ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Immigration causes differences in language and lifestyle. Language barriers refer to challenges experienced when one tries to communicate with an individual or people who speak a different language. This phenomenon is common in areas where there is a conglomeration of people from diverse backgrounds like culture and nationality. The term is also used to refer to problems encountered by immigrants when learning a foreign language (Kim & Mattila, 2011). Due to these challenges, there have been efforts to eliminate or reduce the impact of these differences especially in international learning institutions. Differences in language cause difficulties in education and even social life and can be solved in many ways to become less problematic. Consequently, immigrants should be aware of language differences before moving, and this problem can be solved in a short period of time. Language differences cause a major barrier in communication. Under normal circumstances, communication can only take place if there is a common language to be used as a link between the communicating parties. It is quite common among immigrants, who find themselves in a foreign country, which uses a different language from his or her home language (Kim & Mattila, 2011). Because of this barrier, affected immigrants are prone to misunderstanding, since the information passed across cannot be accurately interpreted. What are some of these language differences? As an element of cultural identity, human language is diverse and unique. For instance, English speakers are likely to encounter communication problems when interacting with Frenchmen because of the disjoint nature of the languages being used. Besides language uniqueness, the difference in accent affects the attainment of effective communication. It is not surprising that some English-speaking students find the American accent to be a barrier to effective communication (Kim & Mattila, 2011). This problem arises from the fact that British English is more preferred by most international students and other immigrants. While this is the case, there are distinctive features, which define language accent. These include pronunciations, stress and intonations. For the case of these immigrants, the problem of accent is usually complicated because of the diverse nature of the American culture. This is to mean that people from certain regions within the country may not understand one another, and the problem worsens when a third party from a different country is included (Green, 2009). Another language difference that acts as a communication barrier is the presence of phrases and idioms. In the case of American English, communication involves the usage of an array of phrases and idioms, which carry meanings that are different from the literal meaning of the root words used (Green, 2009). This can be a major communication problem, especially when immigrants do not have exposure to the phrases and idioms, which are commonly used. Many would get confused and misunderstood because of these distinctive differences. Language structure also creates differences among wor
The Cold War dominated the world right from the 1940s up to around 1990s. During this period, various countries that were allied to either the United States or to the Soviet Union engaged in protracted battles or military aggressions with one another. Although the two powerful countries never really engaged in a large-scale fight, the military tension between them presented a potential threat of a global nuclear war. Each side was actively engaged in trying to acquire new allies, which they sought to subsidize with economic aid, especially in terms of military weaponry. However, the United States became stronger after the collapse of the Communist movement in 1960, following China’s withdrawal. Subsequently, the United States developed the “containment policy” that paralyzed and eventually collapsed the Soviet Union in 1991. This marked the onset of significant changes to the America’s Foreign Policy (Shambaugh & Yahuda, 2009). Counter-attack Strategy After 1991, the United States foreign policy of alliance-building was replaced with counter-attack strategy. As a result, the federal government significantly reduced its expenditure on foreign policy and Cold War defense. Instead, it focused on thwarting any military invasions that threatened global peace. For example, when Saddam Hussein carried out a surprise attack on Kuwait in 1991, the United States responded by forming a military alliance that successfully stopped the invasion. However, the alliance did not capture Saddam, leaving him free to cause trouble for much longer time. This military goof was attributed to lack of a clear vision for a foreign policy by the United States. Under President Clinton, the US, working under the United Nations, also successfully stopped ethnic wars in Yugoslavia. It was during this time that the United States focused on using diplomacy as opposed to war against its perceived enemies. Particularly, President Clinton’s administration developed closer ties with the Asia-Pacific region in a bid to stem out military tension. They sought to identify themselves with any country that had no intentions of pursuing nuclear weaponry and condemned those that did. According the Department of Defense, military intervention would only be necessary to stop countries from developing nuclear weapons, which were considered a great threat to the world
The Strategies and Principles Employed by the Apostle Paul as he Developed and Expanded the Church Across Cultural, Political, Economic, and Social Boundaries There are several strategies and principles that were employed by the Apostle Paul as he developed and expanded the church. These policies and strategies can be divided into cultural, political, economic and social boundaries. One strategy that Paul used was starting where his initial listeners were based. This ties to the social nature of his sermons. In Philippians 4-15, Paul states that when he started preaching, he was welcomed and supported by the Philippians (King James Bible, 2017). He states “Moreover, as you Philippians know, in the early days of your acquaintance with the gospel, when I set out from Macedonia, not one church shared with me in the matter of giving and receiving, except you only” in Philippians 4-15 (King James Bible, 2017). This statement shows the inclusive nature of the society. Additionally, the Apostle confirms that the Philippians also sent him gifts when he was visiting other regions, not just their societies. It can be argued that the strategy to start where his listeners were helped Paul spread the gospel better. He not only had support in the stated community but also in other areas he visited. Robbins (1996) argues that socio-rhetorical analysis often relies on the way text is used to communicate to people. In the social context, therefore, one can argue that Paul was appreciative to the Philippians. Not only were they his first audience but also the foundation of his work. Indeed, Paul tells the people in Philippi that he gives thanks to God every time he thinks about them and how the society included him when they did not even know him. One can use this premise to argue that God will always put people who will support his followers in their lives. Paul’s texts can also be deciphered using a cultural lens. It is important to note that Paul was a multi-cultured individual. He was a citizen of Rome and of Jewish descent. He also lived in Tarsus, which shaped his initial beliefs. The most obvious cultural reference is on circumcision and the rituals that accompanied the same. Paul in Philippians 3:4-16 states, “If someone else thinks they have reasons to put confidence in the flesh, I have more: 5 circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; in regard to the law, a Pharisee; 6 as for zeal, persecuting the church; as for righteousness based on the law, faultless,” (CSB Bibles by Holman, 2018). It has been debated that the fact that circumcision was done on the 8 th day was more in line with the Jewish culture than anything else. Further, it can be argued that Paul used the “all things to all” principle when it came to cultural boundaries. In Acts 15:6-19 Paul states that the Jerusalem Council concluded that Gentiles would not be subjected to the Old Testament rules in order to be saved (Min, 2018). This is significant due to the fact that culturally, law
The basis of North Korea’s nuclear program The United States should not interfere with North Korea’s nuclear weapon research and development in any way. North Korea is justified to explore into the nuclear weaponry due to its past experiences. Given the early partnership between the U.S and South Korea on International capital, this ended up hindering the growth and development of this nation. Hence, North Korea as a nation figure that it had a powerful nation for an enemy and just as any other nation went ahead to establish security strategies ( Thiroux, 2009, p.3). In addition to this, North Korea until 1991 was a communist country. Thus with the fall of the Berlin wall, this particular nation could not produce enough goods for its own people. Therefore, a good majority of the supplies were imported from the neighboring countries: from agricultural inputs to manufactured goods. This clearly drained the economy and therefore the just like any other nation that would do anything for its economic survival, so did North Korea through investing in nuclear weaponry (Nikisch, 2002, p. 8) In addition to this, North Korea hasn’t had much to be proud of as a nation. Be it its history or resources. Therefore, the development of the nuclear weaponry does not necessarily mean that they are preparing for war. It is probably the sense of innovation that is driving them. At least with the supply of nuclear gas, the nation has been able to manufacture this weaponry. This has also made the nation very popular as its relations with the United States gets sour day out. Therefore, it is probably going against the rules that the nation can gather enough attention. Therefore, the United States has no business dictating what North Korea should do otherwise there would be no improvements on the already sour relations. The U.S- North Korean relations The U.S has always wanted to be the only world super power given that it also has some of the most sophisticated weapons. Therefore, this clearly illustrates that it will definitely stand at nothing to foresee that no nation surpasses it. ( Thiroux, 2009, p. 1).They have therefore done this by claiming that North Korea is preparing itself to go to war, which is most certainly not true. However, this powerful nation has been able to brainwash all other nations for support in stopping the development of these weaponry. Some political scholars have also mentioned that North Korea could be preparing itself for the third world war. These are probably the American based scholars who for sure do not understand why North Korea is doing what it is currently doing in terms of technological advancement. Surely, North Korea could be doing this with the sole aim of quenching their thirst for knowledge and innovation. So clearly the United States assumes that it is the only nation that should to do this worldwide. The human rights concern
The use of research data and statistical information in business is one of the key aspects of informed decision-making and analysis. Using statistics can be a viable way to ensure that one’s actions are backed by real-world data and particular trends, which helps guide specific professional outcomes (Calvello, 2020). However, it is also important to note that statistics are often confusing, and using them correctly can present a challenge to many individuals. The question, then, centers on the proper ways of utilizing statistical information in research, as well as determining its validity for any given cause. This process should be informed by analytical decision-making and critical thinking. Statistical data regarding a particular trend in society must be applicable to a business in terms of its scope and location. A smaller trend in another country shown by statistics, for example, may be irrelevant to use for a major company that works internationally. It is crucial to find information and facts that are more similar to the scope of work of one’s organization. Additionally, the tools that authors of statistics use must be seen with utmost scrutiny. While some types of data can be useful for professional decision-making, an individual must ensure that the present data is obtained in a legitimate and correct way. An incorrect statistical conclusion may prevent businesses from making profitable or right decisions. It should also be said that business analysts should always strive not to make hasty decisions. In some cases, the data presented, such as a downward trend or a rising course, can be misleading, which in turn also results in bad decisions. As a way of combatting that, businesses must work to understand the underlying causes behind statistics, and not only use the numbers they see on a graph. Reference Calvello, M. (2020). Statistical analysis: A better way to make business decisions . Learn Hub. Web.
Introduction The discourse analyzed in this paper was created by Muneera Qahtani, an immigrant student, who comments on the issue from the perspective of her own experience. The problems of immigration, following acculturation and the related legal issues, particularly, the failure of the immigration reform of 2013, are rendered in the discourse. Although the discourse in question represents the opinion of only one person and, therefore, might be deemed as lacking objectivity, the ability of the author to integrate several points of view into her analysis of the problem, as well as the incorporation of the politeness strategies into the argument, makes the discourse very compelling and trustworthy, therefore, prompting the incorporation of the democratic tools into the implementation of the immigration related concerns. The Analysis As far as the genre is concerned, the text in question can be regarded as a mixture between an explanation and a two-sided argument. A closer look at the key characteristics of the discourse in question will reveal that the text incorporates the key elements of an explanation. Specifically, the fact that the author sheds a lot of light on the subject of immigration, providing detailed descriptions of how the life of an immigrant factors in the American reality, should be mentioned (par. 4). Moreover, the author provides a rather short, yet very concise definition of the reasons for someone to immigrate into another country, USA in the specified case, by stating that insurmountable difficulties usually predispose the necessity to immigrate (par. 1–2). However, the author goes beyond simply explaining the mechanism behind the social acceptance of immigrants – or, to be more exact, the lack thereof – and opens a discussion of the subject matter. Specifically, the author mentions that living in one’s country of origin is not only natural, but also socially acceptable, whereas immigration is a product of one’s incapability to handle complex problems (par. 24–25). Therefore, the presupposition, which the author sets, can be defined as the lack of clarity around the immigration issue. As a result, the significance of the problem resolution, as well as the representation of the immigrant issue, is in the foreground, whereas the role of the average citizens in the problem in question is in the background. In addition, the author makes it obvious that the problem of immigration must be solved so that people could be able to live in the state that they were born in. At the same time, the author acknowledges the difficulties related to the proce
BMW car design process BMW designers regard their job as a very creative process. They believe in the significance that beauty and style have for modern people, and they attempt to create automobiles that can provide unforgettable moments and inspiration for their customers. They think that their works “are not just the end of the creative process, but the beginning. The beginning of adventures and memories… The beginning of passion, dedication, love. The beginning of an emotional experience”. Concept generation The car design process in BMW begins with a pencil, a piece of paper, and a designer’s inspiration. Even though modern technologies are used in the process of BMW design, the designers insist on first expressing the idea in real life, because they believe that the spontaneity of sketching is more suitable for a creative process like this one. In their opinion, it is easier to express feelings and to give a concept its life with the help of a real pencil. One of the most important parameters for designers is high-quality aesthetics. Screening Every concept of a BMW car is first expressed in a two-dimensional view. Computer programs are used in the process to make sure that all the dimensions are perfect. This allows the designers to verify and control all the lines the sketch consists of along with the three dimensions created by them. The result of the screening is the descriptions of these lines, the information that will be further used in the process of modeling. Preliminary design The preliminary design is carried out in two dimensions with the help of sketches and computer programs. Interior design research processes are performed simultaneously with the creation of the sketch. According to BMW designers, the most important detail of an interior design is the materials chosen. They are supposed to suit the part of the car they are used for and match each other. Apart from that, they must be agreeable to the touch since people are going to interact with these materials. Finally, much consideration is given to the aesthetic value of the materials. Evaluation and improvement The material that is used to create a model in three dimensions is clay. BMW designers believe that it is perfect for modeling since the amount of material can be easily changed, the lines can be replaced, revised, perfected. The craftsmanship is crucial for this stage of development, which often includes modifying and improving the original design of the car. Although the designers use computer programs for the process in order to verify that every line is in the right place, they believe that the main way of bringing perfection into the design is through their own hands and the clay. Prototyping and final design According to the designers, clay “is exactly the material that can bring perfection to our design”. When every surface is modeled with the help of clay, the perfection the designers strive for is achieved and they are certain that the resulting car design is final, silver foil is applied on top of it in order to check how the car looks when painted. It also allows the designers to see how the
Introduction Financial services organizations are among the fast growing industries. Competition is so high in this industry forcing organization to be aggressive in meeting customer needs without comprising quality and profitability. Creating appropriate delivery channels, sound selling strategies, and building viable market relations are some of the important strategies t5he organizations should adopt to ensure they remain competitive. The following is a discussion of how these organizations can deliver quality services, boost their sales and profitability while meeting customer needs in an efficient and effective manner. Delivery Channels A delivery channel refers to mechanism used by organizations to reach the consumers. Financial services organizations need to identify customer needs and then design the right channel to use in order to reach their customers in an efficient and effective way. In addition, the financial sector can use either face-to-face channels or remote channels. Face to face channels These include branch networks, personal services, and third party agencies. Branch networks refer to a situation where a financial organization sets up physical premises where the customers can be served; personal services requires that a representative from the organization arranges to meet the customer either by booking an appointment or via cold visit; while third party agencies refers to use of agents such as insurance brokers,. Remote channels Remote channels include multimedia, telephone, and paper, whereby, multimedia incorporates use of the internet, websites, ATMS, television, as well as mobile sms. In addition, telephone is about having call centers from which, customers can make calls or called and these centers can be used to conduct telesales or provide customer support among other functions; and paper channel involves use of brochures and catalogues. Factors to consider in evaluating a delivery channel It would be unrealistic for a firm to take on a distribution channel without evaluating how it will affect the business. The following factors must be put into consideration: cost of the channel, expected outcome i.e. how effective will it be in satisfying the customers while minimizing costs, effect of new technology, channels used by competitors as well as the nature of the product. (Havaldar and Cavale 12-2) and Proper evaluation of delivery channel gives the company a chance to cut down on costs such as opening of a new branch where internet can be used to serve the same purpose, save on staff costs while maximizing on profits and ensuring customer needs are taken care of. Under normal circumstances, conflicts are inevitable hence, it is important to manage channel conflicts. All channel members should work closely towards some common goals and objectives having clearly stated roles and responsibilities. Impact of technology on delivery channels The impact of n