ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An examination and dissection of the student’s essay on what schools should teach reveals a mix of assumptions supported by facts and generalizations that go far beyond the data. The student has effectively responded to the first question and provided a clear analysis of the most important issues in this case. However, in the analysis of the first case, the student fails to provide statements from strong background of knowledge. The student posits that the “first issue is that there might be a misunderstanding on the parents and administrators parts about the problem being one of only cultural differences.” The use of the word “might” expresses possibility or probability and therefore fails to ascertain whether the student has clear cut knowledge on his assertions. The second issue is not only an assumption and a generalization; it has no evidence and has not been presented as a fact. By simply noting down that “the “civilizing impulse” attitude of white settlers thinking that they were instrumental in bringing about a new world is the same impulse that justified residential schools,” the student fails to provide evidence and can be best described as a personal bias thinly disguised as a fact. The third issue is well represented and articulated. However, the student fails to provide a strong point on how a full-time Tsimshian administrator and or teacher would resolve the conflict in the Setsco School curriculum. The strongest part of this case is the analysis of the second question on the true nature of the problem at Setsco Lake School. The student approaches the question from an informed perspective and brings to light the specific nature and parties involved in Setco Lake School’s problems. It is within this section of the essay that the student explains how a Tsimshian teacher would balance between the demands of the current curriculum and the Caucasian population. The third question lacks evidence and data to support major assumptions. The student notes that “the reality is that the stakeholders in North American schools don’t necessarily share the same goal of encouraging students how to grow into more autonomous…” This is an assumption that demands support from data or citation. However, the student makes some very important and noteworthy discoveries in the case study. The exclusion of students’ opinion in what should be taught in schools indicates that the student has shown signs of having thought long and hard about the issues. The resources used to support sections of the paper are relevant, but the student should have used recent resources to demonstrate research and current status of the issues under examination. Despite the fact that the student has managed to demonstrate a clear cut understanding of the issues within this case study, some issues are not well supported by facts and data. Assumptions and generalizations that have been
Introduction There is a lot of progress made in the practice of risk management in housing within the construction industry sector in America. The sector is prone to different types of risks because of a rapidly changing environment. There are few transferable practices since each project presents different operational conditions and different environmental constraints even if based on the same design. For this reason, the practice of risk management is crucial to the success of projects. Stevens (2002) notes that, “to succeed the risk management process must be treated with respect within an organization and has to be implemented early to achieve the greatest effectiveness”. Risks refer to events, which cause some degree of disturbance to the flow of a project when they occur. When such disturbance is positive, it results in a positive risk, while if it is negative, it results in a negative risk. Two measures apply in risk analysis. The first one is a risk’s probability of occurrence while the second is the damage that results from the occurrence of the risk event. The probability of the occurrence of the risk measures the degree of certainty within which the risk may occur. The consequences associated with the risk describe the seriousness of the effects of the occurrence of the risk. These consequences vary from insignificant to catastrophic. Boyd and Chinyio (2002) best summarize the purpose of risk management when they say, “clients need better value from their project, and construction companies need reasonable profits in order to assure their long term future”. Types of Risks Associated To the U.S. Housing Construction Sector Various causes of risks characterize the risk source portfolio for housing construction projects. There are a number of ways to categorize then including project homogeneity versus project heterogeneity, environmental analysis and controllable versus uncontrollable risks. Housing construction projects have various degrees of homogeneity and heterogeneity. Homogeneity encourages transfer of skills and lessons since it hinges on similarities between projects. The biggest risk associated with homogeneity in housing construction projects is the replication of a construction fault across projects based on the same design. If the contractors use a particular method of construction or a certain type of material that ends up being a source of damage to the houses, the company will face huge project losses. This scenario requires that for large scale homogenous projects, there is need for sufficient time for design and testing in order to stem the risk of a serious fault finding its way across the entire project. There are more risks associated with heterogeneity. This is because working on a project never done before makes it difficult to determine the effort and resources required. Risks arising out of homogeneity still occur even in very similar housing projects because of differences in environmental
Introduction The criminal justice system has undergone several adjustments. These trends do not seem to be ceasing any time soon. For instance, the law enforcement department has experienced brilliant developments in the past generation. Its future is indeed promising. Through the classic duty of law enforcers includes crime inquiry, the crime department has increased its mandates to include other issues such as averting crime and lowering crime rates. The contemporary law enforcement is not only reactive but also proactive. Technology has quickly become an essential component in policing unlike the previous generation. Hence, as technology transforms, the activities of law enforcers also change. This paper discusses some of these developments in the law enforcement department and its anticipated future. Moreover, the paper will discuss the budgetary and managerial impact that future trends will have on the department of criminal justice system. Social and Population Trends According to Schaible and Sheffield (2012), numerous population adjustments will influence policing, particularly in America. It is anticipated that the population of non-Hispanics will reduce to 50% in 2020. This observation implies that Hispanics will increase in number. Since the increased population of Hispanics will demand more attention, it implies that other races such as African-Americans will be secluded. Statistical findings reveal that African-Americans will maintain a population growth of 20% in 2050. Interracial marriages will influence how law enforces conduct their policing since people will cease to identify themselves in terms of ethnic or racial alignment (Baker & Das, 2013). The current generation differs from previous populations because it is willing to reveal its private information voluntarily. The observation is evident in social media where subscribers share information, which might be
Introduction Ethics is important for the wellbeing of an organization. It determines the effectiveness of an organization and its operations. in the hospitality industry, ethical practices help to avoid issues such as racial conflicts, cultural differences, gender troubles and dishonesty among others. Ethics in the hospitality industries is evolving. Changing values and cultural diversity indicates that perception will likely to occur where things does not argue well. It’s the role of the organization and employees to live and communicate organizational ethics and lead by providing leadership in their management. One of the rationale of this study was to determine the link between common work ethics. Hospitality industry has a wide permissible beliefs and behavior, hence, Hall (1992) points out that the management and the employees should strive to have a global understanding of what is right and wrong. Literature Review Stacy (2001) defines ethics in business as a guide in the way a business conduct itself. Acting in a moral way entails distinguishing between “wrong” and “wrong” and coming up with the “right” choice. Though Donaldson (2000) explains it is not easy to fix a good definition of a good ethical practice, an organization should aim at being competitive and treat its employees justly. Besides, it should minimize harn to the eco-system and devise ways of co-existing with the communities in which it works. Ethics and morals are intertwined. They supplement one another in the workplace. Moral and ethical standards guides the organization as well as improves employees interaction among themselves and with the customers. Several researches have been conducted on the aspect of ethics in the hospitality industry. The human resource direction has actually recorded several ethical issues in the hospitality industry. They have mentioned a range of problems which include employees being disrespectful to each other, racial conflicts, cultural differences, gender troubles, dishonesty and issues that majorly deal with the differences emanating from the different sexual orientations of the different players in the industry, among others. This research majorly looked into the common organizational work ethics in relation to employee job satisfaction and performance. This research therefore aims at looking into the issue of ethics in American hospitality industry. The research therefore aims to:   * Demonstrate if there is a link between common work ethics and employee satisfaction   * Prove if common work ethics have got a bearing on employee performance. Common Work Ethics Collins (2001) points out that the managerial theorists affirm that an organization’s most revered component is its employees. Therefore, organizations have
Parents are a significant element in the growth and development of children in all perspectives including health, education as well as sports. The involvement of parents in physical education and sports is viewed differently in regard to how it affects the child’s participation in sports even later in life. There are both positive and negative effects associated with the parents’ involvement in a child’s sports programs. Therefore, there is need to manage the influence to make the experience appropriate for all the parties involved. The management of the influence should assist in eliminating conflicts related to what is taught by the parents and what the coaches and instructors teach the children and youths (France, 2008). This essay looks at physical education and sport in children. It will emphasize the role of parents and how they influence a child’s participation in sports. There are various roles that parents should play in youth’s sports program. Parents should be involved appropriately in the up bringing of their children and youths sports programs. However, there are roles they should play and in a certain manner to avoid influencing them negatively especially when it comes to professional participation in sports. There are a number of ways that parents can be involved in their children and youths sports programs, for instance, through parental encouragement of the child to be active. Children’s involvement in physical activity depends heavily on the parents’ encouragement. For instance, it influences a child’s level of physical activity by enhancing the child’s perception of competence. The parent should, therefore, encourage their children/youths so as to build competence and a sense of mastery, which in turn promotes participation in physical activity. Parents should also provide assistance in the child’s activity. It could be through practicing physical skills, playing games and walking. This helps in instilling the importance of physical activity and sports into the child. Parents should as well facilitate participation of their children and youths. This could be through provision of access to facilities, programs and necessary equipment. It is also the duty of a parent to be a role model to the child. A parent should ensure that the child lives an active lifestyle irrespective of the cost that may be incurred. This helps in building confidence in the child as well as helping him/her to appreciate physical activity or sports. From the above information, it is clear that parents play a great role in determining participation of
The Annual Fair is Smallville’s biggest event of the year. Cuthbert is the Principal of Smallville High School. Students from Smallville High School perform at the annual event. Coy Gunner is a student of Smallville High School. The school regulations stipulate that students must adhere to the school’s regulations and conduct themselves worthy of emulation. Coy Gunner is the School’s Quarterback. Gunner wore a green T-Shirt with different inscriptions during the annual event. The message on Gunner’s T-shirt provoked the Principal during the event. The Principal Rebuked Gunner for wearing the T-Shirt. The action of Coy Gunner is a violation of the regulations he pledged to observe. Matters Arising Smallville High School hosted the annual event and the Principal chaired the occasion. Coy Gunner is a student of Smallville High School with an obligation to abide by the school’s regulations. The school’s regulation stipulates strict adherence. By signing the consent form for admission, Coy Gunner accepted to adhere by the school rules and will be held accountable for any misgiving. The Principal has the right to rebuke Coy Gunner and place him under suspension. The Rule The hypothetical case will be tried using natural law. When an individual provokes his or neighbor with his or her actions, the individual has committed an offence. Constitutionally protected speech covers certain areas of our lives. A constitutionally protected speech means:  1. The individual has the right to speak.  2. The individual can use abusive words to demand or convey liberation messages or protest.  3. The individual can participate in any symbolic protest. A constitutional protected speech does not mean:  1. The individual will wear symbols that would incite or cause any form of demonstration.  2. The individual will distribute profane materials.  3. The individual will act against the regulations of the school. The above statements will be used to judge the action of Coy Gunner. Base on the above statements, Coy Gunner’s message is not a constitutionally protected speech. His action is against the law, and in this case the Principal is the custodian of the law. Cuthbert’s actions can be justified because; he is the custodian of the law and must enforce its principles despite the right to free speech. Compare and contrast Base on natural law, Gunner’s actions will be an offence whether on or off school property. Coy Gunner has a duty to uphold a character worthy of emulation. He holds a position as the School’s Quarterback and must be held accountable for unruly behavio
Multiculturalism is a concept discussed by Siapera as regards media, but it can be used in many situations (48). Multiculturalism is the mindset which makes all people understand and respect traditions and values of other nations. All films and stories (including the texts by Fadiman or Tan), where people are not judged or presented in a biased way, but where people are ready to live in peace, are based on the concept of multiculturalism. Identity is a very important concept for the modern society as people often have to live in another country and adopt new traditions, but they need to know who they are. Siapera stresses that identity is what construct’s people’s behavior and mindset (48). Identity helps people find their way in a new society as they can know for sure what is acceptable for them and what is not, and how to behave in different situations. The concept of individuality is also very important as it plays an important role in the societies (Siapera 49). This concept can be used to make people (who are the majority in the society) understand that people who are seen as minority have their right to be slightly different. All people want to have their right for individuality (for example, teenagers try to express their individuality through wearing different clothes or listening to certain type of music), so having a bit different traditions is also a type of individuality. Tan (50) considered the concept of limitation concerning language, but it can also be used to discuss cultures, traditions, etc. For example, many people do not want to make an effort and try to understand people coming from a different place and they often think that newcomers have limited knowledge of language and limited understanding of what to do in the new country. However, these newcomers are not limited as they are simply different since they have to mix different values and different languages, and their language (mindset, etc.) is not limited but more complete. Language of intimacy is another concept considered by Tan (47). Language of intimacy is the language which is spoken by people who are close to each other (relatives, close friends, spouses, etc.). This language can be a bit different from the language spoken in the country as this is a kind of code for those who are close and this is another proof of their close ties. Cultural adaptation is a concepts mentioned by Fadiman who provides different examples of people’s adaptation to new ways of life (9). Of course, people coming from a different country have to adapt to be accepted in the new society. In the case of Hmong people this adaptation is giving American names to their children, but there are lots of examples in the real life where people start wearing the same clothes, speaking the same language, sharing similar values. The concept of connectedness is mentioned by Fadiman as the author stresses that it is important to look into lots of details to understand something (13). Cultures can be understood if numerous historical events are discuss
In his article “Who Is a Refugee?” Andrew E. Shacknove 1 talks about the recent discordance in various conceptions of the refugee status. While arguing that refugeehood is not, in fact, a definition, he provides appropriate examples of such conceptions, namely, the UN Convention and Organization of African Unity (OAU). Shacknove claims that he supports the OAU version where it is stated that to every person who is forced to leave his place of living and seek asylum outside his country due to various disturbing events or aggression, the term “refugee” can be applied. The author insists that it is very important to have a clear understanding of refugeehood conception meaning and cause because the host states accepting refugees and their citizens are still reluctant in the matters of offering assistance, financial aid, and social support. However, the question of assistance obligations, although crucial, is not within the scope of this article. Shacknove contends that the most common attributes of a refugee, the persecution and alienage captures in his place of living, are not the key features of refugeehood. He argues that essentially the refugees are individuals who comply with the following characteristics: their basic needs are unprotected by their country, they have no other way than to ask for international restitution of their needs, and whose location allows for such international assistance. While the catastrophic events may lead to people seeking assistance, a refugee only becomes such, when his sovereign state is unable or unwilling to provide such assistance, at the same time allowing or urging its citizens to seek help abroad. Shacknove emphasizes that refugeehood has no relation to migration or territory, but rather it is a political relationship between the state and the citizen. He draws a conclusion that the refugee status could be granted solely to persons whose government does not protect their basic needs, who have no other way but to seek international restitution of such needs, and whose location makes this international assistance possible. Bibliography Shacknove, Andrew E. “Who Is a Refugee?” . Ethics 95, no. 2 (1985): 274-84. Web. Footnotes  1. Andrew E. Shacknove, “Who Is a Refugee?”, Ethics 95, no. 2 (1985): 274, Web.
Introduction Franchising refers to the practice of using a business model success to capture new and retain the existing market shares. It can also be defined as a strategy that a business can use in retaining and expanding its customer base. Franchising has enabled several businesses that were opened in the past to grow to whole new levels of profitability and customer satisfaction. Mary Anne and Mark have been able to develop a unique twist to their sauce. This as a result has made them realize constant growth of customers in a steady positive way (FreeAdvice Staff n.d.). Within a period of five years they were able to open up a second restaurant. Unfortunately, Mary has not been able to make enough sauce that would meet the rising demand. Franchising would be the best way to support their business to meet growing demands. In addition, it would also provide a way of raising more capital to expand into other regions. Through the private investors they were able to raise $ 1 million to acquire and create more franchise systems. They were also able to meet all the regulatory requirements and the marketing finances for the franchise. In franchising their business they would apply the strategy described below. Steps to take in franchising business. Acquisition of a license and use in legal business As defined by the international franchise association (IFA), franchising involves an agreement between two parties. This agreement would enable the franchise owners to market the products as their own or use the trademark registered for commercial purposes. Since they have been receiving request to purchase franchises, it would be wise for them to obtain a license agreement that would enable them to trade with the trademarks acquired. The license would also enable them market their products using other registered trademarks without being seen as operating illegally. This process has enabled the Beauchamp’s buy and sells