ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Organisation: Scholarship Coordination Office The Scholarship Coordination Office (SCO) at Ministry of Presidential Affairs (MoPA) is the governmental unit that aims to increase the quality of national personnel in Engineering, Information Technology, Medicine, Business Management and Administration, Physics, Biology, Law and many other fields of knowledge. The SCO does so by sponsoring distinguished UAE students’ education. SCO was established in 1999 in Abu Dhabi, and it currently offers two major scholarship programs: the Distinguished Students Scholarship and the Study Abroad Scholarship. SCO is a functional unit of MoPA, which represents a complex of governmental departments serving as support for the country’s prime decision-maker, His Highness the President of the UAE. Along with other structural units of MoPA, such as the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Economy, and Ministry of Education, SCO strives to develop high-quality competence and applied skills for the improvement of the MoPA’s primary position in the fulfilment of national objectives, execution of policies and provision of excellent community services aimed at increasing national welfare and quality of life for the UAE population. Motivated by this mission, SCO annually grants prestigious scholarships to twenty distinguished high school students. The major objective of the scholarship programs administered by SCO is to offer these UAE students opportunities to study in top-ranked international universities and colleges in the U.S.A and the U.K. The scholarships provide these selected students with financial assistance to cover university tuition, travel costs to that university’s country, healthcare insurance and a monthly stipend. By supporting the students in their pursuit of academic and professional goals, MoPA and SCO contribute to the advancement of the UAE human resources’ competence, intelligence and skillfulness; by doing so, the government is assisting society in its adjustment to rapid global changes and in attaining success in the unstable global environment that is the 21 st century. Important Persons in SCO Director Mr. Al Hadid is the director of SCO. He is a thirty-six-year-old resident of Abu Dhabi. He graduated from Abu Dhabi University with a Master’s in Education and Educational Leadership, then obtained the Executive Master’s of Business Administration at the London Business School. Mr. Al Hadid brings comprehensive working experience as a public administrator and leader. Prior to taking his place as director of SCO, he worked in the UAE private secondary and high schools in the administrative office, and he was also a high school principal for over seven years. Under his administration, his former school demonstrated improved indicators in multiple performance areas, including teachers’ efficacy and job satisfaction; student academic success; effectiveness of curriculum design; and, educational program efficiency. The achieved improvements helped the s
Introduction This paper covers two parts. Part one of the paper is a summary of chapter ten of the book “Studying At University, how to be a successful student” by David Mcllroy. The chapter title is “Applying for a job” where Mcllroy advises the university students on how to apply or seek for a job. He also advises about how they should select a course to study in the university. Part two of the essay is Research summary on ‘The Civil Rights movement in the USA that took place from 1955 thru 1968’. The Civil Rights Movement in the USA This was a movement that took place in the United States of America between 1955 and 1968. The movement was instituted when the southern states of America were dominated by racial discrimination against African Americans and denial of voting powers. The movement’s main aim was to end the racial segregation and fight for the voting power of the black people in America. However, the aim was enlarged to include the fight racial dignity, freedom from oppression, and political and economic self sufficiency which were the major concerns of the African-American people. This was escalated by the emergence of the black power movement that took place between 1966 and 1975. Their concerns and demands were fought using major campaigns of civil resistance where the issues were addressed. There was rampant oppression of the white people by the Native Americans during the period of (and before), the movement. The situation in America was worse and needed to be addressed with immediate effect. It is apparent, therefore, that the movement came up due to the need to fight the racial discrimination that was being directed to the Americans of African origin. According to Renée (2006), these people had been denied various rights they were entitled to as Americans. According to Renée (2006), the government had deliberately failed to provide adequate public services like schools and hospitals in the areas perceived to be occupied by the African-American. He states that even those that were lucky to have these services did not get the right quality. He says that although the blacks’ population in the United States was small compared to the Americans, they eventually won the battle and were given all the rights as other Americans. Exploitation was another cause that led to the emergence of civil rights movement. According to Newman (2004), the people of African origin were being exploited economically. He argues that although slavery had been outlawed long time ago, the subsequent governments failed to address the plight of these people. In places of work, he acknowledges that Africans and ot
Privacy is an issue that bothers many individuals who are involved in the world of business. It is not only about the number of people who may gain access to personal information, but about the ability to control access to this kind of information and make independent decisions whether to expose a secret or not. In the business workplace, the dilemma of privacy can be developed in a variety of forms. For example, in informational advertising, a company may investigate several products in the same category and develop price or quality comparisons to persuade potential clients to pay attention to the offered product. The dilemma is that on the one hand, personal information about competitors is exposed so that no data control can be followed, and on the other hand, information for comparison is not stolen but taken from public sources. As a result, informational advertising may provoke multiple questions about truths and lies available to organizations and clients. There are several ways to approach this problem, and one of the possible theories includes the basics of cultural ethics that promote respect to moral doctrines like rules or beliefs of specific communities. The peculiar feature of culturalist ethics is that there is no way to support the idea of the comparison of two cultures or, in this case, two products. According to this theory, it is allowed to describe the differences between items, but it is forbidden to say that one of them is better than another as it turns out to be a contradiction to the idea that all moral truths depend only on what society thinks about them. In other words, the comparison of products in informational advertising can be supported in the world of business only if a company aims at describing something but not defining which one is a better option.
The Louvre has a history of both successfully and unsuccessfully restoring art. The example of the 2013 restoration of The Virgin and Child with St. Anne proved that restoration could alter an artist’s work. The disagreement among conservators led to the painting becoming too light with significant changes to the details of the work. As a result, both critics and conservators protested any more restorations of da Vinci’s work, including the 2016 restoration of John the Baptist (Lewis, 2016). However, it was this restoration that proved that accurate and careful cleaning could truly return the work to some of its initial quality without altering it in unintended ways. Fifteen layers of varnish were removed from the John the Baptist piece during restoration. This was done because the chemicals in it had oxidized and darkened the image as a result, with many details becoming unnoticeable. The removal of the varnish lightened the piece, illustrating the sfumato technique in greater detail. Though it is impossible to say that the restoration left the artist’s work completely untouched, the intervention left minimal changes to the piece. The layers of varnish had been added over the lifetime of the painting and have been untouched since 1802. The oxidation process not only darkened the overall imagery but had left vital elements such as the saint’s curly hair or fur pelt most hidden. As such, the varnish itself was also interfering with the original appearance of the work. Despite the early protests, the Louvre continued with the restoration with positive results. It seemed that most who experienced the piece were not distracted by obvious interventions like in the previous Louvre restoration. While art viewers understand that zero alterations to art are impossible, minimal interference can enhance the experience of observing art. Reference Lewis, D. (2016). The Louvre Has Restored “St. John the Baptist” . The Smithsonian. Web.
Introduction Scholars have discussed the problem of scientific fraud and its implications for many years due to its adverse impact on the community and attitudes towards the validity of scientific works. It is necessary to define and describe science fraud and introduce a public policy that can be implemented to prevent and detect similar cases. Imposing penalties on individuals committing science fraud and emphasizing the ethical values of scientific research can help ensure that the problem of trust within the community is mitigated. Definition of Science Fraud and Its Implications The publication of the findings and conclusions made during specific research is an essential element of scientific activity. Unfortunately, some individuals choose to falsify data or report false information for various reasons, which will be explained in detail in the following paragraphs. According to Henry, issues such as non-disclosure of financial incentives, plagiarism, and falsification committed by scientists can be defined as science fraud. This issue leads to a loss of trustworthiness both from other scientists and the general population. Thus, individuals committing scientific fraud not only hurt their reputation but also impose a negative impact on the institutions and others involved in research activities. More scientific publications are made in the current times than in previous decades. Additionally, Grimes et al. state that the number of reported fraud cases is more significant than before (171511). Many subjects, including social sciences and fields of studies such as psychology or biomedicine, were publically discussed due to significant science fraud accusations made against researchers who published their findings. Gross states that at least 10% of people in the scientific field admitted to observing misconduct, which indicates the severity of the problem (693). The author provides an example of Eric Poehlman who received millions from the US government for his studies of metabolic changes that were not true. It can be argued that scientific fraud is a seve
Description The case study is devoted to 11-year-old twins Mark and Matthew Russ who are mentally challenged and educable. They study at the Dunn Middle School where they are placed in self-contained classrooms. Their parents are dissatisfied with the academic progress of the twins and are especially concerned with their speech that is being mocked by other children; Mr. and Mrs. Russ notice that their children are hurt by this mockery. The parents are supportive, but their only long-term goal for the children is for them to be able to work in the future. Would an Inclusive Environment Be Beneficial? Self-contained classrooms are aimed at helping children with disabilities that are impairing their learning abilities to a considerable extent; also, the children often have adaptive issues. Individual solutions and approaches are used in such classrooms, and they are mostly aimed at the development of functional skills (James, 2008, p. 55). Self-contained classrooms may occasionally be regarded as a controversial solution, in particular, due to the Least Restrictive Environment agenda (James, 2008, p. 34). However, self-contained classroom phenomenon does not contradict the agenda; rather, it receives the goal of preparing a child to more inclusive environments by gradually increasing the time of his or her presence in such settings. In other words, the increase in the inclusive environment presence of the Russ boys is probably one of the aims of their teacher. However, this aim needs to be achieved carefully by finding an individual scheme of the process, which is a requirement for working with children in self-contained classrooms. Also, the teacher needs to take into account the speech issue and the lack of acceptance that is exhibited by the Dunn Middle children. Here, the teacher may work on the children’s speech, especially if the boys are as interested in it as their father, which is likely since they get offended because of their peers’ mockery. However, the school may and should assist as well by affecting children’s’ disability awareness as described below. Could Parents Do More? The parents have likely been provided with extensive information on the special learning abilities of their children; if not, they must be provided with it. Their disappointment is understandable, and it does not appear to prevent them from being supportive and caring, but they probably need to be comforted, and the suggestion of solutions and helpful activities that they can personally implement should improve their confidence. Also, since the speech problem is the main one that they are concerned with, it is logical to provide them with tips on resolving it. Talking and listening with the boys can help, but it should not be a forced activity. As a result, the technique that is probably the most obvious, beneficial, and applicable is speech games: they can provide the parents and children with an opportunity to practice speech and also spend time together while having fun. Fun is an important element of the games; while the parents do not appear to be perfectionists, it may be important to remind them that the aim of the activi
What is Freedom? There is a great need to understand what freedom actually means. A misconception will lead to many problems and one of them is to abuse ones idea of freedom to hurt and subjugate others. Although it is already a given that freedom just like the concept love is not easy to define and the quest to define it can be exhaustive but at the end of the day what one will get is approximation for there is really no human words that can describe what it means as well as the fact that freedom can be interpreted in different ways by different peoples and cultures. The best way to narrow down the definition of freedom is to narrow it by defining it according to a particular context. With regards to this discussion freedom will be define in the context of European history as well as the emergence of the United States as bastion for democracy. Paradoxically freedom will be fully understood as the proponent of this study will try to link it to the institution of slavery in Europe and then in the United States of America. According to Walton and Smith freedom even if one delimits the research to understanding freedom in the context of slavery there are still many different ways to define the term. But in their search for the correct definition of freedom in the Western context they were able to narrow it down to three typologies of freedom. The three typologies will be shown below together with their respective authors: Table 1 Typologies of Freedom. Patterson    Foner      King                   Personal     Natural    Liberal                Sovereignal  Civil      Autonomy               Civic        Political  Participatory                       Social     Collective Deliverance  The best way to look at the table shown below is to understand first that there are at least three basic forms of freedom: Personal , Sovereignal , and Civic . After that the types of freedom that can be seen on the right side of the table are the rights that should be given to the individuals as well as the social conditions needed to be able to experience the basic freedoms that Patterson has pointed out earlier. According to Patterson personal freedom is the sense that a person can do anything he or she wants at the same time it is the sense that he or she is not coerced to do something that is not desired (Walton & Smith, 2). Sovereignal freedom on the other hand is the power to do anything without regard for the rights of others (Walton & Smith, 2). Civic freedom is the capacity of adult members of a community or nation to participate in its life and governance (Walton & Smith, 2). Foner and King’s ideas can be seen as supporting Patterson’s ideas by giving the reason why personal and civic freedom is possible in the first place. For instance Foner asserts that each human has natural rights that enable him to feel the need for freedom and at the same time these rights should compel others to respect his rights to
The word ‘opera’ stems from the Latin word ‘opus’ and suggests the combination of the many art forms that fuse together to create an opera presentation. Opera has prospered all over the world as a medium of communication involving a complete variety of human sentiments. I have gauged from my experiences and literary knowledge that the fundamental nature of the ‘opera buffa’ is to present mockery, parody, and sarcasm, collectively with flashes of earnestness and genuine human sentiments. The English form of the ‘ballad opera’, Spanish form or the ‘zarzuela’ and the Viennese or the ‘operetta’, all aided the establishment of the opera as a form of entertainment which continues to enjoy immense recognition all over the globe. Today, composers like John Adams, Philip Glass, and John Corigliano are immensely successful globally and are responsible for the inculcation of fresh verve into the art form which is in the continuous process of evolution even today. The ‘Opera buffa’, which employs simplicity in design, is the humorous or satirical genre, developed towards the end of the eighteenth century and portrays realistically the everyday life of humans. An important feature is the ‘Patter songs’ or the tongue twisters like: “She sells seashells at the seashore,” or “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.” This genre was skillfully used by Mozart to reveal the varying social and political upheavals of the eighteenth century. ‘The Marriage of Figaro’ (1786) by Mozart is considered to be one of the greatest opera buffas and is a humorous depiction of the political and social conflicts subsisting in his existing culture. Theater, to which music was added for enhancement of effective portrayal of emotions on the stage, has been in existence for hundreds of years, entertaining people with operas long before the invention of television and radio. Operas are thus a very special form of art reflecting deepest human emotions, and effectively merge drama and music to create the eternal art enjoyed all over the world these days.
The book Dizzy Gillespie tells the story of success of an African American jazz star of the 20th century and is titled by his name. The author has chosen this subject because it tells about famous jazz, trumpet player and singer Dizzy Gillespie. Stepping after the author page by page, the reader can know not only the life of the American jazz player but to trace the roots of the modern jazz. Here it is important to note that the publisher is Black Americans of Achievement group – it is the group promoting writings of and about famous African Americans who made their contribution to the development of some field. The fragments of glamorous life were given much evaluation in the work of Gentry; jazz was (and is still) seen as the club music, music for dancing and fun. However, for the players, it is also the hard labor and constant pursuit of an ideal. This is where discrimination features are evident in the work: while playing, being popular and loved, musicians like Gillespie had to be relentless workers during their whole life. The book is divided into eight chapters, each under its own title. It also includes a chronology of the events given in the book. However, it can be considered more thematically arranged because the work does not give much background information about Gillespie beyond music topics. The central image of the work is the musician himself. It is clear that the author is fascinated with the image of Gillespie, and he characterizes him as a fun-making, extraordinary man but a passionate musician first of all: “But this kid was full of surprises. Always joking, dancing, mugging at the girls, he never seemed to sit still. And when he was on the bandstand, he put all that useful energy into the music…He was like a baseball slugger swinging for the fences” (Gentry 9-10). Gillespie is depicted by the author as not afraid of changes, accepting them with joy and fascination; the proof for this may be found in his way of moving to New York – kissing his mother, saying good-bye, and jumping into the first train (Gentry 13). The style of Gillespie was new, innovative and daring; so was the environment in which he had to exist to become able to realize himself. An illustrative example of what the environment for Gillespie was like can be found at the very beginning of the work: “Any jazzman worth his salt had a nickname, and now he had one too…The swing was far and away from the most popular style of music in America during the mid-1930s, and to play in a big band had become one of the most cherished dreams of young musicians across the country. He had fallen in love with the sharp clothes, racy slang and easy confidence of the band members” (Gentry 11-12). The author takes a clear approach to the figure of Gillespie as a restless and creative musician whose man fear was to become trivial. Hence, he spent enormous amounts of time exploring new musical tunes, new combinations of sounds and instruments etc. to be original and interesting to the public, and to develop as a musician (Gentry 18). As well as originality and creativity, the non-acceptance of traditional canons of jazz became one of the central theme