ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article by Singer et al. focuses on the exploration of an organization-wide survey related to patient safety culture. First, the authors identify the problem statement, which is expressed in terms of a need for increased attention on the part of hospital staff toward patient safety. The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that not only physicians, but also senior executives as well as other personnel, were taken into account. Two paramount objectives were established: to evaluate attitudes toward the patient safety provision, and to specify the level of safety culture in different hospitals. The principal goal of the research was to determine whether or not the hospital corresponds to the notion of High Reliability Organizations (HROs). The research was based on 15 California hospitals and 6,312 employees. The age of respondents varied between 40 and 60. In order to conduct a survey, scholars created a list of closed-ended questions that covered 16 topics. Respondents were free to respond either by mail or the Internet. With regard to the survey instrument, it is essential to point out the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Initiative (PSCI) tool, namely, safety orientation in medical facilities, a management attitudes questionnaire, a naval command assessment tool, an anesthesia work environment survey, and a risk management questionnaire. The raw data was exposed to sample weighting and non-responsive weighting, applied multiplicatively in order to compare hospitals. Analysis of the data focused on the accurate interpretation of the respondents’ answers. In particular, problematic responses were given greater attention. In structuring the research, Singer et al. identified the five prevalent factors affecting the responses: organization, production, reporting / seeking help, department, and shame / self-awareness (114). By utilizing multivariate regressions, along with disjunctive non-response weighted data, the authors met the first objective specified earlier. The results of the research were represented in a table format according to the above-mentioned factors to promote visibility of information. It is significant to note that data collected was analyzed from different perspectives. From the demographic point, there were more women respondents, yet sex varied with job position. At that, their response rate constituted 47 (4 percent, or 62 percent excluding physicians). In the context of safety culture and related attitudes, problematic responses were higher for those that were hypothesized, and lower for personal ones. At the same time, a number of respondents expressed their fear of making a mistake, as well as the lack of compensation. About 52 percent reported that the quality of patient safety had decreased, due to a shortage of qualified personnel. The total problematic responses constituted 18
Introduction People often engage in various activities; some of them are ethical, whereas others are unethical. Honest activities that foster love, empathy, and assertiveness usually get their drive from good intentions. However, some of these acts lead to selfish outcomes that compromise the rights of other organisms. For instance, individuals kill animals so that they can get meat and other by-products. According to Singer, people should accord the same level of respect that they give human beings to animals since both have the right to life (6). Thus, the purpose of the paper is to examine the importance of ethics on organisms. Good Intentions and Bad Actions Why People Should not Eat Animals People should not eat animals because they have rights just as humans, and therefore, they should receive respect and dignity. In deontological ethics, actions determine results. Thus, the act of slaughtering a creature for food leads to its death because before one eats an animal, one has to kill it (Singer 6). Since it is not fair to take away the life of any being, butchering an animal for food is wrong. Comparatively, in the consequentialism approach, results are products of actions. Hence, when people do something, they should expect a proportional outcome. The implication of the consequentialism approach is that individuals should practice only those actions that give just, assertive, and ethical products, which do not compromise the lives of other organisms. Alternatively, people should use food with high protein content like beans and peas instead of meat. Additionally, they should eat animal products such as eggs or milk. By eating alternative proteins, individuals would respect the rights of animals and minimize their afflictions or deaths. Four Types of Moral Luck Nagel pioneered four types of moral luck, which include circumstantial, constitutive, causal, and consequential types (95). Circumstantial moral luck refers to a kind of moral luck that emphasizes the environment of the agent. It highlights the vitality of the agent’s environment and its effects on the activities that the agent executes. Furthermore, constitutive moral luck focuses on personal character, which has little impact from the external environment since it is in the personality of an individual (Singer 9). Causal type is associated with the results from events that a person is involved, which compels the person to engage in some deeds that concern the event. Consequential moral luck emphasizes the outcomes of actions as it focuses on the consequences. In reference to animal liberation, activists argue that creatures suffer due to human activities. According to activists, actions have proportional effects.
In this course, the final activity required students to examine an aspect of successful supply transport management within a competitive market. I examined the internet of things as an emerging technology that is impacting transportation and logistics. The objective of this paper is to discuss and understand how the internet of things has its application in transportation and logistics management. Knowledge/Application Area: Facility Location This paper fits within the knowledge application area of facility location because as a supply chain manager, one must understand the right location for a manufacturing facility. This should be where the set-up will provide sufficient access to clients, staff as well as transportation. The production unit is the point where all the inputs, including materials, skilled workforce, and equipment, come together to create finished materials for consumption. Decisions regarding the place to set up a plant play a critical role in the strategic planning and design of the preferred supply chain networks. Location is a vital component of the internet of things (IoT) as a technology that allows organizations to maximize their returns while minimizing their costs. Today, the internet of things has made it possible for managers to make such choices with much ease. Integrating location data as an additional information point for input into the aspect of analysis allows firms to get valuable insights which can lead administrators into making more informed decisions. Methodologies: Simulation Modeling and Analysis and Other Descriptive Models (i.e., Forecasting) This paper matches the two methodologies which include simulation modeling and analysis as well as information technology and other descriptive models, that is, forecasting. Organizations in the transportation and logistics industry often aim at running their activities in the most cost-effective manner but within their constraints. Companies operating in this field need to have a clear picture of the whole supply chain, including the ability of respond to any changes that may impact profitability. Access to crucial present and real-time data plays a critical role in the efficiency of supply chain and transportation management through all modes including air, ground, rail as well water (Ben-Daya et al., 2019). One of the methods that managers use includes monitoring the location and progress of activities using IoT which offers real-time information. IoT is net of physical gadgets that are linked to each other and correspond with other devices via the internet to facilitate the creation of applications and intelligent services. The system allows customers, logistics and transportation businesses to locate their products at all stages of the transportation process, as well as monitor transport conditions, including temperature, humidity, and vibrations (Dhumale et al., 2017). In the transport and logistics realm, IoT heightens the supply chain visibility, responsiveness, as well as compliance. Using geographical positioning system (GPS) in
The Other Family by Himani Bannerji focuses on a dramatic episode from the life of a migrant family in Canada and brings up such important topics as acceptance, self-identity, tolerance, and the difficulty of adaptation. At the center of the short story is a conflict between mother and daughter that mirrors more profound questions about cultural identity and diversity in Canadian society. The critical literary element of this short story is symbolism. This fact is reflected in the very title: The word “Other” indicates the alienation and otherness of the migrant community. This essay discusses the literary characteristics and elements of the short story by Bannerji and explores how the symbols convey the deeper issues and concerns hidden in work. Symbolism, a standard device in literature for carrying more deep or hidden meanings beyond literal use, is one of the leading literary tools in the story. The story begins with a description of nature and the season. The cold and darkness outside the window reflect the mother’s inner condition: “The winter twilight had transformed the sheer sky of the day into the color of steel” (Bannerji 141). Next, the mother mentally reproaches herself for taking her daughter away from her native country and making her different and other in Canadian society. The mother sees the child as a solitary figure who has to wander alone in a foreign country. However, this is again a reflection of her fears since the daughter’s perspective remains unknown upon returning home. Feelings of guilt, loneliness, and insecurity permeate the scene when the mother and daughter meet. The genuine emotions and feelings of these people remain hidden behind surface-level words and details. While having dinner together, mother and daughter do not listen to each other and are present in their inner thoughts. “So, what did he do when you gave him dried food?” — asked daughter (Bannerji 141-142). This discussion of the food for their cat can be viewed as the representation of the alienation and solitude of two family members. The story’s central conflict revolves around a seemingly insignificant event: The daughter shows her mother a portrait of their family that the teacher at school asked to draw. The mother’s shock when she sees a white family in a picture reflects her conflict with a society that imposes white normativity. Mother’s greater fear is associated with the idea that her child is unable to embrace and recognize her identity and presents her family as the average white family: “[A]ll our books have this same picture of the family.” The mother gave vent to her hidden fears and anxiety to the little girl who was lost in the questions: “Don’t you want us anymore? You want to be a mem-sahib , a white girl?” (Bannerji 142). It can be assumed that the drawing triggered her understanding of the contradictions between the privileged white culture and the migrant community. The drawing itself is undoubtedly striking but not the only symbol in this scene. The most illustrative contrast between the dominant and migrant cultures is highlighted in the discussion of language and vocabulary. F
Introduction Learning is considered to be a complex cognitive and collective process, with a significance of external environment, internal stimuli, and social motivation is widely affected learning processes. Teaching mathematics is a hard-core job at all levels, its complication allows other research fields to participate in finding the solutions. Knowledge acquiring perspectives in psycho-analytical areas also have been utilized to describe procedures in mathematics education. There is a serious need for more scientific research into the areas in which children develop mathematical skills which will play a vital role in the future. Not a single research methodology can address the sensitiveness of drive for comprehensive scientific research in education. Also, there are numerous directions of extensive research in mathematics education. Each view will help in solving the ways how children learn mathematics and how this process can enhance their computing skills. Along with these concepts being used in mathematics teaching study, this research focuses on the question that which areas of the brain deal with numeric. During the study, it will be discussed what role neuroscience plays in enhancing mathematics learning. In the following pages, I will debate that neuroscience can help us in better understanding some phenomena of concern in mathematics education. This knowledge can influence the individual’s behavior and learning practices. Mathematics learning is closely connected with study brain areas involved in memory and computation of numerals. The implications of Neuroscience Cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience studies suggest that an appropriate process of quantity representation is found in infants, young children, and adults, with the quantitative changes in this system, the core qualitative system specifications remain the same both across species and over progressing durations (Butterworth, 1999; Dehaene, 1997). Neuro-scientific research is conducted at different levels and in different situations and has been successfully explained typical decision processes. The methods of neuroscience offer a variety of potential to education, including the early analysis of particular educational requirements, the monitoring and assessment of the impacts of various educational inputs on knowledge acquiring. Quantitative variations may have important well-designed roles and their stoppage or incompletion become an early indicator of mathematical difficulties in the future or even results in mathematics learning disqualification. Parts of the brain deals with Numeric The human brain controls the flow of information throughout the body, both voluntary actions like running, writing, and reading, and involuntary responses like sensing and listening. The brain stem joins the spinal cord with the brain. Nerve fibers of medulla oblongata lie in this brain stem transmit every message from brain to s
Introduction Many special education students are found to suffer from a host of medical syndromes, most of which are genetic disorders that are diagnosed by “the specific constellation of physical anomalies apparent to the trained eye” (Reynolds et al, 1987, 1565). Special educators are most directly concerned with those physical anomalies that can limit an individual ability to have a normal social and family life. These physical anomalies can happen in the following categories: visual, hearing and physical handicaps, health problems and mental retardation. Hence medical syndromes that cause such physical anomalies are especially relevant to the field of education. Some such syndromes include Down syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, William’s syndrome, Asperger’s syndrome and Tourette’s Syndrome. According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 2004, the education environment provided to a student with a medical syndrome must be based on the educational needs of a child not a specific diagnosis (Fetsko, 2008). Due to recent advances in the fields of genetics and child psychiatry, etiology-based interventions are becoming increasingly possible for children with different genetic mental retardation conditions especially in the field of special education. Hodapp and Fidler (1999) say that though such interventions are still in the primitive state in special education work, there is much promise of these interventions becoming more and more developed in the years to come. This paper examines the etiology, symptoms, learning/educational implications, and the implications for educational intervention for various medical syndromes in the special education population. Down’s syndrome Of all medical syndromes, the Down syndrome is the most common genetic (chromosomal) cause of mental retardation with a prevalence of 1 in 700 to 1,000 (Rozien, 1997). All cases of Down syndrome result from partial or complete duplication of chromosome 21 in the genome. About 95% of the cases arise due to standard trisomy, involving duplication of chromosome 21. Over 90% of these cases are genetic in nature, and the extra chromosome is of maternal origin due to non-disjunction during meiosis. However there may be other rare causes such as the translocation of chromosome 21 material to another chromosome (usually 13 or 18) and mosaicism (transmission of a cryptic trisomy 21 cell line from an unaffected parent (Wallace et al, 2007). One of the most striking epidemiologic characteristics of Down syndrome is the marked increase in risk with increasing maternal age – from approximately 1 per 1400 live births at ages 20-24 to 1 per 600-700 live births at ages 41-45. Increased avai
The article “From Teacher-Centered to Learner-Centered Curriculum: Improving Learning in Diverse Classrooms” is written by Kathy Laboard Brown, an Associate Professor of Educational Leadership and an executive director for the South Carolina Association of Teacher Educators. Throughout her life she has been exploring the subject of education contributing greatly to the development of new methods of studying; it can be stated that her interest in the topic is both personal and scholarly. The title of the article draws the reader’s attention at once and reflects the content of the work. The article comes from the journal “Education” which is a publication dealing with writings on education. The article is up-to-date and is addressing the issues which have recently become controversial. The materials presented in the article are important for the development of the topic of learner-centered paradigm shift since they deal with it directly. The article has a clear introduction where the author states why the teacher-centered curriculum needs to be replaced by the learner-centered one. She also describes learner-centered classrooms and informs what the transition to this kind of classroom involves. “Learner-centered classrooms place students at the center of classroom organization and respect their learning needs, strategies, and styles” (Brown, 2003). The introduction is followed by the purpose of the article and several issues the author addresses. The intended audience is general though specialists and scholars will also find the necessary information in Brown’s research. The article does not use any terms specific to this area of study. The language is precise and the organization of the article is accurate. The article is aimed at finding out whether a paradigm shift is required when moving from the traditional teacher-centered to a new learner-centered approach. The author emphasizes that planning and learning characteristics are essential for this kind of approach; the approach itself is all about focusing on the learning characteristics of each learner separately taking into account his/her background, needs, capacities, special interests, and experiences. She examines the study of another scholar, McCombs, who has been also exploring this subject. Brown refers to this scholar throughout the article and is mostly supporting the discoveries of the scholar. She also relies on the studies of other scholars and is comparing their discussions of the concept of learner-centeredness. The article gives an overview of a teacher-centered approach outlining its main strengths and weaknesses. “Student achievement is at the forefront of teacher-centered curriculum, but teachers are driven to meet accountability standards and often sacrifice the needs of the students to ensure exposure to the standards” (Brown, 2003). Further, the teacher-centered approach is contrasted with the learner-centered one and the latter is presented as more beneficial since it pays attention to differences between the students and their learning characteristics. The learne
Introduction This paper discusses the possibility of achieving sustainable practices in an organization without human sustainability. Besides, the treatise reviews if organizations that are proactive on sustainability can achieve a competitive advantage. The analysis will be based on the readings from Benn and Dunphy (2003) and Read (2000). Sustainable practices and human sustainability As discussed by Read (2000), human sustainability refers to the ability of an organization to align its business goals with direct and indirect interests of the employees. Therefore, sustainable practices are only achievable when human sustainability is aligned to organizational strategies. Through understanding the organizational sustainability, Read (2000) notes that organizations need to understand the dynamics that prevail, drive, and support essential programs within its workforce to accomplish the strategic objectives, while ensuring that the employees are comfortable. In a rejoinder, Benn and Dunphy (2003) agree that physical structures in any organization interested in sustainability should promote positive relationship between favourable and effective job performance and work environment, as attributes of motivation and congenial conditions. As opined by Read (2000), measuring factors such as interpersonal relations, working conditions, support and trust, welfare provisions, and work environment may greatly contribute to the organizational sustainability as well as employees’ satisfaction, especially when technology is secondary to human input. The author uses the example of technological modifications within an organization as sustainable when the human factor is equipped with appropriate skills for ensuring its operational efficiency. Sharing the same views, Benn and Dunphy (2003) notes that organizational shift in a positive direction towards ecological sustainability is only possible when it “is reliant upon human sustainability” (Benn & Dunphy, 2003, p. 96). Apparently the authors argue that there is no possibility of achieving sustainable practices in an organization without human sustainability. Proactive sustainability organizations and competitive advantage Through the need to establish a proactive organization sustainability, Read (2000) opines that such organization must develop a discursive approach in explaining and exploring shared and coordinated actions on roles and channels. Organizational framework functions in the interaction between the human factor and organizational goals (Read, 2000). In order for the productivity quotient to become an effective tool, it is appropriate to ensure that workers and the management team both understand the collective perspective of the ins