ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Protocol Summary The clinical trial protocol titled “The Use of Sleephormone1in Children with Neuro-Developmental Disorders and Impaired Sleep: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Study” is structured according to the norms of clinical research. The protocol covers the research on the efficiency of Sleephormone1 versus placebo for solving insomnia issues and reducing the latency sleep time in patients 5 to 15 years old suffering from neuro-developmental and sleep disorders. The sampling technique used for the protocol requires the parents’ consent and absence of any medical factors not allowing the clinical trial and treatment procedures. Data are collected through the five major survey questionnaires including the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), PedsQL™ Family Impact Module, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Aberrant Behaviour Checklist, and Composite Sleep Disturbance Index. The results will be analyzed through the comparison of the subjective and objective data retrieved through the use of sleep diaries and actigraphy before and after the clinical trial. Dictionary and Coding Management The dictionary and coding management procedures are of vital importance for clinical trials, especially when the matter concerns that drug trials, testing procedures of the non-licensed medications, and the drugs whose potential positive or negative influence are studied not enough or completely unknown (Rondel, Varley, and Webb, 2000, p. 97). Thus, for the properly structured management of data in the above stipulated clinical trial protocol, the names of the medications used in the trial and for treating the potential adverse effects of the tried drugs will be listed in the research facility register (DeRenzo and Moss, 2005, p. 198). For this purpose, the auto-coding services will be implemented as they allow saving time and effort in the process of compiling the company’s dictionary of terms and codes used with medications and drugs used or tested (Rondel, Varley, and Webb, 2000, p. 98). Definitions and Acronyms For the better management of the data that are planned to be retrieved from the clinical trial procedures, the following list of the definitions and acronyms used in the trial process is given (DeRenzo and Moss, 2005, p. 201). This list includes the acronyms used to refer to the medical substances, drugs, and other medications, as well as to various testing methods, questionnaires used in the clinical trial process, etc.:  1. ABAS – Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System  2. ABC – Aberrant Behaviour Checklist;  3. AE – Adverse Event, i. e. any untoward medical occurrence in a subject to whom a medicinal product has been administered, including occurrences which are not necessarily caused by or related to that product;  4. ASD – autistic spectrum disorder;  5. CRF – Case Report Form;  6. MHRA – Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency;  7. OSAS – Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome;  8. RCT – randomized controlled trials;  9. SAE – Serious Adverse Event, i. e. any adverse e
Identification of the item Hera is a goddess who symbolizes marriage and femininity; she is the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. This deity is often associated with the peacock and the cow. Allegedly, this goddess protects such an island as Samos as well as the city of Argos. Hades is the god of the underworld, and he is the son of Cronus and Rhea. This deity governs and sometimes punishes the souls of deceased people. This deity is often accompanied by the three-headed dog, Cerberus. Dionysus is the god who represents wine-making, the fertility of the soil, drinking, and even theater; he is the son of Semele and Zeus. This god grew up in the kingdom Phrygia located in Anatolia. He usually wears the skin of a leopard. Prometheus is the Titan who gave the fire to human beings and taught them various skills and arts such as medicine. He is the son of Iapetus and Clymene. Prometheus was punished for his theft of fire, and he was chained to a mountain in Caucuses. Titans are the children of primordial deities, namely, Uranus and Gaea. They are the opponents of Olympian gods. Titans are not associated with any geographic region. There are several generations of Titans, and these divine entities can perform several functions; for instance, Atlas is supposed to hold up the sky. Gaea is one of the primordial deities, and she can be viewed as the personification of the entire Earth. Gaea is a self-borne deity; so, she does not have any parents, unlike Olympian Gods. The name of Gaea is sometimes linked with such a region as Delphi because she guided the oracles serving in the local temple. Primary sources Hera is mentioned in different primary sources such as Homer’s Iliad (2006) and Hesiod’s (2004) Theogony . These authors depict the birth of Hera and her interactions with gods as well as heroes. Hades is depicted in Theogony by Hesiod (2004) and Homer’s Odyssey (2006). For instance, Homer (2006) writes about Odysseus’ travel through the underworld governed by Hades. Dionysius is described by various ancient authors. For example, one can refer to Hesiod’s (2004) works and Ovid’s Metamorphoses (2010). One can refer to Hesiod’s (2004) books to learn about Prometheus and his conflicts with Olympian gods. Titans are mentioned by Hesiod (2004). The story of Gaea and other primordial deities is told by Hesiod (2004). Discussion of critical points The presence of such a deity as Hera shows that the family was one of the key values for ancient Greeks. Moreover, this goddess illustrates the responsibilities of a wife. The representation of Hades and his underworld in ancient myths suggest that Greeks did not have an optimistic view of the afterlife. In their opinion, these experiences were deprived of any joy. Dionysus challenges the rules and values established by Olympian gods. For instance, he does not value power that is one of the top priorities for his father, Zeus. Prometheus is a cultural hero who enables human beings to build their civilization. One should bear in mind that this myth is present in various ancient cultures. For instance, it is possible to consider the Georgian epic chara
Focus Groups When studying a specific phenomenon such as the role of critical success factors in the change management process, the qualitative method of focus group discussion can be very useful. Focus groups usually allow scholars to gain insight into the thinking process of the participants in the study to have a profound understanding of the topic under investigation. In contrast to surveys, which limit the feedback of respondents to the answers to specific questions, focus groups can be used to capture and collect more insightful information with greater efficiency and economy. The economic aspect is especially noteworthy because most studies require scholars to collect the necessary information without wasting resources. Group interaction is at the core of focus group research because the way that group members communicate usually encourages the revelation of different ideas, connections, and discussions. A skilled facilitator is essential when collecting data through the use of focus groups due to the need to capture not only verbal but also nonverbal communication. Importantly, participants involved in a focus group may have different responses to the topic of discussion, especially regarding sensitive themes. When exploring the issue of change management and the factors that contribute to its success, the experience and expertise that the different people in a focus group can provide are the most valuable takeaway from this type of discussion. Despite the challenges associated with sensitive ideas and topics, focus groups present a useful research tool in qualitative studies because each member of a selected group has unique characteristics related to a study subject. Therefore, the possibility is high that group members will influence each other’s ideas by responding to questions that might never have been brought out in a regular setting. This method of data collection is the most effective in a situation where a scholar must discern the attitudes of participants towards a new proposal or program, identify positive and negative sides, assess whether the process under consideration is working, and evaluate potential success in a specific setting. Thus, focus groups fit the current study as it aims to determine which success factors are necessary to guarantee the effectiveness of a change management process in healthcare organizations. On the downside, in using focus groups to collect relevant information, researchers risk encountering the issue of groupthink. When people are brought together in a group to discuss a specific problem or phenomenon, a common trend involves the leading and influential members affecting the decisions and opinions of the other people taking part. This influence presents a threat to the reliability of the findings because some participants who may have differing opinions on a subject will fail to express their thoughts to counter a dominant idea that prevails within a group. Also, some participants may be reluctant to express negative attitudes in a group setting when face-to-face with other people. Indirect research, in comparison, offers an opportunity for participants to feel freer a
Executive Summary This is an analytical report that compares Tata of India and Siemens (USA) as two great conglomerates. The analysis has entailed a detailed study into a number of parameters that have served as yardsticks to explain how these two have adapted themselves to both macro and micro-factors within their operation niches. Tata is the leading India’s automobile in both revenue and employee capacity. Strategy is critical for the success of firms and as such, social corporate responsibility adopted by Tata has been influential on gaining internal and external efficiency. On the other side, Siemens (USA) has done exemplarily well as one of the leaders in electrical industry with great capacities both in Research and Development just like Tata. This analysis reveals a great challenge facing the Indian market using the Porters Five Forces Analysis (P5F). India’s economic slowdown adds up the challenge for Tata with inefficient political transport structures. Cultural elements shape the economic values and capacity due to change in ideology and ability to consume. Different cultures will impact differently on people and their way of doing things and as such, a country’s culture is essential in understanding how businesses should be organized. Estimations of Indian automotive industry reveal a turnover of approximately $18.3 billion between 2002 and 2003. Further analysis has indicated a steady growth of about 14% by 2004. In US, there are five major industry players. Eaton Corporation, Rockwell Automation, lnc, Siemens AG and ABB Ltd. Key industry figures estimate that revenue grew by 5.6% by 2010 recording $37,800 million. In the recent past, the concept of corporate culture has attracted the attention many firms, executives, and other stakeholders due to its contribution towards shaping a firm’s policy and performance. Tata’s culture values its people with its employees being the main driving force. According to 2008 employment status, Tata had approximately 24,000 permanently employed staff. Further, risk analysis has been conducted. Risks are generally those events that may cause losses in the event of occurrence. Main Discussion Indian Macro (environmental factors) analysis and trends In this analysis, the Political, Economic, Social and Technology (PEST analysis) has been used as the model of analysis. It entails an analysis of the uncontrollable factors that lie outside the firm’s environment. They include demographics, political, cultural, and government factors. Socio-cultural- population of India has continued to grow, and is estimated to be 1.1 billion people (Kosfeld, and Ferdinand von Siemens 11). This trendy growth has been a motivation to many businesses since it offers market for the manufactured goods. An increase in its population’s average income level provides a business impetus for increased turnovers. India’s economy is voted as third largest in Asia after Japan and China, and as 12 th larg
Introduction Saudi Arabia’s financial market is characterized by an endless list of brokerage firms, which actively participate in financial activities in the country. These firms have played a key role in not only shaping the Saudi Arabian Financial market, but also contributed to the growth of the country’s economy. Importantly, brokerage firms in Saudi Arabia have continued to experience varying performance rates, based on a host of factors, ranging from inflation to government regulation. This research paper explores brokerage firms in Saudi Arabia with regard to their performance witnessed before and after 2006. Additionally, the paper will discuss Bakheet Investment Group (BIG) in the context of its role in the brokerage market and how it has performed since the market experienced a surge in mid 2000s. Saudi Stock Market The market is considered to be the largest in the Arab World. From 2005 financial records, the market registered a capitalization value of US$650 billion, a 111% increase from the 2004 value. The Saudi Arabia Market Authority, which was opened in the year 1990, freed the market for foreign investors in 1997. It is important to note that the market has experienced increased public interest and participation in recent economic boom years (Hertog 28). As a result, financial investment strategies like bonds, initial public offers, mutual funds and stocks have become common in the country. Additionally, the role of technology and internet remains evident in the financial market since SAMA’s launch of Tadawul in 2001. This is an online tool that allows the access and trading of stocks through the internet. Besides this, the market has been streamlined by the formation of the Capital Law of 2003, which oversees all market activities in Saudis Stock Exchange. In the understanding of Saudis financial market, it is important to appreciate the fact that the sharp decline witnessed in 2006 after several consecutive years of good performance, affected several sections of the economy including the brokerage industry (Oxford Business Group 73). This was a wake-up call to the government and other private investors to be aware of such possibilities. Bakheet Investment Group (BIG) BIG was previously known as Bakheet Financial Advisors and is a closed joint stock company, operating in Saudi Arabia. It’s legality to operate in
Strategic Differentiation The Cracker Barrel Restaurant and retail business has focused on the strategic differentiation of its products from other players in the market. Its differentiated concept is a difficult element to list in the America restaurant industry (Harvard Business School Press, 2006). In a bid to enable this strategy, Cracker Barrel has achieved several components that remain a unique combination compared to other casual dining restaurants within the industry (Dess, Lumpkin & Eisner, 2009). One of the different elements is the provision of complex menus and this beats other casual restaurants since they do not offer breakfast menu (Ireland, Hitt & Hoskisson, 2011). This enables Cracker to attract a significant number of family customers through communicating its provision of all-round menu. Its unique retail store serves as a separating element that differentiates it from other restaurants in the region. Cracker continues to achieve a differentiated strategy through highly loyal staff offering friendly services unmatched with other competitors in the industry. Unlike the rest of the players in the market, Cracker Barrel does not serve alcohol in all its retail shops and stores. Cracker believes that serving alcohol I its menu will take away the family facet that separates it from the rest of the restaurants (Harvard Business School Press, 2006). The ability of Cracker to maintain a highly customer friendly business environment has enabled it to serve over 200 million meals per annum. It is the belief of Cracker and its employees that their actions today influence the number that will visit Cracker in future. Cracker Barrel is a place created to generate experiences for its customers as contrasted to the ordinary concept of offering meals. The home-style and comfort foods, fireplace, nostalgic décor, and virtually unique set of gifts coupe with a friendly service are elements that have generated an emotional connection between Cracker Barrel’s customers and the business. As such, Cracker Barrel remains a people’s restaurant of choice owing to its unique components in both quality meals and service of its employees (Ireland, Hitt & Hoskisson, 2011). Strategic Expansion Strategic business expansion has proven successful for Cracker Barrel for the past few y
Introduction Despite the collapse of Doha negotiations and world economic crisis, international trade is increasing rapidly. The move is even facilitated further by globalisation and development in information, communication and technology. Different countries trade on comparative advantage and absolute advantage policies and aim to guarantee the availability of goods and service to consumers, when they need it. International trade is hampered sometimes by trade barriers like tariffs and quotas; it has become inevitable for sustainable growth and development in a country. Africa is one of the world developing continents, with an estimated population of 1.3 billion. The continent though individual countries (it has 54 countries) or using economic bloc is participating in international trade. The continent level of industrialisation is lower than that of developed countries but it’s trying hard to improve its standards. The continent has great potential in agriculture and its major exports are raw and semi processed goods (Krugman & Obstfeld, 2008). The main import of the continent is manufactured goods, machinery, motor vehicles and electronics. China on the other hand, assumed world’s second largest economy from Japan in September 2010. The largest economy is United States of America. Its population is slightly higher than one billion and has taken over African trade from Western countries like Germany. Many African countries are willing to trade with China for a number of reasons. This paper evaluates trade between China and Africa. Literature review Current statistics Despite the world being in a recession, trade between china and Africa is increasing daily. There are increased trade in terms of volumes between China and Africa. Despite the growth of trade, trade between Africa and other continents is on a flat rate or is decreasing. According to African Development Bank (AfDB), statistic 2010, trade between Africa and china alone has hit the ten percent mark (total international trade in Africa has 10% trade with China). China assumed the largest trading partner with Africa in 2008, when it hit a total collection of 106.8 billion U.S. dollars. This was up from an estimated value of $10 billion in 2000. The rate of increase in trade between the two partners is estimated to increases by a rate of 33%. The report went further and said that the trade as per September 2010 statistics amounted to a total of $114 billion with $52
Introduction The purpose of this case study is to assess the managerial decision making styles that exist among Saudi executives in companies and businesses. Decision-making activities are important for managers since they are charged with the responsibility of planning, organizing, controlling and directing the organizations activities to achieve optimum results. Decision making can be both a simple and complex task based on the type of decision that the manager is faced with. The study of the various decision making styles that exist is, therefore, essential to ensure that managers are fully equipped and knowledgeable when they are making important decisions. There are various decision-making styles that exist which are based on the management styles that are practiced by managers in various organizations. Management researchers argue that decision-making styles should be in tandem with the type of leadership that is demonstrated by the managers. The focus of this study will, therefore, be on the management and decision making styles of Saudi Executives. Problem Identification The problem under study is the low productivity that exists in some Saudi Arabian organizations, which is a major concern for both small and large organizations. The key problems that have contributed to low productivity include ineffective human resource management practices by most Saudi executives, lack of congruity between the executives and poor decision-making style practices. Ineffective management practices contribute largely to low productivity amongst employees within organizations which makes it difficult for the organization to achieve the optimum utilization of its resources. The key problems that therefore lead to low productivity amongst Saudi Arabian companies and employees identified in this case study include mismanagement and ineffective management of employees, poor human resource training programs and systems, cultural, religious and custom problems that affect how the executives relate with their employees who are non-Saudis (Boussif 2010). Problem Analysis The cause of low productivity in both the small and large organizations in Saudi Arabia has been identified to be the ineffective management and decision making styles of Saudi Arabian executives. Management research and studies have shown that management practices differ in various countries around the world. Management and decision making styles that work in one organization or country might not work in another state, which therefore makes it difficult to develop one decision-making style that will be used by all managers around the world. The differences that exist in management and decision making styles are mostly attributed to the diversity of cultural values and