ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Christianity is one of the world religions. The Christian practices have been changing throughout their history. The social and historic events influenced the Church and the Church influenced the political process in many countries as well. There were certain reasons for the changes in the Christian practices as well as the certain direction of these changes depending on the context. The history of christianity and the major changes in its practices The history of the Christian religion began in the period of the disintegration of the Greek-Roman Empire. That period was also characterized by the religious instability. In the early stages of its development, the Christianity was represented by the separate communities consisted of primarily the poor people. At that time the development of Christianity was based on the common idea of the virtue and compassion which united the people and gave them the hope for the achievement of happiness and freedom. “Traditional Christian beliefs include the belief in the one and only true God, who is one being and exists as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and the belief that Jesus is the divine and human Messiah sent to the save the world” (“Christianity” n.pag.). The view of Christianity on the education and work can be found in the words of Abba Arsenius, one of the Desert Fathers. Abba Arsenius mentioned that we essentially got nothing from secular education but rather acquired virtue by hard work (Ward 9). The Christians believed that the labor and hard work were vital for being saved. They considered the laziness as a sin and encouraged everyone in the community working and making their own contribution to the community well-being. The work was thought to be a virtue as Abba Arsenius said. In the II century, the wealthy people began actively join the Christians. At that time, the complete break-up of the Christianity with Judaism occurred. First of all, the Christians rejected the Old Testament. Secondly, the Church organization had been developing at that time. Undoubtedly, these facts contributed to the first changes in the Christian practices. The Bible including the chapters from the Old Testament as well as New Testament became the sacred text of the Christians. The sacred texts were considered the guidelines for right doing and the faithful life. In the Sayings of Desert Fathers , we can find what Abba Anthony said on how we could please God. He mentioned three most important rules which the Christians should follow including the acting in accordance to the tes
Introduction Released in 1992, Romper Stomper follows the exploits and eventual demise of an Australian skin-head group who claim to be neo-Nazis. The plot follows the line of a number of various incidents whereby the group targets Vietnamese immigrants who appear to be taking over their working-class suburb in Melbourne. There were no recognizable historical characters present in the film, however, the main character is said to be based on a neo-Nazi leader of the 1970s. The events depicted in the film are also said to of happened in Melbourne during this same time period. Context Romper Stomper (1992) is particularly controversial due to the fact that the protagonist believes in the ideologies of Nazism. It is very brutal, racially violent and sometimes it even crosses the line of extremities. The film was made in 1992, at a time when Australian society was just beginning to accept other cultures. The time period in which it was made has an enormous impact upon the viewpoint of the film. In the early 90s, there was still a lot of hate-fuelled violence happening in both Melbourne and Sydney (and still is today), with the Vietnamese being victimized by it. It could be assumed that the detestation for this culture had stemmed from the Vietnam War, where most of the fathers of the leaders of these neo-Nazi groups had died in. The message of the director was pure and simple and is reflected in the American film entitled American History X (1998). This message is: “Life is too short to hate”. The director wanted to show a sub-culture within society that has its own beliefs due to the Vietnam War, which Australia should hav
The University of California, Los Angeles was one of the universities that enrolled students in the athletics department. The school had to cater for the athletics department expenses. Although they got some sponsorship, they still had to cut down the budget. Opportunity cost is the benefit that an individual or an institution loses for having taken a different decision or choice. The administration decided to eliminate ten scholarships in men’s swimming team and admit ten more tuition-paying students. It is correct to say that the opportunity cost is the foregone revenue from the ten paying students (Finley 20). The UCLA School has been promoting the athletics department and ensuring that they get scholarships for the students tuition needs. The athletics department was supposed to support the university. It was also supposed to raise some funds for the department and the school through the sporting activities. For the last four years, the athletics budget has been increasing rapidly. The two digits increase in student tuitions has also led to the rise in the sports budget. It has made the costs of managing games to keep going up. The athletics fans in Los Angeles would only support a team as long as it is winning in the competitions. They quickly withdrew their support when the team was losing or seen as a loser. It is, however, different in Texas and other places where fans have a passion for their team whether it wins or loses (Finley 20). The fans portray their liking or dislike through their purchase of tickets in Los Angeles. The pressure became too high for the athletics department to handle. The reduction in the purchase of tickets with the plummeting expenses could only lead to small cash (Finley 20). The school could then start making losses. They started monitoring all the unit costs and revenues. They advised the coaches to watch their hotel bookings and transportation costs. Thus the pressure to reduce costs was high. The fans’ change of heart all the time would lead to the loss of passion in the game. The athletics department was supposed to raise money through the sporting activities so that it could provide scholarships for tuition. The decision seemed to be good, but it depended on the university’s funding and the fans base support. The management had to find a better way to cut down or minimize the department’s costs. They needed to get back to profitability whichever way. By choosing to remain with the Athletics team the way it was with the increased tuition fee, they would continue to make losses. If they maintained the ten scholarship men in the swimming category, the opportunity cost was the foregone revenue from the ten would be paying students (Finley 20). There are two ways of looking at the opportunity cost. One is the alternative paying students that would replace the scholarship swimming men’s team. The benefit of the tuition-paying students is that they help to reduce the losses gap
Introduction Over the past decade, the global economy has undergone numerous changes. The effects have been experienced in different sectors of the economy. For instance; the banking industry has undergone numerous transformations in its operation. These changes result from the macro and microenvironments of the banking industry. The discussion of this paper seeks to identify the transformation that has been experienced within the US and UK banking industry from 1980 to 2007. Macro Environment Changes in regulation In the 1980s the US banking industry experienced increased transformation to the regulation of the financial institution by the Federal bank. For instance; there was a limit in the amount of loan the small banks were supposed to advance to their customers. This was fixed at 10% by the federal bank (‘Bank regulation and legislation ‘). This was through the incorporation of legislation that gave the financial institution the capacity to involve themselves with risky financial activities such as the issuing of loans for commercial purposes. The legislation also made it possible for financial institutions to invest in real estate. They could also receive deposits in form of checks. In the year 1984, the banks were allowed by the federal bank to acquire firms involved in a discount brokerage that had financial difficulties. The increased deregulation of the banks in the US by the federal bank resulted in a massive bank failure. This was experienced from 1985 to 1988 by the savings and the loan association where approximately 500 institutions collapsed. The U
Introduction Al Rahba Hospital is a healthcare facility that is located in Abu Dhabi. It was established in 2003, and is focused increasing the number of positive outcomes. The organization is incredibly prestigious, and has managed to receive a Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation. The quality department plays an important role, and as a result, is one of the primary reasons Al Rahba Hospital is so successful. Employees each have a defined set of responsibilities, and are focused on a goal of the constant improvement of productivity. The utilization of performance-measuring tools is vital in such facilities, because such tools are designed to help to identify problem areas that need to be addressed (Saba & McCormick, 2015). It would be appropriate to review various aspects of the organization in order to get a better understanding of issues that are present, and the ways in which these issues may be addressed. Discussion Stakeholders The first professional who bears mention is a member of the Medical Executive Committee. It would be appropriate to inform this individual about all of the decisions and projects under consideration. The second person to consider is a part of the mortality and morbidity committee, and this specialist communicates with all the departments and higher-ups. All indicators and changes to operations must be discussed with the individual, in order to avoid complications and other issues. Next, a risk manager holds one of the most important positions in the organization, and other employees frequently consult with this stakeholder. Such professionals must establish long-term relationships with other members of the team, and a high level of trust is of utmost importance because healthcare professionals can deliver crucial information. A person responsible for the development of policies and focused on the validation of available data is also an important stakeholder, and will have enormous influence on the implementation of any project. It is necessary to discuss possible alterations to current policies with such specialists, and verify which instruments should be used to collect information. Relationships with CEOs are also crucial, because these are the people who decide if it is reasonable to implement a particular project or not. It is important to explain the
The polar bear is a native of bear found within the Arctic Circle that encompass the Arctic Ocean at the North Pole and the adjacent land. According to the observation of many scientists, this type of animals must have evolved from the ancestors of the brown bear. Polar bears are carnivorous, meaning that they are meat-eaters. Their most common food includes bearded seals, ringed seals and walrus pups. As a matter of fact, these creatures are reputed to be the largest meat eating animals worldwide. And alongside the omnivorous Kodiak, they are the largest in the bear family, measuring almost the same. On average, male polar bears are estimated to weigh between 770-1,500 lb, while females range almost half the males in size. According to Stirling and Archibald, owing to their unique body features and characteristics, polar bears have successfully adapted to living close to Northern Hemisphere’s farthest tip (127). Current, polar bears are distributed in five regions, that include: Greenland (Denmark), Norway, Canada, Russia, and Alaska in the US. These animals are covered with heavy fur allover the body, a unique feature that enables them to survive in extremely cold temperatures. Their fur constitutes of hollow guard hairs to avoid it from matting down while swimming in waters. The color of the fur would vary from pure white to something close to a yellow hue. The white fur is beneficial to the animals, considering the fact that they normally spent most of their time on the snow hunting for their prey. This plays a significant purpose in helping them avoid detection by their prey. This also serves as a key adaptation feature which makes the bears, and especially the cubs, less vulnerable to predator attacks (Derocher 168). However, apart from their fur being pure white, their skin is actually black and this is another distinguishing feature which enables polar bears to absorb much heat from the sun into their bodies. The habitant for polar bears would include both the sea ice and the land. Polar bears have very large fore paws with a diameter of about 12 inches and just like any other sea creature, their toes are webbed to enable them propel rapidly through the water. Polar bears are observed to possess poor eyesight, but their excellent ability to smell is applied to compromise their sight disadvantage, thus enabling them to survive well in their habitats (Atkinson and Stirling 231). The animals communicate with each other through sounds and body language. Other things which add up to their diet include vegetation, sea birds and their eggs and beach-cast carrion, among other food stuffs in the arctic. However, one surprising fact with these animals is that, despite them living in water, they don’t drink water. Liquids needed for their normal body functioning is attained from what they consume as food. Normally, a female bear gives bir
Introduction Free trade agreement between Colombia and the United States (US) is based on cardinal performance objectives that aim at promoting economic growth in the nations. The agreement has come at the right time when various nations are gearing towards forming strong economic blocks. The nations are keen to enhance their competitiveness and negotiation power on various issues about economic and social advancement. Indeed, nations that seek to expand their growth in terms of investment, production, and distribution of goods should join viable strategic trading blocks. This is essential since no nation can achieve its performance objectives in isolation. They need the input and support from other nations with the same level of passion and determination for growth. Scholars affirm that the agreement that has been signed between the US and Colombia is a major step forward in ensuring that the economies benefit from each other effectively. The agreement will facilitate trade, political engagement and international relations between the nations. This is evident since the agreement provides requisite guidelines that hold the capacity of fostering peace between the nations. In particular, the agreement is set to eliminate the existing bottlenecks that have been affecting trade and other activities between the nations. It provides a favorable environment that will advance smooth operations between the nations under mutual ideals. The agreement also seeks to ensure that the borders between the nations are opened to facilitate the smooth flow of goods. That is the opening of the borders is set to enhance importation and exportation activities between the nations. The objective of the foreign policy As noted, the trade agreement between Colombia and the US is an important step in promoting commercial activities in the nations. The agreement is to facilitate trade or exchange of goods through the elimination of trade barriers that have been impeding commercial activities between the countries. It is based on clear-cut policies and strategies that are economically oriented to ensure that its execution is well on course. According to the international trade commission (ITC), the agreement brings together two big economies in the region. This is evident since the US is a big economy that produces and suppliers a lot of goods such as wheat, beacon, barley, soybeans, and vegetables. Colombia also has a vibrant economy as it is ranked third best economy in Central and South America regions. This shows that the nations will greatly benefit from the new trade arrangement that they have signed (Platzer 2). The objective of the agreement is to eliminate the evident trade barriers that have been affecting importation and exportation of goods between the nations. This is essential in ensuring the improved exchange of goods through importation and exportation to manage consumer need
Regulatory issues, on one hand, have provided a solution to the problems of VOIP by raising the growth of the current version of the federal universal service program which asks for sustainment while on the other hand, regulatory policies have created dangers of alleviation to universal services unless assured appropriate action. Some of the common regulatory problems incurred by the universal services are the competition of VOIP to wire-line services and growth of VOIP include declining rate of supply of revenues, from which the fees are collected with an increasing demand for the fees. Although a government is free not to indulge itself in any Internet links whatsoever and to regulate telephone and other communication lines to access providers in other countries, nations like China, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates have taken the somewhat less severe steps of regulating access to the Internet through VOIP that require filters for in-state Internet service providers and end-users. An example is that of Germany who has chosen to hold liable Internet access providers who despite having access to affordable VOIPs expect the possible and reasonable cost to filter it. The Federal Communications Commission promoted VOIP by blocking technology to be placed in computers capable of receiving video broadcasting, the FCC pended anti-spam legislation which imposed identification requirements on commercial e-mail senders and filtering requirements on Internet service providers. Wire-line providers – What next? Although today VOIP rapid expansion has been able to give an edge to the market competition and social need of wire-line services, but still federal and state pro-competition policies are imposing threats to the viability of universal service programs. Regulatory forbearance policy’s usage has helped us in developing competition among wire-line voice services and VOIP services and has also let off the cable services from paying universal service fees. It is through this policy that VOIP has been able to acquire huge investment, but on the other hand, this policy has proven to be erosive in a sense that it has deteriorated the subscriber base of traditional incumbent wire-line providers who pay the bulk of the fees from which universal service funds are derived (Hammond, 2005). Payment Obligations on VOIP Service Providers Universal Service Regulation when imposed Universal Service Fund (USF) by FCC (Federal Communications Commission), it reported all related payment obligations on VOIP service providers that created many compliance problems for this industry. FCC has also discovered that despite creating ‘safe-harbour’ provisions, VOIP networks are making complicated the navigation of USF waters (Joyce & McLaughlin, 2006). Payment obligation takes place whenever there is ownership of facilities capable of applying without regard to whether the information moving via t
Introduction The “US department of health and human services” (HHS) is a government agency that endeavors to provide health services to citizens. Although it is a government agency, it does not offer equal attention in the provision of its services since it majorly targets the poor and the disadvantaged group (Novotny, 2006). The State has decided to allocate extra funds to this organization because of the nature of work it assumes. The agency participates in diverse activities that enhance an individual’s wellbeing. This document, therefore, provides some literature on roles, services selected, as well as the rationale for selecting such a service provided by the HSS agency (Novotny, 2006). The identity and roles of HHS agency The agency has earnestly worked towards enhancing its identity by incorporating numerous features. For instance, the HHS agency has branded itself by creating a logo that has helped to serve numerous purposes. First, the agency’s logo helps to communicate the agency’s values to other entities, therefore, making it possible for people to understand its goals. Apart from the communication of values, the logo helps to define and to represent the agency (Novotny, 2006). The key goal of the HHS agency is to promote the entire citizen’s health, especially the underprivileged. In clear terms, the US. government has charged the HHS agency with the mandate of overseeing all programs based on health. Sources specify that the US. public health service is a component of 42 subdivisions working to enhance an individual’s health. Some of the subdivisions engage in conducting research thus having a clear picture of the main causes of fatal diseases. The “Food and Drugs Administration” (FDA) is also among the subdivisions, which checks whether the food, as well as the drugs ready for consumers, are not contaminated (Hickman, 2003). It is necessary to perform an activity that checks the health status of the consumable products since such products pose detrimental effects to one’s life. Moreover, the department has established a subdivision whose mandate is to control, as well as to prevent the spread of communicable diseases (Hickman, 2003). The service selected It deems necessary to illustrate a health care product or service category that the HHS agency provides. In this case, it is necessary to focus on a service category rather than a product category. Apart from the many services provided by the HHS agency, Medicare, as well as the Medicaid programs, provides life-enhancing services. The Medicaid program, usually funded by the state provides medical services to petty income earners (Niles, 2011). This program compensates pharmacies fo