ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Gwendolyn Brooks was an American poet who devoted a large part of her career to promoting social equality regardless of race, gender, and age. Growing up as an African-American woman in the 20th century has allowed the author to see the atrocities of society and public opinion firsthand. In her work ‘Primer for Blacks’, one of the themes is self-acceptance (Brooks). The author asks her readers to embrace their racial heritage and promotes self-empowerment through awareness. This issue is particularly relevant to minority groups who may feel oppressed by the dominant culture and attempt to reject their nature to fit in society. Nevertheless, self-acceptance is essential for every person regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, and past behaviors. Racism Evidently, in ‘Primer for Blacks’, Brooks primarily addresses racism as the fundamental force that affects the self-esteem and self-awareness of African-American people. While the situation is slowly changing, racial equality in the 20th century in America was highly unbalanced. The white-centric society forced its perspectives on people of all colors, making them deny their cultural heritage and accept the dominant culture. While acculturation is not a fundamentally deteriorating process, the vast dominance of white culture in the 20th century has negatively affected a large number of African-American people. The author mentions this issue by using such phrases as ‘half-Black, ‘wish-I-weren’t Black’, and ‘it’s Great to be white’ (Brooks par. 7). These people could not accept themselves for who they were and tried to become someone else. Unfortunately, this transformation might not always benefit the individuals. The research demonstrates that minority groups of color are more inclined to negative mental health consequences as victims of racist discrimination or internalized racism (Velez et al. 130). Some experts even define internalized racism as the discontent of an individual with their own race (Velez et al. 130). Evidently, this perspective leads to deteriorating self-esteem and other mental health complications. Various researchers have pointed out the direct correlation between internalized racism and psychological distress (Velez et al. 131). Naturally, the influence of the dominant white-centric traditions is unavoidable for people living in a multi-cultural society. Furthermore, the development of negative perspectives concerning minority groups is a common occurrence in many countries (Velez et al. 131). However, that is why self-acceptance is particularly relevant for racial minorities to minimize the effects of internalized racism. Heterosexism While Brooks primarily talks about awareness in terms of race, self-acceptance is a much broader term. Heterosexism or heterosexist discrimination is frequently described as a hate crime against sexual minority groups (Velez et al. 130). This term is a central point of gender and critical race studies in the field of psychology and is particularly relevant to the concept of self-acceptance (Velez et al
Introduction The modern trend to globalization becomes a reason for the emergence of a large number of international organizations. These organizations are characterized by the presence of employees with various cultural backgrounds. The concepts of multiculturalism and diversity are similar, although the former is narrower in its description of people. Traditionally, multiculturalism describes the composition of a group with multiple ethnicities, races, and cultures (Basabe & Ros, 2005). Diversity, in contrast, is a general term that may also incorporate people’s gender, age, sexual orientation, and other identifying characteristics that may determine these people’s behavior, experience, habits, and view of the world (Triana, Jayasinghe & Pieper, 2015). Thus, when considering the aspect of cross-cultural teams, one has to acknowledge the further ways in which people may identify themselves. Such distinction also allows one to delve deeper into the understanding of how different cultures and personal characteristics shape one’s attitudes and work ethics. The analysis of diverse teams is often conducted to determine whether they will yield more professional benefits or drawbacks for the organization and its stakeholders. On the one hand, the co-existence of people from different cultures is associated with numerous advantages. Diverse cultural perspectives can inspire creativity and boost innovation inside firms, while cultural sensitivity promoted by such teams can lead to increased local knowledge and improved targeted marketing (Lambert, 2016). On the other hand, cultural diversity can negatively affect the dynamics of cross-cultural groups if the team is misbalanced. It is clear that discrimination remains an issue in some communities where ethnic and other differentiating characteristi
Abstract Abu Dhabi Stock Exchange should start focusing on young investors in this country who have been ignored for a long time. These young people have the capacity to invest in various sectors that can help boost the economy of this country. However, there is a need to get the right education about stock market investment in order to realize its potential. When they have this knowledge, the government should introduce incentives that will make it easy for them to trade in this market. This is the only way ADX can attract young investors. Introduction Young people are succeeding in the stock market in various countries around the world. In Abu Dhabi, the youth have the potential to achieve a similar success if they are educated on approaches they can take when planning to invest in this area. However, Thomas (2011) says that most youths have ignored the stock market because they lack the right information. They do not understand how they can generate attractive incomes from the stock market. This plan seeks to find a way through which Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange can educate and attract young people to the stock market investment. The Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange should form a partnership with the Ministry of Education in order to find a way of introducing informative lessons about the stock exchange at early stages of learning. According to Becket (2012), the best way of reaching a large number of young people in an effective manner is through their class work. The current syllabus that is used in the high school and even in the college does not focus on stock market investment. It is possible for one to graduate from college without knowing anything about stock market investment, especially if they take courses, which are not business related. Examinable investment lessons should be introduced in high schools and colleges to enlighten the youths about investing in stock market. The management of Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange may consider starting mentorship programs, which target young people in this society in order to attract them to the stock market. It may be important to organize talk shows in schools and colleges to educate and attract young investors to the stock market. ADX can engage successful entrepreneurs in such talk shows in order to mentor young investors into this market. The social media can be very helpful in reaching out to the youth who have just left colleges. Such episodes may be posted in YouTube so that they can follow them anywhere in the country. Facebook and Tweeter may also be very appropriate in educating the youth about investment in the stock market. These initia
Marketing channels In recent times, marketing is increasingly becoming complex. The industrial revolution has been considered to be the primary catalyst for increasing market complexities. With improved transport systems, local goods have reached international markets. Characterized by different cultural demands and consumer preferences, among other factors, manufacturers are faced with the challenge of reaching these markets (Reddy & Pellegrini, 2012). Marketing channels have been developed to bridge the gap between the consumer and the producer to address this issue, to address this issue. In line with the importance of marketing channels, this paper will discuss the gap that separated the production from the consumer, the role of intermediaries in bridging the difference, and the purposes of marketing. Development of the Customer-producer Gap In the early times, the business was characterized by a primary mode of transport. This primary mode of transport ensured that the consumer got their products at the appropriate time. The cost of moving products from one place to another was a significant determinant of not only production but also distributing approaches. Therefore, products were placed closer to the raw materials (Boone & Kurtz, 2013). Through such methods, products found their way to the customer by way of linear chain distribution. Production and consumption were done at the local levels. Local production of products meant that manufacturers and consumers could effectively communicate with each other. It was easy for the customers to specify the features they needed in these products and services. While a village blacksmith and potter characterized the ancient markets, consumer needs were quickly addressed. The industrial revolution led to the improvement of sea transport in the18th century. Shipping technology in the 18th century led to increasing the scale of international shipping. The success of introducing ram in the global markets led to the shipment of slaves and sugar cane into the world markets. By 1840, locally produced goods such as drinks had entered into the international markets (Boone & Kurtz, 2013). At the climax of the industrial revolution, India had started exporting Cotton to all parts of the globe. Altogether, the improvements in the ancient markets led to the development of steamships by the mid of the 19th century (Coughlan, 2010). Although characterized by excellent transport networks, inferior modes of communication have greatly influenced the supply systems of the 21st century. Since its inception, marketing channels have gone through a series of transformation phases. These phases include the Production Era that existed in the 19th and early 20th century, the production era in the 1920s, and the marketing era in the 1950s (Reddy & Pellegrini, 2012). Foremost, the production era began in the 19th century and ended in the early 20th century. In this phase, a higher concentration was placed on not only plant efficiency, but also the capacity and volume expansions. Sa
This paper is aimed at discussing the works of Johann Sebastian Bach and Franz Liszt. In particular, it is necessary to illustrate the similarities and distinctions of their styles. Admittedly, they represent different periods in the history of music, but they share common attributes such as the technical complexity of their works and the use of common musical passages. Yet, there are significant structural differences. In particular, Bach’s works have a distinct prelude, whereas Franz Liszt does not always incorporate this element. Moreover, Liszt frequently applies extremely fast cadenzas that were not applied in the eighteenth century. These are the main issues that should be discussed in greater detail. At first, it should be mentioned that Bach represents the baroque period in the history of music which lasted from the seventeenth to the eighteenth century. In turn, Franz Liszt was the advocate of the so-called New German School (Spielvogel, 2011, p. 791). Moreover, it is important to mention that they lived in different societies. For example, Bach lived at the time, when only wealthy aristocrats and religious institutions supported classical composers. In fact, they could be the main patrons of composers like Bach. In turn, Franz Liszt’s works could be heard by wider audiences. At the time, when Bach created his works, musical compositions could be performed by a small number of performers who could be located in a palace chamber. In turn, the nineteenth century was the period during which large orchestras began to play the key role. Moreover, the composers, who worked in the nineteenth century, tended to create more complex works. These are some of the factors that should be taken into account because they are important for understanding the styles of these composers, especially some of the main distinctions. One should mention that both Bach and Liszt were distinguished keyboardists, and they were known for their performing ability. It is possible to focus on the solo piano works known as Dreams of Love created by Franz Liszt and Bach’s English Suites because they represent the methods applied by these composers. First, their works require considerable technical ability. In this work, Bach combines imitative counterpoint with the movements and patterns that were typical
Introduction Religion has several definitions depending on the context in which it is applied. In many contexts, religion refers to the belief in an existing supernatural being that is considered divine and sacred. Sociologically, the affiliation to a given religion helps in the stabilization of the society as morality is observed in the society. Religion provides the norms that are to be observed by the believers’ failure to do so contributes to a given punishment depending on the type of religion one belongs to. For example, among the Christians, failure to observe the Ten Commandments amounts to committing a sin and one is subjected to eternal fire when he/she dies. There are various types of religions however, in this essay; I will analyze two major types of religion categorized into eastern and western religions. I will analyze the basic similarity and differences between these religions and provide a sociological standpoint towards this topic. Eastern religions Eastern religions refer to religions from the continent of Asia. They include religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. According to most eastern religions, they believe in a visible god whom they pray to and offer sacrifices to(Dalley and Cox 46). The gods are in form of curved sculptors resembling an animal or human being depending on the religion. From these gods, individuals expect to get blessings, forgiveness, and other requirements that one may need. The eastern religions believe in life after death that is reincarnation. Reincarnation assumes that death is not the end of life but a platform for individuals to live another kind of life in the next world. Therefore, depending on one’s behavior while on earth, an individual may be reborn in the next world as either superior or inferior. Those who are reborn in a superior form are assumed to have lived their life to the expectation of the religion while those who are born in an inferior form are assumed to have lived a sinful life while on earth (Dalley and Cox 56). However, in the next world, individuals are given a chance to correct their ways so as to achieve ‘Nirvana’ equivalent to heaven among the Christians. In the eastern religions, the main place of worship is referred to as the temple. This encompasses all the Indian religions and other Asian religions such as the Shaolin among the Chinese. On entering the Temple which is considered sacred, individuals are required to remove their shoes and while worshiping or giving sacrifices, individuals are expected to bow down to the god which is normally placed at a central place within the Temple. Considering all these practices, peaceful and well-structured societies are able to be constructed based on the norms of these religions (Dalley and Cox 79). Western religions The western religions include religions such as Christianity and Judaism. It should be noted that all the western religions, Islam inclusive are classified as Abraham religion since they derive their practices and beliefs from the teachings of Moses recorded in the holy book known as the Bible. Unlike the easter
Introduction Climate change is the most disturbing subject among the many debatable issues in the contemporary world. While the third world nations strongly hold that climate is changing due to the development activities of the developed nations, the developed nations use scientific theories to point to natural causes of the vice. Those disagreements have resulted into vulnerability, poor adaption, and inequality to the third world nations. Climatic change seems to be a two-fold problem. By looking into it from geographical and scientific dimension, it is easy to agree with the developed nations that it is caused by natural causes that are unknown to man. These natural reasons are similar to the historical belief of continental drifts where climatic conditions changed as the movement of the continental blocks progressed. For instance, why is it that the Sahara desert is increasing downwards while the southern arctic region is increasing upwards as indicated by Ford and Ford? 1 That trend is a clear indication of an upward movement of the continents. This paper looks into vulnerability of world countries to climate change and adaptation in relation to economic inequity could progress with the existing reluctance of developing nations to take the matter seriously On the other hand, climatic conditions are vulnerable to artificial disturbances. Hence, the strong stand by the third world countries could be true and a matter that should be addressed. Developed world countries are heavily industrialized and thus they emit a lot of heat into the atmosphere. In addition, large amount of gases are emitted to the atmosphere. The combination of the two industrial emissions leads to an increase in the atmospheric temperatures. However, it is important to note that the weather is heavily determined by atmospheric temperatures at any given time. Science indicates that weather patterns change with the movement of the earth as the sun changes its position. Increased temperatures cause winds as air from cold temperate zones moves to replace the less dense hot air molecules in the hot temperate zones in different parts of the world. In addition, air movements determine the direction of rain as clouds are moved toward the direction of the wind. That scientific theory of weather patterns explains why it is possible to interfere with climatic conditions in the world. Hence, the developing world countries could be true to their conviction. Vulnerability to Climatic Changes Climate is a key determinant of economic growth and development in a majority of the third world countries in the world today. For instance, a community that has relied on agricultural activities for centuries is more vulnerable to the climatic changes than the one that has relied on mining activities. Most communities in the third world nations depend on agricultural activities for their livelihood. For instance, in an African country like Uganda, a majority of the population are farmers who rely on
The global climate is changing and the human contribution makes this change negative. Rapid industrialization, so vital for humanity, pollutes the environment and it is possible to predict that in the nearest future water, air and land will be so polluted that humans will not be able to use natural resources for consumption purposes. The global community understands that there is an urgent need to address this issue and find a way to reduce environmental pollution nevertheless, it seems that very little has been accomplished till today. The global community tries to find ways to clean up the environment, but initiatives are not supported and people show little care about the world they live in. Global climate change will influence my lifestyle in the future: maybe I will be forced to drive less, or the petroleum will become so expensive that I am not able to afford it. I cannot predict how my life will change, but I think it will be changed. I, as a user of the car, believe that every time of transportation does negatively influence the environment and changes the global climate. At the same time, I am sure that society will not pay enough attention to the problem until the condition of the environment is so much damaged that it becomes critical to a healthy lifestyle. According to the report Transport and Climate Change , transport is a significant contributor to climate change in developed, as well as developing countries. Modern transport systems are damaging to the global environment. Transportation results in noise, vibration, and air pollution which is damaging for the health and well-being of people ( Transport and Climate Change ). Of course, the usage of cars will never be abolished and I will be able to drive my car as I do now, however, the climate change caused by transportation emissions might force the government to introduce laws about the acceptable level of emission and impose taxes on drivers of “dangerous” car. Therefore, climate change might lead to the situation when I and other people will have to switch to ecologically friendly cars. If the climate is changed and there is a threat to humanity (far future, I think), people will be ready to do something to prevent the global catastrophe. I would be worried as well and would support the initiatives of using environmentally-friendly vehicles. One of the interesting and easy solutions is offered on the Canadian Climate Change Control site: “An easy, cost-saving way to slash these emissions is to carpool. If all commuters shared a ride with one other person just one day a week, traffic congestion and polluting emissions on our roadways would be cut by 20 percent. Twice a week and the health benefits would double to 40 percent, along with reduced wear and tear on our roads” ( Carpooling Drives Emissions Down ). Such minimization of the emissions sounds realistic to achieve, and it is easy to follow by the drivers. Even though there is no research providing information about the willingness of people to use transportation in this man