ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Despite the fact that the engineering is constantly being enriched with the new notions and techniques which add the new ways and methods to make the process of engineering quicker and flawless, the science still has its basics, which are modeling, prototyping and CASE tools. Whenever there is a computer problem to solve, there is always the necessity to take the abovementioned notions into account. The quality of the program working depends on these issues to the highest degree. Now I would like to give definition for these notions. Modeling includes creating the scheme, the outline for the future project. It enables the engineer to help to see the problem at once and to understand the ways to solve the puzzle. As Shelly points it out, there are three kinds of modeling that can improve the process: The system analysis phase includes four main activities: requirements modeling, data and process modeling, object modeling and consideration of development strategies. (138) As it can be seen, modeling is basically creating a platform which will hold the program atop. The next element, prototyping, means that a certain piece of work is produced quickly as a draft: “prototyping produces an early, rapidly constructed working version of the proposed information system called a prototype” (Shelly 314). However, the prototype version can have certain mixed effects on the system operation: Some found prototyping to be positively related to higher system performance, but others found that prototyping might create less robust, less functional systems, with potentially less coherent designs. (Chiang 51) Thus, it is clear that the idea of prototyping concerns a draft of the future program that highlights
Introduction Today, companies face many problems and difficulties. Every year a considerable number of new products appear on the market; most product categories are represented by many brands, numbering in the tens or even hundreds. Companies have begun to pay considerable attention to the successful formation of their branding. It provides them with access to new segments and markets, additional consumers, the ability to create new products, or modify the old ones. Successful formation of a brand serves as a sustainable competitive advantage, as well as results in significant profit margins and notable performance, transforming the company into a recognizable actor. This paper aims to investigate the core aspects of branding, as well as provide several specific examples of it. Theoretical Background Branding is part of strategic management, and the primary responsibility of the brand is not merely communicating with customers, luring their attention, but representing the company (Shaw, 2018). Nevertheless, for most firms, marketing and corporate communications are the most powerful, but not the only, branding tools (Dibb, Simkin, Pride and Ferrell, 2019). That is why, in order to achieve the greatest benefit for the company, the communicator must have a global vision of the brand, its essence, role, features. Then, branding may be perceived as an action aimed at creating a long-standing choice in favor of a product founded on the joint influence on a customer of trademarks, packaging, and advertisement, unified by a particular notion, which distinguishes the product from rivals. (Shaw, 2018). It should also be mentioned that the concepts of brand and trademark should not be confused; the former is a broader concept (Dibb, Simkin, Pride and Ferrell, 2019).. In addition to the name, images, and certain symbols, the brand also includes the product itself and its inherent characteristics, associations, and expectations of consumers. It also contains data on the target consumers of the product and the manufacturer’s promise of some benefits that consumers will receive by purchasing this product. Brands are a complex of impressions that remain with a customer as a result of using a product. The brand contributes to the following; first, it is identifying or recognizing the product when it is mentioned. Second, it is detaching from competitors – selecting the product from the general mass, as well as creating an attractive and trustworthy image for consumers. Third, it is focusing on various emotions that a client associates with the product. Fourth, it is making a purchase decision and confirming the correctness of choice – getting satisfaction from the decision made. Finally, it is forming a group of regular customers who associate their lifestyle with the brand. The presence of brands means that the goods will value more, the idea will have more adherents, and more voters will vote f
Introduction Culture in the Middle East has been under the Islamic regime for decades, which has crippled its voice largely. Social and cultural morals depicted through literature or popular media have historically been policed and written in accordance with the believed moral code. Iranian cinema and literature has been no exception. Still, a silent revolt against the Islamic ‘totalitarianism’ is voiced, even though apparently they reveal no social or political influence 1 . Further, it has been observed that in the post-1979 revolution, Iranian cinema has evolved with a “unique ideological, thematic, generic, and production values” 2 . This change is not exclusive to cinema, rather it has been observed even in literature and media. Iranian cinema and literature has shaped the present cultural mores of the society through creation of a cultural identity as well as shaping the psychology of the people 3 . Today Iranian cinema and literature is at the crossroads with depiction of a unique and revolting society depicting changing gender relations, socio-political condition, and youth upheaval. The essay studies the representation of Middle Eastern culture and society through the eyes of Iranian cinema. Even though the Middle East is essentially heterogeneous, with “no homogeneous shared identity”, it is argued by many psychologists that there exists a “common Arab psychology” which acts as the unifying adhesive 4 . Therefore, when we interpret the Iranian culture, it, largely is reminiscent of the culture and society of the rest of the Middle East. This essay is an account of the rise of the Iranian cinema in the post-1979 Islamic Revolution era, and how it shows the present cultural and social norms in the Iranian society. This essay accounts for the changing cinema and the changes in the Iranian culture and society. Drug Problem After the Islamic revolution repetitive failures on the part of the elected Iranian government made the youth disappointed with the country’s leadership 5 . The politically active Iranian youth lost their idealism and became less proactive, and became more interested in material pleasure and gain. Illicit drug addiction became rampant among urban youths who felt alienated. According to Varzi increased use of drugs, suicide, identity crisis, etc. are examples of self-annihilation and cultural indifference of the Iranian youth in the contemporary society 6 . This has become a revel
In their book titled Global Terrorism , Lutz & Lutz (2004) note that critics of the U.S. policies on global terrorism often questions the capacity of the policies to meet international threshold and the will of America to involve other traditionally non-aligned state actors in the fight on global terrorism. However, the article by The Jamestown Foundation demonstrates the U.S. willingness and commitment to cooperate with all countries in the fight against global terrorism, thus rendering tenable the view that the U.S. is interested in developing frameworks that will ensure inclusivity in the war on global terrorism. The article by The Jamestown Foundation is a chronology of terrorist attacks believed to have been carried out by the Caucasus Emirate insurgent group under the leadership of Doku Umarov against Russian targets. The Caucasus Emirate has been previously accused of providing material and financial support to terrorist, terrorist networks or acts of terrorism, and the number and frequency of terrorist attacks perpetrated using improvised devices (IEDs), vehicle-born IEDs and suicide bombers seems to render credibility to assertions made by a number of countries, including Russia, that the Caucasus Emirate is responsible in providing support to the insurgent group. The latest of the series of attacks targeted two Moscow subway stations, where 40 people lost their lives (The Jamestown Foundation, 2011). An internet search on the Caucasus Emirate insurgent network demonstrates evidence that this group has indeed claimed responsibility in a number of terrorist attacks highlighted by The Jamestown Foundation, and Umarov, the group’s leader, has been on record for encouraging his followers to undertake aggressive attacks against the Caucasus Emirate’s perceived enemies, which include the U.S., Israel, Russia, and the UK. Evidence demonstrated by The Jamestown Foundation about the activities of the terror group provides enough grounds for the U.S. to use Presidential Executive Order 13224 against the Caucasus Emirate with the view to disrupt Umarov’s financial support network and degrade the group’s capacity to mount terrorist attacks on Russian interests. Although Executive Order 13224 has received its fair share of criticisms, mainly for its over-inclusive language and over-broad implementation strategies (Ferrer, 2009), it has been effective in dismantling and neut
When a civil action is brought, the type of law often applicable to it is tort law. Tort law presupposes that certain harm has been done to the victim who subsequently sues the plaintiff and demands reimbursement of damages. The party at fault can be represented by several participants in the misfortune, and the liability is thus shared by those who inflicted the harm. To render rightful justice, it is therefore important to correctly determine the guilty parties and the level of their liability for the wrong caused to the victim. In the case under consideration, it is obvious that several parties are to be held liable for the situation when the victim got his both wrists amputated by mistake. The initial harm was caused by manufacturing defects in the basketball rim produced by ACE Sports. Failure to perform proper quality control and notice the flaw that occurred during production, as well as failure to warn the customer of the latent danger of the product leads to the necessity of imposing liability on ACE Sports, and that liability in terms of tort law is strict, which does not depend on the degree of the carelessness of the guilty party but applies to cases when a particular action causes damage irrespective of the wrongdoer’s intention. The second liable party appears to be the nurse at the City General hospital who failed to administer proper first aid to the victim, leaving him to stop the bleeding himself, thus violating the duty of care for her patient which she owed to him as a medical worker obliged to take immediate measures in emergency case. The fateful delay caused by finding out the insurance details, and the subsequent transfer of the victim to the local county facility should not have taken place, as by the EMTALA Statute (2008), “A participating hospital may not delay the provision of an appropriate medical screening examination … or further medical examination and treatment … to inquire about the individual’s method of payment or insurance status” and “if an individual at a hospital has an emergency medical condition which has not been stabilized …, the hospital may not transfer the individual”. Breaking both of those requirements of the law, the nurse has thus committed the tort of negligence towards the patient and should bear the blame as well. Furthermore, the victim suffered from the negligent actions of the surgeon who arranged the amputation and erroneously cut the wrong wrist off. Unlike the Tyler case (Castaneda, 2000), where the shock-trauma doctor could not have prevented the harm due to incomplete information given to him by the medical staff, the surgeon is a guilty party in the reviewed case, as he was properly informed and directly involved into preparations and the surgery itself. However obvious the blame of the parties discussed may be, circumstances are pointing at
Introduction The management of human resources in a health care facility is of critical importance. For that reason, it entails a big share of the operational cost of a hospital. The organization structure of the nurses affects the working conditions of the nurses and enables them to provide quality care. This paper will analyze the importance of the organizational structure and how it affects the normal operations of the rehabilitation center. Nursing rehabilitation center organizational structure Rehabilitation centers require many individuals so that the running of the facility is effective and reliable. An organizational structure will help to direct the individuals so that they know whom they are answerable to. Nursing homes are complex and have many partners and personnel in the working environment (Finkelman, 2006). At the top of the organizational structure is the owner who has the full control of the facility. If the facility is under a company, then the owner of that company is sometimes listed as the director of the facility (Rowland & Rowland, 1997). After the directors, there are administrators who are responsible for the daily running of the facility. The two directors are the director of nursing and the director of rehabilitation services. The nursing director takes care of the nurses and the nursing services in the facility. The rehabilitation services are taken care and managed by the rehabilitation director. Other directors Other directors are found in the same level as medical directors; they include directors of the nursing homes and non-medical services directors. These include heads of various sections, kitchen and catering and departments of the recreation. The staff who are tasked with aiding and assisting the nurses come below departmental heads but are placed above the nursing
Structured Analytic Techniques for Improving Intelligence Analysis When speaking about structured analytic techniques for improving intelligence analysis, one is to think about common perceptual and cognitive biases which impact on mental processes. There is a need to point out that the so-called perceptual biases give us an opportunity to expect something. Such expectations seem to be rather strong and difficult to change even if some certain facts are presented. Biases in evaluating evidence are mostly associated with some reliable data, which are used to make certain conclusions. Biases in estimating probabilities give people an opportunity to recall certain events or to predict something. Biases in perceiving causality give us an opportunity to avoid certain errors. Generally, these biases as well as techniques (diagnostic techniques, contrarian techniques and imaginative thinking techniques) help people avoid certain rigid ways of thinking. Taking into account contemporary situations in politics, one can state that the listed types of biases always take place. For instance, the current president of the USA was sure that he didn’t fail the elections. “Many Harvard experts have predicted that today’s presidential election will bring a certain victory for Barack Obama” (Jain, 2008). So, perceptual biases took place. On the other hand, when speaking about the scientists who predicted war in various parts of the Earth, one can make a conclusion that biases in evaluating evidence as well as diagnostic techniques were used to make certain conclusions. Assessing the Tradecraft of Intelligence Analysis Generally, intelligence analysis cycle includes numerous processes, namely raw data distribution, processed data dissemination, analysis product dissemination, intelligence products dissemination, questions and issues,
Abstract A curriculum is important to both the students and the school instructors and therefore the two parties should be considered in its development. The physical education is an important part of the school curriculum although it is neglected in most schools. This essay therefore looks at the importance of physical education in the school curriculum. Secondly, the paper discusses the importance of instructions and the ability of students to follow them as well as the role-played by effective instructions in overcoming constraints by students and school instructors. Finally, there is the incorporation of school’s curriculum with physical education instructions. Physical education Curriculum Instructions determine how a learning institution is run and therefore are very important. There are different forms of instructions such as verbal and written instructions and the choice of the mode of instruction depends on their suitability in relation to the parties concerned. Choice of instruction mode also depends on various factors such as the type of instructions, the information, student’s level and student’s abilities. The most important determinant of the mode of instructions is the subject considering that all other factors are held constant. This implies that the school management and curriculum developers should develop a curriculum that is free from constraints to the students as well as the instructors (Curzon, 1985). In addition, a curriculum that is free from constraints is beneficial to the students and the instructors because it makes work easier. In the modern age, the use of technology has increased and therefore schools and learning institutions have embraced technology. In schools, the use of technology comes in as an extra tool and as a teaching aid to instructors. In particular, schools can apply technology as a means of instructions and therefore the student’s ability to follow instructions is determined. Although technology can be of great benefits to the school instructors and students, most institutions have not fully utilized these benefits. As stated by Taylor (2006), although the emerging technologies have many benefits as a means of instruction their benefits are not reflected in schools. From this statement, it can be concluded that most schools do not benefit from technology due to lack of implementation. The statement also shows that use of technology contributes to the passing of instructions by the school instructors. Howell (2003) confirms this statement and goes on to give Ontario schools as some of the schools that have not fully applied technology as a means of instructions despite having ability to do so. This statement confirms that technology can be of great importance in the instructions of students and that most schools have not fully exploited this resource
The Nuer people mostly lived in Southern Sudan and their culture is very similar to that of the Dinka who live to their west (Holtzman, 2000). The Nuer culture has been forced or influenced to change by various factors. Introduction of western civilization led to a civil war due to collision between those who believed and still held on to traditional culture and those who had embraced the western culture (Holtzman, 2000). Another factor was that of cattle rustling (Holtzman, 2000). The Dinka and Nuer communities stole cattle from each other and in the process, killed each other. Traditionally, this was considered to be a spiritual pollution and some sort of cleansing was to be performed by an earth priest before eating or drinking (Holtzman, 2000). Thus the Nuer were forced to flee from Sudan and become refugees in both the United States and neighboring countries such as Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania (Holtzman, 2000). From what I have learnt, the change in the Nuer traditional culture has been for the better since opportunities like job opportunities have been created, something which would have been impossible if they were still living in Sudan (Holtzman, 2000). Many have also vowed to go back to Sudan and try changing the traditional culture for the betterment of their community (Holtzman, 2000). If I was in charge of the Sudan government, I would try and introduce programs to educate the Nuer community on the advantages of cultural change for the advancement of the country as a whole. I would also sit down with their respective elders and discuss on ways of finding lasting solutions concerning their civil war due to cattle rustling. By this, Sudan would once again be a safe haven for all. Reference Holtzman, Jon. (2000). Nuer Journeys, Nuer Lives: Sudanese Refugees in Minnesota. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Introduction Founded in the year 1995, Yahoo is one of the largest companies in the world. The company is one of the most famous organizations in the word in terms of the revenue they make in a year. In fact, it is reported to make profits of billions of dollars every year. Although many companies originate from men and women who have been in a certain field for long having many years of experience in a particular profession, the origin of Yahoo or rather the inventors of the company have left the world with wonders. It surprises people upon realizing that only two engineering students founded the corporation in the year 1995. However, the idea was conceived a year earlier by these students while undertaking their electrical engineering degree at Stanford University (Manber, Patel, and Robison 45). The corporation that was initially named as ‘Jerrys guide to the world’ attracts close to a billion people every month with the number described to be growing each day in the over thirty languages that it can be found (Manber, Patel, and Robison 45). Since the transformation into a fully-fledged corporation, there have been a number of changes in the management with each of the Chief Executive officers being faced by new challenges each day. The most significant parts of Yahoos history are the periods after the year 2001. The years that followed can be grouped into eras. Before this year, the company flourished as the dot-com bubble was in place (Manber, Patel, and Robison 45). The company made record profits in this period with the share prices being highest then for the corporation. However, the period is significant because the bursting of the dot-com bubble brought about challenges as Cohen-Almagor states (67). In the period between 2001 to the present, the corporation has changed the management a number of times. Seven CEOs have served in it since 2001. These CEOs and the periods of service include Marissa Mayer (2012–present), Ross Levinsohn Interim (2012), Scott Thompson (2012), Tim Morse Interim (2011–2012), Carol Bartz (2009–2011), Jerry Yang (2007–2009), and Terry Semel (2001–2007) from current to earliest. For the purpose of discussion in this paper, the periods will be divided according to these CEOs into respective eras. The eras are the Semel era, the Yang era, the Bartz era, and the MTLM (Morse, Thompson, Levinsohn & Mayer) era. In these eras, there are trends that emerged with resultant effects on the corporation. There were also major competitors in each era, and the corporation performed different in each. The respective leaders also took different measures to ensure that the company stayed relevant in the wake of the arising competition along the various sectors of interest. This paper evaluates these eras discussing the initiatives taken in each, the results achieved with any change, and the performance of the corporation relative to the major competitors at the time. The Semel era As described above, this era started in the year 2001 (April 17) when Terry Semel became the CEO of the corporation, and lasted until the mid of the y