ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Respiratory therapy is an important part of healthcare that requires the therapist to have a broad range of skills and knowledge. In nursing, respiratory care requires high skills both in cardiology and pulmonology, and extensive knowledge about the diseases infecting the respiratory tract. Due to their responsibilities in maintaining airway management and intensive care, respiratory therapists are often in charge of managing life support and the related staff. Respiratory care is an area in medicine that requires extensive specialized training both through formal and informal mechanisms. As a result, there are many courses and educational materials available to the medical and nursing students. Evaluating their effectiveness can be a hard job for a tutor or the therapist himself if he is practicing self-learning. For this reason, it is important to be able to evaluate the materials studied objectively for both strengths and weaknesses, and how to advance the practice of respiratory care. Respiratory Care Study Material The first learning material in question is the Leadership Institute (n.d.). It provides information in numerous fields, including courses for respiratory therapists, created by experts in the field of respiratory care education, research, and management, for the purpose of increasing the students’ depth of knowledge. The courses are designed to be completed at one’s pace and in a format that is most comfortable for the user. The second set of course materials is the Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Educator Course. The course studies the COPD, which is a lung disease with symptoms of long-term poor airflow, breathlessness, and cough with mucus. As more and more people become afflicted by the disease, it has become more important for medical staff to be able to discuss this issue with the patients, educate them about it, and create the motivation for them to overcome it. The final certification reviewed is the Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support course. Its purpose is to practice the essential skills for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrests, strokes, and other similar life-threatening danger
Introduction Rosewood hotels & resorts was started by the Caroline Rose Hunt’s trust Estate in 1979. The company has its headquarters in Dallas, Texas and the first hotel acquired by the company was The Mansion on Turtle Creek, which was opened in 1980. By 2003, the group managed 12 hotels located in different countries. The hotels are known worldwide for their excellent services and knowledge they pass to their customers about the history and culture of the places the hotels are located in. The Rosewoods & resorts brand is built around a concept the management refers to as “A sense of Place.” This means that each of the hotels and property under their management capture unique features of their locations (Devlaure and Mougeot). For almost 25 years, the group has not been advertising the hotels and this made them to rely mainly on their names because there was no “corporate” identification for the collective hotels. The brand (Rosewoods) was facing competition from corporate branded and individually branded hotels, and this made the group in 2004 to undertake a project that was aimed at growing the company and fighting competition. John Scott, the new president and CEO of the group and Robert Boulogne, the vice president of marketing and sales of the company, headed the project. This paper will look at tactical problems that are facing the company, the strategic problems, solutions to the problems and finally make recommendations and a conclusion. Tactical Problems and Strategic Problems The tactical problems that are facing the company include clients not seeing the 12 hotels managed by the group as being under the same brand. This poses a problem because these clients, even after having enjoyed their stay in one of the hotels and having return visits, do not seek the brand in other destination. This has made the company lose many clients who visit other known “corporate” brands when they are travelling (Devlaure and Mougeot). The strategic problem that is facing the group includes branding strategy that was adopted 25 years ago, and which is ineffective and compounded with the competition is making the Rosewood’s hotels hard to identify when customers travel. Another strategic problem facing the company is the new strategy proposed because it requires the company to invest a lot of money and is at risk of facing opposition from employees and clients. Analysis of the case and problems that faced the brand The problem of lack of recognition of the Rosewood brand by customers stems from the fact that the company does little to advertise it. The name of the brand fails to appear on accessories found in the rooms and the clothing or items used by the hotel staff. Each hotel under the flagship has a different nametag on each of their items, and this makes it hard for clients to associate the hotels to a worldwide brand. The statistics obtained shows that even though individual hotels have a return rate of around 40%, only 5% of customers seek for other Rosewoods hotels when they are visiting other locations. This, in itself, is a problem because
Introduction Al Ahlia Gulf Line (AGL) is a leading manufacturer and marketer of soft drinks in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Some of brands marketed by AGL in the UAE include Fanta, Arwa, Burn, Coke, and Sprite. Coca Cola is a leading company in the world. Coke’s brand equity is also strong in the UAE. The parent company began in 1892 after Charles Candler incorporated the organization. The company originated in the United States. Today, Coca Cola markets its soft drinks to consumers across the globe. The company’s background dates back to 1886 when Candler’s father, John Pemberton, came up with the original “Coca Cola formula”. By 1899, Coca Cola was a leading company in America. In the past years, the company has promoted the best business practices thus becoming a leading player in the global soft drink industry. In the UAE, Coca Cola (AGL) began its operations 1989. The company has succeeded in the region due to its quality bottling operations and distribution systems. Marketing Environment There are different macro and micro environmental factors that affect the performance of a business. Micro-environmental factors are the “internal” aspects affecting a business. Macro environmental aspects are those factors that a firm cannot control. In the UAE, Coca Cola has been considering such macro and micro environmental aspects in order to emerge successful. Micro Environmental Factors Organizational Aspects The company embraces the best managerial strategies. This makes it easier to establish the best internal policies, objectives, and strategies. Consumers and Suppliers The company has to consider the bargaining powers and expectations of both its suppliers and consumers in order to remain profitable. The managers should consider the best principles in order to ensure the company is on the right path towards success. Competitors There are different “fast food” companies in the region. These companies produce fruit juices and mineral water. As we
How well do you think credit checks meet the effectiveness criteria of   * reliability;   * validity;   * ability to generalize results;   * high utility ;   * legality? At some point, it can be argued that credit checks are reliable. But one has to follow up this one with another question: reliable about what? One has to clarify what type of information is revealed with the use of credit checks. In this regard, it can be said that it is reliable only when it comes to the information concerning the person’s inability to pay his bills. But this does not automatically mean that the applicant does not have self-control, uneducated, has a low I.Q., or emotionally unstable to work in an office environment. There can be many reasons why a person has racked up a significant amount of debt but it does not automatically say that this person should not be hired by the company. The same thing can be said about the validity of the information gleaned from such activity as well as its ability to make an accurate generalization of the person’s character and true potential. It is not valid when making assumptions about the overall capability of the applicant. There are other reasons beyond the control of the applicant that could have lead to fact that he or she has a low credit score and failed when it comes to a credit check. It is important to understand that the HR manager cannot make generalizations using information from the credit check and extend it to other aspects of the person especially when it comes to skills, teamwork, and the ability to get things done. At some point, it would become a discriminatory act. It becomes a major stumbling block for a person to get ahead in life. It becomes an unfair standard that a person cannot hurdle because it is beyond his control. One can argue that a mistake has been made but the applicant must be given a second chance or else there is no other way to break free from the cycle of poverty. It becomes discriminatory like judging a person because of the color of his skin. Discrimination occurs because of assumptions and generalizations. It is making decisions based on a set of facts and then making conclusions beyond what the data suggests. For instance, a person can be discriminated against because of her gender. The generalization is that a woman will marry someday and bear children and in the process would miss work. The firm would then have to hire somebody else to take her place and in the process incur additional expenses. This is discrimination. The same thing can be said when a person is discriminated against because of his or her skin color. It can be argued that the applicant, in this case, may have come to this situation because of events beyond his or her control, and therefore it is discriminatory to prevent the applicant from getting work because of the inability to pay bills. However, it must be made clear that it has value and utility because it can immediately provide a significant view of the person’s personal life. This brings
The freedom of expression is an essential concept that guarantees the democratic rights and freedoms of the citizens. This freedom ensures an unlimited right to wholly express oneself in matters of public affairs as it is provided in the First Amendment. However, this freedom has never been absolute. The justices argue that this freedom of expression should be limited as a shield to possible dangers. It should be noted that only two justices have upheld the literal interpretation of the First Amendment clause. In Terminiello v. Chicago, 337 U.S 1 (1949), Justice William O’Douglas held his ground as an advocate of the First Amendment clause when he overturned the conviction of a religious leader who had been accused of making anti-semitic statements in a public rally. This decision did not auger well with some of the justices who held dissenting views by arguing that the court was going out of its way to reverse the conviction. Justice Felix Frankfurters, in his written dissent for instance, expressed his concern by arguing that the decision was likely to cause a power imbalance between the state and the federal court. Justice Hugo Black seemed to echo the sentiments of Justice William in his decision to allow the newspaper to continue with its publication in New York Times Co. V. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971) (Smith 20). It is evident that the courts have evaluated the freedom of expression on a case-to-case basis. The proper limit of expression was evidenced in Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S 47 (1919) in which the court supported the conviction under the Espionage Act of 1917. The court further concluded that the defendant was not protected by the First Amendment. The decision of this court established the test of ‘clear and present danger’ that seems to gain popularity in subsequent court decisions such as Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357 (1927). However, the decisions in this cases were overhauled in Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969), a landmark case in which the court ruled that the government had no right to punish abstract advocacy. The case saw the opinion by the per curiam majority overhaul the ‘Clear and present danger’ test to adopt the ‘imminent lawless action’ test (Farish 56). It is evident that the evolution of standards that the court has adopted to evaluate the freedom of expression leaves a lot to be desired. The courts should establish precise standards to allow more freedom in the interpretation of First Amendment instead of relying on the liberal approach. Only then will the freedom of expression achieve its absolute nature. The freedom of press is guaranteed under the First Amendment. The ability by the press to be accorded absolute freedom by the government is very crucial in a democratic and free society. The court has attempted to define the role of the press in the society. In Lovell v. City of Griffith, 303 U.S. 444 (1938), the press was defined as a ‘vehicle of information and opinion.’ Chief Justice Hughes continued to argue that the freedom of press is subject to certain restrictions and is therefore not absolute. Such restriction was upheld in Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S
A summary of key ideas The author discusses the cultural and legal aspects of teenage girls’ sexting. After media across North America raised concerns over the risks of sexting, Pennsylvania District Attorney asserted that teenage girls who could be caught sexting could be charged with pornography (Karaian, 2012). Also, the attorney threatened to have charges against all teenage girls who could refuse to attend education sessions intended to make them aware of the risks of sexting. However, the attorney’s ultimatum was resisted by three girls, a fact that led to the first ever legal suit regarding sexting. The girls argued that it was unconstitutional to prosecute teenage girls for expressing themselves sexually over the internet. The article borrows from previous post-structural discussions on freedom of expression (Karaian, 2012). The article also discusses two online studies that focussed on digital expression of sexuality and third-wave feminist views on sexting. Critical analysis The author of the article supports the idea that sexting should be viewed as an illegal activity across the world. The author gives narratives about antagonists and protagonists of digital sexual expression. In my view, the author has relied on views and expressions made by other people. The author does not give a clear conclusion of the findings in the article. A Well written article should analyze other peoples’ contributions to a certain topic, but it should give the author’s views in conclusion. For example, the author analyses two studies that were conducted online to assess the impact of sexting. The online studies demonstrated the pleasures and danger experienced by teenagers who engaged in sexting. The research findings also demonstrated that a good number of teenage girls believed that they had a legal right to express themselves sexually online. This was demonstrated in the legal suit that was initiated in North America by teenage girls who stated that preventing them from expressing themselves sexually online was tantamount to denying them their constitutional rights (Karaian, 2012). The author has clearly and chronologically discussed past events. However, after discussing each source of contribution to the topic, the author does not give his or her views. This is a weak point noted in the article. Although the author seems to suggest that sexting among teenage girls should be banned across the world, I do not agree with
The article provides the rationale for taking a comprehensive history of health of the patient stating that the process of taking the history of the patient not enables the practitioner to gain valuable information but also provides an opportunity to the patient to present personal account of their health accounts to practitioners. A systematic assessment of the patient’s health also provides an opportunity for nurses to establish relationship with patients. The article begins with the importance of setting an appropriate environment so that nurse can effectively take the history of patients without any distractions or disturbances. The author also states that nurses need to be “systematic, sensitive and professional” and must ensure that patients are comfortable and able to communicate well with the nurses while providing them with crucial information regarding their health issues. The importance of taking consent from patient before initiating any kind of healthcare intervention including information has been stressed by the author, which is a crucial aspect in the medical field. In the article the author provides valuable insight to nurses so that they can develop the key skills while enquiring their health status from patients. This can be efficiently done by following an appropriate sequence following a “logical and systematic approach”. The techniques of asking questions and whether and when the questions should be “open questions” and “closed questions” have been elucidated in the article. This should be followed by “clarification” so that the patient can confirm all the information and the nurse must ensure that the patient has not forgotten to mention any crucial information. The “Calgary Cambridge Framework’ includes the five stages of obtaining patient history and has been stated to be particularly beneficial to all nurses irrespective of their experiences. The article is particularly interesting because it provides several examples of initiating the patients to facilitate their communication process so that optimal information is obtained from them. the material presented in the article is highly beneficial to me as a nurse because it relates perfectly to my area of study and would enable me to build on vital knowledge so that I can function optimally when trying to obtain information from patients regarding their health issues and problems. Several crucial facts are highlighted in the article which asserts the importance of previous medical history and the mental health of patients. Family history and social history relevance have also been stressed by the author and its importance has been explained. The article provides practical intervention techn
According to the information provided by the French IT Company, the following are possible causes of the losses encountered:   * Over staffing   * Poor organizational structure   * Corruption   * Presence of trade unions   * Lack of proper auditing units   * Stiff competition One of the likely problems that the company might be going through is the problem brought about by a large number of employees in full and part-time employment. This becomes a problem in that the company has to spend a large portion of its output on paying the employees’ salaries and other benefits that are owed to them. For this reason, the company will not have enough money to use for the expansion and renovation of the company. As the machines get old their efficiency also goes down resulting in low output which causes the company to start making losses. Large numbers of employees are big challenges to the management; this is due to varied ideas that exist between individuals. As a matter of fact, it will become very hard and even impossible to come up with urgent decisions that pertain to the running of the company. Due to
Over the last years, the manager’s role within a company has become one of the most significant in terms of relationships among the staff. The provided case study proves this idea through Susan’s concern, whether the firing of one employee could potentially save healthy relationships in the company. Researchers claim that it is now crucial to define the personality traits of the employees to define the most beneficial ways of communication and manage conflicts between workers (Baskaran et al.). In the case provided, the major issue is the employees’ perception of Jack Reed, who was found to be imprisoned in the past. If this fact about the employee were not known to his colleagues, the suspicion on the subject would concern all the workers. Thus, personality plays a significant role in the context of working relationships and overall atmosphere, as people cannot reject their emotions even at work. Speaking of the possible solutions for the situation, it is evident that Jack Reed should not be fired due to the accusation not being enough substantialized. It is mostly based on the employees’ emotions concerning Jack’s past. The best solution for Susan would be to ask for the official supervisor’s visit to the company. A supervisor is a person interested in the truth rather than satisfying one’s needs or emotions. Once the person outside the staff proposes a professional opinion, Susan cannot be blamed for the support of one of the conflict’s sides. Moreover, since there is no substantial proof of the steali
Eiffel tower is the tallest building in Paris and a landmark monument in Paris the capital of France. The tower was the tallest building in the world and build as a landmark of Paris on the world map for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889 to commemorate the centenary of the French Revolution. Even though it is not the tallest building in the world anymore, the unique art of the tower attracts tourists from all over the world and is a Paris signpost. The structure of the Eiffel tower was conceived in Eiffel’s metal structure business company; in 1884 Emile Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin had an idea of a large tower similar to a large pylon. In order to decorate the metallic structure and make it more acceptable to the public, the chief engineers hired architect Stephen Sauvestre. Stephen proposed many decorations, such as stonework pedestals on the legs, arches in the lowest level that link the columns, glass-walled halls to host restaurants and shopping arcades on every level. The design of the Eiffel tower structure by structural engineer Alexander Gustave Eiffel was unanimously selected out of 700 proposals. The 300m high tower weighs 7000 tons and has a base of four pylons with a tower above it that tapers upward. The uniqueness of the Eiffel tower design is the exposed iron latticework that fascinates artists. Protests against architecture The industrial revolution in Europe in the nineteenth century made cast iron a popular building material. The first building in Paris with metalwork was the central market building in Paris, Les Halles; it was constructed by Victor Baltard and Felix Callet in 1853. The new building architecture was being adopted for railway stations, markets, factories, glass-roofed buildings, and halls with the use of iron due to its qualities such as lightweight and strong. The metal architecture of the Eiffel tower was criticized by the architects of the time, it was ridiculed as “the tragic street lamp” (Leon Bloy), “this belfry skeleton” (Paul Verlaine), and “half-built factory pipe” (Joris-Karl Huysmans). The “Protest against the Tower of Monsieur Eiffel” was addressed to World Fair’s director Monsieur Alphand and published in the newspaper Le Temps the comments such as “Is the City of Paris any longer to associate itself with the baroque and mercantile fan