ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The United States’ healthcare delivery system is currently benefiting from advanced medical technologies, evidence-based procedures, and drugs. Unfortunately, the country’s baby boomer generation is aging very fast. This new change indicates that a superior healthcare model is required to meet the needs of these elderly citizens. The essay presented below discusses how this aging baby boomer population will affect health care organizations and services. Baby Boomers: Health Care Delivery and Organizations Health Care Services and Delivery Health care delivery is a complex procedure aimed at addressing the changing medical needs of different people in a given population. According to Canizares, Gignac, Hogg-Johnson, Glazier, and Badley (2016), the number of aging baby boomers in the US will increase to over 70 million within the next few years. The first potential effect is the increased demand for specialized geriatric care and support. This means that America’s healthcare sector will require more skilled aged-care and geriatric nurses to deliver high-quality medical services. Elderly members of the society might not be able to travel from point A to B to get the required medical services. The second effect is that the role and importance of nursing informatics will become more critical than ever before. Health professionals will have to combine new technologies, applications, and systems to monitor these citizens and provide exemplary medical services (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). The third one is that volunteer care will become relevant in an attempt to address the unique needs of this population. The fourth effect on health care services is the increased levels of multidisciplinary practices. This means that many professionals from different fields will collaborate to transform the health experiences of the targeted baby boomers, including social workers, nurses, clinical officers, volunteers, surgeons, psychiatrists, massage therapists, and dieticians (Kahana & Kahana, 2014). Another outcome is that many experts in medical practice will also be expected to put more emphasis on care delivery instead of treatment. Finally, existing healthcare delivery models will start to focus on terminal conditions associa
Introduction/Background Simon defines marketing ethics as a subject that addresses ideologies and values that characterize market tolerable behaviors (128). Ethics is a huge CSR factor since it sets the acceptable standards, which all CSR initiatives must obey when executing their missions. Marketers can go too far to obtain customers by engaging in unethical marketing practices, which are openly meant to deceive and take advantage of a given situation for individualistic or group gains. As the paper reveals, the government should pass some rulings to protect clients from these evil marketers in the cause-related marking. This paper discusses ethical marketing in the context of cause-related marketing (CRM) and the RED marketing campaign. Analysis of the Issue Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) theory presents Cause-Related Marketing (CRM) as an important mechanism for ensuring that organizations engage in CSR (Kotler and Lee 3). Dadush defines CRM as the marketing of products and services not just based on quality and/or functionality, but also their relationship with some external causes (1273). The case of CRM demonstrates how marketing and ethics co-exist since organizations engage in CSR by committing a given portion of profits from the sale of services or products to a noble course or program that is meant to solve some social problems. Ethical marketing refers to a situation where buyers and sellers have some values that they uphold when doing any business dealings. Marketers have gone a step further to obtain clients via the CRM in the RED campaign. For instance, as Dadush asserts, “The Red emblem has become universal, appearing on items as varied as coffee bean packets, strollers, t-shirts, computers, thank-you cards, and looking ahead, many things in between” (1270). Although CRM is beneficial, it can be abused through some evident unethical sides. Firstly, clients are not made aware of the two agendas that the campaign seeks to accomplish, namely making business profits and gathering money for donations. While they seem to be fighting a certain counterproductive societal issue, it is unethical for CRM to present personalized answers to shared tribulations (Dadush 1269). While using the CRM, several moral, legal, and ethical issues can arise. Moral principles constitute a key factor in the corporate social responsibility. An organization has an added role of delivering value to communities in which it does its business. From an ethical perspective, this additional role is only evident when the marketing of products is decent such that the utilities of the products are not misrepresented simply to attract a large buyer sponsorship. From a legal standpoint, companies are required to adopt slogans that act as communication tools to attract clients. For instance, companies that use the RED label deploy marketing slogans such as “Desire and virtue, Together at last, and Buy (RED), Save lives” (Dadush 1271). If customers cannot understand that the RED label doe
Introduction Organizations exist in an environment that is constantly changing. They therefore have to adapt themselves accordingly in order to survive. One way in which they can achieve this is by changing their culture so that it is relevant to the environment within which they operate. Over the last few decades, many organizations have recognized the need to align their interests with those of the society. This has been caused by the increased importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CRS). CRS is a concept that obliges organizations treat all their stakeholders in a manner that is both ethically and socially sound. Emphasis on Corporate Social Responsibility has given European companies a competitive edge over the American multinationals that have for decades dominated the global market (Ariel & Reeves 2002). In recognition of the impact that society has, many organizations today seek to align their operations with societal demands. However, for this to take place, the organizations need to have knowledge of the social demands that exist. This paper will explain and give examples of how organizations monitor social demands and manage their social response mechanisms, and therefore guarantee their future success. How organizations monitor social demands Organizations exist within a certain environment and their actions are dictated by the internal and external needs of this environment. Albright (2008) declares that organizations should have a good understanding of the environment within which they operate if they want to succeed and achieve their goals. Without a proper understanding, they are likely to engage in practices that contradict social expectations. Robbins et al. (2009) observes that many organizations have developed external engagement practices that enable them to understand better the social demands they are facing. With such practices, the organizations are able to gain a better understanding of the risks and opportunities that exist with their social contract and hence properly address both the risks and the opportunities. One mechanism used by organizations is social auditing which looks at the impacts of the organizations’ operations on the society. This mechanism assesses the impacts of a company on key groups in society (Unerman 2007). An independent or internal auditor makes the assessments and reports his findings to the organization’s leaders. This report forms the basis for the stakeholder dialogue that aims at addressing problems that may have been highlighted. This mechanism encourages engagement with stakeholders and they are inclined to view the organization as a valued member of the society. It also facilitates the development of social information systems that act as valuable means of organizational learning (Bartol et al., 2008). The reason for this are the perspectives of the stakeholders that are acquired through the social information systems which can influence the organizational decision-making process. Organizations can also assess the level of pressure being exerted by th
Introduction Toyota Australia produces high-quality vehicles and engines at the plant located in Altona. To improve the production process and respond to the principles of sustainability and environmental protection, it is necessary to implement the new technology to save the water used in the technological process. The project is developed to demonstrate the advantages of the new water cycling technology with references to the specifics of the process and aspects of its successful implementation at the Altona plant. In 2011/2012, 355,611 kL of water was used at the plant with the minimal utilization of the recycled water (Toyota Australia Sustainability Report 2012). The new water cycling technology allows the implementation of the non-waster process when 100% of recycled water are utilized in manufacturing. To implement the technology, the microfiltration system, several reverse osmosis systems, and the industrial storage tank is necessary. To guarantee the space and costs savings, the location of the system should be determined. The practical value of the project’s development and implementation is in decreasing the costs, savings the water and energy resources, and protecting the environment. Background Information Toyota Australia focuses on the sustainable production meeting the main concepts and ideas of the corporate social responsibility. Nevertheless, to improve the manufacturing process and contribute to the reduction of water resources usage, it is necessary to implement the new water cycling technology. 355,611 kg of water was used at the Altona plant in 2011/2012, and it is possible to operate this number as the average amount of water which will be saved with the usage of the new technology (Toyota Australia Sustainability Report 2012). The implementation of production based on the 100% water cycling process is the effective strategy to save the company’s costs and operate according to the ideas of the organization’s corporate social responsibility while preserving the water and energy resources (Dissolved metals removal from wastewater 2011). The new technology is based on the pattern of the electric’s membrane separation method of recycling water used at the plants of Mitsubishi (Mitsubishi Electric: a practical water recycling solution 2013). The usage of the technology guarantees the 100% reuse of water with diminishing the environmental risks and increasing the company’s profits. The wastewater treatment system allows the regulatio
Introduction Organization’s performance depends on every unit, function and process of the organization. Each organization has parameters and expectations that guide the manner in which it is built and run. Business organizations usually aim to continuously improve their performance thus the business parameters and expectations are normally built according to the measurement system of the organization. Companies can only be improved if their performance is measured using the modern systems which include providing immediate feedback, positive accountability, learning, prediction, visibility, communication, understanding and improvement. Besides, the business should be structured to promote alignment with the business strategy as well as to maximize cross-enterprise integration. It should also be structured to help every working group and individuals in the company to work cooperatively to drive value of the organization. This implies that the measurement process of the organization should focus on learning and improvements that reflect the company’s business model. Thus performance measurement requires awareness and balance between the technical aspects and the social aspects of the company. Training and development of the Human Resource It necessary that an organization develop the capacity of its workers to make decisions and to carry out the crucial actions needed in the company. The company nee
First and foremost, one of the most widespread general notions in society refers to the interconnection between drug abuse and addiction. Some people without special knowledge about the specific terms and their differences might use these two levels of attitudes to the drugs interchangeably. Drug abuse and addiction are the grades of drug influence on the concrete individual’s life. Due to the difference in regularity and intensity of drug absorption, substance abuse and addiction can be correctly separated from another so that there is a concrete measure that identifies an abuse and an addiction in their different forms. Beginning from the determination aspect, the main characteristic that may differ between substance abuse and addiction is the timeline of usage. More specifically, if the person takes certain drugs with a visible regularity, then the person is addicted to the substance (Feltenstein et al., 2008). In addition, Bartlett et al. (2013) present the main difference as “addiction has been viewed historically as a moral failing or lack of individual self-control, it is now recognized and treated as a chronic brain disease often associated with relapses” (p. 349). As a result, when the individual is spotted with drugs several times, but after a relatively long period that cannot be counted as “regular,” they can be determined as drug abusers, but they are not addicted to them. Finally, when it comes to the fundamental difference between drug addiction and non-regular abuse, drug addiction becomes a psychical issue in addition to the physical one. On the other hand, substance abuse involves a determined amount of drug dose that is not influenced by the previous one. After the perception, a person does not physically and mentally want to increase the dose of a drug, which is a true signal for the common drug abuse issue.
The following essay examines and reviews the conclusions drawn by five articles that studied the effect of power and power dispersion on group dynamics. The following five studies were reviewed: Equality versus differentiation: The effects of power dispersion on group interaction (Greer & Van Kleef 2010); Individual expectations for group decision processes: Evidence for overestimation of majority influence (Ladbury & Hinsz 2009) ; The essential tension between leadership and power: When leaders sacrifice group goals for the sake of self-interest (Maner & Mead 2010) ; Group leadership climate and individual organizational commitment (Schyns & Van Veldhoven 2010), and Identity fusion: The interplay of personal and social identities in extreme group behavior (Swann, Seyle, Gomez, Morales & Huici 2009). The goal of this essay is to highlight the main points concluded by each of each article’s particular study, briefly summarize each psychological study, and within those summaries locate and identify common themes that pertain to all of the articles. The essay will conclude with a brief description of the value of this research holds for the field of psychology as well as for the development and enhancement of human interaction within the existing forms of organizational, hierarchical power structure in general. Each study examined one element of power within the hierarchical organization context and studied how power affected a group that had to resolve conflict amongst its members. All of the studies were particularly interested in measuring the effects of power on interactions within the group environment; of particular interest was how effective members of the group with high levels of power within the hierarchical context were at facilitating and securing conflict resolution. Other studies also analyzed the role of the leader within the hierarchical structures; the main question governing this research pertained to leadership style and how its effectiveness or lack thereof contributed to or took away from group interaction and group dynamics. Personal and social realities particular to individual group members also found its way into several of the studies. The most interesting element of these findings as they pertained to personal and social realities was not only their impact on others within the group setting, but also the fact that some of the studies acknowledged that interpersonal dynamics will necessarily affect any group. Before beginning the review of the studies, it is important to clarify the definition of power used as the basis for the studies. As a general rule the definition of power used for each study was understood as the ability to change the emotional, psychological or social state of another human being through any number of means – coercion, competition, perceived power within a structural paradigm, or through shared meanings and goal oriented approaches that are deemed beneficial to the whole. In Equality versus differentiation: The effects of power dispersion on group interaction (Greer & Van Kleef 201
It goes without saying that efficient studying is impossible without a proper studying location. Once having sufficient educational space, one can be certain to develop an efficient lesson plan. Of course, without a proper plan, even a very well-designed educational space will most likely not work; however, when every single element is in its place, it all boils down to whether the educational space is efficient enough. Designing three educational spaces for the students of different age groups, one can possibly show the benefits of a birth-to-eighteen-year-old training for rich parents. The goal of the given project is to define what educational spaces, as well as tools, are most suitable for the students of the age 1–18. As for the scope of the research, it will be necessary to embrace the specifics of the development of the students of specified age. Moreover, the theory of Piaget is going to be used to assess the chosen means in the most appropriate way possible. However, it is worth mentioning that, for a more objective assessment, the theory of Vygotsky is going to be utilized as well. Comparing and contrasting the two approaches, one can possibly come up with the most suitable solution. It is also necessary to touch upon several limitations of the study. First of all, it is obvious that in the given case, the solution is going to be strictly theoretical. Therefore, in practice, the results may possibly deviate from the ones anticipated from the given project. Among the key risks, there is a concern that needs to be mentioned. Since each student is individual, (s)he requires a specific approach, which might not suit the frames of the given research. However, the latter is still going to be aimed at perfecting the studying process, not hindering it. To start with, the group of infants is going to be looked at. It is important to mention that, according to Piaget’s theory, the given group is most likely to display keen abilities in detecting objects and locating them in space. Therefore, the most logical exercise possible for the given age group will be to learn to relate objects to their names, as well as discover certain properties of certain objects. For instance, for a toddler group, it will be a good exercise to learn the properties of the objects of different shapes, i.e., a sphere and a cube. For instance, the following exercise can be suggested: a child will try to roll a ball and then a cube. Finally, the child will be offered either a ball, or a cube to roll. Hence, the child will learn that cube is harder to roll than a ball. Therefore, for the given exercise a ball, a block and a red ribbon for a “finishing tape” must be used. However, it is also worth mentioning that other approaches can be adopted when dealing with the programs for infants. For instance, from Vygrotsky’s point of view, it is crucial that the chi
Introduction Literary works including novels, short stories, narratives, plays and poems provide the reader with lenses through which he/she can see and understand deeply various cultural, social and political aspects of the society, which seem critical to his/her individual and collective well-being. Literary scholars use various literary devices such as literary motifs, an identifiable rule of thumb, allegory, imagery, symbols, a structure or a convention amongst others in order to bring out themes of their writings vividly (Shmoop 66). Arthur Miller’s 1949 play titled “Death of a Salesman” qualifies as a fascinating must-read masterpiece and a perfect reflection of the late 1940’s life circumstances of the main protagonist Willy Loman and his family (Shmoop 3). Its subject centers on the diminishing days of a failing sales clerk. Although many literary devices are evident in the play, this paper narrows down to the use of symbolism, as brought forth in the play. Use of symbolism in the play Use of symbolism is common in virtually all forms of literary works. Death of a Salesman has a good share of symbols, which the playwright uses to communicate the themes of his great work creatively. First, Lomans’ home where the play takes place is symbolic. According to Shmoop, Lomans’ landscape where the play seems restricted is narrow symbolizing both mental and physical limitations of the characters (66). The author contrasts the largely narrow setting of the play with the hugeness of Africa, Alaska, and American West. On the other hand, distant places signify the possibility of something better, freedom and escape (Shmoop 66). For example, Willy Loman’s obsession with faraway lands shows that he prefers a very different livelihood than the one he has now. In fact, even though Willy himself refers New York City as a land of opportunity and success, his admiration of his brother’s ventures and expeditions in distant lands shows that he is not convinced of his claims (Shmoop 66). Furthermore, Ben, Biff and Happy constantly insists that the Lomans better fit into the physical and hard kinds of work, claims backed by their failure as salespersons. The seeds that Willy intends to buy and plant are also symbolic. Apparently, Willy seems perpetually troubled by feelings of inadequacy and confusion (Shmoop 66). He appears certainly worried that just like his father before him, he may prove unable to provide for his sons, let alone raising them well and differently from the way that his father brought him up. Therefore, when he talks of nothing planted lamenting th