ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
December 5, 2005 was the date, when a black man, Wesley Eugene Baker, was executed by means of lethal injection. It was the last time, when the case of death penalty took place in Maryland. This man was scheduled to death in a week after he committed the crime, and it happened in far 1991 (Clines para. 6). He was waiting for own death more than 10 years. On the one hand, his actions cannot be understood, and his blame is obvious; on the other hand, living in prison and being aware of own death is one of the most terrible punishments for any person. The issue of capital punishment always causes numerous doubts and contradictions, because it becomes harder and harder to certainly support or oppose this very form of punishment. The U.S. state of Maryland is one of the American states that still use this judicial punishment; and in spite of the fact that this type of execution is currently suspended, the history of capital punishment in Maryland is interesting for many reasons. Wesley Eugene Baker was the last man, who was scheduled for death penalty; and it will be better if this case will be the last in Maryland history. Death penalty is the most serious punishment that can be used by the government against people; and even if it costs less then keeping a person in jail till the end of his/her life and shows how serious the outcomes of murders can be, it should not be the reason to support capital punishment at all because nowadays, in most cases, money rules the world and even helps to convict innocent people in order to escape this penalty. In fact, it is not that difficult to convict a person and sentence him/her to death. However, capital punishment usually touches upon numerous issues, which are crucially important in our current live. The state of Maryland is probably one of the first ones in the list, where the cases of capital punishment deserve attention and evaluation. The investigations over this state prove that racial bias is still present even in justice: “blacks who kill whites are 2.5 times more likely to be sentenced to death than are whites who kill whites, and are 3.5 times more likely to be s
Introduction Strategic change is an important concept for all business organizations that want to survive in the constantly changing global economy. Strategic change is defined as the change that takes place in a company’s strategy. It is the organization’s attempt to align its strategies with those of the external environment. It involves changing the organizations vision, mission and objectives as well as the strategies that are used to achieve these objectives. Changes in the external environment such as economic changes, political changes and environmental factors require organizations to adapt in-order to survive. Adapting to the external environment will require companies to change their business strategies so as to remain relevant in today’s economy. There are a number of approaches that can be used in carrying out the strategic change process. These approaches have to take into account the employees of the organization, the cultural setting and value system that are in use within the organization and the business environment that the organization operates in. The next section covers the various strategic models that can be used by managers in the strategic process (Hughes 2006). Strategic Change Tools and Models Strategic change models and approaches are used to reflect the intentional and strategic changes that take place within organizations. Clear goals and measurement scales are used in these approaches to gain some feedback on how the change process will affect the business operations of the company. The type of strategic change model that is used should be in line with the process of change implementation for the organization. The change process involves preparing the organization for the change process. This will involve communicating the changes that will take place to the important stakeholders of the company such as the employees, investors and shareholders to ensure they that they are all prepared for the change (Gunn 2009). Once the necessary changes have been communicated to all important stakeholders, the next phase of the process will involve implementing the change management plan. The changes will be implemented in accordance with the agreed business goals, objectives and strategies. The next stage after implementation will involve providing ongoing support to the implementation process as well as undertaking improvements to the change management plan. The purpose of this stage is to ensure that there is a continual support of the changes that are taking place within the organization. The last stage of the change process is important as it ensures that the changes have been implemented successfully within the transformed organization (Gunn 2009). There are a range of strategic change models that can be used in initiating change within organizations. These
Theodor Adorno’s concept of industrial culture implied a strong connection between capitalist society and the products capitalism produces in the cultural sphere to enhance the existing social practices that benefit the further development of capitalism. Therefore, Adorno suggested that most media products, such as films, books, television programs, reinforce the population’s belief in capitalist values. On the other hand, the structural functionalism theory approaches society as a living organism, where each part of society plays its function in the viability maintenance of the whole organism. Therefore, even though the concepts have similarities in equally prioritizing the importance of stability in society, their differences can be more apparent through application to modern culture and society. In his theory, Adorno pointed at the obvious narrative of mass media products, such as films and books, where wealth is often associated with happiness. However, another example with a more apparent connection to reinforcing capitalism is entertainment for children. From a very young age, modern children are exposed to different sorts of media in the form of tv shows, cartoons, and animated films. In the structural functionalism approach, the entertainment industry for children presents a source of education and emotional development. In different forms, the children’s entertainment industry teaches them important moral practices of being kind and polite to other people, which serves as the foundation for security in the future society. However, in the industrial culture approach, modern children’s entertainment is focused on selling the merchandise of different characters featured in films. For example, one of the most influential companies, Disney, invented the business model of using cartoon characters to attract children to their theme parks (Clement, 2018). Now, the company strategically plans simultaneous launches of animate
Introduction to Vancouver Communication Vancouver Communication has enjoyed unparalleled growth in the recent past. Under the leadership of its Chief Executive officer Mike Ansell, the company has been able to open several subsidiaries in different regions of the world. The first subsidiary to be opened by Vancouver communication was a production facility located in Wolverhampton in England. Subsequent to the accomplishments of England’s subsidiary and the desire of Vancouver to extend its growth in market share to Eastern Europe and the Middle East, the company has appointed Helen Reeves who was serving as the assistant head of marketing for Vancouver Communication in Canada, to head the company’s newly established production and distribution facility situated in Ankara Turkey. It is through witnessing immense success in the operations of the Wolverhampton subsidiary, that Mike Ansell is not afraid of proposing similar organizational and people management systems and practices to Helen. Vancouver Communication’s Management Approach Mike Ansell has no doubt that his proposal will bear fruit. Having been proved earlier in different situations from those in Canada, the company’s approach was found to achieve success in England. One of the major attributes associated with the Vancouver communications management approach is the fact that the strategy used by the company is participative rather than coercive. By being participative, the company ensures that the employee’s views are incorporated into the company decision-making process. This is achieved through holding time-to-time sectional and departmental conferences. In addition, the company uses the same approach to make sure that all employees are made to understand the company’s core values, rules, and regulations that are stipulated. In the same sense, the response of workers on projected management initiatives is well gauged through their incorporation in various departmental meetings. In order to enhance the prosperity of any company, it is recommended that a company’s administrative body utilize vast professional knowledge and acumen. Similarly, the company is encouraged to carry out extensive research on any project that it may wish to involve itself in (Dowling et al, 2008, p. 54). Dowling, et al (2008, p. 54) however, further notes that in many corporations, the directors seek professional advice from incompetent experts. The managerial body can reverse this trend by involving the company’s working force in its participative management approach. Through making use of this strat
Company Profile Sephora is one of the most successful retail chains in the world which is based in France, but its offices and stores are located in 27 countries, including Canada. Sephora specializes in retailing and online selling cosmetics, bath and body products, and make-up tools. Sephora was founded by Dominique Mandonnaud in France in 1970, and the company entered the Canadian market in 2004 when the first store was opened in Toronto. The main office which regulates Sephora’s activities in Canada is located in Montreal, and the control of the chain is provided with references to the headquarters’ office in San Francisco (“Sephora”). The company’s strategy is oriented to supporting the store shopping and the online market. That is why, Sephora.com launched in the USA and later in Canada was reorganised, and the multi-channel Sephora.ca was launched to provide the products retailing directly in Canada. Sephora.ca and Holidays’ Offers Sephora is characterised by orienting to all the innovations in the market’s development, and the company can be discussed as the experienced and successful trendsetter in developing the stores and online selling along with attracting the customers. Having opened new stores in Canada, Sephora focuses on launching a new website for the Canadians to meet their requirements and intensify the process of shopping. To support the new site and accentuate its possibilities, Sephora develops a new campaign the main goal of which is to offer the clients the best opportunities to choose the presents for Christmas and New Year Day for relatives and friends at prices lower than in any store. Thus, the customers receive the opportunity to choose the products with references to Holiday Bags and Mystery Gift campaigns. The main particular feature of the campaigns is the fact that the offers are almost not available in stores, and the products are presented in the limited series. These details make the choice more pleasant, and the gift purchased for Christmas and New Year Day with the help of Sephora.ca becomes more unique. The Email Pitch To: Noreen Flanagan, Elle Canada, Editor-in-Chief From: Lori Castagna , Vice-President of Merchandising and Marketing, Sephora Canada Subject: Sephora.ca provides the best holiday offers Dear Noreen Flanagan, I know that your magazine traditionally provides the
Hate Crimes The criminal behavior based on the criterion of sexual orientation. Likely the most widespread and recognizable reason for hate crime besides race. Hostility based on religion. Usually less visible that the crimes based on race and sexuality, and not recognized unanimously across the US, but steadily showing up in statistics Crimes triggered by gender identity and gender expression Discrimination based on disability Each of the examples is chosen for a different reason. The homosexuality is an important issue as it is complicated by the homosexual threat and homosexual panic used in defense of the suspects tried for murder (Gerstenfeld, 2013). The gender identity as a cause of hate crime presents a challenging case as it is limited by the current lack of understanding of the phenomenon. The religion-based crimes are often conducted by organized groups. Finally, the disability hate crimes are legally recognized in 31 states but have no firm scholarly basis (Gerstenfeld, 2013). Crime v Deviant Behavior Deviant behavior is the one that differs from the established social norms. It does not necessarily constitute a crime unless it explicitly or implicitly violates the formal law, which is the sole requirement for it to become criminal. In some extreme cases, the social norms may contradict the law, with the most prominent examples being the racial discrimination and violence towards the black population: it was accepted and encouraged despite being unconstitutional. A criminal act towards a group is an action that violates any part of the common law. It may or may not be considered deviant, but in most of the cases, the social norms align with the official legal requirements. For instance, firing an employee based on his disability is illegal in 31 states (Gerstenfeld, 2013), but is only considered a deviant act elsewhere. Victims Fail to Report Hate Crimes 1. Fear of retaliation for reporting a crime. This reason is possibly the most substantiated one. Unlike the personal beliefs or the shame, the retaliation is a real, feasible threat. 2. Distrust in law enforcement as an effective measure. This reason is important because it presents the best opportunity for mitigation. It mostly depends on the actions of the organization and thus can be overturned by success rates and improved communication, unlike the shame of reporting, which is determined largely by the social environment. 3. Lack of knowledge about hate crime. It depends on literacy and awareness and thus listed third, but still indicates a weak point which could be alleviated relatively easily. All three reasons illustrate insufficient success rates of law enforcement in victim protection, functioning, and communication, respectively. Fac
Signs and Symptoms of Incompetent Management Management incorporates the act of leading and controlling a group of people with an objective of attaining collective goals. Usually, organizations with perfect and effective management systems achieve marvelous results. The level of success of such organizations normally depends on the competency of their managers. Managers are integral components of any organization. They should be visionary and competent in their endeavors in order to realize remarkable results. This requires effective leadership skills (GIRIN, 2011). For example, declining profits within an organization (due to falling revenues and increasing expenses) signifies management’s incompetence. Employees underperform under incompetent managements. Disregarding the workers’ preferences, poor motivational strategies, and lack of innovation are among other factors that employees’ performance. It is crucial to understand these provisions based on their viability, applicability, and other relevant frameworks. Reduced morale and weakened motivation within the workforce indicate an incompetent management. Incompetent managers are reluctant to employ highly qualified personnel. It is vital to consider these provisions when analyzing characteristics of incompetent leadership. Ineffective communication and poor feedback channels also portray managers with deprived competency. Concurrently, secrecy, gossip, and denying realities are other vital signs of incompetence (Jia,You, & Du, 2012). Because of these, employees lose their trust in the management. Overconfidence is also a sign of management incompetence. Notably, such managers confuse accidental organizational success with their personal strategic radiance. Incompetent managers are more likely to put the entire organizations into risky ventures. Particularly, these managers are more likely to push employees to effect risky ventures. Insufficient quality control may also be a sign of management’s incompetency. Defective products, intensive damages on goods, constant service interruptions, and high rates of client complaints are associated with insufficient quality control (GIRIN, 2011). These emerge due to lack of employee motivation and dedication to duty. Poor client services from employees might also emanate from management incompetence. It is observable that several signs or symptoms of incompetent management remain evident in most organizations. The Classical Management Style versus Scientific Management Classical management refers to the management based on the conviction that workers have economic and physical demands. According to this management style, workers’ social requirements and demands for job fulfillment is unimportant. This management style lobby for increased labor specialization, centralized decision processes, and profit making. Being the oldest management strategy, classical management is specifically interested in the increase of efficiency, both for the empl
Systematic Literature Review The UAE is becoming one of the significant players in the global economic arena. The country is ready to adopt new ways to develop and the empowerment of women is one of these ways. Entrepreneurship is seen as one of these ways and now women are entering the Emirati entrepreneurial environment. There is a significant bulk of research on the matter. It is possible to employ a systematic literature review method to explore major issues revealed in the research and potential areas of further research. It is necessary to analyze papers published from 2010 to 2014 to trace the way the research has been developing. First, the research will involve an analysis of the number of papers on the matter during the period. It is necessary to identify the way the interest in women entrepreneurship evolved. In 2011, researchers only started exploring the role Emirati female entrepreneurs played or could play in the economy of the country (Erogul 315). Those were steps in the field. The research will then focus on topics highlighted in the papers. Thus, in 2012, the focus of researchers was on factors affecting Emirati females’ choices to set up a business. Kargwell provides a comprehensive analysis of gender differences in entrepreneurial development (44). Researchers also note that technological and economic development of the country as well as support from the state have a positive impact on women’s participation in the Emirati business world while cultural peculiarities of the region lead to significant obstacles (Kargwell Women Entrepreneurs Breaking through 122). Manar et al. also stress that technology can be a potent stimulus for women to start their businesses (509). It is possible to note that a significant number of articles were written during the year, which shows the rise of attention to the field. In 2013, researchers concentrated
As one reads the Gospel, discrepancies and sometimes even contradictions between the texts may be noticed. On the contrary, the descriptions of some of the stories in the Gospels are the same word for word, as if they were copied by one author from another. This phenomenon is called the synoptic problem in scientific biblical scholarship and has been studied for centuries. From the four Gospels, the works of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John Chris are called synoptic (Bakker & Jong, 2021). There are many literary overlaps between these four texts, the study of which will be presented in this paper. To begin with, it is worth discussing the commonalities of the three authors – Matthew, Mark and Luke. In general terms, the pattern of similarities and differences between the Synoptics can be described as follows. Some of Christ’s actions and teachings are described by all three evangelists, while others are described by only two or one. From this, scholars have concluded that each author of the Gospels has the same content with the other two Synoptics or with any one of them and exclusively their own content not found in any other (Bakker & Jong, 2021). For example, Mark’s Gospel’s original content is 30 verses out of more than 650. Hence, 600-plus verses from Mark are found in Matthew and Luke’s works. Conventionally, the total content in Matthew and Luke is approximately 240 verses. The original content in Matthew is about 1/6 of the total, in Luke about 1/4 (Farrugia, 2020). Interestingly, both the original content of Matthew and Luke and the total content of both deal primarily with the Savior’s words, not His actions. The discrepancies in the texts of the Evangelists are also due to following different traditions of retelling events. For example, Matthew and Luke follow one
The video illustrates one of the most complicated and significant episodes in the country’s history, the Great Depression. It was the period when many Americans were unemployed and had to survive on the little they managed to earn or produce. The people owning or working on farms did not notice any considerable difficulty since they grew their own food and did not suffer from hunger. However, those living in more industrial regions frequently had nothing to eat. What was probably the saddest was that families who had many children could not afford to feed them appropriately. At the same time, the era of the Great Depression was the time when many Americans resorted to their wit and creativity. Since hardly anyone could afford to buy clothes, many women learned to make them. Furthermore, families living next to forests would gather berries and cook something both nutritious and delicious. The most crucial figure in the process of overcoming the depression was President Roosevelt. It was due to his exceptional belief in his people and country that each citizen felt his or her responsibility and power to overcome the dark times. Roosevelt made inspirational speeches in which he encouraged his people not to be afraid of difficulties and work together on returning the USA its strength. A set of measures implemented by the president was aimed at improving people’s financial stability after the stock market crash of 1929. Although people were discouraged and devastated, the fact that their leader supported them spiritually made them feel empowered and hopeful. The death of Roosevelt in 1945 was accepted by many Americans as a personal loss. It was impossible to overestimate all the effort that he made for his country.