ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Journal Article Critique Introduction of the purpose of this critique paper and the aim of this paper The aim of this critique paper is to evaluate the journal article on the capabilities of market-driven organizations. It is extremely valuable to find out what the author has actually written as far as organizations capabilities are concerned (Moore 2003, p. 145). This will be done by trying to find out the viability of their arguments in the world of business. This means that, in this paper, we are going to compare the work of the author of this journal with those of others in the field of marketing. In order to know whether the journal has arguments that can be useful to marketers in building their businesses, it is necessary to analyze marketing theories and other theories brought forth by the author of the journal in order to establish the strengths and weaknesses (Moore 2002, p. 130). It is extremely pertinent to relate the given literature with marketing literature in order to find whether the author has argued according to what is known. There is no way an author can come up with an article without any basis in the known literature and theories, unless they have carried out adequate experiments to prove their arguments. Furthermore, it is essential for authors to make skillful use of existing literature to come up with their own versions. In fact, any literature being put up in a journal should be an improved or revised version of what has been written before. This means that due to changes in the business environment and technology, some arguments may be outdated hence cannot apply in any business in the current environmental setting (Hodge, Anthony and Gales 1996, p. 110). This leads to the urge to revise the theories to suit current situations (Upbin 2000, p. 13). For example, many businesses today are changing with technology, and they need to lay off some employees. Where, old literature proposed large number of employees to ensure smooth flow of events within an organization, technological changes may contradict the theory hence bringing the need for revision. Therefore, in this paper we have to carefully evaluate and analyze every argument. This will lead to a conclusion where marketers will be advised whether to rely on the journal article or just ignore. If the journal article has not done the expectations of marketing theories, then it is going to be nullified as reliance on it might lead to losses in organizations (Blank 2000, p. 26). Summarize the journal, “The Capabilities of Market-Driven Organizations” The journal, “The Capabilities of Market-Driven Organizations” is focusing on market driven organization. These are organizations that align their management with market expectations. These organizations are said to be flexible such that they conform with various market expectations that lead to acquiring consumer equity hence maxim
Outline There exist various aspects of justice policy regarding crime, among them, being crime theories in regard to how they influence justice system as far as criminal issues are concerned. Lombroso’s theory talked about the impact of biological setup in human beings on crime where he was influenced to a great extent by the study of evolution by Darwin. The theory suggested that criminals had characteristics that were similar to those of animals and which led them into criminal behavior. The theory was criticized because control factors from the environment that was likely to affect the study were not adequate. Another challenge to this theory is that, correlation may not necessarily lead to causation because research has shown that, criminal behavior cannot be inborn. Introduction The issue of criminology has for a long time being described and analyzed through biological theories that largely depend on nature as well as nurture. These theories revolve around the question of whether the character that leads an individual to commit crime is inborn or is learned. Although there are several theories on crime, they all have a similar objective in finding out whether the way an individual looks may communicate anything regarding his/her potential in being a criminal. In 1876, Lombroso came up with the first theory on crime that has today been analyzed regarding its strengths and weaknesses. (Rafter, 2006). Lombroso’s proposals on the theory Lombroso’s theory essentially argued that, criminal behavior is inherited and can easily be identified through physical defects that had the capacity to confirm an individual engaging in criminal acts as savage if not atavistic. He said that, as opposed to evolution that occurs to most individuals, individuals who commit criminal acts undergo devolution and this makes their behavior societal. This theory suggested that, all individuals have inborn potential towards committing crime which means the predisposition is innate. It also proposed that, the way a person looks also known as physiognomy, determines the kind of behavior he/she is likely to have regarding crime. According to this argument, if the behavior that leads to crime can be inherited, then the individual who engages in criminal acts can easily be identified through physical characteristics. The theory also suggested that, people who are not criminals are normal and are referred to as Homo sapiens while on the other hand criminals have an element of retardation and are therefore referred to as Homo delinquent. According to Lombroso, individuals who are criminals share common physical characteristics such as a brow that is narrow and slopping which signifies low level of intellect. They also have high cheekbones as well as enlarged ears. It is also common for them to have more nipples than usual as well as extra fingers and toes. Their jaws tend to be renowned and this is characteristic of the individual who has a strong passion. (Blanc, 2006). Research also indicated that, the behavior of such criminals is usually different depending on the person they are interacting with and the
Uber Technologies Inc. is an American global enterprise which permits its clients to use a mobile application to submit a request for a car trip, which is then satisfied by car owners using a similar application and traveling in the same direction. Thus, Uber allows for sharing a car ride. In most countries, this service is cheaper than a taxi; however, in Dubai, UAE, the service is, on the whole, more expensive, which is compensated by certain other advantages (Crompton, 2016). In this paper, a PR campaign is offered to popularize the services of Uber in Dubai. Planning Background Preliminary fact finding An interview with a representative of Uber revealed that the company is interested in increasing the amount of rides provided via popularizing its services as environmentally friendly, innovative, convenient, and always available for use. Secondary research The services of Uber are currently popularized mainly by using the Internet. Numerous reviews of the service in different countries are available on the Web (Proud, 2015; Stone, 2014), as well as the critique of the innovative model of business and comments pertaining to its legal situation; the latter is challenging because a completely new model of business has to develop in an obsolete legal environment that tries to regulate an innovative enterprise using old means (The Economist, 2015a; The Economist, 2015b). Negative reviews can also be found on the Web (Crompton, 2016). Scientific sources also contain information about legal issues that Uber faces (Posen, 2015; Ross, 2015); furthermore, scholars note that Uber’s model of operating presents a disruptive innovation in the taxi business (Cramer & Krueger, 2016), and that this model is likely to become considerably widespread in the future, when “consumer goods will be available as a service” (Smith, 2016). No information about Uber was found on government websites. Priority Audiences The campaign will be aimed at middle- and upper-middle class people working in Dubai who have to travel around the city a few times every day, and who either do not possess a car or might prefer using something else due to a variety of reasons (such as traffic congestions). Goals and Objectives In the short term (nearly two or three months), it is expected to raise the potential clients’ awareness of the services provided by Uber and their advantages (fast, convenient, easily available, high-quality), and increase the number of provided rides by 3% by launching a social media campaign and advertising Uber via radio. In the long term (1 year), the financial goals are to increase the number of pr
Introduction As one continues with the teaching career, he or she improves on quality with respect to roles, responsibilities and boundary observation. These qualities are assessed and communicated to teachers through the teaching/training cycle. There are various roles, responsibilities and boundaries that a teacher is expected to keep to during his or her career. The main role of a teacher is to ensure that he or she has enhanced communication in class so as to encourage all students to participate in the discussion (1). The teacher is supposed to conduct regular assessments of the selected sessions so as to guarantee that they effectively meet their intended objectives in a manner that is understandable to all students. Through assessing various learning styles implemented on different groups as well as students’ motivation, a teacher can be able to come up with the best teaching method to use throughout the program. Roles of a teacher Apart from enhancing communication in class, the other role of a teacher according to the teaching cycle is to look for the most relevant materials to use in teaching. A teacher is expected to effectively organize teaching materials as per lesion requirements. For lesions that require audio or editorial facilities, it is the role of the teacher to ensure that he or she has organized for these materials in advance before embarking on the lesion. For every subject, there is a set number of hours per week that a teacher is supposed to teach. These hours are set in a way that if the teacher keeps to them, he or she will be able to complete the syllabus by the end of the term. In this regard, it is the role of every teacher to ensure that he or she has taught the subject for the agreed number of hours per week (2). As students continue with their studies, they require getting assistance from their teachers. The teacher has the role to guide and support the students as they go on with their studies. The teaching profession is a continuing process. Every teacher has the role of ensuring that he or she undergoes regular training to improve his or her teaching skills. Responsibilities of a teacher as per teaching cycle When teaching every teacher has various responsibilities that he is supposed to meet. The main responsibility is to regularly re-evaluate progress and change during the course and develop a flawless transition to ensure smooth delivery (3). As students continue with their studies, they become more conversant with the objectives and aims of the course. This leads to their needs changing. Teachers have the responsibility to assess the changing needs of their students so as to improve the quality and effectiveness of their subject delivery. Course organization and its consistency are responsibilities that require adjustment and flexibility to meet the newly identified changes in students’ needs. According to the teachi
Advantages, disadvantages and ranking TCT is a multinational firm that manufactures and sells a range of high quality office equipment in about 12 countries across the globe. The strategic management of the business establishment has enabled it to realize excellent performance outcomes. With regard to its expansion endeavor, the company needs to hire a highly qualified managing director to head operations in India. It is important to analyze the merits and demerits of the six candidates that the committee for selection has identified within the company. Tom Wallace The employee is young and energetic to execute growth strategies adopted by the management. It is documented that he has worked with Mr. Kent on a number of key projects in the US. Thus, he has substantial knowledge in project management. In addition, Wallace has technical and sales skills that would help to drive up the sales of the firm. However, he cannot fit to work in India because he only speaks English and due to his lack of foreign exposure with regard to work. In addition, he is set to retire in seven years. Therefore, he is not the right candidate to set long-term goals of TCT in India. Brett Harrison The employee of TCT has a wealth of experience, especially in terms of line activities and supervision of junior workers. As asserted by his superiors, he is poised to move into upper-level management in five years time. In addition, he has toured Asia a few times in the past, a fact that makes him understand the geography, politics, customs, and outlooks of India. However, he might not be the right candidate for the vacancy because he cannot go to India with his wife who works for a company that does not have operations in any country in Asia. At
Analysis of a photograph from the Newseum From the Pulitzer Prize gallery, I was particularly drawn to the Memorial Day photograph by Antony Suau. The picture taken in 1983 shows a lady embracing a tombstone, which is said to be on the grave of her husband. There are many more gravestones behind the woman with the United States flag planted beside each grave. The background of the image is blurry, indicating that when Suau took the photograph, he had one central area of focus and opted to indiscriminately isolate the other items in the shot. The thematic groundings of the picture are grief, pain, and suffering that are left to widows of war. The woman in the picture is in deep anguish and openly communicates her sorrow. However, her mood tells me that she is proud of her husband and his commitment to the nation. The woman’s pain is caused by the war and the raw manner in which she presents it indicates that she is in a war of her own – a war of emotions. The numerous gravestones in the shot depict a great number of men who went down serving their country. They (the stones) stand clean bearing some military trappings; this is a clear indication that the men buried there served in uniformed forces and were working as a team when they went down. The flags represent national pride; it shows that Americans are proud of the fallen soldiers. The photograph was published on the front page of the Denver Post , and at the time, it was mainly aimed at evoking an emotional response to the price that Americans had to pay for peace. Most of the people who saw the photograph when it was published for the first time still hold the image in their memory because it reminds them of the pain and strife they went through whenever they experience the loss of a loved one. With the image winning the Pulitzer Prize , it has gained international repute being showcased in vario
Introduction The entry of Irish immigrant in Cape Breton began after the discovery of the island by John Cabot in 1497, this also saw the influx of other communities such as Scottish, French and English in the island. Since then, these communities and others who came afterwards have remained on the island to date. Various historical authors have given the factors why Irish immigrated to Cape Breton. The potato famine, which occurred 1840s in Ireland, is thought to be the driving factor behind their immigration. However, other historians cite that Ireland is a country that has been made up of tenants, laborers and farmers with its economic lifeline dependent on Britain. Hence, these economic struggles and challenges with prospects of land ownership in North America motivated them to emigrate. The Irish people carried along their culture to new lands during their emigration; hence, this became a part of their community daily life. In Cape Breton, where they settled between 1700s, they continued to practice their culture besides adopting other cultures among other communities they interacted with. This paper discusses the Irish culture in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. The writer indicates that the Irish people have continued to preserve their culture over the ages, hence, this is reflected in their music and dancing, symbolism, language, religion among others. Music and Dancing Music and dancing are important elements for a human soul. Music inspires and relaxes the soul, thus bringing about happiness. Similarly, dancing is captivating and is also critical for a person’s mental and physical well-being. Thus, Irish community in Cape Breton has maintained this culture close to their heart. McGee illustrates that Irish people still embrace their traditional music on the island to date (60). Hence, common musical varieties on the island include Anglo-Irish folk songs, Gaelic, pipe and fiddle music among others. Also, McGee (83) indicates that Irish music is a popular among other communities on the island because it is lively and fosters passion. On a similar note, Irish dancing styles are astonishing. The Irish people have continued to uphold “Step Dancing”, a style of dancing, on the island (Hedican 319). Step dancing is where a dancer swings his/her loose ankle swiftly causing the sole of the shoe to make comical sounds. Similarly, an Irish dancer uses rigid torso and a free leg while dancing to the music rhythm. The uniqueness of Irish Music culture in the island has attracted many young people from other communities. Hence, most of them have emulated the music and dancing styles through learning and practicing.
Deviance and crime are two very important social problems faced by humanity today. Deviance generally refers to behavior or behaviors which go against what is acceptable by the community. It is action in ways not considered to be normal by the larger society. This is in relevance to the norms established by the society under consideration. Consequently, what may be considered as an act of deviance in one society may not be so in a different society. Crime on the other hand is utter disobedience to the written laws. It is however true that the written laws are largely influenced by the society’s set of norms. There are different explanations as to why people engage in deviance or crime in the society. This paper looks at the functionalist approach to the explanation of the causes of deviance and crime. The theory was developed by Durkheim who noticed that traditional societies were better bound by common norms as opposed to the modern societies a condition which he termed as anomie. This being the case, people are at greater liberty to pursue their own interests as opposed to collective interest. Some level of deviance is however healthy as it leads to better adaptation of the society. The functionalist approach argues that too much individualism leads to increased deviance and crime. This is because a large portion of the society wishes to behave against the established norms as they serve their own interests. Individualism is a selfish approach towards every aspect of life. The individual is only interested in furthering their selfish interests and often, this approach is in conflict with what is socially acceptable. An example is a case where an adult deprives his/her children of the required necessities of life despite them having them adequately. In such a case, the individual is engaged in deviance as a result of extreme selfishness resulting from individualism. Secondly, Robert Merton developed the theory by explaining the causes of deviance and crime as a result of strain. Strain here is defined as a condition witnessed within so
Introduction The key aim of the given paper is to study and analyse the case of a forty one year old client who is married, has two school age children, and he is in a contentious relationship with his partner with whom he started relationship in the age of fourteen. Since his adulthood (20 years old), the client threatened the partner from time to time with suicide, if the partner followed through on the threat of leaving the client. In addition, throughout childhood, the client was really concerned about the opinion of those surrounding him in all aspects of life, including the choice of partner. The client has problems containing his emotions. When confronted by the counsellor in relation to his behaviour, he often repeats suicide threats and gets very angry with the counsellor because he thinks that the counsellor is not able to understand him. This case study will compare two differing techniques of treatment to resolve; Albert Ellis’ (1957) Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT), which begins with A-B-C (plus D and E added by Ellis), to William Glasser’s (1965) Reality Therapy. The paper first discusses a ten week REBT intervention plan and how it will be used with the client, followed by a description of the use of REBT therapeutic approach. It will also include a detail description of the use of Reality Therapy method. REBT intervention plan REBT – Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach designed and established by Albert Ellis. It was originally named as Rational Therapy, but was renamed as Rational Emotive Therapy in the 1970s, and again as Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy in the early 1990s. As the first of cognitive behaviour therapy, REBT was
Introduction The most common types of psychiatric illnesses are depression, delirium, and dementia. All of them have a biological explanation behind brain changes, genetic predisposition, and neurotransmitters’ issues. Nevertheless, dementia is the only one that is actually not treatable. According to Cavanaugh and Blanchard-Fields (2018), dementia is a “family of disorders” that involves behavioral and cognitive deficits due to permanent adverse changes to the brain structure and its functioning. It is usually related to older people, but dementia is not an element of normative aging, it is rather a mental illness. The main types of dementia and their behavioral implications would be discussed further in order to devise a proper care plan. Main body There are more than a dozen different types of dementia. Nevertheless, dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer’s disease, and Vascular dementia are the most common ones (Oh & LaPointe, 2017). Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused by rapid microscopic changes in the brain, including neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and abnormal cell death. According to Oh and LaPointe (2017), there are direct correlations between neuroanatomical conditions of different parts of the brain and patients’ behavioral functions. For instance, tissue loss in the cingulate cortex, frontal gyrus, and prefrontal cortex was correlated with disinhibition, apathy, eating disorders, and digressive motor behavior. Other behavioral changes in the early stages are irritability and depression. In later stages, patients may be aggressive, emotionally distressed, restless, suffer from hallucinations, delusions, and sundowning. Vascular dementia (VD) is usually caused by brain damage following a stroke or heart attack, which leads to numerous small cerebral vascular accidents (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2018). As a result, the patient suffers from a rapid cognitive loss, but it is usually limited to specific abilities. The behavioral symptoms can differ because they depend on which part of the brain was impaired. However, the main symptoms are impaired judgment, memory, and motivation loss, deteriorated ability to plan. The third most common cause of dementia is Lewy body (DLB). It is a progressive illness that is usually combined with Parkinson’s disease and visual hallucinations. The white matter is more intensive in the brain of a patient with AD than with DLB, which points to behavioral changes (Oh & LaPointe, 2017). People who suffer from DLB have oscillating cognition with significant shifts in alertness and attention and experience spontaneous “parkinsonism.” Despite being incurable, behavioral issues and cognitive deficits of AD can be alleviated with the help of medication and behavioral intervention strategies. The latter strategies are b