ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Hurricane Katrina is considered one of the worst calamities in the history of the United States. The storm caused more than 1800 deaths on the Gulf Coast in New Orleans and resulted in an estimated loss of $161 billion in terms of damage (Gibbens). The hurricane is still the costliest storm in U.S. history due to its impact. It influenced 90,000 square miles of the land after approaching Mississippi and Louisiana’s coasts as a category three storm. In the City of New Orleans alone, 80% of the landmass was flooded (Gibbens). It affected around 15 million people, destroying more than 850,000 homes; approximately 300,000 to 350,000 cars were wrecked (Gibbens). Fifty floodwalls and levees were overpowered by the storm, leading to intense flooding, particularly in New Orleans. Hurricane Katrina caused a devastating impact on many people’s property. However, the cases of discrimination and evidence of human rights violations that occurred in New Orleans remain troubling events in America. Violation of human rights became a significant issue in Hurricane Katrina following the unfair treatment of disaster victims. Unfortunately, the United States government failed to uphold federal rights in dispensing their civic duty to prevent the storm, protect the victims, and restore their livelihoods (The Associated Press). It was unable to defend its citizens’ liberties, such as the right to life, freedom from discrimination, and the right to have a safe reclamation and return to their property after the calamity (Kromm). The mentioned evidence reveals that the Bush Administration did not succeed in respecting human rights and protecting their citizens’ lives. The law of the United States gives the government the responsibility to protect the lives of its citizens. Therefore, it stipulates that the government should do everything possible to protect its people against the loss of lives in the event of a natural disaster. In Hurricane Katrina, the state failed to save the lives of New Orleans people in several ways. For instance, it could not protect the citizens from a known flood threat by not evacuating the residents before it happened, putting their lives in danger (Vicino). The state did not fulfill its duty that involved ensuring the protective levels were in good condition. According to engineers who checked the levee system, there was incomplete construction, and the materials used were weak and susceptible to erosion. In addition, being unable to evacuate the residents, the United States government rejected some of the aid meant to benefit the affected population. Thus, the government did not succeed in providing enough humanitarian relief, food, water, and health resources during the aftermath. After Katrina, there was discrimination, especially against the minority populations. The state failed to respect this right by formulating a discriminatory evaluation plan. The program to move the affected residents was biased based on owned property. For instance, it provided a policy for
Joseph Lelyveld offers an incisive look at the impact of race in American society. Although the content of the literature was written barely a decade ago, it depicts a significant transformation that has already taken place in the perception of racism. Lelyveld is categorical that the race of an individual does not determine his or her destiny. The role that has been played by the Assembly of God church is indeed commendable (Lelyveld 9). The editor attempts to inject the element of Christianity in addressing the ill effects of racism. It is interesting to note that the church in general has played a major part in reshaping the state of racism in America. Full integration of several races has been attained with the assistance of the church institution. Needless to say, the blacks were highly disregarded in American society a few decades ago. It appeared like a curse for a black person to closely interact with a white person. However, the teaching portrayed by the church has significantly leveled the ground for all races since all of them are headed to the same heaven irrespective of skin complexion. Lelyveld gives an example of an elderly woman being hugged by a black man. The latter could have been a taboo some years ago. Several parishioners have developed a lot of affection that can be considered to be genuine. As a result, American society is currently some of the terse racial concerns and questions that shrouded their thoughts before the turn of the century (Lelyveld 16). For example, can integration be considered a blessing or a betrayal? Several black people seem to be wondering in the same line of thoughts. Is integration helpful or even acceptable in modern American society? Is it really necessary for the church to highlight the issue of race or even minister about it to the flock? Are there any burdens associated with the ‘blending in’? Can the church be equated to other common neighborhoods or associations where people meet for the sake of enjoying the short term benefits of integration? The eye-opening book discusses some of the touchy issues queried in the latter questions. It is also worth mentioning that alienation and misunderstanding have been depicted as the key attributes of race in American society. Nonetheless, there are good indicators of outreach to the rest of American society. The pursuit of unity and reconciliation is evident. Kymberly N. Pinder bravely addresses the impact of racism from an artistic point of view. The book offers a comprehensive anthology in regards to the issue of race and racism in general (Pinder 1). It is
This essay analyzes the poem The Origin of Our People that describes the birth of the Zhou dynasty and ancient China’s gender roles. The text addresses the issues of the men’s and women’s functions in ancient China, as well as the topic of childbirth. In the ode, the woman “presented a pure offering and sacrificed” to bear a child, and no one has regretted making such sacrifices ever since. In contrast, her grown son worked the fields of nature that had cared for him when his mother abandoned him. Readers can infer that the woman’s role in ancient China centered on childbirth, men were providers, and kids were precious. Most importantly, however, is the fact that the poem tells the story of the Zhou dynasty’s origins. The conception of Hou-Ji is pure and divine, as well as miraculously painless. The scholars agree that the Zhou dynasty saw the ruler as the link between Heaven and Earth. 4 The poet enforces this idea by describing the God-given miraculous childbirth. The poet also seems to be praising God, nature, and birth, and he is undoubtedly in awe of the great Hou-Ji. One can conclude that theology played an essential role in early ancient China. It is vital for the poet and the reader that Hou-Ji works in agriculture when he grows up. Reportedly, Hou-Ji was the one to develop the agricultural sector of ancient China. Arguably, agriculture allowed Zhou aristocracy and nobility to maintain wealth and power. It seems that the poet realized the importance of agriculture and the role Hou-Ji played in shaping China’s economic and political systems at the time. Moreover, the ode is one of many verses to the ruler and the mythical origins of the ruling dynasty. Thus praising the God-appointed ruler was essential for ancient Chinese society. Bibliography Bentley, Jerry, Herbert Ziegler, and Heather Streets-Salter “Early Society in Mainland East Asia.” Chap. 5 in Traditions & Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past , 90-107. New York, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. “The Origin of Our People” (n.d.). Web. Tung Corrie. “God through the Book of Poetry: The Ancient Chinese and Their Loss of Theistic Faith.” PhD diss., Baylor University, 2018.
Introduction A death penalty is a form of capital punishment that has been part of the American justice system since the colonial days. Many people have been executed for capital offenses such as murder and robbery with violence. Forensic psychology entails the integration of psychological knowledge and methodologies into civil and criminal legal questions (Hollin, 2019). Forensic psychologists are specially trained to conduct psychiatric evaluations, treatment, and even consultations pertinent to legal proceedings. Their involvement in cases involving death sentences has attracted ethical debates following the uncovering of the capital-penalty procedure’s flaws. The paper aims to explore human rights related to the controversy and the ethical implications associated with the dispute. Human Rights about Forensic Psychology Forensic psychology has had its fair share of controversies when it comes to the death penalty offenders, especially regarding human rights. Sentencing one to death is considered to be a violation of one’s right to life as well as freedom from subjection to torture and inhumane treatment (Leong et al., 2017). Since forensic psychologists contribute to legal proceedings and assessment for future violence, it renders the defendants at the mercy of an unjust system and with much imperfection. These professionals only provide a psychiatric assessment of defendants, thus rendering them neutral and with no influence in determining death sentences by the jury or judge. However, their psychological input in the capital case still plays a significant role in influencing the jury or judge’s decision in the sentencing of a defendant. Forensic psychologists play an important role in determining the legal ground on which a defendant may be prosecuted for an offense of a capital nature and sentenced to death. Therefore, they hold the ability to directly influence the direction with which the sentencing could assume. If done in a biased way, it may end up causing the unjust sentencing of the accused, consequently violating his or her right to life (Perlin, 2018). Incompetent prisoners may be subjected to medication to enhance their psychological analysis eligibility and eventually be executed. Forensic psychologists typically subject suspects to mental torture through these acts, which subsequently breach their fundamental human rights and freedom from torture. Ethical Implications That May Arise from Both Sides: Defendants and Psychologists The immanent fallibility of psychiatric tests may also account for the inequalities and arbitrariness in capital punishment proceedings. Many test scores that indicate cognitive impairment and other mental diseases are established on probabilities, i.e., the likelihood that an individual has a psychological disease is ascertained by the magnitude to which one’s outcomes are similar to that of others diagnosed with a similar condition. For instance, the Supreme court in Atkins did not delineate mental retardation but instead charged states to distinguish their definitions (Otto et al., 2017). This phenomenon consequently creates p
The prominent recognition to clever and gifted children contains established segments of its primary frame and joins it with the awareness and selected executions from a discrepancy of origins. The Integrative Education Model uses different information from different fields of science as psychology, physics, and the neurosciences. This system allowing two-way transfer of information entails the student’s thoughts, sensations, feelings and instinctive knowledge. As the pattern brought out from the theoretical sphere to the purely practical one, seven key elements became evident. Whereas segments of the Integrative Education Model can be employed efficaciously without all parts in place, the most efficient usage will comprise all seven. I have chosen for analysis the segment of the empowering language and behavior because it seems to be very essential if not the basic one. The language the teacher applies to students whether small children or teenagers is very important, it has to contain not only encouragement remarks but also words of support, approval, sympathy if required. Not all students and teachers understand the importance of being polite and respectful. The motion from more conventional teacher-directed classroom schemes involves another presentation of knowledge, which would compose a more efficient classroom coordination operation. This motion consists in making students act more actively, participate in the teaching-learning progress. Whereas the existing views on the most appropriate type of coordination operation may seem the best for classroom activities in which precept is originally directed by the teacher, efficiently organizing classroom surroundings in which students participate playing a crucial role in the process of learning, rather than addressees of teacher’s precepts, will demand removal from teacher pliability model of cooperation (Jennings 78). The students who were interviewed for the book by Todd E. Jennings expressed “a profound sense of isolation in their academic and social experiences on an American high school campus” (Jennings 122), so they made some suggestions to improve the relationships between the students. This issue concerns not only foreigners or students lacking language fluency, disabled persons, or people with defective mental power, but also gifted people who are not sure about their possibilities and need some encouragement and approval. Dealing with gifted children is even more complicated, than with gifted adults, because children are more liable to other people’s opinions, and heading for the wrong destination can cause diverse psychological problems. “Empowering language becomes an important part of classroom communication between teachers, between student and teacher, and between students. Students who are given opportunities to work in an environment in which empowering language is valued become more responsible, more motivated, and exhibit a positive self-concept” (Clark 242-244). Teachers who teach gifted children take
Aging is a part of life, which can be different for every person. Some people manage to remain happy and full of vitality; others consider aging a tragedy and joyless life’s end. Anyway, this stage is inevitable, and it is necessary to understand what needs to be done to spend it successfully. Therefore, many psychologists, sociologists, and medical researchers have conducted various studies and surveys and developed diverse theories related to the peculiarities of aging. The researcher professors of Psychology and Sociology, Robert Crosnoe and Glen Elder Jr. (2002) present their point of view on this topic. They divide the men from 58 to 72 into four categories: well-rounded, successful in all spheres of life, family-focused, career-focused, and less adjusted (Crosnoe & Elder Jr., 2002). The authors conclude that entirely successful aging requires such constituents as physical and mental health, social engagement, family support, and career (Crosnoe & Elder Jr., 2002). They also consider aging as a long-life term, which means that circumstances of youth, for example, also impact it. Therefore, aging is a stage of life, which can be as happy and prosperous as
Technology has had many influences on various elements of life over the years. One of the periods that had a significant impact on the quality of life was during the industrial revolution. This period was very significant because it helped to create employment opportunities for people, which in turn triggered a demand for goods and services because people had money to spend (Robinson 60). The most notable technology that developed during that period was steam power that developed from fuels such as coal. This technology played a major role in influencing the emergence and speedy growth of crucial industries such as textile manufacturing. Another notable technology development during the period was the telegraph, an apparatus that people used in communicating at a distance over a wire (Robinson 71). This technology played a major role in influencing new ways of interaction and increasing productivity. It helped to save a lot of time that was otherwise being used by messengers used in delivering information. In return, the productivity of human resources increased because less time was used in waiting for work directly from the seniors. The development of technology during the industrial revolution had a strong impact on society with regard to the stability of social development. Studies have established that the social, economic, and cultural elements of people’s lives experienced drastic negative impacts, mainly due to the increased settlement of people in cities and urban centers in search of employment (Robinson 96). Unfortunately, most urban centers where industries and factories were developing were not designed to support the high number of people that were already living there. This created a quagmire that both compromised the quality of life as well as the ability to achieve sustainable development. The development of technology also led to the development of a different view towards life, which sought to define people’s socioeconomic status depending on their material possessions (Robinson 103). The most important technology during the industrial revolution was the textile industry. The reason for this is that technology helped people to meet the basic needs. Apart from providing clothing, the industry contributed to economic empowerment through job creation. Through the money that people earned from working in the industry, they managed to buy food, as well as afford good housing and clothing (Robinson 117). Works Cited Robinson, Eric. Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution . Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2010. Print.
Introduction The basis of business growth and competition in the new era business industry depends on the preferences of the target market segment. From the case study (Boone & Kurtz, 2015), in the current business world, millennials are the largest population with high buying potential and diverse product preferences. According to Altinbasak-Farina, Ayaz-Arda, and Bicer (2014), the preference and needs of the buying market population shape the business marketing strategies and product design through the adoption of new technologies and innovation to cut competition and enhance market share. The preferences of the millennials, therefore, dictate the success and future expansion of all types of businesses. Thus, diverse preferences of products and services among the millennial population significantly adjust the flexibility of business firms in product design and innovation. SWOT analysis and 4Ps of the Hotels SWOT analysis and the 4Ps are the two major mechanisms utilized by business firms in analyzing and developing products specific to the target market segment. SWOT analysis enhances business understanding of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, which are factors that are significant in shaping business competitiveness and profitability (Boone & Kurtz, 2015). The 4Ps refers to the product, price, promotion, and place essential in meeting customer needs and promoting brand loyalty. The 4Ps promote brand differentiation and influence the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the business industry. According to Williams and Page (2011), the millennial population has unique tastes of products, which are customized to their needs. Therefore, in the case study, the hot
Introduction The effects of movies on children are evident, considerable, and vast. Contextually, violent movies have fronted numerous effects on children who frequently indulge in this vicious activity. The phenomenon has been a social issue for decades with some people supporting it while others are condemning the trend sternly. Nonetheless, it is agreeable that violent movies affect the concerned children adversely in most instances. Contextually, this is a cause-and-effect analysis paper discussing the effects of violent movies on children having researched extensively on the matter (Anderson, Katherine & Douglas 76). Emotional derailment, probable aggression, physical and psychological hiccups, and adverse mental developments are among the effects fronted by this phenomenon (violent movies). It is important for such children to attain appropriate guidance regarding the matter in order to save them from further atrocities. It is crucial to agree that movies form critical entertainment provisions for children; nonetheless, violent ones have shown devastating effects on numerous children hence requiring stringent regulations. Major effects The effects of violent movies on children vary massively. This is evident in numerous occasions. Firstly, it is notable that children who spend a most of their times watching violent movies develop some unwarranted aggressions in their behaviors (Tompkins 1). The need to imitate major actors and scenes watched in the concerned movies has adverse influences in these children. Studies have demonstrated increased aggression among the concerned children with some of them attempting to behave violently on several occasions. Such children can easily hurt others without considering the exact repercussions involved. They tend to think that whatever appeared on
Annotated Bibliography Vickers, Lee. “The Second Closet: Domestic Violence in Lesbian and Gay Relationships: A Western Australian Perspective.” Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law 3, no. 4 (1996): 1-7. The article gives a comprehensive encounter of the gays and how they are currently being neglected in the society. It explains what same sex domestic violence is by defining it as the violence that starts in an intimate relationship involving same sex. There is a generic definition of violence that gives a specific explanation whether the relationship is heterosexual or homosexual in nature. This article explains this concept using a lesbian relationship as an example; where only one party to the relationship needs to control the other and this is mostly reported as violence. In the case of gays, the article is very conversant in the way it describes same sex violence; with regards to this, violence in gay marriages or relationships involves any form of torture or forceful chastise that leaves the other partner physically or emotionally disturbed. Australia has been reported to have the highest rates of same sex related violence in the society. The society and the government have remained silent on the issues of same sex violence and this has caused partners to adopt underground means of settling scores. Lack of judicial and legal frameworks has contributed to high prevalence of deaths related to same sex violence. The article is very informative since outlines a couple of the reasons behind the rampant increase in cases of negligence and lack of concern, especially from the government. One of the reasons cited is that the society has not yet recognized gays and hence it is hard to stand up for their rights, not even in a court of law. In addition, the article gives an account of how negligent criminal law has turned out to be, in terms of helping and according human rights to affected individuals who are in same sex marriages. It starts by analyzing police attitude, claiming law officers are biased; in addition, the article points out that state law is biased since it is against sodomy and same sex relationships; making it hard for a law enforcing officer to get fully involved in a same sex relationship. The article is also very specific when it comes to presentation of the cases at the courts. At the courts, most of the victims are reluctant to expose their sexual orientation and they consider having the case heard in private rooms to conceal their sexual orientation. However, the article adds that there are increased efforts to make sure the society is sensitized, to enable it to accept and recognize same sex marriage. This has been done through review of marriage bills and other important aspects concerning same sex marriages. Spooner, Catherine, Hall Wayne, and Mattick Richard P. “An Overview of Diversion Strategies for Australian Drug-Related Offenders.” Informa Healthcare 20, no. 3 (2001): 281-294. The article is explicit in the