ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
“One-Pot Method”: A Recipe for Meth One-pot synthesis is a tool for enhancing a chemical reaction that implies a sequence of multi-step reactions occurring in the same environment (Hayashi, 2016). Also known as the cascade reactions, one-pot synthesis presupposes that the necessary steps are carried out in a specific sequence one immediately after another. Meth: Negative Effects on the Human Body Short-term As a rule, after a short period of consuming meth, one is likely to experience a change in blood pressure (an increase in the pressure rates is typically the signal of the health problems). The rise in the heart rate can also be viewed as one of the primary effects that CM has on the addict’s body in the first few weeks of the drug abuse. In case the drug addict uses excessively large doses of CM, they are likely to experience seizures and are even exposed to the threat of death because of an overdose. Long-term However, apart from the short-term effects, long-term changes to the human body are in store for the drug addict unless the problem is addressed in a timely and efficient manner. First, the alterations in the blood pressure and the heart rate mentioned above trigger an inevitable damage to the brain and the heart. To be more accurate, the blood vessels that are clogged and overloaded due to the increased pressure cause the vascular system to collapse; heart attacks are typically observed at the identified stage of the addiction development. Furthermore, in case CM is inhaled through the nasal cavity, the destruction thereof is expected in the long-term perspective. The nose tissues decay, therefore, leading to permanent damage. In case the substance is inhaled through the mouth, lung obstruction is expected in most cases. Decay of tooth is also to be listed among the most common long-term health issues that the consumption of CM triggers. Likewise, malnutrition and the resulting rapid weight loss are to be expected. Finally, severe damage to the brain tissue needs to be brought up among the most crucial effects that the use of CM has on the body of a drug addict. The changes to the brain tissue, in their turn, affect the rest of the systems of the body on some levels, causing one to experience psychological problems (e.g., depression, psychosis, etc.), as well as developmental disorders (Alzheimer’s disease is typically listed among the primary effects of a long-term consumption of CM). Bath Salts and BZP and Law Enforcement: Difficulties Although the idea of using bath salts might seem comparatively innocent, it entails an array of threats to one’s wellbeing. At present, bath salts, also known as plant food and consisting of synthetic cathinone, are used widely in a range of states and are not prohibited legally. Furthermore, the substance can be bought on the internet easily. Synthetic cathinones (SC), however, are also known for being sold under the name of ecstasy. It should be borne in mind, though, that the powdere
Introduction Billy Collins reflects on his writing process from the standpoint of his writing hand in the poem “Budapest.” He pictures it as an independent entity that is only concerned with moving across paper, as though in search of food. The hand only wants to keep existing and write more, representing the author’s creative drive. Meanwhile, the poet himself observes it and lets his imagination wander, creating places where he has never been. It is implied that the two trains of ideas are not connected, and the hand’s thoughts are not the same as those of the head. The poem illustrates Billy’s creative process as something that takes place automatically, even though he may be distracted. First Stanza The poem begins by establishing the analogy between the poet’s hand and an animal. The pen and the arm are included in the description, hence the mention of the snout and the clothing. The opening reads: “My pen moves along the page / like the snout of a strange animal / shaped like a human arm / and dressed in the sleeve of a loose green sweater.” The choice of dress implies that Billy is in a relaxed home setting, where he can set up a comfortable atmosphere before beginning work on his poetry. He lets his imagination wander, and the abstraction of seeing the pen as the snout of an animal is a possible result of this state. Second Stanza The next line continues the analogy, expanding on it and moving further away from the subject of writing and poetry. The poet tries to find reasons why this odd animal would be sniffing around on his tabletop. The result is “I watch it sniffing the paper ceaselessly, / intent as any forager that has nothing / on its mind but the grubs and insects / that will allow it to live another day.” While these lines may be seen as a direct analogy to how animals must continuously search for food to survive in the wild, they also represent the poet’s creative drive. He is moved to write by instinct, and even if he is not thinking of anything, in particular, the pen records his state of mind. Third Stanza The view is reinforced in the third stanza where the poet elaborates on the desires and goals of his arm. Indeed, it sees writing as its duty and wants to continue doing so in the future. As such, the lines read “It wants only to
Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze internal opportunities and threats, external strengths and weakness, vision statement and mission statement of Tesco Corporation, example of achieved mission, and recommendation of strategies to develop the organization in future. Background of Tesco Corporation Tesco Plc. is the giant of global glossary chain shop operating in fourteen countries and considered as the third largest player in terms of revenue generation. The company originated in UK in 1919 as small grosser and now turned into FTSE 100 Company listed in the LSE annual revenue of £ 60.93 billion and£ 2.67 billion Net income accounted in 2011. Tesco possesses 2,715 outlets in UK occupying Total area 3,411,586 sq meter space while the company has diversified its business in telecommunication, banking, ICT, club card, beauty salon film producing gold trading and many more sectors with successful record of accomplishment. The company has 2,665 stores with 70,718,000 sq. meter floor space worldwide excluding the total number of UK stores, while the numbers of outlets have been increasing with a remarkable rate of expansion. Tesco’s expansion strategy, strong organisational structure, and core business concept those are the facts that provided the competitive advantages that no other competitors can bid. There are a number of complain about the Tesco’s corporate governance, tax manipulation and corporate social responsibility including workplace environment in third world factories but above all Tesco turned in to a power of the UK society that may not be depress the business environment. However, the following table gives more information about the company – List                    Some Key Features About the Company                                                                                                                                                                                          Stores                  Tesco has about 4,331 Stores all over the world and among them 2,306 stores in the national market, 571 stores in Thailand, and 319 stores in Poland to offer wide range of products and services to the target customers    Employees               Tesco has more than 472000 employees all over the world and it is going to recruit more staff to operate the business more smoothly                                                                                          Tesco Personal Finance  It is a combination of the Banking and Insurance service that started operation initially only in UK and in 2003, Tesco decided to buy the 50% share of Royal Bank of Scotland of £950 million to own the total share of TPF                         It is
Introduction The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, killed more than 3000 people and brought down the World Trade Center Towers. The after-effects of this action have proven to be far more extensive than the initial strike but these negative consequences have not been perpetrated by foreign terrorist organizations but rather by the U.S. government. President Bush initiated his ‘War on Terror following the 9/11 attacks which became the catchphrase to justify reducing or eliminating many individual liberties guaranteed by the Constitution and engaging in a war against a sovereign country that had no hand in the 9/11 events. The war has cost nearly 4000 American lives to date and many hundreds of thousands of innocent Iraqi lives. Legislation passed disguised as a method to fight terrorism has infringed on civil liberties and caused unneeded hardships for many citizens and friendly foreigners alike. With the help of the Bush administration, the terrorists continue to win. The illegal war in Iraq has caused terrorist attacks to increase as well as the loss of many thousands of Iraqi and Allied lives and as a consequence has cost the U.S. dearly as far as international respect is concerned. Additionally, this ‘war’ has monetary costs reaching into the hundreds of billions of dollars which has crippled the U.S. economy and will continue to for many years in the future. It has caused the U.S. national debt to skyrocket to more than eight trillion dollars at present, which will have to be paid instead of spending federal revenues on healthcare, welfare programs, education, defense systems, etc. The U.S. military is crippled as well, both literally and conceptually. It could not respond to a crisis of any size which potentially could result in a disastrous situation (Anderson et al, 2003). PATRIOT Act A close examination of the PATRIOT Act confirms that those that champion civil liberties as such are justifiably alarmed. It was quickly accepted by Congress just a month and a half following the September 11 attacks. Pressure to pass anti-terrorism legislation prevailed over the need to understand what the 342-page document entailed and the Act became federal law in October of 2001. Provisions of the Act violate the Constitution and tear down the freedoms for which true patriots have fought and died. The Act, as many citizens and legal experts alike, have argued, violates the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution’s first ten amendments, the Bill of Rights. This includes the freedom of speech and assembly (First Amendment); the freedom from unreasonable search and seizure (Fourth Amendment); the right to due process of law (Fifth Amendment); the right to a speedy, public, and fair trial along with the right to counsel and to confront the accuser, (Sixth Amen
Many smartphone users choose text messaging applications as a primary source of communication, and more than billion of these people use WhatsApp (Marzilli & Harris 2017). While it seems that every application has the same set of functions, the appeal of WhatsApp is not incidental. The reasons why WhatsApp became widely used go beyond the functionality and the free-of-charge basis of the app, as they also include the factors of user’s location and level of intimacy. A number of reasons can explain the growth of WhatsApp. First of all, WhatsApp is a free application that is simple to navigate, and that does not require the user to pay additional charges. To use WhatsApp, the clients need to pay only for the Internet access. This system differs significantly from the one used by the predecessor of applications – SMS. Sending an SMS text required a person to pay for every message, which limited the ability to text for many users. Now, by using WhatsApp and other messaging applications people can send an unlimited number of texts, while they have access to the Internet. Secondly, multiple studies show that users choose WhatsApp to connect with their friends. According to O’Hara et al. (2014), many WhatsApp clients use the application to talk to the people they know on a more intimate basis. Some users explain that the tone that WhatsApp creates does not require the conversation to have a definite start or finish, keeping the dialog informal (O’Hara et al. 2014). A study by Karapanos, Teixeira, and Gouveia (2016) revealed that users prefer WhatsApp to Facebook and other messengers when they want to communicate with a distant friend on an everyday basis. After combining these two research results, it is safe to assume that WhatsApp clients use this application frequently to sustain already existing relationships, thus attracting more and more users to the application. People are more likely to have the same messenger application to talk to one another, spreading the popularity of the application through their circle of friends. There are more factors that caused the growth of WhatsApp. However, the reasons described above seem to separate the application from the others. The users are attracted to the ability to send unlimited texts for free, but the main reason they decide to download the applic
The Cultural Revolution in China, which was a massive political crisis, formed the country’s political foundation. Notably, widespread violent rebel attacks on government institutions and Chinese communist party (CCP) structures characterized the Cultural Revolution. Mainly, Chinese people used Cultural Revolution to express their historical and social based problems (Wu 18). Specifically, Cultural Revolution meant to deter the penetration of bourgeois ideas and elements into revolutionary ranks. Primarily, Cultural Revolution magnified small conflicts into large clashes regarding identities, polarized political factions, and programs (Wu 20). This essay paper presents a summary of Wu Yiching’s views on Chinese Mao’s Era in the article “Enemies from the Past: Bureaucracy, Class, and Mao’s Continuous Revolution”. In particular, the article reviews the assumption of the Chinese leadership by revolutionaries, the formation of cadre classes, the classification of Chinese people, and the entry of former leaders (KMT) into the communist leadership ranks. When Revolutionaries Became Rulers After the formation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, CCP encountered numerous challenges such as aligning radical social transformations with socialist objectives, strengthening the nation’s position in the interstate system, and meeting the primary needs of the disadvantaged population (Wu 23). Mainly, prolonged wars compelled CCP to use authoritarian and severe forms of rule to increase political repression, tighten information control, and strengthen the one-party system. Notably, the new communist state relied on a
The film A Day without a Mexican directed by Sergio Arau and released in 2004 represents a satiric view of the state California without the Mexican population in it, touching upon rather serious philosophical and anthropological issues of relationships of various ethnical groups in a multi-national society. The development of the plot lines of the movie which shows the chaos in the community after one ethnical group as one of its integral elements has disappeared can be explained with the theoretical principles of structural functionalism. The structural functionalism is a broad anthropological view on the society as a set of interrelated components. The elements of the society include customs, traditions, norms and beliefs as well as institutions and social groups. Herbert Spencer as one of the proponents of this approach compared the whole society to a human body and its elements to the organs of this body which are interconnected and disease and especially amputation of one of them will have a significant impact on the state of the whole organism. The main goal of the author of the scenario was to show the changes in citizens’ attitude towards Mexicans after they disappeared. The disappearance of the 13 million of Mexicans, including both immigrants and US citizens, divided the plot into two parts: before and after disappearance. The first episodes of the film show the disrespectful attitude of Americans to Latinos. The senator does not want a Mexican woman to work as a nanny at his house, being afraid of his reputation. When a Mexican man saves life of an American boy, killing a serpent, the boy’s father does not want even to express his gratitude even realizing that his child’s life was at stake, the man refuses to say thanks in Mexican. Though the author’s idea of disappearance of the whole ethnic group sounds unrealistic, this approach was effective for contrasting the people’s relations before and after Mexicans disappeared and returned to California for developing the ideas of structural functionalism theories. Showing the changes and chaos in the society after the mysterious disappearance of people, the author points at the significant role which Mexicans play in the community. It is important that despite the widely spread misconceptions, not all the disappeared Mexicans were serving men or worked on physical labor jobs. Among the Mexican characters there was a singer, TV reporters
Lakshmi Mittal is a billionaire who resides in Britain and is one of the world’s top richest men. He comes from Rajasthan district in India where he was born in 1950.He attended St, Xavier’s college where in 1969 he was awarded a Bachelor of commerce degree in business and accounting options. He lived with his extended family but later his family moved to Calcutta where his father was doing business (Sharada and Nagendra 101). The career of Mittal began in1976, in Calcutta India where he joined in the family’s steelmaking business. His father got into a partnership in a steel firm which became a huge success. The family later began its own steel industry and Mittal decided to expand it internationally. He began his mission in Indonesia where he bought and renovated a run-down plant. He turned the company into a success by reducing production and management costs, closing down units that were not efficient and sourcing outside markets for the products. His expansion strategy would later take him to Mexico, Poland, Romania, Algeria and the Soviet Union (Sharada and Nagendra 101). Sometime latter Mittal to
Erin Merryn had reached her seventh birthday when a neighbor stole her innocence (Blad, 2014). When she was thirteen years old, a family member raped and molested her. All her abusers had threatened to kill her if she spoke about it. Merryn transformed her silence into a childhood diary. She later turned the childhood diary into a book, “Stolen Innocence”, at her high school senior (Blad, 2014). Erin’s case resulted in the creation of Erin’s Law, which sought to get sexual abuse prevention education in schools in all 50 states as well as stopping sex offenders from silencing their victims. Similar to Erin’s Law, Megan’s Law has witnessed an improvement and development of new criminal sanctions such as sex offender registries, residential restrictions, electronic surveillance, and community notification. The paper will examine the significance of Erin’s Law and Megan’s Law. Erin’s Law calls for sexual abuse education approach in preventing juvenile sex abuse. The Law proposes approaches that involve providing students with information, preparing the skills, demonstrating skills and giving feedback (Barron & Topping, 2010). Sexual education programs provides approaches such as group activities, books, videos, and puppet shows to schoolchildren. Preventive efforts using sexual abuse education programs involves the provision of information to a small number of children for some days. Several different case situations that involve bad touch and good touch by strangers as well as the known people are exposed to children (Kenny, 2010). Most of the children sexual abuse prevention programs executed at the elementary level have some assessment. The majority of the evaluation procedures use a pretest and a posttest to assess student’s understanding of children sexual abuse. While sex predators have been exposed to Erin’s exceptional law, the increased cognizance triggered by the Wetterling Act demanded the registration of sexual offender with their local agencies within all the 50 states (Sample & Kadleck, 2008). Similar to Erin’s case, the Megan’s Law of 1996 was passed after the rape and murder of Megan Hanks. The Megan’s law saw the sex offender registries made accessible to the public through community notification and the internet with the local agencies providing the offender’s information
Susan Glaspell’s play “Trifles” dates back to 1916. The play was written in a period of great strife in both social and literary fronts. Glaspell’s play is based on real life events that she witnessed when working as a reporter. The play is based on the playwright’s observations as opposed to real life events. “Trifles” features a scarce character pool of main characters. There are three women and three men in the play. All the characters in this play a vital role to the play’s development. Some of Glaspell’s characters in this play are flat while the others are more rounded. This essay explores the roundness or flatness of the characters in “Trifles” and their conformity to stereotypes. The main difference between flat and round characters is that flat characters do not change as much as round characters do. Rounded characters seem more interesting because they develop in the course of the story. Round characters are also more believable because their complexity resonates with the audience. On the other hand, flat characters remain static in the course of the play. In “Trifles”, the women characters are rounded as opposed to the men characters who are more flat. Glaspell uses a unique methodology of character development in her one-act play. The main conflict in the play is the murder of John Wright. Although the murder is not solved in the course of the play, some characters are able to develop. The men characters are obviously flat characters. Mr. Hale and the sheriff are both middle-aged men who come to Mr. Wright’s house to investigate his murder. Mr. Hale is a neighbor to the Wright family. His character does not undergo any major changes or transformations. Hale only provides information to the audience. We learn about details of the murder from Hale. All of Hale’s statements are static from the beginning to the end. The sheriff’s character does not provide much input to the story. The only thing we know is that the sheriff is here on official duty. Most of his dialogue is used to reveal what is happening on the stage. Both the sheriff and Mr. Hale are not interesting characters and their input to the play’s plot is negligible. The county attorney George Henderson came to Mr. Wright’s house in his capacity as an investigator. It is also probable that his job will also include prosecuting Mrs. Wright in case she is tried for her husband’s murder. He is portrayed as a young professional who looks down upon women. His initial feeling is that Mrs. Wright is guilty for the murder of her husband and she should be char