ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Agriculture discipline is very diverse because it incorporates crop and animal farming. Agriculture was the center of early civilization because the human race depended on agricultural products for survival (Eaton, 1998). Modern agriculture is very different from ancient agriculture due to the mergence of new technologies. The need for sustainable agriculture has made many farmers to shift from subsistence farming to commercial farming. Agricultural experts have come up with new technologies such as irrigation and selective breeding that have contributed a lot in increasing agricultural yields. Research and development in the field of agriculture plays a very critical role in coming up with new pesticides, fertilizers, high yielding crop varieties and most importantly modern management techniques (Andrews, 1994). Biotechnology and genetic engineering are important aspects of the agriculture discipline that have taken it to a higher level. The incorporation of science in agriculture makes it to be a very wide discipline with many branches such as agricultural engineering, animal husbandry, agronomy, crop biotechnology and industrial agriculture (Clark, 2012). Genetics is a biological discipline that deals with the study of heredity and the analysis of variations in organisms caused by heredity (Clark, 2012). The concept of genetics is very useful in biotechnology and genetic engineering. Genetics and heredity are much related because they are all concerned with generational passage of hereditary traits (Gelehrter, 1998). Genetics is a field of biological study that has led to many scientific breakthroughs that have been useful in coming up with a variety of cures for various diseases. The genetics discipline has been evolving over time especially with the emergence of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is a branch of genetics that deals with a direct intervention in genetic processes in order to alter genetic materials (Clark, 2012). Genetic engineering has been very useful in developing new treatments for certain diseases. The Human Genome Project has redefined the genetics discipline by introducing the study of the functioning of different genes in human cells (Khoury, 2000). The genetics discipline has a lot of application in environmental studies, clinical medicine and public health (Khoury, 2000). The central dogma of the genetics discipline is based on Crick’s theory that came into place in 1963 (Khoury, 2000). Crick discovered the DNA double helix that formed the foundation of genetic science. According to Crick, the DNA double helix is a molecular structure that acts as an agent of inheritance in both plants and
Introduction The argument about the superiority of the west and east dates back many centuries ago. Historians and academicians have different perspectives concerning this issue. However, it is unclear what has been used as the perimeter for measuring the superiority between the west and the east. If the deciding factor was technological advancement, standard and effective political systems, and economic and financial growth, then the gap between the west and east ought to have been closed by now. Contrary to what different forms of western media portray, the East in reality seems to be at the same level as the west. (Ian, 333) Learned historians have often wondered how Asian countries like China slipped when it was technologically advanced as early as the 15 th century and the west lagged behind it at that time. As early as 1405, the Chinese admiral Zheng had sailed with 27, 000 sailors. 87 years later precisely in 1492, after admiral Zheng had sailed the pacific, Christopher Columbus sailed with 90 men in three ships and he barely knew his location or destination. The western ships were not a match to those of China and this was a clear indication of China’s advancement. (Ian, 315) Apart from having 27,000 sailors, admiral Zheng also had 300 vessels and 180 medical personnel. To say Columbus’ ships were not of the same standard as Admiral Zheng’s ship is an understatement. It is very glaring that China’s ships were more advanced than the west’s primitive ships. Professor Ian Morris in his book entitled “why the west rules: for now” describes history as an interwoven, sluggish connection between social and geographical development. (Ian, 413) This paper will focus on addressing issues like why the west was in the lead down to 400CE and why it lost its leadership position at that particular time. Furthermore, the paper will explain how the west regained its leadership position around 1750CE and an educative guess will be made about what will happen in the future between China and the West will due to the technological development of both parties. Why the West was in the lead in 400CE Throughout human history, development in all forms has always been the priority of nations across the world. But this development seems to elude certain parts of the world in spite of their efforts and zeal to develop. The west’s dominance dates back to over 2000 years and its lead shrank down to about 1000BC. Development moves in dimensions and sometimes it is stagnant in one place for about 1 or 2,000 years before jumping forward again to somewhere else. (Ian, 458) The real reason why the West has dominated the world for over 2000 years without any strong contention remains unclear and it is almost a mystery. But what is more mysterious is the fact that, prior to the beginning of the west’s development, China had developed a century earlier. Although in spite of its early development, the west spurted forward and overtook China thus dominating th
Introduction Registered Nurses are certified by the Australian nursing and midwifery accreditation council to operate in various sections of the hospital in conjunction with medical officers, neurosurgeons, physical therapists, specialty nurses, and psychotherapists. RNs play multipurpose functions and may be liable for harmonizing resources that encourage patient well-being (Duff, 2019). Different duties performed by RNs incorporate assessing and decoding patient characteristics, executing diagnostic examinations, giving out drugs, and planning therapeutic strategies. These clinicians are needed to prepare the patient for diagnostic tests, help in procedures and post-surgery attention, document and conserve health data and help during clinical tragedies. The RNs can also work in non-medical units that affect their relationship with clients. They can manage, administrate, educate, research, advise, regulate, and policy development areas that influence safety, efficient service delivery in the profession, and use the nurse’s professional skills. RNs are accountable for independent practice in diverse structures and various medical experts (Muirhead & Birks, 2019). For the RNs to deliver services accordingly, they need continuous skill development and retain their competence for proficient service to humanity. My Vision for Nursing My vision in the nursing profession is for the registering bodies to evaluate nurses psychologically before the registration. The current standard and capabilities only check on education and skills and assume that expertise is the most important aspect of nursing. My idea is based on the fact that the nursing career is an emotionally demanding profession (Brennan, 2017). The practitioners handle the severe cases of the sick in the hospital daily. Some of the issues they deal with can be traumatizing, especially when patients die in their care. Physicians also create attachments with clients or vice-versa, which might escalate to the unprofessional association if not controlled, and this is only possible if the nurse’s emotional intelligence. Maintaining boundaries is a key ethical concern in the healthcare sector and can be achieved with mentally stable personnel. Emotional awareness and psychological care help in reducing work stresses. However, many nurses are not mentally capable of managing their career hardships (Van der Heijden et al., 2019). The above-stated are reasons the field is experiencing high employee turnover. Ensuring that medics are mentally prepared to execute their mandates is important to individual workers, patients, and the profession. Physicians with psychological intelligence are more self-aware of personal issues that can hinder their practice and take precautions. Emotionally aware clinicians interpret people’s behaviors under their care and can handle their patients in a more understanding manner (Van der Heijden et al., 2019). Clients that come to health care facilities are emotionally drained and expect whoever they meet in the hospital to support them mentally. Secondly, these medics can maintain a good working relationship with their colleagues, foster
Abstract Research has shown that Panax ginseng is one of the natural products that can be very effective in the treatment of diabetes in the United States of America. The prescription of the natural herb on the patient depends on the symptoms of the patient. The main objective of the research is to compare the effectiveness of the herb with western medicines in the treatment of diabetes by investigating the right dosage. During the research, this was done by administration of different dosages of Panax ginseng and measuring the effectiveness in reducing the level of blood sugar as well as improved psychological performance. Other than treating diabetes, the herb improves the health and general activity of the body and even prolongs his/her lifespan as the rest of the paper will explain. Introduction Among the most chronic diseases in the United States is diabetes and most of the deaths associated with the disease are out of hyperglycemia which largely affects blood vessels. Among these complications is neuropathy where the patient experiences pain especially if the disease is not properly controlled. The patient also suffers from reduced physical activity and a lack of concentration when sleeping. Most of the control methods employed as therapy for diabetes are based on blood sugar control and designing of programs geared towards controlled diet, reduction in weight if the doctor finds it necessary, as well as exercise. (Pan Tuck, 1993 p.37-41) According to Lee (1993) “Researchers have found that traditional medicine like ginseng has a lot of similarities to western medicines as far as its goals in controlling symptoms are concerned. However, the two are different in the way they conceptualize, diagnose, and even in treating the disease.” The main aim of the researcher in this project was to find out the main concept and remedies of Panax ginseng which would help in the evaluation and controlling of diabetes. Diabetes is classified into three categories each of which has its unique symptoms although in most of the patients during their illnesses all the symptoms of the three categories may show up. A number of herbal medicines have now been used to treat several ailments and among them being Panax ginseng has extensively been used in diabetic patient’s treatment and its prescriptions are determined by the symptoms of the patient. The researchers want to find out if the constituents of Panax ginseng exerts effects of hypoglycemic and therefore if treatment of diabetes with this herb can reduce the level of blood sugar and a better feeling of the patient as well as improved psychological performance. The researcher will investigate the required dosage if it is prescribed at between 100-200mg/day and if when it is administered to a patient, it increases consumption of carbohydrates in his or her body withou
Introduction The family is the nucleus of the society which is responsible for bringing up responsible members of the society. The family plays role in increasing the number of citizens and acts as a basic school where morals and skills are acquired by kids long before they join formal schools. As such, the relationships between the parents and the children are very crucial. Parents tasked with such a delicate and noble task of bringing up the kids must have proper mental, psychological and physical health to mentor their children. In other words, if parents are not wholly fit, children brought by such parents will probably lack some basic trainings and will have to rely on the formal school education. Therefore, there is a need to assist all parents and kids in enhancing their relationships so that home environment education was appropriate for achieving the main goal of education to produce better and healthy citizens. Two approaches are employed to foster such relationships. This essay seeks to show how the two approaches can give rise to one approach. The Two Approaches and Their Significance in Future Career The two approaches are family life education and coaching psychology. Family life education focuses on the family while coaching psychology focuses on individuals . Family life education involves professional educators who disseminate
Introduction Definition, Description, and Background of American and British Education System Different countries adopt different education systems; others have two systems and the students have the choice of the one to follow. American education system is a system that originated from the United States of America; the education starts when the child is about 5 years i.e. when he is expected to attend kindergarten. This lasts for one year. The second-year is still in the kindergarten but this year is taken as their first year of primary school. The term used for comparison of a single year is grade. Primary education has five grades and thus after completion a student is referred to as fifth-grade student. After the completion of the primary level, the students are admitted to secondary school for a total of seven years, this is from grade six to grade twelve. Grade six to eight is called Junior high school and grade nine to grade twelve are referred to as high school (Nicole, 2010). Upon the completion of twelfth grade the student graduates with a high school diploma. Before one has been admitted to college or university, he/she must have been in school for a total of twelve years after kindergarten. If a student wants to further his education, he then has to attend undergraduate school first. This is a high-level school that offers a two-year associate degree and/or a four-year Bachelor’s degree, in the case of Bachelor’s degree, the student must specialize in a certain area. Those undertaking associate degrees can advance for a Bachelor’s degree. This is however after attaining a certain grade, either in the graduate school or high school. After this level, the student has the choice of moving further or not. Those who decide to move further can enroll in a graduate school. This is a two-year Master’s level, where the student writes a thesis in an area that he has a background in from the junior level. Even after this the student can further their studies for a further three to six years degree; P.H.D. This is a doctorate degree. The duration of the degree depends on the complexity of the subject and the capability of the student (Yuriy, n.d). On the other hand, the British education system is a system that recognizes an early school attendance from three years. This means that the first two years are infant years that the child cannot be teamed as if he is in school but general upbringing of the child. For the next four years, they are referred to as junior school. Secondary school education takes a period between eleven years and sixteen years. The system followed is either GCSE or VCSE or both, those who are through with their first junior school are awarded an O-level (ordinary level) certificate. After that the students can take a further two years to attain an A-level certificate. A level certificate is offered when
Wal-Mart is the largest private sector employer company in the world. The multinational company started in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas as a group of small stores and now has 8400 stores [1] in fifteen countries these includes operations in diverse consumer markets like China, United Kingdom, Brazil and Mexico. The company has two million employees and serves in excess of two hundred million customers and members each week. In 2010 Wal-Mart International reported a US $ 100 Billion net sales mark. Growth of Wal-Mart has been driven by the theme of buying for less, operating for less and selling for less. This essay looks at the innovative management techniques, distribution methods and sales techniques employed by Wal-Mart and how they have affected the landscape of the retail industry and influenced government policy toward business. Wal-Mart operates in a retail industry characterized by competition from national or regional drug stores, variety and specialty stores, warehouse clubs, supermarkets and departmental stores, internet-based retailers among others for prime locations, quality employees, and customers [2] . Significance of Wal-Mart in the context of the period under study and business history in general Apart from innovating new ways of doing business in the retail industry, the company has also driven the level of efficiency in distribution and store operations to the highest levels and is now considered a trend setter in the industry. The management techniques first developed by Sam Walton, who started the company, are refined by senior management and are the reason behind the success of the company. Innovativeness is notably observed in the Wal-Mart’s employee management. Employees form the human resource cost of all businesses and Wal-Mart is not an exception. The company is considered a low-paying environment in comparison to its market. Wi
Introduction In fact, one of the most influential events in the world of diversity is Iowa Medicaid program development, which now covers gender-affirming care (Ring, 2021). This case is a clear application of correct addressing the issue as it was stated previously, one of the most considerable factors that disable diversity as the global trend is the exorbitant price for providing the surgery operation. The medicine intervention is inevitable since it is critical to change not only the physical appearance but also the primary factors that biologically distinguish males and females. However, Iowa state demonstrated the legitimate precedent that people should have the right not only to decide their gender type but also be able to change it through surgical operation. In this case, it is rational to analyze the problem from an economical perspective. Previously, the high price for medical intervention was a strong barrier for people who would like to change their considerations completely. Even though the classical principle of supply and demand provided insufficient incentive for surgeries to execute operations for a more affordable price, the governmental medical system could have provided the needed support. Nevertheless, the government provided reasonable intervention and corrected the externality effect by subsidizing surgery prices for people in strong need of surgery operation when it comes to gender changes. This event provides a considerable impact on society since more people now have not only legal but also financial freedom to choose their gender and orientation. At the same time, the inclusive society has influenced the creation of such a tendency on both state and countrywide levels. Moreover, large-capitalized corporations, the biggest taxpayers, demonstrated their readiness to consider that part of their tax payments would be spent on enabling people to change their gender by active participation during global and particular manifestations and festivals concerning diversity addressing. Yourself Nowadays, when speaking about myself, the Iowa case helped me to widen my world perception from historical and social perspectives. More specifically, I understood that throughout history, humanity was experiencing changeable periods from absolute freedom to the total abandonment of individual choice. These periods have a wide variation, but the general tendency is that totalitarianism as the general trend becomes less durable, while liberal governing exper
Introduction As Barnes ((n.d), pp. 2-3) argues, using fingerprints is one of the most dependable ways of identifying different individuals, as every individual has a unique pattern of fingerprints. Therefore, because of their uniqueness among different individuals’ fingerprints, the use of fingerprints as a mechanism of identifying individuals finds wide application in many scientific fields, for example, criminology. Fingerprints are marks left behind by the friction ridges of the skin once individuals holds or gets in contact with any surface. During identification, for examiners to determine the owner of the left behind friction skin ridge impressions, examiners must evaluate a number of factors between known fingerprints and the fingerprints in question. Such factors include the arch, loop, and whorl patterns and the minutia characteristics, for example, ridge ending s and bifurcation. History of Fingerprints Unlike other human characteristics, which change with time, the fingerprint ridge pattern remains the same as one grows older hence, making fingerprints the most dependable identification method. Historically, as dating experiments show, the first human fingerprints were left behind more than 4,000 years ago by builders of the Egyptian pyramids. In addition to such discoveries in Egypt, the use of fingerprints was also a common practice among Chinese traders in the 3 rd century B.C, as this was the most dependable method of proving that certain business transactions took place. Although the use of fingerprints was a common practice, individuals had no interests in the uniqueness of fingerprints until 1684, when an academician named Nehemiah published the first anatomical paper on fingerprints. This publication was followed by more scientific tests and publications on the uniqueness of fingerprints by scholars such as Marcello, J C Mayer, and Purkinje. Because of such discoveries, in 1858, the use of fingerprint for contractual purposes became an official practice in some countries, for example, India. The use of fingerprints for identification purposes took a turn in the late 19 th century with the discovery by Henry Faulds that fingerprints remained the same even after an injury. This discovery gave birth to more discoveries, some of them widely applied presently, for example, the use of printer’s ink to reproduce latent prints on surfaces (Barnes, (n.d), pp. 3-14) Fingerprint identification This involves the process of matching questioned fingerprints with some known fingerprints, as a methodology of authenticating the identity of the questioned fingerprints. Fingerprint identification (latent print identification) is of great significance in solving most crime cases as it provides o
Introduction This paper is a critical review of Technical Communication, Fourth Canadian Edition by Lannon & Klepp, Copyright 2009, from the publication house of Pearson Longman. Added to all kinds of benefits and advantages this book is an exclusive illustration of all societal impacts of the use of solar energy. The benefits and the added advantages to the state by solar energy has been well illuminated here. The illustrative means brings in the periphery that needs to be primarily used of solar radiation means for the practical ends. There are more provisions that states that all other renewable energies except for geothermal derive and converse energy from the amount of energy that has been received from the sun. Solar power and the innovations The phenomenal application of solar updraft tower is to bring in a solar chimney or in some instances the solar tower. Zedtwitz, P.V. (2006, pp.1333–1337), makes the comment that the purpose is to bring in a large greenhouse that will function for the filtration through a derivative funnels for the energy collection act into a central tower. In this experimental and innovative functionality the device gets activated along with the sunlight. As it shines on the greenhouse, the temperature of the air gets heated and further gets expanded. Aloísio Leoni Schmid, and Carlos Aug