ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Approaching a class of diverse learners from the perspective of multiculturalism is critical for the further success of the target audience and their ability to build their learning skills. With the integration of the principles of cultural competence, an educator can facilitate the learning environment in which students will be inclined to learn more and build the knowledge base that will help them to become effective learners in the future. Moreover, the integration of the proposed framework into a lesson will provide the premise for students to develop lifelong learning skills, thus preparing them for communication in the multicultural setting (Guler 129). By incorporating the principles of multiculturalism into a lesson, an educator will set the foundation for students’ further continuous development. Objectives The goals of the lesson include developing awareness about phonics and the way in which different sounds are formed. The learners will be introduced to the letters c, a, t, and s. By the end of the lesson, each of the learners will be able to form short words with the help of these letters, as well as identify the letters in question and pronounce them. Questions of the Day What does a cat sound like in your language? Could you spell the word “cat”? What other words with “a,” “c,” and “t” do you know? Process The process of learning about new letters will involve inviting students to the discussion of animals and specifically cats. First, students will be encouraged to share their experiences with cats and show what sounds cats can produce. The specified activity is particularly important for showing students differences between various cultures since onomatopoeic word building differs vastly from one culture to another. Afterward, the students will be provided with cards that have letters c, a, t, and s on them. The learners will be introduced to each of the letters and their sounds individually, then to the word “cat,” and, finally, to its plural form. The learners will then be encouraged to find the specified letters in pictures provided by the teacher. Materials In the course of the lesson, traditional media, IT, and ICT tools will be utilized to enhance understanding. To help students to memorize the letters and perform the necessary activities, cards and other print media will be used. However, to ensure that students develop the correct pronunciation of the identified letters, IT and ICT tools, including appropriate applications, will have to be utilized in the classroom. Book To ensure that students have access to the required resources, it will be necessary to use a textbook. The use of Lopez’s book should be considered a necessary choice due to the vast range of theories and the focus on the multicultural aspect of learning. In addition, different blocks, or areas of learning, will have to be included to ensure continuity (see Table 1) (Lopez 148). Table 1. Learning Blocks. Dramatic  Focus on sharing emotional experiences
Different methods and techniques exist in the modern educational system, and these methods are used on the same level as the traditional education. Having visited the lesson of one group, which studied not by traditional method of education, but according to Montessori Method, the analysis of this method was provided and some conclusions made in reference whether the method seems effective, or not. Having come to the classroom, the group of children was observed, aged from two till five. It should be mentioned at once that this was unexpected as traditional education, which we have used to combines people of one age group in one class. The lessons were unusual as students were given an opportunity to do what they want, concerning the educational program. The teacher did not provide any lectures, did not taught them, it seemed that the teaches was the observer of the whole process and just in some cases directed children in the material, they have chosen themselves. Neither textbooks, nor other educational written material was used in the education. Furthermore, the group of students was busy with their own activities and there were not noticed two children busy with the same affairs. The lesson held for three hours, during which students could change their activity and become busy with the other one, according to their wishes. The notable situation was observed, when a boy of two, Tom, could not make a pyramid out of blocks. The teacher’s actions were directed not on helping the child to make that pyramid, but to help him to understand that the bigger blocks should be put in the lower part, and then smaller and smaller ones. Analyzing the lesson, it was significant to note that the lesson held according to Montessori Method, when children of different age groups are gathered together and they are free to be occupied by the activities they want, no any tense is put on them. The main distinctive features of the lesson were the length of it (three hours, when the traditional lesson for such age group usually holds for 25-30 minutes), the children of different age groups (from two till five) were gathered in one classroom and no structured lesson was seen. The teacher did not give any new material to children, did not instruct them and did not check their home tasks – children were just given the opportunity to choose the game or activity they want from existing in the room. Such method is rather educative and effective for the age group, introduced in the class. The main observation, which was noticed, that children were no
Introduction Social inequality refers to the difference in the quality of life experienced by different people in the same community, usually between the rich and poor. Continued experience with this inequality leads to the establishment of class structures or social stratification. America is a prime example of such a society. Indeed, it is not hard to see that there are people who have so much wealth and receive big incomes, whereas others have too little wealth and receive close-to-non-income. Is the U.S. truly the land of equality? Despite the example mentioned above, it would be erroneous to classify America as a truly unequal society. This is because it has been in the American tradition to reduce the gap between its rich and poor. Indeed, American society provides equal opportunities for members of different structures to increase their wealth so they can all be better off. This scenario makes America a true land of quality; which is achieved through the provision of an enabling environment. As a result, poor people in America have a higher chance of climbing the class ladder than their counterparts in other parts of the world (The Economist, 2006). The reason, the American society has been concentrating on increasing its economic productivity as a way of helping its poor escape poverty. Contrary other countries, including the rich ones in Europe, have concentrated on taking wealth from the rich through higher taxation as a way of helping their poor. Also, it is noticeable that American poor have been getting into better lives than their counterparts in other parts of the world; the rich have been getting richer. On the other hand, the rich in other parts of the world have seen their wealth rise slightly remain stagnant whereas the poor see their plights stay the same. This is despite the efforts made by respective governments to reduce the gap between the two groups. Inequality in America Today Recent reports indicate that national wealth going to the richest one percent increased from eight percent in 1980 to sixteen percent in 2004, whereas the percentage of national wealth going to the poor one percent increased by a slimmer margin (NPR, 2007). This has been taken by many people to mean that America’s wealthy have been taking the entire national income home, whereas the poorer are getting even more destitute. But this is an utter exaggeration because it can easily be established that America’s poor have been experiencing better lives at a higher rate than their
Definition In the past 20 years, hurricanes have had a more devastating impact on the insurance industry than in the entire history. This fact made the industry players more sensitive towards the catastrophes, especially when determining the insurance policies to offer. According to insurance definition, hurricanes form in the oceans, and both the winds and floods move towards the mainland causing great damages to properties in urban and rural areas. Hurricanes can affect any state regardless of the location. In the United States, however, several regions have been identified to be more prone to this natural catastrophe. Indeed, today, the main challenge is the flooding caused by coastal hazards, such as hurricanes that become more frequent and severe, creating unexpected threat to the coastal regions and the Midwestern states. In fact, in those areas, hurricanes have historically taken place once in every 20 years, but now, they are expected to occur every four or five years. The situation has become a major concern of insurers because more than a half of the American citizens live in the coastal regions, and about a half of the nation’s GDP is produced in the Gulf and Atlantic coastal regions. According to estimates given by Pasich, Fleishman and Paar, losses caused by flood along the Atlantic and Gulf coastlines will increase by 80 percent with a half meter rise in sea level by 2030 (1-3). About 210 hurricanes have occurred in the eastern US in the last 100 years, reflecting a mean frequency of 2.1 land-falling hurricanes annually. The relative dearth level because of hurricane occurrences and the complexities resulting from rapidly changing demographics are the major reasons that insurers have used simulation models to accurately forecast hurricane losses. The hurricane season starts in June and lasts until November or early December. In most cases, many insurance firms will not accept any new application after an allocated hurricane enters the Gulf of Mexico and, in particular, the area located in the borders of 20 degrees north latitude by 80 degrees west longitude. Insurance coverage Insurance for losses caused by hurricanes can be offered u
A Positioning Statement for Wisp A powerful positioning should “indicate the targeted customers and the value provided by the product” (Yemen and Wilcox 4). The best positioning statement for Colgate Wisp is presented below. Colgate Wisp seeks to improve the self-confidence of every youth aged between 18 and 25. This personal care product has appropriate ingredients in order to deliver the best results. Role Played by Research A powerful positioning strategy was developed in order to market Colgate Wisp. A complex research study was also undertaken during the process. The study played a significant role in developing the best positioning strategy. The research identified the behaviors of many young people between 18 and 25 years (Elkin 1). The study also identified the changing needs of targeted customers. This approach made it easier for Colgate and Big Fuel to design the best positioning strategy (Elkin 1). Alternative Products The success of Colgate Wisp can be affected by different alternative products in the market (Sweo and Pate 28). The first alternative product in the market is Dr. Collins’s disposable toothbrush. It is a superior brand that can support the needs of many consumers. The second alternative product is called Dr. Fresh. The toothbrush targets both adults and youths. It also has “an ergonomically-designed head” (Palade 236). However, these substitute products do not target the same segment. Four Departments Colgate Wisp’s brand manager should collaborate with different departments in order to bring the product to the targeted market. The Product Development Department will inform the brand manager about the benefits of Colgate Wisp. The second one is the Financial Department. The Marketing Department will also play a vital role in supporting the product’s success (Kotler and Keller 19). The Human Resource Department will also empower different workers. Product Category The proposed new product is a sustainable solar panel. The category includes different products aimed at providing long-lasting and sustainable energy sources to the targeted population (Sweo and Pate 139). Such products have become relevant because more people want to live in sustainable environments. Supporting a Cause The solar panel will be a superior product aimed at providing green energy. The company will market t
The term “invention of tradition” Within the discursive context of Sakr’s (2008) article, the term ‘invention of tradition’ is best discussed as Arabic oil-states’ tendency to invest in exploring the cultural roots of its populations by the mean of encouraging architects to combine the elements of Arabic traditional architectural style with the elements of an architectural style that is now being commonly referred to as globally-urban. According to the author, such tendency cannot be referred to as being solely instigated by considerations of Arabian cultural identity’s preservation but also by essentially economic considerations of providing Gulf countries’ tourism-related industries with an additional boost: “To recover its (Arabian) identity, attempts have been made in recent years to create the so-called ‘Arabian style’, that would offer tourists the sense of place that they were dreaming of”. (152). Given the fact that, for duration of forty years, since the discovery of immense oil deposits in Arabian Peninsula, Arabic oil-countries have been undergoing a rapid transformation from being essentially feudal states of the Third World into post-industrial states that feature some of world’s highest standards of living, it was only natural for the citizens to grow increasingly forgetful as to what defines their cultural identity. In its turn, this had brought about a situation when, as of today, it is namely the sheer strength of these citizens’ consumerist urges that characterize the qualitative essence of their existential mode. As it was rightly pointed out by Wilson (1982): “Individuals will naturally prefer to obtain goods now than at some future date” (107). Given the fact that foreigners account for often as much as 80% of oil-states’ populations (as it is the case with UAE), there are good reasons to believe that Gulf countries’ rapid socio-economic progress may result in depriving them of an objective justification to exist as culturally unique geopolitical entities, which in its turn, would cast doubt onto objectiveness of these countries’ nationhood. This is exactly the reason why, throughout the course of two recent decades, the policies aimed at ‘reinvention of traditions’, have played rather important role in shaping up Gulf countries’ cultural landscape. Intentions of heritage related activities in the UAE The foremost intention of heritage-related activities in UAE is being concerned with both: fostering the sense of national identity in country’s native-born citizens and providing potential tourists with an additional incentive to consider visiting UAE as culturally rich Arabic state. Because the process of Globalization undermines the inner integrity of traditiona
Africa is a continent that consists of more than fifty countries, which were almost all dependent on others until decolonization. This event occurred from 1950 to 1975 and caused developments in Africa and the entire world. Eventually, European empires lost control over their colonies, and this shift is acknowledged as a progressive one. This personal statement will examine changes that resulted in African countries’ independence and provide my opinion regarding regions decolonized in another way. The Way by Which African Countries Became Independent The variety of internal and external reasons caused independence from European colonization powers for Africa. In February 1941, Franklin Roosevelt, the United States president, suggested a number of provisions, one of which was the autonomy of imperial colonies after the Second World War (Jeppesen & Smith, 2017). This statement was a part of the Atlantic Charter and the reason for African colonies to request their independence from European countries. Decolonization’s internal cause is a sociopolitical situation that occurred before and during the Second World War. Despite European empires’ efforts to suppress the African community’s self-determination, some individuals spread the ideas of independence gaining (Jeppesen & Smith, 2017). In addition, colonizers were distracted by the war’s events and unable to keep strict control over their territories because of the lack of resources (Jeppesen & Smith, 2017). The mentioned evidence shows that the European countries’ influence weakened, and African nationalists negotiated decolonization on the Atlantic Charter basis. My Personal Opinion About Independency of the African Countries Despite the minor resistance most colonies met on their way to independence, I believe that some countries overcame the challenges of military conflicts. Kenia, Algeria, Zimbabwe, Angola, Mozambique, and Namibia sacrificed significantly as many of their citizens were repressed during the decolonization movement (Jeppesen & Smith, 2017). After a number of confrontations and thousands of victims, European forces had to leave colonies’ territories. Most African countries obtained independence through negotiations, but not the regions mentioned above. Conclusion Decolonization of Africa is a significant event that occurred after the Second World War. The president of the United States contributed to independence gaining through the suggesting the Atlantic Charter. Together with the European countries’ weakened control over the occupied territories, it resulted in colonies’ liberation. From my perspective, some regions did not experience the discussed method of decolonization as they met military conflict and sacrificed many people. Reference Jeppesen, C., & Smith, A. (2017). Britain, France and the decolonization of Africa: Future imperfect? UCL Press.
In most areas of business, marketing is the key to the company’s growth and success. Advertisement is one of the essential marketing tools explicitly used to affect the customer’s decision-making scheme, thus causing him or her to choose one product over its competitors. Marketing research, on the other hand, aims to determine effective advertisement and marketing strategies by studying the correlation between two variables, where an independent variable represents typically a factor that is not influenced by the other factors considered, whereas the dependent variable changes in accordance with changes made to other variables. The role of marketing strategies – specifically, the choice of advertisement – on the consumer’s decision-making is thoroughly explained in Kumar and Raju’s article “The Role of Advertising in Consumer Decision Making.” The study’s authors explore the relationship between two variables: customers’ emotional response and their buying behavior. After conducting the study of over 100 customers, the researchers found that advertisements indeed have a strong influence on the customer’s decision to buy a particular product and can persuade the customer to buy a product even when he or she does not need it (Kumar and Raju 45). Another article by two researchers from India focuses specifically on the psychological side of marketing. The article presents an empirical study that aimed to measure the impact of the advertisement. For instance, the researchers found that the customer’s attitude towards the ad itself can influence its effectiveness and make customers trust the brand: “Research studies indicated that the consumers’ attitudes toward advertisements and their attitudes toward brands might shape their purchase intentions” (Rao and Rao 15). One of the most important findings of the study is that the effect of advertisement depends on the person’s demographic background, such as age, gender, and occupation (Rao and Rao 18), which demonstrates the psychological nature of marketing. Finally, the influence of ads and marketing on the customer’s purchase decisions is studied by Gîrboveanu et al. The authors introduce the idea that the purchase process always involves decision-making process under risk: while “A purchase decision can be considered as an optimization process through which buyers seek the product or the brand that will yield the greatest satisfaction” (Gîrboveanu et al. 896), there is always a risk that the customer will not be satisfied with the purchase. Therefore, effective ads persuade the customer to buy the product by decreasing the feeling of risk and promoting the product as reliable and trustworthy. The study also found that buyers tend to pay more attention to different brand advertisements when they are seeking information on these specific bra
Objective This report aims at identifying mothers at health risk based on six important parameters namely gestation, smoking habit, pre-pregnancy weight, height, status, and age. Additional hospital resources are required to mothers at high risk of giving birth to low weight babies. Result In this respect, six variables were analysed from the sample of 1000 birth records from the year 2015. The six variables comprised of birthweight, gestation, smoking habit, pre-pregnancy weight, height, status, and age. First, the average birthweight of sample was compared with the 2004 record. The record shows that average birthweight was 3500 grams in the year 2004, which rose to 3540 grams in the year 2015. Therefore, it can be concluded that overall the nutrition has improved and the average birthweight has increased too. Further results show that smoking mothers have low weight babies. In this respect, T-test results show that mean birthweight of baby of the non-smoking mother is 3647 grams, while the birthweight of smoking mother is 3373 grams. It should be noted that average birth weight of smoking mother is below the average birthweight of sample data (3540 grams). These results are in line with other research works such as (Knopik et al., 2016). Knopik et al. (2016) found that maternal smoking in a serious health concern for healthy fetus development. Another comparison of birthweight was made between indigenous and non-indigenous baby. Statistical results show that indigenous babies have an average birthweight of 3238 grams, while non-indigenous babies have average birthw