ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Efficient organizational systems of education are some of the strong pillars that characterize the ability of an organizational structure to function effectively and make proper decisions. Studies indicate that educational departments that are well established with functional educations structure have enhanced performance and an excellent platform for success. Individuals seeking to assume leadership positions in an education department must understand the governance structure of the organization they are going into as well as the state in which an organization is located since these play a pivotal role of determining how effective their performance will be. Besides, an organization in a good setting will be effective in decision making and organizational functioning. Productivity enhancement of many employees and organizations in the higher education sector is normally affected by various factors in the environment. Waller, Coble, Scharer and Giamportone (2000) argue that location and environment in which an organization is located may impact on decision-making processes and organizational functions. These conditions may include work policies, internal work environment as well as external environment, which may provide unfavorable conditions that may hamper labor productivity. As such, in selecting the location to work in, I chose California since its government at both state and federal levels has updated infrastructural facilities, education structures and improved work environment to ensure productivity is enhanced. In California, community college districts totals to 72 with about 112 community colleges that form the California Community College System (CCCS) (North Carolina Center for Public Policy Research, 2012). California higher education system is the largest in the world with about three million students. The system of administration in California is effectively led by the Chancellors office, which plays key roles of allocating to the system state funding for technical organizational assistance and leadership functions in the college. Besides, the local authority under the Education Code controls community college districts. The importance of such a system is that decision-making processes become simple and the availability of funds makes organizational operations smooth. The California Community College System is a structure which is governed by a Board of Governors comprised of 17 board members whose duties are to fully represent students, the faculty and the public (North Carolina Center for Public Policy Research, 2012, p. 1). In addition, the Governor of California has appointed a group of classified employees to assist board members. It is
Rawls discusses in length the primary good in Section 15, Chapter 2 of his book. This is in response to Utilitarianism theory, which many known scholars have argued that it maximizes happiness (Rawls 78). Rawls disagrees with this theory as envisaged in this chapter of his book by arguing that it is impossible to measure happiness. He is therefore quick to point out that his theory of Justice and Fairness will not attempt to measure happiness by dividing it (Rawls 79). In its place, he suggests that the primary goods like political power should be divided in place of happiness. The primary social and natural goods have been divided into three classes (Rawls 80). The first class is the Liberties and Basic rights which are social goods. These are freedoms protected in the Bill of Rights such as the Freedom of conscience, religion and speech. The other class of social goods comprises the non-basic rights mostly associated with the political positions in the society. Examples of this class include the power of a judge to sit and preside over cases or even the power to vote by a congress man. The last class of the primary natural goods is that of income of wealth. According to Rawls’ theory on division, the primary goods should be divided and distributed to different principles. The first principle applies to the primary social goods belonging to the Bill of Rights category while the second principle belongs to the other two categories of the primary goods (Rawls 80). The primary goods are believed to be strongly associated to the welfare such that by dividing up the primary goods, it would mean integrating happiness without dividing it up. Further to this belief, the primary goods act as the utmost goals a rational man would want to achieve. Natural and Social Contingencies Rawls attempt to elaborate the distributive justice theory which he argues that the negotiators in the political associations should be viewed as conducting their business behind what he calls ‘veil of ignorance.’ (Rawls 118). This is because they lack knowledge of one’s life condition which includes talents, sex, race and other social and natural contingencies (Rawls 119). They tend to work on assumption the circumstance of justice facing the society yet they do not have the exact information on the laws and theories about political affairs and human social and economic principles (Rawls 120). Rawls argues that equality in democracy only mitigates but can not take away what he calls moral arbitrariness. Rawls gives suggestions to principles that he seems will act as key determinants to equality (Rawls 121). Talents search would be a better way to judge people for job opportunities and not through irrelevant ways like courses undertaken or gender. This would serve as an equality principle in arbitration. Rawls is of the opinion that if class background is used, then public education would be the best form to eliminate inequality and its effects on class background and race (Rawls 121). It can further be argued that other social contingencies like class position can not serve as the only determinants of success in
Introduction The present report provides a strategic analysis of JPMorgan Chase & Co., the top performer of the US banking and capital market, against Wells Fargo and Company. The new decade is associated with the emergence of a new wave of disruptions related to technological, economic, geopolitical, demographic, and environmental factors (Srinivas et al., 2019). Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased pressure on all the stakeholders of the industry to utilize the latest innovations to adapt to the rapidly changing reality (Melamedov, 2020). The present report evaluates if Chase Bank is ready to enter the new decade with its challenges and opportunities. The present report utilizes experts’ opinions, analyses of banks’ executives, and customer reviews to evaluate the strategic performance of JPMorgan Chase & Co. against Wells Fargo and
Introduction The evolving world has proved that nations are indeed exchanging goods and services and strengthening interdependence. Many nations are involved in both inbound and outbound trade by importing the products and human resources that the country does not possess and exporting their surplus outputs. International trade provides a pathway that encourages interdependence across nations though the exchange of goods and services. International trade influences globalization by strengthening the relationship between nations. In essence, globalization is the move from independent nations to interdependent nations. Every nation is obliged to produce what it is capable of producing in maximum levels, trade what is in surplus, and obtain what it lacks from the other nations. International trade is one of the core factors that have facilitated the growth of globalization. It enhances integration of the global economy, where people find it easy to produce and sell their products. International trade has enabled nations to break the trade barriers and trade freely (Bentes, Davis, Ryan, Sales, & Underwood, 2011). Unlike in earlier days when the free flow of goods and services was prohibited, international trade has helped in eradicating the trade barriers. Currently, companies are able to outsource production raw materials as well as skilled labor to enhance their production process. With the integration of raw materials from different nations, the companies are able to produce high quality products, which are sold both in local and international markets. International trade has played a great role in strengthen the interdependence of nations by enhancing the emergence of global institutions. Global institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WHO) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) play a significant role in driving glo
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of collective bargaining to the educational institution, on the one hand, and to the general public and students. A discussion on the operation and management of higher education is substantially incomplete if it fails to touch on the importance and role of collective bargaining. A lot of research attention has been given to the aspect of unionization of faculty staff and management. Collective bargaining has gained ground in advocating for employees rights. It has become the most successful and common tool used by employees of all wage levels who attempt to advocate for better or increased pay, status and environment. Collective bargaining bears its roots to the trade union movement of the nineteenth century. It hails from a series of informal methods such as strikes and go slows that characterized the trade union movement in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The industrial revolution however increased the level of activity in the labor sector and the informal methods were no longer economical and practical. This therefore paved the way for the advent of collective bargain arrangements. In the first half of the twentieth century it was popular among the laborers up until the second half when professionals and white-collar workers began to unionize. It slowly crept into institutions of learning including those of higher education. Due to the nature of the sizes and number of higher educational institutions at the time, collective bargain took longer to be incorporated into the professional field than it did in labor organizations. Collective bargain seeks to address two main rights, the right to a good salary and access to necessary benefits. these two roles are embedded in the professional requirements and contract of employment and form the basis and justification for the collective bargain arrangement. Clearly there is a tendency to adopt a defensive approach between parties to the employment contract once the unionized agreement has been signed. This has often led to impaired communication between the faculty members and the administration. In effect there are certain pertinent advantages and disadvantages that accrue to the administration on one hand and the students and the general public on the other. To the administration collective bargaining leads to a high level of performance since the worker is confident in an equal stand
Introduction In world literature 1, the story of Gilgamesh is among the oldest narratives around the world. The story was initially an oral tradition story and was later recorded on clay in Mesopotamia. The legendary story comes in different Sumerian versions from around 2700 B.C. The story talks about the powers of Gilgamesh who was the King of Uruk and the influence of other gods in the land. Later on it was recorded in a Akkadian version and then reserved in King Assurbanipal‘s library. According to the story, Gilgamesh was a super human creature and a powerful king who could destroy and conquer others (Lishtar para.1). This paper seeks to critique the nature and powers of historical gods and their relationship to humanity in the past centuries as depicted by the narrative. Discussion Heroism of the kings is limited. The story describes how Gilgamesh oppressed people and slept with every woman. This made the people plead with other gods to provide security for them. As a result, Enkidu is created to counter Gilgamesh powers. Enkidu is however not as powerful as the superhuman king because he is part man and part animal. The limitation of the king’s powers is further seen when Gilgamesh fails to prevent death of Enkidu. This incident occurred after Enkidu and Gilgamesh collaborated to kill the Bull of Heaven (drought) who wanted to crush Gilgamesh to death (George 2). Drought had been sent by Anu the father of Ishatar who wanted Gilgamesh to marry her. On refusal, Ishtar compelled her father to kill the King of Uruk. But because two thirds of Gilgamesh was a god and the other third human, Enkidu died. The other issue that emerges from the myth is that the gods in Ukur are uncooperative. This can be seen when the council of gods decide to kill Enkidu as a punishment for Gilgamesh’s actions. This exposed the other humans to the exploitive powers of the King of Ukur. This further shows that the people in Babylonia were subjects to the gods and had no voice. Human beings are also depicted as creatures that have no freedom. According to the story, Gilgamesh gods have the power over life and death but Gilgamesh still becomes worried after realizing that she would also die. When the people pleaded with gods to create a god who would match Gilgamesh’s powers, the gods created Enkidu and also brought an end to his life. In the story, Gilgamesh is determined to learn the secrets behind life and death. The story says that Utnapishtim was the only crea
Strategic Management process Strategic management process encompasses other planning processes such as the strategic planning as well as the human resources planning. In essence, strategic management processes necessitate all the tactical arrangements and the ability of the organization to execute the strategies (Aaker, 2001). Specifically, strategic management process is the practice of making out and implementing the tactical policies of an organization. During the process, the company competencies and capabilities must correspond to the environmental needs. The strategic management process begins from defining the current business and its mission to the evaluation process where the company performance is assessed against the strategies. Specifically, the strategic management process involves executing the plans and evaluating the performance or outcome against the planned strategies (Aaker, 2001). In the planning cycle, strategic execution and strategic evaluation are always the last steps. Essentially, strategic management process involves the execution of strategic planning process and the evaluation of the strategic performance. The role of the planning cycle As indicated, the strategic management process encompasses various steps that involve the strategic planning process. Strategic planning process includes various steps ranging from defining the current situation of the business according to its mission to formulating the strategies to attain the strategic goals (Aaker, 2001). The strategic planning process involves five steps, which is referred to as the planning cycle. As mentioned, the first step in the planning cycle is to identify the business and align it with its mission. The second step involves evaluating the business through the application of its interna
For much of the 20th century, the Nation-State has been the focal point of identity, community, and power in the world. Is the age of the Nation-State over? Why or why not? If so, what is coming next? The age of the Nation-State is over and it is easy to prove this statement is to consider the situation which exists in the modern world about the society, to check the political preferences and economical issues that are important in understanding the problem and offering the arguments. People use the word ‘international’ more and more often and it becomes natural for them that having a personal nation they live under the international impact. Multiculturalism also becomes a common affair, especially in the age when discrimination is almost eliminated and all people are considered to be free and equal. Therefore, the rapid development of the international relationships impacted the economics, politics, and culture of each country, therefore, t is possible to say that Nation-State cannot already be considered as the focal point of identity, community, and power in the world and Kenichi Ohmae and Saskia Sassen prove this position in their works. Nation-State is over First of all, the changes in the domination and understanding of power should not be connected with failures. Ohmae states that neither cultural failures nor the number of independent units shifted the priorities. The main reason for the shift from the Nation-State power is the effect of the fundamental changes which occur in the economic life of the whole world. Nation-states have just become the actors in the arena of the global economy. None of the countries has opportunities to change something globally and only the unity of the global relations may impact the situation correctly. The Nation States have become just the territories that may be called the participants of the international relationships not their creators of dominators (Ohmae 224). Proving the international nature of the current position of the countries, trying to state that the age of the Nation-States has gone, Sassen implements the following example, “the real estate prices at the center of New York City are more connected to prices in London or Frankfurt that to the overall real estate market in the city” (Sassen 199). And this is the most correct definition and characteristic of the modern world. That is why the Nation States do not function anymore. Each nation has become dependent because of the globalization of economics. The international market is considered even more important than the national one. Innovation technologies play important role in the development of international relationships and the reduction of the Nation-State influence. When some
Abstract The paper compares the attitudes and perceptions of Al-Hassa residents and non-residents of tourism development in the region. The paper starts by highlighting and defining the problem under study. An analysis of the study area reveals various aspects such as historical background, unemployment, and social-economic characteristics. The development of the tourism industry in Al-Hassa is discussed in detail considering its current trends. Various government mechanisms to develop this sector in the near future are also highlighted. The literature review contains data that has been collected for the analysis of Al-Hassa’s tourism sector. It leads to the development of various research questions and hypotheses that will guide the research process. The paper also provides a description of the methodology to be used in the research. This section explains the distributed survey and target population amongst the residents and non-residents of Al-Hassa municipality. Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has made efforts to diversify economic activities with a view of achieving various goals of vision 2030 such as preventing overreliance on oil as a major source of income. The Al-Hassa region is one of the biggest tourist destinations in the KSA owing to its historic background and numerous oases. Although the tourism industry has been growing rapidly especially in the Al-Hassa region, there have been many impediments to the developments. Al-Hassa region is the focus of this research with respect to the attitudes and perceptions of residents and non-residents towards tourism development. Residents refer to the local people of the Al-Hassa region who are affected by the tourist and conservation activities enforced by the Saudi government. These people have a close relationship with the tourist destination and their understanding of the environment in the region surpasses that of the tourists. On the other hand, non-residents imply the regional and international tourists who visit the Al-Hassa region for both recreational and business activities. In the context of this article, attitudes do not only refer to the feelings of the residents towards tourism but also the value they place on the scenic oases in the area. The perception of consumers is the visitor’s awareness of the destination environment, which is influenced by social and economic changes. Tourism development refers to the exposure to a foreign culture, which at times contradicts social, religious, and economic practices. Sometimes, it has led to improved economic growth by creating job opportunities for the residents besides promoting cultural integration. This paper presents a comparative study of residents and non-residents’ attitudes and perceptions of consumers of tourism development in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Study Area Al-Hassa occupies 530,000 square kilometers and is located 60 Km from the Arabian Gulf in the Eastern part of Saudi Arabia. The area under cultivation was about 120 square kilometers a few decades ago (Alghenaim, 2013). Al-Hassa has attracted human settlement since the prehistoric period because of the plentiful su
Ensuring clients’ privacy and confidentiality is key to social workers’ practice. It is part of the ethical principle of integrity, according to which social workers should be trustworthy, honest, and responsible and behave consistently with the ethical standards of their profession (NASW, 2017). Social workers’ Code of Ethics obliges professionals to respect clients’ right to privacy by not eliciting more information about clients than necessary for professional purposes and not disclosing clients’ sensitive information to a third party (NASW, 2017). The client’s data can be disclosed only if informed consent is obtained, and a social worker should make sure that the client has understood the meaning and consequences of informed consent in its entirety (NASW, 2017). In the digital age, ensuring confidentiality has become even more important and challenging. Clients may ask social workers to contact them via text messages or social media, which may lead to confidentiality breaches and blur professional boundaries. Posting the client’s sensitive information on social media can lead to the disclosure of the client’s identity even if the name is not stated. In addition, information posted on the Internet can be uncontrollably shared. The principle of confidentiality has a significant impact on the therapeutic relationship. Knowing that their information will be kept confidential helps clients build trustworthy relationships with social workers and share their problems, thus providing social workers with the necessary information for developing the right counseling program. Confidentiality breaches, on the contrary, undermine the therapeutic relationship by raising clients’ distrust in social workers’ respect for their privacy and damaging the reputation of a particular social worker or the entire profession (Halabuza, 2014). Such a negative impact on the therapeutic relationship may occur, for example, if social workers search information about their clients in social networks without obtaining their informed consent, thus making clients “feel overexposed and violated” (Reamer, 2017, p. 155). Confidentiality violations also often happen in rural areas because it is difficult to keep information secret in small communities where all people know each other (Daley & Hickman, 2011). In rural areas, as well as in the case of social media searches, obtaining informed consent is crucial for ensuring confidentiality. In other cases, for example, in electronic communication and storing, social wo