Introduction Theories of teaching and learning are mainly the steps taken in the process of educating children. Below are examples of theories of teaching and learning: Bio-ecological theory This theory is mainly characterized by change in a child’s development which is influenced by the relationship in the external factors. Bronfenbrenners developed this theory associating a child’s development to its environment; the name of the theory was later changed to bio-ecological theory because he believed a child’s own biology is the primary environment that influences the child’s development. Interaction between a child and its environment is different depending on how close they are and this can be discussed under the following subtopics; microsystem – the is the closest layer to the child mainly the parents who influence the development of the child (Berk & Winsler 1995). Those close to the child also includes the family, church, school and neighbors, they can either bring the child closer or make the child move further away (Bronfenbrenner 1990). Exosytem – this includes the larger social systems where the child is not involved directly but through those who are close to him but contributes to his development.. Macro-system and chrono-system-macro-system is the outermost developmental tool which comprises of beliefs, customs and law while chrono-system is mainly the time dimension of things as it relates to a child’s environment. Intellectual development theory Intellectual theory is basically a theory of knowledge that states that people get knowledge and meaning of things from interactions between their experiences and ideas. In the past intellectual theory was not valued they viewed knowledge as us use of common sense for example people in the traditional set up did not see the value of children playing however Jean Piaget did not agree with the traditional view as he saw play as an important and necessary part of the student’s cognitive development. He argued that knowledge is found from experience through the process of accommodation and assimilation (Woodfolk & Margetts 2007). Constructivist theories are influential and students are expected to learn main ideas on their own through discovery learning. Teachers at this stage need to be innovative and creative; they should arrange the classrooms in a manner that will make students able to think beyond the literacy focus for example making use of the available technology like introduction of the interactive whiteboard with pictures and numbers (Leiteberg 1976). Psychosocial theory “ The psychosocial development theory by Erickson explains eight stages under which a child develops from childhood through to be an adult. The first stage in the theory is the infant stage from birth to one year. This is the stage where the child depends on the parents fully right from dressing, food, and comfort. Parents are expected to expose the child to warmth, reliable, and dependable affection, hence making the child secure, also he is visited by friends and relatives in this stage. Childhood, 2 to 4 years – this is the stage where the child begins to explore their surroundings. During this particular stage, parents are encouraged to be on the watch out especially in t