ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The book of Job portrays that Satan has supernatural powers to make people suffer. Satan wanted to attack Job in order to tempt his faith so he asked for permission from God who restrained his powers as shown in chapter one. Job was considered God’s servant because he was blameless, upright and never did evil in the sight of the Lord. His three friends Eliphaz, Bildad and Zaphor could not understand why worst calamities befell the best man on earth. They were so cruel to him and condemned him. They argued that God was punishing Job and that he deserved all that happened to him. He even became a subject of mockery to his wife who asked him to denounce his faith in God. The events in this book are similar to a courtroom drama with long speeches between Job and his friends. In most chapters Job listened to his friends’ arguments regarding punishment and suffering but deep in his soul he knew they were wrong. The argument originated from the belief held by Job’s three friends that God is always fair and loves his people, and that suffering is meant for bad people while prosperity is for the righteous. They believed that a just God would protect his servant from suffering so they were convinced that Job must have sinned against God and was being punished for it. Further series of speeches created emotional intensity. In chapters 4-14 his friends had hopes of winning him to their argument. In chapters 15-21, their speeches grew stronger and more threatening in the second cycle. Towards the end, from chapter 22, they concluded by accusing him which made him feel worse. As a result of their condemnation and arguments, God dismissed them all. Job was on trial and God himself allowed the devil to do so because he was so sure Job truly believed in him. As opposed to what Satan thought, Job was a true Servant, therefore, the argument that he never deserved what happened to him is true. Others may even call it ultimate suffering of an innocent man. At some point in his life, he asked himself question like “What did I do to deserve this suffering.” He also had some debate within himself where part of him wanted to give up while the other part encouraged him to hold on. The readers may know that Job truly deserved a better life because chapter one answered the main question asked by Job. However his friends were not aware that he had done nothing to deserve such extreme suffering. Though he believed God would finally show up and help him, he agreed with his friends’ argument and shifted positions therefore contradicting his faith. It is hard to believe in the unseen and so Job could easily agree to his friends’ argument because his God was nowhere to save him. However, even through
Introduction As part of my ongoing studies of various philosophies, I have been taking a keen interest on Buddhism, and I have reading about it in an attempt to understand the many schools Buddhism, its culture, beliefs and history in general, as well as its core teachings. I have been at the same time been comparing and contrasting the various elements of Buddhism thought of stoicism, Christianity and my own; however, I was curios about the reading culture in Buddhism practice. Houston is a large city with many Buddhist temples, I visited one temple; the Jade Buddha temple, in connection with the Texas Association. The temple was large with beautiful collection of buildings; the atmosphere was also very tranquil. Meditation starts from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., and Dharma philosophy from 10 a.m. to 10.30. a.m., although I had called earlier and I was informed of the time (Gateway magazine newsletter 2005: pp. 1-6). Main body At the entry way, a nice Youngman labeled ‘information’ lead me to back of the building where English Dharma discussion will be held. I took off my shoes and entered a room with short sitting benches, around the walls were also high sitting benches. A Buddhist nun, a bald woman by the name Ven. Shiou-Chih, was greeting and speaking to people. The woman seemed unapproachable, but during the lecture she was always smiling and ready to share personal anecdotes humorously. Mindfulness was the main theme of discussion; the mindfulness of our thoughts, actions and reactions; this is our efforts in working on building the habit of interjecting our conscious intellect between stimulus and response, however several other themes were discussed. During the discussion, several points were overlapping with other philosophic concepts that I had been thinking recently, but I am partial about the remarks the sister made about stoic philosophy; we can do things which we know are right, examine ourselves to see if a person is right about us, seek to understand them, but in the end, we can only do what we can do and therefore we must recognize and be contended with what we do since it is outside our control. Secondly on the Taoist Chuang-Tzu; in an attempt to make others understand our problem with them, one has to be patient, compassionate, and wait a proper time and manner in which they are receptive (Gateway magazine newsletter 2005: pp. 6-13). As a religion, all Buddhists believers while in the temple join their hands together and bow down in respect to Buddha; this is referred to as, the act of ‘gassho’. They bow and say ‘Namu Amida Butsu” (naw-moo-ah-mee-dah-boot-soo); ‘Namu’ during the act is used to indicate an attitude of a humble student to his teacher or a seeker of truth; ‘Amida Butsu’ means “Bow to the Dharma”. I imagined my head as a “cup” which is currently full of self-centeredness and ego, the act of bowing will “empty my cup”; but according to them the “cup” gets filled with Dharma or truth; this is
In their study Dynamic Capabilities, Deliberate Learning and Environmental Dynamism: a Simulation Model , Romme, Zollo, and Berends aimed to define the effects of deliberate learning – DL (with its integral components being the experience accumulation – AE, knowledge articulation – KA and knowledge codification – KC) on the extent of an organization’s dynamic capability. For this purpose, the authors conducted a number of simulation experiments (concerned with simulating the impacts of the earlier mentioned forms of DL on the operational routines – OR), during the course of which it was determined that, contrary to what many researchers tend to assume, the effects of this type of learning on the organization’s systemic functioning are rather counterintuitive. As the authors pointed out: “The simulation experiments… demonstrate that the impact of deliberate learning on dynamic capability is non-linear and complex in nature” (1290). Hence, the foremost idea that is being promoted throughout the study’s entirety: “Increasing levels of deliberate learning investments produce both positive and negative effects on the organization’s ability to adapt its operations” (1275). According to Romme, Zollo, and Berends, this can be explained by the fact that, even though the knowledge-related intensification of OR does result in increasing the measure of a particular organization’s operational flexibility, this comes at the expense of the same organization being required to invest into the process a number of often scarcely available resources. The authors also point out the additional factors that contribute to the above-mentioned phenomenon, such as the fact that the functioning of just about any organization can be discussed in terms of thermodynamics. This, of course, implies that the long-term effects of how managers go about ensuring the organization’s continual competitiveness cannot be predicted with a high degree of certainty. What adds even more to such a state of affairs is that there is the element of a cognitive subjectivity to how managers/employees perceive the notion of DL, in the first place. Even though the study by Romme, Zollo, and Berends, does help readers to obtain a number of in-depth insights into how DL affects the structural/functional integrity of an organization, it cannot be referred to as such that represents a high practical value. The authors’ main flaw, in this respect, appears to be the fact that, while understanding perfectly well that, due to the concerned subject matter’s relativist essence, it cannot be thoroughly rationalized, they nevertheless proceeded to tackle the issue within the rationale-based methodological framework. As a result, the study in question ended up containing several semi-mathematical formulas/equations, which given the sheer subjectivity of the issue at stake, appear utterly out of place. This is exactly the reason
Ms. Gregorio’s approach of encouraging the use of cognates resonates with the instructional nature of elaboration. Elaboration theory argues that easier learning is achieved through organization of facts from the simplest to the most complex ones. Therefore, elaboration assumes that the easier learning content should precede the more complex ideas. Ms. Gregorio is upholding this concept by ensuring that her students use the simpler lingual notions to understand the more complex English-language concepts. This approach has several benefits to learners one of which is encouraging students to foster meanings of complex English-language concepts using their native languages. In addition, this approach enables students to rapidly prototype the instructions’ development process. Elaboration allows Ms. Gregorio to instil broader language concepts in the students before indulging into the narrow ones. The key role of metacognition is to enable students to take control of their thinking process while learning. Ms. Gregorio tries to achieve this by teaching students using text-noting techniques among other metacognitive skills. The concept of metacognition advances the notion that when learners become aware of their thinking process, it is easier for them to learn. Therefore, through these memory tricks Ms. Gregorio’s students will be able to enhance their attention in class, control their learning goals, and understand their learning dispositions. Nevertheless, each metacognition skill can only apply to a selective group of students and Ms. Gregorio has to employ as many of these memory tricks as possible. When teaching using memory tricks, Ms. Gregorio should be aware of the timing element in the application of each trick. According to metacognition scholars and theorists, recognizing the correct moment of using a certain metacognitive strategy is more important than knowing how to use the strategy itself. The concept of working memory maintains that it takes time for the brain to complete the cognitive mechanism. The working memory enables a learner to assess and process information to and from the long-term memory. This is the reason why Ms. Gregorio pauses between learning steps to enable her students’ cognitive processes to be completed. Different individuals have different capacities when it comes to working memories and Ms. Gregorio seems to be aware of this fact. If a learner is faced by information processing demands that surpass his/her working memory’s ability, he/she will be unable to learn properly. However, by using step-by-step teaching processes Ms. Gregorio is able to limit her learner’s information processing demands. Moreover, pausing when teaching gives the student’s working memory time to finish processing previous information before taking in new one.
The education system of the United Arab Emirates is relatively new and has gone through major changes between the 1950s and 2010s (UAECD, 2011). Development of the education system allowed the country to reach significant improvement in the educational coverage of the population: “In 2006-2007, approximately 650,000 students were enrolled at 1,256 public and private schools. About 60% of all students attend public schools” (UAECD, 2011, para. 1). The continued education reform is now focused on achieving a better quality of education, greater accountability, and improved professionalism, which is why the widespread use of portfolio assessment technique is beneficial for the country’s education system. Portfolio assessment is an efficient educational practice if applied in the right way. Studies found that it increases students’ autonomy and promotes fairness of grading (Flores, Simao, Barros, & Pereira, 2015). However, this practice has to be implemented correctly to achieve a positive effect. For instance, in most learning environments, using individual portfolio assessment is more effective than using group portfolio assessment (Flores et al., 2015), so I choose to use this practice in the classroom unless a certain project requires assessing students in groups. Secondly, given the contemporary interest of children and young adults in new technologies and their excellent abilities to use it, I also want to introduce web-based portfolios as they help to develop the students’ digital literacy, as well as allow to keep the students’ work and reflections to be able to evaluate their progress in the future (Forawi, Almekhlafi, & Al-Mekhlafy, 2012). Finally, I aim to tailor the portfolio assessment system following the current needs of the students. For example, portfolio assessment in secondary education should be aimed at promoting the students’ reflection on their work, whereas higher education normally requires comparing the student’s work with certain research standards. Overall, I believe that portfolio assessment would be very relevant in the UAE education environment. The correct implementation of the practice, however, will require a substantial effort to make sure it produces the results that are good both for students’ perception of self and their abilities and for the promotion of modern education techniques all over the country.
Introduction The world currently conducts most of its businesses electronically by putting into use the services of various electronic commerce solutions. Some of the deals are transacted through e-commerce; they include people buying books on the Internet, a firm ordering and paying for supplies through electronic auctions; hotel rooms are being booked online and people can easily withdraw money from an automated teller machine. Others include using the services of telephone interactive systems, given by the seller and enjoyed by a business client. Business companies have to establish a working agreement with the electronic commerce solutions. The components of the electronic systems include electronic data interchange translator that conveys the information provided by companies into a format that can be understood by customers, or value added network services that deal with the storing and transmitting business messages, among others. Relaying messages in either a bisynchronous manner or asynchronous way falls under communication in the components. Electronic commerce has taken a very crucial role in the consumer market. This system of doing business allows business transactions anytime and anywhere in the world taking into consideration the fact that, it is reasonably cheap. E-commerce challenges facing Bigbook Bigbook is a company that went online with its brand of books a few years ago. This has made it possible for clients to access its books online; they make payment, at the same time enjoying the benefit of the delivery of the books ordered. The economic challenges The e-commerce industry that has advanced information technology has created a competitive marketplace by making it open. However, there are challenges; some of them Bigbook faces are in areas that include providing a secure seamless site with adequate infrastructural support (Kalakota & Winston 1997). This support is very important in the transmission of business information that is integrated in a reliable way. Bigbook clients use their web site domain to order and procure the books they need. The consumers use this site to procure goods and services. Challenges from regulators The other e-commerce challenge Bigbook faced is failure by its clients in identifying e-commerce transactions. This arises from the failure by the company to implement its e-commerce program fully. This is attributed to the complex nature of the program introduced by the regulators such as SEC and FCC. The four infrastructural dimensions also pose various challenges Bigbook is currently facing. Bigbook pays a lot for the services rendered to them by electronic commerce solutions (Bell 2002). Due to the new nature of the business in the current competitive markets, the services are implemented without clear justification of the costs. Bigbook has always outsourced these services as developing the same is very complicated. The driving force behind this project for Bigbook is improving customer service and relations. The company also hopes to benefit
Introduction Brothels and red rights streets are destinations, houses or spaces provided or offered to accommodate commercial sex workers. They are licensed houses or rooms specifically meant to accommodate commercial sex workers mainly in major towns. From time in memorial, brothels and red rights were a confined location for commercial sex workers (May, Page & Brunsdon, 2001). This form of business started in twelfth century and still in force today. As a result, it has come to be known as the oldest profession in history. Brothels were and still are organized institutions that manage the business of prostitution across the world. Background Prostitution started as an ethical act within the society. However, with time, the profession assumed an ugly face, developing into a huge vice that could not be stopped merely by setting laws to guide the individuals partaking in it. Prostitution is a deep-seated evil that is slowly getting into our day- to- day life. It has turned to be one of the sources of employment among the jobless youths. The brothel business in London started in a town known as Liberty which was under the authority of the Bishop of Winchester. This was the first organized and prudently managed brothel in history. Prostitutes were stationed there all round the clock where they would be useful in helping to meet the increased demand for prostitution services needed in the town. The reasons behind the increased need for prostitution services were as a result of increased number of industries in the area. An increase in the economic development resulted in rural -urban migration mainly of males, leaving back their spouses at home so as to work in the newly opened industries in the urban centers. With time, these males felt deprived of their sexual needs since they had left their spouses back at home for a long and they did not wish to go back home out of fear of losing their jobs. Therefore, the males therefore had no choice but to the streets in search of willing women to satisfy their sexual needs (May et al, 2001). The need to operate an organized prostitution based center for prostitutes were necessitated by unhealthy competition among the sex workers in the area. Brothels at this initial stage were recognized by the Liberty location authority (London) and were granted a license to operate freely. Although prostitution was a legal profession in the eyes of the local authority bodies, on the other hand, the general public did not appreciate it at all. In the Christian based societies, prostitution remained an evil and unacceptable activity (Allen 2009). As a way of demonstrating their disapproval of the involvements of men and women in prostitution, the churches stopped giving Christian burial services to those who were known to partake in the vice. In addition, such individuals w
Abstract Home Interior’s Ltd was established in 2002, as a designers’ office for planning cosy home interiors, office business environment and others such as exhibitions, clubhouses, shop decorations or window displays. As interior design becomes more and more important in any business sphere, such designing companies have sufficient chances to succeed, if the services they provide are really high-quality. The research is claimed to analyze the key concepts of a company’s market activity. It includes the analysis of internal and external factors of the company activity. The product life cycle analysis includes both theoretical and practical data, related to interior design marketing in general, and interior design in particular. The work is also about to regard such theoretical approaches as SWOT analysis and Boston Matrix. Introduction The interior design market is a steadily growing segment in the world market. It is considered, that the nearest future will be rather fruitful for the further development of that segment, and especially the Asian market of design is about to grow. But the design approach in Asia corresponded with the global demand calamity for the designers’ services. The case of Asian market growth will be regarded in one of the following chapters. The regarded company tends to grow rapidly in the signified market sector, and the statistics show that is steadily approaching the maturity stage (according to the life cycle analysis). The internal environment of the enterprise The team of the company – is the professional designers, who are abl
Writing is the critical driver of knowledge economy. Therefore, writing for a living is becoming an indispensable ingredient of the global economic routine. Brandt (2005) and Bisaillon (2007) suggest that writing/ editing for a living is an inevitable byproduct of the global development, since writing is the foundation and vehicle for profit making and economic trade. Writing for a living is a serious issue: on the one hand, it helps to improve the quality and efficiency of the writing tasks and, consequentially, speed up the economic and social progress. On the other hand, writing is a unique and complex process, which is inseparable from individual experiences and personal narratives. So, can professional writers and editors deliver a unique, personal message in ways that do not disrupt but, on the contrary, contribute to the stable relationship between writing and selling knowledge? Brandt (2005) and Bisaillon (2007) discuss the issue from the two different perspectives. In the article “Professional editing strategies used by six editors “, Bisaillon (2007) uses the example of professional editing and draws a distinct line between professional editing and self-revision. According to Bisaillon (2007), professional editing is very similar to self-revision. Yet, the former occurs independently of the writing process, whereas the latter is actually the third writing subprocess, after planning and drafting. Bisaillon (2007) defines professional editing as an activity that requires comprehending and evaluating a text within the limits of the assignment provided by the client. Professional editors face considerable difficulties, when they try to preserve and enhance communicational effectiveness of the given text. The fact is professional editors earn their living by working on texts that were devised by other people (Bisaillon, 2007). As a result, they are limited in their editing opportunities and must not intervene with the authors’ ideas and thoughts. Simultaneously, they must understand the text they are editing, to ensure that the finished product promotes a stable relationship between writing and selling knowledge. Questions for Discussion What is the most important component of the editing process? Does the growing demand for editing mean that the level of global literacy is too low for effective self-revision? In the article “Writing for a living: Literacy and the knowledge economy”, Brandt (2005) talks about writing and its implications for economic growth. Brandt (2005) writes that workshop writing is essentially the same as manufacturing or creating a new commercial product (Brandt, 2005). Editors face numerous constraints that are imposed on them by their clients, and professional writers are being pressured by other high-s