ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Samsung and Daewoo were regarded as two different legends in the same city of South Korea by the year 2000. On the one hand, Samsung Group showed revenue of more than $119 billion while on the other hand, Daewoo was being mandated by the Korean government to have a financial arrangement by the year 2001 (Sull, Park & Kim 95). The reflection of the Samsung history exhibits its survival, as powerful chaebols like Daewoo Group dithered. The famous Asian Contagion (a financial crisis that had affected some Southeast Asian countries in 1997) made Samsung and Daewoo Groups take different approaches. These approaches had a positive and negative impact on Samsung and Daewoo respectively. Sull and colleagues state that the crisis forced foreign lenders to withdraw from issuing credit and replenishing long-term debt obligations as they matured. This led to the decline of the Korean won against the dollar (101). On the other hand, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) financially assisted the Bank of Korea with the promise that Korea would reform its economic and business policies. This deeply affected the chaebols (Samsung and Daewoo Groups) as their major assistance was being withdrawn. Lee Kun-Hee, the chairman of Samsung Group took drastic measures in regard to the problem. First, he dispersed the secretary’s office and organized it again into a restructuring committee in 1998. The committee was charged with the mandate of improving the financial status of the group. The number of affiliates was decreased to 45 within a span of two years. Further, the employee number was also reduced sharply to 161,000, from 267,000 in 1999 (Sull et. al. 102). The above resources and capabilities used, among others, had a positive impact on the approach Lee took. This is evidently supported by the revenues Samsung acquired by the year 2000. Also, Samsung’s market value of its affiliates was more than the sum of all the affiliates of the other three major chaebols; Hyundai, Lucky Goldstar, and SK listed on the Korean Stock Exchange (Sull et. al. 102). On the other hand, Kim Woo-Choong contributed to Daewoo’s downfall. Kim ignored advice to reduce Daewoo’s debts through the sale of assets but instead thought acquiring assets at a bargain price was the best opportunity. This made domestic banks to be unwilling to finance Daewoo diversification. Affiliate companies, there
The paper shall look at two problems i.e. perfectionism and feelings of low self-esteem among gifted children. Reasons behind such occurrences will be examined and possible solutions offered for coping with them. Perfectionism among gifted children-healthy and unhealthy perfectionism Perfectionism is a personality trait in which people strive for excellence rather than merely trying their personal best. While the latter trait is not synonymous with gifted children alone, statistics indicate that this group has a higher tendency towards displaying this trait compared to children with average ability. Healthy perfectionism is normally characterized by a high level of organization and high standards. This implies that such gifted children may possess intense self-drive thus leading them to greater levels of achievement in comparison to their respective counterparts. Also, healthy perfectionism causes such children to be passionate about their day-to-day endeavors thus causing them to always do their best. Perfectionism can be reflected in almost all spheres of life and may be depicted in both academic and non-academic realms. On the other hand, unhealthy perfectionism is characterized by continual self-criticism that often culminates in the fear of failure. What this does is that it prevents gifted children from trying out new things because they may be afraid of producing flawed results. Unhealthy perfectionism often causes gifted children to base their entire self-worth on their achievement. This can be quite detrimental to them because life is not always predictable or faultless. Such unhealthy perfectionists tend to be obsessed or fixated on reaching the top. (Hamachek, 1978) There are several strategies available to persons working with gifted children battling with the latter problems. Teachers need to help parents understand that they did not cause this problem. In fact, a number of researchers have asserted that parents do not actually drive gifted children to become perfectionists; instead, it is these very children who may misinterpret expectations from their parents. Consequently, parents need not refrain from encouraging their children to do well just because they may be afraid of causing unhealthy perfectionism. It is a known fact that perfectionism is just another characteristic or tool that gifted children have at their disposal. They, therefore, have the potential to utilize it positively or negatively depending on the strategy adopted. In fact, great men and women in history have been known to be perfectionists. Examples here include Marie Curie and Michelangelo. Teachers, counselors, and psychologists working with gifted children must teach them how to make perfectionism favor them. This is possible through a range of possibilities. Counselors need to teach gifted children to accept making mistakes and thus construct models for coping with such skills. The latter solution can only work if it is done in a structured and calm environment. In this regard, it w
In 2003, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accused U.S. healthcare giant HealthSouth Corporation and its CEO Richard Scrushy of inflating the company’s earnings to the tune of $1.4 billion since 1999 to meet analysts’ earnings while hiding the accounting fraud from auditors (Moynilian, 2003). Although questions were raised as to whether auditors Ernst and Young (E&Y) failed to find or simply overlooked the financial scandal at HealthSouth, industry analysts and mainstream commentators are in agreement that the fraud went down as one of the closely guarded corporate malpractices in U.S. history (Hassink et al., 2010). Deriving from this case study, the present paper aims to evaluate the effects of fraud on individuals, businesses, and society, and also outline recommendations for early detection of fraud. It is evident from extant accounting literature that fraud affects every level of society and has clear negative ramifications on individuals, business entities, and communities (Alleyne & Howard, 2005). At the individual level, 15 former executives of Health South lost their jobs, earnings, and reputation upon pleading guilty to participating in a scheme aimed at inflating corporate earnings to meet Wall Street expectations (Pathak & Wells, 2008). At the company level, it is clear that HealthSouth Corporation must have suffered substantial image and reputation destruction, as well as a reduction in shareholder’s equity and diminished credit rating due to the indictment of its executives by SEC for fraud-related charges (Pathak & Wells, 2008). The firm’s earnings must also have been significantly reduced following the news of the corporate fraud. At the societal level, it is clear that community members and shareholders of HealthSouth suffered psychological anguish from uncertainties related to their shareholding, and from increased taxes to cover for the fraudulent activities. Fraud also affects the economic landscape of a community as it negatively influences the disposable income of involved parties and employees (Pathak & Wells, 2008). Moving on, it is evident from the literature that HealthSouth’s Corporation’s fraud raised deep-seated suspicion about the impartiality and independence of auditors E&Y, particularly due to the reason that they were conceivably unable to detect the malpractice for four consecutive years (Moynilian, 2003). The next section deals with recommendations for the early detection of corporate fraud. HealthSouth’s fraud was difficult to detect since it was collusive and was committed by top executives who could conceal it (Alleyne & Howard, 2005). In such circumstances, it is important to encourage whistle-blowing as one of the critical ways to discover fraud. Whistle-blowing is defined as the “…disclosure of illegal, immoral, or illegitimate practices to persons or organizations that may be able to effect action” (Read & Rama, 20
Introduction The earliest indications of Ohio’s geological history were found in igneous Precambrian rocks that emerged from the deep subsurface. The land had undergone great changes, as mountains, hills, riverbeds, and lakebeds were appearing and disappearing due to changes in climate and movements of the landmass. It is possible to see spectacular examples of Pennsylvanian landmass in large cuts along Interstate Route 77, south to Marietta, and along Interstate Route 70 from Cambridge to Bridgeport, which present a variety of Pennsylvanian and Permian rocks. The purpose of this paper is to analyze several strata exposed on the outskirts of Marietta and make conclusions about the type of depositional environments that took part in their formation. Locality and General Geological Information The location of the outcrop was near Marietta, with township coordinates being South-West 1/4, T2N, R9W. The excavation took place in the Marietta durance loti, West Virginia topographic quadrangle. The excavation site is located 4.6 miles away from Marietta. It can be found on the Washington County OH bedrock geological map. The elevation of the outcrop is 640’’, with each line approximately 20’’ above the other. The exposure is approximately 9350 meters long and is presented by shale, sandstone, and siltstone geological patterns. According to Ohio’s surface rocks and sediments map, the bedrock geology of Washington County was formed during the Pennsylvanian-Permian period (320-245). The groups presented in the strata include the Upper-Pennsylvanian – Lower Permian Dunkard Groups, which display a more terrestrial and environmental form of fossil deposition, associated with the formation of the Pangaea supercontinent. Previous Work Background on Possible Environments There are two types of depositional environments prevalent in Ohio during the Pennsylvanian – Lower Permian period. These are the coastal marine environments and rivers (fluvial environments). Fluvial environments are formed by rivers, which affect their riverbeds by washing out finer sediments and collecting the coarser sediments at the bottom of the riverbed. They are typically represented by sandstone, siltstone, and shale, surrounded by layers of floodplain deposits. The colors of the deposits range from gray to red and green. Bed geometry is typically rippled and uneven (Collins & Smith 134). Coastal marine deposits are characterized by well-rounded and well-s
Information is power; it connects people and rules the world. In a constantly changing society, access to information improves on knowledge and enhances understanding. People access information from media sources and make it available to friends via internet or direct communication. In most cases man fails to question and verify the accuracy of the information, hence belief in media sources. Sometimes research disapproves initial information, but statistics in reports determine the society’s reactions to occurrences. History and environment influence our responses to information as well as changes in the society. As much as man is comfortable in his surrounding, analyzing it improves our societal well-being. According to Holmes, journalists have a lot to communicate and write about the society. This information has different impacts depending on the statistics it contains. As a result; organizations, governments and individuals overreact to such information. When infidelity and rape issues hit news headlines, people respond to them in anger. Researches give statistics of such occurrences on annual basis, thus enhancing people’s concentration to these issues. We judge and curse our leaders such as Bill Clinton for falling prey of infidelity, but nobody verifies the information. The pain of rape cases amongst couples makes us form policies against domestic violence. This happens without understanding the causes of such social injustices. Our policies are as a result of misconceptions come from media, which has minimal capacity to verify its sources. As much as we receive information from media, analyzing it controls the choices we make. Berger states that man is comfortable in his environment; he receives information without questioning and adheres to traditional societal virtues. Man is in constant struggle to keep his culture and traditions i
Introduction One of the main assertions concerning qualitative research techniques is that the techniques deviate from logical explanation techniques in view of the necessity to test hypothesis (Bendassolli 2013). In sociology circles, there are emerging new structures of class and gender relations. The emerging configurations are causing greater class and gender polarization (McDowell 2008). Elucidations of the construction of identities are essential to the prevailing debates in gender studies as well as cultural and social philosophy. This is the position taken by Beverly Skeggs (1997). The author believes that class should feature more conspicuously in hypothetical interpretations of femininity and power. Qualitative research is not concerned with the number of individuals involved. It is concerned with deeper understanding. This deeper understanding was labeled ‘verstehen’ by Weber. It is concerned with really knowing the aspect one is investigating (Bauman 2000). For one to be considered as having acquired verstehen, one must know the subject in its entirety. This study explores class and social theory to determine whether or not sociologists understand it fully in view of qualitative research. Main Body What Beverly Skeggs offers in terms of stratification theory Social stratification has previously been used to educate learners in regard to relations between persons and groups occupying a broader society. It is about designed inequalities between groups. The main categories of stratification include slavery, caste system, social class, and estates including the nobility, the clergy and the commoners. Social class is seen as the extensive grouping of individuals sharing common economic resources (Adkins 2005). In turn, the economic resources and commonality among the group members impact their lifestyle. In social class category of stratification, the individual classes are not dependent on law or spiritual decrees. Consequently, social classes are more fluid (Giddens 2013). Inherently, class is attained as opposed to being ascribed. Flexibility can hence occur between diverse groups. Importantly, classes are reliant on economic disparity between groupings. This is usually on ownership of material possessions or access to the same. Social class systems are fundamentally detached compared to other forms of stratification. Disparities in social class function at a macro-level through job-related categories (Booth & Janice 2007). Skeggs recognizes the neglect of class in sociology. She demonstrates how class and gender should be merged together to develop a precise depiction of power relations in contemporary societies. She has a deep understanding of the subject. She is able to bring the different aspects of social class and gender to develop a larger picture for the reader to comprehend the issue of inequali
Introduction The article about competition in the wool industry indicates that the prices of wool were very low in Australia in the last ten years. Producers of wool made losses since the prices at which they sold their products were below their production costs. As a result, nearly half of the producers left the industry (ABC 2011, p. 1). However, the prices of wool increased significantly last year, thereby increasing revenues in the industry. As a result, more producers are joining the wool industry to benefit from the high prices. This paper will analyze the wool market in Australia. Specifically, the analysis will focus on the influence of price changes on wool producers’ profits and output levels in the short-run and the long-run. The first part of the paper will focus on market structure analysis using the concept of demand and supply. The second part will focus on short-run and long-run equilibrium analysis of the wool market. Market Structure Price Determination The wool market in Australia is perfectly competitive because it consists of a large number of sellers and buyers (AWEX 2009). The buyers have adequate knowledge of the prices charged by various producers of wool. This means that buyers are likely to purchase wool from producers who charge the lowest price. Similarly, the producers have adequate knowledge of the prices offered by the buyers (AWEX 2009). Thus, they are likely to sell to buyers who offer high prices in order to increase their profits. This means that the equilibrium price at which wool is sold and bought is determined by
Introduction Strategic outsourcing is a business tool, which helps to improve business performance and marketing activity. Originally, the companies will be able to leverage their skills for achieving increased profitability by assessing the relative costs and possible risks which are associated with purchasing, hiring new employees, and creating principally new aims and goals, as well as departments for achieving these goals. This paper aims to analyze all the possible drawbacks of strategic outsourcing in Bharti Airtel Limited. The structure of the paper presupposes the definition of a problem and its solution. Thus, the analysis will represent the review of the possible problems described in the case study, the recommendations for the company, and the analysis of the strategic approaches, which are used, and should be resorted to for overcoming the possible problems. Strategic Outsourcing. Problems Benefits of Outsourcing First of all, it should be emphasized that the benefits of outsourcing are evident and essential, while the possible drawbacks depend on the managerial strategies and the allover managerial performance of the organization. Originally, the possible benefits are the following and Bharti Airtel Limited is regarded as the organization which aims to get the most of the potential benefits:   * The access to the latest workflow technology and human resources without high investments   * Professional skills and services available are wider than with the traditional HR approach.   * The costs of the services and production are lower   * Strong possibility to save time, efforts, infrastructure, and resources   * Outsourced workers often work overtime, thus, the deadlines of the projects may be shortened   * A flexible system of outsourcing HRM provides increased efficiency and productivity.   * Faster time of accessing the market   * Improved processes bring about improved customer satisfaction   * Gain a competitive edge with sophisticated technology and people   * Benefit from operational efficiencies without capital investment   * Benefit from better performance and management   * Benefit from process maturity and scalability Management Problems In the light of this fact, there is a strong necessity to mention that all the problems of the company are associated with the matters of managing the outsourced resources. As it is stated in the case study, the company applies the family principle of running a business, like lots of other Indian industries. On the one hand, it provides an opportunity for the proper running of the business by the collective efforts of a single-family – p
Introduction Self-determination theory focuses on inspiration and personality. It also focuses on individuals’ inherent growth tendencies, emotional needs and addresses the motivation behind the decisions that individuals make without external interference (Gagne& Deci 2005). It is necessary to analyze the correlation between self-determination theory, self-motivation and determination (Gagne& Deci 2005). Gagne& Deci (2005) indicate that intrinsic motivation led to the emergence of this theory. Consequently, this paper demystifies the attitude of subordinates towards their supervisors. Madeline, who is a ward supervisor, encounters difficulties with nurses especially Margaret and Molly. Margaret believes that she does not need supervision based on her proficiency. She goes ahead to criticize Madeline’s management style and suggests modes of improving the operations of the ward. Molly, the second nurse, is uncertain with the new methods used by the nurses. Furthermore, she is inattentive when handling patients. Elements of self-determinat
Introduction Many organisations worldwide depend on leasing as one of the most significant financial solutions for their operation. This technique helps institutions to make use of assets, plant, and paraphernalia without spending a colossal amount of capital expenditure and cash outflow to acquire such assets. In January 2016, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) published an innovative standard, namely, the IFRS 16, which substitutes the IAS 17 and any related interpretations. IFRS 16 presents a lease as ‘a contract, or part of a contract that conveys the right to use an asset (the underlying asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration’ (Deloitte Global Services Limited 2017, para.3). This new standard will begin operating right from 2019. The implementation of the new lease standard will have a substantial influence on real estate properties and vehicles, for instance, lorries, cars, and some water vessels. The new standard will also affect the area of plant and equipment. Major Changes in the New Standard Through the new standard, IASB has changed the manner in which leases are presented in financial reporting metrics deployed in systems such as IAS 17. Although operating lease accounting approaches have been attractive to some organisations due to their avoidance of liabilities coupled with asset recognition, this situation will change upon implementation the IFRS 16 (Lapointe-Antunes & Moore 2013). The capitalisation of operating leases will have the effect of shifting financial metrics, especially for organisations that have such large leases. In addition, the new standard will most likely result in decreased operating expenses and asset and equity turnover. The new IFRS 16 standard will lead to changes in shareholders’ relationships coupled with business agreements. Hendrie (2016, p. 8) emphasises this position by noting, ‘With a change in financial metrics, ratios, and liabilities, companies will need to take extra care with their disclosures to explain the shift figures.’ However, this scenario has the danger of creating possibilities of breaching financial contracts coupled with pacts. The new IFRS 16 standard ensures that most of the leases are brought in the balance sheets of all lessees by deploying only one model. Opposed to the previous model, the new framework eliminates the necessity of making a distinction between finance and operating leases in the lessees’ balance sheets. However, consistent with the IAS 17 standard, lessor accounting should retain the distinction between operating and the finance leases. The old approach to lease accounting made it incredibly difficult in comparing organisations that offer lease assets and their purchasers. For example, in IAS 17, a clear reflection of all operating leases is largely left out in the equation. IFRS 16 alters this approach to lease accounting. It requires balance sheets of the lessee to identify assets that are classified as right-of-use (ROU) (Bascom & O’Donovan 2016). The new standard also demands the recognition of lease liabi