ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
‘The Chrysanthemum’ is a story by John Steinbeck. It is a story about Elisa Allen, a woman living through pain in the 1930s, isolated from the world both physically and emotionally by virtue of her sex (Renner 305). Stanley Renner, critiquing the story once wrote that “the story shows a strong woman held from social, personal and sexual fulfillment by the general conception/psychology of a woman’s place in a male-dominated world” (Renner 306). The description of the Salinas Valley; closed off “from the sky and the rest of the world” by “the grey-flannel winter fog,” which “sat on the mountains like a lid” such that it made the valley “a closed pot” (Steinbeck 1) prepares the reader for an encounter with Elisa Allen’s isolation. Because she lives far from town, Elisa hardly interacts with other peoples except for her husband; throughout the story, Elisa’s sexual frustration is reflected in the way that she slips in and out of feminine and masculine characteristics. But through the chrysanthemum, the symbol for Elisa’s femininity, Elisa becomes aware of her sexuality. Her husband simply refers to them as flowers as a way to put Elisa in her ‘place,’ but when the tinker comes looking for work, and she won’t give it to him, he resorts to describing her chrysanthemum in feminine poetic terms (Renner 315). Through the tinker’s interest in the ‘flowers,’ Elisa becomes content with her sexuality, her femininity, which finally brings her great solace, it appears she loosens up, taking off her hat and shaking her hair. After this, one hopes that Elisa will now rise to confront her feminity now that she is aware of the power of her own sexuality. Unfortunately, the story ends with Elisa resuming her old psychology, her conscious awareness of the perceived inferiority of her feminine, which is reflected when she can’t face the tinker on his way (with her husband) to town (Budnichuk). At the start of the story, Elisa Allen is a woman living through both geographical and emotional isolation (sexual hunger, for instance). The physical nature of Salinas Valley,” locked within a fog-capped ring of mountains and placed far away from town,” has locked her from the rest of the world (Owens 225). Besides her husband, Elisa hardly encounters other people, but within her is a hunger to assert herself in many ways, her sexuality, for instance, in the male-dominated world. Steinbeck’s vivid description of her character within the story setting indicates Elisa’s struggles in her marriage and her hunger to break through them (Budnichuk); thus, she is described to be like a plowed field “waiting to receive rain deeply” (Owens 226). But Elisa later encounters another man, the tinker; unlike her husband, who sees the chrysanthemum as merely ‘flowers’ and symbols of feminine weakness, the tinker sees them as symbols of feminine beauty and importanc
Introduction Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD) are used to store structured data in a database. This paper provides an ERD for an IT project by giving the case background, requirements, various relationships and the actual diagram for a real-life application. Database: Oracle 8 ER Tool: SmartDraw (SmartDraw, 2007) Background of the case XYZ Ltd. employs 625 sales personnel who incur expenses for work-related travel and entertainment. The expenses may go up to a few hundred dollars a day and these expenses and salespeople were required to submit their expense statement along with supporting documents every now and then. Expenses were reimbursed on the 20th of each month after the data entry team verified the statements and cleared the payment (Chian-Son Yu, 2005). This has placed a financial burden as expenses for a whole month had to be borne by the sales personnel. If the salesperson missed submitting the documents on the 20th for any reason, then payment would be delayed till the next 20th. Since the company reimburses only the principal amount, the interests for the pending amount had to be borne by the sales personnel. The strength of the system is that salespeople displayed more sincerity and honesty and while a small amount of padding of the expenses may have been done, there were no large-scale frauds. The system had imposed self-honesty among the sales personnel. The weakness is that the system caused a months delay in reimbursement of the expenses and this caused a financial loss for the sales personnel. In addition, the work of data entry teams seems to be substantial, as they have to enter the statement details of 625 sales personnel on almost a daily basis. This factor alone may be the cause of substantial delays besides large manpower requirements in the form of data entry operators, account people who would verify the entries and so on. Proposed Solution A new computerised system is proposed as a web-based system that allows sales personnel to enter details of the expenses incurred. The following sections provide more details of how the system would work. Since this is web-based, personnel can access it from any part of the country or the world. In the new system, employees would be identified by their employee number and this will be the primary key. Along with the employee other relevant details such as name, department to which the person belongs, grade and designation, etc. can be viewed. The system can also be integrated into any attendance registration or human resources system that the company has. The ER diagram is illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1. ER Diagram of Web-Based Expenses Management Application (Naughton Patrick) The following table provides information about the entity, relationship and attribute. Table 1. The information about the entity, relationship and attribute. Entity             Relationship                                                                                                                                           Attribute
Introduction Correctional education is as challenging and as interesting as any other form of study dedicated to developing and improving systems. This paper shall try to find the essence of the study conducted by university professors Lora Bex Lempert, Suzanne Bergeron, and Maureen Linker on “Understanding Women”, inside prison walls and in the university. Discussion The study was conducted by the three authors at a local correctional facility for women from 2003 to 2004 as supported by the American Friends Service Committee and the University of Michigan-Dearborn using 33 participants and offering “Understanding Women” that mirrored the same courses taught at the university using the same texts, assignments and in-class exercises. The study reflected on prison security procedures and other experiences involved in teaching incarcerated women. It also examined the successes and difficulties of translating theory applications from a conventional university to a prison site. It went on to discuss the intersections of material conditions, privilege, and agency in a “layered account” format (Ronai, 1992) which is a narrative designed to represent an ongoing dialectic of an experience. The study used a series of records of the researchers’ own conversations about their prison classes which provided the basis for commentaries and analyses in the interplay between the unnamed speakers. The study began with the researchers tracing out the broader institutional contours of Michigan’s growing prison industrial complex from tax dollars competing with universities to popular perceptions of prisons, discuss the conflicts over the meanings of authority and safe space that form the researchers’ and students’ experiences with the correctional officers when entering the prison classroom as well as reflected on the paradox of the prison as a safe place for the students’ thinking and learning. One of the more apparent observations as being “forgotten women” and “invisible to the outside” sentiment of the prisoners was earlier confirmed by Shaw and Lee’s (2004) class textbook Women’s Voices, Feminist Visions. Another issue pointed out by the study was the “rules in prison” exerted by the guards who in turn have challenged the researchers’ legitimacy and authority, if not expertise as classroom space was being imparted. The researchers were treated as “nice ladies” that need protection at all times within the confines of their own classrooms. The notable yet unnecessary butting in and the reaction of the correctional male officers, likewise, reflect a continuing as well as free-world experiences on Women’s Studies as Kaplan and Grewal (2002) commented to be “embattled, ridiculed, dismissed and marginalized,” (p 67). As a safe place, or otherwise, some of the women prisoners actually admitted to having found independence within the prison walls as compared to a more brutal free world. The researchers found the reflective opportunity brought by the prison as a factor for positive teaching. However,
Adequate staffing has been recognized as a significant issue in the medical sphere, originating numerous concerns regarding the supply of clinical specialists. Of particular interest are the decreasing numbers of Medical Doctors (MDs) and Registered Nurses (RNs), who play a primary role in creating a high-quality healthcare environment. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) published a disturbing statistic demonstrating the limitations in the supply of MDs and RNs, reporting an expected lack of approximately 46900 to 121900 physicians in the US (AAMC, 2019). In addition, Drennan and Ross (2019) suggest that the global demand for nurses will increase by 2030, while the number of available nursing personnel will remain insufficient. Considering this evidence, it is clear that the current supply of MDs and RNs is inappropriate for providing the necessary health coverage. Researchers have proposed analyses of the factors leading to MDs and RNs shortages to address the continuously increasing physician demands. Population growth has been considered a prominent aspect contributing to the issue’s development due to the elevation of patient numbers (AAMC, 2019). As the of citizens’ life quality elevates, more individuals require medical services, substantially increasing the demand for physicians and nurses. However, given that the medical program attendance remains the same, available MDs and RNs cannot cover the population’s growing needs (Buerhaus et al., 2017). From this perspective, the government officials sh
Executive Summary The case of the warehouse fire allowed learning about structures and elements required for ensuring safety in commercial and industrial buildings. It has demonstrated what type of weaknesses fire detection, protection, and suppression systems may have if the design and maintenance procedures fail to correspond with regulations. Studying topics like fire dynamics, properties of different substances, as well as ways of handling and organizing them, allowed developing recommendations for improving safety in the re-built warehouse. Water supply appears to be one of the core elements in the entire system. Characteristics such as flow from several directions, grid-type piping, and a network of valves allow ensuring pressure, quality, and quantity required for internal elements. Having a properly functioning fire pump is also very significant, as it determines whether the necessary amount of water would be supplied to the system. In-rack and ceiling sprinklers should be utilized in warehouses of this type to ensure a dense coverage of fire control and suppression activities. Water-based systems should be supported with those using foam, CO, and other substances, as there are flammable liquids and aerosols stored on racks. Smoke control strategies are also recommended to protect occupants from toxic gases. Much needs to be improved to protect and educate workers regarding fire hazards. Audible alarms should provide clear voice directions on how to act in case of an emergency. Some employees should be trained as fire brigade members that would be able to mitigate fire before it fully develops. The paper provides references to codes and standards that may be utilized in the future when designing a fire detection, protection, and suppression system for creating a safe working environment. Fire Pump Choice Choosing a proper fire pump requires an understanding of the facility’s building components and stored materials. In the reviewed case, large amounts of cardboard, cooking oil, plastic bags, and other combustible items allowed the flame to spread quickly, and the existing sprinkler system failed to control it from the start. Partially, it happened due to the low water pressure, which is a direct result of a foreign-made fire pump not functioning corre
Introduction The concept of an ideal life forms the core of utopia according to Saint Thomas More who developed it in the beginning of the 16 th century. His ideas follow the prevailing challenges in the social, political and economic situation of England at this time. In his book titled Utopia published in 1516, More shows different people in their vain attempt to achieve their ideals. In his utopian Book I, Moore conceptualized the idea of utopia out of strict adherence to moral and knowledge when he sailed to an island south of England. In his views, utopia refers to an ideal and imaginary island like the one they encountered during their voyage in the North. From the onset of his writing, More leant the importance of travelling not merely as of beauty but as an activity with meaning and appropriate justification to learn more from the environment. Utopian ideology embraces all areas of human life with the intention of bringing them happiness, power and creating expectancies. When Thomas More and his friends arrived in New Castle, Prince the ruler of the Utopian islands gave them a warm welcome and gave them all they needed to stay as they waited to leave for their next destination. Utopia Book I Thomson More thought out a land with plenty of resources in a highly productive land that had many inhabitants. Despite meeting difficulties in the first period of entry into the island, the situation gets better as they travel more into the sea. They get to see exciting places and meet people who receive them warmly. While travelling under the interest of Prince Henry the VIII, More meets Peter Giles and Raphael Hythloday who form the two main characters in his book. In this part we explore the utopia of happiness. According to Thomas More, the idea of utopia in Book I, a person(s) lives in utopia when they assume a state of merry physically or virtually away from their normal place of residence. In their daily struggle, every person seeks happiness and would even assume a state of happiness if they lack it where they stay. Many people create their own happiness in their minds to fulfill their longing for the excitement (More I 2). Raphael’s utopianism appears when his concerns of better conditions of living compared to those which prevailed at the time, as he illustrates the pictures of a place they visited in the past. More uses Raphael to illustrate the presence of a new location useful in marketing their non metallic material. He explains as though he had lived the whole of his life, many times in real
On reviewing the current educational governance system in the United States and as indeed in various other parts of the world, it has been seen that the system of governance is not entirely representative of the needs of the entire population with access to public education facilities. The state boards of education and the organizational structures thereof are lineated towards policies that are being formulated by bureaucrats, business powers and political outfits to suit their agenda and are thus impoverished of public participation as a whole. The academic hierarchy suffers from certain negativities, which also led to low morale among educators as their promotion is being guided outside of the criteria that should be used for judging such promotions. Citizens themselves are feeling alienated and there is a lack of trust in policymaker’s decisions because they believe that these policies might be guided out of the interests of other private interest groups such as bureaucrats, business houses or political parties. A change thereby is needed to ensure that the education imparted and the system as a whole is brought up to date with the current demands of the society and a greater horizontal span of management is introduced to ensure that the expression and alignment of public choice are incorporated in the system (Koontz, 2007). Currently the education system has a narrow span of management. It is needed that the system is reviewed and if started from scratch a wide span of management be introduced, with greater horizontal articulation and alignment, and greater representation of local authorities and parents and mature students. The recommendations of the local school groups are necessary because they are the best people to advise on the requirements for the social, psychological and academic development of local children. Therefore, ensuring that proper representation of the demographic can be used to draft norms and standards of education that would be representative and responsive. Thorough training of educators is to be established with clear delegation to undertake well-defined jobs. Everyone is to be made aware of his or her representation and responsibility. Verifiable objectives such as improved attendance, scores in reading and mathematics are to be set and each school appraised for achieving the same and for struggling schools to be encouraged and guidance provided when necessary. The educators, policymakers, local school authorities and the parents and students themselves have to be made accountable for their actions. Everyone should be aware of his or her duties and the consequences of their actions. Educators who succeed in achieving the set of verifiable objectives should be duly rewarded, repeated failures admonished, and if possible guidance and support provided (Martin, 2002). For the benefit of the students, it would be best if decisions regarding a child’s education were placed as close a
Overview of IBM.com By reviewing the website, the visitors meet only the desired results. The strategy, intent, and purpose are very clear because they contain ordinary and advanced search engines, especially when one would like more and in depth information from the website. For instance, IBM has incorporated the use of cloud computing in its system, this is supported by the fact that: “ whether you work remotely, manage remote teams, or need one place to bring colleagues, partners, and vendors together, our offerings help you transform your business into a social business ” ( IBM: Why IBM SmartCloud for Social Business 2012, p.1) Discussion On strategy, intent, and purpose, the primary action on each website is clear. For example, when examining a worksheet, the client wants to achieve specific tasks and goals when visiting and using the websites as the search engines. The website does not display the icon for identifying the well written and adequate graphical representations that a client may need to find out. However, the website allows the client to use keywords in finding such as software products. This means that there is no direct way of finding specific software products (Raskin 2000, p.63). Secondly, the website allows online shopping and buying of software products. The website even indicates software products, which are on offer and the savings in terms of percentage that the buyer would be entitled to when he/he buys the products online. Therefore, the websites address the client’s dilemma on whether he/she wants to buy the products online, request it from the library, or go a buy it in the bricks and mortar sto
The article “Older Dads More Likely to Have Kids with Autism” discusses the health effects of children inheriting genetic mutations from fathers above 45 years. The author highlights autism as one of the main outcomes of late fatherhood following the release of the results of a study involving the counting of the mutations corresponding to a father’s age at the time of conception. The author presents the conclusions from the study, which shows a positive correlation between a father’s age and birth of children with harmful genetic mutations. The author highlights a direct relationship in the number of mutations carried by a child and the father’s age. The article claims that paternal factors play the main role in influencing the occurrence of disorders relating to impaired development of neural functions in children (Diament, 2014). The author counters the view that old mothers are mainly responsible for the manifestation of autism in children. An evaluation of the results from studies on cases of autism in children fathered by men of different ages illustrates the effects of advanced paternal age on the risks of autism. Case Studies on Advanced Paternal Age and Autism An analysis of the data from a study on the role of paternal and maternal age in increasing the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) illustrates the relationship between advanced paternal age and ASD. The study relied on a sample from 10 study sites in the US earmarked for investigation by the Center for Disease Control. The study used registers detailing the complete paternal information of about 250, 000 newborns. The study presents about 1000 cases of children below eight years suffering from ASD whose paternal information shows risks of autism (Lamb et al., 2000). The study concludes that children fathered by men above 40 years have three times the likelihood of developing ASD compared to the third and later children fathered by men below 40 years. The researchers controlled factors such as the maternal age and education and prenatal environment to increase the sensitivity of the experiment. A study on the influence of parental age on neurodevelopment disorders conducted on Jewish participants illustrates the relationship between paternal age and ASD. The study involves establishing a pattern connecting paternal age and cases of ASD in children born with a scope of six consecutive years. Information on the parental age of a subset of the study population confirms the details from the registry of Internal Classification of Diseases, which identifies about 110 cases of autism in the subset under study (Durkin et al., 2008). The study concludes that there exists a significant association between paternal age and the probability of autism in a child. The study affirms that children fathered by men above 45 years have five times the probability of developing autism compared to children fathered by individuals below 30 years. The evaluation of the role of paternal age involves the control o