ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays medical professionals have various guidelines that facilitate their practice. A medical student may be versatile in one area and a little versatile in another. The three students Brooke, Jenna, and Maggie go through a learning system writing what they incorporate in their treatment plans. The practices highlight how effective these principles can be applied in the field of practice. The field of medicine needs expertise that will be acquired through learning and practice. Maggie T Maggie T will become an outstanding medical practitioner through continuous learning and practice in her field. As a practicing professional, she has shown a high level of dedication to understanding medical regulatory rules and prerequisites before service. Maggie’s interests lie behind principles and ethical considerations of what is right and wrong. The first principle highlighted by Maggie is Stern’s principle of humanism. She insists that the delivery of services in the health care setup should be patient-centered. Further, she argues that the humanism theory is the umbrella of all other principles and themes. The student defines humanism as the attempts to improve medical and healthcare conditions. She states that some of the considerations that should be focused on while offering services are lifestyle characteristics, preferences, economic conditions, and set objectives. Margie also focuses on delegation, which she defines as a controlled act of assigning an already trained individual to handle tasks on your behalf. Importance of a good relationship between the patient, family, and caregiver is paramount. Focus on inter-professional relationships will ensure improved treatment plans and the opportunity for the treatment team to learn from each other. Consent and substitute decision-maker have also been outlined by Maggie, showing how legislation flows. The application of rapport building between clients and health care providers would ensure there is trust. Maggie also focused on empathy and its effect on pain and severity reduction. News delivery strategies are also crucial in the healthcare sector. For example, Anne’s mum’s case shows how trainees should conduct themselves. It focuses on logic and thought order. Finally, Maggie suggests that you create a ‘safe heaven’ for patients as a care provider, considering ethical, social, and legal factors before decision-making. Maggie thinks that communication would help the client open up more. She notes that “…the constraints of delegation require me to use it ethically so that I am fulfilling my responsibilities as a clinician while ensuring that the patient comes first….” As a result, Maggie will be excellent healthcare professional. She incorporates the law, empathy, and communication skills to ensure satisfaction, openness, a positive influence on the patient’s life, and unconditional positive regard. Brooke T Brooke T will be a good versatile medical professional. Brooke has a gre
Introduction The women’s rights movement in the United States has a long history. It started in 1848 when the first women’s rights convention took place in Seneca Falls and the Declaration of Sentiments was signed. They sought the equal treatment of women and men by law and fought for voting rights. If in 1848 only 68 women and 32 men present at the convention, two years later the movement consisted of more than 1,000 participants. The women’s rights movement was successful because they were united, had a strong ideological foundation, and organized campaigns on the regular basis. Causes of Success Women were united in their movement for equal rights because they understood that unity was their key strength, the only way to succeed. Historically, wifehood and motherhood were considered the only professions of women. Moreover, they were regarded as intellectually inferior to men, as the source of temptation (Meyers, 1994). As the result of women’s united efforts and centralized movement, as early as 1893 women living in Colorado State were granted the right to vote. By 1918, more than 15 states adopted amendments to their constitutions granting females the voting right (Bjornlund, 2003). American women had a strong ideological foundation that helped them not to give up and continue their movement for equal treatment. In the 19 th century, women began working outside their homes, and in many cases, their working conditions were worse than men’s. Moreover, they were paid less and worked for 12 hours per day in addition to household activities. Women were not the passive recipients of the changes in law and seven generations of women struggled together to affect these changes. The women’s rights movement was highly democratic: they fought for their rights through meetings, petition drives, non-violent resistance, and public speaking (Eisenberg & Ruthsdotter, 1998). American women did not give and tried to attract public attention to their situation on a continuous basis. Every month in different places the prominent women organized meetings and delivered public speeches to the population. The Seneca Falls women-only hoped that conventions started by them would embrace every part of the United States, but they did not even expect that women’s rights conventions took place every year and attracted so many people that there was not enough space for all of the participants (Macdonald, 2001). Within a short period of time, American women organized the National American Woman Suffr
Introduction Gonadotropin releasingGonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) are decapeptides produced from specialized neurosecretary neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus, targeting the pituitary-gonadal axis. Over 20 different forms of GnRH in vertebrateinvertebrate species have highly conserved structurestructures. In mammals, three forms are known, GnRH-I (mammalian GnRH), GnRH-II (chicken GnRH-II), and the salmon GnRH (RnRH-III) (Metallinou et al., 2007). GnRH-I is a typical pituitary controlling hormone, with affinity to the pituitary seven transmembraneseven-transmembrane domain G protein (G q/11 )-coupled receptors (Stanislaus et al., 1997). After binding, GnRH-I modulates membrane phospholipase C (inositol phosphate) and calcium channel, and consequently, it stimulates LH synthesis and secretion. A directDirect control over FSH secretion has not been unequivocally proven. Plasma gonadotropin levels regulate the overall reproductive process, especially the gonadal steroidogenic and gametogenic functions (Millar, 2005). GnRH-II, besides pituitary gonadotropin stimulation, also impacts on neural development and sexual arousal in the hypothalamus region. The GnRH-I and II receptors are also found in almost all types of normal and cancerous epithelial cells, including those present in gonads (Millar et al., 2001). The extra-pituitary function of these receptors in these tissues is not fully understood, but evidence suggests that the GnRH-I and II signal transduction pathways in epithelial tissues are different from pituitary cells (Emons et al., 2003). Interestingly, GnRH-II receptors in these epithelia have conserved regions of GnRH-I, and binding of the two GnRHs to their receptors can be mutually exclusive (Manputha et al., 2007). Studies suggest that GnRH-II has a role in neuromodulation, regulation of energy intake, and suppression of cell proliferation and apoptosis by triggering a G-protein (G i ) mediated signal pathway in the target cells (Szkudlinski, 2007). During the last four decades, several thousand peptide peptides and non-peptide GnRH agonists and antagonists have been synthesized and tested for clinical efficacy. These compounds, which are generally GnRH analogs, competitively bind to pituitary GnRH receptors and by two distinct mechanisms down-regulate gonadotropin synthesis and secretion. Within 7-14 days of a GnRH agonist administration, a “surge” of gonadotropins and steroidal hormones, known as “flare”, is followed by a rapid fall in their serum concentrations. On the other hand, the antagonists lower the hormone concentrations from the beginning. Both groups of synthetic analogs also down-regulate the expression of GnRH receptors and initiate the internalization of the cell surface receptors to the nuclear membrane (Herbst, 2003). This further hinders the binding of GnRH to pituitary cells. Clinically, the
A brief history of the Chinese heritage Among the East Asian cultures, Chinas’ cultural heritage is the oldest. In fact, Chinas’ cultural heritage consists of several cultures characterized by dynasties and emperors. Dating back to the Qin dynasty, china has been ruled by the several succeeding dynasties each with its own ideals and beliefs. However, the common ideology among the dynasties is the application of Confucius ideals that has embedded the Chinese society into socialism (Gilzow & Branaman, 2000). The reign of Qin had a dramatic end opening a new chapter in the Chinese history. The ensuing dynasty, the Han dynasty, was more successful and established ideologies that has become the foundation of the Chinese current achievements. Among the successes of Han is the establishment of laws, regulations and customs that today define the Chinese statehood. In addition, the Han dynasty modernized the government structure, as well as governance and established an inclusive civil service (Duff et al., 2013). In fact, the Han dynasty emphasized on the civil service based on the technical skills. After the Han dynasty, China underwent through social dissonance with each state scrambling for power and influence. The result was further disintegration of China into smaller states. Though the country was divided, language and religion became the unifying factor. China was divided into the southern and northern states that later unified under the reign of Sui (Duff et al., 2013). The bulk of China’s inhabitants and culture are of Han origin. The inhabitants recognize the national civilization as well as customs traced back to over a thousand years. Due to the recognition of national civilization, tremendous strides have been realized in preserving the nationhood through ensuring fairness and hard work amongst its citizens (Duff et al., 2013). Assimilation of the small tribes has been critical in unifying the entire country to a common culture. The communist state has also played a vital task in upholding the cultural attachments of its natives from diverse minor ethnic backgrounds (Duff et al., 2013). The government identifies the marginalized groups that possess different cultures and ethnicity. Chinese cultural values The bulk of Chinese cultural values originate from Confucius as well as Taoism ideals. Further, concepts of Buddhism together with Neo-Confucianism are also very significant in discussing the issues concerning the Chinese culture (Duff et al., 2013). However, in the China’s royally past, Confucianism was the executive ideal. Equally important, is the legalism dictatorial strains of notion. Further, ideological differences between the Confucians and the Neo-Confucian Empires regularly l
Introduction Popular culture plays an imperative role in individuals’ daily lives. Actually, popular culture encompasses a wide assortment of ideas. For instance, texts, products as well as practices are aspects enjoyed by many people. In general, popular culture refers to both the conventional and contemporary observations as well as beliefs that make up the daily lives of human beings. Moreover, culture enables individuals to understand the whole way of life of the society. In other words, culture encompasses all arts of a society including meals, work, religious convictions, sex, family as well as sports. Presently, the mass media has influenced the way people live in the society. Additionally, for a culture to be defined as popular, it must be liked by a large number of people. Stuart Hall asserts that the transformations in the balance and social forces throughout history have increased reformations among people who in turn embrace the popular traditions (Storey, 1994). In fact, it is true that the changes in the societal equilibrium and forces form the basis for popular culture. Importance of popular culture Popular culture continues to re
Building quality by use of computers The rapid rise in the use of electronics and mostly personal computers started during the early 1970s. This was when leading personalities like Bill gates, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Larry Ellison and Steve Ball made significant contributions in the revolution of computers. However, the history of personal computers cannot be complete without analyzing rising standards that have been displayed for sometime now. The Film Triumph of the Nerds: the Rise of Accidental Empires has episodes one to three showing different levels of revolutions in developing personal computers. For example, it started with developing 86-DOS which was by far and large, a duplication of operating systems. To begin with, the development of Microsoft was aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of computing knowledge. On the same note, the innovation and development of the Apple computers by Steve Jobs was aimed at initiating some programs in personal computers that would solve common and recurrent software and hardware problems. Therefore, the major focus in the contemporary global management is on improving the quality of computers being used on a daily basis. If quality is compromised, other sectors would equally suffer. For example, personal computers are very useful in organizations, whereby it makes it a lot easier to store, analyze, retrieve as well as retrieve data in a more simplified way than before. The film Triumph of Nerds attempts to demonstrate systematic means of improving the use of personal computers. For example, the first episode shows how Microsoft was transformed into the use of MS-DOS technology. The latter was an operating system capable of running on any of the 8086 family of personal computers. Episode two also highlights the mergence of Compaq computers which later reversed into IBM Personal Computer. Episode three highlights the emergence of Steve Jobs who came up with demonstrations of Alto graphical user interface and the development of Macintosh. In all of these developments in experienced in personal computers, the need to improve from one system to another alongside proper management of the merging technology were apparently the major focus. However, as these personal computers are improving in terms of quality; there are also myriad of technological challenges that have emerged. For example, improved management on the quality of these personal computers goes hand in hand with increasing demand for high efficiency as well as transparency. As far as transparency is concerned, all management issues of a company can be addressed by authorized agencies. For example, government agencies responsible in a particular area of management may be interested in monitoring all activities happens in the company. For this therefore, this improvement of quality as computers are invented is a cause for alarm in the management of technologies. However, computer efficiency and quality of their management can never be compromised. On supporting innovation Computing personalities like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs are clear that their forms of innovation are meant to
The storm observed by the English astronomers Richard Carrington and Richard Hodgson in August 28 until September 2 in 1859 was called The Solar Superstorm. It is one of the biggest and most powerful astronomic events ever observed in human history. It was noticed all over the world and caused a massive panic everywhere and a lot of damage. The Storm, also known as the Carrington Event, consisted of auroral events that were seen all over the world. This happening caused lots of different reactions, mostly the witnesses were deeply shocked and scared. Different viewers were explaining what they saw in different ways. In most cases, they saw the event as a sign of a huge catastrophe coming, such as the apocalypse or the omen for an epidemic of some deadly disease approaching. Newspapers called it “the most brilliant display” (Space Weather, par. 4). The display truly was amazing – majestic illumination in the sky was impressive. The sky was on fire, it changed colors from violet to crimson, and to deep red. The shining looked like it was reflecting a massive fire happening on the horizon. The luminous effect lasted for almost an hour and was spread massively across the sky. Although, the beautiful show in the sky was not the only result of the Superstorm. Geomagnetic storm caused a mass failure of all the telegraph stations of Europe and North America. It became impossible to communicate using the wires. Telegraph poles were bursting into sparks and the wires were damaged. If an event of that kind happened these days and it was the as powerful – what kind of consequences would follow? Many things have changed in the world since 1859, life became faster, the population grew, we use completely different types of communication and the level of education is different. However, I do not think our public reaction would differ much from the reaction of witnesses in 1859. Looking at multiple groups of people packing their things and heading off to shelters and caves every time someone predicts another apocalypse – I would expect lots of pedestrians falling on the ground and shouting out prayers or screaming, if the sky, all of a sudden, turned crimson. Chaos and panic are guaranteed. The technical side of the situation is hard to predict. Parker states that “we would very quickly revert to a much more primitive level of living that would last for months or years” (par. 1). It is a well-known fact that our planet now is surrounded by satellites that are responsible for our communication, financial transactions and information. These are the infrastructures that will be damaged the first in case of a geomagnetic storm. Watts adds that transportation infrastructure is also on the list of first-order damage (par. 24). The main one is, of course, electric
Introduction As individuals get progressively older their mental capacities, response times, and physical abilities tend to deteriorate yet despite such limitations people aged 60 and above still continue to drive on America’s roads and highways (Cobb, 411). Based on data from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, a total of 3,981 individuals age 70 and above died as a direct result of motor vehicle crashes in 2009, this number does not include other drivers and pedestrians affected by the subsequent loss of vehicular control and as such the total number of fatalities as a direct result of such incidences could potentially be double the current number given by the IIHS. Various studies examining the impact of older drivers on America’s roads today state that as America’s baby boomer generation gets progressively older the amount of individuals aged 70 above on America’s roads has escalated dramatically (Reisman, 356 – 357). Unfortunately, as shown by data from the IIHS, this has resulted in an actual increase in the number of car accidents in which the elderly have been involved. What must be understood is that driving a motor vehicle requires a certain degree of spatial awareness, responsiveness and the ability to accurately and succinctly gauge the speed and distance of the car that is being driven relative to other vehicles on the road (Reisman, 356 – 357) (Fox and Fama, 31). When an individual lacks the ability to express such aspects of regular driving behavior the potential for accidents to occur increases exponentially as the overall lack of spatial awareness, speed and distance results in a driver often misinterpreting the relative distance of their vehicle from either another car, obstacle or exit point which usually results in an accident occurring. Studies examining elderly drivers all unanimously conclude that physical deterioration in the form of vision problems, depleted mental acuity, and a lack of physical responsiveness result in a reduced capacity to drive properly (Ratner, 23). They go on further to state that since physical deterioration becomes progressive over the time the same can be said for their ability to drive (McKinnell, 67). In other words as individuals get older their ability to mentally and physically embody the necessary behaviors needed to drive safely diminish up to a point that not only do they become a danger to the themselves but to other drivers and pedestrians as well (Ratner, 23). It must be noted though that surveys examining drivers aged 55 and above show that when the respondents were questioned as to their ability to drive nearly all of them stated that they drove “rather well” or had “no problems” on the road when driving (McLeod et al., 613 – 618). When comparing
The state of religion in pre-Islamic Arabia was rather complicated and diverse. There was no single political structure that impacted the spread of religions considerations and beliefs. Looking at the modern Arabic land, it is impossible to imagine there another religion except Islam, however, before the implementation of this religion people on this land worshiped to different Gods, idols, etc. Idol-worshippers or polytheists, Atheists, Zindiqs, Sabines, Jews, Christians, and Monotheists were the most spread religious organizations which helped people in their religious beliefs. People on the territory of Arabia were organized in tribes and each tribe followed personal religious beliefs. Depending on the territory, people followed different religious considerations and their own cults. Trying to consider the most spread religious concerns, it is important to state that most of the tribes followed their own cult, however, most of them had one God. Still, the peculiarity of the religion in pre-Islamic Arabia is that people did not believe in life after death, but the presence of the mysterious creatures was important for human imagination. Therefore, they had such magic creatures as jinn, ghosts, etc. There were days when violence was forbidden as well as the places with the same restriction. Even though there is a belief that the period of antiquity is characterized by polytheism, the territory of Arabia was inherited with the tribes who pursued monotheistic views (Sowell 18). Dwelling upon the religious consideration in the pre-Islamic Middle East, it is important to understand the geopolitical structure of the territory. The whole territory whether Islam was born was divided between two powers, the Byzantine (Graeco-Roman) and Sasanian (Iranian) empires. The territory of the Byzantine Empire was Christian. This type of religion was growing fast on the territory of the Middle East. The Sasanian (Iranian) empire was Zoroastrins. These two religions were dominating in their regions, however, there were other religions such as Manichcism and Buddhism. Judaism was also popular in Iraq along with Christianity (Robinson 2). This classification is too general and only the largest religious are taken into account. It could happen that each tribe had similar religious, but cults different slightly. The absence of centralized government which could gather the power in their hands was the reason of the absence of the one religion. People lived in their tribes, they followed the religion which existed in their community and they were satisfied with what they had. The presence of one and the same god was not in their interest due to the absence of the reasons for change. However, it did not last too long as the appearance of prophet changed everything having created the Islamic religion. Therefore, it may be conclude that the pre-Islamic world was absolutely d