ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The counter-culture refers to a new set of norms and beliefs that are radically different from conventional patterns of thinking, thereby making it difficult to conceptualize it as an acceptable lifestyle in the first place. People have associated the origin of the counter culture movement with groups of rebellious young people in different parts of the world, including the United States (US), Russia, Australia, and Great Britain (Greene, 2016; Markarian, Zolov and Carrara, 2016). Their activities are perceived as a rebellion against mainstream culture and their lifestyles are defined by a revolt against conventional norms, attitudes and beliefs about life (Markarian, Zolov and Carrara, 2016). In this paper, it is argued that the counter culture movement is centered on the need to oppose mainstream beliefs and not the quest for money. Money is presented as an aftermath of the growth and spread of the culture and not its cause or motivation. One of the founding principles of the counterculture movement is the need to have an alternative lifestyle that is free from societal prejudices and systems of control. In this regard, the foundations of this movement are characterized by a strong conviction to oppose mainstream culture and not a blind desire for profit (Heath and Potter, 2004). Relative to this school of thought, most pioneers in this movement present mass culture as a form of mindless conformance to behaviors that is often detrimental to people’s wellbeing (Platt, 2017; Greene, 2016; Markarian, Zolov and Carrara, 2016). Unbeknown to them, the end product has been the “contamination” of the mass audience with mainstream beliefs and practices, which force them to act in a predetermined manner (Rorabaugh, 2015). In this regard, the counter culture movement has been predicated on showing people alternative lifestyles and ways of thinking that question the norm. Profit has never been a significant driver of the counter culture movement because the main goal of its proponents has been to appeal to the unique needs and desires of minority groups who dare to think differently. In support of this statement, Markarian, Zolov and Carrara (2016) say
Rape and Sexual Assault Resistance with All Her Strength is a testimony of Joan Brown, who witnessed a number of cases of sexual assaults against unmarried women committed by Thomas Hellyer (Crawford 2000). The case took place in Lottisham, near Datchet, Somerset, at the threshold of the seventeenth century. The woman represents her story in an unusual way, by describing in detail the experiences and events she observed and experienced. Brown pressed charges and expressed her vulnerability to exploitation, rape, and harassment in the workplace. In addition, the record under analysis reproduces experiences of women in the seventeenth century, which allows contemporary women to understand how their testimonies and attitudes differ from those times. In order to understand the perceptions and attitudes of women’s experiences of sexual assault, specific attention should be paid to the debates that historians develop to investigate acts of violence. Debates of Historians Using Criminal Justice and Inquisitional Records to Investigate Rape and Sexual Assault Judicial procedures in the seventeenth century rarely dealt with cases of women as victims of rape and sexual assault due to many religious, social, and cultural reasons. In the later seventeenth century, courts were predominantly concerned with the cases of illicit sex and, therefore, sources revealing illicit sexual activities are much fuller in comparison with those connected to other spheres of women’s lives. In the majority of cases, courts presented and punished defendants with penance, which led to a decrease in the functioning of the courts.(Brownmiller 2008). Instead, the responsibility for considering sexual regulations was imposed on the quarter sessions, or on the church courts (Brownmiller 2008). Certainly, the courts were interested in illicit sexual assaults only and, therefore, sex in marriage was not the central issue in judicia
Timothy Keller, minister of the gospel, preacher, teacher, and writer. He has written a Christian book titled, “Preaching: Communicating Faith in an Age of Skepticism” where he shares his insights on sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ from both the podium and the tea shop. The book is divided into three main parts each comprising of chapters. Part one has three chapters, part two has three chapters while part three contains one chapter. This essay aims to summarize the book’s thesis, and major concepts carry out a critical review identifying a few areas of agreement and disagreement. In part one, preachers should proclaim the Bible (Chapter 1), which means teaching the gospel (Chapter 2), which involves preaching Lord Jesus (Chapter 3), who is the subject of all Scripture. Keller believes that preachers should present topical sermons on occasion, but that their main sermons should be expository dialogue. Sermons should always be gospel-centered since Scripture reveals the cohesive story of what God says in Jesus through the Spirit to bring us salvation (Timothy 2015). Keller provides six approaches to preach Jesus from all of Scripture that are appropriate to both the message and the context of a given chapter to assist avoid these pitfalls. In part two, preachers must interpret their messages to their congregations, according to “Reaching the People” (Chapter 4). Contextualized preaching entails a two-step process in which sermons both adapt to and confront society. God has placed traces of himself in all societies because he created the universe and humankind in his image. Chapter 5 “Preaching and the (Late) Contemporary Mind,” in my viewpoint, is an excellent chapter in the book. It reveals the basic cultural narratives that define the late-modern psyche. Keller prefers close to the end to postmodernism because he believes that contemporary society is less a turnaround of modernity than a deepening of its core tendencies. In my perspective, Chapter 6, “Preaching Gospel to the Heart,” is the second finest chapter. It acknowledges that humans are emotive as well as intelligent creatures. Keller contends that preaching cannot merely be factual and sound. I concur with Keller that the message must pique the curiosity and imagination of the audience; it must be appealing and reach into their hearts. Part three “In Manifestation of the Spirit and Authority” is made up of just one chapter about ministers’ personalities. Your audiences will indeed be persuaded by someone’s message if they have been inspired by you as an individual. Preaching thus works with text (Holy Bible), context (ideology), and subtext. These three words, however, Keller does not mention, roughly correlate to the tripartite division of traditional rhetoric of logos by the text, the contextual arrangement (pathos), and the philosophy of subtext (ethos). Most believers, especially preachers, find it hard to talk out their faith in a manner that effectively integrates the g
Introduction Value chain analysis is a useful tool to understand the inner structure of a company and assess its current priorities. It applies strategic thinking to basic firm activities and is paramount for planning and research. The Children’s National Medical Center is among the top medical facilities for kids. It provides a variety of services, and the application of the strategic analysis tool could help reveal its potential to reduce costs and maintain quality to become even more effective. The Children’s National Medical Center According to Porter (2014), the key value in the healthcare industry is keeping the patient’s health a priority while maintaining a low cost of quality service production. The Children’s National Medical Center offers services in a variety of spheres ranging from primary pediatrics to research in the sphere of children’s care. It is a non-profit organization, and therefore, it needs to maintain a high level of fund efficiency in order to remain efficient. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to implement new technologies. The Children’s National Medical Center has a special Research and Education Center that continues to contribute to discovering and implementing new practices of handling information and patients (“Office of innovation and technology commercialization,” n.d.). As such, the Center uses electronic document flow to store and access medical records of its patients. In addition, it holds a boost surgery unit in Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation. The Children’s National Medical Center offers a variety of care plans ranging in cost, length, and the availability of cost reimbursement. The center provides a guide that helps parents to choose an appropriate payment scheme, insurance, and other details. It also offers informational assistance to its clients online and via telephone consultations. The Value Chain of The Children’s National Medical Center Value chain analysis is crucial in healthcare organizations since it helps to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of its work (Miller & Mork, 2013). Such an analysis identifies the competitive advantage and shows which of Center’s activities are most valuable and which ones should be improved or replaced. The value chain analysis for the Children’s National Medical Center includes several phases: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and services. Inbound Logistics This element of the value chain is developed rather well in the Center. Services are given timely, and customers’ requests are processed promptly. The schedule of the organization’s work is well-developed, and the Center adheres to it. Operations The Center offers services of high quality. The management of the Center does its best to make customers’ visits comfortable and friendly by giving the necessary information and offering advice on what program to choose. Outbound Logistics This phase of value chain is also quite well-organized in the Children’s National Medical Center. Orders on services are processed on time, and the inventory management is at a high level. Probably the only weakness in this aspect is the absence of an emergenc
Introduction Venezuela’s business environment includes the internal and external environment risk rating, which focuses on both short and long-term lessons the Venezuelan government has learned in context with short-term crisis phenomenon. Such ratings escorted the country towards a situation in which it had no coherent economic development plan in force that could address the problems confronting the nation. The domestic environment issues include transparency and corruption concerning the labor market, currency fluctuation, corporate taxes, and the rise and fall of interest levels. The business sector also depicts the extent to which the private sector is given access to lines of credit and the reshaping of the banking and stock market. This not only affects corporate businesses at various levels but also encourages corruption at the corporate level. SWOT Analysis An oil country ranking fifth in the world due to its oil-proven reserves has the largest accumulation of liquid fuel so far. Its significance for being an oil economy used to be its strength, but for a limited period. The oil prevailing economy later felt that the US expresses its deepest concerns over Venezuela’s then economic and political situation, which appeared as a strength and threat at the same time. The SWOT analysis provides us a glimpse over its environmental scanned resources and scenarios under which Venezuela identifies its potential and summarizes its observations by the relative trade-offs within the country. Strength Venezuelan society has a firm grip over what it experimented with in the last decade similar to neighboring Latin American countries. What it has learned from past economic devastation and experiences has enabled the country to identify in the name of threats, strengths, and abilities. Venezuela has been able to accomplish most of the radically adopted programs of economic adjustment and institutional renewal, which its neighboring countries remained unable to acquire. Venezuela acquired significant changes in the social and environmental spheres that occurred simultaneously since 1989 when it entered into an oil-dependent economy. Although in the beginning Venezuelan market confronted challenges that lead the initiative models towards collapse. With the decrease in levels of corporate welfare and increase in mass expectations for socioeconomic improvement, the system represented legitimized democracy. Unfortunately, political corruption always remained a prevailing aspect of soci
An organizational structure is a concept which shows how integrated entities in an organization interact to achieve an organization’s goals and objectives. These can be departments and relates with the way different positions in an organization are identified or levels of management and the reporting relationships between these positions or hierarchies commonly referred to as the line of command (Organizational Structure 1). Communication or the flow of information is usually upward, downward, and horizontal. An organization’s structure determines the responsibilities and roles of organizational employees. An organizational structure also consists of organizational culture and organizational behavior as in the case study. Types of Organizational Structures According to the article Organizational Structure (1) these structures depend on what the organization wants to achieve and their core functions. Pre-Bureaucratic Organizational Structure These structures are those without specific benchmarks or standardized activity definitions. (Organizational Structure 1). These do not have formal structures in place and standardized task and sub-task allocations and responsibilities. Functional Organizational Structure A functional structure is specifically meant for large organizations. Such a structure has the advantages of better allocations of tasks and responsibilities. In addition, it is a cost effective manner of carrying out tasks and sub-tasks for efficient use of an organization’s resources. Within each entity employees find it easy to work together since communication between them is efficient. However communication from the outside of a specific department may be slow. This structure has the advantage of efficient employee and resource utilizations but slow interdepartmental coordination. Divisional Organizational Structure Different regions have different market needs. In order to meet the needs of a market, an organization can be structured after the needs identified with different geographical divisions or marketing needs. The functional requirements for each division are integrated into organizations such that they are met (Organizational Structure 1). Matrix Organizational Structure Sometimes organizations are structures such that different organizational structures are amalgamated to form a single structure. This kind of structure may be an integration of functional structures, divisional structures, pre-bureaucratic organizations, and bureaucratic organizations. Each organizational entity is grouped according to the product it produces, the functions it performs and standards established. A matrix structure’s strength is teamwork. Here, each team is required to exploit and capitalize on its key strengths to best achieve an organization’s goals. In addition to these, a matrix organization is characterized by decentralized management. This reduces the effect of tall and short organizational structu
Today people build their society and relations in it on the principles of ethics which were developed by such philosophers as Socrates and Aristotle in the ancient times. One of the main principles on which the ethical school is based is the notion of virtue as the representation of the moral perfectness of a man. Moreover, virtue can also be defined as the way which a man should follow to live the better life which is full of light and goodness. Socrates and Aristotle are considered as the founders of the ethic principles. Socrates was the first who determined the notion of virtue, and Aristotle developed his own vision with basing on Socrates’ viewpoint. Thus, there are many similarities in the philosophers’ interpretation of virtue, but there is also a significant difference in their approaches to the discussion of virtue which is influential for the organization of their ethical systems. This important difference is in determining the source of virtue as the moral category. Socrates considers virtue as the basis for understanding people’s morality. Virtue can be thought of as the complex of the best human qualities and traits which he develops consciously. Socrates determines four main virtues which exist in people’s lives. They are prudence (or personal wisdom), justice, temperance, and fortitude (Taylor, 2001). Following these four virtues is the men’s chance to live the better life because they are connected with all the aspects of people’s living including civil life and military service. However, a man cannot follow the principles of a virtuous life consciously when he does not know them. That is why to live a moral life, it is necessary to know what the virtue is. Having determined four main virtues, Socrates states that prudence can be considered as the major one which is the source for developing justice, temperance, and fortitude. His arguments depend on his opinion that prudence (or wisdom) is associated with the human intelligence or reason, and intelligence is the knowledge (Taylor, 2001). Thus, Socrates understands virtue and the way to it as the knowledge. According to Socrates, the real morality and virtue is the knowledge of what is good and what is bad (Taylor, 2001). The understanding of virtue as good is the way to reach the person’s moral satisfaction and live the happy life. A man can acquire such virtues as prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude when he spends a lot of time trying to learn and perceive the world around him and developing oneself. The human’s perception is his knowledge about oneself and the reality. It is possible to learn to live a virtuous life as persons learn
Abstract Globalization and technological advancements continue to revolutionize business structures and cultures across the globe. Competition for rapidly growing market base coupled with reducing purchasing power compel business firms to engage in several strategies to win hearts of the consumers. Internet and social networks sites rapidly takes centre stage in providing ample avenue for advertisement and marketing. In many cases, multi-national companies have conquered great market base through international advertising firms and proper use of social media. As competition grows, more firms offering similar service join the market fight for the consumer bases. In many cases, competition as pushed firms into exaggerated advertisement programs to lure and maintain competitive edge in the market. Introduction In the history of business, advertisements always play a vital role in employing various tricks and tools to boost sales. In the past, professional marketers and salespersons played a vital role in marketing the importance of a firm’s product. However, with technological advancement and improved internet connectivity, soft-copy advertisement and online marketing present a noble advertisement conduit. Advertisement on social media goes beyond all borders as more populations become more technologically well informed. Limited Time Offer Advertisements Argument In this form of advertisement, businesses develop a persuasive skill in winning the hearts of customers to purchase a particular product since it is available only for a given period. Given the fixed and short time frame for its purchase, the task of the advertisers revolves around frightening prospective buyers on the repercussions of missing such wonderful offers. The main
Introduction The modern technology has allowed for possibilities that were not imagined and expected some mere 10 or even 5 years ago. The computer and out flowing devices have become the much needed and used part of the current society which allows to better human lives. A 3-D printer is one of the inventions that make life efficient and productive in many ways. The ability to produce something out of nothing in a short amount of time has really changed evolution and use of technology. Size and weight The weight of a 3-D printer should not exceed ten kilograms because this device must be easily transportable. Second, the build speed should be approximately 150 millimeters per minute while its build volume should be at least 64 cubic inches. However, it is not necessary to search for a 3-D printer with increased build speed. In particular, it should not exceed 200 millimeters per minute. Furthermore, the diameter of its nozzle should be at least 0,4 millimeters. Additionally, the size of this device should be approximately 9x9x9 inches. The objects that can be created with this printer should be at least 5x5x5 inches. These are the main parameters that should be taken into account by the vendor when selecting a product. Materials that can be processed by the printer This device should process acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) because these are widely used materials (Evans, 2012, p. 17). Therefore, the build platform should reach a temperature of 106 C, as it is necessary for the processing of ABS (Evans, 2012, p. 17). It is not a must to consider products that can process only ABS or PLA. This is a requirement that should be kept in mind. Quality of Prints and Cooling Additionally, the vertical resolution of this printer should be at least 124 microns. This product must also have a cooling fan that can freeze the 3-D shape within 15 minutes at most. In addition to that, this product should have injection molded gears that increase the precision of movements (Evans, 2012, p. 17). Yet, this criterion is not oblig