ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Fascism Fascism is a right-wing philosophy that commemorates a state or race as a natural community surpassing all other loyalties. It puts emphasis on a legend of racial regeneration following a period of demolition. Fascism, thus, calls for a religious revolution against signs of immorality such as selfishness and cupidity. It seeks to eliminate alien forces and associations that intimidate the ordinary society. It tends to rejoice in masculinity, youth, spiritual unity and the regenerative supremacy of violence. It supports racial superiority principles, ethnic harassments, imperialist extension and genocide. Fascism may incorporate a type of internationalism based on ethnic or ideological unity across nationwide boundaries. Typically, fascism promotes open male dominance, though it may at times espouse female unity and new opportunities for females of the privileged state (Griffin 150). The approach of Fascism to politics is termed as both populist and elitist. It is regarded as populist in the sense that it seeks to stimulate persons against alleged oppressors. It is termed as elitist since it treats the will of its people as personified in a chosen group or one ultimate leader, from whom power proceeds downward. Fascism also seeks to systematize a cadre-led group movement to seize state authority. It compulsorily subordinates all fields of the community to its ideological hallucination of natural community, usually via a totalitarian state. As an association and as a government, fascism makes use of mass associations as a system of amalgamation and control. It also utilizes planned violence to repress opposition, though the scale of aggression differs widely (Renton 34). Fascism is antagonistic to Marxism, conservatism and Liberalism though it makes use of concepts from the three. It rebuffs the policies of class struggle and employee internationalism as coercions to state unity. It, however, takes advantage of real grievances in opposition to capitalists and property-owners through racial scape goating. Fascism declines the noninterventionist doctrines of personal autonomy and political pluralism (Griffiths 89). Typically associated with the Nazi movement and with Hitler’s rule in Germany, Fascism has quite short yet rather impressive historical record. However, there is certain inconsistency in associating Hitler’s reign with the epoch of fascism, since Hitler’s politics itself was based on Nazism, which is quite a different movement. However, according to Griffiths, the issue has rather clear and understandable explanation for the confusion. The movement aimed at intertwining the Church, the State and the Party into a single entity, which, supposedly, could make the state stronger and eventually turn it invincible to the attacks of the enemies (Griffin) was narrowed to the epoch of the totalitarian regime of Benito Mussolini, as Griffin marked: The word fascism here, however, is the anglicized form of the Italian proper name fascimo (henceforth to be referred to as ‘Fascism’). To apply it to phenomena outside Ital
Introduction Advancement in technology has provided an opportunity for the development of new forms of technologies. Social media, which has become a reality through the employment of technology, is a term used to refer to various internet networks that allow people to interact, as well as share ideas and opinions in different remote locations. Examples of these social media include facebook, twitter, MySpace, and LinkedIn amongst others. Social media has revolutionalized the way people interact. Social Network It is only around 40 years since digital technology was invented. However, the changes that have been experienced are overwhelming. One of the potentials that digital media has realized is in its social network. This platform has turned the world into a global village besides making life much easier as people can communicate and interact anywhere in real time. The first kind of network was Myspace.com. Thomas Anderson and Chris Dewolfe created this network in August 2003 (Khristopher, 2008, p. 24). Since its creation, it has attracted approximately 200 million users in America and worldwide. Users can use their email addresses to post pictures, videos, and information about their personal status and issues in life such as political affiliation, hobbies, careers, marital status, and annual incomes just to point a few. Facebook Another social media that has become popular is facebook. Mark Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes created this network (Khristopher, 2008, p. 25). The three were students at the Harvard University when they came up with this idea. They successfully managed to launch the network in their dormitories at the University. At that moment, they targeted University students since the network was applicable or operational on a college-administered email address for registration. In 2006, the creators successfully managed to roll out their network to worldwide users who had an e-mail account (Khristopher, 2008, p. 24). When facebook allowed users to open their facebook account, News Corp had acquired MySpace. Then, it had captured 106 million users. Other networks began to surface, which included blogs, LinkedIn, and twitter among others. As technology advanced, these networks have been used to link people in different areas of the world. The users of facebook can create their own profiles that are customized with facts and any information they want. Photos can also be attached to the profiles. They enhance the interface besides adding aura in the interaction process. The users of the platform have continued to expand over time. The major use of these networks was to communicate and share opinions and ideas. However, as the digital technology continues to advance, users have also expanded. The platform enables them to interact and make new friends. Many people have met friends through the networks that have influenced their lives positively. According to Ingrid (2010), facebook has provided
Many religions and faiths are classified by non-religious people as restrictive and filled with nonsensical rules and regulations that nobody should follow. The holy texts are concerned with every aspect of people’s lives starting from their dietary choices and ending with proper positions during sex. This gives the impression of unnecessary micromanagement and control over others that has no place in the 21st century. Indeed, the majority of these rules strike a modern person as odd at best and invasive at worst. However, there is a hidden wisdom to almost every rule that goes beyond the typical explanations given by the majority of religious texts. Islam is considered one of the stricter religions when compared to Christianity and Buddhism. It requires its followers to obey many rules on a daily basis, starting with five prayers a day and ending with some of the more obscure restrictions such as not listening to music for idle pleasure. One of the more familiar restrictions for Islam followers revolves around eating pork. Pork is considered “dirty” according to Islamic teachings, but few ever go beyond that simple explanation. The same goes for the consumption of drugs and alcoholic beverages. Music, pork, and alcohol are strongly rooted in the very core of western society. Naturally, such restrictions find little appreciation in cultures with evolved traditions in music, cuisine, and beverage production. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the restrictions found in Islam on listening to music, consuming pork, and utilizing alcohol and drugs from not only religious, but also a more worldly perspective that involves scientific, medical, and governance concerns. Worldly Perspectives when Analyzing Religious Prohibitions Engaging in a worldly analysis of religious texts, rules and prohibitions mean putting aside any actual religious motivations behind them and looking at other possible explanations that may not be explicitly mentioned in the holy text but are very relevant from political, economic, medical, or sociological perspectives. Aside from guiding the faithful on a path towards Allah, the Islamic texts, namely Qur’an and Ahaadith, also have a purpose of assisting in governance (Lambton, 2013). Religion used to be a powerful tool of government control throughout human history and remains such even in the 21st century. Although the majority of the governments in the world are secular, religion still plays an important part in everyday life of an average citizen, meaning that the words of the holy texts are still implemented and utilized to govern others. Most governments around the world would prefer their citizens to be healthy, reasonably obedient, trustworthy, hard-working, and abiding the law. It helps the state function better, provide a surplus of food and resources, and contribute towards the well-being of every individual citizen (Lambton, 2013). If we accept the holy texts as an instru
There are several definitions of the term informed consent given by different scholars. This paper defines informed consent as a legal process or procedure that involves informing the patient or client about the nature of treatment and risks that may occur as well as possible alternatives in treatment that a “patient, client, and research participants are aware of all the potential risks and costs involved in a treatment” (Thornton, 2000). Therefore, informed consent process means getting authority and permission from the patient before the physician conducts health care procedures on the patient. Also, the person only gives informed consent after clear understanding of the various procedures, implications, and any possible future risks that may occur in the treatment process. Again, in cases where the patient lacks clear understanding and reasoning power or is incapacitated, he or she should be represented by a close family relative or a guardian who has clear understanding of the condition the patient is suffering from. Besides, informed consent also usually involves a discussion with the patient to ensure that he or she understands everything as well as providing a written note to prove the consent. Medical intervention sometimes requires use of force; hence, a good communication between the patient and the physician is necessary. Moreover, it involves disclosure of patient’s personal treatment procedures and facts, such as the level and the location of care to be administered to the patient. Therefore, this process requires a lot of application of ethical principles, such as patient confidentiality, right to personal privacy and various restrictive procedures and policies, to provide better protection of the patient and public health including their health information and other health data records (Informed Consent in Louisiana – Lugenbuhl v. Dowling, 1997). Elements of the legal citation The case Lugenbuhl v. Dowling involved Dr. Dowling as a general surgeon who was the defendant and the patient (plaintiff) known as Lugenbuhl. The patient faced some hernia problems after “having undergone three unsuccessful inguinal hernia repairs by another surgeon between 1963 and 1974 before the surgeon performed a successful procedure” (Informed Consent in Louisiana – Lugenbuhl v. Dowling, 1997). From the case, it is clear that the patient had allowed and authorized the doctor to use surgical mesh in the operation, although the doctor failed to use it due to his intraoper
Problem statement The study aimed to determine the social and personal sufferings that were experienced by family members who were taking care of children living with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The researchers asserted that 1 in every 110 children was diagnosed with ASD in the US alone, in 2010 (Nealy, O’Hare, Powers & Swick, 2012). The study also raised an alarm on the high number of persons who were suffering from ASD in the US. It was stated that about 730,000 young persons were suffering from ASD while 36,500 new cases were anticipated annually. Although ASD was a major public health problem, no previous study had attempted to understand the social and personal problems that were experienced by families. The study researchers aimed to understand the sufferings so that they could propose for the development of resources to help family members taking care of children with ASD. The study researchers established the significance of the study by outlining the social and financial implications of taking care of children with ASD. The study established that taking care of children with ASD caused financial, social, emotional, and family impacts. The clinical problem also caused worry, stress, guilt, and spouse problems in families with children suffering from ASD. Purpose and research questions The study purposed to determine the gap in the literature and establish the effects of raising a child with ASD on families with the goal of proposing appropriate resources for supporting the families (Nealy et al., 2012). The study attempted to answer the following questions:  1. In what ways has your child’s ASD condition impacted you most?  2. What barriers have you been experiencing in accessing your child’s healthcare?  3. Has your child’s condition affected other children emotionally in the family?  4. Has your child’s ASD problem affected your family relationships?  5. What are the most needs required by your child with ASD?  6. What kind of support could you require so that you could raise your child without straining socially and financially? The purpose of the study and research questions were related to the problem highlighted in the study. Thus, the problem was addressed by answering the research questions. Research suggests that studies have to be designed in such a way that the purpose and research questions are related to the problem (Burns & Grove, 2010). The study used questionnaires, and personal interviews to collect data which were then analyzed. The qualitative methods were appropriate to answer the research question. Literature review The study cited both qualitative and quantitative studies essential to the focus of the study. Most of the citations used in the study were within 5 years after publication. Only two sources were older than the 5-year limit (Nealy et al., 2012). The study did not indicate the weaknesses of the available studies. Evaluation
The article by Apostolou et al. reports a study aimed at assessing the relative importance of management fraud risk factors as perceived by a sample of 140 auditors. The sample consisted of 43 Big Five auditors, 47 internal auditors, as well as 50 auditors from local or regional organizations; the 25 risk factors (or “red flags”), the relative importance of which was assessed, were taken from the Statement of Auditing Standards #82 (1-2). It is stressed that, according to a number of researchers, understanding the relative importance of the named factors is critical if the system of standards that are utilized to perform the fraud risk assessment process is to be made more effective (Apostolou et al. 2). Therefore, the main research question that the study was aimed at answering might be formulated as follows: “According to the opinions of practicing auditors, what is the relative importance of the 25 risk factors of management fraud as identified by the Statement of Auditing Standards?” The authors utilized the Analytic Hierarchy Process in order to carry out the assessment of the data gathered from the selected sample of auditors. However, it is apparent that the authors did not formulate any hypotheses pertaining to the importance of the named factors, for all the factors were regarded as approximately equal in the Statement of Auditing Standards #82 (qtd. in Apostolou et al. 1). And yet, to assess the findings of the test and compare the relative importance of the factors as they were perceived by the different groups of respondents, the authors conducted a number of multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) (Apostolou et al. 15), for which null hypotheses and research hypotheses can be formulated; these will be discussed below. As a method, the author employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process, which is a mathematical tool that allows for systematic decision-making aimed at solving complex problems and is based on a hierarchical model that assesses the given decisions by assigning the coefficients of their relative importance as identified by the analyst and assessed by the subject via comparing them pairwise (Apostolou et al. 4-6). The method carries out the comparison on three levels. On the first levels, the goal of the comparison is formulated. On the second level, the categories of assessed factors are specified; the respondents make pairwise comparisons of the importance of these categories. On the third level, the specific factors are weighted by the subjects; they make pairwise comparisons of all the specific factors (Apostolou et al. 7). The method produces not only the coefficients of the relative importance of the compared factors but also an inconsistency ratio, which estimates the inconsistency of answers provided by the respondents. This is needed due to the fact that daily judgments made by people very often do not meet the criterion of consistency; it is also stressed that because of this, a certain degree of inconsistency is acceptable for a model (Apostolou et al. 7). The grouping of the 25 factors
Retail sales associate This position entails general sales roles and book keeping of sales records. Besides, the position demands flexibility since the occupant is expected to be an all rounder in performance of general sales duties. The individual must possess strong concentration level which will determine his or her actual and expected outcome. The concentration level must remain active in developing dependence of interest attached to different sales activities and creating proactive relationships with fellow team mates. The individual must be self motivated. Thus, the job description is summarised below. Job Description Retail sales associate roles:   * Promoting and marketing of the company’s products   * Planning and organizing sales drives in different regions   * Setting personal targets within the company’s targets   * Planning of the sales strategies and monitoring progress of the previous plans   * Registering and receiving bi-monthly sales reports   * Collecting products that are defective from customers within a defined region   * Answer questions about the products   * Being the company’s brand ambassador to new clients Job Requirements:   * University degree in sales and marketing   * Language skills: Fluent in English and the local language   * Two years experience in senior management position   * Proficient with the latest sales and marketing applications Organization behavior modification plan In order to successfully create an organization behavior modification plan, it is imperative to review the good reputation, concentrate on the ‘right stuff’ and defining the ‘stuff’. Under defining ‘stuff’ module, it is important to balance the performance of the employees with effort they place in the technical elements of sales activities. In the concentration on the right stuff, the bottom line should revolve around values of the organization that would restore the critical tasks which define success (Albert 2004). Under reputation building, the plan should review the problem solving skills that motivate and create invaluable assets out of employees. This is summarized on the below diagram. (Source: Self generated) Measuring the key performance behaviors Employee response The HRM department may use the employee response rate to the changes proposed in order to measure their perception against company goals (Albert 2004). Through employee response, it is possible to focus on future performance of the company. Product performance It is possible to measure success of the proposed change through reviewing the
Elmtree Early Childhood Care Center has been providing quality support and education to many chidlren under the leadership of Sandra Marcos. As the center’s new director, it will be appropriate to consider the most appropriate strategies to influence positive behaviors, create effective teams, and deal with various conflicts affecting the outcomes of the targeted chidlren (Strehmel, 2016). Specific goals such as effective team building, empowerment, and realization of desirable goals will inform my leadership approach. This discussion presents a powerful plan that can be used to develop an effective team. It will also outline the best strategies to deal with the issues affecting the childcare center. Building and Managing an Effective Team As the new organizational leader, I will use a simple plan to build and manage an effective team. The first stage of the plan is recognizing and appreciating the skills possessed by every teacher. This understanding will guide me to group them in accordance with their career goals and dexterities. At the same time, the concept of cohesion will be taken seriously in order to ensure the institution operates as a single entity (Hard, Press, & Gibson, 2013). The second step will be to pair the teachers depending on their experiences, expertise, and weaknesses. The pairs will also be guided to collaborate in an attempt to support the proposed plan. After pairing the teachers, the third stage will be used to guide and mentor the team (Kivunja, 2015). My leadership approach will be used to guide the employees to deliver positive results. The fourth stage is monitoring the performance and progress of the established team. During this step, emerging challenges and hurdles will be addressed accordingly. Roles might be reassigned if the targeted goals are not realized in a timely manner. Constant mentoring and empowerment will be critical towards improving the level of performance (Karadakal, Goud, & Thomas, 2015). The fifth stage is to celebrate the functions and successes of the team. It should be acknowledged that the teachers will be repaired to form effective teaching teams. Based on the current conflicts and expectations, it will be necessary to focus on the teachers’ competencies and weaknesses. The approach will ensure each new team is effective and successful (Kazimoto, 2013). Diane and Kevin have been able to support the needs of more preschoolers (aged between 3 and 5) in the center. The conflict affecting their relationship does not appear to disorient the learning environment. That being the case, it would unwise to change this team. The important thing will be to address the conflict using and evidence-based approach (Kivunja, 2015). Kelly has been favoring specific toddlers thereby affecting the quality of support available to their counterparts. The nature of this conflict can be used to combine K