ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
To begin with, the research is the process of disclosing critical information for personal and everyday use in the future that may help people make their lives more qualitative, happier, or full of sense. From the worldview perspective, there are three general methods of research approaches in the scientific practice. First, which is the most common for natural sciences and related to concretely measured results, is the quantitative approach to the research process. This research refers to quantity represented in every stage of the process by statistical numeric data, geometrical graphs, and formulas (Daniels, 2019). While the primary method of quantitative research is to provide a specific opinion or fact, numerical data plays a pivotal role during the whole process, as the evidence or theory should base on concrete facts. On the other hand, qualitative research represents the conception-included overall result by using all the materials, except numerical, so that media materials, literature, and conceptualized images. As a result of the efficiency of such experiments, many countries and groups are now benefiting from applying the modern mixed-way analysis, which enables a person to combine all the learned material, and this is not important whether it is a part of qualitative or quantitative analysis. For instance, in Hughes’s (2020) research, a mixed-method was used due to the presence of data about the relation to the specific social group and the tendency analysis from the numerical point of view. Independent variables are the numbers of people in each group; dependent numbers are the ratios that result from a comparison between each social development group. The mediating variable is a gender and disease presence or absence, which relates a person to a different group (LGBTQX males are gay, LGBTQ females are lesbian. Moderating variable, in this case, is the level of gender determination and wish to become LBTQX.
The outbreak of World War II was marked by the frequent defeat of the Allies not only on land but also in water. In the Pacific, where the struggle against the Japanese was waged, the enemy dominated. Its lightning-fast offensive operations were dangerous, and the situation was complicated by the fact that small allied forces were concentrated in the east since the main struggle was conducted in Europe. However, subsequently, the Allies managed to turn the tide of the war and free the territories occupied by the Japanese, and aviation was one of the main resources. The power of the bombing became the driving force of the Pacific War, in which the battles for individual islands and military bases were largely dependent on air attacks. In this work, the examples of air power will be described during the Allied military operations against the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. Decisions on the use of aviation will be reviewed and analyzed in battles in the Coral Sea, Solomon Islands, New Guinea, the Central Pacific, and Okinawa. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as the outcome of the hostilities, will be evaluated. After most of the US fleet was destroyed at the beginning of World War II at the Battle of Pearl Harbor, the focus on combat aircraft was made as to the only possible strike force. The Allied armies teamed up for massive attacks in the Pacific, and airstrikes became the main means of fighting the Japanese. According to Pearson (2015), in 1942, a massive battle took place in the Coral Sea, where airpower was used massively for the first time. Aircraft fire and bombing were from different angles, which was the beginning of counterattack actions. Japanese expansion halted, and it was one of the turning points (Stern, 2019). As Logel (2014) notes, the battle in the Coral Sea was the first when infantry did not meet, and the fighting was conducted only in the air. The Japanese army suffered serious losses, although its equipment allowed it to resist by shooting down enemy planes. Hodge (2015) states that the success of the Allies was achieved largely due to the unpreparedness of enemy troops for the massive bombing. Therefore, the importance of air power during this crucial period of the war was significant. After success in the Coral Sea, the Allied forces continued attacking the enemy from the air and drove it from the occupied territories. In 1943, the Solomon Islands were chosen as the target for further hostilities, where massive bombing continued (Pearson, 2015; Lardas, 2018). This object was strategically important for attacks because, as Newell (2015) notes, the Japanese deployed a
The Divergent is a fictitious story about a society that is divided into factions and a girl who does not fit in any of them. It was authored by an American writer, Veronica Roth, and is set in a dystopian society that originates from Northern America. Published in 2012, the novel was adapted into a film with a similar title in 2014. The book has since received a positive critical reception from critics because of its plot and action. Divergent Novel versus Film A movie adapted from a book may be significantly different from each other in the plot and execution. With a film, the things they can do one is limited, unlike in a book where the content is almost limitless. By reading a novel, you can know the author’s thoughts and reasoning that leads to the actions therein. The Divergent contains aspects different from those that are seen in the movie. For instance, the overall pace of the narrative account, violence, actions, and suspense are different between the novel and film. Most stories feature a violent character who is often the villain and is overcome by the protagonist. Transferring this violence from the book to a movie is very difficult and at the end several aspects are omitted. In the novel, Peter is depicted as very violent and always trying to dominate everyone. He also dislikes Tris, the protagonist or main character in the book. He feels that she is fragile and pathetic and should be subjected to suffering (Roth, 2011). However, in the movie, Peter is not as violent as depicted in the book. Instead, he portrays a sense of humor in the story, which represents him as a relatable character. Another major difference between the book and the film is the pace of the narrative account. In the novel, the main character (Tris) experiences hardships and beatings from other people like Peter. She admitted in the hospital repeatedly but struggles for a long time in the book than in the movie. Further, in the film, Tris does not experience intense beatings and even heals faster than in the novel. Understandably, the movie moves much quicker to reduce the possibility of boredom among viewers. Major Themes Identity and Choice Divergent is a novel about choosing one’s personality and identity. Since a majority of the characters in this book are teenagers, they are trying to establish self-identity, their character, and social or peer group. Roth comes up with many crucial questions that dwell on identity: “how do we choose an identity? What are some of the merits of choosing the identity of someone else? And what are the effects of changing identiti
The modern world is full of innovations and new ideas. The sphere of education is not an exception. There are a lot of new methodologies which aimed to make students interested in the subject, that provides more productive work in the class and requires deeper knowledge in it. Group work is very productive as working in groups students remember the material better as communication is the best way to learn and consolidate achievements. There are several cooperative learning structures used in the class, which may be successfully provided at any stage of students’ learning. Structured Problem Solving is one of the group work methodologies. The main idea of the method is that the students are divided into groups of four. The statement is given by the teacher, which should be either supported or argued, but the arguments should be strong and persuasive. The discussion is held in groups, the students are free to express their ideas about the topic and to give persuasive arguments. One of the students (1, 2, 3, or 4) is chosen as the group spokesman, whose task is to handle the ideas of the whole group about the statement. Each person can be asked, so everybody is involved in the discussion process. In order not to repeat the ideas, not all groups are given an opportunity to say their words (Millis, 2009). The described methodology is very productive, in the way that students are given an opportunity to express their ideas about the issue, to listen to their classmates, and to argue if the ideas in the group are diametrically opposite. The truth is born in dispute, and such discussions activate students’ minds. Students think actively and do not just waste their time during classes. Group work helps students to become close what is also very important in the educational process. Group work should be provided in class with the purpose to let students express their ideas and give persuasive arguments in order to convince other classmates. The change of activities is very important in the class and the group work, as the discussion section, is the best substitution for reading or writing. People who are against group work usually represent such arguments, labor-intensive preparation to the lesson, the problems with students’ organization (behavior), the absence of constant contact of a teacher with students, when they are working in groups. Listening to such arguments, a lot of opposite ideas come to mind. What about teaching students to be independent? The constant fear to leave students alone is teachers’ fault, as they cannot teach them to think independently, without a teacher. Work in a group teaches students to be free from supervision and be able to make decisions of their own. Group work is one of the types of class activity which helps students to activate their minds and to discuss the questions with their classmates. Work in a group has a lot of advantages, but teachers should not abuse this type of learning as students get tired from the monotonous work, and the desire to study leaves them quickly.
Executive summary In my career as an accountant, I have encountered several challenges just because I am a woman. Irrespective of the fact that I have the academic and professional qualifications as well as the experience required for promotion in the company I work for, men have opposed my ideologies. I have worked in a company for ten years and have acquired wealth of experience required to handle management roles in my department. In addition, I have a studied a master’s degree in management and accounting professional courses. The chairman of the department I work for had to retire last year and the question was who should replace him. Obviously, the opposition was to be filled by an employee from the same department with experience and qualifications. It came to my surprise when the manager of the company nominated a male employee from another department to head the accounting department. I was angry with the manager and I felt discriminated against. The manager of the company is the final decision maker and whatever decisions he makes is final. To express my grievances, I had to confront the human resources manager of the company to explain why the managing director had to take a harsh decision against me. The human resources manager had to enquire from the managing director and the final answer was that women cannot be allowed to work at top management and leadership posts in the company. List of References Hall, E. T. and Hall, M. R. (1990). Understanding cultural differences. London, Intercultural press.
Edward Kennedy Ellington (Duke) was born in Washington, DC, in a prosperous middle-class family. He was a bandleader, composer, pianist, and arranger. Duke Ellington successfully played in different styles including orchestral jazz, swing, progressive big band, and jazz. Moreover, he wrote music for movies and musicals. Since 1927, Ellington’s orchestra began performing in one of the richest and most prestigious clubs of Harlem – Cotton Club (Gutman 15). For five years in the club, Ellington’s orchestra has evolved from a simple beginner orchestra in the leading jazz band in New York. It was a serious and very prestigious title. Duke Ellington applied in practice his own sound effects and adaptations for playing musical instruments. All this made an impression on the audience, and the orchestra of Ellington became famous. For example, holes of tubes or trombones were muted in order to produce a well-known wah-wah effect. Musicians were constantly experimenting; in particular, they created musical “words” from syllables hitting the audience with sound originality. Duke Ellington, who is called the father of the so-called jungle style, introduced it the first time. In the Cotton Club, he met the talented composer Will Marion Cook, who taught him a lot. The lessons sometimes take unexpected forms: for example, Ellington sang a song, and Cook suddenly stopped and commanded him: “And now in the opposite direction!” Later, these exercises gave results as Ellington extensively used them when writing songs. When there was the fashion for swing bands, Ellington’s orchestra began to play swing compositions and even entered the top ten swing bands. Ellington’s career has been full of discoveries. He created the style of the jungle and styles that appeal to the academic European musical forms – suites, rhapsodies, ballet, and opera. His original orchestral works have had a great impact on the development of an aesthetic culture of the 20th century. Every significant jazz orchestra experienced his impact directly or indirectly. Ellington has changed the role of the bass, tenor, and baritone in a big band. He was the first who used the human voice as an instrument and initiated Latin jazz creating «Caravan» composition. Ellington also wrote extensively for television and theatrical productions. His legacy is undoubtedly immense. The most precious in the Ellington legacy are hundreds of three-minute pieces, in which he appeared as a true master: «Black and Tan Fantasy», «Concerto for Cootie», «Main Stem», and plenty of others. Thirty-eight large works intended for concert performance, spiritual concerts, music for theatrical producti
Can writing really do justice to the experience of violence? The art and skill of writing can indeed be used to disseminate various messages and feelings to the target audience in a manner that elicits deep and yet critical thinking. This essay depicts an analysis of different newspaper articles which account for varying case studies. Each of the articles is being justified whether the writing used to convey the message really does justice to the experience of writing. Narrative analysis refers to the category of perspectives of different types of written texts in which there is a common way of disseminating the story (Cohen & Felson 1979). The construction of narrative analysis is not limited to community movements, corporate organizations, or the scientific world. It is also applicable to other fields of interest (Franzosi 1998). One qualifying factor for a story to possess a narrative analysis is the plot or flow of events and the consequence of the entire event. In the case of the newspaper’s articles analyzed above, the events have been carefully chosen, well arranged, interconnected and harmonized to make a sensible meaning to the target groups or the intended readership of the collection. In the analysis of the newspapers, one aspect of a narrative analysis that has to do with the captivating nature of the storyteller is evident (Denzin &Lincoln1986). Generally, narratives have a way of creating tales most of which attempt to define and possibly the expected ideal world. In the three newspaper articles (Fewster 2010, 1st April, Leys 2010, 2nd April and Wilkinson 2010, 3rd April), quite a number of typologies have been used. The most common one used is the modern approach to the story which is specifically meant to trigger the audience’s feelings and explore personal experience. This approach does not evaluate in detail the events at hand. Rather, there is more reporting than an assessment of the events (Sacco 1995). Moreover, the newspaper analysis is more of a thematic analysis whereby the details in the text is less to do with methodology, that is what has been spoken is transmitted to the audience as it is. The thematic approach used in the analyses of the newspapers is found to be of importance when theory is to be disseminated from those who participate in research and gather information to the intended group of people (Shoemaker 2006). Additionally, there is coherent evidence structural analysis whereby at one point or the other, the emphasis is redirected from the normal flow of the story. There are notable incidences when language is being given due consideration and the magnitude it deserves (Garland 2001). As the stories are narrated through the victims, they do justice to the experience of violence because an emotional encounter of the stories is felt deep within the readership. Critical discourse analysis is a category of discourse where in-depth analysis of raw data which basically studie
Introduction The United States is a multicultural society. People from different races and ethnicity have different opportunities especially in educational attainment. The non-Hispanic whites make up about 67 % of the total population and the blacks 12 % (Suro et al 1). Generally, the educational attainment in both populations has increased significantly over the years. However, there are educational disparities between the two groups and this paper will seek to explore the reasons for these disparities. Inequality in the education system The educational disparity goes back in history in the United States. This was due to segregation that the Supreme Court upheld in 1886 with its ruling in the Plessy v. Ferguson Case that allowed schools to be segregated for whites and backs. The segregation set up the course for disparities in the education sector because the black schools mainly in the south were poor and thus could not afford to provide adequate facilities for the students. They could also not afford to employ sufficient teachers or qualified ones. This meant that the black students received inferior education compared to their white counterparts who went to schools that were well equipped. This situation persisted until 1954 when the Supreme Court ruled against segregation in public schools in the famous case Brown V. Board of Topeka . The gains made in reducing inequality have led to more blacks completing higher education but the disparity remains. For example, in 2006 non-Hispanics whites between the age of 25 and 28 were more likely “to have completed higher levels of education” (Educ
If we attempt to answer what the parent really is, we are likely to touch upon the assumptions about the grounds, on which the right to parent a child is based. It has been commonly accepted in most societies that parenthood equals biological parenthood (although adoptive parents also have an unquestionable right to performing their parental role) (Prout 2016). However, with the development of liberal views on the family institution, many theorists have rejected the idea that children “belong” to their biological parents. The latter are entitled to exercise their rights over them. The importance of children’s best interests and the role of the state are gaining momentum. Moreover, the issue has become pressing because of the increasing number of divorces (that undermine the right of a child to have proper care) and same-sex marriages (in which couples are struggling to receive an opportunity to adopt children). The new, expanded vision of parenting raises a question, what moral, social, and individual qualities one must possess to be able to raise a child regardless of the genetic connection (Archard 2014). Moreover, should children have the right to be freed from their parents’ custody if they do not seem capable of providing proper upbringing? It is an absolute moral right of children to be parented by their biological father and mother if they can sustain their child’s well-being. It has been proven by sociological research that children tend to develop better when they are brought up by their birth parents and therefore have better chances of succeeding in their studies and future career while being more self-confident, ambitious, and psychologically balanced (Parke & Ladd 2016). Still, it is not always the case. In particular situations, it is much more beneficial for the child to be brought up by other people or organizations (Prout 2016). Nevertheless, this fact does not allow claiming that biological parents are fully interchangeable with any other competent caregiver (Berk & Meyers). Thus, the essay at hand is going to argue that, although children have the right to be parented by the best available parent who is willing to do so, their fundamental interest is to be raised by their biological parents except for cases of their genuine and irreparable incompetence. To prove this point, the paper is structurally divided into the sections presenting supporting and opposing arguments:  1. Biological philosophy of parenting (in which the idea of genetic right for parenthood is critically investigated);  2. The concept of child’s best interests (which outlines the principles that the custody must not violate for the child to be successfully raised by his/her biological parents without having to resort to the protection of other people/organizations);  3. The role of the government in parenting (which specifies a child’s right for governmental interference when it concerns defining the competence of biological parents for their position);  4. Children’s liberation and the right to an open future (where “the best available parent” is judged by the opportunities he/she can provide);  5. The issue of parental love (in which the metaphysical co