ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Almost every nation in the world conducts presidential elections at one point in time. This is done so that the nation can choose a leader of their choice to rule and govern them. As such, presidential elections are significant in all nations since the citizens get the opportunity to choose the president of their country. Different government systems use different methods to elect their presidents as well as conducting the election process at different periods. In this paper, the USA presidential election process as well as the criterion used in elections will be discussed. In the United States, elections are normally carried out on the Election Day which falls between the 2 nd and 8 th of November after every four years. The trend in the United States from 1792 has been that the presidential elections take place quadrennially. For instance, the previously held elections in the USA took place November 4, 2008. In that case, the next presidential elections are bound to take place on November 6, 2012 according to the stipulated election laws. The laws of the state and federal government normally regulate the USA presidential elections (Mayer and Bernstein). As such, the process entails a certain number of electors from the Electoral College being allocated to each state [1] . The allocation is made in such a way that it corresponds to the number of senators as well as the Representatives of the U.S Congress. The candidates wishing to contest for any post in the government are required to be certified by the Congress as early as in the month of January in the Election year. The voters on the other hand are given the authority to vote for any candidate they deem fit for the post according to their opinion. In order to ensure fairness in the elections, the votes are cast in secured ballot boxes. For one to be certified as a presidential candidate in the United States they must bear the following characteristics:   * They must be 35 years and above   * They must have been U.S residents for a period of at least 14 years [2] .   * They must be native citizens of USA by birth.   * They must have served as USA presidents for only one term or none at all. From the above requirements, it means that one cannot be elected as the president of the USA for a third term. In that case, the constitution stipulates that the presidents are only to serve for a maximum of two terms only. In addition to this, the presidential candidates are normally selected through primary elections conducted by the delegates of the political party. In this case, the presidential candidate is entitled to win the nomination by a majority vote from the delegates. In other instances, the presidential candidates are selected because of the prominence they have in the party. In the presi
There is no guarantee that someone who networks will be successful in business. In fact, ninety-five percent of networking activities do not translate to any tangible benefits. However, people that succeed in business participate in networking events. The point here is that doing it does not guarantee it will work, but success relies on it. People who benefit from networking understand that networking is a lot more than just meeting people. They know that it takes effort and initiative to turn the networking event into a good use of time. The basic philosophy behind successful networking is that the events provide an individual with the opportunity to meet people with whom they can have mutual benefit. Effective networking is an essential skill for all consultants. The nature of consulting is such that prior contact adds to the odds of someone agreeing to hire a person. It is imperative to develop strong networking skills to succeed in business. Effective Networking Techniques A consultant has several options to choose from when it comes to the choice of networking techniques. The traditional models stressed on the need for carrying business cards to networking events. It is the easiest way of giving a new contact a way to make contact, but it is in itself not sufficient for effective results. There is the increasing use of blogs and websites as a means of interacting with potential clients. What blogs provide is the opportunity to come off as an expert in a field. This is the dream of every consultant hence the need to have some online presence. Many consultants also use social medial platforms such as tweeter and face book to meet new people. A time-tested method of successful networking is using the same methods that social coaches advocate for like maintaining eye contact when talking to someone, listening more than talking, and generally taking genuine interest other people. This makes a person appear sincere and friendly, one that you would want to do business with someday. One of the key things to remember is that the first meeting is never a sales meeting. As soon as people realize that you are trying to sell to them on the first meeting in an environment not meant for it, they do not leave with a good impression. In networking events, the point is to make positive contact, which may or may not lead to a direct business deal. Networkin
Abstract At present, the argument on whether shift work and atypical work schedules benefit both the employer and employees is prevalent. From the perspective, of a worker, flexible work schedule and shift work gives them liberty and is convenient. There exists remarkable convenience in the use of shifts and work schedules, since an employer can organize his day’s work in a manner that he does not abandon home or work. Conversely, from the perspective of an employer shifts enables adept completion of tasks and it is suitable for certain tasks that are time sensitive. Since workers will be working in shifts, an institution can even remain open through out the day and night, depending on the arrangement. Besides, the employer, who organizes shifts and work schedules gains in numerous ways, including a happy and prolific workforce. Such arguments demonstrate that typical working schedules can benefits both the employer and the employee. On the other hand, work schedules and shifts can pretense negative effects to both the employer and the employee. This paper explores these issues and establishes that atypical work schedules and shifts benefit both the employer and employee, since their benefits outweigh the disadvantages. Introduction Institutions are, under regular stress, to create services and goods that are of suitable quality and fair price, at the convenience of consumers. Such stress can imply that new manners of working must not be created, so as, to maximize the use of resources and workers. For instance, the intricacy and value of capital tools may denote that institutions are not apt to leave it unused. This usually calls for the establishment of shift work to offer incessant working, or even a week. Shift work and work schedules, also, develop when consumers want products outside conventional and typical hours of work. Besides, most institutions only experience peaks at certain times of the year, leading to a variation in the demand for workers. Such institutions employ shift works, in order to retain the required amount of workforce in the organization. Lastly, several aspects of an institution’s work may necessitate high-level professional skills just for a provisional phase. For instance, there may be a need for the installation and design of a certain device, in an organization. Such an organization does not have to hire a permanent employee, but will hire a provisional expert. Also, shift work may be vital due to religious practices. For instance, a Muslim may prefer to work on Sunday, while a Christian may not be comfortable to work on this day. Shifts, in such a case, can be used to ensure that persons are unoccupied on their days of worship. Besides, shift work may be vital because persons with some disabilities may not manage to work on a
The View of Keohane and Martin In their work, the researchers advocate the efficiency of the institutionalist theory while addressing some flaws of Mearsheimer’s “version of realism” (Keohane and Martin 39). Keohane and Martin note that Mearsheimer sees international institutions as ineffective. One of the reasons for that is the fact that every state wants to be the most powerful within the institution, especially when it comes to security. At the same time, authors argue that NATO can be regarded as an illustration of the institution where members are not focused on supremacy in their military power. The researchers also argue that institutions help states to compromise and achieve consensus on various issues when several members make up the international institutions. Importantly, the authors stress that these institutions may be effective in economic, political and security issues under the conditions mentioned above. In my opinion, Keohane and Martin unveil the flaws in Mearsheimer’s approach and manage to prove that international institutions are effective. Moreover, the authors provide sufficient arguments to prove the strengths of the institutionalist theory. One of the most valuable insights of the paper is the attention to particular conditions when international institutions are effective. Ruggie’s View on Realism Ruggie does not support Mearsheimer’s criticism of institutionalism. Ruggie provides three major arguments (62). First, the author stresses that the US leaders adopted institutionalist ideas and were active advocates of international institutions. The researcher emphasizes that this influenced the development of the international relations positively especially when it came to the international security (Ruggie 65). Second, international institutions managed to create a safe
Ray Bradbury is deservedly known as one of the greatest masters of American science fiction who pioneered the genre in many ways and established it on a par with the older and more respectable literary counterparts. His writings are often cautionary takes that warn the reader about the dangers of neglecting essential aspects of human existence. The danger Bradbury warns about may include unrestrained militarism, as in “Martian Chronicles,” suppression of culture, as in “451 Fahrenheit,” and, of course, predatory exploitation of the environment, as in “A Sound of Thunder.” The short story’s characters learn the hard way that even the seemingly insignificant and mundane actions can have great and even grave consequences in the long run. Weaving the narrative, Bradbury uses the butterfly effect to showcase that technological development should not cause arrogance and carelessness that can eventually lead to neglecting the environment humanity inhabits. Before analyzing the story as a metaphor for environmentalism, a brief summary is in order. “A Sound of Thunder” takes place in 2055, when Time Safari Inc. offers rich hunters an opportunity to go back in time to hunt famous creatures. The story begins with a hunter named Eckels who paid to hunt a Tyrannosaurus Rex (Bradbury 2). Eckels is going on this trip soon after a certain Deutscher, described only as “a militarist, anti­-Christ, anti­-human, anti­-intellectual” have lost the Presidential election, which puts Eckels and others at ease (Bradbury 2). Time Safari Inc. goes to great lengths to minimize the time travelers’ involvement in the distant past – for example, they deliberately choose animals who would have soon died to natural causes anyway (Bradbury 5). Yet this careful preparation almost goes to waste – Eckels panics and runs away, and only the actions of his guide Travis save the day. However, upon returning to the future, the two find out that the world has changed for the worst – and then, much to their horror, see that Eckels has stepped on a butterfly while in the past, supposedly causing the irrevocable change. The central plot device of the story is the so-called butterfly effect – the idea that seemingly insignificant changes may have an outstanding impact on the long-term stability of a given system. The name quite obviously refers to the fact that the death of a single butterfly “leads to the spreading perturbation until it reaches the size of the system” (Aleiner et al. 2). The term has proven so influential that it was eventually appropriated by physics – but it is still remembered as one of Bradbury’s greatest contributio
Introduction Compliance to a set curriculum is an important aspect in achieving the intended academic objectives in any unit. This entails proper development of the students’ ability to apply the knowledge they acquire in their career development. It also enhances good interaction of students and their teachers, which enhances development of a suitable learning environment with active participation of both the students and the teachers. According to Mansilla, Duraisingh and Wolfe, a rubric is an essential requirement for any curriculum because besides being an assessment tool, it provides a basis for reflection and self-evaluation to both the teachers and students (2009, p.342). This paper explains the compliance of the unit, A Race with Grace: Sports Poetry in Motion , to a set rubric. Compliance of the unit with the rubric The lesson author has given the teacher a number of questions necessary in enhancing the students’ understanding of the unit. For instance, the teacher should ask the students to think about what they have seen in the websites and come up with words to use for the word wall. The lesson author also provides some questions that are essential for journal writing. These questions act as guidelines in the unit since they prompt the students to think in line with the study topic. The lesson author also aligned the lesson to the NCTE/IRA National Standards for the English Language Arts for benchmarking purposes. The unit also entails a variety of instructional strategies. The teacher facilitates the most of the learning activities such as providing reference sources as well as the equipments required by the students as outlined in the ‘Resource and Preparation’ part of the lesson plan. The teacher also encourages the students to work in groups to create an interactive environment between the students, which enhances further learning. The author also requires the teacher to work with the students to help them come up with ways of presenting their work. The teacher has the obligation to answer the students’ questions. The lesson author has also given the teacher some guidelines of assessing the students which is a necessity in any academic curriculum. At the beginning of every session, the lesson author requires the teacher to carry out an introductory activity. It is important for equipping the students with knowledge prior to the main lesson of the session (Goodrich, 1996, p.16). For instance, in the first session, the teacher is supposed to share website information with the students. In the second and third session, the teacher divides the students into groups of four or three and sends them to collect pictures of bodies in motion in a variety of athletic activities. In the fourth session, the teacher is to engage the students in an activity aimed at helping them to make a good choice of words when writing poems. As a requirement in the rubric, the unit contains more than three lesson plans with objectives, learning activities, teaching strategies as well as learning
Research Question How does the type of plant affect the growth rate when using minimum water requirements? Background Knowledge The Middle East region has arid and semi-arid climatic conditions that are characterized by water scarcity and high temperatures that result in high evaporation rates (Beaumont, Blake & Wagstaff 2016). Additionally, the loose soils and desert winds contribute to air pollution when the soil is blown into the air leading to respiratory illnesses (Anderson et al. 2012; Lelieveld et al. 2014). The loose soils are also prone to soil erosion leading to the loss of soil nutrients. Increasing plant cover has been reported to be a viable solution to the problem of soil erosion and air pollution by soil. However, given the issue of water scarcity, it is necessary to find plant species that can thrive with minimum water requirements. Therefore, this investigation seeks to find the most suitable plant that can thrive with minimal water requirements to survive the harsh climatic conditions of the Middle East. The availability and growth of such a plant will not only conserve the soil and its nutrients but will also protect the society from respiratory disorders associated with inhaling soil particles in the air. Various plant species are adapted to growing in different climatic conditions. An example is sunflower plant Helianthus annuus, which is well suited to growing in warm climates (SFGATE 2016). The plant is also known to do well in areas that allow it to have a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight every day. The growth rates of other plants related to Helianthus annuus was determined to determine the best plant species that can survive warm climates with minimal water requirements. Hypothesis It was hypothesized that the sunflower plant ( Helianthus annuus ) would grow fastest and have the highest biomass. Significance or Manipulation of Variables Independent variable The independent variable was the type of plant. Different plants have varying water requirements depending on their inherent adaptations to survive under varying climatic conditions. The type of plant was manipulated by using seeds from five different plants. The independent variable did not have units of measurement. However, the five seed types were obtained from a group of closely related plants of the order Asterales. Dependent variable The dependent variable was the plant growth rate. The rate of plant growth is a useful indicator of the growth conditions that favor the development of a plant. The rate of growth was measured consistently using the biomass (dry weight) of the plants at the end of the experiment. The biomass was measured in grams. Controlled variables
Abstract Glucosamine supplementation has mainly been focused by many researchers to establish its benefits and effects on people experiencing joint pains especially in the knee due to cartilage damage or osteoarthritis. Some tests have been carried out involving patients with knee pain of unknown origin. They performed the tests for 3 months while assessing their improvements throughout the period. They compared the efficacy of glucosamine, methlysulfonylmethane (MSM), and placebo. They divided patients into two or more groups and later used the findings to report on the efficacy of the supplements. Most studies reported glucosamine as superior and most effective among the supplements and also indicated fewer side effects as compared to the other supplements. Most studies proposed glucosamine supplementation to be used as pain relievers. This paper discusses the effects of glucosamine supplementation on people. Some experiments have been highlighted in the study to compare different findings. Side effects of glucosamine have been discussed as well. Effects of glucosamine on glucose metabolism have been explained. Introduction When glucosamine is converted to glucosamine sulfate or hydrochloride, it helps in regenerating or restoring cartilage and displays any anti-inflammatory effects (Braham, Dawson, & Goodman, 2003, p.13). This can result in deterioration of cartilage and advancement of osteoarthritis. It is significant to point out that there is range of compounds and chemicals inside cartilage and intake of glucosamine alone should not be seen as the only solution. After a while, daily tear and wear, imbalance diets, normal injuries, and aging may lead to uneven and damaged cartilage, tissues, and tendons. Maintaining healthy and steady joints is an essential part of keeping ourselves active and staying pain free. Glucosamine have been indicated to fulfill above issues through maintaining healthy and flexible joints by restoring and lubricating connective tissues. Most studies have shown that glucosamine supplements may offer great assistance in reducing or eliminating pain in the body, particularly knee pain and improvement of physical function. This paper is a critical assessment of the accessible research information on the effects of glucosamine supplementation to individuals having knee pain. Discussion The occurrence of knee and ankle injuries is possibly higher in sports than any other event and often prevents participants in training and competitions. Glucosamine and chondroitin are two well-known substances which are used for joint health maintenance. It is considered that glucosamine can assist to improve the structural integrity and flexibility of bone cartilage. Glucosamine may retard the development of osteoarthritis, at least in adults. From some literatures, it showed that glucosamine assists adults with knee injury since it produces a palliative effect and acts as an option or adjuvant cure to non-steroid anti-inflammatory medicine (Maughan, 2006, p.90). The safety assessment of glucosamine supplements in line with the latest indications and dosage treatments showed that gl
Robert Frost’s imaginative and epic poem “Nothing Gold Can Stay” utilizes nature to symbolize the concept that beautiful and good things in life will eventually fade away. The speaker and nature in the poem communicate through the rapidly changing times. From a distance, the speaker observes how quickly time passes, bringing forth notable changes. Evidence of lessons about life is conveyed in the poem by non-human nature. For instance, the poem explains the flourishing leaves as gold during the spring season. The same leaves gradually fade as the season’s change, but before the shoot wilts, it bears flowers that are beautiful and short-lived. Here, the seasons parallel the short human life that if one fails to utilize appropriately, elapses, leaving one with grief. Notably, the persona feels remorseful about the quick successions of events leading to the demise of the once blossoming shoot. Inline seven, the speaker sorrowfully says, “So Eden sank to grief” while registering his displeasure with short human life. Admittedly, the poem’s structure plays a central role in depicting the emotional aspect of the theme. First, the poem is relatively short, which parallels the main idea of portraying brief human life. The poem is only eight lines full of literary devices complementing the theme. The shortness of the poem evokes remorseful, melancholic, and resentful emotions. Seemingly, the persona is dissatisfied that life ends quickly when it should have lasted a little longer. For example, in lines four and five, “the early leaf’s a flower but only so an hour,” meaning the flower blossoms for only an hour before it wilts and dies. That symbolizes youthful human life full of energy, vigor, and ambitions but quickly fades away, leaving people with grief. Further remorseful emotions are depicted by the repetition of the title as the last line of the poem indicates the persona’s firm belief in the sad fate of human life. Essentially, the most critical message to deduce from the poem is always to appreciate all the precious moments because they hardly last long. I connect with the poem at a personal level as it speaks to my heart about the truth of my life. Human growth is rapid, and if one is not keen to enjoy the moments, precious time tends to pass without our notice. Children are born and quickly grow up to be young adults, adults, and senior adults, then face their ultimate death to complete the cycle leaving their offspring following the same route. Overall, the message of the poem is told poetically with the perfect utilization of imagery, metaphors, symbols, and sounds combined to bring forth the theme of parallelism between nature and human life. Reference Frost, R. (n.d.). “Neither out far nor in deep” The Literature Network .