ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Most companies have found it difficult to cope with factors such as mergers and competitiveness among others, using the old system of MRP (Manufacturing resource planning). Moreover, they have found it hard to improve in profitability with the same system. This has prompted a shift to Enterprise Resource Planning, which has proved to be efficient in all areas of production. Companies that do not use ERP usually find themselves using incompatible software packages that carry with them numerous errors and problems, thus undermining their objectives. This is mainly because several processes are involved in implementing ERP, all the way from designing of the product to marketing. ERP is therefore very instrumental in enhancing management and efficiency; this would help in achieving most, if not all of the company’s objectives. The paper will use two articles to analyze advantages and disadvantages of ERP in organizations (Exforsys, Inc., 2009, p. 1). ERP Enterprise resource planning is a platform that integrates all elements of production in an organization to manage and automate the activities, thereby improving their efficiency, logistics and work flow, among others. Its integration combines all the external and internal factors of production in an organization . It begins right from product design and facilitates flow of work throughout the system. ERP does not rely on periodic updates and therefore ensures real time application throughout its integrated system software. Its ability to run in virtually every network as well as hardware makes it not only viable but reliable too. ERP has a common database that work with all applications. Its reliability is unrivaled as it utilizes database as storage for information. Its main objective is to try and consolidate all the departments in a company. Communication is fastened through this method and product design is boosted as well. ERP strives to incorporate finance, manufacturing, customer service, chain supply, data services and human resource departments, among others. ERP has been touted as one of the best management systems in the world. It has succeeded in replacing MRP as the solution based software that integrates all departments. According to Barker and Frolick, successful implementation of ERP is vital to success of a company. More often organizations know what to implement, however they fall way shot of its implementation guidelines and in the end failing to maximize its utilization. Several articles have tried to suggest ways of implementing ERP successfully in organizations, focusing more on its advantages than the disadvantages. Furthermore a number of companies have also failed in successful implementation of ERP, instead trying to cover for it with other software packages. However it is quite imperative to note that as much as it is very efficient and useful in its application, ERP requires proper implementation, following of all the guide
Introduction Knowledge and understanding are two ways through which humans gain information and experiences about life. By gaining information and experiences, a person accumulates wealth of knowledge, while understanding enhances rational utilization of information and experiences. Hence, it suffices to say that knowledge is necessary because people require information and experiences for them to utilize their lives and environment optimally for the benefit of humanity. Likewise, understanding is essential for people to formulate theories and concepts about their lives and environment. Thus, by definition, knowledge is the amount of theoretical information and empirical skills that one gains through education and experiences of life. In contrast, understanding is the ability of a person to conceptualize information and experiences rationally. Since both knowledge and understanding are important in learning, philosophers have differed as to which is the preferable way of learning or thinking. Therefore, based on the reading, thinking, and writing, this essay argues that the preferable form of critical thinking is the understanding because it allows people to conceptualize things rationally. Socrates Understanding is the preferable way of thinking because it helps people to rationalize and conceptualize what they perceive in their environment. In the Allegory of the Cave, Socrates describes how the prisoners have knowledge about what they see yet they do not understand how shadows appear on the wall (Cohen 1). Since prisoners have lived in the cave for a long time, they have gained enough information and experiences about shadows that they see on the wall. Despite the fact that they have enough knowledge about their cave, they are unable to differentiate real images from shadows because they do not understand how that how they occur. Hence, lack of understanding makes the prisoners unable to conceptualize what they see on the walls. Although the prisoners can identify activities that the shadows on the wall perform, they do not understand how puppeteers generate them. The prisoners can identify activities that shadows perform such as walking across the wall, carrying luggage, and doing construction (Cohen 1). The prisoners are right in identifying the activities for they have knowledge; however, they do not understand that they perceive shadows as real images. According to Socrates, the prisoners have knowledge about different forms of human activities because they can attribute all images that they see on the wall to certain objects or activities. Through experience, the prisoners have learned that the images on the wall depict people when performing different activities. However, they fail to understand that they perceive shadows of real activities taking place behind the scenes. David Foster Wallace According to Wallace, knowledge does not provide an effective way of learning or critical thinking because it increases ignorance and delusion (8). For one to gain knowledge, one must collect information and derive meaning from it. Hence, the process of reading and deriving infor
Introduction In the eighth chapter of Eric Schlosser’s novel, “The Most Dangerous Job”, the author asserts that executives of meatpacking companies are more focused on maximizing profit at the expense of worker safety. The novelist appeals to ethics, emotions, and logic in an endeavor to show that there are gross violations of laws and a pathetic work environment in the American meatpacking industry. The write aims to unveil the pathetic terms of employment in the industry to persuade different stakeholders to participate in solving this public health problem. The main audience is the consumers and the occupational health officers so that they can liaise to improve the welfare of families and laborers of the company. Main text The horrific work conditions that the staff deals with daily are annoying, more so because their sacrifices are not compensated. It is not enough for the industry to expose its peasant to harsh conditions; they also fail to compensate them. For instance, although OSHA lowered the number of injuries on records, it failed to “reduce the number of people getting hurt” (Schlosser 304). The harm caused at the job site is not just physical but also psychological. The author uses imagery to show how meat is sorted using sharp electric knives, the animals come in and are unexpectedly shot, and people walk in a pool of blood. Such horrors are bound to negatively affect the mental state of individuals who have to relieve them every day. Yet, amidst the daily injuries, the executives “struggle to receive proper medical care” (Schlosser 306). Besides, only the physical harms are compensated, while those accum
A case study of Central American in 1980s After the Second World War the relationship between the US and Soviet Union was changed from anti Nazi partners to latent enemies. But because of the nuclear threats from both sides, the possibility of a real battle became very small and a new form of cold war known as the competition between military, economies, politics, diplomacy, ideology and so on started. During the cold war both sides were trying to gain more international influence and power, so foreign policy became especially important. In term of the US and Latin America relation had changed a lot because of it. This essay is going to talk detailed about those changes and focus on countries like EI Salvador，Nicaragua and Guatemala . During the Second World War the partnership relation between US and Latin American was very good and strong. For example, in the first two years of the war most Latin America countries were neutral as US, after US joining the war they stopped diplomacy with those fascism countries and claimed war against them Mexico and Brazil even sent troops to fight with US. Other Latin American countries also had done a lot to provide many material supports to US (Zhu 2002 p19). After the war although US did a lot to deepen its influence in economic, political and military terms but because its interventions anti US sense was popular in those Latin American people. In 1959, the Cuba victory pushed this sense to a very high level and rang the alarm to US. In 1960, US have changed a lot of its attitude to Latin America. The reasons are on one hand, the great fear to the Soviet Union catch up and expansion, on the other hand the fear of Cuba bring communism domino effect to the Latin America countries and finally surrounded by the red empire (Priestland 2010 p48). From 1960, US launched a lot of actions to suppress communism and gain its power in Latin America. Firstly, the long term actions toward Cuba to intervene and subvert the communism government. One thing should notice is it was not an independent movement but a collective one, countries like Dominica and Guatemala also involved. (Priestland 2010 p48). The relationships between the US and Latin American countries divided into clear branches. Secondly, ideology competition with communism accompanied with military actions. This movement was trying to reconcile the relationship through ideology penetration and economic aid and at the same time defeat the communism ideologically and physically. (Zhu 2002 p26) But outcomes are not all good as predicted because these ideologies also raised disputes between the US and authoritarian regimes in Latin America. Thirdly, mainly aft
Introduction Septic shock, a complicating disorder of an infectious condition known as sepsis, has become one of the primary causes of high death mortality of the hospitalized patients. Leading to a lethal outcome in the case of hospital admission of nearly every second patient, it has grown into a severe health care problem. Deeper understanding of septic shock and wider awareness of the reasons leading to the disease, its symptoms, and treatment may become one of the effective ways of reducing the level of hospitalized patients mortality. Definition and the Nature of Septic Shock Septic shock as a severe health problem very often leading to lethal outcomes was spoken about years before the scientists and health professional obtained a knowledge about human’s immune system or systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Almost a century and a half ago, a Canadian physician William Osler stated his belief that people are more likely to die from the body’s response to the infection rather than from the infection itself (Gaieski & Goyal 2013, p. 867). The organism’s reaction to an infection is what septic shock is in very general terms. In fact, there are various definitions of septic shock, and they are constantly evolving with the deepening of knowledge in the field of medicine, treating diseases and anatomical science as the whole. Generally speaking, it is the condition of the human body caused by a response to an infection in a bloodstream (Gaba 2014, p. 1345). It is called so because the scientific term for the spreading of the infection is sepsis. The organism’s reaction usually takes a form of low blood pressure and low blood flow to the vital organs, thus resulting in the organ dysfunction and leading to death. What is more, bacteria, that provoked infection, release endotoxins into blood, thus triggering the functions of the body’s immune system. Together with that, endotoxins lead to a dilation of large blood vessels, i.e. their widening, and the state under which smaller blood vessels start leaking, so that blood drains to tissues causing swelling and lack of oxygen and nutrients in tissues of vital body organs such as heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, etc. As mentioned above, septic shock is a complication of sepsis that, in tu
Coffee has been a topic that has provokes intense argument among medial men and scientists that have investigated its harmful as well as positive effects on human organism (Derbry 166, Ries, Miller, Fiellin, and Saitz 166). The essay under argumentative analysis is entitled as “ The Whole Scoop on Coffee ” and it is devoted to the same issue, the analysis of the positive and negative effects of coffee on human organism. However, the main focus of the present paper is neither benefit not harm done by coffee to a human being that is in the habit of consuming it, but the way the argument in the analyzed paper is put forward and proved with the help of certain evidence. Though the article lacks a carefully formulated argument (that is its primary weak point), the article as a piece of argumentative writing can be characterized by a certain number of strong points which will be analyzed in this paper and a number of weak points that are prevailing in the analyzed article. As it is necessary to define if the argument is effective or not, it can be presumed that it is somewhere in between, though inclining to ineffective. The present analysis of the essay will be built according to the structure of the essay so that the development of the argument could be analyzed step-by-step. Since the author of the articles intends to create a scientifically proven argument, it is necessary to analyze authority of the argument and the use of statistics in the essay. In the introductory paragraph of the essay under analysis, the author formulates a problem which seems to be too vague and lacks concrete support. The opening statement that says that “the estimated 100 million of us sip” is not proven by any reference (John Hopkins Medical Letter 200). What is more, the author mentions “our morning paper” as the main the source of the argument (John Hopkins Medical Letter 200) and he/she does not give any title of a newspaper though such recognized publication as New York Times can be considered a reliable source to refer to. Further, the author offers a premise saying that there can be awful withdrawal headaches connected with the implementation of the decision to stop consuming coffee. The author gives a proof of the general idea, mentioning the researchers at John Hopkins and their “recent” research that has proven the withdrawal symptoms. Thus, this is the case of deduction where the first statement is general and the succeeding one offers specific information on the point. However, this successful case of deduction is followed by invalid syllogism stating that coffee is a cure for headaches that is prescribed for migraines (John Hopkins Medical Letter 200). First, the author does not give any reference for this idea, second, even a brief research shows that the premise is invalid, as caffeine triggers migraines if either too much or too little is consumed, thus it cannot be positioned as a sure for headaches (Magee 53
IP address allocation, DHCP and DNS server The IP addresses allocation in the new IT infrastructure model for Acme is based on the guidelines and policies of the IANA and ARIN in relation to IP addresses allocation as well as the routing of IP addresses. The system will make use of IPv4 (32-bit addressing). The customers of Acme will be leased IP addresses. In the new building, the IT model will constitute non-portable. All data points in the IT infrastructure will be allocated one IP address each. Additional IP addresses will be provided if need be dependent on the magnitude of need. IP addresses for all the users of the Acme system will be allocated dynamically. The Designated network administrators will assign various ranges of IP addresses to DHCP. The system will enable that each client computer o LAN in the entire Acme infrastructure to have its IP software configured to request an IP addresses from the DHCP server at network initialisation. The DHCP server will reclaim as well as be able to relocate IP addresses that are not renewed and thus enabling the dynamic use of IP of addresses. The DNS server will feature network IP addresses and hold a database of network names as well as addresses for the entirety of the Acme internet’s hosts. Packet filtering Packet filters will be used to enable or block packets normally while routing them from one network to another. This will be a handy devise especially in the proposed IT infrastructure models where there will be some integration between the internet and local network systems. The device facilitates flow of data interaction from the Internet to an internal network, and vice versa. To set up packet filtering the presented Acme IT model will entail as set up of a set of rules that define what types of packets for instance those to or from a particular IP address or port are to be passed and what forms are meant to be blocked. The Packet filtering set up in the presented design will obtain in the Cisco router. The Packet filtering systems used will channel packets within internal and external hosts. This will be done extensively and each IP address will be catered to for the optimisation of security reasons. In the presented IT model, the filtering system will allow or block specific forms of packets in a way that reflects Acme’s site’s security policy as shown in the diagram below. The ty
Introduction In her article, Ann Gibbons analyzes the issue of long human childhood compared to chimpanzees, our nearest relatives among all the living beings. She provides the history of discoveries of ancient human remains and the results of their analysis. Additionally, the author provides different reasons why humans start reproducing later than any other species. First Discoveries The author claims that according to the analyses of the earliest findings of human remains dated three million years ago, their childhood was shorter and they started reproducing earlier than Homo sapiens . In 1925, Raymond Dart, an Australian anatomist found an australopithecine whom he called the Taung baby. He analyzed the remains and found out that this child died two million years ago at the age of six already having its first permanent molar. He came to the conclusion that early hominins had the same schedule of maturation as modern humans do. A New Theory However, Dart’s theory considered true for sixty years until in 1984, in London, anatomists Timothy Bromage and Christopher Dean found a new method to determine the age of fossil children. They analyzed the australopithecine children’s teeth and found out that they had their first molar at the age of 3.5 years old, which is similar to the modern chimpanzee pattern. This discovery gave rise to the question of why our ancestors developed such a risky strategy as a delay of reproduction. Homo erectus The analysis of a fossil child, a representative of Homo erectus , who died at the age of eight 1.5 million years ago in Kenya, showed that it had much more similar features with modern humans. However, with his weight of 50 kilograms and height of 163 centimeters, he was too big for an eight-year-old boy. Therefore, having conducted additional analyses, scientists found out that in general, H. Erectus was an intermediate stage of human development, as its brain grew before birth which is similar to a modern human, whereas, in its childhood, it grew up faster which is similar to an ape. Homo antecessor In 1999, several fossil children of an H. antecessor who died in Spain 800,000 years ago were analyzed. According to the initial results based on the analysis of teeth eruption, the maturation process of this species was similar to a modern human. However, later results refuted this theory. In 2007, scientists analyzed an eight-year-old fossi
Introduction Tourism has remained one of the most adventurous activities in the world. Many people are increasingly venturing into tourism as a way of spending their vacations. “Tourism refers to travelling for leisure or business reasons” (Theobald 23). Tourists have always been faced with the dilemma of choosing a suitable destination for their holidays. Tourists who may wish to have a holiday worth remembering should think of visiting Brazil. This is because of the following reasons. Brazil is one of the most incredible tourist destinations located in South America. The profile of tourism in Brazil has remained very high for several decades. “This is because of its most colorful Rio de Janeiro Car naval, its famous football tradition and samba dance” (Santana 236). Lifestyle Show There are fabulous tourist attraction sites in Brazil. Before a person decides to visit Brazil, he or she can make early choices before going there. This is important because it would give a person the easiest time possible to locate the sites. A person can visit the destinations either as an individual or he can choose package tours. Brasilia is one of the major sites that one can tour upon reaching Brazil. Brasilia was founded in 1960 when it became the capital of Brazil. Most of the magnificent buildings within Brasilia were designed by a famous architect called Niemeyer. Brasilia is a lovely city that was ones bare with hardly any development. Today it is one of the busiest commercial cities in South America. This place will be of great fun for those people who would like to maintain the urban hustles while enjoying their holidays. Right from the airport there is a warm welcome by dancers who usher in visitors. There are splendid accommodation facilities within the city. International hotels have dotted every corner of the city and one has the option of choosing a suitable accommodation that meets his desire. There are also many well furnished restaurants which can be visited by people who like having drinks while listening to soothing music (Bogosian 67). Rio de Janeiro is another city that one should not fail to visit while having a holiday in Brazil. This city has a mystical beauty that has remained fascinating to many visitors. This city has a cosmopolitan culture and visitors can easily get used to the li