ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Definition of Football and Soccer Football is a term mostly used in the world to refer to a game played using ball. It is usually confused with soccer. Football is mostly played in America and it is referred to as American football. In this game, an elongate ball is moved to the end of the score by throwing or kicking. As opposed to American football, soccer is a game or sport played by two teams using a round ball. The team usually consists of eleven players and the game is played on a field that has goals on either end of the field. The ball is moved by using any body part, with an exception of hands and arms. The field played on is rectangular, and each team tries to score goals on their opponent’s goal. The goalkeeper can touch the ball with any body part. Differences Football is a common term used when referring to both, American football and soccer, as many people do not know that football played using legs is, actually, called soccer. It is on of the earliest sports, which paved the way for other games using almost the same rules. However, the sport’s association refers to soccer. The shape of the balls also differ, in that the ball used in soccer is round, whereas the ball used in American football is oval, and has rounded ends. Between both games, football tends to be more physical and gressive; therefore, the players protect themselves with protective armors, to prevent them from potential injuries. On the other hand, soccer players do not wear any protection gears apart from kneepads. Similarities between Football and Soccer The nature of scoring for both sports is the same. It is a given rule that the winner of the game is one with the highest scores. Additionally, both games require the ball to be on the move. Football uses the method of passing the ball using hands, whereas soccer only allows the ball to be kicked using any body parts apart from the arms and hands. Both games have teams of eleven players each, who are in opposition. Both playing fields are almost the same, but the soccer field is slightly larger. Each sport has a star player; soccer has a mid-fielder and there is a quarterback in the American football. Both sports have rules on offside which is considered to be a violation. Millions of people around the world usually follow these two games passionately, and they are the most popular games. These games have rules and associations that govern them, ever since the nineteenth century. It is clear that these two terms are confused all the time while referring to soccer, since it is the sport that is mostly played globally. Football and Soccer are sports that will stay for a long time.
In the rapidly changing world, the significance of investing is well-known. Such finance managements enable individuals to protect their assets from inflation and enable their further growth. With respect to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the situation in the already volatile market became even less stable. For our group, it implies the necessity of the in-detailed investment analysis to facilitate further portfolio management and evaluate its past performance. S&P 500 ETF TRUST ETF (SPY) was added to it with the purpose of diversification to complement the portfolio. Thus, the further calculations consider daily returns from SPY from October 01, 2021, to November 30, 2021. This work will present an economic analysis of the portfolio beta, mean, and Sharpe ratio based on the performance of the stock during the specified period. The analysis of SPY will also be provided to complement understanding of the stock, discuss current values of its essential indicators, and evaluate its potential. Calculation of Key Economic Indicators Determination of Portfolio Beta Before processing to calculate portfolio beta, the overview of portfolio performance for the period taken for further analysis is due. It is possible to see in Figure 1 that there is a strong tendency for the stock (SPY) to grow. The axis Y shows the percentages indicating changes in the value of stock that occurred on a certain day. The axis X shows the exact date. The revealed pattern is similar to the one reflecting a change in prices of the stock for the period. Figure 1. Overview of Portfolio for the Period October-November. Portfolio beta or security beta is a measure of volatility that is often referred to as systematic risk. Considering that the portfolio consists of only one stock, the change of a security’s price in percentage equals the change in the portfolio in percentage, and the mentioned two concepts are one and the same for this particular case. Beta is widely used for the determination of the relationship between systematic risk and expected return for assets. The portfolio beta was calculated using the provided Excel spreadsheet that takes into consideration stock prices and respective index levels for this security for the same period. A number of data periods equal 41, which is explained by the absence of information for price and index level for some days, which does not significantly affect the calculations. Split factor also was considered, but because SPY wasn’t split even once during the period, all the values equal 1, as shown in Table 1. The index level is the one for S&P 500 Index (roughly 10 times more than the SPY price, as they are correlated in a certain manner). Table 1. Data Used for Calculating Beta. 1   1  $434,24         1  4300,46                 2   1  $428,64         1  4300,46  -1,29%  0,00%  3   1  $433,10  $0,00  1  4345,72  1,04%   1,05%  4   1  $434,90         1  4363,55  0,42%   0,41%  5   1  $438,66
Certainly, architectural prime is fading away and thus putting the architectural practice in a secret crisis. Eventually, the profession has eradicated the integrity of building construction. When asked of what they exactly do, architects should not merely state that they design constructions. Architecture comprises wider matters and not just dealing with aesthetics or forms. Therefore, architects ought to respond to an inquiry concerning what they do with creative thinking. As conceited as one might consider, architects are proud of their knowledge and their commitment shows it. Nevertheless, such achievements are currently not sufficient. Our opportunity for resolution is diminishing. We are short of flexibility in our performance and thus we give away more positions to other sectors of practice. Due to work sharing, which assumes a more holistic structure, the profession has broken down into several specialisations and consequently driven the development of architectural practice into a manifold that cannot be depicted in just a single sentence. In simple terms, architectural practice should show ability to acclimatise and lead other sectors to facilitate its survival in such transformations. Could lack of a unique contemporary theory of practice in present architectural offices contribute to this occurrence? Did we cause it ourselves as we attempted to outbid with deceptions of too much form and practice? Debatably, architects are frequently branded with interruption and thus the profession has the urge to progress outward, as if detaching from other standards. The present unclear function of architectural practice might be the reason for bad timing. Whatever the cause, architecture and its practices should embrace the inevitable transformation. The character of architecture has constantly been concerned with having authorisation from higher authorities. Accordingly, the connection with politics is indestructible as political roles come with profound accountabilities. In this regard, architects have detached themselves and with time, a stereotype has been built up. Architects have become less official and assume a more artistic project quality thus siding with contemporary architects taking in the fundamental idea; that is, the yearning to share information with others and extend knowledge by accommodating broad range of views. If an individual cannot make clear his or her intentions, then that individual cannot assume authority. An expected inquiry, concerning sharing as a means of survival for architectural practice, underscores the extent to which sharing should take place. Apparently, the notion of teamwork is not only to shatter “I discern more than you” stunt, but also to move away from the predetermined constructions and focus on architectural practice and promote its principles. In other words, this aspect is a means of unlocking criticism. Philosophers have just interpreted the globe in different manners; the logic is, to transform. Sharing is not suf
The topic of the present week of the course is devoted to the illegal issues that medical institutions face with their personnel. The materials given out in the present section are mainly devoted to giving a more detailed definition of fraud, waste, and abuse that are the main realizations of dishonesty from the part of employees, the ways to overcome them, and the legal basis for prosecution of these misdeeds. While defining fraud it is important to remember that it mainly constitutes different types of deliberate variations with financial assets of the hospital that include changing prices for medications or arranging inappropriate prescriptions to gain monetary profit from them in an illegal way. Waste in its core is the action of a bit different action as it may be both purposeful and non-purposeful, giving the medical institution financial losses. If waste is not based on the pursuit of profit, it is usually caused by the non-professionalism of the personnel who spoil or over-spend the materials, medications, or other resources of the medical institution because of their ignorance. In the case of intended waste, the evil intentions may be caused by some personal ways of using the resources of the hospital. More often it pertains to the usage of drugs that are intended for usage in smaller doses for some cases. Speaking about abuse it is necessary to keep in mind that it is a broader term that pertains to any non-ethical action from the side of a representative of a medical institution – not following the code of ethics, prescribing the wrong treatment, or committing any other illegal or wrong action (Preventing Fraud, Waste, and Abuse, 2009). In the course of activity of a medical institution, there is a set of measures presupposed for detecting such cases and legally punishing them. It is important to understand why these procedures are of crucial importance in the medical care field. Medical care involves taking care of human lives – it pertains to illnesses and health problems of a different level of gravity and operations that affect human lives drastically. This is why the medical sphere workers must keep to the strict code of ethics and instructions of prescribing drugs, giving treatment to people, etc. This issue is too important and decisive for some people whose life is the object of doctors’ activity that no deviations from the norm or non-professionalism can be accepted in this respect. However, there have appeared some ways of financial illegal actions and violations of restrictions that affect the functioning of the present sphere and involve risk for human life as well as spoil the reputation of particular medical institutions. The illegal actions, namely waste, fraud, and abuse are most commonly connected with the misuse of the funds allocated for financing the subsidiary programs such as Medicare and Medicaid in the USA, both fro
Introduction The framing of the United States of America constitution can be traced back to 1787. This was during the official authorization of the federal convention after the resolution of the federation congress on February 21, 1787 (Paplekaj, 2019). The aim of the founding fathers was not only focused on solving specific issues affecting the Government at that time but also established foundation principles to be used in the uncertain future by the nation. This paper focuses on addressing the key ideas which intensified the framing of the US constitution. The Key Ideas Which Led to The US Constitution The key suggestions to framing the US constitution include six of the listed big proposals; republicanism, checks and balances, limited Government, federalism, popular sovereignty, and separation of powers. On the issue of limited Government, for instance, framers were guided by a question such as an extent to which the federal Government would entail in economic matters (Paplekaj, 2019). In these individuals’ view, the Federal Government should act to remedy critical economic conditions for trading activity by putting in place policies that favor economic growth. How the Ideas Differed from Those in England? The United States of America’s ideas on the framing of the constitution differed from England’s (United Kingdom) ideas in various ways. Firstly, towards the convention of the constitution, the United Kingdom (UK) did not put the constitution in a codified format, unlike the USA, which is categorized (Constitution, 2021). In addition, the UK put these ideas to enhance the fusion of powers, unlike the USA, which framed the constitution to enhance the strict system of separation of powers. Furthermore, unlike the UK, the US formulated the constitution ideas into a single document, which framed these ideas into several documents to enhance flexibility. Differences Between Federalists and Anti-Federalists in how they Viewed Government The Federalist’s side desired a powerful administration and a powerful executive branch, whereas anti-federalists desired side a feeble federal government. Unlike the federalists, the anti-federalists were against the constitution because they wanted extra power to remain with the sovereign states. The federalist wing did not desire the proposed bill of rights; this is because they thought the new structure seemed to be perfect, whereas their counterparts, the anti-federalists, called for a bill of rights (Paplekaj, 2019). Anti-federalists were against the creation of a national government that would result in having more power over states, unlike the federalists, who were educated, wealthy people. Compromises Made to Ratify the Constitution Both federalists and the anti-federalists finally came to an agreement when articles of the alliance manifested to become an effective form of Government in the US. Representatives from the 12 states of the 13 states in America met in Philadelphia, where they made several compromises to get the constitution ratified by all the 13 states (Academy, 2021). These three Compromises included Electoral College, Three-Fifths
Background and Introduction World Health Organization (WHO) requires medical facilities to offer high quality medical facilities; to attain this noble objective, system within medical facilities must be operating effectively. Procurement and stocks management play vital role in the entire medical service delivery; to ensure efficiencies medical facilities need to have current/modern management systems that are reliable and effective (Bate, Robert and Bevan, 2004). With growth in electronic commerce, there has been the emergence of stock computerized management systems that endeavor to improve service delivery. Some commercial software that organizations need to implement to facilitate effective management includes GS1 (Global Standard 1); GS1 is an open global standard for product identification and bar-coding. The system should be implemented within an organizational stock management department, supply chain management, the transport department and the docking segment (Stanton, 2008). When dealing with health care organizations to GS1 has developed as special form of bar-coding that combines stakeholders in the sector with the aim of ensuring there is effective sharing of medical information; some of the stakeholders in the industry include pharmaceuticals, medical equipments, and products suppliers and manufacturers, hospitals, and other medical facilities (Crother-Laurin, 2006). GS1 was developed through the collaboration of HLS (GS1 EPCglobal Healthcare and Life Sciences Industry Action Group), players in the medical services provision, and GS1 HUG (GS1 global Healthcare User Group); the main objective of the new development was to improve patient safety, supply chain security & efficiency, traceability and accurate data synchronization (United Nations Standard Products & Services Code, 2010).. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center is a national health facility located in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia ; the facility has medial and support staffs of approximately 8500 to manager its bed capacity of 850 beds. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center aims at offering quality, timely and affordable health care services, to attain this role, the supply and logistics department has vital role to play. The medical center has been in operation for the last 29 year respected for quality services and referral cases in oncology , organ transplantations , cardiac surgery , and genetic diseases . Among medical facilities in Saudi Arabia, the facility is respected for its quality and effective human resources management team; it embraces the principle of diversity and deploys over 60 different nationalities and ethnic backgrounds. Some of the main strengths that the facility has been able to attain are the publishing of bimonthly general medical journal, the Annals of Saudi Medicine , and it also offers medical facilities to Saudi Royal Family and oth
Global branding has been gaining popularity over the years as firms struggle to improve their competitiveness in the market. Firms have come to realize the benefits of strong brands in the market as a way of remaining competitive. However, it is important to note that global branding has its merits and demerits. Before making the decision to go global, it is important to understand the benefits and challenges that may be encountered by implementing the strategy. The decision to go global can only be approved if it is confirmed that the benefits outweigh demerits. Espoir has managed to develop a strong brand locally. The management of this firm must determine if there is a need to go global with this brand as a way of expanding the scope of its market. The chief executive, Mr. Ed Jonson must have a deep understanding of the benefits that this firm will gain by this move, and the challenges that it may face by doing this. As Kahn (2013) observes, it is important to analyze some of the benefits that Espoir may face when it decides to take its new branding initiatives global. One of the main benefits of going global with the brand is the localized needs that the brand will be able to address. As Kahn (2013) notes, different cultural groups are attracted to different brand messages. A brand message that is pleasant in the United States can be considered as irritating in Saudi Arabia. By go
The current social and economic conditions in many States are changing. Every year it is possible to get news about rallies, discontent, and even revolutions related to people’s disagreement with the initiatives of the authorities. A deterrent role should be played by the executive branch, represented by the police. In this case, the police often use physical force to suppress criminal acts. A vital issue in this study is the ethics and legality of such measures by the police. The main tasks of the police, as one of the law enforcement agencies, are to ensure the personal safety of citizens by combating crime. However, the functions of the police are not limited to this. Service in law enforcement agencies is primarily about serving people and helping citizens to protect their rights. Often, the protection of the rights of the majority is carried out through the use of physical force against a perpetrator. Indeed, under U.S. law, the police may use violence to apprehend and suppress an offender when circumstances so require. I am convinced that this mechanism has a generally positive effect on society. It is essential to understand that today’s world is far from a utopia in which every citizen is aware of the responsibility for the actions they take. To suppress evil intentions, the police have a psychological effect on the population by creating an associative links of “resistance to the police = physical force.” In other words, a responsible citizen will not offer resistance and, consequently, will receive damage. On a completely different plane is the problem of the legality of physical force. More and more people are questioning the responsibility of a police officer for the deliberate use of force outside the code. Unfortunately, American society is familiar with the tradition of law enforcement officers using power against the public, especially if they are of a different race or ethnicity (Rodriguez 1). In the case of Joe Torres, the police had used violence against a man who had been making noise at a bar and had then taken him to a detention
Introduction To begin with, it is necessary to mention that the issues of international tourism and market segmentation in accordance with the traits of lifestyle generally play an ambivalent in the matters of contributing to cultural exchange and the development of the marketing principles. It is stated, that on the one the market segmentation, this includes a short-term consumer familiarity of other surroundings. This statement generally means that tourists have an opportunity to pay for some goods and leave, as they are travelling. On the other hand, tourism is claimed to increase the importance of valuing the cultural diversity, and tourism promotes the development of self-identification as the cosmopolitan. These are the two principles, the market segmentation is based on, taking into consideration the constantly moving origin of tourists’ nature. Discussion First of all it is necessary to regard the origins of the market segmentation according to the consumers’ lifestyle. The fact is that, the way of life is the matter of psychological preferences of the people. The psychographic segmentation is the factor which divides customers in accordance with their lifestyle, activities and interests. The variables of this segmentation are the following:   * Activities   * Interests   * Opinions   * Attitudes   * Values The main aim of this segmentation is promote the transformation of the lifestyle market into customer driven, while the origins of such market is solely producer driven. As Craft (2004) stated in his research: “ In highly competitive tourism markets, well informed, responsible consumers can put increasing pressure on the industry to behave more responsibly. ” From this point of view it is necessary to emphasize that great deal of official proclamations have stated the individual freedom for everyone to have rest and leisure, nevertheless, it is often unobtainable for most people, while the prices for tickets, hotels and travels in general stay too high. Thus, the market is mainly oriented at the industrialized high income layer of community. The values, attitudes and behavior of these tourists are generally defined by their social environment and the matters of cultural identity (thus, tourists from Arab countries will not visit Israel, for instance). Michman (2005) emphasized the following fact in his research: “ Tourism is heterogeneous in nature, made up of many different types of traveler, seeking a wide range of tourism products. Demand is influenced by irrational factors, e.g. fashion and trends. It depends on the availability of time and money, on images, perceptions and attitudes. Tourists have various needs, desires