ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Lawrence Wright’s book The Looming Tower Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 is aimed at examining at the origins of Al-Qaeda, the development of this terrorist organization, and the main events that preceded the September 11 attacks. To a great extent, this text can show why intelligence agencies failed to avert this threat. This text can also illustrate the inefficiencies of many law-enforcement organizations. The readers can understand the underlying causes of their inability to respond to potential risks as quickly as possible. Moreover, the examples offered by the writer can show what kind of roles that intelligence agencies should play, especially in the world in which globalization becomes more and more important. Overall, this book contains many examples which are important for describing the work of intelligence agencies. However, this work can throw light on the individual narratives of people who were involved in these events. Much attention should be paid to such people as John O’Neill or Ali Soufan. These narratives can have an indelible impression on the readers who may want to learn more about the underlying causes of the September 11 attacks. These are the main aspects that can be identified. The failure to prevent the September 11 attacks The central question which the author explores is the failure of various governmental organizations to recognize the threat and avert the attack which took a great number of lives. One of the main problems that the writer identifies is the lack of cooperation between agencies that could possess information about the activities of Al-Qaeda or its supporters. It should be kept in mind that the people, who perpetrated this attack, did not go completely unnoticed by the intelligence officers. In particular, they knew that in 2000, some members of Al-Qaeda had a meeting in Malaysia (Wright, 2007, p. 310). Moreover, two of these people, named Hazmi and Mihdhar later went to the United States (Wright, 2007, p. 312). In their turn, CIA officers failed to inform FBI about the arrival of these people in to the country. The main tragedy is that Hazmi and Mihdhar were the terrorists who were directly involved in the September 11 attacks. There were several factors that contributed to this fateful error. It is important to speak about the conflicts between such agencies as FBI and CIA. The senior officers were unwilling to share information with one another because these organizations had slightly different roles and priorities. For instance, CIA
Speech and language disorders can significantly impact people of all ages. These conditions especially affect children and adolescents, raising obstacles for studying and preparing for college or work. However, treatment of these conditions on a school basis is often inaccessible due to the strict criteria of assessment. To receive a more customized approach, individuals can refer to a smaller office with a number of specialists that provide specialized services. For example, parents may bring their children to a small medical center, called Through the Barrier, that is located in Baltimore, Maryland, and whose treatment practices include speech-language pathology and occupational therapy. Name, Mission, Vision, Objective, and Purpose of the Center The name of the center, Through the Barrier, is not accidental. This name refers to a set expression “breaking the language barrier.” This phrase has a meaning of having enough knowledge and self-confidence to speak without fear. It can apply to foreigners that learn another language, but it can also relate to people, who do not possess necessary communicative skills. For these people, breaking through this barrier of misunderstanding is very important. Through the Barrier is a speech therapy office that provides services of such specialists as speech-language pathologists, occupational therapists, and psychologists. The main aim of this medical center is to treat children with moderate to severe disabilities, including speech and language disorders. Moreover, specialists help patients with social communication disorders and other general communicative complications. Treatment also includes occupational therapy for children that experience difficulties with performing daily school activities. Professionals that work at Through the Barrier share the same vision that children with speech disabilities deserve an equal chance of receiving proper education and communicating with their peers. The founders of the center set a goal to improve the writing and speaking capabilities of students that attend schools in Baltimore. Although there are many professionals, that choose to work with a certain school directly, the therapists of Through the Barrier believe that by working as a separate center they are capable of devoting more time and attention to every client. Through the Barrier is a for-profit organization that strives to provide available service to children, who require private assistance. The founders of the center decided to choose a for-profit system to ensure that patients will receive access to the best equipment. While non-profit organizations can admit any patien
Although the concept of gender normativity used to be considerably less flexible in the past, it would be wrong to assume that the issue of gender roles and stereotypes was not challenged in different eras and by the representatives of different cultures. Both The Tale of Heike and The Pillow Book provide a rather peculiar perspective on the issue, which could be deemed as quite unusual in the 16 th century, when the novels were published. Although the authors sometimes succumb to the traditional gender tropes, the subtle changes to the roles that men and women played in the 16 th -century society, as well as the behavior norms that they were supposed to meet at the time, makes the novels insightful and revolutionary. Despite the fact that the way in which the male characters The Tale of Heike and The Pillow Book act are quite different, the former subverting traditional gender tropes and the latter reinforcing them, both books make a very legitimate statement about the significance of teaching both genders to accept their emotions. The Tale of Heike can be viewed as rather progressive in the way in which it portrays its male characters addressing emotional issues. The scene in which all male characters burst into tears is very powerful since it points explicitly to the fact that crying is not only acceptable for men but also is not shameful. The latter idea rarely appears in art, in general, and as especially uncommon for the Japanese literature of the 16 th century, in particular. It would be wrong to claim that the narration does not feature the description of the men’s acts of courage and bravery – quite on the contrary, The Tale of Heike features quite a number of scenes in which men save the day and participate in huge battles. However, the fact that the men are allowed many emotional moments shows that the novel attempted at subverting the traditional im
The two articles under consideration are ‘The Tide of Population’ by Paul Ehrlich and ‘Too Many Mouths to Feed’ by Francis Lappe. Undoubtedly, people all over the world are getting involved in the global environmental crisis in its various facets. Environmental crisis has many perspectives that are worth elaborating on. This essay will elaborate on the population issues that strike our world today, within the topic the problem of influence of corporations and rich individuals will be revealed. Let me be completely biased and state that my opinion is that overpopulation has nothing to do with hunger and poverty in the third world countries. Moreover, hunger is not a result of the population growth because there are plenty of examples that prove that hunger and population rates are not interdependent. So, I support Paul Ehrlich’s thoughts in ‘Tide of Population’ about possible measures that may keep our world sustainable and super powerful. So, my first point on the changes that have to be made in order to provide people with all the necessary they need for sustainable lives within the problems of environment is wise distribution of country’s resources. In order to achieve the latter it is important to understand that people have to reorganize the system of concentration of power by individuals and corporations, namely it is necessary to limit the power of those and the of social institutions. (Ehrlich, p.90) The basic standpoint of the concept of limiting the powers is starvation. Hunger entails population growth because people are unable to grow enough harvest for feeding all the population of a separately taken country, that is why many children are born in order to serve as labor power according to Lappe in his article ‘Too Many Mouths to Feed’. However Ehrlich argues that it does not matter how many kids a family has since there are low rates of crops. Moreover, the children of Anjouan were happy to catch a fish in order to trade it for rice, which roves the families poor state disregarding the number of children and the area of cultivation.. Therefore, the state government has to operate the country’s resources wisely in order to develop efficient domestic and foreign economy policies. Another problem touched upon by Ehrlich in his ‘
My primary affiliation with human beings is regarded to be hypothetical if I perceive them to be objects. The basic apprehension of another individual as an object results in the probability of identifying their personal presence. When another person is a probable object and not a subject, then his or her presence should be attainable. A person’s presence should lead to essential relationships with other people (Sartre, 1966). Classical beliefs accurately state that every perceived human being refers to something that essentially warrants their probability. It is incorrect to state that people can live independently. My perception of a human being as a probable object does not rely on people’s consciousness in order to be accurate. When I interact with a person, I do it on a one-on-one correlation basis. This is regardless of whether that person is considered to be obscure or inexpressible by virtue of intuition or not. My perception of another person does not rely on society’s perspective of that person. Nonetheless, the way another person behaves determines the daily reality of how society perceives this or that person (Wittrock & Hedstrom, 2009). Sartre argues that the world has no consistency by virtue of our diverse discernment concerning each other as objects. The temporal and spatial perceptions determine how a person is defined by the world as an object. This particular nature of objectivity is designated by a person’s reference towards another human being. When an individual is referred to as a perceived object by another human being, then the most important relationship between the two should be equally based on the premise of being present to each other as subjects. The concept of a human being subject to one another generates the perception of self-realization in sociology. An individual is characterized by his or her relationship with the world and by the relationship with oneself. This forms the binary oppositions between others and oneself. A human being is an object to the world, which establishes the central course. A human being is also a subject that is revealed to oneself for the purposes of self-consciousness. There is human degradation if one is only recognized as an object and not as a subject. My long term point of view of the subject that I have
Synopsis This study looks into the parameters of hats during the early parts of the 20 th century. The existence of hats can be considered to be immemorial since humans have been using them for quite a long time. Initially humans used hide or skin for protecting their heads and even though that was not truly a hat, it started towards what we know as one. Formality and etiquette played a very important and significant role in the wearing of hats. At the dawn of the 20 th century, people would wear their hats mainly based on their daily activities but some women who were concerned about their social status would change their hats a number of times during the day. People considered it to be bad manners and even disgraceful if one went out of their home without wearing their hats and gloves. Women were even reprimanded if they did not appropriately dress and wear their hats. During the beginning of the 1900s hats were considered to be a part and parcel of a person’s everyday wear. Along with being a significance of fashion and status, men and women also wore them simple to cover their head or for warmth. Additionally, the study would reveal the socio-political approach of the time and its effects on hats. Introduction Hats have been worn both by men and women for centuries as a head covering, sometimes for protection, religious reasons or simple as a piece of fashion accessory. The differences in the styles of hats that have been seen during the first 2 decades of the 20 th century are mainly in the styles relating to the crown, brim or peak of the hats worn. The crown is that portion of the hat which covers the top part of its wearer’s head. The brim is usually made of a stiff material and is sort of a projection horizontally covering the circumference of a hat. The peak is a projection that is placed in front of the hat. 1 Women and hats The turn of the century contributed the influence of the art nouveau to the women’s fashion world. Just like the skirts of the women whirled around their feet forming flower and fan like patterns, so did their hats which swept on their faces. Most of the hats had lavishly decorated brims which created the illusion that the hats were magically suspended on their heads. Apart from the enormous mass of the largely decorated hats, some even had long lacy veils which gave the onlookers the impression that the hat had a bubbly mass. Although worn by men and women alike, hats were more common and widespread among the women than the men and thus, came in a greater variety too. Of all the accessories that women used between 1900 and 1920, hats were the most diverse and spectacular ones. Throughout history we have seen that women have had to cover their heads with wimples, hoods and veils but they started to wear hats only towards the end of the 16 th century. In the beginning of the 20 th century, i.e. the Early Edwardian Period during 1901-1907, a hat became an indispensable element for a woman since fashion at that time demanded that the silhouette of a woman be like the S shape. Hats during this time were enormous in size and were usually decorated with lots of
Introduction Japan is often mentioned as one of the major aggressors in the Second World War. This is because of going against the treaties that had been signed after the First World War, and going ahead with conquests. The conquests resulted in massive suffering, which combined with the aftermath of the Second World War. The conquest of China by Japan began in the late 1930’s and proceeded into the early years of the 1940’s i . The Japanese invasion of China is one of the greatest landmarks in the history of the World Wars, as well as the transformation of the political landscape of Asia, which had been dominated by Japan. This paper discusses the Japanese invasion of China in the year 1942. The paper begins by picking up the events that culminated in the invasion of China by Japan. The paper explores the historical developments in the Japanese invasion of China through a critical observation on the map, which shows the progression of the invasion. The paper brings out the impacts of the developments and their implications. An overview of Japanese Invasion of China The Japanese invasion of China, which is also referred to as the Pacific War, is one of the historic events that are closely linked to the Second World War. It is critical to observe that there were a lot of activities, mostly diplomatic, that were going on during the time when Japan was planning and executing its attacks on China and other parts of Asia. This observation is rooted on the fact that countries in the world had just come out of the First World War and were still recovering from the impacts of the First World War. It can, thus, be said that the countries needed peace in order to concentrate on reconstruction ii The invasion of China by Japan in the year in 1942 was a result of a series of actions that were implemented by Japan from the beginning of the 1920s. The 1920s marked the period of diplomacy in order to minimize aggression, which had been cited as the main cause of the First World War that ended in 1919. As noted on the map, the invasi
Introduction The food web is a natural interconnection that describes the manner in which energy is transferred from organism A to B, thereby supporting the survival of both plants and animals. Human beings form an important aspect or part of the food web since they are capable of engaging in activities and making decisions that could transform the overall experiences and outcomes of all other living organisms. Any form of obliteration will make it impossible for people to live sustainability and eventually achieve their goals. The questions of posterity remain critical and are capable of guiding more people and global leaders to make timely decisions and transform in an effort to maintain the integrity of the food web. Nonetheless, various problems exist today that have the potential to affect the food web and make it impossible for more people to get fresh, timely, and high-quality food. Moreover, these issues can also threaten the sustainability of the other organisms that rely on humans for food (Herforth & Ahmed, 2015). As of now, one of the most outstanding urgent problems disorienting the integrity of the food chain is that of environmental degradation. Environmental degradation refers to the gradual decay of the environment due to the exhaustion of its natural resources, thus reducing the environment’s ability to sustain social and ecological objectives. This is as true as ever when applied to the food web, as there are few ecological systems that are as immediately important to the survival of humanity and other species that rely on it. The problem is multifaceted and affects all factors of production, results in a reduced downpour, catalyzes the speed of global warming, and eventually transforms human life in a negative manner (Trzcinski et al., 2016). Hence, evidence-based efforts and solutions would be needed in an effort to protect the integrity of the food web. Conservation efforts and promotion of sustainable practices are solutions that can help human beings protect the natural environment from continuous degradation and improve the effectiveness and naturalness of the food web (Tefft et al., 2017). Therefore, the effort to stop the disruption and degradation of the food web and the adverse effects associated with it should focus on promoting conservation and sustainable practices. Terms A brief note on terminology is necessary in the interests of greater clarity. While it might appear that ‘conservation’ and ‘sustainable practices’ refer
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a critical component in the development of a vibrant relationship between an organization and its stakeholders. Hence, organizations are supposed to be proactive in engaging the immediate environment on matters regarding the welfare of the environment. In particular, corporate social responsibility is supposed to create a balance between profitability and the overall wellbeing of the targeted market. While the concept of corporate social responsibility is broad and sometimes complex depending on the method used to approach it, this paper will largely dwell on the analysis of the modern issues that often affect business organizations and their practices. In particular, the paper will attempt to offer a detailed discussion of the socially irresponsible, unethical or illegal activities that usually bedevil business organizations even as they seek to boost their profitability. It is prudent to note that there are three main areas of concern that are instrumental when exploring the concept of corporate social responsibility. These are the management of a company, corporate culture and the competitive environment of a business entity. The essay will begin by exploring the concept of corporate social responsibility using the example of AstraZeneca Plc. In particular, the essay will explore the employees deployed by AstraZeneca since they are part and parcel of the company. The analysis will focus on the safety, health, and environment (SHE) program. Although there are negative practices that the company may have committed in the past, it is profound to note that there are good practices that amount to corporate social responsibility courtesy by the company. The information represented in this essay was obtained from stakeholders who have been given the duty of undertaking the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the company. AstraZeneca Plc. was incepted way back in 1999 (Turner 2005, p. 69). This was made possible due to the merger between Astra AB and Zeneca Group Plc. Most of the activities of the company take place in the United Kingdom. Hence, the operations of the company are centered in the United Kingdom. The company was formed with the broad objective of generating long-term and sustainable growth. While profitability is the key goal of the company, the stakeholders have also been the center of attention of the company. It is vital to note that stakeholders include even the targeted market that comprise of customers and their diverse needs. The company clearly understands that the process of production does not stop at the point of sale. It goes beyond sales and marketing. Hence, corporate social responsibility goes beyond making profits and leading the market. At present, AstraZeneca Plc is one of the most competitive pharmaceutical companies. It has a strong focus on research, development and i