ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Tears of a Tiger is a young adult novel written by Sharon Draper and first published in 1994. The story tells about the life of a boy named Andy, who suffers from depression. His condition is caused by a car accident due to which one of his friends passed away. Andy, as well as his friends, were all drunk during their car ride, which is why the boy blames himself. The novel is extremely important, as it covers such topics and issues as grief, loss, and depression. Among other things, the novel demonstrates how important it is to pay attention to the condition of someone’s close ones, hence none of Andy’s friends knew how much he suffered. Finally, the author of the novel narrates the story using different styles, such as clippings from magazines and newspapers, first-person narration, and much more. At the same time, the figurative and connotative language used in Tears of a Tiger has a certain impact on the overall mood and tone of the novel. The figurative language closely intertwines the entire plot of the story of Andy and sets the overall tone of the novel. Figurative language is often used to exaggerate something or to highlight the importance and dramatic nature. In this sense, many characters of the book exaggerate certain events. For example, in one scene, Rhonda remarks that their school is very old, saying that it was built a million years ago (Draper, 1994). Moreover, school students often use metaphors or figurative language when communicating with each other. Thus, the author of the novel emphasized that all of them are still children, who tend to exaggerate the significance of certain events. Among other things, figurative language helps to create the tone of the entire novel. The story itself is very heavy and sad, as deals with mental trauma, grieve, and loss. The characters of the novel are still young students, who had to face the terrible consequences of what they thought was nothing. In this sense, using figurative language, the author emphasizes how depressing are the events in which the characters found themselves. Thus, various metaphors, hyperbole, and other techniques allow the reader to experience the same emotions that Andy and his friends are experiencing. Finally, the tone of the novel is also created by using connotative language. Connotations help to describe certain events or objects using an associative series. Moreover, connotations can be positive and negative, and most often become stable expressions. Thus, in Tears of a Tiger , Sharon Draper resorts to using negative connotations to demonstrate all the drama and depressiveness of the circumstances. In this sense, the image of tears is qualitatively traced throughout the novel. The phrase “It’s okay to put dragons in the jungle and tears on a tiger” could serve as a great example (Draper, 1994). This quote demonstrates that there is nothing wrong with crying or grieving. In conclusion, it becomes possible to determine that the novel Tears of a Tiger is permeated with many stylistic techniques. In addition to symbolism and themes, the book is writt
Students’ achievements are arguably the most important goal of any educator that aims at providing their students with better possibilities. As students keep developing their skills, the approaches to increasing their achievements become more and more sophisticated. Therefore, there is undoubtedly a need to search for better sources of methods and approaches. One of the most important and valuable sources of required data are the researches and studies focused on improving students’ abilities and their determination to achieve certain highlights in their education. The purpose of this study is to find a highly reliable source of data on how to improve students’ achievements. The sources found will then be analyzed from the standpoint of their utilization and importance. Data Source Identification Firstly, it is important to decide what data sources will be the most sufficient in the framework of this research. As stated before, the most credible data sources are probably the current publications presenting research on the topic of improving students’ achievements. An alternative would then be the guidelines provided by various education-related organizations and educational institutions. However, there are a number of reasons as to why these are not the preferred source of data. Guidelines are mostly too narrow and unspecified. They may present basic ideas of what and when to undertake to achieve particular results. However, the guidelines by the
Personality, mood and anxiety disorders show relevant overlaps because they have similar symptoms. For instance, anxiety is accompanied my certain mood disorders. The disorders therefore do not have major differences. However, there are slight differences between personality disorders such as OCD and anxiety disorders. Social phobia and avoidant personality disorder have some common characteristics. The process of combining symptoms leads to wrong diagnosis of diseases. This mostly occurs to individuals with mood and generalized anxiety disorders. Researchers often try to give a detailed explanation of anxiety and mood disorders in terms of their nature. Their research is driven by problems of taxonomy such as heterogeneity and comorbidity. Comorbidity is a situation where individuals show signs of different disorders at the same time. The condition is caused by overlap of hypothesized elements that are considered distinct. Comorbidity therefore increases prevalence of discriminant validity when many people are affected. Although personality disorders sometimes overlap or show differences that are not clear, they are usually differentiated through three distinct methods. The first method is used to distinguish personality disorders from anxiety and mood disorders and involves analysis of ego-syntonic features present, chronic causes and early onset of the disorders. Ego-syntonic features are elements that do not change their consistency with regard to identity of an individual. The second method is used to distinguish anxiety disorders from depressive conditions by observing real symptoms, events and childhood characteristics. In addition, personality characteristics, indicators of differential outcome and genetic models are observed. The third method distinguishes mood disorders from other disorders through specific methods. The diagnosis is done by observing physical impacts of medical conditions like stroke. In addition, the method focuses on the history of patients and related laboratory results or physical examination.
Introduction Human resource is the most important assert to any organization since it defines the organizational structure. According to Mills 1 , human resource defines the roadmap to a firm’s success or failure. In this case, human resource is very delicate. It is affected by various factors ranging from political issues, social concerns and religious requirements to natural phenomena and personal issues. The human resource management must be in a position to analyze such issues and determine how they influence the human resource base at any firm. This involves ascertaining the degree to which such factors affect the workforce and the frequency of their occurrence. After this analysis, the human resource management would devise mechanisms though which such forces can be countered in order to avoid an adverse effect on the firm’s operation should such unfortunate things happen. New Zealand suffered a serious earthquake in two close successions in the previous years. The earthquakes affected businesses and the normal social welfare of the community. However, its effect on human resource was striking. During this time, the social structure of the society was completely disrupted and many firms recorded a serious drop in the demand for their goods. The earthquake that followed in Japan had its effects felt in New Zealand in various sectors. This paper seeks to determine how natural disasters such earthquakes affect human resource in various firms. The researcher seeks to determine the magnitude of this effect and its general effect on the society in general and the firms affected in specific. The paper also seeks to make recommendations on how natural disaster preparedness can be achieved. It seeks to offer a solution to the human resource department on what should be done should such a phenomenon occur. This study is based on the earthquake that took place in Christchurch, New Zealand. Human Resource Issues Faced by Companies Affected by Earthquakes in Christchurch As noted above, human resource is very delicate. Various issues affect it. At Christchurch, there have been incidents of earthquake in the past but the recent earthquake was a little too devastating. It affected various structures, some of which were destroyed. The companies that operate in this region bore the most brunt. Their structures were brought down in one way or the other, which affected the operations of the firms. They lost the time that they would have utilized to produce goods leading to reduced profits. The demand for their products dropped significantly both in the local and external markets. Compounding all this misfortune was the issue of human resource. A number of human resource issues were generated by this incident as is discussed below. Shrinking Talent and Pool of Staff and Senior Management According to Andresen 2 , a firm would gain a competitive advantage if it were in a position to create a pool of talented staff. The scholar goes ahead to elaborate that talent is the very core of business prosperity. The current business world is very competitive and highly unpredictable.
For a leader to be successful, he must find ways to motivate his team members. This paper discusses the two most important things a leader should do in order to motivate his members. Also, the paper will highlight on the reasons why motivation is important. Motivation is an outer force that drives individuals into achieving their targets in life. It is also the ability to influence individuals to follow their duties and responsibilities (Thomas, 2009). Hence, motivation is one of the key principles in leadership and performance management in an organization. The two most important things a leader should do to motivate his team members are: performance appraisal and instilling team work spirit. Performance appraisal is the assessment of employees’ performance. In other words, it’s the reviewing of employees’ productivity or output (Thomas, 2009). The best performance appraisal is the one rated by the employees themselves. This is because it is only the employees who know their strengths and weaknesses. From the employees’ evaluation, a leader will be able to allocate duties appropriately for growth and development of an organization. Also, the leader will be able to distinguish between excellent and poor performers. Outstanding performers should be rewarded while poor performers should be counseled, warned or placed under training. Incase a company uses a merit based pay, highly rated performers will earn more compared than the lowly rated ones. This method motivates the high performers to continue working hard and the low performers to improve (Thomas, 2009). The other important factor is the growth of team spirit. As a leader, being an actual member of a team is the most powerful tactic to motivate employees. This is because it grants all members an opportunity to learn from each other; especially from their leader. Team spirit also encourages employees to contribute in decision making, resolving conflicts and strategy planning (Robertson, 1996). Performance appraisal helps a leader to measure his employees’ production, and also in setting of new goals and standards for his organization. In addition, it helps a leader to successfully calculate the probability of the company’s success or failure. Other than that, the leader will be able to allocate the perfect duties for each employee. Finally, he will be able to pick out employees who are a liability to the company and find ways of changing the employee to an asset. Team spirit does not only provide motivation, but enhances learning. This is achieved through working together, sharing ideas and communicating openly with each other. Weak performers will learn from the strong ones and in turn, empower the team as a whole increasing performance. Also, participation of employees in all the areas of the organization will make them understand the reasons behind some decisions. It also contributes in the solving of conflicts and enables the employees to willingly accept the changes implemented (Robertson, 1996). Apart from that, team work enhances organizational commitment, effectiveness
Narcotic (opioid) analgesics are very potent pain killers obtained from Opium poppy plants. They produce pain relief by depression of the central nervous system (CNS), especially cerebrum and medulla. They also act on glands and smooth muscles of the respiratory and gastrointestinal system which accounts for the side effects of these drugs. The main limitation of these analgesics is that their long term use leads to dependence and addiction (Narcotic Analgesic Drugs). Site and mechanism of action of Narcotic Analgesics There are different types of opiate receptors in the CNS which are responsible for the pharmacological actions of narcotic agents. Opiate receptors have three main parts: a flat portion which contains the aromatic part, a hollow portion which has the ethylene bridge and an ionic site with 30 nitrogen. These three parts from a specific spatial orientation of the receptors which is responsible for the specificity of these receptors for narcotic agents (Narcotic Analgesic Drugs). There are three main types of opiate receptors, mu, kappa and delta. These receptors produce different effects on the body. Mu receptors produce analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression and addiction. Kappa receptors produce dysphoria, euphoria and addiction. Delta receptors are linked to G-proteins. When the opioids bind to mu receptors, it leads to K+ outflux and hyperpolarization of cell membranes. Thus, it decreases neuron firing and excitability. Ca influx is also decreased which inhibits the release of neurotransmitters from the cells. This also blocks the transmission of pain signals. Binding of opioids on kappa receptors closes Ca channels and therefore, there is no `Ca influx into the cells which results in inhibition of release of neurotransmitters and transmission of pain signals. Narcotics bind to delta receptors and activate the G-proteins which inhibit the production of cAMP. This leads to inhibition of transmission of pain signals. Use of Narcotics in Dentistry Codeine, hydrocodone and oxycodone are widely used narcotic agents in dentistry for many purposes. Codeine is used for pain relief in toothache and also after dental surgeries. It can also be used for chronic pain relief, for e.g. pain of temporomandibular joint. It is usually combined with other analgesics like aspirin and paracetamol. The usual dosage of codeine is two tablets of 30 mg, 4-6 hourly as required for pain relief in combination with non-narcotic analgesics (Codeine). Hydrocodone is the most commonly prescribed drug for relief of pain and is 6 times more powerful compared to codeine and thus requires lower dosages for pain relief. It is used for post-surgical pain relief and toothache. The usual dosage of hydrocodone is 5-7.5 mg, 4-6 hourly in combination with acetaminophen (500mg) (Hydrocodone). Oxycodone is 12 times more powerful than codeine. It is used f
The Legislative wing of the US government is charged with the responsibility of making laws and having oversight over the Executive arm of government. This means that any effort by the Executive to institute major reforms in the country has to go through the Legislature since most reforms must be instituted through statutes. This doesn’t always happen since both arms of government don’t always see eye to eye and the losers are mainly the US citizens. The health sector is one of the most fundamental areas of the American society and laws regulating the sector have dire consequences for the lives of all American people. It is therefore important that the Legislature works closely with the Executive to ensure that necessary laws meant to make health accessible to all are passed and assented to by the president. The American Legislature is unique on several grounds in its mandate of making laws and having oversight over other arms of government. The Legislature has two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Laws therefore have to pass both houses before they can make their way to the president’s desk for assent (The White House, 2011). This might sound straight forward and simple but it’s a complicated process and the possibility of any bill to complete the process is slim. The underlying principle is to ensure that only bills which are comprehensive, worthy and suitable for our society make it through the two houses and become law. In reality, this means that most bills regarding health issues die during the long process bills undergo before they become laws. Times topics (2011) have also shown that even bills which pass congress can be contested in a court of law by those officials who feel that the laws passed unfairly. To understand the factors that dictate the life of any health related bill, it is necessary to understand the various factors which promote or hinder the success of such a bill. The health sector is unique and diverse and the number of players in this field makes the process of making laws for this sector complicated. The health sector consists of health professionals and the facilities which they manage and operate. These include hospitals both public and private, nursing homes, therapy centres among others. Professionals in these institutions include doctors, nurses, technicians and many others. Medical companies are also considered to be stakeholders in the health sector since their products, drugs and equipments, are the vital components which doctors and other practitioners use to treat patients. These corporations are huge and have enormous influence over the way congress approach the issue of health. This sector cannot be reformed without evaluating the role of insurance companies especially those in the business of providing health cover to Americans. America is the only major power without universal health coverage and private insurance companies play a major role in the sector since a majority of the American people depend on insurance to pay their med
It seems natural that teenagers sometimes feel unhappy. This statement is especially understandable if we take into consideration the fact that the organism of the young adult is experiencing the hormonal changes. The frequent changes of mood are typical for the adolescence. However, according to recent findings eight out of ten teenagers suffer from depression. Although depression is the problem that can be cured, it is worth noting that it should be diagnosed first. The teenagers are the vulnerable group as they experience a difficult transition of the maturing process. Thus, the symptoms can be hidden, and depression can be confused with a bad mood. What are the outcomes of depression? Can it spread between the adolescence? Is it contagious? These types of questions were the main concern of a number of researchers. The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate whether depression spreads over teenagers. To get deeper involved in the issue, the reasons for depression in adolescence should be identified. As a matter of fact, there are many reasons why a teenager can feel unhappy. First and foremost, a bad grade can influence the adolescence significantly. A teenager can feel worthless. School performance, social status among peers, sexual orientation, relationships within the family, these are the factors that have a huge impact on the mental state of a teenager. However, it should be noted that if neither friends nor relatives nor even hobbies can help a teenager to get rid of feelings of depression, regardless of its causes, there is a huge possibility that this adolescence has depression. It is of paramount importance to know the symptoms of depression in order to be able to deal with it. In the majority of cases, the symptoms of depression in teenagers manifest in mood and behavior changes. Sick children lose motivation in life and become withdrawn; coming home from school they close their room and can sit alone for hours (Mufson 81). Depressed children usually experience drowsiness, appetite swings, and even criminal behavior, such as petty theft in stores or alcohol and drug intoxication. Below are the main symptoms of the adolescent depression:  1. Apathy;  2. Persistent pain, such as headaches, stomach pain, back pain, and fatigue;  3. It is difficult for a teenager to focus and concentrate;  4. It is complicated for a teen to make own decisions and choices;  5. The irresponsible behavior is very common. It is usually reflected in forgetting the duties; the teenager is late for school or even skips it;  6. Loss of appetite or over-eating is another symptom, which leads to significant weight loss or overweight. Thus, depression can consequently lead to a nu
Considering the fact that newer business strategies are developed and the level of competition has increased recently due to growing interest in entrepreneurship and international collaboration, it is necessary to assume that it has become more difficult for international companies to survive and achieve success because of growing business risks. Conducting the research on the topic of business risks and approaches utilized by multinational companies in order to mitigate them, it is necessary to pay an increased attention to the situation in the Middle East. As for the Gulf countries such as KSA, it is known that, due to relatively high income level in the region and growing competition, international companies should put an increased focus on strategies used for foreign market entry. The given paper aims at describing the situation with international business risks in KSA and proposing the tool that could be used to define and analyze the perceptions of owners of multinational companies in Saudi Arabia. Risks and Business Environment in Saudi Arabia International business in Saudi Arabia remains a sphere that involves a great number of factors that can hardly be controlled and this is why they act as potential risks capable of undermining the authority of a certain company or decreasing its consolidated income. When it comes to Saudi Arabia, there are a few factors that need to be taken into consideration to better understand the methods used for risk mitigation and successful foreign market entry. To begin with, there is a range of difficulties related to religious beliefs peculiar to nations living in different regions. Considering the enormous role of religion in everyday life and business activities of people in KSA, it is necessary to suggest that entering foreign markets (especially when it comes to European countries with religious diversity) can present certain difficulties due to a significant lack of coincidence in cultural values that may be extremely dangerous for companies in Saudi Arabia moving into new markets. In fact, there are many people who are unlikely to pay attention to the values supported by business owners and managers; they make decision based on whether they like the product and whether collaboration with the new company will be profitable for them. Nevertheless, it is necessary to remember that, due to interfaith dialogue accompanied with various conflicts, this factor should be considered as well. In case with such situations, companies may invite new employees from other countries to ensure diversity as such measure will be likely to improve the level of trust Nowadays, a few basic types of business risks can be distinguished, these risks remain important for countries in any region as they reflect the common f