ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Purpose of the study The analysis of the article will seek to provide a critical review of the article titled “Community health needs assessment with precede-proceed model: a mixed methods study” by Ying Li, Jia Cao Hui Lin, Daikun Li, Yang Wang and Jia He (2009). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the community’s health problems and a range of factors that affect the risk pattern and behavior for critical health problems (Li, Cao, Lin, Li, Wang & He, 2009). In this case, the target problem revolved around the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methodological approaches The study utilized a mixed approach to the collection and analysis of data. To ensure that the study achieves its fundamental objective, the researchers utilized triangulation in collecting and manipulation of survey data. The study identified differences in the causes of mortality. Different samples used in the study led to differences in findings. It is critical for a study to utilize sufficient sample data to allow for a more reliable set of results that can form a basis for generalization (Li, Cao, Lin, Li, Wang & He, 2009). Findings, statistical and practical significance of these results The article finds critical evidence that CVDs stood as a considerable health problem among communities, and that main risk factors confirmed a correlation between lifestyles and behavior patterns in dietary of individuals and deaths. The study found that lower levels of education, beliefs, low accessibility to health promotion, and cultural practices correlated with increased cases of cardiovascular diseases and ultimate morbidity. These results imply that the authorities must be wiling and ready to tackle challenges through strategic policy implementation processes that address the underlying factors of CVDs (Rossi, Lipsey & Freeman, 2004). Relevant studies The analysis of the research article reveals that the authors of the study utilized previous studies that investigated the topic (Rossi, Lipsey & Freeman, 2004). The ability of a study to generate its basis using previous and relevant literatures forms a critical part of ensuring a firm study. From the article, the researchers have shown that they built their study background using recent studies, which informed the approaches of the study (Li, Cao, Lin, Li, Wang & He, 2009). Therefore, this step ensured that the conclusion is sound because findings of the study relates to existing findings i
Introduction In the modern world, competition and the identification of standards are the common rules of social life. People set goals, identify available resources, and cooperate within different communities to succeed in development. The concept of development is not new but complex, and many researchers focus on the identification of its meaning and other characteristics. In this paper, the work by Dickovick and Eastwood will be evaluated to clarify what the authors mean by “development” and which indicators are useful in measuring development and distinguishing between causes and effects. Definition of “development” The idea of development can be interpreted in a variety of ways. For example, Dickovick and Eastwood define development as a process within the frames of which society changes and observes improvements in different areas. It means that a nation achieves positive results in something, and these outcomes influence people and determine their relationships or activities at various levels. Sustainable development turns out to be a serious philosophy for modern individuals and organizations because it touches upon economic and political relationships, as well as human well-being and ecological viability. It is not enough to know its definition to apply it successfully, but it is obligatory to grasp influential outside and inside factors and examples of different countries, either developed or developing. Indicators of development measurement In this discussion, attention has to be paid to the indicators that are critical for development measurement. In the majority of cases, development is determined by economic indicators like economic growth (gross domestic product, GDP, per person), living standards (poverty or literacy levels), and economic inequality (employment rates). However, the role of social and cultural indicators cannot be ignored. For example, changes in the standards of living say about possible shifts in such fields as education or health care. Development may be measured by the levels of happiness, equity, or environmental sustainability (social indicators), as well as by the
The Executive summary The CEO of the organization asked me to submit a report with recommendations on how my department could solve a number of problems within the organization. The objective of this report, therefore, is to articulate the problems affecting the performance of the organization and devise ways of solving them in order to get the organization back on performance excellence. My team employed a number of methods in the study. We used observation methods, camera surveillance, interviews and discussion. We identified the following problems: increased customer complaints, poor data entry and record keeping, generational groupings among the Baby Boomers, generation Y and X, dissatisfaction among the employees, stress among the employees, poor communication in the organization, high attrition rates in generation Y and X and a general lack of motivation among the employees. After a careful study of the origin of these problems, we decided on a few changes that, if implemented, would remedy the situation in the organization. The high rate of bureaucracy in the organization needs to be scrapped and replaced with a more liberal model which gives the employees and customers a priority over the organization. The rigid system of operation will also be neutralized with a more flexible approach than the existing one. Communication within the organization also needs to be improved, with the employees being involved in the decision making process. Communication among the employees will also be encouraged in order to avoid the existing stereotypes and suspicion. Motivation strategies will be instituted, with more concern given to employee needs and satisfaction. Non-cash incentives will be issued as rewards for good performance to employees and all employees will be treated fairly. Introduction Background : Our organization has been experiencing problems among the employees for some time now. This seems to have adversely affected its overall performance. This is reflected by the feedback we receive form our customers and the government. The employees have demarcated themselves into generational groups, each of which acts with suspicion of the other. This has bred a culture of hatred among the senior, middle and young employees, thus, the lack of effectiveness in the organization’s performance. The organization is highly bureaucratic and employees operate under rigid rules and procedures. This system breeds a system of controls and hie
Background Culture is the way people behave and coexist with one another. Culture helps to differentiate one group of people from another (Fine 14) since every culture has its own belief system to which the society is expected to adhere. Therefore, cultures are used as identities. In fact, they are often inherited. Older generations pass on their cultural values to new generations. However, cultural beliefs are at risk of extinction in these changing times where people no longer embrace and or value their culture. Warrior cultures refer to the cultural beliefs of the people of ancient time. These cultures consisted of different types of cultures, which emphasised on the skill of the warrior, caste, and the impact of culture on the society (Greif 912). On the other hand, societal norms refer to the social structures or acceptable code of behaviours that the society requires people to portray. There are certain behaviours that the society does not expect from somebody with knowledge and skills. For instance, it is against the expectation of the society for a normal person to walk naked on the road. Such behaviour is against the social norms: it is denounced (Durkheim 14). Therefore, social norms are simple behaviours or actions that the mainstream society expects an individual to do. The paper is a research on warrior cultures. It presents some of the contrasts that exist between culture and societal norms. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to find out how the warrior culture contrasts with societal norms. Various secondary sources will be relied upon to gather facts about these differences. Objectives of the study The study aims to:  1. Find out various warrior cultures in a bid to show how they influenced people’s lives  2. Investigate on the societal norms to find out how they differ from the warrior cultures  3. Deeper insights on cultural practices and social norms will be examined Limitations of the study Because of the nature of the study, the researcher will utilise the available secondary sources to complete the research. The study will be limited to the objectives and aims of the study. However, the scope will be limited to warrior culture and societal norms. One of the limitations the research is inadequate resources about the warrior cultures. There are inadequate materials written about the warrior cultures. Therefore, this may have a negative impact on the inferences made about the culture. Furthermore, secondary materials may not provide the exact practices due to frequent translations and revisions that have been done on the original manuscripts. The research therefore may not be able to gather the exact facts. Nevertheless, the researcher will ensure that enough and credible sources are used to maintain credibility of this research. Findings: How the Warrior Culture Contrasts with Societal Norms Enough literature on warrior society was traced from ancient authors such as Appollinaris, Sidoris, Tacitus, Juliu
One of the most striking modern economic trends is an increase in the market share of companies providing online services. These include mobile applications, websites, and, in particular, platforms that create media content like Netflix. The company’s position in this situation is extremely positive, as people tend to spend more time watching TV shows and movies at home. The main competencies of Netflix are the creation of high-quality products of great interest to the public. Mandal et al. (2017) state that the goal of the company “is to build a portfolio of movies which will attract and retain viewers and optimize the cost of licensing these movies in relation to the number of subscribers who watch them” (p. 155). Thanks to this, the company is the most influential player in the market and can cope with any competition. There is also a trend towards increasing demand for educational products. The more opportunities there are for obtaining information, the more interesting it is for people to learn something new. Palvia et al. (2018) state that “As information and communication technologies have kept advancing, online education has become more feasible technologically, economically, and operationally” (p. 233). Netflix is also trying to develop in this area, for instance, by creating science-related movies. Since they are in demand, their ratings are co
Introduction Corruption does not fit in the singular type of behavior nor does it fit in the common kind of behaviors. According to Jacobs and Anechiarico, the term corruption does not mean that the conduct in question is illegal but it serves the purpose of indicating to the laborer that the act committed is either unethical or immoral (Jacobs and Anechiarico, 1996, p. 3). Different people have different views on ethical and moral behavior hence creating room for argument on the labeling of corruption. In modern times, public servants have been under scrutiny by the public on matters pertaining to service delivery. This has led to not only following of the laws to the latter but also avoiding the labeling of corruption in their work place. By limiting corruption to a term that is associated with conduct prohibited by law, the question of ambiguity and doubt pertaining to corruption will remain as an issue to tackle. Corruption can take different forms of acts. Bribery for instance is considered as an official form of corruption. Officials in public offices are more prone to this kind of vice as some of them use their status in the public office for personal and private gains. In addition to this thievery is also described as one of the other form of corruption. In thievery, the officials tend to misuse or steal government properties for personal gains. These officials go to the extent of committing fraud, undertaking personal work on the job and late arrivals at work while at the same time leaving early (Jacobs and Anechiarico, 1996, p. 3 & 4). Integrity on the other hand indicates the quality of conducting one’s self by upholding the values, rules, and norms acceptable both politically and in the public domain. Integrity violation has resulted to a number of public misconducts, which include corruption, nepotism, sexual harassment,
Modern classrooms are highly diverse in terms of socioeconomic status of students, their gender, ethnicity, development and so on. Instructors face a variety of issues while working in these classrooms especially when it comes to early childhood. Clearly, young learners need special attention and support from teachers. Therefore, it is essential to develop certain instructional and behavioural support strategies which could have a positive impact on learning of typical, atypical and gifted students. Of course, these strategies should be applicable in diverse classroom environment. Before analysing certain strategies, it is necessary to identify major milestone in development of pre-schoolers. Typical children continue developing their motor skills as well as learning skills. Independence of these children increases rapidly. They also become more empathetic. Vocabulary of preschool children is increasing and they learn how to solve problems, make judgements, plan ahead, and express their ideas (Bergin & Bergin, 2014). It is noteworthy that children develop their creativity, roleplaying as well as telling stories. Development of atypical children differs from the norm and these children’s overall development (or development of some skills) is usually retarded. As far as gifted children are concerned, these young learners often develop some skills faster than the rest of children. Notably, these children tend to remain unnoticed in early childhood classrooms (Allen & Cowdery, 2014). Admittedly, it is essential to properly identify the developmental stage of a student to employ the most effective behavioural and support instructional strategies. It is necessary to note that every diverse classroom will require a mix of strategies. Young learners require a lot of attention and more guidance due to scarcity of their knowledge and, hence, it is possible to use direct approach (Allen & Cowdery, 2014). When presenting new vocabulary or concepts the teacher may often use teacher-centred approach and provide particular instructions to students. These instructions can be given to the whole class. Admittedly, it is important to facilitate perception of the new concept with the help of concepts learners are acquainted with. Furthermore, it is essential to make sure all students understand the vocabulary used in class as many classes include students who learn English as the second language. The instructor has to pre-teach all new words and phrases as well as provide additional guidance if necessary (Allen & Cowdery, 2014). Gifted and typical students may grasp the concepts faster than atypical students. Therefore, it is important to provide additional guidance to these students (Boat, Dinnebeil & Bae, 2010). Of course, it is better to predict most challenging points and come up with additional instructions or visual aid (pictures, objects, videos, audio and so on). However, it is inappropriate to use this strategy too often. As has been mentioned above, this is the stage when young learners becoming more independent. Thus, it is ess
Introduction Cultural tourism refers to the movement of people from their usual places of residence to other cultural attractions with an intention of satisfying their cultural needs (Greg, 1996, p. 24). In Europe, charters exist that provide the benchmarks for best tourism practices based on cultural heritage resources. However, this is not the case in Asia which is still formulating its tourism policies. Being a developed region, Europe has highly established services and infrastructure system with consistent evaluation systems that helps in rating its economic performance and benefit in the tourism sector unlike Asia. People participate in cultural tourism for learning purposes and other reasons which include: relaxation and pleasure, Aesthetic experience, Facilitate social interaction and enhance kinship relationships, religious motives etc. Cultural Tourism operates within a social, economic and policy framework. An increase in cultural growth has contributed to the rise in demand for cultural facilities (Greg, 2007). Cultural tourism has therefore been continuously used as an income generating venture to help raise funds to be used in putting up these facilities. Availability and development of new tourism facilities creates employment opportunities and shape cultural policies. Development of new cultural products is therefore very important in the competitive global market to complement the contemporary conventional products in the market. Despite the existence of unique culture based, spiritual, natural, rich and diverse cultural heritage sites, South Asia is still one of the poorest regions in the market. Asian countries should therefore encourage regional cooperation to promote cultural tourism to their nature-based and unique destinations. This will help in raising incomes for its people as well as offer employment opportunities apart from causing economic expansion. Regional cooperation will enhance attraction of high end tourists who are able to spend a lot of money on tourism for extended periods of stay. Asia’s domestic and international tourism is growing rapidly and is getting into an explosive phase; this is because the number of visitors from China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and Taiwan is continually increasing. With a projected increase in the middle class population in China, it is likely to spill over to Asia in the International rank of tourism. The wealthy people in the countries neighbouring Asia are mobile and continually seek travel opportunities for recreation and learning. Although characterised by tourism and pilgrimage, Asia’s tourism sector is growing first because the government is enacting favourable policies that recognise emerging trends in the tourism sector (Brooks, 2005). Exploitation of tourism assets for short term gains should be discouraged and all local policies should favor and benefit the local p
Metadata is a type of data that is factual and that acts as extra information through which organizational data is presented. The data is concealed in a document, attached and created in a computer file. It can take the form of revised history and comments between a document and the editors such as in the case of word processing in Microsoft Word. Metadata can be described in terms of how data is formatted. It is divided into two; structured and descriptive metadata. Structured metadata involves the plan and pattern of data structures, while descriptive metadata is where an individual creates data content. Metadata can be used in describing digital data in a specific discipline, and by relating the information and the context of the data files (Baca, 2008). There are various security issues related to metadata. One such issue is the possibility of information leakage, an aspect that could easily damage an organization. A patient or any other unauthorized personnel may, for example, illegally access a patient’s health information and that related to other sensitive details, a situation that is not only harmful to the client, but to the hospital as well. To prevent leakage of such information, there is need to use data loss and leakage prevention technologies. This is the easiest way of ensuring that data stored is kept safe and confidential (Baca, 2008). Data Loss prevention is widely known for closely monitoring endpoints, networks and data sources for accidental outflow of susceptible information. Metadata can be integrated in several ways. An organization can, for example, start by evaluating where priorities exist like in terms of the various stakeholders involved through data integration. Additionally, the BI Metadata Repository Manager system can be used to come up with a write protect documents that gives access to other links online where one can get a document in a HTML format, based on metadata. Another way in which metadata can be integrated is in corporate metadata that assists in saving time and money while creating metadata. This method increases the quality of information delivered from data warehouse to business users, and leads to better decisions being made based on the information provided (Vitt, Luckevich & Misner, 2005). Master Data Management Master data management is a situation where data is spread across systems such as lists and hierarchies of customers, suppliers, accounts and organizational units that organize and identify transactional data (Morris & Vesset, 2005). An ICT solution selling a product to a custo
It should be stated that the politics in America is centered on the two political parties that have the greater amount of votes during elections, namely Democratic and Republican. The main difference between the competitive parties is to be found in their viewpoint concerning the burning issues, democratic or conservative. Despite the fact that the political structure in the United States seems to be divided into two political parties, the third one can still influence the election process proving that politics is very controversial, and the situation may change rapidly. People across the United States share the idea the two-party system should be changed as they notice that Republicans and Democrats have misunderstandings, and it influences the way they make decisions. It should be highlighted that people are sure that these parties are fighting for their interests and power, not taking into account the interests of the nation in general (Elleithee 2015, para. 2). Mo Elleithee, the political strategist, is sure that having the third party in the Congress will not be a perfect solution. The key issue is that through the history of the United States third parties managed only to split votes, helping one party to succeed and another to fail (Elleithee 2015, para. 3). However, it should be pointed out that these facts did not force Republicans and Democrats to improve their working process. Bernie Sanders, the head of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, is a democratic socialist (according to his words), and one of the longest-serving independent in the United State Congress. Sanders aims to become the president of the United Sates. According to the principle position he refused to be financially supported by corporations, approving only donations from his voters (Clines 2015, para. 4). However, the fact that Bernie Sanders is a democratic socialist seems to be controversial. According to Lane Kenworthy, the professor of political science, the Sanders’s beliefs can be better described as a mixture of capitalistic, socialistic, and democratic (Barro 2015, para. 3). The politician is sure that there is no need in nationalizing some mills and banks, for the economy to improve new approaches should be found and the mixture of the methods should be taken into account. It should be pointed out that social democracy requires the understanding of the s