ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In his book A Vietcong Memoir, Truong Tang gives the audience in-depth insights into the war which tore Vietnam apart for many decades. The author urges the reader to look at those events from the position of Vietnamese people, who definitely suffered most from this social and political disaster; its long-term impacts are noticeable even nowadays. This autobiography is helpful because it increases our knowledge of this war by describing contradictory nature of French rule in the region. The writer points out a very curious paradox; he says that France and other Western nations immensely shaped political thinking of the Vietnamese but these states did not give them any resources to sustain the development of the local society (Truong, 191). This is one of those reasons why the influence of the Soviet Union became so strong. In fact, it is quite possible to agree with his argument because that this military conflict was largely caused by economic instability, poverty of the population, poor education, cultural chauvinism etc. Provided that these problems had been solved or at least alleviated this war could have never occurred. Furthermore, Truong Tangs ideas are not entirely original because many Vietnamese take similar view on these issues. In order to substantiate this argument, we should first refer to the history of Vietnam. It should be borne in mind that for more than a century the country was one of French colonies (Hall, 99). In fact, the nation gained the independence from France only in 1945. Despite the fact that the world superpowers agreed on the idea that Vietnam had to remain French colony, these people achieved their autonomy through military insurgence. Truong Tang believes that the origins of war can be traced back to the period when Vietnam “was politically suppressed and economically exploited colony of France” (Tang, 62). This included violation of civil rights of the population, their inability to participate in political decision-making. France established a new order that was supposed to be democratic and beneficial to average people, but they did not enjoy these democratic privileges. Such situation could be observed on economic and cultural levels. For a very long time, this country was predominantly agricultural and peasants were accustomed to subsistence production. In other words, they produced goods only to feed their families rather than sell them. French government introduced new forms of mass production, which were oriented for export, for instance factories. The emergence of factories drove many people of their homes. In fact they were deprived of their land, which was turned into a commodity and sold to those who were able to purchase it. Additionally, new forms of production necessitated the use of entirely new technologies, unheard of this region. On the one hand, this improved performance and but also increased unemployment. French authorities did nothing to regulate economic development. Ironical
Abstract This paper will focus its attention on James Halliwell Philipp’s short story, “The Three Little Pigs” and the main theme behind the story. The author James Halliwell is famous for writing fairy tales which have been used as nursery tales and nursery rhymes. Further, this paper will analyze James Halliwell as an author and an antiquarian researcher in literature. This fairy story features or rather is dominated by anthromorphic animals. This paper will also feature eight different editors who have been interested in the story since its first publication. These authors have each analyzed and given different views and opinions regarding the story of the three little pigs. This story is of great interest to the western culture because of the great morals it possess as demonstrated by the phrases used throughout the entire piece. Just like James Halliwell, the subsequent retellings present the story in the first person narrator. This is done by the wolf to p
The Institute of full-time military chaplains has been operating in the USA for many years, which is a return to centuries-old traditions. And today, divine services and spiritual conversations on historical and other topics bring to light and generate a high state of mind. Chaplains go to the troops and ships and give the soul of warrior support: they determine the coordinate system and spiritual and moral criteria. They also have a significant impact on the development of the religious situation in the country, the dynamics of relations between confessions, and their relationship with the state in the context of the rapid spread of religious pluralism. The duties of military chaplains include not only the performance of divine services and rituals on the territory of military and law enforcement formations. They also organize work with servicemen of different faiths and members of their families on the principles of voluntariness and taking into account the specifics of their religious affiliation (Odierno 2015). Military chaplains are engaged in spiritual and educational work and participate in events held by the command for patriotic and moral education of servicemen and their family members. Priests in the army assist the command in carrying out preventive work to strengthen law, order, and discipline. Thus, they participate in the prevention of offenses, non-statutory relationships, and suicidal incidents. All these duties are universal and can be applied to representatives of any religion. The chaplain can still provide when they can not actually perform because a soldier has a different faith or religious belief. This is due to the fact that religious values are usually associated with universal values that model correct attitudes and behavior in society. Most religions share this type of moral principle (National Conference on Ministry to the Armed Forces 2015). Although each religion has certain differences, they all strive for the same goal. Any religious teaching instructs the correct behavior of people, which will lead to a life in harmony and the attainment of God. Thus, a chaplain can be guided by universal moral principles when instructing a person from another religion. Then they will be able to help a serviceman as a spiritual mentor. For the same reason, a chaplain can help soldiers with their spiritual needs without compromising their own faith. Any religious values are associated with universal, ethical, moral values and all those that are considered correct in society. For example, values such as respect, honesty, and kindness are likely to be shared by both the chaplain’s religion and the employee’s religion. An army priest, in his instruction, may seek to support the importance of love, kindness, respect, and solidarity in order to achieve greater closeness to God. If they adhere to this principle, they will be able to help a soldier of another faith while not compromising their own religious beliefs. The army is an integral part of the rapidly globalizing world, and the processes taking pla
Introduction Mercedes Benz is a leading automobile manufacturer and marketer in the globe. The firm has established a powerful brand image that supports its position in the industry. The company’s brand image is associated with “perfection, fascination, and responsibility” (“Mercedes Benz: The Best or Nothing” par. 3). The company positions itself in the luxury car segment of the automobile industry. Mercedes Benz produces superior products that can address the needs of the targeted consumer. The firm’s brand image explains why it is impossible to produce cheap and low-quality products for its customers (“Mercedes Benz: The Best or Nothing” par. 2). The cars delivered to different consumers are of the highest quality. This image is something that will continue to support the firm’s future goals. However, the marketers in the firm should do more in an attempt to complete the positioning strategy for these products. This discussion offers powerful ideas to explain why a repositioning strategy is appropriate for maximizing the sales and profitability of the firm’s luxury cars. Background and Problems Situation Analysis Mercedes Benz is one of the celebrated and recognized automotive names in the globe. The automobile manufacturer has its headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany (“Mercedes Benz: The Best or Nothing” par. 1). The current name first appeared in the year 1926 (“Mercedes Benz: The Best or Nothing” par. 1). However, the brand emerged in 1901 after the establishment of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft. The German-based manufacturer is owned by the Daimler AG Group. Mercedes Benz is known for producing luxury automobiles such as coaches, sedans, buses, and trucks (Biebrach 17). Mercedes Benz’s focus on quality and comfort is something that supports the worth of its brand. The value of the brand has strengthened within the past four decades. Despite such aspects, some challenges such as competition, changing consumer expectations, and fuel prices will affect Mercedes Benz’s performance in the future. Current Brand Challenge The firm has been embracing the best strategies to remain a global leader in the industry. The car manufacturer is also “a leader in innovation” (“Mercedes Benz: The Best or Nothing” par. 2). Mercedes Benz was the first company to introduce anti-locking brakes, fuel injection systems, and diesel engines (Biebrach 14). Research and development (R&D) is also taken seriously to produce superior products. The company’s brand has remained strong within the past few years. However, some problems affect the firm’s competitiveness and performance in the luxury car segment. The first problem affecting the firm arises from the increasing level of competition. Different automobile brands such as Volkswagen and Volvo are producing superior cars (“Mercedes Benz at a Glance” par. 7). As well, consumer behaviors and preferences have changed significantly within the past decade thus affecting the company’s profitability. The company has always focused on a small market segment. These issues are currently affecting the company’s business gains. Key Insights Mercedes Benz originally targeted wealthy
Introduction The issue of education has always been topical for people. It helps to impart knowledge from one generation to another and due to this process humanity managed to accumulate a great number of different knowledge. Being so important, the issue of education was studied by many different people. They tried to determine the way in which a person obtains knowledge and what conditions will be the best for a pupil to become successful and process all the information given. There were many attempts to find the answer to these questions and due to this fact numerous theories of learning appeared (Hemwall & Trachte, 2005). Thus, traditionally there are two theories which are considered to be the most influential ones and which have many adherers. These theories are behavioral and cognitive theories of learning. The purpose of this work is to determine differences and similarities of behavioral and cognitive theories of learning and understand whether they could be used in online environment or not. Main body Behaviorism Behavioral is one of the oldest theories of learning which supposes that a pupil is essentially passive and it only responds to some environmental stimuli ( Behaviorism, n.d.). It means that a common learner is taken as a clear slot which should be filled with knowledge. It is obvious, that there are special ways in which knowledge could be given. The main idea of this theory is that numerous repetitions of the same action or information can lead to its understanding and acceptance (Graham, 2015). That is why, all behavioral theories of learning take this statement into account and base on this assumption (Gopnik & Wellman, 2012). Great attention is also given to reinforcement, both positive or negative. It helps to increase the possibility of understanding of some knowledge and appearance of some set of skills. A pupil repeats some exercises until he/she is able to understand the main idea and repeat it in his/her life. Cognitivism Thus, there is one more important theory of learning which is rather popular nowadays and is also investigated. It is cognitive theory of learning. This theory is based on the idea that a person is able to learn how to perform certain actions simply observing a model (Van Roojen, 2015). While looking at it, a person is also analyzing it. He/she tries to make a certain conclusion and determine the way in which this action was performed. In other words, cognitive theory of thinking is based on the great importance of cognitions. Under this term the set of metal abilities connected with study and obtaining information is meant (Wicks, 2015). With the help of cognition a person investigates the world and makes certain conclusions. This term is vital for cognitive theory of learning as it supposes that a person understands information better if he/she not just simply repeats but understands it. Similarities Having obtained information about these important learning theories, it is possible to say that they have a great number of differences and similarities. First of al
Discuss some of the IRS regulations that govern profit status for organizations, including hospitals International reporting standards are an internationally accepted model of reporting a financial operation in a business. It has the aim of providing an equal base of comparison among different companies despite them working in different places of the world. The invention of the IRS is because of international integration and corporation among countries; the integration has facilitated international investments. In the health services provision industry, there are growing concerns that they should adopt internationally recognized reporting standards. The industry takes the form of profit-making and nonprofit-making organizations. In the case of profit-making hospitals, when calculating the incomes and reporting different parameters in the industry, the facilities are expected to follow internationally recognized standards (Weckwerth, 2006). In Section 263.–Capital Expenditure, IRS requires that any capital expenditure that is incurred in the purchase and inflation of an asset should be capitalized but not expensed. For example, when a hospital facility has acquired a new X-ray machine, the costs incurred pertaining to the machine which includes the fees paid to experts to install, the special construction that has to be made on the building that it will be put should be capitalized and amortized with the asset value. In section 882, the IRS regulation code discusses taxation of business in a foreign country, the code states that for a foreign business operating in the United States, the incomes that have been earned from the United States business should be taxed in the United States at the prevailing rate. When calculating the profit that has been earned in a certain period, IRS has some regulations and guidelines that it uses to come up with the final figure. Some elements are not allowable while others are allowable; profit-oriented businesses including hospitals have to comply with the regulations asset. When calculating the value of the stock to use when calculating profits, the IRS recommends that all provisions as adopted in ISA be respected and observed, the reason for the move should be to provide uniformity and comparability of performance among profit-making companies across the globe. Section 501(c)(3); talks about the exemptions that a business is entitled to, this section cuts across and have to be applied in hospital as well as other profit-making organizations. IRS facilitates comparability of financial accounts since a uniform set of accounting policies will have been used to make the accounts. When this is facilitated, a company will be able to compare its national efficiency in different industries when compared with other countries (The Internal Revenue Service, 2007). Using the approach given by IRS regulations, explain the d
Betapharm follows environmentally friendly strategy based on strict norms of corporate social responsibility and social marketing. In order to meet diverse needs and expectations of stakeholders, the company creates corporate social and environmental agenda aimed to support employees and society. Since products are basically means of solving problems for buyers and sellers, physical environment, biological, technological, and cultural forces change them. The very perceptions and interpretations of environmental developments by consumers create product opportunities. Consider the life-style factors influencing product development. Urbanization, leisure, competition, discretionary income, travel, styles, tastes, automobiles, informality, and convenience have led to the emphasis on product form, readiness, packaging, combination, and selection convenience (Drejer, 2002). Betapharm creates its strategy taking into account social / environmental dimension to value the proposition. As a successful company Betapharm perceives its activities through the eyes of consumers. Value in the economy is consumer value, and utility is consumer utility. This power is not an initiating force. Instead, it is a force that reacts to situations originated and developed by business decision makers — manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. Consumers, reacting as a group, eventually approve or reject business decisions, placing management in the uncertain position of predicting consumer reactions (Simchi-Levi et al 2008). For Betapharm, the major responsibility of marketing is to deliver and maintain the highest possible standard of living, to see that products and services offered for sale are those desired by consumers, and to distribute them in the most effective manner possible from the point of view of both consumers and companies. Therefore, the delineation of profitable market segments becomes critical for individual companies. The normal competitive cycle of a business becomes one of programmed innovation and counterinnovation. The stimulus for innovation at any time, however, may be curtailed because of either external or internal resistance. Internal resistance may stem from inertia, lack of capital, fear of countercompetitive consequences, or a host of real or imagined obstacles perceived by company personnel. External resistance, which raises the most substantial barriers, includes consumers’ resistance in the marketplace (Porter, 1985). Betapharm benefits from social agenda which allows it to create a strong brand image and achieve social recognition. Ability indicates market potential, but does not alone automatically mean that a market exists. Willingness, a significant market factor (particularly in an economy of abundance) is cultivated by such components of the marketing mix as advertising, personal selling, product development, brand, image, package, and price. Marketing components thus are significant dimensions of market
Introduction Steered by Terrence Malick, Days of Heaven is an affirmative piece of masterwork, set in the dawn of the twentieth century in America. Malick qualifies in presenting the then weird conditions of America that fueled economical change. The film sets in during a time when industrialization was on the rise. It is a time when people were yearning for the long-awaited days: the days of heaven, when the world was to take a new shape of economy. Marxism theory underscores the theme of this movie that, social conflicts between the rich and the poor fueled the social change that America underwent along her the path to capitalism. Economic Forces Malick successfully creates a picture of a society that bears two categories of people, powerful (the owners) and the powerless (the workers). Abby and her Boyfriend Bill exemplify the powerless class while the wealthy lonely owner of a wheat farm stands in for the powerful lot. This follows since the two poor jobless lovers end up seeking refuge from the rich farmer. According to them, he is more powerful than they are. Worth noting is that the two groups of people are not depicted with equal attention. The powerless class draws lesser attention from the movie compared to the powerful. For instance, Linda says “…we used to roam the streets. There were people suffering of pain and hunger. Some people their tongues were hanging’ out of their mouth” (Malick). These words are symbolic in that, they refer to the poor countries that end up in crises, only for the powerful countries like America to ignore their cries. However, when the reverse occurs, all of them must respond. I admire the Bourgeoisie because this group stays on top of the world watching the others serve under its commands. On the other hand, the proletariat class is subject to sympathy because it has to struggle to cope up with the standards of the former group. In fact, Dirk asserts, “The foreman, riding in a buggy, chides everyone to work hard, while the owner sits in a padded chair in the middle of a field” (Para. 14). The powerful people have their power because they own vast lands and are rich. However, they deny it to others in fear of competition as well as the fear of losing the work force, which they get from the powerless class. Malick symbolically shows a fight between Bill, a worker, and a wealth man to show that this power comes through violence. Materialistic Values Concerning the then distribution of power and wealth,the 1916 setting of this movie tells it all. It pictures America as the only powerful and wealthy nation assuming the front line in World War I. The author provides sufficient evidence of conspicuous consumption. The film is set in a time when electricity and expensive things were rare. ”…the owner
Summary Banks perform the business of buying and selling cash to their customers. The amounts involved in these transactions must be equal to the reserve requirement stipulated for the banks. The reserve requirement is less than the customers’ deposits and is established to ensure that banks do not eat into the pockets of the customers. They can only transact using money that truly belongs to them and a portion of the customers’ deposits. This should support all the net withdrawals that customers can make because customers have the right to take all their deposits. Once the bank obtains deposits from customers, it is allowed to retain the reserve requirement, and the rest of money is saved in a different institution. However, the bank also adds an extra amount of money apart from the money deposited to give it a working reserve. This extra amount of money is required to accommodate cases in which customers withdraw more money than they have deposited. This extra amount may go beyond the reserve requirement which may lead to insufficient funds. Working reserves prevent such occurrences and act as a backup to the reserve requirement. These two make up the primary reserves. Banking is a revenue and profit generating business. These cannot be wholly achieved from the commissions charged for the services given. They use a portion of money not included in the working reserves to invest in treasury securities, which can be liquidated easily if and when required. This money is referred to as the secondary reserve; it serves to increase revenue apart from what is obtained from the primary reserves. This is not an optional activity, but it is a requirement by the banks regulatory agencies. Once some secondary reserves are invested in the treasury securities, the rest of the money is used in lending. Banks cannot lend more than their excess reserves because they risk being insufficient from withdrawals. Lending results in increased money supply, in a nation, and it can be used to increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation. The excess reserves can be obtained either from collecting loans without lending or borrowing money from other banks that have excess reserves. The lending process involves the transfer of money from the excess reserves to the primary reserve. This is to ensure that the increased money in the customers’ account balances is accounted for without altering the primary reserves.