ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Human customs and taboos are in a constant state of change. This is evidenced by changes in the traditional role of male human beings. Men are traditional heads of the homes and can only partake of specifically designated roles with regard to custom. Slowly the society is turning to be egalitarian. The recent trends in men are a likely outcome of an increase and adoption of a novel cultural frame that pushes for gender equity. Roles predominantly for females are now open to males and those predominantly for males open to females. The statement that men can do women can do is a driving force that steers people to try out new roles. It is no longer a question of gender socialization, but the insistence on competency. How skilled one is at a role determines what opportunities they are liable to attain. Men are raised to emulate to their fathers, who are expected to be strong and capable providers for their families. These men are discouraged from an open emotional expression that makes them appear feminine. Most of their training involves problem-solving, risk-taking lessons, assertiveness skills, and logical thinking. They are required to be dependent at an early age clinging on to the shadowy presence of their emotionally or physically absent fathers (the Levant, 2008). Men try to fulfill their traditional masculine roles amidst criticism that is escalating to unmanageable levels. There is an outcry for change as the structure of society and systems are different from those of twenty years ago. The Levant points out to the fact that men are no longer the sole breadwinners of their families (2008). Women are also in the labor market, providing for their families. In contrast, men are obliged to take up roles that violate their traditional roles. They
The major issues causing the decline in productivity Bentum Fabrication Inc (BMF) is facing a rapid depreciation in the production output as a result of wrangles between the line supervisor Mary Wright and her line workers Monica- Lou, Short and Inski. They describe her as using speed up tactics and the workers are ready to go to any length to get their issues sorted out. Their formal grievenances are with the plant manager. The manager trusts in the performance of Mary Wright and need not to point blame on him. The most serious headache of the manager is whether to blame the inability of Wright to achieve simultaneously adequate production or whether to blame the behavioral relation with workers. This scenario calls for deliberation of issues arising by the authorities, acceptance of change, creation of dedication and positive attitude and linking output with job approval. This is an aspect of organizational behavior, culture and social disposition. The solutions to the problems that affect the company The employees should be taught to develop a traditional satisfaction in terms of fair and unfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships. They should learn to practice good ethics at the work place despite the circumstance that take place at the company. Scenes portrayed in acts such as stoppage of line operations, repair troubles, non-attendance, and the workers stopping the line for repair are the very attributes of improper communication, dissatisfaction and unbecoming behavior in a company. The theories that can be applied to solve the organizational behavior in the company The Equity theory asserts this and states that individuals who see themselves as either not well appreciated or over-satisfied will experience grief. Distress leads to hard work to reinstate equity within the employees with the objective of maintaining equity between the inputs that they bring to a job and the outcome that they receive from it against the perceived inputs and outcome of others. The theory of Equity understands that personal factors influence each person’s evaluation and discernment of their relationship with their relational partners. Equity helps in developing of group dynamics in an organization. Hence, effective decision making should be taught to Wright an
Abstract Considering translation has a strong effect on various audiences, several researchers have come out to explore the appropriate manner of translating audio-visual contents into subtitles. This study sums up the findings of such researchers, through a keen focus on the movie Bad boys two and comprehensively, it articulates that, for producers to write the best subtitles, they ought to ensure that the translation made has the same effect in the target culture as it does in the original source culture. The best translators factor cultural variations when translating audio contents of a movie into another language. The study further establishes that, the best translators are those who can easily expose the relevance of the initial message (through a second language) without creating any sort of misunderstanding. The concept of domestication therefore easily surfaces in this context because it is the best way translators can portray the same audio content into a second language without stirring any controversy. However, to successfully translate given audio pieces, it is important for translators to remain as natural as possible. This fact therefore means that there is a small line between what is right and appropriate. Introduction Subtitles are normally used to make television audiences who have a language comprehension or hearing problem to understand what is being said on televisions. Normally, a target audience in this context is children, adults, deaf people or people who cannot understand the language being spoken (Nida, 1982). With the upsurge of DVD productions, the use of subtitles in televisions programming and movies have significantly increased (Venuti, 1995). However, the development of subtitles for any movie or television series serves the purpose of a given cultural, religious or educational context and it may therefore be tricky for most television producers to serve the needs of these target audiences, considering the dynamism of such groups (in terms of religious and cultural identification) (Nida and De Waard, 1986). For instance, the translation of offensive language remains a tricky issue for most television producers because such language is sometimes considered profanity or inappropriate for certain cultures. Normally, such (offensive) language is used to express specific human emotions such as anger, amusement, surprise (and the likes) but its appropriateness relies on the culture of the target audience. Diaz-Cintas & Remael (2007) reiterate that “taboo words are tied in with local traditions which are used differently by different linguistic communities, depending on the religious background of those communities” (p. 196). To a great extent, swear words are unique to the cultural context of a given community
Introduction According to Karl Marx, analyzing social classes and structures as well as variations in the structures are critical in understanding modern capitalism other social systems or even modes of production. Marx and Engels argue that the communist in the manifesto ‘…the history of all hitherto existing in the society is the class struggles” (Marx and Engels 35). Analyzing class distribution and struggles is relevant in establishing knowledge about capitalism. Social classes are divided into two main classes with distinct features one comprises the owners or possessors of property as well as the means of production. This group performs the role of production. The other factor is concerned producers and controllers of the surpluses in relation to human social labor. The economic factors in the modern world govern social relationships in capitalism than it did in ancient times. This paper therefore discusses stratification and conflicts that exist in society. It bases on the statements made by Marx in scholarly works. Relevance of Marx Ideas Divisions in Capitalism Earlier societies consisted of several sections or clusters that can be perceived to be classes. They were not classes parse but elites not specifically based on economic factors but also incorporated other things such as priesthood, knights or military elite. In the modern society, other classes of people such as capital owners, petty bourgeoisie and peasants are incorporated in the production process. In spite of Lumpen proletariat existing, they are not primarily in terms of the dynamics of capitalism or its expansion and development. Bourgeoisie The bourgeoisie controls the means of production such as capital and labor. The capital exploit the workers by misusing their labor meaning that they produce much but are paid less. They utilize the surplus value created from employment of labor to accumulate and expand their capital. Owning massive resources is not equivalent to possessing capital power and labor; it does not make an individual to be bourgeoisie. To be a capitalist or member of bourgeoisie class entails the ownership of huge capital, active participation in capital accumulation, using capital to organize production, employ and exploit labor and finally make the capital self regulating by using the surplus value to continue the cycle of capital accumulation (Marx and Engels 48). Bourgeoisies began in cities of medieval Europe. This was during the development of mercantilism, artisans and manufacturing. The main aim of economic survival for the people was increase wealth through trade and commerce. The bourgeoisies needed much freedom in marketing activities and economic expansion activities. Capital ownership was achieved by labor employment (industrial capital) while for some it was acquired through trade (merchant capital). Those who employed workers to create and expand capital succeeded in acquiring capital consequently leading the sector of bourgeoisie. The proletariat The workers only own their labor implying that they earn their living through
Adaptation to a new culture may be extremely challenging, particularly when relocating to live overseas. The majority of individuals who reside in foreign nations usually go through an adjustment period for a couple of years, a time when they experience culture shock. The moment culture shock is identified and understood, its impact is easy to lessen significantly. Failure to easily adapt to a different culture when people move abroad makes them frustrated (D’Souza, Singaraju, Halimi, & Mort, 2016). Living overseas and adjustment to a different culture is dependent on what a person makes of it (Kostis, Kafka, & Petrakis, 2018). Therefore, it might either turn out to be the best experience of a lifetime or may be unbearable to a point of making an individual decide to return home. Interacting with people who have a different culture when one is living amongst them may present challenges or adventures, and has the possibility of being the most exciting phase of a person’s life. When people go to reside or work overseas, they should become independent and strive to adapt to the new culture devoid of the support and assistance from family members and friends. This calls for a great extent of open-mindedness. When interrelating with people in the new place one at times finds them acting odd and believes that if people in the home country did the same thing, it would have made more sense, or be completed more easily, quickly, and competently. To triumph over such thoughts, one should try to be as open-minded as possible (Kim, 2015). When such a person has a frustrating experience, there is a need to relax and remember that one should be open to other approaches to doing things.
Introduction Project managers should possess a wide range of competencies to support their teams. Such skills can make it easier for them to guide, mentor, and inspire others. By doing so, leaders will address the major challenges affecting their projects and eventually deliver positive results (Yang, Huang, and Wu, 2011). To be successful, project managers should have specific competencies in three key areas. These include “emotional intelligence, managerial, and conceptual ability” (Lanctot and Irving, 2010, p. 37). These competency areas can empower project managers to support their followers. Each category is characterized by specific leadership competencies. This essay goes further to present a powerful leadership profiling tool useful for project managers who want to develop key managerial skills. Key Leadership and Management Skills The success of a given project depends on the inputs presented by the managers. The above three categories present several leadership skills appropriate for project leaders. It is appropriate for project managers to consider such competencies to realize the targeted deliverables. The individuals can use a leadership profiling tool to analyze their skill sets and identify new competencies that must be developed. The ultimate goal is to ensure the targeted project is completed on time (Farok and Garcia, 2015). A detailed analysis of several key management and leadership skills is presented below. Managerial Skills The first administrative or managerial skill required by project managers is the ability to utilize resources adequately. Resource management is a powerful skill that guides leaders to mobilize, use, and manage scarce resources. Communication is needed to ensure every follower and stakeholder is supported throughout the project lifecycle. The leader should be able to empower others. This skill is critical towards promoting accountability, confidence, trust, and responsibility (Tyssen, Wald, and Spieth, 2014). Ethical leadership is relevant because it empowers project leaders to guide their teams. This practice encourages project managers to make accurate decisions and support the welfare of the followers (Landis, Hill, and Harvey, 2014). The individuals will work hard and follow the existing code of conduct. This skill plays a significant role in supporting the project. The other important competence is the ability to develop others. The manager should use this skill to allocate resources and tasks to the right people. The leader can coach and train the individuals to achieve the targeted goals. Some other key administrative skills include decision-making, problem-solving, critical thinking, communication, and listening (Wickramasinghe and Widyaratne, 2012). These competencies work synergistically to support the targeted project and eventually deliver positive results. Project managers who possess these managerial competencies will find it easier to achieve their objectives on time. Conceptual or Technical Ability Skills This bracket focuses on the best skills for supporti
Introduction The evaluation of a curriculum brings about changes in the administration role. In addition, the role of the learner also changes in the assessment-focused classrooms. A rubric for evaluating the students’ speech including primary and secondary sources is researched, the main points of their speech are noted and the students speak clearly and they know the facts to back up the assertions. The scale used for evaluating each of these ranges from one to four (1- 4) with 1 being the highest level. Developing a curriculum includes the following aspects:   * Organization / administration.   * Content.   * Assessment   * Materials. Organization Organization refers to the way the administrator controls the institution. In this case, the rubric for curriculum evaluation in a Kindergarten will bring changes in the role of the administrator. A rubric is a guideline with specified criteria for assessing the abilities and knowledge of your students. The appropriate age of learners in this curriculum will be from three to five years. The learners will be taught things that they are well aware of. Questions posed to them mainly include a familiar ordeal to all and when responding or speaking their sounds will be recorded on sound slides so that they can be retrieved. The aim is to teach students what they expect. The rubric therefore will be designed in a way that it will reflect the most significant elements related to success in a learning task. The curriculum will also enable teachers to grade children more accurately and fairly. Content A quality curriculum evaluation rubric consists of the following components. A process and tools for assessing students’ interests, learning styles, and self-directness that provide a way for students to self-assess their learning styles. It also includes strategies to guide students in taking responsibility for their learning, a list of specifically defined pre-requisite skills. Assessing learners’ prior knowledge that includes one or more assessments of current knowledge and skills needed for the specific content area. A standard-based content outline that takes into consideration the purpose of learning by providing supplemental topics that are offered to the child’s choice and flexibility. The articulate learning outcomes (EFF) include the six levels of the cognitive domain that is Bloom’s taxonomy. Acquisitions, analysis, evaluation, knowledge, skills, and synthesizers. They specify how the learning will be demonstrated and under what conditions. Suggested instructional strategies Which are based on student’s goals are learner-centered and inclusive of learners’ interests and learning styles. They are also multi-sensory involving more than one sense. They include a combination of individuals, small groups, and large group instruction. Suggested Assessment Strategies They are transp
Introduction In the past decade, China housing sector has experienced rapid growth. The growth in the housing market has been adjunct to the increased housing prices. The Chinese government has put in place various policies as well as strategies that are geared towards supporting home ownership. Despite these policies and programs, owning a home in Chinese major towns has become expensive particularly for the ordinary citizens (Deng et al 11). However, the growth in this sector started to slow down after 2010. The slow growth is due to the government intervention in the fast-rising prices of residential and other housing properties. There has been concerns whether China’s housing sector is about to bubble particularly in major cities that are spread throughout the country (Han 413). In fact, the rise in housing prices has put China under economic growth scrutiny. The issue is how to deal with the rise of the housing prices and make residential homes affordable to the ordinary citizens. Housing bubble is being experienced in China and the response of the Chinese government to the housing bubble will be the major discussion. The expansion of the housing sector and the increase in prices Over the past years, there has been an immense expansion in the housing sector in China. Despite all these growth experienced in the sector, there has been escalating increases in the prices of houses (Green and Lan 214). As a result, it has become harder for the population to purchase personal residential properties. Through the government’s intrusion to direct the prices of residential houses, the housing sector has shown signs of decelerating trend in the prices of properties. In addition, due to the economic restructuring in the housing sector, China has achieved massive developments in the sale of homes (Duda et al 918). Through economic restructuring that lowered the cost of homes, many citizens have been able to purchase inexpensive residential houses. Further, many households are able to rent houses at affordable costs. Through the government’s intervention, successful privatization policy that encouraged private home ownership has been achieved (Duda et al 918). In the contrary, the disparity in the accessibility as well as allocation of houses is very common. Therefore, the responsibility of the government in its housing policies to maintain fairness in the allocation of residential properties is highly necessary (Gao 120). Further, it is also important that the authorities undertake the duty of maintaining the property costs at relatively low prices. The action would benefit a larger percentage of the public. Currently, China has two significant programs on housing policy portfolio that include the provision of affordable houses. Additionally, the government has initiated the house provident fund that has made it easy and economical for the citizens to attain private property (Huang and William 7). However, several studies point out
Introduction Making investments is a perfect way to receive passive income in the long run. An investment portfolio can provide a client with sufficient income, savings, security, and raise the standard of living. A proper plan before investing is required to ensure the safety of the investment. The process of preparing an investment portfolio is the determination of financial objectives; it should correlate with the client’s available resources and desired goals. An investment portfolio considers investment horizon – the period for which the client is ready to invest. It involves the expected return on securities that the client can expect on the investment horizon. Furthermore, the investment portfolio includes tolerable risk – the maximum loss the client is willing to take on the investment horizon. It is crucial to explain and identify step-by-step actions to fulfill the investment portfolio. Assessment of Current Situation The essential step is to explain what can constitute the investment portfolio. Shares are equity securities that certify the investor’s right to share the company and its profit in dividends. The owner of shares can vote when making decisions in the chosen company. Bonds can also fulfill the portfolio, and these are debt securities, proving that the company borrowed the investor’s money and should return it to the set date with interest. Moreover, equities determine the value to return the company’s shareholders if all assets are liquidated. It is also possible to invest in property; everything depends on the client’s objectives. The first step in planning an investment portfolio is assessing the current situation in the world. It is hard to predict the future; however, knowing what to expect today is essential. For instance, the current situation with COVID-19 made many firms close, their stocks collapse, and many investors continue to lose their money. Planning requires profound research on assets, cash flow, stocks, and company sales. For example, it would be helpful to learn about the company’s current situation in the market to understand the use of investment. Moreover, it requires proper research on it’s abilities, and it is not recommended to invest in a single company. For example, newly appeared companies should cause alertness in investors, as it is unknown whether the stocks of this firm will be profitable. It is possible to argue and recall Tesla at the beginning of the 2000s when its shares cost little. However, those times Tesla started to manufacture new models of cars, which manifested successfully, and therefore, the company demonstrated good sales. In turn, there are no sales in some new companies, and accordingly, no investor’s profit. Thus, it is vital to learn its position in the market. Even though the company might demonstrate proper sales and bring constant profit, nobody knows next. The investor might face a significant risk if the company’s shares collapse. Therefore,