ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Divorce Rate in Modern Family Institution Nowadays, experts in social sciences, traditional and new media argue that one of the main issues of a family institution, not only in the United States (US) but globally, is a high divorce rate. Conservatives and right-wing ideologists argue that this is a sign of the family institution’s decline and crisis. Progressives and leftists say that it is one of the side effects of significant social change that are now taking place in a global society. Researchers claim that the currently known divorce rate is “3.2 per 1,000 population” (“Divorce statistics”). The US ranks fourth in the list of countries in terms of divorce rate. Consequently, the question arises as to why one of the family members decides to divorce their spouse. Five Major Reasons for Divorce It is no secret that each family is unique and different from the other. Therefore, there are many prerequisites and reasons why one or both parties eventually decide to divorce. Experts and researchers have identified several factors leading to it. These are lack of commitment, frequent arguments, adultery, and marriage at a young age, unfulfilled or unrealistic expectations (“Divorce statistics”). It is noteworthy that there are other reasons such as inequality in relationships, an ill-conceived decision to marry, and domestic abuse or violence (“Divorce statistics”). These are scientifically proven main drivers in one or both parties’ decision to divorce. A Ray of Hope for the Family Institution The above mentioned facts might give the impression that the state of the modern family institution is tragic. However, there is a growing positive trend associated with millennials, according to recent research. Researchers note that “millennials are choosing to wait longer to get married and stay married longer and are the main driver in the decline of both the marriage and divorce rate in the US” ( “Divorce statistics “). It needs to be mentioned that the number of marriages is decreasing as well. Sociologists will only be able to draw concrete conclusions after more millennials reach the average age of marriage. Media Hysteria around Divorce Rate Over the past decade, hysteria has been created around the divorce rate by Western media. According to Ames, “divorces have risen at their sharpest rate in almost 50 years.” What is more shocking is that divorce rate data has been misinterpreted. The truth is that most journalists
Introduction This persuasive speech purposes at persuading my esteemed audience that it is extremely easy to acquire steroids. It is necessary that measures are taken to avoid nonmedical use. In my view, utilising steroids is an underestimation to the natural talent, and an abuse as well. It is worth pointing out that steroids are permitted as regulated substances, easily accessible to the public, and still unacceptable according to the law (Stocco and Barbara, 230). Therefore, there is a need to forbid the use of steroids when not prescribed medically. Teens are the major age group who misuse steroids, purposely for getting to an edge. Basically, steroids are used in all arenas; professional sports as well as secondary schools. It is worth noting that although they bear no side effects, they bring about grave medical complications (Murphy, 780). The integrity of players is terribly ruined if they use steroids. Body Thesis Statement- Steroids utilization in sports damages the view and trustworthiness of the players According to evidence given by Alex Rodriguez in the year 2009, there are several players who have tested positive to steroid use. This evidence negatively affected their image and home run awards. In the contemporary world, people engaged in professional sports owing to their innate abilities. However, the current world feels cheated and do not rely on these athletes any longer. Transition Statement Professional sport players who use steroids end up ruining their image. Thesis Statement – The use of steroids is necessary for athletes’ recovery. For instance, steroid use quickens recovery after surgery This argument that athletes require supervised drugs may be true. However, it is extremely easy to obtain steroids for non- medical use. Steroids can be obtained easily over the internet, and used for non- medical purposes (Kincl and Iedel, 683). The acquisition of steroids is usually unregulated. Any person, if willing, can acquire steroids from the various internet websites. Some examples of these websites include buyonlinesteroids.com and ibuysteroids.com (Wingfield and Donald, 320). There are numerous side effects associated with the use of steroids. Extreme side effects include cancer and heart failure. Transition Statement Having considered how steroids are linked to image, ease of accessibility, and the side impacts, there is a need to assess their practical utilization and how lives are influenced. Thesis Statement – The use of steroids among the teenagers has in
Gun control and gun policies have always been a topic of numerous heated debates across the United States. The roots of the given issue lie in the Second Amendment, which is a lawful right of every American citizen to possess and use a firearm in the USA. Although damaging and criminal gun use is punishable by the justice system, the Stand Your Ground Law enables citizens to use deadly force firearms in order to protect themselves without any necessity to flee from the situation. This law is a part of defensive gun use (DGU), which has led to numerous incidents with fatal outcomes (Murray, 2014). For example, Kay Dickinson case is a perfect illustration of defensive gun use, which resulted in oppressor being killed in North Carolina. WWAY reported that “Dickinson had just gotten off work and was going into her apartment at Colonial Parke when she was attacked” (Hawkins, 2014). The suspect used physical force to beat and humiliate the victim; however, she was able to set herself free and use a gun. The given incident clearly shows how gun laws that allow gun possession and defensive use can be life-saving under certain circumstances. Another representative incident happened on January 12th, 2017, when a gun permit holder able to use a firearm against a suspect. Arizona State Trooper was seen being beaten by a suspect, who had shot Trooper for more comfortable humiliation. According to Breitbart “The permit holder ordered the attacker to stop, then shot him dead after he refused to comply” (Hawkins, 2014). The situation is an illustration of Stand Your Grown Law due to the fact that the permit holder preliminarily warned a suspect, but an oppressor refused to stop humiliating the victim. After the permit holder found out that the suspect possessed a gun, he used deadly force to take his life. Nevertheless, the Stand Your Ground Law can pose itself as a dangerous tool to legally murder potential victims. The main problem lies in the lack of necessity of escaping the situation of danger; therefore, it encourages to promote the lethal use of guns. However, the benefits of the law outweigh the negative ramifications due to the safety measures allowed for gun holders (Murray, 2014). The opposite would be true if guns were not permitted and the Second Amendment did not exist. There numerous cases where defensive gun use was shown to be highly useful against thieves, burglars, and mobsters. Finally, I feel much safer under the Stand Your Ground Law due to the encouragement of self-defense against criminals. Illegal gun holders are going to exist regardless of defensive gun use law changes, therefore allowing to both possess and use the deadly force against potential oppressors brings a great deal of safety. In addition, the Stand Your Ground Law will make future offenders more restrained and less eager to use a firearm because the victim can be highly dangerous with a gun (Murray, 2014). Therefore, the risk and reward factors will shift the motivation of an oppressor to avoid committing a crime due to increased hazard levels. Last
Introduction In musical terms, the word key is used in many varied and sometimes conflicting ways. Music is often described by specifying its key, for example, we may refer to a piece of musical composition as being in the key of C or F-sharp, additional information such as ‘major’ or ‘minor’ may at times be added. An example of this is when we refer to an arrangement to be in the key of A-minor or B-flat major. Therefore, the notion of key can be a very complex topic when examined closely, generally speaking, a composition described as in the key of C implies that C is the composition’s harmonic center or tonic, the letter name C refers to all pitches with the letter name C, also referred to as a pitch class. The inclusion of the terms ‘major’ or ‘minor’ means that either a major or minor scale has been used. In the same way, a composition in the key of E is one which is harmonically concentrated on note E and utilizes a major scale whose first note is E. As a composition makes use of 12 major and minor scales, there are 12 major and 12 minor keys, bringing the maximum number of keys that can be used to 24. Three of the 24 keys can be named in two different ways, using sharp note names and flat note names, leading to 15 distinct major key spellings. For example, the keys of Gb major and F# have identical notes, Gb is spelled using flat note names (Gb, Ab, Bb, Cb, Db, Eb and F) while F# is spelled using sharp note names (F#, G#, A#, B, C#, D#, and E#). The spelling system also applies to minor keys, bringing to 30 the different ways of spelling the 24 keys 1 2 . Objective The objective of the paper is to discuss the key that arise in the composition of an arrangement using historical examples involving stringed instruments and my own experience. In addition, the paper explores the various ways of achieving different keys on an arrangement based on string instruments. Discussion Stringed musical instruments have the highest number of players, going as many as 60. An explanation for this is that the more the strings used, the richer the sound produced and this can blend well with other instruments in a composition. Traditionally, the selection of an initial key in a composition of an arrangement must take into consideration the type of instrument to accompany the arrangement. Most composers assert that the keys of D major and G major are the most string-friendly keys, hence players are able to use open strings and pluck with typically greater resonant and less tense lower positions than can be done in other keys. For example, a violin is tuned to the keys of G, D, A, and E and an upcoming violinist must first learn the pieces in these keys. It is therefore important that composers (arrangers and ensembl
Abstract The Strategic Planning Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation was willing to understand the real role of desk officers for the organization and define their potential. It also was highly concerned about the motivation of these professionals and their support. The research was conducted to reveal this information. It consisted of three main parts: literature review, interview, and benchmarking. Local ministries within the UAE as well as foreign ones were approached. It was found that directors and professionals have similar but not identical views regarding the desk officers’ range of duties and roles in the organization. Moreover, the ways in which support is provided and in which desk officers are willing to receive it differ greatly. The existence of such discrepancies led to the development of two proposals. It was considered that desk officers should be responsible for gathering and analyzing the most relevant information about the country they are responsible for, communication with other professionals, cooperation with the ambassadors, and work on different policies and projects, taking part in diplomatic missions, and preparing reports. In an attempt to support desk officers, the seniors should provide monetary remuneration, praise desk officers, thank them by name, promote the, or give bonuses. This paper can be used by the MoFAIC as well as foreign ministries and embassies for the creation of new guidelines for future desk officers and improvement of employee motivation. Introduction Today desk officers are believed to have an enormous effect on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MoFAIC) as their actions direct its operations and determine its future. Realizing this influence and its possible outcomes, the MoFAIC developed a vision that focuses on turning desk officers into outstanding professionals who are flawless within their line of work, both within and without the Ministry as well as foreign and domestic embassies. Still, this aim can be achieved only after getting to know the current state of desk officers and defining possible alternatives that can alter the situation and make these professionals more ambitious and motivated. In order to receive all the needed information, the Strategic Planning Department (SPD) of the MoFAIC interacted with the students of the Emirates Diplomatic Academy (EDA), whose capstone project focused on this issue. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the current role of desk officers within the MoFAIC to define the potential for making them more efficient and to understand what their role should include. In this paper, a concept of desk officer will presuppose a person that specializes in the country profile and has related knowledge and expertise within that country (Höök, Benyon, ‎& Munro, 2012). These professionals are the political officers that
This paper entails a discussion of the distribution of organisms. There are various ways in which organisms are distributed in the area they live in. Such forms of distribution are affected by the various ways of feeding, life, reproduction among others. The common ways are random distribution, uniform distribution and clumped form of distribution. It is common to find uniform distribution among plants and animals. In animals, it is so because of the territorial nature of habitats and plants due to competition. Other organisms clump together due to such factors as landscape or habitats. Social groups among animals also form them to clump like it is evident in birds and fish. The essence of this paper was due to the interesting nature of the way organisms are distributed. The paper will analyze the distribution of Euclea divinorum. The paper will study the dispersion and distribution of the tree and the shrub types of Euclea divinorum. It will start with a description of the study plot which will be used to carry out the study followed by a diagram which shows how the organisms are distributed and the pattern in which the organisms follow. Euclea divinorum Euclea divinorum is a shrub or a thorn tree which mostly grows in alluvial soils and also in brackish flats. They intermingle with other tree species. It has grey stems which are bare and the branches grow upwards forming a very green canopy. When the trees are young the bark of the stem is smooth and becomes course in older ones. The tree is kn
Introduction Strategic management is a complex and creative activity of a company, as well as involved stakeholders, which is aimed at the development of long-term guidelines in the formation of competitive advantages and ways of their implementation in a specific environment. According to Balogun, Jarzabkowski and Seidl (2007), the definition of strategy as practice (SAP) is as follows: “our central research interest focuses on explaining who strategists are, what they do and why and how that is consequential in socially accomplishing strategic activity” (p. 19). This essay will focus on discussing this statement in terms of the pluralistic nature of SAP and its feasibility. Strategy as Practice: Nature and Perspectives Strategy as practice can be analysed through a 3P framework, including praxis, practices and practitioners. Praxis refers to a strategic activity and its relationships within social, institutional and organisational environments. The concept of practices can be understood as instruments, methods and procedures that are applied during strategizing, while various actors, such as CEOs, directors or consultants are practitioners (Johnson et al., 2016). For example, Apple’s praxis is to provide high-quality gadgets to build strong relationships with customers (practices) through managers, leaders, and CEOs. The literature on SAP integrates various perspectives on the implementation of SAP, providing insights on its roles and impacts. For example, the study by Dahl, Kock and Lundgren-Henriksson (2016) focuses on conceptualising cooperation and underline SAP’s deliberate and dynamic nature. The mentioned authors state that organisational performance can be directly affected by practices, which is one of the key benefits. More to the point, consistent with Porter, Dahl, Kock and Lundgren-Henriksson (2016) conclude that all the individuals involved in SAP play an essential role in its implementation. The interactions between practitioners are of a social nature, which prioritises cooperation and competitiveness. Another perspective of SAP as a metaphor is provided by Mueller (2018), who examines Goffman’s work in the field of sociology and strategic management. While the fundamentals of SAP were extensively developed by Whittington, Goffman distinguishes between strategy praxis performance, where the credibility and competence of practitioners largely determine the outcomes (Silva & Goncalves, 2016). According to Mueller (2018), “‘organisations’ and ‘positions’ are thing-like in their solidity only because they are continuously and repeatedly enacted in a series of micro-situations” (p. 16). In this connection, the concept of strategising a
The era between 1880 and 1920 described the era when the European settlers realized about the extensive civilization in North America. There were thirteen colonies, which include Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland and many others. The Britain ruled their empire and the American colonies under mercantilism economic theory. The process of enforcing this system resulted to the American Revolution. As H.W. Brands noted, this period served as a reckless decade filled with tension, problems, and calls for resolution. During this period, the Populist Party drove the impulse for political, social, and economic reforms. The dramatic move in 1892 for reformation by the Populist Party platform at Omaha summarized the agenda of the union of farmers, small businesspersons, and reformist leaders with the impetus for change with a view to reclaim the freedom of the Natives. The religion proclaimed by the Natives had great diversity resulting from isolation of tribes that existed across North America. This increased the growth of various beliefs and practices among many tribes. Most of the Native Americans believed in supernatural being who were omnipresent, invisible and three life crises, which include death, puberty and birth. Natives’ spirituality involves an emphasis on personal spirituality that connects with personal life, natural and spiritual world. The source of misunderstanding came because of the Natives’ personal and practical religion, rather than exhibiting tendencies of institutionalized forms of religion. Federal mandates restricted the freedom of religion among the Native people, which included the American Indian Religious Freedom Act. This provided protection for tribal culture and other traditional religious rights. The Natives could not access sacred sites or worship through traditional ceremonies. They were also restricted to use or possess sacred objects as used by the Eskimos, Native Hawaiians or American Indians. The other federal law includes the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. This Act required federal agencies and institutions that received federal funds to return their cultural items and humans remains to their individual natives. These items include sacred and cultural patrimony objects. The Religious Freedom Restoration Act also restricted the Native Americans from their religious exercise. This was due to the constraints put on exercising their religious practices as federal law gave relief from government burdens. The Natives experienced forced mechanisms aimed at making them to join Christian boarding schools to worship as Christians. For 30 years, the Natives and their spiritual leaders were restricted from practicing their rituals. The other law was the eagle feather law, which inputted charges on religious discrimination among the Natives. It als
Introduction The quality of LMX (leader-member exchange) has the repercussions of affecting the workers in terms of productivity, ethics, perceptions and satisfaction. The followers have tendencies to respond to the trust portrayed towards them by the leaders during the exchange process. The reciprocations anticipated from the subjects include different performance levels and depiction of certain ‘citizenship behaviors.’ Evidently, leaders on one hand establish social exchanges which are of high quality to some segregated members of the followers while on the other hand, portray economic exchanges which are of low quality toward others. In most of the times, the economic exchanges hardly go beyond employment contracts. To maintain cute LMX relationship, certain obligations are laid on the leader. The leader must pay an ardent attention to feelings of the various group members forming his/her followers, appreciate and respond to the feelings of the subjects and depend for the better part, on methods of influence that are time consuming for instance consultation and persuasion. Most discouraged is deployment of provocative authority or coercive ways to get things done. This way the leaders enhances establishment of hiked exchange relationships, which are often desired by the subjects. Examples of such exchange relationships include assignment of desirable tasks, facilitation of information sharing, conferring special favors and authority without negating responsibility delegation among others. The followers in turn are anticipated to have considerable loyalty to the leader with the autonomy so conferred translating into hard work and commitment to various assigned duties. Three stage process for developing positive LMX relation The process of developing positive LMX relation embraces three stages. In the first stage, followers and the leader behave themselves as if they were strangers. Tests between the two parties are conducted aimed at determining what code of behaviors is worth and acceptable. So far, determined relationships undergo negotiations in an informal way between the leader and each of the followers. Activities such as self promotion with an attempt to bring out dependability and competency traits, ingratiation in an effort to make one appear appreciative, respectful and supportive and impressions management are essential constituents of the first stage. In the second stage, followers and the leaders become more acquainted with each other. The refinement of the roles they expect together takes place alongside with attempts to develop loyalty, respect and mutual trust between each other. Finally at stage three, the enumerated roles attains the level of maturity, exchanges engulfed in the cloud of self interest enters transformation to mutual subscriptions to uphold objectives, goals and missions of predetermined job units. Leaders I have worked with The many leaders, I have