ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
General Synopsis The main aim of the study was to assess the effects of traumatic experiences during childhood on the overall psychological health of an individual in his or her adulthood. Some of these experiences include living in a dysfunctional home or being a victim of child abuse. In assessing the relationship, 3,885 individuals between the ages of 18 and 69 were evaluated. Information on an individual’s current state of psychological well-being, contentment in life, and exposure to hurting experiences during childhood was obtained from the study. About 46.4% of the participants indicated in the administered questionnaires of having gone through an ordeal resulting in emotional torture. Individuals who recorded a higher number of adverse childhood experiences had the lowest score in terms of contentment in life and psychological stability (Hughes et al., 2016). Childhood adversity was found to have a bearing on an individual’s mental health stability. General Impressions of the Article The article provided background information that formed the basis of the study. Reading the paper, I got an impression that it was not just a random study but also well researched paper with vital findings. In essence, it helps one to understand the link between adverse childhood experiences and the mental well-being of adults. In addition, it is a well-organized study with evidence-based information and reputable sources used to support the data presented. There is a clear description of how individuals ended up in the study with clearly outlined inclusion criteria, which served as parameters against which the participants were assessed. The gap in the research is the absence of a literature review. It would be necessary for one to know what other studies have done on the same topic, and how does the current study compare with the others. Significance of Data Found in the Article The information obtained from the study was substantial and can be extrapolated to the entire population. The research’s main objective was to determine the existing connection between childhood experiences and the emotional stability of individuals in adulthood. The prevalent score of impaired mental health from the results obtained in subjects who reported zero number of adverse childhood experiences stood at 9.5%. However, the prevalent score tripled to 30.7% in individuals who reported going through four or more traumas at a young age. Following the calculation of the adjusted odd rations to control for confounders, the relationship remained significant, showing the vitality of the data obtained from the study. Ways in which the article might Influence my Professional Practice The article will influence my decision making when dealing with adults with mental health problems. I will not only focus on the current symptoms but also will dig more in-depth evidence of adverse childhood experiences and start by treating the trauma. The article will also make me more vigilant when dealing with children to quickly identify
Sustainability vs. Environment According to Index Mundi (2012), sustainability is the ability of something to be upheld to the future while environment is the external surrounding of objects. While sustainability can be used together with the environment to mean the ability to uphold current environmental conditions for future generations, economists perceive the environment as full of limited resources that are limited given the demand. The two terms are similar in the sense that they have a common goal of effective utilization in order to serve the future generations. The environment provides chemicals that are used to generate energy, which emits harmful substances that affect its sustainability. Politics are normally in play especially concerning on the benefits and costs of doing away with old harmful forms of energy and generation of clean energy (Sreeram & Ramasami, 2003). Population This is a significant aspect of any economy as
Biography Cornel West is an American-born philosopher, civil rights campaigner, author, and actor. He was born on June 2, 1953 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, but was brought up in Sacramento (Elder 1). He started his engagements in civil rights activities at an early age as seen when he organized protests to demand inclusion of certain study courses at the high school he was enrolled in. He also became the president of his class in the same high school. At the age of seventeen years, Cornel joined Harvard University where he received lectures from philosophers like Stanley Cavell and Robert Nozick. He graduated after three years of study in 1973 with a high distinction degree in Near Eastern Languages and Civilization. Throughout his experience, West unwaveringly pushed the University into accepting his political ideas as opposed to him accepting the University’s agendas. In 1980, Cornel acquired his Ph.D. at Princeton University, where he had a chance to learn from the pragmatic Richard Rorty. Cornel went back to Harvard University under the Du Bois program while in his mid-twenties before he became an assistant professor in the New York-based Union of Theological Seminary. He also taught at Yale Divinity School where he engaged in protests that led to his arrest. After serving a jail term, he taught at Haverford College before joining Princeton University as a professor as well as a director of the African American Studies program. Together with scholars like Toni Morrison, West invigorated this program, which he headed from 1988 to 1994. West also became a professor at Harvard University where he taught African-American studies, but later returned to teach at Princeton University. West is considered a great thinker as is demonstrated in his various contributions. He has acquired several honorary degrees, while his writing has won him a respectable book award. He is credited with several published works in theology studies and African American studies. These works together with others he has published in the popular press are commonly cited. Besides being an active member, he chairs several associations such as the Network of Spiritual Progressives, Democratic Socialists of America, Tikkun Community, and the International Bridges to justice. Cornel is also sought for his skills as a blurb-writer, speaker, honorary leader. West is also an active member of organizations such as the World Policy Council, which is a policy institute. Not only has the work done by West brought controversy and initiated debate on the issue of race, but it has also been applauded by other great thinkers. Cornel has historically written several works that have been published. These include the Black Theology and Marxist Thought of 1979, the Prophesy Deliverance ! An Afro-American Revolutionary Christianity of 1982, the Prophetic Fragments of 1988, The American Evasion of Philosophy: A Genealogy of Pragmatism of 1989, Breaking Bread: Insurgent Black Intellectual Life of 1991, The Ethical Dimensions of Marxist Thought of 1991, Beyond Euro-centrism and Multiculturalism of 1993, Race Matters
Introduction Agroecology can be defined as the use of ecology to manage agricultural systems, including; ecological, economic, and social factors. An important factor is a soil which has a variety of functions in the ecosystem. Agroecology tries to make a good transition by trying to control the micro-organisms present in the soil that either, directly or indirectly affect the growth of crops. Since agroecology is a holistic approach to agriculture systems based on the natural farming methods, that interrelates all factors of the environment, pumpkins are well-favored by the soils in that part. Pumpkin is a well-known herbaceous plant that falls under the plant genus namely; ‘ Cucurbita ’, which is positioned under the family ‘ Cucurbitaceae. ’ Pumpkins are monoecious. They have both male and female flowers. Ovaries are smaller relative to the male ones and are found at the base of the flowers (Board of Agriculture 184). The growth of pumpkins requires adequate water supply and sufficient energy requirement. This essay will endeavor to illuminate the water and energy requirements for the effective growth of pumpkins. Soils Favouring the Growth of Pumpkins For agroecology to be successful, the soils have to be fertile and well aerated. Micro-organisms present in the soil have a variety of functions. One is that of helping in the breakdown of organic waste that makes up the humus of the soil. Some help in the fixation of nitrogen in the soil. Bigger organisms in the soil help in soil aeration and the formation of good soil structure hence, improving the water retention abilities of the soil. The humus formed by the microorganisms helps in the absorption of minerals by plants because of its soluble form. They also assist in stabilizing the soil ph and because of its dark color; they help in the absorption of energy (Board of Agriculture 195). Bacteria in the soils and root nodules of some plants aid in fixing nitrogen in the earth. Fungi present help in the decomposition of the more resistant materials. It serves as a medium where plants grow and help in water filtration to the earth. This is important because of the use of soil in the regulation of water flow in lakes and rivers, control of greenhouse effects, and maintenance
Nicotine falls under the stimulant type of drugs that increase transmission between the brain and the body. It is mainly used for recreation purposes as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As an Anxiolytic, it is used as a medication to treat anxiety disorder. In the early ’70s, Nicotine was used as an insecticide to kill insects that invaded large plantations like coffee, tea among many. Being the main ingredient in the tobacco plant, it was extracted by a chemist known as Karl Ludwig Reinmann from Germany (Etter, 2018). The drug went under a series of lab testing and was declared to be poisonous. Nicotine is first removed from tobacco plants or the nightshade family of plants, and the leaves are dried and folded into a small paper and rolled until it forms a round small tube-like shape. Native Americans first used the drug for primarily medicinal purposes as it eradicated pain, dressed open wounds, and removed toothaches. It came into misuse when people were looking for solutions to their problems and thought that Nicotine was a good idea, and when they felt that their desire was satisfied, they embraced the habit. The number of people who smoke is not known in precise as it keeps on changing because of new users daily. However, it is estimated that more than one billion people smoke, nearly 20% of the population (Etter, 2018). Many people who use nicotine drugs have different reasons to justify their practice. Some use
Introduction One of the major reasons for recidivism among people who served out a prison term is their inability to adapt to life within the community. Various reintegrating programs developed are aimed at assisting inmates (as well as former prisoners) to develop the necessary skills to live in the community (Latessa, Listwan & Koetzle, 2014; McClure et al., 2015). These programs may focus on religious values (Hallet & Johnson, 2014). These programs may often concentrate on the provision of professional training. At the same time, many programs are rather inefficient as the rate of recidivism is quite high (Berg & Huebner, 2011). It has been acknowledged that inmates respond better to programs that involve the development of family ties (visitation of children and so on). This study will evaluate a corrective program that focuses on family links, which will also help to identify reasons of recidivism and weaknesses of as well as possible ways to improve the program. Purpose Statement The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and ways to improve it through analysis of attitudes as well as personal performance during and after the program among female inmates. Some recommendations on ways to improve the measures will be included. The study will be based on the mixed research method and, the rate of successful participants in the program (those who reintegrated fully) as well as particular attitudes and ideas of (former) inmates concerning the program. Research Question After the completion of the program, are mothers or female guardians less likely to break the law? Hypothesis After the end of the program, mothers and female guardians are less likely to break the law. This is a measurable hypothesis, and a review of the inmates’ performance during and after the program, as well as an analysis of their attitudes, will help to reveal the efficacy of the program. Research Plan It is acknowledged that females are more attached to their children than males are. Thus, 50 women aged between 18 and 45 years old who have one child or more will take part in the study. The females will complete questionnaires before, during and after the program. Five inmates participating in the programs and five women who have completed a program and have been released for at least three months will be interviewed. These qualitative data will help identify the attitudes of participants of the program. Since this is mixed-method research, quantitative data will also be collected. Records on the rate of recidivism among those who completed the program will be analyzed. The records of females who have been released for six or more months will be included. The independent variables are the program, the number of children and age. The dependent variables are the number of children’s visits, components of the program, family ties. To ensure the validity of the research, some measures will be undertaken. Thus, triangulation, member checks, and thick descriptions will be utilized. It is also necessary to note that such threats to internal validity as selection, history, and at
Introduction Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) is a communication theory that explores the human response to unexpected contraventions of social norms and expectations during an interaction. It explains the consequences of nonverbal behavior infringements on outcomes like credibility, persuasion, and attraction that occur during interpersonal interactions. Expectations are the main governing force in human interactions. However, if they are not respected, the other party gets aroused and triggered, and the situation can only be moderated by the violator. The theory was developed by Judee K. Burgoon in the 1970s, based on the study of proxemics. Initially, it was known as the “nonverbal expectancy violations theory.” Later on, its name changed to the current as other researchers incorporated violations of social behavior expectations into their studies. Burgoon mainly focuses on nonverbal communication. The theory’s components include expectancy, communicator reward valence, violation valence, arousal, and threat threshold. In addition to proxemics and people’s interpretations of social behavior violations, the theory also envisages how individuals react to specific expectation violations. Communication Theory As mentioned earlier, the expectancy violations theory is a communication theory that aims to predict and explain how people react to violations on interpersonal communication, especially with regard to unexpected behaviors. It is based on the concepts of the uncertainty reduction theory, which states that human interaction reduces the vagueness on people’s behaviors during communication (West & Turner, 2014). It emphasizes how individuals perceive interactions in certain situations and contexts. During communication, people create expectations regarding the other parties’ reactions. Whenever these expectations are violated, a positive or negative perception could ensue (West & Turner, 2014). The behavior of individuals is largely influenced by their cultural values, and this has a grandiose influence on their reactions. Personal space is one of the factors that play an important role in the application of the theory. In that regard, it can be defined as the boundaries that people es
Jebel Ali Free Zone (JAFZA) is an international business hub that is located in Dubai. Since its establishment in 1985, this free zone has extremely expanded to incorporate over 6700 companies worldwide. It is strategically located between Jebel Ali Port and Al Maktoum International Airport, which are surrounded by an efficient and effective 6-lane highway infrastructure. These features make JAFZA a unique economic zone among other trading zones. Notably, this Economic Zones World is at the center of various continents like Asia, Africa, and Europe. Therefore, it drives the UAE’s economy. JAFZA aims at providing sustainable business environment to all its stakeholders; for instance, supporting entrepreneurial diversities and worthwhile innovations to its partners. It has been encouraging clients’ participation; for example, it offered incentives like tax holidays for over 50 years and even implemented currency uniformity. Moreover, the organization provides facilities like packing spaces, plots of land for office spaces and leasing, warehouses, which clients use as showrooms and storage facilities. Therefore, the organization offers a wide market to the entire clients. JAFZA, just like other organizations have been experiencing managerial problems that require a strategic and inclusive proposal to mitigate. The organization has different departments that perform diverse roles in ensuring their clients’ satisfaction. As an international organization, it has employees from all the world’s continents. All cultures are unique. As a result, there is a cultural conflict, which is different ethnicity, countries, and gender. Some employees believe that their culture is superior to all. This leads to lack of cooperation among the employees and departments in general. On the other hand, the organization deals with clients from varied backgrounds. Evidently, language barrier is a drawback that has affected the economic zone. Consequently, communication among stakeholders has been a major challenge. This has resulted to stereotypes and difficulties in integration among the stakeholders. Additionally, JAFZA has a bureaucratic arrangement or structure. This scenario has made it difficult to pass information to the required destination without distortion or alteration and omissions. Moreover, there has been a challenge in obtaining feedback as the departments are operating independently. The lack of departments’ link poses a pronounced threat to the communication passage. This scenario can also lead to dishonesty and untrustworthiness among the firm’s
Introduction According to Harrison (2006 pp13), anxiety can be described as a feeling of uncertainty and fear without an apparent objective. He further explains that Anxiety ranges from moderate to severe reactions which may lead to continuous avoidance of the feared situation or object. According to Landow (2006 pp 98), indicators of stress are emerging especially among college students. He further adds that, depression, anxiety disorders, and suicidal tendencies are evident with time (Landow, 2006, p. 98). Moreover, anxiety feelings are a universal human experience, which could be as a result of fight or flight (Harrison, 2006, pp11). Generally, anxiety can be viewed as a normal reaction to any kind of stress that one is going through. According to Hudson (2009, pp 173), results of a study carried out on twins who had anxiety disorders indicated that, it is individual’s environment and shared environment that contribute to the anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders can
Abstract The purpose of this report is to establish the relationship between recruitment, screening, selection and staff retention and how these processes ensure effective hiring. This will be achieved through establishing a relationship between them (Muchinsky, 2006, p. 166). This processes must be mixed together to come up with an effective strategy for recruitment. The careful implementation and consideration of these processes results in effective recruitment eventually leading to a productive and quality workforce. These processes, if well planned and structured, will aid in encouraging staff retention. Preface This report contains the vitality of the careful implementation of the recruitment process. It outlines the importance of the recruitment, screening and selection process and their relationship. It also covers staff retention and its relationship with recruitment. This report is meant to dwell on the importance of the recruitment process, and to tackle factors that may setback or challenge the process of effective recruitment implementation. It is targeted at anyone who aims at starting a business other than sole-proprietorship (Champoux, 2010, p. 516). The book is written in a linear order in relation to the recruitment process i.e., recruitment introduction, screening, selection and finally staff retention. Introduction The employees form an integral part of the organization and that is why various ways of employee hiring are being adopted by different organizations. This is because of the vitality of choosing the right people and placing them at the right posts. Hiring is a key component and is very important to every organization (Chmiel, 2001, p. 420). This responsibility lies with the Human Resource department which determines the vacancies and type of employees the company needs. Job Analysis This is an important step in the recruitment process. It is used to aid in recruitment and can be used in diverse ways including choosing of employees, laying out the training requirements needed in a particular job and helping in setting the pay for the job. Some companies employ job analysts to aid in job analysis. Two key compone
As more and more organizations come face to face with a multicultural workforce structure due to enhanced globalization and internalization of labor (Seymen, 2006), contemporary managers must demonstrate proficient cross-cultural communication skills if they wish to succeed in today’s global environment (Munter, 1993). The present paper discusses some communication strategies that can be used by organizations to train managers to deal with a multicultural workforce. Adler (1991) posits that “…achieving effective communication is a challenge to managers worldwide even when the workforce is culturally homogenous, but when one company includes a variety of languages and cultural backgrounds, effective two-way communication becomes even more difficult” (p. 63). However, contemporary organizations are now using a multiplicity of methodologies to train managers to communicate more effectively with employees who have different cultural backgrounds. One of the methods is to provide the managers with basic training on cultural diversity issues without necessarily studying individual cultures and languages in detail (Edmondson et al., 2009). For example, organizational managers should be exposed to short multicultural communication courses offered by learning institutions because they help them realize that a basic understanding of cultural diversity is critical to the actualization of cross-cultural communications. Second, cross-cultural managers should be exposed to non-verbal communication cues to assist them in overcoming barriers to communication (Munter, 1993). However, it is imperative to understand that non-verbal cues and gestures may mean something completely different to each culture, thus the need to display complete understanding of the cues to keep the multicultural workforce running smoothly. The “thumbs up” sign, for example, exhibits high approval for American employees but may be considered as vulgar by the Greeks (Munter, 1993). Third, organizations should expose cross-cultural managers to in-depth training on language nuances as extant literature demonstrates that conversational style and subtle discrepancies often occur even in the absence of a language barrier (Seymen, 2006). For example, managers must be made to realize that