ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The American Civil War is considered to be one of the central events in the history of the United States. While it resulted from significant divergences between the northern and southern states, it resulted in the formation of a unified nation with equal rights and liberties. It is generally recognized that slavery was the major reason for the warfare within the American nation that divided it into two uncompromising camps. Historically, industrial and slave states had some differences that influenced their development. By 1860, two different societies had formed in America that varied in culture, social structure and values, political preferences, and economic characteristics. According to the majority of scholars, slavery initially existed in all the territories of colonial America. But it dominated in the southern states because of the hot climate, which made it difficult to attract a labor force. White migrants preferred to settle in the northern lands, where they cultivated wheat on smaller farms. Thus “the supply of free white labor in the South was largely inelastic, except at very high wage levels” (Nikolova 4). On the other hand, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, black slaves became a cheap labor force in the colonies, and the southern states used them to substitute for white servants. This led to the formation of slave states in American territory. Thus while a large fraction of the population of the northern states enjoyed suffrage, securing the development of democracy, the electorate in the South was relatively small because of the predominant numbers o
Introduction Quality health care is a human right; to attain this noble need, medical service providers should have highly trained experienced and robust team. Human resource department in either service or good industry has the mandate of ensuring there are adequate, well trained employees in their organization. In a health facility, quality, experience and qualification of medical staff is crucial for the delivery of quality health care. Medical staffs include, nurse, doctors, physicians and support service staffs (Gatewood, Feild and Barrick 7). This paper discusses the process followed by human resource department in a medical facility business to develop an orchestrate team. Determination of deficit in an the facility The initial point in recruitment process recognition of employees’ deficit; the deficit should be documented and human resources department advised accordingly by related departments on qualification, experience and number of personals required. Sometimes additional facilities may be required to accommodate the additional staffs, or experts in certain fields are required; this stage is the planning stage, it should ensure that before the beginning of the process, there are enough facilities and policies implemented and developed to gather maximum utility of new staffs. Sometimes finances may not be adequate to fill all posts as requested by various departments; this call for prioritizing and restructuring in a way that the deficit created will be lived with effectively. Advertisement Having made appropriate measure and after ensuring that all is set to go, the next step is advertising for the posts; advertising takes two angles, internal and external advertising. As a motivational measure, posts that can be filled internally should be advertised internally; this should not be a loophole for staff members to bring their friends and relatives for posts but should be taken as a motivational approach. When advertising for the posts, experiences, qualification, age, salary scale, and any other relevant details should be disclosed. Applications for the post should be given a deadline and measures taken to ensure there is equality and objectivity in receiving the application. Medical staffs’ especially technical staffs need to have proper qualification and their potential need to be well tapped. Adverts should have well explained minimum requirement to be adhered in the process (Bruce and Fottler 25). Short listing and interviewing After applications have been scrutinized, short listed candidates are contacted for interviewing; it is ethical to accordingly advice those applicants who were not successful. Different organizations have different methods of interviewing; the method used is guided by organizational culture/human resource practices and requirement of the particular medical facility. The interview process adopted should be elaborative enough that potential and qualification of an applicant can be gauged and compared with the post on offer. Objectivity, int
Berlin Underworld Bunkers and Tunnels: The Concealed Nazi Labyrinth. Although WWII is traditionally viewed as the wave of destruction that swept the entire world, it also had some constructive elements to it, the propensity for bunkers and tunnels building popularity being the key one. The underground infrastructure soon turned from uncoordinated trails to an underground city, the infamous Führerbunker being the key one. Connecting the residents of the city to the airport located in Tempelhof, it was supposed to provide safety to the residents of Berlin in case of need to escape from the city (Baker 713). Group Members Presentation The issue will be presented in the following order: Presenter 1: Bunkers and Tunnels of Berlin Despite comprised mostly of modern architecture, the Berlin infrastructure also conceals some of the 1940s constructions built for a rather specific and original purpose. Numerous bunkers and tunnels stretch across the city, Führerbunker being the most famous one, for the lack of a better word. The number of underground bunkers is not yet known as they are mostly in private ownership nowadays. It is believed, though, that the underground infrastructure includes at least 100 of them in private possession, most being concealed under ordinary buildings. The constructions include everything that one may need in order to survive; i.e., bedrooms, lavatories, and other premises required to sustain the lives of hundreds of people are a part of the bunkers. There is an underground station, Gesundbrunnen, Nocti Vagus, a restaurant-bunker, a hospital (Alexanderplatz), etc. Presenter 2: The Controversy Surrounding the Issue It should be noted that, as impressive and technologically advanced for the time that they were built in, these bunkers, nevertheless, trigger rather bitter memories about the WWII era. Although a significant amount of time has passed since the war was finally over, the burden of guilt is still very heavy for most residents of Germany, hence the understandable unwillingness to give credit to the architectural wonders of the bunkers. Particularly, the genocide perpetrated by the Nazi soldiers and leading to the deaths of millions of Jews needs to be brought up as the source of controversy. Indeed, while being visually interesting and technologically advanced, the tunnels located under Berlin served as the primary means for the Nazi leaders, specifically, Hitler, to escape from the city and stay alive. Presenter 3: Addressing the Ethical Dilemma Despite the problems identified above, the subject matter needs to be talked about for a number of reasons, belonging to the historical landmarks being the key one. It is important to focus on the progress that has been made so far and the lessons that people learned as a result of the WWII outcomes instead of blaming the present-day population for
Summary of Content The book begins with a clear disagreement with the misconceptions by today’s Christian, of the existence of demons and the influence of the spiritual world. Anderson states that Christians currently perceive demons to be of the past and dormant in this day and age. This, he further emphasizes by bringing to light psychologists and scientists view of every spiritual influence to be attributed to mental illness. He firmly detests the fore mentioned notion by quoting from the Bible to prove that the spiritual world is indeed still in existence. The second part of the book has an emphasis on the perception of the world as a two tier system. By this he means that the society currently views the world in two separate domains consisting of the spiritual world where God is confined while the natural world runs under scientific laws. In this part he stresses the point that any spiritual battle that Christians have to go through is all in the mind. To be won by denying one’s self. Anderson also discusses the absolute importance of Christ’s recognition as a Christian (Anderson, 2000). To conclude, the last part elucidates the relevance of acknowledging one’s position in Christ. He further sheds light on the fact that redemption from the laws of sin and death are only achieved once one is born again. Moreover, in the last part, Anderson, expressly states the steps to freedom. Each of the steps is clearly explained with advice on working on the issue. The notion that the battle is fought once is ruled out as Anderson states that the battle is never over as it requires maintenance. To conclude, there is a chapter on how to help others in finding freedom through Christ. Evaluation of strengths and Weaknesses It goes without saying that the book has both strengths and weaknesses. One of the major strengths of this book is that as much as Anderson may face some criticism from the Christian community with regards to some topics, the truth is that he supports his arguments with direct quotes form the scriptures. However, although he quotes from the scriptures, it is still debatable, with regards to the extent of influence by evil spirits on a true Christian. His approach to healing is from a very well thought out perspective. As a matter of fact, he explains how systems such as the family influence dysfunctional behavior and how this can in turn influence physical behavior. Moreover, the book is filled with a biblical understanding of most of the experiences that Christians go through in everyday life. There is an array of examples and personal experiences that are clearly outlined in the text to further relay the message. In short, it is quite practical as one can easily relate to the content in print. However, despite majority of the strengths of the book there is also a weakness in that Anderson focuses more on spiritual evil as the cause of sin. Although he does not clearly point this out, the text generally implies that demons have a greater role to play regarding the decisions we make hence have somewhat gre
Abstract Involving companies that produce and market products for smoking into preventive measures is a solution proposed by the Assembly of the State of New Jersey. The purpose of the current analysis is to explore the Act establishing a Fund to Prevent the Use of Tobacco and Electronic Smoking Devices. The Act was developed to support activities for limiting and preventing smoking within the population of the state and promote awareness linked to adverse health conditions. The critical proposal within the Act is to enable companies that produce electronic smoking devices and tobacco cigarettes to forward $.25 from every $1 they spend on marketing and advertising their products to the Fund on a quarterly basis. The advantages and disadvantages of the legislation were discussed in this case because of the complexity of the topic at hand as well as the potential effects of the solution on the sphere of public health. The key finding of the paper is that the Fund enables the efforts targeted at the prevention of smoking and raising awareness of its adverse health effects, this means that companies selling tobacco or electronic cigarettes get involved in preventing customers from buying their products. To conclude, the legislation is expected to empower public health practitioners to be more proactive in communicating the adverse effects of smoking and decrease its state-wide use. Introduction Smoking represents a public health issue that remains to be addressed as the burden of disease and mortality associated with it are extensive, ranging from nervous system damages to lung cancer. The sphere of public health has been working on implementing policy changes that reduce the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its health consequences. However, large corporations make a lot of money from producing and marketing tobacco and other smoking-related products to the population. Such companies are not interested in communicating the actual effects of smoking to the public, which is why legislative action is needed to regulate the way in which harmful substances are marketed to customers. Main body For this reason, it was chosen to focus on the Assembly of New Jersey Act “establishing a fund to support prevention and awareness activities concerning the use of tobacco and electronic smoking devices” (“ New Jersey Assembly Bill 375 ,” 2018, p. 1). The legislation intends to regulate the marketing of cigarettes to the general public by imposing the payment of $.25 from every $1 that companies spend on promoting their products. This paper will focus on exploring the legislation in greater detail, discussing its implications, and reviewing the benefits and limitations. Since more efforts to regulate the
The Cherokee removal from the Eastern part to the West lands near the Mississippi River is often considered a deplorable period in American history. Tracing the Jackson’s unjust police against the Indian Era and selfish and mercantile plans of the white Americans, moral and ethical principles were simply withdrawn for achieving the benefits of invaders and ignoring the rights of indigenous people. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Cherokee nation became a serious political and economical issue that could have generated a rigid opposition to the government. On the one hand, the disputes centered on the power of state and national governments, as well as the advent of Gold Rush period, would have produced much more serious losses to the Cherokees if they had stayed on their native lands. On the other hand, the Native Americans could have united their forces to raise movements against President Jackson’s exterminating policy. Taking into account, the inborn leadership skill of the Cherokees, as well as their awareness of their cultural and social responsibilities, the Cherokee should have reunited their powers to confront the Invaders and stand for their rights. The Cherokee nation had a well-structured and organized society with strong moral and ethical principles. Their affiliation to the clans enabled the population to keep their community in harmony. This structure significantly differed from those represented by the white Americans whose mentality and cultural traditions did not have deep historical and ideological roots. To support this idea, Purdue and Green write, “Leadership in a Cherokee community, in fact, rest with a person who inspire followers rather than someone born to office” (1). Hence, the arrival of Europeans introduced imbalance to the Cherokee community due to the diseases that the newcomers brought to the new land. Nevertheless, the native population was positively disposed to the Europeans believing that they would strike the balance between the native and non-native population. Their strong and deep philosophy and experience in protecting their communities and fighting for their clans can be a strong platform for resisting the Indian Act in 1830. Aside from personal qualities and extreme affiliation to their culture, the Cherokee nation had enough grounds and potential to resist the discriminative policy of the American government initiated in 1830. Specifically, the Europeans explained that the failure of the “educational” program that would “civilize” the Cherokee nation was closely associated with racial rather than with cultural issues. As a result, the removal policy toward the Eastern lands was viewed as the most reasonable and beneficial for the government. Ignorance of the rights of the indigenous people and “new pattern of racist thought reject the idea t
Kinds of indigenous animals in the Gulf The Gulf States have had very depressing consequences as far as the continued existence of the native species is concerned. For instance, in these states, the most common indigenous variety of animals in the gulf is the sea mammals. The most common indigenous marine mammal is the Dugongs that are always referred to as the sea cows due to their grazing abilities as well as their meek manner of similarities to the farm animals (Al-Maslamani, et al., 2007). Further, the animals share a number of similarities with humans ranging from life expectancy to the height of about 3 meter tall. In addition, there are very clearly comparable hereditary likeness betweens the sea cows and the land mammals. The genetic resemblances in the dugongs to the land mammals are more seeable as compared to other marine mammals such as whales and dolphins. However, despite the easy diet on grass, the marine animals also depend on other food types found along the gulf shoreline. The habitats of the indigenous marine animals have been adversely affected by the modern developments along the shoreline (Al-Aarajy, 2011). The Gulf States have continued with their urban expansions along the shoreline, which is the major habitat for the indigenous marine animals. For instance, the continued artificial island developments taking place along the gulf coast. As a result, the existence of the indigenous animals has been adversely affected by pollution arising from the oil spillages as well as uncontrolled hunting of the Dugongs (Al-Aarajy, 2011). As such, the current numbers of these native animals continue to decline with no clear knowledge on the present number and the reproductive tendency. Causes of the extinction of the indigenous animals The development of gas and oil industries along the coastlines of the gulf countries has had major contribution on the extinction of the indigenous species. For instance, oil refinery as well as other effluents has heavy metals and drilling mud that pose very great threats to the marine creatures (Al-Aarajy, 2011). In addition, these industries discharge very hot water into the sea thereby increasing the temperature of water and thus making life unbearable for the species in the sea. Further, the industries channel their effluent in the sea and this has a negative effect on the existence of the species. As a result, this leads to the destruction of coral reefs and hence making survival unbearable to the species (Al-Aarajy, 2011). The development of agriculture has also caused immense threats to the extinction of the indigenous species. For example, using fertilizers local eutrophication is guaranteed. In
Introduction Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is a prominent figure in Indian history. He was one of the leaders and ideologists of the Indian movement for independence. When actually India obtained it, the country was separated into two states: Pakistan for Muslims, and India for Indus. All his life Gandhi devoted himself to reconciling Hindus and Muslims. The impact of Gandhis views on Indian society can hardly be overestimated. Many of his ideas gave birth to different movements that deal with the problems of globalism, global warming, and environmental protection. His views are still actual at the present day. His sense of life Gandhi understood in seeking the truth. Gandhi thought, that it was God who pointed out the truth, but it did not mean for him that it was necessary to avoid temporal matters. He considered a human being to be an integral part of nature and society. According to Gandhi’s belief, the person can live a full life only if he does not cause evil to the surrounding world, living in harmony with nature in a free society. Gandhis Hind Swaraj His motherland was dependent on Great Britain, and for Gandhi, the struggle for the truth was inseparable from the struggle for independence. This struggle is now associated with Hind Swaraj , a tract written by Gandhi in 1908. This short work is written in a form of a dialogue. In this book, matters of truth and doctrine are given in questions and answers. (“Hind Swaraj” par.4) His vision of the struggle for independence In this work, special attention is given to such notions as non-violent resistance, opposing the soul force against brute force (Gandhi 15). Gandhi was convinced that India was able to maintain its independence in a peaceful manner avoiding violence. This book may be considered as a severe criticism of the British Empire and western society. Gandhi underlines the thought, that India had been submitted not only by Britain but also by modern western civilization. The gorgeousness of the modern world conquered and captivated India. Gandhi wrote that not England had taken India, but India had given to them (Gandhi 16). Criticizing British policy, Gandhi also pointed out, that the mere fact of the replacing of the existing laws with the new set of rules would not make them more effective without changing the system and its principles, and without replacing power. He said in his work, Indians wanted English rules without Englishman, while England wanted India to become Englistan (Gandhi 16)… Many of Gandhis contemporaries forecasted, that in a course of time his book would be mainly forgotten as a work of art, instead, it would be associated with Gandhi itself. Now the Swaraj obtained the meaning of the liberation struggle of the In
Introduction This term refers to the intentional destruction of the forests through the logging process and the burning of the other remains of trees after the logs are gotten (Mraqulis 15). It is related to a wide variety of reasons. Trees may be cut to be used in the preparation of charcoal or they may be intended to be sold for the fuel purposes or at other times cutting down of the trees may be due to create land for plantations and pasture growth as well as to accommodate population. Deforestation does damage largely the wild animals haunt and biodiversity is lost to aridity. In Mexico deforestation is one of the major challenges that the government struggles with day in day out due to the majority of negative effects that are associated with it. Deforestation in the country is due to the increases in the population of the realm in a rate that is alarming and as they seek regions to settle, they turn into forest reserves (Spilsbury 74). More so, the need to provide a meal for the family does facilitate deforestation as the citizens try to find out the extra piece of the scarce land to farm on. Fuel shortage also does encourage deforestation and coupled by the poverty levels that the citizens of the nation thrive in, the logging is doubled for sale of woods. Main body In Mexico, the forestry process has been one of the most destructive ventures simply because the community owns a bigger share of the forestland. It has at least 48.6-million forestland in hectares but all this is lost at an alarming rate of 370,000 hectares annually due to inconsistent policies that are related to developments as well as the farming edge expansion and the distribution of the agrarian. On top to this, the country has laws and policies that are encouraging the felling of trees. Such polices include the green insurgency and the programs on woodcutting as well as the law changes for agrarian benefit plus the governmental policies favoring the rising of cattle. The inadequate involvement by the communities affected by this deforestation in the decision making process on how the natural resources are supposed to be utilized and their exploitation do as well promote deforestation. Knowledge deficiency on the hi-tech and the edifying developments of the indigenous society and lack of employment as well as the ecological culture and responsiveness lack are some of the other reason behind deforestation in Mexico (Royston 98). Statistics show that 531 hectares of land were lost in 1998 through forest fires. The natural wherewithal damage is more on the Purepecha plateau due to the rampart degradation of the social and political state conditions related to policies, programs, and communal basic requirements. This study is desi