ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Under the analysis of Apple Inc’s economic principles, this paper will analyze the concept of capital asset prices. The main contributions and limitations of the model will be illuminated. Introduction The capital assets prices model was developed to illustrate the way prices of a risk is informed by the influence of investors’ preferences and the physical characteristics of the capital assets. It shows the relationship between an asset’s price and the risks associated with it. At the time of its development, economist lacked enough microeconomic theory to explain the conditions of risks in the capital market (Boyes & Melvin, 2006). Consequently, it was difficult to link the price of Apple’s Incorporation’s asset and the risk associated with it (Krugman & Wells, 2009). Literature review The company was initiated as “Apple Computer” in 1976. It started on a high note with stable brand, high profit rate and rapid growth, before experiencing the worst periods, which led to the decline in its profitability. “The company, incorporated January 3, 1977, was known as “Apple Computer, Inc.” for its first 30 years. On January 9, 2007, the company dropped “Computer” from its corporate name, reflecting the company’s ongoing expansion into the consumer electronics market in addition to its traditional focus on personal computers” (Apple Inc., 2008, par. 2). According to Krugman and Wells, after the decline in business, one of the company’s founders called Jobs, embarked on the reconstruction of the company (Krugman & Wells, 2009). The two scholars ascertained that this made the name changed to “Apple Inc” in 2000, where the focus was on sophisticated technology and innovation of non-PC products (Krugman & Wells, 2009). The company designs, manufactures electronics and many other software products. Some of the company products include the iPhone, iPod and Macintosh. As well, the software includes Mac OS X, Final Cut Studio, iLife, and iTunes browser (Krugman & Wells, 2009). Schwartz,Carew, and Tatiana postulated that investors’ preference function is very crucial in analyzing the economic principles of a company, especially the capital assets price model (Schwartz, R., Carew, M., & Tatiana, M. (2010). To begin with, let us consider the assumption that the results of an investment is in the form of a probability distribution. In an attempt to evaluate the suitability of
The defining characteristics of the pathogen Influenza virus is an enveloped orthomyxovirus that is spherical or filamentous in shape. The pathogen has a single-stranded antisense RNA genome, and its diameter ranges between 80-120nm (Dawson, Lazniewski, and Plewczynski 2017). Influenza microbe variants are Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, and Influenzavirus C, all pathogenic to man. The virus’s genome is contained in a helical-shaped nucleocapsid surrounded by a lipid envelope. The influenza viruses are typically known to cause acute respiratory infections such as sore throat, nonproductive cough, fever, and malaise. The pathogenesis of the pathogen Inhaled viral particles reach the lower segment of the respiratory tract, the primary site where they initiate the disease pathogenesis. The virus uses the HA spikes on its envelope to attach to the sialic acid receptors on the epithelial cells (Zost et al. 2019). Mucociliary transport may help transport the virus to the other respiration sites (Adivitiya et al. 2021). Infection of the mucosal cell causes cell destruction and its desquamation. The virulence factors used by the pathogen The major virulence factors in the Influenza virus are hemagglutinin (HA) spike proteins and neuraminidase. The neuraminidase in the viral envelope may act on mucus to cause liquefaction (Suhasini 2017). The HA spike proteins assist the virus in attaching to the lower respiratory tract epithelium. It also helps in releasing the viral genome into the epithelial cell’s cytoplasms through membrane fusion, thus initiating the respiratory infection. The treatment for the pathogen Immunoprophylaxis by inactivated or live attenuated vaccines are used to prevent some infections caused by virulent strains of Influenza A, such as HINI and H3N2. Chemoprophylaxis control through amantadine and rimantadine hydrochloride has proven successful in treating infections and illnesses caused by Influenza A (Cornelissen and Hobbs 2019). These drugs interfere with uncoating and transport the viral particle by blocking the transmembrane M2 ion channel on the epithelial cells. The recent research regarding the pathogen The research investigates a variant of the Influenza A virus, H1N1 Swine flu. The variant is zoonotic as it causes respiratory infections in both pigs and humans. The HINI caused a pandemic in 1918 and 2009, infecting around 500 million people globally and killing 50 million to 100 million individuals (Jilani et al. 2018). The virus is spread from human to human through the inhalation of respiratory droplets. Bibliography Adivitiya, Manish Singh Kaushik, Soura Chakraborty, Shobi Veleri, and Suneel Kateriya. 2021. “Mucociliary Respiratory Epithelium Integrity in Molecular Defense and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Viral Infections.” Biology 10 (2). Web. Cornelissen, Cynthia Nau, and Marcia Metzgar Hobbs. 2019. Microbiology . Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, C. Dawso
Introduction The need for maids to assist in house chores has risen in the last few decades (Ehrenreich 54). The ever-increasing number of women workers, acceptance of nuclear families, and increased residual earnings has encouraged families to employ domestic workers. For busy and affluent Emiratis families, these employees’ help is becoming a necessity in many households. Maids just like other domestic workers make the management of household chores easier (Tan 170). As such, they can cook, wash dishes, shop, and take care of the babies on behalf of the family. Nevertheless, there are exceptional risks associated with hiring maids in the United Arab Emirates (Fernandez 67). They can commit crimes, molest children, steal household properties, and make the host family dependent on their services. Research methodologies A research methodology is a methodical plan to investigate a research problem. For this type of research, survey research design is going to be utilized. Relevant information will be obtained through face-to-face interviews and questionnaires. Similarly, data will be collected through field research. The method entails acquiring public data from secure and reliable maids employment agencies and ministry of labor. Employment bureaus will provide the researchers with crucial information such as the present and the maids’ reports (Tavel 89). The sources are very efficient since they are bias free. The face-to-face interview will require a participant to question the employees in person to collect their personal views. During the interview, the contributors will be asked to detail their perspectives. The questions used during the interviews are open ended. Equally, questionnaires will be used to collect private information from the participants. The sampling frame will comprise of maids, their employers, and their employment agencies. The individuals would be randomly selected. The scale of measurement will be an ordinal scale. The sampling criterion will strengthen the study by enabling the researcher to reach the targeted participants. Research questions The proposed research paper will attempt to identify domestic workers phenomenon in the United Arab Emirates. Through this, the article will focus on advantages and disadvantages of the issue with respect to risks in raising youngsters, misconducts committed by the domestic workers, cost of employing domestic workers, and dependency on maids. In a bid to identifying these pros and cons, the research paper attempts to answer many sub-questions, which explores the phenomena. They include the narrow and the broad questions to determine the extent of the issue in the Emiratis society. Below are the research questions:  1. What are the advantages of hiring a maid?  2. What do you hire a maid?  3. What are the disadvantages of hiring a maid?  4. What are the risks of hiring a domestic worker to raise your children?  5. What are the crimes committed by domestic workers?  6. What is the cost of hiring a maid?  7. Are you depend
In the modern world, the practice of generic tourism is gaining more and more popularity. Its essence is moving to another country for the further birth of a child and acquiring citizenship in it. This right in the United States of America is given on the basis of the right of birth or jus soli on the territory of the country. Hence the concept of an “anchor child”, since he or she becomes a tool for his or her walkers to acquire a permanent place of residence. However, with the spread of this phenomenon, many problems have arisen. An example of such an issue was a case that happened in a Chinese ancestral home in Flushing, Queens. A woman from China stabbed five people. This research paper aims to examine this case and its circumstances in order to gain knowledge about how this problem can be prevented in the future. First of all, it is necessary to understand the phenomenon of generic tourism. Foreigners resort to this action often to find a better life and in the desire to follow the American dr
This book offers a succinct exploration on perceptions and images carried along by individuals on daily basis. The author attempts to unmask the kind of comedic aspects that human beings portray in everyday life. In particular, Goffman puts a strong belief in dramaturgical model of an individual’s social life which he equates to theatrical plays. Goffman educates his readership that human life is shaped by various components that are related to acting or theater. For example, an actor is surrounded by the audience, other actors, the props and scenario at hand. As such, actors have two major stages namely the front and the back stage. Similar to acting, human beings evolve with age. For example, at an early age, behavior is shaped by various roles set out in society. However, human beings tend to get out of these roles as they grow and try to design other roles for themselves. Goffman equates the front stage to societal roles that are given to us at early stage. The front stage behavior is determined by the manner, setting and appearance of a person. In acting, cast members are capable of switching from one script to another. The same case happens in real life whereby situations are capable of determining the kind of behaviors and social life that a person will lead. The interaction aspect of a person is very important. In essence, it assists human beings to change their roles and course in life. In acting, interaction with the audience, actors and the prop is capable of molding us into particular style of acting. Therefore, acting is very crucial when it comes to building particular stereotypes in life which are then embraced by society. The major theme in this book is that human beings ought to perceive real life as acting. Relevance in modern society Human beings do obtain help from others since none is independent. There is no way individuals can sustain themselves in life. We are all interdependent since every aspect of a person’s eye has an environment that needs socialization. Goffman equates this to acting whereby he emphasizes that an actor has his or her fellow actors, audience, props and the general situation. In life, a human being will require both direct and indirect inputs from other people like relatives, friends and workmates in order to be successful. To begin with, it is imperative to note that any life component of a human being is a social actor. If the world is to become a better place to live, human beings should learn to live well with others. Just as it is in acting, if an actor does not socialize well with others, the general outcome of the whole play would not be pleasing. A play is like general life, and if various actors such as environmental objects, workmates, customers and by standers are not taken care of, life would not be effective. If the future is to be bright for anyone, either in social or working life, socialization i
Introduction To undertake a study on theism or atheism for that matter, without referring to a few isms, like postmodernism, Dadaism, or nihilism, in between, is like trying to talk about the economic situation in America without referring to the situation, pre or post 9/11. If there is one topic that interests people, crossing all barriers of creed, sex and political affiliations, it is religion. Apart from being just a hot topic for discussion, religion has been and continues to be the focal point around which many disputes have arisen in the ancient as well as in the modern world. James Sire’s book The Universe Next Door in many ways opened up a Pandora’s Box. There were many questions asked, some answered and some not, some to ponder over and so on. Talking about theism was passé, when Sire wrote his book. Nevertheless, he did open up a great deal of debate on where theism fit into the changing world. The book does not decry any other worldview; on the contrary, it tried to (to put it very simply) get people to put their thinking caps on. Secular thought and naturalism were gaining ground, trying to push Christianity and the Church into a kind of black hole, when Sire’s work was published. It is true that some people agreed with him; there were an equal number who did not. One thing though was universal – nobody who read the book, chose to label it as a piece of inane writing or thought. Whatever be the ideology that was discussed, Sire made a point that was difficult to ignore. For instance, when he spoke of naturalists, he referred to them thus: “See no God, no spirit, no life beyond the grave” (Sire, 2004). This statement was indicative, to a very large extent, to his state of mind and above all his unshakeable belief in Christian life and values. He was of the opinion that a person who believed in Jesus Christ and the Church as an institution, merited, as a right, passage to heaven, if he or she lived a good life. Therefore, the absence of such thought was not just unacceptable to Sire, but also incorrect. It was probably this rigidity that made him and his book unpopular to a great extent. Christianity – religion or worldview Much has been spoken and written about Christianity, its origin, its beliefs and above all the struggles that it has weathered over the last couple of centuries to maintain an identity. As is the case with all religions, Christian theism has had to withstand the onslaught of fresh thought that has raised quite a few questions about the one of the oldest established religions in the world. Christian theologians have worked hard to bring the essence of the Bible to all who care to understand it; many critics would not agree with this statement – the Crusades probably demonstrate the lack of tolerance for any other form of organized religion. Be that as it may, there is no doubt that the Church today would like to be seen as a forward thinking body, capable of a great level of tolerance and lenience. If Christianity would like to be looked upon as an all encompassing faith, can it be c
Introduction Schools, across the world, are affected by crises. A crisis may paralyze a school’s operations. Knowing how to respond to it and prevent it is therefore important. This essay clearly explains the roles of crisis team members in responding to a crisis and preventing it. How School Crisis Team Members can Respond to a School Crisis A school crisis could refer to several situations that may bedevil the school. These may range from natural disasters to criminal activities or traffic accidents. School crisis team members have a critical part to play in the face of such crises. When a crisis takes place within a school, it is the responsibility of the school crisis response teams to find a way of coming up with feasible mechanisms to arrest the situation. First, there should be a deliberate attempt to assist those who have been directly affected by the crisis. For instance, in the case of a tragic accident that entails shooting or stabbing of students, the injured students and/teachers should be admitted to the hospital immediately. While here, they will get the services of health professionals to help them recover. Second, the source of the crisis must be dealt with. For example, if a stranger got into a school and stabbed students and teachers, it would be better to liaise with the police and bring the perpetrator of the crime to book. This will not only be a form of justice to the victims but will also shield the remaining students and teachers against further attacks from the same person. Third, the school should be closed especially if the other students and teachers are affected psychologically. This will help to relieve the tension and provide enough time to attend to the victims. Fourth, the school administration should organize a meeting with the parents in which they should invite experts such as psychologists (Motomura, et al, 2003, pp. 239-240). In such meetings, parents can be educated on understanding the psychological and physical manifestations of stress among their children. They will also be able to ask questions about child care and be responded to. Moreover, there ought to be counseling of the victims and a 24 hour-hotline, where important information can be channeled and be responded to by counseling experts (Motomura, et al, 2003, p. 240). The team responsible for crisis management is supposed to share their responsibilities (Schofeld, et al, 1994). Effective preventive strategies to be adopted by school crisis response members Generally, there is a variation among different ethnicities with regard to the ways of preventing different school crises. For example, the African American community does not only teach its youth problem-solving techniques but has also established programs to teach them how they can prevent themselves from other health-related problems (Goldstone, et al, 2008, p. 19). Besides, the African American church has an influence on the lives of the youth and this black church can therefore help the youth through its teachings an
Introduction/Thesis statement There can little doubt as to the fact that the foremost problem, confronting the Organization of United Nations (UN), is its operational ineffectiveness, which causes many political observers to suggest that UN’s continuous existence in its present form, does not make much of a sense. Apparently, there are many good reasons to believe that, during the course of recent decades, UN has been undergoing a qualitative transformation from a peace-securing international organization into an essentially the ‘club of bureaucrats’, the only purpose of which existence is to provide an opportunity for its high-ranking affiliates to enjoy a luxurious lifestyle. The validity of this statement can be well illustrated in relation to the fact that, for a duration of last thirty years, not a single UN Session has been conducted without its delegates spending a great amount of time, while discussing what can be done to eliminate hunger in world’s ‘developing’ countries. Yet, despite billions and billions of dollars having been poured into these countries’ economies, over the course of decades, the situation with ‘world’s hunger’ did not only improve but has grown much worse. Even those who think that the continuous existence of UN is utterly vital for protecting a world’s peace, cannot avoid pointing out to the fact that the very principles of this organization’s functioning must be revised. According to Gareis and Varwick: “It is impossible to overlook the fact that the UN in its present form is unable to play its role adequately as motor and agent of a comprehensive politics of world order” (3). Nevertheless, it would be inappropriate to think that UN’s current problems are essentially incidental and that this organization will continue to play the role of an international arbiter into eternity. The reason for this is simple – the fact that, ever since early nineties, the world had ceased being bipolar (due to the collapse of Soviet Union), and the fact that the process of an ongoing Globalization results in rendering the very notion of nation outdated, creates objective preconditions for UN’s continuous existence to make very little sense. In other words, UN’s inefficiency, which throughout the course of last two decades has been grasping public’s attention on an exponential scale, appears dialectically predetermined. As it was noted by Nanjundan: “The UN is in premature gerontocracy; the decline over the last 20 years due to bureaucratic inefficiency and corruption has been compounded by the post-cold war dominance of and dependence on the sole superpower, the US” (2731). In this paper, I will aim to substantiate an earlier articulated thesis at length and to provide readers with the insigh
The current memo was composed based on the need to determine the accounting actions that the NeedsSpace should implement in relation to the two lease agreement provisions that can also be considered specific lease obligations:  1. “Lessor may require the lessee to perform general repairs and maintenance on the leased premises.”  2. “Lessor may require the lessee to remove all leasehold improvements such that the premise is reinstated to original condition.” Basic ideas regarding the obligations of the NeedsSpace as a lessee in this lease agreement are defined by FASB in its set of codes jointly titled as the Accounting Standards Codification (FASB, 2010). The general idea about the two lease agreement provisions is that NeedsSpace should account for them as for ordinary rental expenses incurred by the nature of the lease agreement (FASB, 2010). In more detail, the first provision listed above stipulates the possibility for the lessor to request repair and maintenance of leased premises. As far as this provision is part of the lease agreement, it should be accounted for similar to any other expenses that the lessee faces: There is no distinction between the right to use a leased asset during the construction period and the right to use that asset after the construction period. Therefore, rental costs associated with ground or building operating leases that are incurred during a construction period shall be recognized by the lessee as rental expense (FASB, 2010; ASC 840-20-25-11). Accordingly, the above-quoted point of Accounting Standards Codification stipulates clearly that any costs that a lessee faces during the construction or building of any facilities in the leased premises or has in relation to the lease agreement should be accounted for as a rental expense. Thus, the procedure of cost recognition as rental expense should take place (FASB, 2010). At the same time, the actions that the NeedsSpace should take regarding the second provision in question are two-fold. First of all, the expenses that are incurred by the need to bring the leased premises to their original conditions should be recognized as a rental expense by the lessee on the basis of already quoted ASC 840-20-25-11 (FASB, 2010), as far as the process of equipment deinstallation also involves considerable costs. However, when these costs are no longer being faced, the lessee, i. e. the NeedsSpace in the discussed case, has two ways of accounting for them. On the one hand, the lessee can derecognize the rental expense because “the entity would derecognize an asset because it no longer has rights to the asset or it would derecognize a liability because it no longer has any obligation” (FASB, 2010; ASC 840-20-40 General Note). Such a step would mark the end of the lease agreement, and NeedsSpace will have to derecognize the expenses it no longer faces. On the other hand, the NeedsSpace might resort to another practice of recognition and account for the costs involved by the second lease agreement provided as either a liability or an asset it has acquired during the lease agreement effective period: If a supply arrangement (or a portion of a supply arrangement) ceases to