ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction I believe that academic integrity is one of the most important virtues that institutions of higher learning should practice. It is a requirement for institutions that are committed to truth and intellectualism. Academic integrity is defined as being responsible and honest when doing scholarly work (Umuc 4). I believe that students and academicians in general should adhere to rules of honesty in their scholarly work which implies that their scholarly work must be original. Any contribution that comes from another source other than the efforts of a student should be acknowledged in the right manner. Institutions of higher learning are important in provision of knowledge and skills hence there must be policies that guide academic integrity. I believe that academic integrity is enhanced by high quality measures that enable students to learn in a challenging environment. Body Societies rely on trust for their continuation and as their level of complexity increases, more trust becomes essential. For instance, when patients go to the hospital for treatment, they are not aware of the academic backgrounds of the doctors since they were not with them in their medical schools. The patients were not there to witness when the doctors were learning surgery and other medical procedures. What they do is only to trust that the doctors are well trained and equipped with the right knowledge to help them recover from their illnesses. They trust that the medical schools the doctors attended had policies that ensured that the students maintained academic integrity in their studies. I believe that this is a good example of how important academic integrity is in building trust in human societies. If there is no academic integrity, the patients would not trust the doctors to restore their health. I believe that academic integrity can be promoted and facilitated in institutions of higher learning. In these institutions, it is important to build trust by encouraging students to earn it rather than waiting for it to given to them. I believe that students should be well informed of what is required of them and the risks they face if they lack academic integrity. I believe that academic integrity is very important and should be encouraged because lack of it may lead to undesirable results. There are various academic issues that are perceived as lack of academic integrity. One of the academic issues perceived as lack of academic integrity is plagiarism. Plagiarism means copying the ideas and information of another person without properly acknowledging the source. I believe that plagiarism is a serious academic offence since it may lead to severe penalties. The first penalty that may arise from plagiarism is expulsion from the learning institution. Students who are accused of plagiarism are exposed to the risk of being expelled from the learning institutions (York University 5). I believe that expulsion is a severe punishment arising from lack of academic integrity and learners should avoid it at all cost. Professors may also be involved in pla
The epistemology of Thomas Hobbes is based on the sociology of knowledge, understanding the contexts of constructed reality and social contracts and boundaries which define his argument. However, examining the text, it can be argued that Hobbes was more of an intuitionist than a nominalist, affirming the existence of abstract concepts. Other literature suggests Hobbes was a nominalist, reducing the universal concept to definitions and terms which also depended on human will and perceptions. Nevertheless, Hobbes seems to distinguish his writings on the Law of Nature from realistic conditions, with the philosophy based on maxims of the knowledge of human nature and behavior that apply moral precepts on science as the knowledge of causes. In his article, Weber states “the nature of the relationship of scientific work and its presuppositions varies widely according to their structure” (Gerth and Mills 9). He goes on to argue that although certain sciences collect technical data on laws of cosmic events, it does inherently prove the existence of meaning or sense of such as world. Hobbes does not create an exact science around his laws of nature argument but builds a logical thesis based on the social and internal conditions of humans that present an explanation of particular forces, laws, or influences. However, his epistemology seeks to develop the ontology of the state of nature-based complex forms of social contracts and behaviors in mankind reduced to computational reasoning. Hobbes supported in his argument for the implementation of computational mechanisms for defining laws of nature and mental processes. Hobbes’ presentation of natural law is inherently considered positivistic as his work is often viewed as a forerunner to legal positivism. From a legal perspective, Hobbes argues that the skill of recognizing social rules as the law of nature is directly correlated to institutional law. Natural law creates reason and justification to build a realistic system of positive law, establishing an artificial and effe
Introduction The instructional plan in this paper is for adult learners in a multi-cultural classroom. Greef, Verte, and Segers (2015) reveal that an instructional plan enables teachers to visualize teaching processes and prepare effectively for lessons. This instructional plan is invaluable guidance for the effective teaching of a diverse group of adult learners. Boydell (2016) demonstrates that instructional plans enable teachers to stay on track and to achieve learning objectives. When lessons are planned, educational resources are effectively used to promote the acquisition of knowledge and skills by learners (Vanek, 2016). The instructional plan includes a description of the instructional environment and educational content. The objectives of the class and the characteristics of target learners are also highlighted in the instructional plan. Classroom conditions and learning strategies are also discussed. Environment and Content The learning will occur within organizational settings. The subject of the class is the use of new technology to promote teamwork in the workplace. The teaching will last for 5 days. The instruction will be aligned with human resource management objectives on the continuous learning and skill training of employees. Learners will gain new knowledge and skills related to the use of new technologies and collaborative tools to facilita
Introduction Volkswagen has remained one of the most respected and trusted automobile brands in the world. The corporation produces superior cars despite the existence of an ineffective culture that has led to numerous challenges (Elson, Ferrere, & Goossen, 2015). This discussion describes the major misfortunes and fortunes recorded by Volkswagen within the past few years. The bottlenecks emerging from its top-down corporate structure are analyzed. The paper concludes by proposing an effective structure that can make a difference for the company and increase profitability. Fortunes and Misfortunes Volkswagen has faced a number of misfortunes as well as fortunes within the past two years. The strained relationship between the CEO, Martin Winterkorn, and the chairman of the board revealed the managerial challenges affecting the corporation. It is evident that more workers are facing similar hurdles in their places of work (Elson et al., 2015). Volkswagen was associated with various scandals and Clean Air Act violations that forced its CEO to quit his job. The major fortunes include increased sales and profits due to the ability to innovate and produce high-quality products. After Martin Winterkorn left his position, the company’s stock prices have been increasing slowly. The company’s acquisition of various companies within the past few years has supported its objectives (Elson et al., 2015). These successes explain why new changes in management can promote performance and make Volkswagen successful. Current Organizational Structure Volkswagen is a multinational corporation characterized by a top-down organizational structure. This kind of corporate structure is implemented in such a way that decision-making is made by topmost leaders whose insights are acquired from a small number of competent advisers (Elson et al., 2015). Experts believe strongly that the utilization of this structure has disoriented the manner in which information is shared by different stakeholders. The level of control associated with the structure disorients various organizational functions. Elson et al. (2015) acknowledge that the executive structure has discouraged many employees from pursuing their personal objectives and those of the corporation. Workers who are not empowered find it hard to engage in innovative practices and promote initiatives that can drive performance. The workers do not present their complaints or suggestions to their respective supervisors, thereby affecting the efficiency of different teams. This scenario explains why it has become hard for different workers to prioritize the organization’s needs. Suggesting a New Organizational Structure Volkswagen’s corporate structure has catalyzed an ineffective working environment. This issue has led to numerous misfortunes. The workers lack motivation, support, guidance, and empowerment. This information should be utilized to develop a new corporate structure that is less formal and leaner (Robbins & Judge, 2013). A fluid leadership hierarchy will ensure every employee is empo
Introduction Television is currently one of the most popularly used modes of electronic form of communication. It entails the transmission of both sound and light, enabling visualization of the information being communicated. This technology has developed over time to currently offer both life and recorded transmissions. Television is currently used for purposes like information as relates to news broadcasting, entertainments ranging from sports to artistic production in dramas, movies and music to commercial use in advertising. Among popular advancements after invention is the development from black and white to colored televisions, from analogue to digital transmissions as well as the introduction of the 3D televisions. This paper seeks to discuss the advancements in television. This paper will discuss the advancement of television, the time period for the advancement invention and factors that led to the advancements. It will also discuss how the advancement affected art and how it has evolved over time as well as its effects over later times and its relation to humanities. Television Advancements Discovery of TV According to Greenlee (2010), in his book “ The man who invented television ”, television was invented by a Scottish national by the name John Logie Baird. The invention is attributed to Baird individually as opposed to a corporate discovery sponsored by an organization under a well established research. Baird was a man from a humble background but his own efforts saw him through self motivated learning process like learning foreign languages for instance he learnt French by himself. Greenlee (2010) claimed that this invention was made in the early 1920s. The invention by Baird could therefore be attributed to his curiosity and intent to learn that saw him transverse different fields including religion, linguistics and even medicine. The invention by Baird improved to a great extent the value in communication. No doubt, the art of comedy and other artistic forms especially those with emotional themes got a great boost from this discovery (Greenlee, 2010). According to TVhistory (n.d.), the first TV, a mechanical one used in America in the year 1927 involved both wire and radio circuits. The subsequent years saw continuous improvements in television sets production and transmissions that greatly improved the services in terms of picture clarity as well as advanced transmission modes. The improvements occurred simultaneously in different countries including the USA and a number of European nations (TV history, n.d.). Colored TVs One of the developments on TV was the introduction of colored television sets. The invention began as early as 1925 but the first authorized broadcast based on “RCA’s” inventions was done in December 1953. David Johnson in his article, “ Recent
Resource-based view (RBV) and positioning are the most popular approaches to strategy formation (Hooley et al, 2000). Their differences and peculiarities create a considerable ground to promote competitions and competitive advantages between organizations. The adoption of these models influences the organizational structure of the company, so it becomes important to discuss why different organizations like Coca-Cola or Apple give preferences to one of these methods. Overall, it is possible to argue that RBV and positioning are not mutually exclusive; they can be adopted simultaneously. Resource-based view of the strategy is grounded on the idea that competitive advantage can be acquired through the best utilization of the company`s assets or resources. The term resource is generic and can include such components as in-house of knowledge of technology, skilled workforce, brand name, and unique technological processes (Wernerfelt, 1984, p 172; Mosakowski, 1998). Such tactics has already proved its reliability, especially in automobile industry. Toyota and other Japanese corporations view RBV as the key principle for each business process. It should be noted that resource-based view of the strategy comprises such models as TQM and Six Sigma for improving the performance. Michael Porter maintains the firm can obtain long-term supremacy over its rivals by positioning itself as unique or distinguishable from other firms operating in the given market (Porter, 1996, p 61). This goal is attained by serving few needs of many customers as it is done by the producers of auto lubricants; by addressing the broad demands of a very limited audience, usually well-to-do clients; and by serving broad needs of a wide audience [1] (Porter, 1996, p 62). RBV and positioning are quite compatible with one another. They are successfully applied by various companies like Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft. Resource-based view is beneficial to that extent that it enables to minimize the operational costs, establish the most optimal workplace standards, and improve time-efficiency (Barney, 1991). One of the key points of this theory is a proper identification of key resources and effectiveness of the chosen resources. For example, Microsoft’s important key resources are process guidance and threat modeling tool. Process guidance is a part that promotes secure and worthwhile computing system, and threat-modeling tool makes the work of soft developers safer and allows to identify threats earlier than they may appear. These sources are represented by each part of the team individually, and this very step promotes the cre
Introduction A report released by Bloomberg revealed that 8 out of 10 businesses fail within one and half years after their creation. There are several lessons that business people and entrepreneurs can learn from the colossal amount of failure experienced in the creation of businesses. They can apply the insights they gain from the failures to improve their businesses and prevent them from crashing and failing. Studies have shown that successful companies have certain characteristics in common. These include great customer service, innovative products and services, competitive pricing, focus on customer needs, differentiation in the market, superior business models, and articulate communication of value propositions. Reason for Business Failure If I were to start a business, the main reasons why it would fail include poor planning, focus on profits rather than customers, and poor leadership. Many businesses fail because people do not create short-term and long-term plans (Finlab, 2012). It is important to plan and decide the milestones that should be achieved in the next few months and the next few years. The success of the business would depend on the complete understanding of customers about their tastes, likes, dislikes, and needs (Finlab, 2012). It would be important to provide products and services that meet the needs and demands of customers (Bovee & Thill, 2014). Otherwise, the business would fail because of providing products that customers do not need. The dreams, values, and goals of customers are critical in the creation and running of a successful business (Bovee & Thill, 2014). Effective leadership includes aspects such as employee and financial management, quality decisions, training and development, and timely problem-solving (Finlab, 2012). Business failure could be avoided by creating both short and long-term goals, creating business goals based on the needs of customers, and hiring a competent individual to run the business (Finlab, 2012). Source of Advice When Staring a Business Three sources of information when starting a business include the internet, print, and television. Technological advancement has turned the Internet into the vastest and reliable source f information. Several subscription services allow users to access databases that
Introduction In April 1985, father Paul Washington saw Mayor Wilson Goode in church one Sunday. “Have you had any dealings with MOVE recently?” the mayor asked Father Washington, “no I haven’t”, Father Washington replied. To avoid making the mistakes we made back in 1978, “I will have to proceed very cautiously and carefully”, Mayor Goode retorted. The mayor was referring to a long-drawn MOVE conflict back in 1978 that ended with a shoot-out resulting in the death of one policeman. (Hizkias Assefa) The purpose of this paper is to explore the Move Crisis in Philadelphia. The assault on MOVE’s Osage Avenue headquarters by police started on May 13, 1985, was the most critical. In 90 minutes, 10, 000 rounds of ammunition from machine guns, automatic weapons, and antitank guns were fired. Eventually, all the mayhem culminated in a bomb dropped from a helicopter resulting in a fireball that reduced to ashes five members of MOVE and six children. 250 people were left homeless, 110 houses got destroyed while 61 homes were left smoldering. (Hizkias Assefa) What kind of clash called for such kind of cruel retaliation? What made this conflict so unique compared to other group confrontations the police have had was the big question. What was MOVE? What mistakes was the city Mayor trying to avoid? Was there any correlation between the shoot-out in 1978 and the 1985 disproportionate response? Where there any other options the city could employ to resolve this conflict more amicably? Could this problem be solved with this kind of response, or could it resurface again? What fueled this conflict with a lot at stake each time? What can we learn from this clash and how best to handle similar ones in the future? (Hizkias Assefa) Brief History about the Conflict In Philadelphia, a radical, activist, counterculture organization was formed called MOVE, short for “The Movement”. The organization’s philosophical leader, as well as the founder, was John Africa whose real name was Vincent Leaphart. In the Powelton Village section of West Philadelphia, John Africa did carpentry work for a community housing cooperative. He was given a small house in the area in return for his services though he didn’t live there, instead kept his dogs in it according to a former MOVE member and niece. He had a trail of dogs behind him everywhere he went until people nicknamed him the Dog Man. So determined to protect all life, he never believed in feeding dogs out of a can. The money he made from taking care of rich people’s pets, he bought fresh meat for his dogs. Never having any need for technology, he used candles in his house; neither did he care about cars, clothes, or money. He gave away any money he got. (Hizkias Assefa) A consistent, kind, and the sensitive person is the description that was accorded to John Africa. His love, exercise, strategies, diet, and everything else he did were consistent. He was unchanged always, did physical work, and was very strong with a deep powerful voice. Everyone was drawn to his best as he always made bad seem good. “He was the first man I have met who lives in complete harmony with what
Introduction In hypoglycemic conditions, the BG is less than 70mg/dl mostly caused by high insulin intake, less food, or prolonged activity. In the case study, Doughlas shows hypoglycemic symptoms: confusion, headaches, dizziness, shakiness, and sweatiness (British National Formulary). Hypoglycemia affects insulin-treated diabetic patients (Garg, & Hirsch, 2010, p. 10) or patients under insulin secretagogue therapy (Agabegi, & Agabegi, 2008, p.156). Doughlas is under insulin treatment; HumaloxMix and takes hypertensive drugs; nocte: perindophil. Usually, a timing mismatch in insulin and caloric intake causes hypoglycemia. In this regard, the essay covers the hypotheses, supporting rationales, questions, and assessments relative to the case study. Collecting Data In the case study, the patient, Doughlas Adams, is 51years old, weighs 70 Kgs, and 196 cm tall. Doughlas has Diabetes type 1 and hypertension. He takes Humalox Mix 25:26 units and hypertension for which he takes nocte perindophil: 4mg tablets every morning. He also takes Aspirin: 100mg daily as a painkiller (Cooke, & Plotnick, 2008, p.134) and is allergic to penicillin. He does not take alcohol but smokes and lives all by himself. Presently, he is admitted showing symptoms of confusion with Glasgow index of 14/15, which represents minor brain injury. On diagnosis, he was found to have an average HR of 82 bpm, a significantly high blood pressure of 110/87 mmHg, an RR of 18 and a body temperature of 36.8. He is due for an ACT test later to monitor his heparin anticoagulant therapy (Seligman et al., 2010, p. 1227) and currently he is under QID BSL with the first one, 5.2mmol/L, administered before breakfast. He is also under 4/24 neuro obs medication. Doughlas shows signs of poor health: paleness, confusion, and slurred speech. On diagnosis, his HR was found to have risen to 88 bpm, BP was 105/80mmHg, RR-18, and temperature dropped to 36.5 o C. Hypotheses with Rationales From the data collected, the following hypotheses can be identified with regard to the patient’s hypoglycemic episodes. First, altered nutrition during scheduled insulin therapy may cause hypoglycemia. Usually, out of concern of hypoglycemia, prandial insulin is administered only when the pre-meal glucose is high (Unger, 2011, p. 253). In the case study, the patient’s blood glucose must have been high before he received his main medications prior to breakfast. Consequently, he showed symptoms of hypoglycemia; increased HR of 88 bpm, reduced BP of 105/80mmHg, and a slight drop in temperature at 36.5. He also became sweaty and shaky, appeared confused, and had a slurred speech. Second, the paleness, anxiety, hand tremor and sweating could be the result of allergic reaction to the Humalogmix 25 medication. The patient exhibited adrenergic symptoms, which are indicative of a rapidly changing blood glucose levels or allergies (Koroscil, Kagzi, Zacharias, 2007, p. 228). The third hypothesis that can be drawn from the patient data is that, the unawareness and confusion could be the result of low glucose levels in the blood. In the hypoglycem