ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Differences between the Terms “Cultural Diversity” and “Racial Diversity” Cultural diversity is a principle that recognizes and legitimizes cultural differences between different human groups and the existence, coexistence, and interaction between different cultures within one geographical area. Due to cultural diversity, one can appreciate different artistic expressions of a city, country, or region, which in turn have been altered or influenced by cultural expressions from other areas due to various factors (Levrau & Loobuyck, 2018). Therefore, the concept of cultural diversity is closely linked to the meanings of cultural identity and multiculturalism, which involve contact between different languages, ethnic groups, and worldviews, among others. Unlike cultural diversity, racial diversity is the principle that determines the difference between certain nationalities and hereditary physical traits. Due to racial diversity, it is easy to decide on the origin of a person (Levrau & Loobuyck, 2018). The benefit or value to the criminal justice system in recognizing these differences is that Police agencies, which have employees of different cultures and nationalities, have greater trust among citizens. Multiculturalism also helps police share experiences. Challenges that Law Enforcement Officials May Face as a Result of Diverse Communities Often law enforcement officials from diverse communities have different values ​​and opinions. Such diversity of views can significantly affect the resolution of a controversial issue. Misunderstandings at work significantly affect the quality of performance of duties. Therefore, it is essential to listen to the opinion of another and argue the point of view. Also, law enforcement officials from diverse communities have hiring barriers, as law enforcement agencies have strict medical and educational requirements before hiring (Levrau & Loobuyck, 2018). Sometimes a denial of employment due to racial differences can provoke severe psychological trauma (Levrau & Loobuyck, 2018). Often, people cannot fulfill all the conditions due to cultural or racial diversity due to the organism’s physical characteristics or due to another education system.
Summary of the Article “The Impact of E-CRM on Organizational and Individual Behaviour: The Effect of the Remuneration and Reward System” is the article under consideration, written by a PhD student in the sphere of business administration, Soumaya Ben Letaifa, and a professor of marketing, Jean Perrien. This work presents a thorough analysis of how exactly electronic customer relationship management (E-CRM) may influence organizational and even individual behaviour. The writers of this article choose Canadian banks with their own custom-driven culture to conduct this research. The article starts with a proper theoretical material that explains the essence of the CRM shift and then introduces methodology of research and its results. The authors underline that the evaluation system and employee rewards are forgotten (Letaifa & Perrien, 2007, p. 13), this is why it is crucially important to offer a new, really effective electronic customer relationship management to improve the current state of affairs at banks. Electronic Customer Relationship Management and Its Essence The creation of any strategy that may touch customer relationship management is a very significant step for any manager, as it requires proper level of knowledge, abilities to listen and evaluate, and be able to grow (Rajola, 2003). Moreover, the relationships between a company and customers should point out the strategic evaluation of further development of relationships. For this purpose the communication within a company should be supported with principles of CRM along with knowledge and collaboration management. The authors of the article under consideration focus on these aspects and underline the necessity to focus on customer and marketing segmentation in order to achieve good results while implementing any market-oriented strategy. Marketing research, in particular, helps to predict possible risks and dangers for a company in the long or short run. Anyway, CRM is a kind of business strategy; this is why implementations in the sphere of technology only will not be effective at all. As a result, it can be said that E-CRM may have certain impact on both individual and organizational behaviour. When one step in the chosen management strategy is taken correctly, it is possible to take another one; only under such conditions positive outcomes will be observed, and one satisfied customer will certainly bring three more customers to use the same service (Raab et al., 2008). Furthermore, the necessity to protect informational technologies of a company is a great concern, which can serve than as an additional guarantee for constructive elaboration of internal and external relationships. To comprehend better the
Abstract The applications of cross-docking have been widely implemented by distribution centres (DC) in western developed countries, especially in retail industry due to its benefits. The advantages include reduction of inventory carrying costs, enhancing the product range, combining the shipments and improving customer satisfaction. In contrast, the use of cross-docking in China is relatively limited. For example, there are only a few retail goods DC that are practicing cross-docking in China. Despite the growing awareness and potential benefits of cross-docking, many distribution centres in China are still unwilling to adopt cross-docking because of several reasons and barriers. This research aimed to answer the questions: When and in what circumstances should cross-docking be implemented? What challenges and barriers do distribution centres in China face? Through case studies on six distribution centres in China, this research essay will examine and discuss the challenges and successes experienced by distribution centres in China. P rimary data collection method was qualitative, namely through interviewing managers and decision makers of the chosen DCs, specifically on their doubts on implementing cross-docking, the difficulties they faced in the implementation process and the success of cross-docking implementation, if any. Data from annual reports and published documents was also used. This research explored to what extent cross-docking is suitable for DCs in retail industry in China, provided the means to understand the benefits of cross-docking assessed the current status of DCs in China and identified various cross-docking requirements. In addition, this research aimed to fill in the knowledge and data gap that is necessary in analysing the current utilization of cross-docking in China by acquiring DC managers’ opinions on cross-docking. Publication of this research would benefit DCs in China, as this research will help managers better understand the technicality and benefits of cross-docking and will make them more competitive in terms of cost efficiency and customer service standards. The success of cross-docking implementation by DCs in China could improve trust and information sharing among suppliers and manufacturers, which could in turn improve supply chain management as a whole. Introduction It is well known that cross-docking used in Wal-Mart has achieved great effect. Wal-Mart’s achieved economy of scale and by purchasing goods by full truckloads, it has avoided unnecessary inventory and handling costs (Stalk and Lachenauer, 2004). Wal-Mart is the first logistics company that established ‘cross-docking’ warehousing and has redefined supply chain management (Stalk and Lachenauer, 2004). In a typical cross-docking system, goods arriving at a DC from manufacturers are directly delivered to retailers with very little or no time in storage. By not storing inventory, logistic operations become significantly more cost-effective (Reyes, 2006). Various studies have s
Visual arts “have declined within the past 40 years” (Paglia 1). The world of art has not received any great painting or sculpture in the recent past. Our world lacks creative sculptors and painters. Our universities have become the patrons of creative arts. Many faculties in these universities support different works of art (Paglia 2). Such universities equip learners with new skills and competencies in order to become professional artists. Many students have embraced such ideas in order to achieve their goals. Such learners have worked hard to become professional artists. Many faculties have equipped their students with competencies to become professional architects and planners. The field of architecture continues to produce magnificent buildings, structures, and landscapes. A good example is the London Aquatic Center. Zaha Hadid designed and produced this architectural structure. Our universities are also supporting flexibility and dynamism. Many students have also become competent artists. According to Corris (10), “such students produce new designs that lack cant and ideology”. Our colleges are focusing on every economical aspect in order to produce competitive works of art. New technological developments and magnificent buildings are surrounding us everywhere. Such works of art have changed our world completely. Many learners are embracing such artworks in order to fulfill their goals (Corris 11). Our colleges possess the necessary resources and mechanisms towards changing the world of art. Our universities should embrace every fine art. Every economic change can affect the future of our fine arts. The important thing is to change this focus in order to produce better paintings and sculptures. The approach will also produce creative artists who can give the world of art a better meaning. The practice will produce great artworks such as Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Last Supper”. In conclusion, our economic goals should not determine the future of art. Works Cited Corris, Michael. “The Economy of Art.” Art Monthly 327.1 (2009):9-12. Print. Paglia, Camille. “How Capitalism Can Save Art.” The Wall Street Journal 1.1 (2012): 1-3. Print.
Introduction The play “Fences”, written by August Wilson, is the author’s most popular work. It revolves around the Maxson family; their lives as well as their relationships. The play was written in the year 1983 and it was from this work that the author earned his first “Pulitzer Prize” (Bradford Para1). In the play, Troy Maxson is the protagonist. It commences with a sociable conversation between Troy and Bono during the payday. In this talk, Troy narrates about the way he was inquiring from his boss by the name Mr. Rand about the reasons why the blacks were not permitted to become drivers of the garbage trucks. Later in the play, the affair which Troy engaged in with a lady known as Alberta is exposed. However, the existence of Alberta is only known to us, as readers, during the time she is pregnant and in the course of her death when she is giving birth to her daughter, Raynell, the product of the illicit relationship. In the last act of the play, Raynell is seven years of age and she is happy. Her brother, Cory, the Son of Troy returns from war and is unhappy and does not accept to attend the funeral of the father because of the bitter feeling he had held for long. August Wilson’s “Fences” makes us, as readers, to rethink about the position that is held by the African American in regard to the political and cultural contexts at different points in history; and the character of Troy aims to remove the social stereotype linked with particular African American men’s being lazy, irresponsibility and lack of purpose. Troy’s Character In a similar manner as a large number of other tragic heroes, Troy engages in doing what he believes are the right things to do. Although those around him caution him, making him to be aware of the fact that the things he does or wants to do have tragic outcomes, he does not listen to them but goes ahead to follow his own illusions. Sometimes he ends up “missing the mark”. An illustration of the way Troy “misses the mark” in the play is by considering his relationship with the son, Cory. The son, just like the father, loves sports. This son is chosen to have a college “football scholarship” and this makes Cory to be filled with joy. On the contrary, Troy is not happy with this and stands against everything and does not want the son to go off to play this game. This discouragement from Troy results from the fact that he was not allowed playing “pro baseball” in his life. He insists on preventing the son from going to play football basing on the reason that he was not ready to see his son go through a similar heartache that he went through himself. People around him try to convince him with an intention of letting him to know that these are new times and therefore Cory will be in a better position. For instance, his wife says, “they got lots of colored boys playing ball now…baseball and football” (1.1.76). Bono, his friend tells him, “times have changed, Troy, you just come along
Recent years showed that there is a tight connection between the educational system and the judicial one. The school-to-prison pipeline is a disturbing process of incarceration of schoolers or those who just graduated for the misdemeanor. Once schoolers are engaged with law enforcement, they are at risk of being suspended or even expelled from school. Moreover, transgressions often lead to dealing with the juvenile criminal justice department. Manny schools suggested a program of “zero tolerance,” implying a strict regulation that bans socially deviant behavior and possessing forbidden items considered undesirable at some schools. Even though such programs as “zero tolerance” are applied to maintain school safety, they are destructive concerning the education of one student and should put a stop to this pipeline by implementing anti-arrest programs. Initially, policymakers do not intend to harm adolescents but see their objective as establishing focus on education. According to Mallett (2015), “In many schools, these policies are supported and reinforced through the use of security guards, metal detectors, police officers working in the building, and surveillance by cameras” (p.18). Nevertheless, at the same time, schools create an atmosphere that launches the pipeline: overcrowded classrooms, low-qualified staff, lack of specialists. Thus, dropouts and suspensions are conditioned by the failure to meet educational needs. Schools that are unable to handle the disorder impose penalties encouraging expulsion and leading to a higher level of school violence. Besides, school is the other important site of socialization, after family, where children and teenagers learn social norms, interact, and get acquainted with moral stances. Therefore, banishing students from schools leads to an immediate change of pace and destroys this formative process. Kids who were removed from the school environment return into the unhealthy surroundings that somewhat deteriorate their behavior instead of meliorating it. Moreover, removed schoolers are likely to engage in criminal activity with those who were subjected to expulsion earlier. To prevent such cases, the majority of schools provide police surveillance. Evidently, police officers may impose counterproductive supervision over the students because additional warnings on misconduct have an adverse effect on educational goals. To avoid strict punishment, some of the states create special programs. According to Haney-Caron (2016), the Philadelphian authorities created a program that provides diverted students with preventive services to fix the situation so that the arrest level reduces. The application of social services implies keeping the youths out of the judicial system if they commit low-level crimes to leave them at school instead of sending them to prison. Finally, adolescents expelled from schools are at risk of being stigmatized by the
Introduction Sensory research provides essential information for developing products that meet the interests and preferences of the target market segment. It allows marketers to optimize a product’s features in order to meet consumer needs and boost sales. Consumers like products that meet their expectations and interests. Thus, product development that is based on sensory research increases product ‘likeability’, which translates into more sales. Sensory research refers to a form of marketing research that quantifies consumer’s reactions (sensory experiences) to an external stimulus (product) (Burns & Bush, 2010). Sensory analysis helps marketers to understand the impact of product features on the customers and manipulate them to meet predicted consumer tastes and preferences in order to increase sales. M&D Research intends to conduct a sensory research to determine opportunities for the growth the Trojan condom brand in the US market. Trojan markets popular condom brands. However, barriers, such as fearless attitude towards STDs among the at-risk groups, limit condom use in this market. Therefore, the aim of M&D’s sensory research is to unravel the consumer beliefs that affect the use of condom products in order to inform new product development and marketing. This paper reviews the questionnaire that used in M&D research to determine its capacity to collect sensory data to guide the development of Trojan brand products. Variables to be Measured M&D research seeks to understand the sensory stimulus of customers by examining “hedonic aspects of product liking” that drive product consumption (Kotler, 1999). Thus, M&D research will attempt to measure variables (sensory qualities) associated with ‘liking’ or sensory stimulus. It will measure ‘product liking’ variables such as scent/fragrance, appearance (visual), and auditory attributes (brand name). Analysis of the data collected can give statistically significant information about consumer expectations, which would guide product development. Appropriateness of the Questions The questions in the questionnaire focus on the attributes of the product (Trojan brand) that influence ‘product liking’. They probe on aspects of ‘attribute’ liking and intensity, which will help define the variables measured in the study, including scent, appearance, auditory attributes. Thus, the questions are relevant to the measurements of the research. However, the open-ended questions used may not give desired feedback about ‘likes and dislikes’ as most customers provide ambiguous responses. Phrasing of the Questions The questionnaire contains structured questions based on a nominal rank of the consumers’ preferences. Good survey questions must be well phrased so that respondents can understand and interpret them correctly (Lindstrom, 2005). In M&D In-Store Fragrance Test Questionnaire, most of the questions clear to the respondents. The questions on ethnicity/race, age, and ‘fragranced’ products, among others, give a range of options (nominal order). This eliminates ambiguity, as it makes it e
Whenever a crow finds a piece of meat it shouts to the top of its voice, calls its friends, and then eats his bread. It is unethical for a crow to eat alone. Ethics has received due importance since the advent of humankind that God has taught each of its creatures to follow them. Today, it has lost its meaning, especially in business world. Business ethics is a set of ideas and principles that each person associated with a particular business needs to follow in order to earn a fair and just income. It is easier said than done. In this fast growing world, each and every man encounters situation where a decision has to be taken – a decision that on one hand, demands honesty and good conduct and hard work, whereas, on other hand, it gives many ‘easy ways’ of attaining ‘success’. There are people who go to gym to give their muscles good tone and people who suffer from marasmus and kwashikor (diseases in which muscles are not built due to protein deficiency). For a fish to survive, it has to feed itself onto other fish’s babies. If ethics are in nature than using others for personal, benefit is also in nature! What is right and wrong is remained an unanswered question! Let us begin by talking about the snacks industry. Each year, chips, biscuits, soft drinks, sweets and chocolate industry earns millions of dollars. There will hardly be any man on earth who will claim that he does not like eating these. Moreover, most of the people know that these bring with it many associated health problems, yet they consume it keeping their health at stake. Snacks are not the necessity of life. According to the World Bank, there will be severe poverty by 2015 in the world, if investments are not made in agriculture industry. Why is this happening? It is because that the advertisements we see affects a lot. Drinking a particular drink will bring a beautiful woman, a BMW and lots more with it. Is it ethical to play with the psychology of the consumers and coerce them to buy these products? How will they earn? It is surely impractical to change an occupation or profession. Today, when at most places many unethical practices are prevalent, pressure is being laid upon being as ethical as possible. There are several agencies, which keeps a check on quality of products and information given on the labels. However, what does it take to remove a label and replace it or probably change the expiry date? Fruit juices, which remain unsold and expired on the shelf of developed countries, are exported to developing countries with expiry date either erased or changed. These mil