ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Among all the works that have been studied, Jayatilleke and Lai (2018) demonstrated the highest accuracy and completeness of the theoretical overview of organizational change management. On twenty-three pages, the authors characterize the change as a phenomenon of progress or regression, show the importance of managing it, and evaluate known management models. This article can be called a guide for beginners who are interested in the most comprehensive analysis of corporate change and how to manage it. In the second section of their work, Jayatilleke and Lai take an approach unusual for scientific articles, where vital information that the reader is concerned about is presented in the form of small answers to a question. This contributes to a better understanding of what is read since the answer is not overloaded with additional information and can always be found. The reader can conclude that the idea behind Jayatilleke and Lai’s work is to identify different approaches to defining the same concepts in the context of organizational change. On the other hand, the work leads to a discussion about the importance of communication between employees in introducing change and the objectivity of the information collected to analyze management models. In the final section, Jayatilleke and Lai provide a list of additional problems that cannot be solved by existing management technologies. This, in turn, prompts the reader to conclude that effective management requires the development of better methods. Change management cannot be implemented internally if the persons concerned do not support the idea of a changing environment. In their work, Mathar and Gaur (2020) asked themselves how to select a change agent that would be most effective and productive in helping to consolidate the company’s changing culture. It is important to note that the solution proposed by the authors of the research is simple and at the same time accurate: Mathar and Gaur proposed to search for the most appropriate employee through the integration of social networks and graph theory. Their article leads the reader to the conclusion that the ideal change agents within a company should have significant social influence and connect different groups of employees. From this point of view, the graph and network theory suggested by the authors is a useful tool, since it allows tracking employee sociality through such networks as Facebook and Twitter. The only issue that remains unresolved in their research is the confidentiality of the
Introduction One of the principal concerns of international relations entails the need to foster the growth of the spirit of nationalism while protecting national territorial integrity. As a result, any differences between nations do not result in global conflicts. As witnessed in the case of Soviet Union’s influence in Eastern Europe, some nations did not cede from seeking to maintain their power to control other countries in the world after the Second World War. In fact, as Kirchner and Dominquez (2011) assert, while advancing the concerns of international relations, harnessing diverse perspectives of nationalism held by people from different nations was critical soon after the end of the Second World War. This research argues that the discourse of international relations is instrumental in understanding experiences such as the Soviet Union’s suppression of the uprisings in Eastern Europe after 1945. The Second World War left the Soviet Union victorious. However, its economy was enormously negatively affected. Its largest segment of agricultural and industrial output was significantly affected compared to the post-war period. In the effort to rebuild the war-torn nation, the Soviet government accepted limited support from Sweden and Britain. Nevertheless, it turned down any US support that had been proposed through the Marshall plan. The Soviet Union feared that such support would undermine its territorial integrity while eroding its strong spirit of nationalism that had been acquired through Second World War victory. Thus, as the research reveals, the Soviet Union’s suppression of the uprisings in Eastern Europe after 1945 was part of a strategy for ensuring a steady flow of raw materials and the necessary machinery for rebuilding the nations after 1945 consistent with its spirit of nationalism. Objectives of the Research The discourse of international relations underlines the necessity of nations to live without animosity. It emphasises the need to foster peaceful coexistence. Hence, any regime that engages in the oppression of other nations or acts that erode the territorial integrity of a particular group of people is inconsistent with the concerns of international relations. Using the case of the suppression of the uprisings in Soviet Union’s occupied territories in Eastern Europe after 1945, the current research seeks to achieve two objectives. The first objective is to discuss the experiences of the uprisings in the Eastern Europe under occupation by the Soviet Union after 1945. The goal is to understand the gains of the Soviet Union following such oppression, especially in helping to rebuild the devastatingly destroyed nation following the Second World War. The second objective extends from the first objective. It focuses on whether the gains or the reason for occupation had any meaningful connection with concerns such as nationalism as advanced through the discourse of international relations. Research Question Research projects have research questions as their core foundation. Indeed, all aspects o
Introduction Tourism is the “sum of activities and relationships between various parties, which arises from the travel and stay of non-residents of a certain location to new locations, as long as the movement does not involve an earning activity or permanent residency.” 1 Environmental degradation is one of the major factors that threaten the existence of humankind. Tourism is one the factors that may have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, it is vital to ensure the sustainability of tourism activities. Sustainable tourism strives to reduce the impact of tourism on the environment while ensuring that tourism activities provide future benefits to the local people. The major aspects of sustainable tourism are environmental, economic, and socio-cultural. Sustainable tourism strives to maximize the positive impacts of tourism while minimizing the negative impacts. 2 Protection of the Amazon River basin is one of the major sustainable tourism initiatives. Whistler Resort and Kangaroo Island are some of the major sustainable tourism initiatives in Canada and South Australia respectively. Whistler Resort Whistler resort is the brainchild of a group of adventurers. The adventurers wanted the area to host the 1968 winter Olympics. They created the Girabaldi Park to enable the area host the winter Olympics. After the failure of the bid, they converted the valley into a huge ski resort. Whistler resort comprises of restaurants, 4 championship golf courses, skiing resorts, more than 200 shops, bars, accommodation and hiking spots. These features make Whistler Resort one of the best mountain resorts in North America. 3 In the early 1990s, Whistler Resort introduced a program that monitored various indicators of environmental, social, and economic changes. This enabled the resort to conduct town hall meetings with the local community to discuss the growth of the community. However, significant increase in the levels of “tourist flows, rising real estate development pressure and infrastructural costs, and emerging climate change impacts” necessitated Whistler to change its approach. 4 These factors necessitated the development of a Comprehensive Sustainability Plan (CSP). CSP incorporates the views of the community in devising a strategic plan that would increase Whistler’s sustainability. Local values and core sustainability principles guide the CSP. CSP provides an interconnection between the traditional values of sustainability and individual actions. This holistic approach to sustainability provides a sustainability filter for all individual actions. The CSP has various sustainability program tasks that act as benchmarks for sustainability. CSP has several key performance indicators (KPI) that use three pillars of sustainability as their foundation. Whistler Resort, the municipal government and other partners monitor the CSP. 5 One of the major strengths of Whistler’s CSP is that it incorporates the views of the local community. This helps in improving the welfare of the local commun
Life and Times Civil rights activist Medgar Wiley Evers was born on July 2 in 1925 in Decatur, Mississippi and died on June 12 in 1963. His effort in the rights movement to defend the rights of people is always overshadowed when the concentration is focussed on Malcolm X and Martin Luther King. He was a son of James Evers and Jessie Wright. James Evers was a sawmill worker and a peasant farmer. His mother, on the other hand, was a very devoted Christian and a homemaker. Medgar was the third born in a family of four that also included Charles, Elizabeth and Ruth. He is said to have had an independent mind from his childhood. In spite of the tough times for black children of his era, his parents made sure that Medgar attended school without interruptions. This was very different because at that time it was very difficult to find black children going to school on full-time basis (Brown 17). Most of them would interrupt their learning to take up odd jobs such as harvesting crops. His urge to become a human rights activist was developed following an experience he saw when he was young. A family friend was lynched for seemingly disrespecting a white woman. Medgar was recruited in the army at a teenage age of seventeen years in nineteen forty-two (Williams 12). This gave him an opportunity to fight in the Second World War and got the experience of working in a foreign country. Jessie, his mother, was very strict and this contributed to Medgar growing up as much disciplined man. This necessitated his service in the military. Following his encounters while in the military, he chose to live to fight racism back in his homeland. He grew up through tough times as Decatur was one of the segregated towns and the most important economic activity was farming (Brown 37). Medgar met and married Myrlie Evers in 1952 after graduating with a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from Alcom Agricultural and Mechanical College. After graduating Medgar worked as a salesperson but went on to get three children with his wife. Though working as an insurance salesperson at Magnolia Mutual Insurance Company did not earn him good salary, he derived satisfaction in working for a business owned by a black. His role in activists’ movements Medgar had always stated that other than so many goals that he wanted to pursue, his main aim was to be important in establishing a place where blacks and whites would be equal. Magnolia Mutual Insurance Company was one of the businesses that were owned, run, funded and serving Africans in Mississippi (Williams 39). Working for this company enabled him to travel a lot around Mississippi. He therefore, got firsthand experience of the levels of poverty that people went through. This was in addition to his life that was a testimony of poverty in itself. Moreover, his stint in the armed forces gave him a chance to understand how Blacks were mistreated in America yet they would get recognition elsewhere. Medgar wanted to join the University of Mississippi to study Law but his application was declined on racial grounds and he was
Every single person has experienced peer pressure in their lives. Every single person has experienced peer pressure in their lives. Social life implies regular communication with various people that may impose their views on somebody. Such a contradiction between one’s own beliefs and the community’s values may affect a person rather harshly. The desire to conform does not make it easier for the person to blend in if the societal values do not resonate with their own. The individual beliefs often go in contrast with the societal standards which can cause the rejection or contempt by the community. The peer pressure of various characteristics due to the community’s contradicting desire can lead to moral decay or psychological illness in a person. People of all ages are subjected to peer pressure; it happens not only in childhood but also in adulthood. Children are the most susceptible to it because of the forming identity and relationships. The main character in Salvation by Hughes was only twelve when he faced peer pressure to convert and join Jesus in a church. He could not handle the pressure and cried at night because of his disturbed morality as he “could not bear to tell her that he had lied” and did not see Jesus (2). The outcome of this decision was his hopelessness and belief that “there was a Jesus anymore” caused by the church congregation’s provocation (Hughes 2). Adults appear to be less influenced by their peers due to formed personality and consciousness, but the character of Orwell’s novel still silently suffered after killing the elephant. He experienced a complex societal dilemma when the boy realized his role in imperial society and the natives’ expectations towards a white person. It may as well be spoken or unspoken, direct or indirect. The boy was affected by both types, but his peer’s spoken commentary on the bench influenced him the most. The boy’s perception was significantly affected because of the one-to-one environment, where the recipient is the most perspective. The praying group around him also gradually increased the tension and pressure. The dilemma the man faced inside his head, on the contrary, was unspoken. He did not specifically get the order to kill, nor the crowd told him, but he felt the pressure. The man realized that the action he took would significantly alter the societal opinion of him as he felt the unspoken crowd’s desire. Either way, peer pressure puts a person in a position of deciding on the spot. Indirect peer pressure is more subtle, like killing an eleph
Post It is difficult to underestimate the significance of the development of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) by the International Council of Nurses [ICN] (2017a). This framework intends to articulate nursing practice in general, and one of its catalogues is devoted to disaster nursing (ICN, 2017a). This catalogue can be viewed as a language of disaster. In particular, it provides the terminology that can enable the communication of the nurses engaged in disaster management and those preparing to do so. As a result, this classification facilitates the dissemination and retrieval of information worldwide, contributing to the development of disaster nursing. It is also noteworthy that the project is a product of nurses’ collaboration; for example, the International Council of Nurses (2017b) highlights the importance of translating the updates of the classification, which is predominantly done by volunteer nurses. Thus, the classification is both a product of nursing collaboration and a tool that can enhance it, which, in my opinion, makes the project and its idea of developing a unified language rather sustainable. First Response Thank you for your comment; it appears to have summarised all the key functions performed by a standardised nursing language. One of the important aspects that you highlight is the improvement of patient care: I agree with you, and I suggest that every outcome and feature of disaster languages which we have discussed can have a positive impact on patient care. For instance, the improvement of communication between specialists (not necessarily only nurses; multidisciplinary teams are also likely to benefit from unified nursing languages) helps to coordinate their activities and encourages the sharing of information. The former outcome is directly beneficial for patient care, and the latter is bound to help indirectly by developing individual and collective nursing knowledge. Similarly, data collection contributes to evidence-based care, which is also beneficial for patient care, and, as it was established, disaster languages facilitate data collection. Therefore, the development of unified nursing and disaster languages is relevant for improving the quality of care and patient safety. Second Response Thank you very much for your overview of the Flinders University School of Nursing and Midwifery Project; it is both informational and inspirational, and it appears to be important that you focus on a particular contributor. Mentioning various players that contribute to the development of disaster nursing and its languages helps to illustrate the way the global community collaborates to develop a unified terminology. The International Council of Nurses (n.d.) recognises this fact, and one of the features that help ICNP to respond to other contributions is its ability to be cross-mapped with different classifications (p. 1), which is achieved by establishing partnerships with various developers. The positive outcomes of these partnerships are appar
The data collection techniques used by a researcher are important in any research process since they primarily determine the validity and reliability of the study findings. There exists a wide range of data collection techniques that can be used by social scientists to collect primary data in key research areas (Wilson & Sapsford, 2006, p. 93). Some of the most commonly used data collection techniques include questionnaires, interviews, participant observations, focus groups and case studies. This paper evaluates how face-to-face interview technique can be used to gather the requisite information needed to answer key research questions in the broad area of same-sex marriages and civil unions. My primary area of interest would be to understand the social and psychological problems experienced by children reared by homosexual parents. It should be noted that all techniques of data collection involves some extent of structure (Wilson & Sapsford, 2006, p. 93). Accordingly, the interview would be highly structured to avoid any chance of departing from the key issues during the interview process. A face-to-face interview technique that utilizes an interview schedule to lead the process will best suit the selected research area. Here, a standard interview schedule will be used for each respondent in the sample, in which the interview questions will have the same wording and will be asked in the same order. Due to the age of the respondents to be included in the study, this technique is viewed as appropriate since it will give the researcher an opportunity to guide the respondents by using prompts. More often than not, respondents deviate from the laid down procedures of the interview to give their own accounts or experiences that may not be easily categorized (Wilson
What arguments does Hakluyt present in making a case for colonization? Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. He carefully explores economic concerns and articulates a number of issues towards colonization. One of the issues discussed is the expansion desire for English citizens. He argues that the expansion will not just provide England with peace. It will also propel the opening of new markets. The latter will, in turn, reinvigorate industrial growth and the creation of new job opportunities. This will be made possible because England will easily secure raw materials and control strategic ports. In particular, he emphasizes that the economic challenges faced by Britain can be eliminated through colonial means. What type of colonization does Hakluyt imagine occurring? Colonization has been considered as a means through which other nations control and use native people to serve their interests. However, Hakluyt argues that this type of colonization is not acceptable, legal, or moral. As such, his version of colonization simply includes settling on the shores of a selected nation and exploiting any resources required by England. His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. Besides, he believes that colonization should entail friendship or familiarity. This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. This will also enable England to suppress her enemies, improve military force, take advantage of prevailing weaknesses in other economies, and optimally exploit resources. What is the importance of religion in Hakluyt’s case for colonization? Hakluyt’s reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. His medieval polemic concern becomes clearer when he mentions non-Christians who need to be defeated. The latter term encompasses paganism, Judaism, and Islam. It is evident that religion can be used to colonize the native people by championing the ideals of peace and God while exploiting resources at the same time. Hakluyt posits that religion plays a fundamental role in matters related to colonization since it ceases to be a peripheral concern. Hence, religion is a careful strategy aimed at providing compassion and hope for the poor natives and the low-class English population while punishing the wicked through doctrinal or religious teachings. In essence, he argues that both the economic and social ambitions of England can be pursued via religious
Introduction: Entering the New World of Economic Possibilities The world has entered a new stage of development, which has also affected the economical aspect of many countries. In the today world, the key principle of successful business venture lies mostly in whether the product is well-promoted and recognizable enough. The latter can be achieved by the cooperation of several partners, which the corporate entrepreneurship presupposes. Making the product or the services famous worldwide and at the same time enlarging the company to the size of an international venture, corporate entrepreneurship helps an enterprise strive in the new business and economical environment. However, the impact of the corporate entrepreneurship on the development a new products or services is still not quite obvious, and the effects of the new approach are yet to be seen. Therefore, analyzing the basic features of the theory and checking the results of its practical application, one can offer certain suggestions about the effect of globalization on the development of new products and services. The New Definition of Globalization and What It Means for Entrepreneurship Globalization is quite a complicated phenomenon. It is rather hard to nail it down with one hundred percent accuracy. According to Myint, “There is no universally agreed upon definition of globalization. However, it is generally understood that globalization is one of the major forces shaping the future of nation-states, as well as the future of a state-centric world order” (Myint, 2011, p. 396). Globalization embraces a lot of other issues. The latter fact makes globalization a complex phenomenon. Moreover, it is impossible to understand globalization process without knowing its every aspect. As Myint explains, every single issue of globalization must be embraced to give a full-fledged definition: It conveys different meanings in different contexts because the fundamental ideas of globalization are not born out of theory or philosophy; they are rooted in the evolutional and historical events and aspirations of the people of the world (Myint, 2011, p. 397). Thus, it is necessary to incorporate several issues. First, as Myint assures, “globalization denotes a process of denationalization” (Myint, 2011, p. 397). It is necessary to add that “causes and consequences of globalization are motivated by and associated with the common good and bad of humanity and human aspiration” (Myint, 2011, p. 398). Key Factors of a Global Product Success: Putting Some Effort When dealing with the globalization issues, one has to take account of all the possible factors that make the economical mechan