ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Playgrounds are essential for the development of children since they provide a recreational haven that is isolated from outdoor hazards. Even so, playgrounds expose children to the risk of injuries such as broken arms and fractures. This fact was brought to my attention following an accident involving my neighbor’s eight-year old child who fell off the monkey bars on a school playground and broke her arm. Research by Howard et al. (2005) reveals that admission to hospital as a result of playground injuries occurs at a higher frequency than that associated with any other cause of pediatric injury. Bearing this in mind, I feel that accidents that take place in playgrounds represent a major health issue in our society. In this paper, I shall explain why I hold this opinion and proceed to document how the problem can be addressed at the societal level. Why Playground Injuries are a Major Concern Playground accidents are the number one cause of pediatric injuries (Howard, et al., 2005). These injuries can be severe in nature and may even result in the death of a child due to strangulation from entanglement or head injuries from falls (Tinsworth & McDonald, 2001). Playground injuries also result in major expenditures in pediatric health care. The annual cost of playground related injuries among children aged below 14 was over $1 billion by the turn of the last century (NSKC, 2004). This figure can be expected to have increased owing to the rise in playground injuries. This makes playground injuries the most important type of injuries to children due to the risk they pose and the subsequent financial implication. Solutions Vollman et al. (2009) reveals that nearly 70% of playground injuries are caused by falls to the surface. A solution must therefore focus on the surface under and around the playground equipment since if the severity of falls is reduced, less injuries are likely to occur. Concrete, grass and soft surfaces under of around playground equipment should therefore be avoided. In their place, loose-fill material such as shredded rubber and chips should be used. This will reduce the impact on falls therefore making the playground safer for the children. To effectively tackle the issue of playground injuries, it is important to take note that most of the playground injuries occur in public playgrounds (Phelan, 2001). These playgrounds are mostly characterized by little supervision. Research indicates that 40% of playground injuries result from a lack of adult supervision in the play area (NSKC, 2004). Children should therefore always be supervised when they are using the playground. Supervision helps since the adult supervisor can deter children from unsafe behavior such as shoving and pushing. The supervisor can also ensure that the children are using the playground equipment in an appropriate manner. Conclusion
Introduction Terminal illness is a term used by medical practitioners to describe a disease that cannot be cured. When a person is diagnosed with a terminal illness, it means that the patient will have to cope with the situation until his /her death. Terminal illness may not stay for long because it results in the death of the patient after a certain period of time. Thus, terminal illness describes a disease that will terminate the life of the patient. People who have this disease are often referred to as terminally ill or sometimes terminal patients. Cancer is a good example of a terminal disease. People who have been diagnosed with terminal illnesses usually react differently. Some people may not believe it while some may be filled with anxiety. Others may be shocked while others may become angry with despair. Some patients who have been diagnosed with terminal illness have been reported to have some guilt. Depression usually follows thereby calling for external help so that the patient can manage their problem. As a way of management, care given by a health worker, a close friend or a family member does a great deal of help in ensuring that the patient accepts their condition. Background Terminal illnesses like cancer and other malignant diseases account for 25% of all the deaths in industrialized countries. Since the diseases cannot be treated, therapeutic methods have been used to counter the challenges they pose to the society. There have been major developments of new strategies for improving the success rate of therapeutic options in the recent past. Together with these therapeutic methods, the family as the basic unit of the society becomes quite crucial in the manage
The Western frontier advanced in the years 1864 and 1900 by the establishment of democracy in America, industrialization, urbanization and the commercialization of farming. America developed socially, economically and politically. The Anglo-Americas established over 400 million acres of land and weighed down Native Americans in the Indian battles. In addition, 10 primary states joined the union, adding up to 48 states. Lastly, during this period, 3 industries started which includes mining, agriculture and cattle industry. Organizations in America changed with the increase in the population. In addition, the long-ago political inclinations changed to the present-day civilization experienced by the people of America. Conversely, it is apparent that a frontier line endured a prehistoric state of affairs alongside the Western side. For example, a number of prehistoric events such as the presence of settlers, railroads, slavery, U.S. Cavalry and cattle rearing were significant to the development of the western frontier. The built railroads transported settlers to the Western Frontier and their agricultural products back East to the readily available market. This led to significant growth in the Western Population. Many people obtained new land beyond the present day. This is, even though, the Plains Indians had already settled in the Western Frontier centuries before. Additionally, there was an increase in slavery where slaves were forced to work in the agricultural farms, cattle farms and mines by the settlers, as cheap labor. The U.S. Calvary physically abused people including women and children. Chief Black Kettle lost his l
Introduction Prognosticating a patient’s condition is based on their medical history, symptoms, lifestyle, and family history. Doris is positive for Diabetes type 2, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), and systemic arterial hypertension (HTN) at the age of 57. As provided in the case study, Doris’s health conditions, particularly type 2 Diabetes, CAN, and HTN, merit proper examination through screening and safety measures such as lifestyle changes and immunization to protect her from further complications. Screening Systematic application of tests or inquiry is necessary to find out the risk condition of the patient. As per the expert opinion, healthcare practitioners should consider screening at the 3-year interval for patients aged 45 years and above and whose BMI is greater than 25 kg/m2 (Petrie et al., 2018). Considering Doris’s medical history, lifestyle, family history, and symptoms, appropriate screenings should be conducted, including fasting blood sugar and non-invasive cardiac imaging. Fasting Glucose screening is undertaken to supervise Doris’s diabetes type 2 and HTN progress (Petrie et al., 2018). Non-invasive screening should be carried out to monitor Doris’s CHF progress. Faragil et al. (2020) supported non-invasive screening as an effective tool for reducing the hospitalization of patients with CHF. Because of skin changes, Doris should be screened for hypertensive and cardiac retinopathy. As suggested by Liu et al. (2020), prolonged untreated hypertension can cause diabetic retinopathy. Lifestyle Changes Chronic complications are the cause of most type 2 diabetes severities and fatalities. Type 2 Diabetes surfaces after a long duration of elevated blood sugar levels. Before Doris’s complication spreads to other organs, she should be encouraged to take diabetes medications as prescribed by the doctor and other medications associated with risks such as HTN and CHF, regularly monitor blood sugar levels and exercise often (Solini & Grossman, 2016). Diabetes patients who are experiencing symptoms similar to the ones encountered by Doris should increase physical activity and have a better sleep schedule (Petrie et al., 2018). Action for CAD and Persistent BP Doris’s CAD disorder can be addressed through statin therapy, lowering the density of lipoprotein cholesterol (LC), and the usage of beta-blockers. Statin therapy should be utilized in a low-density LC, which is in the range of 70-100 mg (Shen et al., 2018). Similarly, the low-density lipoprotein LC should be lowered before trying to improve the high-density LC level. A medical practitioner should also consider using beta-blockers as a first-line antihypertensive agent. Besides the use of an antihypertensive agent, Doris should reduce their alcohol consumption rate to manage blood pressure (BP). Interpretation of Doris’s BMI Body mass index (BMI) is defined as the measure of the weight of a person adjusted for their height (Solini & Grossman, 2016). According to Khanna and Yates (2019), although many scholars consider BMI
Abstract The concept of social identity in modern society is increasingly becoming important in a global society as people try to identify with specific cultures and practices. Despite the impact technology has on culture, there is still an attempt by people from various parts of the world to uphold the values and beliefs of their ancestors. However, some scholars now argue that advertising in fashion is having a significant impact on social identity. People all over the world, irrespective of their geographic location or socio-cultural values, want to be seen as fashionable. They want their dress code and mannerism to be as modern as possible as a way of identifying with the finest in society. However, the only way that people can identify what is trendy is through the media. It means that consumers do not dictate what is trendy or not. They rely on what the media deems as trendy to know when and how to redefine their social identity. Social scientists, especially the marketers, have realized this fact and are using it to their advantage. Advertising in fashion is not becoming a major tool that defines social identity. People identify with the best as stated in the media. The study seeks to determine how advertising on fashion impact on social identity. The study will use both primary and secondary data sources to inform the study. The analysis will be done using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Background Social identity, in modern human history, is very important as people want to be identified with and seen to belong to a certain group. Morey defines social identity as a person’s sense of who he or she is based on his or her group membership (23). Advertising in fashion is taking full advantage of the need for social identity among their audience to influence their purchasing pattern. As Morey notes, the celebrities in our society have become the symbol of what is ideal in a social setting (55). Top footballers such as Christiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi are portrayed as symbols of perfect men. Top actresses such as Angelina Jolie on the other hand are portra
Abstract The Cube Houses of the Netherlands are some of the most prominent architectural achievements in Europe. The houses were designed by Piet Blom and constructed in Helmond and Rotterdam in the 1970s and 1980s. Today, the houses are used for commercial, residential, and recreational purposes. Reinforced concrete, steel, and wood are the main building materials that were used to construct the houses. If the houses were to be built today, their design would be changed to reflect the cultural changes and technological advancements that have taken place in the Netherlands in the last three decades. Introduction Rotterdam is one of the major cities in the Netherlands that are known for its commercial success and tourist attractions. The city is always reinventing itself by expanding its skyline which already consists of impressive skyscrapers. The ever-changing skyline of Rotterdam makes it a city you can always rediscover whenever you travel to the Netherlands. Generally, Rotterdam is considered the architecture city of the Netherlands that stimulates innovation in housing design and construction. The city boasts of both old and modern buildings that reflect the rich culture of the country and the engineering prowess of its citizens. One of the structures that define the skyline of Rotterdam is the block of Cube Houses. In this paper, the houses will be discussed in detail. The discussion will begin with a synopsis of when and where the houses were built. This will be followed by a discussion on the methods and materials that were used to construct the houses. Finally, a description of how the houses would be constructed today will be provided. Location of the Cube Houses The houses are “situated on Overblaak Street next to the Blaak Subway Station in Rotterdam” (Metz 1). The houses remain a magnificent architectural wonder in Rotterdam due to their unique designs. One of the major features of the houses is that they were constructed on a pedestrian bridge that crosses a traffic artery (Galinsky). The houses continue to be a major tourist attraction both to the citizens of the Netherlands and visitors from other countries. The houses consist of “thirty-eight small cubes and two large cubes that are attached” (Galinsky). In this respect, the houses are organized into a village where several activities take place. The village comprises small-scale businesses that are operated from small and midsize shops within the complex (Metz 84-89). Some schools and playgrounds are used by the children of the residents of the village. The houses are also used for residential purposes by the citizens of the Netherlands. Since most of the people who visit Rotterdam are interested in touring the Cube Houses, one of the units is always left vacant so that it can be used for tourism and recreational purposes. When the Cubic Houses Were Built The idea of con
Company’s Strategy to Expand Internationally Under Armour is one of the emerging sportswear firms in the global market. It has a comprehensive strategy to help it expand to the global market. According to Cavusgil, Knight, and Riesenberger (310), a firm may choose different strategies when making an entry into international markets. In this report, the researcher will look at how Under Armour can use franchising as an internationalization strategy to enter the Indian market. This clothing company cannot afford to ignore the Indian market that has a population of over 1.2 billion people. However, this market is very different from the American and European markets, where this firm has experienced massive success. The majority of Indians are poor, and their purchasing pattern is also very unique. Making a direct entry through export strategy may not register the expected success. This means that this firm will require a unique strategy that will enable it to achieve the expected success. Franchising will offer this firm an opportunity to enter the Indian market at the least cost possible. Integration-Responsiveness Framework As this firm seeks to enter the global market, it will have to manage the pressures of global integration and local responsiveness. Some of the pressures from the global integration that this firm will face include the diversified needs of multinational customers, competition in the new market in India, technology intensity, and cost reduction. Managing these pressures will define the ability of the firm to achieve success in this new market. The firm will also need to deal with the pressures of local responsiveness when making an entry into the market. Issues such as variation in tastes and preferences of the customers will have to be given serious consideration. The management will have to appreciate the fact that there is a difference in traditional practices and infrastructure in this country. The United States and Europe have more advanced infrastructure as compared to India. However, this firm will have to find a way of working with what is available locally. The distribution channels used locally may also be slightly different from what is common in the home country. Pressures Paramount in this Case In the case of having a franchise of Under Armour in India, the paramount pressures that will have to be dealt with majorly come from the global integration category. This is so because the local responsiveness pressures can be dealt with by the franchisee who u
Virginia Woolf’s “To the lighthouse” is a thoughtful novel that focuses on childhood emotions and adult relationships in a typical contemporary family. This is portrayed by different behaviors exhibited by characters of this novel. This paper seeks to analyze the characters of this book and show the relationship that is shared among the characters. The paper will also describe the symbolism that ties the characters together and finally it will show their development at the end of the story. Mrs. Ramsey is one of the main characters in this novel, and takes the lead role of bringing all the other characters together (Woolf 2). The writer describes her as a strong woman who acts as a mother not only to her family but also to other people surrounding her. This is shown by the roles she plays in the novel which makes her image come out as caring, loving, and a wise woman. Her figure is seen as a house where others can find shelter. Mrs. Ramsey depiction is symbolic in that she is seen as a source of light for the house where people can gather hope. Woolf uses this character to employ the technique of symbolism. She explains the need for marriage between men and women saying that marriage was a must, even though her marriage was not perfect. She tries to soften the attitude that her husband posses due to his ego. She manages to change the attitude of her husband from the action of labor sharing at the end of part one (Woolf 117). Mrs. Ramsey has the power to attract people with her beautiful looks and her passionate interaction. However, she has been criticized for damaging other people lives through her efforts to bring her family together. She tries to make people change to what she wants them to become (Woolf 43). Her daughters, Prue, Nancy, and Rose disagree with her on various occasions. As a result of this disagreement, her daughters decide to take different paths in life. Mrs. Ramsey tries to show her womanhood through her activities like holding parties for dinner and raising her eight children. She displays herself as a “superwoman” who is even capable of taking men’s responsibilities. She is not satisfied with her husband’s responsibilities as a husband and as a father (Woolf 50). Mrs. Ramsey tries to expose her husband’s failure through her actions and it worries her that her husband cannot realize her efforts. The author depicts Mrs. Ramsey as a person who was able to care for all classes of people, including the rich and the poor. In addition, she cared for those people with disabilities by showing them compassion and by fighting discrimination and gender inequality. Her gender roles are shown by the soft response she gives to her husband, who is depicted as rude. She is seen as role model by other people; this is shown by mourning of her death by her family and other people (Woolf 78). Mr. Ramsey is initially seen as a brutal man who displays selfishness from the way he speaks and the words he uses to address people. After reading the novel, the reader realizes that he was suffering from his pride. He deeply interested in his achievements and his line of work. His pride wanes when he re
Barrack Obama and Mitt Romney had different blueprints for the economy of the United States of America. They both focused their attention on the most critical aspects of the economy that include the tax policy, stimulus spending and bailouts, social security, trade and mortgage modification and housing policy. Their plans for the economy were very different and they criticized each other’s plan and credited their own as the best. Romney criticized Obama’s plan by claiming that it had failed the economy of the U.S for the four years he has been in rule. However, Obama defended his plan by claiming that the only reason that it failed in some sectors is due to the failing state of the economy when he took over the presidency. Romney’s tax policy on individual taxes included the elimination of estate tax, elimination of taxes on dividends, eradication of taxes on interest and on income for individuals who earn below $200,000. In addition, he had planned to maintain the current marginal tax rates. Obama’s plan for individual tax included a 30% tax for individuals who earn more than $1 million and elimination of the Bush-era tax for households with income less than $250,000. On corporate taxes, Romney planned to reduce corporate tax by 25% and make the R&D tax credit permanent. In contrast, Obama planned to give tax credits to manufacturing companies and eliminate tax for companies that dispatch job to foreign countries. On the issue of stimulus spending and bailouts, President Obama planned to bailout both financial institutions as well as auto companies. In contrast, Romney plan was to allow these companies file for bankruptcy. Obama had proposed a bill that included reductions in taxes and government s