ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ours is a state with one of the strongest, most industrious economies on the earth. Nevertheless, substantial poverty exists in the midst of abundance; as a result, restoring our moral influence means leading by illustration and making apparent that the difficult challenges do not scare us, there are no better chances than the challenge of poverty. We find that Poverty persists to be an extremely moving and politicized matter in the United States. Regrettably for both the poor and taxpayer, the sum of money designated for anti-poverty programs has been in use as a measure of individual lawmaker’s alarm for unfortunate Americans. This essay will try to capture some of the economic solutions that have been offered about the economy and the poor with special interests in income distribution and welfare reform. (Davis 54). Income distribution Economic growth since 1982 has caused the initial diminution in the poverty rate for a couple of years and the principal drop since the 1960s.The official thresholds were created in the 1960s based on statistics from the the1950s. Since then they have mostly been attuned only for cost changes but not for upgrading in common living values. In a period with piercingly mounting income disparity, it is worth contemplating the significance of this progress. It is, therefore, vital in this dimension to attempt to shun a little by little approach: it is consequently key to expansively as possible with both an absolute accounting of accessible assets on the income side, as well as fixed cost on the threshold side. (Segalman&Basu 67). The NAS measure is an immense development to all earlier ways but it is restricted in the level to which it captures relative differences between the unfortunate and the rest of society. An additional way to gauge poverty is one with a vast intuitive appeal that tracks the underprivileged while accounting for changes in existing income levels among the non-poor. Such measures are called relative in that they set the poverty threshold as a percent of the medium earnings, which moves each year, characteristically increasing in supposed terms. (Davis 76). Welfare reform While poverty has fallen in modern years, welfare reform has been and will carry on to be a channel for a continuing debate about poverty in this country. This discussion involves such issues as the equilibrium between personal and collective accountability; society’s compulsion to those who work but stay poor; the issue of childbearing outside matrimony, and how to break the sequence of poverty for children rising up in low-income communities. Welfare reforms, therefore, acts as a way to ensure that people take accountability for their actions. However, Welfare should be a second opportunity not a means of life, consequently, the government needs to alter the approach that can repay dependency more than personal scheme. (Segalman&Basu 45). Conclusion The conservative understanding is that poverty can be cured through go
Introduction Urban Agriculture (UA) is not a new phenomenon per se. Although it begun in the 1970s, it is not until the past two decades that the practice gained popularity in many cities in both the third world countries in Africa and developed countries, including America. The practice has increasingly become common as urban residents, activists, and organizations take up abandoned pieces of land in metropolitan centers to convert them into productive resources through agriculture. Urban and peripheral urban agriculture has numerous benefits, such as improving the economic wellbeing of the residents, creating job opportunities, incubating other local businesses, improving access to affordable healthy foods, and encouraging savings on foodstuffs. Moreover, urban agriculture promotes a sense of community and the formation of social networks among neighborhoods as residents interact to buy agricultural products from urban farmers. This research paper critically analyses the impact of urban agriculture on the local economy. Research Question   * How does urban agriculture improve the local economy? Methodology The methodology is based on qualitative research methods that include urban agriculture journals and reports from various countries where the practice is common. The preparation of the journals involved conducting interviews with the urban farmers and surveys on the certainty of the farming practices. These tools led to the collection of adequate information on the crops and livestock involved in urban agriculture. It also revealed how the overall activities influenced the economic livelihoods of urban dwellers. Findings A growing body of literature asserts that urban agriculture has increasingly become a common practice in many cities around the world. Rigorous research conducted to investigate the urban livelihoods, markets, ecosystems, and health revealed that urban agriculture plays a vital economic role in the local economy of the cities involved. A myriad of push factors such as the improvement of the health of urban dwellers and evasion from political sho
A crucial part of the nursing care plan, a change in the lifestyle of most of the family members must be made so that further improvements could be observed. One of the most important issues to focus on, the so-called “pitting,” or cutaneous, edema that Mother B has, must be tended to in a proper manner. It is necessary that the edema should not progress until it turns into generalized. In other words, it is crucial that the key reasons for the disease development should be defined. Apart from the nutrition issues, which will be analyzed below, a range of changes of the Mother B’s lifestyle must be made. First and most obvious, it will be highly recommended that the sedentary lifestyle should be substituted with a more active one. In other words, it is recommended that Mother B should take regular daily walks (Atkin, 2013). Seeing how the aforementioned pitting edema is usually accompanied by varicose veins, it will be necessary to carry out a therapy, which will provide either treatment of the condition, in case Mother B has the aforementioned disease, or an efficient prevention of the problem, if Mother B has not developed the given problem yet. To address the problem of varicose veins, it will be required to use compression stockings. Naturally, surgery seems to be the best choice possible in the given situation, seeing how it will help get rid of the problem for a considerable time; however, taking Mother B’s age into account, one must admit that the procedure may have a very negative effect on her heart and, therefore, cause even more health concerns. Mr. B, who is diagnosed with diabetes, should adopt a less sedentary lifestyle as well (Biddle, Davies, Khunti, & Yates, 2012). Suggested dietary modifications As the official data states, the key to the problems of the family that has been monitored concerns rather poor nutrition; particularly, extremely high rates of fats and sucrose. It is essential to keep in mind that some of the diseases have been considered as hereditary; for instance, the fact that one of the family members has diabetes can be explained by the hereditary predisposition of the patient. Herein lies the key to defining the nutrition features for not only the specified family member, but also for the Mother B and Mrs. B. Indeed, seeing how the son has developed diabetes, it is suggested that the mother is under a considerable threat of developing the specified disease in the futur
The Google Driverless Cars Self-driven cars are one of the technologies being developed by Google. The chauffeur software powers the robotic vehicles and is capable of detecting anything a human driver can see. The driverless cars are equipped with a light radar system, 64-beam laser, and high-definition inch-precision map as well as other detection equipment. The 64-beam laser is the range finder, which is placed at the top of the vehicle. Besides, the laser enables the robotic vehicle to create a three-dimensional map of its immediate environment. The three-dimensional maps are combined with the world’s high-resolution maps to produce diverse characteristics of data models that allow the car to drive automatically (Fisher, 2013). Besides the on-board systems, the driverless cars are also systematically automated in certain remote computer houses. According to Google, cars are not just purposely for transportation but can also be used for other purposes (Fisher, 2013). Driverless cars technology would revolutionize the manner in which people commute around the globe. Driverless car technology would find various applications ranging from providing the solutions to physical inabilities to commercials. Most importantly, blind people would easily commute using driverless cars. Finding something that the blind can comfortably utilize without any help is one of the greatest solutions the driverless cars can offer (Fisher, 2013). Besides, driverless cars can be utilized for advertisements as well as meeting various business hauling needs. While various individual and business applications can find the driverless cars useful, the firm is still not yet ready to roll out the technology for commercial purposes. In other words, the driverless cars will not be utilized in the near future (Fisher, 2013). However, technology can still be used for various purposes. In fact, Google is planning to come up with a firm that would market the technology to the producers of automobiles. The technology behind driverless cars is currently becoming popular with automobile manufacturers (Fisher, 2013). Some of the firms are testing the technology with the application of low-powered green energy. Essentially, the technology behind driverless cars has the potential for the future. However, the applicability of the driverless cars on the common roads has been questioned. In fact, some of the critics argue that operating driverless cars pose great risks to other road users (Fisher, 2013). Besides, the concerns that the technology is ahead of road regulation in most of the jurisdictions have been raised. While the technology is noble, most states and countries have not adjusted the road regulations to allow the vehicles to be operated (Fisher, 2013). Moreover, according to policymakers and regulators, new laws need to be enacted in order to make the technology a reality. With fast advancing technology and changes in the transport sector, there is a need to c
The world comprises of people from different social, political and economic backgrounds determined by nature or human interventions. Nature determines a person’s background in biological aspects such as sex, age and skin complexion among other aspects while differences due to human interventions include culture and the financial position of an individual in the society. These personality differences have led the society to create groups of people who share many aspects of their lives and distinguish them from other groups. People have been made to believe that certain groups of people behave in a particular manner or are likely to have specific characteristics. This belief is based on the assumptions brought down from past generations in society and is referred to as stereotyping. This essay aims at outlining why stereotyping is a community issue of concern and how it can be changed. Stereotyping is defined as the act of assigning certain traits and beliefs on an event, individual or a group of people and is usually founded on assumptions. On the other hand, labeling refers to the names and adjectives used to define a stereotyped individual or group. Stereotyping and labeling go hand in hand since stereotype is what is conceived in a persons mind while labeling is the manifestation of the inner belief regarding someone or something. The main cause of this is usually the presence of little knowledge or ideas regarding the stereotyped group of people or subject of concern. Stereotyping usually manifests itself in many different ways as a result of personality judgment and analysis. The most common forms of stereotypes are based on gender issues that try to explain the reason why males behave differently from women. Racial stereotypes are usually as a result of assumptions and lack of sufficient information in defining people from a particular race or ethnic group. However, stereotyping has also played a very major role in forming the basis of analyzing and studying behavior and other issues related to individuals. Researchers usually involve the use of stereotyping in formulation of their research hypothesis or questions. Using the assumptions based on stereotyping they begin from a general perspective regarding an indi
Culture is an integral part of any company. In relation to police culture, most elements are universal, yet every police department may be characterized by its unique and distinctive organizational culture ( Police Culture par. 4). A Chief may encounter inadequate police behavior. To improve the situation, they should consider changing agency culture as a means of primary importance. First and foremost, there are two possible scenarios when an organizational culture should be changed. Such culture may either tolerate violation of human rights and offenses of law or be limited to less crucial problems that still need to be solved. As the new Chief of Police, I could take several steps in both cases and use some techniques. Being public employees, criminal justice staff should be guaranteed their rights (Stojkovic, Kalinich, and Klofas 239). Constitutional rights regard plenty of issues, for instance, freedom of speech, self-incrimination, searches and seizures, workplace harassment, and sexual abuse (Peak 360). I guesstimate that one of the most frequent forms of culpable conduct is based on race, color, age, gender, sexual orientation, disability, religion, and other criteria of this kind. In order to prevent any crime, I would immediately hold a meeting and indicate to the staff the consequences of misbehavior. I would shed light on major and minor issues at once. At the first misdemeanor or crime, I would punish the guilty persons according to the rules that had been previously established and announced. Naturally, intimidation should not be the only way of treating employees. As the Chief, I would serve as a model for everybody, avoid injustice and brutality in relations with them, and encourage partnership. In a less dramatic context, the employees of the agency may have fostered the culture that I simply do not like. Although it is impossible to change the situation in the blink of an eye and use sanctions against innocent individuals, I would start introducing new norms. It is necessary to remember that culture is in a person’s head (Crank 26). In other words, it is important to work with people and their views. Rather than managing employees to change, it is more effective to lead them: “Practicing the basic leadership tenants of acting with integrity, inspiring confidence, and building trust are always important” (Reynolds par. 8). The concept of leading includes sharing one’s vision and providing meaning to others. As the Chief, I should understand what the organization wants to accomplish and assure that the staff recognizes the goals. If people grasp the idea, they will be more motivated and perform better. As for the techniques I could use, three of them are potentially effective. I could change the artifacts, or signs, of the old culture, for instance, new patrol cars may be purchased. Then, the current beliefs and values may be modified by increasing or decreasing their strength. For example, respect for younger and more hard-working employees may become more significant than honoring senior workers. Finally, I could allo
Introduction Psycholinguistics is a field of study that is concerned with understanding psychological and neurobiological factors in human beings (Sedivy, 2014). The factors are important in the processes of acquiring, using, comprehending, and producing language. Traditionally, the focus of the field was limited only understanding the functions of the human brain. However, contemporary studies in psycholinguistics involve many subjects, such as information theory, linguistics, and biology, among others. The application of multiple subjects in the field of research enables researchers to address language issues holistically among learners and other persons in society (Sedivy, 2014). The importance of language cannot be overemphasized. Excellent psychological and neurological processes of acquiring, processing, comprehending, and producing language are important to all aspects and interactions of human beings (Zimmerman et al., 2009). This paper aims at formulating a novel research question that would be tested in the proposed study. Moreover, it provides methods that would be utilized to answer the question. Finally, it discusses why the question is important for the field of psycholinguistics. The proposed research question A research question is an essential component of a study since it helps a researcher to focus on a specific area of investigation (Sedivy, 2014). The proposed study will endeavor to find answers to the following question: What are the psycholinguistic factors that affect students aged between 10 and 15? Previous studies have concentrated on understanding several aspects of psycholinguistics on groups of people. For example, the influences of factors in relation to the processes of acquiring a second language have been described (Shabitha & Mekala, 2013). However, past studies have not provided data about the factors that might affect students in the age group (from 10 to 15 years). Methods Scientific studies should always use validated procedures to collect data that can be analyzed and utilized in making conclusions about the sample and the general population (Roberts, 2012). The proposed study will make use of experiments that will be based on behavioral tasks. In this context, study participants will be subjected to linguistic stimuli in a classroom or outside the classroom. Later, they will be requested to perform some actions. For example, they may be required to give lexical decisions, and/or imitate the stimuli. Alternatively, they would
The Avengers is one of the thrilling movies based on super-heroism as evident from its characters. Precisely, the movie addresses grave concerns exhibited by revenge fantasy occurring against the milieu of unpopular and detested foreign wars. The characters like Mark Ruffalo, Loki, the Iron Man, Thor, and Barton among others are missioner to accomplish their visionary revenges against mysterious fancy concerns. This paper critically analyzes the movie on decisive grounds. Evidently, movies are artistic compositions meant to accomplish some thematic desires. This is critically evident in this movie (The Avengers) right from its start (developments) to the end (conclusion) where some characters accomplish their missions while others lose awfully. When analyzing this movie, numerous factors emerge that are helpful in discerning its plot, thematic missions, and its comical aspects as stipulated in its entire contexts. Comparatively, the movie endeavors to be contextual with the military, heroism, and other incidental aspects. This is a considerable thematic concern when considered critically. Besides, due to its appropriateness, viability, and complexity, the film adheres to a timeline necessary for its execution. Additionally, it is notable that the movie embraces some traditional elements. Besides, it has renowned characters with special talents helpful in the entire context. The story encompasses basic and commonplace plot evolutions including a problem and its applicable solutions. Critically, people who watch this movie will realize its connectivity with the audience due to its settings and other thematic provisions. It is possible for individuals to indulge themselves in the settings portrayed by the movie, fantasize about the occurrences on screen, and compare the actual characters with themselves. Additionally, the movie has the capability of astounding the audience. It is believable that there is a visual representation of human and fictitious happenings in the movie. This has enhanced the theatrical performance of this visual composition. Evidently, the movie (Marvel’s The Avengers) has had a vast recognition since its release. The Avengers is a concept that was designed by Stan Lee, the sole inventor of numerous superheroes, and appreciated by numerous individuals. The idea was that Lee would take the heroes that had become so popular and organize them into a super group of sorts, allowing them to defeat much more powerful foes. In terms of the film itself, it really surpasses expectations of the audience. It is evident that some movies have varying flaws; nevertheless, The Avengers prelude strengths and other relevant provisions in its context. Furthermore, the characters in the movies have tried to play their roles with novelty and professionalism required in the movie industry. This is a critical consideration. Despite the use of various fictitious ideas, the thematic provisions of the movie are still evident when scrutinized critically. The introduction of new characters into the play has equally contributed to the exceptionality of the concerned
Description of Company Fly Dubai (2014) is a Dubai-based, government-owned, low-cost airline. Since its establishment in 2008, the company has grown to serve more than 60 destinations around the world. The airline flies to different continents around the world, including Africa, Europe, and Asia. At its inception, the airline received technical support from Emirate Airlines (Kemp 2012). However, the company is not part of the Emirates Group. The airline’s main goals are to provide safe, comfortable, and affordable air travel to all its customers (Fly Dubai 2014). Currently, the company operates a fleet of more than 30 aircraft (Boeing 737s) that fly across its multiple destinations (Fly Dubai 2014). Data Collection Method This paper mainly relies on two types of information about Fly Dubai (2014) – primary and secondary information. Data from the company’s website (Fly Dubai 2014) and its associated pilot training website (Flydubai Virtual 2014) outline the main sources of primary information. This study relies on such pieces of information because they are credible and reliable. Moreover, they provide a first-hand account of the airline’s activities. Credible and independent academic publications, such as book reports and online business publications, outline the main sources of secondary information used in this paper. This study uses secondary information to verify the data provided in the primary information sources. Moreover, such information sources provide independent accounts of the airline’s activities. Role of Information Systems in Company Management Fly Dubai (2014) extensively uses information systems to support its virtual functionalities. Business-to-customer (B2C) relationships and business-to-business (B2B) relationships