ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The film ‘Superbad’ is a ‘coming of age’ genre of movies, dealing with the fear of parting of teenagers from friends and family while proceeding to college. It is a bizarre comic film, and encompasses scenes that are vulgar and crude. Teenage behavior is represented at its earthy best and some of the scenes pertaining to natural biological occurrences are shown in rather lewd manner. Main text The film revolves around the final days at school of two friends, Seth and Evan who experience the normal fears and apprehension of leaving school life, friends and family for setting out to college. Both the friends are headed to two different colleges and the film intelligently depicts the fear of loss and separation among the youth. The two American teenage boys are aspiring to seduce their dream girls and wish to be invited to a party to achieve this. They realize that the only possible way to do this is by faking their identities and entering the party with a truckload of liquor, and what follows is some gross comedy and some rather lewd dialogues. The adolescent high school structure of society has been well depicted in the film. The film and the friendship of the two boys, along with the feelings they have is a representation of the emotions of majority of youth, who are immature and are emotionally weak individuals. The socialization process of the youth by way of friendship is depicted in the film, in which case, the agents of socialization are friends and society. Friends play a crucial role in the establishment and development of ideas with regard to gender roles and sexuality. The film depicts this process of sexual development in the youth and their innate desire to lose their virginity before going to college. Seth and Evan are aspiring to strip themselves of their “old” self-image and “recreate” it. This helps in creating a new image of self or Charles Cooley’s “the looking glass self” according to which we as individuals acquire a sense of personal self from the way others perceive us. Cooley also explained the self-perception process according to which we as individuals imagine how others view us. The film also has a scene where the friends have been intoxicated and proclaim their true, sex-free love for each other. The scene is more comical than emotional and is a pointer at the homosexuals, highly prevalent in the society of America. The true sentiments of love and friendship depicted in the scene are moving are identify the deepest feelings true adolescent friends harbor for each other. The theme of friendship and the role of friends in the socializa
Contracts are crucial in major business transactions. However, it is a recommendation to remain careful when entering into any agreement in the name of a contract. People must ensure that the agreements meet the definition of contracts (Melvin, 2011). A contract is a written document that is legally binding and involves more than one party. In view of the agreements between BTT and Chou, there were no contracts between them. The oral agreement does not meet the definition of a contract because a contract must be in writing. There was nothing to show that they signed a contract (Melvin, 2011). However, Chou could prove that he was in the process of signing a contract with BTT. He could use the fax message from BTT against it to show that it had initiated a process of signing a contract with him. He could claim that he left another deal because he expected to sign one with BTT, only for BTT to cancel in the last minute (Melvin, 2011). Email communications between BTT and Chuo have not contributed to the above analysis. The fact that there was email communications between Chou and BTT cannot prove that there was a contract between them, or they were about to sign a contract. Email accounts can be victims of hackers. There could be a possibility that their email accounts were under attacks by cyber criminals, which led to communications between the two emails accounts (Melvin, 2011). The statute of frauds plays major roles in the case involving BBT and Chou. The statute is very clear that every contract must be in writing, signed, and must have adequate proof that shows the legality of the contract. BTT and Chou got in agreements that did not have sufficient proof to show that they were contracts. In the preliminary agreement, there was no any proof that it was a contract because the details of the agreement remained with the two parties exclusively. The second agreement was oral, which the statute of frauds does not recognize (Melvin, 2011). There was no way BTT could avoid the contract with reasons defendable by the doctrine of mistakes. Doctrine of mistakes could only apply when there was a misunderstanding of a contract by one or all the parties involved in the contract. The fax message that BTT sent to Chou was categorical that there was a different management, which was no longer interested in signing the contract. Despite BTT having no legal reason for avoiding the distribution, it could defend itself against the accusation of breaching an agreement. Both statutes of frauds and doctrine of mistakes recognize a written and signed document as a contract (Melvin, 2011). Assuming that the email from BTT contained an agreement, there was nothing to show it was a contract. Contracts require signing in the presence of all the parties involved. The handlers of the case should consider the qualifications of a contract, and decide if emails can be contracts (Melvin, 2011). If BTT and Chou had a contract, then compensatory damages remedy would apply. BTT woul
Introduction Reflective writing is considered to be effective for engaging students in the process of reviewing personal achievements and prospects for further development. The use of a case study format to reflect on the lessons learning is an academic task that requires synthesizing the relevant literature and one’s knowledge and skills acquired during the course. Since my awareness of the APA style, case study concept, and academic writing increased significantly, it is important to reflect on my experience. This paper is a case study with the subject of me, and the goal is to better understand my progress, linking it to the literature. Methodology The identification of methods is an integral part of the case study as it clarifies how data was collected. For this paper, information was taken from the course textbooks and peer-reviewed articles to support my thoughts. I also referred to the Bible to find relevant excerpts and link them with the lessons learned. Self-observation is another method that helped me to gather and analyze information about my performance during the course and its outcomes. Continuous self-reflection is implemented to track my academic progress. Reflecting on L
Changes are an essential element of development, which means that for an enterprise or an organization, a sudden change is rather a reason to accept the new knowledge and develop a new strategy rather than force the traditional style into the renewed organization. Taking such an establishment as a non-profit organization known as Angel of Hope, one can possibly predict that, given the current changes, the organization strategy needs to be developed and brought to a new level. Once realizing what [opportunities the organization can reach for, given all the peculiarities of a non-profit organization it is, one will be able to suggest the proper course for its further development and the dynamics of its growth. First of all, to determine the course of conduct for the head of the organization and to suggest a certain solution, one needs to consider the peculiarities of the company, its current state of affairs and the type of services which its delivers. Therefore, it can be considered that the organization is completely independent from any sort of patronage. If the situation did not demand immediate actions and certain funds, Angels of Hope would continue providing their aid to those in need. The organization used to receive ax-deductible gifts and grants to be used for social amenities, which allows to suggest that, to deliver the goods to the people who need it, the organization uses the means of transportation which are considered the fastest. Consequently, the key thing which Angels of Hope pay large amount of money for is the time. However, the organization also occasionally borrows money, which can be used as the way to survive the sudden change and to adjust to the rapidly changing environment (Zhu, 2007, 123). Despite the fact that borrowing will trigger the necessity to search for even more funds to return the borrowed money, the given policy can still be a way out for the time being while the organization is adjusting to the new environment. However, there can be an even better way out of the give situation. A peculiar solution offered by the Muwamba (n. d.), the delivery of the goods to the regions which are the closest to the given affiliate of the organization does seem efficient. Likewise, other affiliates of the Angels of Hope will provide the nearby regions with the required help. Thus, the maximum efficiency will be achieved with the minimum losses. According to Muwamba (n. d.), the given approach will allow a non-profit organization to “become more efficient in service delivery as the linkages have opened up more resources to them” (Muwamba, n. d.). Another interesting idea which Muwamba offered as a means to r
Introduction Abraham Lincoln gave a speech in the year 1858 in which he expressed his concern over divisions that were becoming clear in the US society. He noted that both the Union and the Congress were divided along a deep conflict that threatened any form of success. This paper seeks to explore Lincoln’s thoughts of a divided society with respect to the American history. Economic Differences As industries were established in America in the first half of the nineteenth century, there was a level of imbalance in the distribution leading to economic difference in different regions of America. The industrial revolution that was influenced from Europe only concentrated its establishment in the north thereby isolating other regions such as the South and the Western regions. The people in North America were thus economically empowered. Migrations to the western parts together with legislations that reduced prices for federal lands also enhanced the level of agricultural and industrial developments in the western regions. No history is however available over any initiated development that could enhance economic status of the southern region. There was therefore a significant economic difference in the three regions. The north and the western regions were aided into economic stability though through different approaches while the south was isolated. Evolving political trends throughout the union Similar to the economic trend that exhibited a level of difference along regional lines, politics appeared to take shape along regions. People from the north seemed to have different political ideologies from the southern people. The differences in political views were for example evident in the year 1844 when in response to fears over the British governance system the southerners collectively expressed concerns over Texas while people from the western region had their interest in Oregon. Political differences were again witnessed along regional lines in the year 1849 following the application by California to be included in the Union. The south jointly opposed the move while north on the contrary supported it. Political trend als
In the 21 st century, the business world has become increasingly complex but thanks to the advent of information technology (IT) and globalization, it is now possible to conduct business transactions from any part of the globe faster, efficiently and effectively. Globalization has linked various business activities across the globe and in the process, connected different cultures and ethnicities (Kania, 2010). On the other hand, this could also expose intense differences between individuals at the community and organizational level. There is need therefore for managers and professionals in the business world to not only identify, but also work with the various forms of cultures, ethnicities and gender based differences concurrently within a business network or organization. The modern day business is faced with a multitude of cultural challenges for most managers and other professional, with Hooker (2008) noting that the main challenge is to comprehend and apply cultural, ethnic and gender diversity in the most efficient way in order to enhance the productivity and efficiency of the company on a global scale. However, this is far from easy given that the impact of cultural, ethnic and gender differences could be positive on the one hand but on the other hand, they could be grossly negative, and this might have negative ramifications on the organization (Ferraro, 2005). In reality, cultural, ethnic and gender diversity impact on the daily activities of a business entity and in the process, affect the way the staff and employees of such an organization think and interact. However, owing to the inherent complexity involved most managers and business professional either ignore it, or are not able to see the difference, it is important to note that neglecting cultural, ethnic and gender differences at the workplace acts as a source of conflict within the organization. When managers and other business professionals ignore the cultural, gender and ethnic differences within the organization, this reduces their ability to increase productivity and manage employees. An organization that fails to emphasize on the value of understanding these differences is likely to see cooperation from employees diminishes, trade garments die, and standoffs escalate (Bell, 2007). Through cross-cultural training programs, managers are able to enhance their ability to be effective at what they do. Managers who are effective at solving cultural, ethnic and gender differences also tend to be innovative and creative, not to mention that this also adds to the synergy for a productive workforce. It is important for global managers to possess high competence and cultural intelligence levels so that they can act as agents of change for their organisation. In this position, managers are better placed to help their individual organisations extend their business operations across the border. There is need therefore to ensure that such managers have the ability to navigate various forms of cultural, ethnic and gender settings. The importance of having managers with well developed cross-cultural awareness cannot be overemphasized. Such awareness enables managers to understand t
Delegation is the key to success in any type of organization, yet it can be a serious problem in church management. Many ministry leaders, used to working independently, find it hard to imagine that others can handle tasks more effectively. However, as the church grows, it is impossible to do without the help of additional church staff or volunteers. When leaders perform all tasks alone, their energies are spent on tasks that are not part of their duties (Kouzes & Posner, 2017). This decreases the effectiveness of church leadership, which is not acceptable. This problem is all the more urgent when the church leaders are not experienced and young. They may think they have the energy to manage all areas, but the reality is that multitasking can quickly stress them out. To solve the problem outlined, it will be optimal to use a systematic approach characterized by a full analysis of the situation and making rational decisions based on it. Key stakeholders are senior pastoral leadership, specific church leadership (elders, deacons), and volunteer leaders appointed to participate in the delegation process. When delegating responsibilities to others, it is necessary to explain to them what is expected of them and, in addition, to define their responsibilities in detail. The optimal solution is to provide a culture of empowerment in which leaders quickly encourage and empower employees and volunteers to participate in various initiatives. Young leaders often provoke the situation when they perform too many tasks. They are happy to help employees because such demand creates the illusion of their indispensability, value, authority, and trust on the part of the team. Inexperienced leaders do not leave time to tackle higher-level and higher-priority tasks by getting involved in every problem. The leader may take it upon himself to solve the employee’s problems, justifying his actions with his incompetence. However, such motives also lead to the trap of reverse delegation. In such a situation, it is better to assign responsibility for the task to an employee who can solve it under the guidance of a more experienced team member. The essence of a proper delegation is to plan the task and organize the work process to achieve the goals as quickly and efficiently as possible. The problem of excessive workload can lead to quick burnout of the manager, frustration with the subordinates, or simply a dulling of attention. This leads to a decrease in the motivation of subordinates and a decline in the efficiency of their work. Inexperienced leaders risk falling into the trap of reverse delegation: when they will be forced to do the work for a subordinate himself in the end. At the same time, the volume of tasks, the solution of which is left to the leader, is constantly growing. The diagram below illustrates the key reasons why delegation problems arise (Figure 1). Figure 1: Fishbone Diagram Bad leadership is costly to companies that profit from their operations. For example, employee turnover cost
Overview of the Two Works Admittedly, teachings of Christ are the most important conventions for the Christian world. One of his most famous sermons is The Sermon on the Mount . This sermon is provided in Mathew’s Bible. In this sermon, Jesus Christ teaches people to act rightfully. He also refers to the conventions mentioned in Hebrew Bible. Notably, Christ claims that some conventions cannot be rightful. For example, Jesus Christ notes that people should be patient and forgiving. “Love your enemies,” he says (“The Sermon on the Mount” 1086). Of course, some conventions remain the same. Thus, Christ claims that people should not try to accumulate wealth (treasures) in their earthly lives as they should think of treasures of heaven. Jesus claims that all earthly treasures will be destroyed by time (“The Sermon on the Mount” 1088). Of course, Jesus states that people cannot serve “two masters”: God and “mammon” (“The Sermon on the Mount” 1088). This is one of the most important conventions to be remembered. Unfortunately, people have broken this rule for centuries. For example, Dante mentioned this in The Divine Comedy . Admittedly, Dante has been one of the central figures in world literature. He was a genius who managed to address vices and virtues of the society o
What are the challenges of consular collaboration in the 21st century and how does it apply to the UAE? The last several decades could be characterized by the increased tension in international relations. There are numerous cases for the escalation of violence or the appearance of other sophisticated situations in different parts of the world. Additionally, the clash of the interests of the leading states also preconditions the rise of the opposition at the international level. These concerns result in the increased importance of diplomacy as one of the main tools to reconcile conflict and avoid usage of military force or other line targets. The expansion of diplomacy also makes the position of consuls more powerful as they become the main agents who should act on behalf of a certain state and protect its interests, trying to achieve the best possible result. However, the nature of their work supposes numerous challenges that might appear during negotiations and which should be solved to attain success. Traditionally, the government appoints consuls resting on the existing perspectives or the role a country should play at the international level. Thus, the main task of any consul who represents a state is the preservation of its interests and protection of all citizens who need assistance. A consul is obliged to help a person, protect him/her from any potential danger, provide shelter, and assure that he/she will be able to return home. The complexity of the consular functioning is captured in the international legislation and is supported by the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. The given document highlights the rights and duties of any consul and introduces immunity to provide an efficient tool for protection. For these reasons, they remain important actors the functioning of which might contribute to the improvement of the states image at the international level and protection of its citizens interests. Thus, despite the existing code that is accepted to improve relations on the consular level, numerous challenges still appear. There are several most complicated areas like costs, risks, responsibilities, etc. that gave rise to numerous concerns in consular intercourse. Yet, being one of the members of different international organizations, and accepting the international laws, the UAE also devotes great attention to the improvement of this aspect of its functioning. At the moment, it recognizes the existence of a new sophisticated problem related to security and crime as globalization, refugees, and terrorism introduce the great necessity of the collaboration to be ab