ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Improvements in the quality of life and access to healthcare worldwide are associated with greater longevity – for instance, in some countries, life expectancy may amount up to 80 years and more. While a longer life is a positive tendency, it gives rise to an increase in age-related health disorders which contributes to the global and national burden of disease. One of the most prevalent health conditions associated with age is hypertension. According to a report by World Health Organization, almost half of the people over the age of 25 suffered from hypertension at least once in their lives (Kishore, Gupta, Kohli, & Kumar, 2016). This essay will provide an informative summary of symptoms, causes, and treatment of hypertension. Hypertension Hypertension is a health condition that is characterized by high blood pressure (HBP). For blood pressure to be considered abnormally high, the readings should consistently display 140 over 90 or higher. It is essential to understand that a single occasion of HBP due to some factors be it stress or environmental conditions does not mean that a patient suffers from hypertension. For a proper diagnosis, a patient showing typical symptoms and making complaints should make regular appointments at his or her GP’s and measure blood pressure at home as well. The symptoms of hypertension can be very mild, and the condition may go unnoticed for years on end. The signs may vary from patient to patient, but typically, if symptoms are present, they include severe headaches, chest ache, difficulty breathing, the feeling of weakness, and fatigue. The main reason why it is imperative to pay attention to symptoms and make an early diagnosis is the extensive list of possible complications. When neglected and untreated, HBP can lead to heart attack or a stroke, aneurysm, heart failure, and even dementia; in some cases, HBP can be lethal. The primary risk factor for HBP is old age since blood vessels lose their elasticity over time (Buford, 2016). Among other factors is the presence of the condition in a patient’s close relatives. Other underlying causes are associated with a patient’s lifestyle: drinking alcohol in excess, smoking tobacco, and not being physically active (Leung et al., 2017). If diagnosed with HBP, a patient is usually prescribed beta-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (Weber et al., 2014). However, taking medication alone does not solve the problem, and a patient should revise his or her daily habits and make improvements. Target Audience and Health Literacy A study by McNaughton et al. (2014) showed that the lack of medical knowledge was associated with elevated blood pressure
Abstract The evolution of disruptive technology has greatly inspired the growth of businesses around the globe. The inceptions of these technological platforms have led to a restructuring of businesses through delivery and payment plan of goods. The initiation of an online gift store would, therefore, enhance the process of acquisition of products by the client, payment of the goods and services, and the subsequent delivery of these products. Thematic approach Kuwait is currently experiencing massive growth of the economy boosted by the ever-increasing demand for global energy. This has led to the intense development of its internet infrastructure that has increased the online presence of the Kuwait population. This necessitates the initiation of an online platform for sending and receiving gifts. This online portal will be not only key in saving time but also very convenient to the users who would want to get all the goods and services at the comfort of their home. A strong and reliable secure network runs the online gift shop. With a very impregnable connection, the security of the payment system will offer a desirable mode of payment in Kuwait. In addition, clients are capable of choosing their gifts from a variety of assortments. It is expected that the institution of this online platform should revolutionize the concept of online shopping in Kuwait even as it is gradually registered a massive growth in the online presence of most of its citizens. Illustration of the business model Mobile functionality The emergence of Android mobile phones is considered as a factor that will positively influence the online business of purchasing gifts. The business model is seeking to take advantage of the influx of these gadgets into the Kuwait market to ensure that people can access the Internet and go on shopping at the touch of a button. In addition, the online transfer of money is a key point due to which the online gift centre will do its operations. Kuwait has very liberal money transfer policies that should work in favour of the online platform. Moreover, the inception of the mobile money transfer in Kuwait will be a very big advantage to online portals as payments will be made very easily and at the comfort of the user’s home before the delivery of the product. Delivery Being a gift store, the aspect of “speed” and “convenience” in the delivery of the products is very crucial. In this respect, a reliable courier service shall be contracted in order to achieve this objective. The desire of the store is to offer quick delivery of the goods almost immediately after the purchase. The Kuwait transport infrastructure
Psychology is the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions. The phenomena are such things like feelings, desires, cognitions, reasoning, decisions, and the like. When these are phenomena are superficially considered, their variety and complexity leaves a chaotic impression on the observer. Different individuals tried to organize these phenomena in order to come up with a uniformed discipline, the modern psychology. Due to the high number of contributors to this field, the actual founding ‘father of psychology’ is disputed. This essay examines a number of key figures associated with the psychology. The essay, however, singles out one figure that best fits the description of being the ‘father of psychology’. Two of the earliest founders of psychology are Plato (428-347 B.C.E) and Aristotle (384-322). These two famous Greek philosophers had far-reaching influence on Western thought. Although neither is best known for his psychological ideas, both have had an impact on Western conceptions of the mind. For instance, Plato believed that the truth lay in abstract concepts, or forms that could be grasped through reason alone. He argues that the data we get from our senses is impermanent and, thus, illusionary. The notion of an inborn mental ability to grasp concepts and categories is consistent with modern cognitive psychology and neuroscience, although the dismissal of ‘sense data’ is not. Aristotle was much enamored of the natural world and believed knowledge to come from systematic, logical reasoning about our observations of nature. He held that the capacity for logical reasoning is innate, but the content of our knowledge can only be grasped through our senses. In this way, Aristotle anticipated the foundations of modern science. Plato also had ideas about emotions and emotional control that anticipated Freud’s theories of the ego and the id. Plato’s three-part division of the soul into appetite, reason, and temper has been linked to Freud’s division of the mind into id, ego, and superego. Plato also believed in controlling the bodily passions in order to turn one’s desire toward loftier goals. This is described in his metaphor of the soul as a charioteer with a pair of winged steeds. One steed is immortal like that of the gods and aspires toward contemplation of spiritual beauty. The other steed is mortal and plunges toward earth and toward animalistic passions and desire. The chariot must rein in the steed of animal appetites in order for the soul to gain true happiness. The earthly steed can be tied to the id and the charioteer to the ego. On more loss grounds, the immortal steed can be linked to the superego . The ideas of the Greek philosophers were disseminated through the Roman Empire and remained inf
Definition of Industrialization Industrialization refers to widespread increase and growth of industries because of technology. The community changes from agriculture dependent to manufacturing and the country`s ability to produce secondary goods and services is boosted. However, industrialization is not only the physical growth of individuals, but it involves psychological change. The society changes its discernment of character. Additionally, people have to revolutionize their sociological practices of ubiquitous rationalization. The First Big Business in the United States According to Howard, train was the first large business established at the time industrial revolution was beginning in America [1] . It was linking port cities to the distant areas, and it grew at an astounding pace. Atchison and Pike’s Peak Railroad report of 1866 illustrates that considerable existing commerce, which is rapidly increasing competence in railway authority expresses, leading to a conviction that, within a period of five years from the opening a single track, there will be inadequate business flowing [2] . These were the first means of transportation to surpass the swiftness of a horse. Transcontinental railway lines were established, sharing skills between various states began to surface and its coordination between exchanging lines was in place at 1841. As this business expanded geographically, it needed more people to operate as analyzers of business, finance managers or the general operation managers. It from its early times structure the present railway industry materialized as perrow argues that railroad organizations were the biggest and richest organizations in the country, and then the world, since they had set organizational forms that would dominate all of industry for the next century [3] . Advantage the United States in the Area of Management for this Business America had several advantages in the area of management of the railway industry. At this time of railway construction, there was an iron and steel industry in this country. The industry had already absorbed the weak ones and had introduced new techniques, which increased iron output. It could meet the iron needed for railway construction easily. In the meantime, there was the establishment of an oil refining industry and other minor companies like meat packers, which was a source of goods that the railway would transport. There were other minor industries establishing at this time, and there was no other means of transport present. Therefore, railway was the fastest and reliable means of transport, and it had to
The level of community involvement and environmental sustainability determines the success of a company in the hospitality industry. The community should support the business strategy of an organization for it to succeed. The hospitality industry will develop if the members of the society approve and accept its ideas and business approach. Through strategic thinking, business managers can plan for their businesses depending on the support they receive from the community. The sustainability of the environment offers the best conditions for business performance and growth. These factors are important to the success of the hospitality industry. Such factors are also more important in the hospitality than in the other industries (Enz, 2009). This is because it depends on the environment for availability of raw materials and resources. Sustainable environments will ensure the customers get proper services from businesses in the industry. It can only succeed in a more friendly and sustainable environment. The support received from the community also determines the success of the hospitality industry more than that of any other business. It is important for investors to consider the involvement of the community and environment sustainability as these are two critical issues needed for the success of the business. Existing businesses in the industry can improve the sustainability of the environment by planting more trees and supporting corporate responsibility. They can also engage the community to support its initiative and agenda. Reference Enz, C. (2009). Hospitality Strategic Management Concepts and Cases . New York: Wiley.
The theme of slavery has been a considerable issue for a long period of time. Some people found this fact injurious; some people tried to make as many benefits as possible; some people could not stand why so many brave and smart people did nothing to change the situation. The story written by Frederick Douglas is the story of an American slave, who succeeded in proving that education could be the required salvation from to freedom. People just had to strive for it and take reasonable and well-grounded steps. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas is a chance to learn how an ordinary slave could understand the opportunities and achieve the goal to be free; the example of Douglas should inspire people regardless their race or nationality to realize that their lives could be changed for better with time if some actions take place. Douglas does not use too complicated words or ideas to describe his life. Each though has its sense, and each action is properly explained. He is not ashamed to admit his weaknesses or inabilities or to tell about his strengths and desires. Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born in slavery in the family of his mother’s master, Mr. Lloyd. He was soon separated with his mother. Being poorly aware of his origins, his father, and his opportunities, the child became a servant. “It is a common custom, in the part of Maryland… to part children from their mother at a very early age” (Douglas par. 28). For a certain period of time, Douglas worked at the Mr. Severe’s plantation in Talbot County. Being a little boy, he changed several masters because it was hard to find enough work for a slave of a young age. He could not be a field hand; therefore, he could perform various duties at a house. At the age of 10/11 (Douglas did not know his exact date of birth), he was sent to the Auld’s where his mistress showed him a new side of life. Douglas was inspired by the possibilities available to people. He understood that there was a choice to be made by every slave. “I got it [understanding the pathway from slavery to freedom] at a time when I the least expected it” (Douglas par. 77). At the age of 12, he realized that slave life is not for him. The experience he got being a slave of Mr. Covey made him more confident about his intentions. After a terrible fight with the master because of brutal treatment in regards to all slaves, Douglas did not provide any other person whipped him again. The work at Mr. Freeland provided Douglas with a chance to earn more money as a caulker and escape. With time, he married a free black woman, Anna Murray, and became a famous lecturer at a famous anti-slavery society. I think that there three main stages in Douglas’s life that made him who he was. First, it was the separation of his mother, when he understood that nothing could be done against the prejudices and rules inherent to society. Second, it was the communication with Sophia Auld, who helped him to start his education. And finally, his battle with Mr. Covey that opened him the door rebellio
Introduction For centuries, the question of spiritual leadership in Christianity has interested humanity. In the Scripture, the very inception of the church as an institution of believers’ unity is described, which implies the importance of referencing the Holy Bible in an attempt to reevaluate the leadership and structural guidelines as presented in the original source. The biblical representation of church structure provides significant clarifications on how believers should be guided. The structural system of church, as well as the general implications of spiritual leadership, are explicitly addressed in several parts of the Bible. In particular, these issues are discussed in the Old Testament’s Exodus 18 in Jethro’s advice to Moses and in the New Testament’s Pastoral Epistles by Paul. The role of Jesus as the head of the church is presented to highlight the hierarchy in the system, where pastors and overseers are given the responsibility of being God’s representatives for people. The relevance of this research topic is justified by the need to expand the knowledge of leadership strategies and structural division of church for facilitating pastoral workforce. For effective leadership and governance in the church, overseers and believers need to align with the prescriptions of the Holy Bible to maintain the order in the congregation and ensure relevant governance. In this paper, the general insights on the role of the Holy Bible in the formation of leadership and structural organization of church are presented. Jethro’s views on church structure are discussed and analyzed according to their presentation in Exodus. The lessons taught by Jethro to Moses are interpreted from the perspective of their application to the modern-day Christian church. Also, Paul’s perspective on the structure in the Pastoral Epistles is analyzed in order to identify the main ideas that apply to church organization and leadership within the structural hierarchy. Overall, the paper aims at exploring the distinctive features of Jethro’s and Paul’s views on church structure as presented in the Bible and identifying the opportunities for their application to the modern church. Leadership and Structure When tackling the question of leadership and structure as presented in Biblical writings, one might identify the generalized applications of the ideas to multiple spheres of human life, beyond church and religion. Indeed, as Jere and Magezi state, Pastoral letters and other leadership-related messages available from the Bible have a significant global impact on regulating “the social, political and economic situations affecting the lives of people.” The organization of vital processes in life, as well as the establishment of a hierarchical system of subordination in governance, allow for effective resolution of problems. Therefore, the Bible provides comprehensive guidelines for the general public when questioning the social and political organization and the role of individuals in it. At the same time, the Bible is an essential source of guidance for leaders and representatives of management occupations. One of the most important and informative issues pertaining to
Introduction: What is social psychology? Social psychology is a scientific discipline in which social scientists attempt to look at the influence of other people on an individual’s feelings, behavior, and thoughts. In most cases, the presence of other people in an individual’s surrounding is taken to be actual, implied, or imagined (Fiske, 2010, p. 4; Sanderson, 2010, p. 4). In essence, social psychology revolves around the study of social influence, which is the impact of other human beings on others, and thus people tend to do what others (in their immediate environment) are doing at a given period in time. As a result, the human being(s) that influence one or more persons in the social set-up constitute a social situation. Therefore, social situations can be anything from one person (bystander) to a group of people (students in a classroom). This paper seeks to analyze the core characteristics of social psychology before looking at the concept of situationism and its relevance to social psychology. Finally, the paper will look at the core social motives and their significance to the field of social psychology. The core characteristics of social psychology There are four core features of social psychology including broad scope, cultural mandate, scientific methods, and search for wisdom (Fiske, 2010, pp. 29-34). As noted in the foregoing discussions, the fact that social psychology entails the study of the social influence makes it have a broad scope in many aspects. Here, it is important to note that social influence exists because people are always motivated to exist and/or comply with different social situations. For instance, social influence is the driving force behind fashion dynamics, career choices, politics, and sports among other human activities or behaviors. Therefore, since social psychology aims at looking into each of these social activities relative to the conduct of the human beings involved, its scope is not limited to only a few items. As a result, for one to adequately cover the topic of social influence there is the need to break it down into manageable subcategories, which will then form the basis of scientific experiments and other investigations. On the other hand, social psychology is culturally mandated in that its evolution/development is pegged on cultural changes, which in turn implies that people will devise different social motives in order to survive in the ever-changing/diverse cultures in the contemporary societies. For instance, in the recent past, if one wanted to predict the behavior of another person, and in turn explain why the latter acted in whichever way, the explanation will be based on religion or tradition. However, with emergence of social sciences, human behavior can be examined and elaborated on the basis of scientific methods, theories, and hypotheses. Simply put, social psychology and other social sciences provide various scientific explanations, which
To be a leader, every individual should strive to master specific skills and patterns of behavior that can ensure a conducive environment for productive cooperation. One such ability is excellent speaking, usually directed at conveying ideas clearly and persuading an audience to accept a particular perspective. In particular, this issue is discussed by Angela Barrus, Education Speaker and Distinguished Toastmaster (DTM), in Toastmasters International’s Q&A session. Thus, this paper aims to provide feedback to this meeting by describing gained useful insights about public speaking and leadership. In the session, the conversation is held between Jonathan Lamb, district growth and support director at Toastmasters International, and Angela Barrus, behavioral therapist and transformation mindset coach, about various aspects concerning leadership, including speaking abilities. Specifically, Barrus begins by explaining that the fundamental quality of leadership is creating an atmosphere of self-belonging, where all participants actively interact and support each other. This is especially critical when different conflict occur since undermine the practical cooperation. In this regard, Barrus interestingly notes that when such situations emerge, persons should primarily seek common ground, that is, points that can bring them together, including goals, tasks, or language. To resolve a conflict, a leader must forget about his or her ego, focus on a guest, and attempt to comprehend another person’s side. Another practical item that Angela Barrus recommends while consulting somebody is being attentive and concise while speaking and discussing those things that an audience actually needs and is concerned about. In this respect, the conversation should last 10 or 15 minutes in a calm and favorable setting. Besides, she notes that it is essential to build relationships, especially when dialogue fails, by demonstrating vivid interest for clients or members and learning them closer. Finally, Barrus indicates that when the learning process seems challenging, and individuals should remember this process helps reveal their talents and personalities. Reference Toastmasters International. (2020). Toastmasters 2020 Convention Speaker Showcase: Angela Barrus [Video]. YouTube. Web.