ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Sociologists study humans and their interactions, and for that, they use such approaches as surveys, experiments, calculations, and field research. As scientists, sociologists follow a particular scientific research process that obtains likely results. For instance, the scientific method requires building and examining theories about humans’ interactions based on empirical knowledge. The scientific method can be described as a series of steps: asking a question – literature review – building a hypothesis – conducting a study – concluding – reporting results (Lumen learning). Asking a question is the first step of the scientific method. Thus, the researcher defines the problem and specifies the field of interest. In the next step, the researcher reviews existing literature in order to get to know prior studies in this field. Then, the researcher builds a hypothesis, which is an educated guess about the predicted consequences of the different variables. For instance, a hypothesis usually predicts how the behavior of a person affects the behavior of another. Furthermore, the researcher conducts a reliable study, which means that the study can be replicated by another researcher, given that the latter follows the prescribed procedure. In conclusion, researcher must provide valid results. The validity of the study determines how well the study measures aspects, which the it aimed to assess. In other words, validity shows that the researcher reports the results precisely congruent with the study’s goal and nothing else (Lumen learning). In summary, the scientific method allows researchers to adhere to a certain series of steps. Following these steps provide room for development of scientific society. Given the researcher follows these steps, his or her work can be easily evaluated by the scientific society, which eliminates inappropriate works drawing false or erroneous conclusions and appreciates reliable and valid works that further enhances. Work Cited Lumen Learning. “ The Scientific Method | Introduction to Sociology. ” Lumen . Web.
The company is a United States casual restaurant with about 85,0000 employees and enjoys a mass flow of loyal customers. Its menu includes burritos, tacos, quesadillas, bowls, and salads. The firm’s primary products are typically nutrition and food sourcing, with a focus on responsible sourcing, freshly cooked, and wholesome ingredients. The chain is famous for giving supplementary simple food deprived of artificial additives and a huge range of totally customizable lenient tacos, burritos, bowls, salads, chips, and queso (Chipotle, 2020). In terms of marketing, Chipotle is a corporation that uses non-traditional advertising, considering marketing strategies that generate positive feedback from customers and word of mouth reputation. The company reportedly spends only 2% of its revenue on advertising and relies on a unique social media presence or public promotions to attract consumers. Chipotle has established itself as a “leader in culture” remaining a popular spot for youth to either hang out or order delivery as a representation of their millennial ‘healthy’ status (WARC, 2020). The perfect target market for Chipotle is the younger millennial professionals and college students aged from 18 to 28 (Lock, 2020). As a result of their busy schedules, they require a healthy alternative to preparing a meal and have to eat out; hence they turn out to fast-casual restaurants such as Chipotle. The company promotes its products by satisfying customers with fair prices. Their customizable food is sold through two channels: assembly lines in the leading stores and their mobile application (Lock, 2020). In terms of prices, Chipotle is known for having a fair price. In comparison to other fast-food restaurants, they have almost the same prices. A higher interest rate in the company is a result of increased financial leverage. The company reports the lowermost margins compared to other companies but can record the highest net income rate, which is why it has more potential compared to other companies (Walker & Merkley, 2017). Chipotle Mexican Grill has a Debt to Equity of 2.033, according to the 2019 annual report. The ratio was determined by dividing total liabilities of $3.4 billion by total shareholders’ equity of $1.7 billion (Chipotle, 2019). The rate is 98.45% lower than that of the restaurant industry and the Consumer Cyclical sector (Lock, 2020). The Company’s Debt to Equity Ratio is projected to increase depending on the last several reporting years. Moreover, the company reports a leading net income growth, which implies that it can perform better, resulting in further potential benefits. Additionally, the income statements generally show an increase in the net income and the comprehensive income. The company’s financial statements are based on its fillings with U.S Securities and Exchange Commission. In 2019, Chipotle’s annual revenue was $5.586 billion, which was a 14.8% growth from the previous year (Chipotle, 2019). The augmented revenue was a result of a significant upsurge in comparable sales of the restaurants. Moreover, the revenue rose due to new res
Major Food Safety Hazards in the USA Nutrition is one of the people’s fundamental needs, which often causes problems. It is stated that the entire area of ​​food production can be defined as the world’s premier laboratory for the public health industry. Consequently, it should meet all international and national requirements, especially in terms of hygiene and technological discipline in all areas of the turnover of raw materials and food products. Major food safety hazards are infectious diseases or intoxication caused by bacteria, viruses, or chemicals entering the human body due to contaminated water or products. Latent food products can be a source of harmful biological and chemical factors for humans. Cells of various microorganisms and protozoa and such toxic substances as pesticides, heavy metals, which are dangerous to humans, can enter with food. For instance, pathogens of many diseases are transmitted through animal origin products, including salmonellosis, brucellosis, campylobacteriosis, listeriosis, tuberculosis, staphylococcal infections, and other bacilli (Rajan et al., 2017). A relatively common cause of human poisoning is consuming foods containing microorganisms and toxic substances of synthetic origin (Fung et al., 2018). Such food poisoning usually occurs when eating plant products containing residues of pesticides, metals, nitrates, nitrites, and excess of individual chemical elements in various biogeochemical zones or provinces such as fluorine, zinc, copper, and sulfur (Fung et al., 2018). The causative agents of many foodborne infections are widespread, persisting for a long time in the environment, and remain fac
Outline The introduction describes the aspects of the course, organizational structure and design. I the next section, the goals, missions and values applicable at Target Inc. are discussed. The next section discusses the organizational chart which is indicated in appendix 1. The next section discusses the organizational structure of the company, including design, span of control and functionality. Finally, a conclusion of all sections is done. Introduction: About the Course According to Burton, Obel and DeSanctis ( 63), organizational structure and design is a course designed to provide guidelines in the intricate and intrinsic aspects of the organizations in the modern day setting. Organizations are dynamic in nature, necessitating identification of structures and forms that enhance performance. The course is comprised of the aspects of organizational structure such as the design and charts. Under this section, learners get an idea of the existing structures and their effect on performance. Organizational structure influences the aspects of labor, control, hierarchy and centralization of roles (Drucker 355). As a result, it is possible to understand the roles of all individuals, even in virtual organizations According to Drucker (320) and Hoffman (376), organizational structure and design provides learners with competencies in the management of the intricate organizations in the modern world. Through the use of a practical approach based on theories, this course prepares students for their careers in all fields and industries. The range of competencies in management of an entity makes it possible for learners to understand the interplay between strategy and objectives. Goals, Mission Statement and Values Missions Target Inc. mission statement is to make the company the favored shopping destination in all categories by offering exceptional value, ongoing ingenuity and outstanding customer care as indicated by Dowling (40). The brand promise is hinged on exceeding expectations in both quality and affordability, worded as ‘Expect More. Pay Less’. Values Target Inc. has a mission which is closely bound to its values (Brenner, Putt’ and Lefeld 14), which include corporate responsibility, targeting the community, commitment to diversity and protection of the environment. In achievement of these goals, the organization operates on an intricate philosophy which applies to all in the management. All managers are responsible for definition of goals, establishment of strategies, development of plans and organizational goals as well as control of outcomes. Organizational Design Jean and Stanley (452) concurred with Brenner, Putt, and Lefeld (12) that organizational design entails the process of selection and management of structures and cultures in order to ensure that organizations attain all goals and objectives. The design process is a multi-pronged approach to integration of all aspects of the company in order to ensure goals are achieved (Drucker 320). At Target Inc., the management has ensured a narrow span of control, structured in a functional design
Abstract Contemporary environmental challenges concerning current state of the environment lack clear solutions or elucidation. Arguably, majority of the collective proposals or resolutions have some link to economically associated struggles between companies or are from personal perspectives thus lack any scientifically related basis. There is an urgent need to find proper alternatives of managing waste. Waste disposal is the main pollutant that causes radical and alarming environmental changes. Introduction According to Jandt, (2009) UN research indicates that one person for every six in the world lacks access to clean water (6). The UN prediction is that by the year 2025, two thirds of the worlds’ populace will not have access to adequate clean drinking water. The effect is already underway in some areas where people search relentlessly for the commodity they now commonly refer to as the “blue gold”. The study indicates that only a ninth of the used plastic bottles are recycled. The rest face dumping into the woods, roadsides, seascapes, streams or rivers. These decay resistant materials clog the landfills thus causing intoxication through leaching. Poor dumping styles are therefore the biggest global environmental challenge. This paper will form an overview analysis of the factors that cause chaotic and un-harmonized inferences regarding environmental protection. This paper will examine the real consequences of waste to environmental degradation. The analysis also focuses on the intellectual b
Recitatif (1983) by African-American novelist Toni Morrison presents the story of friendship between two girls – black and white. The short story reveals the transformation of attitudes to each other since their meet at an orphanage at the age of eight up to their re-acquaintance being mothers. The action takes place in America during 1960s. There are five major scenes in which Twyla and Roberta’s relationship is disclosed: in a Howard Johnson’s, in the grocery store in Newburgh, at a picket line against a busing plan and in a Christmas Eve. The 1960s were the time when social and cultural segregation was the norm throughout the country. The decade is characterized by active struggle for racial equality that marks the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. In this context the racial difference is the leading factor that influences the relationships between the girls. Though the relationship between the two main characters is explored through the perspective of racial difference, the author does not disclose which character is white and which is black. A peculiar feature of the passage is that instead of revealing the distinctive features of African Americans, the author concentrates on the fact that the distinction between the races in the American society is dependent on the extreme opposition that blacks and whites feel towards one another. The tone of the story is enigmatic; it keeps the reader off-balance. To achieve this effect throughout the text the author uses a number of rhetoric questions (“How’s that for mean?”), exclamatory sentences (“Bow legs! Bow legs!”) and parenthetic constructions (“She wore this really stupid little hat – a kid’s hat with ear flaps – and she wasn’t much taller than we were”) (Morrison 2253, 2255). The author’s frequent use of repetitions and jargon vocabulary is important for it renders the ordinary events in the life of Americans: “That bitch!”, “Shit, shit, shit” (2256, 2266) The fact that the story is told in the first person contributes to its
Introduction Working in a group is quite an experience, and the experience I got from the group assignment given by the human resource lecturer reminded me of the four stages of group development model. The group developed through the four stages of the model, exhibiting characteristics similar to those described by the model at each stage. Forming At first, we formed the group, which is the first stage of the group development model; the group had a leader and other seven members. At the first meeting, we could not make any progress because some members thought t
Introduction Man tends to help others. But they tend to be selfish in certain aspects. Some help others to keep their religious values and morals. some do it out of fear of God. If you see from the positive side of it, there are a lot of good things about helping others. In a society where people are busy with their lifestyle, they tend to deviate a bit from the real intention of doing it. Man has become very self-centered and they don’t even know what‘s happening to his neighbor. They always think about their self-interest. Herman Melville’s narrator This topic can be discussed in the context of Herman Melville’s narrator in Bartleby. The narrator is a lawyer who is also a Christian and thinks that helping others is his duty. He brings in different characters to narrate his office story and creates a sense of sympathy for himself among the readers. Bartleby is a peculiar character with vague expressions and eccentricities. The narrator is going out of their way to help his staff. When Bartleby had his vision problem the lawyer understands him well and relieves him from doing copy work. Later when he was in trouble the employer-provided him with food and accommodation. Everything he did for the good of Bartleby but he rejected all help and landed in a prison called’ Tombs’ the narrator organized food for him there. Selfish motives But if you look at the other side of the story this kindness shown to Bartleby is only the social responsibility of one person to the rest of the world. The narrator lacks in understanding his staff, be it Bartleby, Nippers, Turkey, or Ginger Nut. The author Melville highlights the fact that people know little about anyone even close to them. They never bother to understand them well. Self–interest clouds the ability to know other people the narrator’s description about Bartleby itself shows how little he understands him. He comments ‘no material existence, for a full and satisfactory biography of this man’. The lawyer is giving reserved comments about his fellow staff and that itself shows his poor analysis of their characters. He uses these vague comments for other staff like Turkey, & Ginger Nut. The narrator views sympathy and compassion towards Bartleby as a method of serving his self-interest. Even though Bartleby has worked with the narrator for years, he fails to convey a human aspect in his behavior of throwing him out He should have taken more interest to rectify the problem. Instead, he thought about his work and money and decided to dismiss him from work. Here self-interest dictates the ultimate removal of Bartleby from the narrator’s law office. When the lawyer breaks the news to Bartleby, he is too shocked to hear it and he prefers not to go. The lawyer never bothers about Bartleby’s pathetic situation and never allows him to rectify his ways. Moreover, the narrator forced Bartleby to vacate the office premises which he had given as accommodation for him The narrator yells at him by asking “what earthly right have you to stay here? Do you pay any rent? Do you pay my taxes?
Introduction The world today is riddled with information of all sorts, and it is important for any person to learn to “filter out” the low-quality information, as well as to be able to process more valuable data and provide meaningful and adequate interpretations of it. In addition, it might be argued that critical thinking skills may even sometimes be more essential than concrete material knowledge due to the pace of changes in the humanity’s pool of knowledge (Zohar, 2013). This creates an urgent need to develop higher-order thinking skills in students, which requires the implementation of more complicated teaching strategies. In this paper, we will discuss the implementation of such strategies that took place in a hypothetical history classroom for high-school students. Developing Higher-order Thinking In a history classroom for high-school learners, it is possible to implement various strategies for developing higher-order thinking. The latter may be viewed according to the revised Bloom’s taxonomy (Krathwohl, 2002, p. 215); therefore, the students are taught not only to remember and understand the materials but also to analyze, evaluate (make judgments about the events), and create (provide their own interpretations). To do this, in our lessons the students were engaged in discussions where they were asked questions that brought them closer and closer to building their own interpretation of events. The implementation of the strategy can be assessed in the following way:   * The strategy was rather hard to implement at first, for the students who were not used to discussions in the classrooms were initially shy. However, with time, the learners became accustomed to discussing and ceased being afraid of giving their opinion.   * Asking concrete students direct and particular questions and providing them with tips on how to build an answer was especially useful at the beginning. Of course, some students were not able to answer the questions, and it was necessary to explain to them that it is quite normal, and that they will learn with time. After a while, the students learned to answer the questions, and there appeared more volunteers in the lessons.   * It was hard to make the students read all the necessary materials; however, they needed to be read in order for the learners to have at least minimal grounds to build interpretations on. Because not all students completely read the assignments, some of them benefited less from the lessons. However, they still appeared to have caught the gist of the discussion.   * The students were rather interested in the lessons, and grew more engaged with time. Even those who did not read all the materials appeared interested in listening to what their classmates had to say.   * It is possible to enhance this strategy by encouraging students
This was a medical scheme which included 100,000 individuals who were not insured to the Medicaid program. In an effort to manage costs, a list of priorities was established. The state legislature determined which health services were eligible for coverage. The list focused its attention on those items which were considered to provide the highest quality and quantity of health care to the recipients. The list was comprised of 745 pre-requisites for treatment. The state of Oregon financed treatment for the items which appeared after line 574. Any condition lower than 574 was not insured by the state (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2012). The Oregon health plan (OHS) is an equitably formulated program founded on the efficacy of health care provision. Therefore, it can be argued that it conforms to the ideology of ethical beneficence. It has been formulated to expand the coverage of health services to the vulnerable and poor populations. However, the program is not regarded as being equitable and fair due to its inapplicability in offering universal health care services to the entire population (Andersen, Rice & Kominski, 2011). The Oregon policy should not be adopted in other states because its main initiatives of containing costs failed. After the Oregon health plan crumbled in 2004, the state administration entered a face of budgetary complications. Higher premiums and co-payments were established. Most of the health care beneficiaries covered in the program left the coverage scheme. The number of the uninsured population consequently increased from 11% to a high of 17%. However, the bold evaluation in the rational containment of costs should continue (Oberlander, 2006). This medical program was discriminatory against the poor and should not be encouraged. The advantage of the Oregon health plan is that, it was not just a rationing program. Its prominent feature was to expand the coverage of medical care to more than 100,000 individuals in the state of Oregon. It also made an attempt to focus the attention of health care initiatives in terms of effectiveness. This assisted in the determination of an acceptable strategy of selecting the services to be eliminated (Mohindra, 2007). It will be difficult for the Oregon health plan to be accepted nationwide. It denies insured individuals access to the Medicaid health care services. This is an attempt to expand coverage to those who are not insured. Th