What is the definition of ethics, and what are the professional issues involved in research ethics?  1. According to the Oxford Dictionary (2017), ethics is “Moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity” (para. 1). When applied to research, this essentially means that the researchers ensure that their experiment is ethically correct. However, because ethics is relative both globally and in individual cases, the main issue is that ethical regulations should be determined specifically for each study based on its nature and subject.  2. Ethics is widely defined as “a set of moral principles” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2017, para. 2a). It is a common requirement among the scientific institutions to request that all research follows the necessary ethical regulations, which can sometimes change the initial structure of the study or cause the study to be canceled altogether if it is deemed unethical.  3. One of the common definitions of ethics is the “norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior” (Resnik, 2015, para. 1). Even though the ethical structure of research promotes its basic aims, such as obtaining knowledge and avoiding error (Resnik, 2015, para. 7), ethical concerns can raise difficulties with the conduction of research in certain circumstances (for instance, medical research of terminally ill patients or those with severe mental illnesses). Discuss how researchers can ensure that their study is ethical  1. One of the ways that researchers can ensure that their study is ethical is by tailoring the research structure by the cultural and ethical aspects of the subjects. Nowadays, there is a lot of research studies that are performed in developing countries to reduce issues, such as child mortality, child pregnancy, and so on. One of the ethical concerns that arise in this case is obtaining the subjects’ consent for conduction of the experiment and distribution of the results: due to the linguistic differences, between the languages that the researchers and the participants speak, the researchers must ensure that a valid professional translation is provided to the subjects before obtaining their consent for the experiment. Another way of ensuring the ethical conduct of a cross-cultural experiment in tailoring the proposed intervention or prevention strategy for the local population. For instance, if the researchers decide to study underage pregnancy prevention strategies in rural communities of a developing country, they need to make sure the strategy is available to the people with low income. If the prevention services are provided at a significant cost to the population, most people will not be able to access them, thus creating a bias in the study.  2. Many institutions funding research and experiments have their norms for the ethical conduct of the studies. For instance, the National Institute of Health (NIH, 2016) guides promoting scientific integrity. The suggested policies and procedures for researchers depend on the type of study. For instance, if testing on animal subjects is required, the number of animals used must be kept to a minimum (NIH, 2016, p. 25). The researchers are to replace animals with alternatives, such as cell lines or computational models whenever possible, and, if animals are still used, to “refine the way experiments ar