ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The term alienation in its broader sense means separating or disassociating a person from his attachments in unfriendly manner. In social perspective, it means eliminating the harmony that a person has with his social being. Alienation according to Karl Marx’s theory means separating the man from his social or human nature brought about by the capitalist nature of labor (Wood. 1987). It is a more political as well as economic and social approach that describes the challenges of man in losing control of his life through capitalism. On religious perspective, Karl Marx describes alienation as God’s seizure of human life such that man has no control of himself, yet man seeks to find happiness from religion which is just illusionary and incapable of solving human suffering. Discussion Contemporary sociologists have expressed alienation as the loss of control in life of the individual, making him becomes powerless, socially isolated and self estranged. In labor context, the person losses control of his work, see his work as meaningless and he fails to understand himself well as a worker. This means that the social aspect of the human nature is violated making an individual view his work as meaningless. Marx’s theory of alienation tends to express division of labor as problem that usurps man control of his human nature. Under this division of labor, Marx notes exploitation of man by the capitalists and identifies four elements that encompass economic alienation namely; alienation of man from product of his labor, alienation of man from production, alienation of man from the species human, and alienation of man from other men (wood, 1987). In alienation of man from product of his labor, the case of objectification comes in with the objects being produced by man being taken away from him by the capitalist, sold and the benefit goes to the capitalist. Thus man has no control on what he produces or application of his labor, which is viewed as a commodity. Alienation of man from production process means that man denounces himself and immerses his whole self into production activity with no fulfillment of his human creativity. In other words, man just works to eke a living and he only feels being himself when not working. The alienation of man from species-being according to wood (1987), is the basis of all other forms of alienation as production of objects/commodities through a production process and in association with other human being proves the man’s human potential. Deprivation of this species-being leaves man working in a robotic form as the only way he can be viewed important by the capitalist and his human nature is ignored. Alienation from other men means that the relationship of man with other social beings is only related to the work but social human part of it is taken away by the capitalist. Conclusion The solution to this problem according to Karl Marx is communism. He suggests removal of the private property ownership and stresses the creation of universal freedom. in this communism, social planning should be enforced whereby all individuals have jointly participate in planning and decision making about production an
Introduction Fourth grade is the fourth year of school for students after kindergarten. Students in this grade have ages of between nine and ten years. Teachers must use effective educational strategies and instructional methods in teaching English Language Arts. This discussion explores the strategies and methods of instruction that the teachers can use in order to ensure comprehension and application of the content by fourth grade students. The strategies used should also ensure that the students perform well in the New York State English Language Arts test. The teachers should also use teaching strategies that ensure that the New York English Learning Standards for fourth grade are met. Learning and applying the English Language Arts content English Language Arts is supposed to polish the reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills of students. At each grade, there are certain expectations that students should meet in their mastery of the English language. At fourth grade, students have already learnt reading, writing, listening and speaking skills from earlier grades. They use these skills to comprehend more complex texts. In order to sufficiently master English Language Arts in this grade, the students need to be exposed to opportunities that will enable them to have active involvement in reading, research, speaking, and thinking about relevant topics in their grade. Fourth grade teachers should incorporate games and interesting activities in their lessons in order to capture the attention of the students and t
Achilles is one of the main heroic characters presented in Homer’s The Iliad , who is remarkable not only because of his feats but also because of his passionate nature. The character of Achilles is associated with such feelings and emotions as intense anger, deep love, great pride, and extreme grief (Konstan 12). Achilles’ passionate character and impulsive actions can be explained with references to the meaning of Achilles’ name. Thus, Achilles’ name is “etymologically related to the concept of one who suffers pain or grief” because of including such components as ‘akhos’ and ‘laos’ that mean ‘grief’ and ‘fighting men’ (McCoy 19). In spite of the fact that there are debates on the etymological character of Achilles’ name, the role of the hero’s name is significant to predict his fate and behavior because the hero’s grief associated with the people’s destiny directs Achilles’ actions; and this connection can be demonstrated with references to the hero’s reactions to the death of Patroklos, to the threat of the defeat for the Greeks, and to Priam’s words. While discussing the meaning of Achilles’ name and referring to such its components as ‘akhos’ and ‘laos’, researchers are inclined to translate and interpret the name as the ‘grief of the people.’ Thus, Achilles’ name is important to accentuate not only the hero’s personal grief but also his ability to understand the collective grief (King 54). Furthermore, some researchers choose to focus on the interpretation of ‘akhos’ as not only ‘grief’ but also as pain, sorrow, and despair (Zanker 22). From this perspective, the epic hero represents a range of strong emotions associated with the period of war and the people’s desire for winning prosperity and emphasizing honor (Becker 139). The sorrow which is in Achilles’ heart is not his personal grief, but it is a pain and suffering for the fates of all the Greeks because of the necessity of the Trojan War (Homer 1.430-459). That is why it is possible to discuss Achilles as the representation of all the pain experienced by the Greeks, and moreover, as the representation of the hero who not only feels the pain of the people but also responds to it while acting and winning. The death of Patroklos became a trigger that made Achilles feel acute pain and demonstrate all his grief and anger in the desire for revenge. In spite of the fact that Achilles suffered from the loss of his honor in the painful conflict with Agamemnon, the hero concentrated on the personal grief and turned it against the Trojans to reflect the grief of the Greek people. When the hero learned about the death of Patroklos, “a black cloud of grief came shrouding over Achilles” (Homer 18.25). It seemed that Achilles lost control, and he “lay there, fallen … tearing his hair, defiling it with his own hands” (Homer 18.30). Finally, Achilles “loosed a terrible, wrenching cry” (Homer 18.39). This cry made the Trojans tremble because of its intensity. The death of Patro
The movie Confessions of a Shopaholic (2013) was directed by P. J. Hogan and edited by William Goldenberg. Editing plays an important role in any movie, and it is particularly noticeable in Confessions of a Shopaholic. The title explicitly states what the movie is about, and the viewer is expecting to see a film related to shopping as well as a main character addicted to such a habit. As a result, editing and scene changes are important parts of the effect that the director wanted to exercise on the viewers. A first important part of the movie is the way one scene leads into another. Scene transition familiarizes the audience with spatial features and creates a sense of connection to the surrounding world. The opening scene starts with a long and continuous shot showing people trying on shoes. The first several minutes of the movie have interchanging scenes; these are long and continuous shots of Rebecca looking at the shoes and understanding that she has to buy them. The slowing down of speed creates an intimate moment where Rebecca is enchanted with the shoes. The movie makes use of quick transitions when Rebecca is shown to be lost in her habit, misunderstood and searching for a way to stop her negative behavior. The feeling of having such a close relationship with clothes can be seen when there is a quick transition or change of the items shown to the viewer. The switch from one piece of clothing to another accentuates the enormous number of possible garments, and large amount of money needed to satisfy a hunger for fashion. All Rebecca can think of doing is sitting in the store and picking out clothing (Bruchheimer, 2013). The graphic relations are also widely present in the movie. There is a contrast between some grey and unhappy routine and going on a shopping spree. Thus the contrast between simple routine and shopping is made even more noticeable. A sad and uneasy look on Rebecca’s face when she sees the bills is reflected in and supported by the background, illustrating depressed and lost mood. Rebecca’s inner peace is disturbed by her behavior, and the change of mood from being happy and smiling is caused by seeing someone who is deeply saddened. Looking out the window, onto the street, creates a sense of separation between the two worlds. The viewer inside the store sees one thing while people on the street cannot see well what is going on inside. The hard and concrete walls separating the two worlds are shown with particular contrast to the frail nature of clothes and seem to block a person from the rest of the world, engulfing the souls in cold stone without any feelings and sympathy. Contrast is created by showing Rebecca spending her time with her clothing, while the time apart reinforces the view that they are inseparable, and she cannot help worrying when she is away from her clothes. When numerous clothes are shown, the interchange and interplay of colors create such a situation where there is an overlap of many different types of graphic representations. Another part which show
Martinez is a Mexican-American who writes about the current national debate into immigration using the las posadas of Mexican tradition as a metaphor for those North Americans who “turn away” from their sense of humanity. As President Bush advocated the “guest worker” legislation over the Christmas period Martinez cleverly chose a parable that has deep meanings for both North Americans and Mexicans – the narrative of Mary and Joseph seeking refuge and being turned away on the night of Christ’s birth. The choice of parable is apt given the season and that both nations embrace Christianity as part of its social philosophy. A core principle of Christianity is compassion and being there for others. Similarly to the experiences of Mary and Joseph so long ago, illegal immigrants in the USA are stereotyped as potential “thieves” and socially excluded from the mainstream community. Like many immigrants from Mexico, Mary and Joseph’s story has many present day parallels; not being welcomed by the wider community because of their poverty status (immigrants tend to live in rural areas or on the fringe of townships; Mary and Joseph were not able to find lodging in the town of Bethlehem); sub-standard housing (many immigrants are transient farmers living in make-shift shelters, vans or decrepit housing; Mary and Joseph were relocated to a stable); and poor sanitation and over-crowding (the norm for immigrants is to have extended family groups living together and western houses are not built for families beyond the norm of four to five; Mary and Joseph shared their accommodation with a myriad of barnyard animals). Martinez also points to the irony of North Americans, most immigrants themselves (i.e., at least those not of Native American heritage) have such hostility toward immigrants. It is self-evident from historical records that North Americans have had a “contradictory relationship” with immigrants which have
Introduction HäagenDazs is a brand within Nestlé Company that sells ice cream. The brand was founded by Reuben and Rose Mattus in the year 1961. The brand has grown to open franchises in many other countries across the world, despite the fact that the brand was founded in the United States of America (Smith 123). The aim of this research paper is to develop a marketing plan that can be used to expand HaagenDazs market in Istanbul. Marketing plan to Expand HaagenDazs market in Istanbul A marketing plan is a very important aspect in any business organization. It represents the business plan, as well as the strategy that the organization wants to use in marketing its products and expanding its current market (Westwood 25). Therefore, the marketing plan should include actions that the organization wishes to take in achieving its objectives (Sun 167). HäagenDazs is yet to be fully accepted in Istanbul despite having stores in the city. The company has only two stores at the moment and there is need to expand the market in order to increase its sales and profitability. Therefore, the company needs to find ways in which it can expand the market and make the brand recognized and widely accepted. Among the reasons why it has become recognized in Istanbul is tourism. In increasing the acceptability of the brand in Istanbul, it is important to first consider the cultural factors in the city and in the country as well since the culture of a society determines what can be accepted and what is not acceptable.
The word monster is derived from the Latin language; in particular, one can speak about the root monare which can be translated as to reveal or to show . Overall, one can argue that monstrosity is one of the things that attract the attention of many writers who often describe people’s reaction to something that they consider to be ugly or inconceivable. Furthermore, they often contrast the feelings of an individual and the reaction of others. This paper is aimed at discussing several short stories by different authors, namely The Monster written by Toby Litt, Lusus Naturae by Margaret Atwood and A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. It is important to discuss what kind of things the main characters show that other characters and to the readers. These are the main questions that should be analyzed in greater detail. Overall, it is possible to argue that the each of the protagonists has a very complex inner world, but it is revealed only to the readers, but to other people. This contrast is emphasized by different writers. At first, one can look at the Toby Litt’s story The Monster in which the author describes the experiences of a creature that has no memory of the past events. However, due to some reasons this character suspects that it is a monster. It should be noted that the writer continuously uses the pronoun “it” when speaking about the protagonist. This is one of the details that immediately attract attention of the readers. The opening sentence of the short story eloquently illustrates the experiences of this creature; in particular, Toby Litt writes “The monster didn’t know what it was – what kind of monsters or even now and again, whether a monster at all” (Litt 241). It should be noted that Toby Litt speaks about a creature that cannot see its own reflection. Yet, the author reveals some details about the protagonist. For example, this monster learns that it can be gentle and that it does not want to harm anything (Litt 241). More importantly, this creature is able to assess its behavior fr
Definition of CSR According to Baker (2004), corporate social responsibility (also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience, sustainable responsible business, or social performance) simply refers to “how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society.” In this definition, Baker emphasizes that companies need to fundamentally answer to two major aspects of their operations. Firstly, they must be answerable about the quality of their management and secondly, they must answer about the nature of their operations and the impact to the society. Different regions have their own customized understanding of CSR based on the differences in occurrences and endeavors in their areas. For example, in USA, CSR is mostly viewed in terms of a “philanthropic model” where companies conduct their businesses with the aim of making profits and contributing to charitable causes as a showing that they are responsible in the corporate world (Baker, 2004). In Europe, the concept of the ‘end justifying the means” allegedly opined in USA’s CSR practices, is replaced by the exact opposite where “the means justifies the end” (Lattemann et al., 2009). Studies in Africa and Australia are still inconclusive because only a handful of researches have been done (Idemudia, 2011). In UAE and Asia, however, studies show that there is a hybrid of the US and European Models thus different countries in these regions viewing CSR differently (Ihlen et al., 2011). Notably, all these definitions assert that stakeholders and shareholders play a vital role in CSR practices of any industry. It is with this in mind that the CSR practices in the telecommunications industry (especially in the UAE region) will be discussed. Brief Background of CSR Practices Just like in most industries, CSR in the telecommunications industry can be historically categorized into two factions which are traditional CSR and modern CSR. According to Jamali (2007), in the traditional era, a scholar named Carol l asserted that industries showed their corporate social responsibility to stakeholders and shareholders by conducting their businesses in ways that were economically, legally, ethically, and discretionarily viable to their industries. However, as time went by, Jamali says that the traditional perception of CSR was replaced with a modern one where CSR was majorly viewed economically with companies using it to impose their dominance while their customers using it as a ladder into the economic benefits from these companies. More specifically, Schutter (2008) says “although its roots are of course older, the concept of CSR emerged in the recent official EU discourse with the Conclusions of the Lisbon European Council of March 2000.” The CSR era that began in the mid 1990’s and evolved to a formidable venture in the early 21
What are the negative effects of organizational policy? Find the answer here! This research paper focuses on the disadvantages of organizational policy in a company. It shows that it has more negative than positive outcomes, causing conflicts between employees. Introduction Organizational politics refers to office politics. Further, organizational politics encompass politics within the workplace. Thus, it involves the use of authority in a company or an organization to attain personal interests. Research shows that companies that engage in healthy organizational politics perform better than others. The interests of the employees are addressed in an acceptable and amicable manner. Employees engaging in the same do not consider the effects organizational politics would have on the company. Workplace politics influence the behavior of employees and it might enhance access to assets and resources of the company. Unhealthy organizational politics will benefit a few employees of the company. This aspect is destructive because it diverts the attention of employees to other issues. Employees of the company will be compelled to seek personal gains at the expense of organizational goals and objectives. In most cases, organizational politics affect the flow of information. Workers might receive wrong information from other employees that engage in workplace politics (Sharma, 2011). Creation of appropriate political background in a company will avert the occurrence of destructive activities. This will also forestall the occurrence of other aspects or issues that will affect the image, reputation and goodwill of the company. Therefore, the management of the company should be prompt in addressing issues that would trigger organizational politics. This paper addresses some of the negative effects associated with organizational politics in a company. Disadvantages of Organizational Politics in a Company Negative politics affects the concentration of workers of a company. There is the likelihood of making a lot of mistakes when one is involved in workplace politics. In most cases, the focus of the employees involved in organizational politics is elsewhere. Employees might not even produce goods and services as required by the company. Research shows that employees whose attention is divided cannot maximize on the productivity of the company. In fact, interests of employees that indulge in workplace politics are inclined towards spoiling the reputation and image of other employees. This is aimed at humiliating others in front of supervisors, team leaders, and even departmental heads. In addition, mistakes can occur among employees indulging in organizational politics. Lack of concentration can cause minor and serious mistakes in a company. This would affect the compan
Introduction Literary artists exhibit their writing talents by creating different literary works. Some of these literary works include novels, plays, and short stories. Each type of literary work has got unique features that differentiate it from other literary works. A short story uses all the elements of that genre to develop his or her theme; in fact, all the elements are used to lead the reader to the central meaning of the work. The Plot of the Short Story Plot refers to the pattern of events in a short story. The short story ‘The snows of Mt. Kilimanjaro’ begins with a description of Mount Kilimanjaro followed by a tale of the frozen carcass of a leopard. The story then introduces Harry and his wife Helen on their tour to Africa. Harry is suffering from gangrene and is about to die. As his situation worsens, he talks about his death in a manner that angers his wife. He says that it would be difficult for a rescue plane to save him because of their location. Helen is determined to help him go through his problems, but his self-pity and hopelessness discourage her. Harry then starts thinking about the varying experiences he has gone through in life. Harry remembers his earlier trips to Europe when he was looking for information about the war, hunting in the mountains, playing games, and getting information about a bombed train with Australian officers. He falls asleep, and when he wakes up towards the end of the day, he realizes that Helen, who has been on a shooting trip, has just returned. He tells her that she has been a good wife, but he regrets having spent his life marrying rich women who ignored his writing talent (Bloom 71). Harry then remembers how he developed gangrene as he tried to take photographs of water-bucks. He was scratched on the knee and failed to use iodine. After this memory, he remembers his encounter in Constantinople, where he fought over a prostitute with a British fighter and then headed to Anatolia. He recalls that he, later on, went back to Paris and joined the wife he was married to at that time. As Harry and Helen eat their supper, Harry remembers how his grandfather’s log house was consumed by fire. He also narrates to Helen his fishing experience in the Black Forest and his relationship with the poor neighbors. In his last memories, he recalls an officer called Williamson who suffered a bomb attack. Eventually, Harry lies on a cot as he remembers his experiences in life.