ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Project management is a unique process of doing things in the most appropriate manner. It is a special process that is used to plan, operate, and monitor projects. Its major objectives are achieving project goals effectively and solving specific problems. It is the way of managing changes to meet some specific obligations through the introduction of new ideas or improving the existing ones. It focuses on controlling the introduction of desired change by planning what need to be done, when, by whom, and at what standard. The managers are responsible of overseeing the project through team building, coordinate the work of different people, and monitoring how the work is done until the final results are attained. Project management has both advantages and disadvantages thus the managers need to maximize on advantages as they minimize on the disadvantages. The first advantage of employing project management is that it yields to efficiency in service delivery. This is because it provides a direction to be followed to get to completion easily. Project management helps in forecasting the areas that can cause delays and plan on how they can be avoided before the commencement of the project. They help in estimating the scenarios that are likely to occur and therefore, the managers can decide on the appropriate cause of action to take to ensure there is efficiency and effectiveness in operations. This facilitates customer satisfaction, which ensures that the business create a wider market share that in turn increases profitability. Project management tools facilitate the development and maintenance of artifacts such as project schedule. This helps in analyzing complex situation that would take long to analysis without the aid of these tools. They ease the process of recording, linking and analyzing data thus ensuring smooth flow of the project within designated project stages. Another advantage is that management projects facilitate objective comparison of alternative actions by providing repeatable results. Managers can apply the same strategies that contributed to successful completion of one project to other projects in the future without rigidity because they leave room for flexibility. The managers can opt to take another direction if they discover a better method of improving the project. This increases the chances of the quality and quantity of production since implementing the basic project management strategies helps in narrowing focus. When the focus is directed to some specific and achievable goals, they can be attained at a reasonable time span and within the budgeted costs. The main disadvantages associable with project management are of overheads, obsession, and lack of creativity. Overheads that relate to Project management include cost, time, and communication overheads. Cost overheads are financial obligations that need to be met to ensure that the project is carried out effectively. Organization need to hire more managers who ensure that the project is carried out appropriately, and the required outcome is achieved. There are direct costs that
Introduction One important subject in human evolution is philosophy. This essay thus critically examines the concept of philosophy and defines the major branches of philosophy. Ideally, philosophy is derived from Greek word philosophia meaning ‘love of wisdom’ has been thought as a general study of “fundamental issues especially those linked to existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language” (Sober 86). It is worth noting that philosophy can be differentiated from other disciplines by the fact that it critically evaluates existing as well as emerging problems fully guided by arguing in the most rational manner. It is worth acknowledging that the concept of philosophy has been evolving with the passage of time. The ancient philosophers’ work has laid solid ground on the development of what we currently have. Additionally, it has been documented that one of the major virtue of philosophy is its ability to teach not what to think rather how to think. Skills acquired to ensure that humans are capable of “critically analyzing issues, question orthodoxies as well as express issues in the clearest manner” (Warburton 64). The main branches of philosophy It has been difficult to come up with the various branches of philosophy; however efforts of ancient philosophers resulted in five major branches. These include metaphysics, ethics, politics, esthetics, and epistemology. There is no doubt that all these branches are associated in one way or another. According to Sober, 35 metaphysics purely deals with telling humans all issues relating to existence thus forms the baseline of how we view the world. In the strictest sense, metaphysics is the study of the nature of reality, tackling such issues as the link between the human body and mind. It tries to unveil whether the world is veracity or just a fantasy. Among the key elements of metaphysics deemed rational are that reality is absolute and the world is real but not a false impression. The existence of the physical world makes each an every entity to have a specific nature. The entities interact with one another based on their nature. Additionally, every action does have a cause and effect. This branch is very important since it gives us the foundation of philosophy, which has made mankind be in a position to deal with reality (Warburton 86). Politics as a branch of philosophy applies to a group of individuals in a society. The major importance of this branch is that it lets mankind
Journalism is the art of collecting information from different sources, which may involve happening events or events that have actually happened. It involves analyzing the information, editing and proofreading the information for publication. Acquiring information can be very tricky as well as tiresome and in most cases as a journalist, you might get the wrong information or rather unreliable sources and thus the need for analysis. Sources of information There are many sources of information for journalists, some of these sources being anonymous in which case the identity of the person providing information to the journalist is unknown. In such cases, it is up to the journalist to investigate further into the claims from the source if the information has facts. However, this is not always case, and thus it becomes a challenge to the journalist who has no idea if the information given regarding some event or issue is true or false. Such information is helpful to a journalist if there is some supporting evidence either from the source or from investigation and research by the journalist. Having something to write is not always enough, but having the right information, that is not containing incorrect information. Having anonymous sources to some people means that, the reporters are lazy and probably do not want really to find out the correctness of the information from the sources. According to research done on the use of anonymous sources, it shows that most journalists use anonymous sources due to competition and having a story to these journalists is having what any other journalist has. The only way of achieving this is by using anonymous sources; however, this kind of trust is not always reliable as it can lead to loss of credibility of the writer or the publication. This results to numerous cases of
Movies with a deep and profound moral sense are not uncommon and “Liar, Liar” is one of them. It tells a story about a man who works as a lawyer and is very good at deceiving people, the court and even the judge. The man has a wife and a young son whom he loves but still, does not spend enough time with. He keeps promising to change things but never does and so, his son makes a wish for his father to not be able to lie for one day. His wish comes true at the worst time possible, as Fletcher has an important case where he has to win by lying. He has much trouble in court when he realizes he cannot lie and he is forced to tell the truth, still winning his case. In the process he discovers his morals and in the end, reunites with his son and wife, after almost losing them. The story described in the movie is one of egoism and a self centered person who will resort to anything just to win the case. Clearly, the character has violated several moral and ethical standards. His primary responsibility is towards his son as caregiver and he does not provide the needed comfort and attention to this family. He is too focused on his success at work, as he is not able to see past himself. He has a reputation of being a good lawyer and winning the hardest cases because he is very good at deception, and to do this he must sacrifice all his time with the family and be at work. This is clearly wrong because family is most important and work must be used to support the family and not get away further from it. Also, when the lawyer uses his position of authority and trust of people to lie in court, it is another violation of the moral code. He is the representative of law and must be truthful but this does not concern him, as he is only interested in winning cases. His own reputation and fame got the better of him and this causes the man to get lost in own lies. His excuse to himself is that he is doing it for the benefit of his client. He creates elaborate stories where the person who is wrong feels like the victim and this is enough for his own conscience to believe his lies. This is a very obvious example of egoism where all a person thinks about is their gains in society, personal life and the reputation among co-workers and clients. But the consequences of such egotistical behavior do not limit themselves to the person and their family. The society has given him the power to be the deciding link in a judicial system. The fact that criminals and offenders can use the services of such a lawyer and walk free, means that justice is not being served. The corruption of the courts has often shown to have a negative influence on the greater population. The job of the lawyer is sometimes to protect people who are guilty. Since they are getting paid to defend a person, they mus
Introduction Dagongmei refers to a new labor movement, in China, that strives to promote labor reforms (Ngai 4). The movement is commonly associated with women workers from rural China. This paper finds out the historical conditions of its emergence and existing divisions in the movement. Similarly, it explores the possibility of forming a class-for-itself, based on the Dagongmei identity. However, before embarking on this analysis, it is, first, important to understand what calls this new subject into being. What Calls Dagongmei into being Many factors created the Dagongmei labor movement. However, four things emerged as the true influences of this movement – production and reproduction of labor power, restrictions of the labor movement, poor working conditions, and the emergence of a new generation of workers (Ngai 4-6). Production and Reproduction of Labor In China, factories mainly recruited labor from the countryside ( China: a Century of Revolution ). Although these people contributed to the economic prosperity of the country, peasant families, living in the countryside, often suffered from the high cost of labor reproduction (Ngai 4-6). This situation emerged because rural laborers used tiny subsistence plots of land to undertake their economic activities. This is why Chinese labor wages are lower than other developed economies ( China: a Century of Revolution ). Thus, labor systems in western economies often consider the total costs of labor (including the reproduction costs of labor, the reproduction costs of the laborers’ children, and the reproduction costs of the future generation of proletarians) to compute wages. Dormitory Capitalism Restricted movement of labor in China ( Hukou system ) contributed to the emergence of the Dagongmei labor movement ( Mardi Gras: Made in China ). The Chinese government introduced this system by registering the entire population as either rural or urban dwellers ( Mardi Gras: Made in China ). This system gave a lot of power to the owners of capital who housed their workers in small shelters (Ngai 5). Thus, the workers were always under the control of their employers. If they were unable to fulfill their labor duties, the employers sent them back to the village. As Ngai (6) said, the workers were instantly disposable. Poor Working Conditions Ngai (9) highlighted the similarities that existed between Chinese labor workers and female laborers in the early industrial period in Britain. A notable similarity was the alienation of the laborers from the factors of production. This fact made it difficult for workers to improve their status as laborers (Hairon 3). The same system limited the ability for personal development because workers owned
SWOT Analysis Strengths Our core strengths include affordable prices that contribute to the cost advantage of Spirit Airlines, availability of loyalty programs for retaining customers, and more seats on airplanes in comparison with other affordable airlines. Our company is well-known in the region as well as in Latin America and the Caribbean (“Spirit Airlines SWOT analysis, USP and competitors,” 2017). Weaknesses Our weaknesses include the lack of catering and entertainment services on flights, limited destinations, and no allowance for baggage (extra fees). Opportunities A positive outlook for the United States’ economy presents major opportunities for our company, facilitating technological advancements to improve in-flight entertainment and attract more customers. Threats Among the possible threats for our company, an increase in fuel price can harm low-cost flight operations. Also, outdated technologies and average service quality can lead to the loss of customers (“Spirit Airlines SWOT analysis, USP and competitors,” 2017). These threats are of particular importance for our company to address. Analysis of the Internal Organizational Environment Corporate Governance Audit Committee Our Audit Committee includes three members (Chair – David Elkins) who are responsible for the review of Spirit Airlines’ audit and internal accounting processes; also, the Committee gets assistance from independent auditors (“Corporate governance guidelines of Spirit Airlines, Inc.,” n.d.). All members of our Audit Committee align with the “requirements of financial literacy and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the NASDAQ Stock Market. The Board has determined that all members of the Audit Committee are financial experts defined under the applicable rules” (Spirit Airlines, Inc., 2017, p. 10). Compensation and Benefits Committee Our Committee consists of three members accountable for approving and reviewing specific objectives associated with matters of reimbursements for stakeholders (“Corporate governance guidelines of Spirit Airlines, Inc.,” n.d.). Current members of our Compensation and Benefits Committee are Mr. Elkins (Chair), Mr. Gardner, and Ms. Soto (Spirit Airlines, Inc., 2017). Also, we have engaged Mr. Watson to act in an independent advisory to the Committee. Corporate Governance Committee Our Committee also requires the participation of at least three members involved in the decision-making regarding nominations of employees for positions of Committee members and directors. Such decisions involve candidates’ and directors’ evaluations. Current members of the Committee include Mr. Donaway (Chair), Mr. Elkins, and Mr. Jones. Each of them meets the definition of “independent director” to align with the requirements of NASDAQ Stock Market qualifications (Spirit Airlines, Inc., 2017, p. 11). Credit Committee Our Committee includes three members who assess our company’s standing credits and whether the debts are repayabl
Introduction The attempts to revive the Irish political nationalism have seen considerable Irish literary achievement. The country’s long history as a British colony and the effects of that colonization shapes the struggle for Irish nationhood and identity even today, both politically and imaginatively. The country’s struggle for independence intensified towards the turn of the 20th century culminating in partial independence in 1921 from British colonization (Abrams 2304). The long history of colonization has had profound effects on the cultural, political, economic and social aspects of the Irish; a situation Ireland is struggling with even today, in its efforts to establish a distinct Irish culture and an Irish nation state. The nationalist struggle for Irish identity and nationhood began in the turn of the 19th century culminating in partial independence from British colonization in 1921 (Abrams 2305). This struggle is integral to Irish recent history and is a central focus for the many political activists, poets, artists and writers who attempt to give the Irish national spirit a voice. The three literary works: Yeats’s “September 1913”, “Easter 1916”, and Joyce’s “The Dead” revolve around the period preceding and after the Irish independence and subsequent creation of an Irish State. The three literary works touch on the problems and the issues associated with the Irish nationalist struggle in the early 20th century and its aftermath. The Themes: Yeat’s “September 1913” and “Easter 1916” Yeats’s Poetry comprises of poems written by an Irish poet, William Butler Yeats in the twentieth century (Yeats 1). In the two poems, “September 1913”and “Easter 1916”, Yeats used the themes of national unity, nationalism, social division and the freedom of expression in the context of his country, Ireland. Through themes and figurative language, the poems reveal Yeats’s feeling regarding the Irish struggle for independence. In particular, the theme of nationalism dominates in the “Easter 1916” poem, where he mentioned the national heroes who died during the rebellion such as MacDonagh (Abrams 2308). He said, “Now and in time to be, /whenever green is worn,” (Finneran 182). Green in this context referred to the national color of his country and a color of the Irish solders’ uniforms. In this case, he alluded that the struggle for independence was still on in Ireland. In “September 1913”, Yeats introduces the theme of freedom from oppression. Although Yeats was a patriot and advocated for independence of Ireland, he often criticized his country for the suppression of the right to free expression. In this poem he says, “Romantic Ireland’s dead a
Introduction This essay will be reviewing and discussing the change of our consumer patterns as presented by Erik Assadourian. The paper seeks to answer whether Assadourian’s critique of modern consumer culture is accurate. The paper will also find out whether we can counter the problems we are facing caused by rampant technological advancement. A review of the recommendations given by Assadourian will be done to identify the most reasonable and effective one in promoting positive cultural changes. Accuracy Assadourian critique of the modern consumer culture is very accurate and justifiable. The author seems to be well informed of the current global issues that the entire world is grappling with within the 21st century. The author has given practical examples of our consumption in terms of dollars. Going by the statistics given, it is evident that we are headed to a global calamity. In his submission, he claims that the world’s consumption rate has increased by 28% from 1996 (Assadourian 4). He clearly sets the record straight by confirming that the rising population does not cause the rise in our consumption rate. While the global rise in population accounts for an insignificant increase in consumption, Assadourian maintains that individual human consumption is still the root cause of the heightened consumption rate (Assadourian 4). The author connects the rise of consumption to the increase in the use of fossil fuels, minerals, timber, land, and metal (Assadourian 4). His argument makes a lot of sense when critically examined in an objective approach. Due to the rise in human consumption of energy, the use of fossil fuels has increased in triple digits in the last ten years. Evidence Fossil fuels are used in industries and other mechanical products like vehicles. In 2008 alone, 68 million vehicles were purchased globally (Assadourian 5). This means that the amount of petroleum gas used to run vehicles increased by a significant figure. This ultimately led to the increase in carbon emission through burning fossils hence increasing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. The ultimate result is the current global warming being experienced worldwide. Increased consumption of food products on the other hand has also played part in unsustainable consumption patterns. Food demand has gone up especially with the increased population and more so with the changing eating habits. This has led to the plowing of more land hence cutting down trees causing severe deforestation (Assadourian 5). This has led to changes in climatic patterns hence reducing even the favorable climatic conditions that enhance food production. Mining activities are on the rise as the demand for metals and other minerals is at its peak. The rise in demand for furniture has also led to the destruction of forests hence depleting natural resources that were meant to sustain human life. The depletion of these natural resources is caused by the ever-growing consumer consumption (“WWF-UK: The effects of climate change” par. 6). This trend is slowly putting pressure on the ea
Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) is a famous American multitalented artist. He is eminent for his stained glasswork, yet he practiced blown glass design, ceramic art, metalwork, and was a decorator and an internal designer. Many look at Tiffany as an artist who gave name through his glasswork to the Art Nouveau movement. Tiffany’s stained desk lamp is a typical example of the Art Nouveau style. Tiffany began the stained glass experiments in 1875; three years later he had his own glassmaking factory and became a renowned glassmaker because of his innovations. He used colored glass instead of painting glass and introduced one variety of sparkling glass that he called favrile (traced to a French word that means homemade). The works of William Morris (an English artist who founded the Arts and Crafts movement in England) influenced Tiffany’s work. The public’s interest in Tiffany’s glassworks revived in the mid-fifties of the 20th. Century heralded by the display of his work at the Museum of Contemporary Crafts in New York. Interest continued and remained strong for the second half of the 20th. Century with many museums displaying Tiffany’s works in the US and Japan. The last of these displays was at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in May 2007 (Kulpa, pp. 5-18). Of all Tiffany’s work, stained glass created the credit for him as a unique artist. Tiffany’s unique techniques and characteristic skills were: the use of mottled gl