ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Management science is a journal published with the purpose of scrutinizing scientific research on how management in different institutions and organizations is carried out. Management in an organization involves leading and decision making. It involves key functional areas such as accounts, finance, marketing and operations department. Good management in a company sires good strategy, innovation and sustainability. Management science therefore gives us an insight on what management really entails. Operation management therefore involves redesigning and reorganizing any aspects of production and operations involving the daily businesses of production in an organization, firm or company. It mainly deals with the goods and services and how the tastes, needs and wants of a consumer can be met. To meet this, the organization needs to carry out the process of product control, strategic manufacturing policy, productivity analysis and cost control. This productivity control can be done by regulating the materials used by ensuring use of better affordable materials and acquiring new assets too. “The case at hand is centered on Buckeye manufacturing, a company that produces head engines used in truck manufacturing” (Anderson, Sweeney, Williams and Camm 406). The engines heads produced are tailored for either big or small trucks. The dilemma is that the company can only produce either the P head or the H head (Anderson, Sweeney, Williams and Camm 406). Plans of changeovers to produce either of these engine heads cost 500euros. “When set for P heads, the organization’s maximum rate of production is 100 units weekly and when set for H heads, its rate is 80 units weekly” (Bhanot 83). The production costs of both the P Heads and H heads were high hence the need to minimize their production. According to the table provided in the attachment, the demand of both the products is high (Anderson, Sweeney, Williams and Camm 406). As discussed above, one of the main aims of operation management involve meeting the needs and taste or rather the essentials of a customer. The company needs to come up with means through which they can serve and maintain their consumers who obviously need both products. The company shut down for the week in order to prepare a production schedule. “In the coming eight weeks, the manager aims at planning for both production and change overs” (Bhanot 83). The objective is to lessen sum of production. In addition to this, the changeover costs together with the inventory carrying costs were to be minimized. Data presentation involves ways in which the solutions will be derived. The data is presented in an excel worksheet. Despite the fact that the worksheet formulation is similar to those of linear programming problems, the worksheet formulation needs more information while setting up the solver parameters and integer options dialog boxes. The excel solver that has informa
Introduction The contemporary business environment that enterprises operate has become more and more competitive. This growth has been brought about by globalization whereby each company seeks to operate in the international market. As such, companies seek to gain competitive advantage over their competitors to ensure that they remain in existence as well as achieve their organizational objectives. Among the various measures taken by most companies to achieve competitive advantage is that of quality output which is highly dependent on the operations management of an organization. These operations are carried out either by machines or human beings. Thus, the human resource is an important asset in every organization given the major contributions it brings to the organization. This is because as much as organizational managers would like to have their operations automated, there are still operations that have to involve human beings. As much as automation is available in most companies, human resource remains inevitable. It is therefore evident that the human resource of a company plays a significant role in its performance. With this in mind, most human resource departments/ managers have put in place measures to ensure that they obtain the best human resource with skills and experience to ensure that the output of the company is of high quality. The attainment and retaining of highly skilled personnel relies on strategies adopted by the human resource department. The human resource processes includes training, recruitment and hiring, selection, job tasking, selection, appraisals and evaluation as well as dismissal. It involves setting duties and responsibilities for every employee as well as determining their salaries and benefits. This paper is an in-depth analysis of the selection and recruitment functions of the human resource department by looking at the processes of selection and recruiting, their importance, and the impact they have on company performance. The recruitment and selection process The process of selecting and recruiting of personnel to the organization is the most important function of the human resource department (Adiele 1). Despite the fact that the process is normally lengthy, it is simple and mostly made up of the following stepwise procedures:   * Job analysis and job description   * Advertisement via internal memo or the public media such as newspapers, the internet, and recruiting agencies   * Short listing of candidates that meet the minimum qualifications   * Screening/ Interview   * Selection   * Recruitment of successful candidates   * Employee orientation   * Probation and confirmation The process of recruiting in companies can be solely carried out by the human resource departmen
Introduction Vision and hearing are the two major systems allowing humans to perceive the world and therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms that guide these processes is crucial. The performed experiment aimed to observe and measure the hearing and vision systems by assessing different factors and using simple tests. From the physiologic perspective, hearing is the ability to detect sounds, which are sound waves that differ in frequency and amplitude that define pitch and loudness. Vision is one element of perception that allows one to see objects due to light being focused on the retina. Other relevant research on the topic includes Bach and Schafer (2016), Abu-Ghanem et al. (2016), and Bastawrous et al. (2015), which offer new insight and improved procedures for the chosen testing methods. Thus, it can be hypothesized that a person’s hearing can be tested by varying frequencies and amplitude, while visual capabilities can be examined using Snellen’s chart and FrACT. Method This lab consists of two separate experiments, one testing the hearing system and the second for assessing the visual abilities of an individual. The hearing was evaluated using headphones and a bone conduction device for the bone marrow study. The participant was sited in the lab, and the researcher chose one ear, either left or right, for each test. The following frequencies were used – 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz. Thus, the protocol for this procedure involves increasing the frequency by 1 step each time while the participant reports hearing a sound. The experiment was performed using a Snellen chart and FrACT to test the acuity of the participant’s vision. For the first test, the participant was placed 6 meters before the table and reported the elements on it, including the line number. An essential aspect of the protocol is the fact that one eye should be covered for the accuracy of the examination. For FrACT, ac computer displayed C letters to an individual, in different locations and angles and the person had to indicate the direction of each C. No deviations from the strategy outlined in the manual were present. For data analysis, all the results reported by the participants were recorded in a chart. Results It was observed that the participant had different hearing capabilities when comparing the left and right ears and bone conductivity. The overall range was from 10dB to 70dB and 1 kHz to 4 kHz. Figure 1 summarizes the results of the hearing test, while figure 2 displays the outcomes of the visual examinations. We found that the left ear was unable to detect sound at 1 kHz. Also, no noise was reported by the individual in the range from -10 dB till 10 dB and in the range of 30 dB to 100 dB. The visual tests, both computerized and manual helped record the fractions of the eye, which for participant one were estimated at 6/6 for both eyes. Figure 1. Hearing test results (created by the author).                                         Left eye                                         Right eye                     Participant initials  Snellen Fraction  FrACT (fraction)  FrACT (dec)  Snellen
Introduction Nowadays, the concept of globalization is frequently used to explain the current changes in different spheres of life. On the one hand, globalization opens new doors to a number of big and small companies and provides people with impressive opportunities. People use transcontinental free flows of the network, develop their activities, and stabilize power at the global level (Alserhan, 2016). On the other hand, this process destroys certain companies and creates challenges. International advertising should be improved due to the existing technological, economic, political, and cultural exchanges between the nations (Cheng, 2014). Companies have to understand the needs of local people and think about the demands of other nations that could become their potential customers. Regarding such unpredictable impact of globalization on international business, people have to think about globalization and the localization of their ideas. As a result, the term “glocalization” was introduced to cover all those attempts taken to promote business in regards to local and global considerations (Alserhan, 2016). Glocalization is the possibility to take the benefits of globalization and localization, such as the possibility to cooperate with different countries and the possibility to recognize consumer traits in order to avoid such risks as low prices and poor quality control. Such strategies as listening to customers, using the same brand, creating a welcoming environment, and providing clear information help companies take the first step and customers understand their opportunities. This study aims at conducting a comparative content analysis of two commercials developed by HSBC Company and prepared for different countries and clarifying the peculiarities of global campaigns in regards to main elements of advertising including characters, length, music, background, slogan, and a story. Company Background HSBC is the world’s biggest organization that provides people with banking and financial services (HSBC, 2016). HSBC aims at finding the space where prosperity and growth could be developed and establishing new markets and hopes. The company was founded in 1865 as the main possibility to organize trade between European and Asian countries. Much attention was paid to the development of its values and distinctive features. Every HSBC employee supports such qualities as dependability, openness to new ideas and cultures, and communication. HSBC major products and services are divided in regards to the personal and business needs of its potential customers. The company helps people create credible business bank accounts, learn the peculiarities of credit, lending, and saving processes, consider the worth of international business and corporate banking. Besides, clients have access to numerous investing, mortgages, and insurance services. In fact, any kind of banking product may be available to the customers of HSBC, who are able to formulate their fina
Introduction The nature-nurture controversy centers on the contributions of the environment and genetics to the development of human behaviors. Nature, in particular, refers to the genetic composition that some psychologists believe has a significant role in the formation of behavior. On the other hand, nurture refers to environmental factors and interactions. Nature-nurture has been controversial because of the differing views among psychologists and researchers. Why the nature-nurture debate is controversial Some researchers argue that people are born with innate traits and abilities. They add that these intrinsic abilities are fully responsible for the character growth and development of a person. On the other hand, their opponents assert that environmental factors chiefly influence the growth and development of human traits. In a study published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry , researchers from the Twins Early Development Study of King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry observed 45 childhood characteristics of approximately 6,759 pairs of identical and non-identical twins in the UK. These characteristics included their IQ, hyperactivity, height, and weight. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the genes or the environmental conditions contribute the most to the development of behavioral patterns. Moreover, the geographical difference in the UK was observed in terms of environmental and genetic variations (Brierley, 2011). The result of the study revealed that some places occurred to be environmental hotspots for certain traits’ formation. In other places, it was genetics that governed the traits. In London, the environment plays a key role in the formation of traits. One reason for this is income and social status differences within communities. Twins who grow up in the same place are likely to have different friends who impact their behavior. In a study conducted by Dr. Peter Neubauer, a New York psychiatrist, five twins were separated at birth. They were brought up in different homes, and their families were informed about the study. Although they were twins, they participated in the research study without knowing their relationship (Discovery Communications, 2011). Dr. Neubauer discovered that despite the separation, the twins had common traits. He concluded that genetics plays a significant role in the formation of human traits. During the study, one set of twins was excluded from the program because they did not progress at the same rate. Similarities and differences The research conducted by the researchers from the Twins Early Development (TED) Study and the research of Dr. Neubauer inv
PESTEL Analysis Modern Ireland politics is founded on the accepted principles and provisions coming from being a member of the EU. However, Ireland has developed bilateral relationships with the US and the UK. Ireland aspires to the neutrality policy and has no agreement with NATO, which leads to a stable domestic and international political environment for the country. Such conditions might be considered favorable for Irish coach services as they can be profitably provided both domestically and abroad, cooperating with other market segments. Income tax is a foundation of the Irish taxation system. Entrepreneurs are responsible for paying their taxes, according to the Self-Assessment system. The tax is standard – 20% to the minimum acceptable level of income; all incomes exceeding this level are taxed at 40% ( How your income tax is calculated , 2020, para 6–7). Such a taxation approach allows businesses being stable and gaining reasonable profits. The Irish economy is gradually covering from the crisis of 2008 due to the EU member
Introduction Worldwide, Americans enjoy a higher sophistication and choice when it comes to drugs and medical devices. New drugs and medical devices are constantly being discovered and developed. Thus, it has become important for the federal government to certify which drugs and medical devices are safe for use. Both medical devices and new drugs undergo various approval processes before they are released into the general population. Such activities are carried out by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Sweet, Schwemm, & Parsons, 2011). Even though this agency plays a major role in approving the use of the various drugs and medical devices locally, it is also a significant player in determining their exportation. Thus, a drug that has not been approved by the FDA will not be easily accepted in international markets. The FDA also acts as a reference point for foreign governments in determining whether they will approve specific drugs and medical devices from the U.S. In any given year, the FDA removes approximately 1-2 new drugs and 6-8 medical devices from the market because of safety concerns (Whitmore, 2012). Operations The ‘Centre of Drug Evaluation and Research’ (CDER) is the body that the FDA uses as the regulatory body to oversee the safety of drugs and medical devices. The CDER’s main task is to evaluate new drugs before they are released into the market. Thus, it prevents quackery and provides information to both doctors and patients on how they can use drug
The number of students with the identified intellectual disability (ID) has increased in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia because the field of special education in the country has been experiencing active growth since 1995. The focus on a range of service delivery models and specific mainstreaming programs for non-traditional disability categories can be viewed as the most distinctive characteristics of this development of the trend. Thus, the number of students with ID who use special education services in Saudi Arabia increased from 2,250 in 1992 to 20,576 in 2015 (Battal, 2016). It is possible to state that these tendencies in education for students with ID have created a unique opportunity for more young individuals to receive appropriate, high-quality services. Currently, the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) defines intellectual disability as a specific developmental condition that is typified by considerable deficits in not only a person’s intellectual functioning but also his or her adaptive behavior skills, such as practical, social, and conceptual ones. This disability is typically observed and diagnosed under the age of 18 (Tassé, Luckasson, & Schalock, 2016). Another definition of ID is according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (Sec. 300.8 (c)(6)): “significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the development period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance” (Cavanaugh, 2017, p. 154). This definition by the IDEA, in its essence, is similar to that one provided by the AAIDD. Students with intellectual disabilities can be classified as having mild to severe impairment depending on the demonstration of their skills and behavior strategies in multiple areas and contexts in terms of social participation. According to Chowhan and Patowary (2018), students with different intellectual disabilities can significantly benefit from learning and training their adaptive behavior skills (ABS). According to the AAIDD, adaptive behavior is associated with demonstrating practical, social, and various conceptual skills that are usually learned to effectively function in their life (Tassé et al., 2016). In this context, considerable limitations in students’ ABS can have a significant undesirable effect on their routine life and negatively affect their capacity to respond to a variety of situations and their surroundings (S
Problems with the Statistical Analysis Analyzing the rates of customer satisfaction is a rather complicated task, as quantifying the data that is supposed to be qualitative by its nature is a very challenging process. Although the calculations of the population standard deviation, the mean and the variance are not that complicated, operating with the data that needs to be converted from textual into quantitative is very difficult. Herein the key problem with the information represented in the paper under analysis lies; the accuracy of the numerical data represented in the paper can hardly be verified. Apart from the problem mentioned above, the issue regarding the number of participants and samples taken in the process of research deserves to be mentioned. Particularly, some light must be shed on the fact that the number of samples used in the calculation of the standard deviation and the identification of the rest of the data reached thousands in every case. As a result, the variance of the samples considered in the course of the research could not be high. Moreover, the variance of the data used in the research approaches zero. As a result, the data sets regarding the customer satisfaction calculated for the first and the second year of the company’s operations are barely different from each other. Because of an extraordinarily large number of samples chosen for the research, the research cannot possibly show the areas, which the organization needs to pay special attention to; on the contrary, the standard deviation of the data analyzed shows that the company is relatively low. More importantly, because of the number of samples used in the analysis, the standard deviation calculated for Year 1 (9.1 (1.1)) is practically identical to the one estimated for Year 2 (9.1 (1.2)). Thus, the report does not allow for a detailed analysis of the changes, which the organization has undergone in terms of customer satisfaction provision. It is assumed, therefore, that the sampling method used by the company in question should be readdressed. As far as the data in the Region 3 is concerned, given the above-mentioned considerations regarding the average approaching a doubtfully high mark, Southwestern sales clearly need to be addressed Given the fact that the method of data analysis chosen by the organization leads to a possibility of overrating the company, low indices are obviously a reason for concern. The problem mentioned above is likely to affect both
The problem of wanting more and more is often the main reason why people fail to follow the Five Precepts of Buddhism, resort to violence, get lost in indulging themselves, and defy moral principles. In economics, it is one of the fundamental truths that our desires are limitless, but resources not. We all live in the society of consumers – a living cult of millionaires and top models. That’s why it is so hard to overcome these self-centered thoughts of consuming. Saranapala B. A General Introduction to Meditation Saranapala calls meditation a life-changing experience. He explains that meditation means “specific mental cultivation and development” (n.d.). Our mind constantly interacts; even while meditating, it tries to find entertainment in our dreams and experiences. The untrained mind makes us dependent on external objects. Indeed, as a student, I often struggle with my mind, especially when it is necessary to focus on meaningful work. When we are connected with the moment, we can observe a lot of unpleasant things and try to escape them. According to Saranapala, it is not a suitable option to do. During meditation, we should contemplate these painful things from the beginning till the end. “Acceptance is the remedy. Acknowledgment is the healing” (Saranapala, n.d.). Nowadays, there is a wide range of painkillers in the store; psychologists want you to visit them and tell them about your painful experience. There are lots of things for entertainment. You really can not escape from your problems because you bring yourself everywhere. In addition, Saranapala said that during the practice of meditation, we need to train our minds to be positive: to create wholesome thoughts, be compassionate and selfless. According to Saranapala, we should strive to “purify the mind’, using “loving-kindness me