ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Preparedness for disasters is necessary to ensure adequate supplies and protection during an emergency. Taking all these important measures before disasters makes the difference between life and death. Food Emergency meal kit This meal kit contains provisions for food servings covering the breakfast for thirty servings, lunch and dinner for twenty-eight servings. For breakfast, there is cinnamon cereal for six servings, crunch granola for eight servings and orange drink mix for sixteen servings. Lunch and dinner entrees have provisions containing lasagna with meat for four servings, chicken and rice for four servings, creamy chicken containing vegetables, and pasta for six servings. It also contains noodles and beef in mushroom sauce, pasta with chicken each for four servings and chili mac containing beef. This kit has a long shelf life of more than 25 years, can be used at home or outdoors, it is easy to prepare by adding only hot water hence removing the need for cooking. This makes it appropriate for emergencies like floods and hurricanes when there are not much opportunities to cook meal. It contains more than two thousand calories and 100 grams of protein, which means that it meets all family dietary requirements. The United State’s department of agriculture to ensure high standards approves the meat. The expected retail price is $ 139, which means any family can afford it. Freeze-dried gourmet (long-term) Two packets can serve two servings of food every day for four adults or two adults and four children for a period of one month. This means that two packets can serve one breakfast and one meal. The breakfast and entrees contained in the packages comprise of tomato and hearty tortilla soups, crunch granola, cheesy lasagna, pasta, teriyaki chicken and rice, vegetable rotini and creamy pasta, chili macaroni, savory stroganoff, apple cinnamon cereal, and sugar and maple cereal. The meals are ready ma
Introduction Coca Cola is one of the largest producers of non-alcoholic beverages like Coca-Cola classic, Diet Coke, Dasani, Fanta, Sprite, Schweppes, PowerAde, etc. for the purpose of this memorandum we will contrite on only four brands i.e. Coca Cola classic, PowerAde, and Diet Coke. Here we will present the market segmentation that we intend to follow for Coca Cola in Chicago for these four products, and the pricing strategy that will developed for these products. Before we start our analysis, we must briefly understand the demographics of Chicago city. Market Segment Chicago has a total population of 2,833,321 as in 2006 (US Census Bureau). The target customers of Coca Cola are people from the age group of 10 years to 65 years. In this target, Chicago has 82.2% of the population (US Census Bureau). The market share of Coca Cola co. is 42.7% in 2008, which has dropped by 3.1%. The best performing brand of the company is Coca Cola classic, which has a market share of 17.3% among all brands in the US in 2008. This too dropped by 2.5% in 2008. Further, in the overall soft drinks market in the US faced a slump in revenue and units sold (Beverage Digest). Given this condition of the soft drinks market in the US, market segmentation need to be done carefully. The market segmentation is done based on the preferences of the products and the usability or benefit derived by the consumer from the product. This is a form of behavioral segmentation. Here it must be noted that segmentation is based on four categories – health conscious, non-health conscious, and gain energy from drink. Based on demographics it can be observed that the most avid drinker of Coca Cola is within the age group of 10-19 years. This age group is keener on classic coca cola. The second demographics group is 20-35 years. This group of people is more health conscious and hence has a greater demand for diet coke. The third group is 35 and above is the age group who are more inclined in consumption of caffeinated products. Pricing The pricing for these products must differentiate based on third degree differentiation. In this case, we differentiate between the three segments of consumers. Here we see that the consumers can be segregated on the benefits they derive from the drink. Coca Cola is a non-alcoholic beverage, which is targeted mainly at teenagers as they feel that consumption of the product will bring in coolness. In this segment, again the people who are avid sports enthusiasts and those who have high degree of physical activity can be targeted by PowerAde. Further, Diet coke can be targeted at people who are health conscious. The pricing must be differentiated based on these segments. Thus, the pricing for Coca Cola should be lowest among all the three brands. This is so because the target customers are mostly young adults who have limited spending power. The price of diet coke should be above that of Coca Cola classic, however, less than that of PowerAde, because it targets to diet conscious people as an alte
Speaking St. Augustine admits that through talks, one easily exposes himself to iniquity. Speaking has led him to commit felonious acts against God by ending up in “praising other men” and “deceitful riches” (Sheed). He says that through speaking, men learn to lie, yet this is against the will of God. He pinpoints occasions in his life, where his indiscipline acts were the manifests saying that his ears were tickled with humongous “lying fables” from his friends (Sheed). Through speaking, St. Augustine learnt the art of deception. He says “…..with innumerable lies deceiving my tutor, my masters and my parents” (Sheed). This further affirms his belief that speaking is indeed sinful. The book enumerates several occasions where Augustine transgressed against God through his speech. It is thus easier to witness that he regards the actions of speaking as a leeway to sinfulness. Sex He allocates a good portion of book 2 to create a foreground for his sexual escapades. The tone of the admissions is obviously that of regret and ruefulness (Sheed). He clearly disapproves sex as a sin that chained him to servitude of endless lust (Sheed). He says that his concubine had become a great hindrance to his marriage and his heart was “bleeding”. He eventually admits that his marriage was carved in courtesy of his extra marital sexual adventures. This is in book 6 of the confessions. In this regard, Augustine openly views sex as a sin. It led to the disintegration of his marriage. In book 6, Sheed says,”She returned to Afric …leaving me my son by he
Through the analysis of Carden (2010) involving natural disasters and their impact on product prices, it was shown that you must first take into consideration what type of product has been affected, the demand side of the product curve as well as the amount of reserves that is present in the current global supply chain (Carden 2010, pp. 81-84). Since the product in this case is wheat, an examination of the work of Roberson (2012) is in order since through his examination of the supply and demand of wheat in the current global market it can be determined how a significant drop in supply would impact product prices. Roberson (2012) states that wheat is a highly sought after commodity since it is used in a vast array of products. At any given time most countries have at the very least a 3 to 6 month supply of wheat (in the case of Asia the demand for wheat is lower) to meet local demand at which point supplies would be exhausted. With the current price of wheat set at $308.9 per metric ton, a drop of 50% in the global wheat yield would most likely result in a 50% increase in price resulting in $460 per metric ton (Roberson 2012, pp. 4-6). (Roberson 2012, pp. 4-6). However, do note that while it is normally the case that high demand and a low supply rate would immediately result in a large price hike, primary commodities such as wheat normally have significant government controls in place wherein practices related to price easing utilizing government stocks will occur. For example, data from the U.S. dating back to 2006 showed that it had roughly 1,429 metric tons of wheat to act as a supply buffer should there be a sudden rise in wheat prices caused by a natural disaster (Increased Wheat Supplies To Ease Price Pressures 2008, pp. 4-5). Taking this into consideration, a decline of 50% in global wheat yield would be met with a quantitative easing policy by the local government wherein the price of wheat would increase in increments of 10 to 15 percent over the next few months through the release of government wheat stocks until the price stabilizes at a particular rate. A similar policy is also present in the case of the European states as well as within Russia due to the high demand for wheat in such regions. Do note that the demand for wheat is not as prevalent in Asia as compared to the rest of the world. This is in part due to rice being their main staple as compared to wheat. It is based on this that it is likely that in the case of Silo, it would change its current supply strategy by focusing on Western markets for the time being such as the U.S., Europe and Russia and only attempt to focus on South Asia once supplies are back to normal. Reference List Carden, A 2010, ‘Disastrous anti-economics and the economics of disasters’, Ec
Introduction The “Aeneid” is one of the most prominent pieces of literature written by the ancient poet Virgil. The poem depicts a variety of different characters, each with their ambitions and inner struggles. The main hero, Aeneas, is driven out of his home after the destruction of Troy and travels the world in his quest to reach Italy. When discussing the “Aeneid”, the important role women play in the story can be noted. By realizing the role women play in the poem, one can gain an understanding of how the authors of old used supporting characters to shape their stories and protagonists. Women can be used for a variety of purposes in ancient literature: some of them are presented as seers and oracles, warriors and queens, loving wives and mothers. In Virgil’s poem, however, the most prominent women are mainly introduced to advance the plot and enhance the character of Aeneas. Several female characters are present in the Aeneid that directly impacts Aeneas’s journey. They can influence Aeneas both positively and negatively, some of them helping the man, and others hindering his progress. The more obvious examples of this are Dido, Venus, and Juno. Aeneas’s mother serves as a positive force that tries to help the man on his journey, motivated by her love. Juno acts out of anger and spite, seeking to complicate the hero’s life, and Dido is compelled to advance the story by her affection for Aeneas. This paper will discuss the roles of these three women in the story and describe how they are used to push the narrative forward. Dido Queen Dido is relatable to the reader and her emotional and psychological struggles are undeniably human. As a character, she represents the values that are opposite of Aeneas’s. While the man is determined and steadfast in his goal to reach Italy, Dido places more emphasis on her desires and happiness. The queen of Carthage accepts Aeneas and his people into her city after their journey through the Mediterranean Sea comes to a halt. Dido grants favor to the man and welcome the wandering trojans by throwing a banquet. A recently widowed woman, she is still grieving the passing of her beloved Sychaeus. Through the orchestrations of Juno and Aeneas’s mother, Venus, the queen forgets about her dead husband and falls madly in love with the hero. They spend a night in a cave together, being unofficially wed there. The woman puts her needs first, preoccupied with her feelings for Aeneas instead of focusing on expanding her land. Thinking that the man was in love with her, she assumed he would abandon his duty and stay at Carthage. Aeneas’s subsequent departure leaves the queen di
Every good thing has some bad aspects attached to it. An idea, an item, or an innovation can be described as good if there are more good aspects in it than bad aspects. However, if bad aspects are more than good aspects, then something can be described as bad. This description implies that everything has both good and bad sides. It is on this basis that this piece of work tries to analyze the culture of the internet and E-commerce (McClintock, 19). New economies have been created throughout the world by means of sharing information that is obtained from the internet. People can search for products on the internet and even request them online. Business people can use the internet to advertise their products to potential customers. Development in internet services is one of the major improvement efforts that have been made in the field of information technology (McClintock, 102). This development has facilitated business transactions between business individuals and their customers who may be in places that are far apart. For example, some business firms use their website pages to advertise the products that they can offer to their customers. The customers can send their invoices by E-mails to the sellers to request for delivery of goods. Once the requests for goods have been received, the goods are delivered to the customers. The Internet has therefore made business transactions to be faster than they were two decades ago. When invoices are sent by E-mails, they reach the intended recipients faster than if they were written and sent through the post office. For instance, there are some books that are available on the internet but for an individual to use them they must be purchased online. Once a person has purchased a particular book online, access to the book is granted and therefore the person can enjoy its full services. The time that could have been wasted by a customer while walking to the bookshop to purchase the book is thus saved. This is a typical example of how the use of the internet has facilitated E-commerce (Said, 106). A free market economy in which business individuals are allowed to sell their products at prices they wish should be encouraged as long as the freedom does not negatively affect other people. Business activities are done well in a business environment where there are a few business restrictions (Said, 124). The founders of Wikipedia pages of the internet had very good ideas. They intended Wikipedia to be the site where people can freely get the information they need and even make their contributions. People can edit information on Wikipedia pages by adding or even deleting some parts to make the information better. The founders of Wikipedia stated that no person should restrict others from accessing Wikipedia pages even after adding some information to the site (Said, 189). In conclusion, the internet has made business transactions to be faster but some services offered on the internet are considered to be of low quality. The information on the Wikipedia pages can be printed and sold fo
Introduction Consumers are generally influenced by two factors: internal influences and external influences. Internal influences are personal feelings and thought that includes self-concept, motivation, attitudes, emotions and perceptions. These factors generally influence perception, purchasing patterns, and attitude customers develop towards a product or a service offered by business. Besides, these factors are directly linked to internal and external interacting social aspects that control the pattern of though and expressed feelings. Reflecting on internal and external influences, this paper develops a comprehensive matrix for purchasing patterns exhibited by customers of the Pepsi soft drink in the UAE in relation to the future marketing practices that the Pepsi Company may adopt in order to penetrate the Middle Eastern market. Marketing the Pepsi drink in the UAE Market dynamics and consumer behaviour in the UAE It is necessary for the Pepsi Company to tailor its calcium-fortified drink to suit the acceptable cultural norms in the UAE. Several external influences affect consumer behaviour in UAE. These influences include individual culture and sub-culture, group associations, social cultural and household structure since the consumption and purchasing behaviour is heavily influenced by the unique UAE conservative culture [1] . The general buying decision in the UAE There has been substantial research on consumer behaviour, examining the decision process and influences upon it. These are in terms of store and brand characteristics and consumer behaviours. Solomon (2009) notes, “Central to the theories of consumer behaviour is the conviction that different consumers go through markedly complex decision making process that
Purpose of the Speech According to Baccarani and Bonfanti, the purpose of public speaking often proceeds and determines how the orator will prepare and even make the presentation (375). Analysis of who is saying what (speaker himself or herself), to who (the audience), through what media (the channel), and with what effect (impact or intended result) guides how speakers prepare to meet the purpose. Various purposes precede the making of public speech. To begin with, the speaker may be directly invited by an organization, which may be a business conglomerate, a school, community, a political party, or a religious institution to make a public speech on a given topic (Scott 50). In such instances, the organizers and the inviting parties determine the purpose of public speaking. For example, colleges that require a skilled speaker to make a public speech to students to motivate them to work hard in their studies have often invited me. Such a speech is usually structured to begin with a powerful anecdote that pulls the attention of the audience into the topic and its impact on their lives. The body is also structured with facts, jokes, and relevant examples that the audience can easily identify with followed by a powerful conclusion that calls the audience into action (LeFebvre et al. 261). For instance, students can be encouraged to study extra hours, to purchase academic materials, to attend lectures, or to avoid distracters such as uncalled for entertainment, sexual perversion, laziness, and general indiscipline. However, other purposes of public speeches exist. For example, a speaker may be contracted by speakers’ bureau to make business and commercial event speeches. In such cases, the speaker is paid a commission of between 25% -30% (Baccarani and Bonfanti 378). The purpose of public speaking is dictated by the organization that awards the contract. For example, an insurance institution may require a speaker to make a speech to influence the target audience to take insurance cover that ranges from life to property. Therefore, the public speaker prepares for such a speech through researching on the area and devising persuasive techniques that move the audience into action. The other instance is where a public speaker personally purposes to make a public speech in a particular forum (Mowbray and Perry 207). I have also participated in this public speaking out of my interest to influence the society. This speech may be targeted at influencing a particular group to think and/or act in a particular manner. The Use of audience analysis, including how to perform such analysis in various venues, and how the information affects the speakers’ preparation and methods According to Brundage and Hancock, audience analysis involves a deliberate effort by the speaker to seek understanding of his or her audience before speech delivery (139). For effective public speaking, the speaker must have prior knowledge of the audiences who are the end users of his or her speech. In my public speaking endeavors, audience analysis has helped me to gain imp
Background British Petroleum, also known as BP, is one of the key players in the energy sector in the United States. The importance of this sector to the country’s economy is very clear, given that all other sectors of the economy depend on it for energy. According to Cuthbert (65), British Petroleum is one of the most important companies in the United States economy. However, it is raising a lot of concern how this company has been conducting its operations over the last twenty years. The company has been accused of a series of crimes that involve its operations within the country. For instance, Texas City Refinery explosion and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spillage are some of the worst accidents in this industry that the country has ever experienced in history. What is worrying is that the management of this firm does not seem to be concerned. The mistakes that this firm committed five years ago are still the same mistakes it is committing today, leading to massive negative environmental impact. The environment is delicate, and how we treat it today will determine its sustainability tomorrow. In some instances, the environmental pollution may be irreversible (Lyon and Maxwell 56) Every human life is precious and must be treated as such. Lives being lost in avoidable accidents, in this firm’s plants within the country can never be replaced. Socially, those families whose loved ones die in such accidents will spend the rest of their lives moaning. In other families, breadwinners will be lost. Environmental and human rights activists have been asking how long this will continue. They have been concerned of how this firm can be made to appreciate that the environment defines the very existence of the future generation. Fines paid by this firm may not be enough to reverse some of the negative effects that its activities has on the environment and to families that lose their loved ones (Zoltan and Laszlo 53). The United States government, through the United States Environmental Protection Agency, must act now in order to protect the environment. The action must go beyond fines because this firm has proven beyond any doubt that it can pay these fines without its operations being significantly affected. Analysis It is important to analyze the trend that this firm has taken in violating the law and paying fines as a result of this. In 1999, British Petroleum was found guilty of irresponsible waste disposals in Alaska North slopes. The company paid $ 22 million in fine for this criminal offence. The Texas City Refinery explosion in 2005 remains one of the worst industrial accidents in the United States in the recent times. It left 15 people dead, and over 170 others seriously injured. The environmental impact of this was devastating. The company paid over $ 65 million in fin