ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Team scheduling from the point of view of guests is good as they get the luxury of housekeeping throughout the week. They receive continuous service and support from the hotel housekeeping. Such scheduling aims at providing complete satisfaction to the customers. The executive supervisors have to make a tight schedule that takes occupancy as the key for scheduling and providing maximum customer satisfaction. From the point of view of employees, this type of scheduling implies that they have to work seven days a week when occupancy is full and at low occupancy, they may get two days off. Thus, when occupancy is low, the scheduling allows for extra days off. The staff scheduling is based on the system of rotational schedule based on the occupancy of the hotel (Jones 45). This system allows for only 40 hours a week for the employees with two days off every week. Further, in certain two weeks in a seven-week schedule, employees get more than two days off consecutively and therefore becomes one of the best selling points for the system. Team staffing will work for all departments wherein the workweek starts from a fixed workday, say Saturday, and ends on a Friday. Workers will work only 5 days a week and the extra work they do will draw overtime pay. Therefore, the workers are happy as they get extra pay for extra work. However, the departments, which are not based on wages and overtime payment, will not be able to implement this. This type of scheduling is possible for the employees in the Front Desks and customer care cell of the hotel call center departments. How does the work calendar work in this type of scheduling? In this case, the work calendar is divided into seven distinct days, starting from Saturday through Friday. In a full occupancy situation, each team will be assigned two full days off. Every week the days, which are assigned as off days, will rotate forward by one day. So if it was Friday and Saturday for team Red in the first week, it will be Saturday and Sunday the next week. This work rotation of the off days will carry forward for seven weeks and on the eighth week, the schedule will fall back and become identical with the week 1 schedule. Figure 1: Work schedule based on off days From the schedule thus formed (see figure 1), it is observed that a worker/team based on this form of scheduling may have more than two days off in a week. The day when a worker has more than 2 days
Focus on Article New Ways of Looking at Old Issues: Inequality and Growth is an article written in the Journal of Development economic by Deininger and Squire in 1998. It analyses the relationship between inequality in resource distribution and poverty; the writers are of the opinion that if the society have an uneven distribution of resources, then the poor are not able to come out from this poverty. However, the effect of inequality has minimal impact on the rich. The paper explores the relationship between initial inequality and growth. The data analyzed comes from a wide survey of household data; the writers are keen to involve all kinds of income that households get at a particular point in time. The data also does not focus on a small group of people but has a wider perspective where it focuses on households data at national level. It aims at interpolating data from a national level and gives a full analysis of the relationship existing between inequality, growth, and poverty (Deininger & Squire 258). The major asset considered in this paper is land; it is thought to influence the functioning and financial capability of an individual. This is where those who do not have land have limited access to loan facilities. They are also subjected to high rates of rent. This is seen to be the major cause of the never ending poverty. On the other hand, the paper talks of how the rich are able to get financial grants from banks and financial institutions, if they have collaterals. The paper borrows ideas from other writers in the same area like Alasina and Anand; however the author refutes their observation that inequality has minimal effect on poverty in a country. The writers use primary data to proof their stand, which is satisfactory (Deininger & Squire 267). Evidence The authors stand point is taken after a clear analysis of primary data where they used a wholesome approach by taking representative data in regards to this topic. They use not a small portion of the larger society but integrate each society and person in the picture. They go to the areas that are affected by large resources inequality especially land and compares the level of poverty in these places with those of places where there is a slight higher equality in resource distribution. From their analysis they observe that the poor tend to
According to the data provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012), the population of Australia is 22, 485.300 people. Its average growth rate is 1.5 percent (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012a, unpaged).The following table will describe the age structure of the Australian popula
Leadership is defined as the ability of a person to influence other people to do things which they would not have done without the influence. People with this ability are referred to as leaders and can be found in different settings and contexts. In organizational setting, leaders are responsible for planning, coordinating and controlling organizational functions and activities towards attaining organizational goals and objectives. My leadership style is participative leadership. With this style, all members of the team are involved in identifying essential goals and strategies for attaining those goals. The leader facilitates the attainment of the set goals and objectives (Bolden, Hawkins & Gosling, 2011). Strengths One strength of the style is that it leads to teamwork because the leader encourages the active participation of all team members in the achievement of the set goals and objectives. It also leads to enhanced employee performance as well as productive work environment. Through the style, employees’ morale, capacity and relations are greatly improved. The style leads to innovativeness because employees use their talents and skills to their fullest. Employees are also free to express their creativity since they are encouraged to participate in making decisions which affect their work. Weaknesses One weakness of the style is that if not properly managed, it can lead to job dissatisfaction because it gives the employees more say in decision making by allowing them to make decisions on matters affecting their work and decisions regarding how to discharge their duties. Such freedom can make the employees overwhelmed, leading to confusion and ambiguity due to lack of a central authority. If the style is not properly managed, it can lead to poor employee performance and increased turnover. The lack of a central authority for decision making may create confusion in the workplace leading to low performance and increased turnover. It can also lead to duplication of duties or even failure to perform some tasks due to ambiguity and confusion. Trait leadership has to do with leaders acting upon leadership traits which they were born with. The leadership style does not embrace the idea that leadership can be learned or acquired from experience but rather perceives leadership as a quality people are born with. Trait leadership style, therefore, leads to excellent results because the leaders have leadership qualities at birth and they are able to lead even without any formal training or education (Daft, 2008). One similarity between trait and participative leadership styles is that in both, the leaders have a great influence on their followers. The leaders are capable of directly inspiring the employees to bec
Introduction The Internet is gradually taking over the business world. It enables small and large businesses to earn money online. The person is responsible for the company’s reliability in order to gain the trust of the customers because he/she does not have any real commitment that exists in the other solid forms of businesses. It is also applied in the Internet business just like in any other form of business where the customer-vendor relation is the crucial determiner of the course of the business. The entrepreneurs build a trusting relationship and start advertising their products. Internet business is demanding, as it requires the owners of the business to develop an appropriate technology of delivery and payment. This directly relates to the success of the business as advertising and marketing are also crucial in Internet banking. The customers have to be aware of the existence of the basket gift business in the market. Therefore, a lot of advertising is essential for business due to the idea of reaching the target groups. Marketing creates the basic form of communication with the customers, helping us to achieve new customer bases. Business Destiny In the case of the gift basket business, I believe that it will be successful within the Internet business. The first reason for this opinion is the fact that the people in the local market hold us in high esteem, as it will help us onsite where people are asked about their opinion on these products. Because we have been serving them for a while and have never been a disappointment, they will support us. It means that the level of reliability is high and that we can deliver the goods on time. Therefore, we have been creating the local market. Their support will be a tremendous boost to the business because they will create a pleasing image about us to the world. However, it will not be easy because it is not a guarantee that customers will support us on the web, but business is all about taking risks. Effects on the Internet Business Entry into the world of the Internet banking means that the business will undergo many adjustments. There will be many effects on the business. The first one is the challenge of designing baskets for customers whom we know nothing about, as the current form of business will enable us to know the customers personally. We will be given the chance to ask for the detailed requirements, meaning that we will have to face the new demands. The same applies to the gift baskets that
A strategic marketing planning framework Diagram 1: Holistic Marketing Framework Strategic marketing planning framework is based on the belief that customers should enjoy products and services offered by companies. To get full benefts of these products and srvices, the respective providers need to offer them at an appropriate time and place. In some instances, consumers may be privilged to get custom-made products. The value addition delivery means the company will rely on its internal resources to create what its clients really need and desire to have. The pricing aspect of marketing should take care of actual value that can be considered fair if mass market is the target (Kotler & Armstrong, 2001). It may sound quite simple in theoretical perspective, since all that is required is to create a product that is needed by a particular group of people, put it at the right place regularly frequented by these people, and finally offering the right price that would make them purchase the product with little strain. According to this framework, there are several aspects of marketing needed to solve marketing puzzle within the practical sense. The first requirement is to find out what these customers want in terms of product quality, quantity, placement, and pricing. Value Creation There are two main reasons for adding value to product and services: to benefit customers, and to build business domain. These can be achieved through formation of partnership with other firms, whose roles ensure business objectives and goals are reached. Diagram 2 Value Creation  →  Customer benefits  ↔  Business Domain  ↔  Business partners                                       It must be noted that the ability to develop products that appropriately suit customers depends on the firm’s ability to afford the necessary resources. These resources will not only aid the production process but will also help in the distribution process, where the products are expected to reach the target customer at the right place and time. For example, a producer of FMCG in the present business environment will need to use faster means of communication to reach its target market so as to ensure profitable and faster sales. Some of the value creation will mean adding internet marketing as part of marketing process. The other important part needed for successful marketing is to create partnership as illustrated in diagram 2. In this aspect, it is critical to note that many businesses would find it absolutely difficult to go into partnership with other businesses because of the difference in their divergent needs. Moreover, a firm can only benefit from business partnership if it is able to stand out among its partners as offering the best deal in a particular area of specialization (Hunt, 2002). According to Hunt (2002), the first step in developing an effective joint marketing strategy is to find out what the other firm need to effectively form marketing strategies. Basical
Abstract Economic crisis is destructive to social organization. It affects the stability of markets, assets, institutions and individuals. In most cases, the effects of economic crises on the individual are psychologically but not publicly noticed. There is no solid political institution designed to handle this sophisticated issue. Although there are several approaches for managing the economic crisis in shape credit to thorough research works, they are not focused on the consideration of the consequences of the financial collapse for the individuals. In this research, sufficient is paid to the analysis of social and psychological constraint that individuals should overcome during the crisis. In particular, there is an urgent necessity review the misunderstandings and shortcoming of governmental polices that was more focused on reducing poverty and increasing funding rather than on providing social help and analysis cultural environment. Therefore, the views of this argumentative paper mostly based on the consideration of the economic crisis with regard to social and moral aspect and on the analysis of governmental wrong policies within this period. Introduction Economic crisis reveals the instability of significant financial institutions that led to a collapse of the entire state economy. The failure of large businesses, decrease in consumers’ wealth and demand, and a considerable decline of economic activities also led to the social, cultural, and moral crisis due to the rise of unemployment. Society was forced to quickly adjust to new economical and political environment and to introduce rapid changes to their traditional way of life. In addition, 2007 economic crisis also had a considerable impact on individual psychology. Therefore, the collapse of significant financial institutions resulted not only in a deplorable economic and political situation. The financial crisis also led to social and psychological instability in society. The problem is that this issue is poorly addressed by scientists and economists who are more focused on the analysis of statistics and overall rates of unemployment and poverty. In this research essay, we will plan to discuss the impact of economic crisis on social psychology, particularly individual’s behavior. In addition, this paper will also pay attention to consequences of the downturn of the World Bank for society in order to present a clearer image of the social and cultural situation in a 2007-2009 period. Connection between Economic Crisis and Social Development It has been recognized that financial crisis in various countries have become more interconnected due to the rise of globalization and the establishment of integration tendencies (Ravion Martin
What is public policy formulation? Find out the answer to this question in the essay below! Introduction The efforts to solve certain problems attracting public concerns create the necessity to formulate and implement public policies. Ridde (2009:939) defines a public policy as an action that a government deems appropriate or inappropriate for its citizens. Put differently, public policy encompasses a set of aims coupled with a specified group of activities, which resolve a particular public problem when properly executed (Lyhne, 2011:324). From this paradigm, the processes of formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policies are defined as covering the integration of myriads of fragmented process (sub-processes) (Ridde, 2009:943). In some situations, governments adopt policies that fail to achieve the anticipated outputs. This scenario occurs when a formulated public policy is implemented, but the problem intended to be solved by the policy continues. Such a situation attracts the attention of policy analysts, who try to determine the reasons for the policy failure. One of the most common approaches to this involves finding out the deficiencies within the policy-formulation and implementation phases (Ridde, 2009:945). Public policy is an important aspect of contemporary government operations. Taking the above arguments as a starting point, this essay aims to discuss evaluation as an important component of policy formulation and implementation. Non-incorporation of evaluation in the two phases creates difficulties in determining eminent deficiencies in policy that has been formulated and implemented. Deficiencies in policy formulation and implementation are risk factors for the failure of a policy to achieve the anticipated outcomes. This essay is divided into two main sections. It first describes the processes of policy formulation, policy implementation, and policy evaluation as discrete entities. A discussion of policy evaluation as an integrated process in policy formulation and implementation then follows in the analysis section. The essay also addresses the rationale behind integrating public-policy evaluation into the formulation and implementation stages. In conclusion, the essay will hold that the evaluation, formulation and implementation of public policy cannot be separated into discrete stages. Description Formulating Public Policies Governments, organisations and groups of people set and adopt procedural guidelines towards the achievement of their set goals and objectives. Policies are generally initiated to influence various environments, thereby addressing adverse effects that arise in those environments. Public-policy formulation involves th
Problems with the Amazon Company Scenario: the corporation’s employees report multiple cases of workplace disregard and human rights violations. They talk about the lack of benefits and praise, as well as an unfair ranking system. This creates the need to analyze the Amazon corporate culture issues to reveal the management’s core strengths and weaknesses. It will help establish an ethical working environment, thus enhancing employees’ satisfaction. Below, see the Amazon workplace culture case study & solutions to its 5 key problems. Insensitive Management The approach selected by Amazon’s management seems to be rather insensitive and harsh in relation to employees. It is especially observable regarding those who have to encounter serious health or life hardships, such as cancer, accidents, or divorce (Rosin). In response to multiple reports, the company’s spokesman – Craig Berman – claims that this attitude is not their policy or practice, thus rejecting the mentioned issue. Moreover, Amazon is insensitive to its employees while they need support and understanding to perform their work effectively. As a rule, a large and stable business is insensitive to the loss of not only employees but also managers as the structure and organization of business processes of large companies are built in such a way as to minimize risks. In particular, in Amazon, each manager is required to have several successors – the potential candidates who can replace him or her, if required (Kim). Such candidates can become both employees of the company and people from the outside. The manager oversees their career growth, helps them develop, and tries to develop a commendable successor. This, however, does not mean that the role of each individual employee is so small that it is impossible or unworthy to fight for it. People are the key source in a company of any size, and the success of a business depends on their professionalism, motivation, and well-coordinated work. In offices, Amazon uses a self-reinforcing management system and psychological tools to encourage tens of thousands of office workers to new achievements. The company applies a continuous algorithm to boost up the efficiency of its employees. However, the measures are rather controversial. For instance, psychological pressure is used while asking employees to report about problems occurring with their work. The most difficult questions are asked about the failure in work, when, for example, customers did not receive their orders on time (McCray et al. 48). Such conversations severely hamper the rest of the work as employees should take all these metrics as part of the overall workflow and make their minds work with plenty of details under stressful conditions. As a result, workers feel that their work is never finished or not done well enough to meet the company’s requirements. Lack of Benefits The mission of Amazon is to be the most client-oriented company in the world and continuously enhance service standards. Putting a customer at the forefront, the company can be merciless to its competitors and, most importantly, to employees (Kim)
Introduction The GE/McKinsey is a portfolio analysis model that was developed by the General Electric Company in (GE) in the 1960s (Afuah 2011). The model is used to draw a comparison between businesses in terms of their market attractiveness and competitive strengths. This paper seeks to conduct a directional policy GE matrix analysis for Nintendo and Sony, the two biggest companies in the video gaming industry. The video gaming industry is mainly controlled by three competing firms (Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft) which are constantly trying to combine their talents and strong points, to mix and match their offerings and achieve higher profit margins. Analysis of market attractiveness using the porter’s five forces model The Porter’s five forces tool can be regarded to be a simple but nevertheless powerful tool that helps one to understand where power lies in any business situation (Nag, Hambrick, & Chen 2007). It basically provides a framework of five forces that determine how profitable an industry is. The supplier power – The video gaming industry utilizes hardware, software and other accessories to run. Some of these components such as game consoles and software are developed by the companies but many others are also provided by third party companies. More than 80% of the products marketed by Nintendo are sourced from third party providers (Mulcaster 2009). The companies also get hardware components from other suppliers. The graphics components for Nintendo are sourced from ATI, processors from IBM and batteries from Panasonic among others. Sony, being an established electronic company, makes many of the hardware components for itself. It however acquires some accessories such as processors and graphic components from third party providers (Jonson & Scholes 2008). All these suppliers have some power but as of now, the power is in the hands of Nintendo, Sony and other leaders in the video gaming industry that can source these products from a variety of providers eager to ride on their success (Gamble & Thompson 2010). Buyer Power The video gaming industry is very competitive. The major three companies are fighting for a bigger market share. Many strategies have been advanced but it’s apparent that the buyer has the power to drive prices down. The affordability of Nintendo’s Wii saw other market players cutting their prices to com