ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Human resource management has undergone numerous changes over the last couple of years in terms of its application, development, and a role in organizational success. Various factors have influenced its development as an organizational concept and a scholarly discipline. Organizational leaders are having a hard time managing human resources in the 21st Century due to factors such as the high rate of globalization, technological advancements, and increased competition due to innovation (Goldsmith, 2003). Such factors have influenced the functions of human resource management in the 21st Century because organizations deal with a more dynamic workforce, workplace environment, organizational structure, and new change management strategies. Organizations are undergoing a transition phase that has increased pressure on leaders to ensure effective human resource management that matches the demand for change. The pressure endured by organizational leaders also stems from the acknowledgment that employees form part of an organization’s resources and thus deserve better treatment. Human resource management in the 21st Century appreciates the value of employees and the role they play in giving an organization a competitive advantage in the market (Goldsmith, 2003). The demands of the contemporary workforce are higher and more costly, thus organizations need to improve their operational strategies in order to meet those demands and keep their workforce intact for a long time. Human resource management in the 21st Century presents many challenges and opportunities to organizations. Organizational leaders ought to be aggressive and open-minded in order to counter challenges and exploit opportunities fully (Goldsmith, 2003). This report will discuss the concept of human resource management in the 21st century by describing its current trends and future prospects. Discussion Studies have shown that strategic human resource management plays a crucial role in providing organizations with competitive advantage in the market. However, with current rate of technological development, globalization, and cultural transformation, organizations should develop and improve human resource management process. I chose this topic because the 21st Century has introduced new dynamics in organizational and human resource development that are likel
Wal-Mart is one of the world’s largest retailers. The company is incorporated in the United States of America and operates international outlets in a number of countries worldwide. Wal-Mart offers employment opportunities to many people around the world. In fact, the company has an employee base of over two million people throughout its numerous facilities in the United States and other nations. The history of Wal-Mart stretches way back to the early 1960s. In 1962, Sam Walton risked all his property to secure finances to start-up a new venture in the discounts retail industry. In the same year, three other discounts retail stores commenced their operation. These stores included Kmart, Target, and F.W. Woolworth. The store has had its ups and downs, but still thrives in the retail business to extend its growth to other regions across the world. The company has strategically established itself in the United Kingdom, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Japan, and South Korea. The retail store does not deal with specific goods. However, it deals with various goods and services through its many retail shops world wide (Palepu & Healy, 2008). Wal-Mart environmental analysis The analysis of the external environment presents the Wal-Mart retail stores with a number of opportunities. Firstly, due to its stature in the industry, Wal-Mart is presented with an opportunity to seek strategic alliances and mergers with other leading local and global retailers focusing on a given market niche. Additionally, analysis of the external environment suggests unmet targets in the supercenters business. Therefore, this presents Wal-Mart with an opportunity to continue with its current supercenters strategy. The emergence of new locations and store types present Wal-Mart with an opportunity to exploit market development through diversification to mall-based sites. Finally, there is an opportunity for the company to increase its investment in foreign countries especially the emerging markets such as China and other European nations. On the other hand, the biggest threat is the increasing competition from local and international competitors. Additionally, the political and media attention directed towards the company threaten the company in terms of its image and operation. The declining manufacturing prices present a threat to the company since it may result in intense price competition (Wal-Mart, 2012). Wal-Mart strategy Wal-Mart strategies are categorized as either domestic or international strategies. Its strategies are tightly focused on low-cost leadership in the industry. The aim of this strategy is to achieve cost advantage in the industry that is characterized by intense competition from the other large retai
The writers, who want impress everyone with their skills to present effective essays, should take into consideration the concept of audience from the very beginning of the writing process. Any type of writing may be easily failed in the audience is ignored or misunderstood (Sant, 2004), this is why it is necessary to keep in mind whom you are writing to and what purposes should be achieved at first. While writing personal narrative essay or persuasive essays, first of all, I try to consider two issues: those people, who will read my essay, and the thought, which may appear in their minds after reading my works. The concept of audience is crucially important for writing both persuasive and personal narrative essays: it is necessary to evaluate audience’s level of knowledge, their abilities to affect your pieces of writing, and predict how the audience may accept information, presented in your essays. When I started writing my persuasive narrative essay about the most challenging days in my life, I developed two types of audience for this essay: one of them were all those, who would read this work, and another was I, myself. I comprehended that writing a persuasive narrative essay turned out to be important for me as well as for those, who should read it. The readers got an opportunity to learn something more about my personality, my experience, and the situations I got into. With the help of this essay, I could share the ideas of how to cope with the challenges and achieve success in different school activities, I could train and even improve my writing skills, and finally, I got a chance to evaluate my past once again to make my future better. So, I realized that the concept of audience was extremely important for my personal narrative essay, and proper selection of the audience made me define how to write the process of writing: (1) I should to underline why the chosen topic could be interesting to the others; (2) I should clearly identify what the main themes would be in the essay; (3) I should promote the readers to continue reading and assure them that my story could be helpful for them. By means of clearing up the audience, I provide myself with a kind of brief plan for writing. Also, when I thought about the audience, I took into account the level of readers’ knowledge in order to decide what style of writing I should choose for my essay. I thought that my essay could be interesting not only for the tutors, who should evaluate my work and give me a grade, but also for those students, who faced the same or similar to mine challenges and wanted to find the solution, or even for myse
Globalization has changed social and cultural relations, economic and political situations in the world. The main changes in economic and political life have been caused by the greater participation of women in the labour force and access to education. Globalization creates new opportunities for both men and women to educate and receive good education abroad. Place of residence provides an indicator of educational and occupational opportunities. It is assumed that rural and urban areas differ in social and economic structures. The chain change that influenced integration and globalization processes is an increased number of men coming to cities. Large cities and bigger towns have an advantage over rural communities in terms of educational facilities and work opportunities. Residence in more urban settings during the pre-employment period is expected to influence schooling and employment. This study will include the location of residence at birth and at age fifteen, specifically whether or not the respondents had resided in the capital city during these periods in their lives. Timing of entry is an important aspect of labour-force participation. Early entry may deprive women of the opportunity for educational advancement and lock them into low-status jobs. At the same time, entry into the wage labour force initiates some degree of economic independence. Utilizing life-table techniques, we will examine both the cumulative proportion of women who have entered the labour force at each age and the rate of entry at each age. The rate of entry will be decomposed into two components: entry into gainful or unpaid work. Effects of mother’s status and age at entry are generally not Large nor are they consistent across countries. Nevertheless, the tendency is for mother’s education to improve employment status, for mother’s employment to reduce status, and for early entrance to reduce status. education is the major means through which women obtain higher status jobs. If other factors have much influence, it is because they promote educational achievement. It must be remembered, however, that the higher status jobs available to women are in sex-typed positions. Apparently, the pay associated with high-status, female-typed jobs is not very high. Other variables with positive effects on earnings (although not statistically significant) are age, having a previous marriage, work performed at home, and the presence of non-relatives in the household. The explanatory variables with negative effects on earnings are father’s education, father’s occupational prestige, mother’s education, mother’s employment, work hours, and presence of relatives in the household. Greater participation of women in the labour force creates new industries and services such as the fashion industry and film industry, the political leadership of women and the equal rights movement. Characteristics of current economic activity are influenced by socioeconomic background, educational attainment, early work experiences, and household c
Introduction The functioning of the human body is influenced by a number of factors, which are mainly determined by the health status of an individual. Oftentimes, we seek medication, when the body deviates from its normal and usual functioning mechanisms. Through different activities and processes, the body is able to use energy and replenish itself. Sleeping is one of the activities, which have direct effect on the functioning of the body. While most people do not understand the implication of sleep, our effectiveness solely depends on the amount of time dedicated to sleeping (Van 1455). However, due to some reasons, people fail to get enough sleep, daily, weekly or on a regular basis. Sleep deprivation has become a major problem in the United States today, with a wide range of negative effects among youths and adults. This paper discusses the issue of sleep deprivation, focusing on its definition, causes, effects, and possible ways of dealing with it. What is Sleep Deprivation? Sleep deprivation is defined as a condition, which occurs among human beings when they fail to get enough sleep. Many experts argue that sleep deficiency is wide even though most people do not consider it to be a serious issue, which affects their lives (Colten and Altevogt 94). Sleep deprivation has become a major problem in the United States, with almost forty seven million suffering from the condition. Among other reasons, one may get insufficient sleep in a day as a result of various factors. Some people sleep at the wrong time, due to busy daily schedules while others have sleep disorders, which affect their sleeping patterns. The following segment of the paper discusses causes of deprivation. Causes of Sleep Deprivation Sleep deprivation may occur as a result of factors, which are not known to the victims. This is based on the fact that, sleep deprivation may go beyond the number of hours one spends in bed. In some cases, the quality of sleep matters in determining the level of deprivation (Colten and Altevogt 94). In this context, it is possible for one to be in bed for more than eight hours but suffer from the negative effects of sleep deprivation. Whist this is the case, there are people who wake every morning feeling tired despite having spent recommended number of hours in bed. Sleep deprivation can be caused by medical conditions, which may include but not limited to asthma, arthritis, muscle cramps, allergies, and muscular pain. These conditions have been classified by researchers as common medical conditions that largely contribute to most of the cases of sleep deprivation being witnessed in the United States (Colten and Altevogt 94). Similarly, these medical conditions have a direct impact on not only the quality, but also the time one takes in bed sleeping. It is worth noting that sometimes people are usually unconscious to realize that their sleep is no
Computers have revolutionized the world we live in today by making it possible for people to engage in many different activities (Mann 6). It is easier now to connect with people in other parts of the globe passing over information without any difficulties. Over 3 billion people are using computers today with a significant portion of the population able to access computer partially. Computers have made people to become extremely creative even though most people have put great emphasis on the negative impacts of technology while ignoring the positive side. One of the negative aspects is for example the fact that crime has been improvised using computers even though crime existed even before computers were discovered. However, the computers elevated crime to new levels (Dawn 21). In this argumentative paper, the author notes that as a society, we are becoming more and more dependent on computers. The question is, is it a good thing or is the dependency detrimental to the wellbeing of humanity? This essay is going to argue along these lines. The paper will address dependency and over dependency on computers today. In their arguments, the author will look at both positive as well as negative effects of this dependency. Dependency on Computers and Human Wellbeing Computers were invented to be used for different purposes and this application has both negative to positive impacts. Regardless of the negativity or positivity of this application, the fault is not with the device itself but with the user (Lea 33). The user gets paralyzed by the computer if they become dependent on it. People depend so much on computers in contemporary society. This is clearly seen when things grind to a halt if the computer is not included in the operations. For example, even the author of this paper is not only using the computer to type the essay but they are also relying on the grammar checker to correct any grammatical errors in the paper. This is not a good thing since the author is now being controlled by the computer in their academic endeavors. The use of computer in education is widespread. It is noted that in many countries today, students no longer write on the wall or in their notebooks. Instead computers are used to type notes for the students and even smart writing boards are used instead of the manual writing boards (Higgins 26). Instead of controlling the computer, the education sector is now controlled by these machines. Technological innovations have peaked especially with the emergence of computers. Technology is an effective transformation tool but human kind is misusing it by depending too much on it. A lot of people are unable to keep a mental track of the various tasks they need to accomplish without the use of computer technology. For example the spelling check has led to the deterioration of grammar among students and even among those people perceived as being intelligent. They have to consult the computer programs to get it right (Higgins 31). The author acknowledges the positive impacts of computers in our schools today. Computers have positi
Background Housing is one of the most basic human needs, necessary for ensuring the physical and mental wellbeing of people, their security, and safety. Having a residency is crucial to having the ability to develop as an individual, form families, and lead a happy life. Some people are able to secure a home for themselves, while others are deprived of such an ability by their life circumstances. In some cases, people can lose their home and face the danger of having to find it again. Certain groups have a higher chance of facing homelessness or find themselves in residencies unable to fully support their contemporary needs. One of such groups is the elderly, who are faced with certain complications pertaining to their monetary income, physical and mental health. Ensuring that senior citizens of all walks of life and income statuses are able to lead rich, fulfilling and happy lives is important on both the individual and the societal level. This review will focus on reviewing the apartment complexes existing for this explicit purpose. Housing that is constructed to meet the needs of the low-income senior citizenry and provide support to the communities in its cities. The review will focus on evaluating the general area of the complex, the type of businesses found nearby, the general population, as well as the design principles employed during the construction. The evaluation will attempt to compare and contrast two apartment complexes, Sherwood Village Senior Apartments vs. Orinda, California: Monteverde Senior Apartments. Site Location The area where the building is located The Sherwood Village Senior Apartments is a housing complex situated in Salinas, California. The surrounding area has been developed and chosen specifically to construct a housing complex that will meet the needs of the senior population. A number of motel buildings were renovated and repurposed to create affordable housing ( Salinas, California: Sherwood Village Senior Apartments: HUD USER ). The surrounding area is well equipped with various places of interest and necessity, including the church, a convenience store, a tennis court, and an aquatic center. The area also has a significant amount of greenery, due to the proximity of Sherwood Park. The location is also specifically chosen because of its proximity to a public transit route, and the houses are equipped with solar panels, promoting environmentally-friendly living. Overall, the location is well-versed and able to meet the needs of the senior population. Monteverde Senior Apartments were built to meet the rising demand for affordable housing in the city of Orinda, California. With the city’s relatively small size, finding and constructing an affordable housing complex has presented difficulty, but the use of intelligent design has allowed the construction company to swiftly overcome that challenge. In terms of location, the site was also chosen correctly. With the close prox
How Cambridge Building Society competitors use their retail space to communicate with customers Cambridge Building Society competitors have utilized their retail space to communicate with their customers in a number of ways. The firms have integrated both traditional and emerging retail communication techniques. For example, as part of its corporate responsibility to communicate to the public, Lloyds TSB management team has ensured that its vision, mission and values are well known by the customer. The firm has achieved this by ensuring that it provides its customers with sufficient literature regarding its operations, products and services (Lloyds Banking Group, 2008, p.3). CBS competitors are increasingly adopting emerging Information Communication Technologies within their retail branches. One of the ways through which they have attained this is by integrating Electronic Display Systems. Some of the financial institutions that have integrated these technologies include Nationwide Building Society and Royal Bank of Scotland. These firms have installed Electronic Display Systems such as LCD and LED Displays (Electronic Display Systems, 2011, para. 1). In-store layouts, activities and communications tools used and their effect Ensuring effective store layout plays a critical role in attracting customers. In its operation, CBS and its competitors have effectively designed their in-store layout. For example, Lloyds has established a number of points are established whereby the customers can access information regarding the firm’s operation (Lloyds Banking Group, 2008, p.11). In an effort to develop a strong relationship with its customers, HSBC has incorporated effective interior designing within its retail branches as illustrated by the image below. HSBC has incorporated effective interior designing. In its operation, Barclays Bank has effectively designed its interiors in an effort to create a friendly banking experience. In 2009, Barclays bank received the FX Interior Design Award for its effectiveness in designing and using its retail space to communicate to the customer (Barclays, 2009, para. 9). Barclays bank interiors. Communication tools In an effort to ensure effective communication with their customers and to create unique customer experience, CBS competitors have integrated current retail communication technologies. These firms have attained this by incorporating the concept of digital signage and digital posters. Digital signage is a technology that enables an organization to display its product information through various methods such as scrolling text, pictures, graphics and audio simultaneously at different locations through digital technologies (Science Tech Entrepreneur, 2010, p.2). The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) and Nationwide Building Society financial institutions has installed the current digital technology within their