ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The art of managing multiple tasks in a project is referred to as project management. House refurbishment is a project that requires a competent contractor with a perfect project plan. The contractor should be able to manage the work to completion. House renovations can be tasking, because it requires precision and speed. A good project management plan has five basic components, which include project definition, project planning stage, project implementation, project regulator, and project finishing. The project definition A contractor outlines the objectives of his/her mission, and the components that are required to execute the project. The contractor should be able to produce a list of materials and inputs required for the renovation work. The house owner will have to see that the project plan meets his/her requirements before funding the project. The quickest way to fail in a house renovation plan is not to have a well-defined project plan. Planning stage This stage consists of the project timeline, and the project schedules for the house to be refurbished. The contractor will efficiently manage site tasks, day-to-day activities on a paper before the actual work commences. Without a paper work, it may be difficult to have a quality project implementation. At this stage, the project contractor will have a list of people that will be on his/her project team and how they will execute the work. Project implementation This is the work stage. The materials are on ground, and the laborers are in sight. The renovating work has started and work is in progress. This stage requires less stress and may be the last stage that must be done before the project handover. By the time the work is completed, the project contractor and the owner of the house will harmonize their differences in the contract sum and any other task relating to the project. Risk assessment The risk involved in a project implementation, is the choice of a contractor or the project manager. If the contractor is not qualified for the work, but eventually wins the contract, it will be a failed project from the start. There are factors to consider in choosing your contractor. The contractor must have a list of references from customers that can testify about the quality of his/her work. The contractor must be covered by an insurance scheme because of unforeseen hazards. For example if a contractor accidentally dies during work, it can cause problems for the project owner if the contractor is not covered by any insurance scheme. Thus in order to avoid this problem, the choice of a contractor must meet specific requirements. A qualified contractor should be able to produce a pre
Introduction The changing demographic patterns and the ever-increasing population sizes have exceedingly changed the Australian cities since the second half of the last century. In the light of the growing populations across the Australian cities, cities like Sydney will require additional new settlements in a bid to address the issue. According to Randolph (2006), urban consolidation entails the process of increasing or improving the density of housing in existing residential zones. In other words, this criterion aims at bringing more people to reside in the already established areas where the fundamental infrastructure is already in place. The major idea behind urban consolidation is to minimize new developments in the perceivably delicate areas of the city. Major aspects that influence the consolidation of cities revolve on three key issues, viz. social, economic, and environmental. In a bid to achieve urban consolidation targets, factors that influence locations where people choose to inhabit have to be addressed within the urban policy agenda. Such factors include land prices, distribution of resources, employment, and access to convenient transport (Harris 2009). In addressing the issue of urban life and culture within the Australian cities, this paper will show that efforts have been put in place to consolidate these cities and the consolidation agenda is achievable and sustainable. Some cases will involve answering the question, how, and where to settle the populations that choose to reside in the greater Australian metropolitan areas. Main impacts of urban growth The majority of Australian cities are facing huge pressure to keep abreast with the challenges of bulging populations, which is a global issue. Since the rate of urbanization has skyrocketed in the last three decades, Australian cities have been in an inescapable state of trying to catch up with up to date trends that are requisite in meeting the needs of the high population. Urban life has developed many issues in the Australian environs that bring controversy as one divide translate it to economic benefits and the other sees the array of problems linked to the physical and built environments (Randolph 2006). As the inner city becomes congested, thus resulting in the mushrooming of suburbs to contain the pressure from the growing populations, consolidation becomes inevitable. This assertion means that the natural ecosystem becomes vulnerable to adverse human activities, as extra space is needed for construction (Harris 2009). As few people choose to live in the inner city, the standards of urban lifestyle fall into social decay. The processes of urban growth and decline take shape and accelerate its consequences. Despite Sydney being regarded as the core of urban Australia, cities like Melbourne, Perth, and Brisbane have reported higher rates of population increase than Sydney since 2000 (Randolph 2006). The intense urbanization has given Australia environmental, social, and economic nightmares on
The seven-step process to assess market opportunity Rayport and Jaworski (2003) argue that the key to the success of a business depends hugely on the ability of management to ascertain the business opportunities accurately. This can be made possible by conducting a market opportunity analysis, which is usually done on seven-step processes. A market opportunity analysis according to Rayport and Jaworski (2003) begins by analysis the environment of customers. This analysis aims at understanding the unmet needs of customers and the market they occupy. Understanding the unmet needs and underserved customers is critical because it forms the basis of market segmentation, which leads to a better understanding of consumers that the company may seek to serve in a given market. Once the unmet needs of customers have been assessed, the management is then tasked with the responsibility of analyzing the technology environment. This analysis seeks to ascertain how ready a given technology is as well as if an alternative technology may be required for the firm’s offerings (Rayport and Jaworski, 2003). Thirdly, managers are required to analyze the competition that other firms in the same industry may offer the company. This involves gathering information on competitors both at individual and industry level (Rayport and Jaworski, 2003). Once managers have understood how competitive the market might be, the next process of the analysis entails assessing the resources and technologies that the company might need to deliver the offering benefits. Rayport and Jaworski (2003) note that understanding the resources and technology required for an offering is vital since it influences and determines the rationale of a company for success in its area of operations. Once the resource and technology have been ascertained, managers are then required to analyze the readiness of the market to the technology the company intends to introduce. This process entails assessing the trend of technology, and whether there are enough infrastructures to enable customers adopt the technology with ease (Rayport and Jaworski, 2003). In addition, managers will also assess the penetration requirement to make the company’s offering viable, as well as the likelihood that customers will use the new technology being introduced. Once all these have been done, the management is now expected to have a clear understanding of the market opportunity. Therefore, the sixth process now involves specifying the opportunity in actual terms by designing the opportunity story. This is followed by the last process, which involves developing a business plan, which will contain information pertaining to market segmentation, value proposition, resources needed, how to counter competition, financial requirements, and the overall benefit of the system to both the company and society (Rayport and Jaworski, 2003). Analysis of steps Amazon is using in its branding process Below are steps followed by
Introduction Motivation can be a successful mechanism for personnel management if a competent approach to the encouragement of employees is used. In order to improve performance and increase productivity, it is necessary to maintain employees’ willingness to work for the benefit of a particular company. If a sufficient level of initiative is not achieved, it can lead to a decrease in productivity and adversely affect the situation in the team. The terms of the theory of motivation provide for the satisfaction of needs, and the task of an experienced leader is to maintain the interest of subordinates in achieving high results. Satisfaction of Needs In order to ensure that all employees have sufficient motivation to perform work at a high level, the team leader should take into account some theoretical aspects. In particular, Ganta (2014) mentions the hierarchy of needs proposed by Maslow and notes that this model can be implemented in the workplace as a mechanism for managing the initiative of employees. The five basic needs included in this hierarchy can be considered in order to draw a conclusion about the way they can be addressed. A psychological need can be realized by supporting subordinates and providing them with moral help if necessary. The need for safety can be achieved by giving employees all the guarantees of their stability in the workplace. When talking about social needs, the opportunity for communication and knowledge sharing should be provided to workers. Esteem can be satisfied by respecting subordinates. According to Acevedo (2018), a personal approach to each employee and maintaining the dignity of all team members are important conditions that determine workers’ interest in achieving high results. Finally, the satisfaction of the need for self-actualization can give subordinates an opportunity to develop their potential and to take the initiative in their workplace. If employees feel that all these needs are met, they will be able to fully devote themselves to work and be committed to the business and the team, which will have a positive impact on productivity indicators. Difficulties of Implementing the Theory in Practice In the process of implementing the theory of motivation in practice, some difficulties may arise. As Guillén, Ferrero, and Hoffman (2015) note, the manager may face some ethical problems, for example, cultural diversity of subordinates. In this case, additional efforts should be made to ensure a favorable microclimate and support for employees. Certainly, implementing the theory in a particular company can be difficult, and the features of such work may differ in practice from those suggested in the concept of motivation. Nevertheless, in case the management is interested in achieving high results, it is necessary to do everything possible to control the interest of subordinates in the manifestation of the initiative. According to Osabiya (2015), an organizational performance depends on all members of the team. Therefore, it is essential for the staff to be ready to perform immediate duties and to be awar
Healthcare in the State of Maryland is one of the most improved sectors in the United States of America. Maryland State has a very fascinating history owing to its endowment with vast resources ranging from public healthcare resources, production companies, administrative centers and serene natural environment which contributed immensely to its popularity. It boasts with the most improved healthcare systems despite being one of the most populous States in the United States of America. Surprisingly, it is among the smallest States with a geographical coverage of 12, 406.68 square miles which is equivalent to 32, 133.2 square Kilometers (Aiken & Nathan, 2004). In brief, the State of Maryland consists of 23 counties. It has an average county population of about 237,000 people with densely populated cities and suburban centers. Some of the major Maryland cities are Washington, DC, and Baltimore which is actually the most populous of all other cities in the State of Maryland, followed by Washington, DC. Despite these factors which are known to pose great challenges to healthcare service provision, the State of Maryland has an established healthcare system. It has a decentralized healthcare system running from the State level to counties through Maryland Healthcare Commission (MHCC), which is bestowed with the responsibilities of healthcare planning and instrumentation. As such, Maryland’s population is usually provided with adequate and reliable healthcare services (Fox, 2009). In general, the State of Maryland has a long public health history with very remarkable events and high dynamic health changes which have shaped its overall image. However, it is important to note that, the state of Maryland like any other State in the United States of America have had great healthcare challenges in the past and even at the present moment. Nevertheless, its efforts to establish a well streamlined healthcare system have recorded tremendous success, especially in the last few decades. Maryland’s healthcare success can be attributed to the well established and modern healthcare infrastructure and other essential resources such as adequate healthcare personnel in virtually all healthcare facilities across the State. Success in healthcare has also been realized through designing of effective public healthcare policies and regulations which have improved healthcare service provision thus establishing a sense of homogeneity and consistency. However, all the success realized in Maryland State’s healthcare sector has not been sorely by its own but under the assistance of the U.S National Government: particularly in establishment of healthcare facilities and supply of essential medical resources. As a result, Maryland State has so far emerged to be one of the top States in the United States of America
Executive summary Research findings reveal that the hospitality industry in Australia is steadily recovering from the economic crisis and has great prospects for the future. In total, the hospitality industry had 55% of its employees as females, as opposed to 45% males (Castle 12). It should also be noted that the industry had employed an average of 4.3% of the total Australian population. This marked a 22% raise from the 80s, an increase higher than the growth in the employment rate which was 9.3% (Castle 12). These figures were expected to rise considerably by the year 2000 and beyond. In the 90s, the largest source of income for these industries came from food and alcohol consumption, with accommodation offering only 89% of the earnings. The gambling industries recorded the highest takings with $102.2 million, with cafes and restaurants having the lowest earnings at $533,000 (Castle 16). This segment notably recorded the largest growth in terms of new ventures. An average of $1,000 was spent per head during the same period, with pubs and taverns grossing the highest income taking per head of the populace at $318 (Castle 16). Among individual items consumed, meals and alcohol formed the largest chunk, with an average of $ 718 per head of the populace. Casinos grossed $18 per head on the average, representing 66% of the takings per head of the population (Castle 18). Literature Review Operations This figures had grown considerably by the year 2007, to 13,987 cafés and restaurant enterprises in operation by the end of June 2007. This represented a total of 145,546 employees, generating $9,702.6 million which translated to an average of $693,700 per enterprise for that year. On average, every enterprise grossed $58,000 per month. Companies spend an average of 9,355.2 million per year, translating to an average of $66,800 per enterprise. The high profitability of the industry is evident from these facts. Income The industry contributed 0.4% to Australia’s gross domestic product for 2006-07, which translated to $3,862.4 million. The operating profit before tax during the same period was $368.3 million, translating to an operating profit margin of 3.8%. These statistics reflect a positive end year results, which implies there has been growth on the industry during the years. Several establishments faltered during the process, but restructuring of management has restored sanity in most business ventures. Out of the $ 9,702.6 million, 65.2% ($6,329.8 million) was drawn from meals taken in the premises. Liquor and alcoholic beverages was second, taking 25.4% ($2,460.7 million) with take away food and catering services being the least earners in the category. Employed Research conducted in the course of June revealed that 145,546 people had been employed directly in snack bars and eateries. These are persons providing casual labor and account for 47.4% percent of the working population. Fulltime employees constituted 21.1% of the population. The remaining 1
Maria Rosa Henson, Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos rank among the most influential Filipinos who lived in the last century. The key events that shaped their adult lives all occurred in the last half of the 20 th century and forever etched their names in the annals of history. Each of them responded to the life-shaping events in different ways and achieved different goals that had international implications. In 1942, the Japanese army stationed in the Philippines forced Maria Rosa Henson, an ordinary 15 year-old girl, into prostitution at a brothel that it operated during the Second World War. For nine agonizing months she was repeatedly raped by up to 30 Japanese soldiers on some days and subjected to severe humiliation (Henson, 1999, p 40). After the war, she moved on, settled down and got married, working in a cigarette factory to sustain her family with her husband. In 1992, she finally revealed what she and other women in Asia went through at the hands of the Japanese army during the war. This disclosure triggered a domino effect that prompted hundreds of women across South East Asia to come out and reveal their horrible experiences. The Japanese Government initially denied the claims but eventually agreed to compensate the victims of the atrocities. In 1996, a year before she died of a heart attack, Maria Rosa Henson released a book titled ‘ Comfort Woman: a Slave of Destiny ’, in which she recounted in graphic detail the harrowing experiences she went through. Thus, current and future generations will always know what the forgotten past and silent victims never revealed. Ferdinand Marcos was the tenth president of the Philippines, in power from 1965 to 1986 when the People Power Revolution swept him out of office. Imelda was his wife and first lady throughout that period. Mr. Marcos was the son of a prominent politician and lived a life of privilege but was nonetheless a brilliant young man who overcame great challenges on his way to the presidency. The greatest triumph Mr. Marcos achieved in his early career was acquittal for the murder of Julio Nalundasan, a political opponent of his father. Mr. Marcos almost faced the death penalty but survived. The amazing thing was that even while he was in prison and waiting for the conclusion of the case, he still had the presence of mind and strength of character to complete his law degree cum laude, passing the bar exam with the highest scores on record. Released in 1940, Mr. Marcos dived straight into politics with Imelda by his side and rose through the ranks to become the president only 25 years later. It is while in power that the other side of the Marcos couple emerged (Kuhlman, 2002, p 101 ). Mr. Marcos used the perceived communist insurgency threat to impose martial law from 1972 to 1981, during his second term in office (Celoza, 1997, p 49). His wife and cronies used this absolute power phase to plunder so many national resources that today; the exact amounts looted by the regime
America has in the past had immigrations that brought about the various ethnic groups that exist in the vast country. The existence of different ethnic groups here has since impacted on its racial relations. Race may be defined as a biological variance between two groups of people. The phenotypic racial difference is characterized by physical appearances while the genotypic racial difference is determined by variance in genetic makeup. There are quite a number of racial groups in the USA. They include the whites, blacks, Asians and Indians. Additionally, there are other groups of Americans who are not recognized in any of these racial categories. These are Hispanics, Asian Indians, Arab Americans and Bi-racial persons. While races can be differentiated on a phenotypic (physical appearance) basis, they cannot be differentiated on a genotypic basis (genetic makeup). This is because people from different races can be identified by their complexion and other physical and cultural perceptions but their genetic makeup remains more or less the same. This is because of the fact that they belong to the same species. Researches indicate that humans have a tiny genetic variation of about 0.5%; inconsiderate of their physical differences. This difference is too small to give rice to a considerable variation on ability or innate intelligence. This implies that the difference in genetic composition of humans may only be used to establish human physical appearance as opposed to determining ability. However, this has given rise to a number of debates as to why some racial groups are comparably better at carrying out some activities than others. Every racial group is characterized by its unique and distinct cultural beliefs and practices. The distinction in cultural beliefs and practices has brought about the perception of some social groups as superior and others inferior. This is a justification of social disparities and exploitation of groups perceived as inferior by their superior counterparts. It is important to note that this is also the cause of racisms that is a menace in America. Racism is a belief of instinctive inferiority of a cluster of races as a result of their biological disparities. Ethnicity, on the other hand, incorporates race as its component. People of the same ethnic group share universal cultural and racial ancestry. Therefore, the membership of a person in an ethnic group is innate and based on birth and hence cannot be altered. However, there have been arguments that ethnicity can be altered as dictated by social circumstances of an individua