ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Communicating effectively has been one of the important factors that help a person to succeed in the chosen profession. Studies have estimated that employees typically spend about 75% of their time communicating with colleagues or customers. Personnel who interface with their clients need exceptionally effective communicating skills. Various features related to effective communications are discussed in this paper. Issues and opportunities such as what is effective communication, models of effective communication, global communication strategies, and others are examined. What is Effective Communication Keane (July 2007) has suggested that effective communication is the skill of stating ideas, thoughts, instructions, or reports, in an unambiguous manner and with clarity so that the audience understands the intended meaning. Effective Communication is the process where information and ideas are relayed and received. Ideas are conveyed in spoken, written, or visual contexts and when a person is speaking, the tone of voice and the body language are very important. According to Keane, words make up for 7 percent of the communicated information, tone accounts for 55 %, and body language for 38 %. To be effective communicators, people should be aware of these forms, their use, and possible communication barriers The author rates effective communication along with skills such as delegation, time management, motivation, and leadership skills. To work or lead effectively, a manager or supervisor has to know how to explain clearly what needs to be done and how it has to be done. Keane has argued that an organization in effect acts like a human decision-making system and the quality and depth of the decisions that are taken depend on the effectiveness of the system used for communication. Models of Effective Communication Blitefield (2006) has presented a detailed discussion of the process of communication. According to the author, the process of communication has one communicator and at least one or more receivers. Effective communication starts with how completely the communicator can relate the information and how much of the information that is relayed is understood by the receivers. Effective communication between different disciplines has become one key aspect in organizations. In many cases, the communication process becomes complex when the subjects are controversial or there are multiple and diverse teams. The author speaks of the need to bridge the differences and this is one of the most important factors. The author has defined effective communication as the transmission of subjects and meaning between people and minimizing any misunderstand between them. Several models have been proposed for effective communications and some of them are discussed in the next paragraphs. Robbins (2003) has suggested that the models of effective communication essentially start with a clear understanding o
Introduction Sibling rivalry becomes the context of many Arabian families due to several key reasons. They include generation gap between sisters and brothers in addition to serial marriages and many other cultural aspects. It all leads to the fact that elder relatives can fail to understand the radicalism of the younger generations that are eager to cope with limitations established during their youth. The gender question also arises when it comes to mediating between siblings in Saudi Arabia. Both males and females are supposed to be responsible for their every action as soon as they grow mature. On the other hand, Arabian women may require men as guardians in accordance with Saudi Arabian national legislations in case they divorce or become widowed. All these components affect the way, how a mediator should act between siblings considering things to do and not to do while choosing the efficient way to handle with the siblings rivalry. Mediation between siblings: Things to do and not to do Siblings are children who live in the same family and are related to each other. Sibling rivalry dates back to old times. This term appeared the same time people started creating families. It “can be applied to its fullest extent when it comes to the Saudi royal family” (Reed 42). Numerous examples can be found in religion and Arabian national folklore that include tales illustrating tough relations between brothers and sisters. “One such story is the tale of al-Hasan al-Basri, in which the hero acts as the mediator between two brothers struggling over a magic rod and a magic invisible cap” (Alhujelan 8). Though this example is folk narrative, it can be used as a precise metaphor for family life in Saudi Arabia where people still keep their tribal names and stick to ancient traditions and customs. Before defining things to do and not to do while mediating between siblings, it is necessary to determine the origins of sibling disputes. Needless to say, people do not choose the family they are born in as well as their relatives. Gender and age differences can be the key reason for rivalry arising. In addition, siblings simply cannot find an understanding due to temperament and specific features of character. They need to cope with all those differences while sharing the people they want for themselves especially considering polygyny. For instance, two or three sons have one father. All of them may have different mothers. This fact makes them half-brothers, which can also be a problem. Other factors of sibling rivalry may include a family position that is strictly determined among Arabian families. The first thing is to choose the most appropriate strategy of mediating. “Moderate mediation assumes that the impact of the mediating variable depends on the values of the given moderator”
An important aspect of the product or service marketing is product (or service) design and development planning. In order for the company to stage a competitive and fruitful marketing for its products or services, a product or service plan must be put in place to match will the particular target market that the company intends to serve (Kotler & Keller, 127). The failure of proper planning of the product or service can spell doom to the company’s efforts. Very often we have seen products and services being introduced, but been withdrawn from the market all just because of a poor product design and development phase. Product design refers to the sum total of actions involved in creating and styling the look and feel of the product itself, it also involves making decisions on the product’s mechanical compositions and actual technical composition. Furthermore the product design involves selecting various materials and all relevant processes, together with various constituents that are necessary to make the product appealing to the consumer. On the other hand product Development is a term used to collectively explain the whole process of pointing out a market opportunity, creating a product that is highly attractive to the identified market segment, testing the product itself making necessary modifications, until it is ready for production. The two go hand in hand and complement each other. If this process is well undertaken, it is more probable that the product or service will succeed in the market (West, Ford & Ibrahim 36). The product development plan will tell the consumer the purpose of bringing a new product or service into the market and the necessary marketing strategy that the company intends to follow in order to achieve this purpose as far as the product is concerned. It also tells the company about target market at the same time it tells you the marketing weapons you’ll employ to designing innovative new products. Therefore, reducing risks and uncertainties for the organization, this would otherwise have put the organization in a more risky situation. The development and design plan will explain to the relevant stakeholders the amount of work that remains to launch the company products, what factors need to come together to make our concept work, and what the company is doing to bring them together. The company therefore tries to explain how installs systems to define measure, analyze, implement control the processes of producing products in proper time for consumption and in the best quality. The process of product design and development belongs to the marketing, design and manufacturing departments, and therefore demands for cooperation and a lot of interaction between different divisions in the organization. The product (or Service) design and development plan will handle the issues of product quality, value, and time that will take to roll out the product or service and all relevant c
Introduction Jesus has been viewed by the majority of Christians as being the Messiah. He is the core founding figure upon which the religion of Christianity is anchored (Edersheim 673). His teachings, according to Christians, are believed to the best; thus, he is regarded as the Messiah. However, there are some people who hold to the idea that Jesus is not the Jewish Messiah. This paper aims to discuss the historical accounts that support the theory that Jesus is the Jewish Messiah. The paper will also give the facts that have been provided to object this theory. A personal view on this theory will eventually be put forward. Historical Analysis of the doctrine “Jesus is the Jewish Messiah” Those who believe that Jesus is the Jewish Messiah have numerous reasons on which they base their argument. However, most of them believe that Jesus is the Jewish Messiah because he fulfilled most of the promises that were prophesied he would accomplish. According to Norman (63), all the facts that Jesus is the Jewish Messiah are in the Hebrew Bible. These include information such as Jesus’ place of birth, the accomplishments that he would make during his lifetime, his persecution, resurrection, and many similar pieces of evidence. As Norman (64) admits, there are many Bible verses that link Jesus to the Jewish Messiah. In Mic. 5.1, the Hebrew Scriptures say that Jesus was to be born in Bethlehem. This was later fulfilled when Jesus was, indeed, born in Bethlehem. According to “ The English Standard Version Bible ” Gen. 49.10, it was prophesied that the Messiah would hail from the tribe of Judah. As later recorded in the Greek scriptures, Jesus was born to Joseph and Mary, who were from the tribe of Judah. Zech. 9.9 put it clearly that the Jewish Messiah would at one-point present himself riding on an ass. This was fulfilled when Jesus rode on a donkey as a sign of humility. The book of Ps. 22. 1-31 had prophesied that Messiah would be persecuted and die. This happened when Jesus was tortured through whipping and piercin
Introduction As well as land and capital, labor is one of the main factors of production in economics. An organization’s activity and performance directly depend on human capital. Human capital signifies the talent, creativity, productivity, skills, and knowledge of the workforce. What is more, human capital is considered to be one of the most important factors of a country’s competitiveness. Gender equality plays a key role in human capital. Gender equality signifies that no one should be discriminated against due to his or her gender. Gender equality is a basic human right and a common value of the contemporary world. This paper is aimed at the analysis of the evolution of female labor market participation infertility and the detection of the main factors behind these evolutions. The Evolution of Female Labour Market Participation Although women started working after the Industrial Revolution that led to the rise of factory work, there was a significant increase in women’s labor force participation only over the last century. In the first half of the 20th century, only unmarried women worked (Leigh 2010). Less than one-third of women were in the labor force in the United States of America after World War II. “Women soon began to participate in greater numbers, and their labor force participation rose rapidly from the 1960s through the 1980s before slowing in the 1990s” ( Women in the labor force: a databook 2015). Women in the labor force reached a peak of 60 percent in 1999. Approximately the same statistics can be noticed in the evolution of female labor market participation in other developed countries. Cipollone, Patacchini, and Valenti (2014, p. 2) state that “the female participation rate in Europe has increased from around 55% in the early 90s to more than 66% in 2008”. Consequently, the female employment rate was increasing gradually during this period from the early 90s to 2008. Cipollone, Patacchini, and Vallanti (2014) underline that these changes led to a dramatic decrease in the gender employment gap, which was almost two times less in 2008 than it was in 1990. Women in the labor force enjoy all the associated benefits nowadays. For instance, Hamermesh and Trejo stress (2000, p. 38) that “for many years, California required that most women receive an overtime premium of time-and-a-half for hours of work beyond eight in a given day”. The evolution of female labor market participation has led to an increase in the supply of woman’s labor. The Evolution of Fertility On the contrary, with the establishment of modern economic growth, fertility is moving in a completely different direction. Fertility tends to decline in developed countries. As it is described by Sommer (2016, p. 2), “over the last four decades, the average total fertility rate in OECD countries has fallen dramatically: from 2.9 in the 1960s to 2.0
Executive Summary This report discusses the procurement of light and heavy vehicle transportation services by the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), which is based in the United Arab Emirates. It is separated into four sections: stakeholders, contract terms and conditions, sourcing approaches, and agreement negotiation. The first section analyzes the stakeholders involved in the provision of the service and evaluates the market as a whole. In the second, it develops a sourcing contract based on ADNOC’s current supply agreement template and evaluates its ability to counter various risks and enhance operations. The third section, develops and considers four different approaches to transport sourcing: an internal fleet, a sole supplier agreement, a dual supplier situation, and a multiple-supplier situation. Porter’s Five Forces and STEEPLE analyses were conducted for each and found some advantages as well as issues in each arrangement. The fourth and final section outlines the process of completing a tender and negotiating a transportation supply agreement. The process involves a number of steps that begin before the invitation to tender and continue after the contract has been finalized and the services start being rendered. Introduction: Transportation and Stakeholders Definition of the Light & Heavy Vehicle Transportation Service Agreement As a large company that offers a diverse range of services, ADNOC uses a large and diverse fleet of different vehicles. Examples include cars for personal transportation, buses for facilitating employee movement, trucks and forklifts to manage freight, and others. The company has chosen to outsource its transport fleet to a different business, which would be responsible for its maintenance and timely provision. In some cases, they will also provide dedicated drivers for these vehicles, who will be responsible for bringing them where they are needed, following requests from the hiring company, and returning them to the garage when they are no longer in use. Markowska (2019) notes that this approach can improve service quality and free the company reserves to focusing on its primary tasks. The arrangement between the companies is called a Light & Heavy Vehicle Transportation Service Agreement to incorporate all of the different possible items, which is the topic of this paper. Stakeholder Importance and Impact Analysis The first step of the analysis will be based on the 5 Rights framework, which consists of price, quality, quantity, time, and place. The price that is required of the product is one that is at most the same as the cost of purchasing and maintaining a transport fleet long-term, though preferably, it should be lower. The quality has to be superior to that of the alternative because otherwise, the outsourcing would not have a meaningful purpose. The quantity has to be sufficient to satisfy ADNOC’s changing needs, with some spare vehicles to use in case of damage or maintenance on the main fleet. They should be av
Cultural relativism I do not consider myself as cultural relativist, simply because there are no objective reasons to think of non-European cultural values as self-sustained paradigms. The worth of every culture directly corresponds to this culture’s ability to trigger the process of scientific progress. In its turn, this implies that the carriers of particular culture must be able to operate with highly abstract categories, as it is namely such their ability that creates preconditions for the emergence of civilization as complex geopolitical phenomenon. There are many unique cultures can be found throughout the world, representatives of which continue to regard their own cultural affiliation as such that needs to be “celebrated”. However, even the Presidents of such countries as Uganda or Papua-New Guinea wear European suits on official occasions, while trying to prove to the whole world that they are not just savages, but fully civilized individuals. After having originated in ancient Greece and Rome, the European ideals of physical and intellectual excellence continue to remain unsurpassed in aesthetic value. The only non-European cultures that were able to advance, since the beginning of Era of Exploration, are those that maintained a close socio-political ties with traditionally White countries. This points out to the fact that we cannot seriously discuss non-European cultural heritage as equally valuable to European cultural heritage. The non-European cultural values are being traditionally associated with “spirituality”, “closeness to nature” and “environmental friendliness”, whereas European cultural values cannot be discussed outside of notions of science and technological progress. However, it is namely science and not “spirituality”, which allowed America to put a man on the Moon and which lays at the core of Western civilization, as we know it. Therefore, the very concept of cultural relativism is not substantiated with hard evidence – it is not
What are the cores values to which the posters speak? How do they compare to recruitment efforts that you have seen? Posters of World War 1 presented a different style of propaganda because of the war time effort of U S government. These posters contains many values which all are touched the citizens who believed in democratic principles. Posters stated that U S A is the land of civilization apart from the Germans. Liberty is an essential attribute of democracy that is unbeaten in U S political system so it projected as the central value in posters. During the period of War Germany was under the monarchical rule of Kaiser. This was a positive factor exploited by the Americans that effectively used in war propaganda. Above values are helped to make public opinion approving the decision of government. Today’s recruitment efforts are entirely different to compare with World War 1. Present recruitment methods generally based on attractive offers or make the sense financial benefit. National feeling has no more roles in today’s recruitment efforts because of the profit motive advertisement. How are women portrayed in the posters? How are Germans portrayed in the posters? Posters are widely used to attract public opinion among the people of U S A to recognize the involvement in World War 1. That time there was no other effective medium of communication with the people. Many of the talented illustrators and journalists participated to the poster making to inspire the masses. Analyzing these posters one can find that most of them have acquired a successive influence among the public. One of the posters, “a sleeping woman dressed in the Stars and Stripes, reads, WAKE UP, AMERICA CIVILIZATION CALLS EVERY MAN, WOMAN AND CHILD”.In Howard Chandler Christy’s poster “ a girl exclaims, GEE I WISH I WERE A MAN ….I’D JOIN THE NAVY” (Selling the war: Recruitment posters of world war1 139). Another girl of Christy says, “I WANT YOU FOR THE NAVY”. During the time of U S war propaganda Germans also portrayed in the posters of the artists. F. Strothman created a useful “Freedom bond poster by portraying a German as the Satan-eyed, Spike-helmeted, his bayonet and hands dripping blood, reads, Beat Back the Hun with LIBERTY BONDS” (Selling the war: Recruitment posters of world war1 139). What did the CPI do? President Wilson and his military leaders decided to set up a committee concerned with World War 1 known as Committee on Public Information. C P I started a great labor for the propaganda to arise support of the U S citizens towards the entry in World War 1.During the time of Second World War there was no need of a wide propaganda because when the U S A directly attacked by the Japanese forces that made a terrible shock among the people. Here no such type of direct invasion over the land area of the country. So C P I faced a difficult task to create national feeling towards government policy. For these thousands of pamphlets, press re