ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The choice of a narrative mode shapes the way in which readers perceive the actions of the main characters. This paper will include an analysis of two short stories, namely Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway and A&P by John Updike. These literary works exemplify different story-telling techniques which enable the writers to achieve various goals. Overall, it is possible to say that these authors are able to choose an approach that best fits their purposes. This is the main point that should be discussed more closely. First, it should be mentioned that these writers use different story-telling techniques. In particular, Updike relies on the first-person narration. The readers are prompted to look through the eyes of a teenage clerk, Sammy, who works at an A&P supermarket. The main advantage of this approach is that the writer can throw light on the inner world of this character. For instance, this story-teller seems to be a cynical person. At first glance, one can say that he despises other people who he regards as slaves. Nevertheless, it is possible to argue that this first impression is very delusive. For instance, the narrative indicates that the protagonist desperately wants to produce a favorable impression on the girls who enter the A&P store. Moreover, it becomes evident that Sammy is a romantic or even naïve individual. One can say that the first-person narration helps the writer to illustrate the conflicting motives that drive the behavior of the protagonist. Additionally, this character represents a wide group of young people who chose to rebel against the consumer culture. In his turn, Ernest Hemingway takes a different approach to story-telling. He relies on the third-person objective narration which means that the writer does not speak about the thoughts, emotions, or attitudes of the character. To a great extent, readers are prompted to reach their own conclusions about the plot and characters. Hills Like White Elephants can be viewed as a good example of this technique. In this case, the text of the short-story is mostly a dialogue between the two characters. The author does not try to evaluation the actions or arguments made by the protagonists. Additionally, the readers can only make conjectures about the subject which the characters discuss. For instance, one can suppose that the man tries to persuade the girl to undergo some form of surgery, probably abortion. However, one cannot say it for sure. The main detail is that Hemingway refuses to make any comments about the relations between these characters. This use of third-person objective narration enables the writer to intrigue the readers and arrest their attention. The main advantage of this method is that it helps the writer to pose thought-provoking questions to the audience. For example, one can reflect on the future relations between the two characters. This is why the use of the third-person objective narration is quite justified. Thus, these examples show how different narra
Good sleep is a guarantee of good condition for the whole human body. People who constantly fail to have a good and successful sleep often become irritated, they also reduce the abilities of their memory and attention. Academic performance is reduced as well. Sleep affects logical thinking processes and the ability to make conclusions. The conducted research should focus on various psychological limitations people are sure to experience if they do not have good sleep at night. Conducting a research devoted to human sleep habits in children and feeling the affect on their confidence as adults, the existing data should be evaluated and the conclusions are to be drawn in the sphere of sleep habits and its impact on human mind activity. Human confidence is a result of human performance. Depending on the quality of the performed tasks and completed issues, on the personal feelings and the ability to draw conclusions, and on general feelings people may be either confident or not. Bad sleep habits, short length of sleep, late going to bed, and bad quality of sleep at childhood reduce human confidence and make people uncertain in personal actions in the adult age. Considering this problem, it is important to understand what a notion ‘confidence’ means. According to Cambridge Dictionary (2011), confidence is defined as “the quality of being certain of your abilities or of having trust in people, plans, or the future.” Thus, confidence depends on personal feelings in relation to others and to self. The main idea of this paper is to conduct a literature review aimed at considering the research in the sphere of the sleep habits in children that affect them and their confidence as adults. Wolfson and Carskadon (2003, p. 493). The authors have conducted a research where they tried to test human psychological abilities and their dependency on sleep habits. The researchers paid attention to the quality of sleep and mentioned such characteristics as the time of going to bed and waking up, the duration and quality of sleep. The research results show that those who went to bed late and got up late, those whose sleep was short and those who could not sleep the whole night being constantly woke up reduced their academic performance. These people were irritated and could not focus on one and the same problem. They also failed to think logically, perform the easiest tasks at colleges, follow the teacher’s ideas and respond to questions. Bad performance at school reduces students’ self-assurance as they feel personal failures. Moreover, when people fail to present good results at colleges, they understand that they fail to meet the expectations of others and it also affects confidence. Using this research as the basis for the future hypothesis, it may be stated that affecting students’ academic performance, bad sleep in childhood affects their literacy and as a result the future adult life and having lack in knowledge, people are going to lead worse lives. Blagrove and Akehurst (2000, p. 72). The research shows that people who have sleep
Introduction Religion is a set of beliefs and practices generally organized around supernatural and moral claims, and often codified as prayer, ritual, and religion. On an exhibit on the many religions of the world, this includes the beliefs and history of six of the world’s most known religions. They include Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Animism, Christianity, and Hinduism. This can be identified from the proofs of human religion by Homo Sapiens approximately 100,000 years ago to the present day. Though there are numerous religions, each different from the other, they all serve the same purpose. Each answers questions that all humans seem to be programmed to ask: Why are we here? What happens when I die? How shall I live my life? Religion helps us to transmit our values from one generation to another and influences the way we interact with the natural environment. It teaches us how to see ourselves in light of the universe and gives purpose and meaning to life. A philosophical analysis of Buddhism W. James was convinced that only immediate knowledge, the direct experience offers “an empirical approach for a philosophical analysis of religion”, and that James’ radical empirics guides him towards scientific research of religion, therefore highlighting the important role of religion in the lives of the human beings. According to Buddhism the well being of mankind, it’s peace and security are unattainable until its unity is firmly established. Lord Buddha: “the lust for sensual luxuries and clinging to worldly life is the cause of troubles.” it might make sense to call Buddhism a religion for purposes of describing the predominant religious groups in a country, but not to distinguish between theists and atheists). To me, the difference between philosophy and religion is that religion tends to be biased toward edifying some sort of deity or god, whereas philosophy is more about edifying oneself or mankind as a whole. Buddhism has many great things about it. It is a religion, philosophy, religion, psychology, and metaphysic depending on how you apply it in life. Metaphysics deals with the philosophy that examines the nature of reality, including the relationship between matter and mind, substance and attribute, fact and value. The term was initially used by the followers of Aristotle as a name for that part of his writings that came after, or followed, the part which treated physics. It is the science of reality as differentiated from phenomenal being. But, when the Buddha said, “I am Awake”, we get to the cream. Because the mystics claim we can wake up also. What are they talking about? And why have these traditions lasted so many years, if no one wakes up, etc? Amazingly, physics is now reaching conclusions that sound metaphysical to many. Philosophy is a process of thinking. It is possible in philosophy for one to discard things that he no longer needs. Thi
The responsibilities of the registered nurses include a wide variety of activities among which there are the performance of physical exams, the management of health histories, the administration of medications, the collaboration with other medical professionals, the interactions with the patients concerning their knowledge of their diseases and conditions (American Nurse Association, n. d.). When it comes to the nurses’ perspectives on the medication safety, this issue is studied based on three main perspectives such as the nurses’ perception and acceptance of safety practices, the RNs’ ability to implement safe care for the patients, and the agreement of the two mentioned problems with medication safety (Smeulers, Onderwater, van Zwieten, & Vermeulen, 2014; Jones & Treiber, 2010). Medication errors may occur due to the disregard of the safety practices, wrong perception of their duties by the nurses, or the absence of safe working environments (Jones & Treiber, 2010; Vaismoradi, Jordan, Turunen & Bondas, 2014). Today, hypertension is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Medical specialists and facilities conduct educational courses and classes on the regular basis to fulfill the gaps in the hypertension awareness and increase the efficiency of hypertension medications. To address the gaps in the hypertension management, medical experts suggest many different ways and methods (Mancia et al. 2013). The information concerning the nurses’ perspectives of the medication safety can be researched using PICOT strategy. To accomplish that, one first of all, would have to ask a question: what are the nurses’ perspectives of the medication safety in critical care units in hospitals?” Further, the PICOT strategy is going to help the researcher to find the suitable information breaking it down into several different categories. P  population    nurses                                    I  intervention  Medication safety in critical care units  C  comparison    Unsafe medication                         O  outcome       The number of negative treatment outcomes T  time frame    All year round                             The synonymous meanings could help to expand the research: P  nurses                                     RNs                            I  Medication safety in critical care units   Treatment quality in hospitals C  Unsafe medication                          Low-quality treatment          O  The number of negative treatment outcomes  Positive patient outcomes      T  All year round                             n/a                             That way, the research will include a variety of words to cover a large portion of information relevant to the subject. The research should focus on the credible sources of information such as medical journals, articles, magazines, books. Besides, some of the websites contain peer review
Introduction Finding a way through the morning traffic and waiting what seems to be millennia for computer log ins to connect are just the minute details of the average business worker’s day. However, these minute details only add to the ever prevalent problems of working extended daily and weekly schedules. Concerns are constantly raised over workplace benefits, ranging from healthcare to childcare. In the end, employees are left with little more than increased stress. In fact, levels of workplace stress have increased very rapidly in recent years. As a result, work life balance programs are the newest development of companies seeking to get the most out of their greatest asset, the employee. Work and life balance includes programs that range from flextime, telecommuting and job sharing to cafeteria benefit plans. Main body Increasingly, employees are becoming more frustrated, albeit about different issues, while at work. Goldsmith (2007) says: In the 1980s work stress studies tended to focus on number of hours worked and flexibility of work schedules… In the 1990s we see more complex approaches including measuring other types of job stressors such as work pressure, lack of autonomy, role ambiguity, and more discussion of the health aspects of overload. Although this does not automatically signal there is something wrong in the workplace, that has been the case more times than not. Workplace stress is nothing new; however, recent increases have led many companies to look into what they need to do to change the work environment. (McGowan, Gardner, & Fletcher, 2006). The search culminated into developing work life balance programs. Furthermore, work life balance programs include a variety of options for both the employer and employee. Traditional flextime is defined as working a schedule that has start and end times that the employee has chosen and can include certain core hours. (Valcour, 2007). Flextime has been used to promote the work and life balance by allowing the employees the freedom to determine the length of their schedules. Moreover, many employees began seeking those jobs which offered the chance to work straight from home, or telecommuting. (Fleetwood, 2007). In such cases, Lewison (2006) explains, “some or all the work is done off site at the employee’s home or at local satellite offices where clusters of employees live.” This allows the employees to stay under supervision of their loved ones. Additionally, social environments and other deadlines have become so critical for some
Introduction Historical figures have been known to shape the lives of many people hence causing an influence to them. The leaders are remembered either by their political influence or religious influence. There are so many of them but in this paper, we shall look at two historical figures; Barrack Obama and Joel Osteen. Barrack Obama Barrack Obama started his political career as early as 1996 when he was elected as a State Senator in Illinois (Price, 2009). His main achievement as a senator was reforming the ethical and health laws and looking after the welfare of the low-income earners when he sponsored a law that sought to increase tax credits. He however resigned in 2004 when he was elected to the U.S Senate. He was inaugurated as the 44 th and the 1 st African American president in 2009 and is still running the office to date. He has already achieved a lot in this short period that he has been in office and will be remembered by many. Among the notable achievements is his reversed ban that had been directed by President George Bush on federal funding establishments that permitted abortion and withdrawal from Iraq the U.S military troops (Wheeler, 2009). Obama has also been on the forefront in the fight to end the Iraq and Afghanistan war. Joel Osteen He is a religious leader who took over Lakewood Church in 1999 after the death of his father. He travels all over the nation spreading the word of God and he reaches over five million viewers in over 100 media coverage. He has transformed a lot of people’s lives with his message (Lanham, 2008). He is also the best selling author and he has sold million copies of his books in America and abroad; he was included in the list of the ‘ten most fascinating people’ by Barbara Walter. He has reached to the less fortunate in the society and he will be remembered mostly in his generous contributions and inspirational teachings to them (Young, 2007). Comparisons and Contrast between Barrack Obama and Joel Osteen The only notable contrast in their type of leadership is that while Obama involves himself in politics, Osteen is a religious leader. They have similar leadership styles in that they have both been termed as ‘life coach.’ Thy have a wide scope of influence in their leadership as seen in by their following. Obama for example is said to have won the senator’s seat with 70% vote and Osteen on the other hand has over 5 million followers in his ministry and has in addition sold over millions copies of his books. Both are educated and possess a good knowledge in their works that make them effective leaders. They also perform their duties with utmost sincerity and for the good of their followers. They have been considered as servant-leaders who have influenced the lives of many people in a positive manner. They are also public speakers, a factor that makes their communication skills outstanding to garner their supporter’s confidence. They will both be remembered as inspirationa
Introduction With the current high rate of unemployment in the United States, it is hard to believe that companies are not getting the skilled employees they require. This fact made Peter Cappelli publish his book, which focuses on the overall issue of unemployment and the skill shortage. Dr. Peter Cappelli is a professor of management at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School and the director of Wharton Centre for Human Resources. The book by Peter Cappelli looks at what the author describes as conventional wisdom in regards to why people cannot get jobs, how employers or educational institutions are being guarded by the government, as well as the necessary changes to be done on the issue. Conventional Wisdom In his book Cappelli explains that employers and most people in the business world have formed the reasons of why people cannot get the required jobs. An example of this so-called “conventional wisdom” (Cappelli 9) is the education system which to be blamed for, meaning that not many efforts or sources are applied in the training of employees. Another reason why companies are not getting the employees they need according to conventional wisdom is because of the government’s inability to allow immigration of skilled labour. It is believed that companies demand a lot of skills from their employees, thus, they are facing the problem of finding those who satisfy them. He says, “Getting candidates who can work at a wage that will still allow the company to make money is really hard to do” (Cappelli 9). Some companies also claim that they experience problems in filling up positions in their firms because the employees lack proper skills, talents or necessary experience. He claims, “Manpower Group reports that 52 percent of the US employers surveyed say they have difficulties in filling positions because of talent shortages” (Cappelli 13). This drawback is a barrier to their employment. When critiquing this reason, Cappelli claims that this is a huge myth, and that the employers are responsible for this since they provide low salaries but expect a lot from their employees. He also pinpoints that skills are not the only requirement at every workplace meaning that with little experience, some of the jobs can be done easily even by a less experienced workforce. Most employers are critical of the training provided to their future employees in the training institutions. Cappelli dismisses this reason as an inadequate one by reporting, “Blaming the schools and applicants is not the solution…the way we’re doing things now is just not working” (14). He claims that employees are using the employees to gauge their performance instead of using their technical abilities and managerial skills. In regards to the training shortage, he
The Most Appealing Ideas Expressed by the Authors The book called “Cognitive Coaching: A Foundation for Renaissance Schools” was written by Arthur Costa and Robert Garmston in the middle of the 1990s. This book explores a very interesting perspective on teaching that seems to have an intuitive value, meaning that there is no doubt about its importance. However, this perspective is normally not the first point of view that the scholars would research looking for ways and methods helping to increase the effectiveness of teaching. To be more precise, Costa and Garmston (1994) focus on the concept known as cognitive coaching. Namely, the authors offer moving the attention from the techniques used and the learners’ perception and capabilities to the cognitive processes of the teachers – the mechanisms that are responsible for their reflection on the experiences, reaction to various situations, and formulation of the instruction. The authors emphasize that a cognitive coach can be recognized for the employment of such techniques as educative questioning, paraphrasing, and pausing for a purpose to encourage and enable the learners’ skills of creative decision-making, problem-solving, planning, reflective thinking (Costa & Garmston, 1994). In other words, the authors point out that the specific cognition and perception of a teacher are to be studied as the processes that enforce learning. This approach puts the educators in control of the learning process through their own actions and thinking. In addition, the skills of a successful cognitive coach involve the ability to work with versatile types of learners in terms of personality and styles of learning and cognition. All in all, the authors emphasize the advantages of a cognitive coach due to his or her professional flexibility and adaptability (Costa & Garmston, 1994). Moreover, the skills of a cognitive coach are quite universal and can be learned and applied by educators with different backgrounds, styles, and professional philosophies. The Implications of the Ideas in the Book for Me as an Educator The idea discussed in the section above implies that the behavioral patterns of a teacher affect the students’ learning and comprehension; as a result, the teacher is viewed as being in a higher degree of control over the learning process. In other words, apart from the explicit effects, a teacher is capable of producing on the class, there are implicit influences that exist in the form of the internal cognition, reflection, and reaction of an educator making him or she perceive the classroom environment and dynamics in an individual way that forms the unique future approach to various issues. Practically, the techniques used by a cognitive coach are very similar to those of an average educator; however, each response or request of such a teacher is designed in a way to produce a deeper cognitive motivation of the learners and a better underst