ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The food industry represents one of the cornerstone fields of any market, providing the population with a basic resource, namely, food. In the Saudi Arabian setting, the food industry has been flourishing, with the market expanding and companies producing increasingly diverse options for their target audiences. By considering some of the possibilities that the food industry opens, the KSA will be able to move away from its current oil-driven economy and accept a more sustainable approach toward building its economy. Industry Overview and Market Size In 2019, the Saudi food market reached the point of $31.76 billion. The outlined trend is likely to continue, with the current financial projections estimating a total of 39.89 billion to be reached by 2025 (“About Saudi food market,” 2020). The corresponding CAGR is believed to hit 12.22% at the specified time slot, which is a very impressive figure. Moreover, a total of 21,000 restaurants are expected to be operating in the KSA in 2020-2025. Although state-owned companies play a big role in the economic development of the KSA, it is mostly the independent consumer food service that has been affecting the development of the KSA food industry. In 2019, the total share of the independent consumer food market had a total of 70.60% share, or USD 22.42 billion, in the KSA economy (“Saudi Arabia foodservice market – growth, trends and forecasts (2020 – 2025),” 2020). Nonetheless, even the specified stunning performance is believed to be overshadowed by the future accomplishments in the designated segment, which are believed to reach the CAGR of 13.08%. Therefore, future growth is expected to take place soon. The extent to which customers engage with the food sector in the KSA is quite large. Namely, reports indicate that food-related products constitute approximately 18% of an average KSA family’s budget (Baig et al., 2019). Therefore, the domestic demand within the KSA food industry reaches 60% compared to the remaining 40% of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) market. As a result, the food industry remains a lucrative investment area, which is why the Saudi Arabia General Investment Authority (SAGIA) has forecasted the extent of KSA’s investment in its food industry to reach $59 million by 2021 (Baig et al., 2019). Overall, the KSA food industry is extraordinarily impressive in its scale and efficacy. The KSA weight loss market is often mentioned in tandem with its food industry for understandable reasons. Comparing the recent statistical data, the KSA weight loss market reached $957 million, and this number is expected to grow to $1,053 million by 2025, with its CAGR peaking at 7.9% on the specified time slot. However, even with the focus on the weight issue, the KSA food sector is likely to reach explosive growth in 2025, with the projected
Internal Analysis In 1995, Mr. David Walsh acquired the Moorilla Estate in Hobart, and by 2005, the business had incorporated iconic brands with the Aim of becoming Australia’s most respected wine-producing Estate, although the company is not among the industry top ten wine producers in terms of revenue or tonnage the company boasts of superior wine production and maturation technologies led by Conor van der Reest who is Mooralla’s winemaker. Cornor Van Der Reest is an experienced winemaker who has gathered a lot of experience as far as winemaking is concerned and has a lot of knowledge as far as conventional wine preparation techniques are concerned with a lot of talent and skill with current emerging bio-dynamic techniques which are commonly used in cool climatic regions such as Tasmania (Moorilla 2011). With Van Der Reest on the helm of premium wine development and manufacturing then Moorilla is most likely to produce elegant premium wine that has an elegant taste and can compete equally in the Australian wine industry. The company has relatively adequate resources to pursue its goals and objectives. However, competition slows down the growth capabilities and the ability of the company in the Australian market like other well-established companies (Baumol & Alan 2007, 16). The Estate is headed by well capable leaders who are able to see that the vision of the company is achieved and this is why the company has been growing rapidly since 1995 and has expanded its business to other industries such as the restaurant and beer industry in order to tap into the market that exists in Australia (Moorilla 2011). Moorilla Estate has sufficient human resources and uses conventional recruitment strategies to acquire highly talented individuals who will assist the organisation in all the businesses that it pursues, especially when it comes to wine making the chief wine maker, Van Dar Reest makes sure that the company gets enough skilled man power who will assist the company to produce the best vintage wine through ensuring that the company adheres to the latest production technologies available in the market to mature and even package their wine. The current number of permanent employees who have experience in dealing with wine stands at over 20 while the company also has temporary staff of over 50 employees who occasionally tend to the vineyards and assist in the process of placing wine in casks for maturation (Moorilla 2011). The company’s culture has gone a long way in ensuring that a high degree of professionalism and quality standards are adhered to. External Analysis General environment With Australia being the fourth-largest producer of wine-producing slightly over 750 million litres of Wine the countries wine industry is characterised by and superior wine manufacturing techniques that make the industry a competitive participant that makes over $ 5.5 billion annually from the sales of branded and premium wine (Winebiz 20
Introduction An internship is an exercise that gives students an experience of what is expected of them after completing studies and joining their field of study. The human resource aims at making companies be preferred by employers over the other competitors. This process has become a continuous one, and firms no longer hire because there is a vacancy. Companies are now treating the hiring process as a strategic plan to ensure that talent is sought and developed. This ensures that whenever positions arise, knowledgeable staff fill these positions. The HRM department is useful to any organization because it supports career development. This has been used as a strategic aspect of placing a firm ahead of its competitors. Therefore, an internship presents students with an opportunity to practice their theoretical knowledge (Snell & Bohlander, 2013). The internship was carried out in the Human Resource Department. It involved selecting, hiring, and training new staff in the company. During the one-month internship in a sales and distribution company based in Saudi Arabia, the student gained practical knowledge and skills in managing human resources. The following is a description of the activities, opportunities, and challenges encountered in this internship. Job description During this internship, the role was constant, but it also varied depending on the planned events for each day. The day began every day at 8 am by attending a brief departmental meeting that addressed the day’s activities and expectations. The activities included handling human
Introduction Local and central governments have different roles to play in the response and management of disasters. In this context, disaster means a “sudden catastrophic event that brings any enormous destruction, damage, loss and/or devastation of property and life” (Taylor 1986, ‘Coordination for Disasters’ p.12). The damages so referred are immeasurable and vary in magnitudes depending on the inflicted region’s geographical location, climatic conditions and earth’s surface degree of vulnerability. During the occurrence of disasters, the social systems of emergency responses remain more often than not rendered disrupted and malfunctioned. Any hazard that causes immense human suffering amounts to a disaster if it is unpredictable occurring in a large enough speed to out power the response systems, characterized by uncertainty, urgency and the posing of intense threat. For any disaster to take place, people must be living in hazardous places for instance near volcanoes that are active, slopes susceptible to slides, or in regions likely to flood. In addition, the hazardous phenomenon must take place, whether it is human or naturally instigated. Finally the occurrence of the “disastrous phenomenon must cause immeasurable extensive damages especially where preventive measures have not been taken” (Taylor 1986, ‘The Context of British Politics’ p.57). Therefore, as the paper unveils, disasters do not include single incidents of human life losses such as a plane crush but rather entangle widespread human sufferings such as an intense earthquake, financial, outbreak of certain infectious diseases, flooding, or even human instigated disasters such as Chernobyl or sea express spill among others. The essay will look at the roles of the central government in control and management of disasters as contrasted from the local government’s roles and finally evaluate the combined hands of both governance levels to draw a conclusion on which governance level is best placed to cope with disasters management. However, as is exposes, the reverse of the proposition is the case. Overview of the history and practice of civil defense Various theoretical perspectives have been formulated by different nations to cope with disasters. For instance, in 1991 “…the UK government launched a review of disasters preparations in the nation” (Alexander 2000, p.71). A national aim geared towards enhancement of nationwide emergencies planning agendas was published in 2003. The agenda focused on putting into place resilience measures for the nation to respond to aftermaths of disruptive challenges as opposed to measures of risks reduction via anticipation or alternatively redundancy measures. According to Comfort (1994, p 157), such an approach makes an assumption of “…a capacity to reorganize resources and action to respond to actual danger, after it occurs”. Resilience here entangles specialized protections, which are standardized and centralized methodologies of hazards prediction. According to the civil contingencies bill, all
The summary of the case The American company ZAPA Chemical sold one of its distributions in Germany, and they earned DM 7.6 millions. However, the management did not know when this money could be available for repatriation (Moffett and Barrett 111). The main task was to eliminate or at least minimize the losses that could be caused by exchange rate fluctuations. At that time, the German mark cost $ 1.4649, and it was a historical minimum for the dollar (Moffett and Barrett 111). Nevertheless, Stephanie Mayo, who was the currency analyst of ZAPA Chemical, believed that the value of dollar could decline even further. In turn, it was necessary for the company to mitigate currency fluctuations risks. Stephanie Mayo chose to acquire out-of-the-money put options. This hedging strategy enables a person to sell the option at a specified price, even though this price is higher than the market value of the asset (Ianieri 8; Madura 151). This approach was critical for minimizing the risks caused by the declining value of the U.S. dollar. Additionally, the revenues of the company could be affected by various economic trends and political decisions taken by the government. For instance, one can mention the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty that led to the greater integration of European economies (Moffett and Barrett 116). There was a short period during which the value of dollar fluctuated significantly. Moreover, it was not clear how the situation could evolve during the next two months. In turn, Stephanie Mayo had to select the most optimal hedging strategy. One should note that very soon ZAPA Chemical had to repatriate the assets from Germany. So, she had to decide if it was possible to sell the put options. Details to Consider Overall, Stephanie Mayo should consider several details in order to decide if it is possible to sell the put option protection. It should be mentioned that on September 18, the put option premium was 1.95 cent for the German mark (Moffett and Barrett 116). In turn, the strike price was $ 1, 5152 per DM (Moffett and Barrett 111). The price of protection paid by ZAPA Chemical can be calculated according to the formula: The premium per a unit of currency × the total amount of foreign currency = $ 0. 0140/ DM × DM 7.6 millions = $ 106 400. The total revenue derived by the company will be determined in this way: The total amount of foreign currency ÷ the strike price – protection outlay = DM 7.6 million ÷ $ 1. 5152 per DM – $ 106 400 = $ 4 909 439. In turn, one should consider the use of the forward contract that will
Introduction: EHR in the Acute Care Unit (ACU) Setting   * Electronic Health Records (EHR): innovative technology in nursing;   * EHR: allowing for an improved framework for patient data management;   * EHR: ostensibly helping to reduce mortality rates among ACU patients;   * Potential obstacles: problems promoting EHR as a nursing tool;   * Research goal: designing a framework for encouraging nurses to use EHR. The introduction of Electronic Health Records (EHR) into the realm of contemporary nursing has affected the quality of care largely. By allowing nurses to collect patients’ data and analyze it systematically, the EHR framework has opened opportunities for reducing mortality rates among diverse populations. However, there are currently certain issues in managing the data provided with the help of EHR, which is believed to be attributed to the lack of respective skills among nurses. Therefore, the goal of the project is to design the framework for an intervention to be deployed in the nursing setting of the ACU to enable nurses to use EHR-based systems. Theoretical Framework, Rationale, and Expectations   * Theoretical framework: Lewin’s Theory of Planned Change.   * TPC: nurse understaffing – nurse education – active use of EHR.   * TPC: focus on culture-specific needs of patients.   * EHR: introducing order into patients’ data management. Freeze → Change → Unfreeze. The study chooses to deploy Lewin’s Theory of Planned Change (TPC) as the means of encouraging a shift in the nurses’ perspective (Bakari, Hunjra, & Niazi, 2017). The framework requires completing three stages, which are unfreezing (locating the negative factors to be eliminated), changing (introducing a positive paradigm), and refreezing (institutionalizing change) (Burke, 2017). The use of the TPC also allows placing emphasis on patients and their individual needs, thus contributing to a rise in nursing service quality. Staff education is deemed as the central aspect of the project. The rationale, in turn, lies in the problems caused by nurse understaffing and the subsequent drop in quality. It is believed that EHR will keep the process of managing patients’ needs organized. Analysis of the Literature: EHR in the ACU   * EHR: platform for building a coherent system of data management;   * EHR: ushering a new era of quality management into nursing care;   * EHR: enhancing the communication process;   * EHR: defining changes in patients’ health status. EHR has opened a plethora of changes for optimizing the quality of care. Specifically, it has enabled nurses to manage patients’ health status remotely and control external and internal factors rigidly (Meeks et al., 2014). EHR also helps facilitate the communication process and perform crucial tests for determining changes in patients’ health dynamics (Furukawa, Jamoom, King, & Patel, 2013). However, the system has not been implemented at the nationwide level yet, with only 75.2% of hospitals using it (Adler-Milstein et al., 2015). Therefore, its further promotion in the ACU environment is critical to patients’ well-being. EHR in the ACU: Current
Introduction Evaluation of couples with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Married pair who has recurrent pregnancy loss really needs empathy as well as the consideration that early pregnancy loss is an extremely psychologically upsetting incident that is one way or another comparable to that associated with stillbirth or neonatal death. For the information, evaluation can be provoking and complex because the root of their recurrent pregnancy loss may not be obtained and there are only some evidence-based investigative and related solution techniques [1,2]. The evaluation used for the clients who are the potential to have recurrent pregnancy loss is characteristically identified as the incidence of more than two successive fatalities of medically renowned pregnancies before the 20th week of gestation excluding ectopic and molar pregnancies. Wide-ranging accord in presented that hale and hearty women must not undergo wide evaluation after the first trimester or before the time of second trimester, Unprompted miscarriage, given these are relatively common, sporadic events: miscarriage occurs in about 10 to 15 percent of clinically recognized pregnancies under 20 weeks of gestation [3]. In forthcoming studies, the whole risk of miscarriage that lies in the next pregnancy remains almost or more than 15 percent after having the first miscarriage but it rises to about 17 to 31 percent after having the two successive miscarriages and to 25 to 46 percent after more than two miscarriages. Based on these findings gathered from the statistics, almost all the experts do the task in evaluation and management related to recurrent pregnancy loss [3-5]. It is vital to put in mind that most women with recurrent pregnancy loss have a good projection for eventually having a successful pregnancy, even when there is a definitive diagnosis that is not completed and no dealing commenced. [6].The couple with frequent pregnancy losses is subject to have a series of history and physical examinations including complete medical, surgical and genetic. During the history taking, gestational age and characteristics of all preceding pregnancies should be considered for the reason that gestational age is vital because recurrent pregnancy losses usually take place at a similar gestational age in following pregnancies and the main general reason for the reoccurrence of pregnancy losses varies by trimester. For example, miscarriage associated with chromosomal and endocrine defects is likely to happen earlier in gestation than losses due to anatomic or immunological irregularity but it goes beyond. Pregnancy loss such as ectopic pregnancy, abortion happened during the 5 th and 20 th week of gestation [7]. In physical examination, there must be an overall physical appraisal that gives notice to signs of endocrinopathy, examples of it are hirsutism and galactorrh
Generally, an advertisement whether electronic or otherwise is considered just as an invitation to treat and not as an offer per se. This is because every supplier has limited supply because of economic, financial, or in some instances natural constraints. In legal terms, an invitation to negotiate is just an intention of one party to make an offer and is not an offer by itself. Consequently, the advert made by Hanes Audio cannot be taken to be an offer per se. As outlined by the Electronic Transactions Act chapter 88 Sec 14, any electronic communication that is not made to an individual or specific group of people should be considered as an invitation to make an offer unless stated otherwise (Tabalujan & Toit-Low, 2009). This includes proposals that make use of interactive applications for the placement of orders. As it was held in Patridge v Crittenden (1968), advertisement is an invitation to treat or negotiate and not an offer. However, when an order is made following an online advertisement and the supplier accepts the order and goes ahead to deliver goods, then a binding contract comes into existence. The Electronic Transactions Act chapter 88 Sec 11(2) clearly explains that when electronic communication is used in the formation of a contract then the contract cannot be denied validity just because electronic communication was used (Tabalujan & Toit-Low, 2009). In this regard, there was a contract between Clara and Hanes Audio the moment Hanes Audio accepted to deliver the phone as advertised. It is important to also note that Clara paid for the phone without giving conditions. In the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company (1893), the court of appeal held that the advert made had all the requirements of an offer and was, therefore, an offer in itself. On the same note, in the case of Perry v, Suffield’s Ltd the court held that there was an abiding contract though other crucial points were not expressly discussed. In the Digilandmall case (2004), the court held that the automated acceptance of the orders created a binding contract (O’sullivan & Hillard, 2012). In this case, Hanes Audio communicated its acceptance of the contract by delivering the phone as was ordered by Clara. In the advert that was placed by Hanes, there was nothing left for negotiation. Therefore, following the ruling on the case of Lefkowitz v Great Minneapolis Surplus Store (1957), Hanes’s advertisement can be taken to be an offer (Phang & Yihan, 2012). For the second part, Clara had the opportunity and time to read all the conditions that were given as regards the advertisement. Unfortunately, she was reluctant and ignorant to read them. Consequently, she cannot use the excuse that she did not read the terms of the contract to exonerate herself from negligence (Chitty, 2012). Given that Han
For a corporation to succeed, the management needs to have sufficient knowledge on financial concepts. Companies that apply these concepts manage to outdo their competitors as illustrated by Costco Corporation. Costco Wholesale Corporation runs 592 warehouses across the globe (Brigham & Houston, 2009). They sell various product brands together with the company’s own Kirkland Signature brand, which they sell at a discount to some individuals and businesses. It is the biggest and the most financially successful corporation in the industry. It success is attributable to proper management since it carries its operations in large economic scales. Costco possesses a reasonable market share among its competitors because it implements the right accounting concepts, which include appropriate financial ratios, proper management of cash flows, and effective capital budgeting techniques. Costco uses all the accounting ratios that help in evaluating the performance of the company for a specific period and those that compare its performance against their competitors. Efficiency ratios are used to determine the effectiveness in using company assets and management of liabilities. Currently, Costco efficiency ratio is at 1. 05 which is positive rate for meeting current liabilities. Liquidity ratios determine the ability of a company to meet the obligations within set deadline. Costco’s liquidity ratio as given by Acid test ratio stands at 0.47. Although this ratio indicates the ability to convert asset into cash, it needs improvement to be proportionate to real estate possessed. Leverage ratios relate to debts of the company that is reflected in the balance sheet. Profitability ratios measure on the effectiveness of business operations by determining how the company is running ascertaining whether it is improving or declining as compared to other forms in the industry. These ratios are given by comparing the sales and anticipated profits calculated using margin and mark-up. The company’s mark-up is at 15%, which facilitates low cost of the products thus increased sales and profitability. Costco management controls the movement of fund in and out of the business accordingly. To achieve this, they ensure that there are more funds moving in the business through sales and debtors than the funding moving out of the business through purchases and creditors. They develop means of speeding up receipts from receivable and suggest ways to access paym