ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The dress code in public and private schools has remained a thorny issue since America’s independence. Attempts by individual schools to introduce dress codes have historically been fought off by parents and interest groups. This resistance has robbed the country and many independent schools the chance to practically illustrate how the effectiveness of such a policy in improving educations systems. This essay will argue the importance of dress through various reasons that are contained in concurrent sections. Most, if not all, small communities in the United States have rules and regulations on how residents should conduct themselves. In fact, such societal codes help establish order and structure in respective communities. Lack of the same leads to abuse of liberties and corruption of morals becomes a daily occurrence. In this understanding, individual members of the society are quick to ensure that local codes are well respected by their fellow residents and visitors. Leads on these communities are further tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that all were acting in accordance with the codes. Considering that are small communities in all rights, they should be accorded the liberty to determine dress codes for its members, which has not been the case throughout two centuries of independent America. People against dress codes claim that such laws intrude into individual liberty, which is a big understatement because society codes are most intrusive. Dress codes issues in America have been serious to an extent that students have historically taken school administration to courts because of infringing on individual free expression contained in the 1 st and 14 th amendments (Libertarian Rock). In 1969, for instance, students in Des Moines, Iowa, won a court case against their school after being suspended for wearing a black armband as a Vietnam War protest (Bartlett 1003). Such court cases have made schools wearier regarding suspensions and disciplinary actions relating to the school dress code. Some students have, on the other hand, take advantage of schools administrations’ in their fears to tolerate dressing modes little do they know they are blocking the development of proper learning environments. An elevated education experience requires students to be provided with the right atmosphere with minimal distraction. The mode of dressing academic institutions is part and parcel of this environment and there should be no argument about that. Unfortunately for most5 of America’s academic institutions, teachers are expected to be at the forefront of following decent dress codes; students seem to be free to wear whatever they feel like. One only wonders why there have to be double standards among individuals comprising a social community. It is high time
Equality for all and freedom from discrimination based on sex, race or religion are some of the ideals that our society aspires to achieve. In the work setting, efforts have been made to reduce all forms of discrimination including racial discrimination. Racial discrimination in the workplace occurs when “employees are discriminated against because of their ancestry or physical characteristics associated with race” (Karsten 134). This discrimination is implemented when employees are subjected to disparate treatment due to their race or color. In some instances, the employee might suffer from harassment from his/her workmates. Hargis reveals that from the mid-20th century, racial diversity within organizations has increased steadily, and this has led to the decline in racially prejudiced attitudes (587). At the same time, outward manifestations of discrimination have decreased in the workplace. However, racial discrimination has not disappeared altogether, and it is still manifested in various workplaces. This paper sets out to discuss the different ways in which racial discrimination can affect employees. A significant effect of racial discrimination is that it leads to decreased job satisfaction by the employee. Job satisfaction is defined as the level of contentment that an individual feels with his current occupation. It refers to the attitude that the employee has towards his/her job and whether the worker genuinely likes his job. Mukerjee declares that economists have established that there is an economic importance of job satisfaction (62). Satisfaction levels affect the employee productivity as well as the likelihood of the employee producing exemplary results with little or no supervision. Research indicates that perceived racial harassment in the workplace has a significant negative impact on job satisfaction and motivation. When employees are subjected to racial discrimination, they lose the motivation to engage in their occupation. They also become significantly less satisfied compared to their colleagues who are not being subjected to the discrimination. The equity theory explains that when one worker is provided with greater benefits compared to another worker in spite of them doing the same work, the less benefited employee will experience dissatisfaction. Racial discrimination will lead to reduced commitment to the organization by the affected employee. This decline in commitment will adversely affect employee output and subsequently the organization’s productivity. Karsten suggests that the reduction in commitment level will occur because the employee who is discriminated against experiences distress in the workplace (231). This results in the worker feeling alienated by the organization. Therefore, his/her investment in the job will be reduced, and he will be seeking other employment opportunities. Campbell observes that perceived growth in the company is a significant driver of an employee’s decision to continue with his/her current work (11). When the employee feels that he/she does not have a promising future in the organization, he/she is likely to leave the organization at the earliest opportunity. The promoti
Improvisatory Styles and Musical Philosophies When examining the reason behind Armstrong’s worldwide popularity in comparison to the relative obscurity of Beiderbecke, it is immediately obvious that the main reason behind this was due to the fact that Armstrong was willing to take risks when it came to his approach to jazz. Beiderbecke’s musical style, while definitely soulful and reflective, lacked the “energy” that was apparent in Armstrong’s own work. First and foremost, it should be noted that taking aside his talent for music, Armstrong actually did have some issues with his playing style that was apparent to some of his listeners. The first is that he had a habit of skipping over notes when it came to playing particular pieces and tended to incorporate variances into popular jazz renditions that were far from the norm (What a Wonderful World: The Magic of Louis Armstrong’s Later Years, 2011). This tended to alter the intended performance of a piece; however, it was the uniqueness that of the music created that drew audiences to him. In fact, his habit of skipping over notes at times was overshadowed by the sheer “power” of his performance. When it was combined with the improvisation that he was known for, it created a spectacle of jazz composition that “wowed” audiences whenever they listened to any of his performances. In comparison, while Beiderbecke can be considered as an incredibly talented jazz musician, his performances were far more “by the book” as compared to Armstrong. While his music did reflect the “soulfulness” that jazz was known for and were somewhat altered based on his own improvised style of playing, the fact remains that they lacked the power and range that Armstrong had (Haim, 2011). It is this lack of range that this paper believes is one of the secondary reasons behind the relative obscurity of Beiderbecke and the popularity of Armstrong. To prove this, it is important to examine the views of Haim (2011) who delved into the various criticisms leveled against the works of Armstrong and Beiderbecke in order to better understand how the concept of “range” influences the general perception of an audience to a particular musician. For example, it was noted that while Armstrong often reached into the upper levels of the register when it came to the tempo and volume of his performances, Beiderbecke rarely did so and was focused more on maintaining a melody that resonated with those of his fellow musicians within an ensemble (Haim, 2011). These differences are also evident in the manner in which both showcased their talents as solo performers wherein Armstrong exemplified power, showmanship and a wide range of emotions when it came to his playing while Beiderbecke was more cool and collected, preferring a style that was more melodic, flowing and more in line with what one would expect from jazz (Haim, 2011). While it may be true that both musicians incorporated various types of improvisation in their respective interpretations of a jazz piece, Armstrong always seemed to come
The dramatic comedy of Much Ado About Nothing is set in the coastal city of Messina on the island of Sicily in Italy. One of its main characters Beatrice, the witty heroine, is the cousin of Hero, who is Leonato’s daughter. Leonato is an affluent governor of Messina. Even though the main plot of the story is centered on challenges threatening to sabotage the union Hero and Claudio, Beatrice along with Benedick with their constant verbal jousting finds itself quite an interesting counter-plot (Anonymous). Beatrice and Hero are very close but polar opposites. She appears to be the sense to Hero’s sensibility . They are only alike by virtue of their lineage and domicile. Beatrice’s cynicism is matched by Hero’s politeness; her witty and sharp behavior is juxtaposed against Hero’s respectful and gentle personality; and her feisty, spirited ways are tempered by Hero’s quiet reserve. Beatrice projects a hard impenetrable veneer however, beneath the layers lie a core of sheer vulnerability. Under the aggressive exterior laid a mesh of feminine sensibility. Benedick, a Paduan lord, and soldier, constantly wage a battle of wits and dueling discourse with Beatrice throughout the story. She incessantly competes with Benedick to match wits and outdo one another with clever invective remarks. With a fantastic cache of raillery, Beatrice always surmounts as the victor. The story implies that she may have repressed feelings for Benedick, perhaps contributing to the constant feud between them. Beatrice can be described by some as being genuinely kind, winsome, and loving. Even though she and Benedick would frequently humiliate and mock others with their intricately woven web of sarcasm, derision, and clever remarks. Beatrice is adamant to remain unmarried. Her views on marriage are riddled with cynicism. She feels that there exists no one who would support her attitude towards life. She figured herself to be too much of a liberated, renaissance woman to be subjected to the servitude of a husb
In his article, Ottenheimer resorts to the analysis of the advanced fee fraud, which is known as African scam letters. There is hardly a person who has never received such kind of a letter. As a rule, their authors impersonate themselves for other persons, introducing themselves as princes, sheiks, high officials or royals. These letters promise high financial benefits to their recipient. However, in case of response, a victim of this fraud will be involved in a financial gamble that will come at a high cost to him. As a rule, these letters refer to megabuck, which cannot be obtained without the recipient’s assistance. All what is needed is to send a small sum of money and the sender of the letter will reward the recipients with fabulous wealth. It goes without saying that the victim will never see the promised bounty. The scenario may be different but the sense is always the same. The first cases of this fraud have been fixed in Nigeria during the economic crisis of the 1980 th. In a course of time, the level of the organization of this fraud has increased. Nowadays a victim may be introduced to nonexistent business partners or he may be invited for a business meeting in an office of a reliable company. In spite of the fact that this type of the fraud is widely spread all over the world and the majority of people know about its existence, material losses caused by this affair are thumping. In his article, the author investigates different examples of such letters and he concludes that their success is predetermined by their African character. The author has made this conclusion after the identification of the origin of these letters. It has been found out that the majority of letters, which have pretended to be from Africa, have been sent from other countries. While describing different methods used by the scammers in order to persuade their potential victims, the author distinguishes between several perspectives. They are social engineering, investment scamming and linguistic ideology. In his article, the author states that practically in every letter a combination of these three perspectives may be found. Nevertheless, the author is convinced that it is the language ideology that plays the most important role in a victims persuasion. Ottenheimer resorts to the analysis of different stylistic means that are used by scammers in order to create the illusion of the African origin of these letters. For instance, some letter are overfilled with spelling mistakes, while others are littered with complicated words that are rarely used in conversational language. As a rule, the originators of such letter resort to odd capitalizations where they are unnecessary. Words in the letters may be spelled perfectly but there are many examples of strange elisions. In order to create an illusion of the formal African speech, the authors
Introduction The word capitalism is derived from the word capitale which evolved from capital meaning “head’. Most economists are of the opinion that the word capital became common during the 12 th century. The term was used to refer to a number of elements such as funds, interest on funds or a stock of various merchandises. Capitalism is an economic system which is also considered to be a liberal market. Alternatively, capitalism can be defined as an economic system through which production is conducted privately. In capitalism, the market is free and hence it is not controlled by the government of that economy. Therefore, in a capitalist economy, the price, demand, supply and the distribution of goods and services are determined by the market forces [1] . In addition, in a capitalist economy, individuals have the right to own property. In a capitalist economy the wages and salaries are paid to the employees by the business which has employed them. Profits resulting from the business operations are wholly owned by the investors. This means that investments within a capitalist economy are not in any way under government control. Capitalism can also be defined as accumulation of capital with the objective of investing it in certain economic sector. Miles suggested that capitalism started in Europe in the 16 th century and it has gradually spread to other western countries during the 19 th and 20 th century. Currently capitalism is practiced in a number of countries around the world since it enhances economic growth and development [2] . This essay outlines a description of the nature and logic of Capitalism as given by Heilbroner. Additionally, the subsequent discussions support Heilbroner’s analysis of Capitalism as given in his Book. The nature and logic of capitalism according to Heilbroner’s analysis There is no universally accepted definition of the word Capitalism. Many scholars have tried to give a clear-cut definition of capitalism. However, it has been noted that they end up contradicting ideas of others while others choose to avoid defining it all together. There are various economists who have contributed their views on capitalists’ economy. Some of them include Karl Marx in his Marxist theory, Max Weber in his Weberian political sociology theory, the neoclassical economic theory and Keynes in the Keynesian economics among others. In all these theories, there are a number of elements of Capitalism that have been observed by these economists. Their ideas on Capitalism include the fact that the production of goods and services, payment of wages, control of profi
Urban planning is still one of topical issues local councils have to address. It has been acknowledged and accepted that urban areas have to respond to the needs of the contemporary people. O’Callaghan and Hogben (2014) state that the needs of Australians changed significantly in the middle of the twentieth century when the economy was booming after the World War II. Population growth also played an important role in this shift. Such basic needs as food, accommodation and clothing ceased to be the only concerns of Australians who needed space for recreation. Of course, industries and businesses were also booming. City councils managed to respond quite well developing effective transportation, industrial areas and residential areas. Environmental concerns led to development of numerous recreational areas for people (Thompson 2012). The population of cities is becoming more and more diverse and city planning has to respond to this challenge as well. It is crucial to create the premise for effective communication of people having different backgrounds. The city councils have to make sure that the city has areas where people can get together and share ideas. Therefore, leisure becomes one of central elements of urban planning. This paper focuses on the logic of the neighborhood and the animating condition of community. Liverpool, NSW, and leisure element Liverpool, NSW, can be regarded as one of the most conspicuous illustrations of the processes mentioned above. The city is one of the oldest urban areas in the country and, hence, it went through all the transformations any other Australian city underwent. It is necessary to note that it was the area where predominantly agriculture developed. Small farms and businesses associated with agriculture were common for the city (see fig. 1). Fig. 1. Common view of houses with land used for farming As has been mentioned above, the city started transforming in the middle of the twentieth century. Australians became more well-off, and they had new needs. Dwelling was more comfortable and well-thought. There was no need in significant yards for the houses. Transportation was also well-developed. For example, the famous railway station enabled inhabitants of Liverpool to reach the most important destinations within the city as well as in other cities. It was also easy to reach any place in the city within quite a short period. This accessibility enabled people to ignore distances and focus on their needs. Better communities and numerous recreational areas were constructed. It is necessary to add that the demographics of the city were also changing and the city’s council has always been trying to respond accordingly. The contemporary transformation into a truly diverse urban setting draws attention of many people.
Many computer technologies are useful in communication of data or information that is essential for decision making pertaining to specific issues or concerns. The major technologies that find relevancies in technical communication are Global Positioning System (GPS) device, MP3 player, waste electrical and electronic equipment, automobile jack, and camera phone. This paper gives a general description of GPS device to enlighten the general public and other interested professionals. GPS is a radio-navigation system that is set in space and managed by the U.S. Department of Defense and Transportation. Image 1 shows the positions of the various satellites that constitute the GPS. It has been used for accurate determination of positions on the surface of the Earth (Combrink, Combrinck and Moraal 436). It was initially invented as an enhancement system for the military forces and still serves this purpose as well as the others. Notwithstanding, it also has an adequate capacity to serve the civilian population in large numbers and variety of applications (Arnold, par. 16). According to Arnold (par. 17), the GPS is comprised of three fragments, namely, space fragment, control fragment and user fragment. The space fragment uses 24 satellites suspending in 6 orbital planes. Each satellite rotates around a 20,200km orbit which is inclined at 55 degrees, and completes the rotation in 12 hours. The configurations of the satellites in respective orbits are set in such a way that at least five are within the view of a user at any place on Earth in conjunction with Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) of six satellites or less. PDOP is a quality measure of the relative configuration of the satellites as shown in figure 1. PDOP is inversely proportional to the degree of evenness in terms of spacing around the sky, so that the more evenly spaced the 24 satellite are, the lower PDOP is. It can be said to be perfect when a satellite situates overhead the user with other three satellites located at 120 0 intervals just over the horizon from the user (Arnold, par. 18). Combrink et al. (436) assert that thousands of stationary and mobile receivers also constitute the GPS. Image 1. GPS constellation; expandable 24-slot configuration, as defined in SPS Performance Standard (“GPS Constellation (Expandable 24-slot configuration, as defined in SPS Performance Standard)”) The decrease in precision defines a root mean square estimation of th
Atrium Health: Summary Of The Issues In this paper, I will talk about change implementation for Atrium Health. Atrium Health is an integrated nonprofit healthcare organization that aims at delivering the best health care to patients. Although the leaders of the organizations strive to improve the workplace environment constantly, several issues are yet to be solved. Specifically, there are five issues related that need to be addressed. The first issue is the lack of proper communication between different disciplines. The second issue is the lack of communication between employees and leaders. Third, their training for new employees is insufficient. Fourth, the short breaks for nursing staff may cause burnout and an increased employee turnover rate. The fifth issue is the absence of a standard uniform. These issues may not seem critical at this point, but introducing change can improve job satisfaction and performance in Atrium Health. The Proposed Change Implementing change in healthcare is challenging, but evidence-based practices can prevent many issues associated with it. Indeed, no organizational change can be effective without evidence (Sitterding et al., 2021). Nurses often need to introduce specific changes to improve employee performance and patient outcomes (Cullen & Adams, 2012). Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the nurse leaders to promote changes to achieve higher standards in the workplace (Sitterding et al., 2021). Therefore, the proposed change for Atrium Health is to organize weekly journal clubs for the staff of Atrium Health, where departments will come in their unique uniforms. The two-hour sessions with coffee breaks will be dedicated to reviewing recent research and training for new employees. The staff will freely discuss with the leaders of Atrium Health various issues that appear at the workplace. Why Is The Change Good? Introducing this change may result in better interdisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, it will unite the efforts of employees and leaders for the improvement of the workplace environment. Indeed, good