ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Higher learning institutions in United Kingdom (UK) are not exempted from restrictive government policies. Therefore, it is vital to note that statutory decisions that have been integrated in public policies have several impacts in higher learning institutions owing to the fact that they act as important determinants in shaping systems and structures in these institutions. For the last two decades, UK’s Higher Education Framework has undergone tremendous changes that have been largely accelerated by implementation of myriad government policies. 1 For instance, Lord Brownie’s Review is one such policy that aims at introducing free market policy in higher learning institutions. The economic rationale behind Lord Brownie’s proposal is based on the fact that higher marketing education has been affected by lack of thorough competition. The proposal also asserts that education markets have quite often been associated with solutions to multiple problems facing private and public sectors. Therefore, the move towards adoption of market forces in UK’s higher education is aimed at fulfilling the much needed growth in the sector. 2 This paper offers a succinct analysis of economic benefits associated with free markets in higher education. It starts by tracing historical evidence of marketisation around the world and argues in favor of marketisation in higher learning institutions. Overview of Brownie‘s proposal The move towards this policy is in line with common trends that seeks to isolate perception of the public on higher education as social institutions. Instead, it attempts to view it as an industry. 3 The legitimization of higher education institutions as corporate entities that produce wide range of goods and services creates a competitive marketplace platform. This aspect changes their structure and operations. 4 The main goods and services are priced and supplied based on the laws of demand and supply. In addition, parents, students and any other stakeholder are perceived as customers with varying tastes and preferences in such a market context. 5 A critical analysis of Brownie’s proposal indicates that students’ education in UK will have quite a number of economic impacts whether there is some or no regulation of higher education industry. For instance, the proposal argues that there will be plenty of market competition among profit and non-profit market providers and hence, the government will no longer impose price ceilings on fees or number of students enrolled as part of promoting free market forces. As such, users will meet their own fees since the government will no longer subsidize costs incurred in education. Therefore, such users are free to choose what they what and the mode of study to adopt depending on availability of information in terms of price, quality as well as availability of their preferred programs. 6 However, while the changes might appear attractive in terms of economic di
The chapter on the Human Performance Improvement dwells upon the means that can be applied in organizations striving for the improvement and enhancement of their internal and external operations. The writing explains the importance of this tool for those companies reaching higher complexity in their organizational relationships. The authors stress out that the application of the tool is a necessity for contemporary companies and provide arguments proving the functionality of the approach. Human Performance Improvement (HPI) is the reflection of the increasing demand for systemic thinking, which implies versatile types of interventions (Reiser, 2012). HPI has presented a different perspective on the business outcomes and it views them as the final result of various associated elements. According to the chapter, the approach enables producing complex products because the current setting encourages managers to operate rapidly in diversified settings; consequently, simple solutions are no longer applicable and do not respond to the managerial requirements (Reiser, 2012). The increased organizational complexity promotes such an environment, in which the leadership should be able to exercise agility. Moreover, the introduction of HPI ensures that such specialists like performance consultants can do multi-tasking and collaborate with client groups efficiently. Further on, the authors underline that HPI has a focus on the company’s performance and contributes to its enhancement. With the help of the approach, managers are able to account for different environmental aspects simultaneously (Reiser, 2012). Thus, HPI influences the way the employees perform and reach higher organizational outcomes through alternative methods of obtaining results. HPI ensures that the organization is capable of making an analysis of the existing gaps and implements such practices that are beneficial and economically feasible for the firm. In terms of the human indicator, HPI is focused on the measures taken by people and the outcomes they get afterward. The professional field reveals that human performance has a systematic character and it can be managed in a structured way. In addition, it relies on the practical experience and is combined with the expertise. It addresses the performance in a variety of ways that are not limited to any setting or condition (Reiser, 2012). The performance indicator allows people to balance their behavior with the economic costs and subsequently lower them, though, reaching
Elevated stress among college students is detrimental because it can negatively affect their physical and mental health. Undergraduate learners with distress are likely to experience such behaviors as increased alcohol consumption, unhealthy eating habits, less exercise, and poor sleep. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for appropriate distress management approaches to counter the aforementioned outcomes. Developing distress decreasing programs, such as mindfulness meditation intervention, on campuses might be an efficient methodology for minimizing stress among students in higher institutions (Huberty et al., 2019). This essay provides a summary of an article on mindfulness meditation, outlines key takeaways from the presentation, defines terms from the piece, and describes findings related to “Calm,” a mobile application that encourages mindfulness meditation. Article Summary Since it can impact learners’ mental and physical health, developing distress reduction strategies on campuses is of significant precedence. Mindfulness interventions are increasingly becoming popular in colleges because they might help lower stress levels among undergraduates. Huberty et al. (2019) conducted this research to examine mindfulness meditation’s efficacy delivered through “Calm,” a client-centered mobile application for eight weeks. The study also tested the program’s feasibility through a mobile app and examined the possible implications it has on health behaviors. The methodology included a randomized wait-list control experiment with evaluations at baseline, eight weeks (post-intervention), and twelve weeks (follow-up) (Huberty et al., 2019). The findings revealed considerable modifications in all outcomes between the placebo and treatment grouping following covariate adjustments (post-intervention). Many learners in the group testified that “Calm” was instrumental in reducing stress since they were satisfied with the app and would recommend it to their schoolmates (Huberty et al., 2019). In conclusion, “Calm” is useful in mindfulness meditation to decrease stress and enhance self-compassion and mindfulness among students. As a health and physical educator, this research equips me with mindfulness knowledge to design future projects and help learners reduce stress levels. Key T
Introduction Language development is considered as a key component in the social, psychological, and moral life of a growing child. Nevertheless, it does not usually occur throughout the life of a human being, but in the early stages of development, mainly termed as childhood stages. At the same time, language development is a sequential process that does not take a short period of time, but quite some time to almost the maturity of an individual. Language can be defined as a medium, through which a person communicates with the other. In addition, language development occurs hand in hand with the stages of children development (Neuman et al., 2010). This paper will give an overview of the language specifically development in early child hood. Additionally, it will address on the best methodologies that teachers in care of the children in their early development stages should use in order to have success in teaching children language. On the other hand, it will give an overview of the various aspects that address the language acquirement in the early childhood, as well as the factors that influence the language development in young children. More over, it will also explore a number of theories that explain the development of language in the early childhood (Neuman, et al., 2010). Language development Language development is a continuous process; sequences of processes or events have to occur in the life of a human being in order for language to develop. In addition, one has to interact with people, objects and experiences in order that language development takes place. Language development occurs as a child moves from one stage of body development to the other. There are as number of developmental stages that a human being undergoes in order to mature, and similarly, the concept of language follows these growth patterns. Experts have identified language as a key to cultural background, our perceptions interactions with others as well as the environment as well as communication (Neuman et al., 2010). On the other hand, for language development to take place, there are various aspects that have been put into consideration by elites, which explain the acquisition of language in their different growth stages, since its newborn up to when it acquires 18-24 months. A child responds differently in speech during these different growth stages, thus it is very essential for parents to be enlightened on this to accelerate their caution during the times when they up bring their children, since any slight mistake would ruin a child forever. For instance, children that do not get a suitable person to interact with or teach them speech may end up being stammers or slow learners. Hence, the distinct aspects herein discussed indicate language acquisition pro
The Healthcare industry comprises of institutions that offer health services to the citizens. Such institutions include nursing homes, hospitals and healthcare facilities found in homes among other institutions. The operation of the institutions is either facilitated by the government or by the private sector. They are served by individuals who specialize in various areas of health. This enhances good health among the citizens of any given country. The healthcare industry is a social institution due to the fact that it is in the institutions where many people with various health complications meet. A social institution is basically defined by interactions among different people. In hospitals and other health institutions, there are different workers like nurses and their assistants who spend reasonable time attending to patients. Nurses socialize with the patients as they try to find out their problems. Socialization is vital for them since it serves as an effective way through which they get accurate health information from the patients. This information is used to administer the necessary treatment procedures. Socialization that occurs in healthcare facilities plays a significant role in helping patients with mental problems to recover. Other patients visit healthcare institutions with serious problems like stroke and other problems based on family matters. Doctors possess specialized training that helps them to talk with such patients until they recover. As social institutions, healthcare facilities function a bit differently from other private and public institutions. For instance, there is a remarkable difference when their operation is compared with that of public schools. Schools are governed by strict rules that must be followed by students. However, this is not the case with healthcare facilities. Their operations basically focus on building relationships with the societal members through the healthcare services they offer them. In addition to the importance of socialization in healthcare institutions, the healthcare industry applies an individual social philosophy that guides workers as they execute their duties. The focus of the industry is to gather information from healthcare institutions in totality and make comparisons that facilitate decision making. The industry’s commitment is provision of the best healthcare services to improve the lives of people. Therefore, the fact that the healthcare industry is a social institution cannot be denied. Working in the healthcare industry is usually a demanding and challenging experience. This is because healthcare workers are expected to be compassionate individuals who can handle patients with love and care until they recover. As a result, many demands are placed on them with regard to certification and their education. Concerning education, they have to undergo intensi
Sample This report basis its findings on the school health survey as opposed to the researcher reporting findings of original research. The school health survey uses a scientific sample selection process to recruit participants. A scientific sample means that the data collected is representative of the population from which the sample is drawn. The school health survey uses a school-based methodology whereby it selects institutions that meet certain criteria. Thus, the survey uses probability sampling in which every school that meets the specified criteria has an equal chance of all its learners being recruited to participate in the study. For the purpose of this study, the researcher relied on a sample size of 15,970 participants aged between 13-17 years. This is only a fraction of the school health survey that has recruited more than 450,000 students. The present study’s sample comprises both male and female participants from different institutions and nationalities. The sample is large enough to enhance research validity and generalization of findings to the entire population of students aged between 13-17 years. Design Generally, the research could rely on either positivism or the interpretivism research philosophy. For this study, positivism research philosophy was adopted in several ways. First, the researchers were interested in measuring the students’ experiences based on pre-defined straits such as washing hands after using a toilet or latrine. These traits represent measured and observed knowledge, which are key constituents of the positivism research philosophy. The opinions of the respondents remained unaltered, or “as it is”, during data analysis. This means that the research-based its findings on statistical outcomes as opposed to the researcher injecting self-interpretation of the respondent’s opinions. The result of this was high levels of research objectivism, which is a key component of positivism philosophy. Alongside the positivist philosophy, the research adopted the survey strategy that involved the use of self-administered questionnaires to collect from the participants. The advantage of using a survey is the fact that they are appropriate when a researcher wished to collect large volumes of data from many participants. This study involved 15,970 participants and hence the use of surveys was justified. Data Collection The data collection involved the use of self-administered questionnaires. The requirement was that each respondent completed the questionnaire on his/her own without the intervention of the researcher that would otherwise result in subjectivism in research. Considering the logistics and geographical factors required to meet 15,970 participants, the school health surv
What makes Arab people vulnerable to abuses There are many explanations of why a number of Arab people remain to be vulnerable to abuses and violations of human rights. One of the main reasons is the intention to restrict as many public activities as possible. Though there is no death penalty for such cases as kisses and touches in public or sharing private space with a person of an opposite sex (Leijen par.15), the citizens of the Gulf region may be sentenced to death for rape or treason. In fact, there are many rules and regulations that have to be followed by an ordinary Arab in order to avoid the death penalty. For example, Arab children do not have a right to be educated from their early ages. They are dependent on their parents (Busaidy par. 1). They are under a threat of being lost, kidnapped, or abused and not knowing what they can do to protect themselves. Kidnapping is another reasons for the death penalty to be sentenced. Therefore, it is possible to define children lack of knowledge as another basis of social vulnerability to abuses. In the Gulf region, there are also the cases of the vulnerability to abuses a number of domestic migrant workers and women can suffer from (Gibson & Black par. 17). Women cannot demonstrate their feelings and attitudes to the current state of affairs. They cannot control their working hours and choose the most appropriate working conditions. Finally, they cannot be sure that their salaries are always high and meet their expectations. All these poor working conditions can explain the reasons for why many Arab people stay vulnerable to abuses and try to search for some other ways to earn money. Many Arabs do not know how to protect themselves. They make themselves vulnerable to all those threats and abuses that take place in the world. One of the easiest ways to earn money is to be involved in drug trafficking that may also lead to the death penalty or life sentence. Finally, the death penalty is also possible if a person declines the power of Islam. People, who prefer the religion different from the Islamic one may be sentenced to death as well. Typical abuses and denial of the rights The United Arab Emirates is rather a young country, the government of which tries to establish as many clear rules and restrictions as possible to control and unite people, solve their expectations and meet their needs. Still, the intentions of the government or other leadership representatives of the country are not always positives. There are the cases when the Arab people are abused, or their rights are denied. For example, many Gulf countries continue making attempts to promote their freedoms of speech and the possibilities to share their thoughts and suggestions using various media sources (Duffy 2). There are many Arabs, who want to introduce their individual position in regards to different aspects of their lives and work. Still, the government, as well as other re
Abstract Ethics plays central roles of enhancing employees’ satisfaction in their jobs coupled with the inducement of a strong commitment to the organizations for which they work. In the current research, the role of ethics in enhancing satisfaction of employees and commitment to an organization in the hospitality industry is expected to be arrived at based on the information obtained from the hospitality industry in the U.S. By deploying questionnaires and online interviews to garner data, the research is expected to find out that hotels such as Ritz-Carton, four season’s group of hotels, millennium hotels, and W Hotels can magnificently benefit by deploying ethics in their operations. Introduction Employees constitute one of subtle human resources available to an organization that when well utilized can result to an immense success of an organization both in terms of expansion and profitability. One of the mechanisms of harnessing employees’ abilities is by orienting them to a common organizational behavior based on a common prescribed organizational code of ethics. In the context of this research proposal, ethics refers to standards of behaviors or conducts. It entails evaluating individual values, possession of knowledge on communal principles, and individual standards (Beran, 2009, p.987). It also entails the development of the capacity to make well-informed choices and the realization of the impacts of the choices made both in short-term and long-term basis. However, this noble role of ethics is impaired if the employees’ needs are not crafted to make sure that they are satisfied with their job besides remaining committed to the organization (Ghazzawi & Smith, 2009, p.301). In organizational settings, social responsibility amounts to one of the mechanism of enhancing the development of these concerns of business ethics in the hospitality industry. CSR encompasses having a sense of competence and control, acceptance of cultural diversities, and having plausible information about the purpose of engaging in socially benefitting activities and projects (Muijen, 2008, p.238). In this research proposal, the results indicate that embracement of concepts of business ethics in the American hospitality industry can result to enhancement of the industry’s performance based on employees’ satisfaction and commitment to organizational values. Consequently, it is hypothesized that the firms in the industry (Ritz-Carton and four season’s group of hotels, and millennium hotels and W Hotels) may experience an immense success through a prescription of common codes of work ethics, something that enhances an excellent public image of firms with the ultimate result of increased success of the organization in terms of profitability. In the attempt to prove or disapprove this hypothesis, a research is conducted on the role of ethics in contributing to organizational commitment and employees’ satisfaction in the American hospitality industry. The specific selected sub industry within the hospitality industry is hotels. These hotels are Ritz-Ca