ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Migration affects people’s lives on multiple levels, including financial, economic, and social ones, to name just a few. The political effect of migration might seem to be unnoticeable at first, yet it reveals unexpected depth on closer scrutiny. When assessing political effects of immigration, one will have to acknowledge the intrinsic connection between political, social, and economic changes. Whenever a political shift occurs, it immediately sends ripples across the community, altering its economic and social perspectives accordingly. Likewise, immigration affects communities on a sociopolitical level, causing vast changes. In his paper, Castles (2010) explains that the social changes are to be taken into consideration when evaluating the effects of immigration. For instance, the author emphasizes that the general theory of migration needs to be connected to the social ones in order to explain the key alterations that immigration causes. Simultaneously, Castles (2010) connects the sociocultural impact of immigration to the economic one, indicating that the phenomenon in question affects the economy of the state. Particularly, the author posits that the increase in the amount of labor force that immigration entails leads to the improved performance of local companies, hence the rise in GDP rates and the overall increase in the economic performance (2010). Therefore, the interconnectedness of political, economic, and sociocultural effects that immigration cause within the fabric of a specific state and its sociopolitical environment becomes a crucial factor to consider. In addition, the fact that Castles challenges the traditional idea of migration being perceived as a problem is worth considering as an innovative suggestion. Indeed, although migration is often caused by the problems faced by migrants in their home state, it also implies new opportunities for the specified population. In addition, the community that welcomes immigrants also receives significant support in the form of new resources. Namely, when being integrated into the local community, immigrants contribute to the economic and sociocultural development thereof, as Castles (2010) explains. Consequently, it is essential to consider socio political and economic consequences of migration as a combination of effects that have a reciprocal effect on one another. Otherwise, the assessment of the impact that immigration produces will be incomplete, at best, and erroneous, at worst. Another important contribution to the understanding of the political impact of immigration has been provided by Kapur (2014). Remarkably, Kapur (2014) emphasizes the role of the concept known as temporality in the development of political changes caused by immigration. According to the author, the notion of temporality, specifically, its aspects, including “duration, acceleration,
Introduction Global warming and climate change are major areas of concern for all countries today. Global carbon emission trading is one of the proposed methods of reducing carbon pollution hence global warming. In this system, Environmental Protection Agencies determine the permissible level of carbon emissions then issue pollution credits to deserving companies. The permissible level is determined based on carbon emission estimates produced by the companies in question. The trick with these credits is that they companies can be sell or buy them. This means the highest bidder can acquire most credits. Currently, companies can trade these credits amongst themselves in the European Union. However, in Japan and Korea, companies can trade the credits within the countries under the Kyoto Protocol. This paper seeks to examine the economics of Carbon Emission Trading. We examine both the positive and negative sides. In the conclusion, a position is taken regarding this issue. Pros and Cons of Global Carbon Emission Trading The case study’s author advocates for global carbon emission trading. He considers it an efficient way to reduce carbon emissions while having little impact on the economy. The writer notes the rapid growth in the market for these carbon emission credits. The article proposes that the fact that the credits can be traded enables reduction in pollution at cheap costs. This is because companies whose cost of reducing emissions is high can purchase the credits from companies whose cost of reducing emissions is low (MIT, 2011). This saves the earth from global warming while simultaneously reducing operating costs for companies. Unfortunately, the article fails to consider the negative impact of such trading. If carbon emission trading is adopted on a worldwide scale, it is highly likely that poor companies in poor countries will sell all their credits to rich companies in the developed world. This trend is already evident in large companies purchasing emission credits from smaller companies. Therefore, the large company continues to pollute the environment because it can afford the credits. Global Carbon Emission Trading will enha
The topicality of the issue of how TV viewing and computer games affect the development of toddlers, children, and teenagers is rising. Jackson’s (2018) article “Does TV viewing during toddlerhood predict social difficulties and conduct problems?” is dedicated to discussing the correlation between TV viewing and the behavioral development of toddlers. The most significant conclusion of Jackson (2018) is that the development of toddlers depends not on the amount of time they spend watching TV per se but on the content they consume. According to the conducted observations, if a family does not engage the child in watching interactive TV programs, there is a high risk that he will have behavioral problems and social difficulties. In other words, this means that watching age‐appropriate content will help a toddler’s development. Besides, Jackson (2018) informs that excessive TV viewing does not cause toddlers’ social or behavioral problems. From what is written above, Jackson (2018) infers that a child will be better off if he excessively watches TV programs that were created for his age than spends an average amount of time watching content for adults. Remarkably, the article of Jackson (2018) is based on the quantitative analysis of the data retrieved from numerous studies conducted earlier. The conclusions are not based only on subjective interpretation of observation of the behavior of a small sam
Introduction and Background Information Policies in healthcare systems are faced with numerous ethical issues. Ethics is a vital aspect of medicine and healthcare delivery, especially in the determination of wrong or right actions. Larson (2013) suggested that almost every policy in healthcare has critical ethical implications to pertinent stakeholders, including patients, care providers, and healthcare leaders. 1 For example, The Affordable Care Act (ACA), also referred to as Obamacare, has raised numerous ethical issues, especially its constitutionality and norm conformity. Obamacare was legislated in 2010 to become what is arguably the most comprehensive and extensive law in US healthcare in the last five decades. Obamacare institutes a unique and novel direction for the federal healthcare system, which stresses preventive services and primary care. 2 Moreover, the ACA allows for insurance coverage for the uncovered and attempts to augment patients’ outcomes. Various theoretical frameworks have been put forward to explain ethical issues in healthcare systems. This research paper investigates ethical issues surrounding the ACA while applying ethical theories to the associated controversies. The utilitarian, libertarian, and deontological ethical theories concerning the ACA Since the ACA is faced with numerous ethical issues, it is imperative to consider some of the ethical theories that can be applied in addressing its administration. Some of the common theoretical frameworks that are applicable to ACA include utilitarian, libertarian, and deontological theories. 3 The deontology theoretical framework is based on the principle that the morality of a course of action is determined by its consistency with moral norms. As such, an action is only deemed ethical if it complies with societal expectations. On the other hand, the utilitarian theoretical framework is principled on the view that the morality of a course of action is determined by its outcomes or its consequences. If the consequences of an action are positive, then the course of the action is considered ethical. 4 5 6 On their part, libertarians base their ethical framework on individual self-governance, where there is minimal interference from the authorities. When an action, especially from the authority, h
Introduction According to MacLean, Cameron, Harney and Lee (2012), volatile substance use is one of the main problems that make it hard to attain a desirable social fabric. With most people turning into substance abuse, the question that is asked is how the psychosocial institutions can reduce the number of new abusers of drugs and alcohol and the way the drug and alcohol addicts can be rehabilitated and incorporated back in the society effectively. Research shows that a substantial number of rehabilitation institutions have been established to facilitate the recovery of drug and alcohol addicts. However, further research reiterates the resounding role of social networks of the addicts in fostering full recovery and rehabilitation of the addicts. Therefore, the development of interpersonal relations that foster the development of social networks and social identity is critical in the rehabilitation of the drug and alcohol addicts. More often than not, the rehabilitation process is halted only by paying attention to the social workers and psychological professionals, addicts, health care professionals, and the families of the addicts. This leaves out the issue of interpersonal relations among addicts, yet is vital in rehabilitation. The main question that this paper seeks to answer is: what role do interpersonal relations play in drug and alcohol rehabilitation? This paper argues that the policies governing the rehabilitation of drug and alcohol addicts should pay attention to interpersonal relations of the people under rehabilitation because they are the main determinants of complete rehabilitation. In presenting the arguments, the paper begins by bringing out the essence of interpersonal relations of the subjects in drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs. This is followed by an intense discussion about the modalities of incorporating interpersonal factors in the road to recovery and rehabilitation of drug and alcohol addicts. The discussion focuses on the exploration of studies that expand on drug and alcohol rehabilitation, before drawing conclusions and recommendations that can help in explaining how interpersonal relations should be factored in rehabilitation. The essence of Interpersonal relations in drug and alcohol rehabilitation As observed in the introduction, the rate of alcohol and substance abuse in quite high. Thus, substance abuse rehabilitation centres have been established to help volatile substance users regain their status and social position in the society. However, as these
A management Accountant is an officer responsible for management accounting role in an organization. The core significant role of a Management Accountant lies in the decision making process of an institution. There are several roles of a Management Accountant in an organization which includes but not limited to establishing and administering adequate plans for operations control, administering tax procedures and policies and supervising as well as coordinating reports preparation to government agencies (Jeffrey C., 2011). At Southwest Airlines, the Senior Vice President Finance and Chief Financial Officer fulfils the management accountant roles in practice. She is entrusted with the responsibilities such as airline’s overall finance activities which include accounting, tax, fleet planning, insurance and reporting among others (Laura, 2012). Value chain is generally a series of primary and supportive activities that an organization carries out to change inputs into value-added outputs for its targeted external consumers. The main value chain activities include inbound and outbound logistics, marketing and sales, operations and service (Michael, 1985). Idle time is the time lost by employees during production. It’s the difference between the time for which the employees are paid and the time they actually spend in production. In other words, its time paid for but no production was obtained from the employees. Idle time can be caused by inefficient scheduling, material shortage and machine breakdowns among others. Supply chain is defined as a system of institutions, technology, information, people, resources and activities involved in moving a certain manufactured goods or service from the supplier to consumer. Conversion cost is the sum of time spent by employees working on producing a product and overhead costs. This cost includes direct and indirect expenditure incurred in moving one production process to another. In essence, conversion cost can be expressed as direct labor cost plus manufacturing overhead cost (Conversion Cost, 2011). Period costs are selling and general administrative expenses associated with passage of time and not with the output units thus not a part of manufacturing process. Examples of period costs include interest, rent and depreciation which are charged against sales revenue in the same period they are incurred. Inventoriable costs refer to costs of inventory on hand which are treated as assets until they are sold. These costs are considered to be part of merchandising cost which includes direct labor, direct material and manufacturing overheads (Barron Educational Series, Inc., 2005). Finished goods are manufacturer’s inventory products which have completed the re
Psychophysics has been defined as a study of how stimuli and sensation are related by Gescheider (pp24). Psychophysics deals with how a life form uses its sensory coordination to become aware of events in its surroundings. This description is practical, since the processes involved in sensory systems elicit great interest, rather than their formation (physiology). A psychophysical hypothesis, known as the theory of Signal Detectability uses a blend of statistical choice theory together with the idea of perfect observer modeling the sensitivity of the observer to events that are in his environment. This theory is stimulus-oriented, since properties regarding the stimuli enable researchers to decide the hypothetically best ideal for a given detection undertaking. This viewer may subsequently be used in comparing the performance of him and other viewers. For example, the capability of humans to notice easy audio waveforms can be reproduced as a linear method composed of an integrator, rectifier, filter and sampler. Many discovery tasks involve multiple events and dimensions. Usually, many experiments that are carried out in psychophysics are centred on our senses. Some of the initial queries in psychology were based on our link to the exterior world. How is reality? Does subliminal stimulus really cause changes in behavior? Is an item subconscious if the reticular configuration changes the information as irrelevant? What functions does attention and consciousness have on sensation? It is a quantitative branch of psychology that examines the relations between stimuli and the resulting responses and reasons why these relations exist. Structuralism is way of looking at human sciences that tries to make an examination of a field as a complex organization of interrelated divisions. Structuralism was the initial school of psychology which was focused on having mental process broken down into basic components. Under structuralism, people undertaking research tried to comprehend the elements of consciousness through introspection, as method developed by Wilhelm Wundt. Edward Bradford Titchener, a student of Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt, is responsible of bringing ‘New Psychology’ experimental psychology to America. He is credited with coining the term structuralism though the concept was developed by Wundt, his teacher. Titchener’s fundamental wish was to establish an explanatory method rather than an explanatory one thus the term structuralism. He was studying the formation of consciousness. He also came up
St. Paul’s letters in the New Testament addressed numerous life events, occasions, and realities. He wrote them specifically to varied communities while addressing fastidious issues. It is crucial to understand the occasional nature of these letters following their relevancy to the entire world. For instance, it is notable that what Paul wrote to Corinthians differed considerably with what he addressed to the Galatians and other factions; nonetheless, the spiritual content remained coherent (Ehrman 56). Paul responded to various issues that affected given groups in the past. Hence, understanding this aspect will help in appreciating Paul’s efforts to transform the world religiously. All the letters he wrote to varying societies addressed various contentious issues in a contextual manner. He tried to answer questions posted to him, misconstrued matters, and contentious issues that required clarification. It is appropriate to understand the contexts, which Paul based his touching letters. Firstly, understanding such occasions will help in integrating his teachings, aligning them contextually, and following them explicitly as demanded in the bible. Another evident argument on why it is important to understand such aspects is the ability to know and comprehend the inception and spread of the gospel and early churches. The recipients of his letters were hardly conversant with salvation, righteousness and prevalence churches. From the teachings in the letters, Paul managed to convince numerous communities by addressing their specific issues. This indicates the alleged importance of understanding the occasional nature of his correspondences. Understanding the occasional nature of Paul’s scripts unveils the introduction and spread of churches as well as the acceptance of Jesus as the supreme savior of humanity (Ehrman 25). Importantly, Paul’s letters addressed contextual issues and clarified their implication and application in the real life context. Spiritual guidance played a critical role in these provisions. It is from Paul’s viewpoint that the guidance of God could outdo any other relative misperceptions. Hence, understanding the occasional nature of these scripts is important in unveiling t
Learning refers to the acquisition of skills through a study. The rate of skills perception depends on a person’s sense of the surrounding and likes. Depending on these two factors, a person can prefer to use one or several styles of learning. These styles of learning include aural, visual, verbal, social, logical, solitary and physical. Use of these strategies of learning assists to form the base of understanding. In this way, a person appreciates the use of acquired knowledge in a practical situation of problem solving. It is, therefore, vital to enumerate and evaluate the need and importance of proper learning styles. In this enumeration and evaluation, I will describe and create a plan for a lecture incorporating and emphasizing on three styles of learning. A lesson plans inculcates students with the required wisdom, skills and knowledge. In so doing, the plan manages time and warrants proper and effective use of facilities. Also, the need of a lesson plan is appreciated for the easy and broad overview it provides to a lecturer. This overview enhances organization of the lecture and incorporation of different learning styles. Lack of proper organization causes introduction of divergent ideas, misinformation and inconsistent topics. It is, therefore, clear that teaching performance requires appropriate strategies to improve learning skills. In a lesson designed to study about learning styles, I can determine the goals for the lesson. For instance, the goals could include the student’s prediction of the styles, determination of basic styles and learning strategies awareness. In this way, the lecture is directed and properly instructed to achieve the core its needs. A lecture without a targeted goal remains unstructured and fails to deliver its role in most cases. The necessity of structuring a lecture is, therefore, a fundamental tool to consider in every lecture. The materials required during the study of learning styles would include a description outline of discussion topics and activities, writing materials, questions, handout and PowerPoint presentation. The complements of a lecture determine its effectiveness. It prevents monotony of teaching and learning styles that could lead to boredom. This complementation also ensures coverage of many styles hence retaining students’ styles of learning remain unbiased. For instance, a lecture on learning style above could involve visual PowerPoint presentation
Introduction According to Aamodt (2009) stress is the psychological and physical reaction to certain life events or situations. Fear, resistance, resentment, change, relations with others, organizational politics, and unfavorable physical environment are the main causes of stress (Aamodt, 2009). Even though stress affects different personalities differently, it could result to grave consequences if not well managed. How Do Stress and Stressors Help a Person in Identifying Ways to Cope? Many people often think there is little that can be done about their level of stress. However, the fact is contrary. Individuals should identify their stressors and develop coping strategies aimed at neutralizing and finally eliminating the effects of the stressors. I have in the past adopted various strategies in coping with stress. There are many stress coping methods. However, individuals often find themselves employing unhealthy and unproductive methods, which end compounding the problem. Such methods include withdrawal from friends and families, use of pills, drinking, smoking, overeating, and taking out of stress on other people. Even though these methods can work, their results are temporary as individuals soon face the reality of the stressor. Healthier and effective ways of controlling stress require either situation change, or reaction change. Every individual exhibits unique response to stress, which makes it impossible to have a common method of coping. The simplest approaches to coping with stress, which I have used in the past, include problem identification and solving, acceptance, alteration, self-nurturing, and anticipatory approach also suggested by Aldwin (2007). Problem Solving Approach in Coping Stress Problem solving approach is a strategy that its applicability is dependent on the determination of the main cause of stress. Once the stressor is identified, it becomes easy to solve the stress as an individual directs his or her energy towards subduing the stressor. For example, if lack of finances is the main cause of stress, then an individual may seek for new employment to provide for the much-needed cash. The Identification of the Stressor The identification of the stressor also opens a window for an individual to explore other adaptation methods, which can be of help in the future such as avoidance. In anticipatory approach, an individual prepares for possible causes of stress and consequently prepares for them before their actual occurrence. Past trends a