ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Feminism has continued to promote equal rights for both men and women. This has encompassed employment settings. In fact, it now seeks to achieve equality in home settings. The article explores the validity of a claim by most women that they opt out of work to raise children by choice. However, this has not been possible because of obstacles from workplaces and homes. Additionally, some women have claimed that opting out of jobs happen out of choice. This paper will consider Stone and Hirshman’s arguments on the above issue. It will also perform a critical analysis of the article (Blair-Loy, 2003). Strengths and weaknesses associated with the Pro side of the issue Points on opting out of work by choice include the fact that qualified women shy away from elite jobs although they are qualified. This is quite true considering that most women focus on caring for their children once they amass adequate funds to make their loved ones happy. This is proved by Hirshman whose statistics show that most elite women with adequate resources tend to opt out of jobs and stay at home with their children. Caring for children by choice gives women the fulfillment of caregiving. Additionally, it ensures that they are not pressurized to perform family duties. The mere fact that such women major in liberal arts and evade focus on power and money is an essential attribute to their choice of staying home. In essence, they focus on fulfilling family tasks, which forms their priorities in life. However, this also has its weaknesses, especially for women without a concrete financial base. These women cannot afford to stay at home because they have to fend for their families. Additionally, these points would disadvantage single mothers. For instance, if they choose to stay at home, they will need to find ways of providing for the family on their own (Hirshman, 2006). Strengths and weaknesses associated with the Con side of the issue The counterpoints to the issue stress the fact that women opt out of work because of constraints involved at work and at home. This is a strong point because it has been proved that most women have to partake of the responsibility of caring for children by themselves or employing nannies. That is, fathers have neglected their wives when it comes to raising children. Additionally, pressures from jobs have been constrained by women. For instance, lawyers and accountants, among other professionals have pressing schedules, which cannot accommodate childbearing. It is, therefore, true that women are struggling to balance their time between work and family issues. The weakness associated with this argument seeks to emphasize that most workplaces have tried to tailor jobs that women can do effectively. For instance, teaching is a noble job, which grants women the opportunity to work as well as care for children. This is also possible in caregiving jobs. In essence, women who want to have children should consider jobs that give them the opportunity to care for their children. Nonetheless, this argument diverts from feminism, whic
Introduction In the past before the invention of computers people used to rely on books and other written materials as a way of storing their information. This in turn led to the accumulation of materials that were difficult to refer to when the need arose because it was an uphill task retrieving such information from books that were not properly stored. As a result scientists of the time began to think of how they could have the bulk information stored in such a way that anyone wishing to access it did not have to hustle a lot. This is what slowly to the invention of computers as a tool for storage although they were used for other purposes later on. When computers came it was found that it had to be installed with some programs that helped it perform more tasks at the same time and faster. History of WinZip and WinRAR files WinZip Computing Company is the producer of WinZip software that has been used as a file compressor and archiver for both Microsoft Windows and the Mac OSX. Harlan (2011 p 320) has argued that in the initial version for Windows that was released in April 1991 it was available as WinZip 1.0. It is worth noting that earlier on in 1989; Phil Katz had invented on behalf of MS-Dos a Zip archive format that had been referred to as PKZIP. After this production, there have been other subsequent production with each one being an improvement of the earlier version. Chris (2008 p 429) contends that WinZip 2.0 for example had some features that WinZip lacked and therefore could be tasked in assisting with the performance of extra work load that could not be carried out when using WinZip 1.0. He argues that some of the features in the WinZip 2.0 were the dialog box that was used to show the paths and the names of the files of all the external programs. In addition, this version allowed one to scan the viruses in the system something that lacked in the earlier version. Harlan (2011 p 321) has noted that with more modifications the WinZip 3.0 version could perform more sophisticated tasks than the previous version. He gives an example of its ability to extract files in a subdirectory manner something that the previous versions failed to achieve. Other versions that have been produced ever since include the following; WinZip 3.1, WinZip 3.2, WinZip 4.0, WinZip 5.0, 5.5, and 5.6, WinZip 6.0, WinZip 6.0a, WinZip 7.0, WinZip 8.0, WinZip 8.1, WinZip 9.0, WinZip 10, WinZip 11, 11.1, and 11.2, WinZip 12 and 12.1, WinZip 14 and 14.5, WinZip 15 which is the latest version. It is good to observe that WinZip 13 was never produced. The latest version for example Chris (2008 p 430) argues that it has facilitated a new and better output in all aspects of its performance. RAR files use the same technology as the ZIP which is to compress a huge amount of information and put it in one package. This file has become a darling of many internet u
The article “Savage and the Slave: Critical Race Theory” by Timothy Lintner is based on meta-theoretical analysis which pays a special attention to concepts and world views. The framework of the study is critical race theory. The article discusses the problem of racial stereotyping and its impact on education and learning process. The main problem is that modern education is subjective influenced by personal opinion of teachers and authors of textbook, upon their interpretation of American history and racial relations in society. The meta-theoretical perspective is based on literature analysis and personal observations of the author. A framework of the study is a critical race theory which helps to explain and analyze the concepts and issues related to the research study. To test for treatment effectiveness across behaviors, the behaviors are all measuring the same underlying construct, as required in meta-analysis. Internal validity are satisfied for the study, but external validity involving the generalization to a larger population is probably questionable. In single-subject research, great detail is provided regarding the characteristics of the subjects. Therefore, the generalizations to a larger population are to those individuals similar to the subjects in the research study. The article gives a special attention to three aspects: racial stereotypes in textbooks, personal opinion of teachers and construction of curriculum. The meta-analysis involves quantifying the treatment results of research studies and applying
Due to the fact that marketing is a broad profession that covers promotion and sales, marketers should understand all underlying processes, including the services delivered directly to the consumer or customer. The present paper discusses one of the personal selling tools, which is the salesperson-initiated closing of a sale. It needs to be noted that the relevant and non-pressuring initiative of the salesperson is more likely to help the buyer make the right choice and purchase the article they need. At a certain critical stage, the salesperson should suggest that the customer make their decision to purchase the product. Time control is quite important in sale completion, and it is important to avoid hurrying the customer or making them wait. The sales representative should also pay attention to the customer’s gestures which might point to the willingness to buy the product. Such cues might include nodding in agreement while the conditions of the sale are being discussed, trying on or examining the merchandise again, scrutinizing the service contract, searching for the wallet or purse in the bag, specifying/discussing the possible options (different color, conditions of free delivery and so forth), verbal expression of positive attitude towards or inter
Abstract Hyperloop is a new transportation technology that utilizes magnetic levitation to move a capsule through vacuumed space with a speed of nearly 760-800 mph. The technology is yet to be implemented; however, introducing it might bring numerous benefits. The purpose of this paper is to assess the most frequent purposes of interurban traveling of the UAE residents and their attitudes to Hyperloop, and to estimate the potential benefits of implementation of this technology. To do this, primary data was collected via surveying, and a literature review was conducted. It was discovered that interurban travelling may often be associated with career or studying purposes; that the respondents are inclined to be distrustful of the new technology; and that implementing Hyperloop might result in numerous benefits. It is concluded that it is worth introducing Hyperloop in the UAE. Introduction Nowadays, the pace of life has become extremely fast. The need to do numerous tasks in a short period results in the want for quick and effective transportation. Thus, certain innovations and developments in the area of transportation are sometimes proposed. One of these in the Hyperloop technology, which has been offered by Elon Musk, a Canadian-American entrepreneur, inventor and engineer, who also occupies the position of the CEO of SpaceX and Tesla Motors, and also has similar positions certain other successful businesses (Kosowatz, 2014; Mairs, 2016). The Hyperloop is an innovative transportation system that utilises the technology of magnetic levitation to move a capsule through vacuumed space with tremendous speed (Hodaib & Fattah, 2016). It is stated that Hyperloop could be used in the space industry (Belfiore, 2013). However, this technology could be employed to transport people and/or cargo at speeds greater than those of some of the contemporary aircraft (Kosowatz, 2014). This technology is to be implemented and tested in the U.S.; in addition, it is planned that several Hyperloops will be built in the UAE, allowing for quick travelling between such cities as Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Muscat, Doha, and Riyadh (Mairs, 2016). On the whole, the introduction of Hyperloop in the UAE appears to have good perspectives. However, there certain concerns needing to be addressed for the implementation of the new Hyperloop transportation technology to be successful (Kosowatz, 2014). For instance, even though there exists a need for effective and viable transportation services in the UAE, it is also important to know the preferences of passengers and the purposes for which people travel between different points in the country (the willingness to utilise the new means of transportation might depend on these purposes, especially because of the possible fear of the Hyperloop t
Introduction The goal of the essay The primary goal of the essay is to discover the issues of women trafficking while reviewing the main role of the Coalition against Trafficking in Women and offering recommendations to enhance its working mechanism. Thesis statement Apart from living in the industrialized world, the concept of modern ‘slavery’ continues to exist due to the current gaps in legislation and functioning of organizations such as the Coalition against Trafficking in Women, and they have to be filled to reduce trafficking and prostitution worldwide. Woman trafficking and prostitution General facts As it was mentioned earlier, prostitution and women trafficking can be considered as the major issues of the world, and these concepts were defined by the United Nations as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons using threat” and sexual exploitation (Nichols, 2016, p. 4). Profiles of the main actors The framework of trafficking includes several actors such as victims (the most vulnerable individuals including both children and women), offenders such as female pimps, who gain the trust of the young girls (“pimp-coerced female trafficking”), and the management (Nichols, 2016, p. 112). Factors supporting trafficking and prostitution Despite the significance of human rights in the modern world, the factors such as globalization, the lack of well-developed legal framework, insufficient functioning of non-governmental organizations against trafficking, and socio-economic inequality are the central forces that drive the growth of sex trafficking and prostitution (Rahman, 2011). For instance, for some females in Iran, prostitution is one of the most important sources of income, and it is essential for their survival (Hepburn & Simon, 2013). The Coalition Against Trafficking in Women General facts The issue of sex trafficking was addressed in 2000 in the Palermo Protocol for the first time while social and economic factors encouraged the development of related legislation and the establishment of various international organizations such as the Coalition against Trafficking in Women in su
Formation of Raced Identities in Young Children This section answers the question of formation of raced identities in young children, the way they learn it and its implications. At the outset of this paper, it is critical to note that this ideology of race was strongly rooted in Social Darwinism, and its core elements, which continue to construct an ideology of race today, were, firstly, that it is possible and desirable to classify people into distinct groups by noting their biological, genetic and physical characteristics (MacNaughton and Davis 2001). Secondly, people’s behaviour is related to those biological, genetic and physical differences. Thirdly, the simplest way to distinguish between groups of people is on the basis of their physical characteristics, especially colour. Finally, some races are more competent and advanced than are others, with the most advanced groups of people (races) being the Europeans an Aryans (MacNaughton and Hatch 2005). Racial identity is primarily a related to community. Society plays an important role in forming children’s identities, especially on race, which is the subject of this paper. The construction of “a white racial identity is a form of political action that requires a conscious effort to develop an anti-racist identity that embraces the possibility and need for social justice” (Hayes 2001, p. 17). Race exists in both adults and children alike, and their effects cannot be hidden. Some people identify themselves in terms of their ‘race’. Racial self-identification and categorisation is considered fluid across one’s life-span, shifting with context rather than age. Postmodern/poststructuralist theorists see identity switching as a sign of human agency and the capacity of humans to play an active role in constructing themselves. “While they can make discourses their own and shape their own meanings in the world, they cannot shape them outside of discourse” (MacNaughton 2005, p.27). Young children get to know about race from diverse ways and they start to make their own classifications and preferences at various points in life (MacNaughton and Davis 2009). Ways in Which Children Learn About Race Influence plays a major role in forming a child’s identity, mostly from society. In their research projects in Victoria, Australia, MacNaughton and Davis (2001) explored young children’s comprehensions of indigenous Australians and the influence of their cultures and they report that during some of the interviews, children said that that they had learnt about Aboriginal people from television, newspapers, stor
Introduction The role of the media in societies has been analysed throughout decades. It has been acknowledged that the media has rather significant power over communities and societies. The development of technology has increased this influence considerably. Thus, researchers tend to focus on the merging of conventional (newspapers, radio, television) and new media (the Internet) claiming that the media plays an important role in shaping public opinion (Cunningham & Turner 2010). Interestingly, this influence has been developing throughout several centuries. Now many believe that the media can drastically affect processes that take place in the society. Remarkably, the interest to media in Australia has increased as well. For instance, students’ enrolment in media and communications spheres increased by 16% in 2007. At the same time, overall student numbers increased by 2% (Cunningham & Turner 2010, p. 10). However, at the same time there is certain distrust in public sphere (Bouchet & Kariithi 2003; Kim & Kim 2008; Cox 1995). People tend to distrust the government and other authorities. It is necessary to note that the media has addressed certain criticism and sometimes people distrust the media as well, as people feel they are being manipulated. The decreasing number of the media proprietors and monopolization of the sphere of the media can lead to increase in distrust. Nonetheless, these concerns can be easily eliminated as technology provides a variety of solutions. It is necessary to point out that the media can help to eliminate distrust in the
The Presidency President barrack Obama is truly a charismatic leader. He has proved his gift in getting people who disagree with him to combine forces and achieve goals far more important than themselves or their differences. A good example of this was the passing of the healthcare reform policy. President Obama successfully got congress to pass a bill that Americans has been aspiring to have for over four decades now. The healthcare reform is a public policy that will ensure that almost all Americans have access to medical care when they need it. The current healthcare system is very oppressive and inhumane. Stories keep appearing on local dailies about how another American was denied a fundamental right to medical treatment because of lack of financial resources. In all the western democracies that have adopted a national healthcare plan, the change began with such stories. In Britain, it was Bernard Shaw who while visiting a local hospital overheard an incredulous exchange between a physician and his assistant. The assistant announced that a certain old man was in need of the physician’s attention. The doctor responded by asking his assistant if the man was ‘worth it’ (Almond, & Verba 2010, p. 34). George Bernard Shaw wrote ‘Doctor’s Dilemma’ out of this and that heralded change for Britain, which adopted the national health insurance policy in 1945. Canada and Australia followed suit soon afterwards, (1966 and 1974); it is about time America joined in. In 2007, polls indicated that 57 million Americans experienced challenges in paying for medical bills. This was 14 million more than the number in 2003. The major problem with Americans is that they are scared of change. Several authors named this irrational fear, the Bolshevik fantasy (Kernell 2008, p. 45). Americans prefer to suffer in the familiar zone they have been in for decades rather than wonder into strange and unchartered paths where they risked government dominion. It came as a surprise, therefore, when the bill passed in congress despite all the prophets of doom who had already criticized Obama’s strategy and leadership in general. However, it is no surprise that opposition for the bill is still rampant. Recently, President Obama requested that the Supreme Court give its judgment on the constitutionality of this bill. Lower court jurists exercised judicial restraint in holding that the bill does not contravene the commerce clause in requiring mandatory compliance from all Americans in purchasing health insurance (Hodder-Williams 1992, p. 19). This is the argument that most of Obama’s opponents are raising. The courts continue to find against them. Justice Laurence Silber man stated, “The right to be free from federal regulation is not absolute, and yields to the imperative that congress is free to forge national solutions to national problems” (Walcott, & Hult 2007, p. 6). Obama’s bill has its weaknesses, however, it is in line with the original intent of the commerce clause, and
Introduction The given proposal provides the analysis and evaluation of the current perspective on motivation, the role it plays in organizations, and strategies that might be utilized to attain its higher levels. Investigating the given issue, specific literature devoted to it is reviewed and discussed. At the same time, regarding the fact that some strategies fail to succeed and promote the beneficial result, the paper investigates the possibility of Maslows hierarchy of needs application to motivate workers and attain desired outcomes. All important findings related to the discussed question are presented in the proposal and discussed. The proposal assumes that people working in different organizations might have diverse needs that should be satisfied using multiple strategies and utilizing tools that are available to employers. At the same time, the utilization of Maslows hierarchy of needs might help to indicate the current state of individuals and their demands that should be satisfied. For this reason, its use can be considered an efficient strategy to analyze the existing working environment and suggest an appropriate method to meet current demands and ensure the gradual rise of satisfaction levels that are closely connected with motivation. Moreover, multiple shareholders have their perspectives on motivation because of the peculiarities of factors that impact their needs and demands. The project recommends utilizing Maslows hierarchy of needs to determine the current state of employees and select the most appropriate motivational strategy to attain improved outcomes and motivate employees. At the same time, it is also advised to devote significant attention to the problem of motivation because of its critical role in the functioning of multiple organizations and management. Statement of the Problem The problem of motivation is one of the most topical concerns of modern management. The majority of scientists working in the given sphere determined it as a reason or a particular fact that makes a person act in a certain way (Daniels &Bailey, 2016). As it comes from the definition, the given phenomenon directly impacts peoples actions. At the same time, regarding the fact or cause that makes an individual do something, the levels of commitment and performance vary. A highly motivated person uses all available tools and strategies to attain a particular goal because it is significant for him/her (see Fig. 1) (Daniels &Bailey, 2016). In terms of management, the given aspect becomes one of the central moving forces that make employees work with devotion and be interested in outcomes (Daniels &Bailey, 2016). However, the main problem of modern management is the choice of strategies to motivate people to do their best. The diversity of peoples needs and demands precondition the emergence of multiple aspects that should be considered to provide workers with the stimul