ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Although I could estimate the communication quality within my company as satisfactory, there are still some noticeable flaws in the process of communication. First of all, it is important to note that management does a titanic job of improving communication levels among the administration, as well as among the employees. The rate of interaction between management representatives has significantly grown over the last year. However, the flaw that can be spotted is the emotionless and too official manner of plans and expectations delivery, which sometimes may discourage the employees. I can estimate my management’s organizational skills as highly professional; they can properly organize working briefings, meetings, and events without harming the employees’ schedules. Moreover, the management implies the usage of media and various communication channels to approach the employees better. Another serious communication flaw is a lack of personalized approach between the company staff, which lowers the level of organizational commitment, thus lowering the workers’ performance. Therefore, it is important to analyze and improve the quality of communication within my company. Including the fact that sometimes the staff of my company feels discomforted during the conversations, there is an obvious need to reduce the number of top-down conversations and promote other methods of communication. Since the top-down conversation is a cornerstone of the company’s hierarchy, there is still a need to properly execute it to point the direction of the company ship (Dyer, 2018, p. 18). However, the value of more informal communication types, such as two-way conversations or feedback meetings, cannot be overestimated since it builds an atmosphere of interpersonal trust (Dyer, 2018, p. 126). Therefore, this is exactly what my company lacks at the current moment. In addition, it is possible to imply brainstorming meetings to raise the level of creativity among my staff. Thus, it is essential to imply various formal and informal approaches to communication within the company. Reference Dyer, C. (2018). The power of company culture: How any business can build a culture that improves productivity, performance and profits . Kogan Page.
Introduction Every president of the United States had either a positive or negative impact on the nation. The existing controversies often make it impossible to give a unanimous appraisal of political leaders and their activity. This idea is suitable for Lyndon B. Johnson, the thirty-sixth president of the US. This person is a central figure of Fernlund’s book Lyndon B. Johnson and Modern America. The given piece of literature focuses on Johnson’s biography and explains how and when the person came to power. In addition to that, the book draws attention to what conditions and events had shaped Johnson as a man and a politician. Furthermore, the author tries to evaluate Johnson’s activity and define its meaning for the United States of America. Theme Explored As has been mentioned above, the book under consideration presents a biography of Johnson. That is why a substantial part of this literary work is devoted to explaining where the future president was born and who his relatives were. Fernlund states that “place matters,” and this saying means that the Texas Hill Country had a significant impact on Johnson’s development (p. 3). He grew up in poverty, and that made him a survivor, who was ready to address the challenges of his society and solve them. In addition to that, Johnson’s ancestors participated in major events that shaped the history of this region, including the Texas Revolution and the American Civil War (p. 4). Consequently, it is not a surprise that Johnson had a harsh nature. However, the information above does not mean that the book only limits its focus to the life of the given political leader. Further analysis will reveal that this piece of literature also covers other issues. Over its political activity, Johnson managed to achieve some successful results, and Fernlund presents them. Firstly, it refers to the fact that the 36 th president transformed “Texas’s rivers through dams, reservoirs, and other projects into an elaborate and tolerably well-regulated plumbing system” (p. 3). That fact laid the foundation for the further economic development of this region. Secondly, Johnson played an essential role in the development of the US space programs that were created against the appropriate achievements of the USSR in the given field (p. 145). Consequently, the author emphasizes this political leader’s contribution to the rise of the US industry and research. Finally, Fernlund also explains that the US economy witnessed significant improvement. It was so because Johnson managed to make the South and the West fully-fledged partners, which was a considerable benefit for the whole nation. Consequently, it is possible to say that Johnson made a positive dent in US history. However, the events that will be described further make it challenging to support the idea above unanimously. It is so because Johnson made a few significant mistakes. Firstly, the author stipulates that “Johnson’s decision to leave the US Senate was a mistake” (p. 84). Fernlund explains that Johnson was an effective leader and had significant support, which made that decision unexpe
Patient safety is one of the chief determinants of quality of care. Despite significant efforts on the part of healthcare providers, systemic flaws still result in adverse health outcomes. The following paper provides an overview of the most common threats to patient safety and establishes a correlation between them and a shortage of nursing staff. A significant proportion of individuals admitted to hospitals suffer from the exacerbation of their health conditions. Patient falls are among the most significant contributors to the issue due to a variety of health effects created by it. Despite the availability of comprehensive fall prevention programs, the issue still poses a feasible threat. One of the possible reasons for it is the shortage of nursing staff. According to the case study conducted by Ireland, Kirkpatrick, Boblin, and Robertson (2013), the shortage of staff lead to the inability of the practitioners to effectively implement and maintain the necessary level of compliance with the guidelines of the programs. In other words, the variability in the efficiency of fall prevention practices can be reduced through several approaches, including the assessment of task distribution and sharing among the personnel (Bradley et al., 2015). Care-associated infection is another major gap in the quality of care. While studies on the matter are scarce, it is possible to establish an indirect connection between an infection rate and a shortage of nurses. According to the reports on working conditions from 12 European countries, the nurses who work in properly staffed facilities tend to describe their patients as having a low risk of incurring the infection (Aiken, Sloane, Bruyneel, Van den Heede, & Sermeus, 2013). Besides, understaffing-related burnout among nurses is known to create poorer patient outcomes, including the increased occurrence of infections in the setting (Nantsupawat, Nantsupawat, Kunaviktikul, Turale, & Poghosyan, 2016). Thus, it would be reasonable to conclude that nurse shortages hurt patient outcomes, by increasing the risk of patient falls and infection. One of the ways to mitigate the effects of understaffing is the empowerment of staff in the setting. By extension, empowerment requires the recognition of the power of nurses’ relationships and an appropriate workplace climate. The former can be perceived as consisting of three components. The first is control over the content of practice. In my workplace, control over this domain is achieved by providing a reasonable degree of autonomy to nurses and encouragement to act by regard to individual judgment and knowledge (Manojlovich, 2007). The second component is control over the context of nursing practice and is usually achieved by promoting meaningful participation of nurses in the facility’s affairs (Clavelle, O’Grady, & Drenkard, 2013). Admittedly, this component is harder to assess
Introduction The 27 year long Peloponnesian war was an obsession for Thucydides. All along, the Peloponnesian War that took 27 years is symbolic of the military conflicts between Sparta and Athens; eventually, it is Sparta which emerged the victor in 404 BCE. Thucydides did record his account of the whole event, but even then it is still hotly debated by many political scientists (Bolotin, 1987). Background of Thucydides Thucydides is most famous for his work of literature titled “The Peloponnesian War”, and it is in this account that details about his background emerge. Obviously, he was an Athenian citizen born around the year 460 BCE, and it is reported that he died shortly after the war. He was elected general during the eighth year of the war, but he fled Athens shortly afterwards as he went to exile when Sparta captured the strategically important city of Amphipolis. In his work, he tells us that he began writing his history at the onset of the war (Bolotin, 1987). In his work, he writes: “and with regard to my factual reporting of the events of the war I have made it a principle not to write down the first story that came my way, and not even to be guided by my own general impressions; either I was present myself at the events which I have described or else I heard them from eyewitnesses whose reports I have checked with as much thoroughness as possible. Not that even so the truth was easy to discover; different eye-witnesses give different accounts of the same events, speaking out of partiality for the one side or the other or else from imperfect memories.” (Finley, 1972). “Politics, like philosophy, was a Greek ‘invention’. Never before, at least in the west, had there been a society in which ordinary men, lacking either inherited authority or divine sanction, openly debated and decided on such vital matters as war and peace, public finance, or crime and punishment. Political activity had become accepted not only as a legitimate activity but even as the highest form of social activity. And the defeat of the great Persian Empire proved that this new way of running society was effective and valuable. That it was a new way was recognized; so was the fact that even now there among the Greeks powerful opponents to the city-state system, whereby free men organized their life under the rule of law. An inquiry into the past (as distinct from a mere re-telling of the accepted tales) was thus stimulated, as a complement to the inquiries into ethics and philosophy.” (Finley 1972) Background of Athens and Sparta In 5 th Century BCE, Greece was composed of dozens of independent city-states which were autocracies, but the two super-powers of that time were Athens and Sparta, as all the other city-states were militarily subject to them. However, Athens was more of a democracy while Sparta was more of an autocracy, and indeed Sparta was stronger than Athens military-wise. Therefore, this implies that the Peloponnesian war was chi
Introduction One of the recurrent controversies in the field of criminology is a concern about those poor individuals who suffer at the hands of a negative attitude from society. The role of social contribution in criminal etiology if represents something is none other than an abominating attitude for the individuals who suffer at the hands of a negative criminal record. Or it is better to say that society is nothing for ex-offenders other than a discerned group of people who have no room of sympathy for the ex-offender or for an individual who though is blamed for having a criminal past, but is no longer associated with it. Most criminologists in the United States have given very little attention to this problem, except in a negative and critical way. One of the main reasons for such a pessimistic attitude towards the poor individual is because of the strongly environmentalist orientation of the sociological criminologists and because of the preoccupation of the dynamic psychiatrists with their postulated processes of psychogenesis (Tappan, 1960, p. 83). Though it is good to be precise about taking safety measures to avoid crime, where is the humanitarian contemplation which suggests that an individual can not be held responsible his entire life for his past deeds and therefore cannot be examined so harshly, so as to not receive any kind of employment or housing facility? The perilous effects of the criminal record often serve a lot more than what the offender has committed in the past in the name of crime. The challenges which the individual confronts to are more severe than what he experiences in jail as a punishment, for the behavior of society every now and again reminds him that he is still an offender, having no right to live as a respectable individual. Though society knows very well that an individual who has a criminal record has already been incarcerated and have put under all forms of correctional supervision so as to avoid any future crime, but not a single person in the society welcomes him as a new individual or as a member among them. The ever-spiraling costs of building and maintaining prisons, not to mention the human toll on prisoners, their families, and communities, require the development of bold initiatives that serve both to prevent crime and to effectively address the needs of offenders in U.S. society (Delgado, 2001, p. 83). Today, the most common consequences after having a criminal record are: Employment After having a criminal record, no employer is willing to accept the job offer of an individual and does not consider him eligible for any position in his company. Thanks to the employers of the society who never contemplates hiring an ex-offender and conduct a pre-employment background check before hiring the individual (Rosen, Sept 2003). Individuals whose record has been marked ‘criminal’ never be able to get dignity from society, no matter if they are no longer part of the criminal history. However such ‘marked’ poor individuals are able to do low-paid jobs, those that are particularly designed for the ‘ex-offenders.
Sodium Chloride is commonly known as salt. It is a chemical compound that contains 1 mole of sodium and one mole of chloride. Its chemical formula is NaCl and its atomic weight is M w (NaCl) = 22.990 + 35.453 = 58.443 gram It contains one mole of N 0 molecules (Avogadro’s number atomic and molecular weight 2009: 1) so combining one mole of sodium and one mole of chloride results in Sodium Chloride. It is the most important ingredient in food, it is an edible salt and is widely used as a seasonal and food preservative . Sodium chloride is a very important compound and it has thousands of uses in real life, few of them are as follows: NaCl is a raw product that is commonly used in the production of chlorine. Chlorine itself is needed for the production of several modern products including pesticides and PVC. Sodium chloride is also used in the biological industry as it is used to preserve some foods. Salt is one of the topmost ingredients in our house kitchen. According to one research, it has been observed that salt is an essential element in manufacturing around 14,000 products. In order to meet the high need for salt in different industries, salt is now being stored especially in winter. Nowadays, Media is raising an issue related to salt and blood pressure. Numerous researches state that less sodium intake has a slightly long-term effect on the blood pressure of healthy ones. Even, for some people, like pregnant women, the elderly, and all those who have a gumptions lifestyle, reducing salt may actually be harmful. Sodium is a chemical element that plays a pivotal role in the preservation of a healthy body. It’s very important to know that how much quantity a person is required to take of NaCl. Excess quantities can cause different harmful effects. Proper and accurate NaCl in your diet helps a lot in keeping you fit and active. It’s is always good to have complete knowledge of what to eat – and how much of it – can be a minefield. Salt is omnipresent in foods and millions of people consumed it daily. NaCL plays an important role in the growth of a child as it contains iodine which does not allow calcium and iron deficiency in a child. Most of the calcium and iodine come from our food. Without salt, food doesn’t give a nice flavor. Most of the salt comes from foods, and from water. The universal, coherent appetence for salt, sodium chloride, public agencies agree, design it t
This paper is based on an article titled “Creating and Appropriating Value using new Game Strategies”, found in Allan Afuah’s book titled “Strategic Innovation: New Game Strategies for Competitive Advantage.” The main objectives of the article include increasing the reader’s understanding of the critical determinants of value creation and appropriation, analyzing how much value each member of a value system captures and why, enhancing the reader’s understanding of the contribution of new game and value chain factors to an organization’s competitive advantage, and strengthening the reader’s capacity to think strategically. The article is clear that the concepts of creating and appropriating value are at the core of any business strategy, thus the need for businesses to come up with products that provide perceived benefits to customers if these firms expect to make money and sustain competitiveness. In the proposed business of developing cutting-edge anti-aging products targeting baby boomers and the urban affluent, one of the main business ideas is to create value not only by relying on active and natural ingredients but also in using new technologies to ensure that the final products fit customer preferences and experiences. Consequently, as suggested in the article, value-adding processes must entail research and development (R&D) and sourcing of components, ingredients or materials that will provide the customer with the needed benefits, hence enabling the firm to maintain a competitive advantage. Owing to the fact that the value created for any particular product or service is the variation between the benefits that consumers perceive and the actual cost of providing these benefits, it therefore follows that value creation is essentially embedded in undertaking value chain activities, with the view to providing customers with something that they distinguish as beneficial to them, and ensuring that the cost of providing such benefits to customers does not surpass the benefits. In the proposed business, it is expected that the anti-aging products will provide to customers the perceived benefits of performance, quality and aesthetics without exceeding the cost related to the development of these products. The article names several ways through which this can be achieved, but the proposed business will employ innovation by using new knowledge and technologies. In value appropriation, one point that is salient to the proposed business is that of imitability and substitutability. The article is clear that the prices and the quantity of products that a firm sells will likely plummet if competitors devel
Human beings always encounter conflicts in their daily lives, and, unfortunately, many of them fail to deal with these challenges effectively. Undoubtedly, they are inevitable and make a negative impact on individuals if not properly resolved. Therefore, it is essential to invest time and effort in advancing one’s conflict resolution skills in order to positively affect different areas of life, ranging from family relationships to work performance. One of the useful ways to achieve it is to reflect upon the conflicts, which occurred in the past. To begin with, during the last year, I dealt with a number of conflicts, both effectively and ineffectively. For example, my friends often disagreed with me about various issues, such as the place to travel together, different perspectives on social problems, or ways to complete some tasks. I also had multiple arguments with my relatives and neighbors over either minor or major questions. It can be concluded that I faced conflicts almost every day in the past year. I suppose that most people do it as well, though they may not recognize all disagreements, as they are a routine part of humans’ lives. The be honest, I clearly realize that it is more effective to adopt the interest-based approach to addressing conflicts, though sometimes I concentrated too much on my own position and refused to consider others’ needs. Nevertheless, in most conflicts, I endeavored to collaborate with another party in order to find solutions, which would benefit everyone. I tried to focus on others’ desires, fears, and concerns, as well as to express mine clearly. Hence, I successfully resolved many of the disputes in 2020 and felt incredibly satisfied after it. However, I incorporated the positional approach several times, and it definitely led to negative outcomes. Furthermore, I notice that I had a tendency to collaborate while having disagreements with various individuals. I was willing to accept their ideas and combine them with my views. Still, sometimes I avoided conflicts when I was convinced that another party would undoubtedly stick to their position and avoid considering my own needs and desires. Simultaneously, I never incorporated an accommodating style to resolve disagreements, as it opposes my personal characteristics. Although I competed for my position, I knew when it was the right time to compromise in order to achieve the satisfaction of both sides. In general, I am content with the outcomes of most minor conflicts. At the same time, I feel that I did not adequately handle major disagreements. I was always aware of the significance of the interest-based approach, though I failed to give up my position and recognize others’ concerns occasionally. Finally, I avoided numerous conflicts in the past year due to various reasons; thus, now, I need to prevent such behavior from occurring to be more effective in conflict resolution