ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Deep Economy offers an insightful platform to any reader as it prompts him to analyze his current living condition. The author, Bill McKibben captures the reader’s mind through his well thought out and articulated ideas that expose his prowess in the field of ecological economics. The book delivers a specific message to the reader and even critics have agreed that the book plays its role in communication. Bill challenges the reader to think of another life beyond ‘growth’ to achieve prosperity. He argues that this is possible if people concentrate more in their local production. He seems to have an answer to all the budding problems affecting the community with an aim of bringing changes in their daily lifestyle and economy. One of the strongest points brought out in his argument is his stand on the community and individualism (McKibben 108). Many people have no idea what this means but a clear understanding of Deep Economy brings to light the issue of community that triggers our thinking. And how does it achieve this goal? First of all, we have shunned communism and turned to individualism. We have lost the idea of thinking as a community and turned to other westernized sources outside our own society to revive our economy. A wrong move I must say. Secondly, globalization seems to be conquering the entire world leading to the loss of all types of primeval community values. McKibben argues that we need to re-awaken the lost communities, a concept which though possible, has been met with a lot of criticism. Lastly, it is apparent that the community has adequate resources to sustain the economy but we, as individuals, tend to ignore them. The Importance of Community Based on the above three reasons that help us to understand our community, it is worth discussing its role. McKibben holds the community in high esteem as portrayed in chapter three and four of his book. These two chapters give a conclusive argument on why the community is vital for economic growth. The community is inhabited by individuals who are hyper (McKibben 115). More emphasis should therefore be placed on the community rather than the sole individual. McKibben advocates for the embracing of community values to attain a more sustainable lifestyle. Does this make any sense? Well, society has currently become more individualized with everybody crying about their ‘rights.’ This has been attributed to globalization and change of culture that has led people to be selfish in their way of living. The new culture of ‘everyone for himself and God for us all’ has become entrenched in individuals, hence shunning the society and its needs. Many people would be lost in the idea of thinking that the community does not play any role in our daily lives hence shunning it. The economy depends on right relationships within the community. Successful people such as Schumach
Introduction Bureaucracy has been described by Max Weber (1997) as the formal division of labor and functions within an administration, and hierarchy of authority. “All positions within an organizational hierarchy exist by their own right however, the holders of these positions have no privileges to certain offices, thus a person cannot be said to own his job.” Griffin & Moorhead (2009). The term originates from the French word “bureau”, which means office, hence decisions arising from an office. Bureaucracy tends to increase as organizations grow in size and functionality, due to the complexity of the hierarchal structure in large organizations. How it works In a bureaucratic organization, labor and authority are well defined among personnel and offices. The organizational structure is characterized by rules and routine procedures that are to be followed. Though bureaucracy does not in itself create rules or policies, the structures put in place are there to enforce the established policies. Decisions made are mainly based on written laws relating to the functioning of the particular organization. Majority of laws and rules are established in the early stages of an organization, with modifications made after a consensus from key decision makers. There are also written rules that govern procedures that deal with recruitment, training and development of employees within an organization. Most organizations, especially corporations, have human resources departments to serve this purpose. Organizations have hierarchal structures, organized in such a way that gives more authority to upper offices, and day to day operational decision making is delegated to middle management. Consequently, functions of various offices are defined, and participants usually sign contracts that keep them in office while ensuring that they conform to certain performance levels. In addition, formal networks are evident in hierarchal structures that facilitate the flow of information and bring about co-operation within the organizations. Tullock & Rowley (2005) notes “Bureaucracy is applicable in most modern governments, corporations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), courts, hospitals, professional and academic associations as well as social and sporting clubs.” Characteristi
Introduction Boeing and airbus have a difference in opinion on the future of commercial airlines. In 1997, Boeing decided to pull out of building a new plane code named 747-400. The plane would have carried a total of 550 passengers. The reason for the pull out was due to the lack of orders. Only two airlines British airways and Singapore had expressed their interest in the super jumbo. However, these two airlines had not made any firm orders. Boeing also pulled out because they were concerned about flying large numbers in one plane. Airbus on the other hand decided to go ahead with their project of building a new plane carrying 550 passengers. Unlike Boeing, Airbus received orders for their new planes. This made Boeing to reconsider their decision to pull out of the super jumbo program. Airbus expected the costs of developing the new plane to be about 11 billion dollars. Moreover, it offered 49% more room than the Boeing sonic cruiser. The costs of development are also 20% cheaper than Boeing’s. Boeing had previously estimated the cost of developing the sonic cruiser at 2 billion dollars basing this figure on the existing technology of the 747 (Bass, 2010). However, the costs of the jumbo rose to 7 billion dollars. Therefore, Boeing said that the new Airbus plane could not compete with the sonic since they expected the costs of developing to rise to about 12 billion dollars. According to Boeing, the only way that airbus would compete with the jumbo was by accepting government subsidies. Airbus rebuffed these claims saying that they were trying to establish industrial partnership with Japan to help them meet the costs of developing the mew A350 plane. Japanese aerospace
The client under study sustained significant head and back injuries from a car accident. As a result, the doctor gave an order for a simulation test to be carried out. Simulation testing is ordered by a healthcare provider to ascertain the reactivity of the adrenal gland within the endocrine system towards various types of hormones. ACTH stimulation is recommended as it examines the production level of cortisol by the adrenal glands and eliminates or confirms the possibility of congenital adrenal Hyperplasia. Low levels of hormone cortisol secreted indicate that the accident caused damage to the adrenal gland (Bazarian et al., 2009). This ensures that the patient receives the correct diagnosis and treatment. A nurse should be concerned if the client sustained damage to his pituitary gland because it plays an important role in hormone regulation and the production of essential hormones in the endocrine system. According to Bazarian et al. (2009), an injury to the head can affect the pituitary gland and cause reduced secretion of two major hormones in the endocrine system. Injuries sustained on the head could affect how the pituitary gland controls the growth hormone (GH) hence interfering with the normal functionality of the endocrine system. The effect of low production of the growth hormone leads to increased fatigue in the patients; it affects their stamina and may cause anxiety and depression in the patient. These effects occur in approximately 18 percent of patients with sustained brain injuries. Apart from that, the pituitary gland also produces the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hence head injuries could affect its production. Bazarian et al. (2009) stipulate that low levels of ADH can lead to a diabetic condition in the patient-diabetes insipidus. A patient suffering from diabetes insipidus is likely to e
Quality control One of the most vital lessons learnt from the production of beef episode is the value of quality control. The production unit under analysis does not compromise on the quality of beef that comes from its facilities. The same applies to all the other companies that work alongside this organization during the slaughter and packaging of the product. In operations management, quality control is critical in ensuring that products meet consumer needs and expectations. Therefore, a business must use standards against which to evaluate and to correct its respective outcomes. A number of characteristics stand out in the corn production of beef. First, inspection of the materials occurs prior to, during and after production of beef. For instance, the raw materials used to feed the cattle are investigated and corrected as required. The quality of corn is affirmed by placing a corn factory in the middle of the cattle ranch (Kwon 12). The organization thus mitigates itself against risks that come from purchasing raw materials from the external environment. As the cattle continue to grow, the modern-day cowboys will check on a number of parameters to ascertain that the cows are growing as expected. The first characteristic that will indicate the level of quality in the cattle is the muscle and bone ratio of the cow. Certain expectations exist concerning the quantity of muscle in beef-producing cows. This organization checks on its animals to make sure that they possess the right ones. Furthermore, the facility also looks at the fat content of the animals after a certain period of time. Corn-fed cows grow at a much faster rate than grass-fed cows. Therefore, the amount of fat that they will have gained must be in accordance to certain expectations within the institution. Usually, back fat is examined. The Colorado ranch thus indicates that quality control within production is imperative in producing high quality products. Quality assurance also continues after production during the slaughtering and packing phases. Perhaps this is one of the most critical areas because after this process, the meat will go to distributors who have no capacity to alter the quality of the product. At the slaughtering plants, workers will remove external fat and analyze the muscle size and shape of the cut. They will also look at marbling and the pattern of muscle and fat distribution in the animal. The ranchers tend to command higher prices for those products with less fat. This aspect of post production inspection shows that quality control is a continuous process in beef production. However, intense inspection and quality checks occur at lower levels of production or in supply chain parts that are close to the consumer. This case provides great insight on the need to balance quality checks with the cost, volume and level of details involved in processing. Keeping cattle is less detailed than slaughtering, so quality control must be revamped in the latter phase. Inventory management The bee
The word “sociology” has existed for an unusually long time without being given much attention. It has recently become popular among many people feeling inclined to it. A word gains popularity when discoveries are made about it. This is exactly what is happening to sociology. As a science, sociology does not specify anything but tends to generalize issues. It means that it does not state specifically how a person should be treated. Something that is not definite cannot be used as proof, but favourable things can be cited from it. Those who strongly believe in the future of science should put an end to this trend of sociology. This is to prevent it from becoming unpopular, as it was before. For a sociologist to prevent sociology from becoming extinct, he should carry out research. The research should provide facts that can be clearly defined and have definite limits. Sociological methods should be treated as social facts. It means that they should be studied as individual realities. These facts should be well stated and explained to avoid any misunderstandings while studying sociology. For it to attain the recognition from other sciences, it must not be generalized at all. This way, it will be seen as more defined and will be taken seriously. It will also gain more popularity and become counted among other established sciences. Since it deals with realities just like biology and psychology, sociology has to be more objective. This will certainly boost its recognition all over the world.
The need for organizational change consulting has significantly been impacted by technological advancements in the resent past. First and foremost, the world is rapidly shifting in terms of globalization, paperless business approach as well as competitive need for enhanced efficiency (Chaudron, 2009). As a result, corporate organizations have been forced to adopt new modalities to cope with the transforming market trends. On the other hand, competition is taking a dynamic angle where new entrants come with modern systems of production and operational management. These adaptations are ideal for quick production, proper team management, reduction of costs as well as high efficiency in customer rotations (Tidd, Bessant & Pavitt, 2005). It is for such reasons that business organizations find it inevitable to seek expertise assistance to match the rising demands and impact of technology. On the other hand, the organizational change process has also highly been influenced by technology in various ways. To begin with, it is important to understand that institutions are anchored by people with varied professional knowhow. As such, the emergence of new technologies directly and indirectly necessitates the need for training and guidance to empower the existing staff with modern approaches to production, development and management (Swales & Barbara, 2010). In addition, technology has proven to be cost-effective in promoting efficient and timely production. Technology also helps in maintaining updated records and statistics of production and sales (Chaudron, 2009). Therefore, when the leaders of an organization contemplate to undertake human, production and system transformations they often take into account the prevailing technological dynamics. For instance, it is no longer profitable to communicate urgent orders via post when the internet system can effect the transaction within a few seconds. Besides, the corporate world is moving away from the conundrums of manual production and marketing ideals as a result of the efficiency associated with mechanical and information technology. Taking into consideration the observed need for strategic adoption and implementation of modern technological systems, it is true that business organizations have registered tremendous reduction in cost, time and human errors (Tidd, Bessant & Pavitt, 2005). Moreover, technology has made human resource management more efficient. For instance, it is a common practice in today’s world to conduct recruitment exercises online without necessarily incurring additional costs of interviewing and training potential employees. Furthermore, employers can now rely on online work schedules where teams can efficiently work from the comfort of their homes. It shows that employees can be trusted to work under minimal supervision which in turn boosts their morale to do a good job. The whole idea helps reduce cost of office space, power consumptions and administrative costs of supervision. To that
Negligent training at the workplace is the demeanour that fails to comply with the law of safeguarding persons against harm. Generally, negligence is unintentional though the employer is held responsible for the tortuous encounters of workers. Usually, the company is assumed to have been negligent in equipping the workers with all the knowledge and skills necessary to provide a safe environment. In the court of law, the plaintiff must prove that his duty was breached and that he or she was hurt because of that breach. An example of negligence training was In Stacy v. Truman Medical Centre in 1992 (Barnes 2001). This consolidated appeal involved two unlawful deaths that were filed after a fire occurrence in room 327. Stephen Stacy and Dale Wheeler were the two patients who died because of the fire accident. As a result, Stephen’s family filed a wrongful death suit against the medical centre and one of its nurses. Consequently, Wheeler’s family brought a related suit, and the two cases were then consolidated for investigation and trial. On that fateful day, Cheryl Stacy, Stacy’s sister had visited him. Cheryl found Stephen smoking a cigarette under the watchful eye of one of the nurses. Stephen was not supposed to walk around due to his head injuries. Cheryl had not been advised on Stephen’s smoking restriction while inside the room. Furthermore, they utilized a plastic soup tray to dispose tobacco ashes since no hospital staff offered to get them an approved ashtray. It was not long before a nurse came and held Stephen back with fastens to prevent him from falling off the chair. At that moment, Stephen received a lit cigarette from Cheryl and subsequently disposed it in the wastebasket instead of the soup tray. Shortly afterwards, a fire started out in the wastebasket and spread out. The room was ill equipped since there was no smoke detector. When the nurse in charge noticed the fire, she assumed that Wheeler was not in an immediate danger, and so she decided to first untie Stacy from his chair before embarking on putting out the fire by suffocating it with a cotton sheet. When her attempts failed, she ran out and cried for help. Afterwards, she returned and tried to smother the fire. Because of the fire, the nurse in charge and other staff members grabbed Stacy by the legs and dragged him towards the hallway. During the process, Stacy’s restrains burnt up and he fell down from the chair to the floor. The nurse attempted to get back to the room, but she was barred by the extreme smoke, heat and flames. Later, the nurse and her colleague returned to the reception to ask for reinforcement while Wheeler remained in the room. A co-worker called Caminos got into the room with a fire extinguisher trying to save Wheeler. However, the extreme heat and smoke prevented her from rescuing him. As a result, Wheeler died in the room from smoke related complications. Several weeks later, Stacy too died because of burns related complications. The medical centre was obliged legally to train its nurses in th
Introduction Family communication necessitates the expression of one’s feelings about someone else or something through both verbal and non-verbal communication among family members. Effective family communication is central in the creation of healthy families and strengthens the bonds of love among family members. Communication within family members helps in early detection of family differences among members and offers an immediate solution to any conflict, which might occur. Healthy communication in the family creates an enabling environment in which members not only pass information about their wants, needs, feelings, or admirations, but also listen to what others have to say. Effective family communication therefore, cannot be complete without effective listening internalization of the spoken words then giving of response (Gottman, 1994, p.46). Listening is as critical as talking in a healthy communication. Good family relationships including marriages count on good family communication where people express their love and friendship through the exchange of their feelings to each other. Furthermore, the only efficient way of passing family information from the elder generation to the younger generation is effective communication between the source of the information and the recipient of the information. Openness in family communication and honesty propagates trust among family members and therefore, creates an atmosphere whereby individuals can express their thoughts without fear of contradiction and intimidation. According to Graham, “In order for effective communication to take place within families, individual family members must be open and honest with on another” (1996, p. 24). Trust creates strong relationships among family members. Family Communication: Essay on My Family’s Survival:   * As narrated by my mother The story about our family survival stretches way back before I was born, as my mother puts it to me. Through the family linage, this was the only time in history that our family went through a survival stage. Opposition and rejection was what our family went through for not less than five consecutive years. As my mother puts it, the issue started shortly after our first-born completed her high school education with an excellent performance therefore calling for proceeding to higher education. To the disbelief of my mother, her daughter had performed better than what the entire family expected. She says, “…out of all the poverty and recurrent sent offs from school for fees, she managed to perform better than any other student in the area.” Mum confirms that at that moment when the family was undergoing tough financial constrains, our father worked as a casual laborer in a farm for the whites with meager payment, which could
From Shen Tong’s Almost a Revolution To say that Shen Tong had serious reservations about the ability of the Chinese government to encourage the democratic expression of thought, would be a gross understatement. The book chronicles the events leading up to the June 4 th incident in Tiananmen Square in 1989. Tong is especially lucid on the reasons why he like many others got drawn into the uprising. He does give credibility to the sacrifices made by his predecessors to ensure that the revolution that they believed in would be successful; though history showed that this revolution did not bring about the results that were envisaged. It is this failure of the revolution that forms the cornerstone of the rebellious outpourings of students like Tong. Tong’s book tries to highlight, albeit a bit low-key, the kind of economic reforms that the State tried to engineer. In an effort to gain acceptance by other world powers (read other Democratic countries), the Chinese government projected over-estimated accounts of expansion plans in various sectors of industry. In reality, this was far from the truth, with the opening up of China’s economy still a distant dream for many. The book’s highlight is the student movement – its genesis, progress, high points, and finally the burn-out. The euphoria of the times was so consuming that there was little time or inclination to go into the real issues that the students were fighting for. This was mainly due to the differences of opinion that were inevitably raised towards the end of the demonstrations. The passionate involvement of Tong and his fellow students seemed to intensify, only to suffer a heavy blow dealt by the government on that fateful day. Tong’s own reservations about the movement are best described thus: “I felt that we had started a car that was now driving off in a dangerous direction.” (Tong, 1990). From Ian Johnson’s Wild Grass With Post-Mao China as a fitting backdrop, Ian Johnson paints a picture of state oppression, trad