ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Discussion of Both Supply Chain Management and Material Handling The supply chain entails a network of suppliers, manufacturers, assembly plants, and distribution channels. Similarly, the supply chain conducts the procurement of materials and the conversion of such materials into transitional and finished products (Bozarth & Handfield, 2005). The final role entails the distribution of these materials to the respective customers. From this description, it can be noted that supply chain management is crucial in various industries. Generally, supply chain management (SCM) refers to the systems of managing the transfer of information, materials, and services right from the raw materials to the final consumers. Ideally, it is observable that SCM differs from the supply management that only stresses the consumer-supplier affiliations (Mahapatra, 2010). SCM has been reputed for productivity and competitiveness within manufacturing/service enterprises. Furthermore, it remains a fundamental application area within the electronic commerce industries. This dependency on the electronic industry has consequently led to increased attention to material handling and other related processes within such organizations (Li, 2007). There are two features within the SCM. The foremost portion is called the back-end. This composes the physical structure blocks, supply amenities, production structures, warehouses, distributors, and retailers. The logistic facilities are also pertinent components of this system. The back-end entails production, assembly, and physical transit (Frazelle, 2001). In this stage, there are fundamental decisions that are bound to be made. In this decision process, there is a supplier appointment as well as the appropriation of optimal procurement frameworks. In the manufacturing considerations, there are major decisions helpful in choosing plant situation area, product line choice, as well as capacity planning and production arrangement. The distribution considerations involve decisions about warehouse setting, client allocation, demand speculation, and inventory management (Radhakrishnan, 2001). It is also important to consider logistics within the SCM processes. There must be a choice on the methodology of logistics, ports selection, and supply schedules. In the global arena, critical decisions consider the desired products, processes involved, planning for uncertainties, and real-time monitoring and management of the SCM (Mahapatra, 2010). Additionally, integrated scheduling constitutes a critical component of this decision-making stage. It is vital to consider various models and theoretical concepts about SCM. Some of the notable models include the stochastic models. These have the Markov chains and queuing networks as their major components. Also, there are the optimization models that include the LP, MILP as well as heuristics. Simulation theories also offer a critical basis for these decisions. The second phase, normally termed as the front-end, involves the IT and ITEC (Li, 2007). There are process
The changing social, political, and political dynamics of Australia have resulted in numerous challenges that make it impossible for many people to achieve their objectives in life, including homelessness, violence, and criminal acts. The current demographics and forces of gentrification have triggered additional transformations in many neighborhoods across the country. Every region, city, and the urban area has an increasing number of homeless people than ever before. The Australian government and other key stakeholders need to examine the nature of this societal problem and implement appropriate social support systems to either shelter or reintegrate these individuals back into their respective societies. Background Homelessness remains a major social issue facing Australian society. Pawson et al. (2018) indicate that this predicament has worsened since cities and neighborhoods that never had destitute persons have continued to record increased numbers. According to the latest report by the government, around 8,200 citizens were identified to be homeless in 2016 (Falzon, 2019). The study went further to reveal that around 35 percent of the individuals lacked shelter completely (Falzon, 2019). Over the years, 0.4 percent of the country’s total population has remained homeless although the relevant agencies and institutions have been involved to empower more people and make it easier for them to achieve their economic goals (Falzon, 2019). Pawson et al. (2018) believe that the situation might get out of control unless appropriate initiatives are conceived or put in place. Most of the affected children will lack food or other essentials in life, including clean water, basic parental care. They tend to have increased chances of recording poor health outcomes. This form of problem exposes them to violence, abuse, and criminal acts. Such attributes explain why evidence-based advice or opinion is essential towards tackling this social problem. Personal Opinion The reality of homelessness in one of the advanced countries in the world today remains contentious and laughable. Australia has one of the best educational, social welfare, health, and military systems aimed at protecting the citizens and making it easier for them to focus on their dreams. Unfortunately, different agencies have ignored the nature of this predicament and how it affects the economic outcomes of many people (Pawson et al., 2018). It remains distressing for stakeholders to watch poor human beings suffer due to the government’s inability to alleviate or prevent their pains. It would, therefore, be appropriate for all stakeholders to examine the nature of this issue and apply superior measures to address it. The government has been implementing several initiatives to overcome the challenge of homeless in this country. Unfortunately, its actions appear to deliver poor results due to the model it adopts. The inclusion of all key actors in this i
According to a research by Taylor (2001), sex tourism is increasingly becoming common, especially in the developing economies in Africa and parts of Asia-Pacific. However, the question as to whether the concept of managing sex tourism is inherently offensive has remained controversial for the past several years. According to Harrison (2001), sex tourism refers to trips within the sector of tourism with primary aim of having commercial sex relationship with the residents at the point of destination. Tourists in this case make their travels primarily to get sexual satisfaction in the points of destination. In this context, managing sex tourism refers to developing clear systems and structures that facilitate sex tourism in a given destination. This management brings together the government, tour operators, the hotels, sex workers, and all other relevant stakeholders to come up with an industry that is legal, taxed, and protected. Is this concept of managing sex tourism inherently offensive? This is the question that the researcher seeks to answer by looking at the views of those in support and those opposed to it. It is very important to first understand the concept of sex tourism before attempting to state whether or not it is offensive for it to be managed. As explained in the introductory section above, sex tourism refers to an aspect of tourism where the primary aim of the tourist is to have in sexual engagements with the people in their destination. Male and female sex tourists have a number of factors in common. First, they have financial capacity to enable them pay for the services they seek. In most of the cases, they are rarely seeking for emotional attachments with their clients. The people who are targeted in this industry are young, jobless and sometimes homeless people who are easily contented with little favours that can help them feed, clothe, and house themselves. Poverty and hopelessness in life are the two main leading reasons why people become workers in the sex industry. According to Del (2005), majority of the sex workers, both male and female, are always not proud of their profession. However, they lack alternatives that can help them fight poverty and hopelessness. Some of the major consequences of working in this industry include contracting sexually transmitted diseases, physical and verbal abuse by the clients, harassments from the local authorities, and even slavery. A study by Williams (2013) shows that sex tourism is associated with countries that are poor. It is only the poor and disparate individuals who consider engaging in sex tourism as a means of earning a living. According to Taylor (2001), it is very important to manage sex tou
The Process of Communication Target Market TAG Heuer is a popular brand concerning wristwatches. The organization needs to know exactly the target market. The company has to know the characteristics of most likely individuals to purchase the watches. Additionally, the company has to know brands that some of the people like and reasons why they like them. Thus, it is necessary to know which part of the market prefers to buy TAG Heuer Grand Carrera and which part prefers to buy Aquaracer. Thus, the different brands that are manufactured target a given segment of the market. The market has to be divided into sections to meet the needs of the various target groups. To enable easy marketing, the target market for TAG Heuer is divided based on age, gender, or ethnicity. The division of the market for TAG Heuer is similar to marketing strategies that many organizations have adopted. The division is critical since the preferences that people have are always different. TAG Heuer has targeted different groups with different designs of products. Some of the watches targeted golf players and fans. The designs were made using titanium cases and thus were appealing to this section of the market. On the other hand, Grand Carrera is designed to capture sports enthusiasts (Daveau 2010, p. 23). It appeals to youths and to individuals who would like to have expensive watches and be associated with leading designs. Additionally, TAG Heuer also targets female clients. The other target market is Japan in which some brands of watches are available and are designed in a way that they appeal to the Japanese market. It is vital to note that it does not segment the market based on ethnicity. This is a critical provision. Consumer Behavior TAG Heuer has to design effective marketing strategies to enable it to capture the targeted markets. To achieve this, it has to understand consumer behavior and the impact of its advertising strategies. Advertising strategies influence in shaping the decisions and perceptions of consumers of a product (Wright 2006, p. 123). They have to be attractive, informative, and appealing to the eyes. TAG
Introduction In earlier periods before the establishment of the Wundt’s laboratory, psychology was not entrenched in the discipline of sciences. Theories of philosophers such as Plato, Hobbes, and Kant were dominant in explaining the behaviors of human beings; unfortunately, these theories did not offer experimental mechanism to study psychology like any other discipline in science. Wundt was not comfortable with these theories and this motivated him to devise a way through which human behavior would be experimentally understood. It’s in fact argued that Wundt borrowed much from John Stuart Mill so much that, while Mill theorized, Wundt sought to provide the scientific performance by providing a methodology to scientific experiment. The prior psychological theories lacked the statistical evidence to prove them and deduct inferences from them. Wundt thus recognized this as source of criticism to the previous theories. He thus sought to make use of statistics for future psychologists as he applied them in his works. Use of statistical methods was thus inherent in the Wundt’s laboratory studies (Klein, 1970, p. 823). From physiology to psychology Having worked as physiologist, Wundt transferred experimental physiology to a psychological laboratory where the stimulating conditions were to be controlled. Observations of conscious processes resulting from the stimuli would then be made and attention given to bodily changes induced by the stimuli. Calibrated instruments were used to record the observations in a bid to enhance accuracy in analyzing data. What changed these experiments from physiological l to psychological was the emphasis of the observer on consciousness as the immediate (Klein, 1970, p.828). Wundt’s laboratory The University of Leipzig in Germany spared some rooms for Wundt to set up his psychological laboratory. By the year 1879, Wundt had managed to set up an operational laboratory at the university where tests of human perceptions and sensation were done. In the following period after the establishment of the laboratory, and according to Cohen (1979), Wundt started to sponsor research into simple reaction times, color blindness, and visual contrasts (p.935). Wundt was also interested in touch and how people could accurately respond to touches in specific areas. Wundt was determined to unravel the time taken by the mind to react to stimulus and the processes that take place. Since chemistry and physics had succeeded in analyzing matter in its constituent elements, Wundt thought that it was the role of psychology to analyze conscious processes into their basic constituent elements. The atoms of the mind and of consciousness were thus his subject matter.
This assignment is a case brief of the case Cite as State v. Hoying, 2005-Ohio-1366 which was being heeded In the Court of Appeals for Greene County, Ohio. Facts: after meeting and working in a restaurant with the victim (Kelly Criswell) on the fateful day of June 2002, Hoying asked Ms. Criswell for a date and was agitated and persistent even after the victim declined. The defendant ensured pestering the plaintiff even after she left work at the restaurant and obtained a civil protection order against the Hoying in February 2003. Between August 15, 2003, and September 7, 2003, Ms. Criswell received 105 e-mails from Hoying and this is in violation of the protection order (Cite as State v. Hoying). Hoying fully acknowledging the violation of writing to the victim, which is in violation of the civil protection order asked Ms. Criswell to drop the charges. In this e-ma,is Hoying threatens to post the victim’s photo on the internet submitted as state exhibit 11 dated August 16, 2003. On the same date Hoying violated code number eight of the civil protection order by claiming of used three boxes of ammo to shoot clay birds and he was going to do so for a long time this was submitted as the state exhibit 14. On the same date in exhibit 18, Hoying alleges the demand of meeting with Ms. Criswell prior to this he would accustom her in her workplace. On the same day, Hoying in exhibit 20 persisted he will continue to send emails until the victims gives in to his demands. In exhibit 27 dating 17, 2003, Hoying made a significant threat to the victim, demanding that he will take away her freedom so she feels the sting, on the same day on exhibit 29 threatened again to accost the victim in her place of work; this is also reiterated in e-mail exhibit 31 on August 17, 2003. Ms. Criswell after the recipient of this email filed charges in Xenia Municipal Court on Hoying violation of the civil protection order. Hoying did acknowledge this for he was served with the order on August 28, 2003, falling as exhibit 65. In exhibit 71 dated August 30, 2003 hoying threaten Ms. Criswell and her father, prompting her to change her residence, number plates, and occupation (Cite as State v. Hoying). Statue: the sate of Ohio under the essential element of menacing by stalking found in R.C 5,2903.211, states that no person engaging in a pattern of conduct shall make the other person believe the offender is going to cause physical harm or cause distress on the other person (Cite as State v. Hoying). Any person found violating this section is guilty of menacing by stalking Holding: Ohio stature law under menacing by stalking under section 2903.213 or 2903.214 subject of protection order of the revised code states menacing by stalking is a felony of fourth-degree if, in due time of the commission of the felony, the offender is subjected to a protection order then the protected person is the victim of the offense or the other person. Reasoning: in the case of the se
Executive Summary After being in operation for over 140 years, Levi’s is now facing problems as a result of its poor economic performance. After failing to meet the fashion trends of the new generation, the firm has greatly lost its market share and its sales have reduced tremendously. To averse this situation, I propose that Levi’s should adopt a cost advantage strategy which will ensure that its products are of a similar quality as its competitors. However, the firm will sell its products at a lower price. This strategy will enable Levi’s to increase its market share by manufacturing products that meet the tastes and preferences of its target market. The strategy will also increase the overall revenue earned by the firm. As a result, Levi’s will be profitable and sustainable in the long run. Problem Statement For an organization to be sustainable in the short run and in the long run, it needs to keep up with the changes that occur within its internal and external environments. In the contemporary world for instance, firms are experiencing stiff competition. Therefore, these institutions need to come up with effective strategies that will ensure that they stand on a competitive edge over their rivals. Regardless of the outcome, it is the consumers who benefit the most since they get a wide range of goods and services to choose from to meet their tastes and preferences. Levi’s is one of the companies that is experiencing an economic downturn as a result of stiff competition. After being an apparel giant for several decades in the United States of America, Levi’s has started to lose the strong market command that it had. According to the new chief executive officer (CEO) of the firm, Philip Marineau, Levi’s was reluctant to respond to the change in fashion trends especially during the mid 1990s. In the process, it failed to meet the needs and requirements of the market whose tastes and preferences had been changing with time. Unlike other apparel companies such as JNKO and Kikwear that focused on the new generation market and used innovative platforms such as online stores to sell their products, Levi’s concentrated on its baby-boomer generation customers. As a result, the sales of the company have been declining hence resulting in massive layoffs and shutting down of manufacturing plants. From its financial reports, it is evident that the firm barely reached the break-even point. Thus, it is necessary for the management to come up with effective measures that will ensure that the firm’s operations are sustainable in the short run and in the long
The major aim of the provided reading was to showcase the growing investor’s interest in core infrastructure and the benefits of institutional investing. The significant insight for me was the number of benefits displayed for the investors as a consequence of institutional investment. The “D-I-Y” model provides a range of opportunities for investors, thus enhancing the investment market in general. Diversification is the key to establish high return rates and relative stability of the income, which is one of the major investor’s goals. Moreover, events happening in the economic world today lead to an extremely high risk of inflation, presenting a serious threat to the investment sphere. Infrastructure investments, however, display a safe environment for the investors by guaranteeing the low inflation risk. It was mentioned in the previous readings that the value investing concerns the businesses’ assets relevant in real time. Hence, currently, with the increasing value of infrastructure, investors secure stable cash flow by investing in core infrastructure. Regarding the reading, I may suppose that infrastructure is one of the most reliable investment markets due to its accurate correspondence to ESG principles. It is known that the notion of investing is integrated into the system of environmental, social, and governance principles. Thus, the cooperation with core infrastructure can potentially help investors engage with ESG principles, while as a stakeholder, encourage its sustainable development. Taking the reading into consideration, I believe the core infrastructure to be one of the safest investment markets in the context of today’s economics. Political conflicts, high levels of competitiveness, and unemployment make it crucial to invest in relatively monopolistic and stable spheres. However, the concern requiring further investigation deals with the risk of the rapid increase in the number of infrastructure investments, which can cause the loss of its relevance in the market.
Introduction A refugee refers to an individual who has fled his or her country to seek shelter, protection or other basic human needs in another country. There are different situations that may force an individual out of his or her country, some of them being characterized by gross violation of human rights. These different situations can lead to the mass movement of groups of individuals, usually civilians, or fleeing of few individuals of eminent personalities in the country. In addition, a protracted warfare that is experienced in a given country may force some of the civilians that are affected by war to flee from the country to another country in need of protection. Clashes that are often witnessed among neighboring ethnic communities have also been seen to contribute to the displacement of some proportion of a given population. The members of some minority communities may be evicted by rival group. The same applies to the citizens of a country that experiences war with countries. In addition, residents of a war-torn section of a country may be forced out of their residential homes to seek protection elsewhere. Moreover, political temperatures in a country also contribute to the displacement of citizens that become asylum seekers. For instance, a political coup attempt may result into a war between the military on the side of the government and the opposition that attempts to overthrow the government. Civilians are often the victims of such violent circumstances and are forced to flee the country. They are supposed to receive some protection from the government and if this has failed, then they feel they should run away for safety (Selm-Thorburn, 1998). Members of the rebel group or some liberation movement often flee their country for fear of being oppressed by the present government. These liberation movements find it convenient to lay strategies and implement their planned attacks while they are outside their country. This also applies to some senior official in the current government of a given country that has had an ideological difference with his or her seniors and fears that he or she may be assassinated. Regardless of the roots and the immediate cause of refugees and asylum seekers, these individuals have certain common problems that need to be addressed by the host nations. The majority of these individuals have lost all the property from which they would obtain the basic human needs. Some have lost members of their families to the violent wrangles or disasters whereas others have families disintegrated with little possibilities of ever coming together again. The experiences of the refugees on their way from the cruel land are quite tormenting. Some have been psychologically upset due to the loss of property and relatives and the experiences they encountered during the exodus. The refugees and asylum seekers, thus, require psychological therapy and proper guidance and counseling. They still require education and other forms of training that can enable them realize their dreams in life. The United Nations High Commissio