ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Thesis statement When it comes to discussing what prompts people to behave in one way or another, it is crucially important to understand that, in order for them to be able to effectively interact with the surrounding environment; they must act as socially integrated beings. This is the reason why, as sociologists and psychologists are well aware of, it is in the very nature of the representatives of Homo Sapiens species to seek the affiliation with mind-likes. By being the part of a group, consisted of people who share the same set of existential values, a particular individual is able to increase its chances to advance in life. Nevertheless, it is namely the specifics of people’s genetic constitution, which define the qualitative subtleties of their longing to become the part of a collective. In my paper, I will explore the validity of this statement at length, in regards to the documentaries People like us: Social class in America (Cnam2000, 2009) and The Devil’s playground (Lasrever, 2008). Analytical part The foremost idea that is being promoted throughout the video People like us: social class in America is that, despite its adherence to the principle of a social egalitarianism, American society continues to remain strongly stratified along the lines of class. American citizens that belong to the upper class are the ones able to enjoy their lives to the fullest, while being in charge of designing this country’s domestic and foreign policies. On the other hand, those citizens that happened to be affiliated with lower social classes, do not merely experience a hard time, while trying to attain a societal prominence, but very often suffer from malnutrition. Nevertheless, even though that the film’s creators deliberately withdrew from advocating their personal point of view, as to what causes Americans to remain socially stratified, People like us: Social class in America does contain a number of insights, as what should be considered the dialectical preconditions for people to strive to emphasize their affiliation with a particular social class. These insights can be outlined as follows: a) There is a very little rationale in referring to the phenomenon of class-stratification within the American society, as solely the consequence of the national wealth being unequally distributed among the country’s citizens . For example, there is a memorable scene in the documentary, where a sloppy dressed man with a beer-can in his hands, expounds on how proud he is to belong to the ‘redneck nation’. After having been asked whether he would consider changing his lifestyle of a ‘redneck’, if he was able to afford it, the interviewed person provided a negative response. b) One’s financial riches do not automatically allow the concerned individual to become the part of a ‘high society’ . As it appears from the video, the representatives of social elites apply a great effort into guarding their societal privileges, to which they are being entitled by the very fact of their belonging to the country’s ‘top class’. This is being reflec
Proposal Summary Civil aviation is one of the strategic means of transport vital for the stable functioning of the modern globalized world. It provides individuals with an opportunity to reach various destination areas in short terms and with high levels of safety. This contributes to better global cooperation and intercourse. The sphere enjoys the phase of its fast evolution, transformation, and growth. Airports serve as vital hubs connecting different parts of the globe and enhancing cooperation at different levels (Cusick, Cortes and Rodrigues, 2017). However, the continuously increasing significance of aviation introduces the increased sophistication and new safety and security concerns. Nowadays, airports are extremely complex units with multiple departments and systems needed to ensure the safety of flight, passengers, crew members, and specialists. Effective cooperation between all teams and groups is a key to excellence and the attainment of existing goals. However, the sophistication of tasks combined with the stably high terrorist threat introduce additional demands to the work of protection systems (Chakib, 2018). The strategic importance mentioned above means that the civil aviation sphere becomes the target of potential attacks to spread panic and havoc (EASA, 2020). For this reason, agencies and airlines focus on improving existing security frameworks and protecting critically important strategic areas. Ramp safety is one of the most significant concerns for modern civil aviation. The airport apron, or flight line, is where aircraft are placed, unloaded, loaded, refueled, maintained, or examined (Benny, 2016). It involves multiple operations and activities, such as the movement of planes, vehicles, equipment, people, and specialists (Chakib, 2018). Moreover, contractors and workers of other organizations, such as police and fire staff, and engineers (ICAO, 2017). Because of these factors, workers and ramp operations might face a broad array of safety concerns and hazards (Ferguson and Nelson, 2013). Moreover, there is also a chance of being attacked by different radical groups. Under these conditions, there is a need for effective safety management systems (SMS) regulating the work of ramps. The proposed research focuses on the problem of airport ramp safety as the critical factor influencing airports. Considering the complexity of operations performed in the area and its fundamental role, it is vital to establish a strategic approach and implement effective SMS leading to reduced risks, increased safety, and better work of the area. The UAE is selected as the background for the research as it is one of the fast-evolving nations with powerful airlines such as Emirates, one of the leaders in civil aviation focusing on security and safety of its operations. The study delves into components of the effective and practical SMS and their integration into the work of an airport to ensure
Introduction The economy is a complex intertwined system consisting of many parts that work collectively to produce output. Principles of economics are wide and diverse. They help in explaining the complexities associated with the economic system, besides providing crucial indicators for economic direction and wellbeing. Though these principles change with economic dynamism, their basic meanings are static and understanding them is crucial to understanding economics phenomena. Taking the above into account, this discussion will briefly highlight on some of the major economic concepts, to aid in increased understanding of the discipline. These concepts include economic growth, unemployment, hyperinflation, deficit vs debt, exchange rate and great depression and great recession. Economic growth Economic growth refers to the increasing of an economy’s capability to sufficiently meet a particular population’s needs in terms of goods and services (Wessels 98). Economists normally measure economic growth by determining the increase in productivity as reflected in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) normally, economic growth leads to a drop in costs of economic indicators such as labor, capital and materials. Additionally, increased demand for goods and services and growth in the average income of the population indicates economic growth. The graph below shows how different countries compare in GDP growth rates. Source: International Monetary Fund In the recent past, Asia and Africa have been experiencing phenomenal economic growth rates. Besides the Asian tiger economies, China has posted consistent high growth rates effectively making it the biggest economy in the world behind only the US. Though the Asian Tigers are doing well, China is doing better in terms of economic growth. For instance, the GDP of China rose by 2.3% in the third quarter of 2011 on a seasonally adjusted quarter on quarter basis as the graph below illustrates. China’s GDP expansion in 2011. Source Tradingeconomics.com Due to the rapid growth, estimates put China’s economic worth at slightly over $10 trillion compared with that of Hong Kong at slightly over $2 trillion. One of the most important economic growth indicators is employment. The employment rate shows the number of eligible people in the labour force being absorbed into the job market. Unemployment Unemployment or joblessness on the other hand refers to a situation where people are without jobs after actively engaging in job search within a specified time (McConnell et al 235). Unemployment rate measures unemployment through division of the number of unemployed people by the entire labour force. High unemployment rates have for a long time been synonymous with developing countries. However, the global financial crisis has led to loss of jobs in developed nations raising the unemployment rates to unprecedented highs. The Table below illustrates un
Introduction Many researchers have conducted studies about Mi’kmaq people in Cape Breton (Nova Scotia). Mi’kmaq people were the first to inhabit some parts of England, Canada and Peninsula. As a result, the inhabited region was known as Mi’kma’kik. Mi’kma’kik has a population of approximately sixty thousand people. Majority of the people speak a language known as Mi’kmaq. Initially, the language was written in hieroglyphic writing but currently it is written using the Latin alphabet. Researchers have not researched in details about the way of life of Mi’kmaq people. This paper examines the history of Mi’kmaq people and the evolution of their political, social and cultural life. The history Mi’kma’kik had seven districts each with a chief as the head and a council (Magocsi 304). The members of the council were village and community elders. The districts include Kespukwitk, Sikepnékatik, Eskíkewaq, Unamákik, Piktuk aqq Epekwitk, Sikniktewaq, and Kespékewaq. Apart from the district council, there was a grand council, which consisted of captain, elders, women council and the grand chief. The purpose of the ground council was to assess the needs of the Mi’kmaq people and come up with possible solutions. At around 1610, the ruling grand chief by the name Membertou, converted to catholic and form
Abstract This paper aims at describing the usage of fashionable designs that are environmentally friendly. In another word the paper aims at giving the outcomes of growing certain fibers specifically for fabric making, designing, and marketing not forgetting the social-economic factors that are hygienic and friendly to the environment. In this case, fibers are plants that need to be treated during processing; designing and they too require the usage of herbicides, fertilizers, and other chemicals that are hazardous to the environment at large. But the level of effect to the environment can be reduced when environmental-friendly herbs are used. In textile industries, man-made fibers are used because they are cheap to manufacture, but the fact that chemically produced polyesters are non-environmental friendly. This is because these fibers are non-biodegradable and pose major threats to the environment, people, and animals. The invention of organic cotton has allowed the continued use of fabrics to design various fashions of clothes. Introduction In every situation, there are the benefits and purposes of growing specific fibers to win the market of various designs. Therefore, various fibers have been grown to meet the target and other fibers are being worked for in research for better and environmentally friendly fibers that sell quickly and easier to design (Julia Engelhard, 1996). In recent research, various fibers have been proved to be environmentally friendly. They include organic cotton, animal wools, hemp, soy silk, and bamboo among others. The above-mentioned fibers have got their merits and demerits toward the environment but they are the best so far because they are environmental-friendly (D. Mackenzie, Louise Moss, 2004). It is not a normal thing to find a fiber that has got no side effects on the environment because these are plants with their pests and they too require to be protected. Secondly, the fiber has to be processed using chemicals and other agents to attain the best fashionable design, again this is unavoidable especially when a strong and healthy plant has to be obtained. In short, chemicals such as potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and other herbicides must be used to get a good yield. Aims To evaluate fibers that lead to those designs and fashions which are friendly to the environment? Substatement One Does the growth of those fibers have an impact on the environment? Substatement Two Does the processing method interfere with the intended design and what is the side effect to the environment? Executive Discussion According to the journal on Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 115, Number 9, 2007, the growth of fibers highly interferes with the environment. It has been discovered that man-made fibers together with other fibers such as synthetic cotton lead to environmental degradation as various designs and
It is widely believed nowadays that Africa is the cradle of humankind. Many thousand years ago Homo sapiens developed there and started to migrate to other lands and continents. However, when it comes to the matter of human civilization, the popular idea is that Europe was the place where it originated. For many centuries, the White population dominated science and culture, which helped to strengthen this viewpoint while perceiving Africa as the land of barbaric tribes. Nevertheless, modern anthropology offers another theory, which claims that black people used to have a developed civilization for centuries before the appearance of other races. This paper focuses on the work by Cheikh Anta Diop, who uses paleontological findings to support the Afrocentric idea that the Negroid race culturally dominated during the ancient times, which puts into great question some historical facts offered in books. Paleontological Evidence One of the ways to study ancient communities is to analyze the remains of their culture. In the first chapter of his book, Dr. Diop begins the discussion by claiming that the migration of black people can be confirmed by the traces of African Upper Paleolithic art across various countries (11). Thus, similar cave carvings were found in Libya, Egypt, Ethiopia, and other territories. All of them belong to the Upper Paleolithic period, which makes them the oldest type of art. Another important point made in the chapter is that the first European was a Black human who had migrated from Africa. Dr. Diop mentions the Grimaldi man found during one of the archaeological works in Italy (13). It was not until 40000 years ago that racial differentiation began among people. Until then, Europe was inhabited by black people, who carried the African culture. Moreover, the same ethnic group moved to other parts of the world, including Asia as far as Siberia. This theory is proved by the numerous findings of human remains found on those territories. More specifically, the skulls found across Europe and Asia were identified as belonging to Negroid people of the discussed period. As the climate changed and the boundaries of habitable land moved, there occurred a mutation in genes of some human groups, beginning the process of racial differentiation. Dr. Diop mentions that “the first White appeared only around 20000 years ago” (15), known today as the Cro-Magnon. It most likely happened due to the cold conditions that people had to survive in Europe. The Yellow race, according to Dr. Diop, appeared five thousand years later, with the Chancelade Man being
The first unconventional form of art I have selected for my presentation is a manmade Christmas tree made of used CDs (image 7 in the list of top ten crazy Christmas trees). It was designed by an artist Tom Deininger and displayed at the Chelsea Market in NYC in 2010. I must admit that the idea of creating this three-dimensional work of art from recycled materials was not only original, but also a rather successful one. This huge tree became a decoration of NYC. It was necessary to come close to this work of art to see what materials were used by the artist. Due to the specific qualities of CDs and their ability to reflect light and display the different colors of the spectrum, this work of art creates a visual illusion. At first glance, it is hard to say what colors and materials are used in this amazing construction. The lines used by the artist are obscure, but the shape of the work of art resembles a conventional form of a Christmas tree. In my opinion, the main message conveyed by the artist in this Christmas tree is his call to conserve the natural resources and not to use them for people’s entertainment. Another symbolic meaning of the tree composed of used CDs is the technological progress in the era of information technologies. It is notable that all of the CDs used for construction of this unconventional work o art were used and obviously contained certain units of information on them. When I imagine all kinds of music, films and photos which might have been recorded on these CDs, I see this Christmas tree as an information web (Inhabitat, 2011). Finally, this manmade Christmas tree clearly demonstrates that these are people who are responsible for Christmas miracles. Cos
Despite its long history, existential psychotherapy has remained on the fringes of mainstream practice. This is unfortunate because the therapy could be useful in a society that, some argue, is becoming more existentially minded. One reason for its limited acceptance is that the literature to date has tended to be quite convoluted, and the existential psychotherapists’ ideas heterogeneous. Another reason for its limited acceptance is the dearth of empirical validation studies. Again, I think the lack of clear definition and cohesiveness makes it difficult to evaluate the therapy quantitatively (Cooper, 2003). The type of existential psychotherapy to be developed revolves around the issue of purposelessness. The concept is more tangible and amenable to quantitative evaluation than other existential foci (e.g. scales are available to evaluate purpose in life). As a result, it is more feasible to develop this existential domain into a manualized model that can be rigorously evaluated. One argument against focusing on purpose-centered existential psychotherapy is that historically it has tended to impose value judgments on its clients. Purpose-centered existential psychotherapists may, for example, suggest to clients that there is one ultimate meaning or that only certain types of “higher” activities are legitimate sources of purpose. Experiential therapy seems to be relatively free of the common problems associated with differences between the client and the therapist. These include such dimensions as gender, age, body size, skin color, physical state, sexual preferences, religious beliefs, and cultural background. “Physical state” may include health conditions such as paraplegia, being blind, being in a wheelchair, or having cancer. (Mahrer, 1997) The Existential Psychotherapy theory is most appropriately narrated as a “movement wanting to know to the best level probable the survival of the patient in the world in which he lives, moves, and experiences” (May, R. 1983). According to May, the purpose of this approach is to understand human existence, not a system of “how-to” (p.43) and his objective “to understand the life history of a patient as modifications if his being-in-the-world, not as the idiosyncratic pathology of specific theory” (May, R. 1983, p.40, 151). The ability of the therapist to be aware and knowledgeable to incorporate the right elements of the patient’s ethnic and cultural background will improve therapeutic results and will make possible a more appropriate intervention strategy that will match with the patient’s cultural values. But it does not matter how our therapy
A family formation with respect to its composition comprises of a complete or nuclear family, childless couple formation and lone parent formation. A complete family is composed of two companions who could be cohabiting or living as spouses with at least one youngster. It is also described as the traditional family and the most basic institution in child care. Here, women have a major role of managing house chores. Childless couples have an option of either living together as spouses or just cohabit. These two family forms consist of partners who make decisions on crucial family matters. In modern times, there are instances where the partners belong to the same sex or homosexuals. On the other hand, a lone parent family formation basically has one parent either a father or a mother having one or more youngsters. With the rising cases of divorce and the declining fertility rates, lone parenthood is on the rise. Women are considered the most critical players in raising children and maintaining these families. Family forms have changed especially due to the dynamics in the women’s workforce which renders them independent and hence, they opt to be single parents. The shift in the role of women from a homemaker to a wage earner has contributed to raising socially exclusive and emotionally detached children in the society since they spend less time with their children (Golombok, 2000). A child requires the presence of both parents for his or her wellbeing. When such lacks, there arise inadequacies in the family. A complete family consisting of both parents and their children allows for diversity in exchange of ideas and in sharing social roles. It offers a nurturing surrounding in upbringing the children since there is more emotional reinforcement and more economic stability. It is the ideal family setup to raise children to become socially responsible adults. Children could rely on both parents for moral guidance which helps to reinforce the social values. Moreover, this family formation aids in extensively building a child’s knowledge and skills learnt from each parent. There is a shared responsibility of raising the children as well as mutual support which is emulated by the children. This not only raises socially attached children but also ones who are emotionally fit to be accommodated comfortably in the society. Childless couples’ family formation involves partners’ choice or their inability to have children. In most cases, couples always desire to raise children together but this might not be so due to major reasons such as infertility. Those who lack children by individual choice reflect selfishness which is not a norm in the children oriented world. However, there are advantages to this family formation. First, the couple may be having