ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Product description The surfboards Rusty wants to market in Australia reflect the unique and cherished concave design the company has offered for years. Unlike other designers who emphasize on the rocker, Rusty designs emphasize on intermarrying all curves in the hope of producing a magic experience. The products will come in two varieties: the wide board and the narrow board. The wide boards are targeted for recreational surfers while narrow boards are designed for high-speed surfers such as sportsmen. The success of the surfboards in the Australian market lies in their unique designs that accommodate different kinds of surfers by enhancing the benefits sought by Australian consumers such as speed, safety, and convenience. Market description The surfing market in Australia is characterized by long stretches of beaches that surround the entire continent. These beaches stretch from the north to south and from east to west and are connected by road and railway infrastructures that pass through beautiful sceneries. These beaches have produced some of the world’s surfing champions and are a unique attraction to international surfers. Crown lands located along the coast of NSW province are some of the best surfing regions in the world. Along the western coastline are numerous beaches reserved for recreational surfers. The country is also adjacent to New Zealand which has numerous surfing reserves. Environment analysis Political analysis With the central role that surfing plays in the Australian economy, culture, and social life, the industry is controlled strictly by government entities. All companies that operate within the industry are expected to adhere to the set rules. Safety is a priority in Australian and Rusty as a maker of surfboards is expected to observe safety when designing its surfboards. Protection of surfing reserves is also important in the Australian market, and any firm involved in the business is expected to participate. In addition to regulations, the political relation between the US and Australia does not work to the advantage of Rusty. Economic analysis The surfing industry in Australia is far much developed when compared to other markets in the world. The industry is worth billions of dollars, which guarantee firms a share of the revenue. However, this industry is characterized by stiff competition from home and foreign companies. Indeed, the surfboard manufacturing is dominated by Australian and Chinese firms. While the Australian firms are firmly established, taking the large share of the market, the Chinese firms are penetrating the market with cheaply priced surfboards. This is a big threat to Rusty considering their premium-priced, hand-made skateboards. Cultural analysis According to Farmer and Short (2007), Australians remain the leading country interacting recreationally with surfing and surfing reserves are compared to cultural sites, sporting arenas, heritage, and religious
Online prostitution associated with advertising erotic services with the help of such Internet sites as Craigslist.com and Backpage.com can be discussed as an important community problem typical for the state of Florida. In spite of its complex character, the immediate problem was effectively solved through such a law enforcement initiative as the S.T.O.P. (“Stop The Online Prostitution”) operation in 2009. Thus, S.T.O.P., as a state’s law enforcement initiative, was designed to realize a series of arrests connected with the issue of online prostitution in Florida. The success of the operation and the necessity to provide the complex solution to the problem made the state authorities focus more on developing other law enforcement initiatives to address online prostitution and repeat the success of the S.T.O.P. operation in 2009. To understand the role of this law enforcement initiative for the community’s stability, it is necessary to refer to the general idea of law enforcement initiatives and to Florida’s laws related to such crimes as prostitution. Law enforcement initiatives are usually the community-based programs and strategies which are promoted by the government and focused on reducing a certain types of crimes in the community, district, or state (Conser, Paynich, & Gingerich, 2011, p. 28). According to the state’s law, prostitution in Florida is defined as “the giving or receiving of the body for sexual activity for hire but excludes sexual activity between spouses” ( The 2014 Florida Statutes , 2014). Therefore, it is unlawful to “offer to commit, or to commit, or to engage in, prostitution, lewdness, or assignation” and “to aid, abet, or participate in any of the acts or things enumerated in this subsection” ( The 2014 Florida Statutes , 2014). Prostitution related crimes are the reality in Florida because of the activities of such websites as Craigslist.com and Backpage.com which propose the lists of erotic services in the form of online advertisements. Craigslist.com and Backpage.com are the largest websites which provide the space for free advertisements classified as “adult services”. These websites are discussed as the threat to the communities’ activities in Florida because of indirectly supporting online prostitution in the United States ( Volusia County, Sheriff’s Office, 2009). It is rather difficult to address the problem of online prostitution in the United States because, using the Internet, almost any person can offer and promote sex services anonymously. Referring to the provided anonymity, prostitutes can avoid law enforcement while contributing to increasing the rates of sex crimes in Florida and other states of the country. The S.T.O.P. operation is a law enforcement initiative which was developed in 2009 in order “to catch prostitutes, who use popular websites to advertise services” ( Vol
Problem Even though the role of women in the workplace increased significantly, there is still some bias in the perception of female leaders. In particular, the same behavior conducted by male and female leaders is evaluated differently with the priority given to men. Due to the more favorable attitude to male leadership, women have to encounter more barriers to their professional growth and development associated with sex effects. In this regard, the suggested study focuses on transformational and transactional leaders of both sexes to reveal the role of gender in their evaluations. Supporting their research with the evidence, Powell, Butterfield, and Bartol (2008) note that the recent field studies identified the so-called “female advantage” that implies the higher rating for women leaders while others indicate their discrimination. Therefore, the problem is the disadvantaged position of transactional and transformational female leaders. Hypotheses The authors of the article present two hypotheses each of which has two subsections. The congruity theory presents the basis for the first hypothesis that assumes that gender-role-congruent leaders will be evaluated higher rather than their non-congruent colleagues. The authors provide the rational for their hypothesis by reviewing the key characteristics of the mentioned theory, according to which women tend to employ transformational leadership style due to their inherent feature of nurturance, and men are more prone to use transactional leadership that is caused by their intrinsic aggression. The second hypothesis focuses on the social identity theory, implying the adherence to the same social groups on the basis of sex, interests, etc. Thus, it is suggested that female evaluators would access same sex leaders more favorably than those of the opposite sex, and men would act in the same manner. Study Relevance The need for this study is dictated by the contemporary issues in the field of leadership, especially the role of female leaders and their perception by others. There are plenty of scholarly studies on the given theme, yet many of them are controversial. While some researches emphasize the disadvantages position of female leaders that impedes their professional development, others indicate their advantaged status and opportunities to climb the career ladder. With this in mind, the authors assume that gender and the type of leadership may play the core role in the evaluation of female leader performance. This is the first study that attempts to compare and contrast the mentioned leadership styles in the context of gender, thus facilitating the need for change and proper understanding of the situation. The authors expect to verify the prior research to contribute to both theory and practice. Methodology The methods of survey and descriptive statistics compose the methodology of this study. In particular, 459 MBA students completed surveys after reading the vignettes written by transactional and
Introduction A cloud platform is a hardware which has an operating system of a server within an internet-based data infrastructure. It allows hardware and software products to exist dependently at a scale. There are several cloud computing models, each working perfectly for different users. Generally, the models allow organizations to develop cloud-native, build and test applications to store, back up, and recover data (Aery, 2018). Examples of cloud platforms are Open Stack and Own Cloud; each have different applications and limitations in the Cloud computing realm. Open Stack is an exemplary cloud computing system controlling massive storage and networking infrastructure at the data centers (Lima, Rocha, & Roque, 2017). Cloud operating system is managed via dashboards which give administrators full control of the system while empowering multiple users by availing resources via the web interface. Own Cloud is a personal, unique open-source file server allowing secure collaboration, sharing, and storage of files (Naranjo, Prieto, Moltó, & Calatrava, 2019). Cloud platforms play significant roles in an organization using different configuration procedures and guidelines. Strengths of Open Stack Platform The advantages of the open stack platform include:   * Allowing orchestration – Platforms without access to orchestration remain stagnated in a confined environment. Orchestration is a comprehensive program providing the required infrastructure depending on certain application necessities, such as multi-tier support.   * Enabling faster innovation – The platform’s structure allows self-service operations offering individuals better opportunities to access and enhance IT through development and experiments of new ideas.   * Promoting resource utilization and scalability – Users can spin down and spin up servers easily, thus, offering a wider degree of scalability. If a department experiences a reduction in the demand for IT resources, certain computing resources can be redirected to other departments which are in need.   * Open source – Openness allows users to create a sophisticated software data center by modifying cloud Application Programming Interface (API). This aids in enhancing subsystem usage and integration of computing resources. Weaknesses of Open Stack Platform   * The platform takes longer to be implemented because it requires a sharp learning curve. When training new staff on using the platform, the learning process might take time before the staff fully implement knowledge and skills learned.   * Open Stack platform lacks the mechanism to support and accommodate out-of-box incorporation. For instance, if an IT department decides to integrate hybrid cloud technology into their infrastructure, the department will experience challenges since the A
On a recent visit to a nearby hospital, I realized that Dr. Google nowadays appears to understand more than our family medicine specialist. While in the consultation unit I explained my condition to a somewhat tousled and exhausted nurse. He listened keenly and then requested for a minute as he keyed in certain phrases into Google. “Precisely then,” the nurse continued cheerfully,” you are suffering from…” and continue to evaluate my sickness and recommend the right medicine to deal with my situation. I was left wondering. What was the nurse undertaking searching it up from Google? I anticipated that the nurse would possess sufficient know-how to understand what I was suffering from. And what would happen in case the internet is nonfunctional? Would the nurse just assume? This reminded me of this situation and my response to issues arising while analyzing Super Crunchers. The author’s recent work tackles this very query-what are the correct applications of information and how can lessons are drawn from the book be utilized together with the perception and know-how of this doctor? Ian Ayres, a professor and lecturer of law, has published an informative and greatly relevant material that rests simply along with such topics as “The Tipping Point” and “Blink”. Ayres’s core objective is for people to remain focused at certain important periods in history-perceptive decision making processes are currently being replaced with information crunching and may in the future be surpassed by it. Ian holds that he that refuses to appreciate the power of greatly supported information examination will forfeit his/her economical advantage and may in future fall behind he that adopts the likelihoods of this new sector (Ayres 23). Ian claims that a few elements have made the gathering, evaluation, and application of information necessary instruments for the state, organization, and clients. As the data storage costs decrease it turns out to be possible for an organization to gather and stock up large volumes of information. Additionally, a rising volume of business deals are “digital” therefore the gathering of information has become less expensive and faster (Ayres 23). The two elements coupled with the rising use of laptops imply that information-founded decision-making is among the rapidly expanding and most significant establishments in the contemporary world. All through the book, Ian utilizes the phrase “super crunching” as an implication for the informal but more popularly utilized phrase “data mining”. For the last two decades, information mining has originated from the associated sectors of descriptive statistics, nonnatural acumen, electronic information processing (EIP), and learning organizations. Information mining differentiates itself from such fields since it deals with a large data store that is valued in terabytes (10 12 bytes). Information mining involve
Poverty exists when one lacks typical socially acceptable things or possessions. People who are in poverty lack basic needs vary from one context to another. The common understanding of basic needs is things necessary for continued existence. Many people around the globe face the problem of poverty. Poverty links to human population and their activities on the environment. The human population affects the environment negatively due to poverty resulting to environmental degradation and a cycle of poverty. Poverty and the environment Poverty and the environment are interlinked as poverty leads to degradation of the environment. On the other hand, the issues of poverty eradication and degradation of the environment are often treated separately hence failure in addressing the issues effectively and reducing poverty around the globe. Human activities have led to destruction of the environment and the trend shows that there is a bleak future ahead unless the destructive activities on the environment are halted or regulated to avoid destroying the environment further as the future generations are in jeopardy (Ezeonu, 2004). For instance, people living in poverty destroy natural resources such as forests to clear land to plant food. Consequently, deforestation leads to environment challenges like flooding. Moreover, the high number of human population also causes destruction of the environment when people live on land near rivers and clear tracts of forests to inhabit. World poverty Close to forty per cent of the world’s total population live in poverty according to World Bank estimate in 2004(Whitman, 2008). Explosion in population causes a strain on the environment and pushes millions of people into poverty. Poverty varies from one country to another and poverty in developing countries is dire than in the developed countries. Poverty depends on class, race and gender. For example, more women than men live in poverty (Kendall, 2009). The poor struggle in their lives as they are disadvantaged in the society and often face prejudice of being lazy. World poverty is caused by a number of factors such as inequality of resource distribution, wars and conflicts, natural disasters such as earthquakes, flooding and droughts, degradation of the environment and social inequality among others. It is important to note that the levels of world poverty have reduced with global economic growth but many people are still living in poverty. Persistence of global poverty The reasons for persistence of world poverty are things such as discriminatory trade policies that favor only the developed countries at the international market and exploit the developing nati
Musique concrète is one of the types of electroacoustic music that unite instrumental sounds with natural ones, which are usually altered during recording processes. “Early musique concrète can be seen to belong to the world of radiophonic art, here without a sense of clear narrative normally associated with most radio plays.” (Landy 31) The father of this kind of music was Pierre Schaeffer, who presented his works at the end of the 1940s. The brightest representatives of musique concrète were such compositors as Pierre Henry, John Cage, Vladimir Ussachevsky, and Otto Luening. Their works and co-compositions are known to the whole world and make lost of listeners admire their creations. In 1950, a radio engineer and writer, Pierre Schaeffer, and his friend, a classical composer, Pierre Henry, united their skills and mastery and created a wonderful Symphonie pour Un Home Seul (Symphony for One Man Alone). (Holmes, 2008, 45) In order to create this 12-movement work, the authors recorded human body’s sounds. They did not want to concentrate on the sounds of cello, which were so familiar to the listeners of those times. They made use of steps, voices, and noises, which were so inherent to humans. This work was a real futuristic ideology. It was not similar to any previous music work; such a choice was rather dangerous, but really justified. This co-composition was one of the most successful ones in the middle of 1900s. Another representative of early musique concrète was John Milton Cage. This American composer, one of the pioneers of electronic music, turned out to be the most influential avant-garde musician. His originality, his marvelous ideas, his unique vision of mus
Introduction This Action research project is important in understanding why many English as Second Language students are not great academic achievers in a mainstream classroom. This will help me in understanding and coming up with strategies to use in counteracting the effects of the situation. The research project will include an understanding of the problem with the help of the problem statement and consequently, secondary research will be conducted to get a deeper understanding of the issue. Later, primary information will be obtained from the subjects and it will be analyzed using the appropriate tools. Subsequently, relevant recommendations will be made to help address the issue. Action Research Defined Action research entails the use of research methods to investigate current problems. Teachers and administrators mainly engage in action research as individuals, or in groups since they are in the process of developing the best local solutions and practices to help students improve their performance. Qualitative and quantitative research methods are applied solely or collectively. Problem Statement The problem is that many English as Second Language Students are not successful in a mainstream classroom. This is because of various factors that lack in students’ learning environment and more specifically, am
Introduction Have you ever wondered why your unique business stopped working? Are you following trends and changing the company to satisfy consumers? Business model innovation is a great way to improve your business and take it to the next level. Business innovation allows you to adjust strategies and grow your company. BMI is a set of innovative solutions for business promotion and distribution. The first part will define the terms “cognitive differentiation” and “cognitive integration”. The second part will discuss the principles of BMI in more detail. The third part focuses on ontological humility and the relationship to biases and decisions. The study of reciprocal influences allows organizations to function successfully and take into account society’s cognitive features. Cognition The innovations of business models are inherently linked to the concepts that shape human cognitive functions. Egfjord & Sund (2020b) discuss the ideas of cognitive differentiation and cognitive integration applicable to different business models. In “Do you see…” the authors draw attention to radical innovations in business and the need to adapt to them (Egfjord & Sund, 2020b). Attention is drawn to the differences in cognitive processes that can contribute to understanding the barriers to cognition. In “A modified Delphi…” the authors explain the benefits of the Delphi model and its organization through cognitive mapping (Egfjord & Sund, 2020a). Understanding these mechanisms is impossible without defining the terminology used by the authors. Cognitive differentiation is understood as the dimensions of a person’s meaning or constructs revealed to him in his systems of meaning. It is reasonable to use a differentiation grid, which describes the measure of a person’s professional complexity (Murray, 2008). Applying this definition to business strategies and innovations, one can argue for a person’s diversity and ability to assume future outcomes of events (Wilkinson & Dewell, 2019). Cognitive integration describes the very process of a person’s penetration of knowledge into his professional activities, allowing him to innovate (Murray, 2008). The term provides a clear picture of the relationships within an organization and how to improve its effectiveness. By relying on human c
The tastes of women concerning handbags and purses have changed tremendously over the years (Huey, 2009). The uses of handbags and purses have also changed with time in society. The emergence of bags dates back to ancient Egypt in which people carried pouches around their waists. These pouches were decorated with embroidery and were used to carry personal items such as jewelry. They also served as a status symbol among the elite of the society (Steele, 1999). Handbags became more popular in the 16 th century in which they were mainly used as travelers’ companions (Cox, 2007). They had little use for fashion or symbols of status. In the 17 th century the use of bags as travelers’ companions became more popular. However, in this period the bags were more decorated with embroidery. Consequently they were also used as fashion artifacts among women. In the 18 th century, the fashion focus shifted to clothes (Cox, 2007). In this