ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Way It All Began: Foster’s Biography The world is full of wonderful things that people can watch and admire. And as they watch, they feel the urge to create something on their own to compete with nature. We must admit that though there is no way to win this competition, some people have achieved a certain result in making the world look brighter. Norman Foster is one of those lucky people. He has rather an ordinary background, not the one of a millionaire’s heir, and neither poverty that rose from the ashes to the top of the modern world. His parents, a school teacher, and a factory worker gave him the best of upbringing that they could. He studied in grammar school and a private school for a while, but then h had to earn the money on his own, and there was no way for him to combine both studying and working. That was a tough period in his life, and it has taught him that the path of an adult person is far not that easy in this man’s, man’s world. So off he went with his ideas and plans for a further career. At that time he was working in the city’s treasurer’s office and at the same time, he managed to study the law. His ability to do several things at once and with a brilliant result was astonishing. Several years later he was serving in the Royal Air Force. Foster made a good and disciplined soldier, and meanwhile, he was taking a deep interest in architecture. As he left the Force, he worked in a factory, sold furniture, even tried working as a baker… Soon he entered the Manchester University School of Architecture and City planning. It was 1961, and he was only 21. This very year was marked by his winning a fellowship to Yale University. He got a Master’s degree and got acquainted with Richard Rogers. They started working together, and that resulted in creating Foster Associates in 1967. (Foster 2004) The number of awards he gained is unbelievable, and the total 190 rewards he got are far beyond the imagination of any artist. This is something that a man can not only be proud of but also consider the achievement of a lifetime. In my opinion, what makes him the designer that makes the difference is that he is trying to convey his ideas the way no one else has ever tried. This is something that represents a complete novelty to the modern designers and artists, and the things that he contributes to art as it is are priceless – I mean, they are beyond valuing, beyond the notions of good or bad. Genius and His Works Thus, one of their greatest achievements was the design of the Reichstag the way we can see it now. A roof of glass, transparent to remind people that the government that is there is just as transparent and open to the people (Schultz, 2000), is the idea of Norman Foster. His thought could fly high like an eagle and see the world from the bird’s view. He has survived through the times when he was guided not by the muse of architecture, but by the desire to earn his living. These were the 70ies when the time has come for him to “demonstrate his skill in the design of office
This report features Australian aboriginal as a marginalized group in the country. Initially, Australian aborigines lived throughout the country, with the biggest number living along the coast. However, things would change for this group of people over the years, possibly as a result of the social exclusions which they have constantly experienced from the other communities, and today they can only be found in some parts of the country. Even though some members of this group still live in forests and deserts, the majority of the can be found in the outskirts of urban centers. There are various reasons as to why this group of people is marginalized from society. One of the major reasons is because this was something that was started a long time ago by the British colonizers when they robbed the indigenous communities of their values and culture through the way of assimilation. As a result of this, the development of policies associated with white people would become dominant among the aboriginal communities over the years, thus exposing them to marginalization from other Australian communities. This marginalization is evident in the way members of this group are treated in society. For example, racist attitudes and incidents of violence against aboriginals are common in Australia. More significantly, the members of the groups have continued to lose their sources of livelihoods to other people as a result of social exclusion. The main challenges faced by the aborigines include frequent diseases due to terrible living standards, under-representation in the government, and massive depopulation as a result of diseases and massacres (Webb 2009). According to archaeological evidence, aboriginal communities are said to have entered Australia at around 45,000 years ago through Southeast Asia. In that case, aboriginals have lived in Australia for more than 30,000 years, thus being regarded as the indigenous people of the country. The aboriginal communities comprised of about 500 to 600 distinct groups which spoke about 200 different dialects. These people were culturally diverse and would practice hunting and gathering as their main activities. Australian aboriginals have been marginalized since the time they had their first contact with British settlers, way back in 1788. In the past, the Australian government had contributed to the plight of this indigenous group by introducing and enhancing policies which promoted its marginalization (Davies et al. 2008). However, a change in leadership in the recent past has brought hope to the aboriginals. For example, the government has begun to show some concern to the aborigines following the national apology that was made to the group in 2008. This, however, is evident in the efforts that are being applied to address some of the big issu
Purbeck has an established market for ice cream in the UK. However, with changes in the economic structure of the world, the company has decided to undertake geographic diversification and enter new markets. As Asia is one of the largest and strongest developing markets, the company has decided to enter Thailand. However, cross-cultural marketing considerations must be taken before entering a foreign market. This report provides a detailed analysis of the consumer trend and cultural aspect of Thailand and provides a comparison of the same for Thailand and the UK. The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cultural and consumer behavior differences between the UK and Thailand consumers. Customer Trend in Thailand Demographics Total population of Thailand is 14,215500 in 2000 according to the 2001 census . The population according to the age distribution for 2000 as compared to 1990 census shows that there has been a rise in the working group population from 15 to 59 years, and so has been that of the older population. However, a decline in
Introduction Ernest J Gaines’ 1971 Novel “The autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman” provides a description of character traits that differ with generational changes. A comparison of the two characters reveals that Ned belongs to the liberal class of Americans in the south, whose mindsets have been transformed from the old model that emphasized on slavery, white supremacy and male chauvinism. On the other hand, Jimmy Caya belongs to the old generation of the American southerners. They believed in male dominance, white supremacy and racial discrimination. Therefore, it is convenient to argue that while Ned is a symbol of the younger generation that seeks to liberate the society from the old paradigm, Jimmy Caya belongs to the old generation that wants to maintain the status quo, provided the whites and males benefit at the expense of the black slaves. Character analysis and contrasting: Ned Douglas versus Jimmy Caya Ned Douglass is the Jane Pittman’s adopted son. He is a young man growing up under difficult social and economic conditions in the United States. In addition, he is black, which means that he has to endure the difficulties that most young African American people experience as they grow up. Noteworthy, Ned is not only strong, but also insightful and brilliant. For instance, he is portrayed as a bright young man who, in contrast to the members of the older generations, is willing to give changes a chance. This is shown by his efforts to bring change through education, where he helps his people build a school for the young children. He acts like a teacher to the black people and believes that everyone is equal. For example, he gives a sermon at the boat, in which he says “…blacks are true Americans and humans… and are therefore equal to all other American people regardless of the race…” (Gaines 134). He believes that through formal education, the black community, especially in rural areas of the US, will be in a position to fight for their rights, compete with whites and townspeople for the available job opportunities and lead better lives. He also seems to believe that education is
Introduction Differences between the different kingdoms of species might seem obvious at the surface level, yet, inspecting the subject matter closer, one will realize that the line between the two can be drawn at the cellular level. Furthermore, upon the analysis of the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, one can develop a proper understanding of the environment that is required for the correct functioning of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Thus, a comparison between the two is required to show that there are two distinct groups of organisms that require different environments and conditions. Main body The presence of a nucleus is the core difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, which is even coded in the names thereof. In addition, unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic one does not have chromosomes but, instead, contains a substitute called plasmids (Kelly and Callegari 4977). Unlike a chromosome, a plasmid does not have a protein membrane and typically takes a linear shape (Kelly and Callegari 4979). Therefore, the complexity of prokaryotic cells is significantly lower than the one of prokaryotic ones. In addition, the cellular structure of the two types of cells serves as an important distinction. Prokaryotic cells are typically unicellular, whereas eukaryotic ones are multicellular. The described difference leads to another point of comparison, which is the kingdom that the identified types of cells represent. While prokaryotes typically occur in Bacteria and Archaea, eukaryotic cells can be found in Animals and Plants (“Chapter 4 – Cell Structure”). Thus, a prokaryotic cell can be defined as a simpler life form compared to a more complex eukaryotic one. Finally, the components that constitute each type of cell are very different, both in their functions and form. It should be noted that there are several organelles that are common for both
False Claims Act The False Claims Act is one of the important mechanisms that are used to prevent the perpetration of fraud and to recover billions of dollars being stashed by government contractors every year. Under the provisions of section 3729 to 3733, any person who knowingly submit or cause another person or entity to submit false medical claims to fraudulent draw funds from the government, such person shall be liable to reimburse three times of the damages to the government. In addition, there may be civil penalties to the tune of $ 5,500 to $ 11,000 per every false claim fraudulently preferred. The Act contains a qui tam or whistleblower provision which enables the citizens with evidence of fraud against government contract to sue and recover the stolen funds on behalf of the government (Taxpayers Against Fraud). Medicaid Integrity Plan Under the provisions of the Deficit Reduction Act, 2005 (DRA), a Medicaid Integrity Program (MIP) was introduced by the Department of Health and Human Services. The purpose of establishing this fund was to provide financial support to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services to enable them to fight against frauds, waste, and abuse in Medicaid. Congress has allocated funds to the extent of $ 5 million for FY 2006 with an addition of $ 50 million for FY 2007 and 2008. The plan allocation for the ffund will be enhanced to $ 75 million each year from FY 2009 onwards. Under section 6034 of the DRA, it has been made mandatory to evolve comprehensive plans every five years by forming a collective group comprising of various government authorities. The group will be made responsible for controlling provider fraud and abuse under Medicaid (NCSL, 2009). Federal Deficit Reduction Act The objective of the Deficit Reduction Act (DRA) is to grant flexibility to states to make amends to their Medicaid programs. The provisions of this Act enable the states to restrict access to Medicare by making suitable modifications to their Medicaid programs. The provisions also grant autonomy to states to expand the eligibility to provide access to more groups of people. The salience of the Act can be seen from the provision requiring citizenship documentation from applicants and recipients including children. The law provides greater authority to states to practice cost-sharing for Medicaid-covered benefits and services. The states could now use a “benchmark” option and restructure coverage. However, the requirements of Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment services are retained as the coverage standard for children under the age of 19 years (Rosenbaum & Markus, 2006). Impact on Cost-Cutting Measures The enactment and implementation of these legislations have a far-reaching impact on the cost-cutting measures of the government in respect of Medicaid and Medicare programs. Even though, these laws do not contribute to the reduction of costs directly, by combating again
Introduction There are various views on human behavior: some believe that every action of us is thoroughly controlled by fate with virtues universally rewarded and vices strictly punished, others believe that there is no power responsible for the differentiation between good and evil. Literature works contain numerous examples of both ways of understanding human’s destiny, the current paper is concerned with how this problem is disclosed in G. Chaucer’s The Miller’s Tale and in Shakespeare’s Macbeth , to be more exact, we will find out how the notion of poetic justice is represented by examples of the main characters of the works mentioned. Poetic justice in ‘Macbeth’ Starting with Shakespearean Macbeth we should admit that Macbeth gets poetic justice but one of the principles of poetic justice does not work here. The thing is that this character is fairly punished for the sins he has committed: first, he finds no real reason to live, he loses all his friends, family, and honor, then, he is duped by the witches’ second set of prophecies and is killed in battle by Macduff. But on the other hand, this character shows dramatic changes as the play goes on. The reader gets to know Macbeth as a brave general in the Scottish army, but in the course of the play, he cannot boast of ethical behavior, the numerous mistakes that he makes in his life lead to his ultimate demise. Therefore, the principle of poetic justice that logic always triumphs do not apply to this character. Another character of the play, Lady Macbeth, wants to see her husband on the throne and acts accordingly. But things do not happen as she expects them to. Lady Macbeth starts to act going by her ambitions. This character helps Shakespeare to demonstrate that women are capable of engaging in acts that will secure their power, what is important, is that even the most immoral things do not stop them. Macbeth represents the idea of lack of ethics which, when mixed up with greed, leads to immorality and even brutality. Her passion for power and her unwillingness to notice others and take into consideration their wishes and interests lead to her death. Her punishment is executed by her long-suppressed conscience that plagues her, seeming spots of blood on her hand that she cannot wash off are the sign of her would-be punishment; at last, she is tormented into madness by the guilt. Isn’t it a bright example of poetic justice in this play? On the contrary, if we consider the character of Banquo who is Macbeth’s friend at first we will see that he does not get poetic justice in the play under consideration. Being contrast to Macbeth he resists evil every time where Macbeth embraces it. But when Macbeth starts to consider Banquo to be a threat to his striving for power he has him murdered. Still, we are not sure whether poetic justice fails here as there are essential motives in Banquo’s conduct that make the reader question his pu
Introduction The social cultural impact of tourism refers to the positive and negative effect or impact of tourism on the cultural heritage, traditions, customs, and social life style of host communities. This paper will look at the positive and negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism on host communities and tourists, as well as the different factors that influence these impacts. It is, however, important to keep in mind that all society’s problems can not be blamed on tourism, nor can all positive social developments be attributed to tourism (Liu 2003, p. 25). There are other factors that contribute to society’s problems and development, such as globalization and the influence of the mass media. Positive Social Cultural Impacts of Tourism The positive socio-cultural impacts of tourism include employment, improvement of infrastructure, transfer of knowledge into a country, and improvement to the economy. These are discussed in the following subsections. Employment In most countries, the tourism sector provides employment opportunities to a huge percentage of the population. To facilitate tourism operations, people get employed to work in the hotel industry, the transport sector, and national parks as tour guides (Green 2005, p. 13). The economic benefits that are derived from tourism in terms of employment of a nation’s population ultimately impact people’s standard of living. Provision of Shared Infrastructure The development of tourist infrastructure, such as airports and leisure facilities, can also benefit local communities, as long as the infrastructure is not developed for the exclusive use of tourists (Allen et al. 1993). This tourist infrastructure affects the social and cultural lives of local communities because their way of living would have been different had the infrastructure not been established and shared. For example, Maun, which is a rural area in Botswana, is a famous fast stop destination for tourists visiting the Okavango Delta and Moremi Game Reserve. Existing leisure facilities such as modern international airport, restaurants and shopping malls were originally intended for tourists, but are also shared by the local community (Long et al. 1990). Therefore, the social lives and contemporary culture of local residents are remarkably different from those in other major villages in Botswana. Transfer of Knowledge into a Country Tourism promotes the transfer of knowledge to the host country. When experienced people from a developed country visit a developing country, opportunities are created for knowledge to be transferred from one community to another. Ultimately, developing countries are able to benefit. Economic Improvement Most tourist destinations across the world are able to improve their economies as a result of tourism activities. Among others, tourism enables countries to earn foreign currency which enables them to effectively trade with foreign states. In Kenya, the tourism sector employs a large number of people who work in world class hotels and the transport sector, among others. Tourism also co
Capstone Project Goals The formation of exuberant granulation tissue is not among the most frequent wound healing complications, but its harmful consequences linked to the time needed for full recovery make it an important topic for discussion. Firstly, the project is to increase the degree to which healthcare specialists are aware of the complication in question, thus improving their knowledge regarding barriers to proper wound healing. Secondly, the project will be developed to help the audience understand the current state of knowledge regarding over granulation and practices helping to reduce the risks of this complication in hospitalized patients. Content Outline The project will discuss hyper granulation concerning a few subtopics, including general information concerning excessive granulation in wounds, populations in which the complication is the most common, factors that increase the risks of hyper granulation, and wound care practices that prevent its development. The following sections can be included in the presentation:  1. Introduction  2. Hypergranulation tissue: signs, types, and its impact on wound healing  3. Patient populations affected by the issue and risk factors for exuberant granulation  4. Prevention of hyper granulation tissue: what is currently known  5. Conclusion Implementation and Presentation Strategies Before implementing the project, I will analyze my current workplace and educational institutions nearby to single out groups of specialists who will benefit from information about hyper granulation. The recommendations related to database and literature search will be observed to make sure that information comes from credible sources (“Academic (peer-reviewed/scholarly) journals: How can you tell?” n.d.; “Subject and course guides at the University of Texas at Arlington,” n.d.). The presentation strategies that I am planning to rely on include the integration of visual materials (photos that illustrate the complication’s types) to demonstrate the problem’s manifestations and enable the audience to gain practice-oriented knowledge. I will implement the so-called 10/20/30 rule for presentations to avoid providing too much information or making it difficult to read, and the main presentation strategies will include slides and lectures.