ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Fraud in the financial sector has been evidenced for a long time. Many companies have either suffered bankruptcy, or some have spent a lot of resources trying to fix a fraud case. Such is the case of Madoff Investment because in 2008, it was reported that, the company was running the largest investor fraud scheme (Ponzi scheme) orchestrated by an individual (Shedlock 1). Madoff investment securities was a wall street firm run by a successful businessman, Bernard Madoff, who also doubled as NASDAQ chairman, until his conviction in the Madoff fraud case. After the arrest of Bernard Madoff, it was uncovered that the fraud was worth more than $64.8 billion and Madoff investments had accrued liabilities of over $50 billion (Shedlock 1). Due to the magnitude of this fraud, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 counts of felony, and this assertion subsequently led to his sentencing in a federal court. Until his arrest, Bernard Madoff ran a very successful company which he started, merely by investing $5,000 in Madoff investments, to be among the greatest players in the New York stock exchange (Shedlock 1). However, this flamboyant side of his business life never came close to the scandalous business dealings he did behind the scenes. The Madoff investment scheme led to the loss of billions of dollars in investment money, through illegal wire transfers, securities fraud, mail fraud, money laundering, perjury (and the likes), but surprisingly, half of the investors did not lose any money in the scheme (Brown 2). As a result of the fraud, several ripple effects have been evidenced in other companies, foundations and institutions which had business relationships with Madoff investment. Some organizations such as Robert I. Lappin Charitable Foundation, the Picower Foundation, and the JEHT Foundation have temporarily closed business because of the freezing of Madoff’s personal and business assets, because they depended on the investment firm to finance their operations (Brown 2). Among the third parties faulted for letting Madoff’s fraudulent dealings thrive is the US Securities and Exchange Commission; meaning that, there were mechanisms and institutions in place to check such kinds of illegal financial activities (Jerusalem Post 1). However, in some way, such institutions failed to check the activities of Madoff investment firm; thereby allowing the thriving of fraudulent business transactions in the stock exchange. This goes against the mandate of such regulatory institutions because they are supposed to check the activities of financial companies, with the aim of protecting the interests of investors. Aim/Purpose From the Madoff financial scandal, this study seeks to establish appropriate mechanisms which can be established to minimize, if not completely eliminate, financial fraud in the stock market sector. Conceptual Analysis Madoff’s investment strategy was a blend of several investment strategies meant to
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Solar photovoltaic (PV) uses solar cells to capture energy from sunlight and converts it to electricity by photovoltaic effect through assembling solar cells. Transmitted through solar modules and solar panels, sunlight is easily converted to solar power that can be supplied to off-grid areas as alternative to power solutions in remote and dispersed communities. Solar photovoltaic (PV) project is a predominant technology that consists of 10-100 Wp of solar PV panel that attracts solar radiations through daylight and stores the energy in the automobile battery, which is then transmitted through cabling and low-wattage Dc lamps (Energy and Mining Sector Board, 2007). Practical application of photovoltaic cells producing electricity from sunlight is applied by connecting a series of modules, interconnected in parallels or series creating an array of an additive voltage. Photons in sunlight hit solar panels and absorbed by silicon (semiconducting materials) (Shive, 1959). Electrons being charged are knocked loose from their atoms, allowing them to flow through the silicon in a single direction to produce electricity (silicon) (Lorenzo et al. , 1994, p.78; Smee, 1849). Arrays of solar cells are convert the solar energy into usable amount of direct current (DC) electricity which could be applied to development activities such as water pumping, small cottage industry, poultry rearing, fish farming among others (Lorenzo et al , 1994, p.78; Anderson 2001). Introduction Science and technology have defined desired service outcomes for end-users. Use of solar photovoltaic technology has amplified and transformed the rural poor population who can not afford electricity (Wolf, 1976). It requires active participation of community members, who are the end-users beneficiaries and the government, should actively participate to foresee the project completion. This essay demonstrates how technology sector, for this instance, Solar photovoltaic (PV), a solar energy that is currently processed by World Bank in Bangladesh has incredibly transformed the living standards of the rural poor population. Data obtained for this analysis is culmination research efforts gathered between World Bank projects and extensive assessment performed by a group of industry practitioners in Bangladesh in pursue of project management and Information technology programs. Developing countries have over the years been striving to provide energy solutions to the poor marginalized areas. Despite many projects that have been implemented for years, more than 1.5 billion people in developing countries, mostly in the Sub- Saharan African region and South Asia remain without access to electricity services today. In this regard, World Bank continue
The study was carried out to investigate the level of shame and guilt that is usually faced by mothers who experience various disorders. From the research study research question, it is vivid that shame and guilt are often inevitable among mothers suffering from eating disorders. At this point, it is profound to note that Rørtveit, Åström, and Severinsson (2010) have documented their research question in the sense that every reader of the article can obtain the full glimpse of the study from the abstract and introductory sections. In addition, the language used to present the arguments throughout the research study is straightforward and hence easy to understand. Mothers who face eating disorders may often find it difficult to speak it out openly due to the social and family shame associated with such disorders. On the same note, they may feel guilty because their eating behaviors are undesirable and reveal a lot of irresponsibilities. Due to these complications, the authors of this research study made sure that adequate ethical and methodological considerations were put in place before and during the process of conducting the research. It is vital to mention that ethical issues and methodology used in any form of social study are of great importance. For instance, permission was sought from the Research and Human Resources Department of the hospital, the regional ethics committee, and the Norwegian social science committee before the study could be conducted. It is usually necessary to seek approval from accredited and concerned bodies. This is one of the strengths of this research study. In addition, the research study ensured that all the information gathered from the participants was used confidentially and not shared with third parties. Voluntary participation was encouraged and the respondents could freely withdraw at will without facing any work-related consequences since some of them were employees of the Norwegian hospital. Other positive attributes of the research study included audio-tape interviews with consent from the participating mothers and informed consent. In terms of inclusion criteria and data collection, the researchers made sure that various psychiatric units participated in the study. For instance, mothers suffering from various eating disorders were invited to take part in the study as long as they were willing and qualified. This is a vital area of concern in empirical research studies of this nature. The inclusion criteria should always be as comprehensive as possible. The therapists used in this study were drawn from the western coast of Norway. The inclusion criteria used included lack of major disability, free from drug addiction, suffering from eating disorders, and also being a mother. Such criteria were adequate in highlighting the various concerns of the study. The research study came up with solid findings that were made possible by comprehensive inclusion criteria. It is equally vital to note that the method used to collect data ensured that all the major components of the study were put into consideration. For example, participants had to express their interests to take part in the researc
Different societies have their way of communicating verbally. The four distances in communication mainly apply to people who understand the modern communication methods. Proximity is different when it comes to culture. Tom is my brother. When we talk, we move closer to each other. During the test, I kept a distance of about 10 feet. He tried to get closer to me so that he could be comfortable during our discussion. I moved further away. He stopped concentrating on the story I was telling him and asked what was going on with me. He then said that he was leaving to give me space to think. Before he left, I informed him that it was a test I was carrying out and he was outraged that I did not tell him in advance. Rose is my teacher. During the trial, I moved closer to her at less than an elbow’s length to ask for my exercise book. She moved back, and I followed her. She moved again, and I stepped closer to her. She was uncomfortable and asked if I was okay. I did not explain until I was about to leave. She understood but told me that I should have informed her first. Charles is a neighbor, but we do not talk much. I met him at the entrance to his home and greeted him. He was surprised and kept distance. I moved closer and continued asking him some questions. He was so uncomfortable that he excused himself and left. I could not even explain the purpose of the conversation.
It is not difficult to find examples of the extinction of languages in the wake of the introduction of English. On every continent, there is some region where colonial English has apparently supplanted or wiped out the indigenous linguistic forms. Furthermore, there is ample evidence that languages are going extinct today at a rapid and alarming rate, coincident with the spread of English as a language of commerce. However, it is too narrow a view to blame the language itself for this phenomenon. Rather, it has been, and continues to be, the attitude and the means with which English has been introduced and used that has had a pernicious effect. Our ideal should be, this paper will assert, a bi- or multi-lingual globe, benefitting from the diversity of world-views embedded in different languages. Only a change in attitude, and resulting practice, will achieve that goal, and avoid further loss of linguistic richness and variety. It is well documented, and widely accepted, that languages are going extinct with precipitous speed. Some estimates suggest that one language is being lost irretrievably every several weeks (Moffet). Some of the most active areas of extinction include the American West, where a variety of indigenous peoples from all over what is now the ‘lower 50’ states of the USA were forced to re-settle in the 1800’s (Weiss). However, there are indeed linguistic extinctions occurring all over the world. The National Geographic Institute and the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages have together identified areas of highest language extinction. These are located in Northern Australia, Central South America, the Northwest USA Pacific Plateau, Eastern Siberia, and the above noted Southwestern portion of the USA, especially the state of Oklahoma (Moffet). What ties most of these together is the imposition/introduction of a different language. This has usually happened within the last millennium, perpetrated by a group of people wielding greater power. Such power is usually based on weapons and technology. However, the language imposed on these areas was not uniformly English. Note that in Central Siberia, the language imposed is likely to have been Russian in most cases (Lydersen). In Central and South America, the obvious imposed language is either Spanish or Portuguese. In each of these cases, indigenous peoples were subjugated and often deliberately deracinated and demoralized as part of a take-over for political and economic gain. The guilt of English speaking people in such linguistic extinction is just as severe, and the spread of damage is wider. However, it is not unique, as these above examples demonstrate. What is responsible is not a particular language, but a set of attitudes and intentions, all of which can be held by persons of any language background. English ‘imperialism’ can be cited in the British Isles themselves. The suppression of Gaelic over the last several centuries has been one element in a conscious suppression of all distinc
Zine el Abidine Ben Ali was the former president of Tunisia. He had been a president since the year 1987 and served continuously as the president for 23 years. During his reign, the country experienced difficulties which were brought about by his poor governance. There was so much corruption that the citizens could not bear it any more. Many people were jobless, food was expensive and corruption was continuously on the rise. Demonstrations were triggered by an incident where a fruit vendor who was a jobless graduate committed suicide because his cart had been taken away by the police. They had denied him a chance to make a living through the business of selling fruits using the cart and were looking for a way to exploit him. Many Tunisians were leading frustrated lives. The demonstrations which followed this incident cost about 300 hundred lives while about 700 people were wounded. Ben Ali who was the president tried to defend himself by saying that he had given out his best and his governance was directed to serve the Tunisians. His objectives were to develop the country to modernity. The president was accused of harboring unlawful weapons, archeological artifacts and illicit drugs which were found in his country’s presidential palace. The president fled to Saudi Arabia in search of refuge together with his wife, Leila Trabelsi. Saudi Arabia in this context played a role which can be viewed to be against the wishes of the general Tunisians. The trial that charged him with 15 and a half years imprisonment was conducted in his absence. His wife was also charged with 20 years of imprisonment. They were together fined $65 million. People who were close associates of the president were charged and are facing various sentences. The Saudi Arabia government hosted Ben Ali because they thought that friends should be there for each other at all times. The Saudi Arabia welcome of Ben Ali and his family was a mockery to Tunisians. They had worked so hard to get corruption out of their country but justice was not fulfilled. Ben Ali’s escape to another country could suggest that he was indeed guilty and was afraid to face the charges. If he was not guilty, he would not be afraid to face the charges. Most of Saudi Arabia citizens did not support hosting of criminals. It was not their opinion but the president’s opinion. Saudi Arabia acceptance of Ben Ali is can be viewed in the light of the Saudi Arabia government being unfair and inconsiderate of the harm that Ben Ali had caused to Tunisians. Such kind of a stand on the part of the government of Saudi Arabia can has a huge potential of straining the relation between the governments of Tunisia and Saudi Arabia. As a matter of fact, there are other countries which are against the action carried out by the Saudi Arabia government. This action by the government of Saudi Arabia has violated democracy; it is most likely that the relationship would yield negative results. It is worth pointing out that the government of Saudi Arabia has show
Introduction: Significance of Colors in Movies Traditionally, action in a movie is what captures the audience’s attention. People need to relate to the characters and their emotions; as a result, it is what happens to the characters that takes most of people’s attention, whereas the elements that are used to create the atmosphere of the movie usually fade into the background. However, colors as one of the elements that help create a specific atmosphere in a movie and set the mood for the motion picture in question are not to be disregarded, either. In a range of cases colors provide not only the background for the main action to occur in, but also additional information that reinforces the original message, making it more appealing and convincing for the viewer. Red Sorghum and Raise the Red Lantern by Zhang Yimou are prime examples of the use of color as a way of helping the viewer explore the emotional struggle of the main characters, as well as the overall theme of the movie in a more accurate manner and, therefore, understand the implications behind the characters’ actions better. Although the red color in Red Sorghum and Raise the Red Lantern seems to be the representation of loyalty as it is viewed traditionally in the chine culture, the color also conveys a range of hidden inn
Such a notion as morality can be described as the set of behavioral norms or standards that are accepted by a person or a certain group of people. These principles can be derived from religious or philosophical traditions. In many cases, Buddhist morality intersects with everyday morality. In this case, much attention should be paid to a collection of restrictions or taboos that should govern the decisions or actions of a person. For instance, one can speak about the prohibition of killing human or animals. Additionally, one should speak about total inadmissibility of stealing, lying, or manipulating other people. These restrictions are imbedded in the famous eight precepts outlined by Buddha (Harvey 88). These norms can govern the ethical choices of a person daily. One should also mention that Buddhist ethics lays stress on the importance of modesty. For example, the representatives of this religion must not emphasize their wealth or high social status. This is why the design of Buddhist robes is usually rather simple. Apart from that, this morality implies that it is not permissible to boast of one’s achievements. Additionally, this ethical system stresses the importance of temperance or moderation. This is one of the reasons why there are some restrictions on the eating habits of an individual or consumption of alcoholic beverages. There are various norms that govern worship and rituals. One should mention that this religion can take many forms because there are many schools of Buddhism, Moreover, there are significant regional or national variations. These are some of the main elements included in the ethical system of this religion. Overall, Buddhist morality is not gendered; in other words, it does not set specific behavioral guidelines for men and women. One can say that this religion does not discriminate against a person on the basis of his/her gender. Nevertheless, one should keep in mind that Buddhist is widespread in those countries that are affected by gender inequality. This argument is relevant if one speaks about Sri Lanka in the late nineteenth century (Bartholomeusz 34). At that time, many Buddhist fundamentalists completely rejected the idea of the feminist movement (Bartholomeusz 34). They did not support the social empowerment of women who attempted to raise their social status. Still, at its core, Buddhism is rather egalitarian, because it implies that every individual is capable of achieving the enlightenment (Sharma 107). Nevertheless, patriarchic norms and principles emerged during the later periods in the history of this religion. Admittedly, one can argue that this morality can be discriminatory against women. For example, this doctrine implies that the sexual desire for a woman can prevent a man from attaining the state of liberation (Sharma 112). However, this example only indicates that Buddhism is aimed at minimizing the sexuality of a person, but it does not include a bias against a person based on his/her gender. This is one of the issues that should not be overlooked
Recruiting an educational leader who can become an effective principal in a new school is a challenging task. The educational leader who works in Wesgreen International School as the Head of the School can be discussed as a successful principal for Leaders of the Future School that is planned to be opened in 2018. The reason is that she shares the principles and values that are correlated with the mission and vision of the planned school. It is important to discuss the personal and professional characteristics of this leader, the aspects of the school project, and their connection with Leonard’s concepts in detail. Three characteristics of the discussed leader can be identified as important and demonstrating her suitability for the selected position of the principal in a new school. Firstly, she is focused on innovation in education as an approach to providing students with possibilities to develop all their skills and abilities, including intellectual, creative, and physical ones. Therefore, the Head of the School accentuates the importance of physical and extracurricular activities for children. Secondly, she is focused on flexibility as one of the most important characteristics of educators because they need to work with diverse students and adapt to situations depending on different types of environments. Thirdly, the Head of the School has developed cross-cultural skills and accentuates the importance of working in a multi-cultural society while addressing different cultures of students and connecting the past, present, and future in the culture of the UAE. The project associated with establishing Leaders of the Future School has two main aspects or features to discuss. The project is oriented to creating a school that will address the needs and interests of diverse students in Nad Al Sheba while providing them with opportunities to integrate into the society based on the ideas of innovation and globalization. Therefore, the first key aspect of the project is its focus on innovation to address the requirements of the future society. Leaders of the Future School will provide students with the skills and knowledge required for a modern society with the help of using adapted curricula, technologies, and resources. The second key feature of this school is its focus on the “whole child development” when the physical, intellectual, creative, and social skills of children develop simultaneously. In this context, the focus is also on teaching children in the context of a multi-cultural society with reference to the values of the Western and Arab cultures. The characteristics of the selected principal and key features of the school can be analyzed in the context of Leonard’s (2013) four concepts. The first important concept to consider is Leonard’s (2013) vision of innovation presented in Chapter 1 (pp. 3-4). The researcher