ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Societies change as a result of development which is closely associated with the sequential changes of generations. Each new generation is characterized by specific features which help distinguish it from the previous ones. Generations develop at the background of political, economic, social, and cultural changes, and these processes are interdependent because new generations propose new trends in the development. That is why it is possible to determine attributes which help define the certain age group in comparison with the previous generations. There are a lot of characteristic features which can be discussed as defining the modern young generation. Although the development of the present-day generation of young people should be discussed as the complex phenomenon, it is possible to focus on analyzing fashion, technology, and parenting skills as the most remarkable elements which are taken into account to define the progress of the whole generation. It is typical to recognize different epochs and historical periods based on people’s clothes. There are many details in costumes which are characteristic for the definite generation. In spite of the fact that today young people like to wear retro clothes to emphasize their individuality, they also prefer to wear skinny jeans and extravagant accessories. If the era of the 1980s-1990s was characterized by the volume of clothing and acid colors, modern fashion is more complex. The fashion industry can satisfy all the needs of young people because it follows two extremes of simplicity and extravagance. The range of variants and brands is impressive, and the previous generations had no such choice. Moreover, today clothes cannot work as the determinant of the person’s status. If clothing was different for representatives of different social classes several centuries ago, today this line in fashion is rather obscure, and it is based on prices and status of brands than on the person’s look. It is important for young people to follow fashion trends, but these trends are extremely various. Technology can define modern generation more directly. The present day is the era of electronic and digital devices. Technology innovations are important for modern people because these devices help people become more flexible and follow the speed of life. The Internet connection should be high-speed; the communication should be online, career and personal life should develop within the virtual world. Modern youth cannot imagine their life without mobile phones and Google. The information is valued today, but the sources to find it is not paper books. The lifestyle of modern people is associated with the high speed that is why old movies seem to be too slow, and the dialogues in them are too long. The appearance of the modern generation can be examined with the help of pictures in the networks’ accounts and profiles. If several years ago the youth e
Introduction Depression is a severe mental health issue that affects individuals of all ages. Adolescents with the condition may struggle to understand their state and overcome it. In addition, Salk, Hyde, and Abramson (2017) state that young women are twice more likely to experience depression when compared to men. The problem is defined as a mood disorder that affects the daily life of a person due to unexplained sadness and lack of interest in general activities. This topic is chosen because depression is a common mental health condition within the U.S. and in the world. Examining it in depth would provide an understanding of the problem and possible solutions for it. The topic is relevant as depression can affect anyone at any stage of life. Thus, having more information will help both personally and professionally, as it will assist in identifying symptoms of depression and its outcomes. This paper aims to examine the causes of adolescents’ depression, factors that contribute to the condition, and potential interventions. Depression The researchers have not identified the exact origins of the issue; thus, they may vary for every individual. However, some studies have shown that it may be connected to biological and chemical factors. In addition, inheritance is a possible contributor to adolescents’ depression. Some researchers found that depressed people display a change in their brain functioning (Salk et al., 2017). Additionally, chemical reactions connected to neurotransmitters and their role in mood regulation could affect one’s state. The variance in causes implies that more research on the topic is required to fully understand the problem and find adequate solutions to it. Onset Depression can affect an individual of any age; thus, adolescents can experience the issue. In general, psychologists distinguish early onset and late onset of the condition. The first category refers to both children and teenagers who suffer from depressive episodes. The symptoms may vary, however, in general, a person with depression would experience sadness or despair (Salk et al., 2017). In the late onset of the condition, which typically occurs after one becomes sixty-five years old, the illness is characterized by irritability or physical symptoms. The authors state that the essential factor that should be considered by the public is that depression can affect anyone, many children and adolescents suffer from the condition (Salk et al., 2017). Their state should not be disregarded as it may have severe consequences. Due to the fact that depression has different onsets, treatment should correspond to the individual characteristics of the state. The disorder can become evident at any stage of development; thus, infants, children, and adults can be affected by it. Cummings, Caporino, and Kendall (2014) state that “anxiety and depression in youth are meaningfully linked” (p. 816). This leads to the conclusion that in adolescents the condition is typically
O’Connor is one of the famous writers who have made tremendous contributions in the world of literature. She holds a belief that violent situations usually enable people’s real characters to emerge. She argues that once it surfaces, it demonstrates a man’s innate desires as well as his dark side. She uses violence in a rhetorical manner in the story entitled “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”, which confirms her beliefs. O’Connor argues that extreme circumstances usually reveal the true nature of human beings. Violence is usually defined as the use of physical force or emotional torment in order to get something from someone as well as in situations where people want to satisfying their desires. Violence situation in the story entitled “A good man is hard to find” begins when the family is on a road trip to Florida during the vacation. To some extent, violence begins in an indirect manner when the grandmother secretly plans to use tactics that would make her Son Bailey to change his mind so that she would visit plantations she had earlier visited. After inciting the children, they become excited and they yearn to visit the house that has some family silver. The grand mother incites them and it is said that “The children begins to yell and scream that they wanted to see the house…” (O’Connor, “Today’s Words: A Good Man Is Hard To Find ”). This provokes John Wesley to kick the driver’s seat in the verge of making his dad agree to their demand, making his father to lose control and they land into a ditch. Out of that violent situation, we are able to establish grandmother’s characters which include being selfish and self-centered. She seems to be narcissistic in nature and this has become apparent during the incident that leads to an accident. It is also evident that John Wesley is mean, a character that comes out clearly during the incident. Earlier on we see a situation whereby, John Wesley is asked what he would do to Misfit. His answer is “I’d smack his face” (O’Connor, “Today’s Words: A Good Man Is Hard To Find” ). Hitting the backseat creates a scenario where violence is evident. The situation depicts the boy’s violent nature Misfit, who is an escaping prisoner, had killed his father before he was arrested. This is situation that portrays him as a violent character. However, he denies the allegations saying that his father died of flu. In the bush, the sound of guns are heard when Bailey and his son are taken there by Hiram and Bobby Lee. The reason they are taken there is unknown at first. One would think they want to get some information from them. Both Hiram and Bobby Lee act violently since they kill
Gloria Rolando produced the movie, “1912, Breaking the Silence”. The movie elucidates the history of the political party, Partido Independiente de Color (PIC), which initiated a major struggle to achieve racial equality in Cuba. The members of the PIC suffered at the hands of the Cuban authorities, as there was a massacre of several blacks. The movie is the result of substantial archival research conducted by Rolando. The Cubans have shown considerable interest in the movie, as it provided information regarding the sacrifices made by Afrocuban leaders. For several years, the media overlooked the event. The authorities claimed to protect racial and economic equality in the country. The documentary encompasses numerous photographs, images, and interviews of notable personalities, who had participated in the movement. The leaders of this movement had participated in the Cuban War of Independence in 1902. The movie gives information regarding black leaders, who aspired to achieve equality between blacks and whites in the country. Viewers are informed regarding the role of black leaders such as Estenoz and Ivonnet in this event. The Afro-Cuban leaders established PIC to articulate their views concerning racial and economic inequality. The leaders were able to inspire blacks to participate in this movement. Obviously, Afrocubans deserved an important position in society and government. The documentary shows that black leaders were discontented with the government policies. Consequently, they insisted on a pro-black policy. This led to clashes between the government and Afrocuban leaders. The documentary describes disappointment, struggle, and sacrifices of the black leaders in the country. The movie is important, as it discloses various issues that were earlier overlooked by the media. For example, in the early 20th century, the voice of Afrocubans was suppressed. Interestingly, it took almost a hundred years to reveal the distress of Afrocuban leaders. The title “Breaking the Silence” is apt, as it reveals that for several years Afrocubans could not break their silence. By producing the movie, Gloria Rolando has attempted to ‘break’ the silence of Afrocubans. She encourages Cubans to express their views concerning racial inequality. Cuban leaders and American scholars have offered their views about the movement. This implies that during this period, Americans and Cubans exchanged a few ideas. The film demonstrates that racial inequality is perceptible not only in the U.S. but also in Cuba. Racial inequality is also represented in terms of economic and social inequality. For example, blacks may be deprived of quality healthcare facilities. They may lack opportunities to improve their educational qualifications. As they lack education, blacks do not obtain employment. The government needs to respond to this reality. The government can initiate measures to mitigate inequality between whites and blacks in education and employment sectors. A few limitations of the movie may be mentioned. For e
The campaign for the 2022 world cup bid by Qatar was a substantial step in the football field. World cup events have not been a Middle East affair and the Qatar 2022 campaign aimed at ending this culture. In the past times, the western countries have always shown interest in hosting football world cups leaving out most of the regions in the world. The western countries had the financial capability to host the event, and this was not easy for other regions to attain. In addition, the other regions or nations could not guarantee security for the event especially for the Arab countries. For this reason, Qatar forwarded its bid for the task followed by a crucial campaign that saw them get the opportunity to be world cup hosts. The campaign focused on showing the ability of Arab countries to host the event that has always been for the western countries. The campaign was under the leadership of a committee headed by the son of the current Emir of Qatar- Mohammed bin Hamad. Launch of the Campaign and Participants The committee launched the campaign in November 2009 that was to take place across the country. The campaign was to last till December 2010 when the appointment for the 2022 world cup host was to be announced. The campaign was to take place through different mediums, which included billboards, television adverts, and even radio. The advertisements were to be through out the country together with other Arab countries. Advertising in other Arab countries would help Qatar gain support from the nations. The objective of the world cup bid was to show the capability of Arab countries to host the football event that will reduce the gap between the two regions-Western and Arab. The main content on the advertisements of Qatar 2022 campaign bid was to show the countries resources and materials that would enable the country to host the event. Showing the country’s football stadiums and other infrastructure will convince the voters of the country’s capacity. Other advertisements had the Arab people expressing their joy and optimism of their region hosting the event. This would also be a plus in Qatar getting the vote for 2022 world cup hosts. Final Bid Ceremony Her Highness the Emir Sheikh Hamad bin khalifa Al-Thani was in attendance, in the final bid ceremony that would see Qatar manage to be the 2022 world cup hosts. Besides attending the final ceremony, Her Highness Sheikha Mozah took part in the presentation by addressing the members of the FIFA Executive Committee. In her speech, HH Sheikha explored the subject of the Middle East hosting the world cup tournament emphasizing that it was the appropriate moment for the move. Hosting the world cup event in Middle East would change the image of the region such as addressing humanitarian aspects. Other people in attendance in the final bid ceremony included the Qatar 2022 Bid Committee chair and CEO HE Sheikh Mohammed and Hassan Abduallah respectively. Renowned coach Milutinovic
Definition of education Education refers to the conveyance of knowledge from tutors to scholars, with the hope of transforming them from ignorant to educated persons. With this in mind, educated persons have access to the best possible mental state irrespective of the circumstances they are operating under. This affords them accurate perception, clear thinking, and effective action towards the realization of self-established targets. Benefits of attending college Studies have revealed that graduates earn higher amounts in comparison to their less learned counterparts. On average, associate degree holders receive lifetime earnings that are 25% higher than those of high-school graduates. It has also been divulged that most graduate employees who enrolled in college at the age of 18 recoup their amounts of money by the age of 33. This some incorporates tuition fees and the income missed out on during the entire duration spent in college (Baum & Payea, 2005). All in all, fact that few students complete the transition to college from high school is alarming. This is because studies reveal that those who are assimilated directly perform better than their counterparts who take a break (Kim, 2008). Hazards of failing to attend college It should be noted that disparities in terms of earnings also occur at the workplace. This is captured in the report on ‘Education Attainment in the United States,’ which revealed that holders of a master’s degree earned $70, 000 more than their counterparts with less than a high-school diploma. The disparity is also reflected on holders of a bachelor’s degree and those with a high-school diploma; hence the conclusion that wages earned are determined by the quality of papers held by an individual
Since the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, there have been numerous adverse effects resulting from the virus’s rate of spread. The severity of the outbreak led to the emergence of strict rules and regulations to curb the virus’s spread, which had a massive impact on significant financial aspects (Müller & Klein, 2020). As a response to the measures in place, a bearish economic trend in the financial market was similar to the stock market crash in 1987, which affected all major nations globally. One significant impact of the pandemic on project management is liquidity constraints. During the 2008 financial crisis, most central banks reduce their liquidity towards project management, even some completely exiting the market (Müller & Klein, 2020). Different governments provided stimulus packages to help reduce the pandemic’s impact on their nations to prevent such incidents. The Saudi Arabian and the United Arab Emirates provided $40 billion; the United Kingdom provided £30 billion, while the United States, under the Trump government, provided a sustainable stimulus package (Griffiths et al., 2021). On the other hand, the World Bank announced that it would provide a $12 billion plan to assist developing nations. However, the packages are becoming less effective with time; the pandemic has lasted for a long time now and is expected to last longer before a permanent solution to deal with the virus is found. The restriction on movement around the world led to increased pressure in the supply chain and the viability of labor worldwide. The disruption in the supply of raw material and labor stopped projects under construction and affected projects already running (Bartik et al., 2020). Even though most projects stopped during the pandemic’s peak, there was no adjustment in the debt repayment period, which led to the termination of specific projects. The circumstances brought by the COVID-19 were unprecedented and resulted in numerous financial problems. More monitoring and research need to be conducted to prevent any further issues.
Internal Conflict Connection between Colonialism and Status of Collective Identity Development The impact of colonialism on ethnic group identity and the emergence of discrepancies between groups should not be underestimated in developing countries, specifically in post-colonial ones. In particular, the colonial past significantly contributes to ethnic discords as many antagonistic groups were reunited into a single colony whereas some individual tribes were divided between several future countries. Such situation is typical of the countries in Asia, Africa and Middle East where colonial powers often ignited ethnic disputes by directing particular groups against each other. In other words, they resort to a “divide and conquer” tactics to take control of the local population. According to Handelman, “[g]iven the enormous number of tribal groups in Africa, even if the European powers had shown greater ethnic sensibility, many multiethnic nations would have inevitably developed” (99). With regard to this, the multiethnic countries with colonial past are more inclined to develop a strong sense of collective identity within a particular ethnic or tribal group. The European colonialism has contributed to a number of conflicts emerged among the African and Asian nations. The colonial divisions led to serious conflicts and deaths based on cultural and ethnical frictions. This particularly concerned the lands of East Timor that was withdrawn by Portugal and attached by neighboring Indonesia against the local population’s will (Handelman 100). The same tensions were undertaken by the African ethnic groups. In general, the colonial past has left the trace of ethnic hostility between ethnic groups and has contributed to the development of chauvinistic ideology. Defining Three Theories of Ethnic Identity Development and Origin Regarding Ethnic Conflicts There are three major theories of ethnic development and origin that explain the emergence of conflicts between racial, ethnic, tribal, and nationality groups: modernization theory, dependency theory, and globalizatio
Introduction to XSLT XSLT, the Extensible Style-sheet Language for Transformation, is an official World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation that provides a flexible, powerful syntax for defining rules that can be manipulated by XSLT processor to transform single or multiple XML documents into other form – an HTML document, a Portable Document Format (PDF) file, a Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) file, a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file, a Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) file, a flat text file, Java code, and many more (Tidwell 1). “XSLT makes use of the expression language defined by XPath for selecting elements for processing, for conditional processing and for generating text” (W3C 3). Extensions To give the nice visual representation to the output, the data has been arranged appropriately in table and div elements. The presentational properties for both the elements like width, background colors, font sizes, font colors, and many more, have been specified in a separate Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) to give the soothing effects. Problems encountered Although the task was quite interesting and I have learned a lot about new technologies and terminologies – Extensible Markup Language (XML), Extensible Style-sheet Language for Transformation (XSLT), XPath (a language for navigating in XML documents), XLink (a standard way for creating hyperlinks in XML documents), XPointer (a standard way to allow hyperlinks to point to more specific parts in the XML documents) and more, the task was