ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Empowering workers is one way of motivating workers and increasing the performance of an organization. Employees of an organization (that poorly performs) can be motivated by being given more responsibilities and opportunities to make some of the critical decisions within the company (Robbins, Judge, Millett & Boyle, 2011). However, it is possible that performance of an organization can deteriorate despite attempts to motivate the workers. This is what happened at Regency Grand Hotel in Bangkok, Thailand. The hotel had been in operation for fifteen years after establishment by a group of investors. The hotel was later acquired by an American group of hotels, and the general manager took early retirement. He was replaced by an American with vast experience in management. The American, John Becker, had previously managed to make poorly performing hotels to be profitable. He aimed at motivating the workers at Regency Grand Hotel by empowering them, but failed. This paper reviews the performance of the hotel under the leadership of John Becker. The analysis is done through the use of theories explaining workers’ motivation. Analysis of the Case Becker believes in the motivation of workers as one of the ways of improving performance. He managed to make nonperforming hotels productive and profitable through motivation. As indicated earlier, Becker believes in enhancing the productivity of workers through empowerment. He expected the workers to be customer-oriented as this would enable them offer excellent customer care services. However, workers performed poorly even after being given powers to make decisions on their own. This begs the question; “Why did the workers perform poorly even after being given more freedom?” They could make decisions and could emerge with new ideas yet the performance of the hotel was still low! This could be explained by theories that seek to explain reasons why workers may perform poorly after attempts are made to motivate them. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1917) suggested that money was the main motivator of workers of any company (Lauby, 2005). It is, therefore, possible that Becker tried to motivate the workers by empowering them, yet increase in pay was the only way that they could have been motivated. According to his explanation, workers are motivated when their pay is high. He noted that employees do not usually enjoy their work and that they should be given appropriate training so as to work effectively (Robbins, Judge, Millett & Boyle, 2011). This, therefore, means that the workers at Regency Grand Hotel could have been performing poorly because of the poor pay. Becker should have, therefore, increased their pay so as to make them work hard. They should also have had proper training so as to provide proper customer care services. In this way, the workers would have achieved the goals that Becker had, motivating the workers, a
Introduction Man is a mortal being. Everybody will eventually die one time. Human beings, most of the time, never think about their death unless they are faced with the death of their loved one; and after a short time, they move on and forget about it. When human beings are faced with their own mortality they start regretting how they lived their life. The question of whether it is good to know when one will die lies in how one will live thereafter. Knowing when one will die can make one straighten their act for a good and purposeful life, while lack of purpose would bring dissatisfaction, despair, and to others’ depression. So would I want to have the blood test to determine my age of death? Yes, I would! Main Everybody knows they will die. Knowing the time of my death will enable me to live my life to the fullest. This is because I would focus on positive things in my life; plan to do the things I would like to do before I leave, love people a little bit more, enjoy life, and not take life for granted. A limited lifespan would enable me to live my life richly and with more relishing, reminiscing, and more gratitude. Knowing when one will die gives one the opportunity to choose more deliberatively what type of life one would like to lead. With the fact that we will die in our hearts, we are able to live our lives more mindfully, taking every experience in our life positively and slowing to appreciate what life throws at us. Knowing when I will die would help me set achievable goals within the time I am left to live. Also, what legacy would I leave behind would be the question that would be in my mind each and every day? Another issue would be what am I doing to achieve this? Would I make a difference in someone’s life? Living my life as it was my last day and doing what I would tomorrow today mean time well spent. This is because I wouldn’t be living with the uncertainty of when my death will come. By the time I lie on my death bed, I would have achieved what most people who do not know when they will die would have not. Also when I look back I see a life with no regret. In addition, I would show some love to everybody even to my enemies. This is because I believe that even though there might be no life after death, there is love. I would like peo
Change in American gender roles Among humans there is a general tendency to pass on the information and how things are done from one generation to another and thus, resulting in what is known as culture. However, due to the flexibility of man, the desired culture does not remain rigid and with the constant changing of the environment, this culture also finds itself being modernized with some aspects lost. Reflective of such a culture change is best exemplified by the changing of assumed gender roles over the past 50 or so years (Christie-Mizell pp.46-126). There has been a significant change in the traditional roles ascribed to the two genders. Shift in perception of the male gender roles Working Couple Traditionally, the male is viewed as the breadwinner of the house, having searched for a mate to bring into the house to look after it and provide him with children. This perception has shifted in the sense that today it is not uncommon to have both spouses holding full-time jobs, something that had been a male preserve (Christie-Mizell 46-126). Sharing of domestic duties In the homes themselves, husbands are becoming more involved in household chores, whereas in the past they were content just to read the paper while the wife cooked, they are now also occasionally cooking and doing things like laundry. This new aspect of sharing responsibility arises from the fact that both parties are equally tired from work, although most of these working couples have opted to employ house helps to aid in the domestic duties (Tergesen para. 1-5). Male entry into traditional gender roles Another sign of assumptions being shelved is the fact that men are increasingly taking careers thought to be exclusively the preserve of women. There continues to be a significant rise in the numbers of male nurses and models. It is nowadays not surprising to see a household with completely reversed roles where the husband stays at home while the wife has a full-time job (Fisher pp.1-5). Achievement-based and not ascribed Ascribed roles for women During the mid-1900s, a majority of women at that time had grown up aspiring to settle down with a husband and build a home. It was always assumed that once one was lucky enough and she got married, she could no longer continue working. Although education for women had been growing in earnest since the nineteenth century, (Christie-Mizell
There is a variety of sports to stay healthy. The fascinating way to mix business with pleasure is to become a professional sportsman, for example, a long-distance runner. The requirements for the career provide the basis of training and reflect the knowledge needed to improve the results. According to Napier, every athlete should understand the processes inside their body (8). In addition, he states the value of measures created to prevent injuries (Napier 8). To endure running for a long-distance every athlete should recognize the importance of strength exercises and follow the stated plan (Napier 8). In brief, a productive long-distance runner should have powerful muscles, know the physiology and special exercises, and follow the planned training without losing motivation. I am interested in the career of a long-distance runner because I admit the beneficial effects of running. As Chris Napier states, running helps prevent obesity, hypertension, and many other diseases (6). It also improves sleep quality, relieves stress, boosts your mood (Napier 6). Running also changes your daily habits: you automatically start eating healthy food, give up smoking, etc. (Van Dijk and Van Megen ch. 1). All the things considered; I am motivated to start the career of a long-distance runner. Works Cited Napier, Chris. Science of Running: Analyse your Technique, Prevent Injury, Revolutionize your Training . Penguin, 2020. Van Dijk, Hans, and Ron Van Megen. The secret of running: Maximum performance gains through effective power metering and training analysis . Meyer & Meyer Sport, 2017.
In spite of the fact that conflicts are an integral part of our lives, people consider conflicting as something abnormal and shameful. However, learning the right ways to tackle conflicts can be extremely helpful in our daily lives. Because of the typical patterns of routine conflicts, they can be handled rather easily with help of some conflict tactics. The people who are going to be in the spotlight of this little drama are the most usual members of the most usual company in the world. There is an employee, say, John Doe, a clerk, say, Jim Roe, the other staff and Jenny, the secretary. It is the heat of the day, and the working day is in full swing. While John is dealing with his piece of work which seems quite hard to handle, Jim, who has managed his piece of work, starts giving pieces of advice to improve the system operation. Saying, “That’s no way to do that!”, he tries to show the right way to handle the work. Taking a closer look at the results of John’s work, Jim adds, “What kind of fool are you to do such thing?” and makes an attempt to correct John’s mistake, but the latter offers him to mind his own business, and the whole work comes to a standstill. End of the episode. Unfortunately, such pattern is quite widespread in the modern world of work. In the given case, the surface problem is John’s lack of professional knowledge and his rudeness towards the companion who lends him a helping hand. Yet the underlying problem is far deeper, and it concerns not only John and Jim’s personal relationships, but also the very atmosphere in the working place. Note that there was not a single person who considered Jim’s behavior as impudence and tried to call him to more respectful attitude towards his companion. It is important to specify the reasons for Jim to behave in such way. One of the underlying motifs for him to abuse John in front of the crowd is that he wants to position John as incompetent to everyone in the office and thus take his post. Choosing among the possible conflict management strategies, Jim chose the aggressive way of handling the situation. Behaving forcefully, he was strikingly different to John, who decided to stick to the submissive pattern of conflict solution. In addition, John’s final outburst of emotions made the situation even more complicated, for now the rest of the staff will consider him unrestrained and ungrateful. Obviously, this pattern will lead to what Jim has chosen as his aim. It seems that unless John does something to improve the existing situation, Jim can be considered the winner in this office battle, while John will slowly turn into the loser. Despite the seeming ethical complicity of the problem, it can be helped. One of the means to handle the situation is to throw the opponent in presence of the colleagues so that he will not repeat his attempts anymore. In this case, John’s reputation will be saved, and the companions will respect him even more. Another idea is to have an eye-to-eye open talk with Jim, trying to figure out what he aims at. However, if
The Kinsey reports demonstrated several methodological severe weaknesses. Kinsey, the author, makes several mistakes from the very beginning of the study, preferring a rational sample of subjects from different social and racial groups to predominantly white, middle-class homosexual men (Goode, 2016). The stratified sampling method alone can be effective in small-scale, small-sample studies of small groups, but a large sample may not provide an accurate picture of subjects’ opinions. However, Kinsey applied it to a large number of people, and for the sake of the study’s accuracy, violated the rational approach to the choice of subjects. It was necessary to qualitatively expand the sample for the represented social and racial groups to make the study itself more relevant. Thus, Kinsey’s study quickly lost relevance and displayed its shortcomings. The other similar survey was done, yet with a better methodological approach. The Chicago sex survey, in turn, used the quota sampling method, during which a relatively high number of adults were interviewed, representing all available racial and national groups (Goode, 2016). This approach is qualitatively different from Kinsey’s because it allowed the scholars to formulate a much more holistic picture of the perception of human behavior. In the quota methodology of obtaining samples, the researchers ensured that subjects represented the whole population regarding gender, race, and economic status. This fact has affected the relevance of the work; namely, the research gained more credibility due to the representativeness achieved by a varied sample. There are several challenges that arise in the research of such a scale. Since in the quota method of obtaining samples, the researcher ensures that subjects represent the whole population regarding gender, race, and economic status, this may also affect the relevance of the work. A separate target sample may be negatively tuned to the research topic and, therefore, refuse to participate in the study. For example, a conservative subject may be against research related to sex or homosexuality, sabotaging and blocking it. Not always subjects, especially those with certain deviations, can represent their entire racial, cultural or ethnic group. Reference Goode, E. (2016). Deviant behavior (11th ed.). Routledge.
Obedience is a, character trait that makes a person to submit to instructions from a person with more authority. It is considered a morally positive trait because it allows a person to comply with instructions and expectations in a given society. However, a person who complies with instructions from an authoritative figure needs to ensure that his obedience does not expose other people to harm. All individuals need to be careful with the choices they make to ensure they conform to good behavior and norms observed in societies they live. This paper will discuss why obedience occurs and how it affects people living in different societies. Obedience occurs due to influential systems or attitudes that affect the way a human being behaves in a particular social environment. A person becomes obedient after being influenced by a dominant figure in the society he or she lives to change his behavior and attitude. Dominant and authoritative figures influence other people to follow their ideas and instructions. Dominant figures include parents, teachers, senior military commanders and religious leaders. They make many people obey their instructions and authority. For an act of obedience to occur, a person needs to see the value of that action within the organization or social system he is active in. This will make him more willing to follow and satisfy the expectations of the authoritative figures in that social set up. People are known to be more obedient when there are proper discipline systems that made them submit to authoritative figures and ideals (Leveillee, 2011, p.1). There are several factors that make people become obedient. People have to be directed by dominant figures in society for them to change their behavior. Highly organized environments with effective disciplinarian systems make it possible for people to submit to authority. In the military, discipline and obedience are highly treasured ideals because they make it possible for commanders to keep members of their units in line. All members are required to adhere to strict disciplinary protocols before they are declared fit to serve as military officers. Effective organization makes it possible for junior members in a particular social system to shape their behavior and attitudes to conform to dominant ideals practiced there. The discipline that binds these members together makes them understand the importance of submitting to authority and this makes them more obedient to their superiors (Bocchiaro & Zimbardo, 2010, p.156). Some social systems regulate how people relate with each other. In many Middle Eastern cultures, the youth are required to be obedient to elders in their societies without question. These cultures have a social hierarchy system, where the elderly are accorded more respect because they are considered wiser and more experienced on di
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology penetrates different aspects of people’s business and everyday life. It can also be applied to such aspects of healthcare as caring for patients and managing administrative tasks. This innovative technology can enhance the continuous improvement of services and working conditions of healthcare providers and realize a new opportunity to predict and identify diseases and abnormalities. AI is a significant contribution to the development of healthcare because it provides the chance to surpass the abilities of humans and reduce the number of errors caused by human failures. The drivers for the innovation are the increase in the aging population, the National Health Service’s strategies to enhance the well-being of citizens and healthcare services’ quality, and the expansion of modern technologies in other domains (Al-Amoudi & Latsis, 2019). The Institute of Cancer Research requires introducing this innovation to cope with the challenges of diagnosing and treating patients. The institute is located in London and specializes in all kinds of cancers and tumors. My role in the service would be to prepare the project management plan to implement the innovation. The agile approach helps introduce AI innovations because it guarantees the project’s adaptability to changes, following five stages of change, and the ability of communication, collaboration, and trust to influence the product. Project management plays an essential role in the process of planning the implementation of innovation. It is the combination of techniques, methods, knowledge, and expertise used by the manager to organize the realization of a specific project (Demirkesen & Ozorhon, 2017). The most significant characteristics of project management are the particular timescale and budget limits, which frame the time dedicated to the project and the financing of its implementation. The project is a type of endeavor with specific purposes and benefits for the organization (Tereso et al ., 2018). One of the essential components of project management is identifying the project’s purpose, which helps to understand what peculiar outcomes are anticipated. Then, it includes leading and motivating the team organized to implement the plan (Lock, 2017). Next, a manager has to manage conflicts, risks, and issues developed in the process of realization. Finally, a manager has to monitor the progress of the team and compare it with the plan. The most common approaches to project management include traditional and agile methods of implementation, which differ in their structure. The traditional approach presupposes the application of linear strategy when all the processes occur in sequence. According to this method, all the projects evolve according to the predetermined lifecycle, including plan, design, testing, production, and support (Musawir et al. , 2017). The agile strategy, on the other hand, is known for its flexibility. According to this approach, such elements as teamwork, collaboration with the customer, and project adaptability are essential (Stoddard, Gillis, and Cohn, 2019). These characteristics signify that achieving the necessary r
Introduction The idea that most people are sleepwalking through life is a very important aspect in our society. Therefore, it is undeniable that most people who are sleepwalking through life are always unaware of what they are doing. This means that a sleepwalker will not be aware that he is engaging himself in such behavior. It should be known that there have been a lot of arguments in relation to sleepwalking which needs to be understood. As a matter of fact, some people have treated individuals who are sleepwalking differently yet they need to be understood and supported for the society’s well being. Most of us are sleepwalking in life which is undisputable. As much as most people are unaware that they are sleepwalking, this is caused by various reasons and aspects. The pressures of modern life have made people to sleepwalk in life which is set to continue as time goes by (Charlie 12). Discussion I think that most people are sleepwalking through their life because they are midway their organizational lives. Sleepwalking can be done in different dimensions depending on the activity that an individual is engaged in. When people are asked if they are sleepwalking, they will always say no yet this is not the case. It should be known that there are various symptoms of sleepwalking that can be exhibited by individuals like having no goals and ambitions. Most things that people do are the ones that are making them to sleepwalk like constant watching of TV, surfing on the internet and others. I think that we are sleepwalking in life because we engage in unproductive activities. This is because of shutting off their brains as a result of these activities (Nowak 16). People who are living their lives in a state of unconsciousness can also be said to be sleepwalking. This should not be assumed to be physically awake because we might think that we are okay. There are individuals who are not aware of whom they are in the society which is a reason for sleepwalking through life. In this case, there is a large context of life that people can be part of which should be understood. It is not easy to tell an individual who is sleepwalking in life because they are just like any one of us. We always sleepwalk because we do not have any clarity in our lives. In the long run, we end up being physical shells that are just there. As earlier noted, sleepwalking can be manifested in different ways and this is as far as people who are not thinking about their future are concerned (Culebras 15). Our life should always be about the bigger picture and when we lack it we are also sleepwalking. If you can not find enoug