ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Company Description McDonald’s remains one of the leading players in the fast food industry. The company was started in 1940 by Maurice and Richard McDonald (Anaf, Baum, Fisher, Harris, & Friel, 2017). The company has its presence in over 120 nations. The multinational firm has its headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois. The common products marketed by the firm include chicken, coffee, hamburgers, soft drinks, and milkshakes. The company has managed to market its products to more consumers across the globe. Unfortunately, the World Health Organization (WHO) ranks McDonald’s among the leading firms that market unhealthy food materials (Swana & de Lange, 2015). Statistics have indicated that only 31 percent of the products marketed by McDonald’s are healthy (Anaf et al., 2017). Some of the firm’s major products such as hamburgers have been found to cause obesity in chidlren and adults. Consequently, obesity has remained a major risk factor for diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular complication, and diabetes. Additionally, the firm’s products include a wide range of ingredients that are unhealthy. Some of these include dextrose, sodium acid pyrophosphate, azodicarbonamide, and phosphates (Anaf et al., 2017). These compounds can cause negative health implications. The marketing of some of these products is something that has attracted numerous ethical concerns. For instance, the company has been using ineffective advertising methods to target unsuspecting school-going chidlren. Addition lay, the firm has failed to deliver adequate messages to the consumers in order to understand the health implications of such food materials (Franck, Grandi, & Eisenberg, 2013). The company’s website also indicates that the marketed products are usually healthy. These issues have led to a major ethical dilemma that should be addressed immediately. Perception of MacDonald’s Foods within Cultures McDonald’s remains one of the formidable competitors in the United States’ food sector. It is agreeable that chidlren and adults appear to embrace most of its brands. However, some nutritionists and policymakers have continued to present their opinions against the company’s food materials. Specific populations at risk of certain diseases such as obesity have also been unhappy with the company’s products (Dizon et al., 2015). Chidlren below the age of eighteen and their mother
Introduction The criminal law has precise rules of the legal course of action which vary from one country to another – these laws are made to enable the police and prosecutors to take into custody and send down as many people as possible while at the same time drawing outlines of the legal protection of the convicted. In order to achieve this task, the police have designed very distinctive encounters with the citizens to weed out the lawbreakers or those who may assist in their identification. The following encounters have been described. Consensual Interviews A consensual interview occurs when a police officer solicits voluntary collaboration with citizens through asking no-coercive or non-intrusive questions. These encounters rarely end up in seizures. Consensual interviews are different from detentions in that, they require no profound suspicion that a suspect in question is about to involve in committing a serious offense or has done it. A consensual interview can escalate into an investigatory stop or continue approaching some suspect in tea accordance with their mode of conduct Investigatory Stops The investigation involves the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically to come up with conclusive results about cause and reason. Investigatory stops are arrests that implicate lawful protections. Arrests Arrests and Investigatory stops are acceptable by rational and practical distrust of criminal involvements as compared to lawful arrests which usually require probable reason and cause. Investigatory stops are less intrusive as compared to arrests and at times is legally demanded that reason, it be supported through an appreciable level of intention justification and assigned logical suspicion. Detention is not just affected by confronting someone wherever they are. Even when there isn’t any particular wariness, a police officer can approach someone and interrogate them– provided they do not tempt cooperation by coercive means. This does not imply that a person is obliged to answer the questions; because still, he can, without reasonable suspicion, go his way. In ascertaining whether an encounter was consensual or detention, the meticulous focus is paid to the threatening and coercive conduct of the officers. Situations that prompt seizure might include: the presence of multiple officers, an officer’s display of weaponry, some physical touching of the suspect, rather the employment of language and voice signaling cooperation with the officer might be duty-bound. If it is detention, the probable and appropriate cause is always required. Police detentions may become custodial and will entail credible reason when the confinement becomes coercive to the degree that it functions as a seizure. The aspect used to settle on whether the detention results in arrest include: whether the suspect was ferried without his wish, the basis and length the detention; its location; how far; whether there were the application of control were; whether the police official intended to or actually used force and finally the investigat
Introduction In the 17 th and 18 th century, France claimed and controlled vast regions in North America. For instance, according to Barker, approximately 70,000 French speaking nationality based in what is currently the province of Quebec kept more than 1,000,000 British subjects confined to the Atlantic seaside from Florida to Maine. 1 France also claimed more than 15 states in the current United States including the State of Michigan. France is a major part of the North American history as it is central to the struggle for control of land and other resources by France, Britain, and Native Americans, which eventually led to one of the greatest wars in North America. Despite the vast knowledge that exists about New France, very little information is available on everyday lives of people, especially women. Native Women in New France Native women lived mainly along the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes river system and had been North American inhabitants of North America for thousands of years before the French and Britain explorers set foot on the continent as Lozanski confirms. 2 The lifestyle of many Native American women is not well known although unlike their European counterparts, they had more independence in the society. In addition to the normal child bearing and household economic practices, they had political power and participated in electing village and tribal leaders. European Women in New France The lives of European and Native American women were shaped by the legal, cultural, and religious values that the society of the time held. It is common for people to view the lives of French women in New France as replicas of their counterparts in Old France. However, as Dawdy asserts, such an argument is far from the truth and it is worth noting that although the French women in New France borrowed from their lifestyle from France, they had unique lifestyle behaviors and concepts that made them unique and different from their counterparts back in Europe. 3 For example, Brazeau says that women in New France were fewer and that they were married at an early age as compared to those in Europe. 4 Further, because of their fewer numbers, women in New France acquired a higher status and level of importance than in France. In the Old France, women were required to join religious orders where they would tend to the sick and provide education services. However, since women were fewer in New France, women especially nun were vital individuals in the education of the locals and other migrants and hence were more involved in community activities that in France since their services were more needed in the new territory. Women were also involved in providing nursing services in hospitals th
Introduction Insurance business in Hong Kong is thriving, showing a stable increase in revenues throughout the past several years. For instance, according to the Legislative Council Secretariat Research Office (LCS Research Office 2019), the market has grown by 34% in the previous year. There are 161 authorised insurers, and more than 100,000 insurance agents (LCS Research Office 2019), which makes the competition quite tense. Therefore, insurance companies are to utilise every possibility to provide the best quality of service and acquire a competitive advantage. According to Pratiwi and Wendri (2019), a neat and modern central office can positively influence customer satisfaction. Moreover, a comfortable and well-equipped workplace, which can be easily reached by public transportation is of extreme importance for employee satisfaction (Leder et al. 2016). Considering all the reasons mentioned above, Company A, a prosperous insurance company situated in Hong Kong, decided to move the entire sales and marketing team (SMT) to a new building in the Central Business district area. The SMT consists of 500 employees with 250 of them being sales consultants in different levels, including financial consultants, senior financial consultants, managers, a director and a vice president. The other teams are product development, analysis team, events team, and administration team. All the departments have their directors, which report to the vice president. The current office occupied by the SMT can no longer support the extended number of employees due to the lack of offices, cubicles, conference rooms, and bathrooms. Moreover, the furniture is old and of varying design. Customer and employee surveys revealed that the current location of the office is not convenient due to inadequate access to public transportation. The present report offers a project plan for moving the SMT to a new building. It identifies the scope of the project, provides a statement of work (SOW), work breakdown structure (WBS), and estimates the time and cost of all the subtasks. The report also gives recommendations for assembling a capable project team, assesses
Introduction Hospitality industry, like any other industry, is greatly dependent on the outside environment this is why its concern with certain environmental issues is natural. Lately, the constituents of the hospitality industry demonstrated a clear understanding “that environment sustainability is a matter of necessity” (Parida and Mishra 2004, p.34) and that environment has a profound effect on the functioning of this industry. Hospitality industry is the one which uses such resources as energy and water to the biggest extent (Lockyer 2007). This makes saving of energy and water resources the first environmental issue which has influence on the hospitality industry. Another issue is water and air pollution. Since some sectors of hospitality industry are closely connected with recreation and health improvement (Fasulo and Walker 2007), quality of water and air are vital for it. They are directly connected with meeting the demands of the customers and obtaining the expected profit. These environmental issues affect lives of people worldwide because they have not only economical, but social and cultural implications as well. Saving energy and water resources is necessary for the hospitality industry, because these are the resources which it utilizes the most. Fighting with water and air pollution, as well as observing the standards of drinking water supply are vital for proper functioning of this industry and health of the consumers. These environmental issues have numerous social and cultural implications which increase their importance. Discussion To begin with, saving of energy and water resources is one of the most vital issues in the hospitality industry. The matter is that saving of resources influences directly the welfare of the hospitality industry. This especially concerns energy resources. Hospitality industry consumes a great amount of energy, “because it is a diverse industry, a large proportion of which is devoted to servicing the needs of other industries such as the welfare and industrial sectors” (Webster 2000, p.61) Hospitality industry may be characterized by an incessant operation, which means that its sectors function all the year round. This is why saving energy each day will influence greatly the overall results of saving of energy resources during the year. This task is rather challenging for the hospitality industry management, because it involves a number of activities which they will have to be in charge of. The management should take into account a wide range of factors which the amount of energy consumed by any sector of the industry depends on. The most significant factors are “the size and location of the building, the specifications to which it has been built, the heating and lighting systems that it employs, and th
Introduction Health promotion practitioners are delegated with the task of reviewing the healthcare needs of society. The Australian government has developed various health care programs in response to recommendations by various health promotion programs, and there is still a need for the government to develop other programs to enhance the wellness of the people. While most of the health care programs implemented by the government are preventive in nature, there are also programs providing treatment for various illnesses. Some of the challenges that lead to the failure in health promotion programs are lack of collaboration between various government institutions and poor implementation policies. There is also a need for the programs to target the right people and use the most viable channels to promote the programs among the people in the community. The sustainability of the programs designed to promote health in society depends on the feasibility of the holistic approaches used by the government and the private institutions. This paper looks into the current community and national healthcare issues with relation to the programs developed by the government to tackle the issues and their effectiveness in eliminating the problems. The ability to plan and evaluate health promotion programs, and to manage health promotion programs successfully, are important skills for health promotion practitioners. Current community and national health problems One of the prevailing issues among the Australian people with reference to health care is tobacco smoking among the member of society. The Australian government started developing intervention programs to sensitise people against tobacco smoking. The main reason for the development of the campaign against smoking in Australia is to attempt to reduce the number of smoking-related illnesses like cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Over the past decade, the Australian healthcare system has witnessed a drastic increase in the number of cancer cases diagnosed in healthcare facilities. Tobacco smoking is attributed to a large percentage of the increase in lung cancer in the nation, and the government has enhanced its campaign to sensitise the people about the risks of tobacco smoking. The campaign against tobacco smoking has managed to lower the rate of smoking among the females in the nation, but it is yet to make a significant contribution in reducing the number of male smokers in the nation. 2013 national smoking statistics reveal that while the female smokers in the nation have reduced from 21.2% in 2001 to 16.3% in 2012. Their male counterparts moved from 27.2% to 20.4% over the same period (Smoking, 2013). The Australian government funds health promotion programs through the health care system and other government institutions. The core business in the national tobacco program is to reduce the number of smokers in society, and the promoters have traditionally used three approaches to sensitise the people. First, the program provides information on why people should quit smoking tobacco. In this process, the concerned institutions develop campaigns to warn people about
The current economical situation in the world experiences sharp financial recession caused by the rapid economic downturn. Numerous countries all over the world suffer inner instability; such a situation resulted in global inflation, high oil and food prices, a credit crisis, and high costs for energy. The consequences caused by the economic crisis and financial instability cover all spheres of human activities. The events of the current world economic situation can be perceived through the Enron debacle described in the movie “The Smartest Guys in the Room”. “The Smartest Guys in the Room” is considered to be a documentary film based on the criminal business scandal widely known in American history. The movie is merely concentrated on the Enron Corporation collapse which led to criminal trials of top company’s executives. The film disclosed the Enron traders’ involvement in the electricity crisis of California. The analysis of the documentary film allows evaluating the business problems culminating in corporation bankruptcy. The main issues of the movie are the disclosure of major motivating mechanisms of corporate culture:   * Milgram Experiment;   * Vitality curve; Speaking about the vitality curve it should be noted that the introduction of this business idea is aimed at constant competition between the company employees. The example of this method was demonstrated at the Enron Corporation. The company had to hire new and new staff for a long period; it was connected with the fact that employees were constantly fired for no making 1000 times more of their work volume. The atmosphere of constant competition disregarded the law causing people to even break the law (Enron: “The Smartest Guys in the Room”, 2008). The introduction of the Milgram experiment meant the usage of social psychological factors in the working process. This meant that employees had strictly obeyed the top executors and managers instructing people to perform the work which contradicted their personal conscience and conflicted with their individual understanding of the principles of work. Complete obedience to the authority of the company was fulfilled through the destruction of one’s own principles. Enron Corporation used this methodic in order to get perfect business results and profound subordination. People of the company were completely aware of their lies and criminal actions; nevertheless, they obeyed as it was the requirement of authorities. Both methods were used to maximize corporate profits whatever the cost. The movie focused on the well-known Milgram experiment of 1963 in order to show how the psyche state of people influences the quality of work and what grade of obedience the authority could reach through such aspect (Ebert, 2005). Besides “The Smartest Guys in the Room” discloses the process of electricity transference from California in order to supply it to numerous states with a
Introduction The media has become one of the most used tools of influence in many democratic processes to inspire the public and dictate the behavior of candidates and voters. Studies indicate that the media has been a reliable source of information that has provided citizens with information they require in order to make independent and well informed decisions especially on matters of political democracy and choice of leadership. However Kramer points out that in the 2008 general election campaigns for presidential and primary nominations positions in the United States of America proved that the media today has shifted from being mere custodian of facts they were once known to be, to purveyors of misinformation and unbalanced media coverage (208). As this paper examines, the media did not just heighten campaign knowledge among the American public. It also played a major role in influencing the outcome of the United States general elections in 2008. It is on this front that this paper intrinsically evaluates the United States 2008 election campaigns, analyses the candidates’ use of media during the campaign processes and the role of media in influencing election results. The media and the US presidential candidates in 2008 Bignon and Miscio indicate that the 2008 presidential general elections saw significant criticisms leveled against the media for their predisposition in presidential and primary candidates’ coverage (385). An example of criticism was that which was leveled against the NBC News by Tim Russert in which the questions that Obama and Hilary were asked were disproportionate in the sense that Hilary, the then democratic presidential contender received very tough questions while Obama’s questions were simpler. Some of the harassing questions during that news interview included those asking Hilary to provide the name of the newly elected Russian president, and whether she supported the move to have illegal immigrants given driver’s license. As a matter of fact, this was seemingly an open bias against the female candidate. Worse still, it may have portrayed a negative image of Hillary as a leader who is not sharp enough in terms of the on-going global politics. Reports from Pew Research Centre in US provide an in-depth profile on the role of media influence and indicate that during the 2008 presidential campaigns, many journalists and media outlets were bent on seeing that Barrack Obama won the election (Robbins 52). Certain opinion polls also indicate that Obama had a strong support of about 70% registered voters compared to John McCain’s 9% (Dubriwny 507). Similar reports analyzing media influence pilloried on the role of media in 2008, and posit that media coverage in terms of news was unfair since its coverage for McCain was 30% while that for Obama was 67% (Dubriwny 507). Figure 1: Figure showing media coverage for different candidates Source: An FAQ for the 2008 US Presidential Election . Web. Media Coverage of female candidates Evidences of sex
We all know that the first impressions are the most lasting and that we start to greet people according to their clothes. Still, some believe that such evaluation is wrong, but the things we wear are not trifles. Looking at them, one can describe a person, his or her life and character very exact. It is commonly believed that fashion is built on a particular iconic concept that stays unchangeable while everything else is variable. A little black dress is one of them, it is said to be a necessity of every woman (“A Little Black Dress”). It was in fashion for a long time and seems to remain forever. That is why I have chosen it; this dress gives me an opportunity to keep up with the fashion easily. There is a huge number of its types, so it is possible to find the one that will suit a particular person. It can be low-necked or shoulderless, with sleeves or without, open at the neck or high-necked, with a cutout back or with back-zipper (Gessner par. 2). I have taken the one that accentuates my figure and draws people’s attention away from some parts of my body that I want to improve. The belt on the waist also makes me look slim. Moreover, one and the same dress can look appropriate for different