ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction An academic paper is a presentation of a researcher’s thoughts about a particular topic. This is based on a comprehensive analysis of his past knowledge and research about the topic. The academic paper, “Educational Validity of Business Gaming Simulation: A Research Methodology Framework,” by Stainton, Johnson, and Borodzicz is an analytical research paper. This is because the paper focuses on analyzing diverse opinions from different scientists. The authors have focused on the findings of other scientists, and have concluded the research paper with a proposed framework for further research on the subject (Stainton, Johnson and Borodzicz 2010). An academic paper is divided into different subsections, which include Title, Abstract, Table of Contents, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion (Denscombe 1998). This paper will discuss the extent to which the above article has followed the above layout. Discussion Critical analysis of the paper sections Objectives and findings of the paper The major objective of the paper was to establish a methodology to evaluate the didactic validity of TES (Total Enterprise Simulation). This was done to investigate the validity of commercial gaming simulation. The research was to be done through planning, execution, and validation. The findings of the paper show that TES is a useful tool in determining the validity of an economic simulation game. Title The title, “Educational Validity of Business Gaming Simulation: A Research Methodology Framework,” gives a clear idea of the subject of the paper. The title is clear and informs the reader what the article is going to cover. Abstract The abstract has given reasons as to why the article was written. It has related this with prior research by indicating that past research on the subject is questionable. The research paper has further stated that previous studies have concentrated on the limitations of economic simulation games without offering guidelines for evaluating educational validity of TES. However, it has not stated the main research questions of the study. The results of the research as stated in the abstract are to provide a basis for future studies that will help simulation designers apply valuable and didactic simulation techniques in the future (Denzin 1978). Introduction The introduction has given reasons why the research paper was written. It states, “This article proposes a methodology framework for assessing the educational validity of business gaming simulation based on research conducted using Total Enterprise Simulation (TES) (Stainton, Johnson and Borodzicz 2010 P. 706). It further adds that for TES to be accepted as a reliable learning instrument, it is crucial that it be validated. Therefore, there is need for learner’s to invest time and money to carry out the research. The main research issues involved in the paper include “issues of validity: internal. Validity or changes in the student in classroom settings, external validity or the generalization of any learning effects to outside classroom situ
This part of the marketing plan presents the future goals of the seafood company Oceanside, in particular, its marketing and product objectives for the next five years. Seafood’s businesses rely heavily on the quality of their products as well as clients’ financial abilities (Thong, Solgaard, Haider, Roth, & Ravn-Jonsen, 2018). The business will aim to maintain its presence in the current markets, expand into new markets, and improve the outreach of its marketing with higher quality and new products. Currently, Oceanside works in the sphere of retail and collaborates with various stores that sell the company’s products. Oceanside will maintain its place in the market through repeat purchases and increasing awareness of the brand (Kerin & Hartley, 2017). The recognition of Oceanside’s products will grant it returning customers and higher demand. Moreover, Oceansi
Introduction Individuals with hearing disabilities face challenges with which able people do not have to deal on a daily basis. One may readily imagine how deafness can put a strain on a person’s communication skills and ability to solve issues. Even though deaf people may attest to having similar struggles, their experiences may vary greatly depending on what kind of family they grew up in. This paper will provide a comparison between the experiences of growing up in an all-deaf family and being raised by non-deaf parents. The Case of De’Angelo Brown De’Angelo Brown is a young African-American with a hearing disability who was adopted by a non-deaf family in his early childhood. According to him, his adoptive family was loving and supportive; however, what was lacking was awareness of his special needs. For instance, growing up, De’Angelo was quite fond of watching TV but could not enjoy that activity since his family did not understand that he needed captions to follow the plot. Thus, when the entire family was watching a movie, he felt excluded as he could not feel the same emotions or laugh at the same jokes. Because of that lack of understanding, he felt betrayed: as opposed to the real world where one does not expect compassion from strangers, his family was supposed to be his safe haven. What was even more baffling is that his peers, coaches, and personnel at the dorm where he was staying during athletic contests were more eager to help him. De’Angelo concludes that his family was not bonding with him enough, and he was hurt by such negligence. The Case of an All-Deaf Family The second video showcases two deaf parents of four children, two of whom are deaf and two are hearing. From the first minutes, one may observe a striking contrast between the experiences of children in this family and what De’Angelo had to deal with. The parents, Leslie and Bridgetta, do not think that a hearing disability is a tragedy. On the contrary, they see deafness as a gift that can be a huge part of a person’s identity and account for genuinely unique experiences. They pass this worldview to their two deaf children and accommodate them in every way possible as opposed to De’Angelo’s parents, who made him feel strange and isolated. Leslie tells about his childhood and teenage years: he grew up with hearing parents who were not always sure how to help him handle daily challenges. Thus, his struggles growing up made him knowledgeable of the best conditions for other deaf people, in his case, his children. De’Angelo’s parents grew up hearing, and that explains why they could not take measures to make the boy’s life easier based on their own experiences. Conclusion The world is not accommodating people with hearing disabilities: apart from professionals, barely anyone knows and understands sign language. On top of that, many are merely unaware of the fact that they might be hurting and making a deaf person feel disrespected. The lack of awareness is e
While humanity has created an immense amount of artworks and, correspondingly, produced a considerable number of artists throughout its existence, women were not well represented in this field historically. In particular, the lack of great female artists is especially evident and notable in this respect. One may, if educated enough, find the examples of women painters or sculptors of note who have made their contributions to art and its historical development. Still, it would be hard to compare them to the acclaimed masters belonging to the other gender: there are no female “equivalents for Michelangelo or Rembrandt, Delacroix or Cezanne, Picasso or Matisse” (Nochlin 3). This fact begs a legitimate question of why, during the entire history of art, no great female artists ever emerged. The answer is threefold: women’s lower social station, economic status, and the lack of education limited their opportunities so that they were not able to develop their artistic talents to the same degree as the greatest of their male counterparts. The first overreaching cause of the absence of great female artist throughout history was the subjugated position of women as a gender in the majority of societies. While these societies not necessarily rationalized gender relations in terms of dominance and servitude, women generally occupied lower and less prestigious positions in them. For instance, men who sought contact with infants and children may pursue careers of pediatricians or child psychologists, but women comprised the mainstay of nurses and performed routine tasks (Nochlin 4). This example demonstrates how society, while not technically denying women various areas of occupation, may restrict their opportunities by generally assigning them lower positions with fewer ways for upward mobility. As a result, even in the relatively liberal ages and cultures, women interested in arts were more likely to become “volunteer museum-aides or part-time ceramists” rather than painters or sculptors (Nochlin 5). This social discrimination designating more prestigious and influential positions as unfit for women made it correspondingly hard to achieve success and acclaim in the world of art. Another cause, which is intertwined with and closely related to the first one, is an economic one: many women lacked the means to develop their artistic capabilities. Achieving greatness in art, just like any other field, requires devoting oneself wholeheartedly to the endeavor which, in turn, necessitates both sufficient material capabilities to support one’s existence and the abundance of time. Historically speaking, women rarely had access to both precisely because of their social standing as described in the previous paragraph. Less prestigious positions, such as a nurse compared to a pediatrician, tended to be both lower-paying and more time-consuming, thus depriving those who occupied them of both necessary prerequisites to develop their talents. Simply speaking, women did not have the good fortune of belongin
Identify and describe any two key policy measures that make globalization sustainable The efficient sustainability of globalization and economic growth is largely predetermined by foreign investments and international relations of the country. According to Gaspar et al., the country that lacks an adequate system of economic policies cannot become a significant participant in the global affairs (17). Thus, the government should promote the implementation of particular policies that make globalization sustainable. Good governance and competitive market are crucial policy measures for the development and international collaboration. The accomplishment of sustainability starts on the level of the particular country. Thus, most developed countries agree that it is impossible to become successful and promote economic growth without the proper government within the state. Gaspar et al. take Singapore as an example to demonstrate the connection between state governance and international collaboration and globalization. Authors write that Singapore practices the transparent policies of government activities. All issues are discussed in details before making a particular decision. This system of the governmental decision-making is attractive for both domestic and foreign investors. Gaspar et al. also dwell on the fact that some countries in the Central Asia still prefer secrecy, and it aggravates their economic growth (18). The second key policy measure concerns the property rights. The guarantee of property rights has always been crucial for the development of market economies. According to the results of the investigation of the World Bank, all globalized countries have an advanced system of the protection of property rights. Although many communist-based or state-controlled economies have a competitive advantage in terms of labor force and sources, foreign and domestic investors avoid participating in business deals. Consequently, the development aggravates. What are antitrust laws and how do these laws affect business at a global level? Antitrust laws may be referred to as laws that promote fair competition in business. Antitrust laws aim at reducing the influence of monopolies. When only one company sells the particular products, the monopoly occurs. The intention to dispose of monopolies is predetermined by the fact that monopolists may set their rules that may be disadvantageous to customers. The US antitrust law and the EU competition law represent primary ways that promote the reduction of monopolism both globally and in the local markets. The efficiency of the EU competition law has been proved in practice. For instance, two large European gas companies secretly practiced the so-called collusion — illegal agreement to divide market and do not interfere in business. Companies received almost two billion fines for the viola
In medical context, innovation refers to the development of new services, technologies, and ways of working within the healthcare settings (Edwards & Grinspun, 2011). Over the last century, the expansion of service sectors has been attributed to the increase in the adoption of innovations and technologies. From the early 1980s, the adoption of innovation in hospitals has resulted in numerous healthcare benefits. In most hospitals, innovation in healthcare has reduced costs, enhanced development of new ideas, and provided employees with outstanding career advancement opportunities through continuous training. Equally, through the adoption of innovative technologies most hospitals can now collect and evaluate accurate data (Edwards & Grinspun, 2011). In general, innovation in healthcare service delivery is essential in improving the value of care services and reducing the ever-increasing cost of treatments. Despite its effectiveness, health organizations experience numerous challenges in adopting and diffusing innovations into their healthcare systems. This paper focuses on trends of innovations, nature, and challenges of innovations in healthcare delivery services. Innovative ideas in healthcare delivery service are achieved through the efforts of creative individuals. Healthcare systems are complicated and integrated necessitating skilled personnel (Edwards & Grinspun, 2011). This implies that the minds of individuals working in the healthcare service have to adapt to the complex systems. Psychologists suggest that most healthcare experts have higher chances to be innovative due to continuous rearrangement of their thoughts to meet the new developments. Benefits of innovations in healthcare systems One needs to evaluate how the adoptions of innovations have affected the delivery of services across our healthcare institutions to understand the benefits of innovation in healthcare (Griffith, 1999). As such, innovations have changed the way treatments and healthcare delivery services are administered in our hospitals. For instance, with the invention of stents the treatment of clogged heart arteries has improved significantly. Unlike in the past when treatment relied on surgery, treatment of clogged heart arteries can now be administered using invasive radiology procedures (Bali, 2006). Similarly, innovations in health information technology have improved on the efficiency, storage, cost, and transmission of medical data (Griffith, 1999). Because of these, activities relying on health information technologies have been greatly enhanced. In addition, improvements in the health information technologies have enhanced healthcare management. For this reason, hospitals have been able to provide better care services through the adoption of better health care practices. These benefits are evidenced from the gains realized through the adoption
The basic organizational pressures within Andersen that increased the potential pressure to engage in ethically questionable practices came right from the fact they were involved personally with the Enron top brass. Being an audit company of high reputation it was evident and expect that the members of Andersen would always maintain their neutral position on the issue of profession and ethics. However, Andersen went in the relationship with Enron for reasons. It is stated, “Enron could be a volatile partner, at times even a bully. But Andersen was hooked on a relationship that it found simply too lucrative to abandon.” (McRoberts, 13). In a way, this pressure was greed, financially and socially, and ethically questionable practices by Andersen that followed were result of this step. From the point of view of heuristics and different types of biases, this case can be enumerated as unintentional unethical practice because the members of Andersen never knew consciously that Enron is corrupting them. In this context, it would be relevant to mention the realization by Loewenstein who proved that people believe that the end goal justifies every aspect. (Bazerman, 1) Thus, from the point of view of Andersen, the Enron motivated the employees and it was found that “Many of Andersen and Enron’s top number crunchers took annual golf vacations together, making friendly bets on each round. They went on ski outings, schussing down the slopes together”. (McRoberts, 13) As a result, “They were out of control, and they didn’t even know it because it was so cool to associate yourself with the top, with the guys who run a multibillion-dollar company.” (McRoberts, 13) It is easy to recognize that Enron slowly corrupted the Andersen members ethically by becoming personal with them. All these factors promote the company’s commitment to Enron and its accounting practices. Andersen was the auditor of Enron and by becoming up, close and person with the auditor it was easy for Enron to motivate Andersen. McRoberts reports, “The closeness between Andersen and Enron–the firm’s $58 million client in fiscal 2000 alone–largely robbed the auditor of its good judgment, key employees inside both firms contend.” (McRoberts, 13). It should be noted that had Andersen done differently to preve
Introduction Globally, the complexity of diseases and associated treatment costs forms one of the greatest impediments to developments. This is because, governments are spending millions of dollars in trying to improve the health conditions of their citizens, a factor that takes many funds that could be helpful in other development sectors such as industrialization. For example, consider the recent outbreak of swine flu. To ensure the well-being of their citizens, most affected nations had to (and some are still spending) millions of dollars; probably funds that nations never meant to spend on their health sectors. Although the case is common in all nations, that is, spending of many funds on healthcare, developing nations are the ones that are feeling the greatest pinch from such pandemics. This is because, most of the developing nations adopt health policies that lay little emphasis on the necessity of preventive treatment due to scarcity of funds or lack of supportive technologies for early detection of infections. Although one can argue that, economic problems are major cause of such problems, as Molnar (pp. 6-14) argues, to some extent the many differences that exist among societies can be contributing factors to problems many developing countries face, more so when it comes to manifestations of disease and genetic make-ups as concerns resistance to diseases. For instance, the major reason why Africa is one of the continents affected by diseases, is due to segregations; racially, that have existed since time memorial. It is important to mote that, this to larger extent had nothing to do with the concept of diseases among developing countries because; genetic make-ups are products of biological processes, whereas racial segregation is a human factor. Loring (pp. 12-36) supports this fact; racial differentiation is a human created thing, although evolution theories contradict this by arguing that, the whole concept lacks the required biological prove, hence a human perception. Considering this, Africa is one of the most affected areas by infectious diseases that have caused numerous deaths, which translates into many social and economic problems. Common diseases that have affected the African continent include malaria, HIV and AIDS, diseases resulting due to malnutrition, and anemia. Of all these, malaria is the most prevalent, whereby women; mostly pregnant women, and young children are the ones who have felt the greatest impact of the pandemic. Although many African governments have put in place many measures to deal with the malaria condition, still the diseases is a threat due to many deaths that result either from late detection of the disease, or lack of medication
Introduction The climate change and environmental catastrophes it brings upon global society have been at the forefront of multiple scientific fields for the last several decades. Careless use of natural resources, fuel-linked contamination, and irresponsible waste management by businesses has led to grave environmental consequences. It is now generally accepted that a business can and should wield its financial power and resources to benefit the existing community with it exists in cooperation. This perception leads to the rise in responsible consumption, with customers paying increased attention to a firm’s environmental policies and sustainability status. Consecutively, it is now both in the societal and financial interests of corporations to invest in sustainable resource applications and environment-oriented programs. The following paper addresses some of these international policies as applied by firms and governments, particularly in relation to renewable energy sources. The first section is dedicated to discussing the main outcomes and challenges of the Climate Change Conference of the Parties 2021. The second focuses on examining two life cycle assessments and potential fracking activities-related recommendations for Texas and the UK. The third section is centered on discussing the energy efficiency measures in housing and transport areas, specifically for Sweden, the UK, and China. And, finally, the fourth section evaluates the social, economic, and environmental benefits and costs of implementing renewable energy technologies in the United States. To illustrate the severity of some of the outlined consequences and challenges presented to the national environment, the following graph is presented, illustrating the growth rate of the US fracking industry. Main Outcomes and Challenges of COP21 The Paris Climate Change Conference 2021 addressed the problem of the increased impact climate change has had on human lives internationally. The participants acknowledged the logical financing issue that comes from the need for the implementation of a variety of changes quickly. With one of the outcomes being the need to transition to a greener and more climate-conscious economy, the participants agreed that corporate billions had to be turned into a climate investment (Rhode, 2016; Zhang et al., 2017). Developing countries, in particular, were recognized as in need of support, and the conference participants re-established the agreement with developed countries to contribute 100 billion dollars to them. For comparison purposes, the committee identified that $78.9bn of climate finance was mobilized in 2018 (“A net-zero emissions economic recovery from COVID-19 -ORCA”, 2021). This sum includes the construction of new markets for mitigation and quality improvement, as well as developmental and educational programs on the climate issue. England has been a prominent agent in the global efforts towards increasing the overall sustainability of multinational business. The United Kingdom doubled its financial commitment to the cause up to around £11.6 billion within the four years between 2021 and 2025 (Z