ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article under review, published in the Albany Herald on August 7, 2009, is called ‘miller/Coors saves while going green’ and is tagged with Business/Market/Environment. The author is Danny Carter, who is the managing editor of the paper and contributes a weekly column that is business-related. He has about twenty-five years of journalistic experience and directs overall daily coverage. The purpose of this article is to inform the readers of steps taken by a local brewery to incorporate environment-friendly strategies in its production line (such as optimal use of raw materials and recycling of equipment) that will not only reduce manufacturing and other costs but will also be less damaging to the environment due to reduced waste production. Through simple green steps such as reducing the diameter of aluminum caps and washing and reusing protective wear like gloves, the company will save over $10 million. More information on this topic can probably be obtained from the Miller/Coors website which will give additional details on these healthy strategies. To verify if the claims are accurate local public sites relating to the Albany landfill areas can be accessed. To gain additional information on if other breweries or local companies are taking these green steps as well, news sources or blogs can be searched online with particular keywords. To get an idea of what exactly contributes to the carbon footprint during the process of brewing, a reliable website that explains the whole process can be consulted. The questions that come to mind while reading the article include:  1. What are the steps involved in brewing and how did the process evolve?  2. What can be done at each step to reduce the environmental impact of production?  3. Is Miller/Coors generally an environmentally responsible organization?  4. How does it deal with the problem of under-age drinking?  5. Which other beer companies have been incorporating ‘green’ in their ideology and practice? The answers can be found here:  1. Pratt, Sara. ” It’s in the Water.” Geotimes 2004.  2. Cohn, David. “This Green Beer’s the Real Deal.” www.wired.com, 2006.  3. MillerCoors. “Healthy Environments”.  4. MillerCoors. “True Responsibility”.  5. Wilson, Susan. “Leading Beer Companies Believe in Being Green.” (2009). This article is good news indicating that more and more companies and organizations are taking responsibility for their role in helping to preserve the environment and implementing tried and tested as well as innovative methods to this end. The proof of Miller/Coors actually doing all this lies in their Sustainability Report on their website.
In the majority of clinical settings, diagnosis, prognosis, and plan of care for an individual patient are vague and, therefore, should be expressed in terms of probability. Any research, including clinical, is influenced by randomness. Thus, clinicians should rely on observation based on solid scientific principles, including ways to reduce bias and evaluate the role of chance. The main type of study in the described case is a cohort study. A cohort study is an observational research in which a sampled group of people, initially united by a common feature (cohort), is observed for some time, and the outcomes in those exposed and not exposed to the intervention or other factors are compared. As described in the case, the researchers have been investigating risk factors for sudden cardiac death in a group of men and women between the ages of 35 and 70. The time period for the study was 20 years, which highlights one of the main disadvantages of the cohort study, which is a high duration of the observation. As part of the study, participants were to provide data on demographic and behavioral characteristics yearly; they also needed to undergo testing for cardiac function and provide blood samples to assess lipid profiles and other biomarkers. With regard to clinical issues, the described research was represented by the incidence study, and the main method of assessment, in this case, was the registration of new cases during a certain period of time (DePoy and Gitlin 315). Although cohort studies are scientifically more preferable, this approach is not always applicable to practice since such a method of research requires considerable amounts of time, effort, and money. However, in order to assess the association between the new biomarker (inflammation) and its linkage to sudden cardiac death, the nested case-control study shall be considered (Keogh and Cox 163). The nested case-control study is a method of selection of the control group according to the case, while the control group in each case is an independent sample of the original population. The probability of inclusion in the group of “control” depends on the time during which the factor has been affecting the person in this study. This approach to study design is a form of iatric investigation, and it is frequently utilized to designate the reason for the ailment, especially in the detection of bursts of contagious sicknesses or in the studies of rare illnesses. This type of study design is also applicable to the described research because if medical investigators need a relatively quick an
In the United States, obesity in children is viewed as one of the major health concerns that need to be addressed in the most efficient manner. Today, about 17% of children and adolescents in the United States suffer from overweight and obesity (Styne et al., 2017). An effective health promotion program should be proposed in order to decrease levels of obesity in some American communities (Wang et al., 2015). Thus, it is important to present the mission statement, goals, objectives, strategies, and interventions related to the developed child health promotion program that is oriented to preventing obesity. Mission Statement The proposed mission statement should be appropriate to support the developed health promotion program. The mission of this program oriented to promoting the health of children and preventing obesity is to provide community members with knowledge and resources required to address weight gain in children and develop their healthy lifestyle and eating habits. This mission statement can be discussed as effective to reflect the vision of developers of this health program. Goals and Objectives The goals of this health promotion and anti-obesity program are to reduce the prevalence of children diagnosed with obesity in the selected community, reduce risks of developing chronic diseases associated with obesity in children, and educate community members regarding healthy eating habits and lifestyles with the focus on the wellness of children and adolescents. The objectives related to the formulated goals are the following ones:  1. By the end of the six-month program, to improve the knowledge of adults in the community regarding healthy eating plans, nutritional products, and healthy eating habits appropriate for their children by 70%.  2. By the end of the six-month program, to increase families’ and children’s interest in physical activities by 50%.  3. By the end of the six-month program, to improve children’s access to healthy fresh products at school by 40%. Strategies and Interventions There are three main strategies that should be applied to achieve the set goals: the provision of education for families regarding anti-obesity practices, the cooperation with the community members to organize sports events, and the cooperation with educational authorities and organizations to provide children with access to healthy food at school (Johnston et al., 2013). The associated interventions are developed to guarantee the completion of the set objectives. The interventions include the organization of seminars with nutritionists on the topic of healthy eating habits, the organization of healt
The Catcher in the Rye and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are two very popular literary works of this day and age. The former was written by J. D. Salinger; its story was set in the 1950s, and narrated by Holden Caulfield. Mark Twain was the literary genius behind The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which is also among his masterpieces. The story is told in a first person narrative by Huckleberry, or as he is popularly known Huck, Finn, in the late nineteenth century. While Salinger tells the story of Caulfield, a seventeen year old who fails out of school time and again, Twain takes us on Huck’s journey down the Mississippi river, and both present to us different people, places and societal attitudes of the time (Carpenter, 1957). Kaplan (1956) calls both works “fine comic novels” which present a variety of incidents, and are rich in meaning because of this combined with their depth of characterization. The lead character in both is an adolescent “whose remarkable language is both a reflection and criticism of his education, his environment, and his times.” And both, Caulfield and Finn, are young people on a quest, as they try to understand and find their way in an adult world they can not fully come to terms with. They are outcasts, even though for the sake of principle they do have family and friends, but they free themselves from the “restraints of the civilization which would make him (them) its victim” and tries to attain freedom and an understanding of the circumstances which prevail. Society considers them both as rogues, good-for-nothings whose only claim to fame is the numerous scrapes they get into, time and again. Both are badly “mixed up” but are intellectually honest and as Kaplan (1956) points out, their continuous battle with the powers-that-be is representative of their independent mind and freedom of spirit. Both are realists, intelligent and intuitive, especially when it comes to unearthing the pretense and fakeness from the people and society around them, and they experience immense amounts of such shams the more they interact with the adult world. They have strong ethical standards which they apply not just to everyone, but also, “mercilessly” to themselves. They believe th
The writer of “Conundrum” Jan Morris formerly James Morris provides an autobiography of personal gender transformation from biological male to female because she felt that she belonged to the wrong body. The writing in the text is elegant to portray anachronistic perception. Although spent in the male pursuits of the traditional times, the author’s male existence presents a view of fascinating life. She indicates the times her service was a fascination but not to her satisfaction for instance, the roles of a husband, father or a member in the army. The issue of sexual characteristics denied her happiness. All that she is covers all that she does. She ironically graces all these conundrum of gender difference with some self–condemning wit and humour. Born in 1927, the writer spent thirty-five years in personal mystery regarding gender and another ten years undergoing anticipated changes; she underwent surgery in Casablanca in 1972 to live her expected life. The writing presents the reader with conjectures over how much one has to undergo in desperation of reconciling the inner with the outer self. The option to undergo the complex surgery in a clinic also appears primitive. The presentation of events in the literature brings out some special aspects of uniquely accounted realization. It is possible for the readers to move along the transition of Jan Morris from the male to female world through the well-articulated geographical setting of events. It is possible to connect the setting to the phases involved in the search for an identity. She began with a controllable revealing and analysis of the new self to come to the conclusive satisfaction. This is evident in her indication that “there is nobody in the world I would rather be than me” (174). Her writing helps many people to conclude that self-acceptance shapes the various feelings and ideas perceived in the world. The uncertainties that Jan Morris faces during this uncommon procedure, especially the unfavourable conditions at the clinic for this complicated surgery show her value for the prior lifestyle. According to her, “It was dark by now, and the room was uninviting… Inside, the clinic seemed to be plunged into a permanent silence” (Morris, 138-9). She succumbs to the anaesthesia to undergo the gender transformation through surgery (142), and her satisfaction of the physical outcome is evident of her use of simile regarding the experience of the surgery. , “We were like prisoners,” (142) Her writing also illustrates the positive and encouraging aspect of the recovery process. She indicates the perception of the feminine world where she meets great kindness, for instance her welcoming back to Europe encouraging. At the airport, an executive on the plane met
History of Aluminium In their natural state, components of Aluminium were used many years ago mostly in Rome, Egypt, and Greece. Aluminum Sulphate, for example, was considered to be an aid in dying procedures, while hydrated Aluminium silicates came in handy in pottery since they were used as a source of clay. This metal was first discovered by a man called Humphry Davy in 1808 and was named Aluminum, to be later converted to what we know as Aluminium. Seventeen years down the line Hans Christian Orsted, an expert in chemistry and physics from Denmark, realized that an impure form of the metal could be made by initiating a chemical reaction between potassium and anhydrous chloride. Later on a geologist from France who was also a mining engineer known as Pierre Berthier set out to develop Aluminium from bauxite ore and this proved successful. Then, towards the end of the 1880 era, Paul Heroult from France and Charles Martin from the United States discovered a simpler way of producing commercially viable Aluminium through a procedure commonly known as the Hall-Heroult process. This is the method that is used across the universe to date and this owes to its economical advantages. There are two varieties of names that are used when referring to this compound and these are aluminum and Aluminum. Both names are accepted by the International Union of pure and Applied Chemistry with the former being the first one to be used and the latter being adopted three years down the line. Even though these names are both used in the periodic table, IUPAC mostly uses Aluminium in its internal documentation, while most public documents use aluminum as well. Humphry Davy Charles Martin Hall Paul Heroult Mathematical Formula for Determining Currents, Melt Velocities, Current Efficiency, Magnetic Fields and Melt Topography in Hall-Heroult Cells A very high percentage of Aluminium produced in the United States is processed using the Hall-Heroult Cell. In this process, the Aluminium oxide is broken into melted cryolite electrolytes which are reduced to metal in an electrolytic way. The electricity of approximately 11.4 Gigawatts is used in this process and this creates a need to improve the productivity of the cell. Fig.1. Process of transporting and re-oxidizing a part of the Aluminium in the Hall-Heroult process. Figure 1 indicates part of a cell in the process of producing Aluminium. From this, it is visible that cryolite in the molten state is a float in a mass of liquid Aluminium. Carbon anode deeps into the cryolite while the cathode is made from the surface of the molten Aluminium, at this point the metal is formed and carbon dioxide is produced by the anode reaction. The productivity of the cell is highly altered by the electromagnetic force inside the liquid Aluminium and cryolite. Under perfect conditions, a cell would carry a current of between 100 and 200 kA principally m
Introduction Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus, the Tragic Hero, is a fascinating must-read chef-d’oeuvre featuring Dr. Faustus as the protagonist and a knowledgeable who decided to sell his soul to the devil to gain knowledge. He enters into an agreement that lasts for twenty-four years. He is optimistic about himself. His quest to acquire skills leads him to a horrible ending when he goes to hell following his malicious killing by the Lucifer. Though many interpreters of this character view him as a misguided sinner, there is sufficient evidence that depicts Faustus as a tragic hero as revealed in the paper. Dr. Faustus as a Tragic Hero A tragic hero is an individual who evokes people’s pity as well as their terror because he has both good and bad characteristics. The first instance, which portrays Dr. Faustus as a tragic hero is that he evokes the listeners and the readers’ pity. It creates some form of connection between the audience and the character. Before joining Lucifer, he was working as a normal individual doing his studies in law, medicine, and theology. The mistakes that he does are just the same as those that any other person can make. Like any other normal human being, he is optimistic and ambitious in life aspiring to gain more knowledge. As human beings, people sympathize with the doctor because he had made the wrong decision in life by choosing Lucifer instead of God. Therefore, people wish that he finds the truth and accepts to repent his sins and come back to God. His fate is dreadful and hence the people’s pity for him. At the end of the play, he is destined to lose his life and taken to hell because of his decisions that they made. Even though Faustus has committed many evils, people pity him and want God to forgive him rather than being so fierce to him. Therefore, the tragic hero character is manifested at the end of the play where Faustus pleads with God to forgive him and liberate him from the hand of the devil. He says, “My God, my God, look not so fierce on me (Marlowe Act 5 Scene II line 181). Dr. Faustus Analysis The fact that Faustus is a scholar is stated twice, first, in the opening and then at the end of the play. This clue demonstrates the scholar as a tragic hero for the readers and the audiences to sympathize with him throughout the play. For instance, at the beginning of the play, Faustus is a person who is prosperous and well known. His reputation is known as a well-respected professional. For instance, he presents his speech to students and servants in different areas
Introduction Compensation refers to the rewards that employees receive on a regular basis for their contribution to the growth or operation of a company. A compensation package is “a total reward system that includes non-monetary, direct, and indirect rewards” (Wemer, Schuler and Jackson 52). Direct compensation refers to the salaries, wages, or any performance-oriented pay that employees receive periodically. Indirect compensation includes the benefits obtained from programs such as retirement plans, paid leave, and health insurance. Compensation is an important determinant of the competitiveness of every company (Wemer, Schuler and Jackson 53). It determines the ability of a company to recruit and retain the best talent in its industry. Moreover, it influences the level of employees’ motivation, satisfaction, and performance (Wemer, Schuler and Jackson 54). Companies with effective compensation systems often have low labor turnover and high financial performance. Consequently, most companies are focusing on improving their compensation systems in order to bolster their competitiveness. However, developing an effective compensation system is often expensive to employers. Besides, employees are interested in a variety of rewards rather than just monetary compensation. In this regard, most companies provide compensation packages that include monetary and non-monetary rewards in order to satisfy their employees. This paper analyzes Ford Motor Company’s compensation system. It will shed light on the extent to which the system helps Ford Motor Company to motivate and to retain its valuable employees. Ford Motor Company’s Compensation System Ford is one of the leading car producers in the United States. The company also operates in several countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Ford owes its success to its talented and committed workforce that produces high quality products for every market (Ford Motor Company). Ford uses a performance-based compensation system in which its employees’ pay depend on their performance. In the last decade, the company focused on paying its employees based on the extent to which they achieve predefined performance targets. The targets set for each employee are based on the company’s corporate level strategy. Ford’s corporate level strategy is to develop “one team that executes one plan to deliver one goal” (Ford Motor Company). The aim of this strategy is to enable the company to maintain its profitability by assigning specific responsibilities and performance targets to every employee. Ford’s compensation philosophy is “…compensation and benefits programs are an important part of the company’s employment relationship, which includes challenging and rewarding work, growth, and career development opportunities” (For
Ever since the 17th century, the colonies in North America have been home to various ethnicities, including the Hispanic immigrants, who contributed to forming the unique American identity. If to talk about the Hispanic population in the United States, now it concludes more than 60 million people, after the rates of immigration in America skyrocketed during the 20th century. In many cases, immigrants form or join the closed communities, and the people, who live there, are often not adjusted to the environment of the main population. The musical In the Heights , written by Quiara Hudes and Lin-Manuel Miranda, depicts various social problems within the Hispanic community on the example of multiple characters. The authors raise the topics such as homesickness, poverty, which results in a lack of possibilities, cultural conflicts, and depression among the immigrant youth. Nina Rosario is the daughter of two hard-working immigrants and the first person in her family to go to college. Her story is an excellent example of how a person faces an alien environment and gets depressed because of it. Another good example is Usnavi de la Vega – the story’s narrator. He is experiencing homesickness and feels like an unnatural element of the country’s environment. One of the most discouraging issues for immigrants in the United States is that a person may feel like an alien in a new aggressive and sometimes xenophobic surrounding. Thus, the musical shows that the immigrants remain secluded within their communities, lacking the possibilities and education, and measures must be taken by the government to give these people a better future. First of all, it is essential to note that the environment, which became home for many Hispanic immigrants, makes them feel rejected. In Nina’s case, she encounters a severe gap between herself and her college mates during her first schooling year. For instance, when she talks with Benny about differences in various Spanish dialects, she proclaims that “they spoke different language at Stanford” (Miranda and Hudes 63). This means that even though she is a good scholar and tries to integrate into American society, she cannot be the natural part of the surrounding environment. As for Usnavi, New York has never been a welcoming place for him compared to his home country – the Dominican Republic (Miranda and Hudes 106). After finding his bodega looted, Usnavi expresses his sickness towards his home country and decides to travel there (Miranda and Hudes 100). As Peter Debruge says, “In scene