ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Definition: Regression is one of the methods used in business forecasting. The regression analysis is based on developing a definite model with the help of which it is possible to forecast the changes in revenues. The conclusions are made with references to the relationship reflected in the developed statistical model which is the result of the regression analysis. The statistical model depends on the correlation between a single dependent variable and independent variables (Collier & Evans, 2011, p. 223). Regression models can be simple linear and multiple linear. Simple regression models examine the value of time to forecast the possible costs or revenues. Thus, simple linear regression is based on finding the correlation between two different variables with the help of the method of least squares (Collier & Evans, 2011, p. 224). If the primary variable of a simple linear regression model is time, a multiple linear regression model depends on using several independent variables. Role: Regression analysis is actively used in business forecasting to develop the necessary strategies to predict and regulate costs and revenues. It is essential for the manager to analyze to forecast the numbers for the next year and prepare a budget (Collier & Evans, 2011, p. 224). It is sufficient to use a simple linear model as well as a multiple regression model, but the infinite regression guarantees more accurate forecasting and more realistic data because of using more than one causal variable (Collier & Evans, 2011, p. 225). Thus, managers can use the regression model not only to examine the correlation of time and costs but also examine the dependence between time, price, and expenses. Applicability: It is possible to state that McDonald’s also uses the regression analysis to forecast further revenues to plan the budget and strategy for the next year. The focus on the mathematical relationship between variables is a rather easy way to examine the current tendency and predict further changes because the regression analysis provides information about demands. According to annual reports, McDonald’s usually examines the correlation between the variables and demand to identify the relationship between these variables and determine the causes which affect the development of the tendency and the current numbers to forecast the changes and possible connections in the future. To save the leading position in the world as the successful company in the sphere of quick service restaurants, McDonald’s should regularly examine the past tendencies and relationships between the variables to predict the future results (Collier & Evans, 2011, p. 78-79). For instance, according to the annual report of 2011, the company’s revenues increased 12% with 8% in constant currencies, and standard operating income increased 14% with 10% in constant currencies ( McDonald’s Corporation: Annual Report 2011 , 2012, p. 11). The annual report also provides the numbers concerning all the spheres of the company’s financial development. The conclusions about the revenues are
Peptide Amphiphiles Peptide amphiphiles fall under the category of nanomaterials, and many researchers have actively investigated them within the past decades. One of the most significant reasons for the amphiphilic peptides to receive so much attention is because they are simple in design and versatile in the application (Qui et al. 5005). Besides, this type of molecules can self-assemble, which represents a significant measure of creating nanomaterials (Qui et al. 5005). In such a way, due to their functions, peptide amphiphiles present high interest for the scholars within healthcare research. This part of the paper will investigate the role of amphiphilic peptides, their application and its advantages, and their use in cancer diagnosis or treatment. First, it is essential to understand what the amphiphilic peptides (PAs) are. The definition states that they are “small molecules that contain hydrophobic components covalently conjugated to peptides” (Hendricks et al. 2440). Today, PAs are used in different projects because they create an effective and advanced platform to design hybrid materials (Hendricks et al. 2440). Hence, possessing various biomedical functions and having a structure that can be used for the creation of nanomaterials, Pas can be applied in different studies and lead to discoveries in the medical industry. It is crucial to look at the features that the self-assemble function provides to the medical industry. The self-assembly of molecules is defined as “the spontaneous aggregation of molecules into well-ordered nanostructures, which are usually driven by non-covalent bonds” (Qui et al. 5003). Therefore, to successfully design the materials that self-assemble, it is critical to understand and control the molecules. According to Qui et al., nature itself has already provided numerous paradigms for the design of self-assembling molecular materials, such as how the lipids shape the bilayer membrane (5003). It is possible to say that with taking natural paradigms, the researchers managed to develop other systems that self-assemble, like amphiphilic peptides. The self-assembly feature of the PAs has several goals that it can achieve because the role of the peptides is integral in many biological processes. Existing evidence states that peptide self-assembly aims to unravel the principles or to generate the nanomaterials that possess biocompatibility and specific functions (Zhao et al. 115). Moreover, the fragments of the peptides and their derivatives represent the “building blocks for self-assembly” (Zhao et al. 115). Again, it shows that the peptide amphiphiles can have d
Introduction Training teachers, as part of complete instructional delivery, is laden with series of benefits since it makes the education process more inclusive and learner oriented. By training teachers on the rights instruction delivery methodology, it is not only possible to create an inclusive education environment but also to equip the teachers with necessary resources and skills required in the dynamic instruction delivery field, irrespective of the grade or type of a classroom. Since time in sundry, different programs have been created to teach teachers as the education environment keeps on changing with the introduction of new technology, constant revision of the curriculum, and changes in standardized methods of teaching. For instance, the teaching of teachers (ToTs) program has become ideal in equipping teachers with the right skills in the education environment. As a result, teaching teachers has become a necessity to ensure that the instruction deliverers remain relevant and acquire new skills to tackle any challenge that might arise in the course of instruction delivery. There are several reasons that guarantee the success of the ToTs program. The first issue is that it takes time for people to learn things, and often years for them to master it. This means that effective ToTs program is a blueprint for creating an inclusive learning environment that spans over a relatively long period to guarantee internalization of necessary education skills. For instance, a program on instruction delivery would create an-all-round instructor who is focused on creating of an ideal and sustainable learning environment. The second issue is that people learn differently. Therefore, a successful ToTs program may become flexible enough to support various learning styles at instructor and learner levels. Therefore, this treatise attempts to explicitly review three strategies that are useful for ToTs in relation to my learning experience through the pre-service and in-service teacher education programs. Literature Review A large body of literature indicates that individuals have different teaching, learning, and preference styles. The learning preferences tend to differ among learners (Darling-Hammond & Sykes, 2009). The purpose of learning has in the recent years shifted from memorizing information (surface learning) to being able to find and utilize the information (deep learning). Modern studies have indicated that learning process is constructive and not receptive (Brownell, Bishop, & Sindelar, 2008). As a result, the learner is expected to construct and understand knowledge. The learner then creates new ideas and models from the information obtained (abstract hypoth
Introduction Childcare involves a wide range of activities that are directed to providing an all round benefit for the children. Games are very important aspects in the development process of children and it is therefore appropriate to have them integrated in children’s daily activities. There are a variety of traditional games which differ with culture of the society in which children live. However, recent games have come to level this diversification since they are played by children all over the world regardless of where they live. Extensive studies concerning children’s games and their effects have shown that children are able to learn a lot of things through playing games. This principle has been found to show great effectiveness to babies as well as older children since they have a better understanding of things when they practically do them rather than when they are given theoretical directions. Information on children’s games is very important to parents, caretakers and teachers in order to assist them in the process of choosing the best game for their children and also get an idea on how they are played. Murphy (1997 p.10) Background Information Quite a number of families all over the world have become victims of the current economic crisis which is being felt by almost everyone in some way. Therefore, it has become a major challenge to meet the basic needs and at the same time buy toys for the children. This has made children to become very innovative where they make toys for themselves and also invent their own games. For instance, they make use of bottle caps to construct toys’ wheels while plastic scrap is used together with a string to come up with makeshift kites. However, some recent games are hard to invent as they require computers and/or videos in order to be played. Materials used to pay these games are not locally available to children, which make it hard for them to pay if their parents cannot afford to buy them computers and video players. The traditional ones are therefore found to fit better in the current economic crisis leaving parents with the burden of meeting other basic needs. Takraw Takraw is a game that is mostly played by children in Thailand and it has a high level of similarity with hackeysack game played in U.S. A grapefruit sized small ball that is very hard is used while playing takraw. In comparison to takraw, balls used in hackeysack are not as hard which is the main difference between the two games. Children from Thailand make takraw from materials of natural fiber that is woven to come up with a very hard ball. Players position themselves around a circle from where they make passes to each other in a circular motion. The funny thing about takraw is that it is played with the use of feet, shoulders, heads and legs but not hands. Children in Thailand love
In the present-day world, when people have reached the level at which the humankind deserves being called the informational civilization, managing information becomes one of the most important processes. Hence the need to coordinate the knowledge acquisition processes and stream them the required way appears. Moreover, the interest in the processes of knowledge acquisition, processing and storage has increase over the past few years, launching a million of theories concerning knowledge acquisition processes and the means to control them. In his book Knowledge management in theory and practice, Kimiz Dalkir splits the knowledge management procedure in several stages that are required to process a specific bit of information for its further application. Speaking of the significance of these processes, one must admit that each of them serves a certain purpose and, therefore, their significance must not be underrated. They make a chain of reactions in a human brain, and, once one of these processes is taken out, the chain is broken. Hence, every single element serves its purpose and is extremely important. However, when considering the stage at which the interruption into the process and its further cancellation leads to the most drastic events, one must take a closer look at the knowledge production processes in the McElroy KM cycle (Dalkir, 2005). To the given stage, new knowledge is being produced, which the goal of information processing actually is. Therefore, the given process is the most important. As Cope and Freeman explain, “Demand-side KM is focused on knowledge production, the demand for new knowledge” (Cope & Freeman, 2002, 39).Since during the stage of knowledge production processes, new knowledge is generated, the given stage is crucial for the KM process. Another peculiar stage that the KM process involves is the one at which various problems are solved. At the given stage, the key decision points are made, which means that the stage of decision making is the point at which the acquired knowledge are tested and applied to practice. Previously only a theoretical concept, the acquired knowledge obtains a practical foil for its further use, thus, completing the knowledge management cycle. On the one hand, it can be argued that the given process is far from being significant, since it does not presuppose either acquiring any additional knowledge, or analyzing the information in order to evaluate it and shape into a specific theory. Indeed, there are little to no discoveries that can be made in the process of knowledge application. In addition, the process of testing a certain theory has nothing to do with obtaining the information, which alone means that the given stage does not have much in common with information processing. On the other hand, though, the process of knowledge application can and must be related to the knowledge management cycle, since it presupposes the use of the newly acquired information. When defining the most significant stag
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to evaluate Wray’s essential aspects of Biblical Law and Justice in light of what it offers religious educators for the classroom study of justice. A large portion of the Bible has been dedicated to the issue of law and justice. Therefore, religious educators who teach about justice in classrooms today must go back to the Bible and look at biblical legal codes and justice. Justice has become a matter of concern for many people in modern societies. Nevertheless, it is a concept that is socially constructed, meaning that it is subject to contextual interpretation. Various Interpretations of Biblical Laws and Justice Wray has conducted an extensive study on the subject of social justice and suggests that students taking any course on law or social justice must go back to the origins of these laws and justice, in this case the Bible. He maintains that biblical laws and justice should be taught in the classroom in a bid to tackle some of the prevalent issues affecting modern societies, including laws, prohibitions and injunctions (Wray, 2011, p. 161). Indeed, the quest for social justice has been highlighted by many social philosophers for many centuries since the emergence of enlightenment and industrial revolution. The industrial revolution and the emergence of capitalist economies gave rise to social decay and the erosion of social values as most people were subjected to hard social and economic conditions. The world is divided between the haves and the have-nots. In theory, social justice is an attempt to address the question of equity and fair distribution of income and resources. The theory of justice implies that people should be treated equally (Miller, 1999). The concept of social justice is widely used today to refer to the fair distribution of resources amongst the members of the society. For many centuries, this concept has been applied in various societies, but it is evident that even today discrimination of the poor from the
Introduction The Kite Runner is a novel written by an Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini. When Hosseini was a child, his family moved from Afghanistan to France, and then to the USA. This experience is partially reflected in the narrative of the author. Hosseini has written three novels, and The Kite Runner “has sold millions of copies worldwide and been classified as one of a classic” (Khadawardi 2017, 88). In this essay, the summary of the story, information on the main characters and themes, as well as a personal opinion about the composition will be presented. The Kite Runner: Summary of the Novel The story revolves around the life of a young boy from Kabul, Amir. He lives with his father, Baba, a wealthy man who never has time to spend with his son. Amir feels jealous when he notices Baba’s cordial treatment of his friend, Hasan, the son of their servant. To deserve his father’s love, Amir decides to take part in the kite competition with Hassan. Even though the two boys could keep their kite in the sky for a long time and won the first part of the competition, the event ended tragically. Hassan runs away, trying to find a place where the kite fell. After waiting for him for a long time, Amir decides to follow his friend and becomes a witness to the rape of Hassan by his enemy Assef. Amir is scared to interfere and help his friend and decides to go away and pretend he did not see anything. Feeling guilty for what he did, Amir stops talking to Hassan and does not want to be his friend anymore. He blames him for being a thief, and Hassan and his father leave their home. Soon, the Soviet Union troops intervene in Afghanistan. To save their lives, Amir and his father immigrate to the USA. Many years later, after his parent’s death, Amir receives a letter from a family friend. From this letter, he learns that Hassan was his brother and that he knew about Amir’s betrayal but still loved him until the end of his life. Unfortunately, Hassan died with his wife during demonstrations in their country, but their little son, Sohrab, managed to survive. He was sent to an orphanage, and the author of the letter asks Amir to save the child and take him to the USA. Amir decides to go to Afghanistan and finds his nephew there. Even though it turns out to be difficult for Amir to adopt him, he promises Sohrab never to send him to an orphanage again. One day, when Sohrab notices that Amir is about to break his promise, he tries to commit suicide. Even though the boy survives, he starts to keep to himself being silent most of the time. One day, Amir buys a kite for Sohrab, and, for the first time, he sees a smile on his face. Thus, it is not entirely clear if the story has a happy ending or not. Even the protagonist of the story mentions that he does not know for sure if the story of Hassan and his nephew, Sohrab, ends happily (Hosseini 2013). However, the aut
In the traditional cultural beliefs, a ghost is universally thought of as the spirit or soul of a dead person. It could even be that of an animal, which can appear to the living in different manifestations. In every culture, people believe that ghosts exist, which is certainly true, except that their description differs. Ghosts may manifest in realistic, life-like visions or even as an invisible presence. They could as well be manifested as wimpy shapes. Those do not believe in the existence of ghosts can only be thought of as living in an ideal world. We have witnessed or heard stories of ghosts haunting particular people or locations associated with them when they were still alive. Ghosts are known to exist because there have always been evidences of them communicating with people directly or even in dreams. In the Bible, which forms an integral part of lives of all Christians, it is documented that spirits spoke to Jesus when he wanted to cast them, asked him why he wanted to interfere with them while his time was not yet, and begged him to drive them into a herd of pigs. Jesus answered them and said “Go!” and they left the two men whom they had controlled for years and instead went into the pigs. These scriptures, along with many other scriptures in the Bible, are a clear proof of the existence of ghosts. They existed even before what we now call the modern world and they are still there since people die every day and transform into ghosts. It is something we just cannot assume that does not exist. They have powers in the spirit world, time and again, we have witnessed circumstances of spirits controlling certain aspects of life activities and our lives. There have been several instances of ghost activities or people meeting and talking to ghosts. Although some people tend to dismiss such stories or events, I believe that it is just a matter of time before they experience such instances before they come to believe that ghosts exist. Some people who have walked through cemetery lands in the dark have always had memorable experiences. Some of them have been chased by ghosts from the cemeteries or have heard voices of invincible beings talking to them or talking on their own. There have been instances of people who have encounters with ghosts being mentally disturbed or ill, and in some cases, developing complications which can not be diagnosed or explained scientifically. Some people, who to me, pretend to be living in an ideal world, have tended to explain the existence of ghosts as being in the minds of people, and therefore to them, people react according to what they believe in their minds. Such perceptions are certainly not true. For example, in my Junior High School, students would wake in the morning only to find their pair of shoes missing from under their beds, but later find their well polished shoes in the lavatories. According to the history of the school, a catholic nun had died while teaching in the mission school and therefore her spirits have returned to haunt those in the school. If anybody was to dismiss the existence of ghosts in my former school, how would they explain such instances? How do they explain the presence of