ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Authorization of expenditure by Andy Wong, the manager of the Optical Systems (OS) at 3M Corporation Based on the problems encountered in the past and the perceived failure of the products developed by OS, there is a slim chance that the AFE or authorization for expenditure will be approved by higher management. However, Andy Wong and his team believed in the tremendous potential of the privacy screen, considering that there are tens of millions of personal computers in the whole world and if 3M can leverage its brand and its resources to connect with these potential customers then the initial cost that will be needed to create the said product will be recovered and the team can help the 3M Company make money in the long run. Nevertheless, it would be a major challenge for Wong. And so four major things must be included in his AFE and these are:  1. Wong must be able to show that the OS team can maximize the resources that they already have access to;  2. Wong must convince Guehler that he is able significantly to reduce the cost of Research and Development and it would be considerably lower than what the other teams under the SSSD will request from him;  3. Wong must be able to show that there is a demand for this product and that sales will pick-up one year after its release  4. Wong must convince Guehler that this is a new product that contains a great deal of innovation, something that is far advanced than what their competitors can offer to their potential customers. Wong can point to how they were able to recruit additional workforce and consultants from other departments without having to request additional funding. The willingness of “outsiders” to pitch in and help them with their task can significantly speed up R&D and at the same time ensures that they will be able to come up with cutting edge technology. Wong will then explain that there is no need to start from scratch and therefore there is no need to request significant funding to push through. Wong will have to reiterate that there is an untapped market of over 30 million personal computers in the United States alone and if they can succeed in America the rest of the world wil
The article is addressing the various mind sets that managers ought to embrace so as to be effective and successful in their managerial work. It has exemplified on how they are expected to perfectly blend and intertwine their action plans on the ground and their reflective thinking. They are expected to devise a way of executing the abstract reflective thoughts into reality on the ground. These two mind-sets are incorporated with collaboration, worldly mind-set and an analytical mind to make up a cohesive managerial mind. The five mind sets were then analysed as follows: first, the reflective mind-set that basically involves the managing of self and is taken to mean the bridge between life experiences and the connection with the reflective mind. Reflective managers have the potential to stop, think and immaculately reflect on their past experiences. Secondly, the analytical mind which entails the ability to break down complex sophisticated phenomena into fragment parts that can be easily managed. The problem with most managers was found not to be lack of analysis but rather too much of it hence missing out on the point. Thirdly, the worldly mind set that entails being aware of the surrounding environment and having a worldly perspective of the business market. While global managers spent most of their time in their offices, worldly managers work with their employees on the ground hence good managers should have a worldly perspective. Fourthly, collaborative mind-set – It goes without saying that managers need to work harmoniously with their employees as well as with top governing bodies to ensure the success of the company hence there is a great need for all the sectors of the organization to coordinate and operate jointly. It also advocated for the use of engaging management style as opposed to heroic style since engaging managers listen more and talk less. They are also more sensitive and attached to their duties. Lastly, the action plan – being sensitive about what the team is capable of achieving and setting goals that are realistic and attainable. Emphasis was laid on the action plan and change and their impact on the organization. For change to have an impact on an organization, it was exemplified that there was need for continuity. In the action mind set, the managers ought to be very careful to make changes to the appropriate sectors while retaining the rest. Some of the lessons we obtain from the article include: the need for managers to be competent in deploying the five mind-sets in their managerial styles so as to effectively deliver results in the business market. They need to focus not only on what needs to be done but also on how they thoughtfully tackle their errands. Businesses structured on the five mind-sets have proven to be insightful and efficient in their business ordeals as portrayed in the article. Efficient managers are keen to learn about the environment surrounding the organization and the context in which they operate. Managers ought to be experienced in life and get involved in the cultural and trad
Music has had different ways in which it has been defined and understood depending on factors like culture. All the same, music has universally acceptable characteristics. The most important characteristic is the fact that music involves the arrangement of sounds. This is true regardless of whether the sounds are vocal or instrumental sound. The art of arranging these sounds to come up with a nice harmonic, continuous, and unified rhythm is basically what music is all about. The differences heard in music depend on the genre of the piece of art that has been adapted. This research seeks to identify rap as a type of music and to justify why it should be categorized as so. Emergence and nature of rap music Rap music was born out of anger and disappointments in the early 70s when African-Americans were struggling for civic and economic inclusion (Tropeano, p. 3). . While the other entire music genres by then held on to the old moral teachings in lyrical contents, rap was vocal in opposition and addressing the political oppression of the black community. Rappers lacked the traditional band backup and only used turntables in making their music (Kubrin, p. 7). However, the art of arranging sounds remained upheld in this genre just as in other genres of the time. Rap music though has retained the characteristic angry attitude of singers from the 70s to date. That is the nature of rap music as we know it. Components of music Music is a composition of pitch, rhythm, timbre, harmonics, and volumes, sustains, and speeds. All these are components that a change in one of them changes the entire flow of the song. Rap music has been criticized as a style in music because it lacks rhythmic flow. On the contrary, rap music responds in obedience to all of the musical rules above (Tropeano, p. 3). All rap songs are sung in pitch which means either high or low tone. Rap music is characterized by the catchy rhythmic flow that makes the music so attractive to listeners and that is why it has gained so much popularity over the years. The human ear can not listen and approve of unorganized sound as it is registered in the mind as noise. This, therefore, proves that rap music is an organized collection of sounds from vocal sounds to instrumentals and that’s the main definition of music. Qualities of music seen in rap music There are universally acceptable qualities that make art to be classified as a piece of music. Every piece of music has expressive qualities that make it stand out among the rest and makes it attractive to listen to. Expressive qualities include factors that do not relate to rhythm and tone rather to the performer’s expression (Kubrin, p. 5) . Music dynamics are the softness and loudness of a song. How a song is played whether soft or loud has particular effects on it. However, the dynamics of music vary according to genre and culture. Rap music for example is played loudly while country music is soft and slow. This simply means that a song can not be classified as to whether it is musical or not by the virtual of its softness or loudness (Tropeano, p. 3). Rap
Thesis Statement The local problem is that I was not able to register for the available classes in time so that I was at the edge of sending down. The fact is that there are not enough classes in my department available, so trouble has arisen. The fact is that it is not so complex for being impossible to solve, as I could get registered for the online classes, or going for similar classes in any other school. Taking into account the ethical and moral points of view, it is necessary to mention, that the righteousness of my behavior is rather doubtful. Ethical point of view Educational organizations are microcosms of ethics and the community that maintains them. As such, they should be the foundations of ethical action. These organizations should be the educational base for students to define and perform their individual ethics standards which will guide them for the rest of their lives. In my case, the conclusions are made within the administration of the school which impacts the entire institution, entailing faculty, staff, students, and even visitors to the campus. These conclusions should be models of ethical deliberation for all entailed and should serve as instances for the school community. The education process has the role of offering not just such instances for students, but of offering students with education in ethical estimations, entailing the underlying perceptions, critical thinking capabilities to assist in conclusion making, wide regard of universal ethical standards, and a feeling of responsibility for others when making individual selections and decisions. Every classroom turns to be a laboratory of the process of decision making, and of thoroughly examining selections in the workplace, interpersonal contacts, and individual lives. Tutors in our school can play rather a significant role in helping students to regard ethical decisions as an integral part of their future lives, both as experts and in their everyday living. From the point of ethics, surely I was not right, as I had to care of being registered beforehand. As Aristotle argued on the issues of an ethical system, it may be defined as “self-realization”. In Aristotle’s regard, when an individual acts according to his nature and understands his full impending, he will do good and be happy. From the very birth, a child is not an individual, but a potential individual. To become an “actual” person, the child’s intrinsic potential must be realized. Discontent and aggravation are reasoned by the unrealized potential of an individual, leading to failed aims and poor life. Aristotle stated, “Nature does nothing without success.” Nevertheless, it is very important for individuals to act according to their nature and expand their latent aptitudes, to be satisfied and happy. Happiness is regarded to be the initial aim. All other objects, such as civic life or wealth, are just tools to achieve happiness. Self-realization, the awareness of one’s nature and the development of
For this semester, the author would like to explore the topics of employee engagement and retention. It is part of the social pillar of sustainability, as it involves stakeholders and their personal considerations. The author is interested in the topic because it is essential for many aspects of companies’ long-term performance. Employee engagement drives innovation, with motivated and productive workers generating new ideas and voicing them so that they can be implemented in the workplace. As a result, the company can continuously develop new products and stay ahead of the market, retaining its advantage. Moreover, improved staff retention enables the company to keep skilled workers and benefit from their competencies. Meanwhile, a company with poor retention can struggle to succeed in its projects and lose employees to competitors. Understanding how to prevent the dangers and benefit from these two traits’ positive aspects is essential to long-term success and, therefore, sustainability. The author hopes to learn more about the concepts of employee engagement and retention throughout the semester. They intend to obtain a more precise definition of the terms and understand their various aspects. Additionally, the author expects to review the latest research regarding the different benefits that companies with excellent practices in the area can generate. It is critical to understand how a business can capitalize on the creation of an engaging environment that motivates one to remain in the workplace. Lastly, the author wishes to review the practices that leaders in the field use to achieve their excellent performance in the two aspects. The topic is complicated, and a list of best practices would be highly beneficial for successfully implementing the necessary policies at the author’s future workplace.
Introduction We live with and come across stereotypes in our average day to day experiences. Stereotypes come in many forms. A lady walking alone in a dark alley at night may see a bulky tattooed man in a leather jacket and give him a wide berth. Stereotypes can be harmless or on the other hand they can be very damaging. The ‘West’ and ‘Asia’ have been on a collision course for centuries now. The two stand at extremely opposite and distant poles, constantly accusing the other of undermining their authority and casting each other in a negative light. One of the two is always at fault, with both parties always in denial of accusations that are leveled at them. But who exactly is represented by the ‘West’ or the ‘occident’ and the ‘Asia’ or the ‘orient’? What stereotypes do the two sides have each other, what fuels the antagonism that lies between these two, and what is the role of tradition in fostering the unwavering enmity? By looking at the works of four respected scholars who have dedicated their lifetimes to studying these stereotypes, and whose personal lives have in one way or the other been shaped by being from the ‘West’ or the Orient, I will try to answer the questions above in an attempt to shed light on the animosity and deep antagonism that there is between the ‘West’ or ‘Asia’. What constitutes the ‘West’ and the ‘Orient’? For one to fully perceive what one is, one has to have another with who to compare and contrast his/her attributes with, and weigh them against his own. This is very natural to the human nature. The understanding of ‘self’ is pegged on the understanding of the ‘other’- the person, or group of people with whom we choose to compare our own abilities, traits and beliefs. The tendency to look down upon this ‘other’, to dig up their faults and shortcomings so as to make us feel superior is also natural to us. We are more receptive to those who fall within our own social groups than those who fall into another category and whom we tend to treat with suspicion and hostility (Hobson & Ranger, 1992). When it comes to ‘Orientalism’ first coined by Edward Said in his 1978 book of the
Introduction Hippies emerged from the mainstream culture of the 1950s and 1960s, following in the footsteps of an earlier counter culture group, the rebellious youth movement known as the Beat Generation (Issitt 1). According to Miller (xiii) communal societies have long been an American cultural fixture, with anywhere from dozens to hundreds of them operating at any given moment. However, nothing in the American communal past would have led any judicious observer to predict the incredible communal explosion that began during the 1960s. The years that followed saw the number of communes and hippies increase in different parts of the world. The size and diversity of the new communitarianism made accurate counting of communes and of their members impossible. Nevertheless, the overall significance of the 1960s era as a watershed in American communal history communal history is undeniable. Despite the fact that there have been challenges trying to the population of communes, the exact number of communes has continued to increase. Today, we are no longer dealing with communes numbering in the low hundreds but rather with thousands and, probably tens of thousands of them. Numerically, however, the hippies probably constituted a minority presence on the 1960s communal scene, as thousands of other communes sprang up as well. In addition, there were new communes founded by spiritual seekers of all sorts. Historical Development of Hippies and Communes According to Miller (5), more than a generation has elapsed since the communes of the 1960s era burst onto the American scene. At the same time, those who were involved in the great American 1960s era communal experiment, whether still living communally or not, are more accessible than they used to be in the past. Apparently, the majority of the 1960s era communes were short lived, but their impact on American life has been really solid. According to some scholars, communes have for a very long time had social influence beyond their own memberships and typically, brief lifespans. Many of the 1960s communards were well educated, and they produced a variety of creative works that help us to understand the period from which they emerged. Communal Census Practically, it is impossible to establish the number of communes who existed during the 1960s era. The plain fact is that no one has a better idea than that of just how widespread communal living was in those days. Of the many observers who visited and tried to track the communal America, dozens made estimates of the size of the communal outpouring, but in all but a few cases, those estimates were simply wide guesses, utterly without foundation, or quotations of the wild guesses of others. The most recent guesses as to the number of communes were in the low thousands. An article in the New York Times in the late 1970 gave the figure of nearly 2,000 communes in America. Although the article makes an attempt to explain how
Pollock maintains that modernist art objectifies the subjects and, in particular, women. She suggests that this is not because there were no prominent female artists in this era, but rather that the current crop of opinion makers in the art world have selected a certain set of sexist practices as exemplary of modernist art. Therefore, she says that in order to even begin to criticize a female artist of this time one needs first to deal with the masculine myths of the genre. Pollock points out that T.J. Clarke limited the definition of modernism even further by his restriction of it to the facets of the Paris of Manet and the Impressionists, a place of leisure, pleasure, and excesses, and it seems that he focuses upon spaces that excluded women of class or morality. (Pollock 1992, 121-135) While Clarke acknowledges that women are excluded from these spaces and that the paintings of this group of artists imply a masculine audience. Pollock remarks that women cannot be included in either the audience of these kinds of paintings as that would imply that they could objectify and wish to possess the subjects, a naked barmaid and the voluptuous Olympia. Of course, she is not even considering the possibility that this could be so for lesbians. The women are, after all, quite attractive. Pollock insists that people like Clarke exclude women of class from even experiencing modernism or its spaces which were private to men. Pollock asks why modernity seems to be ruled by masculinity and its definer, the subjects which include nudes, prostitutes, brothels, and other such sexually charged spaces which only men and their objects frequented. She calls this a class distinction and suggests that modernism is as much a class era as it is gendered and based on male sexuality. She points out that if we try to add women to modernity, we have the problem of making these female artists “other” or outsiders, and not part of modernity at all. Pollock says that the spaces of modernity created an environment whereby the art of female artists became something entirely new and challenging. In fact, she shows us how the male works separate spaces by public and private while works by female artists separate them by gender. It is interesting that we generally ascribe separation by gender to men. Further, the placement of the viewer is different among male and female artists. Male artists locate the viewer outside the painting, while female artists tend to place the viewer within the painting, citing works by Cassatt and Morisot, two artists upon whom she concentrates in her article. She identifies split spaces and div
Social Exclusion of Unemployed Individuals As a term, social exclusion is used rather commonly; however, the exact meaning of it may be unclear due to the lack of a precise definition and the fact that exclusion can be perceived differently by different people and groups (Atkinson & Hills, 1998). The confusion with the term and its meaning are based on its relative application (the groups from which one is excluded, the reasons for exclusion, and its manifestations), its changeable agents – some individuals may facilitate their own exclusion, and some are forced to be excluded from their social groups or specific circumstances that are beyond their control; also, communities and groups may become the victims of exclusion just as much as individuals (Atkinson & Hills, 1998). Finally, another prominent characteristic of exclusion is its dynamics. In particular, in relation to unemployment, social exclusion may occur not specifically because some people are jobless or lack regular income, but because they have little to no opportunities or prospects for the future (Atkinson & Hills, 1998). In addition, in regard to unemployment, since this problem is in direct relation to money, the phenomenon of social exclusion tends to apply across more than one generation as low-income parents are more likely to fail to provide opportunities for their children. Also, Kieselbach and Treiser (n.d.) noted that social exclusion associated with unemployment usually is characterized by multiple dimensions such as the isolation from the educational system (due to the inability to afford studies), society and culture (because of socially unacceptable standards of living); also it is linked to institutional, spatial, and economical types of exclusion. Statistically, according to the data of the World Bank (2016), over the last couple of decades, there have been several peaks of unemployment registered worldwide – the first occurred in 1999, and two more in 2002 and 2003 with 6.59, 6.54, and 6.52 percent rate of unemployment accordingly; further, in 2007, the registered rate of global unemployment was the lowest estimating 5.5 percent; another peak occurred in 2009 when the prevalence of unemployment rose to 6.2 percent. The latest statistics gathered last year show a relatively low rate of 5.7 percent worldwide (The World Bank, 2016). In the countries of Europe, the rate of unemployment varies between 3 and 23 per