ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Corporal or violent punishment, as the word implies, is imposing a punishment once a child or a person committed a serious mistakes. In the classroom setting and home setting, violent punishments are usually in the form of spanking the child on his/her buttocks and some are spanking the hands. Normally the teachers’ or parents’ bare hands or sometimes a small stick is being used to facilitate the said form of punishment – the action form of violent punishment. Meanwhile, it is usually in the homes where the verbal form of punishment takes place. Bad words and shouting at the child are the most common forms of punishments by most mothers who find it hard to control their emotions. Whatever the form of corporal punishment is imposed, I am firmed with the idea that corporal punishment should not be given to a child, specially in schools, because it will not only harm the child physically, but also emotionally and psychologically. Children will be affected emotionally in the form of losing confidence and having the inability to socialize. Their psychological state will also be affected in the form of having doubts about themselves and will always fear being hit or punished if ever they do something. First Argument The schools should not allow corporal punishment as it will affect the child’s mental health in a way that it prevents the child’s ability to develop emotionally. Such forms of punishments are aimed at not merely punishing the child because he/she has committed a mistake but also to instill to the child’s mind that what he/she has done is wrong and that it should not be done again (Newton, 2001). Without the corporal punishment, the students do not learn the real value of discipline and they do not maintain proper conduct. The students who did not receive any corporal punishment when they were still on their younger years tend to have deviant behaviors as they grow older. Second Argument Meanwhile, there are also studies which have proven that corporal punishment offers nothing but negative effects to both the psychological and emotional aspects of a child thereby putting negative effects on the continuing education. Some of the proven negative impacts of corporal punishment are:  1. The corporal punishment in th
Nickelodeon established its name as a cable channel of choice for kids aged 2 to 11 years old since its inception in 1978. It was, however, acquired by the entertainment powerhouse Vacom in 1986. Nickelodeon sought to increase variety of its products and went beyond the ordinary cartoons which were common among kids’ channels. The extra programs included sports and game shows, comedy, drama, live-action, animation and music. This increased the firm’s market share as well as its ratings, making it the most popular kids’ television channel in the United States by 1986. Consequently, the firm aimed at expanding its services to incorporate the international market. Customization of the products to fit the local markets became the entry strategy for its global ventures. As a result, each foreign branch came up with its unique slogan and did most of its shows in local languages. Channels were launched by a special dedicated team comprising only of staff loyal to the brand. It is important to note that Nickelodeon had made brand loyalty part of its corporate culture. Consequently, each branch they opened was successful and by 1998 Nickelodeon was operating in over 30 countries. Due to the increased pressure to venture into new markets, Taran Swan who was the
Introduction Marketing communication has become an integral part of product and services. The process of incoming current consumers and prospective consumers is among the key competencies’ of any company, a successful marketing communication mix will most likely contribute in boosting sales and revenues (Yeshin,1998. 1-16) A company’s communication mix may have a lot of elements that all gear effort towards delivering messages to consumers it is therefore important that different elements of the marketing mix work together and produce the same net effect that is in line with overall marketing and corporate objectives and therefore for this to happen the marketing department of any organization must work together and develop these messages carefully. Nevertheless, it is vital that management of any company comes up with a comprehensive plan that will enable the company communicate product attributes effectively to the consumers (Kotler 2003, 88). It is important that once a company comes up with a product it goes ahead to define its target market and consequently set marketing objectives, communication objectives, creative strategy and media strategy which are relevant tactics that will go into making the strategy a success and an overall control mechanism that will correct any shortcomings as far as marketing communication is concerned (Hummer 1997, 45). Therefore when a company conducts its research and gathers all practical and theoretical data pertaining to the creation of an integrated marketing model then the company can go forward to form channels of communicating better with its clients. Ambiguous results from advertisement campaigns have led marketers to consider adopting other facets of promotion in order to realize marketing communication objectives (Kitchen 2005, 13). Integrated marketing communication model A good integrated marketing communication program should therefore aim to: identifying target audiences, analyzing the situation, setting marketing communications objectives, developing strategies and tactics, setting a budget and finally evaluating the effectiveness of the campaign (Claudia 2009 4-15) From the above diagram it is clear that the message sent must be customized specifically to reach the target audience and therefore bring desired results for the sender. Therefore the aim of the message is it to inform, remind, persuade, instill loyalty, improve on image, or encourage a trial purchase hence, it should be made in such a way that it will identify with the specific target market that includes consumers of the service or product. (Baumol & Alan 2007 46). A situation analysis in marketing communications goes ahead to take a look at the current position that the comp
What were the dates in which the African Burial Ground (NPS) was in active use? The African Burial Ground (ABG) was in use in the period beginning from 1690 to about 1794. The ABG was set aside for the sole purpose of providing a final resting place for Africans, both free and enslaved. The ABG site was discovered in 1991 when a construction project was ongoing. Why was the burial ground located at this site? The ABG came to be located at its current site due to a number of factors. First, all city residents in the New York area during the 1600s were buried at a public cemetery. The unrestricted cemetery was free for all people, including confined individuals, but payment was accrued by all those who buried their dead in this site. However, the Trinity Church later took control of the burial site and proceeded to prohibit the burial of people of African descent in this area. Following this ban, a new cemetery that was exclusively used for both enslaved and free African Americans was sought. The new burial location was in the outskirts of the city of New York next to the Collect Pond. After it was commissioned, the area was known as ‘Negro’s Burial Ground.’ The area was approximately six acres in size, and it was located in a valley. In addition, the land that was used for the burial site was privately owned. Later on, the burial site was turned into a landfill with the anticipation of commercial development. What does this site tell us about slavery in colonial America? The ABG site contains a lot of history concerning the institution of slavery during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The site was considered holy by the Africans who buried their ancestors there. The excavators at ABG discovered the remains of about four hundred African Americans. This arrangement shows that the early Africans took time to prepare for the burials of their loved ones. In addition, this burial arrangement eliminates the possibility of mass burials during the early days of slavery. The site also reveals a high number of children who were buried during this period. About fifty percent of the studied persons in the ABG were kids who were below the age of maturity. Consequently, it is apparent that African families were faced with a high infant mortality rate as a result of several known and unknown factors. The ABG site is considered to be one of the largest burial sites for enslaved people in the United States. Therefore, it is apparent that African Americans played a major role in the history of New York. Previously, slavery was thought to be a preserve of the American south. However, the discovery of the massive burial site in Manhattan is an indicator that slavery was thriving in New York. Alongside the buried bodies, a large collection of artifacts was discovered during the excavation. Most of these artifacts are very important in helping to unearth the origins of the very first African Americans in New York. For instance, in most instances, African Americans maintained traditi
Benefits Communication and social networking at any of its level is an important issue in the history and tradition of any society irrespective of its level of development. The case of Mike Sterling shows that communication and effective interaction is a core of any business (Canary et al 2003) The potential benefits of the strategy and policies are improve communication quality and better information sharing. As it has already been mentioned, communication between individuals and groups is usually indissolubly related to social responsibility of these people and groups to the society they live and operate within because all of their interactions to this or that degree influence the social life. When we consider social responsibility in the context of communication, it is necessary to emphasize upon three angles of this question: individual level of social responsibility, interpersonal communication in the context of social responsibility, and finally, group communication and social responsibility which in many situations can be made equal to corporate social responsibility (if organizations are contemplated). And thus, all these three angles will be discussed hereinafter (Wood, 2003). Also, change will allow user to share expertise experience, save time & money. There exists such a notion as individual social responsibility. This notion implies the individual becoming responsible in one’s actions which may have some kind of effect upon communities outside one’s immediate circle (which is one’s family and friends). In other words, the individual is always included in the community one lives in, and individual social responsibility will mean interest towards all events which happen within the community, as well as active participation in solving the problems of the community. What is more, improve job satisfaction also includes donations of the individual for different society purposes. But new communication does not only include donations and participation in the social life, but also ethical behaviour. Ethical behaviour derives from individual knowledge as for what is right and wrong (Knapp and Vangelisti 2004). Risks Potential risks are lack of anonymity, potential of misuse of information and inappropriate sharing of sensitive information. If the question arises concerning the practicability of social networking, this appears, that for the most people this question of responsibility is indeed practical, because most of the population in the US (two-thirds, in particular) support their behaviour by decisions which rely on their understanding of what is good and bad. Individual interests are promoted by people but to the degree their realization does not harm other members of the society. Thus, it is evident, that this theory of communication states that any individual is supposed to take an active part in the life of the society, but not to concentrate on oneself only, for if all people unite and behave in an ethical way and act for the benefit of all society members irrespective of their background, but not act
The processes of staffing and recruiting should be considered in terms of how those processes impact the composition of the workforce eventually hired. Many organizations are obligated to comply with equal employment and affirmative action (AA) requirements so that certain classes of people, especially minority members, women, and disabled individuals, are not discriminated against in hiring practices. Findings of unlawful employment discrimination can lead to costs in court settlements, bad publicity, and employee ill will. Finally, once applicants for positions have been attracted to the organization, they must be evaluated and assessed in terms of their relative fitness for assuming the duties of the open position. There are a variety of selection devices that can be used for this purpose. In the hiring process, ethical issues are important as they determine rights and ensure equal treatment of job seekers. By far the most common selection device is the personal interview. In this intentional conversation, the interviewer supposedly gathers sufficient information about the applicant to render an assessment of the person’s qualifications. There are a variety of other, more effective selection devices available for selecting job applicants. These methods include work samples, paper and pencil tests, assessment centers, structured interviews, and biodata. Generally, these methods require the applicant to demonstrate the skills and abilities necessary for successful job performance. Providing the talent needed to perform the work of the organization is a critical human resources task. The position of customer service representative involves servicing and selling a variety of products to customers. There is a large amount of direct customer contact, either in person or over the phone. The service representative is expected to learn about all the products offered. As part of customer servicing, the service rep may be involved in product returns or handling customer complaints (Schuler, 1998). In discussing ethics and social responsibility issues as it applies to the hiring process, three words (ethics, morals, and ethical) will be frequently used. Ethics means the system or code of human conduct, with the emphasis on the determination of what is right and wrong. With these three definitions in mind, the next step is to apply them to defining ethical conduct. Ethical conduct, however, goes beyond legality and is more comprehensive. If Ethical behavior is legal behavior plus some other element, then it is important that this additional element be identified, if possible. ethics and codes of ethics are important for the modern workplace because they determine organizational behavior patterns and establish positive culture and relations. Acting as a top-level manager, I can say that ethics is crucial for the workplace because it determines the values and principles of organizational behavior. At first blush, many people will probably agree that this additional element is the collection of moral principles and values of what is right and what is wrong and what is good and what is bad, as determined by group behavior or by some member of the group.
Introduction It is an expectation that immigrants should assimilate into the culture and society of the country of which they wish to be part. This assimilation process involves becoming a contributing member of the society, adopting beliefs held by the society, speaking the native language and also changing names to one that fits within the new society. For many decades, name changing remained an important practice for immigrants in the United States. However, is it practical to change one’s original name to fit in the American culture? Does name changing bring with it any economic, social or political advantages? An article titled “Renouncing Personal Names: An Empirical Examination of Surname Change and Earnings” by Mahmood Arai and Peter Skogman argues that name change can give a person an economic edge and hence improve his economic position. This article intends to concur with the argument that name changing can actually give an immigrant a great advantage as compared to retaining of the original ethnic names. Arguments for Tracing Name changing can be traced as far back as the 18 th Century. Immigrants changed their names after arrival for their own, benefits. A good example is Charles Steinweg who had emigrated from Germany as a piano maker. He changed his name to Charles Steinway. Tom Lee is another immigrant who successfully changed his name from Wong Ah Ling. He was later appointed unofficial mayor for Chinatown in Manhattan. The reasons behind each decision for name change vary for each individual. However, the end of the whole process leads to a positive reason (Roberts 23). Given the factors surrounding the phenomenon of name changing, it is advisable that immigrants into the United States of America adopt this for their own good. The real question, however, is why should they change their names? Would this impact on their cultural disposition? Economic viability To begin with, those advocating for retaining of original names base their argument on the fact that changed names lead to problems in tracing. It is necessary that one finds a belonging where he can have time and association with other people sharing his culture. This would help in maintaining and sustaining the culture of the country of origin within the country of residence. Furthermore, tracing helps in statistical purposes for the government. Arguments against In addition, they argue that changing names is a hectic activity that requires too much time and money and yet one could retain his name and proudly belong to his ethnicity. During the 80’s and 70’s, civil rights movements legitimized ethnical groups and further campaigned for in-group pride. This ensured that most immigrants felt proud of their ethnic backgrounds. For instance, it requires US$210 to acquire a name change from a State Supreme Court or US$ 65 to have your name changed from a Civil Court. In New York alone, there were more than 500 requests for name change in June 2010 alone
Abstract Nucor is a renounced organization in steel. Thus, it is essential to understand and evaluate its working process and opportunities. The paper would evaluate its production based on its Economic characteristics, and this would be followed by its Business characteristics. To attain this goal, Michael Porter’s Five Forces of Competition model would be enforced and analyzed in the context of Nucor. Then the types of Generic Strategies of Nucor would be studies, followed by the reality of Investment opportunity in Nucor from the perspective of investors. Summary In the year 1998, Nucor Corporation recorded sales of $4.3billion in steel and steel-related products. In the year 1972, the firm was renamed Nucor. Nucor also demonstrates a dedicated technological focus. With expenses for scrap metal climbing, production outlay for steel to amplifies. A large fraction of steel revenues is resultant of the large purchasers. Switching costs for purchasers are low. The threat of substitutes is fairly low in the steel sector. The rivalry scenario in the steel industry is intense. Here also, steel importation creates massive competition amongst companies as imported steel can time and again be procured for more economical prices. It divulges no plans of expanding beyond steel and steel-related products. Economic and Business Perspectives Nucor is recognized in the market as a Fortune 500 corporation with a strength of more than 6,900 employees. In the year 1998, it recorded sales of $4.3billion in steel and steel-related products. (Pederson, 2006) The company’s chairman, F. Kenneth Iverson, had been leading the firm for over 30 years. During his occupancy of the chairmanship, the steel markets faced numerous problems, incorporating overseas competition, stressed labor affairs, and dipping demand for steel (associated in part with the changeover to alternative materials). Regardless of these tough market challenges, Nucor’s performance under Iverson’s leadership climbed up at an annual compound rate of approximately 17 percent per annum (Pederson, 2006). Nucor has established its varied services in rural areas throughout the United States, instituting healthy relationships with the local societies and its own labor force. As one of the foremost recruiters, along with the capability of paying excellent wages, it drew reliable, dedicated, and ready-to-toil employees. These issues also enabled Nucor to choose from among contending conditions, positioning its operations in locations that presented a tax structure that was conducive for business growth and legislative policies that endorsed the firm’s pledge to continue as a union-free outfit. By the year 1998, Nucor and its auxiliaries comprised nine businesses, possessing 25 plants. These businesses included the following: Nucor Steel, Nucor-Yamato Steel Company, Vulcraft, Nucor Cold Finish, Nucor Fastener, Nucor Bearing Products, Inc., Nucor Building Systems, Nucor Grinding Balls, and Nucor Wire (Pederson, 2006). Nucor was at the beginning founded by Ranson E. Olds in the year 1897. On the brink of bankruptcy, Nuclear Corp. of America was set up in 1955, subsequent to unification with the Reo Truck Com
The first Tim Hortons restaurant was opened in 1964 in Hamilton, Ontario. Ever since that time the chain of Tim Hortons restaurants is focused on good quality products, always fresh meals, successful leadership and excellent service. These features are the base of the company’s great success today. Over the time the chain of Tim Hortons restaurants has grown into one of the world’s strongest competitors in the fast food market. The chain specializes on serving good quality coffee, having exceptional bakery and providing the customers with a variety of baked goods and also selling home style lunches. Nowadays, Tom Hortons is one of the biggest companies of Canada with a fairly deserved iconic brand status. The strategy of Tim Hortons restaurants is to develop high customer loyalty and cooperate with communities and franchises of the region where it operates. In order to maintain the guest loyalty, the restaurants are determined to satisfy the rapidly changing tastes and preferences of their clients. Tim Hortons chain is known for its excellently brewed coffee, the selection of types, flavors and blends of Tim Hortons coffees is large. Today, the restaurants serve a wide range of cappuccinos, hot chocolates, teas of various kinds, home style soups, fresh sandwiches and baked goods such as bagels, donuts, pastries, muffins, cookies and croissants. Tim Hortons restaurants are open twenty four hours a day, they sell take away meals and have dining rooms. These restaurants operate in conventional locations such as shopping malls, as well as unconventional ones such as gas stations, universities, airports and hospitals. Tim Hortons’ strategy is to be flexible and fit anywhere. Burger King was founded in 1954 in Miami, Florida. This company operates and franchises a large number of fast food hamburger restaurants all around the world. Today, it is number two in the list of the biggest chains of hamburger restaurants all around the world. Statistically, by 2013 the chain included thirteen thousand six hundred and sixty seven restaurants in over ninety five countries. Nearly fifty per cent of these restaurants are situated outside of the territory of the United States and Canada. Among the food items presented by Burger King restaurants there are burgers prepared on a grill, sandwiches of various kinds, soft drinks, French fries. The most recognized and demanded Burger King product is WHOPPER, a burger sandwich that was first introduced in 1957. The company is proud of its cost efficient and very qui