ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In every firm, regardless of the industry, the gathered raw data needs organization, summarization, and visualization to turn the data into useful information. Evans and William (2014) show that statistics entails the knowledge associated with data gathering, organization, examination, clarification, and presentation. From a biblical perspective, statistics entails summing up and numbering. In Numbers 1:2, the Lord commanded Moses to, “Take ye the sum of all congregation of the children of Israel, after their families, by the house of their fathers, with the number of their names, every male by their polls” ( King James Bible , 2017). The authors further point out that about Six Sigma, statistical understanding is significant since it helps comprehend possible data trends, patterns, and changes in a specific time (Evans and Williams, 2014). As a healthcare administrator, this knowledge is essential since it will assist in understanding how my organization compares its performance relative to its rivals, business units, and best-in-class benchmarks while acknowledging the association among various metrics. Descriptive statistics represents how data is numerically and visually presented and might include charts, histograms, and frequency distributions in the organization and presentation of information. Database software like Access and Microsoft Excel facilitates how data can be summarized by every employee (Evans and Williams, 2014). As a healthcare administrator, the application of descriptive statics will be essential since it helps in minimizing the overall time required for inpatient admission, treatment, and discharge from the appropriate hospital department. Furthermore, under my administration, the application of such software will allow my subordinates to quickly access patient information on the precise admission and discharge times. That will significantly help my subordinates to control the severity of a patient’s health condition. Further, as Cox et al. (2014) show, by application of the theory of constraints, in tandem with statistical measures understanding, healthcare facilities can also provide patients with the needed care and grow their revenues. As such, under my administration, the employment of statistical measures will be critical. That will be the case since it will enable my facility to afford its patients with on-time appointments, allow for efficiency in the rooming process, and facilitate smooth handoffs. The most significant descriptive statistics and formulas are mean, median, mode, and variance. Denoted by the Greek letter µ, mean is a summary representation of the whole dataset using a single number as the typical value (Kros and Ro
Introduction iBooks have become very common in the teaching and learning environment (Levy, 1999). Their application has made the process of teaching and learning particularly enjoyable as they provide interesting sessions where the students can get illustrations for better understanding of the content of the book or other materials (Blane, 2003). Teachers find this software advantageous as well since it has immensely reduced their workload meaning that they are no longer need to prepare their lesson plans on a daily basis because all the required information can be saved in the iBook. These plans can be used for years unlike the printed ones that usually get worn out, and as such, there appears a need to prepare others with similar content, which might be tiring and taking a lot of time. iBooks have modernized and changed the education system whereby before the technological progress, teachers used boards and chalk to explain the materials of the lesson. It was tiresome for some and even harmful to the others (Levy, 1999) For example, it is unsuitable to those teachers who are allergic to chalk dust. In the modern learning systems, the teachers very often use iPods in order to engage the students in discussions. Moreover, assignments can also be given to the students in soft copy (Minkel, 2003). A variety of books can be allocated by the teacher with the help of iBooks because they can be accessed easily by everyone, and they are inexpensive. The fact that higher costs are associated with print text means that teachers can either purchase fewer print-based textbooks or opt for more iBook supporting electronic texts. Having access to a greater variety of texts encourages the students to read and develop a researching culture (Minkel, 2003). Thus, it can be stated that the iBook helps both the teachers and the students create a library of their choice This application has improved the education sector and learning process as through the embracement of this technology, students are able to access the teacher’s notes even when they are away from school (Blane, 2003). It has helped to curb the communication obstacles of effective learning. The teaching environment has also become conducive for those instructors who have a lot of sessions to teach. They can now comfortably manage all of them since they do not have to carry books and other materials with them (Minkel, 2003). All their teaching materials can be stored in the iBook which has made the teaching enjoyable and comfortable. Due to this innovation, the teaching profession has moved to another level. Variables   * Independent variable. Using of iBooks at school.   * Dependent variables. The impact on learning as measured by the performance of the students General review The iBook has been given much credit when it comes to the improvement of academic status (Minkel, 2003). Students were the major target when the introduction of this application was taking place. It is important to note that Apple Company has contributed greatly to the embracement of technology at schools
Introduction Within the recent years,the e-commerce retailing market is rapidly growing and maturing. Creating the specialized website, Superdry has penetrated into the e-commerce market successfully. At the same time, the design of the website requires further improvements as well integration of the social media options for the purpose of attracting new customers and retaining the old ones. The peculiarities of the spheres of the e-commerce and the clothing market need to be taken into consideration for assessing the associated risks. Research findings According to the results of the recent market research, Superdry not only obtains all the necessary characteristics of a successful retailer, including high quality product, strong brand name and recognizable brand identity, but also looks for new opportunities for penetrating new markets and utilizing new channels by re-assessing their digital strategy. Superdry as a clothing brand remains popular among various demographic groups (Cotter “Is Superdry Still Fashionable?”). The tactic which was chosen by the designers, namely the combination of the features of Chinese and American street-wear styles was rather risky but appeared to be successful (Phong “Brand Pofile: Street-Wear Label Superdry”). Realizing the benefits of the penetration into the e-commerce market, Superdry pays attention to improving the customer’s interface and incorporating new options into the e-commerce retailing site of the company for the purpose of increasing the customer’s satisfaction with the services and attracting the continuous customers. The analysis of the market Within the recent years, a tendency for the rapid growth in the sphere of the European e-market has been observed with more than 25% of growth in sales per year. For example, in 2009 the e-market sales in Europe reached $307, 1 billion as compared to $ 196.9 billion in 2007 and $ 255.7 billion in 2008. According to the forecast for the e-sales in the year 2011, it is expected to be more than $ 400 billion (“European E-Commerce to Reach 323 Billion Euros in 2011”.) This statistic data and the experts’ forecast for the future growth demonstrate that the investments into the sphere of e-commerce are expected to be profitable. Graph 1 (Adapted from Marketing Charts Website ) Though the clothes are one of the products requiring trial fittings with the emphasized importance of the color integrity, the clothing is one of the most successful spheres of e-commerce (“The E-Commerce Market: Size and Trends”). With the quick maturation of the e-market, companies cannot rely on the prolonged period of its development and should pay proper attention to the development of the sphere in a timely manner (Rigby “Social Commerce Set to Be Key in 2011”). The criticism of the interface The success of the e-commerce strategies depends upon the convenience of the interface of the company’s web site. In that regard, the design of Superdry website is not consumer-friendly, limiting the opportunities for filtering the products by colour, price and style. Anoth
From the beginning, the Confederates and the Union forces had an almost equal strength when it came to manpower, but as the war continued the Union forces grew in number as it was able to isolate some of the Southern states (West, 2006, para. 19). Confederate planners and ordinary folks believed that guerrillas would be a significant component of their armed base; however, common soldiers had to be the main actors because the war could not be won by mere guerrillas. Confederates considered the war a “people’s war.” There were disadvantages to this type of war. Guerrilla war produces vigilantism and “outright outlawry” which make civilians victims rather than the protected ones. The Confederate leadership felt suspicious of the members of the guerrilla forces and so the guerrilla war failed because the Forces underestimated its capability. The guerrilla war came out to be a war with “its own rules, its own chronology, its own turning points, and its own heroes, villains, and victims. At the same time, it also formed part of the wider war. It influenced the strategy and logistics of conventional campaigns, the political culture, the morale of soldiers and civilians, the southern economy, and ultimately, the very nature of the conflict.” (Sutherland, 2002, p. 262) The guerrilla warfare held promise as demonstrated by its many successes. On 23 March 1862, Colonel James Carter of the Second East Tennessee Infantry, United States Army, led a group of Tennessee volunteers, along with the Forty-Ninth Indiana Volunteers, to proceed to Big Creek Gap passing through Boston. When they reached the foot of the mountain, Colonel Carter received information that they were to encounter a rebel cavalry at Big Creek Gap. Colonel Carter divided his volunteers into two with one group under the charge of Lieutenant Colonel Kcigwin and the other one under his command. After an ascent of about 9 miles to the mountain, they surprised the enemy led by Lieutenant Colonel John White. After a short period of fighting, the rebels were defeated and many of them ran to different direction. Many were killed and wounded while fifteen rebels were taken prisoners. The attackers were a group of guerrillas from the Union Forces. (United States War Department et al., 1884) There were many disadvantages and instances of failure in the conduct of guerrilla war. Instances of how people wanted to form and employ guerrilla tactics or schemes could be seen from these phrases taken from the database on “War on the Rebellion.” A Louisianian announced that it was very advantageous for “a regiment of mounted men, on the guerrilla order,” on the southern parts of his state, and so he asked that he be allowed
Introduction Purchasing and supply management involves critical steps of procurement, storing, and monitoring the general flow of goods in a store. It does not matter whether goods are for retail or otherwise. The manager in charge of this portfolio also takes care of the well-being of the workforce. The purchasing and supply role is also referred to as procurement. Issued addressed in the procurement project For many organizations, including those that are upcoming and the established ones, purchasing and supply management is an essential aspect. The description of a purchasing manager’s role includes determining appropriate suppliers and negotiating with suppliers in the process of buying raw materials or equipment. The purchasing and supply manager works in conjunction with the cost analyst and finance professionals to acquire products that are cost efficient and quite durable. The manager should compare the products with the existing ones while considering the aspect of price, service value, and returns to be derived from the product. Suppliers are individuals or businesses that provide goods or services to various vendors in exchange for an agreed upon payment (Johnson, Flynn & Leenders, 2011). The purchasing manager of Rich Manufacturing Company was leading a team that had the responsibility of advising the company on some vital issues. Finding the right and appropriate supplier is extremely valuable when answering the question on the acquisition of the right machine. The sourcing decision entails finding an appropriate supplier who can meet the requirements. In most cases, the criterion used includes weighing a number of factors. These factors are price, durability, maintenance cost, depreciation, and revenue expected to be derived from the use of the machine (Johnson, Flynn & Leenders, 2011). However, when the equipment is rare in the market, reverse marketing is applied. This demands consideration of suppliers that hold the highest potential before they are given essential materials. The feedback is then evaluated while considering the various factors. However, when dealing with a product that can be found in the market, Rich Manufacturing uses a viable bidding process in choosing the supplier. This encompasses slight or no mediation compared to the other strategy. A tender document is prepared to request for the price quotation regarding the product. The prices and conditions of the product are also stipulated in a clear manner. Here, the contract is awarded to the bidder with the least amount but capable of delivering. In the earlier case of reverse marketing, open negotiations are conducted. In this regard, the second alternative is not included because the negotiations are likely to lead to an agreement. After successful vendor analysis, the appropriate supplier is located. Thereafter, the purchasing function shifts attention to ensure that all parties fulfill their obligations. Rich Manufacturing Company further evaluates the shortlisted suppliers using a common ground. Once the appropriate supp
That by 1845 the population of Ireland had increased and was increasing there is no doubt whatever. But any attempt to discuss the rate of, or the reasons for this increase is seriously handicapped by deficiencies in the statistical material at our disposal. For the numbers of the Irish population in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries all we have are estimates, which range from earnest computations based on imperfect materials to wild and biased guesses. Poverty and destitution were widespread in Ireland in the first half of the nineteenth century. The rapid industrialisation of Great Britain in the early nineteenth century provided a multitudinous and miscellaneous variety of openings for Irish labour and cheap and fast transport between the islands. By 1841 there were over 400,000 people of Irish birth resident in Great Britain, most of them being settled in London, Manchester, Liverpool and Glasgow. Given a scrap of land the Irish peasant could throw up a cabin to shelter his family and grow the potatoes which formed their staple diet. Now the Irish land system permitted a man to obtain with delusive ease the basis of a meagre and uncomfortable life. The easy-going and unenterprising methods on which most Irish estates were managed, the desire for quick returns during the great war at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the wish of the Irish farmer to secure labour without bothering about money wages, and the anxiety of many landlords to increase their political prestige and pull by multiplying freeholders on their estates, encouraged sub-division (Foster 1990). If the most productive use was to be made of the soil, it was clear that Irish rural economy required to be reorganized. And only two forces, the state or the Irish landowners, could be expected to undertake the task. The former was inhibited partly by lack of the requisite machinery and knowledge, and partly by respect for the dominant laissez-faire outlook which assumed that if the state intervened in economic affairs it would probably blunder badly and certainly interrupt the healthy and harmonious play of natural forces. The ramshackle, ill-balanced Irish agricultural system not only failed to provide a satisfactory and productive economic existence for the majority of those engaged in it, but in addition it exercised a crippling effect on Irish industrial development (Tuathaigh, 2007). The Irish textile industries just before the famine present a series of contrasts. Silk, after a long struggle, was almost dead, and wool which had been declining seemed to have stabilized itself at a low level, cotton after a period of feverish expansion had fallen into an intensifying depression from which it was never to emerge, and the securely established linen industry, while u
Theories and Techniques Just-in-time (JIT) is a manufacturing and inventory strategy that companies use for increasing efficiency and decreasing waste by receiving goods only when they are needed in the process of production (“Just in time – JIT,” n.d.a). Toyota Production System (TPS) is based on making vehicles that customers order in the most efficient way for delivering them as quick as possible (Toyota, 2017). TPS aligns with the ideas of just-in-time inventory and lean. Lean manufacturing is an approach that is based on finding the most efficient approach for removing any wasteful steps that do not add value to the end product (MT Team, 2017). All three concepts are related in a way that they enable manufacturers to focus on efficiency and removal of waste without compromising the quality of the end product. On the bright side, JIT, TPS, and lean reduce inventory costs; on the downside, it requires manufacturers to be extremely accurate when forecasting demand. With regards to Toyota, just-in-time, TPS, and lean encouraged the company to pull materials forward when they were needed, with components produced and received in small lots. On the other hand, the overall system was not risk-free (Schmidt & Simchi-Levi, 2013). For instance, if there were disturbances in the information or material flow, the manufacturing stages can be significantly undermined. Sustainability Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is an accounting framework that includes tree performance dimensions: social, environmental, and financial (Slaper & Hall, 2011). Three Ps are the dimensions of the TBL: people, planet, and profits (Slaper & Hall, 2011). To enhance operations management in Toyota, the management should address its three dimensions. First, there should be a shift of focus on the fair treatment of employees by enacting favorable practices. Second, Toyota should implement sustainable practices and reduce its environmental impact. Such practices can range from recycling programs to the usage of only sustainable materials (“Triple bottom line,” n.d.). Third, the company should align its financial bottom line with the sustainable practices and social responsibility since the largest consumer demographic is willing to pay for sustainable goods (“Triple bottom line,” n.d.). The ISO 14000 standards provide manufacturers with measurements for dealing with their environmental impact by integrating the environmental considerations into the pro
The question regarding equality was urgent throughout the history of humankind. The primary purpose of the paper is to provide the in-depth analysis regarding a possible decision made by the Supreme Court of the United States regarding the case Brown v. Board of Education (1954) in the case that would be a different era of the Supreme Court, namely the Lochner Era. To get a better understanding regarding the issue, the question concerning the Loncher Era of the Supreme Court should be taken into consideration. As a matter of fact, the epoch lasted from 1895 till 1937 (Pope, 2013). It is worth stating that during this period, the urgent discussions regarding the fourteenth amendment took place across the Unite Stated. It is essential to point out that the fourteenth amendment can be considered as the most democratic amendment throughout the history of America. It was focused on the proclamation of the quality among all the citizens of the United Stated no matter race or skin color. In addition, it was stated that every state that would ignore the amendment should be punished. The period of Loncher solved the economic problem regarding the working hours and the level of wage. The case Brown v. Board of Education was a turning point in the history of the United States. The case proved that the separation of students on the basis of their skin color is unconstitutional (Tisdale, 2013). The decision of the Supreme Court was significant for the fight for human rights and the establishment of equality. However, it should be stressed that the decision of the Supreme Court might be different in other time, for example, Loncher Era. Although the fourteenth amendment was focused on human rights, it is worth highlighting that the society was not ready to change their attitude towards black people and be tolerant and respectful (Hall & Feldmeier, 2012). The decision regarding the case Brown v. Board of Education could be different during this era. Society needed something that could unite people and show that everyone needs to be respected no matter skin color or racial believes. Such stimulus for changing the opinion and attitude was the Second World War and the involvement of the United States in it. The war proved that racial and national discrimination, fascism ideology, and the belief that one race is dominant could lead to severe consequences. During the Second World War, Afro-Americans proved that they worth respect and should be treated equally. The Civil War, the Loncher Era, the Second World War, and other significant events consequently led to the change of the attitude towards Afro-Americans. They came a long way towards the deserved equality and the case Brown v. Board of Education proved that racial or national peculiarities and differences should never be the reason for discrimination. The decision of the Supreme Court was expected; however, it would be nonsense in any other era. There is no place for racial discrimination in the democratic society, and the decision by the Supreme Court high