ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Sentiments accompany many films that depict culture, and this includes most narratives about groups of people. While cinema may have evolved as a major means of entertainment as popularized by Hollywood, entertainment itself has come to encompass various genre of storytelling. From silent, black & white films that depict antics easily understood by a wide range of audience, to the so-called “indie” or low-budgeted, low-key films from previously unknown directors, writers or casts. It is through this evolving form of genre that films tackling ethnicity issues such as diaspora have voices “outside” mainstream Hollywood started to get heard. Diaspora is an ethno-cultural phenomenon with the term rooted from diaspora , Greek, διασ word πορά – that means a scattering or sowing of seeds, and eventually evolved to mean forcing of any group of people or ethnic population to leave their traditional homelands. There is the dispersal of these people leading to changes and developments in their culture. Originally, the term diaspora meant “the scattered” used by the ancient Greeks that referred to citizens of dominant city-states. These, mainly led by soldiers or warriors, emigrated to conquered lands with the purpose of colonization as well as to assimilate the territory into the empire. However, the now prevalent meaning derailed from its original sense apparently after the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek. Diaspora was used in this instance to refer to the population of Jews exiled from Judea ca 586 BC by the Babylonians, and from Jerusalem in AD 136 by the Roman Empire. Later, diaspora was referred interchangeably with historical movements of dispersed ethnic population of Israel, the cultural development of that population, or the population itself and the Greek term assimilated into English by mid-20th century. Other reference includes refugees of other origins or ethnicities although the two terms are far from synonymous but pertains only to the mass movement of one ethnicity to another place. In African diaspora, it involves the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world. Places of destination include the predominant Americas, then to Europe, the Middle East and other parts of the world. The vast majority of African diaspora descended from people who were enslaved and shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade and the largest population are said to be in Brazil. It was said that the people of Sub-Saharan descent is estimated to be more that 900 million and represents about 14% of the world’s population (Dodson and Sylviane, 2005). Slavery The majority of African migrants are dispersed throughout Europe, Asia, and the Americas during the Atlantic and Arab slave trades starting in the 9th century. Slaves were taken from the northern and eastern portions of the continent into the Middle East and Asia. By the start
Introduction As a developed nation, Canada is experiencing an aging population in its demographics. Due to the advancement in healthcare, more people are living longer than before, despite an increase in the number of chronic illnesses among the senior population. However, according to Hsiao, the share of the population of seniors in Canada is smaller than many other developed western countries (950). The country has been experiencing a rise in its aging population in the last 40 years. Notably, at the beginning of 2011, the first baby-boomers attained the age of 65 years. Hence, the aging population is expected to accelerate very fast onwards. According to Morgan, Daw, and Law, the number of seniors in 2005 was 4.2 million (41). The number is expected to rise up to 9.8 million by 2036. In 2005, the aging population represented 13.2% as of 2005. It will represent 24.5 % of the whole population by 2036. From 2036-2056, it is projected that the rate of increase in the older population will be slower. It will go up only from 9.8 million to 11.5 million. This increment represents 27.2% of the Canadian population in 2056 (Kutzin, Cashin, and Jakab 17). The increase in the aging population corresponds with the increase in life expectancy in the country. For instance, in 2012, it was estimated that the life expectancy was 81 years as compared to 76 years in 1981. The increase in life expectancy explains the rising number of the aged people in the country. Another major reason why the aging population is increasing is the reduction in fertility rate, which stands at 1.5 children per woman (Steinbrook 1661). This figure is below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman. Although the issue of aging population in Canada has come later as compared to other industrialized nations, there are conflicting message
The question of doom, fate and punishment has always been very topical for people. Living their lives, they had to think about the results of their actions and the way in which they might influence this very world. Moreover, there has always been some force which was believed to control the life of a person and provide rewards and punishment for various people. That is why, the idea of the inevitable doom and fairy divine punishment became very popular among people. Thus, being the important part of human society, literature could not but reflect these ideas. That is why, there are many various works devoted to the question of doom and punishment for people who deserve it. The poem Manfred by George Byron also revolves around the given issue (“Manfred Dramatic Poem” para. 3). The main character of the story is a bright representative of his own epoch. Manfred lives alone in a lonely land and condemns society. He is not able to accept their sins and limits which are introduced by their ignorance and beliefs. Manfred knows various mysteries of the universe and is able to deal with various elements, however, it does not bring him happiness. Moreover, his past tortures him, introducing suffering and pain. That is why, he calls spirits asking them to bring forgetfulness, “Of that which is within me; read it there/ Ye know it, and I cannot utter it” (Byron 137-138). Analyzing the image of Manfred, it is vital to admit the fact that Byron adds some personal traits to this character (“Lord Byron (George Gordon)” para. 5). He is isolated and society does not accept him because of his arrogance and knowledge. Manfred obtains the great power, however, at the same time he remains very vulnerable as his loneliness hurts him, he misses Astarte, his beloved one, not being able to forget about their feelings. Reading the poem, a reader understands that there is some guilt which Manfred feels. He is sure that he cankered her. When one of the summoned spirits obtains her image Manfred calls “I cannot speak to her but bid her speak/Forgive me or condemn me” (Byron 474-475). Thus, till the end of the whole poem, the main character is not able to embrace peace and forget about the guilt. With the help of Manfred and his tortures the author introduces the idea of some divine punishment. Byron shows a reader that a person is not able to forget about his/her fault and punishes himself/herself (Hirst 54). Manfred wants to commit suicide, thus he fails. Nevertheless, it does not help him. Trying to obtain oblivion and get rid of tortures he goes to Arimanus, hoping to get the right solution. However, nothing helps him and at the end of the story Manfred dies, being not able to continue his further existence and enjoying death as it helps to get rid of pain. With this in mind, it is possible to say that the given poem could be analyzed in terms of the fairness of punishment and inevitability of doom. Manfred is guilty and he is not able to get rid of tortures. Looking for the solution to the existing problem, he realizes the fact that the death is his punishment and it will help him to atone his sins and obtain peace (Martin 87). With this in mind, it is possible t
“The boy was still mumbling the same words as the three of them used the last of the rainwater trapped in old gasoline containers and sugarcane pulp from the nearby sugarcane mill to scrub the gourds that they had eaten from” (Danticat 53). The selected passage contains some of the most significant symbols in the story written by Edwidge Danticat, and they are opposed to one another. The first symbol is the boy’s words from the play that he is trying to learn. They are contrasted with the elements of his environment that include the last of the rainwater left for the family, old gasoline containers, the sugarcane pulp, and the gourds they used instead of dishes (Danticat 53). The principal meaning of these components is related to their belonging to either the world of rich people or other poor workers like themselves. From this perspective, the words from the book that the boy is learning represent the benefits accessible only to wealthy men. For low-income families, education is more of a dream rather than a reality. This fact explains the strong reaction of Lili and Guy to the successes of their son at school. They encourage him to continue studying and even allow him to read during the dinner, thereby demonstrating their attitude to this idea. In turn, their optimism is marred by the attributes of their own lives or, in other words, poverty, such as the old gasoline containers in the yard. The significance of these two categories of symbols included in the passage is defined by their influence on Guy. His decision to fly the balloon and jump off it is partially conditional upon the collision of his son’s world full of opportunities with his own miserable existence. Therefore, his reaction was much stronger than Lili’s emotions since he could not distract himself from his horrendous fate the way she did and could see only the symbols of poverty. Work Cited Danticat, Edwidge. “A Wall of Fire Rising.” Krik? Krak , Soho P, 1996, pp. 51-
Introduction Today, I want to talk to you about African American Greek Sororities. As asserted by Ross (2000), traditions and sororities are fundamental elements of modern society especially (165). Whether these organizations are used for shows before a large crowd, to conduct projects within cities and other urban settings, to support members within community settings and educational institutions of higher learning or fellowshipping over drinks, black Greek sororities aim at enhancing bonds that extend to more than friendship (Ross 166). The principles and ideals that these organizations aim for in the development of brotherhood and sisterhood relationships that last a lifetime. This speech will thus focus on African American Greek Sororities in modern society. It will expound on the history, famous names and leaders that have been sorority members, and the impact these organizations have in society. History of African American Sororities The National Pan-Hellenic Council is a national organization that comprises nine African American Greek sororities and fraternities. The members of this organization are usually referred to as the ‘Divine 9’ and include:  1.
The norms, values, beliefs, and folkways in the movie Short Eyes (1977) explores the relationships between inmates of a prison in New York City. The prison community is multicultural and multidenominational. Thus, an apparent ethnic stratification of inmates is one of the essential folkways in this social milieu. Every inmate has a well-defined set of beliefs and values. For instance, there are extensive debates on religious topics, as well as discussions on the relations between the white and black American population. The appearance of Clark Davis, accused of child molestation, immediately consolidates the inmates. It is necessary to observe that most of the inmates are rather brutal and aggressive, able to mutilate, or frame the surrounding men. All of them committed serious crimes, and not just once, as Paco admits ( Short Eyes ). However, according to the social norms in the prison environment, child molestation is considered the worst and the most sordid kind of misdoing. In other words, child molesters are at the lowest level in the prison’s ethical system. Another important norm in the prison code of ethics is the prohibition against snitching. Indeed, this rule prevents Juan from telling the truth about Davis’s previous molestation crimes. The same norm pertains to Davis’s murder at the end of the movie when everybody keeps silent on that matter. Moreover, all inmates follow an unspoken rule to adhere to a specific social group, based on one’s ethnicity. Furthermore, the prisoners approve of settling conflicts openly, that is, in hand-to-hand fighting, rather than sneaking and cheating. The various status positions and status sets in the movie The movie represents two primary status positions: inmates and prison guards. In this dichotomy of status positions, inmates must obey, and wardens control their behavior and have the authority to punish prisoners or transfer them to other units. There is a specific nature of relationships between inmates and prison guards. The prison guard, Mr. Nett, also demonstrates a relentless attitude toward child molesters due to painful personal experience. Therefore, he refers to Davis’s murder as an “accident” upon witnessing the entire scene ( Short Eyes ). Thus, the whole prison environment shares this ethical belief and does not tolerate pedophilia to the extent of total eradication of this transgression. There are Student/Teacher status sets in the movie, represented by inmates and Mr. Nett. For instance, when Omar asks him about a possible transfer, the warden r
Importance of the raising consciousness of White Collar Crime. Strategies that might be useful in achieving greater awareness of this type of crime Raising the knowledge of white-collar crime is very vital for a number of reasons. As such, white-collar crimes have been identified as serious problems to governments, institutions and businesses (Friedrichs, 2006). It is essential that all establishments should be more watchful of the crime. When individuals are informed about white-collar crimes, they will be able to detect, evaluate, and avert natural and artificial threats to the welfare of persons and the setups of administrations. Moreover, adequate knowledge about the crime will enable organisations to recover from the damages caused by the crimes and their associated risks. In this regard, organisation should raise the awareness of this type of fraud to ensure that the crime is prevented before it occurs. Several strategies may be utilized in enhancing the knowledge of white-collar crimes (Friedrichs, 2006). For instance, organisations can come up with fraud policies. The policies should be clear and should be communicated to employees. The policies should stipulate the conditions under which a white-collar crime is committed. Similarly, the policies should highlight the expected penalties for committing the crime. With the above strategy, individuals or organisations that are likely to commit the offense will be informed. Equally, organisations should undertake fraud prevention check-ups occasionally. Through the check-ups, white-collar crimes will be identified and prevented before they occur. Through training and workshops, employees can be educated on how to detect and prevent crimes. By doing so, their awareness of white-collar crimes will be enhanced. The benefits and the limitations of both the positive and the negative sanctions in response to White Collar Crime convictions Sanctions against white-collar crimes are classified as either positive or negative. Sanctions are the most appropriate ways of upholding compliance and preventing impending offenses. Positive consequences comprise endowments, rewards, credit, guarantees, trophies, and awards (Friedrichs, 2006). As such, positive sanctions have a number of benefits. They enhance freedom of choice. Through this, they are usually viewed as authentic and less likely to be estranging. Similarly, they enhance learning of preferred conduct and prompt the required collaboration and aid from the third parties. In addition, they nurture collaborative pride in a company. Despite their usefulness, it should be noted that positive sanctions have limitations (Friedrichs, 2006). For instance, praise and rewards can be very effective in safeguarding compliance from companies. However, they can be unscrupulous and paternalistic. Such incidences can be experienced when sanctions appear to enhance bribe in exchange for moral behaviour. Similarly, positive sanctions can enhance an environment of distrusts in a company. Compared with positive sanctions, negative sanctions are more preferred when addressing white-collar crimes. Negative sanctions can
In Thailand, stocks are traded in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). The market, which is situated in Bangkok, had 541 companies listed for share trading by 2007. By then, the collective market capitalisation was $ 280 billion. The stock exchange uses three indices to assess the performance of the shares, including SET100 index, SET50 index, and SET index. Development of the modern stock exchange market has gone through two historical stages. From 1962 to early 1970s, the stock market operated as a privately owned entity. Between 1967 and 1971, the Security Exchange of Thailand was established, with the aim of accumulating funds for economic development and industrialisation. Although some other stock markets had existed before, this was the first one to be officially approved and supervised (Kurihara et al. 2008). The Stock Exchange of Thailand undertakes a number of primary roles, including trading of the listed securities, and facilitating security trading through provision of the necessary framework. In addition, the market undertakes any other important business, which is associated with trading of securities, including registration, provision of depository centre and clearing house, and any other task that may be endorsed by the SEC (Sherman & Titman 2002). The ministry of finance is charged with administration of the share market in Thailand. Share market supervision under this ministry is governed by th
Introduction The world is in a perpetual state of change and so are diseases. Obesity and diabetes are examples of emergent epidemics unheard of in the past. The diseases are currently household names and scourges in the waiting. Obesity is believed to be among the causal factors for diabetes. There is proof beyond reproach that obese people are at a risk of developing type 2 diabetes (insulin-resistant diabetes). An appalling number of diabetes victims are a product of the last two decades (Pollock & Favret n.d.). The number is postulated to double in the coming years. A combination of type 2 diabetes and obesity is the notorious ‘diabesity.’ Recent worldwide predictions indicate that there are 285 million people with diabetes. Acknowledging the atrociousness of the circumstances, the United Nations General Assembly has resolved to declare diabetes an international public health issue. Diabetes is the second disease after HIV/AIDS to receive such attention. Indeed, not for absence of better terms, but for the gravity of the issue at hand diabetes suffices to be termed “the enemy within.” A chronic disease can have adverse implications to an individual’s wellbeing. The disease compromises one’s quality of life, as well as exposing them to undue suffering and early deaths. It is saddening that the disease not only affects the individual, but their families and the economy of a nation, as well (Knutsona & Van Cauter 2008). Diabetes affects people of all ages hence those in the workforce are not immune. Diabetes is typified by elevated blood glucose (sugar) levels. It is an outcome of lack of the hormone insulin. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels. The failure of the body’s tissues to respond suitably to insulin (a state called insulin resistance) also characterizes diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Its victims form 90% of all people with diabetes (World Health Organization 2005). Statistics on Diabetes The astounding statistics on people living with diabetes leaves a lot to ponder. Diabetes was a relatively low high-risk disease in the past years hence there must be a clear explanation on the reasons for the escalation of the disease. Research cited by Barnett and Kumar indicates that there is a 9% risk of developing diabetes for every kilogram of weight gained (2009). According to a study done among Pima Indians of Arizona Micronesian, Nauruan islanders formerly lean groups, are
Emerson Electric Company is a worldwide globally spread and technologically diversified company that is engaged in the process of developing and marketing technologies and also supplying engineering services to both industrial and consumer markets all over the world. It was established in the year 1890. Since the year of its inception, it has shown constant growth and now it has become the leading company in the United States and also a global company, which has listed its name in the 375 th position among FORTUNE’S list of world largest companies. The company has annual revenue of around $22 billion. It is operating through its five major departments, which include the process management department, Industrial automation department, network power department, Climate technologies department, and appliance, and tools department. ( Awards & Recognition , 2008). Both the internal and external environment contributes to the success of a business. The growth-oriented and effective internal and external environment help Emerson to meet the challenges and opportunities in the global market. Describe Emerson’s external environment. What implications does that have for the company? Why? Emerson does business in more than 150 countries and has 265 manufacturing locations globally. The external environment of the company includes the market competition, the market condition, and the taste and preference of the consumers. The trade policies and the restriction in the foreign trade policies and also the availability of the raw materials will also affect the external environment of the organization. Emerson’s management also anticipates the needs of the customers, which helps them to develop technologies that help them to provide services to them without compromising on reliability. A team of consultants is appointed so that the emerging needs of the customers can be identified and develop a customer-oriented business strategy. (John Baker 2001, P. 57-70). Porter’s five force model emphasis on five factors that are used to analyze the environment of the industry. The competitive rivalry, power of suppliers, power of buyers, threats of substitutes, and threats of new entrants. In the case of Emerson, competitive rivalry is more since there is high competitive pressure on price, margins, and also on the profitability of the company. The power of suppliers is also high for there are large numbers of suppliers of raw materials and there are no substitutes for a particular input. The buyers are very price sensitive and they are the ones who impose pressure on the volume and also on the margin of production, so Emerson is much more interested in customer satisfaction. The threa