ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Media plays a significant role in moulding relationships between the majority and the minority communities. It acts as major sources of information that greatly contributes to the integration between the two communities. On the other hand, the manner in which the media portrays the minority groups influences the way in which the majority communities perceive them (Cohen & Jock 2004). Media acts as a major source of information to the minority communities for they do not have another channel through which they can know what is happening in their country. Besides educating and informing the minority groups, media also contributes to the establishment of the majorities’ perceptions towards the minorities. Therefore, the order in which the mainstream media addresses the issues affecting the minority communities is very critical to the relationship between the majority and the minority communities (Cohen & Jock 2004). For instance, if journalists lack professionalism in covering issues affecting the minority communities, they might spur the majority to hate the minority groups. In the United States, the minorities have made significant strides towards liberating themselves from the oppression by the majority communities. Currently, the minority groups own property, they have overcome segregation, and they exercise their democracy through voting. Despite managing to liberate themselves to some level, the minority groups are yet to overcome the supremacist and racist ideologies that prevail in the contemporary society currently (Devroe 2004). The entertainment, film, and media industries are the main channels that have continued to propagate such ideologies throughout the country. Since the epoch of racism, media has continued to under-represent the minority communities, which has led to the majority communities perceiving the minority as inferior thus the numerous oppositions between the groups. This paper looks at how the media contributes and reproduces the opposition between the minority and the majority communities across the globe. The role of the media in the public presentation According to Donohue, Tichenor, and Olien (2005), “the media occupies a key site and performs a crucial role in the public representation of unequal social relations and the play of cultural power” (p.119). Through media representation, the represented audience has an opportunity to develop its identity by understanding how the public perceives it and what the public does not know about it. Downing and Husband (2005) posit, “Through media, social interests mobilised across society are marked out from each other, differentiated, and often rendered vulnerable to discrimination” (p. 127). Nevertheless, the media may also lead to the affirmation of cultural and social diversities, and additionally offer a critical room through which people may alter, challenge, and resist the forced identities or interests of other groups. Currently, the media scenery is changing at a high rate. Local and global imp
The use of budgeting in a company makes it possible to plan and control the utilization of the company’s resources, coordinate various departments’ activities, and manage their contribution to achieving the company’s goals and objectives. If a company uses a project-based approach to operations, a separate collection of actual indicators and planning for each project must be organized thoroughly. The most challenging step in project budgeting is to agree on the budget with financial experts at the end of each planning stage. There are several such stages: project preparation, start-up, implementation, and adjustment. The management accounting policy makes it compulsory to agree on the project budget for each project phase. I consider this stage to be the most difficult because it requires a detailed and responsible analysis of the drawn-up budget (Gupta, 2017). In addition, the budget reconciliation phase must include the preparation of supporting information. The budget justification consists of analyzing whether the specified costs in the budget are sufficient to carry out the project. The finance department assesses each item based on current market prices for comparable services or materials, checking that allowances are calculated correctly. After the budget check, a cost-benefit analysis is carried out, and the critical project indicators are recorded (Aziz & Shah, 2021). To approve the project budget, one needs to ensure that these indicators are aligned with the company’s goals and that the project is implemented with maximum efficiency at the specified cost. If the project has a complex cost structure and several subdivisions, it is advisable to conduct additional sensitivity analysis. This will allow one to assess the impact of various factors on the project’s bottom line.
Introduction A common aspect of television shows “Power” and “Empire” is their domineering villains. These are James St. Patrick (also known as Ghost) and Lucious Lyon (or simply Lucious), respectively. The latter is the head of a family-owned music recording company called Empire Entertainment. The company was founded with illicit proceeds of the drug trade which also involved his wife, Ms. Cookie Lyon (Strong & Daniels, 2015-2020). Lucious faces several intrigues, both familial and business-related. Ghost is a major drug dealer who operates a nightclub called Truth in a bid to launder his ill-gotten riches. Moreover, he plans on exiting the narcotics business, although this aim is derailed by objections from his wife Tasha and friend Tommy (Kemp, 2014-2020). Both villains navigate the demands of friendship, crime, power, betrayals, as well as downfalls; although each has his own strategy for balancing these issues. Love Towards Their Families Cookie has spent time in jail, and it was during that period when Lucious started a relationship with Anika Calhoun. Andre, the firstborn, has mental challenges, a problem which will be later determined to be genetic. Jamal, the second-born son, is gay, and this fact has displeased his father. The last born son, Hakeem, is stubborn but also a talented rapper. Despite the family-related challenges he faces, Lucious is committed to keeping united. He is purposefully grooming his sons to run the business after him, although not everyone agrees with his methods (Strong & Daniels, 2015-2020). However, he is determined to keep the family values and even demands that his children obey their mother. Ghost loves his children, and it is one of the main reasons why he is trying to make the relationship with his wife Tasha work. He enrolls his son at Choate, a prestigious private school, in an endeavor to secure the boy’s future (Kemp, 2014-2020). Even though the relationship with his wife ultimately fails, he still wants the children to maintain close contact with their mother. Lucious and Ghost, therefore, value their families, but their lifestyles are not typical of noble fathers. Both are Overachievers Even after being told that he has Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Lucious continues his work as usual. His attitude towards work and perfection ultimately starts to take a physical toll on him. Despite this, he remains actively involved in day to day running of the business, and there is a scene where he directs his team while still at the hospital. Although he works together with his children on the same premise, there is hardly any opportunity for personal interactions (Strong & Daniels, 2015-2020). He is always in a hurry to address an urgent matter, and everyone seems to have appreciated this fact. Lucious has no social life or close friends beyond his workplace, and this is also observed with Ghost. Ghost has a hands-on approach, especially in regards to running his nightclub, Truth, where he actually dies. Even though he loves his children, time is limited for them to be together as he has numerous work-related
This paper explores the concept of power balance in international relations. States and individual leaders seek power for two reasons. Power is capacity to influence others and capacity to defend oneself against aggression. The fear of aggression from the other and desire to dominate the other is what drives states towards either armament or alliances. Traditionally, armament was the sure way of acquiring relevancy and influence across borders (Weiss, 21). In the world of today, power balance relies more on collective security than any individual nation’s might. The United Nations plays an important role as a power balancer. Despite established collective security mechanisms, the realization of collective security is highly depended on the commitment of the major powerful nations or blocs e.g. the US, Emerging European Union and China. Power is a dynamic concept that can only be understood in context. In international relationships, power is defined as the goal towards which all states and leaders tend (Krasner, 8). This position towards which all states and leaders tend is characterized by capacity to influence others. Influence over others can be exercised in a coercive way, via persuasion, through cooperation or by direct competition e.g. in trade for given scarce resources (Weiss, 58). A state with more power has capacity to influence issues around the world more than other states. Any world leader is considered powerful when his or her influence on international matters is of more considerable magnitude than others. Power comes with having a privileged position warranted by either higher access to resources or higher knowledge in given issues (Krasner, 124). State power is determined by state’s economic status and military endowment. Through liaising or formation of alliances, some powerful entities have been formed that wield a lot of influence or power international. An example of such an entity is the NATO which wields much military power and thus has a lot of influence in world power balance. The main reason why governments or states seek to be influential or powerful in the international scene is that power equals security (Krasner, 177). The most powerful of all nations is one whose economy is stable and diverse enough. It is the resources at one’s disposal that determine the resources that can be at his or her disposal in the near future. Such a country also has enough military security guaranteed by its level of military sophistication and prowess (Krasner, 178). It is not enough to have resources; the resources have to be modifiable into capacity with swift expedience. In a state of war, the state that manages to deploy and respond with highest expedience often gains an upper hand. It is not just in physical war but even psychological or ideological war; expediency and propaganda often determine level of influence of a nation in world
Auto taking and larceny Auto taking is the criminal act of stealing or attempting to steal a motor vehicle. It occurs when a person “drives or takes a vehicle not his or her own, without the consent of the owner thereof, and with intent either to permanently or temporarily deprive the owner thereof of his or her title to or possession of the vehicle, whether with or without the intent to steal the vehicle” (California Vehicle Code, Section 10851). Several types of auto taking are generally identified, such as theft, joyriding, carjacking, and fraud. Auto taking can be broken down into several elements. The first is the actual taking of a car that can be performed by breaking into a car, towing, taking an unattended vehicle with the keys visible, taking a vehicle by force, or illegal acquisition via fraud. The second is the absence of the owner’s consent, because if a perpetrator has permission, it cannot be considered an offense. Exceptions include the cases when a perpetrator believes and can prove that they have lawful authority to take the vehicle, or that the owner would have given them permission in the circumstances of the offense. The third is the motive behind the crime, which can be to either permanently or temporarily deprive the owner of their possession of the vehicle with the intention of driving it for some period of time, stealing, or selling it. Auto taking is different from larceny, which is a crime involving the unlawful taking or theft of another person’s property. Larceny is performed without the consent of the owner and with the intent to permanently deprive them of their property. While auto taking may be intended to temporarily take possession of the vehicle (for example, for joyriding), larceny always aims to take permanent possession of an object. While the object of auto taking is always a vehicle, larceny can be directed to any item of a person’s private property. Hal and Ether’s case In Hal and Esther’s case, their reciprocate hostility towards each other resulted in both of them performing actions that can be considered as violations of the law. Hal took and hid Esther’s bicycle, and later licked her ice cream left in the fridge in the student lounge. Esther threatened Hal with an unloaded gun and took his textbooks, telling him that she will return them if he leaves her and his wife Mary alone. Considered from a legal point of view, these actions can be regarded as offenses against person and property. Hal has been accused of illegal behavior in two incidents. The first occurred when Hal took Esther’s bicycle, rode it a few blocks, and left it behind a bush. This is a crime that cannot be classified as either larceny or robbery. First, it was not intended to take permanent possession of Ether’s vehicle, which is a part of the definitions of both larceny and robbery. Second, the bicycle was not taken by force, threat of force, or by putting a victim in fear, which are the characteristics of a robbery. Third, the inciden
Introduction Euthanasia is not about helping ill and dying people to end their pain and bring comfort. People with serious diseases do experience pain, however, they should not be rejected in their right to palliative care. Euthanasia gives people such as doctors and family members an opportunity to decide who has the right to live and who should die. Leaving aside the religious arguments, euthanasia weakens the societal respect for the sanctity of life as well as there is no proper way of regulating it. Euthanasia is a starting point leading to killing of people who are marked as undesirable. Main body From ethical standpoint, acceptance of euthanasia is based on discrimination. In other words, euthanasia promotes the assumption that some people (disables or sick) are less worthy than others (“Overview of arguments against euthanasia”). Patients with deadly diseases and disabilities causing physical and psychological sufferings cannot decide by themselves what is in their best interests. Euthanasia affects the rights of all people, including the rights of patients. A patient who refuses to go through a fourth bound of chemotherapy is not committing suicide, but rather accepts the inevitability of his death. A doctor who withdraws the treatment of ill person does not kill a patient, but rather refuses to prolong the patient’s life. Thus, euthanasia is intentional act to end a patient’s life (Muehlenberg). From practical standpoint, euthanasia leads to impoverishment of good care for terminally ill patients. Moreover, euthanasia is not necessary if palliative care is properly provided. Currently there is not way to regulate euthanasia. Undoubtedly, euthanasia is a cost-effective method, however, it discourages the search for new cures. Euthanasia undermines the core values of life and decreases the motivation to provide care for the dying. Acceptance of euthanasia gives too much power to healthcare specialists. “Legalizing the deliberate killing of humans fundamentally undermines the basis of law and public morality” (Beale and Horner). From patients’ standpoint, euthanasia pressures vulnerable people to end their lives. Selfish people create moral pressure on elderly. Terminally ill people understand that their death will free up medical resources that could be used for other patients. In addition, there are many patients
The invention of the computer in 1948 is often regarded as the beginning of the digital revolution. It is hard to disagree that computers have indeed penetrated into the lives of people have changed them once and for all. Computer technologies have affected every single sphere of human activities starting from entertainment and ending with work and education. They facilitate the work of any enterprise, they are of great assistance for scientists in laboratories, they make it possible to diagnose diseases much faster, they control the work of ATMs, and help the banks to function properly. The first computers occupied almost the whole room and were very slow in processing data and performance in general. The modern world witnesses the development of computer technologies daily with computers turning into tiny machines and working unbelievably smoothly. A computer is now trusted as a best friend and advisor. It is treated as a reliable machine able to process and store a large amount of data and help out in any situation. “The storage, retrieval, and use of information are more important than ever” since “(w)e are in the midst of a profound change, going from hardcopy storage to online storage of the collected knowledge of the human race” (Dave, 2007), which is why the computers are of great assistance to us. However, to become a successful person, it is not enough to simply have a computer at home. It is often the case that people use computers merely to play games without knowing about the wide range of activities they may engage a person in. One has to know more about computers and use all their capabilities for one’s own benefit. Knowing the capabilities of one’s computer can help in the work and educational process, as well as it can save time and money. In this essay, you will find out reasons as to why it is important to know your computer; and how much time and money you will save by using all the capabilities of your computer. What should be mentioned above all is that knowing one’s computer perfectly gives an opportunity of using it for the most various purposes. It depends on what exactly a person needs a computer for, in other words, whether it is needed for studying, for work, or for entertainment. Using a computer for work or education purposes involves much more than is required for playing computer games. These days most of the students are permitted to submit only typed essays, research papers, and other works, which makes mastering the computer vital. “Information technologies have played a vital role in higher education for decades” (McArthur & Lewis, n.d.); they contributed and still continue to contr
Introduction Overview This chapter covers the background to the study, problem statement, research objectives and hypotheses and the significance of the study. Background to the study The wide spread of the H7N9 Virus and food contamination have impacted on tourism. Health tourism involves a particular conception of health (Müller & Lanz-Kaufmann, 2002, p. 12; Horneman et al., 2002). Health can be defined as a condition in which the body functions well physically, mentally, socially, with no presence of diseases or frailty. The concept of health is therefore separated from visiting health spas, as the spas are like hospitals that treat illnesses. Health can therefore, be defined as an incorporated functioning mode that leans towards getting the best out of an individual’s potentials or abilities, given the particular environment in which the individual lives in. Health directs the advancement of an individual to an upward or forward direction in order to realize a high degree of functioning of the individual. In addition, health involves the advancement of the entire body of the individual with regard to the individual’s mind, spirit, or will to aid in his/her functionality. An individual will achieve a higher degree of health when he/she is self-responsible, aware of the basic nutritional requirements, manages stress effectively, and sensitive to the surrounding environment (Ardell, 1977, p. 54). The condition of being combined with a positive attitude in a continuous process entails the vibrant development of health (Travis, 1984, p. 33). The neutral point in the health continuum shows that no apparent sickness exists yet a low intensity of health prevails. The individual is protected from premature death by returning them to the neutral point. The main aim of the health model is not only just to aid in the healing of the individual’s diseases, but also to elevate the individual to a higher rank of health. The definition of health according to Müller and Lanz-Kaufmann is in line with the definition given by Ardell (1977). Health is a health condition whereby the individual’s body, intellect and spirit work in unison. The elements that define health include: self-conscientiousness, health and prettiness, food nutrition, recreation, mental education, social interaction and sensitivity to the environment (Travis, 1984, p. 33). In addition, Müller and Lanz-Kaufmann noted that the hospitality industry should strive to refurbish its market in order to provide products that promote health so that the tourists can enjoy their trips better. Statement of the problem Health tourism can be defined as the movement of individuals from one location to the other with the aim of advancing, steadying and re-establishing their physical health, mental health and social relationships. Health tourism involves the individuals visiting hotels or recreational centres that provide health services. It is required that health hotels should have an up-to-standard health infrastructure in order to provide the best services to the tourists. There are various extents of health as there are various extents of illn