ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction An examination of the current literature surrounding CEMAC (the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa) reveals that few studies have attempted to examine the impact of regional integration on trade and human migration on a local level among the Central African states. The importance of accomplishing such a study lies in determining whether people on a local level within the region have greater access to sources of income as a result of such changes, whether in the form of better travel, trade, business or job opportunities, as a direct result of regional integration. Even if the governments of such countries say, a definite impact exists if the citizens of these countries who are supposed to be affected by such changes say otherwise, this means that the methods of regional integration that have been implemented so far are either insufficient or ineffective. This study theorizes that the fear of possible negative ramifications as a result of regional integration in the form of unequal trade relations and local industries being overwhelmed by cheaper imports has resulted in the development of barriers towards proper integration policies and practices. As such, the research question is to know whether regional integration through CEMAC has created a better business environment for entrepreneurs and job seekers or has the degree of “hesitance to integrate” seen among the Central African states resulted in ineffective policies that do little to advance the cause of regional integration? To answer such a question, it would be necessary to examine the positive or negative effects of regional integration thus far within CEMAC. This relates to greater/lesser amounts of trade as a result of CEMAC’s inception, the ease of migration of people within the region, influx of foreign capital from one member of CEMAC to the other, the development of job opportunities as well as the exchange of resources in between CEMAC members. Background of the Study With the emergence of regional blocs such as the European Union (EU), the Arab League and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), whose express purpose is to promote trade, peaceful relations, and economic cooperation, comes the question of whether or not the current international climate is predisposed toward a trend in regional integration due to the apparent benefits this entails for member states. Oh and Rugman (2012) explained that the concept of regional integration is nothing new with history, showing numerous instances where countries within the same region tended to promote trade and peaceful relations
Background Evidence-based research is a sure way for clinical officers to improve medical practice. Evidence-based research allows patients and clinicians to make informed decisions about treatment options while using Whole Health and integrative health approaches. Evidence-based clinical practice refers to an extraordinary decision-making approach where the practitioner uses evidence available jointly with the patient to make informed decisions on the best treatment option. The best available evidence of medical research, physical exams, diagnostic review, and known treatment risks and benefits allow medical practitioners to make favorable medical decisions. This evidence allows the practitioners to inform the patients about the benefits and risks of specific interventions and make the patient part of the treatment process. Hence, a high level of evidence promotes evidence-based practice, whereby the medical practitioners make decisions derived from scientific research. Nature of an Article Supporting Teach-Back Method “Use and effectiveness of the teach-back method in patient education and health outcomes” by Yen and Leasure (2019) is a peer-reviewed article that analyses the usefulness of the teach-back method in reinforcing patient training. According to Bowen and Forrest (2017), peer-reviewed articles derive from quality research studies like randomized control trials, clinical practice guidelines, and systematic reviews. The current article references data from
Introduction Jacobs (2004, p. 17) defines corporate governance as an arrangement where organizations are guided and managed, and the emphasis of this description is generally accountability. During the last five years, corporate governance has attracted more concentration from public interest due to its evident significance for the economic stability of corporations and communities in general. Likewise, corporate governance is the process in which corporate boards administer the operation of an organization by its managers, and the way the board members are held answerable to the organization and shareholders. This contains some inferences for organization or company behaviour not just to shareholders, but also to workers, clients, company’s sponsors, and the stakeholders, as well as the society where the company operates. The corporate governance system states the sharing of roles and rights among various members in the corporation, for example managers, shareholders, corporate panel, and other groups. It also identifies the processes and guidelines for decision making in corporate issues. Through this process, it also gives the arrangement where the organization goals are set and the way of achieving those goals and assessing performance (Solomon, 2011, p. 219). This paper discuses a corporate governance and its situation in an organization with studies of leadership behaviours that maintain and overcome the principles of corporate governance in particular company and society in general. Situation Corporate governance is mostly experienced in companies or organizations. Workplace behaviour is possibly among the most complex elements of the entire corporate governance interest to manage and monitor. However, leaders should have certain values, such as transparency, truth and integrity as a normal element of daily functions so that corporate governance will be achieved. Company’s managers must start to focus critically on roles to manage efficiently with definite and perceived unsuitable and corrupt conducts if they want to prevent the possible effects and consequences of legal, society, company, and judicial impact. The possible attack on corporate governance occurs in companies that employ particular number of workers that come from wide cross section of environment and cultures. A company may have a good status among its associates since it addresses the issues that govern the employees and truly kind with wage packages. A good example occurs when particular employee is called to handle issues like sexual harassment plan since there have been incidences with certain employee or manager. A company may want to zip this issue and can expect that through training they could transform employee or manager’s behaviour and keep the person often considered helpful employee. Actually, the employee may have been set aside for the company’s leadership plan and may be in risk since the victim may affirm that he will resign if the incident is
Introduction The climatic conditions of the earth have changed significantly over the centuries. This can be noticed from the geological evidence of changes in sea levels and ice ages. The patterns of human activity over the centuries also give good evidence of climate change. It is unclear what caused the climate changes in the past, but scientists have listed possible causes like volcanic eruptions, the sun’s effects, and changes in ocean currents (Pelling 2011 p. 17). The evidence of climate change at present is mainly seen in the sharp increase in global temperatures over the past few decades. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report arrived at the conclusion that climate change was happening at present. Atmospheric and oceanic temperatures have reached record high levels that have never been witnessed in the last 500 years and most likely for over 1000 years (IPPC 2008 p. 34). The effects of climate change can be seen in many areas, with one of the most common pointers being the increased frequency of natural disasters. Industrialization and deforestation increase the levels greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere, and this has consequently led to an increase in droughts, floods, hurricanes and other natural disasters. Current Approach to Climate Change A look at the statistics indicates that climate change is a major issue that requires a serious approach in order to mitigate its effects. For the period from 1995 to 2004, disasters caused 890,000 deaths and affected a total of 2.5 billion people, with losses estimated at US$ 570 billion (IPCC 2008 p. 46). The number of disasters recorded almost doubled for the period running from 1995 to 2005, and this is cause for major concern. Other plausible explanations for this increase include population growth and the increase in the number of climatic disasters of a lower magnitude. However, the increased cases of droughts, storms, and very high rainfalls in different places are indicative of the culmination of the effects of climate change, and major disasters are yet to follow in the future (Schipper & Pelling 2006, p. 117). Some positive statistics show that there are now fewer people dying as a result of disasters as compared to previous centuries. This is particularly so for widespread flooding and drought, which have in the past claimed hundreds of thousands of human lives. This reduction can be attributed to improved systems for monitoring climatic patterns, providing early warning of impending disaster and general preparedness (Sietz & Boschutz 2011 p. 82). The responses of governments and international organizations through measures like evacuations and food aid have also helped save a lot of lives. However, this trend could be on the reverse since the past few decades have seen a rise in the baseline level of
Introduction On December 9, 1987, the Palestinian uprising or intifada broke out in the refugee camps at the territories of Gaza Strip and the West Bank where Palestinians lived, and which were occupied by Jewish settlers since 1967. The uprising can be discussed as the non-violent opposition of the Palestinian population to the repressive policies provided by the Israeli government in relation to the economic and social development of Gaza and the West Bank territories. The resistance of the Palestinians in the form of demonstrations, strikes, and boycotts was the reaction to the twenty years of the economic and social decline at the territories influenced by following the Israeli policies which were developed to support the Israel’s growth, but these policies were not oriented to the local needs of population at the occupied regions. As a result, the Palestinians’ riots symbolized the rejection of the years of the Israeli occupation and the unity of the Palestinians’ people. The uprising started in 1987, and it can be discussed as ceased after 1993 when the first Oslo Accord was signed. Thus, the main causes of the Palestinian uprising developed during 1987-1993 are the Israeli policy of ‘Iron fist’ in relation to the economy at the occupied territories and the agricultural and settlement policies according to which the Palestinians living in Gaza Strip and the West Bank were repressed. The Background and Main Aspects of the 1987 Palestinian Intifada The Palestinian intifada was developed as one of the main sides of the Arab-Israeli conflict. The territories of Gaza and the West Bank were occupied as a result of the Six Day War of 1967. The Palestinians living at these territories were involved in the economic relations with Israel, and the Israeli government supported the policy of settling these territories with the Jewish population actively (Nassar and Heacock 71-72). The Palestinians’ opposition to the processes grew and some triggers in 1987 made people develop a kind of riot against the Israelis and the possible annexation of the Occupied Territories. The first demonstrations and strikes of the Palestinians against the Israelis and their occupation were triggered by the traffic accident with the Israeli tank in which four Palestinians were killed and seven people were injured. However, this accident could not be considered as the real trigger for developing the uprising, but the rumor about the causes of the accident impressed the Palestinian population much. People said the accident was the reaction to the fact of killing the Israeli salesman (Nassar and Heacock 56; Peretz 965). That is why, the Palestinians started thei
Introduction Intelligence refers to psychological skills that make it possible for individuals to attain their goals and utilize their abilities and acquaintance in an array of cultural settings. Scientists assert that intelligence is an indispensable skill that enables living things to adapt to their natural environment (Deary, 2006). In psychology, the psychometric concept assumes that intelligence can be evaluated and assigned an arithmetic value. With respect to the concept, cognitive characters are built-in and achieve expression based on genetic programming and ecological manipulations. In this article, three articles related to intelligence testing are analyzed. Through this, two theories of intelligence and the effectiveness of intelligence testing are highlighted. Articles used In the analysis, three articles were utilized. The first article was The PASS Theory of Intelligence and the Acquisition of a Complex Skill (Fein & Day, 2004). The article stated that intelligence is the addition of cognitive procedures that comprise of programming information, scheduling, awareness, and stimulation. As such, the article is related to the topic of intelligence testing because the author centered on redefining a person’s intelligence using an experientially supported and medically valuable option to the g-based concepts of cognitive skills (Fein & Day, 2004). The second article was Intelligence, Destiny, And Education (Deary, 2006). The article asserted that scientists and psychologists had undertaken numerous studies to evaluate how intelligence can be evaluated. As such, the article’s focus was to identify how humans have perceived and evaluated intelligence from the early civilizations to the present civilizations (Deary, 2006). The article is related to the subject topic because it highlights the means through which intelligence has been gauged by past generations. The third article was Issues Raised in Developing and Using a Test of Intelligence (Hunt, 2009). The article focused on a number of problems that have been identified with respect to intelligence testing. As such, the article pointed out some recommendations that can be adopted to solve the issues. The article was related to the subject topic because it sought to improve the effectiveness of intelligence testing. Theories of intelligence The two theories of intelligence identified in the above sources are Gardener’s intelligence theory and Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence (Hunt, 2009). Howard Gardner suggested the first theory. In theory, Gardner postulated an unconventional view of intelligence. His suggestion expanded the customary meaning to include associations, songs, a
The emotional regulation is an extremely meaningful topic that requires a lot of attention. They way how we regulate our emotions affects our relationship with the world. It was well stated that “when our emotions seem to be ill-matched to a given situation, we frequently try to regulate our emotional responses so that they better serve our goals” (Gross, 2002, p. 282). That statement allows us to realize that despite the overwhelming nature of emotions, an individual still tries to control it. It is interesting to mention that there are essential instruments of emotional control and regulation, which were given to all of us by Mother Nature. In particular, the emotional life of a child is very colorful and intensive. It plays a key role in the formation of the child’s individuality and character. It appears to be the basis of the behavioral patterns and templates, which define the children’s actions and how they treat life circumstances. Every day the children deal with various kinds of complicated emotional patterns, which emerge as positive, as well as negative. Considering that such emotional imprints directly affect and form the children’s conglomerate of psychical reactions, it is extremely important for the adults to provide the required help and assistance. Therefore, it would help the children to handle the emotional ups and downs in a less harmful manner, what, in its turn, would minimize the undesirable risk of psychical dysfunctions A question of the emotional regulation among children was always important, but in the modern world environment it has even bigger significance. It is well known that the core of the character of any individuality is mostly based on his psychical reactions, which, in its turn, are being directly formed by the thoughts, emotions, and feelings that the human experiences. In this respect, it is clear that those patterns that an individual expresses the most, are the bricks in the wall, called character. However, if it comes to the babies, many negative aspects of harmful emotional patterns could be prevented. Many psychiatrists assume that that the cry at the early age is the form of the protest and stress release. It is normal that a baby struggles to adapt to the new world, which appears to be cold and unusual at the beginning. On the other hand, there are those who claim that the babies cry because of their increased sensitivity towards their parents. It means that the children literally can sense thoughts, emotions, and feelings of the adults. Strangely enough, but it fully explains the fact that often the children are able to sense the existing danger or the presence of extraneous visitors. It is well known that the children’s reaction quickly changes, if someone is present nearby, even if there is no visual contact between the child and the guest. The child’s intuition can
Puberty is a rather significant topic for the contemporary psychologists. Many researchers are studying its various aspects such as physical, social, and emotional sides of this age. Puberty and adolescence are often considered to be the same process and the two terms are even sometimes used interchangeably as synonyms. Yet, this is incorrect. In reality, puberty is the process that reflects the anatomical changes of young people’s bodies that happen due to the release of growth hormones produced by pituitary gland. This way, puberty is a more physiological process. Puberty and adolescence are intertwined. They include a variety of metamorphoses that keep occurring in the bodies and minds of adolescents and teenagers. Such processes happen rapidly and develop quickly, as a result, the children transforming into adults tend to experience shock. This stage of development is always connected with mood shifts, psychological disorders, states of depression, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and the change of body image and self-perception for the young people. This way, it is no wonder that puberty is a period of time filled with conflicts between teenagers and their
John Pilger is an Australian journalist and documentary filmmaker who, over the past forty years, has won an international reputation and many awards. His distinguished career has taken him from war zones to crisis situations all over the world. In The War On Democracy , Pilger examines the relationship between the United States and South America, specifically countries such as Venezuela, Bolivia and Chile which have had to struggle for their independence against the US’s imperial agenda and CIA aggression. The film’s main purpose is to show that “people power,” “the seed beneath the snow” in Pilger’s words, is the most effective antidote to Washington’s imperialist agenda. Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez is the dominant figure in the film, a modern-day Simon Bolivar who inspires South Americans everywhere to throw off the despotic rule of the American empire. According to Pilger, the US has systematically coerced small countries to fall in line with Washington’s policies, beginning with the coup in Guatemala in 1950. Pilger believes that the US created an atmosphere of anti-Communist hysteria and fear of nuclear war in order to justify its imperialist foreign policy. By the 1970s Washington controlled much of Latin America through various dictators. Democratically elected leaders such as Salvador Allende, former president of Chile, were brutally ousted and internal affairs were routinely interfered with in order to align those nations with, as former CIA agent Duane Claridge says, US national security interests. Those countries were turned into “laboratory experiments” for right-wing economists such as Milton Friedman and the Chicago Boys who assisted the white, governing elites in getting richer at the expense of the masses of poor people. All that is changing now, says Pilger, as People Power transforms politics through grassroots movements created by people who come down from the barrios to take back the power taken from them by Washington-supported dictators. Chavez unleashed this revolt, says Pilger, and as a consequence the Empire’s power is fading. Pilger’s agenda has remained the same ever since he covered the war in Vietnam: he is anti-American, anti-capitalist and anti-globalization, and anyone who has a similar agenda is his friend, ally or even hero. Hugo Chavez is a case in point. Pilger idolizes this strongman ruler and gives him every benefit of the doubt. However, Pilger must ask one question that might offend Chavez: the barrios he saw on his way from the airport showed that poverty had not yet been eliminated in Venezuela, in spite of the billions it had earned from oil. Chavez’s reply is masterful. “We don’t want to be rich,” he says, “but we want to live with dignity.” He goes on to explain that Venezuelans don’t want to be millionaires because that is how Americans define being rich, not Venezuelans. Pilger seems satisfied hi