ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The focus on one’s physical appearance and attractiveness strongly affects people in the modern age of social media and aggressive advertising. Young men and women whose growing bodies change quickly may fall victims of trying to adhere to the image created by others. Excessive information about diets and the idea that a “perfect body” should be among people’s most desirable goals destroy some persons’ lives. Eating disorders, including anorexia and bulimia nervosa, can affect people of all ages and genders, being prevalent in younger individuals (Fichter & Quadflieg, 2016). For instance, more than 10 percent of all young people experience an eating disorder before they turn 20 (Culbert, Racine, & Klump, 2015). However, these problems can be prevented and treated if a person seeks professional medical help and takes a few steps to recovery. The causes of eating disorders may vary from one person to another. Some individuals believe that a thin body equates to attractiveness, wanting to belong to a certain company or community. Others are driven by their athletic achievements, thinking that a smaller frame will help to be fast and strong. The outcomes of these thoughts are serious – the mortality of people with untreated eating disorders is much higher than that of individuals with depression or schizophrenia (Fichter & Quadflieg, 2016). In particular, anorexia is among the most dangerous mental health problems for younger adults. Eating disorders may go unacknowledged for a long time. The problem in asking for help is rooted in the feeling of shame. To combat eating disorders, a person has to overcome his or her fear and guilt. One’s thoughts about worthlessness exacerbate the problem further, and embarrassment becomes the driver that pushes victims to hide their condition instead of seeking assistance and support. The Christian outlook reminds these people that this feeling of shame is false (Uhley, 2016). One’s value is measured not by their appearance but by their existence and trust in the Creator. Thus, seeking help and battling the disorder is a way to accept that all people were created by God and loved by Him regardless of how thin they are. Notes: Such images as one’s obsession with advertisements and models can be used to visualize unhealthiness. Symptoms, weaknesses, and outcomes can also be used to raise awareness in opposition to healthy, happy relationships and self-acceptance.
The Internet as a Network of Networks The internet is referred to as the network of networks since computers are not all connected at the same level. Instead, they are grouped into smaller networks known as Local Area Networks (LANs) (Anatole et al. 70). These smaller systems or LANs are composed of few computers that can communicate together. In the event they want to communicate to another computer outside the network, they pass the message through a getaway to the other computer. Hence, the small networks are linked to other networks through getaways, which ultimately result in the formation of a worldwide network of computers, namely the internet. DHCP and NAT Network Address Translation (NAT) refers to an Internet Protocol (IP) and mapping technologies, which allow the sharing of a single internet connection over a single IP portal. In other words, each computer does not require a unique IP code. The NAT decides how communication will be done via the computers (Anatole et al. 69). The technology is used in residential places or offices for its security features. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is an internet configuration setup where computers are assigned IP codes through a DHCP source. Unlike NAT where computers share a single IP code, the DCHP automatically allocates each computer a distinctive IP code. Both protocols are important since they allow computers to communicate easily by effectively routing and relaying information and communication to the right computer without confusion. Internet 2 Internet 2 refers to the collaboration between over 100 US colleges and other institutions to develop networking and sophisticated applications for research and scholarship (Anderson and Agarwal 616). The goal of Internet 2 is to develop a high–bandwidth interlink through a networked infrastructure that guarantees express internet to support such applications. Steps of Risk Assessment Risk assessment follows three steps. The first step is the recognition of hazards where the focus is on anything that can cause harm concerning the subject of the risk, for instance, a computer network. The second step is the classification of the intensity of the jeopardy. In this case, the focus is narrowing down hazards that have higher risks (Armbrust 55). The last step is the establishment of control procedures to reduce or eradicate the jeopardy. In this case, the focus is on abolishing the areas of vulnerability to ensure that the hazards no longer pose any danger. Assets of Data Communications Network Assets are important in the data communications system. The communication setup needs a minimum of six assets (White 12). The first asset comprises the control systems, which are meant to direct, administer, and regulate other
Introduction Parties exist to seize and exercise state power and would do anything to capture such power to allocate state resources. When they capture political power, they engage in processes that promise to perpetuate them in power. Gerrymandering is one such process, which involves a sub-division of electoral areas in ways that favor one party at the expense of other parties. This essay seeks to look at the concept of gerrymandering, highlight various examples of gerrymandering, differences between various classes of the candidate, and explain terms like primary, caucuses, and super delegates as applied in choosing of a presidential party candidate. Gerrymandering Gerrymandering refers to subdividing electoral units in a biased way that gives an unfair advantage to one party over its opponents (Encyclopaedia Britannica). The term got the prominence during the reign of Governor Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts whose government established a law in 1812 delineating new state senatorial units (Encyclopaedia Britannica). The law amalgamated Federal Party ballots in few electoral units and thus gave an unfair advantage to Federalist Party over Democrats and Republicans (Encyclopaedia Britannica). This type of gerrymandering takes the name of partisan gerrymandering and has manifested recently in the United States of America. In 2002, Senator Guy Velella, a Republican, succeeded in gerrymandering Bronx District to the extent of eliminating his challenger’s house from the district (The New York Times). This gave him the power of incumbency that saw him rule for eighteen years. He would have ruled for more years was it not for his conviction on bribery-related charges (The New York Times). Another instance of gerrymandering happened in Assembly District 131 whose assembly had been under the control of Democrats for many years (The New York Times). Mapmakers in the district worked to protect the Democratic seat. Since the district fell in Republican territory, mapmakers added areas considered Democratic Party’s strongholds to the district (The New York Times). The second type, racial gerrymandering, refers to the process of spreading minority votes in several districts to prevent a minority group from electing one of their own (Scheidegger). It is a rare practice in the United States and goes against the Fourteenth Amendment as well as the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This protects the minority since there is a probability of judicial remedies when racial gerrymandering takes place (Scheidegger). A court of law overturned an attempt to execute racial gerrymandering in Texas by ascertaining that it went against Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act since it reduced the capability of voters of the United States (The New York Times). Third-Part
Though situated in a geographically wet region with ample rains, the highly populated and economically vibrant island of Singapore is ranked among the most water-stressed nations globally. The island is tiny, highly populated, and very industrialized. It neither has natural water sources nor sufficient water storage space. In addition, the Singapore and Kallang Rivers have suffered from industrial pollution for a long time. Consequently, half of the water requirements are supplied via a dike channeling water from “the southern peninsula state of Johor,” a source that lies at the center of a diplomatic row between the island and its neighbor, Malaysia (Goh 77). The existing water agreement between the two nations is deemed to expire in 2061. The dire situation calls for an urgent action to “devise mechanisms to solve water shortage and ensure self-reliance” (Abrams 45). Thus, Singapore is faced with the challenge of providing clean water to its population. Apart from importing water, the country has adopted desalination, tapping rain waters, cleaning polluted rivers, and sewerage recycling as other tactics to curb water shortage. The country harvests rainwater through “a network of drains, canals, rivers, stormwater, collection ponds, and reservoirs” (Senthilingam 1). This program involves collaboration between several government agencies and planners to ensure that the scarce land available is maximally used for water catchment, housing, and development. The Bedok and Lower Seletar Schemes are examples of these projects. The second remedial measure is water recycling and reclamation. According to Goh, water recycling initiatives were initiated in 1966 following the launch of the “Jurong Industrial Water Treatment plant” to provide piped water to the Jurong Industrial Estate (80). Systems on Silicon Manufacturing and STMicroelectronics are some of the companies that heavily invested and benefitted from the plan. The country expanded this plan by increasing the treatment of wastewater effluent, allowing for the development of a membrane technology dubbed the ‘Newater.’ The wastewater is passed through “a four-step series of barriers and membranes,” freeing it from sediments, microbes, and impurities to generate clean water supplies for both industrial and domestic use (Shah 2). The quality of water obtained is above that recommended by international standards. The desalination of sea waters is another approach that Singapore adopted recently. Despite the high costs of setting up desalination plants, Singapore prides itself in hosting some of “Asia’s largest seawater reverse-osmosis plants” like the Tuespring desalination plant (Tortajada, Yoshi, and Biswas 10). The country meets up to 25% of its current water needs through the desalination process. Other measures such as reduction of w
Introduction and Point of View Food industry is considered to be one of the fastest developing in the modern world. More and more people prefer eat healthy and natural food. The development of the innovative technologies and their implementation in the food industry made it possible create synthetic food. Still, people understand that there is nothing more useful than natural and organic food. Each company tries to be oriented on its clients as they are the main identifiers of a company’s success. Understanding human desires, Whole Foods Market tries to meet their requirements by means of selling natural and organic food. The main purpose of this paper is to consider Whole Foods Market and its issues. The issues under discussion are as follows, procurement, distribution, merchandising, food quality, marketing, business planning, competition, security, and financial analysis of the Whole Foods Market functioning. After a thorough research it was concluded that the key issues of the Whole Foods Market are the financial analysis, procurement and business planning. Identification of Issues Dwelling upon the issues, it should be mentioned that only the complex functioning of those allows the company remain so successful and financially profitable. Distribution of the products in the Whole Foods Market chain is not centralized. The chain is directed at local vendors, so each store is provided with the products from the region it is located in. There are 9 main distributional centers which try to organize and control the work in the sphere. Merchandising is really important for the company. Being an organization which offers its customers only natural and organic food, the company tries to place the products in such a way that people could choose what they want. Customers are given an opportunity to come closer to the shopboards and choose the items they want. The main principle of merchandising in the Whole Foods Market is to offer the customers only fresh and quality products they may be satisfied with. Turning to the problem of food quality, it should be mentioned that one of the main purposes the organization is “helping support the health, well-being, and healing of both people – customers, team members, and business organizations in general and the planet” (Thompson C-2). Whole Foods Market provides people with natural and organic foods. Buying products in the Whole Foods Markets, people pay much attention to the use-by date information. The managers of the stores care greatly of the quality of the products as natural food exceeds the time limits of warehousing faster. Quality is a core issue for the Whole Foods Markets
Project Overview Few campaigns touch on the rising need to properly get rid of cigarette butts. As a result, most smokers do so in a casual manner that often results in environmental pollution (Lee, Ranney & Goldstein 2013). The proposed campaign will educate smokers on the hazards of disposing of cigarette butts carelessly. Background Research Indiscriminate Disposal of Cigarette Butts as a Social Problem A social problem is one that affects the peaceful interaction and existence of people in society. Careless disposal of cigarette butts is an example of such a problem (King 2011). The practice affects the smoker and other members of society. It is a common practice among smokers to dispose of butts in a haphazard manner. The butts litter roads and parks. The view of such sites is degraded. Butts that are not properly put out also continue to emit fumes that may ruin the comfort of others. In addition, forest fires that are caused by careless cigarette smokers cause environmental pollution. Addressing the Problem Little has been done to address the problem (Riutta 2008). Current efforts are in the second stage of social innovation, proposals, and generation of ideas. The prompt stage has been completed since the crisis has been identified. The need for new social innovation has been discussed. An idea to deal with the problem was generated following the proposal to use television advertisements and Facebook to increase awareness about the harmful effects of careless disposal of cigarette butts. However, the idea has not yet been tested. Critical Factors There are three critical factors to take into consideration when implementing the ideas proposed in social innovation. They include conditions, causes, and attitudes. Condition refers to the way something exists. When carrying out the campaign, it is important to know what the situation on the ground is to be able to address the root cause of the problem facing the population (Barnes 2011). Causes of the problem also need to be evaluated. In this case, one should highlight some of the reasons why the problem has occurred. People’s attitudes towards the problem are also important. Alternative Solutions There are several approaches that can be used to solve the problem at hand. Due to public demand, cigarette companies have resorted to the manufacture of biodegradable butts (Riutta 2008). As a result, littering is avoided. The move is the first alternative solution. Many governments have banned smoking in public places to reduce pollution. Some states, such as San Diego an
The topic of building healthy environments within the community has been relevant in modern contexts because the quality of the surroundings has a direct influence on how health outcomes are developed within the population. Policymakers in this sphere have been tasked with making policy decisions regarding the establishment of healthy environments, including transportation, housing, and energy, all of which require collaborative measures. In their article, Koehler et al. (2018) aimed to provide a guide that community leaders should use when discussing public health effects of decisions about developed environments. The expertise of the authors is attributed to their work at the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering at John Hopkins University, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Vital Strategies, and Our Planet organizations. Practical tools that assist in environmental decision-making, including Health Impact Assessments, cumulative risk assessments, and environmental public health tracking are also discussed. The value of the study is linked to a large range of recommendations for improving public environments to increase the health outcomes of the population. The proposed framework for healthy communities implies the use of public health tools and approaches to strengthen the quality of relations between public health and the built environment. For example, it is suggested to improve the quality of green spaces and waterways because they offer people opportunities to congregate, exercise, and relax. In regard to housing, the authors recommend implementing initiatives to build affordable and healthy housing as well as end both ethnic and economic segregation of underserved populations (Koehler et al., 2018). Another important takeaway from the study refers to the need to develop partnerships with communities across a multitude of disciplines to implement efforts that would align with community needs. Researchers must integrate citizen science into the process of decision-making to address real-world issues. In addition, education is needed to enhance cross-disciplinary skills and ensure that environments are created for the population. Reference Koehler, K., Latshaw, M., Matte, T., Kass, D., Frumkin, H., Fox, M., … Burke, T. (2018). Building healthy community environments: A public health approach. Public Health Reports, 113 (Supplement 1), 355-435.
The health of the nation starts with the success of each family. Each family unit pursues its own goals, which are based on the personality of people, education, culture, and many other factors. Health habits are practices and rituals that are adopted by a family for preventing diseases and saving robust health as long as it is possible. Such factors as communication between the individuals in the family determine the rituals that children might learn from their parents. The younger generations are prone to adopt the lifestyle of their parents; this is the reason why the choices of the adults are crucial and determining the health of all family. The detailed analysis of the health patterns of the family helps to reveal problems that could cause further medical disorders at their early stages. The Structure of the Interviewed Family The interviewed family is a middle-class white Catholic family, which consists of four members. The family is originally American, living in the same city for the past fifteen years. Parents have been together for eleven years; the father is thirty-nine years old, and the mother is thirty-six years old. They have two children – a boy who is ten years old, and a girl who is eight years old. The mother works as an assistant at a public school, and the father is an engineer at the construction bureau. Both children, the boy, and the girl attend public school in their neighborhood. The family does not identify itself as religious; they live in a standard middle-class house in a quiet district of the town. Health Behaviors of the Family and its Members The assessment of health behaviors of all family members starts with discovering the values that it pursues (Ghesquiere, & Spector, 2015). The adults share a correct understanding of a healthy diet and the importance of sports activities (Sundin, & Östlund, 2016). Even though the members of the family are conscious about their health, they do not invest enough time into applying their knowledge about a healthy lifestyle. Nonetheless, trying to improve their habits, all family started jogging every morning, before school and working hours. At the same time, the father changed his diet by eating only home-cooked food. Both parents have developed a strategy aimed at improving their eating habits and set goals to improve their health within the upcoming year. The family has decided to strengthen their values by taking dynamic activities, showing more respect to each family member, and following everyday rituals. The H
Introduction John Stuart Mill was a famous English philosopher. Mill contributed a lot to political economy, political theory, and social theory. Most of Mill’s ideas have reshaped people’s ideas regarding politics, justice, economics, and happiness. Capaldi (21) writes that his influence came from his father and Jeremy Bentham. As a child, his father encouraged him to study various works by great philosophers and thinkers such as Plato. Mill eventually became one of the greatest philosophers of the 19 th century. This paper presents a short biography of the philosopher and goes further to discuss some of his outstanding ideas and philosophical views. Mill’s Short Biography John Stuart Mill is definitely one of the famous philosophers of the modern era. Mill was born on 20 May 1806 in Britain. He was born to James Mill, a great historian, philosopher, and economist. By the age of 12, Mill had studied works of great philosophers such as Plato. He had also familiarized himself with subjects such as algebra. Mill’s father shielded him from children of his age (Capaldi 16). As a scholar, Stuart Mill wrote extensively on various subjects including morality and politics. He also served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Westminster. He was the first person to call for equality by giving women rights to vote. During his life, “Mill wrote many works in support of utilitarianism, women rights, and liberty” (Capaldi 86). He also contributed widely to political and social theories. Mill was an atheist. He taught different scholars such as Bertrand Russell. The philosopher died in Avignon, France, on 8 May 1873. Today he remains a great figure in modern philosophy. John Stuart Mill’s Philosophical Ideas Stuart Mill was definitely an influential philosopher of the 19 th century. Some of the outstanding ideas by Stuart Mill appear in his masterpiece “On Liberty”. In the work, Mill examines the question of liberty and the power of the society. According to Mill, “individuals in the society are permitted to harm themselves” (Capaldi 72). This is acceptable only if the individuals do not harm other people. However, there is need to prevent individuals from damaging property or themselves. This is necessary because such individuals do not live in “isolation”. This establishes what Mill calls the “harm principle”. According to the principle, any kind of harm to property and individuals might eventually affect the welfare of the society. Mill goes further to say that “individuals should be free and do whatever they want unless they potentially harm other people in the society” (Mill 37). This means that individuals have the right to make decisions that will affect their wellbeing. Governments should intervene in order to