ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction International Business Machines (IBM) is a computer technology company and with an interest in information technology. The company mainly deals in manufacturing of computer hardware, development of software, consultancy and a host of other technology services. This paper looks at internal IT management solutions at IBM with special interest in Enterprise Resource Planning, Network management, IT strategy and planning among others. Additionally, the paper looks into possible IT solutions regarding the aforementioned areas at IBM. Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management is a concerted effort towards streamlining movement of products and supplies downward and upward in a supply chain. IBM has an Integrated Supply Chain team. An ISC team was formed to oversee matters concerning the supply chain. Their main function is to identify weaknesses in the supply chain and identify measures that can be taken to improve performance. Since IBM has operations hubs in various parts of the world, ISC ensures that these teams deliver IBM’s strategies and shareholder expectations through monitoring and optimizing the supply chain. The company uses software that tracks inventory movement and manufacturing real-time. It also updates customer information including ordering, market preferences and alerts production departments to ensure that necessary adjustments are made to forecasting to reflect market needs (Davenport & Brooks, 2004). The flow in the Supply Chain Management is categorized into three major flows depending on the materials in the chain (Davenport & Brooks, 2004). The use of IBM applications is executed in these three flows including the product, information and the flow of finances. IBM applications in Supply Chain Management are categorized into two main software applications. They include Planning Application Software and the Execution Software. Whereas the Planning Applications are used in the process of identifying best filing methods for various orders, the Execution Applications are used to in the physical tracking of conditions of goods (Davenport & Brooks, 2004). In addition to the physical tracking, the Execution Application Software also facilitates the proper material and financial management within the chain (Davenport, & Brooks, 2004). It is worth noting that, the two Supply Chain Management (SCM) Software Applications operates with transparency, hence; allow sharing of information both within and outside the enterprise (Davenport & Brooks, 2004). The use of the IBM applications has facilitated faster and a more cost effective system of not only production of materials, but also the supply of the same materials produced. The cost of transportation, inventory as the flow of information has greatly subsided. Enterprise Resource Planning At IBM Enterprise Resource Planning is a direct effort towards increasing business effectiveness, efficiency, and performance. At IBM, various software solutions have been developed to reflect various functions, departments, processes, and decision-making areas. At a manufacturing plant, the operations manager receives the market information from sal
Introduction A dissertation is an important piece of writing in the academic life of a scholar which demonstrates the ability to carry out individual and independent research on a certain topic. Apart from being an importance part of academic development of a learner, it is also very important in career development. A successful completion of a dissertation gives a good evaluation of various competencies in an individual. Since it is not an easy task, an employee who is involved in writing a dissertation develops specialized skills and knowledge which is considered valuable by employers. Qualities of a Good Dissertation A good dissertation takes into account a number of issues and exhibits good balance of various aspects . Complete research for a dissertation relies on materials from different sources among them class materials on a particular subject, practical knowledge gained from first- hand experience in a certain field, knowledge gained from literature review and knowledge gained from researched and analyzed data. All these sources of information are different since every single source presents different information that should be handled individually. However, a good dissertation incorporates all these sources of information to strike a balance. Differentiating the Different Types of Knowledge The knowledge acquired from management modules is important since it will broaden my scope of knowledge. By reading these modules I will get information on how other people attempted or attempt to do various things. Consequently, I can use this information to do what these people have done. I cancan also employ the experience of others after reading to secure success and avoid failure. However, I will not learn everything from the management modules. There are certain skills that are learnt from practice. These skills are gained by having practical experience in the world of work. For example, having been a sales supervisor for a reasonable duration of time, I have learnt certain skills of dealing with the people I supervise. These skills cannot be developed by reading them in the management modules (White, 2002). There is also knowledge gained from literature review. This is knowledge gained by reading, making analysis, evaluating and then summarizing information that has been researched and written on a particular subject. This knowledge is different from knowledge gained through reading modules since when reading modules no analysis is done (White, 2002). Reading modules involves reading all the content while literature review eventually comes up with a summary of the most relevant data concerning a certain topic. Literature review is also different from knowledge gained from experience. Knowledge from literature review is basically information that has been researched and presented by other people while a person who has knowledge from experience has a real picture of the situations because of experiencing them first hand. Finally, new knowledge collected from the field and analyzed is different from all these other sources of knowledge. The difference is evident in that this
Introduction Contrary to the present peaceful coexistence state of all American citizens socially, economically, and politically, in the past, the whites segregated individuals of the African-American origin. Therefore, because of the white supremacy, the Negros had no say, even in issues that concerned their lives; hence, the nature of suffering this community endured in the hands of the whites. The African-American cries for freedom from segregation, indiscriminate killings, deprivation of their fundamental rights, and mob Violence hit a snag because the whites considered Negros as subhuman beings. Because of the worsening condition, Negros sought ways of freeing themselves from such extreme suffering, leading to the rising of two influential Negro leaders, namely Booker T and W.E.B Dubois (Gibson Para. 1-3). Although these two leaders shared a common agenda and agreed on the idea of saving the African-Americans from segregation and extreme suffering, there was a difference between booker t washington’s and w.e.b dubois’ ideological approaches to the problem. Comparison of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois According to Booker T Washington’s biography, he was born a slave in 1856 and later became an advocate for Black Progress. He believed that the gradualist economic approach was the only method that could guarantee Negros freedom, an idea that Dubois dismissed. According to him, regardless of the economic riches and education that Negros obtained under submission to the whites, there is no way whites were to give them freedom, and consequently, his gradualist political policy. The central theme of Dubois’s ideology was that African-Americans had to demand and fight for their freedom. There is no way their white oppressors could leave their slaves to leave (Gibson Para. 1-6). Because of the respect that the whites accorded Booker T having worked with them and showed loyalty to them for a long time, Booker T held the notion that, through foregoing their cries for freedom, social equality, and fundamental liberties, the whites could offer Black Americans some industrial-agricultural training and employment opportunities. Through the expertise learned from the training and jobs, African-Americans were eventually to gain the respect of whites, and consequently, the eventual granting of their civil liberties. To Booker T Washington, the gaining economic independence and respectability were of greater significance than fighting for civil rights through forceful means, which African-Americans had no guarantee that they could win (Henry 1). Difference Between Washington’s and Dubois’ Beliefs Generally, Booker T’s strategy laid more emphasis on blacks accepting and accommodating the white cruelty and s
The aspects that prove the validity and accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information are our touch, sight, smell and hearing. If an individual touch a hot object, the senses involved in feeling automatically send a message to the brain and one is able to protect their hand or any other part of the body before it is burnt. The smell sense is able to signal whenever there is any danger. If a person smells smoke, it is very likely that one will see fire nearby. The information offered by the sight senses normally offers knowledge, which is accurate for the entire world that surrounds us. When we feel a hot or cold object our sense organs make us aware of the temperature variations by sending information to the brain. When we hear something, for instance a moving vehicle, it triggers the body to move away. The world is seen to be interpreted depending on one’s previous experience, background among other factors. The sensory perception is therefore accurate for an individual. On the other hand, an individual coming from a different background may have previous experiences, which are different and this is why this person is not able to view situations in the same manner (Raloff, 2008). The question whether to believe or not to believe the sensory information is considered to be a matter of opinion. The accurate view on the world must be supported by other factors other than the sensory data. For instance, the individual’s state of mind and emotional condition are responsible for this person’s perception of the world around and its interpretation. There are several factors that lead to the determination of accuracy of the sensory data. One of them is food, which is a very important aspect, because the brain requires nourishment in order to work properly and allow the senses to be effective (Raloff, 2008). Having a balanced diet consisting of proteins, vitamins and starch makes sure that the brain works in a productive manner. Second factor is drugs that are also involved in sensory accuracy. Narcotics and pain medications may have serious effects on the brain. If one is under the influence of such medication, he or she may suffer from slowed reaction and dulled sensations. Other drug types can produce more severe effects such as hallucinations. These may lead to long term problems and injuries. Third factor is sleep, lack of which may lead to sensory accuracy. It is an important aspect in life, as almost one third of human life is spent sleeping. If one does not get enough sleep many things may go wrong because the mind does not rest. Human beings have short term memory and long term memory. On top of that there is a sensory store where the memories of smells, sounds and images are kept. These appear as if they reverberate for some time in the sensory locations (Zald, 2003). The role of sensory memory is to filter the unnecessary information out and select the important information, which is stored in the system. The sensory memory holds information for very little time, in case if t
Positive psychology is the systematic analysis of the strengths and qualities that permit individuals to thrive. This field is based on the principle that individuals desire to lead momentous and satisfying lives, to promote what is superlative, and to develop their knowledge of love, employment, and fun. Positive psychology is mainly concerned with three aspects, which encourage individuals to adopt it in solving life problems. The three characteristics are encouraging institutions, individual features and helpful sentiments. Understanding individual Sentiments is important in studying gratification in the past, pleasure in the present and optimism for the future. The field is all-inclusive because it identifies the causes of problems and goes ahead to solve them using the most cost effecting techniques. The field develops some theories that explain why some behaviors or actions occur. Positive psychology is strong because it is responsive to misery and aims at eradicating it. In this regard, it can bring about lasting pleasure, human brilliance and develop some methods for solving problems. Positive psychologists correctly observe that human suffering cannot be separated from well-being. Therefore, psychologists must consider the two possibilities in life, instead of focusing on only one of the two. Positive psychology is resourceful because it argues that happiness is not related to stupidity. Before the invention of positive psychology, most scholars believed that happiness was linked to stupidity. However, positive psychologists proved through research that happiness is indeed related to success at either school or home. As earlier noted, positive psychology is said to promote optimism, which in turn facilitates comprehension of risks. An important quality of positive psychology is that it encourages self-actualization and individualism (Rath, 2007). This imply that individuals have freedom to do as they desire, without being restricted by societal institutions such as the family and the state. Even at work, positive psychology suggests that people should be given freedom to decide on the best ways of achieving their goals and objectives. Antagonists of positive psychology point out that the field is unrealistic and idealistic. The scholars opposing positive psychology argue that individuals tend to ignore negative thinking in their lives. People embrace only positive reasoning meaning that the i
Introduction: Men and Women. Searching for the Points of Contact People have always been dependent on the opinion of the most authoritative sources. Instead of shaping their own vision of the world, they tend to listen to the pieces of advice given by the gurus of the spheres they are interested in. Thus, although the modern world is highly concerned with the impact of the mass media on people’s ideas, the magazine articles impose the ideas that are most profitable for the owners of the magazines, which results in creating another trend in fashion. Considering two articles taken from two separate magazines, one can realize whether magazines impose the necessary vision of the world on the people reading the articles and whether this influences the opinion of the public to a considerable degree. It would be a good idea to consider the opinion concerning one of the most important issues of the modern world – the aspect of physical health and physical attractiveness, as known as fitness. There is no secret that once set the trend for a trimmed and fit figure, magazines offered a number of articles that worshipped the ideal figure and suggested a number of means to improve what does not fit the “standard”. In the recent issues of Men’s Health and Women’s Health, the aspect of fitness was raised once again in the articles entitled Ge t Fit Tricks and Muscle: The Next Level. Shape My Mind Frame: The Magazine World vs. Reality According to the most recent data obtained from the research in the sphere of mass media, the impact of the latter is truly incredible. It offers the most insistent viewpoint without being hindered at all. Why so, would the audience ask; the answer is rather simple. Guarded by the law of the States, the press is free to express their opinion openly: “In the United States of America media is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution” (Siegmund 2008, 3), which explains a lot. Guarded by the law, the mass media is practically invincible to any outside influence, which means that the opinion expressed in the articles is fully imposed by the magazines in which they are printed. It must be mentioned that the situation is becoming even more complicated as various means of imposing the magazine opinion on the population are utilized – according to Hancock (2001), the varieties of ways include language, style, images, headlines, and especially editorial comments (25). A Sociable Super
Nothing is particularly difficult if you divide it into several small jobs. This is according to one great American figure, Henry Ford. Perhaps that was the basis of his great achievements. He ignited Americans’ love for cars. He revolutionized the American car automobile industry and perhaps that is why the Time Magazine dubbed him the “the father of the twentieth century American industry (Iacocca, 1998). The production of the Model T, a car that rocked America and dubbed “America’s Everyman Car” in 1908 was his novel idea. Model T was a car that would serve the interests of a wide class of people (Iacocca, 1998). And this aroused the popularity of the car in America. The car’s simplicity made the car of choice by engineers, yet marketing men preferred it just as much. The pioneer’s dream was mass production of Model T, but in essence, he wanted to see it bought in large numbers. Henry Ford realized that the secret to the success of the car was paying the workers well while producing more cars in less time and for less money, and he did exactly that. After all, you cannot build a reputation on what you will do (but on what you have done) as he was used to say (Iacocca, 1998). Born in Michigan on July 30, 1863, Henry Ford was the son of a farmer (Olson, 1997). Common knowledge would have therefore have it that he would have developed into a consummate farmer, aping his father. Nevertheless, that was not the case. He left school at the age of 15 to work on his father’s farm but he must have realized that he was not destined to be a farmer. One year later, in 1869 he moved to Detroit to become an apprentice in a machine shop (Olson, 1997). His interest for machines must have developed while in this shop because he could spent his evenings repairing watches and clocks to supplement his low wage. Although he later returned to his father’s farm and was given 40 acres to develop, Ford’s interest was just not in farming. He was unable to settle in the farm and returned to Detroit where he got a job as an engineer for a company called Edison Illuminating Company. He also worked on part-time basis Westinghouse Engine Company (Olson, 1997). Perhaps his love for machines was developed by the freedom he had at his young age, working at the farm and handling small machines as a hobby. At that time, no one would have believed that “Ford” would one day become a house hold name across the globe, appearing as one of the world’s top car models. Conceivably, what could have inspired Ford most was his thought that one of the greatest discoveries that a man makes and surprises him most, is the realization that he can do what he initially thought he could not (Olson, 1997). An innovative man, Ford launched the Ford Motor Company in 1903, and claimed the he would build a car for the multitude. The claim was not ill advised, for in October 1908, the first of the Model T cars was out and was on sale for $950 (McCarthy, 2007). However, since Ford wanted the “Ame
Abstract Organic chemistry is a very substantive area of study in chemistry. Therein, the physical and chemical properties of matter containing carbon are investigated. In addition to that, the various chemical processes that revolve around such compounds are further examined. The study of organic substances is quite relevant to appreciate their behavior, both, in their natural form and when incorporated into other substances. Among the several classes, compounds that fall under organic chemistry are carbenes. The essay interrogated carbenes with a particular bias to N-heterocyclic carbenes. Therein the author effectively prosecuted arguments that help explain the nature of the compound mentioned. To satisfy the reader, the author looked at the various physical and chemical properties of N-Heterocyclic carbenes. The intention was to develop the reader’s interest in understanding more about the compound’s chemical reactions. It is at that juncture that the reader is allowed to appreciate the compound’s possible use as an antitumor metallodrug. Introduction According to Clayden, Greeves, and Warren (2), carbenes used to be very reactive, and as such, little interest was accorded to their study. Clayden et al. (7) later retracted their initial opinions about the impossibility to isolate a stable compound of the chemical family in reference. That retraction was a result of the discovery of a stable form of carbene by Igau et al. (19). That carbene was referred to as a ‘persistent carbene’. The most common of these persistent carbenes are the diaminocarbenes. Such compounds have a general chemical formula in the form of (R 2 N) 2 C : In that formula, the Rs connote the functional groups present. The groups are very important to the process (Morisson et al. 13). Imidazole is an example of such a compound. The essay will therefore examine the N-heterocyclic forms of carbenes. To this end, the author will attempt to satisfy certain attributes of these compounds. The author will examine their physical and chemical properties. The purpose is to develop the reader’s interest to appreciate the main argument of the paper. The main argument is the application of the N-Heterocyclic carbene in the development of possible antitumor metallodrugs. The majority of drugs available in the market are either organic compounds or natural products (Wolfgang 113). However, their applicability has been waning and as a result of that, researchers have been exploring other options. Towards that end, researchers have been making huge strides towards the development of m