ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
To make proteins, ‘machines’ known as ribosome chemically string together amino acids into long, linear chains. Like shoelaces, these chains loop about each other in a variety of ways (i.e., they fold). But, as with a shoelace, only one of these many ways allows the proteins to function properly. Yet lack of function is not always the worst scenario. For just as a hopelessly knotted shoelace could be worse than one that won’t stay tied, too much of a misfolded protein could be worse than too little of a normally folded one. This is because misfolded proteins can actually poison the cells around it (Anfinsen, 1972). As a group, heavy metals include both those essential for normal biological functioning (e.g. Cu and Zn), and non-essential metals (e.g. Cd, Hg, and Pb). Both essential and non-essential metals can be present at concentrations that disturb normal biological functions, and which evoke cellular stress responses. The cellular targets for metal toxicity include tissues of the kidney, liver, heart, immune response and nervous system. Intriguingly, manipulations of specific metals, their reservoirs, and the cellular stress response can have therapeutic effects on certain diseases (Mitani, et al. 1993) Amino acids are proteins primary structures. The primary structure of a protein moves to work on it to form its unique structure. This process is known as folding. They will fold spontaneously during or after synthesis. Folding does not happen by the act of amino acids only but also when other conditions are at a correct level, these are temperature, concentration and chaperone activity. (Lee & Tsai, 2005). The amino acid sequence of each protein contains unique information that work to produce individually unique structures and pathways as too specific or particular protein. Amino acid sequences don’t always fold similarly because of different conditions they occur in. Environmental conditions affect the process as similar proteins fold differently based on where they are found. Nucleoside triphosphates produce energy for the independent process. Hydrophobic interactions, provide the basis of attachment for this molecules and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Protein folding may involve covalent bonding in the form of disulfide bridges formed between two cysteine residues or the formation of metal clusters. Before settling into their more energetically favorable native conformation, molecules may pass through an intermediate state. Heavy metals attach to the desulphated bridges causing misfolding (Anfinsen, 1972). The protein is widely expressed in highly homologous forms, suggesting that the roles played by metallothionein are essential to a variety of biological processes, and that the protein has a long evolutionary lineage. Metals have long been known to evoke changes in the immune response. These changes are dependent both on the specific metal and metal valency, as well as on the genetic makeup and physiological status of the e
Over the years in our lives, we get to interact with many people some of who make little or no impact on our lives while others leave a lasting impression. One of the people who fall under the category of “most influential people” in my life is my uncle Jack. While most people may contend that it is almost typical for one’s uncle to be an influential figure in a person’s life, I believe that my uncle Jack stands out from the stereotypical uncles in more than one count. While my parents and my other relatives thought that Jack was unusual, I found in him a fascinating as well as complex man who was always a source of intrigue and inspiration. Physically, my uncle was a tall person with the physique of a body builder. His impressive physical attributes made him conspicuous and to a stranger, his domineering figure was bound to elicit a second glance. However, his build was not intimidating as one might expect. Quite on the contrary, one could almost immediately sense the warmth and kindness that radiated from this giant. Uncle Jack dressing was unique and I always thought that he was something of a fashion maverick. His rebellious style made him very popular with me and my siblings despite my parent’s discomfort. While his hair was silky and always well cut and his clothes fashionable enough, he did not conform to the traditional “adult” attires and he dressed in a manner that distinguished him from the rest of the adults. At one time he wore an extravagantly slashed green doublet that was more suited for a man in the 17 th century to my cousin’s wedding. This made him the center of attention, a fact that greatly annoyed the bride and the groom! Jack’s ways were unlike those of any other uncle that I have heard of or seen. Typically, uncles act as proxy parents and they guide children in as much the same way as a parent would; Jack was the complete opposite of this. He acted more like an elder brother and hardly ever tried to control my life. His cool and “hip” manner meant that I could have him take me to the parks or even my friend’s parties without fearing that he would chaperone me or worse still, embarrass me in front my friends by saying or doing something inappropriate. My friends were visibly jealous of me because of him and for this reason I took every opportunity to flaunt my cool uncle to my friends. In living up to his cool personality, Uncle Jack never at any time complained of being overwhelmed by my requests though I am sure they must have been overwhelming at the least. In terms of his personality, Jack was like no other person that I have ever encountered. Most people act in a predictable manner and with enough time and exposure to a person, I can almost accurately predict their next move. This was not the case with my u
Unfortunately, I have not been able to attend any event or concert with a cultural dance performance. However, I remember well the TV program, part of which was dedicated to New Zealand’s indigenous peoples and their unique culture. The event was filmed in New Zealand and was called the traditional Poi dance; the date of the event is unknown to me, but I watched the program in December 2021. It was not the first time I saw cultural dance performances, but it was one of the most impressive. Poi dance is performed by large groups of Maori men and women who perform synchronized dance moves. The movements are quite simple and include mainly stepping from one foot to the other and active movements of the arms and hands. Additionally, women often spin around their axis and also walk one after another in lines. Specific actions also include interaction with special balls, bars, and sticks by each woman as additional objects, as well as singing. The theme of this dance is the traditional culture of the Maori people, in particular the expression of joy and gratitude. The most important movement theme in this dance is the interaction with various objects such as balls, bars, and sticks. Each of the women starts the dance with small fluffy balls, then moves to short white bars, and then they are replaced by sticks. The rhythm is set throughout the dance by clapping and singing, and the interaction with these objects is the center of the action and determines the movement. For example, women actively moved by stepping from foot to foot and moving their arms with balls in their hands, while with bars, they mostly sat in a circle. Additionally, bars and sticks were used to set the rhythm when they were banged on the floor or against each other. The cultural significance of this dance lies in the preservation and demonstration of the traditions of the Maori people. In particular, through such mass dances, they show the identity of their people and interact with each other. I think it was the collectivity and mass character that impressed me the most. When I watched this dance, I was surprised by how well a group of people consisting of 30-40 people dances, sings, and interacts with objects at the same time. I felt joy and surprise, along with a sense of respect for this fun and spectacular tradition. The Maori used traditional costumes, makeup, and continuous rhythmic singing to enhance the movements of the dance. It is noteworthy that the music was performed exclusively by the singing of the dancers, which created an amazing effect of authenticity and immersion. In addition, all participants in the dance used extremely speaking facial expressions, which in particular could be used to understand the plot of the song and the dance as a whole. Thus, it was more like a performance of songs, dances, and the use of various objects that the Maori presented. In addition to the described dance before the start of the event itself, men and women in the same traditional costumes performed a traditional war dance, which consist
Introduction Dubai is a city located in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) within the Arabian Desert (Dunston and Carter 15). The city attracts tourists and businesspersons from different parts of the globe because of its rapidly growing economy. Dubai is a Muslim city. Therefore, cultural aspects such as dress code, behavior, etiquette, and communication are based on religious practices, beliefs, and values. Religion is an important in aspect in Dubai because it influences the lifestyle of the people and forms the foundation of their culture. Visitors are required to understand and embrace the natives’ dressing styles, behaviors, and cultural practices (Dunston and Carter 17). Hospitality and courtesy are two of the most important values that the people of Dubai practice. The city is unique because of its culture, food, location, dress code, and a rapidly growing fashion industry. Dubai is a modern city that serves as the business hub of the UAE. Food The major type of food consumed in Dubai is Arabic food. It is available in many hotels and restaurants. For instance, shawarma diners can be found in different locations in the city. Shawarma is a type of grilled Arabic food that is prepared by combining lamb, chicken, turkey, and beef. For visitors, fast foods, Chinese cuisines, and South Asian cuisines are available in selected restaurants and small hotels. Consumption and sale of pork as well as alcohol are regulated because of the religious values of the natives (Dunston and Carter 18). Sale of alcohol is permitted in certain bars. On the other hand, Muslims are barred from buying or consuming pork. Other types of foods available in Dubai include biryani and cuisines from different parts of the world. The city offers various foods because of the cultural and ethnical diversity of the inhabitants and visitors. Location Dubai is located in the United Arab Emirates on the coast of the Persian Gulf (Dunston and Carter 21). It borders with Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and the sultanate of Oman. Its land area is approximately 4,110 square kilometers. A large portion of the land was reclaimed from the sea in order to increase the size of the city. Dubai is also located within the Arabian Desert, which is dominated by gravel deserts. However, its landscape of is different from that of the Arabian Desert because it is dominated by sand deserts. Its location with regard to religious affiliation and geography influences the dress code of the inhabitants. Culture The culture is founded on the precepts of Islam and certain traditional Arab beliefs and practices. The culture is much different compared to that of the UAE region because Dubai is a cosmopolitan society. Its music, dress code, food, and lifestyle are heavily dependent on religious precepts (Jayyusi et. al, 36). The dress code is not fixed. However,
Introduction Background Electronic commerce is the simultaneous transfer of relevant business information in the form of business opportunities for auction, retail, wholesale, and corporation trade (Bill 19). At present, seventy percent of medium business across the KSA has access to the internet (Gelb and Sundaram 23). The e-commerce platforms in Saudi Arabia are online shopping, electronic data exchange, and electronic funds transfer. Factually, online shopping is currently one of the most popular and efficient way of comparative shopping of items in the KSA market. At the beginning of its usage, e-commerce meant transaction electronically by use of Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and Electronic Data Exchange (EDI) in the early 90s in the KSA (Ira 46). E-commerce was introduced in the KSA in 1992 in the form of credit cards. In 1996, e-commerce platform was enhanced as more businesses begun to identify the potential of online trade. At present, nearly 60% of large, medium, and small businesses directly or indirectly depend on e-commerce in the KSA (Boone and Kurtz 28). Threats and Opportunities Safety and security over the cyberspace has become such an important issue in determining the success of e-commerce in the KSA. As technological advancement improves, e-commerce is likely to widen further. Consequently, it is cheap and easy to operate and open online stores “without a brick –and-mortar presence” (Lee and Emile 79). In addition, e-commerce offers entrepreneurial opportunities to persons in all business fields. The slow implementation of e-commerce in the last century can be associated with security concerns and negative attitude from customers who are unsure of how the model works (Ira 45). Besides, e-commerce presents opportunity for business expansion and increased revenues. In addition, e-commerce presents an opportunity for streamlining operations to guarantee efficiency in business operations. Research Problem Despite the immense progress that researchers from different business disciplines that have made on threats and opportunities in e-commerce, none of these studies have focused on the threats and opportunities in practicing e-commerce in the KSA. To address this research gap, the research will be based on threats and opportunities within the KSA e-commerce business environment (Bill 29). This proposal will develop a comprehensive matrix for purchasing patterns exhibited by customers within the KSA market in order to understand how the current e-commerce platforms could be modified into opportunities for business growth (Bowden 68). The scope of this research is to explore the current opportunities and threats of practicing e-commerce within Saudi Arabia business environment in order to propose the most appropriate strategies for improving this platform. Research Objectives/Target   * To gauge and quantify the threats of practicing e-commerce within the KSA.   * To identify the underlying opportunities available within the e-commerce platforms in the KSA market.   * To identify the most preferable e-com
International business has the potential to support the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of every country. According to Sharma and Kaur (79), “many developing countries have designed effective trade policies and liberalization laws in order to achieve the best economic gains”. International trade opens up new opportunities for many entrepreneurs. Some policies and situations make it easier for nations to achieve the best economic gains. Some of “these factors include proper political climate, favorable macroeconomic scenario, and effective trade policies” (Chandhoke and Priyadarshi 21). Throughout the 20 th century, many economists believed that India was an underdeveloped nation. However, India has transformed itself to become one of the largest economies in the globe. This essay uses PEST Analysis to examine whether international business activities have decreased or increased in India within the past 10 years. The targeted international business activities include foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade. PEST Analysis of India There are many factors that support the economy of a nation. India is one of the nations that have benefited significantly from international trade. The country is also “known for its diverse culture” (Chandhoke and Priyadarshi 8). Majority of the citizens in the country are Hindus. Towards the end of the 20 th century, the country began to embrace new economic practices. The nation also benefited from its Service Sector (SS). This sector was characterized by minimal regulations. This situation encouraged more people to join the sector thus promoting the nation’s economic growth (Sharma and Kaur 82). A proper analysis of the environment will determine whether India has benefited a lot from international business practices. The PEST Analysis of India is presented below. Political Environment   * The nation has a federal government that supports the rights of many entrepreneurs.   * According to Chandhoke and Priyadarshi (53), “India has developed to become one of the biggest democracies in the globe today”.   * The country’s political climate is also influenced by a wide range of factors. For instance, the government implements various policies to dictate the actions of different citizens.   * Some influential politicians also dictate the economic issues encountered in the country.   * The country has a number of powerful political parties. This situation explains why such political factors affect the country’s business environment.   * India also boasts of a proper taxation system.   * The government uses “different strategies to collect its income such as sales tax, services tax, and income tax” (Chandhoke and Priyadarshi 87).   * The Indian government is currently using various programs to promote the idea of privatization. Economic Environment   * India has been enjoying a stable economy within the past two decades.   * The economy of a country can attract or repel many investors.   * In 1991, the government introduced the famous Industrial Reform Policy (IRP) in order to transform India’s economy.   * Such practices included “liberalization of foreign capital and reductions in business licensing” (Sharma and Kau
Introduction The disaster recovery plan for special circumstances within Harris and Hartfield Manufacturing should identify the best and safest solution to eliminate the damage or hazards, apply countermeasures, and evacuate personnel. In this instance, the recovery plan should be tested through a list of questions, which assist in the identification of resources, capabilities, and preparedness of the organization. The presented questions should help the managers to review and analyze the current situation within the company’s facilities and adjust recovery procedures if such is needed. These questions are:  1. Does the organization purchase, store, and operate with materials following national and state standards?  2. Does the organization have a separate facility to store hazardous materials?  3. Do corporate policies place constraints and specific measurements on personnel who work with hazards?  4. Does the manufacturing process require the combination, mixture, merger, or compound of different hazardous materials with other assets?  5. How many incidents with dangerous substances have been accounted for in the last month/quarter/year?  6. In case of emergency, which facilities are the most vulnerable? Main body The presented questions undertake a basic check of the operational and manufacturing processes within the organization. The first question assists in reviewing and revising the licenses and certificates which the company has. In case some documents are missing, the company should obtain them to avoid financial penalties from regulatory bodies (Wallace & Webber, 2017). Moreover, the presence of all documents and commitment to national and state standards helps the company in creating a proper recovery plan, as federal regulations are used as guidelines for emergencies and specific circumstances countermeasures. What is more, the second and third questions evaluate the company’s preparedness and readiness for emergencies or safety breaches. In this case, the company should check how hazardous materials and other assets are delivered, stored, and used in the manufacturing process. It is vital to have a separate facility for hazards and explosives so that other facilities and their personnel stay safe (Phillips, 2015). Besides, the review of the employees’ safety standards and working conditions may indicate whether workplace safety is preserved. If not, the company should develop policies and recovery plan regulations to ensure that all employees have a safe workplace and know how to act in case of an emergency. Nonetheless, the analysis of incidents and reports on damages should also indicate how the company manages workplace safety and contribute to the manufacturing process’s sustainability. If the percentage of events is higher than the federal or state standards demand, the recovery plan should be redone and fixed to prevent
The concept of competitive advantage in strategic management refers to the advantage over the opponents that is achieved by providing the consumers with a higher value. As defined by Dess et al., it can be implemented by lowering the prices or offering greater benefits and services that validate higher prices. Paul Robinson outlines three steps to create a competitive advantage for the organization systematically and straightforwardly. The idea of the potential competitive advantage should be communicated to the employees, as well as the customers. Management insights by Robinson highlighted in the Positive Revolution’s video are focused on the uniqueness of the advantage that a company has over competitors that offer similar goods or services. More importantly, it allows the enterprise to produce higher sales volumes or engage more customers. The first step is making a brag list, including the big claims made through the marketing messages, advertisements, or sales pitches. This step implies an adequate understanding of the business process and key activities that the business is proficient at. The second step is listing the things that competitors do well to differentiate themselves from the competition. This facilitates a better understanding of the strong and weak points of the examined organization. After that, one should cross out the similar activities that both the company and its competitors perform well to identify the exclusive claims. The third step discussed in the video is the fresh list of exceptional claims that define two to three unique competitive advantages valued by the customers. The unique claims defined through this three-step model have to be supported by the quantifiable data so they can be considered competitive advantages. With that said, determining the competitive advantage to enhance one’s business outcomes is a dynamic process that requires constant attention and improvement to maintain its sustainability. Works Cited “ How to Develop Competitive Advantage for Your Business? ” YouTube , uploaded by Positive Revolution, 2017, Web. Dess, Gregory, et al. Strategic Management: Text and Cases . 9 th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2018.