ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Thesis Statement Many scholarly observations have been made by various scholars regarding macroeconomic exploitation and capitalism with regards to labor. Among such scholars is Karl Marx who, in spite of many criticisms, has been able to have an enormous impact on the world of economic with his theoretical assertions on various issues. However, in this paper, major concentration is going be to on Marx’s theory on exploitation in regards to labor and its impact on economy, capitalism and labor. Sub-Thesis In essence, doing a critical analysis on Marx’s theory on exploitation is not only important in giving us in-depth information into Marx’s ideologies but it is also vital in helping us reduce the devastating effects of market exploitation. According to Marx exploitation theory, the diversifications and intricacies of the need to amass economic power has led to a situation whereby some individuals or personalities take advantage of the labor/effort of other people and benefit from it thus continually gaining more economic power while the exploited individuals continue to languish in abject powerlessness and poverty (Marx 70-74). Critical Evaluation of Marx’s theory on exploitation Karl Marx’s theory acknowledges the fundamental role played by the labor—especially by the technicians and the supervisors, as well as that of ordinary workers (Best). Marx points out that emphasis should be made on the different superiority of individuals in terms of their physical and mental capabilities when it comes to labor issues. Moreover, he says that the rights of the workers, in regards to labor, tend to be unequal especially in communist societies. Therefore, such discriminations in labor should be duly considered. Marx, being a renowned economic analyst, extensively argues against economic injustice. He campaigns for an atmosphere that promotes an equal amount of labor for whatever product given. Unlike many socialists who do believe exploitation occurs in economic environments, Marx’s subjective value theory implies that “a transaction will only occur when both parties prefer the benefits of the exchange over the costs” (Best). A capitalist exploiting his/her power is normally reflected directly by the misfortune of the workers. To Marx, in any civilized society, there should be a variety of options to deal with any nature of problem unlike socialists who feels one is entirely at the mercy of the power of the state (Marx 75-77). To support this, Marx states most studies indicate that a free economy offers freedom for creativity and innovation thus creating better chances for economic progress and productivity when compared to centralized economies. Psychologically, it has also been proven that exploitation has emotional effects on individuals. The so-called boss takes the overall charge and gives orders which eventually favor him/her to great deal. On the other hand, workers tend to be neglected with very little attention being paid to their needs. This is more-or-less similar to the vocalizations of Adam Smith’s argument that, in rigid centralized societies; citizens are exploited severally when foreigners
Introduction The video, what does my headscarf mean to you?, by Yassmin Abdel-Magied is a candid, comical, and compassionate talk about perception, misconceptions, and reality behind the headscarf. Dismissing the unconscious bias that drives perceptions of others on the garment, Yassmin states that headscarf is a cultural identity symbol. This paper will attempt to support the view by Yassmin that the headscarf is a form of cultural identity that is misconceived by those who do not understand its symbolic meaning. What Does My Headscarf Mean to You? Yassmin argues that the headscarf is a garment that expresses her cultural identity. Apparently, headgear is the proper and complete way of dressing for Muslim women. More importantly, the headscarf is a symbol of Muslim identity and tradition. According to Yassmin, headscarf should also be looked upon as a class symbol. Specifically, instead of looking at the headscarf as a garment that denotes class and status, Western viewpoints sometime ascribe to the garment a meaning that may not be felt by those who wear it. For instance, Yassmin highlights discussions showing the headscarf as a symbol of oppression as failing to look at it as a dress. Basically, these biased discussions delve into the family structure and individualism, which are not part of cultural identity (Abdel-Magied scene 3). Identity refers to an articulation of cultural, ethnic, gender, and sexual distinction. In other word, identity is ‘being’; it is formed by the current state that the individual is within at the moment and ‘becoming’; it is always defined by the process within which the individual is participating. As stated by Yassmin, the headscarf, as a symbol of cultural identity, is a moldable part of the self; a place in which the many things to which a person is exposed will provide a new dimension to the cultural beliefs. Identity, especially in terms of culture, is an important factor in acculturation through the symbolic headscarf. As noted by Yassmin, Muslim women have to choose whether to take on an identity that is not originally their own or having to adopt another culture. During acculturation, Yassmin describes these positions the subject of cultural identity must take. The second significance of the headscarf is described by Yassmin as an important part of the identity of a Muslim woman. Western thinking tends to consider this a sort of oppression, but for the Muslim woman, this is not an oppressiv
This paper is aimed at analyzing interactive installation created by Adobe Corporation (2007). In particular, it is necessary to discuss the poetics of this piece and the principles which govern this artwork. Secondly, this essay will explain the embodiment of affordances in this interactive design. Finally, one has to describe the effects produced by these artistic elements and especially the experiences that they create for the user. Overall, contemporary media has such distinctive features as dynamism, interactivity, and, variance (Manovich 2002). To some extent, each of them is present in the artwork that is going to be analyzed. On the whole, the interactive installation presented by Adobe is a dynamic work of art. It is a form of painting or animation that changes in response to the person’s movements. Those people, who come in front of the screen, can see the images which emerge provided that the user moves in any direction. At first, we need to examine the poetics of this media piece. In this case, the term poetics refers to the principles on which this interactive installation relies. First of all, one can speak about the principles identified by Lev Manovich, namely variability or dynamism and automation (Manovich 2002, p. 36). The main peculiarity of this artwork is that it is dynamic rather than static. The images which appear on the screen are the direct result of the users’ action. This is one of the things which make this installation attractive to the users. The second important principle is automation. Various images presented in this media piece can be created and modified automatically. The high degree of automation means that the user does not have to put much effort to create these artistic images. Such a form of media is supposed to make a person’s experiences more enjoyable. It is also important for us to speak about the structure of this media piece. One can identify such elements 1) the environment in which it is located, 2) interactive interface and 3) the user. Such a structure creates unique experiences for the person. He/she feels involved in the creation of art. Those people, who come near the screen, act as though they were artists, who paint beautiful pictures. Secondly, the location is also of great importance to this media piece. It is
As depicted in the book, the Alex Kotlowitz describes the living conditions of the poor people in Chicago city as substandard for human survival. This can be explained by the several instances in which he puts the main characters in the story, LaJoe River and her two sons, Pharaoh River and Lafeyette River. These instances justify the title of the book as indicated below. The author also says that, the mortality rate was in Chicago city in the 1950s was lower than the rate at which new born babies were dying (Alex, 1992, p.12). He continues to say that children were exposed to insecurities and that there was no trust among people not to mention one’s neighbors. He depicts Lafeyette to act acted like an adult all through his life. He was bossy when around his siblings and h
Pubic policies are very essential in resolving public issues and controversies. The process of creating public policy is very sensitive and requires proper leadership for viable and practical decisions that are beneficial to the public to be made. The quality of public policies made depends entirely on the leadership traits possessed by those in charge of the public policy making process (Gerston, 2010). Lack of leadership traits essential for making sound public policies can be very detrimental to the general development and running of a country. Since pubic policy making process is a team effort by a group of leaders, it is necessary for these leaders to have the basic qualities that a policy maker needs to possess. This paper will highlight some of the leadership qualities required in public policy making process and finally look at examples of leaders with excellent records in creating viable and practical pubic policies. To begin with, a public policy leader must embrace teamwork since public policy making is a team effort (Koch, 2007). The people being selected to create public policies must have relevant information and expertise concerning a respective policy. This will enable the policy makers to gather relevant information and apply their expertise in developing quality policies that would be beneficial to the public (Koch, 2007). Although public making policy should include the public and other stakeholders, those leading the process should be experts who have experience in matters concerning the policy at hand. An example of this is when leaders with experience in the armed forces are selected to be in charge of formulating military policies. A public policy leader should have a high sense of integrity with a selfless attitude. Integrity and selflessness ensures that the policies formulated are for the benefit of the public and not selfish personal interests of leaders or other specific stakeholders (Anderson, 2010). Those in charge of the public policy making process should be widely travelled which enables them to formulate quality policies based on their experiences in foreign countries. Comparing a variety of examples enables public policy makers to come up with more informed decisions. All leaders make decisions at some point in their duties and this is no exemption public policy making leaders. Policy making leaders should be decisive because the final decision lies with them after extensive consultation. There are many renowned leaders across the world that are credited with leading the process of formulating public policies that turned out to be beneficial for their countries (Anderson, 2010). Al Gore is an example of those leaders who are regarded as being instrumental in bringing quality, modern and practical industrial policies in the United States of America when he was the vice president under the Clinton regime. Al Gore is known to see public policy formulation is a way of responding to changing societal need s and a demonstrat
The appropriate and stable functioning of the healthcare sector is one of the major factors impacting the development of the nation and its future. Today there are multiple attempts to improve the functioning of the healthcare sector and ensure that all people have equal access to services vital for their well-being. Unfortunately, there are still disparities and the absence of equity in the U.S. healthcare system. The inability to acquire the demanded care is one of the most common problems for low-income communities. It means there is a need for intervention that will help to alter the situation and create a fair and equal system providing similar opportunities for all citizens. The need for intervention and improvement is justified by the current state of the healthcare sector and the problems it faces. First of all, there is a shortage in the size of the physician workforce, meaning that in the future, the whole system might experience multiple problems because of the insufficient supply of trained specialists and the inability to provide demanded services (Cooper, 2016). Another significant problem is the absence of equity in the distribution of medical services and treatment. People representing low-income communities face multiple problems when trying to get certain care (Cooper, 2016). Under these conditions, the two major problems that should be resolved are the need for trained specialists and the improvement of access to care. The problem of future shortages can be resolved by altering the attitude of young people to the healthcare sector and jobs in it. In the past, being a doctor was a privileged position associated with stable income and specific status in society (Cooper, 2016). Today, there is a radical change in the youth’s representations of health workers. The sphere is not viewed as an attractive one because of the complexity of learning, high responsibility, high tuition costs, and low salaries (Cooper, 2016). For this reason, to avoid shortages in the number of physicians, it is vital to accept the policies aimed at promoting the health worker’s image, its improvement, and young people’s encouragement to enroll in colleges preparing would-be specialists in this sphere. The income of new specialists will also help to improve the accessibility and affordability of care. Another problem demanding immediate resolution is the existence of multiple healthcare challenges among minorities. The recent research shows that healthcare spending is linked not only to individual income but also to communal wealth (Cooper, 2016). The demand for healthcare services is the greatest among the poorest states, meaning that they cannot devote a sufficient amount of resources to this aspect and suffer from the gradual deterioration of outcomes (Cooper, 2016). In such a way, there is a direct correlation between the quality of provided care and the state of communities, their de
Introduction Education should be a right not a privilege. This argument stems from a basic understanding of a right. If something is a right, then its removal should cause negative consequences. However, if people treat it as a privilege, then its negation should cause neutral repercussions. The removal of education can cause severe consequences, so this illustrates that education ought to be a right. Arguments The United Nations recognizes education as a basic right as outlined in its charter. It argues that every child is entitled to free basic or fundamental education in Article 26. Many believe that this will contribute towards the betterment of society. Education is required to foster societal development; if it is made into a privilege, then societies will not prosper. Such an approach will undermine economic, social and political development in the nation. Education is an avenue for teaching young people about the importance of discipline, respect for authority and rules. These things can be taught easily when education is a right. However, if it is a privilege, then the prerogative will be on parents and guardians, yet some of them may not do this very well. Education also facilitates the detection of dangerous situations like abuse and neglect in homes. It is imperative to make schooling a right in order to address these concerns. Making education a right would cause adults to invest in their future professionals. Members of society require the services of doctors, lawyers, mechanics, and electricians. When schooling is a right, society would contribute towards the creation of such important members of society, so it should be treated as such. Lastly, education creates an intelligent society that is highly democratic. In fact, former dictators (like Hitler) have tried to undermine education so as to oppress their followers. If education is turned into a privilege, then the democratic principles that this country boasts about would be severely undermined. Impact of rights on education Students’ rights play a tremendous role in education because it is their needs that ought to be protected through schooling. Concerns about their ability to control or safeguard their lives have caused most stakeholders to advocate for compulsory schooling. Family rights also come into play because some households lack the financial capability of paying for their children’s education. This means that an external structure ought to come into place in order to safeguard their rights. Lastly, societal rights contribute to education because one must consider the developmental and social needs of society. These can only be accommodated if all of society has access to at least a basic form of schooling. The role of choice Choice should come into play when free education starts to become ineffective or when parents need to safeguard their children against the pitfalls of the public system. Sometimes making education a right can lead to reso
Introduction Airline privatization in Kuwait has been a topic of discussion for several years now, with the national carrier being at the center of the discussion. The state-owned carrier has had prospects of transfer from government ownership to private ownership, with this strategy set to take place shortly. Airline privatization involves the transfer of ownership of a state-owned airline company from the public sector to the private sector (Cirafici 2001, p. 56). The transfer of any function of a business previously owned by the government to the control of the private sector can accurately be defined as privatization. Provisions in the laws of the country are involved as to how this should take place. Some of the other terms that privatization has been associated with include buyouts and demutualization. A buyout is a form of privatization where an individual or a private company holding majority shares in a public corporation possesses the shares of the government (Castel 2011, p. 755). There are many reasons why the public sector may decide to privatize air transport in a country. Air transport is a significant part of global business linking millions of people every year and contributing to the moving of goods (Cirafici 2001, p. 56). With the competition that has emerged in the industry, there is a need to ensure that the respective air transport companies in a country can remain relevant and contribute to the improved welfare of the population. This essay looks at the privatization plans of Kuwait Airways and tries to discuss factors such as competition, economic efficiency, trade, globalization, and other factors emerging from such a move. Historical Background The formation of Kuwait Airways took shape in late 1954, at a time when the nation was enjoying a period of relative prosperity. The company was privately formed, with the government only buying 50% of the shares in the second year after its existence due to the economic hardships that it experienced the same year (CIA: The World Factbook: Kuwait 2011). The move to buy half the company by the government meant that there was increased funding that was enough to increase the capital and improve profitability. The government later bought the remaining share of the company to fully own it (Cirafici 2001, p. 56). Some of the destinations that were being served at the time include Jerusalem, Beirut, and Damascus. The period following 1960 saw the rapid expansion of the airline, with investments in jet technology and increased passenger transport as well as cargo. The airline also underwent a massive expansion in the routes that it served, with scheduled flights to London beginning in the year 1960 (Cirafici 2001, p. 56). The 70s saw the expansion allow the airline to reach the Far East and west, contributing and gaining from the global trade. Some of the significant lows that th
After reading Darling-Hammond’s chapter one and watching Mr. Holland’s Opus, there are many questions that stuck in my mind. In the past, America was number one in education rank and today it is falling behind many countries. America did not reach the top because other countries had lack of education but because they had experts who could see the future. Where are they today? Can the experts build a platform for youth to express themselves by providing education policy that prepare students for the future? In all education systems, we need to emphasize on the usability of the skills in real life. The public schools perform poorly compared to private schools because the educators are not concerned about the child’s understanding of the subject. This is due to the fact that there are very few teachers in public schools hence the teachers are overwhelmed by the growing number of learners that they are assigned, and that’s why they just teach for the sake of performing their tasks. This failure by public schools is reflected on the grades that the learners achieve. According to Darling-Hammond (2010), in private schools there are many teachers that are able to attend to individual needs of every child. By handling the learners differently the teachers are able to identify the weaknesses of these children and hence they take measures that boost the child’s understanding. In America people come from different cultures and since English is the official language there are so many people who can barely construct a sentence in this language. This language barrier becomes a big problem in learning institutions because it hinders the learning process since a learner cannot grasp anything unless he/she understands the language used in teaching. Some schools especially private schools incorporate lessons that are taught in vernacular languages to boost learners understanding. The US needs to accommodate different cultures and abilities by increasing the number of inclusive classrooms in learning institutions. Most critics argue that the quality of education in the US is so poor because the schools are not strict about the requirements necessary for admission hence there are so many people who posses degrees but they are not of any help to them because the skills that they were taught in school can not be applied in real life situations. This is why many people rely on employment because from the initial stages of learning they were made to believe that success in career can only be achieved through employment. The developed countries have revised their curriculums to incorporate courses that can help the learners to start their own businesses. Additionally, the educators in the US are conservative because they still use the old modes of teaching, unlike their counterparts in developing countries who are trained on regular basis on the emerging trends in education. In Mr. Holland’s Opus, the training that the teachers re