ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary This paper seeks to explain the operations of Coca-Cola in Kenya since it entered the country until now. It also explains the changes that have taken place in the business environment and the impact that those changes have on the company’s operations. It starts by explaining how and when the company entered the Kenyan market and the subsequent growth trends. It then explains the characteristics of the Kenyan market through a PESTLE analysis. Strategies of the company are then explained followed by the changes that are happening in the market currently and their impact on the future strategies of the company. Lastly, the paper explains the strategy changes that Coca-Cola is planning to adopt and the recommendation of changes it needs to implement. Overview of Coca-Cola and the Kenyan market Coca-Cola is a non-alcoholic beverage company that is headquartered in the US. It launched its operations in Kenya in 1948 through direct investment by setting up a production plant in the capital city, Nairobi, on a quarter acre of land. The company’s products gained popularity with the Kenyan population, which led the management to open another production line in Mombasa, the coastal town of Kenya. The company has since grown by entering into joint ventures with strategic partners and through franchise. At present, the leading non-alcoholic beverage company in the country is Coca-Cola. The company has at least 22 lines of production and 7 plants nationwide. Coca-Cola supplies the Kenyan market with a wide range of drinks, which include soft drinks such as Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite and Stoney as well as drinking water called Dasani (Coca-Cola Subco, n.d). Generally, the Kenyan population believes in having a soft drink during celebrations. The country has a population of over 42 million people, 70 percent of which are youths. This is a potential market for the company’s products because most youths in Kenya like partying, whereby they end up using the company’s products in large numbers. The Kenyan market structure has the characteristics of an oligopoly whereby there are few dominant market players. For instance, in the soft drink market, Coca-Cola is the market leader with two other players, namely East African Breweries who produce Alvaro soft drink and Kuguru Food Complex Ltd that produces the soft drinks branded Softa. In the bottled water market, there are two other dominant products apart from dasani from Coca-Cola. These are Keringent and Aquamist, who jointly have a market share of over 60% (Kamau, 2011). PESTLE analysis The political environment is increasingly becoming steady after implementation of the constitutional reforms in 2009. This provides a stable environment for business operation. In spite of political instability in the 2007, the economy has shown resilience, whereby there is a steady annual growth of over 2 percent which provides a good economic environment. Socially, the Kenyan population ha
Society is a very strong and influential entity that has been known to do some horrible and unfair things. Individuals rarely voice their opinions if they go against a large group but when a great number of people share the same belief and idea, they become a major force, which is almost unstoppable. Division between men and women has existed throughout time and still does today. “Gender Role Behaviors and Attitudes’ ‘ by Holly Devor is written with a direct purpose—to specify and outline that society divides genders according to roles each one has in a civilized state. It was written to give people a perspective and make them take a look from the side because their immersion into their own unreliable regulations is nothing but an illusion. The message is to create awareness and let people know that this division is superficial and pointless, as it has no biological basis. It cautions people to be careful when making such judgments because they are often hurtful and misplaced. If someone wants to act and think a certain way it is their personal business and society or certain individuals have no say in how others should behave, think and in extreme cases feel. It openly tells people that they are wrong in their attitudes and behaviors because the reality is much different. The target audience is people who do separate men and women according to historically and pointlessly defined roles. It is directed at individuals who add their opinions and voices to society and create false truth and knowledge, which is unacceptable by the highest and much needed morals and fairness present society so desperately strives towards. The language used is very definitive and specific. It helps illustrate the issue and pinpoint the relationship between males and females. It is descriptive of the exact characteristics that are attributed to men and women and how society is readily judgmental in voicing opinions and assigning roles. It is very much open and does not hide the truth, calling things what they are without being cautious that it might raise some displeasement with the topic and statements being made. The introduction sets up the main idea and purpose of the work. It also defines the generally accepted notions of masculinity and femininity. It critically analyses how people do not approve of behaviors that are expected from the opposite sex. The conclusion sums up the points of how socially defined people’s roles are and that there is no real need for such division to exist. It reinforces the present state of matters where people follow the majority without really stopping and understanding the true reasons, which are usually thought up and pointless. The essay is very true and specific, which makes it very effective. The society is divided into those who are free thinkers and people who function according to frames that society and majority of the population have set up. This ridiculous concept is very obvious and it is ignorance and carelessness that does not permit people to see the really important qualities of others. Holly Devor addresses an important topic that analyzes the highest moral judgments of an
Introduction Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) help a firm to grow by venturing into new markets. Mergers are a combination of two or more companies who join together to achieve some strategic or financial objective (Sherman A. et al 2006). Acquisitions involve the purchasing of assets or shares of a company in order to have control of that company (Sherman A. et al 2006). M &A can take place peacefully or can sometimes be a difficult process for the companies involved. Having given the definition of M&A, this report focuses on how they develop and the reasons why companies pursue M&A. Then focus will be made on the types of M&A along with the threats and opportunities. This report will further examine the factors that affect M&A with the support of real cases. Finally a conclusion will be drawn from the research. Trends of mergers and acquisitions In the 1970s, there was increased formation of M&A. This trend was persistent and resulted in increased, globalisation. Firms are incorporating the concept of internationalisation in their operation. The current boom with regards to M&A in the 21 st century has similarities with older conglomerations of the 1990s. However, the trend has affected firms in economic sectors (Hijzen et al 2008, p. 852). The financial markets are no longer the major factors in determining formation of mergers or acquisitions. Furthermore, there is a cause to believe that the current surge is progressed by strategic choices of businesses in light of opportunities offers by the economic prowess. Most cross-border M&A are mostly experienced in the same industry with few variations where new investors are involved. Reasons for acquisitions/mergers The primary motivation for coming together or purchasing another business has been to ensure creation of corporate profits hence maximising the shareholder’s value (Bösecke, 2009, p. 46; Campa & Hernando, 2004, p. 56). In addition, firms also enter into strategic alliances (business relationship between 2 or more parties with the objective of attaining a critical business objective such as acquire the skilled employees, products and intellectual property). Companies such as Googles, Cisco and Yahoo have all formed acquisitions over the years. M&A may also take place because of a rapid change in technology, fierce competition, changing consumer preferences, control costs and a reduction in demand (Sherman A. et al 2006). This means that a company cannot keep up with the changing situation and thus, it resorts to this measure. In addition, firm’s share all the risks involved. However, the individual firm’s remain independent. When venturing in to new markets companies encounter pro
Introduction Many people try to understand why The Lady with the Pet Dog is that unique, and the answer lies in the peculiarities of Chekhov’s writing style. Admittedly, he was one of the first artists to understand the strength of realism, as compared to the romantic, depiction of life. Chekhov is a wonderful writer who managed to articulate real-life problems and tragedies. This work of his is a splendid opportunity to understand the protagonists in a reader’s own way due to the story’s ambiguous ending and because of the author’s unbiased writing style. So, this essay will unveil my vision of the short story as conveyed by Chekhov in his objective manner. The story contradicts established values of loyalty in marriage but gradually the narration makes a reader reconsider some opinions although taking into consideration the times the protagonists belonged to. Uncompleted Plot The Lady with the Pet Dog has a very intriguing plot that makes you long for more and more details until the end of the short story. However, this is when a reader encounters an unexpected ending – the author left it to the reader to add the culmination as if saying that the story is going to be neither tragic nor a happy ending. So, this is a story about adultery that is quite romantic and passionate in some way. The protagonists are Dmitri Gurov and Anna Sergeyevna. They meet in Moscow while vacationing without their mates. Although the story has a very indefinite ending, it seems that Chekhov’s story is pierced with untold opinions of the author about the situation – it reads as if he was just laying out facts. Neither is Dmitri’s attitude towards women nor is it Anna’s relation with her husband that we hear about from the author’s own assessment. However, there definitely are controversial feelings over their affair, at first. The reason you do not understand your attitude towards their encounter is that it seems like this adultery does not have a really strong emotional attachment to it. In a word, Chekhov presents the short story at first like an encounter of two adults who regard an opportunity of this love affair as some kind of fun adventure and that is it? Thus, you ask yourself if it is worth it – is it fine to cheat on your second half just for the sake of avoiding boring evenings? Such an opinion is supported by the fact that Gurov was a man who regarded women as “the lower race” (Meyer 202). Therefore, what kind of affair is it to be expected from a man who has to be quite loyal in his marriage and did not respect women? However, the opinion that I came up with eventually was a true and passionate love of two hearts who could not and did not want to live without each other. My Vision of Chekhov’s Writing The end of the story makes it absolutely clear that the reader has to add the actual events that will unveil after Ann and Dmitri’s talk in the theatre. For that, please, let me introduce the times during which the story took place in order to make it clear how Chekhov’s objectivity influenced my reading. This short story, as has been already ment
Introduction In many cases diagnosis of mental illnesses does not offer solutions to mentally ill patients. There is a high possibility that people showing similar symptoms may be suffering from different psychological problems. Mental illnesses are unique for every patient and the degree of their effects varies from one victim to the other. In regards to mental cases, diagnosis can be performed but the dilemma consists in the fact that there has never been a treatment plan that fits all patients with mental problems. As such, this paper seeks to invalidate the value of diagnosis and show the harmful effects of it by disapproving its medicinal value in the treatment process. Mental disorders verses emotional effects A diagnosis does not help in mental treatment because mental disorders can be influenced by distress and disability. These two conditions affect how a person acts, feels, thinks, or perceives his or her environment (Kiesler, 1996). Being a problem of the mind, it is, therefore, imperative for victims to be given medical attention immediately after displaying symptoms. However, diagnosis of mental disorders is meaningless because these are issues of emotional and psychological pain. Currently, many people are suffering from anxiety, depressive symptoms, transient obsessive symptoms, and suicidal ideation (Zarit & Zarit, 2012), which may be due to looming financial constraints or other social factors such as divorce, or death of loved ones among others. These are emotional problems that can influence and affect the mind but they are not necessarily an indication of mental infirmity (Zarit & Zarit, 2012). Diagnosis and treatment In many cases, diagnosis cannot give or influence the best treatment for an individual. It is true that a diagnosis may give the clinician a clue of the patient’s problems (Aldwin, Park& Spiro, 2007). In most cases, therapists rely on diagnostic failure to perform a personal extermination on a patient hence disregarding the fact that symptoms are unique for each individuas. Diagnosis may lead to wrong treatment plan which can be detrimental to the patient. Assumptions that mental conditions are all caused by the same experiences is an unfounded and unrealistic psychological innuendo, and the impacts it poses to patients are critical (Aldwin, Park& Spiro, 2007). Does diagnosis have any benefits? Diagnosis,does not improve the treatment or influence the results of the treatment in any way. Unfortunately, it might cause distress leading to low-self esteem as well as discrimination in the society (Aldwin, Park& Spiro, 2007). Some diagnostic results are simply expressions and feelings of an individual, for instance, feeling frightened, anxiety, desperation, and other emotions can easily be confused with mental breakdowns. Diagnosis categorizes these feelings into some medical terms that make the patient feel very sick (Aldwin, Park& Spir
Abstract Malaysia is the country with a crucial regional economy. Free trade agreements (FTAs) are the opportunities for Malaysia to promote the economic growth, identify regulations and obligations in import-export markets, and create the conditions under which the economic development can be sustainable. Beef is a recognizable industry in Malaysia, and the importance of FTAs cannot be neglected because it helps to improve market relations and choose the right directions. Introduction During the last several years, the Malaysian economy has undergone a considerable economic growth. Today, it is expected that the country continues improving its beef industry and integrating its beef cattle with palm oil production to achieve certain changes in a domestic and foreign supply of beef (Ariff, Sharifah & Hafidz 2015). Another important aspect of the economic growth of the country is the ability to arrange free trade agreements with the help of which Malaysia can reduce trade barriers that may exist between different countries and increase trade of red meat. Malaysia has a fast developing export market, and it is very important for the country not to lose its opportunities and offer the agreements that can stabilize export and import relations with Australia, New Zealand, ASEAN, and Indonesia. This paper aims at developing the study about the importance of free trade agreements in Malaysia, analyzing the relations between different countries, and explaining the worth and outcomes of free trade agreements. Overview of Malaysia Beef Industry Though Malaysia is the country known for its significant changes in beef production at the beginning of the 2000s, there are certain challenges and uncertainties that bother Malaysia beef industry. The main problem is based on the fact that Malaysian beef sub-sector remains to be uncommercialized because of low productivity and the neces
Introduction In August 2016, several Samsung Galaxy Note 7 Smartphones were reported to explode. The manufacturer called upon its engineers hurriedly to diagnose the source of the problem. The initial report pointed to a fault in batteries procured from one of the suppliers. This led to a recall of these smartphones and continued shipping the same mobile device with batteries from a different supplier [1]. However, the issue surfaced again with reports of the new replacements also exploding, prompting the company to halt the entire production of the Samsung Galaxy Note 7. The failure, subsequent recall, and the complete halt of the Galaxy Note 7 production have had social and legal ramifications. This Samsung Galaxy Note 7 Failure case study aims to analyze the issue, its history and the aftermath, including the crisis management and the discovered reasons behind the battery explosion. Background Smartphones have computing capabilities that are very advanced such as high definition cameras, media player, sensors, GPS navigation unit, accelerometers, gyroscopes among other futures. For most Smartphones, and Android operating system is used. To operate efficiently, the features need to be supported by stable memory, batteries with the right power output, and an efficient power system, and a good shell. The risk of failure of Smartphones is mainly in the memory access violation and mobile phone hardware such as the batteries and the shell [2]. Overall, studies on the failure of Smartphones have pointed to two major types of failures, i.e. accidental or malfunction of the software or Android. For this report, the focus is on the hardware or software malfunction. Samsung Galaxy Note 7 Failure The explosion of the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 resulted in to recall of the phones [1]. The specific phones that were overheating were taken for analysis to establish the causes of the explosion. The techniques employed for the analysis were Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). This entails a critical analysis of the entire lifecycle of a product. It analyzes the specifications of the design, operation, and maintenance by establishing the system functions, identification of the failure modes in the system, and functions which then leads to the determination of the effects and possible causes [3]. The analysis covers both the software and hardware functionalities. The
International Journal of Special Education (IJSE) Summary The International Journal of Special Education (SE) has been in existence since 1995 and has warranted a rather positive reputation with its articles that shed light on the problems faced in SE. The journal publishes both experimental and theoretical articles addressing concerns in SE. The current impact factor of the journal based on the number of times when its materials were used for reference in other peer-reviewed articles is currently 1.00 ( International journal of SE (Int J Spec Educ) 2017). Assessment The journal has rather high levels of credibility. Seeing that it has a high indexation level, it is safe to assume that it publishes only credible, peer-reviewed articles. Therefore, IJSE can be considered a reliable source. Additionally, the articles can be located at the same location that the journal mentions. Thus, it can be assumed that the editors of the journal are fully in control of the information that they possess and can arrange it respectively. The journal has a short yet proud history. Being in publishing since 1995, it has been the repository of a vast range of articles that offer innovative and effective strategies for addressing the needs of children in the environment of SE. The mission of IJSE concerns primarily building awareness and shedding light on some of the contemporary issues and innovative solutions to them. IJSE is also a peer-reviewed journal, which makes it is content especially valuable. With a team of scholars assessing the quality of the material that is chosen for publishing, IJSE guarantees the depth of research and credibility of its articles. Thus, the identified resource must be recognized for its quality. Critical Reflection Choosing a journal to select an article on a particular topic is a rather challenging task due to the possible ambiguity of the resource quality. Therefore, IJSE deserves praise for the quality of its content. Even though the journal is comparatively new, it has already gained the reputation of a repository of innovative solutions to some of the problems associated with special education. The fact that the journal publishes only peer-reviewed content also speaks of its weight and significance. In the environment of special education, mistakes in addressing the target demographic’s needs come at a very high price. Herein lies the importance of IJSE, the articles in which are always verified, containing only the information based on in-depth research and supported by credible references.