ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Barack and Hillary are presidential candidates in the Democratic Party of the United State of America. The democrats are individuals who put strength in the people’s power to make decisions that affect their lives. Democrats are propelled by the principle of competitive election and allowing the majority to ride the day. The two presidential candidates stand as peculiar individuals in the history of the United State of America. Mr. Barack Obama-tracing his root in Africa- is out to be the first Black American to become the president of America while Hillary Clinton is out to be the first female president in the history of America. The question many people ask themselves is, why has it taken this long to change the history of this great renowned state in the world? Several factors come to play. The world today appreciates the process of evolution of democratic governance and recognition of individual rights and freedom (Bartlett Bruce., 52). Definition of world Initially, the world was defined by civil wars and cultural considerations. Ladies were termed as weak and vulnerable persons hence they could not compete at the same level as men, for instance, Hitler in Germany, who believed in the use of force as a system of leadership. Originality politics, based on culture and common historical background also determined the person who was to be entrusted with the power to control the country. These factors combined with racial discrimination could not allow the likes of Obama and Hillary to run for national leadership in the United State of America. With the institutionalization of democratic structures and increased globalization in the world now equality and equity count in many systems of governments. This, therefore, has made it possible for Obama and Hillary to contest for the presidency in America. Mr. Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton Mr. Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton have in the recent past shown a neck to neck kind of race in the presidential nomination battle. Obama enjoys the mass support of the men, young generation, and black Americans. To his supporters, Barack represents a generational change and racial liberation in the United State of America. This, therefore, enables him to garner more support from the voters to continue sustaining his candidature. Mrs. Clinton on the other hand prides herself on the outstanding support of the older generation, women, and the white race in the region. Together with her supporters, they are holding the monster of gender discrimination on the ground and to the world that even ladies do exhibit the unquestionable in-built-locked potential to offer leadership at the high center of power in the nation. Both of them are applauded for their representative well-articulated policies that take the interest of the common man at hand. Unlike the Republicans, who advocate for the status quo in the medical sector, they hope to initiate reforms to make medical services such as
Business Plan Executive Summary Home of Street Children is a nongovernmental and nonprofit marking organization that seeks to address the problem of increasing number of street children in the United States. This organization is getting into an industry where there are numerous other firms offering the same products. However, the approach that will be taken is different from that which other organizations are offering. The primary objective of this organization is to change the perception street children. The candidates who will be taken into this organization will be taken through psychotherapy in order to change their perceptions towards life, and especially towards living in the streets. This will make them get committed in staying within the many children’s homes or government facilities spread across the country instead of living in the streets. The organization plans to get its funding from donors, government, and other well wishers who share the same belief of transforming lives of these young Americans. Unmet Societal Need The United Sates has the largest economy in the world and an advanced technology that is yet to be matched by other nations around the world. Many people around the world still consider this country a land of opportunities. However, the issue of homeless children living in the streets of major cities is still an issue. According to Kloppenborg (1990), it is estimated that close to two million children live in the streets within the United States. This is a negative statistic that needs to be reversed. It is important to note that the need to address the problem of street children was felt several decades ago. This is so because the more we have children in the streets; the more the rate of insecurity is expected to increase. These children act as drug peddlers and also commit other crimes when they are left in the streets. The government and many other agencies have been working hard to address this problem. In 1974, Child Abuse and Treatment Act were enacted with the view of discouraging violence and other vices that motivated children to run from their homes. It yielded little fruits in stopping the increasing number of street children in this country. According to Heinonen (2011), the United Satates’ government enacted Runaway and Homeless Youth Act in 1978 to help reduce the number of children in the streets. The law created National Runaway Switchboard that was funded by the national government with the sole purpose of addressing the problem of street children in this country. Three and a half decades later, the country’s number of street children has increased more than four times. The country has even tried coming up with Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Detention Act to allow the government to forcefully arrest and detain street children. However, this has yielded very minimal fruits. Numerous organizations h
Introduction The 21st century is marked by the rise of social constructivism in psychology, sociology, and feminist disciplines. Social constructivism explains many aspects of our lives through the prism of stereotypes enforced by a dominant culture. It has become popular among many modern researchers and has helped refresh the views on many societal issues and problems previously analyzed in the context of biological and historical perspectives. One of the problems frequently observed in social constructivism is the relationship between gender, size discrimination, and fatphobia. Although it affects both genders, women are more likely to develop fatphobia and be discriminated against for their size than men. The issue of fatphobia, fat-shaming, and the societal perceptions of excessive weight is covered in “Size 6: The Western Woman’s Harem” by Fatema Mernissi and “Ideal Weight/Ideal Women: Society Constructs the Female” by Nita Mary McKinley. Although both articles address the issue of size discrimination as a gendered form of social and sexual control, the perspective of social constructivism ignores biological perceptions of excessive weight stigma and presents a narrow view of the subject. Review of the Articles The article, “Size 6: The Western Woman’s Harem”, by Fatema Mernissi connects the issue of fat-shaming, fatphobia, and societal enforcement of beauty norms as social constructs enforced by the male-dominated fashion industry. The author spends half of the article telling a story from her personal experience in a clothing shop to illustrate the problem, before making historical parallels with the fashion industry in ancient China, where women purposefully mutilated their feet to adhere to the male notion of beauty. She selects a book by Pierre Bourdieu, entitled La Domination Masculine , as the perfect explanation of the phenomenon, claiming that existing perceptions of beauty are products of symbolic violence and stereotypes that help men dominate and control women (Mernissi 75). McKinley, in her article, “Ideal Weight/Ideal Women: Society Constructs the Female”, examines the issue of fat-shaming, fatphobia, and cultural control by analyzing three key factors that are used to support existing social constructs (McKinley 109):   * Fatness is unhealthy;   * Fatness is not beautiful;   * Fatness is sexually unattractive. Although the author acknowledges that excessive weight is scientifically associated with unhealthiness, she claims that the concept of health is a social construct as well, just as beauty and sex appeal are. The final part of her research is dedicated to the efforts that are already being made and those that could be additionally made to challenge the connection between the virtues of health, beauty, and sexual attraction, and fatness. The conclusion reflects on the usefulness of social constructivism to dem
Introduction Apple Incorporated is a multinational corporation which based in the United States. The company is a long player in the computer and information technology industry. Since it was founded in 1977, Apple has made tremendous developments in its products making it one of the major firms in information and communication industry. In a general sense, Apple deals in designing and selling of computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers. The company has been known for producing various products that have revolutionized communication in the world (O’Grady, 2009b). This has made the organization gain strong grounds in the industry and to have a peculiar or unique identity as compared to other companies in that deals with technological products. The branded products of the company include the Macintosh computers, the iPod, iPhones and the iPads. These are hardware products. Also, there exists various branded software that the company has developed. These include Mac OS X computer operating system; iLife suite for multimedia and creativity; iTune media browser; and iWork suite productivity. In addition, other software include Final Cut Studio, which is a professional package for photographing; the logo studio, which has software tools for producing music; the iOS, which is a proficient operating system for mobile phones; and Safari web software. These and other products have turned Apple into an icon in the software and hardware technology industry (O’Grady, 2009a). By the end of the year 2011, Apple had 357 stores that are located in ten different countries across the world. Apple has a big online store from where it conducts online sales. As we speak today, apple has been rated as the largest trading company by marketing capitalization. Apple is the biggest technology firm globally in terms of the revenue it generates and the profits made by companies in the technology industry (Wang, 2012). Analysis of the Competitive Forces and Strategic Issues Shaping the Smartphone and Tablet Industry Smartphones and Tablets have brought about two major changes in the information technology industry. These changes are technology consumption that comes with the touch screen technology and its application and usability. The second change is the smartness of devices which covers the location, content and context of devices. This is usually refereed to as the exo-brain which is the level of knowledge applied in device innovation and development. The market has increasingly become consumers of technology. Therefore, customers value devices that have improved technologies in terms of the speed and the expansiveness of applications that can be handled by the devices in the market. Each company in the smartphone a
The changes in the world and society brought the changes in every area of the public’s life and its art, culture, and spiritual life. Thus, today the American poetry develops according to the contemporary tendencies, and a poem’s performance becomes the part of the vivid action basing on a number of controversial aspects discussed in the definite piece of poetry. The ‘Slam’ as a kind of poetry performance contributes to the realization of the poets’ motifs and intentions in the spoken word and to the satisfaction of the audience’s desire for provocations and controversies. Regie Cabico is a pioneer of the ‘Slam’ movement and one of the most successful its participants whose voice is not only heard by the public but also appreciated. Speaking about his origin, Cabico states that “I am the product of Filipino immigrants. I straddled African-American & Catholic, Redneck & Suburban Middle-class life to develop an ear for English, influenced by Tagalog, Spanish and Musical Theater” (“Introduction by Regie Cabico”). Although Cabico lives the most part of his life in Washington, D.C., he is a cosmopolite in his political, social, and religious visions because it is rather impossible to define the person in the modern society as belonging to one nation or one race. The problems of the individual’s identity, spiritual development, and religious ideals are the major motifs in Regie Cabico’s “Check One”. Cabico’s poem can be discussed as his vivid gospel with the help of which he declares his viewpoints on the meaning of the person’s spirituality and identity with presenting his cosmopolitism in all the visions including religious ones. “I stand proudly before you a fierce Filipino who knows how to belt hard-gospel songs played to African drums at Catholic mass” (Cabico 4-6). The poet admits the possibility to combine the culture of African-Americans and traditional Catholics. Regie Cabico’s main question in the poem sounds extremely loudly and attracts the public’s attention to the issue. It is also associated with the hidden question about the religious aspects because the poet accentuates the pecu
Introduction In a modern globalized world, cultures inherently interact and intertwine leading to transition and sharing of ideologies among individuals. In turn, this leads to particular cultural shifts and changes in practice as different populations begin to adopt radically foreign traditions. This case study will examine the ancient Hindu practice of Yoga and the cultural appropriation and integration of mass adoption in the West. Religious Encounter Issue The religious encounter issue examined in this case study is appropriation and transition of the Hindu religious and cultural practice of yoga for mass adoption in the West. Yoga in its original form is a deeply spiritual practice that was only reserved for individuals that had the appropriate status and training to do so. However, it was in India itself that Hindus enabled the tradition of yoga for mass use, not so much for religious purposes but rather its potential physical and mental health benefits. Eventually, the practice made its way West, becoming a more versatile, openly available, and commercialized aspect that drifted far from its religious roots (Orr n.d.). Yoga has a rich history of transitioning to the West, being identified in the nineteenth century by Western scholars. Initially, it drew interest due to its philosophical foundations. In the 1950s, it was popularized by scholarly literature examining yoga’s aspects of spiritual freedom, which could be used to divert from the pressure of a capitalist society. When the 1960s and 1970s liberalization and social progress movements began to occur in the United States signifying a shift in the status quo of conservative traditional socio-economic structures and identity of crisis, yoga became appealing. In concurrence, with an increase in media and communication technologies, cultural restrictions and boundaries began to fall, allowing the exchange of Eastern ideologies. Yoga became a practice that many sought out to use as a method to manage societal pressures, personal fears, and in the attempt to find a personal identity (Misiak n.d.). However, in this religious encounter, there is still ongoing concern regarding whether Christians should be practicing yoga and if the Western adaptation of it has severely distorted the orthodox traditions of the original practice. First Voice The first voice is an interview with professor Leslie Orr examining the origins and impact of contemporary “New Yoga.” She provides the history of yoga transitioning to the one described above. The primary conclusion is that modern yoga is a physical, and possibly spiritual practice, but it does not necessarily refer back to the elements of Hinduism. This movement has its basis in India itself, and as a result of intercultural exch
The blog discusses various types of sexual disorders. According to Grohol (1), sexuality is a normal psychological and sex-attraction tendency that exists in all the animals. However, it is more common among the human beings. Disorders in sexuality often manifest diverse facets of sexual influences on individuals’ normal life. Such disorders do not cause much psychological concern under ordinary circumstances until they grossly affect an individual’s psychological well being. They are normally undetectable until psychological influences are physically noted in the sense that individuals with these disorders often undergo normal living conditions, while executing their regular duties. Various studies released by the Harvard Health Institute indicate that sexual disorders are more prevalent in adult age than they are experienced in youthful stage as stated in the blog. The author argues that there are various types of sexuality disorders that affect individuals in many aspects. However, information for the management of the disorder is scanty in the blog. From the course learning objectives, most individuals exhibit similar symptoms which can be generalized as discussed below on each of the most common sexuality disorders. The blog states that the female arousal disorder arises from inability to sustain sufficient lubrication until the end of a sexual activity (Grohol 2). The resulting effect is a swelling response from the sexual excitement that previously occurred. The blog explains that this is attributed to the distressful moments and may lead to complications in interpersonal relationships. The blog is missing a lot of therapeutic information in addition to the fact that there is no direct relationship between the condition and mental disorders or psychological effects of abuse of substances, such as drugs or alcohol. Remedial attention information is also missing in the blog, and this relates to my st
Introduction Human beings are the part of the natural world that is why human relations, qualities, and attitudes can be discussed with references to the relations between animals as the reflection of the humans’ world where social interactions are meaningful. From this point, it is possible to accentuate the definite features of the human relations basing on the examples from the animal world. Thus, animals can be also presented as social beings because they live and communicate in groups which are organized according to certain hierarchies. Although wolves are often discussed as the symbols of independence and freedom in the natural world, these animals can successfully exist only in groups where two wolves make a pair in which relations are based on dedication and constancy. Wolves are fearsome not only for the other animals in the wood but also for those individuals who decide to take a walk in this dark wood. Wolves are free and fearless creatures. They are traditionally discussed in different cultures as the symbols of strength, freedom, and independence. Wolves are superb animals, and their strength is in their cold will and grace. People are inclined to be afraid of wolves and associate them with some kind of brutality. These misinterpretations and misunderstandings are typical for many persons. These people know little about the nature of a wolf. The unhappiest creature in the wood is the lone wolf which leaves its pack and tries to find the new home. It is almost impossible for wolves to live out of their pack because of the necessity to interact and struggle for living in a group. To be lonely is their punishment. Wolves live in the pack, and they do not know any other ways to live to satisfy all their needs. The lone wolf is an unhappy wolf. Wolves’ souls do not orient to loneliness as the part of their independence. Their souls are directed toward the dedication to their group. Packs are organized round the most experienced and honorable pair of wolves. The strength of this pair is in the fact of the incomparable devotion of the wolves to each other. Wolves form a kind of a family to live in a wood and be ready to any difficulties and obstacles because the wolf’s family is its pack, and the pack is the strong organization the main principles of which are to protect each other. Wolves are not aggressive in relation to the members of their own pack. The wolves’ enemy is any animal-stranger. Strong animals win, and wolves win because of their unity. The pack is the family in which relations are based on the traditional hierarchy. The head of the family is the father, the head of the pack is the leader, and its offsprin
The work provides a consistent assessment of the Second World War’s vanity through the analysis of reports, which were recounted by the activist of the time. First, the story by the American-Japanese, Yuri Kochiyama, Then Came the War , recount’s the author’s personal experience of an immigrant, who was discriminated during the war, according to his ethnicity. Mainly, the writing describes the outbreak of military actions in the world and their influence on the citizens of the USA. Kochiyama represents the cruel arrest of his father, who was sick, which inflicted his death. Moreover, he dwells on the hardness of living in detention camps, which were allocated to the government for the purpose of keeping all Japanese in one place. The recurrent stylistic coloring, which is given to the words “I was red, white, and blue,” reflects the central theme of the work (Zinn and Arnove 360). The author hints at racial diversity and discloses one of the most critical problems of the American culture – discrimination and inequality. The terrifying detailed of the last years of the Second World War are described by the Japanese activist, Yamaoka Michiko, in the story Eight Hundred Meters from the Hypocenter. In this work, the author recollects the tragic incident of the USA military forces throwing a bomb on the Japanese district. The consequences, which were inflicted by the event, included hundreds of deaths as well as the complete destruction of multiple buildings. Michiko, who was a young girl, received some face injuries, which distorted her appearance. The author also claims that there was no help from the government of the country to the injured citizens. Therefore, the primary motif of the story concerns the idea that the Second World War introduced much hardness for the global citizens, for the individual authorities could not cope with the management of the situation. The third story, which was provided by Gene, The Good War , reflects the opposition between the American government and Japan from the perspective of the U.S. Navy admiral. The author states that one of the major attacks of the Japanese occurred in Pearl Harbor, where the American was situated. The admiral recollects that the representatives of the U.S. military forces were extremely skeptic about the Japanese as the nation and a political leader. Therefore, the powerful bombing, which came from the side of Japan, was expected to be quickly neutralized. However, the assumption was faulty, for the attacking forces brought much damage to the U.S. Navy. In this context, Gene regards the issue of national identification and prejudice. He states that the Native Americans have always treated the other communities with inferiority. It was believed that the representatives of the white race could not be treated in the same way as the so-called “browned” Japanese. Therefore, the report certifies the idea of discrimination being one