ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nursing home care for the elderly has been a common practice in the US for many years. Normally, this practice has proved to be a beneficial intervention to many people who are in constant need of special care and treatment, once they have entered their golden years. The practice also serves as a big relief to many families who may often find themselves tangled in great dilemma on how to best cater for either both or one of their parents who is not able to live independently, as a result of advanced age. Moreover, it is in the best will of the US government to administer special medical concern on the aging generation as it has been constituted in the health regulations. Bearing the above concerns in mind, home care for the elderly is a necessary intervention in USA and it has always been a welcomed idea in all the states. However, no matter the overall benefits associated with nursing care, there have been great concerns recently, following increased hospitalization of residents of nursing homes (Feder and Komisar, 2005). Oftentimes, this has resulted into numerous hospitalization complications for the patients and unnecessary health care expenditures that have amounted into billions of dollars. This concern has triggered a number of multifaceted strategies and policy measures that are likely to prevent unnecessary hospitalization of nursing home residents, thus helping to address the current incentives associated with the practice. One such approach which has proved to be promising in addressing this matter is INTERACT. INTERACT, which is an acronym for ‘Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers’ is a special program of improvement whose main focus and mission is to take care of acute change in the condition of home care residents in the US. As it would be observed, the main objective of this program is to establish desirable care conditions in nursing facilities, thus minimizing the frequency of avoidable hospitalization of home care residents. These frequent but unnecessary hospitalizations have raised conflicting financial conflicts between Medicaid and Medicare, the two bodies involved in providing for nursing homes and hospital services, respectively. This however, has been observed to be as a result of inadequate or even lacking health care facilities within many nursing care homes. Some of these facilities would include radiology services, on-site pharmacies and well-trained staff in matters of health. INTERACT comes with educational and clinical tools, among other key strategies that would be necessary in addressing the recurring health issues associated with long-term care institutions (Loeb
Introduction This paper is about the effects of food capitalism on people’s diet. The paper is limited to a discussion of human dietary effects that arise from regular consumption of industrial and artificially processed foods. Further, the paper suggests effective solutions to eliminate identified health threats. The report will be of direct relevance human population consuming processed foods. They will be informed about the effects of food capitalization, and how to avoid its negative impacts. Background Definition Food capitalism can be defined as the radical shift in development and production of food for human consumption. It is a worldwide phenomenon whose effects is felt by millions of people. Food capitalism has brought about new changes in the human diet and has changed the nutritional value of foods eaten by human beings. This has contributed to the erosion of healthy diets. History Food capitalism dates its history from the industrial and agrarian revolution that brought about massive changes in the agricultural system. Agricultural systems changed from small and subsistence food production to large export production. Also, land ownership changed from small scale ownership, and large scale ownership was introduced. As a result, new methods of farming were introduced to encourage production. Current Situation Currently, industrial food production is mainly a profit making business that has created a global crisis. Also, industrial food production overwhelming effects to human health. The western world has devised inappropriate models of food production that rely on industrialization. As a result, processed foods rich in; calories, fat, carbohydrate and sodium dominates most diets today (Anderson, 2013, para. 23). Processed foods account for lifestyle diseases, especially in the American society. In fact, Americas population is exposed to heart diseases, cancer, Type 2 diabetes and cancer, all linked to changes in eating habits (Crossfield, 2009, para. 8). Causes Changes in Agricultural Practices in Third World Countries Developing countries are subjects of agricultural adjustment programs that impose strict conditions in exchange of low interest loans. Therefore, governments in third world countries create open markets to exports, among them food exporters. This leads to fluctuation of food commodities in domestic markets. As a result, farmers experience fluctuation in food commodities and are unable to compete with introducing prices (Avakian, 2008, para. 17). Industrialization of Agriculture Today, agricultural production depends on modern technology for cheap and tight labor. Agricultural manufacturers have improvised new technologies of preserving food products with chemicals and transporting them to other continents. Consequently, there has been continuous growth of food capitalism. Also, industrialization has led to the growth of corpor
Introduction The interview targeted the supervisor in the judiciary area of the criminal justice administration (CJA). The purpose of the interview was to understand the position of the supervisor regarding the key issues being addressed by the criminal justice administration’s judiciary area (Doyle, n.d.). The current issues in the judiciary area include a juvenile offending, an increased number of incarcerated people in the country, gender-based violence, and the connection between the crime cycle and drug abuse. Responses From the Interviewee The respondent was a key stakeholder in the criminal justice administration (CJA). According to the interviewee, the judiciary area of the CJA was focusing on the major issues affecting the country. This respondent agreed with the outlined issues in the country’s criminal justice. This was the case because the supervisor believed that juvenile offending was a major challenge affecting the judiciary area (Ramirez, 2008). The respondent indicated that drug-related crime was on the rise in the country. The criminal justice department was using a wide range of strategies to deal with the predicament of crime. The respondent indicated clearly that over 2 million citizens were imprisoned for a wide range of criminal acts. The respondent also indicated that more women were facing increased chances of domestic abuse or violence (True, 2012). The interviewee informed me about another unique problem affecting the judiciary area. This was the “three strikes legislation” (Jones, 2011, p. 4). This means that a criminal who is arrested three times will eventually be out of prison. However, recidivism remains a critical challenge in the country. The supervisor outlined a number of measures that can be implemented to address the above issues. To begin with, the judiciary was focusing on the best strategies to respond to crimes against women. Members of the society were being targeted using powerful campaigns capable of addressing the problem. The judiciary was also collaborating with the CJA to amend the infamous three strikes law (Drudge, 2015). New research studies were being undertaken in an attempt to address the challenges of drug abuse and crime. According to the supervisor, the CJA was considering adequate measures capable of empowering different communities. The strategy was considered in order to address the problem of juvenile offending. The supervisor was keen to highlight some of the key changes that could be experienced in the judiciary area of the CJA in the next ten years. The respondent indicated that new laws would emerge in an attempt to deal with domestic offenses against women. According to the supervisor, men were also facing increased cases of domestic violence. Within the next ten years, new laws would emerge to support the male gender. New policies would also be considered to deal with drug abuse and smuggling (Garrison, 2009). The respondent argued that better programs were needed to address the needs of juvenile offenders. Additionally, the interviewee indicated that it was appr
Introduction Sustainability: The Concept Sustainability in simple terms can be defined as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Wood 2011). Sustainability necessitates focusing holistically on the various components of the operations of your business that determine the success of your business. The main components include: protecting the environment for future generations via environmental performance, meeting the expectations of visitors (customers), the profitability of the business, and engaging the local community. Three codes reinforce Sustainability:  1. It is not a ‘niche market’ or marketing approach.  2. The objective should not be ‘carbon neutrality’ short of first looking at impact reduction.  3. Triple-bottom-line is the only answer that delivers real assistance. Oishi Gourmet Restaurant and the ‘triple bottom line’ approach We, as the Supreme Marketers Organization deliberated and concluded that we shall market the Oishi Gourmet Restaurant: a new up-and-coming restaurant with a key sustainability benefit and the ability to overcome the existing ‘problems’. Our objective is to market this restaurant with positioning on sustainability. For us to achieve this, our marketing decision making process shall incorporate the ‘triple bottom line’ approach. The ‘Triple Bottom Line’ (TBL) approach is a concept of sustainability where three P’s are identified and considered simultaneously in decision making. These three P’s are Planet, People, and Profit. “This involves environmental/ecological stewardship (maintaining and renewing ‘natural capital’), social stewardship (equity and well-being of humans and community), and economic stewardship (valuing financial continuity over profit)” respectively. (Bridges& Wilhelm 2008 58) Background to a selection of the offering An in-depth analysis was carried out by our organization to vet whether or not to market the Oishi Gourmet Restaurant. Given the prevailing ‘problems’ in the market, we were challenged to successfully
Abstract The inventory management in a firm or organization highly depends on the management of resources and facilities as a measure towards economical expansion. Supply chain management depends on progressive and efficient production and distribution. In order to keep production and distribution costs at minimal levels, the organization ought to select raw materials and suppliers carefully. Managing the supplier determines and catalyzes the flexibility and, quality of goods or services at minimal costs. The main reason why a supply chain store should work around reasonable costs is to ensure customer’s satisfaction at all times, especially during the market fluctuation periods. The main aim of a supply chain is to offer innovative dimensions and remain competitive in the market by introduction and delivery of dynamic and technologically high quality inventories into the market at sustainable costs. Management of cost also enables organizations to build a vision or goal through recognition of performance break and thus narrow the competitive gap through utilization of available resources. Successful supply chain means that the consumer is not kept waiting after ordering and this is achievable via proper balancing of resources to meet demands (Lambert, 2008). According to Wisner (2008), the current economical crisis means that the financial system remains unstable thus calling for critical but quick decisions regarding trade especially on money matters. Today there is need for careful inventory management and considering that utilization of technology is taking over the trading industries at a high rate, there is need to convert the physical elements of transactions to automated systems to enhance trade at the lowest feasible costs. The high diversification of transactions means that companies need to invest in hi-tech information management urgently in order to facilitate goods transfer. +In addition, this strategy assists in compensation of the low investments rates to the international transactions. Economic crisis means low investment rates thus the need for companies to invest the available resources smartly. Background information of Wal-Mart performance This paper evaluates Wal-Mart supply chains. The Wal-Mart supermarket industry is among the largest firms supporting economic sector in the U.S. the firm deals with food and non-food products retail. The supermarket industry today enjoys a constant international growth of its customer base. This kind of market growth requires an increased need to undertake effective management strategies in order to overcome the recent restrains to global economic developments. The 2007 financial crisis caused a change in consumer trends due to a lack of customer confidence, however, good inventory control ensure lower price for the products thus the current shifts in consumption patterns among households. Today the consumers’ behaviours indicate more consumption on food items than non-food products. This is due to a reduction in the level of consumers’ disposable
Parenting Styles Parenting styles are psychological methods that parents use to bring up their children. There are many different styles and opinions used by parents to rear their children. There is no standard technique to be used and it all depends on the individual parent. Few parents realize the need of bringing up their children in a responsible way and some dedicate very little time to their children. Parenting styles are created from a combination of factors which changes over time. In practice there are mainly four parenting styles that have been used by many parents (Web, Gore & Amend, 2007). The first parenting style is referred to as authoritative parenting or balanced parenting. In this style, parents’ attention is directed to the child and they hold high expectations of the child’s maturity. An authoritative parent is one who understands his children and uses everything within his means to regulate their behavior. In case of problems or difficulties, the parent helps the children to solve them. In authoritative parenting, children are encouraged to be independent and limits are set to control their actions. Children learn to be responsible and a bond develops between the child and the parent. Authoritarian (parenting) is rather demanding as opposed to being responsive. Parents expect children to follow their orders without giving them room for self expression. Children live according to the rules and direction given by the parents and they are denied the chance of voicing out their views. Little dialogue is allowed between the child and the parent. Children live with fear and may have problems in their social lives with their friends (Web, Gore & Amend, 2007). The other parenting style is referred to as indulgent parenting. In this style, parents tend to be responsive but not demanding. They allow their children to make choices without regulating their actions. Parents are usually responsive to the child’s need and wants and are very nurturing. However, they expect their children to be responsive and rarely do they give out orders or punish the children when they go wrong. Such children grow up to be irresponsible and may indulge themselves in unacceptable behaviors such as drug abuse. Where parents are not demanding or responsive, then they are said to be engaged in neglectful style parenting. They are less concerned about the children’s behavior and are not involved in their child’s life. Children brought up by neglectful parents tend to be emotionally detached from social institutions. They grow up with a perspective that their parents have other important aspects in their lives than they are to them. Gender-Schema and Social Cognitive Theory Gender schema theory suggests that children knowledge of the concept of what is meant to be a man or a woman is learnt from the culture. It proposes that children’s behavior is determined by the gender
How Can You Starve in a Sushi Bar? The Lewis and Clark expedition had access to an abundance of fish. These fish would make many modern eaters envious. They also could see how the Native Americans survived and thrived on the diet of fish and roots. However, they were not able to enjoy or benefit from this diet and complained about it. This was like starving in the middle of a grocery store. Their preference for familiar tastes and textures may have led them to ignore or not take advantage of a useful resource. They were able to catch fish almost everywhere, as many as, “318 of different kind” on the Missouri River. This was with a willow and bark drag [1] , not even using their supply of fishing hooks. They even encountered salmon spawning runs at both their beginning and end. In what is today Idaho, they saw that, “The number of dead salmon on the shores & floating in the water is incrediable to say.” [2] Later, on the Columbia River, they were there for the start of the salmon run, which caused, “great joy with the natives” [3] . They had many opportunities to observe Native Americans preparation and serving of all this fish. The Native Americans were surviving everywhere. Some fish was dried, as in Idaho, or boiled in a basket while still somewhat fresh [4] . Somehow, this diet made the local women, “corpulent” [5] , or fat. Some of the fish bought from the Native Americans was pounded , as for example, their Christmas 1805 dinner, which, “ concisted of pore elk,…Some spoiled pounded fish and a few roots.” [6] They were around enough salmon to make a modern sushi chef happy, they complained of eating fish. On their way back through Idaho, they even turned down what seems to have been a gift of dried salmon trout and roots. Lewis worried it could make the men sick [7] . However, the local Native Americans, the Nez Perce, obviously ate these things with no trouble. It seems likely that it was something other than the fish/roots themselves that caused trouble. For example, maybe they should have eaten the whole variety of things the locals ate. [8] The Native American tribes lived successfully on fish/roots. Why couldn’t the expedition do the same? The problem could have been the attitude of some of them [9] . Maybe it was what they did, or did not, eat along with these fish and roots. Either way, it is clear that they need not have gone hungry, since there was food all around them. This may be similar to the way that an international student feels when there is nothing familiar to eat, hungry in the middle of the college cafeteria! Reference Jones, Landon Y. The Essential Lewis and Clark. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000. Footnotes  1. Jones, Landon Y. The Essential Lewis and Clark . HarperCollins Publishers. 2000. Page 7. August 15, 1804  2. Jones, Page 116. October 17, 1805.  3. Jones, Page 149, April 19, 1806.  4. Jones, Page 116, October 17,1805.  5. Ibid.  6. Jones, Page 128. December 25, 1805  7. Jones, Page 154-155. May 10, 1806  8. Jones, Page 92-93. August 16, 1805 One possibility is that they avoided the fatty organ meats the Native Americans enjoyed so much in the following quot
Explain the difference between leadership and management Although the concepts of leadership and management have in the past been used simultaneously to imply comparable contexts, it is now clear that the two are distinct in major ways. In their contextual definitions, it can be argued that leadership is distinct from management as the former involves a process of influencing others to willingly follow, while the latter underscores the capacity to achieve objectives with the resources available by maintaining the organisation in operation. In terms of the main differences, scholars argue that leadership entails setting a direction and aligning people with organisational or team objectives, while management is largely involved in tasks such as planning, budgeting, organizing, and staffing. Additionally, leadership employs the mastery of context and charisma to motivate people into action, while management utilises the control of the environment to achieve compliance. These elucidations clearly demonstrate that leadership has more strengths than management as it employs a whole range of human-centred factors to achieve compliance. As an example, in team settings where participation is voluntary, a manager may have several difficulties in getting the team to deliver as he or she is unable to control the environment. Explain why leadership is important within own team Work teams are as effective and successful as their leaders, hence effective leadership is of primary importance within own team. The importance of leadership within own team is embedded in the fact that team members need to be influenced and motivated to achieve their personal best. Additionally, in team settings, there is always the need to have a leader who is committed to clarifying about the expectations concerning how things might be done to achieve the set objectives. Leadership is also important as it is charged with the responsibility of implementing metrics of performance and facilitating team cohesion, which basically entails creating an enabling environment through which members stick to each other and remain united as they pursue the team’s set objectives. For example, most teams in work-related settings consist of multidisciplinary as well as multicultural members, implying that leadership has an important role in developing strategies aimed at enhancing members’ self-esteem and efficacy, reducing stress levels, and increasing their willingness to share ideas with the view to achieving team cohesion. Consequently, it can be argued that leadership within own team cannot be divorced from the success or failure of the team in meeting set objectives. The implications for ineffective leadership include disengaged team members, lack of clarity in group tasks or objectives, selective communication, lack of effective conflict handling mechanisms, and failure in the attainment of set goals and objectives. Describe a range of different leadership styles Numerous leadership styles have been documented in the literature, but this section samples three such styles, namely servant