ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The case under study involves a dispute between HP Accounting and Samuels, one of the company’s former employees. Samuels has been laboring from an illness, which has caused her to be in a wheelchair full-time. Though she started working with HP while in a wheelchair, her health has been deteriorating with time. However, this has not affected her dedication and commitment to HP. The company’s manager, Penney wrote a retirement notice to Samuels on grounds of her declining health condition. Samuels felt that Penney had discriminated against her because of her disability and she decided to sue Penney before this Tribunal. The ground for Samuels’ lawsuit is Section 8(1)(a) of the Human Rights Code [RSBC 1996]. Section 8(1)(a) of the Human Rights Code [RSBC 1996] prohibits a person from denying any person or class of persons a facility, service, or accommodation ordinarily available to the public, without any realistic or good faith justification. Section 8(1)(b) further prohibits any person from unjustly discriminating against a person or group of people in relation to a facility, service, or accommodation ordinarily available to the public on any ground including disability. The question before the Tribunal is whether HP Accounting discriminated against Samuels, contrary to Section 8 of the Code . First, the Tribunal will scrutinize the facts of the case. Since the Applicant and Respondents do not agree on most of the facts, the Tribunal will determine the relevant facts to the case based on the evidence produced. Next, the Tribunal will explore the legal findings and establish the reasoning for its decisions. The next section will be on the potential remedies for both parties. The last part discusses other possible arguments that Samuels could use to sue HP Accounting. Summary of Facts The Applicant, Samuels, issued HP Accounting and Penney for discriminating against her on grounds of disability, contrary to Section 8(1) of the Human Rights Code [RSBC 1996]. Samuels claims that she has been using a wheelchair since she started working with HP. She has worked with HP for over 20 years and HP knows about her disability. Samuels claims that she was a valued employee of HP and there are clients that HP retained because of her dedicated services. Samuels claims that Penney decided to move the buildings of HP to Wharf Street without considering her disability. According to Samuels, Penney wanted the company to relocate to Wharf Street because Penney’s office would have a wonderful ocean view. Samuels asserts that she communicated her disability concerns to Penney but Penney thought she was being excessively dramatic. Thus, Penny gave Samuels an abrupt retirement notice with a salary package of six months. Samuels asserts that Penney humiliated her by communicating her abrupt retirement before all the employees of HP. Penney alleges that the company was aware of Samuels’ disability and the fact that Samuels was a valued employee of the company. However, the Respondents state that they did
Introduction The term antiquity in its broad meaning is referred to historical period before the Middle Ages. More specifically, it stands to denote the classical antiquity of Greece and Rome. In the current paper we will consider the latter meaning of the term. The period after the fall of the Roman Empire until 1500 is commonly called the Middle Ages. It can be characterized both as a period of chaos and instability and a period of great increase instability and order that could not but influence the general trends in religion, culture and art, in particular. Below are the principal differences between the medieval world and antiquity (ancient Greece and Rome) with regard to religion, culture, and art. Main text The thing is that three dimensions have always been closely interconnected with each other. During the two periods the state of religion influenced the development of culture and art as one of its brightest spheres. But in the Middle Ages gradually the dependence of culture on religion became less significant. For example, in Italy some Renaissance humanities denied the belief in God’s grace. Human intellectual efforts were more commonly considered as the tool to advance the good for self and society (Cunningham & Reich 23). If compared to ancient world, that one of the Middle Ages was more concerned with advances in science than in culture, therefore, in general, it can be said that there was a decline in cultural development during the Middle Ages in comparison with the ancient world. Antique religion was not separate from everyday life. Religious activities took the greater part of people’s ordinary life. The gods and their sacrifices were not depicted apart from the rest of the reality. All studies this way or another were related to the gods, politics was directly related to religion as politicians themselves were priests, Roman emperors were gods themselves. In the Middle Ages a crucial change happened in the religion: religious and secular worlds were equally powerful and there was no need to separate them one from another. Religion was identified as a separate thing from politics. The main difference between art development during antiquity and medieval art is rooted in the fact that artists who worked during the Middle Ages did not present images in a classical precision as it was during antiquity period. The dominance of Christianity as the chief religion of the Roman world influenced the transition from depicting ideals of perfection in form and technique to the emphasis made on inner spirit of the work. Artistic attention to spiritual significance of the created works originates
Introduction One benefit that has been growing in prominence as of late is the use of social media within the workplace. It has been acknowledged by various companies that due to the way in which the current generation of employees has developed, this has resulted in the need to be constantly connected to their peers via social media and, as such, it has been increasingly allowed by companies that their employees can chat or message online, albeit to a limited degree and within a certain set of boundaries. Managing Teams across Borders Social media within the past few years has been utilized by companies in order to help teams across borders communicate, collaborate and above all develop a form of camaraderie which leads to better collaborate practices in modern day workplace environments. As indicated by Hearing & Ussery (2012)there are four characteristics that are in demand within a technology oriented enterprise, namely: high market responsiveness, fast developments, low cost, and finally high levels of creativity, innovation and efficiency (Hearing & Ussery, 2012)). What must be understood though is that such characteristics are dependent upon the type of technical teams that are the backbone of the company wherein through the utilization of a variety of management practices a seamless integration of vertical and horizontal means of collaboration need to be implemented in order to create a stable organizational structure for proper operations and product development. On the other hand what must be taken into consideration is the fact that though globalization and the process of outsourcing and off shoring technology teams are no longer isolated to merely being within the same building, state or country but rather are scattered across a wide breadth of countries, cultures and business cultures which management practices of contemporary technology intensive enterprises need to take into consideration (Bhalla, Sodhi & Son,2008). For example Microsoft, which is one of the world’s largest software manufacturers, has development teams around the world working on different aspects of the operating systems that it produces. The inherent problem with this situation is that different methods of coding procedure combined with a variety of problems related to time difference, business culture and sheer distance involved invites problems in all stages of OS development (Bhalla, Sodhi & Son,2008). In fact it was seen in the case of the development of Windows Vista that problems with the operating system (which was largely conside
The Augustinian Theodicy The Augustinian Theodicy assumes the creation of evil to have originated from the act of waywardness that Adam and Eve performed in the Garden of Eden. The Augustinian perspective allows for the responsibility for the creation of evil to fall squarely upon the shoulders of the man himself and the creation of means to rid the world of evil, upon God, by sending Christ into the world (2008). This theory states that man’s timely downfall began the day Adam and Eve were tempted by the devil to have a taste of the forbidden fruit, even though they were well aware of the fact that God had forbidden them from doing so. Yet they betrayed God and made their own decision choosing their exemption from paradise and were thrust into the world. The fact of importance here is that this theodicy is in complete compliance with the Bible and it contradicts no point of it and smoothly follows. But the argument stated here is a strong one. After all the Almighty creator did create humankind the most superior being, the only being to be granted the gift of free will, the very gift of making his own choices, of choosing among alternatives – the ultimate choice between good and evil. Why God should be blamed for making a flawed creation. God did not in any way induce or encourage evil; neither did He create a human being with the thought that this human would be a catalyst for chaos. He made mankind and gave him the liberty to know his mind. Maybe in this case God redeemed Himself of all responsibility, for the wrong actions taken by man. But the question arising here would be regarding who is God scared of. Is God answerable to anyone? The answer is no, why would God absolve Himself of such a burden just to prove Himself to someone. When the fact of the matter is that there is no one higher than the Almighty Himself. Darkness is the absence of light. Darkness is not a separate entity to be studied but is simply present where light fades. Similarly, Evil is not created by God; it is simply the absence of good. The absence of the right decisions, the absence of right choices. God showed His goodness when He sent Christ into the world as a sacrifice for the pardon of all the sins of mankind. The sacrifice of an innocent life for a million lives that deserved punishment, yet the death of Christ opened doors for many sinners to enter into heaven. This shows God’s love, not his connivance, His benevolence, in granting his creation the liberty to take his own decisions, and yet God is there to pick up the pieces of a mess man himself has created. The Irenaean Theodicy The Irenaean Theodicy has roots in two different elements. The first was presented by St Irenaeus, who thought that man was not a creation meant to be perfect but one that was meant to achieve perfection through continuous struggle and effort. The s
The film, The King’s Speech (Hooper) is a story filled with intricate anti-stereotypic images and paradigm shifts within a larger plot of the British royal family. It is set in the period when Britain went to war with Germany. Albert, the Duke of York, who will later inherit the throne as King George VI, has a speech defect. He stammers and has fruitlessly visited every known professional speech therapist. To make matters worse, his rise to the throne demands that he makes public speeches which will be broadcast all over the British Empire and its many colonies. Albert’s wife, Elizabeth, visits a quite unorthodox speech therapist in an attempt to help her husband. Lionel Logue is a failed actor who is also an expert in speech therapy using various psychoanalysis methods. The film revolves around the professional relationship between Logue and his patient, Albert. The professionalism, however, is short-lived as a close friendship develops between the two men. Unlike Albert’s previous doctors and therapists, Logue’s methods are quite unorthodox. He doesn’t regard Albert’s speech impediment as a medical problem that can be solved by legalistic procedures and breath exercises. Instead, he views the problem as being much deeper than a mechanical speech impediment. In the patient-therapist interactions, Albert is forced to open up about his life, his childhood and his fears. At first, Logue’s methods seem quite irrelevant to the problem at hand. However, in overcoming his internal fears, Albert is slowly able to overcome some of his speech impediments, albeit with a lot of effort. The movie presents many counter-stereotypical images in this relationship between a failed actor from Australia and the King of England. Albert inherits the throne after his elder brother, Edward, who gives it up so that he can marry the woman he loves. It is ironical how Lionel Logue seems to have all the tricks to help the King overcome his fears and present a flawless speech. On the other hand, Logue’s many failed attempts in acting auditions seem paradoxical to his theatrical approaches in his healing methods. Logue, a common man who is expected to be fearful, submissive and non-opinionated before his majesty, displays the exact opposite of these attributes. On the other hand, Albert, who is a king and is supposed to exude confidence, charisma and a sense of authority, is the one who comes out as timid, fearful, with low self-esteem and an inability to explore his own individuality. Such counter-stereotypical images and scene characterize the whole plot of the movie. These features thus make the movie a timeless creation for presenting social issues. Although set in a particular political period, the historical context is not as important as the social values lessons being expressed. In conclusion, The King’s Speech is an excellent movie that goes against the common trends of most movies. Instead of being the typical game-changing film, it is more of a game-keeping movie. This is because it brings to light issues that people deal and struggle with, but never really get to air. The film is excellently produced and cleverly delive
Introduction The proposed crowdfunding project is to help homeless people around Perth by providing them with free haircuts, beard shaves, and showers on an adequately equipped bus. Besides the fact that hair care and showering are significant sanitation requirements, they also have a positive psychological effect on a person who is deprived of an opportunity to take a shower regularly. Long-term homelessness may cause a feeling of inferiority, but something as simple as taking a shower can help overcome it (Walther, 2014). Also, providing services like the proposed project activities to homeless people was confirmed to positively affect their behavior and lifestyle (Lancione, 2010). To attract donations to the project, a crowdfunding campaign will be conducted online by explaining what the project is about and how it is beneficial. Also, the project participants will distribute flyers and posters to reach a wider audience. Marketability The marketability of a product or service is measured by its attractiveness to potential customers or clients. In the case of a crowdfunding project, marketable means capable of getting people to donate enough for achieving the project’s goals. To assess the marketability of the proposed project, it is important to answer the question, “Why is the project important?” Providing free haircuts and showers to homeless people proved to be a beneficial activity. According to the results of a survey of homeless people, the inability to take a shower is “the biggest thing” (Hudson et al., 2010, p. 216), i.e. the main the concern of many homeless people. In Turin, Italy, a system of distributing cards that allowed taking a free shower in a public bath showed that homeless people were willing to adopt more socially acceptable behaviors to receive such cards (Lancione, 2013). Walther (2014), a formerly homeless person, wrote small things like a mere shower or a haircut could remind him that he was “a capable person, given half the chance, and with a shave and a shower and possibly a haircut, even a fairly good-looking person” (p. 55). Walther claims that such things kept him going. Therefore, giving free showers, haircuts, and shaves to homeless people can help them feel better. These activities can also motivate homeless people to improve their living conditions. However, to ensure the project’s marketability, it is important to communicate convincingly to donors the goals, relevance, and potential benefits described above. The donors should see how the activities under this project help make a difference for homeless people. In this communication, employed tools should be cost-effective. It is important because the donated funds should be spent entirely on the project activities, not on more expensive marketing campaigns. For
Recent reports and surveys conducted have indicated that the rate of globalization has increased over the last decade. Due to this tremendous increase, the business operations, framework and platform have been forced to change in order to cope with new and emerging markets. Three are various factors that have aided in the significant increase of globalization, for example technology and global trade, which in turn has influenced the way multinational companies, whose mode of operation embrace international standards by importing and exporting both human and business cultures across borders all over the world, operate their businesses. This new facts and changes have been a challenge in which the multinational companies’ administrations have had to cope with in order to survive the global market Multinational companies across the globe have significantly increased over the last two decades, resulting to considerable implication in the guideline and governance of international business trade and investment. Despite the fact that MNCs were responsible for globalization across the world, recent changes in the global scene has influenced the way companies operate in the current business world. Due to the nature of transactions carried by these companies, there has been a considerable shift in the framework and principles of trading and business operations by cross border transactions. As these global transactions take place, more and more countries and cultures interact and engage each other as the MNCs seek to increase their operations and profitability globally. As result these has been a large and diverse resource to manage and ensure that they do not conflict and affect the company operations negatively, for example, human resource which comprises different cultures and as a result, harmony and tolerance should be incorporated by the management to ensure no cultural conflicts arise. Therefore as globalization increases, the CEOs or management of MNCs should also seek to it that their company operations are in line with the challenges brought about by globalization. This is due to the fact that more and more countries are getting involved in international trade with other countries, thus the international trade and market has tremendously increased in view of, sales, acquiring of resources and raw materials while reducing risks and competition from other countries by diversifying its products and modes of operation. Due to these recent changes in international trade, the trade platform has changed forcing other businesses that are engaged in international trade adopt to these changes if not, they face winding up their business(Khan 2006, p.52) Besides these factors, other factors influencing international transactions include, technology, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Given the capability of the MNCs in international trade, their administration has taken steps to see to it that their business are adapting to this change in the global trade. Thus by doing so, these MNCs have accelerated the pa
The Kuali Financial System software is designed to facilitate live financial transactions using live data. The Kuali Test Drive has a variety of modules that enable live financial transactions in one instance. Some of the most important modules that form the base of a Kuali Test Drive include the General Ledger, Reporting, Transactions, Workflow and Chart of accounts (Anderson 54). This type of financial system is widely used in institutions of higher learning because of the Kuali Enterprise Workflow module that is very comprehensive with a workflow functionality technology with the ability of meeting the needs of an ideal financial system for colleges and universities. This paper will highlight what the Kuali Test Drive entails together with the transaction and processing capabilities of the Kuali Financial System. There are a lot of actions that need to be carried out when performing the Kuali Test Drive. This experience is very interesting because of the varied actions that the driver needs to perform. Some of the actions carried out
In everyday life, people experience a number of things that can have a negative impact on hearing ability. For example, cotton buds which are used to clean the ear may not only push the wax deeper in one’s ear but also cause serious and even long-lasting damage to the eardrum. Another potential harm to hearing is posed by headphones, as they isolate the sound so that it enters the ear in a stronger wave. Approximately 24.4% of Americans aged 20 to 69 are diagnosed with noise-induced hearing loss (Carroll et al., 2017, para. 10). This means that hearing ability is permanently harmed by the everyday noise that affects vulnerable structures of the inner ear, the cells of which do not regenerate if once damaged. Decibel levels of the most common household appliances may be harmful to one’s hearing over time due to the cumulative effect, let alone occupational noise that a person may encounter on a daily basis. Another hearing hazard in everyday life is busy traffic that, by causing the feeling of fullness in one’s ears, may contribute to the hearing loss in the long run. Even though the damage inflicted upon hearing is considered to be permanent, it should be noted that it is preventable. Apart from general recommendations to avoid high volumes on personal devices, reduce listening time to high volumes, and use quieter home appliances, there are specific products that can protect and improve hearing. In particular, it is advised to wear earplugs, earmuffs, or other protective devices when involved in a loud activity. There are drugs elaborated by scientists that can protect ears from oxidative stress and thus act as an effective treatment of noise-induced hearing loss (Honkura et al., 2016). Technologies that can improve hearing ability include assistive listening devices, cochlear implants, and personal sound amplification products for non-hearing impaired consumers.
Executive Summary Martial art has become very popular with many people because of various reasons, some of which include: physical fitness, defending oneself against an attack and spiritual reasons among others. Initially, many considered this practice to have the sole purpose of self defense but since it emerged that it could be used for other purposes, more and more people are engaging in it. This calls for more facilities and resources in order to meet this sky rocketing demand. The demand is not only among the adults but also the young children. An example of an institution that offers this service to children is the Power Mixed Martial Arts School for kids. In today’s world, millions of kids are learning martial arts at the martial arts schools that are located in their neighborhoods. Today, Martial Art has emerged to be a business rather than a noble discipline. Managing a mixed martial arts school for kids does not require one to have masters in business or to invest large capital. However, it does call for one to plan well, make decisions carefully and be committed to the business. Choosing an advertising plan that is effective is the key to running a Mixed Martial Arts School. An effective advertising plan attracts a higher percentage of kids. I