ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract A company that is involved in manufacturing operations like Riordan fans involves a large number of input materials processed. These material requirements need to be incorporated in more than a single manufacturing stage and the entire process is rather tedious and requires a large amount of input data on manufacturing plans, the stocks of purchased materials (existing), the work in progress and the engineering standards of the material requirements. The MRP of Riordan Fans MRP stands for Material Requirements Planning and there are a lot of software market systems that are available in the market for ready usage. Also known as bills of materials, these packages have been formulated on the material requirements for manufacturing operation (Sheikh, 2002). For Riordan electric fans, the bills of material need to be formulated for each stage of the company’s manufacturing process. It involves a common logical process which is further sub divided into the following steps. Firstly, the finished goods production plan is used to assess the total input materials requirements. Once the capabilities of the product are improved, the venders need to start and separate the name of the new MRP products with those that are old. This can be done through the Enterprise Resource Planning systems. The engineering design department of the Riordan electric fans would then modify and enter a fresh bill of material. The design data also needs to be revised and updated by the engineering department on a regular basis. This decision is taken in the planning phase of a project life cycle. What kind of materials would be incorporated while making electric fans and then from where they would be made available for the manufacturing department. So, all these decisions are made in this stage and risk management is initiated from the very beginning of the project life cycle. Riordan’s management would also keep these points in mind while moving towards next step. The Design Brief for Riordan Fans A design brief in simple terms is a written explanation that is sent to the designer and it contains the aims, the objectives as well as the milestones of the design project (William & Kazanas, 2008).Riordan electric fans would need to prepare an articulate design brief as it happens to be a critical part of the overall design process. The design brief of Riordan electric fans would ideally contain the company profile which includes the work of an organization, the date of its establishment, the number of employees it has hired, the niche market and how the company fits into the marketing sector. In order to ens
Prejudice and discrimination are impossible to avoid when living in society. However, you rarely think about them, if you are not a subject of bias. At least, what I can say about myself is that I have never really thought about prejudice and discrimination, their essence, and consequences. This course helped me realize that these phenomena are complicated and versatile. I have learned that they have many levels and can be formulated by the trends in television programs, commercials, music, and cultural developments. Well, I think it might be true because if since childhood we watch television programs that depict discrimination and bias, then we start thinking of them as of a normal way of building relations with people from outside our group. Nevertheless, I believe that media culture is not the initial source of imposing belief that treating those who are somehow not like you differently is normal. What is the most robust influential factor is the process of socialization within your group. As a kid, you start it within your family. However, growing up in a family that criticizes discrimination does not necessarily mean that you will become an unbiased adult. What matters is the further process of socialization when you become a member of a bigger group that consists of people with various ethnic, social, religious, and other backgrounds. Seeing the difference every day, you start thinking differently than when you were a part of your small social group – family. At least, it was like that for me. When I was in a family, I was completely unbiased because I always saw people who had similar backgrounds. When watching TV, I rarely thought that programs and commercials portray differences between people with different backgrounds; I just enjoyed the process. However, when I became a part of a larger group, I started noticing that I like people who are similar to my family members more than others who differ from me in some ways. Since then, I remarked that media also plays a role in this process showing differences between men and women, stressing on racial and class segregation. That said, what I believe is the source of bias is the subconscious desire to be involved with the members of your group that becomes stronger when you see that it is highlighted on television that aims at shaping particular attitudes to the member outside the group. Prejudice and discrimination are just one side of the process of socialization. Another side of it is acknowledging that they exist and influence other people, trying to understand what makes you bi
Among all the activities involved in business, marketing is the most visible and far reaching. It is virtually inescapable in the free world. Customers are often confronted with very many marketing messages from televisions, newspapers, radios, billboards, direct mail, and magazines and many more. Due to this reason, marketing is the whipping boy of social critics and business, who bewail the article for foisting all manner of misfits upon an otherwise innocent human population: pollution, materialism, resource depletion, economic inequities, materialism, and even the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica (Castellan 1993, p. 34). In spite of the criticism all over the spectrum, marketing still remains one of the vital business activities. It is the very lifeblood of organisations revenues, whereby without it, very few if any customers would be aware of the firm’s products and services. Therefore, it can be argued that marketing is the very essence of a free community in which competition of products, ideas, philosophies, among others, find their place in the marketplace. These variables in marketing are also referred to as environmental factors. Most of the external factors have control while others do not. According to the marketers, their vulnerability to the variables is always the function of the marketer’s resources, size and ability to respond. It has been noted that no organisation or firm has total immune to these external variables. The variables nature evolves from time to time. For instance, the impact of yesterday’s variable might be commonplace today, which might have little consequence for everyone. Moreover, the variables have new manifestations that appear as time passes by. For instance, some years back, the door to door retail may have had a great threat to retail in traditional stores. On the other hand, today the mail-order retailing is the current concern where door-to-door retail has very little attraction. To the marketers, they think of external valuables as being either opportunities or threats in their marketplace. Their biggest concern is to keep a steady outlook for both the opportunities and threats to make an appropriate response in a timely fashion (Castellan 1993, p.56). The marketer’s main objective in any marketplace is to maximise income. This can only be achieved through the creation of consumers to achieve their targeted goal. The marketers achieve their objective by increasing customer awareness, increasing brand loyalty, entering a new market segment, and increasing the product range. However, the marketers create influence on customer decision making through the exploitation of these factors. Some of the common external factors in the marketplace which are exploited include; new technological advancement whereby due to improved technology, new products have been put in the marketplace. As a result of new inventions, more consumers go by the new products, thus, abandoning the old fashioned products. Consequently, the ma
The problem of counterfeit products on Alibaba platforms is twofold: its first part is concerned with the managers’ awareness (or the neglect of the necessity for a change), and the second one is the issue proper: the presence of counterfeit products (Buchwald & Neckes, 2014). As a result, our recommendations include a two-step system of actions. First Step: Management Awareness The first step towards changing the situation consists of encouraging the management to realize the necessity of attending the issue. A thorough analysis of the situation with the help of strategic tools and the presentation of the results to the leaders of the company is suggested (Rao, Rao, & Sivaramakrishna, 2008). As shown in this paper, the results of such an analysis demonstrate the fact that counterfeit products are a weakness and tend to cause other weaknesses; therefore, these tools should improve the awareness of the managers. Another form of analysis, the development of multiple scenarios can be recommended as well. The main scenarios would include “doing nothing” and “changing the situation” with the latter developed according to the recommendations of the second step that is discussed below. Scenarios, as stated by Lindgren and Bandhold (2009), are both a “learning tool and planning instrument,” which means that they are suitable for the demonstration and analysis of the situation and the creation of a detailed plan for the implementation of the second-step recommendation (p. 24). Still, the primary role of scenarios consists of improving the awareness of the company’s leaders by demonstrating to them what the results of their actions and lack of actions can be. Second Step: Counterfeit Products After the first part of the issue is dealt with, the problem of counterfeit products can be attended. Here, the second recommendation from the previous chapter is chosen: it is suggested that the firm’s operations are revisited and restructured. The main reason for this choice is the fact that counterfeit products play a vital role in the company’s operations (Schuman, 2015; Alibaba Group, 2016). Since the problem is so deeply rooted, the attempt to deal with it is a major change that is likely to involve several aspects of the company’s activities: in other words, it will result in a reorganization that should be managed. Restructuring is a transformational tool for substantial and consistent change that is suitable for such management (Zilka & Bischoff, 2010). Several remarks can be made about the implementation of restructuring. As stated above, restructuring beings with an analysis as well, and the key tools include IFE, EFE, and PE
This essay considers primary texts by Quan Wei, Ouyang Yu and Merlinda Bobis. Further I considered two secondary texts by Ang and Lo. All the texts provide insight on the issue of racism in Australia. The primary texts, which are categorized as being of the multicultural genre, indicate clearly the identity dilemma faced by Asians due to given wider society definitions or stereotypes. The secondary texts tackled helped me towards appreciating the issue of identity in a multicultural society. Generally, this essay uncovers the historical roots of racism in Australia and how it continues manifest in society as illustrated by the primary texts. Racism is when people of one race are looked at as inferior or discriminated against by people of another race (Healey 2003, p15). In itself racism destroys and vilifies humanity. It goes against freedom, equality and fairness which are the pillars on which societal cohesion is built (Healey 2003, p9). Racism often entails one race lording over others thus going against the democratic principle of equal rights and representation of individuals. Racism is catalyzed by historical, economic, religious, cultural, and social factors (Healey 2003, p23). Racism surfaces in many guises along the mentioned factors; in different social contexts. Racism is largely influenced and determined by general social or communal or collective thinking (Pung 2008, 45). No matter the given justifications, the underlying reason for racism is belief that people of one race are inferior to others of another race. Such like thinking arises from misconceptions about a people’s culture or way of life. On serious scrutiny, racial discrimination is more as a result of fear of difference than any actual warranting reason. Fear of different others and economic competition leads to a herd mentality approach that discriminates others on flimsy bases. The major differences that have been used as basis for discrimination are individual customs, physical appearance, religion and general values. Additionally, language use has been basis for racial attitude with those who do not speak fluent foreign languages being seen as inferior. Racism manifests itself or is expressed in a number of ways. Racial discrimination can be direct or veiled. When an employer refuses to employ someone based on racial considerations; it is direct racism. Indirect, is in attitudes or practices that appear equitable but discriminating against some group. Indirect racism is normally institutional based. Within our social, political and institutional practices is imbedded a form of racism. For example, some legislation may warranty more vetting for immigrants from a certain region. People have degrading names for people of other races. There abound stereotypes as to what people of other races are or behave. For example, Pung
Introduction Culture is a way of life for members of a given community which is achieved through accumulation of knowledge, beliefs and symbols. It is passed down from one generation to the other through socialization avenues such as communication and imitation. Culture is thus the behavior of a group of people which forms their tradition and distinguishes the group from others. Art on the other hand can be viewed as a way of expressing culture and acts as carrier of the same. Culture attempts to justify art with each form of art having a story behind it (Shahid 57). A careful analysis of art is thus vital in understanding a people’s culture. Artists use their art to express how much they appreciate their culture and their way of life. Many scholars around the world agree that art is more of a condition in the life of human beings than pleasure. This is justification behind the integration of culture and philosophy in many college courses and books. Through their work, artists have helped in developing culture while at the same time providing entertainment (Gordon 46). Some of the authors who have shown great interest in the study of art and culture include Leo Tolstoy and Lewis R. Gordon. The author of this paper will attempt to analyze art and culture from the perspective of these two thinkers through an in depth analysis of their views and theories regarding the topic. It is evident that there exists a relationship between art and culture since art is a medium for storing culture. Analysis of Art and Culture by Leo Tolstoy and Lewis R. Gordon Culture is seen as a way of justifying art. There is therefore no art in absence of culture. For Leo Tolstoy art is a mixture of feelings by means of which the artist shares their emotions and feelings with the audience. Thus, art cannot be attributed to any specific class in the society. As long as the individuals understand the culture behind it, they are entitled to it. Leo Tolstoy is of the view that “…..through sight and hearing, a person can automatically detect the emotions of those expressing it” (Tolstoy 59). I argue that this position is true in that it is only through such processes that one can be understand the feelings of other people. Art should therefore be comprehensible as far as the audience is concerned. On his part, Lewis R. Gordon views art as a “symbolic expression of culture” (Gordon 44). Professional artists use their trade to express their views by through artistic media such as songs to draw the attention and feelings of their audience. The audience must be conversant with the artist’s culture to fully understand and appreciate the art. This is
Introduction Widely known as one of the most diverse animated movies presented by Disney, Aladdin has become a tremendously popular example of orientalism in modern culture. On the one hand, it depicts and popularizes the life of Arabs who have always faced discrimination and xenophobia throughout the world. On the other hand, the majority of critics argue that Asia and the Middle East are demonstrated as regressive, innately opaque, and bizarre cultures in this work of art. Taking into consideration that Disney movies have a considerable effect on the development of children, the wrong demonstration of minority groups can result in a potential increase in discrimination against other racial communities. Thus, Aladdin is a contemporary example of orientalism, as this movie is filled with racist and sexist tropes, which creates an improper image of Asia and the Middle East. Specific Features of Orientalism Nowadays, Edward Said’s Orientalism can be considered one of the first books discussing the importance of the problem of orientalism. Published in 1978, this book was initially misunderstood by other scientists and researchers, as it was the only source related to the meaning of a new term. According to Said (1978), orientalism can be defined as a prejudiced representation of the Arab-Islamic world by Western civilization in different kinds of art. The main characteristics of orientalism are a tendency towards despotism, aberrant mentality, the habit of inaccuracy, and backwardness. The author of the book highlights that the development of orientalism was not an accidental process but rather a well-planned operation aiming at enabling the political, economic, cultural, and social domination of the West. To protect the languages, lifestyles, art, cultures, and values of the representatives of Asia and the Middle East, it is essential to avoid the biased image of different population groups in literature, cinematography, and art. The History and Significance of Aladdin Aladdin has become one of the most tremendously popular animated movies in the entire world since 1992 when it was released by Walt Disney Pictures. Even though Aladdin is portrayed as an Arab in the movies, historians state that this character has Chinese origins. Early 19th-century versions of the story provide information that this tale was set in China (Romano, 2018). At the same time, there was no information regarding the author of this tale until the 18th-century translation of 1001 Nights. French writer Antoine Galland revealed that he had the opportunity to meet a Syrian storyteller who was the original author of this story. In turn, Ḥannā Diyāb doubts the honesty of the F
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based procedures work on the fact that given species of pathogens possess an inimitable RNA or DNA sequence that can be employed for its identification. PCR has made it possible to generate enormous quantities of a specific DNA sequence from a multifarious assortment of heterogeneous sequences. After the amplification of the desired DNA sequence into million copies, the sequence can be identified through other techniques such as DNA hybridization, whereby the desired sequence is hybridized with a probe and gel electrophoresis. Quantitative PCR commonly referred to as Real-time PCR has made it possible to quantify RNA or DNA present in a given sample. However, retroviruses (viruses whose genomes are composed of RNA as a substitute of DNA) such as influenza viruses are identified through the generation of copies of complementary DNA commonly denoted as cDNA from their RNA copies using reverse transcriptase. The generated complementary DNA copies are then amplified by polymerase Chain Reaction Procedures. This procedure is commonly referred to as Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RT-PCR. Due to the high specificity and sensitivity associated with PCR, has gained widespread usage as a diagnostic tool in various settings. Nevertheless, the primary aim of this paper is to provide a literature review on the use of PCR diagnostic tools in the detection of pathogens if food (Bruns, 2007). Hocking (2006) states that the use of polymerase chain reaction in the in vitro amplification of a nucleic acid sequence unique to a given pathogen permits robust diagnosis with increased specificity and sensitivity. He also points out that PCR procedures apply to practically any harmful bacteria and are primarily employed in conjunction with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in the detection of bacterial pathogens in food. According to Pattrinos & Ansorge (2005), Real-time PCR meets the accurate and robust detection of disease-causing bacteria in food samples essential for tracing outbreaks of bacterial pathogens within a specific food supply chain and food quality assurance. He points out that Real-time PCR-based analysis meets the above requirements since it highly reduces analysis time relative to conventional serological and biochemical identification procedures. Zourob, et al. (2008) point out that one of the greatest problems facing PCR-based diagnosis of food pathogens is to differentiate between death and life pathogenic cells. To overcome these problems, researchers developed mRNA-based real-time PCR assays instead of DNA-based assays. The former has the advantage of indicating the viability of the pathogen. As stated in Maurer (2006) the development of polymerase chain reaction has overcome the need for high quantities of organisms nearly 10 5 cells/ml or more