ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Two communication scholars, Ball Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur, formulated the media systems theory in 1976, which is based on the sociological concepts suggesting that the influence of mass media should be understood in terms of the larger social systems. In this regard, the theory combines the relationships between the larger social systems, the mass media, and the members of society. The relationship between the mass media and society ought to be understood from a larger social perspective. The theory is based on the premise that the media is critical to an individual’s life mainly because it is depended upon in fulfilling the basic needs. In other words, the mass media influences the behaviour of an individual more if it is relied upon in fulfilling the basic needs (Ball-Rokeach, & DeFleur, 1976). Media dependency theory is focused on explaining the relationships between various components of life, which influence the behaviour of an individual. Communication scholars are of the view that media dependency is based on three major relationships, one of them being the relationship between society and the mass media. The theory posits further that media dependence is based on an individual’s political, economic, and socio-cultural systems. The second form of relationship is between the media and the audience. In fact, this relationship plays a critical role in the understanding of the theory since it influences the way in which an individual utilizes the mass media. The importance of information forces an individual to look for it everywhere. This strengthens an individual’s dependence on the media. The final relationship is between the audience and the society whereby it is noted that the society influences information consumption. The society sets the needs of an individual, as well as the motives for the utilization of media information. The society is known to set standards, principles, knowledge, and regulations, which determine the type of information to be utilized. Based on these relationships, it is argued that the media influences society in a number of ways. This article evaluates the effects of the media on the behaviour of individuals. The Media Needs and the Dependency on the Media The two theorists, Ball Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur, suggested that at least three types of human needs forces an individual to depend on the media. One of the needs is the desire to comprehend the social world through surveillance. This means that the world is full of jargons that only the mass media can interpret. The media in this case plays a critical role of influencing an individual’s orientation to the world. The second human need is the urge to act meaningfully and effectively meaning that the media provides important information that helps an individual behave in a way that would be pleasant to others. In other words, it helps an individual in acting as a rational actor. Through the media, an individual becomes a social utility since his or her views would be very important in understanding some concepts and issues in society.
Communication process – it is the series of step by step actions we take between two entities to exchange messages successfully. There is the sender who initiates the message sending, there is also the message which is the intended information to be sent, it also involves encoding of the message which is transforming the thoughts in a form that can be sent, such as words (Rice and Atkin 15). There is also a channel of communication which is the means by which the message will be sent. The final recipient of the message is known as the receiver (Turow 100). The receiver has to decode the message to get an understanding of the intended message. The receiver and sender must have a similar field of experience which is the same knowledge and understanding of the message for the process to be effective. Persuasion Matrix is a model that tries to explain how mass media communication helps in persuading people. This model considers that persuasion is due to successfully transiting several steps before persuasion. It has two sets of variables, namely input and output. The independent variable is the one that can be controlled during communication. On the other hand, dependent variable is the phases that the receiver will go through while being persuaded. The matrix is important as it serves as a very great visual tool to indicate how message components target persuasion phases. This matrix is important in IMC process as it deals with how we can persuade our target customers or clients to influence their behavior and attitudes towards what we need to convince them to buy.                                           Independent variables : communication components Dependent Variables: Steps of persuasion  Source                                            Message  Channel  Receiver  Destination Message Presentation                                                                                 (2)                            Attention                                 (4 )                                                                                      Comprehension                                                                                                 (1 )                  Yielding                                                                                    (3 )                                    Retention                                                                                                                           Behavior                                                                                                                             The Elaboration Likelihood Model (EML) model was proposed by Petty and Caciapo (1986) and views persuasion as a method in which the rate of success of influence mainly is dependent on the way the recipient of the message will make sense from the message sent to them (John, Singh, and Woo 88). (John, Singh, and Woo 67). This model has two routes of persuasion. First is the central route that consists of consideration of the argument cases in the message sent. The second route is the p
Abstract This article is a case study of LensCrafters. It focuses on operations management and technology as ways of achieving organizational success. Operations management is an important activity in organizations as it facilitates quality production. The operations manager should come up with a strategy that the organization should adopt to produce quality goods or providing quality services. A company can utilize quality production as a competitive edge. Thus, organizations need to align their operations strategies with the competitive strategies. The operations managers should be skilled enough to deal with the challenges they are likely to face in their operations. Technology should also be embraced in the bid to incorporate quality production in organizations. Operations strategy and explain how the organization seeks to gain a competitive advantage in terms of sustainability LensCrafters has attained a cutting edge in the market due to its successful operations strategy. First, the company has professional employees who are highly qualified and have sufficient knowledge about their work. This is important in that the employees are able to produce high quality eyewear to the satisfaction of every customer. It is important to note that the human resources are always the greatest asset that each organization can have and make the operation strategy set by the management a success. This is a point that LensCrafters is well aware of and is committed to ensuring the best employees work for the firm (Collier & Evans, 2009). Secondly, the organization ensures that it has good and reliable access to eyewear accessories. This is a strategy that ensures timely production of eyewear and increases convenience for both the organization and the customers. It is also important in accomplishing the organization’s “one hour service” and the “one stopshopping” strategy (LensCrafters, 2013). The operations management always ensures that any accessory needed for the production activities is available on time at the right place. It also boosts quality production as the employees can fully concentrate on the production activities, instead of diverting their attention to the inconveniences that may be caused by lack of timely availability of production materials. The other operation strategy that the organization has implemented is the installation of modern
To begin with, I should say that portraits are artistic representations of people in which their faces and expressions are predominant. When artists paint portraits they usually intend to show both appearance of the person portrayed and the mood of this person. The current paper is devoted to comparison of the two portraits of the famous artists: Rembrandt’s Woman with a Pink and Hans Holbein the Younger’s Portrait of a Man in a Red Cap . The comparison will be made through the following perspectives: the way the sense of dimension is created; the way light and shade are used; and the emphases the authors of the two works make. Starting with general remarks on the portraits, I should say that both of them depict people in their still positions. Woman with a Pink shows a woman at about fifty five with a pink in her hand. The flower is a symbol of marital fidelity. The woman seems to stand still in her intention to present the flower to a beloved person. When I look at the portrait it seems to me that the life around the woman that Rembrandt has portrayed has stopped for a while. The woman is absorbed in her thoughts that no one but her knows. I suppose that she thinks of the days she and her husband spent together and the words of love she was going to tell him. Still, the great painter has managed to depict the woman in such a way so that the viewer becomes puzzled with the mystery the woman’s glance is full of. The second work under consideration portrays a man of thirty. The first point of comparison that comes to my mind is the eyes of both persons. The woman and the man seem to look into the distance without a concrete purpose. If in the woman’s case I can at least assume what she thinks of, in the case of the man in a red cap I cannot even suggest what he is troubled with. The people from the two portraits wear contemporary attire with the emphasis made on the jewelry the woman has on. Further, I will focus on this emphasis. The Woman with a Pink strikes with the sense of dimension that the author created. The use of line and a cold bright red color that Rembrandt used for the woman’s attire is responsible for this effect. The richly dark colored red strokes used in different vectors by the painter encourage one to think that the woman’s dress is fluffy and a sort of aerial. It seems that the character of line throughout the painting also contributes to this sense of dimension. The contours are not contrast, but smooth, thus, the depicted objects are in line with each other and perceived as a whole unity. To my mind, the sense of dimension is important for understanding the message of the painter that consists in marital fidelity among people. The thing is that this notion is a rather vague one, and I suppose that the painter has created the sense of dimension to highlight the broadness of this notion. As for the second portrait under analysis, the viewer’s attention is drawn to the way the man’s face is depicted. The brushstrokes seem to be used in a chaotic manner. I believe that this contributes to the fee
Name of the Club The club will use Alumni of the Master as its name. It will have its headquarters in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. I will consider Abu Dhabi University as the Alma Mater of the alumni members. Goals The club will be a form of public enterprise that does not deal in profit making ventures. Formed based on non-profit making mission, the club will strive to meet the following core objectives:   * To foster and maintain long lasting friendly contacts among the members;   * To provide a professional linkage and opportunities for Alumni of the Master members;   * To promote the spirit of unity, loyalty and corporate responsibility that is, giving back to the community;   * To promote the welfare of the alumnus by employing best practices based on respect, fairness and honesty;   * To strengthen the relationship that exists between the alumni and society;   * To solicit funds for the Alma Mater: Abu Dhabi University (ADU);   * To assist the institution in selecting future students to enhance the quality of future Alumni of the Master members;   * Act as a link between the alumni and the University to nurture a lasting relationship between them. Roles of the Club The club of Alumni of the Master forms the key product of the University. With the above goals at hand, it is the most significant manifestation of Abu Dhabi’s excellence. Markedly, the club’s intention to engage actively in society will leave the Universities mark hence enhancing its recognition all over the world. The club will continue engaging with the University both in its local and international campuses. The University recognizes Alumni of the Master club as an extremely important stakeholder. Members of the club can support the institution in the following ways:   * Becoming an ambassador and advocate of the Abu Dhabi University;   * They can participate in the governance of ADU through the Board of the Alumni of the Master;   * Engaging in career guidance services and mentoring programmes for current students and young graduates;   * They can donate their finances, time and effort to ADU;   * They can also help in recruiting new students;   * They can offer general support to ADU. Activ
Racism refers to “the belief that there are inherent differences in people’s traits and capacities that are entirely attributed to their race”. This means that the characteristics of human beings and their abilities to perform particular roles in life are entirely determined by their genetics. The traits associated with the various races are used to classify them as either superior or inferior races. The belief in the superiority of one race over the other is normally used to justify the unequal treatment of different races. Historical analysis reveals that the inferior races are entitled to unfair social, economic, political and legal treatment. Thus the practice of showing preference for a particular group of people on the basis of racial backgrounds amounts to racism. Some scholars argue that the mere act of holding a prejudiced belief that some individuals are inferior due to their racial origins is also a form of racism. The history of racism dates back to the colonial era whereby the colonials mostly from the European countries expanded their territories to Africa, Asia and even America. The colonials considered their subjects especially the blacks as inferior species. The colonials’ beliefs were mainly based on perceptions rather than empirical proof. However, such biased perceptions still exist today and is responsible for racial discrimination and segregation. Reason for Choosing the Topic Racism has been considered a worldwide prob
Summary of Clinical Issue Medication errors are some of the major factors that contribute to poor patient outcomes. These errors often arise from the lack of sufficient knowledge and experience on the part of nurses, resulting in inappropriate diagnosis and, consequently, wrong prescription of treatment. Some of the negative effects associated with medication errors include prolonged hospital stay, dissatisfaction with the quality of care, development of comorbidities, and higher rates of readmission. These outcomes seriously impact the patients’ quality of life, create pressure on scarce healthcare facilities (for example, readmissions), and increase the cost of medical care. In the context of worsening nurse shortage and high levels of patient acuity, it is necessary to minimize medication errors as a means of improving patient outcomes. The starting point in addressing this problem is offering specific training to nurses to improve their competence and efficiency. For instance, training nurses in a specific area of specialization, such as diagnosis, laboratory testing, and drug prescription, can improve accuracy in detecting underlying health conditions. An accurate diagnosis will in turn improve treatment prescription, and ultimately lead to better patient outcomes. It is expected that these measures will shorten the length of hospitalization, reduce the rates of readmission, and increase levels of patient satisfaction with care services. PICOT Question: In patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU), what impact would nurse training have on reducing medication errors and ultimately, minimizing cases of readmission within a few days post-surgery? Criteria                                            Article 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Article 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Article 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink       Gorgich, E. A. C., Barfroshan, S., Ghoreishi, G., & Yagho
America is largely a land inhabited by immigrant. Prior to the world wars, it is estimated that millions of people left their homelands in Europe, Asia and Africa to find a place in the new land which was America. According to Bodnar, most of the people immigrating to America did so in an attempt to flee disorder and poverty in their homelands (xvi). On reaching the new land however, most of them weakened from the inhospitable cities and climate in America in addition to the back-breaking labor most of them had to undertake in order to survive. The life According to Bodnar, life for immigrants was always full of challenges, “Their fate was one of a life in insulated ethnic ghettos, continual struggle, and an eventual but precarious attachment to the new economy” (xvi). Not all immigrants however found it extremely hard to adapt. Some successfully used their long-established traditions to organize new lives thus easily transitioning from the lives they had been used to in their homelands, to the new economic, social and political realities of the new land. It is however notable that the immigrants experience was not similar to all. This was especially so because different immigrants had different ideologies and cultures. When the different people from different cultures met, it was a recipe for speculation and mistrust amongst each other especially when the different parties did not share a language (Daniels 309). As Portes and Rumbaut notes, immigrants lacked sufficient knowledge of the English language, and this meant that they failed to fully understand what was happening around them and also could not “explain themselves effectively” (119). More to this, immigrant parents who did not want their children to learn the new language (English) often picketed schools that insisted on using English as the sole mode of communication. This meant that English acquisition among the younger generation at the time was also delayed. The lack of a “voice” in the first generation of immigrants meant that there was an enforced positivity which entrenched the native fears in some communities. In return, lucrative demagoguery and active hostility flourished in some of the communities. Since the fears in most of the immigrant communities were just illusionary, they had no political consequence thus meaning that they were never successful even where the communities had specific goals. Notably, groups of immigrants sharing the same culture and norms underwent the “process of reactive formation”, which according to Portes and Rumbaut, gave birth to some for of ethnic resilience (120). Notably, this was not a deliberate effort by the immigrants to carry on with the culture they had been used to in their homelands; rather, it was a reaction to the discrimination, views and the situations they faced on arrival to America. Accordingly, most social solidarity in the immigrant groups was not defined by
Child abuse, once becoming a serious socio-cultural issue, has drawn the attention of medical practitioners who serve as advocates for the community’s physical and emotional well-being. Although common for all ages, school-aged children are exposed to a higher risk of phycological abuse combined with the pressure of interaction with peers and educators. Generally, the notion of child abuse encompasses physical, emotional, sexual, medical abuse, and neglect (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Each of the aforementioned types may be recognized with the help of the following “red flags”:   * Physical abuse may be detected through injuries that cannot be explained by a child;   * Sexual abuse is recognized in child’s odd sexual behavior or knowledge, blood spots on the underwear, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases;   * Emotional abuse is extremely hard to identify with certainty, but emotionally abused children tend to have mental disorders like depression, emotional detachment, or self-consciousness;   * Neglect may be spotted through such signs as poor weight or growth, lack of essential items such as hygiene items and clothing, lack of medical care, and inconsistent school attendance records (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Nurses should also pay attention to the behavioral patterns of a child’s parents, as they may show a lack of interest in a child’s health and well-being, act aggressively towards children, or limit the child’s communication circle. Such behavior should be perceived as abusive and addressed by the corresponding services. Undeniably, some cases of a seemingly abusive practice may be misinterpreted by nurses. For example, some culturally specific health practices like coining or cupping leave visible bruises on the body (Killion, 2017). To avoid such misunderstandings, nurses are to be culturally sensitive and aware. However, if the signs prove to be abusive, nurses in my community have to address the Department of Children and Families through the Florida Abuse Hotline.