ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This presentation was prepared as an assignment for N3333, health promotion across the Lifespan. Target Population The presentation is meant to benefit largely older adults in America. The presentation can also benefit people working in care homes for the aged. They will gain competent knowledge on health promotion for older adults (Rahl, 2010). As American society is becoming more technologically advanced, older adults are also using the computer and the Internet more often. The online health promotion provided in this presentation is readily accessible to older adults. Health Promotion Objectives  1. To learn and adopt different forms of physical activity appropriate for older adults  2. To motivate older adults to create small teams in their neighborhoods to participate in different forms of physical activity within the community Relevance of Physical Activity among Older Adults to Health The overall goal of physical activity among older adults is to improve their wellbeing, function, and life quality. The relevance of physical activity is also related to the fact the population of older adults in America is growing at high rates. The group commonly referred to as “baby boomers” including people born between 1946 – 1964 became 65 years older in 2011 (Rahl, 2010). Physical activity among older adults offers diverse health benefits. There are concerns that a huge proportion of older adults are managing different chronic illnesses and linked old-age disabilities.
Service Delivery System This program is proposed as a federal service delivery system. To guarantee that this requirement is met and the policy falls within federal jurisdiction, it is essential to address four dimensions of the program. First, it is federal because outright money payments and strict control over implementation are required. Because veterans served the state, it is imperative to assure that they are treated with equal respect and provided with adequate care across the country. The federal government is the only body that has enough resources and authority to support this initiative. Second, it is a direct service delivery system, i.e. the government is the direct and only supplier of healthcare services (Sanborn, 2013). Moreover, a high level of centralization is recommended, as it is assumed that strictly centralized program control is key to its success. Finally, this initiative requires detailed actions and decisions, which are closely connected to the determination of eligibility (Birkland, 2011). Meeting these criteria would make the program a federal fall within federal jurisdiction. Financing of Policy Because this initiative is a federal program, the federal budget is the main source of financing. Here, the foundation for allocating resources is the Tax Code, as taxes make up the basis of the state budget, and are later redirected to funding healthcare needs (Oliver, 2014). Nevertheless, just like in the case of other federal programs, additional sources of financing are acceptable. For instance, necessary funds can be withdrawn from state and local budgets. Moreover, the role of powerful private organizations such as the American Medical Association should not be underestimated, as their donations can help fill the existing funding gaps (Barr, 2016). Another option is attracting private contributions to healthcare units constructions or seeking discounts for providing healthcare services to those, who fall within the requirements of the program (Gholipour & Rouzbehani, 2016). Even though the last two recommendations are not directly connected to financing the initiative, they are beneficial for guaranteeing its success and addressing the mental needs of veterans as well as making the program more easily accessible. Political, Administrative, and Financial Feasibility The political feasibility of a governmental program can be determined by estimating the current situation in the existing environment and identifying barriers and opportunities for introducing the change (Mason, Gardner, Outlaw, & O’Grady, 2016). As for now, the issue of veterans’ mental health is addressed by another federal program – Veteran Health Administration. Nevertheless, access to adequate care is limited. Moreover, some significant problems such as high suicide rates among veterans are not addressed on a nationwide basis (Bagalman, 2016). As for barriers and opportunities, the focus is usually made on the perception of implementing
Distinct models of government-business relations operating in China and Australia Australia China business council is an organization which purpose is to promote the business and trade between the two countries. Australia is helping Chinese companies to facilitate smoother and more secure trade and business. Australian related organizations are experienced in Chinese “culture, language, translation, trade, import/export documentation, trade fairs, business negotiation trips and training seminars for companies looking at dealing” (AustAsiaCo. 2007) with China and Taiwan. Australia has extensive expertise in helping companies’ source product manufacture product and/or establishes long term business “relationships in Australia and the Chinese-speaking world. With offices in both Australia and China, Australia is uniquely poised to offer exceptional and extensive services sufficient to help small to large businesses expand their market area or define their product line, whilst limiting cost and risk” (AustAsiaCo. 2007). On the other hand China also trying to develop business relationship with Australia, because of China is the largest export market and second largest “trading partner of Australia. At present China and Australia’s resource-rich state have carried out a series of large cooperation projects in the fields of energy and natural resources and also ready to work with Australia to bring the level of dual-track cooperation to a new height. China has also expanded cooperation in education and scientific research with Australia” (Ministry of Commerce of P.R. China. 2004). At the last visit of Chinese president “Hu Jinato” shown a great interest for establishing friendly relations, intensify high-level exchanges, and consolidate pragmatic cooperation between China and Australia (Xinhua News Agency 2007). Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Australia’s liberal model For the cold war the socialism has been weakened all over the world including China. In China socialist party still hold power, but China is now allowing privately owned business to grow again. This give an idea about the socialism with Chinese characteristics model operated in the government business relation in China. Australia’s liberal model is so fast for the government business relation than China. Australia is providing so much opportunity to it’s citizens and investors also. “Australia ensure that it’s government, of whatever political persuasion, will be guided by considered, honest advise based on rigorous analysis, sound knowledge of administrative practice and sensible precedent” (
Introduction Media is mainly a collective term referring to a wide collection of communication avenues or information storage facilities or in some cases both. Of concern however in this topic is the communication part of media which involves televisions, newspapers, and radio. It is important to realize that these are set up as businesses around the world. However, there are exceptions such as government-owned media stations. Having realized that most of the media around the world is profit-minded then it is to assume that most of what they publish must at least be profit geared to realize the intentions of the owners. (Yadav pp. 45). This essay is thus written based on the view that popular media is exaggerated for entertainment and profit. Media profits Most popular media around the world just as may have been highlighted in the first part of this essay is profit geared with the individuals behind the media hoses or any of these establishments seeking to generate some earnings at the end of the day. Thus to market them they first have to make them presentable and offer something exciting to the public. This excitement we should all agree is not triggered by a representation of facts as these are never as interesting. It is for this reason that the content has to be manipulated in a way that appeals to the general populace. In the actual sense, it is entertainment that helps the media realize profits as most people are in pursuit of happiness, and are willing to take that extra mile even if it will require them to flex their financial muscle. It is this bit that the media owners and personnel have come to realize and taken advantage of moving away from the traditional role of media which was mainly to avail information as it is to the general public. This is the reason why images are being used to represents individuals, this is not only entertaining but helps excite individuals as they acknowledge the level of creativity that these individuals have achieved. (Perkins et al pp. 68). This helps the media not only entertain but realize profits as t
In her work “Early Islam and the Position of Women: The Problem of Interpretation”, Leila Ahmed raised the question of the religious basis for the institution of patriarchal marriage in Islamic societies. By discussing the process of formation of Islamic laws, the author differentiated between the spiritual messages of Orthodox Islam and their legal implications. Ahmed explored various views on the standards of conduct prescribed by the Islamic ethic and pointed out at the problem of misinterpretation of the main messages of the sacred writings. Overview of the differences in positions of women in different Islamic societies leads to a conclusion that the law schools interpreted the sacred laws in different ways. Therefore, the legal articulation of the ethical norms prescribed by Quran is biased and can be under the influence of individual misinterpretation. The main claim made by the author is expressed in the paragraph discussing the necessity of agreement between different law schools with only insignificant differences in their articulation of ethical norms. However, the author pointed out at the differences in the position of women as the main counterargument to this claim. “Some of these ‘insignificant’ differences in interpretation, however, result in laws profoundly different in their consequences for women” (Ahmed 61). The paragraph that is cited above makes a critical point to the discussion of the assigned readings, because it addresses the issue of legal articulation of the ethical norms as the main underlying cause of differences in ethical norms of different societies and corresponding position of women. Women’s rights in Islamic societies a
Introduction Mangroves are woody plants that thrive in shallow seawater in coastlines and estuaries. The plants are salt tolerant and only within the last decade did scientists acknowledge their significance towards the marine environment. For instance, a Florida survey in the 1970s referred to the mangroves as “…freaks of nature… and a form of wasteland…” (Anon 2011 p. 1). The mangroves have been in danger from human destruction and their global distributions have been on the decline. During the past fifty years, mangrove distributions have been on the decline across the globe (Valiela, Bowen and York 2001). Experts predict that by 2025 mangrove distributions will be lost by twenty-five percent in the developing countries. The paradox of mangrove loss is that the mangrove ecosystems provide human beings and other species with many benefits yet the ecosystems continue to experience destruction year in year out. Human activities account and will continue to account for the largest reasons for mangrove loss in the world. In addition, climate change will also contribute to the loss of mangrove distribution. The essay paper is organized into four sections. The first section is the introduction and the causes of mangrove ecosystems loss in the world. The second section looks at the mangrove ecosystem benefits, the third section looks at the consequences of mangrove ecosystem losses, and the final part looks at the reaction to mangrove ecosystem conversion. The implications of the loss of the mangrove ecosystem such as food insecurity, loss of human life are discussed. The loss of mangroves has dire global implications. Disappearance of Mangrove ecosystems in the world The Mangrove ecosystems in the world are declining even though the rate has been on the decline lately. The coastal wetlands are disappearing due to anthropogenic reasons and the climate change and natural disasters. The statistics on mangrove losses are not conclusive but the available data shows that close to thirty-five percent of the mangrove forests have disappeared. The annual lose of the mangrove forests is estimated at 2.1 per cent annually and the highest lose is reported in the Americas at 3.6 per cent annually as shown in Table 1. The mangrove forests are the most threatened habitats in the world (Valiela et al. 2001). Table 1: Current mangrove swamp areas, per cent loss, annual loss rate, and percent of original area lost per year, for the mangroves of the continents and the world.              Current mangrove area (Km 2 )  % loss of mangrove forest area  Annual rate of loss (Km 2 y -1 )  % of original area lost per year Asia         77, 169                        36                              628                               1.52                             Africa       36, 529                        32                              274
Introduction Currently, the world has advanced with innovative technological applications in an embedded system built on platforms of single-board-based technology. Various fields and platforms have received an increased application of embedded systems, providing increased flexibility for interfacing communication protocols (De Micco et al., 2019). System-on-Chip (SoC) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have provided debugging tools to create newer opportunities and challenge the development of future improved system applications. The area of embedded systems has received massive development because of emerging platforms dependent on computers and embedded systems for controlling and monitoring all matters autonomously (Patil & Tupe, 2020). Embedded systems have played a vital role in various aspects of modern life, influencing wide-ranging sectors of individuals, including businesses and healthcare. Therefore, this paper aims at exploring various trends in embedded systems due to advancements in technology. An embedded system entails integrating technical and mechanical components, software, and computer hardware dedicated to performing specific tasks or sets of functions as part of a more extensive system. The majority of embedded systems require a meeting of real-time computing prerequisites. According to Medvedev et al. (2018), major components of an embedded system include integrated chips, printed circuit board assembly, industry-specific interfaces and protocols, real-time operating systems (RTOS), and microcontrollers or digital signal processors. The latest trends in the embedded system include SoC, IoT, wireless connectivity, power consumption, multicore processors, and operating systems. System-on-Chip (SoC) SoC represents the integrated circuit design revolution due to technological advancements that allow integrating crucial subsystems and components, making electronic products onto integrated chipset or single chip. SoC has reduced cost, size, power consumption, and increased performance capabilities. The development of real-time embedded systems has utilized these main factors (Patil & Tupe, 2020). Currently, the main SoC designs involve at least a programmable processor and integration of high-speed bus system, peripheral buses, on-chip communication structures processor bus, reduced instruction set computing (RISC) control processor, and digital signal processor. SoC processor
Behaviors begin with patterns of events, way of thinking, feelings, and actions. These actions are either healthy or unhealthy, and they both occur in patterns. The events that occur in our daily lives make us have additional thoughts and feelings which lead to actions. The feelings lead to thinking, and thinking causes more feelings which cause actions. It is not easy to stop an unhealthy behavior pattern than it is to a healthy behavior pattern. For instance, a healthy pattern occurs when a person feels uncomfortable with the way they feel, and thus decide to improve on their eating habit and do exercises. A person does this in order to feel better and happy. To change unhealthy behavior, we need to manage our feelings, way of thinking and actions. This paper focuses on the patterns of behaviors. Human beings tend to develop a sense of self through interaction with others. People respond to others either verbally or non-verbally. Through response from others, it is easy for an individual to know how he is doing, what is expected of him, his importance and how others identify him. Nevertheless, the way other person responds to an individual identifies the self. In addition, an individual discovers some things about themselves according to the responses given by others. The sense of self is developed when a person tries out a behavior such as change of dress, then receives reactions from others; reflects on reactions from others to know their meaning and depending on the meanings he either maintains or tries out other behaviors (Stark c.3). Dressing is one of the things that create ease for interactions. People usually guess what an individual’s role by just looking at what they are wearing, and thus they have an idea of the type of person they are about to communicate with. This helps individuals to change their actions towards others and they are able to communicate. However, the way individuals judge others just by looking at the appearance may be erroneous. Nevertheless, individuals continue to use appearance to base interactions and that is the reason why many people try to improve their appearance. Taking the role of others is essential because an individual places himself to another’s position to understand his own self from other peoples view. It helps a person to control his own response and to link him with arranged social processes. It is also viewed as self-criticism. In social exchange theory, people make social decisions according to the costs and benefits gained from other people. They assess relationships to know the gains they are likely to get out of them. Some leave the relationships when they learn that their effort and cost does not equal to advantages. Others are happy when they learn that they are getting more than what they are giving. Therefore, solidarity is maintained through reliance on each other. For example, social excha
Introduction While most of the citizens of democratic countries are governed by written and practiced laws, it is also seen that unwritten or tacit laws form a major part of our working and living lives. In his newspaper article entitled “how Written rules circumscribe our lives” Bob Greence dwells upon the strengths of tacit codes in our lives. Civic Sense and proprietary He discussed about the need to maintain civic discipline and conduct in public. These things include the need to speak softly in public places. He cites the example of how a man shouted at his partner while having food r in a restaurant. No matter what public position or justification this held, it intruded into the space of others and defies civic norms of public behavior and deserves to be condemned. He also cites the case of a person who uses to pinch the tips left by customers for bartenders before the poor man could collect it from the table. This man positioned him in such a position from where he was able to have a view of the tables and the tips left at the tables, and conveniently stole the tips meant for others. Such deviant behavior , according to Bob Greence defied social conventions and moral moorings. Unwritten law is an essential rule within society which needed to be obeyed. If people did not have good control over their emotions we would be no better than animals relying on their instinct, and not intelligence. The power of superior intellect and judgment are given by nature to humans for superior thoughts, actions and words and to a very large extent, determine his happiness and contentment on earth. People may tread on others and become wealthy and prosperous but never happy in its true sense. “People should be treated as individuals with rights to be honored and defended. Respect empowers others to claim their rights and to achieve their potential. Respect for the rights of other people is the basis on which individuals become members of a community and accept their social responsibilities to behave with integrity … Demonstrating respect for persons requires, for example, dealing with disagreements by reasoned argument rather than by using language (words, style and tone) that have the effect of inappropriately attacking or demeaning the listener.” (Code of ethics & code of conduct, 2010, para.11). Purposes of unwritten codes Unwritten codes need to serve three main purposes:  1. Represent respect for others in public places  2. Foster and gain a better knowledge and understanding of culture  3. Clarity and coherence in communicating thoughts and actions to others. While there may be codes and edicts that govern public behavior the dereliction of which could cause confinement, arrest and prosecution, besides other civil or criminal punishment. But the enforcement of these is also major aspects that need to be looked into. Even if written codes cannot be enforceable due to lack of witnesses or evidence, the unwritten or tacit codes could set the tone for justice and fair play. Thus if the unwritten law of respect for others are followed, it is possible that many violations could be avo