ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the outstanding events of the twentieth century. For the first time in the history of the world, it brought about a government of the workers — a workers’ state. The theoretical base for Soviet Revolution had been given by VS. Lenin, an outstanding leader of men, a revolutionary, an orator and a prolific writer. He had adapted many Marxian values and in fact the foundations of the U.S.S.R. were referred to as based on Marxism-Leninism. The international perspective of the socialist cause was rudely removed by Joseph Stalin who came to power after Lenin had passed away in 1924. Many of the ideas of Stalin like “Socialism in one country” ran counter to Marxism and Leninism. Those who opposed the changes in Marxism-Leninism were hounded out as happened to the fate of Leon Trotsky and his followers. Stalin’s bureaucratic and authoritarian rule was presented as the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’ envisaged by Marx and elaborated by Lenin and Trotsky. Be that as it may, in this brief essay we shall summarize the important concepts stressed by Lenin in his State and the Revolution. Origin of the State Modern states derive their influence from a number of ideas. There is, of course, a long-standing tradition of Greco-Roman political thinking from the days of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. However, during the Middle Ages, the whole of Europe had, by and large, monarchies and the rulers claimed the divine right to rule. The Church for its own survival had supported this notion and had gained great political influence as well. The voyages of discovery, Renaissance and Reformation had brought about vast changes in the thinking of men. The British had evolved their constitution and by the beginning of the 18 th century had placed the monarchy under the control of people and treated the aristocracy on equal terms. But that was because of the peculiarity in England where the first son of the Aristocrats alone inherited the title and properties while other sons were considered commoners. In the rest of the Europe class divisions were marked. The King, the nobility (both spiritual and temporal) and the common people formed the three divisions in the society. The French Revolution was the turning point in the history of mankind because it proclaimed the message of Equality, Liberty and Fraternity. Experiments in conducting the government by drawing up constitutions came about. The theory of divine right to rule began to gradually give way to people’s consent. Karl Marx had perceived the then state as comprising essentially irreconcilable elements and after extensive research came to the conclusion that only a classless society would put to an end to the exploitation of the working class. The growth of industrialization and capitalist order had provoked many socialists to clamor for humane treatment of fellow beings, laborers and agriculturists. Contents in ‘the Revolution” The first chapter is the most important one in this work because it provides the groundwork for a new stat
Introduction The film Lola is part of Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s BRD Trilogy. It is the second in the said trilogy with The Marriage of Maria Braun being the first and Veronika Voss the last. The story is about corruption. Ten years after the World War 2 in West Germany in the city of Coburg we find a local building contractor named Schuckert enjoying the benefits of the town’s building contracts through bribes. The man has been involved in shady businesses for quite some time now but he is threatened by the arrival of the city’s new building commissioner, Von Bohm. Von Bohm as Schuckert would describe is a high minded modern man with old-fashioned principles. Schuckert is afraid that his business will be endangered by Von Bohm. Meanwhile a single mother singer/ prostitute by the name of Lola is Schuckert’s personal whore. She became intrigued with Von Bohm. She became very curious of the man because she had heard many saying Von Bohm was different from other corrupt people in the said area. Von Bohm was described by many as someone with high principles. Von Bohm on the other hand planed to gradually change the system and by slowly eliminating the corrupt group of people. This group included Schuckert but his plans did not pushed through when he fell in love with Lola. He was sucked in to the world of corruption when he married the single mother, giving her the control of decision making. At the end of the movie we see Lola and Schuckert going to bed after the former got married to Von Bohm. This paper aims to provide a critical film review of Fassbinder’s second BRB Trilogy, Lola. Its objective is to present an analysis of the film in terms of its interpretation of the corruptions after the World War 2 and its portrayal of West Germany’s Economic Miracle. An analysis in terms of the films technical aspect such as mise en scenes, performance of the actors and the editing of the film will be a central topic of the said paper. BRB Trilogy The BRB Trilogy is the masterpiece of German director Rainer Werner Fassbinder. It is composed of The Marriage of Maria Braun, Lola and Veronika Voss. The tile of the trilogy, BRB, is an acronym which stands for Bundersrepublik Deutschlang which is the official name of West Germany (Grisham). Though the three films are in no order related to each other in terms of narratives, they are all connected via a central theme which is the wealthy and the corrupts in post- World War 2 West Germany. The first film, The Marriage of Maria Brauna, tells the story of Maria Brauna. Maria had a rush marriage with a man before he was sent to war to battle the advancing of the Allies. Maria was told that her husband had died in the war. After hearing such devastating news she became the lover of an African-American soldier. Unexpectedly her husband return
In an essay entitled “The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues”, in Honest Work, Peter Singer asserts that human decision-making must include a consideration of the welfare of nonhuman organisms if we are to claim moral consistency, and he compares our habitual heedlessness towards animal pain to the attitudes of slaveholders. Peter Singer has popularized the term speciesism to describe this anthropocentric blind spot. In situations both large-scale and small, from the location of a building project or the wholesale extermination of pests, to the daily consumption of meat for our pleasure, he notes that we ignore the pain and damage we cause to individuals and populations of nonhumans. He makes a case that such prejudice is equivalent to racism and that our use and abuse of animals for food, and for other purposes and in other circumstances is morally equivalent to slavery. Singer begins by reminding us that, although much human environmental destruction bites us in our human posterior, our nonhuman neighbors get it in the neck. He calls us to reflect on our prerogative to limit our decision-making to issues directly affecting us. This ignores the damage to individuals and populations of other organisms. For example, in the example of a habitat-destroying construction project, in contemplating whether and how to move proceed, should we weigh the homelessness and deracination of the animals qua animals, or merely the loss of hunting/fishing revenue? He goes on to assert that our obliviousness to animal suffering, albeit ancient, is without logic, and immoral. He points out that believing that a hurtful action’s moral implications can be inferred from the species of the victim is exactly parallel to slave-owners’ stance towards the importance of suffering by enslaved Africans. Singer then clarifies the subtle point that giving equal weight to the interests of two individuals or groups is different from saying that they are equal. In specifying what he means by interests (he cautiously avoids rights ) requiring evaluation, he limits the field to organisms that can subjectively experience pleasure/pain. There may be scientific suggestions of botanical potential for pain sensations (and he acknowledges this), but his definition is a clear enough delineation for the current state of human knowledge. If it clearly feels pain, then its pain has significance. Singer also acknowledges that we may assess two different lives with different values. He also admits the inad
Credentialism can be regarded as a way of evaluating a person’s skills and abilities based on his or her academic qualifications. As Brent and Lewis put it, credentialism implies “the tendency to overemphasize the receipt of a diploma or academic degree rather than a particular skill or experience” (520). The given concept is widely applicable to the present-day context of employment in many societies, especially the advanced ones. Many employers tend to view the presence of a particular educational certificate or a diploma in candidates’ portfolio/resume as a guarantee that they are knowledgeable and competent enough to perform professional duties. When such an assumption is widespread among community members, it means the society is credential. The United States is a highly credential society. Nowadays, the significance of academic achievement is emphasized and is regarded almost as a synonym of professional success. According to recent statistical data, since 2000, the number of public college enrollees has grown from 11,75 million to 15 million by 2017 (“U.S. College Enrollment Statistics”). Partially, this drastic increase in numbers may be associated with a ubiquitous aspiration to get higher degrees as they promise greater income and better quality of life. It signifies that a high school degree does not mean much in the modern society even if you perform exceptionally well in all of the attended classes. It will be valid to presume that the demand for a more advanced and a specialized knowledge grows proportionally with the prestige and importance of post-industrial professional spheres, research, and technologies. Even though it can be easy to provide a rationale for credentialism in the United States, it is impossible to ignore its possible negative implications. The first thing that comes to mind is that a lot of talented people may be unable to pursue academic development on the secondary level due to social-economic disadvantages. As a result, it will likely be very hard for them to get a well-paid job consistent with their innate abilities. It will also be difficult for them to grow professionally if employers do not provide them with an opportunity to learn through experience. Secondly, as Macionis and Plummer note, credentialism promotes over-education, which means that employees get too much education than it is actually needed to perform their jobs adequately (534). Moreover, it is observed that while the amount of highly educated people grows, the number of jobs allowing to apply all their knowledge in practice becomes insufficient (Macionis and Plummer 534). At the same time, much more vacancies requiring lower-rank skills remain open. The increasing emphasis on grades associated with credentialism rather th
Data collection used to determine how to improve the conditions within a specific setting is very important. In the community health care setting, the use of real-life experience with patients and supervision of a preceptor, as the case manager, will apply. The data from treating the members of this community is to apply to assess the needs of the health sector. This will include; assessing the current information using the patient data in the emergency room and applying the data to improve the health sectors. One chief function of caregivers is to help prevent disease, and intervention methods should be focused on prevention and not treatment. This paper describes how a practicum agency can use assessment data to improve health conditions. The need assessment data includes data on the record of diseases report, preparedness of the health facility, and measures of prevention by the community. This data should help identify the most common illness, improve the readiness within the health facility, and increase disease prevention in the community. However, patients’ needs vary from each other. A good example is a patient who comes to the emergency room with asthma and expects their condition to be maintained and provided with drugs that will help stabilize (Stefaniak et al., 2018). This differs from a patient with malaria who will be treated and taught prevention measures after that. Individual patient assessment desires differ from the community’s wants. The data on health needs include patient illness with specific diseases and the patients’ progress. To prioritize the health needs of patients, it may be essential to have information on patients’ behavior, environment, and genetic predisposition. A good example is the asthma patient; the environmental conditions of the patient should be taken into consideration to avoid subsequent attacks (Iriarte‐Roteta et al., 2020). Another example is a diabetic patient would benefit from data on lifestyle as their condition can easily be managed through their lifestyle. The data from the practicum can establish a support program, increase screening facilities, and offer health education to the patients. The support program helps patients suffering from addiction, makes them feel accepted by the community, and helps them overcome their habits. Screening facilities allow for early detection and management of disease at a primary or early secondary stage (Gillies & Schabath, 2020). Moreover, health education benefits the entire commu
Introduction After recent damaging events, Egypt has been trying to become economically attractive and attract investment once again. It adopted an internationalistic approach, seeking financial aid from other countries. The reforms have been successful, improving the market’s attractiveness to various businesses. As such, investment has come in, and Egypt is currently on a path to recovery with the assistance of other nations. Nevertheless, the effects of the political and economic instability from several years ago remain prominent, and further support is necessary before the country can be considered safe for foreign companies to operate. Businesses should investigate the area in detail before they determine whether Egypt is suitable for their purposes. This report presents an analysis of the country’s political, economic, connective, and risk environments to help the TATA Motors company determine whether it should invest locally. Egypt and Internationalism Egypt has depended on the help of foreign nations to recover faster and to do so, it has had to accommodate the needs of these countries. According to Key Messages of Egypt VNR 2018 (2018), the country has been conducting economic and social reforms as well as infrastructure updates. The World Bank in Egypt (2019) describes its Country Partnership Framework that requires the elimination of extreme poverty and the sharing of prosperity. Key Questions on Egypt (2019) highlights how the International Monetary Fund is providing financial aid to Egypt to improve various aspects of the economy. By 2019, most of the significant changes have been completed, though the overall process is still ongoing (Arab News 2019). However, the changes have not been entirely successful in addressing Egypt’s issues in spite of the aid that they brought. Egypt’s reforms consist of short-term reductions in spending for the sake of long-term growth and stability, qualities valued by investors. According to Al-Youm (2019), the changes began with the floatation of the pound as required by the IMF in 2016 alongside general public enterprise changes and energy subsidy removal. Egypt – Trade Agreements (2019) describes Egypt’s various deals with other African countries as well as the EU that help facilitate its economy. As a result, Egypt: the economy is gathering strength (2017) notes that the country’s economy is growing as the government ensures that the poor are protected. Annor (2019) highlights that people’s lives have not improved noticeably yet, but new employment opportunities should arrive soon. However, Egypt’s population may not be content to wait until the reforms are complete, especially if its perception of the situation does not match the news coverage. Throughout the current government’s term, local activists and reporters have noted its practices, particularly those opposed to human rights. Egypt events of 2016 (2017) highlight the state’s suppression of dis
Introduction Film like all other forms of art employs the usage of different elements of narrative to tell a particular story. No two film plots are exactly the same and each director has his/her own way of ensuring that each piece of work he/she is involved in has unique features that link the final product to him/her. This essay seeks to analyze the narrative structure of the film Transporter 3. To this end, a summary of the film story shall be provided and then a well detailed analysis of the structure will follow citing adequate examples of from the film. Summary of the plot In order to understand the narrative structure of a given film, it is of paramount importance that a clear understanding of the plot be made. In summary, Transporter 3 film is the third installment of the Transporter series in which the services of the lead character Frank Martin are enlisted to transport certain items/people from one corner of the world to another. For this last part of the sequel, Frank is kidnapped by an assassin named Johnson and required to transport a certain young girl, Valentina from Marseille to Budapest. He is also to deliver a certain package at the said location and he is made to believe that the package is the primary item he is to deliver. Frank and Valenina are handed bracelets laden with explosives and they are set to go off should they veer off from the car. In a slightly different development some Russian agents have been sent to kill Frank before he can complete his mission. Since Johnson and his men are constantly tracking Frank via GPS, it becomes impossible for the latter to change the course of the journey. Against all odds, though, Frank manages to overcome the challenges that come his way and manages to deliver the girl in Budapest but not before having a romantic session with her. Narrative structure The action film Transporter 3 follows the three act narrative structure. This basically means that it has a setup that introduces the viewer to a given element of conflict before a resolution is arrived at. In this particular film, Frank is forced to transport a certain package alongside a young girl (Valentina) who happens to be the daughter of head of the Environmental Protection Agency for Ukraine, Leonid Vasilev. This is the setup part of the narrative where we are introduced to the element of contention that will result in conflict much later in the film. As the scenes unfold, it becomes clear that Frank had been tricked and that Valentina is the actual “package” that he is supposed to deliver. Part of the setup aspect is the revelation that Frank and Valentina have been tagged with distance triggered explosives which prevent either of the two from going more than 75 meters from the car. This helps the view understand why the two have to contend with each other even though there is initial tension between them. The conflict aspect of the narrative comes in when Frank has to constantly battle the individuals who hired him to deliver the “pac
Why English men preferred the constitution to protect their private property? It was necessary to protect private properties since there was a probability of the government confiscating land and other objects without due process of law. British settlers had already developed land and acquired private property that required compensation upon confiscation by the government. In this regard, private property was considered a civil right and liberty by the constitution (Storing, 2008). In addition, the government was mandated by the constitution to protect individual rights with the inclusion of properties. Moreover, the constitution was to perceive private property as a source of freedom. The Founding Fathers envisioned that protection of private property was critical in enforcing the law and public justice, as well as prevent anarchy and tyranny. Through the constitution, duties, and rights are attached to private property. In this regard, the constitution seeks to ensure that value is created from private property. For example, owners of private property can pay taxes and subject the same to productive activities like farming in the case of land. The Founding Fathers were sensitive to the fact that private property was instrumental in the civilization of the United States. Moreover, property owners acquired the leverage to confront a corrupt government using property and its value. Following the declaration of independence, there were fears that the British would lose their private properties, especially after King George was referred to as a tyrant. England had already lost its colonies in North America. The Founding Fathers dismissed the British and requested immediate independence of the states. At this moment, the British knew they had lost in the American Revolution, and the need to salvage their properties was critical. In addition, the violation of British natural rights was about to be disregarded following the independence of the United States. At this point, the English men were anti-federalists, and their support of the constitution was critical. Therefore, the need for the fourth amendment was constituted to ensure the British were protected from illegal searches and seizures of their