ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Advertising Objective The purpose of a business is driven by the scope of the business idea upon which objectives or central objectives are vital installments of the business. In this case, a business has to be guided by a set of objectives that coincide with a brand name reflective of the products. This is a marketing proposal that is guided by a central objective of decentralizing the aspect of unhealthy living through the consumption of fast food. Chicken is one of the main content of the fast-food restaurant menu and an ingredient to various dishes prepared in this particular setting. The objective of this business plan is to provide a product loved by people but taken with caution because of its health issues. The centrality of this objective is to eliminate the aspect of the health concern in the product of interest. Product Name and Description The product name is Church’s Fried Chicken and the advertising objectives of the product are to reach out to the whole market of chicken lovers as well as convincing fast-food critics of the health safety of consuming Church’s Fried Chicken. In theory and practice, it is hard to convince a crowd with preconceived ideas about fast-food menu content on its safety. In this case, the concept of fried chicken is an idealized topic that travels through the shifting of paradigms. The purpose and main strategy of advertising the product are to rebrand the existing paradigms of fast food by reinventing the ingredients and laying out the factual health benefits of the product. Through this approach, the advertising would be programmed to attract realists rather than brainstorming the market with falsified information similar to those used for other products. Financial Objectives There are two financial objectives focused on in this proposal. These include; pulling customers and building a market share bigger than the currently leading vendors of fried chicken does. To achieve the financial objective of building a market share will incorporate price wars, delivery of quality service, and provision of market-standard product. The financial goals of this proposal include the achievement of marketing notoriety through the inclusion of product name that does not coincide or resemble the existing local or international brands. As popular as some product names are, their reputation over the decades has gone down – the likes of MacDonald’s. Church’s Fried Chicken is picked as a strong product name due to the twist brought by the first name. The purpose of picking the product name is to raise the curiosity of a new market while at the same time launching a product that reckons the existence of other products. Target Market and Country of Introduction The target market and the country of the introduction would go hand in hand to maximize and map the market share that would result from the initial operational period. The target market is not limited to a certain class of persons in terms of social standards, financial st
Abstract A narcissistic personality disorder is a mental problem where an individual develops a feeling that he or she is superior to other members of society. People who suffer from this disorder tend to look down upon other members of society. They would prefer using others to their own benefit and disregard the need to respect others or the law. Although there are no known biological causes of this disease, many medical practitioners have related it to poor parentage, where children are made to feel superior to other members of society. If left untreated, patients suffering from this disease may suffer from a series of social problems. They may not be able to have sustainable relationships in their lives. They may also react aggressively whenever they are criticized by anyone in society. In order to treat this disease, psychologists and physicians have always recommended the use of psychotherapy in order to correct the mental disorder. Defining narcissism Narcissism is a personality disorder that is a state of mind where an individual develops a feeling of superiority over others within a given social setting. Paris (2013) defines narcissism as “A mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance and a deep need for admiration.” As seen in this definition, this is a mental disorder where an individual feels overly superior to others in all spheres. They develop a strong sense of self-appreciation, always feeling superior to others in society. It is important to understand that narcissism is different from self- esteem or egocentric feelings. It goes beyond the two. It is a strong feeling of self-superiority that makes one feel that others are objects that do not deserve any form of attention. The fact that this feeling makes one despise others and over-value self is what makes it a disorder. People suffering from the disorder cannot relate with other members of t
Individuals working for an organization may tend to use their powers and privileges in pursuit of selfish agendas and interests, and in which way affect the efforts of the organization, and those of other employees within the organization, to achieve organizational goals. Some of the undue advantages to which people misuse include access to company assets, hierarchical privileges, and status. This greatly affects the behavior of other employees within the organization who might feel undermined. Office politics has a negative influence on information sharing, social grouping, employee cooperation, among other functions within an organization. One could simply define the relationship between colleagues at a time as the organization’s political landscape. This results because of the formal established reporting structure in any organization (Treadway et al 2005). Take for an example, an electrical contracting company where the line of command starts at the managing director, then to the general manager, then to the project manager, down to the project engineers, the project supervisors, and lastly to the technicians. If one of the links in the command chain misuses his privileges, politics are bound to arise. Suppose the managing director is personally spearheading a new initiative in the company, which should benefit all levels of the management structure. Rather, a technician makes some valuable innovation that he must report to the managing director through his seniors. For a company experiencing these pockets of politics, none of these two scenarios would effectively help the company in achieving its organizational objectives. Politicizing of issues within the organization may end up destroying the company in many more areas. May at a certain instant the project manager may use. Whereas it is not possible to eliminate politics in any organization, it is important for companies to recognize weaknesses in their systems that contribute to the existence and growth of politics within these organizations. Manipulation and gossiping are at the root of office politics. With manipulation, one of the parties involved uses unorthodox means to achieve selfish goals. Take for the case of the usual work place environment where resources are limited. People have the tendency of using these resources to achieve meet their expectations at the expense of their coworkers. For instance, if three people apply for a promotion, the expectation is that promotion will go the best person. If either of the candidates believes that they are at a low possibility of getting the promotion, they will use such means as influence and coercion in order to get the promotion. If such acts of manipulation come to the light at any time, those executing the scheme of
Conventional assessment Standardized tests and essay exams are two examples of conventional types of assessments. Standardized tests are commonly used in academic institutions as a means of summative evaluation after the end of an academic period. Essay tests involve a short piece of writing about a particular subject by a student as part of a course of study. Essays require that the students express themselves in writing from their understanding of a topic. However, there has to be key points that the examiner would look out for when reviewing essays. Advantages of Conventional assessment Standardized tests   * Standardized tests have been proven statistically to provide objective, measurable and concrete verification that learning has either occurred or not. The tests are both reliable and viable because of the statistical vetting and as a result it is possible for teachers to measure student’s learning outcomes and progress using the test.   * Standardized tests are used to provide meaningful feedback of student’s progress. Since the measure of learning is objective, the feedback can be used recommend appropriate learning programs for the students (McKenna & Walpole, 2005). The feedbacks are also helpful when it comes to rewarding deserving
Abstract Surrogacy is one of the most influential modern medical practices in the world. For this reason, it is crucial to note how the practice affects nurses and physicians, in general. The most common problems associated with surrogacy and nursing are ethical in nature. It is critical for nurses to do thorough medical checkups on their patients to solve the ethical dilemmas that might arise in relation to surrogacy. In addition, the intended parents and the surrogate mother have to explain decisions that are to be made based on medical emergencies in the contract. Being keen on these minute details will get rid of bias and confusion when the surrogate mother falls ill. The agreement should also make it easier for the nurses to make health decisions. Keywords: surrogacy, ethics in surrogacy, pros and cons of surrogacy Introduction Surrogacy is defined as the agreement between two parties to carry a pregnancy on behalf of the intended parents, with one or more members representing each party (Parks, 2010). In simpler terms, it is the carrying of a pregnancy by a woman who is not the biological mother of the child. Upon delivery, the child is given back to the biological parents. Surrogacy has been described as one of the best inventions in the modern medicine, as it has helped people who cannot have children for one reason or the other raise a family. However, there are some disadvantages that have been associated with surrogate parenting. This paper discusses the pros and cons of surrogacy, including those that are related to modern medicine and those that are ethical in nature. Additionally, it will discuss how the ethical issues have impacted nursing practice and how the concept can affect nursing, in general. The paper will prove that ethical dilemmas associated with surrogacy can cripple families and define some aspects of nursing in the future at the same time. Pros and Cons of Surrogacy from a Medical Point of View As mentioned, surrogacy has been described as one of the best inventions in modern medicine. One of the most relevant medical advantages of surrogacy is the advancement of modern medicine through the concept. For example, it is the idea of surrogacy that allowed scientists and medical practitioners to understand fully how to conceive a baby in the lab. Many surrogate mothers do not have intercourse with the man involved (Bailey, 2011). Medical practitioners realized that they could fertilize a woman’s egg using her husband’s sperm and then insert the fertilized egg into the womb of another woman. The idea of surrogacy was born to help people who could not give birth, but had no problem conceiving. This type of surrogacy is referred to as gestational surrogacy, as the woman who gives
Purpose of the Research The purpose of the study is clearly outlined in the article. The study uses multiple case studies design to investigate the information-seeking behaviour of the Arts administrators. The introductory part provides an analysis of the various case studies that are investigated. The author uses two approaches, hypothetical and literal replication strategy, in order to establish behaviour patterns as well as reveal new themes. The author, Lisl Zach, describe the various approaches that are undertaken in meeting the requirement of this study. Zach’s puts into consideration the critics that have been directed to the use of case studies in a research study. This approach of analyzing case studies in order to explain the research problem gives readers an understanding of the previous researches conducted on the subject matter and the gap of the researches. Research questions The research questions in which the research addresses includes; how can the arts administrators can retrieve the information they need? How can they establish that they possess enough and relevant information? What is the amount of time and effort they can use when seeking the relevant information? From these research questions, it is clear that the study’s central focus is on ways of accessing information by the arts administrators. The reader will be able to determine the research objectives of the study. Indeed, the use of multiple case studies for this research enhances the reader to have a clear comparison of the other researchers’ analysis of the problem under investigation. A single case study would have been biased, as there is no exploration of the replica studies. Hypothesis and Theoretical Framework The hypothesis for the study is not clearly stated, but the reader can understand the assumptions put forward by the author. In addition, the author does not state the null and alternate hypothesis. However, it can be deduced that the hypothesis for the study is to determine whether there is a positive information-seeking behaviour of the arts administrators in the society. Concerning the theoretical framework of the study, Zach does not provide a theoretical framework as the study focuses on multiple case studies. Ideally, theoretical framework would have been beneficial in analyzing the information-seeking behaviour of the arts administrators. Literature review The literature reviewed for this study focused on the previous case studies that were undertaken in relation to the information-seeking behaviour of the arts administrators. Zach examines the work of Yin (1994) in determining the effectiveness of replication strategy based on different experiments done on the subject under study. DiMaggio (1998) case study revealed that the arts administrators are notably well educated. These literature reviews, among others, was relevant to the research problem as it aimed at providing a clear picture on the way the arts administrators have resulted to seeking information for their success in the sector. T
Introduction Group dynamics is the study of the characteristic behaviors of a group of people. This study is relevant to psychological, sociological, and communication fields that are also socially related to each other. One of the general characteristics of groups is that the members develop norms, roles, specific relations and developments and behavioral changes. Organizational development group processes aid in understanding of the characteristic behaviors of the group members who are trying to settle a particular conflict. This work describes the characteristic behaviors of my group within our campus. Analysis of My Group I am a member of the environmental group in our campus that deals with matters of voluntary environmental management. We engage in voluntary clean up of the school compound and the neighborhood. Part of our projects also includes visiting high schools and holding talks to the respective environmental clubs. We also participate in outreach programs that aim at creating environmental awareness to members of the public. Other programs that we undertake include visiting rehabilitation facilities where we do some cleaning and care-taking to victims of drug addiction. This is one reason why many non-governmental organizations have begun to see the need of partnering with the club to enhance their agendas and also to help in establishing their directions (Gottlieb, 2005). Partnering helps the NGOs recognize specific talents and develop skills to students who may be considered for employment in the future. Currently, the group has close to two hundred members. Since it is quite challenging for the entire group to visit one particular area in the same time, we are usually split into smaller and more manageable groups that do not exceed twenty five people. Thus, at one instance, the entire environmental awareness group can visit several places with the smaller groups acting as the representatives of the whole group. Membership to this group requires that one must be a bonafide student in the campus. There is also a registration fee of twenty dollars per student and an annual subscription of half that amount, which is ten dollars per student. Once one becomes a member, they get to enjoy many privileges. The privileges include automatic connection to field attachments during the long breaks. They also include subsidized prizes for the quarterly magazines. One also will get the opportunity of taking part in the annual open days. The environmental club does not discriminate on gender, race or skin color. Students from all walks of life are therefore encouraged to become members. This is because the society’s activities also help fill up the free time between lessons to ensure that students engage in activities that do not waste their time while in campus (Bernstein & Kaufmann, 2008). The goals of the group include creating environmental awareness so that people stay in a clean environment. This is the reason why the group has gone to the extent of cleaning up
Introduction Sustainability reporting and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are in high interdependence, as the CSR describes the company’s values, and the sustainability reporting portrays the organizational compliance with its vision. These matters can be considered as a necessity since it assists in monitoring the company’s influence on the fluctuations in the environment. In turn, it contributes to the understanding that the enterprises have to understand the vitality of the social responsibility and possibility of their influence on their brand images (McWilliams, Siegel & Wright 2006). Sustainability reporting implies measuring the capabilities of the organization while considering internal and external stakeholders towards sustainable development (Wieriks 2013). Additionally, it contributes to the understanding of the current non-financial performance of the organization with the focus on the environmental changes (McElroy & Engelen 2012). In turn, sustainability management implies the sufficient distribution of the resources to minimize the impact on the environment and surroundings by optimizing production (Cohen 2014). Comparison of Sustainability Management in Coca-Cola and Inditex The primary goal is to provide analysis of sustainability management and reporting in Coca-Cola and Inditex while focusing on the ability to solve material issues, relationship with stakeholders, and compliance with the United Nations Compact for Business. Coca-Cola’s engagement with stakeholders can be described efficiently with the assistance of Figure 1. In this instance, the company tends to mention that it cherishes relationships will all the participants of the chain and highlights the vitality of the rights and ecologically friendly practices. In turn, Appendix 1 depicts the company’s values while providing the plan of the Coca Cola’s social commitments to the world, environment, and individual users ( Coca-Cola: 2014/2015 sustainability report 2015). It remains evident that the company pays high attention to the maintenance of trusting relationships with the participants of the sales process. Figure 1. Coca-Cola’s value chain (Coca-Cola: 2014/2015 sustainability report 2015). In turn, Inditex also focuses on providing sustainability at different levels, for instance, it tends to provide extended training for the employees, cultivate the essentiality of the audit, and improvement of the eco-efficiency ( Inditex annual report 2014). Further information about the company’s milestones in 2014 can be found in Appendix 2. In this instance, it remains apparent that the primary similarity is the necessity to offer a sustainable environment for the participants in the value chain to assure compliance with the enterprises’ visions. In turn, both of the companies pay substantial attention to dealing with the crucial issues. Figure 2 presents the chart of the hierarchy of the most critical concerns and problems for Inditex. In this instance, the ability to assure the assurance of human rights c
Communication Theory         Propaganda Theory                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Meaning                      The propaganda theory explains how social, political, and economic attitudes are manufactured to manipulate the populace, for the sake of the welfare of entities with power and money.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Invention                    Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky introduced the theory in their book, Manufacturing Consent – The Political Economy of the Mass Media , which was published in 1988. However, later on, Herman and Chomsky updated the theory in 2002.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Development                  The concepts of the propaganda theory were obtained from the publications written by Harold Dwight Lasswell, on political and wartime propaganda between the 1920s and 1940s. In addition, Herman and Chomsky inculcated the concepts presented by Jacques Ellul regarding the sociological techniques of propaganda and the media between the 50s and 60s.                                                                                                                         Theory used in studies       The propaganda theory connects with other critical approaches in communications studies in several ways. For instance, it is closely associated with Frankfurt School’s analysis. The typical starting point of these two approaches is the critique of instrumental reason. Moreover, it is used in understanding power in all its forms (power to manipulate public discourse and perception of key topics, to ignore other subjects, to mold knowledge and to moderate dissent). Practical application        The propaganda model can be applied to critique the asymmetric power structures and the instrumentalization of people, be it in institutions, culturally or otherwise, that sustain authoritarian and hierarchical s