ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Is there a better medication than a Thiazide, and if so what dose should you initiate this medication? Although Thiazide diuretics are among the drugs that have been used for a long time to address issues relating to hypertension, it is not recommended for the elderly. To address the issue presented before my clinic concerning Elliot, I will need to use several other drugs that, unlike Thiazide, work well with elderly individuals and display minimal side effects. Some of the drugs that I can utilize in the management of Elliot’s case include Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI), as well as Angiotension Receptor Blocker (ARB). Precisely, the classification of drugs that I will use includes Lisinopril (ACEI), Nifedipine (CCB), and Losartan in the class of ARBs. These drugs work well and can be useful in the management of hypertension among the elderly especially those who are older than 60. In the words of Allan, Ivers, and Padwal (2012), the effectiveness of Thiazide diuretics among the elderly is a matter that scholars and stakeholders in the medical sector are researching. The drugs are subjected to research due to the side effects that they cause. Due to the controversy surrounding the use of Thiazide in the treatment of hypertension among the elderly, I will utilize drugs such as CCBs, ACEIs, and ARBs. Notably, CCBs are very effective as they lower the blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels through minimization of the stiffness common in large vessels. It is fundamental to explain that by curbing the issue of stiffness in large vessels, the drug reduces systolic BP. On the other hand, ACEI is very vital in the treatment of hypertension especially among people who have a high susceptibility to diabetes mellitus (Wan, Ma, & Zhang, 2014). As such, it is very important in Elliot’s case. The functionality of the drug lies in its ability to render Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) ineffective, thereby reducing the instances of hypertension among individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. I will also use ARBs alongside a small dosage of Thiazide in the treatment and management of Elliot’s high blood pressure. How would you proceed and how you would monitor for efficacy and toxicity? The progress of my treatment will follow a systematic format. Remarkably, the essence of my systematic format emanates from the effectiveness and side effects associated with drugs used such as Thiazide. To ensure that the treatment yields productive results and becomes practical in the management of Elliot’s case, I will tabulate his results and monitor any changes in his sugar levels and blood pressure. The relevance of closely monitoring the changes emanates from the use of drugs like Thiazide that have side effects. Notably, Thiazide can trigger a reduction in the amount of sodium and magnesium and an increase i
Introduction Religion can be a powerful source of social control and affect people’s everyday lives profoundly. As a massive and powerful social construct that whole nations stick to, it serves as a guide to the majority population. At the same time, religion can justify some inappropriate actions, so there are several ways that religion can control society with different kinds of outcomes. Main body First of all, religion controls society by spreading its dharma through religious laws such as the bible. For some people, this can be an answer to their question and the tips for challenging situations. However, it can also be misinterpreted and used by people to justify their actions or misbehaving. Therefore, the second way is the agitation for marriage and propaganda of traditional values. The followers of some religions might believe that this is their duty to create a family and have children. Although, if eventually, the marriage fails, and a couple becomes unhappy, they still keep the bond because it is against the religious rules to divorce. The church itself influences the congregation a lot, mainly if the preacher actively supports some beliefs. There are also two sides to that particular social control for creating specific values and beliefs among the population. Mostly the church gives comfort and unity for believers; therefore, it is easier to influence them. Another possibility of control that comes from the previous one is connected with health. Most religions strongly disapprove of abortions, for instance, some radical communities prevent their members from receiving medical help when their health is in danger. Yet religious teachings might bring mental relief and phycological stability; physiologically, that can be harmful. The last thing to mention is religious school and training of children in the religious environment from a very young age. According to Jordan et al. (2021), “self-control has been associated with higher self-esteem, more favorable emotional responses, and less alcohol abuse.” Thereby in a way, religious schools contribute to the building of a socially accepted and decent personality. Conclusion In conclusion, religion as a social construct has its methods of controlling society. The attitude towards it might be different and, the outcomes vary from satisfying to disturbing. However, everything depends on the specific religion and the persecution of religious law.
Introduction FedEx is a leading delivery and logistics company based in the USA. Constant change and new technologies are the main opportunities and problems for this company. On the one hand, new technologies create new opportunities for FedEx to improve its market operations; on the other hand, they create pressure and a need for continuous training programs for employees. The proposed training program aims to educate employees about customer relationships management software and teach them how to use this program. Importance of the Training Program The training program will work for three months and cover 30 employees. The contributions of workplaces to training practice can be classified broadly as those associated with the activities employees engage in and those related to the support and guidance they receive while undertaking new program. Routine and non-routine workplace tasks, the guidance provided by other employees, the indirect contributions of other employees and the support provided by the managers all contribute to training at work, albeit in different ways (Hanlan, 2004). The direct leadership of others (experts and peers) provides models, mentors and clues about presentation and also assists in developing understanding that employees would not learn alone. Indirect guidance provided by other employees (e. g. comparing, listening and observing) and the software, its tools, etc.) provide visual clues that aid thinking and training. This type of education is unlikely ever to be provided through practical exercises or through engagement in activities, such as simulated tasks and those derived from practice The training system (i. e. training guides, computer-based training, videos) will be consistently reported as being less effective than the contributions provided through undertaking everyday work activities. ‘Observing and listening’, ‘other employees’, ‘everyday activities and ‘direct instruction will be consistently supported as effective in developing work-related knowledge. Even the contributions of the ‘work environment are rated higher than most of the contributions of the in-house training system in this workplace (Gardiner, 2005). Implementation At FedEx, everyday activity in the organization will provide the contributions that the trainees required for their work. Though, the strengths of training in the FedEx are not so surprising given the nature of, and requirements for, participation in everyday work activities. This participation provides ongoing and persistent opportunities for employees to learn the knowledge required for work through their engagement in goal-directed workplace activities. Training through doing at work is almost predictable. Training in authentic work situations en
In general, Knowledge Translation (KT) is the process of applying theoretical knowledge for practical purposes. The Canadian government is currently seeking to utilize academic research to enact effective healthcare reforms to address the ethnic disparities in Canadian healthcare, particularly pertaining to Aboriginals. This process has come to be known as Aboriginal KT (Canadian Institutes of Health Research [CIHR], 2009). The government recognizes that the indigenous people of Canada have a rich cultural tradition of sharing knowledge that should be taken into account in policy-making. However, conducting Aboriginal KT raises specific ethical concerns that require thorough consideration. The first principle of conducting research within the Aboriginal context is respect. It is important to understand that Aboriginal knowledge has mostly been transmitted from one generation to another through oral traditions based on personal experience, and this is not in any inferior to science-based Western research. The strength and relevance of this time-tested knowledge system should be fully acknowledged by researchers and analyzed on its own grounds (CIHR, 2009). Researchers need to take community context into account because imposing Western standards runs the risk of further marginalizing Aboriginal traditions and perpetuating health disparities. Secondly, Aboriginal people should be involved in all aspects of data collection and policy-making (CIHR, 2009). The traditional model involves researchers publishing results in an academic journal and then persuading policy-makers of their importance without ever directly engaging the target population. Instead, researchers should partner with Aboriginal communities for the entire duration of the research and policy process (CIHR, 2009). This allows them to take advantage of existing kinship networks, talking circles, and other methods of sharing knowledge within the Aboriginal communities themselves to formulate a more relevant and comprehensive “insider’s” view. In conclusion, Aboriginal KT is necessary to address disparities within the Canadian healthcare system but also has a few ethical concerns that should be taken into account. Firstly, it is important to respect Aboriginal types and sources of knowledge, even if they are different from Western standards. KT should also integrate Aborig
Duoyuan Printing inc. is a corporation based in China with its headquarters in Beijing. It deals in production of offset printing equipments. At the moment it stands as the biggest company that is privately owned and deals with offset printing equipment production in China. It also has two other establishment factories in Langfang and Hunan. The company combines the low cost of production in China with great technical innovation to sell its range of products cheaply compared to the same products produced in the western countries. The company has an established distribution network with coordinated efforts towards the market. To expand their brand name in the market, the company participates a lot in trade shows for industries and holding seminars. It also offers free training to customers who show interest in their products. This has enabled the company to maintain its network of business for a long time. Duoyuan Printing inc. has a better advantage over its small competitors since it is the leading company in this field. It has a monopoly control of the market since it has the resources to advance research in the technology of offset printing equipment. With this in mind it can roll out a new product or a more improved product very fast. Coupling this with the fact that it controls the market, it is able to streamline the efforts made over the market. It has systems in place to control its sales and collection and its payments. The main focus of the company, Duoyuan Printing inc., is on its customers and staying ahead in the market. This has enabled the company to reach great success and profitability over the previous two fiscal years. Duoyuan Printing inc. has also maintained production of quality offset printing equipments making their customers satisfied and wanting to continue dealing with them. With each product comes a one year warranty where they also provide training support for operating the equipments. Besides this, the warranty covers repairs that are genuinely a result of the equipment malfunctioning. Looking at the origin of the company, it traces back in 1994. This was when the company began small with just one product, a format offset press that is singled colored. It has now moved from that humble beginning to having a range of wonderful products. Their products include: Single Color Small Format Press, singled colored large format press, multicolored small format press, and lastly multicolored large format press. Besides this the company has future plans to begin making post press products. This involves making a paper machine that can actually corrugate a strong printing paper such as cardboard paper. It has also grown from having one production plant to two production plant in strategic locations of China. The other two production plants are located in Langfang and Hunan. In 2006, it merged with a Wyoming co and in 2009 it got l
Introduction The issue of environmental protection is a sticking point of today. The question is that a man is a real danger to nature. A man did not learn, unfortunately, how to reach harmony with the environment out. This hereby provoked the extinction of definite species of animals and plants. In fact, people are going on into the pitfall of self-destruction. They will get into much trouble unless taking the right decisions at the moment. In this respect, the United States is one of the leading countries where natural resources are used irrationally in most of the points. Two environment-directed movements are contradicting in their views on nature in America at present. These are conservation and preservation movements. The paper is aimed at analyzing the peculiarities of each movement in particular. Thus, the contemporary global environmental situation gives grounds to suggest the preservation way of attitudes to nature as the most rational. Main Body To begin with, it is better to take a look at the conservation movement. This movement as opposed to the preservation faction leads toward using natural resources in order to cover the needs of humanity. Headed historically by Gifford Pinchot, the movement laid more emphasis on the wise use of nature and human management as well (Colorado 1). The term of this movement appeared in 1907 to encompass the benefits of nature for huge numbers of people in the long run. Such interpretation of the conservation trend can be narrowed down through managing natural resources to satisfy the needs of people. The conservation movement was highly popular within the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century. The thing is that Americans were trying to use the enormous deposits of fossil fuels and other natural resources to make them of great use for the national economy. In fact, the outcomes of such resource management went into a decrease of some kinds of plants and animals. It is possible to note: How men can hurt things of non-man-made character? These rhetoric questions could be answered through the conservation philosophy by means of logic. It means that such eminent persons as Gifford Pinchot, David Brawer and others explained that, historically, a man was suggested to use everything around. Such assumption is stated on the fact that there is no other power on earth higher than a man. The main claims of conservationists are that they are for sound biosphere management not to ruin or misbalance the ecosystems in it (Colorado 1). Such an idea was shared by David Brawer in his intentions and plans to provide effective water management in the Western states. The issue with the Colorado River was the point to think over nature quite rationally. Brawer, as a conser
Introduction The Word Superiority Effect is a cognitive phenomenon that demonstrates the effect of context. The word superiority effect demonstrates the ability of people to detect letters within a familiar context better than unfamiliar. Specifically, when in a word, letters are recognized more accurately than in a meaningless word or isolated letter. This report analyzes an experiment that uses the concept of the word superiority effect, to test its hypothesis. Methodology The experiment consists of a word or a single letter, which will be demonstrated for the participants on screen for a brief period (40 milliseconds). The aforementioned screen will be replaced with another one, where a mask of Xs and Os will appear for half a second, after which a prompt will be shown reporting the position of a letter in a masked word. The participants will be asked to choose between two letters for the reported position. The experiment consists of 96 trials, consisting of 16 four letters words and 16 isolated letters, each repeated three times. The dependent variable will be the demonstrated first screen, being a word or a letter. Accordingly, the dependant variable is the percentage of correct detections of the letter in the prompted position. Thus, the hypothesis of this experiment states that due to the letter being within the context of a word, it is easier to detect the correct letter. In other words, the percentage of correct detection should be higher for trials in which a word appeared rather than a single letter. Accordingly the percentage of correct detections will be lower for trails where in which a single letter appeared. Summ
Globalisation and advances in transport and communication have led to an upsurge in international travel and migration. Furthermore, skirmishes, political strife and environmental calamities continue to generate large sporadic movements of people across national frontiers (Slewa-Younan et al., 2017; Salami, Salma, & Hegadoren, 2019). Migrant and refugee inhabitants go through stress attributed to problematic migration journeys as well as trials associated with moving from familiar grounds, adapting to strange nations, and a lack of support resources. Therefore, immigrants are highly predisposed to mental health disorders. Many studies have examined the plight of immigrants in foreign countries, particularly concerning access and utilisation of health services. Some of the notable challenges include learning foreign languages, seeking employment, traversing outlandish cultural and social systems as well as experiencing racism and prejudice (Dubus & LeBoeuf, 2019; Salami et al., 2019). The most common mental health disorders among refugees include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression (Kanagaratnam, Pain, McKenzie, Ratnalingam, & Toner, 2017; Giacco, Laxhman, & Priebe, 2018; Jongedijk, Eising, van der Aa, Kleber, & Boelen, 2020). This review appraises three studies examining the issue of anxiety among refugees and the role of professional interpreters in reducing anxiety. The first study by Dong (2019) delved into the association between refugees and trauma. The author explained the factors that contribute to trauma, anxiety and mental distress among refugees. These include the need to face different cultures in foreign countries and poor living conditions due to the inability to secure employment. Language barrier hampers communication and leads to cultural isolation, which affect the refugees’ ability to interact with their surroundings. Adapting to a new culture entails disregarding one’s cultural identity and taking on new roles to fit into the new environment. Dong (2019) asserted that sharing similar cultures would make it easier for refugees to share their traumatic experiences without fear of judgement. It would also boost their resilience and create a sense of belonging. The suggested ways of lessening trauma in refugees include enhancing their comfort and developing a positive relationship between clients. Even though Dong (2019) mentions language barrier as a problem contributing to mental distress among refugees, he does not acknowledge the role of professional interpreters in improving the situation. Having professional interpreters could help circumvent the language barrier problem by helping refugees to express themselves freely and accurately (Jaeger, Pellaud, Laville, & Klauser, 2019), thereby creating a comfortable environment. Therefore, this study failed at exploring the contribution of professional interpreters in terms of anxiety because it only addressed traumatic experiences among refugees without an in-depth examination of anxiety in refugees, which is the main focus of this study. The second study by Showstack (2019) examined the issue of language barriers in the healthcare syst
Methodology The survey method, as well as the experimental method, can be used for quantitative research. As a rule, survey research is used to investigate the attitude of respondents and demographic peculiarities of different research groups. Ethical issues are very important for survey design because respondents should be provided with questionnaires, interview questions, or self-completion mail surveys (Cox, 2009, p. 221) about the expected outcomes. For investigation of the attitude of the respondents to the educational reforms, it is necessary to include different types of questions (open-ended, multiple-choice, etc.) into the list to be answered. Written consent should be signed by respondents to notify them and receive their permission to use data collected with the help of surveys and personal data. Survey research can be used in experimental designs (Garson, 2008, p.1). The experimental strategies used for inquiry should include dependents and independent variables and the relationship between variables (Mcnabb, 2007, p. 212); when one of the independent variables changes, the dependent one changes as well. The sampling methods are not applied to experimental strategies while being applied to survey strategies. The written consent of respondents and their demographic features are not relevant to the experimental strategies unless the experiments involve certain changes in the parameters of the organism as in health care. The quantitative methods are popular in public administration though experiments concern more the attitude and changes that can be attained through changes i