ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Interviews are always very important when gathering information about a certain topic from an individual. Various individuals in different fields use interviews to gather relevant data in their fields. A researcher would use interviews to get information from people holding information. Police officers use interviews to gather evidence that would allow them prosecute a suspect. An attorney would use the same in order to defend his or her client or implicate a suspect. An employer needs the same to determine the effectiveness and suitability of an employee. In any interview, both verbal and non-verbal cues are very important. As Robson (2002) notes, at times, non-verbal cues may be more revealing than verbal cues. This scholar asserts that police officers and the attorneys rely more on non-verbal cue as opposed to verbal expressions to acquire relevant information from an individual. Non-verbal signal include facial expressions or any other body movements that would relate to the topic at hand. For an interviewer, it is very important to note all non-verbal signals from the interviewee, as this would help in ensuring that more information is gathered in this process. The Interview As part of the course work, the researcher conducted an interview on the topic ‘stressor’. The researcher identified a hairdresser who happened to be a neighbor. Because of cordial relationship that had existed between the researcher and the interviewee, she obliged to the request of being interviewed. The researcher assured her that the research was purely academic and that any information that would be retrieved from the process would be treated as confidential meaning that the student and the concerned lecturer could only share it. The client was an eighteen-year-old woman who was then taking care of her aging mother. Her nine-year-old child had passed some years after suffering from juvenile diabetes. Her husband abandoned her soon after the death of their son, claiming that it was because of her irresponsibility that the child perished. This was very devastating to her. The fact that she had lost her child brought her many sorrows. The departure of the husband and the reason he gave for the departure was heartbreaking. Although this had taken some time now, memories of the ordeal was still very clear in her mind. Upon this realization, the researcher developed some means through which the required data could be collected, with high level of accuracy and free from emotions. The Interview Process During the process of the interview, the researcher was able to gather a lot of information from the interviewee through verbal and non-verbal cues. When asked about the main stressor in her entire life, the soft smile in her face disappeared. Her face darkened and she looked very disturbed. Because the interviewer had known her before, the person in front of him was completely different. She turned pale and her breath became deep. This reaction was enough to
Introduction Communication is important in all organizations because it enables employers and employees to understand each other. It is necessary for people to know communication channels that will enable recipients to understand and respond to their messages. This paper examines the best email practices using a case study. Summary of Case Study Mr. Neal Patterson (the CEO of Cerner Corporation) was not happy the way his employees were performing their duties. He observed that the parking space was usually almost empty in the mornings and evenings. He decided to write emails to about 400 company managers to remind them that they were not doing their duties as expected by the organization. Mr. Patterson was annoyed and suspected that managers did not know what their employees were doing, or did not care about what happened in the company. The CEO believed that managers had allowed their subordinates to introduce a culture of working for 40 hours in a week. He outlined punishments for managers who tolerated laziness and reminded them that he would replace them if they did not fix that problem. The email elicited reactions from his subordinates and the public, and this prompted the devaluation of the company’s shares in the stock market. Best Email Practices Lynne Curry believes that email communication should not be treated like a speech because it can be stored and accessed for future references. She argues that even though people write what they think email messages should be evaluated before the writer clicks the send button. It is necessary to explain that speeches can be altered when their messages are passed from one person to another, and there is no possibility of knowing that the information has been distorted. Therefore, she argues that people should check their messages properly, proofread and wait for at least four hours before sending them. This will enable senders to be sure that their messages are professional; therefore, recipients will interpret them correctly. Mr. Patterson rushed to send his email to company managers without thinking about its impacts, and that is why it evoked negative reactions from various stakeholders. In addition, the email was posted on Yahoo and this exposed it to the public for scrutiny. Secondly, emails speak a lot about their senders; therefore, people should ensure that the messages they send reflect their personalities. Curry claims that politeness is a key aspect in email communication since it shapes the public’s opinion about an individual or company. The CEO did not know that his email would have negative effects on the company and his reputation. He thought that expressing his anger to company managers through his email would compel them to act responsibly. However, he was mistaken because most people thought he was arrogant. Lastly, people should avoid shouting through their email messages. It is necessary to explain that email communication gives senders the confidence of sendi
Introduction Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a highly infectious disease that is more common in children than adults. Often, whooping cough may start as a common cold or develop as a complication of swine flu (Shiel, 2018). Compared to vaccinated children, unvaccinated ones are considered to have a higher risk of developing severe symptoms of this condition. During the pertussis outbreak, it is expected that children who have not received immunization will be affected by the disease the most. It is thus important for parents of unvaccinated children to learn about the dire consequences of the neglect to have timely immunization. Currently, whooping cough vaccination is recommended to young children in order to protect them from the disease. Main body The term population at risk is used to describe the part of the overall population that is exposed to the occurrence of the disease. Only 25 children in Fallsburg Elementary School received an immunization from whooping cough. However, the other 35 children have not received immunization, which means that they are at risk of acquiring this disease. After reviewing the collected data in regards to elementary school students, it has been found that only 42% of them are not at risk of developing whooping cough due to obtained immunization. The other 58% of children, though, are at risk of developing the disease. This means that if exposed to the disease, 58% of children will contract it. Understanding the concepts of incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality is crucial for tracking the occurrence of the disease and its effects on the population. Prevalence measures the percentage of both old and new cases related to the total number of people (New York State Department of Health, 1999). In other words, the prevalence rate may be interpreted as the probability of selecting a person with the condition at random. The prevalence rate should not be confused with the incidence rate which measures only the percentage of new cases related to the total number of people. This rate thus indicates the speed at which an event occurs in the particular population or the risk of contracting the disease. The prevalence rate equals the incidence rate multiplied by the duration of the disease (Gerstman, 2013). However, this is true only for the cases when the disease is ra
Introduction The way Philip K. Dick in his magnum opus has discussed the ‘android’ concept in context with the moral and ethical dimension; no other American author has been able to focus his personal thoughts on a particular issue among science fiction in such an intuitive manner. What he discusses is the concern of being human, what it means and feels to have all humanistic senses and capabilities, and what happens when a replica is created devoid of such emotions or feelings. He discusses humanity throughout his novel by exploring the opposition between ‘authentic’ human beings and various ‘artificial’ beings made to imitate humans (Vint, 2007). The reader can easily analyze that Dick has presented complete research work in the form of a story by introducing two types of characters before us; one that is real and the one that is unreal. Deckard, Dave Holden, and Rachel Rosen are the characters that Dick has shaped to fulfill readers’ expectations in the scenario of an imaginary planet but which can be perceived as real. With every human being and animal so electrical and artificial, Dick has presented every artificial organism in isolation, where it seeks some empathetic relationship with the other being but is unable to fulfill such relationship since artificialities are named by Dick as ‘androids’. Deckard when sending to search for the most advanced androids of the Nexus-6 models, he is actually seeking speciﬁc answers to matters that have been raised by the planet as a statement. Deckard’s efforts have been constituted by the feeling of an ‘emotion’, the making of an intellectual connection, the speaking of an utterance, the passing on of a story in the real world beyond it, or the completion of another type of action in the physical world. What distinguishes this advancement from any other literary one is the self-conscious perception that readers formulate about empathy in relation to some concerns that are discussed below. Throughout the novel, the question of what it means to be human, to be a real person, is raised on a variety of levels. But the answer emerges in relatively simple form i.e., empathy. The main character in the novel, Rick Deckard, a bounty hunter with the San Francisco police department who specializes in ‘retiring’ androids, reflects on the workings of the Voigt-Kampff test, this futuristic society’s index to distinguish between androids and humans. Basically, the test measures involuntary responses to questions about the killing of an animal or human life (Yoke, 1987, p. 194). What is obvious in the novel is the recognition that although androids surpass several classes of human specials in terms of intelligence, they do not possess an empathic personality, they do not respond. Empathy in context with replication The novel accepts both the artificial and real, which is evident from the significan
Justin is an adorable mini-gentleman who confidently strides in the classroom every morning with an infectious grin on his face. He easily melts the hearts of his teachers with his amiable personality and witticisms. Naturally friendly, he gets along well with his peers and does not show any reluctance in relating with anyone young or old. His presence truly adds spice and character to the Nursery class. Physical Development Observations Justin has discovered that his hands can do many things. His fine motor coordination is developing at par with his age expectations. He enjoys doing puzzles, stringing beads, building with wooden or interconnecting blocks, and other activities that involve eye-hand coordination. He is learning to use writing instruments. He enjoys scribbling and has recently learned to trace broken lines. He has yet to learn to hold them properly, as he sometimes reverts to using his whole palm in grasping them. His gross motor skills are developing well. He is a very active little boy, and he exhibits agility in the playground. He confidently climbs the playground equipment and his current favorite is the swing. Justin is often seen running around with older children. He trips once in a while, but overall, he has a steady gait. He enjoys music and movement activities. He grooves to the rhythm of the beat and delights in doing actions to songs and fingerplays. Once in a while, he is seen creating his dance movements with a classmate or two in front of the mirror. It is amusing to watch these little kids enjoy their innocence and creativity on their own. Evaluation According to developmental expectations, Justin is developing at the right place. Physically, his motor skills may still be clumsy, but he is more stable than a toddler. His motor skills are slowly developing body coordination, flexibility, and agility in his movements. His fine motor skills are still very limited, as his hands need bigger objects to hold instead of very small ones because his handgrip is still not very firm. However, he tries to explore the possibilities of his hands by attempting to hold writing instruments and scribble on paper. Lately, instead of grasping his writing instruments with his whole palm, he tries to hold them with just his fingers instead. Psychosocial Development Observations Self-Help Skills Justin has learned the class routines in only a few days in school. He knows what to do and expect in every routine. Although his nanny is conveniently in the waiting a
Model Case During several years of being married, Anna, a young 24-year-old woman, did not understand and did not see that her husband was unfaithful to her. However, having understood the roots of the problems which she experienced in the family life, Anna did not focus on the issues which can be interesting for women who can find themselves in similar situations. Anna did not choose any traditional variant in order to cope with the problem. Thus, Anna did not choose to talk to her husband, to pay more attention to her husband, to cease the relationship, or to fall in love with another man. Instead, having noticed her husband with another woman of her age, Anna quickly came to home and made a call to order some specific services to start preparations for the parachute jump. Anna parachuted the next day, and she started to plan the other jumps. While focusing on her emotions associated with the fact of adultery and the parachute jump, Anna noticed that she felt the great pleasure and enthusiasm in both the situations. It was important for Anna to parachute because it was her dream, and the woman chose to concentrate on it instead of focusing on other aspects and situations. This is a good example of a model case because: Anna immediately chooses to parachute instead of speaking to her husband in order to understand the aspects of the problem because she cannot think logically and choose the scenario relevant for her, but it can seem irrational for many other people. Anna focuses on preparing the parachute jump without noticing any other aspects of the situation because her reaction is based on the obsessive desire and enthusiasm which begin to control Anna’s thoughts, but this desire and the associated emotion cannot be controlled . Anna unexpectedly chooses to parachute instead of solving the problem because she is not aware of her real emotions and feelings masked with the exaggerated enthusiasm, and she unconsciously chooses the variant of behavior which is most appropriate for her. The woman acts impulsively and rapidly, while concentrating on the parachute jump despite any
Executive Summary Industry Overview As of early 2018, the sports apparel, athletic and outdoor footwear, and related accessories industry is estimated at $250 billion. There are many niches within the field that are occupied by specialized firms, but Nike, Adidas, and Puma may be considered the biggest competitors in the market. The industry is steadily growing at approximately 4.3% annually, and by 2020 it is projected to hit $283 billion. The companies compete with generally similar products that achieve identical price and performance levels by employing a variety of different proprietary technologies. The industry has stopped growing explosively and established several large players that dominate the market, placing it in the early maturity stage of the product cycle. The economic and sociocultural aspects of the industry are of the highest significance to a company. Countries other than the United States offer significant opportunities for a firm that is seeking to expand and enlarge its profits. Athletic apparel and footwear manufacturers are also closely linked with sports, signing promotional deals with players, and the popularity of the entertainment branch is essential to their marketing. The technological aspect is of moderate significance, as innovative ideas and technologies always emerge but generally fail to secure an advantage for any one company. The legal and political environments are not significant due to the lack of regulation on apparel and footwear manufacturers. The environmental aspect is also generally not substantial due to the public’s disinterest and the generally low pollution of the manufacturing methods employed in apparel and footwear production. Substitution and rivalry are active within the industry, as many companies sell similar products to whatever offering a company may choose to field. There is generally no cost to switching, though shoes that fit a particular foot type well may secure the loyalty of a consumer base. New entrants can enter the market without significant difficulty and present a competitive offering, a factor that contributes to the large number of participating firms. The variety of choices enables buyers to approach selection carefully, and the ability to try a shoe and determine whether it fits the foot comfortably allows them to make informed choices. As such, buyer power is high, unlike that of the suppliers, who are numerous and interchangeable, offering similar products. The driving forces in the industry include globalization, the popularity of various sports, technological innovation, and the number of
The XPD helicase plays a significant role in the process of nucleotide repair (NER). The process of DNA unwinding enables the separation of DNA into single strands for easy copying and replication. Point mutations in the XPD helicase cause the Cockayne Syndrome (CS). The main signs of CS include premature aging and short stature. The mapping of mutations occurs in domains that adversely affect the integrity of the TFIIH complex. Other features evident in CS patients include poor weight gain and growth, an abnormally small head, and an impaired nervous system. The successful repair of damaged DNA depends on the correctness of the instructions from the CBS and CSA genes. The failure to repair damaged DNA in CS patients leads to increased DNA abnormalities and the malfunctioning and death of cells, which causes different CS features. XPD is one of the main subunits of the TFIIH complex, which engages in transcriptional activities and repair functions. The repair functions of the TFIIH complex help to reverse various DNA damages (Ahmad, 2008). A mutation in the XPD helicase hampers the ability of the TFIIH complex to execute its functions because of the increase in the rigidity of the protein. The phenomenon impairs the ability of the TFIIH complex to perform repair and transcription functions. XPD mutations lead to a phenomenon called lock in the repair mode, which makes the helicase cut DNA segments that serve the transcription process. The decline in the rate of interaction between proteins and identification of areas of damaged DNA increases the accumulation of damaged cells. The damage to DNA inactive genes prevents the enzymes involved in gene transcription from performing their functions. The decline in the TFIIH complex transcriptional activity arises due to the alteration of the interaction between the XPD-CAD complex and the TFIIH and changes in the TFIIH stoichiometric composition. Evidence shows that the defects in the XPD helicase interfere with the structure and flexibility of the protein leading to Cockayne syndrome (Spies, 2013). The description of Xeroderma pigmentosum in 1874 introduced the first abnormality associated with XPB/D mutations. The discovery that all the gene mutations in trichothiodystrophy (TTD)had a relationship with the TFIIH complex paved the way for the identification of the relationship between DNA repair and transcription and the genotype-phenotype relationships attributed to XPB and XPD defects. The discovery led to the conclusion that mutations in the human helicase contribute to diverse genetic disorders that exhibit through chromosomal instability, which initiates age-related diseases and cancer. Genetic engineering can significantly enhance the study of the effects of XPD mutations on the functions of the TFIIH complex by allowing researchers to circumvent the XPD defects by overriding the lock-in repair mode to open the promoter. Researchers can develop cell lines supplemented with fetal bovine se
Political culture is the shared opinions, values, and attitudes of people about politics. There are several similarities between the political cultures of Europe and North American countries. Most of the countries in these regions emphasize on constitutional law, regional autonomy, freedom of religion, and personal liberty. Some of the political ideologies originated from the French civil law, British common law, and the North American aboriginal regime. The Canadian government has set some goals that determine how it functions. These goals include the need to maintain peace, order, and good governance and are generally based on the Canadian political culture. The Canadian politics are encompassed of loyalty, tolerance, and compromise. The changes in the Canadian political atmosphere have been quite slow with a lot of negotiations and compromise compared to other nations. The most important political culture of Canada is democracy. Its citizens elect most political leaders. This popular sovereignty is only carried out during elections and when conducting national referenda. There are minimal referenda that have been carried out in Canada since the inception of democracy. The most common ones are the 1898 referendum on prohibition, the 1942 referendum on conscription, and the 1992 referendum on the Charlottetown Accord. Elections are carried out periodically and all the citizens of Canada are treated as equals during elections. Political freedom is exercised in Canada. A person is free to join any political party of interested. Every individual has the freedom to share personal political thoughts, expressions, opinions, beliefs, and conscience. In addition, the freedom of the press is also exercised. Canadian constitution allows individuals to assemble provided that peace is maintained since the freedom of association is guaranteed in the constitution. This demonstrates the democratic nature of Canada. The Canadian politics are based on the majority rule whereby an individual who garners the largest number of votes becomes the political leader. However, the constitution protects the rights of minority groups. Other special groups that are protected by the constitution include the aborigines and women. The Canadian political values are quite different from those of the United States. For instance, the United States’ political culture revolves around liberty, pursuit of life and happiness, while the Canadian political culture focuses on good governance, peace, and order. This has resulted into the continental divide due to the differences in ideologies. The U.S. came into existence because of the revo