ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The guidelines for assessing dietary intake are dependent on the objectives of the study. Generally, two approaches are used in studies of the status and prototype of food consumption and costs, nutritional satisfactoriness of diets in the relation between nutritional status and health, the authors add (Russell, 2001). Target group The target group consists of adolescent girls, a stage of growth known to impose special nutritional needs to those under it due to rapid growth and maturational changes associated with the onset of puberty (Wallace, 2004). According to nutritional surveys, adolescents have always failed to meet their age group’s dietary recommendations with inadequacies in dietary intake of calcium, iron, riboflavin, and vitamins A and C (Wallace, 2004). On the other hand, some adolescents have problems with dietary excesses and obesity. Nutritional requirements are usually greater for males than females, the reasons for these sex-based differences being the earlier maturation of females and considerably variability of puberty and nutrient requirements (Babette, 2001) Adolescent schooling girls, tend to skip meals, eat more meals outside their homes, and eat snacks, especially soda, candy, and diet or fast foods. Some develop strong food beliefs, adopt food fads, or become vegetarians (Gaskill, 2006). It is a complex exercise carrying out an anthropometric assessment of nutritional status during adolescent years, due to the influence of puberty on weight, height, body composition in adolescents. The stage, however, is important for careful monitoring of nutritional status because of the heightened risk of nutritional disorders (Gaskill, 2006). Assessment Methods Varying dietary assessment tools can be used on an individual; differences may be due to the timeframe used, methods of administration, assessment of the food eaten, and conversion into food components, each assessment method used differ according to the study’s immediate goals, underlying assumptions, and cognitive approaches to acquiring dietary intake information (Russell, 2001). Dietary records Principle In this technique, the participant is shown how to weigh and record the food and its weight immediately before eating and to weigh any leftovers. The method differs from the estimated records where subjects do not use a scale but keep records, in portion sizes, of all the foods they eat on one or more days (Russell, 2001). Practical I would develop a closed or open form to be used for recording food intake for three consecutive days; a closed-form, being a precoded list of all of the commonly eaten foods by the schoolgirls identified through random sampling from the school total girls’ population. The foods are grouped in units of specified portion size and by nutrient type (DeBruyne 2007). On the other hand, open forms are filled in with information about the foods eaten and are the most commonly used. I will proceed to train the subjects followed by a pretest
Implementation Plan In the past three years, scientists have shown a high interest in preventing pressure ulcers among patients with limited mobility. (1) Most researchers share the opinion that an organized approach to risk assessment and the use of the Braden scale significantly improves patient health indicators and reduces the risk of developing pressure ulcers. (2) The Braden scale was chosen because it meets the project objectives and is the most widely used, convenient, and effective tool for assessing the risks of developing pressure ulcers. In particular, using the Braden scale for patient assessment and nursing education is in line with the research goal to raise awareness among nurses about risk assessment. PDCS Quality Improvement Method For an ongoing evaluation of the implementation plan, the project team will use the PDCS tool: Establishing the Braden Scale Implementation Task Force Committee Establishing the Braden scale implementation Task Force Committee will occur after the first collective meeting with the nurses, who decided to participate in the project in the middle of April 2021. The Committee will consist of Nurses Managers, ICU, Medical and Surgical Units, Chronic Care Units, IT, and the Quality assurance department. Each member will have their role and responsibilities, and the project team observers will evaluate their efficiency. Based on these observations, Unit Pressure Ulcer champions will be chosen who will have extended duties determined by the role of the unit they represent. The project team will hold a meeting for health workers who have agreed to participate in the project, during which the researchers will talk about the need and objectives of the project and pr
The debate about the flaws of conformity and the banality of evil gained popularity after the end of the Second World War, which witnessed some of the most atrocious crimes in the history of mankind. The genocide of the Jewish people as well as various other populations by the Germans, who were considered some of the most polite, cultured, and well-educated nations on the planet, has brought forth the question of how could such evil and barbarism happen on such a large scale? The question regarding the root of evil has interested psychologists, sociologists, and philosophers for some time now. The modern understanding of evil has been shaped by theories of obedience and conformity supported by the iconic experiments of Milgram and Zimbardo, which suggest that evil draws from conformity, and that adherence to rules, laws, and social obligations has the potential of unwittingly pushing large groups of people towards committing acts of cruelty and brutality. However, mounting evidence suggests the inconclusiveness of these explanations. The arguments offered by Milgram, and, subsequently, Zimbardo, support the idea of the banality of evil. This corresponds with the results of their experiments, during which students proved to be capable and willing to deliver painful electric shocks to “test subjects,” or mistreat and brutalize prisoners they were tasked to guard. The first case tested the strengths of social ties, authority, and conformity, while the latter analyzed the strength of social labeling on how it motivated the actions of otherwise good and decent people. These theories gained popularity due to the empiric evidence they seemed to provide as well as the stunning results of the experiments. It is argued that have the results been different, the experiment itself would not have received the same amount of social resonance. However, not all contemporary scientists agree with the assessments of Milgram and Zimbardo. Haslam and Reicher argue that for evil to be conducted in an effective, efficient, and creative way, it requires leadership as well as willing commitment. To prove this point of view, they cite several experiments similar to those of Zimbardo, with the only difference being that no higher authority above the participants is present during the experiment. As a result, the tyrannical hierarchy was built not because of blind obedience and conformity to the role, but based on leadership and willing participation from the rest of the participants. Haslam and Reicher reject the notions of conformity and obedience as the main factors for large-scale tyranny, stating that “at root, the fundamental point is that tyranny does not flourish because perpetrators are helpless and ignorant of their actions. It flourishes because they actively identify with those who promote vicious acts as virtuous.” Upon reflecting on both articles provided for this debate, it seems to me that neither of the articles contains a wholesome explanation of how evil works. Milgram and Zimbardo see the root of evil in conformity and obedi
Introduction There are numerous art works that have been produced before and some of them are where art publications exist. The Sydney Opera house is an instance of where numerous art publications exist making it a place which is used for multiple purposes of performing arts by various artists in different settings. The Sydney Opera House is a masterpiece which can never be compared to another due to the way it stands out when compared to other Houses. In fact, according to Braithwaite, in the 20 th century, never has been an art publication of great beauty as the Sydney house of opera when he was giving Jørn Utzon the pricktzer price (2007). The Sydney opera house is located in Sydney, Australia. It has attracted numerous tourists who visit Australia yearly. The Sydney opera house has a parking station which is situated underground. The parking underground parking space was designed to host the numerous cars that visit the Sydney opera house (Drew, 1995). The field-Stakeholders and partners involved The key stakeholder of the Sydney Opera House was Jørn Utzon who was an architect from Danish. This is because he was the one who was involved in the design of the performing art centre. What actually assisted him in winning the competition which was global in 1957 was due to the way he visionalised the exterior of the building to appear. What particularly Jørn Utzon the architect from Danish was concentrated on was the design (Boyd, 1973). The time that would take to build the performing art centre and the total costs that were to be incurred would become none of his business. In the nearby future, Otzon did not realize that this would become a major problem. In finishing the design of the Sydney Opera House. It should be noted that the project of constructing the Sydney Opera House did not have a project manager but was actually a collaboration between the architect, Jørn Utzon and Ove Arup who was the person appointed as the one in charge of the engineering and the structure of the building (Clark & Pause, 1985). The other main stakeholder of the Sydney House of Opera was the government of New South Wales. This is because they were the main client. Joe Cahill, who was the labor premier, initiated the project under the authorization of the government of Australia (Fromonot, 2000). The client ap
Traditional project management theories used to be rather successful and effective decades ago. At that time, managing the triangular constraints of scope, time, and budget was enough to help companies implement changes to ongoing operations (Song, 2011). However, considering the fact that people and the global economy continued to become more integrated and concentrated on knowledge, this model became inadequate, and systemic project management was created to replace it. The purpose of this paper is to compare the two approaches and evaluate the newest one. To begin with, the two types of project management are useful in particular cases, and the necessity of a systemic approach is not due to the initial inefficiency of the first method but to the passage of time and various changes. Therefore, the significant difference between systemic and traditional project management is that the latter always deals with objective facts in a repeatable and mechanical way (Song, 2011). At the same time, in the systemic approach, the practitioner, the responsibilities, and the social environment are perceived as one integrated system, and each case is solved in a unique way (Song, 2011, p. 67). Precisely these relationships drive the success and health of all components and the ongoing changes. Further, another difference lies in the perception of facts and objectiveness. Compared to the traditional, systemic project management does not recognize these concepts and believes that change management is always biased by the ideas and assumptions of various human systems (Song, 2011, pp. 75-76). Overall, even though systemic project management can require more time and resources, it is necessary to recognize the value and effectiveness of this approach. Since it extends and adds to the traditional theories, and precisely because of its focus on people’s different perceptions, it is a rather promising method, and modern companies should choose it when planning and executing changes. Reference Song, Y. (2011). Systemic project management. Journal of Project, Program & Portfolio Management, 2 (1), 67-82. Web.
Abstract Information systems have become an integral part in the information sector. Various technological developments have made the sector to have considerable growth as they have made work easier for both private and public sectors, and therefore have received acceptance from both sectors. They have made the work of public managers easier and simple, especially concerning budget planning and other financial issues. This paper will examine the importance of information systems to public managers and pinpoint on the key issues in managing public information systems. It will also look at the characteristics of useful information. Introduction Computerized information systems have become just like a norm in the society today. They have changed the way activities are carried out in offices in that, there is reduction in paper work and more time, and energy is saved in a cost effective way. Though initial installation of these systems is expensive, the benefits thereafter are worth the investment. Public managers have largely benefited from these systems, though caution is needed before implementation of any single system. The quality and ability of an information system to serve the purpose for which it is designed should be assessed first. The public managers should also create an environment that will allow acceptance of the new system by other users and staff. This can be done by involving them directly or indirectly in development of the system. This paper will look at the importance of information systems to public managers and the characteristics of useful information. Importance of Information Systems to Public Managers Automatic information systems play a key role in improving productivity in the public sector. Development of small size personal computers, laptops and notebooks have been very influential in transforming manpower to automation thus saving on time, energy and resources in a more cost effective manner. They have been seen to solve or as the solution to the many problems in the public sector with regard to productivity. However, there is a significant difference between what the computers ought to do and what they actually accomplish in efforts to improve productivity 1 . Use of computers and computerized information systems helps managers in various ways. Primarily, managers have access to complete and accurate data in good time. After they obtain the data, the managers can then analyze the data in a systematic manner. The managers also have the advantage of controlling the information through security measures and they can access it directly. To gain a better insight of how computer based information systems are important to managers, it is important to understand how the managers use the information and this can be explained by styles used by managers namely: The Knowledge Executive and The Manager as
Introduction The world order is an essential phenomenon in international politics because it helps structure various affairs among states and avoid severe disputes. After World War II ended, the United States and the Soviet Union dealt with establishing the order as they were the most powerful nation. The collapse of the USSR in the 1990s strengthened the position of the USA in the whole world. However, the information above does not mean that the US is the hegemon having no influential competitors. At present, the rise of China is considered a great challenge for the existing world order. It refers to the fact that China’s aggressive domestic and foreign policies can make the USA respond sharply to them. This state of affairs is said to result in the second Cold War, this time between the United States and China. Thus, it is necessary to apply the concepts of liberalism and constructivism to understand the real reasons and probable consequences of the rise of China for the world. Theoretical Approaches Liberalism is a requested political approach that is applied by many developed states. This theory is based on such concepts as equality, freedom of speech, private property, and anti-war movements. According to Doyle, it is not a homogenous phenomenon since it is represented by liberal pacifism, liberal imperialism, and liberal internationalism, each of which has its own peculiarities. 1 On the one hand, liberal pacifism stipulates that countries are peaceful and do not initiate aggression of any kind. It is based on capitalism and democracy, which explains the unattractiveness of war for these states. Warfighting rarely happens to be beneficial, both economically and socially. On the other hand, liberal imperialism justifies and welcomes expansion. This expansion is said to be a response of a nation to the existence of other states with the same objectives. 2 In turn, liberal internationalism is the combination of the previous two. Thus, Ikenberry mentions that this theory makes states cooperate to achieve mutual goals. 3 However, Doyle argues that many liberal nations have fought wars with non-liberal ones because of the conflict of interest. 4 Thus, different kinds of liberalism represent various approaches to international politics. At the same time, constructivism represents a different political thought. This theory supposes that identities are of crucial importance in international politics since they help states realize their positions and relations in the world. 5 These identities help nations make decisions and expect appropriate actions from other countries. In addition to that, constructionists emphasize that both material and discursive power are required to be a fully-fledged member of international politics. 6 When everything is evident with the material strength, discursive one stands for the significance of knowledge and ideology. Finally, constructivism explains that both foreign and domestic social practices are principal for a state to sh
The main idea is to create a website, which focuses on fitness and gym-related activities, and it will be named Your Fit. The domain name is yourfit.com, and it will be registered via.com because it is the most popular and widely used for commercial purposes. Multiple domains will be registered, such as urfit.com and beyourfit.com, in order to have an alternative platform in case, the original website will be hacked and stolen. The website will gather client information with their consent because it will promote or sell certain fitness products. Ensuring safe data transfer is necessary on sites where confidential information is entered and transmitted, such as users’ personal data, access details, payment card details, – on any sites with authorization, interaction with payment systems, and email services. Encryption of such data will prevent their receipt and use by third parties. To implement data transfer via HTTPS, a special SSL certificate must be installed on the webserver that processes requests from clients (Palmer & Palmer, 2018). There are certificates protecting only one domain, and there are certificates that provide information protection on all subdomains, and this is Wildcard SSL. Encryption takes place in both directions – both the data received by the client and the data sent to the server. The presence of an SSL certificate is one of Google’s ranking factors, so the transition to the HTTPS protocol increases the position in Google’s search results. Although, at the moment, this factor is not fundamental, its influence on the search result may increase in the future. In order to keep the website viable, it needs to have certain features that are not affected by web trends. These include a unique and strong user interface, custom graphics, integrated video, and outstanding mobile design (Chakrabortty & Jose, 2018). All the given features will ensure that yourfit.com will stay relevant and viable for more than a year because most of the websites do not possess all of the mentioned features. Google Chrome has become the most popular browser, and it is used by 65% of Internet users. Second place in the global market is Mozilla Firefox because only 10.2% of the audience use it. The third is Internet Explorer, and its share is 8.4%. Among users of browsers on mobile devices, Google Chrome retains a leading position at 63%. Safari is inferior to it, where share exceeded 26%, and the QQ browser, which is preferred by 2.7% of the audience, ranks third (Campbell, 2017). Thus, it is clear that most of the users will be using the Google Chrome browser, which mean
Value Network Analysis Assumptions An analysis of the value network of Jordan’s medical tourism industry involved the following assumptions.  1. Jordan’s marketplace is characterized by among others, the value network of its medical tourism industry.  2. Stakeholders are the most important components covered in the network  3. The network focused its emphasis on the medical industry  4. Secondary data that was obtained from presentations, websites among others, and interviews formed as the information source for creating the network  5. Reports were generated through Value network analysis software available at www.valuenetworkanalysis.com Network Map Jordan’s medical value network map is illustrated in detail below (See Figure 9). Figure 9: Value network map for Jordan’s medical tourism industry. Note: Appendix C provides basic input data for Value Network Analysis. The three areas to which the roles are broadly classified include: Consumers Tourists in the medical industry Service Providers   * Hospitals for medical tourists   * The health tourism agents Enablers   * Privately working Associations   * The Government   * Legally accredited Firms   * Hotel services   * Airlines carriers and services   * Hospital catering for foreigners   * The Media The purpose of the above classification is to ease and enhance later explanations as the project progresses towards its end. Requirements may cause an interchange of roles such as like in the case of a private association may take the roles of a service provider to tourists in the medical industry by supplying hospital information, registering complaints, with some of the roles briefly explained below. Tourists in the medical industry: Financially underprivileged to access special medicine or elective surgery medical services in their country and aged 50 years plus, these tourists move out in search of cheaper but good quality healthcare elsewhere. Figure 10: Popular destinations illustrated by tourists’ movements.Hospitals for medical tourists: These hospitals are characterized by a safe patient environment, quality care and patient rehabilitation, privacy, and medical follow-ups among others in addition to its value-added services. JH has benchmarked procedures for providing these services in addition to the rooms that have been built with other integrated service provision capabilities for the medical tourist. Other government hospitals suffer from a lack of necessary resources and a strong market plan to acquire a wider medical tourist market. On the contrary, other private hospitals have incorporated risk management strategies to afford the best medical services to medical tourists. The health tourism agents (HTA): Carry value addition activities by interlinking other service providers such as the airline industry, insurance companies among others to create and add value to a medical tourism industry that meets the expectations of its customers. In addition to that, it is argued that the tourism industry lifts off the burden on hospitals that otherwise could not cope with the needs of these patients. Among the tourism agencies is Jordan