ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract In establishing the benefits that would be accrued from legalizing medical marijuana, the report of U.S. Department of Health & Human Services SAMHSA together with National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) projections are used to reflect on the benefits of legalized medicinal marijuana in New York. These sources are backed up by the available articles. The collected data was analyzed by comparing revenue obtained and expenditure between states that have legalized marijuana and states that have not legalized marijuana. Another yard stick used was the comparison of court cases between states that have legalized marijuana and the ones that have not. The comparison revealed that states that have legalized marijuana had more revenue and less expenditure as compared to states that have not legalized it. This increased revenue could be attributed to taxes received from marijuana. Another shocking revelation was that in the states where marijuana is legalized, a suspect could incidentally be charged with another crime along with the possession of marijuana. This research paper explores the various ways New York City can benefit from legalizing medical marijuana. Literature Review The Current Situation in US Fighting Against Marijuana The US government marijuana prohibition has raised various controversies regarding its benefits to the government, entrepreneurs and the consumers. Recently, there has been a growing concern to legalize it, mainly for medical purposes (Gieringer et al., 2008). For this matter, states and cities have been wrestling with the question of what medical marijuana is or should be. Several states have recently legalized medical marijuana. However, several legal disparities exist regarding medical marijuana at state and federal levels that have made it illegal through Controlled Substance Act. The supporters of the Act point out that prohibition curbs trafficking, usage and ultimately reduce crime, thus enhancing productivity and good health. On the other hand, critics argue that prohibition has more reserved impacts on usage as much as trafficking and eventually, more problems arise (Gieringer et al., 2008). In order to understand how New York City would benefit from legalizing marijuana, the report by the “U.S Department of Health & Human Services (SA
Introduction Prostate cancer is an illness whereby cancer develops in the gland called the prostrate which is found in the male reproductive system. It is caused by the transformation of the prostate cells when they start to multiply out of control. The cells may multiply to all other parts of the body from the prostrate particularly to the lymph nodes and in the bones. (Ammy, 2003) The effects of prostate cancer include complexity in urinating, erectile dysfunction, pain, and other symptoms. Prostate cancer rates differ widely across the world. However, the rates vary widely between countries and this is indicated by the difference in prevalence rates between countries in East and South Asia where it is less common to the United States and Europe where it is most common. The sickness is least common among Asian men but it is more widespread in black men according to the American cancer society. Rising rates of findings may affect the high rates. The prostate tumor develops slowly but it is more widespread with men aged fifty and over. It is an infection that occurs in men alone because the prostate gland is solely found in the men’s reproductive tract. Prostate cancer is a disease that results in numerous deaths in men than any other cancer with the exemption of lung cancer. The disease is often revealed in the course of physical inspection or through blood tests such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The present concern about the truth of PSA tests has risen particularly in its expediency. Pathophysiology Adenocarcinomas make up about 95% of the prostate cancers that build up in the acini of the prostatic duct. The extra types of histopathologic cancers in the prostate gland crop up in 5% of the victims and these consist of mucinous, endometrioid carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the signet ring carcinoma. The disease is normally multimodal in the prostate gland and just about 70% of the illness exists in the (PZ) or the Peripheral zone. In the transition zone is found 20% of the ailment. As observed by some authors transitional zone prostate cancer is comparatively less aggressive but they have reiterated that the peripheral zone is more destructive and it has damaging effects on the periprostatic tissues. Biopsy strategies that are up-to-date focus more on the peripheral zone cancer and principally disregard transitional zone cancer. A study carried out on 147 patients with prostate cancer which was built on radical prostatectomy specimens showed that 80% of the transitional zone tumors were restricted in the organ. A less important tumor was found in the peripheral zone in 54% of the cases. Just about 15% of the cases had infiltration in the capsular, 2.6% attack in the seminal vesicle and 3.4% had lymph nodes metastases. The tumor,
Introduction Education broadens people’s horizons and often brings light to people’s lives. However, some regard it as a certain routine, and some young people even see education as some kind of punishment as older people use their authority to tell the youth how to live. Some students are ready to follow the rules and be obedient. Some young people try to rebel and make older people (especially educators) see that they do not have power over them. These young people (they are often teenagers) stop studying (they cut class or do not work hard and do not do homework). However, some people (including me) understand that education can be a form of rebellion, and it is possible to achieve a lot and make a difference if you study hard. Obedience In the first place, it is possible to note that lots of people study because they are all obedient. It is a universal truth that all people are different, but they share a similar feature as they are all ready to follow certain rules if there is some kind of authority. The renowned psychologist, Milgram calls this “state of mind” “agency” (qt. in Meyer 292). In other words, people do not even think of forces that make them do something as they focus on one idea, the idea of necessity. Thus, some people study because they are told to do this by someone who has authority. Education has become a norm, and people do not even doubt that they have to go to school. I have to admit that I am one of such people. Interestingly, I could not understand why I am so obedient when it comes to studies. I thought I had some unique features. Now, I see that I am not an exception as millions of people are characterized by obedience. Elements of Education Enlightenment Importantly, education is light, and people have to have the courage to see it. Plato compares this to people wandering in the darkness without education, and when they learn more, they are able to see the light of the sun (Plato 334). Notably, knowledge can be associated with “sharp pains” as people often have to put stereotypes and things they believed aside (Plato 334). They have to work hard and even suffer from studying and learning more. For me, knowledge is light, and I learn much about the world around me. I also find out facts from our past, and this makes me understand more. Of course, reading books and researching is not associated with physical pain, but it requires time and effort. Hence, for somebody, this can be quite a painful experience. Notably, education changes the way people see the world. Plato notes that those who return from the room full of light to darkness may seem blind and “ridiculous” (Plato 335). People who live in darkness may say that this person is a fool as he/she has invested too much effort for nothing. Nonetheless, the person will know that his knowledge is priceless, and this person will want to share his/her knowledge. I was in such a situat
Abstract The aim of the research was to determine the right marketing mix for price, promotion, product, and place for Yorkshire Tea to put it at a competitive edge with its key competitors by identifying and determining the right market and their needs to tailor its product to meet customer needs. Introduction Yorkshire Tea is one of the tea beverages that are widely consumed by a number of people in the beverage market occupying about 27% of drinks besides alcohol, water, soft drinks, and coffee. Research has shown that Yorkshire Tea occupies a 20% share of the market while its closest competitors PG Tips is estimated to occupy 18%, Twinning’s estimated to occupy 18%, Tetley estimated to occupy 16%, and Other brands that occupy 28% of the market. The demographic consumption of Yorkshire tea is characteristic of an even distribution. Product information is readily available online, magazines, newspapers, and other retail outlets. Methodology A five member team was formed to conduct the research discussed as follows. These members consisted of Leo, Emma, Jason, Imad, and the group leader. The team planned way before hand on the tools to use for conducting the interview and analysing the results. According to their plan, questionnaires were administered on a number of male and female participants. The percentage composition of the participants in age was designed as follows: below 16-2%, 17-25-42%, 26-35-34%, 36-45-18%, 46-59-4%, and above 60-0%. The team had identified the outside of the shopping mall located near Univercity. Each participant was required to provide information by filling in the questionnaire on one’s most preferred drink, and the frequency with which the drink of choice was taken. In addition to that, participants were required to fill in the questionnaire on the most preferred tea among the range of tea beverages that were perceived to be York Shire’s Tea competitors. Competing tea beverages against Yorkshire that were researched on included, Yorkshire Tea itself, PG Tips, Twinning’s, Tetley, and other tea beverages from other destinations. Each participant was required to indicate how they came to know Yorkshire Tea with the options of Televisions, magazines, Newspapers, and people to select from. Other information sources could be online and an individual’s own encounter with the product. According to article Novak (2010, p.1), further research was conducted on the volume of sales of York Shire Tea and the packaging done on the product. The effect of different packaging methods and the perceived value and customer loyalty to the brand thus created were identified to range from light red, dark red, blue, brown, and green and their respective percentage packaging were analyzed. Customers supplied information on their preferred product price, which was evaluated on the scale of very expensive, expensive, fair, and cheap to very cheap. The information was presented graphically for analysis purposes. According to McNamara (n.d, p.1), each respondent was required to provide information on the most preferred customer they thought the product was tailored to target. In addition to that, each participant provided recommen
The work deals with different theories and approaches to how a manager can motivate the staff under his or her supervision. Learning It is quite obvious that proper motivation is a key to the successful performance in any work environment, culture or sphere of work. However, when working on certain business theory, including approaches to motivating the workforce, its developer thinks within the context of cultural and other subjective circumstances. First theories of work motivation were mostly developed in Western countries. It is surprising to know that despite many years of theoretical reflection, many approaches to cross-cultural job motivation did not adapt to the multi-cultural model. Many theories just divided employees of different cultures into Easterners and Westerners or in other words, individualists and collectivists. Nevertheless, there are much more cultural factors than we usually consider. The culturally-sensitive equity model based on the recognition of factors important for either individualistic or collectivistic societies tries to make an account for those factors, including preferable inputs, outcomes, choice of referent other and motivation to reduce the inequity between the staff (Fadil et al. 2005). However, from my point of view, the motivation can change during one’s lifetime since if there is a strong corporate culture in the workplace the new employee can relate to it as well. Thus, not everything is determined by the national-based approach, although this theory has its strong point since many of our behaviours derive from the culture we grew in. Reflection In all the workplaces, I am familiar with there is a positive tendency to be sensitive and tolerant of the issue of the national and cultural background. However, the majority of managers pay not so much attention to how that background system of values can be used to motivate a subordinate to work better. On the other hand, such thing as ingroup confrontation vs. ingroup cooperation can make a significant distinction. A person with a strongly collectivistic mind will not be comfortable with the confrontational and competitive atmosphere in the group. Such situations have happened in the workplace familiar to me; the person in question had no motivation to work because of a lack of cooperation in the group. The best solution I would try to apply if I were a manager, is to find the group task that presuppo
Introduction Organizations’ performance largely depends on the environment under which they operate. Here, environment can mean either internal or external factors that directly or indirectly affect how an organization operates towards achieving its set goals. These factors are known for causing either positive or negative impacts that consequently influencing how that organization works. In most cases, environments dictate how organization operates, and the more stable an environment is, the more successful it will be. At times, organizations can change their way of operation or structural body in order to match with the environmental conditions. Environment also has a contribution towards the strategic plan of the organization. This is important because it provides means in which set goals and objectives are achieved. For an organization to perform best, it must have competitive advantage in that, it must be in a position to offer different goods and services in a different manner with the immediate organizations or of the same goods and services but in a different way that is most likely to satisfy the customer. Other factors in the surrounding that are likely to have an impact on an organization include; the market in which it operates, availability of skilled labor, availability of required resources and raw materials, accessibility, availability of potential customers and their level of demand for the products. The internal factors may include; management, organizational structure, availability of funds and synergy aspects in the organization (Draft, Marcic, 2010). In some cases, organizations can change the environment under which they operate; this is due to the objectives, goals, vision and mission of the organization. Due to the services delivered, organizations can affect its surrounding either negatively or positively. The type of environment available is bound to determine how an organization will operate either for the better or worst. How environment shape organizations The ability of an organization to succeed depends with the ease with which it adapts to the new envi
Educational neuroscience is an upcoming field of science that brings together scholars and researchers in educational psychology, cognitive neuroscience, education theory, and developmental cognitive neuroscience among other related disciplines in exploring the various interactions that exist between education theory and biological processes. Neuroscientific research is arguably one of the major areas of study which have continued to draw increased human concern and attention in the world. According to Goswami (2007), Neuroscience plays the key role of bridging the gap between the two disciplines, through a more direct form of dialogue between educators and researchers who work together to bring light in the understanding of how the brain functions. Educational neuroscience plays the significant role of emphasizing the overall understanding of the various codes of neuroscience as it is applied in the modern world of scientific study of the human mind and the brain. In that case, the discipline has presently continued to receive great support and concern from both educators in the field and cognitive neuroscientists. As a result of this heightening concern, various academic institutions from allover the world have expressed their willingness to play an active role in supporting the study of educational neuroscience. The contents of this paper reveal how findings in neuroscientific study and recent discoveries on the functions of the brain impact differentiation in the classroom. It is obviously clear that educators ought to be informed about developments in the brain research and the recent big concern of neuroscientific study meets this requirement in a more realistic approach, thus forming an impressive potential at increasing human understanding of learning and teaching. However, educators should always try to be cautious about the current explosion of neuroscientific research, and they should go for only those findings and observations that are well established. Neuroscientific research offers a diversity of findings on how the brain learns and these insights, even though not all of them would be close to perfection, helps educators to strengthen their knowledge, thus establishing positive grounds for further learning (Sousa & Tomlinson, 2011). From these diverse findings, both educators and learners are able to construct their own understanding on the possible relationships. These observations raise many connections through which new opportunities of combining theory and practice are applied. This way, avenues for new knowledge are highly encouraged and facilitated. More importantly, neuroscience research provides a poo
Article Summary The article is an analysis of how the government policies affect the success of firms in developing countries. It analyses how the environment in the countries as manipulated by the governments results in the firms developing new strategies of adapting so as to remain relevant in business. The article analyses how economic factors at the micro level affect the capability building processes in business (Figueiredo, 2008). Strength The article has strength in that it embraces the assimilation theory in analyzing and interpreting the evidence collected or observed in several sampled firms. In addition the fact that it engaged in sampling several firms that had different histories in the manner in which they were set up or initiated is, in itself, a merit. It analyses the firms’ capability building in terms of the capability sources in the established firms. Weakness The article however has several weaknesses in that its findings are as a result of carrying out a study in the Latin America continent specifically in areas around the Amazon. These countries, though developing countries, may not necessary represent the true environment in other developing countries. Conclusion The findings in the article are realistic and can therefore be applied in real world by established business firms.
Introduction The Soviet Union included the modern day Russian Federation and other states around that include Ukraine, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Kazakhstan among others. During the time, Soviet Union was the most powerful world’s power. Its might can be traced back in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. It remained powerful until 1992 when it collapsed. Over the past, the Soviet Union has been in conflict with the United States. This led to cold war between these leading powers. In the Soviet Union, theater played a major role in the state since it was used as a major tool in promoting individual interests. The formation of the Soviet Union can be traced back in 1917 when the people got tired of the monarchy system which, was led by Czar Nicholas II. [1] In those times, most people in the Russia supported the socialism system, a form of production where the means of production are owned communally by the society. In 1922, the revolutionary regime got victory where it succeeded in forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics [2] . The main goals of the union were formation of a powerfully economic base. As already noted, theater played a significant role in the Soviet Union. The industry attracted the attention of many people for entertainment as well as informing purposes. Theater in the Soviet Union was to some extent controlled by the government. This was in an attempt to protect their interests. For instance, the leaders did not condone plays which reflected negative acts in the leadership. For instance, leaders seriously opposed performances which displayed corruption in the government. Theatre was a major tool which was used during the early revolution. This is due to influence it has on people. Theater in the Soviet Union The Soviet Union has a very interesting cultural heritage in theatre. One of these theaters is the Leningrad’s Theatre and Moscow’s Bolshoi Theater. [3] These attracted many people across the globe who visited the Soviet Union to be entertained. These performances were performed in huge festive halls which accommodated a large number of audiences. [4] The Soviet Union recognized the contributions by the performers who performed on the Soviet Theater arenas. In connection to this, the performers were given certain benefits which encouraged them to put more efforts in their performances. For instance, the performers enjoyed world wide travel, state honors and luxurious apartment as rewards for their contributions in terms of arts. Consequently, these performers were encouraged due to the recognition of their efforts by the state. They shared more time rehearsing which maintain high level performances in the Soviet Union theatre. However their performances were to be directed by the needs of the leaders. Otherwise they were not entertained. In the Soviet Union Theater, the artists who followed the regime’s theatre guidelines were accorded special recognition for their artistic performances. However, those artists who deviated away from the regimes or who demonstrated views which were never reflected by the regime’s artistic standards faced a lot of shame. [5] However, their per