ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Environmental problems have become one of the most acute at the beginning of the 21st century. By consuming natural resources more and more intensively with the help of enormously increasing technical means, humanity has immeasurably improved the conditions for the development of its civilization. However, human intervention in all spheres of nature causes a sharp deterioration of ecological systems, often even the death of unique natural complexes. Humanity is already in such a period of development that ensuring its environmental safety becomes even more important than further progress. That is why it is vital to analyze the main risks and threats posed to human ecological security, such as natural disasters and human activity, as well as discuss possible solutions to this crucial problem. The Concept of Environmental Security Environmental security is usually defined as the state of a person’s protection from the impact of adverse environmental factors. Initially (around the middle of the twentieth century), the main ecological threat to humanity was considered to be the depletion of non-renewable natural resources. The principal limitation of natural resources has led to the emergence of ideas related to their rational use, the creation of new resource-saving technologies, and artificial regulation of the world population. After a few decades, the focus of environmental security began to shift towards the preservation of environmentally friendly human conditions of existence. The current concept of environmental safety includes both aspects: rational use of natural resources and the prevention of ecological catastrophe on a global scale. Literature Review Sean Kay, in the book “Global Security in the Twenty-First Century,” provides an analysis of contemporary security dilemmas throughout the world. He discusses different elements contributing to human security, such as human rights, populat
Introduction In the book “Woman Hollering Creek”, Sandra Cisneros has exemplified the different feminist issues which are believed to have been experienced in life by her. She has written from her own experiences because in being a Mexican American she understands how Mexican women with traditional belief systems feel about the available options in an unhappy marriage. She has depicted how women under such circumstances reluctantly choose to cope with the unhappy circumstances. The main character, Cleofilas is able to gather enough courage in breaking free of her adversities only after she is motivated by her friend that women have to holler for their freedom instead of sobbing and wailing in self pity. The story reveals how Cleofilas is able to understand the concepts of life through her experiences. Main body A feminist perspective of literature implies that the piece of literature has to be analyzed regardless of gender issues in supporting the equality of women with men. Essentially a feminist perspective concerns with the economical, political and social equality of both sexes. It is known that the author of the book, “Woman Hollering Creek” is a woman, but not much difference would have been made to the presentation of the story if it would have been written by a man having a feminist perspective. The story as narrated by Sandra Cisneros gives a vivid account of Cleofilas, a young woman who lives in a virtual dream world before her marriage. She loves watching tele novellas which makes her to believe that she too would live the life of the main actress in the tele novellas that she watches. The heroine of the story that she watches is shown as belonging to a poor family who works for a wealthy family whose smart and handsome son falls in love with her. In this context Sandra Cisneros
Introduction When examining the work of Catherine White, two primary distinctions can be seen; the first is that she has adopted a minimalist perspective in her art (as evidenced by both the article “Spiralling Choices” and the aesthetic nature of her work, which lacks excessive external decorations). The second distinction is that she chooses to let her book’s materials “speak” for itself. Minimalist Perspective In samples of her work such as the “Red Rippled Bottle” or “Faceted Vase,” it can be seen that the book lacks any form of external decorative trappings in the form of overly elaborate designs, complex shapes, or even a diverse array of coloring (“Spiralling Choices” 1). What is present is merely a piece of art with one or two shades and has a straightforward design. Yet, such an aesthetic choice is not made out of laziness; instead, it is done by Ms. White to appeal to her sense of aesthetics, which focuses on emphasizing the beauty of the materials utilized rather than just the artist’s skill. From one perspective, it can be stated that despite the simple look of her artistic creations, they do look quite beautiful, and anyone would be proud to own one of her products. Material Choice Earlier, when I referred to Ms. White, letting the material of her work “speak for itself,” I was correlating it to the minimalist perspective that she has adopted. The article “Dance of Materials” helps people to understand that Ms. White has a great deal of respect for the various materials she utilizes in creating her clay creations and often sees something wondrous in the mundane (“The Dance of Material” 1). This manifests itself in her work wherein she lets the creation act act as the external decoration of the piece rather than cover it up with paint or elaborate designs. The results are types of jars that look simple in appearance but hold a great deal of complexity related to creation. As seen in the article, she often utilizes different baking techniques, clay samples, and molding processes to create a fascinating yet straightforward design that would not look out of place in a museum of antiquities. Personal Perspective It is based on this perspective that I believe that the design choices that Ms. White utilizes, as well as the focus of her art, is more similar to those used by clay artists more than a thousand years ago. What you have to understand is that in many clay creations at present, many artists utilize styles and techniques that have been aided through many technological processes. This manifests itself in the type of materials used (i.e., highly processes dried clay powder that can be easily molded), the use of modern tools and devices (i.e., a spinning wheel, scalpels, and automated cutters), to an assortment of dyes and paints that help to hone and form many of today’s clay creations. Such modern-day conveniences simply were not present one thousand years ago, and, as such, many clay artists at the time had to improvise with the materials and techniques that they
Introduction The economic value of the construction industry is significant and the industry contributes up to 10% of the annual GDP for most nations (Purkiss, 2). The industry encompasses the use of many other complementary industries such as electrical, mining, steel and transportation to name but a few. This involvement of multiple industries suggests that the construction industries success or failure can reflect on a number of other industries. Humans are physical beings and need buildings and other structures to enable them to carry out their day to day activities in an efficient manner. As such, the need to implement safety and preventive measures in such places is invaluable. Despite the clearly vital role of construction as an economic entity, the industry continues to be affected by inefficiencies and accidents which mostly spring from a lack of proper protective equipments, poor construction and poor decision making. Fire is one of the most dangerous occurrences that may put many lives in danger in these facilities. To this effect, all governments and other organizations have put in place standards that stipulate the safety and preventive requirements for the various types of buildings and structures. Fire safety and prevention should be considered while constructing buildings and other structures. This paper shall give a detailed analysis of fire as a life threatening occurrence. The various causes of fire shall be discussed and their impacts on human life addressed. The various preventive and safety measures that can be employed to minimize or avoid the occurrences of fire shall also be highlighted. Through the exploration of the vital equipments required to quell fires in buildings and structures, this paper shall effectively provide viable recommendations geared towards fire safety and prevention in a bid to promote the preservation of life. Brief overview of fire safety and preventive standards Fire safety and prevention as defined by Brannigan refers to the steps and measures that are taken by people to ensure that the occurrence, control and extinguishing of unwanted fires is effective and safe to those involved (24). The existence of fire safety and prevention standards can be traced back to the late 19 th century. The reason behind their institution was mainly because fires were unpredictable, dangerous and responsible for the deaths of many as well as the loss of property. As such, these standards were put in place to ensure that fires could be contained and controlled such that the losses caused by fire were minimal. In regards to the control of fires, the standards were set to consider the recommended heights of buildings, the ventilation of the same, the availability of exits and the use of non flammable materials during constructions (Brannigan, 80). The building and construction codes in the UK have stipulated the various stan
Introduction The 2022 FIFA World Cup is scheduled to take place in Qatar from November 22 to December 18, 2022 (Zimbalist 2015, 34). Various departments within the State of Qatar Ministry of Interior are under pressure to identify major risks that may affect this event and consequently develop proper mitigation plans. The activities involved and a massive number of expected visitors necessitate having a proper disaster and emergency management plan. The focus of this paper is to identify the major risks that may occur, how these risks can be managed, and the agencies that need to be involved. The document will help improve the country’s national risk register during a sensitive period when numerous foreigners are expected in major cities across the country. Aim and Objectives The purpose of this essay is to provide a robust plan that can be used to manage various possible disasters and emergencies while the country is hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup. During that period, Qatar should be ready to deal with different threats (Koenig & Schultz 2016, 65). Ascertaining potential risks will facilitate drafting a proper management plan. Identifying specific stakeholders who should be involved will eliminate doubt and confusion regarding who is expected to undertake shoulder responsibilities when managing these risks
Introduction Over the years, Kevin Chen has learned how to fine-tune his driving skills from road driving level to the highly competitive driving skills necessary to compete on the international level racing circuits. Beginning his professional career in August 2007, everyone involved in his development both as a race car driver and team member has noted that he has matured tremendously before their eyes both as an individual and competitor. All of the accomplishments and failures of Kevin in the past will now face the biggest hurdle of his racing career so far. In September of 2008, Kevin was offered a chance to further challenge and hone his racing mettle by trying out for a spot in the GP2 competition at the Paul Ricard Circuit. Main body In a press statement released today by his staff, Chen remained grateful for the steady support of his fans and spoke about his sentiments at being part of the GP 2 testing rounds. “I am very honored to have been given a chance to try-out for the racing series. The GP 2 circuit is almost as challenging as the Formula 1 racing circuit. Only top drivers of the world are given a chance to race at the GP2. ” The GP 2 circuit is considered the best training ground for any driver ambitioning to race in the Formula 1 series. It was specifically designed n 2004 to separate the men from the boys of the professional racing circuit. The competition itself is a championship series that has strong links to the F1 Paddock. The GP 2 racing car is mounted with a 200 hp engine and none of the highly sophisticated racing car technology that tends to spoil the modern race car driver. Winning the race is based solely upon a driver’s skill, quick wit on the track, and capability to adjust to driving situations at a split-second notice. The drivers are fully concentrated on driving as they need not worry about any onboard electronic sensors for power steering, ground effect, and slick tires. Indeed, the GP 2 cars are a beast of a different sort. Something that Kevin has never faced before and will serve as the giant that this Goliath shall overcome and conquer. There are only 26 seats open every year during the GP 2 testing season and is 100 times more tricky and harder than the Formula V6 race weekend. This is a cutthroat competition that is not for the weak and less than determined driving soul This year, a quarter of the F1 grid is made up of GP 2 graduates. The GP 2 testing weekend is a 2-day event covering 12 hours of driving time, allowing the driver to complete 160 – 200 laps. However, Kevin only completed 55 laps due to gar problems in the first session
Introduction Since organizational logistics create potential threats to environmental sustainability at all levels of its functioning, the integration of ecological principles in supply chain management will contribute to the increase in ecological safety and conscious resources consumption; development of ecological education of personnel, and raise in consumers’ awareness and motivation. What is my goal in this paper? The goal of the paper is in the identification of the main constructs of the green logistics concept. The main aim of the study is the detection of interrelations between the green logistics principles integration into the organizational policies and its subsequent effects on the organizational performance and ecological outcomes. Throughout the course of the investigation, it is important to comprehend multiple details related to the topic. For the attainment of the comprehensive data, the analysis should include the sources providing different perspectives on the issue. Moreover, the paper must be written in compliance with the rules of scholarly communication and research formatting to ensure its readability and scientific value. What do I already know about my topic? Nowadays, the international trade expansion and the increase in cross-border transportation provoke the significant deterioration of environmental state both at the regional and global scale. The consideration of the ecological principles and focus on the decrease of environmental pollution is the primary requirement of green logistics. The analysis of the effects of green logistics is of significant interest to the researchers. A vast number of research papers are devoted to the evaluation of its positive effects on ecology and some aspects of organizational performance. The literature also provides information about the cost-effective regulation within the frames of green logistics, and it is considered that, in the long-term perspective, the elaboration of policies according to the ecologic principles has favorable effects on the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain management in general. What do my readers already know? The readers may know about the general aspects included in the ideas of logistics and ecological principles. Moreover, the orientation to the ecologic sustainability is widely promoted today; therefore, it is possible to presume that the majority of the readers will be familiar with the concept of green logistics, at least superficially. The basic rules and methods of polluti
Discussion on trade union membership in the USA, Australia, and China The trade unions demonstrate different directions and tendencies in the USA and Australia when compared to those in China. The former shows a steady decline which can be traced back several decades, while the latter steadily improves and strengthens over time. The main reason for this is a somewhat different role these entities play in different countries. In the US the trade unions saw rapid development from 1930 to the sixties, where they have started to decline. This process is observable to this day and is expected to persist in the nearest future. According to the general understanding, there are two major reasons for the decline. First, the 1960s saw the tendency of the legal proceedings to be resolved in favour of the employers rather than workers. This has discouraged the unionists from legal actions in case of unfair treatment. Second, many organizations have gained sufficient political power to influence the legislative change process. This allowed for the formation of the legal environment favourable to the anti-union tactics. While on several occasions attempts were made to prohibit union-busting, the overall picture remained relatively unchanged throughout recent decades. As a result, the union sector declined while the non-union one is on the rise. It is important to note that while the percentage of unionized workforce nowadays is relatively similar to the one in the 1930s, the working conditions differ tremendously. In the thirties, the individual employee rights were in their infancy and thus the workers were virtually unprotected. This has led to the natural countermeasure of forming unions to secure employee rights. However, since the introduction of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, the legislation regulating the employment policies began its development towards more favourable conditions. As a result, currently, the employees are sufficiently protected regardless of being part of the trade union. Thus, the unionized segment, which was always viewed as a drawback by the employers, has partially lost its significance as a means of protecting the employee but has remained a repelling factor for the company. The unionized labour costs more, which is recognized as the reason for the demise of some firms. Unions decrease the competitive advantage of the firm. Finally, the public im
In order to encourage customers to purchase the private-label products, CVS employs a series of marketing techniques. Thus, for instance, the company sees to the fact that the labels of their products are partially similar to those of the branded offers (see App.1). Kumar and Steenkamp (2007) name this method “a copy-cat approach” (33). This technique serves to create an impression of familiarity in customers, which is critical, as companies do not normally spend significant resources on the promotion and advertising of private-label products (Chernev, 2010). As a result, the customers are less inclined to doubt the quality of CVS’s products when associating it with that of the items they typically buy. Apart from making the private-label products look similar to brand products, CVS also tries to attract their customers with the help of the low-cost strategy that they use for this type of production. The reduced prices can be easily explained by the fact that the promotion of private-label products is generally less costly. Thus, experts note that companies save considerable money on the advertising campaigns and distribution management –as a rule, such products are not sold by external retailers, neither they are widely advertised (Gázquez-Abad, Martínez-López, Esteban-Millat, Mondéjar-Jiménez, 2014). Another approach that CVS employs for leading their customers to buy the private-label product resides in extending their clientele base. Thus, Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2008) point out that the company offers special conditions for their employees under which the latter receive a beneficial discount in case they buy the private-label production (185). One more technique that the company employs in order to sell its private-label product resides in the so-called “bundling offers.” In other words, CVS offers to buy a set of private-label products for a lower price. According to Rao (2009), this method is particularly useful for private-label sales as it encourages customers to purchase the items they are not likely to choose along with those they really need. Another critical point that needs to be noted is the allocation of the private-label products. Hence, private-label items need to be beneficially allocated as they are less likely to be searched for by clients intentionally (Kumar & Steenkamp, 2007). As a result, CVS places their private-label production next to a well-recognized brand. In such a manner, customers looking for a particular brand item are sure to notice CVS’s product and the chances that it will be sold increase significantly as the latter has a substantial competitive advantage in terms of pricing. The company’s pricing strategy for its private-label production is determined by a series of factors. First and foremost, the company realizes that the customers’ awareness of private-labels is lower than that of the brand-labels; thus, the production is in an unbeneficial position in terms of recognition. However, CVS takes into account the fact that this production is less costly as it does not require a consistent contri