ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The human society has developed throughout centuries, and it is possible to trace some characteristic features of certain periods. For example, feudalism was a peculiarity of the Middle Ages while absolutism prevailed up to the 19 th century (Held, 1995). Nationalism was a peculiar feature of the 19 th century, which led to numerous wars and the development of new states (Held, 1995). The modern era also has its characteristics. It is possible to note that the main pillars of modernity are globalization, violence, and law. The film In a Better World (2010) can be regarded as an illustration of the three pillars mentioned above as these points are central. Globalization is often seen as one of the major peculiarities of modernity. At that, it is necessary to note that people have always moved from one state to another, but the pace of this process was almost insignificant compared to the 20 th century (Giddens, 1996). Globalization is depicted in the film in question in a number of ways. First, Anton is a European doctor working in Sudan (Bier, 2010). More so, it seems that there is nothing special about it as people are already accustomed to commuting between the two countries. The view that distances are irrelevant is one of the major signs of real globalization. A new pupil from a different country cannot be a surprise in any country. It is necessary to note that globalization is a positive change as it helps humanity evolve. People may share knowledge and help each other to build a truly global human society where major values reign. Thus, a European doctor helps African people while Africans also provide various lessons to learn. Another pillar of modernity is violence. It has many forms and facets. The pillar of violence or resistance to violence also drives humanity to new achievements or some changes. It is necessary to note that there can be different words for this, but violence is an inevitable part of people’s life. For instance, Giddens (1996) states that militarism has been one of the most important features of human society. The researcher focuses on the concept of global violence. In western countries, it can be traced to school in the form of bullying. In the movie, Elias is a victim who learns how to resist bullies (Bier, 2010). Violence is also present in such forms as the criminal activity as well as conflicts between states. When it comes to African countries, violence takes the form of the conflict between different groups. It is clear that violence caus
Introduction Nearly each one of us eats to live and there is no doubt that most of us enjoy eating. However, recent studies have established that nearly 1 in 20 young children below the age of 5 years and almost 1 in 25 adults are allergic to at least one type of food. There have also been studies indicating that food allergy, and especially allergy to peanuts, is on the increase. According to a 2010 report by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), this has led a large number of people to create more awareness on food allergy, thus making it a topic of rising public concern. Indeed, when a person in a family is allergic to any food, the whole family is involved. In such a situation, the family lives in constant anxiety that a loved one may consume a food that could result into a serious allergic reaction, which is commonly known as anaphylaxis (NIAD, 2010). The purpose of this research paper is to create a survey about food allergies in the UAE with the aim of establishing the seriousness of the situation within the region. The paper will also seek to examine the economic impact of food allergies and investigate whether the UAE region offers allergic consumers alternative products for their needs. Statement of the Problem In UAE, a federal public health law is on the making and government agencies hope that it will prevent people from losing their lives from food allergies. Although the law is supposed to reduce the number of fatalities resulting from food allergies, it will definitely not diminish all death cases in the region. The change in food-packaging laws is a welcome move for thousands of UAE residents who suffer from one or multiple food allergies. In UAE, there are already laws in place that demand warning labels about possible food allergens. The labeling guidelines formulated four years ago require all possible allergens to be clearly indicated on the food packaging. Despite these legislations, many foods still do not contain the required cautions and this has led to numerous hospitalizations over the past several years. The passing of new legislations will be a welcome move to majority of allergic patients who want to buy allergen free products but face numerous challenges due to the current lax food labeling laws. The blame for this does not entirely lie on food producers since most UAE residents do not know what the food regulation entails (World Health Organization, 2002). Since there is very little information on the issue of food allergy in the UAE, this paper undertakes to review the matter with a view of making conclusions that will be beneficial to both patients and various stakeholders in this field. Significance of the St
Abstract The report discussed social media marketing in the context of a charity organization working with vulnerable groups, regionally or globally. The focus was on the different media platforms such as Twitter Facebook, RSS Feeds, and YouTube integrated in an organization’s homepage. The purpose was to explore ways in which a charity organization can develop and be engaged in social media marketing to raise awareness and communicate with clients. The theoretical research largely informed the recommendations suggested for the social media marketing. It identified cross-media cooperation as essential in online marketing for a charity organization. Introduction Social networking, otherwise referred to as social media, is a new trend. It involves engaging customers by using web-based tools. Nora Ganim and Mattson (2008, p. 56) define social media as the Internet-based applications that facilitate the sharing of information among people in diverse locations. Thus, social media primarily entails networking; networking in a way that establishes trust among parties resulting to evolution of online communities. The common websites that allow users to interact online and share views, information, and opinions include sites such as YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace among others. Social media employ crowds to disseminate information in a collaborative way. It can take various forms of web-based applications such as weblogs, pictorial, Internet forums, and wikis, each centred on a specified aspect including online networking. It uses highly accessible techniques to facilitate interactive communication among users. Social media marketing encompasses the use of social networks, online communities, blogs, wikis, and others to disseminate information and enhance social interaction. Currently, social media, previously used for social cause, come in handy for organizational cause, where corporations seek to interact with their customers through the online platforms. However, the explosion of the social networking phenomenon and the high pace at which it is expanding presents a challenge to corporations seeking to integrate social media into their advertising strategies. Trust is fundamental to social networking and by extension, social media marketing. Social media can enhance free communication, accountability, and transparency among consumers and the organization. In this regard, corporations, realizing the potential of social media marketing, have developed innovations and technological solutions to power their social media advertising. For charity organizations, social media present two benefits; increased fund generation from well-wishers and reduction of costs through the identification of the needy and deserving cases (Cross, Parker, & Borgatti 2002, p. 48). It can enable an organization to re
Introduction Different countries have varied etiquettes that everyone is expected to abide by. Violating these etiquettes may at times be seen as ignorance or undermining people’s beliefs ands cultures. This may result in one having a sour relationship with natives or even face a lot of resentment. It is with this respect that all managers ought to have a clear knowledge of country etiquette (Robbins & Coulter, 2008, p. 243). This is to help them ensure that they do not come into collision with people’s beliefs and cultures which may compromise the performance of an organization. This paper aims at considering the Australian and Chinese etiquettes, comparing them and giving insight on how they may be of help to managers. Australian etiquettes There is a common belief among the Australian that all people ought to be in the same level within an organization. The idea of a master and a slave in the organization is not generally reflected. For managers who are seen to dictate on Australians on things to do, they are faced with stiff opposition. This leads to them having a poor relationship with their subordinates. Rather than dictating on issues, one is expected to support his argument and give others an opportunity also to present their ideas (Admin Secret, 2010, Para. 1-4). The natives give high value to social and class equality. This goes to an extent that they rebuke the act of occupying a back seat in a taxi. It shows that one is more superior compared to the taxi driver. Chinese etiquette Most of the Chinese etiquettes are based on numerous puzzles and sayings within the country. For instance, they believe that by striking an iron bar severally, you can change it to the size of a needle. This is the puzzle that makes the Chinese become patient and determined in achieving their goals no matter the circumstances. For one to be accepted in the Chinese organizations’, he or she has to be perceived as one working in the country for the extensive haul. This costs determination and commitment. A cordial relationship in China asks for trust between the parties. This takes time and calls for patience. Chinese have different attributions towards colors and a manager ought to have clear information on these colors. Red color in the country reflects richness and success if it is accompanied in services or products (Admin Secret, 2010, Para. 2-4). The Chinese attributes the black and white colors to bad omen. These colors are used in funerals and ought to be avoided in organizations. Yellow and golden colors are other colors associated with power and success. There are other beliefs within the country that need to be obeyed for one not to be in conflict with the Chinese. For example, managers have to ensure that chicken heads placed on their benches always face towards them. People believe that whenever the head is placed facing another person, that person will be send packing from the organization (Admin Secret, 2010, Para. 5-7). Chinese also have different attributes with numbers where number eight is associated with luck while number four is associated with failure. Comparison of the etiquettes From both countries, it is evident th
Introduction Thailand is a country located in south East Asia and is commonly referred to as the kingdom of Thailand and has been popular for having had the most reigns in the entire world. Economic analysis entails the study of supply and demand especially where natural resources are concerned due to their scarcity that is in most cases surpassed by the human beings demand and chances of overexploitation are high. It can also be termed as the strategic approach that is taken to evaluate the most favorable ways of using the scarce resources for maximum satisfaction and productivity. It involves looking at the various aspects that affect the economy of a given country and how the different resources are utilized and distributed. Factors such as population and its distribution, the natural resources and their distribution and exploitation, development projects among others are put into consideration when evaluating a specific country’s economic analysis. This paper gives an in depth discussion on Thailand’s Economic analysis by looking into the different aspects associated with the country’s economy with much emphasis being given to the population, the economic statistics and activities, the minerals and other resources available, the mode of transportation and the infrastructure present, the communication systems that are utilized and the general working conditions that are present in the country. Population Thailand is a big country in terms of physical size and it is ranked as the 50th largest country in the world. It has a surface area of approximately 513,000 km2. The population that occupies the area is relatively large amounting to approximately 64 million people. The population is composed of different ethnic groups for instance 75% of the total population is of Thai origin, 14 % constitutes those of the Chinese origin and 3% is made up of people of Malay origin. The remaining 8% is made up of the minority groups that are in the country for instance the Khmers, the Mons among others. Migration is an aspect of concern in Thailand and it ought to be considered when it comes to population issue in the country. Thailand’s population also consists of some migrants who are either legally or illegally in the country and constitute to
Introduction Employee motivation is considered as one of the factors that enhance organisational performance. Motivation is the process of satisfying the inherent needs of employees. Without employee motivation, it is hard for an organisation to achieve its goals. Employees should have the knowledge, skills, and capabilities critical in realising organisational goals. Nevertheless, they need to have the will and desire to work towards realising the organisational goals. According to Lee-Ross (2002), the level of employee motivation depends on their willingness and commitment to organisational goals. From the Google case study, it is evident that financial rewards do not act as the main sources of employee motivation. The non-financial motivators are the main factors driving employees into committing themselves to a company. Organisations come up with varied reward systems to attract and retain competent employees. Some of the systems include incentive systems, base pay systems, and indirect compensation (Griffin & Moorhead, 2009). One of the biggest mistakes that most institutions do is to undermine the role played by non-financial motivators in attracting and retaining qualified employees. Employees’ psychological and emotional wellbeing are two entities that determine if they will remain in an organisation or not. These entities are not met through financial rewards. One of the factors that make most of the employees wish to work with Google Company is that the company offers an environment that promotes employee growth and development. Besides, the company has a flexible rewarding system that allows employees to receive rewards based on their needs. Consequently, they feel that the company is conscious of their emotional and psychological needs. Literature review Herzberg came up with the Two-Factor theory of motivation as an attempt to identify the main factors that contribute to employee motivation. He classified the employee needs under two groups, viz. motivators or satisfiers and dissatisfiers. According to Herzberg, some factors contribute to employee motivation while others inhibit employee motivation and have little influence on productive job attitudes. He referred to these factors as hygiene factors meaning that they are environmental and thus preventative. In his study, Herzberg realised that certain factors tend to be continuously associated with job satisfaction. Inherent factors like recognition, achievement, responsibility, the job itself, growth, and advancement tend to be associated with employee motivation and job satisfaction (Nel et al., 2001). Herzberg posited that whenever employees wer
Article Content The article aims to answer two questions: how does the country of origin effect influence the transfer of HRM practices to the foreign subsidiaries of a multinational corporation, and how does the country of management effect interacts with the previous effect during the transfer process? The authors examine the research of the country of origin perspective and provide various quotations and findings from researches that apply to the paper’s aim. One of the key variables in the transfer of practices is the institutional distance, the difference in the country’s institutional profile between the country of origin and the country of operation. The national culture of the host country is also believed to be one of the influences on HRM transfer. Moreover, the literature examined by the authors provides another factor of influence, i.e. the macro-power relations between countries that cause the so-called “dominance effect.” The authors use two theoretical frameworks to explain actors’ interests and how these interests can influence the transfer of HRM strategies in multinational corporations (MNC). The micropolitical perspective is used by the actors to defend or progress their interests. For example, when a demand that actors find unreasonable is expressed to them, they can refer to the parent country’s institutional arrangements. The social capital possessed by actors also influences the transfer of HRM practices. The shared common language between the subsidiary and the MNC headquarters allows the subsidiary to receive information and obtain insights from other organizations. Thus, state the authors, country of management effects can counteract country of origin effects. However, not much research has been done to examine the relations between these two effects. The focus of the Paper As there is not enough research about the correlation of the effects, the authors aim to investigate the issue exploring how the country of origin effects change the transfer of HRM from host to subsidiary countries. The authors note that the initial purpose of the paper is to investigate how these effects interact and affect the transfer of HRM practices. The authors use a multiple case study method to collect data for a five-year period. The data gathered by the authors is qualitative as it was provided from the interviews conducted with various employees and managers. The participants of the interviews were from different levels and obtained different positions in the case study companies. The transferred strategies that the authors examined were linked to four Taiwanese MNC and their subsidiaries in the UK. As the subsidiary companies had stated, they had problems with adopting the practices that the parent country transferred to them. Moreover, Taiwanese companies seemed to have no real plan of international HRM strategies that could be provided to the subsidiari
Lois Lowry’s novel, The Giver , is an exemplary story that leaves readers contemplating how they would relate with the characters in a practical setting. Lowry creates and builds his characters through encounters that readers find easy to relate to. I developed a strong attachment to Jonas from the first encounter when Lowry introduced him as a brave boy who would seldom fear anything. Given a chance to choose a friend among the characters, I would go for Jonas because of his impressive concern for society. I share several traits with Jonas, which could help us easily get along. I seldom hesitate to express my frustrations with social ills and injustices, which is an important shared attribute with Jonas, much as he appeared unconcerned at first. His perceived view of the world is informed by the nature of his society and family. He has to cope with a community life defined by strict rules, precise language, and the authority’s use of loudspeakers to exercise power over the people (Lowry, 1993). As a child, Jonas can only adapt to his society’s way of life, despite his awareness that it was founded on hypocrisy. He learns from an early age that people have given up their freedom and individuality, a revelation that subjects him to inner conflict as he comes of age. Having a friend with an interest in social welfare could have made it easier to push for necessary changes. Unfortunately, finding a perfect match to work with is seldom guaranteed. Jonas feels frustrated that people are reluctant and unresponsive to his desperate call for change from sameness (Lowry, 1993). As a result, he opts to flee with the little Gabriel after realizing that his people would never give up sameness, a decision that required great courage and boldness. In overview, I would have wished to befriend Jonas and help him strategize on how to approach the issue of social change in a better and more efficient way. For instance, cooperation with supportive people would be a major milestone in the right direction. Indisputably, Jonas would not have given up or fled from the community if he h
Crisis and conflict characterize the film “Do The Right Thing”. However, explicit racial divisions and tones that the characters who belong to different races in the film bring out the motive in this crisis. Spike lee intends to bring out the notion that human beings are different and unique in their own ways and there is little human beings can do to hide from that fact. It brings out the notion that, differences between people are the source of all prejudice, stereotyping, and intolerance. Amid all the chaos, Spike Lee seeks to show that there are some voices of reason through the character of Da Mayor. That, human beings have a choice to live positively and all the ills that the community in the film embodies can easily be avoided by only doing the right thing. The community in the film has intertwined interests that apparently make it difficult to do the right thing, be it for personal or communal benefit. From the onset