ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Emancipation Proclamation is a historic event in the US, which remains an object of great criticism to date. Abraham Lincoln supported freedom for slaves in America, but he slurred the process, which made his intentions questionable. Arguably, Lincoln never had humanitarian intentions when calling for abolition of slavery. Lincoln wanted to strengthen ties with the Great Britain because he never wanted the Great Britain to see the confederate as a charitable institution. In his 1859 speech at Cincinnati, it was obvious that Abraham Lincoln only intended to save the confederacy between America and the Great Britain. Freeing slaves would only be an end to the means because most people referred to Lincoln as the president of the whites. The Emancipation Proclamation and the end of the Civil War remain the greatest accomplishments of Abraham Lincoln as a president of the US in the 1860s. Each president in the US and other countries often leaves a legacy and the competition to leave one always places much pressure on them. For instance, President Obama’s Healthcare policy received much criticism, but he insisted on the long-term policy because he has a legacy to protect. It explains the commitment Lincoln displayed when leading the Emancipation Proclamation even as the outcomes rarely aimed at freeing slaves completely. The Emancipation Proclamation was not to end slavery as many had believed, but it was only the beginning of a very long struggle for equality and survival. The Emancipation Proclamation “Gone with the Wind” is a re-enactment of the events that took place in the streets of Atlanta after the American President declared their freedom. Each of them received a mule and forty acres of land in the storyline that measures up to the joy that they had after the Emancipation Proclamation. 1 Abraham Lincoln died of melancholy, he lost his first son at the toddling age, and his entire family had problems. Largely, the events of his life affected the way Lincoln dealt with issues in America. When Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation document, the slaves felt happy, but it never assured them that slavery would end completely. Critics of the Emancipation Proclamation mention that America had a reputation to keep, and the history of enslaving people would automatically interfere with its position in the confederacy. The UK would withdraw relations with the US if Lincoln supported slavery and became the president of the whites. Lincoln’s campaign agenda was to emancipate the slaves in Ame
Power is the concept associated with the organizational ability to influence other parties in partnerships ( Key concept 2014). Although power is commonly perceived as a negative phenomenon that involves manipulation or excess dominance, it may have multiple positive impacts on the business conduction, value creation, and the establishment of long-term partnerships. Power is one of the major and valuable properties of large international enterprises that assists in the effective fulfillment of various operational tasks, such as supply chain management (Meehan & Wright 2012). For example, ExxonMobil is one of the largest publicly traded oil and gas companies operating worldwide, and its power helps the organizational leaders and management to increase operational control and achieve significant positive outcomes. It is observed that organizational power may positively affect the relations with sellers or buyers by influencing the decisions and actions of another party and increasing its commitment to the partnership (Cox 2004). ExxonMobil complies with the ethical principles of conduct and considers the social interests and needs to contribute to the development of its positive corporate citizenship ( Corporate citizenship report 2016). In this way, by using its property of power, the company may incline its partners and suppliers to the ethical business conduct. ExxonMobil may influence the suppliers’ decisions to increase their orientation to the environmental sustainability and realization of ecological principles in supply chain management. As an international enterprise, ExxonMobil has an extensive supply base, and its dependence on the suppliers thus is relatively small. The ability to acquire multiple sources of supply is regarded as a contribution to power increase ( Key concept 2014). And it is possible to assume that the more power the organization obtains, the more attractive it is to the potential suppliers and consumers. Thus, the organizational power has an overall positive impact on the establishment of the relationships, the commitment to partnerships, and the loyalty of other parties. Trust Trust is an essential element in the successful buyer-seller cooperation (Stuart, Verville & Taskin 2011). Trust is associated with confidence, belief in the credibility, competence, and goodness of another party. Trust supported by the organizational reliability increases the effectiveness of relationship establishment with both partners and consumers ( Key concept 2014). ExxonMobil may build its relations with suppliers according to different principles of trust. For example, the basic level of trust, calculus-based trust, can be achieved and enforced at the initial stage of the buyer-seller relationship establishment. Calculus-based trust is supported by the legal regulations, and it helps to reduce the financial and reputational risks provoked by the collaboration with the inexperienced or unfamil
The twenty-first century led to the expansion of many universally acclaimed freedoms, and nowadays, minority rights find support at governmental levels. However, producing a change in the minds and hearts of people will take time. Today, many stereotypes rooted in people’s conscience since times unmemorable still surface, resulting in abuse and disrespect to minority groups. This paper asserts that the issues of racism and microaggression declared redundant persist in society and have a significant impact on people’s attitudes and everyday life. Stereotypes are established thought forms rooted in the minds of particular groups of people, in the social environment, and in the perception of other nations. Nowadays, when racism is declared to be done with, racial stereotypes still abound and have a significant impact on minorities’ everyday life. The episode shown in the film “Two Distant Strangers” provides evidence of how stereotypes influence people’s perception day by day. An Afro-American gets into a time loop and every time is killed by a policeman. One time the Afro-American collides with a white man by mistake and is at once seized by the policeman ( Two Distant Strangers ). Another time the policeman wants to search him for a joint. Since the actions change quickly, the policeman acts on an impulse, born out of stereotypes learned with the mother’s milk. His prejudices against Afro-Americans come to the fore in the act of aggression aimed at the film’s main character. The director of the film aptly portrays how racial stereotypes, when long subdued, can become the breeding ground for feelings of anger, frustration, and enmity. These feelings, in their turn, may accumulate and bring about acts of aggression against Afro-Americans. While the perspective looks gloomy, certain steps can be undertaken to remedy the situation. First of all, early education as to the equality of all races and genders can help to mend the bridges that have been there for centuries. A good idea with the adult population may be organizing different groups of interests for people of all colors. Thus, people may find something in common with individuals belonging to other races, which may gradually change their perception. Today, many stereotypes persist in society; the cases of racism and microaggression can sadly be found in all spheres of life. The difficulty abolishing stereotypes lies in their subconscious and intuitive character when a person acts on an impulse and does not give oneself time to think one’s actions over. However, ear
In writing, rhetorical techniques are commonly used to convey a meaning to the reader with the intention of persuading him or her to consider the subject under consideration from a different viewpoint. In the article, “Innovative Minds Don’t Think Alike,” the writer, Janet Rae-Dupree has successfully employed these devices to convey her unique message to her readers. She aims to convince her readers that as people become more knowledgeable and experienced, their creativity and ability to come up with new things tend to weaken. After introducing her essay, Janet gives anecdotal evidence in which she narrates the results of an experiment done by a psychologist known as Elizabeth Newton. This technique immediately makes the article to appear formal and non-biased. The anecdote assists to illustrate her position as well as capture the attention of the readers. Shortly, after capturing the attention of her readers, Janet then adopts the use of argumentation with the intention of convincing her readers through reasoning to accept her perspective about the “curse of knowledge” (Rae-Dupree, para. 2). To achieve this, she quotes various renowned writers and the experience of various people. Towards the conclusion of the essay, Janet uses lines of dialogue to bring life to the essay and make the readers to reflect more on the main idea of the article. Knowing the information that Janet is passing across is important because it helps in developing ways of getting rid of the tendency of people to loose innovative skills once their knowledge and experience increases. In addition, the article makes the readers to guard against ideologies that can make them taper off with their creativity. Assessment of “You’re Bored, but Your Brain Is Tuned In” by Benedict Carey Benedict Carey’s article “You’re Bored, but Your Brain Is Tuned In” addresses the issue of boredom and its influence in the lives of people. To convey his views about this issue, Benedict uses a number of rhetorical techniques. To begin with, he uses antithesis as an interesting and convenient tool for reinforcing his views about the topic. For example, researchers have concluded that boredom should “be recognized as a legitimate human emotion that can be central to learning and creativity” (Carey, para. 4). Benedict’s use of antithesis in this instance is aimed at provoking the
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problem of elder abuse in America based on the data from the United States. It is estimated that 1 in 10 adults in the US is affected by this issue in some way (Teaster et al. 41). Even more alarming is the fact that the number of elder abuse reports is said to be significantly lower than the number of actual occurrences. Among other factors, elderly citizens are subjected to financial abuse, emotional abuse, and in some cases, even physical abuse. The issue of elder abuse is not well recognized and public awareness of it is low. Contributing to this is the way the elderly handle the situation. A national prevalence study states that only 8% of participants who admitted to experiencing emotional abuse have reported it to the police (Roberto 302). It appears that the seniors tend to have a passive mindset, either from fear of the abuser’s retaliation or from lack of belief in help from the state institutions. Financial Abuse Financial abuse is manifested in various forms of exploitation of an elderly person’s monetary resources, usually by a family member or another trusted figure. There are numerous forms of financial abuse; for instance, a caretaker could persuade an elderly person that they are entitled to additional compensation for their work (Roberto 305). In other cases, a relative could gain access to a senior’s savings and spend or withdraw substantial amounts of money without asking for permission or informing the owner in any way. The significance of this aspect of the problem cannot be understated, as the elders depend on their savings and other material possessions more than any other age group. In addition to the fact that regaining lost property and money is challenging for a retired person, it is extremely disheartening for anyone to realize that the results of their life’s work were stolen. What is more, financial problems can even pose a threat to a person’s life, as many elders require extensive medical care and general assistance. To solve this problem, more people need to be made aware of it. If elders know that they are a likely target of various fraudulent practices, they might become more careful with their money. Unfortunately, this would mean that they will not be able to trust their caregivers and family members completely; however, that is
Introduction Over the past 3 decades, building design has become increasingly complex due to the necessity of having to incorporate both the technological aspect of modern living (i.e. electrical wires, telecommunication systems, and interior ventilation) as well as the increasing popularity of built in appliances and furniture (i.e. hidden storage spaces, movable beds, etc.). This, according to Goulding et al. (2012), has lead to numerous problems within the industry wherein architects, builders and engineers alike need to deal with having to translate complex 2D designs on paper into a working and functioning interior and exterior of a building in real life (Goulding et al. 2012, pp. 103-116). Not only that, one of the more unfortunate trends in the present day construction industry is the need to construct buildings within a relatively short period of time in order to save on the cost of labor and utilities. As a result, some construction projects tend to run 24 hours a day with multiple labor shifts being implemented in order to ensure that the building is completed as fast as possible. Li et al. (2003) states that such a method of construction, while impressive in terms of cost savings and completion time, can lead to mistakes in the building design since supervisors cannot be around 24 hours a day to ensure that the designs are completed according to their specifications (Li et al. 2003, p. 561). Another factor that should be taken into consideration is the fact that many constructions companies around the world, particularly those in China and the Middle East, tend to hire foreign design firms in order to create visually stunning buildings that have complex inner workings. At times the normal working relationship between an architect, the building’s engineers and laborers does not exist since the architect is on another continent and has merely provided the designs necessary for the building’s construction and nothing more. It is due to the factors that have been mentioned that it is necessary for a new system to be implemented that allows for the visualization of the design as well as allows for better collaboration between the architect, engineers and builders to ensure that the design elements, both aesthetic and functional, are implemented in the right way when a building is being constructed. Historical Background Originally, the use of virtual reality in construction within the past decade has been limited to 3D object design wherein separate 3D representations of the exterior and interior of the buildings are designed utilizing 3D Max and other types of software in order to create a representation of what the interior and exterior of the building is supposed to look like (Qinping 2011, pp. 116-118). Such systems though have been limited to a primarily video based format with no level of interactivity being incorporated into the representation. It merely shows how the design is supposed to look like but does not create an accurate gauge of how particular types of des
Introduction Both Plato and Descartes claim that what is perceived by the senses is just an illusion. It is claimed that what they say is true. But David Hume says that human knowledge depends on the senses. If what Plato and Descartes say is true, Hume’s philosophy will be dangerous in a certain way. Also, his philosophy conveys the importance and the beauty of the life of faith in the midst of a discouraging world. What Is the Basis for Hume’s Claim That the Senses Are the Only Ground Upon Which One May Secure Human Knowledge? The basis for Hume’s claim is his “Theory of Knowledge”. This theory says that a human gets his knowledge only from what he perceives by his senses (“Hume”). Human knowledge consists of two basic elements, impressions and ideas. Impressions are the results of what the senses perceive. Ideas are the results of impressions (“Philosophy”). David Hume claims that every idea that comes to the human mind is based on an impression, or else it will be false. For example, it’s impossible to imagine the feeling of having a certain disease (an idea) without having it (an impression) (“Hume”). This theory contains a number of laws that include:  1. “The Law of Association of Ideas”: All impressions and ideas are connected together. “This permits thought to pass from an actual impression to the idea of other impressions obtained in the past, and from these ideas to other ideas”. The ideas that have a certain connection between each other can be put in certain groups. Even the groups can have connections between each other and be put in groups. Simple ideas are accumulated to form “complex ideas” (“Philosophy”). For example, the idea of sound is a simple idea, but the idea of music is a complex idea (“Hume”). This law helps in believing in the “external world” (“Philosophy”).  2. “The Law of Habit”: The senses perceive a particular “phenomenon” associated with another
Introduction From 1900, when French-Canadian migrants shaped a huge, distinct, harmonized society to 2000, when French-Canadian migrants and their descendants were effectively undetectable, an integration of both, the language and culture of the French-Canadians into the popular language and culture of the United States occurred. The integration occurred on four aspects which were the economic, the social, the religious, and the educational. The four aspects are thoroughly entwined into a complex quagmire. The French-Canadians in 1900: History and roots The French in New England commenced their history with the inhabitation on an island in the St. Croix River in June 1604. From there, they examined the south to current-day Boston, and north to current-day Nova Scotia. They structured a permanent settlement in Port Royal, on the north coast of Nova Scotia. The area under discussion was known as La Cadie and is presently referred to as Acadia. La Cadie officially included the land between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Halifax, Nova Scotia. The original explorers were supposedly Catholic but were actually Protestant Huguenots who changed their faith for political rationale (Rolde, 1990). Most of them were in search of making wealth in the lately exposed world. Later, colonizers who populated both Acadia and Quebec was by and large devout Catholics, working-class underprivileged who were looking for monetary prospects and a nonviolent situate to nurture their families (Roby, 1990; Wade, 1955). Generally, the French established amicable relations with the Native Americans, and before long, started to compete economically with the British colonists who dominated to the south. The Acadians instituted trading paths across Maine to Quebec and were a major economic force. Later colonists were chiefly fishermen, farmers, and their kith and kin. Throughout North America, the French settlers tended to coexist peacefully with the local Indians, and there were many cases of intermarriage between the two groups (Roby, 1990; Wade, 1955). The French in North America perceived themselves as missionaries who were bringing deliverance to their Indian brothers and sisters. From these initial origins, the French in New England dispersed throughout the northeastern regions of the United States, but they tended to live in very small groups and there were approximately 60,000 people of French-Canadian origin located within the United States. Nearly all were located in the northern states with most of them in New England. A terrible monetary period coupled with political subjugation in Canada forced poor, working-class, and French-Canadian people to immigrate to the mills of New England as emigrant workers. As these emigrant workers returned every year, they brought their family members and began positioning their roots. Language, Culture, Religion Former French settlers were bilingual and well educated, but the latter influx was monolingual and poorly cultured. Their church was Roman Catholic and their liturgy was in French brought in from Quebec, rather than in English as in the United States. They were devoted to the Fren
Introduction Globalization gives great business opportunities to companies that have growth potential in different locations around the globe. It is of great importance that a company gets the right person for the right job at a given destination. This process involves organizational structures, procedures, and policies in human resource to operate a multinational company. This is opposed to just having the company in many locations, and in different countries. Once these structures are put in place, governance, which is crucial in ensuring the performance and productivity, is applied through international human resource management (Gartside, Griccioli & Richburg, 2011). This paper discusses on the importance of international human resource management in today’s workplace and how they affect the performance of multinational organizations. It further outlines the concepts, policies and practises in the international business arena that have necessitated the introduction of human resource management from a global perspective. International Human Resources Management (IHRM) in today’s global workplace When companies expand their operations to other regions beyond their mother locations, it requires platforms to improve on technology, global policies and procedures which are then forwarded to individual regions to operate as independent entities. This is achieved through the introduction of procedures and operations that allow innovation in the local market. This means that employees may not follow the company’s standard operations, for example, in marketing. This is because that region may require a different approach defined by the consumer spending patterns and interests. This requires that companies get individuals who adapt to new markets and drive growth while being consistent with the company’s procedures. This brings the issue of sourcing employees not only from the mother regions but also from the new destination because they are bound to understand the market better. This means the leadership of these new locations should be granted power to make decisions on processes and procedures of their region. Different regions have different cultures, which is also another challenging factor to business executives. When employees are exposed to areas with different cultures from what they are used to, they experience new ways of life, norms, rules and regulations which can be very challenging if a team from the locality is not intergraded to assist in orientating the team to the new region (Gartside, Griccioli & Richburg, 2011). A good strategy that works well can be the introduction of short term assignments for employees to work in different regions like two years. This enables employees to experience different environments, which gives them an upper hand if they have to relocate in the future. Talent is also a good investment which the IHRM teams have given priority. Best results are obtained in cases where a