ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ethics refers to a code of conduct that defines how individuals should behave or interact with others and the surrounding environment (MacKinnon 15). The code of conduct is informed by the principles of right (good) and wrong (evil). Engaging in ethical behavior involves making a choice between what is deemed to be right or wrong. An ethical individual must be able to distinguish right from wrong, as well as, good from evil. Furthermore, the individual must make a commitment to do only what is right or good (MacKinnon 18). Making ethical decisions is often difficult due to the values and attitudes that are held by individuals. Moreover, the professional, economic and social contexts in which a person operates can challenge his ability to pursue ethical goals. In this paper, a distinction will be made between right and wrong behaviors in the context of land usage. This distinction will be underpinned by the premise that an ethical individual must do what is right to do rather than what he has a right to do. Land Use Behavior In most communities, individuals have competing values that create difficulties and contentions in the process of making land use decisions. Generally, land ethic is used as a principle for prioritizing the possible uses of the available land. Concisely, it helps community members and decision-makers to select the right land use behaviors. In this regard, we can identify what is right or wrong in regard to land use by considering the following principles. First, protecting the interests of the less fortunate in the community should be the main objective of land use policies. According to the principle of distributive justice, each member of the community should have access to a piece of land (MacKinnon 78). In the contrary, the rich tends to be the owners of large tracks of land, whereas the poor are usually squatters in most societies. In this regard, owning large tracks of land is wrong if such ownership denies majority of the community members the opportunity to acquire a piece of land. This is because the ownership serves self interest at the expense of the society. Sharing the piece of land with other community members through mechanisms such as selling or nationalization will be the right behavior. For instance, in Zimbabwe the government nationalized part of the land that was owned by white settlers in order to resettle its citizens. This decision was justified by the fact that most citizens were squatters, whereas the white settlers owned over 60% of the country’s land. Hence, the government’s objective was to ensure distributive justice in land use. Second, land use policy must focus on protecting individuals’ right to a clean environment, as well as, preservation of natural ecosystems. This objective is yet to be achieved in most
Background In this paper, the focus is on the digital transformation in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This is seen as a pathway to the achievement of sustainability development goals (SDGs). The discussion presented adopts a sustainability perspective. The definition for the term sustainability is the efforts to reduce the environmental and other risks that seriously jeopardize the human species and to ensure the survival of future generations (Geissdoerfer, et al., 2017). In the UAE, technological advances are spearheaded by the government. Investments through UAE’s digital hubs such as Dubai as seen the region achieve remarkable success in the digitization efforts. The figure above summarizes the current trends and interests in digital transformation in the UAE (Business Transformation, 2019). The graph indicates the major areas of concern among the UAE citizens. It presents evidence that the UAE population is willing to embrace the changes. Their interest in technological changes highlights the areas with which they are most concerned. These areas are digital security and digital marketing showing a mix of both precaution and innovation. The pioneers of digital transformation in the UAE need, therefore, to assure the residents that they can benefit from the change and those precautions are taken to protect their interests. Issues like privacy and security are the major determinants of successful implementation of the digital transformation. Impacts of COVID-19 To start the discussion about digital transformation in the UAE, it is important to acknowledge that COVID-19 has shown why digitization is vital. The pandemic has forced world economies to a standstill due to the disruptions of economic activities. Other effects felt in the UAE and across the world include lockdowns and social distancing. All aspects of human life, including education and healthcare, have had to adapt, showing how the post-COVID-19 world will look like. The UAE has had to fast-track the pursuit of 2030 digital goals to try and achieve them in 2020 (Nair, 2020). Businesses and other public services such as health and education are adversely affected. This means there is a need to create a future that prevents such levels of vulnerability is to be avoided. New policies are needed to facilitate recovery from the pandemic. Education is one of the major considerations in both the SDGs and UAE’s digital transformation. COVID-19 has led to the closure of schools meaning the country has to halt the implementation of education policies. New methodologies and approaches are emerging in education, including online classes and virtual reality. Emerging literature on the innovative technologies for deployment in schools includes 4IR, a synonym for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 4IR is defined as the cyber-physical systems that involve wholly new capabilities for people and machines (Mhlanga and Moloi, 2020). Current Policies and Digital Optimization The current policies in UAE have been founded on a number of
Reading about state constitutions in the Republican Experiments section of Chapter 8 was eye-opening. It set me thinking of how reluctantly people in the mass change their worldviews. Actually, I have known that “the new state constitutions retained the basic form of their old colonial governments” [See US: A Narrative History, p. 129]. However, this fact looks particularly frustrating in the background of development and reformation described in the chapter. Another thing that impressed me was the upsetting conflicts between the newly created states, “as if foreign intrigues were not divisive enough” [See US: A Narrative History, p. 132]. Although I have always realized that boundary demarcation can hardly go smoothly, it is painful to read that people theoretically united by a common goal had conflicts about territory. I consider such disputes not simply senseless, but harmful as they put solidarity and further development at risk. On the contrary, I was pleased to read the section under the title “Republican Society” that describes new men as well as women of the revolution. I particularly agree with Benjamin Rush’s statement that “only educated and independent-minded women could raise the informed and self-reliant citizens” [See US: A Narrative History, p. 138]. It was a welcome surprise for me to learn that the first steps towards female emancipation in the USA had been made as early as the turn of the nineteenth century. The final section entitled “From Confederation to Constitution” is cheering and motivating due to the display of the results persistence bears. “As the heatwave broke, so did the political stalemate,” and the Constitution was signed and passed [See US: A Narrative History, p. 141]. Also, the section provides useful detail I have never been aware of regarding how the supreme law would be possible to change. Reference Davidson, J. W., DeLay, B., Hermann, Ch. L., & Lytle, M. H. (2018). U.S.: A narrative history (8 th ed.). (Vol. 1: To 1877). McGraw-Hill Education.
My Interest in the Subject As far as theology is concerned, it is of paramount importance to learn and be informed about the past, knowing how the then people believed in the traditional activities. Therefore, since my early childhood, I have yeaned to pursue a course in theology and religious studies to build a strong foundation of understanding how the things people believe in came to be. I was particularly interested in studying Siddhartha Gautama to find out why he is recognized and respected in the Buddhist religion. Furthermore, I became interested in this study because I really wanted to acquaint myself with his historical background and where he gained his respect and powers and how he came to be an important icon in the Buddhism faith. Therefore, there are many reasons that pushed me to have interest in this study. Apart form the above, I wanted to gain information to act as a teacher by informing other people about the person airing out their doubts so that they are able to get the real facts about who Siddhartha Gautama was and why he was a prominent person in the Buddhism religion. Conducting of the Research There exist various researches, which one can use to gather information about various issues, which seem difficult to understand about this subject. In this case, I used various kinds of methods in gathering my information. To get accurate information concerning Gautama Siddhartha as well as his origin, I used secondary data as my first source. In this method, I gathered information from the previous work done by early researchers about Gautama Siddhartha. For instance, I visited libraries specifically the section of religious studies and theology. I searched various books of theology that talk about the Buddhism. From them, I was able to get some information about him: how he came about, his life history, how he grew and became a holy respected person in the Buddhism faith. Furthermore, I also went to the archives and studied on the historical information about the religion and theology. I was in a position to gather vital information about him. Furthermore, I also went through periodicals and encyclopedias, which provided me with more information. The internet too provided me with a lot of information about Gautama. There were various sites on the web, which had information about Siddhartha Gautama. For instance, I was able to get more information about his history. This title referred to as Buddha in the Buddhism context awakened or rather enlightened me on the origin of Buddhism as among the various religions. This information appeared in various sites on the internet and from reading a variety of books and archives about religion and theology. Apart from secondary data, more information was also obtained from primary sources for instance, through interviews with some of the old people of the Buddhism society, who had information about who the person was and what the meaning of the title was and how he was seen in the Buddhism religion. After receiving information from the varied sources, I combined and synthesized it. This information from the researches was able to provide me with a broad insight about ho
Abstract Physical processes mediating movement of nutrients in marine ecosystems may be studied using a variety of methods. The aim of this experiment was to determine the proportion of organic matter in sediments collected from the mangrove forest (M), the salt marsh(SM) and the sandy beach (SB) using loss on ignition (LOI) method and interpret the pattern of data obtained relative to biological and physical differences in the three habitats. Duplicate samples were collected from each habitat and analyzed for % organic content. It was found that samples from salt marshes had more % organic content, followed by mangroves and finally sandy beach. Introduction Sediments contain organic materials such as sugars, peptides, and lipids, among others (Graham and Longmore par. 4). They are an important source of recycled nutrients, food, and energy in marine ecosystems. The “capacity of wetlands to sequester and store carbon” has provided important conservation value in a period when these unique ecosystems have become increasingly vulnerable to climatic changes due to human activities (Chmura and Hung 74). = An accurate measurement of percentage organic matter levels is important to detect changes in carbon (and other nutrients) cycling in the ecosystem. The measurement of percentage organic content by loss on ignition is quick, cheap, and relatively accurate and is subject to limited interference from inorganic carbon. This lab report describes the results of an experiment quantifying the percentage organic content in samples drawn from Mangrove, Salty Marsh, and Sandy Beach locations. Materials and Methods We collected duplicate samples from each of the M, SM and SB locations. One of the two samples was treated with 1M HCL and the other unaltered. All the samples were then dried at a temperature of 105 o C to remove all moisture content and then each sample ground in a clean mortar and pestle to a fine powder. We measured about 1g of the dry samples (W s ) into pre-weighed crucibles (W c ). The crucibles were then labeled on the bottom using a pencil. The samples were heated in the muffle furnace at 550 o C for 1.5 hours, cooled and then weighed immediately. The final weight (W f ) of the crucible and sample were recorded. From the weights recorded, we calculated the % organic content of the sediment sample using the formula: Results HABITAT            MANGROVE            SALTY MARSH  SANDY BEACH MEAN % CONTENT     4.52                2.49         7.01         2.86      0.81      0.64     STANDARD DEVIATION 2.503193            1.903207     3.075878     2.987307  0.498591  0.325054 VARIANCE           6.265973
Most vocabularies define “implications” as events that may happen in the future as the result of some prior action (“Implication” par. 1). Analyzing the implications of texts, speeches, and events is crucial to understanding the core motives behind them. Many readers and viewers do not bother looking beyond what is written in the newspaper or spoken on TV. However, being able to do so develops critical thinking and analytical skills that are important for everyone. This paper will analyze the implications of two political articles. We the People. The Weekly Standard – Argument and Implications An article from The Weekly Standard called “We, the People” suggests that Congress should consider the Constitution every time its members seek to pass a bill. The members would be expected to name a particular section of the document that grants them the authority to pass such a bill. The author of the article views this requirement in a positive light, as it would give the Republican Party the tools to oppose the Affordable Care Act, which they view as unconstitutional (Eastland 7). The implications of the article, however, are different. Right now, the Supreme Court has the authority to decide whether a law is constitutional or not. The article implies that this authority should be taken away from the Supreme Court and given instead to Congress. That way, whoever holds the majority in Congress would be able to block any law, under the guise of it being “unconstitutional.” Surveillance: Cozy or Chilling? The New York Times – Argument and Implications The second article, found in The New York Times, considers the issue of the protection of privacy in the age of smartphones, computers, and the internet. The article puts forth an argument that digital surveillance violates the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution (“Fourth Amendment” par. 1). The article itself is made to look argumentative. However, the opposition, while present, is represented by a straw man point of view. Because the opposing arguments are simple and easy to debunk or ridicule, the argument looks somewhat one-sided (Cohen 6). The implications of this article are far-reaching. The Supreme Court has ruled out that in order to take away and inspect a person’s cellphone, computer, or any other device that contains digital information, the police must have a warrant. This ruling creates a precedent and a benchmark for the protection of personal privacy in the United States in the 21st century (Rotenberg par. 1). Responses to peers I largely agree with the first opinion presented to me, as we share common ground rega
Introduction In the beginning of 2007, the United States of America woke up to the financial crisis caused by the events in its housing market. This rapidly spread to other major world economies due to the international interbank relations that included interbank lending and so on. Major financial institutions failed the financial stress test and this led to a widespread panic among many firms. Smaller economies such as African countries and some Asian economies also felt the impact of the financial crisis and this led to a decrease in their economic growth rates (Economic Commision for Africa 3). This paper discusses the problem created by the global financial crisis and assesses the viability of the courses of actions taken to counter the problem. Issues caused by the financial crisis The financial crisis pains were felt in practically all countries of the world. International financial sector was temporarily thrown into chaos as there was a breakdown of trust among many financial sector players. This resulted in a complete freezing of interbank lending which subsequently forced a collapse in the global securities exchange. The crisis also meant that developing countries’ economies recorded a negative growth. The growing economies’ stock market’s volatility went high and this resulted in significant loss of wealth in their stock markets. The crisis also caused a huge decline in the commodity prices of goods exported to the major economies such as Europe and America. The volume of Africa’s exports also went down because of the crisis. This was caused by retarded growth of the major export markets i.e. China, Europe, and the United States of America. This slow pace their economic growth meant that the demand for Africa’s exports went down resulting to African countries becoming net importers. Action plans to tackle the effects of the crisis Many countries have taken measures that are aimed at cushioning their economies against the negative effects of the global financial crisis. Monetary and fiscal policies have been the most common approaches among many countries in trying to reduce the negative effects of the financial crisis (Michael 28). Countries have moved to recapitalize financial institutions. This is aimed at ensuring that the financial institutions’ financial positions are strong to withstand liquidity problems. Some countries have enacted regulations that are aimed at doubling and even tripling the minimum capital requirement for financial institutions such as banks. This ensures that the banks financial positions with regard to liquidity are at a secure level. The governments’ measures taken to curb the adverse effects of the crisis through monetary policies have however been largely criticized as non visionary steps that are aimed at saving current situatio
Introduction The profession of a nurse requires many skills from various fields. One of the most important of these areas is management as nurses are continually working in a team and performing different types of tasks. There are several different types of management, and the main ones are transformational, transactional, and Laissez-Faire styles. The purpose of this paper is to present the review of my results of the UK Foundation of Nursing Leadership assessment provided with personal comments. Feeling of Contradiction I experienced an absolute contradiction when I received the results of evaluating leadership styles. I agree that my prevailing leadership direction is a transformational style that is 73 points. Researchers (1) argue that transformational style management contributes to the highest organizational commitment. Moreover, I am a tissue viability nurse doing bridging from Diploma to Bachelor, so I have developed skills to work with highly qualified specialists who often know their objectives and carry out tasks independently. However, I was surprised that the result of the Laissez-faire leadership style was a small number of points. Transactional leadership totals, which are 54 points, also sparked conflicting thoughts. Despite the highest rating in Contingent Reward, active management by exception is low. It can be said that there is a need for leadership skills development in terms of both active and passive categories of management by exception. Further Disagreement I’m afraid I have to disagree with the assessment of the personal Laissez-faire leadership style, which resulted in 16 points. To be more precise, my disagreement is the Laissez-Faire (LF) parameter. This item is in many respects similar to the transformational style because its core is the empowerment of colleagues. The principle of empowerment is, in many ways, similar to laissez-faire leadership (2). I believe that my laissez-faire skills are much more developed. Conclusion This work is a review of personal comments of the UK Foundation of Nursing Leadership assessment’s results. This essay contains personal reactions and emotions associated with the totals. It also presents the analysis of correct and incorrect figures. It is safe to say that this assessment aroused conflicting feelings. After exploring this topic of leadership types in more detail, some disagreement was confirmed by data from academic sources.
In the original play The Taming of The Shrew , William Shakespeare unfolds how Lucentio fell in love with Bianca but could not court her until her shrewish elder sister Katherina married. Later, the eccentric Petruccio moved in with the hesitant Katherina and employed different strategies to make her an obedient partner. Lucentio married Bianca, and in the end, Katherina proved to be the most obedient wife. There is numerous new film adaptation of this provocative comedy. One of such versions is the 10 Things I Hate About You shot in 1999. Although this version is based on Shakespeare’s comedy, it differs considerably on language. The 1999 film version was a true match of the original as it adapts Shakespeare’s play and uses secondary school context. A few characters were changed, but the plot of the film remains the same as the play. The new update borrows heavily from Shakespeare’s mockery about the discourteous young beautiful woman and the old man who attempted to win her. Stratford is a grumpy, hostile character who has a blistering word for everyone; her brilliant younger sister Bianca is poised for his prominence. At the same time, her paranoid and overprotective father refuses to let Bianca court until Stratford does. Upon realizing that Cameron, Bianca’s pining suitor, was aware of this top-secret, he employs the furtive Verona through Donner to spoil their courtship. What started as a joke eventually materialized as Verona discovered that underneath her fragile exterior at 10 Things I Hate About You lies true love. Although this adaptation of Shakespeare’s playwright started as a comedy, it ended in a tragedy, the same way the original version does. Despite the similarities in the original and the new version of Shakespeare’s playwright, they differed remarkably in language. The former version used Elizabethan English, while its updated form applied modern language. This improved copy works best with modern audiences; it allows a modern audience to view Shakespeare differently. It is needless to consult the English-Elizabethan dictionary to understand most of the words when viewing the modern version. Even though these films varied remarkably, they both have a common theme, which indicates the extent to which diversification of Shakespeare’s artwork can be transverse by different eras and generations.