ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is apparent that organizational behavior problems can significantly affect the productivity and efficiency of a company in a negative manner. Numerous factors can contribute to organizational behavior; however, for this week’s assignment, the decision has been made to focus on job motivation and satisfaction. These issues will be discussed in the context of the Atrium Health company. The Summary of the Organization First of all, it is essential to provide an overview of the organization’s activities, services, and current situation. Atrium Health, formerly known as Carolinas HealthCare System until the company changed its name in 2018, is the largest hospital network in the state of North Carolina. It has no equivalent competitors of the same size in the state of North Carolina (Rothacker & Murawski, 2018). Historically, Atrium Health started operating as a single community hospital in North Carolina that opened in 1940 (“About Atrium Health,” 2018). Since then, it has gained considerable prominence in the healthcare industry and has been widely recognized as one of the leaders of the healthcare system in the United States (Rothacker & Murawski, 2018). According to the company’s website, Atrium Health provides a vast range of healthcare services, which include but are not limited to hospitals, an academic medical center, freestanding emergency departments, urgent care centers, physician practices, behavioral health centers, and many others (“About Atrium Health,” 2018). The organization’s products and services are distributed through a well-established network, allowing for the provision of care to the state’s population. Therefore, the areas of operation and distribution cover the state level, although recently, the company has aimed for regional growth (Rothacker & Murawski, 2018). Its client base includes a vast majority of the state’s population, including those who cannot afford health insurance (“About Atrium Health,” 2018). The Analysis of Job Motivation Factors Evidently, job satisfaction is one of the key factors in the company’s continuous growth. However, as has been noted by Garloch (2015), levels of job motivation at Carolinas HealthCare System (before it was renamed to Atrium Health) experienced an “approximately 20 percentile point drop from 2014,” according to a statement made by the CEO of the company (para. 2). In the answers to a survey distributed among the employees of Carolinas HealthCare System, benefit changes, staffing, and work environment were listed among the most important factors contributing to the decrease in job satisfaction. These results are consistent with the scholarly study by Raziq and Maulabakhsh (2015), who maintain that the development of the working environment is one of the most important factors in motivating employees. The authors argue that both the “physical working conditions and the social working conditions” contribute to the overall job satisfaction level (Raziq & Maulabakhsh, 2015). It should also be mentioned that, due to
The lab exercise under consideration was untitled “Acceleration Due to Gravity,” and it is possible to state that its real purpose was to provide students with the opportunity to acquire practical skills of calculating one of the basic physical constants. In the process of performing the lab exercise, observed evidence from two sources was collected. Firstly, a falling paper strip was used, and secondly, a pendulum was employed for the same purpose of calculating acceleration due to gravity. Two different sources were used to enable students to calculate acceleration due to gravity in a classical manner (by observing a falling object) and to perform the same calculation by watching the pendulum swing, which also represents the process of falling. It is also highly important to emphasize why the same quantity derived from two different activities. As acceleration due to gravity is the physical constant, it does not matter what shape and size are the falling objects (any other thing could be used instead of the paper strip), and thus both methods give the same result, despite that the input data differs. If materials of different weights, size, or shape had been used in the performed lab exercise, the results would still be the same because the physical force of gravity is constant for all falling objects. Another significant aspect of this lab exercise is that it was not merely an academic exercise because the concept of acceleration due to gravity is highly applicable in practice. For example, the power of gravity allows artificial satellites to orbit around Earth without falling as their mass is calculated regarding acceleration due to gravity. Considering pendulums, their practical value is apparent since they are used as parts of clocks, metronomes, and seismometers.
Introduction The background of the Cultural Revolution in China goes back to the Mao Zedong era in 1966 1 . During this time, China experienced societal upheavals due to the Mao’s attempts to stage a revolution. Mao sought to address social and political challenges, which were very pertinent at the time. This scenario prompted the Cultural Revolution, which would later become the turning point of the healing process of the inherent problems as opposed to advancing his ideas. Mao was keen to stop the emerging elites in the party who were raising their role in politics, thus threatening his authority in the country. The rise of the modern Chinese intellectuals and their demand for complete cultural overhaul sparked heightened debates amongst the conservatives. The continued upheavals prolonged and gained momentum amongst university students who later in 1989 staged the famous Tiananmen incident. This paper will argue that Tsang’s statement precisely describes these two events. In support of Tsang’s statement, the paper will describe the events and show how the outcome led to the realization of social, economic, and political democracy in China. The two events sought to liberate the society from an authoritative oppression by realizing democracy and this aspect reflects Tsang’s ideals. The emergence of the Cultural Revolution The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China was viewed as the final attempt by Mao Zedong to restore his fading spirit of a revolution. Mao’s outstanding desire was to develop a state, which had local peasants, proletariats, and the elite working harmoniously with no one above the other. 2 Developing a classless societ
Parents and teachers must allow children and teenagers to watch TV shows and play video games. This realization was made possible by integrating the insights found in these two articles: Watching TV Makes You Smarter and Fallout . Steve Johnson provided a well-developed argument on how TV shows can help children improve cognitive skills. However, Tom Bissel’s experience with playing video games provides an encouragement, and a warning on the impact of video games. Parents and teachers must allow children to watch TV and play video games because of its intellectually stimulating benefit, however, they must choose age-appropriate content and teach time management skills. Intellectually Stimulating Content It is easy to dismiss the importance of watching TV and playing video games because of how parents and teacher compare these two activities with other time honored learning programs. For example, learning a new language, or studying Algebra is far more beneficial than watching a popular soap opera on TV. Judging from the long-term impact of watching TV, and studying the basics of Algebra, it is easy to conclude that the latter can help students acquire the necessary skills needed to succeed in the workplace. The same thing
Veja is known as a small ethically friendly business producing exclusive sneakers that mostly appeal to people who are highly committed to environmental sustainability. This company is extremely popular among the “cultural creatives”, who are educated consumers interested in spirituality (Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation). From its early days, the success of Veja was immense despite its higher-than-average prices on the market. The company needs to owe its popularity to the strategy of utilizing natural and organic materials, including wild latex from the Amazon River, Brazilian organic cotton, and vegetable-tanned leather, that mitigate rubber tree deforestation, enhance biodiversity, and prevent water pollution correspondingly. Veja can be compared to another ethical fashion company Patagonia, which aims to reduce its environmental impact even by discouraging its customers from buying more products and restoring the old ones instead. Conventional firms in the fashion industry are characterized by standardized manufacturing processes and supply chains. Depending on the company’s target audience, either cheap or more expensive materials are used in the production process. In the case of Veja, its founders created an exclusive approach to the creation of sneakers as both of them preferred such shoes and wanted to make them perfect. The company’s business model is based on three core values: “utilization of ecological inputs, fair cotton trade, and respecting the worker’s dignity” (Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation 6). Veja’s fabrication costs were much higher compared to other footwear brands because Kopp and Morillion acquired the best organic materials, funded research and development, and invested in collaborations with dyeing specialists. This business is also known for the avoidance of advertisement, but it was endorsed by the media and appreciated by the public since its early days. Apparently, Veja developed its distinctive feature on the market and attracted many consumers, so there was no need for its acquisition by conglomerates. Veja had such a strong brand identity and popularity on the market that there was no need to become a part of the large company. Even in case, it was acquired by Timberland, its distinctive approach and commitment towards environmental sustainability could fade. By that time, Timberland was already well-known on the market as an environmentally sustainable business, providing outdoor outfits. The most famous boots produced by this company are well-known all over the world. Acquisition of Veja by Timberland could lead to the strengthening of sustainability commitment in Timberland influenced by the corporate principles of Veja. At the same time, such circumstances would not be favorable for establishing the brand
Introduction A work environment is an important consideration in any occupation, regardless of a person’s profession or qualification. Workers of all kinds exist in a collective space, each fulfilling their own tasks and ensuring that a company can continue its operation smoothly. Therefore, it is absolutely crucial to consider occupational safety in the workplace, both in structure and operation. Workers face danger on a daily basis, ranging from possible physical injury to biological and chemical contamination (Montano, 2014). To ensure that every employee can fulfill their job without bodily harm, injury, or lasting side effects, the organization needs to utilize specialists in the field of safety. This theoretical scenario focuses on assuming and fulfilling the role of such a specialist, namely a safety manager. The workplace under examination for this exercise is an amazon facility with the continued operation of many people. Such facilities exist to transport, organize, sort, and ship goods to clients and fulfill many other important duties. However, the warehouse facilities of Amazon have come under scrutiny in recent years as unsuitable for their workers and lacking in many standards. The purpose of this work lies in examining the potential safety hazards present at such a job and presenting a comprehensive plan of removing them. First, the paper will identify some of the potential safety hazards, and then it will establish a plan to counteract the problems and secure a safer workplace. For the purposes of examination, hazards leading to back injuries and biological hazards, in particular, will be the focus of this paper. Potential Ergonomic Hazards Amazon is the largest online marketplace and delivery service in the world, expanding its reach well over the place of its foundation, the United States of America. With the spread and growth of the company, it adjusted and changed the methods of operation, spanning many warehouses and transportation facilities to support its operation. Taking into account the sheer scope of Amazon, it is easier to understand why the company employs so many workers responsible for all kinds of tasks. The present conversation, however, will mostly center on warehouse workers and the occupational safety concerns surrounding them. Starting with a basic work summary, Amazon facility employees are responsible for scanning, arranging, and sorting the products for automatic robots to pick up. This work includes lifting and placing items on special racks for transportatio
Probation and parole are forms of community supervision that were initially created to decrease the prison population in the US. In the early 1800s, prisons became overcrowded, and governors were forced to randomly release offenders to make room for new convicts (Horwitz & Rosaen, 2013). In order to address this problem, Alexander Maconochie and Sir Walter Crofton created an early parole system in 1840 (Horwitz & Rosaen, 2013). The father of probation is considered to be John Augustus, who released over 1,800 people even though they were guilty of minor crimes (Horwitz & Rosaen, 2013). Today, community supervision has slightly different incentives. While parole and probation still allow controlling the prison population, community supervision is also used to lower the expenses of law enforcement and provide the offenders with improved opportunities to rehabilitate (Horwitz & Rosaen, 2013). In other words, the growth of community supervision can be explained by shifting from punishment to rehabilitation of offenders. The cost of incarceration is a considerable burden to the federal and state budgets. According to the National Institute of Corrections (NIC, 2018), the annual prison budget in North Carolina was $23 billion in 2017, which is $36,219 a year per inmate. These numbers are very impressive, as the annual prison budget in one state is greater than the GDP of some of the African countries, such as Chad and Niger. This implies that the cost needs to be considered when determining sanctions for offenders. Community supervision should be promoted for minor offenses, as it is considerably cheaper than incarceration. Probation and parole seem to be a valid strategies to address the problem of spending too much money on prisons. Who Receives Probation? The pre-sentence investigation (PSI) report and the risk-needs assessment (RNA) are extremely important for determining who is eligible for probation. Before the trial, PSI created by the probation officers becomes the central document for determining the future sentence. PSI includes information on the seriousness of the crime, risks for recidivism, living circumstances, sentencing options, and sentence recommendations (Cengage, 2020). According to Cengage (2020), the judges follow the recommendations provided by the probation officers in PSI from 65% to 95% of the time, as PSI is often the only source of reliable information the judge has. The decision-making process for parole release is similar to that of the probation; however, there are some additions. Apart from reviewing RNA and PSI, the parole board also considers the behavior of the convict during incarceration (Cengage, 2020). While hearing the parole case, the board considers the nature of the crime, prior convictions, violence, and firearm ownership. Moreover, the board reviews how well the parolee demonstrated his or her rehab
Antisocial Personality Disorder Diagnostic criteria for this type of disorders reflect the symptoms related to the inclination to antisocial behavior. Failure to conform social norms with respect to lawful behaviors can be caused by experiencing child abuse as being exposed to sexual/physical abuse in the childhood results in law ability to adjust to environment, including social norms and laws. Deceitfulness can be related experiencing child abuse, as the person can lie to avoid constant maltreatment. Being forced to use lies for protection from violence during the childhood leads to the formation of the corresponding habit. Impulsivity can be related to child abuse as such experience inevitably leads to psychological trauma, which causes inclination to act without planning ahead. Kumari et al. found a negative relationship between childhood physical and sexual abuse, and volume in the inferior frontal region of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in inhibition and behavioral control (233). Deficits in this region may cause the inability to plan and regulate one’s behavior. Irritability and aggressiveness might have resulted from being exposed to maltreatment during the childhood as such experience creates a false insight that aggressiveness and physical violence is an effective and acceptable method of influencing other people. Reckless disregard for the safety of others can be related to exposure to maltreatment as a child as such experience disrupts the natural sense of the importance of safety. Beach et al. claim that sex abuse and other forms of child maltreatment create the potential for high levels of stress and deprive the child of a sense of security in the home environment (86). Such situation causes an adult person to put a little attention to the safety of other people. Consistent irresponsibility might have resulted from being maltreated as a child as such experience causes low levels of self-esteem and motivation to fulfill duties. People who have been exposed to child abuse are more likely to be unwilling to take attempts to fulfill obligations because of the fear of failure. Lack of remorse is related to being exposed to child abuse as such experience cause psychological trauma, which results in reducing the person’s ability to analyze his/her behavior and understand the guilty for certain actions. Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnostic criteria for this type of disorders reflect the inability to control emotions and instability of behaviors. Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment might have resulted from a history of being abandoned as a child. The children who have experienced traumatic events demonstrate persistent avoidance of the stimuli associated with the traumatic event (Beals and Scott 32). Therefore, abandonment in the childhood naturally creates a ground for developing a strong fear of being abandoned in the adulthood. Alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation can be caused by the exposure to neglecting in the childhood as such experience causes a severe psychological trauma, which causes the inclination to express judgments based on emotions. Identity d
Smartphone Technology is one of the best innovations developed by the human race in the world today. The ability to improve communication, entertainment, and online education by using smartphones is a milestone in the development of the world. The world has utilized and enjoyed this technology and is looking forward to improving its innovation to fit the high demands as a result of using this technology. Size of market These phones have taken the market by storm since their introduction. The number of smartphones shipped in 2011 was 207 million. This is a significant number especially if you consider the 507 million smartphones installed base reached. The shipped smartphones raised $110 billion in revenue that is a very clear indication of its position in the market today. Looking at individual brands, Apple smartphones and their operating systems lead the way in the most consumed products. It constitutes approximately 55% of the market share and we expect it to encounter very stiff competition from other smartphones like android and blackberry (Gookin 111). The revenue raised from all smartphones was more than that of ordinary phones for the first time. Description of the product category The smartphone has more complex features than other normal phones. The most common features include Basic communicative functions like voice calls and SMS services. They also have multimedia and entertainment features like watching movies and playing games on top of work-related functions like emails and surfing the web. They have many complex components like RAM, LCM and touch panel, wireless transmission module among others. Series 60 by Nokia and Windows mobile for smartphones by MS are the two major platforms for smartphones. The most common operating systems used in smartphones are Windows OS, Android, palm, RIM, Symbian, and WM. Pricing Blackberry and iPhone models are among the most expensive category of smartphones. However, there are many models of smartphones, which are less expensive. For example, one spends about $160 per month in owning and operating the iPhone, compared to $110 per month to have other cheap alternatives of a smartphone like T-Mobile. It is also worthy to note that developing countries find it expensive to purchase or use the iPhones to their maximum. For example in Kenya, the iPhone costs around $ 500 on purchase in addition to other charges on the operation. This explains why we have few smartphones in developing countries. Distribution From the above figures, we can conclude that the distribution of smartphones is lower in African countries and the greatest in America. Europe and Asia are behind America while the Middle East and Africa are the worst in the use of smartphones. Cohn (2012) says that Americans have really adopted smartphones which typifies their way of life. The 2011 shipment indicates 25% of smartphones for America, 21% of shipment to Europe, and 18% of smartphone shipment to Africa. The USA, UK, Russia, and Canada lead the world in the country category of smartphone possession. China, Japan, and India have the least phones. Promotion Smartphone compa