ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Unemployment puts a bad taste in the thoughts of everybody who is affected directly or indirectly by it. No one government has been fully able to tame unemployment. The reasons to unemployment vary from one country to another. Besides, the approaches that each country may employ in the struggle to address unemployment may also vary. Cultural, social and religious and or economic causes the immediate variables that distinguish each country’s unemployment state. Although these could be the differences, unemployment basically has a general definition, with its impacts almost the same across all the nations involved. This problem solution research is aimed looking into the unemployment situation in Saud Arabia. The research will focus on unemployment on a general perspective in Saudi Arabia while narrowing down, partially to focus on unemployment of women in the country. Literature review Unemployment situation in Saudi Arabia has drawn much attention in the recent years. It has come to be appreciated as a factor that oils the occurrence of social unrest in the region as put by Bosbait and Wilson, (2005). Much effort has been in place to from the government of Saudi Arabia in order to address the question of unemployment despite the fact that the nation is full of vast deposits of crude oil. The country is one of the leading nations in oil production on a world ranking scale. Unemployment data provided by the government for the year 2002 showed that the overall unemployment for all gender was pegged at 6.1%, with Saudi male unemployment figure estimated at 8.1% while female unemployment was at 15.8 per cent, almost twice the male unemployment figure (Niblock, 2006. Pp. 115). However, the figures provided above are a small representation since they do not the expanse population of Saudi (Niblock, 2006, pp 116). The lack representation of this information has its roots in the culture of Saudi as a nation, thus leading to unaccountability of the real number of women in the labor force it is asserted that the effect of culture exerts a substantial impact on human resource management practices in Saudi Arabia. With respect to this, Budhwar and Debra, (2001, p.143) posited that cultural values and social attitudes to work and management are absolutely different from those practiced in the western world especially their European neighbors. Additionally, they lay a further emphasis on tribal and family values. Religion has had a big influence on the employment of women in Saudi Arabia. For this reason, Budhwar and Debra, (2001, pp 143) established that this is a big counter-effect to the employment of wo
An evaluation plan is based on the expected outcomes and set objectives. After implementation, the results obtained are measured against the expectations. The introduction of in-service training and rest breaks are the proposed interventions in this project (Haddad et al., 2020). These steps are expected to reduce the mortality and morbidity rates, reduce nurses’ burnout and turnover intentions (Metcalf et al., 2018). Since the outcomes are expected within six months, the evaluation plan will be effective at the end of six months. The first step of an evaluation plan is to clearly establish the aspects to be evaluated by setting up the evaluation questions. The evaluation questions in this plan are: What is the mortality and morbidity rate, and how does it compare to six months ago before the intervention? What is the turnover rate among nurses now in comparison to before the intervention? Are nurses experiencing higher productivity and less burnout? These questions are in line with the expected outcomes, and comparing them against the actual result will evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention plan. The next step in the evaluation entails gathering the necessary resources. In this case, patients, nurses, nurses’ organizations, and medical databases will be used to evaluate the intervention. Patients will report the change in patient care by stating how they are served and their satisfaction levels. Nurses will describe how rest breaks have impacted burnout among them and whether their turnover intentions have changed (Wendsche et al., 2017). The morbidity and mortality rates will be read from medical records and compared to the data before the intervention. Nurses’ organizations will also provide data on nurses’ complaints indicating whether there is a reduced record of overwork complaints among nurses. As the last step, the results will be analyzed, examined for biases, and graphs wil
In this article, Dalrymple starts by discussing the nature of multiculturalism and how the proponents of this idea perceive the future will be. According to them, there is a possibility of living in a society with restaurants being built in large cities to serve all the cuisines of the world. These restaurants will be available for people from different cultures; they may visit ‘Thai on Monday, Italian on Tuesday and Szechuan on Wednesday” without any problem (Dalrymple 1). This kind of development, according to multiculturalists, would motivate people to embrace multiculturalism globally. Dalrymple went further to compare this multiculturalist view to Marx’s argument of life under communism. Marx believed that people could live in a society where there are no competing classes. In this regard, people should be allowed to pursue more than one sphere of activity and do everything they want. However, Dalrymple’s main argument, in refuting the above claims, is that the multiculturalists’ imagination is unrealistic and false. According to the author, the notion that all cultural values can be replicated in every cultural group is senseless; some cultural values are more dominant and superior to others within the society. Dalrymple held that multiculturalism should be approached from the ground up, not from theory down. However, it is important to note that the author did not refute the fact that multiculturalism promotes the co-existence of diverse cultures; the only concern is that it does not apply to all cultures. Dalrymple supported his argument largely by sharing his eye-witness experiences. First, the author discussed the struggles immigrant women from remote villages in India and Pakistan face when they move to England. They are not allowed to practice multiculturalism; their only option is to live their lives in line with their parents’ expectations and beliefs. Dalrymple stated that “it is clear from what I see almost every day that not all cultural values are compatible or can be reconciled by the enunciation of platitudes” (2). The cultures of most women from foreign countries do not allow them to develop new lifestyles as per the multiculturalists’ imagination. In fact, many of them are forced to marry men they do not love, thus leading a miserable life. Second, the author supported his argument by showing the challenges his patients encounter in their daily lives within and outside their communities. He gave an account of how the life of a 16-year-old Mus
This is a process of looking at the behaviors of various organizations in terms of the prices of their product’s output, the methods that they use for production, and the input materials that they use. The theory of the firm can be looked at, in terms of the kind of decisions that firms make so as to generate more profit. From these decisions, the businesses are able to interact well with the market and thus be able to determine the demand for and pricing of their products in the market. With the knowledge of demand and pricing, the firms are able to allocate the resources of the firm well hence ensuring that maximum profits are achieved (Putterman 36). This theory of the firm goes in line with the theory of the consumer which says that a consumer wants to get maximum satisfaction from a commodity and spend less. Just like the consumer, firms also aim at making maximum utilization of their resources so as to get maximum profits. In economics, the theory of the firm looks at how the firms or businesses behave based on what the theory states, with regard to making maximum profits. Economics, therefore, explains that all kinds of decisions that are made in any particular organization or firm are mainly or are all aimed at ensuring that the organizations make maximum profit. Therefore we can say that according to the theory of the firm, the main goal of any organization is to make maximum profits (Nicolai 256). The theory of the firm explains the reasons why firms take actions which according to the society may seem not okay and may not even be right to the laws of the country, but as long as the actions are beneficial to the organization in terms of the amount of profit the firm is making, then the firm will continue with such operations. An example is when a firm is polluting the environment and not checking on the safety and the health measures of its employees as long as it is not spending a lot of money on that, the firm will go ahead doing its work with no consideration on such, according to the firm theory. If the same firm as well as to pay for penalties on environment pollution, and fines that are much more, then the organization would consider such a decision as not profitable, and according to the theory of the firm, such an organization would not go ahead with its operations, as this is not maximizing the profits of the company (Cohen 34). According to the case provided, we shall first analyze both the benefits and consequences of either retaining or giving away the ownership of pediatric home care. According to the consultants, most industries go for the “buy” rather than the “make” option. This is because the buy option offers the organization the chance for flexibility. According to Ronald Coase, “when businessmen are deciding on what to produce have to take into account transaction costs … In fact, a large part of what we think of as economic activity is designed to accomplish what high tran
Introduction Child behavior has been a common topic in most sociology and psychology debates. The main concern among practitioners in these fields has been the evolving characteristics of child behaviors over the past decades (Dukarm, 2011). For instance, the nature of child behavior in the fifties and sixties has significantly changed over the decades and now, new generations of children behave completely different from earlier generations. Considering the negative influences of today’s societal pressures, research experts show that more children today are exhibiting signs of severe behavioral problems than in the past (Dukarm, 2011). For instance, in a past social study, which was done in America to investigate behavioral problems among the youth (aged between 4 years and 15 years), it was reported that, the rate of children with behavioral problems had increased from 6.8% to 18.7% (Hough and Roberts, 2004). Furthermore, in a book titled, Youth Crime and Youth Justice: Public Opinion in England and Wales, UK adults said that, child behaviour was worse today than in the past (Hough and Roberts, 2004, p. 17). The above statement outlines the main argument for this paper. The argument that, child behavior is worse today than it was ten years ago defines the audience’s position regarding child behavior (although some people propose that child behavior has been constant throughout the decade). This paper however opposes this view and proposes that, child behavior is worsening by the year. To rationalize this view, different societal behaviors will be analyzed including increased violence, inappropriate sexual behaviors and increased incidences of underage drinking. These factors will be analyzed to establish if child behavior has become worse or not (Kirby and Goodpaster, 2006). To ensure the findings of this paper is credible, credible research sources such as peer reviewed journals and books will be used as the main sources of research. The main arguments borrowed from these sources will be used to provide the groundwork for this paper (transplanting root elements). Finally, the findings of this paper may be used as the basis for carrying out future studies so that other respondents can integrate their opinions to the research problem. Increased Violence Child violence is one parameter that as
Particularity of the Organization The Stavropol State Agrarian University is one of the leading institutions of higher learning in Stavropol city, within Russian Federation. Started in 1930, this institution has experienced massive development in various areas as it seeks to be in line with the international standards of learning at this higher level. The management of this firm has a reputation when it comes to freedom in research and development. As defined in the mission statement of this firm, the organisation has high regards to morals and societal values, and there has been a concerted effort to merge science with culture. SSAU is a fully chartered university that does not only target the local students but also the international learners within European Union and in the global society. The management of this institution appreciates the fact that competition in the education sector has become very stiff. For this reason, there has been effort to introduce management practices and strategies that would make the university attractive to the local and international society. The institution has introduced programmes, which focus on improving the students’ experience. When it was started, the focus of this institution was to offer products, which at this time was standardized with knowledge in various fields. The management had to realize that all the lecturers attended their classes and the syllabus was covered as was expected. However, things changed systematically based on the changes in the environment. The institution’s focus changed from product to service. The management realized that it owes their clients (students) a lot, and there was a need to offer them good services. It was in this era that the university introduced new courses to meet the diversified needs of the learners. In this era, the management of this institution has realized that offering services to the clients is not good enough. There is a need to offer solutions. Institutions of higher learning are seen to be the solution to any issue that is affecting the society in one way or the other. This means that offering learners the courses they need in an effective learning environment is not enough. The current society expects more from these institutions. They need solutions to the social and scientific problems they face from time to time. The management of SSAU has been offering this solution to its clients in different approaches. Each of the departments at this institution has its own budget that is specifically meant for research. The university believes in solutions that are obtained by conducting reliable researches both socially and scientifically. The graduates from this institution go into the job market after they have been fully prepared to offer solutions to some of the problems that an organisation or society may face. This has put this institution at a prestigious position where the society seeks
Introduction Organizations are usually subgroups existing within the society and they usually function differently according to their roles. They deal with different issues ranging from: health, business, and other societal aspects. These organizations thus have different missions, responsibilities and even offer different sources depending on the goal of their establishment. On the other hand, the organizing function of management usually deals with the activities that result in the allocation and assignment of tasks and authority to bring out coordination within the organization. The management examines the work, prepares employees and allows the work group to form (productive) teams. Brief history of Wal-Mart Before the Wal-Mart stores were opened in the 1962, Sam Walton the owner traveled widely through out the country and studied everything that was available to be known about the discounting business. From his study, he was well convinced that all the American consumers wanted a new type of store. With this vision, Sam and his wife invested much of their money investing in the first company store in Rogers Ark. The company continued growing and in the year 1972, the Wal-Mart stocks were offered to the public in the New York stock exchange and as a result, the company grew exponentially opening numerous stores within a decade. In 1983, the company came of age with the opening of the first Sam’s club members warehouse by the early 1990s, the company had had increased their employees ten fold and also sales growing exponentially. Currently, the company is one of the most successful retailers in the world bragging of over 175 million customers annually (Wal-Mart, 2011) Steps Which Aid In Gaining Managerial Organization Organization is the function of the management which entails how the management synchronizes, combines and arranges the physical, human and monetary resources in order to succeed in getting s
Figure 1. The bottom, interior and side of the bowl The interior of the bowl, as well as the top area of the item’s exterior, depict a hunting scene, where a few men attack large animals. The exterior bottom and the interior center of the bowl also incorporate animals, namely bulls, however, the men are not present in the scenes. The imagery of the bowl displays motifs of different cultures – Near Eastern and Egyptian. The major difference between the two cultural elements presented in the bowl lies in the diverse depictions of the huntsmen and the choice of illustrated animals. The inside of the item incorporates bulls which were more prevalent in the Near Eastern geographical area rather than in Egypt. In contrast, the motifs conveyed in the top half of the bowl’s exterior depict Egyptian motifs. This is evident from the imagery of lions being the victim of the hunt. In Egypt, bulls were considered sacred animals, alongside cats and ibises, which is why the culture’s people were not allowed to hunt down these creatures. Instead, the scenery depicts lions which are being attacked by two people at the same time, in order to illustrate the danger of the large animal. Moreover, the top half of the bowl’s exterior displays elements of classical folklore of ancient Egypt, such as animals with wings that are commonly depicted in the culture’s art. Considering the color of the material the bowl is covered with, it is likely that the owner of the artifact was not a member of the working class but rather a wealthy individual who valued uniqueness and luxury. Firstly, the maker of the bowl clearly paid much attention to the item, which suggests that a poor peasant would not be able to afford it. In ancient times there was no tradition of mass marketing and most pieces were unique. Secondly, the golden leaf of the bowl’s surface and the intricate detail of its imagery hint not only at the potential individuality of the piece but also at its complexity. Clearly, only a professional master would be able to achieve such quality of an item, and the cost would be respectively high. Therefore, only a wealthy individual would be able to afford such a piece.
Executive Summary The present paper is devoted to the situational analysis of the Johnson and Johnson (JJ), a prominent international healthcare company based in the US (“Johnson & Johnson” par. 1). The analysis reveals that JJ’s strengths allow it to manage relatively well in the current economic difficulties and the situation of tough competition, but JJ is not unaffected by these primary threats to its current and near-future operation. The principal aim of the company is to keep and possibly advance its position in the market, which can be achieved through R&D investment in the most rapidly developing sectors (such as oncology). Trends Within The External Environment Social Trends The significant social trends include the promotion of education, the decrease in the people’s reliance on religion, and the promotion of human rights and equality, all of which allows the population of the world to realize their healthcare needs. All these trends are an opportunity for JJ. Technology Developments The main trend in medical technology development is its constant improvement (“Our Health Care Products” par. 3). To stay competitive, JJ needs to invest in the R&D continuously, which can be regarded as an opportunity to discover new products. Economic Factors The world is still recovering from the recession, and the economic growth is minimal or nonexistent (UN 1-4). This trend is a threat to the international JJ: it appears to have resulted in a decrease of the company’s sales and income in 2015 (“Johnson & Johnson Reports” par. 1). Still, JJ is the 5th largest pharmaceutical and 6th largest biotech and consumer healthcare company in the world (“Investor Facts” 1). Its size, reputation and experience provide notable leverage in the situation of the crisis. At the same time, the US tends to demonstrate higher economic growth rates than most countries (UN 93-95). About 50% of JJ’s operations are carried out in the US, which makes this economic trend an opportunity that JJ is already exploiting (“Investor Facts” 1; Johnson & Johnson Reports” par. 2). Demographic Shifts The ageing of the population of the world is the logical consequence of increased lifespan (WHO 3-4). This trend is an opportunity for JJ since the processes of comfortable ageing are concerned with healthcare products, many of which the company offers (for example, those for diabetes or vision care). Political/Regulatory Elements Healthcare has always been promoted at governmental and international levels (WHO 4). The existing patent policy awards the temporary exclusive right for a new drug to the company that invents it (Mankiw 243). JJ regards this trend as an opportunity and actively invests in R&D (“Our Health Care Products” par. 4). Another political trend is the current geopolitical tensions, including terrorism, sanctions, and the refugee crisis (UN 1-2). This threat is connected to economic difficulties that have been mentione