ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This study tries to address a very important question or issue. The authors wanted to investigate whether anxiety can modify the ability to match or identify photographed faces. In the article, the researchers asked whether acute anxiety could affect a person’s ability to match different faces. The study was necessary because the face-matching practice was becoming necessary towards dealing with insecurity. The researchers wanted to present the best ideas and practices towards improving the performance of eyewitnesses. This research was necessary because the identification of strange faces was always poor in different matching tasks. Methods The authors used the best methods to conduct their study. The researchers selected 28 individuals to undertake the study. Every participant was encouraged to provide informed consent. The participants were encouraged to inhale medical-grade air. They also inhaled air enriched with 7.5 percent carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). They completed the Glasgow Face Matching Test (GFMT) twice. The inhalation of 7.5 percent CO 2 is one of the legalized approaches for inducing acute anxiety. The collected data included arousal, measures of anxiety, and performance on the GFMT. The collected data would be termed as psychophysical thresholds. Results and Conclusions The findings indicated that face-matching performance was always impaired under states of arousal or elevated anxiety. However, the effect was specifically restricted to hits. According to the study, anxiety is capable of corrupting performance whenever individuals are engaged in face-matching activities. Anxiety will result in detrimental effects on face-matching activities. This situation usually occurs when an individual is not required to remember the targeted incident. The authors also explain why there should be a dissociation between the ability to identify an accurate face match and the capability to spot a lack of one. The study findings supported the targeted hypothesis because acute anxiety can make it impossible for an individual to perform well in any face matching performance. The study findings also support the identified hypothesis. The authors have also correctly interpreted their results. The findings explain why security officers should focus on encoding processes to improve face-matching performance. The approach will be relevant towards dealing with crime and international terrorism. Article Critique I agree with the authors’ interpretation. The authors have explained why security officers and governments should establish the extent to which acute anxiety is capable of affecting the accuracy of face ma
The U.S. constitution provides for certain fundamental rights in its provisions. Key among these are the fourth, fifth, sixth and eighth amendment’s, which provide for the rights of American citizens. The fourth amendment provides for searches and seizures, providing respite in cases where they are ‘unreasonable’. It also pConstitutionunlawfully obtained evidence by outlining the exclusionary rule. The Fifth Amendment prohibits the admission of self-incriminating statements as well as those in the form of confessions that are a result of coercive interrogations (Beckerly 169). The law seems to overlap at this point because these statements, just like the evidence collected unlawfully are inadmissible in a court of law. The sixth amendment provides for the right to an attorney as well as juvenile rights, and finally, the eighth amendment caters for cruel and unusual punishments or simply put, the proportionality of sentencing to a crime. Most of these rights tend to overlap as they are closely related. However, the law is very strict on the infringement of any of them as in most cases; it renders the sentence and the entire trial null. Adamson v California, 332 U.S. 46 (1947) Facts: the defendant, Adamson was convicted of first degree murdered and given a death penalty. He appealed his conviction on the grounds that the law in California that allowed the prosecution and the court (judge) to comment on his failure to provide a testimony violated the Fifth Amendment, which prohibited forced self incrimination. This comment rule allowed the judge to direct the jury to infer guilt from the defendant’s lack of testimony to either rebut or explain the evidence and it was a violation of the right of presumption of innocence. The Supreme Court upheld the conviction. Issue: the question raised was whether the Fifth Amendment provision against compelled self incrimination should be applied in states as it was in the federal circuit because of the due process clause in the 14 th amendment. Holding: No Reasoning: the freedom to either give or not give a testimony in court was not a fundamental right provided for in the Bill of Rights. Although all American citizens had the right to a fair trial, the freedom from compelled testimony was not inherently incorporated in this right. Significance: This reasoning was flawed because it expressly denied a defendant his right to a presumption of innocence. It meant that a defendant could not enjoy his right to silence, yet this is a critical right in criminal proceedings (Osbourne 19). Consequently, such a defendant is “damned if he does and damned if he doesn’t.” This especially applies where the defendant may get flustered if he testifies and the jury may infer guilt if he does not. Griffin v California, 380 U.S. 609 (1965) Facts: the defendant was convicted of murder and given a death penalty after a witness testified to having seen him with the victim, Essie Mae, in an alley, and him later emerging from the alley alone. During trial, the defendant fai
Introduction Shifting of cost is an economic practice. Shifting can either be forward or backward. Cost shifting allows “cost demands to be met by shifting some of the liability to different groups of users” (Frakt, 2011). In health care system, this practice is common. The state may decide to provide health care services at low cost to low income communities. These charges are often lower than the prevailing rate for the services. To cover the difference, management of a hospital may decide to charge a higher price to a group of patients. Such groups may have patients with private insurance and those who pay for themselves. Alternatively, high income patients can be charged a higher price than the market rates. Cost shifting is not similar to price discrimination. The later entails charging different prices for same services or goods to different groups of users (Frakt, 2011). Cost shifting help in minimizing job loss or inability to provide services as a result of unpaid cost (Frakt, 2011). This treatise discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with cost shifting. It also talks about the relevance of the topic in current and future health care environment. Challenges and opportunities Medicare Prospective Payment Assessment Commission’s report done in 1992 “asserted that hospitals could recoup underpayments by Medicare from private payers” (Frakt, 2011). This was necessary so that hospitals could not fear inadequate government payments. From various research studies that have been conducted, it was found out that commercial insurers pay the highest markup. In practice, cost shifting faces a lot of challenges (Feder & Hadley, 2010). First, providers of private insurance may find it costly to provide health insurance to patients. They may not fully cover some ailments due to cost implications. Alternatively, they may charge very high premiums which can be afforded by few people. Therefore, patients with private insurance may be reducing over time. This implies that hospitals may not find avenues for charging higher rates. This indicates inability to shift cost. Cost shifting is no longer a remedy for hospitals to cover their cost. As an opportunity, hospitals may target high income citizens and charge them high. For instance, hospitals may have branches in different localities. For instance, in low and high income regions. Hospitals in high income regions may charge higher for services than those in low income regions. This is a great opportunity for hospitals (Feder & Hadley, 2010). Relevance of the topic in current and future health care Cost shif
The dependency thesis states that what is good or bad depends on what the people of that particular society, regard as wrong or right. Another definition is that; the moral principles that have been accepted by a certain cultural are the correct ones, irrespective of what other cultures practice. If a certain community accepts that upon meeting someone older than yourself you should bow your head, then not bowing your head to an elder person is morally wrong (1). The dependency thesis has some strengths and weaknesses. One of the strengths is that; if by any chance you get entangled in another community, you become unaffected by some of the earlier obligations. For example, in a Kenyan society, abortion is wrong. If a Kenyan girl is married to a Chinese, whose culture condones abortion, she will be free from the no abortion rule. When this Kenyan girl is married to a Chinese, she will have the choice of aborting if wished. According to the thesis, it is not right for one community to force its rule unto another person from a different community. This means that a foreigner may live amidst another community, and continue practicing what he thinks is right. For example, a reporter from BBC will be able to report the lifestyle of the Fulani people, without himself being forced to abide to the traditions of the Fulani (3). If somebody is supposed to adhere to his culture’s principles, it means that there is no supreme person who is supposed to judge everybody. This means there is nothing that entitles one human being to judge others. The thesis also advocates that we should see other people’s culture as important as ours. This has enabled people to tolerate other people’s culture. Being able to tolerate other people’s culture has enabled people from different cultures to live together. For example, a Muslim and a Christian can be very good roommates even if they have different believes. Both cultures teach to respect other people’s culture (4). One of the major draw back of this thesis is that, it gives room for one community rising over th
The American character has been an enticing subject of study in both imported and domestic cultures. To solve this problem, Hitchcock’s American movies extensively gave an understanding of the American culture by investigating the forms of emotions and conduct that usually shape characters. Many critics argue that Hitchcock’s character and plot development in the Vertigo and Rear Window were influenced by a therapeutic culture or a revision of the Victorian character. In connection to this, I would argue that Hitchcock’s character and plot development in his films were strongly influenced by Edgar Allen Poe’s techniques of building suspense among the audience. From the above statement, it can be deduced that Hitchcock’s filmmaking techniques were both borrowed and original. To support the above thesis, Charles Thomas Samuels argued that; Hitchcock like Poe was preoccupied with a small stock of circumstances that could be misinterpreted as major topics. On the other hand, Hitchcock frankly admitted that Poe was very crucial to his creative development chiefly on his verdict to make films. Based on this, Hitchcock admitted that he was concerned with Poe’s stories that encouraged him to create suspense films. In addition, Hitchcock realized Poe’s importance in his talent especially focusing on viewers that fulfilled his aspiration for a terrifying yet safe cinematic skill. Further, he discovered Poe’s method of influencing the audience’s reactions to dread through ‘spellbinding logic’. As a result of this, he took this technique seriously in coming up with firm narratives that made his techniques to be considered as the most excellent. It should be noted that Hitchcock was mainly influenced by Poe’s mysteries; like ‘the murder and the lady vanishes’. In these mysteries, he realized the lessons about viewers’ responses and the delight in the safe fear that made him interested in making suspense films. It is worth noting that, Hitchcock was influenced by the Poe-inspired surrealism of filmmakers like Bunuel, Clair, and Cocteau. This is evident from certain dream and fantasy sequences in some of his films. It can be deduced that Hitchcock learned a lot from Poe as far as creating the audience’s suspense is concerned. This can be seen from how he focused the audience’s attention on certain objects like the glass of milk in ‘Suspicion’ and the knife in ‘Sabotage’. In addition, Hitchcock learned from Poe the technique of creating suspense among the audience by permitting them to be more knowledgeable than the characters. More so, Hitchcock was influenced by Poe not only in suspense-building but also in coming up with theories and methods of manipulating the audience’s attention. In this case, both Hitchcock and Poe acknowledged the need for sublimely skilled creativity; so that they could control the audience’s emotions as they create suspense. In support of this argument, Hitchcock frankly admitted that he could hear his audience screaming when he was making the picture. To wind up, Hitchcock
Every day, so many people wake up with one hope, to live and do everything possible to enjoy this life. Blue sky, fresh air, green trees, clean environment, and good people near – this is what can make this life really worthwhile and interesting. However, this really captivating life may be spoiled in several hours or even in several minutes, and the reason all this may be two simple words – terror and terrorism. Unfortunately, not many people really comprehend the meaning of these two words, this is why it is crucially important to pay attention to these two issues and develop numerous discussions. The point is that the meaning of terror is not the same of terrorism, so, it is necessary to find out the difference that lies between terror and terrorism, analyze the reasons of terrorism, and evaluate personal position in order to realize whether it is possible to stop terrorists and be sure that terror will not disturb people in near future. Nowadays, terrorism is considered to be a really interesting topic to investigate and analyze; lots of studies, debates, and controversies take place around this issues in order to be able to deal with it and promote safer life (Laqueur 7). Of course, the events of September 11 2001 in New York and Washington made each person on the world remember once again how cruel and unpredictable terroristic acts could be, how many innocent lives may be lost within a really short period of time. That shock, those tears, and those deaths raised
Executive Summary Advancement in technology has reshaped and revamped the way business is being done. There is a shift towards using internet as a platform for firms to carryout business. The advantages associated with this technology has left almost all business firms whether big or small in size to consider adopting it with the notion that it will help them stay competitive and relevant in the current world of business. However, there is little knowledge these firms have with regards to both advantages and disadvantages of adopting e-commerce. This paper has identified the pros and cons of adopting e-commerce. The method used to arrive at the conclusion in this paper is through an analysis of secondary data from existing books, journals and internet sources. It is apparent that since the inception of computers and internet, everything particularly on how business is carried out has tremendously changed. E-commerce is one of the fastest growing industries worldwide and is one of the most rapidly evolving areas of national and international trade. Using internet to carryout business has been deemed to be the most current innovation in the world of business and offers an opportunity to businesses to carryout business through electronics. Firms have rushed to adopt e-commerce which entails making transaction online with the belief that it will help them gain competitive advantages and increase their market shares as well as revenue. Indeed there are numerous advantages associated with this concept such as capturing new markets by allowing firms to go global, 24/7 operation this has been shown to bring with it the advantage of reliability and convenience which allows potential customers who do not have time to buy products and services regardless of time. It is evident that e-commerce help firm cut the costs of doing business, for instance there will be less paper work which requires human resource, a flexible or telework arrangement can be put in place making working execute their tasks, duties and responsibilities not necessarily in the office among other advantages. However, it is established that there are a host of drawbacks associated with e-commerce such as increase in criminal activities, ethical issues such as firing employees as a result of automating some tasks, technical issues, compatibility problems as well as legal implications. For instance there is concern about increase in crime rates that are not easily detected, the real time production of goods and services have and will continue to create stock crisis, there is potential of loss of resources as well as underutilization of the same (people will lose jobs and rates of disposed equipment will increase), unavailability of power, ICT manpower, telecommunication facilities leaves some communities especially in third world countries at a disadvantage, social division and broken human interaction that creates and nurture trust. Bases on these pros and c
Introduction The millennial generation is extensively influenced by technology. This generation has had access to mobile phones, digital equipments and the internet. The Millennials prefer text messaging, IMing, and social networking sites rather than conventional forms of communication such as phone conversations (Godwin-Jones 13). Consequently, technologically-inflected version of English has evolved. There has been fear that the technologically-inflected version of English is having effects on standard written English. Although the Millennial generation has learnt to code switch between the two versions of English depending on audience, it is unquestionable that technologically- inflected version of English is affecting standard written English. Discussion Code switching is a common practice in the multilingual world. Individuals have to switch from one language to another in order to communicate effectively. In most cases code switching is common in minority linguistic groups while in a dominant language (Auer 78). The practice is also common in bilingual or multilingual individuals. Individuals who code switch tend to choose the language to use automatically depending on their audience. Technology has led to unmistakable two versions of English. The millennial generation’s version of English does not adhere to standard words and rules in Standard English. Words such as ‘wassup’ ‘gd ngt’ ‘gr8’ ‘luv u’ have evolved because of need to write shorten words and phrases when text-messaging and IMing. The millennial generation has perfected in use of the technologically-inflected version of English considering that they have been brought up during the era of technology (Godwin-Jones 19). However, the Millennials have to communicate with other individual in the society. In school, they have to communicate with their educators, write academic essays and make presentations. In such situations, they have to use Standard English rather than the technologically-inflected version of English. Code switching between technologically-inflected version of English and Standard English has become necessary for millennial generation. At school, students use technologically- inflected version of English when communicating with their peers on social issues. For example, students are unlikely to use Standard Written English when updating their status on social networking sites like Facebook, when text-messaging their peers or when using Instant Message applications. However, they switch to Standard English when writing to their instructors on academic issues, when writing academic papers or when writing a formal letter. It is clear that the students choose the version of English to use depending on their audience and subject. For instance, students are likely to use Standard Written English when responding to discussion topics on academic discussion boards, but use technologically-i
Every culture has its own unique and distinct tradition which is a trademark of identification of every nation. Immigrates are away from their lands and tradition, they face cultural influences that are enforced by external environment. This essay paper analyzes immigrates experiencing cultural adaptation of Stealing Buddha dinner written by Bich Minh Nguyen. In the book author has mentioned her experiences as an immigrant and cultural adaptation that makes her feel more like natives. Stealing Buddha dinner beautifully interprets experiences of immigrants adapting other cultures for overcoming the discriminations and has several aspects to be discussed. Food is trademark representation of every culture, highlight of this paper shall discuss the turmoil of Nguyen for knowing her denotation of cultural food that rather represented her in satisfying her internal confusion with his own identity with the references to the original text in order to provide better understanding. American Meat: False claims satisfying internal identity Nguyen family immigrate Vietnam and settled in Grand Rapids they lived hand-to-mouth, in a small sludgy apartment. Analyzing her situations and conditions and comparing living standard with her friend Holly Jansen. Contrary, Bich exerts to find similar ground of the natives of Grand Rapids. After choosing the food that was eaten by the native, she finds herself cozy and satisfying resembling with their mind sets and traditions. Though, Grandmother Noi feed Bich with the bite-sized pieces; consequently, she had no idea about American Meat but pretended as is she knows. “If the girls at the recess talked about these thing that they had eaten the night before I would simple chime in, ‘me too’” (Nguyen 85) reflecting the quote we can determine, that Bich pretended familiarizing with American Meat but in reality she never had idea about it. Bich was fascinated to the interacting environment, in order to attain similar coinciding grounds. “I would have invited her to my house. I didn’t have my own room, for one thing. And I was afraid, both of how my family would act around Holly and how she would react to being around them” (Nguyen 85) according to the qoute w can assume how Bich tried to find familiar grounds of eating tradition enthralled this little girl, she found it herself internal satisfied because according to her consciousness this act of hers might make her more like her friend Holly Jansen. Separate room of Holly was a mutual influence to Bich, whereas, she didn’t own her separate room
Background The placebo effect is the measureable or observable response in the patient’s health or behavior that can not be attributed to the administration of a medication or a valid treatment plan. Placebo is derived from a Latin word meaning “I shall please” and is defined as a pharmacologically inert substance; an example of a placebo is a saline solution. When this substance is given to an individual if they experience an effect that would be comparable to a pharmacological substance then it can be stated that they are experiencing the placebo effect.