ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This case study highlights some aspects of Ryanair low cost airline operation. The company was the largest airline carrier by passengers and market capitalisation in the year 2009. The company based its operational model on the low cost strategy in order to increase its market shares and reduce costs. This model proved suitable during the economic crisis of 2008. The company also has a huge potential for growth as the EU low fare airline markets expand. Ryanair has also introduced ancillary services to increase its revenues. However, some these strategies are not popular with customers. In addition, the company also suffers from negative publicity due to its treatment of customers and persons with disabilities. Still, Ryanair also has challenges related to legal issues, fierce competition, EU ban, regulatory measures and costs, and fuel costs among others. The company needs a new strategy for its future operation. This should focus on reducing its risks and improving its market share. Current mission/objectives and strategy Low fare Ryanair operates on a low cost strategy. Customers and competitors know Ryanair for low prices. The company underwent restructuring in the 1990s and changed policies that eliminated free services. Ryanair has been operating as no frills passenger airline. The company has relatively low fare in relation to its competitors. However, Ryanair also has some of the most controversial charges in the airline industry. For instance, Ryanair has additional charges for passengers using wheelchairs, infant fees, baggage charges, check-in fees, and onboard toilet fees among others. Such fees related to wheelchairs, and how the company treats persons with disabilities have attracted controversies and negative publicity among stakeholders. In all, the low price strategy has positioned the airline as the cheapest in the European markets, and it constantly changes its strategy to match the European market (H’Oggins 618). The company also has some serious challenges from both inside and outside. These include poor customer services, legal challenges, fierce competition, regulation requirements, and poor relations with unionists among others. Low maintenance cost The low cost model has also resulted into low maintenance cost strategy. For instance, the company reduced its operating costs by 4 percent. The company maintains its costs as low as possible due to its fleet and staff. This approach also covers environmental area as the company strives to invest in environmental friendly fleets. These fleets are also fuel-efficient. The company’s low maintenance cost also includes staff training. Ryanair also reduced flight frequencies in loss making routes in the UK and Ireland. Ancillary services Ancillary services are also core parts of Ryanair strategy. This strategy aims at increasing the airline’s revenues. The company has in-flight beverages, food, online and onboard gambling, mobile phones, ‘fat tax’ for overweight customers, and sale of merchandise for extra revenues. In addition, Ryanair also has accommodation, car rental a
The development of feminism in Chile can be traced back to the mid-19th century. However, the pioneering movement for women started in 1973 during the reign of a dictator called Pinochet. The women’s organization helped in redefining the responsibilities and rights of females in their fight for civil liberty (Winn, 1992). Chilean women became the first to organize the strongest feminist movement in the entire South American region in the history of the 20th century. The women organized the feminist movement into three main categories based on social class. The first category of the feminist organization was called Club de Senoras. Based in Santiago, it represented wealthy and prosperous women. The second organization that represented the working-class women was known as Consejo Nacional de Mujeres (Díaz, 2016). The third organization was established for laboring-class women with the objective of improving their education and social conditions. Chile has been conservative in terms of its social and ecclesiastic development since the early 20th century. The conservative nature of its political ideology would make it difficult for women to rise. However, its education system opened doors for women and that gave them the power to fight for their rights and liberties. The idea of giving women the liberty to attain higher education in Chile started in the mid-19th century. Because of the war between Chile, Bolivia, and Peru, it was difficult to continue with the development of female education. The unbearable social and economic conditions forced women to stay at home. (Winn, 1992) During the reign of President Balmaceda in the late 19th century, the education sector in Chile was improved and expanded. Under Balmaceda’s administration of the country, the first national high school was established in the year 1890. The country had more than 45 girls’ national schools and two professional schools developed for young women by the mid-1920s. Therefore, women in Chile were more informed than in any other country within the region (Díaz, 2016). They understood their rights because of their profound intellectual capacity. Girls who were attending universities in Santiago were cared for by the Consejo Nacional de Mujeres. In addition, the organization helped women who were studying with the necessary resources to achieve their goals. Because of the support feminist organizations provided, more than one thousand young women had completed university education by the early twentieth century. The development of feminism in Chile during those times was scaled by Amanda Hubertson who was the president of the Consejo Nacional (Waylen, 2016). After furthering her education in the United States following the scholarship she was granted by the government, Amanda developed a keen interest in feminist movements. He would later direct the Read Club of women, which was based in Santiago. The main objective of the club was to help women engage in intellectual issues. As a re
Introduction Investments are always very costly ventures that every individual would take a lot of precaution to ensure that it is done in the right way. For any project to be made a success, several issues must be put into consideration in order to ensure that it works as predetermined. For a long period, many business corporations had not given project evaluation the right attention. This was probably due to less technological advancement and less competition by then. However, things are very different today. The world is changing due to changes being brought about by emerging technologies. According to Davidson (2003), many businesses were found unawares by these changes in technology. This scholar says that these changes have redefined the business world. Some of the giant firms were brought to their knees because they were not able to implement the right projects when the environmental conditions demanded for the same. Hamilton (2004) says that the world market has gotten increasingly competitive. On one end, suppliers are getting more autonomous hence more dictatorial when dealing with business units. They therefore have to be paid more for their products. On the other hand, customers have gotten increasingly demanding. The world is now opened up to free communication. Customers have access to the information as it freely flows to the advancement in communication techniques with the help of the phones, mass media, and social media. As such, they know what they want and know that they can always ask for more satisfaction and get it at a lower price. Business firms are also lacking in creativity. As such, they are coming up with projects that are similar to those of competing firms. This duplication of projects has created market that has products that are similar, creating a saturation hence reducing the bargaining power of such business units. Above are some of the challenges that a business unit has to contend with in the current market. It may not be easy to make it through. It is common to see firms fall because of lack of the ability to get hold of the market. In Harvey (2005) words, a firm in the current world market has to be very specific with its strategies, keen to monitor the market changes and smart to implement the best practice in the market, failure of which, there would be no alternative but to bow out of this highly competitive race. Project Evaluation Project evaluation is therefore one of the most important tasks that a firm must ensure that it does well and in time in order to avoid a possible fallout. Projects are always a creation of a creative mind. One would sit and come up with a brilliant idea of how to give a specific market a new approach. It is always through such ideas that firms always find it easy to manage a competitive market. Through these projects, a firm is able to design new ways in the market that would help it stay a step ahead of the competition in the market. As stated above, given that pro
Introduction Business ethics involve the use of personal and moral judgment about business issues. The need for ethical behavior and performance within an established code of conduct amongst business people can no longer be compromised. This will deal with the threat of legal liability associated with unethical decisions and the need for long term profits for any business. The need to practice ethics in all business related activities becomes an added advantage and could be the difference between success and failure. Studies have also shown that businesses which are committed to ethical conduct outperform companies that do not display the same. Furthermore, ethical behavior will also secure better financial returns than unethical behavior. There is the need to understand all ethical issues encompassing business organizations. However, it is the application of these principles in business situations that are of concern. The driving forces of unethical behavior also need to be known. Thus, an individual is capable of avoiding actions that will tarnish the name of the organization. To analyze the ethics tied to a decision a checklist can be used. The checklist will include three questions. To satisfy the criteria for an ethical decision all three responses must be answered. Is the action legal? Does the action violate professional standards? Whom does the decision affect? Activities Business ethics require people to be trustworthy . All clients would prefer to sign business deals with a trustworthy partner. The client should trust the company’s products, image, strength and ability to offer services. This will encompass fulfilling all promises and providing pertinent information regarding services rendered or commodities of the business. Besides, business ethics require the practice of confidentiality and honesty. The second activity is meeting the obligations of the company or business organization. This means that the subject delivers and completes all deals within the stipulated time. Care should be taken, and this may require reclamation of any deals gone sour by honoring all contracts. Thirdly, businesses should also participate in community development . Members of the organization should take time to initiate or participate in community development projects within the business locality. This is a gesture of corporate social responsibility. This activity creates good relationship with customers and the local community. Contribution to community development can involve taking part in community service or donating money that can buy drugs for a local dispensary. The other activity is the demo
Sustainability and Sustainable Development Sustainability development is a form of development that emphasizes responsible use to ensure that the same resources can benefit the coming generations. In essence, sustainable development exploits resources with future generations in mind. Development in this perspective incorporates both the social and economic aspects of development. Ecological sustainability and economy are related in the sense that the economy depends upon ecological provisions for survival. Corporations play a crucial role in sustainability because they are composed of individuals and processes that exploit ecological elements. As corporations develop, they use these elements, and the corporations must use the elements sustainably. The essence of sustainable development is to ensure that societies frugally use resources and mindful of other societies and future generations. Sustainable Development and Sustainability Although governments are aware of the importance of sustainable development, there still exist gaps between the structuring of policies and implementing the policies. However, the bottlenecks that characterize sustainable development are so complex, stubborn, and unpredictable. Population growth has particularly been characterized as a major challenge to sustainable development. The population should be kept within safe limits to protect the environment from over-exploitation. The common global responsibility to ensure sustainable development has led to conferences such as the Earth Summit that seek to combine the efforts of nations towards a common goal. A combined effort towards should be a milestone of every discussion on sustainable development. The Future is not what it used to be: World Population Trends Predicting population trends has been a major challenge for demographers and other scientists. One approach that has been used by demographers in predicting future populations is through the determination of fertility rates. However, the approach proved to be unreliable due to the fluctuating fertility rates in countries. Although demographers usually assume that demographic dynamics of fertility, mortality, and migration will change gradually, aspects such as diseases and plagues often cause these aspects to change suddenly. For instance, HIV has caused significant demographic changes in third-world countries. These aspects have made demographic predictions difficult. The Population Bomb Revisited Overpopulation has always been an issue in the present world, although, during the Marxist period, it took a more political approach. Marx thought that the ruling class was just using overpopulation to reduce the population of the poor while increasing the population of the rich. However, the present ci
Ethical Dilemmas in Psychology: A Critical Analysis of the Violation of Standard 3 of the American Psychological Association’s Code of Ethics In the course of their practice, a psychologist is likely to encounter situations that challenge their professional code of ethics (Trull & Prinstein, 2012). Under such circumstances, the professional is forced to make a decision based on the numerous competing ethical principles facing them. The decision taken by the practitioner in such situations may not be regarded as right or wrong. On the contrary, it is expected that the individual will adhere to the hierarchy of ethical principles set out in their area of practice. In the US, the American Psychological Association (herein referred to as APA) regulates the conduct of psychologists practicing in the country. The association has a series of guidelines that are formulated to inform the practice. The current essay is based on the APA principles and code of conduct for professional psychologists. In the essay, the author analyzes situations under which violation of the policies is likely to arise. The best course of action to take in resolving such violations is suggested in the paper. The reviews made in the essay are aimed at challenging the practitioner to come up with solutions aimed at upholding the integrity of their profession (Trull & Prinstein, 2012). Standard 3 of APA’s code of ethics is identified as the regulation that is violated in this paper. The standard addresses the issue of human relations. The author provides a critical analysis of how the code is violated, and how such cases can be resolved in an ethical mann
Impact of the global economy and technological changes in the autos industry in Michigan A global economy and technological changes are considered to be the two primary drivers of the competitive landscape that have a considerable impact on the auto industry, for example, in Michigan (Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson 8). The Michigan automotive market depends on both, how new technologies are spread and utilized, and how a global economy (services, products, and ideas are spread) are developed. In my opinion, a global economy is a more influential driver of the competitive landscape in the auto industry of Michigan because this type of industry depends on more such factors like tariffs, taxes, and costs necessary for auto usage (a part of a global economy driver) than on the technologies used in production. Business failure The main difference between I/O and resource-based models is that the former aims at identifying what is better for the company regarding several outside factors, and the latter focuses on the company’s unique capabilities and resources such as capital equipment, employees’ skills, finances, etc. (Hitt et al. 17). The resource-based model helps the company in the auto industry (e.g. Ford Motor) earn above-average returns better than the I/O model as it promotes the possibility of the following practices: identification of rare capabilities, comparison of the resources, and introduction
Introduction Natsume Soseki is a well-known Japanese writer who depicts events of the Meiji era and vividly portrays the personal feelings of people and their life grievances. Soseki proposes to readers a unique view of history depicting it as continuous and inevitable, as well as to the ethnocentrism of the Japanese nation that emerged in nineteenth-century Europe. Soseki’s style of writing can be characterized as a formalist one. Soseki uses metaphors and similes as basic patterns in linguistic expression. Thesis The book Kokoro vividly reflects new realistic ideas and the new historical era of Japan depicted through unique themes and stylistic devices. Main body The uniqueness and significance of Soseki are that he changed traditional Japanese literary themes and styles and introduced the modern vision of reality and the historical era. Soseki combines naturalist principles and Romantic ideals portraying unique personal feelings and experiences of the Japanese nation. The importance of Soseki in Japanese literature is that he used the effects of modernity in literature as no other writer of his time, but like the growing ranks of fellow intellect
Abstract The general performance of culturally diverse students is usually low. In this context, school counselors are required to address this phenomenon with precision and articulacy required. However, triumph in the use of counselors to address this issue depends on their cultural competence. This paper is based on a study that focused on the effects of advanced intervention sessions on schools composed of students from diverse cultures. The results that the study found revealed partiality on the part of counselors. It also provided a way of engaging counselors in discussions addressing viable intervention strategies. Concurrently, this paper includes areas that need more studies. This incorporates intervention methods that counselors employ. Background Information US society has become more culturally diverse and this has influenced the cultural diversity of most schools. Thus, training and involvement of supervisors is necessary. These counselors must be culturally competent (Sue, 2010). It has been noted that culturally diverse students perform poorly compared to others. In this regard, school counselors must address this problem (underachievement of the culturally diverse students in academics) with precision and due competence (Erford, 2004). However, a considerable challenge is that many school counselors are not competent enough to effectively tackle the problem. The belief is that these counselors may simply act as gate keepers thus prevent the culturally diverse students from attaining the best academically. It is crucial to execute multicultural supervision for school counselors in order to enhance their competence in handling culturally diverse students. This is a critical provision when considered critically in the context of cultural diversity. However, due to the increasing cultural diversity in schools, teachers must be ready for confrontation with culturally diverse classrooms. In the last 10 years, the number of colored children in the public schools has increased. They currently constitute one third of the total number of students in the public schools. It is estimated that the number of the colored children in the public schools will constitute 40% of the total number of children in the public schools by 2020. Due to these observations and projections, teachers must be thoroughly prepared and trained on how to handle culturally diverse classrooms. This provision will enhance their competency as indicated earlier. Evidently, diversity hardly entails racial implications alone. Composition of families, social and economic statuses of the students, religion and ethnicity of communities, and other considerable factors contribute to the diversity and alleged racial composition. These also influence the expectations of the society and the competence required among teachers. The other observation is that teachers still ref
Janina’s language in the novel Drive Your Plow over the Bones of the Dead is unique in many ways, as she unravels the mystery surrounding not only the murders but her personality. However, one of the most notable traits that the reader may notice on the first page is Janina’s use of nicknames as substitutes for any person or animal’s name. While many people use nicknames for friends or people they dislike, Janina’s approach is built on her feelings towards her name and names in general. She states, “I believe each of us sees the other person in our way, so we should give them the name we consider suitable.” She considers names “polyonymous” and adheres to this rule for every character she encounters. As a result, each person that Janina talks with or about is transformed into the characteristic she sees in them. Her friend is Oddball – and from the beginning, the reader has to inherently accept that this person may be strange somehow, although it may not be accurate. Similarly, the murder victims – Big Foot, Commandant, Inner – have to be seen as the traits of appearance or status they have in Janina’s eyes. In contrast, when Janina thinks about a name for a rescue dog, her first idea is a human name, Marysia. She denies other pet names, saying that “considering her personal history” they could not be suitable for the dog. Thus, Janina thinks deeply about the animal’s life and problems, basing the name on the dog’s condition and story. By looking at the contrast between names and nicknames that Janina uses for people and animals, one can see her actual values. She loves animals while humans get judged or excluded for their oddity. Therefore, while the narrator is untrustworthy, she quickly gives away her views on the murders and exposes her potential role in them. Her nature is to judge people for their treatment of animals, and the latter is perceived as better, more worthy of saving than humans.