ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Restaurant management is a complex issue that demands enhanced competence related to the sphere and improved understanding of the target audience that visits a particular unit. At the same time, the tendency towards the gradual rise in the level of rivalry and increased demands of visitors to the quality of services introduce the need for improvement and implementation of new technologies to preserve leading positions and create value. However, the introduction of new approaches should be preconditioned by the comprehensive investigation of its pros and cons to ensure that the positive effect will be attained in the course of the change process. Existing Reservation System and OpenTable Therefore, speaking of Blackshops case, several factors should be considered before making a final decision about the implementation of the OpenTable system. First, at the moment, the restaurant uses a traditional approach to the reservation. It means that one of four managers have to work with reservations using a specific form. Regarding the fact that the traffic can achieve 200 guests on Friday nights and even more, the task becomes complex as a worker has to consider diverse variables like the number of free tables, their availability, arrival time, etc. Exhibit 4 of the case demonstrates that the manager introduces multiple corrections and notes to the form to monitor the situation and ensure that all guests will be provided with needed services (“Blackshop restaurant,” 2011). Numerous marks on the blank evidence the high probability of error. Additionally, the efficiency of reservation depends on the competence of the manager and his/her ability to work under pressure or regarding the high traffic. In such a way, the implementation of the OpenTable system could be considered an appropriate solution to attain better outcomes and preserve the target audience. Pro
Our modern life is overwhelmed by a culture of consumerism whose effects are far reaching to all people. This culture has led to many people trying to affirm their self identity and seek happiness by engaging in extensive consumption of products. To fuel this need for goods, more products are continuing to flood the market so as to sate our seemingly unquenchable thirst for products. The ancient teachings of Buddha offer some insights into how this culture can be taken into perspective and even broken. This paper will analyze the Four Noble Truths as offered by Buddha so as to ascertain if these truths can be used to overcome the bondage of materialism that has consumed modern man. The teachings of Buddha were considered as a raft through which man would be able to move from his current position of discontent to a farther shore of content. The “Four Noble Truths” are principles that are fundamental to the Buddhist philosophy. The first noble truth states that “Life means suffering”. This truth points to the inevitability of man to avoid physical pain and misery over his lifetime. It also reveals that there are positive experiences which man experiences in his lifetime. Buddha affirms that these positive experiences are temporal and they pass away with time. The culture of constantly consuming products is mostly in a bid to find true happiness. However, the teachings of Buddha rightfully state that this is only a temporal consolation. Through Buddha’s teachings, we can see that suffering is inevitable and therefore not something to try to avoid at whatever costs. The second Noble Truth states that “The origin of suffering is attachment”. As such, suffering is seen as springing from our desires, passions and clinging to objects that we hold dear. Buddha declares that since the objects of our affection are only temporal we cause ourselves great pain when we loss them. With this in mind, people should avoid attaching too much to their material possessions since they are temporal. By doing this, people can save themselves from heart ache that comes from the loss that inevitably follows. The third truth claims that “the cessation of suffering is attainable”. As such, man is not without a means by which he can alleviate his suffering that Buddha attributes to his earthly attachments. However, this teaching prescribes a different path to terminating suffering from the one that our modern culture applies. While our culture emphasis attainment of wealth and power as the only means through which suffering can be contained, Buddha reveals that suffering can be removed by the human act of detaching ourselves from our previous attachments. In conclusion, Buddha also offers a solution to the problem of suffering that man has. This is in the Forth Noble truth which proposes a balance between self over-indulgence and self-mortification which involves denying yourself off everything. This is the ba
Introduction Governance is a process where a government effectively exercises its constitutional authority and utilizes its resources adequately. The problems and affairs are collectively overseen by international organizations, government of countries and World organizations like; United Nations (UN), World Health Organization (WHO), African Union (AU) and European Union (EU) respectively. In the course of governing the globe, all the super powers that participate in this process make and implement policies that are beneficial to its citizens, government or corporate organizations. These benefits are either political or financial. This essay will constructively criticize Kathleen McNamara’s article “constructing authority in the European Union” which tries to portray the EU as illegitimate and a taken for granted political entity. Furthermore, the essay will analyze the importance of the EU as a global governor and the dividends which Europeans enjoy through this respected and important organization. This article critique is intended to acquaint the reader with the writer’s perspective regarding globalization and the management of the globe in a globalized age. (McNamara, 154) The European Union as a Global Governor The European Union has by every legitimate means contributed immensely to the growth of both member states of the union and the entire globe. The EU is regarded as one of the most powerful and successful political innovations in the world. It has 27 member states with its powerful presence recognized in a lot of political spheres. (McNamara, 153) Despite the EU’s reputation, writer Kathleen McNamara thinks otherwise. This brings to mind the question; what is McNamara’s perimeter for measuring success? Also important, one begins to wonder about McNamara’s source of information and how reliable or authentic these sources are. It is important to note that, there is no reliable and scholarly authority that supports McNamara’s argument and this implies that, the article “constructing authority in the European Union” is merely a personal opinion of McNamara. Regardless of the fact that every individual is entitled to his/her own opinion about any issue, McNamara’s argument about the EU could be termed as dogmatic. A literal example of this could be seen in the argument about the EU’s passport. The ability of the EU to successfully establish a standardized passport is a milestone achievement and a bold step in the right direction. This step is already emulated by the African Union and this clearly shows that, the EU regardless of McNamara’s argument had done something useful and worth emulating. (McNamara, 171) The EU has its significant presence in the world trade organization (WTO) and other formal international forums like the G-8. The world trade organization and the G-8 are reputa
Posture and body motions are examples of body language. A straight stance, for instance, conveys confidence; the same holds true for physical motions. Sitting upright and leaning forward on the chair, for example, displays attention and focus in the debate, but a relaxed reclining back posture may imply apathy or superiority. Although looks might be deceiving, not all of them are when it comes to professional communication. Consider the case of a sales agent offering a high-end fashion item. The clothing and footwear they wore would highlight their personal style as well as their fashion expertise essential for marketing the goods. Gestures are acts that are done automatically or routinely, such as tapping fingernails on a table, bending the head from side to side, or laying palms on the cheekbones. Even if they are not intended to, certain gestures might communicate the wrong idea. For example, a worker may rest his forehead in his palms when intently pondering, which may be misinterpreted as boredom. In my opinion, I perceive body language nicely. When a person makes some kind of movement in order to pay attention, I always do it. I consider my strongest side in terms of non-verbal communication. This style of communication accompanies everyone from birth, and although this type is well developed for everyone, decoding is not always up to par. Most often, I study body language by analyzing the behavior of people in cafes and other public places; in this way, I get to study the maximum possible number of people, which allows me to understand them better. Appearance is complex for me, I cannot always understand what a person wants to show with his appearance, but I would like to develop such a skill in myself since, in my opinion, it is essential. The capacity to encode good turn-taking messages can assist in guaranteeing that people can retain the ground when necessary in a discussion or make their way into a discussion effectively, without unfairly disrupting someone or appearing disrespectful. Encoding is the process of converting ideas into information. The encoder sends out a message via media such as a phone call, internet, text or email, face-to-face conference, or another communication device. The amount of conscious thinking that goes into encoding signals varies. Other instructions, diversions, or temptations should be considered by the encoder, as well as any disturbance that could conflict with their signal. In my opinion, I express my thoughts well in non-verbal language; at least people have always understood what I am trying to convey to them. I can say that body language is fundamental and understandable to me. However, as with decoding, I have difficulty understanding how to show some kind of desire to the interlocutor by appearance. I want to develop this skill as it is very versatile in everyday life and can help in many situations. Implementing the tips for becoming a better encoder of nonverbal will result in improved decoding ability due to greater awareness. Competent decoders of nonverbal information are considered to have nonverbal awareness, which, like skilled encoders, leads to more signifi
Nancy Reagan’s influence Nancy Reagan’s participation in the Reagan government has made the significance of researching First Ladies. Few onlookers of the government of Ronald Reagan would distrust the political influence of his wife. Mrs. Reagan was frequently regarded to have had a considerable influence in her husband’s administration, principally in the sphere of individuality. Even though each First Lady regards her role very dissimilarly, investigating the way in which Nancy Reagan completed the position offers insight not only into her historical significance as a First Lady, but also into the universal role of First Ladies within the American political structure. As a consequence, her impact in the administration was generally accepted. She is frequently described as the most influential First Lady since Eleanor Roosevelt. Not only did she frequently attend cabinet discussions, but she regularly arranged working lunches with the president at which policy matters were argues. She served as a substitute for the President on a trip to South America, where she argued policy proposals as well as attended official dinners – a fact that allegedly made many South American leaders very uncomfortable. Boyhood Like many other boys growing up in the Midwest after the turn of the century, Ronald was of primarily Irish descent. His father was a tough Irish-American shoe salesman and his mother was of Scottish-Irish descent. This caused the originality of the character among the other presidents, as it is attributed to any Irishman, he was sharp minded, coldhearted and jugmatical enough. Ronald was not completely a hooligan, however, he participated in fistfights, and once launched small rocket, that consequently caused the attendance of the police station. In fact, by the age of eleven he had turned to be quite religious and had chosen for himself that he wished to be baptized. If he was a revolutionary Some researchers argue that he was an ordinary politician, who just got the right place in the right time. Some argue that he won the cold war, and that his politics were the key factor in this victory. But the only thing is beyond any doubt: When Reagan came into office he was the leader of what had become a decomposed and disheartened American Military. The Communist ideals had begun diffusing to even more states, and it was with declaration and willpower that Reagan proved the power of the United States. Reagan realized that men can not always discourage enemies with speeches and petitions. Sometimes, it is necessary to take action – real action – to make people recognize that we are severe and committed to protecting our charges. Domestic policy goals The fact is that, during the late 1970s and most of the 1980s, the country was in a deep downturn. Energy charges increased, inflation was elevated, and the level of unemployment was high. C
The role of intangible assets is recognized as an important component of the company’s performance. Of these intangible assets, the intellectual capital (IC) is the most recognizable one. However, the concept of intellectual capital is vague, and thus difficult to assess, which is a common problem with all intangible values (Calabrese, Costa, and Menichini 3748). As an attempt to address this, the concept of IC is broken down into three categories: human capital, relational capital, and intellectual capital (Andreeva 126). Human capital commonly includes the relevant properties of the company employees, such as expertise, experience, creativity, teamwork capacity, problem-solving skills, and motivation (Sydler, Haefliger, Pruksa 3). Unlike other categories, human capital does not remain in the company when the staff leaves. Such categorization introduces some clarity to the question but does not positively resolve it. According to popular perception, the human capital, along with other components of IC, is primarily responsible for the performance of the company. However, for a long time, this perception remained within the intuitive domain since the managerial practices did not have a well-defined tool for its evaluation. This led to a controversial situation where the gap between the book value and market value of many business entities was explained by the vague concept of the intellectual capital rather than hard data supporting the notion. Naturally, this introduced the unpredictability and undermined the reliability of the financial analysis, including the value of the financial statements (PWC 10). In fact, according to some scholars, the severity of the latest financial crisis is explained for the most part by the inaccuracies in the financial statements resulting from the absence of the IC as a component of the evaluation, and the incorrect risk assessment (Iazzolino, Migliano, and Gregorace 44). Thus, several evaluation methods have been suggested to address the discrepancy. One approach suggests the use of the multi-discriminant analysis (MDA) to develop an appropriate scoring model with the inclusion of the IC as one of the determinants and calculating its weight relative to tangible financial factors. Such an approach still has its limitations since there is no universal method of conversion of intangible values into quantifiable data. Nevertheless, a study by Iazzolino, Migliano, and Gregorace shows that such a method produces a more meaningful and relevant data (52). When compared to a model that deliberately excludes the human capital data from the list, it creates results of higher consistency and eliminates type I and II errors. Aside from the analytical value, human capital presents a viable asset to invest in. A regression analysis of 69 pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies shows that higher investment into IC is associated with higher returns and better interaction between its components (Sydler, Haefliger, Pruksa 9). Essentially, this means that h
Introduction War presents a series of dynamics to the art world ranging from the creation of anti-war artistic pieces to the loss of certain works, to destruction or deliberate confiscation of artistic products. Since art, in general, describes a nation’s cultural heritage, then any damage done to its artists’ pieces often erodes parts of its culture. The paper will specifically focus on art theft and illegal appropriation postulating that the latter two are a form of cultural imperialism enacted by militarily strong nations in times of war. Art Theft and Illegal Appropriation During War A number of dictionaries describe cultural imperialism as the promotion and injection of one culture into another. More often than not, the nation with the upper hand is usually one that has great military might and a stronger economy than the dominated nation. In certain circumstances, nations may enact formal policy to carry this out or they may simply possess a general attitude about their superiority. From time immemorial, nations have been battling with the concept of cultural imperialism. When members of another society embrace a different culture, they often do so at the expense of their local one. For example, when England sought to spread Christianity in the sixteenth century, it required adherents to master the English language as Christian literature was only available in English. In the end, local cultures began losing their identity. Similarly, Greece attempted to impose its language and way of life in conquered territories such as Judea; this usually led to revolts from recipient nations. The reason behind such resistance lies in the fact that most nations longed to preserve their cultural identity; a notion rooted in the need to maintain cultural diversity throughout the world. Proponents of this school of thought believe that if the world is diverse, then it will be better equipped to handle various problems as each culture has its own unique way of thinking. (White, 21) It should be noted that there may be instances when cultural imperialism is accepted as a natural process of change. This usually occurs when the concerned party perceives its own culture as being deficient hence necessitating the need to bring in values and products from another society. Such communities never accept cultural imperialism consciously as most of them are usually concerned with the benefits they can derive from a certain commodity or service. During times of war, cultural imperialism takes on an opposite form to the latter mentioned ones. Invading countries focus on forcefully imposing their cultural values and hence eradicating native ones.
Introduction The aviation industry comprises of a complex system that aims at delivering safe and efficient air transport. The industry has various organizational elements that ensure that service provision in the industry is up to standard. Among the important elements of ensuring this are the selection and training of aircrew. It is very important to have a competent aircrew that will ensure safety and minimal errors in the aviation industry. Safety is one of the most critical factors in the aviation sector. It plays a major beneficial role in the prevention of accidents as well as in the enhancement of the financial performance of the aviation sector. It is important for the players in the aviation sector to take measures to ensure flight safety at all times. One of the measures that should be taken by the aviation association is the implementation of safety management systems whereby, the different stakeholders in the aviation industry such as pilots, engineers and the rest of the cabin crew are facilitated with skills to ensure safe operations (Harold & Andrews 2000). The safety management systems should also apply expertise in the handling of accidents cases and investigation processes. It has been indicated that most accidents in the aviation sectors are as a result of human errors. It is, therefore, important for workers within the air travel sector to be professionally trained on ways of improving the safety of their day to day operations. The use of advanced technology also requires that the aviation workers get facilitated with technological skills to enhance safety while handling the equipment. As the technologies used in the equipment continue to evolve, staff members need more and more training to ensure that they are at par with the changing technologies (Orlady, and Lauber 2009). Effective error management is also essential in the reduction of common accidents in the air travel industry. Failure to follow the required procedures in flight operations is likely to result into accidents. It is, therefore, important for the cabin crew to be trained on how to effectively handle such errors when they occur. It is important that necessary measures are taken to understand the reasons why various errors occur, and suggest on ways the air transport system can be improved to avoid such errors. Some of the areas that the air travel employees should be trained on include first aid and use of the automated systems. Training of air crew After the recruitment of the new air travel officers, they are allowed to familiarize themselves with their new workplace and responsibilities, and to ensure that they are able to promote safety and efficiency in their work. The training comprises of various stages all of which build on the skills and knowledge required to perform their various roles. The initial training to be conducted involves familiarizing the recruits with the process of flying in order to dispel any anxiety and fear that they might hav
Introduction The Calbury “Diary Milk” commercial is one of the most successful examples of meaning transfer and persuasion techniques widely used by advertises. In general, advertising communication is based on unique perceptions and attitudes of consumers, their cultural and social values. The commercial selected for analysis is based on unique vivid images appealing to both children and parents. This advertisement is selected for analysis because it represents one of the most popular brands, Calbury, and its unique description and representation of culture and cultural environment. Main body In “Diary Milk’ messages and images are unique aimed to influence attitudes and perception of consumers. In this ad, affect and cognition have each been assumed to play a major role in consumers’ reactions to Diary Milk commercial. There are many ways to see this, but one of the most obvious is simply to look at the two historically dominant ways of assessing Diary Milk effectiveness. When customers see the Diary Milk commercial, there are cognitive (especially memory) measures of meaning transfer. These measures are based on the assumption of “the more”, “the better”, although the actual reasons for why this should be the case have never been fully articulated. Clow, K.E. and Baack The Diary Milk commercial uses unique traditional colors of the brand, white and purple. The Calbury “Diary Milk” commercial is based on three main colors: red, white and light brown. These colors have a special meaning because they are at he Calbury “Diary Milk” cover: The importance of this strategy is to remind audience about the Calbury “Diary Milk” commercial brand and create certain associations between the picture and company’s colors. Light brown can be associated with golden lines and light. There are also affective measures of the Diary Milk commercial effectiveness based on meaning transfer principles such as attitude toward the brand, attitude toward the ad, and so on. The Diary Milk commercial shows that the m