ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Electronic wars are increasingly becoming a common phenomenon in modern society. Developments such as the advent of computers and the Internet have greatly influenced how individuals, groups, and organizations create, store, and retrieve data. A large number of industries depend on computers for automation purposes and the initiation of various business activities. Electronic storage devices are quickly phasing out traditional filing systems. This trend has resulted in the insecurity of information. Consequently, organizations have to address the safety of their systems to minimize attacks by fraudsters. Cybercrime can lead to the leakage of important data, system interference, and the delivery of unsatisfactory services to consumers. It can also taint the reputation of individuals and organizations. In some serious cases, electronic wars have threatened communication and information systems of not only organizations but also countries. Hence, as revealed in this paper, it is crucial to examine various leadership challenges that arise from cybersecurity to provide viable solutions that can help modern organizations to deal with electronic sabotage. Leadership Challenge of Cybersecurity Managing information in the digital age has become one of the most demoralizing challenges encountered by managers. Creating, storing, manipulating, and retrieving information has become extremely sensitive, especially when using computer-aided devices and the Internet (Gordon, Loeb, Lucyshyn, & Zhou, 2015). As such, the protection of an organization’s system is essential to minimize the threats of cybercriminals. With the ever-increasing propagation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), the urge for instantaneous and unlimited exchange across national and international network boundaries has become irrepressible (Gordon et al., 2015). Many individuals have invested in cybercrime businesses that aim at defrauding companies and individuals millions of dollars each year. As a result, leaders are afraid of online fraud, the loss of intellectual property, and identity theft. These administrators are supposed to guide organizations to achieve goals by ensuring improved institutional performance and competitiveness. They should implement appropriate infrastructural changes to improve the achievement of shared objectives. In the context of this paper, leaders are expected to lead organizations by executing policies that protect their businesses from cyberattacks (Gordon et al., 2015). This objective can be realized by establishing plans that enhance the safety of existing organizational systems. According to Smith (2015), the protection of businesses from electronic sabotage is an area that is currently receiving attention from world leaders. Swindlers often develop malicious software to gain access to a firm’s information systems. As such, leaders are now charged with an extra task of protecting their companies from cybercrime by adopting defensive tactics. This goal can only be achieved by using strategies aimed at preventing malicious software from intruding on an organization’s infor
Ethical Issue Facing Health Care: Healthcare insurance issues The healthcare industry is littered with complex issues and ethical dilemmas. One of the most serious ethical issues can be classified as a dilemma as well. It is actually a combination of issues revolving around the problems tat come with healthcare insurance of patients. These problems can range from whether or not the person has healthcare insurance to the doubt that whether or not the insurance providers are going to pay for the medical treatments. Sadly, such issues affect the manner in which doctors treat their patients, today (Pan, 2008). The Issue and the People Concerned The specific ethical issue is whether a dilemma; a doctor has to decide between treating a patient, or not, who may require serious medical attention, with the doctor being unclear or negative about the patient’s healthcare insurance standing. In an extreme case, the patient might not have insurance and probably would not be able to pay for the medical treatment. In another case, the insurance might cover certain forms and aspects of medical treatment but not others. Should the doctor stay within the boundaries marked by the insurance parameters or they do what ever it takes to make the patient feel better? Or, should the doctor treat a patient with no medical insurance and risk not getting paid for it? In other cases, even though a patient might have healthcare insurance, the provider may or may not pay for the treatment – that is another issue that concerns today’s healthcare professionals. There is always an issue that concerns the information provided to the insurance providers and they can change their terms or deny coverage based on their criteria. Therefore, doctors and other healthcare professionals tend to be very particular and careful about healthcare insurance coverage of their patients (Edge, 2006). The people that are most affected by this issue are the uninsured population. This population has increased over the last few years, mainly 2007-2008, due to the economic downturn. There are several factors that contribute to the increase of the uninsured population; the primary one is economic situation. People have been subjected to layoffs and unemployment. Those who are employed may have experienced pay-cuts. In such situations, people cannot afford healthcare insurance costs, which have increased due to inflation and the price rises by pharmaceutical companies. Such people tend to discontinue such services so that they can afford other necessities. The population also includes minorit
As a reading I chose An examination of living through enjoyment: Live-action role-play by Amanda Odom. In this article Odom gives a detailed characteristic of live-action role-play, explains its problems and main points. This text allows me to learn about the details of such a special form of human communication and interaction as role-play. The reading is relevant to the class because it is focused on communication and it examines how people react and interpret media content like movies and videogames. The article can be divided into five sections. First, the author describes her own experience as a role-play gamer, tells about her feelings when she knew something was dangerous but her character did not, and she had to act as her character. After that, she explains what role-play games are and what types they have. Then, the author compares the fictional roles of role-play gamers with the real social roles that people play every day. Next, she explains how the players choose their characters and how they must behave depending on their characters personality (gender, education, physical training, temperament, social status). After that, she pays attention to the scenery, how they make it. In the end, she hopes that one day video games will develop and people will be able to be physically present in a game. The author reflects on the relationship between the character roles people assume, i.e. role-play characters, and the social roles we perform every day, i.e. workers, parents, citizens, soldiers, etc. The central idea of the text is that the socializing of an individual does not happen by getting some knowledge or memorizing some rules, but by acting . The example of role-playing demonstrates that learning a lot of different information about an ancient warrior would not make a person an ancient warrior; instead, having to live and interact with people as an ancient warrior would make them socialize as this warrior. This fact applies to the real roles as well. The author mentions some necessary definitions that are important for the understanding of the topic, such as the following. Role-play gaming is any form of game where people take roles. Live-action role-play is a type of role-play gaming where people act physically (not through internet and computer). In character (IC) means that a person is currently playing as a character, so all things they say and do are attributed to this character. Out of character (OOC) means that a gamer stops playing for a moment to act like a real person (for example, to say they are tired). Game master is a person who creates the game and is responsible for the rules; game masters control everything on the game. As for my personal reaction, I was surprised when she started to describe the behavior of her character because this did not look like a scholarly article. But as I r
Anthony Kennedy was born in 1936 in Sacramento, California. After he had graduated from Harvard Law School, he started teaching constitutional law (Madani, 2013). In the 1970s, Kennedy became a part of the U.S. Court of Appeals. In the late 1980s, he was chosen by Ronald Reagan to be one of the Supreme Court justices. Anthony Kennedy made a name for himself for his conformist views. Moreover, the majority of his decisions emphasized the issue of individual rights (Madani, 2013). It is important to mention that Kennedy served in a number of positions throughout his career (including the Army, the Federal Judicial Center, and the Board of the Judicial Conference of the US) ( Biographies of current justices of the Supreme Court , n.d.). Just like his father, Anthony Kennedy is connected to the Republican party. He also was a campaigner in California and got acquainted with another activist who had been closely related to Ronald Reagan. Later, Kennedy was the one who provided help to Reagan in outlining the first Proposition which was an election initiative intended to minimize state spending (Madani, 2013). Anthony Kennedy is known to be one of the most startling and volatile justices on the US Supreme Court. He managed to provide a considerate unconventionality which failed to replicate any specific philosophy. His occasional withdrawal from conventional jurisprudence mirrored an open-minded outlook on several individual rights (Matt, 2016). For instance, even though he was commonly reverent to the government on criminal law and other issues associated with it, he voted, along with other liberal justices, to pronounce undemocratic a Texas regulation that proscribed the despoliation of the American flag (Madani, 2013). The decision was based on the fact that the Constitution views such decrees as figurative speech. The views on foreign law are seen as a protruding aspect of Justice Kennedy’s sporadic difference in comparison to his more old-fashioned colleagues (Madani, 2013). This has triggered discontentment among the majority of conformist Congress associates and politically aware experts. In addition to being a Justice of the country’s highest court, Anthony Kennedy is also involved in a number of interesting didactic projects (Madani, 2013). In addition to his Supreme Court practice, he often visits China to conduct lectures. He is also well-known for his lectures on international law in the United States and Canada. Kennedy was involved in the development of a didactic program for senior justices in Iraq. He had also taken an important part in the creation of an online program aimed to endorse American culture and values (Madani, 2013). I believe that it is appropriate for justices to use their real-life experiences in their interpretations of the law. Nonetheless, this issue should be seen as a double-edged sword for the reason that the application of personal beliefs and experiences may be unconstitutional and have nothing to do with justice (Gibson & Nelson, 2016). In Kennedy’s case, the line between personal experiences and judicial decisions is rather thin. He proved to be driven by equity, but can al
Introduction This paper will analyze the concepts of marriage, relationships, and commitments. The films, Fools Rush In and Mrs. Doubtfire, will be analyzed in a bid to elaborate the aforementioned topic. This goal will be achieved by engaging events that reflect and build the topic. According to Chambers (86), marriage is one of the remarkable decisions that people make in life. It entails the promise by two people to come together and share life on all aspects as one inseparable unit. Marriage, relationships, and commitments are different phenomena, but they are enjoined in purpose, and thus they will be discussed throughout the paper by generating examples from the aforementioned two films. The choice to engage the film, Fools Rush In, by Alex Whitman and Isabel Fuentes as actors, hinges on the premise that it begins by the two actors trying to establish a relationship, even though they do not believe in it. Alex does not like marriage-minded girls, but the moment he meets Isabel for the first time, he wants to hold on her despite his fears to commit to a relationship that might result in a marriage. The choice of this film is influenced by the view that it links well with the topic by highlighting the challenges that marriages face and the factors that influence people’s failure to be committed in relationships. The second film, Mrs. Doubtfire, is acted by Daniel Hillard and Miranda as his wife whom they divorce in early stage of the plot. The choice of this film is influenced by the act of Daniel being represented as a husband and father who cares about his marriage; however, he is not ready to show his commitment until he undergoes a divorce. The theme in this film serves to show the importance of understanding each other’s need in marriage, as opposed to waiting until one gets a divorce and start wishing to do things s/he never did for the marriage like in the case of Daniel. Marriage, relationships, and commitments Individuals should not just wake up one day and decide to get married. On the contrary, marriage requires unparalleled patience, humility, and understanding by both partners. Marriage is the decision by two individuals to experience life together at all levels with outmost understanding of each other coupled with sharing life on social, economic, and spiritual levels. To most people, marriage is a bold act of adulthood and maturity, but to others who rush into committing themselves, they might end up in divorce even before they understand its basics. The journey to understanding justice, commitment, and compassion in a relationship is turbulent, and thus it requires the involved parties to take ample time and think through their lifetime goals, visions, likes, and dislikes. The early stages of marriage involve developing unconditional love after which each partner creates hope of lasting love and this atmosphere can only be sustained if couples are fai
Summary Gilroy, H., Nava, A., Maddoux, J., McFarlane, J., Symes, L., Koci, A., & Fredland, N. (2015). Poverty, partner abuse, and women’s mental health: New knowledge for better practice. Journal of Social Service Research , 41 (2), 145-157. In this assignment, a critique of the above article selected from the blackboard will be reviewed. Therefore, this discussion will focus on the article written by Gilroy et al. (2015) named “Poverty, Partner Abuse, and Women’s Mental Health”. More specifically, the article will be reviewed based on the following sections: research question, study design, sample, measurement, results, and reporting. In general, the study aimed at investigating the interaction between poverty and the severity of abuse in women. Research Question The research question being studied in this article is how income intersects with partner violence (physical and sexual) and impacts the mental health of women. The three hypotheses for this study were:   * Abused women with lower levels of income, specifically those living below the poverty line, will report more mental health symptoms;   * Abused women who report higher levels of physical and/or sexual abuse will report more mental health symptoms;   * There will be an interaction between the poverty level and severity of abuse, with abused women who report less income and more abuse reporting the most mental health symptoms. The hypotheses were stated clearly at the end of the literature review. Similarly, the literature review is well-organized and presented, making it easy for an audience to follow. Sample The study adopted a convenience sample of 300 women who used either justice services or shelter services. The sampling plan for this research was outlined clearly; it indicated the location from which the sample was selected and the methods to collect it. For example, the sample population included 150 women who used shelter services and the remaining 150 utilizing justice services. The authors relied more on the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale (SVAWS) to identify women with high or low levels of violence. By coming up with an extensive plan, the authors aimed to maintain the reliability and validity of the longitudinal study. In addition to this, the external validity of this sample was strong because the authors gave each participant an equal opportunity of being selected. Study Design The stage for this study is descriptive because the authors were more intere
Social justice is a critical concept in public health because it helps to ensure that people from various vulnerable populations can achieve better health. Nurse practitioners have an essential role in promoting social justice since they work closely with patients and other care providers. The present paper will discuss the contribution of the project to social justice and social change, as well as the health scholar-practitioners’ role in promoting positive change in healthcare. The project focuses on adults aged 45-64 years who live in Bronx, NY and have type 2 Diabetes. There are two main factors that make this population vulnerable. First, according to Stringer (2015), Bronx has a relatively high share of uninsured persons. The lack of insurance creates critical barriers to obtaining proper healthcare, thus contributing to people’s risk of developing a variety of medical conditions. Secondly, an established diagnosis of type 2 diabetes contributes to the vulnerability of this population. High blood glucose as a result of diabetes can lead to other health issues, including heart disease and stroke (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2017). Poor access to care can also delay the treatment of diabetes mellitus and lead to patients developing complications of this condition, including kidney damage and diabetic foot ulcers. The project will seek to improve social justice by identifying gaps in care for this vulnerable population and making recommendations for addressing them. For instance, if patient education is found to be a significant factor affecting diabetes management in the defined population, the project will help to bring this issue to attention and encourage care providers to improve patient education. Consequently, the project will also contribute to social change by spreading awareness about the influence of diabetes on the vulnerable population. This could help to support policy initiatives designed to improve access to care and achieve better health outcomes in adults with diabetes. Nurses have a crucial role in leading positive change in healthcare. According to the Code of Ethics of the American Nurses Association (2015), patient advocacy and leadership should be among the primary values for nurses. N
It is beneficial for management of corporate to communicate lightly with their customers and members of staff. This is because the two groups of people are the most important elements of any business enterprise. Customers provide market and revenue while employees provide manpower to manipulate and run the market. The story under discussion is “McDonald’s advice to the hungry” which aired on the Market Place Money program. From the episode, it is evident that MacDonald’s management team took considerations and involved light moments in communicating with customers and staff without affecting their integrity. The story revolves around an instance when MacDonald’s told customers to break food into small bits whenever they were hungry. In a light hearted manner, the breaking was to make food “more” since they were to eat “less” and still not feel hungry. The story reflects on issues that arise in management of employees and communication to customers. The episode focused on the manner in which management of corporations talk to their employees on social and personal expenditure issues. The story revolves around words used by the management of MacDonald’s on their customers in relation to their food products. The episode follows up on a related story in which MacDonald’s advised their employees to take “food stamps” whenever their paychecks didn’t go far enough. Employee relations and human resource management topics are the main aspects from the course that relate to the story. According to the host, the story is also a follow up on a related story where employees of Walmart had held a thanks giving food drive to support other employees. This means that McDonald’s and Walmart have interactive resource management models and humanistic employee relations compared to other companies that focus on work-related aspects only. “ Shark Tank” Shark Tank is one of the most revolutionary and insightful business reality shows in America. The television series is a reality show that features prominent investors called “Sharks” who evaluate business presentations by aspiring entrepreneurs to invest in their businesses. The concept is based on a Japanese money show called “Money