ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) preconditions the occurrence of viral infection that causes skin or mucous membrane growth and the development of complications (McConnell, 2013). In some cases of genital HPV, the risk of cervix cancer becomes high because of the peculiarities of the disease (McConnell, 2013). Moreover, cancer of the penis, vagina, vulva, and anus can be linked to HPV. The main problem associated with HPV is that it cannot be treated nowadays, and there is a focus on dealing with symptoms that are triggered by the virus and preservation of the high quality of patients’ lives. Under these conditions, preventive measures such as vaccination and regular screening acquire the top priority as one of the ways to prevent the appearance of complications or the development of cancer (Chrysostomou, Stylianou, Constantinidou, & Kostrikis, 2018). In accordance with ACS guidelines, Pap smears can be a useful tool to monitor the state of females. It should be performed no later than the age of 21 or approximately three years after the first vaginal intercourse (Chrysostomou et al., 2018). However, the problem is that many young women possess little knowledge about HPV and the importance of Pap smears for their reproductive health, and the given case proves it. Brenda was informed about the abnormal showings of her screening test; however, because of the lack of awareness, she disregarded it and continued having unprotected sex with multiple partners. It means that there was a chance of numerous reinfections. Because of the lack of attention, HPV preconditioned the appearance of tumor and development of carcinoma of the cervical epithelium. In such a way, it is possible to conclude that HPV remains a dangerous disease that should be monitored by constant screenings to avoid the occurrence of complications. Reference List Chrysostomou, A., Stylianou, D., Constantinidou, A., & Kostrikis, L. (2018). Cervical cancer screening programs in Europe: The transition towards HPV vaccination and population-based HPV testing. Viruses, 10 (12), 729. Web. McConnell, T. (2013). The nature of disease: Pathology for the health professions (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: LWW.
This paper is aimed at discussing the short story We Can Remember It for You Wholesale written by Phillip Dick and its screen adaptation Total Recall that was directed by Paul Verhoeven. In particular, it is necessary to explain why this film achieved critical and commercial success. Overall, one can argue that the film-makers decided not to focus on the main theme of Phillip Dick’s novella, in particular the contrast between the expectations of an individual and his real life. Paul Verhoeven and his colleagues had to focus on the actions of the main character, rather than his reflections. Secondly, they attempted to make the protagonist more appealing to the general public. Finally, they had to create visual effects that produced long-lasting effects on the viewer. Thus, the failure to explore the theme of the story helped the film-makers become creative. These are the main questions that should be analyzed. One of the issues that should be discussed is the ideas Phillip Dick attempts to express in the short story. Overall, this author describes the experiences of many people who are essentially dissatisfied with their lives due to some reasons, for instance, lack of career prospects, family problems or monotony. His work is full of irony and compassion at the same time. The writer focuses on the tension between virtual reality and the real life of an individual. First, it should be noted that the main character of the short story Douglas Quail calls himself “a miserable little salaried employee“ (Dick 305). He wishes to visit Mars and imagines himself as an undercover agent. In other words, he is eager to escape into a different world that is not available to him. The feelings and emotions of Douglas Quail may be familiar to many p
“The Indispensable Youth Pastor” book by Mark Devries and Jeff Dunn-Rankin offers invaluable information to persons involved in ministry work that targets the youthful population. It is indeed a life-changing book especially for individuals who are still new in the youth ministry work. For instance, there are a number of key considerations that a prospective youth minister should bear in mind before embarking on this type of ministry call (Devries and Dunn-Rankin 2011, 65). For instance, it is necessary to understand how a youth pastor position can be secured. It is vital to mention searching for a pastoral job is usually the first step for young pastors. As much as pastor-hood is a call, individuals who are interested to work as youth pastors must search for the available jobs in this category. It is similar to seeking any other type of work in a real marketplace environment. After the pastoral job has been obtained, it is vital to mention that a healthy start enables a youth pastor to begin the spiritual career on a smooth lane. Working with youths can be a challenging task to undertake (Devries and Dunn-Rankin 2011, 84). In the last section of the book, the authors address the importance of developing passion and interest for the new job as a youth pastor. The three sections of the book typically address the formal procedures that any other job seeker is supposed to follow. Whereas pastor-hood is a spiritual call to serve God and humanity, the rest of the requirements and duties of an employee are comparatively the same. Every youth pastor can benefit a lot from this book. In addition, the insights offered in the book are practical in nature since they can be easily followed by the targeted readers. All the major seasons in the youth ministry have been addressed in the book. It is interesting to learn that the spiritual growth of the youthful generation demands a lot of com
Introduction Custom Chip, Inc. is a manufacturing company that specializes in components and custom chips that are used in satellite transmitters, radars and radio frequency apparatus. The company was established in 1977 and has been flourishing swiftly ever since. Frank Questin, one of the managers at Custom Chip under the Product engineering department is facing a lot of challenges while trying to carry out his duties and responsibilities. The challenges sometimes made him query his efficiency and effectiveness in accomplishing his managerial responsibilities. This paper analyses the key problems that faces Frank, Pros and cons of Frank’s managerial style, source of conflicts in different departments, advantages and disadvantages of Custom Chip organizational structure and steps that Frank should take to improve this situation. Key problems facing Frank One of the problems facing Frank is inadequate time to accomplish his duties and responsibilities due to frequent disruption and problems brought to him by his colleagues. He lacks the time to develop a proposal that would help in resolving difficulties of documentation in manufacturing. Secondly, lack of accessibility to application engineers is another problem that faces Frank. Frank’s department has to work hand in hand with other departments to accomplish the company’s objectives. The lack of accessibility to people working in other departments leads to poor coordination of activities which eventually affects the final output of the organization. Thirdly, Frank also faces the problem of understaffing in his department. This exerts a lot of pressure on the few employees to accomplish the numerous tasks more effectively and efficiently. Pros and Cons of Frank’s managerial style According to Custom Chip case, Frank tries to solve a number of conflicts that arise among the people in the different departments. He uses collaborative managerial style to handle and solve the conflicts. Collaborative style allows the participation of
Introduction Tammany Hall was well known as a Columbian order hall, founded in the year 1786 by Tammany cultural group. Immigrants and political activities were controlled majorly through Tammany hall, which had all powers over any arising issue within the city. Apart from political control and helping Irish immigrant society, Tammany hall was a governance hall recognized especially when it took place in the elections that were held in the year 1854, which made Fernando Wood – a member of the Democratic Party, to be nominated to the government as the head of the New York state. However, the Columbian hall got an attack when Fiorello La Guardia- one of the Republican aspirants, won the seat as the head of the New York state in the year 1950. It took Fiorello ten years to weaken the rise of Tammany Hall, seizing the Columbian order hall completely in the year 1960. History of Tammany Hall Tammany cultural group was named after Tamanend, who was a Democratic-Republican Politian from America. He was the leader of Lenape group that originated from India dominating the entire Columbian society within the city of New York in the early 19 th century. However, Tammany Hall grew into a strong territory, characterized by political forces and dominating from the year 1789. Tammany hall was the strong and politically revolving center, consisting of fifteen hundred members. The party dominated its strongholds within New York City but it was faced with a high level of corruption, poor governmental control systems and deception within its members. Fernando Wood was the first mayor to be elected in the Tammany hall to carry out the activities that were taking place in New York City. Meanwhile, the Tammany hall was faced with corruptions cases, headed by Senator Boss Tweed, who was in action in the year 1868 together with Tweed Ring defrauding millions of dollars meant to develop and promote development activities within New York City. It was believed that Boss Tweed died in jail after he was found the quality of stealing a huge amount of money from the New York government amounting to two hundred US dollars. The increase of corruption cases dominated strongly within the city under the leadership of leaders such as Honest John, Richard Croker and Charles Murphy. In 1932, James Walker made a resignation from his Tammany hall office due to the allegation that was represented by Samuel Seabury to the city magistrate. This led to the collapse of Tammany Hall, Making Fiorello La Guardia to be elected as mayor in the year 1933 that encouraging the rise of the Tammany Hall period. In the 1950s, Politian Carmine DeSapio tried to regain the stronghold that was associated with New York politics but he did not make it. Boss Tweed early life Boss Tweed was the son of an Irish chair-maker, born in the year 1823. He spends some of h
Abstract A high rate of crime in the UK, relative to other nations in the European Union, compels defensive reactions from the Home Office but forces a re-examination as well of what afflicts community crime prevention programmes. Over a period of three decades, academic research has suggested that community cohesion, among others, helps strengthen the tripartite mechanisms of private, parochial, and public social control and ought to help close the social divides that engender distrust and close off the possibility of cooperation to make neighbourhoods crime-free. Disturbances in the northwest during the summer of 2001 impelled a fresh look at racial resentment that erupted in violence. Subsequent enquiries by four Ministerial panels underlined the urgency of community cohesion as a social good. A local areas booster to the Home Office Citizenship Survey of 2003 provided the opportunity to measure multiple dimensions of community cohesion and assess the relationship with mitigating crime rate. As it turned out, the 32 items measuring cohesion could be grouped into five factors which collectively explained around one-third of the variance in the dependent variable, crime rate. Correlation and regression analysis suggests that high sense of community, belongingness, and trust in politic
Introduction “Who moved my Cheese” is a story written by Ken Blanchard. The story uses four characters, two mice named Sniff and Scurry and two little people, Hem and Ham, to explain the concept of managing organizational changes. The author uses a similar target, cheese, for all four characters, which in real sense symbolizes the goals that human beings try to attain in life; they could be job opportunities, relationship or lifestyles. The story takes an insight of what happens in our daily lives as a way of encouraging people to be prepared for any change. The author brings in the idea of attitude and optimism (palmer, 2008). Purpose of the Author The key purpose of the author in writing this book is to inform the public that change is inevitable. Ken Blanchard (1998) says that “there are changes in life and to everyone”. He relays the message that people should adjust to change or risk losing; and the only way to change is by looking at it positively. In this story, the author informs us that change is happening everywhere, and to everybody. He advices us to adjust to change quickly, and warns us of the dangers of complacency to success. Issues being addressed There are a number of concerns that Blanchard examines in his book “Who Moved my Cheese”. The first issue is the outcome of change, which brings about fear and reluctance whenever people are faced with a need for change. According to Spencer (1998) “we resist change because we are afraid of change”. Still on change, the author looks at what makes people change. Blanchard identifies attitude as a big factor when people are faced with change, since people are observed to associate change with negative outcome (Blanchard & Johnson, 1998). In the story, one of the little people, Hem, was portrayed as being obstinate. After seeking cheese diligently and finding it, he became complacent, and modified his life to revolve around the newly found happiness. Once his cheese was finished, he was reluctant to start his search for new cheese, expecting things to fall back in place. In the discussion part of the story, we get a clear example of how this behavior affects us in life, and especially in the work place. The trimming of departments is one good example, whereby good personnel are assimilated into other departments. Those who choose to ignore the reality of redundant departments find themselves unemployed, unless they prove to be of use in other departments. Key concept being addressed One thing that was common with all four characters in the story was the diligent search for cheese. All four characters found the cheese, and began to enjoy the rewards of their search. While the mice were aware of the diminishing size of the cheese, acknowledging that a time would come when they would have to set off again in search of new cheese, the little people build their lives around the cheese, without looking at the possibilities of diminishing quantity and eventual end. When this story is placed in a real life context, we find that people quickly forget their struggles when pursuing the good life, or other individual goals like jobs. They become complacent and fail to realiz
Introduction Hydrothermal vents, popularly known as black smokers, are the latest discovery in the scientific world. Described as a unique ecosystem, the black smokers continually attract researchers and explorers especially because of their mineral-rich environment. Moreover, black smokers harbor oceanic organisms like bacteria, worms, crabs, barnacles, and other sea creatures that are interdependent to each other. What are the dangers or benefits of continuous exploitation of the ecosystem? Should the oceanographic community fight for the conservation of the unique ecosystem? The following text explores the impact of the exploitation of black smokers highlighting the importance of conservation. Impact of exploration/research of the hydrothermal vents Constant exploration of a natural ecosystem poses lethal effects on biodiversity. The extinction and loss of species put the stability of the ecosystem at risk. Some scientists collect the organisms living in the hydrothermal vents for research purposes. However, the species rarely survive outsides their natural habitat. For instance, deeps sea exploration requires the use of submarines, which subsequently destroy the different species living in the environment. Sometimes the heavy machines used in exploration crush/kill the organism destroying their homes (Garrison, 2009, p. 20). Prawns, limpets, crabs, worms, and other bacteria are some of the organisms, which live in hydrothermal vents but, habitat fragmentation due to exploitation prevents the organisms from freely accessing their home. Unfortunately, some explorers’ harvest the animals, especially crabs and prawns, for food and through killing them, the explorers also reduce their population (Tunnicliffe, 1991, p. 393). Consequently, the organisms may become extinct if the oceanographic community does not regulate the harvesting. Besides disturbing the peace of the organisms in the ecosystem, there is environmental pollution in the event of exploration. The tools, machines, and submarines used to research or navigate the hydrothermal vents lead to water and sound pollution. Consequently, some animals like the prawns, crabs, and limpets may either migrate or die (Tunnicliffe, 1991, p. 330). In the case of migration, invasive species lead to unstable relationships in the neighboring ecosystem. Therefore, the issues above may lead to the extinction of the unique ecosystem. Impact of mineral exploitation The presence of minerals in the hydrothermal vents also attracts geologists from different corners of the world. Sulfur and its other derivatives are the common minerals found at the floor of the sea near the black chimneys. Most of the unique fauna found in the hydrothermal vents depends on the minerals for survival. Therefore, the collection and utilization of the minerals pose a danger to the fauna in the ecosystem because besides disturbing the organisms in the habitat others will either migrate or die (Van & Lee, 200, p.50). To keep the existence of the unique ecosystems oceanographic should advocate for conservation. Conservation Conservatio
The confrontation between the famous Canadian scientist Macpherson and the American economist Friedman is a vivid example of the collision of two opposite value systems. The two people belonged to entirely different political groups and had practically opposed views. The central point of controversy was the concept of freedom and its understanding by the two scholars. The purpose of this essay is to analyze Macpherson’s criticism of Friedman, as well as to examine its components, such as statements about dead labor. Freedom as a concept was perceived differently by the two scholars lies in their political views. As an economist in America, Friedman was a proponent of capitalism and perceived freedom as something negative, as the absence of restrictions. In his understanding, it consisted of free competition under capitalism, in which the state intervenes only when the market cannot regulate itself (Macpherson, 1968). This independence is a prerequisite for political freedom; therefore, it must be guarded and guarded, protected from outside influences. According to Friedman, capitalism is a prerequisite for political freedom, and the scientist makes this conclusion based on observations of human history. According to him, the greatest amount of political freedom was observed only in countries with a capitalist structure. An additional argument for capitalism on the part of Friedman is also the possibility of the economy working as a deterrent to politics. In turn, Macpherson was a supporter of Marxism, and in his arguments to Friedman, he proceeded from a completely different understanding of freedom. For the scientist, this concept represents a necessary positive force and should be used for the complete disclosure of human potential. Thus, freedom can in no way be associated with capitalism, which restrains man. According to Macpherson, in capitalism, an individual can change jobs, but it is impossible to refuse a job (Macpherson, 1968). Consequently, in a capitalist society, there is a compulsion to the existing system, to monetary economic relations, which directly contradicts the concept of freedom put forward by scientists. Macpherson makes three claims to Friedman’s text: capitalism carries out economic activity through coercion; it is not a necessary component of freedom; it is not ethically justified. Macpherson notes that in capitalist countries, the economy does not hold back and directs politics. Thus, Macpherson’s criticism of Friedman is based primarily on different understandings of fundamental concepts of ideologies. Besides, the Canadian scientist noted the one-sidedness and insufficiently clear understanding of the works discussed by Friedman. In particular, according to Macpherson, the economist paraphrases Marx’s original creations, either not fully understanding them or adjusting to his theory (Macpherson, 1968). For example, Friedman examines part of Marx’s statement, focusing on the phrase “to each according to
In some cases, changing the DNA of an unborn person is the same as changing fate and giving a chance for a happy future. Since science does not stand still, people have learned to influence DNA to a certain extent. To date, the idea of “designer babies,” which claims that it is possible to alter the genes of the embryo, carrying out specific genetic manipulations, is becoming pretty popular but needs to be explored more. The opportunity to alter DNA is an excellent step toward the development of science, but it should be used carefully. While nature “has a marvelous mechanism to ensure that each human life has an identical number of chromosomes” and is unique, genetic changes should be utilized only in urgent situations (Belsky, 2015, p. 38). Genetic manipulations are a good idea for two profound reasons: a child’s abnormality or disease. The bioethicist Kevin Smith claims: “if several disorders could be avoided or delayed by genetically modifying humans, the average disease-free lifespan could be substantially extended” (as cited in Guy, 2019, para. 9). Other factors, such as parents’ wish to have a blue-eyed child or a boy instead of a girl, have ethical implications: those manipulations are intervention into the lives of minors and can damage the embryo. The altering DNA for such reasons should hardly be admissible. Therefore, a significant gap lies between the desire to choose the child’s sex or eye color and the striving to save the life or prevent the disease. The idea of “designer babies” can hardly be evaluated as exclusively positive or negative. On the one hand, it indicates the development of genetics and contributes to the destruction of some diseases a child could suffer. On the other hand, the idea of designing unborn humans in the same way that technologists create computer machines seems unnatural. Therefore, in several cases, the manipulations with genes are indispensable and can bring extraordinary benefit, but in other situations, perhaps it would be better to entrust this matter to nature.