ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Learning about business processes is a crucial aspect that helps maintain the level of the training of employees involved in achieving organizational goals. Providing conditions for the productive growth of the professional potential of staff is a responsible task for managers. Nevertheless, given multi-vector business processes and the dynamism of the business market, this objective is not always achieved. Moreover, individual factors can inhibit development activities both at the organizational and individual levels. This work aims to identify the differences between professional development activities and organizational development activities, what learning mechanisms exist and how distinctive they are, how individual drivers affect the hindering of learning activities, and what external organizational factors can be obstacles to the normal study of business processes. Professional Development Activities and Organizational Development Activities For those managers who control business processes and strive to improve the performance of their subordinates, promoting development activities as tools to enhance work productivity is an essential aspect of leadership practice. According to Blau et al. (2008), in the business environment, two key types of these interventions are distinguished – professional development activities (PDAs) and organizational development activities (ODAs). As the authors state, PDAs are characterized by encouraging employee volunteering to participate in projects aimed to strengthen individual skills and abilities (Blau et al., 2008). As a rule, this objective is achieved through the organization of continuing education and educational courses, seminars, workshops, and other events that improve employees’ individual level of knowledge. ODAs are oriented differently and involve organizational rather than personal interventions. Blau et al. (2008) note that these activities also imply employee volunteering as a crucial aspect of professional training but with a focus on achieving organizational purposes through participating in courses or workshops to gain valuable attainments. In both cases, staff learn important information about working in a particular business, but distinctive competences (individual and organizational) are addressed. Both categories of learning activities deserve attention as algorithms for increasing the necessary skills to work in a dynamic business environment. Due to ODAs, employees acquire attainments to interact in a team and implement those immediate tasks that are assigned to address competitiveness, customer loyalty, and other significant factors. PDAs, in turn, as Kemper et al. (2020) argue, “need to not only address knowledge, skill and attitude gaps, but also willingness to self-reflect” (p. 122568). Therefore, for the effective implementation of business processes, both types of development activities are essential mechanisms that contribute to enhancing di
Introduction Leadership in an organization has become a prerequisite for the success of the organization. Therefore leadership is a major determinant for the performance of the organization; either to succeed in the administration or fail in doing so. As a result, several works have emerged to address the issue of leadership in the organization setting. However, this paper attempts to analyze and evaluate leadership aspects such as the theory, strategies and roles in the article “Development and Application of the Leadership Archetype Questionnaire” by Kets De Vries, Vrignaud, Agrawal and Florent-Treacy (2010). Findings and Evaluation The article is about a survey instrument known as Leadership Archetype Questionnaire (LAQ) that is designed to help the leader improve on their leadership and also formulate strategies that will lead to the development of the organization. LAQ as an instrument, is designed to mould leaders upon eight principles which are, “strategist, change-catalyst, builder, innovator, processor, coach, communicator and transactor” (Kets De Vries, 2010: 2850). The article suggests that LAQ as instrument helps the leaders to interact with their followers since the former can not operate in isolation (Gronn, 2002). This is especially true because in designing the LAQ, an interview must be conducted in order to establish the behavior of the leaders (executive). Leaders have been known to have common roles therefore they can assist each other in the performance of their duties in order to achieve the goal of their organization (Mintzberg, 1973). According to Mintzberg, the ten roles of a leader are, “figurehead, liaison, monitor, disseminator, leader, spokesman, entrepreneur, disturbance handler, negotiator and resource allocator, interpersonal, informational and decisional roles” (p. 34). The article describes LAQ as a tool which enhances effectiveness in the roles of leaders in an organization. Effectiveness of the leaders is determined by the composition of the team of leaders in terms of individual difference
Introduction Nurses and other medical practitioners have a responsibility of ensuring that their patients receive quality medical care (Pierson, 2007). This can not be achieved if the nurses lack the required techniques to provide both physical and emotional care to their patients. Optimal patient care is the goal of all healthcare providers and many caregivers fail to achieve this goal due to lack of patient care techniques. Clinical and communication techniques are very critical when it comes to optimal patient care. Patient care techniques enable nurses to attend to their patients with a lot of confidence (Pierson, 2007). It is difficult for patients to trust nurses with poor clinical and communication techniques. A competent nurse will always instill hope in their patients. This paper will highlight some of the patient care techniques that are very fundamental in the nursing career. Body Nurses should always be in a position to take control of any situation that is related to the condition of a patient (Pierson, 2007). A nurse should have good communication skills in order to build a good relationship with the patient. Nurses should be caring and honest in the course of their interaction with a patient. It is not an easy thing to completely win the trust of a patient. Patients can only reveal their personal and health information if they completely trust their caregiver (Pierson, 2007). Nurses should prescribe the right treatments and therapies for their patients without making any mistakes. Prescription skills are therefore very vital when it comes to patient care. Treating patients as a number or
In the article, “Joint Declaration on the doctrine of justification”, by the Lutheran World federation and the Catholic Church, the author takes us through a journey of the pivotal basis for the Lutheran and the Roman Catholics Church dialogue, that before now was a subject of condemnation. Further showing us that there was no basis for condemnation, as a common ground was reached on their individual beliefs of their understanding of being justified by faith through Christ. What the compilers of the dialogue report clearly state in the pages of the work is that, what both the Lutheran and the Roman Catholic Church teaches about justification by faith is the same; the perceived difference is in their method of delivery. Furthermore, the writers of this report journeyed with us through biblical passages, on different teachings on justification by faith. Some of the detailed topics on justification are: righteousness and justification, justification and forgiveness of sins, and the faith work of a justified man. Again, the writers went back to the sixteenth century and made a brief highlight of the reason for the dialogue, stating that, the doctrine of justification was the root cause of the division of the western church. And that for the wounds to be healed, and gaps bridged, a consensus needs to be reached on the topic, based on modern studies. Finally, the writers outlined the key areas on which a common understanding was built. Some of which are that: God alone justifies a man, man is justified by his faith in Christ, and that justification is not by our effort, but by Gods grace. Justification and Satisfaction Justification and satisfaction, can best be linked by making reference to the book of Isaiah chapter fifty three and verse eleven, which talks about the suffering of Christ on the cross and God deriving satisfaction from seen his son on the cross(New King James Version,Is.53.11).From the text, we can deduce that, God is speaking of himself and his son, that the suffering of his son satisfies his justices, or meets his standard for the forgiveness of the sins of humanity.The text further explains that, humanity is justified through their knowledge of him, that is speaking of Christ. In another bible passage it speaks of faith coming through the hearing of Gods word, the implication is that as we listen to his word to gain knowledge, our faith Builds through which we are justified. Personal Thoughts I firmly believe that, man is justified by faith. Man on his own is imperfect in his dealings, often times he finds it difficult to do the things that he wills, as clearly encapsulated in Pauls teachings. Our justification is therefore by faith in Gods words, which by implication is faith in Christ. In Genesis one the bible writes that, in the beginning was the word, and the word was with God. In the book of John the bible speaks of the word becoming flesh, which is Christ that was prophetically announces in Genesis one. This is to say that, man is justified through faith in Christ, the son of God. If this understanding of Gods Word was available t
Japan has been on the receiving end of the recession with its effects dating as far back as post-World War II. On the other hand, although the yen was by then weak against the dollar, it rapidly appreciated in 2008, making it hard to operate using the currency. As a result, the export industry of Japan was affected. This situation is referred to as ‘ endaka,’ and it ensures that imports remain cheaper while exports remain expensive. Japan has been hit by two strong endaka’s prior to the 2008 global financial crisis, and they have affected multinational corporations like Sony. The 2008 U.S house bubble and the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy followed by AIG’s fall affected the global economy greatly. The essay assesses the effects resulting from the contraction of both U.S and Japan economies and the effect of their respective currencies on MNC Sony. Sony is a leading electronics manufacturer in Japan, and it relies heavily on exports. The contraction of the U.S economy resulted in the yen trading higher against the U.S dollar (Daniels, Radebaugh & Sullivan, 2011). Although this favored importers, it affected exports negatively. For example, exporting Sony products to the U.S market would lead to low sales revenue compared to the cost of production. When the yen was high, the export market became polarized because the export market could not be expanded. With a strong Yen against the dollar, the products produced had a high-cost value which would not be met at the international market. Production was affected by the contracting economies and volatile currencies. Since Sony converts all its overall financial statements into Japanese yen, the subsidiaries’ results would affect the consolidated financial statements. As a result, the financial statements of Sony were hurt. Also, the contraction affected the purchasing power of its customers hence reducing the sales revenues from the international market. With a strong yen against the dollar, Sony faced a huge challenge from its competitors in Asia (Daniels et al., 2011). For example, it became increasingly impossible to compete with competitors from other Asian countries like the Korea-based Samsung. When the yen went high, and the Korean won low, Sony found it hard to compete as it would not meet the competitive price set at the international market. As a result, Sony has been forced to move its manufacturing plants from Japan to other Asian countries with a low currency exchange rate (Daniels et al., 2011). Offshore production would ensure that Sony reduces its operational and manufacturing costs. The currencies of these nations are better off as they would assist the organization to balance its dollar expenses and dollar revenues. The strong yen has affected the profit margin of Sony during the recession period. As a result, the earnings and net assets of Sony were low, given the rate of the dollar (Daniels et al., 2011). Subsequently, the company experienced a dry season as it was unable to
Globalization has resulted to integration and interdependency among countries; scientific innovations and inventions of transport and communication networks have made the world a global village. The major setback of globalization is that some countries are prone to benefit than others while some show some elements of suffering (Vandana, 2005). This paper analyses the article The Polarized World of Globalization, by Vandana Shiva. The article The writer starts the article by criticizing the views brought about by Thomas Friedman in his article Flat earth hypothesis; in the article, Thomas had claimed that globalization is beneficial to the world; he observed that globalization has assisted the world attain equality in resources distribution and put resources to optimal use. Shiva is of the opinion that globalization has done more harm than good; she notes that globalization has polarized and divided people along social-economic classes; since the embracement of globalization, there has been an increasing gap between the laborers and the capital owners; she further notes that globalization has resulted to violence’s which she clarified them as; violence of militarized warfare, the violence of “culture wars”, and primitive accumulation for wealth creation. She sees globalization as s creation of some of the world powerful countries to assist them control the world. She criticizes Thomas Friedman for looking the world from a micro-angle and only concentrating on the views of the few individuals around his cycle; she laments of increasing poverty and increased dependency that some countries have been exposed to as a result of globalization (Naomi, 1999) One area that globalization has been blamed is creating unequal distribution of resources; some people stand to benefit while others loss as a result; Shiva blames free trade for social and ecological destruction that the world is experiencing; she is of the opinion that current world trends injure the environment and people suffer silently under the name of globalization. The erosion of culture and social morals can be blamed on globalization; as people interact, they lack their sense of identity resulting to world with minimal respect to humanity. She notes that cultural and social ties played a crucial role in maintaining order and holding societies together, however globalization has threatened the existence of the ties (Freidman, 2005). Shiva challenges the idea of multinational corporations operating in developing country; she observes that these organizations are used as tools of re-colonization as powerful governments control their affairs. Some of these corporations have a large control over the economies of the countries they operate, thus when controlled by an external force, then the control can be felt in the country. She laments the operations of international trade organizations like the World Bank and International Monetary fund where she believes they work for the benefit of some countries (Br
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common brain disease that attacks elderly people, especially those above 60 years. AD advances the victims gradually and the process is irreversible. The disease slowly destroys the parts of the brain that are responsible for cognition and thinking. The disease may result in a serious situation in which the patient cannot even undertake the simple chores that he or she used to carry out (Green, 2005). Mrs. C in the case study is gradually developing AD and as a result, she requires medical intervention to prevent her condition from getting worse. Mrs. C’s condition is likely to deteriorate as the disease advances to higher stages (Green, 2005). This is likely to have various effects on her close relatives, who include her husband, and their two daughters. Her husband is likely to bear the greatest burden if Mrs. C’s condition gets worse. Mrs. C carries out all the duties in their home; however, this is likely to stop because in the next few years, she might be unable to carry out her usual household chores such as preparing meals. She will not be able to move around on her own and her cognition is also expected to deteriorate. Her husband will have to take over the duties Mrs. C used to perform in their house. Mrs. C’s husband will have to move her around, and prepare special meals for her. He will also have to understand the changes that come with AD; he will have to learn how to take care of her even after these changes have taken place. The daughters, like her husband, will be forced to design their daily schedules to ensure that they create time to see her on a regular basis. Mrs. C’s husband is old and is not in a position to take care of the house and the sick wife at the same time. This is why his daughters have to help him take care of their mother. After a few years, Mrs. C will not be able to wash her clothes or prepare food for her husband and herself. Their daughters will be responsible for these basic duties. They will also have to spend a lot of time with the patient to reduce the rate at which her condition is expected to advance. Mrs. C’s condition is not likely to affect the relationship between her and her relatives if they are sensible toward her. The relatives may choose to keep the patient at home or take her to a nursing home. If they decide to keep her at home, then they will need to set up a number of security measures such as: using secure locks on all the windows and doors, installing carbon monoxide detectors, use of smoke alarms, and ensuring no drugs, weapons, plastic bags or equipment are within her reach (Green, 2005). However, the best safety measure in the case of Mrs. C is to take her to a nursing home for the elderly. If her husband refuses, he should be convinced that it is best option for his safety. If Mrs. C was my grandmother, then her sickness would affect my family as well. It would force my family to set a lot of time aside to attend to her. We would ensure that she does not become extremely affected by her condition. I would make sure that she gets the basic services that she requires, which may include: specia
Executive Summary This case study evaluates the market alignment challenge of the New York Times, through the introduction of the paywall platform, as a strategy to stay relevant in the digital marketplace. It evaluates the types of market changes that contributed to the company’s operational problems. In line with this analysis, this case study also shows the customer expectations, market trends, and possible tactical responses that the company could use to overcome its operational challenges. What was the Market like? The involvement of Apple in the problems of the NY Times happened in a market that was experiencing an unprecedented decline in subscribers and sales numbers for physical newspapers. The move from traditional to online reading preempted this decline. Consequently, the New York Times was having trouble maintaining its profitability and subscriber base. As a strategic response, it created a paywall for online digital consumers, but this strategy failed because the company had trouble attracting new readers to the new digital platform, and having them pay for reading online content in the first place (Kumar, Anand, Gupta, & Oberholzer-Gee, 2013). Customer Expectations The growing trend towards digital media consumption saw customers acclimated to consuming digital content freely. In other words, in a fast-paced world where information moves fast, and people develop and share new content, freely, customers do not see the need for paying for newspapers, which cannot keep up with the fast-paced nature of information flow. Partly, this reason explains why the New York Times started recording declining sales numbers and online traffic a few weeks after setting up its paywall. This outcome alone reveals that the main customer expectation was to consume free digital content (Kumar et al., 2013). Marketing Trends Influencing the Company Use of New Media by Customers to Consume Information According to the case study, customers stopped buying newspapers to get information. Instead, they used digital media to get the same information. This trend meant that traditional media outlets would have fewer subscribers. Customers Became Browsers, as Opposed to Readers Traditionally, customers were readers. However, with the development of digital media communications, they became browsers. This trend meant that they were less engaged in the information consumption process. Consequently, it becomes harder for the NY Times to make them pay for the information (Kumar et al., 2013). Increase in the Number of Substitute Products The proliferation of online sources of digital communication has increased the number of substitute products in the market. Traditionally, the main substitute products for the New York Times were television, radio, and magazines. However, online digital marketing space has introduced bloggers, vloggers, and social media websites as new information drivers. Resource Scarcity Declining profit