ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In this paper, I will briefly set up Callicott’s project by highlighting his main arguments in his article. Further, I will argue that Callicott is right in preferring the Hume/Darwin/Leopold Land Ethic value theory for environmental ethics over Theism and Holistic Rationalism. I will do this by arguing that human activities cause major environmental destructions and thus, man must have ‘land ethics’ so as to preserve the biotic community. This can only be achieved if human beings accept to be mere members of biotic community and stop using land as ‘their’ commodity. In his article, “ Non-Anthropocentric Value Theory and Environmental Ethics “, Callicott starts by informing that the implication of the term ‘environmental ethics’ varies considerably. As such, certain authors analyze environmental ethics as a function of existing philosophical thoughts in connection to the environment while others present it as an exceptional ethical entity. According to Callicott (300), when environmental ethics is taken to be more hypothetical than an applied discipline, then, “most important philosophical task for environmental ethics is the development of non-anthropocentric value theory”. ‘Anthropocentric value theory’ is described as any conjecture that consigns natural values to mankind and views other living organisms as important creatures that enhance human survival (Callicott 299). Therefore, the application of utilitarian calculus to determine the degree of correctness or unfairness of acts that have certain implications on the environment is undoubtedly anthropocentric. On the other hand, non-anthropocentric theories view all living things as equal beings. Non-anthropocentric theories contest the conviction that only humans can enjoy intrinsic values. One such theory is ‘animal liberation theory’ (ethical hedonism) which is highly convectional. It is said to be conventional since it only has a slight variation from the condemned anthropocentric and utilitarian theories. It only calls for reliable implementation of anthropocentric theories. Its pros squabble that the belief that human beings are only creatures that undergo soreness and gratification was not included in the original ideologies of utilitarian theories. However, the tribulations incurred from ethical hedonism are the same as those of utilitarianism. As such, animal liberation theorists would permit the obliteration of forests to acquire feed for cattle since trees are unconscious beings. Furthermore, the theory fails to acknowledge the importance of maintaining equilibrium between species so as to realize a sustainable ecosystem. Callicott also takes time to elaborate on ethical conativism and give his verdict. The theory was coiled from Schweizerian respect for existence. Ethical conativism describes interest using the “will-to-live” (conatations) and also describes natural values “in terms of interests”. As such, living organisms possess inherent importance when interests are comprehensibly consigned to them. This theory considers plants in environmental ethics by arguing that, plant, in a
Emergency Department (ED) is a unit of a hospital that provides various types of emergency care, including reporting, response, field care, etc. One of the most common problems of emergency departments is staff burnout due to highly increasing stress levels, understaffing, and inappropriate scheduling. Specific policies that promote work-life balance, employee benefits, and provide support for staff’s mental health can improve the situation. Systems Theory The department chosen for the analysis is Emergency Department in an XYZ hospital. The department’s input includes staff, patients, family members, supplies and equipment necessary for procedures, funding and grants, information about the type of injury/condition, patient feedback, and healthcare environment. The throughput includes various ED services, such as detection, reporting, response, field care, transit care, unit care, including specific services, e.g., burn, trauma, and stroke care and poison control. The output includes patient volumes, data on the type of injury and care delivered (trauma-critical, urgent care), time of stay, any issues related to admission and discharge of patients, treatment time, and patient volumes (Meyer & O’Brien-Pallas, 2010). Cycles of events include expenditures and revenues, staff accreditation, programs focused on improvement of care effectiveness, coaching, workshops, etc. Negative feedback includes metrics related to organizational and staff performance, treatment efficiency, the impact of human error on care, etc. Identified Problem The problem identified by the author is staff burnout, which can lead to further problems with mental health, e.g., acute stress, depression, and anxiety. Some causes of burnout might be “unpredictable workload, frequent disruptions to circadian rhythms, and caring for high acuity and high complexity patients” (Lu, Dresden, McCloskey, Branzetti, & Gisondi, 2015, p. 998). Staff burnout directly relates to the inflow of energy in the unit, resulting in disruption of care, worsened nursing condition, and less effective treatment and care; all these factors adversely influence inputs. Burnout is also related to the mental and physical health of the staff since it can lead to emotional exhaustion, potential bullying, nonsupportive working relationships, etc. (Laschinger & Grau, 2012). Desired Outcome The desired outcome of a proposed intervention would be decreased burnout, reduction in stress levels and turnover rates, improved working conditions and relationships, suitable scheduling, and lack of too extensive workload. To facilitate the outcomes, the hospital will need to provide better life-work balance to staff by introducing the following policies:  1. Understaffing cannot be addressed by increasing employees’ workload if they are unwilling to accept it.  2. The work environment should be designed and structured in a way that does not interfere with the working process and is not potentially dangerous t
It is a well-known fact that taking risks can result in two things: success of failure. Some people say that taking risks brings to new very important findings, for example, in sports or science; others argue that taking risks can cause failure or even death, for example in finance or everyday life. Some say that taking risks is inherent in people, and other people claim it contradicts instinct of self-preservation. To my mind, taking risks is a bit of all mentioned above, but there is no doubt that for each person taking risks is not the same. I think that taking risks is an important and inevitable part of our lives; we all take risks, major or minor. I agree that if people want to succeed and achieve more they have to risk, at least, from time to time, or as Schwalbe puts it – to try something new (Schwalbe). I assume that all the athletes take risks to establish their records; they are likely to “40-30-30 Rule”, where 30 is the degree of the risk (Schwalbe). This risk rule really works in sport and science, since all the experiments are a kind of risk; scientists take risks and get their results. To my mind, Schwalbe is right pointing out that the most of people regret on what they haven’t done rather on that they did. So in terms of getting rid of one’s regret a person needs to follow own instincts. Nevertheless, it is necessary to admit that sometimes taking risk may cause very negative results; therefore it is necessary to be reasonable. I am impressed with the example provided by Ropeik about the woman who was afraid to fly because of terrorist (Dreifus). This woman decided to drive several states, and she died in a car crash. In this case the woman should have think about the degree and possibility of risk in cars and planes. Regarding the fact that planes are the safest means of travelling, and the fact that possibility of terroristic act repeating wasn’t big, this woman should have gone by plane. This proves that there are some cases where thoughtful reasoning is needed. Here I should stress that thoughtfulness is necessary in medicine where people’s lives are concerned. Doctors should carefully consider all the consequences and then make decisions. Doctors are not the only people who should be concerned about health; people should mind their health themselves. Every risk here should be thought over thousands of times to make no harm to oneself or somebody else. At this point I would like to return to my statement that each person has his/her notion of risk. Someone may think that it is very risky to ride a bicycle, someone may be afraid to take a risk and visit another country or even unfamiliar place. I am sure that a person who goes in for extreme sports, may be very conservative in food and will never “take a risk” to taste some exotic dainty (here I don’t some religious or health restrictions, of course). To my mind these humble risks can be taken, and there is something that can inspire people to take such kind a risk, this is an example of other pe
Introduction The main goal of this paper is to analyse the two market exit approaches initial public offering (IPO) and mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The theoretical analysis is done along with the detailed comparison of two approaches. The choice of a firm between going public (IPO) or be acquired (M&A) depends on many underlying factors. This theoretical analysis ca play a significant role is very significant in findings of emerging financial literature on IPOs and M&As. The main focus of study is on venture capitalists backed businesses decisions of acquisitions and going to public. The practical examples of technological companies exit decisions through IPO and M&A are discussed in detail to evaluate the potential and suitability of both approaches. Venture capitalists whose main job is to make capital investment in companies owned by individuals not governed by any public authorities create their maximum income from companies that are open to people or registered with the stock exchange. A Venture Economics (1988) survey proves that “a $1 investment made in companies that gets registered with the stock exchange gives a normal profit of $1.95 more than the amount of primary investment if normally invested for a period of 4.2 years. The second most excellent option is an investment made in a purchased organization which gives a profit of simply 40 cents for the investments for a period of 3.7 years” (Gompers & Lerner, 23). Whereas study proposes that an IPO is more beneficial outlet plan for venture capitalists, it has been observed that in some organization, venture capitalist preferred an M&A above an IPO. In order to clarify this extraordinary event we will have to investigate the skill of the management functioning which influenced this choice of the venture-backed organization. Financers, while financing in a new firm has to go through a lot of risks but doubt considerably increases as soon as the company starts functioning in technology-intensive organization. In such organizations, financiers and predictor or forward planner do not have technical information whereas the present possessor or proprietors of the company have full and widespread knowledge concerning not merely the in-house process of the industry but also have broad awareness not simply of the in-house practice of the industry but also its modernization capability. The organization which is classified by specialized information, although if the financiers have full knowledge concerning the organization they might be incapable of understanding such particulars or details. In a different way we can say, although the proprietors are forced to make available precise and full details of the company’s functions, the financiers might not have the ability to construe these data if it needs to have the knowledge of
Controlling the Efficient Use of Resources Canadian Education Association (CEA) One of the best strategies for making a given organization successful is how resources are controlled. At CEA, resources are monitored and controlled by the Board of Directors. The members of the board ensure every head of departmental is accountable for different resources used by the organization. Timely reports should be presented to the board for evaluation. Materials obtained from different partners and academicians should be accounted for. Human capital is also taken seriously at this organization (“CEA: About Us” par. 6). The human resource (HR) department focuses on the needs and inputs of different individuals. This practice is taken seriously to achieve every targeted goal. The finance department makes sure money is used wisely to support the organization’s goals. Canadian Association of Independent Schools (CAIS) This organization is headed by a competent Executive Director. Financial assistance and support are received from different stakeholders. Volunteers and workers play a positive role in making the agency successful. School heads are considered whenever managing various resources at the organization. The agency has several coordinators support whose role is to monitor various operations and resources used by the agency (“The Canadian Accredited Independent Schools” par. 6). Human resource is used to support the changing needs of different stakeholders. The finance department ensures the required resources are accounted for. The ED (ED) reviews various projects and initiatives to ensure the organization’s resources are controlled and used sustainably. Social Impact: A Comparative Analysis The Canadian Education Association (CEA) engages different schools and stakeholders to understand the effectiveness of its efforts. This strategy is used to measure impact and identify the major areas that should be improved. Consequently, the agency has managed to spread meaningful ideas to more scholars. The social impact is that these two agencies have transformed the learning outcomes of more people in society. The quality of education has been improved in the targeted region. The agencies propose new measures that can make a huge difference in the nation. This strategy has made it easier for the agency to support the education system of Canada. Many schools use CEA’s research findings and ideas to implement new changes in education. The approach encourages more schools to support the diverse needs of their respective students (Morgan 129). The actions and initiatives of the CEA have made it easier for more students to pursue their professionals and personal goals (Mendelson 15). This is true because more institutions ar
Aviation and airport security is a significant phenomenon in the modern world. It is so because various terrorist attacks and security incidents occur, resulting in threats for individuals. That is why appropriate officials offer recommendations and safety guidelines to protect people from possible dangers. Thus, the principal purpose of the given paper is to comment on the current status of airport and aviation security and consider an example to see whether the existing measures are effective. To begin with, one should state that securing airports and flights is a challenging task because it is necessary to address various sources of threats. The most vital mission is to minimize an opportunity that criminals will manage to enter an airport or set aboard with potentially dangerous items. According to the US Department of Homeland Security (2017), electronic devices that are larger than cell phones are banned. This step is necessary because large electronic devices are more likely to contain explosives. Furthermore, additional measures include thorough passenger vetting and sophisticated screening procedures to identify banned items (US Department of Homeland Security, 2017). These actions have the potential to minimize the number of airport security incidents. Even though the information above stipulates that airport and aviation security is of a decent level, some incidents still happen. One of them occurred in Toronto in 2019, when an American flight delivered three passengers who had not been screened thoroughly. As a result of that situation, “passenger processing was paused, and planes were delayed from leaving” (CBC News, 2019, para. 3). This information demonstrates that terminals are the weak security points because hundreds and thousands of people go through them every day. It becomes challenging to check every individual and be sure that they will not have any dangerous objects. Consequently, it is rational to make airport screening procedures more effective.
It is often pointed out that life can not be full without art and music. They have become an integral part of a complete human being. Needless to say that art and music are activities that have been influencing people’s minds and hearts to a great extent at all times. In their powers is to bring out a softer, mature, and complete person. Without music, life tends to become boring and monotonous. Music can encourage us to improve our knowledge and broaden our views. It can be both lights allowing us to relax our body and entertain the soul and philosophic which main aim is to enrich our lives and expand our horizon. It is very important to learn to appreciate art and music as they prepare us for life in a big and unpredictable world. Music is an important cultural heritage of human beings and it remains an integral part of our present. Moreover, it has always been accompanied by the progress of science and knowledge. In the twentieth century, everything seems to change in split seconds, people have invented a lot of things and devices to ease their lives. The evolution affected different spheres of life and musical was one of them. All traditional forms are broken and the line between musical styles is fast becoming a blurred one. Technology becomes a very influential factor in the music-making process during this period. Composers of the time can be called pioneers of music-making. What is “normal” nowadays was formerly very progressive. The first reason for it lies in the rapid succession of impressions and ideas that people have. For instance, Jazz is very popular and highly valued now, but when it first emerged it was quite disputable. Some people supported it and called it the biggest breakthrough as it influenced composers from all over the world, others were strongly against it. Many contemporary works of art are new or not clear to people this results in the fact that they can be called conceptual art, however, I believe that conceptual art can become a classic one some years later as we have witnessed it earlier in human history. To my mind, the main aim of conceptual art is to broaden people’s view of the world and to gain a new kind of experience. However strange or incomprehensible it may seem, all you need is to open your mind to see the deepest idea of the author, the important message that he wants to convey by his work. That is the foremost reason why I consider John Cage a conceptual artist. John Milton Cage Jr. is an American experimental music composer, philosopher, and artist. He is often called one of the most influential and leading figures of the twentieth century. The use of new technology has affected his works greatly but he was not an idealist merely responding to new music-media technologies because to understand his creative power you need to have a rich historical, cultural and philosophic background. His originality and individual methods and forms of music never let his ideas lie on the surface. Cage’s creative work is many-sided and it puts a lot of philosophic questions that are still under discussion. He has altered the very face of music by his extremely unique career in music. John Cage was not thinkin
This study involves foreign investment in Australia by Chinalco, a 1 Government-owned corporation. In this study, I have acquired knowledge about international foreign investment, and the various aspects involved. The Chinalco deal is of great economic importance, but the management is in a dilemma due to the political issues involved in the issue, which reflects the situation on the ground regarding Australia as an investment destination. The bid by the foreign, government-owned investor, Chinalco has triggered a wave of emotions among the Australian citizens. In essence, Australia is known to be quite dependent on foreign investments to put in place infrastructure, avert rampant unemployment and build industries. However, the regulatory framework that governs foreign investment in Australia has a difficult task ahead in deciding whether or not to approve the Chinalco deal. Australians are aware of the benefits that come hand in hand with globalization, but the perception of an investment by the foreign, government-owned corporation, Chinalco has not been hailed by the majority. Acceptance of the Chinalco bid is perceived as a way of permitting foreigners to buy an asset that belongs to the nation. The federal government ought to make effective arrangements for foreign investors to explore natural resources. In this case, the Chinalco corporation is a customer of the iron produced in Australia. Thus, this issue has several points of view since the investor, Chinalco is a state-owned corporation, and implies that the 2 The Chinese government is buying another government’s assets. Critically, there are foreseen complications that are likely to occur in future once the investor has influence pertaining the iron mines. In this context, the beneficiaries are Chinese local iro