ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The focus of this chapter is to interpret the empirical findings of the survey. The objective of the empirical study was to investigate the safety issues at the workplace on the defined target group. The target group consisted of 100 participants 60 employees and 40 managers. However, only 20 employees and 20 managers were able to return their questionnaires for interpretation and analysis. The empirical data will be interpreted through trend analysis and logical reasoning (Kumar 111). The trend analysis provides the best way through which cause effect relationship could be understood (Nishit 35). When asked about the consequences of work safety related issues such as death, illness and injuries, Out of 20 employees who responded, 10 accepted that they have fallen ill because of work environment in the past year while ten have not fallen ill. Thirteen employees have sustained injuries while seven have not. In addition only one employee has died. Notably, injuries are the most frequent result from the unsafely measures in the work place. When the data was compared to the year 2008, fifteen out of twenty employees reported work related illness while eleven out of twenty employees reported work related injuries and there were three reported deaths. From the data, there was no significant reduction in the consequences of unsafe working conditions from 2008. Moreover, when managers were asked whether they have implemented any new safety rules in the last three years, out of twenty respondents, only one manager have implemented new safety rules. Further, when the employees were asked whether they have received any training on the safety measures, only one respondent was trained thoroughly on safety measures at work place while seventeen were orientated on their arrival and two respondents have no training completely. The insignificant decreasing trend could be explained by the deplorable implementation of the safety measures by the managers and the employees becoming more knowledgeable about the need to keep safety measures at the work place. Lack of innovative safety measures have resulted in increased workers poor health conditions in 2008. When workers were asked about the measures that have been taken by the management to ensure their safety, 18 employees agree that fire extinguishers and protective gears are supplied in their workplaces while only two did not agree. In addition, ten employees agree that safety exits are in good condition while ten accepted that their safety exits are in poor conditions. The indication is that mining organizations are concerned about the safety of workers. However, there is still need for improvement when it comes to the need of safe working environment. Further, when works were asked on what need to be done to improve safety at the work place, eleven suggested the implementation and observation of safety rules by the management as well as employees. Five suggested that modern safety equipment be supplied while four suggested that employees be trained on the safety rules and m
Learning is a natural and dynamic process. The experiences of children with examples reinforce learning patterns. Before a concept is made clear, the student goes through the experience and synthesizes it with its understanding level. The ultimate aim of learning is to develop independent learning, critical and creative thinking to be able to arrive at the best solution to a problem. Far more important is the retention of learning for one doesn’t learn to forget! In order that the child sustains the knowledge he has received, he should be allowed to conduct his own experiments to arrive at the right solution. To facilitate learners Dr.Harvey Silver suggests a Concept Attainment strategy (78-79) in which students have presented examples and non-examples required to make decisions of variously categorized attributes. Concept attainment “is an indirect instructional strategy that compels students to identify the distinguishing characteristic of a given item or concept. Because students are discovering information for themselves, this constructivist activity will enhance your student’s learning”. To introduce the concept of the addition of two numbers to ten I would choose five examples each written on cards under YES examples and NO examples. YES examples NO examples 5 + 5 8 + 3 6 +4 5 + 6 2 + 8 4 + 7 9 + 1 2 + 9 3 + 7 1 + 8 I would then offer definitions of addition and subtractions and provide examples. I would give them hints on conducting the addition operation. I would explain to them the critical attributes of the numbers and enable them to apply them to the concept. I would also provide initial guidelines regarding the concept. If I encounter learning difficulties in students in understanding the basic concept I would provide more concrete examples. Learning could become fun if it is a joint activity. I would divide the students into equal groups so that each student gets the opportunity to have the first-hand experience in analyzing the concept for him. Once the concept is understood properly each student would take part in a synthesis activity in which the elements of conceptual examples are driven home. The heterogeneous batch of students could encounter further complications. In order that the concept remains with them throughout I would ask each group to prepare their own cards having one example of each of the two sets. A student from each group would present the card to the students and explain the concept. The weak students would be benefited from this method. The ultimate aim of learning is to sustain the matter that is learned. Effective teaching strategies would enhance learning in students. Learning should not be tedious and boring. Hence, the teacher has to develop her own teaching styles to suit the needs of the students. It would also be effective to remove the fear of numerical ability. This method can enable the understanding of concepts in language, science, and mathematics. The practi
Introduction Academic libraries are facing several external and internal pressures in their environments. For instance, the popularity of the internet is causing potential library users to shift away from libraries as their primary source of knowledge. Additionally, academic institutions are struggling with budgetary allocations because they are competing with other public services such as hospitals. University and college administrators have to critique the use of their resources in libraries and some may have to reduce allocations if minimal efficiency exists. Furthermore, the development of online libraries has created a renewed challenge in information services because new legal and copyright rules must be instated in order to protect authors. These and many more factors have/will force academic libraries to reconfigure their customer service or service quality provisions so as to survive in such challenging environments. Evaluation of quality of services provided by academic libraries based on theories and models Services marketing and 7 Ps Services are quite distinct from fast moving goods because they possess certain qualities that cannot be found elsewhere. Services typically encompass economic activities transferred from one party to another. Usually, these are time bound and may not encompass exchange of physical assets; in other words transfer of ownership will not occur. Customers in the services sector often exchange money and time for value derived from systems, networks, facilities, labour, skills or even goods owned by the service provider. In the case of academic libraries, customers exchange money (through annual fees) for facilities, systems and labour in those institutions. These qualities make the marketing of services quite unique; that aspect can be analysed through the 7Ps i.e. Product, promotion, price, place, people, process, physical environment (Lovelock and Wirtzm, 2011). In service offering, product refers to a service concept that has the capacity to give value to customers. This will be a combination of a core need and a supplementary need. Academic libraries offer information through books and this is their core value; other supplementary needs include rental book services and cataloguing services which are designed to add value to the core product. The second ‘P’ is promotion. Service marketing promotion often employs educating customers about the service, how to use it and how to drive maximum benefits from it. Academic libraries often do promot
Introduction World history has always been followed by people’s continuous fight for human rights, equal opportunities, respect, and dignity. The major challenge, however, lied in the limited opportunity to secure these rights for each individual in terms of various socioeconomic factors that contribute to the national development. The following paper suggests that the Atlantic Revolutions period, when regarded through the prism of socialist thinking, could reflect the idea of equal opportunities achieved with the help of depriving people of excessive authority over others. Moreover, the notion of riots and wars for the sake of peace correlates with one of the many tools socialist leaders applied while trying to bring the doctrine to life. Main body For the purpose of finding the optimal solution, many sociologists tried to define social theories that would serve as a basis for further propositions of the overall historical development. Thus, some of the basic sociological theories aimed at dealing with inequalities among individuals include:   * Structural functionalism – defining functions of each part of society in order to calculate the overall contribution to its development;   * Conflict theory – defining the ways of individual inequalities influence the overall discrepancy in social power;   * Symbolic interactionalism – analyzing interpersonal peculiarities of communication (Ritzer and Stepnisky 2017). Having reached no consensus in terms of universal equality, world leaders decided to do what they felt was the best option in a specific setting. However, while some national figures did what was best for their personal benefit and satisfaction, others tried to do everything for the sake of the common good. One of the major crises in terms of this dissonance traces back to the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century – the era of continuous revolutions and fighting for fundamental human rights and freedoms (Forrest, Hagermann, and Rowe 2016). Thus, the middle of the 19th century was marked by the final events in the Atlantic Revolutions that were primarily caused by the worldwide riots for human rights, liberalism, and major shifts in rather authoritarian governing patterns. While all of these theories make sense in certain sociological settings, there is no particular solution to all the issues facing society today that would equally influence all the social groups. However, based on the aforementioned approaches, scholars have been trying to develop doctrines that might benefit the absolute majority of people
Within the contemporary, hyper-connected and interlinked business landscape, organizations – large and small – are continually under attack. A computer crime and security survey conducted in 2005 through the joint efforts of the Computer Security Institute (CSI) and the San Francisco Office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) demonstrated that six in every ten organizations were victims of unauthorized computer use during the past 12 months (Johnston & Hale, 2009). These unauthorized uses, according to the authors, included “…malicious acts such as theft or destruction of intellectual property, insider abuse and unauthorized access to information that resulted in loss of data integrity and confidentiality, as well as malware threats such as viruses, spyware, worms, and Trojans” (p. 126). It is against this background that the present paper aims to put into perspective some critical issues regarding information security, particularly in healthcare organizations. In layman’s language, information security can be defined as the protection of data against unauthorized or illegal access through the employment of authentication protocols such as passwords, fingerprints, and digital certificates, as well as employing encrypting processes for highly sensitive data (Bodin, Gordon & Loeb, 2008). A computer system that asks users to input personal identification numbers (PIN) demonstrates a good example of how information security functions. In more complex terms, however, the concept of information security is often viewed under the lens of protecting data and complex information systems from unauthorized or illegal access, use, revelation, interruption, modification, examination, inspection, recording or obliteration of information, whether in print, electronic or any other format, and against the denial of access to authorized users (Khansa & Liginlal, 2009). In practice, therefore, information security entails taking proactive measures and strategies aimed at detecting, documenting, and countering any form of unauthorized use, access or modification of information systems (Bodin et al, 2008). A good example here is the heavy investments organizations make to install antivirus software, firewalls and other internet security tools to ensure that cyber criminals do not have access to their networks, and to incapacitate any attempts made by these criminals to modify the information systems and databases through malware threats. Today, more than ever before, the daily functioning of contemporary healthcare organizations is becoming more intricately tied to the investments made in terms of adopting information technology, as well as the integrity and accountability of the information systems by virtue of the fact that “…patient care, research,
Abstract Wireless sensor networks are limited in resources to accommodate traditional complex security solutions. The limitations and lack of a secure framework for the WSN makes the networks nodes vulnerable to attacks from a hostile network. Attacks such as to DoS attacks, eavesdropping, message tempering, sinkhole, wormhole, and Sybil attacks exploit the security holes in the network compromising the integrity of the network. The proposed project is to design a completely secure wireless sensor network by integrating appropriate security solutions to each node in the network using triple key management techniques security solutions. Among the techniques include integrating a random key pre-distribution technique which functions on a probabilistic model to create a secure connection between nodes. The limitation with this technique can be overcome by is to integrating multiple security solutions to overcome the disadvantage of limited key storage space. Additional techniques integrated into the security solution include the master key based scheme which functions on a symmetric key, and a hierarchical key based scheme, which enables each of the nodes in the network to generate cryptographic keys for key authentication purposes. A complete security solution is based on a triple key management technique for a complete and secure network communication. Introduction Nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN) have high threat and risk exposures from external sources because the nodes are resource staffed, and cannot accommodate the use of secure traditional network security solutions (Undercoffer, Ayancha, Joshi, Pinkston 2004, p. 260). Limited resources include memory constrains, limited computational capabilities, low energy storage capabilities, low data bandwidth, and limited transmission ranges (Hancke & Leuschner 2007, p.45). That makes WSNs vulnerable to DoS attacks, eavesdropping, message tempering, sinkhole, wormhole, and Sybil attacks leading to loss of privacy and security. The traditional data encryption techniques and complex algorithms cannot be applied, compelling the use of a multi-level protocol security framework desirable (Poornima & Amberker 2009, p. 5-17; Sharma, Ghosh & Ghose 2010, p.50; Perrig, Szewczyk, Wen, Culler & Tygar 2011, p.96). To achieve complete security solutions to enforce network privacy, this paper proposes an integrated security solution at each node in the wireless sensor network by focusing on the network and link layers (Ibriq & Mahgoub 2007, p.211; Biradar & Patil, 2011, p.15). Problem Statement A complete security solution can be designed into Wireless sensor networks (WSN) which are vulnerable to attacks because
The self-help movement refers to the self-direction endeavor towards improvement in all important aspects of one’s life like the emotional, political or social. The self-help movement emerged in the United States as a way of trying to find solutions to health and other related problems from friends. The 1980s so the proliferation of self helps movements in the United States. Among the contributing factors to the widespread of these movements was the reduced level of confidence in Psychotherapy as a measure to help people with personal problems. Psychotherapy had failed to adequately address the problems of people with personal needs which included the desire to share out their problems with people who are experiencing similar situations in life. These people needed important information from their colleagues with whom they share similar circumstances to help them cope with mental problems. (Steve,2005) Gender problems have also contributed to the lack of confidence in the psychotherapy offered by the various caregivers. There has been growing concern over the attraction of the caregiver /counselor towards the clients. According to the experienced counselors managing attraction towards the clients is a major challenge in their work. However, it is vital to note that the other way round, the attraction of the client towards the counselor has been adequately managed by the counselors because of the training they receive. The number of self-help groups had tremendously increased to over half a million in the United States with more than seven million people being involved in their activities. Self-help groups exist for a variety of personal problems ranging from alcoholism, overreaction gambling, and other disorders. The philosophical concept behind the formation of self-help groups is that people with similar problems can unite and share important information that can assist them in containing and living a positive life. The existence of online support groups has also been evidenced with men and women obtaining assistance to their problems through cyberspace. ( Timko,2002).Online self-help groups differ from face-to-face groups in a number of respects. The online groups have
Milk prices are soaring. Millions of consumers all over the world buy milk products on a daily basis and are not willing to give them up. Climate change, competition among biofuel producers, trade policies and other factors drive global milk prices and turn milk into one of the most expensive food products (Arnold, 2007). “Cows are fed with corn and as more corn is diverted to energy production, feed costs and dairy farmers in turn pass those costs up the food chain” (Doherty, 2007). Simultaneously, international milk producers fail to cope with the growing demand for milk. The demand for milk products is at all-time high (Arnold, 2007). The roaring global economy and rising incomes in India, China, and Latin America make the task of producing enough milk extremely challenging and virtually unachievable (Arnold, 2007). Milk products are similar to gasoline: consumers cannot give them up even when the price grows unbearable (Doherty, 2007). Financial experts predict that, as the price of milk increases, the demand for milk products is likely to remain unchanged (Doherty, 2007). Apparently, the elasticity of demand for milk and milk products is extremely low. Put simply, the global demand for milk and milk products is not responsive to changes in milk prices. It should be noted, that elasticity is the central measure of market responsiveness in microeconomics (Baumol & Blinder, 2008). The main determinants of demand elasticity include the nature of the good, availability of substitutes, household budgets, and passage of time (Rittenberg & Tregarthen, 2011). The nature of the good is directly related to demand elasticity: necessities like food products tend to have inelastic demand curves (Baumol & Blinder, 2008). This is particularly the case of milk, since many consumers perceive milk as the fundamental ingredient of their diets and large food manufacturers use milk in their products. Mi
Introduction Visitors of Los Angeles may be captivated by numerous things for a short period of time: Hollywood with its Walk of Fame, Walt Disney Concert Hall, and Los Angeles City Hall. These sights tell much about American culture, interests of LA citizens, and America’s richness. However, there is one more significant landmark of Los Angeles that constantly attracts the attention of both LA visitors and its native citizens, and this landmark is Los Angeles Chinatown. “If one will visit the stores, and other places of business of the Chinese of Los Angeles, he will gain a clearer idea of the industry and ingenuity of these people that the most learned books and treatises on the Chinese, both at home and abroad, could give” (Far, Ling, and Parks 208). Chinatown in Los Angeles was founded at the end of the 1800s and underwent considerable changes since then: the division into Old and New Chinatown represent a kind of eras of this place development, the worth of money has become too much important and replaced such issues like culture and national spirit of Chinese people, and finally, the idea to meet true Chinese in Los Angeles Chinatown seems to be unreal or even impossible. And now, Chinatown with its all changes can be found on 977 N. Broadway Los A
Predicting the demand for products in different life cycles helps to avoid wastage associated with excessive costs. Currently, StarTech’s demand forecasting process does not differ throughout its lifecycle. I will argue that further guidance can help the company maintain sales growth without increasing investment in inventory. First of all, demand forecasting should vary for the products in the different life cycles. It is known that demand increases less sharply at the maturity stage compared to demand at the growth stage. Such analysis allows more precisely to predict the required supply and reduce the costs associated with surplus goods’ manufacturing and storage. The second recommendation touches upon anchor product relationships. It is suggested that besides taking into account the stages of the life cycle, the demand forecast should also consider that growing demand for one product might influence sales for supplementary. Let me provide an example: the growing demand for portable batteries might lead to a higher need for specific cables. Simultaneously, the appearance of wireless batteries that charge devices via Bluetooth connection would lead to lower demand for traditional portable batteries and wires. Consequently, demand forecasting needs to be restructured to account for changes in demand for other products that require cables to use. As we wrap up, for supply chain improvement, the Internet of Things and Machine Learning usage are highly recommended to StarTech. The technological solution allows for processing vast amounts of data and providing more accurate predictions. In this essay, I wanted to introduce the recommendations that will help the company keep its sales growth. The advice to implement different demand forecasting processes for products in different life cycles, thus, seems to be an effective strategy that would reduce high transportation costs and investments in inventory.