ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the era of globalization and speedy development, the fast-food industry thrives, and meat breeders are forced to comply with the growing demand for their products. Beef was the most often used meat for the restaurants due to its containing in burgers, however, in 2020, the tendency started to move in the direction of chicken consumption. Famous Fast Food chains such as Pizza Hut, Burger King, KFC, and McDonald’s registered a more than a 2% increase in the interest in chicken-based dishes (Smithers, 2020). Such growth in the worldwide demand means that the volume of raised poultry must be multiplied. Different strategies are applied to increase the quantity of chicken meat without a severe influence on its quality. Farmers and manufacturers update the breeding, add supplements that force the chicken to grow bigger and faster, or apply the genetic modification to let the species born large enough to provide more meat (Herborn et al., 2020). The approaches provide fast-food chains with more meat, however, the animals’ welfare stays questionable due to the uncommon farming conditions. Appleby et al. (2014) claim that “animal welfare means how it is coping with the conditions in which it lives” (152). The welfare status is good when the species’ nutrition and safety are at a high level; they are free in behavioral approaches and do not feel pain or stress. This research aims to explore the reasons that make producers implement new attitudes towards raising chicken and how gene-editing affects the welfare of the species. Gene Editing for Chicken: Issue or Innovation? The common approach to growing bigger species is to feed them with food richer in nutrients or provide a larger amount. However, the high demand makes the manufacturers search for effective ways of growing chicken, which do not increase breeding components (Hartcher and Lum, 2020). Modern biological technologies make it possible to determine the genes responsible for the growth, size, and meat quality of species consumed by people worldwide. The average chicken raised in natural conditions needs at least three months to provide high-quality meat, yet the industrial demand cannot wait that long (Hartcher and Lum, 2020). The gene-edited species can grow into ready-to-be-consumed broilers in 4-6 weeks (Herborn et al., 2020). The chicken raised this quickly can seem to be not worth the attention, however, its welfare impacts the quality of meat it provides. The innovative approaches allowed farmers to breed bigger poultry without any significant economic impact on their cost. However, the rising awareness about animal welfare forced the livestock producers to slow the phenotypical upgrades and take time to consider the behavioral, emotional, and safety factors in the life of chickens (Herborn, 2020). It turned out that innovation’s implementation can give producers more issues than positive outcomes. Gene-edited chicken require different farm conditions to grow in good welfare status, therefore it is necessary to update places where the animals live by providing different ligh
Basic Concepts Though the link between language and gender in its social sense may be not as obvious as it seems, a closer look at the structure of any language will reveal that it has a range of hidden innuendoes regarding gender identity. The indications of certain words belonging to a specific gender can be noticed in the English language rather easily; the question, however, is whether these indications can be viewed as a step forward in promoting equality in the relationships between men and women, or whether these elements can be interpreted as restrictions imposed on one of the genders as a relic of the past, when equity between the two was impossible. The so-called “women’s language” is, perhaps, one of the most dubious aspects of the gender issues development in the English language. On the one hand, the specified layer of the English language allows for locating the specifics of communication process for women. On the other hand, the idea of women’s language often presupposes the incorporation of the facts and a range of stereotypes, which have little to do with the actual manner of speaking that most women adopt in the communication process. Power Issues Language has a lot to do with power; particularly, language is often perceived as a tool for the hidden ruling class to exert its power onto the members of the American society, therefore, forcing them to adopt the behavioral patterns that they would have considered unnatural otherwise. It could be argued that any attempt to address the gender specifics of a particular language can be viewed as an attempt of a certain social stratum to use linguistics as a tool for political issues and conflicts. This does beg the question concerning the ethics of correcting the existing gender inconsistencies in language. One could also argue, however, that the relationships between men and women are reflected in the language in an arbitrary, objective and, therefore, quite a legitimate manner. Hence, there seems to be no need to view the existing language issues as the reasons for concern. It also deserves mentioning that at present, the English language tends to project not only the stereotypes related to women but also the ones that are associated with men onto the people that speak it. For instance, the fact that a range of discourses in English outline the communicational shortcomings that are attributed to men is quite alerting. Manifesting the existing concerns related to the conflict between the two genders, the specified characteristics of the contemporary English are worth noting. Also, the modern English language features little to no opportunities for people identifying them as transgender to be able to feel comfortable about their essence and speak the language so that they should not fa
An Assessment of clinical Governance and Quality of Patient Care programs This study is an assessment of the impact of clinical governance as a tool for guiding healthcare providers in the provision of high-quality clinical services to different categories of patients (Sh 2014). Different authors have explored the impact of clinical governance on the quality of clinical healthcare programs and made various recommendations (Parsaamal & Salamzadeh 2013). In the context of various authors such as Grol (2001), Higginson and Carr (2001), Thiru, Hassey, and Sullivan (2003), Singh (2009), Staniland (2009), the study sets out to determine the key elements of the governance framework appropriate for effective patient safety and quality of clinical healthcare outcomes. A critical analysis of four articles on the topic of discussion has revealed varying strategies in answering the research question on “what are the best governance practices for implementing high-quality patient care programs? “ The articles that were reviewed to answer the research question include:  1. Parsaamal, E & Salamzadeh, Y 2013. ‘An investigation on the implementation of clinical governance: A case study of an Iranian hospital’, Management Science Letters , vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 2537-2548.  2. Sh, R 2014, ‘Clinical Governance: Efficacy of Establishment in Mashhad Hospital’, Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement , vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 48-52.  3. Singh, R 2009, ‘Clinical governance in operation – everyone’s business: a proposed framework’, Clinical Governance: an International Journal, vol. 3, no. 14, pp. 189-197.  4. Staniland, K 2009, ‘A sociological ethnographic study of clinical governance implementation in one NHS hospital trust’, Clinical Governance: An International Journal , vol. 4, no. 14, pp. 271-280 Each of the articles provides detailed approaches and principles of clinical governance. Briefly, the article ‘a’ emphasizes on the use of clinical governance to achieve patient satisfaction, professional performance, resource allocation and risk management (Parsaamal & Salamzadeh 2013). A critique of the article will be based on the four elements clinical Australian governance model that is defined by risk management, efficiency, patient satisfaction, and Professional Effectiveness (Allen 2000). Despite being informative, the article falls short of integrating the principles such as emphasis on learning, just culture, obligations, and the roles to ensure quality of service is achieved. The second article in the list ‘b’ provides detailed research on the systematic use of clinical governance to promote patient care based on the core principle of quality improvement in England. However, points to critique include methods used for optimizing healthcare clinical governance, achieving quality and patient safety and excellence of service delivery. The third article ‘c’ demonstrates the role of competent clinical governance and its relationship with quality of service and healthcare outcomes. The key points to investigate include the elements of clinical governance framework, pati
Introduction For a long time, western countries have dominated the development agenda in low-income countries. Their most significant contribution to the social and economic development of these nations has been direct financial assistance. However, most of the countries that have employed western economic policies have not made significant progress by using this model. Consequently, researchers have had numerous debates about the impact of western economic policies on the economic goals of developing countries (Bayliss & Van Waeyenberge 2018). Part of the conversation has been that western experts have not helped low-income countries achieve their development goals, while some critics argue that these countries would not have “survived” without western intervention (Gnangnon 2014; Der Ploeg & Poelhekke 2017; Urbain, Mallaye & Araar 2017). Recently, the debate has shifted to the analysis of the impact of Chinese exports on the social and economic development of low-income countries. Indeed, China is deemed to have a presence in many developing nations and is associated with their economic activities as well as their extraction of natural resources (Van Der Ploeg & Poelhekke 2017). Engaged in projects like building roads from inland areas to the coast, constructing railway lines from ports to cities, rehabilitating highways at affordable costs, and planning several real estate developments, the Chinese have made their presence known in many developing economies. However, the effects of their activities in these economies have not been holistically understood because few studies have investigated whether they will do a better job than western experts, or not. This paper makes a case for Chinese experts by demonstrating that western countries have done more harm than good in low-income countries and the Chinese will do a better job in helping these nations to meet their social and economic goals. Evidence to support this point of view will be explained in three phases. The first one contains information showing the failure of western economic policies in developing nations and the second one explains why the Chinese policies will work. The last section of this paper is the conclusion segment and it contains a summary of the main points of the study. Reasons for the failure of western economic policies are outlined below. Why Western Expe
Relationships at the working place is a complicated theme as depending on the employee involvement, the leadership style and general relations in the company the employee satisfaction may be measured. The level of the employees’ satisfaction with the work place is a guarantee of the reduction of grievance as pleased employees have nothing to complain about. Even when the smallest issues bother people, successful working environment and satisfaction with other aspects cover dissatisfaction and grievance is eliminated to minimum. Having conducted a literary research in the sphere, it can be stated that satisfied employees are better at work performance and they are less intended to complain and perform other forms of dissatisfaction with the working place. Grievance is considered as a part of conflict managing and the benefits of investing in managing conflict at work have already been proved. Conducting a conflict managing lectures, the employees feel the improvements in the working atmosphere. Almost a third part of the employees reports about the reduction in the number disciplinary and grievance cases. 28% of employees have noticed the improvements, therefore, the employees are to think about the conflict management measures. 1 Even though the number of grievance has been reduced with the conflict management measures, the complaints still existed. However, one more benefit of the conflict management is that those complaints became formal that allowed the company to implement official measures and reduce the dissatisfaction of the employees. 2 Trying to understand the relation of conflict management and the employee involvement in the working process, it is important to remember that while conflict management all people are involved in the working process by means of various facilities. 3 The interest in the work is increased as employees have an opportunity to control their working relations, and this is an important factor. The employees have an opportunity to interfere into the working processes that makes those more satisfied with the working process and therefore, the complaints are reduced. Employees have an opportunity to see the problems and the ways of their solution, therefore, they do not need any measures to be completed. Other reports show that grievance may be reduced by means of the reference to unions. HR manager of Westinghouse UK Fuel Business says the following, “When we have had issues in the past, we tended to avoid communicating early with the unions for fear of t
Introduction Planning forms an integral part of our everyday operations whether at personal or organizational level. It involves channeling resources such as time, capital, human resource and finances to achieve a given set of predetermined goals. The main reason for planning is to achieve efficiency and attempt to secure effectiveness in operations. Since it is difficult to foresee the future, it is necessary to plan to be secure from the consequences of actions we may take arbitrarily. Planning process Planning is essential in the management of our everyday operations. It encompasses almost all aspects of management whether in business or any organizational setup. The most recently used form of planning is strategic planning. This is because traditional budget-based planning or planning based on a pre-focused future does not sufficiently address the challenges of the increasingly dynamic organizational or business environments, Allison and Kaye (2005). The planning process entails a five-fold criterion that ensures that the decision-making process is strategic in resource use and allocation. It aims at improving operational efficiency at minimum cost possible. This is based on the principle of Total Quality Management (TQM) which has been adopted by a large number of organizations in their operations due to its adaptability and ease of implementation, Smith (1993). The effective five-fold planning technique consists of drawing missions and objectives, situational analysis, selection and development of strategies, execution of outlined strategies besides evaluation and control. Mission and objectives Mission and objectives describe the purpose of an organization
A merger refers to a situation where two or more companies unite to form a single company and this kind of bonding is found among medium sized and small companies. Acquisition occurs when one company is bought by another one. These two aspects are meant to promote growth of the companies involved. This paper addresses the various mergers that took place in United States and their effects. Let us take a look at the merger that took place in the banking industry in the year 2004 between the Bank of America corp. and FleetBoston Financial corp. In this merger the bank of America corp. acquired the ownership of FleetBoston financial corp. This means that the company that was bought existed under new ownership and as a result its identity was changed to resemble that of the bank of America corp. (Straub, 2007) A cross check on the history of FleetBoston suggests that the bank had successfully merged with another financial institution known as BankBoston and its previous identity was fleet financial group. The history of FleetBoston indicates that this is not the last merger that’s happening involving FleetBoston. This shows that the management of this organization is determined and will do anything just to make sure they remain operational with a wider customer base. The bank of America had also entered into a merger which had seen it grow tremendously and since it was ranked third in US it had the required base to buy the FleetBoston bank. The bank of America also had a failed merger with a stock brokerage institution known as Merrill Lynch in 2008.The merger seemed attractive on paper but on the ground it was very tough. According to Depamphilis (2008), the bank of America lost many customers after acquiring the ownership of the stocks brokerage firm because the existing customers had personal relationships with the employees of the outgoing owners; people can not trust people who are not known to them. This loss of clients happened because the bank of America could not retain the organization culture of the outgoing Merrill. Before an acquisition takes place there are a few things that the new owner to be should consider and they are namely (1) asset assessment, (2) historical earnings, (3) future maintainable earnings assessment, (4) comparable company and comparable transactions and (5) discounted cash flow assessment. These factors are used to determine the cost of acquisition (Depamphilis, 2008). In this case the cost of buying FleetBoston was 47 billion. The above stated factors wer
It should be noted that homeless men and women have to face various obstacles related to almost all aspects of their life. Many people with mental illnesses and disorders become homeless because they have to cope with hardships by themselves being excluded from society, abandoned by the state, and the healthcare industry. However, more importantly, many homeless experiencing mental disorders are being discriminated against. In this respect, it is crucial to mention that the presence of a mental disorder or diagnosis cannot be the basis for the formation of a negative attitude or violation of an individual’s rights by either the society or legal bodies and by medical institutions (Hwang & Burns, 2014). Nevertheless, many people wrongly have psychophobia because of their intolerance instead of helping to resolve such manifestations. Therefore, it is interesting from the research point of view to analyze the stereotypes about the homeless with chronic mental conditions. Social justice theory suggests that a psychiatric diagnosis should not be a stigma. Moreover, it should not complicate the social adaptation of individuals suffering from such conditions. The World Psychiatric Association protects the freedoms of people with these diseases from civil, political, social, and any other violations related to their condition. Nevertheless, it is crucial to analyze the roots of this issue (Hwang & Burns, 2014). From the point of view of epistemology, it is necessary to understand the ways of acquiring knowledge, which cause wrong associations in society. From the point of view of ontology, it is essential to understand the person’s value system that reflects his or her interpretation of facts. These assumptions provoke interest in conducting qualitative research related to the behavioral patterns of people facing homeless individuals suffering from mental illnesses (Burkholder, Cox, & Crawford, 2016). Also, it will be possible to specify the most common stereotypes to comprehend their roots and dispel wrongful representations about such people. Overall, such a study will enable the researcher to influence the representations of people and contribute to the improvement in the quality of life of society.
Introduction Created and developed by Douglas McGregor the X and Y theories have become very useful tools in order to estimate and motivate work efficiency. The two opposite models of motivation of the workforce are presented. As such, this paper will focus on the PPD (Pharmaceutical Product Development, Inc) work experience and the motivational techniques used at the company. An efficient working environment means effective and clear goal-setting together with many more means to motivate employees. Theory Y Works for PPD Recognized for the expertise and innovation, PPD was honore
Introduction The country of Panama is of significance since it links Central American with South America. Perhaps of even more strategic importance is the fact that it links two oceans- Atlantic and Pacific and could rightly be considered to be the gateway to Central America. The Panama Canal, now under the process of reconstruction and modernization at a modest outlay of around $5.3B. forms the core of economic renaissance in this part of Central and South America. History Its history is long and chequered, moving from one dictatorship to another, with democratic systems not able to be enforced, even with a strong ally like the USA. This has been mainly because Panama may not really be a country having a national identity, that could possibly bind its population together and provide a strong, coherent and powerful leadership sans dictatorship. The plethora of racial and ethnic mix in its population has even termed Panama as potpourri of cultures, each trying to exert political influence over the administration of country.It is established that the US had established de facto suzerainty over Panama, since the military junta needed a strong ally to hold political sway, and US economic interests more than justified its continued influence over the political affairs of Panama and its rulers. So, till the time the Panama Canal was formally handed over to Panama in 1999, the US Administration was able to hold its influence over the Panamanian regime. Present administration The current President of Panama is Martin Torrijos, son of a former military leader, Omar Torrijos, the latter being largely responsible for successful negotiations with the Carter Administration to stake claim over the Canal. Mr. Torrijos (Jr.) has begun holding office since September 2004 and has promised a clean administration. However, he is faced with many problems, including the fact that Panama is infamous for crimes like the human rights violations in women and children traded for enforced prostitution and sex trafficking, money laundering, illegal drug cartels and other forms of illegitimate narcotic trade that has caused tremendous detriment to the country’s economy over the years. “It also needs to address social inequality. Elite families of European descent control most of Panama’s wealth and power, while about 40% of the populations live below the poverty line. “(Country Profile: Panama 2009). Besides a polarized social structure could also pose problems to his government. Ethnic constituents of population It is seen that the Constitution of Population in Panama could be seen as follows : Serial  Particulars                       %              Mestizos (American Indians and           1.      Whites) and Mulattos (Whites and  67%            Blacks)                                  2.      Blacks                            14%    3.      Whites                            10%    4.      Americans                         6%     5.      Other Ethnic groups               3%             Total                             100%    It is seen that the country of Panama (Capital – Pana