ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Globalization broadly refers to the process through which people and countries integrate economically, culturally and politically into a large community. Initially started during the slave era, globalization has over time brought people and nations together through advancements in technology that erases barriers of time and distance as well as improved flows of information that promotes greater awareness. In this context, globalization refers to the expansion of economic actions across national borders, yielding systems of production, trade, and consumption that link geographically dispersed regions into a common, highly interwoven system (Vallas, Finlay and Wharton 316). Contemporary globalization has facilitated the swift transmission of capital and jobs abroad to take advantage of low-priced labor. Nowadays, nations enjoy cheap products manufactured overseas through importation. Globalization has also resulted in mass relocation of workers from across countries who hope to find better-paying employment in wealthier nations. New immigrants have become a source of cheap labor to employers in the wealthier nations. Arguments used to explain contemporary globalization Recent technological advancements have considerably aided the pace of contemporary globalization. Technological innovation has reduced economic distances in terms of both time and cost. Emergence of jet planes, satellite communication, internet and fiber-optic cables have improved transport and communication. Advances in communication have enabled companies to break up the production process into definite steps. They are able to produce goods in various locations that enable them minimize costs. As a result, modern products are assembled from components outsourced from different countries. The revolution in information technology has facilitated global trade in a range of services that vary from call center operations to advanced medical, engineering, legal and financial services. Globalization has led to outsourcing of many services and in the process expose jobs held by the U.S. labor force and other countries to international competition. International specialization and division of labor significantly explain contemporary globalization. The breakdown of production processes into smaller parts and subsequent placement in the hands of supervisors has led to the organization and specialization of labor. Henry Ford’s organization of work and workers came to explain twentieth century industrialist capital society (Vallas, Finlay and Wharton 85). They observe that production processes at the Ford Corporation utilized principles of scientific management established by Frederick Taylor. Taylor’s motion and time studies aimed at the analysis of tasks and elimination of unnecess
Introduction Health care organizations of different types provide a wide range of services and programs aimed at a particular population. To perform successfully and achieve their primary goals, institutions have to organize the working process, manage facilities, technical resources, and professional staff to ensure the quality of care. It is essential to determine and analyze specific areas of an organization’s work to assess its performance from both, employees and clients. Assessment of the Organization’s Programs and Services The organization chosen for the assessment is Silverado Hospice in San Diego, CA. It is a unit of a multi-facility institution that provides supportive end-of-life care for patients with different types of dementia, pulmonary disease, and cardiac disease (“Hospice San Diego, 2019). The hospice presents a variety of services types including in-home care, at a hospital or “assisted living communities” satisfying the needs of the diverse population (“Hospice San Diego,” 2019, para. 4). Silverado specifically develops such types of care services to ensure comfort and relief not only for the patients but their families as well. There are different programs available from the organization, which also depend on the particularities of the target population and their preferences. The main programs that function based on Silverado San Diego are We Honor Veterans, Memory Catchers, Essential Oils, Cardiac, Pulmonary, and Dementia and Neurological (“Hospice San Diego, 2019). The first three programs are available for patients with various health issues when the later three specialize in particular
Ethics is the field of moral philosophy involving systematic defending as well as recommendations of behavior either as wrong or right(Gunter,234). Currently, philosophers have classified ethics into several categories such as metaethics which is concern with investigating the origin of ethical principles and normative ethics which helps to regulate what is wrong or right within a given society and therefore helps to regulate what is generally accepted in the whole society (Vorderer, 280). Game design is a process of creating the the total content and rules of the game played through a medium and entails both the game and its documentations; the process needs artistic and technical competence within human ethics (Gunter, 237). The video games have increasingly replaced the movies that have been enjoyed for several generations. This is because first, video game gives the audience the responsibility to participate in the game by manipulating the characters thus crating his own storyline very time he is playing the a game hence making it more enjoyable and one pays more attentive on playing(Vorderer,286) . Secondly, the outcome of the video game is unpredictable as compared to movie in which the audience can predict the point at which the story would end thus making the video games more interesting to the audience as who keeps gazing the continuously changing plots of the game, the programmers give the audience a few hours of to relax as the players find themselves becoming part of the story(Vorderer,290). However, the game designers must maintain high level of social responsibility on designing these games due to their adverse negative effects on the recipients especially children and teenagers. The negative impacts include; excessive inclusion of violent activities in the games such as gun shootings and gender violence evoke anger making players especially children to become aggressive in real life and get motivated to apply the activities in real life (Vorderer, 296). The child develops a feeling that shooting is a normal and does not feel guilty of having killed another. Playing violent games may also result to proactive aggression which is a deliberate behavior controlled by external forces to achieve certain objective such as robbery with violence(Gunter,260).The child may adopt such behavior as a result of learning from the violent plays that he may tend to copy. Secondly, violent video games encourage egocentric culture to the children who tend to ignore the sense of brotherhood and treat themselves as competitive identities with limited or no relationship from other people who might be their close relations (Vorderer, 312) .They consider themselves better placed and more experienced to carry out any activity regardless to the consequences that inhuman in nature
The ATOM process of managing risk in a project is comprised of several principles. Firstly, all risks should be identified and addressed by management. Risks should be classified and systematized according to potential harm. ATOM places special importance on the implementation of risk responses rather than their identification (Hillson & Simon, 2020). Therefore, the more managers can affect the quality of the organization, the higher is the chance for managing risks effectively I believe that control is a much more important problem than the deficit of resources. It is one thing to possess all the necessary means for managing people in a project, and another to actually direct them and maintain the lack of errors and mistakes. It becomes especially relevant to large-scale projects, which are comprised of lesser ones. The ATOM generally views all projects as a single initiative, regardless of the size of the project. Altogether, I think that using the ATOM is justified if management is able to efficiently control all spheres of the project. The lack of resources should not be an issue as large projects presuppose the abundance of people, tools, and finances. However, provided the absence of sufficient control, using the ATOM will bring more harm than good, as it uses the same methodology to all projects. Response to Leroy’s Post One of the expressed ideas is that the effectiveness of using ATOM correlates with the supervision needed for larger projects. This implies that the more control management has over a project, the more cost-effective ATOM becomes. Yet, it is also noted that project size and headcount are irrelevant for the ATOM methodology. However, it would be more precise to state that the number of people involved in a project does count. Whereas, in general, ATOM views every project as a single entity, it does allow analyzing larger projects as consisting of smaller ones (Hillson & Simon, 2020). Although ultimately, it comes down to managerial control and attention, the project size should not be discounted. Reference Hillson, D., & Simon, P. (2020). Practical project risk management: The ATOM methodology . Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
There are many different approaches to learning process in the world. Different philosophers, thinkers and teachers suggest their own variants. Each of them has its own basis and main idea. This paper is devoted to analysis of existing principles and theories. Moreover, our own strategy for teaching a certain group is created. Analysis of existing approaches is possible to start with behaviorism. This philosophy states that environment determines all actions of a person. For a long period in the history, it has been the dominant theory in society. However, appearance of cognitivism terminated its strangle. Cognitivism centers around the inner world of a human being ( Cognitive theories of learning , n.d.). While behaviorism says that the most important thing is environment as it determines behavior of a human being, cognitivism underlines importance of inner motifs of a person and his/her mental processes. Cognitivism, however, does not appreciate human being like humanism does. It emphasizes great importance of a man, his/her conscience and individuality. It is the way of thinking, which promotes exalting of a human being. Constructivism is another famous theory which states the fact that people obtain knowledge experiencing some things and building ideas resting on this experience (Hein, 1991). Having met something new, people use already gained experience in order to obtain new knowledge. Nowadays, there are different points of view on these theories and all of them are implemented in pedagogical process. There are seven main principles in modern education which help to create the most effective teaching and achieve the best results. Each of them is very important and has its own influence on the process of obtaining new knowledge. However, it is possible to outline the most significant of them. Students inner motivation is very important factor as only being interested in what they do, people can achieve the best results. Moreover, motivation determines the level of students e
The USA is the most diverse country in the world The USA is known as the most diverse and multicultural country in the world. Although the race relations have been much improved by Obama, there are still many stereotypes in the society. Some Caucasians are still alienated towards African-American or Latino men. Latino and African-American minorities are still chased by the police. All Arabs are suspected of terrorism. These racial stereotypes are historically established. Nevertheless, there are some current reasons for such race divisions in the USA. For example, the popularity of rap music touching upon race relationships and propagandizing hostility to other nations makes the situation worse. The media pays more attention to the current incidents concerning race relationships. More than that, the mass media is used to introduce these racial stereotypes to society. Media and culture are not the main reasons for racial divisions. The attitude of everyone towards the representative of another culture or another nation depends on personal beliefs. Although the current government has done all possible to improve the race relationships in the USA this problem remains still unsolved because of people’s attitudes. Not every American realizes that this problem really exists and needs solving. The thoughts of people and their attitude to each other cannot be controlled by the government. Despite many destructed legal barriers, divisions still remain, but they exist in our hearts, not in the law. That is why this problem should be solved at the individual level. Even if the government propagandizes the unification of all nations and an unbiased attitude to each other through different means of mass media, individual attitude is impossible to be controlled. The law can force people to respect each other but it does not change their feelings. This current issue is moral in our time as far as the people’s attitude to each other depends on their moral principles. Respect for each other should be fostered from childhood. That is why it is very important to introduce the notion of racial unity in the school program. American history should be presented from another point of view. Everyone should realize the irreparable consequences and historical mistakes connected with slavery and racial discrimination. All citizens of the USA should want to improve racial relationships. Mass media and pop culture as the main means to propagandize the race unification Although Obama’s presidency has improved the racial situation in the USA this current issue is still unsolved. The people’s attitude to each other depends on their personal beliefs and moral principles whic
Introduction Many multi-business firms are the sum of their businesses. Though managers have become more advanced in their comprehension of what it requires to attain a competitive advantage at the individual businesses level, it is challenging to create corporate advantage across multiple businesses. However, a few multi-business companies such as Newell have achieved such. This paper aims to examine Newell, a multi-business firm, whose resources are not extremely general or specific, but an attractive conglomeration of both. Types and Examples of Controls Newell Uses Control systems play a crucial role in corporate strategy. In the absence of control systems, the corporate center can hastily lose its capability of determining the corporate strategic direction. Therefore, this will adversely affect performance in individual businesses. Newell has integrated several types of controls that function to minimize production costs hence, maximize profits. Newell controls costs through outcome controls. Compensation systems tend to be pivotal to control systems. To facilitate transfers, compensation is standardized across divisions, in other words, base salaries are defined by division size and position. However, Newell holds operating units and individual managers accountable for performance, and it rewards excellence. Managers are given bonus payouts of 35% to 100% based on their rank and unit profitability. Secondly, Newell also has behavioral controls. The behavioral controls are aligned to its strategy. Upon acquiring a new company, Newell brings in new leadership and a financial controller to offer hands-on management supervision. Additionally, introducing new members in the senior positions of acquired companies alters the organizational culture. Finally, Newell integrates financial controls. The company installs a sales and order tracking system, an integrated financial accounting system, and a flexible manufacturing system. All these systems are put in place to be used by managers to control costs by limiting expenses as compared to that which was previously budgeted. How the Controls Newell Uses Fit Its Strategy Several mistakes can occur if the nonfinancial controls are not linked to corporate strategy. For instance, control systems are tied to compensation systems thus a firm’s performance could
Introduction The Chicago Healthcare Center has been in existence for the last ten years. It has continued to offer quality health care services to people around this place at subsidized prices. Although the government has established other healthcare facilities within this city, this hospital has been considered as the most successful healthcare center in Chicago in the last five years. One of the reasons why this hospital has been successful is because of its application of the emerging technologies in its operations. The management has been keen on using the emerging technologies in its operations as a way of improving its efficiency. It has been keen on installing some of the modern life-supporting machines to help ensure that patients who visit the facility get the best medical attention they need. The most recent move was the decision to install electronic medical record to help reduce the time patience take before they can finally be admitted in the facility. This electronic medical record helps in making the process of data storage, modification or retrieval easy for the m
Introduction Nowadays, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the countries in the world with a well-developed infrastructure and complex construction projects (Nahyan et al. 2012). At the same time, national authorities were able to develop the country from a wide variety of angles, and focusing on this aspect allowed the UAE to have outstanding financial performance and become one of the countries with exceptional services (Schiliro 2013). One of the reasons for the success of the UAE is the fact that the government of Abu Dhabi actively employs the concepts of excellence system. This program ensures that the actions of various local entities comply with the overall mission and vision of the country. The principles of this model highly rely on three pillars that can be described as vision achievement, innovation, and enablers ( The Mohammed bin Rashid government excellence award: handbook 2015). In this case, the primary benefit of the pillar system lies in the fact that it examines local governmental entities from dissimilar angles. For example, this concept not only emphasises the importance of budgeting and expense planning but also attempts to assess whether a project is sustainable and benefits the national development in a positive way ( The Mohammed bin Rashid government excellence award: handbook 2015). The system scrutinises risk assessment, business continuity, and innovation. Overall, using this model helps the country reach its national objectives while making the UAE an innovation-driven economy. Consequently, this matter not only contributes to the active development of different industries within the country but also to its competitive edge and leading economic position worldwide. Nonetheless, this model was not always a governmental priority. In the recent past, the government of the UAE and Abu Dhabi highly relied on a different principle. The EFQM model was one of the first concepts to be developed, and this framework already relied on pillars ( Abu Dhabi award for excellence in government performance 2003). This model also covered different spheres and aspects of an organisation to assess whether the governmental entity was orientated towards innovation and aimed at improving the financial wellbeing of the community. In this instance, this model attempted to discover the effectiveness of local entities from an international perspective while assessing their performance in leadership, customer and employee satisfaction, workforce capacity, and orientation towards innovation ( Abu Dhabi award for excellence in government performance 2003). Nonetheless, apart from the positive intentions of this model, prejudice and bias when selecting winning contract bidders (for example) continued to exist. Relying solely on an international standpoint created difficulties and raised questions about whether the government could fully benefit from local projects. Simultaneously, the need to consider cultur
Introduction Due to globalization which is characterized by advanced technology especially in transportation, coupled with the desire to learn from other countries, it has been realized that the rate of students seeking education in foreign counties has increased. However, changes and development of internet contributed to the fact that learners are able to obtain desired education certificates by studying in their motherland (Dwyer, 2009). This does not mean that there are no international students. It is worth mentioning that Universities and collages have relied heavily on international students for income as well as resources. Although there have been serious issues facing international students such as cultural differences and communication or language barriers, there is no such burning question as whether or not these students should pay taxes. There are those that should be exempted from paying taxes regardless of whether these students work or not; on the other hand, there are those who believe that they opt to pay taxes since they enjoy the services and goods of the host countries (Vance & Ahlstedt, 1996). The title of persuasive essay is ‘international students should be exempted from paying taxes, unless they are working in the host country’. According to Dwyer, 2009, international students refer to those individuals who are seeking education in other countries and they will stay in that country for the period they will be studying. I believe relieving foreign students from paying taxes will go long way in ensuring that they are not further troubled since they have a whole host of issues to handle such as language barrier and cultural differences. The paper is divided into the following sections, introduction where the thesis statement is brought forth, the main body where the supporting arguments for my case are succinctly covered and lastly the conclusion section where the summary of main points are brought forth. The thesis statement is then re-stated. Supporting arguments I believe that exempting those international students who are not working will go an extra mile in ensuring that Universities and collages open doors for more international students. This is a good concept since it allows to share and learn about other cultures which will help in ensuring that the world’s populations partially or fully understand the various cultures hence they are able to do business successfully in various destinations (Rajapaksa & Dundes, 2003). Assuming that international students are taxed, there will be higher chances that new and prospecting students will be discouraged from seeking studies overseas. In addition to hindering cross-cultural learning and knowledge sharing, this will compromise the advantages Universities and collages enjoyed such as financial gains (Goodman, 2006). On the same note, this act will deny majority of international students the opportunity of enjoying the services and high quality education that could not be obtained from their home countries. This will have a serious long-term impact not only on individuals but also on the enti