ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Major depression, also known as unipolar depression or clinical depression, can be described as a common mental disorder that is characterized by mood swings, lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities such as sex, low self-esteem and feelings of guilt, abnormal sleeping and eating patterns, low drive, and poor concentration. This paper has actively shown how factors such as financial insecurity, job loss, income, and educational inequalities, lifestyle diseases, and breakdown of the social fabric have acted to propel the mental disorder by making use of theoretical frameworks such as the biopsychosocial model and the diathesis-stress model. As revealed in the paper, major depression has far-reaching consequences if it is left untreated as it is capable of affecting an individual’s quality of life and productivity. Besides causing suicide, it has been blamed by the World Health Organization for being the foremost cause of disability in the world. This paper has revealed that major depression is caused by a multiplicity of factors that include psychological, psychosocial, genetic, biological endowment, and hereditary influences. However, many psychologists and medical personnel are in agreement that depression is largely a byproduct of chemical imbalance. In most major depression cases, the stress factors only act as a swing board to get the disorder running. Once it has developed its own momentum, it no longer requires the stress agents to take their toll on the affected individual The paper has also mentioned some of the methods used in the treatment of major depression namely, electroconvulsive therapy, antidepressant drugs, interpersonal therapy, cognitive behavior therapies, psychodynamic therapy, and experimental therapies. The efficacy of some of these treatment therapies has been well discussed in the paper. Introduction The high rate of modernization and globalization experienced in societies the world over have opened yet another Pandora’s Box in the lives of unsuspecting individuals. Today, many individuals are taking cognizance of the immense challenges brought about by these two processes. While it is undeniable that these processes have brought many opportunities with them, psychologists and other medical experts are correlating them with the sudden increase of individuals exhibiting symptoms of stress and depression. A juxtaposition of factors such as financial insecurity, job loss, income, and educational inequalities, lifestyle diseases, breakdown of the social fabric, and, of course, genetic endowment, have been blamed for this increase (Tucker, 2003). Depression is a mental health disorder that, depending on severity, may require medical intervention to cure. This paper aims at critically evaluating major depression. Body Depression is known to range in intensity from placid interferences of normal mood to extreme disorders of maniac or hypomanic seizures. In the same vein, some types of depressions only last for
Abstract Fossil fuels have been the primary source of energy for humankind for at least 200 years. They amount to over 40% of the world’s energy consumption. Since the events of Deepwater Horizon in 2010, the industry was forced to adopt new policies of safety, quality control, and professional ethics. Sustainability, environmental friendliness, efficiency, and innovation are paramount to the oil-drilling industry in the 21st century. Continued utilization of new technologies, such as BOP, ROV, satellite oil spill detection, IT, AI, and more efficient drilling techniques will ensure the industry’s value in the global market for the future. Introduction Ever since the second half of the 19th century, fossil fuels have become the primary source of energy for humankind. According to Doric and Dimovski, 1 oil accounts for roughly 40% of the entire energy mix, while gas amounts only for 15% in that regard. With the modern global economy expanding exponentially, the demands for oil are on the rise. It is unlikely for oil to be replaced by other, renewable sources of energy in any foreseeable future. Petroleum engineering remains one of the most lucrative industries across the globe. Activities related to it include extraction, transportation, production, and recycling of hydrocarbons as well as the construction of various utilities necessary for the facilitation of the process. These processes are very complex and revolve around careful planning as well as diligent labor and maintenance. However, hydrocarbons as a resource are finite. At the world’s current rate of consumption, some researchers estimate the world’s oil resources to last for 53 years. 2 Therefore, it is necessary for the fuel industry to obtain a measure of sustainability until reasonable alternatives can be found. Oil drilling is a complicated, expensive, and environmentally unfriendly process, which further affects its sustainability and eco-friendliness. The goals of the industry for the next 50 years should be the promotion of energy efficiency through the use of advanced and innovative technologies combined with efforts to reduce negative environmental impact in order to protect our fragile ecosystem. Environmental Impact of Oil Drilling The expansion of oil excavation efforts is associated with negative environmental impact coming from trying to access the oil deposits found in locations difficult to access. As it stands, the majority of fuel deposits located on the surface have already been explored. However, the deep sea remains a largely uncharted vault of hydrocarbons for humanity to utilize. Both deep-sea and surface operations present an inherent danger to the surrounding environment. Fig. 1. Suffosion sinkhole caused by drilling. urface excavation is associated with pollution and unsafe alterations to the geological stratum. Oil extraction leaves empty vacuums underneath the surface, which cause cave-ins and disruptions on the surface, as demonstrated in Figure 1. Deep-sea drilling is even more dangerous to the local ecosystems than surface drilli
Introduction to Accenture The Accenture Company is a large enterprise that is responsible for many businesses of different nature. The baseline for the operations however is in the information technology and business process outsourcing business. The company is a consulting firm that provides outsourcing, information technology-based as well as consultancy services to other businesses all around the world. The headquarters for the company are present in Bermuda, however, it is present and operation in more than 43 countries around the world. Accenture, India is one of its subdivisions in the international market. “The firm is said to be committed to deliver innovation and its Utilities Industry group collaborates with its clients to help them become high-performance businesses. It is asserted that Accenture Ltd. can mobilize the right people, skills and technologies to help their utility clients improve their performance due to the firm’s expertise in business process. Furthermore, it works with over 300 clients in 43 countries and serve 83 percent of the Global Fortune 500 utilities.” (‘Accenture Overview Delivers High-Performance’, 2007) The Strengths and Weaknesses of Accenture The strengths of the company pertaining to the broad offerings of services that the company provides t its clients and other business across the world. The Accenture Company has a significant presence in the software and information technology industry which forms the bulk of its consulting and business process outsourcing ser
Before Interview Before the interview, there is a section that contains tips that an individual can concentrate on before an interview. The most useful tips that I have selected from the unit is conducting prior research about the position offered for the discussion in the organization, checking on the dressing code and managing your brain. The dressing is the most important tip to consider before an interview (Timmermans et al. 2020, 2). An interviewee should ensure that they dress half-step up from how the company’s employee dresses. Brain management is a useful key tip because the tip can adapt better to any environment. Research about the position for the interview enables one to prepare about their roles in the company or organization and how they can curb the resulting issues. During Interview During the interview, the key tips that I consider useful include establishing connection points, taking notes, using repetition, and staying in the discussion. The mentioned tips are essential because they are the eye-openers to interview, displaying the rate of explicit interest, skills and aspiration to become an employee in the company. Staying in the interview enables the interview to realize the level of seriousness shown. Taking notes is an important tip as it identifies you as a serious individual who can go through the points later after the interview (Timmermans et al. 2020, 4). Establishing a perfect connection with the interviewer brings about cooperation due to the trust that is displayed. After Interview After the interview, the tips that I found essential include understanding that human brains
In the first half of the 20th century, documentaries aimed to exemplify the reality through the study of the indigenous population. Tribal people were considered uncivilized when compared with whites. Filmmakers produced films on tribes by using anthropological approaches. Robert Flaherty believes in this philosophy of film production. He aimed to portray the real life of the tribal population. He surveyed the Hudson Bay region of Canada. He mingled with the indigenous tribes living in the region. Motion picture and still cameras were used to depict the tribal population. Unfortunately, his film was destroyed in a fire. This incident compelled the film producer to produce another film. The film was entitled, “Nanook of the North.” Flaherty obtained the advice of the members of the tribe, Itivimuits. Flaherty accomplished processes such as shooting, directing, and editing. He permitted members of the tribe to express their views concerning the scenes of the film. The documentary was created by using 75,000 feet film. Flaherty also used equipment such as Haulberg electric light plant and projector. Two Akeley cameras and a printing machine were used to take the final print of the film. This equipment was used to print the film. The film was exposed and projected on the screen. The Eskimos were allowed to watch the film. They were also allowed to express their views concerning the merits and demerits of the film. In this way, the film establishes the autonomy of the tribal populace. Filmmakers such as Edison and Lumieres knew about creating films. Flaherty followed the model provided by his predecessors. He introduced a few innovations in his filmmaking technique. For example, he used a long lens. Moreover, the montage technique was employed. This technique was effective in creating scenes involving a family, the fur trader, puppies, and a dog. This technique was successful in depicting the life of the tribes and animals. Flaherty was not pleased with his first attempt. He was determined to produce a film to illustrate the life of the tribes. He used actors to reconstruct scenes that represented the real life of the people. He selected the subject of a family struggling to survive. The family had to deal with the vagaries of nature. Flaherty created fictitious characters in the film. For example, he created characters such as Nanook, his wife, and family members. The actors were paid for their contribution to the film. The documentary depicts the hunting scene. Interestingly, hunters did not use harpoons. They used rifles for hunting animals. The film production team created a specially designed igloo or tribal accommodation. This technique allowed Flaherty to capture scenes, which had the background of the daylight. The film of Flaherty did not signify the contemporary lifestyle of the tribes. Instead, it depicted the past glory of the tribal population. Flaherty’s film may disappoint the modern film critique. He failed to depict
Introduction Psychodynamic theory seeks to explain human behavior based on the concept that a person’s mind has two sections; the conscious part and the unconscious part. It also suggests that a person’s behavior is largely dependent on a child’s upbringing and the variables involved in the society. According to Sundberg (2001), psychodynamic theory was an upgrade of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis theory. This paper explains the different facets of this theory. It bases its argument on human decisions like conflict resolution. Structure of Personality This theory proposes that a person’s personality has three subdivisions; the ID, the ego and the superego (Sundberg, 2001). These three are mutually dependent. An individual’s ID constitutes of dreams, aspirations and desires both good and bad. The superego is then believed to be the conscience; it, therefore, guides a person’s action by making it possible for them to differentiate between right and wrong. It is developed as one grows and it is largely dependent on one’s experiences, upbringing and surroundings. On the other hand, the ego is believed to be the middle ground between the ID and the superego. It seeks to settle disputes that may occur between the ID and the superego. This theory posited that an individuals ID and the superego are in constant conflict with each other. According to this theory, an individual’s ID, which constitutes his or her innate desires, is carefree (Raphael-Leff, 2005). It is oblivious of the consequences that may arise due to its actions. However, the superego is aware of these consequences and will, therefore, intervene to try and stop the individual from doing anything that may cause harm. This is, therefore, what causes the conflict between the two. The ego, therefore, tries to find a middle ground and resolve the conflict. This leads to the ego coming up with various coping mechanisms so as to seek balance between the two. It should be noted that if there is no balance between a person’s superego and ID the person may suffer mental illness. From this explanation, it, therefore, becomes obvious that the ego makes up the conscious part of mind while the ID and the superego make up the unconscious part. Resolution of the Conflict As mentioned earlier, the ego, in its quest to resolve the conflict in the unconscious part of the mind, comes up with various coping mechanisms which will be discussed. Repression is where the ego will try to suppress the innate desire especially if it is thought to be inappropriate, for example, sexual desires. The individual may, however, find other ways to express this desire sub consciously. Displacement is where the person will try to direct the unwanted urges elsewhere. For example if a person is angry at their spouse they may take it out on a friend. Projection is where the individual will try and put the blame on someone else, or try and give explanations as to what is causing these urges. Regression, on the other hand, is where the individual will avoid the situation by regressing back to an inferior emotional pha
Introduction It is imperative to note that the history of public relations and marketing is an intriguing topic that is frequently discussed by scholars. It is reasonable to review the literature on this subject matter to get a better understanding of the stages of development and progress that was shown over the years. The variety of theories and conceptualizations is truly impressive and needs to be acknowledged. Such knowledge will be incredibly helpful, and can be utilized to explain the differences between Discussion Public Relations It is believed that public relations have originated in Greece. They used the word “semantics”, and it was used to describe actions that’s would influence other people. Such definition is rather close to the current meaning. The Crisis by Thomas Paine is also truly fascinating because the piece has managed to affect the behavior of soldiers. The author’s ability to promote particular ideas and beliefs was outstanding and needs to be studied by every scholar interested in public relations. The influence of Benjamin Franklin also should not be overlooked, and he has focused on moral decisions. He is viewed as the firm expert in this area in the U.S. (Green 114) It is hard to argue with the fact that the ideas suggested by P. T. Barnum had an enormous impact on the formation of public relations. He was able to attract customers with a broad range of methods that were rather innovative at that time. However, some of his techniques would not be acceptable in modern society because he has lied to the public on numerous occasions. William Seward is another vital figure in the development of the concept. He has studied the ways in which the press may be used to influence the opinions of the public. A scholar took advantage of the fact that it is much easier to spread the required ideas and ideologies, and this ability was valued by Lincoln. Researchers suggest that it was viewed as a profession in 1903, and Ivy Lee is one of the originators because he provided such services and discussed most of the aspects of public relations with John Rockefeller (Olasky 45). Moreover, it is possible to state that his work was quite influential, and his recommendations have helped to address some of the biggest problems. It is suggested that one of the primary reasons for the introduction of social responsibility is the attempt to minimize possible damage, and it is closely connected to ethical beliefs most of the time. Crisis communication is also a fascinating subject matter. The idea originated long time ago but started to be utilized
Introduction Statistics from Forbes indicate that customer service ratings are dwindling in the restaurant business. Fast food restaurant chains are doing relatively well, but the biggest names are not impressive. This means that players need to learn what satisfies their clients and implement these aspects fully in their restaurant chains. Simple adjustments in service provision can make the difference between mediocre and satisfactory customer service. How to improve customer service The reason why many fast food restaurants are topping service quality ratings is their emphasis on fast service. Society is becoming impatient with service providers. Attention spans are reducing, and people have less time for meals. Consequently, when they eat out, many of them want to spend as little time as possible in these facilities. Therefore, restaurants that can provide meals in the shortest time possible will carry the day. People are willing to pay a premium for convenience. This explains why some of them even want restaurants to deliver their meals to them (Tice 13). Clearly, time consciousness is an indispensable quality in hospitality. While it may not be realistic to make six-course meals in ten minutes, larger restaurants can learn from their fast food counterparts. They should try as much as possible to minimize customer waiting times. If buyers want to spend three hours in eateries, then eating should be their primary activity. Restaurant managers should not cheat their clients by wasting their time. The hospitality industry is one of the most people-centered services. Therefore, the manner in which staff members treat their clients has a direct impact on customer satisfaction and hence repeat business. Employees need to extend courtesy to clients as soon as they enter this establishment. One way of demonstrating this quality is by acknowledging a client’s presence, greeting them and maintaining eye contact as the customer makes his order. Attendants should pay a lot of attention to the customer. It can be quite frustrating to make a customer wait for a certain meal only to deliver the wrong one to them. If a client asks for something that the restaurant cannot offer, then it is their obligation to apologize for lacking the item and suggest other alternatives. Staff should refer to regular clients by name. They should remember their usual meals and ask them about it before they order; such individuals would feel special. Additionally, when bringing the meal, restaurants should think about other tools that might be needed by the client. For instance, if a customer asked for a stea
Introduction For this assignment, I described my idea of the perfect nurse and analyzed which stereotypes it revealed, including race, gender, generation, and other qualities. After considering the notions, I concluded that my image of a nurse was a white or African American woman, aged between 25 and 50, who was kind and caring but also competent and reassuring. The description reveals that my image is subject to stereotypes, particularly those related to race and gender. In this essay, I will outline the preconceptions I had in greater detail and attempt to explain their origins. Gender Issues in Nursing Nursing traditionally has been considered a primarily female role, as depictions of nurses often describe them as caring and sentimental, qualities that are commonly associated with women. Furthermore, many of the profession’s most notable figures, such as Florence Nightingale, were female, as opposed to many other jobs, where most of the progress is documented as a male achievement. My description of the perfect nurse has been influenced by this ongoing perception, even though numerous men work as nurses. However, they do not receive as much recognition as the women in the same roles, primarily because the popular perception and the mass media tend to overlook or misrepresent them. Furthermore, while I investigated the possibility of a man fitting into my image of the perfect nurse and rejected it, I did not consider people who identify as non-binary. According to Eliason (2017), this issue is ongoing and relevant in nursing, as the body of people who do not identify as one of the two genders in the traditional sense is rapidly growing, and attempts to force them to conform to the societal norms can only be harmful. Ultimately, the image of a perfect representative of a profession should be free of constraints that are unnecessary, such as gender. Nursing, Race, and Ethnicity The image I had in my mind was one of a white or African American person, which displays a degree of diversity. However, the United States is home to a variety of races and ethnic groups, and upon considering some of them, I have realized that they did not conform to my perceptions. For example, the construct did not include Asian nurses, even though increasing numbers of members of that race are settling in the U.S. and taking on various positions, including those of nurses. The same could be said for Native American nurses, as the idea appeared just unusual enough to introduce a disturbance into the portrait. Furthermore, I had not considered people who belong to one of the two races, but are part of a significantly different ethnicity from the majority of white Americans. For example, I did not consider the possibility of a Hispanic nurse, a perception that appears to b