ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the United States, the number of innocent bystanders that have died or suffered injuries in the course of high-speed police car chases continues to increase at an alarming rate. In the year 2010, specifically in Milwaukee, the policy chief introduced a new policy indicating that the police force was not to engage in these violent and high-speed chases if the crime of the suspect did not justify the loss of the lives of innocent bystanders (McCrady, & Sorgi, 2010, p. 5). On the face of it, that proposition sounds ludicrous because it insinuates that the issue of losing bystanders’ lives as a collateral damage to a car chase gone sour is acceptable at times. Consequently, the various stakeholders had an opportunity to give their opinions on the matter. Understandably, most of the law enforcement agency personnel felt that this was an unwise move. In fact, by installing that exceptional status of the crimes that were fit for car chases, the message that was being convened to the public at large and specifically to the world of crime was worth addressing. The message was that criminals could get away with misdemeanours and other lesser felonies so long as the risk associated with initiating a car chase was equivalent to the loss of civilians’ lives. Main body I lost a brother in a car chase in 2011. He was simply walking back home from college. The suspect that was being pursued was suspected of the misdemeanors of drug handling and theft. My brother was only 19 years old. He already had his undergraduate degree. He was waiting for Stanford University’s response to an application for his scholarship, which was ironically granted on the day he passed on. His loss has severally wounded my family and disillusioned my mother. This incident continues to plague us two years down the line. Worse still, the fact that he was killed by police who were in the line of duty is some sort of acceptable collateral status to the authorities. Therefore, they did not dwell much on the incident other than to provide the family with meager compensation and condolence message from people who are high up in the ranks. In my neighborhood, four other families have similar stories. One is that of the parents of a 44-year-old church leader who was hit by a fleeing motorist in 2010 during another car chase. He had been serving the fellow shoppers around him for two decades. He left behind many responsibilities that have since gone unfulfilled such as providing cheap food to the elderly and mentorship to the youth to have them abstain from criminal activities. Other innocent victims include a 72-year-old man in Lynnwood and a 42-year-old mother and nurse in the same location. To the affected families, it is often difficult to come to grips with the more saddening fact that the suspect being chased down survived (Clarridge, 2013, p. 1). Moreover, the police in ef
Securities and Exchange Commission has charged Elizabeth Holmes, the chief executive of Theranos. Holmes is claimed to have committed large-scale fraud, allegedly lying to investors about Theranos’s unique technology of taking blood tests. As a result of her actions, she is currently facing sanctions that include a $500,000 penalty, as well as being barred from serving ahead of any public company. Once viewed as the next Steve Jobs, Holmes started the company in 2003. She was determined to create a groundbreaking technology that would make it possible to take more indicative blood tests using just a single drop of blood. The machines in her laboratories were supposed to conduct hundreds of different tests using as little blood as possible. Holmes was able to present her vision to the investors and the media, receiving $700m and widespread coverage on social media. However, in 2015 the technology was revealed to be fake. As it turned out, Theranos was using their competitors’ blood-testing machines instead of their own Edison machines. At first, the company made attempts to defend the technology, but eventually, it consented to close all its labs and testing centers. Regulators barred Holmes from running the labs for two years. The question of how Holmes attracted investors is discussed in the SEC complaint. Theranos performed blood tests for potential investors, even though the machines used by the company were not capable of conducting the tests using such a small amount of blood. Lying to the media, Holmes was also able to make them advertise the company and its technology, using the advertisement as a funding mechanism. The biggest mistake made by Elizabeth Holmes as the founder and CEO of Theranos was claiming to use technologies that the company was only planning to use in the indefinite future. They had been defrauding their clients, investors, and mass media, acting against the law. As a result of Holmes’ actions, and the actions of other top officials of the company, they are now facing the consequences. Reference Theranos and its founder Elizabeth Holmes charged with ‘massive fraud’ . (2018). The Guardian.
Source “I don’t think we should be super surprised,” said Bari Norman, the co-founder, and director of counseling at Expert Admissions, a Manhattan-based firm that helps teens around the world prepare for the exams and college applications that will determine the next four years of their lives. “It speaks to the desperation of parents and just how high stakes college admissions have become,” Norman added. “And unfortunately, it speaks to a lot of the messages we’re sending to kids, which is the most concerning part of this story.” Reflection Nowadays, people enjoy an opportunity to speak and write freely and share their thoughts about each other, different events, and situations. They find it normal to break the rules to meet their needs and support interests. In his article, Wallace (2001) said that “the whole point of norms is to help us evaluate our actions” (p. 48). Modern people usually neglect standards to create strong analyses and ideas. After reading the article by Richards (2019), I was confused by a number of diverse and controversial terms. Special attention should be paid to the meaning of such words as “college”, “desperation”, and “parents” because, despite recent improvements and fashion, this combination still sounds awkward and unnatural. Although today it is normal to read such phrases that college is a “status symbol” or that “education has its price”, it is still hard to understand the meaning of the word “desperation” along with “college” and “parents”. Wallace (2001) underlined possible disagreements with English grammar or style, but never with a meaning. In this case, Richards (2019) does not break any grammar or stylistic rule but challenges human attitude towards education. College can improve the status of a person or provide parents with more reasons for pride for their children. However, when a person becomes desperate while choosing or applying to college, the whole system may be called into question. In general, I like the idea to combine such terms as “college” and parents” in one sentence or a text. Still, it is high time to do something to remove the idea of “desperation” from the same context. The chosen article is interesting in a variety of ways, and human emotions and attitudes towards challenges and controversies in education remain a burning issue for discussion.
Introduction Respiratory distress was the main reason for why patient John Doe (J.D.) was presented in the ER. As soon as the patient was observed by the doctor for the first time, an IM injection of epinephrine and an inhalation machine with albuterol were given to the patient. It was necessary to continue observations and investigations such as the chest X-ray, blood tests to provide a proper diagnosis and identify the causes of distress. During a certain period of time, it was concluded that the patient had sepsis that is a defined as a clinical syndrome (Schmidt and Mandel par.1). It is usually characterized by systemic inflammation due to infection and a severe development that can result in a septic shock (Schmidt and Mandel par.1). This laboratory report aims at discussing the peculiarities of the diagnosed disease management and the ways of how sepsis can be developed in the patient’s organism using the results of X-rays and blood tests. Results The patient’s hospitalization was characterized by a number of interventions and an overnight observation. One of the first steps in addition to the injection of epinephrine and an inhalation machine was a chest X-rays. The results of this test proved lung inflammation (Fig. 1). It was a cloudy white spot on the patient’s x-ray image. Besides, a portion of blood tests was taken to identify the reasons for the patient’s distress (Table 1: Results from Initial Laboratory Tests). The increased number of white blood cells (17.3) proved the fact that there is an infection in an organism. Other reasons for such WBC number may be the stress or inflammation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider other aspects of the blood test. For example, the levels of hemoglobin, platelets, creatinine, glucose, urea, GGT, ALP, and bilirubin were normal. Some changes were observed in ALT (alanine transaminase). This test measures the amount of the required enzyme in the patient’s blood. The results were twice higher than normal and indicated the elevated liver enzymes that were observed in patients with bacterial sepsis (Shah et al. 261). Finally, slight changes were observed in the international normalized ratio (INR) that indicated the correctness and appropriateness of the chosen blood-thinning medication warfarin. A high amount of INR identifies the necessity of more time for the blood to clot and the possibility of sudden bleeding without a possibility to stop it. In general, the results of the blood tests helped to identify the infection in the body, and it was necessary to continue investigations to clarify if sepsis is the reason for respiratory distress. A lung biopsy helped to clarify the situation. An abnormal condition close to the surface of the lung proved the possibility of bacterial lung infection. The patient’s H&E stain, CD4+ stain, and B220 stain were marked in the lung biopsy. Unfortunately, the condition of the patient worsened in a short period of time. Fever was the reason for why the patient had a positive result for microbial products and the increased amount of IL-10 and IFN-Y
The peculiarity of medical employees’ professional environment is that almost every sphere of their activity involves working in a team and constant interaction with colleagues. Even though healthcare specialists are engaged in performing immediate duties, their activities are related to one another since it is impossible to achieve positive patient outcomes if appropriate communication is not maintained. The practice of the junior medical staff is associated with high responsibility, physical and emotional stress, as well as the lack of clear duty delineation and the standards of nursing activities. The intensity of labor contributes to emerging contradictions, disputes, clashes, rivalry, and misunderstanding among employees and leads to conflicts, which, in turn, affects the outcomes of care adversely. In this regard, there is a need to find relevant strategies to manage such controversial situations in the workplace. In the decision-making process as one of the important stages of nursing practice, any manifestations of aggression towards one another are unacceptable because this can disrupt the natural course of work and cause slowdown inactivity, which is fraught with deterioration in productivity indicators. Accordingly, searching for the methods of managing conflict situations during analytical work is a crucial task. The management of individual nursing units should take into account the subordinates’ various traits. Historically, it turns out that team members working in clinical settings have different social, cultural, religious, or other backgrounds. However, these differences should not be the reason for conflicts and influence the decision-making process. Assessing the significance of work in this direction is because the junior medical staff is involved in close contact with patients, and specialists’ poor training or the incorrect execution of direct duties may cause significant discontent of those who need medical care (4 “Conflict escalation tornado,” n.d.). Figure 1 shows how the conflict in a nursing environment can develop. Figure 1. Conflict escalation tornado. The history of the development of conflict management practices in decision making among nurses is based on finding relevant leadership approaches aimed at eliminating controversial situations in teams and solving all the problems as soon as possible. According to 1 Ahanchian, Zeydi, and Armat (2015), the hierarchical structure of work in healthcare facilities makes it possible to apply different management styles that have distinctive implications. These principles of control imply using certain governing solutions for conflict situations, and Figure 2 demonstrates the relationship among the key strategies and the success of their use (7 “Management styles and communication conflicts,” n.d.). Figure 2. Management
Sustainability is a concept that is being embraced in all fields of people’s lives. This has been the case due to the fact that resources to support survival are decreasing while the human population is growing at a terrific speed. These two factors have therefore led to serious considerations being done to ensure continuity of future generations. As human beings live in the environment, their coexistence affects each one of them. The more affected of the two is the environment which affects human beings later when it is not able to provide for their needs. The essay will discuss the safe operating space for humanity so that the environment is not overstretched beyond its limits. A news article, written by twenty-eight renowned scientists titled ‘safe operating space for humanity space’ has tried to identify some of the basic requirements for this operating space to be there. There must be some boundaries within which human activities are to be carried out. Operating beyond these boundaries will only spell the most dreaded effects on the existence of the human race. (NCEAS) has cited some of the limits within which humans must operate in order to remain safe (1). These include changes in climate and good use of available freshwater. These limits act as a check to human behavior which if left unmanned may stretch planet earth beyond her ability to cater for the species in her. Humans need to understand the earth’s system so that they can predict how their behavior change and the change of the environment can influence the system (NCEAS) According to NCEAS (1), the change of human activities since the time of the industrial revolution has been very strong and has impacted greatly on the systems of the earth. The need for more resources to drive the different activities has continuously depleted major resource deposits on earth. The increase in human activities is pushing the earth to the limits where the sustainability of its natural operations will be impossible. If due considerations are made well in advance, the consequences of the earth being unable to sustain itself can be prevented. This would in return go a long way in ensuring that future generations will have a place and the means to survive. According to NCEAS (1), human history and the changes that have occurred on earth should be looked at as related elements which influence each other. This understanding will in return provide guidelines that shall be followed in setting standards that will help the human race to safely navigate within the binderies of the planet without dangerously crossing the expected threshold. The limits that were recommended by the article were not meant to replace economics, politics, or ethics. Instead, they were meant to act as yardsticks for measuring where unfair practices may be found e.g. excessive emission of gases so that we can take the necessary actions to prevent such practices from happening. The pressure applied on the planet earth by humans has reached a level where it cannot be put aside when issues regarding human survival on earth are under discussion. Th
Having the correct tool for analysis is merely one side of a coin as it is also vital to utilize that tool efficiently by accurately interpreting and implementing the analysis results too. Thus, the correct tool for analysis will be useless if inexperienced managers are unable to accurately interpret and implement the product. A useful tool needs to have good data as well as a good interpretation of outcome; if these two are nonexistent the tool cannot be efficient (Tague, 2005). For instance, an excellent sports car cannot generate an excellent outcome without an outstanding design (data) or outstanding workmanship (interpretation). Accordingly, outstanding tools can make excellent managers superior or substandard managers worse, based on the need for good data and interpretation (Tague, 2005). However, presuming that we have good data, the analysis tool can be excellent since the inexperienced manager can be able to use it provided s/he is at ease in asking assistance from an experienced manager if the assessment would be right according to the results generated by the analysis system. Thus, the tool for analysis can be utilized in a variety of circumstances or departments especially by the experienced manager compared to inexperienced managers (Wislon, 1993). For instance, an analysis tool for operational costs, particularly for manufacturing firms, can help financial divisions too to make the correct prediction on the firm’s financial performance. But the data used may be wrong which inexperienced managers may not detect leading to the incorrect outcome and only experienced managers can detect such errors (Wislon, 1993). Although the features and functioning of these tools are advanced, they will never completely replace seasoned managers since it is the skill, experience, and inventive brains of experienced managers that completely make use of the analytical products of such tools. For instance, an excellent sports car will be of no use if the car driver is inexperienced and is a learner. A good example is the MRP system (GIGO) that assists customers to solve their acquisitions; this system needs correct stock as well as lead time from dealers (Heberts.net, 2009). If the system deems there are goods in the store when no goods are available, then it will not alert the buyer to purchase, conversely if the lead time is three weeks it alerts the businessman to buy goods three weeks before requirement and if the dealer has the lead time reading six weeks thus the firm will not have stock for three weeks. Therefore, the MRP system will be useless with no experienced businessman utilizing them as well as interpreting its outcome every day (Heberts.net, 2009). So such tools cannot substitute experienced managers. Computers have no brain as they just offer solutions to particular questions which do not need interpretation. They do not provide solutions to questions like “How is the XYZ product market?” Should the firm expand its target market?” in real sense computers are just instruments and can never learn from previous mistakes but human beings can
Introduction Cassandra’s case brings to the fore critical legal and ethical issues surrounding informed consent and competence. The patient and her mother were opposed to life-saving chemotherapy for her Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis because they considered it poisonous (Harris, 2015). Since she was 17 years old at the time, she could not legally refuse the therapy. Cassandra’s refusal to undergo chemo was overruled by the courts on grounds that she could not prove that she had the maturity to make therapeutic choices (Harris, 2015). From an ethical viewpoint, two issues stand out: minor maturity and overruling a patient’s refusal of treatment. Minor Maturity While Cassandra was a minor, patient education was needed first before commencing chemo. Additionally, an assessment of Cassandra’s knowledge of her condition, treatment options, and chemotherapy benefits and risks was necessary to determine her competence to make medical choices. Further, it is not clear if steps to address her fears and concerns were considered. Instead, the Department of Children and Families (DCF) sought custody of the patient to facilitate chemotherapy. Adult patients have exclusive informed consent rights. However, young children lack the cognitive ability to make medical decisions, hence, parents or guardians have to choose on their behalf (Hickey, 2007). However, teenagers may take exception to the claim of assumed incompetence since they are at a transitional age. Their cognitive capacity is comparable to that of adults (Hickey, 2007). Cassandra is almost 18 years and will soon have the right to make autonomous medical choices (Harris, 2015). Thus, even if her mother consented to the chemotherapy, it was only ethical to seek her approval too. It is possible her fears could be grounded in a good knowledge of the risks and benefits of the prescribed treatment. A conversation with Cassandra could have helped clarify the effects of her choices and convince her to assent. In this case, the presumed incompetence of the girl could have led to the withholding of information on treatment risks, benefits, and options, which is ethically remiss. Overruling Patient Refusal Another critical ethical issue is overruling a patient’s consent or refusal to receive treatment. Thus, despite the mother standing by her daughter’s position, the courts still chose to overrule the two. The ethical issue here is whether the chemotherapy was in the patient’s best interest to warrant decisions that went against Cassandra’s wishes. Apparently, considerations like the life-threatening nature of her illness and her maturity may have informed the decision to override the patient’s choice. However, since she had not abdicated her decision-making role, it was unethical
Introduction The Padgett-Beale Merger & Acquisition (M&A) squad works under Padgett-Beale’s Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) straight management. Currently, the team is planning to incorporate a new acquisition, Island Banking Services (a non-U.S. firm), into the organization because Island Banking Services had been announced bankrupt after operating for five years. This incident happened after the firm and its brigadiers were involved in a money laundering offense filed at the bankruptcy courts. After the Padgett-Beale Company merged with Island Banking Services, people will regard the resulting company as PBI Financial Support (PBI-FS). According to Crumpler & Lewis, 2019, performing gap analysis is crucial before merging to facilitate more benefits than losses. The gap analy