ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Thesis Statement Legal positivism must be committed to the view that there is a right to civil disobedience. In some instances, the failure to have a clear legal meaning of civil disobedience rationalizes the need for guaranteeing the citizens the right without prejudice. Introduction From a liberal point of view, the government should endure some level of civil disobedience as long as the subsequent actions do not threaten the state security nor infringes on the civil rights of other people. This means there might be a point at which the state could allow the people to express their views without being victimized. Notably, Legal positivism means that someone’s view should not be mistaken for dishonesty. In this regard, the person could suffer severe consequences for exposing his ideas to the authority. In this case, the authority may take action against the person’s opinion without evaluating its rationale. Therefore, instead of upholding the person’s dignity, the state might subject him/her to harsh punishment for expressing a view that could be important to the security of the country. Therefore, the paper is a critical observation of the law, and tries to justify the need for, and importance of civil disobedience. Discussion Liberalists argue that the state should exercise restraint when deciding and executing punishment to what they term civil disobedience (Dworkin, 2005). In their argument, it is insensitivity to convict someone for the opinion that according to the government is regarded as disobedience, while for the person; the action is regarded as civil right (MacCormick & Ota, 2010). Therefore, punishing those who are deemed to be civil disobedient must be done within the limitations of its reliability, impartiality and under the policy guidelines of the state. The other issues considered as very important is the fact that the metal soundness of the person feared to be disobedient must also be considered to avid punishing an insane person (MacCormick & Ota, 2010). Even to the person regarded as insane, he/she cannot be considered disobedient if the action he/she has committed has not been verified to have contravened the country’s legal system. Perhaps, this is the initial step to make the government allow civil disobedience in the state. Tolerance to disobedience must be with limitation and scope, but liberalized to make sure that the state does not overstep on the rights of the citizens (Dworkin, 2005). Notably, this balance should take care of the implications that rise due to the liberalization of the laws touching on the punishment of people assumed to have engaged in civil disobedience. Civil disobedience should be accepted as long as the people engaged are such activities are prevented from undue legal prosecution from the authorities (Dworkin, 2005). Other than not being subjected to punishment at all, the charges for their activities should be reduced significantly. Many of the legal scholars assert that the success of civil disobedience depends on the extent
The assigned case describes a patient with a history of substance abuse who was treated by EMS following an opioid overdose. The patient complained of burning pain in his hip and forearm. Upon examination, these areas revealed a large amount of necrotic tissue. The patient also had hyperkalemia with a serum potassium level of 6.9m Eq/L. The symptoms described in the case suggest that the patient has rhabdomyolysis. This condition involves the rapid dissolution of skeletal muscle due to damage or injury (Torres et al., 2015). It is potentially life-threatening as it leads to ” the release of cell components like myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase and potassium into circulation” (Stahl, Rastelli, & Schoser, 2020, p. 877). Drug use is among the causes of the development of rhabdomyolysis. However, the condition is tied to various other causes, including traumatic injury, infections, muscle ischemia, metabolic, and genetic disorders (Torres et al., 2015). Genetic factors that contribute to the development of rhabdomyolysis include metabolic muscle disorders, mitochondrial disorders, muscular dystrophies, and conditions impairing intramuscular calcium release and excitation-contraction coupling (Scalco et al., 2015). Hence, genetics plays a role in the development of rhabdomyolysis because certain genetic illnesses can increase the patient’s risk of rhabdomyolysis and contribute to its development. The patient’s symptoms are associated with opioid overdose, as well as with rhabdomyolysis. On the one hand, opioid overdose caused depression of breathing, leading to unconsciousness, which are both signs of the condition (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2018). On the other hand, rhabdomyolysis was associated with burning pain in the extremities since myalgia, muscle weakness, and dark urine are the classic clinical triad of rhabdomyolysis (Stahl, Rastelli, & Schoser, 2020). Myalgia, in this case, was caused by the destruction of muscle tissue in the area and the release of cell components into the bloodstream. As part of EMS treatment, naloxone was administered, causing the patient to become responsive again. This physiologic response to the stimulus is tied to the effect that naloxone has on the body following an opioid overdose. Naloxone reverses the impact of opioids on the body, thus resolving respiratory depress
Introduction Psychologist began the work of studying gender identity in the late 1950s when they established the first gender research project and developed a lot of theories of gender identify.Originally, gender identity was a medical term used to explain the process of reassigning sex to the public. Nowadays, the term gender identity is quite different from sexual identity. It is now used to indicate self- identification as male or female. Long before the dawn of the 20 th century, person’s sex was determined entirely by the appearance of the genitalia or sex organs. Some people are surprised by their biological sex and their gender identity correspondences. (Lorber, 1994) Main body All transgender people including transsexual and many intersexed persons have complications in which they can explicitly determine their gender and adopt gender role based on sex. This makes such individual’s behavior to be quite inconsistent with their gender identity. Gender dysphorai is closely connected to phenotypic nature with hormones. Trans sexualizing is considered to be a neuron–developmental condition of t
Introduction Culture helps in defining an individual’s identity. It shapes all human concepts. Numerous debates have attempted to explore the impacts of culture on an individual’s developmental features. 1 Culture triggers the manifestation of identity that gives the individuals their exposure and orientation. This supposition holds that if the same individual is raised under a different environment, he/she may ultimately exhibit a different identity altogether. In sum, different cultures denote diversity, which is an inspiring agent in all learning concepts including but not limited to gospel communication. Diversity incorporates different features among individuals including ethnicity, socio-economic, language, and gender, orientation, as well as those with special needs, and the gifted. 2 With increased globalization, the church environment needs to be responsive to diversity for varied groups to interact and give off their best. Diversity brings on board different individuals with strengths and weaknesses that integrate to provide equilibrium of standardized performance. Religious leaders have a duty to make diversity work for them as well as for the members of their churches. Moreover, with diversity, the followers can redeem their weaknesses and unleash their potentials to impact on their communication capacity. Culture as the basis of diversity in the church Diversity is the basis of enhanced learning. The foundation of the church stems from people of diverse backgrounds. Differing orientations are unique elements that the church can model to leverage individuals to offer their exceptional abilities. 3 Gospel communication seeks to engage human potential to discharge their very best. Effective ecclesiastical structure embodies the norms of culture. Evidently, an element of communication such as mutual understanding and interaction amongst people of different backgrounds is necessary. 4 Diversity gives strength to humanity. It opens up the church to explore the gospel as different individuals come up with various experiences. Shifts in the demographic trends imply that the churches will have to bear with much heterogeneous groups to ensure everyone take part in the contribution of the gospel. It is no doubt that institutions with more diverse groupings are formidable centers that guarantee greater gospel communication. Culture represents human activities and unique structure designs that symbolize the importance of a specific course of action, behavior, or orientation. Even though culture is intangible, it dictates tangible items such as food, architecture, clothing, and other forms of art, which often form the goals, missions, and objectives of organizations. In essence, culture represents the complex phenomena that regulates learned human behaviors, characteristics, and skill patterns. Essentially, culture has a greater impact in the performance of the church to deliver the gospel. Culture as an incentive for greater performance Cultural orientation in the churches is an incentive
Introduction It would be the anticipation of any rational employer that their employees work with optimal levels of efficiency. This includes appropriate use of resources, including but not limited to working time and other equipment (Moussa, 2015). It would not be prudent for the employer to just sit and assume that the employees would be compliant. Therefore, the employer would be vigilant and, therefore, monitor the employee while at work (Cox, Goette, & Young, 2005). On the other hand, employees are human beings, who have rights (especially right to privacy and personal space). Apparently, there are contradicting interests and, therefore, it would be interesting to know whether monitoring of employees at the workplace is acceptable. Moreover, a more pertinent question would be on the legalities and ethical issues associated with workplace monitoring. This research paper is centered on the legal and ethical issues relating to workplace monitoring. It attempts to answer the question, “Is Workplace Monitoring Legal and Ethical?” Peer-reviewed journals and other relevant sources are used in the literature review. Thereafter, a discussion is made based on the literature review resulting in a conclusion. Literature Review Apparently, issues related to legalities and ethics associated with workplace monitoring have attracted the attention of many scholars, business people, pundits, and other pertinent stakeholders. As such, there is a considerably sufficient literature material trying to answer whether it is legal or ethical for an employer to monitor their employee. In addition, some literature material attempt to categorize elements that are agreeable to be monitored and what are not agreeable. Yerby (2013) confirms that the question of legal and ethical issues related to workplace monitoring elicits diverse and complex responses. The author notes that employers who do not monitor their employees’ workplace activities are likely to suffer financial loses and are potentially liable for any hostile environment created by employees. However, the author is concerned with the lack of common legal frameworks regarding workplace monitoring. Further, Yerby (2013) notes that current legal frameworks do not outlaw workplace monitoring. In fact, employers are legally bound to monitor employee, especially when the employee would create hostile working environment if not monitored. Regarding ethical issues related to workplace monitoring, Yerby (2013) proposes that employee monitoring is appropriate and, therefore, there are necessities to practice it. However, the author highlights the need for proper employee training on proper resource usage. Moreover, the author proposes that employees should be made aware of possible intrusion and monitoring while at workplaces. Nord, McCubbins, and Nord (2006) suggest that when employees are not monitored, a firm may suffer loses emanating from non-productivity, and non-work related employees activities. As such, workplace monitoring is necessitated. Furthermore, Nord, McCubbins, Nord (2006) assert that although legal frameworks may be slower than technological advanceme
Although the Middle East is considered to be a developing region, it has been a hub for global trade for many centuries. There are several factors that make the Middle East one of the most competitive and promising regions across the globe as far as trade is concerned. First and foremost, it is rich in natural resources, which maintain its rapid growth. Moreover, government leaders have recently introduced a number of structural reforms to decrease excessive reliance on oil and promote economic and industrial diversification. Second, the region has a favorable geographic location at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe, which allows it to be in the center of international trade. The third factor can be attributed to the 21 st century as it is connected with an e-commerce boom (increased popularity of technologies), which brings new investors. Finally, the Middle East has always attracted a lot of tourists, which also makes it stay afloat in the global market. However, there are numerous concerns, problems, and challenges that hinder the process of trade development in the region. Despite all the aforementioned advantages, the economic performance of the Middle East is rather weak, mainly owing to high rates of population growth and low productivity. The public sector of the majority of counties is large and costly, while financial markets are underdeveloped (often characterized by inappropriate exchange rate policies). Besides, there are ongoing armed conflicts that hinder progress and lead to eroding public finances, crippled tourism sector, the volatility of commodity prices, falling revenue, supply chain disruptions, and general uncertainty. Although these problems may have a considerable negative impact on businesses in the Middle East, its position is considerably improved due to abundant natural resources, which attract global industrial leaders. More than 60% of the petroleum produced all over the world originates from this region. Despite the fact that oil deposits serve as the major driver of the economy of the region, human resources should not be neglected either. Education in the Middle East is highly valued, which accounts for the fact that the majority of business people are educated up to or even beyond the university level. There are plenty
Introduction In the context of present-day developments, a business cannot achieve high results without IT and digital technologies. If enterprises do not implement the recent innovations in the field, it will lead to inefficiency and economic impracticality (Rainer & Prince, 2019). Therefore, the modern business environment is dependent on IT technologies, and, consequently, it is extremely vulnerable to various cyber threats (Rainer & Prince, 2019). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to cover the types of possible threats and mitigation methods, explain the importance of a continuity plan, and outline ethical and privacy concerns for organizations. Types of Threats and the Ways of Mitigation There are numerous types of cyberthreats, and the number of different options is increasing rapidly. All of them may be separated in unintentional and deliberate, and threats may be released by various methods (Bellanova & González Fuster, 2019). First of all, hackers may stick to the approach of social engineering, which implies posing a threat via the employees of an organization (Bellanova & González Fuster, 2019). For instance, it has become a common sight for people to receive a phone call from a bank employee who asks the client to confirm a monetary transaction. In case people reveal their personal and private data, they are despoiled. In order to provide security in these situations, it is essential to inform the customers of the correct behavior in case of phone calls from the bank. Furthermore, businesses implement additional checks of identification for monetary transactions. Another widely spread method is brute force, which is applied whether an enterprise has a security system of high quality, as it is extremely difficult to reach the data via other means. Using special software, malefactors successively attempt to guess the password by applying all the possible options (Bellanova & González Fuster, 2019). The only effective way of mitigating this threat implies the constant renewal of access codes and passwords. In addition, a sufficient solution could be the implementation of programs that monitor the attempts to enter the system and the time when they were made. Moreover, these days, software viruses appear to be a popular form of cyber attack. The example of these viruses are cbf, chip dale, just, foxmail inbox com, watnik91 aol com (Bellanova & González Fuster, 2019). They codify data, which is stored in photographs, appliances, electronic tables, and files (Bellanova & González Fuster, 2019). Companies, which have encountered such threats, are offered to return the data in exchange for a significant sum of money. Fre
Abstract CultureWorks ESL School has existed since 1998 in Ontario, Canada. Unlike the conventional ESL schools, CultureWorks provides international students with a letter of conditional acceptance to the University of Western Ontario and other affiliated University colleges, which gives international students an opportunity to study in Canada. The school as experienced a tremendous growth in the recent years because of an increase in the number of international students in Canada, especially in the Ontario region. The institution’s conditional offer gives international students an opportunity to study in a well-known university in Canada. A strong teacher team has helped CultureWorks to earn a favourable reputation throughout the world. As a result, CultureWorks expanded its business to Ottawa in collaboration with the Carleton University. However, many challenges have emerged during the expansion. For instance, there is a strained relationship between employees of CultureWorks and those of Carleton University. This research explores challenges that face CultureWorks because of a rapid expansion and collaboration strategy. In this regard, the research applies human resource management (HRM) principles to highlight challenges of sustaining the growth and proposes recommendations for effective management of partnership and strained employee relationships. Introduction Many organisations struggle to meet the dynamic needs of their customers as they react to changes in markets. Meeting customers’ needs and beating competitors require an appropriate use of internal and external relationships, which ensure that an organisation has the potential to sustain its objectives and emerging growth initiatives (Rastogi, 2000). The strategic need to collaborate with other institutions and people is now a crucial factor of success in a highly dynamic and competitive environment. Organisations should collaborate with others in order to capitalise on accessibility and resources they lack. Therefore, building a successful organisation in a competitive global economy requires firms to form strategic alliances for mutual benefits. In this regard, firms should create a partnering culture in order to facilitate collaboration with other partners. Partnership and alliances have a great potential in promoting growths of organisations. CultureWorks and Carleton Univ
Pharmaceuticals are crucial to the system of healthcare across the world; therefore, the United Nations proclaimed that every state should provide universal and equal access to it. To fulfill this objective, every country accepted global coverage for pharmaceutical services – except for Canada. In Canada, universal insurance expires as soon as the patient has received the prescription and is out of the doctor’s cabinet. Disregarding the national pharmacare program leads to inequities, financial losses, and weakens Canada’s purchasing influence on the global pharmaceutic market. The latest report on the program implementation was documented in 2019; however, no explicit decision was made. Even though Canada considers the pharmacare plan as unbearably expensive, some critics believe it is crucial to let the government pay off high-cost medicines prescribed to the country’s citizens. Medical prescriptions allow millions of Canadians to fight severe diseases, ease pain, and prevent the occurrence of symptoms – in other words, to lead a healthy lifestyle and live longer. However, the healthcare system of this state is flawed by the fact that there is no universal drug coverage program. Today, the drug costs take the second place for expenses in Canadian healthcare system. As a result, many Canadians are devoid of the possibility of acquiring expensive drugs and are literally left to die. Drug prices have significantly grown since the last decade. In Canada, drug spending has risen from $2.6 billion in 1985 to $33.7 billion in 2018 (Wudrick 7). There are, however, governmental organizations that provide pharmaceutic coverage for vulnerable groups such as seniors or invalids, but other people are to buy drugs themselves. The number of those who do not have private insurance is around 10% of the entire population (Koch 15). As a result, thousands of surveys reported that Canadians could not resort to the pharmacy due to their inability to pay for the prescribed medication (Wudrick 6) The Proponents’ Opinion The idea of issuing a national pharmacare program is not a novice to the Canadian government. It has been suggested in every study of Canada’s healthcare structure from the 1964 Hall Commission report to the Pharmacare Now report. This act proclaimed that all the healthcare services should be accessible, understandable, and equal to anybody. Medicare was first introduced in the 1960s; prescription medicines were essential but did not present a significant element in a healthcare system. Moreover, there was a limited range of inexpensive drugs available to citizens. The government decided to focus on physician services and hospitals, as they were considered the main components of the healthca