ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Case Summary Suka Jual Sdn Bhd sells sewing machines on both cash terms and on hire-purchase. Tina, a fashion designer student at Good College bought a new sewing machine from Suka Jual Sdn Bhd on hire purchase. However, after she had signed the document and paid RM200 as deposit, Tina did not get any document from Suka Jual Sdn Bhd as the sales person told her that the hire purchase agreement will be posted to her. Upon reaching home, Tina used the new machine to sew a new silk shirt for her college’s project. However, instead of sewing the pieces of silk cloth together, the sewing machine merely made holes in the cloth. Returning the sewing machine and claiming back the deposit A hire purchase agreement is defined under Section 2(1) of the Hire-Purchase Act, 1967. According to the mentioned section, hire purchase means that goods are given to the party that is hiring, who is given an option to purchase them. The payment of the goods is made in installments. The title passes to the party that is hiring when they exercise the option to purchase. However, any agreement that suggests that property in the form of goods is to pass upon delivery is considered unlawful. Secondly, an agreement whereby the person who is letting out the goods deals with the same class of goods is considered unlawful. The First Schedule to the Hire Purchase Act gives the classes of goods that can lawfully form part of the hire purchase agreement. All consumer goods and types of vehicles are mainly go
Executive Summary This marketing plan relates to Shunji Matsuo Hair Studio which operates in Singapore. The plan details the various strategies that the firm will incorporate in its effort to develop a level of competitiveness. A comprehensive internal and external evaluation of the firm’s business environment is illustrated. This has been achieved by integrating various models which include the Porters five forces, the SWOT model, and the Pestle analysis. The plan also evaluates the firm’s microenvironment by evaluating the competitive environment. A comprehensive customer analysis is also undertaken with specific reference to the firm’s customers and the services provided. The plan also analyzes the pricing and promotional strategies that the firm has incorporated. Moreover, the plan details how the firm undertakes market research in an effort to develop a comprehensive understanding of the prevailing business environment. To improve the firm’s competitiveness, the report evaluates a number of strategies that Shunji Matsuo’s management team should consider in its strategic management processes. This has been achieved by analysing the 7P of marketing mix. Company’s corporate and marketing objectives Shunji Matsuo Hair Studio is a private limited company that operates in the beauty and wellness industry. The firm is owned by Mr. Shunji Matsuo, a renowned Japanese hairstylist and is equipped with modern hair technology. In an effort to maximise its sales revenue, the firm has adopted the concept of internationalisation. Some of the Asian countries that the firm has entered include Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines and Singapore. In Singapore, the firm has established a branch that is located at 391 Orchard Road, Ngee Ann City in Singapore 1 . Ongoing objectives The beauty industry in Singapore is characterised by intense competition. Despite this, Shunji Matsuo management team is focused towards maximising the firm’s level of profitability. According to the marketing manager, the firm intends to achieve this by offering its customers unique salon services that are aligned with the customers’ personal and lifestyle tastes and preferences. Furthermore, the firm intends to add value to customers’ life by enabling them attain their beauty potential. To achieve this, the firm is committed towards providing its customers with beautiful hairstyles that bring out the customers personality. As a result, customers who patronise the salon attain value for their money. Short term-term objectives Shunji Matsuo intends to achieve a number of short-term objectives. First, the firm intends to increase its sales revenue with a margin of 40% within the next one year. This will enhance the firm’s ability to attain market leadership within the Singaporean beauty indus
1787 was marked as an important period in the history of the United States. It was a very important and essential event for the Americans. The U.S. Constitutional Convention was about the political problems of the United States and the revision of the Articles of Confederation. It was a meeting to correct and improve the already existing laws. The participants of the Convention decided to establish a new document, called the Constitution of USA. Connecticut Compromise is one of the substantive compromises at the Constitutional Convention (Bowen, 1966, p. 3). Initially, Virginia delegation was reckoned to be the most successful at the Constitutional Convention but its proportional representation in the highest legislative authority was not satisfied with a sparsely populated state standing for the equal representation according to the plan of New Jersey. The representatives from the Connecticut state, Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth, suggested a compromise (Bowen, 1966, p. 5). Since the highest legislative body, the Congress, consisted of two chambers, the first one, The House of Representatives, had to be presented by each state in the proportion to population. The second chamber, the Senate, presented two representatives from each state. However, the delegates were in a hurry to get a new government established (Roche, 1961, p. 815). The Compromise was adopted after long debates. The Sherman’s proposal was included in the final draft of the Constitution, but still with minor changes. The modified form of this compromise became a part of the Constitution because it was not acceptable for large states, according to Benjamin Franklin. Some requirements were added to the draft: George Mason insisted on the Bill of Rights to be included, Edmund Randolph claimed that the system of checks and balances was still undeveloped and Elbridzh Gerry also insisted on the Bill of Rights and criticized the overly strong executive power(Bowen, 1966, p. 14). The opponents’ discussions resulted in the compromise and the project of Constitution was sent to Congress. According to Census Bureau data, the 2010 Census reported 308.7 million people in the United States, a 9.7 percent increase from the Census 2000 population of 281.4 million according to geographic levels such as regions, counties, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, etc (Mackum, Wilson, 2011, p.1). The population of smaller states greatly increased. This statistic can be compared to the census data of 1787, the time when some of the small states of the United States could not even be presented at the convent but the majority agreed the census of that year to be included into the legislation. It means that the adopted legislation worked out in the positive direction and that it was suitable and accessible enough both for small and large states of America. In the book Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America by Webb, it is described how it
Introduction The control of inflation and circulation of money within a nation must be handled with due diligence and care to prevent deterioration of the economy. In such dwellings, the European Central Bank (ECB) is evaluating the benefits and failures that may arise prior to the launch of quantitative easing. Quantitative easing is a strategic creation of electronic money through unconventional policies in a bid to purchase assets (Krishnamurthy & Jorgensen 2011). This strategy increases the spending of the private sector and returns the inflation to an acceptable position. This paper evaluates the use of the quantitative easing with its effects and purpose. Goals and Intended Effects Quantitative easing is applied when maintaining the inflation of a nation at a target and stable state. The purchase of bonds from the commercial banks and other private institutions allows increased lending which leads to improved supply of money. The presence and availability of money available to the people improve the conditions of business and boost the economic state of the nation. However, this strategy may lead to undesired outcomes when the estimation for the easing is not precise. It may happen if the money used to buy assets is excessive. It may also affect demand in cases where the lending institutions are not willing to avail money to the lenders. On the other hand, pressure of inflation associated to the QE money may rise if the central bank is not stringent to react on curbing it. Economic growth should be the determinant of the money circulating in a nation. The increment of the funds isolated for lending should be controlled through the interest rates. However, the government cannot target the direct interest rates from the managements of banks. Instead, it controls the rates to discourage or encourage leading from the banks. Furthermore, the increased supply of money within a nation lowers the value of a nation’s currency. This aspect implies that imports are made at a higher cost whereas exports are done at a lower price since the value of the national currency has depreciated. The decrease of the rates in lending money to the private sectors and households allows money to circulate at a fast rate. Although this strategic approach is productive and reliable in the entire globe, it is unpredictable since surplus of money may drag while inflation increase. Essentially, inflation affects the value of pensions and savings since the money does not retain its worth. However, assets are not affected since they can be sold in accordance to their values. This aspect leads to increment of the income where wealth is not balanced within the economic boundaries. This unequal distribution triggers a system where distribution of wealth is unequal. Economic Risks There are many reasons to doubt the efficiency of quantitative easing in the euro area. Unlike the America QE strategy which reduces the cost of corporate borrowing to elevate the economic state, the credit of euro area is provided by banks instead of the markets. Technically, QE may introduce stronger bon
It was proposed to research female offenders’ rates of recidivism since this issue remains unresolved because studies focus predominantly on males offenders (Greiner, Law, & Brown, 2015). The choice of the general approach has fallen on qualitative design because it offers a researcher with information regarding the key stakeholders of the study, such as women offenders and their probation/parole officers. A qualitative approach is suitable for the proposed research will be appropriate for examining data that is associated with personal views of participants rather than analyzing a societal trend that can be measured quantitatively. Furthermore, since it is proposed to use surveys, questionnaires, and interviews conducted with study participants, the data acquired from collection methods will require a qualitative analysis. However, preliminary data for the research can be collected through a quantitative method because the scholar will need quantitative data regarding the female recidivism rate from providing background for the research. That said, it could be stated that a mixed research method will be used in the entire study. The proposed research can employ systematic sampling because this method will be much more effective in reducing the sampling error. After calculating the most suitable sample size for the research, every N th (N will be chosen randomly) participant will be selected from the list of population members. The list of potential participants will be retrieved from state or federal databases of former female offenders since this information may widely available to the general public. Systematic sampling is quite simple and will save the researchers a lot of time. Furthermore, this sampling method will be appropriate for information retrieved from databases (“Survey sampling methods,” 2014). However, it is important to note that if systematic sampling is ineffective and many participants refuse to be involved in the research, snowball sampling can be used as a “backup” method. Snowball sampling implies asking the selected members of the population to refer to other possible participants and so. Even though this method does not eliminate bias in research, it can be convenient for the researcher that needs to find participants that will be comfortable with discussing such sensitive topics as recidivism. Lastly, data collection tools for the research on female recidivism will include interviews, questionnaires, and surveys with former female offenders. Such collection tools will yield qualitative data regarding participants’ perceptions of their past experiences or plans for the future (Harris & Brown, 2010). It will be effective to conduct anonymous surveys and questionnaires to facilitate honest responses from participants, especially when the subject of the prison environment is involved. Moreover, study participants will be asked questions regarding the inappropriate behavior of their probation/parole officers, keeping their res
Triumph of the Will, describing the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg, is a propaganda film of the highest caliber that was produced by the golden girl of the German film industry, Leni Riefenstahl. The propaganda in the film is its portrayal of the rebirth of Germany to its ancient heroism. The documentary falsely depicted that Germany was to achieve that through the efforts of one man, Adolf Hitler, the savior of his people. In order to blend such reality with such propaganda, without compromise, the filmmakers designed the distinctive cinema. And, they ensured that the cinema is able to revolutionize “real life” while actually documenting the actual happenings. Ultimately, they intended to produce a grand and ultimate illusion of the Nazi regime. This definition paper explains the characteristics of the film. The film is structured in a straightforward way to make it easy for the audience to follow. Its events take place in a perfectly chronological order. It commences with Adolf’s coming in Nuremberg, proceeding through the demonstrations, rallies, and the rhetorics in the exact sequence they took place. Lastly, it culminates with Fuhrer’s final address to the people. Riefenstahl did not add any other thing to the happenings. She only included some musical background. Notably, she incorporated all the events in the film except for other minute details for the reasons of economy. All through the film, innovative techniques of the use of music and cinematography is evident as the producer used various cinema devices to make the film. Some of these devices include efficient camera set-ups, editing, and dissolution of the subject matter. The use of these devices made the filmmakers to depict various themes to the audience. The incorporation of various images in the film, such as antique structures, the sky, and fire, illustrate the key theme in the movie, which is to depict that Hitler had arrived from the sky to emancipate the German people by means of a dynamic and new movement that would change the course of history forever. The producer’s selection of the right motifs to reiterate and emphasize is greatly fostered through the staged nature of the happenings. It is important to note that the majority of these motifs were intentionally envisioned to function “live.” In fact, the antique buildings constructed to accommodate the assembly are evocative of the movies produced in the 1920s. Nonetheless, the producer’s accurate cinematic representation of them establishes yet another dimension. This dimension was to cleanse all sorts of “worldliness” that had not been completely eliminated while maintaining the appearance of “reality” in the film. The revolutionary use of camera set-ups in the film generates two important effects. These are disorientation a
Introduction The impact of religions on the world throughout history is undeniable, it can be seen how different religions include in their teachings all of the life aspects and affect them in a way or another. Religions have always created a stronghold on their believers by deep belief, fear, or nationalism that they become a tool for political intrigues or global conflicts. In this article, the main theme is Japan’s Shinto religion. This subject is going to cover the definition and the origins of Shintoism. The connection between the Shinto religion and the nationalism in Japan and how this affected the way Japan behaved in World War II. This topic will also include the main ideologies of the Shinto and its radical movement. At last, the fate of Shintoism in the post-war period is going to be discussed along with the way it has been changed in modern Japanese life. Main body Shinto is the traditional religion of Japan which involves worship of Kami – a Japanese word that refers to spirits within objects. The Kami worship is the main element of the practical definition of the Shinto along with shrine rituals that were indicated back in ancient times. Shintoism is viewed as the presence of the gods in every object in nature such as a stone or a tree. Shinto is not a system or a set of specific rules, and in a religious context, it is a religion that rose naturally within the historical progress of independent culture, in opposite to ‘founded religions’, which were based on the rules and laws of their historical founders. These founded religions often are viewed as world religions, because their impact was wide across its founder’s countries to reach a global role. On the other hand, Shinto as a religion is specifically linked to a single nation of Japan and did not have the purpose of spreading its teachings outside of the country or to popularize it around the globe. There were always difficulties in following Shinto through history as a separate religion for it was always influenced by other religious traditions. “The influence of the religions of China has been prominent since ancient times, and among them, the religion that left the most profound impact was Chinese Buddhism. Even if we were to use the term ‘Early Shinto’ to refer to some archaic prototype of Shinto, we would find that such a distant ancestor of Shinto would already have been transformed in important ways by Chinese forms of Buddhism. In addition, other continental traditions such as Confucianism, Taoism, and theories about Yin and Yang and the Five Phases of matter (wood, fire, earth, metal, and water) left their imprint in ideas about, and practices around, the kami from an early date.” (Satoshi, Jun, and Mizue 2). With the presence of Buddhism and its fast adoption in the country, ther
Those who study crime and delinquency also define crime. The definition of crime was greatly expanded when criminologists began asking people to report their own illegal or improper behaviour. It was found that in some of the early self-report studies, like Noyers and Yun, conduct that is illegal acts were as common in teens as in adults. Here the teens are considered as adults and judicial system is recommended to act accordingly. In some self-report studies conduct was defined as delinquent even when it was so common than almost everyone could be classified as delinquent. At the other extreme, criminologists have classified some conduct as criminal that does not violate existing law. These writers believe that all forms of economic exploitation, racial discrimination, or creation of unsafe or unhealthy work environments are harmful and should be made criminal. Because they define such conduct as criminal, they argue that crime is evenly distributed across class levels or that it is linked to upper class status. Under such conditions it is only logical to consider criminal justice system as a homogeneous authority that would not discriminate between an adult and a teenager as a juvenile and treat them only on the basis of the crime committed. Thus, a teenager should always be treated as an adult and not as a juvenile as being a teen is old enough to understand the difference between right and wrong. Secondly, there are several problems and complexities associated with the mode that tries adults and teenagers differ
Ruth Handler, the founder of Barbie Doll, presented a concept that portrayed the young American woman as one who is exemplary perfect, sexy, good-figured and adventurous among other desirable characters. This concept stood out in his dolls. Since the 1959 launching, Barbie Doll’s history reflects significant changes in women’s roles. The history has had notable impacts on women around the globe especially in the roles they undertake. For instance, there is a total transformation of the modern woman in terms of beauty, following her evident efforts to look gorgeous as well as leading the best life she can by studying careers associated with modesty (Plumb 2005, 45). The psychology behind the invention of the doll has contributed to the change of perceptions of many women on their roles and capabilities. It has acted as a motivator and a role model in the transformation process, as most of them engage in activities, which make them outstanding whenever in a crowd of their conservative counterparts. They have changed their traditional mindset believed or rather associated with their roles. The history too has influenced the sexual roles of girls’ generations. Following the debut, the sexual roles of young generations of girls have continued to drift away from those of the past. For instance, before 1959, women performed certain tasks like being homemakers, preparing food and ensuring the overall provision of care to children, a trend that has persistently continued to change. Nowadays, young generations of girls are venturing into good careers fields like engineering, medicine, initially treated as fields of the male. Therefore, the roles of the girls are gradually changing with many of them driving fancy sport cars, and having their own money and good enough becoming self-reliant rather than dependent as before. The changes have largely influenced family dynamics. Evident transformations are occurring quickly with the old folks still wondering where the world is heading. While some people have welcomed the changes, others are fighting the wave. Some of the changes that have affected the family dynamics are the modes of dressing that many women have adopted following the influence of the doll. For instance, women nowadays have reached the verge in terms of dressing and as the trend goes, they are soon walking naked. This leaves them with alluring body figures that have stirred debates and harsh exchanges from different parties on whether the step respects human values. As a result, many families have broken up because of the shaming styles of women dressing and their lifestyle in general. The split of Barbie and ken is an indicator of what the future holds for marriages. The split is an apparent signal of how the doll has a negative influence to the lifestyle and behavior of women. It clearly reveals what is about to happen in future. Predictions present a demoralizing future, as women will try every kind of things solely to show off, a case that will mark the dawn of conflicts with t