ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the US, law enforcement officers interrogate apprehended suspects through various techniques. Uncooperative suspects habitually refuse to answer questions during interrogation. This compels law enforcement officers to use eccentric techniques to get critical information from criminals. Waterboarding is one of the unconventional techniques of extracting information from uncooperative criminals. Over the years, waterboarding has been used in Europe to get information from suspects. In the US, “application of waterboarding technique has remained controversial among lawmakers, criminal investigation officers, and legal experts” (USA Today, 2007). For example, some individuals contend that waterboarding is similar to other forms of torture (USA Today, 2007). This essay supports waterboarding because of the following reasons. Benefits of Water Boarding Waterboarding is a kind of torture in which a suspect is subjected to a drowning experience. It involves pouring water over a fabric wrapping the face and respiratory openings of a powerless suspect. This technique makes a suspect uncomfortable. Hence, he or she divulges information quickly. Terrorists are trained in harsh conditions to make them resistant to simple punishments such as starvation. Hence, it difficult to get information from terror suspects without subjecting them to extreme ordeals. Second, terror suspects should be interrogated as soon as possible because they can easily plan terror attacks while in police custody. More often than not, apprehended terror suspects do not give information that can be used to thwart their plans. Fortunately, waterboarding can compel a suspect to divulge information quickly. Information derived quickly from a suspect can be used to save millions of lives and property from an impending terror attack. Waterboarding method is based on the ticking bomb hypothesis. This theory states that a suspect in custody cannot easily give information about a bomb he or she is planning to detonate. Therefore, such an individual must be compelled by all means to reveal information as soon as possible to prevent a crisis. Waterboarding has extreme physical and psychological side effects on the victims. Hence, a suspect who undergoes such an extreme experience is less likely to engage in crime compared to a criminal interrogated through conventional techniques. Therefore, the extreme effects of waterboarding deter individuals from engaging in criminal activities. Also, terrorists use fear to recruit and compel innocent people to support their activities. Consequently, an equally terrifying deterrent such as waterboarding is needed to curb terrorism. Critici
Renaissance period is understood to have been a period of rebirth. It was a period of rebirth in virtually every aspect of the society. It was then an initial stage in history that artistic expressions were becoming popular in Europe and artists at this period were not just mere craftspeople but people with unique talents who were in positions to redefine their talents and their views towards nature and humanity. Consequently, mathematical innovations had an impact on renaissance art since it allowed the artists to redesign and portray objects and other human forms in real perspective and proportions. Renaissance in Italy began in the year 1400 and ended in the year 1600. During this period various ideas regarding to the ways of life were spread through Europe in dissimilar ways but during the similar period. There were several reasons as to why renaissance began in Italy. These reasons are: City States: The strategic location of Italy and particularly, the Mediterranean Sea factor which boosted Italian trade in the production of textiles and luxury goods. This trade was spurred by crusades, which facilitated the development of large city states in the northern part of Italy. During this period, the northern part of Italy was urban while the rest of Europe was still rural and since cities are home to information and exchange of ideas, the Italian city states became ideal ground for intellectual revolution. Prior to renaissance, the northern cities had been struck by Bubonic plague, which killed approximately 60 percent of the population. This had an impact on the economy, and since there were few laborers, they demanded higher wages. The plague also led to the reduction of business opportunities and this prompted merchants to pursue other ventures like art (Mantin 10). Merchants and the Medici: Wealthiest cities of trade at that time only existed in Italy, and they included Naples, Venice and Genoa. These cities had survived the economic crises which had befallen most parts of Europe during the late middle age period. There also existed a wealthy class of merchants who cropped up in the cities. Cities like Milan and Florence, due to their small geographical area made it easy for citizens to actively involve themselves in politics. Merchants dominated politics in these cities but unlike the nobility class, those merchants did not inherit a social rank, and they used their wits to succeed in business. Wealthy merchants developed the belief that they deserved leadership primarily because of their merit. This belief on personal achievement became instrumental during the period of renaissance. Trade: Trade brought new ideas, and Italy was at that time a renowned trading machine. Consequently, Italy was special because it was the centre of ancient Roman history; its architectural remnants, statues and amphitheaters were considered to be the Glory of Rome. These factors were a recipe for the renaissance (Mantin 12). During renaissance, man began thinking more of worldly things contrary to life after death. It was characterized by the ability of man to splendidly dress himself with jewe
Nothing in the world exists in a vacuum, and the ability to find links between different things defines the degree of our maturity. People often forget that the planet is not their property, and it makes them utilize harmful and unethical approaches to wild animals and their rights. In 2015, Kate Clark presented a series of taxidermy sculptures with human faces to illustrate people’s unwillingness to recognize themselves as a part of nature (Froelich). The combination of the brilliant idea and extremely controversial art materials raises a lot of concerns. At the same time, the existence of such projects highlights the need to answer the following question: where do we stand concerning wildlife? If there is one more approach apart from the normalization of violence against animals and supporting hypocritical animal protection initiatives, people have to find it. In modern works devoted to wild nature and its meaning for the human race, some authors tend to criticize the approach to understanding wildlife based on the romanticization of nature as an object. For instance, in her work titled “A Shark in the Mind of One Contemplating Wilderness,” Tempest Williams argues that wild nature is unique in its beauty when it is “in motion.” The author is a professional naturalist and environmental activist, and her love for nature prevents her from seeing animals as things that can be studied in any possible ways. Although the preservation of animal remains with the help of taxidermy belongs to the techniques that are commonly used in science, the author claims that there are many hidden threats and ethical issues associated with it. The use of animal bodies can lead to further progression of scientific knowledge in biology and increase common people’s levels of zoological literacy. However, apart from its scientific purposes, taxidermy can sometimes be seen as a form of art, and this tendency bothers modern environmental activists. As for the essay by Tempest Williams, one of the author’s main arguments relates to people’s inability to understand the beauty and complexity of wilderness by staring at dead bodies surrounded by decorations aimed at representing forests, meadows, snow-covered regions, or other places of habitation. In her work, T
Introduction It is widely known that the media plays a major role in determining how people interact in our societies as well as how they think. Movies, television programs and shows as well as the print media mirror the societal norms and what it considers important [1] . The media has for a long time misrepresented Asian women especially in the United States. Although the population of Asians living in the United States continues to grow, they are still considered as the minority group. Presenting Asian women as sex objects is worrisome because apart from misrepresenting them, stereotyping is also endorsed. As noted, the media plays a major role in determining how people in a society perceive things; in the same way it makes people to have false beliefs about these women. The film “Dragon Lady” portrays Asian women as having sexual appeal, exotic, calm and pretty; all these elements may not always hold true for the entire population of Asian women. It is easy for people to meet an Asian woman and make her a representative of other women of Asian origin; however it is important to know that each of these women is unique in her own ways. It is unfortunate that the Asian women not only have to carry the burden of how they are misrepresented in films but also the beliefs held by the society concerning women in general [2] . Historical Background The culture of stereotyping Asian women in films can be traced back to the colonial period. Colonization can be defined as ownership of something. Many writers argue that Asian women were viewed as goods that can be possessed [3] . They were portrayed as people without an identity. A clip in the film “Ancestors in the Americas” regards Asian women who migrated into the Untied States
Corporations in the United States play a very important role in developing the economy; the discussion in the paper is to see how private and public corporations in the U.S have evolved since independence by supplementing the government and its economy. Introduction Corporations in the United States have a long history and it dates from the year 1776 when the American people freed themselves from the English oppressors. By attaining dependence, the American people had access to their own corporations which were very productive in developing the nation’s economy. Colonialists used to exploit the citizens of America and this exploitation and misuse of natural resources triggered the revolution which led to the independence of the United States. It is believed that corporations were forbidden, since they used to influence the decisions which were made, for example in deciding the national elections. This paper will discuss the progress which the corporations have taken since the independence of the United States of America. In order to empower corporations in the U.S, the government has come up with policies and other mechanisms which enable such corporations to engage in the nation development. This discussion will also focus on the measures which the U.S government has taken to ensure that all corporation fulfill their mandate which they have been licensed to do. Companies that have been chartered by the national government have to reapply for the charter for them to continue offering services. Finally, the paper will discuss the importance of the government in the smooth running of corporations in the U.S. Discussion There has been good progress of corporations in the U.S since independence for instance charters are not offered to companies because of the good relationship they have with the state but they are offered through merit. In the early days of independence, there were protests in the streets over the procedures which the government used to license companies. There were battles in the streets also over the control of resources by the government and the private sector; furthermore, the private sector wanted more independence in the international and regional markets which were being controlled by the government. The government was against the independence of the private sector since some corporations were abusing their charters and deviating from the initial purpose which they have been licensed to perform. The U.S government approved some of the requirements which the private sector was fighting for and thereby allowing free trade and the involvement of corporations in the nation-building 1 . The government acquired some corporations which initially belonged to the British. Today corporations are no longer chartered but they are registered by the national government, regional or state government, and then regulated by the laws which have been legislated by the required authorities in the U.S. To register a company in the U.S one is required to show the budget and physical address
The main argument that can be used to evidence the inappropriateness of the Akaka bill concerns the ideas reported by Conklin who suggests that “current attacks on tribal sovereignty will instead be shifted to the new Akaka tribe” (par. 2). In this respect, the sovereignty of the tribe should be questioned because it destroys the concept of the sovereignty and indivisibility of the United States of America. As every independent state has its regulation and policies concerning the native population and their rights, the authorities of the United States should rearrange the division of the country giving sovereignty to the representatives of the Hawaiian community so that they could be engaged into self-governance which is a bit different concept from the one primarily suggested in the Akaka bill. The Akaka bill should be rejected because it justifies the possibility of every group of people with common interests to be considered as a self-governed sovereign unit. However, the separatist nature of this bill cannot strengthen the united states that are a home for a great variety of representatives of different nations. The problem exists concerning the concept of the Akaka tribe as a whole because it can be considered a historic entity that populated the territory of the currently acknowledged state within an independent country. For instance, Wu and Chen cite the idea suggested by Conklin: One of the most troubling aspects of the Akaka bill is its attempt to create an Indian tribe where none has ever existed. It would be the first time in history when Congress creates an Indian tribe out of thin air by recognizing a currently non-existent political entity and then putting in place a procedure to populate it (101). So, the population of the Hawaii is sure to be separated in accordance with the principles of tribe belonging and those people who have no Akaka tribe roots are sure to be discriminated and biased due to laws and regulations expected to come in force after approval of the Akaka bill. So, the Akaka bill should be rejected because it is aimed at identification of people’s historic origins rather than at moving towards a common future under the aegis and national flag of one country. Though there are many supporters of the Akaka bill, it is necessary to state that the unfair nature of the bill is obvious for a great number of authors including Dyke who analyses the bill with regard to all possible consequences. For instance, the author claims that the Akaka bill “would empower federal courts to hear claims” (Dyke 272) mentioned in the bill as “…over any existing claim against the United States arising under Federal law…” (Dyke 272). In other words, the integrity of the population is under threat of unidentified entity that wants to make the rights common for population of all states irrelevant for the people that live on the territory of Hawaii. The Akaka bill should be rejected because it is more likely to disintegrate people that currently live in Hawaii and deprive others of
The educational intervention program will be successful in preventing falls only after nurses start to apply the approach. Before implementing the education program, the organization needs to evaluate the needs, set goals, and start preparing for the change to prevent falls (Anaele-Nwogu, 2020). For complete sustenance and implementation of the nurse’s education intervention, there is a need to integrate organizational ongoing operation procedures. The strategy starts by defining the responsibilities and roles of nurses in preventing falls and the requirement to change to execute the best approaches. This will assist in minimizing resistance to the educational intervention by ensuring that all nurses understand why the concept is important (Ayton et al., 2017). The strategy address certain sections of paths and roles of accountability and communication. This paper summarizes the strategic plan for the nursing education intervention program in reducing falls. The approach considers the delivery of data on fall risks in patient’s hands off to other areas and during discharge of patients. All levels of management are involved in obtaining their support and assisting in improving the educational practices of nurses to prevent patient falls. During the implementation, there is a monitoring system to track the changes in the rates of falls. The program is sustained through constant informing of senior managers on the progress of reducing falls. The top managers are vital as they are the source of resources, communication and assists in removing limitations of the intervention (Boye-Doe, 2017). Pilot testing of the educational approach is essential as it helps identify any challenges in the recommended processes and practices at the early phase hence improving the program in implementation. The data from the pilot test assists the organization in adopting the nursing education in meeting hospital requirements. After completing the pilot study, there will be enough data on sections that need education to improve nurses’ knowledge. Nursing education needs to operate closely with the hospital’s existing understanding of fall prevention experts.
Introduction To enhance positive learning outcomes among the teachers, there is the need to analyze the teacher professional learning needs. I work in a girls’ university in Saudi Arabia. The institution values high quality teaching outcomes that include the ability of the teachers to engage in professional development. The university places value in Quality Teaching (QT) and has entrenched the pedagogy in almost all departments and teaching programs. Teacher professional learning through QT has however encountered challenges owing to the different characteristics of learning needs exhibited by different generations of teachers. In particular, the learning needs of ‘Baby Boomers’ and ‘Generation Y’ generations contrast sharply and may lead to different learning outcomes. Nonetheless, the institution’s ability to implement QT pedagogy has been instrumental in demystifying the roles and power relations between teachers and students for improved outcomes. There are opportunities within the institution of integrating other pedagogical frameworks that will lead to improved results although there are no formal arrangements agitating for the changes. Besides, the institution has the opportunity of ensuring that different learning needs exhibited by various teachers are opportunities for appreciating diversity within the education context. Lack of uniform learning outcomes among the teachers is a major challenge that may undermine the achievements made so far. This paper seeks to identify, analyze and synthesize factors that could enhance or inhibit QT professional learning. Factors Influencing Teacher Professional Learning in QT Like precedent pedagogies, QT works in framework that allows distinction of productive and unproductive pedagogies. QT is a pedagogical model that allows the teachers to fulfill their roles of imparting knowledge on students with efficiency. There are factors that affect QT model of professional learning. At the outset, Brock (1999) explicates that there are political dimensions that can inhibit or enhance professional learning. QT makes differentiations in that the teachers comprehend the distinction between quality of the teacher and the quality of teaching. This differentiation allows the teaching professionals to make changes in their teaching practices as opposed to making changing at personal levels. Indeed, Quality Teaching model of pedagogy distinguishes teaching and teachers explicitly. This factor allows the institution to provide high learning environment and deepen the comprehension of all students as a way of boosting improved outcomes. As such, differentiation is an impor
Floods represent one of the most common and costly hazards in the US. They cause fatalities, property and crop damage, destruction of public infrastructure across the country. While the federal government has been actively trying to reduce the scope of the problem for years, in the past decades, economic losses from floods have been growing (Li & Landry, 2018). Therefore, new strategies are required to adequately evaluate and eliminate the factors which contribute to the issue at the local level. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and its Community Rating System (CRS) play an essential role in flood management. The program is designed to support community-based hazard mitigation efforts, which often do not receive sufficient funding from local governments (Li & Landry, 2018). Regular updates to flood zone plans and regulations for construction issued by NFIP are vital to reduce the risks. Moreover, NFIP policies are designed to ensure household owners in the natural risk zones do not have to deal with high insurance costs (Li & Landry, 2018). Overall, in the past years, NFIP initiatives helped to reduce the hazard risks and losses significantly. However, the critics of the program note that NFIP has certain shortcomings. Qiang (2019) notes that many local flood maps are outdated. Moreover, the regulations often ignore the factors which can affect the flood preparedness of the communities. For instance, elderly populations and economically disadvantaged people represent the risk groups due to their limited mobility or poor housing quality (Qiang, 2019). The researchers believe that socioeconomic factors should play an important role in theevaluation of risks (Qiang, 2019). Hence, hazard prevention policies targeting the most vulnerable groups are required to reduce the losses from floods in specific communities.