ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The movies Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter, and…. Spring is about a story of a boy who decides to spend his life as a Buddhist Monk. The movie shows how he passes through the different phases of life in the same monastery where he lives with his master. The strong worldly feelings and desires of the Monk distracted him from his aim for a certain while. But, in the end, he comes back to his master in the monastery. But, after a certain period of time, the monk runs away again in search of the girl he meets in the monastery. Several years pass when he returns to his master, having killed his wife, the same girl. The master still lets him in. But eventually, the police come hunting for him in the monastery and arrest him for the murder of his wife. Earlier, his master had warned him that “lust leads to desire, and desire leads to intention to kill”. Having ignored his master’s warning, the monk pushed himself into trouble. Later, when the monk has been taken by the police, the master sits in meditation on the rowboat. He seals his senses and burns himself to death. In ‘Winter’, the apprentice returns to his master’s monastery to find it empty and abandoned. He finds all his master’s belongings as they had been left untouched. After a certain amount of time, a lady comes to the monastery with her baby, with the desire of leaving it with the monk. The monk raises the baby and teaches him all that his master had taught him. Along with that, the boy is shown to have qualities exactly like the monk, who is his master. With this, the cycle completes in ‘Spring’. The religion of Buddhism teaches the four noble truths-  1. Dukkha  2. Samudaya  3. Nirodha  4. Magga Dukkha, or suffering, is the first noble truth taught by Buddha. Samudaya or attachment is the root cause of suffering or Dukkha. Nirodha is known to be the end of Dukkha or suffering. Finally, Magga is the way to end Dukkha. These are the four noble truths taught by Buddha. According to Buddhism, the ultimate is inexplicable. It cannot be understood nor can it be explained. It can only be believed. The Upanishads teach us that our attachment to the ‘samsaric cycle is only because of the reason that, we are not even slightly aware of the knowledge of the ‘Self’. Our desires bind us to this ‘samsaric cycle. The most prominent feature of Buddhism is ‘realism’. If one is under the influence of Dukkha, he/she is bound to the ‘samsaric world with almost the impossibility of leaving it ever, until he/she realizes his/her real self. According to Buddhism, nothing on this earth is everlasting. Everything perishes into oblivion sooner or later. The best real-life example of this would be a family. Man is undoubtedly attached to his family and all his near and dear ones. But, again, they will not live forever. They will die when their time comes. There is no such thing as permanent. Dukkha comes then when we don’t realize that all is unreal. Or to be precise, all is temporary. When we are forced to lose our loved possession, we experience Dukkha. The Buddhis
Introduction The question of motivation is rather important. Especially, when it comes to the education. It is one of the most powerful instruments that can be used to achieve greater performance. Nonetheless, the process of motivating students is complex and requires a multifaceted approach. In order to efficiently motivate students, teachers have to be aware of the tendencies and the most common behavioural models inherent in their students. The problem that this paper is going to dwell on relates to the diverse impact of motivation on the eminence of teamwork in a school environment. It is important to elaborate on this concept for the reason that it would help the researcher understand the origin of issues in a team and ways to motivate the team in a school environment (Wilson 2012). The author of this article is also going to explore how teamwork is influential (effective) and review related previous studies in this area. This research will be conducted in order to review relevant literature on the current research topic. The author is mainly interested in peer-reviewed articles and other journal articles that would extensively dwell on teamwork and its motivation-based approach (Campos 2012). The researcher will process the data, evaluate the findings, and reach justified verdicts in terms of teamwork upsides and downsides in an educational setting. The article also features a qualitative research and reasonable conclusions concerning teamwork and motivation in the school environment. The researcher expects to identify certain behavioural patterns inherent in team members and tendencies concerning leadership within a team. The impact of motivation (both positive and negative, if applicable) is going to be methodically assessed and thoroughly evaluated (Hill & Parsons 2012). The researcher expects to find that there is a positive dependency between the performance of a team and the type of motivation applied to the members of that team. Research Questions The author of the article outlined two key questions that are to be answered by the end of the article. They are as follows:   * How teamwork is influential on individuals and group performance?   * How to maintain teamwork in groups? Answering these questions would help identify the limitations of the current approaches and propose the ways to mitigate those downsides. The author of the article believes that the current approaches to the current student motivation methods can be improved significantly. The peculiarities of the possible improvements are thoroughly studied in the literature review. Literature Review Improving Student Motivation If
In the aftermath of World War II, the world witnessed a unique state of international relations which had no precedents in the history of diplomacy. Previously, powerful countries, such as the United Kingdom and France, were weakened by the war, and their influence on the international policy began waning. Alongside with other factors, it created the conditions for the settlement of the new global order, that was primarily characterised by the polarization of international relations. Despite “the war had ended without any attempt by the powers to redefine international order”, it was somehow naturally set by the postwar conditions 1 . The United States and USSR were two dominant powers of the postwar world, which started competing with each other to gain the influence across the globe and to prevent the contender from acquiring such authority. To provide a clearer understanding of the situation, some important definitions are listed. The Necessary Terminology International order – it is foreign diplomacy term, that defines the allocation of power and authority among the countries and international organisations around the world. Concerning the second half of the XX century, this term is used to define the political polarisation and rivalry for domination between the US and USSR. Containment policy – George Kennan’s “X” article, published in 1947, provided a template for the US government’s plan, which was aimed to limit the distribution of USSR’s influence across the world (primarily in the eastern and western Europe) and to strengthen the position of the United States. Arms race – the unprecedented competition between the US and USSR in producing the newer and more powerful weapons (most notably the nuclear weapons of mass destruction) as a means of balancing the power of the competing country. The balance of power – the concept of using the power of the country (or several allied countries) to balance the power of other nation and its allies. This term could refer to a relatively equal ratio of power as well as to the differentiation of power capabilities. Iron curtain – a famous definition by Winston Churchill which refers to the countries in western Europe under the occupation of USSR and their isolation from the rest of the world. Decolonization – a process of the former colonies declaring independence, which began after the World War II due to the waning of colonial empires such as UK and France. Conclusion The second half of the XX century is characterised by the crucial changes in the international relations and global policy. First of all, the polarisation of power on the political scene is one of the most critical aspects. The competition between USSR and the US during the Cold War and their attempts to balance each other’s power by the creation of nuclear weapons made them into world’s prevailing superpowers. The Third World countries were only able to choose the side they could adjoin, and some of their politicians were discontent with the status quo. Thus the Non-Alignment Movement was established, setting the goals of “democratization of the international system
Team Evaluation A motivated, visionary, and risk taking business leader, Maclean Palmer jr jointly collaborated with four other business entrepreneurs and set the scene to establish Maclean Palmer, a private equity firm. Maclean Palmer, an entrepreneur at heart identified an available opportunity with private equity investment and endeavored to gather the necessary human resources to initiate the investment process (Barringer, Ireland, & Ireland, 2010). A critical evaluation of Palmer’s team clearly indicated consistency with team building techniques and entrepreneurial behavior. Evidently, the call to quit their jobs and sell their homes to raise the venture capital, a prerequisite to the investment process doubtlessly illustrated their core competence of entrepreneurship. The team, characterized by general and limited partnership roles distinct at different levels was a historical entrepreneurial move. Shane (2010) and Drucker (2006) agree that the entrepreneurial outlook included a keen investment strategy with value addition approaches, a critical evaluation of investment opportunities, excellent communication skills, strategic sourcing for technical skills, and an effective organizational vision. Strong teams are characterized by specific roles evident in Maclean Palmer case study such as gatekeeping. Many of the investors, deficient of evaluation and investment skills in the venture capital industry charged a fee payable at a rate of 1% of the committed capital per annum. Further illustration of risk taking nature of the Maclean Palmer team was evident from the two successive recessions of 1980 to early 1992 and a stock market characterized b
Introduction Diversity at work is one of the most important aspects of a successful business. In the organization, one of the most important types of diversity is the different gender (male and female). Having different genders working side by side at work is one way of balancing the needs of income and outcome of work. In this balance will not be effective if we don’t have a successful way to negotiate our needs in the organization so as to be able to reach our goals (Bartáková, 2010, p. 193). Gender diversity is also one of the modern society needs in work and has become very important for the organization’s growth. This is in the division of a modern society having first started in the western societies. This was as a result of the growth of women’s education where women began earning bachelor’s degrees in greater numbers than their male counterparts (Eagly & Carli, 2007). Presently, women earn 57% of all bachelor’s degrees handed out, 59% of all master’s, 48% of PhDs, 49% of law degrees, and 42% of MBAs (Eagly & Carli, 2007, p. 76). Women become more workers hence increasing division of gender at the work. It all started in the western societies and that is after women had a growth in their education thus being more likely to work and support their families (Bartáková, 2010, p.194). So as to have a better understanding on the organization process we have to understand the way genders negotiate at work. This is because negotiation is the key to having a successful business and for that it is very important to understand gender behavior in negotiation. The main aim is to reach the best deal and target in our negotiations as well as how gender statues have an effect on their behavior in the negotiation, and how different genders behave about knowing how to reach the agreement successfully or can’t control the situation. At the same time, they will know how the different genders will be able to communicate with the verbal communication effectively and the cause behind having dysfunctional in the negotiation agreement (Bowles and Flynn, 2010, p.772). To be able to understand more on the business we have to know the meaning behind negotiations. Well, negotiation is the most important social behavior in the business and in the work place. In order to have successful negotiation we have to understand the different gender behavior in the work place and the way they react to word social infraction and negotiation based of fare as well as equity between men and women. Sociologists have studied how women react towards social interaction based on their character and how that will influence their behavior in work place and especially in negations. Research has shown that the gender of the negotiator has a huge influence on the outcome of the negotiation (Amanatullah and Morris, 2010, p.257). research also shows that women have a different reactions toward some ty
Introduction Internet of things (IoT) as a network of devices that are connected to each other by means of the Internet significantly affects the life of a modern person (Rowland, Goodman, Charlier, Light, & Lui, 2015). In a sense, its emergence has changed the people’s attitude towards searching, gathering, and perceiving information. Due to the fact that urban planning ultimately targets the experiences of urban dwellers, the internet of things and is vital to consider for a city designer. Internet of Things in a Work of an Urban Planning Specialist Practical applications of IoT are are plentiful. Sharing data, accessing them from multiple devices and the speed with which it can be done nowadays practically shapes the modern person’s understanding of comfort (Rowland et al., 2015). That is what modern people became used to. Since urban planner’s main task is to design the environment in a way that maximizes each person’s comfort without limiting the comfort of a society as a whole, the utilization of IoT in city solutions should be a new priority. As it was mentioned above, IoT changed the way people perceive information. Urban planner should adapt to those changes by designing the environment where information is present in way that can be easily accessible to people in a way they are accustomed to access it. The simplest example of such design solutions is interactive city maps that are often located in transportation hubs. IoT has taught people to create, share, and otherwise interact with information rather than be passive observers. This fact partly explains why it can be hard for modern people to read the traditional maps and why they often resort to electronic ones on their devices. Having the knowledge of that, an urban planner has to acquire additional skills and build knowledge on modern solutions that strengthen the potential of people of acquiring, using, and sharing the information. Such skills encompass, for instance, increased attention to energy planning. Public places such as surface and underground transport stops given the increased need for charging devices can provide citizens with free USB charging devices powered by solar panels, such as they do in North Carolina (Davis, 2017). Previously, there was no need for such public services as there was no demand for that and people that lived in the age of traditional computing did not feel the urge to stay online all the time. Now, items like Wi-Fi access in public places or even whole-city coverage solutions are added to the present agenda of an urban planner. Creation of a continuous space with internet access is becoming rather a necessity than just a handy addition. Therefore, the places we design seem to demand more emphasis on functionality and usability than on pure aesthetics. Given all the above, my career path seems to be needing adjustments in terms of technical knowledge such as basics of electrical engineering that will enable me to understand how and where telecommunications are best placed. Additionally, as a professional I will need to stay alert for possible developments in popular mobi
The question of the existence of God has always been burning for mankind. From time immemorial till today human beings have been trying to find out what rules their lives and what is the force that has created the whole world. Numerous cults and religions have imagined this force in different forms. They either had numerous gods, or a single God, but in any case, there have never been any doubts as to the existence of God. Accordingly, in this essay, I will try to prove the reasonability of believing in the existence of God expressing real life and philosophical ideas on this account. First of all, it is impossible not to believe in God’s existence if one takes an attentive look at his or her own life. Throughout our lives, we face numerous examples of God’s existence beginning from our births. People pray to God when they face troubles in their lives and receive help from divine forces in any case. For example, when a person is unemployed, his or her family has nothing to eat and there are no obvious signs of the coming improvements, it is God who presents this person a chance to change everything like out of the blue sky. Suddenly, this person finds the work he or she enjoys and receives a good salary for. There is undoubtedly no other reason for it, but God’s interference. Moreover, another proof of the reasonability of believing in God’s existence is the fact that billions of people are united by this belief. It goes without saying that various nations have their own variations of these beliefs, but the essence of them all is single – there is a divine force that rules the course of events in the life of every particular person and the whole planet. Thus, Christianity admits the existence of God, while Islam, Buddhism, Judaism and other religions agree with it with the only differing point being the name of their Gods. Whether it is Jesus Christ, Allah, Buddha, or other names, their essence is reduced to a single point – they are those who created the world and rule it. Finally, the most controversial, but the most adequate for me, is the proof of God’s existence that states that a person must have faith irrespective of his or her attending church. In other words, the existence of God is proved in a different way to every single person who has his or her faith in heart or soul and is not bound to any religious worships and rituals. Moreover, understandi
It is important to note that the decision-making process is a complex and highly intricate activity, which involves the accuracy of the information, a clear vision of objectives, and an understanding of the underlying issues. Errors in the decision-making process are common and can be done by any manager. However, there is a clear distinction between a bad decision and a wrong decision. In the case of the latter, the decision is the result of reliance on false or inaccurate information with the best intentions to make a correct choice. When it comes to a bad decision, a manager is aware of and has accurate information and a proper understanding of key factors but intentionally chooses the incorrect path. A bad decision might occur due to a wide range of factors, which can involve a conflict between a manager’s self-interests and organizational objectives or merely emotional influence on the decision-making. However, wrong decisions require changes in the acquisition of accurate and reliable information on which the correct decision can be made. In both cases, it is highly relevant to improve one’s decision-making skills both now and in the future. Such an improvement requires an increase in the integrity of processes of data acquisition and collection. It is stated that decisions can be “impaired by various inconsistencies and errors, which negatively affect the value of these data for any decision-making processes” (Schuh et al., 2017, p. 425). Therefore, proper automation of data collection methods on the basis of accuracy and integrity can greatly improve the overall knowledge available to a manager. By being able to see a wider and clearer picture of a situation, a manager will be capable of making correct decisions. Reference Schuh, G., Reuter, C., Prote, J.-P., Brambring, F., & Ays, J. (2017). Increasing data integrity for improving decision making in production planning and control. CIRP Annals, 66 (1), 425–428. Web.
Chapters 1 and 2 in Maria Edgeworth’s The Limerick Gloves introduce the readers to the central conflict between the Irish and English cultures shown in the relationship between Brian O’Neill and Phoebe Hill. The chapters reveal the characters’ heritage, traditions, and cultural and language differences that contribute to the initial misunderstanding at the culmination of Chapter 2. This essay will consider Brian and Phoebe’s relationship at the beginning of The Limerick Gloves and argue that it is considerably affected by their distinct cultures. Chapter 1 begins with the Hill family preparing to attend the Sunday morning service at the Hereford cathedral. The patriarch of the family, a local churchwarden, notes that his daughter, Phoebe, is putting on a new pair of gloves but is more concerned with arriving at the church on time (Edgeworth 13). His wife quickly recognizes the gloves as Limerick gloves made by the immigrant glover from Ireland, Brian O’Neill, and is troubled by the gift noting that they should not be worn “more especially when going to the cathedral” (Edgeworth 13). In this scene, the readers are introduced to the anti-Irish sentiments common in England in the early nineteenth century, with the cultural background for Phoebe and Brian’s relationship not being accepted by the English society being set. Notably, the father does not mind Phoebe wearing new gloves to the cathedral until he learns they were made by a person of another culture who subscribes to a different religion. Mr. and Mrs. Hill insist their daughter take off the gloves and wear the mittens offered by her mother instead. The mittens are