ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
“Young Goodman Brown” was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1835, but it was set in Puritan New England during the late 17th century. The Puritans split from England’s Anglican Church, arriving at Plymouth Rock and founding both Plymouth and Boston. They became the main Christian sect in New England at the period, though other Christian groups such as Quakers and Anabaptists also had significant populations. Puritans believed in a rigid philosophy that left no space for mistake; for example, immoral thoughts and dreams were seen to be as damaging as actually committing a sin. Native Americans who did not follow Christianity were likewise thought to be Satan’s children, according to them. “Young Goodman Brown” is set during the Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts and exposes the Salem Puritans’ hypocritical and inhibitive moral ideals. When Brown was discussing his impression of Goody Cloyse and his father, one example of how Hawthorne’s heritage and Puritan beliefs were portrayed in the novel was shown. In the anecdote, he expresses his surprise that Goody was out in the woods, especially at night. “A marvel, truly, that Goody Cloyse should be so far in the wilderness at nightfall,” Brown said (Hawthorne 3). “My father never went into the woods on such an errand, nor his father before him. We have been a race of honest men and good Christians since the days of the martyrs,” Brown stated early in the story, referring to his father’s honesty and Christian faith (Hawthorne 2). Such an emphasis on religious faith could be understood through the reference to the Puritan beliefs. The Puritans’ belief was that the devil was responsible for every evil deed that took place, whether it was through witchcraft or through rituals. The Salem witch trials, which took place in the late 17th century and involved hearings, prosecutions, and executions, sentenced twenty people to death based on rumor and suspicion, including Martha Corey and Martha Ingalls Carrier, who is mentioned briefly in “Young Goodman Brown.” John Hathorne, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s direct ancestor, was one of the most ruthless judges in the Salem witch trials of 1692. It’s possible that Hawthorne felt some guilt about his ancestor’s crimes; not only did he drop the “w” from his surname to disassociate himself from Hathorne, but he also spent most of his writing career delving into American Puritanism, often finding more criticism than praise. Despite the fact that the Salem Witch Trials had occurred more than a century before, nineteenth-century New England was still bleeding with inherited guilt, even as it revolted against the Puritans’ restrictive standards. Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, into this culture in 1804. His roots and sensibilities were undeniably Puritan, despite the fact that he designated Unitarian as his official religion. The Salem Witch Trials, one of the terrifying incidents in Puritan history, saw th
Before discussing the role of King Arthur in “The History of the Britons “, it is necessary to give some background about the author of this tale. Nennius, or Nemnivus, was an 8th-century writer and historian. In some sources, one can meet his other name, Nynniaw. Nennius died of the wound and was buried in London, not far from the North Gate. By the way, Caesar’s sword named “Yellow Death” was buried with him. Nennius’ main source for tales was King Arthur. His tales about Britons are of great importance nowadays and they can give us valuable information about the first Britons’ settles. “The History of the Britons” has had a significant impact on the works of Nennius’ successors. Speaking about the role of King Arthur in this tale, it should be admitted that the 6 th century met a lot of men named Arthur born in the royal Britain families. In spite of this, the historians were able to identify one special person among them; this person was a legendary leader in Britain and, according to a number of sources, he led the army and defended his lands against Saxons in the 6 th century. The details of this legendary leader are composed of literary inventions, and his historical existence was disputed by many historians. But the information written by Nennius served us as the major source. Nennius’ “The History of the Britons” gives precise information about King Author and the role he played for British people in times of his governing. In this tale, Nennius tells us about lots of Britain kings, but King Arthur is described as a figure of large interest.”Then it was that the magnanimous Arthur with all the kings and military force of Britain fought against the Saxons. And though there were much nobler than himself, yet he was twelve times chosen their commander, and was often conqueror.”(Nennius, p.50). King Author was the son of King Uther Pendragon and the heir to the British throne. In those dangerous times when King Arthur was born, Merlin advised him to hide him in a secret place and to raise him there for nobody to know about his existence. As a wise magician, Merlin worried about Arthur because, when the father of a legendary child died, there was a conflict over who would be the king. Merlin produced a magic sword with the following words on it: “Whoso pulleth out this sword of this stone and anvil is the rightwise born king of all England.” (Marshal 36) All the contenders who were trying to pull out this sword never managed to succeed in this. Arthur was the only one who managed to pull out the sword for he was born to be king, and he eventually became one. The king gathered Knights around him and convinced them to fight against the Saxons. At that time, Saxons, though very slowly, tried to capture the country. In “The History of the Britons” Nennius describes the battles King Arthur took part in emphasizing the fortitude and courage the British leader possessed. With time, King Arthur built a castle in Camelot. In this castle, his knights carried out numerous meetings at a Round table discussing different plans for the country’s future, adopting new laws, and fighting against their enemies who attempted to attac
Practitioner: So, what seems to be the problem with your Michael? Service User: After turning 13, Michael started to be more irritated than before. He does not tell us what is going on in his life, he put passwords on all of his devices, and he uses only incognito mode in browsers. His grades at school started to deteriorate. It was all OK until last week, when his teacher told us that she saw Michael smoking weed with some of his friends. We do not know what to do know. Practitioner: So, after you son hit puberty, his attitude has changed, which you did not worry about due to his age. Thus, the fact that he was smoking marijuana was a complete surprise to you. Did you talk to him about it? Service User: Yes, we did. Practitioner: What did he say? How did he explain the situation? Service User: My husband yelled at him emphasizing that it was inappropriate behavior to say the least. My son kept silent most of the time and started crying after some time. His father said that he was no longer allowed to talk with his friends and took away his phone and computer and sent him to his room to study. Practitioner: So, do I understand it correctly that your son did not explain his behavior. He did not confirm that he was smoking drugs nor did he reject it. How was his mood and actions after the talk you had? Service User: His mood deteriorated. He does not talk to us at all and spends most of his time in his room throwing ball at a wall. He can sit for hours doing his homework and have nothing written in his notebooks. I believe that we are losing him. Practitioner: So, the talk you had did not appear to help. Tell be about how you and your husband would usually speak to Michael during the past year. Service User: There is not much to say really. His father would ask him about his grades at dinner and how was his school. Michael would reply that everything was fine, have his food, and go to his room to play his games. I would sometimes come to his room to ask how he was, but he would tell me to go away, as he was playing games. Practitioner: So, you and your husband made some effort to make
Religious, Social and Political Influences Introduction The novels, “ Things Fall Apart” by Chinua Achebe and “ An Unwritten Novel” by Virginia Woolf, and the poems, “ Song of Myself” by Walt Whiteman and “ Diary of a Madman” by Lu Xun, explore political, social, and metaphysical fiction genre. Drawn from personal experiences, these writings reveal rot of the society as contributed due to the themes raised there, such as monopolistic corporation, misery, twin-self, paranoia, altered states, and authoritarian administration. This paper examines similarities in these four writings. Comparative Analysis The main theme presented by these writings is personal identity as a component of realism. Literary writing attempts to inexplicitly portray certain thoughts of characters. Recognizing themes of loyalty, moral crisis, honor, and revenge, Chinua Achebe sarcastically ridicules neocolonialism in Africa. The main character, Okonkwo, is an African gentleman full of pride which he loses and hangs himself at the end. Colonialism is depicted to force a rather peaceful society to embrace a sudden change. As a result, those who do not cope up should be swept away by the heavy forced change. Reflectively, Chinua is moved by Okonkwo’s imaginative exploration of memory manipulation and how misused power can wreak havoc on humanity. Chinua tries to blend the high-concept vision of the world of tomorrow with his own stylized and highly dramatized language. He creates a very human story that combines stories of both self-discovery and love. Chinua Achebe succeeds in convincingly mingling the ‘futuristic’ and the ‘realistic’ imaginations of the colonial power to create a world of exotic exploitation and mind control characterized by time variances, chauvinism, and societal imbalances. Interestingly, the narrative genre presents an unending conflict between neocolonialism and total freedom which exist to present times. The theme of time, similar to Chinua Achebe’s reflection, is illustrated in the poem Song of Myself . Indeed, the poet considered time as a marvelous nasty task. Walt intends to turn over features of time in order to command over time. Furthermore, Walt is distressed with time; however, this is not a surprise to people. In fact, time was a controversial debate in the 1600s. Actually, Walt lived when Sir Newton Isaac and Galileo transformed the manner people perceived the time. Indeed, time is a mystery. Walt’s poem, therefore, tries to investigate the secrets of time. Theme of sex is also presented in the poem as a social concern. In fact, if time is a marvelous nasty task to Walt, then sex is a fantastic power over which he wants to dominate. Indeed, t
Components of the Operations Strategy The significant component of the operations strategy in the business plan refers to production systematization and positioning. This aspect is crucial since it focuses on the development of processing systems and finished goods inventory plans. Additionally, the component of the focus of factories and service facilities assumes that an organization is focused on a specific market niche (Sanders & Reid, 2019). It implies that the firm’s production and other efforts are focused on meeting the narrow, homogeneous needs of a relatively small group of consumers. The other element relates to product design and development. This stage presumes that a product goes through different phases (growth, maturity, decline) on the market. In terms of tactical decisions, technology is dominant in the preparation of resources and personnel and the planning of the organization’s budget (Sanders & Reid, 2019). Workers, cash funds, materials, and other resources are also one of the main components of the strategy that determines the reception of the necessary goods or services. Finally, the choice of layout, facilities and location for the production of goods or services determines the success of the entire organization’s mission. The Importance of Service Blueprint A service blueprint is a comprehensive way to refine and detail each aspect of service. This is a schematic representation of everything that happens during the provision of the service. The map is usually compiled by a cross-functional group of representatives from different departments whose processes affect the customer’s experience (Zaman et al., 2018). This is a necessary and valuable tool that helps to get a holistic picture of all the relationships between the client and the service provider. With the help of the service blueprint, one can find the weakest link in providing services to clients and understand why they periodically stop buying the company’s products. Furthermore, it introduces innovations and highlights the non-obvious processes on which the customer experience is built (Zaman et al., 2018). This tool helps identify opportunities for optimization, indicating the most critical points and eliminating duplicate or unnecessary ones. Most importantly, it is an excellent way to bring the company’s departments closer together and make sure that everyone is pursuing the same goals and sticking to the company’s mission statement. Sales Forecast and Operational Budget A budget is a monetary statement of expected revenues and expenditures for a budget period prepared by management before the start of the budget period. A forecast is a projection of economic trends and results based on historical data (Wahlen et al., 2017). The main difference is that a budget is an expectation of what a firm wants to attain, while a forecast is an assessment of what can be achieved. Use of Financial Statements A balan
The novel “The Bean Trees” was published first in 1988. It was the first book of Barbara Kingsolver. The main character of the novel “The Bean Trees” written by Barbara Kingsolver is Taylor Greer. She is a strong woman who is not afraid of different challenges in her life way for a better life. She is ready to take any risk to protect herself and to defend the child from legal authorities. The novel tells the story of a young woman who is full of energy to fulfill her plan, though she does not have any. She acts spontaneously and reaches the destination point. The novel begins with Taylor’s departure from her native town, then she meets a woman who gives her a child; after that Taylor takes care of the child. On her way, this young woman meets different people that have different life stories and various obstacles. She finds her way out of trouble due to the help of strange people. Taylor Greer is an inhabitant of a small town in Kentucky, but she makes her mind to leave it and search for a better life. She managed to escape out of this town where she had no brilliant perspectives for the future. The whole image of the main character is so feminine and at the same time so strong and full of courage. She is not afraid of work; Taylor takes any job that can help her achieve her goals, she works in the hospital in her native town and tries to collect some money in order to escape this place. Then she buys a car and starts on a journey to see life and to find something suitable for her. She has no specific plan of action and no particular route. Eventually, she becomes an unmarried mother when a Cherokee woman puts a child in the seat of Taylor’s car. The day when Taylor got an abandoned baby changed her planless future. Taylor did not leave the child and did not give it to the authorities. Then she met Lou Ann who was abandoned by her husband, “She expected that a divorce would just develop, like a pregnancy – that eventually they would reach some kind of agreement without having to discuss it” (Kingsolver 34), some years earlier Taylor was able to avoid pregnancy in order not to destroy her future life and also “barefoot and pregnant was not my style” (Kingsolver 4) as her mother told her when she was a schoolgirl. Nevertheless, Taylor got a baby after a Cherokee woman abandoned it, and she did not refuse to take care of it. She gave the infant the name of Turtle, “I called it Turtle, on account of her grip” (Kingsolver 48), and found out that the child was sexually abused. Taylor did everything she could to take care of Turtle, she even asked a couple of illegal aliens to pretend to be the biological parents of the child. The author describes Taylor as a romantic girl who loves fishing and observing nature around, “small leaves rotting into the cool mud and watch the Jesus bugs walk on the water, their four little feet making dents in the surface but never falling through” (Kingsolver 3). Strong, energetic, and courageous on the one hand, the image of Taylor possesses all fe
Introduction My report is aimed at illustrating the impact that our company’s employees have on urban public transport and the statistical evaluation of their preferences regarding the use of buses plying to the company. Based on this analysis, it is possible to make a comprehensive picture and offer potentially successful solutions in order to change the course of transport. As a justification of the report, real statistics will be presented. Employee Carpool Habits To consider the habits of employees regarding their preferences in carpooling, it is possible to draw up a corresponding chart illustrating the correlation of opinions. Figure 1. Employee carpool habits. As it is shown in Figure 1, the prevailing number of employees never refer to carpooling to get to work, and only about a quarter of them prefer to go share cars with one another. Use of Public Transportation The frequency of public transport use is the important component of analysis, and employees’ preferences can also be displayed in a chart form to receive a comprehensive picture. Figure 2. Use of public transportation. Based on Figure 2, it can be concluded that the majority of the organization’s employees use public transport regularly, and less than a third of all workers never resort to its services. Effect of Potential Improvements to Public Transportation To assess the factors that could encourage employees to use public transport, 17,915 workers have been interviewed (41% of the total workforce) who argue that they go by buses randomly or never. Figure 3. Effect of potential improvements to public transportation. According to Figure 3, the majority of the target respondents are still not ready to use public transport, and the largest number of them note reduced commute times as the most positive change. Is Telecommuting an Option? As a question asked to respondents, the following one is used to make a proportional chart and receive answers for evaluating: does the nature of your work make telecommuting a realistic option? Figure 4. Is telecommuting an option? As it is shown in Figure 4, the majority of interviewed employees (42%) do not consider telecommuting as a realistic and possible option for their work. Potential Solutions In order to make successful changes in employees’ perception of public transport and to increase workers’ interest in its services, it is possible to propose potentially effective so
There seems to be a school of thought existing which believes that people who marry young will always end up divorced. The reasons for the failure of the marriage is supposed to stem from the immaturity of the parties involved and the ill preparedness of the couple to deal with the changes that married life brings to one another. It actually seems like our society conditions these marriages to fail because the people who are supposed to be supportive and encouraging are the very people who say “it is destined to fail.” Luckily, there are some young people who enter into a marriage and find that it lasts them a lifetime. So what is their formula? According to Mark Regnerus of the Washington Post, there are actually 3 reasons as to why a couple marrying young could find that their marriage works over time. He outlined these reasons in his article “Say Yes, What Are You Waiting For?”. He indicated that the misconception as to what defines an early marriage, the age, mental maturity, and sexual difference between men and women, as well as the age factor are the real reasons that a young marriage works even though there are those who believe otherwise. According to Mr. Regnerus, people have a preconceived notion of what an “early marriage” is. Unfortunately, people believe that an early marriage is limited to teenagers getting married. Those are the ones that usually end up in divorce. But that is not the be all and end all of the definition of an early marriage. In reality, early marriage is entered into by people who are in their early 20’s. It is this age bracket of married couples that usually live themselves engaged in a lifetime relationship. If we were to also pay attention to the gender differences of people who marry early, we would find that women mentally mature much earlier than men. This means that they are more capable of understanding the demands of marriage and are more understanding of their spouse’s shortcomings. To quote the data from the National Survey Of Family Growth that was included in the same article: …women who marry at 18 have a better shot at making a marriage work than men who marry at 21. Being the more mature member engaged in the relationship, women are able to see reason and find middle ground with their husbands a lot easier than the males. This is one reason why young marriages tend to last longer. The spouses find that they are still young enough to adjust to each other’s likes and dislikes before it becomes a real threat to the marriage. Finally, we have to understand that the age at which a man or woman marries does not have any direct