ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction SunSmart is a nonprofit organization that is located in Victoria. The organization began operating in 1988 through a joint funding of the Cancer Council Victoria and Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (Vic Health). Alongside the core aim of minimizing the human cost of skin cancer in Victoria, SunSmart also aims to promote and improve the awareness of a balanced approach to UV exposure and the link with vitamin D. The cornerstone of SunSmart’s work is raising awareness and providing sun protection advice to the Victorian public. This work involves ongoing research initiatives and campaigns to promote sun protection and prevent skin cancer. SunSmart and Cancer Council Victoria believe that investment into developing a strong research base is essential in developing the most effective programs and policies. Past and continuing research involves monitoring skin protection attitudes and behaviors, as well as evaluation of SunSmart programs and media campaigns (Cancer Council Victoria 2010 p. 17). This paper will look into the marketing research intended to be carried out on the SunSmart iPhone application and try to answer some of the questions the research poses. It will critically evaluate the questionnaire for the research focusing on the appropriateness of the length layout and screening and skip questions. It will look at the need for pretesting and the importance of pre testing the questionnaire and will finally look at how the research project being proposed can be changed into a longitudinal study and the advantages of changing it. Discussion Critically evaluate the questionnaire developed for the research. Specifically focus on the appropriateness of the length layout and screening and skip questions A questionnaire is one of the instruments employed by researchers in collecting information or data. It consists of a series of questions that are designed to collect useful information relevant to the research. The use of questionnaires is advantageous to a researcher over other methods because it is cheap and its structure allows the researcher to use standardized questions that make it easy to collect information. The use of standardized questions may, however, become a frustrating point to a respondent. The questionnaire is sharply limited by the respondents’ ability to read and understand the questions being asked so that they can give a solid response. This makes it unusable among certain demographic groups (Bolton & Bronkhorst 1996). The type of questionnaire used in the market research for the SunSmart Company is a personal questionnaire that tries to gather information about the SunSmart iPhone application. A questionnaire should have a length that is well balanced and contain enough questions so that it helps in making the survey relevant. The researcher should also avoid having the questionnaire contain many questions that would cause a high incompletion rate among respondents. The questionnaire that is used in this case is long and contains many questions. This would make it time consuming for the respondent and there would be
The article under consideration is the work Professional work ethics: Strategies to motivate beside nurses to deliver high-quality patient care by Bartzak (2010) who has chosen the Transformational Model for Healthcare as the conceptual framework. The reasons for considering the problem has become the awareness of the fact that many nurses to not offer the top quality services at hospitals, moreover the statistics shows that between 48,000 and 96,000 people are harmed while hospitalization. Therefore, the problem is urgent and it is necessary to search for the ways for motivating nurses to provide top quality care. One of the best ways for making nurses reconsider their attitude is to motivate them and create the code of ethics which is going to be effective. Returning to the discussion of the Transformational Model for Healthcare, its major components should deserve attention. Thus, the Professional Practice, Process, Primary Outcome, and Strategic Outcome are the major components of the model. Each of these major components is divided into smaller ones, which guarantee the quality of the services offered by the nurses in case the particular conditions are met. Thus, Professional Practice component is divided by transformational leadership, care delivery systems, professional growth and collaborative practice. These components allow the nurses understand that the mutual responsibility and the trust among the nurses and patients provide an encouraging effect. The author of the article states that none of the models and its components are able to make nurses treat patients better, however leadership and other components of the model are able to create the conditions, according to which the employees are going to be encouraged to work better for their personal benefit. Moreover, the author of the article underlines the fact that self-motivation and encouraging from the side of the nurse managers is important. The leadership in nursing is a crucial factor as the leaders do not only motivate nurses for conducting their work quality, they also encourage them for successful completion of their responsibilities. The implementation of the top quality work by nurses is the success of the hospital and the managing staff who has organized the work in such a way that the employees have a desire to deal with the patients in such
Introduction / Thesis The play “Richard III” has been traditionally referred to as one of Shakespeare’s most controversial dramaturgic works, due to the fact that, even though play’s main character Richard Gloucester is being clearly presented to readers as villain, his commitment to evil has an undeniable aesthetic quality. Just as the character of Hannibal Lecter in movie “Silence of the Lambs”, Richard inspires both: contempt but also a certain respect, simply because his mastery of evil appears as being unsurpassed, which in its turn, explains the fact that, even though Richard did exist in reality, general public tends to think of him as rather one of particularly memorable literary characters of all times then strictly a historical figure. At the same time, it would be wrong to suggest that Richard’s wickedness can be thought of as “thing it itself’, as many literary critics do, because then, the reading of this Shakespeare’s play could hardly result in sparking much of a controversy. Apparently, there is so much more to the character of Richard III then his clearly defined existential nihilism alone. This is the reason why in this paper, we will aim at analyzing him as three dimensional personality figure, rather then simply an individual whose ultimate demise has been brought about by his irrational lust for power and by his refusal to observe the norms of conventional morality, while dealing with life’s challenges. Main part In his article “Honeyed Toads: Sinister Aesthetics in Shakespeare’s Richard III ”, Joel Elliot Slotkin provides us with the insight onto the fact that popularity of “Richard III” can be explained by this play’s “appeal to subconsciousness”. In other words,
The article deals with penetrating and blunt injury causing abdominal trauma in patients, both male and female. The article is comprehensive with a detailed account of the anatomy as well as the physiology of the various organs of the abdomen and the complications arising in them. Specific injuries related to the organs of the abdomen are discussed through case studies. The article focuses on the injury and damage caused to the organs and the best possible way to asses the injury through the general assessment tools which can be used by nurses in their practice. The primary focus of the article is the difference between penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma which is done through a series of case studies. The article also provides valuable insight about the structure and functioning of the organs and how damage and trauma to these organs could have a vital impact on the overall functioning of the abdominal system. The assessment of the initial vital signs by the nurses after the patients arrived for medical assistance has been vividly described. Physical examination procedures have been vividly described which reveal the extent and the exact location of the injuries to the body parts and organs so that damage control surgery can be appropriately conducted by the surgeons. The rationale foe the assessments have been clearly explained so that nurse can examine the ‘vital Signs’ (Lynn, 2009) and “distinguishing entrance and exit wounds and their locations to assist in determining the trajectory of the bullet and what organs may be involved (Pg. 43). Thorough examination including the “skin fold, the back, the perineum, the axillae, and the buttocks” would indicate the exact loc
Why is structural diagnostic important? As everything else developed by humans, reinforced concrete buildings are prone to mistakes that affect their safety, reliability, and ability to serve the intended purpose optimally. Most of such mistakes do not happen by design; but they do happen all the same. To counter the ensuing shortcomings and prevent catastrophes, structural diagnostics are essential. The common purpose of a diagnostic investigation is however to analyze and draw conclusions “about the cause of an observed behavior” (Krysander 16). To offer a clear understanding of the nature of reinforced concrete buildings, it is worth noting that concrete is made from the combination of cement, gravel, sand, and water. Once the four identified components are mixed, a chemical reaction that binds them into a solid mass occurs. The use of steel to reinforce concrete building was discovered in the 1850s when one William Wilkinson proposed a patent for using steel rods for the reinforcement of concrete structures (Brown 129). In an ideal situation, Wilkinson hypothesized that concrete’s compressive behavior would protect the steel from chemical and physical attacks hence preserving its tensile properties and thus preserving its potential as a reinforcing component. Notably however, not all buildings conform to the ideal situation hypothesized in (Brown 129). Specifically, it is worth noting that existing reinforced concrete buildings may be compromised right from the construction phase. This is in addition to the fact that the integrity the reinforced concrete buildings depreciate overtime due to exposure to different environments. To start with, it is worth noting that some structures have complex forensic engineering, rehabilitation and restoration challenges. To address such challenges, architects and other professionals in the construction industry rely on structural diagnostics as the main information-gathering tool. Based on information attained, the architects then customize solutions that address the individual challenges facing individual structures. As (Pepenar 1) notes for example, diagnostic investigation is a necessary tool in determining resistance, stability, and durability of concrete structures. Usually, diagnostic investigations enables the detection of damages, and this enables investigators to recommend intervention measures, which in turn serve to prevent human losses, material losses, undesirable ecological effects and technological accidents. Establishing the origin or cause of structural shortcomings or failures is also another reason why structural diagnostics are necessary. Knowing that microscopic defects are likely to occur in con
Introduction Self Determination Theory (SDT) describes human behavior with respect to compelling personalities (Brown 2007, p. 100). From the case study provided, various aspects of SDT are evident. Contextually, this theory tries to explain what motivates people to make critical life choices. This considers the driving force behind each choice made. Concurrently, the psychological needs of the people are also addressed in this theory. The theory explains why people grow and the causes of this growth. Every person has a motivation behind what he or she does; this is why knowledge of this theory is necessary to explain human behavior and how they react to different situations (Deci & Ryan 1985, p. 34). Motivation is the drive that one gets to do something; people get motivated by various things and for different reasons. There are two major types of motivation; Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Deci & Ryan 2004, p. 123). Intrinsic motivation- this motivation comes from within. The concerned person is driven by the passion he or she has for tasks. It is usually self-inspired. Extrinsic motivation- this type of motivation is influenced by external factors such as; an increase in the salary, job promotion, fame, money, and for socializing purposes. Main body Evidently, SDT is a motivational theory used to describe the psychological needs of people. There are three elements of this theory (Otto 2010, p. 188). These are; autonomy, competence feedback, and relatedness. Each component has a role to play in the development of the theory. Autonomy Rewarding people to boost their performance tends to decrease their intrinsic drive. This in turn lowers their autonomy. The person becomes more driven by external rewards; they become less interested in their intrinsic motivation. This may be necessary to enhance the performance of the workers, but it also destroys their passion and the zeal that they have. Removal of these external rewards may also make a person less motivated and thus may tend to do a shoddy job. Competence Evidently, giving positive compliments to people can greatly enhance their ability to perform and do work. These compliments enhance a person’s intrinsic motivation resulting in improved delivery in his or her performance. At the same length, negative compliments demoralize a person and make them less motivated. It is important to give the employees positive remarks on perfectly performed duties. This will boost their morale with a consequent increase in performance. Relatedness The need for relatedness is very important. Critically, this allows one to more connect with the work that they are doing. The employer should try and relate well to his subjects and try to listen to them. This guarantee viable workplace relation as indicated earlier. Additionally, it is important to understand all knowledgeable aspects as demonstrated earlier in the paper. Considerably, people who are working in a given area should do team building to enhance relationships they have with each other (Self-determination theory.org. 2006, p. 1). The theory also tries to explain how the human mind is different. People behave
Mentsiev and his colleagues analyzed the impact of digital technology on learners’ cognition, precisely the impact of digital media on learning languages. In their analysis, the authors started by clarifying that lately there are new class models characterized by modern teaching methods that emphasize the integration of digital technologies and the effective use of digital learning materials. Digital technologies provide unlimited sources of information, tools for learners’ independent inquiry and experimentation, and knowledge sharing. These modern class models point out to a constructivist approach known as inquiry-based education, which involves the active use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in class. The research concludes that there is a positive impact on students using the Internet and other ICT learning methods in learning languages, hinting that technology improves cognition. Teachers’ interests, skills at incorporating Internet resources in classroom tasks, and the availability of computers are the three fundamental factors influencing the successful use of ICT in teaching the English language. In addition, the authors emphasize the need for teachers to acquire relevant knowledge and skills to survive and impart the best of knowledge to the students. The article also briefly reviews other researchers’ works on the recent language and literacy learning theories to support their thesis. The theories discussed include con
The debate on the subject of moral judgement is continuous and cannot be easily resolved since there is no absolute standard of what is really moral and on what grounds people make moral judgements. The basis used to create a standard of morality differs with different individuals. Some people appeal to pragmatism of the solutions presented at a given moment as the basis of judgement while others appeal to religion as their sole instruction for morality. This essay takes a critical look at the views of David Hume and Immanuel Kant regarding the concept of moral judgement. First, we examine Kant’s moral philosophy. His basic idea is human autonomy (Fieser 284). One of the tasks of moral philosophy is to discover the binding principles of behaviour among humans. Kant argues that studying human anthropology only gives an idea of how people behave and fails to give the ideal behaviour that is expected (Fieser 284). Even with this shortcoming, people still make moral judgements. Fieser observes that Kant’s argument in a case such as “we ought to tell the truth” (285) is essentially similar to the scientific view that all changes ought to have a cause. The statement “we ought to tell the truth” is equated to a scientific view as it is based on reason and not an individual’s experience. Reason introduces an aspect of causality to noticeable objects thus explaining the change. It further institutes a facet of duty to a moral situation. Therefore, this duty breeds notions of ‘ought to’ and ‘ought not to’ in moral situations. Kant holds the view that concepts transcend facts experienced at any given moment. Therefore, obligations must not be based on the special properties of human nature or upon the consequences, but on the concept of reason. Kant’s view on the subject of morality is based on awareness of regulation of behaviour that is universal and necessary (Fieser 286). Universality and necessity, according to Kant’s arguments, are the fundamentals of judgement. Kant focuses on ‘goodness’ as a quality affecting actions and not as a rational aspect of behaviour. Kant’s moral philosophy centres on autonomy. He proposes one elementary principle of morality from which all individual moral duties emanate (the moral law). Kant argues that people give themselves moral laws as well as the general laws of nature. According to Kant, human beings ought to act according to principles that they wish should become universal laws (Fieser 289). Kant’s moral philosophy is not complete without looking at his idea of the categorical imperatives (Bowen 37). The categorical imperative considers the universality of moral law. It dispenses liberty and autonomy to a person’s will thereby affirming the absolute worth of each rational person (Fieser 289). According to Kant, people are moral and rational equals hence they ought to act according to the maxims that they wish to become universal laws. Due to rationality, humans create the same set of laws all over the world (Birsch 56). Kant gives a connotation that people are the end in themselves and not the means to an end (Birsch 56). The statement “act in s
Asian Tigers After the Second World War countries in East Asia experienced dramatic economic growth. The countries were described as having experienced a form of the economic miracle and acquired the name the ‘Asian tigers’. In the period between 1965 and 1990, East Asian countries experienced remarkable economic growth with an average of 4.6% growth per annum which was the highest in the world at the time. There was increased equality in national incomes and life expectancy rose from 56 years immediately after the war to 71 years in 1990. The exports from the region also increased to about 25.6% of total global exports. The statistics were impressive and the reasons causing accelerated growth have been the topic of numerous studies. The East Asian countries joined the group of nations referred to as the ‘newly industrializing countries’ (NICs). The East Asian countries had similar political systems at the time they began to experience economic prosperity. The countries were under authoritarian regimes and it has been theorized that this may have spurred the meteoric growth in the economies of the ‘Asian tigers’ (Ikeo 111) The countries referred to as ‘Asian tigers’ included Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The governments of the countries at the time were autocratic or military. An authoritarian system of government was not the only thing that was similar in East Asian countries. The East Asian countries had other similar characteristics that qualified them as NICs, with one of them being the growth in absolute levels of industrial employment and the share of industrial employment in total employment levels. Another characteristic is that the countries manufacturing industries experienced a rise in the share of global exports. The NICs also managed to reduce the economic gap between them and industrialized countries due to the growth in real per capita gross domestic product. These attributes contributed to the fast-paced growth in the economies of the Asian tigers (Michael, Kelly and Connors 200) Political systems usually affect the economy, be it directly or indirectly. Liberals hold the view that politics should not interfere with economic markets and should only provide the infrastructural framework. Realists differ and propose that politics and economic markets are interrelated and should not be separated while radicals hold the view that politics is used to influence economies for the benefit of the elitist ruling class in politics. The authoritarian governments in the Asian countries were involved in the economy and contributed to the unprecedented successes in economic growth. The states managed to increase exports by imposing protectionist laws and even distorted market prices to generate trade and investments. The growth in the economies of the NICs was also attributed to the willingness by the political class to