ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The purpose of this essay is to provide answers to different methods of interpreting the law, as well as identify loopholes that exist in its interpretation. The deeper meaning involves checking on the integrity of the interpretation mechanism and the opposite sides that support and counter the constitutional interpretation. The major issue is seeking to know on who is the best person to give the interpretation of the law. This is the school of thought that provides the basis of determining judgment and establishing the role of the judge in the law decision making process. The reader needs to realize the side of the interpretation of the constitution. This is new information that provides us with the insight in the context not only of the text but as well as the alternative and the natural law perspective that the constitution should be based on. Few people have considered looking into this new line of discussion and, therefore, better research is needed to be done to establish the different modes of reading the law and the role of legislature in the law making process. This is a new line of thought that is very interesting to learn about new things through finding the facts by doing research. I was reading some article about the natural law and the constitution, and I wanted to know more about the relationship between them; the natural law and the constitution. Constitution has become a tool that is used by politicians to change policies that prevent them to promote on their way to the top in the political system. Therefore, there is a need for a proper interpretation in a democratic society. Natural law and the constitution need to be well-thought of trying to find the basis of constitutional implementation and interpretation. Introduction Constitutional politics is one of the major issues that affect the local context as well as the global scenario. This is because different nations are governed by different constitutions, but they all submit to the international law which they all respect and follow. “Constitutional interpretation is therefore a key element that will guide the social, emotional and the political forces of all nations and everything that affect the world” (Krason 26). The biggest controversy is on who has the authority to provide direction in the interpretation of the constitution. What is the relative weight that ought to be attached to the relevant sources, such as the governing systems? And finally, what is their mandate in interpreting the constitution? This paper seeks to address these issues at large and in line with the current conflict of interest that is associated with this discussion. Background There are five key components that can be used to interpret constitution. They include the following; first and foremost, the text and structure of th
Current Status of the China-Africa Relations China is one of the largest nations of the globe, and it ranks the first among the most populated countries. In the recent decades, it has seen a surge in economic power, which instigated the further growth of the nation’s influence and military ambitions. China aims to assert its dominance in the region of Southwestern Asia, but the plans are not limited to this particular area. More specifically, China targets the status of a global superpower that exercises its influence across various part of the Earth. In this context, the African continent presents an area of intense interest for the competing powers of the worlds. Africa remains in the state of economic, social, and military development, while being a strategically convenient point for the armed forces. The Chinese authorities have grown to recognize the potential of this continent, allocating substantial resources to the creation of strong ties with African nations. In fact, Alden and Jang (2019) state that the nature of the cooperation between Africa and China was previously seen as mostly economic. In other words, the partnership paradigm was initially focused on the mutually beneficial trade agreements between the nations. Nevertheless, the current situation represents a different status of these relations. More specifically, China and Africa have been engaged in a continuous process of forming profound military ties. As suggested by experts, this tendency is enabled by the African states’ willingness to build a stronger defense architecture against today’s most pressing challenges (Alden and Jang 2019). China has been able to respond to this demand by providing the knowledge and expertise. As result, the country has been actively participating in joint military drills with African armies, while making financial contributions to the defense framework of the continent. Evidently, the ultimate objective of the Chinese is to establish a strong military presence in Africa, which presents favorable opportunities. From the African airbases, an array of air-force operations can be effectively executed across most of the globe. As long as China’s efforts respond to the demands of the African militaries, the process remain in an ongoing state, as the links become stronger. My Level of Leadership The examination of various leadership levels enables insight into the nature of national security challenges and the effective ways of addressing them. As per the Air Force leadership paradigm, I am currently at the tactical expertise level. It focuses on the core competencies of an Air Force leaders, nurturing the qualities that are required for further levels. At this stage, a considerable emphasis is laid on the personal interaction and followership. The excellence of tactical expertise implies the ability to motivate and organize the immediate subordinates, while articulating the tactical objectives in a clear manner. It is during this phase of the leadership formation that airmen acquire a deeper understanding of themselves as leaders and commanders. Success at this level determines the entire direction of the future develo
Cold and ice are a major problem in airports of the cold countries – especially in places like Ottawa. The first thing for the team is to understand the twin problems of de-icing and anti-icing, how they can be addressed, and lastly the gravity of the task and the serious dangers involved if the work is not done properly. Put simply de-icing is the removal of the ice and frost that already adheres to the framework of the aircraft and anti-icing is the taking of preventive measures to see that ice does not form from the time of de-icing to the taking off the moment when the plane is airborne. This is done with the help of some special de-icing and anti-icing fluids. Ice that forms on the framework of the aircraft and its engines or air inlets needs to be removed. This is de-icing. Anti-icing is steps taken to prevent the further formation of these conditions. Water freezes at 0°C. If the temperatures near the plane drop below this, ice forms from drops of water as soon as it comes in contact with the plane. The icing on the frame reduces the performance, causes loss of lift, alters controls, and in the end stalls the aircraft. It could also cause weakening or loss of communication (Novotny, 2005). There are two types of ice formation or accretion. Rime ice forms when extra cool water drops freeze upon contacting the sub-zero surface. The small droplets instantly freeze trapping air. Rime ice is rough and brittle having a white color from afar. Rime ice collects on the edges and can harm aerodynamics obstructing air intakes by the engine. Rime has no particular shape but coats the edges roughly. As development advances it protrudes into the air although there are limitations on the size of the “horn” it forms (Ellis, 2003). Under such parameters, it is found that ice, glazed or clear; tends to accumulate with the help of bigger cold droplets that take more time to solidify. The ice is clear and transparent. Freezing is relatively slow allowing the even spread of the water. It causes the formation of an ice sheet that may not be easily detected. The speed of solidification of the droplets depends on the size of the globules. A larger water globule takes more time to freeze and the ice becomes more transparent. Sometimes when the weather is extreme the size of ice on the edge may look like a “double ram’s horn” a
Introduction Background Information 2015 is an important year on the calendar of 193 nations in the world and about 23 international organizations. According to the United Nations (2010:72), 2015 is the year that the signatories to the Millennium Development Goal (herein referred to as MDGs) should have attained the policies set out in the agreement. Atkinson (2006:559) defines MDGs as development goals that have been agreed on by several nations and international organisations around the world. The eight international development goals should be achieved by the member nations and international organisations by 2015. Some of the international development goals contained in the agreement include eradication of extreme poverty within the member states by the year 2015 (Atkinson, 2006:558). Others are reduction in child mortality rates as well as combating epidemics plaguing the world such as the HIV/AIDS scourge. The United Nations is made up of 193 member states and all of them are signatory to the agreement (United Nations, 2010:34). The more than 23 international organisations mentioned above recognise the need to attain these international development goals. They have made a commitment to help the member states achieve the goals before the 2015 deadline. The Millennium Development Goals were agreed on and signed in September of 2000. This is during the Millennium Summit that was held in that year and which was attended by the leaders of the states represented in the United Nations. According to the World Bank (2011:12),
Introduction The government of the United Arab Emirates established an outstanding program called Dubai Government Accelerators. This is a unique approach that unites the efforts of governmental agencies and major entrepreneurs to find solutions for the most challenging global problems (“Pulling the future,” 2017). Hence, it is highly important to review their accomplishments. The purposes of this paper are to explore the Dubai Government Accelerators, analyze the areas that this program developed, and answer the question of whether accelerators is a short-term or long-term remedy. Government Accelerators Dubai Government Accelerators is a program aimed to enhance the most problematic areas in the United Arab Emirates. These are the environment, education, economy, human resources, and security (“Mohammad officially launches,” 2017). The program was launched a year ago by the Prime Minister of the UAE. He approved the strategies designed to implement the program and highlighted the necessity to amplify efforts to fully complete the mission. Initially, the program focused on the Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Economy, Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation, Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, and Ministry of Education. The main goal of government accelerators was to make the government branches collaborate effectively, including resolving issues relating to decision-making and problem-solving. The accelerators set the pace of completing the national projects. The program was implemented via various initiatives, laws, and services. Also, new methods increased the efficiency of the use of resources. The new higher standard of governance will have been set by 2021. This approach will result in the raising of the quality of life. The specific tasks were assigned as well. The Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation worked on providing jobs in the financial sector. “The Emiratisation rate in the private sector” will have increased by 5 percent by 2021 (“Mohammad officially launches,” 2017). The Ministry of Interior was to improve the situation on the most dangerous roads. Death rates caused by car accidents should have been decreased by 21 percent (“Mohammad officially launches,” 2017). It required cooperation with the Ministry of Infrastructure Development and Emirates Traffic Safety Society. The Ministry of Climate Change and Environment had to improve the quality of air by reducing carbon emission. The Ministry worked with Emirates Global Aluminium and General Electric. The results of this work were estimated, and a special report demonstrated the complete success of the mission. Over 1000 job opportunities were created in the financial sector (“Dubai Government Accelerator,” 2017). Air quality was significantly improved, and death rates were decreased more than it had been planned. Other indicators showed similar trends. The program was carried out under the supervision o
Introduction The rights of women and men and their position in society are often discussed by the general public. Today, individuals are willing to have equal opportunities regardless of their diversity and their wish is supported by the government but it was not so all the time. Those who did not belong to the privileged population were discriminated against because of their race, religion, age, gender, and other peculiarities. Being unsatisfied, they started expressing their displeasure and changed the world with time. Feminist movements contributed to this greatly. Feminism occurred as women’s attempt to make society alter its views about females, their lives, rights, and place in the world. Historians and other scientists tend to have different opinions on the effectiveness of feminist movements, but they all agree that today’s life would not be the same without them. Feminism should be supported by society and government because even though it has some negative side-effects, it reduces gender discrimination and cases of assault improve the working environment and the economy. Feminism and Fight with Gender Discrimination The main advantage of the feminist movements is that they helped women to fight with gender discrimination. They made reality better for females as they got the opportunity to control their own lives. This process was long-lasting, but women received a right to have their property, which allows them to become more independent and be more sanguine about the future. They can now terminate a pregnancy in a case of rape, for example, and do not have to live under the pressure of adverse memories. Women became able to initiate divorce, which gives them a chance to escape from violence or/and to start a new happy life. In this way, they can also save their children from physical assaults and psychological traumas. The needs of women and girls are now even considered by the government. As a result, new policies, programs, and legislation support them, trying to improve their lives in different spheres (Maxwell, 2014). New educational opportunities were opened for girls and women, which gave them a chance not only to alter their own lives but also to influence the world they live in with time. From early childhood, girls can go to kindergarten to start learning just like males. Then they can graduate from the school and enter any higher educational facility they wish (Hoare, 2009). As a result, females can learn how to be a great professional in any sphere they are interested in, which also affects their careers. In this way, women receive a great opportunity to show the world something new that would not be created without them. They can also turn into great politicians whose power over the general public is enormous, and who can hold the world in their hands (Hubler, 2010). Economic, social, and political alterations do not only implemented positive changes in women’s lives but also made them more equal to men. In this way,
Introduction Business Process Management (BPM) and Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) are both strategies used by businesses to meet their demands and goals to survive. BPM is a methodical approach of creating the processes of the organization more efficient, successful, and able to adjust to a diverse and active environment. Usually, Business Process management serves as a connection inside the business between the Information Technology (IT) unit and line-of-business (LOB) (Maull & Tranfield, 2003, p. 561). Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) engages various changes in processes and structures inside the company setting and the entire business, human, and technological aspects can also be transformed in BPR. Information Technology contributes greatly in activities of BPR since it offers office automation, permits the company to be executed in various locations, allows faster delivery to end users, elasticity or flexibility in manufacturing, and supports faster and automatic operation or transactions. The difference between Business Process management and Business Process re-engineering is that BPR is a method, while BPM is system software. BPR reassess the processes applied by the business from the very basics and methodically remodels them, allowing businesses to create major developments in service, speed, and cost. Business Process management is a notion constructed internally in a business that is permanent to control business processes (Biazzo, 2002, p. 43). Winscribe, an international software and services company, implemented its BPM application in 2011 to help them eradicate unproductive practices among the world’s top legal firms and organizations (Rosemann, 2010, p. 201). This company invested its BPM solution in Microsoft Infopath and SharePoint to continue its processes of eradicating unproductive practices and employ these solutions to reduce total expenses of possession, improve levels of customer receptiveness, and enhance operational competence. This paper discusses the benefits and disadvantages of BPM and BPR, the processes of implementation, Critical Success factors, automation in companies, and the relationship between business processes and HR. Advantages and Disadvantages of BPM and BPR BPM creates it simple for enterprises to program their existing processes, mechanize their implementation, examine their existing performance, and create on-the-fly changes to advance the existing processes. BPM software allows the business to mechanize the work that presently being carried out manually. Several assignments need different kinds of application process, dismissal or approval process, performance and notification reports, and BPM software can create these processes mechanical or computerized (Rosemann, 2010, p. 201). Apart from t
The movie “Imitation of Life” by John Stahl can be acclaimed as one of the most successful dramas released in 1934. This is no wonder as the film features outstanding play by actors, an interesting and thought-provoking layout, and good quality of its accomplishment. Overall, the film appears to be a great piece of film-making art representing the themes of real friendship between women, tackling racial issues, and solving family problems. The theme of tackling racial issues appears to be the central theme in this film. The film “Imitation of Life” is based on the cognominal novel by Fannie Hurst. Similar to the novel, the film aims to address such complicated issues as racism and discrimination. Overall, the director’s work in this movie can be evaluated as very progressive because in several cases racial issues are addressed in a very sensitive way. The film’s plot shows racist issues from different angles. The audience may notice the situations when black people are approached without any bias and discrimination, and when racism is shown as an outrageous matter. For example, a black woman Delilah Johnson, who is one of the main protagonists in the movie, is shown as an industrious woman. Her unusual culinary talent enables her to become a successful businesswoman which is very remarkable for the period when the movie was shot because black people especially black women were subjected to severe discrimination. In addition, Delilah makes friends with a white woman Bea Pullman. This incredible friendship lasts for decades, and it is by no means affected by racist ideas. The other example is in reinforcing racism through the family conflict between Delilah and her daughter. Delilah’s daughter, who is of light skin color by chance, becomes greatly affected by the ideas of racism. She feels ashamed on the reason of her origin, and she rejects her mother. The actions of this girl may be evaluated as an outrageous case of racism. Reflecting on the film’s value, it appears that this drama can be marked as a strong address to a number of critical issues such as racism and discrimination which are timely during the period when the film was shot and even nowadays. This film impels thinking about such important questions as what is to be done in order to preserve strong relationships between parents and children despite the ideas of discrimination spread in society. The film also encourages thinking of whether those people who broke their family bonds are right. “Imitation of Life” impresses greatly and can be evaluated as very engaging; it is mainly explained by the team of professionals busy in it; especially, th
Introduction I visited a supermarket that was located in a shopping mall to make my observation. During the exercise, employees did not notice my presence, and, as a result, they continued with their regular duties. There were no visible conflicts witnessed when I was making the observation; however, there was much consultation between the employees. This indicated that if any disputes arose during the regular working hours, the employees could solve them without management. SWOT Analysis Strength                         Weakness                           Opportunity                  Threats                     * Strong teamwork                * Poor communication strategies    * Good customer relations    * Poaching of employees   * Better conflict resolutions    * Limited new skills               * Mastery of work            * No personal growth     The information covered so far is crucial for life experience, as demonstrated by the supermarket’s observation. Ways that the Company Could Increase Efficiency or Effectiveness Every company desires to increase efficiency or effectiveness to better their service delivery to the customers. Clients are an essential stakeholder for any company to succeed in whatever venture they’re engaged in; hence, the customers’ needs should be satisfied. During the observational period, it was evident that the workers were willing to perform their tasks efficiently by attending to every customer’s needs as soon as possible. The workers seemed to have mastered their role; hence there was no confusion when listening to the customers. For instance, employees in the supermarket located in the mall were performing their duties with a high level of expertise. For example, the cashiers were receiving payments from the customers, and there were also some attendants directing the customers to where the products were located. Supermarket attendants embraced teamwork because every employee was working in a team to ensure that good services are tendered to the clients. However, throughout the observational period, it was not clear for me to identify the team leader or boss. Therefore, there was an indication that the supermarket had employed teamwork. An