ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Ethical consideration in business dealings is of great significance; especially in the current technologically oriented society. Being an integral of culture, ethics remains the only key value in the society that can bring harmony and coherence for co-existence in the currently integrated society in terms of culture. As a result of global interaction in various business activities; e-commerce has become inevitable to enhance consistent and continuous communication among businesses and their clients. In this respect, therefore, corporations and businesses need to be covered by common law in their operations to ensure ethical dealings in business are enhanced. Vividly, this has been triggered by the advancement of technological levels leading to the easing of communication across the world leading to e-commerce. This paper discusses the theory of utilitarianism in global e-commerce business dealings (Mallor et al., 2010). Perhaps, the theory of utilitarianism in businesses is based on the technological perspective of the business dealings whose main concern is the satisfaction of the business clients. It is of great importance to note that, business dealings in contemporary society ought to be based on ethics; to avoid any alienation among the businesses and their clients. Considering the current technologically oriented society fraudulence has thrived to great depths; in which international business dealings have been done online through the use of the internet. In reaction to this, the International Business Corporation has developed laws and strategies to govern businesses so as instill ethical values among businesses and their clients globally (William & Freeman, 1995). Certainly, the moral part of business dealings in the current world remains inevitable; in which all the parties in any business activity ought to accept and respect each other in all aspects of the dealings. As it is in utilitarianism theory, businesses must provide their clients with commodities and services capable of meeting their expected satisfaction levels. More specifically, businesses ought to consider the level of standards and quality of their services to ensure that they meet their customers’ expectations and preferences. Generally, all stakeholders in businesses are required to maintain a high level of dignity and show moral consideration in all business activities; to ensure consistency and coherence in business operations (William & Freeman, 1995). More so, various codes of behavior ought to be adopted to instill social values like integrity and sincerity among business partners to enhance ethical dealings in international business dealings. Further, e-commerce dealings need to be closely monitored to curb any false and fraudulent dealings among busines
Archaeology and Pop Culture: The Commercialization of a Study The study of archaeology has seemingly undergone a transformation within the past few decades with the public interest in the field growing to unprecedented levels. In order to meet this demand, various organizations such as the National Geographic Society have created programs geared to show the world of archaeology to the general public. While such actions are a step in the right direction towards increasing public awareness of the value of learning about humanity’s historical past and origins one must wonder whether the rampant commercialization is not adversely affecting the field itself. The article “2,000 year old nails may be tied to the crucifixion” by the Associated Foreign Press details how two Roman nails found in the burial cave of a Jewish high priest, supposedly the very one who handed Jesus Christ to the Romans to be crucified, are now assumed to be the very nails used in the crucifixion of Christ himself (AFP Global Edition 2011). First and foremost, what must be understood is that with the inexorable march of human progress details regarding the past are often buried and forgotten under layers of dust and sand, the result is that when sites and artifacts are often uncovered the precise detail behind their original meaning and use is often lost to the annals of history and it is up to the archaeologist to discern what is fact from basically wild speculation. In the case of the two Roman nails, an Israeli filmmaker and documentarian Simcha Jacobvici immediately made the sensational connection between the nails and that of the historical crucifixion of Jesus Christ. It must be noted that Jacobvici is the creator of the popular archeological series “The Naked Archeologist”, commonly broadcast on the History channel (AFP Global Edition 2011). In this particular case, the article presents distinct divisiveness in the world of archeology between the academic archaeologist and his pop-culture counterpart the enterprising documentarian. For seasoned archeologists, the presence of nails within a tomb, despite an apparent connection to Christ, cannot be immediately attributed to them being the very ones used in the crucifixion. During the Roman Era, thousands of people were crucified and at times the nails used for the crucifixions were in fact recycled. To immediately connect the nails to those used by Christ without any evidence to back up such claims is verging on academic dishonesty. Yet filmmakers and documentarians who use archaeology in their various films are at times not concerned with historical accuracy but rather on the controversy and interest their films create which increase the likelihood that they will be viewed. For me, this article is important in that it clearly shows the divisive culture that is currently encompassing the field of archeology wherein the validity of academic rigor is being contested by the cheapness of entertainment value. Similar in context to the finding of the nails of Jesus co
Introduction The inclusion of the political dimension in the causes of slum development is the most incisive stage in analyzing the population of slums. It is imperative to acknowledge that the darkness of the slum situation is caused by the exclusion of millions of people from the formal economy. The political structure confines people to a disorganized industry with a guerrilla uprising which is only common with underdeveloped countries. This is not to be taken as a normal practice that comes with urbanization. The marginalization of a large percentage of the population is a political strategy to have economically oppressed people who work more for less pay. It is these people who end up in slums. It is impossible to come up with labor unions as the slum dwellers are under informal work conditions and are therefore not allowed to join unions. Main Body The informal sector has contributed to the fastest growing social class in the world which is poor. These are thriving in a paradise of deregulation in which hopes of better futures exist. The reality, however, is that not even the essential needs of human living are provided for under these circumstances. The slum dwellers are living in the hope of job creation by the government. It should be noted that there are no new jobs created for these people. The existing jobs are subdivided. This, in turn, amount to the division of the income so that with every new employee, the existing employees will earn even less. Bauman’s postulation that there exists a division of the world into two, tourist and vagabonds, is similar to Davis’s division into the rich and the poor. While the tourist is benefiting from the ability to traverse the globe, vagabonds are forced by circumstances. Not many people can identify themselves as either tourists or vagabonds a fact which reduces the validity of Bauman’s suppositions. This take is overly graphic and clashes with the oppositions that postmodernists doubt. The high population of slum dwellers can be attributed to the migratory pattern that Bauman refers to as the vagabonds. They neither enjoy the relocation process nor appreciate the need to travel. Vagabonds give tourists the psychological satisfaction that the poor give the rich. It is comforting in both scenarios to have someone of lesser importance to look down upon. This reinforces the feeling of achievement or wellbeing for the tourist and the rich. Tourists and the rich have another thing in common, the immunity against constraints of time and space. Life is therefore in a hyper-reality with no boundaries. It is this contrast in lifestyle that Davis supposes will result in conflict and violence in the streets. The poor live in a world where the virtual and the real are sharply in contrast. They are therefore envious of the good life of the rich and are constantly under oppression. The impending war against terror is merely a struggle for existence between the rich and the poor. I relate the treatment of vagabonds
Management and Communication problems in a Daimler and Chrysler Issue identified in the scenario that is also facing the company The merger between Daimler and Chrysler was designed to create a complex multinational automobile manufacturer with a market worth of more than $130 billion. The merger between Daimler Chrysler had many issues and the main ones related to the ego of Benz which regarded itself as the dominant partner and persisted in enforcing its management models as a form of right. This very much hurt Chrysler, which was at a financial disadvantage. There were also problems with workers unions in both plants who feared that jobs would be lost. The pay of German workers was lower than that of US-based Chrysler. The Germans demanded parity in pay and wanted a substantial hike in the salary while the Americans were not ready to accept any salary cuts. (Schulten Thorsten, 1998). Another problem was with Kirk Kerkorian who was the single largest private shareholder in Chrysler Corporation and had bought a 10% stake in 1990 in Chrysler and this grew to more than 15%. He had made a hostile bid for Chrysler which was fought by the management and he now claimed that he had lost billions (Kerkorian, 2007). How the company applied the concepts in response to the issue The management attempted to provide some solutions to the wide issues that were reported. They were successful in solving the immediate problems but unfortunately, the issues were so widespread that the solutions could not help to ride the company over. Certain chan
With the development of computer technologies, the auditing profession has changed significantly. Before the appearance of different applications and software, auditors had to perform all the auditing operations manually. However, information technologies (IT) facilitated these processes, changing the means and the approach to the profession. Nowadays, auditors are doing tasks using computer applications because current technologies make their work faster, more efficient, and cost-effective, and they produce less waste. The electronic auditing systems enhance the speed of the auditing process and allow auditors to share the reports with different users immediately. The fast speed of retrieval of data stored in the computer memory allows reviewing the observations and operations quickly and efficiently. The internet-based technologies give the possibility to retrieve data from any place in the world, using cloud-based accounting. Cloud accounting is an online accounting system that enables customers to utilize computers and other devices to attain accounting functions (Yoon, 2020). The use of blockchain-based platforms, where data are saved in blocks and linked with the help of cryptology, makes all financial transactions faster and safer too (Yoon, 2020). All these and other technologies are important because they accelerate all financial and auditing processes without compromising quality. Besides, computer applications and software ensure the accuracy, certainty, and efficiency of the auditing processes. Nowadays, one auditor may use multiple automated accounting software for creating financial reports and analyzing data from different customers at the same time. Moreover, electronic software helps detect errors or fraudulent transactions quickly, enhancing the efficiency and quality of auditing processes. Historically, auditors made all calculations and analyses manually, which was not always accurate. Fraudulent activities were more frequent because it was easier to feign the data or lose auditing books or financial reports. At present, fraudulent activities are also possible, but they are easier to detect and control because the information is stored in computer databases and can be checked quickly. Alshahairi and Alhosban (2019) discovered that the account control systems can detect de
Law enforcement in the United States is counted with confronts of organizing an ethnically and religiously assorted population. With the initiation of ambiguities and courtroom technicalities, the field officials have to pursue the constitution in all phases to send the guilty to prison. Interrogation of an indicted suspect is frequently an instrument used by law enforcement to obtain a confession. Many methods are used by police investigators in attempts to obtain a confession during an interrogation. The foundation of interrogations, in my opinion, is aimed at finding the truth. One notes certain limitations in determining whether the confession obtained was voluntary. The limitations governing the police relate to the due process test and that of confessions obtained during custodial interrogations. Many of these interrogations are questionable or in violation of Miranda. Whenever a question is as to the possibility of violation of any limitations in an interrogation, prosecutors usually seek to use impeachment. According to the text, “Brian v. the United States” the Supreme Court held that for a confession to be voluntary, it must not have been extracted by or obtained by any sort of threat or violence, nor could it have been obtained by any means of direct or implied promises, no matter how slight. The issue at hand , in this case, involved the totality of circumstances in assessing the volunteerism of the confession. (Williams, p – 209) The next issue at hand when dealing with custodial interrogations is Miranda. Miranda was developed due to issues involving the case of Miranda v. Arizona. The Miranda process was established to ensure that the suspect was adequately and effectively advised of his or her rights, and to ensure that the exercise of these rights was fully honored by the police.” This was an apparent attempt of the court system to reco
Introduction Drug smuggling, also referred to as drug trafficking refers to a system of distributing drugs either across a country or a number of them. Drug prohibition which has varied across nations contributed to the illegalization of drugs, whose usage and distribution were otherwise legal. For example, although the usage of opium brought into China through British merchants in the 1800s in a lucrative system was illegal by imperial decree, the United Kingdom forced China to allow the British merchant’s trade opium. History of drug smuggling All the drugs sold to consumers in the United States are produced outside the country except Marijuana and methamphetamine. Drug smuggling has had a history of business of the drug cartels like the Medellin and Cali cartels (Prough); which are organized by specialists in separate processes along the supply chain and of different sizes, and may comprise of low-level street dealers, middlemen who act as contractors and street gangs. Drug distribution is through secret channels like ingestion in places where it has been criminalized. Primary drug smuggling methods that have been utilized in history include usage of vehicles with hidden stashes to cross official borders and usage of pickups and backpackers loading through remote. More recent reports indicate that these cartels may have reverted from old skills for example usage of price-fixing large and massive cartels to those flexible exchange networks that “expend and retract according to market opportunities and regulatory constraints” in the Columbia drug trade (Kenney). Misunderstanding of such trade may therefore lead to inefficient war on drug trafficking among the authorities. Distribution channels have also been linked with terrorism as a finance sourcing of terrorism groups especially those along main drug-trafficking routes or drug-producing regions. These groups range from the right-wing extremists to leftist guerrilla movements, and other groups of certain religious settings (Stepanova). Today, drug smuggling ranges from the more traditional forms to modern forms. The history of drug smuggling has been linked with usage of multipurpose tunnels dug underground. In addition, using technology to fight against drug abuse has yielded benefits. Inmates have been indicated to receive drugs through mails and this has led to need to use technological systems that can detect up to less than a nanogram in the prison mailrooms. In a 2000 mailroom survey carried out by National Institute of Justice (NIJ) in partnership with the Counterdrug Technology Development Program Office (CDTDPO) Department of Defense of the United States, it was found that relatively small quantities of drug were smuggled into individual mails
Introduction Whether we like it or not, the American concept of beauty is entirely dictated by the media. When we look at magazines, billboards, movies, advertisements, and television shows, most females are represented to be this tall, svelte, sophisticated, and usually blonde young woman. Usually, she has this symmetrical body figure, clear skin, and long shiny hair. This is why most Americans possess these prevailing expectations about beauty and body shape. Anything that negates from that female image may be regarded as ugly, obese, or imperfect from what media has represented to be as their model for a beautiful woman. Both overweight and anorexic people are assumed to be weak in character, slaves to their appetites or media images. Because they do not conform to the media concept of beauty, they may be viewed as “disfigured” or “strange” in appearance. However, what constitutes disfigurement is just a matter of interpretation. Of the millions of cosmetic procedures done every year in the United States alone, many are performed on women who would be objectively defined as having a normal appearance. Thus, we can succinctly say that the problem is in the concept of American society of what real “beauty” is all about. “ Caught with a Centerfold” by Jennifer Silver In the article of Jennifer Silver entitled “Caught with a Centerfold”, she finds herself questioning and comparing with the appearance of a shapely female model represented in the Playboy magazine that her boyfriend possessed. It is quite disconcerting on her part that she claims that she is a feminist but then she wondered what it is to be like to have that physical beauty of a woman that her boyfriend fantasizes about. This natural reaction of women when they discover how men look at them would make many women feel uncomfortable with themselves. Often, this pushes them to lose confidence in their appearance as they usually compare themselves to women with large bosoms and almost perfect figures. “ Shallow Hal” This concept of beauty is deeply exemplified in the film “Shallow Hal” also. In this movie, a man named Hal (Jack Black) is a typical American guy who looks into the physical aspect of the beauty of every woman he meets. Because of this, a self-help guru imparts him with the ability to see only inner beauty. He then sees Rosemary (Gwyneth Paltrow) as very beautiful, unaware that she is obese. Rosemary takes Hal to her parents’ house, where Hal impresses everyone by defending her appearance. When Hal took reverse therapy, he realizes the truth and Hal deserts Rosemary and hides out at his apartment. Hal’s ex-girlfriend Jill takes him to dinner, planning to seduce him. Rosemary caught them together moments before Hal decides to choose her over Jill. Five days later, Hal gatecra
Attention Getter Virtual reality is gradually becoming one of the mainstream trends in the contemporary world. Many technology manufacturers are now focused on the production of their own VR devices. Commonly, such devices are viewed as tools for entertainment. However, as pointed out in an article published in Time Magazine in 2013, virtual reality has a lot of benefits to offer to the fields of healthcare, military, education, gaming, and simulation, to name a few (Terhakopian par 1-15). Introduction to the Topic The rapid development and the growing popularity of virtual reality raise a logical interest concerning the advantages and disadvantages that are related to the application of this new technology in various spheres of knowledge and activities. Relevance Statement Did you know that just like any other modern technologies (smartphones, computers, mp3 players, for example), the technology of virtual reality is likely to enter our daily life in the near future? That is why it is important to explore what benefits and concerns are associated with its use today. Credibility Statement The information for this speech was taken from the most credible sources such as books, Time Magazine , and The Guardian – a world-renowned newspaper and portal. Thesis Statement Virtual reality is a fast-developing technology that carries a multitude of benefits for such professional fields as healthcare, education, military, versatile training, psychology, psychiatry, and entertainment; however, the technology is currently at the stage of development and has a set of weaknesses that prevent it from being widely applied. Preview First of all, in this speech, I will focus on the introduction of the technology of virtual reality and its description. Further, I will move on to the exploration of its benefits (current as well as potential) and the spheres where the advantages of virtual reality technology can be applied. Finally, I will move to the weaknesses of the technology, its drawbacks, and the areas that still need development. Introduction Sherman and Craig, the authors of the book titled Understanding Virtual Reality: Interface, Application, and Design that was published in 2003, pointed out that the concept of virtual reality is tightly connected to the notion of a virtual world (7). Did you know that the virtual world is something we face every single day? It can be encountered when you watch a film, a play in a theater, or read a book. The imaginary stories happening on the stage, screen, or in one’s imagination are defined as the virtual worlds. When it comes to virtual reality, Sherman and Craig emphasized that the major element that distinguishes it from the virtual world is immersion (7). In other words, in the virtual reality, the viewer is placed within the fictional scenario and can interact with it on a physical as well as mental level. Benefits of Virtual Reality Did you know that it is the physical and mental types of im