ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article titled “HRM and strategic climates in hospitals: does the message come across at the ward level?” was written by Monique Veld, Jaap Paauwe, and Paul Boselie, and published Human Resource Management Journal in 2010. It is a relatively recent academic and peer-reviewed medical research article. In this study, the researchers examined the pursuits of two strategic goals for hospitals, which are the quality of medical service and safety measures, through the prism of HRM efforts at the ward level, as well as employee perceptions of these strategic goals and generation of the desired effect. Purposes of the Article The immediate purposes of this study are several. First, the researchers aim to test several hypotheses in regards to the effectiveness and effects of HRM strategies on medical service quality and safety. These hypotheses are (Veld, Paauwe, & Boselie, 2010):   * Introducing a strategic climate to promote medical service quality and safety would have a positive effect on the ward commitment.   * Shared perceptions and understanding of the implemented HRM practices improve ward commitment.   * The presence of a strategic climate would ensure said shared perceptions and understanding of HRM practices.   * Common understanding of the HRM performance management practices positively affect the strategic climate and the quality of medical treatment.   * Common understanding of the HR autonomy practices improve the safety climate.   * Improved communication reflects on both quality and safety components of the overall HRM strategy.   * Common understanding of the supervisor performing behavior improves both the quality and safety components. The other purpose of this study is to provide additional quantitative
This is a story of terror, heroism, slavery, greed and discrimination in colonial Africa, particularly in Congo. In the late 1890s, Congo’s population declined due to murder, drought, people being starved, exhaustion, diseases and low birth rates. The death toll was measured to be approximately 12million. It is due to this torture that Edmund Dene Morel (a journalist and an agent of a shipping company), Rogger Casement and Henry Grattan founded the Congo Reform Association (CRA) in 1904. The aim of the foundation was to help the impoverished Congo’s workforce. This was through gaining the plight’s attention. The movement revealed major abuses of the public servants in Congo. This brutality consequently led to Congo’s annexation in 1908. The above mentioned activists gathered enough information on the exploitation and abuse of these public servants in Congo. After achieving their goals, the CRA was d
Although many authors use the terms “team” and “group” interchangeably, hence drawing no distinction between the two, it is suggested in this paper that teams differ from groups in varied ways. In essence, teams consist of small groups of people who not only share responsibility for outcomes for their organizations, but are committed to achieving common objectives and producing high quality results. In contrast, groups may lack a clear and common purpose, not mentioning that members belonging to a particular group may lack an understanding of their interdependence on one another. Unlike in groups, teams have the capacity to increase organizational productivity and efficiency, improve communication skills, facilitate diversity of skills, improve problem-solving and decision making, as well as ensure efficient use of resources. For example, most technology firms are known to depend on their service teams to sell their products/services, maintain operational efficiency, and keep their customers satisfied. Team members must demonstrate a meaningful common purpose by collectively understanding and committing themselves to the set purpose. Focusing on a meaningful common purpose ensures maximum commitment from members, especially in the context of shared values and goals. For example, a sales team must demonstrate a meaningful common purpose in the domain of sales to achieve efficiency and effectiveness. This characteristic links best with a matrix team structure as it allows members to not only share information more readily across the task boundaries, but also to facilitate specialization that can enhance depth of knowledge. The second behavioural characteristic is that an effective team must demonstrate clear performance goals and objectives through members accepting the end goal and the means to get there. This characteristic is effective for team effectiveness as it binds members to the goals set by the team. A critical benefit of this characteristic is that organizations may end up using fewer resources to achieve productivity and competitiveness as team members are focussed on meeting their performance goals and objectives. This characteristic links to the matrix and network team structures as both require that performance goals be clearly delineated for team members to understand. The third characteristic is the diversity of skill and personality, which implies that effective teams must attempt to bring different individuals together so that they provide diverse skills and perspectives with the view to spurring creativity and innovation. For example, research has shown that teams consisting of cross-cultural members are more creative and innovative than those that go for homogeneity of members. As already mentioned, the benefits of this characteristic include enhancing creativity and innovation, hence organizational productivity and competitiveness. Another characteristic is strong communication and collaboration for purposes of effective interaction among members, solving p
First Assignment The article by Bryson (2010) focuses on the future improvements in the field of strategic planning in non-profit and pubic organizations in the US. As the integration of strategic planning and implementation, strategic management presents several approaches and functions, the use of which depends on specific environment. Strategic planning became a standard process for the majority of organizations as it defines the very mission, vision, and expected outcomes that are to be achieved in either short-term or long-term period. The growing body of evidence demonstrates that strategic planning is rather effective since the results of studies are statistically significant (Bryson, 2010). There is a need for considering a practice-oriented theory and implementing it in planning to ensure productivity of organizations in the future. In addition, strategic thinking and learning, inclusiveness, further research, advanced methods of analysis along with implementation, and rapid responses to occurring challenges are anticipated. Second Assignment In their article, Cook and Brownstein (2017) discuss the public opinion presentation in public policy regarding painkillers with opioids. While some people perceive them as useful drugs to reduce pain in patients with severe diseases such as cancer, others believe that easy access to them is likely to lead to opiate addiction. Evidence quality provided by the authors is credible, the article is structured properly, and writing style is clear and understandable to a reader. The article by Cook and Brownstein (2017) contributes to the existing evidence by showing how public opinion affects policymaking in terms of such important theme as drug addiction caused by painkillers. For example, having read this article, one understands that policymakers and researchers try to consider public opinion, while providing decisions to the given problem. In other words, this article’s target audience is Virginians, Americans of other states, and policymakers. The involvement of wide populations as a target of the article illustrates the desire of scholars to align these populations in an attempt to integrate their ideas, views, and come to the integrated solutions. Indeed, such an approach is likely to promote cooperation between the mentioned groups and make policies more comprehensive and accurate towards the problem of opiate addiction associated with painkillers. On the global scale, there is a need to pay attention to international data and compare it with the US context, thus ensuring the most appropriate solutions. For example, if in some country or region, there is a successful use of public opinion to a greater extent compared to that in the US, then it seems to be appropriate to consider similar strategy paying attention to the local context. Thus the adaptation of global ideas is likely to benefit the policymaking process in the US.
Overview Structure The geothermal sector is growing tremendously in diverse countries across the world because it is a renewable form of energy. In the energy sector, renewable form of energy contributes about 17% of energy, while non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels and nuclear contributes about 80% and 3% respectively. As geothermal energy is one of the renewable forms of energy, it contributes barely 1% globally, but it has huge potential. For instance, geothermal energy contributes 30%, 24%, 24%, and 15% of electricity in Iceland, El Salvador, Kenya, Philippines, and Costa Rica respectively. According to the Geothermal Energy Association (2014), the western part of the US has excellent geothermal potential. It is estimated that the region can supply up to 20 percent of the energy requirement in the country. In the United States, the geothermal field in California has the largest geothermal plant in the world called The Geysers, which produces 3,386 megawatts. New Mexico relies heavily on electricity generated from fossil fuels, yet it has geothermal resources in the Jemez Mountains, which has the potential of generating huge amounts of electricity that can serve New Mexico and neighboring states. In this view, the structure of geothermal industry shows that it has immense potential of generating electricity, which requires exploitation. Major Players The major players in the geothermal sector are federal government and energy companies. The federal government regulates exploitation of geothermal resources by ensuring that it benefits all stakeholders and generates renewable forms of energy for industrial development. Through the Department of Energy, the federal government formulates policies and regulations, which guide exploitation of geothermal resources in various states. The federal government also uses Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in regulating interstate transmission of electricity in the United States and protects consumers using Federal Trade Commission. Through Environmental Protection Agency, federal government ensures that exploitation and use of geothermal resources do not pose any harm to the environment. Fundamentally, the federal government is an important player in the energy industry because it dictates exploitation of geothermal resources. Geothermal Energy Association is an integral player in the geothermal sector because it is a trade union of geothermal companies, which advocate for the exploitation of geothermal resources across the world. Moreover, the geothermal companies that belong to this trade union actively exploit geothermal resources in various parts of the world. According to the Geothermal Energy Association (2015), Chadbourne and Park, Scientific Drilling International, Therma Source, Ethos Energy Group, and Industrial Builders are the companies that form the executive level, while Calpine Corporation, Gradi
The American Revolution was one of the key events that took place in America during the second phase of the eighteenth century. In 1607, the British brought many drastic changes in the American society that interfered with their civilization. During this time, Britain was much preoccupied with advancing its economy. In this regard, Britain enacted colonial policies that would favor its maximum exploitation of its colonies. This paper discusses the road to American Revolution. The revolution started in 1763 when the ‘French and Indian war’ ended. The British Proclamation of 1763 was meant to help them create governments for the new colonies, forester peace among vanquishers, and facilitate British commercial interests in the colonies (Allison 2-17). The British government had incurred many expenses during the war and it was keen on regaining its lost resources through taxing its colonial subjects. Accordingly, many taxation measures were implemented in order to generate revenue for the British army in America. The Sugar Act was implemented in 1764 and it was meant to reduce tariffs charged on non-British merchandise sourced from West Indies. It was also supposed to facilitate the collection of those goods. This act was followed by the first Stamp Act, which was implemented from 1765 in order to provide income for the army (Brinkley 23-105). Soon after the enforcement of this act, the Quartering Act was also put in place in 1765, and it was intended to enable the British army to have access to social amenities. More taxes were levied on goods that were imported through the enforcement of the Townshend Act that was introduced in 1767. The British also implemented the Navigation Acts, which further strained the economy of the Americans. The Americans resisted the new taxes imposed on them through various methods. For example, they refused to buy goods imported from Britain. The harsh economic policies led to serious economic disillusionment, which sparked off violence in various parts of America. In March 1770, a serious picketing incident in Boston led to the gruesome massacre of five Americans by the British troops. This was followed by the burning and sinking of a British mercantile vessel in Rhode Island in 1772. “On 16 December 1773, some colonialists destroyed many tons of tea in Boston and the event was termed the Boston Tea Party” (Middlekauff 56-89). In reaction to the spate of violence, the British government immediately responded by imposing more punitive measures on its subjects. In mid 1774, the Boston Port Act was sanctioned and it led to the cordoning of the Boston Port, which later resumed its operations after the compensation of the East Indian Company. “The British Congress further proclaimed Quartering Act, Administration of Justice Act and Massachusetts Government A
The cases of HIV/AIDS were first reported in all regions within Tanzania by the year 1986. The number of people infected has increased over the years to over one million with so many unreported cases. It is estimated that only two out of ten cases are reported, the reports estimate that it takes an individual over five years to reveal the AIDS related diseases before facing death. Statistics from the ministry of health shows that by 2004 the rate of women infection is at 7.7% while that of men stands at 6.3% (WHO, 2005). The increase in number of AIDS patient in Tanzania has led to over-crowding within hospitals. So much medical services is required to cater for the increasing population of those infected, this has led to increased public spending on treatment. The education sector is also affected due to the rise in the number of orphans who at times are forced to drop out of school owing to lack of parental care. The rural communities are currently experiencing the effect of the disease. This is because the disease has deprived the community of the most productive age group, that’s between age 15 and 45. The force of skilled labour within the communities and industries is undergoing great threat since majority of the people die from AIDS (Kates and Wilson, 2005, pp 1-2). The life expectancy in Tanzania has been lowered to below fifty years due to AIDS infection. The mean age of the working population has been predicted to decline tremendously by the year 2015. The education standards are expected to decline since so much money will be diverted to cater for issues dealing with AIDS epidemic. Lots of resources will be required from the government and affected communities to cater for the needs and wants of the orphaned population. Commitment towards leading preventive initiatives is required from all government sectors and civil society (United Nations Systems in Tanzania, 2007). Basic numbers of people infected with HIV AIDS According to statistics released in 2005, United Republic of Tanzania had approximately 1.6 million people living with HIV/AIDS. However, the prevalence rate of is lower in Tanzania compared to other countries in the sub-Saharan Africa (UNAIDS, 2008). The country is considered a low income country hence the infiltration by the disease is considered to lower the level of productivity. The statistics reveal that women are the majority infected, t
The development of early medicine derived from conflict between traditional practice and scientific discoveries. The lack of adequate understanding of how doctors conducted their practice led to conflict with social institutions. Using Mallon’s case, the study shows a disconnect in understanding medical science by social institutions. Revolutionists faulted the claims of early physicians on the premise that they adopted scientific processes to advance their profession rather than help the sick. The physicians, on the other hand, pursued the scientific application of knowledge and failed to connect it to clinical practice. The scenario led to outrage about the decision to isolate Mallon as a preventive measure for typhoid. The medical discoveries of the early 20th century failed to gain traction in society because of the disconnect between medical practice and social institutions. Mary Mallon’s case raised critical concerns about the application of scientific knowledge to the management of diseases. Whereas women felt that the decision to isolate her was based on her carrier status for typhoid, other parties drew attention to her social status as a domestic servant and ethnicity. In 1990, the court decided the isolation of Mary Mallon on North Brother Island under the care of the health department because she was a health hazard to members of the society. Although Mary was healthy, new biotechnological advances had established that she was a carrier of the disease. However, the debates that emanated from the case raised issues about medical practice and its connection with social and cultural expectations. In her status as a woman, the legal and health practitioners envisioned her as a spreader of the disease because she was a woman. Analysts focused on Mary’s career as a source of her isolation, observing that perhaps she could not have suffered the fate if she had embraced a different career. The challenges of early medicine touched on societal perceptions about the relationship between the doctor and the patient. According to Warner, ethicists in society disputed the notion of advanced research in preventive medicine and quality of care. Some clinicians raised their objections to these innovations and averred that good health was a factor of a good diet. The societal conflicts surrounding early medicine formed the establishment of medical care in modern times. The relationship between scientists and clinicians in the early 1800 shaped the societal acceptance of modern medicine. In America, clinicians voiced divergent opinions about the inclusion of science in treatment. Healthcare professionals who supported the innovations envisioned the relationship between science and practice to harmonize disciplines to achieve better health management. Skeptics, however, averred that science had no connection with treatment based on their trust in the effectiveness of existing
Executive Summary Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit Hotel is one of the most luxurious facilities in the world that hosts predominately authoritative and influential guests. To make people feel comfortable in their suites, it is necessary to engage various modern techniques and purchase appropriate equipment. As there are multiple new technologies used to make individuals’ lives more comfortable and convenient, the Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit Hotel administration always renews all the electronic devices and gadgets used by its clients on a daily basis. Also, it is necessary to maintain the environment clean to satisfy visitors from various countries. Therefore, local managers contribute to particular recycling programs and hire professionals that are obliged to clean the building regularly. As the brand described below is considered to be luxurious, all the servants and staff members are licensed professionals that follow high moral rules and norms. Introduction Facilities management as part of the hospitality area plays a rather important role in delivering services to guests. Adapting the efficiency of buildings to the rapidly changing environment, facilities management aims at providing the best experience possible. Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit hotel located in Bangkok, Thailand was opened by Luxury Collection Hotels – the brand of Starwood Hotels and Resorts merged with Marriott International Group. The STR global chains scales define it as an upper upscale hotel. This hotel integrates elegance and unique Thai culture, thus attracting business and leisure travelers from all over the globe. Body Brand Positioning Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit is located at the center of Bangkok and proves to be the most technologically advanced hotel among other luxury hotels in the given area. Motivated by modern requirements, the identified hotel offers “state-of-the-art business and meeting facilities,” wider bandwidth, wireless access, and fast Internet connection (“Hotel history,” 2017, para. 3). The hotel management clearly understands the expectations of its sophisticated guests and creates an unforgettable atmosphere by using dramatic proportions and turquoise green color (see Figure 1). Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit hotel positions itself as a global hospitality brand, which assigns a top priority to positive emotions. The location allows creating a pleasant atmosphere due to the fact that guests may wake up in the morning and listen to singing birds or enjoy the view of the park (Adalid, 2017; Neirotti, Raguseo, & Paolucci, 2016). Having created a five-star hotel, Sheraton strives to adorn the region in terms of hotel service and quality. Figure 1. Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit room (“Luxury Bangkok,” 2017). Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit hotel aims at attracting people who want to feel authentic Thai nature, cu