ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction When conducting research, researchers normally use different methods of accumulating the data required for analysis. One of the commonly used methods of data collection is survey. Survey generally entails the process of gathering quantitative information concerning the particulars of a population. In most instances, the population is normally too large to have a survey conducted on the total items in the population (Stat Pac, 2011, p.1). Therefore, researchers normally opt using a sample survey to collect data and make inferences of the whole population based on it. A sample survey is therefore the survey conducted on the selected items of the total population. Sample surveys are in fact the preferred method of data collection because they are reliable as well as time and cost saving. By choosing sample survey as the method to collect and analyze data on the cultural values of the organization, Superb Consultants have made the right choice. Through the sample survey, Superb Consultants will be able to interview part of the employee population to gather information on the cultural values of the organization. However, their proposal of having the size of the sample size small is bound to bring a lot of controversy. This is because small sample surveys have both advantages and limitations. Advantages of small sample survey Having the size of the sample survey small has the following benefits. For one, the time taken to conduct the survey will be reduced. In this, the survey will be completed in the shortest time possible thus allowing time for analysis. Secondly, the cost of the research will be minimized (Math zone, 2011, p.1). The process of conducting surveys is normally expensive due to the materials required such as stationary and other data collection materials depending on the type of survey. In addition, a small sample survey will require less enumerators as well as a smaller team of supervisors thus cutting down on the cost. Limits of a small sample survey Despite the fact that the sample survey is representative of the total populatio
Introduction The Philips MammoDiagnost was a creation of the Philips Medical Systems, and it was brought out in the year 2004. The creator of this system is a part of the Royal Philips. The system has numerous features that are geared towards the increase of mammography safety for both patients and staff. These include features of protection from radiation, measures for ensuring quality assurance, features for safeguarding electromechanical features, and a suitable ergonomic design. The system is designed for safety, reliability and consistency in order to market itself by these qualities (Philips Medical Systems, 2004, 1). It is interesting to note that the people marketing this product have another additional catchphrase for marketing the product: “Rise to the challenge.” The equipment that is used for specialized X-ray imaging requires radiographers who are highly skilled, and who have the competence to ensure that the procedures of medical imaging are carried out in a safe manner. To utilize the technology used by this product in a pragmatic way, one needs to be aware of the protocols that are used in safely operating this product. The protocol or safe-operation process needs to be written down by the managing radiographer in a manual for safe operation of the machine. This manual will therefore act as the key document for mammography setting. The manual must also be designed in a user-friendly way to act as a guide to staff for medical imaging that may not be familiar with the system. The manual will also include information on how the machine will be able to adhere to the ALARA principle, i.e. the principle of as low as possible. In order o report on the professional and safe use of the Philips MammoDiagnost, there is need to address four areas. These include protection from radiation and the safeguarding of electromechanical safety. The latter involves creating awareness among staff about the electrical cables in the machine, and the currents flowing through the cables, which will maximize clinical utilization. It will also make the process of carrying out scans safe and effective, thereby minimizing the necessity of repeat scans. The fourth area to be addressed is the design of a reliable and holistic Quality Assurance program that is designed to be carried out periodically as long as the mammography system operates. Safe Operation Details Measures for radiation protection Radiation protection is perhaps the most vital aspect of radiography, and therefore the need to have a manual for safe operation. The Philips MammoDiagnost, produces superior images and therefore when it is used, repeat scans are rare. This means that patients are exposed to the least amount of radiation possible (Philips Medical Systems, 2004). In mammography, “patient” is used to refer to two possible groups of women. The first group of women is those who have been prescribed to take breast mammographic x-ray examinations. The second group of women is the one that include wom
The famous American sociologist Charles Wright Mills believed that in order to understand certain sociocultural realities and people’s attitudes towards them and their behavior, it is necessary for a sociologist to situate themselves in a social reality of others, “to realize the classic values that underlie the promise of our studies” (Mills 194). Mills states that we should adopt sociological imagination by viewing things from the perspective of society rather than individuals. By doing so, it is crucial not only to report what they felt the reality is but rather to be an intellectual thinker and report back what the reality is. According to Mills, the significant component of sociological imagination theory is social life features that can influence individuals’ values, behavior, and character of individuals who make up that particular society (Mills). Therefore, sociology needs to play an essential role in bringing reason to bear on human affairs (“C. Wright Mills – The Sociological Imagination” 2:02). By fulfilling this role, an intelligent scientist is the one who concentrates on the social nature of humankind, seeks what significant, and stays critical of the “bureaucratization of reason and of discourse” (Mills 192). Social imagination is a quality of mind, which allows one to understand social structures and human behavior by staying intellectual and unbiased. Thus, sociological imagination means the ability of researchers to distract from their everyday experiences, the ability to see behind the abstract concepts of specific people with their interests and values and to grasp the meaning of the functioning of a society in its historical development. It is the ability to understand ways of life and organization that are different from those in which the researcher lives. In other words, intelligent scientists should be able to put themselves into the public world to experience what other people experience and see reality in the most precise terms. Works Cited Mills, C. Wright. The sociological imagination . Oxford University Press, 2000. “ C. Wright Mills – The Sociological Imagination. ” YouTube, uploaded by Debra Marshall. 2012. Web.
In the twentieth century, the view of music by the Roman Catholic Church was defined in two statements: the first of them, motu proprio of 1903, proclaimed return to Gregorian chant, restoration of unaccompanied polyphonic singing, and composition of contemporary music for liturgy (Wilson-Dickson 1992, 214). Thus, a more professional approach was taken to composing and performing church music — which in its turn, brought forward the necessity for educating and training the priesthood in church music. The tendency to restoring the medieval Christian music found a major response among French organists and composers who formed a whole tradition or improvising and composing church liturgy in the twentieth century. Among the organists and composers who relied heavily on the tradition of Gregorian chant were Louis Vierne, Charles Marie Vidor, Charles Tounemire, Jean Alain, Marcel Dupre, and Jean Langlais. But the most outstanding is the figure of Olivier Messiaen whose creative work features a broadest range of Christian content and ideas realized by means of innovatory treatment of scale and rhythm. The distinguishing feature of Messiaen’s music is that it incorporates not only the legacy of Gregorian chant but also the sounds of contemporary Western music with those of the nature and of the East (Wilson-Dickson 1992, 216). His music of immense complexity represents a careful balance of medieval symbols and oriental traditions weighted in a simultaneousness of diversities. After the decline of professional music for liturgy in the nineteenth century, the twentieth century witnessed a spiritual revival in professional art to which the church hardly related. The dramatic events of the two world wars inspired composers to seek a special spirituality in music. The genre of oratorio was restored to a new glory, and the word of Bible was brought to concert halls. The leading composers who created large-scale oratorios reflecting the central themes of Christianity were Arthur Honegger, Frank Martin, Igor Stravinsky, and Benjamin Britten. In their works, the nature of concert music was reassessed: appealing rather to the spiritual than to the emotional domain of human beings, concert music was called to satisfy “humanity’s deep need for spiritual understanding” (Wilson-Dickson 1992, 222). New content demanded new form, and the music of the time broke up with the traditional functional harmony and demonstrated a tendency to minimalism of expressive means. This allowed to concentrate more on the “purity of sound, perfection of tuning, and exquisite blend” — the qualities that turned music performances into spiritual experiences (Wilson-Dickson 1992, 222). The second Roman Catholic Church statement on the role of music, the 1963 Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy , brought about too rapid a change that resulted in nothing more than a crisis. Accentuating the necessity for the congregation’s active participation in the liturgy led to dramatic changes. Those involved abandonment of Latin and consequential loss of most chant and polyphony repertoire; antiartistic feeling brought about by the plain unison of the congregation instead of
Nokia, Seen In Isolation, Is Strategically Cashing Its History This case talks about the world-renowned, Finnish-originated company, Nokia, which boosts its tagline “Connecting people”. This tagline contains within itself the true essence of what Nokia has always strived to do with its products. Since being the producer of mere hardware components was not going to connect people in a truly interactive and engaging way, Nokia started specializing in providing services, which would connect people in real time, in ways other than talking to each other on the cell phone. Some of these ways are multi player game services and swapping personal content like music, audio, video, pictures etc. Other ways of providing that complete personal experience to any buyer of a Nokia handset are the introduction of services like the Nokia Map, which directs and gives complete directions to users of a particular place and online music stores which help users have their favorite ringtones. The top management of Nokia has already decided that making devices is not enough for the type of audience that they cater to. The 21st century is moving at such a fast pace that any company needs to adapt to the changing and new emerging demands of its customers competitively and think proactively as compared to being reactive. Therefore, Nokia very well has used this theory and tried to bring out new ways in which it can make the best use of the advantages it already has by being in the mobile phone market for several years, by being the mobile phone provider to millions of cell phone users, and the huge clientele base it has of the various mobile phone operators. Nokia, a Tough Competitor for Mobile Phone Operators and Online Major Groups The efforts that Nokia is making in securing its future, by continuously innovating not just its products market, but also the services market, is indirectly hampering the market and revenues for many other companies and industries. One such industry is that of the mobile opera
There would be a vast amount of truth in the statement that every single character in the book, Revolutionary Road¸ is constantly trying to master the art of playing out characters they wish they could be. Theatricality is internalised in the lives of these characters, making them virtually cardboard-thin. Richard Yates has used a vast amount of literary imagery to juxtapose their lives as they appear with what each character really is. There is a constant effort on the part of every character to present a façade that is what they would like other people to see, believe and appreciate. Most of the characters: April and Frank Wheeler, Mrs. Givings, the Wheeler neighbors and friends, would be glad if their lives had a little more zing and excitement. Most of them seem to be caught in a kind of a time warp that causes them to be pale imitations of what their dreams demand. It is this inadequacy that has been portrayed with finesse in the book. In the case of the suburban American, there is a palpable kind of tug-of-war, a troubled air that is reminiscent of the political relations that existed between the (then) superpowers. This is a post-World War syndrome which seems to draw everybody into a vortex of pretense, both in the personal as well as their professional lives. Hitherto, the rules for living were fairly simple: gender roles were clearly defined and every emotion and course of action had its own established time and place, with little chance of deviation. It is into this secure milieu that Yates introduces his characters, moving them through the pangs of having to change with the times. How they emerge at the end of the journey is what forms the narrative. April Wheeler is the quintessential 50’s woman eager to be a good wife and mother as per the accepted social code of conduct… or is she? There is a latent desire to break free and be an actor, a role she always aspired for. What characterises her behavior is this constant drama that she puts up for all those she comes into contact with. She yearns for a time “to go out and do something that’s absolutely crazy and marvellous,” an event that will make her “sparkle all over” (Yates, 8). When the story unfolds, she is on stage trying to perform in a play along with a group of similar minded young men and women who would like to make drastic changes in their otherwise monotonous lives. She has spent the better part of her life trying to find the right balance between her present existence and what she would like to be, all the time coping with a husband who is also wearing a mask to hide his actual self. Now, she is totally dejected to find that she is a failure even in the one thing she aspired to do well – acting. “She had begun to alternate between false theatrical gestures and a white-knuckled immobility; she was carrying her shoulders high and square, and despite her heavy make-up you could see the warmth of humiliation rising in her face and neck” (Yates, 13). I
In what ways did Iowa play a unique role in welcoming refugees in the past? What surprises you about Governor Robert D Ray? How does this welcoming legacy continue today? Iowa played a unique role in the reception of Vietnamese refugees in that it was the only state to actively offer asylum to these people (McCarthy, 2015). In many cases, other states either refused to provide accommodation or did so reluctantly. Governor Robert D. Ray’s position was bold and unique, as he did not lose any votes from such a generous offer (McCarthy, 2015). Instead, the refugees integrated into the Iowan communities and contributed to its economy. Nowadays, the hospitality of Iowans is still there, though not quite as prominently. What valuable roles do refugees play in our economy (see Storm Lake article in particular)? Refugees play an important part in the economic life of the Iowan community. In the 21st century, the American economy has to compete with enterprises across the world. Fierce competition and tapping into foreign labor markets drives wages down. Migrants keep the enterprises of Storm Lake competitive by working harder than locals, for less money (Cohen, 2017). Although such a situation upsets some people, the majority realizes that migrants did not drive the wages down; it was the destruction of unions and the mass exodus of enterprises to countries abroad (Cohen, 2017). How has the welcoming legacy changed (according to the author)? What kinds of barriers to integration exist for refugees in Iowa today? What is at the root of this change? The welcoming legacy changed due to government action rather than people being less welcoming of new faces trying to make a living. The lack of government support is the primary barrier, as was shown in the case with Burmese migrants in 2007 (McCarthy, 2015). Social services have been transformed and underfunded, making it that refugees can no longer integrate into the community as seamlessly as they did before. Without support for languages, social security, employment, and medical care, migrants feel ostracized and vulnerable in a new country (McCarthy, 2015). Do you agree that Iowans have a welcoming spirit and sense of openness to newcomers such as refugees? Why or why not? I recognize that there is no easy answer to this question– you might even see both sides! In order to avoid generalizations, refer to news stories online (include link) or to personal experiences. The issue of hospitality towards refugees is a complicated matter for the state of Iowa. On the one hand, its people have always been compassionate towards people in need and willing to lend a hand, just as they did in the case with the Vietnamese refugees in 1979 and the Burmese refugees in 2007. However, kindness and compassion are often at odds with personal benefit and self-preservation, which always comes to play once large foreign communities try integrating into a new society. McCarthy (2015) noticed that the amount of resources available to th
Nowadays more and more students interact with the digital content for learning so that the concept of the digital citizenship is becoming one of the most relevant issues. Digital citizens have the same rights and responsibilities as ordinary citizens of the country including the right to study at university, to acquire real estate, or to learn. In this connection, the paper is devoted to the proposal of the digital citizenship necessity and its safe implementation including such integral aspects as digital literacy, etiquette, tolerance to other digital citizens, appropriate referencing, and others and resulting in the design of the methodology for the prospective study, the aim of which is to examine the level of the digital citizenship competence among students. Digital Citizenship Definition The digital citizenship, also known as the e-citizenship, involves regular access to networks and their effective use that require several conditions such as the presence of access to the Internet, the availability of computers or gadgets, the ability to use technology properly, and, last but not least, the critical thinking skills to evaluate the reliability of information that can be found online. More precisely, the digital citizenship is a new developmental stage of the society and technology that is associated with the impact of digital and communication technologies (Searson, Hancock, Soheil, & Shepherd, 2015). The Internet becomes a factor of socialization and modernization of education changing the very paradigm of acquiring knowledge and skills. The variability of the digital education allows focusing on individual, group, and distance trajectories. Who
Human Space Flight The term ‘spaceflight’ refers to the use of space technology to facilitate the flight of spacecraft into and through outer space. When spaceflight carries human passengers, generally non-technical individuasl related to space science, it is termed human spaceflight. “ This distinguishes it from robotic space probes or remotely-controlled satellites ” (Belfiore 86). Human spaceflight is often called “manned spaceflight” although the usage of the term is disapproved by major space agencies. “ Presently, NASA and ESA use the term “human spaceflight” to refer to their programs of launching humans into space. The only three countries to possess independent human spaceflight capability are the Soviet Union/Russia, United States and China” (Connors 183-212). Privatization of Human Spaceflight “ On February 1 st , 2010, US President Barack Obama proposed that NASA be exempted from the business of launching astronauts into space ” (Lane 3-6). This proposal was based on the findings of the 2009 Augustine Commission , a group entrusted with the job of reviewing human spaceflight plans of the US (Lane 3-6). The Commission studied the 9-year-old Constellation Program , the human spaceflight program within NASA and found it to be totally inadequate to render possible the realization of any goals of human space exploration. Consequently, the President proposed the termination of the Constellation Program thus paving the way for privatization of the human spaceflight (Harris 207-227). Concept of Privatization of Human Spaceflight Privatization, in this context, signifies a considerable departure from the way NASA has handled the programs of launching astronauts into space. It signifies the development of newer opportunities for increased involvement of private industries in human spaceflight (Solomon 88). “ Moreover, it establishes the accountability of private industries for huma