ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Schwartzman (2014) observes that the existing biodiversity and human civilization have been grossly affected by catastrophic climate change (3that Cs). The review begins by noting that an effective prevention program is necessary to avoid the impending threat of climate change. In other words, threats associated with climthe ate change are inevitable. Global pandemic and nuclear war also pose similar threats to humanity, although they are not inevitable as it is the case with catastrophic climate change. Past studies confirm that the human race has continued to burn the fossil fuel reserves with impunity. The study goes on to illustrate withthat governments across the globe and especially major emitters of toxic gases have not demonstrated firm commitment to cut down their emission quarters. The author inquires if there is sufficient time left to avoid environmental threats posed by climate change. The available opportunity to reduce harmful emissions is gradually narrowing down according to estimates provided by climate scientists. Within a period of five to ten years, the world might begin to experience irreversible climate change with a definite rise of 2 degrees centigrade of global temperature. A similar estimate has been provided by the International Energy Agency (IEA). The author suggests that major emitters of greenhouse gases can opt for clean energy sources such as solar, wind, or hydro power instead of transforming global economies from capitalism to socialism. Evaluation The author seeks to explore whether zero economic growth is the best solution for catastrophic climate change that seems to endanger biodiversity. Schwartzman (2014) objects the idea that the world should divert from capitalistic to socialist economy in order to minimise environmental threats posed by greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere. The author argues that it is not technically achievable to lower the expected temperature rise if the current emission quotas are not checked. The article is constructed around literature reviews of both past and current studies on catastrophic climate change. For example, the 2012 World Energy Outlook report proposed a significant reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels if the five-year emission target is to be achieved. The ability of the global society to attain ecological sustainability will be largely determined by governments if they are willing to use alternative sources of energy. The author in conjunction with a team of other researchers used a modelling study to illustrate the fact approximately 2 percent of global energy is currently being deployed in the generation of wind and solar power. A number of secondary research studies have also been used to support research findings of the model. Transnational political power is probably a major stumbling block in the realisation of emiss
The Black Forest ( Schwarzwald ) is a forested mountain ridge in Baden-Württemberg (southwestern Germany). It is limited by the Rhine valley to the west and south. Figure 1. The Black Forest (Schwarzwald). Consequently its area is approximately 12000 sq km. The forest is almost rectangular. Its length is almost 200 km, and width is approximately 60 km. Figure 2. The location of the Black Forest. The red area on the map indicates the location of the Black Forest. Rivers, which take their source in the Black Forest, include Danube, Enz, Kinzig, Murg, Neckar, and Rench. The Black Forest is part of the continental divide between the Atlantic Ocean basin (depleted by the Rhine) and the Black Sea basin (depleted by the Danube). As for the mountains, the highest one is the Feldberg reaching the height of 1,493 meters. Figure 3. Feldberg. As for the environment, it can be said, that it is unique as the region itself. The most common animal here is the cow, as local population is mainly engaged in breeding. These are “Black Forest Foxes” which are essentially a variety of horse, engaged in the intense field work. And also Eagles and owls can be seen at close distance as they soar low. The dialects which are spoken in that area are Alemannic and Swabian. It should be said, that the tourists are usually attracted to this region not only by beautiful forest, mountains and rivers, but also by the traditions, high service level in the numerous hotels, and of course the local cuisine, which is famous throughout the whole world, and includes the best cooking traditions of most of European countries Figure 4. High service level. Figure 5. High service level. These are the Paupiettes of Trout, and the Cookies of the Black Forest. Another point of tourists’ interest is hiking, or as it is usually called “Hiking without the luggage”, which is comfortable, and easily performed. In conclusion it would be necessary to tell a few words about the traditions and folk (including the legends). The most well known tradition of the locals, is to keep the kukuck clock in every house, and the tourist tradition is to buy one, during traveling in the black forest. The Bollenhut, the attribute of the costume, which is the most popular among the tourists, is traditional hat with its pompoms. However, traditionally it is worn in three communities: Gutach, Wolfach-Kirnbach and Hornberg-Reichenbach . Figure 6. “Castle Falkenstein near Freiburg Thebroken little Ring”. The legends of the Black forest can be found in the Legends of Rhine, and the most colorful of them, is the legend which is called “Castle Falkenstein near Freiburg Thebroken little Ring”, which everybody knows from one’s childhood
Introduction The following work is devoted to investigation of the value chain of KFC company by analyzing its main peculiarities of functioning. The issue of value chain now obtains especial importance as companies try to win the rivalry and attract attention of a great number of customers. The term was introduced by Michael Porter and started its development. Nowadays, under the term value chain a set of activities which a company performs in order to introduce a certain good to a market or a customer is meant (Manktelow, n.d). Usually, using the term value chain a person wants to describe the process of advertising, manufacturing and peculiarities of delivery and image of a product. That is why, it is very important to analyze the companys value chain in order to obtain complete information about it. Main activities the KFC company and their analysis. First of all, it is possible to say that to work efficiently a company needs well aligned system which will be able to supply it with good products. That is why, KFC company tries to find the best suppliers of chicken meat. However, taking into account the price of delivery, the company works with local suppliers in order to reduce the above mentioned price. Such politics of a company helps to achieve several purposes, except the lowering of delivery price. First of all, local manufacturers of chicken meat will be interested in the opening of new departments of the company as they will be able to work with it. Additionally, cooperation with local manufacturers can be taken as the guaranty of a good quality of products as they will not spoil in the course of delivery. Some information about outbound logistics should also be given. KFC finished product are kept at its local departments. Great number of different kinds of food are kept in a freezer. Workers of a company just have to take them and prepare, using equipment which is placed in the kitchen However, the recipes should be obtained from headquarters in return of royalty payments. Additionally, staff trainings are also provided by headquarters and the price for products is established by them. In this way a company guaranties tight connection with its branches. Stuff training in KFC One of the main activities of the company is connected with education of its workers. The company has very diplomatic policy connected with stuff and proclaims that everyone can find a job there. That is why, a newcomer should be trained for him/her to be able to perform the main duties. The main skills, which a person should be taught, are determined by the officials of a company and the whole training program should be coordinated with them. Additionally, these programs are free. That is why, there are always many people who want to work there and the company d
The service firms should focus their efforts because low morale and absenteeism are serious problems that cut across the industry. On a distinctive day, between 2 and 4% of employees at service firms fail to show up for work, which does not sound like a high rate of absence, but more time is lost for a reason of low morale and absenteeism than through strikes and lockouts. The yearly costs of low morale and absenteeism in the United States are estimated to be $29 billion. A change of 4.99% in the national absence rate changes the gross national product by $10 billion. (London, 2003) A great number of studies are done to identify the determinants of low morale and absenteeism. Many variables are found to be considerably related to indices of absence; the results appear to be unstable across situations and time. The basic option is an incentive program for employees in services firms. Every incentive program is based on a formula for enhancing motivation that engages four fundamental variables: effort, performance, outcomes, and satisfaction. The logic behind these programs goes something like this: employees at service firms will put in the accurate quantity of effort to meet performance hopes if these part-time employees at service firms obtain the types of outcomes that include pay raises and promotions, which will provide part-time employees satisfaction.   * Effort => Performance => Outcomes=> Satisfaction Conversely, the problem with most incentive programs is that they center exclusively on the submission of outcomes and overlook the three beliefs that are the key to making the motivation solution work:   * Can one do it?   * Will outcomes be tied to one’s performance?   * Will outcomes be satisfying to one? The first conviction compacts with the relationship between employee effort and performance. The second compacts with the rela
Question: Explain the concept of duration and then comment on the statement, “it is possible that a bond with a shorter maturity than another bond may actually have a longer duration and be more price sensitive to interest rate changes. Explain why a bond with a shorter maturity than another bond could have a longer duration; use examples When investing in bonds, the measure of risk that is commonly used is the bond duration. In this case, a single number is used in depicting call features, final maturity, coupon and the expected yield of a bond. Hence, the concept of bond duration attempts to point out the degree of price sensitivity over a given period. This implies that when there is a change in interest rate with the passage of time, it directly affects the yield margin or profitability of a portfolio or bond (DeCosta, Leng & Noronha, 2013). As a result, portfolio managers have to be very keen when floating their bonds into the market. Duration can be computed using a number of methods. Nonetheless, it is vital to note that the most common term used is effective duration. It refers to bond duration over a given time. This duration may be short, medium or long term. When the price of a security changes and then it is calculated as a percentage, it is referred to as effective duration. As already hinted out, this change also affects the yield or return of a bond. For instance, the value of a bond or portfolio that has an effective duration of 3 years is anticipated to either increase or decline in market price with a margin of 3 percentage points. On the same note, a bond with an effective duration of ten years may either improve or weaken in value by a margin of ten percent. The latter scenario is possible because bond yield is supposed to get better after a given period. In any case, maximum returns are only possible for long-term bonds. Various situations also demand different methodologies for estimating the duration of a bond. This implies that different interest-rate scenarios influence changes in bond portfolios. Some of the common measurement of duration include total curve duration, spread duration, curve duration, bull duration and the bear duration. On the other hand, the time taken by a bond portfolio to remain relevant is usually referred to as maturity. After the cessation of a financial instrument, the maturity level ends. The principal sum should then be repaid together with interest earned
This informative, analytical, descriptive, and expository paper of management about lean production is presenting some facts about how lean production techniques can be applied in the service sector, the origination of lean production, and its slight description. In addition, it’s shedding light on the appliance of lean production in the service sector by representing every case in point as well describing lean production procession loom to the service sector. Lean built-up also known as lean production, is over and over again identified only as lean. It is a manufacturing application that reflects on the disbursement of property for any objective other than the establishment of worth for the end client to be extravagant moreover as a consequence an objective for removal. Functioning from the point of view of the client who consumes a creation or overhaul “value” is distinct from any achievement or procedure that a client would be ready to disburse for. Essentially, lean is centered on generating further value with a smaller amount of work. It should be noted that lean production is a general process management values resultant more often than not from the Toyota Production System for this reason the term Toyotas is also widespread in addition to that it is also known as “Lean” simply in the 1990s. somehow, It is prominent for its center on lessening of the innovative Toyota seven wastes with the intention of improving overall client assessment however there are changeable perspectives on how this is most excellen
Introduction It can be stated that the main factor in the formation of organizational structures is the desire to control the production and the manufacturing process, the division of labour, and the occurrence of management functions. Collaborative work, the cooperation of labour force created a new type of relations, which were established as relations between the participants of production process, i.e. supervisors and subordinates. Such relations can be seen as constantly evolving, forming new configurations in terms of structure. Organizational structure can be defined as those fixed relations that exist between the departments and the employees of the organization. It can be understood as an established scheme of interaction and coordination of technological and human elements within the organization. With different distinctions between various organizational structures, this paper analyzes the organizational structure, based on the case study of W.L. Gore & Associates, in terms of its distinguished organizational structure, their advantages and disadvantages, and the relationship with external companies. Gore’s Organizational Structure Overview of the Company W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. is privately held manufacturing company founded in 1958, and headquartered in Newark, Delaware. The company’s main specialization is fluoropolymer products, although the company is also known for cable assemblies and components and outerwear products. The company currently employs more than 9000 employees, who are called associates, in 30 countries worldwide, and for twelve consecutive the company is ranked among Fortune’s annual list of the U.S. “100 Best Companies to Work For” (2009). As of 2008, the company has earned $2.5 billion in annual sales, and is considered as one of the 200 largest privately held U.S. companies (2009). The Structure A serious move, defining the organizational structure of the company, was made through eliminating the hierarchy in the company. The latter implied the elimination of status titles, bureaucracy, and new forms of collaborative work. In that regard, classifying such structure, it can be stated that the new form of employees’ relations resembles an organic organizational structure. “An organic structure resembles a network – interactions and communications are more lateral, knowledge resides wherever it is most useful to the organization, and membership requires a commitment to the tasks of the organization” (Griffin & Moorhead, 2009, p. 448). In that regard, it can be stated that choosing an organic structure is a reflection of the strategy direction that the company is taking. With the main products of the company being dependent o
Introduction Individuals are often faced with certain difficult situations that require a quick and necessary step to be taken. In as much as there may be a need to act promptly, care has to be taken before arriving at the appropriate steps to manage the situation. There have to be justifications to the course of action that is to be taken to solve a given problem. This would involve an examination of the possible steps that could be taken and their respective advantages and disadvantages. An examination of the success of such a course of action in the past is also essential. As such, reasoning, judgment, and subsequent decision-making play important functions in a problem-solving environment. Reasoning The use of principles of reason is of importance in solving difficult situations. Reasoning involves providing logical arguments to make some conclusion. It is “any systematic mental process that constructs or evaluates implications from premises of some sort” (Bucciarelli, Khemlani, & Johnson-Laird, 2008, p.123). The reasoning is concerned with developing evidence that supports a given statement before asserting that the statement is true and justifiable. It involves presenting a set of preliminary statements (referred to as premises) and the subsequent concluding statement. The premises need to be obvious, self-explanatory or those that are derived from universally accepted principles. An individual will be convinced to accept the validity of the given premise if he or she has the cognitive ability to comprehend the statement without undue influence of the holder. Two types of reasoning are often encountered, namely, deductive and inductive reasoning (Bucciarelli, Khemlani, & Johnson-Laird, 2008, p.123). Deductive reasoning often involves considerations of general cases than making conclusions on a specific based on the general observations. On the other hand, inductive reasoning involves consideration of a few cases then generalizing this observation on all other cases that have been observed. The latter approach is not appropriate in serious problem-solving situations as there are high chances of making false generalizations. Judgment The other cognitive process that is attached to reasoning is judgment. Experience comes from an analysis of the whole set of instinct or perception of an individual concerning a particular subject. As such, an individual can make a judgment that an action is good or bad depending on the intuition he or she develops from the action. Similarly, judgment can be made from the experience that an individual has had of the given subject or object. Having encountered different deaths, an individual can make a judgment that man dies. The previous ugly consequences of a given action are good
Cyrus the great was one of the most influential emperors of the Persian Empire. Persia was formed under Cyrus the Great when he took over the Medes kingdom. Cyrus embarked on a conquering mission and he conquered such kingdoms as the Phoenicians, the Barbarians. He formed Persia under the Arcahemenid Dynasty and under his rule the Persian territory generated a lot of wealth and expanded to touch such regions as Egypt and South West Asia. He formed the biggest empire the world has ever seen in its history. Dairus was known to be one of the greatest financiers of the ancient times and this can be rooted to the fact he came up with coinage through the golden Daric. He also developed trade within the empire which resulted with the empire conducting trade with other kingdoms and empires. During Dairus’ reign the population increased and also trade and commerce flourished in the empire. History tells how Dairus used diplomacy, commerce and trade to further the strength of Persia. He is also recognized as a great leader in Egypt and this is because he granted tax freedom to the Egyptian subjects. He also did the same to the Greek Oracles in Europe and Asia Minor and this helped him because the subjects supported him during the Persian Wars and this helped him in admonishing the Greeks against resisting. It was also during his reign that weights and measures were standardized although they were also influenced by their counterparts from Egypt and Babylon. This furthered the easing of trade for the traders and merchants. The communication was also upgraded during his reign and this played a very important part in ensuring that the Achaemenid Dynasty turned into an ancient business hub which generated a lot of wealth. The Spirit of Inquiry in Ancient Greece The Spirit of Inquiry was the quest by the ancient people to look for knowledge which was practical. The Greeks were very influential at this time because they started to look into how the Universe works through the establishment of a calendar which was reliable and also their investigations of curing various ailments without relying on traditional methods. It was important because at that time the population was growing and there was need for the people to be catered for in terms of health and food. During this time there was also the establishment of different social status which included the lords, nobles, middle class and the peasants. This setting was very discriminative and the peasants were the source of labor. It is important to note that during this time the Greek philosophy was also established and the most important people to note in this perspective was Socrates who insisted on the benefits of the people being generally good. Other important people to note were Aristotle and Plato who were very influential on the Greek philosophy. The importance of this period is felt even in the modern times because the people took the stand of not relying on the traditional means of doing things but the modern ways of doing things. It is also important to note that the modern western philosophy is based on the philosophy of these times.