ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This paper provides comprehensive information pertaining to various issues that affects operations in laboratory institutions with particular reference to California laboratory and health center. In particular, it discusses the institutions physician affiliation model, the trend of its financial performance, its strategic capital needs and its current service mix. Challenges that affects integration of physician affiliation models Indeed, there are various challenges that affect holistic integration of appropriate physician affiliation model that holds the capacity of transforming operations in various lab centers (Zismer & Thompson, 2012). The challenges that require adoption of conventional approaches to ensure that their effects are mitigated, have been affecting holistic integration of conventional medical practices in California lab center that adopts traditional medical affiliation model. Financial performance trend of California laboratory center Indeed, California laboratory center has been recording positive performance since its inception. Its profitability index has been increasing yearly due to its effective management. In particular, the institutions physician department recorded an increase of 2% in its profitability in the year 2012. The increase is attributable to the effective management of its cash inflows and outflows by its managers. This is evident since the management emphasizes on effective utilization of resources. Other factors that contribute to its high profitability include provision of quality services that enables it to attract more clients hence benefit from economies of scale, adoption of effective monetary policies and safeguards. The organization has also developed a viable strategy of cost management that will ensure that its performance trend continuous to increase in the years to come. Its effective financial management strategies give its stakeholders immense hope of achieving best returns and services from the institution (Zismer & Thompson, 2012). In particular, the institution plans to purchase new and modern medical equipments to boost service delivery. Similarly, it seeks to venture into other investment portfolios such as physical assets and stocks to expand its capital base. The organizations capital needs, possible options for investing and raising of capital Capital needs are long term and short term financial obligations that an institution plans to accomplish to aid the quality of service delivery (Zisme
OTC or ‘Over the Counter’ acid-reducing agents are drugs used by patients, who have complications related to excess acids. Although individuals can buy the agents from various approved pharmacies, they need to seek expert medical assistance before a purchase. The significance of looking for expert medical assistance before buying any OTC acid-reducing agent is necessary because the drugs have different functions and qualities. While some drugs are low in quality and have a number of side effects, others have excellent qualities and give exceptional results when used correctly. Some of the common acid-reducing agents comprise H2 Blockers, Antacids, Foaming Agents, and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI). The main role of these acid-reducing agents is to counter the effects associated with excess secretion of acids. Therefore, it is within this context, that the paper examines the pros and cons of OTC acid-reducing agents. Proper use of OTC acid-reducing agents have pros that lead to good and satisfying results to individuals suffering from acid related complications such as indigestion, heartburns, or ulcers. According to Kline and Westberg (2011), individuals need to ensure that the OTCs are safe and have the necessary approval before purchasing them. Some of the pros related to the agents are easy administration, minimized side effects, and effectiveness. Essentially, several approved acid-reducing agents are easy to use since they have clear prescriptions that specify the amount of doses that people of different ages and weights need to take. In addition, the agents have minimal side effects as they block acid release or alter the pH level of the stomach and in turn counter the problem of excess acid. Besides the ease in administration and minimal side effects, the agents are also very effective and most of them give results within short periods. Evidently, OTC acid-reducing agents have a number of cons that occasion from their use. Although some of the shortcomings associated with the agents arise from their improper use or wrong diagnosis, others have direct relationships with the subject agents. Douglas et al (2011) highlight that the challenges associated with wrong diagnosis are minimal since doctors and medical practitioners follow a standard code of conduct that govern their behavior and ensure excellent service delivery. Tolerance, decreased appetite, and the need for regular doses are among the cons initiated by the agents. Continued use of the agents can lead to a state of tolerance, and hence, render the agent ineffective. Therefore, the user does not get the expected results since the body becomes tolerant to the agents. Consequently, some agents such as PPI can at times lead to appetite loss and af
Research conducted by Dyson, Farrell, Polat, Hutcheson, and Gallannaugh (2007) aimed to explore the connections between inclusion and achievement in English mainstream schools. The methodology of the study was connected with conducting a statistical analysis of the nationwide data on school students at key stages 1 – 4 (Dyson et al., 2007). One of the key findings of the research is the very small statistical relationship between the inclusivity of children with special educational needs to mainstream schools in England and the achievements of their students (Dyson et al., 2007). However, it was found that inclusivity in mainstream schools could potentially improve the achievement of students in specific areas like understanding and social skills. The article presented a full picture of the research conducted on the topic of inclusion and how it affects schools’ achievement outcomes. The large study sample (information collected on five hundred thousand students) is evidence of researchers approaching the problem of inclusivity with ambition and responsibility. Furthermore, the experiment included visits to school sites, which contributed to the development of a multi-dimensional approach to the problem of including students with special educational needs. Researchers mentioned the study limitations (e.g. gender bias, database disadvantages), provided commentary on the findings, and explained the methodology in great detail. Because the results of the research found no statistically significant correlation between inclusion and academic achievement, the study was beneficial for disproving previous assumptions. Therefore, schools are advised to disregard the assumed negative impact of including students with special educational needs and provide all children with appropriate levels of education. Future research can account for the limitations of this study since Dyson et al. admitted that their study should not be viewed as completely accurate and definitive. Reference Dyson, A., Farrell, P., Polat, F., Hutcheson, G., & Gallannaugh, F. (2007). Inclusion and achievement in mainstream schools. European Journal of Special Needs Education , 22 (2), 131-145.
For as long as globalization is and has been taking place at alarming rate, cross cultural interactions are taking place in the different health settings. These have altered the main forms in which communication takes place, that is the verbal and the non-verbal. In addition to this, communication is very important between the medical professionals as well as between the professionals and the patients. Generally, effective communication allows patients to get access to medical care more so; it opens up a pathway for an understanding to take place between the patient and the medical professionals. This in most cases applies where consent has to be given by a patient or the next of kin to a patient before any medical procedure takes place. This paper looks at the impacts of culture on the communication process within a health setting with a specific reference to the American culture. Various scholars have gone to the extent of trying to explain what culture means. However, culture according to Lee (2003) is the design in which human behavior is amalgamated. This includes the different beliefs, practices, customs and values that a social group practices and believes in (p.4). Modern day health care system involves quite a number of interfaces as well as patient handoffs amongst several health care practitioners. This takes place in various levels of not only educational training but also occupational training. For effective clinical practice to take place there has to be situations where important information is not just communicated but should be communicated accurately. In an event where this does not take place at it should, the patient’s safety therefore stands on the line. This may take place in different forms. For instance, when information is misinterpreted this may lead to a misdiagnosis by a medical personnel hence the under treatment of a patient or even worse. Different cultures vary significantly depending on the region, the ethnic composition of a population as well as the different values shared by the people of a nation. There are positive influences that culture has had on the communication process in any health setting. For instance, it has enabled organizations to set standards for which they are meant to live up to. Goals in various health care institutions have been able to be achieved due to a particular national culture that is meant to be up held. Culture depending on an individual’s where about has been able to provide a means of survival. For instance, a patient from china might find solace anywhere near china town in the United States. This is because around there he can get good Chine
Introduction The movie “Fire in the Blood” depicts a sad tale of how multinational pharmaceutical companies and Western governments collaborated in blocking poor countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia from gaining access to life-saving AIDS drugs due to the employment of a greatly monopolized profits-first approach in the sale of the drugs. Although the justification for this approach was nested on the patent system or intellectual property (IP) protections, it caused a lot of suffering and unnecessary deaths of millions of people who could not access the life-saving drugs. Main body Such a situation, in my view, could have been avoided by ensuring that governments contribute to a global health fund that could be used to pay or reward drug companies for their innovation instead of allowing them to recoup their investments through the use of the patenting system. From the movie, it is clear that patents and IP protections provided an enabling environment for monopolies to exist in the drug market, which in turn allowed drug companies to set very high prices in line with the principles of a market failure. A global health fund will ensure that the pharmaceutical companies are effectively compensated for their time and effort in producing the drugs before patents can be shared with generic drug manufacturers to enhance cost efficiencies. This
Executive summary Strategic management practice has emerged as important framework that influences companies’ profitability and overall success (Abu Bakar et al., 2011, p.140). Latest research has shown that if best implemented, strategic management can lead to positive influence. Torun (2011) named Facebook as one of those large global companies where strategic management practice has been best implemented to ensure profitability and dominance in the social networking industry (pp. 3-4). It is from the above motivating scenario that this study purposed to carry out a critical evaluation and discussion of Facebook’s strategic management practice. The following was the breakdown of the paper: The author began with an introduction that reviewed the background literature and revisited the problem statement. This was succeeded by a critical evaluation of the five major strengths. Following this was the evaluation of literature on four weaknesses. Having tackled the body of the paper, the writer documented suggestions to aid in addressing the identified limitations and improve the existing strengths. The paper ended with a conclusion that summarized the main study findings. Introduction Halibozek and others (2007) elucidated that in Today’s fast-paced business environment, there were many looming threats (p.159). These threats emanated from factors such as financial crises, complexity, the existence of many laws and regulations, the large volume of daily transactions and the stiff competition resulting from globalization. To sum up the many challenges facing modern-day businesses, one manager pointed out that there were a myriad of risks and opportunities which organizations were in positions to tackle but which needed clear understanding and focus to ensure sustainability. To provide a solution to the described problem, the writer established that strategic management practice provided a fair model of tackling the above case. To define it, Pock (2007, p.6) stated that strategic management practice defined “the process of formulating and implementing company strategies”. To simplify it, it was also defined as the planned analysis of both the external and internal factors associated with an organization, its customers and competitors to provide the framework of achieving and retaining optimum management engagements. Lawrie (2005) expounded on the meaning of strategic management by asserting that it provided for the involvement of the entire company in managing its processes, people, and products towards achieving successful objectives and goals (p.8). The following were delineated as the minimum components of any strategic management practice: formulation of a mission statement, environmental scanning, resource allocation, development of an action plan, resource allocation and performance measurement (Lawrie, 2005, pp.8-9). To help managers in the formulation and maintenance of successful strategic management practice, this business report selected Facebook as a case scenario. The selection was backed up the fact that Facebook was launched in the year 2004 and by late 2011, it had emerged as t
Introduction The issues of Bologna process effectiveness and reasonability have been discussed extensively in numerous researches, while the instances of its implementation require in-depth study and assessment for defining system suitability and effectiveness in PMU. Considering the fact that PMU is featured with strong educational traditions, it should be stated that Bologna process may not seem suitable for this university. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the educational process may be improved if the most effective educational principles are combined. The aim of this analytical report is to analyze the opportunity of implementing Bologna process principles into the PMU educational process, and improving curriculum basing on the necessity to overcome difficulties associated with independent and extracurricular education. As a rule, the general aspect of curriculum improvement should be associated with providing the reliable strategy of self-education, and inspiring students to offer their own innovations. Collected Data Bologna process is well known in Europe and among those states that cooperate with European universities and participate in exchange programs. These are mainly countries of Europe, including Eastern Europe, Turkey, and Asian states. Saudi Arabia is not participating in this process, and is not included into exchange programs of Bologna Process universities, however, some principles of this strategy may be implemented in test regime. Central principles of Bologna process are as follows:   * Rating assessment system. Every assignment is valued with a restricted score, while assignments may have an importance coefficient. If a student gets the required summed score, he/she may be liberated from an exam.   * Self-education focus. Lectures and class hours are intended for accomplishing practical assignments, communication with tutors as well as revealing what has been studied before.   * Students are encouraged to apply creativity and inventiveness while solving their research problems, and performing projects. Considering the fact that the aim of the report is to analyze the opportunity of implementing Bologna process principles in PMU, students were surveyed whether they know something about this process. Up to 32% of respondents have not heard anything about this process (these were mainly freshmen, while older students appeared to be familiar with the key principles of Lisbon Recognition Convention). In accordance with the survey, those who do not know about the process were excluded from the final results. Thus, up to 15% of respondents would like to know more about the system, 18% wish to participate in the exchange program, 42% agree that this is one of the most progressive systems, and at least part of the system should be implemented in PMU, 25% consider it outdated and incompatible with educational traditions of PMU. Among those who appreciate the opportunity of implementing some principles of bologna process to the PMU curriculum 67% consider that self education approach s
Slade, G.D., Bailie, R.S., Roberts-Thomson, K., Leach, A.J., Raye, I., Endean, C.,…Morris, P. (2011). Effects of a health promotion and fluoride varnish on dental caries among Australian aboriginal children: Results from a community-randomized controlled trial. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 39 (1), 29-43. Web. Introduction This study aimed to test the efficacy of a dental health program in preventing dental caries among Australian Aboriginal children living in the Northern Territory. Although the intervention targeted communities, families, and children of the Aboriginal population group, it is important to note that preschoolers aged between 18 and 47 months were the main target (N=666 at baseline; 543 after intervention). The study was informed by the fact that Australia’s Indigenous children experience excessively high rates of dental caries that could be effectively reduced through fluoride varnish application and parental counseling in diet and oral hygiene. Hypothesis The authors hypothesized that the dental health program (application of fluoride varnish on children’s teeth, water consumption, and routine tooth cleaning with toothpaste) provided had the capacity to reduce dental caries in preschool children. Type of Study The study used a quantitative research approach and a prospective, cluster-randomized controlled trial design to evaluate the effectiveness of the dental health program in reducing oral caries. The described research approach and design assisted the researchers in randomly allocating the participants selected from 30 communities to intervention and control groups (15 intervention communities and 15 control communities) for the two-year prospective study. It was also possible to follow the participants through the two-year period with the view to assessing how the intervention was working on the experimental group. Exposure/Risk on Protective Factor It is evident from the study that, twice per year for two years in the intervention group, “fluoride varnish was applied to children’s teeth, water consumption and daily tooth cleaning with toothpaste were advocated, dental health was promoted in community settings, and primary health care workers were trained in preventive dental care” (Slade et al., 2011, p. 29). No activities were undertaken in the control group during the two-year follow-up period. Outcome The expected outcome was the reduction of dental caries in the intervention group after exposure to the main components of the dental health program. It is important to note that “the primary endpoint to determine the efficacy of the intervention was net dental caries increment (d3mfs), a child-level measurement” (Slade et al., 2011, p. 37). Statistical Tests Used Descriptive tests were used to determine net caries increment (d3mfs) by comparing baseline data and follow-up data that were paired by child, tooth, and surface to calculate surfaces that had either a caries increment or decrement, whil
The General Nutrition Center is the best place to be for everyone who wants nutritional supplements and body exercise. The center has qualified staff. The center provides its clients with a gym for exercises and bodybuilding. It also provides nutritional supplements. Even after showing interest in clients and providing high-quality service, GNC clientele has been dwindling. The purpose of this research is to show why the students have not been buying nutritional supplements at GNC and the reason for not going for physical exercise at the center. The findings should be able to help the organization to answer the management question, “How can we increase the gym participants?” Another question is, “How can we promote better health information and facilities to encourage many people to enjoy our services?” Another important question to answer would be, “Why are the regular customers not coming for the services at the center?” The purpose of this research is to determine the specific factors that contribute to the client’s drop in attendance to the organization’s services and the best marketing aspect to consider when looking for and retaining the customers. The client has to help the researchers to determine what particular segment of the target market would be very important. The researchers would then tailor the strategies that best suit the client’s description of the problem. The main reason for this research is to enable GNC to get customers. The research is important because it can be the source of information for other institutions to use to solve the clientele problems. The Research Strategy The research was seeking to solve a management issue. There is already some background information that could be very helpful for the research. The discounts and gifts were some of the causes of customer numbers. The best research strategy was backward market research. The backward research would provide information on what kind of decisions the management should come up with to solve the research problem. The management would require significant help that only the backward research was able to offer. Forward Research Strategy would only be important if there were no background information. For the Forward Design, there was a lack of direction, and the management would not apply the results until the very end, and, therefore, the whole work would not become helpful in the long run. The backward design determines the key decisions that would be helpful by using the results. The analysis of the backward research required that the analysts should write a conclusive report on the findings. It would be essential for reference in the future. The report could also become useful for reference purposes by any other organization or individual. Therefore, the longevity of the research was certain. Members could also evaluate the research process and contributions. It could be prone to scrutiny before it