ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The issue of genetically modified (GM) salmon labeling is a rather complicated one as it is associated with customers’ perceptions. Traditionally, GM food is considered as something artificial and dangerous to health. In their study, Amin, Azad, Gausmian, and Zulkifli (2014) state that the very notion of modern biotechnology, religious beliefs, and eating preferences may divert people from consumption of such foods. More to the point, as noted by Haspel (2015), GMO technology was foisted for a long time. In this connection, some organizations may reject labeling their GM products. However, in case GM salmon meets the officially established standards of safety and containment policy, where the latter relates to the separate breeding and escape prevention, why not to label it? It seems that GM salmon labeling should be implemented to clearly indicate that this food was modified. The information should be obvious and visible, so that every customer may easily understand what he or she attempts to purchase (Haspel, 2015). In this connection, transparency is to be proposed as the top priority for GM food manufacturers as customers have the right to know what they eat. In particular, it seems appropriate to use the approach that implies the presence of some additions. GM salmon is to be labeled as a GM product. At the same time, to introduce this product to customers, it is necessary to identify that it is nutritionally identical to regular salmon. In this case, it seems that both customers and food manufacturers would benefit from GM salmon production. To sum it up, the research with which I also agree shows that the mandatory GM food labeling guidelines are to be implemented in the US.
The Different States of the Consulting Process The consulting process involves giving respect to the audience, identifying with the client, being equipped with a good base of information, alluding to the real day-to-day facts, and making the audience crave for more information. Each of these stages is important in ensuring that the overall goal of the consultation process is achieved with minimal resistance by the client and the audience (Lucas, 2008). The professor accords respect to the audience from the point that he enters the room to address them. This is exhibited when he appreciates how much the audience already knows. Thus, by doing this he is winning the faith and trust of those who may be skeptical about what he speaks and how he acts. This shows how keen he is concerning the application of emotional intelligence in order to understand the mood of the audience. In addition, he maintains that the audience is part of the system and gives credit for any effort made as a result. This is why he gets credit for being good at using creative approaches to analyze his ideas. Furthermore, he believes that understanding of the information in his area of study is essential. Thus, it is difficult for the audience to challenge the professor as the informat
Difference between leaders and managers Many scholars have pursued to bring out the differences between managers and leaders as well as between management and leadership roles. They argue that managers administer while leaders innovate; that managers have short-term view while leaders have long-term view; that the manager asks how while the leader asks why; that managers eye the bottom line while leaders eye the horizon; that managers accept status quo while leaders challenge it; and that a manager manages things while a leader leads people (Atwater, Brett & Charles, 2010). It can be argued that, one thing that these views notice is that these differences are dependent. For example, a manager can administer effectively without necessarily being innovative, or that a manager can manage things but cannot lead people. In that respect, leadership and management mean two different things. There is every reason that a manager can manage but not lead. Fairholm and Fairholm (2008) are of the view that leadership is an advanced level of management where the individual has the overall control of an enterprise. This means that a leader has the higher responsibility of harmonizing organizational objectives with all other elements of the enterprise. A manager in a manufacturing firm can be responsible for the human resources within the department, but can lack the skills to motivate them. Therefore, for any organization that aims to succeed in all circumstances, leadership development is paramount. How to Develop Leadership Leadership occurs naturally in some individuals. Others however need to acquire the skills by learning. Either way, the importance of these skills cannot be emphasized enough. Person and professional advancement in life require leadership skills. Promotions at work and other areas require people with perfected leadership skills. There needs to be confidence that the individual will make tough and complicated decisions when given the higher office. Growth is another reason why people should study leadership skills (Atwater, Brett & Charles, 2010).There is always room for improvement; therefore, leaders undertake regular workshops and courses to sharpen their skills. Learning leadership addresses both intelligence and emotions of a leader. Emotions sometimes cloud the ability of a leader despite the leader being intelligent, the vice versa is also possible. Through this learning, leaders learn to accept other people’s opinions and understa
Introduction With the need to increase the global economy, the field of agriculture is one among the many that have been used to improve the commercial production to take care of the global needs for food and other products that are extracted from plants. This has been done through genetically modifying plants to enable them produce high-quality products and in high quantities. However, the move has been facing so much criticism from different religions in the world: Christians, Jews, and Buddhism. The arguments have been based on ethics and principles of the specific religions. Looking at the Christians point of view of genetic engineering, we will evaluate if religious beliefs should play a role in developing government policy towards genetic engineering. Christianity’s take of Genetic Engineering Christianity, the religion that constitutes different denominations, is one among many religions in the world that have differed sharply with genetic engineering. Thomas recorded that a denomination like the Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) have ethical concerns on the sanctity of human life, protection of human dignity, acceptance of social responsibility, stewardship of God’s creation and also challenge genetic intervention based on truthfulness, prevention of suffering, freedom of choice, and fairness (Thomas 1). Christians make their argument from the point from God’s creation. They view genetic engineering as an effort to alter God’s creation. They are opposed to the idea by basically considering some of the procedures taken, for example, as Epstein explained some human genes are used to modify the growth rate of plants like tomatoes and pepper, fish and pigs. The argument is that human beings were created in the likeness of God and that it is wrong for their genes to be modified or to be used to modify any other creation. This is seen as aiding God in his ongoing creation of the world (Epstein 1). However, some Christians who believe that they are co-creators have appreciated the fact that genetic engineering is part of creation. Christian religious scholars are in the fore front to evaluate and advice fellow Christians on genetic engineering. They are dealing with the topic depending on each case as it appears. eNotes documented that: Many religious organizations have responded to the use of genetic engineering to modify food by recognizing its potential for increasing the quality and quantity of food, but with cautions having to do with the viability of small farms, global inequities, the power of corporations in view of intellectual property rights, and the right of consumers to know what they are eating. (eNotes 1) However, the greatest concern is based on the possible outcomes of generating traits that are not related to health like people with high economic or political power could get ways to improve themselves to the disadvantage of those who lack. What Genetic Engineering is, its Advantages and Disadvantages Genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes, to produce what a researcher has in mind. According to eNotes, plants “are genetically engineered to produce pharmaceutical products, to enhance their protein value as foods, to a
Introduction: Pecos Bill as a Tall Tale Character Pecos Bill is probably the most famous American tall tale character. A tall tale is a story that can be true or invented but is anyway hard to believe. Pecos Bill is a story about the adventures of a cowboy who was raised by coyotes. With time, this boy understood that he is not an animal but a human, and he got a chance to change his life with coyotes and continued his life with people. The first stories about Pecos Bill were written by Edward O’Reilly and published in 1917. Since then, lots of writers presented their ideas as for the facts of Bill’s biography, and almost every plot attracts readers’ attention in its own way. Stephen Krensky is one of the authors who present his version of the Bill’s story. The summary of his work will be presented in this paper. To my mind, this Pecos Bill tall tale version touches numerous psychological aspects that help to improve children’s lives and their comprehension of this world. Pacos Bill is the story that teaches not to be afraid of difficulties, be friendly, and not to envy people. Summary of Pecos Bill Nowadays, there are lots of variations of Bill’s story. The summary of all those stories is the same. A boy was lost by his parents in the process of traveling and was found and grew up by coyotes, and then became one of the most powerful and famous cowboys among people. However, many writers cannot come to the same conclusion concerning the matter of Bill’s death. Some of the stories tell that Bill laughed himself to death when he saw another cowboy in very strange and funny clothes. Other stories inform that he “washed down a meal of barbed wire with nitroglycerin” (Haxen, 55). Interpretations of Pecos Bill Bruno Bettelheim was one of the most famous child psychologists and writers in the middle of the 1900s. His The Uses of Enchantment is a beautiful work that may help to analyze the story about the cowboy Bill. This psychologist admits that folktales are created to help modern children to grow up and comprehend what it means to become a hero without any outside help. Pecos Bill, who is able to use his powers, his knowledge, and abilities, becomes influential and known. That is why, according to a child psychologist Bruno Bettelheim, Pecos Bill may be considered as a somewhat successful story for children and their perception of the world. Another professor in psychology and a critique of folktales is Jack David Zipes. He underlines that tall tales should present more reliable information about US history and the development of the events in the form of fiction (Zipes, 193). Pecos Bill’s tall tale introduces several quire exciting facts about the West; this is why Jack Zipes regarded Pecos Bill as a powerful and useful fairy tale for children. My Own Interpretation o
Introduction The labor market is characterized by wage rate differentials. There exists more than one labor market since firms require different types of labor for different jobs and this implies that the demand and supply for labor is different for specific labor time. The wages paid to employees also vary with the labor service provided. If all the firms wanted the same labor, then a common labor market would exist, however, there are variations in labor needs of the firms and employees want different jobs in different firms. These factors have led to payment of different wage rates. This papers seeks to explain the reasons for differences in wage rates and their implication Factors Responsible For Wage Differential There are various factors responsible for different wage rates as explained below. Compensating wage differentials Not all jobs or occupations are the same and the degree or level of risk or injury involved is different in both nature and magnitude. For example, considering the level of risk associated with an occupation such as electrical engineering and teaching is different, an electrical engineer is more prone to death risk as compared to a teacher. However, more often than not, the engineer is paid higher wage to compensate for the risk involved as compared to the teacher. Compensating wage rates are normally applied if the degree of risk associated with the occupation is high or if working conditions are poor. The implication is that there is a tendency for people to want to venture in occupations associated with high risk and even work in poor conditions in pursuit of the additional income that come with such offers. Competition Competition both withi
Abstract Crime has become an issue with many people on their way of life. Crime has been identified as the only way in which people are affected by there on the way of life. It’s through crime that people change their way of living on a daily basis. Crime changes the actions of people and movements of ordinary citizens besides the operations of the criminals. The issues of crime are so severe that the people of the world are supposed to be alert in case of anything or bring exposed to a new environment so as not to be affected by any matter. This has been the trend in the neighborhood with community policing having been put into use at some places (Berg, 2007). All the citizens of a country do value the concept of safety and hence crime should be a way in which these issues are seriously fought and eliminated. It’s through the peaceful coexistence that all the people who make the society are able to live in harmony such as the ordinary citizens, the police, and the politicians among others. Elimination of the offenders from the normal way of life of the various members of society is a means by which the criminal investigation enhances safety in society (Gilbert, 2007). This is the only way in which the criminals are being separated from the ordinary good citizens. The criminals are confined and subjected to the due process of the law. There is full adherence to the law in which the police officers are supposed to get in detail the root of the case and be able to have supportive evidence to the accused person. The law should be followed and the techniques also of the investigations should be used to convict someone for an offense. Complex matters of the investigations should be handled diligently so as to get the details of the crime. Crime is very stressful to the people who have never been exposed to a fearful kind of life hence they are always in dilemma over the occurrence (Hess & Orthman, 2009). Body A criminal investigation is an effort by state agencies to study any information about a crime in order to uncover it. In general, there are three major ways that a criminal can be brought to justice for an act to be considered a crime. First, the criminal may be compelled by his own conscience to make a confession. Second, a law enforcing officer may arrest him while in the act and thirdly a criminal investigat
Mueller’s “The Banality of ‘Ethnic War’” discusses the plausibility of interpreting intrastate conflicts that unfold under nationalist agendas as rooted in the deep-seated ethnic prejudice. The author posits that interpreting ‘ethnic’ conflicts as uncompromising struggles between ethnic groups in their totality or even a significant proportion of said groups is deeply misleading. Instead, Mueller insists that such conflicts are usually waged by relatively small groups of combatants “that purport to fight and kill in the name of some larger entity” while the population stays largely passive. 1 The author assesses election data and popular polls from Yugoslavia in the 1990s to show that, even at the height of nationalist successes, they only had a very moderate popular and electoral support. 2 Similarly, Mueller analyzes the case of the Rwandan genocide of 1994 to highlight that the main participants in the Tutsi killing were relatively small organizations. These included the Hutu-controlled police force, Presidential Guard, and “militia bands… created and trained by Hutu extremists.” 3 The author concludes that the concept of ethnic warfare obscures the fact that ethnic killings are largely perpetrated by small bands of delinquents rather than the population at large. Among other things, the article discusses how ethnic cleansing may open additional recruitment opportunities for the groups involved in it. As the author notes, when a small armed band took control of a given locality, members of the persecuted groups “would usually flee to areas protected by their own ethnic ruffians.” 4 Once ther
Introduction The case of Christopher Simmons shook society in 1993 when underage teenagers executed a brutal premeditated killing and Simmons as the main perpetrator was found guilty and sentenced to the death penalty. After a series of appeals and changing public attitudes, the landmark Supreme Court case of Roper v. Simmons established that capital punishment could not be implemented on defendants younger than 18 at the time of committing a crime. The decision profoundly impacted public perception and the role of youth in the criminal justice system felt to this day Defendant and Crime Background In 1994, Christopher Simmons who was 17 at the time developed a plan with two of his friends to commit burglary and murder Shirley Crook, his neighbor. After one of his friends dropped out, the other two, Simmons and Benjamin broke into the home of Mrs. Crooks where they bound and blindfolded her. Later, they forced her into a vehicle and drove to a bridge at a nearby state park. The perpetrators tied the woman’s hands and feet with electrical wire and wrapped her whole face in duct tape, eventually throwing her off the bridge. The next day, the woman’s husband returned from an overnight trip, finding the break-in reported the crime to the police. Simmons was openly bragging about committing burglary and murder which led to him being reported and arrested by the police. He waived his Miranda rights and right to an attorney, quickly confessing to the crime. Crook’s body was soon discovered, with the cause of death established as drowning (Legal Information Institute, n.d.). Simmons was charged by the state with burglary, kidnapping, stealing, and first-degree murder, seeking the death penalty against him. He openly admitted to planning the events with his friends, believing that nothing would happen since they were all minors. The victim choice was not premeditated but seemingly chosen at random – with the plan of burglarizing, tying the victim, and throwing them off the bridge being the key to the plan. However, Simmons and Crook were involved in a car accident earlier, so when the two recognized each other, Simmons admitted to having confirmed his desire to commit murder (Legal Information Institute, n.d). Due to the strong evidence of the case and Simmons openly collaborating with law enforcement on the details, he was quickly convicted, and the jury recommended a death sentence. Simmons continued to appeal the case citing ineffective counsel, his troubled background, and the mitigating factors of his age. Eventually, the Supreme Court of Missouri changed the sentencing to life imprisonment without parole, at which point the state appealed to the Supreme Court. Supreme Court Case While the Supreme Court does not usually take on criminal cases
Introduction Over the years, there have been changes in the way different classes of people view both leisure and consumption based on their income as well as their lifestyle. Human beings aspire to be recognized by others and to form part of the most respected groups in society. There is therefore a struggle as people aspire to attain higher status and be among the upper class. This paper is going to look at the differences in the two aspects; leisure and consumption among the upper and middle class Americans during the late 19 th century and the last part of the 20 th century. Discussion There are a number of factors that have made the institution of leisure different among the different classes of people. Key among them is the fact that various forms of employment have been a preserve of the upper class, for instance, they have specifically been excluded from industrial occupations and they take up those occupations within which more honor is attached such as the priestly office. The church has been used as a way of expressing social status with the clergy being paid well without necessarily having to do much work. Conspicuous leisure is where people take up leisure activities that show off social status. This has taken different forms with time. An example may be taking long holidays to exotic destinations and getting souvenirs while at it. The aspect of conspicuous leisure was first introduced by an American economist- Thorstein Veblen. During the 19 th century, the upper class would own property such as land but would not take part in manual labor. They spent much of their time on leisure activities. As industrialization took place, the upper class became more useless in society as they mainly consumed but did not take part in the production of goods and services (Veblen, 23). Conspicuous consumption on the other hand takes place among the upper class where they spend money on goods and services that display their wealth or income. The goods are not consumed for their specific utility but rather as a form of attaining status. The status was and continues to be viewed not only through the ownership of property but also through the ownership of persons specifically women. The use of slaves was a form of power and any kind of manual labor was a preserve of the poor in society. The upper class affected various aspects of life. For instance, women were used as trophies and this has continued to happen in modern society where women are used to show a man’s success. Sports such as football have continued to grow only as a result of conspicuous leisure and consumption of the upper class (Veblen, 44). Vicarious leisure and consumption on the other hand are the types of leisure and consumption that developed over the 20 th century where masters used their servants to show off their wealth. The masters give their servants the time and opportunity to take part in leisure activities as a means of showing off their status. The upper class also portrayed vicarious leisure by having non productive labor performed by servants at a fee. Personal services are therefore performed by employees instead of a member of the household (V