ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In every healthcare setting, the need to meet optimal patient care requires nurses to maintain ethical practices and follow the outlined principles effectively. The relationship between the sick individual, relative, and practitioner is vital for ensuring better services to the ailing person. In most cases, nurses are faced with technical situations that require them to make sensible decisions while taking into consideration the welfare of the client and family members (Bratz & Sandoval-Ramirez, 2018). Such challenging moments call for the caregivers to critically apply the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice to ensure they optimally attend to the customers appropriately. Morals allow nurses to detect ethical dilemmas in the work environment and make sound judgments and practical decisions according to their values and beliefs while maintaining their conduct within the laws that govern their profession. Based on the current health status of Mr. Newcomb, I would approve the request to meet his mistress. First, Mr. Newcomb is at a critical stage of pancreatic cancer, and having in mind all the pain he is going through; it would be appropriate to consider his wish. Currently, he is under hospice care, where the main focus is to ensure he receives quality time and comfort experience before his death time. At this point, anything that makes Mr. Newcomb happy matters most for his life. He needs something that can make him happy to lengthen his days. Disapproving the request would diminish the trust Mr. Newcomb has in me, and he will probably start withdrawing his attention from my services, which will be disastrous for his health. Therefore, to maintain the connection and ensure he receives quality care, I would ensure his desires are met. The practice will be good for the patient’s health, but for his wife, it would sound like a betrayal. As a nurse, I will make it secret after inquiring about the relationship between Mr. Newcomb and the mistress from him. Once I realize the relationship is healthy, I will formulate a way of allowing the patient to meet his friend. Principle of Beneficence In healthcare, the principle of beneficence requires a nurse to be kind and act in a way that benefits the patient. Caregivers are expected to support the welfare of sick individuals by preventing any harm while preserving moral rules (Giles et al., 2018). In the case of Mr. Newcomb, he wanted to meet his mistress, and the action would bring him joy and happiness that, in return, improved his health condition. Allowing interaction between the patient and the visitor is an act that follows the moral of beneficence. At the same time, keeping it a secret from their wife is protecting him from guilt and fear that would cause his status to deteriorate abnormally, reducing the number of his days to live. Principle of Non-Maleficence The principle of non-maleficence prohibits nurse practitioners from engaging in any action intentionally that can harm the patient. Based on the case of Mr. Newcomb, rejecting his request would cause him stress and pain following the sensitiveness of the wish. Therefore, findin
Introduction For a business organization to be successful, it is important to have a clear description of all the job levels and ensure that all of the employees who are recruited have the skills that are requisite to perform the given job. With this in mind, situations such as the one facing Dirt Finder could have been avoided with the right human resource management procedures and instituting decisions to address the same from the very beginning. Importance of job analysis, job design and written job descriptions From the management point of view, restructuring Dirt Finder Professional Vacuum Cleaner Company requires an in-depth analysis of three main management principles which include Job Analysis, Job design and written job description (Campion & Thayer, 2001). Job analysis is a clear manner of defining the specific job role, what the job entails, entry requirements and the kind of duties expected of each employee for the position. In using this tool for the Human management decisions, it is easy to determine the required education level, skills and training for the particular position. It also helps to determine the effectiveness of the position towards realizing the organizational goals, As the managers conduct job analysis, they are able to analyze the resources and effectively put down sound policies towards achieving the organizational goals. It equally forms the bench mark for analyzing demand and supply, recruiting new employees, looking at enhancing employees’ performance and increasing the capacity of their skills (Garry, 2000). In view of the factors outlined above Dirt Finder Professional Vacuum Cleaner Company could at the earlier stages, have looked into the possibilities of instituting Job Description due to the profound advantages that it brings to an organization. Job descriptions serve as legal and also practical functions. From a legal point of view, job descriptions would have helped the company in complying with various laws as it provides a critical basis for job evaluation, comparing wages and fair salary structure. From the practical angle, it assists the job holder to understand the duties and responsibilities expected of him while in the organization and what duties and responsibilities he/she is expected to perform while articulating these duties into the general organization’s goal matrix. Job Study Areas Job design is of value to the organization and operation managers. As there are various design alternatives that the company could adopt, it is also worth noting that the specific design process chosen af
Lene is an Artist/Photographer born in Norway, presently living in Philadelphia with her two sons and a loving partner. Having graduated from the University of Gloucestershire, England, She has managed to grow a considerable experience in the field, transforming her greatest passion into a successful occupation. First venturing into photography in 1999, she quickly became enthralled with the fundamental principles that make a photograph great: lighting, balance, composition and the use of space. Lene is determined to capture the profound beauty of all the things around her, bringing a unique creative twist into the process. Lene has had an opportunity to work in a large variety of creative mediums, utilizing the skills acquired in a number of projects. The art she makes, as one of the most expressive parts of her being, reflects Lene’s interest in both culture and travel. The use of paint, charcoal, and mosaic in her art creates a clever juxtaposition of the real world. Lene’s personal style is an extension of her own character, radiating a mixture of peace and joyfulness, creating a reflection of herself in her works. The pieces have been showcased in solo and group exhibitions around the world. The heart project, led by Lene, has been making a continuous effort to work with people of all ranges of disabilities, as a pathway to changing the longstanding social and cultural perceptions often held in society. It can be seen as a way to alter the global view of disabled people and combat negative stigma. Art made by Lene strives to celebrate and reflect the full spectrum of the human experience, highlighting the beauty of each person!
The article “Not Reading” by Stephen Henighan starts with an author’s appeal to the reading; he states that reading the book can provide essential insight to the reader. Moreover, the book creates an alternative reality, which the reader finds attractive to follow. The author emphasizes the role of reading in shaping the world; however, the article also narrates the process of reading, which can swallow the person. It is interesting to look at how Henighan sees modern reading and how it differs from natural. Previously, many changes and fundamental manifestations were axiomatically influenced by writings. Henighan also claims that he saw many students reading books in his university years. However, the author says that the era of natural reading is over; smartphones and other devices substituted books. The author argues that all events that we read in any source flow past us, and everything we do on our gadgets is not reading. The article makes me think about the value of a real book. Henighan states that books used to be the source of social changes. For instance, books “inspired acts of rebellion” after society witnessed secularization (Henighan, 2021, p. 1). It is impossible to disagree with the author when he says that all information now is “equally available” for people to acquire (Henighan, 2021, p. 2). I agree that nowadays information has become easy to get and share, and it undermines its value. The natural book is undervalued; we read something, but we are not into it. “No one remembers forever characters encountered in an ebook” is a powerful thought that reflects the essence of modern reading (Henighan, 2021, p.3). For example, recently, I have read the article online, and it was fascinating and easy to grasp. However, the next day I forgot what I read, and it felt sorrowful. The paper echoes in each of us because we live in the era of fast-food information. Reference Henighan, S. (2021). Not Reading. Web.
State of California The state of California has recently passed a bill that allows doctors and nurses to assist the death of patients by unconscious dehydration. The bill also allows the family members of a mentally disabled person where the nurse is of the view that the person would not live more than a year, to authorize total sedation. The sedation would leave the mentally ill person without nutrition and hydration and the death would occur within the next four or five days. This authorization may be given by the family members to the medical personnel irrespective of the fact that whether the death is imminent or not within the stipulated period of one year. Total sedation is the process allowed by the bill which is an irreversible procedure normally used when the death of a patient is imminent. The assisted suicide bill has failed three times in the Assembly and this time the bill was tabled with a modification that the physician would use total sedation instead of lethal injection for assisting the patient to die (LifesiteNews.com, 2008). State of Oregon The bill passed by California allowing assisted suicide can be compared with the legislation adopted by Oregon State in this connection. Oregon passed the Death with Dignity Act in the year 1997. The purpose of the Act passed by Oregon is to enable terminally-ill patients to take their end-of-life decisions. According to the Act the terminally-ill patients can request for ending their lives through voluntary self-administration of lethal prescriptions. The physicians are allowed to prescribe lethal injections and drugs to end the lives of terminally-ill patients. Unlike the Californian law, the Oregon Act prescribes certain conditions to be met by the patients for enabling them to get assistance from the physicians to die. The patients meeting the criteria under the Act must make two oral requests to the attending physicians. These two requests must be separated by at least 15 days. To get permission to get assistance from the physician, the patient must be of 18 years or older and must be a resident of Oregon. The patient sho
The adverse event of C.W. accident case In the case C.W. versus Regional Hospital, C.W. was involved in a road accident; he suffered head injuries, he also complained of pain and numbness in the middle of his shoulders. Considering the symptoms of the patient, the hospital recommended an X-ray that turned negative of any chances of fracture or dislocation. The patient was discharged from the hospital and referred to his family doctor for further medical attention. The most unfortunate thing in the C.W. versus Regional Hospital case was that the pain and numbness in the middle of the patient’s shoulders continued after the examination; further examination by a physician revealed that C.W. had three fractures and a displacement of C6-C7 vertebrae; the outcome was consistent with the patient’s pains. After the treatment C.W. had some restrictions when moving his neck. Error that occurred Although the regional hospital responded to the case fast and acted in good faith, some errors occurred; one of the errors was brought by using a defective machine that produced blurred images that were not sufficient to detect the fracture and displacement of the bones. Although the hospital had recommended an X-ray, it seems it never put much emphasis on the symptoms that the patient had and cleared the patient to his family doctor without a recommendation on actions to take in the event the symptoms persist. The condition of the patient After the accident, C.W. had a head injury that required to be stapled, this was effectively handled by the regional hospital; on the other hand, C.W. had been injured internally causing fracture and displacement of his C6-C7 bone. Who is to blame? Looking at the facts of the case, the regional medical care facility is to blame; the facility lacked the technology, expertise, and physical assets to offer high-quality medical services. The fact that their X-ray machine offered blurred images is an indication that there were some deficiencies in the whole X-rays system. Other than the X-ray results, the facility failed to give keen considerations to the symptoms that C.W. had, they tended to ignore and assume everything was in the right shape. As professionals medical practitioners at the regional hospital should not have ignored what the patient was complaining about, if the facility cannot solve the patient’s condition, they should have referred him to a facility with better facilities for specialized attention (Felland, Cunningham, Cohen, and November & Quinn, 2010). Other than the failure on medical attention provision, the regional facility released C.W. to his family doctor but made an impression that they had checked all
Abstract Motion sickness is a condition that commonly affects travelers. Many theories have been put in place to explain its pathogenesis. Many treatments have been tried, with pharmacotherapy being widely applied. This paper looks at the different available countermeasures. The paper is an article review that analyzes the findings of literature that has been done on some of the motion sickness countermeasures. The countermeasures are mainly the use of stroboscopic light, the use of habituation and adaptation training, and the traditional use of acupuncture and acustimulation. Pharmacotherapy is mainly the use of scopolamine. This drug, along with other drugs, has severe side effects. The most effective countermeasures are the pharmacological interventions. Scopolamine transdermal patch is effective with reduced side effects. Non-pharmacologic measures are less effective. Motion Sickness: Detailed Review of Different Countermeasures Motion sickness is a common condition in travelers. It is a common cause of distress in many people. Lackner (4) describes it as the normal universal physiological response to unusual perception of motion, whether real or apparent. The condition has significant effects on the travelling activities. It is currently the focus of many research articles and publications. The cause of the condition has been widely studied, with the available evidence pointing to the role of otoliths in its pathogenesis. Traditionally, the sensory inconsistency hypothesis was important in the causation of motion disease. However, new research has led to the formulation of more theories. One of the theorists suggests an association between the condition and genetic polymorphism that is observed in the alpha 2 adrenergic receptors, with these sensory systems causing heightened response to motion sickness and stress (4). There exist a number of physiological measures in the prediction and evaluation of the condition, but none of these has been associated with high sensitivity or specificity (4). The treatment and prevention of the condition is diverse, with pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures being applied. The pharmacological therapies have been widely applied. Research is currently ongoing to test some of the promising medication methods. According to Lackner (4), non-pharmacological measures are mainly based on the reduction of conflicting sensory inputs, accelerating the multi-sensory adaptation process, and the promotion of psychological factors that are recognized as favoring sensory adaptation. Centrally acting anticholinergic drugs and the H1 antihistamines are some of the most effective drugs treating motion sickness, with the only limiting factor being the adverse effects. Pilots, drivers, and other people who are engaged in such activities are not commonly advised to use these drugs as their side effect profile can affect their work output. Seasickness has been described as the most dramatic form of motion sickness. It ranks ahead of other forms of motion sickness such as train sickness, carsickness, and airsickness (4). A fifth
Introduction Biological psychology is a major branch in psychology that has been prominent since its beginning and remains a key area of research and training in most parts of the world. This paper will attempt to analyze biological psychology by defining it, examining its historical development and identifying associated important theorists. It will further depict the relationship between biological psychology and other psychology fields and finally describe key biopsychology assumptions. Definition Biological psychology (also referred to as biopsychology) is a branch of psychology that applies the principles of biology to the study of behavior that is, the study of psychology in terms of bodily mechanisms (Rosenzweig, Breedlove & Watson 2002, p. 18). Biopsychology looks at the link between biology and psychological events such as how information travels throughout our bodies (neural impulses, axons and dendrites, among others) and how different neurotransmitters affect sleep, dreams, and other behaviors. Historical development The idea that the mind and body work in unison and that this harmony should be used in psychological treatments dates back to the times and works of Paracelsus, Hippocrates and Avicenna. Each of these early practitioners saw man as a combination of interactions between the mind and body. They recognized the need to identify illness and disease as a result of the above connection. Paracelsus saw physical disorders as weakness within the mind and spirit, relating medicine to biopsychology. He believed in the mind-body connection to such an extent that he challenged other clinicians to find the spiritual insight to effectively heal and treat impaired individuals. Hippocrates also believed that both mind and physical approaches were required for effective healing. The Island of Coz, Hippocrates birth place, was reported to have special healing powers that extended beyond the earth. In addition, Avicenna also attempted to offer psychological explanations regarding various somatic illnesses. In this case, his explanations would almost always provide a link between on the one hand, psychological illnesses and on the other hand, physical illnesses (Rosenzweig, 2002, p. 81). For example, Avicenna hypothesized that when we are happy, this acts to heighten breath and as a result, the moisture content of the brain also increases. In contrast, when moisture exceeds certain limits, this may result in a loss in the rationality of the brain, leading to mental disorders. Theorists in biological psychology Galen ( AD 130–200), a physician of the Roman Empire was one of the first
The novel Saturday by Ian Mc Ewan does not appear to contain anything extraordinary element in it in the beginning. The novel revolves around the life of Henry Perowne, a successful neurosurgeon, who seems to be happy with his life and family. The novel is about how Perowne spends his Saturday and how the small insignificant parts of the days, which we tend to avoid, make our whole life. His family includes his wife, Rosalind, a newspaper lawyer, whom he loves, his daughter Daisy, who is a poet, and a son who is a very talented blues musician. Even though life Perowne is somewhat perfect, his thoughts reflect a kind of discomfort and confusion regarding the political situation of the country. Though Perowne is a surgeon by profession, his thoughts seem to be that of a deep thinker and philosopher. Mc Ewan describes Perowne as “a habitual observer of his moods; he wonders about this sustained, distorting euphoria” (Ewan 5). The novel takes place on February 15, 2003, the day a protest was held in London against the Iraq invasion. The political situation is sensed by the reader at the very beginning of the novel. Perowne has his whole day planned as it is his day off from work. Perowne has his whole routine in mind, i.e., playing squash, visiting his mother who is suffering from dementia, fixing dinner for his family, but as he performs these chores, he comes face to face with some hard realities. On his way to the game, Perowne has a little accident and encounters Baxter, a young man who appears to be dangerous at first, but soon he realizes that Baxter is suffering from the Huntington’s chorea and is somehow able to avoid the situation. It is this incident which keeps him thinking all day about his own life. Perowne has a habit to medically explain everything that is happening in his life, and it is because of this habit that he was able to tot detect something was wrong with Baxter. On his way to the squash game, the reader realizes that there is a big protest going on in the street, and this is when one comes to know about the political views of Perowne. He is confused about whether the country should go forward with the war or not because he seems to understand both sides of the argument. He knows through a client that it is better to overthrow Saddam Hussein but knowing the consequences of war, Perowne is not sure about the situation. One can tell that he is a very rational person who likes to analyze situations scientifically and understand the deeper meaning in them. It is this ability of his that makes him realize that even though his life is perfect and in control in his world, he has no control over the outside situation. Though it is never fully disclosed in the novel,