ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
When writing a literary work, many factors add up to create a single story in the form the author wants to present it. From this perspective, the setting and the accompanying mood in which the story unfolds are significant. The same story, placed in a different environment, will create completely different effects and evoke different emotions in the reader. In Langston Hughes’ poem “I, too,” the setting and mood shape the story, portraying the life of an ordinary home in the early 20th century in a rebellious and confident mood. The purpose of this essay is to confirm this thesis by analyzing the poem’s structure, the details and elements put into it by the author, and their connection with the general narrative and meaning. It is necessary to understand the conditions in which the author was writing the work to comprehend the poem’s context and its setting. “I, too” was written in America in the early 20th century, a period closely associated with racial oppression. The poet himself was one of the central figures of the Harlem Renaissance, leading the flowering of African American culture (“Langston Hughes,” n.d.). In this regard, “I, too” is another work in a series of poems inspired by the observed events of social inequality. In turn, this factor forms the setting in which the action takes place in the poem. Only a few lines indicate it, from which the reader can understand who the main character is, on whose behalf the poem is being conducted, and where he is. The words “darker brother” indicate his skin color, and the phrase “they send me to eat in the kitchen” emphasizes the presence of the kitchen as a separate room (Hughes, 2004). Thus, the setting is the American household, whose owners can afford to keep a black servant. However, despite the apparent presence of racial inequality and the oppression in sending the protagonist to the kitchen when guests arrive, there is no trace of negativity or anger in the mood of the poem. On the contrary, the hero, even being in an abused position, finds positive moments for himself: going to the kitchen, he laughs and eats, becoming stronger (Hug
Introduction McClennen (2013) argues that acts of domestic violence are rarely random. It can, thus, be argued that violence is caused. Arguments on intention, state of mind and socialization all point towards the fact that domestic violence is premeditated action. Different countries and governments have come up with punishments to regulate domestic violence. It is important to point out that women have received the short end of the stick in regards to domestic violence. Bellack, Hersen, Morrison and Van Hasselt (2013) explain that one out of every four women has experienced some form of domestic violence at least once in her lifetime. Despite this revelation, the paper will focus on why people commit domestic violence, regardless of gender. The essay will argue that people become violence based on upbringing, and other similar social elements that affect them as they grow up. Towards this end, the paper will use the Family Violence Theory to put viable arguments supporting the stated premise across. Family Violence Theory According to Kindschi (2013), Family Violence Theory is based on psychological or individualist premises. Regarding psychological assumptions, it is arguable that family members become violent towards one another based on subjective beliefs or torture. A classic example that has been used over the decades to explain this argument is that of children who grow up in violent homes. Bellack, Hersen, Morrison and Van Hasselt (2013) argue that children who grow up in violent homes tend to be more violent than children who grow up in more peaceful homes due to the psychological element of Family Violence Theory. On the same note, Kindschi (2013) is also of the opinion that some people portray an individualistic trait concerning domestic violence. In such a scenario, the individual does not have any history of domestic violence. Reasons Why People Commit Domestic Violence Using the Family Violence Theory, it can be argued, therefore, that people commit domestic violence because they have been socialized to accept domestic violence. As stated, a majority of children who have lived in homes prune to violence, have grown up to commit domestic violence. Kindschi (2013) goes further and explains that predictability plays a significant role in the said premise. For example, a boy who grows up watching his father beat his mother every time she gets home late, will most likely also hit his wife whenever she comes home late. According to McClennen (2013), family related domestic violence is very predictable and can
Introduction Broadly accepted and considered as one of greatest jazz musicians of the 20 th century, Miles Davis was at the forefront of every reincarnation of jazz. From the earlier genres of bebop jazz, that was characterized by a “fast, inventive soloing and dynamic rhythm variation, to the slower and less flashy style of jazz” referred to as cool jazz for which he is most famous for. His experimentations with hard bop and jazz funk gave birth to the modern day rock and roll and rap music respectively. Though critics might argue his best work was earlier in his career, his induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, St Louis Walk Hall of Fame and Down Beat’s Jazz Hall of Fame only speaks volume of a master of his art who was ahead of his time who created an unblemished style of jazz that will withstand the test of time. Early Life Born in May 25 1926 in Alton Illinois, Miles Davis was exposed to music from an early age by his parents. His father, Dr. Miles Dewey Davis II, a dentist, bought him a trumpet probably to annoy his mother, Cleota Mae (Henry) Davis who was a talented blues pianist. His mother would have preferred Miles to learn to play the piano since she was irritated by the sound of the trumpet. While still at a tender age of 13, his tutor at that time Elwood Buchanan, a local musician, expected his student to learn to play without the vibrato, whereby you rely on tone rather than speed, which was unlike many musicians at that time. Davis would later “carry this signature style throughout his career” (Davis.106). The young musician’s talents didn’t go unnoticed and by the age of 16 he had cut a niche for himself and was now part of the music society in St Louis. He was now playing gigs in local bars and by the age of 17 was the band leader of Eddie Randle’s outfit, the Blue Devils. In 1944, Billy Eckstine’s band, which also consisted of Dizzy Gellespie and Charlie Parker, visited his hometown St Louis in 1944 and “Davis was asked to play as third trumpet after Buddy Anderson fell suddenl
Maryland is one of the states where the dependence on physicians was a widely discussed question among advanced practice registered nurses (APRN), and your experience submits the importance of that requirement. The decision to abolish the work under the control of senior professionals was beneficial for APRNs as it improved the quality of their services. For instance, in the COVID-19 pandemic, the shortage of physicians to be assigned for practitioners disrupted the healthcare organizations’ efficiency in the states where dependence still exists (Phillips, 2022). There is no full authority in New Jersey where I practice; however, our collaboration with the senior professional is rather formal. Consequently, Maryland’s APRNs work in the most beneficial conditions as their decision-making does not have to be submitted by physicians. The programs provided in your practice setting support the continuing licensing are crucial for APRNs’ career development, and it is valuable that your organization offers credit options for education. I agree with your statement that “nurse practitioners can improve their knowledge and skill on evidence-based practices to enhance the quality of care they provide and improve patient outcomes.” Moreover, healthcare organizations take advantage of their highly skilled employees and increase the probability of receiving additional support from private investments of their beneficiaries. The APRN licensure update is crucial in New Jersey, and the renewal must be passed every two years (New Jersey Division Of Consumer Affairs, n. d.). Practitioners also must complete 30 contact hours of education provided by an organization approved by the board of nursing (New Jersey Division Of Consumer Affairs, n. d.). You correctly pointed out that the volume of skills and knowledge necessary to obtain by APRNs is considerable, and having sufficient and repeatable training is crucial for professional development. The American healthcare governance is performed on federal and local levels, and the latter is represented by the states’ Boards of nursing. These organizations are essential for APRNs because they establish the licensing and education requirements for practice and employment within the selected jurisdiction. You also pointed out the role of Boards in ensuring the safety of workers and providing the opportunity to improve patient outcomes. The responsibility for identifying the criteria for education and scope is given to the state administration to efficiently address the local issues and adjust the professionals’ skillsets to specific needs (Markowitz & Adams 2022). You mentioned that in Florida, APRNs have a right to perform autonomously; however, they must comply with the General Standard of Practice. I agree with your
Introduction The evolution of art in various cultures across different regions and time periods had its differences and similarities with one another. Pottery is one of the most frequently discovered forms of ancient art due to its inherent ability to preserve itself. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare two pieces of terracotta art found in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, named Terracotta Chariot Krater and Terracotta Lentoid Flask. Terracotta Chariot Krater The Terracotta Chariot Krater is dated during the late Helladic Period, having been made approximately during the 12th-13th century BC (“Terracotta chariot crater,” 2019). It is a vessel with a wide opening at the top, two handles on either side and a narrowing down to the bottom. It is decorated with pictures of chariots and people in masks. Terracotta Chariot Krater (2019). The purpose of the krater is unclear, though there is strong evidence that it was used as a funeral vessel in order to house offerings to the gods or even the cremated remains of the body itself as a sarcophagus. The artwork itself represents Mycenaean culture, which had its golden age around the 13th century BC and later evolved into Minoan Cretan culture (“Terracotta chariot crater,” 2019). Likewise, it was centered around the island of Crete and the north-eastern countries of the Mediterranean basin. Terracotta Lentoid Flask The terracotta lentoid flask is an example of a practical piece of art to be used in everyday life. It is a flask with two small handles made for fingers near its bottleneck and a hole in the middle of the vessel for a rope to be put through it, enabling to strap it onto a hook or a horse harness. Terracotta Lentoid Flask (2019). The flask itself represents Levantine culture, which was prevalent throughout the 11-13th century BC in countries like Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Palestine, Egypt, and Turkey (“Terracotta lentoid flask,” 2019). It is covered with pictures of goats, birds, and plants on either side. The vessel itself was found in Cyprus, suggesting that the flask was made to be traded inside of the region. Visual Form Analysis Both vessels have a form to optimize their use for their respective roles, with one being a funeral vessel and the other being a drinking flask. The wide top of the krater allows placing the ashes and various goods to be offered to the gods without difficulty or interference, with two handles ensuring the ease of transportation. The walls of the krater are relatively thin and fragile, indicating that this
What is mathematics? When a member of the general community is asked this question, they invariably focus on number and operations. However, the modern mathematics curriculum is far more complex than just arithmetic. School mathematics has changed over time. During different periods, different mathematics has been taught (Stigler & Hiebert, 1999). A century ago, mathematics in upper primary classes involved computation of tasks involving a large amount of number, long division, square roots of non – square numbers and so on (Cockburn, 2008). This form of curriculum remained in place until the early 1960s, when the implementation of the New Mathematics represented a considerable shift in mathematics curriculum in most western counties. New topics were included and new forms of thinking mathematically, for example the set theory were part of the new syllabuses. Since the 1970s, other reforms have influenced the curriculum, including problem solving where students were expected to be more creative in their thinking (Suggate, Davis & Goulding, 2010). In the 1980s and increasingly since, technology has played a strong influence in the early years of technology aided learning, it has now been replaced by other technological aids, including new software programs, spreadsheets and graphic calculators, to name a few. Students are expected to be far more creative in their thinking, and to deal with much more knowledge and complexity than in the pre- 1960s era (Suggate, Davis & Goulding, 2010; Study Guide CMM119 Text and Culture , 2011). Thus this paper seeks to evaluate some of the strategies which can be applied in the field of mathematical study. Specifically, this paper provides an analysis of some of the strategies which can be used in teaching geometry and measurements to primary school pupils. Effective practice in teaching mathematics in primary school The issue of efficiency within the learning centers has been a bone of contention for many years. The politicians and the parents have had much to say about this. Essentially, there has been a general clamor by the political class that the education system should go back to basics. This calls for the system to reconsider some of the approaches which were being used in the past (Western Australia. Curriculum Council, 1998; Bobbis, Mullican & Lowrie, 2009). What is amiss in this case is the fact that despite the fact that the politicians are seeking what seems to be the best for the pupils, it should be left to the technocrats and the teachers to develop approaches which are in sync with the dynamic 21 st century in which we find ourselves. Most young people are now growing up in technology – rich environments. They do not remember a time when you had to physically get up to change the television station – remote controls do that (Haylock, 2010; Bottle & Canterbury Christ Church University College, 2005). One of the biggest growth areas in employment is self employment which means that many young people will be creating jobs for themselves in positions that will not even exist when they exit school. Thus the skills they requir
The main ethical issues and dilemmas faced by British Petroleum in the case The ethical issues and dilemmas faced by British Petroleum (BP) mainly concerned the environmental effects the creation of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline could have caused. Namely, the problem lied in the possibility of oil spills due to the fact that the pipe is located in the earthquake zone. Besides, the building of the pipeline resulted in the relocation of 30 thousands of people inhabiting the area. Moreover, the pipeline ran through Nagorno-Karabakh, the territory affected by the war, and there were risks of terrorist attacks on the line. Finally, the level of corruption in Azerbaijan and Turkey made it very likely that the project would feed the oligarchies in these countries and create no benefits for less wealthy classes. Apart from all the dangers and risks, the pipeline was an extremely beneficial project for the Western states minimizing their dependency on the oil provided by the Middle Eastern countries making the oil and energy resources of the Central Asia available. In this project, BP operated as the main player. BP from a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) perspective (ethical and unethical dimensions) The table below represents the ethical and unethical aspects of actions and decisions made by BP during the pipeline construction. Almost every step they took can be viewed as both ethical and unethical based on the perspective. The project was contradictory, and the company had to take risks to generate benefits.                Ethical                                                                                                Unethical                                                                                                          * Interaction with the local population, discussion of issues                                          * Cooperation with the corrupt leaders of Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Georgia                                        * Taking into consideration their opinions and dissatisfaction                                         * Failing to provide equitable compensations to the landown
Ethical leadership has been found to closely correlate with company productivity. This is because leadership directly affects the performance of employees. Recently, ethical leadership has been given a face lift in the way it is defined; according to Mumford (2009, 211), “ethical leadership is leadership characterized by behavior that is consistent with appropriate norms and promoting this behavior to followers.” Two aspects are brought out in this definition: one, that the leader has to focus on ethical decisions always, that is, his/her behavior should be “appropriate based on norms, or the commonly accepted behavior, rules, or procedures of a situation” (Mumford, 2009, p. 211); the second aspect is that of being a public leader – a leader has to practice what he/she says and this has to be done both in public and private (Hussein, 2007, p. 1). Therefore, an ethical leadership is a concept whereby a leader shows the way practically by advocating for certain values and practically showing that adopting those values is a possibility. Ethical leadership is a very important aspect of leading an enterprise. First and foremost, it should be noted that it is practical leadership. It becomes easier for the employees to adopt the ways of their seniors when they see that the seniors really practice what they say; we can say that there is creation of a positive follower perception. Ethical leadership in this sense therefore creates a sense of unity in achieving a common purpose. It becomes easier to lead people who know and believe that what their leaders say will be accomplished by the fact that the leaders will play a significant role in accomplishing the goals. It is evident that ethical leadership makes it a possibility for the employees to trust their leaders (Mills, 2005, p. 1). Trust is a very vital value for the productivity of an organization; it makes it possible for employees to step up their performance by for instance making sacrifices where the need arises in the course of serving the organization. Ethical leadership therefore is very important because it makes the management of employees a possibility and can be viewed as one of the best ways of effectively selling company goals to the employees (Freeman News, 2011, p. 1). A marketing manager in a multinational enterprise should develop ethical leadership skills. It is worth noting that marketing by its nature exposes a person to others in many occasions. A leader in a marketing department will even be more exposed to employees under him/her and the organization’s clients; for such a leader, the first value and a significant one in this case in to display practical leadership. Practical leadership as seen from above is ethical leadership; marketing managers more often interact with people in the course of undertaking marketing duties and therefore it is very significant that they practice what they say. Being practical as marketing manager will render credibility to what he/she is saying (Hsu, 2006, p. 1). The operations of multinationals enterprises are wide and therefore they have big influence w
Situation Analysis February 17, 2015 was the World Pancake Day, and thus a number of organizations took the day to advertise their brands. However, Samsung carried the day. The campaign aimed at familiarizing its customers with different brands because hostility on any product could be converted into sympathy. The self-doubters would accept the company and its products. Social media has massive following, and thus millions of potential clients would be reached via this advertisement. Objectives The Samsung’s campaign aimed at achieving three main objectives that can be evaluated using the SMART approach. Objective 1: make everyone be involved with your brand in a unique way  1. Make popular celebrities associate with your products together with your Twitter followers. This way, with your potential customers identifying with their popular celebrities, they would also identify with your products.  2. It also unifies everyone involved from stakeholder to customers and the employees, as there is power in unity. Objective 2: Increase sales  1. With every commercial campaign, there is always the need to increase the number of sales, and this assertion was true in this case. The huge number of potential customers that would be reached via this platform means that a certain percentage would end up choosing Samsung as a brand. In turn, this aspect would improve the company’s market share as more customers start purchasing its products.  2. The company has a set period of operating the business campaign of one day and it cannot be decided whether the objectives serve the short-term or the long-term objectives. Objective 3: To reach social media fans and especially Twitter  1. This aspect could have been approached from a total percentage expected, as it will present a more realistic case scenario. Strategy The campaign was more of creating a buzz in the social media that would have everyone talking about and participating in large numbers. Social media has become one of the