ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pediatric obesity is a significant issue for children of different origins and genders. There are many factors, including lack of physical activity and related health issues, that make this unpleasant phenomenon exist, and screen time has a significant impact on them. The time children spend using their computers, tablets, and mobile phones can result in pediatric obesity. Thus, there are particular evidence-based strategies successfully addressing the behavior, and their findings can be used to create a work plan with specific goals and objectives. Program Goal and Objectives To address the behavior comprehensively, one should clearly articulate a program goal and corresponding objectives. The main program goal is to emphasize the correlation between screen time and pediatric obesity among young children, as well as to develop a useful strategy to reduce this behavior. To cope with it, one should summarize the existing evidence-based strategies and identify those that prove to be more effective than others. This goal means that it is necessary to conduct a systematic literature search and analysis. In addition to that, particular objectives, both learning and behavioral, are needed. Learning objective: In a year, underage children will be able to list the main aspects of how screen time can influence pediatric obesity. Behavior objective: Underage children will know how they should minimize by 30-50% the time they spend using their gadgets according to a particular strategy. Thus, the program goal and objectives to be achieved create a basis for the further literature search. Evidence-Based Strategies Since pediatric obesity and its relationship with screen time are quite essential nowadays, there are many works dedicated to this issue. Thus, Garmy, Clausson, Nyberg, and Jakobsson (2018) state that the two phenomena above are consequences of insufficient sleep. Garmy et al. (2018) explain that pediatric obesity and screen time are higher among those 10-year-old children who sleep no more than 9 hours per day (p. e3). That is why it can be enough to make children go to bed earlier to reduce the behavior. Furthermore, Tsiros, Samaras, Coates, and Olds (2017) argue that the issue of pediatric obesity should not be treated traditionally always. According to Tsiros et al. (2017), “not all physical activity and screen-based behaviors have equivocal relationships with children’s health” (p. 3119). It denotes that traditional means of introducing physical activities and minimizing screen time will not always address pediatric obesity directly and effectively. Even though these works present practical guidelines, they show that a more comprehensive approach is required. In addition to that, there are other works that introduce effective evidence-based strategies. Firstly, JaKa et al. (2017) prove that “physical activity followed by energy intake and fruit and vegetable intake” can be a good way to address both screen time and obesity (p. 730). This change strategy tries to make obese children change t
Footwear Evidence Footwear evidence as the name suggests, is the foot impressions that used in connecting the culprit to the act of crime. Properly collected and analyzed footwear evidence normally leads to the culprit (Domnauer, 2007). If the shoe or foot impressions do not bear inimitable patterns or marks, they are null and void evidence. Additionally, if the evidence can link to the real culprit, they are admissible evidence in the court of law (Fisher, 2004). In order to capture footwear evidence, gelatin lifters and plastic casts are mainly used to produce both two and three-dimensional forms of the cast impression. How to preserve evidence Photographed evidence is only admissible in the court of law if the prosecutors can prove that they collected and properly documented them. Repeatedly, only the authorized staff are only restricted to the evidence. All rules governing the evidence preservation is essential for legal authorities and police. For example, an investigator should document a transfer of evidence from the evidence section to a forensic laboratory for analyses. It is a general rule that when the custody of evidence changes, proper documentation is mandatory (Pepper, 2010). Once the evidence analyses are over, the laboratory staff must make sure they have the
Understanding Constitutions Definition of a ‘constitution’, discussion of what relationship does the constitution have with other laws in society – those that are legislated, implemented, and adjudicated A constitution is a set of rules that are the used as the supreme law in a political entity such as a country. It can be either written or unwritten. Most countries in the world today have written constitutions. The relationship between the constitution and other laws that are legislated, implemented, and adjudicated is that these laws are not relevant if they are inconsistent with the constitution. Constitutions can be either rigid or flexible. A rigid constitution does not provide easily maneuverable ways of amending it. Flexible constitutions are clear and straight forward in what needs to be done to amend laws as a way of making the law relevant as far as the realities of the life of the state are concerned. In flexible constitutions, the means of amendment are not difficult to deal with. The underlying tenets of modern constitutionalism and how these tenets are reflected in the Canadian Constitution. The major implications of these doctrines for changing the Canadian Constitution Modern constitutionalism is based on the principle of universal principles, the independence of the judiciary, the separation of powers, the power and freedom of the people otherwise referred to as the sovereignty of the people, and the power of the people to amend their law or the constitution. Other tenets include the right of the people to form a government of their liking or choice, the principle of limited government and the tenet of accountability of the part of the government. All these tenets are reflected in the Canadian constitution through the various provisions that appear in the constitution. For example the Constitution Act of 1982 incorporated the Freedoms Charter which gives the people their basic freedoms such the freedom to worship, own businesses, travel, be treated fairly under the law and own property. Through these provisions, the government is kept in check as far as private or individual lives are concerned. Other provisions in the Canadian constitution give a clear guideline on how the people are supposed to amend the constitution, and vote in elections to elect their lead
Conditions Heart disease remains one of the leading death causes among African Americans (see Fig. 1 (American Heart Association 1)). Among the key factors contributing to the development of the specified disorder, atherosclerosis caused by an unhealthy diet, as well as smoking and lack of physical exercise, should be listed. Figure 1. Key Death Causes Among African Americans (American Heart Association 1) Therefore, when defining the further course of action, one must consider the issue of the lifestyle of African Americans. Additionally, the living conditions thereof need to be taken into account as the major factors (Turner et al. 1261). Inputs The health issue in question was considered in an African American community in New York. According to the tests carried out among the target denizens of the population, 78% of the African Americans were in the risk area due to their unhealthy lifestyles, particularly improper dieting. Additionally, the lack of awareness on the subject matter deserves to be mentioned (Sharma 302). Activities To address the issues faced by the target community as well as prevent the instances of further development of CVD and other health disorders, a program on raising awareness among African Americans in New York was created. Moreover, an elaborate diet, including the consumption of vegetables and fruit (Trichopoulos 68) was created for the African Americans suffering from heart issues, and being under the threat of developing the latter, was suggested. Outputs The target denizens of the population were provided with booklets regarding the problem of heart diseases. Additionally, a survey allowing for an evaluation of African Americans’ lifestyle and its effects on heart issues rates among them was designed and distributed among the specified audience. Resources informing the members of the above-mentioned community regarding the existing treatment options, precaution measures, and the healthcare facilities available were also distributed among the target denizens of the population. Outcomes Several months after the introduction of the program, a considerable improvement in awareness regarding heart problems can be identified. Moreover, the subsequent surveys carried out among African Americans showed that 28% of the target denizens had reconsidered their lifestyle, switching to the diet suggested in the program and reconsidering the inclusion of vegetables and fruit in their diet. Impact It is expected that the set of measured undertaken to address the needs of the African American community in New York will al
Over the years, there has been an increase in the number of user forum-based websites. This increase has reached levels where this genre is now referred to as a cottage industry. This paper presents the relevance and nature of these websites from the perspective of a personal experience. I was continuously experiencing difficulty with hard disk detection by several software setups. These also included the Windows XP setup. Upon placing the installation into the CD tray, the setup would self-execute and when the setup would perform the automated system evaluation to determine whether or not the system specifications were up to mark with the software requirements, it would conclude the processing by displaying a message stating that no hard disk could be detected. I attributed the problem to corruption in the setup software in the beginning, but I soon noticed that the problem was recurring more frequently. The problem became evident when upon trying to install software from a tried and tested CD, I was greeted by the same message once more. It was at this point that I realized that the problem was not with the setup programs, but possibly lay in my system. To obtain help, I decided to use some of the many internet-based websites that offer free advice along with tips on tricks on how to achieve optimal performance. These websites are more than often utilize user forums to generate their database of free advice which remains open to all the members of the website who wish to take advantage of the information or add to the information by joining the forum. Needless to say, these websites were not my first option. My first inclination was to make use of the windows website to try and figure out if there was a troubleshooter that Microsoft had to offer that could help me figure out the source of the problem I had at hand. Trouble shooters are special programs that operate by asking the user a number of questions in a sequence (Synergenics, LLC, 2008). These questions are designed to root out the problem that the user might be facing and the program usually functions by instructing the user on how to fix the problem once the problem has been identified by asking the user the sequential questions. In certain cases, some trouble shooters are designed to carry out a an analysis of the system in order to ascertain the nature of the problem and to instruct the user on how exactly the problem has to be solved without taking the user through a lengthy series of questions. I decided to use no more than three websites in my search to determine the solution to my problem. I was referred to the these three websites by my peers who told me they had experienced problems with their computers in the past and were of the opinion that these websites could provide me with the solution my problem. The three websites that were brought into use and have been covered in this paper as well include:  1. PC Pitstop  2. Computing.Net  3. TomsHardware. All of these three websites seem to be designed on the same user group forum philosophy that has been mentioned above. Hence, it can be assumed that the advice that these websites gave was the information th
Executive Summary This report reviews research on mass incarceration or imprisonment. Its anticipated outcome is to help in reforming Florida and the American justifications with reference to the number of incarceration times for wrongdoers within the criminal justice system. The State of Florida falls in the 10 th position in terms of incarceration. It falls below Louisiana, which has the highest incarceration rate. Louisiana has significantly higher rates of incarceration compared to States such as Minnesota and North Dakota, which are the only similar-sized regions that have been found to record the lowest incarceration rate (Wagner, Sakala, & Begley, 2016). Incongruence is obvious between the States with lower incarceration rates and the ones that have recorded higher incarceration levels. This report evaluates this divide. Through concrete research, it brings the political issue to light. The audiences being sought are lawmakers, the legislative body, and state governments. Calls are made for the audience to consider bringing the number of incarceration to similar levels throughout the United States. It advocates for the necessity to bring the rates down beginning with states with the highest rates of incarceration, namely, Louisiana and Florida. It also proposes the need for obtaining accurate rates of incarceration, for instance, parole and mental illness reports (Florida Commission on Offender Review, 2014). Introduction Do states with the highest rates of incarceration have higher levels of crimes that lead to a conviction? Even though the response to such an interrogative cannot be put forward explicitly, different policy frameworks and disparities in the dominant political views of any state may contribute to the witnessed variations in incarceration rates among States. This hypothetical position underlines the ultimate significance of this paper. It suggests the need for a policy that harmonizes the political and ideological positions from Republicans or Democrats across different states to bring down the rate of incarceration. Thus, a reduction of the incarceration rates attracts the development of the appropriate policy framework that embraces alternative mechanisms for punishing some crimes, whi
The authors of the books “Dancing Girls” and “Madman” by Margaret Atwood and Chinua Achebe respectively are being acknowledged as the “classical authors of today” (David; Wilson 5, 9). Chinua Achebe, who has reciprocal relations with the characters of his short and long narrations, is a Nigerian author, literary critique and a poet (Ogede, 4), is a composer of a multilayered short story “Madman”, which is definitely worth reading. And the “prolific poet, novelist, literary critic, feminist, and activist Margaret Atwood” (Wikipedia), managed to arrange the volume of the short stories and publish it in 1977, one of the stories is chosen to be analyzed in the given work. Both authors explore the crucial topic of today and give an important insight into the inner conflicts of their protagonists. Thus, the book “Madman” discovers the social problems of people in Africa and the misjudgment of the man’s acts, and the loneliness going by some cultural prejudices. While the book “Dancing Girls” is exploring the emotional state of the foreigner as an aspect of loneliness in the strange land, also it explores the dreams, the objectives of people, who came to the strange country for them. Still, these books are quite different by the cultural backgrounds, which are presented in them. Consequently, the books “Dancing Girls” and “Madman” is similar in terms of exploring miscellaneous crucial topics like loneliness, the relationship of their protagonists with other people, involved in the story, but still, there are quite different in terms of looking at their loneliness from another angle, depicting different cultural background, economic status of the characters within society, the personality of the main characters. Firstly, the loneliness of the characters and their relations depicted in the texts emphasize the similarities of the stories. Considering the book by Margaret Atwood, the first thing which occurs is the feeling of loneliness, piercing the text of the story as a leitmotif. The narrator of the story is a girl, who came to an American city to be a future Urban designer. She tells the reader about her life, her background, her pretensions, and the reason why she rents just this very flat, which she does not like. Moreover, she assures that the flat of Mrs. Nolan is left over for her as she does not have enough money to afford anything else. Through the narration of the girl, the reader comes across Leilah, a Turkish girl with a golden tooth. While reading the first abstracts of the story, one manages to notice this feeling. Even comparing herself with Leilah, the girl mentions the letters, she received from hom
Stress can be defined as a brain’s response to a demand for the adaptive capacities of an individual (Olpin & Hesson, 2014). The ability to handle it determines the outcome of the influence of a particular stressor. According to the Yerkes-Dodson principle, a small amount of stress is beneficial for performance and well-being; however, the prolonged influence of the level of stress that surpasses one’s coping ability might translate into the reduction of motivation and health problems (Olpin & Hesson, 2014). Therefore, stress can be divided into four categories: good, bad, acute, and chronic. Good or eustress is usually caused by an event that is perceived as positive by a person experiencing it. On the other hand, bad stress or distress is associated with the negative influence of stressors that overcomes an individual’s coping capacity. Acute stress is episodic in its nature and is characterized by the extreme arousal of the nervous system as a result of a situation initiating a stress response (Olpin & Hesson, 2014). The most common sources of stress for college students: time management, personal expectations, family expectations and family life, academic demands, finances, employment, relationships, mental and physical health issues, information overload, and living arrangements, among others (Olpin & Hesson, 2014). In order to reduce distress, it is important to develop a comprehensive plan that will be best suited to an individual’s life choices and needs. The assessment of stress levels should be the initial point of determining the correct strategy for dealing with it. Numerous tools and resources could be used to this end; however, it is recommended to use a couple of them simultaneously to obtain more precise results (Olpin & Hesson, 2014). Stress causes the state of psychological hyperarousal, followed by an intense physiological response. A good example of involuntary reaction to a threat is a fight-or-flight response that helps a human organism to cope with a perceived physical danger (Olpin & Hesson, 2014). The fight-or-flight response is associated with the activation of the sympathetic nervous system that shifts the homeostasis and activates behavioral mechanisms conducive to survival (Olpin & Hesson, 2014). Adrenal glands initiate the secretion of stress hormones that enhance speed and power, thus making the emergency action more effective. Unlike, fight-or-flight response, chronic stress is able to significantly disrupt homeostasis and result in numerous health problems. Medium-term chronic stress is usually associated with headaches, sleep disorders, and muscle pain, among others (Olpin & Hesson, 2014). It also disrupts the normal functioning of the immune system, thereby making it less responsive to various infections. Long stress, on the other hand, is even more dangerous because it can result in higher chances of heart disease. The lingering of cortisol associated with prolonged stress disrupts the secretion of lymphocytes and interleukins, thus severely impairing the immune system (Olpi
A class survey of 170 BBA111 students on their extraversion and ‘need for achievement’ scores, a correlation analysis was conducted to try and establish the relationship of the two variables. It was identified that there was a statistically significant correlation of r = 0.39 between ‘extraversion’ and ‘need for achievement’. The correlation is not only positive but it is moderate. The relationship indicates that an increase in extraversion leads to an increase in ‘need for achievement’. It also implies that the extraversion is an important determinant of ‘need for achievement’. Tosi, Mero and Rizo (2000) describe a trait as a tendency of a person to respond in a given way – both in their emotions and their behaviors and this reaction have to be somewhat stable. Extroversion as among the five well acknowledged personality traits is characterized by being sociable, assertive and proactive/energetic . When talking about extraversion as a personality trait, one essentially focuses on certain traits some of which include sociability, positive emotionality as well as assertiveness (Ulu & Tezer, 2010). Considering ‘need for achievement’ as an aspect of adaptive perfectionism, Ulu & Tezer (2010) report that there exist a positive relationship between extraversion and adaptive perfectionism. Need for achievement is perceived as the tendency to set up high individual standards and goals and it is also regarded as achievement motivation (Sharma & Malhotra, 2007). Proactivity as an aspect of ‘need for achievement’ has been cited by Holman (2003) as being affected by the personality trait of extraversion. Persons who demonstrate need for achievement have a moderate personal initiative and it is reported that extraversion is moderately related to personal initiative. A correlation of r = 0.33 has been identified between extraversion and personal as reported by Holman (2003). This implies that the current findings from the BBA111 students’ survey were in tandem with other findings. In deed, need for achievement is one of the determinants of extraversion. The nature of extroverts to be active and sociable and their energetic lives makes them to be compelled to act or to achieve. It has been for instance identified that extraverts are moderately good in academic performance as indicated by positive and moderate correlations between these two variables. Extraversion is particularly found to be positively correlated with academic performance (Chamorro-Premuzic & Fur