ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The proposed research focuses on exploring the entrepreneurial initiatives in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Since a significant decline is noted in startups and their development compared to the neighboring countries, the relevance of the topic cannot be overestimated. It is expected that future research would not only benefit the entrepreneurial area but also serve as a source of external research income for the School of Business. In particular, the valuable data and recommendations that would be obtained and analyzed in the course of the study would shape the foundation for further research and funding from various interested parties. The government as well as private and public organizations are likely to find it important to better understand how the current relatively low level of commercial activity may be improved. At the same time, one should stress that it is expected that the proposed study would contribute to practical solutions to be employed by startups to successfully compete on the market. In other words, the proposed project has a great capacity to promote future external research income concerning the School of Business. A range of quality research outputs would result from conducting the identified project. First of all, there is an urgent need to reveal the factors that are associated with decreased entrepreneurial activity in the region, which is targeted by the proposed study. By understanding what exactly leads to the fact that NSW, Australia entrepreneurs encounter difficulties with their small businesses would allow formulating countermeasures. Accordingly, the second output is the provision of recommendations that would be useful to adopt in reconsidering their strategies and behaviors related to designing, developing, and managing startups. It is also essential to emphasize that not only small and newly emerged companies but also the whole market and economy are affected by the contemporary situation. From a long-term perspective, the successful performance of small businesses would present more employment options, encourage flexibility and optimization, and boost innovation. From the other point, one more output refers to the collection of reliable evidence and its detailed analysis to obtain the necessary knowledge and skills in conducting studies, resulting in a peer-reviewed journal article. Thus, personal, professional, and scholarly outputs compose the expected impact of this proposed project. The contribution of the project funding to the development of applicants, especially colleagues with scholarship and research profile is significant. The Business of School requirements states that teaching and research should be combined to create a synergy and disseminate the findings. In this regard, the funding provided t
In accordance with Article 1 of the Constitution of the United States, all legislative powers are granted to the United States Congress ( Constitution of the United States, n.d.). However, there is one limitation to this provision – adopted laws should be necessary and focus on improving the lives of Americans. The primary issue is to determine, which laws are necessary and what are the criteria for estimating their impact on the welfare of society. Still, the authority to legislate is in the Congress’ hands. It might choose to delegate some rulemaking responsibilities to local governments and agencies entitling them to legislate at their scales (e.g. statutes of agencies or laws of separate states) through passing various legal acts, but they should follow the adopted laws. The example to support this statement is Administrative Procedure Act granting the authority to legislate to agencies by giving them the right to adopt statutes controlling their functioning. Sometimes, it is a matter of concern to determine whether the Congress unlawfully or unreasonably expands upon the authority to legislate. My answer to this question is no, it does not. I believe that the Congress has the right to delegate responsibilities of rulemaking to states and agencies if it finds it necessary because this provision is determined by the Constitution of the United States. All in all, it acts on behalf of Americans, as they have recognized this capacity. To begin with, it is vital to determine what is a dictum. In its nature, it is a judicial statement expressed in the course of a court proceeding. It is a personal opinion of a judge regarding the case but unnecessary to its resolution. Moreover, it should be kept in mind that dicta are not holdings, i.e. they are not always accurate, do not have judicial authority, and are not obligatory to obey (Stinson, 2010). Nevertheless, dicta often have an influence on judicial decisions. This effect can be viewed from two perspectives both negative and positive. The negative impact of dicta on judicial decisions can be explained by the fact that they are often confused with holdings. It is especially acute in the case of lower courts, which believe that judicial dicta of Supreme courts can be understood as precedents and applied to solving the case. The reason for such misunderstanding is that dicta are often issued together with the holdings, and they include numerous referrals to previous cases (Stinson, 2010). The example of similar negative influence is the instance when a court refers to a dictum and, as a result, passes a wrong decision. It might potentially launch a chain of wrong decisions, and it is complicated and costly to remedy the issue. On the other hand, it should be kept in mind that holdings are not always correct beca
Discovery and History of Glutamate Glutamate, commonly termed monosodium l-glutamate (MSG), was discovered in 1908 by Professor Kikunae Ikeda. Foods have sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes but a new taste discovered, could not be classified into the four common tastes hence the name umami was born. Professor Ikeda did experiments to determine the cause of the umami taste using seaweed called kombu. After many trials, he found out the source of umami was glutamate and used it to craft a type of food seasoning (Sano, 2009). From 1962 to 1973, chemical synthesis was introduced as a method for producing monosodium glutamate by using acrylonitrile and dl-glutamic acid. Nowadays, MSG is produced via fermentation (due to the reduction of production costs and environmental load) by using natural products such as sugarcane and molasses. In addition, it is found in soy sauce and vegetable proteins (Jong, 2003). Importance of glutamate at a basic function level Glutamate occurs naturally in foods containing proteins such as tomatoes, meat, poultry, and milk. It is either bound or free. A basic function level, glutamate (monosodium glutamate) is used as a taste enhancer or for flavoring. Naturally, free glutamate in tomatoes and mushrooms is used for flavoring (International Glutamate Information Service, 2011). Biochemical synthesis and metabolic pathways Glutamate falls under the class of non-essential amino acids synthesized from intermediates of metabolic pathways. The biochemical synthesis of amino acids is done by using α-ketoacid and transaminating from glutamate with the aminotransferase acting as a catalyst or enzyme. For glutamate, its synthesis is done by aminating its α-ketoglutarate. Amino acids biosynthesis process takes the form:   * α-ketoacid + glutamate ⇄ amino acid + α-ketoglutarate   * while glutamate biosynthesis process takes the form:   * α-ketoglutarate + NH4+ ⇄ glutamate. For example, glutamine is derived from glutamate and NH4+. Aminotransferases usually make sure that any amino nitrogen is shifted to and from glutamate to enhance the dilapidation and creation of amino acids (Kelly & Stanley, 2001). Glutamate dehydrogenase releases ammonia and α-ketoglutarate through glutamate’s oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Additionally, ammonia detoxification takes place when it is transformed into N-acetyl glutamate (NAG). Therefore, glutamate acts as a major ketoacid in many biosynthesis ways besides storing nitrogen and releasing it as urea. Feedback inhibition regulates most pathways of the biosynthesis process. Fig. 1: Metabolic pathways of glutamate. Mode of action at the cellular level Glutamate and its receptors (on neurons and glial cells) aid in excitatory signal transmission. The major function of the receptors is to sense the cells’ release of glutamate besides converting the signal and passing it
Leasing is understood to be a financial instrument that permits an individual or the lessee to enjoy the utility of a physical asset without possessing it or without assuming ownership of the asset. Leasing can also be defined as an arrangement between two main parties namely: the lessor or the leasing company and the person or the lessee. The customer or the lessee can rent the asset from the company for a particular period of time. The rent for leasing are always predetermined and are due after a particular fixed intervals of time and the lessee assumes the ownership of the property for the entire lease period. There is no purchase option at the expiry of the lease period. Leasing applies to equipments that are expensive and bulky or large. Leasing has advantage of tax exemption since the individual avoids the per annum leasing charges; also there is the advantage of avoiding the making of down payments. A company with huge capital outlay will use their profits to lease assets by simultaneously defraying charges from depreciation as profits. Business organizations consider the use of leasing as the best instrument to apply for capital equipment during the financial period of the investment. There is always an operational capital that is accrued from leasing especially when the companies supply the equipment instead of financing the equipment, this kind of capital accrued is called financial leasing (Mishra, 2008). Leasing can be an instrumental source of finance and can be used to modernize business operations. Types of lease There are five types of leasing namely: financial leasing, operating lease, leverage lease, the sale and lease back and cross border lease. Financial lease: This is a type of lease which cannot be revoked or canceled. The lessee
Introduction Computer control system is an approach that is used to control and monitor specific parameters of substances within laboratory settings remotely. The elements of a control system include two important parts; data acquisition instruments that enable monitoring of desired parameters and microcontrollers intelligent instruments that are essential for controlling the desired parameters (Hebert, 2007). In this paper we are going to briefly discuss the functioning system of one control system used in regulating temperatures for liquid substances among other variables in a laboratory setting; the iControl system. Advantages The advantages of using iControl systems within laboratory settings are many and numerous; most important is the fact it enables control and monitoring of key variables in a laboratory environment that might pose risk where hazardous substances are involved (Hebert, 2007). In addition, the iControl system enables monitoring and control of parameters over long duration of time thereby saving on costs associated with personnel that would have been required to achieve the same objective (Hebert, 2007). Another advantage includes the consistency of data collection and overall data quality that is detailed and well organized since it is computer generated (Hebert, 2007). Finally, automatic remote control and monitoring of parameters saves on time and effort that would be required by personnel to physically implement desired changes (Hebert, 2007). Design IControl is an advanced microcontroller system that is installed in a PC and capable of controlling and monitoring laboratory parameters wirelessly on a 400 MHz signal. In this case the iControl system is designed to control and monitor temperature variables of a hazardous liquid within a laboratory environment as well as other parameters such as smoke and light. The iControl software is run by Labview program that enables the system to function at the desired level, monitor parameters and control processes (Sparkfun.com, 2010). The essential components of an iControl design system are two microcontrollers, sensors, peltier heater/cooler, H-bridge, and Analog to Digital (ADC) converters. The type of microcontrollers used for this project is the ATMEGA328 model manufactured by Atmel, each with its own function; one is for data acquisition and the other is for adjusting desired parameters to function appropriately (Hudson, 2006). There are three sensors installed in the iControll system to measure the key parameters by detecting changes on specific variables of interest which in this case includes temperature, smoke and light intensity. The temperature variable is measured by LM334 sensor model which is essentially a Zener diode that is configured to operate at temperature range of -40 0 C and 100 0 C (Hudson, 2006). The
Environmental analysis is necessary to assess the position of healthcare organizations within their areas of operation. A common technique for this assessment is the SWOT analysis that examines the organization, its environment, and how they interact. The analysis considers factors on both the broader social environment and narrower competitive environment. The analysis examines strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats relative to the healthcare organization. This analysis should help the organization in the further development of its strategic plan. The strategic plan developed determines the public perception of the organization. The strategic plan adopted should be able to support the organization’s mission statement and reflects the strategy embodied in the strategic plan. According to Fortenberry & Fortenberry (2010), the organization’s main strength is the good reputation that it has earned through the provision of quality healthcare to its client. The organization also rides on the excellent location that it is stans because this ensures high accessibility by many people in its catchment. The healthcare unit has a good cash reserve and financial position; this ensures employment of quality personnel and equipment in their service delivery (Fortenberry & Fortenberry, 2010). The excellent laboratory is a plus in that it ensures proper diagnosis resulting inappropriate treatment. The occupancy rates are good ensuring that they cater to a considerable number of patients. The increasing cost of operating healthcare services results in increased charges to patients, thus reducing the patient numbers. Underutilization of some facilities in the hospital due to administration indecisiveness resulting in the institution incurring losses. Poor relationship among administrative and medical staff hampers service delivery (Fortenberry & Fortenberry, 2010). The board of trustees consists of very old individuals that can come up with innovative ideas that can make the company move forward. The institution should seize the opportunity to acquire other institutions to spread out its services in the region. Increasing population in this locality means more clients to the institution, so they should come up with a strategy to serve them better (Thomas, 2008). The new businesses that come into the institution’s location offer them the opportunity of serving their workers as corporate clients. The organization should do away with the underutilized sections of the facility by leasing out or selling to interested parties. The increased government regulation means that the hospital cannot offer other services because it does have prerequisite personnel and equipment (Thomas, 2008). Increasing healthcare costs result in a negative reaction from clients to the institution’s services. Increasing competition from other healthcare players means that the company must enhance its quality and reduce its charges resulting in low-profit margins (Fortenberry & Fortenberry, 2010). Currently the health institution majors in serving only the local communities especially the outpatient clients. There is a
Introduction This poem elicited a lot of controversies because the scene in the poem is now considered child abuse. Some critics have said they believe that Roethke was angry with his father. Others suggest ambivalence toward him. I believe we have to consider Roethke’s time and place, not our own, when we analyze this poem and remember the culture from which he came, the working classes in the early twentieth century in what was a poor section of the country when we read these words. Roethke’s papa may have been drunk and a bit rough with his boy, but there is no anger here and certainly not ambivalence, or the poem would not have been written at all. Poets do not take subjects about which they are ambivalent. In truth, this poem shows a lot of respect and genuine love for both his parents. It is a somewhat nostalgic memory of a home scene when the poet felt safe and warm. Meaning of verses Most criticisms stem from the mention of whisky in the first verse, and the fact that Roethke used the word “death” for how he hung on. This line says that he hung on with every ounce of his strength, and the connotation we give it is not there. If we match this to the last line of the poem, we see that he is “clinging” to his father’s shirt as his father waltzes him off to bed. This is not a memory of abuse. The poet would not use the verb waltz if he were angry. Waltzing is a happy word. The second verse paints a picture in which a small boy would take absolute delight: making his mother mad, but not having to take the heat. Their dancing shook her pans off the shelf. He would feel like he got away with something because she would blame his father and not him, so he would be free and clear to enjoy the spectacle of her face, which could not unfrown itself. We figure out how young the poet was in the next verse because his ear is only at the level of his father’s belt. We now have a complete picture of him and his papa, he is standing on papa’s shoes and clinging to his shirt, while papa holds his right wrist with a battered hand, and they are “romping”. Here we have another very happy word. Two people do not “romp” alone, it is a cooperative activity, and it has a very fun connotation. So the dancing has become a “romp”. The last verse uses another word that has elicited an outcry of “abuse”: beat as in “you beat time on my head”. I don’t think the poet was using this word in its isolated sense of beating, but rather, in its combined phrase sense of “beating time”, which is no indication of the force of the blows. For all, we know it could be a light affectionate tap. The next line has no reason for being if we are expected by the poet to note the word “beat”. It shows that his father worked hard and may have only just come in from work. His hands are caked “hard” with dirt. His hands were not merely dirty, but they were habitually dirty or they would not be “caked hard”. We get the image here that even when his hands are clean, working in the dirt made them hard. This was a man who worked very hard to support his family, and this was respected in his culture. To Roethke, this was a telling detail that pointed to his
Abstract Teenagers today confront coping with a broad spectrum of influences on decision-making and behavior. Prescription medication abuse by teens and young adults is a serious problem in the United States. Many teens think these drugs are safe because they have legitimate uses, but taking them without a prescription to get high or “self-medicate” can be as dangerous – and addictive – as using street narcotics and other illicit drugs. [1] There are several studies that have proven beyond doubt that several such influences have potentially negative effects on growth and development. Besides drug abuse has also become a serious problem. There are several reasons contributing to the fact that some of the individuals particularly the youths are trapped in these negative moral influences. The lack of healthy parental guidance and monitoring is one factor that is contributing to the increasing numbers. Several studies suggest that conditions such as poverty, unemployment, poor education, discrimination, and despair lay the foundation for alcohol and other drug-related problems. A coordinated effort from the family, schools, and society is essential in order to create willingness among individuals for a change. It is also important to focus on increasing the skills or abilities of teenagers and it is equally vital to focus on changing and improving social systems that create these conditions. This paper will examine teen drug abuse in today’s society involving prescription drug abuse in the medicine cabinet and also suggest some remedial measures that need to be taken to prevent teenagers from these self-defeating habits. Introduction Drug and alcohol abuse is a common problem around the world and teenagers are mainly facing this problem of decision making and behavior. Many teenagers’ social environments have been linked with participation in potentially “at-risk” behaviors such as the use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana (Hundleby and Mercer, 151-64). Globally, drug abuse is also linked with street gangs and drug trafficking and has become a major cause of concern. The most vulnerable sector in society is the youth. While some communities acknowledge difficulties in dealing with the teenage problem, they fail to concede that they have a problem until the gangs become firmly deep-rooted. Trade-in drugs of abuse such as cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines (synthetic stimulants) have long been
In all organizations, supply chain management plays the pivotal function of ensuring that products and services are availed whenever they are required in a manner that will sustain the increasing number of products that need to be availed in the market. Such sustainable ways require incredible observation of quality standards in the supply chain operational strategies that are deployed by an organization. This paper proposes a research on how quality can be factored in a supply chain for use by Maersk, which is a case example of organizations that deploy quality supply chain management strategies. The selection of Maersk for discussion of quality in supply chains management is driven by the findings that the company is able to execute its supply chain functions in highly effective and efficient ways. In fact, Maersk has managed to ensure on- time arrival of its cargo together with cargo departures at accuracy levels averaging at 90 percent. It has also been able to deploy recent technologies in cargo clearing and forwarding among other methodologies that have enabled the organization to supplement its daily activities in helpful and competent ways. For an organization engaging in logistics and supply chains, increasing the number of products and service lines complicates the supply chain strategies so that it becomes hard to have an efficient tracking of all services and goods from the place of origin to their place of delivery. Therefore, increase of the products and service lines has the effect of compromising the quality of supply chains. Maersk is one of the organizations that handle a wide range of products and services while at the same time observing and maintaining quality as a competitive strategy. This aspect makes Maersk an outstanding case example to study quality in supply chain management. To investigate the aspect of quality in supply chain management at Maersk, the research will discuss various supply chain and logistics solutions that are provided by the company. According to Strachowski, these solutions include “customized solutions for integrated supply chain management, warehousing and distribution, custom house brokerage, air freight, as well as NVOCC services through their subsidiary DSL Star Express” (Para.3). To enhance these activities, Maersk continuously develops v