ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The tools and techniques pertaining to project management can be, in fact, implemented in other areas as well, including the management of supply chains. The processual nuances characteristic of both management areas can be tackled with the usage of common techniques aligned with the most critical management principles and best practices, which are perfectly liable to integration. Managing a supply chain, just as project management, requires planning and shareholder solicitation, human capital outsourcing, technology maintenance and monitoring, performance monitoring, and a timely conducted closure (Wells, 2012). With regard to the first stage, strategic procurement is the technique proved successful for large-scale industrial projects involving the selection and retention of suppliers long-term (Azambuja, Ponticelli & O’Brien, 2014). On the monitoring stage (which is actually inherent to the whole process), the technique of project learning can be implemented, with the usage of tools such as recording to systematically retain the project experiences and document the technical aspects of supply (Stettina & Hörz, 2015; Schindlera & Eppler, 2003). Risk calculation is another valuable technique universal for project management and supply chain management and essential for dealing with assorted uncertainties (Porananond & Thawesaengskulthai, 2014). The sustainability goal has become the driving force of any project and the overarching goal of its managers. On the quest to sustainability, organizations and leaders have to account for their position in the market and against their rivals. The role of competencies here is to create a competitive advantage that the rival businesses will have a hard time matching (Nidumolu, Prahalad & Rangaswami, 2009). To acquire new competencies, companies have to use the old ones, thus constantly upscaling their excellence, while at the same time accounting for all possible risks and the needs of their customers. As a petroleum engineering establishment, our organization pays much attention to sustainable practices and management. We are consistently making use of the green supply chain, which serves as a guide for our corporate governance and project management practices. We use the green chain directives to explore, produce, refine, market, and sell and regard it as a framework for our projects, with many inherent operations present on each stage. For instance, the necessity to configure (explore) comes in the form of facility capacity alignment and technology adaptation with a view of what the shareholders and customers expect from an establishment on its way to sustainability. In recent years, the oil and gas industry has gone beyond the Uniform Commercial Code; a considerable shift in market requirements drives the change towards more sustainable practices in all respects, especially the supply chain. Every project is aimed at innovating the supplies and products and drive it towards zero-emissive, sustainable outcomes; in other words, the industry is consistently going green. This o
Introduction Max Weber and Geertz offered varying ideas regarding cultural theory. They both viewed culture as people’s ways of doing things in society. Culture is usually developed over years whereby it is adopted and passed from one generation to the other through language. Regarding religion, which is one of the aspects of culture, Geertz and Weber offered a number of views. Some viewpoints are similar while others are different. However, the two scholars believe that religion happens within a group implying that it is a group affair. In this regard, various groups have different religious principles and beliefs. Morality is the main principle that all religious groups and teachings espouse. Even though the two scholars agreed that religion happens at an individual level, they offered varying approaches to the understanding of group behavior. Weber noted that each religion is rational and consistent as far as its rules are concerned. Unlike his predecessors such as Durkheim, Weber claimed in his works, ‘ The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ’ that religion could easily bring about change in society. His analysis was based on the spread of capitalism in Europe. He claimed that the Protestant abstemious self-confidence was attributed to the quick spre
Introduction The 1960s period is very significant to the American history. Most of the contemporary practices and norms in society can claim to have been born from the events that took place during that period. For instance, the social movement, hippie revolution, Vietnam war and some other events were witnessed, giving way to democracy, end of minority segregation and emergence of modern culture. This paper will discuss the events of the 1960s that have significantly influenced modern society. Martin Luther and the civil rights movements Although the issue of rights for the African American and other minority groups had become a thorny topic in America for many years, it was until 1960 when the momentum of this agitation became enormous (Brunner and Haney, n.d, p.1). An event occurs at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College where four African American students are segregated at Woolworth lunch counter and as reaction to that, the students start a sit-in at the premise (Brunner and Haney, n.d, p.1). The event results into non-violent protests in major parts of the South, leading to partial removal of segregation policies in areas like “parks, swimming pools, libraries and other public facilities” (Brunner and Haney, n.d, p.1). The non-violent protests continue in many parts of the country especially with eloquence of Martin Luther King urging the people to protest without using violence. In 1962, Martin Luther is arrested but remains unshaken, urging the people to be disobedient in order to unjust the laws (Brunner and Haney, n.d, p.1). Martin Luther continues to organize public forums and nationwide protests in demanding for granting and respect for the rights of the minority. In 1963, the government starts to initiate key changes by first making the 24th Amendment by banning poll tax in eleven Southern States that earlier had prevented the blacks from voting (Brunner and Haney, n.d, p.1). In 1964, the administration of president Johnson boost the civil rights efforts by making it into a law the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that came to be regarded as the major civil rights legislation to be undertaken by the American society (Brunner and Haney, n.d, p.1). The Act criminalizes all forms of discriminations based on “race, color, religion or national origin” (Brunner and Haney, n.d, p.1). Today, the results and fruits of civil rights movements of 1960s have seen the American society embrace economic equality, racial justice, and even international peace, making the society equal and easier in pursuing and attaining the ‘American Dream’. With evidence from the election of Barrack Obama as the first African America president, it can be noted that the 1960s as a period of heightened activities of civil rights movements broadened and opened the political environment of the United States to all groups t
Rural empowerment zones (EZ) and rural enterprise communities are meant to provide economically depressed rural areas and communities with real opportunities for growth and revitalization. Empowerment zones have a long term perspective Empowerment zones are used as tools that operate in partnership with financing institutions to ensure their projects initiated are sustained e.g. through revolving credit. These efforts/programs have made differences in the lives of rural Americans some of whom have lived in abject poverty Problem Issue This study on Chicago Empowerment Zone shall be in the context of a descriptive form, issues pertaining to participation of Empowerment Zones, their impacts and processes involved in these programs. It shall also include the target groups. Given that most communities are poor, with low levels of education, high unemployment levels, poor housing problems the way to address this phenomenon. The workings of Empowerment Zones follow a strategic plan. Objectives of the Study  1. To establish the participation modes and levels of empowerment zones residents  2. To evaluate how the communities have benefited from EZs in Chicago and the neighborhoods  3. To assess how various target groups are involved. Research questions  1. Which participation modes and level are employed for rural Empowerment Zones?  2. How have the communities in Chicago from the Empowerment Zones?  3. How is the target groups involved in the rural Empowerment Zones? The significance of this study shall be gauged from the manner in which the various stake holders shall benefit from the findings of the study. Those who are likely to benefit shall include;  1. Academicians and research scholars who may borrow the ideas and information from contributions from the study. The findings and recommendations sometimes form the basis on which future research is carried out.  2. Policy makers who are mostly interested with ways of improving the living standards of the rural population, through housing, credit programs.  3. The government through its concerned departments may get statistics on the poverty rates, literacy rates. Empowerment Zones/Enterprises Communities The empowerment zone/enterprises community programme provides common wealthy depressed rural areas and communities with real opportunities for growth and revitalization. Its mission is to help create long term economic and community development and assist communities in empowering themselves to improve local conditions and become self-sustaining. The efforts being at grass root level, where communities, in cooperation with state and local government work together to write strategic plans to address the economic and social problems they face. The plan also identifies partnerships and ways to combine private and public resources to improve their plus. The efforts are towards achieving four basic principles economic opportunity, sustainable community development, community-based partnership and strategic vision for change. Success in the rural empowerment zone a
Introduction I chose the ketogenic diet for analysis because it is one of the medical diets that have gained considerable attention among researchers and doctors because of its potential benefits over the years. The diet was introduced in the 1920s after being tested and proved as an effective treatment among epileptic children by Russel Wilder (Masood, Annamaraju & Uppaluri, 2020). The diet originated from the culture of ancient Greek and ancient Indian where physicians adopted the role of fasting and alteration of diet for disease treatment (Mandal & Robertson, 2019). Americans have also widely embraced the diet because of its benefits in weight management among others. The diet is a decade old and people have practiced it for over 90 years. Over the years, research indicates that though the diet has potential health benefits, it has several risks. Information about the Diet The ketogenic diet is based on the philosophy of fasting and diet alteration to restore people’s health. The idea was popularized in the early 20 th century to control epilepsy among children leading to mass use of the ketogenic diet. The diet consists of low-carbohydrate and is rich in fats and proteins. The ketogenic diet has been described as a form of fasting in the modern world (Kraeuter, Guest & Sarnyai, 2020). However, it was used formerly as a method of controlling seizures among epileptic patients. The diet’s main principle is the induction of a metabolic shift from glycolysis to fatty acids. An example of a one-day meal plan representative of the ketogenic diet would contain fried eggs and mushrooms for breakfast, broccoli and low carb sesame chicken for lunch, and spaghetti squash Bolognese for dinner. A daily meal plan for a healthy ketogenic diet should have not more than 5% carbs, about 75% fat, and 10-30% protein (Crosby, Davis, Joshi, Jardine, Paul, Neola & Barnard, 2021). The diet’s popularity is derived from its restricted carbohydrate intake; increased fats and moderate protein consumption which helps people lose weight, reserve metabolic syndrome signs, reduce inflammation, increase longevity, and manage some health conditions associated with high carb intake. Macronutrients are nutrients that are fundamental to promoting healthy dieting among individuals. This refers to the categories of a daily meal plan with the primary macronutrients including protein, fats, and carbohydrates. The ketogenic diet consists of the three primary macronutrients: fats, proteins and carbohydrates. These nutrients are critical for human as they provide energy to the body. The diet encourages a low intake of carbs and a high intake of fats with the latter being converted into ketones for fueling the body. The ketogenic diet has poor coverage of micronutrients given that most of the essential micronutrients are found in high carbohydrates foods which are discouraged in the diet. Research shows that there is a significant correlation between high-fat diets and low micronutrient density (Kraeuter et al. 2020). This is
This Pride and Prejudice essay summarizes the novel and discusses its main characters and themes. Introduction Pride and Prejudice is a world-known novel written by an English author Jane Austen in 1813. The story revolves around the importance of education, marriage, financial viability, and traditions in the United Kingdom during the Regency era. Humor is used as the primary artistic means of the narrative, which attracted many readers and ensured the popularity of the book. This essay contains the analysis of the novel, including the summary, description of the main characters and themes, personal opinion about the narrative, and conclusion that summarizes the main points of the essay. The Summary of the Novel The story begins with the conversation of two characters, Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet, who are talking about the visit of a young bachelor, Mr. Bingley, to their neighborhood. The Bennet family has five daughters, and Mrs. Bennet thinks that they should be friends with Mr. Bingley as he can marry one of her girls. Therefore, since the time of Mr. Bingley’s arrival, spouses Bennet try to use the opportunities to communicate with him. One day the Bennet family meets Mr. Bingley at the ball, where his friend, Mr. Darcy, accompanies him. Even though initially Mr. Darcy made a positive impression on people, soon everyone found him to be arrogant, because he did not want to dance with anyone except for Mr. Bingley’s sisters. Mr. Bingley advises Mr. Darcy to pay his attention to Elizabeth, one of the daughters of the Bennet, but he did not express any interest to her. Elizabeth witnessed this conversation and felt antipathy toward Mr. Darcy. Soon, Mr. Bingley realized that he felt in love with the sister of Elizabeth, Jane, while Mr. Darcy started having feelings for Elizabeth. Elizabeth talks to her new friend, Mr. Wickham, who tells her the story about the immoral behavior of Mr. Darcy. This only supports Elizabeth’s negative opinion about Mr. Darcy as she is sure that he despises her. Mr. Darcy, in his turn, thinks that the Bennets are out of his social circle because they demonstrate bad manners. He encourages Mr. Bingley to return to London and give up the idea to marry Elizabeth’s sister Jane. Later, Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, but she rejects him, saying that he is guilty of destroying the happiness of her sister. Months later, the younger sister of Elizabeth, Lydia, runs away with Mr. Wickham. Mr. Darcy, trying to save the Bennets from shame, forces Mr. Wickham to marry Lydia. Being thankful, Elizabeth realizes that she likes Mr. Darcy, and accepts his proposal when he asks her to marry him t
Article Summary This article focuses on the use of camouflage by many species, from butterflies to penguins, in order not to attract the attention of predators or be noticed by potential prey. As reported, four Brazilian scientists decided to compare how effectively different species blend into the landscape and who in the animal kingdom really deserved the right to be called “invisible” ( Economist , 2022, para. 6). After selecting all scientific articles on animal camouflage, they began to study the material for work, until they narrowed the selection to 84 articles. After analyzing the camouflage strategies, the scientists found that camouflage as an inedible object was the most reliable. On average, predators searched for camouflaged species 60% longer and attacked 25% slower than unmasked animals ( Economist , 2022, para. 6). The next part of this article is devoted to the discovery by experts from the University of Bristol that moth wing scales act as an excellent sound absorber ( Economist , 2022, para. 8). During the experiments it was found that both wings are excellent sound absorbers even when placed on a solid acoustic substrate, while the wings absorb up to 87% of incoming sound energy. Critique Assignment The article is a compilation of two studies with an introductory section in which the authors give general information about the camouflage of both predators and potential victims. The researchers choose different species, such as butterflies, penguins, or leopards, as examples, thus emphasizing the natural diversity. Focusing on specific examples allows the reader to delve deeper into the topic before reading further research on the subject. By constructing the articles with the help of research history, vivid examples, and two scientific papers, the authors lead readers to a complete picture of camouflage as both a defense and an attack method. For further analysis, the integration of the two scholarly works into the overall narrative of the material should be examined in detail. The work of scholars from Brazil and England deserves excellent attention for the saturation of the work and the theses voiced. The study from Brazil is notable because the authors decided to analyze most of the available articles on a disguise and turn to analytics. This tactic makes the material complete and credible. Still, the authors of the article in question did not specify the period over which the sample of publications was taken or the criteria by which the selection was made ( Economist , 2022, para. 6). The researchers from Brazil cited essential statistics on time to find a victim and a deadly attack, which are valuable figures for future scientists who, due to climate change, will be able to track the dynamics. In addition, the authors of the Economist forgot to add the details of the study, which was expressed in the analysis of several types of cloaking, after which the numerical conclusions a
Introduction Hotel Rwanda is an American film that was produced in 2004 by Terry George. It is based on the events that took place in Rwanda in 1994 when the country faced a serious problem related to genocide. Don Cheadle is presented as a proprietor of the hotel who endeavours to liberate his fellow citizens from effects of the genocide. The movie is referred to as the African schindler’s list. Nick Nolte and Sophie Okonedo are some of the main characters in the movie who play critical roles. Rusesabagina tries to save the lives of close family members, as well as other refugees. Over a thousand refugees face different problems, as they do not have the means of travelling to secure places. Rusesabagina houses the refugees in a hotel by providing them with basic needs, such as food and clothing. The movie talks about the genocide that claimed the lives of close to a million people in Rwanda. Moreover, it highlights some of the problems that led to the massacre. During the war, corruption and heightened ethnicity were some of the major problems that faced people since they had to save their loved ones. Finally, the movie looks at the consequences of the war whereby the producer claims that the country experienced a variety of crises just after the genocide since mistrust and hatred was so intense. Synopsis The movie shows that tension between the two warring communities in Rwanda led to a large-scale war that shocked the whole world. The Hutus and the Tutsis engaged in armed conflict after a very long time of peace. The producer wonders why communities could rise against each other after living together for several centuries. Before the war, corruption and bribery characterized the behaviour of many politicians. Rusesabagina was a Hutu while his wife was a Tutsi yet they lived peacefully for several years. During the war, Rusesabagina had problems convincing the Tutsis that he was supporting them. Moreover, the Hutu extremists never trusted him since he was suspected of leaking critical information to the Tutsis. Rutaganda is presented as Rusesabagina’s friend who supplied goods to the hotel. Moreover, the supplier was the leader of Interahamwe, an organization that was formed specifically to exterminate the Tutsis. Rutaganda had problems with Rusesabagina since the hotel owner hosted the Tutsis. Rusesabagina became helpless as tension between the two communities worsened. He witnessed the killing of his neighbours, as well as friends, but he did not
Introduction The very word ‘retailing’ means nothing more than selling goods to people. This job is mainly done through the help of shops and other types of business outlets. Now, it is for sure that the fundamental understanding of retailing has changed a lot now from what it was in the previous century. ‘Retailing in the 21 st century is far more exciting than what it was in the 20 th century (Krafft and Murali, 2004). It is completely dependent on modern economics as it is emerging’. Globalization is certainly one of the main opportunities that have made the path smooth for retailing companies like Liberty of London. The competition is high. Therefore ‘each company is always trying to prove why they are different from the others and what extra benefit the customers can get from them’ (Keller, 2002 pp. 118). The history of the product Liberty is one of the leading luxury store business houses in the United Kingdom and is in retail business is in the retail industry. This departmental store has many strategies that have made them one of the growing retail businesses in the United Kingdom. Liberty has strategic reasons why they have decided to enter into various segments. Being one of the most profitable stores they are endowed with enormous resources that will make them a giant in any business they venture into. Their strategy states that in their business they have10% of the market in Britain. They want to grow stronger in United Kingdom Company business then ‘develop to the international market by increasing the exploring new opportunities, and then exploit the retailing services as well as E-commerce’. This is why this company has been expanding into the international market (Lee and Carter, 2005). The production of the product ‘All brands in a competitive market have various challenges that they have to adhere or adjust to’. Just like products, the major challenge that a departmental store may face is the rise of competition. All companies in a competitive world have to accept real competition unless in a monopolistic type of market. ‘Competition can be defined as a group of firms, that offer a product, or class of products that substitute the products’ of Liberty. Innovation and brand diversification is the key to beating departmental store challenges and once Liberty identified its major challenges it had to ascertain its characteristics and specify strategic, objectives look at its strengths and weaknesses, reaction patterns,, and ways to react to these challenges to overcome them. To do this the management of liberty decided to take the bull by the horns. They have monitored the competitor’s expansion plans, size,, and other factors and