ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Background You have just accepted a position to become the CIO at a brand new start-up company in California. The company will be manufacturing and selling a revolutionary computer headset that uses nerve impulses to control the computer. You have orders in excess of 100,000 now and expect to double every 3 months for at least 5 years. Your product will be offered to the U.S. initially and internationally next year. Your new company has secured sufficient venture capital to start-up and had to turn away many other backers so money is not a problem. Assumptions The building will be ready for occupancy in one month. The only employees of the company are the CEO, Board of Directors, CIO, and 3 other Vice Presidents, and 12 Directors. Employees of the company have not yet been hired and you will be arriving at a medium sized manufacturing site with no IT infrastructure. Assignment Develop a mission statement for your new IT organization, develop short-term and long-term goals, first year budget requirements, identify the top 10 things that you, the CIO, must put in place for this new organization prior to initial start-up and during the course of the first year in order for this business to manufacture this product (be specific and explain why each of these things are needed). The format for this should be a brief PowerPoint presentation intended for a meeting with your CEO and Board of Directors to gain budget approval. This is your first meeting with the BOD so you must make a good impression. You may include an appendix to support your presentation at the back of your PowerPoint.
Introduction Successful and new companies are always trying to find new markets and innovative growth opportunities. This may mean looking for a better location for a new manufacturing facility or concentrating on a head office in today’s global economy. In fact, the process of choosing a new place begins for a number of reasons, such as high local taxes, lack of labor, and high numbers of competitors. Therefore, when a company decides that an existing office or production should be relocated or create an additional new location, the question of determining a place arises. Choosing a location for a manufacturing plant is a complex and time-consuming process that often takes many months or even years. For this reason, various firms prefer to hire outside consultants to help them take production sites. However, not all companies are able to pay for such services, so they control the selection process themselves. On the other hand, it is economically advantageous for large and small cities the possibility that their location meets the demand of companies. As the development of business and industry permits collecting a sufficient amount of taxes to meet the needs of the city. Also, at the same time, a business creates jobs for the population, so sometimes, the town authorities can create special conditions for building new plants, thereby increasing t
A laptop computer is a crucial component of modern life that allows instant access to education, entertainment, and communication almost anywhere. It is light and portable, allowing users to take the device with them during long and short trips. A laptop differs from a desktop computer by its size and other features (GCFLearnFree.org, 2012). Still, it has almost the same functionality as its bigger analog. This report aims to discuss the composition of a laptop computer and the purpose of each element. Each part of a laptop is necessary for its proper operation. Like a desktop computer, it contains a monitor and keyboard (GCFLearnFree.org, 2012). However, the distinction is in the size of these two parts, which are smaller in a notebook computer. Furthermore, instead of a regular mouse, a laptop has a touchpad to control the pointer on the screen (GCFLearnFree.org, 2012). One of the essential advantages of this computer is a built-in rechargeable battery that allows relative independence from the power source and incredible mobility. The laptop’s other beneficial feature is the possibility to connect a regular monitor, keyboard, and mouse through the unique ports, transforming it into a stationary computer (GCFLearnFree.org, 2012). Overall, laptops have some important peculiarities that distinguish them from stationary devices, increasing their usability and portability. To summarize, a laptop possesses the same functions as a desktop computer but is smaller in size. Installed battery, keyboard, and touchpad make this device convenient and easily transportable. Although it may seem that a compact monitor and the lack of a regular mouse can complicate its utilization, specific ports allow connecting these components to a laptop and turn it into a desktop computer. Finally, a rechargeable battery allows to continue working on a computer even in the absence of electricity. Reference GCFLearnFree.org. (2012). Computer basics: Getting to know laptop computers [Video]. YouTube.
History of punishments Punishments have been in existence since the year 2700BC. This practice was rampant in civilized communities. These punishments were accorded to people caught committing crime and other forms of social evils. In both the Quran and the Bible there is various evidence of punishment (Edge 2009). People were mostly punished as a result of committing capital crimes. These crimes included murder, sex related crimes, involvement in witchcraft and adultery. The methods used for punishment were very brutal and barbaric. The following are some of the most common forms of punishments used in those early days; Beheading This was a common practice in England where the heads off criminals would be completely cut off using swords or axes. Hanging The person to be hanged was forced to stand on top of a ladder and it would then be pulled off, leaving the criminal being strangled to death. Mutilation Mutilation was a common form of punishment in the early days. Mutilation involved cutting off, various parts of the body. This was very brutal as sometimes the person would be left handicapped. This was a traumatizing experience as a lot of people lost their lives. Canning The cane was also used as a form of punishment. It had been mostly used in educational facilities to instill discipline. In those early days teachers had been allowed to cane their students due to gross misconduct. It was however, abolished in most schools as teachers abused this form of punishment (Lyons 2008). Canning was not only used in educational facilities, as pretty criminals would also face the cane. Canning was done in front of a crowd of people to discourage them from committing the same crime. Others Crucifixion, banishment, stoning, slavery, prison, public executions, dungeons, lethal injection and hard labor were some of the other types of punishment methods used in ancient times ( Edge 2009). History of prison development Until the year 1700 prisons had not been in existence. People did not consider imprisonment as a severe punishment to teach criminals a lesson. Imprisonment was however, frequently used by countries such as France and England.. The Bastille in France and the Tower of England served as prisons for political detainees. Others who were imprisoned were the debtors. Their stay in these prisons was however short lived as they would be released once they had cleared their debts. In the 1970s people were up in arms against the other brutal punishments that were being used. There had previously existed correction houses which had been used to instill discipline among the criminals in the society, these facilities were considered to be the most effective way to bring about change amongst criminals. However, these prisons were facing various issues. Poor sanitation proved to be among the issues bedeviling these institutions. Gender and other considerations had not been carefully looked at, when these institutions were being set up (Lyons 2008). Comparison of the Pennsylvania system and the auburn system It was in the 18 th century that governments saw the need of overhaul the old prison
Introduction The territory of the UK is rich in numerous valuable archaeological sites. For instance, archaeologists have discovered and explored loads of areas with finds dating back to the Neolithic period. Crickley Hill, Belas Knap and Nympsfield Long Barrow are sites which can reveal secrets of this period as well as later periods of the development of the human society. Crickley Hill The first site to be considered is Crickley Hill. The site is situated in Gloucestershire, and the settlement dates back to ca. 7-6 th century BC (Adams 16). The excavation started in the late 1960s at the site and lasted from 1970s to 1990s (Darvill 59). It is found that the territory was inhabited in the period between 4000 BC and 500 AD (Harding 84). The settlements were Neolithic, Iron Age and Post Roman. The site has great archaeological value as it helps understand the way human society developed in this part of the world. Belas Knap Belas Knap is another amazing archaeological site which sheds light on the Neolithic period. The site is situated in Gloucestershire as well, but the site became known to researchers much earlier than the previous one as the excavations started in the 1860s (Knusel & Smith 115). This site dates back to 3000 BC, and it is a complex of four chambers (Daniel 74). It is regarded as one of the best burial chambers in England (North 121). It is also associated with Druidism as the outline of the chamber is similar to other burial chambers arranged by druids (Kendrick 165). Admittedly, this site has been explored extensively, and it seems there can be no questions. However, it is also clear that the site can reveal much more secrets concerning the life in the Neolithic and Iron Age periods. The site is also remarkable as it sheds light on one of the most questionable religious practices in the history of humanity. Nympsfield Long Barrow Nympsfield Long Barrow is one more valuable archaeological site. This burial site is located in Gloucestershire, and it also has several chambers (Hooke 47). There were three major excavations which took place in 1862, 1937 and in 1974 (Colledge et al. 319). This burial complex dates back to 2800 BC. It is also quite big, and it could be arranged for thirty corpses, and those people were buried in accordance with the beliefs of the Neolithic period (Bingham 3). Like in any other set of burial chambers, there were weapons, tools and other objects which could be necessary for those people’s afterlife. Conclusion To sum up, it is possible to note that the three archaeological sites considered above have a great historical and cultural value as they help people unveil secrets of previous generations. Analysis of the construction and objects found in the site has helped researchers learn about life in such periods as Neolithic, Iron Age and Post Roman. These sites should be some of the first stops of a novice archaeologist as they tell the story of the earliest settlements and cultures. This is the basis of the further development of human society in the area. These sit
Introduction The current changes in the sphere of management and organizational life have increased the necessity for leaders to develop their skills, become better learners, and be better leaders (Leonard & Lang 2010). The researchers have proven the fact that many organizations have already faced the challenges connected with the inabilities to find enough time and resources to increase and develop the skills of their leaders in a proper way (Linsky & Heifetz 2002; Lojeski 2010). The 21st century creates the necessity to improve or even learn a line of new skills and competencies with the help of which leaders may continue performing their functions at a high level. One of the main reasons why leaders should think about re-evaluating their abilities is the presence of a high rating of leadership failures. More than 40% of new leaders are not able to pass their first 18-month trial periods and do not know what they have to do during their promotion. Still, this data is not stable, and more dramatic changes can be observed. The representatives of Challenger, Gray, & Christmas Inc., one of the well-known American career transitioning organizations, inform that CEO ratings have double failed from 1999 and 2004 and again in 2005 (Marquardt et al. 2009). Main body In a short period, leaders have faced the challenge to meet more leadership requirements. The leaders of past generations dealt with a less challenging environment and completed their duties on rather attractive terms. At the beginning of the 1990s, many organizations came to the conclusion that it was not enough for leaders to complete their ordinary duties. It was necessary for leaders to become better learners in order to promote personal success and the success of their companies (Leonard & Lang 2010). Ward (1997) conducted a survey in the context of family business leadership and clarified that poorly developed leadership skills turned out to be of one the threats that decrease the success of the family business. Even the next-generation leaders, who believe that they are properly prepared and have the required number of professional skills, cannot be easily engaged with the work of their companies in a short period of time (Handler 1992; Morris et al. 1997; Sharma & Inving 2005). Much attention is paid to the conditions under which family business can be developed and perform a crucial role in promoting family culture and organizational performance (Bjornberg & Nicholson 2007). Family-owing organizations have to deal with the requirements that are crucial for the transi
Usually, the delusional disorder manifests itself in a person’s specific behavior. People sometimes declare unique and unusual things that they believe, even though to others they seem silly. Such people are influenced by society and may be overly trusting, which nevertheless does not invalidate their beliefs. The disease is divided into several types, according to the DSM-5. Each type is characterized by specific behavior, depending on whom psychotherapy is conducted. The Erotomanic type is characterized by the person’s belief that the celebrity has a romantic interest (Nevid, Rathus & Greene, 2020). The person’s beliefs display grandiose about their high importance and power compared to others. The jealous type is prevalent in unstable couples in which one partner is too suspicious of the other. Based on this, marriages often fall apart because the partners cannot agree. Persecutory is the most common type in which people are haunted by an obsessive sense of surveillance or stalking. People complain to law enforcement, express constant anxiety, and experience anxiety. The somatic disorder often occurs when some injuries or circumstances cause the person to worry too much about their health. The etiology of the disorder remains incompletely known. Delusional disorder is not an early stage of schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder, as longitudinal observations of patients have not revealed a further change in the diagnosis of chronic delirium. However, biochemical abnormalities are due to abnormalities in the brain in which proper transmission of neurotransmitters is impossible (González-Rodríguez, et al., 2020). Genetic factors are not fully understood, but no direct correlation with schizophrenia has been found. The social aspect is thought to play a determining role in causing self-consciousness failures (Goodwin, et al., 2020). Causes include low social status, marital dissolution, child loss, frequent illness, and alcohol or drug use. The diagnosis of delusional disorder is performed comprehensively: physical and psychological examinations are equally important. Medical tests help establish the absence of apparent biological abnormalities and rule out some diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s or epilepsy). Consultation with a psychologist gives insight into the frequency of delusions, the presence of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, etc. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). After the conclusion of all data according to ICD-10 and DSM-5, a diagnosis is made, and a referral for treatment is completed. Psychotherapy serves as the primary means of treatment since pharmaceutical support alone does not demonstrate results. The psychotherapist presents the person with an accessible environment where it is possible to develop the correct beh
Introduction Background The Netherlands is one of the countries with the best water supply in the world (Gunawansa & Bhullar 2013). The country also enjoys very high levels of water quality and accessibility for both urban and rural dwellers. According to a report by Hegger et al. (2010), Northern Europe enjoys a stable supply of clean water because of infrastructural developments. Following the end of the Second World War, many people started migrating from rural to urban centres in most parts of Europe. Leeuwen (2013) says that currently, over 70% of Northern Europeans stay in urban centres. The expanding population of urban dwellers has increased the demand for water in these settings. The trends in water use and consumption are also changing. Although the consumption of water has been stabilized at an average of 125 litres per person in a day since the mid-1990s, the changing lifestyle in the 21 st century is putting more pressure on available water resources. Many countries in Northern Europe such as the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Finland currently do not face serious challenges when it comes to the water supply. However, new consumption trends may pose a serious threat to the sustainability of the water supply. As Brown et al. (2015) say, water is becoming a scarce commodity, and its increasing relevance in socio-economic development is likely to put a further strain on its availability. The focus of this paper is to explore trends in water supply and consumption with the aim of proposing ways of improving sustainability in water use. The study will also explore ways in which technology can be used to increase water supply. According to Leeuwen (2013), countries such as Israel and the United Arab Emirates, which have scarce clean water sources, are currently using emerging technologies to desalinate seawater to help meet local demand. The current trends show that technology is going to play a critical role in enhancing sustainable water supply in the near future. Research Questions Clean water is one of the most important resources, and stakeholders within the country should appreciate the need to use it sustainably for current and future generations (O’Riordan, Sandford & Harford 2015). The following research questions guided this study in finding ways of enhancing sustainable water use:  1. How can water trends be managed in more sustainable ways at a time when water use is increasing?  2. How can emerging techno
The debate about violence and indecency in pop culture within and outside of the scholarly community has been raging for several decades. On the one hand, the American Psychological Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics have issued notes directly linking media violence to aggression (Ferguson and Beresin 70). On the other hand, research on the matter is inconclusive showing that the correlation between violence and aggression varies from null to weak (Ferguson and Beresin 70). The situation with indecency is also hard to evaluate since it is unclear where freedom of speech ends and impropriety starts. To make the situation clear, it is vital to examine violence and indecency separately. There is no scientific evidence that the representation of violence is pushing boundaries (Ferguson and Beresin 75). Even though exposure to cruelty and brutality is growing due to the increased number of media sources, it neither seems to affect the psychological health of the population nor does it reinforce new societal ideas of what is appropriate. However, caution in the matter is suggested since the younger population is prone to the “copycat phenomenon.” Therefore, violence in the media is to be controlled, as the copycat effect is greater “when there is extensive media coverage and detailed descriptions and if the event is glamorized or sensationalized” (Ferguson and Beresin 72). Additionally, research methods in the matter are open to criticism. The situation differs from indecency in the media since the research on the phenomenon is scarce. While there is no specific information on the matter, the older generation strongly believes that vulgarity of the pop culture is pushing boundaries. This may be explained by moral panic theory, which claims that such an opinion has no rational basis behind it. However, the copycat effect may come in place, and the moral standards of the younger generation may lower due to the indecency exposed by pop culture. Work Cited Ferguson, Christopher, and Eugene Beresin. “Social Science’s Curious War with Pop Culture and How It Was Lost: The Media Violence Debate and the Risks It Holds for Social Science.” Preventive Medicine, vol. 99, 2017, pp. 69-76.
More Detailed Information on the Points The Military Junta Ceased the Control over the Country in 1962 After the declaration of independence, Burma became a democratic country. The nation faced major issues any other country in the region had to solve. The government was unable to solve economic and social problems, and the Burmese people were unsatisfied. In 1960, the government led by U Nu asked Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, Ne Win, to use the military force to address the social unrest (Egreteau & Jagan 2013). In 1962, Ne Win seized power in a military coup d’état. It is necessary to add that the public had a specific idea on the military as people believed the military could rule the country as they had the authority and the necessary instruments. The Rule of the Revolutionary Council in 1962-1974 After the military had ceased power, the Union Revolutionary Council was established. This governing body was in power from 1962 to 1974 (Fink 2009). The Revolutionary Council was mainly governed by Ne Win and his supporters. The regime introduced strict regulations, and any protests were suppressed. This strong oppression made people understand the danger of military rule. The regime chose planned economy and strict control over all aspects of people’s lives. This resulted in the almost destroyed economy and a great rate of poor people. Major Protests During the military rule, several major protests took place. The student protest in 1962 ended in the death of 15 students, but the military held the power. Anti-government protests also took place in 1974, 1975, 1977, and in the late 1980s, but they all were suppressed (Topich & Leitich 2013). The government jailed the most active protestors and people who fought for civil rights. Interestingly, monks played an important role in anti-government protests (Keys 2010). The adoption of the constitution in 1974 The social unrest, economic issues and the increasing number of protests made the military regime show their readiness to create a democratic state. The referendum held in 1973 showed people’s desire to have the constitution. The constitution was enacted in 1974. Major civil rights were declared. It also ensured the balance of power through the existence of the judicial, legislative and executive powers. However, the strict control over all aspects of people’s lives was still in place. The constitution was a way to hide the true rulers, the military. It was not democracy, but the constitutional dictatorship (Devi 2014). The NLD Wins the Elections, but the Results Are Ignored in 1990 Clearly, the introduction of the constitution without important changes had no effect, and the country still faced major economic and social issues. The protests became more frequent and more violent. More and more people were ready to resist the power of the military. The regime decided to hold elections to show people that the country is really democratic (Bandow 2011). In 1990, the National League for Democracy won the elections as it got 80% of the seats. However, the ruling regime ignored the results