ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The latter topic “How gender stereotypes affect performance in female weightlifting” was chosen because it offers an in depth analysis of one of the major impediments to success in female sports i.e. gender identity. Body building or weightlifting was selected because it embodies the contradictions and tensions faced by women engaging in a male dominated sport especially since sporting activities tend to alter their physique. It will be insightful to find out how these struggles affect their performances and whether it prevents them from tapping their full potential within their chosen field. Analysis of articles to be used in the analysis paper In the book “Gender a social reader”, it is asserted that the female body has distinct cultural connotations associated with it. For example, most women have preference for an hourglass figure or one that possesses round hips and breasts; all symbols of fertility. (Jackson and Scott, 2002). Through these assertions, it can be seen that an intensely muscled body or one that resembles the v-shape is synonymous to the male. In fact, even excessive muscles on males are treated with suspicion. This could be the reason why female bodybuilders are judged very harshly by society. However, the extent to which this judgment is reflected on their performance will be assessed subsequently in the Issue Analysis paper. In ‘Pumping steel 2’ (a film that one can use as a case study on how gender identities affect performance amongst female body builders) some judges in a female bodybuilding contest decide to settle for a moderately mascularized female to become the ultimate champion as they feel that excessive muscularity is unfeminine. One can therefore see that this decision reflected common perceptions among several stakeholders in the weightlifting industry and that the same is likely to occur in the future. This deters exceptional performance from the females. Generally speaking, society considers the overly built female as a threat and that she needs to be ‘controlled’. The female body has often been a site of struggle from as early as weight building began. There is an ideal female form that women are supposed to conform to and those who fall outside this ideal image are often regarded as deviants – they may be denied chances of wining competitions thus making the sport rather confusing and their performances unpredictable. It is therefore likely that many women engaging in weight building do not know how far they can go because they are bogged down by two major constraints – safe femininity and aesthetic beauty. This was why the winner in ‘pumping steel’ had a very small waist, a highly proportional body, wore make up and was a smaller size. She was not the weightlifter who had engaged in the highest form of training, instead, she was the one who had some elements of traditional femininity such as make up and breasts. The latter film illustrates the level of unfairness in the sport. One would therefore be right to argue that women’s performance is drastically reduced owing to this gender stereotype of the ideal female. In th
Since its discovery, the internet has significantly transformed the way people interact and socialize. The twenty first century in particular has seen a dynamic shift in the way people communicate and meet other people. Popular social and interaction sites such as facebook, youtube, twitter, hi5, Yahoo personals, MSN dating, MySpace, tagged and matchmaker among several other websites have created an environment that boosts human interaction through providing a platform or interface that simplifies interaction. Apart from communication and meeting new people, the internet has also created a means to which single individuals willing to find a companion can meet. Match making services are a lucrative business available online and several couples have met through the internet and are contented with the outcome. Despite the ambiguity that is associated with the internet, testimonials from love seekers indicate that many individuals who have taken the risk of seeking a partner online have had rewarding long distance relationships. It is therefore imperative to understand the environment facilitated by the internet in order to comprehend the rate of success. Blogs Blogs are personalized web pages that allow individuals to communicate and have discussions over a given theme. Anyone can write a blog and this makes blogs diverse in substance and application especially in social interaction. The miscellany associated with blogs allows for diversification of portfolios as far as individuals are concerned (Boothman 1). Blogs facilitate the flexibility needed to handle a large number of individuals with different interests. For instance, blogs will allow for the convergence of specific groups of individuals that share a common interest (Culbreth 44). In reference to the dating scene, blogs will make it possible for individuals with specific tastes and preferences to meet through their exclusive blogs (Thompson 3). For example there are interracial dating blogs, blogs pertaining the dating for specific religions, professional singles blogs, over forty years dating blogs, same sex dating blogs, among others. Blogs are also highly regarded when an individual wishes to create their own profile for online social interaction. A profile is a self assessment of an individual, with reference to gender, age, physical attributes, academic achievements, professional status, taste and preferences (Boothman 1). Profiles are used to identify who that individual is both in personality and physically and it may contai
The book by Vincent Shen Wisdom in China and the West was written in participation with Qingsong Shen and Willard Gurdon Oxtoby. The book describes the comparative analysis of the wisdom and its implementation by people living in China and those being representatives of the West. The authors try to maintain the most budding questions for a reader to understand the grounds of the Chinese culture and religious framework. Its structural shaping considers the discussion from the very preface with specific terms ad explanations of Daoism and other philosophical and religious practices used by Chinese people. In fact, the book illustrates everything which of great significance for an individual to be aware of current flow of philosophical studies which are apparent practiced in China in contrast to what human beings usually do in the Western countries. The concept of wisdom in its fullness is concerned to be the solely major point of the discussion in the book. First of all, a reader should have a primordial mere extent of knowledge about the Chinese culture and its attitude to philosophy and wisdom. In this respect the authors from the very beginning and during the whole text of the book try to keep a strict eye of the reader on wisdom in its most known implementation. The language of the book is plain and with every case of some academic terms there is a direct explanation of it. This is why it is comprehensive for an ordinary reader, and the audience may vary in its knowledge background. The main contributor was greatly inspired to write this book after the conference held on November 21-22, 2002, in the Department of East Asian Studies, University of Toronto (1). The wisdom is a huge background of pure knowledge being checked in practice and grown on the basis of the religious approach. That is why the book consists of three groups of essays. It is vital that the authors analyze wisdom in Chinese tradition in its relation to other major domains of world’s religious thought and philosophy. Hence, in the first group of essays “Wisdom in Cross Reading” the main idea is related to the wisdom in Chinese tradition referred to the Western practices of Christianity, Judaism and other Western approaches. In the second part of the book called “Wisdom in Confucianism” the main points detached on the idea of Confucianism versus Chinese traditions. The last constituent part of the book reviews essays on the theme “Wisdom in Daoism, Buddhism and Religious Experience”, so that to work out the relation of the Chinese experience in terms of contemporary urge of people toward wisdom. I think that such content of the book is rather sequential and reliable for having an idea of the Chinese wisdom. Furthermore, it relies on the efforts of the authors “to bridge Chinese culture with Western culture on a deeper layer of philosophical thoughts” (1). Such initiative is seen throughout the book with academic research along with the history of wisdom development in the East and in the West. In such unity of different approach
According to John Macquarrie, theology should treat all religious beliefs as diverse. Theology aims at showing the coherence of Christianity. It should also encompass the doctrines of the different faiths in Christianity. This is necessary to promote positive relationships among different faiths practiced in the modern world. As John believes, there is need to integrate all Christian faiths with the entire range of human life. The only trick, therefore, is to exhibit the coherence of the Christianity faith. This paper explores how Robert Barron summarizes the theology of the Eucharist in accordance with John’s definition of theology. Summary of the Eucharist as Offered by Barron In only three chapters, Barron gives a detailed description and analysis of the Eucharist as an important practice in Catholic faith. In the first chapter, the author of the text considers the Eucharist as a special and sacred meal. The Eucharist has been a question of debate among Christian believers for many years. However, Barron explores the practice as an important rite for Catholics and other Christians. According to the author, believers should consider the Eucharist as a sacred meal that brings them together and remind them of Christ (Barron 28). The Eucharist, according to the author, is a Holy Communion. This means there is need for Christians to reenact the communion occasionally. This is necessary because Jesus instructed his followers to do so in his memory. It is agreeable that Christians and Catholics consider the Eucharist as a holy practice because it helps them remember Christ. According to Barron (29), the Eucharist is a holy meal for Catholics and other believers. Jesus asked his followers to practice the Eucharist in his memory. The Catholics believe that the elements of the Eucharist cease to be wine and leavened bread after consecration. Instead, they become the blood and body of Jesus respectively. They portray the divinity, faith and holiness that characterize Christ’s soul. The Catholics usually consecrate the wine and bread, something that portrays the separation of Christ’s blood from the body as it happens on the cross. The other important thing from the book by Barron is that Christians should treat the Eucharist as sacrifice. To support the argument, the author of the book states that the church should always consider the Eucharist as a special sacrifice. It is necessary for Catholics to assemble on Sabbath day to offer thanks and break bread. However, Christians should first confess all their sins before the practice. This is the only way to make their sacrifice pure. Those quarrelling should reconcile because the sacrifice of the Holy Communion meds to be holy. Barron views the Eucharist as an essential element of the Holy Mass, something that makes it a true sacrifice (Barron 58). On the cross, Christ offered himself wholly on the cross. This explains why Christians should offer themsel
The reflection aims to represent the crucial findings during the teaching experience. The lesson I have conducted took place in a k-grade class, the chosen discipline was Social sciences, and the topic was Economy. The lesson covered the aspects of people’s jobs, needs and wants, earnings and savings, and physical money forms. The conducted work received a positive feedback from the classroom teacher, who additionally consulted me on the future opportunities for improvement. The strengths of the lesson method were children’s engagement in the learning process and the curiosity provoked by the lesson activities. Along with the appealing studying approach, the children also appreciated the material itself, which became evident when the participants discussed the most remarkable pieces of knowledge from the lesson. The differentiated instructions were implemented to assist students with varying learning predicators to perceive the material and included group activities, personal interviewing, creative assignments, and role-playing. The approaches had a special impact on struggling students, as they were motivated by teamwork, and individual learners, as they succeeded at personal interviewing. The possible drawback and area for improvement are the lack of students’ cooperation, which was evident during the team job assignments, and the need for further differentiating. During the lesson, the students had several opportunities of mastering the material. Every piece of the activity was supported by control questions concerning the economic features. The assignments in a form of games, such as matching the corresponding items of needs and wants, jobs and responsibilities, and money attributes, provided students’ understanding and remembering during the learning process. The closure exercise on submitting the learned material and the efficacy assessment process later demonstrated that the target of the lesson was mostly met: 3/4 of the class, including 2 of 3 struggling students, mastered the material and provided consistent answers on the summarizing quiz, and all the students engaged in the common lesson activity. According to the classroom teacher’s recommendations, personal observations, and the conducted research, I found several aspects for improvement during the next lessons. One research showed that utilizing various approaches during the lesson causes a positive impact on the k-grades (Wilson, 2015). Another study suggests ordinary instructions are poorly designed and require innovation (Strachan, 2015), and the suggested read-alouds should improve the quality of the following lesson. Finally, while most of the efforts within the lesson plan supported the struggling children, there is a need to form a strategy for more successful children. As the study shows, the differentiation in the case of talented children requires interventions (Dijkstra, Walraven, Mooij, & Kirschner, 2016). The main further improvement should include learning differentiating for students wit
Beginning with the 4 th century BC, Afghanistan survived many invasions. It was occupied by Alexander the Great, Batrichian Greek, Persia and other countries (Fletcher and Cruickshank 649). So, it is no wonder that the country absorbed the elements of culture of its invaders and transformed them in its architectural buildings. The Islamic architecture is famous for its mosques that are considered to be the brightest representatives of the art and architecture of the Islamic world. “The mosque is a central point of Afghanistan architecture. Afghan Islamic Architecture really began to take off in the 10th and 11th centuries, with the rule of Ghaznavids” (Clammer 55). However, there were ancient cities as Balkh, for example, that preserved the earliest unique monuments that were built in 8 th and 9 th centuries. Some of these monuments still exist and considered to be the masterpieces of the world architectural heritage. One of such mosques is the Masjid – i – Nuh Gunbad at Balkh. It probably was the first mosque of its kind that put a beginning to new traditions in Islamic architecture and design. It has an unusual plan, unique design and great history. This mosque is one of the most important monuments and that is why, UNESCO included it in its mosques restoration program. “Afghanistan buildings have harnessed the vitality of the Central Asian steppe to the refinement of Persian culture to produce in its mosques and minarets” (Clammer 55). Balkh is one of the cities that preserve these historical monuments that date back to the ancient times. It is a town situated in the North of Afghanistan. Warwick writes that it was known to the early Arab geographers as the “mother of all cities” (10). It used to be a Buddhist center and in the eighth century, it became Islamic. A bit later, it became a cultural and learning center. Many renowned people got their education in this town. In the thirteenth century, like many other towns of Afghanistan, Balkh was destroyed by the army of Ghengis Khan. However, the majority of monuments remained untouched. Among them are the Mosque Anah and Masjid – i – Nuh Gunbad. Today, apart from those mosques, the city can be proud of its famous sight, such as the madrasa of Sayed Subhan Quli Khan, Tap-e Rustam and Takht-e Rustam, mosque of Khwaja Nasr Parsa and others. Mosques are numerous in Afghanistan. These are religious buildings. They may be of two kinds, big ones for Friday ceremonies and small ones for daily prayers. During centuries, the design and style of mosques were changing. The first mosques were hypostyle
Description of Proposed Research Accessibility is a term designating the proximity of one place to another, which indicates whether it is easy for citizens to reach their destination using the available transportation system (Alhowaish 2015). This factor plays a crucial role in the future development of the spatial organization since it directly determines how public facilities are going to be located to increase their usability to maximum (Youssef, Al-Kathery & Pradhan 2015). If amenities are made accessible, they enhance social interaction and cohesion as more people can use them (El-Awady 2016). Since Saudi Arabia is a developing state, the old traditional settlements and regions are found side by side with modern pieces of infrastructure. That is why it is important to ensure that these facilities will be accessible to the intended audience (El-Awady 2016). This aligns with Saudi Vision 2030–a plan to free the country from its heavy reliance on oil and to diversify the economy. These goals can be achieved only through the development of the public sector, including infrastructure, tourism, and recreation. The accessibility of public facilities can be analyzed using GIS technology. The analysis is based on the measurement of the distance between the indicated areas and citizens they are intended to serve (Ishimatsu et al. 2017). The scope of the research at hand is rather broad since it will cover the patterns of accessibility in the whole country and make generalizations as per the perspectives of the future growth, population distribution, housing shortage, environmental problems, and other related factors in Saudi Arabia. Also, it is expected that the research will come out with an adequate evaluation of the centroid urban form expansion. This means that the results of the study will help develop an alternative, more effective model of the urban infrastructure in Saudi Arabia that would take into account all the above-mentioned issues. The current system is challenged with limited agricultural land, sea-level rise, loss of wildlife habitat (owing to urbanization processes), and the inability to meet the housing needs of the growing population (Alhowaish 2015). The specific aspect that the study will concentrate upon is the relationship between geographical and social factors as per their impact on accessibility. Consequently, it will make it possible to elaborate on a region-specific plan based upon the distribution of the influence of these two factors. The research thereby is going to bridge the existing literature gap as natural and social factors were studied in separation, which did not allow shaping a holistic picture. The key research question that the study aims to answer is: “Can we eliminate accessibility problems of the urban sector
Introduction H1N1 is the source of numerous health care controversies. This is particularly the case of vaccination and vaccine allocation, since vaccine shortages may cause long-term effects on public health and increase the risks of H1N1 pandemics. It goes without saying that today’s legal mechanisms of vaccine allocation are far from perfect. Health care officials must be particularly creative in the development of vaccine allocation strategies. Declaring a Public Health emergency may aid health care organizations in achieving the highest penetration of influenza vaccines into the greatest number of high-risk persons. The Department of Health may also allow the existing private sector distribution methods to address the pandemic influenza vaccination needs of the community. Neither of the proposed solutions is entirely satisfactory. Yet, in the absence of viable legal mechanisms of vaccine allocation, declaring a Public Health emergency can give the Department of Health a strong advantage in its fight against the risks of H1N1 pandemics. H1N1 Flu: A Brief Background H1N1 has become a distinctive feature of the global health reality. H1N1 no longer frightens anyone, although its effects on public health are profound and multifaceted. Also called “swine flu”, H1N1 is a relatively new type of influenza, first detected in 2009 in the United States (Ohio Health). The virus spreads like other types of influenza, from person to person (Ohio Health). Severe illness is uncommon, although possible (Ohio Health). That individuals with H1N1 can infect others up to 7 days after getting sick is the most threatening factor of the disease (Ohio Health). Statistically, younger individuals are more susceptible to the risks of H1N1 than older populations (Louie et al 1896). 40% of all H1N1 cases occur in adolescents (Louie et al 1986). Almost all individuals younger than 50 years are at risk for H1N1 (Louie et al 1896). The main risk factors for H1N1 complications include immunosuppression, lung disease, and pregnancy (Louie et al 1986). These high-risk populations demand particular medical attention. Vaccination can give them a chance to avoid the infection or at least reduce the risks of H1N1 complications. H1N1 vaccines must target pregnant women, individuals with lung disease and immunosuppression, as well as those younger than 18 years old. H1N1: Devising a vaccination strategy Today’s mechanisms of vaccine allocation are imperfect. At times of emergency and vaccine shortages, all health care policies and department decisions must aim at (1) assessing the local supply of vaccine; (2) assessing the number of high-risk members of the community and assessing the demand for vaccines; and (3) “ensuring that to the greatest extent, the limited local supply of vaccine is used exclusively by those at highest risk within the local jurisdiction” (Iton 350). This is possible by either declaring a Public Health emergency or giving health care providers a carte blanche i