ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Global warming is believed to be as a result of excess carbon in the atmosphere. Scientists have predicted climate change. This essay analyzes and evaluates an article “The Global Warming Myth” by David Bellamy. Bellamy, who is a professor, is a founder of Tree Appeal and a well known botanist and environmental campaigner, as Salter (2009, p. 1) reveals. The British environmentalist claims that the global warming allegations by scientist are manmade and that there is no imminent danger that carbon will cause an end to the present world. He maintains that predictions based on generated computer models cannot be relied on since the presence of carbon in the atmosphere cannot cause a catastrophe. This essay analyzes and evaluates these claims by showing assertions that carbon may not be responsible for global warming as claimed by many scientists. Analysis Bellamy (2007, p. 1) argues that global warming is as a result of carbon and is not a threat. The changes in climate that have occurred are not sufficient to make the assertions that the world is in danger. The climatic change that has occurred does not give transformed details of whether that could indicate an approaching catastrophe. The challenge is that the climate change supporters have gone to extents of politicizing the issue and causing panic in the society. Their predictions are generated in a computer model which has been designed by man. He appreciates the scientists for conducting research in the disputed area and notes that their research has contributed to science. The prediction dwell on the model yet accurate results of weather forecast can predict two weeks. To support his argument, Bellamy (2007, p. 1) notes that global temperatures have displayed climatic trends in the past century that pronounce catastrophe. The highest temperatures were recorded in 1940 and 1980 whereas the lowest temperatures were recorded in 1910 and 1970. Following changes in 1980, scientists announced that global warming was approaching. The computer models they used are seen as unreliable by the professor. The recorded changes in temperature are not sufficient to declare danger in the changes in weather. The ice age began to fade away 20,000 years ago when the sea level was increased and has since stopped. For global warming to be considered a threat, the cycle of change takes many years. It is thereof inaccurate to use data collected within 60 years and claim that climate change will cause a catastrophe. Airhart (2010, p. 1) states that, vast amount of data that cover tens of thousands of years is required to make a judgment. The content of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is constantly increasing. The climate changes have varied in a cyclic manner from time to time. Many scholars have ignored that carbon d
The prevalence of psychopathy is at 1% in society today while in other populations such as prisoners and those in mental institutions the prevalence is higher. Psychopathy is a mental condition characterized by an inability to be emotional or to develop emotional relationships. It is usually characterized by acting on impulse, not feeling guilty, tendency to manipulate others, lack of emotions and frequent disregard of social norms. Knowledge on the prevalence and the characteristics of psychopathy is important in identifying cases of psychopathy and explaining relationships between psychopathy and social disorders such as crime. The amygdala part of the brain is responsible for various functions such as recognition of fear and other facial expressions that portray sadness. It is also associated with some types of learning and conditioning that relate to punishment. Studies have shown that individuals with reduced volumes of the amygdala also have higher levels of the disorder (Blair, 2003). One of the deficits associated with this condition is recognition of fear and other emotions. People who have been diagnosed with psychopathy do not easily recognize fear on other people’s faces. This has been attributed to lack of attention, especially since they do not pay attention to the eyes (Dadds, 2006). Another deficit associated with this condition is a learning deficit, especially learning through punishment. Thus, when one does something that is against social norms and they are punished for the mistake, it is expected that they avoid the behavior. People with psychopathy have a deficit with instrumental learning and often commit the same mistake (Borries, 2010). The third deficit associated with psychopathy is cognitive control. The patients are not able to vary their behavior depending on the situation as most of the time, their behaviors and their choices are rigid. Other studies also relate the biology of psychopathy to the frontal cortex impairment, but the target population for the study is thought to have influenced the study as those involved were people with violent behaviors and not just psychopathy. Studying of the deficits and the biology of the condition is important in coming up with more distinctive features of diagnosing the condition and being able to differentiate this disorder from other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The condition is associated with externalizing behaviors which result from mental conditions and are portrayed on the outside. Some of the externalizing problems that have been associated with the disorder are recidivism of crime, difficulty establishing emotional relationships, impulsive and antisocial behavior while children may be temperamental. Psychopathic individuals display this on the outside and they may be constantly involved in crimes and also lead a lonely lifestyle as they cannot be involved in emotional relationships. The study of externalizing behavior is important in explaining factors that occur in society. It is also necessary as it will aid in coming
The nineteenth-century gave rise to realistic and symbolic movements that were still closely intertwined with visions creating more ambiguity and ambivalence. Based primarily on the true story, Flaubert’s Madame Bovary was often considered as an example of a romantic novel because of the protagonist’s delusion outlooks on life, relations, and attitudes to people. However, the story is also seen as a realistic representation because the author resorts to representing romantic delusions that prevent the main heroine from living in a grim reality. Thus, this essay shall analyze realism in Madame Bovary and the symbols used by the author. In this regard, romanticism is heavily attacked by verisimilitude and disappointment that were experienced by Emma Bovary in her attempts to build an imaginary world full of passion, emotion, and beauty (Flaubert 1033). The author focuses on character development to disclose the ambivalence of the plot and provides realistic details becoming symbolic in light of the romantic recession. The character development in the story is presented through Emma’s realization of the imperfection of the world. She lives in a false reality that prevails in her imagination, disclosed through cultural modes of visions. The heroine is incapable of distinguishing between the fantasy and reality, past and present; she also has a false imagination about the man. Therefore, the author makes use of realism to make Emma realize that the world is not a romantic fable; it is overwhelmed with problems and routines (Thornton 982). Viewing the tragedy novel as a confrontation between romanticism and realism, the story, on the other hand, provides a romantic and illusionary world created by Emma Bovary to detach herself from reality. On the other hand, psychological realism still dominates in the novel because all dreams and utmost expectations are shattered in the end. The world surrounding the heroine is realistic because reason takes control of emotion. In this respect, Emma’s particular visions dictated by her cultural background prevents her from accepting real life. Although Madame Bovary as a realistic novel is widely recognized, Flaubert’s quest of distortions and illusions lead to the idea that the work itself is a protest against the dullness of the existence. Such an apposition generates more deliberations on the nature of the novel’s ideas and insights (Doering 80). Flaubert’s deep contempt for reality does not allow him to be detached and indifferent enough for expressing aesthetic distance. The writer’s vacillation between pretentious objectivity and passionate subjectivity prevents him from disclosing his full affiliation to the realistic tendencies of the nineteenth century (Doering 80). Hence, the heroine is more obsessed with her romantic adventures. As is clear from the summary, her aspiration to go beyond the established reality is impossible because the frames within she lives do not allow her to turn her imaginary world into the
Introduction The Santa Monica College is a community college found in Santa Monica in the state of California. The college offers two year programs and some newly introduced degree programs. In this essay I briefly give the reasons why I chose the Santa Monica College. The paper will look into factors that make Santa Monica College the best community college in the locality of Santa Monica. Santa Monica: The Best College The community college was established in the year 1926. It is a well established college that is recognized by the Western Association of schools and colleges. With its inertial capacity of one hundred and fifty three students, the college has evolved and expanded in terms of its population, structure and variety of courses that it offers. The college is currently an academic home for about thirty thousand students with a range of courses in about eighty fields of study (Bates 1). Its vast fields of studies include “nursing, solar technology, new media, computer technology, early childhood education, business” among others (Santa Monica 1). The college, with reference to its main campus, is also strategically located. It is only two miles from a beach and is surrounded by a large numb
Introduction Macro environment analysis remains to be one of the basic initial steps in any strategic analysis (Williams& Adrian, 1997). Therefore, this paper provides a PEST Analysis of a movie industry while using ‘ A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex ’ as a case study in its analysis. PEST approach is an analysis of the macro environment that involves scanning the external environment of a business entity. It helps to understand the political, socio-cultural, economic and technological environments. It is a useful tool that is used to evaluate the market by determining whether there is decline or growth in business activities. Therefore, it provides the organization with various options that the organization can implement to direct its business activities. Macro-environment analysis Political/Legal factor Order of Importance          Issue                                                                                                                                                                          +/- Effect on Growth                                             1                            Change of policy:                                                                                                                                                              + (for expansion of movie theater industry)                                                   The policy that was adopted by FCC which required all broadcasters to change to digital technology by mid of 2009 is ascribed to have had a high impact on the film industry.                                                                   2                            Price Changes:                                                                                                                                                                 -(Enabled potential customers to acquire their own home theater)                              Price wars at retail level that occurred during the Christmas period of 2008 resulted to a drop of HD players below 200 dollars.                                                                                                                3                            Home theater competition:                                                                                                                                                      -(theater industry)                                                                           Rivalry of the home theaters systems with movie theater industry                                                                                                               +(potential customers)                                           4                            Programming Issues/ Policy Issues:
Introduction Cimon states that “diabetes is a disease where one has high concentration of blood sugar either because the cells are not responding to the insulin produced or because the pancreas is not producing enough insulin (p, 12). It is a metabolism disorder because from metabolism, digested food is broken down to glucose which is a form of sugar in the blood and is considered as the principal source of fuel. If the metabolism process fails to take place, it is considered a disorder. There are three types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from the failure of the body to produce any insulin. The person is injected with insulin or advised to wear an insulin pump. Type two diabetes which occurs due to failure of the cells to use the insulin produced properly and contributed to by inefficiency of the insulin. And finally, type three diabetes also known as gestational diabetes which occurs in pregnant women who had not been previously diagnosed with the disease. Diabetic Education Program Diabetes education programs and awareness have been fully developed in all the areas of patient program evaluation practice and one of the oldest. Awareness programs are usually conducted to educate the public on ways of preventing and eliminating diabetic infections. The purpose of the program is to reduce the burden associated with diabetic and pre-diabetic diseases by ensuring that prevention approaches have been adopted to prevent the complications related to the disease. Roles and Objectives in the Diabetic Evaluation Process First, the program emphasizes on awareness and knowledge of the risk factors associated with diabetes. Focus is mainly put on measures to prevent type two diabetes. Second objective is increasing awareness among people who are infected with diabetes and providing management programs to monitor the disease to improve their quality of life. As a result, it has increased hope of surviving in individuals who are infected. This is mainly caused by lack of efficiency of insulin in the blood. Third objective has been to decrease the number of Americans who are undiagnosed diabetes. To achieve this objective, monthly awareness campaigns have been publicized to reach people at all levels. Another objective, from people who are at risk for type 2 diabetes, ensure that people adopt healthy lifestyles from dieting to developing health fitness lifestyles. Other objectives are geared towards reducing health problems in populations burdened by diabetes and to implement proved strategies into health care Goals Achieved Through the diabetic education programs several goals have been achieved. Most evidently, has been the healthy lifestyles which have been achieved from the awareness programs. People who are infected with the disease have developed fitness programs ,eat healthy and nutritious meals and mostly are being tested frequently for the
Jim Collins is one of the most powerful business writers of modern times who started out as a teacher in Stanford’s Graduate School of Business. He is the author or co-author of four books, including the modern-day management classic “Built to last.” He is a true seeker in a scientific sense. Powered by questions as to what makes some companies in the USA thrive so much better than most others, his quest led him to one of the greatest researches of recent times, research that included thousands of American companies and spanned half a decade (Ashby and Miles, 2002). His research was propelled with the desire to unearth the factors behind their consistent success. The resultant fruit of his research is the book “Good to great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap.” From his management research laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, Collins teaches and consults for both corporate and nonprofit organizations. Formerly a faculty member of the Stanford Graduate School of Business, Collins is a recipient of its Distinguished Teaching Award (Ashby and Miles, 2002). Good to Great, which was published in 2001, is based on a comparative study of 11 transformational companies to other firms in the same industries, in similar situations but unable to excel in performance. It outlines a series of principles that begin to explain why some organizations become great, and others do not. “It was a book writt
Introduction Soccer is a game that is played by two teams that are comprised of eleven players each. The sport has a large following in the whole world compared to the other sporting activities. The soccer world cup is held after every four consecutive years since 1930. The event takes one month to be completed because there are normally 32 teams competing for the same trophy. The most recent world cup was played in South Africa in 2010, and it involved several theoretical terms in marketing, including repackage, re-imagine, and restructure. Repackaging is the process of changing a product into a more attractive form. Re-imagine involves re-thinking on the marketing strategies previously followed and coming up with new strategies for product improvement, which can be achieved through restructuring. Therefore, this paper discusses how South Africa was marketed for soccer world cup. Soccer World Cup in South Africa According to Deutsche Welle (2006), soccer world cup was an important occasion because for the first time in history the event was held in an African state. The government of South Africa took advantage of this occasion to market itself as a tourist destination. The host had to create an African impression in every aspect from architectural designs of the stadiums to the opening ceremony because the event was to be held in Africa. From the day South Africa was assigned the role of hosting the world cup, the government had to adequately prepare for the event. The preparations entailed conducting a research on the environment to identify its weaknesses and strengths. This meant that South Africa had to evaluate their facilities and identify whether their current facilities would satisfy the needs of the visitors so that they would want to come back after the event was over. Ignoring the issue of facilities would work against the objectives of marketing South Africa as the preferred tourist destination. For instance, the country’s infrastructure had to be restructured to meet international standards because by then the transport system could not have accommodated the visitors without creating a traffic crisis. New stadiums had to be constructed before the commencement of the event, but then in as much as South Africa was more concerned about the event, it was also concerned about how it would benefit from the event. This is because for a period of one month their currency would be very active and stable due to its high demand. In addition, the country would earn a lot of revenue and the common people will benefit from employment opportunities that will arise during the construction of roads and stadiums. The security of the state had to be enhanced so that the visitors do not go through bad experiences while in the streets because if they are mugged or something like that they would certainly not come back. All these and many more upgrading had to be done
Gambling is an activity that can both provide entertainment and lead to one’s bankruptcy. It is possible to note that it is in the Americans’ blood from the sides of Native Americans and the Pilgrims to bet. Many institutions and the Revolution were funded using lotteries, which is a form of gambling. It also accompanied some of the country’s crucial historical events. This essay will examine the history of gambling in the US and how it connects with the current times. From the arrival of the first European settlers to the Revolutionary War, gambling played a significant role in the US’s early history. It was popular among all classes, which eventually led to the establishment of gambling cities. However, an incident involving hanged gamblers pushed betting to riverboats, where it flourished with cheating elements until the Civil War put a temporary stop to riverboat gambling. Meanwhile, the Gold Rush introduced a modern form of casino in the West, where female bookers were in demand. Although gambling had its opponents, it persisted in the barely legal form. At the turn of the 19 th century, horse racing became a prominent sport. It was also a breeding ground for betting, which was initially successful but became outlawed along with prostitution. The underworld era of gambling lasted until the establishment of Las Vegas, which attracted people first from Los Angeles, then from the entire country, with World War II only strengthening the city’s position. Meanwhile, horse racing was revived and started using pari-mutuel betting to circumvent the laws. Simultaneously, there was a rise in sports-related gambling, such as point-shaving. However, even publicized court hearings could not halt betting, and the wave that started with the Great Depression continues nowadays, although with noticeable addiction issues.
Abstract The experiment seeks to measure the ability to distinguish and memorise the items one saw. There were sixty-seven participants all of them third year students who take the course Advance Topics in Cognition laboratory. Age and sex were not considered as variables and as such were ignored in the analysis of the results. The experiment was to use simple objects that might confuse the participants and be tricky to remember (high in conceptual distinctiveness) and some that would be easier to remember (or low in conceptual distinctiveness). Participants would be presented with items and then they would be asked if they have seen the item before in the experiment (old item) or haven’t (new item). Introduction Human memory accesses or scans items in memory in a short-term old-new recognition memory task as proposed by Sternberg in the Sternberg paradigm. Different people scan their memory in different ways with different results with others being better than others in the scanning process (Sternberg, 1966). The participants were presented with list of items and they were to identify if the item presented was from a previously presented list or if it was a new item. This was to give a result and enable a probe on the habits of the human brain in analysis and scanning of items and memory of the same. The standard result having been declared by Stenberg, suggested that the mind scans all items in the mind to figure out whether the new item belongs to an old list of to a new list, hence, the more the items the more the response time needed to figure out. This is whether the target list is new or not. This leads to exhaustion of the brain a factor which further reduces the time needed to respond to the item. Limited capacity parallel access theory and familiarity-based decision making theory have similar results with Sternberg’s RT. The exhaustive search shows consistent results with the mean RT too. Limited capacity parallel access theory however differs in that it assumes that the items are accessed simultaneously but the memory comparison rate decreases as the set size increases. The simultaneous access causes the brain to reduce the effective time taken to compare the item with the