ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A tort can be defined as a wrong that arises when a person breaches the civil rights of another. In cases of tort, there must not be a contractual obligation between parties. The breach of civil duty may result in cases that remedy damages. In this case, there are tortuous acts that were committed. The first element of a tort is negligence. The owners of the hotel owe Anna a duty of care as their customer and should ensure that the food served is good for human consumption. In this case, the duty of care has been breached by the presence of a piece of glass in the meal. Ann (plaintiff) as a result has suffered injuries and can therefore sue the hotel owners and receive damages from the defendant, the owners of the hotel. The defense of the hotel management is that injuries claimed are trivial and should therefore be pardoned. They may also claim that the action was unintentional and arises due to human error. The surgeon has also committed negligence to Anna by mistaking Anna and amputating her. Anna as a result has suffered injuries by losing her leg. She is therefore a potential plaintiff in this case and can sue the doctor (claimant) for negligence. The doctor owes his patients a duty of care which he has breached by administering the wrong treatment. The doctor is the defendant in this case and can claim defense of unintentional commission of the act. Another tortuous act in the case is trespass. The waiter (defendant) who was pouring wine can also be charged with trespassing to the body for spinning and bumping into Anna’s waiter (claimant). By bumping into her, she pushes her and thereby falls. This waiter can defend herself by claiming that her spinning was an act of self-defense and was thus unintentional. This could make her be relieved of the burden of paying damages. The old lady who was injured by the crowd who were vacating the room can also sue for trespass to the body. Here she is the claimant and those in the crowd become the defendants. The serious injuries experienced will become a ground for basing the damages. However, those in the crowd can claim self-defense as a reason for this act. They might also claim that the act was unintentional and hence not admissible. The third tort that can be adduced from the case is a nuisance. Nu
Introduction Basically, RTI is an integrated method of examining and intervening in a high-leveled prevention model in order to optimize learner achievement as well as reducing behavioral concerns. With RTI, institutions apply data in identifying learners exhibiting low performance, check learner progress, offer evidence-focused intercessions and regulate the weight and overall structure of such intercessions basing on a learner’s feedback, and determine learners experiencing education impairments or other impairments (Fletcher et al., 2007). Assessment must meet curriculum standards, adhere to technological sufficiency levels of viability and authenticity and offer enough guidelines to support learning programs that are student friendly. Ideally, there are three core functions for evaluation during learning and behavioral knowledge in the RTI model: determining the efficacy of the institution, level and curriculum; comparing learner responsiveness to grade position baseline objectives; determining if a learner is improving after intervention; and identifying particular skill deficiencies (Tomlinson and McTighe, 2007). Response to Intervention Framework The intervention procedures are important elements of RTI that support the common principle that liability for learner education is shared. RTI represents greatly designed, information focused framework which is vital during decision making throughout the intervention process. The procedures for problem solving need an apparent methodology, a determination of possible sources, plan developing, implementation, and assessment so as to achieve the desired results (Hallahan and Kauffman, 2004). A typical RTI framework comprises three tiers: Tier I dealing with key classroom guideline available to all learners, tier II that entails personalized support for learners showing insufficient development based on age, performance and behavior challenges, and tier III which provides an intensive and more focused intercession that is knowledge-explicit and based on development checking information as described in the table below.                                * Rural region                                                                                                                                                                                                        General institution details    * 350 pupils                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         * 60% Hispanic, 20% Asian, 10 % Black American, 5% White, 3% Filipino; 70% with socio-economic problems; 25% English native speakers; 9% learners with impairments.                                                                                  * 10-session day (30 minutes)                                                                                                                                                                                                                        * 3 tiers; 1 of English, 1 in algebra, and another one of science lessons
Executive Summary Topic The presented report will be focused on the ways Etihad can increase its capabilities and achieve set goals through the 2016-2026 destination statements. Furthermore, there is a developed strategic linkage map that covers the main activities the company implements in order to achieve desired outcomes, also illustrated in the map. Content Summary The paper contains Etihad Airways destination statements that span across four perspectives of the business: financial, customer, process, and growth with two statements related to each of the perspectives. In the financial sphere, Etihad Airways contributes up to five billion dollars to the UAE economy annually and increases the partnership revenue up to three times by 2026. In the customer sphere, Etihad maximizes the effectiveness of on-ground specialty commodities for customer’s comfort and safety and extends the range of available in the air facilities and commodities to cater to the needs and requirements of various groups of customers. In the process perspective, Etihad provides up to 150 destinations for the customers without cooperation with other airlines, with cooperation – up to 400 destinations globally and extends the capabilities of the cargo transportation department to fly cargo. Lastly, in the learning and growth perspective, the company provides new jobs and creates training and support for already existing employees and is a member of a global alliance. Remarks The report will be beneficial for future research on the topic of how a global corporation can increase its revenue and build a strategy targeted at achieving this goal. Introduction The report is targeted at the management of the Etihad Airways that is interested in maximizing the company’s presence on a global scale, providing immaculate services for its customers, and the increase is revenue both through cooperation with other global carriers and as a separate company. The primary aim of the report is to outline possible outcomes for the company, along with proposals of activities that are targeted at their achievement. The report consists of four interconnected parts. Part I consists of the Company’s background on the global market of airline services in which it operates, Part 2 presents the Etihad Airways destination statements for the future ten years. These statements cover the sphere of finance, expectation of customers, capabilities, and processes within the company, and the learning and growth perspective. Part 3 of the report illustrates a strategic linkage map that shows the desired outcomes of the companies and the activities that go towards achieving these outcomes. Part 4 analyzed the thr
Zeus Cross-Examined is a perfect title for the dialogue by Lucian that presents a satirical description of the conversation of the supreme god and a mortal whose disbelief in Zeus’ power sets the tone for the whole talk. The cross-examination of the god turns out to be fatal for him; as a result, the role of the deity is diminished and severely criticized. Zeus’ opponent, Cyniscus, succeeds in setting traps for the god and becomes the unquestionable winner of the argument due to his eloquence and because of Zeus’ wrong conduct and the disadvantageous position he adopts in the course of the controversy. It could have been possible to reach an alternative finale of the conversation if Zeus had adopted a different behavioral pattern. First of all, if I were the Deity questioned by a mortal, I would behave according to the status ascribed to gods. Zeus as a supreme god should demonstrate his rightful dominance instead of getting into the shoes of the accused of his powerlessness in the face of Fate. The general conduct of Zeus during the talk doomed him to failure. First, I would never let myself be involved in such a long and, obviously, tricky talk with a mortal. Second, I would never resort to questioning him like Zeus did when he was astonished by Cyniscus’ assertion that Cretan would not have a right to punish anyone. Zeus showed that he did not possess supreme intelligence, his knowledge was limited, and that spilled his reputation in the eyes of the opponent and the audience if there happened to be the audience. Secondly, there could be a strong temptation to lie when answering Cyniscus’ question if the Fates controlled Gods (Lucian unpaged). If Zeus answered negatively, there would have been no further argument as Cyniscus would have lost his main weapon. Still, to lie is not appropriate for gods, it is evident. However, I would mention that the Fates are considered to be the daughters of Zeus and Themis. If they are the children of such noble par
People have different opinions about this or that activity, event, or just imagine different things differently and it is considered to be a norm, as people are different, both by mental and physical abilities. Taking the example of any sports activity (let it be football) it is possible to criticize and analyze it from different points of view, such as the expectations from attending the sports activity and watch it in the open air and the experience from just watching the football match on TV, and it is impossible to deny that different experience and expectations are going to be the results of these different activities (participation in the match as a viewer and media watching). The experiences between watching some sporting event on TV or being present on the field are two different things, but the modern tendency is that TV enters people’s life deeper and deeper and today most people also enjoy watching TV with the same excitement as if they are present on that match. Funkhouser and Shaw (1990) claim that mass media has “the ability to shape portrayals of reality in ways that may in turn shape audience perceptions of content” (p. 75) what means that media has strengthened its positions to such extension that people may experience the same feelings and emotions while watching TV as if they were present on the match. Two different activities, to watch the football match on TV and to be present on the field may be considered from the point of view of being tolerant for boredom or inactivity. The main point which activity to consider boring depends on people’s perception the entertainment and rest. It is possible to call watching the match on TV boring, uninteresting, and inactive as sitting home person usually does not jump, scream or do other activities which people usually do in the stadium. Watching at home on TV people usually sit watch and are happy for their team quietly, without any active movements. On the other hand, taking into consideration the cultural norm theory and cultivation theory, it may be said that watching TV may also be interesting, active, and exciting. To explain this, cultural norm theory and cultivation theory are going to be analyzed. Cultural norm theory explains the ability of people to change their attitude to mass media and TV in our case. Cultural norm theory shows how watching the match on TV may be exciting, as a person has been influenced by TV and his/her attitude to the football match has been changed and the
Company profile ASDA Group Limited is a private limited company that operates in the UK retail industry. The firm was founded in 1949 and it operates 565 retail stores that are located in different parts of the UK, with its headquarters at Leeds. The firm ranks as the second largest retailer in the UK and it intends to position itself as the best-value retailer in the UK by exceeding the customers’ needs and expectations. Moreover, the firm intends to position itself as a retail store whose goods and services are affordable to everyone. In addition to its mission and purpose statements, the firm’s success over the years is also due to the organisational values that it nurtures. The firm’s values include providing optimal service to all customers, striving to achieve excellence, and respecting individuals. By the end of October 2012, the firm had experienced a 6% increment in its profitability. The firm’s success is associated with integration of effective marketing practices (Wood 2012). Despite its success over the years, ASDA is exposed to challenges emanating from the external business environment. Bates (2005) argues that the external business environment can be categorised into two broad areas, which include the general and the task environment. The task environment is comprised of five main components, which include the customers, suppliers, regulators, competitors, and strategic partners. This paper entails an analysis of ASDA’s task environment with the objective of making recommendations on the marketing strategies that the firm can adopt in order to contribute to the firm’s success. The external environment, PESTLE analysis According to Bates (2005), changes in the external environment affects the task environment and hence the microenvironment. Consequently, it is important for firms’ management teams to understand the external environments in order to formulate marketing strategies that will contribute towards achieving high competitive advantage. The table below illustrates a summary of the UK retail industry macro-environment by evaluating the political, social, economic, technological, and legal environments.                       The UK is a member of the Euro Zone, which presents a perfect opportunity for firms to expand to international markets.                                                                                                                                                   Political forces      The country is also characterised by a relatively high level of political stability, which motivates businesses to expand into different regions of the UK.                                                                                                                                     The UK has formulated effective taxation rules and policies.
The report on the E. coli outbreak due to the consumption of the Apple juice produced by Odwalla Inc. contaminated by the virulent strain of the bacterium O157:H7 brings to light the various factors which contributed to the unfortunate incident. It is not that Odwalla did not have any degree of responsibility into the massacre; but considering the other factors as well as the corporate culture nurtured by the Odwalla Inc. founder, Mr. Greg Steltenpohl along with the honest environment in which he had ran his business, it is clear that it is not al all fair to blame the company solely for what happened. Degrees of responsibility to Odwalla Odwalla Inc. produced unpasteurized fresh fruit and vegetable juices. They believed that the slow heat killing of pathogens in the juice based beverages not only altered the taste of the product but destroyed most of its nutrients and vitamins in the process though increasing its shelf life. They were absolutely right in their thinking. As they aimed at providing good healthy beverages to the customers, they could not afford the nutritional loss during pasteurization. There is indeed a threat of E. coli contamination in unpasteurized fruit juices, but Odwalla took a lot of necessary precautions in the processing method in their plant in Dinuba. They never accepted ground apples which might have come to the contact of E. coli contaminated soil. Above all apple juice is acidic in nature having a pH of 4.3. E. coli is not supposed to survive in such an acidic condition (Grant, 89). In spite of all these extreme precautions E. coli contamination occurred, primarily because of the batch of apples supplied to them. Those apples probably were ground apples accidentally coming in contact with the fecal contamination of cow, sheep or deer. So it is largely because of the suppliers who should be held responsible for that calamity rather than Odwalla Inc. The virulent E. coli strain, O157:H7 also played a large role in that outbreak by mutating itself to an acid tolerant variety and surviving in the low pH of the apple juice (O’Rourke, 112). It was no doubt unfortunate and grievous for what happened to people who just wanted to have healthy juice based beverages, but Odwalla Inc. had very little
Stereotype refers to oversimplification or even generalization of the many qualities attached to groups of persons such as nationality, sexual orientation, gender, race, religion or tribal affliation mentioning just but a few. Some of the qualities regularly used in day to day life to describe individuals for instance creative, intelligent, hardworking, brave, feisty, good in maths, good in athletics or seductive usually pose no particular threat. However,this references can also be stereotypes when they generalize groups of individuals in ways that will lead to them being discriminated and therefore ignoring diversities found in groups. It is therefore crucial that stereotypes are avoided as much as possible. The issue of media perpetuating stereotypes is not a matter of assumption but of fact since that is same measure for all the criterion of stereotyiping mentioned above but in a well calculated way and has in most cases achieved the persued mission. Most of the media houses studied have perpetuated these stereotypes by race, nationality, gender, religion, tribe and sexual orientation in order of listing with race as nost covered and sexual oriention getting least coverage (Adorno, Horkheimer & Max 2003). Some of the aides that the media has used as it continues to further stereotypes are televisions stations, radio stations, music, magazines, documentaries and movies. As the media advances these stereotypes, the society continues to do nothing to combact them. The problem with the society is the fact that they continue to be numb about these stereotypes. The society ignores them as if they were not there while they continue to put peoples lifes in jeopardy. One of the leading grouping the media uses most of the time is race. These involves grouping individuals by their skin colour which are black and white just to quote the most dominant races
The Antiguan racer is considered to be the world’s rarest snake and also the world’s most endangered species. The scientific name for the Antiguan racer is Alsophis antiguae . The snake is non-poisonous and has a grey-brown appearance. Antigua, a small island in the Caribbean is the only place on planet earth where the snake is known to exist. Currently, it is thought that only approximately two hundred of these rare snakes are alive (Daltry et al, 2004c). The Antiguan racer was thought to be extinct at a point in history and was only rediscovered in the late 1980s. The snake was rediscovered on an isolated islet the snake Although it has presently been declared as the world as endangered species, it was not until I991 that Awareness of the plight of the Antiguan racer was raised by Sajdak and Henderson. This was done in an article in the journal Oryx which was published the same year. In the year 1996, this species of snakes was listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as critically endangered(Daltry et al, 2004c).This came about as a result of a six week survey that was conducted in the year 1995. The aim of the survey, which was conducted on Great Bird Island, was to determine the status of the Antiguan racer. The mark-recapture method was used to estimate the number of snakes on the island. Transponders were fixed on the skins of the captured snakes before being released. The survey estimated that there were only about 51 snakes alive at that time. The factors affecting the number of snakes were also considered (Daltry et al, 2004c). The findings of the survey were quite alarming and they led to efforts to conserve the Antiguan racer. The survey results showed that the near extinction of the snake species was caused by a combination of factors. One of these factors was the destruction of its natural habitat by the activities of man. it was found that some of the snakes were being killed by people who feared them. The other reason that led to a low number of these snakes was the presence of black rats. the rats continually fed on the eggs of the snake thereby reducing the number of offspring (Henderson, 1992). Mongoose was also a contributor to the problem. This is because the mongooses which were introduced to eliminate rats fed on the snakes instead. the reason for this was that both the mongoose and the snake are diurnal whereas the rats are nocturnal. The mongoose fed on the snakes during the day (Henderson, 1992). The survey also showed that the diminishing number of prey on the island contributed to the low number of snakes. The snakes were competing for limited food leading to the starvation and even death of some. It becam
Ethical / Multicultural Vignette Ting Li is a 31-years-old Asian American. She has a BSc in Engineering. She is an atheist, and she is divorced. Harry is an HR manager in an airline company in Tennessee. He is 59, a White European American, and is a very conservative Protestant (perhaps rather stereotypical). Jane is a psychologist working for the same airline company. She is a 29-years old White European American. Ting has a job interview for a position of an engineer in the firm where Harry works, and Harry is her interviewer. Harry is displeased to see an Asian woman because he thinks that America is for Americans (cultural bias); he also thinks that Ting must have bad English literacy skills, and someone must have edited her CV (cultural bias); in addition, he believes that engineering is not a women’s prof