ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The company’s assets peaked in 2018, as did net income and revenue. However, the increase is mainly due to a change in the long-term debt indicator, which more than tripled ( Starbucks Corporation , 2021). After 2018, the company’s current ratio became negative, which affects its liquidity and ability to pay off short-term liabilities. The company corrected the situation in 2020; however, there is no confident forecast for the future in this case for some reason. Firstly, Starbucks has already quite widely realized its potential, and therefore, huge investments, projects, or financial injections are not expected. Second, the significantly increased long-term debt in 2018 disrupted its relationship with the available capital quite noticeably, increasing it by several whole units. The importance of determining such indicators in the dynamics of the ratio of short-term and long-term assets and liabilities determines the company’s attractiveness for investors. Moreover, high or at least close to one indicator demonstrates the effectiveness of the company’s internal processes that manage assets and finances. Ideally, the company should be able not only to deal with short-term obligations confidently but also to have a strategy for the future, which sooner or later will reduce all debt obligations. Compared to competitors, Starbucks and McDonald’s have about the same picture: the company copes with short-term liabilities, which shows the current ratio is more than one, and the quick ratio is close to one. However, long-term liabilities will be more difficult for companies to cope with since both of them have significantly increased debt ( McDonald’s Cash Flow Statement 2005-2021 | MCD , 2021). JM Smucker or Dunkin Donuts does better in the long run but much worse in the short run ( J M Smucker Cash Flow Statement 2005-2021 | SJM, 2021). Although the debt to equity of this company is the only positive one among all competitors, the current and quick ratios are extremely low, which significantly reduces the company’s solvency. The results are presented in Table 2. Table 2 . Balance Sheet Analysis.                      Starbucks  McDonald’s  JM Smucker (Dunkin Donuts) Current Assets       9756       6243        1941                       Current Liabilities  8151       6181        2867                       Total Assets         31392      52626       16284                      Total Liabilities    36707      60451       8159                       Current Ratio        1.196      1.01        0.677                      Quick Ratio          0.927      0.899       0.302                      Debt to Equity       -2.75      -4.78       0.584                       References J M Smucker Cash Flow Statement 2005-2021 | SJM (2021). Web. McDonald’s Cash Flow Statement 2005-2021 | MCD (2021). Web. Starbucks Corporation . (2021). Web.
Problems, Differential Diagnoses, and a Primary Diagnosis Problems The main concern of the 56-year-old patient is severe pain and inflammation in the knee. During the last three weeks, the pain was consistent. Physical examination shows swollen and erythematous with periarticular involvement. Regarding the laboratory results, several differentials and one primary diagnosis are defined. Differential Diagnoses Osteoarthritis of the knee, unspecified (ICD-10: M17.9) is one of the frequent forms of arthritis that bothers many people around the whole world and is characterized by severe joint pain (Silverwood et al., 2015). Among the main risk factors for the disease, the patient has several, including older age (56 years) and obesity (310 pounds). He has not addressed the doctors in the last 6-7 years. It is hard to research his history. Hypertension (ICD-10: I10) is a common condition among older adults that lead to the development of numerous diseases and health problems such as infarction, strokes, and even death (James et al., 2014). Physical examination identifies BP 191/112. The results are higher than their normal values. Besides, the patient is at risk due to the presence of such factors as obesity (310 pounds) and age (above 45). Obesity (ICD-10: E66) is defined as a disorder that is usually characterized by an extensive presence of fact in a body. The patient’s weight is 310 pounds, and his height is 5’8’’. BMI is 47.1. It is an evident sign of obesity. High cholesterol level (300 mg/dL is another sign. Hypercholesteremia (ICD-10: E78.0) is a condition when the level of cholesterol is high than usual. The normal range should be from 100 to 130 mg/dL. The patient’s level of cholesterol is 300 mg/dL. Obesity is the main risk factor. Primary Diagnosis Pseudogout of the knee (ICD-10: M11.2) is also known as chondrocalcinosis and is characterized by severe pain in knee joints, inflammation processes, and changes in the laboratory tests. The patient’s complaint includes pain in the knee, and the examination proves inflammation. This disease is characterized by sudden pain and swelling. Besides, the high levels of cholesterol and Calcium should be taken into consideration because pseudogout results in joint inflammation caused by crystals of calcium pyrophosphate induction (Goroll & Mulley, 2014). Pharmacological Plan for a Primary Diagnosis The goal of the pharmacological plan is to remove or, at least, prevent the development and formation of new calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals. No particular cure for this disease exists. Therefore, it is necessary to combine treatments and therapies. NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and colchicine should be offered to the patient at the first stage of the treatment (MacMullan & McCarthy, 2012).  1. A low dose of colchicine (0.5 mg) is suggested twice per day. These drugs should be taken orally. The number of times could be increased in case pain bothers a patient frequently.  2. Naproxen, as one of the possible NSAIDs, could be offered: 500 mg two types per day orally to relieve knee pain. If the chosen drugs do not lead to the le
The three main approaches to teaching literacy described in the course book are commercial literacy programs; theme-based literacy programs; and literature based programs (Flint, Kitson, Lowe & Shaw, 2013). These approaches differ based on the reading materials and teaching and learning experiences utilized for the literacy classroom. Literacy teachers should acquire sufficient knowledge regarding the three literacy programs in order to make their work more effective. In the following paper, different approaches to planning for literacy programs will be described as well as my own choice for the use in the classroom. With regards to commercial literacy programs, their essence is in the implementation of commercial basal decodable texts and the scripted lesson plans that specify teachers’ questions and answers (Brown, 1999/2000). According to Arya, Martens, Wilson, Altwerger et al. (2005), these programs “incorporate systematic explicit phonics instruction, and include reading anthologies” (p. 68). Such programs often include supporting material for vocabulary studies for the students to make it easier to understand new words that cause difficulties (Irvin, Meltzer & Dukes, 2007). The major advantage of commercial literacy programs is their measurability. They allow very easy and convenient assessment of students’ skills that they have acquired during each lesson. As for theme-based literacy programs, their distinctive feature is the focus on the exploration of one subject during one lesson (Flint et al., 2013). This approach is effec
Introduction Autism, also known as autistic disorder, develops among children, who are under the age of three. The major characteristics of this disorder are impaired communication, problematic social interactions, repetitive behavior, and other forms of restricted interest. Many parents notice that their children have some delays with communication and regard these problems as the first signs of autism (Schwartz & Garfinkle, 1998). Nowadays, there are many various autism treatments that are available, and this is why in order to pick out the only one system that is certainly helpful and effective, it turns out to be crucially important to investigate autism, take into consideration its symptoms, consider the conditions, a family of a child with autism lives under, and try to identify the causes of this disorder correctly. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is one of augmentative and alternative communication systems that are aimed at minimizing difficulties connected to communications of people with autism disorders. The peculiar features of this system are low costs, absence of too complicated movements, and ability to take this kind of treatment quickly. Treatment of autism with the use of the Picture Exchange Communication System has many positive outcomes, which make this method really effective and widely-spread among the representatives of different countries, because even children with serious communication delays get a chance to work on their problems and improve their interpersonal communications. Autism as a Problem to Deal with The vast majority of children, suffering from autism, are characterized by “delayed speech and language skills” (Charlop-Christy et al., 2002, p. 213). Numerous investigations, which are aimed at studying autism and the problems, impaired children face with, prove that many issues have to be taken into consideration simultaneously. Communication strategies have to be developed regarding such points like non-vocal communication, sign language, electronic devices, which may help to comprehend information, and symbol systems, which are used to store information or share it with the others (Schwartz & Garfinkle, 2008). Parents, who notice that their child/children have some problems with communication or even explanation of some words or sounds, should not be afraid of some incurable disease that cursed their child/children. It is just one of the forms of disorder that is inherent to humans and may be improved within some period of time. Augmentative and alternative communication systems are usually used in order to improve communication deficits, children diagnosed with autism disorder may have (Ganz & Simpson, 2004). There are lots of types of this communication system that may be used with children, who have autism, and one of them is the Picture Exchange Communication System that is characterized by a proper picture base and the ability to find out the necessary approach to any child in order to identify his/her problem, contact to him/her, and help to improve the disorder u
Tall buildings can be seen as a challenge to fire safety standards, and elevators play an important role in such a statement. It was debated for more than two decades that elevators are not safe to use during a fire (Bukowski). Accordingly, the emphasis on fire safety can be explained through several factors. One factor can be seen through designing routes to access, where it is not expected that people will walk down to the exit in tall buildings. The latter emphasizes the evacuation time, as it was shown through the World Trade Centre attacks. At the same time, such difficulties can be seen through providing access to firefighters inside the building, which in the case of tall buildings is a challenging task as well. It can be seen that the focus on elevators is an important aspect in such context, where All of those factors and concerns considered in the of fire safety strategy for Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world, located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Considering the aforementioned characteristics of tall buildings, the fire safety in Burj Khalifa initially focused on two aspects, in addition to the general fire safety measures, which are the speed and the safety of evacuation. An important element in such a strategy was devoted to elevators and their construction. The risks with using elevators during safety are attributed to the that they can come to a stop for any number of reasons, trapping their occupants inside. In that regard, in addition to the building’s 57 elevators, a service/fireman’s elevator was constructed. Having a capacity of 5500 kg, it is the world’s tallest service elevator (CW Staff). Those elevators were divided into several banks, serving different use areas. In addition to the outstanding technical characteristics in the design of elevators along with other safety specifications, e.g. “375km of fire alarm cabling and 34km of chilled water pipes”, several design enhancements were considered for the fire safety strategy in Burj Khalifa, which were developed, implemented, and coordinated by Rolf Jensen & Associates, Inc (RJA), a US fire protection and security consultants (RJA) (CW Staff; RJA). One security strategy was in enabling elevators in the building to operate in emergency mode during evacuation. Such a solution enables the fire department to operate all the elevators manually, an enhancement that enabled cutting projected evacuation time in half (RJA). Another unique solution can be seen through the integration of the areas of refuge. “Certain floors have been designed
Introduction Entrepreneurs and business leaders should implement evidence-based strategies to overcome emerging challenges and create new opportunities for improving performance. SAP is one of the leading companies in the software technology and development sector. It has become a market leader in the fields of enterprise application and software development. It helps many firms and emerging businesses in a wide range of industries to operate optimally. The company’s leaders understand that most of the transaction revenues are supported using software applications and products (SAPs). This paper gives a detailed analysis of SAP Company, its major challenges, stages of the organizational lifecycle, good business practices, and recommendations for future entrepreneurial improvement. Case Summary and Facts: Challenges and Life-Cycle SAP offers advanced Internet of Things (IoT), analytics technologies, and machine learning systems to make it possible for customers to record positive results. It has an end-to-end suite of software applications that continue to make a difference for the global business community. SAP has established a coordinated network of partners, stakeholders, leaders, and customers to achieve its potential. Consequently, it continues to transform its customers’ lives while at the same time promoting the global economy ( SAP company information 2019). Currently, the first challenge or obstacle this organization is facing is the goal to remain focused and meet the diverse needs of its clients ( Forbes 2019). This is a major predicament since it has to overcome the temptations associated with emerging innovations and technological breakthroughs. The second one arises from the fact that customers expect SAP engineers, analysts, and technologists to rem
The Case A 22-year-old pregnant woman with a diagnosis of asthma is experiencing a change in the severity of asthma symptoms. She uses both an albuterol MDI and fluticasone MDI with increased regularity. Shortness of breath is present, and she was hospitalized twice last year for poorly controlled asthma. She also went to the emergency department three times during the last month. The situation is affecting her sleep and physical activity. Increased coughing is the clearest sign of her asthma not being in control. Shortness of breath during exercise suggests the presence of exercise-induced bronchospasm that can accompany uncontrolled cases of asthma (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2017). The case mentions the decreased effectiveness of the fluticasone MDI that she uses which can also be a clue to her condition (Zanforlin, Corsico, DI Marco, Patella, & Scichilone, 2016). Her pregnancy might be the leading factor for her condition. Commonly, pregnancy leads to the presence of a positive human chorionic gonadotropin, as well as hormonal imbalance. These factors are likely affecting the effectiveness of her fluticasone MDI, which makes her lose control of the condition (Baldacara & Silva, 2017). NIS guidelines suggest that her condition falls under “moderate severity asthma.” The frequency of her SABA use is increased, asthma is limiting her activity and night awakenings have increased pointing to this classification. Her patterns of MDI use in the last two months and the bronchospasm suggest that her asthma is poorly controlled (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2017). The NIS guidelines recommend monthly visits to the physician to monitor and assist in treatment. The use of albuterol is appropriate for pregnant women and should continue. However, fluticasone MDIs have shown to be ineffective and should not be utilized (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2017). For long-term care, budesonide can be used, as it has no evident negative effect on pregnant women their children (Goldie & Brightling, 2013).
Introduction The firms selected for this analysis are Al Baik, Almarai, and Emirates Airlines. Al Baik is a fast-food restaurant chain that operates 51 branded outlets in strategic city locations across Saudi Arabia (Al Baik, 2020). Its main products are the proprietary “broasted” chicken, shrimp, and spice blends. Shakour AbuGhazalah founded the first restaurant in 1974 in Jeddah, and currently, Al Baik is the third-largest brand with a market share of 5.7% (Al Baik, 2020). The company’s mission is to provide a satisfying experience to its customers craving for high-quality dining experience and service and a secure environment. Al Baik works with different suppliers and franchisees to deliver high value for customers. Almarai was incorporated as a joint-stock company in 2005. This Riyadh-based firm operates in the food and beverage industry through its branded dairy products. As the world’s largest vertically integrated organization, Almarai markets fresh and preserved milk, juices, yogurt, laban, cheddar, and butter in the Arabian Peninsula, where it enjoys a 28% market share (Almarai, 2018). Prince Sultan bin Mohammed founded Almarai in 1977 to meet the growing demand for dairy products. The company currently operates six dairy farms and multiple processing plants with about 674-million-liter production capacity (Almarai, 2019). Its growth strategy is founded on organic products, diversification into promising brands, and expansion to new markets. Almarai positions itself as a market leader in dairy farming, processing, and distribution. Emirates Airlines is a dominant player in the air transport industry in the Middle East region and beyond. The Dubai government-owned airline was founded in 1985 as The Emirates Group’s subsidiary with two leased planes (The Emirates Group, 2020). The company’s core operations include aircraft maintenance, ticketing, airport services, and ground handling. Emirates Airline operates in 155 destinations in over 80 countries globally, with the Dubai International Airport as its central hub (The Emirates Group, 2020). Its supply chain involves different fuel suppliers, aircraft, in-flight entertainment systems, and food and catering services. Purchasing Issues Effective supply chain management (SCM) is a critical source of competitive advantages for firms. Purchasing is an SCM element linking the business and its suppliers. It includes vendor selection, contract negotiation, and procurement of the supplies needed to produce products for the market (Stevenson, 2018). Typical purchasing issues relate to evaluating potential suppliers to ensure the quality, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of the materials. Addit
Introduction The question of the validity of belief in God, no matter how it may seem beaten at first glance, is very actively discussed in the modern analytical philosophy of religion and the related sciences. It might be assumed that the perspective, according to which we have good reason to believe in God, has an epistemological foundation. The below discussion will be focused on proving the latter statement. Rationality of Beliefs It is irrational to adhere to all beliefs because there are strong counter-arguments against them. Suppose there are no arguments against the existence of God or the basic Christian dogmas outlined in the Nicene Creed. It seems that for 2,000 years, no one has succeeded in proving that Jesus Christ did not exist as a historical person or that he did not rise from the dead (Moser 20). It is hardly reasonable to expect such evidence to appear in the future. However, the absence of arguments against certain views does not mean that they should be taken on faith. Imagine a small china teapot revolving in orbit between Mars and Earth, or that an invisible pink unicorn lives at the other end of the universe. No one can prove or disprove these judgments. Still, it would not be wise to believe in them. True and Justified Belief in God To qualify for rational agreement on our part, the judgment must not only be true but also justified. For example, one likes the number three, and therefore they are convinced that in the stack of instant lottery tickets, the third from the bottom is the winner. They ask the saleswoman to sell this ticket, erase the protective layer and win a large sum of money. Thus, their judgment “the third from the bottom ticket is the winning one” turned out to be true. However, from this, it did not become justified – after all, they came to it in a completely random way, with the help of a chain of arbitrary associations that have nothing to do with the development of true judgments about the winning of lottery tickets. At this point, the main epistemological aspect of God should be stated. It can be formulated as follows – if the Christian faith is true, then it is also justified (Plantinga xii). For many other
This paper aims at analyzing a case study article by Clark et al., which is entitled “Financial Knowledge and 401(k) Investment Performance: A Case Study.” The article was published in the Journal of Pension Economics and Finance in 2017. The research question was whether financial literacy influenced the investment results of investors using retirement plans. The rationale for conducting this research was that previous studies did not focus specifically on the association between financial knowledge and investment outcomes. Those studies either did not assess how savvy their respondents were or used participants’ self-reported portfolios, not supported by any administrative records (Clark et al. 326). To address the gaps in the previous research, Clark et al. retrieved administrative records on employees’ investment performance from the OEB Fed (327). They also conducted an online survey to assess the financial knowledge of these employees (Clark et al. 327). After that, they synthesized the results of the survey with workers’ investment performance to answer their research question. Upon collecting the research data, the authors carried out a multivariate analysis of respondents’ financial knowledge and investment portfolios. Based on the results of the survey, participants were divided into three groups, ranging from the least to the most financially savvy. As for participants’ portfolios, researchers analyzed four investment outcomes, including “the portfolio equity share, expected excess return, SD, and non-systematic risk share” (Clark et al. 335). Clark et al. also controlled on respondents’ characteristics, such as sex, age, marital status, plan balance, and income (337). The results of the research were presented in tables in the form of linear regression estimates and coefficient estimates. In the case study under consideration, the theory was the first, followed by empirical findings. Researchers were aware of the existence of the association between financial knowledge and investment outcomes from the existing studies. Therefore, they aimed at confirming their hypothesis that more financially savvy investors earned more on their retirement plans than their financially illiterate counterparts. The conclusions of the study were that financial literacy positively influenced investment outcomes, mainly because the most financially savvy inves