ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The phenomenal increases in health care costs have become a central issue of concern to the business community. The centrality of concern for employee’s health is logical. According to Warner (2000), “three interrelated premises underlie the perception that economic concerns are of preeminent importance, that is, the impact on the bottom line, the rising health care costs and evidence linking poor health behaviors and rising costs of disease incidence”. As Young (2006) and Armstrong (2007) contend “the expansion of the employee’s benefits, the aging of the workforce and growth in the retiree population have combined to exacerbate health cost inflation in the business community”. It follows then that the company spending less on health care costs increases their bottom line. It has been stated that an information infrastructure is needed to communicate health care information, track participant progress, program evaluations and training schedules. The core of our disease prevention and health promotion program will therefore be to create more awareness of the benefits of WWP among the top employers in the entire nation. This will be structured around the tenets of developing a health and productivity management model that will directly relate the company’s investment in WWP to its overall productivity and profitability (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2007). The program will be structured around a 3-level design of:  1. Creating awareness of the benefits of WWP programs and services provision,  2. Addressing lifestyle and behavior changes and  3. Promotion of activities aimed at changing behavior and knowledge through follow up among the top employers in the entire nation. Specifically, the program will assess employee health behavior with a questionnaire and physical assessment of exercise habits and body fat measurements, prior to offering help to control high-risk behaviors in areas such as weight control, nutrition, and stress management. The program will also offer classes, self-study and individual support. Further to this, the differences in the number and type of health promotion programs and services offered and the employer costs for the services offered within the programs will be reported. Key Words: WWP (Work Site Wellness Programs) and productivity management model. I have made extensive application of my pre – writing strategies to narrow and define my topic and overcome “Writers’ Block”. These include brainstorming, mind mapping and free writing. In the brain storming stage, I have listed the information that I have generated within my topic and put down all possible terms that have emerged in the course of this pre – writing strategy. In mind mapping, I have explored the relationships between my ideas while at the same time focusing on the main subject. I have then proceeded to free writing strategy where I have generated a lot of information that are
Galatians, one of four letters confidently attributed to Paul himself (Bruce 1), addresses a group possibly including “exiles in dispersion” from Roman persecution, but more likely consisting of converted local ethnic Celts, in today’s Turkey. (Bruce, 14). They had little prior Jewish connection, but they had fallen under the influence of some who emphasized adherence to Jewish law over-dependence on faith for salvation. This departure from his teaching frustrates Paul. He points out that living in the Spirit empowers a different way of life. He then lists some behavior incompatible with the life of the Spirit. For gentile converts confused by the conflict of Paul’s gospel message with Jewish law, this message would have been liberating. It would have meant the inclusion of people who were not prepared to undergo adult circumcision. For the gentile converts of the first century, the issue of following Jewish law (chiefly circumcision but also eating unclean meats, as in those offered to idols, as for example in I Corinthians 8-10) was a barrier to a full embrace of salvation by faith (The Holy Bible). Jews who were following Jesus still considered themselves Jews, but this left out gentiles. How, gentiles must have wondered, could they be both saved by faith and observant Jews? Furthermore, there were all sorts of other sinful actions to avoid, as well in the Roman Empire in the first-century C.E.. The problem is solved by living in the Spirit, acknowledging that life has changed because of Jesus’ generous act. This state of giving the strength to do “what you want,” or good and positive things, rather than what the “flesh” or the human impulses of our beings prompt us to do (The Holy Bible Galatians, 5:17). This is an empowering idea that builds on God’s loving, correcting actions over millennia but casts them in a new light. Today, we worry less about circumcision than about, for example, appropriate behavior towards others on the job or in our church fellowships. Today, we might ask for the help of the Spirit in appreciating them as examples of God’s wondrous creation rather than lusting after them. With the help of the Spirit, we can have the fortitude and self-control to view others as our sisters and brothers rather than as sex objects. The alternative, which is to separate people so that there is less chance of contact and transgressing current norms (both according to secular society and church expectations), is equivalent to the Judaizing approach that Paul criticizes. This sol
Introduction In Will Bury’s case scenario, Will is an enterprising inventor, who made a decision to make a business of selling audio digitized copies of books using his patented technology. Being an engineer in mind, Will has little knowledge of business concepts, and in that regard, the first attempt of providing older books with lapsed copyright and newer books at higher prices, resulted in low sales with proportions contradicting his expectations. In order to outline the main areas of weaknesses in Will’s decision, this paper provides a brief overview of the basic concept of economics, which Will might have missed due to his lack of knowledge. Analysis The first principle that should be mentioned is the marginal analysis. This concept is related to weighing the costs and the benefits of a particular decision (McConnell, 2009, p. 5). In that regard, prior to taking vital decisions, such as raising the price of the book, Will should establish the marginal costs and the marginal benefit of such decision, and compare them in order to establish the reasonability of taking such move. Such basic concept can be applied to all the decisions presented in the scenario, such as digitizing older books, using CD copies of the books, or hiring employees to do the job. Another important concept is related to demand and supply, where for the first part, the law of demand states that with other things equal, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded (47). Applying this concept to Will pricing decisions, the demand can be increased by lowering the price of the product, and vice versa. This concept is applicable, providing that there is not any other confounding factor, such as the prices of other similar products in this category, as well as any other demand determinants, such as the taste of buyers, and their numbers in a specific market. Regarding supply, its law states that a supply increases with the increase in price, forming a positive relationship between the two (51). It should be noted that the same rule of all things equal apply in this case as well, where supply determinants, specific to the case, such as the loyalty fees, the prices of the CDs, prices of competing products, Will’s expectations, and the number of sellers, all can influence the supply of the product. Following the aforementioned concepts, Will should be able to establish the equilibrium of price and quantity, i.e. a certain scale in equilibrium, where the supply and demand matches. In that regard, knowing these aspects, the changes in demand and supply can adjust the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity (54). Additionally, another concept applicable and specifically related to setting the price dilemma in the scenario is the elasticity concept, which
Introduction Hospital operating rooms have been identified as critical sources of surgical site infections (SSIs) and, therefore, extremely sensitive in the facility. Surgical procedures expose patients to operating room microorganisms transmitted from surgical equipment, healthcare workers, air and patients’ own surgical sites. Notwithstanding, notable developments have been witnessed in surgical procedures and infection control strategies, patients still experience surgical site infections in operating rooms. Outcomes of these infections are noted on the quality of care, including increased mortality and morbidity, extended lengths of hospital stays and costs of care. While deaths are involved in some cases, costs can be significantly high. Consequently, the Medicare, for instance, no longer caters for costs associated with SSIs. Thus, patients bear such financial burdens. On this note, innovative change models are necessary to mitigate adverse outcomes at operating rooms because of surgical site infections. Innovative Change Model for Operating Room The innovative model for change identified for the operating room is user-driven innovation. The user-driven innovation puts much emphasis on “the user to adapt and customize products, including devices, processes, and outcomes” (Blakeney, Carleton, McCarthy, & Coakley, 2009, p. 1). The most important aspect of the model is that it highlights the relevance and abilities of end users to adapt and design products while sharing their knowledge to meet the identified needs. Blakeney et al. (2009) noted that nurses have often used user-driven innovation model when they need to change policies, procedures, devices and certain situations to account for immediate or specific needs of patients. By adopting this model, nurses can create innovative processes and procedures for operating rooms as long as they possess the required skills and expertise to customize specific processes, practices, guidelines and procedures. Nurses must work collaboratively with others as they share ideas to improve operating room procedures. Sharing of ideas is necessary to ensure that nurses can leverage and combine diverse efforts to develop innovative solutions. Nurses can achieve this through cooperation and networks, which would enhance the turnaround time a
Introduction The Day of the Dead documentary highlights how Mexicans connect with the dead during the Day of the Dead ceremony. The documentary provides detailed accounts of the ceremony by highlighting how the traditional-adherent Purepecha community, which is located in the “Island of The Souls” conducts the ceremony. Alan Aldridge describes a cult as a religious devotion towards a particular object or figure 1 . The ceremony is a cult constituting of the catholic denomination’s religious beliefs and the pre-Hispanic rites. The Purepechas and other Mexicans religiously devote themselves to the dead during the ceremony. The ceremony derives the belief in life after death and the idea that the dead are invisible companions from the catholic denomination. Besides, repetitive pre-Hispanic rites from the previous generations inform the ceremony. A General Overview of the Documentary’s Message The basic message of the ceremony is that the dead never die. They appear during the ceremony to spend time with the Mexican people. As a way of paying homage to the dead, the living persons believe that they must offer gifts. They also believe that the dead can communicate amongst themselves and share their expectations. Therefore, the living persons imagine what the dead would prefer in terms of food, beverages and decorations. They gather the items and offer them to the dead by placing them on their tombs. In simple terms, the ceremony offers a means through which the living persons communicate with the dead. As Alan Aldridge highlights, the highly intuitive nature of religion shows that religion must appeal to three aspects, which include people’s needs, emotions and human reason 2 . However, as discussed in this paper, the theoretical aspect of the ceremony shows that the ceremony fails to appeal to human reason. This raises concerns regarding the ceremony as a practical religious function. Nevertheless, the assessment of social-sociological mode of expression shows that the ceremony focuses on appealing to emotions and needs, such as comfort and belonging. This explains why the Purepecha and other Mexicans adhere to a ceremony that is impractical according to normal religious standards. The Theoretical Aspects of the Day of the Dead Ceremony As Hent de Vries notes, the theoretical aspects of religion constitute the invisible world and the belief in ultimate reality or a supreme being 3 . In any religion, these two constituents should have a
The term acid precipitation or acid rain describes the wet form of acid pollution that can be found in rain, sleet, snow, fog, and cloud vapor. In general, the pH of acid rain ranges between 5. 0 to 5.6 and this is because of natural atmospheric reactions involving carbon dioxide. In fact, some sites in eastern North America have precipitation pH is as low as 2.3 (Pidwirny n.pag). Such precipitation can have an immense adverse effect on all kinds of life. Acid precipitation occurs due to the secondary pollutants that form from the oxidation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) or sulfur dioxide (SO2) gases that are released into the atmosphere. Industrial activities and vehicular pollution are the main cause reason for NOx and SO2 gases. Additionally, these gases are also released into the atmosphere due to volcanic eruptions. Studies have found that further reactions within the atmosphere can convert these pollutants into nitric acid or sulfuric acid. Acid deposition both in the dry form as well as in the wet form influences the environment and the associated living organisms in several different ways. For instance, in aquatic systems, acid precipitation can affect these ecosystems by lowering their pH. The impact of acid rain is not the same for all organisms. It is common that streams, ponds, or lakes that are present on bedrock or sediments rich in minerals such as calcium and/or magnesium are obviously buffered from the effects of acid precipitation. Acid precipitation can kill even the adult fishes in the aquatic system (Pidwirny n.pag). Another most important problem is that acidified lakes contain high concentrations of toxic heavy metals such as mercury, aluminum, and cadmium. Though these heavy metals are present in the soil and bedrock surrounding the water body, these chemicals are found locked in clay particles, minerals, and rocks. However, the acidification caused due to acid precipitation can unlock these chemicals from the terrestrial soils and bedrock and is found in the soluble form. These heavy metals in the soluble are toxic and are easily leached by infiltrating water into aquatic systems (Pidwirny n.pag). In other words, the most hazardous environmental problem by acid precipitation is the increased solubilization and mobilization of toxic metals. These toxic metals then enter the food chain and get accumulated at higher levels. Therefore, studies have predicted that adverse health effects could follow after increased human exposure (Gerhardsson et al 237-245). The terrestrial land and soil can get seriously damaged by acid rain. It may directly affect some of the tropical microbes that are not able to tolerate an acidic environment. However, there are some microbes that can rapidly consume acids (Rodhe et al. 4382-4388). The microbes that are generally killed are because the acid can denature the life-supporting enzymes. In fact, scientists have found that the hydronium ions that are present in acid rain can also leach away essential nutrients and minerals (US EPA n.pag). Acid precipitation can also be harmful to agriculture due to the nutrient leach. A
Introduction Caffeine is a stimulant that is extracted from plants with its major source being coffee plants. In its extracted form, caffeine exists as crystals which are bitter in taste. As a stimulating drug, caffeine is commonly used by youths especially those in college. This paper seeks to discuss the reasons why college students should not turn to caffeine. The paper will look at some of the trend of involvement of college students into caffeine consumption and the risks that surround consumption of caffeine by college students. Caffeine usage by college students The use of caffeine by students has been identified as a common issue. Being readily available in soft drinks such as “coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate, soft drinks and over the counter preparations” (Landrum 151), students who have come to believe that caffeine can stimulate their bodies to respond more to the demands for more study time are increasingly getting involved in the consumption of caffeine purposely for its stimulating effects (Landrum 151). A number of researches that have over time been conducted on the use of caffeine by college students revealed some trends in such consumptions. One of the trends that have been realized with respect to the consumption of the drug in college is that caffeine consumption by students bears some relationship to the level of effort that students need at a particular time in their study. This follows the college system that has less work for the students at the beginning of an academic season which gradually increases with time as the students approach their exams. According to researches, it has been significantly identified that as students approach the exam periods, their rate of consumption of caffeine increases. The students have therefore associated caffeine with the capacity to study, an opinion that is promoting the consumption of the substance am
Increasing patients’ access to healthcare services is an issue that has gained particular importance in addressing the needs of the aging population. Among key barriers to accessing health services, the lack of funding for rural places needs to be mentioned first. The identified issue seems to entail major concerns for aging people as far as the management of their health needs is concerned, from the quality of provided care to the options for transportation to local health management facilities (Hash, Jurkowski, & Krout, 2015). However, on a deeper level, the issue at hand can be seen as the misplacement of state funds and the focus on urbanization. Once the current principles of locating funds are reconsidered, rural areas could have a greater range of resources at hand. The redesign in the state budget and the reduction in the number of expenses for specific aspects of managing urban public health could have a significant impact on handling rural issues associated with aging. Nonetheless, the described issue is likely to persist due to the flaws in the current infrastructure and the spatial arrangement of healthcare facilities (Siconolfi et al., 2019). Since it is financially impossible to place a healthcare facility in every minor area, a better transportation system has to be created for rural patients to be able to access healthcare facilities within a short amount of time. For this purpose, the integration of innovative technology and the reconsideration of the current infrastructure will have to be seen as possible solutions. Thus, patients will receive timely and appropriate care despite the fact that the rural setting sugge
Introduction Human Resources (HR) play a significant role in the framework of any organization because they interact almost with every person within it and provide HR products. HR practitioner is expected to ensure that only the most qualified candidates become a part of the company’s personnel and then do their best while managing them. In this way, a range of HR services can be rather extended, and their users can also be represented by different groups. Users of HR Services HR services are mainly utilized by executives, line managers of the company, and its current employees. Executives deal with decision-making, so they need statistics and personnel data. Thus, they can deal with forecasting and budgeting. Line managers usually focus on hiring operations, creation, and preservation of safety organizational environment and supervision. Their basic need is recruitment, in the framework of which they are mainly concerned with the work with potential employees. They interview candidates and hire those who are likely to bring the most benefit to the company. Another significant need of line managers is training. Experienced representatives of this position coach department managers for them to know how to deal with their workers and observe the best practices. Finally, they also need to be efficient in disciplinary actions. Employees as the users of HR services and the major asset for any company need their contracts of employment to be generated appropriately and according to the current law. Here, HR services can include ensuring a positive working environment with no discrimination or corruption. Another significant need for the personnel is grievances. The workers should obtain support and rewards from HR for them to become more motivated (Martin and Whiting 187). The need for training presupposes the selection of the most appropriate training programs that allow the employees to fulfill their duties and develop constantly. How the Needs of Service Users Can Be Ensured Thus, it is obvious that the users of HR services have diff