ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Trade regulation is an essential aspect of international commerce, which involves such supervisory practices as the imposition of taxes. A tariff is a monetary value charged on imports and exports between independent countries (Hufbauer & Lowry, 2012). Governments implement a regulatory practices to promote and safeguard local industries by levying taxes on foreign products (Hufbauer & Lowry, 2012). In contrast, a quota is a limitation enforced by the government to constrain the number of goods that a nation can import or export at a particular time (Hufbauer & Lowry, 2012). Various governments impose these regulatory practices to control the volume of trade between countries. This paper explores the scope of international trade regulation in the context of tariffs on both imports and exports. The global business environment involves several governmental policies and initiatives to regulate trade. Taxes imposed on steel and aluminum in the United States have both immediate and lasting effects on jobs (Amiti et al., 2019). Charging such taxes on goods may temporarily contribute to the employment opportunities for American residents, but in the long run, it facilitates unemployment in the respective industries (Amiti et al., 2019). Professionals Approximately at least 400,000 jobs are lost due to the lasting effects of the tariffs (Francois et al., 2018). Low-skilled and production workers are the most affected as a result of joblessness. The levies contribute to a decrease in Gross Domestic Product, and therefore, irrespective of the benefits the employees receive, other individuals in the economy suffer the detrimental effects of the tariffs (Francois et al., 2018). For this reason, the long-standing impacts on the respective industries outweigh the immediate effects on each sector. The tire tariff may also come with several consequences to the entire economy of the United States. From an economic stance, the effect of imposing tire tariffs was mixed. The program safeguarded approximately 1,200 jobs in the tire production sector, but it came at the cost of about 1.1 billion USD to local consumers in the form of high prices (Amiti et al., 2019). Consequently, the customers’ additional expenses on buying tires decreased their expenditure on other retail products, implicitly lowering employment in the retail segment (Francois et al., 2018). While the tire tariff scheme’s goal was to revive a straining local tire industry, its impact had inadvertent repercussions on other measures of the United States economy. Generally, tariffs effectively alter the immediate economic status of a nation since they safeguard domestic manufacturers and industries by guaranteeing the consumption of their products. However, they can also undermine a nation’s economy in the long run since the consumers lack options and spend their money on expensive imported or local goods (Hufbauer & Lowry, 2012).
The video under consideration presents comprehensive information regarding the so-called dark empaths or, in other words, people who seem empathetic towards others but are, in fact, manipulative and possess corresponding negative personality traits. According to it, the mentioned mentally unhealthy individuals do not take into account others’ feelings and only act to appear kind in order to receive particular benefits from communication (Psych2Go, 2021). I think this stance is likely to be correct because empathy is a rare quality, whereas most acquaintances one meets in life are solely oriented on their personal goals. In addition, the conducted study proves that their presence in society is more noticeable than that of actual empaths. The researchers confirmed the prevalence of individuals, which can be defined as manipulative but seemingly kind, over people with positive personality traits. As per their finding, 19.3% of the former can be attributed to the group of dark empaths (Psych2Go, 2021). They can be revealed when considering motives, as these participants of the survey were reported to have hidden intentions while appearing sincere (Psych2Go, 2021). To test this claim, one can consider the actual needs of a person they are dealing with instead of what they are trying to show to others as well as their behavior. The latter clearly speaks of non-compliance of words and actions and, therefore, can be useful for this purpose. Thus, for example, any suspicions regarding one’s Machiavellianism, narcissism, or psychopathy correlate with the high probability that this individual is a dark empath when they appear friendly to others. These factors can be complemented by fakeness, guilt-tripping, malicious humor, or love for rumors (Psych2Go, 2021). On the contrary, the demonstration of actual empathy instead of that of cognitive nature can be seen as evidence of people’s mental health. Reference Psych2Go. (2021). 5 signs of a dark empath – The most dangerous personality type [Video]. YouTube. Web.
Introduction Founded in 1970, Saatchi and Saatchi is a company which quickly grew to be a leading agency in the advertising world. Throughout the seventies and eighties, the company performed very well and revenues increased exponentially (Saatchi and Saatchi, 2008). However, the recession in the mid nineties had a severe impact on the performance of the company and it was on the verge of collapse. The agency had also experienced an uncontrolled over-expansion which led to the ousting of the founders. The ousting of the Saatchi brothers also brought with it serious complications as several high profile staff left the company at the same time, causing the company to pay huge bills in compensation of the staff who left. Each business unit lacked a common corporate vision. The Company was running bankrupt and there was an urgent need to turn around the performance of the company before it was too late (Greenhalgh, 2004). After the Saatchi brothers left the company, the new chairman and CEO brought with them several changes that would lead to a transformation of the company. The company adopted a balanced scorecard as a management tool to help her achieve her strategic journey, which has four categories of measure- financial, customer, internal business processes, innovation and learning. The financial perspective goals of the agency focused on paying a very close attention to the main client base of its business units. This involved channeling resources based on how they were required, and also based on the potential for growth and reproduction. Analysis With over eighty business units running, Saatchi and Saatchi categorized these units depending on their number of employees and the potential for growth. These categories are lead, drive, and prosper (Greenhalgh, 2004). The lead agencies were the largest of all, such as UK, New York and China, while the drive agencies had about fifty to one hundred and fifty employees. The prosper agencies had typically less than fifty employees and were the smallest. Rapid growth was expected in lead agencies and therefore the greatest share of investment was allocated here due to the high potential for growth and expansion. The drive agencies were medium sizes and although they could not achieve some very high growth rate, they were expected to maintain their current revenue base or slightly improve it. These agencies would also be required to grow their margins. The prosper agencies had limited potential for growth and therefore in the strategic focus, they were not expected to grow exponentially, but rather to widen their margins greatly. In order to improve customer-seller relationship, the agency formulated a blueprint to assist them relate better with the customers. First of all, they were to focus attention on some clients who formed a big part of their revenue worldwide (Saatchi and Saatchi, 2008). This would involve
Problems & Solutions: the US Economy 1790-1860 The industrial revolution had influenced the transportation infrastructure in the United States by 1790. The problem was twofold: undeveloped transportation system (roads, for example) and lack of transportation means. Canals systems and railways had solved the first problem mainly while the invention of the steam engine led to the overall solution of the second problem (Heilbroner and Singer 68). Trains and other means of transportation were the most significant factors that helped to develop the economy of the country from 1790-1860. At the dawn of the banking system in the United States, the banking problems were essential. The first major problem was the utter politicizing of banks that became the instruments of political powers to pursue particular goals. Another problem was the absence of a single form of national currency. Each bank issued own banknotes providing them with their design (Heilbroner and Singer 67). The government-controlled the issue of coins only. The problems were solved as follows: several states adopted “free banking” laws to avoid politicizing and corruption, and the federal government regained control over the process of chartering banks, establishing a single form for currency. Economic History Concept Hamilton stood for the development of the American economy as the centralized and highly industrialized one while Jefferson was the proponent of the republic with strong decentralization and the agrarian sector of the economic development. The increasing pace of the industrial revolution had its benefits for the US economy as well as the focus on agriculture. The emerging cities, new workplaces, and the growth of the industrial potential of the US economy were the supportive arguments of industrialization in America. However, the growing need for food in the developing economy and simpler methods of gaining the outcomes were rather strong arguments as well (Heilbroner and Singer 156). Douglas North with his “cotton thesis” stated that Britain’s demand for the US cotton was the “fuel” for the US economy in 1815-1840. History shows that his statement was not far from the truth. The choice of the agricultural doctrine would provide the country with better results in a short-term perspective while the focus on the development of the industrial infrastructure should have provided the US economy with a boost and stable growth in a long-term perspective. Quantitative Analysis To answer the questions regarding the extent to which the USA was industrialized in the early years o
Introduction Differences between practice and research The reasons for the difference between research information collected through practice, as opposed to information received by empirical research could be seen as follows: in the case of practitioners, they deal with situations that are unique and highly individualistic, having special characteristics, found only in such kind of practice; however, in the case of empirical research, the researchers make tremendous efforts to find areas of similarities, or commonality, in the data under review. While in the case of practice, the specialty of the study assumes significance, and special interest, in the case of practical research studies, the results with emphasis on commonality of population samples and their similarities are discussed. In fact, one of the chief areas for discussion in the case of research would be with regard to the causes and reasons for variances and how it would impinge upon the results. Main body In the subject under review, which is recidivism, the practice would be regarding the control and alleviation of this social malaise, wherein criminals revert to their illegal activities within few years of being freed, and need to be reincarnated repeatedly for either the same, or other crimes. Specific learning opportunities for conceptual and technical skills The specific learning opportunities that improve one’s conceptual and technical skills lie in the fact that the methodologies for such research would be the prison settings, where interviews with jail superintendents, wardens and other officials would increase the practical aspects of this problem, recidivism, and their professed views and recommendations on how this problem could be tackled and controlled effectively. These interviews would also throw light on the psyches and mental buildup of criminals who are habitually recidivists. The inner workings of their minds, how the prison environments affect behaviours patterns, whether substance abuses, etc reinforces recidivistic tendencies. “At this point, we need to learn far more about effective ways to encourage offende
Introduction The article sought to investigate the informal social and economic networks designed and developed by street children on the streets of Moscow. The study explored some of the strategies utilized by street children on the streets of Russia to seek and establish opportunities for their survival. The author noted that the presence of the street children in Moscow was a relatively new phenomenon that had not been studied between 1930’s until the end of 1980’s. Although the phenomenon was not new during this moment, the article suggests that the problem has not been recognized as a social problem. Critical Analysis According to the article, previous studies confined their efforts on studying their delinquencies, as opposed to identifying some of the means used for survival. However, the researcher asserts that little visibility of street children on the streets led to little studies to identify some of the critical components of that defined their stay on the streets. As such, the study set off the fill observable gaps in the research literature to enable future researchers comprehends the topic (Coughlan, Cronin & Ryan, 2007). This paper seeks to give a critical analysis of the article, “Street Children in Moscow: Using and creating social capital. The Sociological Review, 1-18” authored by Stevenson, Svetlana. (2001).The researcher has attempted to illustrate the significance of the study, but the article does not articulate the purpose for which it is established (Coughlan, Cronin & Ryan, 2007). A research abstract gives a summary of the study, including the purpose, the methods used by the researchers, the sampling approach, and the study findings. Therefore, an abstract to this research has attempted to answer the critical elements of the study (Bryman, 2008). Usually, a research summary allows readers who have not perused to gain an idea of the study’s purpose, objective, procedures used in the collection and analysis of data, analysis and findings (Coughlan and Cronin, 2007). From reading, the abstract has a clearly stated purpose, aim, methods, and the sampling approach used. Therefore, the article’s abstract can give a precise overview of the study conducted with a view of informing the readers of the study. In addition, the abstract to the article is short and clear to allow an average reader to make necessary judgment (Bulmer, 1982). From the article, the researcher begins with a well-structured background that lays the foundation of the study. The article identifies the historical development of the topic leading to the need for the study. This is evident from the researcher’s ability to demonstrate the research setting and the purpose for which it was established. The study’s ability to highlight key indicators that solidify the purpose of the study makes the research valuable within the context of the field. The researcher asserts that although several studies have been conducted on the concept of street children in Mosco
Introduction Numerous discussions have been held regarding the two subjects of environmental assault and sustainability. Several factors are to blame for the assaults that are often directed at the environment to make it less supportive of human needs. Some of the contributing factors include the common theories of liberalism, an increase in global environmental degradation, and the use of capitalism in various parts of the universe (Omer, 2008, p. 2272). It is evident that there are several ways in which critical thinking on sustainability can be enhanced by considering “assaults” on the environment as a form of violence. Critical thinking can assist in addressing assaults and slow violence, which affect environmental sustainability. Environmental Assaults and Sustainability The main determinant in the case of environmental assaults is the aspect of ‘slow violence.’ Slow violence refers to the way factors such as oil spills, deforestation, and toxic drift gradually and invisibly degrade the environment (Nixon, 2007, p. 14). ‘Slow violence’ carries “great statistical, representational, and legislative challenges, which are often witnessed in several real-life scenarios” (Nixon, 2007, p. 15). For example, the unfair representation of slow violence witnessed in the media is known to lead to other serious issues such as the discounting of casualties. For example, the discounting of casualties that result from the insightful outcomes of war are known to cause difficult challenges; one is often forced to seek legal redress over the misunderstandings that arise from such situations (Omer, 2008, p. 2271). The representational biases are serious, and for that reason, they require proper means to divert public attention from the insightful acts to other issues that tend to work for the good of everyone involved. The non-insightful acts that are chosen should be inert in the short term and should have positive impacts o
The case study presents two individuals who had to experience particular difficulties. The client, Glenys, states that she is afraid of her son’s harassment and refuses to go home because the harassment might continue. Two theories (cognitive behavioural theory and emotion-focused therapy) are chosen as applicable to the case study. Discussion The cognitive behavioural theory is often utilized by social workers, psychologists, counsellors, and other professionals when working with clients. The theory emerged from two particular approaches: while behavioural theorists pointed out that depression could emerge due to the “high rate of punishers and low rate of reinforces” in the person’s environment, psychodynamic theorists stated that the unresolved issues in our unconscious mind shaped our behavioural and thinking patterns (Lehmann & Coady 2016, p. 224). Eventually, the theories were transformed into cognitive behavioural therapies. In this case study, both aspects (irrational beliefs/negative environments) need to be addressed. The classical conditioning, discovered by Pavlov at the beginning of the XX century, is a theory that can ex
A transposable element (TE), which is also known as a transposon, is a sequence of DNA that is capable of altering its position within a genome (Dalby, Pereira, & Goldstein, 1995). Consequently, it can generate or undo transmutations leading to a change in the size of the genome. Transposons serve a useful role in the evolution and working of the genome. Two forms of transposons exist: autonomous and non-autonomous. Autonomous transposons move on their own while non-autonomous TEs can only move in the presence of another transposon because of the lack of transposase enzyme in Class II transposons or reverse transcriptase in Class I transposons (Robillard, Le Rouzic, Zhang, Capy, & Hua-Van, 2016). A native P element is a transposable element specific to the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Its main role in scientific studies is to allow the performance of mutagenesis and the development of genetically modified flies used for hereditary investigations. The native P element is surrounded by terminal inverted repeats that aid in its movement. The full length of a native P element is approximately 2.9 kb. It encodes a transposase protein whose size is 87 kDa. The synthesis of this protein is confined to the germline by a controlled, tissue-specific pre-mRNA joining machinery. Native P elements move through “cut-and-paste” machinery and form an eight base-pair target site duplication on insertion (Mourier, 2016). The activity of the P-element transposase requires GTP and magnesium as cofactors, which make it unique. Also, approximately 150 base pairs of DNA sequence are required at either end of the P element for its transposition. The composition of these sequences includes 31-bp end reversed repeats, interior transposase-binding positions, and inner 11-bp reversed replications. Engineered P elements or the EP elements have an origin of replication as well as selectable markers to facilitate the identification of entities in which the transposition events have occurred (Dalby et al., 1995). P
Background of the Study The growth of multifaceted technology platforms has revolutionised how people do business (Turban et al. 2017). For example, technology-aided sharing platforms such as Airbnb and Uber have allowed people to exploit underutilised assets by making transportation and hospitality businesses more efficient. Their contribution could be largely summed as developments in the “sharing economy” (Meyer 2016; Zhu 2013). Although these innovative additions to the global economy are largely commendable and impressive, their impacts on the global economy are best analysed through a segmented framework. In the hospitality industry, Airbnb has had the greatest disruption on the traditional mode of doing business. The business is a virtual service that allows people to list their homes for short-term lease in the same way hotels do. The business thrives on the basis that it gives homeowners a platform to get extra income by renting out a portion of their houses or apartments (Tranton 2016). At the same time, customers benefit from having “a home experience away from home” because unlike the conventional hotel business, most listings on the Airbnb platform are actual homes. Since Airbnb was founded in 2008, more than 30 million people have used its services (Fauvel 2017). This type of accommodation model has dramatically changed how people conduct business in the hospitality industry because it offers a substitute for the traditional hotel business where people check into a standard hotel room and order room service or eat at designated points (Kroft & Pope 2014). The challenge posed by Airbnb to the hotel business is partly explained by the fact that many people have enthusiastically adopted the service on a peer-to-peer platform that has allowed the hospitality industry to scale exponentially and in a seamless manner (Tranton 2016). The array of goods and products available on the Airbnb platform has also increased the variety of available accommodation products. The success of Airbnb can be seen through recent market valuations, which have shown that the business is worth more than $10 billion (Meyer 2016). This figure means that the company is now worth more than traditional and established hotel brands such as Hyatt (Meyer 2016). Despite this interesting dynamic in business valuation, many traditional hotel brands continue to downplay the impact of Airbnb on their businesses. This paper proposes a study to evaluate the development of Airbnb in London and quantify its impact on the city’s hospitality industry. Research Problem Although many hotels are aware of the possible impact of Airbnb on their businesses, few can quantify their effects or accurately predict how the virtual business influences specific aspects of their operations (Kozak & Kozak 2016). Furthermore, many of them are unaware of the extent that their businesses are affected by the growth and development of Airbnb. The problem is further compounded by the skewed distribution of the impact o