ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The French Revolution (1789-1815) came a time when the political systems and structures were in great disfavor of the general population. This essay explores some of the factors that spurred the revolution from different perspectives. Fiscal irresponsibility The constant state of financial crisis in France when King Louis XVI was in power was a sour taste in the mouth of many. To make matters worse, the Seven Year’s war that was financed by the Kingdom drained the regime financially leading to a state of desperation among the citizens. The relationship between the aristocracy and the King grew tense. As a result, publishing of the royal decrees by magistrates deployed at the parlements was constrained by the very magistrates as a way of showing their discontent. The fiscal irresponsibility was aggravated when the King commissioned France to yet another war (Dwyer & McPhee, 2002). Subsequently, rebellion and a spirit of revolution began to ferment among the commoners, the nobility and the clergy as well as the wider French society. Democracy and brotherhood Real democracy in France came at a time when elections were permitted for all groups of citizens, drawn from different classes and estates. Indeed, the spirit of brotherhood was visible in the wake of democracy as Estates General announced elections that almost immediately, sparked vicious rounds of political debate and wrangling (Dwyer & McPhee, 2002). Needless to say, the spirit of brotherhood was heavily demonstrated by the members of the Third Estate who organized various public forums to demand for a wider democratic space than they had been allotted before. Later, the Estates general gathered a host of grievances in note books as a show of solidarity wit the cry of the people in terms of political dissatisfaction. The universality of unhappiness was vividly demonstrated in this collection, a real display of brotherhood towards a common foe-unpopular regime (Kishlansky, Geary & O’Brien, 2008). Hubris The high state of arrogance, self confidence as well as excessive pride among the autocratic rulers played a key role in the French Revolution. It is understood that at one point in time, the noble existence of the National Assembly was arrogantly refuted by King Louis XVI. As much as the National Assembly was a constitutionally structured organ, he did disregard in totality and instead started marshaling troops in order to forcibly f
Introduction Recent advances in mobile technologies have made handheld devices an integral part in the lives of most people. While the primary use of these mobile devices has been communication and entertainment, the education sector is beginning to make use of mobile technology. Mobile applications enable students to utilize their mobile devices for academic work. These applications build on the popularity of mobile technology among the youth. To cater for this demand, many developers have emerged offering a wide variety of applications that purport to support the classroom needs of the student. This paper will discuss mobile application technology and its current use in education. An examination of the positive and negative aspects of this technology will be provided and future possibilities proposed. Overview of Mobile Applications Mobile devices are typically hand held devices that are characterized by portability, social interactivity, connectivity, context sensitivity and individuality. Mobile applications are programs developed to perform specific functions through these devices. Recent year improvements in wireless technologies and networking infrastructure have had significant impact on mobile applications. Jeng (2010) elaborates that because of these improvements, applications that require higher memory and bandwidth resources can be implemented and used for educational purposes. Even so, mobile applications have to contend with the limited screen size and computational power of mobile devices when compared to desktop computers. Mobile applications take into consideration the capabilities of the target devices and the information is therefore presented in a manner that is appropriate for the diverse mobile devices (Jeng, 2010). Mobile Applications in Education Kiger, Dani and Prunty (2012) document that almost every student in the US owns at least one mobile device and they invest considerable time, effort, and resources in their mobile devices. For this reason, application developers see the potential that the educational field has. Hundreds of the mobile applications developed are focused on education. Mobile applications can be exploited in a number of ways in the educational setting. Some of the applications are created to implement context-aware ubiquitous learning. These applications also enable seamless learning since many students carry their mobile devices everywhere they go. As smart phones become more popular with students, learning institutes are looking for ways to
Looking through the various theories of morality, it could be noticed that Kant’s three premises present the ultimate ground for the philosophical process. Kant’s three premises, also known as categorical imperatives, follow the rules of morality and ethics (Allison). The first premise reflects that person who acts morally would be unconditionally “right” in any circumstance (Allison). The second premise indicates that conduct is “right” in the situations; it is recognized as an end in itself and not as a means to an end (Allison). The conclusion of Kant’s idea is that person acting morally follows universal law that governs others in similar circumstances. In the movie “Gone Baby Gone,” a clear distinction between morals could be observed. According to the first premise, Patrick’s action is morally acceptable, as he returned the victim to the position without triggering the rightness or wrongness of this position (Allison). The question is directed to the rightness of any detective in a similar situation conducting those actions. Nevertheless, Kant’s philosophy supports this position prioritizing right over the good. Based on the second premise, Patrick’s steps are moral because he respected Amanda’s dignity and treated her in a better way than other people. Here, Kant’s theory states that humans are special creatures; therefore, their ends do not mean everyone. In conclusion, it could be claimed that the detective’s actions were morally right. Reporting a kidnapping to the police, he established a universal law governing detectives in similar situations (Allison). From a different perspective, the final actions in the movie also correspond to Sandel’s three contrasts that rely on morality, freedom, and reason. The main final represents all necessary components of this structure. Works Cited Allison, H. E. (n.d.). Kant’s three propositions, the supreme principle of morality, and th
The book Believer’s Baptism: Sign of the New Covenant in Christ , written by Thomas Schreiner and Shawn Wright, argues that modern Baptist tradition needs reformation. In particular, the authors, through the study of church history and numerous biblical texts, show that credobaptism is a real ritual of introducing a person to the Christian faith. Within the framework of this controversy, paedobaptism, widely accepted by the Reformed Church, is viewed as non-compassionate since the infant cannot consciously practice the faith. Thus, the book, on the basis of numerous biblical justifications, proves that credobaptism is a rite of voluntary initiation of a person into the faith. Brief Summary The book is a study of both church history and Scripture to support the claim that baptism is meant for believers. The authors argue that “Baptism is important precisely because it is tied to the gospel, to the saving work that Christ accomplished in his death and resurrection.” 1 From the point of view of Schreiner and Wright, baptism is a rite of initiation into the Christian faith, which is prescribed by Scripture. In particular, the authors consider credobaptism (believer’s baptism) as a true Christian form. In contrast, paedobaptism (infant baptism) is perceived as the desire of evangelicals to introduce unbelieving babies into the covenant community. Authors emphasize that it is “primarily in the Reformed tradition, who baptize infants not because they believe that baptism regenerates … but because they believe that baptism brings the child into the covenant community.” 2 Thus, the authors consider credobaptism as the only form of baptism which is consistent with Scripture. The content of the book provides an argument for defense through the study of sacred texts, as well as criti
Introduction Obesity has long been viewed as a serious, chronic condition within the health care system of the United States. It has a substantial adverse impact on the health, well-being, and quality of life of the affected individuals and can present a significant societal burden, with obese persons being at an increased risk of developing various comorbidities and putting an ad
Medicare is the federal health insurance program, whose benefits are awarded in three groups; first is the beneficiaries exceeding 65 years of age and comprises the largest group. The second group comprises the disabled persons while the last one covers individuals with end-stage renal disease. The beneficiaries acquire assistance through a traditional plan where they can attend any healthcare facility, which approves Medicare. The other way is the Medicare Managed Care Plan such as Medicare advantage where beneficiaries are registered to a private healthcare plan with a limitation of healthcare providers within the network. Medicare managed care plan awards extensive advantages often give physicals as well as prescription drugs to counterbalance their limited networks (Cleverly et al. 2010). Medicare cover comes four parts which include parts; Part A- Hospital insurance covers inpatient hospitalization, paid through monthly premiums. Part B- medical insurance pays for outpatient and physicians fee and includes physical as well as occupational therapy. Part C enable healthcare organizations to award insurance plans as added benefits to Medicare beneficiaries like dental care, but is limited to network members only. Part D- Medicare Drug Plan ensures provision of prescription drugs, which cover only drugs and Medical advantage Plan, which covers medical services as well as drugs via private insurers. Added premiums have to be paid to cover for the services. Original Medicare plan has the most members especially the elderly, who pays monthly premiums for part B as well as D and have to pay for deductibles & coinsurance sums through policies such as Medigap or Supplemental Medicare insurance, if they are not covered by Medicaid (Cleverly et al. 2010). The Medicare program would even be more beneficial if it retained rational payment for echocardiography facilities in non-hospital set-ups. Reference Cleverley, W. O., Cleverley, J. O and Song, P. H. (2010). Essentials of Health Care Finance . Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children is an eternal creation Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children is one of the greatest plays of the 20 th century. It raises essential issues which any person should try to respond. Being written during the most horrible war in the history of humanity it cannot but maintain its importance throughout times. Of course, this play was played by many performers and interpreted by many play writers and theatre directors. One of the most remarkable interpretations of Brecht’s masterpiece is George C. Wolf’s play which forces people to think about the eternal values and the horrors of war which should be stopped on the Earth and in each person’s heart. The purpose of the present paper is to reveal the great power of the play which is aimed at revealing the filthy nature of war. The theme of the play The Brecht’s play depicts several episodes of the main heroine’s life during the Thirty Years’ War. The play’s structure is linear since there is always a definite time reference in each scene. For instance the play opens up with certain year identification: Spring, 1624 (Brecht 23). The main character of the play is Mother Courage, a canteen woman who tries to trade to survive during the war. She has three children, two sons Eilif and Swiss Cheese, and a daughter, Kattrin. Mother Courage is a strong woman who has to live in a very difficult time. She loses her children because of the war but still tries to move on. The play’s main idea and the way it is revealed Brecht reveals cruelty of death and senselessness of war depicting the poor woman losing her children. In this play he reflects the events of the real life which he could witness since so many women were wailing over their children. Brecht’s main idea, the horror and foolishness of war is especially vivid in the scene where Mother Courage is singing over her daughter’s body. The sorrow of one mother reveals the tragedy of many countries. Of course, not only the plot makes it one of the greatest plays. Any detail of this work is thoughtful and meaningful, even silence is always an emphasis of a feeing or a certain atmosphere. Every word is very precise and serves to create the necessary effect. For instance, Mother Courage always uses really simple language and describes really terrible events as if it was not a big deal. Thus, she speaks about her going through bombardment as if it is absolutely logical and simple to save her products (bread) under bombs: “They were going moldy, what else could I do?”(Brecht 25). So, every word or pause drives a deep image of horrible war into viewers mind. The canteen wagon itself impacts greatly the viewers since it creates an image of unsettled life of ordinary people facing danger every minute of their lives. There is no much setting bu
Deming, Juran, and Crosby contributed to the development of total quality management (TQM) practice. Deming focused on the processes, their planning, and execution. The philosophy of Karlee reflects this because the company uses systems approaches to its management. From Deming’s perspective, the plan-do-study-act model ensures the efficiency of operations. Karlee applies this by assessing the current state of the company’s operations, aligning this data with prospects for the future, and manage change. Juran focused on quality and its constant improvement through reviewing the processes and creating strategies that would help change the existing approaches for better ones. Karlee’s philosophy includes a statement of continual improvement, in which the organization claims that all processes are documented and the steering committee continually receives a status report. In addition, the factual approach that Karlee uses implies that team members analyze data to create strategies that would help improve the production process. Crosby is well known for his Zero Defects strategy that allows companies to match the quality of their products to customers’ expectations. Karlee adheres to this principle through its strategy of people involvement. More specifically, the establishment states that employees are responsible for the product and should adhere to the client’s requirements.
Introduction Technology has transformed the world into a global village, and firms are under pressure to find ways of gaining a competitive advantage over their market rivals in order to achieve success. One of the best ways of gaining this competitive advantage is to develop mechanisms of generating business intelligence that would provide the needed knowledge about the market. Management information system has widely been seen as the solution to firms for generating this knowledge. Using technology to collect, process, and store data about people, organisations, and processes has been found to be the best way of generating intelligence that can help an organisation gain a competitive edge over its market rivals. In this study, the researcher will analyze two companies in order to determine how they benefit from the management information system, and to propose changes that can be made to achieve efficiency in their production. ABC Company ABC is a leading wholesale and retail company with global market coverage. It offers a variety of products to its customers. The company is focused on providing diverse household products of very high quality at friendly prices. In order to charge this unbeatable price for its products in the market, this firm has been offering discounts on various products. In order to understand the business focus of this company, it may be necessary to use Porter’s Three Generic Strategies. Firms are always under pressure to distinguish their products from that of their competitors in the market in order to achieve a competitive advantage (Gupta 56). ABC Company has been using Porters Generic Strategy options in order to achieve competitiveness in the market. The diagram below shows the strategic options that have been available for this firm. Source: (Henry 67). As mentioned above, ABC Company has been using cost leadership strategy in the market by offering discounted products to its customers. This has helped it in setting fair prices for its products in the market. This giant wholesale and retail outlet has also been using the differentiation strategy in order to achieve a competitive edge over its market rivals. Most of the products sold at this firm are very similar to those that are sold in similar shops because they are manufactured by the same companies. In order to distinguish their products from those in other stores, this outlet has embraced unique packaging that gives them the superior image. This helps in creating the impression that products from the firm are of superior quality as compared to those of its competitors. In order to achieve maximum benefit in the market, ABC Company has also been giving massive focus on the market segments that are least exploited by other market competitors. The firm has been keen to develop unique products that can help it acquire a market niche that is not exploited by other market competitors. Main Divisions in ABC Company In order to operate successfully in the retail industry, ABC Company has
Introduction Even though taking risks is an integral part of every job and the probability of facing any particular type of loss seems vanishingly small when all the possible losses have combined the risk of facing at least one of them is overwhelming. Therefore, protecting one’s business from risks is an essential component of any successful business management. Main body Pansy Ellen Essman has built her business up thanks to her great idea to sell skillfully constructed sponge pillows that make bathing babies much easier. It is now crucial to pay attention to the details of risk management that may keep that business running. It is probably true that most threats to her business come from risks concerning the product use and she has insurance against that type of risk; however, there are other important risks as well. First off, given the fact that her firm has a production line, it is very important to equip every employee with the right type of protective gear to guard them against injuries at work. Secondly, it would probably be a smart move to hire a common carrier to distribute the goods to the sale spots because transportation in large trucks poses a great risk of car accidents that could deal great damage to the firm. Thirdly, fire risk is always a great threat to every firm, and installing a sprinkler system would be helpful in reducing the amount of damage that can be caused by fire. Finally, since the company is run by herself alone and she is already in her late forties there is a great risk of her illness or disability which could be fatal for the firm. It would be best to buy an insurance policy against that type of loss and if there are any key employees it would probably be a good idea to do the same for them. Risk-retention is generally a good idea because not every firm faces the same amount of work in every domain and it makes little sense to waste money on insurance against the losses which have no chance of taking place. For example, a firm that makes baby products in Atlanta, Georgia faces incomparably lower risks of hurricanes and earthquakes than one located in Florida, so it would be smart to retain the risk of that type of loss. Furthermore, it is true that this type of company faces far less risk of workers injury than, for example, a construction company; therefore, risk retention in that domain would probably be a rational decision. Conclusion For this type of company, it is best to center the insurance coverage on product risks, as it does already, but in addition to that, it should probably buy policies insuring against the owner’s or key employee’s disability or sickness because those events could stop the firm’s activity altogether. Furthermore, general health insurance for the workers would also be a good idea as well as insurance against fire both of which can be combined with installing proper pre
The article is about a research that was carried out to evaluate a patient population of 89 German solders who underwent treatment for post traumatic stress disorder at the German armed forces hospital in Harm bug from 1998 to 2003. The study employed the method of patients being assigned nonrandom a treatment group who got eye movement desensitization as well as reprocessing and a comparison groups of general hospital treatment group who had relaxation training. A follow up was made concerning the information after 29 months. Us with the aid of event scale and the post- traumatic stress scale (ptss-10) as parameters of improvement, an assessment was made on trauma-linked symptoms. The article is based on the need for German psychiatrists to systematically address the impacts of psychological trauma in post- World War II for the first time. During 1996-2004, there were about 1,098 of deployment linked to psychological issues. 421 of these were post- traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). An approach of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was developed by Francine Shapiro has become a valuable therapy for trauma. The essence of the course of PTSD in various military patient groups was transferable to other population of soldiers, who are yet to be engaged in major combat operations. The other objective of the study was to identify the specific features a traumatic event could influence PTSP in the solders. Questionnaires were used to gather follow-up data. All the patients were found to have sought treatment after being traumatized and in 3 to 12 months the tests that were carried out by well trained staff of the 89 solders 40 received EMDR treatment for in an important capacity which the other 49 received general treatment. After an average of 29 months questionnaires were sent to the 89 solders results were observed and recorded. After a period of 29 months it was established that who underwent EMDR therapy had lower total stress scores on IES and PTSS-10. Other than methodological problems encountered during the research the results obtained in the study showed that EMDR is a form of therapy with the ability to positively influence the long-term outcome of German psychiatric post traumatic stress disorder. The study established that EMDR patients exhibited a significant improvement on the IES in relation to pretreatment scores (Zimmermann, 4). Differently patients w