ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The majority of the multicultural companies are embracing cultural diversity as a resourceful strategy to support new and unique ideas. Their aim is to promote higher levels of competency within the workforce. Embracing diversity such as cultural differences also comes with some negative effects such as misunderstandings. Diversity in companies includes differences of social backgrounds, religious beliefs, region, races, languages, cultural practices, ethnic practices, personalities and gender among others. Work-based tension occurs regardless of whether one leads a group that has similar traits or differences. The leader must, therefore, utilize the tension created by the differences or similarities in a positive and creative manner. Values of Diversity Certain corporations such as Wal-Mart have continuously expanded to various countries, as evident from their recent decision to purchase South Africa’s Massmart at $4.6 billion (Southern Times, 2011). They involve personnel from different cultural backgrounds depending on their ventures or locations. Knowing the advantages of culture is very important for business prosperity, for instance, Italians are more passionate and vocal compared to Japanese, who are subtle and quiet, choosing the latter group for public engagements is thus not a good choice. The differences occur due to different cultural orientations and not personalities. A good manager ought to be in a position of understanding differences without basing them on personalities or capabilities. This assists them to appreciate the unique and cultural differences, thus utilize parities or distinctions for better economic growth. In line with Pride et al (2009), people have different leadership, operational and motivational procedures. The values of performance assist leaders in decision-making, since an informal style of operation, maybe better than formal depending on a given situation or time. Importance of Diversity The ability to appreciate diversity requires a great understanding of differences. A good business practice may work well in one region but fail in another due to cross-cultural differences. A person from America or Europe may fail to deliver better results in the United Arab Emirates since the Arab countries have strong religious practices that guide their actions such as rules that guide acceptance of gifts or respect for anticipated appropriateness. One aspect may become embarrassing when applied in a different setting, where one thought it would be successful due to prior successes. People have different ways of appreciating things, and therefore their responses depend on cultural policies. Appreciating diversity in firms is an ongoing process that requires upgrading that thrives businesses to greater heights. Different laws
Defining design is a complicated task, as the concept of design embraces a range of aspects of people’s lives, including personal ones, social ones, economic ones, etc. However, there have been several attempts at viewing design from a global perspective, Victor Papanek’s endeavor being the key attempt that has sparked numerous debates. According to Papanek, design represents a “conscious effort to impose a meaningful order” (Papanek 23). The assumption that Papanek makes when claiming that design allows for arranging specific elements for getting a unique message across, therefore, supports the idea of my paper, which uses design as the key tool for disclosing the policy of inequity in China. The author claims that design works as the force that “must be meaningful” (Papanek 25), whereas the paper that I have proposed uses design as the weapon for adding a very specific meaning to the installation that will be represented. Thus, the idea that the proposal is based on aligns with Papanek’s definition of design. Moreover, the installation in question is going to render very important political, cultural and socioeconomic issues, which can be viewed as the basis for the rich vs. poor conflict in China. The fact that the paper encompasses the key aspects of social life and is at the same time represents an artwork, being composed with the help of artistic tools, proves Papanek’s concept of design as a weapon for conveying a social message. Papanek’s claim concerning form following function as the basis for design is also reflected in the work in question. Particularly, the location of the objects and the purpose that they serve are interrelated in the work in question. To be more specific, the fact that two objects of similar shapes yet having the exact opposite attributes are juxtaposed in the picture that serves as the support for the paper can be considered the embodiment of Papanek’s statement. In the specified sketch, the form, i.e., the way, in which the elements are drawn, points at the obvious social problem in China. Moreover, the style of drawing can also be considered the manifestation of the idea of the form following the function. The sketchy, nonchalant manner, in which the image is drawn, serves as the foil for making the problem of inequity in China look even more important and urgent. The phenomenon of the function complex, which Papanek also touches upon, also makes a major part of my work. As the author explains, psychological conditioning, which defines people’s perception of a certain symbol or a group thereof, is related closely to one’s cultural background, i.e., childhood memories, traditional, beliefs, etc. (Papanek 36). Therefore, choosing the symbols that would convey the same idea for both the representatives of the Asian countries and the Western states was the key challenge. Papanek’s work allowed for solving the problem and locating the elements of design that would speak to the members of any commu
Introduction Business ethics are obligations that the management of a business should follow in doing business activities. Reflectively, when a business fails to follow these obligations, ethical dilemmas are likely to occur and negatively affect such the business. Based on the code of ethics, the management of a business should exercise integrity. Business ethics are presented as influenced by internal and external factors which when improperly aligned, result in an ethical dilemma. The main contributory factors to ethical dilemmas in the business environment include personal feelings and thoughts that are improper, especially on self-concept, motivation, attitudes, emotions and perceptions. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the OSHA benzene exposure rule in terms of business ethics. The OSHA Benzene Exposure Rule An ethical decision can be defined as a decision with moral and legal appeal to the wider community. The aspect of commitment is a crucial element in examining ethicality of a decision. In precision, for these decisions to hold and be positively assimilated into the market environment, a series of tests are carried out by gathering facts and incorporating them in defined issues surrounding ethics to test the consciousness in application. The aspect of competency is critical in separating the premises from assumptions in making ethical decisions. Thus, the suggestion is ethical since it considers the moral value of doing business. Lowering the limit of benzene exposure to 1ppm is not enough since even an exposure of this small magnitude has effects of health of employees. Despite the lower exposure, the effects in long term may be as severe as higher exposure in short term. Besides, little health protection will be observed by companies or work environments that have lowered their benzene exposure to meet the1ppm standard (Harris et al. 34). I disagree with the ruling since it creates a vacuum in companies to lower their strategies for complete work environment safety. Besides, companies that obey the lowered exposure will be very reluctant to compensate employees who are victims of benzene exposure in the long run. However, the lowered benzene exposure level will protect the employees from extreme carelessness on the part of the work environment. Besides, employees will be in a position to defend and sue companies who do not obey the benzene exposure limit and may demand compensation when necessary. The OSHA
The Person Miuccia Prada, a fashion designer, focuses on clothing that takes account of women’s curves, simultaneously combining her designs with fun and intelligence. Regarding her metier, very few designers exhibit such a unique style, save for the Belgian Martin Margiela. Looking at her background, there is a logical reason for this. Miuccia Bianchi Prada, born in the month of May 1949, hails from Teatro Piccolo, Milan. A zealous feminist in her formative years, she attained a PhD in Political Science and had a stint in politics with the Italian Communist Party. She also spent half a decade studying and performing mime. Her entry into the fashion realm was in the mid-80s, after persuading her family, owner of a luggage business, to generate a line of black nylon, backpacks and handbags. Prada was founded way back in 1913 by Miuccia’s grandfather, Mario Prada. These were modest and did not have much labelling, discordant with the theme at the time, where designer statements and exaggerated logo clothes were all the rave. Cognoscenti, unmoved by the steep prices wasted little time in taking up the bags, making the Prada brand and emblem of belonging, getting a nod from early fashion enthusiasts. The Prada bag was a must with celebrities and became and later on became a mainstay, along with Prada-designed evening gowns. She had no recognized design background, let alone needle skills. Her childhood wardrobe had provoked little along the lines of coquettish. Beige, blue and red pleated skirts were the main pieces in her closet, as she lost herself in the world of fancy clothing. Her mother, Luisa was quite conservative in dress, with a few English pieces, though nothing frivolous. Luisa insisted that her daughter wore flat shoes, in line with what Miuccia refers to as ‘Super-traditional’. She somehow had a dream of wearing pink, and these were the sparks of an early dalliance with fashion (Frankel 2008). Later on, the uniqueness in her items came (as is the case to date) from eccentric, unconventional use of shape and pattern as well as the use of high-tech fabric. It is a consequence of her keen exploration of pop culture and her provocative link to more traditional creators of sartorial femininity (Trebay 2008). As others in the fashion world happily present themselves as mere media-sensitive caricatures, this designer tries, both at a professional and personal level, to offer herself in a less patronizing, heartfelt way. The restlessness of her essence makes her perfect in modern-day fashion circles as she absorbs the dynamism of her world. To her, the hubbub of fashion lies in the hysterical search for novelty. As to whether it is a
Over the past few years, the popularity of homeschooling has increased rapidly. Since ordinary schools are unable to offer children the type of education which their parents believe is best for the youth, they have become a second-choice educational institutions for some of the parents. Homeschooling, on the contrary, has turned into a much better option. Because of the tangible help that churches offer to the members of the parish who have decided to homeschool their children, the role of churches has become crucial in homeschooling process. The above-mentioned concerns not only the sufficient help that churches provide to the parents of home-schooled children, but also numerous challenges that such type of dependency involves. Taking a closer look at the way in which churches participate in the homeschooling issues and the arrangement of homeschooling for the families, one can possibly offer the solutions to the existing problems. To start with, it is necessary to stress the role of church in the support of co-ops, which the whole homeschooling idea is based on. Developed from the existing parish, a co-op can be described as a mini-society which is regulated by the church and which the church offers educational opportunities to. As First Class explains, “The church supports the co-op by offering the use of its facility and helping to promote the ministry” 1 . Therefore, the church serves as a mechanism that helps not only build the co-op, but also keep it together. In addition, one must not lampshade the fact that it was with the help of church that the First Class Homeschool Ministries were established; according to the First Class , FCHM comes alongside and provides each co-op with its own website, online database, promotional materials and leadership training 2 . Hence, it can be concluded that church tackles the organizational issues concerning the homeschooling issues within the created co-op. Another important issue to consider is the fact that the church spurs the growth of the ministry’s influence. Thus, the premises for more people to join the community are created. In addition, in the congregational disputes that the churches in question took part in, the significance of the latter grows. Enhancing the impact of the ministry, church proves the parents’ right for their children to be taught at home, which is another important advantage that churches give to the adepts of homeschooling. As First Class stresses, with the increase of the ministry’s significance, “Churches have a tremendous opportunity to reach out to these families with support and encouragement,” which means further development of the community and the solution of the educational issues, as well as working on the homeschooling strategies 3 . Once the ministry becomes more influential, homeschooling will get a better
The article by Adam Alter, titled “How Labels like Black and Working Class Shape Your Identity” investigates the positive and negative influences of labeling on people, with an intent to understand and demonstrate how racial and social labels may determine the future of a person. One of the major statements made in the essay is that people are “incapable of ignoring social labels when assessing a person’s intelligence” McWhorter 469). The assessment of intelligence plays a key factor in education, academic success, and future employment. To prove this point, Adam Alter reports the results of several groundbreaking studies made in the 1980s. One of the studies, performed at Princeton University, examined the differences between perceptions of Hannah, an ordinary schoolgirl, based on her backgrounds. According to the findings, “Hannah’s ability was difficult to discern from the video, but some of the students began watching with the labels “wealthy” and “college educated” in mind, whereas the others began watching with the labels “working class” and “high school educated” in mind (McWhorter 470). Another study performed on elementary-school students showed that positive labeling, on the other hand, helps improve the grades and personal growth in students. The label I was given throughout my life was being a black man in American society. That label came with a variety of negative connotations. Some of them were a higher predisposition to crime, lower academic aptitude, and willingness to work, as well as a lack of responsibility in regards to sex and marriage. At the same time, the agenda enforced by the alt-right also portrayed me as a “free-loader sponsored by government handouts.” Any achievements I might have in school or at the workplace, including promotions, would be viewed as the result of diversity quotas rather than my own. These labels have a negative effect on my life and will affect the opportunities available to me in the future. Work Cited McWhorter, Kathleen, T. Successful College Writing. Brief 7th ed., Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2018.
The origins and the mechanisms through which homosexuality came to be a part of human history is not well known. However, it is thought that it has been practiced by people since they came into being. One of the earliest documented accounts of homosexuality is found in ancient pagan religious practices according to Kulkarni (3). It is not known if these homosexual practices were already within the society before entering into pagan worship; or if pagan rituals were responsible for the introduction of these practices to the rest of the society. According to Paul’s gospels however, the latter was what likely took place. In those days pagan gods were either female or male and could engage in coitus with one another in order to procreate. Having sex with gods became the norm with the aim of seeking divine intervention for the productivity of crops, human beings and animals (Koranteng-Pipim 5). Females and female gods were not preferred in particular as compared to male gods and other males. In ancient Greece, heterosexual and homosexual were not separate concepts; all of them were viewed as part and parcel of human sexuality. It was widely accepted that people were able to respond to attractiveness in a person regardless of their gender. The submissive role was for women and inferiors such as slaves and male youths according to Brent (3). However, it was frowned upon for male youths if they continued to be in the submissive role even after maturity. These views were also seen among the Romans but drastically changed when Rome became an empire as a result of social and economic upheavals. Christianity frowned upon homosexuality or any overt engagement in sexual activity for that matter except for the purposes of procreation. However, this has come under sharp debate with some arguing that Christianity was only against immorality and out of the ordinary sexual activity such as prostitution. In addition, the church eased on this stance and allowed sex for purposes other than procreation in its quest to recruit new members. Some Christian teachings prohibited any form of sex outside marriage a stand that has been adopted by all churches today (Brent 6). The decline of the Roman Empire saw more tolerance of the people and the authorities for homosexuality except the church and Visigothic Spain. In the subsequent centuries intolerance towards homosexuality arose once again and the church instituted punishments for what was now called sodomy, a practice that was possible even in heterosexual relationships. This continued to the 19 th century when secular arguments and interpretations from discipline such as medicine psychology replaced theological frameworks (Buchanan 17). At the same time, formal schooling reduced transgenerational contact and people were forced to engage in coitus with others of their age (Koranteng-Pipim 3). The idea that homosexuality and indeed one’s sexual orientation is innate came into being. Doctors began to advocate for the repeal of the p
Dealing with the consequences of terrorist acts, disastrous situations, and emergencies depends on the scale and features of cases. Proper consequence management (CM) activities help to resolve situations as smoothly as possible. This essay will discuss incident response planning systems, core capabilities, and focus of effort in case of an emergency. Further several terrorist attacks will be assessed regarding motives, intentions, and definitions of terrorism by state agencies. Response planning is an essential part of consequence management actions. It is suggested that the focus of the effort once an incident occurs should be on minimization of the consequences to the society and infrastructure, evoked by the emergency (Lapsey, 2019). It is necessary to develop a strategy to overcome the adverse effects of the event with the help of core capabilities that have to be established by authorities. Core capabilities can be defined as “homeland security and emergency management capacities at the national level in the areas of mitigation, prevention, protection, response, and recovery” (Flinn, 2018, p. 4). U.S. Department of Homeland Security proposes several core capabilities that need to be accomplished nationally. Among them are planning, public information and warning, operational coordination and critical transportation, health and safety, mass care services and rescue operations, and law enforcement (“National response framework,” 2016). Core capabilities help to assess the situation and plan actions to respond to unexpected events, such as terrorist attacks that will be examined further concerning their motives, intentions, and definitions. The first terrorist assault that can be investigated is the September 11 attacks. On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda, the Islamic terrorist group, captured several airplanes and directed them to the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. (“September 11 attacks,” 2019). The central motive stated by the leader of the group, Usama Bin Laden, was a mission of “holy war” due to the U.S. invasion in the Middle East and aggression against Muslims. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) defines terrorism as “politically motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents” (“A guide to researching terrorism,” 2015, para. 4). The definition suggests the attack should have been considered as an act of terror. Bin Laden intended to attack the U.S. and cause maximum destruction as he disliked Ame
Chapters 10 and 11 illuminate an array of complexities and intricacies of managing workgroups and teams as well as understanding individual behavior. The core measures revolve around effective communication techniques and approaches, which are especially critical in regards to disarming and addressing natural, but disruptive human emotions and behavior, such as anger. The issue of anger is tightly related to conflict management, which means that such a confrontation needs to be handled in a compassionate and non-defensive way. However, the methods discussed in these chapters provide solutions mostly through reflective listening, where a manager needs to respond to anger with a calm and rational attitude without any unnecessary sarcasm, self-defense, and grilling. In other words, the goal of such a measure is to ensure that a client or employee is heard during their emotional outburst (Summers, 2016). The muddiest point of these chapters is the fact that these approaches might not always work because my own experience of anger and handling angry individuals makes me confident that such a technique might only fuel the given emotion. In other words, confronting someone undergoing an anger outburst should not be solely reliant on reflective listening and other compassion-based approaches. It seems that in certain contexts, such as employee–employee or manager-employee, suppressing one’s anger outbursts can be successfully done through appropriate response, which is also based on anger and punishment rather than compassion. In conclusion, it seems that the chapters strictly adhere to one method of addressing anger in workgroups and individuals, where the subject is heard and understood. However, there are no fear-based methods, such as confronting with more anger, calling authorities, or using one’s power, which seems to be practiced in many such occurrences. Reference Summers, N. (2016). Fundamentals of case management practice: Skills for the human services (5 th ed.). Cengage Learning.