ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) states that people between 30 and 59 years of age with blood pressure less than 150/90 mm HG do not require initiating therapy (James et al., 2014, p. 508). Sean M.’s BP is 136/84. It is higher than its ordinary norm which is 120/80. Still, it is hard to call Sean M. hypertensive at the moment. Primary Diagnosis Acute myocardial infarction, unspecified (I21.9): is also known as heart attack, the condition when a person experiences a sharp and sudden chest pain (Thygesen et al., 2012, p. 2025). The main symptoms of a heart attack in addition to chest pain also include shortness of breath, sweat, fatigue, nausea, and dizziness. Sometimes, the signs could last for days and weeks. Sometimes, people experience the attack and forget about it in the next several days. Rationale: The patient got all those symptoms and admitted that the discomfort in the chest lasted for about three minutes. Then, the pain was gone and never repeated. Treatment Plan Diagnostics ECG: to observe the electrical activities of the heart and analyze the impulses that could be displayed (Thygesen et al., 2012, p. 2029). Chest X-ray: to identify if there are some changes in the heart and chest that could lead to another attack or serious problems. Medication: Rx: Atorvastatin 80mg (Amarenco, 2014, p. 2974) Sig. orally once a day: Disp # 30. Refill: not required. This medication helps to prevent heart attacks and improve the level of cholesterol. Sean has a high level of TC. Conservative Measures Treatment for people who have heart attacks should include the use of medications, surgical procedures in cases of emergency, changes in lifestyle, and cardiac rehabilitation that should help to relax (Brown, 2014). The patient should decrease the number of physical exercises and avoid possible emotional changes. Education The patient should understand that hypertension is one of the main reasons why heart attacks happen. It is not enough to stay calm but also treat for hypertension as the main complaint (Thygesen et al., 2012, p. 2020). Healthy eating and a healthy weight could also help to prevent heart problems. Referrals The help of a professional cardiologist and dietitian could be offered in addition to the suggestions given by a primary care provider or a therapist. Follow-Ups The patient should visit a doctor in one month to report the condition and describe if similar attacks happen to him. Primary Diagnosis Chest pain, unspecified (R07.9): is the condition when a person experiences problems with heart or lungs or panic attacks. It is hard to understand true reasons for chest pain, and the researchers identify costochondritis as one of the possible outcomes (Raza, 2014, p. 191). Therefore, inflammation of joints could lead to fatigue and shortness of breath. Rationale: Sean M. claims that he had a 3-minute experience of chest pain with a further inability to work hard and find enough energy to do his routine exercise. Besid
How does Office Depot create value for its customers? Answer: They have connected their system with a toll-free number that ensures that customers’ calls are not charged. They provide a free interacting atmosphere for the customers and are ready to listen to their problems. They offer delivery services to their customers; they advertise their products through the internet hence easy access by the customers. They have employed several operators who receive order calls from the customers, this minimizes the cost of the customers traveling to the company to make orders (Cravens and Piercy, 2000). Identify the four broad target markets that Office Depot serves Answer: Their target markets include offices, schools, homes, Universities, and colleges. Are Steve and Dana the right customers for Office Depot? Justify your answer. Answer: Yes they are the right Customers; this is because the products that Office Depot offers can be used at home, in offices, and in learning institutions. Steve is a professor at a university and hopefully requires office accessories like a pen to write; likewise, Dana needs some of these tools to use at home like a pen. What is the critical element that went wrong with Steve’s order? Answer: The level of customer management/service was very poor. There was no element of customer-centrism, the Office Depot should evaluate whether they practiced what they preached. The order was not delivered within the required time and at the expected place. The company should use customer equity to ensure that they influence the buying behavior of their customers. What customer satisfaction problems do you see in the case? Answer this by addressing the following two aspects: Product delivery They take longer days to deliver items contrary to what their website indicates. The customers are often comfortable with the companies which perform as they say especially when it comes to timing. The customer also requires their goods to be delivered at the doorstep; this is contrary to the way the service was done where the delivery person remained inside the vehicle expecting the customer to come to him for delivery confirmation. The product deliverer had a communication problem since he never knew how to speak English so well (Cravens and Piercy, 2000). Steve reporting the situation to Office Depot The office Depot customer service line is engaged most of the time; this makes the customers wait for a long time before their calls are answered. Steve had to be referred to several individuals before finally being linked to whoever could attend to his complaint. This causes some frustration on the side of c
Introduction In the past as Albrecht & Sack (2010) point out businesses have relied institutional information like accounting to make choices pertaining the growth of a business organization. Traditionally, information would be compiled and analyzed to make a report that would form a basis for decision making. Before the decision was concluded and implemented the business organization consulted expertise for accurate translation of the reports. This procedure was cumbersome and costly. Besides challenges with the cost and time, obtaining information was difficult for shareholders. The businesses also had to keep up with the competition posed by other players (p. 5). Ferguson in the first episode Dreams of Avarice of the video series The Ascent of Money reveals that the historical events that have taken place in relation to money are of relevance to understanding the global business environment in the future. He highlights practices that have been used in the past, and are being used and those likely to be used in the future. Practices such as borrowing and lending of finances, how it grew from shylocks and borrowing to bank loans which led to the credit cards. This essay will discuss the future of global business environment using the first episode dreams of avarice. The future of the global business environment The future of global business environment is changing to technological advancement. Information storage and retrieval are advantages that come with the use computerized systems in banking. The information is also made easily accessible for processing of information and there are fewer error experienced as would have been with paperwork. The cost is remarkably low. It relieves the shareholders of large sums that would be used obtain data. Information exchange in business Exchange of information has become easy as digitalized devices have been made affordable to citizens. In addition there are computer programs designed specifically to meet the needs of banking and therefore data presentation as well as transmission is conducted in a straightforward manner. The use of credit facilities by citizens is an example. The credit cards are used to pay for services or goods on credit. The card bears information about the client’s bank details. During the transaction, information is exchanged, the card is authenticated and then the client is able to purchase goods and services. The future of the global business environment is universal as Albrecht & Sack (2010 p. 5) indicates. The inaccessible parts of the world are slowly being made reachable through the developments in infrastructure. Roads are being built. In the past the wars that took place in the world cause major damages to infrastructure and crippled businesses. As a result banking institutions were closed. This is revealed in the dreams of avarice because as it portrays, every war that happened in the world has affected the finances of institutions. Some gain while others loose. Universalism and Developments and business environment
Introduction Cyber security is one of the major concerns of governments in the contemporary world. President Obama calls cyber threat “one of the most serious economic and national security challenges” (as cited in Bodenheimer, 2012, n.p.). Cyber-attacks can take down financial systems, government systems, banking systems and power grid (Bodenheimer, 2012). Stuxnet is a cyber-worm which has confirmed various researchers’ opinion that cyber wars are people’s nearest future. Farwell and Rohozinski (2011) note that Stuxnet infected more than 60 thousand computers (over 50% of them in Iran). This breach of security is regarded as one of the most serious as it could have led to catastrophic outcomes. Type of Breach This virus is far from being an average cyber worm It had a complicated code which targeted PLC (programmable logic controllers). It is necessary to add that PLCs are integral parts of important industrial systems which are controlled by potent security systems (Brown, 2011). This virus was designed “to penetrate and establish control over remote systems in a quasi-autonomous fashion” (Farwell and Rohozinski, 2011, p. 24). It did not require the use of the Internet. USB sticks were devices used for the spread of virus. Stuxnet targeted Siemens equipment and Windows operating systems. Notably, if some of the major requirements were not met, the virus did not operate and even self-removed within a particular time. How the Breach Occurred Notably, Stuxnet “destroyed supposedly secure equipment” without being detected for months (Nicol, 2012, p. 71). The virus was discovered in July 2010 (Brown, 2011). It was discovered at the Bushehr power plant. The virus was also traced in Indonesia, India, China, the United States and some other countries. The cyber worm destroyed about 1,000 Iranian nuclear centrifuges (Bodenheimer, 2012). Many researchers believe that this cyber worm could not be a product of a hacker as it is a sophisticated virus. The major peculiarities of the worm (which confirm the viewpoint that the virus was created by a group of hackers who had the necessary equipment) are as follows. It is estimated that “10,000 man-hour of programming time” was necessary to write Stuxnet (as cited in Bodenheimer, 2012, n.p). The virus uses four Microsoft Windows security vulnerabilities. The use of all four vulnerabilities is unprecedented. Finally, it is acknowledged that to develop Stuxnet, Digital Certificates were stolen. The Stuxnet ‘ceased’ control over the plant and “bumped” the speed of centrifuges up to about “1,000 miles per hour, past the point where the rotor would likely fly apart” (Nicol, 2012, p. 71). What is more, the virus affected control systems which indicated that everything was fine. It is necessary to point out that official Tehran announced that there was a cyber-attack, but analysts agree that the government did not reveal exact level of damage. Losses of Confidentiality
Many African countries and third world countries do not have enough funding to sustain them during war times. This leaves the countries in absolute poverty after spending a lot of finances in wars. To cater for financial needs, the countries involve themselves in huge financial borrowings that result into huge amounts of debts. The inability to repay the loans results into these countries falling prey to the so called “vultures” who buy their debts. These debts are always paid back with large interests at the end by the subject country. The World Bank in relations with the IMF is always generous to give loans to the developing countries which are alternatively taken by the vultures companies during high interest pay outs. These transactions by the third world do not seem to be rewarding. The reason for this is that the developing countries lack a voice for negotiations in international grounds. As much as the global funding helps in times of need, it is blocking room for economic development. The globalization concept involves merged trades unions, open markets and many more developmental goals including the millennium development goals. All these have been benefiting only the developed countries. There are various reasons that certify this argument. For example, representations during global negotiations are majorly by the developed countries. This is because they are economically empowered. Consequently, global priorities have shifted to benefit the developed countries. For instance, the minister for trade worries about numbers in export instead of varying pollution indices, on the other hand, the governor of Central Bank cares about inflation instead of poverty levels. Additionally, issues such as lack of transparency and lack of democracy have negatively influenced globalization, hence, creating high level of disparities in various aspects. The most striking feature is on the issue of disparity in economic development, political stability and social development. The most important of all is economic stability. Globalization was one positive thing that ever happened to the world. Initially, the impacts of globalization were appreciable and fulfilling. But, as years have gone by, it has been seen as a form of cancer slowly eating into the economy of almost all countries. The developing countries are the main targets. Although the essence of globalization was development, it has been noted that this development has been achieved only partly. For instance, the beneficiaries are from economically empowered states. To turn away from such global vices, it calls for a change in the mindset of representa
Introduction Background to the study Drug discovery utilizes various bioactive molecules, which according to Mocklinghoff et al. (2005), have scaffold structures. As a result, these scaffold structures form the basis of studies aimed at determining the molecular diversity, structural complexity, structure-based molecular optimization, and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the bioactive molecules. In some cases, a library of scaffolds can be organized to form tree-like arrays, which aid scientists to identify novel ligands of bioactive molecules. Furthermore, the arm-like structures derived from the scaffolds can range from complex to simple structures, which are used to construct newer analogs of known bioactive molecules that enable scientists to study their structural/molecular diversity and their receptor binding properties (Mocklinghoff et al. 2005). Using the same approach, scientists have identified new fragments (Tetrahydroisoquinoline-THIQ derivatives) derived from complex scaffolds that show affinity and selectivity for the estrogen-receptor (ER). Subsequently, by focusing on a small library of the THIQ fragments, researchers have achieved the optimization of the binding mechanism and the SAR of a small bicyclic THIQ, which shows affinity and selectivity for the Beta-ER. Consequently, the discovery of this new fragment offers many scientists the opportunity to study the SAR and receptor selectivity of the THIQ derivatives, and therefore, chances are that newer selective ligands for the estrogen-receptor (ER) will be developed in the near future (Mocklinghoff et al. 2006). Aim The report aims at providing a complete summary of the article, “Design and Evaluation of Fragment-Like Estrogen Receptor Tetrahydroisoquinoline Ligands from a Scaffold-Detection Approach.” Scope The report entails a summary of the experimental design and synthesis of the THIQ derivatives, the biochemical evaluation of the THIQ fragments, and the structural evaluation of the THIQ fragments as described in the article. Article Summary Design and Synthesis In this article, the researchers designed a small library of THIQ scaffolds consisting of 18 fragments (Mocklinghoff et al. 2006). Subsequently, the fragments were studied relative to their structural diversity and affinity for the alpha-and beta-estrogen receptors. Accordingly, the researchers noted that the structure of THIQ consists of a bicyclic-ring system that is almost similar to the A-and B-rings of the endogenous ligand of the ER known as 17-Beta-estradiol (E 2 ). Thus, THIQ fragments with ER affinity were synthesized by introducing –OH groups at various locations on the THIQ aromatic ring. Further, through N-substitution, small side-chains were introduced to the THIQ scaffolds to increase their ER affinity and selectivity (Mocklinghoff et al. 2006). Lastly, the electron-withdrawing ability of some functional groups such as the amides was also examined at different positions of the aromatic ring. Biochemical Evaluation Here, the assay entails the binding of fluorescein-labeled probes with the ligand-binding do
The central role played by energy in triggering economic development and endangering the environment has forced many countries worldwide to develop and implement energy subsidies aimed at ensuring a more sustainable development trajectory (“Reforming Energy Subsidies” 3). The United States (US) has used subsidies to stimulate the development and use of particular forms of energy with the view to influencing energy market outcomes and ensuring environmental sustainability (Leonard 36-37). This paper provides useful insights on how solar energy subsidies work in the US, before assessing the viability of the legislation. Solar energy subsidies revolve around federal tax credits targeting solar developers as well as state and local incentives provided to energy companies, homeowners and other businesses interested in generating solar energy (Rotman 89). Available literature demonstrates that “federal subsidies have provided wind and solar developers with as much as $24 billion from 2008 to 2014” (Chediak and Martin par. 1). The tax credits have encouraged solar developers to undertake research initiatives aimed at developing solar-powered energy-generating equipment at a greatly subsidized cost. Although solar energy still provides less than 1% of the power produced in the US, it is evident that the tax credits have increased the nation’s solar-powered energy from 1.1 gigawatts of photovoltaic power in 2008 to about 18.3 gigawatts in 2014 (Rotman 89). In providing tax incentives for solar developers, the federal government aimed at encouraging the production of clean and environmentally-friendly sources of power with the capacity to address the risks posed by global warming and greenhouse emissions. The government also aimed at
Human trafficking has become a significant problem of modern society and a considerable part of the criminal industry that keeps growing. Officially 40.3 million people globally have been victims of this enslavement (Zimmerman & Kriss, 2017). The types of human trafficking that harshly break human rights are sex trafficking, forced labor, and debt bondage. Sex trafficking is slavery that uses women for prostitution and pornography. Spreading the idea of the ease with which people can buy sex can influence the young generation’s values. With sex trafficking and prostitution, society’s attitude to women and relationships is flawed and demanding. That explains the second-wave feminism in the 1980s when women started fighting for their rights, equality, and freedom. Protecting women from sex trafficking will solve one of the most significant problems of human slavery and will help to build a better society. In addition, forced labor is also known as the biggest sector of trafficking in the world. It can include domestic work, manufacturing, processing, packaging, market trading, and illegal activities. According to Zimmerman & Kriss (2017), people that suffered from labor exploitation “experienced multiple forms of abuse, numerous sector-specific occupational hazards, dangerous living conditions, and suffered a range of poor health consequences” (p.2). Most immigrants willing to leave their motherland a
The Australian Financial Market is operated by an electronic system referred to as the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). It was developed in 2006 after the merger between the Australian Stock Exchange and the Sydney Futures Exchange. The ASX runs under a self regulatory system that is operated by the Reserve Bank of Australia and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. The Australian securities exchange market recorded a 46 percent increase in its net profits within the first year of its operation. Net profits recorded in 2007 were $313 million and operating revenues increased to $552.7 million. The major markets in the Australian Financial Market are the bond, share, foreign exchange, interest and money market. The share or stock market is concerned with the trading of equities or shares, trust options and fixed interest securities. The Australian stock exchange market uses an automated system that allows traders to buy and sell stocks in the financial market (ASX, 2010). Interest Rates The negative effects of the 2009 financial crisis saw the increase of interest rates in the Australian market to 4.25 percent in April from a low of 3.75% in January and February. The interest rates further rose to 4.5 percent in May and June. The high interest rates led to an increase in cash rates and assets trading in the form of cash were deemed to be more profitable when compared to the relative yield achieved from the sale or purchase of shares; the high interest rates also led to poor company profits and revenues. The high interest rates also led to increased mortgage payments that left an adverse negative effect on consumer incomes as well as their spending patterns (Case, 2010). The negative effect of the high rates makes sectors of the Australian economy that are sensitive to interest rates such as the Australian Real Estate Investment Trust to be less attractive to investors. Investors are also affected by the high interest rates because of share prices which will retreat into the economy. The credit market will also be affected because the variable rates on using credit cards will go up as well as mortgage payments. This will affect consumer spending on luxury or basic items that will in turn affect the revenues generated by businesses. A continued increase in interest rates will also affect the amount of money that will be used by businesses to repay their debts each year. This will lead to a majority of the businesses reducing the size of their loans to be used in expansion or growth activities and also limiting the number of loans they take in the future (Case, 2010). Shareholders are also affected by the high interest rates in the event that a company is cutting down on its investment or expansion activities because of high debt expenses and a reduction in revenue. This might make shareholders to sell off their shares because of the projected future cash flows; Investors will also sell off their company shares because of the high rates and instead opt to trade in bonds and cash assets such as cash accounts and government bonds which are risk free investments that have higher returns. Share market returns are deemed to be v