ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
With the rapid development of modern technologies, all the spheres of human life are in demand of new tools to facilitate them, and medicine is no exception to the rule. Both caregivers and their patients need to find ways to make the exchange of information easier and the treatment more efficient. Consumer health informatics or CHI provides new solutions for hospitals to manage their activities and give access to the data to all of the treatment participants. However, as in the case of any new field of research, CHI faces numerous challenges comparable to the opportunities it provides for increasing the health of the population as a whole. Consumer Health Informatics and the Challenges of its Implementation The principal task of consumer health informatics is to enable people without medical education to receive reliable information on managing their health. Providing access to personal health records and making information resources available to the consumers contributes to a better understanding of a patient’s conditions and the possible ways to improve them [3]. With the help of the newest technologies, both patients and nurses would be able to communicate more efficiently and find solutions faster than before. Being one of the technologies that can help to solve modern problems in medical treatment, consumer health informatics faces some challenges it has to overcome in the future. First of all, the ability of healthcare providers to accept the new tools does not correspond to the strategic plan of the government on its adaptation [2]. The number of doctors who start to use technology is increasing, but it is still not enough to make a significant difference to the system. There is a need for including the developing technologies into curricula of medical students to make them ready for their use in future practice and making them available to the population regardless of their age, nationality, or social status. Another challenge is in the fact that the participants’ level of literacy does not allow them to benefit from technology usage. “Computer and technology literacy” is becoming the main factor preventing patients from active participation in its development [2]. Young patients that are already computer literate seem to be the only ones who managed to successfully use it, whereas the older generation faces some problems. That is why the priorities of consumer health informaticians lie in addressing inequalities between the patients and maki
How the political machine worked and factors that suppressed this form of urban politics Political machines came about as a result of the poor living conditions amongst the newly immigrated citizens of the cities; this occurred at the beginning of the 1900s. Those immigrants were mostly Irish and had come to the US in search of a better life. What they found was the exact opposite of this. They lived in poverty and were heavily discriminated against. A different category of politicians took control of this situation and promised the immigrants material rewards if they supported them. That strategy proved to be effective because male suffrage had been extended to naturalized citizens. The decision led to the birth of political machines which constituted of a party leader who was almost always the mayor, he was then followed by a ward leader who was in charge of precinct captains. These politicians formed deep relationships with voters through social and economic platforms. They gave them jobs and attended their social functions. At that time, the political machines seemed to be working. When the immigrant populations contributed greatly towards a politicians’ win, then their ward leaders would have a greater number of jobs to distribute to the voters. In other words, they were rewarded for their loyalty through these administrative positions. Precinct captains would be eligible for promotions if they formed coalitions which external neighborhoods. The political machines therefore assimilated immigrants into society while the immigrants gave the politicians votes. Usually, it was the voters who determined who would become a precinct captain by voting. The political machines started getting complacent when they became really powerful. Corruption permeated them and they no longer delivered on the promises that had led to their creation i.e. social mobility. Furthermore, these machines were dominated by immigrants of Irish origin despite the fact that other ethnic groups like the Jews and the Italians were also represented in these cities. The political machines started becoming outdated because it was focusing its efforts on large businesses alone while forgetting the low income earners who had contributed to their success in the first place. In fact, most rewards would be directed to middle class immigrants rather than low class immigrants. Economic mobility started becoming increasingly limited as these political machines were perceived as being too bureaucratic. They were too focused on that ethnic groups and could not advance the needs of other members of the population. Consequently, they started losing their support. At that same time, the government started instated social-economic reforms through trade unions and health risk insurance. As if this was not enough, cities became too congested because of a great influx of immigrants. Older immigrants like the Irish started leaving the cities for rural communities and thus eliminated the bulk of supporters o
Introduction Facebook as an outlet of social media can be a good avenue for marketing the products of a company, but it also comes with several risks. The risks may involve damaging the company’s reputation, brand, or image. The company’s internal information that is sensitive may also end up in the wrong hands. There is also the risk of violating the legal regulations put in place by policymakers. This calls for a need by a company to have in place a competent online marketing manager who will ensure that there is proper management of the risks involved. The four major components of a legally astute social media marketing manager should be monitoring, engaging, managing, and integration (Meyerson, 2010). The components of a legally astute social media marketing manager Monitoring deals with finding out online conversations about the organization. The manager should do his or her best to find out the identities of those commenting or discussing the organization positively and negatively on Facebook. This process will help an organization to come up with an online strategy for marketing. Understanding the underlying subject and the tone of the discussions will help the company adjust to the needs of customers and come up with their best voices in social media. The other important component is engaging. This calls for the social media marketing manager to ensure that his team is always active in conversations with customers, potential customers, and those who influence the business sector. This will make those participating in the conversation to develop better opinions about the company after considering the facts and back up statistics from company experts that they engage within Facebook. The company will maintain its image and even attract more customers while at the same time, driving away any negative perceptions that may have existed as well as improving the organization’s trust (Meyerson, 2014). Managing is the next component.
Introduction Literary dystopia is the use of satire to depict the negative elements that threaten the socio-political harmony in society, as well as its moral norms. In most cases, the dangers facing society are portrayed as the spillovers of man’s present excessive and sometimes coercive efforts, to create an ideal society. In the process of striving towards the achievement of some form of social perfection, he becomes blind to his shortcomings which, instead of liberating society from its ills, plunges it into the abyss of anarchy. Dystopia is the antithesis of utopia since it criticizes the latter’s optimistic view that a perfect society could be achieved. Dystopia argues to the contrary that “man’s inherent flaws hinder the possibility of creating a perfect society, except for that which is imperfect” (Thomas). In this regard, the aim of literary dystopias is to caution and warn society against the blind following of ideologies that lead to the breakdown of social order. For instance, it captures the negative impact that communist policies had on countries that embraced Marxist ideologies from the early 20th century, as portrayed in Gorge Orwell’s Animal Farm . In contemporary times, dystopias portray society’s blindness in the relentless pursuit of technological and economic advancement, which has adverse effects such as the destruction of the ecological systems upon which mankind’s survival depends, and the more serious challenge of global warming. Regardless, societies pay little attention to the downside of their actions. The negative consequences are often dismissed as the collateral damage which is inescapable in the pursuit of progress. This is well depicted in Atwell’s Handmaid’s Tale, when the Commander tells Offred, his sex maid, that “you can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs” (Atwell 73). It portrays and ridicules man’s blind indulgence and excesses that portends doom. This paper examines the use of literary dystopias in George Orwell’s Animal Farm and Margaret Atwell’s Handmaid’s Tale to criticize mankind’s blind optimistic pursuit of success, which causes more harm than good and leads to abuse of power. Animal Farm In Animal Farm , satire is used to criticize dictatorial and totalitarian regimes that oppress the common masses. It is an allusion to the Russian Revolution in the former Soviet Union, which preceded a totalitarian rule under Stalin and his Bolshevik supporters. It is also a critique of Marxist Communism, which failed to bring the aspired changes to the Soviet Union after the revolution. At the character level, it criticizes the various classes and individuals in society for their respective shortcomings. As it happens in most coups, totalitarian governments are always designed for the best interests of the people, primarily to provide an alternative and better leadership. Its original intentions are to end suffering and improve the common man’s standards of living. But due to greed, poor leadership qualities, corruption, mistrust, and poli
Professional Bodies Related to the Profession The profession of an engineering technologist belongs to the number of well-paid jobs that require a wide range of skills and specific knowledge. Speaking about the profession, it needs to be said that such specialists can work in a wide range of industries where it is necessary to apply theoretical concepts and models in order to improve production processes and properly utilize accepted working practices. When it comes to the United Kingdom in general and London in particular, it is necessary to highlight that, due to the high degree of economic development of the country, some numerous institutions and associations discuss, set, and use requirements to engineering technologists and make a contribution to their professional development. Among them, there is the Engineering Council of the United Kingdom that is the institution responsible for accreditation and registration of engineering technologists. Apart from that, the institution conducts consultations concerning the most recent professional standards defining the skills that specialists must demonstrate to obtain official certificates. Due to these consultations, young specialists are provided with all the necessary information helping to achieve professional registration. The information concerning the number of members of the organization is not available. The organization has a significant impact on the engineering profession in London and other cities in the United Kingdom as it sets standards that are used to evaluate the applicants who want to be registered as qualified engineers. Among these standards, there are UK SPEC and ICT Tech that describe communication skills, responsibilities, professional skills, and ethical principles related to the profession. Another institution that regulates the profession in the United Kingdom is the Institution of Engineering and Technology that is headquartered in London. The organization has existed for more than one hundred years. Nowadays, the primary aim of the given organization is to utilize recognized standards related to the profession and consider the applications of specialists who would like to obtain professional registration that provides numerous benefits even outside the United Kingdom. The number of IET members exceeds 160,000 people, and it makes the organization one of the most popular in the country. Acting as a representative of EC that has been mentioned, IET uses the same standards and promotes ethical standards for engineering technologists and other engineering specialists. Besides, it is regarded as an organization that provides training for individuals willing to work in the field. Apart from these two institutions associated with this profession in the United Kingdom, there is the Engineering Technologists’ Mobility Forum what was organized due to the concerted efforts of national organizations in six countries including the United Kingdom. The particular organizations related to this forum provide specialists in engineering technology with the opportunity to obtain professional registration and be recognized by IntET. Using professional and
“Good Country People” by Flannery O’Connor is a story that is full of irony and this irony is achieved by means of the main character, Mrs. Freeman. Moreover, the very title of the story gives the effect of irony. After reading the story, it becomes understandable what the title means in reality and how fully it supports the ironic contest of the story. The irony of the story is introduced by Hulga Hopewell’s attitude to life, being more specific to her faith and pride. As it is seen from the reading, Hulga Hopewell believes only in her wood leg, which she had lost many years ago. Having been named Joy in her birth, she thinks that she does not deserve such a name and begin to call herself Hulga. The culmination of irony is the episode when Hulga’s leg is broken by Manley Pointer, a person from the country around Willohobie. When the leg is broken, Hunga understands that the life was spent in vain, because the only thing she believed in and considered to be the strongest is broken. The title of the story is the irony as not all people from the countryside as so good, as it may seem from the first side. It may be concluded that Hulga’s life was really spent in vain, but not because of her leg broken, but because all her life she believed in nothing and she did not have any aim. The leg cannot be the sense of people’s life as it is just a leg, and people should believe in something more real. Hulga did not have any goal, she did not try to reach something, it may be concluded that she did not live as it is impossible to live without aim and without any interest in life. Hulga just swans in the common flow and without desires and interests in her life, so this may be named the real reason for the vanity of her life. As for me, it is impossible to imagine life without aim or desire as people always want to reach something, they always have the sphere of interests. Works Cited O’Connor, Flannery. A Good Man Is Hard to Find: And Other Stories. New York: Demco Media, 2002
Description of the Disorder Schizophrenia is a severe condition of mind that has symptoms such as poor contact with reality, peculiar behavior, unsystematic speech and thinking, low expression of emotions, and social withdrawal. Although victims of the disorder may not manifest all these symptoms, they have an indication of some of them. Schizophrenia means a ‘split mind’. It is worth noting that schizophrenia doe not result in split personality. Rather, it greatly alters the functioning of the mind. Victims of this personality disorder do not depict double personality. In fact, they may depict some characteristics that are close to those of a mad person (Lemma, 1996). Sometimes, people mistake schizophrenia to insanity. The disease debilitates the lives of victims. Richard and Brahm (2012, p. 758) assert that people who suffer from schizophrenia have difficulties in distinguishing what is real and what is unreal in life, what is logical and illogical, and what is appropriate and inappropriate. Out of these effects, victims are not able to work well. They cannot be in good relationships with others, go to school, and/or take good care of others. The victims are prone to committing suicide. They are also likely to be hospitalized due to personal inflicted injuries and suicidal thoughts. According to Van Dyke (2013, p. 51), there is no cure for the schizophrenia. Therefore, victims experience the disorder for the rest of their life. Treatment is done after a doctor’s interview with the victim. However, treatment only suppresses the symptoms in an effort to enable victims’ to live better lives. This paper seeks to discuss schizophrenia as a personality disorder. How the Disorder Develops According to Van Dyke (2013, p. 51), schizophrenia begins to develop in the early adulthood years of the victim from the age of 15 to 30 years. It is only in very few instances that the disease develops later in life. The initial development of the condition is slow. However, as the victim grows older, the condition develops faster. Victims normally experience a variation of the symptoms over time. Researches indicate that the symptoms may become lesser in later years of the victim. It has also been found that 25% of the victims of schizophrenia become symptom-free later in their lives. Such symptoms of schizophrenia include delusion, hallucinations, uncanny conduct, disorganized communication and thinking, and social withdrawal. Out of these symptoms, the victim develops uncontrolled movement. However, Richard and Brahm (2012, p. 757) observe that the victims do not appreciate that their minds are disrupted. When they depict hallucination symptoms, they have false beliefs in their minds. For example, a victim may believe that he or she is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces in his or her country thus beginning to behave like a person with such a position. In other instances, victims may believe that other people are spying on them, or that other people within their surrounding can ‘hear’ what they are thinking about in any given time. Therefore, the victim may feel insecure or begin to hide or sometimes turn violent to his or her neighbors. Such indiv
The rapid development of information technology has transformed many aspects of our daily lives. One of the areas impacted by this transformation is education. As online education is gaining in popularity and adoption by mainstream institutions, the question of the advantages and shortcomings of this approach is becoming more urgent. While online classes differ from traditional face-to-face ones in terms of flexibility, the amount of social interaction, and the requirements for self-motivation, both online and traditional students are required to manage their time wisely. Online classes are based on cutting-edge technology, which offers significant advantages in terms of flexibility. The learning materials are delivered through the Internet, either in the form of pre-recorded information or via scheduled online sessions. The most obvious advantage of this is that the student, requiring only an internet connection to participate, does not need to go to another location. In some instances, this constitutes a critical advantage. For example, individuals in remote locations are often not able to attend a traditional college, in which case an online course offers a definitive solution. In addition, when the information is pre-recorded, it is possible to schedule the class according to the individual needs of a student. In our increasingly dynamic world, this aspect is becoming especially relevant since it provides an opportunity to organize daily routines in a more efficient manner (Haynie). Thus it can be said that online education’s flexibility offers significant time-saving opportunities. The second aspect that should be addressed is the social interaction involved. Online courses are often perceived as largely lacking in this respect, which is not entirely correct (Page). Many online classes require online discussions, conferences, and team projects. While it is true that in these cases communication occurs in the written form and not in real time, video conferencing is becoming increasingly popular and, in some cases, is encouraged. While this mode of interaction cannot replace live communication, it allows for a more optimal time allocation. Finally, the factor of self-motivation should be taken into consideration. The effectiveness of online education depends primarily on the ability of the student to organize the process. In many cases, despite reliance on numerous time management techniques, the process remains highly inefficient (Cherif et al.). Thus the dependence on self-motivation can be considered the greatest challenge in terms of time management. Traditional education is understandably limited in terms of flexibility. While most institutions offer programs that provide a certain amount of flexibility, the result is still relatively restricted. Thus students often schedule their daily lives based on the specifics of the course they are taking. In other words, a traditional learning environment usually