ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Financial Fraud in the UAE The phenomenon of financial fraud is, unfortunately, one of the most common crimes committed in the environment of the global economy nowadays. Despite the promotion of consistent and regular audits, the requirement to file detailed reports, and other tools of supervision introduced into the designated area to execute complete control over the financial transactions, a range of organizations manage to commit financial fraud and evade the appropriate punishment, the UAE companies being no exception to this rule. However, the fact that most of the money retrieved in the course of financially fraudulent actions are used as the resources for supporting terrorist organizations, in general, and ISIS, in particular, clearly is a shockingly unpleasant discovery that needs to be handled correspondingly. Despite the numerous actions that the UAE government has undertaken to make the problem of terrorism funding via money laundering impossible, the issue is getting increasingly large because of the necessity to establish a stronger control over the subject matter at all levels from the state one to the level of local organizations management. The accomplishment of the specified goal will require the cooperation between the state government and the representatives of the UAE organizations, as well as the coordination of the latter’s actions with the ones of the international agencies. Money Laundering in the UAE According to a recent report published by the IMF, the UAE has been facing serious problems as far as the issue regarding money laundering for their further use to support terrorists deserves to be mentioned. Much to the state authorities’ credit, new laws have been passed to prevent the problem from expanding and nip it in the bud, but, once having gained momentum in 2008, the problem has been growing since. The issue is currently being addressed by the UAE government with the help of the Anti-Money-Laundering Act, which has been reinforced, and in which the regulations regarding the process of money transfer by the representatives of nationalist organizations should be restricted substantively: A Cautionary Notice has been issued in the Arabic Press advising both Nationals and Residents to exercise prudence while transferring cash funds abroad or while receiving funds from abroad. The same notice is being prepared and will be released in the English Press. 1 The specified amendments made to the preexisting regulation point quite graphically to the fact that the state authorities are eager to address the current problem and block the process of illegal money transfer, therefore, preventing local organizations from funding terrorists. The effects of the law mentioned above have been quite impressive, as the percentage of instances of the crime in question has dropped lately. Nevertheless, the battle against the specified problem continues due to a range of factors that make the UAE a target for fraudulent actions: The UAE is a significant financial center in the Middle East region, as well as a leading trade and transportation hub. Due to its geographic location, the UAE is vulnerable to money laun
Online gaming is the bane of parents worried about video addiction and adults fearful that their bosses will figure out why they are so unproductive so much of the time. The games that are designed to sell are specifically crafted with all the intellectual resources available, to make people stay with them. They often provide, if one looks carefully, intermittent positive reinforcement, which, Psychology 101 taught us, is very powerful. They are an addictive substance, and custom-built to be exactly that. So, why in the whacky world would we want to encourage people of any age to go check out more online games? Because, dear reader, the very addictiveness – the compelling nature of well-constructed online interactive games and activities are a fabulous advantage when we are trying to learn something. How can we best exploit this resource? Think about what you want from the experience of playing a game online, because there as many different opportunities as there gaming fanatics and designers itching to get you onto their sites. You may want to learn something, or sharpen cognitive skills, or hand/eye coordination, or memory, or practice specific math techniques. There is something out there for every one of these goals. Look at these wonderful websites. The most visually arresting is the National Geographic. This venerable organization has always had a tradition of providing beautiful images of the natural world and its people to inspire and inform. Did you know that the magazine used to insist that every photograph, of whatever untamed landscape or scene, should include a human figure somewhere in it? This was probably intended to reinforce the connection between people and nature. This tradition is maintained in the National Geographic website, where games are flanked by gorgeous pictures of animals, people, and vistas. The games are simple but provide a sound ecological message. The ones available at the time of this writing are aimed at the very young. If you want some of the feel of the aforementioned and decried Grand Theft Auto , but without the drugs, bad language, and violence, try, as an example, the Neon Racer game at Learn4Good. This particular game is reminiscent of the movie Tron , in its earlier incarnation, with light-outlined-motorcycles speeding down a virtual racecourse. This little
Introduction: The Story of a Heartbreak This is the kind of songs one is likely to see in the “100 Romantic Hits” CD, together with the songs of the 80ies, 70ies and 60ies. Clearly a product of its epoch, Un-Break My Heart is still one of those songs that have a timeless feeling, expressing the feelings that are just as applicable to a modern generation as to the people of any other epoch. Back to the Basics: Key Characteristics There should be no big reveal in the fact that the song was actually created by a woman and for a woman. Written by Diana Warren and performed by Tony Braxton, Un-Break My Heart possesses certain specifics that immediately set the romantic atmosphere. Key signature Speaking of the key, this is a case when a creative spark literally changed the music landscape of the 90ies, sending the latter into soul-like mood. As Warren explained, Un-Break My Heart was initially supposed to be performed in a high A Minor key. But then Warren suddenly hit the key change and decided that a B Minor “was cool” (Tingen, 2008). Time signature Commonly considered as “slow”, Un-Break My Heart is composed in a common time signature, which is defined as 2/4 and runs at 60 bmp (ISTD, 2012). Genre Though often mistakenly related to the genre of pop music, Un-Break My Heart is actually a mix of several genres, among which there is not only pop music, but also Soul, R&B, and even soft rock (Foster, n. d.). Concerning the Structure: Taking the Song Apart One of the most fascinating things about Un-Break My Heart is the combination of its structural simplicity and the huge effect which the song has on the audience, especially on the fair sex. The song does not have any out-of-the-ordinary elements or any innovative approaches; however, when the song is played, they all fall into their places, making the song a truly thrilling experience. Introduction The introduction to Un-Break My Heart is unique mainly because it does not need a context, unlike many other songs (Dunbar, 2011, 9-10). Once the song starts playing, the melodic guitar creates the required romantic atmosphere. Verse As Dunbar (2011) emphasizes, “There appears to be nothing overly remarkable about the song compositionally” (9). As far as the rhyme in the verse goes, the structure can be represented as a verse – chorus – verse – chorus – solo – bridge – chorus (Tinge
Introduction Blackjack, also known as twenty-one, is commonly credited as originating in 18 th century France and was introduced in the United States in the 19 th century. Now, Blackjack has become one of the most popular table games in the gambling industry. The goal of blackjack is to beat the dealer’s point total without going over 21 and there are three ways to beat the dealer:  1. Get 21 points on the player’s first two cards (also called a blackjack) without a dealer blackjack.  2. Get the final points higher than the dealer’s points without exceeding 21.  3. The dealer’s final points exceed 21 after drawing additional cards. Cards 2 to 10 are worth their respective face value. The face cards Jack, Queen and King are worth 10. An Ace is worth either 1 or 11 and it takes the value most helpful to the player, a hand without an 11-point Ace is called a hard hand and a hand with an 11-point Ace is called a soft hand. At the first of the game, both the player and the dealer are dealt a 2-card hand but the dealer only shows 1 card. After receiving the first 2 cards, the player has several options to take further actions. The player’s actions include:   * Hit – The player requests another card from the dealer. If the hit results in the player having more the 21 points, the player busts and immediately loses the bet to the house.   * Stand – The player does not request any additional cards and uses the value of the first 2 cards against the dealer’s total.   * Double-Down – The player has the option of doubling his bet on the first 2 cards. Like a hit, the player is dealt an additional card but the player cannot take further actions afterward.   * Split – If the player’s first two cards have the same value, the player can split the hand into 2 hands by matching the original bet. Most casinos will allow a player to split up to 3 times.   * Surrender – Some casinos offer the player the ability to withdraw from the current round at the cost of half of their bet.   * Insurance – If the dealer turns up an Ace, insurance is offered to the players. Insurance is a side bet in which the player can wager that the dealer has a blackjack. The player may wager up to half of his original bet and the wager pays 2 to 1 if the dealer has a blackjack. For the dealers, they cannot make any decisions; instead, they follow a standard set of rules. Dealers must hit until their score reaches 17 and they cannot double down, split or surrender. There are several variations to the rules of blackjack exist including a number of decks, dealer soft 17, re-split Aces and blackjack pays 6 to 5. Each of these variations has an effect on the house’s edge. For example, single deck blackjack gives the player a 0.48% edge compared to 8-deck blackjack. Blackjack is a game about probability, applying statistic knowledge, and performing data analysis of the game are helpful to understand blackjack better. To master the game, we need to get
Looking on the manifestations of the globalization, which is taking place in the world today, it can be seen that most of the attempts are taking place on the level of states and economies. Being a participant of this globalization direction on a personal level, is a great responsibility and still a challenge to overcome. As a foreign student studying abroad, becoming a global citizen is specifically important, where the experience of overcoming the existent cultural obstacles and differences can be seen as the first step of having knowledge of the world and valuing diversity. As a Persian born in Iran, I think the differences between the east and the west can be seen among the main factors that promotes keeping a gap between the nationalities and the emphasis on the citizenship of countries. In that regard, in my perception, being a global citizen is maintaining the balance between preserving my culture and tradition and learning and respecting the culture and the tradition of others. In that sense, I believe that there is no better way of understanding and appreciating a foreign culture more than a personal experience gained through living abroad. Being a global citizen is specifically important, where despite the official end of racial and ethical discrimination, a substitute of ethnic stereotyping can still pose the same threat. In this digital era people tend to acquire their information only from digital sources, and thus I must admit that I also can fall under the influence of the images that portray others. In that regard, the ability to study abroad is like acquiring information form the first hands, and raising knowledge that is free from biases and prejudices. Studying abroad programs is like a certificate that I will be able to constantly adapt to new ideas and circumstances, and thus I will be ready to participate in the transformation that will be needed through my whole life and career. Being a global citizen means that I will be perceived by my qualities, and being welcomed everywhere, I will be able to help people with the knowledge that I will acquire. From such perspective, nursing as the choice of my major is my first step toward being an active participant in changing other people’s life. Applying for studying abroad program will help me attain the status of global citizen by receiving the opportunity to evaluate my beliefs in a new way, and take a look at the educational area in which I am interested from a new perspective. Gaining the skills of intercultural communication will help me obtain a deeper understanding of my values and a wider world view. Every person might assess the meaning of being a global citizen individually, and I think that there is no right or wrong answer in that. From my perspective being a global cit
Introduction Poverty is a major problem that many countries in the world deal with in the 21 st century. This makes it necessary for multinational companies to work together with low-income earners in different countries to develop programs that would help in poverty reduction. This would be more applicable in developing countries since they face numerous challenges. Low-income earners in different countries need to cooperate with multinational companies to raise their living standards. Aim This report aims at providing a critical analysis of C.K Prahalad’s perspective about poverty reduction in developing countries. He argues that poverty among low-income earners in different countries can be reduced by involving individuals in economic activities that enable them to supplement their income. Involving individuals in economic activities is a profitable and sustainable strategy. The report further highlights some of the sectors that can provide low-income earners with additional income and how individuals should participate in different economic activities. The report gives insights on how multinational companies can establish businesses in developing countries as a way of reducing poverty. For example, the establishment of businesses that deal with soap and detergents in India, which is among countries with the highest
123 Winner’s Road New empire Town, PA 12345 John Shaky 1234, Inn Lane Fun city, IN 12345 Dear Mr. Shaky: As part of my responsibilities at the inn, I have taken time to inspect the inn’s building and its compound. The U.S. Department of labor (2009) states, “ managers must have a good knowledge of the hotel operations, including safety and security measures, repair and maintenance, and personell practice (p. 2009). I would like to bring to your attention a number of safety concerns based on my observations. The inn’s kitchen roof has an advanced degree of charring around the exhaust vent, with the tarpaper roof pulled up at a corner. Birds that have made nests on it, and there are branches resting on it. Trees have grown untended, to the extent that they may cause power lines to entangle. Their roots have grown dangerously close to water pipes. Cracks have formed on the building’s foundation, which is aggravated by a puddle of water pushing against the wall. I have observed that the windows have gaps between them and the window frames. The dining hall manager confirmed that negligence has been part of the inn’s management philosophy. The poor state of maintenance exposes the inn to several risks. Fire may occur if there is entanglement of power lines by tree branches during strong winds. In addition, the inn will incur high repair and reconnection fees. This is because the utility provider expects clients to trim vegetation near power supply lines within their premises. The local authority will be justified to condemn the building if the foundation deteriorates any further. The authority may also take issue with the roofs, which can cave in at any moment. The entire framework of the roof continues to weaken due to exposure to the elements. The presence of birds on it risks attracting snakes and other predators, which may end up inside the inn. The overgrown roots threaten to destroy water pipes while the puddle sitting against the foundation not only weakens the foundation further, but also provides a breeding ground for pests and parasites. The Inn is currently spending a lot of money on energy because our air conditioning works through out. This is as a result of the spaces between the windows and the walls. This state of disrepair and poor maintenance exposes us to litigation by our clients should any accident occur at the inn. O’Fallon and Rutherford (2010) warned that, “The primary legal dangers in both housekeeping and maintenance are related to negligence and involve lack of inspection and repair” (p. 209). Based on the above, I would like to propose, as an emergency measure, that we urgently cut down unnecessary trees and trim the rest. This will not cost much yet it will secure the inn’s power and water supply while mitigating the safety risks and high repair costs the inn would incur in case of an accident. Secondly, within the next one month, there is need to drain the puddle and repair the foundation to ensure that the structural integrity of the building remains sound. In addition, the inn needs to prepare plans to repair the windows and t
The Differences in Legal Capacities of the States and the IGOs The differences in the legal capacities of the states and the IGOs may be explained based on the following points:   * As stated in the Reparations for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations case of 1949, the organization has “a large measure of international personality and the capacity to operate upon an international plane, although it is certainly not a Super-state” (International Court of Justice 8).   * The legal capacity of the IGOs permits them to initiate lawsuits, organize and sign treaties, and interact with the other international actors.   * The legal personality of IGOs is conferred by the constituting treaty meaning that the rights and duties of different IGOs are versatile and determined by their initial actions, specific functions, and narrow purposes.   * At the same time, the rights and duties of those states as international actors are recognized as automatically equal. In other words, comparing states as the international actors and the IGOs it is crucial to mention that even though both parties are recognized to possess an international legal personality and are rightful to interact with the other international actors, the states are considered primary actors whereas the IGOs are defined as secondary. That way, the states’ scope of legal capacities is much wider than that of an IGO since the organizations are limited by their primary functions and purposes outlined in their initial documents. As a result, engaging in actions that are not covered by the initial agreement of an organization loses the right to be represented in court on the matters concerning this scope of actions as it does not match its major sphere of activities. Immunities of the States As international actors, all states are recognized as equal under the principle formulated as “par in parem imperium non habet”. As a result, the domestic courts of individual states do not have a right to adjudicate on another state. This legislation falls under the rule known as the immunity from foreign courts’ jurisdiction that assumes two major points:   * A domestic court of one state does not possess the right to adjudge a foreign state.   * A domestic state cannot be adjudicated by a court of a foreign state. Besides, in case if the legislation was violated and a foreign court made an attempt to adjudge a foreign state, the only appearance in the court is to be made for a purpose to refuse the unlawful jurisdiction. Two main factors indicate a proceeding before the court against a foreign state is being instituted:   * First of all, a foreign state is to be named as one of the parties of this particular proceeding before the court.   * Secondly, the given proceeding affects the rights, properties, actions, or interests of a foreign state. In a case of such proceed
Introduction Organisations require human resources with different expertise, talents and experiences to develop an orchestrate team; globalization has facilitated movement of labour across borders to the benefit of firms (Berger & Berger, 2003). To benefit from free movement of labour, firms need to implement human resources management policies that can nature, develop and effectively tap human talents. The article by Burbach & Royle, 2010, called Talent on Demand , discusses how talents can be managed within multinational companies. This paper discusses the main points brought about by the article. Talent management “Talent management as a corporate area of focus has been building steadily” (Burbach & Royle, 2010). Talent management can be defined as a complex human resources management process where the human resources team develop measures and policies that facilitated in tapping human beings intellectual property. Globalisation has increased competition in modern business to a notch higher, companies need to improve their processes and products as well as innovate better processes and products. This can be done through the utilization of intellectualism and talents that a company has. Talent is seen as method of developing competitiveness within an organisation with an edge that other companies may not reach (Berger & Berger, 2003). As much as talent management is a role played by human resources departments, it calls for collaboration of top and line managers to establish, develop and tap their human resources talents. On page 418, Burbach & Royle are of the opinion that talent development is influenced by cultural and societal dissimilarities that human resources operate in, they discuss the differences in talent management approach in Germany and Ireland. To manage effectively talents, an organisation should start by understanding the current strategies and processes and how they support talent management, with the understanding, they will be able to tap talents from entry level, nature, develop and retain them to the benefit of the organisation. When a talent has been developed, there should be effective pa