ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Australian Communications and Media Authority (2012) has the right to control Australian mass media. Speaking about mass media, the Internet, mobile phone content, TV, and radio are considered. Australia, like many other countries in the world, has faced the problem of the information spread and the problem of the need of the information filtering. The problem of censorship has been discussed for several years and now it seems that the problem has become urgent. The Australian Communications and Media Authority has the right to create a black-list for the websites which are considered as those which violate human rights. Moreover, the Australian Communications and Media Authority is responsible for plans on TV and radio channels (The Australian Communications and Media Authority 2012). Having raised the problem of censorship, the Australian Communications and Media Authority has to decide whether to create a specific action for forbidding a group of programs and information leakage or to allow people watch whatever they want. The problem became urgent when a top-secret blacklist of banned websites has been leaked. The society began to discuss the problem more actively either supporting or rejecting the reaction (Moses 2009). The first part of the research is going to deal with the censorship in general. This part is going to include the analysis of the academic research and press articles devoted to the issue. Then, WikiLeaks is going to be compared with the porn and other similar sites which carry forbidden information. The discussion is going to focus on the problem of WikiLeaks and whether the Australian Communications and Media Authority (2012) acts correctly trying to censor some specific Internet sites or it is important to allow people to be able to get the information they need and whether the actions taken for censorship are correct and do not require additional improvement or other actions are to be taken. It is important to consider the opinion of people in relation to TV censorship and the Internet, whether there is a difference where the information should be censored or not. WikiLeaks is to be allowed for reading as people have the right to know the truth. Speaking about the information devoted to the war in Afghanistan, for example, people should know what has happened in order to have an opportunity to analyze the actions for drawing appropriate conclusions (Pilger 2010). Applying to authoritarian theory, I would like to research whether people support state control over the information they are to perceive or they would prefer to apply to the libertarianism or free press theory. Considering which of the applied theories is better for presentation, I would search for the answers which have been stated in the problem under discussion (Suresh 2003). The research should be based on the research explained in the academic art
The variety of societies in West Africa is significant, and it is hard to describe the history of all of its people by finding a few common traits and historical episodes. Nevertheless, it is vital that the influence of the great rivers, the abundance of gold, Islam, and European colonization have all contributed to the history of the region. One of the most prominent episodes in the history of West Africa is the golden age of Ancient Mali, a kingdom which was a source of inspiration for the nations which emerged as a result of the decolonization process. The author of “An Epic of Old Mali” describes rich cultural traditions preserved by griots. They represent the structure of the Malinke society, the role of kings, sorcerers, Islam, and tributary relationships 1 . The economy of the prosperous ancient state that was based on trade and gold exports, and its culture allow for a more comprehensive understanding of both the continent’s past and future. One of the examples of the advantages that the geography of West Africa provides is the story of the establishment and the development of the Mali Empire. The vast territories which its rulers controlled included completely different terrains, people, and cultures. The enormous deposits of gold became one of the main fa
Research is an essential process for every business that needs to understand its performance, identify existing needs, and maximize profits. In turn, marketing research gathers information regarding the market, which is of significance for a business. That is why organizations typically invest much time and effort to cope with these tasks. There are multiple research techniques and strategies of market research, and the choice of a particular option affects the validity of research results. The case of Care Sanitaryware Limited is an example of how a business can deal with market research while planning to enter a new market with Cerenity, a toilet seat sanitizer. Thus, the paper will provide an in-depth analysis of the case study, appraise the issues and problems present, and propose suitable recommendations to overcome them. Case Analysis In the beginning, it is reasonable to introduce the specific information that Cera Sanitaryware Limited wanted to obtain via research. Since Cerenity is a new product in the market, the business was required to investigate how consumers would perceive it. This information should be obtained prior to product launch since it can predict whether the sanitizer would be requested among the target audience. For that purpose, Cera Sanitaryware Limited conducted complex research involving the work with primary data. It was complex because the organization hired students of the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA); it was cheaper than hiring a professional market research firm. Irrespective of this fact, the students followed a comprehensive approach to study the problem, and the following paragraphs will comment on the research process. Firstly, the research team conducted two stages to deal with the tasks. The first stage comprised qualitative methods, including focus groups, in-depth interviews, and observation, to obtain consumer insights regarding the product under investigation. The qualitative methods are suitable because they imply that individuals represent group preferences and opinions (Rahi, 2017). Focus groups are requested since they represent a part of the market, and their answers reveal the bigger picture. Interviews are considered the most insightful technique since it helps researchers obtain valid and reliable data, while personal contact denotes that interviewers can spot some hidden meaning in interviewees’ answers (Saunders et al., 2019). Finally, observation enriches data because it allows for identifying how customers interact with a product when no external forces affect them (Saunders et al., 2019). The second stage involved quantitative analyses to determine what specific factors could affect consumer purchasing behavior. Rahi (2017) admits that a quantitative method is appropriate since it objectively measures phenomena disregarding personal feelings, emotions, and attitudes to the issue. This description demonstrates that the research team chose suitable methodological principles to analyze the required information. Secondly, it is wor
Introduction As it is known from the English language grammar, the English verb possesses the largest number of characteristics including tense, aspect, number, voice, mood, person; it can be continuous and non-continuous etc. Thus, one can see that the careful study of the grammatical forms of verbs is essentially important to avoid misunderstanding or grammar mistakes that one can face while operating with verbs and making particular transformations with them. It is surely hard to study all grammatical implications of verb usage in English, and every researcher has to take into consideration all peculiarities of the verb if he or she wants their speech to sound and look correct. It is true that the verb is the main meaningful part of speech in English, so the wrong usage thereof may prevent the speaker from expressing the idea clearly and being understood. One of the important characteristics of the verb that needs to be understood and studied well is the voice of the verb. There are two voices – active and passive, and there is still much debate over whether they can be equally used or there is still a need to preferably use active voice as compared to the passive voice that has to be avoided. Some researchers of English grammar even state that the frequent use of passive voice forms is considered a grammar mistake. But there is still a question in such a case what the passive voice construction is actually needed for if it is wrong to use it. Thus, one should come to a conclusion that passive voice constructions are also highly necessary, but there are some peculiarities of their use that have to be remembered. Characteristics and Formation of Passive Voice The passive voi
Project Planning Conception It is worth noting that the advancement in audio recording has made a relatively good step towards informing people on various themes and topics (Ferguson 2007). This audio recording depicted the role played by the managers or leaders in the organization toward business excellence. The following audio covered the topic through an interview conducted to source the role played by business training institutes. It is the quest for good leadership that people have got admission to various institutions for both excellence in the future as well as promotion in the workplace. Technical choices As a producer, you need to consider the format you deliver the audio recording resource because some players fail to decode some file formats. Therefore, this audio recording resource was supposed to a MPEG Audio Layer III version (Mp3) format encoded at 192 kbps (Moore 2011). Additional information to this audio resource was the size of the file which was 3.69 Megabytes. As a result, the produced Mp3 was playable in most portable devices such as Mp3 players, smartphones, audio players, and computers (Vogel & Morgan 2009). The information, therefore, was ready to be presented using my personal computer during the presentation. Reference materials The message contained in this audio recording resource is very clear and it requires the attention of the audience to learn various factors contributing to business excellence. Therefore, depending on the preferences of the audience it could be something worth listening to without requiring any visual aid (Davis & Jones 1990). Nevertheless, some additional information was necessary for facilitating smooth recording. The information on audio recording was present in various publications and web pages. Stock Material Sources Among the sources and references used in this project were publications on how to record and produce audio resources (Huber 1995). However, in the script, only the direct conversation was included with no outside reference. This was meant to facilitate smooth recording activity as well as communicating the message. As a result, references in the scripts are omitted intentionally but in-text and referencing are applied in other parts (Jones 2003). Script   * TITLE: Leadership Excellence in Business Management.   * TRT: 2 min. 40 sec. Introduction Most of the businesses and corporations globally have cited good leadership and the ability to offer managerial skills as a paramount achievement to business success. As result, these corporations opt to employ managers with adequate training in the field of study. The following audio record resource captured an interview to elaborate on this topic in better detail. Package: Leadership Excellence in Business Management Welcome to our talk today … (Clapping and theme song fades)… Presenter: So how do you think KIM will come up with training that will make people who are going to resourceful in the country? Mary: aaahm! I would say that
Extremism and terrorism in any form of its manifestations have become one of the most dangerous problems humanity has entered the twenty-first century. Terrorism poses a real threat to the country’s national security: kidnapping, hostage-taking, cases of aircraft hijacking, bomb explosions, acts of violence in ethnic and religious conflicts, direct threats to their realization. Operation Neptune’s Spear ended with eliminating Osama bin Laden, leader of the terrorist organization Al Qaeda. The Navy SEAL raid on the mansion in the Pakistani town of Abbottabad is generally considered a model operation, but some aspects of it still raise questions to this day. The violent death of Osama bin Laden remains the subject of much debate in the United States. Every day, more details emerge about Operation Neptune’s Spear, which killed the ringleader of al-Qaeda; officials explain why he was dead and not captured alive. Some members of Congress question the legality of the American special forces. However, what happened was legal because it complied with U.S. law, international law and is considered a legitimate act of self-defense. Creating order in social relations, giving them a specific direction becomes possible due to the impact on the life of society and social processes of the system of legislation. Systematicity and hierarchy are the most critical conditions for evaluating the regulatory effect of normative legal acts. Assassination is not prohibited in Executive Order 12333: it was a military action in the current armed conflict of the U.S. with al-Qaeda, and killing specific leaders of enemy forces is not prohibited (Bowcott, 2011). The Obama administration justified the use of power based on this resolution as well as on international law. Legislation is most appropriate for the expression of law today. It is borne out because a unified system of statutes is now used as the primary source of direction in most developed nations. Operation Neptune does not contradict the legislation of the country, which confirms the fact of its legality and legitimacy. The international approval of the liquidation of “terrorist number one” Osama bin Laden by U.S. special forces highlights the contradiction between the norms of international law and the state laws of the leading countries. It is necessary to delve deeper into the content to get to the bottom of this issue. Customary international humanitarian law streamlines most of the rules applicable in international and non-international armed conflicts. Even parties to the conflict who have not signed international agreements are obliged to follow it. The international law of armed conflict allows a foreign government to conduct a military operation on the territory of another country if that country itself is unable and unwilling to deal with the problem (Green, 2018). Thus, the application of humanitarian law does not depend on applying formal legal procedures for the declaration of war or recognizing a state of war by any of the cond
Abstract This research paper establishes that the problem of substance abuse in the female sex is increasing in most parts of the world. The trend is worrying. Some of the policy changes discussed include the use of specialized care providers, provision of care in the society, and the establishment of more women-specific rehabilitation centers. Issues concerning the course and nature of substance abuse, addiction, recovery, and relapse among this population of female substance abusers have also been discussed. Various evidence-based approaches to treating substance abuse and addiction in various settings in the selected target population will be tackled in the research paper. The context of a changing health care environment for women substance abusers will also be highlighted. Important therapies such as the nontraditional approaches of motivational therapy, solution-focused brief, and group therapies will take the center stage. SFGT emerges a futuristic treatment modality for women with substance abuse problems. Introduction Women are a special population of drug abusers. They provide a challenge to any group or individuals who are working towards their treatment. Like many states in the US, the state of Florida is one of the most affected with the problem of drug abuse among women. The impacts of substance abuse are relatively similar to those in the male population. However, this group of substance abusers also faces special challenges. Therefore, it is important to examine the impact of substance abuse on this population and its recovery at an individual (micro) and systems (macro) level. This research paper looks at substance abuse in women, evidence-based approaches to the provision of treatment services for them, and any historical and current policy issues that may have prevented or supported treatment-service delivery to this client group. Relevant Policy Issues Policies addressing the treatment of substance abuse in women with substance abuse problem have been developed from many research findings.
Even though African American women are among the most highly-educated populations in the United States, there is a lack of support for their potential to attain leadership positions in organizations, including the government sector. It is essential to analyze the available programs and organizations that have been aiming to address the issue. Such programs include Polished Pebbles and Teach a Girl to Lead while the Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP) while White House Council on Women and Girl leadership are the organizations are the agencies that deal with helping the target group of women to become successful leaders. Polished Pebbles is an Illinois Gold Star-rated program of mentorship based in Chicago, the aim of which is to increase the employability and communication skills of young women for them to be prepared for the future workplace. The organization has worked in several states with over four thousand African-American and Latina girls by offering more than five hundred mentors in more than a hundred schools (Polished Pebbles, 2020). The importance of the program lies in the special attention given to girls of color, who are statistically more likely to experience childhood trauma, sexual abuse, and trafficking, which may divert them from school and limit adulthood opportunities (YWCA, 2017). While Polished Pebbles does not set the goal to encourage African American women’s participation in governmental leadership roles, the organization has built partnerships with Blue Cross Blue Shield of Illinois, the University of Chicago, and iHeart Radio ComEd to provide mentors and professional relationships for women of color. The Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP) is a unit of the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey (CAWP, 2020). It has been recognized nationally as the primary source of academic studies regarding women’s leadership and involvement in US politics. The mission of the organization is to enable a more in-depth understanding of women’s roles in the political sphere, increase their influence on public life, as well as broaden the diversity of women in governmental leadership roles. The programs initiated by the organization have been essential in promoting diverse women’s experiences and education in leadership positions through intersectional, practical, and imaginative approaches (CAWP, 2020). The organization is important for helping African American women gain more opportunities to hold leadership positio
Textbooks The issue of using textbooks in a traditional Montessori class has been an on going controversy for several decades. A study done by Caldwell (2007) showed that a good number of Montessori-oriented schools supplement their education with textbooks. By interviewing many parents and teachers, this author revealed that there is a hidden fear in both parties about meeting the standards of education if no textbooks are used. Indeed, in this particular study, Caldwell (2007) noticed that textbooks are used in Montessori schools not only to please parents but also to provide the reassurance needed regarding the quality of their children’s education. The debate over the use of textbooks in an authentic Montessori class can be analyzed in depth by delineating three other issues, namely customer satisfaction, competition, and age. To start with the first issue, it is important to note that customer satisfaction is a fundamental ingredient to the success of a program. In a world characterized by intense competition and ever present challenges, it is only common sense to keep clients happy and satisfied as a means to motivate them towards your product offerings. Beyond any reasonable doubt, it is prominent that parents always wish to see what their children accomplished for the day. Parents may never feel happy and satisfied if their children are only let to do the so called “jobs” and at the time of their pick the teacher has nothing to prove what the children have accomplished for the day. Consequently, even if Montessori teachers do not agree with the practice of using textbooks, they have a duty to please and satisfy parents by falling back to the textbooks as their only rescue. The second issue revolves around competition with other schools. Due to intense competition from private schools and employment of different methods of teaching, Montessori teachers are compelled to supplement the program with textbooks. In her study, Caldwell (2007) did not discourage the use of text books in Montessori classrooms but emphasized that such use should be consistent and done in a prepared environment to be acceptable, and should also be limited in scope to secondary sources to memorize data. In order to consider the textbook as a legitimate source for learning, therefore, it should have the potential for self- correction. Age is also an important factor to consider when using textbooks in a Montessori class. When the value of authentic Montessori learning in young children ages 3 to 6 is taken into consideration, it is absolutely clear that there is no place for textbooks. Children in this age category learn best in their own phase and teachers have the capability to control each phase of the curriculum to suit the needs of every child. In conclusion to this summary about textbooks, Montessori (1972) stated: A child in his earliest years, when he is only two or a little more, is capable of tremendous achievements simply through his unconscious power of absorption, through he is himself still immobile. A