ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Major confrontations as the signs of a shift in cultural perspectives and attitudes have always defined the development of art, the Vietnam War being one of the infamous examples of the phenomenon. Its effects were reflected in countless artworks, including painting, sculpture, and architecture, to name just a few. Maya Lin’s artistic legacy takes a vital place in the pantheon of art pieces that have been created as a cultural response to the Vietnam War. However, despite the innocent intention of honoring everyone who died in the Vietnam War, the memorial as an art piece and a cultural legacy has faced stark criticism (“Maya Lin and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial”). Although the artwork has been established as apolitical quite unambiguously, several people continue to seek out political messages in it, which leads to the misrepresentation of the initial positive message. Thus, the issues of social unrest and the spirit of freedom that people manage to uphold during oppression and war, as well as the impact of the latter two on art, have been reflected in the memorial and the response to it quite clearly. The specified phenomenon affects one as a designer to a significant degree since it imposes limitations on creative expression as artists fear unintentionally creating an ambiguous art piece. Although, as a jewelry designer, one might consider oneself removed from the specified argument, the limitations forced upon art trickle into the specified area as well. For example, the cost of the materials for an art piece may be deemed as inconsistent with the message that it tries to purport. In addition, the symbolism of specific materials, namely, gemstones, may create controversy, especially in a multicultural context, where different materials may be symbolic of strikingly different notions. Thus, it is important to support freedom of artistic expression and incorporate an artist’s intentions into its analysis. Work Cited “Maya Lin and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.” EverydayCitizen.com , 2006, Web.
Introduction The use of health information technology is associated with better health outcomes. With the aim of improving the efficiency and quality of healthcare organizations, the American government is stressing the importance of using health informatics including electronic health records to improve patient care (Yanamadala et al. 1). Public health informatics (PHI) is the field that optimizes the utilization of information with the purpose of improving individual and community health, health policy, health and biomedical services, and public health practices (Edmunds et al. 4). It operates the intersection of computer science and public health. The use of health informatics impacts population life expectancies in different ways. PHI and Vaccination Coverage One of the ways through which PHI impacts life expectancies is through its influence on childhood immunization. Au et al. explain that childhood vaccination rates are a significant determinant of pediatric care, which further determines the health of communities and mortality rates due to infections that can be prevented through immunizations (222). The use of health informatics in childhood vaccination has shown marked improvements in vaccination coverage, which is associated with reduced mortality rates and improved lifespan. Electronic immunization data facilitates the real-time or rapid identification of children requiring vaccines on a large scale compared to chart reviews (Stockwell and Fiks 1803). Additionally, most parents do not have complete records to reveal whether or not their children strictly receive vaccinations following the recommended guidelines, partly because of visiting more than one health care facility (Stockwell and Fiks 1803). The use of health informatics can eliminate the issue of having scanty records (Savel and Foldy 21). All the immunization data is put in one system that can be accessed in all care providing facilities. As a result, vaccination discrepancies are eliminated, and the immunization history of all children can be accessed by taking appropriate action. PHI on Notifications and Health Information Further, electronic records can be utilized in alerting both the parents, clinicians, and the general public to increase adherence to vaccinations, treatments, and healthy behaviors. Together with clinical alerts that are flexible and tailored, vaccination coverage in the United States has expanded to improve herd immunity against infections (Stockwell and Fiks 1804). Moreover, alerting clinicians, parents and the health system can help in identifying the level of adherence to vaccination in the society, which has facilitated public campaigns on the need to follow immunization schedules (Stockwell and Fiks 1804). The result is the improved immunity of the public against preventable infectious diseases resulting in improved lifespans and reduced mortality rates. Also, notifications and health information sharing through the use of emails, and smartphone calls and messages have reduced healthcare barriers, improved healthy lifestyles, and reduced emergency visits (Nyamawe and Seif 40). For instance, mobile technologies have b
Conrad Gesner Conrad Gesner was born on 26 th March 1526 in Zurich, Switzerland. His father passed on when a plane he was boarding clashed in 1531. Conrad went to the University of Strassburg where he showed superior linguistic ability and curiosity in nature. He later studied medicine in Basel and in 1537 became a Professor in the Greek language at Lausanne and compiled up a dictionary in Greek. He later joined Montepellier and became a therapeutic doctor. Later, Conrad became a Physics lecturer at Collegium Carolinium (Petroski 78). During the Renaissance era, he worked on a full review of nature. His colossal Historia animalium was a demonstration of the information bank of the whole realm of breathing living things: flora and fauna. In the year 1551 through 1555, he wrote his first best-half language warranting Mithridates. In 1565, an epidemic in the form of Pulmonic Bubonic invaded Zurich and he succumbed on 13 th December of the same year. Pencil Invention The first pencil was devised in the year 1564 after a vast graphite mine was revealed in Borrowdale, United Kingdom. The clean graphite was stitched into panes and thereafter severed into rectangular bars. The graphite bars were placed into hand-carved stiff vessels made from wood, thus making pencils. In 1565, Professor Gesner became the first person who documented the pencil. The United Kingdom had domination over the making of pencils as no other untainted graphite mines were identified and no one knew how to make graphite sticks. Before the middle of the 1500s, pencils comprised slender poles made of supple lead and were mainly utilized by artists (Petroski 89). Adipose Tissue Conrad was the first person to identify adipose tissue in 1551. Adipose tissue is a slack linking tissue made of adipocytes. In theory, it is made up of approximately 80% fat and its most important function is storing energy in a fat state. In addition, it safeguards and shields the body. There are two categories of these tissues namely the white which was documented first and brown tissue. The development of adipose tissue is considered to be managed by the adipose gene (Brummitt 25). Importance of Conrad Gesner to Modern Civilization Conrad Gesner was vital in modern civilization since his zoological work, Historia Animalium, became the starting point of modern zoology. He also contributed a lot to the evolution of many languages of the world due to his vast curiosity in linguistics. For example, his book “Mithridatis de Different Lingus”, was written in over 130 languages. Moreover, he appeared on fifty Swiss Francs that were circulated between 1978 and 1994 and was partially liable for insectorum, sive and Minimorum Theatrum which means the theatre of insects. Importance of Pencil to Modern Civilization Pencils have brought many tremendous changes in the modern world. Life without a pencil was rather tedious and therefore the pencil came in handy. For instance, the pencil has changed the field of art to a great extent. Today, pencils are used by many artis
Introduction In past times diseases were one of the main mortality factors among population. People knew few information about progress of disease, its symptoms and main agents. Without knowledge of these factors, doctors of the past were not able to treat their patients and they died. Fortunately, nowadays things have changed and humanity knows a lot about diseases which threaten it. This knowledge was obtained with the help of disease ecology. “Disease ecology is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field that necessarily involves the disciplines of microbiology, ecology, genetics, geography, medicine, mathematics and epidemiology to better understand how climate and environment affects the interaction between hosts and pathogen” (“What is disease ecology?” para. 3). This fast developing science serves humanity to overcome illnesses and find some possible treatments for all diseases we know. Disease Ecology Definition To investigate all factors which influence the development of disease and its treatment, disease ecology has a great number of different methods. Disease diagnosis is one of them. It can be called one of the most ancient and most important methods. A doctor should know what makes his patient suffer and the process of this recognition was called diagnosis by ancient Greeks. (“Diagnosis” para.1). Treatment of any disease starts with the determination of symptoms. Doctors used different remedies to gather information better. The first and obvious way was to examine the patient, looking for some visible signs of disease as it can tell a lot about its nature. It is one of the most available methods and even nowadays it is the first thing doctors do while having a new patient. However, doctors toolkit has significantly grown in last years and now healers use a great variety of different complicated instruments in order to make exact diagnosis. Blood analysis is one of these methods. It can serve as an example of development of medical thought. It has been in usage for a long period of time. However, it has also been developing. Present blood test can show a doctor great range of different factors which influence the patient and help to make diagnosis. It even allows to notice some genetic defects and it was impossible in recent past. Of course there is a great number of other methods and instruments which help doctors such as stethoscopes, microscopes and X-ray
Introduction A conspiracy theory refers to a set of circumstances or event explanations that result from powerful groups’ secret plots. Conspiracy originates from an occurrence of an organized crime. Additionally, conspiracy theories are prevalent during widespread periods of anxiety or hardships, including economic depressions, political assassinations, elections, the 9/11 attack, and permanent war. This paper focuses on the critical analysis of conspiracies in society using Power Elite and State Crimes against Society theories applied to modern historical events with cultural, social-psychological, public propaganda, and power perspectives. Main body Public administrations utilize conspiracies in the generation and establishment of policies in the societal progression. The situation entails State crimes against democracy (SCAD) theories that implicate the government insiders’ actions and inactions concerning the intentions of manipulating democratic processes and undermining popular sovereignty. The high office SCADs are challenging to detect or face persecution due to compartmentalization and complexity. The conflicts of interest usually compromise investigations as well as the powerful norms that discourage speculations. Conspiracy theory in conceptual history is a distinctive approach that came into being in the 2nd half of the 19th century as a linguistic change in society. This aspect was a result of the societies’ drastic transformations. During the 1880s, conspiracy theory became prominent as a need to explain the assassination of President Garfield, who succumbed after shot injuries. The second part of the 20th century emerged with the depiction of conspiracy theories under the speculations of multiple crime perpetrators in the increased assassinations. National security utilizes propaganda and misinformation to achieve policy goals. Misinformation entails untrue information, while propaganda generates data that may be true or false and unfavorable to public support’s opposing points of view. Propaganda and misinformation comprise three elements including, message, audience, and medium of communication. The medium and message elements work hand in hand. Through the utilization of news platforms and social media, the medium and message features ensure viral content optimization and information delivery to a mass audience. Distinctive aspects of propaganda and misinformation to the public create several conditions, including fear, anger, and uncertainties that enhance the viral generation. With the advanced technology and social media expansion, the government exploits them to implement national security policies. The policy perspectives constitute political, educational institutions, and economic and personal relationship endeavors
The World War II, which occurred towards the end of the first half of the twentieth century, is important for the history of the United States. The consequences of the war had an impact on the political affairs of the world and resulted in a major change of the course of the history of the world. The majority of the powerful nations in the world participated in the combat that was categorized into two conflicting military coalitions: the Axis and the Allies. During World War II, there was a massive engagement of army recruits and at the end of the war, there were many casualties, consisting mainly of civilians. As such, the war was the most extensive and severest battles in the history of humankind. Because of these, the memories of the bloody battle still linger in the thoughts of most individuals who participated in the combat in one way or the other. Specifically, in my interview with a former United States soldier, called Andrew Livingstone, who was engaged in the battle at only eighteen years old, I have learnt a lot about the history of the country during this period of battle. Similar to the account in most historic books, Andrew told me that the war began on September 1, 1939. In my interview with him, I asked him if he knew any causes of the historic conflict. He said, “I cannot really remember many reasons that spurred the conflict to start; however, the major one I remember was due to the Prussian militarism that developed for close to two hundred years.” He explained that this power made Germany to be influential and gave the opportunity for a madman and a gimmick in politics, like Adolf Hitler, to have a domineering influence in the affairs of the world, especially after the Germans wer
The type of materials that was once used in construction of structures that people used to live in among the Maori people was the things that they would find readily available in the swamps as well as the forests. They would gather up all their building materials after sifting through what they needed. This mainly consisted of grass, reeds bark from trees as well as wood. The first people to get there from foreign lands were taught how to put up their structures using various natural materials. The use of other types of building materials such as bricks was not been embraced. The forest cover was quite extensive and this ensured that the supply of wood and bark as well as other materials used in construction was inexhaustible. The structures that the people put up were made of wood on the inside as well as the outside. The inner sides of the walls were made of large pieces of wood which was mostly covered in a textile that was woven. This material was called scrim. The outermost layer was wallpaper. The roofs of their shelters which were formed from wooden material were draughty and when it rained, the effects were felt on the inside with the rain dripping into the shelters. Pegs that were made from wood were used to hold the joints fast together. It is good to try and maintain the conventional lifestyle that was once the main style of living. One of the styles that one ought to try and consider is living in a Samoan Fale. The types of structures are very simple to come up with since everything is straight forward. The materials do not require a lot of work to acquire the right ones. Getting the wood is almost the easiest part of it. The good thing about this types of structures is that they are open and do not entail a lot of details. The structure consists of an open room that is very easily accessible. There are also no windows to the structure which is one feature that makes it quite unique. The whole idea behind the construction of these structures is to have an open but enclosed area. It gives one plenty of space to move around. The space is suitable for people who may be claustr4phobic. It is also suitable for the people who like to have a lot of freedom. The structure enables one to move around without any obstruction of sorts that may normally interrupt people’s movement. The floors are simple and do not entail the complex materials that are used to construct the more contemporary houses. In general, it can be argued that apart from missing the luxuries that contemporary homes offer one, a Samoan Fale offers a sense of freedom that can only be found there. An individual can relax and take time off to reflect on issue that may be affecting their lives while resting in a Fale. This is unlike a modern home which gives one the feeling of being enclosed within the confines of walls which may act as a lock out mechanism. The feeling of locking out the world from ones self is normally associated with depression. The Samoan Fale can help one avoid depression by getting them to feel like they are par
Outline Thesis statement: Aristotle discussed much about happiness in society and how it could be achieved. This paper examines whether the ideas of Aristotle can be achieved through application of Friedman’s ideas on corporate social responsibility. It is established that Aristotle’s ideas are compatible to those of Friedman. Analogy of Aristotle’s ideas to those of Friedman Aristotle is one of the classical philosophers who tried to understand society at his time. Most philosophers analyzed social, economic and political events. Just like Plato, Aristotle was trying to conceptualize justice in society by trying to understand leadership patterns. He was much concerned about who should rule in society. He also evaluated factors that facilitated happiness. Aristotle observed that justice, which is achieved through the rule of law, is a human virtue that has to be observed and treated with high esteem. Aristotle was a close friend of Plato but he did not believe in socialism where men shared property in society, including women. He also differed with Plato over who should rule. While Plato argued that the best should rule in society, having attained high education, Aristotle argued that the rule of law should always be embraced. Aristotle believed that the rule of men would not guarantee better governance in society. To Aristotle, the rule of law should always be given precedence. In the same line of thinking, Friedman argues that corporate social responsibility is mere propaganda exercised by multinational corporations and organizations whose main agenda is to further selfish interests (Friedman, 1970). The philosopher observes that most businesses purport to support free enterprise by arguing that organizations and corporations are not simply concerned about profit making but are also keen on promoting desirable social values. In other words, business executives assume that corporations have social conscience since they promote social services such as employment, equality and environmental conservation. By doing this, huge corporations and organizations would be promoting socialism, which is completely impossible according to Friedman. It is from this analysis that Friedman observes that only individuals, who might be business proprietors or executives, have social responsibilities. Friedman underscores the fact that businesses cannot exist without the owners or executives (Friedman, 1970). In this regard, the owner of the business has a direct responsibility to employees. Employees are required to operate according to the desires and wishes of the directors of the company. Friedman observes that a conflict of interest emerges between the owner of the business and employees. The owner wishes to maximum profits while employees demand better pay and advanced working conditions. Both workers and employees are guided by the law and ethical values. The owner of the business must exercise openness
Since the period of Reformation in England, the church ranked first among the institutions known for practicing corruption. At this, the church itself was supposed to object corruption as such because its position in the matter of corruption initially was opposing: “Ye shall not offer unto the LORD that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut; neither shall ye make any offering thereof in your land. Neither from a stranger’s hand shall ye offer the bread of your God of any of these; because their corruption is in them, and blemishes are in them: they shall not be accepted for you” (New York Bible Society & British and Foreign Bible Society, 168). Some people argue that that most of the actions of the church in the course of its development cannot be regarded as corruptive whereas others state that the desire of the church to enrich itself at the cost of believers without any doubt deserved criticism. It is necessary to reveal certain examples from the history of corruption development in church in order to find out whether the corruption indeed took place back then. To begin with, some attention should be paid to the corruption of the medieval church. During the Middle Ages, the cases of clerical abuses were rather frequent. Indulgencies were the most observable form of corruption because most believers were ready to pay money in order to cleanse themselves from sins. At this period of time the popes led luxurious lifestyles this is why they badly needed money to live the way they used to. Not only indulgencies were widespread but simony, the sale of the church items in order to gain money for church, and repentance in the sins through pilgrimages to the sites of relics and charging people who wanted to see the relics could also be observed. Moreover, some other historical realities, such as papacy in Avignon testify to the presence of corruption in the medieval church. The papacy which resided in Avignon is often treated as degeneration of medieval papacy because nepotism among Avignon popes for the purpose of the curia was quite common. With time political prestige of the papacy resulted in the struggle between French and Italian cardinals which made the popes introduce certain reforms to abolish or at least reduce clerical abuses. This period of history is also characterized by ruling of Clement V who brought the church finances into a disastrous state and Benedict XI’s attempts to end malpractice, corruption and nepotism among the clergy. And finall