Ecology is a science that studies the laws of interaction between organisms and their habitat, the laws of development, and the existence of the biosphere as complexes of interacting living and nonliving components in different parts of the biosphere. The main objectives of ecology are to comprehend the laws of functioning and development of the biosphere as an integral system and to study the reactions of environmental components to the disturbance of the impact of natural and anthropogenic origin. The goals also include determining the permissible limits of the impact of human civilization on the environment and the development of conceptual ideas and recommendations on ways of development of society, which would guarantee compliance with the limits of impact on the environment, the existence and development of the latter (Coleman et al., 2018). Ecology is not only a scientific discipline because it is a problem-oriented system of scientific knowledge. The given analysis will primarily focus on soil ecology because the latter is among the most critical aspects of the field. The importance of soil health is difficult to overestimate because, firstly, it serves as the main source of food for humans, domestic and wild animals, birds, and beneficial microorganisms. Secondly, it is the basis for construction, recreation, and human life. Research suggests that the fundamental aspects of soil ecology are centered around the fact that there are four major themes, which are new directions, soil management and global change, the functioning and interactions of ecosystems, and biogeography and soil biodiversity (Eisenhauer et al., 2017). However, human activity inevitably leads to soil pollution and impoverishment of soil’s contents. For instance, peat drainage can cause biodiversity loss, soil subsidence, and CO2 emission (Deru et al., 2018). The area of soil ecology can have a direct impact on public health, such as tick-borne diseases, which are highly reliant on specific states of the soil (Burtis et al., 2019). In other words, soil ecology can provide plausible and effective solutions for preventing major healthcare issues. The soil is an integral part of the earthly spheres. Its importance in the small biological and large geological circulation of substances and energy is enormous since it is a substrate for many representatives of microfauna and flora and is an accumulator of chemicals that ensure the vital activity of living organisms. Chemical compounds can be both inorganic and organic, and a failure in the soil component will certainly affect the overall state of the biosphere. An example of this is the process of fusion occurring in the natural biosphere under the influence of natural and climatic factors and aggravated by anthropogenic impact (Coleman et al., 2018). This phenomenon is a negative factor for flora and fauna, since degradation of the soil cover occurs, the result of which is soil with poor physical, chemical, and, therefore, biological characteristics. One of the consequences of the intensification of human production activity is the intensive pollution of the soil cover. The main soil pollutants are metals and their compounds, radioactive elements, as well as fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture. The most dangerous soil pollutants i