ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
As can be seen from the books by Cateora and Graham and Wild, Wild, and Han, expatriate management tends to be described from dangers and issues rather than its positive elements. Such an approach is understandable and maybe wise, but a few words should be written about the advantages of expatriate work that make it attractive for managers and personally for me. An expatriate is simply someone “living away from his or her own country” (Cateora and Graham 591). In the case of expatriate management, residing in the other country is concerned with performing a management assignment there. Examples of such experiences are described in the article by Mohn that was chosen for this case study due to its unusually positive perspective on the matter. It should be noted that the type of expatriate work described there is the so-called “talent swap” that is a relatively short-term and, therefore, less costly and arguably less stressful task (Mohn par. 5). Still, the benefits, which the participants enumerate, appear to be universally applicable. The article describes several cases. Giuliano Barolo from Mumbai and Swati Tribedy from Mozzanica, Italy have both been working at Dow Chemical, and their positions are both concerned with the technical processes, but with their different aspects. Since the beginning of April they literally “swapped” their places for a short-term expatriate experience (Mohn par. 1-5). Karen Jung and Marie-Claire Delpin, who work for PwC, did the same in February, and Alex Hoffmann from Paypal in Luxembourg swapped places with a colleague from Paris. From the article and the participants’ comments, three reasons to pursue the career of an expatriate manager can be selected. First of all, it is a chance to gain professional experience and knowledge in a different field, as Tribedy, Jung, Delpin, and Hoffmann suggest. Secondly, it is an opportunity to receive and practice related skills as Hoffmann’s colleague insists: for example, he chose to swap specifically to enhance his strategic skills. Thirdly, this kind of experience provides new opportunities for career growth: having gained the experience, skills, and knowledge, employees increase their “value” and may receive a promotion. Such were the cases of Hoffmann and his colleague (Mohn par. 25-26). In my opinion, all these reasons separately and combined are worth volunteering for an experience. Apart from that, the study of the cases provides insights into the benefits of working as an expatriate manager. One of them is the increased connection with overseas colleagues that was noted by Ms. Delpin. In this respect, an expatriate assignment can be considered a unique opportunity of improving the relationships between different parts of an organization. Secondly, Tribedy Jung and Delpin mentioned the benefit of learning another culture and breaking the stereotypes stemming from the lack of such knowledge. In my opinion, this is a key personal benefit of expatriate management experience. Naturally, I realize that th
Company description and its businesses P&G is a multinational firm that offers a wide variety of products globally. The firm products can be categorized into three major categories, which include: health and wellbeing products, beauty and grooming products, and household items. The products are sold in different merchandises across the world. The firm had previously produced Crisco Shortening, peanut butter, Folgers coffee, and orange drink products, however, the firm stopped producing them due to low stock turnover. The firm was founded in 1837 in Ohio by James Gamble and William Procter to produce quality products in the market (Badal 546). P&G Company is rated as one of the best performing firms due to its high profit and a high growth rate. Also, its products such as soaps have been rated highly due to their quality. The firm success has been attributed to its innovation strategy, which ensures that the firm produces new brands in the market to address the need of the consumers (Badal 546). The firm has twenty-four main products that contribute to high returns due to its huge sales in the market. Besides, the company has a 17% market share in the U.S., which shows that the company if performing well in the market. The main product that has the highest sales in the market is pampers, which has an annual sale of over $9 billion in the market (Badal 546). Vision statement P&G does not have any set vision statement, however, the firm has a mission statement, which states, We will provide branded products and services of superior quality and value that improve t
Top-Down Budgeting Process Top-down budgeting is built upon gathering the experiences and opinions of managers along with the accessible previous data connected with the related activities. The top and middle managers assess the cost of the project and the main subprojects constituting it. Further, the cost assessments are forwarded to lower-level managers who decide what parts of the budget should be given to work packages and particular tasks. Top-down budgeting is similar to hierarchical project planning. It is assumed that low-level managers may want more funds, but in practice, this assumption rarely comes true. The benefit of the top-down budget is that such accumulative budgets are frequently generated very precisely. Additionally, the statistical allocation of every category is fixed, which allows high consistency. Determining the Critical Path The critical path is a method of estimating time and cost requirements needed for the project. It identifies which phases of the project cannot be delayed as well as those which can be postponed. To determine the project’s critical path, it is necessary to know the following three factors: (1) a list of the activities the project involves, (2) connections between these activities, and (3) the approximate time for the fulfillment of each activity. With the help of these elements, the project manager can estimate the longest path for the scheduled parts of the project and the earliest and furthest time when these parts can be performed without delaying the project. Methods for Addressing the Constrained Resources Allocation Problem There are two approaches to dealing with the constrained resource scheduling: heuristic and optimizing. Heuristic methods are more frequently used as they are considered more realistic. They can address complicated problems which appear in project management. Employing the rules of simple priority, heuristic approaches can conclude which parts of the project need resources immediately and which can be terminated. Optimizing methods can find the most efficient resource allocation, but they are restricted in the scope of the problem which they can settle. Optimizing approaches are divided into two types: enumeration and mathematical programming. Progressive linear programming methods as the most common mathematical programming tools have proved to solve large problems concerned with resource scheduling. The Purpose of “Earned Value” and Calculating the Progress of a Project The aim of earned value is the measurement of the project’s performance. There are several ways of calculating the project’s progress by finding earned value : ( 1) the 50-50 rule: fifty percent of fulfilling the ta
Introduction This is a critical analysis essay on a speech touching on immigration reforms which was delivered by President Barack Obama in Las Vegas, Nevada. In his speech, he called for bold changes to the nation’s immigration’s policies. This article examines the lengthy speech and critically analyses it. Brief Summary of the Speech This speech specifically seeks to drum support for reforms of the immigration policies. The President basically argued that reforming the policies is necessary for the US to gain from immigrants. By reforming the policies, he believes that the US stands a better chance of gaining. He argued that the undocumented workers within the country can be gradually integrated into the nation and their contribution will greatly boost the economy. The main argument of the speech was that leaving the immigrants in the dark is negatively affecting genuine American business people and therefore the economy. The President noted that the undocumented workers are employed by companies which do not adhere to the set business laws as regards to employee welfare. As a result, these companies have an edge over those that follow the law of the land. He also noted that immigrants have already proved their worth in assisting to set up great businesses like Google and Yahoo. Critical Analysis The topic of the speech is a hot button issue. This is addressed in the speech as the speaker acknowledged that there are differences in the immigration debate but was quick to add that the differences are fading. He noted that key figures in the democrat and republican parties have once made similar proposals to the immigration policies. This is a very significant part of the speech as it helps to show that tension is easing on the issue and this is what will make the proposals to go ahead. Another significant part of the speech is illustration offered that integrating the undocumented workers will actually boost the economy. This is done in a very convincing manner. It is shown that the undocumented workers are used by scrupulous business. Such businesses gain an advantage over other businesses which adhere to the laws of the land. As already noted above, it was shown how immigrants have already made their contribution to creating more jobs through business start ups such as Google and Yahoo. This speech was delivered in a very logical manner. The language used was simple and arguments made were plain and simple to understand for the immediate audience (which included high school students), and the rest of the public. The President argued that after students earning their degrees in the US, it should be the US to benefit from such skilled people. He logically argued that there is more to gain by retaining skilled personnel in IT and Engineering instead of sending them away to competing nations – this makes a lot of sense. The speaker made it clear that the undocumented workers will have to follow the due process including paying penalties and being scrutinized, to the green card, and lastly into being citizens. This
Introduction The bankers have considered the financial position and financial performances of Professional Confectioners through ratio analysis. In this write up, a critical analysis of the ratios have been made in order to arrive at real reason for refusal of loan facility. Based on this analysis suggestions have been made to improve ratios in order to qualify for the loan. Ratio Analysis Liquidity is prerequisite for the very survival of an enterprise. “Liquidity refers to solvency of the firm’s overall financial position- the ease with which it can pay its bills.”(Lawrence J. Gitman) The Current ratio and Quick ratio analyzed by the banker provide the liquidity status of the entity. These ratios give an insight into the ability of the enterprise to remain solvent in the event of adversities. Current ratio is worked out by dividing current assets with the current liabilities. Although there is no hard and fast rule, conventionally, as a rule of thumb, a current ratio of 2:1 is considered to be a safe margin of solvency and, therefore satisfactory. In the case of Professional Confectioners ( called PC hereinafter), this ratio is quite satisfactory being at 2.3:1 as compared to 1.7:1 for the year. The improvement is more than satisfactory and the ratio is almost that of the industry, which is 2.4:1. The other ratio used by the banker to test liquidity is Quick ratio. This is part of Current ratio. The only difference is that in its calculation only the current assets which are liquid or capable of being converted into liquidity faster at the time requirements are considered. That means assets like inventories are not part of current assets to be considered for quick ratio. Bankers normally accept 1:1 as satisfactory. Here the PC lacks the banker’s expectation. The ratio is just 0.7: 1, which in fa
Introduction Background and Information Collection Methods This project focused on courseware design methodology used in one of the special needs schools in Sharjah. The researchers identified Al Amal School for the Deaf as the learning institution on which to base this study. This school handles children who have hearing impairments. The use of assistive technologies to help the learners, who have learning impairments, is something that is widely researched and literatures about this topic are readily available. However, both the local and international scholars have paid little attention to the use of assistive technologies for the young learners who are about to join kindergarten or those who are already enrolled in these pre-school institutions. At this tender age, a learner may not even be aware that they have special needs that may demand special attention. They are yet to understand their condition, let alone being able to accept or be in denial of this condition. It is a challenge for the teachers and parents alike, in finding an effective way of ensuring that these learners are initiated into the field of education in the same way as their normal colleagues. Other than imparting knowledge into these young learners, these teachers have to make them aware of their unique condition in a way that will reduce cases of denial or self-pity. This means that although the current courseware design methodologies used in formal schools for the deaf may be helpful, they are not entirely appropriate for this segment of learners. That is why the researchers considered it appropriate for this study. The information was collected from the primary and secondary data sources. Secondary data sources were collected from books and relevant journals available in the school’s library and other online sources. Primary data was collected from three groups of respondents. The first group was the teaching staffs at the school who have to use assistive technology to help these young learners gain knowledge in the same way their colleagues who are normal do. This group includes the administration of the school. The second group was the parents of these children who have to be aware of the kind of assistive technologies used on their children. Finally, the young learners fell in the third group. Their involvement in the project was not to determine their feelings and views towards the assistive technologies, but to measure how effective the methodology was in imparting the knowledge into them. The two researchers divided the roles in this project as follows. Student 1 The first student participated in development of the questionnaire that was used in gathering data. He was involved in collecting data from the teachers and administrators at this school. He was assigned the task of gathering and reviewing books about this topic to help support the primary findings. The student also participated in writing the final report and in its review. Student 2 The second student al
According to recent trends, materials that have been biologically engineered for the mass destruction of human beings are these days easily available to the hands of terrorists. Their ease in availability has recently become threateningly alarming, not only to the government but also to individual citizens. Today, laboratories are well equipped with cutting-edge technology for the assistance in the advancement of detection of these bio-agents, with the move aimed at giving the country’s military and other decision-makers a heads up, or a warning of sorts, which is relevant in regards to time so that they can identify and prevent potential areas of infection help advance and make progress in their detection system (Grey and Spaeth, 2009). This is also, in a major way, an aid in the assessment of contaminated areas to reduce the population jeopardy while at the same time helping in the offering and suggestion of treatment (Kessler, 2005). These selected agents have been well spread all over the major urban cities, which hold large populations. Their prediction systems are used for evaluation of possible areas of the hazardous attack and in addition, the forensic scientists are acting as a helping hand in identifying the biological agent, the extent of damage they can cause, and mainly classify their geographical origins. All these efforts and work done in the protection of the subject of a country or city include the decontaminations of the affected areas and restoring the normal facilities without founding any additional environmental apprehensions. Bioterrorism is a biological expression that is used for terroristic actions as a form of war on a whole new level. These biological matter and substances are entirely used to cause destruction and harm to the populace that is intended to. This is a strong amalgamation of different mixtures of biological warfare and terrorism owing to scrupulous events of bioterrorism. There has been a long alleviation on this issue through peace talks and other curbing methods on the effect of chemicals and the biological attack and it has been bearing fruits to date. According to Kessler (2005), this type of terrorism revolves around the intentional discharge or dissemination of biological toxins, bacteria, and various viruses. These toxins come in very many types as well as dispensing methods, most of which can be in their natural form or even through human-modified components. A bioterrorism attack occurs when these bacteria and other accompanying agents are utilized to cause several ailments, ranging from severe illnesses to death. This does not on
The main aim for applying the General Data protection regulation was to create awareness on cyber security to all citizens in the European Union. The directive gives distinctive and original provisions, such as rights to be forgotten, and guarantees data privacy to all users. This paper outlines a brief review of the general data protection regulation. It also gives reasons why the rules should be implemented in the United States. The regulation dispenses various essential standards, including the primary objective of fostering great awareness of data privacy. Data protection awareness is improving in bilateral trade negotiations. The directive increases awareness through goal setting and identifying methods and tools to achieve the goals. Some tools and techniques include privacy policies, notifications, data protection officers, standard contractual clauses, and model contracts (Nwankwo, 2021). For instance, notifications alert data controllers to provide information on data processing methods to achieve transparency. Transparency goals enable individuals to act with interest and awareness of data protection guidelines. Additionally, the GDPR guarantees privacy rights to all users, especially for organizations handling extensive scale data. The regulation recommends the appointment of a data protection officer who ensures compliance with GDPR regarding personal data processes, storage, and systems. The officer is also conducted in case of breaches of data. The DPO creates awareness of the GDPR to all organizational stakeholders through training sessions (Jordan, 2021). Due to increased data breaches, the GDPR allows privacy impact assessments to mitigate individual risks. The PIAs are included in extensive business projects to notify regulators and all involved individuals in case of a data breach. Furthermore, the directive is technologically neutral as it does not specify application areas like the financial sector. Personal data definition is deliberately unclear to apply multiple technological concepts. Interpretation relies heavily on various considerations, including results, purpose, and content (Gallagher, 2020). Data controllers, therefore, assign the area of application based on biometric data, characteristics, or behavioral data. The directive is flexible, and therefore it is not limited to particular technological and societal contexts. Further, the regulation provides the personal data standard that harmonizes individual data. Personal data protected and coordinated relates to an individual’s mental, genetic, cultural, business, and social data. The provision regulates an individual’s real-world or online behavior for all European Union internet users (Abrantes, &Venkataraman, 2021). The regulation has an exterritorial significance as it applies to all EU internet users d
With the current changing trends in working environments, although work may be enjoyable to do, as most individuals are always motivated to shine in their work places, sometimes the same jobs can be a stressing factor, depending on the prevailing work conditions. Work related stress is one of the greatest impediments to the success of any organization, because it lowers workers’ motivation hence, leading to reduced output. In addition to lowering work performance, work stress greatly affects an individual’s state of mind whereby, in uncontrolled situations it can cause work burnout and many health complications. Primarily, in most cases job stress occurs when there is a mismatch between an individual’s potentials, available resources, or personal wants with the requirements of one’s assigned roles. It is necessary to note that, there is a great variation between job stress and work challenges, because the former decreases motivation and innovation, whereas the latter is a psychological and physical energizer; hence, encourages innovation, motivation. Although this is the case, failure to provide solutions to demanding challenges or duties can be one of the primary stress causative agents, as most individuals will do everything at their disposal to shine in their duties (Ganster & Ivancevich, 1986, pp. 7-27). Considering the detrimental nature of stress on individuals’ well-being and level of work performance, it is crucial for individuals and organizations to adopt appropriate and practical stress management methodologies The level of job stress primarily depends on the prevailing work conditions and the ability of a worker to adapt to the prevailing work conditions. Common job scenarios that may lead to job stress include tight deadlines, long working schedules, lack of rest periods, poor communication between workers and managements, poor working environments, job insecurity and dissatisfaction, and underutilization of employees’ potentials. In addition to these work related causes, poor leadership orientations can also make working environments very stressful, because most leaders lack the required sense of control. Lack of a sense of control can be very detrimental to the well-being of an organization, because most poorly led organizations lack correct conflict management strategies, rarely respect worker’s rights, and deny workers the required support in their daily duties. Primary manifestations of stress include mood swings, alienation, feelings of frustration, sleep anomalies, stomach and headaches, lack of motivation, and substance abuse. In an escalated stress scenario, likelihoods of the sufferers developing cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychological problems are high. Considering this it is of significance for individuals to seek methodologies of reducing stress whenever it occurs, to avoid the occurrence of long term detrimental health complications associated with stress (Hansen, 2010, p.1). One primar