ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Bhopal plant was constructed in 1970 in India with the aim of producing pesticides to aid agricultural production, provide employment, and more so provide enable India, the world’s most populated country to meet its domestic food need. A terrible disaster occurred at Bhopal, India in 1984 on December 3 early in the morning whereby a chemical firm caused a major industrial accident due to gas leakage, though the incident occurred many years ago, it still remains fresh in the mind of many and there are still court cases proceeding filed by the victims, to date the chemical firms have taken maximum precautionary measure to curtail any likelihood of such an episode. The firm, Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) was ordered to pay a lump sum of money which was 470 USD but later the amount was reduced after a legal tussle but besides that amount, the firm spent millions of USD to cater for the victims in many ways. Business ethics is the code of behavior displayed in reference to the principles in the commercial context; it’s generalized in normative and descriptive business ethics. The businesses ethics of a firm are determined by how the firm carries its self or displays its noneconomic social principles. Business ethics are closely related to the culture and the identity of a firm Main body From the general business ethics point of view, whereby a firm has laid down its own principles and objectives, the firm (UCIL) was not brought down or did not stop carrying on its business even after the tragedy in which about 3800 people perished, the firm continued to carry on with its business beside
Introduction The Woolmark Company is one of the oldest wool companies in the world operating in Australia since 1936. Woolmark brand is one of the most popular around the globe based on unique quality and exceptional product offering. Woolmark operates on the slowly growing market, but the company obtains a strong market position and became one of the most popular brands in the region. Expansion strategy will help Woolmark to gain new markets and penetrate a new region. It will be the base for further expansion and market growth on the global scale. Woolmark’s target market involves middle income and high income segment. The mission of the company is: “to serve our shareholders by being a financially sustainable company that provides quality certification technology, product and services to the global wool industry” (Woolmark Home Page 2008). In Australia, Woolmark relies on an efficient market system and product improvement, innovative technological solutions and unique brand image. Marketing communication plays a crucial role in successful market performance as it influences brand image and product recognition. Market Overview (PEST, Indonesia) Political /Legal factors Recent years, political situation is Indonesia is marked by stability and democratization of government institutions. It is a republic with a presidential authority. The head of the state is President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Indonesian government exercises control over its nation’s economic development by pass­ing protectionist laws and regulations. On the other hand, it does not restrict or limit foreign expansion strategies and activities provided by foreign companies, so this market proposes a favorable environment for Woolmark. Thus, critics admit that Indonesia remains one of the countries with high risk of political struggle and revolution. Democratization processes cannot eliminate corruption and bribery, unfair market policies and unlawful decisions accepted by some government institutions. “President Yudhoyono has highlighted the need to lift economic growth and investment in order to create jobs as key priorities. The administration’s other priority is to stamp out corruption, which significantly raises producers’ costs and deters investment” (Indonesia Country Profile 2008). Economic Environment The Indonesian economy is marked by stable development. The main economic indexes are: GDP, IDR 3,500 trillion (US$376 billion), GDP per capita: US$1,503, annual growth: 5.8%, inflation: 7%. Low inflation rates, exchange rate stability, government budgets and the record of growth are the main advantages of Indonesia. Economic indicators show that the Indonesian market proposes a great opportunities for Woolmark to enter the county. “Compared with other countries in the regio
Executive Summary In modern changing business environment, companies need to have strategic policies to enable them remain competitive and profitable; they are affected by external and internal operating environments. Globalization and international trade has opened massive opportunities that companies can venture into; when operating in the global scenes, decisions and policies developed should be responsive to the needs of the particular business environment that the company aims at venturing. In China, external environments prevailing in the economy influence GM’s success; the situation in the economy has offered the company a chance to improve its sales and it is creating some challenges to the company. Amidst all the changes and challenges faced by GM the management can make good of the economy by coming up with strategic policies that are responsive to the needs of the Chinese market; marketing focus should be focused on the Chinese market on its own as it has some special considerations that needs to be considered. Introduction and background General Motor Corporation is world’s second largest automobile company after Toyota Motor Corporation; in 2010, the company had managed to have annual revenues exceeding $175 billion and had employed about 325,000 people globally; the main operating base of the company is in the United States of America where it has its headquarters at Detroit, Michigan. After the United states, China forms the second largest market for GM products; according to GM worldwide 2008 vehicle sales China sales was at 12.0% while that of America was 22.1%. China is World’s largest economy after the United States; an increasing population and living conditions as well international traders frequently visiting the company support the automobile industry in the country. Business operate in environments that have factors that influence their success positively and negatively; to remain robust and make strategic, responsive, quality and timely decisions, managers need to undertake regular external analysis of their business operating environment (General Motors Company official website 2011). When analysis external environments, managers use P.E.S.T. (Political, Economical, Social and Technological) analysis of the external environment, P.E.S.T. analysis is a strategic management tool where managers interpolate business strengths, threats and opportunities offered by the market (Jagersma & van 2003). This report undertakes a P.E.S.T. analysis of General Motor Corporation in China. Political and legal environment China is world’s fast growing economy, the growth has been facilitated by international and domestic investments; GM has to comply with legal requirements of doing business in the country which include proper leg
It is unusual for many Emirati residents to use public transportation because bottlenecks in the local public system prevent them from doing so. Further, they lack awareness of its benefits. Individual car ownership is higher in this country’s capital than in some economic capitals of the world like New York and Tokyo. Policymakers can alter these statistics by dealing with the bottlenecks that prevent people from using public transport in the first place. Challenges exist in public bus transportation as feeder buses are rare. Passengers who board public buses often have to waste time waiting for buses to pick up passengers inside residential estates (Al Busaidy 12). This is terribly inconvenient and uneconomical for professionals. Local authorities ought to introduce feeder buses that carry people directly from their residential areas into a central bus point where another direct bus can take them up. The latter bus should be an express bus that goes to its destination without stopping along the way. This will dramatically reduce traffic because many buses park along with bus stops when picking passengers thus crowding the road. It is likely that time-conscious workers will respond positively to these changes by considering buses. Traveling times will shorten if a feeder bus services a large population and only travels a short distance. Express buses that go directly to their destination would also make a person’s journey seamless. The issue of time is also affected by the frequency with which public buses appear at their stations. Sometimes residents may need to get home or to work at a certain time only to find that buses work in the evenings and mornings. This lack of consistency and reliability prevents many people from choosing buses as a mode of transport. Emirati officials also need to examine some of the busiest transport networks to connect them. A lot of business takes place between residents of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Persons in Jebel Ali must contend with the inconvenience of going to distant locations to catch Abu Dhabi buses. If these two areas were connected then more passengers would use the public bus system. Additionally, some areas are a favorite for business transactions and meetings. It would make sense to have public transport routes that would facilitate this endeavor (Sambidge 9). The problem of parking has always been a phenomenal one in the UAE. Some of the individuals who own cars may find it more convenient to use public transport in the course of their day. For instance, someone could be traveling from outside the city and could need their personal cars to get into the city. However, upon arrival, excessive congestion or unawareness of city routes may necessitate the need for public transport. If authorities provided parking and riding schemes where car owners can park and use public buses, then more people would be involved. Incentives can encourage many in
Public libraries have always been at the heart of community development and growth in the United States. In the third century of their service to the nation, public libraries exemplify a unique source of cultural experiences and space for socialization and inclusion (McCook, 2011). Public libraries in America and elsewhere make a concerted effort to follow and meet the changing demands of diverse communities. Young adults have already become one of the main cultural targets of public libraries in the U.S. (Sannwald, 2007). Morrow Branch of the Clayton County Library System is no exception: professionals at Morrow Branch offer a variety of public programs and socialization opportunities for teenagers. Regular movie evenings add to the assortment of events held by Morrow Branch on a regular basis. In this way, public librarians try to enhance the development of self-conscious, literate, and independent citizens and, simultaneously, enrich and educate young adults through inclusion and lifelong learning. Clayton County Library System, Morrow Branch: An Overview Clayton County Library System is well-known for its commitment to providing community members with a diverse set of library services (Clayton County Library System, 2011). The organization’s mission is to contribute to the success of the citizens of our diverse community by offering a full range of library services that meet their informational, educational and leisure interests, fostering the love of reading in our youth and the lifelong pursuit of knowledge for all. (Clayton County Library System, 2011) The system operates through six different branches, with the total of 475,740 books available to readers and over 4,500 participants in the 2010 Summer Reading Program (Clayton County Library System, 2011). Morrow Branch works six days a week, covers almost 10,000 square feet of library and meeting space, with shelf space for 60,000 books, general seating for at least 100 visitors, and a meeting room for 50 people (Clayton County Library System, 2011). Morrow Branch has a well-designed area for children, with a story time corner (Clayton County Library System, 2011). The amount and scope of library ev
Introduction With the development of computer systems and networks, external threats to them grew, as well. To combat the problem, software engineers have developed a variety of cybersecurity methods aimed at preventing unauthorized access and minimizing the damage that it can cause. The process is still ongoing, with new vulnerabilities, attack methods, and protection frameworks emerging. Due to the nature of cybersecurity, the attackers typically have an advantage, as they can work anonymously and in locations where they cannot be reached. Hence, a person who works with electronic systems has to leverage their advantages and existing technologies to their fullest extent. To that end, it is essential to understand the basic notions that contribute to broader interconnected security frameworks. This essay will consider the latest advances in encryption, software controls, policies, and physical security, as well as their roles in ensuring the integrity of the system. Encryption Encryption is essential whenever transfers of information between distinct entities take place. These messages can be intercepted by a nefarious third-party, which would be problematic if they contain sensitive information. Moreover, due to current technology limitations, it is often impossible to detect that such leakage is taking place. Alternately, an invader can access files stored on a network-connected device, which are subject to the same problem. Encryption helps obfuscate the information in such a manner that only the holder of the secret cipher can understand the message. Having started centuries, if not thousands of years ago, encryption, both commercially available and military, has evolved to a state where attempts to decipher a message without a key are virtually impossible, even with a supercomputer. With that said, while encryption is a vital part of most technology nowadays, it is not without weaknesses. As Gonzalez III and Kemp (2019), quantum computers may circumvent current encryption techniques in the future due to their ability to guess keys quickly via highly parallelized brute force attacks, and Internet of Things devices often cannot afford to include the processing power needed for encryption and decryption. With that said, quantum computers may also create new encryption methods that are resistant to such manipulation, and solutions are being developed to resolve IoT problems. In general, the current state of the technology is satisfactory, and encryption is adequate protection as long as the attacker does not obtain the key. Software Controls Attackers will often gain control of a particular application as opposed to the entire system, as it is easier and faster to do so. If the program has the authority to run any code that the third party inserts, then this degree of access is typically satisfactory. Conversely, if the application’s abi
The Most Appealing Ideas Expressed by the Author The book “Everyday Antiracism: Getting Real About Race in School” by Mica Pollock was written for the purpose of presenting a very thorough and detailed discussion of the issues of race and the problems of racism in schools. Reading this book, I found it clever and appealing that the author started her writing by dedicating several chapters to the exploration of the concept of race and some of the related notions and terms. To be more precise, at the very beginning of the book, the author characterized race as an impractical and old-fashioned concept in relation to people’s biology and the ways their brains function. The author made her readers understand that racism, as a social phenomenon, was initiated based specifically on false beliefs about the alleged intellectual differences between people with different skin colors. Such beliefs were popularized as the only correct perceptions that eventually grew to dictate social attitudes in multicultural societies. In reality, due to the development of science and research, it became possible to find out that there are no differences in people’s brains that could be attributed to their racial backgrounds. Apart from this scientific approach taken to the explanation of the dynamics of races, I found it interesting how the author emphasized that the primary differences between people of various racial backgrounds are related to their socioeconomic status. As a result, since the differences between races present in the contemporary society are tangible and quite significant, the author states that simple awareness and nice attitude towards vulnerable groups are not enough and some practical changes have to take place in schools in order to address the problems. In addition, I found it appealing that the author mentioned that the concept of race is flawed as a set of categories describing people based on their background. Specifically, many ethnicities that exist in the contemporary world and have numerous representatives cannot be associated with just one particular race. Also, there are people who come from biracial families and cannot be associated with a single race as well. As a result, living in the modern globalizing world, one must always remember that diversity is a complex issue that requires complicated approaches and solutions in order to avoid unequal treatments and discrimination. The Implications of the Ideas in the Book for Me as an Educator The issues explored by Pollock in her book are directly connected to the profession of an educator and have many implications for teachers and school administrators. In particular, in multinational countries such as the United States, the problem of racism that is present not only on social and individual but also on the institutional level is one of the biggest current concerns. As a result, educators who work in public and private sector educational facilities are to become involved in the creation of solutions to the problem of racism by means of addressing all of its manifestations. Many educators work
Introduction Marketing communications refers to the activities involved in the transmission of a message touching on a service, product or organisation with the aim of making it more attractive to its target audience (Chaston 2002). In most cases, it is aimed at creating awareness on the service, product, or organisation. It can however also be used for the purpose of persuading potential customers to try what is being offered. As such, it is important in sales promotion. Coca-Cola is one of the world’s largest beverage retailer and manufacturers. Today, the company operates in over 200 countries spread across the globe. The company’s major brands include Coke, Coca Cola Zero, Diet Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Powerade, Minute Maid, as well as Schweppers (Ignatius 2015). The company is responsible for the marketing of these brands. During last summer, the company launched one of its most successful campaigns dabbed ‘Share a Coke’. The campaign was launched in Britain. Its target audience was loyal Coke customers. It was also aimed at promoting the sharing of Coke products. The campaign was carried out over a wide range of media. More emphasis was put on the broadcast media and the internet with the aim of reaching a wider audience. Instead of sharing the beverage in normal Coca-Cola bottles, customers can now purchase bottles branded with actual human names. The company achieved this by replacing their labels on the bottles with 250 of Britain’s most popular names. The campaign’s first phase was a success
The problem of conflicts between nurses and patients is very urgent. A conflict arises due to mutual rudeness, poor-quality treatment, and overestimated patient requirements. There are different systems of medical care and other types of medical practice through which any general principles can be expressed in complex and simple forms (Jacob et al., 2017). The solution to emerging problems leads to the fact that conflicts between the nurse and the patient arise more and more often. A conflict arose between a newly admitted patient in the emergency room and me. The patient was seventy-five years old and believed she should be given more attention than other patients. I firmly said that I treat all patients equally, and I will not devote more time to her at the expense of others. In response, the woman began to scream and promised to complain to the authorities. I allowed the patient to express her opinion, and then I promised the woman that I would be attentive to her. I assured the patient I would help her, but other patients also needed my help. My calm reaction to criticism allowed me to smooth out the conflict and bring the peaceful outcome of the dispute closer (Roy et al., 2019). The woman’s desire to make a scandal had disappeared when she began to trust me. A nurse needs to be not just a specialist in his field but a widely educated person to have a kind of professional flexibility. This implies the need for communicative interaction skills to anticipate a sick person’s psychological state (Hahne et al., 2020). Because of this, it is safe to say that the nurse should have developed a socio-psychological readiness for communication, which will help resolve the workplace conflict.
The video in question addresses the notorious Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. While being viewed as a legitimate analysis of a complicated health problem at the time, it is currently seen as one of the most atrocious instances of violating the autonomy and basic human rights of research participants. The fact that the researchers were driven by the principles of the Utilitarianism approach and viewed the deaths of Tuskegee people as an inevitable casualty seems the most surprising and deplorable one of all pieces of information represented in the video. Moreover, the study of the video shed light on the problem of ethics in the research of human sexuality. Due to the possible presence of inherent biases and acquired prejudices, the ethical aspect of research may become obfuscated, which may lead to devastating health- and ethics-related outcomes. The described problem turns out to be especially visible when considering the deplorable experiment, during which people were deliberately deprived of treatment for syphilis (Vlogs of Knowledge, 2016). Therefore, the importance of informed consent and patient education as opposed to the focus on the obscure greater good should be recognized in order to build and sustain legitimate scientific inquiry. Thus, the video has shown the importance of informed consent in research and the significance of following basic ethical principles. The well-being of participants should be placed at the top of the priorities’ list constructed when attempting to perform research. Therefore, the video in question has offered a plethora of information to consider when developing scientific inquiry and focusing on the exploration of a particular health issue. Overall, the concepts from the video can be utilized to improve the socio-cultural environment by positioning human life as the item of utmost importance, which is not to be jeopardized in any circumstances.