ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Canada became the second country in the world to legalize the cultivation and consumption of cannabis in 2018. It was a highly controversial decision, which sparked heated debates. Both proponents and opponents of the legalization offer sound arguments supported by extensive research. It is evident that each side has considerable and compelling evidence to strengthen its own position, and it makes the discussion even more intense. Nevertheless, more and more individuals state that the legalization of marijuana has more benefits than drawbacks. Undoubtedly, this perspective is worth more consideration, as the advantages of the decriminalization of cannabis are evident. On the one hand, legalizing marijuana can lead to a multitude of adverse consequences. For example, according to Lake et al. (2019), the increase in cardiovascular problems is associated with cannabis legalization. It is a harmful substance, which negatively affects the brain, lungs, and heart and causes different health issues. Furthermore, Fischer et al. (2019) note that car accidents involving injuries or fatalities are likely to occur more often if the drug is legalized. Many people can drive under cannabis being less attentive and concentrated. Besides, the substance is addictive, and it is challenging to stop consuming it. In general, the arguments against marijuana legalization are powerful, although there is another position to consider. On the other hand, the decriminalization of cannabis can lead to a number of positive outcomes. For instance, Hajizadeh (2016) state, “Legalizing marijuana provides an important advantage over prohibition because it allows for the government to collect taxes from the legalized drug” (p.454). Undoubtedly, it is beneficial for the economy and creates numerous new jobs. Moreover, Lake et al. (2019) emphasize that drug legalization is associated with a significant reduction in opioid use. Even though marijuana has negative health consequences, they are less adverse than other legal and illegal drugs in use. Finally, it is irrational to ban the substance while alcohol and tobacco are legalized. The government should not prevent adults from consuming the drug, which is relatively harmless. Therefore, the legalization of cannabis is a reasonable decision causing many positive results within society. In addition, it is essential to evaluate both positions critically before making any conclusion. The presented evidence is reliable, as it is retrieved from credible sources, written by true experts in their fields, and employs much research information. However, it is evident that the proponents of cannabis legalization have more powerful arguments. First, most studies support their perspective due to empirical data gathered throughout recent years. Second, Fischer et al. (2019) note, “While it continues to be controversially discussed, primary objectives of the cannabis legalization as a major policy reform include the protection of public h
Introduction Politics of the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa). Foundation Post-WW I. Effects   * Ottomans defeat.   * Collaboration with UK to form Arabic Kingdom.   * Division into independent states. Post-WW II Effects   * Betrayal.   * Democracy and communism.   * Positive influence of cold war (Economic and political stability). Notes History is complete with political hiccups behind it. This paper covers an evaluation on the international politics of the MENA region alongside discussions on the history behind its political platform. The foundation of the politics around the MENA region was post-World War I where the Ottomans experienced a tremendous defeat. There was collaboration of the Arabs and Britain with an intention of forming the Arabic Kingdom. This goal was not achieved and disappointment was registered by the end of the World War I. Importantly, there was division of the area into independent states. In the fall of World War II, betrayal was the order of the day, prompting decolonization and democracy. This enhanced political and economical stability. Cold war effects on diplomatic front   * Great Britain-US merge, compelling Soviet to honor talks.   * French takes a softer stand. Why MENA region   * Resources (oil), trade-links, position (strategically):       + British enjoyed influence in MENA giving more economic support.       + MENA disliked Soviet.       + Soviet pondered the more favored British system to spur growth.       + MENA skeptic of British support. Notes Great Britain collaborated with the US to gang up against the threat of Soviet since it showed no urgency to withdraw from its previous colonies as per the diplomatic talks. However, the French were a bit relaxed on this. There was belief by the West that should the Great Britain and France discontinue there occupation, the Soviet Union would step up. The UK-France union sort to have its expansion of powers to the MENA region, graced with resources such as oil production, trade-links, and are strategically located. Colonization may have seemed to end, but the actual independence transition was still underway. The British dominated this area. The system of Soviet Union was clearly not embraced vis-à-vis its rivals.’ Despite the economic support, MENA mistrusted British. How is decolonization of French different?   * used direct rule.   * They had intentions to maintain and oversee help in package of the military support in mind. French denied Muslims equal rights, prompting independence Consequences of independence struggles:   * Bloodshed.   * Algeria and Tunisia became states.   * Joined Britain and the US to become ant-imperialists. Relationship was delicate (since British and US were anti-communists). Egypt’s Gamal maintained a balance between warring factions only to ditch communist-Soviet later. Notes The French explored a unique decolonization system. Unfortunately, the results experienced afterwards w
Introduction Value chain analysis refers to the analysis of the firm’s capabilities and products to meet the customers or end users needs perfectly. Value chain analysis is important in accessing whether the firm meets the needs of the customers in a perfect manner (CMA Canada, 1999). Main body X-Copper is a firm that provides professional legal services to the people in the society who are charged with traffic offences, criminal charges, commercial vehicle offences or any other form of offence related to traffic tickets defense and impaired driving charges based in Ontario. X-cooper is a professional corporation that operates and provides legal services under authority of law society of Upper Canada. These are the main services that are provided by the firm but under each one there are the offences related to them (X-Copper, 2008). Traffic offences the firm deals with include careless driving, lack of insurance, speeding and any other related offence, criminal offences include impaired driving, theft, assault, dangerous driving and any other related offence while on the other hand commercial trucking offences include fight tickets, conduct audits, driver training and any other related offence. The firm provides services related to this offences and charges to their clients, what they do is that they defend the client until they see that he/ she is not charged on those offenses (X-Copper, 2008). In order to ensure that there clients are highly satisfied and they receive the best from the firm, the firm ensures that their clients receive professional services from lawyers, paralegals and former police officers. This is because these are people who are experienced in those fields and when they handle client’s case they will do it to the best of their ability and knowledge. The firm has the needs of the clients at their heart
Abstract Parents play a significant role in the growth and development of a child. Maternal relationship is the first social interaction a baby forms after birth. However, in some instances, this relationship may be withdrawn from a child attributing to various consequences. Parental rejection occurs when a mother, father or guardian is absent from a child’s life. Parental rejection could be physical, psychological or emotional. According to a study conducted by Janetsian et al. (2018), maternal rejection in children affect recognition memory (RM) development with inhibited COMT and GAD67 expressions. Also, Gee et al. (2013) note that maternal support is critical in the maturity of prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in connection to amygdala. However, maternal withdrawal leads to cognitive, psychological, and neurodevelopmental disorders. In most instances, the effects of maternal rejection prolong to adulthood and can slowly be overcome through counselling. This paper notes various forms of parental rejection and their effects to children and adults. Introduction People who suffer parental rejection as children develop consequential attributes into their adulthood. Human beings are born with the need to love and be loved as a tactic for survival (Bernet et al., 2019). A parental bond is the first relationship that children form immediately after their birth. However, some parents become absent from their children’s lives leading to the children having a feeling of rejection. Mohsene (2019) argues that parental rejection can be in the form of physical, psychological, and emotional abandonment of a child by a parent. Parental rejection can either be from a mother, a father, or a guardian. However, rejection from a mother seems to have more severe consequences of the three categories (Fischer and Cardea, 1982). Babies tend to form stronger bonds with their mothers than other people in their social circle. Thus, maternal deprivation especially at an early ag
Introduction Ritz-Carlton Hotels is a well known company with a good reputation globally especially when it comes to exemplary customer service. It has a unique corporate culture from other hotels and lodgings across the globe. Its guests are always given a royal treatment by exceptionally trained employees in every detailed standard. It also has a unique motto printed on employees’ cards; “we are Ladies and Gentleman serving Ladies and Gentleman.” The company is currently operating a different customer approach it adopted in mid 2006; “do not tell employees how to make guests happy”. The old one was so prescriptive and scripted. The current approach is based on outcomes. However, this has not affected the company’s goal which is to make a guest happy by rendering better services. In this new customer service philosophy, staff members react with the guests in a natural environment unlike in the old approach which seemed like they were reading from a book. Cultural dimensions The current organization culture at Ritz-Carlton can be described as outcome-oriented. Managers’ focus is more on results; the reason why they insist on pleasing a guest. The manner in which employees do this is no longer the managers’ concern unlike in the old culture where employees were expected to follow laid down rules to reach this objective. The managers do not just expect the guests to be happy but also delighted by the services offered by the employees. The company executive also considers this during selection of new staff members. The advantage of this culture is that executive focuses less on managing employees (Forssell, 2004). Once they have picked the right people, they give them the opportunity to spread their wings. They almost don’t have to manage employees. However, this culture may omit certain aspects in the early stage that affect the overall performance of the organization because it only focuses on results (Robbins, 2011). Another cultural dimension that has been taken by this organization since 2006 is people orientation. From the motto; “we are Ladies and Gentleman serving Ladies and Gentleman”, it is clear that the employees are also considered special by the organization. This culture shows that it is not just the business that maters but also the employees who work tirelessly to ensure that guest receive a better treatment. The success of a business does not necessarily mean building a market share but connecting to the target. This culture is important because employees who connect to the guests are already motivated to work. Another important aspect of this cultural dimension is that managers are always patient and factor every person’s opinion before making any decision (
The Coca-Cola Company is one of the most famous businesses in the world. With 200 brands worldwide, the company is a leading producer of coffee, tea, juices, sparkling soft drinks, and others (Coca-Cola Company, n.d.). It is not a surprise that the business has numerous production facilities all over the globe and incurs enormous manufacturing costs. The company deals with labor, material, and overhead costs that can be further classified into fixed, variable, or mixed ones. The Coca-Cola Company incurs various manufacturing costs to make its products available for buyers. According to Walther and Skousen (2009), direct materials include all the physical objects that are required for manufacturing. For example, they are raw materials, packaging, various dietary additives, and other costs. Labor expenses refer to wages that are paid to employees who are directly involved in making the Coca-Cola products (Walther & Skousen, 2009). As for overhead costs, they consist of insurance, repair, taxes, communication fees, indirect labor, and others (Walther & Skousen, 2009). This information demonstrates that the Coca-Cola Company deals with three manufacturing cost categories. It is also rational to comment on what expenses are variable, fixed, or mixed. According to Walther and Skousen (2009), the cost is variable when it is “expected to increase with each additional unit of output” (p. 37). This group includes material, labor, fuel, and other expenses. As their name suggests, fixed costs do not fluctuate irrespective of how much produce is manufactured (Walther & Skousen, 2009). Rent and property taxes are the most evident examples of these expenses. Finally, mixed costs imply both a fixed and variable component (Walther & Skousen, 2009). Mobile communication fees are a suitable example because a monthly payment is used together with excess minutes’ costs. Thu
Prevention of crime is a special kind of social control One of the main functions of the state is to fight against crime and its eradication. In criminology, crime prevention refers to a wide range of interrelated mentioned activities conducted by public authorities and the public in order to eliminate of and address the causes of its generators. However, to date there is no single view of the fact whether the notion of «prevention» Crime Prevention to the phenomenon. Crime is directly related to the causes and conditions contributing to it. Crime Prevention is designed to provide appropriate effect on these causes and conditions, so that, on the one hand, prevent them, but on the other – to halt or reverse the impact of the crime of those who have not yet been able to solve. Prevention of crime is a special kind of social control to ensure the security of a legally protected property and is the development and implementation of targeted actions to identify and eliminate the causes of crime, the conditions conducive to such an act, as well as the provision of preventive effects on those who are likely to wrongful conduct. Crime prevention and family Speaking about crime prevention it is worth saying that family is very important in this process. Everything begins from family. Many families meet the important problems in upbringing children. Especially these problems are obvious in transferring period: children – young people. Mostly it is connected with the pubertal period. At this age people experience some serious changes in their psychology and physical state. The psychological and physical developments are very frequent and that is why young people are always anxious and it is very difficult for them to make the decisions. On the other hand young people at that age begin to feel that they need respect from the side of their parents and peers. They want their parents to conduct them as full-fledged persons. At the same time the interests of young people are not in the frames of their family any more, they meet new people and enter society independently. Taking into account everything that was mentioned above it is worth concluding that young people demand much attention from the side of their family at that time. It is the very time when parents should have a great impact on their children in order to achieve success in the relationship between them. Parents should understand the demands of their children, their spiritual needs. The most successful variant of upbringing is establishing good, human and emotional relationship between generations. The members of family complete each other and need attention. Only if their feelings towards each other are sincere, the stable and good relationship is possible. (Washton, 1991) Family is very important in the process of the relapse prevention among youth. There are many socio-cultural factors that cause the drug addiction. The most noticeable factor is the communication with people who had some experience of drugs taking. Such people are real and serious danger for youth. Usually young people trust their friends who have experienced drugs taking and they believe that it is reall
Introduction The current memo concerns the description of the data collection method to be used in this report. The integration of an interview is critical to the process of data collection since it will allow gathering the information that can be utilized to facilitate a seamless transition from the U.S. market to Indian and Brazilian ones for Walmart. For this purpose, one will need to interview both the company’s employees and its target customers in the selected markets to ensure that the firm will be able to function in a new economic setting (Rong, Wu, Shi, & Guo, 2015). By focusing on the identification and assessment of its key stakeholders’ needs, Walmart will be able to determine the marketing strategy and the approach for entering the selected economic settings. The paper is going to address the methods of data collection to be used for the project. Specifically, a thorough description of the process involving gathering the key facts will be provided. Afterward, the tools for testing the proposed instrument will be introduced. Finally, interview questions, including both situational and behavioral ones, will be listed to give a general idea of the data to be processed during the analysis. Detailed Description of the Interview Process The interview is expected to help to shed light on the current issues faced by Walmart and the means
The purpose of the present project is to identify the ways that may be used to select the product concept of the ‘SolarWinds project. There is a set of traditionally accepted ways to produce this selection that is a complex and multi-staged undertaking. At first, it is very important to stipulate the number of alternatives for the concept selection, as the appearance of every new notion is always accompanied by certain hardships. It is thus necessary to obtain a clear idea of what the type of product should be, to what characteristics it should correspond, and what qualities it should possess. In another way, the creators of the project may risk the success of their undertaking if they fail to understand the initial profile of the product that may prove to be successful. The process of selecting the concept of the product first of all lies in the process of limiting the number of alternatives. It is not that good if the number of alternatives is either large or small, but the creators and concept managers should try to choose an average number of concepts to create sensible competition between the alternatives and to ensure the reasonable integration of qualities in the process of the final choice of one concept. Thus, the process of rejection of ex
Consumer-driven health care is a three-level health insurance plan that enables members to directly pay their routine health care costs through medical payment products such as Health Reimbursement Accounts and Health Savings Accounts. The first tier is a savings account, the second is out-of-pocket payments, and the third is an insurance plan. The members are protected from devastating medical expenses by a high-deductible health plan. These high-deductible policies are cheaper. The members use a pre-funded spending account to pay their routine medical dues using debit cards that insurance or bank plans provide. When there is no longer any balance in the account, the members are expected to pay their dues as in a regular deductible. This system ensures health budget control to the patients as consumer-controlled accounts are employed in settling routine claims. The consumers have the power to make decisions about the type of health care that is administered to them. Consumer-driven health care plan gives the patients the power to control their health care costs and, therefore, they are able to avoid spending on low-value and unnecessary health (Yi, 2010). One argument against Consumer-driven health care is that people might disregard preventive care. The patients might neglect preventive care in order to preserve the money in their accounts. When the patients are faced with the option of paying to prevent future illnesses with money at their cost, they might disregard it. They may underrate the possible danger of ignoring preventive care. The consumers may also assume that the appropriate policy will definitely cover the medical costs if they fall sick. If there is no separate funding provided to cater for preventive care, people will end up neglecting it (Gould, 2006). However, this criticism is unfounded as the consumers who own the Health Savings Accounts are more likely to seek information about the benefits and costs of the plan and plan for their future medical needs. They are also more likely to take part in preventive programs including stress management, nutrition, and exercise. Moreover, any good consumer-driven health care plan will provide separate funds and special support for health care for the prevention of illness in future. These include screening tests and regular checkups. The National Health Care Plan aims to grant access to medical insurance to the Americans. The plan will ensure that more people access insurance by expanding Medicaid and helping low and middle income