ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
As supervisor of this team I think it important that we take a multi-method measurement approach. As such we will combine qualitative and quantitative designs and tests to triangulate the perceptions and outcomes of my team. The literature shows that self-reflection and peer ratings are fantastic ways for small groups to gauge their level of functioning, cooperation and how to overcome interpersonal conflicts that may affect the outcome of group goals (Prebble & Frederick, 2007). Understanding of research design and measurement, particularly with regards to team functioning, is critical in health management science. Multi-disciplinary teams are required to service the individual needs and contextual parameters for a client/patient’s care. Thus, knowledge of how a group functions to identify best practices and weak processes is of tremendous benefit to health management workers, patients/clients and the wider community. In-depth interviews have been used in the past, such as in the research of Crother-Lurin (2006). She found that the team was able to identify challenges in building itself and in keeping an effective attitude toward working together. Her results were used to inform Canadian healthcare in terms of its organizational functions that affect teamwork and the implications of policies that exist at this time as well as their regulation and legislation pertaining to teams (Crother-Lurin, 2006). However, for this project it is felt that in-depth interviews would be time consuming, especially in terms of transcribing the recorded interviews and undertaking a thematic analysis. There is also a large margin for researcher bias in the way in which answers are interpreted. Thus, for this study the team I am a part of will undertake a single focus group with all of us at the beginning and end of our projects to give a pre post analysis of overall group cohesion, purpose and implementation of findings. From our first meeting each of us will keep a personal journal for self reflection of decisions and actions, grounding these in theories and models to guide better practices. Journal posts will be welcomed into discussions during activities to achieve goals, journaling about these discussions will be expected so that each member is continuously analyzing their own behaviors and choices and the consequences of these (Gray, 2005). And in doing so is making continual reference to up-to-date peer reviewed literature to ground conclusions and insights. Finally, inter-group review of performance will take place at the completion of each mini-goal. Likert scales and yes/no answers will provide as near to accurate as possi
Introduction Nuclear fuel is the fissile material used in nuclear power plants to start and sustain nuclear reactions, and to generate power. Some common types of nuclear fuels are radioisotopes of uranium and plutonium, such as U 235 and P 239 . Different types of fuels available are oxide fuels, metal fuels, ceramic fuels, liquid fuels, physical forms, less common types, spent nuclear fuels, radioisotope decay fuels, and fusion fuels. These fuels are characterized by different melting temperatures, densities, and the extent of nuclear flux they create. Nuclear fuel is made by filling zirconium tubes with a mixture of plutonium and natural uranium, or filling the tubes with enriched uranium pellets. Other fuels such as uranium dioxide is made of uranyl nitrate, mixed with ammonia and pressed into pellets. There are many other ways in which uranium fuel is prepared and the fuel composition depends on the type of nuclear reactors. Some categories of nuclear reactors are boiling water reactor, pressurized heavy water reactor, gas-cooled reactor, light water graphite reactor, fast neutron reactor, and others [1]. Irrespective of the type of nuclear reactors, these nuclear fuels have inherent dangers all along the nuclear life cycle made of phases such as ore extraction, refining, processing, casting, use in reactors, storage, transportation, and disposal of the spent fuel. The fuel is highly radioactive and any leaks of the coolant used in the reactors, can render the area for many kilometers from the leak unsafe. The process of nuclear fission can become unstable, leading to a breakdown of the core, causing rapid fallout of radioactive material. Transportation of the
Firms practice-related and unrelated diversification strategies. Related businesses are those with similar or related core value chains, while unrelated businesses have dissimilar core value chains. Companies prefer related diversification so that they can transfer important company expertise or employee technical know-how and other organizational capabilities. They can merge several businesses into one operation, or make use of the popularity of one brand to influence customer’s perception of a related product. Related diversification can create “cross-business collaboration” to strengthen business capabilities (David, 2011, p. 143). Some businesses disregard diversification because they find it hard to manage different activities. An example of related diversification is Google’s strategy as a search engine and an advertising firm. J. M. Smuckers & Co., with its business of jam, peanut butter & oil, acquired Folger’s coffee business. Unrelated diversification focuses on businesses’ capability and their “excellent financial performance” (David, 2011, p. 144), rather than on value chain strategies. Companies in this category look for portfolio firms with higher ROI. Portfolio diversification is a significant way of addressing risk and uncertainty in the investment environment. Companies invest in direct properties and look for firms with good portfolios using quantitative techniques (Olaleye, Aluko, & Oloyede, 2008). Analysts using this kind of technique require some statistics.
Abstract The paper provides an overview of Cyprus economic performance. The country’s economic growth has faced many market challenges including effects of neighbor countries financial performance. Cyprus entered its depression under massive macroeconomic imbalances resulting from political instability. The economic crisis resulted in the shrinking of the economy, and the austerity measures adopted led to the deterioration of living standards and the rise of social inequalities. Being a service market-oriented economy, Cyprus focus on economic growth involves the improvement of investment incentives through infrastructural development, government guarantees on loans, and enhancing of business licensing. Generally, the country’s EU membership has enhanced its international market advantages and consequently improved its focus on long-term growth strategy. Introduction Preliminary information shows that the Cypriot economy has experienced a continuous growth and expansion over the last three decades, it except for the period between 2013 and 2015, resulting in positive social transformation. The country’s geographical location acts as a bridge between Europe and Asia and Middle East countries, and strategically positions it as a business hub. The focus of the research paper is the analysis of the Cypriot economy with the objective of determining its current economic performance and stance. Specifically, this paper provides an overview of the country’s performance by evaluating its economic growth, unemployment, inflation, and fiscal factors that affect its performance. Economic Growth Cyprus is a service-based economy with a long record of successful economic performance. The economic assessment by the World Bank (2018) indicates that the country has maintained consistent growth in its GDP recording annual growth variation of 3.9% in 2017 up from 2013 recession low of -5.9%. Considerably, a healthy business environment, highly educated workforce, and favorable tax regime allowed the country to pass, within a short period, through the 2013 economic crisis (Featherstone, 2014; Michaelides, 2014). Additionally, besides its EU and Eurozone memberships, excellent business-friendly environment continue to attract international investors promoting the country’s economic growth. The country’s leadership has put in place mea
In physics, a new waveform results when two or more waves superimpose on each other, and this development is referred to as interference. This interference, as it applies to waves, is either constructive or destructive, or a combination of both. In constructive interference, “the amplitude of the wave that results is greater than that of the original waves” (Hecht 87). This occurrence is in contrast to destructive interference whereby the amplitude of the resultant wave is lesser than that of the original. Light is made up of waves, obeys all the rules of waves, and is thus subject to superimposition, and hence interference. For interference to occur, some conditions that relate to the source of light or waves should be taken into consideration. There should be coherence of the sources, that is, they must maintain a constant phase with respect to each other. The sources should also be monochromatic meaning that they have a single wavelength. A commonly used method to produce coherent sources is by using a single source of light and illuminating a barrier with two slits. The light emerging from these slits is, thus coherent. The waves spread out from the slits according to Huygens principle, and this divergence of light from the initial line of travel is what is called diffraction (Gordon, Beichner, and Serway 23). Thomas Young first demonstrated the principle of interference in light waves from two sources in 1801, where two slits acted as sources of the light waves. The waves were always in phase since they were from the same wave front. The light passed through the slits and illuminated a screen. A stationary interference pattern occurred on the screen. Constructive interference occurred where dark fringes resulted while destructive interference occurred where bright fringes occurred (Jenkins and Harvey 65). This case is an outstanding example of interference of light from a coherent source. The phenomenon of interference, depending on the mode of production, has traditionally been divided into two classes. In the first class, the division of the wave front into two parts produces the interference by use of the phenomenon of diffraction, refraction and reflection (Fowles 89). Young’s double slit experiment falls under this form of interference. Amplitude division of the incident light produces the second nature of interference. This occurs by either parallel reflection or refraction of the incident light. The resulting light waves reinforce each other after covering different distances producing interference. An example of this form of interference is Newton’s ring. The phenomenon of interference can explain the colors commonly seen on soap bubbles, oil slicks or even thin films. In all the above examples, interference pattern formation is by amplitude division. In the thin film observation, for example, plane waves fall on it, and light waves reflected from the lower and upper surfaces interfere with each other. Since the condition of interference
Even large multinational conglomerate corporations have proven to be vulnerable to cyberattacks, exemplified by the information breach suffered by Sony Pictures Entertainment. This attack led to the release of confidential information and a number of unreleased films and caused considerable damage to the company, as well as an uproar in the film industry. However, as noted by the Forbes article “What The Sony Hack Can Teach About Cyber Security”, the companies are unlikely to return to the old ways of managing IT security by closing their information off entirely, due to the public demand for digital openness (Dawson, 2015). This means that the companies have begun to focus their attention on developing other methods of cyber protection. Developing a company training program to educate employees on cybersecurity policies, procedures, standards, and guidelines to ensure state and federal cyber law compliance is a difficult and a meticulous task, which needs to take into consideration both present and future dangers, the nature of the business itself, and other individual needs and vulnerabilities. The first step in developing a sound cyber training program requires creating a training program, which would define objectives, within reasonable deadlines. A special group would need to be dedicated to designing and implementing such a program. The second step would be to establish the conditions of successful cybersecurity programs. To maximize the result the right people need to be selected for the job would. Besides possessing essential IT skills and experience, the personnel involved in the training needs to go through extensive background checks, to ensure no conflicts of interest or even potential malicious intent (Eastton & Taylor, 2011). The resulting participants will be provided a tool-based and a narrative-based training. Tool-based workshops will focus on mastering the software and hardware used by the company to protect itself against both internal and external attempts of cyberattacks. This training will also provide the staff with information about the types of software that can be used against the company and will be given a chance to acclimate themselves with their functions. This training will include workshops, practices, and role-playing exercises, aimed at reaffirming the learned practices and routines. The narrative-based training will focus on the theory of cyber dangers and security, and teach them about the tactics used by cyber attackers, the cybersecurity policies, procedures, standards, and guidelines they need to
Personnel empowerment refers to giving employees power and the capability to make decisions on their own; the concept means that employees are trained and coached on making the right decisions for the company in the event they have been left in such a situation. Emphasis on employee empowerment was developed in the 1980’s in the era of strategic management concept development; the area has undergone numerous developments with management gurus coming up with new approaches. For example in the 1990’s management gurus developed the concept of delegation which happens to be a strong support to employees’ delegation (Legge, 2004). the topic of human resources empowerment is crucial in contemporary business studies as it gives managers wide knowledge of how to handle their workforce. This paper discusses how effective human resources managers empower their human capital to enhance their competitiveness; the paper will give reference to the hospitality industry players. Human resources empowerment Organizations require physical, human, and financial resources for their operation. Management scholars have continually argued that human resources are the most precious resources that organizations have; however to benefit from these resource effective personnel management strategies should be adopted (Bright and Earl, 2008). Human resources department within an organization has the role of establishing effec
The international relations can be either strained or relaxed, reflecting the relationships between the countries. Though globalization made the relations between most countries more favorable for the development of economies and partnership, it is necessary to remember about the balance of powers that makes the cooperation possible while force concept should be analyzed to evaluate the necessity for interactions and responses to inequalities. As such, the role of forces, especially military ones, should not be underestimated for international relations and major conflicts in terms of bipolarity or unipolar system. The role of the military force in contemporary politics is as high as it was in the period of the cold war which is marked with two devastating conflicts that influenced the economic, political, and social stability of both superpowers talking about the United States and their Vietnam affairs and the Soviet Union and Afghanistan. When two superpowers became involved into a conflict which was the major issue of the entire world being the challenge and a problem for all, a concept of a strong state was to be considered because the stronger state could spread its influence on other countries while the theory of overstretch identifies the collapse of empires as inability of states to commit their obligations before other countries. Though the multipolar system is more stable and typical of the current globalization situation because there is a number of strong states able to perform their obligations, the situation of the cold war period was a bipolar one being substituted by the tripolar when China got stronger. The theory of imperial overstretch can be applied to both major conflicts that took place I the cold war period when the Soviet Union supported the Vietnamese communist camp while the US-supported Afghanistan in the Soviet war against it. The domestic politics of every state in this confrontation play a crucial role as the stability inside the country enable it to oppose the external opponents. As suggested by Ferguson and Kotlikoff (2003), “America’s chronically unbalanced domestic finances” (p. 2) can be considered the reason for its inability to commit its obligations and promises it gave in terms of financial and ideological support as well as military aid. Though the conflicts between the US/Vietnam and Soviet Union/Afghanistan were financial devastating for economies of more countries than these two superpowers, “Today, colonial rule is not only widely condemned but far too costly, as both cold war superpowers discovered in Vietnam and Afghanistan” (Nye, 200
Health issues in women have raised a lot of concern in many nations. Women have several health issues that are unique, and that calls for special attention. Although some of these health issues are also similar to men, they affect women differently. For example, both men and women experience heart attacks, but women are more likely to die from heart attacks than men. Some of the health issues that are unique to women include breast and cervical cancer, issues to do with pregnancy and menopause. The health of women is very crucial for any nation that is aspiring to grow. Therefore issues concerning their health and well-being should be put into consideration by the policymakers and addressed accordingly. This research paper aims at exploring women’s health issues and how they can be prevented or detected early and treated. The article by Dodds (2007) explains some of the nutrition-related issues in women. The article states that some of the nutritional health-related issues in women can be attributed to certain factors that put them at risk. One of the main factors that are linked to women’s health is the social-cultural values. This factor forms the main source of women nutritional health issues. This factor defines the body size of a woman and her general body health. In many communities, it is the role of a woman to decide what meals to cook. Women are also the ones who do the cooking in many cultures. This factor puts the women in a position where they have to taste and possibly eat a lot of things when they go shopping or when preparing the meals in the kitchen. It is also worth noting that women work less as compared to their male counterparts in many communities. When they eat a lot with little of the energy generated being utilized in the physical activities, then this puts them at very high risks of contaminating nutritional diseases like obesity and some of the heart-related health issues. The economic status of women is another factor that attributes to their health-related issues. The article points out that, compared to men, women are at a much lower status economically. For single mothers, the situation is even worse. Low economic status does not only limit women in acquiring daily balanced diets, but it also limits their health care services and other resources that are vital for good health. This factor if not addressed, can lead to serious health issues in women. From the article, women are blamed as the source of the nutritio
Executive Summary The tourism industry in Amsterdam has become important for the economic development of the city. It attracts millions of people who may have different lifestyles, interests, and values. It is characterized by extreme competitiveness among businesses. The growth of this economic sector can be attributed to the cultural heritage of Amsterdam and entertainment opportunities that it can offer. This area of economy is still open to new entrants. Introduction This report is aimed at examining the peculiarities of tourism industry in Amsterdam. In particular, it is necessary to focus on the way in which various external and internal factors can shape it. Much attention should be paid to political, social, economic, technological, and other forces. Moreover, one should concentrate on the competitive environment of this industry. In this context, the term tourism industry can include various organizations such as hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and other businesses. Contemporary Amsterdam attracts people who have different values, priorities, or interests (Dunford 2003, p. 53). This popularity of this city gives rise to the development of a very competitive tourist industry (Statistics Netherlands 2012). These are the main issues that should be examined. Industry Analysis Industry overview and major trends This paper will be focused on hospitality institutions that operate in Amsterdam. Among them, one can distinguish hotels, restaurants, cafes, resorts, and other organizations that provide services to travelers. In the global context, its role is not very important since it constitutes only a small fraction of the national economy. Nevertheless, it does contribute to the development of global economy. For instance, in 2010, the city was visited by 5.3 million tourists (Research and Statistics Economic Development Department, 2011, p. 1). They brought extra revenues to airlines, and travel agencies that could be located in various countries. Overall, researchers believe that there are positive trends in the development of the Amsterdam tourism industry. In particular, they look at such indicators as the number of tourist arrivals or bed nights 1 (Research and Statistics Economic Development Department, 2011, p. 1). Even during the economic recession, these indicators were growing. For example, the number of tourist arrivals grew by more re 10 percent during the period between 2007 and 2009 (Research and Statistics Economic Development Department, 2011, p. 1). Therefore, tourism industry in this city is resistant to the effects of global recession. This is one of the main aspects that should be taken into account. The city of Amsterdam and tourism Amsterdam can be viewed as the commercial and technological centers of the Netherlands. According to various rating agencies, this city is one of the most comfortable ones (Hobbes 2009, p. 115). This means that it has necessary infrastructu