ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Obesity has been medically defined as a condition whereby there is an excess accumulation of body fat that is likely to result into health complications, heart diseases, difficulty in breathing, insomnia, diabetes among others, and in turn reduce an individual’s life expectancy. The excess of accumulation of fat in the body in most cases causes an individual to gain excessive body weight and to be extremely big in size. Assessment of obesity is mainly done using what is referred to as Body Mass Index, a measurement that measures an individual’s body weight in relation to the height. A BMI measure of over 30kg/m 2 ranks one as being obese. As the prevalence of obesity continues to be on the rise in many parts of the world, medical practitioners, individuals and the society as a whole have continued to blame the occurrence of this disease to a number of factors that include, poor eating habits, lack of exercises, genetics as well as stress and depression thus developing an obesity blame culture. This paper looks at this rising blame culture with emphasis being on genetics, poor eating habits, stress and depression as being the major factors that have been regarded by the society as being the major causes of the disorder. The Blame Culture Obesity has been declared as being one of the most serious diseases that is causing most deaths in many parts of the world today. Prevalence has especially been reported in children and adults. These finding has rendered the disease as being a serious public health issue in the 21 st century (Haslam, 2005). As the more and more people become obese, the blame culture in the continued rise of obesity cases all over the world is an area that has received much concern from medical practitioners, nutritionists as well as researchers with the aim of finding out the real causes of obesity. It is through the identification of these real cause that real and effective solutions , curative as well as preventive measures will be put in place to help deal with the disorder (Caballero, 2007). Three main factors have been regarded as being some of the factors that cause an individual to be obese. These include genetics, stress and depression as well as poor eating habits. Genetics Though genetics has been said to be a causer of obesity in individuals, research has proved that rather than it being a cause, it increases the chances of obesity occurrence in various ways. One such way is through the fact that the various body metabolic and digestive processes that include fat storage, conversion of fat into energy, blood glucose metabolism as well as hormone production are controlled by genes. Individuals or members of a particular family may therefore possess genes whose level of metabolism is very slow and that promote a very high fat accumulation rate thus resulting into excessive fat accumulation in the body, a condition likely to result into obesity. On the other hand, if the genes are those of high metabolic rates, then that means that excessive fat is shed off from the body very easily and fast thus reducing t
One of the major problems of Hillsborough County is safety on the major roads. Many cities have already banned panhandling and others are only about to do this. It goes without saying that panhandlers distract drivers’ attention which often leads to various accidents on the roads. Many panhandlers and drivers get injuries or even die during such accidents. Admittedly, the ban will improve situation on the roads. However, many people are preoccupied with the negative outcomes of the ban claiming that it will deprive many homeless or simply not well-to-do people of getting money for living. More so, many people argue that criminalization of panhandlers may lead to numerous negative outcomes like overpopulation of jails, worsening of economical situation in the area. Thus, the panhandling ban should be accompanied by certain measures aimed at helping homeless people or people in need. It is necessary to point out that there are many organizations which carry out programs aimed at helping people in need, so many effective tools of solving such problems do exist. In such a case the enactment of laws restricting panhandling will benefit the safety of all concerned. Admittedly, medians and intersections are dangerous for panhandlers, so panhandling for hours each day is a dangerous activity. In the first place, panhandlers might get sick or dehydrate because of the sun exposure. Apart from this, such activity is dangerous for panhandlers since it often lead to serious injuries. For instance, the panhandler may be injured during the exchange by a jutting wing mirror. Moreover, drivers often distract from the road when giving money to panhandlers. This leads to numerous accidents involving panhandlers and other pedestrians. Besides, panhandlers often behave in a careless manner which can cause accidents and even fatalities. For instance, when panhandlers see a driver who is going to give money, they often stop paying attention to what is happening on the road. These panhandlers may be run over (or hit) by another car. They can also cause accident involving other pedestrians and drivers. Statistic data prove that the majority of fatalities on the road occur because of the lack of attention of both drivers and panhandlers. For instance, in 2008 72% of fatalities occurred in urban areas, 89% of such fatalities occurred in normal weather conditions (Traffic Safety Facts 1). Admittedly, the urban areas are dangerous because of the busy traffic. Drivers and panhandlers need to be very attentive to move safely. Thus
Emergency department overcrowding by pediatric patients is an issue that requires an effective solution. Complex and varied reasons cause constant visits that lead to overcrowding. Such factors range from minimal pediatric facilities in the hospitals to minimal access to primary care providers. They also include the influx of fully insured people who require immediate hospital services which results from emergency rooms. Currently, pediatric patients, mainly those looking for primary care services, mostly opt to pursue medical care in the emergency department instead of primary care providers due to inadequate asthma control. There is, therefore, a need to create a sustainable plan to reduce the visits. Program Value To resolve the issue, the best evidence-based model is the 5 A’s Behavior Change Model, whose elements include Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange. The model is significant because it will allow clinicians to engage pediatric patients in decision-making and realistic planning concerning their future health status. Medical caregivers can easily involve younger age patients to a minimum of three years in their health assessment process. Compared to other similar models, using the 5A’s makes it possible for such assessment to be carried between the patient and healthcare provider easily. 5A’s program should be scaled up because its model portions, namely, Ask, Advise, and Assess, support in identifying the pediatric patient variables by inquiring about the habits and frequency of behaviors that affect their health. Moreover, it benefits in advising whether the actions have either negative or positive effects on their health. The model also helps assess the patient’s readiness to reduce or quit the harmful manners (Beebe et al., 2019). After the behavior identification and goal setting process, the Assist stage of the model aids the clinicians in providing the necessary interventions. Scalability In terms of cost, the program is scaled up to approximately $1,110. The rate will involve 19 Nursing practitioners using 10 minutes of calls under the NP salary of 65 dollars per hour, therefore, totaling 205 dollars. This will be a cost-effective way to help many pediatric patients as compared to the previous methods. The return on the investments will be 5.41 for every 1.00 dollar spent. The process will take at least six months for scaling to be effective. The scaling will also increase awareness for the delayed or problematic outpatient follow-up for primary care. The program will also be scaled up by administering the inhaled corticos
Synopsis This paper provides acumen into the occurrence of the global depression of the 1890s. It is founded on the words of Henry Lawson ‘there is no prison like the city for a poor man.’ The introductory section provides a general explanation of the occurrence of the depression. The background information expounds on the various situations that led to the economic instability that resulted in a crisis. The rest of the paper then explains the specific causes of the depressions and its effects on white men and women. Introduction The 1890s marked a significant shift that caused a prolonged period of economic instability all over the world. The depression had severe implications on the lives of many communities globally. According to Rockoff, employment became a palpable problem due to the closure of gold mines and industries in various parts of the world such as Australia, Canada, and the United States 1 . Floating markets and flooding of both local and export products changed the trends of industrial production since consumers offered incredibly low prices in exchange for commodities. A variety of factors led to the depression of the 1890s. Generally, the depression led to global trade and industry volatility that broke many business interrelationships among nations. Inspired by the depression, Henry Lawson wrote ‘there is no prison like the city for a poor man’. In the light of these words, this paper reveals the causes of the depression in the 1890s and the effects it had on the white women and men. Background of the Depression During the last half of the 19 th century, the world underwent a series of technological advancements that played a great role to change the way people lived. Himmelberg unveils that the advancement of the whaling industry together with the invention of petroleum revolutionised industrial activities 2 . This situation led to significant developments in mining and agricultural industries between 1870s and the late 1880s. Countries developed strong interrelations with the British and the European colonies whose financial support enabled the expansion of industries 3 . The enormous expansion of the mining industry attracted many people. For instance, the Chinese people immigrated to Australia to seek job opportunities in the gold mines. The discovery of gold resulted in the gold rush era that amplified the interest of other countries in Australia and the United States. Similarly, the agricultural sector also expanded. Production accelerated in textile industries, thus leading to increased exports to Britain, Europe, and other countries that formed huge markets for the growing industries. Some industrialising countries, especially Canada, the United States, and Australia gained significant global reputation after enjoying social, economic, and political stability. By the third quarter of1880s, developed economies had entered important business interrelations with these countries. Foreign investments in these countries became evident as alien powers ventured into the most significant economic sectors. British
A shareholder is a person who buys or receives securities from an issuing company in exchange for material or intellectual resources. Several types of capital are often attracted for the development of a private enterprise. Contributions can be financial, in the form of personnel and equipment. In addition, risk diversification (minimization) is a logical explanation for why an entrepreneur wants to share industrial responsibility with other partners. For several people to become co-owners of the company, the capital is converted into shares. This usually happens during a period of steady economic growth of the enterprise, when the founders attract new funds for business development. The scope of shareholders’ rights depends on the number and category of shares owned (the basic rights of the owners of ordinary shares). A shareholder exercises his management rights directly (for example, by selecting the company’s management bodies and approving major transactions) only if alone (Wamba et al., 2018). If there are two or more shareholders, the shareholders exercise their management rights by participating in the general meeting of shareholders. To a large extent, income formation occurs at the expense of the first concept, dividends. It follows from this that the more shares, the more income the shareholder receives. Dividends can be expressed in a specific amount or as a percentage. Moreover, this indicator is regulated by the statutory documents and the decision of the Board of Directors. The shareholder will receive capital gains only if the shares are sold at a higher price. If this does not happen, then the income is unrealized. Capital gains can even be negative when stocks have been sold at a price lower than they were bought. In conclusion, the profession of a shareholder is suitable for anyone who knows the specifics of this work. The main thing is to have an identity document. To get a position as a shareholder, you need to purchase shares from their owner or contact a broker (intermediary). If an investor owns shares, then he is a shareholder. In most cases, investors hold most of the money in stocks in investment portfolios since this method of storing money provides the greatest profit. Reference Wamba, L. D., Braune, E., & Hikkerova, L. (2018). Does shareholder-oriented corporate governance reduce firm risk? Ev
Introduction Corporate responsibility comes hand in hand with corporate governance and organizational structure. The practice of the latter is a representation of the former. Corporate governance provides the basis for a stable and productive business environment. It can be especially important in emerging markets and to firms that seek to distinguish themselves in the global economy (Economic Perspective, 2006). Knowing what corporate governance and responsibility are and their impact on the investors in a particular country had become one of the major concerns of globally individual strategies only on their way to becoming one. Getting acquainted with the principles governing corporate governance, organizational structure, as well as ethical considerations of leadership and corporate management, will further help the economic progress of the country and create a strong and stable economic status. Good corporate governance attracts more investors upon which contributes to an increase in power in the global context. Fundamental principles Several fundamental principles involve the achievement of responsible corporate governance. The first principle establishes the roles of management and the board, with a balance of skills, experience, and independence on the board appropriate to the nature and extent of company operations stated under the second principle. Integrity is as well significant in attaining strong corporate governance thus, its importance among those who can influence a company’s strategy and financial performance, together with responsible and ethical decision-making encompasses the third principle (ASX Corporate Governance Council, 2006). The fourth principle tries to meet the information needed of a modern investment community that is paramount in terms of accountability and attracting capital, as well as presenting a company’s financial and non-financial position requires processes that safeguard, both internally and externally, the integrity of company reporting. The provision of a timely and balanced picture of all material matters makes up the fifth principle. The rights of company owners, that is shareholders, need to be recognized and upheld is contained within the sixth principle (ASX Corporate Governance Council, 2006). The elements of uncertainty The elements of uncertainty that carries a risk that can be managed through effective oversight and internal control hold the seventh principle, and the maintenance of the pace with the modern risks of the business and other aspects of governance requires formal mechanisms that encourage enhanced board and management effectiveness is on ASX’s eighth principle. ASX, furthermore, has added the principles concerning the rewards needed to attract the skills required to achieve the performance expected by shareholders that are contained in its ninth principle. Finally, the tenth prin
Financial Analysis Every organization is required to perform financial analysis to identify current and future budgetary needs. Healthcare organizations are no exception and need to evaluate their financial data to ensure that they can formulate decisions based on reliable data (Burgess & Radnor, 2013). Analyzing an organization’s finances begins by evaluating how much is being spent by that organization and identifying the different items on which the organization spends its financial resources. Based on these needs, the following section of this paper will carry out an economic analysis of the healthcare center where the field practicum was undertaken. This will comprise an analysis of various tools used for budgetary measures, including the way the organization carries out its budget process, as well as an evaluation of the organization’s balance and cash flow sheets. Based on the outcome of the analysis, the report will seek to provide some recommendations for the organization. Budgeting The survival of healthcare organizations is mainly dependent on internal and external factors that have a bearing on the operational aspects of an organization’s different departments. One of the most fundamental aspects of determining the internal environment of a healthcare organization is budgeting. The budget process determines the confines within which the organization should operate during a specific period while allowing managers to report variances and offer their teams the guidance they need to navigate the different challenges that they may encounter (Liebler & McConnell, 2016). The budget process at the health center was carried out using teamwork to ensure that the contributions of different staff members were taken into account during the process. Including staff contributions in the process of budget, preparation enables the organization to ensure that all are invested in the achievement of the organization’s different goals. For example, the inclusive budget process that was adopted at the health center ensured that the staff members were aware of the resources available to accomplish their goals as well as able to anticipate the amount of money that could be used for their remuneration and welfare. Such knowledge ensured that the management would enjoy more cooperation from staff when dealing with various human resource issues in the organization. After obtaining feedback from staff members, the management engaged in statistical operations as the second step of the budget process at the health center. At this stage, the departmental heads were expected to provide a measurable or quantified description of the requirements to be undertaken in the next financial period. For example, in this step, the human resource department provided the estimated figures for the amount of money they expected to use for salaries, while the supplies department provided estimates related to the expected purchases for the next financial period. The estimates provided during the statistical planning phase were based on the
Relevance of Inflation Targeting in the Post-Great Recession Economic Environment The recent global economic crunch has elicited several debates. Observably, economic policies have been affected by these debates. Coupled with high rates of underemployment and unemployment, post-great recession remains as a notable economic catastrophe (De Mello 11). Even brilliant global economies have felt the pinch considerably. Public and private debts within states have immensely grown. Economists have diverse perceptions on the concept of inflation targeting. Some policy makers have also regarded recession as a replication of consumer bubble. However, the greatest challenge for policy makers is how to get out of the economic mess. Most policymakers still view inflation targeting to be relevant in steering economy. There have been reiterations that the challenge of high consumer debt can be solved by raising inflation levels. Indicatively, high inflation reduces the challenges associated with debts. Basically, this is because the finances that an individual or economy owe have minimal value within a longer period. As stated by some economists, inflation targeting forces the companies that hoard massive financial reserves to channel them into expenditures (Billi & Kahn, 2008). In the long run, this has a positive impact on the entire economy. Therefore, because of inflation targeting, central banks create high levels of inflation through the increase of monetary supply. Targeting inflation remains relevant in this era. However, caution must be taken. This is because high levels of inflation may be very detrimental if not properly monitored. Debates supporting the concept of inflation targeting are premised on the idea that recession remains as a greater challenge relative to the state of high inflation. The Principal Premise Behind Inflation –Targeting Inflation is what occurs to the prices of basic commodities over a given period. In an economy, prices increase whenever there is a monetary expenditure. Notable impacts of inflation arise whenever there are excessive monetary expenditures within a concerned economy (Blejer, Ize, Leone, & Werlang 36). For instance, the demand is more likely to outrun the supply. Moreover, the levels of interest rates chargeable on borrowing get escalate. Technically, this initiative is undertaken to increase the loaning costs. This process also slows and minimizes the levels of cash entering a specific economy. Generally, inflation has the capacity to wear down the worth of cash within longer periods. Inflation targeting refers to a financial policy strategy. It is dominated by a publicized arithmetic inflation target. Inflation targeting operates in a flexible manner. The process endeavors to stabilize the general inflation. Inflation targeting can operate in both an explicit and implicit form (Billi & Kahn, 2008). The inflatio