ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Under different circumstances, family social workers use various roles to facilitate change and improvement within families. These roles have their own functionality and are only appropriate when the situation demands. Seven roles are identified in social work practice – empathic supporter, consultant, enabler, mobilizer, mediator, and advocate (Collins, Jordan, & Coleman, 2013). This paper describes each of the functions and provides examples of when it is appropriate to use the role. Roles As an empathic supporter, a family social worker should concentrate on the family strengths and use them to help overcome the challenges (Collins et al., 2013). For instance, in a family where every family member continuously has conflicting opinions but has an ability to compromise, the social worker should concentrate on the latter instead of trying to eliminate opposing views. Empathic supporters utilize the available strengths to build a facilitative environment. In the teacher’s role, social workers should identify what specific skills should the family learn to overcome the challenges. Problems may occur because of varying reasons, but most of them can be solved by family members communicating effectively (Collins et al., 2013). Instead of trying to identify the exact causes of problems, the family social worker may encourage the family to learn the skills that comprise effective communication. Consultants provide assistance in problems that do not arise recurrently. For instance, if a family is challenged by the necessity to pay for a child’s tuition, the professional may advise possible solutions, including loan types or scholarship programs. Families may ask for feedback on matters like parenting, and the workers provide expert commentary. It is among the most recurring roles because the majority of families tend to ask for advice. The enabler role is appropriate in situations when the social worker deals with a family that does not know about available community resources or government programs. For insta
Introduction The period following the end of World War II was characterized with a great deal of technological development, probably as a consequence of the victories achieved by the Allied forces. The aftermath of World War II set in motion a wave of innovations that proved to be greatly beneficial in improving the living standards of the global population. Such advancements in technology were a direct consequence of the experiences gained during the several years of the War. An urgent need was felt to innovate in order to have more technologically advanced weaponry that would allow having the much required edge in winning the war. The potential for technological development had been thus created during the Second World War itself. After it ended in 1945, the available resources and technology could be gainfully used in the development of consumer goods that led to improved standards of living on a global basis. The technological innovations in this regard were made in several fields such as Linguistics, Medicine, Weaponry, Intelligence and Communication in addition to the technological progress made in manufacturing and service industries (Castells 45). The rapid advancement in technology during World War II was primarily inspired by the propensity to research and devise military strategies that would allow penetration and sabotage of enemy forces and supply lines respectively. In addition, innovation in technology was also inspired by the enhanced ability of the military to use technology in gathering intelligence, which was gainfully used in obtaining the much needed information about military capabilities and movement of enemy forces. After the World War II ended, the technology developed till that time could be further innovated in creating a virtual technological revolution that transformed the lives of humanity in the coming decades (Gray 36). World War II heralded noteworthy technological innovations in the areas of nuclear technology and information technology that revolutionized ways of living in the 21 st century. Nuclear Technology Invention of Nuclear Reactor The invention of the atomic bomb by the United States and its allies eclipses any other innovation made during World War II. Named as the Manhattan Project during World War II, the nuclear program of the Allies led to catastrophic consequences for the Axis forces, particularly in the context of the bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which led to the death of millions of people. Although the initial objective of the Manhattan Project was to use nuclear technology in establishing reactors for the generation of electricity under the auspicious leadership of Italian physicist Enrico Ferni, the need to annihilate German, Italian and Japanese forces during World War II made the Allied leadership to focus on developing the first atomic bomb. It was under the leadership of Enrico Fermi, who is recognized as the father of the atomic bomb because o
Introduction Reality television is a hybrid media genre which according to most analysts has dissolved the boundaries that previously existed between drama and documentary, fact and fiction, as well as between the audience and text. In modern world television programming, realty shows have defied categorization and have not only been stretching continually, but have also been testing the formats upon which they are based (Cunningham and Turner 2006, p. 185). The success of realty TV has mainly been due to the genre’s ability to fill the gap that is normally created by commercial demands for multi-channel television viewing 24 hours each day. But in actual fact, reality TV shows have not increased the length of television viewing hours because most people are very busy working at home or in their job stations. What makes reality TV popular to both audiences and broadcasters is the fact that the shows are available when people want to watch them (Hill 2005, p.190). Reality television as a genre in overall mix of Australian television Reality television entered into the general usage of television programming in the early decades of the 1990s through the footage of Fox’s Cops and other emergency programs. With time, reality TV diversified into various specialist forms and quickly spread out to include the popular Big Brother and Survivor reality game shows. These early reality television programs were popularly accepted by the press media as new programs exclusively packaged by the makers. The public was subsequently informed that real people were use in the place of actors in the reality TV shows and this made them unique when compared to earlier forms of television. But the game shows did not escape the same allegations that Cops and other like shows had been subjected to; being accused of openly encouraging voyeurism. In both the emergency service and game programs, the concept of novelty was highly overstated and these genres had a lot in common with earlier forms of television and film (Brenton and Cohen 2003, p.12). For Australian audiences, reality TV provided a new genre that captures their imagination through the ordinariness and realness of the shows in depicting life situations. But there is no reality in such programs as Survivor where camera crews are seen openly moving around with the ‘real’ action. Reality TV has become so flooded that it is actually difficult to compile a list of such shows. The use of celebrity characters in the shows has also become very common; being used as a method of making the shows more attractive and this aspect has somehow eroded the concept of ordinariness and reality (Johnston 2003, pp.135 &142-143). For commercial broadcasters in Australia and in many other parts of the globe, the decade spanning the 2000s has been characterized by reality TV shows. Overseas based low cost reality programs first appeare
Allen Ginsberg addresses some of the most urgent issues existing in contemporary society. The poem “Howl” was written in the middle of the 20th century, but people have not come up with effective solutions to eliminate drugs, crime, and violence so far. The poet reveals the darkest side of the world of consumers. His work is also an illustration of post-modernism ideas on combining reality and fiction, new forms, and multiculturalism. The poem is appealing and potent. This is achieved with the help of the form of the work. Combination of the depiction of reality and fiction is remarkable. Thus, the poets question on the role of the “sphinx of cement and aluminum” in the life of people makes people think of numerous issues (Ginsberg, 2014, n.p.). I also started thinking about the way the city affects people in general and myself, in particular. I now understand that people are becoming more distant from each other and lost in search of the answers to the ‘sphinx’s’ questions. Nonetheless, I think the poet exaggerates the wrongs of the society or rather shows all of them in a limited space of the city. I do not agree with the author, who says that “the best minds” of his “generation” were “destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked” (Ginsberg, 2014, n.p.). On the contrary, I believe that some people are lost and become hysterical and mad, but lots of people find their ways to live and love, create, and help others. Reference List Ginsberg, A. (2014). Howl . Web.
Definitions   * Accident: An incident with harmful consequences often associated with injury or fatality.   * Assessment: The process of reviewing a situation in terms of positive and negative impacts on a project.   * Capacity: Attributes, capabilities and resources within a project setting.   * Contingent plan: The process of reviewing actual and potential scenarios of a project before and during implementation to identify potential bottlenecks for effective risk mitigation response.   * Disaster/Hazard: An occurrence that has dangerous impacts on the project lifecycle or implementation.   * Risk mitigation: The process of planning for strategies aimed at reversing or avoiding the potential impacts of a risk.   * Risk preparedness: Specific plans in place to effectively handle potential hazards or risks in the course of a project.   * Risk recovery: Adjustments or modifications in the project plan to ensure that hazards are handled effectively for a quick recovery.   * Risk response: Availing assistance to persons affected by a disaster. Introduction Irrespective of the size of a project, accidents or disasters are associated with negative impacts such as social, economic, and physical damages. Although such damages may have short or long term impacts, their consequences have a detrimental impact on the resources invested in such a project. Irrespective of the magnitude of a disaster, there is a need for a focused, systematic, and practical contingency plan to correct or intervene in a timely manner to reduce the resulting damages. A potential mitigation process should integrate a comprehensive intervention mechanism in the form of a disaster and emergency plan (McDonald 2015, 25). This is necessary to proper preparedness to a disaster in order to guarantee a quick response and recovery process. In the 21 st Century, organisations across the globe have laid down strategic plans for effective disaster response and avoidance. Most of these response activities are controlled and implemented by relevant private or government agencies with adequate and qualified personnel. For instance, the Qatar Civil Defence Department (QCDD) is a public institution mandated with the responsibility of creating a sustainable mechanism for fighting fire-related disasters. The department has put in place systems for detecting, protecting, and preventing fire disasters to ensure minimal damages. Following the successful bid for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, QCDD has been nominated by the government to plan and avoid any stadium disaster during these games. This report presents a disaster/emergency plan for the Qatar Civil Defence Department to respond to a potential stadium disaster during the 2022 World Cup or any other game. Aim& Objectives The QCDD has been empowered by the government of Qatar as a public institution that manages and responds to major disaster incidences within its borders. In line with the successful bid by Qatar to host the 2020 Football World
Introduction The pathogenic microbes that contaminate water are transmitted to the host organism-man, upon the consumption of non-portable water. Invasion of freshwater by disease-causing microbes act as a fertile ground for food-borne- diseases. Diarrheal diseases normally occur as a result of drinking water from unsafe supply, poor sanitation, and hygiene. Etiologic agents for most water-borne diseases are protozoa, viruses, and bacteria. Protozoal infections include Amoebiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, Cyclosporiasis, Giardiasis and Microsporidiosis. Sources of causative agents in the water supply associated with these protozoal infections include sewage, untreated drinking water supply, animal manure, surface run-offs during heavy downpours, poor disinfection, pipe breaks, and groundwater contamination, amongst others. The infections symptoms of protozoan are abdominal discomfort, weight loss, flu, fever, and watery diarrhea, and muscle ache, loss of appetite, feeling of nausea, emaciation, and bloating. Water-borne diseases caused by parasites include schistosomiasis, Taeniasis, Fasciolopsiasis, Ascariasis and Enterobiasis. Bacterial waterborne infections include cholera, botulism, dysentery, leptospirosis, salmonellosis and typhoid fever. Viral waterborne infections include polyomavirus infection, polio, hepatitis A, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, gastroenteritis and adenovirus infections (Reynolds 192). Policy issues Relevant government departments concerned with public health should ensure that agencies that deal with water-borne diseases (for example, rural water supply and sanitation programs) are set up to help mitigate challenges often faced by rural areas in as far as the issue of water supply is concerned. The establishment of water supply and sanitation programs at the Municipal and City set up would ensure that residents get clean water supply. There will always be proper wastewater treatment facilities. This will in effect help in avoiding the outbreak of diseases. Such bodies can also take part in garbage collection at the Municipal and City setups. Such agencies can work in partnership with the local government authorities. The government should come up with legislation that would compel food processing industries to engage in good manufacturing practices and at the same time ensure that food is always prepared under aseptic conditions. Water used for food processing should be treated and has to be of the assured quality. The government should ensure that there is no further ingestion of contaminated water or food in the event of an outbreak of water-borne infections. Relevant government departments should also withdraw from the consumer shelf foods implicated with food-borne infections. Such legislation should be implemented by public health officials upon their visit to these institutions to ensure the required conditions are met. The government in cooperation with relevant international health agencies should ensure
There are different types of icons signifying different things and ideas associated with Buddhism. However, the following are the commonest and most popular ones that define Buddhism. The Right-coiled White Conch that coils on its right side is a symbol of the far-reaching, intensive and sweet sound associated with the teachings of Dharma. It is appropriate for a wide range of aspirations, natures and characters of disciples and compels them to come out of the deep sleep of ignorance. It encourages them to focus on accomplishing their welfare and that of others. The precious umbrella is a symbol of the entire work of shielding human beings from harmful forces and sicknesses in life. Generally, human beings should be preserved from all forms of suffering in the realms of gods and men. The victory banner is a Buddhist icon that represents one’s victory in different activities in the face of difficult situations. It also symbolizes that the Buddhist doctrine is victorious over every harmful and ill-intentioned force. The golden fish in Buddhist iconography symbolizes the perceived success of human beings since they are characterized by fearlessness and never think of perishing in the ocean of sufferings. They move from one place to another with ease just like the fish do in the waters. The Auspicious drawing represents the dependence that exists between secular affairs and religious doctrines. In addition, it symbolizes the unity that exists between method and wisdom and how wisdom will unite with great compassion when enlightenment comes. The whole purification of the body, mind and speech that has been defiled is symbolized by a lotus flower in Buddhist iconography. This flower symbolizes how wholesome deeds will eventually blossom after a happy liberation. The vase of treasure in Buddhist iconography represents a continuous rain of happy life, posterity, riches and all the good things of the world and freedom. The history of early Chinese paintings dates back to 6000 years ago. Early Chinese civilizations initially used pulverized or crushed minerals in painting ordinary designs, figures on pottery and shapes. The ordinary patterns were comprised of dots, animals, zigzags and spirals. Those who made the pottery pieces included Longshan, Xia Dynasty, Majiavao, Yangshao, Shang and Han Dynasties among other civilizations. Painted pottery is believed to have been used for the first time in ceremonies such as burials of prominent people. The pottery of Chinese people continued evolving and included human beings and animals in addition to the pots and vessels. Chinese painting was not left behind and during the reign of the Han Dynasty, paintings of beautiful figurines were produced. Available evidence indicates that early Chinese paintings were done on vessels made out of Bronze as the Bronze Age flourished, although this did not continue for long. Chinese painting started to evolve remarkably when the Xuanzhi or Shuen paper was invented. Traditionally, the paper was created from rice or
For this assignment, I have chosen the following fictional accounts of the US: The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and The Return of Mr. Wills by Mary Austin. Both of them discuss the same stage of American history, which is the period between 1880 and 1910. Although these two stories refer to the same time in the US history, they show that time from two completely different perspectives, and that is why it is hard to determine, which one of them gives a better description; still, in my judgment, The Jungle provides readers with more details that help to understand the US history. At the end of the nineteenth century, America had to cope with massive flows of immigrants coming from such countries as Canada, South America, China and Japan, as well as from different part of Eastern Europe. As data shows, there were almost 11 million of immigrants between 1870 and 1900. The majority of them knew only several words in English and were not familiar with the country as such. Naturally, the immigrants did not have any particular knowledge or skills and headed to America with only one purpose – to find a simple and routine job. The US, at the same time, faced the technological development, which resulted in the situation when machines made the majority of goods and products, and highly skilled craftspeople were not as necessary as before. So, the factories considered the newcomers as the cheap labor force, which was needed to cope with one or two simple and routinely repetitive tasks. Additionally, as far as the immigrants were searching for jobs, they mainly headed to cities. At the same time, many native-born Americans lived in the cities as well. As a result, those were overpopulated: more than 40% of all American population lived in the cities by 1990. The demand for workplaces became higher and higher, and factory managers realized that people could be provided with even more unpleasant working conditions, forced to work even harder, with longer hours and lower wages. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair presents those events very well. We see Jurgis Rudkus, a Lithuanian, and a family of his fiancée, Ona. All of them are in Chicago, where they have just recently moved. The author describes the living conditions provided for the immigrants very vividly. Every individual in the boarding house has only a mattress and some bedding. Some of the people even share the same mattress: a person who works at days uses it at nights and vice versa. The place where the boarding house is located is even worse. Jurgis and Ona go for a walk and find out that the plac
The case with Santa Fe restaurant owners is not unique in its observation and problems which are considered to be resolved. The owners in their predicted and real situations’ contrast should follow the attitudinal and behavioral features of the audience represented at that place. This concerns the fact that the majority of the population presupposes families with children and people aging 19-42. There are no establishments of big business and no blue-collar people living there. Thus, there should be a little different for an inhabitant of that place in an issue of where to have a bite: at home or in a restaurant? A middle-class evaluation of the area under analysis gives an opportunity o suggest breakfasts or business lunches proper prices without a big difference from money spent for preparing similar meals made at home (Michman, 1991). Moreover, the quality of ingredients and products on the whole area to be tested by consumers during a special measurement being, for example, an ‘open day’ of a restaurant. It is needful for the purpose of popularization of a new restaurant in contrast with previously known Jose’s Southwestern Café. Another point to be focused on is the time periods when the competitor’s café is closed and when there are probable breaks or inventory. Such time estimation can be used for making ad