ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There is definitely no doubt that current developments in information and communication technologies can bring about social change. This involves change in the way information is dispersed across populations. In my own opinion, I find the social change associated with current developments in information and communication technologies to be positive. Lack on information or inadequate systems for passing information keeps many people ignorant and incapable of exercising their abilities. With the current developments in ICTs, many people have been able to access vital information that has necessitated them to implement its contents into actions that have achieved positive social change. ICTs have created awareness among people thus improving the way of interpretation of some ideas including social ideas that bring about social change. Today, alternative forms of media (countless ways of accessing information) ranging from television programming at the living quarters to hand held devices with ability to access the World Wide Web have enabled many people to learn more about social change and phenomena that can make a difference to the world. These platforms have also increased the number of individuals who act upon the current issues passed across to enable positive social change. This is because being aware brings us far from a point of ignorance to a point of concern and appropriate action. Those actively involved in making a difference in terms of social change can perform more effectively from an informed perspective. Although many people will argue that knowing does not necessarily lead to action; I argue that it is the start point or drive towards taking actions from an informed perspective. Another point concerns the independence and fairness of most mass media. Most mass media avoid being restrictive and selective concerning the information told to the public. They always disclose or report incidents based on witnesses and in full disclosure. This has ensured unlimited perspectives on what is told by the media. Such levels of clarity and transparency that are exercised without any form of fear or favor have positively promoted social change. For instance, the information passed across by mass media has really contributed to social change in terms of women empowerment. Removal of such information from its original context may raise a lot of concerns in terms of credibility and reliability. The information may be regard as ethnocentric in nature and thus incapable of endorsing such social changes like women empowerment. But through transparency, honesty, clarity an independence of current ICTS, such types of in
I have chosen India as the most favorable destination for the export prospects of Blakleyovich Enterprises. India is a developing country with diverse business opportunities. During the past couple of years, India has emerged as a major business hub and a favorite destination for multinational companies. “Driven by the growth rate of over 8% in 2010 and a 350 million strong middle-class increasing purchasing power, the Indian market today is shaping the world’s economy” (Pathak, 1). India is also politically stable and the current Congress led government is expected to complete its term that ends in 2014. There was a steep drop in the country’s GDP growth during the financial year ending March 2013. ‘The Economist Intelligence Unit’ suggests that it is not a matter of grave concern because the Indian government has already taken strict measures and “a series of economic reforms since September 2012 to tackle the fiscal deficit and boost foreign investment” (The Economist, 1). Such actions, coupled with the strong global economy, are expected to enhance India’s GDP growth during the current fiscal year. Further, “India has emerged as the fourth largest economy globally with a high growth rate and has also improved its global ranking in terms of per capita income” (India Budget, 348). The Economic Intelligence Unit’s forecasts suggest the following figures pertaining to the Indian GDP: Figure 1: Indian GDP forecast. It is encouraging to note that “Real GDP growth is forecast to average 6.4% a year in 2012 – 30, making India the fastest growing large economy in the world during the period” (The Economist, 1). As far as the Indian currency is concerned, there has been a slow but steady increase in the conversion rates (to US Dollar). The chart at figure 2 depicts the changes in the conversion rates over the past couple of years. Figure 2: 5 year history of Indian Rupee’s conversion to US Dollar. The Internal Revenue Service of India declared the following average changes in the conversion rates as compared to US Dollar: 2010 to 2011 – 2.82% and 2011 to 2012 – 13.81% (IRS, 1). As compared to 2012, there was an increase of 3.76% in the conversion rate from US Dollar to Indian Rupee (YCharts, 1). The constant increase in the conversion rate is a positive sign for multinational companies that want to initiate business activities in the country. Blakleyovich Enterprises will have to spend fewer rupees irrespective of the fact that the dollar cost remains the same. The following forecasts, pertaining to the Indian business environment, by The Economist Intelligence Unit are also encouraging: Figure 3: Indian business environment forecast. It is estimated that Indian business environment will experience an upsurge during the mentioned periods. “The country’s overall score in the Economist Intelligence Unit’s rankings rises to 6.04, from 5.48 in the historical period. India’s global ranking rises by four places in 2012 – 16, to 56 th out of 82 countries” (The Economist, 1). India has a business friendly environment. There is a huge population of the labor class in the country, making it easy to arrange workers for va
Introduction In this essay, the researcher is going to discuss leadership by analyzing the theoretical perspective, as well as how it applies to management. The essay is divided into two major sections. The first section addresses the qualities of a leader. Section 2 gives the theoretical viewpoint of leadership. The section further analyzes various challenges experienced by leaders and how such challenges can be dealt with. From analysis, it is established that leadership refers to a social process of persuading individuals to carry out certain duties (Parker 2002, p. 12). In the modern world, conservative meaning of this idiom has changed. An organization has some goals that are both long-term and short-term. To facilitate realization of these goals, the administration employs leaders who have the capacity to form a team and ensure success. The theory of leadership in the new millennium is not linked to power in any way. Modern leaders believe in working with other employees to achieve desired results. This implies that leaders do not sit back and command employees to work but they get involved in production. Efficient leadership forms the backbone of a victorious organization because it allows a business to use its resources proficiently. Although it is much more fam
Historically, black employees have many times been sidelined from various institutions based on the unwarranted focus on their color as the more ‘weaker and primitive’ race. This discrimination has also been tagged speciously on the general ‘black culture’ towards any credibility in the work place. Black workers have unjustifiably been presumed to be only ‘fit’ as subordinate employees and could almost certainly raise eyebrows in the workplace whenever spotted in a relevant senior position. Racial discrimination is not only an historical American problem in the workplace, but it is now a global issue which has taken root in people’s attitude from different perspectives. However, since the passage of various Civil Rights Acts around the world, most companies and organizational entities now seek multicultural populations by looking for the leverage of talented leaders in order to meet their respective objectives. By doing this, they hope that these leaders will help them comprehend on how to appeal and get in touch with these populations since diversity is quickly becoming a business imperative for most organizations (Moreno 5). This has also led to the implementation of various policies and programs that will enhance the recruitment, growth, and advancement processes for ‘people of color’ especially within the organizational structures. Such steps have seen major conglomerates such as Aetna, Avon products, American Express, PepsiCo, and many others around the world being led by people of color. However, despite these signs of corporate improvement in diversifying personnel and promoting workers without a regard to their race or color, black employees are still struggling to surmount the effects of racism in the workplace since white employees are still governing most of these multinational corporations. In addition, leveraging on an employee in a diverse population always end up with a particular race being victimized through work termination as employers tend to match the contact race of an employee to that of the customer (Clark 4) The persistent reports and complaints on race discrimination is just an indication that although major corporations may not be carrying out palpable racism any more, other subtle contours of racism have quickly mounted to the platform to further make it increasingly harder to eradicate. Modern day racism can emerge in organizations especially when a legitimate authority figure gives out a business directive that will eventually initiate discriminatory actions. Racism can also take an aversive shape in a way that makes people embrace significant egalitarian values and distinguish themselves not to be prejudiced while having a cataleptic nega
The focal point of the paper is to analyze and evaluate Langston Hughes’ poem: Let America Be America Again. This poem is a mock celebration of the American dream and a pursue of a better life. This is the prime cause of migration. Migration is a subject that is studied on all levels when dealing with humanity and its idiosyncrasies. After analyzing numerous immigrant and minority texts, a trend takes place where immigrants are more able to overcome the difficulties of adaptation of the narrative more easily, whereas minorities are not. Faith and belief in the American dream can be directly related to the ability to assimilate into the dominant culture as a result an immigrant encompasses a mythic, almost religious, vision of America (Dollard, p. 356). The poet mocks this dream and criticizes the country for being a notion of hope that is fundamentally aligned towards the rich and not for the poor. But hope remains and the poet tries to see a future when the essence of the American dream would be ultimately realized. The dramatic conflict of the poem remains in the difference between hope and despair. It can be stated that some people realized the American dream in the long run. They traveled large distances and found a place to rest. This was a place of work and prosperity. It is also true that they quickly understood the vibe of the US culture and understood that this was a place, which was more aligned to a salad bowl than a melting pot. They found that they would be able to maintain the details and distinctions of their culture even though it was evident that they would soon blend into the cultural parameters of the new country. However, it should be mentioned that the initial generation mostly remained as outsiders but generations to come would easily assimilate into the mainstream. However, for the larger part, this dream is unrealized and the poet speaks on their behalf. It is not just for the African Americans but people with dreams who came to the US from all over the world (Dollard, p. 355). Langston Hughes is the speaker of the poem who identifies himself with this community of hopeless hopefuls. He represents a group of people who is “ Seeking a home where he himself is free. ” (Hughes, p. 78). But the conflict develops when this home is not attained and thus the poet says, “ Let it be the dream it used to be ”. To him, America is the name of the land that would one day emerge as a home to the poet. He says, “ O, let my land be a land where Liberty/ Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath,/ But opportunity is real, and life is free,/ Equality is in the air we breathe. ” (Hughes, 78) With each wish, it becomes certain that this hope is yet to be realized. However, the bigger picture is much more complex. In this respect, we can state that the US is more of a salad bowl than a melti
Compassion and justice are religious terms that advocate for the rights and privileges of the less fortunate in society. It takes compassion to recognize the needs of the poor people in the society and justice to relieve them of their miserable conditions of abject poverty. Different religions all over the world have been helping the poor by providing clothes, food and shelter as basic human needs, and eventually preach to them concerning their respective religious beliefs. Lupton argues that, “the urban landscape is changing and, as a result, urban ministries are at a crossroads …if the Church is to be an effective agent of compassion and justice, we must change our mission strategies” (40). Currently, religious bodies are devising more approachable and effective ways of helping the poor by considering new strategies of compassion and justice in their ministries. Deepening religious awareness and interconnectedness to each other people enhances religious unity among diverse religions. Unbiased awareness of other religions demystifies stereotyped beliefs associated with other religions and generates sense of trust between various religions, thus creating peaceful coexistence among religions. Religions reaffirmed their responsibility that they will “…promote dialogue and harmony between and within religions, recognizing and respecting the search for truth and wisdom that is outside our religion, and establish dialogue with all, striving for a sincere fellowship on our earthly pilgrimage” (Robinson 339). The reaffirmation by diverse religions to enhance religious awareness is to promote religious tolerance and interconnectedness. The current state of the world is very insensitive to the plight of the poor and the sick because the government and the church alone have great responsibility of helping the needy. Since the society is quite insensitive, creation of a compassionate world, where everybody can have a sense of compassion and can voluntarily take an initiative of helping the needy is necessary. Teaching children to be compassionate “…makes them become aware of the world and it teaches tolerance towards different cultures and personalities … this enables children to be more sensitive and caring, that in turn leads to better relationships with others as they grow into adulthood” (Goode 5). If people were compassionate, then they would be sensitive to the needy and respond to their needs appropriately, the world would become compassionate and a better place to live. Catholicism holds that the church has a moral and divine responsibility to provide for the needy and be advocates for their justice. According to Catholicism, “society ensures social justice when it provides the conditions that allow associations or individuals to obtain what is their due, according to their nature and their vocation. Social justice links to the common good and the exercise of
Introduction The UK has three distinctive legal authorities. They comprise of Scotland, Northern Ireland, and England and Wales. Even though there are refined variances among the three sovereign judicial structures, it should be noted that they share considerable parts of the common law (Riches 67 par.5). The article below illustrates the hierarchical arrangement of the court structure in England and Wales. Through this, an examination of each of the principal law courts will be provided with a stress on civil courts. Similarly, the article seeks to emphasis on how the common law policy of binding precedent relates to the court system. The hierarchical arrangement of the court structures in England and Wales In the United Kingdom, new laws are generated by the parliament or common law using judicial rulings (Adams 54 par.4). Parliament comprises of the House of Lords. The Parliament is mandated to legislate various statutes, which generate new laws. The hierarchal arrangement of the court system in England and Wales dictates that lower courts ought to put up with the higher court’s ruling. The table below illustrates the hierarchical arrangement of the court structure in England and Wales. The legal structure is indicated in descending order, which implies beginning with the highest-level court of the pecking order and concluding with the lowest one. Fig 1: The hierarchical arrangement of the court structure in England and Wales Supreme Court In England and Wales, the Supreme Court is the utmost court of petition. It is the topmost court in the hierarchical judicial system (Adams 55 par.2). Prior the passage of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, the House of Lords oversaw the above responsibility (Arnold 443 par.8). The court is also the uppermost court of appeal for decentralization issues. It hears petitions from the Court of Appeal and at times from the High Court. Senior Courts of the England and Wales They are second in hierarchy. They came into existence after the passage of Judicature Acts. They were later called the Supreme Court of England and Wales in early 1980 (Bass 12 par.4) However, with the enactment of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 the courts obtained their present name. They comprise of the following courts:   * Court of Appeal – it comprises of two partitions. They are Civil Division and Criminal Division. The Civil Division adjudicates to cases from High Court, County Courts, and other higher court of law. On the other hand, Criminal Division adjudicates to cases from Crown Court linked with hearings of severe offenses.   * High Court – it operates as a public court of first appeal and a civic and criminal appellate law court dealing with issues from lesser courts. It comprises of three segments. They are the Queen’s Bench, the Chancery, and the Family partitions. The segments of this court are not discrete courts. As such, the divisions have slightly distinct processes and practices modified for their roles. Even though specific kinds of trials will be allocated to eac
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) touches on the activities that organizations undertake to make the lives of the people in the society better. They also touch on the activities that the same corporations take to frustrate the community. Many scholars argue that the only reason why companies embrace CSR is to solve the problems that they have created and make a good public image in return (Scott, Dam, Páez, & Wilton, 2012). This essay reviews a book that raises concerns about some aspects of corporate social responsibility. The book under analysis is the second edition of Zygmunt Baumann’s “Work, Consumerism and the New Poor” as presented in the book, “ Issues in Society ” edited by Tim May. The chapter of the book is trying to analyze some of the questions related to the social dynamics of life that shape society. In particular, it examines poverty and the concept of being poor. The book comprises of a series of ‘mini-books’ that touch on several aspects of life. However, only the first book, which also acts as the first chapter, will be analyzed in this assignment. The first part of the book delves into poverty and the classification of some people as ‘poor’. Other parts of the book analyze social exclusion, governance, families and violence, health, and the environment, among other things. It suffices to mention that all the chapters, which are written in the form of ‘mini-books’, revolve around the society. Time is not given a lot of importance in the first chapter termed, “ Work, Consumerism and the New Poor “. For example, the author shows that the concept of ‘poor’ has changed over time, but the category is still associated with people who are considered less privileged in the society. The author tries to explain why poverty has modernized, and people are not only termed poor because of the amount of wealth they have accumulated but because of the type of consumers they have become. Bauman goes further and analyzes the factors that have affected poverty and modernized it; for instance, digital consumers and the digital platform, in general. Additionally, Bauman argues that poverty is defined and shaped by the definition of the rich. Therefore, if the term ‘rich’ refers to people living in a particular estate, then everyone else living outside the estate will not be considered rich. Such people come up with other titles, for instance, the middle class. Those who are least privileged are referred to as the poor. In the same breath, ‘rich’ can also refer to people who use the digital platform for all their activities. Therefore, they can watch television, buy an
Introduction Ceremony or performance of rituals has been in existence with humans for all their life on earth. Evolution of humans has shown that human beings have that inner desire to always believe in a being with greater power, and to always look for ways of paying homage to that Supreme Being. This drive has resulted in the creation of rites that are sacred. There is no doubt that our ancestors were very religious, just in the same way people are at present as seen from the things they do in their daily life. This means that in life, everything has some spiritual importance. People usually get a sense of empowerment through rituals, they are united in a communication to the higher being, and they are also able to satisfy their inner desires. This paper will discuss the importance of sacred sites in performance of rituals. Shi’i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran Much of the history of the Middle East dwells on two Islamic groups, the Shi’is, and the Sunnis. The Shi’is is a group that supports the descendants of Prophet Mohammad whom they believe should be his successors. This there has made them to be in opposition to the Sunnis who are associated with the ruling class. This opposition has attracted many people because of its religious inclinations. The rituals and symbols that are performed during the month of Moharram are linked to this opposition where by the Shi’is remember the war at Karbala where the offspring of Prophet Mohammad were killed including his Grandson, Hoseyn. The rituals involved mourning and recounting of these killings. These symbols and rituals have grown to become popular among the Iranian culture. [1] The rulers used these symbols to strengthen their relationships with the people. One group that was successful in this area was the Qajars. There were those who used their power to suppress these rituals. These included rulers like Reza Shah and his son Mohammad. There followed revolutionaries, who used the rituals to overthrow the existing regime and put in place an Islamic regime. The Iranian State has also used these symbols and rituals to stamp its authority and legitimacy, although the opposition and the society as a whole, uses them to check the government. Failure by the state to incorporate the rituals and symbols into its policies can lead to a crisis as it happened to the Pahlavi regime. The present Iranian government has effectively used these symbols, and that is why it is hard for any one to oppose it. The symbols and rituals performed during Moharram in Iran have been effective in expressing ideals both socially and politically. [2] From the Qur’an The holly book, the Qur’an, to the Muslims is a symbol that gives them guidance in their daily lives. The holly book comprises of the actions, sayings, and recommendations given by the prophet to his followers. It gives all Muslims legal authority in their land as well spiritual purity. Apart from its theological and politi