ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Myth of the Latin Woman by Judith Ortiz Cofer centers around the experiences of a Latino woman who has to encounter various forms of stereotypes daily. Diverse and widespread stereotypes about Latino females affect millions of women in the US in various ways since numerous misconceptions undermine their educational and career opportunities. Therefore, Cofer’s personal experience, brightly described in the book, provides a much-needed inspiring example for a broad demographic group. The story begins with an episode in which a drunk man sings “Maria” from the Broadway musical West Side Story to her. This incident that happened to her while she was on a bus trip from Oxford to London is just one of the numerous examples of such an attitude and behavior which she provides in her book. Sui and Paul note that the life of a Latino woman is full of challenges, which are the consequences of some of the stereotypes (275). For instance, Cofer states that it is generally hard for Latino women to dress up for certain occasions due to the cultural clash. Latino girls often do not have many role models except for Latino women. Moreover, some of the numerous stereotypes include the perceptions concerning sexual relationships, career, tastes, and many others. Those biased perceptions directly influence the respective spheres of life of Latino women. What is more, promiscuous stereotypes and some other types of misconceptions expose females to risks? Most of the stereotypes perpetuated regarding Latino women lead to generalization, which leaves little chance to show one’s personality and abilities. Stereotypes often do not allow Latino women to advance in their studies and to be promoted, as the image of them being a service staff or performing a low-pay job is quite widespread. Thus, the experiences provided by Judith Ortiz Cofer in her book help mitigate the consequences of such biased perceptions. The author pinpoints that she was one of the few lucky ones, “privileged to get an education and entries into society” (108). Her long and challenging journey full of both deliberate and unintentional biased and unequal treatment provided her with valuable knowledge that she was brave enough to share. The ability to speak out publicly on such issues and share such a painful experience has always fascinated me. I strongly believe that Judith Ortiz Cofer has significantly contributed to the broader trend of openly discussing and condemning unfair treatment and biased attitudes. Various social groups, including ethnic minorities, are increasingly more active in protecting their rights. The tools used by journalists are instrumental in preventing the spread of misconceptions and minimizing their negative effects. Nevertheless, non-fiction essays such as The Myth of the Latin Woman are essential for turning the ideas into bright and vivid symbols that can be read by the general audience and publicly discussed. Cofer emphasizes the te
Description of the Community The HIV/AIDS epidemic was first identified in Kenya in the early 1980s among commercial social worker population (US Census Bureau 2). Since then, the epidemic has spread to other parts of Kenya, including remote, marginalized areas. The Kenyan government had declared AIDS a national disaster in the year 1999. It is noteworthy that HIV/AIDS control and campaign programs have been relatively successful because of declines in prevalence rates have been noted across the country in both low and high-risk individuals, as well as in urban and remote parts of the country. In addition, population-targeted HIV testing has also shown the decline in the rates of new infections among the public (US Census Bureau 2). Latest data provided by the Population Reference Bureau & UNAIDS (United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS) in 2012 have noted that 1.6 million Kenyans are living with HIV/AIDS. Kenya currently has 44 million people in which 820,000 women aged 15 years old and over have tested HIV/AIDS positive while nearly 200,000 children live with HIV/AIDS based on figures obtained in the year 2012. The HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in “the country is 6.1 percent while deaths related to HIV/AIDS were 57,000 in the year 2012” (Regents of the University of California 1). Although marginal declines in the prevalence rate have been noted over the years, further studies have revealed that new, increased cases of infections have been identified among married couples who were initially not targeted in the health promotion campaigns. This, in turn, affects progresses made and could explain why the prevalence rate has remained the same (6%) since the year 2008 to 2012. A summary of the mini-needs assessment conducted to determine a priority HIV/AIDS in Kenya Studies have established that married couples and other people in more stable relationships have contributed to the highest number (more than 44%) of new HIV/AIDS infection in Kenya (Omanje, Bosire and Mwenda 73). Nevertheless, the UNAIDS report of 2010 had demonstrated that a decline in the rate of new HIV infections in the last decade was generally attributed to behavior changes, changes in social norms and enhanced knowledge on HIV/AIDS. It is estimated that for every ten couple, a partner is most likely to be living with HIV/AIDS. In these marriages and relationships, some couples are not infected. Nevertheless, knowledge of HIV/AIDS among couples in relationships has been a significant source
Businesses are entities that are likely to undergo changes in the course of operation. It is important to note that businesses go through phases and each phase has got its special requirements. For instance when business is starting there is need to ensure that the legal documents are put in place, there is sufficient capital and there are available parties to run the business. Evaluations should be carried out against the stage of business development as well as the prevailing circumstances at that point. As an entrepreneur, one of the main goals of establishing and running a business are to make profit and make the business a success. This implies that in cases where this reason and any other reason are not met then there is need to bring the business to an end. Among many other reasons entrepreneurs bring the business to a close in light of the following reasons, boredom and burnout, lack of operating and growth capital, no heirs to leave the business to, desire for liquidity, aging and health problems and the desire to pursue other interests. In such cases, a strategy is developed by the entrepreneur to enable him or her to gain maximum benefits while ending the particular enterprise. The strategy which is utilized when one is changing or shifting from one enterprise to another is known as an exit strategy. The exit strategy can be defined as a component of a business plan where an entrepreneur describes a method which investors realize tangible return on their investment. Investors will always want to convert their share of the investment into a more “liquid” form, known as liquidity event which refers to the position of the venture for the realization of a cash return for the owners and the investors. This “event” is most often achieved through an initial public offering or a complete sale of the venture. In essence, many entrepreneurs seek to gain or acquire capital through the public markets. This is done through the initial public offering which is used to represent the registered public offering of a company’s securities for the first time. It is important to note that through a capital increase associated with an IPO against cash contributions or through the issuance of shares to private and institutional investors, the company’s capital adequacy is improved all over sudden. With a well planned and professionally structured IPO the company will receive significant cash inflow. In contrast to a credit financing that is subject to regular interest and principal payments, whereby these are of course determined independent of the success results of the company. A case in point is the acquisition of Paypal by eBay. Paypal is a company which is based in America which specializes in e-commerce. It allows payments and money transfers to be made through the internet. This offers the customers alternative ways of transacting money from the traditional methods such as the checks and other paper methods. Paypal had been a service provider of choice until October 3, 2002 when eBay acquired stakes in it. This acquisition cost eBay $1.5 billion. eBay is a San Jose based company which offers its services across the world. This took place when
According to the World Health Organization, approximately seventeen million people die every year as a result of cardiovascular diseases. Out of these diseases, heart attack is the leading killer with astonishing statistics from the United States. The disease claims the lives of more than 0.2 million women every year. Treatment of this heart disorder has become an economic burden, costing more than USD60 million annually. Importantly, myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death in the U.S. (Mayo Clinic Staff 1). Heart attack is also known as Myocardial Infarction, MI. It mainly occurs as a result of the blockage of the coronary artery, emanating from clot blocks (Kumar and Robbins 352). The coronary artery is a vital blood vessel since it feeds the heart muscle with blood. This implies that any form of blood-flow interruption can be a threat to the survival of the victims. Experts have revealed heart attack occurs when there is an imbalance between the supply and demand of oxygen. Most cases of heart attack are never recognized since the manifestation of the disease is sometimes considered to be a different infection. As a result, wrong medication might be administered or one may consider seeking medication when it is too late. As one of the leading causes of death in the world, adoption of preventive measures is essential. It has been found out that a healthy lifestyle is key in lowering the chances of suffering from myocardial infarction. This includes regular exercising, eating a balanced diet and keeping stress at bay (Jevon 1). Although there are several causes of myocardial infarction Atherosclerosis, has been noted as the commonest cause. This refers to a slow process through which small quantities of cholesterol collect in the walls of arteries, affecting the flow of blood to the heart. Deposits of cholesterol are also known to harden the walls of arteries, thus narrowing the lumen, which is important in allowing the flow of blood. Affected arteries may become malfunctioning and unable to supply the body with blood according to its needs (Jevon 15). For example, when one has infected arteries in the leg, it would be manifested through pain in the legs, resulting from blood-flow interruption. This may also cause leg ulcers or delayed healing of wounds found. An interruption of blood-flow to the brain causes damage of the brain or stroke, arising from instant death of brain tissues. While atherosclerosis is a major cause of myocardial infarction, it is important to note that it may fail to show signs and symptoms after a very long time. Additionally, symptoms could be manifested in teenage, even through severe health complications
Cellular wireless networks are now supporting wireless Internet access and other unguided data networking apart from mobile telephony. A cellular system is based on the principle of using an extensive geographical area which is separated into small regions known as the cells. Each cell is assigned a band of frequencies which is rendered by a base station made up of a transmitter, receiver, and control unit. Stallings outlines that adjacent cells are allocated dissimilar frequencies to avoid crosstalk or attenuation. However, a frequency band can be shared by multiple cells or number of users, hence multiple access (2005). The Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a worldwide protocol used for digital cellular transmissions among other multi access systems such as the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). GSM network functions in the 1800 to 1990MHz frequency range and make use of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) concept. According to the International Engineering Consortium (IEC), the three functional components or systems that constitute the GSM architecture are: the network and switching system (SS), the base station system (BSS), and the operation and support system (OSS). The network and switching system performs call dispensation and subscriber-related tasks. The major element of the switching subsystem is the Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC). It acts as a telephony switching center that controls the calls to and from other receivers and data systems, thus providing all the tasks needed to satisfy a mobile subscriber: registration, handovers, validation and call routing to a straying subscriber. The Home Location Register (HLR) element contains all the details about a subscriber to the GSM network, together with the locality of the mobile– it acts as a database; this location is actually in form of the address used for signaling by Visitor Locator Register (VLR) linked with the mobile station. The Equipment Identity Register (EIR) holds the information, thus the IMEI identifies the mobile station. The Base Station System (BSS) is made up of two components; the Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) and base Station Controllers (BSCs) which controls all the radio- associated tasks (International Engineering Consortium). The BTS holds the interface of the radio to the mobile station. It constitutes the transceivers and antennas of the radio device which is required to operate each cell in the GSM network. BSC manages a group of BTSs. The BSC handles the resources of radio for one or several BTSs. The third primary entity of a GSM network is the operation and support system (OSS). This component enables a centralized process, planning and maintenance of the other GSM sub modules. The purpose of this system is to present customers with cost-effective management and operational activities required in the network. The OSS is made up of the Authentication Center (AUC) and the Operational and Maintenance Center (OMC). The AUC generates parameters that are unique to the users through the VLR request and in turn store the various authentication arguments used for mobile validation and user data encryption w
Introduction The report provides a strategic analysis of Estee Lauder, a giant in the cosmetics and skin care company which extensively manufactures and distributes its products in multiple markets globally. The following sections present the background and the history of the company, proving insight into the working of the organization, its existing vision, mission, and strategic objectives. The strengths and the weaknesses of the company have been highlighted along with the identification of the threats and the opportunities that are apparent for the company. The case analysis of the Estee Lauder Company also provides the internal and external evaluation of the company along with the position of the company and the level of competitiveness that it has. Aside from this the following sections also provides an alternate developed vision and mission statements for the company. Recommendations are also provided on how Estee Lauder can improve its strategic position in order to be more effective and efficient in the market while striving to achieve the developed goals vision and mission of the company. Organizational Background The Estee Lauder Companies are based in the United States and are considered as one of the largest conglomerates in the field of beauty and personal care around the world. The Estee Lauder Company was founded by a woman named Estee Lauder in 1946 with “four products and an unshakeable belief: that every woman can be beautiful. Today, more than 60 years later, that simple notion has literally changed the face of the beauty business” (‘About Estee Lauder: Estee Lauder, the woman a life of beauty’, 2009). The Estee Lauder manufactures and sells multiple personal care products that include shampoos, perfumes cosmetics, skin care and hair care products as well as beauty treatment products. The brand names that fall under the Estee Lauder Companies include the bid brand names like Clinique, Aveda, Aramis, M.A.C, American Beauty and Flirt. The company sells it products to the customers through multiple channels of distribution that include the specialty stores, departmental stores, retail outlets, as well as pharmacies and more recently the innovative and technology based world wide web. The company was a privately owned company until 1995 when it became a publicly held group of companies. The Estee Lauder Companies have operations spread out around the world with regional operations in North America, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, Asia as well as Africa. As of 2007, the number of employees that were employed by the company totaled approximately 28,000. As of 2008, the sales of the company topped at a figure of eight billion dollars. Being a successful giant in the personal care and cosmetics industry, the Estee Lauder companies face stiff competition in the market from other companies that are equally powerful as well. These power houses are Proctor and Gamble a multinational consumer
Introduction International human resource has gained a lot of attention among the researchers in the recent past. The world has been reduced into a small village due to technological advancements. Technological advancements, especially in the field of transport and communication have had a massive effect on human resource. Human resource can therefore, move from one geographical location to another with a lot of ease. 1 The improved communication system has also brought about scenarios where a firm can employ individuals who are miles away from the company. It is currently a common phenomenon to find a situation where an Australian company employs an Indian staying in India as a customer service officer who receives calls and give direction to customers on phone. This has resulted in what is popularly referred to as international human resource management. 2 There is need to manage employees beyond the borders. This is especially so when it comes to globalized firms which have operations going beyond the borders of the parent country. The world is experiencing radical changes in the labor environment. International human resource management globally is an area that is vital and requires special attention for it is the backbone of all sectors of the economy of any given country. 3 This has become one of the legislative areas, calling for many political leaders to spend much of their time and brains in finding solutions to issues that emanate from work and labor. In search for the same, countries like the Australia have established several education centers that aim at expanding public understanding on important issues affecting the working group. In these institutions they admit under graduate who take studies in areas related to human resource management. In Australia, laws have been enacted to guide the labor market. Managing employees in this century needs an understanding of various societal factors within the organization. It is important to understand different social settings of different employees in order to be able to understand their behavior within the organization. Understanding organizational behavior is the key to having employees working as a unit. Managing and Developing Employees in International Setting The current world is experiencing a lot of changes in the labor market. The competition in the international labor market is becoming stiff each day. 4 Globally, technology has posed both positive and negative impacts in the global labor market. Although it has made the work easier, it has again replaced the human labor that is vital in the world market. 5 Economically, international or local trade is the backbone of any stable nation. In the working environment, employees have been faced with several challenges that need to be addressed by any nation seeking to compete in the world market. It is important to understand how both the expatriate and local emp
Introduction The word “extinction” refers to the sudden end of a living organism (or species). According to Hallam (27), scientists argue that many species will become extinct in the next 1000 years. Extinction is a major challenge because it can affect any species or group of organisms. It would be necessary for human beings to understand the major causes of extinction. This understanding will encourage people to conserve the environment and eventually reduce the major causes of extinction. For very many years, ecologists and biologists have argued that the main cause of extinction is the animals’ inability to cope with the changing environmental conditions and increasing competition from other organisms. However, the outstanding fact is that human actions such as pollution, destruction of habitats, and poaching (among others) are the three leading causes of animal extinction. This paper examines the leading causes of extinction. How Do Animals Become Extinct? History shows that many animal species have become extinct without chances of reappearance. Scientists have conducted numerous studies and researches to understand how (and why) animals become extinct. Human beings use different animals for food, wool, and transportation (McKenzie 58). In the recent past, man has realized that some animals such as elephants, leopards, snakes, and rhinos can give them a lot of money. This fact explains why many animals are facing a major threat today. There are high chances of extinction today than ever before. This discussion shows clearly that competition from other animals cannot be the only reason why animals become extinct. That being the case, it would be necessary to explore all the reasons why animals become extinct. Many people know that animals become extinct when they are unable to cope with competition in their environment. However, recent studies have indicated that a slight climatic change can affect many animal species. Modern studies show that human actions have contributed a lot to the current environmental degradation and climatic changes. Human beings have always emitted different types of greenhouses gases. According to Chiras (35), these gases play a significant role in the current global temperatures. Such changes continue to affect the sustainability of the universe. This is a clear explanation that human actions have destroyed the universe. The argument that animals become extinct after they find it hard to cope with competition in their respective ecological zones is wrong (Hallam 29). Animals can also become extinct because of increased pollution. Human beings are the leading sources of pollution. Human activities such as agriculture, mining, and transportation have contributed a lot to global pollution (Chiras, 59). Such activities are capable of emitting acidic gases, smoke, solid wastes, and toxic compounds. The ecosystem absorbs most of these toxic compounds thus affecting many animal species.