ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Hotel Rwanda is a moving story about a hotel manager called Paul Rusesabagina. He uses his connections, goodwill and international assistance in order to save the lives of over one thousand Tutsis from radical Hutus. It provides valuable lessons for humanity, in general, and for cultural anthropologists, in particular. Film review The events in the movie unfold in 1994 when the Rwandan genocide was just about to begin. It starts with a radio broadcast from a popular station. The announcer calls Tutsis cockroaches, and prompts Hutus to kill these minorities. The main character narrowly escapes attacks from angry Hutus when he gives the Hutu salute. He is a Hutu, but his wife is a Tutsi. Therefore, when one of their neighbors gets killed, his wife urges him to help. He refuses to interfere by claiming that the victim was not a member of their family. Thereafter, the country plunges into a state of chaos after the death of the president. The Hutu-led government destroys communication signals, electricity and claims that Tutsi rebels killed their president. Paul and his family escape from the wrath of Hutu soldiers by offering them bribes. However, they realize how lucky they are when they pass by several bodies on the streets. The Hutu extremists have threatened UN peacekeepers by showing them blood-stained UN helmets. Consequently, the peacekeepers cannot intervene. Paul takes it upon himself to protect Tutsi refugees in the Hotel, which is an act of true heroism. A Canadian colonel arrives to take foreign nationals out of Rwanda; the natives are truly disappointed that the UN is abandoning them. The film alludes to French involvement in the genocide when Paul calls his boss. The hotel owner then claims to have spoken to the French president. Later on, a businessman tells Paul that half a million Tutsis are dead, and soon the extremists will wipe all of them out. The popular radio RTLM urges Hutus to keep killing the ‘cockroaches’, as well as Tutsi sympathizers from their camp. Paul eventually uses all his money in bribing the killing Hutus. They no longer have water and food suppliers, and the situation gets desperate. Paul uses a witty approach to protect the lives of the Tutsi refugees; he threatens the Army General with criminal charges at the International Court. As a result, the General allows Paul, his family, and refugees to leave in a UN convoy. The group is safe after reaching Tutsi rebel lines. In the end, Paul moves to Belgium where he escapes with his family. Summary of genocide trials scheduled to take place International criminal trials for the perpetrators of the Rwandese violence have already begun. In fact, they started as far back as 1996 (Fujili 8). However, because there were too many suspects, the government created the Gacaca; which is a local reparation system. Furthermore, the United Nations set up a tribunal in a neighboring East African country. The Gacaca would deal with low-level perpetrators while the UN-based tribunal was to deal with high-level perpetrators. The government resolved to execute twenty people
Initial Assessment Based on the case that is provided, it is obvious that the company still uses a LAN-based application. The system is not able to handle the vast amount of data that flows in and the protocols and processes used in the IT application have too many loops, have to retrieve data from an old database that cannot handle the large volume of traffic. Also, there are integration problems as the system cannot accept information from OEM systems and cannot serve the requests that are made. The problem areas are material handling and inventory, finance, HR, manufacturing, and SCM. Assumptions The following assumptions have been made. All internal departments such as finance, production, inventory, planning are competent as stand-alone but there are only problems of integration. Business requirements are forecast as steady for the next financial years. Suggestions for new ERP System The following top-level recommendations are given for the ERP system implementation. The system would have two components one for external customers or the OEMs who buy the products and the internal customers that are internal departments such as finance, purchase, stores and inventory, production, and others (BEA, 2008).   * The company should shift to a web-based application that is accessible from any computer with an Internet connection.   * Since the company is a supplier to many OEMs, who may have their own legacy systems, the question of which platform and application to use arises. The new web-based application that would be developed would again have problems in understanding requests from OEM customer systems. To get over this problem, a Middleware is proposed at the gateway level of the application. The middleware would serve as an interpreter for both DC&H and also for OEMs.   * The database would be having a number of tables with the primary key based on the component number and the OEM code, which is unique. All data would be stored with reference to this number. External Customers External customers include OEMs that buy the products and vendors that supply the raw material (Connors Mar, October 1999).   * OEMs need to send their periodic (monthly, quarterly, etc) schedules, as per their organization’s EDI document format. The format would be for purchase orders, authorization, vouchers, bills, cheque details, etc. The requirements would state the OEM code, the part number of the components, rate, quantity, delivery schedule, etc.   * The middleware would interpret the incoming documents as per the mapping done for the documents. The middleware would look at the OEM code and part number and map it with DC&H documents forma
Research design and sample The research design methodology is determined by the structure of the research question and the context (Bridget & Lewin, 2005). Social research aims at explaining the current state of affairs using predetermined variables. It is worth noting that social research significantly depends on probability, therefore, explaining why a given variable plays a significant role in determining the outcome. Therefore, this implies that the social research must put more emphasis on the findings, coupled with a correlation to the available theoretical frameworks to explain the current form of perceptions by the citizens towards the police force. When carrying out social research, the researcher can choose between Qualitative and quantitative approaches (Nardi, 2003). The quantitative approach entails the collection and analysis of quantifiable data and statistics, to infer a conclusion; it involves collecting data through investigative units such as questionnaires. The qualitative approach on the other hand utilizes analysis and evaluation of qualitative data through interviews and observation to conclude. This research requires both the analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data that will be collected from the citizens regarding their gender and the way they perceive police satisfaction, with the data acquisition methods incorporating both primary and secondary sources. This is because the data collected will be in form of questionnaires and interviews which are both quantitative and qualitative respectively (Ritchie & Lewis, 2003). The deductive approach will be used since the research will begin by the description of concepts such as the relationships between gender and the perceptions of how the work of the police, after which it will involve analysis of empirical evidence that will attempt to evaluate the gender disparities towards the work of the police. Therefore, a deductive approach will be used because the research study commences with a research hypothesis and terminates with empirical measurement, analysis, and evaluation of research findings. The research structure will entail an analysis of the available theory, followed by the formulation of the hypothesis. After that, an observation is made to confirm the already formulated hypothesis. Consequently, this social research structure will deploy the use of a top-down approach. The deductive approach is more preferable because it narrows down to a specific objective that is primarily concerned with the confirmation of the hypothesis (Simeon & Simeon, 2004). Research sample The research will be conducted in the state of Victoria. The choice of this state was based on the fact that it is one of the most populous states in Australia because it will facilitate research diversity and enhancing the accuracy of the findings. The sampling approach that will be employed will be quota sampling and convenience sampling. Quota sampling refers to a situation whereby the researcher chooses a proportion
Introduction In this research, it will be argued that the altered representations of Eastern cultures are more context-specific than western cultures. This will be seen through an analysis of alcoholic beverage posters from South Korea and Switzerland. The research Most researches often focus on theoretical analyses of Eastern versus western cultures. In other words, they may study how both groups respond to particular pictures or the biological reasons behind them. However, most of them will not examine practical applications of artistic representations such as alcoholic posters. Therefore, there is a need to offer more practical applications of the influence of culture on these representations. This paper will attempt to close that gap by studying those two separate groups and how they advertise. Findings This research involved an analysis of 20 posters from Switzerland and 23 posters from South Korea. The predominant difference between these posters was that the Swiss ads focused on the alcoholic beverage while the South Korean ads focused on the people taking alcoholic beverages. Essentially, this affirms other assertions made by scholars that Easterners are context-specific. Instead of giving the drink much attention, most of the South Korean posters focused on the human figure which is supposed to be part of the background. They are keen on backgrounds more than the actual object for which an advertisement was created. Many explanations have been given for this tendency to engage in objects amongst westerners and backgrounds among easterners and one of them is the biological one. Gutchess et. al. (105) explain that when Americans are exposed to complex scenes that possess both an object and background, the part of the brain responsible for understanding objects was activated more amongst them that it was amongst the Asians. This explains why Americans or westerners, in general, will be quite analytical about product features. They were keener on the special qualities and the focal point than the Asians were in this study. The part of the brain that looks into the properties of a specific object is not normally activated by East Asians as much as it is among Americans. Therefore, cultural differences between these two groups reflect the structural and functional difference in the way in which the brains of these two categories of people operate. This implies that some of the occurrences are quite natural and should, therefore, be treated as such. Cultural variations between the Swiss and the South Koreans can also be explained by the nature of the history between these two groups. In traditional East Asian beliefs such as Confucianism and Taoism emphasis was always placed on the interrelatedness of elements in nature (Masuda, 1261). Followers were always encouraged to sta
What is emotional intelligence? Emotional intelligence refers to the personal skills and competencies that allow one to manage his or her emotions, perceptions, and feelings and those of other individuals. The situation needs one to have the capability of coping up with other people, situations, and any environment of existence (Zeidner, Matthews & Roberts, 2012). It relates to the ability to adjust to the environment where one exists and ability to cope up with other people within the same environment. This phenomenon is mostly evident in the workplace where employees tend to have different opinions, cultures, races, ages, and other provisions that render them different. Compassion relates to the understanding of one’s self and those of other individuals. People with considerable emotional intelligence tend to get along with others efficiently and usually possess a considerable understanding of other people’s demands. Having such virtues have allowed numerous individuals and organizations to prosper. Emotional intelligence is beyond personal management and individual interest. The aspects of mutual understanding amidst the workforce are considerable in this context. Successful managers have demonstrated higher levels of emotional intelligence indicating how they work efficiently with other stakeholders within the concerned organization (Matthews, Zeidner & Roberts, 2011). This promotes the aspects of teamwork and mutual cooperation for comprehensive organizational gains. Ability to manage one’s emotions rationally contributes massively to this phenomenon. It prevents the aspects of prejudicial acts and other discriminatory moves evident among individuals. How the concept of emotional intelligence relate to an individual’s personality An individual’s personality is a constituent of numerous factors. Ability to control ones emotions and those of other individuals is a prospective component of viable personality. From this argument it is right to claim that the virtues of emotional intelligence contribute greatly to the aspects of personality and other individualistic provisions (Chapman & Hailstone, 2011). Additionally emotional intelligence allows one to recognize and nurture his or her emotions with respect to s
Development of the Thesis statement The Civil War had tremendous effects on various aspects in the American society. For instance, there was rapid industrial development which led to several changes in the way people conducted themselves. In other words, industrialisation shaped political and economic aspects in the country, as the country’s leadership was forced to allow some openness in the way public affairs were conducted. For instance, analysts called on the country’s leadership to embrace cooperation regionally and internationally. With industrialisation, factories arose, including the ones that specialised in producing steel. This forced the political class to put in place measures that would ensure easier movement of goods and services in order develop the infrastructure, particularly rail and road networks. Just as other places across the world that encountered rapid development of industries, towns in the US were forcing the rural population to migrate to the urban centres in search of ‘greener pastures’. The youthful generation had to move to urban areas that were believed to provide more employment opportunities as well as better quality of life. With these issues, the government was faced with a new challenge of maintaining law and order because of the social crimes cropping up, such as prostitution, mugging, smuggling, kidnapping, and carjacking. In other words, the state had to enact tougher laws to deal with the increasing cases of lawlessness. Things that Influenced Industrialisation It is observed that several aspects of industrialisation influenced the American society, especially in terms of political and economic organisation. First, the country is endowed with natural features, such as harbours, which facilitated the development of industries since goods were easily moved from one region to the other without inconveniences. Again, the climate has always been supportive of cash crops, something that earned the country high returns. Unlike other countries that focused so much on food crops, the US shifted its agricultural production to cash cropping during colonisation. It is noted further that entrepreneurial skills played a role in the establishing of various industries and factories in the country leading to rapid development of the economy. According to Hillstrom (2005), the new investors helped in industrialising the nation, as they opened up various economic opportunities. Even before the Civil War, the populace demanded for equal representation in government, and this serve
Although the term “propaganda” has been in the public domain for several centuries now, its use increased substantially during World War 1 and World War 2 when nations attempted to disseminate ideas, information, and rumors in an organized and deliberate endeavor to influence the public opinion. 1 In contemporary times, various players continue to use propaganda in a multiplicity of contexts with the view to influencing the public discourse through an organized and deliberate transmission of ideas and values. The present paper presents evidence and documentation to demonstrate that propaganda is indeed a social phenomenon. The debate on whether propaganda is a technique or a phenomenon has been ongoing in many scholarly and practitioner-oriented forums, with the outcomes showing little probability of achieving a middle ground. It is important to note that this paper uses Randal Marlin’s definition, which describes the concept as “the organized attempt through communication to affect belief or action or inculcate attitudes in a large audience in ways that circumvent or suppress an individual’s adequately informed, rational, reflective judgment.” 2 This definition
A lot of people do not provide the strict distinction between their career and their personal life because the workplace often becomes the analogue of the person’s home. From this point, it is important for people to work within the comfortable environments based on the principles of cooperation and support. Many Americans spend the biggest part of their life at their workplaces; that is why the particular features of the organizational communication within the concrete company can be discussed as influential factors for forming the person’s positive attitude to the work and increasing the average performance. KCTS Public Television is the organization which tries to correlate the effective internal structure with the positive development of the external interactions because of the company’s specialization. In spite of the fact KCTS Public Television as an organization reflects the norms of the bureaucratic model developed by Max Weber, the company combines the features of the Weber’s authority types with the peculiarities of Mary Parker Follett’s theory of organization and with the principles of the horizontal communication. Although the bureaucratic theory, humanistic approach, and the principles of horizontal communication have few similarities in their character, KCTS Public Television develops its organizational communication orienting to the best strategies’ features. Thus, it is necessary to examine the application of the mentioned theories and approaches to KCTS Public Television’s organizational practice in detail. The organizational activities of KCTS Public Television are based on the idea to create the positive environment for employees in order to achieve the higher results and perform effectively. This approach is also relevant for the company’s strategy in working with clients. The friendly and supportive atmosphere is the characteristic feature of the organization. However, the high performance of employees at all the stages of the company’s hierarchy is possible when this hierarchy is organized and controlled effectively. KCTS Public Television is a rather unique example of the strongly organized hierarchy where the accents are made more on the horizontal communication than on downward or upward communication styles. The reasons for the fact can be explained from the point of the company’s specialization. To complete the purposes and achieve the definite corporate goals, the functions should differentiated and results should be controlled, but paying attention to the creative component of the work, the cooperation is also significant in the company. The theories which can be applied to KCTS Public Television are Max Weber’s bureaucratic model based on the sociologist’s types of authority and the bridging theory of organization based on the humanistic origins in managing people and their behaviour (Mumby, 2012). Furthermore, the concept of the organizational communication in relation to the structure of KCTS Public Television should be discussed with references to the idea of horizontal communication according to which employees are i
Introduction It is crucial for courses of World History to cover ideas that have challenged or criticized beliefs accepted by society. Regardless of whether these points were, or are, correct, their existence is a valid subject of investigation because they allow one to explore the different thought processes that people of various eras engaged in. One book that examines the history of critics of the status quo is Flat Earth: The History of an Infamous Idea by Christine Garwood. Garwood’s work collects and reviews information about people who lived over a multitude of periods but were united by one idea – that the Earth is flat. The author focuses on those particular individuals with the most recognized voices in the debate against a round Earth, and includes older findings and theories that people held. The present review will examine the book’s contents, as well as Garwood’s point of view, and argues that this work is a valuable addition to any World History course because of its attentive and focused narrative. Historical Events In Flat Earth, Garwood looks at the various points of view in the discussion of the Earth being flat to illustrate how this debate has evolved over time. The author starts with a prologue, which challenges the idea that all medieval people believed the Earth to be flat. 1 Moreover, she states that the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan, which he led in 1522, was the key event that greatly weakened the arguments against a round Earth. 2 In this part of the book, Garwood attempts to display how people treated beliefs about a flat Earth before the influence of technology and progress, and bases the changes in people’s views on their interpretation of the story that Columbus was the one to introduce and support the idea that the Earth was round. 3 In the first chapter of the book, Garwood discusses the impact of religion on flat Earth theories. Here, she provides quotes from the Bible and shows how its interpretation could lead to one supporting the flat Earth idea. Garwood also points out the beliefs of Aristotle and the overall prevalence of the acceptance of a flat Earth in Ancient Greece. While the previous chapter focused on Columbus, this one reviews ancient philosophers, and the religion that was subsequently influenced by Greco-Roman traditions – Christianity. Nonetheless, the author repeats her thesis from the prologue that people in the “Da