ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many people believe that miracles make this life exciting and worth living. Some people remain skeptical and consider miracles as something unscientific and hard to accept. Despite personal attitudes and knowledge, one should admit that religions underline the presence of miracles in different forms. After reading Chapter 8 in Rowe’s Philosophy of Religion , I got a great chance to improve my understanding of miracles through the prism of religion in the modern world. One of the most common opinions about miracles is their incompatibility with science. Rowe (2007) used the opinions of several theologians, Bultmann and Hume, to explain the essence of a miracle and its relation to religion. For example, Bultmann (as cited in Rowe, 2007) believed that a miracle is a prescientific picture of the world where supernatural things play a crucial role. However, with time, when science gains better recognition, it becomes hard to accept this position. Therefore, the approach offered by Hume seems to be rational and appropriate in regard to the scientific mind of modern people. The author suggested four main components that should be inherent to a miracle. First, it should be an even that could not happen except for a natural reason (Rowe, 2007). Second, a miracle is something controlled by God or other supernatural beings. Third, it must be an astonishing and surprising event for a person (Rowe, 2007). Finally, any miraculous event serves for some beneficial purposes only. I find the discussion offered by Rowe an excellent opportunity to clarify what event is interpreted as a miracle. However, even such an approach seems to be a prejudiced and subjective point of view because no scientific or other credible evidence was offered. I want to believe in miracles not as a violation of natural laws, but as a source of inspiration and emotional support, just like religious beliefs. Reference Rowe, W. L. (2007). Philosophy of religion: An introduction (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
The article “Ritual Power in Interaction” was written by Andrew Travers in October 1982 in the journal “Symbolic Interaction.” By stating the research question, Travers (1982) tries to discover how Erving Goffman’s idea of people being ritual creatures can be refined into a new concept of “ritual power.” The study is guided by Goffman’s ritual frame to study people as ritual beings. Goffman claimed that sacrality is a personal belonging, which can be offended by rudeness. At the same time, Travers (1982) tries to go beyond this notion and seeks to find out the rules of interaction and the organization of ritual experience, using the data concerning punks and nurses. The scholar collected the data by observing punks in public places and concerts and interviewing them for 12 months, meaning qualitative methods (Travers, 1982). Moreover, he researched nurses by working in the hospital for a period of three weeks. Travers (1982) highlights that he used such methods to invent a theory, not accept or reject any hypothesis. The scholar aimed to sample punks and nurses according to their attitude towards pollutants (Travers, 1982). I am concerned about a couple of questions that were raised while I was reading the article. Firstly, is there a possibility that the sample from the population can be biased? Travers (1982) mentioned: “I see punks (known to me),” meaning that he observed those people whom he knew (p. 284). From my perspective, this fact cannot guarantee unbiased sampling. Secondly, can a scholar make generalizations about nurses based on observations in the Nursing Auxiliary in male Urology? I mean, the scholar worked for three weeks in a single nursing organization, researching the rituals of nursing there; can he generalize nurses in common? I want to know more about other factors that can provide grounds for the different rituals, apart from pollutan Reference Travers, A. (1982). Ritual Power in Interaction. Symbolic Interactions 5 (2), 277-286.
Introduction Although we may not typically consider a trailer released months before the film’s debut or a quote from an interview as a part of an actual movie, these do serve significantly to shape how we approach our viewing of the film for the first time as well as how we reflect upon it while viewing, after viewing, or upon revisiting it. To many diehards of Sherlock Holmes, Benedict Cumberbatch appears to be the definitive figure in this contemporary work. Playing Arthur Conan Doyle, Jeremy Brett complicates the detective in the adventures of Sherlock Holmes up to 1994. On the other hand, most viewers observe that Benedict has honored the great man who defined Holmes for the current generation. Although Genette discusses the paratext in reference to literary works in particular, the concept can easily be applied to the filmic text. Cumber batch provides a writer’s eloquence in relaying Brett’s impression. A literary paratext might include a book’s cover, title page, preface, or even reviews about a book, whether quoted upon its jacket or encountered by a potential reader in a magazine. In the analysis of this paper, a film paratext could be a movie trailer, DVD cover, title sequence, reviews from the press, or interviews with the writers, directors, and cast. Brett Jeremy and the Holmes Audience Sherlock’s creators, Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss, anticipated an international audience of newcomers as well as a homegrown Holmes fan base. This is amid Brett’s public battle with a bipolar disorder that almost ended his career in acting. The first episode’s title is a variation of A Study in Scarlet, Conan Doyle’s 1887 novel that introduced Sherlock Holmes to readers; it is an appropriate choice for the episode that introduces 21st century Sherlock to television audiences in Britain. Brett’s death in 1995, after a heart failure, was a major blow to other members of the cast. The murdered “pink” lady reflects not only a color and story connection with the original text but twists the tale into a modern commentary about eye-catching colors for women working in the media and the victim’s need to be perfectly groomed and color coordinated in order to be acceptable for her job and her lovers (Aumont 38). Even her accessories, such as a mobile phone, are in, as Sherlock refers to them as being of an alarming shade of pink. In every version of this episode, whether broadcast in the U.K. or internationally, in edited or full format, the story begins not with Sherlock but with Jeremy Brett, who becomes the character with whom the audience is expected to identify and thus is an appropriate entry character to get viewers involved with the story. Brett’s flashback to an Afghani war zone, also appropriate to the original Watson’s war record (another plus for traditional Holmes fans), makes him a sympathetic modern character who might be a returned veteran like someone viewers know in real life. The news-style flashback modernizes Watson’s p
Introduction The ability to determine the value of the research is crucial in the professional world. One of the useful tools that can assist the process is Analysis, Evaluation, Synthesis (AES) approach (Rodriguez & Toews, 2005). The following paper analyzes one qualitative and one quantitative article with the aim of evaluating the reliability and feasibility of their findings. Analysis A qualitative study by Baxa (2015) examined the effects of students’ self-assessment and dialogue with the teacher on their ability to understand the learning targets, set goals, and revise their work. The author provides a brief problem statement by describing an issue encountered by a certain teacher and suggests a broader scope according to which the lack of feedback received by the students during the learning process resulting in an incomplete understanding of the goals and their inability to revise the initial drafts. According to the purpose statement of the paper, the study was intended to determine whether self-assessment supported by the rubric and dialogue with the instructor throughout the learning process could influence the learners’ ability to set goals for improving their writing (Baxa, 2015). The author poses a range of research questions to guide the research, each of which reflects a specific outcome of the instructional practice in question on different aspects of students’ performance. Finally, while the researcher does not explicitly provide a research hypothesis, it can be implied from the expectations clarified in the paper and suggests a positive relationship between each of the independent and dependent variables. As can be seen, the purpose statement problem statement, research questions, and research hypothesis incorporate the same variables, consistently establish connections, and can, therefore, be considered aligned. Since the direction chosen by the author is not well-represented in the academic sources, the literature review focuses on the concept of formative assessment that exhibits several similarities to the chosen topic. Baxa (2015) highlights the central role of feedback in the process, outlines the areas of its application, and provides evidence of its positive impact on several aspects of academic performance. Thus, the synthesis is applied to arrive at the conclusions regarding the expected outcomes. Despite the lack of studies directly related to the selected problem, the literature review provides thorough support for the formulated research questions. All sources chosen for the literature review support the constructivist theoretical framework specified by the author in the introduction due to the fact that the findings consistently align with the notion of students’ active participation in the learning process (Baxa, 2015). The literature review contains no studies that are directly related to the identified problem and thus does not facilitate support for the chosen methodology. However, the author provides a rationale for the sample by characterizing the approach as a multi-case study (Baxa, 2015). The sampling method and the small sample size can thus be
Although hospitals offer an environment that is conducive for recovery from illnesses, it is unfortunate that there is a likelihood of contracting some diseases and infections from the settings. A hospital-acquired disease is a type of illness that a person can get in a healthcare environment, for instance, hospitals, nursing homes, or rehabilitation institutions (Khan, Ahmad, & Mehboob, 2015). These types of diseases are also referred to as nosocomial infections. Since the diseases can also be contracted in the course of health service delivery outside a clinical facility, they are sometimes known as healthcare-associated infections. Infection control and management of pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired diseases are vital since they are a threat to the lives of health professionals, patients, and visitors. Blackwell (2015) describes a situation where a Canadian woman had gone to a health care facility for a regular hysterectomy and the removal of an ovary but later succumbed to a belly infection that had advanced to necrotizing fasciitis. She developed the infection after her surgical wound acquired pathogens in the course of her stay in the hospital. It was reported that this was a single case out of 8000 deaths, which occurred in Canada as a result of hospital-acquired infections. Moreover, in the late 2000s, a hospital in Quebec and two in Toronto announced that they had discovered that contaminated sinks were mainly responsible for hospital-acquired infection outbreaks in the regions. National Healthcare Safety Network with the Center for Disease Control (CDC) considers meningitis, gastroenteritis, and infections affecting the urinary tract, surgical/soft tissues, and respiratory system as the
The decision to establish international companies is associated with numerous benefits as it is demonstrated in the discussion post. Continuing on the topic addressed in the post, going global involves significant expenditures, but its positive effects in terms of revenues, workforce, and improving a company’s social image cannot be overstated (Gémar, 2014). However, when it comes to the key difficulties related to having international businesses, it is paramount to focus on the presence of internal resources, proper goal-setting practices, and compliance with ethical norms. In fact, problems related to international businesses are inextricably connected with economic development. Internalization may seem attractive to many companies, but it is clear that only the largest and strongest market players are able to implement such strategies. This inequality takes place since expanding businesses is impossible without an “internal strength” (Lai, O’Hara, & Wysoczanska, 2015, p. 80). In this connection, the opportunities to go global can be limited by the country’s economic position, development perspectives, and other factors. Another problem that should not be underestimated when making decisions concerning internationalization is the need to choose the key host regions based on thorough analysis and realistic goals. Discussing this topic, modern researchers emphasize the necessity to focus on the right motivators. As is stated by Lai et al. (2015), the key types of motivating factors are “market-seeking, resources-seeking, efficiency-seeking, and strategic asset-seeking” (p. 80). Importantly, many multinational corporations in China are believed to be driven by the need to gain more strategic assets (Lai et al., 2015). In the end, the impact of some local scandals and the cases of misbehavior on the reputation of a company also presents a challenge associated with internationalization. Among the brightest examples of the problem is a series of scandals with Burger King’s advertising campaigns in Russia (Embury-Dennis, 2018). Thus, apart from pecuniary benefits, expanding worldwide involves taking the degree to which ethical standards are respected under strict control.
There are numerous ways through which the modern culture is ‘fatalistic’. Observably, Greeks had a unique perception on gods. For example, they viewed them to be unpredictable in their roles. An analytical examination of these ancient Greeks together with their beliefs indicates a notable disparity with the present day practices. Humanistic perception, predominantly present within the globalized world, resembles the Greeks’ convictions on man’s role within the cosmos. Within the current society, several individuals have replaced the ancient Greek’s beliefs and gods with politicians. Particularly, the waves approach has played a critical role in the transformation and disregard of the ancient Greeks’ critical perception of events and actions. Politicians have presently deviated from the ancient norms of the Greek. Thus, most of them assume risky and fallacious initiatives or ideological opinions. These have misled the general society and even the rule of law. Concurrently, fatalities are observable in the gross mistakes eminent within the political arena and governance systems. For instance, most politicians have accented to and passed legal bills that are potentially detrimental. Presently, such undertakings have been conducted without thorough examination or scrutiny. As a result, a lot of fatalities have been committed. Similarly, in comparison to the Zeus’ potential to transform the lives of several individuals through his daily choices in the rule of the ancient Greek, the bills passed fallaciously have this capacity also. Observably, the competency of Zeus to make choices depending on his mood is an action that immensely manipulated the lives of the normal Greeks. This is similar to any present bill. For instance, in America, whenever the Congress’s mood rests on passing any bill and welcome the aftermaths minus thorough initial research, it remains a fatalistic occurrence. In such contexts, even their point of view becomes l
Identification and Analysis of the Management and Leadership Issues Organizational partnerships and collaborations are common phenomena in modern businesses. Symbiotic relationships between companies act as resources that are powerful enough to beat competitors. Since no organization is perfect, managers often settle for partners that cover their weaknesses and complement their business objectives. Consequently, the partnership between Cunningham Holdings Limited (CHL) Hospitality, Torres Strait Shire Council, and Queensland Tourism Authority (QTA) is strategic because the individual entities are specialized in different operations. For instance, Torres Strait Shire Council represents the local government which means it will ensure that all activities are in sync with the municipality’s laws and policies. Similarly, QTA enforcement of regulations and standards among all businesses in the state’s tourism industry. The two bodies will benefit CHL by ensuring that the newly developed resort is ultra-modern and meets the required tourism and hospitality standards. However, business collaborations, particularly those with local authorities and government agencies, are a wicked problem that can hinder the success of CHL’s contribution to the project. Consequently, various leadership and management challenges are bound to arise as a result of the partnerships. The wicked problem, in this case, is closely aligned with the issue of poor communication as identified in CHL’s Organization Culture Survey. The three bodies have independent cultures, standards, and policies. Nonetheless, reconciling all of them is a significant problem because they will present different handling approaches. The difference in management and leadership styles is the first issue that is likely to be encountered in collaboration. It is essential to understand that the involved organizations all have varying leadership approaches to handling their operations. For instance, most employers in the private sector prefer servant-leadership and democratic management styles because they believe in involving subordinates in company goals and visions directly. On the other hand, government agencies favor authoritarian and transactional leadership methods because the managers often expect unquestionable obedience and rely on incentives such as bonuses to motivate em
Economically speaking, class conditions relate to property and employment status that define them but British society has a richer and more diverse culture that cannot simply be categorized as the privileged and the peasant classes at it once were. With technological advances came the rise of the post-industrial worker and as time goes on, the lines separating the upper-crust and the underclass get considerably murkier. The categorizing of people according to their status within society is as old as mankind itself. The study of the class had been viewed as the means in comprehending the structure of social society. Analyzing class has become a characteristic of much sociological debate. Leading class theorists including Marxist, Weberian, and functionalist thought assembled many complex approaches to class analysis near the turn of the 20 th century. In today’s industrial society, such as Britain, the system of social structure is adaptable. People can more easily ascend the social ladder than in the past. Modern theorists have attempted to explain what constitutes a particular social class and whether it is the type of neighborhood one lives, their career, ethnicity, or income that defines to which class they belong. Although there is no specific definition of class as in say, India where there is a caste system, social differentiation does indeed exist. Class is a matter of social perspectives. Position in the hierarchy is determined by personal merit and personal wealth. Research on class awareness shows that people’s immediate financial situation influences their current perceptions of inequality. Other research has
Introduction For a person who is not familiar with the Christian doctrine, John Bunyan’s seminal work helps create a world, ruled by the beliefs, fears, and hopes that are the established keystones, of the life of any god-fearing Christian. He has described in great detail, his arduous journey through a lot of trials and tribulations. It is only his undying hope and belief in the promise of a place in the hereafter, to him a place of undying bliss, which conveys him from one world to the next. Right from the time he begins his journey from his native town, the main character in the book demonstrates a tenacity of will that is nothing short of remarkable. The purpose of this essay is to point out, in as much detail as possible, the allegorical allusions to the Christian way of life, or in short, the biblical teachings that are vital to the existence of the principal characters. Allegory as the principal theme John Bunyan’s book, The Pilgrim’s Progress, is a leading example of allegory right from the beginning to the end. Whether one is talking about the names of the characters in his book or the places that are described, there is a repeated return to what is supposed to be literary allusions to the Bible and Christian dogmas. While talking about the various places that the principal character of the book moves through, there is an allusion to the vagaries or in other words, the ups and downs of life; there is a pattern that has been followed that looks at allegorical allusions right through the book. There are a few passages in the book, however, where the pattern of allegory is reduced to virtual non-existence. This is obvious in the description of the Bond Woman and Mount Sinai. It is true that in all novels that purport to be totally allegorical, there are passages that do not fit into the description of the same. On the other hand, there are passages where there is a clear depiction of what the author is trying to depict, rather than allude to some biblical or Christian reference. Therefore, it would be relevant to state that The Pilgrim’s Progress is by and large a study in allegory and a rich one at that. The beginning of the tortuous trail While referring to the spiritual journey that is undertaken by the principal character of the book, Christian, one cannot but help to wonder whether this is a ‘trail’ or a ‘trial’. He leaves his hometown, which is the “City of Destruction”