ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Elizabethan writers were among the major critics of Machiavelli’s work, where they depicted him as an evil and unjust individual. Writers such as Shakespeare continuously invoked Machiavelli’s work in their writings, in which they portrayed him as advocating for violence, gang society and deviance. In fact, there are some religious and political reasons that motivated these writers to invoke Machiavelli’s ideas of the society and religion in their works and attempted to portray a negative picture of the Italian author. It has long been thought that Machiavelli’s ideas were antireligious, but is imperative to understand that most of the Elizabethan writers were British writers of the Queen Elizabeth I era. Why was this so? Arguably, the sociopolitical and religious system of governance in Britain at the time was threatened by Machiavelli’s Ideas of freedom from religious dictatorship and injustice in the society. These aspects were largely lacking in the Elizabethan Britain. In his work, “the Jew of Malta”, Christopher Marlowe represents a prologue that depicts the evils that humans cause on others. The work is about a Maltese Jew, who was barbaric and vengeful against the authorities of the city of Malta. In the prologue, it is evident that the character most likely reflects or depicts the evil Machiavelli. In fact, the characters name is “Machiavel”, which suggests that Marlowe invoked Machiavelli’s name in his work (Boas 29). It is also evident that the character was used to display the evils of deviance associated with Machihavelli’s ideas, introduced the “power is immoral” theory. In fact, this is one of Machiavelli’s ideas of society. In this context, it is worth saying that Marlowe was displaying Machiavelli as an evil Jew because Christians in the era believed that the Jews were antichrists. In “The Prince”, Machiavelli used some characters and a society similar to the situation in Britain. Under the absolute rule of the Monarch, Britain was leading a dark path towards social conflict because power was concentrated in the palace while common people were subjected to authoritarian rule of the kings and queens. Machiavelli was a critic of this form of rule. Marlowe was a proponent of the British sociopolitical and religious system. It appears that he was angered by Machiavelli’s ideas, which made him taint the picture of Machiavelli as an evil and unjust person. In addition, Marlowe’s play “the massacre at Paris” provides some additional evidence of how the Elizabethan writers thought about Machiavelli’s political and religious ideas (Boas 127). In this play, there is a lot of stabbing and killings, which are perpetrated by gangs and deviant citizens in Paris (Marlowe 34). It appears that Marlowe was attempting to make the Britons fear or reject Machiavelli’s literature. He portrayed Machiavelli’s idea of society as lawless and full of gangs ready to kill a person at sight (Mackenzie 148). This was a direct attack on Machiavelli’s play “The Prince”. William Shakespeare, an Elizabethan writer, was
Introduction There are various reasons that make a person to traverse a border illegally into the foreign territory or overstay their visa. Such a person goes by various titles like an illegal immigrant or illegal alien, undocumented immigrant, unauthorized migrant, and so on (US Immigration Support, 2012). Commonly, the reasons given for such illegalities include the need to reuniting with their families, running away from war or prospects of war, job seeking, seeking political asylum, and seeking for medical attention (Phil for Humanity, 2013). This essay seeks to prove that it is proper for such people to enjoy welfare programs in the United States of America. Significance of Immigration Each human being has something to offer to society. Illegal immigration has its demerits and merits. America should closely monitor all immigrants and utilize the potential that these people have. Such people are usually qualified for various fields in the labor market and given a chance; they can contribute to the economic growth of a country like the United States of America. However, measures must be in place to deter criminal elements among the immigrants so that security remains uncompromised. It is common knowledge that terrorists may take advantage of immigration to perpetuate their fight against the United States of America. The state should draft legislation that enables immigrants to acquire a legal status so that these people contribute to the government’s revenue through paying of taxes. Illegal immigrants cannot pay taxes since they fear that doing so would expose them, and this would probably lead to prosecutions and deportations. Such legislation would assist in vetting so that people who are an asset to the United States of America get absorbed into various areas for nation-building. Recently, the government in the United States of America drafted an Immigration bill that would see many illegal immigrants acquire citizenship status. Such a bill is very significant and debating it within the shortest time possible would ensure that immigrants start paying for privileges that they currently enjoy without contributing to government revenue through evasion of taxes — those opposed to the billing demand that the government deports all illegal immigrants to their home countries. Deporting illegal immigrants would be too costly for the government. The number of illegal immigrants stands at eleven million people. Politically, immigrants are a great force. It is in the public domain that people of Hispanic origins significantly contributed to Presidents Obama’s election and consequent re-election. As such, immigrants deserve better treatment. For the illegal immigrants, the government
The steroid Culture Major League Baseball is the epitome of professional baseball in the United States of America. It has a wide acceptance in all the states and is one of the most profitable sporting industries in America. Millions of people each year throng stadiums to cheer and support their favorite players and teams. In MLB, physique matters and as such players are under intense pressure to be fit and to deliver results both to the club and to their loyal fans. Baseball players unlike football players do not cover their face during the game hence they are more in touch with their fans when compared to football where the players cover their faces. In recent times, there have been reports of widespread use of performance enhancing drugs such as steroids and the human growth hormones in MLB. Players have been known to improve their performance drastically after taking these drugs and this has become a common occurrence and is widely acceptable both in the league and with the large fan base that do not care what the player does so long as the end justifies the means (Munson, Llosa, and Dohrmann 22). Clubs and fans alike want to see their players become the MVPs as this brings in more money. Because of this pressure from the society, the players in the league are obliged to look for other ways to improve the performance resulting in resorting to use of performance enhancing drugs especially steroids (Yesalis 11). This clearly shows a trend of gradual yet steady acceptance of steroid use by the society. The lack of condemnation of the practice is evidence that the society has accepted the use of steroids to be part of baseball, a fact that eventually erodes the essence and beauty of the game itself (Munson, Llosa, and Dohrmann 34). There have been numerous allegations of players testing positive for steroids in their urine samples but no disciplinary measures whatsoever are taken. This has been of concern to many stakeholders since other professional leagues such as the NFL, instituted disciplinary measures to deal with issues of drug use among players. The MLB is perceived to have a soft stand when it comes to steroid use, with many players testing positive every now and then but no disciplinary actions being taken against the involved parties. Admissions Use of steroids in the MLB is so common such that it has become widely acceptable with players feeling no shame in talking about it openly. Some players such as Ken Caminiti, have publicly talked about the use of steroids in the MLB. Caminiti attributes his success in the MLB to the use of steroids and he says he is not ashamed of it. With such remarks, one is led to conclude that steroid use in the MLB is a widely accepted phenomenon. Caminiti won the 2006
At the beginning of the 20th century, multiple decades had passed since the end of the Civil War and the abolition of slavery. While, in theory, African Americans were free to live their lives as they saw fit as a result, in practice, the situation was considerably different. They struggled to catch up financially to their white peers due to their lack of familial wealth and educational attainment. At the same time, various states enacted discrimination and segregation laws that effectively restricted black people to a lower social class than whites. In his 1903 book, The Souls of Black Folk, W. E. B. Du Bois attempted to describe the problem and offer solutions that would substantially influence the Harlem Renaissance and, later, the civil rights movement. Du Bois described the issues of the African American community at different levels of depth. He highlighted the inferior status that its members held in society as well as the poverty in which most of them lived. The writer attributed these problems to political disenfranchisement and sharecropping practices, respectively. As a minority, black people could not pass laws that would help them achieve equality. Moreover, the lack of owned land meant that African American farmers would need to rent it, and, as a result, “the Negro farmer started behind,—started in debt” (Du Bois). However, in addition to these concerns, Du Bois also saw an overarching problem: the lack of a defined African American identity. Owing to his influential rhetoric, Du Bois became one of the community leaders and was in large part responsible for the phenomenon known as the Harlem Renaissance. He insisted on the formation of a new identity based on the African heritage of the community and the development of a unique culture distinct from that of the rest of the nation. Harlem became the center of black cultural activity, producing developments in literature, visual arts, music, and other areas. However, the Renaissance eventually ended after the Great Depression, and African American issues left the public consciousness for several decades. The ideas of equality, political power, and leadership put forward by Du Bois were continued by Martin Luther King Jr. and the broader civil rights movement. Having unified the community and formed a distinct identity, influenced in large part by the writer’s ideas, African Americans began demanding an end to discrimination and segregation. The pacifistic movement under Martin Luther King Jr. and the more violent Black Panther Party, inspired by Malcolm X, can be seen as two different interpretations of the idea. The former sought to integrate black people fully into American society and form a unified nation, while the latter represented the idea of black nationalism and developing the community’s identity into a separate system. Overall, Du Bois’s influence can be traced throughout the entire period between 1903 and 1970. The issue
Human resource strategic process   * Mission, Vision and Values:       + Understanding the various production models and personal etiquette in the environment of the Apple company.       + Understanding quality control and best approaches in efficient production.       + Proper packaging and presentation of company products hat appeal to target customers.       + Understanding the best practices of team work as a motivation to achieve the company targets.   * Strategic Formulation and Implementation:       + Developing a training and development strategy requires creation of relevant objectives and realistic budget.   * Delivery mode:       + The program will be delivered via power point presentation through an expert(s) in the human resource management department.       + This delivery mode is easier to use and cheaper in the long run, especially since the targeted trainees are more than 50 employees.   * Duration of the Training:       + The training and development strategy is continuous but periodically executed after every six months.       + The first phase of training will be on personal development while the second phase on teamwork and production quality skills (Bohlander and Snell, 2007).       + The two phases will target intra and inter personal development of an employee in relation to performance in the work environment. Self evaluation skills on individual concentration level in the company encompass actual and expected outcome. Through designing relevant program training model, concentration evaluation will remained active in developing dependence of interest attached to an activity, creating proactive relationships, and monitoring their interaction with physical aspects of team evaluation. Eventually, this pays off since that individual will learn to appreciate the essence of learning and need to stay active. Thus, despite training coordination being rated as a high self management assessment strategy, actionable planning is of essence to create solution oriented task and strategy implementation secession for quantifying performance levels. External analysis Political Factors                                    Economic Factors                                                                                                                                         * Strategies for health and safety.                  * Low setup costs training.                      * Campaigns for employee rights.                     * Growing employee skills.                       * Labeling of production process.                    * Support from major employee trainers.          * Proactive personal safety at work.                 * Value for money.                                                                                    * Increased disposable income of the
The investment on the android systems did not profit Google Corporation. Google had publicly declared that its original objective was not driven by profit. Google makes 2.67 billion from android mobile, which is far less than its total revenue. Android applications reached 900 million by 2013 with 48 million applications signed each day. The increase did not influence the growth in revenue for Google. The company has a lot of issues to tackle and cannot strategize on making a profit on Android mobile. Google makes its revenue from signing third-party applications daily. Android Smartphones is sold daily, and in 2013 Google projected a sale of 789,000 Android Smartphones. This statistic accounts for the financial benefits derived from android systems. Revenue                   2008       2009       2010   2011   2012   Net income [millions]     4,226,858  6,520,448  8,505  9,737  10,737 Android users [millions]             7          200    484    700     The acquisition of Motorola was a huge loss for Google. Google acquired Motorola because of its patent rights. Google believed that the market strategy would give the organization a competitive advantage in the global market. It turned out to be a big failure. After trading $13 billion in the investment, Google started a restructure program that made it sell most of its stock in Motorola. This move did not pay well for Google Corporation. With the reorganization in progress, Google sold major departments in Motorola. Operations unit was sold for $75million, while the home outfit was sold for $2.35 billion. Google sacked 5000 workers in Motorola corporations, a move condemned by major market analyst. Google Corporation relies on Motorola’s patent license to create more revenues. The acquisition did not achieve its objective because the estimates revealed a near loss in the initial revenue. The sales of major departments did not sum the investment capital for Motorola. Open source software means the user-ability to run the program for any task. The open source approach can be categorized in four ways.  1. The free use of the application  2. The free knowledge of study.  3. Redistribution and copyrights.  4. The freedom to modify the software for other uses. This means the source codes are available for any user. Thus, the advantage of the open source approach includes: It is stable: Modification of software keeps the manufactures in the business. The open source approach is stable without frequent modifications. The user decides if he or she will update the system or software to meet a specific task. Thus, each update is a choice for the user. The advantage limits the cost of buying update versions of the software. The consumer is tempted to accept modification without a need. This situation is reduced with the open source approach. Cost: The cost of use is low and its users are not affected by purchase charges. The need for documenting the number of copies and ownership is avoided thus, reducing the cost of the software. Flexible: Another advantage of the open source approach is in its usage. While other software manuf
Ethical Violation Case Judie is a nurse student in her final year of study. She works part-time at a clinic that utilizes EHR for all patients with an opportunity of remote access. Judie’s friend is also a student and her major is pharmacology. She needs data about broad spectrum antibiotic prescription for her final course project and Judie promises to extract the necessary information from EHRs without mentioning any personal patient information. However, Judie is too busy combining work and studies and she has no time to collect the necessary information. Thus, she invites her friend to a clinic and gives her a tablet with access to all EHRs. Ethical Dilemma On the one hand, Judie feels responsibility to her friend, whom she has promised to provide data for the course project. The deadline is short, and the friend takes a risk of getting an unsatisfactory mark. On the other hand, she violates both ethical and legal principles of using EHR because patient information cannot be released to other people without patient’s permission (Jamshed, Ozair, Sharma, & Aggarwal, 2015). Also, Judie violates the policy of clinic, which does not allow spreading patient information with third parties who are not employed at the clinic. Still, since Judie’s friend is also a healthcare professional and needs data for research, the nurse probably did not violate the code of ethics of the American Nurses Association. Possible Alternatives Other alternatives possible in the case are as follows. First of all, Judie could have planned her activities so that she could extract the necessary information for her friend. Secondly, she could have advised her friend to request permission from the clinic administration and receive legitimate access to EHRs. Ethical Arguments The ethical argument for this case is grounded on the utilitarian approach. It implies that the action is considered ethical if it brings good for the greatest number of people (McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2018). Thus, Judie’s actions cannot be considered ethical since the fact that she provided access to EHRs to her friend could lead to data loss and leak of confidential personal information about patients of the clinic. Investigation and Evaluation of Ethical Alternatives The first alternative (to extract data by herself) will not lead to any policy violations because the information necessary for a friend will not contain any personal data. In the best case, Judie can have enough time to follow her promise. In the worst case, she fails to provide information and her friend gets a poor grade. The second alternative (to advise a friend to request access to patient records from administration) will not imply any violations. In the best-case scenario, a friend gets access to information. In the worst-case scenario, the administration refuses to provide access and the friend has to change the topic of her research or find another source of data. Chosen Alternative The most beneficial alternative is the second one. In case Judie advises her friend request access
We find ourselves living in turbulent economic times. Finding ways to keep a business afloat is of the utmost importance these days as even Wall Street and the international banking and business industries continue to reel from the effects of decades of mismanagement and lack of regulation. Just like any other person, my family and I have been affected by these events. I did not understand a lot about what was happening when the news first broke and the negative effects began to directly impact my life. Slowly, I became aware of the importance of proper business management skills and business leadership in the world. From the ruins of the business of the world wide financial crisis, my passion to learn all about how to properly conduct a business was born. I found myself beginning to wonder, why was it that as the big businesses went belly up, the small entrepreneurs seemed to manage to stay afloat and keep their business going. How was it possible that the large conglomerates were needing government bail outs while the mom and pop store at the corner found a way to keep their capital going? Surely there was not much difference between running a small to medium scale enterprise and the likes of Caterpillar or General Motors. Questions about how to survive the business crunch began to swirl in my head as our family business began to feel the effects of the downtrend. More so when my father approached me one day and told me that he needed a fresh set of eyes with which to look at the family business. We were not exactly in the red, but we were not running an affluent business either. Just like any business we too had our loans and creditors to pay. But due to the tightening consumer belts, we were seeing a smaller profit on a daily basis, which was making it difficult but not impossible to meet our financial o