ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The facts as illustrated by Florida Lawsuits Allege Price Gouging shows Hurricane Charley as the worst disaster experienced in the state of Florida. This can be seen from the number of death tolls especially as a result of traffic accidents, heart attacks, and electrocution. It is a result of this that the lawyer states price gouging should be the least of the concern of families trying to heal from the tragedy. Anyone taking advantage of this kind of situation was unreasonable and selfish. The estimated loss from the damage is said to be more than 11 billion dollars. This is expected to rise upon further assessment. The situation and circumstances in the tragedy are said to lead to the rise of ill intent. Complaints were received from the customers who had made the reservation, as a result of Crossroads Motor Lodge advertising for rooms with the knowledge that accessibility to those rooms would be a problem. In another scenario, some customers felt defrauded when they were told that there were no rooms yet rooms were given to those who paid a higher price. Some of these customers were unable to obtain a refund. All this inconvenience was caused by false information about room availability. According to Crist the Florida Lawsuits attorney, an investigation by his office revealed more than one thousand two hundred complaints of price gouging during this tragedy. This is against Florida’s laws, which states that upon such a tragedy the cost of basic needs remains at an average price of the last month’s pricing. If these provisions are violated the civil penalties will be imposed to the extent of one thousand dollars for a single violation, and to twenty-five thousand dollars for multiple violations. The second article on “They Clapped: Can Price-Gouging Laws Prohibit Scarcity? shows in detail how price gouging becomes inevitable in the event of disasters. The hurricane smashed the North Carolina coastline leading to massive damage and exposing people to a devastating state in terms of lacking necessity. The North Carolina anti-gouging laws restricted the supply of these necessities from the businesspersons because of the fear of not breaking even by not being allowed to charge more in certain tragic circumstances. Despite the anti-gouging laws, some men in the town of Goldsboro decide that they could deliver to Raleigh what it needed the most, but it came with a price off course. They did the impossible to get to this place to supply the ice. The argument is that no one cared about the greed of these men, supplying what was needed most was the most important thing. Although a few did not appreciate, these acts and called the police that led to the arrest of these men. The people could be happy and clapping they got justice but the ice was taken away as evidence for that justice. Those standing willing to pay more could do nothing to get their hands on the ice. The above incidence of ice at Raleigh shows th
This source addresses the current advanced industries in terms of their vulnerability to cyberattacks. As the progress continues, humanity relies more on new technologies and the Internet. As a result, the necessity of protecting the critical infrastructure becomes more topical, calling for effective solutions in terms of protecting the data and functionality of the critical infrastructure. The authors of this piece argue that security was never a central feature of the Internet. Today, as private and public organizations, including the entities of critical infrastructure, increase their reliance on worldwide web-based technologies, this aspect becomes more evident. As a result, major transformations are required to ensure the cybersecurity of society. The rapid digitalization of the global community mostly has a positive impact, enhancing the potential of various industries, including the energy sector. However, new opportunities render the grids subject to damaging cyberattacks. The authors of this article argue in favor of new, coherent, and cohesive risk-centered policies that encompass both the cybersecurity and environmental domains of the energy sector. For the global power systems, cybersecurity becomes the leading matter of concern. This piece of knowledge discusses the uncertainty of renewable energy systems, based on several Unit Commitments models. This way, the author analyzes the potential impact of various cybersecurity threats capable of interrupting the stability of the supply of energy to communities and industries. This report prepared for the United States Department of Energy explains the theoretical foundations behind the increased demand for marine renewable energy. While this technology is advanced and safe for the environment, such systems face additional threats in terms of cybersecurity. Based on the analysis of the present risks, the authors provide an outline of a framework that addresses both internal and external threats in light of the system design and security architecture. The central idea of the article revolves around the fact that modern energy grids do not exist in isolation. Web-based technology ensures their interconnection and links with the centers of decision-making, enhancing the efficiency and control potential. Considering the increased attention of cyber terrorists to such advanced energy systems, this paper proposes an effective approach to protecting this element of critical infrastructure against malicious attempts. This article investigates the impact of damaging events on the functioning of the critical elements of the energy infrastructure. Cyberattacks remain one of the leading threats
Introduction Deliverance, transformation, and salvation from the yokes of overbearing cultural economic and social-political discrimination are an imperative agenda in modern society. Internal conflicts within states and interstates wars have been a common hallmark of the political history of Afghanistan. The instability, which is the unfortunate outcome of those struggles, has resulted in further unforeseen outcomes. For example, the neo-colonialism twisted in other obstinately assistive and emancipatory missions. The author of this article has detailed her opinion in all the aspects surrounding the attempts to describe the women of the veil (Muslims women). While structural, societal, political, and economic oppression is a reality, the author is skeptical, as the same had not been done objectively. For instance, she finds constant bombing a violation of civil rights. Social Context The author chides the activities of the Western colonies in Afghanistan in restoring the rights of the women of the veil. Social stratification is a product of a long history. This is a manifestation of different circumstances incidental to one’s lives and a structural design of one’s desires. The author feels that the fight for the deliverance of the women should first focus on the appreciation of this reality hence deliberating on global injustices as they shape the plight we find ourselves in. In Afghanistan, when the Taliban came into power, wearing the veil was made compulsory for all Afghanistan women. This was coupled with other discriminatory facts, which include poor health, unemployment, denial of schooling for the women, malnutrition, etc. This, according to the author, is what could have given many meanings to the discrimination of Afghanistan women as it reflected their real needs. What Affects Muslim Women in Canada Prejudi
Introduction On the 2nd of December 1970, the USA Congress passed and established rules and regulations that were proposed by President Richard Nixon to ensure the nationals and the environment was safe from harm and health complications. These laws and regulations included protection from harmful contact with hazardous chemicals, noise-control act, marine protection, and air-pollution prevention. It is the work of the Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, to administer these laws on the citizens and institutions. How the EPA came to exist The EPA rules came as a result of previous incidents in the USA that threatened human life and destroyed plant life, causing deaths of plantation and people from toxic wastes from industries. Back in the early 1950s, an incident occurred at a city called Love Canal in the surroundings of Niagara Falls, where a chemical company called Hooker Chemical Company sold its damp site filled with waste and covered with clay to a desperate-for-land Love Canal. The pollution saw its residents lose lives and experience multiple miscarriages during the session, lasting till 1970 after the purchase of the land. Other than these, there were birth defects and vegetation deaths with waste puddles coming up. The residents were helped and evacuated upon President Jimmy Carter’s administrative commands. The chemical reeks that came up from underneath in school compounds and crop fields were cleaned up. Another incident at Times Beach around 1980 lead the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) to form Superfund to enhance EPA performance and enable population evacuations. Massive and rampant pollution caught the attention of environmentalists like Rachel Carson, who in 1962 exposed the harmful effects of DDT on wildlife, especially birds. Campaigns sprouted from this marking world revolution, when many activists started to look into the health of the environment, thus the term ‘ecology.’ She died prematurely in 1964, with followers behind her cause despite skeptical criticism. EPA at first instituted programs to enact legislation like NEPA, whose primary objective was an improvement of the environment generally. By 1972, the Federal Environment Pesticide Control Act, the Clean Air Act, and the Clean Water Act were enacted by EPA (Stephenson, 2010). Now, more than hundreds of programs are managed by EPA to ensure careful attention is paid to cater to and preserve the natural environment. There came a time in 1969 when the United Nations got concerned and alerted the general public requesting mankind to avert his ways to prevent a foreseen demise that would occur if he did not change his polluting and des
Collective Representations The Sussex County Community College (SCCC) is known for its values and supportive environment. Its main goal is to maintain and promote student-centeredness, academic excellence, integrity, quality workplace, innovation, diversity, and environmental and fiscal stewardship. To ensure outstanding leisure opportunities, the college life at SCCC offers a wide range of various events. Rituals in Campus Life SCCC provides numerous activities and programs for the community to enjoy. For example, students can exhibit their artworks at the Art Gallery and share their poems and love for poetry in The Betty June Siliconas Poetry Center. Furthermore, various enrichment classes, such as yoga, cooking, and gardening courses, are available. The NJBIA Basics Skills Workforce Training program, presented by a partnership between multiple associations and workforce departments in New Jersey, also takes place in SCCC. There are even special programs for disabled adults (the LACE program) and people over fifty (the Center for Lifelong
In the post 9/11 scenario, the developed world has come to have a closer look at Islam. The curiosity has been, in media and the general public, more than ever before. But it certainly amazes one that such attention has only been able to “detect” some “flaws” in the societies that have existed for thousands of years. With this have come the continuous efforts to change the social norms and customs and also, to wrongly relate them to the religion. Among many of the sympathies that the West has been trying to bestow upon Muslims, the most vocal is women’s liberation. The male-dominated society in Muslim countries is under strict criticism, some of which relates to such “victims” of “oppression” who do not even welcome such criticism. After Afghan “liberation” from the Taliban regime, for an instance, the majority of women still prefer to clad themselves in Burqa on their free will. The idea of liberation goes back to the movement of feminism in the West that demanded equality of rights, non-dependence on men, legalized abortion, and an end to human sacrifice
Compliments are a conventional part of everyday life; we receive compliments on our appearance, personality, and skills and respond in a particular way that does not only reflect our attitude to and perception of the compliment but also cultural values and linguistic norms we usually employ. Depending on the individual’s culture, social values, and language, both compliments and compliment responses can differ significantly. Holmes (1988) defines a compliment as “a speech act which explicitly or implicitly attributes credit to someone other than the speaker, usually, the person addressed, for some „good‟ (possession, characteristic, skill, etc.) which is positively valued by the speaker and the hearer” (p. 446). Compliment responses are the act of responding to an explicit (or implicit) compliment. Ziaei (2014) points out that although compliments and compliment responses are treated as separate units, it is important to remember that they are linked acts. Normally, Holmes (1988) points out, compliments are used to attribute good to the addressee. Even if the compliment targets a third person, it still can serve as indirect praise of the addressee. At the same time, compliments can serve either as “positive politeness devices” or as a “face-threatening act” when the compliment becomes a redressive strategy (Holmes, 1988, p. 487). In this case, a compliment can be seen as a threatening act, for example, when the compliment addresses something that the individual is interested in. Thus, complimenting and responding to compliments are complex sociolinguistic skills as they can either enhance the solidarity between the interacting individuals or be perceived as face-threatening acts (Holmes, 1988). Additionally, compliments might express more than one pragmatic force; in some countries and cultures, they are used as a form of encouragement or support. Pomerantz (1978) examines compliment responses as “the behavior where actual performances are often discrepant from ideal or preferred performances, and where actual performances are often reported as… somewhat problematic” (p. 80). Also, Pomerantz (1978) notes that compliment responses can be embedded in the agreement/disagreement system, where agreements (with the compliment) are perceived as preferred second assessments and disagreements as dispreferred assessments. Differently put, normally, an agreement with compliments is a preferred response; at the same time, it is dispreferred to express agreement with a depreciating comment. However, in general, a self-deprecating comment is a form of assessment that is expected to be perceived as preferred. In this way, the roles of agreements and disagreements may shift. Compliments and compliment responses are linked to each other through specific sets of chained actions. There are two sets of such actions: acceptance/rejection and agreement/disagreement. Members of these two sets are also interrelated, namely, ac
Introduction If we choose to imagine poetry as art using a metaphoric image that is so characteristic of it, poetry may be presented as treasury of magic words and expressions. These treasures include various stylistic figures of speech: symbols, metaphors, epithets, etc. Poets are endowed with the talent of depicting life with the help of the beauty of poetic form. Thus, the present work is aimed at the analysis of two poems by outstanding authors, Dylan Thomas and John Donne. The choice of the definite poem is determined by the eloquent symbolism of both of them, the analysis of the symbolism of the works with its relation to the themes of poetry promises nontrivial results. Consequently, the work is aimed at the analysis of the interconnection of the way of expression of the themes and content of the poems with the form and figurative language of the poetry. Main Body First of all, the setting and the speakers of the poems should be analyzed and contrasted as their comparison will create the basis for analysis. The speaker of the poem “The Flea” is a young man who is trying to persuade his beloved woman into having intimate relations with him. Thus, the speaker’s monologue is aimed at the young woman who remains silent in the course of the poem. The reader gets to know about her responses and reaction only through the speaker’s commentaries. Thus, the reader gets the impression of being a secret unnoticed witness of the intimate situation between two young people. The situation described in the second poem, “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night”, is also very personal and concerns two people as well. However, if the first situation suggests future pleasure and enjoyment, along with the appearance of new relationship, the second suggests pain and grief of the loss of the near and dear person. The speaker is talking to his elderly father, who used to be strong in the past, but now is old and exhausted and is at death’s door. The speaker himself is, probably, a young man as well; it may even be assumed that this may be one and the same person speaking to different people in opposite situations. On the whole, even the settings of both poems resemble each other, the dying old man is lying on the bed that is his deathbed, and his son is beside him trying to make him live and struggle against death. The action in “The Flea” also takes place in bedroom, where the young man is trying to make his lady yield to his eloquent persuasion. Both speakers are very emotionally involved and eager to get positive reaction and continuation of relationship with the father and beloved woman. As for the sound, meter, and accent in the poems, it is worth mentioning that they play significant role in both poems. The special accent in the Thomas’s poem is on such
Introduction According to one famous psychologist, Maslow, humans have needs that should be satisfied in order to achieve contentment. These needs are arranged in a hierarchal order and explained using a triangular model. Occupying the lowest and biggest portion of this model are a person’s biological needs, primarily, food, clothing and shelter. (Simon : 1987) These three are basic necessities and are essential to life. Food is for the inward nourishment while clothing and shelter sustains the outward needs of the physical body. Among the three, shelter needs thorough planning and careful decisions before acquiring. Nowadays, shelter is not as simple as having a roof and a wall to stay in. People invest so much to having a place that is comfortable and is enough to house a certain number of family members. It could be classified as either owning a house or renting a place (e.g. condominiums and apartments). To some, housing is a valuable asset. Others consider it as a luxury. Main text This scenario in the home building industry did not just happen. It evolved around and within economic boundaries in different countries. The construction business has its ups and downs. It is expected that as human population rise, the demand for housing will also be high. In America, home building hasn’t experienced slow down since the 1990s. As a matter of fact, 17 million conventional houses were built in the span of one year. (Apgar: 2006) However in September 2007, housing construction has hit an all time low profit. (Nutting : 2007) Some economists say that this is because of recession while others think that customers are practical in spending their money. (Rayne : 2008) According to a study, the reason why there is a scale pattern in the home building is because of greater access to capital and the kind of economic environment that is experienced. Savings and loan industries have developed payment schemes that can help a potential home buyer budget his expenditures. On the other hand, some home builders offer low mortgage interests to houses they sell. (Hogset : 2005) Aside from attracting potential buyers, they also help in choosing the best possible deal to acquiring a property. (Apgar : 2006) However, there are certain risks that a buyer must put into consideration. If a buyer doesn’t pay the amount due for a certain period, the home builder might cancel the agreement and reacquire the property which the buyer has started to invest. Some people do not want to take this risk and therefore resort to renting an apartment or a condominium or a house owned by other individuals. (Baker : 2002) Because of the changing market conditions, home bui
Introduction I n zoology, animals group into certain classes or families according to their characteristics. As for the crocodile, groupings land crocodiles in a biological faction and family, Crocodylidae. Nevertheless, some scientists classify crocodiles in a subfamily called Crocodylinae. Sometimes, animal species from the order Crocodilia (alligators, caimans, gharials and true crocodiles) can loosely assume this family under certain circumstances. The family Crocodylidae comprises of reptile species spread all over the tropics in Asia, America, Australia and Africa. These species cohabit in fresh water bodies like lakes and rivers. Crocodiles like any other species of this family, feed on both vertebrates and invertebrates like mammals, mollusks, fish, crustaceans and other reptiles. However, feeding habits depends on the species of the crocodile. Biological experts believe that, before crocodiles, dinosaurs existed and that, there has been little evolutional change. According to evolution theory, crocodiles are 200 million years old having survived massive extinction events that took place long time ago. (Grigg and Gordon 326-333). Description of Crocodiles Notwithstanding the prehistoric glance of crocodiles, these reptiles are biologically complex species. For example, crocodiles characterize with a cerebral cortex, a decisive four-chambered heart that function like a diaphragm through muscle amalgamation. This is important especially when crocodiles move from aquatic environment to the one where respiration is paramount. On the other hand, the external morphology of crocodiles put on display, its aquatic and rapacious routine. For example, its muscular nature provides a psyche of an excellent predator pending the aerodynamic body. (The American Crocodile 1-6). When swimming, crocodiles truck their webbed feet sideways to reduce water resistance hence, faster swimming. Additionally, the webbed feet allow crocodiles to make impulsive moves within water bodies especially when sensing danger or catching a prey. They have characteristic webbed so imperative when these species perform physical walking in superficial water catchments. In order to prevent entry of water, crocodiles possess a rigid tissue just behind the mouth, palatal flap. The palate characterizes with a hollow alleyway detouring the maw from the nostril to the glottis. Interestingly, any kind of submergence will see nostrils close up to prevent water entry. (Uriona and Farmer 1141-1147). Crocodiles have a bony braincase, which prevent brain crash in case they hit rocks. Nonetheless, unlike other reptiles and mammals, its b