ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Digital media is digitized content such as graphics, text, video and audio that can be transmitted over the internet and the computer networks. It is also a kind of electronic media in which data is stored and transmitted in digital form contrary to the usual analog form. The conversion and processing of the information in a digital media occurs in a digital format. There are several examples of digital media, but this paper is only going to analyze the digital television as a form of digital media (Jordan 15). Digital Television (DTV) Digital television is the transmission of video and audio in multiplexed signal, which is digitally processed as opposed to the analog data of the channeled separated signals of a non digital television. It signifies the adaptation and implementation of a diversified number of broadcasting standards, which include the advanced television system committee (ATSC), the digital video broadcasting terrestrial (DVB-T), the terrestrial integrated services digital broadcasting (ISDB-T) and the digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB) (Kruger and Guerrero 31). The advanced television system committee system uses the 8 level vestigial sideband for broadcasting terrestrial while the digital video broadcasting terrestrial system utilizes the coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation and also supports the hierarchical transmission. The United States and some other few counties are the only ones that have adopted the advanced television system committee (ATSC). The digital video broadcasting terrestrial has to a large extent been adopted by most countries in Europe. On the other hand, the terrestrial integrated services digital broadcasting has a design that offers good reception to not only receivers that are fixed but also to the mobile or portable receivers. This system utilizes the two dimensional interleaving and the OFDM. The hierarchical transmission supports up to three layers besides using the advanced audio coding and the MPEG-2 video. Japan is the only country that has notably adopted this standard. Meanwhile, the digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting utilizes the time domain synchronous (TDS)-OFDM technology that makes use of a pseudo random signal frame that serves as the training symbol OFDM block’s gaurd interval. The DTMB standard has been adopted in the People’s Republic of China, Macau and Hong Kong. The broadcast television systems are supported by the digital television, which is displayed using a combination aspect of ratio and size. The digital terrestrial television broadcasting divides the format ranges into the standard definition television (SDTV) and the high definition television (HDTV). The high definition television transmits the high definition video and can be transmitted over DTV in either the 1280*720 pixels using the pro
Economy in Gloucestershire. Individuals in power. Neoliberalism policies The main location in the movie is Sandford, Gloucestershire. It is a small town, and the economy there is held by a group of people who are involved in a secret society. Neoliberalism is a range of trade and industry strategies, which have grown into a widespread phenomenon in the course of the last quarter of a century or so. According to the study book used in class, the market has to control itself and should not be adjusted by the government protocols. Despite the fact that the term is seldom used in the worldwide economy, one has an opportunity to perceive the impacts of neo-liberalism throughout the world evidently. Neoliberalism is a tactic in economic and social readings, where the regulations of economic issues are removed from the community segment to the secluded segment. Basing upon the philosophies of neoclassical money matters, neoliberalism implies that administrations decrease discrepancy expenses, limit subventions, alter tax regulations in order to expand the tariff area, eliminate secure exchange charges, expose the advertises to commerce by restraining isolationism, denationalize government-run industries, permit private assets and back deregulation. In the movie ‘Hot Fuzz,’ the economy is running itself, it is absolutely independent of the governmental regulations, as the Neighborhood Watch Alliance has the total control over the economy and the population of the town. According to the movie, the secret assembly of people is trying to bring the common good to a new level. As a result, they started to subjugate the economy to themselves, following the principles of neoliberalism. Without a doubt, the concept of neoliberalism is exaggerated in the movie, as the secret assembly of the residents, Neighborhood Watch Alliance, starts to kill people, who may, in some way, affect the well-being of the town. Simon Pegg’s and Nick Frost’s relationship development process Danny Butterman, the character of Nick Frost, is a policeman who came into the force because of his father; as a result, he is quite immature, does not care about his job, and lives his days without any concerns. Nicholas Angel, a character of Simon Pegg, is a high-accomplishing associate of the Metropolitan Police Service; he received the apposition of a Sergeant that he always dreamt about. However, the position came with being transported to the township of Sandford, Gloucestershire, for performing too thriving in his profession while creating a bad image for his coworkers by contrast because of his skills. In the middle of the movie, Nicholas begins to pick up how to be societal with the help of Danny, whom he disliked at the beginning. Moreover, he tries to comprehend relations with others more utterly than his occupation; however, he doesn’t fairly completely understand how to implement that wish. With the help of Danny, who admired Nicholas for being an extraordinary police officer and forces himself to communicate with Angel, the character of Simon Pegg began to discover what true friendship and joy in his profess
Introduction Decision making could be defined as the act of committing resources today for results to be gained tomorrow. Decision making, therefore, involves making predictions about the future and therefore it is subject to various uncertainties. Conditions of certainty are very rare because it is not easy to predict the outcome of the decisions that are made in our everyday life. Prediction of the future outcome of an act, though uncertain, is made possible by the experience that one has concerning similar acts or similar decisions. Mostly, the concept of probability is very useful in predicting what the outcome of a decision will be. The concept of probability, in this case, uses the assumption that the extent to which an outcome was likely to occur or occurred in the past can recur in the future. Probability takes into account the frequency of occurrence of an event in the past and the likelihood of the same happening today. In this research, we shall consider a practical example in order to demonstrate the concept of decision making under a situation of uncertainty. A practical example of decision making under uncertainty Consider the following situation of decision making under uncertainty. Each of the conditions of uncertainty offers three differently distributed outcomes. Suppose a boy wishes to visit her grandmother where he is expecting three things to happen. He is either paid a trip to Bermuda, gets $1000 or is bought a modern motorbike. Let A and B denote the two uncertainty alternatives representing January and December which are the only months the boy can be available to visit the grandmother. The three benefits of visiting the grandmother are the possible outcomes of paying the visit in January or December. The boy is wishing to choose the benefit that will best satisfy him. The likelihood of the three events happening differs depending on the alternative that is chosen. In this case, we can use the available data to determine the best of the three alternatives. The probability of getting the benefits under each situation of uncertainty is as shown in the table below.    Bermuda  $1000  Motorbike A  0.4      0.3    0.3       B  0.1      0.6    0.3        To determine the best of the uncertain alternatives A and B, we determine the aggregate utilities of the two alternatives based on the utilities of individual outcomes and choose the one with the highest alternative. Suppose we assign values to the three outcomes as a 1, a 2 and a 3 to represent a trip to Bermuda, $1000 and a modern motorbike respectively. To get the utility of individual outcomes, we multiply the assigned values by their respective probabilities (Scholz, 1983, 28). To obtain the total utilities of the two uncertain outcomes, we sum up the expected utilities of the individual outcomes. This is denoted as follows: U (A) = 0.4 a 1 + 0.3 a 2 + 0.3 a 3 and U (B) = 0.1 a 1 + 0.6 a 2 + 0.3 a 3 . This means that the higher of the U (A) and U (B) will be the m
The authors Sai Zeng, Chun Tam, and Vivian Tam are familiar with the safety and management issues faced by construction firms. They pointed out that in this day and age there is a need not only for said firms to comply with occupational and safety management principles (OHS) but also those that can be found under the ISO 14001 for environment management as well as the ISO 9001 which is about quality management. From the vantage point of investors and other stakeholders it is imperative to satisfy the requirements of these three management systems. This calls for integration, streamlining the Deming’s Cycle – plan, do, act, check – so that managers will only have to look at one integrated system and not three. Research Problem The authors are also familiar with the complexity and difficulty of the task at hand. Occupational safety is very much different from environmental management and quality management systems. The goal of OHS is to create a safe environment so that staff and construction workers can work without having to worry about objects falling on their head or get electrocuted by a live wire left unattended somewhere. However, ISO 14001 is biased towards the protection of the environment and while there are many constraints as a result of the merger of these two systems, the addition of ISO 9001 further complicates the task for the managers. The proponents of this study had to develop a workable integrated system that seamlessly incorporates the best of all three. Research Procedures The authors decided that the best way to achieve their goal of creating an integrated management system (“ IMS ”) is to use Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (“ FMEA ”) as a basis and backbone for their proposed IMS. This simply means that they intend to build a system that will help predict potential problem areas and the cause and effect on system performance. Mathematically speaking this is illustrated using the formula RPN = O x S x D; wherein RPN means risk priority number and this can be derived by determining the occurrence (O), severity (S) and detection (D) ratings of a particular event. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of their version of IMS, they used a case study that used FMEA as a risk management tool to anticipate problems relating to OHS, environment and quality management. The said IMS was used to improve the working conditions in an industrial building construction project located in the Jingqiao Development Zone of Shanghai. The case study was started with the identification of potential risks in each stage of the construction process. Flaws in the Procedural Design The scope of the study was limited on what the managers already expected to happen to the construction project based on previous experiences. This was not revealed explicitly in the report but one has to wonder how the proponents of the study were able to pinpoint risk categories especially when it comes to occurrence. One possible explanation is that in the e
Introduction One of the worthwhile activities in which we as human beings can engage in is the protection of our environment. To take up this noble cause for our environment’s sake, many individual activists and organizations have engaged themselves in various activities all aimed at the protection of the environment. Canada in particular boasts of a significant number of activists. Some of these activists are motivated by the peculiar dangers that face Canada as a result of her wild forests and the dangers that can occur due to oil spillages on Canada’s Coast lines as was demonstrated in the Exxon Valdez tragedy of 1985 which resulted in irreversible damages to Alaska. This paper will review one organization which has been vocal and instrumental in calls for the protection of Canadian’s environment. Name of Organization The name of the organization is ForestEthics and it is a nonprofit organization which is based in Canada as well as the United States. The organization is prominent in championing environmental awareness especially by large industries and it is acclaimed to be one of British Colombia’s top five environmental groups (Berkmoes & Lee 57). According to the organizations official website, ForestEthics.ca, the main purpose of the organization is to protect Endangered Forests, habitats, the ocean and so by extension preserve human well-being. The organization also sets out to sensitize the general population on the role that they can play in ensuring that the environment is protected. Brief History of the Organization ForestEthics was founded in 2000 and one of its chief motivation was to campaign for environmental leadership among industries. The organization has its bases in the United States and Canada and it continues to have huge membership in this two countries. Tzeporah Berman is the group’s cofounder and has been instrumental in its projects since the organizations conception. Leiren-Young acknowledges that Berman has always been on the front line of the environmental movement and that she is regarded as the pioneer to the collaborative approach that ForestEthics is known for as it negotiates with industries so as to turn otherwise destructive industries into allies as it fights for the environment (110). One of ForestEthic’s significant successes in the recent past was in their lobbying of Victoria’s Secret, the world’s leading catalogue manufacturer, to stop using old growth paper for their catalogues production (Leiren-Yong 110). The organization argued that this practice was harmful to the ecosystem since the forest reserves were being depleted at a high rate. This campaign was a success fo
Michelle is at a free clinic and is uninsured. Who will pay for the testing that you recommend like CBC, IgE, and spirometry? CBC and spirometry are the only tests prescribed by me for Michelle me as mandatory. The first test is not prohibitively expensive, and the patient should be able to afford it if she can pay for the medications. Spirometry costs considerably more, but as it is scheduled to happen 2 or 3 months from now, Michelle should be able to save enough money given sufficient warning. As such, I believe she can pay for the testing if necessary. However, a situation where the patient cannot afford the procedure is possible, and alternatives should be explored. It is likely that an organization that helps less affluent people without insurance is nearby and can assist Michelle. What do the guidelines recommend for further testing when a diagnosis of asthma has been made based on patient symptoms and PFTs? The result of a PFT may not be conclusive, and so it is necessary to consider other possible diagnoses. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2007) recommends additional studies, bronchoprovocation, a chest x-ray, allergy testing, and biomarkers of inflammation, to identify or rule out other potential conditions. The guideline by Global initiatives for asthma (2017) shows similar suggestions, but limits the options to bronchial provocation, allergy, and exhaled nitric oxide tests, suggesting that spirometry with a reversibility test that supports the asthma diagnosis is sufficient to begin treatment. Williams, Schmidt, Redd, and Storms (2003) indicate that the patient should be referred to a specialist if the diagnosis is uncertain or if the condition may be influenced by occupational exposures, which is the case in the present scenario. Ultimately, however, the scope of the question restricts it to suggesting the array of tests provided above, with preference given to the newer guideline. Given Michelle’s history of allergic rhinitis, what do the GINA guidelines (Global Initiative for Asthma) support as a therapeutic option(s)? Allergic rhinitis suggests a need to use slightly different medicinal options than usual. The Global initiatives for asthma (2017) guideline note that leukotriene receptor antagonists may be appropriate for Michelle, though they are less effective than ICS in the general scenario. Furthermore, Global initiatives for asthma (2017) propose the use of sublingual immunotherapy if the patient is
Introduction The article “Sanctification: the Work of the Holy Spirit and Scripture” by William D. Barrick enlightens the problem of a believer’s sanctifying and the principal constituents of this process. Trying to analyze the issue, the author covers several relevant aspects such as the notion of holiness, the main agents of sanctification, and the role of the church. Brief Summary The article reveals the concept of sanctification and the relevant aspects. Barrick begins his analysis with a definition of the sanctification notion drawing the parallel with the issue of holiness. He provides a brief introduction into its key linguistic and semantic implications. The author assumes that the proper understanding of the term itself is an essential condition for realizing one’s holy intentions. 1 In order to prevent the potential ambiguity in the concept’s interpretation, Barrick provides several references to biblical examples that illustrate the God’s holiness expression. The core part of the article is devoted to the description of the agents, – the Spirit, the Scriptures, the saint, – that, according to Barrick, gather together for the sake of sanctifying the believer. 2 The author points out that, whereas the first two agents are unquestioned, the role of the saint is not utterly clear. On the one hand, it is evident that a believer cannot sanctify himself; on the other hand, it is he who is empowered to follow a holy path. Therefore, the author distinguishes two types of sanctification: initial and progressive, whereas the latter actually implies the work performed by the believer. Barrick also shares his insights about the rules the true believers are supposed to follow. Thus, he suggests that pure Christ’s people are to be fully devoted to their God, leaving no aspect of life for themselves. 3 The final part of the article is devoted to the authors’ speculation upon the role of the church in the process of sanctification. Barrick supplies his readers with several biblical examples that emphasize the church’s contribution in the holiness’s cultivation. 4 Critical Interaction The article under discussion represents a good example of a profound biblical analysis. In this paper, Barrick has touched upon one of the most significant issues in the theological science. The question of sanctification has been widely discussed by theologists all over the world. One should point out, that Barrick’s interpretation of the relevant concept coincides with the classic religious approach, based on the biblical texts’ studies. 5 One of the major advantages of Barrick’s paper is its logical structure and the strong argumentative base. Thus, the author begins with stating the unified definition of the term he is going to discuss and only then he passes to references to the biblical sources. However, while the core part of the article is reasonably organized, the final passages might seem too subjective and excessively pathetic
The original United States Constitution, often cited as the foundation of the US democracy, was created in 1787 by the country’s founding fathers. While its admirers holds a perception that the Constitution is a virtually perfect charter, its critics have over the years sounded an alarm that some of the provisions in the Constitution are undemocratic, and therefore end up enhancing unjust and ineffective governance structures (Levinson 13). However, the middle ground is that the original Constitution consisted of a hybrid of democratic and undemocratic principles that gave rise to functional and dysfunctional rules and procedures. Although the Constitution was not exclusively envisaged in a void, its creators had very few examples to refer from in attempting to institute a democratic form of government (Dahl 15). It is the purpose of this essay to critically evaluate the ways through which the US original Constitution was both democratic and undemocratic. Its functionality will also be evaluated. The Framers of the original Constitution of the US can be credited for creating a republic rather than a democracy. Although the two concepts are perceived as synonymous, “a republic is a political unit governed by a charter, while a democracy is a government whose prevailing force is that of the majority” (Dubroff para. 1). In a republic, the charter is supreme as the official source of power, while the rule of the majority controls official power in a democracy. Also, a democratic nation is more aligned with the fundamental standard of ‘one man one vote,’ while in a republic, power is vested in the representatives, who in turn are responsible to the people (Dahl 7). According to Dahl, the Framers of the original Constitution crafted a representative democracy for the reason that they dreaded direct democracy, seen as a threat to the property rights of influential land owners. It is therefore safe to assert that protective theories of democracy were used by the Framers during the creation of the original Constitution. In the protective model, the elected representatives are offered the mandate to speak for their constituents, condemning citizens to a rather passive role concerning how government affairs are run (Held 47). There are many instances of democratic elements in the original Constitution. However, their effectiveness is camouflaged by the many instances of undemocratic principles and practices in the same Constitution. On the democratic elements, the original Constitution made provisions for the separation of powers into three branches – executive, legislative, and judicial. Powers to make all laws governing the country, control budgetary allocations, declare war and ratify treaties were vested in the Legislative arm of government, also known as the Congress. The executive arm, also known as the presidency, was granted the powers to preserve, protect and safeguard the US Constitution; faithfully execute the laws governing the land; implement the instructions made by Congress, veto laws that may