ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Grant (1995) explores the concept of industrial symbiosis in which industries from different segments work to create an environment in which by-products and waste products are exchanged for mutual benefit. The author suggests that industrial symbiosis is the phenomenon of “industrial networks that have the capacity to self organize and optimize resource flows.” It is the student’s view that while such communities do exists in some cases, the majority of the industrial segments are caught in a struggle to get a competitive advantage over others. Altruism is difficult to come by in the industry, and its various manifestations should be seen as a work and earn reward system. Citing examples of the Toyota manufacturing company, the author suggests that the Toyota Production System (TPS) is a good example of industrial symbiosis. According to the author, in the TPS network, a number of vendors interact as per the system set up by Toyota. The vendors share information and knowledge, and there is a healthy interaction of knowledge exchange. The author asserts that such a process creates a much more efficient production system and has a lesser impact on the environment since there is nothing called waste. This model has succeeded in some areas, while in others, it has not. It can be seen from the arguments put forth by the author, TPS is a competitive advantage that Toyota has earned over other car manufacturers such as GE, Ford, and other companies. It can be argued that the benefits of the industrial symbiosis, in this case, are restricted to the vendors of Toyota and the company itself. Industries that are not a part of the community do not get any benefits but are faced with a very competitive player. The student points out that industrial symbiosis fosters self-improvement and that it is not passive but active and forces members to improve. Those that do not adapt and improve miss out on opportunities. The observation is supported by the authors’ comments on the industrial revolution that forced industries to use machines to be competitive. A few key areas are suggested for further research, and these include developing different models of industrial symbiosis that lay a framework for the structure, different players, and the economic cycles of such communities. As in any community, there are the producers, the consumers, and the processors. The structure needs to be examined with reference to different industrial segments such as infrastructure, manufacturing, and others. A manufacturing network would include manufacturers of steel and iron ores, foundries, shipping and logistics, raw material processing, assemblers, recycling plants, and so on. The model should attempt to define a framework for how such networks could be structured, at what distances apart, how such communities affect the general economy, and so on, and more importantly, how knowledge exchange would help to increase efficiency. Giving examples of suc
Being such a risky profession, fire fighting requires the use of highly specialized gear that will enable the fire fighter to effectively deal with fire emergencies (Hasenmeier 1). It is therefore essential to provide fire fighters with well designed personal protective equipment so as to safeguard their lives. In the early days, firefighters had no choice but to fight fires with whatever they wore. Today, however, it is easier and safer to deal with fire disasters thanks to successive technological advancements that have led to better quality personal protective equipment being made available for the fire fighters. The design of personal protective equipment worn by firefighters today is in so many ways different from what was used by the early firefighters (Hasenmeier 1). According to Smith (1), the earlier gear used by fire fighters made it extremely difficult for them to get into burning structures to move victims to safety. The type of clothing used by earlier fire fighters offered poor protection from heat and flames and could not allow interior operations to be carried out effectively. Using their daily unspecialized clothes, fire fighters could only fight the fires from the outside (Hasenmeier 1). The advent of modern personal protective equipment has, however, made it possible for the fighters to help people trapped in fire. Although attempts were made to design uniforms to be worn by fire fighters, these were used mainly as a way to identify members of different fire fighting companies (Klinoff 77). Rather than being used when fighting fire, the uniforms were worn at parades and other forms of gathering. The uniforms were well trimmed and had larger letters or numbers printed on the front of the shirt. In addition, the fire fighters would wear a thick leather belt with the company number on the buckle. The belt also provided a place to hang the fire fighters’ tools. During the 1800s, standard uniforms were adopted by major companies and the larger numbers and letters were replaced by a badge identifying a member’s rank and his or her department. Figure 1 shows one of the old style uniforms used during firefighting (Klinoff 77). Figure 1: Old style uniform with firefighter holding a speaking trumpet This paper outlines how different personal protective equipment has evolved over the years. Specifically, the bunker gear, the fire fighter’s helmet, the self contained breathing apparatus as well as boots and gloves are discussed in the succeeding sections. Bunker Gear The clothing worn by a fire fighter is regarded as one of the most vital pieces of equipment that he or she must have (Smith 1). The bunker gear commonly refers to the coat and pant designed to help keep the wearer safe from dangers that are associated with fire fighting. Like other fire fighting equipment, the bunker gear has undergone an elaborate development process. As has been argued by some people the bunker gear had its origins among the soldiers who fought in the World War I (Smith 1). As the methods of attacking fire became more aggressive, the fire fight
Introduction Studying how well interactive whiteboards (IWBs) are perceived by teachers is impossible without conducting face-to-face interviews. In this section, a content analysis of interview transcripts will be presented to provide answers to research questions that formulated the study. The two research questions to be answered are the following:  1. What are teachers’ perceptions of the use of IWBs in primary schools in Ha’il City, Saudi Arabia?  2. What are teachers’ training needs in terms of becoming effective in using IWBs? Initially, there was an additional third research question concerned with whether there were any gender differences in the perceptions and training needs of teachers, which was formulated to see whether males were more proficient in using such technologies as interactive whiteboards. However, it was decided against being used in this specific research project as all of the interviewed teachers were females. It is possible to conduct a separate study with male researchers who could interview male teachers, and then the results could be compared. Teachers’ Perceptions of the Use of IWBs The content and thematic analysis of interviews allowed the researchers to explore the variability in teachers’ attitudes toward the use of IWBs. The analysis was characterized by a close examination and recording of trends and patterns found in the transcripts of the teachers’ interviews. As illustrated in Appendix A, the analysis consisted of developing categories and rules of coding to identify common themes and offer specific examples (teachers’ answers in quotations) to provide a comprehensive overview of how teachers perceived the use of IWBs within a classroom setting and how their knowledge of utilizing them could be improved. The first question in the interview was concerned with whether teachers would use IWBs if they were available permanently; five out of eight teachers indicated a positive response. For instance, T1 said that IWBs would help students understand new information quicker, while T7 indicated that IWBs could save a lot of time. On the other hand, three out of eight respondents did not show a positive attitude toward permanent IWB use. For example, T2 said that the technology itself was bothersome and gave her headaches, while T6 concluded that IWBs require extreme accuracy (see appendix A). When asked about how they compared IWBs to traditional blackboards, the teachers gave different answers, which can also be linked to their attitudes toward the use of these technologies. Four out of eight respondents had the opinion that IWBs were better than traditional blackboards. They supported their view by giving answers such as, “interactive whiteboards
Introduction The following business report analyzes the company Anheuser Busch to identify the issues that it is facing pertaining to its strategic position as the market leader. For this purpose the report provides a brief overview of the company, its mission and vision. The issues that are faced by the company have been identified. Recommendations and an associated implementation plan has been proposed to enable the Anheuser Busch to counter and resolve the issues that are threatening the leadership position of the country in the market. Company Background The Anheuser-Busch company has been the industry leader in the international market for the brewing industry. The company has its main operations based in the United States and holds the major shared of the market for beverage based products all over the world. The largest market for beverages exists in Europe and the Anheuser-Busch company has a strong presence as well as a leadership in the European market even though other strong local players are present in the local European market. The primary focus of the company in terms market is the United States where the company dominates the beer segment of the market. The mission of the company has been to be leading beer company in the world that is present to satisfy and entertain the global target market while bearing profitable returns for its shareholders. The claim to fame that Anheuser-Busch has had for its operations and success resulting in the current leadership position that they have in the market pertains to the innovation and the technology that they have employed for the manufacturing, storage and processing of their beverages Identified Issues An analysis of the company has provided that the company has been facing increasing sales revenue in the local and the international markets however the market targeted by the company is shrinking. The consumer perceptions about alcohol consumption have considerably contributed to the change in the preferences of the customers as alcohol beverages along with the lifestyle choices that they make. It has been identified that the company is highly dependent on its local/ domestic beer division for driving its revenue and profits for the operations. The company is well established in the international markets, however around 70 percent of the company’s sales are made within the United States only. Aside form this company is also highly dependent wholesaler for its beer sales in the face of a lacking retailing solution. Other threats that have been identified which hamper the business for Anheuser Busch pertain to prohibition of widespread marketing of alcoholic beverages in the mass media, the governmental regulations, and trade barriers between that prevent the company from attaining a higher market share in its internatio
Introduction It needs to be said that Osmose project by Char Davies was quite impressive when it was first introduced, and it is still viewed as one of the best examples of new media art. She has used the experience that was gained during the work on other programs to create this interactive work that can be called a masterpiece. Discussion It is paramount to note that the level of integration that has been achieved with this work is truly astounding. The contemporary artist has utilized a broad range of technologies to create this unique experience. On the other hand, the level of interactivity is relatively small because an individual cannot influence what is going on in a particular scenario. However, it is paramount to note that it can be perceived like this because the progress in this area has been quite dramatic over the last few years. For example, such projects as Oculus Rift have changed the way virtual reality is viewed by most because it allows an individual to have control over the actions with a use of such tools as a keyboard, mouse, or a gamepad. However, the fact that balance and breath could be used to interact with virtual reality is quite significant and should not be disregarded. It is paramount to note that this way to move is incredibly innovative and leads to a unique experience. However, it was done intentionally to make sure that one gets a feeling of being present in a particular environment. Another aspect that is worth mentioning is that it is one of the best examples of hypermedia because several elements are closely linked with each other to create a truly unique piece. The level of immersion is also quite high, and it is achieved with a range of tools. The environment is incredibly well-designed, and sounds are of extremely high quality. A tree that is a central object in this project is essential because it represents life (Grau, 2003, p. 195). It needs to be said that the exhibition has lacked any particular story, and narrative can be viewed as non-linear, and some parts are especially interesting because it seems like author tries to deliver a hidden message. The fact that improvisation was used during the creation is also significant and should be taken into account because it can be seen that the results of hard work and research have paid off in the end. It is also important to say that it is quite likely that there will be new ways to perceive and interact with reality in the future, and this project is one of the steps in that direction (Davies, 1997, p. 300). Conclusion In conclusion, it needs to be said that this project has been extremely revolutionary for its time and has drawn attention to virtual reality. The most important aspect that should not be disregarded is that it can be viewed as a form of art that is trul
The article reports on a study by Bahrami, Barati, Ghoroghchian, Montazer-alfaraj, and Ezzatabadi (2016) on the impact of organisational climate on organisational commitment in teaching hospitals. The changing scenario developed by the authors included assessing the correlation between nurses’ organisational commitment and perceived organisational climate and focusing the management’s efforts on improving organisational climate, in accordance with the results of the study (Bahrami et al., 2016). A total of 90 nurses from two separate teaching hospitals in Iran participated in the study and completed questionnaires. The theory behind the change is fully explained in the introductory section of the report. The authors provide an adequate exploration of the key concepts involved in their study. They present a detailed overview of organisational commitment and its effects on the organisation. For example, Bahrami et al. (2016) state that high organisational commitment positively affects the quality of services provided by the organisation, whereas low organisational commitment impairs performance. Also, organisational commitment is not a separate concept and can be influenced by several workplace factors, including organisational climate. Bahrami et al. (2016) define organisational climate in terms of employees’ perceptions and feelings about the organisation. It can affect organisational commitment by enhancing or decreasing job satisfaction, as well as by facilitating or obstructing a positive working environment (Bahrami et al., 2016). The theory of a positive correlation between organisational climate and organisational commitment was also supported by previous studies. The authors sought to apply the theory to teaching hospital settings in order to enhance the understanding of this relationship in healthcare and develop recommendations based on the results. The change was managed in two steps. First, the authors completed their study of the relationship between organisational climate and commitment. Secondly, the authors provided recommendations for managers based on the results of the study. The research included collecting data using two separate questionnaires: Allen and Meyer’s organisational commitment questionnaire and Organisational Climate Description Questionnaire, developed in one of the past studies (Bahrami et al., 2016). Questionnaires were distributed to 100 nurses with a response rate of 90%, and the results were analysed for correlation using statistical software. The results showed a strong positive relationship between organisational climate and organisational commitment. In the final section of the article, the authors recommended that managers should focus on activities and efforts enhancing organisational climate in order to improve commitment. For example, Bahrami et al. (2016) stated that “managers should be familiar with the organisational goals and be committed to achieving them in ord
Introduction Work-life balance is a top agenda item for human resource managers of most multinational and large organizations. It is even the top priority issue for employees everywhere. Whether to adopt work-life balance or flexible schedules remains a contentious issue especially with times of great business economic threats on one hand and increased family pressure on the other. Even though organizations globally manage a workforce that is very culturally diverse, they are faced with one similar challenge of managing a more informed workforce which demands for more and more rights even in difficult economic times. Even the environment itself promotes such demands to arise and thus managers must remain competitively capable of handling this. For instance, a recent survey and report in the UK showed that longer drinking hours have significantly increased work absence (Churchard 2011). There is a continuous search for ways that will not force people to choose between work and family or friends. In multinationals, the task is not as easy as it may be on local companies. The international human resource managers are faced by an extra task of understanding the various demographic and cultural differences in the countries in which their organizations are to be found. This means that the HR policies may not be directly transferable among the countries. A policy that may be applicable in one culture without any resistance from staff may face rejection if applied in a different culture if customization is not done. In this paper, focus is given to personnel policies that relate to flexibility and work-life balance. The human resource practices in some local and multinational companies are addressed and it is sought if a set of policies related to work-life balance in a multinational corporation can be applicable to a subsidiary in a different country. “Trends of Working Time in Europe” In Europe, clear efforts to improve on working hours began in the 1980s, even though there had been efforts here and there to achieve the same. In Germany, working time flexibility increased since the compromise in the metal working industry in 1984. Today, over 52% of all the dependent employees work within a flexible organization. (Carl & Maier 2009) In an experts meeting held in Dublin on 3 rd June 2011, Boulin (2011) suggested that institutions in the European Union adopt policies that favor work/life balance through parental leaves and childcare facilities and also gender mainstreaming. A suggestion was therefore made that revision of working time be done in regards to long working hours, working time options and rules concerning unsocial hours. On the same meeting, Italian human resource expert Addabbo Tindara suggested that the quality of work dimensions be looked at from six sides namely the “social, economic, work-life balance, complexity, organizational and ergonomic dimensions.” According to the Norwegian National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), flexible working hours can be a major hindrance to work-life balance. Data shows that for people
The purpose of this research is to analyze emerging trends in delivery. The research will look at the influence doctors, families, childbirth classes and other modes of gaining knowledge have on the choice of delivery method. An unstructured survey will be the most appropriate method of measurement for gathering the information required for analysis. My sample would comprise of 1500 first time pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy out of which I would expect to have a 75% response rate. The samples would consist of both natural United States citizens and un- naturalized immigrants. Due to the anticipated large number of possible candidates, a cluster sampling of women in different types of educational classes and in hospitals in New York would be done. New York City is an appropriate location for my research becau
Institutions hold a great deal of power over people and can influence people’s daily lives dramatically. Every human activity connects to one or several institutions simultaneously, so the population’s daily lives are closely related to social institutions and could be influenced in a positive or a negative way. This essay will explore how institutions affect people’s lives through the example of a college student’s life and evaluate whether their influence is positive or negative. The family institution shapes an individual’s views on the themes of gender and gender equality in daily life. According to Ang et al. (2021), the family institution mainly perceives both genders as equal, which is positive for gender equality. Authors emphasize that cases of the unequal amount of pocket money received by a sibling of another gender rarely happen in family institutions. On the other hand, the authors identified that in family institutions, the household chores remain divided by the traditional gender roles, which could negatively influence the younger individuals’ perception of gender equality. In the education institution, both positive and negative effects could take place. According to Van Rensburg and Rothmann (2020), positive interventions and positive practices in different social institutions, like education, could result in higher performance levels and improved motivation of the students. However, depending on the type of educational organization, it could potentially influence the students’ social status and limit the student’s opportunities. Lastly, the economic institution influences the daily life of the whole population in the same way. The economy determines the labor market, so a positive situation with guaranteed high wages could motivate the students to improve their level of knowledge and spend more time on education processes. However, the economic institution also determines the living conditions for students. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most students had to change their place of living, and many were at a loss of employment. According to Owens et al. (2020), many students experienced housing and food insecurities in the past year. In conclusion, this essay explored how different institutions influenced people’s lives through the example of a college student’s life and attempted to evaluate whether the influence of institutions is positive or negative. The study showed that the college students’ life is majorly affected by the family, education, and economic institutions. Moreover, all institutions could affect an individual’s daily life both positively and negatively.