ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Modern concepts of marketing date back to the 18 th century. Industrial revolution provided systems and infrastructure that allowed producers to manage the distribution of goods via the expanding mass media. Furthermore, mass production led to separation of goods and consumers. Competition for customers increased in the early 20 th century causing greater focus on strategies for communication and advertising to persuade customers in crowded markets. In the 1950s, markets underwent significant saturation, which triggered intense competition for customers and led to the development of modern marketing strategies. The need to adopt diverse marketing strategies in the hospitality industry arose as the industry expanded to incorporate mass tourism, package travel and new concepts on restaurant services, which led to increased competition. Comprehension of consumer needs, identification of market segments and selection of appropriate tool for marketing is crucial in hospitality marketing. Market analysis provides business entities within the hospitality industry with information that facilitates adoption of strategies to attain strategic goals (Powers 28). Properly formulated market analyses provide a clear understanding of the target market and potential competitors. Maximization of the impacts of marketing activities depends on the comprehension of factors that influence consumers t
Introduction The Coca-Cola Company started functioning as a one man business which was hardly known to anyone. The drink itself was invented by Doctor John Pemberton in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia. Later, the same tear, a prohibition law made Pemberton change the formula for this nerve tonic and a headache remedy. The drink remained a nerve stimulant, but wine which used to be one of its ingredients was changed for sugar; despite this, however, the drinnk’s inventor continued calling it a “temperance drink.” After Pemberton’s death in 1888, the trademark which he and his partners created became unbelievably popular. By the end of 1890s, Coca-Cola became the most popular fountain drink among the Americans. Back then it was headed by Griggs Candler, another pharmacist from Atlanta, who managed to increase the sales of the syrup by 4000%. One of the facts which remains unknown is that Candler and one of Pemberton’s former partners, Frank Robinson, changed the recipe of the syrup and “perfected” the drink by adding several new ingredients and taking out some of the others. Besides, namely Robinson created the name of the drink and its script logo, as well as the slogan “delicious and refreshing.” The name itself symbolizes “the company’s main product, which stands for refreshment.” (Truitt, 2006, p.132) After 1900, Candler and his partners started selling the syrup to independent bottling companies who had the license allowing them to sell this drink. Due to this, Coca-Cola bottling factories started springing up across America bringing fame and richness to their owners. The Coke brand imprinted itself upon a number of other cultures appearing in song lyrics, movies, and even sculptures and paintings. The company, which was headed by Don Keough and Roberto Goizueta, attracted numerous investors, because Wall Street labeled it as a growth stock. By the late 1990s the Coca-Cola Company became “a sprawling empire employing 29,000 people worldwide.” (Feigenbaum, 2003, p.175) These days, there is hardly a country where Coca-Cola Company does not sell beverages; at this, two-thirds of the company’s sales come from outside the USA. The company sells large amounts of the products increasing its profits daily: The company serves 9 million stores which sell the drinks; to succeed in this, “the company has contracts with hundreds of bottlers, which add water to the company’s trademark concentrate and distribute the soft drinks in cans and bottles.” (Certo, 2005, p.99) There exist three types of bottlers to which the company sells syrups and concentrates: “First are independent bottlers in which the company has no ownership interest. Second are bottlers in which the company has a minority equity position. Third are bottlers in which t
In his article, Hoffman adds another dimension to the analysis of the effects that the Great Terror had on the citizens of the Soviet Union. The exploration of the workplace environment as the place where the inconsistencies between the proclaimed ideals of the USSR government and their implications could be seen especially clearly was conducted masterfully by Hoffman. For instance, the author stresses the multilevel hierarchy of the local executives and the official authorities, therefore, pointing to the fact that the process of identifying possible instances of dissident ideas and managing them in a manner as brutal and atrocious as a totalitarian regime could afford was managed very successfully. Furthermore, the connections that the author makes between Stalin’s attempts to purge Trotskyites and the increasingly large number of cases of expelling people from their workplaces that could be observed at the time are very thought-provoking and quite telling as far as the effects of Stalin’s policies were concerned. Despite the fact that Trotsky lived in exile most of his life, the Trotskyism movement made Stalin’s regime unstable by questioning the legitimacy of some of its regulations. Therefore, the overall line of reasoning chosen by Hoffman seems very sensible and quite efficient when proving the insanity of Stalin’s domestic policy. When explaining the
Economic policy uncertainty (EPU) measures proposed by the authors and added into the 1997–2016 data set assist in estimating out-of-sample values of future actual economic activity in the Eurozone and the United Kingdom. For the period before the global financial crisis of 2008, models based on conventional financial market data can be improved by including EPU measurements for the United States, the United Kingdom, or the entire European Union. According to an AR-benchmark model, a steeper yield curve and more significant stock market gains during and following the crisis era significantly boost out-of-sample forecast performance (Junttila & Vataja, 2018). As a consequence, while EPU data is crucial throughout normal business cycles, it may contain information aspects similar to financial market return factors during periods of market and general economic instability. Economists know that several factors can stifle companies’ employment and investment plans when it comes to evaluating uncertainty. Additionally, various types of uncertainty will have varying consequences on various sectors of the economy, most notably economic policy. For instance, a sizeable capital-intensive company may be more concerned about the pending lapse of an investment tax credit than a financial institution or store. Economic policy uncertainty is the second measure of economic unpredictability. The higher the economic ambiguity index, the more likely it is that real GDP and honest company fixed investment will drop. During recessions, there is a lot of uncertainty about economic policy and this is why it is important to note that the current business boom has had a lot of this uncertainty. They are right when they say that macroeconomic issues like oil prices, changes in monetary and fiscal policy, and new technologies that can be used by many people are important at the micro level. It is even more important when people are making long-term investments that are hard to get back on track. By waiting for new facts to become available, the business may discover that it has a greater chance of making an informed decision. According to the author’s reasoning, there is a value in deferring investment (Junttila & Vataja, 2018). This option value will be more or less lucrative depending on the company’s sense of economic uncertainty. As an outcome, macroeconomic problems can have a big impact on business investment and the economy. When the option value is high, investors are willing to give up some of their previous gains in return for additional knowledge, according to Junttila & Vataja. There is a lot of uncertainty and the chance that new information will change how projects are ranked, so current investment is being cut back because of these things. Many economic decisions, in my opinion, are based on what can be predicted to happen in the future. Businesses invest based on the possibility that their products will be purchased. Individuals shift residences in anticipation of a higher quality of life, college students save for a brighter future, an
It is common knowledge that humans are social beings who are in constant need for affection and communication with each other. These two factors form the foundation for the establishment of love and relationships that are three fold in nature; a) relationships between parents and their children (b) relationships between spouses and (c) relationships between friends. Whenever we mention the word love, most people only think of it within the confines of a relationship; that involves intimacy and romanticism, but love goes beyond that, it involves family and friends too (Keen, 1999). This paper therefore seeks to exercise its mandate of shedding light on society’s perception of the aforementioned relationships, and expectations placed on all the agents involved in the various relationships. The Dynamics of Parent-Child Relationships The relationship between parents and their children is considered to be the most important of all relationships, because it plays a pivotal role in defining ones character. Children who grow up in families where parents openly show care and compassion, turn out to be individuals who can share their problems with others, and find solutions through brainstorming with friends. Consequently, such people tend to suffer fewer incidences of depression and withdrawal from society. On the other hand, children who grow up in families where communication is limited and affection is not expressed, will undoubtedly transform to adults with wanting social skills, and would indeed be weighed down by challenges in life, because of keeping everything bottled up inside. Incidentally, children grow by
Abstract The main objective of the research is to determine the effect of an information system on risk management through an analysis of a real organisation. The study will be carried out through a structured survey and data will be collected using a questionnaire. It is likely that this project will teach companies to protect themselves from loss and learn lessons from participants. Background and the problem domain The major concern of this paper is risk management. All organisations face uncertainties at one point or another. If left unmitigated, risks can lead to substantial losses or even ultimate failure of businesses. Consequently, firms need to embrace certain options that can assist them in the process of handling these risks. Organisations, have limited resources that minimise the options available for risk management. Therefore, they must resort to creative and cost effective ways of dealing with risks; one of these methods is the use of information systems. Prior to looking at ways in which information systems relate to risk management, it is essential to outline the process of risk management. The latter term is a discipline on its own, which makes it difficult to summarise the processes involved in a small proposal. However, in short, risk management entails nine steps. The first is characterisation of the system, which involves the characterisation of the system one is analysing. The next step is identification of threats; these may be natural, such as hurricanes or floods; human such as cyber attacks, data loss, fire, physical weapons; environmental such as water damage, pollution or power failure. Vulnerability identification is the third step; these are all the potential flaws that may lead to manifestation of the threat. Thereafter, one must conduct control analysis as a fourth step. The analysis involves relating threats and vulnerabilities. Fifth, one should perform a likelihood determination. Usually, likelihood is determined through percentages; one must quantify the possibility of manifestation of a threat against the vulnerability associated with it. As a sixth step, the business needs to carry out an impact analysis of the threat. A threat may have an effect on the capabilities of an organisation. It may lead to financial losses or the loss of human life. The seventh step is the actual risk determination phase. This entails the impact of a threat as measured against vulnerability and after involvement of a tangible compromise. Risk determination precedes control recommendations that may range from mitigation, acceptance, transference, and avoidance. Finally, an organisation ought to document the results of the findings as the ninth step. After an analysis of what is involved in the risk management process, it is necessary to look at how this relates to information systems. Most literature on information systems and risk management tends to focus
Introduction Employees are a fundamental component in all organizations since their input leads to the achievement of company objectives. From this realization, many organizations have a Human Resource department whose role includes hiring employees. This activity is very important since the organization may find itself in need of personnel to fill new positions or to replace employees who have left the company.In selecting candidates for employments, a number of tools are relied on to help in the selection decision making. One of the most commonly used selection tool is the interview which is used to try and get a better assessment of the potential hire. However, research indicates that the interview is unreliable and invalid selection tool (French & Rumbles 2010). This paper will set out t
Introduction: The Origins of the New Ideas Like any other subject or concept, esthetics is subject to changes, the esthetics of architecture as well. No matter how close two styles can come, there will always be some distance between them, the line marked by the new ideas and the new vision of the world. In spite of the fact that art is considered a phenomenon that lies beyond time frame and transient fashion tastes, it does reprint reality and social events, which the change in the architecture style after a number of world fairs in XIX-XX centuries signifies. To evaluate the significance of the change in the architecture style which same to reign after the world fairs in XIX-XX centuries, one has to take account of the social events which took place in the world. Due to the galloping speed of the industrialization process, the new vision of architecture has been shaped, which resulted in the change of artistic style. Though social life is often considered completely detached from the artistic world, this was the case when social revolution shifted the concept of art as well. As Auerbach emphasized, depicting the world fair in Ireland, However, the meaning of linen and lace, the two textile forms that I shall focus upon here, were not found in their [linen] decoration, but in their economic properties – that is, they were reviewed and discussed as industrial rather than aesthetic objects. 1 It is obvious that world fairs made the transition from one artistic or social idea to another smoother and more swift. Broadening the horizons of people’s frames of mind, World Fairs made it possible to evaluate the progress of the mankind and introduce new ideas to the entire world. To be more metaphoric, world fairs were the matter which brought the entire world together when there was no other means of communication available. Therefore, it was obvious that the new vision of art which industrialization triggered concerned the economical value of an object, not its aesthetics. This meant that the new epoch was heralded. The art took another shape, peculiar and rather weird. On a Journey to the Brave New World: First Ideas Because of the long-lasting tradition, the architectural principles, which reigned before intuitionalism, took certain shape, could be called rather classical, with the “natural emphasis” which was inherited from the Greek and Roman standards. Due to the reign of the classical style in architecture, innovations were rather rare occasions in XVIII century art. As Pohl explained, The Adam brothers rejected contrived and strict rules in favour of basic aesthetic principles which ‘naturali
The issues encountered by countries depending on tourism can be highly complicated due to the COVID-19 developments. According to the article “EU Unveils Vaccine Passport Plan to Enable Summer Travel,” published by the Washington Post, the European Union (EU) attempted to create a favorable solution for European travelers (Noack & Ariès, 2021). The individuals recently vaccinated against the virus or possessing negative test results will potentially qualify for obtaining a digital or paper pass, which will allow them to enter EU countries. This resolution is believed to be introduced as early as June 2021. The suggestion discussed appears to be highly valuable for multiple European countries that rely on the tourism sector. Implementation of valid passes for people immune to the virus will be highly beneficial for these states, presenting them with an opportunity to gain additional benefits (Noack & Ariès, 2021). However, several government leaders have shown their concerns about the negative consequences of this initiative. While many vaccine products are currently available, some of these solutions remain invalidated by the EU, meaning that travelers will be forced to adopt specific treatment techniques to obtain the permits. In addition, while some countries are furthering the acts to open the borders to tourists, other authorities are still reluctant to implement these strategies, hoping to acquire more reassurance regarding their effectiveness. Altogether, it is evident that there is still no consensus between the European Union countries on the subject of vaccination products and tourism permissions. The article highlights both positive and negative features of the tourist passes initiative, offering an objective insight into this topic. While there are many benefits to the permit’s approval, various disadvantages are still present. The EU government is still to find a unanimous solution that will be satisfactory for both the countries involved and their citizens. Work Cited Noack, R., & Ariès, Q. (2021). EU unveils a vaccine passport plan to enable summer travel . The Washington Post. Web.
Introduction There are numerous applications for it, such as medicine and analytical chemistry. NMR is defined by the presence of both a strong and stationary magnetic field as well as an oscillating magnetic field (Brunner & Rauche, 2020). It produces an electromagnetic signal in response to two magnetic fields interfering with each other. There are numerous applications for it, such as medicine and analytical chemistry. In analytical chemistry, the selective absorption principle has been used to separate elements, which gives rise to this phenomenon. Principles Of Solid-state NMR (ssNMR) In contrast to diffraction-based crystallography, dipole coupling makes distance information available for ssNMR investigations without the necessity for long-range order. CSA, the electric quadrupole interaction for nuclei with spin quantum numbers I > 12, and electron–nucleus interactions are other significant interactions (Brunner & Rauche, 2020). The chemical shift anisotropy in materials is reflected in the CSA, which is spatially anisotropic. In deuterated solids, the NMR line shape is dominated by the electric quadrupole interaction, which is dependent on the electric field gradient tensor at the nucleus detection site. NMR Application Fields NMR is a chemical analysis tool used in quality control. This approach can tell you the molecular structure and content of a sample. NMR can be used to calculate the concentration of known chemicals in a mixture. One-dimensional chemical structure investigations frequently use MR spectroscopy by chemists. Spectroscopy using MR technology. It is only possible to discover the two-dimensional structures of more complicated compounds utilizing two-dimensional methods (Brunner & Rauche, 2020). These novel approaches for determining protein structure are taking the place of X-ray crystallography. SsNMR has successfully been applied in the analysis of MOFs. Giving satisfactory outcomes. With the advancement of solid-state physics concepts and studies, NMR spectroscopy is expected to find more applications in analytical and organic chemistries. Application of NMR in MOF ANALYSIS MOFs are increasingly being studied using solid-state NMR spectroscopy to discover NMR-active nuclei in their framework. SBUs with NMR-active nuclei have the ability to detect metal ions. High natural abundances and fairly high magnetic moments can be found in elements such as 27Al or 51V (Brunner & Rauche, 2020). Various metal ions found in MOFs have NMR-active isotopes that are rare and have low magnetic moments. It is possible to boost the NMR signal and hence identify these spectra by using pulse sequences like CPMG (Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill) (Brunner & Rauche, 2020). In addition, very broad lines are frequently seen in quadrupola
As the rate of separation ascends and as increasing amounts of marriages collapse, cohabitation has grown to be the admired substitute to several people in North America. Professionals calculate that around 2.2 million people are presently sharing bed and board in a live-in agreement; this is roughly 1% of the entire population. (Qu, 2003, p 36) Cohabitation, more properly acknowledged as nonmarital cohabitation, is an appealing lifestyle. In reality, above one-fourth of all unattached couples cohabitation near the beginning of 1990s were between 25 and 35 years old, and an extra 19 percent were 45 and above. (Qu, 2003, p-37) Even though cohabitation is not a recent discovery, the bond has yet to be legitimized with an acceptable identification. Presented expressions for instance ‘shacking up’ or ‘living in peccadillo’ are just some of the unsophisticated names being marked to people cohabitation. Cohabitation can be a helpful replacement for marriage, a solution for marital dilemmas, plus a solution to the issue of everyday divorce. A popular foundation for cohabitation is that it is the best means to have a ‘try out.’ This experimental marriage is an outcome of the escalating divorce rate. Scores of couples are scared of marriage and decide to share a house with the objective to pursue marriage if the transitory pact is flourishing. The couples expect to lessen their chances of a potential ruinous marriage; any conflicting manners toward social actions, monetary arrangements, or domestic errands will be discovered and optimistically resolved while the couple lives in concert. If an unsolvable clash takes place, the couple can terminate their wedding preparations and break out the aching exercise of split-up. Cohabitation eventually