ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introducing ROTA Reach Out To Asia (ROTA) is a non-governmental charity institution. The organization was founded ten years ago, in the autumn of 2005 by Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, the current Emir of Qatar (“About ROTA” par. 1). Reach Out To Asia operates on the basis of another organization, called Qatar Foundation, which was launched ten more years ago, in 1995. That is a private non-profit institution with similar missions and goals. Both Qatar Foundation and Reach Out To Asia promote the idea that “a nation’s greatest resource is the potential of its people”, so their primary goal is to increase that potential and improve the community welfare with the help of better education provided by educational centers (“About ROTA” par. 3). As for ROTA, the organization promotes the idea mentioned above focusing on different parts of Asia. This focus has been chosen in view of the fact that many of the Asian countries are neighboring to Qatar; besides, much of Qatar’s population is made up of immigrants from Asia – more than the half of the country’s expatriate community are individuals with Asian origins. Hence, Qatar people understand the culture of Asia, as well as the needs of this part of the world, which gives them the opportunity to meet those needs best of all. Presently, ROTA operates in ten different countries: Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Syria, Cambodia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Lebanon, and Palestine (“What We Do” par. 3). Some of them currently live in war or postwar conditions, others have experienced natural disasters in the near past, many are recognized as one of the poorest countries in the world. Considering crises and developmental difficulties in the countries mentioned above, ROTA tries to help people to overcome these obstacles and provide them with the opportunities to get proper primary and secondary education. To ensure qualitative education in crisis settings, the organization improves teaching techniques, provides new educational tools, contributes to the expertise among teachers and does all possible to make sure that schools prepare children for “the realities of local and global economies” (“Our Missions and Goals” par. 1). The organization reaches its goals with the help of local communities, partners, and volunteers (“Our Missions and Goals” par. 1). I have chosen ROTA for the case study since I find its objectives and tasks interesting and noble and would like to know more about this organization. The Undergoing Projects of ROTA Currently, ROTA has active projects in such countries as Iraq, Nepal, Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Indonesia. In Iraq, that is the project called Change Peoples Lives Through Education. It is implemented in five particular schools in Bagdad and aimed to improve the teaching skills of 150 educators, add sports activities, and promote the Arabic language (“Change Peoples Lives Through Education” par. 4). Project Teacher Quality Improvement in Indonesia focuses on teaching skills as we
Intangible assets are those assets that cannot be seen, in the past it has been difficult to value them since they lacked production cost and their value was not quantifiable. Either way, these assets are ever present in the many organizations, both profit making and non profit making. It is crucial for intangible assets to be measured since they play a major role in a firm’s aggressive sustainability. Also, some scholars believe that these assets are the backbone for a company’s growth. That being the case, there is a challenge of valuing them. Companies like CPA/ABVs have been created to specifically measure intangible assets. Examples of these assets include trademarks and copyrights (King & Wiley, 2006). There are about four ways of measuring intangible assets, but the one that is commonly used is the discounted cash flow method. In this method, intangible assets are valued according to how much money these assets will generate when put in use. This value should include taxes arising from the implementation of the asset, the risks involved, the cost of acquiring the assets, roles played by auxiliary intangible and tangible assets and finally the discount fee. This method is particularly used to measure the value of assets like expertise, computer programmes and franchises. The reason why this method is popular is because it does not require volumes of paper work to figure out the value and also it does not require highly skilled accountants to compute. Also, judging from other methods, this one appears to be more accurate and more focused on the future (King & Wiley, 2006). However, since valuing of intangible assets is subjected to biasness, it is of at most important that more than one method be used. Using more than one method will lead to a more believable and a convincing value. To give an example, the avoided cost method takes into consideration of what the value of an asset might have been in the past, but it does not include what its value will be in the future. To do that you will need to use the discounted cash flow method (Reilly & Schweihs, 2004). The importance of valuing of intangible assets has been rapidly realized by companies all over the world. This is because the methodologies applied can be used to calculate the historical advancement value, potential value in the future and the economic value on tangible goods. Also, it justifies companies to charge consumers the cost arising from using intangible assets (Reilly & Schweihs, 2004). Due to the application of methods of measuring intangible assets, it has brought some changes in the way trade is carried out. At the moment, intangible assets are recognized from a consumer’s viewpoint. Nevertheless, in the recent time
Although the main objective of business organizations is making profits, it is in the interest of any business organization to observe high levels of ethical conduct. Many organizations have, in the past, set precedents of how unethical behaviour has detrimental effects on the welfare of the organizations. Time has proven that companies that do not value Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are disadvantaged to a greater extent than their socially responsible counterparts. Thus it is clear that although social corporate responsibility is viewed to be for the benefit of the community, it arguably benefits the organization that practises it more than the community in which it is implemented. The area of concentration of social responsibility programs depend on the needs of the surrounding community and the operations of the organization (Kotler, 2005, p. 20). This paper highlights health, environment and living standards as the key areas that need to be addressed by organizations in the manufacturing and service provision industries. It is of great essence for any organization to operate in a way that safeguards the health of its customers and the surrounding community. Indubitably, any customer prioritizes his/her health in purchasing products. This implies that any company or organization that supports the health of its customers will attract a large number of customers (Thompson, 2005, p. 1). This undoubtedly translates to greater revenue and less expenses since more customers mean more sales and thus more revenue is generated. On the other hand, more customers mean that less money will be spent on advertising and uncooperative consumer behaviour. For instance, a food manufacturing company will have many consumers purchasing their products if the products are manufactured in a healthy way (Werther, 2006, p. 13). This could be in terms of the level of cleanliness in the company, the ingredients that the company use to make their products and so forth. With this kind of a discussion, one wonders why some companies are still disreg
Brief review The article is aimed to discuss the increasing tendency of using outsourcing strategies within the companies. Companies in the automotive and high-tech spheres have long been active customers of outsourcing services. Contract manufacturing and logistics outsourcing has become general in manufacturing and high-tech companies. It is stated that IT is the most generally outsourced procedure in the manufacturing and high-tech spheres, followed by customer care policy management, then finance and executive sphere processes. Measuring outsourcing success is usually dependent from respondents in the automotive and high-tech spheres again were comparable to the overall retort extents. 67% of respondents in these spheres – in comparison with 70 percent in general – classified cost decreases as the key means to calculate outsourcing achievement. It is also should be stated, that Firms are looking to retort to the cost-saving attempts to fund makeover efforts as well as shift sources to more tactical actions. This article fully supports the idea of outsourcing, and claims, that the contemporary circumstances of business development dictate the necessity of developing the strategy of outsourcing. This paper is claimed to define the reasons why companies are interested in developing outsourcing strategies and how it can be applied to work for the benefit of companies. Actually, outsourcing can be defined as “the tactical use of outside sources to arrange activities generally handled by inner staff and sources”. Sometimes regarded also as “facilities management”, outsourcing is a tactic by which a company contracts out central functions to particular and effective service suppliers, who become estimated business partners. The article supports the idea, that corporations have always employed contractors for various types of work, or to level-off crests and troughs in their workload, and have initiated long-term contacts with companies whose opportunities harmonize or misbalance their own. Nevertheless, the dissimilarity between simply complementing resources by “subcontracting” and real outsourcing is that the latter engages extensive restructuring of exacting business activities entailing, often, the relocate of staff from a host corporation to an expert company with the necessary key competencies. There are some critical elements of a well planned outsourcing strategy. The accent from the start should not be on who gets the best deal, but on consulting and discussing the strategy, and on negotiating a rational agreement for both parties. As each component of the outsourcing agreement is ruled by the contract, both the company and the provider need to attain absolute agreement. Both parties need to attain consent on matter resolution. The client association and the provider enter into a contractual concord that clarifies the services. Under the consent the supplier obtains the means of manufacture in the form of a transport of people, assets and other
Introduction Following hefty improvement in production technologies and technological knowhow, personal computers became largely affordable. Many people thought that education could evolve and get enhanced better leading to the emergence of a super smart population. The global society may not have precisely accomplished this. However, technologies that are available to students and teachers have rapidly evolved compared to the period in history when even low speed desktop computers were hard to use. With this insight, the question that remains is whether educational technologies have a role in enhancing the quality of education. For the purpose of discussions of this paper, the term educational technology means “ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources” (Richey, 2008, p.24). Educational technology embraces but also goes beyond the use of internet applications, hardware, software, blogs, and other tools and instruments that enhance free and fast flow of information. From this perspective, amid considering various arguments and counter-arguments for and against the roles of educational technologies in the modern society in improving learning in schools, the paper argues that educational technologies can serve to improve learning. Role of educational technologies in improving learning Endeavor to improve education has always been a challenging one. For this reason, people have conducted test scores besides making comparisons of perceived performance of a nation’s education against other nations. This has resulted to pushing education to the forefront of the state level politics. In this context, improvement of education ranks right behind concerns of healthcare reforms (Scherer, 2004, p.37). Given this intense need to increase the quality of education, deployment of educational technologies can greatly aid in making learning and teaching a success. However, it is important to note that technology does not act in similar manner with physical mechanisms of improving learning. For instance, while smaller classes are preferred for effective learning, making use of technology to enhance education cannot act in such a similar manner. In support of this line of argument, Jonassen (1997) reckons, “technology can be a “force multiplier” for the teacher: Instead of the teacher being the only source of help in a classroom, students can access web sites, online tutorials, and more to assist them” (p.67). As physical classes would be over as the day ends, “…assignments and teacher’s resources are always available online via web resources” (Soni, 2004, p.45). This means that students can access the information they require at any time they need it. Additionally, students can request for tutorial aid at time they feels like from the teachers or even from online collaboration. Moreover, technology can greatly enhance the parental involvement in fostering learning which results in greater educational achievements of students. The roles of technology in fostering the involvement of parents in education is perhaps relevant by considering th
Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 is associated with the shortage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) supply in hospitals. This problem should be analyzed from ethical and cultural perspectives. From the ethical perspective, it is necessary to determine obstacles affecting the medical community’s response to the issue and how the PPE shortage can influence the quality of services. Important ethical and legal aspects include the obligation for medical workers to perform their responsibilities in complex situations. From the cultural perspective, it is critical to identify cultural values influencing the PPE supply and state how the staff’s views can influence using PPE. Risks are observed when medical workers doff or ignore PPE. Introduction The usage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by medical workers is the necessity predetermined by COVID-19. However, it is possible to observe the signs of the inadequate PPE supply in hospitals. When discussing this issue from the ethical perspective, it is essential to find the answers to the following research question (Level 1): What ethical obstacles affect how the medical community addresses the issue? While referring to the specifics of using PPE, it is also important to formulate one more question (Level 2) covering ethical issues: How can the lack of PPE affect the quality of services? The analysis of the problem from the cultural perspective also requires focusing on the following major question (Level 1): Which cultural values and/or norms influence the issue? To ensure that the analysis of the cultural aspects is complete, one should set an additional question (Level 2): How can healthcare professionals’ cultures and views influence their usage of PPE? Despite the fact that the PPE supply is guaranteed today, certain ethical issues and cultural specifics influence the problem because of challenges associated with ethical obstacles and healthcare providers’ views regarding the use of PPE. Ethical Perspective of Inquiry Ethical Obstacles Affecting the Medical Community’s Response to the Issue One of the ethical challenges associated with the PPE supply in hospitals in the era of COVID-19 is the decision of medical workers to perform their duties and responsibilities in the situation of the lack of masks, gowns, and gloves. If there is a shortage of PPE in a hospital, healthcare providers are expected to resolve the ethical question and perform their duties being unprotected from the risks of contamination (Maguire et al., 2020). The problem is that medical employees have a specific ethical duty to deliver high-quality care to patients, in spite of the fact that the lack of PPE creates additional challenges and risks for both the staff and patients (Patel et al., 2020). As a result, in the situation when patients require healthcare providers’ assistance, the response of the medical community to the shortage of PPE can be negative. Another ethical obstacle is associated with certain legal issues and obligations of medical workers. On the one hand, if medical employees provide care a
Introduction Basketball is a healthy game played on an indoor court. The game is played by throwing a puffed-up ball over the heads of the players; the ball goes down through one of the two baskets dangling at each end of the court. The participating teams are usually made up of five players each and the winning team is that which gets many shots. If both teams have equal points, overtime is issued to get a winning team (Bonsor 2). The game is played for recreational purposes in colleges, high schools and in other institutions. In addition, it is played professionally especially in Europe and the United States; some of professional leagues formed are the Olympic Games, the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the National Basketball Association. Basketball has grown to be one of the most popular and commonly viewed sports globally (“basketball basics” 2). History Basketball game was invented by James Naismith in 1981 when he was working as an instructor at a Springfield college, the YMCA training school. The first game was played using a soccer ball, the basics of playing hockey, soccer and football were used, peach baskets were wooden and fixed on the walls and each team had nine players. Basketball started as an indoor game for the students during winter and later it became a fashionable and a relaxed outdoor game. Later, the game spread to other United States colle
Product price at different retailers The process of marketing Aero Nestle chocolate bars in Canada demanded allocation of various prices in different retail outlets. Product differentiation and packaging appearance strategies have also been adopted to market the product. Various outlets are retailing the product with slight price differences in order to convince customers into buying them. Moreover, the customer friendly adverts provided in the Appendix had positive impacts to the firm’s revenue. The adverts have cleared the suspicion that customers believed that most marketing campaigns are just mere scams intended to blackmail them [1] . The Candy land stores retails Nestle Aero milk chocolate at $2, Amazon marketplace retails Nestle aero mint chocolate at $2, Cost Plus World retails Nestle aero peppermint at $2, and the Christmas Central Retail Store sells at $3. All these stores have adopted close price ranges for the product given that customers go for lower price. The highest price of $3 adopted by some stores is a marketing tactic because they offer after sale services which other stores do not offer as a result of higher marginal cost of doing it. This has actually positioned the marketing of Aero Nestle product for customers to access them. Pricing strategy Pricing strategy is defined as a distinctive strategy where marketing team adjusts the price of its products basing on the cost of production, distribution and the price offered by the competitors. The Nestle Chocolate Bars have adopted this strategy by pricing their product based on the competitor-based pricing policy and setting prices on the same margin with its competitors [2] . This is evidenced by the graph in the appendix section showing how Nestle intensive pricing strategies generated high revenues within a short period of time. The Nestle intends to intensify the marketing of the Aero Nestle products because of the stiff competition offered by rival firm in the same industry Fine-tuning price tactics Fine-tuning tactics are strategies meant to convince customers to buy more of a product. These tactics adopted for the Aero Nestle are the quantity and functional discounts. Quantity discounts are offered when customers buy more and get their prices reduced by a specified margin which vary in different retail outlets. The functional discounts are offered to the retailers and distributors so that the final price offered for the product is customer friendly [3] . A company will benefit from the increased turnover and high customer base. Moreover, fine-tuning tactics should be exercised after undertaking a thorough competitive intelligence so as to gather all the necessary data. Without such an exercise, a firm can find itself offering huge discounts hence lowering their long term revenues. On the other hand, without discounts may make the product expensive thus swaying away potential customers to rival firms. Comparative summary of prices The main long time competitor
The elements of a religion such as belief system, sacredness and rituals have become some of the most important components that relate humanity to moral values and spirituality. While religion encompasses worldviews, belief and cultural systems, they differ in various cultural backgrounds. Law (2012) indicates that this could be attributed to variations in belief systems of different religions. Some religions emphasize on religious community activities. There are those that focus on subjective experiences while some on beliefs. It is against this backdrop that this paper analyses the elements of religion in Christianity and examines whether or not these elements are displayed in new religious movement called scientology Christianity and the elements of religion: Christianity and belief system There is growing debate on whether Christianity as the religion that has many followers in the world today displays the element of a belief system or not. Opponents indicate that Christianity is not a belief system since its essence is Jesus Christ and that it does not propagate an ideology. The argument hinges on the notion that Christianity is dynamic, inherent in Jesus and does not conform or demand conformity to a database of doctrine or a belief system. Gillespie (2012) echoes the argument that this religion is unique and does not reflect commonality of creeds, consensus of doctrines and a standardized kind of a belief system. On the other hand, Christianity as a religion is considered to be a belief system based on the life and teachings of Jesus. These teachings found in the Bible show God’s saving plan for humanity through Jesus Christ. In this belief system, Christians are also made to believe that demons and angels exist and that they (Christians) are partners with God in accomplishing God’s purposes. Christianity and community Christianity has strongly displayed the element of community over the years through sharing in fellowship and worship in churches. Paul in the book of Ephesians 2: 14-18 asserted that through the blood of Jesus, those who were separated from God have been reconciled to him. Besides, the groups that were not united such as the Jews and Gentiles are now united into one community. This is clearly manifested today in Christianity as Christians of different races, nationality, degrees of sin (little or many), rich or poor, of differe