ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Smoking is a lifestyle and health issue that causes cancer, tuberculosis, and other chronic pulmonary ailments. Since smoking is a lifestyle and a health issue, more than five million people across the world perish annually due to diseases resulting from tobacco consumption. According to Chaney and Sheriff (2012, p. 25), “cigarette smoking continues to be the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United States.” Within the United States alone, cigarette smoking accounts for roughly 443,000 fatalities annually (Chaney & Sheriff, 2012). Apart from causing health complications, cigarette smoking is an expensive lifestyle because it leads to addiction and dependence, which reduce their economic potential of smokers and compel them to squander their finances. American male smokers incur medical expenses of up to $15,800, while female smokers have to cover about $17,500 medical expenses (Aldiabat & Clinton, 2013). Through smoking cessation programs, health disorders associated with cigarette smoking can reduce. In this view, the research paper seeks to develop a comprehensive smoking cessation program for Newton Healthcare Center. Smoking Cessation Program Since 2004, requirements to improve standards of quality of care among healthcare organizations have augmented with the Medicare program of the United States requiring health centers to integrate smoking cessation programs into their healthcare services (Koplan, Regan, Schneider, & Rigotti, 2008). While approximately 23% of adult Americans and 28% of teenagers are smokers, an extensive empirical research has established that smoking cessation program is the most effective and the safest intervention (Koplan et al., 2008). Research indicates that most smokers (70%) in the United States are normally willing to quit cigarette smoking, but they end up failing to do that. Since the treatment of tobacco-related ailments is increasingly becoming expensive and frustrating each decade, smoking cessation program is more effe
The mathematical transformation began in 300BC when was organized by the Greek mathematician Euclid. He wrote a book where all the information was stored. Although he did not clearly state the connection between mathematical transformation and his work it with it become mathematical transformation. His books covered plane and solid geometry including what we called currently as algebra, trigonometry, and advanced arithmetic. As time has been passing by man has been altering the proposal of Euclid to bring the current geometry. Even in 300 BC, geometry was recognized to be not just for mathematicians. Anyone can benefit from the basic learning of geometry, which is how to follow lines of reasoning, how to say precisely what is intended, and especially how to prove basic concepts by following these lines of reasoning. Taking a course in geometry is beneficial for all students, who will find that learning to reason and prove convincingly is necessary for every profession. It is true that not everyone must prove things, but everyone is exposed to proof. Politicians, advertisers, and many other people try to offer convincing arguments. Anyone who cannot tell a good proof from a bad one may easily be persuaded in the wrong direction. The geometry provides a simplified universe, where points and lines obey believable rules and where conclusions are easily verified. By first studying how to reason in this simplified universe, people can eventually, through practice and experience, learn how to reason in a complicated world.
Introduction Extant literature demonstrates an instinctive consciousness of definitive links between food, culture and civilization (Justice, 2012), and the central role that culture continues to play in informing food choices (D’Sylva & Beagan, 2011). In many instances food has be equated to a people’s culture by virtue of the fact that food is essentially typified as dialogue, as language, and as one amongst many material elements that define culture (Justice, 2012). Through a case study on food habits in Cape Breton located in Nova Scotia, Canada, the present paper aims to expound on various elements of food and culture. A Food Recipe: Acadian Seafood Stew There exist many food recipes in Cape Breton to demonstrate the convergence of a multiplicity of cultures residing in Cape Breton Island. Cape Breton covers a physical area of 10,311 sq km and has a population of 147, 454, but the food choices are limitless and the many languages spoken there (e.g., English, French, Arabic, Mi’kmag and German) demonstrate wide variations of ethnic groups residing in the area (Nickerson & Kerr, 2009). This case study samples one of the most popular food items in Cape Breton known as the Acadian Seafood Stew. This dish is prepared from flour, butter, fish stock, chopped talk celery, chopped carrots, garlic and onions, tomato paste, and Cajun seasoning (NovaScotia.Com, 2013). Most of these ingredients are indigenous to Cape Breton and are supplied by local suppliers, who use the latest technology and farming methods to produce them. A majority of farmers at Cape Breton use organic farming methods to produce carrots, garlic, tomatoes and onions, which are then sold while still flesh, thus eliminating the need for cold storage (Lake, 2013). Fish is not in short supply in Cape Breton due to its geographic location, with available literature demonstrating that there is limitless stocks of salmon, trout and perch when rivers unfreeze during the summer (Heading, 2011). Consequently, it can be argued that most of these ingredients come from the farmers’ land (or sea/river in case of fish stock) directly into the farmers’ market in Cape Breton, from where they are purchased for consumption. Additionally, it can be argued that this recipe does not contain any processed ingredients or chemicals that are added by food suppliers to prolong the shelf life or change the flavor. Processed foods are substantially responsible for the high increase of lifestyle diseases witnessed elsewhere in Canada and also globally (Resor, 2010). Cape Breton Food It has been mentioned in this paper that food forms an important constituent of any culture (Justice, 2012). History shows that the Chinese identifies with their own type of food, the Indians with their curry, and the Americans with their fried chicken and mom’s apple pie (Hachey, 2013). But is there such a thing as Cape Breton food considering the fact that the area is home to mult
Introduction In the 20 th century, scientific progress widely promoted the development of the police. Discoveries in disciplines of biology, medicine, chemistry, and psychology united and formed in such a practice as forensic anthropology. According to Burns (2015), “forensic anthropology is best known as the discipline that applies the scientific knowledge of physical anthropology to the collection and analysis of legal evidence” (p. 1). An in-depth study will allow humanity not only to enhance the number of unsolved offenses but also minimize the number of crimes committed. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the basic concepts and methods of forensic science in the field of facial reconstruction. Structural Features of the Head in the Context of Forensic Anthropology Forensic anthropology is an ordered set of different scientific disciplines and practices. This branch of science is engaged not only in the research of the remains but also conducts the testing of living people if the specifics of the investigation require it. One of the most interesting of these branches can be considered odontology. According to Jeddy, Ravi, and Radhika (2017), “it has established as an indispensable science in medico-legal matters and in the identification of the dead person” (p. 115). The primary specifics of odontology are recognition by human teeth, it still includes a set of techniques for analyzing by tongue, lips, and palate. It also consists of the compilation, updating, and preservation of individual statistics. Such statistics are usually a chronicle of visits to the dentist, various images of the lower half of the skull, and records of dentures and surgical operations. During the ontological process, experts use the most modern techniques and equipment. In terms of the facial reconstruction process, odontology plays almost a key role. It is worth mentioning that face reconstruction mostly lies at the heart of forensic anthropology. This practice is necessary and used in the identification of the persons of the investigation. According to Taylor and Kieser (2016), it is impossible to recreate the face of the object of the investigation, but the main features can be reproduced. The processes of decomposition irreversibly affect the human body, but the teeth are the most enduring of its elements. Specialists identify the object of investigation by taking their imprints of the remaining teeth, which are unique to each human being. Further work with the data library allows experts to calculate the personality of the victim entirely. The Basics of Bone Formation and Its Significance to Forensic Anthropology Knowledge of the main components of the human bone and their analysis is essential for forensic science. The bone structure includes many elements, but only three of them are considered fundamental. Osteoblasts are the primary cells that create all the necessary compounds for bone synthesis. During this process, they age and gradually turn into osteocytes. According to Burr and Allen (2019), “today it is recognized that osteocytes coordinate the function
Background The company, Lincoln Electric was John Lincoln’s idea which he implemented in 1895. He was joined by his younger brother, James Lincoln in 1907. The siblings planned and made tiny electric motors at the main site in Cleveland, Ohio. They later expanded the range of their products to include electric automobiles, arc welding equipment and battery chargers. Despite a greater demand for all of the company’s products, the brothers gave greater attention to arc welding devices because they could manufacture quality equipments cheaply. In fact, the duos were the first in the world to manufacture a mobile single operated and movable arc welding equipment. By 1941, the two brothers realized that James Lincoln, though less technically experienced was a better manager between them. He was therefore mandated with the management of the company. He became the de facto leader of the firm. His management philosophy was based on independence and need for competition as the driving principle in the management of the company. Through his philosophy, he came up with a piece work system which recognized worker’s industriousness, efficiency and self motivation during calculation of worker’s pay. Moreover, James Lincoln believed in equality among workers of all calibers; from junior employees to managers. Their firm never had separate private dining canteens for managers. Employee Advisory Board (EAB) composed of delegates chosen by workers in each department was also his idea. Employees in the firm were entitled to a lot of benefits apart from their salaries, one of which included bonuses calculated on merit. The bonus system was a strategy by the company to ensure that employees shared in the profits made by the company. He believed that by sharing profits of the company with employees, they would put first the best interest of the company in their activities within the organization. After the death of James Lincoln in 1965, William Irrgang, the first president outside the Lincoln family, followed the foot steps of his predecessor. He was to rise to position of CEO and chairman by 1972. Other CEOs who came after Irrgang were George Willis, Donald Hasting and Anthony Massaro, all of whom were promoted from other management positions they were holding within the firm. The company had a tradition of promoting its employees to ensure that senior positions were only held by people who had worked long enough with the company. Vacancies were advertized internally and outsiders were only considered when no one within the organization could fill the vacant position. Dismissal was entirely on non performance or when a worker committed serious offences
The universal healthcare system can seem unknown and dangerous since the US healthcare is not accustomed to the concept. However, this system can be beneficial for US society. Firstly, universal healthcare means the availability of medical services. Thus, more people will have access to qualified medical services. Fewer people will be absent on sick leave. People will not have to spend too much money on medication, and their buying capacity will rise. People will be healthier and stronger, and they will be able to work harder to develop the US economy. It is possible to note that a universal healthcare system will be beneficial for the state, which will be able to develop. Secondly, this system will positively affect the development of US healthcare. At present, many hospitals abuse their power. These institutions have real power over people’s health and even lives. Some healthcare professionals are more concerned with their salaries than the services they provide. This negatively affects the quality of healthcare services. Such countries as Japan or Germany have created a good system where healthcare institutions are not allowed to make a profit. Thus, the US system will benefit from this concept as healthcare professionals will be concerned with their professional development more. Thirdly, the universal healthcare system will help the US build a better, more unified society. People will understand that the state cares about them trying to provide them with basic services. This will make US citizens more committed to work harder to help the country develop. Therefore, it is possible to think of at least three benefits of a universal healthcare system in the USA.
Forces that drive the industry The forces that have driven the payday lending industry are numerous. They include the inability of other financial institutions to offer a wide range of consumer services. They also include high borrowing credit rates in these sectors. The inability of the banks to convince the underbanked and the underbanked individuals makes these individuals get into the payday lending industry, a thing which makes it prosper. Other financial institutions require collateral security before offering loans. Many individuals are able to come up with the starting capital required by the government of $130,000. This makes it an easy venture for many investors to start. The payday lending industry has got a few requirements before it can offer loans to its customers. In Cash connection, they only stressed two main items, which are a job that provided reliable income and the checking account. There is no chance of turned down in Payday lending as in the case with credit unions, customers’ past credit worthiness are not considered. Many people are not attracted to banks because banks take long before they serve their customers; banks are not well distributed. Many people feel banks are not welcoming to them, making them feel uncomfortable to get services from them. Banking hours are not convenient to the majority of people; unlike other financial institutions that require a high minimum balance, the banks do take too long to clear checks, and they are expensive in providing their services. Ethics of the business Ethics to be followed in this industry include transparency, fairness, and confidentiality. The players need to observe these ethics to build confidence in their customers. In SWAP analysis, it is clear that payday lending is charging their clients a lot in terms of the interest rate. The justification for this is that these loans have high risks. The financial analysis of the leading vendors is showing that the firms are doing well, and they are making substantial profits. They require a lot of working capital in terms of liquid cash or bank deposits. Attributes that make a player be successful A player in the industry will be successful if he/she decides to set his/her store in areas which are not overcrowded with PayDay lending stores. This makes the store has many customers, thus considerable success within a short time. This is one of the strategies the Cash Connection used. A player needs to be honest and follow the state laws to avoid conflict with the state. One needs to treat his customers with respect, fairness, equity, and make customer borrowing information confidential. Players need to offer a wide range of services; this will give them have a competitive advantage over their competitors. For one to succeed in this industry, he/she needs to have competent staffs that will offer satisfactory services to consumers. Staffs need to be sensitive to consumer needs. The employment of adequate employees will lead to fast services to consumers, a point that will make the store preferable to the rest. Continuous information dissemination to customers on better management of credit will make consumers have a p
Introduction After a very long struggle between communists and capitalists, the Cold War ended in 1991, with the disbandment of the Soviet Union and the creation of newly independent states in Eastern Europe. At the time when strained relations between the US and the Soviet Union ended, the financial systems of several countries, particularly those in Eastern Europe, were in the process of collapsing. Countries that embraced communism faced a number of problems, ranging from inflation to unfavourable balance of trade. In East Germany, many individuals were unhappy since they saw their western counterparts develop and acquire financial muscles while they languished in great poverty. Food shortages characterized the Russian economy, as many people could be spotted lining up to acquire food products from major government sponsored supermarkets. In 1987, Gorbachev engaged the US leader, Ronald Reagan n talks aimed at resolving the nuclear energy crisis. The two leaders signed the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty in the American capital, Washington in order to end tension and anxiety, which had crippled the world. In the same year, the US accepted to remove over two-thousand six hundred medium range nuclear missiles in the European continent. In 1989, Hungary defied the Soviet Union agreement and chose to conduct peaceful, free, and fair elections while at the same time demolished the fence that divided it with Austria. Gorbachev surprised many people in the region when he decided not to intervene. In the same year, Poland followed suit by conducting free elections. The Solidarity Labour Party defeated the Communist Party. A number of other countries in the region conducted peaceful and fair elections and kicked out communism. Other Communist leaders resigned due to public pressure. In December 1991, the Soviet Union was dissolved when the Russian leader, representatives of Belarus, and Ukraine disbanded the union. The Cold War had ended, but its impacts were felt everything in the world. The challenges that faced the world shortly after the Cold War were brought by global structural developments, as well as the Cold War itself. As the Cold War went on, globalization was gaining prominence. Technology was developing at an unprecedented rate, with the acquisition of nuclear power and improvements in the transport sector being the major changes. Technology contributed in the growth of globalization in the sense that it improved communication and transportation. People would communicate easily and at a reduced rate. Combination of the effects of Cold War and globalization resulted to serious challenges just after the end of the Cold War. These challenges include global terrorism, poverty, the widening gap between the rich and the poor countries, and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. These challenges will be discussed in detail in this article. Terrorism Technological developments have presented new opportunities to contemporary terrorists in a number of ways.
There’s no doubt that art commenced with the beginning of the world. During the centuries people of all nations have been making their contribution to the world treasury of culture, which was cherished and passed down from generation to generation. Certainly, there were periods when blinded by rage and hostility to each other nations forgot about their initial purpose to aspire to ideal, to make the world around better. Despite all these obstacles on the road of culture, it still withstood and continues to spread its sprouts all over the globe. It’s noteworthy that all the national cultures have their own unique matchless culture but together they interweave into one inseparable unity that defines the meaning and the essence of humanity. Moreover, during all history the art, as an indispensable part of the culture, has been manifold in its form and expression, advancing further with every step it took. Still, it leaves enormous room for the creation and implementation of your fantasy into the masterpieces for every artist. In this paper I would like to concentrate on two paintings of women coming from different periods and painted by different artists, to single out the similarities and discrepancies between them. These pictures are The Virgin Adoring the Host , 1852 by French painter Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and Young Woman with a Pink ca. 1485–90, attributed to Netherlandish painter Hans Memling (“The Virgin Adoring the Host”; “Young Woman with a Pink”). Let’s first dwell upon the picture by Hans Memling painted with oils on wood. In the foreground, the woman holding a flower is depicted. She’s not looking straight from the portrait but slightly leaning her head to the left side. The woman is a genuine representative of her century. Her wide-open high forehead testifies to her medieval origin. She’s dressed in a reddish velvet dress with brown and orange tints; her head is covered with a black headscarf only slightly uncovering her brown hair. In the background, we can see green meadow and trees in the opening of the arch and the curtain that twisting around the arm of the woman becoming almost transparent close to her figure. In the picture by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, three figures are depicted but I’ll concentrate on the women-centered in the foreground and so becoming the core of the composition. This painting presents the biblical scene with 3 saints standing by the window waiting for the host. The woman is dressed in a sky-blue tunic with gold yellow fringe and a red gown under it. Similar to the woman in the first picture the saint woman’s head is also covered with cloth but in this picture, the cloth is bright blue. Besides, the woman’s got a halo over her head which indicates her origin. She’s brought her hands to her face in anticipation and looks down presumably to the road so that it immediately involves the reader into the sensation of the expectation of a welcome visitor. As far as the technique is concerned they are a w