ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Among all the factors that led to the establishment of European colonial outposts in North America, material gain remains to be one of the most outstanding seasons in history. This happened after Spain had successfully made a financial gain in Mexico. Every nation that scrambled for colonies in North America used different approaches to gain the interest of the local residents. As the European colonial outposts explored the region in search of gold, they also had the interest of finding a route that was to enable them to access water that was believed to exist in the other content which was in existence. Colonization of the continent was initially seen as costly with no profits until an alternative means of wealth arose. Trade of animal fur and fishing led to the colonization of the region (Bulliet and Headrick 431). New France focused on Canada and other areas around St. Lawrence River because the colonists had learned their lesson at French Fort Caroline. To be more exact, the Spanish massacre erupted, and many homesteads were burnt down and destroyed. It is approximated that more than four hundred and fifty people were killed in the fight, not including children and women, which estimated about three hundred and eighty people. At the same time, many people were taken to prison to serve long sentences. Don Onate gave an order that all male aged between thirteen and twenty-six years to have their right foot cut off and be enslaved for more than twenty years (Vesely 24). These cruel operations scared the French, thus, letting the Spanish succeed in their quest. At St. Lawrence, the French found new ways of making a profit in the new continent of North America. They started to trade in beaver pelts, whereby they depended on the Indians to carry out trade. When Spanish experienced a political decline, which created a vacuum, the British and the Dutch made their way in to fill the void. The merchants, who led the Dutch government had wealth and influence over the colonies. The Dutch government followed a specific policy in economic and political relationships with the Native Americans. These relationships were based mostly on the fur trade in exchange for wealth and pelts. In the struggle for dominance in the new world, five Indian nations joined in the Iroquois Confederacy including Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. Later Tuscarora joined the group making the total number of nations to be six. The Dutch government managed to succeed in the region because the Iroquois Confederacy ensured that the African and Indian cultures well persevere. The Dutch’s main interest was in their investments and the profits that they attained from trade (Murrin, Johnson and Phurson 21). England, like any other state, came in to fill the gap that was created by the power decline of the Spanish colonies. Unlike the rest of the states, though, England aimed at exporting Christianity to the new world (Murrin, Johnson and Pherson 29). Later, the English government made attempts to make money by stealing gold and slaves from the Spanish ships, even though the English colonists later managed to create a joint company with the Spanish for pr
The book, written by Hermann Hesse and entitled Siddhartha, dwells upon a man who searches for enlightenment in ancient India. The main character of the book, Siddhartha, is a son of a respectable spiritual leader. Siddhartha is also respected as he is knowledgeable and he is expected to be a leader just like his father as the young man manages to learn spiritual rituals quite early. Nonetheless, the protagonist is not satisfied with following rituals as he is keen on reaching enlightenment. He is wise and brave enough to start his journey to enlightenment and he is ready to change his direction if necessary. The book is concerned with the life of the protagonist which is also his path to enlightenment. He resorts to many ways to achieve his goal and reaches it at the end of his long and meaningful life. He starts his journey when he forces his father to let him go with Samanas who try to avoid any pleasures of life to become enlightened. However, soon Siddhartha understands that this is not the way to enlightenment and joins the followers of Gautam who is regarded to be the new Buddha. After a while, the protagonist understands that though Gautam may be enlightened, he cannot teach anyone to achieve this higher goal and Siddhartha leaves the teacher. He starts living in the city where he learns a lot about life pleasures and especially about love. He lives this life for a long time, but realizes that this is the wrong way and abandons the city for the life by the river where he learns a lot of secrets of the universe. Several years later he learns that he has a son and starts living with him, but the young man dislikes the life of a poor ferryman and abandons Siddhartha, which becomes one of the last lessons that bring Siddhartha to enlightenment. One of the major motifs in the book is the notion of Om. This is a symbol of unity of everything in the universe. Siddhartha first learns about the Om, then he understands what the Om is and at the end of his life he feels it as he sees himself as a part of the universe. Another important motif is that of love. Siddhartha loves his father, he also learns about physical love and has a chance to understand what the love to a son is. All these manifestations of love can be regarded as Siddhartha’s steps towards enlightenment. The book also reveals certain issues. The book teaches that a person should be brave to pursue his/her goals and find new ways to reach the aims set. Another important issue raised is that people should not totally rely on other individuals’ experience. There can be no teacher as everyone should try to find his/her own way to enlightenment. People should also have patience and they should be ready to accept the truth.
Introduction For all the stock exchange investors mentioning the American international group, Inc is a dream company investment and one that is spoken of in the same hush-hush terms that a violinist talks and dotes on the Stradivarius. With the choice of more than 70 percent of the investors and the government treasury, the American international group Inc insurance company has totally dominated the stock exchange industry, raking in the top five well doing companies for the pas years. Critically acclaimed as an international company that has carved investors into a big-time businessman with rich and wealthy people since the early 1990s, the company has continuously impressed its adoring participants the American international group Inc has earned a great reputation for producing reasonable profit and revenue, However, this has had to be a compared by a couple of things with years of intense marketing and dedicated management protocols, in order to ensure that the market dominance and reputation are maintained, greatly increasing their reach over the international frontiers. All this different, yet great strategy in approaching business and its competitor has hard American international group Inc as the most celebrated company in the industry of insurance. American international group Inc has also over the years engaged in a fully committed workforce and reaped the benefits. Many of the firms with comprehensive approaches in the monument sector enjoy greater profits from the partners in the business all the down to the benefits that the employees get. Like any other successful business the American international group Inc loom approach to management has been one that is very unique in the market. The fact that this company has been opened to the public has given the company a chance to earn more money for business, thus giving the company a chance to pull up funds to the capital and boosting up their working capital. The news got the city of the A.I.G. Company’s intentions of issuing common shares to the preferred shares so that they can be in apposition to substantially increase the tangible common equity of the company and on the other hand decrease any more government investment in the company. This particular move was intended to builds the companies to a level of profit making equity and at the same time eliminate uncertainty and re-establish the confidence of the investors. Common shares In the corporate company the ownership in relation to the amount and type will all differ. Common stock is a structure of corporate equity possession a kind of security in the function of
Introduction Being a first-time parent is a hard task for most people. Even for experienced parents, it is always challenging to care for every newborn. This is because every child is born with his/her specific needs. This is why every prospective parent should take time to familiarize himself/herself with this momentous task. Taking part in this lecture is also a good choice for grandparents or other guardians who may find themselves involved in taking care of a baby. The seminar is equally important to both the male and the female parents. This discussion will cover some pieces of the basic parenting knowledge that a new parent should have. The paper will address the following issues, such as health, education, finances, and basic home life. Health The first issue to consider when taking care of baby’s health is that it starts with the mother. Therefore, ensuring mother’s good health means laying a good basis for the infant’s future health. Infants are susceptible to a number of infections because their immunity is not yet fully developed. This is why parents should talk to their doctors about which immunizations to seek. Nutrition-wise, the same logic applies. The mother’s nutrition translates to that of the baby. Once the baby is born, breastfeeding is highly recommended. Weaning the baby should be procedural and done in accordance with the baby’s balanced diet requirements. If possible, parents can seek the services of nutritionists. Babies require exercising only from a certain age. It is also important to note that sometimes, the baby may have difficulties in performing some of the above-mentioned activities. For instance, some babies will refuse to eat certain types of food. When this happens, the parents should look for viable alternatives. Education Education marks another important stage in the child’s development. Some parents opt to their child to start going through formal schooling when they are as young as two years old. It is important to early plan for the baby’s education. When it comes to schools, parents should choose between private, home, and public schools. All these come up accompanied with financial and personal commitments. For instance, private schools have tougher entry requirements than public facilities do. On the other hand, home schooling is on average more expensive than the other two options. Each of these options will require some level of involvement by the parent. In formal schooling, good communication with the teacher is of great value. Once a child starts going to school, it is important for the parent to plan for the future educational needs. This can be achieved through such activities as setting up of a college fund. Education is an important determinant of an
Impressionists During the mid 1860’s artists in France became discontent with the style of painting proscribed by the National School Of Art. This school (also called: Ecole des Beaux-Arts) emphasized painting using black outlines and shadows. Artist such as Claud Monet, August Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Jean-Frederic proposed that black outlines and shadows not be used because these details did not exist in nature. This new school of though came to be know as ‘impressionist’ and these artists advocated for the use of colors directly from nature. The colors were to be juxtaposed and were to be mixed optically by the viewer’s eye. An example of Pre-Impressionist art (Rembrandt’s Sacrifice of Isaac) can be found in Annex A. An example of Impressionist art (Edouard Manet) can also be found in Annex A. Post Impressionists Post Impressionists did not advocate for change to any one style but moved to include new forms of representation. Post-Impressionists wished to retain the basic values of Impressionism. Artists wanted new subjects and wanted to deepen the meaning of their paintings. Paul Gaugan was an Impressionist that moved to embrace Post-Impressionism in the 1880’s. His work included flat planes of color and he tried to include subjects in different cultures. Annex A. contains and example of his work called “ Woman in the Waves (Ondine), 1889”. It also important to note that Post Impressionist were fascinated with prints, especially Japanese prints. Expressionists Expressionism followed in the late 19 th to early 20 th century. Expressionist were opposed to academic standards for their art. Expressionist’s work emphasized the subjective emotion of the painter. Expressionism is very different than the other forms of art. Paintings are often distorted or altered, have violent colors, exaggerated lines, and show intense emotion. Best descriptions of paintings from this era are vivid, jarring, violent, and dynamic. One of the most famous artists of Expressionism is Vincent Van Gogh. His painting, called “the Starry Night”, can be found in Annex A. Expressionism was most dominant in Germany and artists of this genre used art to express their intense feelings. German painters part of the Die Brucke (The Brook) were from Dresden and Berlin. Emil Nolde’s (German, 1867-1956) can be found in Annex A. Conclusion Beginning with the Impressionists artists began to sway from the academic norm taught in art schools in Europe. Artists began to look at painting as more than replication of forms but as a way to express themselves. From Impressionism that loses the dark lines and shadows, through Post-Impressionism where artists begin to use a complete palate of colors, to Expressionism where artists used art to express their innermost feelings, the art of painting has gone through dramatic changes. Perhaps the vivid and violent nature of paintings from Expressionism told of things to come such as World W
Organizational change is an integral component of development and moving forward. Change in education is primarily aimed at continuous improvement. There are many educational change models, which have some common characteristics. This analysis compares ideas of Fullan (2016), Herdrich (2003), and Moffett (2000) for change implementation expressed in change models and provides an example of introducing change in an educational institution. The model of continuous improvement process and sustaining educational change developed by Herdrich (2003) comprises the following elements. First of all, it is necessary to define where the organization is at the moment, reveal its mission and goals. This element is followed by the assessment of needs and planning, which is similar to the aspect described by Fullan (2016) as repositioning planning. Fullan (2016) also includes the evaluation of reasons for change failure. Some of these reasons include the use of incomplete ideas, excessive planning, the lack of action, human factor, and pressure. To empower change, it is necessary to understand the organization as a system and consider the human element. Moffett (2000) also analyzes initiation, implementation, and sustaining change in education. He claims that there is a need for developing a reform-support infrastructure thus providing a solid basis for future change. Also, it is important to stimulate the creation of professional communities (Moffett, 2000). This idea recalls the suggestion of Fullan (2016) to consider the human element and its goals partially coincide with professional development activities included as an element of a change model by Herdrich (2003). Moreover, these professional development activities are identical with the idea of abundant staff development provision included by Moffett (2000). Another similarity can be traced in assessment as the necessary component of change, which is suggested by both Fullan (2016) and Herdrich (2003). I have experienced the implementation of the unsuccessful change initiative. On the one hand, it was based on some useful elements of the change process, but there were some drawbacks that led to change failure. Thus, it was an attempt to introduce information technology in the process of learning. Certainly, IT in education is a common practice. Nevertheless, the school that initiated this change was not technically prepared to provide an educational process with the necessary equipment. Also, parents of students refused to by new gadgets or allow their children to take their laptops or tablets to school. Consequently, the change initiative failed. Some reasons for this failure can be identified. First of all, there was a careful planning process. However, it did not include the funding aspect. Hence, th
Introduction America is one of the countries in the world that has a rich history. Recorded history traces the origin of the country to the expulsion of the Red Indians from their land by the white men from England. Recorded history is of the view that the American country was initially occupied by the native Indians, who were colonized by the white man and later herded away from their land. The white man dominated the land, and today occupies what initially was Red Indian’s territory. The red Indians were decimated by the advanced warfare techniques used by the colonials, combined with the strange diseases that plagued them due to their contact with the white man. It is important to note that the native Indians had never been in contact with the outside world, been an enclosed society. As such, when the strange diseases from the white man were communicated to the native Indians, their immune system was so weak to fight them back. Many books have been written in efforts to chronicle American history. This is especially so because American history is a topic on itself that is taught in American learning institutions. To this end, Sidney Noyes Riggs wrote a book that is used by history students interested in learning the origins of the American nations. Arrows and Snakeskin: A History Commentary To say that Sidney Noyes Riggs is an iconic figure in American history will be an understatement. He influenced and shaped the American history-at least in the classrooms-by his chronicles of the origin of the American nation. In the year 1962, he published a 192-page book on the Pequot War (Eggleston, 2010). The small book was titled Arrows and Snakeskin. It was published by Lippincott Printing House. As earlier stated, the central theme in Riggs’ Arrows and Snakeskin is the Pequot War. This was fought between the years1636 and 1638 (Riggs, 1962). For at least four years, an amalgamation of colonial forces and friendly Native American tribes fought against the Pequot tribe (Riggs, 1962). But Sidney Riggs, in this commentary of the conflict, captures the last two years of the war. This is between the years 1636 and 1638. According to Riggs, as vividly illustrated in his book, the Pequot War, or what many scholars regard as the Pequot War, was instrumental in the shaping of the American history (Riggs, 1962). The war, as the book illustrates, pitted Native American, Indian tribes against each other, with one party enjoying the support of the colonials. Arrows and Snakeskin: A Critique It will be a little ambitious to expect the whole of American history to be captured in one book. That is the reason why, when contrasted with American history, Arrows and Snakeskin may give the illusion of being limited in depth and scope. There are many aspects of American history, many of which, understandably, are not captured by this book. For example, the American continent existed way before the landing of the colonials from En
What type of unemployment has affected Spain since 2008? It should be known that the number of unemployed people in Spain has more than doubled over the last twelve months. The unemployment rate has reached a historic high of 20.7% for the world’s eight largest economies and this is a very bad position (McCarthy, 2011, p. 5). The country has been affected by demand-deficient unemployment since 2008. This is because of the global economic crisis and the collapse of its own building boom. In 2008, the flow of cheap money stopped and this affected its economy as far as spending is concerned. In this case, people’s rate of spending dried up thereby affecting the economy. Demand-deficient unemployment is related to a poor economic cycle and this is what has been seen in Spain since 2008. It’s quite obvious that the demand for final goods is greatly affected because of a poor economy and this will ultimately reduce the demand for labor. The country’s 4 million unemployed people do not have an income and can not create demand for goods in the economy and this leaves employers with no choice but to just lay off employees’ thereby increasing unemployment. Firms and companies in Spain have no requirement to hire more people and this is because of the state of the economy. This is because they will always want to maintain profitability and they can not be forced to employ people (Bized, 2011, p. 11). The government has various options that it can still use to stimulate demand in the economy and thereby create jobs. Why do they think the USA is suffering from this type of unemployment? Structural unemployment is defined by those people who will not find jobs because of a change in the structure of industries. Most of these economists think that the US is suffering from this type of unemployment because of various reasons. As a matter of fact, there is an argument that this type of unemployment is residual and this means that the economy will not be able to create jobs even if aggregate demand was on target. The US is facing an increase in structural unemployment because the country’s labor force has been slow to respond to the changing needs of the market (The Economist, 2010, p. 23). In this case, there is a shift in the demand for skills and this has been going on for the last 30 years. Manufacturing jobs have been reducing as time goes by and this has created a shift that has reduced people in employment. Changes in technology mean that some tasks that were performed by people can be done by machines and this has reduced jobs in a broadway. Most of the affected people have been slow to respond to this shift in the job market. Why is structural unemployment considered the most serious form of unemployment? What sort of measures can the government take to reduce it? Structural unemployment is considered the most serious form of unemployment because of various underlying reasons. Structural unemployment is brought about by a shift and changes in industries and this means that some goods and services might not be demanded by the market implyin