ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Individuality has always been thought to be an essential part of the creative process and art in general. However, what is often forgotten is that individuality does not occur on its own; it is often shaped and influenced by external influences either directly or indirectly Effect of groups and communities on individuality With regard to art and ceramics, sometimes communities can be perceived as a negative influence on individuality. This is because communities tend to create mass cultures and popular opinions. Therefore, any behaviour that contravenes tradition may be shunned. Art, by its very nature propagates the notion of experimentation and enrichment. It opposes the notion of tradition because this sometimes reduces man to nothing more than a machine or a slave of custom. The concept of freedom is very necessary in order to make individuality a reality. Therefore, any external factor that restricts that freedom – such as government or the community – can be seen as an interference in the creative process [1] . For example, a sculptor would need to look within himself in order to work on a piece of marble. He would need to ask himself what the real form of that marble is and then bring it out through a piece of sculpture. In other words, he is able to first seek true beauty within himself and then think and feel through the type of art that he creates. Communities or groups would interfere with this process and can therefore be regarded as a negative force. On the other hand, individuality is sometimes dependent on groups and the community. This is because all individualistic persons strive to reproduce and perpetuate themselves. They still seek to share their opinions and views with other artists who are like minded. At the end of a process of artistic creation, the producer must seek consumers. Art and ceramics only derive their complete meaning when they have been consumed. Sometimes this can be done practically by the use of ceramics and other practical objects. Conversely, this can be done through appreciation of the aesthetics inherent in a certain piece. Although individuality may be expressed in each piece, it is the ability of the artistic piece to attract the attention of art lovers or other groups who understand the concept that will lead to its ultimate usability. In the end, artists cannot simply operate in isolation. If they did so, then their work would not be reproduced or carried on from generation to generation. They would not be able to leave a legacy and their art would only be limited to their lifetimes. As much as individuality seeks to defy collectivism, it still requires communal approval in order to ensure that it is perpetuated. It should be noted here that sometimes that consumption may come from only a small portion of the population but this still does not undermine the fact that it comes from a combination of persons [2] . The community or groups may sometimes enrich the individual and thus contribute towards better artwork and the like. For instance, some artists may sometimes come together
Introduction There are numerous languages that are used in different parts of the world for communication. Arabic is one of them. It is spoken by many people in the world and mostly by countries in Middle East and the northern parts in the continent of Africa. In total, around 24 countries use this language as their official language. This language is also used by the Muslims as the language which is used to teach their religious teachings; consequently many Muslims use this language either as the first language or through learning it for religious purposes. Arabic is recognized by the United Nations as one of its official languages. Languages are important avenues for communication unique to human beings alone. Animals use different means of communication other than the language. Within the communities, there exist two important things which distinguish one community from the other, which are: language and culture. Any change in culture brings about a change in the corresponding language used in that culture. The kind of language used today is therefore a result of the years of evolution in the culture which have impacted on the language. This paper shall address the topic of classicism from the Quran in Arabic colloquial conversion and also the impacts of culture on aspects of Arabic language and/or Arabic language use. Different Forms of Arabic Arabic exists in several forms. They include the Quranic or classical Arabic, formal also known as modern standard Arabic and spoken or colloquial Arabic. The Quranic form is used mostly for religious purposes. It is the form of Arabic through which the Quran and other religious writing of the Muslims have been written. It is an old form of the language because its use dates back to the time when the first copies of Quran were written around 600’s. It has primarily been used for religious purposes and is learnt only to enable one to read and be able to perform other religious functions and not for everyday conversations or for scholarly writings. This form of Arabic is therefore only confined to the setting of religious writings in Islam and is rare in other areas of literature. For official communication and teaching in schools, modern standard Arabic is used. This is also the form that is used to write literary works and taught to foreigners who may want to learn Arabic as a foreign language. Colloquial Arabic is used in everyday conversations. It varies from one country to another with each Arabic speaking country having a different dialect from other countries. However, the form of Arabic spoken in Egypt is considered more standard among other
Stories about drugs are often covered by the news media. Illegal drug use and abuse are portrayed as having extremely harmful consequences, from causing serious health problems to lethal drug overdose cases (Goode, 2014). Legal drugs, such as alcohol and nicotine, however, do not receive as much attention in the media coverage, and the question of why this is so might need further consideration. Although international studies have revealed that legal drugs are much more harmful than illegal ones, news reports still seem to mostly cover stories about incidents and deaths caused by illegal drug abuse. Researchers have found that “combined tobacco and alcohol use cost more than a quarter of a billion disability-adjusted life-years worldwide”, while Illegal drugs “only accounted for tens of millions” (The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 2018). The lack of attention given to illegal drugs in the press can be attributed to a number of possible reasons. Firstly, people who die as a result of illicit drug use are generally younger than those who die of diseases caused by alcohol abuse or smoking. This may make the public see illegal drugs as a greater evil, with news media raising more awareness about this problem, and ignoring the fact that legal drugs can be just as habit-forming as legal ones. Secondly, the distinction between legal and illegal drugs by itself may be the reason why news media and the public tend to underestimate the problem. While many people claim they do not trust the government, when it comes to issues like this, they probably do. Making one type of drug illegal and another one legal on the governmental level gives people the idea that this division is valid, and the government made sure to prove the former type’s relative safety. Nevertheless, it has to be stated that all types of drugs are harmful and can destroy one’s health, work, family life and relationships. Raising awareness about one type of drug and ignoring another can pose the danger of creating common misconceptions about how damaging all of these drugs are. News media is one of the most important types of media, and its principles should include aiming to provide people with accurate information, especially when it concerns public health. Reference Goode, E. (2014). Drugs in American society . McGraw-Hill Education. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. (2018). Legal drugs are more dangerous than many illegal ones, a study finds . Web.
In most cases, chief executives or CEOs are overpaid to increase the competitiveness of the firm, to guarantee high profits, and offer decisions based on the unique experience and education. To provide stockholders with adequate premiums, companies need to pay CEOs and expect the implementation of the most effective strategic decisions. However, even though CEOs are responsible for making decisions, analyzing the situation, developing the company, monitoring the financial operations, and negotiating with partners, their wages are extremely high while comparing them to the compensations received by managers or employees. According to the data provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor, the CEOs’ median wage was about $102,000 per year in 2015 (U.S. Department of Labor, 2015). Still, the Occupational Information Network provides the higher numbers, and it is stated in the data that CEOs receive about $175,000 annually (O*NET, 2015). From this perspective, CEOs can be regarded as overpaid since the outcomes of their activities are not correlated with the costs for the company in the context of supporting other human resources. Therefore, it is unethical to focus on downsizing in those situations when staff shortages are necessary, but CEOs’ benefits continue to increase. From this point, there is a situation when a company needs to adjust to the external econo
Introduction General Motor Company is the world’s second largest automobile producer after Toyota. It is found in United States of America. The company employ’s different marketing strategies to ensure that it remains competitive in the ever changing motor industry. One of the strategies that the company uses is corporate social responsibilities practices to create awareness in the world market of its products existence. Under the policies of corporate social responsibilities, the company has embarked on massive environmental conservation measures which it approaches from an internal approach, through making environmental friendly products and external factors where it engages in environmental conservation practices. This paper analysis the conservation measures undertaken by the company. To approach the subject the paper will be guided by some questions. Characteristics of GM’s commitment to the environment The company approaches the issue of environmental conservation from an internal and external approach. Internally the company aims at producing products which emit pollutant minimal gasses. Half of the company’s production is landfill-free; this means that they can be recycled. The company has 43 landfill-free plants where they aim to recycle over 96% of its products and make fuel from 3%. This will reduce wastage to the environment. The company has embarked on continuous improvement of its automobiles to ensure that they are fuel efficient. Fuel efficient vehicles emit minimal green house gasses to the environment. Burning of fossil fuels has been quoted to be the highest source of green house gasses The Company has made measures to ensure that fuel consumption is to the maximum by its motor vehicles. When fuel is fully burnt, it effect to the environment are minimal. From the outside, the company has involved itself in environmental conservation activities like tree planting, garbage collection and water recycling projects. These are done for the public in various countries where the company has a branch. The company is also working on a project which will see it start manufacturing electrically charged motor vehicles. The company is approaching conservation from a curative approach. This is where it tries to engage in projects that restore the environment to its original form and also preventive measures where it ensures that it does not dispose its wastes in an unacceptable way (Jastram, 2007). Environmental issues with fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions Fuel is a natural resource which need to be protected like any other resource consequently burning of fuel emits green house gasses which affect the ozone layer. When the ozone layer has been affected, the resultant is global warming. It is estimated that in1906 – 2005, earth’s surface temperatures raised by 0.74 ± 0.18 °C. General motors’ have realised that burning of fossil fuel results to green house gasses emis
Path Through Courts There are two distinct types of trials heard in courts, criminal law where the state persecutes an individual for committing a crime, and civil law which is a trial between two private parties. The large majority of over 90% of all cases in America which numbers in millions are heard by state courts that are the backbone of the nation’s judicial system. Criminal activity ranging from robbery to murder is heard by state courts along with civil matters such as injury, malpractice, or divorce. Federal courts examine cases of interstate matters, national security, and matters of federal importance, such as the recent case against a Trump associate, Roger Stone which was heard in a U.S. District of Columbia court. Some matters of federal law or Constitutional importance can be examined in federal court even if seemingly minor ( “Dual court system,” n.d.). The path through the federal system is much simpler. The case is examined in one of 94 district courts where a federal judge is present, with the U.S. attorneys being the primary prosecutors. Upon a decision, the case can be appealed, at which point it is transferred to the United State court of appeals. There are twelve federal circuit courts were appeals, with circuit court having multiple judges. Appeals are heard by a panel of three judges which makes the decision that cannot be overruled by any future panel (United States Department of Justice, n.d.). At the state level, the case is heard at a state located in local jurisdictions and can have both criminal and civil hearings. Usually, there are a high variety of courts for specific legal matters, such as the family court, juvenile court, and others. Once decisions are made, a case is then appealed to the intermediate appellate court which is required to hear all cases. After this point, a decision can be appealed to the State Supreme Court if it is a relevant legal matter. Some states lack an appellate court, and all appealed cases go to the State Supreme Court on a mandatory basis. However, commonly cases are handpicked beforehand, and it does not hold a trial or fact-finding, but rather a panel of judges reviews the matters of the case, making the final decision which is final and must be upheld in the state. After the State Supreme Court or the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals, there is the final avenue of appeal, to the United States Supreme Court. The issue must commonly be of national importance and concerning federal law or the U.S. Constitution to be eligible
Introduction Macbeth is one of the exciting plays of Shakespeare that deal with tragedies such as murder, violence, and witchcraft. Several artists such as Roman Polanski and Geoffrey Wright have produced different versions of Macbeth, but they have tried to retain its originality. In their versions, the artists have tried to present the originality of the play by using various perspectives to explain the play to the audience. Owing to the similarities between these two versions of Macbeth, the essay compares the Roman Polanski’s version of Macbeth (1971) with the Geoffrey Wright’s version of the adaptation (2007) by examining how they deal with the theme of violence using murderous activities, witchcrafts, greed for power, and cast. Murder Murder is a common theme in the two films. Roman Polanski’s version of the Macbeth retells a play that involves a lord, who ascends to power after the actions of treachery, murder, and involvement with supernatural forces. The players that Polanski employs include Annis Francesca, who takes the part of a lady-Macbeth, and Jon Finch, who acts as Macbeth. The film brings to the fore the story of a highland lord who murders the King out of greed and love for power. In the film, Polanski presents the issue of murder as used in various parts of the film. From the start, the film is full of murderous activities, which involve Macbeth and his soldiers. Polanski commences the film with a conspiracy of the lord’s wife, who kills the King. Leggatt (2006) argues that the acts of murder include the killing of the King, soldiers, and bodyguards, as well as the family of the King. The film done by Wright illustrates the theme of violence by portraying various acts of murder that dominate the play. Wright portrays murderous acts because the soldiers kill and t
Apparel Industry Profile: When Art Meets Business The realm of the apparel industry has always had an air of inconsistency in demand around it. On the one hand, customers seek the products that can satisfy their basic needs for comfort and warmth; on the other hand, they strive to meet the standards set by current fashion trends. Therefore, a company operating in the retail industry faces an array of challenges. Nonetheless, the industry has been thriving, with its market having not even reached the stage of saturation and maturity, and the recent sales rates peaking at $3,000,000,000 in the U.S. ( Apparel 2018). The market of the retail industry is represented by a range of companies that have been trying to capture the success of Abercrombie & Fitch for several decades. Since the target company provides mostly the products associated with the apparel department thereof, considering the apparel industry should also be deemed as important. In the American market, the specified niche has been taken by organizations such as Indietex, Gap, and American Eagle Outfitters ( Abercrombie & Fitch competitors 2016). However, due to the recent program that has allowed the company to shape its competitive advantage concerning the recent changes in the target market, one will be able to ensure that Abercrombie & Fitch will remain the leader in the apparel sector of retail. Organizational Purpose: Abercrombie & Fitch’s Mission and Vision The company sees its customers as unique individuals and, therefore, strives to stress this individuality as clearly as possible. Thus, the vision of the company can be described as focusing on customers’ requirements as the needs of people with high levels of individuality ( Forbes 2018). Correspondingly, the mission of the company is to meet the specified needs in a manner as satisfying and effective as possible. Abercrombie & Fitch has recently launched a program aimed at reinventing the company’s current business model and allow the company to attract new customers. Specifically, by launching the change that has helped the company to transfer to the mobile environment and enter the digital retail setting, Abercrombie & Fitch has retained its position in the global market and even managed to increase its returns. Abercrombie & Fitch’s Internal and External Environment: A Tour of the Firm The company has been focusing on addressing the needs of the global public for quite some time. The specified choice has shaped the company’s internal and external approach, compelling Abercrombie & Fitch’s managers to accept the principles of digital marketing and enter the context of the digital market. As a result of the specified endeavor, Abercrombie & Fitch has maintained its relevance and managed to introduce its products to a new and younger audience. Indeed, as the SWOT analysis proves (see Appendix A), the organization has been lacking the digital tools for a while, relying predominantly on the traditional method of marketing its products and selling it to the target audience. The marketing issue has been a particular obstacle for Abercrombie & Fitch regarding the company’s attempts at keeping its customers’ loyalty lev
Guy Montag is a central character in Fahrenheit 451 whose development and growth impress, teach, and prove that dynamism is an integral part of a person’s life. The dynamism of Montag as a character can be proved with the help of several examples. At the beginning of the story, Montag is introduced as an ordinary citizen of a totalitarian society, a man who has a job he does not completely understand, and a wife he does not even love. In a short period, however, he starts questioning his feelings, knowledge, and attitudes to the people around him and the life he has. None of the other people who stand by his side are ready to take the same steps as he has. Montag can see how unfair and prejudiced society can be and recognizes that he has the opportunity to change something. The dynamic aspect of the character is proved by his readiness to start reading the books he had burned without any regret just days before. It was Charles Dickens’ David Copperfield that was the first book read by Montag (Truffaut). His sacrifices, small changes, and considerable acts make him a purposeful and confident man who is ready to live his own dynamic life. The setting of Fahrenheit 451 plays an important role in the story. It is not enough to say that it is a dystopian society in which people are ready “to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history” (Bradbury 1). It also is important to understand that the author of the novel, as well as the director of the movie, wants to introduce a world that has survived two atomic wars since the middle of the 1990s. It is hard to give the specific year or name of the specific city, yet it is possible to identify the mood of people, their lifestyles, and the decisions they have to make to survive. It seems that people in this society have already lost their ability to be independent. They want to believe in their power and freedom; however, they do not even notice how dependent on television and the media they have already become. The chosen setting helps readers and viewers interpret the events of the story and realize that people are weak and that any new rule or standard can deprive them of emotions and feelings or, at the very least, make them forget about everything that matters. The tone of dystopia is a tone of despair and fear (Anwar 247). As a rule, such a tone may be set due to the already-existing doubts and concerns about the lifestyle and rules to be followed. For the author of the novel, it is not enough to present a foreboding image. It is also necessary to explain that people are not the victims of such circumstances but rather the direct creators. It is hard to read the chosen tone in any other way because from the very first lines, it becomes clear that people are tied to their past fears, to an inability to be political