ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The case study shows how employees can be motivated by managing cultural diversity in the Japanese Construction Company. The company is Japanese leading contractors with around 300 employees from diverse backgrounds including Japanese, Filipinos, British, Turks, and Nepalese. The company mainly works for tunnels with the Japanese government and MTR in Hong Kong. Therefore, it can be considered as an international enterprise. The current problem with the Japanese Construction Company is a mixed culture brought about by the different races among the employees. Employee turnover rate is very high, approximately 25 percent per year. Similarly, there is high sick leave rate for both male and female employees. In addition, there is poor communication among the employees as well as between the management and the lower staff. The firm cannot provide attractive benefits to the staff, yet they are overworked. No training schemes are put in place and the employees do not see any future career development. Relationship between staff and management is weakening further due to poor working conditions. Evidently, very few people are joining the company though the firm has advertized new posts. The new employees are not even oriented to the company workings. The management lacks innovation hence cannot meet societal changes. The need to investigate the relationship between cultural diversity and employee motivation arose from the fact that the problem is escalating, yet nobody seems to bother about it. The firm is losing potential employees and the output per employee is very low. I was employed in the company as the human resource manager on a three-month contract. What I understand is that HRM is critical to any issue pertaining to employees. Despite weaknesses in other management fields, most of the problems perceived are related to HRM directly. I expect the report from my investigation to change the perspectives and actions of the management for the wellbeing of the employees and the company at large. It is also my wish to put theoretical knowledge about cultural diversity and motivation into practice. Conceptually, the issue at Japanese Construction Company is multidimensional as the problem suggests. Motivated workforce consists of employees who decide consciously to devote substantial effort to attaining something they perceive value in it. The relationship between cultural diversity
This article gives a point of view of American Apparel from the perspective of a fairly new company in a hotly competitive market. Lipke, the author, focuses on cutting down costs by the company to pay off the company’s debts, however after years of financial success, production problems have brought up costs in their LA facilities and lowered profitability. American Apparel applies product costing in tracking and assessing the expenses involved in the manufacturing process and selling costs, from raw materials purchases to costs incurred in transiting the finished products to retail stores (Lipke, 1). The article stresses that the main focus is on interdependent of the decision making process needed in apparel product development. Due to the kind of competitive environment American Apparel is operating in, product costing is essential for its survival in the market. American Apparel has established an elaborate inquiry that provides accurate information of a product’s real cost and benefit. American Apparel has recognized that its competitiveness is improved by purchasing, processing, logistics, and product design affiliates implement total lifecycle costing. American Apparel is trying to strengthen their management ranks with new talent and reduce inventory. Furthermore, the company mentions that they are a new company that has not worked out all the kinks yet and they are working hard to become more stable in the economy. Empirically, the article states, “(earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) ratio was increased to 2 (from 1.75) in the first quarter of 2010, and to 1.9 (from 1.65) in the second quarter”, and adds that, “The changes will enable American Apparel to access a larger amount of its $75 million credit facility with Bank of America” (Lipke, 2) Seidler, Ben. “Fur Takes Center Stage Again.” The New York Times . September 9 th Sept. 2010. Web. This article focuses on fashion material sourcing and selection as seen during the autumn/winter 2010 runway; fur has been a fashionable preference for fashion artisans, not only in the traditional Milan and Paris, but also in New York and London. Material sourcing is not only meant to maintain a theme in a collection, but also is cost efficient on the consumers. It also shows the ability of de
Introduction The opposition or occurrence of differences between individuals or a group of persons is what is known as conflict. Conflict is a term that has been in the past perceived to be bringing about negative effects between or among a group of individuals. In the recent past, research has shown that despite its negativity conflict is also very important especially in organisations. However, this depends on how you view it once it has occurred. Conflict is thus inevitable in any society whether between individuals or organisations (Jensen, 2009, p.1). Conflict may also occur between nations thus it can occur everywhere. This paper is a summary of conflicts that are in organisations and how they should be managed. If not well handled, conflict may bring about permanent differences which may not be desirable. What is organisational conflict? An organisation is made up of a group of people working together so as to achieve the set goals and objectives of the organisation. Each person in a group of people usually has their own way of thinking and behaviour hence the need to pool all the differences to be union. Organisational conflict arises when the members of the organisation fail to agree on certain issues and decisions. The differences may be on matters concerning financial resources, interests and values of the organisations (DiGirolamo, 2006, p.2). It is said that not all conflict is bad though some may bring bad results, others are essential for the progress of the organisation. In an organisation the managers are therefore responsible for making sure that all its members are working as a team despite their differences so as to ensure smooth running of the organisation. Causes of conflict in organisations As mentioned above conflict is inevitable in organisations and thus is bound to occur because of the following reasons. A major cause of conflict is the different ways of thinking among individuals and the way they perceive issues. The fact that people have different morals, values and ethics they handle issues differently. The different motivation among people also causes conflict. People have different levels of satisfaction
Purpose – the main purpose of this article is to remove vacancy in the knowledge of person-environment fit theory and discover whether this theory can be applied to service workers in little towns in such countries as Malaysia and other developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – research is supported by reliable evidence, which was obtained by distributing questionnaires adapted from items in the Diagnostic Job survey among one hundred responders working in a government department in a small town called Gua Musang in Peninsular Malaysia. Satisfaction with the job was measured using the Job Descriptive Index. Findings – as a result of this research, some evidence supporting the S-V fit theory was obtained. This result was achieved by analyzing the data obtained from the questionnaires. They showed that the greater was dissidence between values of work quantity power and responsibility, the lesser became satisfaction. Results also show that if officials of a company want their workers to show better results, be more effective, and be more satisfied with their work, they should guarantee that these workers will able to achieve a better S-V fit. Research limitations/implications – one hundred respondents are not enough to make a conclusion about the general tendencies of these processes in the world, as stati
The introduction of modern telecommunication networks has come with great benefits to the modern society. However, the embracement of computer technology has come with disadvantages that cannot be ignored. The introduction of computer technology has created room for cyber crimes and cyber related crimes that have caused many people pain and losses to the society. According to the reports submitted by researchers and scholars on the negative effects of computer technology, it is evident that the innovation has come with numerous negative social impacts. Cyber crime refers to all the offences that are committed to another person or a group of people with a motive of harming them emotionally, physically and economically (Rothman and Mosmann 56). Cyber crimes are normally committed using modern telecommunication devices and networks such as mobile phones, computers, internet, emails, chat rooms and social sites among others. All these crimes are committed through the use of a computer and a network. The cyber crimes and cyber related crimes have become a social threat in the modern societies and in fact in some countries they have become a threat to the state security, health and financial systems. According the recent research by a group of experts from the developed countries, some of the major cybercrimes and cyber related crimes that have become so common include online child grooming, child pornography, cracking of software without the permission of the owner and Pirating intellectual properties among others. The embracement of computer technology has also contributed to the cyber related crimes such as invasion of privacy, loss of confidential information, financial theft, espionage and other cross border crimes. States have also contributed to the cyber crimes by involving in practices such as cyber warfare among others (Rothman and Mosmann 97). From the above examples, it is evident that, regardless of the fact that the innovation of computer technology has come with numerous benefits, it has also contributed to numerous negative social impacts that cannot go unmentioned. Cyber criminals have caused a lot of social injustices that need to be addressed and probable solutions suggested. For instance, children have been harassed through the internet, others subjected to pornography and other unfit information by cyber criminals. Consequently, this has ruined their morals and has introduced children to immoral behavior such as premarital sex and drug abuse (Rothman and Mosmann 128). Many people have been subjected to physical harm, emotional harm and economic harm as a result of cyber crime and cyber related crimes. People have had their online accounts hacked valuable information stolen and used to cause more harm to them or their family members. In some situations, marriages and relationships have been broken due to the use of information lost through cyber crimes. Both government and non-government organizations have also lost confidential information and money through cyber crimes and cyber related crimes. The society has lost its morals as the results of computer technology and the young people are now exposed to
Despite the fact that marketing might seem a relatively new concept, its origin dates back to the times when the first trade relationships where established; therefore, it can be assumed that marketing existed even in the prehistoric society when the concept of money had not been developed yet. Defining marketing, however, remains a very complicated task. Incorporating a number of elements and relating to an even greater number of fields, such as advertising, market analysis, etc., marketing is a rather obscure concept. With the help of Glaser’s article Marketing makes the car register ring (Glazer, 2001), defining marketing, however, becomes much easier. Glaser suggests that marketing should be considered from several viewpoints. The most obvious one concerns the advertizing aspect of marketing. Indeed, one must admit that marketing has a lot to do with promoting specific services or even an entire company; as a result, marketing is often defined from the perspective of its promotion functions. In light of the given facts, it can be assumed that marketing as a tool for enhancing sales. In a narrow sense, the choice of an advertisement technique often is defined as a marketing practice. According to what Glazer says, “Marketing is everything that is necessary to sell the product or service” (Glazer, 2001). However, Glazer also stresses that “Although advertising is an important part of marketing, it is just that — only a part of it” (Glazer, 2001). For instance, the recent Google Tour promotion has increased the sales of the product impressively (Chen & Lin, 2012). Another way to define the marketing is to take a closer look at the word itself. It is obvious that the process has something to do with the market. Indeed, as Glazer explains, marketing also means exploring a specific market, learning about the current demands, the latest innovations, the existing rivals and their performance, the saturation of the market with the specified product, etc.; the list can go on forever. The thoroughness of the research defines the resulting sales rates. Therefore, marketing can be defined as research within the boundaries of the target market. It is necessary to stress that Glazer offers a rather loose definition of marketing viewed as research. While Glazer does define marketing as a research, he still does not specify every single field that market
Issues related to healthcare policy planning and formulation are having and will continue to have noteworthy impacts on health-related paradigms and health care development in the 21 st century, not only in the United States but also globally (Almgren, 2007). On reflection, I can state that these impacts could not have been comprehensively understood if I failed to enroll in this course, and this dearth of knowledge could have negatively affected by learning and professional development. But upon enrollment and active participation in this course, I have benefited a great deal in not only evaluating the policy implications of healthcare legislation, but also in understanding ways through which I can undertake research to integrate the scientific evidence in the formulation of health policies, particularly those that are related to at-risk populations such as people suffering from HIV/AIDS or those suffering from various heart conditions. Additionally, this course has been an eye opener in enlightening my intellectual and practical capacities on the major issues and trends that impact on the delivery of healthcare nationally and internationally. In policy implications, perhaps one of the most important things that I have learnt is what we as individual nurses need to do to state our opinions and perspectives to those in power with a view to potentially influence health care policy. On reflection, I now know that I can indeed influence the health policy by seeking out to become a registered member of the nursing association in my local area, and afterwards registering with the local chapter of a national body such as the American Nurses Association. Such membership will not only boost my professional development by virtue of belonging to an ascribed professional body, but it will enhance my chances of actively contributing to healthcare legislation and evaluating how the policies passed by our law makers impact on healthcare delivery. This course has been particularly instrumental in developing my research acumen with regard to finding scientific evidence that could be used to provide credence to the various healthcare policies and to provide the groundwork to reformulate other policies that may not provide optimal results. On reflection, I have come to realize that information is a powerful tool in the nursing practice, and it is a fundamental component of our role as professional nurses to seek out this information when developing healthcare policies, no matter what our educational level. Through this course, I have come to realize that although we may not agree with the positions of those in political office or those leading various nursing associations, we have an opportunity to undertake critical research aimed at analyzing our own opinions, consider the viewpoints progressed by others, and take action by assuming an informed perspective. The at-risk populations require tailor-made solut
Introduction The history of labor unions in the US The text written by Michael Hout and Samuel Lucas focuses on the issue of trade-unionism in the U.S. It represents a comprehensive outlook of its history and current situation. In this essay I am going to try to make contribution to this problem. The history of trade-unionism began in 18 th century when first local unions appeared but the process of their development was halted by civil war and opposition of commercial and industrial elite. The first labor union was named National Labor Union but it was short-lived. Later the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was found in 1886 by Samuel Gompers. The beginning of the 20 th is connected with development of so-called industrial labor unions. For instance, in 1905 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) was founded and 1933 the Committee for Industrial Organization. After this the development of trade-unionism continued on the wide scale. Unjust social construction as a cause of labor movement The premises of labor unions development was the increasing exploitation of labor force resulting from unjust social construction. This connects labor oppression with its other types such as gender and race discrimination. At the beginning of 19 th century with the development of industrial economy the majority of poor were transformed into industrial workforce. The conditions of their work were inhuman, they had to work for more than 16 hours a day to earn their living, their families and children had to work much time too. The beginning of the 20 th century came with the adoption of repressive “fordist” system based on the principles of specialization designed by Taylor and known as taylorism. (McNamara, 1997-2007). This discrimination was in harsh contradiction with the claimed liberal rights of freedom, human dignity etc. Of course, the mobilization of workers’ movement as it expressed in the activities of trade-unions has to do with combating this unjust social construction. The people “had nothing to lose except their chains” in Marx famous words and that is why they managed to gain some advantages from the rich. The main achievements of labor-unions is the reduction of working day, normalization of working environment and conditions, the ability to have certain guarantees in regard to accidents, vacations etc. I consider labor unions to play an important role in the movement for social and personal rights. Their activities show that workers have managed to gain many concessions from the rich the best examples of which is Roosevelt’s “Big Deal” and so-called “welfare state” in Europe. Workers have now more comprehensive social and individual rights than they had in the beginning of the 19 th century. Legislation and social control The discrimination of workers is deeply rooted in economic discrimination. As Macpherson (1973) notes, market does not provide workers with opportunities but only with coercion. The system of labor law regulation is constructed so as to protect the interests of the owners and ensure the highest possible norm of profit, which presupposes the reduction of payment (only to sustain
Social media discrimination After a careful analysis of the websites of many recruitment agencies, I settled on two that suffice for this assignment. The two chosen agencies are Adecco and Randstad. Both companies have been selected on numerous occasions as two of the best-recruiting agencies in the US. This is due to their strict policies on negligent hiring. They ensure they fully know their candidates through a comprehensive recruitment process that centers on the need of their clients which Blakely-Gray (2017) admits are important. Despite this, a review of the agencies’ websites shows that both do not offer any indication of social media discrimination. Whereas applicants are not requested to give out their social media platforms in Randstad, they are requested to do so in Adecco. For example, one can register him/herself on the Adecco site using their social media platforms only (“Connect community”, 2018). Despite this, the company does not inform the new user whether they will use their social profiles as a basis of determining their suitability for the applied job. Cognitive overload Indeed, there are cases of cognitive overload in my school. The pressure to finish a syllabus on time is experienced by both teachers and students. I can argue that there are ethical technological advancements that can be used to lower the chances of cognitive overload in any situation (Turban, Pollard, & Wood, 2018). Based on personal experience I would suggest the creation of an LMS system that can be accessed anywhere. The teacher can upload all reading materials on the system before the semester and allow students to read on their own. This would mean that classroom setting are only for discussions and clarifications of readings that were not understood during self-study.