ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Of all the treasures in the world, information has always been the most valuable one. In the present-day world, its value should have dropped. However, weirdly enough, the “inflation” has never taken place. Because of the increasing importance of the new forms of media, the old ones can possibly become obsolete. Therefore, the question of which of these is more valuable and whether people should pick one of these or maintain the use of both arises. Though the choice seems obviously be in the favor of the new media, there are a couple of issues to consider before passing the verdict. It is obvious that the modern forms of media namely, the online media, are very accessible. While there might be no place to buy newspapers or other media in the vicinity, the online media is always close at hand, except for the cases of power cuts. Hence, online sources are on par with the traditional media in terms of accessibility. When it comes to reliability, the traditional media is in the winning position. However, the traditional media comes first by a very narrow edge. The key reason why it should be considered more reliable is that no one can edit it anonymously. The final point of comparison between the two media types is the person delivering the information. At this stage, the two media types have a lot in common. As much as in online media, in newspapers and journals, the author’s name can be easily omitted or altered. Hence, the traditional media seems to have more potential. Therefore, the rivalry between the traditional forms of media and the recently invented ones is obvious; moreover, it seems that the given contest is going to continue for a while and is highly likely to make one of the kinds of media disappear or, at least, become very unpopular. If comparing the viability of each of the forms of media in question, one must admit that the newest and the most recently developed forms of media, such as social networking or online blogs, are most likely to be the winner in the final battle of the media. However, the given hypothesis does not mean that the older forms of media are going to be washed away by the sands of time. It can be suggested that the “survivors” are still going to be used, though by considerably less people than it used to be, and on certain occasions. Hence, none of the media forms will ever disappear completely, since there will always be the people who will prefer to use less popular one.
The principal goal of this paper is to conduct the evaluation of the four main perspectives on gender while determining their primary weaknesses, strengths, and contribution to my understanding of the gender differences with the assistance of theoretical approaches. In this instance, the various perspectives of the construction of gender such as biological, cultural, psychological, and social will be discussed, as they determine the potential differences between genders. The evaluation of each approach will contribute to the understanding and definition of the core perspective, which influences my perception of gender differences. Firstly, the biological construction of gender can be defined as the biological differences between the representatives of different sexes (Chong 269). For instance, the prenatal conditions and the control of the hormones can be considered as matters, which define the gender identity and determine some of the behavioral patterns (Chong 269). Additionally, the evaluation of the strengths and drawbacks assists the application of the gender theory in terms of gender distinction. It could be said that the core advantage of this methodology is the discovery of the biological appearance of the individuals to define gender. In turn, the scientific background of the approach contributes to the relevance and profound nature of the information, which is based on the commonly accepted facts and principles. Nonetheless, the primary limitation is the inability to take into account the behavioral patterns of the individuals due to the influence of external factors such as socialization (Udry 443). The presence of this feature develops the inconsistency of the presented biological perspective of gender construction solely. In turn, the cultural construction of gender depicts the fact that different cultures have dissimilar perceptions about distinctive ideas of masculinity and femininity (Peoples and Bailey 244). Additionally, this approach contributes to the understanding of the variability of male’s and female’s behavior due to belonging to th
Conferring to one venerable explanation, the Naturalistic Conception of Human rights, human rights are the privileges and rights that we enjoy by the mere fact that we are humans. In addition, there is the Political Conception of Human rights which defines human rights as a limit of reasonable political action (Valentini 2012). This paper will discuss what explanations if any, the two conceptions offer in the event of differences among states on human rights protection. The United Nations is a body that ensures that there is a global observance of human rights. However, there are still incidences across the world that report a violation of such rights. Therefore, human rights concepts remain highly contestable from the perspectives of political differences between countries and regions (Etinson 2012). The principle of human rights differs from the practice of the same in a number of issues. Fundamentally, human rights are meant to safeguard what people feel is right for them by virtue of being human in the context that it does not infringe on the wellbeing of others (Goodhart 2009). Such a concept indicates the interrelationship between the two propositions. The Natural Conception Theory suggests that all humans have rights and there is nothing to debate while the Political Conception Model suggests that there is a limit concerning the action of political powers on an individual (Goodhart 2009). In circumstances where there exist differences in perceptions concerning human rights, the two theories offer reasonable explanations. For instance, debates on the rights of gay people attracted different approaches from different parts of the world. There are those who are in support of people who are gay, while others have orthodox approaches. The naturalistic approach offers all humans a right to practice what they feel to suit them more, which could explain why some political powers support such rights. Under such circumstances, the model grants all gay people a right to express their sexuality and prevents people from interfering with them (Hardwick et al. 2012). The same concept gets a justification from the religious perspective, which seeks to campaign for human rights observance through love. The theory requires that humans love their fellow humans regardless of whether they are their enemies or friends. In this way, it means that the religious theory would view anyone that denies another person what they are entitled to as an oppressor. However, the same theory is a sour
Introduction The paper is intended to give a historical view of NASCAR from the day it was founded to the present time. This will see us through the founders of NASCAR and also the body’s organizations, driver safety and how it is planning to harbor expansions globally. Foundation of NASCAR Known as the National Association for Stock Auto Racing, It is the biggest sanctioning body within the U.S and the business operated and owned by a family where multiple auto racing events are sanctioned and governed. NSCAR was founded in 1947 by Bill France Sr though the assistance of other several drivers. The company is currently operated under Brian France who is a grand son to Bill France. The Location of NASCAR headquarters is in Daytona Beach, Florida with other offices located within the U.S and parts of Canada and Mexico. History Two world records had been set in 1927 and 1935 at Daytona Beach in Florida (Greg, p. 10). With this in mind, the beach scenery was considered as a favorable place to hold stage races where land speeds were determined. This was as a result of a historic race in 1903 that occurred between Ranson Olds and Alexander Winton which made Daytona Beach a mecca for race fanatics and/or enthusiasts. NASCAR Sanctioned Series NASCAR has several sanctioned series that are performed within the A
The Smart Border Declaration signed by the USA and Canada in 2001 is a document aimed at the maintenance of the border security and the facilitation of the immigrants and goods control. The expanded version of the report implies such new collaboration fields as technology and biosecurity. One of the key points of this cooperation is the introduction of the developed biometrics standards – the inclusion of biometric data in the documents under the US-VISIT program. This measure helps to track the flow of people entering the countries. The flow of goods is controlled by means of a similar system – the Container Security Initiative. Moreover, the countries work on the advancement of the air recognition technology NEXUS-Air and the further upgrade of passenger and commercial processing. Another significant aspect of the collaboration involves the exchange of scientific experience in the questions of security technologies. On the whole, “Smart Borders” is a series of planned actions both Canada and the USA perform in order to ensure the countries’ security ( Smart Border Action Plan: Status Report, 2004). An intellectual property theft is a violation of one of the following rights: copyright, patent or trademark. The intellectual property system protects the right-owners, enabling them to appeal to a law-court for redress in case of any infringement ( Appendix A – Executive Order 13,133, 2000 ) . As far as the violation of the intellectual property does not imply the theft of any tangible assets, this kind of law breach is particularly hard to track. The holder might remain unaware of the infringement for a long period. Therefore, the government’s primary aim is to rend the IP violations ultimately undesirable. One can point out the two major factors that can serve as preventative measures. First of all, the heavier punishment the law warrants, the fewer people would be eager to break it. The possibility of getting a term can gravely reduce one’s desire to violate the IP right. Secondly, the public spirit is able to contribute to the reduction of the infringements’ number as well. The social refusal to use or buy the products that are known to be spread illegally is likely to influence the pirates’ gaining, thus, making the entire procedure less profitable. Either way, intellectual property protection is of vital importance for any country, as the IP violations can jeopardize both the economic and the security aspects of its life. Therefore, the IP rights are to be constantly enforced. The modern tendency of the extensive Wide Web use not only offers nu
Concepts of Ethics Ethics is one of the most significant branches in philosophy (Sims 12) that deal with the concepts of morality and special standards of special business behavior. In the third chapter of the book under consideration, the author defines several important concepts of ethics which are corporate behavior, discriminatory workplaces, lack of respect to human rights, and numerous conflicts of interests (Luthus and Doh 60). All these concepts play an important role for the development of any company. The way of how managers and corporate workers understand their duties and functions defines the quality of the work performed. This is why each concept identified in this chapter has to be considered by all members of a company. Concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility In the chapter, several concepts of social responsibility are identified to help managers organize company’s work on a good level. As a rule, CSR has to be concerned with a number of appropriate working conditions, social impact, and role of environment. These concepts are the three main points which are analyzed in the chapter. The point is that the concepts of CSR is usually closely related to the concepts of ethics, still, the main difference is that these activities are predetermined by law and are of voluntary nature so that a firm may benefit the required number of people. To promote the work of a good quality within a company, it is necessary to adhere to special ethical codes and standards. Attention to working conditions will help to define the range of all operations and perform all them properly. MNCs and CSR MNCs are getting involved in corporate social responsibility due to several reasons: first, it is the impact of globalizations under which it is necessary to carry out the chosen business properly regarding social roles set; second, it is obligatory for all MNCs adopt internal codes of behavior; and finally, CSR is one of the most effective ways on how to develop good business, and the vast majority of MNCs understand that they have to display CSR’s sense be
An examination on the behavior of shrimps and crabs when exposed to sound within an enclosed environment. Problem Statement: Do sound waves, when consistently projected towards invertebrates within an enclosed environment, result in their avoidance of that particular area? Relevance of your testable question As humanity continues to expand its activity to encompass more and more areas around the world the result has been a subsequent expansion of activity into previously secluded habitats of various marine organisms. With this expansion has of course come the daily sounds associated with human activity such as the sounds of ship engines, the noise heard during the construction of an offshore oil platform or even the regular sound created by people within a general area. The inherent problem with this sound is that it is a form of stressor, namely, an outside factor that affects the ability of marine organisms to continue with their normal activities due to the effect of this outside form of interference. The inherent problem such a concept is that in most cases where a stressor is consistently applied to a particular environment the result usually results in marine organisms, especially invertebrates, leaving the immediate area. In the case of this particular study what will be examined is if sound can act as an effective stressor for invertebrates to actually cause them to avoid a particular area. It is believed that the results of this study will show that the sounds created by normal human activity within a given area cause marine organisms to avoid it thus precipitating a slow deterioration of the environmental balance within a given area. Literature review Marine invertebrates do not actually “hear” in the conventional sense, they lack the external sensory organs commonly associated with hearing to actually hear in the same way that various other species do. Various studies do show that they do respond to sound, as such this indicates that there must be some form of “hearing” taking place that causes them to perceive the sound itself. An examination of the interior workings of marine invertebrates shows that they possess organs known as chordotonal organs which act as a form of internal “mechanoreceptor”. What this means is that these particular organs sense cues normally associated with sound such as vibration since these organs are also utilized as a means of detecting various forms of pressure, movement and tension. The perceived reaction of invertebrates to sound is the result of them perceiving the sound as an external reaction caused by either a predator, prey or natural occurrence wi
The rate of change in career paths in many professions has been unprecedented in the last three decades. In addition, the number of disciplines in almost all fields has been growing in line with increasing amount of knowledge. Furthermore, job requirements of traditional careers have been evolving very rapidly. This means that the future professional growth of any person in any career requires careful thought and deliberate planning. Otherwise, the risk of becoming irrelevant is increasing with time. As a nursing professional, I recognize that the field of medicine is developing fast. The changes range from legislative and regulatory demands, to technological advances in nursing. Keeping up with the changes is mandatory for any nurse who expects to keep practicing in the years to come. The need to adapt to these changes is stronger for nurses who want to advance their careers. I would like to become a Nursing Supervisor in the near future. I admit that achieving this goal depends on how well I prepare for it. This paper addresses various issues that I need to take into account in preparation for my future career as a Nursing Supervisor. Goals Goal setting is one of the power strategies that I need to become a person of influence (Yoder-Wise, 2011). Nursing Supervisors must project power for them to handle their jobs successfully. I have four main goals in my professional development plan. My first goal is to develop a clear picture of the work done by Nursing Supervisors. I already know that Nursing Supervisors handle leadership and management duties as well as professional and technical work in the course of their careers (Yoder-Wise, 2011). I would like to understand the scope of these duties as I prepare to play this role in the future. My second goal is to develop a strategy for maintaining competence and relevance throughout my nursing career. I understand that it is impossible to rise in ranks within the healthcare sector if there are any questions concerning my competence. A Nursing Supervisor must be a very competent nurse to command respect. The third goal is to develop the relevant skills needed to qualify as a Nursing Supervisor. My basic training in nursing concentrated on the technical and professional aspects. I need to develop leadership skills to qualify as a Nursing Supervisor. The fourth objective is to develop a strategy for fin
Introduction As part of the pro-poor agenda exemplified by the UN’s Millennium Development Goals, micro-credit strategies have become a popular tool for addressing poverty in both rural and urban situations and have now been adopted by the World Bank as a key strategy for relieving poverty. Almost unanimously the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh is praised as the hallowed example of the success of these micro-finance schemes, particularly through its assistance to women. Critically examine how micro-credit works and why Grameen Bank has been able to be so successful: what are its strengths and weaknesses in terms of helping the poor? Discuss possible pitfalls in replicating the Grameen Bank’s success elsewhere. Main body This paper would seek to address certain important issues which would be in reference in to the Grameen Bank and its operational activities. The way the Grameen bank raised and the way it is currently operating is one of the biggest success stories to date of the micro-credit financial institute. It proved to be a par above the rest of the micro credit financial institutes and yet it too has certain weaknesses and flaws which would be addressed in this paper. It would also be seen that what are some of the issues in replicating the success and an anlysis would also be carried out of the sort of structural activities in the other financial institutions as well as the other financial models. This paper would in other words carry out a cost/benefit analysis in order the costs and benefits of implementing the Grameen success elsewhere. If one was to define what was meant by Microfinance it could be defined as the efforts or the initiatives which are taken by certain organizations in order to ensure that a certain section of the society has greater access to loan and saving faculties and over time is recognized worldwide as one of the most successful tools to eliminate poverty. The examples can be quoted of organizations such as those in Paxton (1996) which provided loans of an amount tantamount to 13 million loans which in worth seven billion USD. Grameen bank is one the biggest success stories of such initiatives ,began in 1976, it constituted around 260 million USD and its members list was quite vast as it entailed around 2. 3 million people. The fact that its success rate of collecting payments averages 90 percent and in certain cases even more speaks volume for the sort of success rate this organization has been able to achieve. One of the factors which greatly goes in the favor of this organization is the fact that despite having to face some of the worst natural disasters along with
Punishment is a form of imposing certain confinements or rules concerning a person who commits an offense. Punishment is used to deter crime. This is determined by the gravity and the certainty of the punishment which is normally directly proportional to the crime committed (Pizaro, 2006, p. 24). Crime is a societal understanding of what is good and bad; it is a justification for the particular kind of punishment. The state utilizes the societal backing as a means of ending crime. Crime therefore is an anti-social behavior that is not universally accepted by the society. Crime carries with itself negative connotations and it is destructive in nature. Punishment acts serve as a counter to crime; they make criminals traumatized and suffer from emotional and psychological injustices. There are four types of punishment that are carried out in the American society. These include retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation and social protection. Retribution is the kind of punishment whereby the offender suffers as much as the kind of crime he/she commits and the effects that it has. This kind of punishment has its basis in the Bible as the traditional form of punishment based on the principle of eye for an eye (Pizaro, 2006, p. 56). Going back to the Bible, crime was not only considered to be against the society but also against God Himself. Therefore, equal harshness of the punishment as the crime committed was recommended. In America, this kind of punishment is the common one within the legal system. After this kind of punishment, the individual does not turn to be a special member of the society in any way. People do not recognize him any different but just a criminal. In such a situation, the criminals stand a chance of repeated crimes due to the tolerance and already inflicted pain as well as being considered social misfits. A philosopher by the name Emanuel Kant considers this form of punishment a social justice to the offended. However, the critics for this method of punishment say that it is considered unethical according to the Christian teaching (Goldman, 1982, p. 57). In the United States, people argue that judges in their judgment do not have discretionary powers to allow for mitigating factors before a punishment. Regarding fines, rich people and poor ones pay the same kind of fine on the same kind of crime committed. These fines may seem more punitive to a poor person than to a rich one, for the latter it may not serve as a real punishment for the crime at all. Retribution does not give rise to real solution to crime in the United States due to its inability to cater for the psychological trauma caused to the victims of crime especially while in prison or even when fined. Many of those criminals punished through retribution are likely to hit back again. Deter