ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Overview of Burma and Aung San Suu Kyi Burma is known as Myanmar and holds the highest record of human rights violation. The eye-catching issue in Burma is the long duration of military rule, from 1962 to 2011 (BBC par 1). A new constitution was formed in 2008, and it gave way for civilians to hold political positions. Aung San Suu Kyi was an opposition group during the grand general election in 2010. The group opposed the elections since they were marred with impunity. The Burma military junta regarded the Aung San Suu Kyi as ‘democratic fighter’ because it led to ethnic tension in Burma. Additionally, the international human rights community viewed Aung San Suu Kyi group as a symbol of ‘freedom from oppression’ in Burma (BBC par 4). The official name of Burma is the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Burma is the largest ethnic group in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. According to the UN 2012 report, the country has a total population of 48.7 million, and its capital city is Nay Pyi Taw. Major religions are Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity. Burma has experienced three major Anglo-Burmese wars in 1824, 1852, and 1885 (BBC par 4). The first Anglo-Burmese war lasted for two years due to the intervention of the Treaty of Yandabo. The second Anglo-Burmese war was in 1852 and led to the removal of British governor from the political post. The Postcolonial Anglo-Burmese war occurred in 1885 where the British had an intention of conquering the remainder of Burma (BBC par 6). Nature of Colonization The story “Shooting an Elephant” expresses ways of gaining and destroying personal freedom under military rule. The soldier in the story has an Indian origin and goes ahead to shoot an elephant. The shooting of the elephant was in line with the will of the people, but the soldier feels guilty for denying the elephant its rights to live. Orwell describes the humiliation he undergoes before his native people due to the oppression from the British Empire. The British practiced imperialism during the Anglo-Burmese wars. Imperialism affects both the oppressor and the oppressed, according to the Orwell narration (Orwell 2). Orwell; who is a Burmese works as a British soldier and is displeased with the ruling nature of the Britain toward the Burmese. The unjust system of power results in doing activities that are wrong according to personal conscious. Orwell kills an elephant that was calm out of high pressure from the colonialists, and the locals. In other terms, the soldier thinks that the oppressor does not have control on the cause of actions that takes place at the community level (Orwell 4). Tools of State Power In Burma, there is extreme brutality of the police force unlike the police in the United States. The military junta instils fear among the residents and denies them freedom of expression. According to Larkin (15), Orwell worked for the military without any form of external influence. Orwell used his conscious in making influential military decisions eve
This is a touching movie, and most people who have watched it will agree that the levels of commitment that are exhibited by the family members towards Christy Brown despite his disabilities are relatively high. In that era, the fact that most individuals who suffered from diseases such as cerebral palsy were institutionalized was quite depressing. It meant that the individuals encountered a lot of segregation and discrimination, and they were never given an opportunity to stay with their family members or to display their talents. The case of Christy Brown is one such example that shows that a person with disabilities can do many things. This is because Christy Brown is given the chance to stay with his family, and in due course, he shows how talented he is by making use of the only part of his body that he can control, which is his left foot. This proved that individuals with the disease could do many things like the way Christy Brown painted with his foot. It is just that they never had the chance to stay with people who love them, thus encouraging them to show case their talents. The movie encourages people who have family members who are suffering from the condition to show them love, and offer them extra care since they are not altogether retarded. In the case of Christy Brown, his family members imagined that he was retarded, yet he was not. He managed to use his foot to communicate by writing on the ground, which stunned his family. The stigma that most people have about people with cerebral palsy ought to be done away with. There is a lot to be taught about the disease. The people who suffer from cerebral palsy can be taught how and encouraged to control their bodies including speech and muscle control. The most intriguing aspect about the movie is the love that the family members exhibit towards Christy Brown. His mother shows exceptional love and so does the rest of the family. The movie also shows how individuals suffering from cerebral palsy have emotions such as love and hate. This is depicted when Christy falls in love with Dr. Eileen, who was his doctor. She had introduced him to a new program that had been launched for people with cerebral palsy. He shows severe levels of depression when she declares that she is going to marry someone else. Christy Brown is portrayed as a very emotional character who attemp
Introduction The human resource is one of the key assets in any organization and as such needs to be managed very well if the organizations are to achieve any tangible advantage over its peers in the market. This is because while a company may have excellent business ideas it depends on a motivated workforce to implement and drive those ideas (Dessler 2004). Human resource management issues do not necessarily concern themselves with the issues affecting the employees or their welfare, but is concerned with the issues of the human resource department of that organization and how they are related to the overall business policy and strategies of the organization. This means that the management of human resource is connected to the existing business strategies of those organizations (Analoui 2002). This is evident in the airline industry where major players fashions their human resource management practices with the existing business strategies. Airlines all over the world combine a mix of human management practices that are in line with the industry dynamics as well as the current challenges that face the industry, and also the specific organization. However there are some common strategies that major world carriers are employing as part of the human resource management. These include having leaner workforce, reductions in wages, allowances and other benefits, as well as training ad retraining of worker to improve on workface productivity (Gittell et al 2006). This report will focuses on British Airways, the human resource polices, challenges and strategies, and how the company is changing its human resource management approach in line with emerging challenges British airways – brief profile British Airways is one of the leading airlines in the world and offer full service such as holidays, accommodation, car hire and rentals, credit cards, foreign currency exchange, travel insurance, shopping with British Airways among many others. The company is committed to maintaining a competitive edge over its peers in this industry. This is achieved through offering low fares all year round on all its routes across the globe. Our airline flies to and from centrally located airports and offers flights around the world (BA 2011). In creating and maintaining a successful the company sees its human resource as the key asset and as such it strives to maintain a highly motivated workforce that helps the company attain its business as well as corporate social responsibility goals (BA 2009). By the year 2009 the company has a total employee base of 40,627 (BA 2011). BA – HRM policy
Tobacco growers in Swabi, Pakistan have warned to hold protests to the Pakistan Tobacco Board due to low payments for tobacco production. The tobacco growers who are dissatisfied with the current payment threaten to stage protests at the offices of PTB. Their main frustrations are with the multinational corporation whom they claim to exploit the farmers, and policies set by the Pakistan Tobacco Board. The farmers feel that the board is not representing their issues well, thus no action is being taken by the government. Farmers across the globe need protection to be provided by their respective governments to give desirable results. The tobacco growers feel that they are not protected from the exploitation of multinational companies. They asked the government to solve the issue of tobacco growers so that the country can continue earning revenue from tobacco. This is because the government earns much revenue from tobacco, but if the problems of the farmers continued they would opt for another crop. They would most likely go for the crop that would not experience such exploitation. The tobacco growers were all concerned about the issue of poor payment because this is their only source of income. The families of tobacco growers all work on tobacco fields expecting to earn enough income for the entire family. They complained that whatever they earned from the farms was not enough to sustain the whole family, and meet all the requirements. Earlier negotiations with PBT did not yield any results; however, multinational companies had consultations with PBT whereby they fixed the price at Rs 117/Kg. The farmers do not accept this price because they claim it was reached at illegally (Shah 2012). The multinational companies in Pakistan that are involved in the production of tobacco have to assist in resolving the issue of tobacco prices for the growers. They have to consult three major players in the industry i.e., the farmer, PTB and the government. All these are interested parties in the price of tobacco in Pakistan. The manager of the multinational company should know the goal and concept of negotiation. The tobacco growers want the price of tobacco increased; therefore, the managers should ensure that there is mutual satisfaction of all parties concerned. The manager should understand that different cultures view issues differently thus they should be able to accommod
Measuring Team Performance Team performance is measured in a number of ways. These ways include evaluating team characteristics against a scale using a psychometric instrument to determine a team’s operational efficiency. On the other hand, team performance is measured by evaluating the quality of a team’s decision making skills and abilities that are not under the influenced of negative factors. In addition to that, performance measurements are either done on each team member or the team as a whole. It is important to note that team performance measurements are at times anchored on individual behavior of each team member that leads to a cohesive team and the ability for team members to works together as a team towards achieving a team’s goals and objectives. The quality of decision making is influenced by effective communication within a team and between team members, participation in the decision making process by team members, innovative ideas contributed by team members, accuracy of data used in decision making, and teamwork. It has been demonstrated that for a psychometric instrument to be effective as a performance measuring tool, questionnaires and inventories are critical variables in investigating teamwork and individual characteristic and roles played by team members. However, both methods highlighted above have their merits and demerits. One such inventory method highly accepted is the interlace method. Though other methods have been supported, it is clear that some of them have not been tested and evaluated to afford clarity on their reliability. One such method is the team-role-self-perception-inventory. A comparative study of BTRSPI referred to as Critical Thinking Appraisal beforehand method had enjoyed a degree of acceptability and popularity despite its weaknesses that were identified later on. These included vagueness of the method and inconsistencies and the inability to universally apply results on any other individuals. Principles of Team Measurement Some of the principles of team measurements include a sound theory about what should be and is evaluated, what one observes may not necessarily be what one really gets where team work is influenced by skills specifically identifiable in a team, another principle is that observations cannot be escaped from where evaluating and measuring team work can not solely be based on mere reports but has to undergo continuous development. The other tem measurement theory is based on the reliability of judges in terms of their inter-reliability and the degree of consistency of the reliability of the judges and their judgments. The other principle is based on the inventory of a team’s operational climate. These principles were the foundation of models such as West’s model of team performance principles. The latter principle is founded on the premise that rigorous validations and reliability checks can be applied in a range of settings. Team Decision Making T
Introduction In the film, Gone Baby Gone, various aspects of the community have been highlighted. Corruption and conspiracy are some of the negative aspects of the community that the film has used as one of its main themes. Corruption is the act of conducting a transaction or an action in a manner that is not consistent with the normal rules and regulations in order to achieve personal gains. Corruption has been present in the society for many centuries now. The process of corruption is characterised by individuals gaining their personal benefits at the expense of others. This paper will therefore critically analyze corruption by using the film, Gone Baby Gone as the basis for its arguments. It will analyse the nature of corruption and conspiracy and the involvement of public officials and other members of the public commit the act. Corruption in the Society In the film, Gone Baby Gone, detectives are working hard to solve the mystery of a lost child, Amanda. From the background check, the parents of the child are not financially stable. In addition, the mother of the child, Helene, is a drug addict. Due to her condition, one can easily conclude that she is not capable of taking good care of her daughter. On the other hand, her boyfriend, Ray, is involved in a lot of shady deals. He is believed to have stolen some money from a local drug lord, Cheese, a move that may have resulted to Amanda`s kidnapping. Amanda`s aunt is the one who reports the case and hires private detectives to solve the mystery. All through the movie, a number of kidnappings are reported, most of which end up unresolved. The main reason why these cases go unresolved is due to the high level of corruption that surrounds our societies. This vice has found its way into key organizations such as the justice and defence system. As a result, quite a good number of public officials such as the police, lawyers, judges, politicians and normal residents have become part and parcel of the vice. This has led to the organization and implementation of shady deals that involves public officials, gangs and normal residents. Due to the complexity of these organised crimes, it is almost impossible to solve these cases by individuals without a lot of influence. In New York for example, over 80, 000 cases of kidnappings are reported annually, most of which go unresolved. Most of these kidnappers ask for ransoms but the hostages are never recovered. In certain cases, only the bodies of the victims are found later on after a long investigation. This raises the following questions:  1. Why are these cases hard to solve?  2. What is the main objective of the kidnappers?  3. Why are the law enforcement officials reluctant to solve the case? The film, Gone Baby Gone came up with some of these answers. Towards the end, the private investigator managed to put up clues and discovered that the investigators and the chief detective of the case fabricated most of the evidence and leads that they were
Today, in the 21 st century, retailers all over the world are increasingly obtaining profit in return by delivering customer satisfaction through the adoption of many powerful technologies. Indeed, technology has substantially shifted the landscape of the retail industry, as more retailers adopt and implement technological solutions that accentuate mobility, efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability (Delgado 2012; Fiorito et al 2010). The present paper attempts to discuss how technology is utilized in the retail sector, how it has impacted the retail business and its customers, and the critical technologies found in the retail industry. Technology is utilized in the retail sector in numerous ways not only to achieve profitability and competitiveness for the organization, but also to generate value for customers and change the relationship with customers and other trading agencies (Ko & Kincade, 1997). Novel technologies such as Point-of-Sale (POS) systems can be utilized in the retail sector for efficient and effective transactions, proper accounting, “customer loyalty, CRM [Customer Relationship Management], PCI [Payment Card Industry] issues, back office transfers and receiving, time-keeping and scheduling, and task management”(Delgado, 2010 p. 10). Other technological solutions, such as the Retail Pro system and Microsoft Retail Management System, have been effectively used in retail to, among other things: minimize theft and human error; enhance efficiency and speed in the checkout process; provide extensive tracking of business transactions, discounts and products; avail up-to-date sales productivity statistics; facilitate inventory control and management; undertake purchase order management; and promote customer relationship management as well as payment processing solutions (Delgado, 2010) Furthermore, some technological solutions such as e-business can be utilized to integrate emerging communication technologies with business processes and management practices via the internet, resulting in overall transformation of the relationships that retailers have with their customers, suppliers and other business partners (Bordonaba-Juste et al., 2012). In discussing the impact of technology on retail business and its customers, extant literature demonstrates that “web technologies help firms to understand customer needs, to customize products, to adopt product-market solutions, and to take customers’ orders” (Bordonaba-Juste et al., 2012 p. 533). Retail businesses, in particular, are impacted by newer disruptive innovations such as e-business as they have to reorganize and restructure themselves continuously, with the view to integrating the technological solutions into their existing work processes to achieve profitability and competitiveness. Additionally, mobile payment programs have positively impacted the retail sector in terms of faster checkout times and the
Exegesis Facilitated adaptation has become a topic of quite heated debate in the 2000s when some attempts to help species adapt were implemented. One of the ethical issues associated with this activity is related to the extent to which people can modify nature. The author notes that the value of everything (including the concept of wilderness) is rather subjective. Therefore, preserving wilderness can be crucial for some groups, while others can put less value on it. At that, Palmer mentions that one of the major arguments against facilitated adaptation is that it can be regarded as a manifestation of humans’ domination (246). Some environmental ethicists stress that people (as any other species) affect ecosystems, but humans often intentionally try to influence nature, which is a way to show their dominance and superior status. When people deliberately modify something, the autonomy of nature is lost, and the dominance of humans becomes apparent (at least, to people). Anthropocentrism is often traced to people’s efforts to change the natural world. Many ethicists stress that this intrusion should be limited as this kind of manifestation of dominan
Introduction The chosen case is about Jared. He is an African American male who is 37 years old referred to counseling by his girlfriend, Sheila. Jared’s presenting problem is that he is short-tempered, on edge, shouts at his girlfriend, and loses his cool with his kids. His thoughts are filled with images of homes being burned, or people screaming with bloody injuries, or people in anguish over their loved ones’ dead bodies. His memories have impacted his daily functioning and interpersonal relationships because of the triggered feelings and thoughts, and he is worried that he may lose his mind. The addressed mental health issue of the client is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In order to overcome a list of negative consequences of the above-mentioned disorder, a specific intervention was chosen. Cognitive-behavioral therapy may be beneficial in PTSD cases. It is designed to change patterns of thinking and beliefs that are triggered by anxiety. PTSD treatment involves avoiding trauma-related thoughts that can include anger, sadness, fear, memories, and situations that can remind a survivor of the traumatic events (Williston et al., 2020). Therefore, mindfulness may be an effective practice, which may contribute to the achievement of the proposed goal. The primary research objective is to answer the following question. Is cognitive-behavioral therapy effective in approving PTSD in veterans? In order to achieve that goal, several search strategies are implemented. These strategies include searching with keywords and searching with subject headings. Article Summaries The first chosen article is The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. The mentioned article may provide general information regarding the scope of application of cognitive behavioral therapy to determine if it is suitable for PTSD cases. Moreover, it may provide valuable data related to the efficiency of the
Data Collection Plan To successfully measure the efficiency of the intervention, it is necessary to determine the information that is directly relevant to the identified goals and objectives. In this particular case, 30-day readmissions are one of the reliable indicators of the hospital’s discharge process’ success rate. Therefore, the information can be defined as data on the admission of the patients previously discharged from the hospital in question and admitted to the respective hospital with a complaint that corresponds to the condition stated as an initial health issue. The scope includes data on both planned and unplanned admissions and uses an inclusion criterion of the index admission as a baseline. However, it should be stressed that the principal diagnosis should not be used as one of the inclusion criteria since it is irrelevant in terms of the quality of the discharge process. In simple terms, the readmission contains risks for the patient and creates adverse effects for the healthcare provider with no regard for the cause of the event. Therefore, such an approach would allow for a stronger emphasis on patient-centered care and at the same time ensure an overall increase in quality of care within the hospital. Considering the nature of the identified information, it would be reasonable to choose medical records as the main source of data. Medical records contain relevant and definitive information that can be quantified and analyzed to produce highly reliable results. The data in question should be collected in three tiers. First, the inpatient data can be retrieved. This set includes the information on the diagnoses, dates of service, diagnosis-related groups, procedures with respective ICD codes, the information about the care provider, and the demographic information of the patients. Secon