ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Donation of blood is an excellent way of providing help for those in need and the society in general. It occurs when a person willingly agrees to have blood drawn from them for purposes of transfusion or manufacturing biopharmaceutical medicine. The donation may be of particular components of blood only or of blood itself. Anyone older than 16 years of age and with good health condition may become a donor (Donating Blood par. 1). The benefits of blood donation do not only accrue to the receiver, but also to the donor. Thus, being ready and willing to donate blood forms an important part of our societal and humanitarian responsibilities. The prime reason behind voluntary blood donation programs is to build a reserve of usable blood, which can be accessed whenever the need arises. It is not prudent to donate blood only during emergencies. Donation of blood in advance ensures that a continuous supply of blood is readily available for emergencies and other demanding circumstances. Crisis-driven blood donation may lead to the transmission of diseases if the donated blood must to be used immediately. Additionally, during emergencies, donors may not reveal their true medical history and since there may be no time for the same. Similarly, there may be no time for screening the blood when the life of a patient is at stake. The donation of blood under non-emergency cases ensures that all types of blood are in the bank. This proactive approach is aimed at saving the lives of individuals with rare blood types. It is quite challenging to seek a donor of a rare blood type during an emergency and the patient may end up dying prematurely if the required type of blood is not in the blood bank. Furthermore, blood donation promotes cohesion. By donating one’s precious blood with full consciousness that it will run in another person’s veins, one expresses a deep level of love for humankind. It is a life-saving undertaking made by compassionate people and deserves to be emulated. One blood donation may be able to help up to three different patients in several ways (Why is it important for me to give blood? par. 3) Another benefit of blood donation is that during the process, donors undergo a variety of tests, which serve the purpose of ensuring that the donated blood is safe. These tests also aid donors to know their health status, the donor’s blood pressure, temperature, hemoglobin level will be checked before the donation (Why Donate Blood? par. 4). Further, when blood is in the bank, it is possible to wait long enough to determine if there were any pre-mature viruses in the blood at the time of donation. If it turns out that any of
Teratogens are any type of agents in the body that interrupt or halt the normal embryonic and fetus development. Generally, these are agents that cause mostly non- reversible malformations, which destroy children’s lives. Sensitive Period Sensitive periods are times of a child’s development that are of great significance. During these periods, children or fetuses are able to acquire certain abilities, which will determine how they will generally grow. In most cases, the sensitive time when a fetus can be attacked by teratogens is between ten days to two weeks after conception, but this may vary slightly. Effects of Teratogens Prescription and Non-prescription Drugs Some medicines such as tetracycline have harmful effects such as inhibiting the growth and development of bones, because it normally crosses the placental membrane, after which it dumped on bones. Other therapeutic products for instance anticonvulsants can result in fetal hydantoin disorder mental problems. Illegal drugs Harmful drugs such as cocaine can cause premature birth, miscarriage, delivering stillborn babies and excessive bleeding, more so when a pregnant mother consumes them at any stage of pregnancy. Alcohol Alcohol ingested during pregnancy can lead to growth anomalies, heart problems mental retardation, and other malformations. Generally, mothers who take alcohol during pregnancy are likely to give birth to young ones who are susceptible to heart ailments, as this is one clear indication of fetal alcohol syndrome. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a group of cerebral, growth and bodily anomalies that may occur in a child when a mother used to drink alcohol before birth. Radiation Exposure to ionizing radiation can gravely harm the growing embryo, because this may cause death of cells and mutation of others. In most cases, the severity of its effects will depend on the extent of exposure. Radiations can also cause brain damage. Tobacco Although there is no direct connection between congenital malformation and nicotine, accumulation of nicotine can greatly affect the flow of blood to the developing fetus, as such accumulation constricts or blocks the uterine blood flow. Environmental Pollution Although there is no direct connection between environmental pollution and child development, because most environmental polluters are chemical agents that are harmful to human beings, exposing a mother to dirty air and other polluters can lead to giving birth of underweight babies and babies with serious growth problems. Virus Viruses can greatly affect a fetus’s development. The rubella virus is known to cause congenital heart defects, blindness, glaucoma, growth retardation, blindness, microcephaly and cerebral calcification. The HIV virus, which is the cause of AIDS, can cause immune deficiency, which in turn can impair the normal development of a healthy fetus. When it is transmitted from mother to fetus during birth, it can greatly affect a child’s growth and wellbeing. T
Pay It Forwards is the film made in 2000 which can be regarded as a curious illustration of the Oedipus Conflict. Apparently, it is often difficult to define roles in real life settings. Likewise, the film reveals complex relationships between people. Trevor, a boy of eleven, is obviously a conventional child figure as he is a kid. He is brought up by his mother as she left Trevor’s father who had an alcohol abuse history. Trevor is attached to his mother a lot. Arlene, Trevor’s mother, is the main mother figure in the film. However, being a single parent she sometimes takes a role of a father figure. She tries to set some rules and keep her child away from danger. However, she is still a conventional mother figure as she tends to comfort Trevor and support him rather than punish him. Ricky, Trevor’s biological father, can hardly be called the father figure as he does not take part in Trevor’s upbringing. Trevor does not see him as an authority. Eugene, Trevor’s teacher, can be regarded as the main father figure in the film. He guides Trevor and sets some rules. He says what is right and wrong. As for the Oedipus Conflict, it is really specific. The child figure seeks for eros concepts. He desires to obtain independence. The project he starts is the way to show he is independent and he is grown up. He tries to help his mother develop proper relationships with her own mother and with the worthy man, Eugene. He makes decision for grown-ups and this makes him feel a grown-up, i.e. free and independent. The conflict ends up in a success and a failure, at the same time. On one hand, Trevor’s project has positive results as the chain does work and people help each other. On the other hand, Trevor is killed by a kid when he tries to help a smaller child in a fight. Trevor’s death proves he was not prepared to become independent. Thus, even though the child figure does make the world better, the Oedipus Conflict ends in an unhealthy manner as the kid is killed.
During the last several decades, Amazon has been defined as one of the most successful and popular companies that developed its services online on a global level. Amazon’s goals and values are interrelated with the needs and interests of modern people. Such an approach and the necessity to recognize the demands of customers make the company one of the best representatives in its field. Its international site development and numerous customer service centers attract the attention of analytics and researchers. The company’s main achievement lies in the possibility to gather several things and ideas and retail them in a short period. Nothing extraordinary is observed in the activities developed by the employees of Amazon. Still, many people believe that the core of Amazon’s success is its leader, Jeff Bezos. This person remains to be one of the brightest examples of a transformational leader in the sphere of e-commerce. He has already introduced numerous visions of the future and proved that his approach could help people in case it is planned and developed thoroughly. The peculiar feature of Bezos is the intention to cooperate with people of different ages in order not to find and buy goods and services but also to find out new ideas and elaborate them till they bring the required portion of success and benefits. Jeff Bezos is the leader who promoted Amazon Revolution several years ago and proved that some leadership attributes and traits influenced organizational performance and helped millions of people to meet their personal and professiona
The essence of a good law is that it enhances and serves their intended purposes. This means that it does not cost too much to comply with the laws and regulations such that it defeats the logic behind it all. A good law should also be simple and easy to understand so as to avoid complexities and lack of clarity. The current Australian laws and regulations on the independence of auditors and corporate governance need a review. And this is the reason why the government proposed some changes in 2006. the new proposed changes are expected to correct the mistakes contained in the Corporate Law Economics Reform Program (Audit Reform and Corporate Disclosure) Act 2004 famously called CLERP 9 (Pearce, C. 2006). These changes include the amendments effected in the Corporation Act 2001 touching on the auditor’s independence. Under these changes an audit firm owing more than $5000 to the audit chief is banned from auditing that client unless that Audit Company is day to day business is lending money. Cheques and saving accounts are not treated as part of the loans that are banned. Under the corporations Act 2001, ASIC had no authority to extend the duration beyond 21 days which the auditor and client could resolve a conflict. The new proposals will give ASIC powers to extend the period beyond 21 days (Sec 237 (2A) S 237 (2B) and S 237 (2C)) (Pearce, C. 2006). The ASIC also relaxed the rules on auditors independence declaration and exempt auditors from declaring independence if a breach of the provisions and the auditor can sufficiently rely on the defense of the quality of the control system. Apart from the already existing proposed changes I would also recommend the introduction of the banned Non Audit Services and the introduction of the prior approval policy by the client audit committee on the provision of some NAS. The provision of NAS and audit services by the same audit company to the same audit client is seen to be the major threat to the independence of the auditors. Under my proposed changes, I would recommend the prohibition of NAS like book keeping services on the client’s accounts and financial statements advice on the des
Introduction The Book Empire Rising’ by Thomas Kelly is an affectionate story that unveils dirty games and belief abstractions in which in-depth scrutiny of the book brings into focus a throbbing want for love. In this book, Thomas brings into focus an intriguing scenario of government involvement in corrupt affairs and explores at a glance how exhilarating love can turn into a dangerous mission leading to the breaking of hearts and plugging of evils done by people. As a matter of fact, Thomas creates his characters to portray reality; in which an in-depth of such characters makes the audience capture the underlying concepts in the book. Perhaps, Thomas succeeds in bringing the underworld activities into focus; in which he creates the novel to outline various social evils associated with power and money (Thomas 1-48). Synopsis of the book The setting of the book ‘Empire Building’ by Thomas Kelly is far much deep-rooted in the times when the building of the state empire was being constructed, back in the year 1930. It is during those times when men were being captured and be sold to captives in southern America as a result of the slave trade which was initiated in the European region. As the book depicts, Michael Briody, one of the men from Ire Land who had migrated to America in pursuit of gathering enough money to make him uplift his countrymen is brought out as one of the main characters. In fact, Michael’s migration to America turns out to be one of his brightest opportunities to meet new and very influential people who turn out to be one of his great friends. Among the main friends of Michael include Johnny Farrell, Tammary Hall, and remarkably Grace Masterson whom Michael falls in love with (Thomas 1-48). In fact, Kelly brings into focus the uniqueness of the State Empire Building which he describes as being unique, being naturally remarkable for its romantic practices. Perhaps, it turns out that, Grace Masterson is one of the enthralling artists in which her life had not been happy one before she met Michael. Certainly, the two lovers, Michael and Grace engage in dangerous missions, though quite promising in terms of income generating by engaging prominent powerful people like Johnny Farrell and Tamary Hall. Being a builder and a contractor, Michael is one of those men who never take chances in which he utilizes his opportunities well and perfectly gets what he wants and establishes what he desires. In this case, his engagement with Grace strikes a replenishing feeling in his life where they ruthlessly involve themselves in nightclubs of highly remarkable people (Thomas 1-48). As it turns out to be, Michael becomes so much engraved in this love affair, though his missions in his mind are very clear and well organized. According to
Introduction Call admission control refers to the process of checking and regulating the volume of traffic in voice communications especially the wireless mobile networks and internet telephony (VoIP), and maintaining audio quality on the communication networks. Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) refers to the process of transportation of voice communications over the internet using the internet protocol (IP). Generally, VoIP architecture consists of devices such as IP phones, which are devices that directly connect to the internet, and contain in-built software that has protocols necessary to transport voice packets and allow communication with other devices. The other components include a soft phone, which runs on a computer, the analog telephone that connects to the public switched telephone networks (PSTN), and the analog telephone adapter (ATA) that contains the logic to communicate with the service provider over the internet and translates communication to and from the telephone. The VOIP CAC (Call Admission Control) Methods VoIP codecs within each calling device encode digital voice samples and they allow their transmission as packets. The gateway is a device that connects two networks and consists of a controller (translates the format of information for the different networks), and a media gateway (performs media transcoding) (Ransome and Rittinghouse, 2005). The concept of call admission control is usually applied to voice communications and voice traffic only. It is a decision taken before a voice call is made, depending on the availability of the required network resources. When a VoIP call request reaches the controller, he routes the path to support the transmission of the call. The controller maintains a record of the available capacity for each voice call at any given time. When a new call is admitted, the available capacity is decreased by one, whereas when a voice call is terminated, then the available capacity is increased by one. Voice call rejection occurs when the available capacity is less than one. The “originating gateway must find another means of handling the call,” depending on the configuration of the gateway; indeed, “the outgoing gateway device will provide a reorder, or overflow tone to the calling party” (Ganguly and Bhatnagar, 2008). This tone announces the status as being busy and waiting for a later retrial, which results in the rerouting of the call to other existing alternate network paths that have the available required resource capacity to support the call (Ganguly and Bhatnagar, 2008). Call admission control is a fundamental mechanism used for quality of service provision in a given network, as it restricts access to the network based on resource availability to prevent and reduce network congestion and degradation of service for supported users. The mechanisms are critical to ensure the overall quality of all traffic types that traverse converged networks. CAC mechanisms usually operate under rules designed to avoid admitting additional calls to a network, which is congested. This is achieved by limiting the numbe
Managerial Finance  1.       1. The relationship between the shareholders and the managers is well represented by the principal-agent theory. Discuss the mechanisms available to restrain the managers from pursuing their aims. The agency theory deals with the contracts’ logistics between principals and agents. The aspect of principals delegating some tasks to hired agents underlines the existence of an agency relationship. Some of the most common “primary agency relationships include managers – stockholders and stockholders – debt holders’ relationships and the agency theory is mainly concerned with conflicts of interests between principals and agents” (Bamberg & Spremann, 1987, p. 73). The existence of agency relationships enhances business ethics and corporate governance. Agency costs are incurred in the process of sustaining a formidable agency relationship in the business world. Several issues influenced the formulation of the agency relationships in the past decades, which include “political philosophies, contract law, organizational economics, the works of Hobbes and Locke, and the property-right theories that existed in the past” (Bamberg & Spremann, 1987, p. 78). Self-interested behavior is the main problem that the agency theory has raised in most organizations. Most managers and shareholders conflict due to the self-interest behavior by either of the parties. The company owners’ interests and goals may differ from those of the managers, as the shareholders are interested in profitability (Edwards, 2008). A potential conflict exists between managers and shareholders because the latter holds the former accountable in the administration of the firm’s assets in the quest to maximize the profits. According to the agency theory, some managers seek ways of enriching themselves at the expense of the shareholders and this trend is rampant infallible capital markets. The managers can prioritize their interests because they are aware of the capabilities of the business in meeting the shareholders’ objectives as they have asymmetric information. Self-interested managers could be associated with the consumption of an organization’s resources as well as the avoidance of taking risky positions to save the business in cases where an investment requires such measures. If shareholders were managing an organization, the chances are that the business will prosper greatly because the shareholders are interested in maximizing their profit as they grow the business empire. In a bid to ensure that the organizations’ managers are positively involved in the profit maximization in a company, their shares should no
In every organization, profit maximization and cost minimization is the contribution of all the organization’s departments/divisions. This is only achieved if there is maximum cooperation of all the divisional heads involved. The business process department and the reengineering department need to cooperate and work out various projects of an organization effectively. The two departments depend on each other for the success of the firm in the business environment. While the business process department is responsible for development of a given product, the reengineering department is responsible for providing the best technology that can develop the required product. As noted by McKeen and Smith (2009), designing of a new product that fits into the needs of customers is not enough as there is need for the redesigning and development of the product using the best techniques. The reengineering department is responsible for innovation and establishment of a competitive advantage in technology. The technology should be the best in the market for attainment of a completive advantage. The establishment of the business processes requires focus on a given market by the firm using the generic strategy as put forward by Porter. In an organization, one can design a good chocolate product for young children under the age of ten years. The chocolate is comprised of various components that meet the things that children seek in chocolate such as enough sugar, flavor, color and taste among others (Gunasekaran & Kobu, 2002). These are the ingredients that the business process can come up with and deliver them to the reengineering department. The reengineering department is responsible for establishing the best technology that can combine the ingredients in the best manner possible to produce the highest quality chocolate for children aged below ten years (McKeen & Smith, 2009). The decision on the best technology would be done by the reengineering department. In addition, the two departments must work together with the other departments such as the marketing department to come up with the best marketing strategy for the firm. This involves establishment of the best adverts that can increase awareness of the product to the targeted group. For instance, the broadcast media is the best type of media to advertise the new product since it has the visual that is significant for the children. The ability of the marketing department to come up with the right feedback concerning the chocolate is significant in the reengineering process since an organization can only reengineer what is good for the customer (Pearl