ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The analysis of the OAD case regarding two companies enables the students to understand the importance of management style in the overall performance of the organization. Those who will analyze the details pertaining to the case will come to realize that the management of a particular organization is dependent on leadership and management style of the top executive and how he or she deals with the different factors that affect the organization (Wasson, 2006, p.12). In this particular case it is important to focus not only on the management style of the two leaders but also on the different factors that contributed to the outcome of the bidding war. It is of great importance to learn from the lessons that can be gleaned from this study, especially when it comes to developing strategies to ensure the sustainability of the company. It can be argued that ACME was at the right place at the right time and they benefited from high demand of electronic products. But in an instant the circumstances can change so quickly and it may not favor them the second time around. Background Both Acme and Omega came from the same parent company. When the parent company was bought by a Cleveland manufacturer the buyer had no interest in the electronics division of the said company. Thus, this division was subsequently divided into two smaller companies based on the location of their respective manufacturing facilities. Thus, the facility located in Waterford, Pennsylvania became the Acme Electronics Company while the facility located in Erie became the core component of the Omega Electronics Company. The two investors retained the core personnel that were working at the time when they bought their respective businesses. But Acme promoted its general manager to President while Omega hired an outsider, to fill in the position of president of the company. In the former it was the promotion of someone who has known the electronics business for a very long time especially when it comes to the projects that both Acme and Omega are competing against. On the other hand Omega hired someone from a research laboratory. This professional background would play a major role in the development of Jim Rawl’s leadership philosophy that he utilized in dealing with the problems he encountered at Omega. The different approaches to hiring the top leader of the company can help explain why Acme surpassed Omega in all aspects of the business. Acme is more profitable than Omega. Acme can hire more people than its rival. This means that it is able to secure more contracts and expected to work on more projects as compared to Omega. However, both companies will be tested when they come across a project that forced them to build from scratch. Linkage to OAD This case relates to the issue of organizational structure (Daft, 2007, p. 99). It highlights the pros and cons of two types of organizational structures: the organic v
Communication can be referred to as the process by which messages get sent and received. I happened to experience two misunderstandings, one in college and another in the work place. In one of the misunderstandings, a secretary showed thumbs up sign to a colleague who had just acquired a job promotion from the assistant manager to the manager (Heath, 1983). The colleague was embarrassed as she thought that the worker was passing over an obscenity. The secretary however explained the implication of the gesture to her colleague. She did this through stating the dangers of misunderstandings, followed by a brief but clear explanation of the same (Griffin, 1998). She however sounded sorry and empathetic about her feelings when she received the message (Hall, 1969), but remained confident that she knew that the sign had no ill meaning whatsoever (Morris, Collette, Marsh, & O’Shaughnessy, 1980). Sender and receiver of the message in communication In this conversation, the secretary took the position of the sender whereby she originated the message and sent it to her colleague, who was the receiver. The message in the conversation was a gesture of goodwill and congratulations for the new position attained after the promotion. The channel used in the conversation was light waves, which helped the receiver decode the message through interpretation. Misunderstandings in communication The misunderstanding that occurred in this case was the idea that the receiver of the message thought that her colleague was being jealous and hence the insult. This was because the two ladies came from different cultural backgrounds and attached different meanings to given sign languages. This could be avoided by coming up with a common language in the work place. Another case of misunderstanding that I experienced was in a school set up where students received advice from one of the teachers after rampant cases of drug abuse. The sender of the message in this case was the teacher who passed on the message to the recipients. The students on the other hand, were the recipients of the message. Message The message put across by the teacher in this case was a piece of advice and counseling about the effects that drugs had on their health and life in general. The teacher began with a startling opening where he gave statistics of students who dropped out of school and lived reckless lives a
Summary of the Film The film GasLand is a documentary featuring exploring a place that has suffered from a new form of mining that had led to the water table becoming a volatile mix of chemicals and toxic gases. It is directed by Josh Fox, who never revealed when he started carrying out the investigation, and it is only discovered that the film is indeed utterly shocking. The film places a lot of focus on the communities in the USA that have been affected by drilling of natural gas and the stimulations of hydraulic fracturing. The movie is an expose on the communities that are affected by the mining, and it is also a critique of the political and corporate pressures that result in the destruction of natural resources. The impact of the technique of mining is indeed less frightening when compared to the political will that pushes things towards similar direction. The film is a balance of storytelling, facts and human interest pieces. GasLand is considered to be the most engrossing and compelling documentary because it captures best what United States of America is susceptible to. The film may not be perfect, but it is real though not everything that is captured by the film is accurate but only a representation of a well crafted point of view. Fox examines the ever increasing American appetite for energy, which motivates the gas drilling (Fox 1). Critique of the Film The film has been critiqued as presenting a selective and distorted view of gas drilling and the energy choices faced by America today. This is because it represents the gas industry as unsafe and a never ending environmental nightmare without any benefits. The film comes out as an efficient tool to arouse the public to close the natural gas industry. An example is when it wrongly presents the budget of the Department of Environmental Protection in Pennsylvania that hundreds of the citizens lost their jobs when the budget was reduced by 25 percent. This was a wrong argument because it insinuates that the natural gas industry is unregulated. There is no talk about in the GasLand documentary of the boost in the drilling cost or on the increase in the staff working regulating the sector. The GasLand does not even introduce the four regulatory packages that were introduced in the gas industry and it does not even mention any of the regularly development that has been initiated in the drilling industry. GasLand does not discuss the alternative to the natural gas but it is quick in criticiz
Abstract Under Martexs organization structure, the division controllers report directly to the corporate controller, and this ensures higher integrity and more efficiency. At Rendell, the division controllers report to their division general managers, and this caused a lot of frustration for the corporate controller who, not only got false reports on financial activities in the divisions but could not get any clear clarifications from the division managers whenever he sought it. This prompted the corporate controller to consider adopting the structure of Martex, which could have been ideal for Rendell. The new organizational structure would help streamline financial operations at the company and bring better results. Introduction The corporate controller at Rendell Company, Fred Bevin, was having problems working with the division controllers of the company. This is because the division controllers worked under, and reported to their division general managers rather than him at headquarters. Under this setup, Bevin felt that he was not getting accurate reports about the financial activities at the divisions. Of particular concern were the inflated budgets that the division general managers were presenting to top management, yet the division controllers were not reporting any improprieties. He admired the organization structure at Martex, where the division controllers reported directly to the corporate controller and considered having it implemented at Rendell. Organization structure of Martex Under the organizational set up of Martex, the Corporate Controller, the Divisional General Managers, and the Divisional Controllers all have a solid line relationship. The company is divided into several divisions, each headed by a divisional general manager. The corporate control organization is stationed at headquarters and is headed by the corporate controller. The functions of the corporate control organization include handling the company’s accounts, performing internal audits, and analyzing budget requests from the various divisions. The corporate control organization provides the guidelines for budget control, and these are implemented by the divisional controllers in their divisions. The corporate controller actively influences the appointments of divisional controllers. The divisional controller works under the divisional manager in the division. Part of the divisional controller’s job description is to help the divisional general manager perform various duties in the division. The divisional controllers are empowered to perform their assigned functions more independently. They help in the preparation of the divisions’ budgets in collaboration with the division general manager. The divisional controllers have a solid line relationship with the corporate controller, and they report directly to him. This enables better financial management and scrutiny of the divisions’ budgets by the corporate control organization at headquarters. This also ensures that the budgets presented by the divisional general managers to the top management for ap
Main factors that make 3M an innovative organisation The 3M story is a story of innovation that transformed failure into success. It also is a story of well-motivated individuals who knew how to create original ideas and make them commercial products customers need. Innovation is the life-blood of 3M. The people behind the organisation are innovative from the very start. They were five businessmen who didn’t recognise the meaning of failure. From the start, they knew they had to apply innovations because as they decided to dig deeper into the realm of business, they had to encounter difficulties. They didn’t find the right ore mine for their product; instead they found something else. The founders were looking for a mineral deposit so that they could process it and make it their primary product. But the mineral ore proved to be zero, or perhaps a sham, a wrong information that the original founders may have gotten into. They could have surrendered, put their cards on the table or inform the shareholders and the other stakeholders that to continue would mean more losses for the company. So, it was better that they pack up early, go their own separate ways, start anew and spend or divide what was left of their money. But they did not surrender. They did not translate failure into despair; instead they looked for other ways to find new product or new business for their struggling new company. Failure motivated the young founders of 3M to be creative and innovative, slowly allowing the small organisation to move, to survive for years until it grew into a global organisation, becoming a hundred-year-old company now experienced in the art of business. The company now manufactures products like sandpaper, fibre optic cables, commercial and industrial products, health care products, and has focused on customer needs. With creative ideas and new technological inventions from a pool of creative people, the company now owns hundred of patents and intellectual property rights. Among these patents are the Scotch-Brite™ and Post-it®, as well as other brands and logos attributed to the company. ( 3M company information: history 2012) 3M allows employees to have occasional interaction with people of different cultures. Challenges and difficulties come along with the opportunity. These difficulties range from adjustment to and learning with the new culture which is far distinct from the native culture. Performance is affected when employees fail to adjust with th
Introduction This paper provides the proposal for shop floor re-layout planning that is overdue and needs to be redone in order to improve the overall improvement of the company objective and facilitate the improvement of the company outlook. The investigation carried out on the shop reveal that shop re-layout is overdue, and following proposal is drawn to ensure that the work for the shop re-layout is done effectively so as to improve its outlook before the customers. The proposal is drawn for the floor re-layout with the use of 8 materials manufactured by facility manager for the shop re-layout. Proposed site Proposed sited is the shop floor re-layout of a company that is overdue. In the renovation of this shop floor, the site is beside the university varsity road and it is 60m in length and the breadth is 41m, that comprise 24m space on the left and 15m space on the right and the pathway comprises 2m. Proposal using structured approach to ensure safety and minimise space To ensure that the proposal ensures safety and minimise space as much as possible the following criteria will be considered. First, the overall objective of the proposal for the shop floor re-layout planning will ensure safety of job done, which will utilise the minimum of space requires for the proper arrangement of machines to be used for the re-layout planning. While the re-layout planning involves the use of machines thus, in carrying the work, there will be overall arrangement of machine to be used for planning, there will be proper handling of materials to be used for re-layout in order to assure safety of the workers and the proper management of the materials used during re-laying out process. In addition, for the efficient use of materials that will be used for proper re-layout planning, the proposal will ensure adequate minimisation of material handling, minimisation of movement of materi
Whether one should be moral or not, regarding his support to the poor, is a question that is being discussed for many years and the same remains lurked. Philosophers and thinkers of the world have conducted various studies about this subject and have made different arguments for and against this issue. When one considers the incident that occurred with Mr. David, who has received $100,000 from his bank teller, instead of the $10 he requested, one can take a stand either with David or with the bank teller Carla, who was accused of stealing and was imprisoned. Carla is the mother of three children and does not have any living relatives. But David is not ready to give the money back to the bank and he spends on his personal needs. This mentality of David is discussed here in this paper and attempts to evaluate the moral obligation of David in giving back the amount. Two viewpoints are possible with this topic, that is, either joining with the viewpoint of James Rachels or with Ayn Rand, Ethical Egoism and In Defense of Ethical Egoism . Ethical egoism does not support the interests of others and a radical view of ethical egoism views that it is enough for one to promote one’s interest and it focuses only on one interest, that is, self-interest. The concept of ethical egoism has a universal interest. “Universal ethical egoism is the universal doctrine that all persons should pursue their interests exclusively.” (Philosophy 302: Ethics Ethical Egoism). The ethical issue is not based on moral principles. If one observes the issue based on ethical egoism, it is to be noted that David does not want to give the amount back to Carla or take care of her children. But the other point of view is that one has to follow the moral principles in his life by surrendering the self-interest and other physical pleasures that are waiting for him. As man is living in society, he has the moral duty to satisfy the needs and the interests of others as they are doing to him. David and Carla are the products of society and it is their moral obligation to help or care for each other when it is necessary. But that concept has not been considered in this case and David is motivated and he looks forward only to his self-interest. Ethical egoism insists one get away from the actions to help others. It is opined that one’s actions should be for the benefit of oneself and one should not have any other personal considerations. As David needs money it was unnecessary for him to think of other factors or to have feelings like sympathy towards Carla or her children. An action that is motivated and is beneficial for others will not make the action right if it is not for the personal interest. Here David is looking for the personal benefits disregarding moral values and the life of a lady in jail, deprived of her family and children. He does not want to think about her social status or profession but only the amount that reached his hands. Though there is a c
Paleontology Paleontology involves the inquiry of living things like creatures, vegetations, and further beings that existed in the primitive period, that is, in excess of 5,500 years past. Fossil leftovers of creatures transpire in coatings of sedimentary rock, which develop from the upsurge of dust, rock pieces, sand, and other deposits. The creatures were living when the rocks were in the process of formation. They were obscured and conserved as fossils as the coatings of rock mounded up. (Weishampel 1) Paleontologists examine fossils to study what sort of existence subsisted at different epochs in World’s olden times. They also observe how the primitive animals and other creatures interacted with each other and what their relation to life is at present. The oldest identified fossils are microorganisms that survived about three and a half billion years in the past. The fossil documentation demonstrates that living things went through a process of gradual to form and develop into their present appearance. Paleontology is significant in the learning of geology. The period of rocks may be decided by the fossils present in them. Fossils also disclose whether rocks were created under the sea or on land. The majority of rocks that enclose oceanic shell fossils were shaped under the ocean. Generally, rocks that inhibit land animal and land plant fossils were shaped on land or in watercourses and lakes. The acquaintance of where rocks were shaped assists researchers named “Paleo-geographers” plot the earth as it was millions of years in the past. Paleontology also supports the position of oil, which is frequently located in rocks that hold some fossils. (Weishampel 1) With the specified paleontology’s enormous foretaste, the entire primitive existence, it is improbable that anyone investigator could examine the whole area under discussion in detail. As a result, the subject matter has been classified into focused sub-disciplines or branches. Micropaleontology The learning of minuscule fossil creatures, micropaleontology has a diversity of workable functions. Through investigating microfossils, such as plankton or pollen, conserved in sedimentary rocks, professionals in the field provide useful data for oil-drilling operations, characterizing the geology of the extraction area. Microfossils are also used to derive information on ancient climate shifts, which are employed in studies of modern environmental changes. (Gallagher 1) Paleobotany Concerned with the anatomy, evolution, and ecology of fossil plants, paleobotany also has industrially important applications, often being utilized to determine the origin and distribution of coal deposits. For example, the study of plant fossils associated with coal beds indica
Introduction There has been a number of errors that have occurred in the past in terms of the prescription of drugs. Some have led to injuries while more serious cases have caused the death of patients. This paper is going to look at one of those cases where patients were given an overdose of a pain reliever, morphine oral solution. It will also look at the effects of the incident on nursing in general. Discussion Morphine oral solution which is manufactured by Roxane laboratories was the basis of the article “a pain reliever that has killed”. It is meant to deal with pain but it has led to injuries and even deaths in more serious cases. A hospital misread its dosage leading to an overdose by a number of patients. The pain reliever was available in three different concentrations of 100 mg per 5 ml, 20 mg per 5 ml and 10 mg per 5 ml. The overdose occurred after milliliters were confused for milligrams due to the nature of labeling. Roxane laboratories consequently changed the labeling to emphasize on the dosage and prevent medical practitioners and pharmacists from prescribing an overdose in patient (Morgolin, “Articles and information about medication errors”). One of the effects of this incident is that it will make drug manufacturers make sure that all or at least most drugs are effectively labeled to avoid confusion. It will also cause nurses and any other parties entitled to prescribe drugs are keen on their duty. The error will affect nursing in that there will be policies put in place to ensure that all procedures regarding safe prescription, monitoring, and handling of medication are followed by nurses. More emphasis will be placed on nurse training to ensure that they are well informed about these procedures. Nurses will also be made to use medication reference books while making prescriptions to be certain that prescription of drugs is properly done. New nurses will be monitored more closely to ensure that they do not give any erroneous prescriptions. Medical laws will be put in place for stiff penalties to be imposed on nurses who are reckless in their cause of duty in terms of prescribing and monitoring the use of drugs by patients (Daniels, 746). Individual nursing organizations will have standards of care for their medication procedures to minimize the risk of medication errors. Doses should not be transferred from one container to another as the labeling on the two containers might be different thereby causing errors in prescription. Nurses should be expected to conduct a follow-up on patients to ensure that they do not negatively affect them. Medications with different concentrations should be stored in separate places in order to avoid confusion when giving prescriptions. Nurses should make sure they understand the medication usage guides that are present in most of the medications. This should minimize the risk of the wrong dosage. Conclusion Although nurses are not entirely to blame for medication errors, they are the ones expected