ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Social insurance can be described as a program that is sponsored by governmental organizations where people transfer their risks. Social insurance is characterized by the benefits it provides to those who have been covered by its programs where their risks are put together and then compensated when need arises. A number of programs in U.S have been found to meet the definitions of social insurance among them being Medicare, railroad retirement, unemployment insurance and social security. (Benjamin 25) Partial Disability and Reasons Why It’s Not Treated as a Part of Disability Income Security Policy Partial disability is the condition where someone becomes unable to perform some of the duties that he would perform comfortably before suffering from sickness or being injured. This means that the individual is disabled since he cannot be as productive as before but at the same time, he has not been rendered totally helpless or disabled. Partial disability is also described in terms of the period in which disability persists. When disability persists for a period exceeding twelve months, then it is no longer referred to as partial disability. Partial disability is therefore not included in the policy of income security that covers those who are totally disabled. This is because of the difference existing between the two types of disabilities since a partially disabled person can perform various duties from which he can generate income unlike the individual who is totally disabled. This difference renders the partially disabled individual from being eligible for benefits of the policy of income security designed to cover the disabled. (Benjamin 26) Integration of Functions of the System of Health Care In Social Insurance And How the Current Health Insurance Programs Cover the Old, the Working and the Young The system of health care carries out a number of functions which include delivery of health care, where different problems related to health are catered for. It also caters for some financial expenses for those individuals who do not have coverage for their health care in the various programs of social insurance. However, the system of health care has not been able to comfortably provide these services to people due to financial constraints, which calls for the need to have them integrated in social insurance which would be in a better position to provide them to the needy population. Programs of health insurance have been found to treat the various categories in the society differently while covering their health related risks. That is, the old are treated differently from the working class as well as young thereby having a varying coverage of health insurance. The variation is mostly caused by enrollment rules that are put forward by programs that provide coverage for
Before the ongoing Syrian uprising that has surprised the whole world due to the government’s brutality and interests from various world powers, the country’s administrative system was suppressive and indifferent to the sufferings of the majority. The country declared its independence in 1946 and held elections, but the overthrow of the government in 1949 brought about changes in the political and economic arena. In subsequent years, the country witnessed several coups while at one time the military was compelled to hand over power to the civilian regime in 1954. In the late 1950s, the parliamentary system was replaced by the highly centralized administrative system following the country’s union with Egypt. In early 2000, the current president, together with his wife, led a revolution in Damascus with aim improving the living standards of the local poor. The president is from the minority group referred to as Alawite, which practices Shia Islam. Assad’s regime has always been in conflicts with the majority of Sunnis, which is the largest in the country. In late 2010, those against the government protested over resource distribution, claiming that the government was doing nothing to uplift the standards of the poor. The uprisings had been witnessed elsewhere, including Tunisia and Egypt. The protesters were concerned with the widespread misappropriation of public funds, the abuse of human rights, and lack of support from the government. Assad responded by instructing the military to quell violence using force, irrespective of whether children and women were involved. This shows that the Syrian crisis and the ongoing civil war trace their origin in history and the injustices that the government has always meted out to the innocent locals. The ongoing civil war demonstrates that the Syrian case is not any similar with other uprisings in North Africa and other parts of the Middle East because conspiracy theory could be used to explain it. A number of actors in the international system, such as the supranational organizations, including the United Nations and NATO, the powerful states, including the United States, China, and Russia, and influential individuals an all concerned with the ongoing crisis. This makes it difficult for a lasting solution to be found because actors rarely agree on what to do, as each is interested in realizing national or personal interests. Historians and international political analysts have conducted adequate research to establish some of the major issues facing the state. Their reports show that the country
One of the most discussed issues in the financial services sector around the world is the improvement of the services that are given to customers. This discussion has taken a strategic shape because of the perceived influence of the customers in securing competitive advantage for firms in this sector. There is a belief that customer satisfaction leads to high revenues in the financial services sector and the media has been fueling this belief. The media and the regulators in the financial services sector have been fighting to protect the customers from perceived inequalities that may affect their bargaining power. The belief that customers in the financial services sector are not treated properly is propagated by the media and the regulators. In any competitive industry, the role of the customer cannot be underestimated and mistreating a customer can lead to administrative problems that can easily result in liquidation. This means that for any player in the financial services sector to remain competitive, great services must be provided to the customers. This is one of the greatest challenges facing the financial services sector because the coordination of processes and operations that enhance customer experience is some how difficult because the existing cultures and infrastructure often hinder such processes. Therefore, constant reengineering processes are necessary for the players to keep in touch with the changing preferences of the consumers. These challenges notwithstanding, players in the financial services sector have realized that there is a direct relationship between customer confidence and customer satisfaction and the two variables create customer loyalty which in turn boosts revenues. Customer preferences are constantly changing and the setting of customer service standards should be an ongoing process because if a bank views the customer service standards as a destination and not a journey, it will definitely struggle to attain a competitive advantage in the financial markets. Management of customers and enhancement of their experience need to be improved continuously so as to inspire customer satisfaction; loyalty and lifetime values and this will have a positive impact on the balance sheets of the financial services providers. Therefore, banks must use customer centered approaches that identify the needs of individual customers instead of the one –fits –all approach
Abstract Skinner North Elementary School is one of the best-rated elementary schools in the state of Illinois. Located not far from the center of Chicago, it unites more than four hundred students. The enrolment at school has increased almost twice since 2012. One of the aspects that remains unchanged is the high students’ performance that is revealed in the high achievements during tests. Its students usually demonstrate high attendance level. The school population is mainly white with little decrease in the recent years. The major information about the school and its performance is available from the Illinois Report Card resource. Most of data are available from 2012 to 2016. As for student, parent, or staff satisfaction, the data were retrieved from the school survey. Student engagement data were found in reports on school assessment and district reports. However, some data are missing, probably because it is an elementary school and some aspects cannot be assessed among elementary students. Introduction The environment is crucial for the development of personality. It is particularly true for elementary school. In fact, the community creates the environment and stimulates independent work of its members for the achievement of common goals (DuFour, DuFour, Eaker, & Many, 2016). School is a type of learning community that follows the aim of increasing learning (Lieberman & Miller, 2011). Doolittle, Sudeck, and Rattigan (2008) speak about the development of professional learning communities at the school level. This approach shifts from the traditional bureaucratic model to learning community one. It comprises such aspects of school community as leadership, teaching, culture, and development. For a successful performance, it is necessary to provide regular assessments and surveys on the efficiency of school work. The compar
President Ferdinand Marcos was one of the longest-serving presidents of the Philippines. He took over power in 1965 but was forced out of office in the mid-eighties following a series of anti-government unrests against his increasingly dictatorial and corrupt rule. What are the major events that led to the collapse of the regime of Ferdinand Marcos? To start with, Marcos had set up an oligarchic government that undermined the capacity of the state to carry out wide national interests. The oligarchs in Marcos’ regime used their position to protect and further their own personal interests in a way that compromised the national objectives (Seagraves 20). This led to massive failures in core areas such as liberalization of trade and the fight against graft. Other areas that were affected by the oligarchic setup during the rule of Marcos were land reforms, taxation and economic development. Secondly, the president’s popularity waned after his first term in office. By 1972, the people of the Philippine
Introduction Companies operate with the aim of either making profit or offering services. The operation and practices of a company influence the attitude of investors and the public towards it. In order to protect investors and the public from making decisions based on financial information that could be misleading, the Companies Act requires companies to prepare financial statements that show their financial condition. These statements show the true and fair view of the company as well as the expected trends. They also show the level of solvency in terms of whether the company can be able to meet its debt and financial obligations. The outcome of this can mean that a company is either a going concern or would require to be liquidated. Liquidation in the present scenario was done by the voluntary application of a creditor to which a liquidator who winds up the affairs of the company realizes the assets of the company, pays off creditors, and examines the activities and conduct of the company. This report is on the liquidation of ABC Ltd whose liquidation commenced on 26 th April 2010. It outlines and analyses the issues discovered in the process of liquidation while providing recommendations for the analysed and established issues. Analysis of Issues This report outlines the troubling issues in the process of liquidation of ABC Ltd. The issues include the failure to prepare financial statements for the period ending 31 st March 2008, discrepancies in the financial statements of 2009, failure to prepare financial statements at the commencement of liquidation and discovery of GHI Ltd and Director James who was formerly a director of ABC Ltd. Failure to Prepare Financial Statements for the Period Ending 31 st March 2008 The investigation of ABC Ltd has established that there were no financial statements prepared for the period ending 31 st March 2008 yet the company continued operation for another subsequent year before liquidation in 2010. According to Borrowdale (2004, p. 127), the Companies Act of 1993 places the special responsibilities on the board of directors to provide correct records and explanations for the transactions of the company for determining its financial position through the annual report (Section 194 (1)). The annual report has to be prepared on the affairs of the company for the accounting period ending on the balance date specified in the Financial Reporting Act (Section 208 (1)), and issued to shareholders together with statements (Section 209 (1)). Section 209(5) specifies that for a company without subsidiaries as ABC Ltd, the financial statements for the previous trading period have to be included in the annual report and signed accordingly. According to section 373 (2) of the Companies Act, the issues to do with company records are an offence in terms of the failure to prepare the financial records and warrants a fine not exceeding $10,000 on the directors individually as Keith, Lara
Jacqueline M. Moore states in her book “Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and the Struggle for Racial Uplift” that it is impossible to analyze black history without referring to one of the key figures in this field, W.E.B. Du Bois (xv). The scientist’s activity is characterized by radical orientation, as he insisted on “immediate and full civil rights” for black Americans (Moore xv). Phil Zuckerman perfectly sheds light on the considerable impact of W.E.B. Du Bois to the development of sociology, saying that the scientist was a pioneer in many central fields of science (5). Reiland Rabaka states that “All theories have blind spots and lens limitations, and all theories make critical contributions as well” (19). This is why the legacy of W.E.B. Du Bois, especially his race theory, which was, in fact, overlooked and underestimated for a long time, deserves special attention. The first merit o W.E.B. Du Bois is, as we have stated above, is that he was the first in many fields. He is considered to be “a pioneer of urban sociology, a pioneer of rural sociology, a pioneer of criminology, the first American sociologist of religion, and the first great social theorist of race” (Du Bois and Zhuckerman 5). What is more, the scientist was not a mere theorist, but a practitioner as well, he organized the first courses in sociology at Atlanta University, and he organized and conducted sociological conferences. The importance of Du Bois’s work is great. This can be proved by the analysis of his race theory, the central theory of his legacy, which was interconnected and interrelated with other aspects of his work. The race theory has a number of significant advantages. The scientist’s theory has a number of features in common with other authoritative sociologists, such as Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, etc. However, despite similarities, the sociologist contributed his own original and unique ideas. The main center of his theory is his focus on race. He emphasized the absolute importance of “racial distinctions and racial constructs” for the way people experience the world (Du Bois and Zuckerman 10). It referred to all spheres: health, politics, international relations, etc. What is more, the socio
The Importance of the Air Force Strengthening Its Loyalty to Its Core Values The core values of the United States Air Force are Integrity, Service before Self and Excellence in All We Do. These values define the conduct and roles of officers in the Air Force by reminding them what it takes to accomplish the mission of this security department. They inspire officers of different ranks to always do their best and unite their members to achieve their objectives. In addition, they unify and tie them to warriors and public servants that left indelible marks in the history of the United States (United States Air Force 2013). Integrity is defined by the Air Force as the willingness to do what is right and ignore what others do or think about an individual (United States Department of Defense 2009). This department requires its members to listen to their inner voices and control their impulses and appetites to ensure they act responsibly. This value refers to the courage of officers in combating attacks by other countries or insurgent groups, even if this puts their lives at risk. In addition, it involves honesty and this ensures officers provide accurate information regarding their operational readiness, reports and documents. For instance, members must provide accurate information about the number of enemies wounded or killed and the time taken to do so like how they did during the Iraq attacks. This value emphasizes the need for officers to have self-respect and be open, humble and just in executing their mandates. ‘Service before Self’ means that professional duties should be given preference over personal desires (United States Air Force 2013). This includes following rules that may sometimes violate an individual’s principles. For instance, it is not right for people to kill others, but these men are supposed to do so when their opponents threaten the security of Americans. Therefore, they are supposed to follow rules regarding their operations and relationships except during unavoidable circumstances. The interests of America and the Air Force troops are placed first while personal desires come last during operations. Defeatism, frustration and self-pity are not part of an Air Force officer’s vocabulary (United States Department of Defense 2009). Commanders are supposed to refrain from showing anger or defeat and must work hard to bring credit upon the Air Force and themselves. Officers in high ranks like aircraft and field controllers must have faith in the system and ensure they respect those that are ab
Introduction to the Situation Janet’s case shows that she is in a dilemma and she does not know what she needs to do to resolve the complex challenge she is facing. A psychological expert must win the trust of his client first to make her more willing to reveal the nature of the problem that needs to be resolved. Janet’s predicament is mainly caused by her inner fears because she does not know the best method she needs to use to actualize her expectations. Even though she acknowledges she needs to improve her current status, she feels she is not ready to take a life-changing risk that would require her to quit her job to start her own enterprise. Therefore, as a coach, I would engage in intense consultations with her to propose practical options she can use to help her overcome the challenge she is facing. Since she has conflicting interests, it would be important for me to encourage her to reflect on different activities she does and how meaningful they are to her life. Essential elements that need attention include individual decision making, addressing personal fears, and appropriate solutions that address the problem effectively. During a consultation, feedback plays an important role because it enables a coach to understand specific progress being made by a client to solve problems she is facing. Janet is unsure about the professional path she should follow and the outcomes she is likely to experience after making her choice. In addition, Janet finds it difficult to take a decisive action that would help her to gain inner peace and contentment. It is important for Janet to find out how she is personally connected to the challenges she is facing, to enable her to have good judgment. This will help her to stop looking at the problems as barriers to success but as potential opportunities that offer different rewards to her personal as well as professional life. Background Issues As a young professional, Janet faces a lot of challenges which many people at her age grapple with within the early years of their careers. She yearns for a better life but does not know what she is uncertain about what she needs to do to make her life more meaningful. Therefore, even though she has an open mind regarding her career options, she is cautious about taking risks that may have a negative impact on her financial stability and professional growth in the long run. Her personal fears make it difficult for her to choose a definitive professional path that will help her to achieve her goals and aspirations in the long run. As a coach, it is important for me t
Gender issues have been an understandably controversial topic for a long time. Recent achievements and highlights in clinical, psychological, and social research greatly expanded our understanding of the matter and offered new ways of coping with the situation for people suffering from gender dysphoria. Several interventions were developed to provide solutions for people who feel the necessity to align their physical gender characteristics with their perception of gender, with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) being among the leading practices. Unfortunately, a growing body of evidence suggests that HRT may have several adverse effects. Specifically, a relationship is established between the administration of hormones and the increased suicide rate among teens suffering from gender dysphoria (LeVay et al. 91). This suggestion has led to the debate on whether eligibility for HRT should be regulated more strictly. Despite the obvious ethical implications, I believe that a more rigorous evaluation of eligibility should take place before the permission for hormone therapy may be acquired. The main reason for such a decision lies within the gap between the perceived benefits and the real positive outcomes. The initial assumption is that the physical changes of secondary sexual characteristics will aid the perception of transition and, by extension, result in psychological improvements. However, that means that transgender individuals support the social construct they intend to oppose. For as long as the practice is proven to be safe, there is little reason for reconsideration. However, since gradually more studies support the presence of negative effects, the unrestricted access to hormones becomes an unjustified risk (Simonsen et al. 241). What’s more, the actual psychological improvements are questionable. A meta-analysis of studies on the outcome of patients who underwent hormonal therapy shows only short-term improvements and no statistically significant long-term benefits (White Hughto and Reisner 21). In my opinion, such results confirm the necessity of prior evaluation. My position is only strengthened by the fact that most of the teens that identify as transgender are not “persisters” (LeVay et al. 90). I admit there is another controversy involved here of the amount of freedom versus control that an individual at a young age should have. However, it should be mentioned that the current level of scientific knowledge is such that it becomes difficult and in many cases impossible for a layperson to follow using only conventional wisdom. Therefore, in the situation such as this, it would be better to rely on evidence and prioritize physical and psychological health rather than pursue the ultimate freedom of choice. I must admit that I find the factor of irreversible physiological changes relatively unimportant beyond the issue of a low number of persisters.