ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Swiss design team of Herzog and de Meuron do more than house families or shelter crowds or businesses. They frequently use architecture to convey an ironic message about the uses to which their projects are put. In their innovative surface treatments, their creation of visual puns, as well as their expansive and flexible view of the functionality of various elements of a structure, they add layers of meaning and implication to their buildings. Their work can be appreciated as art, even if they do not explicitly intend for it to be (Ursprung, 2005, pp. 1,2) (Riley, 1999). As Wilfried Wang puts it, “They are attempting to combine the primary physical dimension of architecture with its ability to express conceptual qualities.” 1 (Wang, 2000, p. 7) Their work invites and demands that viewers and users of their buildings consider them from what they regard as a phenomenological perspective. World view For the average homeowner, the source of inspiration for a structure may well be its function. In a private home, is there adequate closet space? In business, does the layout enhance sales? In a public space, is it comfortable and safe? For most users or even commissioners of architectural creations, they are experiencing phenomenology 2 Without thinking about it To the Swiss duo, however, their phenomenological approach means that “their starting point is the intuitive and unconditional experience of phenomena as they present themselves “ (van den Bergen, 2005).m Their inspiration may include all sorts of items not ordinarily viewed as architectural 3 such as shells, rocks, and other sources of shapes, colors and textures (van den Bergen, 2005). Fortunately, their designs usually seem to address most of the basic practicalities as well Their earliest projects are described as adhering to the minimalist ideal represented by Mies van der Rohe and Corbusier (Wang, 2000, p. 7). Their projects for both very wealthy and the very modest have been of the utmost apparent simplicity (Ursprung, 2005, p. 3). This may be a reflection of their era’s knee-jerk revulsion of the Modernist school for decoration for decoration’s sake. They are clearly influenced by two major icons in contemporary design; Mobius and his flowing “blobs,” and Mies Van Der Rohe’ boxes (Riley, 1999, p. 30). On the other hand, in some of their projects, they challenge doctrinaire consistency. As Mack asserts, “Minimalism and ornament, bareness and baroque exuberance, concrete box and field of vision, volume and surface – by combining elements that have long been deemed incompatible, the Eberswalde Library challenges the tradition of modernism” (Mack, 2002, p. 39) However, it is also possible that their preference for simplicity reflects some early experiences, phen
“A habitat, or biome, is the type of environment in which plants and animals live” ( Habitats 2017, para. 1). In other words, a habitat is an environmental zone where particular species of animals, plants, and other organisms can be found. There are three main groups of habitats: terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. This paper is aimed at the comparison of two natural habitats, desert and rainforest, and two species of animals that live there. Deserts are terrestrial habitats. There are deserts all across the globe. Howard (2014, p. 6) emphasizes that “deserts cover about one-fifth of the Earth’s surface.” The area that receives less than 250 mm of rainfall a year can be named desert ( Desert 2017, para. 1). Contrary to popular belief, not all deserts are hot, dry, and sandy. Some deserts are cold. The brightest example of cold deserts is Antarctica that is covered by ice. Also, the surface area of most deserts contains rock and stones. The world’s largest hot desert is the Sahara. Cook and Vizy (2015) illustrate that the area of this desert is 9,200,000 square kilometers. Rainforests are terrestrial habitats too. It is characterized by a warm and wet climate. Hollar (2011, p. 44) describes rainforest as “a term for a forest of broad-leaved evergreen trees that receives high annual rainfall and is characteristically associated with tropical and subtropical regions of the world.” Rainforests receive from 1,5 to 2,4 meters of rain annually. Rainforests are often named jungles. Rainforests cover about six percent of the Earth’s surface ( Rainforest 2017). There are two types of rainforests: tropical and temperate rainforests. The biggest tropical rainforest is the Amazon rainforest in South Africa. There are some obvious differences between deserts and rainforests. However, the major difference is climate. Rainforests are warm and wet. Whereas, the majority of deserts are hot and dry and receive a small amount of rainfall annually. Despite the harsh climate, deserts do not lack life. To survive in the desert, animals and plants have to adapt to their conditions. For instance, plants that inhabit deserts do not require a great amount of water to live. When it rains, plants absorb as much water as possible very fast because water evaporates quickly in deserts, and it never goes deep into the soil. That is why a lot of desert plants have shallow roots. However, plants are scarce in deserts due to the lack of water, and the diversity of desert flora cannot be compared with a wide range of pla
Introduction It is no secret that education largely determines the future fate of many people. It is why an educational institution should be as effective as possible at all levels of its structure. Educational leaders are the people who optimize many processes within the organization, guide teaching staff, set the vision, and make the resources of the educational institution more efficiently allocated. They, and me, get these and many other skills from learning. Reflecting on the material is that part of the educational process that allows one to reconsider and rethink some things and learn new meanings. This reflection paper will discuss several aspects of School Operations for Student Learning and performance indicators for Georgia Department of Education (GADOE) Leadership Assessment Performance Standard 4 – Organizational Management. School Operations for Student Learning and Performance Indicators for GADOE Leadership Assessment Performance Standard 4 – Organizational Management It is safe to say that, and I think so, School Operations for Student Learning is crucial for all those enthusiasts to be educational leaders soon. There, students learn, master, and improve such essential organizational management skills as “assessing, planning, implementing and monitoring” (Georgia Department of Education, 2016, p. 1). The functioning of a school or college is highly dependent on what students have learned from their courses. For example, a school organization fulfilling its short and long-term goals using only available resources indicates that the leadership team has the knowledge of how to make the curriculum scheduling process systematic and collaborative. Timely identification and problem-solving show that managers within the educational organization regularly review the curriculum documents, collect and analyze relevant data. An educational institution’s performance and the leadership team’s awareness of their responsibilities and skills are deeply interconnected. The course shows that not only teachers but also the entire structure of a school or college determine the quality of education. Teachers’ use of common assessment methods indicates that educational leaders know public education state laws, regulations, and rules and apply procedures and measures necessary to comply. When “a common vision and mission have been developed through a collaborative process and communicated to most stakeholders,” it is a sign of well-developed shared decision-making within the organization’s staff and a workplace that is comfortable for all (Georgia Department of Education, 2016, p. 25). Another thing that also shows that the educational leader is competent
Indigenous people often suffer from the discrimination and denial of their rights by majoritarian ethnic groups. Nevertheless, the Internet can help them to draw attention to existing problems and seek protection from the international community. The Ainu, an isolated small group of people living in Hokkaido, Japan, try to maintain their identity after centuries of forced assimilation. Documentary videos, interviews, and articles on the Internet can help people draw public attention to existing problems and solve them. The Ainu People The cultural, economic, and social composition of the Ainu is not homogeneous, which makes it difficult to describe them. The people are indigenous to the north of Japan, they inhabit the islands of Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Kurils (Allorah). Currently, the Ainu have remained only in Japan, in particular, on the island of Hokkaido, where their number is about 25,000 (Peeler, 00:03:13). Although the people were under strong pressure from colonial Japan, which sought to assimilate the Ainu, they managed to retain specific traditional features. The Ainu live in small family clans of 4-10 families in sedentary villages. Their family structure is patriarchal, with a clear division of labor based on gender (Allorah). Traditionally, the Ainu were engaged in fishing, hunting, and gathering, using the biodiversity of the island and access to marine resources. However, due to constant contact with foreigners since the 17th century, the people have mastered animal husbandry and the sale of rice, which is now the basis of their economy (Allorah). Due to their knowledge of the local nature, the people manage to successfully use its resources for agriculture. However, modern Ainu reports high levels of poverty among the people due to lack of access to adequate education (Ainu still battlin
Aircraft is a name commonly used to refer to an airplane, helicopter or any other machine capable of flight. When carrying out aircraft maintenance, the main factor that is put into consideration is its evaluation. Effective aircraft evaluation results in the determination of its existing state and the probability of the failure of its body and engine parts. This thus leads to accountability of the entire aircraft’s lifespan. The evaluation can be done mathematically as shown using the three case studies below: Maintainability allocation of a series component An aerospace system consisting of four subsystems namely 1,2,3,4 and having maintainability MTTR of three hours will have a load reliability that corresponds to the reliability of each of the four subsystems. To determine this load reliability, one takes into consideration the success or failure ratios of the subsystems. In the case at hand, the constant failure rates are: 0.002, 0.004, 0.005, and 0.001 respectively. If these figures represent the failure ratios then the success reliability ratios will be: 0.998, 0.996, 0.995 and 0.999 respectively. Subsystem 1 Subsystem 2 Subsystem 3 Subsystem 4 = Load (0.998*100) * (0.996*100) * (0.995*100) * (0.999*100) = 99.7% (3hr/yr) + (3hr/yr) + (3hr/yr) + (3hr/yr) = (3hr/yr) From the above tabulation, it is evident that the aerospace has a 99.7% chance of completing a year successfully and requires only three hours maintenance duration for the first three years. However, the frequencies of services the aircraft gets in a year are not considered (Alexander 57). Equipment availability Catering for the availability of resources in the maintenance process will require the determination of the fleet size. In the scenario given, the fleet size is twenty, B 737 type aircrafts. Each staff has eight hours of active labor a day and works for 225 days a year, which translates into: (8*225) = 1800 hours a year. On the other hand, each plane has 3600 flight hours a year, but the flight hours between servicing is 1800. This means that each plane spends (3600-1800) = 1800 servicing hours a year which is equivalent to the average single staff hour. If that is so then the total number of employees required will be 20 i.e.: (20*1800)/1800. Each plane takes 1800 hours a year out for maintenance; this is equivalent to 75 days (1800/24), which consequently are 11 weeks (75/7) a year. The hanger space required for all the twenty aerospace is determined by multiplying the hanger space for a single aerospace by the total number of planes which is: 75 cubic meters multiplied by twenty, the number of planes, the product of the two figures is: 1500 cubic meters (Richard, 243). M
Introduction Wetlands habitats provide the world ecosystems with one of the richest biodiversity potentials, making them focal points of concerted conservation efforts the world over. The transitional role played by wetlands between aquatic and land habitats presents them as unchallenged options for wildlife and fish species (NOAA, 2013). Evidenced by the impeccable species abundance, diversity, and quality in health and fitness, wetlands remain a vital conservation highlight. This study focuses on the Great Lakes coastal wetlands habitat conservation status, against a backdrop of myriad challenges affecting conservation efforts of delicate habitats. Using biological indicators that point at the level of challenges at the Great Lakes coastal wetlands habitat, the conservation status characterization takes the form of a discussion backed by academic authority. Indicators relied upon in this conservation characterization include plants, microinvertebrates, fish, birds, amphibians, and covariates (Danz, Kelly, and Niemi, 2007). The Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands Habitat One of the most significant freshwater natural resources in America and indeed in the entire world, the Great Lakes spanning over 750 miles provide a home to thousands of species. Studying the Great Lakes ecosystems requires a clear delineation to define the scope of the study, which implies that the wetlands, in this case, will require a clear identification (Brown, Ciborowski, Hollenhorst, Host and Johnson, 2007, p13). Some of the threats include the invasion of aquatic life forms by destructive species as well as habitat loss. Such threats affect the fish species that the Great Lakes habitats have hosted for centuries. Avian botulism poses a considerable threat to bird species around the Great Lakes and patterns of the threat in the habitat indicate that conservation efforts must step up to the challenge. The water levels of the Great Lakes over the years, coupled with other related challenges such as climate change, imply that the life of the habitat depends on the delicate water volume factors. Other related water factors of the conservation status of the Great Lakes around water diversions, which hinge on the shoreline management efforts also contribute to the status of habitats (NOAA, 2013). In addition, non-point source pollution and sewer overflows from the human activities around the habitats pose the challenge of nutrients and minerals inflow into the waters. An illustration of chemical interaction with the Great Lakes and how it affects conservation perhaps comes from a consideration of the impact that pharmaceuticals have in lake waters. Plants Plantlife as an indicator of habitat integrity around t
Introduction The word business ethics means the capability of reflecting values and decisions affecting the daily operation of the business. Many companies try as much as possible to retain their markets while the new ones keep on tightens the race, the issue of business ethics dominates the agenda of many companies which results in spending an enormous amount of capital on social responsibility. Companies use billions of dollars on impressionable works, which is everything ranging from diversity protection, innovating eco-friendly know-how and then directing those efforts to the community as an ethical obligation. (Remi and June, pg R1) It is therefore known that the ethical credentials of any company need to be protected and this makes many companies assume that consumers will have to pay for quality products made with advanced ethical standards. However, the majority of the companies sink in without testing that theory or various other fundamental questions like, will the buyers in reality reward applied corporate performance by paying extra for products, and on the other hand will they discipline irresponsible actions by paying less? If yes, then by how much? And by how far does a company actually require to go to win the populace over and finally what is the business ethical stand? Factual and Ethical Issues To find out the answers to the above questions the following experiment was carried to find out how much extra will the public pay for an ethically produced commodity? (Remi and June, pg R1) And to a large extent how much lesser amount are they ready to spend on unethical products? For our benefit, “ethically produced” commodities are those manufactured under the following three circumstances. First, when the corporation is considered to encompass progressive stakeholder dealings, such as a dedication to diversity protection and customer protection. The second is that the company has to comply with the global environmental measure standards such as the use of eco-friendly know-how. And lastly, the company must respect human rights and abolish any possible form of inhuman labor. To find out this, an unsystematic group of 98 grown-up coffee drinkers were put together and asked how much they were willing to pay when given a pound of beans from an unknown company. (Remi and June, pg R1)The trade name that does not exist in North America was used, so not any of the participants could recognize it. However, before the answers, the whole group was asked to read a number of information concerning the company’s manufacturing standards. One of the groups got encouraging ethical information, while the other group got negative ethical information; the first group got exact results same as what the shoppers would normally know. After finishing reading and interpreting about the corporation plus its coffee, the participants said that the price value for the 12-point scale ranges from $6 to $16. The average cost for the ethical group ($10.71 for each
Introduction The client in this case (S in the transcription) is a seventh-grade student who was asked to talk to a school counselor by her teacher because she was concerned about the girl’s behavior in class. S seems to be struggling with school: she has trouble concentrating, cannot focus on a given task, and rarely turns in her homework. It is easy to see how such low academic engagement led to dropping grades. Mathematics appears to be the subject that causes the most problems for S. Moreover, she is disrespectful of teachers, which does not help her situation at all. Her problematic behavior can be attributed to the stressful family environment that she cannot change. S lives with mom, stepdad, and two baby sisters (twins). The girl finds the twins annoying and hates babysitting them, especially given that her mother makes her do that over the weekends. The counselor (C in the transcription) is trying to analyze the student’s behavior without scolding and criticizing her. The professional learns about the girl’s background and notices her interest in studying that is, however, somewhat impeded. The counselor helps S to open up about her problems and offers healthy alternatives. This paper provides a verbatim transcription of their conversation with analysis as well as a theoretical framework based on Carl Rogers’ views and a piece of self-reflection. Transcription and Analysis Verbatim Transcription                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Clinical Skills and Competencies                                                                                                                                                              Analysis of Clinical Thinking                                                                                                                                                                                    Evaluation of Counselor’s Response                                                                                                                                             C: Hi S, I’m very happy to see you. How are you today?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  C builds rapport with S by making the first impression warm and positive (Davis, 2015).                                                                                                       S needs to be sure that C is happy to see her and i
Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE) experiences climatic fluctuations from time to time. The region’s high population is a contributing factor to rapid climatic change. Other aspects affecting the climate in the UAE include increased temperatures, rising sea levels, h eavy precipitation, and shrinking glaciers. Furthermore, intense elements contribute to global warming, which results in acidity, drought, scarcity, and rising sea levels. The climatic change increases the country’s vulnerability, especially in the coastal areas, water factors, and dryland ecosystems. Moreover, the government of the UAE has aligned climatic mitigation plans such as the adoption of renewable energy, controlling emission of gases, and cultivation of technologies. Thus, climatic change is a problem for the UAE, and the following climate action plan could keep the climate situation under control. Impacts of Climate Change and Underlying Physical Processes Intense climatic changes in the UAE cause formation of greenhouse gases like carbon which then cause global warming. The coastal areas experience high temperatures and humidity, which lead to increased sea levels. Higher sea level as caused by direct sunlight makes the coastal region hot and arid. Indeed, the humidity of the coastal line could go up to 90% (Hereher, 2020). The major causes of increased temperatures in the coastal area are reclamation, oil-related activities, and dredging, which also endanger the ecosystem. The communities in the coastal regions witness changes in storm movement, intensity, and frequency. Increased sea level is experienced when the ocean warms and increases the sea surface temperature, which in turn leads to thermal expansion and change in sea levels (Hereher, 2020). Consequently, changes in sea surface temperatures lead to coral bleaching that harms the sea species. The general impact of change in sea levels affects the infrastructure, population, and sea biology. Another significant impact of climate change is the presence of natural disasters and disruption of water resources. Global warming increases the UAE temperatures and causes unequal distribution of water resources (Al Mehairi, 2019). Following the change in the balance of water demand and supply, some regions may experience floods while other face water shortage at the same time. In agriculture, increased weeds, higher temperatures, and the presence of harmful insects cause damage to some crops (Al Mehairi, 2019). Consequently, the region experiences food shortages, and more of the lack is expected in the future. Natural disasters like floods spread salty water and contaminate the fresh wa