ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction With the development of technology, people can take advantage of the fast communication systems or computer algorithms that allow analyzing data, presenting the quality of analysis, and working with the quantity of data unreachable for a single person. An intelligence cycle allows individuals to collect raw data and process it for adequate decision-making. Modern intelligence organizations use technology, which allows them to collect large amounts of data and derive essential insights from it. However, this process requires a structure and approach that would help carry out this task efficiently. This paper argues that the intelligence cycle is useful for modern organizations and can be leveraged through the use of intelligent systems. Essential Components Firstly, it is necessary to define an intelligence system and distinguish its main components, which will help understand its applicability in the context of modern intelligence organizations. Levchuk et al. state that in the past, such systems were only imagined by science fiction writers, while currently, they are becoming an integral part of people’s day-to-day lives (67). Usually, these systems can perform preset tasks or gather information. According to Levchuk et al., “increasing interdependencies between component devices, data, physical systems, and human users prompted researchers and practitioners to explore the implications of emergent device intelligence on broader aspects of our everyday lives” (67). According to Rause, it is a system connected to the Internet that can gather information and analyze it. However, the distinguishing aspect of these systems is the fact that they can also learn and their security. These systems can form networks of interconnected devices and include technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), chatbots, and other types of intelligence systems (Rause). Therefore, an intelligence system allows individuals or organizations to improve task completion and conduct gathering and analysis of large portions of data. Arguably, adequate decision-making requires one to use information, such as statistics, best practices, or other types of data. The Federation of American Scientists distinguishes five stages of the intelligence cycle – planning, collection, processing analysis, and dissemination of findings ( The Intelligence Cycle ). As the names of these stages suggest, before making a decision, one has to determine the goal and the specific information that should be collected to complete the task. An intelligent system usually consists of a device such as a computer, which should be secure and connected to the Internet. For proper analysis, intelligence organizations should have data warehouses for storing the information and data sources ( Business Intelligence (BI ). A set of such devices forms a network, expanding the capacity of the intelligence system and allowing them to work on complex tasks. Therefore, the essential components of an intelligent cycle are the five steps necessary to plan and carry out the decision-making process based on the intelligence cycle principl
Abstract The automobile industry is one of the complicated industries because consumer preferences differ distinctly and the purchasing trends are often unpredictable. To enhance understanding of the automobile industry, this paper investigated attributes that attract sport car owners by interviewing 10 sport car owners in the streets of New York. Simple closed-ended questionnaires designed with a Likert scale were useful in collecting responses from participants. The results show that men consider engine size, car price, car speed, and exterior design, while women consider the interior design and brand reputation. Significance of the study It is important to understand that different consumers have different preferences for products or services offered in any market (Marc & Barbara, 2013). Both consumers and manufacturers of automobile sports cars may benefit from this analysis. By establishing the attributes that attract sport car owners to purchase certain racing cars, the manufacturers can tailor certain attributes of cars to a specific gender, and thus, enhance their sales volume. For the businesspersons, manufacturers, distributors, and assemblers of sport and racing cars, analyzing the attributes would make them understand the most desired sports car features. Review of Literature A considerable body of literature reveals that the consumption trends are changing dramatically as the automobile industry undergoes a transition. Georgano (1985) analyzed the transition in the automobile industry from the elegant limousines of the 1930s to big and small cars in the 1960s. The Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) industry emerged in the 20 th century, with most cars made for racing events emerging from these innovations and spreading instantly across the world (Ahuja, 2011). The developing notion is that car preferences have changed in the automobile industry. With the increasing technologies that have shaped production techniques, the sports car automobile industry is receiving mixed views from consumers (Giucci, 2012). Many luxury car buyers experience anxiety while making purchasing decisions. Among factors that influence the decision-making of consumers in the purchasing of sports cars are the brand reputation, the reliability of the vehicle, the driving performance, safety attributes, design, and the car price (Ahuja, 2011). In the year 2000, the United States consumer survey showed that 30% of consumers have remained more concerned about the fuel efficiency of Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs), 23% others claimed that the car price is an important factor, and 27% stated that the interior of exterior appearances matters on the purchasing of SUVs (Marc & Barbara, 2013). Moreover, 19% of the respondents claimed that the brand reputation of a car matters, while the remaining 1% was unsure about their purchasing habits. Methodology The study mainly focused on the main attributes that attract car owners to purchase sports cars. The study employed closed-ended questionnaires (appendi
Majority of advanced societies are pluralistic. Accordingly, divergent views and interests have led to the formation of interest groups within these societies. Interest groups are, thus, a common feature in advanced liberal democracies. Examples of interest groups include businesses, labour unions and professional associations. Interest groups aim at drawing attention to their interests in order to put pressure on political institutions. Therefore, interest groups are a sure way of demanding service from the political class. Nonetheless, if not well regulated, interest groups can exert unnecessary pressure to the political class. Consequently, unpopular policies are formulated and enacted. Therefore, interest groups can have positive and negative impacts on a democracy. This essay looks at merits and demerits of interest groups to a democracy. One of the objectives of a democratic process is representation. Interest groups present the sentiments of a group to a government and the general public. Therefore, interest groups are one of the most important instruments of democracy. Virtually all political opinions are shared by a group of people. For instance, there are pro-life, pro-choice, gun rights advocates and other interest groups in the US. Representative governments or moralistic political cultures believe that a significant number of electorates do not participate in policy making. These governments or cultures are, thus, built on the notion that most voters involve themselves in the political process through elections only. Interests groups are formed to counter this notion. Interest groups, therefore, supervise an elected government. In most instances, these groups conduct research and create position statements on specific issues. These statements are later presented to politicians. To win over their support, politicians are compelled to pay attention to interest groups. In addition, interest groups use legal action to achieve objectives that are almost impossible to realize through legislation. Interest groups have been known to influence the government into making very useful legislations. However, interest groups have also compelled political institutions to pass laws that are unpopular with the masses. In view of that, interest groups can distort an almost perfect democratic process. Furthermore, some interest groups are heavily funded and well connected. Consequently, the playing field is not level for all interest groups. In most cases, governments act on issues raised by interest groups that are politically active. Therefore, other electorates who are not part of powerful interest groups are locked out of the political process. Moreover, it is difficult to join some
Arterial hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. The need to combat hypertension is due to the fact that it is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality. Currently, diuretics have firmly taken their place in the treatment of arterial hypertension. The effectiveness of this method of treating the disease is presented in the article by Sundeep, “Diuretics in primary hypertension – Reloaded.” Nowadays, the need for long-term or even lifelong drug therapy for arterial hypertension is crucial. Mills (2020) emphasized that “hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide” (p. 223). Among the existing diseases of the cardiovascular system, hypertension has the most significant number of treatment drugs and the most difficult choice of a specific drug for an individual patient. It is worth noting that interest in diuretic drugs has weakened, perhaps due to the appearance of more effective drugs (Sundeep, 2016). Another reason is the possible lack of tolerability and side effects when using high dosages. In the article, the author examines the problems in using diuretic therapy, reducing the mortality rate when doses are increased, and whether all diuretics have the same effect in treatment. Thus, according to Sundeep (2016), diuretics in low doses, especially thiazide drugs, are safer but do not benefit from mortality shown when taking high doses. Indapamide and chlorthalidone in low doses have fewer side effects but continue to be the main cause of death among patients. Therefore, the positive experience of using diuretics in the treatment of hypertension is associated with the safety of treatment, which implies a minimum of side effects and the availability of these drugs. In addition, they are medications that have demonstrated a reliable and gradual decrease in blood pressure and cardiovascular consequences. However, it is noted that the use of diuretics in low doses is still not used enough.
Isidore Lucien Ducasse was one of the most mysterious poets in French literature. During his literature career, he used a pen name Comte de Lautréamont and created only two works – Les Chants de Maldoror (in English, it is known as The Songs of Maldoror or just Maldoror) and Poesies. These works influenced considerably modern literature and are considered to be one of the first really surrealistic books. The Songs of Maldoror is one of the most exciting and horrifically wonderful books in French literature, and, probably, in the whole world. Maldoror is a bright surreal image of a great philosopher and murder simultaneously. The influence of the Lautréamont’s work is really great; his idea of terrible and misunderstood human being, Maldoror, turned out to be a real shock during the times of its creation, and has even the greater power nowadays. Maldoror is the major character of this novel and its narrator. He addresses to the reader, to his victims, and to everyone who could accidently read this story. This character is a pitiless murder, a sadist, who tries to hide behind the mask of a great philosopher. He is an outcast, who does not want to follow the general rules set by the society. However, all these characteristics do not make his a really negative hero. He is a fighter; he has his strong point of views and is ready to prove them any time. He knows a lot about ethics and philosophy, and he also truly believes that this society is guilty because it cannot accept Maldoror as he is. “Mother, I can hardly breathe: my head aches…/See, he slumps against the back of chair, exhausted…/I hear in the distance prolonged screams of the most poignant anguish/My son!/Mother, I’m scared!” (Lautréamont and Lykiard 45) At the beginning of the story, Maldoror even asks to forgive his intentions and ideas. He knows that what he is saying is weird, but he cannot do something to stop all this. He offers the reader to kidnap a child in order to torture him/her, enjoy the taste of his/her blood and tears. The first lines present a new character to the reader, he is really powerful with his own ambitions and intentions. He may easily present lots of evidences and proof that his ideas are correct. He says that blood is tasteless and this is what makes it so attractive. Maldoror has a burning desire to taste everything that not every person may allow and encourage the other to follow his example. One more idea, that deserves attention in this work, is Maldoror’s impiety. God is the creator of all beings in the world. He is the only one who has the right to create everything according to his own taste and desire. Maldoror cannot agree with such a decision to deprive him of being a normal part of the world. His ugliness and dissimilitude with the other humans makes him feel angry with God and despise own Creator. Such anti-theism of the main character contradicts all the religious aspects of those times and makes Maldoror unique and interesting to the reader. He blames God for all his sufferings and poor understanding from the society’s side. The character, created by Lautréamont, is rather original for the litera
Introduction Over the years, revolutionary advancements have been instigated in the tractor control systems’ field. These changes are primarily attributed to integrating various hydraulic inventions in the tipping trailer, braking system, implementing control structure, and steering to enhance this machinery’s optimum functionality. Hydraulic flow and pressure can be translated to motion and forces that enhance a tractor’s capacity to execute tasks that operators cannot perform manually or physically (Gannon, 2017). This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of tractor hydraulics and highlights the benefits of this particular technology. Discussion Types of Hydraulic System There are two forms of hydraulic systems: the open- and closed-center structures. The latter is typical in modern-day farm equipment; this includes most tractor models. When in neutral, this system’s closed center valve obstructs oil flow from the pump. This fluid travels to an accumulator, which typically stores it under pressure. The valves also block fluid flow via the center when the hydraulic is in the aforementioned state. A variable flow pump also halts its operation following the closure of the valve. Open hydraulic structures were commonly used in most of the preliminary tractors. When in neutral, this system’s open-center valves link all lines back to the reservoir, directly bypassing the pump, which is always in operation, fostering the constant flow of oil without accumulating pressure. Valves also allow the flow of fluid through the center and into the reservoir during this particular. Components of the Tractor’s Hydraulic System Reservoir Hydraulic oil, particularly non-pressurized fluid, is usually stored in the reservoir. According to Moinfar and Shahgholi (2018), reservoirs are usually vented towards the atmosphere to acclimatize the changing levels of oil. The air vent is fitted with filters to impede the entry of dust or dirt into the reservoir. The reservoir’s metallic walls enhance the cooling process of the fluid by improving the outflow of heat. The decreased pressure within this structure also gives room for dissolved or trapped air to escape from the hydraulic fluid. A sufficient surface area is also essential to foster the dispersal of heat. Lines Fittings and Hoses JIC and NPTF fittings prevent hydraulic components’ port leakage. NPTF taper pipe threads hinder seepage by using the male-to-female resistance thread taper. On the other hand, JICs sue O-ring (Moinfar & Shahgholi, 2018). The brake hydraulic system’s components are usually joined using hoses and lines. The latter connects the hydraulic system’s stationary parts while hoses consolidate in mot
Jesus is a Brand of Jeans Jean Kilbourne analyzes how the advertising industry influences society. She explains that advertisements have become daring in the past years; they do not promise to deliver certain emotions, but claim to replace humans. They corrupt and trivialize human beings and thus perpetuate objectification of people. They also breed a culture of selfishness and resentment about human values. The power of advertising lies in is subtle nature as most of its messages get through the subconscious mind. No one is immune from its messages. This focus on the superiority of products over people also commercializes the world and kills local cultures. It not only exhausts people’s external resources, but depletes their internal resources (spirituality, emotions), as well. Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals Jib Fowles looks at the power of advertising by analyzing its inner strategies. The author explains that advertisements circumvent protective or rational parts of the brain, in order to get to underlying motives, insecurities, and longings. He identifies fifteen emotional appeals that advertisements attempt to fill. They include the need for sex, affiliation, nurturing, guidance, aggression, achievement, domination, prominence, attention, autonomy, escape, safety, aesthetic sensations, curiosity, and physiological needs like eating and sleeping. He also adds that visual depictions are more effective than texts. Advertisements may contain more than one appeal and may tone down potentially repelling appeals using stylistic devices like humor. Advertising is a game of numbers, which only has to reach a small segment of the population to be effective. In Praise of Advertising As the name of the article suggests, John Hood, wanted to discuss the merits of advertising. Contrary to what consumer activists assert Hood believes that advertising demonstrates the triumph of the consumer. He then looks at various arguments against advertisements and counters them. First, some people believe that it minimizes competition by creating a barrier for entrance of new players. However, the author says that it serves an informative role and encourages consumers to try different brands. Other critics claim that advertising minimizes price transparency, but Hood believes it enhances it. Consumers access i
Introduction of rehabilitation and correction philosophy was the best step when providing fairness and justice to all. In essence, this was meant to modify peoples’ perspectives through rectifying their crimes and civil mistakes committed against other people. In this regard, great changes have occurred within the last few decades in this field of corrections. These improvements have reformed people through taking lessons in correctional systems initiated for this purpose. Generally, the corrections systems provide support, guidance, and programs for all offenders who are convicted to serve their sentences in order to instill positive changes. Correctional officers are have the knowledge and experience necessary to handle the various cases from the persons demanding these corrections. In addition, these officers offer them the guidance to direct convicts in the right path of life. In this paper, the futures of corrections will be analyzed in details. A hypothesis of challenges facing futures of corrections that require to be addressed in all aspects will be discussed. Most obviously, the correctional systems are intended to reduce crimes in the society at large. However, the challenge like the urge to revenge is a great hindrance in these corrections. In this respect, most convicts in the correctional systems spend most of their days planning to revenge against the claimant instead of focusing on changing their behavior to the better. Some develop bad attitude towards life and the people who interact with them including the correctional officers. Consequently, this need of revenge causes a great vicious circle of recidivism. Studies have shown that such incidences affect the futures of corrections and its development. Curbing the major issues of over-crowding in the correctional centers is among the most significance challenges that need to be addressed. Essentially, the human rights activists have carried out major campaigns to address the issue of over-crowding. Such groups insist on the importance of giving the convicts a better environment and good living standards like other people. In this insight, it is difficult for the correctional officers to monitor the corrections’ progress among the inmates in the centers. Therefore, there is a need of such problems to be checked and improved for the correction processes to become effective in the future. Generally, most of the crimes committed are caused by lack of jobs which lead to idleness and increment in the felonies. The need to provide families with the best lifestyles has driven most people towards crimes including such serious crimes as drug smuggling. Basically, those who are convicted due to these crimes are encouraged by the correctional officers to use better ways of making money once they regain their freedom. However, if the issue of unemp
Introduction The Beijing 2008 Olympics is to be held very soon. Many spectators are already planning and exerting extra efforts so that they will be able to watch first-hand every event in the said Olympics. However, there is no more excitement and preparation very hard than the athletes themselves. It has been a part of many athletes’ dream to take part in any Olympic event. And Oscar Pistorius is among these hopeful athletes who have been trying to prove that he deserves to be in the Olympics, particularly in the track and field category. However, some of the committee in the Olympics have suggested banning Pistorius from joining and their claim is that Pistorius, as a leg-amputee, has a mechanical thing attached to his body which provides an advantage for him over his competitors. This idea should not be supported. Pistorius deserves to join the Olympics, he has earned that right. He, therefore, should not be banned from joining the Olympics. Why Pistorius Deserves to be in the Olympics? Oscar Pistorius was born on November 22, 1986, with a diagnosed congenital disorder, particularly in his legs. Barely eleven months after he was born, his doctor was forced to amputate his legs from his knees to ankles. His legs were replaced with a j-shaped carbon-fiber prosthetics manufactured by Icelandic company Össur. His legs were coined as the “Cheetahs” (Hanc, 2007). Despite being an amputee or having prosthetic legs, Pistorius did not limit himself from joining various physical activities, especially while he was studying. In fact, he played rugby, water polo, and state tennis when he was 11 years old. He also had experience joining and playing in an Olympic Wrestling club. When he suffered from a serious injury while playing rugby, he then realized that he needed to take part in safer sports, hence the start of his running career (McHugh, 2008). It was in the year 2004 when Pistorious started to climb the success ladder in the track and field arena. He gained the tag as the “Blade Runner” and is normally believed as the “fastest man on no legs”. The very first major competition where Pistorious won was the 2004 Summer Paralympics which was held in Athens, Greece (McHugh, 2008). “ He came third overall in the T44 100 m event, which includes single amputees. Despite falling in the preliminary round for the 200 m, he qualified for the final. He went on to win the final with a world record time of 21.97 seconds, beating single amputee American runners Marlon Shirley and Brian Fra