ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Coronavirus disease outbreak has exposed people across the globe to government-enacted public health measures that conflict with their daily plans. Some of the measures enforced by governments include a curfew, quarantine, closure of businesses and schools, and cessation of movement. Over time, such measures have resulted in a broad scope of psychological problems that encompass depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, fear, sentiments of confusion, drug use, and anger (Giallonardo et al., 2020). Devastating sentiments of boredom, fury, isolation, frustration, job loss, increased cost of care, and loneliness is associated with poor mental health. In the post-isolation or quarantine period, the loss of employment attributable to the deteriorating economy worsened by stigma regarding the disease has increased the negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on society hence raising the probability of suffering mental health problems. Impact on Mental Health The international community is grappling with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its lasting consequences. The pandemic is also going to influence different facets of life, for instance, businesses, the agricultural sector, economy, international market, and medical care to mention a few. Currently, the focus of nations and international agencies such as the World Health Organization is on the management and alleviation of the effects of the pandemic by enhanced identification, testing, treatment of infected individuals, and development of vaccines and medication. Nevertheless, regardless of the endeavors to overcome the effects of the pandemic, there is still uncertainty concerning the course that the disease will embark on in the future. The World Health Organization has expressed great concern regarding the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to ensuring psychosocial consequences (Zhou et al., 2020). New measures such as quarantine and self-isolation coupled with the influence of lockdowns in different nations across the globe have resulted in a rise in issues of family violence with, mainly women and children, having no means of escape from abusers. Akin to other pandemics that happened in the past, the outbreak of Coronavirus disease has led to deep-seated alterations in the family, over and above other social relations. For example, the irresistible requirement to limit physical contact, remain at home and wear a mask have a possibility of causing loss of intimacy and breakdown of social networks hence exacerbating psychological and physical isolation. Attributable to increased mental health problems associated with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, physical and psychological problems such as headaches related to both prolonged wearing of masks and excessive financial burden, depression, and lack of sleep have become common. Variations in usual duties and habits generate increased stress for all members of the family, encompassing children who have stopped going to school, freely playing with their friends, and vi
Introduction In Abu Dhabi, like in most other developed cities, car rental is a thriving business. With modernization, technology has found its way into the business, especially in the form of computer usage in the assignment of cars to clients and in the tracking of the vehicles when the hand-over is complete. This proposal is specifically for the design of software to be used in handling the transaction processes before the car is given to the customer, as well as in the clearance process when the client returns the vehicle. System overview The software, tentatively named AutoXpress Car Rental will fundamentally help in the collection and storage of details about the client. As such, it will provide slot for the input of the customer’s name, government-assigned identification number, employment/business number and contact details. Secondly, it will have the facility to allow the feeding of the car details. Here, the attendant will provide the make of the car, its registration number, the year of manufacture, mileage covered and servicing details. This information can be fed into the system in advance and is continually up to date, through the addition of any relevant information. This will make it easier for the operator to provide the correct information, because all he/she has to do is type in the registration number of the car and all associated details spring up. Next, AutoXpress will allow the presentation of the details of the contract between the client and the company. Here, the operator will feed in the amount of time for which the car will be out, the agreed rental cost per day and the total cost. Finally, the software will carry the terms and conditions of the transaction. This can be an auto-generated page that the client needs to go through in order to be clear on how the can be used. The ramifications of going against the established regulation will also be presented, before a slot for the customer to provide his/her signature as proof of agreeing with the contract is provided. Design considerations In the development of the software, the first guiding pointer is that it will be used by individuals with varied computer understanding levels. Consequently, it will only be prudent to ensure that its interface is as simple as is practically possible. The page layout will be made in such a way that unnecessary clutter is left out, in order to make the software less strenuous on the computer’s operating system. Simplicity will also provide for easy updating and error rectification. Assumptions and dependencies The software will be designed in such a way that it can be used with almost any available operating system. The most obvious ones are Microsoft Windows (in all its formats) and Mac OS. The software should easily work in tandem with other drivers such as the ones providing the connection to the printer a
Introduction and Literature Review Shariah-compliant investments emerged in the 1990s and prohibited taking of interest, speculation, and making investments in sectors considered immoral such as alcohol, pornography, or cigarettes under the Shariah law. In addition, Shariah’s banking law requires the customer and the bank to share gains and losses. This sector still represents less than one percent of the investments in the world. According to the KFH-Research study, the activity of Islamic banks account for 80.3% of the assets, which is valued at 1.3 trillion dollars at the end of 2012 (an amount close to funds invested in private equity) (Zawya, 2013). Sukuks accounted for slightly less than 15% of the total. It is obligations to circumvent the payment of interest (forbidden by Shariah) by backing such products with assets that pay upon performance. In the case of the British debt, London could exchange for funds received to provide an asset. Islamic funds represent four percent of the masses managed, while insurance (takaful) is still in its infancy, but it is estimated to represent one percent of the market. Risk of Sukuk Different types of risks affect Sukuk, just like other financial instruments. The first distinction of risk is notable between market risk and other kinds of risk. Market risk is a risk of an instrument, in this case, Sukuk, traded in a specific market (Heffernan, 1996). It can be subdivided into systemic risk that relates to governmental and economic guidelines or idiosyncratic risk that relates to different firm particular instruments that can be priced out of a relationship with other organizations’ instruments (Tariq, 2004). Market risk is compounded by equity price risk, forex risk, equity price and commodities risk, and interest rate risk. For instance, sukuk fixed rates and traditional fixed rate bonds experience the same interest rates in a similar manner. On the other hand, Sukuk certificates are indirectly linked to fluctuations of the benchmark interest rate,
Although the US government makes significant efforts to provide proper educational opportunities nationwide, many social groups cannot afford high-quality education, and even in the United States, many children remain illiterate (Carter et al., 2013). The rate of illiterate children in the vast majority of states is around 20%, which is an alarming number (Wiggan, 2016). Educators and officials of many countries (developed and developing) have acknowledged that more attention should be paid to education in elementary, middle, and high schools (Gallagher, 2012; Lyon, 2012). Therefore, the international community has focused on creating education strategies promoting the ideas of alternative education (Sullivan, 2016; Thomas, 2012). Alternative education implies the use of innovative educational strategies and methods that are not utilized within the curriculum accepted nationwide. KIPP can be regarded as an illustration of the effort to promote the principles of alternative education. The organization was established in 1994. Mike Feinberg and Dave Levin, the founders of the program, we’re guided by their focus on helping students from poor communities in developing and mastering their knowledge (Kapalka, 2007). The founders began the program in Houston, but it expanded to other states as well (Angrist et al., 2011). The logic behind choosing those regions is simple as the founders have always tried to accomplish their mission and assist learners living in the areas with limited educational options (Ark, 2012). Thus, the second school was set in New York (in one of its poorest parts, Bronx). Other states include Philadelphia, New Jersey, Oklahoma, California, Missouri, Maryland, Illinois, Colorado, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Minnesota, Louisiana, North Carolina, Ohio, Florida, Georgia, and District Columbia. The regions chosen are often characterized by a considerable population density and a significant number of underprivileged people. The groups who mainly benefit from the establishment of the KIPP charter schools are low-income families, ethnic minorities, and immigrant
Employee proficiency and engagement are among the most significant factors of business success in the hospitality industry. The satisfaction of customers and their desire to revisit the site depends on the efficient recruitment and staff management. In the presented case, this thesis is confirmed by the decline in seasonal profits of the resort and an increase in the number of customer complaints related to employees. For these reasons, effective HR policies are necessary to improve the conditions of the resort operations and increase its attractiveness to customers. According to Boella (2017), high rates of staff turnover and unfavorable working conditions for employees are traditional problems in the hospitality industry. This paper considers the significant challenges of the resort related to staff recruitment and retention, as well as service standards and corporate culture. It proposes relevant and suitable HR recommendations designed to improve the business situation. Staff Recruitment Main Issues Hudson brothers discovered that less than half of the employees who were employed the previous year desired to return to the hotel. Moreover, the primary category of casual workers in this season was young people in their twenties. Their motivation was generally not related to career development in the company or a desire to evolve in a particular area. Young employees considered the job as a temporary opportunity and were more interested in having a good time than in using it for professional improvement. Thus, it is natural that this group of employees was not aimed at high-quality service provision standards. It should be noted that the recruitment process is the main issue in this regard. The resort needs competent, motivated, and engaged staff to improve profits and customer satisfaction. Particular attention should be paid to the ways of finding employees, vacancy positioning, and the proposed employment advantages. Researchers point out that work-life conflict, workplace-induced isolation, and excessive stress in the hospitality industry are severe constraints to applying for these jobs (McGinley et al., 2017). Such features that repel many potential employees can be overcome with skillful workflow design. Moreover, they are less typical for seasonal work, which emphasizes its suitability for some of the potential employees. HR Recommendations The means and resources used for recruitment should provide the opportunity to reach out to a wide range of potential employees. This will increase the possibility of attracting more professional staff willing to build a long-term career relationship with the company. At the same time, it is necessary to recruit workers who are prepared for seasonal work. Digital platforms, including social media, constitute a particular area of interest in this regard. According to Ladkin and Buhalis (2016), “an online- and social media-empowered recruitment model demonstrates the dynamic multi-way dialogue between employers, current employees, and prospective employe
The most important feature in religious diversity is an absolute truth. There are different forms of diversity which include sexual orientation, racial diversity, political diversity, religious diversity, and lifestyle diversity. The development and escalation of diversity in the world are seen as a significant social phenomenon in the society. The focus of this paper is to analyze religious diversity in the U.S. America has seen an incredible transformation in the religious aspects of its citizens. Varying in beliefs and practices, some religions in America have flourished while others literally disintegrated. This has been greatly influenced by multiculturalism in the United States. Some religions are formed by immigrant heritages but some were founded from within the stats (Hout & Fischer, 2001). Religion plays a very imperative role in the lives of many Americans because the majority of people subscribe to at least one particular religion. The majority of Americans identify themselves with the Christian faith. Only a few of the entire population lack the religion that they pledge loyalty. In America, therefore, there is a very high level of adherence to religious beliefs. Nonetheless, the United States have worked hard to separate the state from religion being the only developed country without an official religion recognized by law. Americans are entitled to the freedom of their religious affiliation (Hout & Fischer, 2001). Almost every religion found in the entire world is practiced in America which can be attributed to immigration. The United States of America is on the brink of division due to religious difference. It happened in the past and as it seems, history will repeat itself if the people of America keep on expressing the hostility they manifest against each other based on religious differences. It is evident that political stands on certain national matters are greatly influenced by religion. These include such matters as the issue of abortion, for example. Therefore, it is important to note that religion can be used to divide the people as adherents fighting for supremacy (Hemeyer, 2010). All the religious groups in the United States have embraced the religious pluralism arguing that there is only one true God. The only difference is with the formalities they exercise in reaching out their God. All regions teach and support purity of the heart as a way of embracing humanity as they all condemn violence and intolerance. However, in every religion there is a hidden belief that their faith is the only one, which is true in the world, hence it ends up looking down upon other religions. This means that religions in the world are divided by their beliefs and attitudes towards other forms of faiths (Hemeyer, 2010). Religions, which are considered universal such as the C
Article Critique From the analysis of the five areas, I can say that the evidence presented supports the conclusion made by Babcock et al. (2004). Specifically, the researchers found that in three of the four hospitals that took part in the study, the infection rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia fell by between 38 and 61 percent following the educational intervention program. These results were observed in both adult children’s hospitals as well as community hospitals. Hence, the results could be generalized to different health settings. This conclusion was arrived at following the data analysis and results from the analysis which supports the conclusion. The major ethical issue that arose from the study was access to personal health information of the participants. Specifically, the researchers needed to gain access to the common database kept by the Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology Consortium of the health system where the information about ventilator-associated pneumonia is kept (Babcock et al., 2004). Gaining access to the health records of patients is a very sensitive issue because health records are confidential and should only be used by professionals who provide direct care to patients. Thus, the researchers had to obtain permission from the institutional review board and the hospitals’ administrations so as to access the pa
Introduction There are certain factors that affect the psychological growth and development of children especially during the adolescent stage. The type of parental care given to these individuals will greatly influence the psychological and social development among them. In the article “ Introduction to Special Section on Cross-Cultural Research on Parenting and Psychological Adjustment of Children”, Dwairy and Achoui, (2010), attempts to examine how parental factors relate to the psychological disorders in adolescents across different cultures. Dwairy seeks to ascertain the hypothesis that the parental factors and their influence on the health of the adolescents differ across the cultures. Summary of the article The parent plays a key role in the mental health of the children. Providing too much for the needs of the child or extreme negligence of the needs of a child will affect his psychological development. The hostility, authoritarianism, lack of family connectedness, and rejecting parenting are some of the parental factors that have negative impact on the psychological adjustment of the children. The inconsistency and incoherence in parental care is yet another factor that affects psychology of the adolescents. There are different approaches given to the relationship between parenting factors and the psychological adjustment in the children. Baumrind’s parenting style entails warmth and control (Dwairy & Achoui, 2010, p.1). It is characterized by authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative parenting styles. Authoritarian style has low warmth and high control. The parents exercise control over the children who are not to argue but abide by the given directives. Permissive parenting style allows the adol
The Stuff Project Human beings make use of natural resources to sustain their lives. Even though there are diverse cultures all over the country, all people need shelter, clothing, and food. However, other resources tend to improve the quality of life that a given individual leads. Such resources are not common to all people and thus tend to bring out differences in social class. As the urge to satisfy certain human needs increases, so does the need to use more natural resources which may end up straining the natural environment. The difference in culture puts people in diverse social class brackets, whereby certain cultures tend to use natural resources more than others. For this reason, it is believed that the difference in culture influences ecological balance. However, if the natural resources are used in the wrong way, they may be depleted, and the world might in the end crush. This paper looks at a series of activities to assess the individual consumption patterns as well as values. Besides, the analysis will also look at the values and consumption patterns of other close people. The project is divided into four parts; Part A, B, C, and D, with Part B being divided into sections 1 and section 2. Part A Inventory of the “stuff” in one of my rooms: My room has the following items: a bed, chairs, a television set, stools, utensils, a wall unit, a wardrobe, a laptop, a desktop computer, mobile phones, a gas cylinder, a stove, and clothing. Before arriving in this room, there was a bed, a wall unit, and a wardrobe. I brought in chairs, a television set, stools, utensils, a laptop, a desktop computer, mobile phones, a gas cylinder, a stove, and clothing. Considering all the “stuff” mentioned above, the estimated value of my inventory is $10, 000. An investigation of the “stuff” that I currently have shows that I lead a moderate life. In an event that all my inanimate possessions were about to be destroyed by a natural disaster and that I had only a chance to save three things, I would save my clothing, gas cylinder, and my utensils. The gas cylinder and utensils are important to me in that they are necessary for food preparation. My clothing satisfies the human need for clothing. Part B Section 1 Recently, I purchased a 100-liter water jerry can, food supplies, bedsheets, a mosquito net, and a pair of shoes. I bought the water jerry can and food supplies three weeks ago, while I bought the pair of shoes, a mosquito net, and a bedsheet two weeks ago. I bought all these items from Amazon online store. Food, water, and my health are important, and that explains why I bought food supplies, a water jerry can for water storage, a mosquito net to guard me a