Introduction Background Of The Study Afghanistan has been predominantly a Muslim nation since its invasion by Arabs who converted the natives from their diverse faiths into the Muslim faith. The country’s population is however diverse in terms of ethnic and linguistic divisions. It comprises the Uyghur, Turkmen, Tajiks and Aimak among other groups (Rubin, p. 20). The Afghanistan war is attributed to the Soviet’s involvement in internal affairs of the then-Democratic republic of Afghanistan, conflicts of the superpowers, internal anti-government rebel groups and interference from Pakistan. The coup that occurred in 1975 ushered in the Democratic government under the Democratic Peoples’ Party led by Nur Mohammed Taraki who was also the president of the democratic republic of Afghanistan (Fry et al. p. 356). This government was supportive of the soviet ideologies and against western activities. This led to its division into two groups; the extremist and the moderate factions. The extremist group led by Hafizullah Amin had the president assassinated thereby prompting the soviet invasion of Afghanistan on the 24 th of 1979. Under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, the soviet’s invasion was to ensure that a government is in place that was loyal to the Soviet Union in order to overcome the USA and Chinese influence in the east and the Islam-dominated regions. The Soviet forces killed Amin and installed Barbrak Karmal as the new president of the democratic republic of Afghanistan. Consequently, the movie made the Karmal government unpopular even among its Army (Fry et al. p. 356). The Soviet Union’s invasion and involvement in the internal affairs of the Afghan Government signaled the beginning of the Afghanistan War that lasted well over ten years. The war was fought with the Soviet Unions troops that were supporting the Marxist government of the Karmal government on one hand and the Mujahideen rebels on the other. The move by the Soviet Union also prompted the involvement of the USA, UK, Pakistan and Egypt in the war. These latter countries were all in support of the Mujahideen resistance to the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan. The war was fought from 1979-1989 with the exit of the last Soviet Union troops under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev (Goodson, p. 3). This paper seeks to give an account of the activities that lead to the war. It provides in-depth discussions into the Soviet Union’s involvement in the war, the international position on the activities of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, foreign involvement and help to Mujahideen, the withdrawal and exit of the Soviet Union’s troops in addition to the Consequences of the war. The Afghanistan War The Soviet Union’s involvement in the War The end of the Second World War is marked by the signing of numerous treaties between nations. One such treaty had been signed between the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The treaty allowed the Afghan government to seek military assistance from the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union used this treaty as an excuse to invade Afghanistan and help the Afghan government in fighting the Mujahideen rebels (Artyom, p. 5). The first group of the Soviet paratroopers arrived in Afghanistan without their paraphernalia and worked as presidential aides for President Taraki. As time went by, the Afghan government made more requests to their Soviet counterparts for more mil