ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Teachers Service Commission (TSC) is seeking proposals from insurance companies that have the acumen to offer dental insurance coverage. The organization wishes to insure three thousand employees. This is mainly geared towards enhancing a greater productivity from the employees and also creating an incentive among them. It will also ensure massive health improvement that will, in turn, sensitize the community on the importance of proper pursuit of dental health. This has been a danger to humanity. It will also encourage the spirit of giving back to the community we serve. History and Organizational Background Teachers’ Service Commission is an organization with a large number of homogenous exposure units that comprises of preparatory, primary and secondary school teachers. The total number of teachers is fifteen thousand six hundred and thirty four. In the year two thousand and nine, the organization insured twelve thousand and ninety teachers from the primary and secondary school level. In this plan, we intend to insure three thousand. The three thousand constitute of the teacher in the preparatory level who had not registered with the organization by the year two thousand and nine. Organizational Goals The Teacher Service Commission as a pure replica of any other organization has noteworthy goals. The policy is a crucial undertaking of the organization and hence must be consistent with the organizational goals. This will ensure that we are focused and in line with the objectives. We protect and respect the mutual goals we have set. The organization has an objective of inculcating the welfare of all its employees in a bid to motivate them and at the same time extend their opportunities to the communities it serves. It has also worked at collective responsibility in reduction of poverty by sharing economic burdens with the state. Since such health burdens befall the government they opt to take up apart of the risk. The organization also aims at creating an idealized influence to the community at a personal level towards fighting indifference to poor health and ignorance among the community members. It also works towards supporting inter-organizational relations by working closely with them, a factor that has been presented satisfactorily in this phenomenon. Lastly is to acknowledge the organization’s willingness to commit itself to something bigger than itself by giving back to the community of which the employees are a part. Plan Specifications TSC wants to cover the remaining number of teachers who have not had a chance for insuring. The coverage is for all employees working on a full time schedule and those who qualify to be depending on them. It is impossible to cancel enrollments that have already been made except in instances with changes in the status of the family. We in
Introduction This paper seeks to explore the educational theories developed by world renowned theorists Piaget and Vygotsky to explain the process of learning. Educational theories refer to the speculative educational thoughts that are used to explain the nature of education as an important tool that guides and explains certain aspects and concepts to human beings. Educational theories were originally developed by the Greek philosophers to address the aspects of learning, educational policies and leadership. The philosophers had the main idea of generalizing explanatory models for learning thereby creating a body of knowledge that would be used to theorize knowledge and create obversive practices that would be used in educational thought. Educational thought, which is an important component of most educational learning theories, deals with concepts of theory such as sociology, philosophy, critical thinking theories and psychology (Thomas, 2007, p.5). The creation of educational theories was seen to be an important step by many educationists as it enabled them to determine the cognitive processes of human beings during the learning process. Jean Piaget and Lev Semionovich Vygotsky’s educational theories sought to explain the psychological processes that took place in human beings when learning took place. According to the two theorists, cognitive development in educational theories was meant to explain how teachers used the cognitive processes of children to design learning programs that would meet their educational needs. With regards to Piaget’s educational theory, the main assumption that formed the framework for the theory was that intelligence came from actions performed by individuals as a result of interacting with their surrounding environment. Vygotsky conversely based his educational theory on the fact that the learning process took place as a result of a series of reflexes that would be translated into educational thoughts. He founded his theory on the premise that all human behavior originated from reactions to stimuli that emanated from the external environment. Vygotsky also viewed the use of private speech patterns as useful techniques that would allow children to internalize and understand educational information as well as the zone of proximal development which allowed teachers to determine the actual and potential learning ability of a child (Shaffer & Kipp, 2010, p.293). The following discussion will therefore shed more light on Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s educational theories. Main Ideas of Piaget Piaget’s interest in knowledge and education saw him develop the four stages theory of cognitive development that highlighted the various stages of learning which took place in human beings. He was able to come up with the theory after observing children and their train of thought when participating in educational thought processes. Piaget used standard questions to determine the kind of respons
Introduction Metabolite engineering is a common practice in a number of chemical operations and biological processes. With the help of it, people are able to reinvent a wide range of medicinal plants to improve their beneficial functions and decrease other less important factors that consume a tremendous amount of energy. Nowadays, metabolite-engineering professionals engage the technique that uses genetically modified organisms to reach the same goals. The following paper is intended to describe the methodology of metabolite engineering methods that use GMO. Discussion To begin with, it is necessary to state that metabolite engineering is the process aimed at optimizing and regulating various biological processes in microcells to stimulate them to generate a certain substance. Usually, workers of chemical laboratories use particular biochemical reactions and ferments that positively influence the work of cells. With the help of such a method, the scientists can successfully convert raw materials into different molecules that maintain the lives of their cells. Recently, analysts found another method of metabolite engineering that implies the usage of genetically modified organisms. The given set of technologies is called genetic engineering or modification in the circles of biology laboratory workers (Turanlı-Yıldız, Hacısalihoğlu, & Çakar, 2017). Its techniques are intended to redesign the entire chains that include multiple cells and calculate a new yield of some products or living creatures. The System’s Methodology Use As it is mentioned in the previous paragraph, the technology of metabolite engineering with the help of genetically modified organisms depends on artificial syntheses of certain objects’ DNAs. To create a successful project, it is necessary to invent or find a new form of DNA vector to combine it with the cells of a particular plant and grow a new modification of it in the future. Many processes that can be observed in such operations are similar to various actions required to insert a gene in a foreign cell (Turanlı-Yıldız et al., 2017). It would be proper to mention that the invented DNA can be inserted, regardless of specific algorithms or systematic repetitions. Instead, it might be integrated into a separate part of the genome to reach a specific effect that might be beneficial for the plant in different instances. The Spheres of Implementation Almost every person on Earth consumes genetically modified products on a daily basis. It appears that supermarkets, pharmacies, and other retailers sell food or drugs that contain GMO since 1994. Usually, these bacteria positively affect the production speed and gustatory qualities of vegetables, fruit, dairy, and other foods people eat every day. Although the discussed technique is beneficial for farmers and retailers, they are often claimed to have an adverse impact on the human hea
Abstract The possibilities of treating post-traumatic stresses and other similar mental disorders are complicated by the fact that almost every patient requires an individual approach. It is quite difficult to find two completely identical clinical cases with the same symptoms and forms of manifestation. Perhaps, that is why the search for new methods of treatment of psychological trauma consequences has become particularly relevant in the modern era when rapid development of civilization invariably affects the psyche of some people. In order to evaluate an innovative way to prevent such problems, it is possible to pay attention to one of the scientific articles where research on this topic is presented. It is the paper by Kip et al. (2016) called “Evaluation of Brief Treatment of Symptoms of Psychological Trauma among Veterans Residing in a Homeless Shelter by Use of Accelerated Resolution Therapy.” The object of the study of this article is a relatively new method called Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART). The analysis of ART effectiveness, as well as the scope of its application and possible limitations, will help evaluate its possibilities and draw appropriate conclusions about the relevance of its application in modern clinics. The Main Essense of ART The study that is considered shows ART as a new and revolutionary technique for stopping posttraumatic stress and mental disorders caused by strong emotions. Kip et al. (2016), working at the University of South Florida, relieve the symptoms of the stress in military personnel who started to suffer from such a disorder after the participation in hostilities. A new therapy is a combination of proven psychotherapy with the use of eye movements. It is not so long-term as some other techniques; therefore, many patients can completely pass it. Ethical Implications of the ART Therapy When looking at the ways of introducing such therapy, it can be noted that there is nothing in it that could contradict the norms of ethics and morality. According to Kip et al. (2016), ART therapy includes two phases: first, the patient mentally represents his or her previous traumatic experience, which usually causes unpleasant physiological sensations, for example, heaviness in the chest, increased heart rate, sweating. Then, a therapeutic conversation follows, as well as several series of rapid eye movements from left to right. At the second phase, with similar actions of the therapist, the patient replaces some unpleasant images with more positive ones. Thus, ART does not involve homework, as well as written or oral memories of a traumatic experience. Theref
Introduction Medical terminology errors are a key instrumental tool to many hospital mistakes which affect the health of people and can even lead to loss of lives. More than 400,000 people die every year in America. The deaths are caused by a number of reasons of which the medical errors are inclusive. Using of medical terms that are similar and wrong abbreviations are some of the medical terminology errors. Learning medical terminology is not that easy. It can be equated with learning new that is not easy to grasp. In most cases, the use of incorrect medical terminology is inevitable to many users (Bardelli, para. 1). Errors in the use of medical terminologies can be attributed to the construction of the medical terms. Notably, these terms have a root word and a prefix. In some instances, the term may include two prefixes. Some of the prefixes used include Epi. This refers to “above”. The other one is Hypo, which refers to “below”. Endo is a preface that refers to “inside”. These prefixes are used with the word “gastric” to refer to various parts of the stomach. Any confusion in these terminologies can lead to incorrect medical prescription. This is very risky as in, if the medical health care worker writes down that the surgery is to be performed epigastric instead of hypogastric it means that the patient will be attended wrongly by receiving a surgery on the wrong part of the stomach (Bardelli, para. 2). While charting, nurses write down the problems with a care plan for residents, descriptions of intervent
Confidentiality, Privacy, and Privileged Communication While the terms privacy, confidentiality, and privileged communication may be interchangeable, in the area of social work and clinical psychology, they hold distinct meanings. Privacy refers to the right of an individual against unnecessary intrusion and to control disclosure of personal matters, often outlined in some form in federal and state constitutions. Confidentiality is essentially a promise by a mental health professional, driven by professional ethics, not to reveal identifiable information or content of conversations without the patient’s consent. Meanwhile, privileged communication is a legal term established in state law that presents the right which exempts patients from having confidential information revealed by themselves or mental health professionals they worked with within legal proceedings. This element may vary by state, extending or exempting criminal proceedings in the law (Metzner, n.d.). Duty to warn and duty to protect are key legal terms that represent one of the few cases where confidentiality can be breached, both from an ethical perspective as directed by the APA, and in a legal sense as it may even be mandatory in some states. Duty to warn requires a counselor or any mental health professional to notify law enforcement/officials as well as any third party (if applicable) if the client poses an imminent threat to themselves, the therapist, or any third-party individuals. In these cases, confidentiality can be breached if the information is divulged to someone who is capable of reducing the threat (NCSL, n.d.). Meanwhile, the duty to protect is an expansion with broader implications on the duty to warn principle. The counselor has the legal obligation to protect third parties or the client from danger and can utilize a variety of tools to do so, which go alongside the original warning. Duty to protect can include immediate involvement of law enforcement, mandatory hospitalization, and other methods of intervention. Generally, confidentiality can only be broken in cases of imminent danger such as described or where there is evidence of a vulnerable individual (child, elder, disabled) being abused or in cases of domestic violence (APA, 2019). Otherwise, information remains private unless directly indicated so by the client or there is a qualifying court order to do so. Scenario Lauren is a middle-aged woman that is seeking therapy for her depression and relationship issues with her husband. Once the paperwork is signed, and Lauren is notified of her rights as well as limits of confidentiality, and the session begins, everything that is said is meant to be confidential. Her therapist, Mark, cannot share what he hears with his co-workers at the office or his family at home, even if he never identifies with Lauren directly. Lauren is sharing details of her life and her marriage, and she has the right to privacy, that nobody will se
Introduction Japanese art has always reflected the major aesthetic and moral principles of the counties culture. According to them, everything must be developed into perfection, including martial arts, which are a constituent part of the culture, itself. In fact, Japanese cinematography successfully proves that combat scenes can have aesthetic qualities. However, this is just the surface, what is below the surface is the complex of moral principles, which cannot be disregarded, because otherwise, it is impossible to get a full idea of Japanese cinematography. Main body Regarding Zatoichi series, it is quite possible for us to say that the main character (Zatoichi) has practically become archetypical for Japanese culture, the blind swordsman, who fights against criminals and injustice. It should be mentioned that such archetype is not original, American comics had produced such characters as Doctor Mid-Nite, or the Black Bat long before the advent of Zatoichi series (Nygren, p. 232). Nevertheless, Zatoichi do has several unique features. First, one should bear in mind, that he actually occupies a very low social level (at least in traditional conception). Additionally, sometimes Zatoichi earns his living by gambling, (which is in fact cheating), because he possesses prodigious powers of hearing, therefore he is at an advantage over other players. Certainly, such feature is not entirely compatible with traditional concept of superhero. Twenty-six movies, featuring Zatoichi, were shot from 1962 to 1989, including a television series. Among the most famous, we single out such as “The Tale of Zatoichi”, “The Fugitive”, “On the Road”, and “Zatoichi and the Chest of Gold.”(Richie, p. 291). “The Chest of Gold”, as this film is also known was produced in 1964. It was directed by Kazuo Ikehiro, who is also renowned for such films as “Kesho” and “Amakuzure”. It is often viewed as one of the best movies belonging to this series, mostly because it successfully integrates the elements of drama, comedy, and naturally action. Zatoichi has to investigate the case of theft in order to prove his innocence and save villagers, who can hardly make ends meet from starvation. These people accumulated certain sum of money to pay the taxes to the local lord. As it turns out, it is the lord and his gang who steal the money. Thus, we can see that this film also contains some elements of detective story. However, Zatoichi should not be viewed as some travelling samurai, who eradicates evil and social injustice. The makers of the film try to show this difference in several ways. First, Ichi does not actually has katana, long curved single-edged, which is the traditionally of Japanese warriors. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account that his philosophy of honor, (or probably, it would be better to say moral code), also differs from t
Introduction Corporal punishment is the use of pain inflicting measures as a corrective tool in children’s behaviour. There are various methods associated with administering corporal punishment on children which may include caning on the palms and the back, pulling ears, pinching on the nose, slapping on the cheeks among others. Corporal punishment has been applied in schools by teachers, at the family level by parents, and at the society level. The use of corporal punishment on children is highly encouraged in some cultures especially in the African context, where most communities believe that it is an inevitable component in early childhood development. Empirical research carried out in different contexts has shown pros and cons of corporal punishment. Literature Review A research conducted in Kenya in 2010 duped ‘why are Kenyan teachers using corporal punishment eight years after ban of corporal punishment,’ found out that corporal punishment is still prevalent as a disciplinary measure among primary school teachers even after its abolishment back in 2001. The main objective of the study which employed both qualitative and quantitative research techniques was to establish the reason why corporal punishment was still mentioned in schools even after its ban by the Kenyan government under the children act of 2001, the research which was carried out among primary school teachers pursuing a degree course in a particular university in Kenya. A representative sample of teachers in across the ages and cultural was selected. The research established that corporal punishment was a dominant disciplinary tool among primary school teachers even in the wake of the Children act of 2001. It was found out all the teachers included in the investigation had full knowledge of the legislation and the implications of non-compliance. Despite the knowledge and Kenya being signatory of United Nations convention on children rights, corporal punishment still prevail. United Nations organization introduced a campaign in 1990 seeking to eradicate corporal punishment on children terming it as violence against and having more long-term detrimental effects on children development. It may lead to emotional and psychological problems in future (Grogan 287). The teachers admitted that they all practised corporal punishment on pupils in school even with the children act of 2001 still in force. They argued that after the government abolished corporal punishment back in 2001, cases of indiscipline had increased exponentially; riots and strikes among the pupils had increased significantly. They attributed this to the withdrawal of corporal punishments from schools. They postulated corporal punishment as a key player in the modelling of the pupil’s behaviour, as they put across that such cases of indiscipline were unreported in the previous years. They also argued that the governments silence on the issue since the legislation was enacted indicated its response to the increased indiscipline cases. It was held categori