ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The reduction of the unemployment rate is logical as changes have affected the labor market. According to Hall (2017), stock trends largely determine the number of jobs, and some benefits of current policies in this direction are obvious even despite a slow rate of decrease. Also, modern working conditions often imply a full social package, which is an additional incentive for many unemployed. Thus, the opportunity to get health insurance and paid leave is a key factor for many citizens. As Bahmani-Oskooee, Chang, and Ranjbar (2018) remark, preferences regarding working areas and attitudes towards unemployment are different in various US states, which can be attributed to the development of sectors of the labor market and employment opportunities. Concerning debts on loans, too open system of bank lending to the population can be an additional factor causing this problem. At the same time, the situation affects not only individual citizens but also large financial institutions, many of which also experience difficulties. According to Liu and Pogach (2017), “when capital is tight, foreign lending comes at the cost of domestic loans” (p. 151). In other words, the sphere of crediting cannot be considered purely civil since it is closely connected with state financial affairs. People’s large debts on their home loans can partially be explained by an open and free system, as well as the shortage of financial resources, which can be caused by ill-conceived financial policies. Accordingly, the banking sector suffers losses because some people cannot pay their debts, which is often caused by too little family budgets. Perhaps, revising the state lending policy will help to solve this urgent problem.
Outline This paper reviews the article, “From Bear to Bull” published on Sep 19, 2009 in the online version of the Wall Street Journal. The article is about the current economic crisis and argues that contrary to expectations of a prolonged and deep recession with the recovery being jobless and fuelled by high inflation, the recovery can be better than most investors or economists care to acknowledge. Idenitfy Main Idea/ Introduction The main idea presented in the article is about the recovery of the economy that according to the author would be speedier than expected. The author draws upon history to send the message: the deeper the slump, the zippier the recovery. This relates to the learnings from the class that posits a way out of this slump with an emphasis on speedy recovery. New Concepts / Definitions The new concepts that were brought forth in the article relate to the shrinking of the GDP in times of recession and the correlation between government spending and the GDP growth. This is monetary economics and if I were to define the terms, it would be that GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the value of all the goods and services that were produced in the country in a certain period of time. Explain Facts The author of the article while maintaining a bullish stance on the economy recovering nonetheless makes the point that even the best investors do not hazard guesses on the way the economy would progress. This is one of the points that the author uses to support his claim that predicting how the economy would behave is simply not sustainable. The central idea of the article is about the speedier the recovery, the deeper the slump. Finally, the last point is about how the policies of President Obama and his areas removed from Roosevelt as they are from Reagan. The author supports this claim by stating that President Obama has not constituted a National Economic Recovery Administration like Roosevelt nor has he tended to follow Reagan in promoting big business. Bias/ Faulty Reasoning The bias that the author has can be discerned in the way in which he promotes the idea of a faster recovery. While every economist worth his econometric model has gone on record warning us against a double dip recession, the author remains somewhat of a bigger bull than he would care to admit about the prospects of the economy. Granted that the author has a point when he talks about the futility of forecasting, however, how can one forget the huge numbers of derivative contracts that are outstanding and very well herald the next stage of the economic crisis? Illustrate Application/Examples As an entrepreneur, I would profit from the article because of its optimist
The article reviewed in this report presents a qualitative research study aimed at exploring the perceptions and views of mothers of children aged 16 and below on health promotion recommendations provided by health promotion professionals. The study used several qualitative methods in recruiting participants into the study and in other aspects of the study such as data collection and data analysis. Generally, the researchers used qualitative semi-structured interviews to collect data from 46 mothers who met the criteria for this study. The selection criterion was based on a variety of qualitative characteristics. Here, the researchers made an assumption that the participants drawn from a socio-economically deprived community will have poorer health, more distorted understandings of healthy diets, and more health-threatening behaviors (Wood et al., 2010). As a result, the researchers conducted their study within Llanedeyrn community area because many community members are socio-economically deprived. More specifically, the researchers used the Townsend score, which is a criterion used to categorize people into different socioeconomic statuses in the United Kingdom. Accordingly, the study used a total of four variables based on the Townsend score, including; unemployment, lack of wealth, low income, and poor living conditions to classify the participants into the category of socio-economically deprived people (Wood et al., 2010). Furthermore, the study focused on women participants because they play a central role in planning the family’s diet. Besides, previous studies involving women participants from the same community had indicated that most women never prioritized healthy lifestyles. On the other hand, the study used the social learning theory as the basis for data collection considering that the researchers were interested in the participants’ beliefs and perceptions regarding good health, health behavior changes, and healthy lifestyle changes. As a result, the qualitative semi-structured interviews were designed to measure the participants’ beliefs about the factors influenci
Executive summary Panera bread is a product of Panera Group that specializes in baking of breads, doughnuts, cakes and other bakery products. Over the years, the company has succeeded in offering high quality products in the entire North America. The company’s financial performance has been significant, a progress driven by high sales volume due to high customer base and the company’s ability to serve them well. The following brief report tries to examine the company’s financial performance, its strengths and weaknesses as well as the strategies it has been applying to beat the other market competitors and still remain the consumers company of choice. This is not to say the company is free from troubles or the company is not facing any problems. One of the major problems facing the company is the stiff competition from other market participants and this may threaten the company’s survival unless appropriate counteractive measures are adopted. The company’s overall goal of producing great bread is highly being compromised and the best strategy that the firm can now use is the one that can guarantee the organization’s survival. The possible course of action needs full implementation if indeed any tangible benefits are to be realized. Though the company has tried as much as it can to beat its competitors, a lot remains to be done to enable it achieve its set goals and objectives. This call for change of strategies and a different direction need to be taken. This means looking for new customers and expansion of its business activities will come after the existing customer retention strategy has worked out successfully. The organization has already large customer base who can guarantee future good prospects if well maintained. Introduction It is the prime goal of every organization to achieve high and perpetual revenue growth. This has been the main driving force for Panera Group since its establishment in the year 1981. Revenue maximization and costs minimization are the only strategies that can help a profit-minimizing firm achieve this goal (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010). Other non-financial concepts have to be put in consideration since they are equally important in maintaining a good reputation for the company as well as improving its financial performance for instance customer satisfaction and community social responsibility. The most successful firms have devoted their resources towards meeting customer needs and balancing their growth and development with environmental protection to gain an economic status commonly referred to as circular economy. In addition, market risks have to be well understood and the means to deal with them appropriately put in place. Problem Statement The major problem facing the company at hand is the rising competition and the economic uncertainties mostly recession and depression (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010). The recession has not only affected Panera restaurant section but also the entire bakery industry. Only the efficient and strong market players are able to achieve under these hard economic times. The competition is high
Introduction The expansion of the British colonists into North America through the 17th and 18th century, later followed by the complete takeover of the continent by the independent American colonists throughout the 19th and into the 20th century, has left many indigenous tribes on the brink of extinction, with numerous traditions, religions, and languages becoming lost and forgotten (Bean 1972). Forced out of their own homes and becoming strangers on their own lands, the Indians were forced to adapt to the new realities, where white Americans reigned supreme. The English language became the official language of the nation, with generations of indigenous people slowly being assimilated into the dominant culture. The results of this aggressive cultural expansionism are felt well into the 21st century, as numerous foundations and volunteers are trying to save and restore what little remained of diverse and indigenous cultures and languages of the past. One of many native tribes on the brink of extinction is the Cahuilla tribes. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the unique language and culture of this indigenous tribe and review the measures currently in place to save it from potential extinction. The Cahuilla Tribes Historically, the Cahuilla tribes resided in the inland areas of southern California. While their territory initially was around 2,400 square miles, the majority of it was lost due after 1852, when the California Senate refused to grant the tribe control of their lands (Bean 1972). The majority of the Cahuilla Indians were forced to live in ten reservations across California. The collective number of the Cahuilla Indians is 4,238 as of the 2010 Census (Bean 1972). One of the biggest tribes is the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation. The reservation is located in the vicinity of Palm Springs, California. Due to the reservation taking up some territory of the sea resort, the tribe is the city’s largest collective landowner (Bean 1972). The language of the Cahuilla is called the Ivilyuat – it is a very rare and endangered language from the Uto-Aztecan language family. Studying this language enabled the linguists to decipher some of the writings found on the ancient Aztec artifacts and monuments due to the similarities between these languages. The language is fluently spoken by less than 35 people, with some of the major activists for preservation and revival of the Ivilyuat language dying from old age (Victoria 2014). Alvin Silva, one of the tribe’s fluent speakers, died from old age in 2009. He contributed to the pr
Increased importance of human resource management is associated with health care organizational activities and operation. In particular, legal and ethical issues, safety and welfare of employees, and motivation and support initiatives are vital for enhancing collaboration and enriching organizational culture. Due to the increased diversity of cultural backgrounds of both patients and employee, the human resource managers should pay closer attention to the influence of globalization and technology on healthcare delivery and teamwork training, leading to higher quality of patient care. Because employees constitute the most valuable asset of an organization, managers should be concerned with their productivity and performance. In order to developed a well-organized and effective workforce, the human resource department should provide constant improvement in such areas as job analysis and recruitment, legal and ethical management framework, healthcare career promotion, distribution of employee benefits, motivation and support, and future trends in employees’ development. The partnership between HR department and management is unique in the field of health care because the majority of healthcare organizations are premised on a dual managerial structure of health services managers and clinical managers who are responsible for monitoring two groups of employees with various responsibilities and training needs (Niles, 2012). For instance, clinical managers are more experience in training specific clinical area whereas health service managers are focused on specific requirements. Regardless of levels of organization, employees should adhere to the ethical and legal standards accepted in healthcare industry. The legal issues should be established between the healthcare institution and the consumer, namely healthcare professional and provider. Ethical codes of conduct should also be developed to cope with ethical dilemmas and conflict situations in the most efficient way (Niles, 2012). State and federal laws have been implemented to protect both patient and healthcare provider and, therefore, legislature is foundational in dealing with safety and welfare of the stakeholders. In this respect, the role of HR manager consists in introducing efficient standards that would allow them to enhance the cultural environment in an organization. Job analysis and design is another important responsibility that HR managers should uphold to sustain motivation and enhance support for the employees. In fact, job design implies development of a set of duties, tasks, and responsibilities that employees should accomplish. In case, employees face misconception in terms of the requirements, they overall organizational framework might fail (Niles, 2012). Therefore, strict distribution of responsibilities is indispensible for sustain performance and establishing control. Within the content of recruitment and motivation, HR managers should be endowed with efficient problem solving and
Introduction It is a common situation when a company or organization, has decided to downsize its staff, is attacked by the press. It is a peculiarly painful topic as far as local medical institutions are concerned. Negative news about them finds many readers and watchers as almost every member of a local community wants to get high-quality medical services. In the given situation, much clamor is raised against the hospital administration. That is why, a meeting of the PR Director with the press should be organized as soon as possible while the point is hot (“5 ways,” 2013). One can hope that the hospital’s reputation is not irreversibly spoiled yet, and there is still a chance to justify the administration’s actions. Main body Further on, it is not difficult to suppose what questions the journalists will ask. Most of them might concern the reasons for firing the nurses. In the first place, while answering those questions, according to the information, the tone of the PR Director should be apologetic. The expectable effect is that not only the sacked nurses but also the hospital and its administration are considered victims of the unfavorable circumstances. The next significant point is that the causes of downsizing the nursing staff should be explained clearly so that the journal
For the last few years, several retail stores, museums, and parks have been offering discounts to students who shop using their school IDs (Batra 566). Student discounts have been of benefit to both students and corporations. Through the initiatives, students have been able to lessen the cost of spending (Batra 567). By offering student discounts, businesses have been able to draw more customers and enhance their reputation. Stores that offer student discounts are likely to attract the attention of teenagers. In the article, the benefits of student discounts to corporations are analyzed. When a business offers student discounts, they begin to create a long-lasting loyalty with future clients (Zeidler 59). It is a fact that students will join the corporate world once they complete their studies. By offering them student discounts, corporations can win their loyalty. Thus, the teenagers will shop from them even after completing their studies. In this regard, corporations that want to increase their customer base in the future should consider offering students discounts because they are their potential clients. Through the strategy, corporations can attract more customers (Bhattacharyya 192). Student discounts will attract several students to buy from corporations. Through this, the corporations’ sales will increase. Equally, the initiative can attract students’ parents to buy from their stores. Parents would like to shop in stores that value their children. Similarly, parents would like to shop in such stores as a way of expressing their gratitude. Based on the above illustrations, it is apparent that student discounts attract more customers. With increased customers, corporations will augment their sales. An increase in sales will be realized on all the goods. Because student discounts can attract more students and their guardians, corporations will be able to gain several potential customers. Notably, the clients will be interested not only in students’ items or discounted goods but also in all other goods and services offered by the corporations. By doing so, the corporations’ sales will increase significantly, unlike before the discounts. Like any other corporation offering sale discounts, a business that provides student discounts will have a chance of enhancing its reputation. Whenever a corporation offers a discount to individuals in need like the elderly, the homeless, and students, it illustrates that it is ready to make the world a better place. Usually, the public believes that corporations are money-hungry organizations. Therefore, any deviation from the norm will enhance the corporation’s reputation. Similarly, through student discounts, corporations can be able to free up room in their shops. Sometimes, stores may be filled with goods they do not want to sell anymore. To increase the chances of selling these goods, corporations should offer student discounts on goods. By doing so, the goods will be purchased by the students in large numbers freeing up the store’s space. Lastly, student discounts can enable corporations to meet their target goals. As such, co
Turn Memo 1: In international relations, two theories are mostly employed in analyzing major issues in politics. Realism and idealism are the two major theories. Idealism is a theory that was first supported by the US president after the Second World War. The theory observes that there are many actors in the international system. The state is not the only actor because other units, such as religious organizations, Multinational Organizations, and supranational organizations exist. The state does not have massive powers as far as policy formulation is concerned. For instance, Multinational Organizations influence the policy formulation among the Less Developed Countries. Moreover, religious organizations are known to influence the behavior of states in a number of ways (Lamy 78). An example is given in Poland during the Cold War when John Paul II influenced leaders to abandon communism in favor of capitalism. In this regard, it can be observed that Catholic played a critical role in influencing leaders to keep off from the communism. In the international system, the United Nations plays an important role in influencing the foreign behavior of states. For instance, the UN Security Council can impose sanctions to a sovereign state. In Libya, the UN Security Council imposed a no fly zone sanction to the sovereign state because it is the main actor. In contrary, realists observe that the only actor in the international system
Overpopulation has become one of the main challenging trends over the past centuries. Governments accept the fact that they are no longer capable of managing this problem. According to Rieder, the significant aftermath of this event is that “the Earth will, at some point, be unable to provide for our population, even without more growth” (2). Commonly proposed ways of solving the problem and treating its current consequences are widely discussed in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to examine the causes and effects of overpopulation, potential threats to society, and the ecosystem, as well as the ways to overcome the problem. The United Nations (UN) forecasts that the world’s population is expected to increase by 2 billion in 30 years. Despite the aging population and downtrend of fertility in European countries, the amount of people is growing because of developing states. For example, the people in Africa is expected to double by 2050 (Uniyal et al. 21). Scientists provide numerous reasons for overpopulation, which include historical, sociological, psychological, and other factors (Uniyal et al. 21). It is commonly believed that overpopulation is caused by the growth of natality, the decrease of mortality, and migration flows. Other causes are attributed to cultural and religious beliefs as well as lack of education (Farraji et al. 16). Overall, there is a complex set of multiple interrelated reasons that should be examined altogether. Overpopulation carries many environmental and social risks. Approximately 40% of the land is used for agriculture, and this figure has to grow to keep up with the growth of the population (Uniyal et al. 22). To cover up the scarcity of food, companies, and farmers are required to increase production. Therefore, a fragile balance of the global ecosystem is directly and indirectly threatened by harmful human activities. Uniyal et al. state that “deforestation, the effect on welfare, climate change, the decline in biocapacity, urban sprawl, food security, increase in energy demand and effect on the marine ecosystem are amongst most severe impacts of overpopulation” (20). Overpopulation affects the overall well-being of the society: thus, overcrowded urban cities demonstrate high rates of unemployment and unhappiness. There are several ways of reducing the rate of overpopulation, and the main actors responsible for implementing proper policies are the national governments. Chen suggests that governments should provide citizens with affordable healthcare and social security (57). Actions such as the promotion of smaller families, gender equality, and education are considered to be effective by the UN (Farraji et al.