ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Literature Review of Feedback and Productivity in Non-Profit Organisations Despite the common view of the positive impact of feedback on the employees’ and managers’ productivity, the amount of scholarly research to confirm this position is quite limited. Moreover, some of the studies show controversial results, such as Kluger and DeNisi’s 1996 meta-analysis. There is still, however, several significant theoretical works that outline the positive impact of feedback on the organization’s performance, as well as those that hint at the possible uses of feedback measures in non-profit organizations. One of the first books to provide a structured view of the use of customer feedback to enhance organizational performance is A Complaint is a Gift: Using Customer Feedback as a Strategic Tool by Janelle Barlow and Claus Møller (1996). When viewed in comparison with other works of the time, the book provides a relatively view on the customers’ complaints. For instance, Barlow and Møller (1996) argue that complaining customers are the most loyal ones: they are more likely to repurchase and to promote the organization to their friends and family if their complaint is addressed positively (p. 41). Hence, the authors recommend giving the customers more opportunities to complain, for instance, by creating customer satisfaction forms, noting that it is important to address not just the existing customers, but also those who used to be a regular customer or those who were dissatisfied with their purchase or service (p. 29). The same year, a rather critical review and analysis article was released by Kluger and DeNisi (1996). The authors of the article introduce the notion of feedback interventions, or FI, as a tool for managing the organizational performance, and provide a historical review and meta-analysis of the evidence for its efficiency and failure. For instance, they write: “A meta-analysis (607 effect sizes; 23,663 observations) suggests that FIs improved performance on average (d =.41) but that over 1/3 of the FIs decreased performance” (Kluger & DeNisi, 1996, p. 254). Through the meta-analysis of previous work on the subject, Kluger and DeNisi provide evidence that the effectiveness of the intervention largely depends on where the attention lies in the hierarchy: thus, the feedback should be directed at the tasks fulfilled rather than at an employee overall. This finding is useful as it could help to create more task-focused feedback forms to ensure their efficiency of the intervention. Another review by Alvero, Bucklin, and Austin (2001) aimed to identify the applications and characteristics of performance feedback. The authors agree that feedback does not uniformly enhance performance (Alvero et al., 2001, p. 4). However, they also state that the consistency of feedback and hence its usefulness largely depend on the source of feedback, and the feedback o
Introduction In any situation, it is important to make a consideration for implementing the best ethical practices (Desjardins, 2006). This is according to various scholars who have made contributions to the study and discussed ethical issues. However, these literatures have been too general as no ethical theory was discussed in depth and its relevant applicable situation defined. This essay will focus on the application of the Kantian ethics in water privatisation. Kantian Perspective on Water Privatisation The act of privatization cannot be considered ethical as it will deprive people of their fundamental right. Water privatisation has been the latest development in the international water industry. According to the extant literature, this is a response to the experience of the global water crisis. Schorr (2006) argues that water privatisation will encourage provision of water accessibility and efficiency to the poor. This is the core reason why in the latest development certain states have been championing the idea of water privatisation. In ethical consideration, this argument conforms to the theory of utilitarianism. The theory suggests that action that brings maximum happiness to all concerned parties is considered to be morally right. Kantian theory discredits this idea as having no ethical justification. It is a general knowledge that the reason why the governments are in control of water is to ensure accountability in its distribution. Accountability in the management of water will be bound to disappearance if water is privatised. Using Kantian ethics, these arguments tend to deviate from the norms of ethics in a business environment (Romano, 2012). Water is very important because it implies the right to life, health, and food. If water is privatised then this right will be put at the benevolence of the private sector. This implies that these fundamental rights of human beings will be put in the hands that are not constrained by accountability. From Kant’s perspective, this move does not put humanity into consideration. As Kant puts it, good behaviour is one that respects humanity. Based on this principle, the act of privatisation of water cannot be justified as being ethical. Water is essential to life and should be made available to all. Cocq & McDonald (2010 p. 18) argue that privatisation of water means that the government will not be involved directly in any action and or decision made concerning water as a resource. This act may be beneficial to some business organizations, but at the same time, it intends to impact negatively on the consumers. This behaviour can be justified when applying consequentialist theories of egoism and utilitarianism, which rely on the outcome (Wade, 2012). However, arguing from the Kantian perspective which implies that action is morally right if its principles can be applied to all rational beings in a consistent way, the behaviour loses its ethical justification. In this case, there is the tendency to exploit in the selling of water, and the positions are to
Overview In the aftermath of the recent global financial crisis, several arguments have been brought forward regarding which is better between high and low inflation rates. From the onset, high inflation rates erode the purchasing power or capability of consumers and at the same time result in economic instability for governments, institutions, and individuals (Taylor, 2008, p. 11). On the other hand, proponents of elevated inflation rates argue that in conditions of low inflation, financial institutions like banks find it hard to adjust to changes that occur abruptly. The argument goes on that with elevated inflation rates, there is always a chance to cut down on interest rates as compared to instances when the inflation rates are low and interest rates need to be downsized (Hilsenrath, 2010, p. 1). There is also another argument for high inflation in the sense that debtors to financial institutions will in turn raise their incomes and thus find it easier to clear their loans. However, a critical look at these arguments shows that low inflation rates augur well with humanity than otherwise. Analysis Unrelenting high inflation rates place the economic stability of nations, institutions, and indeed individuals on a knife-edge. Purchasing ability is reduced with high inflation, leading to increased costs of living for the ordinary citizen. Consequences of elevated levels of inflation do not normally get equally felt across the financial system. This means that there is a group of people who are shielded from the impact while others have to come face-to-face with it (Taylor, 2008, p. 11). For in
It is evident that inequality is prevalent throughout the world today. The types of these inequalities are numerous and they in the United States as well as in other parts of the world (World Bank 2). Different global agencies collect crucial information related to inequality and after analysis; they are used to measure the gap between the inequalities. Inequalities exist between industrialized and less industrialized countries. This is reflected in terms of incomes, healthcare services, and so on. The other inequality is in cities around the world which are thought to be well of yet there are incidences of inequality. Furthermore, there is notable inequality in rural areas of most developing countries. Gender inequality is also very prevalent in the world today despite efforts made in the 1970s by feminists to reduce (World Bank 25). Works cited World Bank. World development indicators 2008. Author: 1-25.
Introduction The patient under the question is a white female, aged 52, with abdominal pain and nausea. Diverticulitis is the patient’s medical diagnosis; moreover, the past health history includes diabetic hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The glucose level is elevated. Besides, the patient is symptomatic which enables me to insist on diet teaching for the patient. The patient expresses absolute readiness to learn appropriate materials and follow the prescribed diet. Though the disease is commonly undiagnosed and the most obvious symptom is abdominal pain, it is possible to treat the patient by the results of computer tomography or CT scans that are very accurate in detecting diverticulitis. Assessment of the Learner The patient was interested in teaching and eager to follow the high fiber diet including carbohydrate control aimed at decreasing her diabetic symptoms. As it is reasonable to learn more about the condition of the organism, this can be done in every age with various diagnoses. Though the patient under consideration is aged 52, she seemed to be very interested in gaining more knowledge on certain steps that can be taken to reduce abdominal pain via taking to relevant diet. This diet was targeted at decreasing the level of glucose and lessening her diverticulitis symptoms. The patient’s readiness for learning as well as psychological and sociocultural factors can be considered beneficial for the outcomes of this teaching module. Objectives Compliance is one of the major factors influencing the outcome objectives of patient teaching. The patient and the family were expected to realize the major benefits of the patient’s health from following the medical advice. In this respect, the process objective included the following points:   * Develop patient’s understanding of the nature of her disease;   * Develop the family’s understanding of benefits of the patient teaching modules;   * Make sure the patient expresses desire and readiness to acquire knowledge on the issue under consideration (her disease, symptoms, glucose level);   * Achieve an understanding of the presented information by the patient. The major outcome objectives included the following points:   * Reduce the glucose level;   * Achieve the patient’s following the prescribed diet and other measures coordinated with the patient and her family. Outline of Lesson Plan The first lesson includes visual aids, a description of her diagnosis, and an explanation of major benefits from this teaching process. The primary objectives introduced to the patient included some information on her diagnosis, major results from taking to a diet, and the necessity of sharing information. In this respect, the patient was informed about the importance of providing her nursing professionals with feedback on her knowledge and her condition. Thus, the lesson consisted of some information provided by the nurse; the next step concerned the information proces
Introduction Psychologists have established that parenting has significant influence on the proper growth and development of children. Therefore, the type of parenting style applied has certain effects on child growth as well as the type and quality of parent-child relationship (Cherry par. 1). Developmental psychologists have found out that in certain cases, the type of parenting style used can affect the mood and temperament of children in adolescence and adulthood. The outcome of any parenting approach is primarily determined by what parents feel and believe their children need from them. Authoritarian and permissive styles are parenting approaches that are commonly used and that have varied effects on children because they approach the concepts of discipline, warmth, nurturance, and communication differently (Cherry par. 3). Moreover, they involve the embracement of different attitudes regarding child-parent relationships. Authoritarian versus permissive parenting Authoritarian parenting involves the creation of strict rules that children are expected to follow without any opposition (Mgbemere and Telles par. 5). In case children object or decline to follow rules, they are disciplined for disobedience. In contrast, permissive parenting has very few demands, and as a result, allows children to be themselves and practice their creativity and imagination with regard to controlling their actions and behaviors (Joseph and John 17). Unlike authoritarian parents, permissive parents do not create any rules for their children to follow. An important area of contrast between the two styles is the varying levels of maturity and control expected from children. In authoritarian parenting, there are high expectations of control and maturity from children. Parents expect the rules they create to be followed without exception or objection (Cherry par. 5). Children are punished for failing to follow rules because they are expected to exhibit high levels of maturity and control. In contrast, permissive parents have relatively low expectations with regard to maturity and control. They believe that children are immature, and therefore, expecting them to behave maturely is unrealistic. In that regard, they allow children to regulate themselves and determine their actions and behaviors. Permissive parents are more responsive to their children than they are demanding while authoritarian parents are more demanding than they are responsive (Williams et al. 1063). Authoritarian parenting is more concerned with strict observance of the rules they create than guiding children and correcting them when they make mistakes (Mgbemere and Telles par. 7). In addition, it is strict and traditional. On the contrary, permissive parenting is lenient because of the belief that the immaturity exhibited by children is a critical component of learning. Therefore, children should be given freedom to be themselves, make mistakes, and learn. Both styles differ
Introduction The issues related to labor law are rather common for the UAE for a number of reasons. First of all, work-related problems may arise in the case of conflicts of interest (for instance, if relatives are employed within the same department). The tensions that arise between the workers may be connected to some factors, and numerous companies nowadays are hardly hiring a team of individuals whose interpersonal relations are not affected by their personal relations. The problem with hiring relatives is rather common for the UAE, and it has its upsides and downsides. The Article 58 of the UAE Labor Law claims that employment of relatives is a rather arguable decision due to the fact that one of those relatives will commonly have the possibility to leave or to be promoted on the basis of the outcomes of the conflict (United Arab Emirates Ministry of Human Resources & Emiratization, 2016). Case Study An Indian employee of Alpha Paint in Dubai was fired due to his inappropriate conduct in social networks (Ali & Saseendran, 2017). The ex-pat identified as B.B. in the social networks sent abusive messages to an Indian journalist based in Delhi. The journalist exposed the posts trying to draw the public attention to the issue. Social network users were shocked and condemned the abuser. When Alpha Paint’s management learned about the incident, B.B. was sacked with the corresponding compensation. The termination of the employment was carried out in accordance with the UAE Labor Law. First, the company provided the corresponding compensation under Article 115 (Title Seven) of Federal Law No. 8 of 1980 (here also referred to as the Law) (United Arab Emirates Ministry of Human Resources & Emiratization, 2016). The termination of the employment is carried out under Article 113 of the Law. It is also necessary to note that the company could sack the employee under Article 120 that stipulates that the employee can be fired if they make an error associated with considerable losses and the employee can be sacked if they are convicted of a crime of public ethics by the competent court. In the former cases, the losses were reputational, but they could become financial losses soon. Although the case was not brought to the court, the abuser is likely to be convicted as the Emirati laws concerning female abuse are quite strict. This conviction could be a premise for firing the employee without any compensation. This case shows that Emirati companies can react in case their employees display unethical behavior. The Law also safeguards the rights of the empl
Introduction The Volleyball Australia organization hosted the World Championship qualification tournament and made a record of gaining a second round performance. It also provided a Beach Volleyball tour that entailed five in-house events. Changes were made with regard to the branding of the Australian Juniors, Australian Volleyball League, and Australian Volleyball School Cup. Unfortunately, nothing is known about the training changes and motivation factors that could have accounted for the great change in performance. The recent accomplishments, in addition to the one experienced in the World Championship tournament, were a win in the World League group 2 and the women’s indoor team moved from 100+ to 46 position in the world ranking. Background Initially, the Volleyball Australia was known as the Australian Volleyball Federation. It was established in the year 1963. The Australian Volleyball Federation is the peak body that oversees the administration of the volleyball sport in Australia. The establishment and daily running of the AVF aims to:   * Oversee that the volleyball sports take place successfully.   * Liaise with various member states or other organizations to support the volleyball sports members and the sport itself by enabling the conduct, encouragement, promotion and administration of the sport.   * Ensure that the quality and reputation of the volleyball federation are maintained and enhanced.   * Ensure a healthy relationship that is characterized by mutual trust and confidence between the Federation and the members.   * Represent the members and the volleyball sport.   * Ensure that the federation and each Member state maintain a solid economic base, and that autonomy is exercised and respected. The Australian Volleyball Federation is made up of registered members from eight member states. It is run by a board which appoints various individuals for the administrative and operational high profile positions, for example, the chief executive manager and other functional managers, as represented in the figure below (Volleyball Australia 2015). The Australian Volleyball Federation. The organization consists of various volleyball activities for males and females at senior and junior levels. Volleyball activities entail both indoor and beach volleyball games. The year 2013/2014 was one year of great significance, and Volleyball Australia experienced a great momentum of success. It forms a base from where continued success can be experienced. Critical Operational Area One The organization has been grappling with a major financial setback that began in the year 2007/2008. However, the changes in appointment have been associated with a turn of events to the extent that a surplus of $39, 387 was realized in comparison with last year’s loss of $244, 595 (Volleyball
I’m Fine is a short film by Benjamin Erhart, which carries an important message about teen suicide in a uniquely educational and realistic manner. The main focus of the film is on a young teen who suffers from depression and low self-esteem – both issues prominent among contemporary youths. The main character named Harper uses a journal to express her emotions; she writes about how she hates life and wishes for it to end. The film utilizes the techniques of limited narration and parallels to highlight its central message, which is that it is a good thing for young people to speak up and ask for help when they are struggling. The use of limited narration makes the audience wonder what is happening to Harper until the content of her journal is revealed. The girl’s diary acts as a reflection of her mind, and it allows people to look beyond her words. The girl drops it on the way out of the class, and her classmate James picks it up and begins to read it. From James’ viewpoint, the viewers understand that Harper’s family is going through a difficult period. In her journal, she writes phrases like “My parents don’t care about me” (“I’m Fine”). It becomes evident that Harper’s mother left her and her father, and instead of supporting Harper, her dad rejects her, saying, “This is all your fault” (“I’m Fine”). As James continues reading the journal, the audience gains more and more insight into Harper’s life. Having seen her true feelings and emotions, both James and the audience understand why she is acting detached and stressed during classes. Harper feels lost, hopeless, and abandoned, and these feelings are translated to the audience through James’ point of view. James experiences each event with Harper, as if he was there, which helps to evoke empathy in the audience and makes viewers worry about her life. As the boy skips to the final part of the journal, he finds the words “I give up,” written in capital letters at the end (“I’m Fine”). James realizes that Harper is about to commit suicide and rushes to the window to see where she is headed. Seeing as Harper gets into her car, James follows her to a bridge and catches her before she jumps from it. He holds her close, and Harper resists for the moment before hugging him back. James’s motives become apparent when he tells Harper, “I’m not losing my sister again” (“I’m Fine”). Harper looks at him questioningly before a chain of flashbacks begins. The flashbacks shown in the film are similar to Harper’s scenes, thus creating a parallel of the two stories. The flashbacks focus on the events leading up to James’s sister’s suicide. The audience sees her cutting herself, drinking, and being visibly stressed despite telling everyone that she is fine. From this parallel, it becomes evident that for every life saved, there is at least one life lost. James takes Harper to his sister’s grave, saying that his biggest regret was not talking to her, and H