ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Literature is still important, especially the radical one that tends to be challenging in many respects. It is good for people who have critical thinking and step out of the ideational comfort zone that conformity offers. Through such works as Don Quixote and Madame Bovary, one has the opportunity to live other lives through the novels’ characters. Literature can move beyond the confines of time and space. It helps reconcile, momentarily, with whatever unhappiness we have about our lives. Main body However, in the long run, the fantasy part of fiction paradoxically helps keep a reality check. If a novel helps us to travel momentarily outside our current times and beyond our geographic locations, in the long run, it makes us more aware of the limitations of our reality. Because some literature depicts a perfect world, after we read it we become aware of what is wrong in our reality and what should be changed for the better. Regarding this power to incite challenging the status quo, some social institutions like the Government and the Church may be keen on censoring given works. However, it is difficult to say which work may create an upheaval because different people react differently. Moreover, the aesthetic of a book is not a criterion, as Uncle Tom’s cabin shows, for despite being aesthetically a flat novel, the significance of its theme –slavery- had influenced the then-American society. In the end, challenging the status quo is what has made humanity progress. All the scientific and technological progress and the evolvement of such issues as human rights has been achieved because the status quo was being questioned. Therefore, the seditious quality of literature has a positive aspect to it. Another important aspect of literature resides in language. The development of language goes on par with the development of communication within society. We have access to a wide range of words that help us express ourselves. Because society is made of individuals, many society members developing their language skills and by extension, their expressiveness will help develop communication in the society as a whole. As language develops through literature, the society to which it belongs becomes grows richer and people express themselves better. Society becomes also richer from an ideational point of view. Indeed, thought develops and is expressed through language. Ideas without words are abstract concepts. Language is what gives them shape and makes them somehow more concrete. It is through words that we can formulate and grasp ideas. So the scope of influence of language is both verbal and intellectual. Conclusion Finally, it should be noted that media can never fill the shoes of literature. At the level of language, audiovisual media d
Introduction The Industrial revolution marked a great transition in most industrial sectors such as transportation, communication and even agriculture. The revolution began in the 18 th century in England and subsequently spread to other parts of the world. It introduced modern use of technological machinery such as steam engines and further developments in the communication and transportation world. This period marked a significant change in human life with the most notable change being growth in daily income and population increase. These changes enabled trade expansion by countries as a result of improved transportation networks such as roads and railways and enabled communication across the globe (Wallerstein 1989). Global Economic Development The period of industrial revolution saw a massive growth in the economy and particularly among countries who took the opportunity to trade beyond their nations. The revolution has played a major role in the expansion of the global economy in the sense that most countries have recorded incredible growth in their average per capita income. However, some critics seem to disagree with this notion with most of them arguing that the economic process grew slowly to what it has become today thereby disregarding the term ‘revolution’ as a mere misnomer. Other critics also claim that the increase of GDP per capita had been experienced even before the revolution. This debate is still rife and hence the importance of discussing the contribution of industrial revolution in the contemporary global economy (Moseley 2007). Before the industrial revolution began, people engaged in manual labor and use of animals to make ends meet. The use of manual labor was slow and time consuming not mentioning the toll it took on the people. They further faced difficulties in transporting their products to the market due to lack of effective transportation channels and had to walk a long way. It was after the period of industrialization that trade took a different turn. Several innovations such as textile cotton spinning machines, steam power and knowledge transfer was adopted by the countries replacing manual labor (Jones 2010). Industrialization helped to bring the contemporary global economy into focus. Technological innovations have enabled global industries to effectively conduct business with each other. The innovations include jet engines and introduction of emails and fax that aid in effective communication transfer globally. This has seen an increase in production in major multinational companies more than most countries. A good example is a company like General Motors which recently made more than $100 billion in sales, doubling the Pakistan’s GNP. It can therefore be argued that though the critics are justified in their arguments, they fail to base their claims on the actual figures before the period of industrialization. The Period Of Imperialism And Colonial Conquest Industrial revolution spread to most parts of the world he
Introduction The report was written in order to provide aid to Emirates Industry for Camel Milk & Products (EICMP) as an international business consultant. Since the authorities of EICMP, a dairy producer of the UAE, are planning to enter the UK market, presenting camel drinking milk and other products made of camel milk, they need to receive a detailed report, in which the market conditions of the UK are examined, a marketing mix created, an HRM strategy is formed, the market entry modes are evaluated, and recommendations made to adopt one of those entry modes. In this report, I covered the following vital issues. First, I studied the background of the company to learn about its specificities, which would allow me to develop better guidelines with the consideration of these specificities. I examined the history of EICMP, the range of products it manufactures, the reputation of the organization, its production facilities and their power, and the positions of the company in the local market and in the international one. Second, I performed the analysis of various factors of doing business in the UK. I evaluated ten factors and rated the suitability of each of them. Among them are political stability, free market, inflation, labor force, the simplicity of starting a business, the needs of an average customer, the level of competition, t
The children, who lack healthy, primary relationships, are likely to suffer from social problems in life. According to Berk (2009), the lack of sensitivity towards a child, by primary caregiver promotes the occurrence of problematic behavior patterns later in life. The failure to build effective relationship with a child disrupts security attachment; hence enhancing the occurrence of insecure, disoriented or disorganized behavior. The caregiver should be sensitivity to the needs of a child and offer effective response that matches the child’s emotional state. It is important for caregivers to be sensitive to the child needs and responds effectively in emotional sense in order to promote proper development of attachment security. Furthermore, parents need to demonstrate consistent reaction to children actions in order to avoid arousing fear and uncertainty, which are predicator of problematic social behaviors, later in life. The most effective strategy for helping a child who has had insecure relationship with parents, to develop health social behavior, is the application interactional synchrony during communication. According to Berk (2009), interactional synchrony is a sensitive mode of response to child’s signals. It involves timely and effectively matching the child’s emotional state. It includes face-to-face play as well as warm and sensitive handling of the child in manner that matches the emotional cues given by the infant. It enhances the child’s control and coordination of emotions, which in turn promotes the development of appropriate social behaviors. Reference Berk, L. E. (2009). Child Development . Boston, MA: Ally &Bacon, and Pearson Custom Publishing, pp.420-434 and 564-572.
Background Differences between the productivity of various firms across the world have puzzled economists over time. For instance, studies on the productivity of US firms have shown discrepancies of up to four times per employee between different firms in the same country (Bloom & Van Reenen 2007). However, only 50% of these divergences could be explained by differences in inputs such as productivity, even within homogeneous manufacturing industries. The observed variations in productivity mainly persisted over time (Bloom & Van Reenen 2010). American firms have gained a reputation for being best-managed companies in the world (Bloom and Van Reenen 2007; Keegan 2017). Examples of American model firms include Apple, McDonald’s, IBM and Walmart, among many others. Furthermore, US business schools that educate top-level executives of these companies rate highly in global rankings (Agnew et al. 2016). Nonetheless, Japanese companies were considered the best companies in the 1980s because of adherence to lean manufacturing tenets associated with Toyota (Coetzee et al. 2016; Chiarini et al. 2018). Consequently, economic research has focused on digging into these productivity discrepancies by investigating different measures of inputs, including skills, materials and capital. Additional studies on the area have revealed that productivity is influenced by other factors such as advances in technology as well as research and development (Su et al. 2018; Andrews et al. 2019). Nevertheless, focusing on these factors does not explain the discrepancies in productivity comprehensively. Therefore, an understanding of how management practices differ from one country to another as well as relationships between the execution of different factors of production from a managerial perspective could help to clarify some of these differences. A number of global surveys have been done to collect data on these factors from different countries (Edwards et al. 2016; Bloom et al. 2019). A notable investigation is the World Management Survey (WMS), which tries to explain variations in management practices across firms and countries (World Management Survey 2015). The WMS survey yielded a lot of data whose mathematical and statistical analysis can reveal relationships, patterns and trends of management practice
Introduction After the US defeated Iraq and succeeded in removing Sadaam Hussein from power, they continued to stay in the country in order to ensure that peace prevails in the country and ensure that innocent people have their human rights observed without being killed for not adhering to the dictatorial and unfair demands of the Hussein government. The US government has assisted in ensuring that the conflict between the Sunis and the Shiites is under control to avoid eruption of any civil war as the two communities were divided in deciding who should take over the government leadership after the Hussein removal from power. Immediate withdrawal of the US troops from the country would have caused a severe civil war between the ethnic communities who have been in conflict for a long time. Therefore, the US troops have attempted to maintain peace and order in Iraq by avoiding the eruption of the predicted civil war that would devastate the economy and its people negatively and adversely. Main body Secondly, the US has been committed in creating a better relationship with Iraq people by training and living together with Iraq soldiers in order for them to attain the necessary military techniques to maintain law and order in the country. This was done with the help of Arizona National Guard Military Police that has been set up in the country to enhance good relations with Iraq people to reduce the increasing cases of terrorism against the US due to their belief that the Americans are the greatest enemy of the world as they consider them against the Muslims. Thirdly, the US government has spent billions of their money in assisting rebuilding Iraq after the war. Considering that peace I the country has not completely been achieved, it would make no sense for the US troops to leave Iraq something that might lead to destruction of the facilities and buildings built. Therefore, their presence can be explained as an attempt to protect what they are trying and assisted to rebuild or put up. In addition, the US assists them with food relief, education programs and even grants to put up beneficial projects. However, this reason should not the basis that the US troops will use to continue staying in Iraq rather they should assist in making the transition of leadership more peaceful and democratic to avoid people from one community feeling left out something that would lead to a civil war. It is rather contradicting that the US troops remain Iraq even after assisting form a government to rule the people. What the US government ought to understand is that Iraq is an autonomous and sovereign state and therefore they should be allowed to rule themselves and make their own decisions. Secondly, the reason for Iraq attack by the US was never justified rather it seems that like the war was instigated by the US interest to contr
The innovations brought about by the progress of technology have made computers and interactions over the Internet an essential part of most people’s lives. However, regular interactions with various websites tend to reveal vast amounts of information that can be gathered and analyzed to identify a person as well as others who are close to him or her and make highly accurate guesses as to that person’s preferences and activities. This inference may be interpreted as a violation of privacy, raising moral concerns. However, the overall ethical framework for digital technologies and methods is difficult to establish, especially on a legislative level, due to the rapid and continuous evolution of the environment. Nevertheless, it is necessary to identify the current issues and possible solutions to attempt to address the concerns that arise in the digital sphere. Primary Concerns The main ethical questions related to digital ethics is whether modern data aggregation and analysis technologies violate the privacy of people if they are used to obtain personal information and whether these behaviors should be permitted. According to Damen, Köhler, and Woodard (2017), the term “privacy” as applied to information technology means “reference to the types of information available about an individual, whether they are primary or derived from analysis. These types of information include behavioral, financial, medical, biometric, consumer, and biographical” (p. 2), which would suggest that data analysis interferes with the right. However, the process is not necessarily immoral, as it may be performed with the consent of the person. Many data aggregation technologies are intended to assist a user by obtaining information about him or her and offering personalized services based on the data. Such services usually ask users for confirmation that they want their data to be collected and analyzed and allow them to choose what information to share. This model is employed by the majority of companies that engage in large-scale data collection, such as Google and Twitter. The consent of the user to the gathering and handling of his or her information makes the central process lawful and ethical. However, it is still surrounded by a variety of possible problems of uncertain morality. Data Management Awareness In modern society, technology advances at a significantly faster rate than awareness of
The twentieth century shall be remembered for the emergence of various technological breakthroughs that have had a dramatic impact on the social, political, and economic sectors. Although it has not been an easy ride, different stakeholders have done a commendable job in helping to achieve these technological achievements. Some of the major technological achievements of the 20 th century adopted in the essay are the internet and computers. The internet and the computers are two technological achievements that go hand in hand. To start with, the internet can be described as the interconnectivity of the global system through the use of computer networks (Ko, Chen & Chen, 2004, p.1). A computer network entails businesses, academic, public, private, and state networks that are locally and globally interlinked through optical, wireless, and electronic networking technologies. The internet can be traced back in the 1960s when it was extensively studied (Ko et al. 2004, p.1). Currently, the internet is used as a means of communication as people can send emails, browse, chat, and run businesses, among many other uses. In addition, the internet can be accessed from anywhere using mobile phones, cellular routers, game consoles, datacards, and laptops. One can also use a wireless connection to access the internet (Ko et al. 2004, p.1). On the other hand, a computer is an electronic device which has software and hardware that utilizes program commands to carry out multiple tasks (Ko et al. 2004, p1). Computers are the backbone of information and communication technology as they offer a platform from where ICT can be exercised. All technologies depend on computers as does all sectors of the economy. Although life went on even before these two technological achievements were discovered, the internet and computers have however changed our living standards immensely. Socially, the internet has enhanced a mode of communication where people can communicate and share information in real-time (Colley, 2002). Economically, both computers and the internet have led to an increase in the means of production and specialization (Colley, 2002). This has resulted in increased economic growth and improvement in the lives of all people. For example, with a sustainable economic growth, social amenities and infrastructure are made available. These are major drivers of human lives. It is imperative to note that although the inception of the computer has replaced humans in the workplace, it has also created jobs in related fields. In places like hospitals, the use of health information systems which are made of computers and internets have improved the welfare of patients. Data can easily be managed and patients are able to receive adequate and quality healthcare services which boost their lives. Operations and surgeries of life threatening health conditions like heart diseases can easily be carried. Students, researchers, and people in the academic field have had their lives empowered in the sense that information can is accessible easily online (Temmel, Theuermann, Ukowitz & Vogrin n.d). Wide varieties of reading materials, re
Introduction Conflicts in the workplace are a problem not only for employees themselves but also for managers since they often have to be involved in resolving subordinates’ disagreements and making decisions concerning disputes. Today, corporate ethics provides for the smoothing of serious conflicts. Nevertheless, covert discontent can be no less dangerous for the collective than overtone, as Shragai cites Professor Nicholson’s words (15). Therefore, it is essential to determine whether covert conflicts are as dangerous as overt confrontations and to indicate the difficulties faced by managers in resolving organizational disagreements. Professor Nicholson’s Position and Its Assessment There are several possible ways to manage conflicts. Thus, Shragai mentions the words of Professor Nicholson, from the London Business School, who argues that despite the much less aggressive forms of conflict within collectives today compared to previous conditions, there is still a danger to the microclimate (15). It is noticed that people morally suffer when their discontent is not expressed to their opponents, and it is the cause of many employees’ psychological instability (Shragai 15). The position of the professor is understandable, and there is a logic in his words. The longer a person restrains himself or herself from expressing a particular position in the face of another person, the greater is the chance that accumulated anger will spill out sooner or later in a much larger volume. Therefore, covert conflicts are not always less detrimental to the collective than overtones. Also, attendant factors deserve particular attention. According to Katz et al., working in groups requires responsibility from each member of the team, and if one participant of the collective does improper actions, it can not only disrupt the rhythm of work but also damage the conflict perpetrator’s relationship with his or her her colleagues (313). Moreover, intra-organizational conflicts, as Wu et al. claim, negatively affect the overall performance of a particular company since employees cannot mobilize all the forces to achieve the set goal (695). Therefore, the position of Professor Nicholson regarding the danger of covert conflicts is justified and relevant. Leaders’ Tasks Team leaders play an important role in case of conflicts. As it is mentioned by Shragai, if the leader refuses to take the initiative in resolving the conflict situation, his or her authority among subordinates may be lost (15). A similar position is also presented by Rahim who notes that the management of the intra-group conflict requires the commitment of the leadership so that all the misunderstandings could not develop into a global problem in the future (144). These opin
This study focused on the introduction and aspects of 3D printing in the United Kingdom. The marketing strategies that needed to be implemented in the field of 3D printing were analyzed, and in addition the study focused on the various macro environments affecting the 3D industry. Moreover, this research related the background of Makism 3D Corporation and the future of the 3D industry in the United Kingdom. The introduction of the 3D printing industry revamped the printing industry in the United Kingdom. The printing needs of government institutions, multinational corporations, institutions of higher learning, public and private companies and private citizens vary, and thus 3D printing presents a viable solution to all stakeholders as it is spectacular and pragmatic in the current scenario in the United Kingdom. Makism 3D Corporation is a company that deals with manufacturing 3D printers and it is located in Cambridge. The company exhibited high levels of innovation and competence through the introduction of new technology in the printing field. Makism 3D Corporation manufactures various types of 3D printers which include the Wideboy 3D printer models; A4/150, A4/200, A4/250. All these printers vary in terms of the printing volume, extruders, resolution of the layer, the filament size and power supply requirements. Makism 3D Corporation was incorporated in the year 2010 and the retirement planning group is its main shareholder. The company’s market capital price is about $64 million with the number of outstanding shares being about seventy million. The Wideboy family of printers constitutes the main products a