ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Dumb Waiter , written by Harold Pinter, is an extraordinary mix of wit, dread, silence, and violent aggression. Pinter’s play has often been interpreted as one that interacts with the familiar and the unfamiliar (Stokes, 2009). The presence of silence is a trope employed in numerous works by modern dramatists like Samuel Beckett ( Waiting for Godot) , Anton Chekov ( The Three Sisters), Edward Albee (The Zoo Story) and Harold Pinter ( The Caretaker, The Birthday Party, and The Dumb Waiter) . Pinter is believed to be one of the most accomplished users of silence in his plays. He points out that “it is in the quiet places that characters are hidden and simultaneously exposed,” indicating a withdrawal from the “temporal, spatial, and social reality” (Kane, 1984). Silence has been employed in literature since the time of the Romantics, like Valery, Mallarme, and Baudelaire, in order to depict the mysterious being. However, the postmodern writers went ahead to demonstrate a profound distrust in life, thus, pointing at the absurdities of life where existence is in chaos. Albert Camus points out that the existence of the senile rests on man’s distrust of myths as he hears the silence that pervades the universe (Camus, 1961). The belief of the existentialists is that the secret to man’s existence is indecipherable (Camus, 1961). Pinter employs seemingly aimless colloquial dialogue to present the details of the characters and the plot. The use of substances of daily and habitual routine is employed to dramatize the continuity of the play. The infusion of uneasiness is escalated through long silences in the drama or through bombardment of words that shows the presence of the unknown within the known space of the characters (Kane, 1984). Silence becomes all-encompassing in demonstrating the void present in human interaction. Pinter exemplifies the existential view of the absurd and the non-existence in The Dumb Waiter in the same manner as that employed in Waiting for Godot by Beckett. In this paper, I posit that in the play The Dumb Waiter , Pinter creates an environment of terror and aggression through dominant use of silence, disjointed speech, and unreciprocated questions in a similar manner as that employed by Samuel Beckett in Godot . The Dumb Waiter is a play about two assassins, Gus and Ben, awaiting orders in a room resembling a basement dungeon. They are taken aback by the demands made by the orders from a dumb waiter. Gus is the more insecure and timid of the two who keep questioning Ben about the job they have to do. When the dumb waiter puts forth the impossible tasks in front of the two characters, Gus’s insecurity escalates. Hence, the forceful intrusion of the dumb waiter as the superior creates a situation of doubt in the play as silence escalates with Gus’s unanswered questions. Ben, the more taciturn of the two characters, is also unnerved by the abrupt intrusion of the dumb waiter but expresses his anxiety through silence, unlike Gus, who showers torrents of speech to express his nervousness. The influence of Samuel Beckett in the play
The beverage industry has several players that strive to out do each other in order to gain competitive advantage. This report will discuss both the business level strategy and the corporate level strategy of The Coca-Cola Company. This company has over 500 brands and has branches in over 200 countries. Some of the brands include coke zero, diet coke, sprite, powerade, coca-cola among others (Coca-Cola Journey, n.d.). It has remained operational for the last 126 years and controlled the beverage industry amidst competition from their competitors. Business-level strategies encompass the initiatives that organizations take towards giving quality products to their customers. Giving value to customers raises the level of customers’ satisfaction thus enabling a company to gain competitive advantage over its competitors in the dynamic and global market. Firms must identify their customers, understand their needs, and set how they intend to meet or satisfy these needs (Finlay, 2000). The Coca-Cola Company on its part has employed differentiation strategy that distinct them from other firms in the industry. This strategy involves using unique features on products instead of lowering the overall products prices. Their unique products have created value in themselves. Moreover, their products have non-price attributes hence do not attract a premium payment from customers. In ensuring that the consumers remain loyal and committed to continuing using their brands, the company applies distinctive marketing and sales promotion concepts. For instance, their dominance on the Digital Satellite Television (DStv) can attest to this unique style of marketing as they involve various consumers in the advertisements. Those who rely on modern technology will meet the advertisements on Facebook and Twitter. In addition, Coca Cola uses light bottles for packing their products. Customers tend to like unique and different shapes; light bottles enable consumers to purchase products at any time even when travelling. The launch of plastic bottles reveals this desire to meet the customers’ needs at all events. This innovative idea has made it difficult for competitors like the Pepsi Company to match the levels of this company. Additionally, the company has enticed consumers by introducing the Coca Cola Free Style machine that helps consumers to mix and prod
Social groups are a well organized association of individuals who comes up together on a common course. The composition of a social group is formed by a number of two or more individuals. In a group, there are various regulations that members need to adhere to for the ease of coexistence. These characteristics help in the transformation of the self. Individual behaviors are different when they live as separate social entities, but when they mix with other individuals, their behavior changes in order to accommodate the rest of the members. The following discussion will show how my engagement in a group affected by behaviors. The group I got engaged to, and changed my perspective of self, is a school. A school is a social group that is made up of students and teachers. The students’ main agenda in the association is to learn while the teachers’ agenda is to teach the students. In the school compound, there are various rules and regulations that both the students and the teachers must follow. These rules are meant to guide the composition of the school so that they can attain their desired goals. One of the transformation that I have undergone as an individual is discipline. The school rules and regulations have made me become a disciplined individual. There are various levels punishments that undisciplined individual faces from the school administration. The punishments are enforced in order to enhance the students’ participation in class. When students arrive at school late, they get disciplined by being given some tasks that include cleaning the windows. These tasks are carried out when the other students are going on with their studies. The idea that I will be doing a punishment when others are in class has forced me to wake up early and go to school. The idea of waking up early and preparing to go to school has influenced my behavior in a great way. Since the school closes on holidays and during the weekend, I still wake up early and help my parents with domestic jobs. I have found out that is beneficial to wake up early as I can do some work when it is still early in the day. The school has also influenced my behavior in terms of respecting the peers and parents. Before I joined the school, I had no respect for my siblings, parents, peers, and the rest of the society. At school, I have been taught to respect the teachers and students so that we can collaborate well at all times. If I fail to respect my teachers and the rest of the student, I may end up being excommunicated from the school. I have enjoyed the relationship that has existed between me and the teachers and students. When I respect them, they respect me back and, therefore, a good and comfortable coexistence is enhanced. When I need help from the teachers or the students, they usually assist me because I respect them. I too can help them when a need arises as we all pursue a common goal that is a success. The behavior change in terms of respect has not only worked better for me at school but also in the society. Respect is one of the virtues that the society looks at on an individual. It has been easy for me to cooperate with other members of the socie
Introduction Developed countries have dominated world politics, businesses and economy. Governance of global institutions such as the U.N, IMF and World Bank reflects this dominance. Most of these developed countries that control operations of key global institutions are in the west. These countries include the United States, France, Germany and Canada among others. Through these institutions, these countries have controlled the geopolitical system of the world. In addition, they control the pace of modernisation of the world. However, this has been changing, and there is a belief that there should be a change in world order. Fast-growing developing countries, like China and India, may seek more roles in control of international organisations. Main body The United Nations is one of the chief international organisations in the contemporary world. It facilitates cooperation in international matters such as law, security and economic progress. Further, the U.N seeks to ensure social progress, human rights and attainment of peace. It replaced the League of Nations in 1945 after the World War 2 ended. There are various subsidiaries of U.N. These subsidiaries perform the implementation of the missions U.N has. The General Assembly of the U.N is composed of 193 countries, with five countries as permanent members of the Security Council. The United Nations brings together member countries and ensures collective decision-making. Collective decision making by the member states aims to make the world a better place for all. Decisions made by the member countries involve various issues such as imposition of sanctions, development matters, and human rights issues among others. The U.N participates in activities of the civil society and organisations. Notably, the civil society makes a significant contribution to development, human rights and social progress at country level. The U.N provides a means for member countries to negotiate. This exhibits its dedication to member states. It assists countries to make negotiations that are critical in assisting them address challenges that they face. The decisions are also on business as it is an essential component in efforts to address global problems. The Office for Partnership enables collaborations that facilitate the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by member countries. Furthermore, U.N enables countries to address the expanding global problems collectively. Problems such as global warming and wars affect the whole world. Through the U.N, the member states can discuss these issues and come up with remedies. It seeks t
The author has made remarkable researches on urban growth and development which he considers vital for general growth. It is basically in the urban centers where major developmental decisions are made and implemented. Her viewpoint of urban revitalization is based on the number of new buildings that are being constructed together with other infrastructure. She also looks at it n a wider perspective of the relationship between the black and the white and how the different classes of groups are growing (Pattillo, 58). He considers urban development in a scenario whereby the standards of life for all people increase alike. Pattillo researched the neighborhood which is basically some of the governmental settlements. These were the areas that were occupied by settlers before they can acquire places that they can own. In carrying out the research, Pattillo based her research on the neighborhoods to find out the changes that were happening in the country. The neighborhoods signify the kind of life that the people have been living in and the changes that are taking place. It is generally a true reflection of what society is composed of. There is basically nobody who can claim the ownership of a neighborhood. It was the kind of life that people lived in these places that were the sole determinant of the developments that were taking place. Her research was also focusing on African Americans whose residence was mainly in the neighborhood. It would have been difficult for him to conclude his research without focusing on the neighborhoods. The aspect and section in this book on urban revitalization that inspired me the most The most inspiring section in the book about revitalization is the one that signifies how united the blacks were. Despite the kind of discrimination and other fears that they were exposed to on a daily basis, they did not forget that they were of the same descent. In all that they had to lose, they ensured that they still loved and cherished one another. The unity that was experienced among them was the main one that caused a threat to the whites. There was a lot of optimism among them despite the fact that they were undermined and generally looked down on (Pattillo, 65). The few that managed to climb the ladder of life did not forget the others; they would always encourage and empower them to know that no matter how long it may take, they will finally get there. The blacks were basically ferried into the land to serve as slaves, however as days went by and the tradition was abandoned, they had a choice of remaining in the land or tracing their routes and going back. There was nothing much that was credited upon them and despite freedom from slavery, the attitudes that the whites had towards them remained. With all these challenges around them, they purposed to fight and demand their rights. They knew it was not going to be an easy battle but all in all, their unity made them achieve a lot in terms of development. Gentrification The author has brought out the idea of gratification to not only signify the devel
Japanese Zen gardens also known as Japanese rock gardens or dry landscape gardens have been a significant part of the Japanese culture for at least ten decades. Their apparent simplicity is attractive to modern citizens who prefer both minimalism and naturalness in design. However, Japanese rock gardens are far more complicated than they seem to be and combine various philosophical approaches and concepts that will be reviewed in this paper. Nōtan and Mitate The concepts nōtan and mitate are not specifically connected to Japanese Zen gardens bur rather to all Japanese arts. However, they play an important role in the garden too. Nōtan reflects the combination of light and dark, the balance they create; here, both the light and the darkness are important as the means of creating or waking an emotion (Tonder and Vishwanath 3). Nōtan in a Zen garden is a metaphor for the never-ending change of night and day that are not separated in nature but perceived by humans as opposite definitions. Mitate is also used in graphics, as well as in architecture. It is a technique that allows attaching several meanings (sometimes in three or four layers) to an object (Maynard 35). For example, a foundation stone of a pillar can be used as a washstand; here, the washstand will have a history connected to another object that merges with its current use (Tonder and Vishwanath 3). Therefore, the rock is neither the foundation stone and nor a simple washstand – it is a new object. Wabi-Sabi The wabi-sabi concept is one of the key concepts in Japanese rock gardens. Although it is quite complicated and often not clear to Western people, it can be explained as admiring of changing, fragile beauty that represents the spiritual life (Purser 39). All things, no matter how old or ordinary they look, have this beauty. The Zen garden only reflects it with its geometry of gray, asymmetric rocks. Wabi-sabi encourages the viewer to celebrate everyday things. Garden as the Universe Reduced scale of the objects is a part of a garden’s philosophy, too. It is a miniature of natural landscapes: rocks as mountains, small springs as rivers, plants as trees. Nevertheless, it is not that simple. The garden is also a symbol for the universe – a small reflection of it. The garden’s symbolism was influenced by the Chinese philosophy of Tao (Taoism). According to it, several mythical islands in the world are covered with beautiful forests; people who live there do not know either age or death. One of the first proto-Zen gardens consisted of small rocky islands put in a pond. Thus, the garden is a miniature that reflects such tremendous concepts as the universe and the cosmic beings who live on remote islands. Stone Groupings To create a Japanese dry ga
Background Travelodge chain of hotels is among the notable success stories in the hospitality industry. From its humble beginnings in the United States, Travelodge has expanded to such other countries as Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and Spain (BBC par 3). It is important to note that the Travelodge brand is the same the world over. However, in the various countries in which the hotel chain has a presence, its operations are independent of the mother company and therefore, unique. Within the UK hospitality industry, Travelodge has a considerable market share and hence it is among the leading chain of hotels in the country. Travelodge UK boasts of approximately twenty thousand bedrooms, in effect meaning that the hotel is among those with the highest capacity in the sector. The services offered by Travelodge UK are at an affordable rate. This is with a view to encouraging an increasing number of individuals to travel and explore the UK. Because Travel lodge remains a market leader in the UK hospitality industry, the construction of a new container hotel facility is a clear demonstration of the commitment by the hotel’s management to providing customers with an improved quality of service. Travelodge Hotel Made From Shipping Containers. Source: Jeffries 2008. Event management is an activity that has been in operation for a long time now. The fact that we now have an increasing number of events being organized every other day is a clear testament of the extent to which event management as an activity has become entrenched into our culture (Allen and Bowdin 56). Some of the most common events that we are now more familiar with include games, festivals, concerts, meetings to political rallies. If at all the aforementioned events are to be properly executed, it is important to ensure that they are managed well. In this case, the hospitality industry plays very important role in the success of such events. To start with, those attending such event find accommodation in hotels and resorts. Accordingly, the all important role played by hotels in the activity of events management cannot be underplayed. The hotels also provide a platform for holding events. The success of any event is highly dependent on the planning process. In this case, the required resources in order to ensure that an event in question is held successfully, needs to be available prior to the commencement of such an event. In managing events, sponsorship is very important. It should be noted that managing events is an expensive undertaking, both in monetary terms, and tim
Plan of Investigation This paper seeks to investigate and compare leaders of countries that were “single party states” (Weinberg 23, par 2). Therefore Hitler who ruled Germany and Stalin who ruled Russia about the same time will be compared in terms of the leadership styles and the overall effects they had on their respective societies. Hitler led by Nazism which can be identified as a form of fascism while Stalin was a communist, however, their effects on their respective societies is significantly comparable (Bullock 3). It is important to note that both countries (the USSR and Germany) were single party states. Summary of evidence Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin “(1878-1953) was the General Secretary of the communist party of the Soviet Union’s central committee for 31 years since” 1922 to 1953. (Gellately 57) He won this elective position mainly due to the important role he played in the Soviet Revolution. Initially the post of General Secretary was not so powerful in the party; however, following the death Vladimir Lenin who had led the communist party from 1917, Stalin strengthened the opposition by eliminating opposition within the party (Bullock 4). During his semi retirement times, Lenin had written disparaging statements about Stalin. He was particularly against Stalin’s rise to power due to his behavior, which he described as being rude, ambitious and power hungry (Harrison 137). To strengthen his influence in the party Stalin formed an alliance with allies Zinoviev and Kamenev who were members of the central committee in the party. After the death of Lenin, Zinoviev and Kamenev began to disagree with Stalin, thereafter they found themselves isolated as Trotsky (Bullock 45). In the years that followed, Stalin gained a lot of power such that he begun to run the party as a one man show. In the 1930s he spearhead radical economic reforms that saw the Soviet Union take a U turn from the near capitalist state it was becoming (Kuper 134). His policies are thought to have been the main cause of the deadly famine that caused millions of deaths between 1932 and 1933. As time went by Stalin consolidate a lot of power, he orchestrated the expulsion of several members from the party, subjecting some of them to banishment and execution (Lewis 34). For instance, he executed Kirov because he was becoming more popular. Later in the same year Stalin passed a new law on “Terrorist organizations and terrorist acts” (Harrison 138, par. 2). After the passing of the law, multiple trials followed by torture, deportation or execution took place in Moscow and elsewhere in the USSR by operatives of the NKVD. Most of the original members of Lenin’s cabinet were executed during this purge. The NKVD detentions and executions grew to include all opposition groups, all foreigners and the peasant farmers who were seen as an outlawed class (Snyder 135). An