ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Google is a multinational corporation founded by Larry Page and Sergy Brin in 1998. It was founded with the sole aim of organizing information in order to make it available to everyone worldwide. Since its foundation, Google has evolved significantly. Several products have been developed, partnerships have been formed, and acquisitions have taken place. For example, in 2007, Google launched a mobile operating system know as Android. The company also moved into development of communication hardware, software, and applications for computers and mobile devices. A business-level strategy refers to a set of commitments, plans, and initiatives that businesses, corporations, and organizations use to develop competitive advantage through exploitation of strengths of certain products in the market (Hitt 45). The five main generic business-level strategies used to develop competitive advantage include cost leadership, focused differentiation, focused cost leadership, differentiation, and integrated cost leadership (Hitt 47). Google uses the differentiation strategy that involves providing goods and services in ways that are different from those of competitors. Google’s business level strategy Companies adopt several business-level strategies depending on their operations and organizational structure. Google adopts the generic business level strategy of differentiation (Ireland, et. al, 54). This strategy involves offering an array of products and services to customers in ways that differ from those of competitors. The search engine is the most popular service offered by Google. It has dominated internet searches for a long time. Moreover, it is the most reliable and most preferred internet search engine because it has several features that make it fast and reliable. For example, the search engine uses a scheme known as the PageRank system that is unique to it only. It ranks different web pages and makes searches based on the interest of the user instead of the repetitiveness of a search word or phrase. The strategy has given Google competitive advantage over other companies that offer similar services and products such as Yahoo (Ireland, et. al, 55). The company has successfully developed customer loyalty due to the high quality of its products and services. The differentiation strategy explains the competitive advantage developed by Google. Through this strategy, the price of goods and services are set at levels that exceed the cost of production. On the other hand, more attention is accorded to innovation rather than production of low cost products (Ireland, et. al, 57). Sources of differentiation strategy include incorporation of advanced technological features into products, use of creative designs, and use of responsive initiatives to fulfill customers’ needs. Strategic issues facing Google The main strategic issues facing Google include privacy disaster, hiring and retention, competition from new companies, risk of disruption by new startups, risk of antirust and copy infringement, and violation of privacy (I
Introduction Paweł Zieliński’s report is titled ‘ Bilingualism’ and is a brief analysis of bilinguals and who they are. It also helps readers to distinguish a person who is a bilingual from one who is not. According to the Encarta Dictionary (2011), a bilingual refers to a person “ able to speak two languages easily and naturally .” The Merriam-Webster dictionary also defines a bilingual as a person “ able to use two languages especially with equal fluency” (Merriam-Webster, 2011). This text aims to find the correct definition of the term ‘bilingual’, by identifying the characteristics that define a bilingual, the distinctions caused by the different times a language is learned, and whether learning a language is only about speaking the language or learning the culture from which the language comes from, as well. Zieliński’s key argument is that a person can become bilingual only after they are able to speak the language fluently. This person must also understand the culture from which the language comes from. He argues that a person does not have to learn a language from youth. It can be learned in adulthood, although it is much more difficult to master a language as an adult compared to learning it in childhood. Zieliński’s analysis covers his main arguments well, although he could have put more emphasis on covering opposing arguments to his opinions, as well. Summary The text is organized into an introduction, two key points and a conclusion. In the introduction, a bilingual person is first defines. A bilingual is a person with a command of two languages.
In this research, my business “problem” goal was to choose the proper option and present the business model of a golf company startup in order to attract more people to golf and help them to enjoy this game. With the aim of providing the reader with appropriate and credible information, problem-solving strategies, methods, and techniques were used. The data I encountered was based on graphs and figures presenting growth trajectories, customer trends, and market. I utilized novel approaches that would attract more people. Among the possible solutions of the business “problem”, I suggested the introduction of women and youth into the golf market. Moreover, I supposed the idea of a new strategy concerning golf equipment, particularly of opportunity to remodel, renovate, and upgrade the existing facilities to reduce the cost of golf. The reduction of membership fees and golf courses would perhaps catch the attention of people, too. In addition, the concept of geographical expansion was proposed by me as it was stated that most European countries proceed to register considerable growth in golf participation despite the economic downturn. Thus, thoroughly analyzing significant insights of the American golf scene, I proved that the “problem” could be addressed and suggested possible solutions containing significant and realistic ideas that seem like an innovative opportunity to make the world better to some extent. However, there is still something needs to be done in the future. I would like to continue my investigation improving available ways of “problem” resolving and proposing new ones (for example, individual training of golf club members) as well as creating a business plan to bring this project to life. Also, the implication of the paper is that it might be useful for startuppers in some degree.
Attention in the social sciences is focusing on the impact of globalization on cultural as well as national identities of immigrants. It is argued that improved global links is having an effect on how immigrants form identities in two main ways. First, globalization has created a “global locality” by making it easy to establish communication links with various communities in different parts of the world, thus making it possible to know what happens in those cultures. A significant number of Australian immigrants are from the Middle East especially from countries such as Yemen, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Dubai and Saudi Arabia. The Middle Easterns are traditionally Muslims and such the sustenance of their Muslim identity is vital. Globalization helps them to keep track with what is happening back in their home countries. The ability to maintain contacts with their cultural roots means that their Muslim identity is not lost. They thus derive a sense of pride in their Muslim identity. However, this pride is affected by negative stereotyping. Secondly, globalization has improved social interactions globally as such these immigrants are able to keep pace with what is happening in other parts of the world. Westernization, especially American cultures largely influences the global culture. Thus national identities of such immigrants have been rendered susceptible to the influences of global locality culture as it may lead to the adoption of the global culture. Therefore their national identity is affected by the open global society. Middle East Muslims make a significant number of Australian immigrants. Their Muslim identity is a matter of concern to them and to the Australian government. Globalization sustains their Muslim identity. Nationalism can be termed as the mind-set and the actions that the citizens of a given country have in relation to forming certain traits that they esteem as crucial in identifying their unique distinctiveness over other citizens of other countries. Such attitudes and actions constitute the self determination of that country. Nationalism creates a shared self-awareness a psychological condition amongst people of a given state that makes it possible to identify themselves as belonging to that country. Middle Easterners in Australia esteem to uphold their national identities and identify through religion, dressing mannerism. Nationalism : Unique attitudes and behaviors portrayed by citizens of a given county. National identity : Understanding of such traits and the psychological conditioning amongst citizens of that country. Morris Theory Bicultural identity: results from the affects of globalization on national identity formation. Globalization only dilutes the surface identity and leaves the deep structural identities intac
The modern political relations between the USA and Iran are characterised by the constant increase of tensions. The current prejudice of the US politicians in relation to the Iranian diplomats and representatives of the power is based on the years of the military and political conflicts. As a result, the US authorities are inclined to develop political relations and work out diplomatic contacts with the Iranian politicians cautiously. The conflicts and tensions are associated with a lot of differences in the political regimes, ideologies, and approaches to the social development. In his film Argo (2012), Ben Affleck depicts one of the most controversial episodes in the relations between the USA and Iran. In 1979, the Iranians attacked the American embassy in Tehran as a response to the Americans’ actions in relation to protecting Shah at the territories of the USA. Six persons escaped from the embassy, and the story of their escape is presented in Argo ( Argo 2012). The audience’s attention is drawn to the fact that not all the aspects of the historical event are represented properly because the film is based on the true story, but it does not represent the aspects of the situation in detail. Thus, the story is discussed from the perspective of the Americans, and it is possible to speak about the elements of Orientalism in depicting the characters and events. Although there are decades between the present day and events of 1979, it is possible to observe the definite developed stereotypes in discussing the Iranians and the Iranian regime in relation to the previous and modern historical periods. Orientalism is traditionally discussed as the method to depict the Middle Eastern culture by the representatives of the Western culture while imitating and reflecting the most remarkable features (Sardar 1999). From this point, Argo can be discussed as the vivid example to represent the cultural and social peculiarities of the Iranians through the eyes of the Americans. In spite of the fact Affleck used the notes and documents provided by the participants of the discussed events and focused on the complete depiction of the specific details, the Westerners’ approach to discussing the Iranian hostage crisis was affected significantly by the developed stereotypes and prejudice. Thus, in the context of Affleck’s work, Orientalism is the way to depict the Iranians through the eyes of the Americans, but not according to the aspects of their real cultural and historical heritage. That is why, the majority of the Americans agree with the historical and emotional background of the film when the Iranians state that Argo abuses them because of the faults in depicting the nation (Rezaian 2013). The representatives of the Iranian community state that according to the film, the Iranians can be perceived as violent and irrational people who are oriented to developing cruel wars and to the mass destruction. It is necessary to note that Orientalism depends on focusing on the specific details characteristic for the Middle Eastern environments (Sardar 1999). Nevertheless, the settings and atmosphere of the film do not p
Introduction It is no doubt that obesity is one of the biggest challenges of the modern times. It is ironical that so much is known about the obesity especially the health hazard of the condition but yet more and more people are witnessed growing obese with every dawn. It is not a secret that a significant portion of the Americans are aware of the dangers of getting obese but does this knowledge seem to have any effect. In this article, a suggestion is given for the government to regulate the food business. The main argument of the paper is based on the reasoning that the government should protect its people from effects of obese. Obese has become a national issue It is no doubt that obese has become an issue of national interest. It is very clear that despite the awareness programs being carried out, there is no significant change being witnessed in the expected direction but instead more people are seemingly making assumptions about the effects of being obese and are becoming obese. The cost of obesity is immense and nations such as the US, the government is forced to part with a lot of funds in treatment of conditions which are brought about by being obese. As a matter of fact being obese is a risk factor for heart attack and without proper care one can easily succumb to heart attack when obese. Children and women especially pregnant mothers expose themselves to various risks by getting obese. Physical body exercises are very significant for a proper development of children but this may not be possible if a child is obese. Government expenditure and the risks that obese citizens expose themselves are enough reason for the government to be concern. As it has been mentioned above, despite the enormous efforts which have been put forward towards discouraging people from being obese, it has not been possible to discourage people from growing obese. Obese has become an issue of national interest thus the need for the government to swiftly move in and control the food industry. It has been witnessed that the food manufacturers are not very concern about the welfare of the citizens and actually that is why junk food outlets and increasing by day. On their own the people do not seem to make the correct judgment concerning healthy feeding. The food companies on their side do not seem to care about what kind of food they are selling to their customers. If the government is to control the food industry it will be possible for the amount of junk food released to the market to be reduced thus effectively reducing the rates of obesity. It is worth noting that there will be a likely of protest against such a move probably based on the argument of freedom of choice. Conclusion Despite the much information available in the society against being obese because of the health dangers associated with one being obese. The government should take measures and control the food industry. By regulating the food industry it will became possible for the amount of junk food released to the market to be reduced. This will effectively reduce the obesity levels in
Enrolling for a doctorate in Marketing at the New Mexico University will be a significant step towards positive advancement in my academic life. Marketing has been termed as a discipline that ensures that the demand for products and services are efficiently designed, managed, and satisfied. The outcomes for enrolling for a doctorate in marketing will permit me to acquire in-depth knowledge and understanding of the field of marketing and ensure sufficient synthesis of academic literature and research. This will, in turn, contribute to the knowledge base of the field of marketing. Furthermore, I believe that my chosen area of study will seek to articulate current issues and challenges in marketing by devising relevant strategies as solutions. A doctorate in marketing offers the possibility of research at three levels. They include the managerial level, the micro-level, and the macro-level. At the managerial level, research undertaken seeks to develop fundamental models and methodologies that can be applied by managers in day to day decision making. It aims to develop wide concepts in public and private sectors regarding marketing information that is vital to enhancing profit generation in firms. The second level of research is the micro-level, which covers buyer behavior based on psychological factors. These include advertising and consumer choices, brand preferences, and product-service offerings in markets. The third level is the macro level, which deals with the structure, profitability, and performance of markets. Several research areas are available based on the three levels of marketing defined above. Under the micro-level, also termed as the most basic level, areas of interest include consumer behavior research pertaining to retailing, consumer decision making, consumer socialization, marketing to vulnerable groups, and risky consumption behavior among consumers. At the macro level, marketing research interests include knowledge on business models, industry standards and regulations, marketing theories, and successful models for possible implementation by firms. Other areas include brand authentication in international markets and marketing in global markets. Another emerging area of interest is social and online marketing, which tends to move away from traditional marketing by offering web-based tools and electronic solutions used to improve marketing functions within virtual environments. Research interests based on the managerial level are with reference to managers and business networks, supply chains and marketing, retail channels, inter-organizational relationships, account management, and marketing integration. By understanding the tools and techniques that transform marketing processes, I will be in a better position to understand different types of markets and devise models of how to create equilibrium in the event of disruptions that arise from economic, technological, social, and political factors. I believe that through my research and guidance by assigned supervisors, I will contribut
Abstract Man’s desire for knowledge and success has over the years expanded beyond the restrictions of localities and regional boundaries. As such, business mergers and other agreements have been made between business entities in search of a larger market base, resources and human capital. The occurrences of such interactions have over the years brought the human race closer to each other than ever before despite their varied differences in cultures, goals and objectives. Consequently, corporations and business organizations have been forced to restructure their modes of operation in order to accommodate and utilize the benefits that can be accrued from having a diverse workforce. This paper shall in detail address the issue of ethnicity and how best it can be managed within the work environment. Introduction One of the things that make human life intriguing and captivating is the diversity and variation exhibited by various people as a result of their differing cultures (ethnic background), personalities and physical appearances. Through the years, different groups of people have come up with cultures which help them develop spiritually, morally and mentally. As such these cultures have become building blocks in their lives and work places. It therefore stands without doubt that developing an organizational culture is pivotal to the success of any business endeavor. Consequently, the questions that are left wanting are: How does organizational culture influence employee’s response to organizational change? And, what effective approaches do organizations use to promote work-life balance? This paper shall focus on cultural diversity in work places. A detailed discussion shall be presented on how this ethnicity may affect an organization either positively or negatively. Solutions and recommendations shall also be made as to how best this diversity can be balanced. The importance of nurturing an organizational culture shall also be highlighted. Brief summary on ethnic diversity Globalization has led to a status quo where organizations are constantly being forced to interact and in some instances merger with each other so as to fully utilize scarce resources so as to ensure their profitability and hence future continuity. To best achieve their goals, organizations at times find themselves forging alliances with individuals from different nations around the globe in order to tap into the best talents for the various jobs. Hankin (2008) asserts that cultural diversity is about respecting and acknowledging differences among people in relation to their age, sex, ethnicity, abilities and beliefs. If employees do not oversee such differences and work as a unit, then the working environment and the output would end up in
Bucket Elevator For several years, the company has been using a bucket elevator made from steel. Steel bucket elevator was chosen because of the cost advantage. They can resist rapid wear and abrasion. Besides, they can tolerate extremely high temperatures during operations. However, a steel bucket elevator could be expensive, especially if it is made from stainless steel material. The company also opted for the steel bucket elevator because of its non-stick qualities and suitability for handling food bulk materials. The company however faced problems with steel when the grains loaded on Bucket Elevator caused a spark, which led to a fire. The bucket elevator consists of three major parts that can generate heat. The heat can ignite dust in the elevator or atmosphere and cause an explosion. Notably, it was observed that the heat that caused the fire could have originated from a slipping belt connected to the pulley head, the heat created by friction when the belt and the elevator casing get into contact, or heat that emanated from bearing fault. Thus, an alternative replacement was required for the bucket elevator to function normally without threats of explosion and fire from accumulated dust. The plastic component was used to replace the steel. Specifically, a high-quality plastic buc