ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Native Americans are the people the Europeans met upon their arrival in present-day North America. These people have a rich history that portrays the elements of wisdom, courage, hard work and solid political, social and economic organization. This is evident from the details that are present in most of the stories that attempt to explain how these people lived before their lives were interrupted by the white Europeans. The stories may have different characters and differences in terms of names of places but a huge number of themes are the same. In this essay, the similarities in the thematic of the stories, the differences that are present in the stories and the possible reasons for these differences will be examined. Also, the trickster and his or her importance to oral tradition will be discussed. In addition to this, the objectivity of written history as an account of the past will be looked into. To start with the thematic similarity in these migration stories of Native Americans, it is true to say that most of them recognize the presence of a higher power that is responsible for their existence. For example, the Hopi had a belief that this Supreme Being was responsible for their safe journey to what they termed as the fourth world (Waters 12-17). In a deeper sense, this faith in the Creator is an indication of the religious nature of these Native American groups. They had an unquestionable belief in a master controller who made all happenings in the universe possible. This faith made them behave in a way that was meant to make this Supreme Being happy. In the event that something unseemly was done, sacrifices were offered as a way of appeasing the spirits that acted as intermediaries between the people and the creator. The aim was to make the Supreme Being forgive them for the wrongdoing and therefore not punish them. Punishment was in form of diseases and attacks by other people. As a way of reaching out to this Supreme Being in a special way, not everybody in society was given the privilege of leading the functions that were conducted in honor of the creator. Special people who came from specific families and had unique gifts were responsible. For example, the prophets who foretold the migrations of the people to the turtle-shaped island had a special gift that allowed them to communicate with the Supreme Being and therefore had the prerequisite for serving as intermediaries between the gods and the people. The people who were associated with the service of the creator were highly respected and their prophecies came in mysterious ways. These people are given unique names perhaps as a way of showing their special position in society. For example, the prophet who warned the people of the possibility of being destroyed if they did not move to the turtle-shaped land is described as the Prophet of the First Fire. Far from the similarity in the theme of faith in the creator, the various groups of Native Americans had elders who guided the people both in peace and crisis (Mails, pp. 4-7). The stories about Native Americans have this the
Various people have different opinions when it comes to analyzing the quality of life in the 21 st century. According to popular opinions, modern life is an easy affair that has a ton of conveniences for 21 st century human beings. Modern people are able to cure most diseases and lead easier lives as compared to those individuals who lived in the past. Consequently, it is expected that the people who live in the modern times would have high levels of happiness. However, the list of the leading problems for the 21 st century humanity includes global warming, conflict, cancer, and depression. The inclusion of depression in this list negates the possibility of the 21 st century man being the ‘happiest among them all’. Depression has become a pandemic in the modern times. In addition, depression is currently responsible for increased drug abuse, conflict, and suicide rates. Therefore, it is important to examine what has contributed to the high instances of depression in modern times. Studies indicate that women are at a higher risk of developing depression than men are. For instance, statistics indicate that while about twenty-five percent of American women suffer from depression, only about twelve percent of men suffer from similar predicaments (Galambos, Leadbeater and Barker 16). The higher instances of depression among women can be explained using a number of reasons including the lifestyle of the modern woman and her role in the society. The modern woman is a career woman, a caregiver, a mother, a businesswoman, a wife, a housekeeper, and a political leader among others. In the past, the role of a woman was restricted to domestic chores and procreation. The increased pressures that have been piled upon the modern woman might explain why depression is more prevalent among women. The increased dimensions of pressure among the modern women might also help to explain why the rest of the population is depressed. The modern life presents individuals with en
Overview of the Grading System The GRADE approach will be utilized to gauge the value and likely effectiveness of the recommendations made. The system allows for the classification of recommendations as either strong or weak, based on the balance achieved between risks, benefits, cost and burden, as well as the degree of confidence that can be inferred from the estimates of benefits, burdens and risks provided. Furthermore, the system classifies evidence provided as high, moderate or low (Grades A, B, and C respectively), depending on the consistency of the results, the precision of estimates, the risk of bias and the directness of the evidence provided (Schmidt & Brown, 2009/2012). Based on the findings, when a tradeoff between the risks and benefits is made, a recommendation can then be considered for implementation as an intervention. Practice Recommendation #1 The first practice recommendation, would be to try and strengthen the quality of relationships between the elderly and their spouses as well as with their children, in cases where either or both exist. In most cases, the elderly normally find themselves abandoned, neglected, or simply become lonely after their children move away, a factor that greatly contributes to their loneliness. This is especially true for elderly persons who also happen to be widows or widowers. Strength of recommendation The recommendation is quite strong, because the risks involved are quite minimal, while the costs are negligible. In addition, helping to rekindle family relationships can lead to the creation of lifelong relationships and support systems. Strength and quality of evidence The evidence can be classified as high due to the high number of studies that identify the loss of a spouse or the moving away of children as causes of loneliness (Fiorillo & Sabatini, 2008; WRVS, 2011). Practice Recommendation #2 The second recommendation would be to enhance social networking, either through the establishment of support groups that can easily offer the required level of companionship. As an alternative, or to augment the support group approach, activities that encourage socializing and interaction between the elderly can be organized by the nursing homes or by the hospitals to reduce loneliness. Strength of recommendation The recommendation is strong because the benefits will certainly outweigh the risks and costs. For instance, by eliminating the risk of loneliness amongst the elderly, the system will also reduce the number of senior citizens in need of medical attention due to conditions that co-occur with loneliness. Furthe
Introduction Burger King is a global fast food restaurant with its headquarters in the USA. It initially started as a franchise restaurant chain. The company is publicly traded with various investment firms. In September 2010, the company was sold to 3G capital. As from 2009 it had more than 12,000 outlets in 73 countries (Burger King, 2010, p. 2). United States accounts for 66% of this outlets with most of them (90%) being privately owned (Burger King, 2010, p.3). As a matter of fact, the company serves more than 11.4 million customers in a single day while employing 37, 000 employees. In an international perspective, licenses are sold on a regional basis. Discussion Core competency The company’s core competence is in its franchising. Initially its strategy involves diversification of franchising to increase its operational performance. Because of its competence in franchising the company has been able to open 12,000 outlets in more than 73 countries around the world (Jargon, 2010, p. 7). This relates well with the strategy it had chosen to use in penetrating and retaining the market. It had discovered that with franchising it was easy to have a good market control and as a matter of fact it has used it well to compete with other market competitors. In America, licensing is done on a per store basis. On the other hand, various international location licenses are usually given on a regional basis. This means that the franchise will exclusively own all the development r
It is painfully obvious that the inception of social media has caused a glut of information in the world today, where people have the luxury of expressing their views and venting their frustrations at individuals or agencies that rub them the wrong way and remain anonymous. Incidentally, the government and politicians have not been spared the wrath either, because political analysts are always casting aspersions and showering accolades, on wayward and visionary politicians respectively. This paper, therefore, seeks to bring to the fore, the dynamics of political blogging and its effects on the political arena, and the economy as a whole. The bill of rights in most countries gives people the freedom to express themselves responsibly, and blogging presents people with the opportunity to air their views on the conduct and dispositions, of the people that represent them at national assemblies. With the click of a button, a blogger can cheaply give a detailed analysis of the political scene in a country, which can be disseminated to an enthusiast of political satire and literature (Pole, 2010). The public, therefore, creates a virtual forum where they intimate their views on the state of the political scene, and express their views on how the ruling elite, should step up their approach to leadership. Moreover, politicians most of whom are social media-savvy nowadays, get the opportunity to strike a chord with the electorate. They achieve this by taking sentiments that reproach them, as areas of weakness that they need to work on. Additionally, they are accorded the privilege of joining these discussions and espousing the reasons why they take certain political stands, that seem outrageous at face value. By and large, political blogging gives politicians a cheap means of selling their political manifestos in the electioneering period. It is a very affordable campaign tool that politicians hold dear because their supporters can easily get updated on developments that take place in the political scene. A best-case scenario would be where a politician uploads a campaign video, where he or she endears himself to the public by expressing his or her innermost feelings about a pertinent matter or apologizing for offending other politicians, or the public in general. On the flipside, political blogging also has its downside because politics is a very dirty game, and for the most part, bloggers who are cynics tend to sit on moral high grounds, that most human beings cannot reach. The penultimate consideration about political blogging is that society expects politicians to be demigods with unblemished pasts. The reality on the ground is that every human being has a skeleton or two in his or her closet. Bloggers only see the specks in the eyes of politicians but fail to notice the logs in theirs. Politicians like all human beings are entitled to making one or two mistakes while in office. While some level of criticism is vital in improving a person’s character, we should take cognizance of the fact that some bloggers abuse the freedom of expression and engage in hate speech in certain blogs
Abstract Every company seeks competitiveness and reliability to survive in the business world. This is only possible when good product designs are made before the manufacturing process. The paper analyses two articles on design for manufacturability and later conveys its importance to modern manufacturing companies (Crow, 2006, p. 1). Introduction Modern technologies have enabled most manufacturing companies to address critical product issues while still in the design process. This is usually aimed at integrating particular manufacturing concerns that may help achieve quality products for easy manufacturing. Designs for manufacturability play an important role in achieving desired qualities and results in products for such companies. These designs are usually easy to manufacture, thereby reducing production cost and time spent, without affecting quality. This paper will try to summarize, compare and contrast two articles on design for manufacturability (Anderson, 2010, p. 1). Review Several articles on design for manufacturability have been written, with different authors giving their views on how it should work. In most cases, the basic principles are usually the same, except for a few contrasting views. The paper explores similarities and differences that exist between David Anderson’s paper on Design for manufacturability and Kenneth Crow’s article. According to Crow, for the effective development of products to be sustained, manufacturers have to go beyond the normal steps of product acquisition, implementation, and design technologies. He believes that customers’ needs must be placed ahead of management practices, and argues that this conceptualization can lead to better design for manufacturability. Crow goes on to state that implementation of design for manufacturability during the design cycle may require more effort from the manufacturing company, but this should not sound difficult because the output would suit customers more. He also emphasizes that this cannot happen without the will to integrate product as well as process design by way of better business practices, technology tools and philosophies of management. He ends by stating that to be competitive in an equally competitive world, customer service and product design should be one’s priority as they will be the definitive way of distinguishing a company’s capabilities (Crow, 2006, p. 1). According to Anderson, design for manufacturability constitutes a process of proactive design of products that guarantee the best cost of manufacturing and customer satisfaction among others. It also aimed at optimizing the entire manufacturing process. I
Relationships between Willie and his sons Willie Loman is a salesman who is constantly on the road than in his home. He also does not make much money from his sales business. However, his two sons, Biff and Happy look up to him as a role model. From the onset of the play, there is something estranging Biff from Willie. Willie has noticed that Biff has an undercurrent and becomes moody towards him. We realize that Biff estrangement from his father is as a result of Biff discovering Willie with a hooker in Boston. When Miller wrote this play, fathers were symbols of excellence and virtue. The society expected fathers to represent the best for their children. Willie’s affair in Boston changed Biff’s life and changed him into a wanderer. Willie is sad that his son, Biff never had a job which can earn more than thirty five dollars in a week. Linda notes that Biff hates his father. She tells Biff that “Biff, dear, if you can’t have any feeling for him then you can’t have any feeling for me” (Miller 66). Miller creates a sharp contrast between Biff and Bernard who loves hard work. Ben possesses knowledge superiority. He is not as physical as Biff. However, Biff did not believe in hard work since childhood. Willie taught him that everything in life did not rely on hard work. This idea became Biff’s downfall when he discovered that he had failed his exams. Biff realizes that his childhood has been all lies. Therefore, he decides not to be like Willie. Biff struggles to become good after his father’s death. His father’s relationship with him created a world of lies and illusions where Biff never faced realities. He struggles to put these lies behind in order to find his true self in life. Willie nurtures Biff to have both desirable and undesirable traits during Biff’s life. Willie brought up Happy to have little regard for women. Therefore, Happy treats women purely as objects of pleasure. Happy believes in unrealistic ideas of success his father planted in him since his childhood. He carries on with these ideas till the end of the play. Willie’s responsibility with regard to his sons We can say that Willie is an epitome of a poor role model to his sons. Willie gives poor advices to his sons especially about women and success. Willie advices Biff thus “ Just wanna be careful with those girls, Biff, that’s all. Don’t make any promises. No promises of any kind. Because a girl, y’know, they always believe what you tell ’em ” (Miller 44). Willy’s two sons take this advice. Linda notes that Biff becomes harsh with the girls. This idea shapes Happy to become a hooker and womanizer. He constantly says that he will be marrying, but we never see that happens. Willie
Executive Summary The authors of Freakonomics: The Hidden Side of Everything, Steven. D. Levitt and Stephen. J. Dubner, have gone out of their way to challenge conventional wisdom using simple analysis in what they term as the ‘economic’ side to reality. Though the article does not have a baseline plot, the authors lay down several ‘truths’ which they use to test conventional wisdom. These fundamental ‘truths’ are; according to the current life we live in, a cornerstone of Incentives, conservative wisdom is at times wrong, staged effects have distant causes, professionals use their advantage in information to serve their own agenda, and finally, Knowing what to gauge and how to measure it makes the world less complex. Using these ideas, they analyze in Chapter 4, the sudden drop in crime from the late 90’s against earlier predictions that crime rates would soar. First, the authors tear apart several opinions given for the sharp decline in crime using a realistic and sensible approach that relies on facts and statistics. They find that the reason crime reduced so drastically was because of the legalization of abortion through Roe v. Wade, and this fact has more weight than any other explanation. Problem Definition The authors of Freakonomics begin Chapter 4: Where Have All the Criminals Gone?, with a brief summary of Nicolae Ceausescu’s communist regime in Romania, which they use as a reversed image of the American scenario. While Ceausescu prohibited abortion leading to a huge population growth, the US at around the same time legalized it through Roe v. Wade. The large number of teenage youth in Romania finally led to Ceausescu’s execution in 1989. Similarly in the US, the reduced number of teenage youth led to a lower crime rate. Through the way the authors frame their arguments, they clearly define the issues at hand. They begin by showing rising trends in crime before the early 90’s and the prediction of various criminologists such as James Alan Fox that crime would eventually spiral out of control as the years progressed. The authors then show us the folly of experts
The Balanced Scorecard & the Financial Perspective Recent decades can be characterized by the appearance of new and more efficient approaches in business and management. The implementation of these innovations is expected to alter their traditional function and improve the final results achieved by companies. The balanced scorecard concept represents one of these new approaches. Currently, both profit and nonprofit organizations are exploring this strategy for improving the monitoring of a company’s performance, its main performance, aspects, and activities. Also, the widespread use of the balanced scorecard (BSC) preconditioned an increased interest in the peculiarities of its implementation (MacKay, 2004). For this reason, the given paper is devoted to an examination of the functioning of the Cattaraugus County Rehabilitation Center and the efficiency of incorporating a balanced scorecard approach into its operation. Therefore, the most important aspects of this company’s functioning will be revealed and analyzed. Moreover, to determine whether the use of the BSC strategy has a positive impact on the Rehabilitation Center on not, the company’s organizational mission and vision will also be evaluated. Cattaraugus County Rehabilitation Center was created with the principal aim of improving the quality of life for people suffering from disabilities. The facility was established in 1957 by a small group of parents. In the earliest stages of its evolution, the center did not face any significant problems connected with management or strategy (Martello, Watson, & Fischer, 2016). However, at present, the rehabilitation center is a multi-faceted agency that provides its services to hundreds of individuals who live in more than thirty-five communities throughout Cattaraugus County and New York State. Under these conditions, the need for an innovative and efficient approach in managing the company becomes obvious. The facility offers numerous services, including the Children’s Learning Center, sports and recreation, the Employment Connection, and more, which should be managed most efficiently (Martello, Watson, & Fischer, 2016). Previously, to be able to provide these services to all people in need, the rehabilitation center adhered to a model that differed from the BSC approach. Thus, in exploring the possibility of adopting an improved strategy, the top management group invited a team of consultants to create an appropriate strategic plan and guarantee improved cooperation between all departments. However, the consultants found the task too complex because of the great diversity of day-to-day activities and primary goals. For this reason, the decision to use the BSC concept was made. The main argument for the use of the approach under discussion was the ability to create a set of landmarks that could be applied to cascade strategic planning throughout the whole organization and attain improved efficiency in the most important aspects of its functioning (Martello, Watson, & Fischer, 2016). Therefore, the four most import