ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The electric automobile industry is gaining traction in the industrialized countries of the world with each passing year. With the environmental awareness becoming critical for new generations of customers, oil reserves becoming shorter, and electricity-based technologies becoming more refined, many analytics claims that the electrical automobile industry is the future of the automotive industry at large. The purpose of this paper is to compare the three primary competitors in the segment using quantitative data, evaluate the factors in the general environment using PESTEL analysis, and look at the threats to industry profitability using Porter’s Five Forces framework. Top Three Competitors in the Industry In order to determine the companies with the best promise and potential for investors, the primary factors to consider include gross margins, profit margin (TTM), and EBIDTA margins. These parameters show the overall profitability rate by the companies in question. Quick and current ratios are also excellent sources of supporting information, as they show the company’s capacity to pay off its debts in the short-term perspective, and the information regarding that tendency in the past few years is very important to the investors. Based on this reasoning, the top three competitors in the industry are Honda, Toyota, and Ford. These companies have some of the highest gross margins, with Honda being at 20.82 in the latest fiscal year, followed by Toyota at 18.01, and Ford at 15.01. Nissan and Tesla, while having a higher gross margin, have lower scores at all of the other parameters, indicating a lower capacity to either pay off debts or maintaining stable growth. Toyota’s EBIDTA margin is the highest of all, standing at 12.84, followed by Honda (7.95) and Ford (6.34). Tesla and Nissan have lower scores (between 2-3 each). General Motors has the highest score of all (11.76), but due to it being at half the gross margin when compared to everyone else. Therefore, while a prospective competitor, it is not one of the three main leaders in the industry at this moment. Honda, Ford, and Nissan also have the highest TTM profit margins, compared only to GM. Tesla has a negative TTM profit margin, and Ford has the lowest one of all. In regards to quick and current ratios, the three primary competitors have a relative parity, and Tesla is having the lowest scores of all. PESTEL Analysis The electrical automobile market in western states like Europe and the US is facing a unique set of challenges that are demonstrated in the following PESTEL analysis:   * Political: Political favors for electric car development and usage in Europe and the US seem to be favorable, as the pro-green ideas and the reduction on the reliance on oil seem to be among the primary political agendas. In the EU, an estimate of 80 billion dollars is going to be spent in the next decade to support the switch from fossil fuel to electric car
Marriott International is an international hospitality company with broad portfolio of hotels and related lodging facilities ; its headquartered at Bethesda, Maryland United States. Currently, the facility has approximately 3,150 lodging properties located in the United States and 68 other countries and territories; the structure at the United States is slight different with the model the company has adopted in the international markets (Marriot Official Website). In the United States, human resources management is centralized at the head office; when someone has an issue, the issue is passed through the outlet manager to the head of human resources without passing through regional heads. As a policy, the company ensures that staffs in a certain location understand the culture, way of life model of operation that can best suit the market. In the international outlets, the company adopts an international human resources management structure, under the model human resources issues are delegated to line or departmental managers who are answerable to head office human resources management team. International human resources management structure looks into issues like cultural differences, cultural intelligence issues, culture literacy are highly advocated for. The supply chain adopted in the United Kingdom is slightly different with the structure that the company adopts in other nations; in the United states, the focus is mostly on domestic suppliers while the international branches makes supply decisions with the directions of the head office. The kind of products to procure is highly determined by the people or the customers’ expectations; depending with the type of customer and the culture there in, the company decides the products and services to offer. For instance, in the United States, the lodgings are made in such a manner that represents the culture of the people. The American style is different from the British style so the company makes decisions on the outfit and structure with such factors in mind (Yueh-shian 89) Customer relationship style also varies with the nation of operation; the company always aims at giving such quality services to customers that can resemble their organisational beliefs or religious orientation. For example Americans greatest population are Christians, the company has structured the facility to resemble the Christian styles in issues that the food served, employees service, and the general structure of the facility. When dealing in a country with a different culture, the management is sensitive to the cultural beliefs and religion of the people. For instance when in a Muslim country, the company offers services that are in line with the beliefs of the religion; this is in the way rooms policy has been implemented/organized to the kind of food and service offered in the joints.
Swimming is the a of moving through water without any artificial support. It has been a very popular activity for many people around the world because of its soothing and relaxing nature. It even developed into a competitive sport at the end of the nineteenth century, leading to sporting events specifically featuring competitive swimming as a separate event. Another popular use of swimming has been in rehabilitation from injuries where patients are soothed by the activity as well as being exposed to light exertion so as to build strength. The activity is known to have been prevalent from the Stone Age. Ancient paintings are seen with people wading through water and some of the oldest works in Western literature such as the Iliad, the Odyssey and Beowulf have characters that swim the ocean waters. In the year 1538, a German professor by the name of Nikolaus Wynmann is said to have written the first book on swimming. After that competitive swimming took hold in Europe with the advent of the nineteenth century and it became an Olympic sport in the 1896 Athens Olympics. There are many different styles for swimming. The most popular one is freestyle which is generally regarded as the fastest which is further proven by the high times clocked in its sporting events. Another one, which gained the most popularity among the British, was the breaststroke. This was because the British did not consider the splashing accompanying the freestyle as socially appropriate and preferred the gentle motion of the breaststroke. A third one, and usually considered the most difficult to master, is the butterfly. It requires more strength to execute as well compared to the other ones. Swimming was initiated as an Olympic sport in the year 1896 at the summer Olympic Games in Athens. It began as a male only competition with Alfred Hajos of Hungary becoming the first athlete to win a gold medal in the event. Women were allowed to participate in the 1912 games in Stockholm for the first time. Soon after the variant methods of swimming started being incorporated as different events and even relay race equivalents were started with competitors representing their respective countries. Swimming has slowly seen some application in industry and scientific research as well. Health facilities and spas started utilizing the activity as a good method to get some good exercise and soothe the body. Therapists that dealt with patients recovering from injuries recognized the benefits of the activity, choosing to let the patients “swim” their way to good health. The use of lifeguards quickly became widespread on all the major beaches around the world where their services were required to spot and save people who may be drowning. Even marine biologists and oil exploration companies looked to good and capable swimming as a crucial skill in terms of the surveys they conducted which required going out to sea or diving deep underwater. One of the most famous men in the worl
The process of changing policy is a rather complex procedure. It is pivotal to take into consideration a variety of internal and external factors. The implementation of the policy connected to the employment of wound care nurses at all healthcare facilities is dependent on political and economic implications (Harding, Posnett, & Vowden, 2012). When it comes to the development of the policy and its consequent implementation, the delegation of responsibilities is an important task. Nonetheless, it is more important to complete the delegated tasks in time. In order to make sure that the task is delegated to a competent individual, the manager should evaluate the previous performance of that employee. The problem is that sometimes the managers cannot foresee the outcomes. One of the most popular ways to mitigate the risk of an incorrectly performed task is the delegation of the task to a team of employees. When at least one of the workers is competent and knowledgeable, the risk occurrence rate of failure tends to zero. On a bigger scale, the manager should delegate the tasks on the basis of the employees’ output and their previous experiences. If the manager disregards this aspect of task delegation, the implementation of the new policy will be in danger. Would care nurses are important due to a number of important reasons. First, these nurses will monitor patients with skin issues. They can also team up with other nurses and follow every patient who has wounds (Eskes et al., 2013). One of the major assets of wound care nurses is their board certification. In addition to this, the wound care nurses may serve as a cost-saving advantage. Another important upside is the assistance that these nurses can provide when it comes to wound prevention (Dutton, Chiarella, & Curtis, 2014). Wound care nurses collaborate with other doctors and perform weekly check-ups of their patients’ skin. They may also be in charge of updating the care plan and performing various skin assessments. By opening the position of a wound care nurse, the healthcare facility will be able to improve career prospects for the employees (Eskes et al., 2013). Additional training sessions may be required to instruct the nurses. In perspective, it is expected to improve patient outcomes, but the administration will have to adjust its financial incentives to the needs of all employees including the new wound care nurses. Another advantage of wound care nurses is that they can serve as a mediator and improve the relationships within an interprofessional team (Dutton et al., 2014). Wound care nurses may also be perceived as the leaders as they rec
Analyze how the use of technology has impacted organizational communication both positively and negatively. How has technology impacted the verbal and nonverbal cues used in interpreting messages? Provide examples to support your position. The use of technology has affected organizational communication both positively and negatively. About the positive impacts, technology allows different individuals within the organization to communicate effectively at the same time (Montano & Dillon, 2005), thereby saving time. Video conferencing is a perfect example of how technology affords organizations the luxury of mass communication. Technology has also improved the speed with which an organization can access information. In addition, technology enables the management to engage the company’s stakeholders more easily (Macnamara, 2010). On the other hand, technology affects organizational communication negatively. To start with, increased use of technology in organizational communication leads to a reduction in face-to-face interactions among individuals. As a result, facial expressions and body cues that are important in face-to-face communication are lost (Macnamara, 2010). For example, it is difficult to communicate your body cues or facial expressions when communicating with a colleague using an e-mail. The use of technology in communication (for example, the cell phone) can lead to work-flow disruption at the workplace. Consequently, employees may fail to meet set deadlines as they spend more time communicating over their cell phones. Sending and reading e-mails is also time-consuming, not to mention that at times, the message may also not be clearly understood. The use of e-mail for example can result in lost meaning in communication through misunderstood text (Macnamara, 2010). Communication via e-mails or social media makes use of short descriptions and abbreviations and this can result in misunderstandings and misinterpretations, further affecting organizational communication negatively. The effect of electronic communication on organizational communication depends on the way an individual organization has implemented technology. Using electronic communication, an organization can achieve its plans and goals quickly. The management can also make quick decisions. On the other hand, overuse of communication technology can lead to a breakdown in organizational communication. Describe a work report that you are
Real-World Negotiation As the task is to plan a negotiation in an interesting setting, the idea is to select a library as a setting. The rationale for this choice is having an experience of bad cooperation, but failing to react to it properly. During one of my previous courses, I had to become a part of a team for completing a project. However, all of the team members turned out ineffective. So, I was forced to complete the task by myself because the mark was collective. As a result, I had to stay up two nights and do work for three people, who did not want to conduct research and write the paper. Therefore, this negotiation planning is an attempt to describe what I should have done to avoid extra work that was unnecessary and know how to react to similar situations in the future. This one is not a spontaneous negotiation because teamwork is a common aspect of learning. The idea of this planning is to be prepared for negotiating with team members so that everyone is responsible for their part of work and no one procrastinates during completing the project. The motivation is to reach an initial agreement that we will meet in the library on a timely basis (once a week) and work together on the paper, reporting on the progress and checking it so that nobody is forced to complete others’ parts to meet the requirements of the task. My interest is that I am responsible for my part only and all work is completed in time. The best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) is that we meet at least once in two weeks (online or phone conference is an acceptable option) so that everyone is confident that other team members are conducting research and developing their parts of the project. In this case, those involved may demonstrate no interest in such a plan and have an aggressive stance because they do not want to spend time on library meetings. Therefore, the idea is to deploy a technique known as negotiation jujitsu. It means that I will not criticize or reject others’ opinions. Instead, I will look behind them and analyze their positions by asking enough questions to understand them so that it is possible to reach my BATNA (Fisher & Ury, 2011). The main feature of the method is to ask questions for understanding their positions. That being said, my negotiation plan includes the following steps:  1. Organize an initial meeting in the library, divide roles, and determine responsibilities;  2. Inform everyone on the criticality of timely meetings in the library with a special focus on benefits, such as being confident in the quality of the completed paper and avoiding the risks of being forced to complete others’ work;  3. Listen to their opinions and make sure that they support me;  4. Offer meetings once in two weeks if the rest of the team members reject my initial idea of meeting once in a week;  5. Introduce the option of online (Skype) or telephone conferences once a week (or two weeks based on their reaction) if they still reject my opinion as well as exchanging files for sharing the progress.
Case study: helping Annie From the case study, helping Annie , we see the school nurse having a meeting with a psychiatrist and a social worker to discuss the possible treatment of Anne’s eating habits and depression. In this group discussion, there is diversity between the members. Although members are in the same line of profession, a psychiatrist specializes in mental problems while a school nurse is specialized in taking care of the patients after they have been treated by the doctor. Therefore, the work of the nurse is to administer medicine to patients after the doctor has issued a prescription. On the other hand, a social worker deals with the general problems of various categories of people such as children or mature people. In most cases, social workers deal with vulnerable and marginalized groups of patients. Therefore, social workers are more concerned with the general welfare of patients. Such diversity in healthcare professions affects the communication style of the members. For example, one of the members says, the psychiatrist, could take notes when the other members are talking and therefore, he does not maintain eye contact with the speaker. In addition, during the discussion, other members who could be the school nurse and the social worker are not taking notes and in the process, maintain eye contact with the speaker. Therefore, they appear more attentive. However, the diversity in the group members does not hinder the communication process. Other than having a meeting, might opt to use video conferencing facilities. This is where phone lines are used to transmit video between two or more people. This method is convenient because group members do not converge in one place but rather, communicate from their offices. The group can also use a one-to-one method where the school nurse meets the social worker and the psychiatrist at different times each. Case study: planning a playground In this case study, a group of members has met to discuss how to raise funds to purchase a playground. In this meeting, members are using both verbal and nonverbal methods of communication. Face to face type of communication is used by the members because they are in the same room. In this group, the members are using some forms of nonverbal communication such as nodding. In addition, some are using gestures and fa
The rational choice approach presented in the book of George Tsebelis demonstrates how the set of requirements helps providing a good comparative analysis. For the author, it is very important to learn more, to improve the personal experience and, as the result, to get an access to the wide information as the source of the ideas, arguments and conclusions. One of the leading theorists in the political science, George Tsebelis sees the main issue of the rational approach in its particular elements or requirements. Depending on the kind of requirements, it is easier or harder to find the most persuasive arguments. For Tsebelis, the rational choice approach is based on two issues such as the weak requirements of rationality and the strong requirements of the rationality, where the first one contains the internal facts and the second includes some specific information (1990 p. 40). In case of the weak rationality, it is impossible to contradict believes and preferences. It is something that can be proved but in a very hard way. The strong requirements, vice versa, contain the information that can be easily connected with the real facts. So, it is possible to compare those believes and probabilities and make a good analysis. Those elements should approximate the reality. In this way, it will be easier to provide the appropriate arguments that support the main idea of the analysis. According to Tsebelis, both weak and strong rationalities should be based on the set of real arguments. The author explores the basement of rationality as sees it as “the model of human behavior” (Tsebelis 1990 p. 46). The rational choice is the main power that helps people provide the clear and concrete arguments and do the actions. The author indicated the salience of the information as a very important tool that helps people do the right choice. It is obvious that when the information is available, people have more freedom and space to make a choice. Tsebelis emphasizes the personal experience and the process of learning as an important method appropriate to the rational choice. The more you learn the more clear choices you can make. An access to the free information helps analysis more facts and make the conclusions according to those facts. Thus, the rational choice approach requires for the personal thinking instead of accepting of the other people’
Having survived a crisis, one is likely to remain affected by the traumatic event. The aftermath of traumatic experiences is recognized as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It represents a complex psychological problem whose treatment varies due to its diverse nature. In particular, different people tend to respond differently to traumatic situations and the situations themselves are unique for each individual. This paper will cover evidence-based practice strategies that can be applied to working with crisis survivors using CBT and IPT. CBT and IPT Strategies As noted by James and Gilliland (2017), PTSD occurs as a response to catastrophic events of natural and man-made character. Since situations that cause PTSD are unique and the experiences are individual for each person, the development and manifestations of PTSD tend to vary as well. Consequently, there are several approaches to treating this disorder. In particular, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is known as one of the most effective treatments for PTSD. Trauma-focused CBT includes such strategies as cognitive processing and prolonged exposure. The former strategy stands for the focus on beliefs that occurred due to a traumatic event. Such beliefs tend to shape perceptions, lifestyle, choices, behaviors, responses, and habits of crisis survivors thus affecting their daily lives. The application of this strategy to work with clients includes concentration on the ideas received due to the traumatic events of the past for the purpose of reevaluation of behavior patterns they dictate. Prolonged exposure stands for the intentional immersion of clients into recreated scenarios similar to the traumatic events they had experienced in the past. This is done for the purpose of helping patients develop a different view on their experiences and emotions thus letting go of the fears they had brought. Interpersonal therapy (IPT) uses an approach different from the one used by CBT. Namely, instead of focusing on the events that caused trauma, IPT concentrates on interpersonal relations of clients and the ways they were affected. Practically, non-exposure is an important characteristic of IPT treatments (Markowitz et al., 2015). For instance, one of the IPT strategies is focused on grief and is applied when working with clients