ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Susan G. Komen for the Cure is a global leader of the breast cancer movement which has so far invested more that $ 1.5 billions since its inception in 1982 (Susan G. Komen For the Cure, 2010b). It is so far the world’s largest grassroots breast cancer survivors network. It also incorporates many other people such as breast cancer activists. The organization’s mission is working along with those generously supporting the organization to work towards better lives of those facing breast cancer in our community and support research which could offer a cure or better control of the disease (Susan G. Komen For the Cure, 2010b). The organization works with over 100,000 breast cancer survivors all over the world to offer support to them and initiate research which will help people understand breast cancer more. The organization’s vision is to have a world well informed about breast cancer through outreach, education research and even preliminary education. The organization focuses on funding research and educational programs which make it easier to detect and manage cancer as well as make the life of survivors and their families much easier. It is currently funding several research projects such as a cancer stem study which could be a breakthrough in identifying, tracking and killing residual tumor cells (Susan G. Komen For the Cure, 2010a). Apart from research programs, the organization funds educational programs as well as constructing cancer consortiums to help cancer patients manage the effects of the disease more easily. The organization raises money through partners who donate, organizational activities such as breast cancer race, investing on behalf of the organization and individual donations. From its budget, it is clear the organization places much importance on education and research. In 2009, the organization’s allocated 25% and 37% to research and education respectively (Susan G. Komen For the Cure, 2010a). Screening took 14% while treatment was allocated 8% revealing the organization’s financial dedication to preventive and early detection of cancer rather than treatment. The organization’s financial objectives include raising enough funds to fund more research and educational projects. Its most notable partners include American Airlines, Bank of America, Ford and Holland American Lines among many others. It has been recognized several times for its efforts including being rated among the most reputable charity organizations in the United States and in the world. Objective                                      Measure                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Target
Pre-Interview Impressions of a Counselor In this paper, an interview with a licensed counselor will be developed and analyzed. The peculiar feature of this kind of work is the possibility to develop a personal attitude to a topic before an interview, learn a lot during the interviewing process, and develop conclusions and attitudes to this profession at the end. Using different books and peer-reviewed articles, much information about the counseling profession could be found. For example, it is a well-known fact that the middle of the 20 th century was the period when this profession emerged as the possibility to guide people in personal, vocational, and academic matters (Schweiger, Henderson, McCaslill, Clawson, & Collins, 2013). Therefore, I understand that licensed counselors usually involve in different types of activities and could help at personal, as well as academic or professional, levels. Besides, I know that counselors may work in different disciplines like medicine, education, or business and follow the same endeavors because regardless of the fields and disciplines, there is one mutual goal, to empower an individual to accomplish personal goals and cope with emotional challenges (Scott, Royal, & Kissinger, 2014). I am not sure of the correctness of such an approach. Therefore, I want to believe that my further communication with a counselor could provide me with some answers and promote discussions about the role of counseling in human life. This time, I would like to focus on school counseling and interview a school counselor, who explains to me the peculiarities of this profession and describes the path of becoming an expert of children’s souls. I think that it is not enough to read books and booklets and consider the opinions of the experts to comprehend the value of this profession. Direct communication is one of the best methods to gather information and identify the strengths and weaknesses of being a counselor. Counselor Interview The interview occurs in a school, where the chosen counselor works at the moment. She is a too busy woman. Therefore, we agree to meet at 3 p.m. in her office that is a separate room in the school building with 2 large windows and several flowers in pots. There are also several pictures on the walls and two large bookcases. She meets me with a smile on her face and explains that she has about one hour for this interview. After nice greetings, we pass directly to the questions prepared beforehand. Why did you choose counseling as your job? Did you have this profession as your goal when you we
The term moral triggers different reactions amongst people and societies since everyone tends to hold onto a different perspective on the subject matter. Some of the concerns have been to underscore some of the underlying moral concepts, the relations among moral judgments and assumptions across cultures and their source(s). Morality can be understood as the human attempt to appreciate what is wrong and right about our thoughts and actions and further what is generally acceptable or refutable of an individual (Dahl & Killen, 2018). To a greater extent, human actions are never of free will but are determined by a number of factors. This makes morality a conglomerate noun that not only depends on religious belief but is influenced by other factors running as technology, culture, environment, family, nature, and education, among many others. In analyzing the morality of human actions, the determinants can be categorized into complex enterprise as it is directly affected by a number of conditions, either within or without. In judging the good or evil side of any human action, three elements must be put into consideration from which every deed derives its morality and ethical justification. Such parameters include the action’s objective, the circumstances engulfing the action, and the intentions of the performer. The moral objective of a human act connotes the effect to which an action intends to produce. Notably, the objective primarily focuses on the result alone without taking into account the intention or circumstances surrounding the action (Dahl & Killen, 2018). It is usually regarded as the direct cause for the moral judgment of an action. From the viewpoint of the objective factor, an action is usually classified as morally good, bad, or indefinite. For instance, when one sets fire to a bush near a human settlement, the primary objective of the action is to help keep the surroundings clean and safe, but the end result might be environmentally unfriendly (Dahl & Killen, 2018). The scientific view of setting fire on the bush would consider the action morally bad as it works against the sustainability of Mother Nature. Burning the bush would increase the chances of soil erosion and flooding in an area. As the soil layers are directly exposed to raindrops and lack the usual ground cover that helps keep the soil particles together. Such actions are morally unacceptable and determined by the environment rather than the religious factor. It fails to comprise the future life and, in turn, works against the assumption that morality depends on religious beliefs. The moral value of human action is also affected by circumstances as one factor. Here, the circumstance is attributed to the spatial relations in which something is situated outside of another but in close proximity (Zhang & Zhang, 2018). This insinuates the relation between human activities and circumstances, as human actions do not just exist as deeds performed in line with some end. They are connoted by details which can influence how the different actions are vied by people. Circumstance holds on to it the ability to make an action goo
Introduction Conventional financial reporting shows the firm’s disclose of the financial position of a firm (balance sheet), the financial performance of the firm (income statement), and the movement of cash flow (cash flow statement) (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004). Although these statements are very useful over time, they fail to give important information about the total productivity of the firm and the share of each team involved in the management of resources: shareholders, workers, government, suppliers, customers, and other stakeholders (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2004). Therefore, this paper will attempt to show firm’s value addition and how it is distributed to the stakeholders. Value Added According to Haslam and Neale (2000) value added is the accumulation of the wealth earned through productive utilization of the company’s resources such as assets before it is distributed to the owners, government, customers, creditors, employees, suppliers and the public in general. Value added as defined by Riahi-Belkaoui (1992) is the return generated by the firm to its owners, government, workers, and capital providers such as creditors, supplier and bondholders and it can be calculated by adding earnings before tax to the financing costs (interest) and payroll costs. Similarly, value added may be calculated by subtracting costs incurred during purchasing of the services or goods from the sales revenue. Additionally, the difference between output and input explains effectively the concept of value added, and in reality this is what is used by the government in calculating value added tax. Wood (1978) defines value added as a measure of the wealth added or created and distributed by the company through an activity like Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to various firm’s stakeholders such as shareholders, government, creditors, suppliers, customers among others. Thus, it measures net instead of firm’s gross output. In addition, International Labour Organisation, IMF, OECD, UN, Economic Commission for Europe and World Bank (2004) defines value added as the variance between firm’s output value created in a certain period and the firm’s input value acquired or purchased from various companies in order to produce the output. In the form of an equation, value added can be illustrated as shown below; Value Added = Value of the Outputs – Value of the Inputs There are two ways in which value added can be classified; Gross Value Added (GVA) and Net Value Added (NVA). GVA is determined by adding up sales rev
Statement of facts Joe, a salesperson, is involved in a case concerning the intentional sale of the goods at $600 lower than what the company actually authorizes. The customer who bought the products knew the products had been underquoted according to the sales contract but went further to make the purchase. Joe’s decision to sell the products at that price was personal; it was not the plan of the company. Tina was an employee of Giant Battery performing her daily activities when the accident occurred. Tina experienced much agony after the accident when her hand was injured, forcing her to resort to a series of medical attention such as skin grafting operations. In addition, she had to call off her duty in the Giant Battery Company while waiting for her full recovery. Thirdly, Tina’s injury was a cause for alarm in regards to drug abuse. Drug screening or testing of an employee is one of the ways to curb future instances of such accidents. As a commission mandated to safeguard consumers’ rights against exploitation and deception, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has a call of duty to attend to suspicious practices that occur in companies, and the Giant Battery was not an exception. In a free market, instances of competition are a common scenario among the companies. The move by Giant Battery Inc. to merge with Bigger Batteries, Inc. cannot be treated as an unfamiliar case. However, due to shareholders’ conflict of interest, many cases of merging are not achieved. The shareholders feel that the new identity may fail to favor their current situation. In addition, competition occurs naturally and the company that wins most of the customers conquers the market. Lastly, some companies fail to cope with the competition hence plans for a local arrangement with their rival for possibilities of integration are emerging. Such instances arise from the increment of production costs, demand shifts, and liquidation of the company. Issues presented  1. Is Giant Batteries, Inc. bound by the contact after Joe’s intentional sale at a lower cost?  2. Since Tina’s accident happened in Giant Batteries, Inc., is the company entitled to compensate her under-compensation statutes for employees’ injuries?  3. Is the move by the Giant Batteries to conduct random drug testing on all of its employees legally accepted according to the employees’ privacy rights?  4. What is the role of the FTC in protecting the consumers from malpractices of companies under the FTC’s bureau of consumer protection?  5. Following the alleged merging of the two companies, was there any violation of antitrust law?  6. After Bigger Batterie’s, Inc. decision to let their rivals buy shares, did Mr. Dummie’s wife and share broker violate security laws by buying the shares? Discussion In business, issues that are likely to arise, need attention to ensure a good employer-employee relationship after such conflicts. Therefore, the law plays a significant role in providing rights to both employers and employees as well as imposing duties of each party (Twoney, 2008). Binding by the contract “Total legal obligation which results from the par
The process of sleeping together with parents may be part of the child’s developmental process during the early years of life. According to Steinberg et al., it “allows mothers to reach for and pull their infants close for feeding or comforting” (107). Nevertheless, controversial issues arise regarding the strengths and weaknesses of this activity. On the one hand, infants feel protection that they need after leaving mothers’ wombs. Being close to parents allows children to feel secure and calm. On the other hand, if a child is not accustomed to sleeping separately from parents, it may have negative consequences in the future. The denial of individual bed space can cause problems in daycare and generally have a negative effect on the child’s psyche and nervous system. In my opinion, co-sleeping is acceptable in some cases when children feel discomfort, for example, a toothache. However, on the whole, the advantages of separate sleep are more obvious. It is important not to allow the child in conscious age to feel the need to fall asleep close to parents; therefore, this practice should be stopped no later than one year after birth. At the same time, it is crucial to pay attention to the phases of sleep and the cycles of awakening. As Steinberg et al. note, “the organization of the sleep-wake cycle reflects neurological maturation and the developing ability of babies to regulate their own states” (107). Although the child tends to sleep close to parents, it is necessary to teach babies that they have their beds. It will help to facilitate the process of sleep in the future and eliminate any manifestations of psychological disorders. Work Cited Steinberg, Laurence, et al. Development: Infancy Through Adolescence. Cengage Learning, 2010.
Texas is the second-largest state in the United States, and its significant role in the politics of the entire country is evident. It occupies the second place in the population endowment criterion among other states. Its importance for the agricultural and farming sector cannot be underestimated. In addition, it presents a crucial economic and industrial center. Despite all the aforementioned strong points and advantages of this region, there are considerable issues in the context of education, which should be addressed urgently. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the most serious problems in this field, make predictions on the future development on this base, and propose appropriate solutions. Although the rate of public-school enrollment is one of the highest in the country, there are multiple concerns in the sphere of education in Texas. One of them regards the fact that adolescent pregnancy appears to be a widespread event. The reason for that is the absence of sex education in the school curriculum. Therefore, students lack essential information on pregnancy prevention and safety. It should be taken into consideration that there is a likelihood of significant aggravation of the situation unless an appropriate subject is established. In addition, in the long term, it may result in an increase in children living in orphanages. For this reason, it is evident that sex education should definitely be an integral part of the school program. Another pressing concern for Texas is a low percentage of the population over the age of 25 with high school diplomas. Moreover, Texas ranks among the last ten states on the criterion of high school graduation rates. Such statistics may lead to negative consequences in the future, such as the lack of competent specialists in the fields, which require considerable mental workload, specific knowledge, and thorough preparation. This concern may also impact political life, as it is crucial to supply decent candidates in order to maintain the democratic regime. The lack of appropriate education may affect the extent of involvement of the population in political issues. Furthermore, a low number of citizens with finished school education may affect the general cultural context among the population, which may lead to an increase in criminal activity. Consequently, the necessity to stimulate the students to continue their education path is undeniable. A sufficient solution could be the establishment of some privileges for entering colleges and universities and discounts for the education payments for those who have received high grades. This measure wo
Exponential functions are functions of the form g ( x ) = n x with x being the variable and is the power of a base n which is a fixed number. For analyzing things with example g ( x ) = 2 x, , we evaluate the given function with selected ordered values of x. The function gives a range of values with respect to the values assigned. The testing of the function is done with both a positive range of values as well as a negative range of values (Stapel, 2006, a). Exponential functions graphs are developed on the basic property which suggests that exponential functions change by a given proportion over a set period of time. The outcome of an exponential function has the tendency of either being very close to one fixed value or will be too large. The exponential behavior observed in real-time experiments is seen in medical science when an isotope decays to half the previous amount every twenty minutes. Similar behavior is observed with bacteria culture that triples. In both cases, quantity changes by a constant proportion (Stapel, 2006, b). Now we develop the graph of the example g ( x ) = 2 x On analyzing the graph, we find that the values of the function for negative values are so small that they’re practically indistinguishable from the x -axis but with positive values of x, the function starts growing at a very fast rate (Stapel, 2006, a). The logarithm function is technically the opposite of the exponential function. The connection between the two can be understood with this demonstration: Let’s start with an exponential function: y = b ox . Now for this exponential function, equivalent logarithmic statement would be log ( y ) = x . The function is pronounced as “log-base- b of y equals x” and “ b ” is called “the base of the logarithm”, in the same way, b is the base in the exponential expression “ b ox “. For both exponential and logarithmic functions b is always positive and must not b equal to 1 (Stapel, 2006, c). There are rules for logarithms. Log Rules:  1. log b ( mn ) = log b ( m ) + log b ( n )  2. log b ( m / n ) = log b ( m ) – log b ( n )  3. log b ( m n ) = n · log b ( m ) (Stapel, 2006, d). By nature of the logarithm, most log graphs tend to have the same shape (Stapel, 2006, e).. We now begin with an example: y = log 2 ( x ). Values of y for different values of x give this chart.
Introduction Indeed, the just war wage policies (JWPs) were famous with the Vietnam War of 1961-64. However, it can be critically argued that the JWPs might fail in certain war cases owing to several challenges such as terrorism, lethal weapons, and genocide issues, which render this policy ineffective. Therefore, it is important to re-think whether this policy was actually important in the Vietnam war, and through such analysis, the scholars of history might be in a position to advise policy makers to either adopt or reject this war strategy. Analysis of the JWPs in the Vietnam War of 1961-64 The just wage war policy can be analyzed under different contexts. First, it is important to argue that the policy constitutes jus ad bellum , which justifies the underlying principles and reasons of taking the war advances. In addition, the study can be centered on the principle of jus in bello , which deals in justices concerning war conducts. Another principle to be analyzed under the JWPs approach in the Vietnam War is that of jus post bellum , which is concerned with war conclusions as well as the establishments of the peace settlement programs after the war (Biondi 119). In essence, the analysis of JWPs in this war would entail critical exploration of the jus in bello , with the aim of determining the combatants and non-combatants, and this is important in the sense that it makes it possible to prevent unnecessary loss of life among the innocent civilians. This principle is directly linked to that of jus ad bellum , which can be used to ascertain the causes that justified the conflicting countries to go into war (Biondi 120). In this analysis, the focus is not centered on rejecting or disapproving the relevance of the just wage war policy in the Vietnam’s case, but the essence is to establish its effectiveness in achieving the intended goals. For instance, the JWPs in the Vietnam War led to loss of lives among innocent citizens, thus it would be important to rethink or even revise this policy approach. Besides, it is important to incorporate religious variants as well as secure elements when addressing the suitability of adopting the JWPs in the Vietnam War since elements of moral and justice should not be overlooked when countries are going into war (Evans 1). Such loss of lives and destruction of property do not justify a country to engage in war activities. Therefore, war should be adopted as the last resort, only if all the possible