ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
With the high rate of global warming continuously emanating from products used in generating electricity like coal, the world has diversified the search for electricity generation from ecofriendly options. Concentrating Solar Power is one of the best sustainable options of acquiring energy from sun rays using clean mirrors placed at specific angles in hot regions of the world. From the point of no greenhouse emissions and the possibility of producing cheap electricity, CSP is not only environmentally friendly by protecting the global climate, but also economically sustainable. Fossil fuels energy remains the major emitter of CO2 into the environment; it also uses non-recyclable products as opposed to CSP, which uses inexhaustible sunlight rays and recyclable parabolic mirrors. Recent commitments by government agencies and environmental organizations could see CSP provide 7% of usable power by 2030. In encouraging CSP, governments should offer investment incentives and tax holidays to firms that intend to set-up such environmental projects. This move, coupled with improved operations, research, and development, and competition among firms, lower the generation and supply cost of solar power. Even though a CSP plant requires high initial cost, the cost-benefit analysis of the project from a long-term perspective reveals the low operational price, albeit a constant generation of electricity. For maximum and efficient output, the project only requires unperturbed sunrays and a dry or wet cooling system at the terminals of the turbine cycle. Point focusing systems can produce working temperatures of over 1,000 0C, while line systems can achieve operating temperatures of up to 550 0C after concentrating radiation close to 100 times. Line systems have parabolic troughs and linear fresnel systems, while point focusing system has central receivers and parabolic dishes, as commercial technologies. Thermal oil is preferable as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) in parabolic trough system as it produces superheated steam at high pressure, thus increasing efficiency. An example of this project is the Shams 1 project, which has been using booster heaters to adjust steam temperatures from 380 0C to 540 0C to generate more electricity. CSP is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative for generating electricity for the present and future generation.
The introduction. The semantic meaning of happiness While discussing the psychology of happiness, some basic issues concerning the meaning of the term must be considered. First of all, it should be pointed out that the issue of happiness is regarded quite ambiguously. For instance, for most of people happiness is recognized to be a subjective phenomenon. For some individuals the semantic meaning of the term is mostly associated with well-being or flourishing. Other people determine happiness as a person’s emotional state, which has nothing in common with material welfare. In other words, the second category of people defines happiness as a feeling of harmony and internal quiet. The psychology of happiness is closely related to philosophy, as the science of happiness is based on three major theories, namely “the emotional state theory, the life satisfaction theory, and hedonism” (Haybron, 2011, para. 1). The body Some fundamentals on happiness According to philosophical point of view, happiness can be regarded as a state of mind or, as a certain kind of pleasure a person’s mode of life is based on. As far as, we are to speak about the psychological importance of happiness, we are to reveal certain mental states happiness is determined by. Thus, it should be noted that to be happy it is necessary to gain pleasure, life satisfaction, etc. On the other hand, a positive emotional condition can be also regarded as happiness. Generally, one is to keep in mind that there are a lot of misconceptions concerning the issues, which make us happy. Special investigations show that “our enduring level of happiness (H) is determined by our happiness set point (S), life circumstances (C) (influenced by aspects of temperament and character such as depression and sleep quality) and intentional or voluntary activities (V)” (“The Psychology of Happiness,” 2010, p. 2). Sonja Lyubomirsky is of the opinion that the variable S is equal to 50% of happiness, material welfare is equal to 10%, and 40% of happiness depend upon a person’s actions and intentional activities. Depression as an opposite state In our days, depression is considered to be one of the most widespread psychological states, when a person cannot enjoy anything because of some unpleasant and difficult situations. It must be pointed out that in the UAE depression is prevalent, but the reasons of the mental state differ from ones, which other countries face. Generally, in most case, depression in the UAE is caused by work-related problems, including stressful conditions of work for expatriates. Of course, the financial crisis cannot be neglected too. Those, who are separated from family, cannot find a social support; so, a lack of functional relations causes stress and, therefore, depression. In other words, one can make a conclusion that it is the loss of control, which influences people’s mental state. Loss of concentration and apathy are recognized to be the most common signs of depression. The situation can be aggravated, if persons start to reconsider their whole life. Thus, they may suddenly r
Introduction Social structure can be defined as “patterned social arrangements in society that emerge from and also determine the actions of individuals” (Abrahams, 2006). At the macro level, social structure describes the socio-economic stratification system. At the micro level, social structure explains how the behaviors and actions of individuals are influenced by the norms of a given social system. Conceptualizing social structure as a pattern of relationships between various groups implies that the society comprises structurally related groups as well as roles. These groups have specific meanings as well as purposes. Individual identify refers to the set of cues and signals that differentiate persons in society. Identity is embedded in the self. The self develops through social interactions that occur in complex, organized and differentiated societies. Consequently, the self is a reflection of the society and describes the link between social structure and identity determination. This paper attempts to explain how identity is determined through social structure. The theory of catnets as well as the theory of group expansion and development of individuality will be used in the explanation. Group Expansion and the Development of Individuality: Simmel This theory explains the relationship that exists between an individual and the society by singling out the relational pattern that is not only situationally and historically dependent, but is also developed through interactions (Calhoun, Classical Sociological Theory, 2007). The society is characterized by a typical and predictable structure that changes over time, and also varies in different institutional arrangements. However, there is an unchangeable ratio that links social differentiation and the group size. Greater differentiation tends to occur in large groups as compared to small ones. Simmel asserts that individuals exhibit a dualist drive. Individuals also live a dual relation in the sense that they derive satisfaction both in their distinction and in their belonging (Calhoun, Classical Sociological Theory, 2007). The family is considered an extension of an individual’s personality. Additionally, the family illustrates how a given social circle can function under various perspectives and circumstances. In conclusion, individuality increases as the social circle in which an individual belong expands. This implies that social differentiation increases due to quantitative expansion of social groups. The Catnets by H White A net is a set of relationships that exist between pairs of people. The members of the net have meaningful and indirect relationships with each other. However, the indirect relations are not institutionalized (Calhoun, Contemporary Sociological Theory, 2007). Relations within the net are partially recognized and conceptualized in concrete terms instead of being considered as well-defined relations. The existence of the net is indefinite, and each net has a culture observed by the members. A cat refers to a gr
Introduction China is known for its historically authoritarian political system. Nonetheless, this has not stopped them from emerging as one of the greatest national economic powers. The twentieth century was dominated by United States as the best economy but this has changed in 21 st century where China is set to lead the pack of emerging economies. China’s situation is unique given that most powerful states draw such powers from wealth. The recent protest that was observed in Tiananmen Square conveys political repression in china as youths seek change but the government is unlikely to grant this that easily. China’s political system, which has been largely regarded as communist and undemocratic, has allowed continuity as well as change. In addition, its religious system has been quite instrumental in its continuity. The balance of dynamism and conservatism has ensured continuity in China. Its founder Qin Shi Huangdi who failed to establish immortality is regarded as the founding father of China’s political system as well as the world’s oldest civilization. The country is currently facing globalization and change is eminent although it is hard to come by, considering the government’s effort to ensure continuity of their ideological systems. This paper will endeavor to explore the manner in which political, religious and ideological systems of China have enabled continuity and change (Sirgo, Gleason, and Tarver 1) History of China China is regarded as one of the oldest of Civilizations in the world. Its ancient civilization extends throughout East Asia. Its civilization is estimated to have started over 4000 years ago. Its societies and economies were the best in the world before 19 th century. However, they missed industrialization that took shape in 19 th century leading to their decline. This was mainly because of the dynasties that ruled China, imperialism, civil wars as well as internal weakness. The country’s turmoil resulted into two states that still called themselves China. These were, Republic of China (ROC) and People’s Republic of China (PRC). The former was established in 1912 in the mainland and is currently known as Taiwan while the latter was established in 1949 and takes control of the mainland from Taiwan. Taiwan now controls the islands such as Taiwan, Matsu, Pratas, Kinmen, among other outlying islands. People’s Republic of China (PRC) remains the largest and controls the self-governing states
Minor argument Conlusion : Marijuana should not be legalised. Premises 1 : If marijuana were to be legalized it would be impossible to regulate its’ sell to, and use by the minors. It would set free, the bounds that exist on the transit of the drug, making it reach the intended and unintended places including possession by children. The use of the drug by minors on the other hand has devastating effects. Premises 2 : legalization increases the use of the drug for non-medical reasons. Legalization increases the circulation in the society which means that those who are to use it for reactional purposes are also getting it at increased rates than when it is illegal. The increased use for non-medical reasons means more abuse in the society (White, 2009). Premises 3: Marijuana use has long-term adverse medical effects. Legalization the legalization would mean that the country was allowing the citizens be exposed to these conditions when it was possible to control such through having it remain illegal (Vick, 2010). Premise 4 : Even when used for medical reasons, Marijuana still has side effects which need to be avoided through not legalizing it. They include destabilized thinking. Premise 5 : With legal marijuana, deviancy cases will increase. Marijuana has been directly related to crime. With it being legalized, the impact is that crime will rise. Support: As Govier (2010) identifies, “Marijuana should not be legalized. That’s because sustained use of marijuana worsens a person’s memory, and nothing that adversely affects one’s mental abilities should be legalized”. According to Govier (2010), the medical harms of marijuana outweigh its medical benefits. Lepore (1985) states, “Marijuana should not be legalized because of its side effects!!” According to Lepore (1985), “Marijuana weakens the adrenal glands”, and displaces a vitamin called L-glutamine. The loss of L-glutamine, according to Lepore (1985), makes one have a hampered thinking. A survey by U.S Department of Justice (1992), identified that 80 percent of the American population believe “it was a bad idea” to legalize and only “14% said it was a good idea”. As Peck and Dolch (2001) state, Marijuana use in a case study caused a boy to, “ran away from home a couple of times, vandalize buildings, and stole things”. As the authors believe, such use distorts the normal behavior of the citizens thus a loss especially from the most active category of the youth. Major argument Conlusion: marijuana should be legalized. Premise 1 : Marijuana remaining illegal is against the constitutional rights of people. According to the constitution, citizen posses the right to chose what they do as liberty bestowed on them by the constitution. Not legalizing it makes it that the government was controlling their liberty thus defining what they can do not do with their own lives. Premise 2: Some people are prescribed to use marijuana as a medication to their medical conditions. Making marijuana illegal is denying them a right to the use of this substance as a medicine. Th
Introduction Different people have different views as to what exactly the phrase, ‘being beautiful’ means, this has led to the coining of different sayings to refer to the above. My favorite saying when it comes to beauty is, “One man’s poison is another man’s meat”, implying that what one man might view in disdain and contempt another might find quite pleasing and essential. My theory is that people come up with different defense mechanisms to safeguard their ego, and this leads to everyone feeling that they are beautiful, with failure to do so normally leading to low self-esteem and lack of confidence. Three stories in thematic writings, a collection of different writings that details different great works that have been collected over time have served to capture these varying opinions as to what exactly is beauty. Particularly of interest this time around, are the following three stories of young women with different views and perspectives on what beauty is:  1. Beauty when the other dancer is the self  2. The clan of one-breasted women  3. Being a cripple. Beauty when the other dancer is the Self The main character believes in the beauty of the inner self and the beauty shown from within due to the spirit, this we pick from her passage, on the first time she was singing in front of a church congregation, at a time when she was about 6 years old. Unfortunately, the main character is then involved in an accident, in which she is blinded. Surprisingly at this age, she d
Executive Summary   * Professional Training Group presented Leadership Capacity Development Training proposal to MOA Logistics.   * ADDIE Model and concepts of adult learning were used in the proposal.   * Training areas included performance management, leadership skills, activity planning and time management, reward and recognition among others.   * It covered concepts human resource management such as recruitment, selection, training and retention.   * Training and development programs require effective implementation and evaluation.   * Feedback will be used to improve training and development programs. An Overview Statement   * Executives decry a lack of talent and leadership qualities in the Middle East region;   * HRs are not sure if they have the right talents and leadership qualities among recruits;   * Talent management and leadership development are important for modern firms;   * Demographic shifts have affected employees’ behaviors;   * A survey is necessary for need assessment and determining skill gap;   * Training and development programs must meet skill gaps;   * Recommendations are necessary for improving the program and human resource needs. Company’s Characteristics   * Professional Training Group is a division of the Global Training Company;   * It offers high quality, effective and practical leadership and business skills training programs;   * It has over 40 years in training and development in the region;   * Professional Training Group focuses on long-term outcomes. The Team’s General Educational Approach Based on Learning Theories   * Training and development should encourage skill development in the organization.   * Effective human resource management should lead to competitive advantages for the company.   * Human resources should create value to the company.   * Highly qualified employees are rare to find.   * Designing and implementing a training and development program for the newly hired mid-level managers must take into account the company’s needs, employees’ qualifications and their self-motivation to learn.   * It must address issues of rewards and recognition.   * Trainees will relate positive monitoring, evaluation and rewards with the best performance and fairness for all employees. Creating the Link Professional Training Group must link training and development to strategic objectives of the company and needs of the newly hired mid-level managers. It should consider the main contributing factors such as the managers’ behaviors, attitude and training approaches. Training should encourage aims, culture and values of the firm and roles of the HR. Potential changes on organizational culture Senior level leaders are in the best position of influencing organizational culture and the newly hired mid-level managers. Training should change attitudes, bel
Who Moved My Cheese? is a philosophical video that generates a lot of reasoning in my mind. The story of events takes place in a kind of maze where four actors search for a piece of Cheese. The maze represents the world, including work, home, church, and community. In turn, Cheese symbolizes everything a person strives for in life, including a good job, money, home, freedom, health, recognition, peace of mind, and even entertainment – art, music, sports, and travel. Two mice, Sniff and Scurry, and two little people, Hem and Haw, find themselves face to face with change, and each reacts differently. Thus, the author shows the behavior of people in a constantly changing reality. After analyzing the features of each hero, some of them can be found in oneself, which is revealed to a greater or lesser extent in a particular situation. Nevertheless, in general, in my life, I am like Scurry, who reacts to potential changes in life as soon as they occur. I am a very hardworking person who does work from morning to evening. I rarely think about change in advance, although I am aware of the likelihood of its occurrence. Therefore, when change comes, I adapt to them and move on. Particularly noteworthy is writing on the wall, which prompts new thoughts. The first inscription on the wall says that change happens. Sometimes people run away from them, naively thinking that everything can be left as it is. However, changes in life still occur, whether people want it or not, leaving them the right to accept them and live on or stubbornly try to stay in the past. In this regard, the second inscription, anticipate change, is particularly important. This readiness will allow a person to adapt faster and
It is important for employers to eliminate the benefits drawn by retirees to maintain the benefits of current employees. A number of companies are taking into consideration the changes they are likely to experience as a result of increasing health care costs and the dire economic situation. Employers are therefore looking for the most effective ways to reduce such costs (C C H, Incorporated 2003). Elimination of benefits for retirees is a sure way of reducing the costs incurred by an organization, such elimination should be directed to the retirees due to their diminishing role within an organization and their financial position that come about as a result of accumulation of funds during the period of employment. Retirees also draw benefits from organizations that carry out social work. Current employees do not enjoy such a feat. It is however important to reinstate that the reason for the elimination of retirees benefits is the amount of contribution drawn over time that is higher than that of current employees thus a need for employers to create a balance. Employees should be charged more for health benefits as opposed to reducing their contribution to pensions. The reason is that pensions is a mode of saving that caters for the needs of such employees upon retirement while costs incurred as a result of health are termed as recurrent. It is unwise to feel comfortable meeting the health needs which will always form a part of an employee’s life. Pension benefits do not conform to such an ideology. It is worth noting that public employees pay a small percentage of their pension’s costs. This is usually a third or less of the total cost. According to experts this contribution is quite low. It is actually less than 30% of the total cost of the annual pensions plan stated contributions. This means reducing the contributions to pension will impact minimally on the overall costs incurred by an employer. In an effort to improve employee satisfaction, it is necessary to study and analyze their expectations especially in terms of finances and motivation. This lays the ground work for initiating corrective measures in case something is a miss. It is inappropriate for employers to reduce employee’s incentives during tough economic times. This only serves to reduce employee loyalty and morale. Employers therefore need to provide channels for employees to voice their concerns in case such an activity is taking place; this is an important way to propagate job satisfaction. The bottom line is that the benefits drawn by employees should not be reduced (Lundy & Janes 2009). After taking into consideration the above mentioned concepts. An employer should create a strategic plan in an effor