ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This was a clothes store. It specialized in retailing women’s designer clothes and perfumes together with other women’s accessories such as jewelry and shoes. I t was located in Pennsylvania and was the first department store in the region. It was in operation for a total of ninety years, the period between 1870 and 1960. The business was started as a family enterprise owned and run by a small Italian settler in the city of Pennsylvania. However, with time and with favorable market conditions, it flourished to become one of the largest public companies to be listed in the securities market in New York in 1900. At the time of inception, the American economy was barely coming to terms with the changes of having shifted from a largely capitalist to a mixed economy. This shift enabled more and more people financial security and quite several families were raising their standards to a middle-class level. With the widening of this class, people started giving more attention to luxury and their dress codes became of major concern. There was a shift from the second-hand clothes that had filled the market as more people began to demand original first-hand clothes. Women, which were the target market for this store, spearheaded the migration. The first introduction of such designers as Victoria got hold of the market and with every new design that she subsequently released receiving quite a good reception. The prices of these designs never bothered the market that had started laying more importance on quality than the prices (Britton and Jorissen 45). The long lifetime of the store came in 1892 when a decision was made to diversify its product range. Initially, it had operated only in the clothes but from this year such women treasured accessories as perfumes and makeup we’re introduced to the store with a section being expanded solely for them. This was a breakthrough at the time as the clients who had attached more quality to the products from the store could now get all the quality accessories under one roof. The subsequent years recorded great success as the name “Wanamakers” became a household name. This flourishing trend was to hit a snag in the year 1948 when the company first recorded a loss that had not been recorded ever since it was set up. The years to follow became unbearable leading to its final liquidation in 1960. Customer analysis The store was set up after serious scrutiny of the market trends and this was a major contributor to the fact that it survived for so long. Women are more frequent shoppers than men. This was established in the research, the management, therefore, decided to come up with a way of capturing more of the female shoppers could be possible. It was later established that women give more attention to how they look and they take more pride in their attire. This formed the catch, an idea behind which the clothes’ store was set up. The shift to the mixed economy made more people financially secure and people became more at ease buying expensively from the market. This necessitated the sto
Introduction At the end of XX – the beginning of the XXI century, a period of fundamental transformation of international relations, as a system of economic, political, diplomatic, military, cultural and other ties between the subjects of these relations has come. The main international actors, subjects of international law are states, and forms of their international activities, their strategy and diplomacy. The relationship between the states in the international arena are regulated by foreign policy in accordance with the principles and objectives defined directions and methods of governmental activity of one country in its relations with other countries. Intergovernmental cooperation is a crucial, decisive part of all kinds of international relations: political-diplomatic, which are carried out mainly in the formal government structures; economic, the material basis of the entire system of international relations; cultural, and others. It determines the importance of diplomacy – the peaceful activities of government bodies and their missions abroad to implement the tasks of foreign policy. Good international citizenship is one of the primary tasks for every developed country (Dunne & Langlois 2014) Australia’s Position in the International Arena Australia is a country with sustainable, competitive economy. It has a skilled labor force. Many managers and technical staff have acquired scientific and managerial experience in the West. Almost half of the labor staff has diplomas of various educational institutes and university; a large number of scientists and technicians have received international recognition. Australia has the prerequisites for stable economic, political and social growth. In recent years, this led to a substantial increase in foreign investment in its economy. In a relatively short period, there was diversification of the export base of the country. Although, it is mostly raw materials exporter (minerals and agricultural products), gradually a variety of services and supply of various complex industrial products provided by Australia are expanding all over the world. The Australian government continues to adhere to the policy of “open doors” for innovation. Rapid economic growth in the 90-ies of XX – beginning of XXI century was accompanied by a small inflation, low interest rates, and continuous increase in productivity. Australia demonstrates the combination of Western business culture and skilled workforce able to operate a wide range of Asian languages in the region. Using this advantage, as well as advanced information infrastructure more than 840 major representative offices of foreign companies operating in the Asia-Pacific region are located in Australia, many other foreign companies have opened branches to serve its clients in Asia. Australia is the only country in the world occupying an entire con
Labor racketeering can be defined as the illegal use of unions and authority for self-interest. Union labor corruption was perpetrated by, performed in collaboration with, or under the direction of organized criminal syndicates. The beginning of the 20th century set the foundation for labor racketeering and became a law and societal concern (Jacobs, 2020). Until the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was no systematic governmental or enforcement agencies effort to mitigate the issue (Jacobs, 2020). During prohibition, criminal groups chose to generate profit from selling illicit spirits, which maintained the alcohol demand and earnings high. When prohibition was abolished in the 1930s, the mafia’s advanced business-running methods remained (Jacobs, 2020). The most potent groups turned their focus away from alcohol to business, including narcotics, gambling, and prostitution (Jacobs, 2020). However, these were not the only money-making businesses that contributed to the profit diversification. Among other beneficial businesses for the organized crime was labor racketeering through the control of labor unions. There are many reasons why gangs prefer labor unions to other kinds of unions. For example, it can be evident from their choice to control the Teamsters and International Longshoremen’s Association (Jacobs, 2020). With the sources of such unions, members of Cosa Nostra could easily access all kinds of legitimate businesses, including waste management, construction, or demolition. Moreover, they had easy access to healthcare and pension funds from the unions. These legitimate businesses offered them ways to not only traffick illicit substances or people but also cover up their actions (Jacobs, 2020). Among other crimes, the organized groups performed extortions or threatened employers, and solicited or received bribes. Hence, it can be seen that organized crime has always tried to control local businesses and expand their influence with the help of diversification of their profits. Among the main activities of gangs were prostitution, drug trafficking, gambling, and labor racketeering. Labor unions were beneficial to organized crime due to the sources they had. Such unions gave mobsters access to legitimate demolition, construction, and waste management businesses. Reference Jacobs, J. B. (2020). The rise and fall of organized crime in the United States. Crime and Justice , 49 (1), 17-67.
Introduction Terminal conditions are malignant diseases that cannot possibly be treated. The aftermath of these diseases is normally early death. Some of the diseases under this category are heart diseases in the advanced stages and to some extent cancer. “In popular use, terminal conditions indicate diseases which will end the life of the sufferers in a relatively short time. Individuals are said to be terminally ill when they are not expected to live more than half a year.” (Jones, 2002). These conditions have become widespread of late necessitating measures to be put in place for caregiving and comforting purposes. Main body “For the person with a terminal illness, life does not abruptly stop, and comforting is regularly needed” (Jones, 2002). Terminally ill patients are often seen to lose all hope as they feel useless and a burden to the family. This kind of situation together with the feeling of death in a short period makes it difficult to discuss the illness at family levels. Many patients who have these complications believe in handling the situations their way. This encompasses choosing caregivers allocated to them, how they want the disease managed, and the kind of treatment they prefer. Some of these patients do keep to themselves not opening up to other people for comfort, sharing issues, and discussing the way forward. Patients with these characters complicate situations even more as the discussion on medical preferences and other matters in the event of a medical crisis won’t be possible. Therefore this paper is going to focus on death and terminal illness, show family discussions on preferences regarding medical treatment and other matters in the event of a medical crisis and then highlight some of the methods employed in helping loved ones communicate their wishes regarding this issue. This paper will then conclude by giving measures to be embraced in tackling the whole issue of terminal illness and death from the same. Individuals diagnosed with terminal diseases respond differently upon diagnosis. “In general, almost all patients go through various stages of acceptance when a terminal disease is diagnosed. The initial reaction to this diagnosis is always shocking. Most people are shocked that it could happen to them, this generates extreme anxiety especially about the unknown” (Jones, 2002). After this stage, patients often become hopeless and distressed making it difficult to discuss the issue with the family. The situation yet again gets worse because of the obvious aftermath (death). As much as it is hard to discuss this issue research has it that after discussion and proper management the patients readily accept the illness and prepare for the aftermath. Another importance of family discussions is for chatting a way forward as most patients find themselves in situations where they cannot think for themselves. “In some cases, patients could reject conventional medical treatment and pursue unproven treatments such as radical dietary modifications. Patients’
Ms. Klebold was a loving mother who did her best to raise her son as a caring and empathetic person. Dylan’s mental illness that resulted in so-called murder-suicide, a school shooting at the end of which he took his own life, was seen as her personal failure as a parent. Apparently, when it comes to suicidal and homicidal minors, love is not enough because love implies full acceptance. A mother, no matter how conscious and attentive, cannot spot what a professional can. Ms. Klebold did not know that her son needed therapy because he never showed any signs of distress prior to the tragedy. Dylan was very discreet and only shared his violent and self-deprecating thoughts with a diary. Even if his mother were able to get him admitted to a mental facility, his psychiatrists would have a hard time dealing with his concurrent suicidal and homicidal tendencies. Suicidal ideation is a stage four medical emergency: a patient’s sense of self is distorted, and their ability to govern themselves is impaired (Rothes & Henriques, 2018). Homicidal ideation presents a unique set of challenges and requires an urgent risk assessment. Handling these two symptoms is extremely daunting, especially if a professional needs to make decisions in a hurry to prevent a tragedy. Probably the most important point from Ms. Klebold’s speech at a TEDx event is that it is cruel and futile to put all responsibility for school shootings on the shooters’ parents. Dylan’s mother exposed the faultiness of the system that fails to address mental health issues in teenagers and makes access to firearms so easy. It takes a mutual effort of the government, healthcare, and school authorities to solve the issue of mass shootings. As for treatment options, Dylan might have benefitted from a combination of psychotherapy and behavioral therapy. Psychotherapy would help a professional find a humanistic approach to understanding his personal struggles, and behavioral therapy would offer him tools to stop destructive patterns such as self-cutting. Reference Rothes, I., & Henriques, M. (2018). Health professionals facing suicidal patients: What are their clinical practices? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 15 (6), 1210.
Introduction 7-Eleven Inc. was faced by a number of issues in its operations. Its main investors that had supported its operations for a long time were losing faith in the company, as it had failed to perform satisfactorily despite the long years of investors’ efforts. The company was facing stiff competition in the United States, considering that Japanese investors’ expertise could not compete adequately in the different culture. Consumers in the United States found it difficult to embrace Japanese consumables with respect to the cultures that differed significantly. Establishing a niche market in the United States has been generally difficult for 7-Eleven Inc. owing to the fact that consumer perception remains a big challenge. Perceptions of consumers towards 7-Eleven Inc. in the United States have been inclined towards lottery, beer, cigarettes, and gasoline, rather than fresh meals. 7-Eleven Inc Business Options The company had to undertake innovative measures to win over retail convenience store chain consumers. Extending hours of operations is a convenient innovation where customers can still access fresh food products during late hours. Licensing business strategy is also a tangible option to market penetration, where the company acquires licenses from already established companies. Other than innovative ideas such as extended hours of operations and licensing, the company must also consider the option of keeping up with consumer trends. Trends such as population migration from urban centers necessitated a shift of area of operation to satisfy the changing customer needs. With respect to stiff competition from supermarkets moving to extend hours of operation leaves the company with the option of further extending working hours even to twenty-four hours a day. Moves to create more convenience to clients are the winning options towards having a competitive edge over competitors. 7-Eleven Inc. innovation business strategy extends to leasing and franchising its operations and ownership amidst competition and investor exit threats, which would enable the company to improve profitability and free up capital. Freed up capital and increased profitability consequently facilitates the company’s financing of innovative strategies to increase competitive advantage over its competitors. More so, the company may opt to diversify its products and services to clients to cater for a wide variety of customer needs rather than just offering food products and convenience meals. Product and service diversity not only offers the company a wide customer base, but also a source of finance for the company. Advanced inventory distribution and control systems may also be hired or purchased to improve operational efficiency. The 7-Eleven Inc., being a major convenience participant in the convenience industry, needs to remain focused on what customers want, considering that customer needs change from time to time. The concept behind the ever-changing customer needs calls for strong recommendations of the innovative aspect of the business as the only way to remain relevant and convenient to their customers. As societies grow and chang
Introduction The task is a close analysis of Bank of America. This is accomplished by using the SWOT analysis, Porter and Millar’s five forces model, Porter’s competitive strategy, Nolan’s stage model and McFarlan’s strategic grid. Additionally, issues relating to e-business strategy formulation, an evaluation of proposed e-business strategy, discussion of the barriers to the adaptation of m-commerce by the company and evaluation of the critical success factors for the e-business are succinctly covered. SWOT Analysis Strength (S)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    * It has a great brand image and superior customer service.                                                                                         Weakness (W)                                                                                              * There are highly skilled and flexible employees who are well versed with information technology.                                                    * The bank is made of a workforce who is not technologically savvy; this has hindered adoption of IT.   * It has a diverse variety of financial services as well as products.                                                                                 * It has weak whole sale banking operations                                                             * There are strong internet banking services.                                                                                                         * The bank’s website is not very efficient.                                                             * The bank has a website run by the IT department offering customers a platform to fully understand it.                                               * The banks does not have a regularly and adequate budget for the IT department.                        * The bank has a global presence and bales to change accordingly.                                                                                     * Failing in social media presence                                                                      * The organization structure makes it possible to differentiate between the various departments hence there is strong data management capabilities                                                                                                          Opportunities (O)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               * Expansion to international markets                                                                                                                Threats (T)
Introduction The third world countries and more so in Africa have experienced rapid growth in the banking sector. Kenya has not been any exception to the tread in other third world countries. The rapid growth of the demand for banking services in Kenya has resulted to an increased consumer base for most banking institutions. Agency banking has been proposed as an ideal solution for the banking institutions to meet the customer demands without straining their infrastructure and financial capital in opening new branches. Agency banking model allows basic banking transactions which would have otherwise been carried in the banking hall to be executed through the agents. These services include but not limited to withdrawals and depositing. This ability to deposit and withdraw cash using the agents is referred to as ‘cash in and cash out transactions’ (Adero & Liu 2011). Despite the numerous advantages of the agency banking, most Kenyans are yet to embrace this new development (Bank of International Settlement 2009).This can be attributed to the limited information and knowledge on how agency banking works as well as security fears in transacting through the agency banking (Daley-Harris 2009). Apart from decongesting the banking hall in major banks, the agency banking model has the potential to enable the unbanked majority to access financial services. Research studies in Kenya indicate only about 19% of the Kenya adult population have access to formal banking services (Financial Sector Deepening 2011). A furth
Introduction Drug trafficking has become a common problem in modern societies due to the high number of its effects. People have intentionally abused drugs by using them for purposes other than the prescribed ones. This has led to the formation of laws to govern drug trafficking and drug use in most countries that are determined to eradicate this problem. Drugs are not a problem to the society; however, drug abuse causes complications that make them harmful to users and other people. Body A drug is a substance taken to give the user pleasure and satisfaction. People take drugs due to various reasons including treatment of diseases, pain relieving and disease prevention (Mendoza 2010). However, some drugs are used for refreshment and entertainment like alcohol, cigarettes, cocaine, bhang and heroin. Even though, some drugs are used for curative or pain relieving purposes some people misuse them hence causing unintended effects in their bodies. Even though, there are no exact figures to represent the actual problem of drug abuse in the modern society, there are credible statistics that offer information about drug dealing and abuse. The results show that Afghanistan, Russia, United States, Mexico, Colombia, Iran and Australia record high number of drug trafficking, use and abuse. Most drug abusers are youths and adults experiencing stress and depression (Global Commission on Drug Policy 2011). Most people abuse drugs due to lack of jobs that make them desperate and idle. As a result, they resort to abuse drugs to escape from world realities. Moreover, constant family conflicts between couples make them start using drugs and without knowing they end up abusing them. In addition, loss of jobs due to retrenchment or recession makes people abuse drugs as they seek ways of forgetting their predicaments (United Nations 2012). However, most youths abuse drugs after failing to meet their academic expectations. Some also abuse drugs due to pressure from their peers and curiosity to experiment the effects of these drugs. The “War on Drugs” refers to military steps taken to curb drug abuse, production and trade. These steps include fighting the production of prohibited drugs, educating the public on dangers of drug abuse and creating rehabilitation centres for drug addicts. The United States formulated this policy to control the production of prohibited drugs through the provision of monetary support to finance projects aimed at curbing this problem (United Nations 2012). This fight was started in 1914 after various drug abuse cases were reported. Even though, this policy took various faces it has since been adopted by many nations as a way of fighting the effects and prevalence of drug abuse. It is necessary to note that the legalization of prohibited drugs will have various effects in the society. Even though, this will offer room for employment opportunities and development of m