ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Technological development is the greatest trigger of the changes that are being witnessed in the healthcare industry today. Advancement in technology has influenced the manufacture, distribution, and even administration of healthcare equipments and medicine. Professional and academic requirements for healthcare practitioners are also dependent on the current technology. The medical world is now full of machines and bioengineered equipments that require a certain degree of technological proficiency to operate. Moreover, technology has also empowered customers to seek and access their healthcare rights and information. Customers can now use current technology to assess the credentials of medical practitioners. Negligence and errors in medical treatment that were witnessed before the inception of modern technology have reduced. With this hint in mind, there is a need research more on the impact that technological advancement has had on healthcare. Besides, there is a call for further research on how such technological changes have altered healthcare education and labor requirements in the health sector. The paper therefore provides a framework/plan for a case study final paper on this subject with four chapters each providing a detailed scrutiny of the issue under study. Primary sources such as statistical findings on the subject will be used in the research. Archival documents such as reports, government publications, responses, and reflections on the subject from different stakeholders will also be used. Technology and the Cost of Health care The first chapter will involve a literature search on the impact of technological changes on the cost of health care. The cost of healthcare has also risen in the past few years owing to the adoption of technological methods of treatment. In this chapter, the impact of technology on the healthcare financing will be evaluated using relevant literature detailing the same. Chaudhry et al. (2006) are some of the authors with significant work in this area whose work will be reviewed. Medical technology is expensive and hence the high cost of medicine and medical services today. Modern technology has also been credited with the current increased level of accuracy in medical treatment. Cannon in his literary work provides details of the various ways that technology has aided in the compliance to medication for mental health patients (2000). This work will also be reviewed. Medical technology is however expensive. According to Braun et al., this case has not complemented the shortage of medical staff (2013, 1). In fact, one would expect the health care sector to increase staff to seal the gap of the few medical tools (because of its high cost) in a bid to attend to a recommendable number of patients. Nagykaldi and Mold evaluated the role of health information technology on the translation of research into practice, and managed to capture some of the limitations, with cost being a major factor (2007). Teich et al. also duplicated the findings, with their study showing that cost limits the adoption of basic medical technologies (2000). The materials used to make medical e
Despite being a useful tool in analyzing a firm’s financial performance, ratio analysis has its limitations. The first limitation is that ratio analysis overlooks the human aspect of a firm. A firm’s performance is primarily based on monetary figures; however, it is the human resource contributing to improved revenue via their work output. Secondly, ratio analysis will point a company’s management towards figures but not what caused the variation in the collected figures. Therefore, the figures will be less important during decision-making because the causes do not accompany the arithmetic values. Ratios are also complicated when it comes to a multi-department organization such as Puma. Each department will have to find the industry averages related to the specific departments. This implies that the generalization of the average organizational ratios may not be a true reflection of performance within their respective departments. One limitation that is evident is that ratios are futuristic and do not display the current financial health. A firm might have poorly performed in the previous financial year but it is currently above the industry average with its financial figures. Therefore, the historical ratios would portray false financial health that ends up misleading management and investors in their decision-making. Lastly, the performance of a firm relies on several spectrums that include both external and internal factors. In as much as ratio analysis relates to both internal and external environment, it overlooks factors such as inflation that adjust balance sheets and external environmental determinants such as a recession (Bragg, 2021). Ratios should therefore be used in conjunction with other methods of analysis to create a comprehensive analysis system. Reference List Bragg, S., 2021. Limitations of ratio analysis — AccountingTools . [online] AccountingTools. Web.
Introduction Successful communication is a desirable result of every person, who is participating in the discourse. In order to create favorable conditions for interaction, both interlocutors should be aware of how communication act emerges. First, the speaker is codifying the information, which is proceeded by sending the message to the listener. Further, the latter is decoding this message and perceives this information. Successful communication occurs, when both the message encoded and decoded are of the similar content and force. For successful communication the English philosopher Paul Grice has outlined certain maxims of Quantity, Quality, Relation and Manner:   * Quantity : make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purpose of the exchange). Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.   * Quality : Do not say what you believe to be false. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.   * Relation : Be relevant.   * Manner : Avoid obscurity of expression. Avoid ambiguity. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity). Be orderly. [Grice, 1989] These are the universal guidelines for acquiring interlocutors’ mutual comprehension. However, in order to achieve better understanding, both speaker and listener are to share common principals and rules in cases, when the intents of the utterance are not explicit. These rules and principles are unlikely to coincide with each other, when we are talking about cross-cultural communication. Everyday practice shows how often representatives of different nations fail to manage an appropriate interpretation of the message in a conversation. “It can cause misunderstandings or create offence when speakers can understand only the literal meaning of words and do not know the rules of use for interpreting those words” – state Rintell & Mitchell. [cited from Darmayenti, 2010] Indeed, a considerable damage for conversation mostly appears neither in pronunciation errors, nor in grammar and syntax, but in pragmatic incompetence. The latter is the precursor to pragmatic failure, which, as Jenny Thomas defines, means “the inability to understand what is meant by what is said”. [Thomas, 1983] Pragmatic failure may constitute two subtypes, which are inextricably linked and sometimes cannot be considered separately. Thus, pragmatic failure includes pragmalinguistic and sociolinguistic failure. Pragmalinguistic failure By the definition of Thomas, “pragmalinguistic failure occurs when the pragmatic force mapped by S onto a given utterance is systematically different from the force most frequently assigned to it by native speakers of the target language, or when speech act strategies are inappropriately transferred from L1 to L2”. [Thomas, 1983] Hence, pragmalinguistic failure is connected to the language itself, when it occurs that the words and expressions are transferred from native language to the target language without taking their pragmatic meaning into consideration. There are se
It has been a little over five years since Hurricane Katrina hit the coast of United States of America, in Louisiana. This catastrophic disaster caused unthinkable havoc not only on the land, but also took a toll on the economy as well. The oil industry, fishing industry and the tourism industry were hit the hardest. All that was left to salvage after Hurricane Katrina’s havoc, were the images of the once thriving neighborhoods, abandoned homes, and empty lots. These were also joined by the empty fishing boats that had once been busy in the sea, with fishermen who were earning a living comfortably, but not anymore. One could also see empty oil rigs from a distance. Dead bodies were all over and the horrific sight culminating from the actions of Mother Nature were unfathomable. Evacuations were in order and the American people did try to do what they could, but it did not seem enough. The state’s entire economy was almost wiped out, but nothing could have been done to stop the Hurricane from striking Louisiana. This disaster took a heavy toll on the affected victims and it pushed some of them to committing suicide, while others suffered psychological trauma. Others turned to substance abuse, in a bid to erase the horrible memories of losing loved ones. Essentially, the loss to accessible health care was a major contributor to deaths, due to untreated chronic diseases (Palser, 2007).Inherently, the young generation of Louisiana was somehow vulnerable to long term psychological effects of loss, mental instability and fear. This hurricane was categorized as a category four hurricane. The estimated damage cost that was left behind after the massive destruction was valued at over one hundred billion dollars. The measures that had been put in place to avoid this kind of a disaster were not sufficient enough. This is because they had put up levees that had been designed to hold off category three hurricanes. These were overwhelmed and gave way, which led to immense flooding of the city and the displacement of over one hundred and fifty thousand American citizens. Amidst all the stories that were told by the victims of Hurricane Katrina, a lot of issues were uncovered. The then president George W. Bush faced a lot of criticism for his government’s slow response to the cr
Introduction Kate Chopin is one of the first American feminist writers whose works drew the reader’s attention to the problem of the woman’s freedom in society. In her short work “The Story of an Hour” that was first published in 1894, Chopin considers a woman’s position in the patriarchal society from the feminist view, and it is possible to discuss this story as a feminist statement and analyze it from two perspectives. Thus, specific feminist ideas in “The Story of an Hour” can be discussed from the point of the woman’s inequality in marriage and the point of the woman’s freedom. Mrs. Mallard, the main female character of the story is the woman who becomes informed regarding the death of her husband. The woman is expected to demonstrate sorrow and grief because of her loss. However, instead of suffering, this ‘nameless’ female person begins to notice the colors of the world around her: “She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air” (Chopin, 2015, p. 524). Chopin accentuates the fact that the death of the husband is that moment when the woman begins to pay attention to things that were beyond the boundaries of her family. From this point, Mrs. Mallard can be viewed as being dependent on her husband for years. This woman seems to face inequality in her marriage as any other female of her time. This inequality causes social prejudice regarding the woman’s position, reactions, and behavior in different situations. The other way to discuss the story as a feminist statement is to concentrate on the idea of the woman’s liberation in contrast to demonstrating the woman’s dependence and inequality. Even though Mrs. Mallard is expected to feel certain emotions caused by the death of her husband, this young woman seems to find herself and her identity as a result of this situation. Thus, the reader learns Mrs. Mallard’s name: Louise. Chopin emphasizes how the woman liberates from the bonds of marriage and acquires her freedom as a personality. As a result, the thoughts about the fact that she is free to make Louise’s eyes become “keen and bright,” and she also thinks about how “she would live for herself” (Chopin, 2015, p. 524). While accentuating her feminist ideal of the woman’s freedom, Chopin states: “There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature” (Chopin, 2015, p. 525). In these words, the author combines all her ideas regarding the female’s freedom and social position in one message: the rights and will of women can be oppressed in marriages and society, and they need to find their identity to be liberated. From this perspective, the woman’s freedom is presented in “The Story of an Hour” from two different angles. On the one hand, it is important to pay attention to the specific position of women in marriages and society because of the experienced inequities and pressures. On the other hand, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of women’s liber
Teenager’s program Admittedly, various shows have become an indispensible part of people’s life. Teenagers also like watching certain programs. More so, they often find the necessary answers to their questions. Therefore, teenagers need a program which could address their needs. Join Us can be such a program. It will address the most important issues which are essential for teenagers. The show will focus on such themes as status, cruelty, gender roles, etc. The program’s layout The program will have quite a specific format. In the first place, the hosts will be teenagers. It is possible to have four hosts: two girls and two boys. There will be no studio audience. However, viewers will be able to make calls. More so, the Internet will also be excessively used. The hosts will actively use Facebook and Twitter (maybe Skype ) during the program. Viewers will be able to ask their questions on the topic. The hosts will discuss these questions. The hosts will invite various guests competent in this or that issue. Apart from this, hosts will make video reports. They will take interviews in schools and in the streets. This program will be weekly. The viewers will have the opportunity to choose topics for the programs. There will be a kind of poll online. Viewers will also come up with their ideas and their stories. Major themes It goes without saying that teenagers face many issues. For instance, issues concerning status are quite important for teenagers. Admittedly, teenagers try to obtain certain status. Therefore, the host will discuss various problems concerning the matter. However, it is important to encourage young people to be unique and pay less attention to statuses. Of course, the program should not be too didactic. However, viewers should learn a particular lesson during each program. Issues of cruelty has also come to the fore recently. Here the hosts can address problems concerning violence. Admittedly, teenagers can be regarded as the most vulnerable group. They often have to endure domestic or peer violence. The hosts should interview those who were victims of violent actions or even those who were initiators of conflict situations. Apart from this, many other cases of cruelty should also be covered in the program: mockery, bullying, etc. Furthermore, teenagers should be acquainted with gender issues. The hosts will discuss cases when some people were suppressed due to their gender. The hosts will also help viewers find successful strategies to avoid certain problems. Other topics Apart from serious issues, some series of the program (or some parts of the program) should address ‘less’ important problems. For instance, the host can provide some tips for completing assignments, passing exams, preparing for a party, choosing a present for a friend, etc. This will make program more interesting and helpful as teenagers often have difficulties with their school assignments. They also can have difficulties with developing proper relationships with peers. The program will help viewers to solve all those problems. Popularity of Joi
Myriad of empirical-based research on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) unanimously conclude that there is a close link between this mental disorder and the extent at which patients diagnosed with the condition engage in crime. Besides, it is also evident that ADHD individuals often engage in criminal acts due to similar reasons like those who d not suffer from the condition. On the same note, there seems to be negligible divergence in perspective as far as the correlation between crime and the ADHD prevalence is concerned. It is against this backdrop that this paper seeks to establish how ADHD contributes to criminal behaviour among people diagnosed with the condition. A recent research study conducted by Aebi et al. (2010) consisting of 3229 offspring drawn from almost the same number of fathers and mothers provides a critical platform for exploring the link between deviant behavior and the prevalence of ADHD. The probands taking part in this study were European Caucasians between the ages of 5 and 17. The study dubbed IMAGE, sought to explore how Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among other mental conditions are the main drivers as to why young people are often referred to mental health facilities. In addition, the researchers went ahead to correlate persistent pattern of breaking rules and other anti-social behaviours among those who were diagnosed with ADHD. From the study, it was found that individuals diagnosed with ADHD are more likely to commit crime compared to those void of the condition. On the other side, there are other triggers that make these people engage in criminal offense. For instance, the age factor was considered to be paramount; adults who have lived with untreated ADHD are more likely to be aggressive as criminals in their old age. Besides, the dynamic attitudes among adolescents such as sensation seeking or a feeling of boredom may lead to corrupted judgement and eventually drive the victim to socially undesired acts. Furthermore, crimes committed by ADHD victims are usually not premeditated; they are carried out spontaneously without much. Better still, these types of crimes are executed in a more aggressive or reactive manner after the victim has been slightly provoked by a situation. When research is carried out among adult offenders of the male gender, the hypothesis seems not to deviate from these key findings. In a separate but similar research study by Unnever, Cullen & Pratt, (2003), the role of parenting as well as the effect of ADHD on crime level is discussed. However, the researchers are quick to point out that research on criminology has not adequately explored other possible causes of deviant behavior in society apart from parental manageme
Introduction Over decades art historians discussed the question about the first anthropomorphic images of Buddha and its Greco
Introduction The death penalty is arguably the most controversial legal punishment imposed by the Criminal Justice System of our country. This form of punishment stands out from the rest due to its harshness and severity. There is general agreement that capital punishment is the most severe punishment that a judge can give an offender. Due to the perceived severity of the death penalty, there has been intense controversy surrounding the issue. Opponents of the death penalty declare that it is barbaric and inhumane hence the government should do away with it. On the other hand, its supporters maintain that the death penalty is a necessary form of punishment that should be used on the most vicious offenders in society. The highly polarized debate on the death penalty has continued to exist for decades. Ethical theories can be used to come up with a solution to this highly controversial issue. Ethics determine what is the right course of action in a given situation. A number of solid ethical theories have been proposed by scholars and philosophers over the years. This paper will make use of one of the most widely applied ethical theories, which is utilitarianism, to demonstrate that the death penalty is indeed justified. Overview of Utilitarianism: Death Penalty Utilitarianism is a popular and widely applied ethical theory that was first proposed by John Stuart Mill. According to this theory, the moral nature of an action can be deduced by calculating its net utility. According to the utilitarian, an ethical action is one that “maximizes the happiness for the largest number of people”. Actions are viewed as having either benefits or negative consequences. Individuals should act in a manner that increases the benefits since if the consequences outweigh the benefits, the action will be considered unethical. From a utilitarian perspective, actions that promote the happiness of the majority in society should be pursued while those that deter this happiness should be avoided. The utilitarian theory can be applied to the issue of capital punishment since this form of punishment produces both positive and negative consequences. Utilitarian View on Capital Punishment Net Benefits The first major benefit offered by the death penalty is that it plays a significant deterrence role. The most important goal of the criminal justice system is to discourage people from engaging in crime. This is achieved by attaching punishments to crimes so that a person perceives the merits of engaging in illegal actions as being outweighed by the consequences. As such, an ideal society would be one where no one is punished since the threat of punishment keeps everyone fro
Fiscella, K. (2011). Health Care Reform and Equity: Promise, Pitfalls, and Prescriptions. Annals of Family Medicine, 9 (1), 78 – 84. The author of this article is a renowned researcher in the field of family medicine and has been involved in numerous healthcare-related programs. He is a reviewer of medical care works and has received various awards both locally and internationally. Dr. Fiscella also served on the Institute of Medicine Committee on Future Directions for the National Health Care Quality and Disparities Report. In addition, he has consulted widely for Health Resources Services Administration. This article is relevant to my project because it looks at information technology and how it affects the quality of healthcare. It targets all practitioners in the medical sector. The author of this article focuses on how stakeholders can address the problem of inequality in the provision of healthcare and ensure increased access to medical services by all citizens. The article is well-aligned with my project and considers how information technology affects the quality of healthcare. The author argues that the use of information technology systems is critical if stakeholders are to improve service delivery in the medical sector and eliminate disparities. Huston, C. (2013) . The Impact of Emerging Technology on Nursing Care: Warp Speed Ahead . The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 18 (2), 1. The author of this article has been a nursing professor at California State University since 1982. Dr. Huston has served as the Director of the school since January 2010. Among other notable works, Dr. Huston has co-authored 16 editions of books on professional issues in nursing. From 2007 to 2009, the author was President of key institutions in the nursing practice. The relevance of this arti