ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Brain based learning is “learning by participation in realistic environments that let learners try new things safely” (“Brain-based Learning,” 1) as opposed to traditional schooling through lectures that inhibits the way the brain naturally learns new things. Explaining how learning takes place, Lucas says that “basically learners extract some type of meaning from all stimuli that that they encounter. A stimulus is anything with which the brain comes into contact through the five senses (sight, sound, touch, taste and smell)” (2008, p.4) This report has two parts: Part one shows how the sense of sight and the sense of sound can be used to help a grade 2 pupil learn how to measure time in a math lesson. Part two focuses on the importance of emotions in the learning process. To demonstrate how the sense of sight can help in brain-based-learning, the teacher can come with a wall clock and place it where all the pupils can see. Allow the pupils to examine the clock. Ask them to count the calibrations on the clock face (see figure1) explain other visible features like the clock hands, the clock adjusting mechanism and so on so that the pupils have a pretty good perception of the workings of a clock. (Figure 2) Figure 1 – clock face Figure 2 clock With this background information it is now possible to help pupils learn how to measure time. Make the students observe the ‘seconds hand’ of the clock making a full revolution explain what that means. Use this same pattern to explain the ‘minutes’, and ‘hours’ hands of the clock. This can form a basis to teach about seconds, hours, days, weeks, months and years. All this learning occurs because the pupils can see an actual clock at work. The sense of hearing can also help in the learning process. Ensure that the class is so quiet that the ticking of the clock can be distinctly heard by everyone. Ask the students this question: What is time? Then tell them to ‘listen to time as it passes.’ The teacher can tell the pupils to close their eyes and count each click. As the clock ticks the teacher can have the students appreciate the interval between seconds as the basic measure of time. Tapping the tops of their desks in rhythm with the ticking of the clock will create a mental impression of time. The importance of emotions in learning is that “emotions are responsible for building academic constructs in the brain and provide a foundation for symbolic thought process,” (Hirsh, 2009). Hirsh further explains that symbols are the genesis of learning. Teachers concentrate on helping children to be able to util
Introduction The United States faces various issues. Some of them include economic crisis and unemployment. As a result, homelessness has risen over the years. The city leaders have developed different resolutions to the problem. The politicians also use this issue as their campaign platform. On June 2 nd , 1998, Mayor Paul Schell addressed the public on the issue of homelessness. He asked the City Council to assist in availing emergency assistance to the homeless. This step was significant in providing a long lasting housing solution to the homeless people in the society. Mayor Schell noted that the issue had been persistent and it would be sensible to find better ways to help people to acquire affordable housing. In his closing comments, he promised to eliminate homeless families from Seattle streets by Christmas 1998. Considering the case study of “Mayor Schell’s Zero Homeless Family Strategy”, this essay will analyze the four policies that Mayor Schell organized a section of his preparation to the homeless, examine the pre-implementation, design plans of Mayor Schell, and examine four realistic results of his choices. The paper will also highlight the steps taken by Mayor Schell to redesign the program in order to fit the fresh goals. Finally, the paper will study four reasons for the importance of conducting assessments before new program implementation (Norton & Weeks, 2006). Analyze four (4) policy choices of Mayor Schell that were made as part of the strategy for the homeless The King County Community Homelessness Advisory Committee developed strategies that could be used to reduce the level of homelessness in Seattle. The first strategy that the committee advocated was that the city could offer maintenance services to the existing housing structures while their size remained constant. The Committee created this strategy because they wanted additional funds to be used on other development missions and housing. This strategy is expected to improve the condition of current housing conditions. However, it will not reduce the level of homeless people. This strategy cannot accomplish the Mayor’s pledge to remove all the single women and homeless people from the streets (Norton & Weeks, 2006). The second strategy was to advise the community to focus on housing and services that assist people to regain their long-term stability. This would help to reduce homelessness in the lon
Despite global economic recessions and financial downfalls, hospitality industry continues to spread its magical effects in different corners of Asian countries with commendable services and launches of enchanting infrastructures of hotels and vacations spots (Abu Khalifeh and Som, 2012). Recently, an event has taken place in Hong Kong, in which a group of W hotels have launched their most innovative and remarkable design concepts of residences for tourist across the globe. Modern and new style luxury, with sharp and beautiful cut edged architectural and interior designs have evidenced that professionals are working creatively to make improvement in hospitality services in Asia (Etravel Blackboard, 2012). Another grand even took place in Honk Kong explaining progress of hospitality industry services in the regions for different clients coming from all over the world. An event of grand opening of Crowne Plaza Hong Kong Kowloon East, Holiday Inn has been celebrated recently. It is first time in the history of Hospitality industry of Asia that, twin-brand projects have been launched, which are expected to bring new era of Hospitality in Hong Kong (4-traders, 2012). Manila serves as a cultural, political, economical, and social community centre for citizens of Philippines and a foremost opportunity destination of the Southeast Asia (Eturbonews). Current announcements from Hilton Hotels and resorts show their strong commitment to grow aggressively in the Asia Pacific region and redevelopment of their hospitality brands across the globe (Eturbonews). Also, their collaboration with world class travelers like International Hotel Group Inc., ensure that Hilton Manila has potential to capitalize their business on the strong national and international demands from travelers looking for high-quality accommodations (Eturbonews). Moreover, it has been observed that Hilton Hotels and Resorts is one of the most out-class and leading brands of Philippines and it marks remarkable milestone for their frequent progress in this locality of Asian region (Eturbonews). Their brand portfolio has recently spanned more than seventy-five states and they proudly announced to bring authentic hospitality to tourist and residence in this region of this region of Philippines (Eturbonews). Additionally, it should be noted that this prediction has been proven correct by the Singaporean hospitality services, as they have gained reputation in the market with record breaking performance in 2012, specifically tourism and restaurant services made remarkable achievements this year (Hospitality Net). Therefore, from the above discussion, it should be noted that the hospitality services in the Asian regions are progressing day by day with advancements in the communi
Confined Morality Dostoevsky describes pictures of St. Petersburg, described in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment, demands our attention the claustrophobia one can experience – the streets are tight and narrow, and seem to place pressure and come down on those who live there. Looking to Raskolnikov within the city, we come to know that he constantly sees the ‘yellowness’ of the city. The heat of St. Petersburg comes down on him, and he feels indifferent to another man’s life. This creates in him sickness and disgust for his way of living. “At the beginning of July, during an extremely hot spell, towards evening, a young man left the closet he rented from tenants in S—–y Lane, walked out to the street, and slowly, as if indecisively, headed for the K—–n Bridge”(3). Here many readers see not the peculiarity of St. Petersburg’s climate in midsummer, but also its affection when committing a crime. Furthermore, we should note the particular emphasis on the description of spatial peculiarities of rooms in the novel. Additionally, a neurosis of Raskolnikov is that he has a tendency to simplify everything – even to the extent of his crime, which he compares to “physical derangement” and “piece of dry bread.” As mentioned earlier, the tightness of the city can cause claustrophobia. This, at first sight, seems just to be the picture of Raskolnikov’s cramped bedroom or Sonya’s flat, which is compared to a barn: “Sonia’s room looked like a barn; it was a very irregular quadrangle and this gave it a grotesque appearance….” (4) However, beyond the physical dimensions of the room, we ought to look at Raskolnikov’s psyche regarding to everything including Sonya’s relatives, particularly, her father, who was always drunk. Additionally, this claustrophobia is also a result of his poverty. We see that he constantly mentions rich people and his envy and resentment for them – saying that they are of no use to society. Looking at the house where Raskolnikov lived: “The small room into which the young man walked, with yellow wallpaper, geraniums and muslin curtains in the windows, was at that moment brightly lit by the setting sun”(7). Set in the greater context of the book, the “setting sun” here seems to suggest a general decline of Raskolnikov’s conscience which transforms to promote his malicious intent. The world of literature is the art reflected on paper. To this day, many writes and their works still irritate our conscience. During times of progress, this flow of psychological pressure never stops, especially when the morality of a character comes into question. The outstanding Russian classic writer
Introduction Total quality management (TQM) is a philosophical framework that involves constant control and improvement of the quality of products, services, and processes. Quality improvement concerns each person engaged into the development and consumption of products and services that a business firm offers. TQM is premised on four major pillars – management, suppliers, workforce, suppliers, and customers. All these premises take control of supply and demand level, as well as customer satisfaction with products and services. The main task of an organization is either to meet or exceed consumer expectations. TQM involves nine major practices. These are cross-functional product design, information and feedback, process management, customer and employee involvement, supplier quality management, committed leadership, cross-functional planning, and strategic planning. All these dimensions are confined to proper human resource management, organizational learning and development, and readiness to introduce constant innovation and technological advancement. In addition, TQM is also connected with Six Sigma, a new concept that also involves both quantitative and qualitative dimensions of carrying steps of quality management. Thesis Statement Total quality management is a complex notion covering human, product, and technological process as the basic dimensions leading to constant improvement of the quality of services and products. Main discussion Human Dimension of Total Quality Management Quality management practices are applied in many business organizations because it contributes to the success and organizational performance. However, inappropriate implementation of strategies and resources can lea
Abstract This research proposal is going to con duct a study aimed at developing reliable and valid ways of assessing teachers’ effectiveness. This study is influenced by the fact that currently effective methods of assessing teacher performance are still missing in the United States. Most states are using classroom observations and test scores, which are still unreliable. Introduction Increasingly, efforts aimed at understanding why some teacher’s impact on students more than others, is on the rise. Determining what is effective teaching and how it can be evaluated is now a concern for educational policy makers. On the whole, proper teaching is directly related to performance of students. Regardless of this consensus, there is still a wide conflict on the effective strategies and design to assessing teacher’s effectiveness and how such should be used to advance learning. Therefore, this research paper aims to illuminate on the most effective methods to evaluate teacher’s effectiveness and performance (Butler, 2007) Problem Statement The formula for measuring teachers’ effectiveness has predominantly proved elusive over the years. Only traditional methods such as ability and educational qualifications have been considered in teacher selection, ignoring other important aspects. This is perhaps the reasons why the current educational curriculum has been producing half-baked graduates. Study Hypothesis The hypothesis of this study is: Traditional methods of assessing teacher effectiveness are likely to give inaccurate results. Study Goals The overall objective of this study is reinforcing other non-traditional methods to evaluate teacher’s effectiveness with a view to influencing policy directions. Significance of the Study The study is significant as it outlines the existing gap in determine teacher effectiveness. In the end it will help in streamline policy intervention measures to choosing effective teachers able to prepare students for career and college education. Literature Review This section sets the theoretical framework upon which the study is grounded. It relates to the conceptual theoretical scheme within which t
Abstract Multinational organizations understand how important financial management is when it comes to undertaking various strategic projects. These firms are always faced with the problem of numerous needs that must be met with the limited resources within the organization. A number of environmental factors, both internal and external factors, always define the approach that financial planning takes. In this paper, the researcher will look at how Tata Motors and Baidu Incorporation use financial management practices to achieve success in their operations. From the analysis, it became apparent that Tata Motors is always concerned about the need to protect financial interest of its shareholders in most of its financial management practices. On the other hand, Baidu Incorporation has always employed financial management principles which are more focused on how the firm can achieve lasting growth within the existing legal structures. Each of the two approaches has worked differently to help these two firms achieve success. This may be attributed to the uniqueness of each firm and the different environments in which they operate. It comes out clearly that there are no conventional financial management practices which are universally acceptable. This analysis strongly recommends that a firm should always try to employ financial management practices which are most appropriate to its internal and external environmental forces. Introduction Multinational organizations use financial management practices in different ways based on a number of factors within the environment where they operate. Brigham and Daves (32) define financial management as “The efficient and effective management of funds in such a manner as to accomplish the objectives of the organization.” It is a specialized task that is often associated with top management unit within an organization. Successful organizations around the world owe their success partly due to the efficient management of the resources at their disposal. The management must know how to use its financial resources by prioritizing all financial obligations. The sources of finance must also be clearly defined. As Petrick says, the management must know when it is appropriate to get additional financial resources through borrowing or through sale of shares (55). These are some of the critical management issues that would define the ability of a firm to overcome various environmental challenges. Multinational organizations face even greater challenge when it comes to financial management practices. In most cases, these firms always avoid the temptation to fund their already established branches using the resources available at the headquarters. They would treat each of the branches as an independent entity that shou
The Articles of confederation, which served as America’s first constitution, was a union of thirteen nations that legally instituted the United States of America. It was prepared in the year 1776, implemented in 1777 and finally ratified in 1781.The articles gave authority to the Continental Legislature to control the American Revolutionary War, manage international relations and handle territorial issues. The Articles of Confederation, however, proved inadequate in administering the state (Dougherty, 2001). One of the reasons that led to the failure of this constitution was the fact it lacked an executive branch hence exerting more power into the state. Since the constitution lacked a chief executive, it had no leadership in the central regime. The people did not elect a chief executive because they were afraid it would become a monarchy (Henretta, Edwards & Self, 2011). The second reason accounting for the inadequacy of the constitution was the lack of unity in the nation. Under the confederation, America still acted like a single colony and due to this, it was not able to enact new laws since for a new law to be passed, then all the thirteen nations were required to approve it. It was not able to solve conflicts due to the lack of a national court (Greene & Pole, 2007). Economic issues arising because of the confederation was the third inadequacy. Since America still acted like a single colony, it lacked a common currency. Under the articles of Confederation, the constitution did not have the power to tax or even collect levies from the citizens. The constitution could only ask for levies from the thirteen nations and as a result, many nations ended up not paying. Another economic issue that led to the failure of the constitution is the fact that it could not collect outstanding amounts owed by the state to the central government (Watts, 2006). Another inadequacy of the Articles of confederation was its troubles while participating in foreign matters. Due to the absence of a chief executive, America could not effectively communicate with other nations. Under the Articles of confederation, trade could not be monitored and, America was thus not able to trade internationally. Under the Articles, America could not draft soldiers and in cases of war, then the nation had difficulties in finding volunteers (Greene & Pole, 2007). Under the Articles of confederation, it was difficult for America to approve anything in the parliament. Nine of the thirteen nations had to concur on any proposition before it became a statute, and this was quite disadvantageous for the nation since it required a common judgment by the thirteen states. Among persons who are more recognized by their state than their country of origin, as is the case in America, it was not easy to achieve the required majorit
Introduction The Civil Rights Act 1964 came at a time when the United States was embracing the initial steps of affirmative action. For this reason, the Act was set to prohibit employers from performing any version of discrimination against employees based on variables such as race, gender, color, religion, and national origin. Specifically, within the Act, Title VII was most direct in its antidiscrimination provisions. The Act created obligations for employers concerning the treatment of their own employees as well as the corresponding duties of employees towards their employers. However, since the central goal of the Act was to cushion employees from discrimination, it leaned towards imposing obligations on employers more than it sought compliance with employees, with specific exceptions. One such exception is critical for the present scenario and it deals with “failure to accommodate” claims. As noted above, this statute imposes many obligations on employers and one such obligation is the requirement that they accommodate their employees’ needs concerning religious observance or beliefs if the said requirement does inconvenience by causing “undue hardship.” In the quest to further define undue hardship, courts have allowed two essential determinants, first is cost for which the set standard is that the accommodation should not surpass “de minimis” costs, which is an amount calculated by evaluating the cost that this particular employer shall incur as well as the number of employees that shall need to be accommodated. Notably, administrative costs incurred while rescheduling shifts is deemed “de minimis” (Brougher, 2007, p. 69). Secondly, courts have included security rights as a justified impediment to accommodation of employees’ wants or needs. This requirement holds if granting the accommodation sought would interfere with a preset seniority system. There seems to be a particular reverence accorded to seniority systems. The Supreme Court in Trans World Airlines v Hardison 432 U.S. 63 (1977) noted, “The employer did not violate Title VII when it used a religiously neutral seniority system to determine employee work schedules” (Brougher, 2007, p.67). This stance is somewhat solidified by the absence of a requirement in Title VII for seniority systems to let up and accommodate employees for religious observance. At 29 CFR S 1605, 2 (e) (2), the statute provides that seniority systems create, “a neutral way of minimizing the occasions when an employee must work on a day that he would have preferred to have off” (Cihon & Castagnera, 2011, p.203). Consequently, in the scenario that informs this paper, the established claim is one for “failure to accommodate” a former employe