ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Green Building is one of the main construction designs aims to increase efficiency of the resource use. Green Building, similar to other types of construction projects, depends upon and is influenced by successful operations management strategies and methods. Supply chain management is aimed to help Green Building organizations deliver services at the best possible and cost effective way. Customers and products are separated in time, space, and ownership. The conduct of human activities presupposes the availability of an appropriate assortment of goods and services. Channels of distribution bridge the separations and support our life style. The concert of service and product design involves environmentally friendly technologies and effective use of natural resources and materials. Green building is based on sustainable design and efficient use of water, solar and energy resources. Quality is the main priority of Green building industry. Service quality improvements are an almost natural outcome of attaining the time reductions and balance. To be sure, quality is not simply or solely a matter of putting parts together right or serving customers with speed, accuracy, and courtesy. Product design is important in the quality actually built into the product. Environmentally friendly products as conceived may be so severely flawed that the best of efforts at constructing value (through quality consciousness, thorough testing, and instant service) may fall far short of public expectations. An assertion often made (and rarely contested since it is difficult to verify or refute) is that eighty to ninety percent of quality is determined at the design stage (Chase and Jacobs 43). Process and capacity designs are based on sustainable development and low environmental impact of the construction processes. In a broad sense, process and capacity designs are composed of middlemen and facilitating agencies — wholesalers, retailers, financial institutions, and transportation agencies. To present a total point of view, green builders emphasize their selection and the description of their components. Resources are owned and allocated by a number of units. Objectives and expectations of units vary; and although interdependence of interests exists, there are also conflicts. The ideal relationship as seen by each member may shackle other members. In such instances, negotiation, bargaining, and requests for cooperation as well as power become tools of coordination (Chase and Jacobs 51). Location is a part of a green building strategy and green policies. It influences allocation of resources, design of the building an selection of materials and technologies. Location influences layout design and scheduling processes. Green building uses renewable plant materials, ecology blocks and recycled stone. But in some locations, it would be impossible to use these building blocks, so the company will have to select recycled metal or compressed earth blocks. Many channels just grow and become habitual and institutionalized. In the future they must be planned more effec
The current global market has led to increased competition among countries. Although business is an individual affair, governments play an integral role in ensuring that the business environments in their respective countries are conducive and encourage prosperity. Sadly, government participation has not been uniform throughout the world. Some governments have done more than others in ensuring economic freedom. This paper aims at identifying Singapore as one of the countries that have greatly improved the status of its people as a result of liberalized economic freedom. In definition, economic freedom is the aspect of every individual managing his or her labor and material possessions (Carter, 2007). Hence one becomes free to work, trade, use and invest in anything and anywhere you like having the protection of the state. In this, we get to find out that countries with free economies promote prosperity for their people. With that in mind, we need to find out how economic freedom is measured thereafter describing its variation and the effects on wealth among countries. Business freedom is the ability to start, operating and closing a business having in mind the necessary regulations put by the government. According to the Heritage Foundation (2002), a country with 100 represents the freest business environment and 0 representing a very harsh environment to do business. Hong Kong leads with 98.7 meaning there is freedom in doing business and so in terms of wealth, the citizens are well off. North Korea has 0 thus no freedom of doing business. For this reason, wealth in the freest countries is amassed by the citizens and those countries with restrictions subject citizens to adverse poverty (The Wall Street Journal, 2011). Trade freedom, on the other hand, is a measure of the unavailability of duty and non-duty impediment that manipulate imports and exports of goods and services. Trade freedom is founded on the standard measure of trade tax pace and the non-levied barricades. Considering these two factors, The Heritage Foundation (2002) notes that a country will have good trade freedom if it has a non-barrier tariff of 5 points, unlike the one that will have 20 points. This is so because the higher the non-tariff barrier the more it is difficult to do a trade or rather it impedes significantly international trade. Hong Kong has trade freedom of 90.0, unlike North Korea that has 0. This in terms of wealth implies that a country with greater trade freedom will enjoy doing business without restriction thereby gaining more wealth. On the other hand, the one with no trade freedom cannot access business internationally and so wealth is limited to them (The Wall Street Journal, 2011). Fiscal freedom is a measure of the tax load forced by the government on individual and corporate organizations’ income. From fiscal freedom, a hierarchy of issues is obtained. First, the highest levy pace on people followed by the highest tariff pace on the company’s capital then lastly the summit duty proceeds taken as a proportion of the GDP. If the first two factors a
The main performance objectives for the Hovis Crusty Loaf concept The main performance objectives include achieving low costs in a fierce price-sensitive market with low margins and dependability. Low production costs, with quality being critical, speed, flexibility, and continuous assessment of the production process are critical to adding new varieties of loaves into the production line. The product development process High-level strategic intent The product development process follows critical phases with high-level strategic intent, using effective communication organization-wise with strategic objectives, intent, and congruence of aims. Market analysis Hovis clearly understood market characteristics, language, customer needs, size, shape, segment, and demographics. Brand portfolio With focused stages A and B, when reviewing brand portfolio for each market sector. Further market analysis Comprehensive information about market style and dynamics by determines attractive for Hovis, feasible, and profitability in line with the aims and strategic objectives. Formation of the project team That was achieved by varying the composition of personnel with varying production and skill needs. Brainstorming Meetings were called to generate new ideas required for innovation. Technical Screening Here, ideas were analyzed for feasibility using technical and external experts. Technical innovation Here, practical solutions were integrated into parts with a focus on bespoke innovative processes. Management and Employee Involvement Here, regular meetings were addressed. Planning for the Launch A collaborative cross-functional effort using skilled expertise saw a successful launch of the Hovis brand. Summary The launch of Hovis bread was successful with rising demand inducing parallel processes to address the problem. What impact, if any, would the introduction of Hovis Crusty have had on the volume and variety characteristics of a British Bakeries operation? The impact is an increase in volumes and variety characteristics of the Hovis production process in brand extension bread variants. To minimize the impact because of the new varieties, a contingency integration strategy, staged rollout production process for six months addressed changing demand, with minimal changes to specifications with prioritized technology. That is in addition to using standard equipment.
Introduction In modern business environment, employees’ compensation stands out as an important component of every organization. The rationale is that it shapes other aspects of an organization including productivity and strategy. Compensation has the main aim of attracting and enhancing company’s ability to retain employees. A firm that retains employees through competitive compensation benefits from high productivity and increased job satisfaction among employees. Ioana & Raluca (2011) explicate that competitive compensation is important for organizations and subsequently, it constitutes the largest single cost for many companies in the world. Pamela (2012) articulates that there are many ways of compensating employees in both the private and public organizations although there is none that is generally practiced across the business environment. This research paper discusses the advantages of pay for performance as a way of motivating and retaining employees. In addition, it will explore theories that surround pay for performance as the best system of retaining and motivating employees. Pay for Performance and Theories discussed According to Edralin (2010), numerous theorists have proposed many arguments relating to pay for performance employees’ compensation method. Although there is no consensus on the theories, pay for performance has various organizational benefits. Ioana & Raluca (2011) say that pay for performance assists many organizations to achieve the goal of recruiting qualified employees who are interested in earning increased wages and salaries out of their hard work. The compensation policy allows employees who do not meet the set objectives to quit the organization voluntarily. The reason is that employees who fail to earn an extra income tend to search for other employment opportunities that have higher fixed salaries and wages. To that end, pay for performance helps organizations to retain and recruit highly qualified employees who are able to offer their skills for improved performance of the company (Edralin, 2010). Highly qualified and skilled employees are directly related to positive performance of an organization. They translate to increased productivity and revenues. In his study, Chen (2011) found that pay for performance method of compensating employees encourages group and team work in all organizations. Employees tend to cooperate with others for improved achievement of a specific goal if they stand to gain. Besides, Gruman & Saks (2011) assert that the method of compensation allows members of the staff to interact closely with their supervisors and managers. This allows employees to avoid mistakes and risks since they seek for advice from the entire team (Pamela, 2012). This way, managers are able to understand the progress of a specific project, which in turn leads to improved teamwork. Gruman
Automobile invention has continued to have profound effects in the world due to the fact that they have been owned by a large number of people, particularly in the U.S. This overreliance in automobile has generated environmental and health concerns, which trigger a number of global debates. Automobiles have a great environmental and lifestyle impact, an aspect that is attributed to the fossil fuel combustion (Wallace 138). The extent of automobiles pollutants differs and includes toxic exhaust emissions such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, VOCs as well as particulate matters. Besides, the evaporative emissions emanate from fuel vapors that are emitted to the atmosphere, having not been fully combusted. The vapor could be managed by properly capping the fuel tanks, avoidance of having the petrol overfilled or addressing any leakages. Automobiles also release smoke, which contains incompletely combusted byproducts that are toxic to the eyes and the respiratory system, thus detrimental to human health. This is however, dependent on the periods of exposure, age, the health status of an individual and the concentration of these fumes that one is exposed to. This paper shall address specific automobile pollutants in relation to causes and public health, to draft possible recommendations to the obstacles, in order to manage the problem. Causes of automobile Pollution Air pollution has long been associated with motor vehicles as they are operated, fueled, manufactured and even when they are disposed. Moreover, pollution occurs at the time of distributing and refining of the fuels. With urbanization, many people have owned vehicles that have continued to cause heavy traffics leading to increased pollution. The automobiles are related to primary as well as secondary pollution. Primary pollution occurs when there are direct emissions into the atmosphere while secondary pollution is incurred when there are chemical reactions for the emitted pollutants with the atmosphere itself. Specific Pollutants and Health Effects Particulate Matter The main motor vehicle pollutants include, particulate matter, which are particles containing metal and soot and make smog to become murky. The particles are so fine and pose as a great danger to human health, as they are inhaled to damage the respiratory system. Nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides as well as hydrocarbons are emitted together with the particles and therefore, are enhanced as secondary pollutants. Particulate matter contains particles close to a diameter of ten micrometers in the atmosphere. Larger particles contain smoke as well as soot that have been incompletely combusted especially from diesel. PM has bee
Introduction Over the years, there has been a considerable increase in academic interest regarding the relationship between prayer/spirituality and positive health outcomes among patients (Masters & Spielmans, 2007). One study investigating the use of prayers as a coping strategy for chronic health conditions found that cancer patients often rank religious activities, such as prayer, church attendance, and religious faith, as the most frequent coping response to their illness (Lavery & O’Hea, 2010). Another study demonstrated that relatives of sick patients use prayer and other aspects of religion as dominant coping resources in their life experience with sick members of the family (Plakas et al., 2011). However, despite these advances in research, very little knowledge about the ways in which prayers help patients to cope with their illness is discussing church members’ experiences with prayer as a coping strategy. Problem It is important to further explain the problem I will focus on and understand prayer and its’ connection to wellness. I will investigate whether the use of prayer by adult church members can result in an overall holistic sense of well being. When nurses encourage and incorporate prayer into the assessment process, patients will be more receptive to the hospital plan of care. I have chosen this topic because I believe that it is important for patients to have an additional non medical component to wellness. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the proposed quantitative research study is to investigate whether the use of prayer by church members 18 years and above, both male and female, can decrease painful experiences and result in an overall holistic sense of well-being for patients at the local church. Many people experience misfortune as a normal process of life and the intense pain experienced within can be difficult to bear. Available literature demonstrates that such misfortune “… can lead to significant psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety, as well as a decrease in overall quality of life” (Lavery & O’Hea, 2010, p. 55). The proposed project aims to explore the number of members who incorporate prayer into their lives as a strategy to decrease painful experiences. The resources used consist of the Internet and nursing journals. Background Study Prayer is the communication with a being considered more powerful with the belief in the existence of the being and with the aim of receiving a response (Head, 2004). In the field of healthcare particularly in nursing, patients and nurses use prayer to request for healing from the greater being (Benson et al., 2006). The idea of using prayer as a medical intervention has generated much attention in the medical field (Kutz, 2004). Studies have been done to verify the influence of prayer on recovery of patients (Head, 2004) though concrete evidence as to the effectiveness of prayer as an intervention has not been documented (Benson et al, 2006). Use of prayer as an intervention by nurses has been perceived differently by nursing leadership. In some cases, it is tak
Young athletes have a particular need for nutrition and rest. Even though their occupation and activity are similar to that of adult athletes, young athletes should receive food adequate to their individual needs. The needs of young athletes are because they are in a phase of active growth, and some of their body functions differ from those of adults. Therefore, nutrition and rest should ensure their optimal growth and development. This paper aims to discuss the topic of the importance of nutrition and rest in younger athletes. According to scientists, the main differences in nutrition and rest are due to gender, current maturity status, growth and maturation rates, physiological and metabolic capabilities, and sports and exercise needs (Hannon et al., 2019). These factors are interrelated, and nutritionists who design nutrition for young athletes need to understand the nature of this connection. In particular, young athletes spend more energy on movement, which requires additional replenishment of energy reserves through food (Hannon et al., 2019). Further, they experience a decrease in glycogen stores and a decrease in glycolytic capacity. Younger athletes rely more on exogenous carbohydrates, which should be consumed during moderate to high-load exercise. Finally, younger athletes have less thermoregulatory and perspiration capabilities, so they need to drink plenty of fluids during exercise. In general, scientists have identified the main areas in which young athletes should adhere to specific dietary recommendations. The main difference is that young athletes consume most of the nutrients and energy from food, and for them, the use of nutritional supplements is less effective. In particular, nutritionists should make sure that young athletes have sufficient energy availability since as their bodies grow, they need the energy to synthesize tissue (Hannon et al., 2019). The rapid depletion of glycogen leads to fatigue in endurance training, so young athletes should consume enough carbohydrates, which will allow them to recover more easily during periods of rest. Younger athletes should consume dietary fat (for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and as a food source) and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. It is recommended to take the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine to facilitate muscle protein synthesis (Hannon et al., 2019). Athletes also need to take in enough fiber, micronutrients, calcium and vitamin D, iron, and fluids. Scientists note that often young athletes and coaches demonstrate insufficient knowledge about nutrition. According to the results of a study in which 156 men and 156 women took part, 73% (± 9%) of athletes and 81% (± 9%) of coaches answered the questions about nutrition correctly (Heik
Introduction The importance of vision is huge indeed for the vast majority of people: the way of how people can see influences considerably human skills, abilities, intentions, and behaviour. In case a person is not able to observe the world around, it is hard to define the main priorities and interests because having good vision is considered to be overwhelming. During the last several decades, people get an access to use appropriate medical treatment and improve their health with the help of different surgeries. One of the most frequent and effective is regarded to be laser eye surgery, also known as laser vision correction, or LASIK (Jendritza, Knorz, & Morton 2007, p. 274). In many European countries as well as in the United States of America and some countries of South America, the professionals find it very important to contribute the sphere of laser vision correction and provide patients with a possibility to look at the world in a different way and see everything clearly. Leach et al. (2006) admit that “millions of patients have undergone refractive surgical correction over the last few decades… radical keratotomy (RK), photorefractive keratectomy (PPK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and lesser performed procedures such as LASEK (epilasik)” (p. 131). A variety of the existed surgeries to improve human vision is impressive indeed, and the outcomes of such activities have a number of positive impacts on human life. In this paper, much attention is paid to the psychological factors which are observed after laser vision correction and influence a person’s life. Improved lifestyle, re-evaluated quality of life, and constant intentions to get more from this life are considered to be the outcomes observed after laser vision correction procedures. People who undergo laser surgeries may gain confidence about what they are doing and thinking, change their mood, and become free from the duties they have to do day by day. From a pure psychological perspective, the impact of laser vision correction is important indeed: those people who lose their hope to see everything around clearly are provided with a chance to improve the quality of their lives, to get an access to various possibilities, and to prove that their achievements deserve attention and recognition. Very often positive outcomes from a psychological side are more important for people than those of medial perspective. The Reasons of why People Agree for Laser Vision Correction Nowadays a number of women and men are eager to try an eye surgery to make their dream come true and to abandon their glasses or contact lenses (Segal 1995). To understand the idea of psychological effects on a person’s life after the vision correction procedure, it is crucially important to underline the reasons which made a person accept an idea of such procedure, evaluate the expectations, and focus on both primary and secondary studies in order to identify what is already known in the field and what has to be discovered. In the chosen theme, there are many issues which are properly disclosed and evaluated; primary studies help to define the advantages of laser vi