ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The study by Mader et al (2008) focused on analyzing the provision of healthcare services for the elderly in-home settings. Such options were evaluated as an alternative for hospital care, justified by such factors as reducing complications, increased satisfaction, and reduced costs. The article focused on the practical implementation of such an option, transitioning from research setting to a non-research clinical care model. The implementation focused on several aspects including eliminating the age limit, the diagnosis criteria, the physicians’ qualifications criteria, and others. The results showed significant benefits of the real implementation of the program. The main benefit can be seen in that the patients, regardless of their age are more willing to stay at home than in a hospital setting to receive care. Thus, such factors might indicate better satisfaction of the patient and the caregiver, as well as less stress. Accordingly, there were several benefits for the health system as well including the reduction of pressure on hospitals, as a result of early discharge. The article generally, concluded that despite a few limitations, Hospital at Home (HaH) “for selected patients with selected acute medical conditions is a safe and efficacious model of care” (Mader et al., 2008, p. 2321). Analyzing the article, it can be stated that the main idea of providing healthcare service in home settings is beneficial in many aspects. Generally, it is agreed that most people prefer to receive care in settings familiar to them. The latter is specifically important to those with cases of chronic diseases. In that regard, feeling comfortable in a familiar setting is a factor in itself significant to reducing overall anxiety and stress for elderly patients. The idea of preventive care is especially important, as it might help to increase the efficiency of service delivery, although it might require additional research to clarify the costs differences; according to the study, there were no significant differences found. As for the study In Mader et al (2008), the limitations in the study might prevent the generalization of the described case to other settings. Accordingly, the absence of age limitations might imply a vast span in the age of the patients. Generally, it can be concluded that home care is a beneficial service, whether on-demand or as a preventive measure, especially for the elderly.
Response to Nadine Pierre Jean This post presents guidelines on screening procedures for eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating. The use of the Sick Control One stone Fat Food (SCOFF) tool is suggested as the primary measure for screening (George, 2015). However, in some patient scenarios, this measure may be inappropriate. For example, some other mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder, may have similar symptoms (National Institute of Mental Health, 2018). The patient with such a condition may also believe that they are fat and report the loss of weight while not having an eating disorder. Thus, the SCOFF tool would provide a misleading result and may lead to poor patient outcomes. In such a scenario, I would evaluate not only the patient’s answers but other symptoms that may indicate the condition. For example, an individual may be initially referred to the screening for anorexia, bulimia or binge eating but show signs of suicidal behavior, which means that it is vital to assess their general mental health state and consider the prevalence of other conditions rather than an eating disorder. As an advanced practice nurse, I would try to incorporate the suggested guidelines into my practice, while using a comprehensive approach to screening for eating disorders. I would advocate for using the SCOFF tool in cases when patients feel comfortable with answering questions and sharing personal information. However, if individuals are nervous or irritated, I would suggest the utilization of other types of evaluation, such as self-assessment questionnaires and the analysis of patients’ behavior related to diet and nutrition. Response to Melissa Bosser This report features several screening guidelines for different types of cancer. The recommendations include the use of Pap tests, mammogram, sigmoidoscopy, and pelvic exam. The scenario in which my colleague’s guidelines might be inappropriate is the use of mammogram for breast cancer diagnosis in women more than 74 years old (Braithwaite, Demb, & Henderson, 2016). Braithwaite et al. (2016) note that for this age group, there is a high risk of false-positive mammography result, which causes misdiagnosis. It means that the current screening guidelines may be ineffective and result in poor patient outcomes. To provide appropriate care in the scenario with an elderly patient, it is vital to optimize the screening strategy and measure the impact of benefits and harms associated with false mammography results and misdiagnosis. Evidence suggests that in women more than 74 old, the annual screening is ineffective as it may not allow saving the patient’s life due to the average life expectancy (Braithwaite et al., 2016). In this scenario, I would analyze the patient’s family history of breast cancer and past biopsies, as well as evaluate the level of breast density before deciding on the screening method. In addition, I would consider the life expectancy factor to assess the benefits for the individual. As an advanced practice nurse, I would advocate for changes in the existing methods us
The first aspect that can be considered a reason behind LinkedIn’s success is its definitive stance in the question of differentiating between social and professional media. At the time of the service’s arrival to the scene, the online domain was already familiar with the concept of social networks, mainly due to the massive success of platforms such as Facebook and MySpace (Yoffie et al. 1). Since LinkedIn closely resembled the said resources in its fundamental concepts, it was tempting to organize it on a largely similar premise, leaving the professional aspect as a theme. Instead, the founders decided that it needs to be associated with social networks as little as possible, citing a similar distinction observable in other types of media and arguing that there is no reason why the same distinctions are unnecessary in the online domain. It was also expected that the service users would appreciate the differentiation on an organizational, psychological, and ethical level, in the same way as they traditionally differentiate between their personal and professional life. Another valuable addition was the fact that the service was strongly oriented towards the corporate domain and, as a result, appealed to organizations as well as individuals, thus facilitating support from both sides. By this principle, the development of the platform took a two-pronged approach aimed at satisfying both audiences. The interface for the individual users was strictly professional, with little to no details outside of the professional field. The networking component relied heavily on the connection between the users by utilizing the concept of the degrees of contacts (the number of connections through which every two parties were related). To reach the party of interest (e.g. a potential partner or an employer), the user was required to request an introduction to all of the involved connections (essentially intermediaries). After this, the parties were required to agree with the establishment of a connection n
In his post, S. Leffingwell identified quick and easy access to information for both patient and physician as the main advantage of big data in healthcare. This is undoubtedly the major advantage which will help both improve the efficiency of the work of medical providers and the level of patient care. An interesting example was also given of how a physician can predict based on data the trajectory of recovery and adjust treatment. However, the convenience and usefulness of big data come with a number of serious problems, as noted in the post. A significant challenge is data security and storage to protect patients’ personal information. Cyberattacks are a serious concern not only for the healthcare system but for all areas of use of big data. However, at the moment, the development of technology has reached a certain stage, including the economic one (Tao et al., 2019). In this regard, the big data market has attracted not only cyber criminals but also companies creating data protection products. However, both investment and technical specialists are needed to implement such programs. According to data, currently, there is a shortage of “190,000 or more workers with analytical expertise and 1.5 million more data-literate managers only in the United States” (Sarkar, 2017, p. 137). Thus, solving shadow problems and protecting against cyber attacks is impossible without a sufficient number of personnel. To improve the security of patient data and to interact more effectively with technology, it is necessary to hire more staff of the appropriate profile. The right measure would also be not only to recruit new staff but also to
Introduction Sustainable or Green housing design involves designing buildings that have the least impact on the environment. These buildings need to ensure that the impact on the environment is the least with reference to the carbon dioxide released, energy consumed, amount of water used, waste generated and disposed of and the materials used for construction. This paper discusses the design of sustainable housing and provides plan samples, details of materials used, waste disposal system and how the expected costs of the buildings. Requirements of Sustainable Buildings The Department for Communities and Local Government, London has released a code for sustainable design and this guide provides all the technical requirements for buildings that have to be designated as green buildings (Code, September 2007). The paper would use these specifications in framing the design. Areas of the building that would be covered include Energy and CO2 Emission, Water, Materials, Surface Water Run-off, Waste, Pollution and costs. Figure 1. View of a Sustainable Housing (Edwards, 2000). Design of the Sustainable House Modular homes form one of the best alternatives when it comes to designing a sustainable house as it is cost-effective, requires lesser time to build, is rigid and can be customized easily to meet specific requirements. With advances in technology, construction material and manufacturing processes, modular housing is aesthetically appealing, has intricate designs and is suitable for homes, offices as well as large buildings. Modular housing needs to conform to HUD specifications as well as any local specifications. A wide range of plans and materials are available to allow modular homes to be used for sustainable housing (UVA. 13 February 2008). Sample Plan The plan of the modular sustainable house is shown below. The roof of the house has solar panels for the optional generation of electricity for use during summer. Figure 1. Sample Plan of a Sustainable Modular Building (CIWMB, 2007). The right image shows details of the waste treatment plant. Details of the building will be explained in the next sections. Design of Waste Treatment As per the specifications of the Code for Sustainable Homes (Code, 2007), wastewater must be effectively treated before it is disposed into the environment. The wastewater is regarded as affluent and consists of blackwater or toilet waste and greywater that includes kitchen, shower, sink, and laundry waste. In the sustainable design, effluent flows directly from the house into a watertight, underground,
Abstract Media advertising is largely used by modern companies to attract potential customers and promote products. The aim of this paper is to use knowledge about social media and define the strategy for advertising a certain product. The social media source is chosen based on the specifics of the product that needs to be advertised. The checklist is supposed to help to clarify the steps that need to be taken to ensure the success of the campaign. Determining the risks related to the chosen approach and selling tactic appropriate for it helps to analyze the chosen strategy and focus on its advantages and benefits. The exploration of the role of advertising on the Internet in the process of raising the profitability of the company contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism used by the World Wide Web for effective stimulation of revenues for the companies using it for business purposes. The Product and the Social Media The product I would advertise is a new local newspaper exploring the issues related to music concerts and festivals in the city and the region. The aim of the advertising campaign would be to attract as many readers as possible and promote the selling of monthly subscriptions. The major group of the target audience would include the local youth aged 18-28. The form of social media I would use to advertise this product is the most popular social media site – Facebook. This social media source appears to be one of the best choices for advertising the products interesting for the youth, as young people comprise the biggest part of Facebook users and use the Web site on a daily basis. The usage of page post link ads would help to increase the chances of clicking on the link to the website, offering a subscription to the product. The usage of sponsored stories would help to attract attention to the newspaper publications interesting for a certain category of people. Besides, Facebook offers an opportunity to target the needed audience by choosing the profiles that correspond to the needed age group and location. Checklist:  1. Identification of the target market  2. Identification of the objective of the advertising campaign  3. Analysis of marketing activities of the competitors  4. Defining the budget  5. Requesting important information from the advertiser  6. Focus on the age group that is most interested in buying the product  7. Focus on the local audience  8. Use of several Facebook ad types  9. Sticking to the budget plan for the advertising campaign 10. Effective use of unique selling points 11. Use of the image that represents the product and attracts the attention of the users 12. Use of the call-to-action title motivating the users to click through the page offering to buy the product 13. The introduction of attractive features of the product through a creative message in the text field. 14. Effective use of stories related to the product in sponsored stories ads 15. Use of Cost per Click (CPC) model 16. Effective assessment of results 17. Analysis of the effec
Executive Summary The workforce in the Australian medical field faces a lot of problems, which are mainly caused by human resource issues as regards the way it hires, develops and retains the workforce in the medical field. The health care workforce consists of doctors, general practitioners, and specialists; the issues require the intervention of the government as well as non-governmental organisations. This report outlines the issues and presents the HR strategies, which can be used to deal with them. The information regarding the HR problems and strategies will be collected from academic literatures, including journal articles and books. Introduction Purpose of the Report The medical field is one of the departments that are regarded as very important. Even though the medical field is not a profit making sector, it certainly is quite beneficial to the government as it looks into the health of the Australian citizens. For that reason, the field requires support from the government as well as from non-governmental organisations. It is evident that the workers in the medical field face a lot of problems while going about their business. The main cause of the problems in the health sector is doctor’s shortage. The main purpose of this report is outlining the problems concerning attracting and retaining quality doctors, and proposing the ways in which they can be solved. Background Information The workforce in the medical field in Australia comprises of doctors, general practitioners, and specialists. The general practitioners are the individuals who are mandated to look into the primary medical care of the Australians. The practitioners have the right to refer patients with special conditions to doctors or specialists, depending on the seriousness of their illnesses. The number, distribution and the balance of the workforce in the field are the main factors that affect the efficiency of the workforce. The Australian health workforce is composed of practitioners of different ages and is quite effective at attending to their patients. Most of the practitioners have great experience in the field of medicine and could be highly efficient were it not for their small number. Scope and Focus of the Report The scope of this report is to assess the issues that surround the attempts of the government and stakeholders in the medical field in attracting, developing and maintaining quality medical practitioners. The focus is to suggest ways through which human resource strategies can be employed in the field to ensure that a sufficient number of quality practitioners ar
Introduction The health care bill brought a mixture of reactions from various quarters including lawsuits that challenged the constitutionality of the bill. Despite several efforts made by previous American presidents to actualize this bill, it was still a huddle. However, the bill eventually came into being after Barack Obama the current United States president signed it in March 2010 hence leading to a complete change in the healthcare system (The New York Times, 2011). This legislation enabled over thirty million Americans to be able to access affordable healthcare. Consequently, the main aim of this bill is to subsidize the cost of medical care using federal resources hence enabling middle and lower-class citizens to access affordable medical care. Additionally, it also aimed at expanding Medical aid in the country. Body This legislation enables American citizens to get private medical coverage at subsidized costs. It also prohibits insurance companies from denying insurance cover to individuals with preexisting conditions. Additionally, it also set up a committee of experts to regulate the government repayment to those individuals who showed significant improvement after the administration of treatment. Moreover, it also creates an incentive scheme for the insurance provider companies in terms of bulk rather than the number of individual covers. Before enactment, the bill faced strong opposition from the Republicans (The New York Times, 2011). This was evident when they did not vote for it; instead, they voted for its repeal. Moreover, the legislation faced several challenges including its unconstitutional nature. However, this legislation is pending in most district courts, and a few have ruled on it. The most controversial clause is that it requires all American citizens to have a medical cover or pay a fine. This is infringing the basic right of an individual’s freedom of making personal decisions and the way of living. This act goes against Article I of the United States of America constitution and the tenth amendment. Furthermore, the fine imposed for non-compliant citizens includes the capitalization of direct taxes, which is against the law. This condition goes against Article I of the constitution and specifically sections two and nine. Consequently, it also goes against the sovereignty of the American states. For instance, it requires Florida to increase its uptake of enrollees to fifty percent and broaden its medical care eligibility. As a result, Florida State will spend additional resources to implement this requirement (The New York Times, 2011). Additionally, the citizens living in Florida will have to get medical coverage or face a fine. The act goes ahead and makes mandatory the federal-state partnership, which was previously voluntary where the federal government removes the discretion of the plaintiff and the related state. This is against the very principle of federalism whi
Culture is a way of life that guides our lives in almost all aspects of life. They guide human beings to develop perceptions, the way they judge things and the way they approach issues in the society. Though culture is a powerful tool in the society, it at times sparks violence and attempt to solve the same conflicts in unnoticeable ways. The culture of a people is more than the ethnic language, way of dressing and their way of working. Even though a given group of people may share a common language, race, and nationality other factors such as gender, spiritual affiliations and economic status may bring about differences in their ways of life. Cultures are determined by the society with respect to the changing scope of life so that they make meaning to human identities (Kachru, 1996). Culture and conflict go hand in hand because of the nature of human interactions. In a society where racism is practiced, the people who are discriminated feel that life is meaningless and purposeless. Racism tends to impart perceptions to people that a group of people of a given colour are more superior to others. The perception has been intertwined in the cultures of different groups of people in the society thereby leading to conflicts of culture. According to Lederach (1995), the culture we practice tend to shape the way we perceive things, the way we name and the way we govern, therefore calming conflicts. Whenever a conflict arises, culture is always a reason for its occurrence whether the influence is small or big. This is due to the fact that all the conflicts that affect our lives have affiliations in our cultures. More often, people who are looked down upon on basis of racism are judged on unfair grounds and their main task in life is to work towards achieving success and being segregated for not keeping their identities. I therefore agree with Albert Camus argument that racism brings absurdity.