ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Syncope, also known as a fall, is an important clinical issue that may be the signal for a serious health problem. Despite the fact that falls occur quite frequently in a number of people, the nature of the problem is quite hard to nail down and requires thorough research. More to the point, considering a fall a symptom of a specific disease is hardly possible, seeing how a fall can be caused by a range of factors. Despite the fact that falls are extremely frequent, the range of health issues that they can be a symptom of is truly impressive, which means that the nature of falls must be studied closer. Unlike many medical issues, whose causes are very hard to nail down based on the symptoms, the phenomenon in question has a rather distinct definition: “Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness associated with an inability to maintain postural tone” (Molzen, Suter & Whitson, 2001, p. 1). More to the point, a very thick line is drawn between syncope and such phenomena as “seizure, coma, vertigo, hypoglycemia, and other states of altered consciousness” (Molzen, Suter & Whitson, 2001, p. 1). According to the latest research, a specific evaluation of the phenomenon must be conducted so that the cause should be defined and the source of the problem could be located (Strickberger et al., 2006). Syncope may signify a loss of the blood supply, lack of oxygen or the absence of glucose. Such a problem as a head injury received previously and not properly tended to can be considered the factors triggering the aforementioned effects (Strickberger et al., 2006), yet the entire palette of factors that may have led to the blood, glucose, or oxygen deprivation is truly ample. Reference List Houser, J. (2014). Nursing research: Reading, using and creating evidence (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. Molzen, G. W., Suter, R. E. & Whitson, R. W. (2001). Clinical policy: Critical issues in the evaluation and management of patients presenting with syncope. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 37 (6), 771–776. Strickberger, A., Benson, D., Biaggioni, I., Callans, D. J., Cohen, M. I., Ellebogen, K. A., … & Sila, C. A. (2006). AHA/ACCF scientific statement on the evaluation of syncope. Circulation, 113 (2), 316–327.
Introduction Bottled water is a steadily growing business in many countries of the world. Despite its long presence on the market, it continues to increase sales each year (Statistic Brain, 2016). Many people believe that bottled water is tastier, healthier, or is otherwise better than widely available tap water. However, gradually more studies show that most of these beliefs are unfounded or misunderstood. Several tests show that on many occasions tap water is cleaner and the control behind its quality is more reliable. Several blind trials also suggest that tap water is chosen as having a better taste when the participants do not know that it does not come from a bottle (Viscusi, Huber, & Bell, 2015). Finally, a question of environmental influence is constantly raised by various agencies and activist groups, which claim that the process of bottle production and the bottles usually create waste that is not properly recycled. As a result, despite the best marketing effort of industry giants, the issue of the sustainability of bottled water becomes more prominent in the later years, in part thanks to the youth activist groups which raise awareness. In particular, personal observations show that the Facebook newsfeeds of the young audience often feature information bits about the disadvantages of bottled water and advertisements of refillable bottles. However, the actual effect of activism, as well as its demographic characteristics, is unclear. The following study aims to analyze the impact of the increased information regarding water bottles at the younger population to find out whether they tend to use refillable bottles rather than buy bottled water and thus determine possible ways to improve the situation. Methods The study was performed by observing the students of the college in the campus area for five days. The numbers of students carrying bottled water and those carrying refillable water bottles were recorded and compared to find out which group is more numerous. Because of the personal observations made on Facebook, the hypothesis was that the number of students with refillable bottles would be higher because of better access to information and awareness of the harmful environmental effect of disposable bottles. Results After five days of observations, the total number of people carrying refillable bottles totaled 18, or 5, 2, 5, 4, 2, respectively. The number of students with disposable bottles of water tot
Maintaining world peace has been a priority for many nations since the twentieth century when the world experienced a lot of conflicts. The two world wars had far reaching effects and it is out of this concern that European powers saw it necessary to curb any further occurrence of war. The UN organization was formally established in 1945 when world war two came to an end. The main reason behind its formation was to maintain world peace. Besides this, the UN also performs other functions in the social and economic spheres. For example, it aims at promoting human rights by ensuring that they are not abused. It also aims at encouraging economic development through the World Bank and other financial institutions that provide economic support and advisory services on development issues. The Security Council is one of the most important organs of the United Nations and it has the mandate to safeguard international peace by ensuring that there is enough security in the world. Its powers and functions are stipulated in the charter of UN. The Security Council is made up of fifteen members and five of them have a permanent membership. The five members have veto powers, while the remaining ten members are elected. “The five permanent members of the Security Council include China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States”. All countries willing to join UN must accept the terms and principles of the UN, before they can be granted membership. The UN has tried to maintain world order through the following mechanisms. The UN has been applying peaceful settlement of disputes as one of its key strategies of dealing with international disputes. In this case, it applies peaceful methods of conflict resolution which include the following. “Negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, or resort to regional agencies or arrangements”. The Security Council does not intervene in all disputes but it has to assess the seriousness of the disputes first before it intervenes. The Security Council can take various actions to solve disputes once it has decided to do so. The Security Council can also use various sanctions to deal with aggressive nations. There are no specific sanctions stipulated in the charter, but the Security Council mostly applies economic sanctions against aggressive nations. Economic sanctions may involve total or partial disruption of economic ties and communication. Economic sanctions are always used to isolate aggressive nations from the rest. These sanctions deny them access to strategic materials and services, hence they are compelled to stop being aggre
The advances that have been made since the advent of the internet age have come with their own limitations in society. While it is irrefutable to observe that internet connectivity has hastened the pace of development in the modern world, it is also profound to mention that digital crimes have been elevated with this kind of development. Some of the recent empirical researchers carried out on the development of information and technology reveal that organized crime is entering its fourth great era (Fafinski, 2009). This era will most entail the use of internet knowledge to commit cyber-related crimes. In any case, the internet era has practically converged the offline and online environments due to the rapid flow and sharing of information from one point to another. Due to improved ease of sharing information, it has also been discovered that there are myriads of illegal organized activities that can be conducted through the internet by individuals with the aim of committing a felony. About 80% of modern digital crimes are presumed to be organized by individuals in remote locations through the internet. Although the young tech-savvy generation has been closely associated with the fast growth of digital crime through the internet, it is understood that individuals who are above 35 years account for nearly 45% of all the digital crimes committed through the internet. On the other hand, the youths who are perceived to be tech-savvy account for about 29% of all the digital crimes (Caeti et al., 2005). In about 50% of the organized crimes that are conducted through the internet, there are usually between six to ten individuals who collaborate to commit such acts. Nonetheless, it should be noted that digital crimes do not rely on the performance of groups since individuals can equally engage in acts of crime. The digital crimes committed through the internet have indeed evolved since the early 1920s when authorities largely struggled with offenders who broke the set prohibition laws. During the early 20 th century, racketeering, gambling and consumption of illicit alcohol were coordinated and conducted offline (Caeti et al., 2005). As such, the impacts of such crimes were minimal since the influence was largely localized. The modern society has a wide access to information as a result of quick access to internet connectivity. The latter has turned the world into a global village, making it easy for criminals to access private and confidential information. For instance, one of the most dominant digital crimes entails cybercrime whereby individuals or organized groups hack into private data stored in emails, websites or offline databases. In any case, the fourth era of digital crime is a major threat to the overall wellbeing of the modern generation (Caeti et al., 2005). Even though exposure to internet poses major security threats to individuals and the society at large, it has prov
The basic belief of Christian religion is that there is only one God, who is triune and is portrayed as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This triune God is believed to be the creator of life and everything that is. Every Christian person is believed to have the Holy Spirit within them. Besides, Christianity believes in Jesus Christ, God’s son, who is also called the Savior, who may be symbolized as a lamb or a baby. Jesus Christ is accepted to be the Head of the Christian Church. The Bible is the holy book of the Christian religion; it is believed to be written by people inspired by God’s word, so everything included in the Bible is considered to be true and right. The Bible contains regulations and encouragements for all the righteous Christians that practice humility, compassion, and forgiveness. The ones that do not follow the set of Biblical rules and commandments are considered to be sinners, who will be punished by God. Finally, Christians believe that Jesus, who once already came to earth and salvaged the righteous, will return one day and will rule eternally as the Lord of Lords. While he is not here yet, God’s wish is that the elders such as priests are in charge of the church.
The female licensed mental health counselor had over 10 years experience assessing the psychological, social, cultural and financial needs that impact recovering drug and alcohol addicts in an addiction program run by an international agency. Previously, the interviewee worked in a health facility that provided mental and psychosocial services to the elderly population. From the interview with the licensed mental health counselor, it was clear that that the participant subscribes to a theoretical orientation known as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which essentially attends to dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors and other impaired cognitive processes exhibited by the population of recovering clients in the program using a multiplicity of goal-oriented, precise and methodical approaches. The favorite part of the job, as proposed by the interviewee, entailed experiencing former drug addicts and alcoholics being reintegrated back into the society after undergoing a three-month program, which assisted them to select and internalize specific strategies that they could always use to deal with their problems. The least favorite part of the job came in dealing with uncontrollable and potentially dangerous clients, who most often are in the last phase of addiction. According to her, this part is discouraging as it is increasingly difficult to make these clients follow the recommended treatment procedures, resulting in use of force in some cases. The interviewee acknowledged that burnout is a normal part of practice and anybody planning to become a licensed mental health counselor should be prepared to face burnout and deal with it in a manner that is less likely to affect his or her health and wellbeing. The interviewee said that she had experienced burnout when listening to intensely heart-wrenching life experiences of drug and alcohol addicts, and when sharing in the grief, loss, and sadness of family members of addicted clients. Additionally, the interviewee suggested that it is important to develop internalized indicators that one could use to recognize burnout and fatigue early on before they became health and professional challenges. The interviewee coped with the burnout by engaging in things that bring joy and relieve stress (e.g., leisure activities), exploring new hobbies, avoiding taking on extra clients, taking time each day to relax, reading non-professional literature for fun, and receiving counseling in difficult situations. The interviewee took time to describe her transition from a student at the university to professional counseling in a program specifically providing mental, psychological and healthcare services for the elderly. She was surprised by the variances between her expectations as a student and the realities on the ground. According to her, it is difficult to apply most of the theories learned from school in real-life contexts, hence the need for transitioning students to develop a flexible and innovative predisposition to deal with issues beyond the boundaries of the educational institution. Consequently, the advice she provided to new counselors is to
Introduction There are many products in the medical field that rely on the use of ethylene glycol polymers. A range of desirable qualities like as high solubility in water and many organic solvents, a degradable nature, non- toxicity and a boiling point that is linear to molecular mass is inherent in ethylene glycol polymers. Products such as detergents, drug supports, among other medical products consist of ethylene glycol polymers. Scientists are now exploring and implementing new possibilities in the use of ethylene polymers. Scientists are exploring the possibility of using ethylene polymers to make artificial tissues, drug delivery systems among other new products. Such an array of products as mentioned above will help millions of patients, such as cancer patients, who have suffered from adverse effects because of using toxic medications. However, there are multiple challenges that must be overcome if scientists are to develop ethylene polymer products that are more effective in promoting human health. Background Information Ethylene glycol polymers are products of additive reactions between ethylene oxide and ethylene glycols. Poly (ethylene glycol) is available in a range of molecular weights that vary from 200 to 9000. The boiling point and state of ethylene glycol polymers are proportional to molecular weight. Ethylene glycol polymers with a molecular weight that is below 700 exist as transparent liquids that have a slight smell. Those that have molecular weights that fall between 700 and 900 exist as semi-solids. Ethylene glycol polymers that have molecular weights above 1000 exist as solids (waxy, flakes and powders). The boiling point of ethylene glycol polymers increases with an increase in molecular weight to a maximum of 67 degrees Celsius. Ethylene glycol polymers are soluble in water and most organic solvents such as alcohol and esters. Besides, ethylene polymers are non-toxic to the human body. The Kidney expels ethylene glycol polymers from the human body in an unaltered state. Moreover, ethylene glycol polymers are degradable. Besides their solubility characteristics in water and organic solvents, ethylene glycol polymers are also highly hygroscopic. Hygroscopic characteristics are inversely proportional to the molecular mass of ethylene glycol polymers. Ethylene glycol polymer fluids are viscous. The viscous characteristic of ethylene glycol polymers is inversely proportional to temperature rise. In addition, Ethylene glycol polymers are highly stable due to their tendency to remain thermally stable at temperatures that are below 200 degrees Celsius. Ethylene glycol polymers are useful in making many pharmaceutical formulations and in medical research mainly due to their peptide chain (thus compatible with proteins) characteristics. The spectrum of molecular weights that are present in ethylene glycol polymers presents a range of properties that can align wit
Heavy rains have been a key risk to the operations of Newcrest Mining Limited The firm is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange as a company that engages in mining and sale of gold. However, despite its substantial success in the lucrative business of treasure, the company has faced constant challenges and risks over the last year, as a result of disruptions such as heavy rains and storms. Cost Inflation Another significant risk faced by the company is the progressive issue of cost inflation in matters relevant to labor, suppliers, and energy (Battersby 2006). All these have placed a heavy burden on the company’s operations. Labour and workforce issues Newcrest Mining faces the shortage of qualified and skilled labor force necessary for effective productivity. The capital projects in other regions have also posed great risks to the company’s operations The company also faces the risk of increased variations in production, due to the co-existence of capital projects at Lihir and Cadia Valley. These risks have seriously impacted the company’s operations and productivity These risks have intensified over the last twelve months, thus posing significant challenges to the company’s productivity operations. For instance, the company’s gold production levels have dropped substantially, and this has seriously affected its profitability and outlook in the global markets. Reference List Battersby, B 2006, ‘Does distance matter? The effect of geographic isolation on productivity levels’, OECD Economic Studies , vol.42 no.1, pp. 205.
An introduction and history for the fast food industry in Canada Canadian fast food industry is a lucrative industry to investors due to its non-intermittent growth; moreover, this industry started its operation at the very beginning of the industrial age and gained more and more consumers from its inception at the early 19 th century. The growth rate of this industry has been shrinking for few years, projecting the maturity of the industry; however, it experiences continuous growth because the customers are mainly concentrate on four factors including quickness (time to prepare food), convenience (easily reachable), lower price (competitive price), and taste (flavour). Reiter (2010) stated that general tradition to gather around a table at home to share meal become outdated concept for many inhabitants and the site of meal consumption is changing as well (39.7 cents of every food dollar was spent on fast food restaurants); therefore, teenagers are to be found at the local fast-food outlets as customers and workers. However, Reiter (2010) further stated that about three million people (10% of total population) in this country visit McDonalds’ restaurants daily; consequently, several British and American centric companies and brands have been holding major market shares in Canadian fast food market. Figure 1: The leading fast-food companies in Canada Source: Reiter (2010) Slcfred (2011) stated that Mcdinalds had more than 31000 outlets all over the world, among them 5% restaurants or 1550 outlets are in Canada and highest 50% restaurants are in the USA; however, the following two figures give more details in this regard Figure 2: Number of popular fast food restaurants all over the world in 2011 Source: Slcfred (2011, p.3) Figure 3: Restaurants of McDonalds in the world in 2011 Source: Slcfred (2011, p.4) Nowadays, the people of Canada mostly prefer fast food instead of fruits and vegetables and they usually not take balanced diet; therefore, the national and international companies in this industry would like to expand business in this zone, for example, McDonalds occupied 43.5% outlets and the following figure shows more information about the fast food outlets of McDonalds- Figure 4: Most and fewest fast food outlets of McDonalds Source: Newman (2004, p.1) History of Canadian Fast-Food Industry During nineteenth century the fast-food industry of Canada started its journey under the leadership of discriminated immigrant people of different ethic groups and local females migrated in the urban areas with a large number of small entrepreneurs, but large fast-food chains like Murr