ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Higher Education Higher education is a learning state that comprises education set including colleges, technical schools, academies and more importantly, it handles education set up of universities. The higher education system here refers to tertiary as it is preceded by the secondary education or the high school education system. This system of education comprise of undergraduate, vocational education and postgraduate education. Institutions offering the kind of education described in higher education are collectively referred to as tertiary institutions. Higher education entails real work application like in medical schools, research and teaching. Research work comprises a big percentage of education or the teaching offered. The key reason as to why I chose this particular area is that this area identifies the field that a particular individual can major in. At this level, any individual goes deeper into the area of specialization (Woolley, 2010). Historical development of Higher education and current legislation that shapes it The historical development of higher education system is based on American colleges and universities that exist today. In review of higher education, the history and the development of higher education begun from the nineteenth century and developed to date. The oldest colleges had lots of national prestige that they enjoyed in the earlier years of the nineteenth century. These colleges were resilient to institutional changes because of their affiliation to the English education system that originated from England. Most of the colleges that practiced this were mostly Cambridge and Oxford. The colonial colleges had their own new structures that best conformed to their demands. This new structures were put in place after the colleges rejected the educational practices that originated mostly from Cambridge-Oxford models. In the earlier years, the college president had to report to external board. This board usually determined or held the president accountable of the college’s affairs. The colleges in those days had strong legal charters and the colleges relied on government for funding. Protestant religious denominations had their culture dominate the colleges (Thelin, 2004). The curriculum in those early days focused on political oratory and economy. The students of those days were young men and of mercantile backgrounds. The students’ racial background was mostly white. Most professions did not require a degree at part of the qualification but parents saw the idea as the only source of insurance for their children. This insurance was used as a tool that would instill leadership and service in the young generation of the time. The colleges at that important time in history did not have a regulatory system that would have guided and governed their activities. This meant that each colonial college had its own separate operations that mostly reflected their regional customs. Many changes in the nineteenth century opened n
Despite a variety of national threats and Homeland Security issues that are important to the country today, terrorism is one of the most acute problems. The importance of preventing and eliminating this issue is validated by the scope of adverse effects and dangerous implications it might have on the nation. Indeed, the attacks on public and private sector entities, the disruption of infrastructure, and imposing fear among the population groups pose a significant threat to national security. Thus, strategic intelligence is a valuable tool in developing and maintaining effective counter-terrorism activities on national and international levels. When applied to terrorism, strategic intelligence allows for political assessment and capabilities analysis of an opponent. Strategic intelligence “involves assimilating a variety of information, including knowledge of political, diplomatic, economic, and security developments,” that ensures long-term planning for the elimination of threats to national security (“National intelligence strategy of the United States of America,” 2019, p. 8). According to (Cohen, J., & Blanco, 2016), “intelligence products are usually evaluated looking backward” (p. 50). This implies that the lessons from the past should be integrated into the application of intelligence to the fight against terrorism in the contemporary world. The history of the Cold War is characterized by the utilization of strategic intelligence analysis and information collection to protect national interests. In conclusion, terrorism as a Homeland Security issue of a high level of relevance is best addressed from the perspective of strategic intelligence. This type of intelligence allows for collecting and analyzing data for the long-term planning of counter-terrorism campaigns. Moreover, the Cold War experience with fighting against terrorism and the application of strategic intelligence to the goal achievement are the issues that are relevant to the Homeland Security of the state now.
Overview Because of its restricted comprehension and connection with other essential occupations in the professional industry, athletic training may be perplexing to many people, irrespective of the sector. The athletic trainer, like fitness and endurance instructors, efficiency experts, physiotherapists, and even occupational therapists, serves an important role in the development and upkeep of its players. Athletic training involves the management, assessment, and intervention of emergent, intermittent, and long-term medical disorders, including disability, occupational restrictions, and impairments. Fitness development, which is more prevalent in corporate gymnasium settings, is sometimes mistaken for strength and conditioning training. While athletic trainers possess many of the same talents as fitness experts, their roles and obligations are very diverse. For instance, as athletes develop bigger, subtler, and quicker bodies; athletic trainers have a greater obligation to adjust to their unique demands. These requirements may encompass, but are not confined to, pain evaluation and diagnosis, recuperation, massage treatment, nutritional support, and accident prevention. According to Ford (2003), when a therapist and a patient are from different cultures, power equilibration becomes more difficult. Furthermore, the hegemonic contemporary cultural background and mindset have had a long-term influence on racial power dynamics, impacting everyday issues linked with prejudice and bigotry. When likened to prior years, the industry is generating more unsatisfied experts, and even more are wishing to quit totally because of racism and ethic disparity. In athletics, athletic trainers’ anxiety levels might rise due to a variety of factors, including the athlete’s desire to return to the field as soon as possible after facing such discriminating actions, or the manager might decide to play someone despite the trainer’s advice. Because sporting organizations make so many choices, it may be challenging to assign responsibility when problems arise. In this case, the sports trainer is in a strange role since they are responsible for a wide range of concerns inside a single institution. When examining an athletic illness, for example, particularly one involving a star athlete, the trainer’s recommendations might have far-reaching consequences that influence not just the trainer and the player, but perhaps the whole program. Apart from physical and health-related issues, inclusivity and diversity in sports training is a contemporary and expanding issue in the field of kinesiology. Because of ethnic gaps, racism, and job complexity, there is increased stress within the profession, making it increasingly difficult to perform at the training center. Ev
Introduction The iPad is a computer in the line of tablets designed and marketed by Apple Incorporation. It is primarily meant to cater for audio-visual media such as movies, games, music, web content, periodicals and books. The table technology was revolutionized by the introduction of the Apple iPad in 2010. Curiosity about the capability and potential of the new technology in the academic field rose significantly. The iPad seems to have the capacity as a controlling tool given that it may enhance cooperation, abet novice despite their respective edification field or level of intellectual realization and uphold organization. The iPad uses matching operating system just like iPhone as well as iPod. The computer requires modification in order to run programs that are not distributed and approved by Apple. Like most contemporary laptop computers and phones, the iPad is controlled through a multi-touch display. It is sleek, portable and comes with a speedy processor. It has changed the technology platform through addressing legitimate consumer needs. It does not leave the user frustrated like most previous tablet devices. The operating system is user-friendly and is significantly different from the desktop designed operating systems. Considering that most learners are the youth, the iPad offers students with the latest technology and innovation that is essential in the job market. In the United Kingdom, the iPad demand from consumers is high and is continuously increasing. The iPad is convenient for all including professionals and students. A smooth scrolling touch screen feature of the device is simple but impressive. It gives quick responses which is highly beneficial to learners during class discussions. It allows learners to rapidly navigate between texts in order to find specific passages. Literature Review “Project iPad: Investigating Tablet Integration in Learning and Libraries at Ryerson University” Naomi Eichenlaub et al (2011) conducted a research that was meant to reveal the integration of the iPad in libraries and learning at Ryerson University. Eichenlaub and four other colleagues investigated the use of iPad at Ryerson University. They generated the article Project iPad. Research indicates that the iPad is not a central ingredient of scholastic life. However, they observe that the iPad could be a potent tool used in supporting erudition and similarly abet colla
The suggested strategies to mitigate the effects of coronavirus in accordance with the example of Iceland could be considered as an interesting approach. This strategy acknowledges its apparent limitations, such as the resilience of the Iceland community, geographical idiosyncrasy. However, currently, this strategy might not be a valid method to address the high margins of infected individuals in NATO countries. It is certainly true that quick response and high testing rates would contribute to the deterrence of the effects imposed by the sudden growth of the number of infected. However, it is similarly meaningful that the population would be willing to undergo such a measure. Moreover, despite the financial support efforts, some countries belonging to the organization might not be able to financially withstand the high amount of testing imposed by the new waves of infection. This fact is especially relevant given that the virus dissemination might emerge across several countries simultaneously. Therefore, a different approach to the problem might be necessary. The Israeli government approached the problem of monitoring the infected with the creative solution of digital epidemiological investigation (Amit et al., 2020). This technology allowed tracking potential contacts of people that were infected and act accordingly (Amit et al., 2020). However, it is arguable that this methodology could address the geographical limitations introduced in the case of Iceland. It would be difficult for NATO countries to strictly monitor all entrances to their borders. Therefore, an analog in the form of digital tracking may solve the problem with the need for strict borders control and provide necessary tools for timely reaction to the new outbreaks. Nevertheless, it would require funds both internal and external in order to build new or reconstruct the existing infrastructure for the stated purposes. Reference Amit, M., Kimhi, H., Bader, T., Chen, J., Glassberg, E., & Benov, A. (2020). Mass-surveillance technologies to fight coronavirus spread: the case of Israel . Nature medicine , 26 (8), 1167-1169. Web.
Introduction In the novel Passing Larsen depicts problems of racial identity and racial inequalities affected American society during 1920s-1930s. The major problem that confronted African-Americans was no longer how to deal with prejudice but how to achieve racial identity; the major task of African-American writers was not to expose racial injustice but to uncover, describe, and possibly explain the life of African-Americans. Johnson also pioneered the use of urban local color in African-American literature. Before the 1920s most writers avoided detailed and realistic descriptions of the colorful life of lower-class urban African-Americans because they believed that depicting the squalor and vice of ghetto neighborhoods would only reinforce negative racial stereotypes. They usually described African-Americans in middle-class settings and emphasized the similarities between white and African-American society. The novel uses the theme “passing” as a symbol of self-search and understanding of racial and personal uniqueness. Main body In the novel, the main character, Clare Kendry, defines herself in terms of her family; she is concerned solely with the welfare of her children and the degree to which her husband’s infidelity threatens her security. She has no professional or intellectual ambition; major decisions in her life center around questions like what dress to wear. Her life is defined by her husband’s economic, social, and professional status; she confines her efforts to control her life to manipulating her husband. To achieve happiness and security she “has only to direct and guide her man, to keep him going in the right direction” (65). This approach, of course, fails. When a threat to her security materializes, she is virtually paralyzed, unable to assert herself or take action until the last scene of the novel. The image of women that Larsen projected is a depressing one. Clare and Irene became trapped in poverty, not because they are African-Americans, but becaus
Failures are an inevitable part of the human experience, which has to be acknowledged and accounted for as such. Miscalculations and misconceptions will occur no matter how immaculate the initial pan might be, which is why it is essential to focus on deriving essential lessons from unfortunate experiences. Operation Anaconda and the endeavors at fighting terrorism in Afghanistan is, perhaps, one of the best-known examples of the U.S. military failures. Looking back at the failure of the U.S. operation in Afghanistan, one will realize that the poor organizational planning, which defined the misalignment of the Staffing, Direction, and Control processes, affected the combat strategy and defined the notorious outcome of the operation Anaconda, thus making it one of the U.S.’s most notorious failures. In retrospect, the inability to perform decent preliminary research and ensure that the U.S. government is completely aware of the key factors that would allow implementing the operation flawlessly was one of the main causes of failure. Although the U.S. Army commander did have a plan in his mind, namely, the decision not to repeat the disaster that occurred during the siege of Tora Bora, the general lack of direction was evident in the management of Operation Anaconda. As Robinson (2018) worded it, “Strongmen’s militias can be more useful for immediate military exigencies than a new, weak army” (p. 12). Due to the inconsistencies in the planning process and the miscalculations made by the intelligence, the U.S. Army was not prepared properly for the challenges that it would face in Afghanistan, which led to the excruciating defeat. Even though the al-Qaeda forces suffered a nonetheless devastating loss in regard to their soldiers, resources, and positions in the fight, in general, the outcomes for the U.S. Army were truly devastating, causing it to retreat. Considering the staffing issues, the U.S. Army has been suffering from a significant lack of discipline and the arrangement of the troops. Moreover, the fact that the communication between the troops and the medical staff was mishandled deserves a mentioning as one of the major staffing failures (Welmer, 2019). As a result, of miscommunication, a range of soldiers were seriously wounded, and the U.S. lost a significant number of people to the Afghanistan conflict (La
Psychological testing norms can be described as the average scores of individuals tested from a certain population set which provide the basis by which the scores of other individuals within a similar population set can be evaluated against (Geddes & Callister, 2007). As such, the process of norm based evaluations is more or less a way in which test scores are utilized in order to determine how a person can be ranked as compared to average set of norms for their population set (Lindbeck & Nyberg, 2006). The first type of norms utilized in psychological testing are the percentile rank norms commonly utilized as a means of measuring the rate in which a particular individual measures against others within their norm group (Jacobson, 2011). This type of norm utilizes terms such as: “99th percentile”, “ranking”, from a scale of….” etc. In terms of psychological testing this is often utilized to measure the concept “degree of” in terms of how a person conforms to a particular psychological profile for the normative group that they belong to (Jacobson, 2011). This can either represent their degree of intellectual development, emotional quotient, and other such factors meant to determine the degree by which a person conforms to a set archetype. The last types of norm that will be examined in this paper are age and grade norms. Typically, these types of norms are commonly utilized in educational settings in order to determine the level by which a particular student is performing (Petty & Cacioppo, 1996). In effect, these particular types of norms allow a researcher to determine at exactly what level a student is at the present (i.e. are they performing above, below or at the median of the national average of a student at the grade level and at that age?). Nearly every student undergoes the process of being classified under such norms through the various evaluative tests they take per year. It must be noted though that studies such as those by Schneider (2002) indicate that despite age and grade norms having been utilized for years as a means of measuring the intellectual growth and advancement of students, they are technically not the best method of truly measuring intellectual growth due to the variances in which it is now interpreted as today (Schneider, 2002). This comes in the form of students with a high degree of EQ but relatively low or average IQ which would create results that are misrepresented. Taking such factors into consideration, it must be questioned whether psychological norms are an effective method of evaluation or if they are somewhat lacking in terms of the accuracy of their results due to the variances by which human psychological and intellectual development can occur. It is based on this that the hypothesis of this paper is that while psychological norms can be utilized as a means of effectively measuring various aspects of an individual’s psychology, this method of normative evaluation should be combin
Today we live in the era of computerization and digitalization. The new technologies grew to gain enormous popularity; they touch every sphere of our lives these days. Music, as an extremely powerful type of art, plays a big part for the modern society; this is why it instantly became affected by the general digitalization. The object of the archive humanities project is New York Philharmonic Archive, a portal that contains a large amount of documents from various periods of time, which makes this archive highly valuable for the explorers. New York Philharmonic Archive has a long and colorful history. To be able to properly digitalize all the materials available on the portal many experts, scholars, journalists and musicians supported the project and helped identify the documents and preserve correctly. The archive’s digitalization project started decades ago and began with a thorough discussion of where to start the documentation of all the available information. As New York Philharmonic gained popularity and the United States became one of the most influential countries for the world, the scholars realized that the precious archives needed to be preserved in the best and most contemporary way available, this is when digitalization started. The digital archive of New York Philharmonic was founded in 2001 and started to work presenting over fifteen thousand performances and one million and three hundred thousand archived pages of programs, photographs, scores and parts, correspondence and business records. The collection of New York Philharmonic digital archive contains some of the rarest and oldest documents. The archive is proud to be the owner of a large variety of part and score collections of Leonard Bernstein and Andre Kostelanetz, the Philharmonic received these collections as a precious donation of the death of these great men. 1 Besides, the archive is in possession of some of the items that were preserved and kept in the music library of the Philharmonic. The materials collected in the digital archive today contain not only orchestral scores, but also multiple examples of chamber music, there are also vocal items and piano parts. Only the items that were previously signed and marked by the experts are now included into the collection of the digital archive and available on the website. The archive’s oldest and most precious items and collections are the ones that date back to 1842. These scores present the performances of the most outstanding musicians of the nineteenth cen
The organizational culture is a combination of attributes that accrue to a company or an organization to make it unique and easily differentiable from other organizations (Heathfield, 2013). These attributes may include, but are not limited to the organization’s philosophies, expectations, and its codes of conduct, i.e. the organization’s rules and regulations. It may exist in the form of written or unwritten rules, based on mutual customs, beliefs, and attitudes of the employees towards their customers, their employers, and to their peers (Scholl, 2003). It is important to consider the corporate culture of a partner organization because it determines how the concerned parties will interact with each other within and without the organization. It also affects the company’s profitability due to the fact that it determines the outside world’s perception of the organization. When developing a Decision Support System for partner organizations, it is important to analyze the corporate culture of the concerned parties, especially the way power and information flows within the organizations’ managerial hierarchy (Bouwman et al, 2005). For example, one will need to