ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Case conceptualization is a common technique utilized by family therapists supporting the structural family therapy approach. Salvador Minuchin and colleagues initially developed the method to explain “how families maintain problematic behaviors while also providing direction for how to intervene in the family system” (Reiter, 2016, p. 25). Structural family therapy divides families into subsystems and gradually restructures family organization to create functional interaction patterns (Reiter, 2016). The present paper offers an example of case conceptualization of a family presented in the video “A House Divided: Structural Therapy with a Black Family” by Harry Aponte (n.d.). Family Background The present paper focuses on the family of three, including the father of the family, Carl, the mother of the family, Rosalind, and their ten-year-old son. The initial concern of the parents was the fact that their son was caught stealing in the store. The clients are a middle-class African American family, and the child is not known to have any mental or health conditions. Carl communicates neither with the child nor with Rosalind regarding the upbringing of their child. The relationship between father and child is restricted to occasional punishments for inappropriate behavior. Rosalind tries her best to develop positive values in the child; however, she fails to do so. Conceptualization of the Family The family members are disengaged interpersonally and experience pressure due to legal problems after their child was caught stealing from a store. According to Reiter (2016), a case should be conceptualized using the 6P technique, which is problem, process, pattern, proximity, power, and possibility. The central problem is that the parents prefer to live separate lives and display repetitive dysfunctional behavioral patterns that negatively affect the psychological well-being of the child. The family process is also dysfunctional in terms of upbringing the child, as the parents do not share their concerns about the child’s behavior and do not have a shared set of values that would guide decision-making. As for patterns, the parents tend to punish the child for misbehavior rather than addressing the core of the problem. When speaking of proximity, the family members are distant from each other and rarely realize themselves as members of the family. As for power, it is not shared by the parents for functional relationships with their child. Instead, the father of the family holds all the power, and the mother subdues to him while the child r
Abstract Immigration refers to the movement of people from one area to another mainly in search of greener pastures such as employment and investment opportunities. America as is known is a country that is made up of different communities and cultures. More than 80 percent of America’s population comprises of immigrants from different parts of the world with a small portion of the population being representative of the indigenous communities. Immigration to America is said to have had very serious consequences both positive and negative and especially on the economy of the country. This discussion will look at the various ways in which immigration has had an effect on the economy of America. Further, this discussion will also look at the economics of Mexico focusing on the growth of the Mexican economy. Background Information Since time immemorial, immigration to America has remained a common phenomenon and with time, the number of immigrants keeps rising. Some of them have entered the soil of America legally while others are illegal immigrants but the bottom line is that the number keeps going up by the day. The immigrants have affected the economy of America in both positive and negative ways. On one hand, the immigrants have provided the very much needed labor thereby helping the economy expand since the source of labor is not imported (Conrad 98). Secondly, the taxes they pay as well as the consumer goods they use help in generating income for the federal government and this has helped the country’s economy remain top and stable among competing world economies such as that of China, India, Brazil and the United Kingdom. Impacts of Immigrants Positive Impacts One of the issues that has been brought about in regards to the immigrants who come to America is the fact that compared to the citizens of this country; they tend to pay an amount less in terms of taxes to the federal government (Kposowa 98). This has been said to affect the economy of the country negative considering that the immigrant population in America forms the greater percentage of the entire population. In addition, the average immigrant in America receives more in terms of social services than an American citizen. These are some of the issues of contention that many and especially American citizens have. The beneficial impact of immigrants coming to America is the fact that they have provided labor especially in industries and construction sectors and this has seen the government reduce considerably the amount of money they would have spent on imported labor (Kposowa 98). As a result, companies have expanded and this has been a big plus for the economy of the country. Negative Impacts One issue however that has been brought out by those who are opposed to have immigrants in America is that these people have literally taken over the position of the American citizens. It is argued that the jobs held by the immigrants rightly belong to the American citizens and therefore the immigrants have sort of hijacked all that which belongs to the citizens if America. The opponents therefore argue that industries should give more in terms of payment to the American workers ther
Is Educational Achievement the Result of Natural Talent? Many educational approaches maintained in educational establishments are based on the principle of encouraging students to engage in the learning activity and stimulate their interest in academic subjects. At the same time, children with high capabilities sometimes have increased attention on the part of teachers and receive all the necessary help, while students with insufficiently outstanding learning indicators do not have appropriate incentives. Quite often, natural talent is called one of the key aspects of educational achievements and is believed to guarantee unique opportunities to those children who perform outstanding knowledge. Nevertheless, when considering innate abilities as the main success factor, the coordinators of the educational process forget about other components of learning – diligence, hardworking, craving for knowledge, and other elements of success. This work is aimed at identifying additional incentives that can improve the academic performance of students, and the potential negative outcomes of supporting exceptionally talented children. The educational system based on the assessment of natural talent as the fundamental component of success is doomed to regress since no efforts are made to arouse students’ interest in scientific disciplines. Implications of the Opinion on the Uniqueness of Natural Talent Sticking to the standpoint of the uniqueness of natural talent as the major component of educational achievement is controversial for several factors. The academic environment in which students do not receive proper stimuli is characterized by poor progress or its complete absence. Certainly, innate capabilities are a valuable source for helping children to perceive learning materials and remember them better. However, without proper background and additional classes, talent can turn into a negative side. It is essential to help children understand that without any efforts, no ability will develop into important attainments. According to Olszewski-Kubilius, Subotnik, and Worrell (2015), “the talent development process involves several key transitions whereby potential is developed into competencies, competencies into expertise, and expertise to eminence” (p. 195). Consequently, innate skills are the basic stage of success, and their development is the integral part of learning in any academic environment. Another argument in support of the limitless possibilities of natural talent lies in motivation. In case pupils do not have relevant goals and do not seek to find the ways of implementing them, even high capabilities will not help them to achieve academic success. Johnsons, Crosnoe, and Elder (2001) give an example of an educational environment with minority students and argue that their motivation is often higher than that of most of their peers
Art in its various forms often becomes a leading theme in the works of different authors. The latter do not stop investigating the mysteries of this human skill to produce an aesthetic result. The poem of Elizabeth Bishop titled One Art is also concerned with this problem. But it focuses on a rather peculiar art form that the author herself invents. The poem is concerned with “the art of losing” (Bishop Line 1). The concept of loss is examined by the author through different perspectives and is shadowed by the pain and sadness that she experiences. The main claim that Bishop makes is that “The art of losing isn’t hard to master” (Line 1). What strikes the reader at once is that losing something is considered art by the author. And like any other art, it needs to be mastered by the one engaged in it. Contrary to the author’s statement about the art of loss that she repeats in four stanzas out of six the point of the poem is that the art of losing is hard to deal with, but as one commonly faces this problem he or she becomes more and more proficient in it. The line “the art of losing’s not hard to master” that is often repeated by Bishop makes the reader think of her losses. At the beginning of the poem, the author is rather careless about losing objects. She argues that losing is not a big deal and is a too trivial thing to pay much attention to. But as the poem goes on, Bishop realizes that she had lost so much. Though she does not speak directly of
With the intuitive design and powerfully packed innovative and easy to use features, Samsung’s Instinct is certainly giving the apple iPhone a run for its money. (Dumas, 2008). Though it lacks Wi-Fi and instant messaging facility with at times erratic video quality still the advantages the Instinct has over iPhone are quite large to bridge. (Samsung vs. apple iPhone, 2008). Though both look similar, some of the feature distinctions they have are very interesting. The Instinct has its own brand of visual voice mail, and it offers 3G network compatibility, integrated GPS in addition to email support. Though Apple’s latest iPhone series seems to match Instinct for all the claimed strength, Instinct always scored over by virtue of better capability in multimedia messaging, voice dialing, and video recording. Design Instinct has a very eye-catching design but is a little taller and fatter than iPhone. However, its front face measurements give it a thinner feel. With a specified weight of 4.4 ounces, it gives a very sturdy feel and a strong appearance. The hardware operations that are primarily related to sending and receiving calls in both types of phones are quite different. iPhone uses GSM connection while Instinct depends on CDMA technology. The simpler color choices in grey and black could impress anyone at first sight in the first look itself. The support it gives for 2,62,000 colors and 4,32,240 pixel resolutions makes its display abilities simply awesome. The graphic component is wonderful but it restricts our freedom to change the menu and texting font. Even then one could adjust the backlighting and brightness to match his/her visual comfort level. Still, Instinct is not without any discomfort on these lines – video viewing and web browsing could experience a bit of cramming. (The product summary, 2008). The iPhone has only one button on the face while the Instinct has three. Instincts menu is very simple and attractive and is designed in four icons at the bottom, namely- Favs, main, web, fun. The Favs or favorites allows to store the most preferred functions, The Menu carries the functions for messaging, an organizer in addition to the GPS features inbuilt in it. Fun is exclusive for games and entertainments, multimedia, camera, etc. The numeric keypads are larger and the ability to save the presence of a dedicated save key to store new phone numbers makes the process more comfortable. The major inconvenience is the small size of the letters on the numeric key which would be a testing time for people with light visual impairme
Introduction Charles Chesnutt is a short story writer cum novelist who was born in 1858. He was an African born in America, and he can be considered as one of the most influential African American writers. He wrote fiction stories in the 19th and 20th centuries most of them talking about the problems faced by the blacks in a white country. Chesnutt was born in Cleveland by African American who emigrated from the south (Wilson 2). He has published many books, and one of them is The wife of His Youth which was written in 1899. This story explores the moral conflicts and strain experienced by people of mixed-races who lived near the color line. The title of this story implicitly registers the difficulties that are always evident in the relations between the “vernacular” and “mainstream” cultures in America (Chesnutt 4). The Blue veins society Chesnutt’s story of the color line begins; Mr. Ryder was going to give a ball”. Mr. Ryder, as we find in this story, was the dean of the Blue Vein Society based in Groveland (this was a fictional city referring to Cleveland where Chesnutt was born). The Blue vein is a society made up of the black which was set up after the war of the late 19th century to maintain right social principles among the races which were considered minor by the white. Chesnutt describes this society with sarcasm as he states, “the society consisted of individuals who were, generally speaking, more white than black” (Chesnutt, “The wife of his youth” 1). Some of the members who were not favored in this society made suggestions that only the white people who would show white veins would join the community. That is the reason why the society was referred to as the blue vein society, and the members were called the Blue veins. To some extent, this society was established on biological and cultural criteria. It is compromised by the tendency of Americans of the 19th century to make distinctions based on color. In some essence, it was a kind of racism of the white supremacy where people were taught to despise people who are not of their color. This is illustrated clearly in the story when Mr. Ryder is allowed to speak, he says, “I have no race prejudice, but we people of mixed blood are ground between the upper and the nether millstone” (Chesnutt, “The wife of his youth” 3). He continues to say that their fate is torn between being absorbed by the white or extinct by the black. The bequest of the late 19th-century war The story, “The Wife of His Youth” is about the bequest of the war of the late 19th century. Mr. Ryder who is the star separated with his wife because of the war, and it had been over twenty-five years since they were together. He happens to be in love with Mrs. Dixon, a widow from Washington who had gone to visit friends in Groveland but decided to stay indefinitely. On t
Introduction Consumer behavior is influenced by a complex interplay of many factors. It is deep-rooted in psychology with dashes of sociology thrown in for the sake of determining whether the buyer will decide to purchase or not purchase a product or a brand. Consumer behavior is explained in terms of the actions of the buyers as well as the different approaches someone may take to decide what to purchase and the decision-making process, which can be affected by a variety of factors all relevant to the perspective of the consumer. Consumers generally exhibit different pre-purchase, purchase, and post-purchase behavioral patterns. This paper gives an illustration of consumer behavior based on my shopping diary. Before going shopping-computer The first product I intended to purchase was a personal computer. I wanted to buy it for several reasons. First, I wanted to upgrade it from an older version. This is because as technology advances, an older computer will make me be left behind since software will not be able to function properly and newer peripherals may become incompatible. Secondly, I wanted to increase my productivity by getting faster access to the information available online. Lastly, I wanted to purchase it out of necessity. This is because my current status as a student requires me to have a better computer to carry out my studies effectively. Before buying the computer, I had some predispositions about computers due to the experiences I had with the older version I was having. I was aware of the significant differences that exist among the different brands. However, due to advances in technology, I did not know about the new category of products in the market hence I had much to learn. Therefore, there were some attributes I did not know how to look for. Most of the product attributes, for example, “BASIC language,” conveyed no meaning to me. Thus, to avoid the possibility of making a wrong purchase decision, I decided to go with a friend who had some knowledge of these attributes. After shopping-computer At the shopping store, my companion and I encountered a sales representative, who assisted us to know about the attributes of the product class, their relative importance, and the reasons why we were to choose the Hp brand. We noticed that the features of the Hp brand were properly differentiated to influence the buyers to purchase the brand. However, my final decision to purchase the brand was highly influenced by the experiences of my comp
Terrorism is without doubt the most addressed security threat of this century. The ensuing response to this threat by both the developed and developing countries raises many questions. Terrorism dates back to 66AD when the first terrorism-like incidences were first witnessed in Palestine. Therefore, terrorism is not in way a new phenomenon. However, there have been disagreements over what really constitutes terrorism. This is because acts of terrorism and acts of war are often hard to distinguish. For instance, in the 1980s the United States’ government joined ranks with the Islamist group Mujahedeen when the group was battling the Soviet Army (Glassner, 1999). This group later transformed itself to the modern day Taliban. Currently, there are various threats to national security other than terrorism. Given the current situation, it is often questioned whether terrorism is an actual serious threat to international and national security. This paper will argue that terrorism is just one security threat among other threats. Therefore, it is not a serious security threat to both national and international security. Terrorism is defined as the “threat of violence and use of fear to coerce, persuade, and gain public attention” (Williams, 2008). Given this definition of terrorism, it is important to investigate the perception of this threat. It is a fact that terrorists pose a threat to the United States. However, this is just a threat among other threats. These other threats can be defined using past statistics. In the United States, traffic accidents are the leading cause of non-violent deaths. The number of such deaths was over three hundred and eighty thousand in the period between 1999 and 2007. The leading cause of violent deaths during this same period was suicide followed by homicide both recording over a hundred thousand incidences each (Williams, 2008). The numbers for terrorism during this same period were less than three thousand. These numbers do not explain the position of terrorism as a leading security threat. Instead, they diminish the likelihood of terrorism being a serious security threat. The impact of terrorism on human lives is almost negligible compared to other causes of death. For example, homicides through firearms accounted for over one hundred thousand deaths. These statistics would prioritize the gun control issue over terrorism. Statistics indicate a pattern of exaggeration in regards to terrorism. According to records, there have been less than five terror incidences in the United States over the last twenty-five years. This is excluding incidences of “attempted” terrorist attacks. These statistics are further prove that the issue that has dominated the list of serious security threats is rarer than incidences of political assassinations. Those opposing this argument are of the view that the magnitude of terror
Francisco Franco was a Spanish general who gained power over Spain in 1936 just before the Spanish Civil War and stayed the Spanish leader until he died in 1975. Totalitarian nationalistic features characterize Franco’s political regime. However, they were slowly changing towards somewhat democratic values in the 60s and the 70s. Franco’s attitude towards his political opponents was hard and pushing. The politically motivated actions, violent in the majority of cases (Lázaro 40) caused the death of more than 400,000 people during the rule of Franco (Richards 11). Franco also proclaimed the policy of nationalism and unification of the Spanish nation, trying to make it monolith and suppressing every attempt to separate Spain on ethnic, language, or cultural basics. The means might be questionable, but the attempt to bring and hold Spain together might be considered as successful as well as the pushing and strict social and economic policy resulted in Spanish Miracle and unemployment reduction to zero in 1974. The attitude to Franco in modern Spanish society is a complex debatable question, as there are many ways to look at and explain his deeds for Spain at different times of her history under Franco, as well as from different points of view. I have interviewed five different people of different ages and occupations to find out what is the overall attitude to Francisco Franco in modern Spain and his role for Spain in general. Pilar, a sixty-four-year-old woman, believes that Franco’s influence on Spain was more of a positive than of a negative kind. She says that Franco’s hand was strong enough to keep his course in the difficult times that the world struggled in the 30s and the 40s. The neutrality line of behavior that Spain kept saved it from communists as it could fall under the Soviet influence after WWII was finished. Moreover, in the 60s and the 70s, the regime brought social and economic prosperity, as everyone had a job and a more or less stable way of life and income. The flexibility of Franco’s international policy and his well-thought actions on the international arena allowed Spain to gain support from countries that belonged to different sides, says Tueruel, a forty-five-year-old Portero, partially supporting Pilar’s point of view. Gaining support from both Communists and Na