ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The corporate has a desire to venture into a business of operating gas stations across regions feasible for setting up the business. It is proposed that there will be gas stations, car washing sections, supermarkets, car shop repair and other possible services available for renting to other prospective business corporate and individuals. The scope of the corporate is to strategize its business activities for future growth and expansion. For a new business venture initiative, it is important to consider all factors that will lead to its success, analyze the possible causes of failure, and make sound choices. Value Proposition It is a section that focuses on the value of services offered to customers. The value of proposed products will be of high quality, affordable and readily available. The value of money for the target customers will be the main focus in the various job shops of the filling station. From the gas station, customers will have all the types of gas cylinders refilled at the most affordable prices in the market. The car washing area is proposed to have an automatic pressure washing machine that cleans both the inside and outside parts of a vehicle. This service will assure customers value for their money. In the same category, is a proposed car repair and spare parts section, alongside a supermarket. This area will have highly trained motor vehicle experts offering solutions to all the vehicle’s needs and one-stop-shop services, respectively. From the business venture, customers will get a free windscreen and rear screen washing service for any other payable service or product they purchase. The hypothesis in value proposition is whether third parties in other sections of the gas station business venture will maintain the brand of the corporate among the customers through the various services offered. Customer Segments In this consideration, we will assess the values the business offers to our esteemed customers and for the development of the corporate. The gas refilling and the ones acquiring new complete gas cylinders are the most important customers in the venture. Other customers to the business premise are the customers to the third party business already put in place. These customers will affect the main business directly or indirectly through purchases made. In the quest to attain many loyal customers in the business, it is important for the services rendered in all the jobs to be satisfying. In this segment, the hypothesis inquires whether enough measures have been put in place to ensure the flow of customers in purchasing products and services. Revenue Model The values of the customers who are willing to pay for the products have to be lower than the ones existing in the market. Therefore, it is important for the corporate to strategize on cost reduction measures in order to have lower-priced products. The set price should also facilitate enough revenues for the future growth of the corporate. This category det
Introduction Globalization has attracted many different explanations and definitions across different countries and cultures; however, it simply entails consolidation of people together through communication, trade, and transportation. These factors resulting into globalization positively encourage economic growth of many countries in the world hence reducing dependency of some countries on others. The development of trade encourages investments hence propel wide movement of people, goods, ideas and capital leading to economic growth and development. Globalization aims at developing a world whereby people live freely without limitations of borderlines between states with citizens enjoying the privilege of sharing skills, goods, services, and cultures. Globalization has also led to the acquisition of new technology thus increasing the speed of delivery of goods and services to the citizens. In addition, globalization means an enlarged market resulting to high business profit accruing from investments. Thus, globalization results into creation of wealth thereby alleviating poverty in many countries of the world. Individual countries’ infrastructure and policies can limit the interaction and integration of the citizen with others from outside. Therefore, these factors can greatly influence economic growth either positively or negatively. On the other hand, scholars use theories to explain globalization not only on political and economic points of view but also on cultural and social dimensions. Theories of globalization Theories put forward to explicate globalization differ in the point of view each focuses on and the conclusions drawn. These theories include the world culture theory and the world system theory. The focus of the world culture theories is on the constriction of the world and increases the knowledge that depicts the world as a whole. According to Roland (1991), “… in thought and action, it makes the world a single place” (p. 24). This affirms the intention of the theory to consolidate or pull together the world’s system to become a single place. This means that, different societies and cultures live together integrated in a single place in this case the world and therefore people share cultures, social activities and many other humankind activities. In reference to the world culture theory, globalization stems from the creation and establishment of the international communication and transport networks that has increased good relationship among societal and social boundaries. Critics of this theory argue that, globalization through compression and consolidation of the world to a single place aims at creating a single world order (Tomadj 1993, p. 21). According to the critics, a single world order develops towards single domination of organizations and presentation of human interests as a whole. These encounters can lead to cultural conflicts in a globalized community or society. The world culture theory retains its focus and knowledge of developing a single place for all people to live together harmoniously. In this case, global
Introduction Conflict is an unavoidable occurrence in modern society and life in general. They occur as a result of different reasons and at every level (Folberg et al, 2004) from global levels where states argue over borders and also in families among members over household chores. Since they are unavoidable, it is prudent that they are handled with care so as to mend the differences, and also not to sever delicate future ties among the parties involved. This article is a description of a conflict that I have experienced in one of my class projects. Background It was part of the course syllabus that the students conduct a project in marketing research. This was to be a collective project and all the class members worked together. Our instructor consequently divided us into groups for effectiveness and distributed constituent tasks to each of the groups. It was required that the members of each group consult each other in their tasks for learning purposes. My group was in charge of the marketing mix. The conflict June was working on the promotion but felt that Sally, her partner, did not appreciate her effort. She said that she had spent close to five hours compiling the strategy, but Sally had only taken a five minute look and already began criticizing her work and pointing out mistakes. Sally in turn, accused June of not paying attention and being overly melodramatic. The two could not work together. It would be unfair to reshuffle the group as all other were far into the work and doing so would end up disorienting the whole group. Conflict Assessment As group leader, I was obligated to manage the group to ensure that we not only completed our potion of the work but also do so in a manner that would add value to the project. June and Sally were enthusiastic team mates and their differences needed to be mended to derive their potential and effectiveness. I decided to mediate between the two. This method has been proven to be highly effective and used successfully in sensitive matters like divorce (Kelly, 2004). Moreover, tension was high between the two and negotiation would not be successful. It was imperative that I find a solution to enable them work together and achieve their goals. Theory I realized that there were two differences between Sally and June. Sally was singularly task oriented unlike June who was more of a people person. Furthermore, there was a difference in their personalities. Sally was firm while June needed appreciation and motivation. These, I believed were the biggest challenging blocks that between them. What needed to change was the way they worked together. Resoluti
Both Thomas Schelling and Herman Kahn agree that nuclear weapons serve as efficient deterrence tools. However, the two have different ideologies on just how the weapons play the deterrence role. Schelling argues that nuclear weapons do not have to pose a credible threat in order to be an effective deterrence tool, while Kahn argues that the threat posed by nuclear weapons have to be credible in order to serve the deterrence role effectively. This paper argues that though Schelling’s theory was more valid during the cold war, it is no longer applicable in the contemporary world. In fact, Kahn’s theory seems more relevant considering the different dynamics that has surfaced in the 21 st century threat environment. Schelling proposed that the power of deterrence in the nuclear age is pegged not only on the equality or balance of the nuclear-possessing countries, but on the “stability of the balance” (Pennings 314). This proposition is further supported by his argument that parties in a conflict need to “coolly and rationally calculate their advantages according to consistent value systems” (Schelling 18). Combined, these two propositions suggest that the mere possession of nuclear weapons is not deterrent enough; rather, opponents need to be in an equal position, where a first strike the aggressor party cannot diminish the defender’s ability to strike back. Clearly, Schelling’s views on deterrence were based on uncertainty. More specifically, the theorist suggested that both sides had to be vulnerable for deterrence to work. Notably, Schelling’s theory appeared plausible in 1972 when the US and USSR signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM). According to the treaty, both parties could only have one ABM deployment area, located near each party’s capital city, or at a singled-out deployment area. The treaty held until June 2002 when United States withdrew from it. If Schelling’s theory was indeed plausible, the withdrawal of the US from the treaty could have led to a disruption in international security and peace. Kahn argued that countries use nuclear weapons for two kinds of deterrence; “Deterring an enemy’s first nuclear strike,” and, “using the threat of [our] own first strike to deter lesser aggression” (Levine and Levine 3). (Garnett 76) however notes that Kahn identified three deterrence m
Jury selection is a complicated process. The prosecution and defense must weight whether or not having a particular juror on the panel will benefit or harm their case. In some cases, psychologists are employed to help the attorneys determine which jurors would be the best suited for the case. Jury panels can be easily influenced by the personality of the defendant so that must be taken into consideration as well. Finally, some juries are selected through scientific jury selection, but it is debatable whether or not this method is an effective means of jury selection. First of all, some attorneys will hire psychologists to analyze the prospective jury pool and help pick out which jurors would be the most effective for the case at hand. Attorneys use the process of voir dire to select a jury. Included in this process are preemptory challenges, meaning that each side has a certain amount of times they can dismiss a juror for no reason (Greene, Heilbrun, Fortune, and Nietzel, 2006). Ultimately, the goal in jury selection is to have a jury that is unbiased; however, this does not always happen (Greene et al, 2006). Psychologists or jury consultants typically come into play when the case is high profile (Hutson, 2007). This is because the defendant or defendants can typically afford this luxury. These psychologists analyze the jurors based upon their behavior and advise the attorneys which juror will be the most beneficial to their case (Hutson, 2007). In addition, psychologists are often employed months before the trial and they do research in the community to determine what type of person would be best for the jury (Hutson, 2007). Psychologists work very hard to figure out before the trial begins what kinds of questions the attorneys should ask during voir dire. Secondly, psychologists also help the attorneys choose which jurors they think will react least to the defendant, if he or she has a different personality. For example, a psychologist might advise an attorney against putting a conservative, religious, middle aged man on the jury panel if the defendant is a tattooed Satanist. In addition, they might ask develop questions about the defendant’s personal life in order to figure out how the potential juror would react. An example of this was used in the Kobe Bryant rape case when psychologists had the attorneys as potential jurors how they felt about interracial relationships (Hutson, 2007). If a juror responded negatively about them, it can be assumed that the defense attorney would not want that particular person on the jury because they might judge the defendant guilty. As brief
Introduction In the 19 th century, the ways of creating one’s identity differed greatly from the present ones. Specifically, the male identity of working-class individuals had some peculiarities. As Kaplan notes, some of the most popular locations of the 1830s-1860s men to spend their time and arrange social connections were taverns (592). What is more, violence flourishing in these establishments played a vital role in the crystallization of a new urban working-class culture. The main theme of Kaplan’s article is that tavern violence had an outstanding influence on the development of urban workers’ lives (592). The paper aims at analyzing the scholarly source, tracing the establishment of working-class male identity in the 19 th century, and singling out the most peculiar features of male Americans’ living during the stated period. The main effect on working men’s lives in the 1830s-1860s was made by social gatherings in taverns because those were places where male identity could evolve without any constraints. Taverns as Centers of Social Life One of the reasons why taverns gained popularity in the 1830s-1860s is that their number increased considerably over this period. The major accomplishment of taverns in the development of New York City was in the possibility for men to feel free there. Male New Yorkers of the 1830s and several following decades gathered in taverns after work to relax, have conversations with other working-class men, and generally, to exercise their right to masculinity (Kaplan 592). The latter, however, was not always manifested through peaceful means. Quite often, tavern violence precedents occurred, with the help of which men promoted the creation of a new distinct identity class. Such fights allowed establishing an emphasis on independence and patriotism based on the notion of physical courage declaration (Kaplan 592). Antebellum New York was divided into various parts, so taverns became the locations where different communities of citizens could gather. Not only native-born New Yorkers but also numerous immigrant groups contributed to the development of the new identity. In fact, immigrants played a rather significant role in this process. B’hoys of New York: A Historical Description In the period between the 1830s and 1860s, the most active participants of ta
Introduction The National Health Service (NHS) in the UK has become synonymous with the country’s reputation and government apparatus. However, global fiscal constraints have placed the UK healthcare system in challenging position of scarcity of resources as well as ensuring the best quality of care to the public. Clinical governance was introduced to the NHS in the 1990s to address a series of concerns in quality and safety of healthcare, a response to conditions of increasing demand, consumer participation, cost pressures and litigations (Braithwaite & Travaglia, 2008). Clinical governance can be defined as a “framework through which NHS organizations are accountable for continuously improving the quality of their services and safeguarding high standards of care” (Wilson, 1998, p. 987). It places a duty of responsibility on healthcare professionals and organizations to ensure satisfactory, responsive, and consistent level of care where individual staff cooperate with clinical teams and large systems of quality assurance to best upkeep clinical standards. This paper will examine how elements of clinical governance can play a critical role in maintaining public confidence in healthcare delivery and its quality in the socio-political context of the struggling NHS. Social and Political Context The NHS holds deeply interconnected role within the UK as an institution, often placing it in the midst of social, political and economic contexts and debates. A combination of the global fiscal recessions and UK austerity programmes since 2010, the NHS has shifted its focus. Local areas had to undergo radical reconfiguration of services through a mechanism known as Sustainability and Transformation Plans (STPs) in order to produce cost-effective measures. Hudson (2017) notes this resulted in the cutting of many essential and previously free healthcare services throughout the UK. It became a catalyst for citizen involvement and opposition, publicly highlighting the numerous issues in the NHS and citizen accountability. Accountability is important because in its absence, those in power of decision-making, may act without regard for those whose lives were affected by the actions. In the context of public accountability, the concept of public engagement has been brought forward as a key element in reforming the NHS to be more effective, accountable, and responsive to population needs. Public engagement goes beyond simple opinion polls but rather choosing committed and broad representation of the general public and providing them with essential information, determining ways to represent marginalised groups, eliciting values and expectations and receiving input regarding policy and decision-making. Since the NHS is funded and used by the public, citizens can be perceiv
Introduction Adult learning and its evaluation has a long history and has divergent opinions. Adult learners differ from the young children and therefore the pedagogical learning cannot be effective in their learning. The characteristics of adult learners form the basis for the foundation of the principles which govern their teaching and learning process. Unlike the case of children, adults are propelled and intrinsically motivated to learn hence many theorists have tried to explain the manner in which adult learners experience learning and the influences of such learning. It is worth appreciating the fact that the concept of adult learners extends to the society since they are employees, employers, parents and with other societal obligations. The purposes of adult learning are worth evaluating. Specifically, there is need for the analysis of concepts as they are applied in adult learning taking into consideration the characteristics of such adults. This leads to the question of the roles played by adult educators and learners with the influences of the context of learning determining the nature of adult learning. Consequently, the application of adult learning is linked to its purposes and is worth evaluating as a means of assessment of the process and its contribution to the learners, education system and society as a whole. Purposes of Adult Education Jarvis (2004) points out that adult learners are very unique in terms of their characteristics. He points out that they are usually self directing and with the desire to control their learning process. Further, they are intrinsically motivated to learn and the learning is based on the importance it gives to the adult learner particularly in its application in solving daily tasks hence their desire for a problem-centered approach. This means that the purposes of adult education to the learner are based on the extent to which such learning can help them in their lives (Knowles, Holton & Swanson, 2005). This is mostly linked to job responsibilities or aspirations and other daily task management. Such purposes however differ from one learner to another depending on their learning requirements, objectives, age and other socio economic factors. However, it is worth noting that some adult learners engage in education to achieve their dreams or advance their careers while others engage in education to make their lives better. For example, Londell (2009) asserts that his purpose of learning was linked to getting to understand his job responsibilities. Adult education in the setups of training programs especially at the work place is designed to make employees more knowledgeable thus more effective in their job duties (Wlodkowski, 2008). Due to their desire to be self directed, adult learners use education to become enlightened. For example, adult learners may take up financial literacy classes to manage their finances better, or health training to improve their lives and those of their children. Concepts in Adult Education Adult education is based on various principles of adult learning one of which is that assessment should not be based more on grades but on coachi
Introduction There is a rather high number of unemployed individuals across the majority of the states (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021). Throughout the past decade, the US economy proved to be much stronger than during the 1960s and the 1970s (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013). Recovery Stage Different employees are in high demand because the majority of businesses across the US are redeploying their operations (Finamor & Scott, 2021). A reduced number of job opportunities that depend on one’s employment status (essential vs. non-essential) have to be removed from the bigger picture (Petrosky-Nadeau & Zhang, 2021). Future of the Unemployment Rate Projections made by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2021) and Larson and Sinclair (2021) uncover the potential that the US economy holds in terms of how quickly it can move through the business cycle. There is a certain acceleration trend that makes numerous businesses move forward and hire more people in order to maintain sustainability and reduce the inflation rate (Choi et al., 2021). Future of the US Economy Federal spending will be an opportunity to spark labor force growth and gain more insight into the patterns of the local economy (Petrosky-Nadeau & Zhang, 2021). In line with Choi et al. (2021), higher employment rates should be supported irrespective of the amount of resources required to maintain the process.