ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Jefferson’s ideas and policies regarding Native Americans are perceived to be one of the most critical aspects of American history. Even though Jefferson admired and praised the American Indian ways of life, his idea of who would be an ideal citizen of his idealized federal republic was clear. In this believe, he did not welcome the modern visions of a multicultural, multiracial republic. He wanted to include the people of Native American, as long as they agree to let go of their traditional ways and culture and wholly embraced the agricultural ways of life that he had insisted was the only true basis of a good society. Failure to do that, Native Americans nations would have to accept exile outside the borders of the United States. On several instances, Jefferson described the native people of North America as noble people who just became innocent victims of history. Jefferson’s efforts in the removal of Indian was first noticed when he acknowledged the forceful eviction of the Cherokee and Shawnee tribes from their ancestral lands to the west of River Mississippi. Jefferson defied the treaty between the Cherokee and the United States by offering military support to help in the forceful eviction of the Cherokee people and settled in Georgia, where it was believed they belong. In essence, Jefferson’s interest was to assimilate the Native Americans to the modern life of Agricultural economy. Again his interest was to see the Native Americans’ culture, religious belief, as well as lifestyle integrated into the Western Europe’s culture, which he believed held the key to the prosperity of the United States and the Native’s survival. It could be interpreted that Jefferson wanted the Natives transformed so that they could achieve economical dependence since through adopting the agricultural activities, these people could become more open to external trading with the whites and thus would be more willing to exchange their land with goods and services. Without this, Jefferson believed that the Native Americans would not accept to part with their land. Probably one would view Jefferson’s interests and believes to be linked to his earlier association with Native Americans as a child and in school life, where he interacted with them a lot and due to his father’s tales of Native Americans adventure. Like Jefferson, President Jackson and his supporters (mostly white Americans) wanted to eliminate the Native Americans (Indians) from the United States. In his views, Jackson’s view was basically political considerations. He and some of his supporters believed that independent, self-governing people of India within the United States borders were a threat to the United States. In this context, he signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which forced Native Americans to give up their land in the East and move west of the Mississippi (Behrman 49). The average white American on the other hand had different reason for elim
Juvenile crime is a massive problem in any society and any legal system. However, the application of laws and the imposition of punishments for minors is difficult due to their age. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the causes and effects of juvenile crime. As in adult crimes, often the reasons for it lie in the persons’ environment. A study by Lane (2018) demonstrates four main groups of influence on minors: neighborhood, peers, family, schools. If there are any social problems within these groups, the likelihood of committing a crime increases significantly. It is necessary to understand that the combination of all these factors affects the human psyche. If there are offenders and criminals, there is a high probability that the child will develop similar values. Thus, the minor will be ready to resort to cruel methods, not considering them wrong. Roughly similar trends were seen in the case of Lionel Tate. According to one version, the teenager committed his crimes in the hope of getting the toys of the girl he killed (Padowitz, 2015). Therefore, for a complete analysis of the causes of crimes committed, it is also necessary to conduct a psychological examination. Such a procedure was not carried out in the context of Tate. However, mental problems could well have occurred, given Tate’s further behavior. In addition, the very commission of a crime at such a young age, as well as imprisonment, has an irreparable impact. Studies show that even strict measures do not deter people from returning to criminal activity in the future (Arora, 2019). The reason for this may be a change in the consciousness of a person after the commission of a crime and close contact with criminal structures. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully analyze the reasons for committing a crime to pass sentences and assess the possible consequences. Thus, juvenile crime is an extremely complex topic that requires an integrated approach. Children have their characteristic features of committing crimes. If a child or adolescent is in an environment with increased criminality, there is a high probability that they will commit illegal acts. However, punishments must also be selected with extreme caution since they impact the entire future life of a person. In the context of minors, this influence is even greater since, with the wrong approach, the judicial system can form a criminal from childhood, whose rehabilitation will be challenging.
Nowadays, as women come to acquire more rights in every sphere of life including politics and business, the question of whether women candidate should constitute a certain percentage in the total number of candidates of political parties seems to be very important. Evaluating the facts, it appears that the situation in the modern society conditions special attitude to women in a number of situations. Before, women experienced a lot of discrimination in a row of areas especially in politics. Since the end of the nineteenth century, women have been actively fighting for their rights and freedoms. This caused significant successions for women guaranteed by law. In this vein, today, women are not only active participants of political process, but their presence in politics is even actively welcomed by a variety of norms and regulations. First of all, evaluating the situation with the women’s presence among the candidates to political parties, it becomes evident that the new policies in this area are to be adopted. This is explained by a variety of reasons. First of all, new laws establish the importance of women’s presence among the members of political parties (McGrory, 1995). Of course, there exists a heated debate concerning the percentage of women candidates among the party members. Still, women should occupy their due role among the participants of political process. To guarantee women’s presence among the participants of political movement, set quotas are created in many countries. In particular, in Belgium, the presence of women equals to 35,3% (Dahlerup, 2007). In France, this percentage is 12,1, and in Mexico it is 22,6% (Dahlerup, 2007). These countries along with over fifty different countries demonstrated their unbiased attitude to gender matters (Brooks, 2012). On the contrary, in those countries, politicians understand how important it is to represent the interests of all their citizens including women in politics. Further, multiple researches conducted by sociologists proved the effectiveness of political campaigns in which women are shown as some of the most active party members (McGrory, 1995). It is noticed that using women’s images in advertising campaigns has a better impact on the electorate. This is explained by the fact that naturally women lie rarer than men. They are also associated with reliability and decentness. What is more important, women are known for their companionate attitude to people’s pain. This all makes women desirable members for political parties. The fact that women are popular among the electorate is the reason why in so many countries, the leaders of major political parti
The performance evaluation system of Maple leaf shoes is so ineffective hence affecting the overall performance of the company. Performance evaluation system must be one which creates motivational opportunities to employees. What happens in Maple leaf shoes is discouraging to workers. More than 75% of company’s employee had negative feelings about the system. This means that many workers are not satisfied with the manner in which they get assessed. Supervisors fail to meet their obligations by not conducting the assessment process as expected. It is said that some supervisors fill in appraisal forms in three minutes. In fact, there is no way an employee can be assessed in three minutes. This shows negligence among supervisors in doing their work. The company’s management also has played a role in poor assessment. This is because actions are not taken to reflect employees’ performance. Since no promotions are effected based on the assessment reports, supervisors consider the assessment as a useless exercise. As a result, they fill in the assessment forms just to amuse their bosses but not for the best of the company. I would recommend that supervisors receive thorough training in order to understand the essence of carrying out employee assessment. Then management should take actions depending on the reports drafted from the appraisal forms. For example, performers should be rewarded by either promotion or monetary gifts. Those not performing well should also be involved in discussing their performance, and this can help identify their areas of weakness. Once the weak points are identified management can provide possible solutions hence increasing employees’ performance. The system of assessing employee performance should be restructured to ensure that employees accept the outcomes. When these changes are implemented, employees can enjoy healthy working relationships hence giving their best to the company. For the case of Canadian Pacific and International Bank, a 360 degrees performance evaluation system has been faced with opposition from some section of managers. If I were in Mary Keddy’s position, I would work with the managers supporting the system to pull the rest into supporting it. The first step is to engage middle managers in a discussion regarding the new performance system. Make them understand the benefits of successful 360 degrees performance evaluation systems. The managers should be allowed to air their fears about the new system and then all issues discussed. She should make sure that all fears raised are satisfactorily addresses and then together with the managers they should lay down strategies for implementation. The next step should be training employees on how to evaluate their
There are many ways to become a parent, each with its own pros and challenges. This journal discusses parenting by focusing on traditional birthing, assisted reproductive technology, surrogacy; adoption; and foster parenting. In addition, it explores the pros and challenges associated with each parenting method, as well as child’s perspective on each parenting method. Parenting by traditional birthing Parenting by traditional birthing constitutes a principal percentage of child-raising. Couples get their own children, having the parents’ genetic makeup, in a natural way. Legal, ethical, and psychosocial issues are relatively harmonized due to the social endorsement given to this type of parenting by many societies. The following are some of the apparent relative advantages of parenting by traditional birthing that have made it widely practiced globally throughout the history of mankind. First, human being is social creatures, and the basic element of communal living is a family. Conventionally, nuclear families are made up of married couples that together get children. Therefore, aspects of normalcy and relative lack of controversies leverages this parenting method. Secondly , legal provisions for parenting by traditional birthing are not as complex in relation to other parenting methods. Parents are required to provide children with all the needs and safeguard their rights. However, legal complexity may arise in cases where divorce and separation happen. Third, strong psychological bond between biological parents and their children is probable. Biological parents normally take their children as their responsibilities while children tend to be indebted to their parents. Nonetheless, parenting by traditional birthing faces a number of challenges. First, the number of divorce and separation cases has been on the rise. As mentioned earlier, the basic pillar of this parenting method is normal marriage. Therefore, divorce or separation subverts the normal process of rearing children. Second, natural birth processes are associated with physical and psychological changes, especially to b
Introduction Public relations can be defined as the way companies and organizations respond to the needs of the society through enhancing their reputation. Public relation is usually done in the mass media. In this case, an organization communicates its goals and objectives as a means to create goodwill with the people or the community at large. Public relation is geared towards creating a good image for the organization where the community views its operations as a corporate social responsibility concern. Public relation is all about informing the masses of the current undertaking of a certain idea that an organization has (Seitel, 2011). Public Relations Over the years, many organizations have incorporated the act of public relation that will help portray a clear good image to the public for peaceful coexistence with the community around. Many organizations have gone to a point of establishing a public relations department known to many people as PR. These departments act as customer oriented stores that assist customers in case of any problem that may arise during delivery of service. The PR departments are geared towards creating a good image for the organization. The public relation message involves how an institution can pass clear information about its products and services. This is with regards to the products and services that it wishes to pass to the community under in which it operates. Through public relation, an organization can manage the information it wishes to pass to the different individuals exposed to its services (Seitel, 2011). Public relation is used to shed some truth and show compassion of the organization to the community and the environment at large. Employees of the organization should act ethically to safeguard themselves from harming themselves or causing substantial losses to the organization. Organization management should ensure their employees have protective gear when at work, or are not over exploited by their supervisors (Bivins, 2011). Public Relations issues at Wal-Mart Public relation has proved to be an extremely beneficial tool for creating a positive image for the organization. It also shows how an organization will be ready to respond to environmental needs. Over the last few years, the retail giant Wal-Mart has hit the headlines with some issues touching on its public relations. The organization has been accused of mistreating its employees. In essence, Wal-Mart has been accused of denying the employees their rights and benefits resulting into numerous legal tussles. For instance, in 2011, over 180,000 Wal-Mart employees in Pennsylvania sued the company over unpaid work. The company has been in the news over employee maltreatment. Wal-Ma
Introduction The US economy is slowing down and people are afraid that the country may be going into a recession. Indicators of this fear are the layoffs and the downsizing of employees across many areas in business. Companies are also carefully budgeting their expenditure and hence not giving rise to a lot of new jobs. In such circumstances, getting a job in the government would be an ideal solution for many of the jobless youths in the country. If qualified and selected, their life may be secure without fear of layoffs and downsizing. But one area where this trend is not seen is the area of public safety mainly involving the police and fire departments of the country. This paper is an attempt to see why people are not willing to become police officers or firefighters despite both these posts being secure (job-wise) government jobs. Reasons to join the forces Before moving on to the reasons why people hesitate to join public safety departments it would be worthwhile to see what the reasons are for the few who willingly join such departments. In the case of police officers, one reason would be the need to react against injustice in society. Becoming a police officer would be the best way for a person with low or medium qualifications. The need to serve society is also a reason why people join public safety departments. Another reason would be the job security (of being employed by the government) even if the pay may not be comparable with the private sector. A need for an adventurous life will also be a motivation. According to an article on the Associated Content website, people are motivated to join if the person’s family has a record of having many police officers. It is also a roundabout way of settling personal vendettas. (Nicole). Why People refuse to join the police or fire departments It would now be worthwhile to see what keeps people away from being safety personnel in both the above departments. Safety The risks involved in being a police officer and a firefighter are far greater compared to an office or a factory job. With firearm laws being quite liberal in the US, police officers often have to find themselves in front of the wrong side of a gun in pursuit of justice. Firefighting is also a very risky job, especially in high-rise buildings. The scale and size of buildings in many cities in the country compound the risk factor to a great extent. Abnormal working hours Unlike the office or factory worker who has a regular ten-hour shift, safety officers may sometimes have to work at odd hours. They may also have to work for many hours at a stretch if the need arises. They may be called from leave in case of emergencies and they will have to comply without complaint. Salary: In comparison to the risks faced by both the police and fire personnel, their salary is low in similar circumstances in the private sector. The starting salary of a police officer in t
Introduction Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) was an Italian physicist and scientist whose fame is linked to his pioneer work in long-distance radio transmission and radio telegraph system. According to Navis and Glynn, he is often acknowledged and credited as the inventor of the satellite and the radio [15: 439]. Further, as Arceneaux observes, based on his development of the wireless telegraphy, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 [8:161]. He shared this victory with another physicist, known as Karl Ferdinand Braun. Although the radio transmission technology was a work in progress by various physicists, Marconi had the biggest breakthrough in it, as it will be discussed in this paper. This paper will follow Marconi’s work while at the same time referring to previous studies and experimentations by other physicists who ultimately contributed to his (Marconi) success. The paper will also identify the success of Marconi’s satellite invention from a business viewpoint as a start-up venture. Lastly, the paper will highlight Marconi’s contributions to the scientific field of radio transmission and the society in general. Early Work on Radio Transmission. The Need for Better Communication Mechanisms As Morash reveals, the research on radio transmission through radio waves began with researches by James Clerk Maxwell, who proposed theories and mathematical proofs on electromagnetism or electromagnetic supposition of light [9:13]. According to Stutzman and Thiele, Heinrich Rudolf Hertz who was also a physicist/scientist was able to prove the existence of Maxwell’s electromagnetic waves in what was later referred to as the radio spectrum, which is a range of radio frequencies as defined by the Radio Regulations (RR) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) [13: 22]. As Segre asserts, Heinrich Hertz presented the findings of his research on Maxwell’s electromagnetic signals during the 1886-1888 period, where he managed to broadcast radio signals via the air [11:31]. According to Hall, Marconi’s legacy in society is evident in his development of wireless communication technology through the use of radio waves [7:290]. This technology-enhanced communication among people. Communication is an essential part of any society, and by making it possible for people to communicate wirelessly, Marconi achieved what other physicists at the time could only theorize. As Henderson confirms, the use of radio waves communication has been phased down and slowly replaced by other wireless technologies, including his satellite invention [6:3]. According to Schwartz and Hayes, it is difficult to imagine the field of wireless communication without a mention of the efforts and contribution of Marconi and his companies through the perfection and commercialization of the radio waves transmission technology [10:44]. The whole of radio and television broadcasting sectors, which are important segments of modern society in passing communication and home entertainment, owe their genesis from the work of Marconi and his companies. Guglielmo Marconi’s Satellite Invention. The Radio Transmission Technology The field of radio transmission has a major application