ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Scholarships Office (SCO) was established in 1999 to identify brilliant Emirati students and facilitate their travel to international institutions for advanced studies. The organisation offers scholarships to outstanding students in two major categories, namely the Distinguished Student Scholarship (DSS) and the Study Abroad Scholarship Program (SASP). The firm’s productivity has been adversely affected by a lack of transparency. Resolution of this problem would improve the productivity, performance, and general output of employees significantly. Recent outcomes of events and organisational functions have demonstrated the existence of deep problems within the office. Lack of transparency has led to a breakdown in communication, low-quality services, high rates of absenteeism, poor decision-making, duplicate work, and low morale among employees. It is imperative for the organisation to address these challenges hastily in order to enhance performance and productivity among employees. Current situation Currently, there is a lack of transparency between the manager and employees. The issuance of scholarships to students is supposed to be fair and transparent. On the other hand, access to information is supposed to be open, quick, and unlimited. However, the manager does not share all the relevant information with employees regarding scholarship applicants and employee welfare. He only provides information that he is willing to share in order to achieve certain desired results and outcomes. Therefore, employees are unable to do their work effectively. The manager is also not honest about certain actions and decisions that affect the welfare of employees. For instance, he only informs employees about the decisions made by management and excludes vital information such as their rationale and how they will affect them. Discussions between the manager and employees are characterised by a lack of trust, honesty, and openness. Constant bickering and disagreements are signs of problems that go deep into the core of the organisation. Lack of transparency is evident from a breakdown in communication, duplicate work, bad relationships, and poor-decision making. Many decisions result in poor outcomes because employees are not involved in the decision-making process. Employees rarely share their problems wit
Introduction Proper eating is critical for the wellbeing of a person, and an adequate diet is an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. Older adults often find it challenging to provide themselves with appropriate nutrition due to financial difficulties and other limitations, so such individuals need help from society. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the implementation of a nutrition project for older adults in Colusa County. Main Objectives Health and Human Service Department of Colusa County and the Area III Agency on Aging have started The Senior Nutrition Program. The mission of the program is to assist older adults by promoting improved nutrition and better health. The project provides noon meals for individuals who are sixty years of age or older. The site is a scout cabin, and it receives a few dozen participants every day from Monday to Friday. The program offers balanced hot meals, including meat, vegetables, and dairy products. Older adults can learn about the program from the pamphlets distributed by public services and from the project’s web page. The cost of a meal is approximately three dollars, and it is distributed for a non-mandatory donation. The ingredients are delivered to the site, where the food is cooked and served. The program also provides home deliveries to those who cannot come to the site due to health issues. The staff of the program finds it difficult to accomplish their task due to lack of personnel and funding. The project needs more volunteers, government funding, and donations to make the job of the staff easier and the program better. Conclusion The county of Colusa has a nutrition project that provides adults over sixty years of age with food. The program offers its participants to come to the specially designated site for nutritionally balanced lunch meals and arranges home deliveries for those who cannot arrive. The project is run by public services and relies on government funding and donations to operate. The help of volunteers and better funding will significantly improve the program.
Introduction The use of enhancement drugs and other performance enhancement substances in sports is not a new phenomenon. However, as Murray (11) notes, the means used by sports persons to achieve this enhancement are increasing. This is especially so given the increasing competitiveness in sports in contemporary society. The prospect of winning a gold medal in a period of two years will make a sports man do anything that they consider likely to enhance their performance. A case in point is the 2007 Mitchell Report that looked into this practice in American sports. According to this report, Major League base ball sports personalities in this country confessed or were found to have engaged in this practice at one point or another in their career (Murray 11). Similar reports have found that use of performance enhancement drugs in sports is prevalent in other sports such as cycling, football and others. There are other forms of performance enhancement apart from the use of drugs. This is for example the use of sports equipment that increases the performance of the athlete. An example is the use of special swim suits to reduce water resistance in swimming, use of special waxes and fluids in skiing and such others (Katz 113).
Abstract The ability of a single individual to influence the decision making structure of many has been in play for centuries past. The name given to this influence by various scholars and psychologists is peer/group pressure. The term refers to the situation whereby the voice of an individual affects the decisions made by others within a given group. In the 1950s, a famous psychologist Solomon Asch conducted an experiment geared towards determining the extent to which pressure from a dominant individual affected the decisions made by other participants. In this critical analysis of the experiment, we shall focus on the various assumptions that surrounded the experiment. Through the use of relevant literature, a detailed evaluation of the experiment shall be provided to validate or dismiss the conclusions reached through the Asch’s conformity experiment. Introduction The study of individual conformity as a result of peer pressure has been in existence for many centuries but has only gained prominence in recent times. This can mostly to the experiment carried out in the 1950s by the famous psychologist Solomon Asch. The aim of this experiment was to gather valuable data pertaining to the reasons behind any act and behavior that was portrayed as a result of peer pressure (British Psychological Society, 2006). The psychologist managed to do this by conducting interviews and studying a group of test subjects. The participants included seven confederate and one study subject. They were seated around a table such that they could not be suspicious. The participants were asked a series of simple questions and were expected to answer them aloud. These simple questioned would help the psychologist ascertain how group pressure influenced the answers provided by the subjects. Findings The results of the experiment were very interesting. They showed that the answers given could to a significant percentage be influenced by peer pressure. The participants that were not subjected to peer-pressure gave the correct answers to all but one question. On the other hand the participants surrounded by the people giving wrong answers, invariably gave more wrong answers. Brain (2000) claims that at least 75% of the participants gave the wrong answer to at least one question. In as much as this would have been ruled out as an experimental error, it was enough to declare that peer pressure indeed can lead to conformity among groups. In summary, the experiment proved that one voice can undoubtedly influence other people into conformity. Criticisms of the Asch experiment Despite the progress made, there were criticisms directed towards the expe
Executive Summary There are market entry barriers for new entrants in the car market such as McLaren. The report shows that the industry has grown over the years to become one of the most competitive becoming a struggle for new entrant. The entrants face numerous challenges before they dominate or even penetrate the car market. The already existing companies in the car market are trying to develop new measures and strategies that will allow them to remain relevant in the market amidst economic slow growth and a decline in demand. These include diversification and investment in other areas to reduce risks. McLaren has been able to overcome most of the entry barriers to become a successful company despite the competiveness of the industry. Introduction The automotive industry has both good and tough times, which result to times of growth and decline. The industry is highly competitive which poses a great challenge for new entrants and existing companies. Most of the entry barriers present in the mass car market is relevant to McLaren though they do not indicate a negative impact on the McLaren Group, which continues to establish new companies. The major challenges for new entrants include enormous upfront costs, high competition and marketing of the new brands. The market is not well-exploited owing to the challenges that face existing and new companies. It is beyond doubt that McLaren has been able to overcome the various market entry barriers present in the mass car market as evident from its dominance and high returns. Competition is a relevant market entry barrier for the company, which has been keen on identifying strategic groups that have similar business models and similar strategies in the car market. This is important in identifying its direct competitors and the basis on which they compete and identify any opportunities. The company has been able to keep up with its main competitors such as Ferrari owing to sufficient market research, which identifies major areas of improvement and competitive advantage. For example, the company is making cars that are faster, comfortable and economical in an effort to compete with its main rivals. It uses product development articulated by Ansoff’s Matrix to introduce new products into existing market to boost competition against its rivals (Kerr 2005, p. 156). The enormous amount of capital to start a car company is another relevant market entry barrier for McLaren. The company was able to amass huge capital from its initial investors such as Bruce McLaren, shareholders and external financial assistance from banks and other financial institutions. It was able to establish other segments such as Absolute Taste from the huge revenues generated by the racing team. The company, which started as a racing team, has been able to divert its returns to fund and establish new segments such as McLaren Applied Technologies and McLaren Electronic Systems that are a source of huge revenues (Young 2005, p. 58). Marketing investment is a market entry barrier for McLaren owing t
The European Council adopted the European Union Counter-Terrorism Strategy (EU CTS) in 2005 as a response to challenges to international security in the increasingly opened European space. It includes four strands of work: preventing people from being turned into terrorists, protecting citizens and infrastructure, pursuing and prosecuting terrorists, and responding effectively to terrorist attacks (EU CTS, 2005, p. 3). The Strategy provides for a common framework of counter-terrorism measures for all member states. This paper provides research and analysis of the EU CTS, evaluates its performance about the terrorist attacks that occurred after its adoption, and makes specific recommendations to improve its effectiveness. Research and Analysis The EU CTS is primarily aimed at combating international terrorism both within and outside the EU borders. The international nature of terrorism requires the consolidation of the efforts of all member states. Researchers note that the “EU counter-terrorism can be perceived as a form of multi-level governance in which the EU is one player amidst several others” (Den Boer & Wiegand, 2015, p. 377). The Strategy consists of 41 items and is divided into six sections, including an introduction, four sections on the strands of work mentioned above, and the democratic accountability part. The set of preventive measures of the Strategy is mainly directed at the prevention of terroristic radicalization and recruitment. The key priorities in this area are the criminalization of incitement and recruitment, the monitoring of problematic behavior in the media and the Internet, and the implementation of appropriate social and intercultural policies (EU CTS, 2005, p. 9). Most of these are measures that each member state applies independently within its legal framework. Their policies vary due to certain socio-cultural and migration reasons. Researchers note that “the radicalization of European Muslims is seen as a concern and international terrorism is perceived as being linked to a wide range of other threats” in the UK, France, and the Netherlands (Londras & Doody, 2015, p. 127). At the same time, that is not as common for Scandinavian countries and many Eastern European countries (Londras & Doody, 2015, p. 127). Accordingly, the actions to prevent radicalization and recruitment differ in these countries, depending on the degree of urgency of the problem. Besides, the Strategy includes several measures aimed at protecting against
The first article to be considered is the study of Edmondson titled “Deaf Children’s Understanding” – the study of Edmondson is focused on the “ability of deaf children to predict the behaviors of other people, based on an understanding of their beliefs” (Edmondson, 2006). The tools to study this ability in a focus group of 55 completely deaf children were an unexpected transfer task (hiding and replacing the sweets to ensure the child’s “basic understanding of the maneuvers and their memory of what they had seen”) and a deceptive box task (using a box with sweets and pencils). The results brought about unexpected findings – it turned out that children of deaf parents accommodated to the challenging tasks better and easier than did children of hearing parents. As a result, the article together with the research findings gives a new clue to understanding the peculiarities of deaf children’s perception and to designing programs that would facilitate their development and enrich the available ways of communication. The author discusses the importance of finding unified ways of communication with deaf children since there are many alternatives used individually, justifying the point by the growing number of deaf children. Peter Edmondson substantiates his research by discussing peculiarities of deaf and hearing children’s development, stressing the delay in “social understanding” deaf children experience, further complications of thought processes, etc. Conducting the literature review, the author substantiates the choice of research tools and explicitly describes the procedure of the experiment (Edmondson, 2006). The educational value of the study may be summarized as the necessity for a systematic, comprehensive design of reciprocal communication with deaf children to ensure their full and timely cognitive and emotional development. The second article to be considered is the editorial by Donald Moores titled “Research on Bi-Bi Instruction” –the author speculates on the topic of ASL as a tool for educating the deaf and giving them wider opportunities for studying more than one language and bridging their knowledge with English. He argues that despite the enthusiastic beginning with the introduction of Bi-Bi programs (bilingual-bicultural) they did not meet th
Introduction During the end of 19 th century big business owners who were really concerned about the social abuses and demands of labor unions, started the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). They constructed abodes and medical facilities in order to improve the living standards of their employees. This gesture paid back. The employees were motivated and there was an increase in the worker turnover. This happened because the business houses cared for the society and in return, the society cared for the business houses. This is a small example of business ethics. Business Ethics means the moral principles that a business should follow while performing. Chris MacDonald indicated that “Business ethics can be defined as the critical, structured examination of how people $ institutions should behave in the world of commerce” (MacDonald). Today, the world is full of competitions in all walks of life. Owing to the technological developments and the businesses growing on a worldwide level, it has become very essential for business houses to follow business ethics in order to gain public support and to enhance the image of their business. There are many plus points of following the business ethics but the demerits of not following the business ethics are countless. During the years, owing to the great effect that business ethics have on a business, organizations have started laying greater stress on adhering to the business ethics. There are many instances during the performance of a business where the performers are confronted by the business ethics. Basically, there are two kinds of ethics that business houses should follow namely, personal ethics and organizational ethics. In both the situations, it is crucial to know what exactly should be the individual’s or the organization’s conscientiousness in any particular business. For individuals, it is a greater task since they tend to have different ethical values outside the organization. While in the organization, individuals have to act differently, according to the business ethics of their company. It should be understood that personal ethics are not suitable within the organizations. “External behaviors would be issues such as conflict of interest or treatment of citizens. Internal behaviors would be issues such as sexual harassment or inappropriate preferences in hiring” (Gilman, 2005). Organizations, on the other hand, have to understand their social responsibilities and act accordingly. By the advent of CSR, expectations of the society have increased. People form good opinion about the companies or business houses that care for the benefit of the society. This enhances their public image. This helps them to increase their customers and greater admittance in the money markets. Such companies or business houses are supposed to have a longer profit run. This is because of their better social relations and productive actions towards the benefit of the society. Actually this ha
Introduction An increasing number of teenagers in the UK appear to be carrying knives for use on each other. We would like to ask ourselves whether this perception is correct, or is there a climate of fear created by the British media? Why do some teenagers do this and what effect is this having on UK society? What are the possible solutions to this problem? These are some of the questions that are in every Briton’s mind. Since time immemorial knives have been in use for either killing or inflicting harm to oneself or another person through the number of crimes involving knives in Britain today is alarming especially when these crimes are committed by teenagers. The number of teenagers in the UK carrying knives for use on each other has slowly been increasing during recent years and the media is not publishing stories about knife crimes out of the blues; it is so real that this has become a national issue and is in plain view for all to see (Andrew et al). Main body According to the British Crime Survey, last year alone, out of all the crimes committed which totaled 129,840, violent crime involving the use of a knife accounted for 6%. According to police records in England and Wales, attempted murders, robberies, and inflicted injuries involving the use of knives amounted to 22,000. The most worrying cities in the UK are London, Greater Manchester, and the West Midlands where 50% of the 22,000 knife crimes were reported. The official figures in statistics indicated that knife crimes in London were being committed after every 4 minutes last year were and 17 teenagers have been killed by stubbing since January. The most affected age group is between the ages of 16 years and 19(Hamilton). The survey continues to indicate that these teenagers are no respecters of age and they stab even their fathers and mothers where the latest incident was the stabbing of a 23-year-old woman in London. It has now become so much serious a crime that even the British government has introduced new legislation to deal with the offenders where it has set a jail term of 4 years as the maximum sentence for possessing a knife if a person is found possessing one and he/she is under the age of 18. I tend to disagree with the legislators on the issue of setting stiffer penalties. Instead, they should come up with ways of trying to reduce knife crimes and protecting the citizens from such offenders. The writing is on the wall for all of us to see, the situation is a reality and there is no point in arguing that there is a climate of fear that is being created by the media (www.insight-security.com ). The rise in knife crimes is becoming a hard task to contain since knives are everywhere and one does not require having a license to carry one; for one to carry a gun a license is a must giving reasons for requiring it. These knives are everywhere and are capable of inflicting any sort of injury, costing little to obtain across all ages by everyone. Another cause of the increase in knife crimes is the lack of prop