ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cancer is a medical condition characterized by abnormal and uncontrollable cell growth. The cells rapidly reproduce into masses of cell tissues called tumors, which grow and interfere with the normal operation of various body systems. Tumors also release hormones that inhibit the normal physiological functioning of the cells. There are over 100 different types of cancer classified based on the affected body tissues. Cancer is rated the second leading cause of death after heart complications in the United States of America. However, different types of cancer can be prevented through healthy lifestyles and vaccination. The state of New York has made slight adjustments to the previous national cancer goals. The national goals aim at encouraging and developing research in new forms of treatment for cancer as well as rapid cancer detection techniques ( Maternal, Infant, and Child Health , n. d.). On the other hand, the cancer goals for New York target to reduce the new forms of the disease as well as the various disabilities and body deformations resulting from cancer. The goals also aim at cutting down the overall cancer mortality rates. Significant progress has been made so far by the state of New York towards fighting cancer. The United States preventive services have initiated free cancer screening and diagnosis in partnership with New York State Community Health Service Program (NYSCHSP). Extensive lobbying is carried out to encourage both men and women to go for a free screening. Cancer treatment is expensive. In this regard, the state of New York using the New York State Cancer Treatment Program (NYSCTP) caters for screening, diagnosis, and treatment for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer in both men and women who do not have medical insurance cover. The development of the Human Papilloma Vaccine (HPV) has been considered a major boost in the fight against cancer both nationally and by the state of New York ( Maternal, Infant, and Child Health , n. d.). The vaccine has largely helped reduce the instances of cancer cases as well as the development of new forms of cancer. The state of New York faces various challenges in attaining its goals of fighting cancer. Despite the extensive cancer awareness programs, people still perceive cancer as a “death warrant”. Due to this psychological perception, most people are still not free to go for screening and diagnosis. This makes it hard to identify the cancer cases for treatment. The economic constraint is also a major challenge towards the achievement of the state’s goals against cancer. Cancer diagnosis and treatment carried out are expensive. Most citizens do not have medical cover, hence they cannot afford the same treatment unless supported by the state. Right from screening, research, vaccination through to treatment, a lot of money is spent on the same. The coordination of staff and mobilization of community health service against cancer requires the spending of huge amounts of money. This weighs down heavily on the state’s ec
When pondering over how to make the world better, one may find it too grandiose of a task. Too many issues may exist in one country, let alone worldwide, and it is difficult to assign them a priority. For instance, famine might be a more pressing issue for an African country, while injustice, social and economic, affects the Western countries, although the latter might be universal. I believe that injustice could be the reason for other problems, such as global warming, as it is big corporations that have the power to make progress or refuse to take action. Moreover, those who suffer the most through their inaction are ordinary people. While I would not want to play God, I think that being a lawyer can contribute to resolving the issue on the local and the global levels. One may wonder why it is a lawyer instead of a politician who has actual resources to promote change. It may be true, and individual politicians, such as mayors, are capable of improving their areas of responsibility (Dovere para. 5). However, being a part of the legislative branch may feel restrictive because of the so-called establishment and the sheer number of people involved, making a single voice less prominent. Meanwhile, a lawyer’s actions have a direct impact on people’s lives, allowing them to find justice. Lawyers may defend the interests of a person or a community, and they can be as powerful as their clients. For instance, saving a movement’s leader from false accusations may make it even stronger than before. Moreover, lawyers can unite in groups and act on the international level, for instance, Amnesty International, fighting injustice for the sake of humanity. I believe that changing the world is not such a far-fetched concept as it seems. It does require much effort and cooperation, but it is feasible, as exemplified by the lawyer’s profession. Certainly, one should start with improving the world around them, helping relatives, friends, and neighbors. Eventually, the desire to make a difference will cover strangers and the whole planet. Unfortunately, injustice will not disappear by itself; it requires attention, planning, and actions. Works Cited Dovere, Edward-Isaac. “The Mayor Who Would Be President.” Politico Magazine , 2017. Web.
Introduction Henry James in 1884 stated that, the supreme virtue of fiction is to produce an “air of reality” or an “illusion of life” James like many other writers valued and embraced an aesthetic of realism (Wharton 3). This form of art valued accurate representation of the psychological and material realities of life. Realism came about as a reaction against Romanticism. Realism presents things as they happen in real life; they often deal with social problems (Seino 4). In contrast to romanticism, where plays are based on emotions and feelings, realism allows the mind to rule over emotions. The first major realistic play Wright was Henric Ibsen; Ibsen earned the title “the father of realism.” His plays were often controversial as he wrote on subjects that had not been touched before and considered scandalous, for example, in his play Ghosts, he wrote about the indecent topic(at that time)on syphilis this earned him a lot of criticism leading him to respond by writing the play An enemy of the People( Twain para 2). Some of these realism writers were interested in exploring problems of inequality within the society they were referred to as “social realists.” This paper discusses the different styles of a realism play or drama. Discussion One main characteristic of a realistic play is that they do not have happy endings. In Realistic dramas, the characters employ the use of approximate everyday speech. This style is issued by most modern plays, television shows and movies (Twain para 5). The realistic play Wrights are not afraid of being a little unrealistic. In the play, An Enemy of the People , Ibsen uses a realistic framework to articulate his ideas on the stage. His character hyper-articulate their ideas to a slightly unrealistic tone, they talk for a very long time about “high minded” ideas in a generally conversational way. Ibsen’s play An Enemy of the People exemplifies the definition of realism by portraying the irrational tendencies carried by the masses. This play portrays Dr. Stockman, who is the protagonist, as a brave man who tries to do the right thing amid extreme social intolerance (Ibsen). This play shows the realistic nature of the society we live in; it does not only paint the good pictures in our midst but also shows the negative that the society carries. On its part, A Taste of Honey is set in the 1950s British society. It tells a story of a 17-year old working class girl. Helen, her mother, is presented as a semi prostitute, who leaves her daughter to go and stay with her younger rich boyfriend Peter. Critics have argued that the play is roughly set on her experience. Many similarities exist between the play An Enemy of the People and Delaney’s play The Taste of Honey . First of all, both plays portray the challenges faced by the society in tackling day to day situations affecting them. Furthermore, the endings in both plays are tragic as expected of most realism plays. In A Taste of Honey , the play ends by Helen being thrown out by Peter and moves back to stay with Jo her daughter, While
Introduction In the United States, homeschooling is common. Studies have showed that 77% of students use ‘a homeschooling publisher, individual specialist or catalog’. This is used for sources of curricula and books. This is about the same percentage of students who use the public library, which is 78%. This statistic clearly indicates that homeschooling has been adopted and accepted as a valid education system in itself (Dan & Evan, 2008). Therefore, it is true to say that charity begins at home. In the past, the use of professional teachers as tutors for students only belonged to the elite. These were the people who could afford the expensive venture. Therefore, most of the people received education from the family members. This is especially during the early childhood. This paper seeks to critically assess homeschooling as an option for formal education. Public schools Compulsory education only began towards the end of 17 th century. It went on towards the early 18 th century. The first such declaration occurred in Prussia. However, most of the Europeans continued homeschooling for lack of formal education. It is unfortunate that some of them lacked any form of education at all. America and the United States also faced the same challenges. This went on up to the 1850s. In the 19 th century, schooling in a classroom situation became very common around the globe. It was seen as the most appropriate way to receive formal education. Currently, many people prefer taking their children to public schools rather than homeschooling their children. This is because tutoring children is a full-time job. The parents undergo a lot of stress managing their children. Those mothers who take their children to public schools are better off since they have time to attend to their own businesses. Opinion Personally, I support public schooling. This is because of some of the disadvantages that come with homeschooling. One of the disadvantages is that, with children always at home, there place will always be messy and full of activity. It is factual that homeschooling is very demanding. Experts advise that one should not take up homeschooling if he or she is not ready to do away with the comforts that come with life. This is because it would present daily challenges. Experts also argue that measuring success at home is hard because there is hardly any comparison being made. For example, at some point, one would be required to dedicate most of their time on the activity and sometimes, one would require teaching multiple grades at a go. Conclusion The future of homeschooling is uncertain. This is because of the challenges that come with it. However, homeschooling may have several advantages including having a one-on-one tutoring session and having the opportunity to create character. This can only be achieved if it is carefully planned out and if the parents are dedicated to the cause. Therefore, in order to make homeschooling successful, parents need to get away from their comfort zones and get at work! Otherwise, homeschooling would be a thing of the past as people embrace public schooling. Reference Dan, L.
A monopoly is a market condition where only one firm can operate and produce profitably due to structural reasons (Mosca 2008). The textbook diagram of a monopoly firm is given in figure 1. Figure 1 shows how a monopolist assumes monopoly power and charges extra price. The source of monopoly power is by curbing production to price its products higher, creating barriers for competitors to enter the market, and by capitalizing on key resources in the industry. Figure 1: Monopoly A firm can curb production and price its product at higher than competitive price. This allows the monopolist to gain “rent” and impose a deadweight loss, characterized as “inefficiency” over the market (Mckenzie 2010). In this way, the firm may raise the price of its product at a price that is above its marginal cost of production. Further, it can create barriers for entry for new entrants or competitors and gain power over overpricing its product. The barriers created by the organization are different means employed to gain market dominance. For instance, Microsoft created a dominance in operating systems market, by bundling Internet Explorer browser and windows media player (Mckenzie 2010). Another example for gaining market dominance is that done by AT&T, by contracting with Apple for iPhone. This allowed iPhone to operate only in AT&T network. Further, Apple rejected the proposition of Google for allowing Google Voice, an application for Internet Phone, to operate in iPhone. This gave AT&T monopoly power to provide service to millions of iPhone users (Mckenzie 2010). A monopoly extends its profit by taking the consumer surplus in order to increase its profit. Another source of monopoly power is to gain control over the resources. For instance, an organization may have exclusive rights over a particular ingredient required to make a drug. According to Mckenzie (2010), all monopoly-related theories are based on a situation when the monopolist has been created. He states that a firm may have gained monopoly power by innovating a better product or selling it at a price lower than its competitors. The use of patents, trademarks, or copyrights may also become a source of monopoly power to organizations. For instance, Apple has a patent over the designs of the iPod and iPhone which gives the company monopoly power. Marketing tools like exceptional promotional campaigns, as was done by DeBeers, create monopoly power (Sundie, Gelb & Bush 2008). The patent is discussed in this section is titled “Three Dimensional Construction using Unstructured Pattern” (Intellectual Property Office 2010). Google, under the patent number US7660458B1, reserves the right to use it. The object is a system that can be used in processing images of documents. The object uses an unstructured infrared pattern on a target object and it captures stereoscopic images of the patterns that are projected on the desired object. This object operates like an infrared cam
Introduction Modern world is the phenomenon that possesses almost no borders between countries and distinctions between nations, races and ethnic groups. This state of things is the result of the worldwide process of political, economical, social and intellectual integration called globalization. This process is the dominant feature of any other process taking place in the world whether it is the monetary reform in Argentina or educational reforms in the United States or Canada (Rhoads, 2003). The comprehensive character of globalization makes it impossible for any important aspect of human life to be out of its area of influence. Education is not an exception while this sphere of social life is the basis for the societal development of the world (Weber, L. & Duderstadt, J., 2008). Due to these facts, the topic of this paper is the interrelation of globalization and higher education reflected in the internationalization of the latter. Background Information Globalization and Internationalization To begin with, it is necessary to define the terms with which the present paper is going to operate. Thus, globalization can be defined in numerous ways but its generalized and comprehensive definition can be the process of elimination of political and economical borders for the sake of the joint development of the nations of the world (Wood, 2005). Internationalization, as a result, can be viewed as attempts of various political, economical, and what is of primary importance for this paper, educational institutions to conform to the demands of the globalized world (Rhoads, 2003). The latter, however, has started its development not so long ago. The first sign of the globalization was the collapse of the Soviet Union that presented numerous nations the opportunity to establish contacts with other states and integrate into the world community (Wood, 2005). At the same time, namely the early 1990s, educational internationalization took its start as far as more and more students from abroad could afford studying in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, etc. Trying to adjust to the new conditions of work, the educational establishments of these countries started developing their international study programs (Wood, 2005). Higher Education in US and Canada Thus, the education in the USA and Canada has always been considered as high quality but rather expensive and affordable to the richest people from abroad (Olivas, M. & Li, C. S., 2005). However, the demands of the epoch transformed the situation making the international students into almost an equal group to the natives in many universities in these countries – 45% of all the newly enrolled students each year. Drawing from this, the internationalization of higher education should be viewed as the obligatory factor of success of any modern educational est
In the short story Everyday Use , Alice Walker talks about the conflict that exists between Mama and Dee. This observation is shared by many. All the literary critic and commentator will agree that there is conflict between the mother and her eldest daughter. All of them will also agree that Mama chose to stand beside Maggie and supported her while she turned her back on Dee. However, there is no universal agreement when it comes to who is right and who is wrong. There are those who said that Mama recognized the superficiality of Dee while she favored the moral strength of Maggie. On the other side of the fence there are those who said that Dee had the correct worldview and that she was justified her attempt to transform Mama’s old way of thinking. The reader must not take sides and instead find a way to reconcile the opposing worldviews of Mama and Dee. Nancy Tuten echoes the sentiment of most readers and most commentators who said that Dee was a bad example of how a girl should behave. This is evident in the introduction to an article that she had written on this subject and she wrote “Commentaries on Alice Walker’s “Everyday Use” typically center on Mama’s awakening to one daughter’s superficiality and to the other’s deep-seated understanding of heritage (Tuten, 1993, p.125). There are many examples in Alice Walker’s story that supports this view. In the very beginning of the story one can already see the reason why Tuten disapproved of Dee’s actions and supported the desire of Mama and Maggie to continue with their way of life. There was a romantic air to Mama’s description of her home. She said it with affection and pride: A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house (Walker, 1973, p. 284). The simple life is favored over the sophisticated life of the urban dwellers. Based on the world view of Tuten someone has to preserve the best of yesteryears, when the world was all about the beauty of family and enjoying the slow-paced lifestyle. A world populated by people who are not pressured to buy the latest gadgets and be updated with the latest trend. Tuten’s commentary is a
For every 100,000 births, there are 160 maternal deaths in the Dominican Republic. The deaths are fueled in part by clandestine abortions. Abortion policies in Dominican Republic are very tough for women. The law prohibits abortions when the life of mother or child is in danger, and even in case of rape. Many women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia are dying in hospital emergency room because the hospital cannot perform safe abortions. The recent constitutional amendment brought by article 30 has even make the situation worse. More women will continue to dies because they are barred from accessing critical reproductive health services. There is need to focus the effort in pressuring the lawmakers to respect the rights of women. This will make it possible for women to have access to safe abortions especially when their life is at risk. This will reduce the rate of maternal death. Nature and Magnitude of the Problem Unlike other Latin countries, Abortion is illegal under all circumstances in the Dominican Republic. The Dominican law prohibits women from abortion even the life of woman and the child is in danger. With such stiff policies in place, thousands of women induce abortions themselves or visit underground hospitals to perform abortion. Many young women are putting their health and live by choosing clandestine abortions. Because abortion is considered illegal, it is hard to calculate correct statistics on abortions. Dominican Republic Officials assumes that abortions don’t take place. But staffs in many public hospitals, which have to deal with cases of post abortion complications gives different information. There are an estimated 90,000 abortions perfumed every year in the Dominican Republic. This makes abortions a major cause of maternal death. Most women induce abortion by taking pills that stimulate uterine contractions. This method leads to expulsion of the fetus. In some cases, women take an overdose of these pills leading to severe hemorrhaging. Most women experiencing severe hemorrhages prefer visiting ill equipped clinics, which makes the matter even worse. Due to lack of proper equipment, the cleaning of women uterus is performed poorly. This leads to uterus infections and/or perforation which lead to complications in future reproductive. This conditions leads to death in some case. Who is affected? Maternal mortality mostly affects Dominican Republic women and girls because the law prohibits them from abortions. This makes access to efficient reproductive health impossible. The law strictly limits the availability and access of safe abortions even when a woman has complications that threaten her life. Women suffering from HIV/AIDS, malaria and cancer are not exempt from this law. This group of women need of special treatment that is not compatible with pregnanc
In the films “Elite Squad 1” and “Elite Squad 2”, Nascimento has reservations towards the rich in the Brazilian society because of their greed and corruption. The rich class is presented as consisting of selfish drug lords who ride in armored cars and are more than willing to kill anybody who get along their way. The seniors in the law enforcement agencies have to protect the interest of this class because they are bribed periodically to protect the drug trafficking industry. For instance, Major Olievera goes out of his way to protect the drug lords against his duty of stopping them (Padilha, scene 4). I agree with Nascimento on his criticism of the rich within the Rio de Janeiro (Padilha, scene 6). The media is presented as adopting a partisan approach in reporting the activities. The media sugarcoats the drug lords and extorts their reporting of the events in the Rio’s crime and corruption as seen in the film “Elite Squad 2” instead of exposing the truth. This differs with the media reporting of the events in Presunto Culpable where the truth is reported in black and white of the shooting incident (Padilha, scene 8). The Scope of corruption on the two films The main causes of corruption in these movies are the enticements that compel the law enforcement agencies to cover the tracks of those involved in illegal business of selling drugs. In addition, the weak government control systems may also be blamed for the state of corruption in these movies. In order to stop these corruptions, the governments of these societies should introduce better trained and properly remunerated law enforcement agencies. The governments may also introduce bills that promote longer penalties for those convicted of corruption. Finally, staff rotation and transfers should be encouraged. Works Cited Padilha, Jose, dir. Elite Squad: The Enemy Within . Globo Films, 2010. Film.