ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary Kaufland is a leading retail chain in the EU with a primary focus on eastern and central European countries. It has over 1,300 stores and 150,000 employees. The company is part of Schwarz Gruppe, with significant material resources to rely upon. In March 2019, Kaufland made ventures to enter the Australian market, which is a Red Sea market with high levels of competition. Despite that, the company has a specific set of qualities that would enable it to compete for customer favor and market share. To be successful, Kaufland is required to promote its brand name, establish a reliable supply chain and focus on providing the most value for customers, at affordable prices. Introduction Globalization allows many enterprises to expand and reach out to different external markets, thus extending their influence, potential, and market share. However, for every chance to succeed in the global market there is a chance to fail. Preparation and understanding of one’s internal and external environments, as well as strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise, would make the critical difference between failure and success. Kaufland is a large international market chain with many assets scattered across different countries in the world. Since March 2019, the company has received permission to open up multiple shops in Australia, signifying the coming of the multinational giant into the local market. 1 The purpose of this study is to analyze various internal, external, and market factors surrounding the company’s arrival at the new market and provide recommendations to ensure success. Historical Background Kaufland is a private retail brand, operating hypermarket chains in different countries of the world. The company originated in Germany, established by Joseph Schwarz in 1984, and has since expanded to the majority of countries in eastern Europe. It is a part of the greater Schwarz Gruppe of retail brands, with the possession of over 1,300 stores
Management is establishment of clear rule or regulations upon which people are supposed to adhere or act according to them. It forms the regulations for governance. For instance, a parent would wish to setup house regulations, which in most cases are broken due to their implication to the negative aspects. On the other hand, discipline traits encourage rather than force action. It is human nature to avoid recognizing the negative words of instructing such as “do not, cannot or must not”. (Foong, 2007) For example, stopping someone from doing what is inappropriate triggers their mind to doing it unless when provided with an appropriate alternative. For example if a parent say “stop watching television now”, this cannot work well compared to, “stop watching television now, and help in preparation of dinner”. The second option has an alternative that triggers discipline. The main difference between behaviour and management depends on ones lifestyle. Well-managed lifestyle does not necessarily translate to enjoyable life compared to supportive behaviours that always translates to happiness, confidence, and responsibility. People always want to seek acceptance for what they do but not management. The disappointments and frustration brought about by failure needs support or guidance but not rules. Discipline consequently encourages while management may appear as a force towards what is right. Discipline initiates well managed behaviour, for instance, a child learns the best way of communicating from family members, friends or teachers through imitation of their behaviours. Children brought up in a morally acceptable manner knowing what is acceptable and what is not, have good behaviours. Most parents will experience resistance over what is right when the children start learning to be independent. This is a normal part of development because children will try to find their identity but regardless of the situations, the discipline implanted in their early ages remains firm and an important guidance over good and evil. According to Foong (2007), this is the reason why children come back to the parent for the love and approval of behaviour. It is therefore very important for parents to show children love but strongly indicate disagreement over indiscipline. Behaviours are human reactions or responses to circumstances, to others or situations. A person reacts in a good manner with the aim of gaining control. One learns good behaviours in accordance with the keys instrumental circumstances of growth. Behaviour enables one to associate positive signals with the aim of receiving an intrinsically rewarding stimulus. A human being can work tireless in accordance to stipulated measures to obtain the reward of a paycheck. Contrary, misbehaviour is negative reactions due to pressure from possibility of failures or forces of thinking unnaturally for instance unhappiness triggers anxiety causing someone to act in a manner that enables them to gain some form of happiness. The similari
Pathophysiology Asthma is typically defined as a chronic disease that affects the patient’s airways, impeding the process of breathing (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2014). The understanding of how asthma is developed and by what factors it is triggered has been altered significantly over the past few years. At present, the pathophysiology of the disease is rather intricate since several conditions have been identified as the leading causes of asthma. For instance, “Bronchospasms, edema, excessive mucus, and epithelial and muscle damage” (Lynn & Kushto-Reese, 2015, p. 49) are typically viewed as the key contributors to asthma development in patients (Lynn & Kushto-Reese, 2015). Each of the conditions listed above causes the development of bronchoconstriction with bronchospasms, therefore, making airways narrow (Lynn & Kushto-Reese, 2015). As a result, the premises for an asthma attack are created (see Appendix A). It should be borne in mind, though, that the degree of disease variation in patients hinges on not the symptoms but the age thereof, as a recent study indicates (Kudo, Ishigatsubo, & Aoki, 2013). For instance, in children under 6, the development of the disease is typically preceded by the asthma-like symptoms that manifest themselves roughly at the age of three (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). A deficit in lung function can be observed in the identified group of patients at the age of 11-16. The force expiratory volume, however, remains consistent. The observations mentioned above are strikingly different from the ones carried out in a group of children that developed asthma after the age of three. Particularly, the specified patients did not show the propensity toward the development of lung function deficit (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2014). Genomic Issues Asthma is currently viewed as a disease induced by both environmental and genetic factors. Therefore, understanding
Introduction Joaquin Murrieta is one of California’s legendary people whose life history revolves around many controversial issues. It is not very clear about who he really was, about his life encounters and his life in general. To begin with, many people often argue about Murrieta’s birth. Some say he was born in Mexico, others say he was born in Ouillota while others say he was born in Chile. The allegation of Chile as His birthplace is mainly because he supported Chileans while they were in war. In this case, some people believe that he sided with Chileans because he was born in Chile. Murrieta moved to California mainly because he went to search for fortune during gold rush in the country. Despite all the conflicting events about Murrieta, his legend is still essential in California’s history. Apparently, Murrieta had committed several criminal activities before he died. His criminal activities started when he lost both his wife and his brother. This happened while they were all in California. Murrieta, his wife and his brother were all gold miners in California though it was only for a short time. Initially, everything went well for them until the day when they met their tragedy. All along, their mining activity did not please some American miners who were jealous of them. Eventually, the American miners were able to get rid of them by killing Murrieta’s wife and brother. The turn of events did not favor Murrieta who never got justice from the Californian courts. Murrieta was determined to take vengeance upon those who killed his wife and brother. Regardless of not getting assistance from the courts, Murrieta did not give up and so he went ahead with his revenge plans. He, therefore, joined a gang of five men who robbed and murdered many people. Murrieta and his gang group robbed people of their cattle, horses and money. The gang did all that because they were fighting for rights that were denied by the Californian courts. The criminal actions of Murrieta’s gang were also fueled by discrimination which dominated most parts of California. Minority groups like the Mexicans were treated with contempt and were not respected by the white men. Gradually, Mexicans started to oppose the discrimination that they got from the white men. Murrieta’s gang was also able to influence Mexicans into the Chicano movement that dealt with several issues. The objective of this paper is to address the general life and struggles of Joaquin Murrieta with an emphasis on how they were instruments of influence for the Chicano movement of the 50s 60s and 70s. Murrieta’s life Considering the legend, Murrieta’s birthplace was in Mexico although he left the country and migrated to California.
The value of Apple and Samsung smartphone and tablet market is estimated to be $200 billion. Apple is a dominant player in the smartphone market. However, Samsung has devised strategies which have enabled it acquire a significant share in the Smartphone and tablet market. This state of affairs has made Apple to experience a significant decline in its sales. This is because Samsung is manufacturing products that have similar features and specifications with Apple’s products. It has incorporated distinct features in mobile phones which have made the company to emerge as the best mobile manufacture in the world. However, Samsung has found itself on the wrong side of the law after infringing various patents that belong to Apple. Apple made accusations against Samsung when it incorporated the iPad and iPhone technologies in its Smartphones and tablets. Samsung was therefore asked to pay Apple $2.5 billion for infringing its patents. On the other hand, Samsung also sued Apple for infringing on its patents and it asked Apple to pay it $399 million for patent infringement (Fitzsimmons , 2012). However, after a month of trial, the jury stipulated that Samsung had infringed Apple’s patents and it was supposed to pay $1.05 billion to Apple for the damages caused. This amount was dropped from $2 billion after the jury found inconsistencies in the ruling. The jury also rejected Samsung’s countersuit. Samsung was found guilty for various types of patent infringement on different products that Apple manufactured. For example, Samsung Epic 4G and Galaxy SIII were the biggest violators. In this case, Samsung was supposed to pay Apple $143 million for damages. Therefore, Samsung was accused of stealing Apple’s designs and technologies which made iPhones and iPads to be successful in the mobile phone industry (Lawler, 2012). Apple succeeded when the jury ruled that Apple’s patents were valid. However, Samsung thought that it would erode the claims that had been made by Apple. This is because Samsung thought that the jury would argue against stealing unique designs and technologies. The various technology patents that Samsung was accused of stealing include “pinch and zoom,” “bounce-back” and “tap and zoom”. Samsung also violated Apple’s Patents which covered iPhone and iPad designs. The jury ruled that Samsung knew the consequences of its actions. Samsung’s intentions of duplicating Apple’s designs and technologies were therefore clear. (Fitzsimmons, 2012). However, studies reveal that the manner in which Apple became successful from the ruling will have a crucial impact on the technology industry in future (Lawler, 2012). From the analysis therefore, it is evident that Samsung had violated Apple’s copyrights. As a result, the jury was right by making Samsung to pay for the damages that it caused to Apple. This kind of patent infringement is demoralizing. This is because it can make a company to become less creative for fear of losing its copyrights to competitors. A company that becomes victim to patent infringement can also incur huge losses. This is because its products would start losing valu
Introduction An object-oriented database, also known as a database model is made up of data in form of entities that are commonly used by programmers in the object-oriented form of encoding. The database management system, therefore, presents object-oriented databases as a niche of the other data management fields such as the relational database management system. Current systems mainly use the client-server applications where the database is on the server. According to InterSystems (2005), this form of setup requires relational database management systems (RDBMS) as the data store and object-oriented program for its language development. This means having an object-oriented database management system that can cater to relationships. The main disadvantage of having this form of setup lies in the need to have various objects linked to the database instead of having consistency between the database and the programming model. Overview of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS) OODBMS occurs because programmers use a combination of database management principles such as consistency, durability, atomicity, and isolation. It also caters to various object-oriented programming aspects such as polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance (Bloor, 2003). This form of combination promotes the impromptu formation and management of large databases. OODBMS, therefore, supports objects that are almost impossible to differentiate from the object supported by objective programming language. According to Bloor (2003), “Subsequent objects in a database should have similar atomic t
Ballet appeared as a distinctive form of dance in Italy sometimes before the sixteenth century. It initially involved movements, music and special effects that were integrated together. The first dance that was performed in France was organized by Balthasar de Beaujoyeux, a violinist and it was known as The Comic Queen Ballet (Lee, 40). This became the production of the dance, the court ballet ( ballet de cour ), and an earlier and initial version of the current / modern ballet. This production influenced a sixteenth century entertainment known as masque in an English court that was characterized by dance interludes (Lee, 91). In 1588 Orchesographie became the first piece on ballet dancing. The major ballet dance development occurred in the 17 th century in France. During the initial stages of this development at around 1610, the divertissements scenes came into being and resulted into the grand ballet . In 1661 and 1669 the Royal Ballet Academy and the Royal Music Academy respectively were founded by Louis XIV (Lee, 66). The Royal Music Academy later transformed into the Paris Opera to later become the foremost National Ballet School in 1672 ( Lee, 71). The performances were mainly carried out by male dancers in which the female roles were played by boys in masks and wigs (Lee, 53). The first ballet of a kind that incorporated trained female was the 1681 Triumph of Love that involved music by Lully. During this period until 1708, ballet continued to be a court display and involved drama or opera. This was followed by the first public performance commissioning of ballet (Lee, 58). Afterwards, ballet was infused with new ideas which saw it develop as a distinct art. However, the court ballet maintained its historic conventions. It is during these times that they saw the beginning of the choreographic notes and the legendary themes. A ballet school based in Italy brought in great influence that resulted in more elevated movements while the horizontal movements became less. The five classic positions of a dancer’s feet were developed by Beauchamps (Lee, 75). These positions form the strength of the dancer’s movement and stance. There was a shift from earlier cumbersome costumes to newly designed ones that allowed for greater and unrestricted movement. Some of them include slippers, short tight skirt as well as heelless shoes. This style became popular from the second century courtesy of Duncan Isadora. It was not until 18 th century when d’action principles were brought about in the letters on ballets and dancing by ballet master (Lee, 110). His intentions were to shape ballet in such a way that it tells story with music, dance and décor as aiding tools. He wanted more of a dance, facial and body expressions. To emphasize on naturalism, Noverre abolished the use of mask at around 1773. This was followed by other ma
Introduction The Internet has transformed the face of almost every activity around the globe. It provides a venue through which people from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds interact and share ideas. Mobile phones and PC manufacturers have devised game apps designed to help people interact as they make fun. Games are certain types of apps fixed in mobile phones and PC that are designed to stimulate fun. The topic of games having an interaction value has sparked heated debate among scholars with some experts asserting that games are only meant to provide fun to the players (Cole and Griffiths 561). Others, however, claim that games ease communication and interaction between the players thus bringing people from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. This paper seeks to prove the view that mobile games stimulate communication between the players thus bringing cohesiveness among them. In the achievement of the stated purpose, the paper shall report the findings from a research work previously carried out by the author using both the quantitative and the qualitative methods of research. The paper shall compare the findings of the author with the findings from other scholars to support the view that games act as a medium for communication between the stakeholders involved. Literature review Castronova found that games brought together individuals from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds due to the similarity in the goals of each member (56). All the players share a common interest, which is to maximize their overall winnings. To achieve the stated objective, they need to interact and share ideas on how to play the games to guarantee their continuous winnings. During the interaction, the players share skills and resources to maximize their playing skills. The players interact through social media such as Facebook, Twitter, emails, and WhatsApp. Each player tends to prove his/her exceptional skills regarding playing the particular game in question. Since the players come from different cultural backgrounds, their interaction facilitates inter-cultural communication. Kobayashi states that games promote cohesiveness between the players who seek to maximize their play skills through the sharing of ideas with the other players (546). The players often form a group on social media that facilitate the sharing of skills and ideas regarding the effective playing of the different games. The players establish a bond that facilitates their interaction hence promoting cohesiveness. In other cases, the players establish two or more competing groups and act like competitors. The winning group is acknowledged by the others or even rewarded at the expense of the losing groups. The interaction between the players when the competition is ongoing is a common phenom
Pearl is a medieval poem that originated in the fourteenth century. The poem was written by a devoted Christian author and explores a variety of different themes via an interaction of the narrator (the dreamer), and the person he encounters in his vision—the Pearl maiden. This paper argues that the views of the dreamer and the maiden differ, due to the dissimilar nature of his materialistic perspective and her immaterial life. In the initial part of the poem, the narrator finds himself in a beautiful garden. He sees a pool; everything he observes, he perceives as marvelously amazing and describes the beauty of his surroundings using wording that can be mainly associated with material wealth and riches. For example, the following quote is his description of the pool: “Each pebble set there in that pool / was an emerald, sapphire, or goodly gem, / that all the water with light did gleam,— / the glamour was so wondrous rare” (x). The poet’s idea of the marvelously beautiful place is associated with gemstones. When it comes to the description of the maiden, the narrator states that “glistening white was her rich robe” (xiv), again emphasizing the material value. Further, the robe is described in detail as particularly unique and wonderful due to being covered in pearls, and the maiden herself is recognized by the narrator as his daughter who died as a child. The maiden is described as an adult woman, who turns out to be married to the Lord of Heaven and wears a crown of margarites; she is constantly associated with pearls; in that way, it is possible to theorize that the poet uses pearls as a symbol of holiness, uniqueness, and Heaven. The other items of wealth, such as gems and gold, may symbolize joy. It is possible to state that the dreamer sees the world’s value as that of things one can or cannot have. However, his first interaction with the Pearl maiden reveals that her vision of valuables is very different. She scolds him for mourning his loss for too long, and says that blaming his faith for taking away his daughter was unwise, and instead of her casket, he should have cherished the memories of her and the life he still had to live. Besides, she explains that she is not a unique pearl in Heaven, and everyone who gets there becomes royal, just like herself. The dreamer is baffled by this fact, and finds it difficult to understand because, in his world, a king or a queen is, literally, one in a million. Moreover, the maiden explains that the fact the dreamer can see her does not mean that he belongs to her world: “through dreary death each man must pass, / ere God dee