ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The main causes of great depression are reduction in purchasing, stock market crash, and banks closures. In 1920s, the new methods of manufacturing and many industries made America’s economy to growl because it was able to produce a lot of raw materials and machinery. Many citizens increased profits especially in the stock market. However, this period took only 8 years and in the ninth year, the economy begun to go down, and this led to fear among the citizens. Thus, great depression was experienced all over and for this reason, the great prosperity was followed by great depression. This paper sheds light on the causes that led to the great depression in America According to Bordo and White, the great depression begun in 1929 and many people suffered because all the businesses had failed in many sectors, including agriculture and banks (45). This led to many people losing their jobs especially the mineworkers; thus, there was reduction in purchasing. Despite the fact that farmers produced many farm goods and products, demand was very low. Those workers in the farms lost their jobs because the farm products prices were too low and the main farmer could not afford to pay the workers. Black employees were the most affected because they were laid off to create vacancies for the whites. People who were employed could not buy produced goods, from either the textile or other industries because their wages were decreased. Parker affirms that due to all the problems it was not easy to circulate money and people who were jobless moved from one place to another throughout the country to look for greener pastures (104). Most of them followed the railroads while boarding trains in the hope to get jobs in other towns. While moving in these towns some opted to live in the shanty towns whose houses were build with cardboard and driftwood. As companies continued to lay off their workers, many problems arose because those who were paying their purchased goods through hire purchase were unable to complete their payments and hence the sellers repossessed them. People were misled by economic prosperity, which was there in early 1920s’, and this is why they bought items on credit and hire purchase to pay for a period of one year or more depending on their salaries. Thomas and Fergusson argue that another main cause of depression was the Stock Market Crash (23). During June and August 1929, the stock market levels increased and reached to the uppermost point. Many economists such as Irving were impressed by the stock prices. However, after the increase, it started dropping slowly but later a huge drop followed and this happened on the months of October and September, but the mo
Authors have a way of captivating a reader’s attention by using words that provide images in one’s mind. Apart from this, words also express tone, rhythm, and also bring out the concept of symbolism. Normally, the reader takes these written words and ingests them. The words used in the short story “I Used to Live Here Once” by Jean Rhys and the poem “Nothing Gold Can Stay” by Robert Frost all come to the same theme: death. Although both of these literary works are of different genres, they both discuss issues surrounding life and death. Additionally, the two categories of literature take one through a journey; the first work of art takes one through the journey of a woman’s spirit while the other literature takes one through the journey of life. Each work is a representation of death and impermanence displayed in different forms of literature. In this paper, I will discuss the two pieces of literature because both works of art move me due to their educative nature and the enlightenment that can be derived after understanding the notion of death. Although each literature portrays the theme differently, it is clear that they have numerous similarities. Therefore, I will also make an elaborative comparison between the two works of art to have an extensive
Introduction We are now at the point in the Gospel of John where Jesus’ Great High Priestly prayer has concluded. The final teachings Jesus gives His disciples at the end of His arrest, trial, and just before His crucifixion are those prayers in the Upper Room. In previous passages, this prayer highlights the close link between the Father and the Son and humanity’s eternal destiny. Because it sets us back, it teaches us to look at the big picture. Jesus does make several specific requests here, but his prayers also carry overarching ideas about the nature of God and God’s broader agenda. Below is a deeper analysis of the scripture John 17:20-26. Literature Review Jesus’ insistence on loving his followers, the Church, easily falls away. Musing on what can be specified, commanded, or forbidden could be expected; it is tempting, but believers must fight it. When they love each other, all disputes can be handled by Christians through conversation 1 . However, there is a requirement for clear communication structures across the organization layers at both the centre and the edges 2 . Without understanding and willingness to hear other points of view, antagonism and disinterest occur. Polarisation is completely problematic. Jesus prioritized love with no wavering or compromise; He saw it as a sign of strength, given that everyone is in his life is still a work in progress. However, now, the foundation has already been established: Disciples have immediate access to God’s love. Christ’s instruction was emphatic: Love thy neighbour. Without that, the community’s compassion, there are no sacrifices. Christianity should be practised by believers everywhere. Jesus not only asked for unity in prayer but also provided a true partnership. As followers give up control, they gradually find that they are needy and capable of connecting with others and reaching out to the world in love. Methodology The main methods used in collecting information used in this paper were discussions, one on one interviews and questionnaires. For questionnaires, I printed easy to fill flyers that I distributed to a sampled number of respondents to get their views on the verses. I used Secondary sources as well. Bible commentary books, journals and articles become significant in this research. Above all, the Holy Bible acted as a reference for all the sources used. Analysis Meaning of John 17:20-26 to readers Jesus prays for our unity; he also acknowledges and rejects the boundaries and differences that divide us. We, our families, our Church and our country, are divided. Female or male, poor or wealthy, straight or gay, English or Hispanic , Believer or Non-believer, liberal or conservative, civilised or uncivilised, old or young , heavenly or earthly, human or divine, s
Introduction Since ages Indians have been more inclined towards tea rather than coffee. As such, marketing coffee in India can be a tough job. But owing to the marketing strategies of companies like Starbucks, a trend of coffee drinking has started picking up, especially among the younger generation. It should be understood that the market trends differ from country to country. The existing managerial literature proves that the marketing strategies available for internalization are not basically the same across cultures (Cayla & Arnould, 2008; Mitra & Golder, 2002). This report analyzes and justifies a marketing plan for the introduction of Starbucks VIA instant coffee into the Indian market. Appendix 1 demonstrates the graphical representation of the marketing plan. VIA instant coffee is a venture that has been over two decades in the making for Starbucks as the corporation readied itself to have a commanding market share in the $21 billion instant coffee market (Business Pundit, n.d.). The major reason behind Starbucks decision to introduce the product is to capture the immense consumer market available in India as the country is home to at least 1.03 billion people and is the second most populated country in the world after China (Johnson & Tellis, 2008). In this report, we shall analyse the performance of Starbucks using SWOT and PESTEL analysing methods. Company Overview, Mission & Objective Starbuck’s principal mission is “…to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighbourhood at a time” (Starbucks Company Profile, 2011 para. 4). Market Analysis/Audit External Audit This kind of audit is done on variables that the organization cannot control. One of the most commonly used tool for analysing the market of any product is PESTEL. It means the Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal aspects that may affect any business. Figure 1: PESTEL Analysis Economic India is currently the fifth largest economy in purchasing power parity, not mentioning its growing middle class and youth with more disposable income (Johnson & Tellis, 2008). Political India is a huge democratic country and the government is engaged in the welfare of its citizens through various economic policies. The infrastructure system of India is becoming better day by day. Technological India is a fast developing country and as such, the modern technological inventions are being adopted in all spheres of life. Social-cultural Starbucks may experience uncertainty avoidance from local consumers due to the predominantly Indian tea-drinking culture. The company may also face a cultural distance between its own marketing strategies and those of its partners in joint ventures (Heerden & Barter, 2008). Mistakes arising from misunderstandings of Starbucks brand names in the speciality coffee industry may als
Introduction Let Me In is an American horror movie that narrates the story about the bullied and reserved boy Owen who meets a girl Abby and develops a friendship; later he finds out that she is a vampire. Owen is very lonely and unhappy because of his parents being divorced and because he does not have friends. He is also harassed by his schoolmates. This is specifically illustrated by the movie scene in the locker room when the main bully Kenny together with this fellows start insulting and beating him claiming that he is not a boy and that he does not swim in the pool because of the fear of being exposed. The scene is quite cruel and realistic as it discloses typical relations between children under the age of twelve where each one wants to prove he is the leader and that he is much stronger than others Respectively, in the scene concerned, the author portrays the characters’ attempts to display their masculinity and prove their superiority and strength. More importantly, the scene presents a wider cultural context depicting typical American school conflicts as well as psychological and gender development where juvenile aggressiveness is the main tool of control and power. In order to render this idea, I need to define the role of cameral angles and light. Then, I will talk about the importance of sound and special effects to disclose the atmosphere of the film. Finally, I am going to define the influence of mis-en-scene to disclose the role of setting and costumes in delivering a wider cultural and social context. Main body Scene Analysis: Discussing Film Language Camera Angles and Light Light and shooting angles are really important for delivering the director’s message. It is obvious that images and words are closely intertwined through connotative and denotative meaning where the former specifically refers to an interpretive nature and largely depends on cultural and social contexts rather than on a literal meaning. This is the so-called social dimension of language that is predominantly used in films to render the main author’s idea (Turner 54). While discussing the film language, the author resorts to specific light effects, color, and camera angles to highlight the above-mentioned aspects and deliver a certain message to the viewers. Particular emphasis is placed on light which is quite heavy, dark, and even gripping and which contribute to thrilling and depressing atmosphere presented in the scene. Owen is, apparently, weaker; he lies in the middle of the locker room whereas bullies are surrounding him, humiliating and looking at him coldly and aggressively. Perhaps, this aggressiveness and enormous efforts to conceal their feelings and emotions are believed to be the wrong images of masculinity, being the result of improper upbringing and false stereotypes. Camera angles and lightning are one of the part of the film signifying systems that contribute greatly to the meaning and important messages. In the scene, Reeves makes use of all possible signifiers to render the stereotypical atmosphere of school violence. Close-ups disclosing Owen’s frightened expression on his face, embittered tone and e
Introduction Many organizations are starting to recognize the need for including their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals to achieve sustainability. Financial profitability is no longer the only measure of a company’s performance. As a result, investors and industry regulators are increasingly assessing the internal and external factors before making a significant decision. Specifically, venturers are focusing on the non-monetary and ethical impacts of an enterprise (Esguevillas, 2020). The objective of this paper is to synthesize the information that two articles written by McMahon and the other by Escrig-Olmedo et al. provide regarding ESG. Similarities of the Sources First, the articles agree that investors are increasingly relying on ESG to make their entrepreneurial decisions. According to McMahon (2020), when he, the author, started a firm, which specialized in producing reports, there were only 300 Canadian companies in need of their services in 2008. Currently, Sustainalytics produces data for tens of thousands of organizations in Australia, North America, Asia, and Europe. The author adds that the most significant change has been in how ratings are produced, in which there has been a heightened increase in the ESG ratings. Similarly, Escrig-Olmedo et al. (2019) note that about ten years ago, only the small firms were interested in such information. Many large organizations are now seeking service after recognizing that ESG is a better indicator of sustainability, reputation, and forecast. Secondly, both articles recognize that ratings are essential for internal benchmarking, decision-making, sustainability, and performance enhancement. MacMahon (2020) explains that the Sustainalytics company classifies each firm into the existing 138 industries with their respective risks. The implication is that the information can be used to rate the level that an individual company is at based on the threats and the performance of rivals. For instance, in the mining industry, the issue of carbon emission is bound to surfaces. The company will also assess the specifics of the company to understand the degree of risk exposure. Given the thoroughness of the process, the financial departments can make informed choices. The other significance is that once the company’s weaknesses have been identified, the organization can make positive adjustments. Likewise, the paper written by Escrig-Olmedo et al. (2019) recognizes that research agencies provide benchmarks to their clients. The firms have integrated various criteria to enhance robustness and accuracy (Escrig-Olmedo et al., 2019). All the efforts that are being made make it easy to make the right investment decisions. One of the key principles to observe when using ESG is to balance between the long-term and the short-term effects in what Escrig-Olmedo et al. (2019) refer to as the intergenerational perspective. Companies are also competing to improve their performances, thus achieving good ratings. Thirdly, the articles agree that one of the most signifi
Summary The tomb of the young pharaoh Tutankhamun is one of the most significant archaeological finds in the exploration of Ancient Egypt. It is located in the Valley of the Kings and was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter (Sambuelli et al. 1). This tomb is referred to as KV62 in standard Egyptological designation (Sambuelli et al. 1). Compared to other royal tombs in the Valley of the Kings, Tut’s tomb is less richly decorated and contains fewer artifacts. Additionally, some objects, including the sarcophagus and shrine, were likely created for the burial of another deceased but were hastily used for Tutankhamun. This fact is associated with the pharaoh’s early and probably sudden death, which required the builders and decorators to arrange the tomb quickly. The most valuable aspect of the tomb is the wall paintings that reflect the religious views of the Egyptians, as well as explain burial rituals and beliefs about the Afterlife. The tomb of Tutankhamun also displays many artifacts that have ritual significance. The most notable of these is the golden mask and quartz sarcophagus containing the pharaoh’s coffins and mummies. The Valley of the Kings The Valley of the Kings is located on the east coast of the Nile near the city of Luxor. It is the largest collection of royal and elite tombs of the Ancient Egyptians, created during the New Kingdom (1500-1100 BC) (Handwerk, para. 2). The particularly dry conditions of this location were perfect for preserving the mummified remains. The Valley of the Kings is the burial place of the most famous pharaohs, including Seti I, Ramses II, and Tutankhamen, as well as the queens, priests, and elites of the 18th, 19th and 20th dynasties (Handwerk, para. 3). Rühli et al. note that in later periods (950–850 BC), “many tombs being subsequently reused by lesser elites” (1). The tombs located in the Valley of the Kings also have developed underground parts. The Valley of the Kings is full of artifacts, making it an attractive destination for both archaeologists and robbers. Despite the fact that as early as 1912, researchers considered it to be fully exhausted, Howard Carter, in 1922, discovered the most significant and fascinating tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun (Rühli et al. 1). This discovery was the last of the discovered tombs in the Valley of the Kings. Since then, archeologists have been exclusively describing and documenting the already known artifacts and monuments in this location. The Coffin Description Before proceeding to the description of the coffins of Tutankhamun, it is necessary to pay attention to the sarcophagus, which is a unique example of the funeral traditions of the New Kingdom. The sarcophagus is made of brown quartzite and pink granite, but the combination of these materials was rather forced due to the limited time or materials available (Edwards). On the sarcophagus of Tutankhamun, one can see the figures of four god
The problem of intimate partner violence is one of the most acute issues of our time. The recognition of the frequency of abuse, as well as its devastating impact on both individual and family well-being, is one of the key points in addressing this issue. The majority of specialists dealing with the problem of domestic violence agree that ill-treatment between loved ones is caused by a set of factors, among which it is difficult to distinguish the dominant one. These include: the socio-economic status of the aggressor and victim, experiencing and observing violence during childhood, alcohol abuse in the family, low self-esteem of family members, and verbal aggression. Consequently, the emergence of crisis situations is influenced by both objective reasons and individual personality traits. Often the community accepts the notion that domestic violence is exceptional only as violence against women, without taking into account the full range of empirical evidence available from research. However, men become victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) almost as often as women. According to numerous researchers, domestic violence is not confined to marginalized groups of the population. It has been shown that violence is more common in families of drug addicts or alcohol abusers (Dim and Elabor-Idemudia, 2017, p. 5). However, even in the wealthiest segments of society, domestic violence is not uncommon. The process of interaction between family members, the ability to overcome conflicts and disagreements at early stages by means of mutual concessions displays of tolerance towards each other play an important role as well. Discussion Despite the broad scope of existing research on the issue, the problem of domestic violence has been distorted and politicized. For example, most of the reports on domestic violence refer exclusively to women and children as victims of abuse (Dim and Elabor-Idemudia, 2017, p. 4). The reports are keeping silent about the possible negative consequences
Introduction It is not a secret that migration has always played a significant role in people’s lives. Paul Morland, in his book The Human Tide: How Population Shaped the Modern World , describes demographic changes caused by migration and how they affected the formation of certain countries. In this paper, the argument and supporting evidence provided by the author of the book will be discussed. Also, information on the perception of global political power that is shaped by the book will be presented. In addition, the main points, including the strengths and weaknesses of Morland’s work, will be demonstrated and analyzed. Main body The main argument of the book is that the population of the world has played a significant role in world history and affected the course of global politics. Morland argues that the primary events of history, such as the emergence of the Soviet Union or World Wars, were caused by the mass transition of the population. The argument of the author is quite convincing, as Morland provides a number of evidence to support his thoughts. Thus, the author asserts that the reason why Europe started sending its population abroad in the 19th century, trying to expand its territory was the increasing number of residents (Morland 128). For the same reason, the Middle East is experiencing issues related to demographic changes. The population of some Arab countries is constantly growing due to the natural increase and crisis in Syria. Unfortunately, military activities on the territory of Syria caused the influx of refugees to the neighboring countries (Van Dam 44). As a result, the host states have to stick to a certain political strategy, which reduces the states’ maintenance costs for providing health care services, education, and humanitarian aid to newcomers. The author continues to prove that the population is a driving force that defines historical changes and political direction in the world. He gives an example of China as a country with rapid population growth. Trying to solve the issue of overcrowding, the state introduced a number of restrictions regarding the number of children people should have (Goodkind 1376). In addition, the Chinese government leads a strategic international policy that implies building strong relationships with neighboring countries based on mutual support and economic collaboration. This strategy is used to ensure the smooth and peaceful “invasion” of Chinese people to the territory of neighboring states in case if the overcrowding in China achieves its maximum peaks. Therefore, it is obvious that the population plays a significant role in defining the course of global politics. The ideas described in the book complement and support the perception of global political power that was formed due to the other readings of this course. It proves the thoughts that the main trigger of any political action is people. However, it has some differences compared