ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Research for Public Safety The qualitative exploration of public safety was implemented by Choong et al. (2018) for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the US Department of Commerce on the topic of first responders. The report included the analysis of interviews with approximately two hundred responders across the country, who represent a body of trained professionals specializing in arriving at a scene of an emergency and assisting in addressing the situation. The work of first responders is an essential aspect of public safety because they are the ones to be deployed immediately in the case of accidents, terrorist attacks, or natural disasters. Choong et al. (2018) studied the effectiveness of the new Usability and User Interface project as applied to increase efficiency and effectiveness of first responders’ work as well as their needs and requirements. The engagement of professionals that deal with emergencies on a regular basis is detrimental for qualitative studies of this nature because their feedback and perspectives offer a detailed look at the effectiveness of an implemented program. Also, the findings of interviews represent a basis for further studies of quantitative nature to expand on the issues and problems identified in the first stage of the research. As applied to public safety, the studied project showed that there is no unified approach to increasing efficiency because the work of the first respondents is highly varied. It is also essential to minimize the use of technologies for ‘technology’s sake,’ which means that the implemented projects must fit the needs of professionals and not make it more complicated. Reliability and connectivity were shown to be imperative components of successful first responder programs because professionals greatly rely on cellular, radio, and wireless networks when ensuring public safety. Quantitative Research for Public Safety A quantitative approach to public safety was offered by Bachner (2013) for the IBM Center for the Business of Government as related to predictive policing, which implies crime prevention through the use of data and analytics. Predictive policing is a critical aspect of the modern law enforcement because it contributes to the enhanced methods of crime prevention. With the full availability of technologies, broad data samples, and statistics, crime mapping can be effective in improving resource allocation efficiency and allowing police officers to respond to crime risks immediately. Predictive policing is implemented by combining three essential analysis techniques: analysis of space, analysis of time and space, and the analysis of social networks. All data involved in the analysis is of quantitative nature and is used for making predicting the likelihood of crime occurrence. For example, the Santa Cruz Police Department (SCPD) was the first to integrate the program into its daily operations starting from 2011. A computer algorithm was created drawing from the database of previous crime incidents to
Introduction This Is Our Youth is a play by Kenneth Lonergan, an American screenwriter and dramatist. The play was first presented in an Off-Broadway theater in 1996, after which it was shown by many countries all over the world. The plot of the play takes place in New York in 1982. There are forty-eight hours of the life of three teenagers, each of which has certain opinions and social issues. Nineteen-year-old Warren stole fifteen thousand dollars from his business magnate father, Dennis, his charismatic friend and drug dealer, is ready to “usefully” invest money, and seventeen-year-old Jessica observes these events with anxiety. The piquancy of the situation lies in the fact that these teenagers have only one night to spend money. The exploration of the difficulties that occur during the transition from adolescence to adulthood is the key message of the play. Exploring Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood The eternal topics of adolescence and maturity compose the core ideas of This Is Our Youth play. It begins with the presentation of Dennis, the son of the abusive tycoon, who stole $15, 000 before being kicked out of his house by his father. Dennis has a plan for Warren to get laid with his girlfriend and enjoy cocaine. Along with using drugs, the guys also think about selling them to keep the money they have. Such plans might seem credible, but the characters of the play are teenagers who are seeking their place in the world and have a tendency to self-destruction. They are authentic and emotional, which makes both Dennis and Warren quite impulsive, with assertive motions and the defeated inner self. The play expressively speaks about the end of the 1980s as Lonergan wittily expressed a timeless generational conflict and a moment in US history that continues to affect people’s feelings today. The growing alienation destroying the social fabric of civil society was a consequence of a long period of consumerism and the desire to achieve the highest degree of comfort. In the 1950-1960s, consumer values ​​occupied a dominant position in culture (Gale 38). The most obvious manifestation of the counterculture was the change in lifestyle. Demonstrating distaste for consumer standards, young Americans began to grow long hair, mark clothes in all colors of the rainbow, and wear them to the holes. In This Is Our Youth Play, the viewers observe the radical manifestations of counterculture, such as the active passion of young people for smoking marijuana and the use of stronger hallucinogens and other drugs. It served as a social accelerator, helping to radically change feelings, and strengthening the belief that generally accepted social norms and institutions are controversial, irrelevant, and corrupt. The market’s emphasis on competitive individualism created a culture, in which self-interest and personal gain are more important than fe
Summary This report is on how urban systems interrelate with the surrounding regions. According to the report, the effects of urban establishments are often misrepresented as damaging to the surrounding eco-systems. This is because if people moved towards rural areas, these effects would only be dispersed but not reduced. The report cites poor urban development management as the main destructor of eco systems. On the relationship between urban systems and rural lands, the article notes that urban development alters the rural settings. An example of how the development of urban Chicago changed eco systems is used to drive this point home. Primarily, urban development changes the demands on the land. For example, demand for agricultural products may result in overuse of land. The research also points out that some urban development can have a positive impact on the eco systems. For instance, urban developments in desert areas can reduce the effects of desertification. The article also explores the interrelation between water systems and urban development. Water sources benefit urban development in two ways; providing a means of transport and meeting an area’s water demands. Water demands for urban areas can interrupt natural water flows albeit unintentionally. The article points out at factors that may influence this interrelationship. These include how the demand for water changes the upstream water flow, how usual upstream demands affect urban developments downstream, and how upstream urban development affects those in the downstream. According to this research, it is no longer mandatory to put up an urban development only close to a water source. Water for urban use can be sourced from far. The eco system of coastal areas is worst affected by urban development because it encompasses dunes, wetlands, and coral reefs. The positive thing about urban development is that it makes it easier to recycle water and avoid pollution. The research also covers the eco system pressures created by urban systems. It is observed that a twentieth century urban development affects eco system pressures even beyond its geographical scope. The main burden to eco systems is the pressure imposed by the consumption and waste management required to support the lifestyles of the affluent urban dwellers. Increased trade in urban areas also contributes to these eco system pressures. In addition, urban systems are more exposed to global warming effects. The report also addresses issues of ecological footprints and urban sustainability multiplier. Ecological footprint refers to the amount of pressure imposed on the eco system by a certain popula
Introduction and the community chosen Human beings are social beings, who interact to learn new ideas and skills. Socialization is a lifelong experience that is necessary for survival (Buton, 2009). Traditionally, people interacted informally through face-to-face talks, and by playing games to know each other. In addition, social forums provided an opportunity to share information. However, the last two decades witnessed the emergence of socialization through virtual communities; people reduced face-to-face contacts and they increased virtual friends. According to Dasgupta, “a virtual community, is a group (sociology) whose members are connected using information technology, typically the internet” (2006). Members of a virtual community are connected by the need to belong and share a common interest. This research paper follows and analyses Big Brother Africa Star Game online chat room (bigbrotherafrica.com). Big Brother Africa Star Game is a reality show aired in 42 African countries by M-net, a South African television network. The reality show is produced by Endemol, which owns the Big Brother franchise (Hiramoto, 2012). Its chat room is open to viewers and anyone who visit the Big Brother Africa Star Game website. Members of the online chat room join freely without providing any personal information, and most do not use their real names. The purpose of the chat room is to discuss the behavior of contestants besides voting to retain and evict participants. It is a real-time chat room, where members instantly view comments as soon as they enter them. Membership is drawn from the 42 African countries where the show airs; it is not restrictive because anyone who accesses the website can join and participate. The characteristics of the community The community has unique characteristics and behavior; it is like an individual with characteristics and behaviors particular to him/her. First, the group does not measure individual or behavioral characteristics. Traditional, virtual sites use behavioral characteristics to manage accounts. The information provided by individuals when they sign in identifies individual accounts. Formal community sites require one to provide personal information like the date of birth and email address. The information is used as a basis for identifying members and checking antisocial behaviors. Behavioral techniques used to identify individuals in virtual sites include signing features, keystroke patterns, voice, and gait (Camarinha–Matos, Paraskaskis, and Afsarmanesh, 2009). Big Brother Africa Star Game online chat room is a voluntary, virtual community with random entry and exit. The site does not have procedural systems to regulate and vet membership; that is the reason why members have names like Volcano, Tsunami, Easy, and Yuvvonben523 (M-net, 2012). The language is informal similar to the one used in a text message; for example, “thank you” is ‘thank us. The group is highly
Introduction Back in the day, young people who wanted to pursue the career in business claimed that the main problem was that nobody listened to their ideas. Modern business environment learned the lesson and today there are a lot of different investors with opportunities for start-up companies. However, today the problem is that many of those investors want not only to benefit correspondently from their investment but also to take over the main share of the company. What happened in the case of Jacqui Rosshandler’s Jacquii LLC is a perfect example of how the amount of investment does not equate to the amount of work that was out into creating the company. Other potential sources of investment Given the fact that Rosshandler’s company would not survive without investment, she had three possible choices. First and obvious one was to accept Shorin’s offer but, in this case, she would lose control over the company. To protect her ownership, she also could either take a bank loan to base her business on it or to engage her own assets, which is an equity-led model of entrepreneurship. Although, today there are also additional opportunities for small business and start-ups to find the investment on the optimal terms other than looking for an investor through the network of contacts. There are special social networks, such as the CrunchBase and many others (Alexy et al. 842). Advantages and disadvantages of using debt and equity capital Forbes and Warnock suggest that in cases when the enterprise is connected with economic risks, like Jacquii LLC, there is a possibility of ‘debt-led stop’ (17). Another observation that shows disadvantages of debt capital is that there are more unpaid accruals (Eckles, Halek and Zhang 861). And for a small business run by Rosshandler, it creates additional complications. The use of equity capital is more typical for the small business; however, the cost of equity capital may correlate with the decreasing in firm size (Botosan 347). However, the problem with the equity capital is exactly presented in the situation with the Rosshandler’s company. Its circulation and revenue are enough for small business but with such a business model it is hard to find enough revenue to invest into the company’s growth. How Jacquii LLC could have avoided capital flow Small business and large enterprises function differently on many levels, their management differs as quantitatively as it does qualitatively (LeCornu et al. 1). Rosshandler started her enterprise from the perspective of a small business model. This is the reason why it is so challenging to encourage its growth. It already functions as a small enterprise on the institutional level. To avoid the cash flow, when entering the bigger scale of the business, Rosshandler should have a look for venture capital investor at the earlier stages
Introduction The Hajj pilgrimage is one of the five sacred duties of Muslims, mentioned in the Quran. Over 2 million Muslims from around the world and especially from developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Nigeria undertake the journey to Mecca and participate in the Hajj, the world’s largest annual religious pilgrimage. This social and economic significance of the Hajj is worth studying as the Hajj is considered to lead to transformative changes in the pilgrim’s life and his relationship with the world. Moreover, the Hajj provides an opportunity to study the role played by an institution in determining socioeconomic outcomes. Points to Consider   * All Muslims who are strong enough to travel and who can afford the trip are expected to undertake the Hajj pilgrimage at least once during their lifetime by Quranic injunction.   * The overall Hajj experience would affect pilgrims. Hajj involves intensive participation in religious activities over a long period and hence can be expected to impact individual religious practices and beliefs after the Hajj is over. Hajj offers a common platform for Muslim pilgrims from various countries. Moreover, Hajj also brings a certain social status to them (Donnan 1989). Research by Clingingsmith et al (2006) shows that Hajj causes physical and mental strain in individuals. During the pilgrimage, the pilgrims may have to walk about 80 kilometers within a period of ten days.   * The Hajj pilgrims generally have a liberated view of the world and believe in peaceful co-existence with people of different races and religions. Unlike traditional Muslims, they even accept coeducational schooling for both boys and girls. Moreover, Hajj helps to unify Muslims all over the world. Recommendations   * The impact of Hajj on the pilgrims should be analyzed through interaction with a diverse group of Muslims.   * The Hajj should seek policy initiatives in the region through multilateral foray.   * The Hajj should involve youth via ongoing education and programs. The international community can liaise with Hajj to institute programs that encourage young pilgrims to enter politics.   * Hajj initiatives can be supported to stimulate the economy. Initiatives led by Hajjis are better positioned and more likely to meet with success. On the economic front the Hajj has a wide array of tools at its disposal. The Hajj should take advantage of these tools and use them in a pragmatic fashion to bolster the health of economies.   * Tolerance and gender views are likely to be inputs in the economic growth process and hence understanding the impact of Hajj on these will show how “religious capital” can impact prosperity.   * The Hajj should nurture future leaders with more strong support of religious society. Training younger generation leaders can help strengthen the Hajj religious society networks. The Hajj has considerable resources to offer in this regard; education and training in
Mission According to the Constitution of North Melbourne Football Club Limited (2014), the North Melbourne Kangaroos’ have the following mission: Maintain, provide, support and field a team or teams of footballers bearing the name of North Melbourne Football Club to compete in the AFL. Vision The AFL club also has a long-term vision ‘To deliver sustained on-field success’ (North Melbourne Football Club Limited: Financial Report, 2013); to achieve this target, the club has key goals in which they need to meet. Short-term objectives 2014 The following have been outlined as the short-term objectives of the North Melbourne Kangaroos, according to the North Melbourne Football Club Limited: Financial Report (2013):   * To meet targets set that will allow the Company to continue to invest in the football department, in particular, player payments, which will give us the best opportunity to achieve on-field success.   * To come up with innovative ways of increasing the organisation’s revenue in 2014, especially membership revenue. Revenue from sales, events, sponsorship, and fundraising should simultaneously be increased.   * To create a new and strong clientele base of supporters by penetrating into Hobart and Victoria. Long-term objectives 2015-2017 The long-term objective, according to North Melbourne Football Club Limited: Financial Report (2013), is to develop a best practice football department. Core consumers AFL fans The AFL boats over 7,500,000 supporters, this acquaints to 40% of the Australian population aged over 14 years. Australia’s largest concentration of football fans (38%) can be found in Victoria. According to Roy Morgan (2013), an enormous 61% of all Victorians support an AFL team; this contrasts to 24% in NSW and 28% in Queensland. According to their research, men make up 55% of AFL supporters. Norman Morris, Industry Communications Director, Roy Morgan Research, says: “ There’s a lot more to the average footy supporter than football. Roy Morgan Research data reveals that this huge section of the population is more likely than other Australians to go to professional sporting events. AFL supporter snapshot AFL supporter snapshot Source: Roy Morgan Single Source, 2013 (Australia), January 2012 – December 2012 North Melbourne Kangaroo fans According to the AFL Fans Association (2013), Kangaroo fans are renowned for being loyal and passionate about their team, frequently attending games at Etihad Stadium and being extremely expressive and vocal supporters (Shilbury, Westerbeek, Quick, Funk & Karg, 2009. p. 53). Aside from AFL matches, Kangaroo supporters are more likely to spend time at the ballet, at the races and enjoy music, movies and books more than any other AFL club fans. North Melbourne Kangaroo Members (Consumer) Behaviour North Melbourne boasts of over 40,000 members being in the top 10 for AFL membership; however, this is only half of the number one membership club in the AFL, Collingwood, boasting over 80,000 members (AFL Fans Association, 2013). However, according to Shilbury et al. (2009, p. 51), whilst the membership is not one of the largest in the AFL, North Melbourne K
Introduction The behaviour of an air traveler depends on several factors. The healthy passenger is usually not much affected except for an occasional ear or sinus pain. (Lucas and Goodwin). However a person who takes medicines routinely may be upset by the break of his routine meal time as in diabetes mellitus. The features of his hypoglycemia may be mistaken for aggression, intoxication and or even an exhibition of psychiatric illness. Hypoglycemia is a situation where the passenger behaves in an altered manner due to the feeling of hunger associated with sweating and a fast heart rate makes him tense and worried. His behaviour is influenced by the biochemical changes occurring in his body. The onlooker gets a wrong impression of the situation. The health components, both the physical and mental, are further affected by the passenger’s personality. The air crew is a group of people who are trained in human factors but sometimes an upset passenger could relay the same feelings in the crew handling him as they are also human. The stress shows on the crew if a passenger is aggressive or demanding. (Lucas and Goodwin). Safety being the main function of the crew, they are to pacify the hassled person as cordially as possible without worsening the scenario, creating as much harmony as they can. Delay in resolution may cause confusion in the closed space of the airplane. Passengers expect some justice to the services advertised by the airlines. If they feel a little cheated of expectations, the crew has to make amends. The crew is as human as any passenger and their bodies and mental functions can undergo similar changes. Their bodily reactions may be worse in that their working and sleeping hours keep changing and they pass through different time zones. Flight times are lengthening and the risk of problems is more. However review by Bor has indicated that the incidence of air rage is actually decreasing (2003). Air rage Air rage is the resentment and anger that a person feels in a closed or confined space, being too close to people all around with no way of escape or even for avoiding them. Anger in any other situation is limited in that there is possibility of escape and alcohol abuse is rarer. Physiological factors are believed to incite it. The feeling of threat could cause the person to shout and become aggressive in nature. What started off as verbal abuse could go on to physical violence. (Lucas and Goodwin). Air rage can evolve into a dramatic emergency if not controlled. The passengers and crew close to the troublesome person will be in immediate danger of being hurt. Even the aeroplane’s safety is compromised. Statistics show that of 1375 consultations to MedAire, 3.5% were for psychiatric problems. (Matsumoto and Goebert, 2001) 90 % were anxiety cases and 69% needed assessment on arrival. Three cases had to be immediately hospitalized by diverting the plane. The necessity for rapid onset anxiolytics was understood and added to the medical