ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
According to estimates provided by the united nation, the number of international migrants has increased from about 82 million to over 190 million from 1970 to 2005. During the same period global export’s volumes underwent a major expansion while the foreign direct investment, which is determined using the U.S dollar, received more than 100% growth in the 1970 level to 2000. Over the last decades, international migration has greatly attracted a lot of attention although there has been slow rate of expansion on how people move internationally (Borjas, 1989). Various attempts have been made in barricading borders and this has shown that the borders may not be dominant limiting factors in reducing international immigration expansion. Controlling irregular immigration has become a very hard task to handle, both locally and internationally. Each year many people worldwide leave their home countries with prospects of getting new jobs. Some are not looking for jobs but better working conditions and in some instances, they are propelled by insecurity and poverty to look for any work. Migration in search of labor is a major globalization feature and it creates a very big impact to the world economy (Boyd, 1989). In 2005, it was estimated that migrant workers every year send to their home countries about US$250 billion or US$160 billion with informal remittance in order to cater for their family’s and community’s needs. Such money also helps in boosting the economic prosperity and growth of the host countries. Currently a global consensus has been reached on how labor migration contributes to development and growth of both destination and home countries. However, barriers have been put in place to check movement between labor market demands and possible immigrations for foreign labor in the host nations. The global labor migration policies that fail to meet the needs of human rights can put a lot of pressure on individual immigrants as well as their societies (Ethier, 1986). Studies done have revealed that 10-15% of current migrations involve immigrants at irregular situations who enter or work in other countries without the necessary authorization. In such cases, individual who opt to use irregular immigration expose themselves to very high degrees of abuse of their human rights, forced labor and exploitation. Hence, the today’s global challenge lies in formulating mechanisms and policies of managing and regulating labor migration and ensuring that it creates a positive development in the host and home countries as well as the migrant’s wellbeing. In situations where migrants find themselves in risky conditions, I LO comes in to protect them and improve their working conditions (Friedberg, 1995). The body has been in operation since 1919.ILO is entrusted with the mandate of controlling the entire workers world as well as structuring rules that cover their competencies. In addition, it plays a central and crucial role in promoting effective use of policies that minimize risks and maximize benefits in work-based migration. There is need to develop and extend the already undertaken resea
Introduction Defining health as a state of being has always represented a source of confusion for a number of experts due to the lack of a coherent set of criteria for it. Despite being a rather easy to perceive the notion of health is nearly impossible to understand it without introducing the opposing notion of diseases or omitting certain aspects of well-being. Nevertheless, health can be defined as the state of having the functions of the organism running properly, the emotional responses being within the established norm, and the spiritual goals successfully being pursued. Definitions: Discussion When considering the traditional approaches to defining health, one should first mention the most commonly used one that suggests juxtaposing health to illness. The specified definition suggests in a rather blunt and self-explanatory manner that health is the absence of diseases or disorders in an individual (Rotter et al. 366). Although the suggested definition might seem as quite exhaustive, it still lacks the necessary depth. Namely, by defining health on the basis of the phenomena that it does not include does not allow shaping the idea of what health actually is. Rather, the proposed definition points to the notions that are not included into the concept of health, which does not provide the actual definition for the subject matter. Furthermore, identifying health as something that is contrary to being ill or unwell provides a rather unclear description since the state of being ill or unwell does not have clear boundaries with health, either. Specifically, when considering mental health issues, one will have to admit that the stat of normalcy ranges significantly in individuals (Rotter et al. 367). Similarly, thin physical conditions, diseases that remain dormant for years may prevent one from being classified as ill, yet it carrying the disease does not place an individual into the healthy category, either. Therefore, when defining health from a nursing perspective one should focus on providing clear criteria for the being healthy, as well as accurate descriptors of health. With the specified approach in mind, one will be able to suggest more sensible definitions of health, such as having all systems of the human body functioning properly (Lalani 440). The proposed definition is more clear since it offers an accurate descriptor and measurable criteria for determining health. At the same time, it is worth noting that health involves not only physical and mental capacities, but also the extent of emotional and spiritual well-being. For this reason, the definition of health can be worded as the state of the human body functions running, emotional responses being adequate, and spiritual needs being met (Lalani 440). The definition offered above seems to be the most reliable one since it covers a broad range of aspects of
Introduction Amazon is a leading electronic commerce company headquartered in Seattle, Washington (Gallaugher 119). The aim of this paper is to explore how business model and business strategy can be used for gaining a competitive advantage in the market. The overall structure of the paper takes the form of three sections. The first section of the paper will compare Amazon’s business model and business strategies to that of another tech giant—Apple. The second section will be concerned with the brand-building benefits of the use of data by the companies. The final section of the paper will analyze two-sided network effect of Amazon Marketplace and how it is used by the company to improve its competitive standing. The paper argues that the business model of the online retailer hinges on long-term investment and the development of technology, which is recognized as one of the main advantages of the company. It also highlights the importance of Amazon’s two-sided network effect in the company’s pursuit of the top position on the market. Business Model and Strategies Amazon Now an e-commerce giant, Amazon was not profitable during the first years after its establishment. Nevertheless, eventually, the company was able to become one of the major online retailers that provides their customers with thousands of items from categories that include, but are not limited to, consumer electronics, books, movies, groceries, beauty products, apparel, sporting goods, and toys. The company’s success was possible due to the business model the retailer chose. According to the founder, Jeff Bezos, it is more crucial to focus on long-term investments and developments rather than engage interventions that provide profit but are also short-term. Amazon’s founder expanded warehouse capacity and examined e-commerce operations. He also focused on developing one of the biggest cloud computing platforms. Furthermore, one of the best-sold types of e-readers was also introduced by Amazon (Kindle). As it can be seen, the company’s business model consisted of long-term investments and operatio
Introduction It is important to note that critical infrastructure is a set of functional units and organizations, which are essential for the proper function of an inhabited region or state. One of such branches of critical infrastructure is the emergency services sector, which plays a vital role in ensuring that many emergency situations are properly and promptly responded to under all conditions. The given analysis will primarily focus on providing key information about the role, need, and importance of the emergency service sector of critical infrastructure. The main emphasis will be put on the fact that the emergency service sector plays a vital role in critical infrastructure. Why Was the Emergency Service Sector Created? Prevention The core objective of emergency service units is to ensure that the vast majority of societal problems, such as crime or acute medical complication, is responded to with the intention of preventing the further worsening of the situation. The emergency services sector is comprised of “organizations and individuals, equipment and technology, deployed to save lives and property through prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts” (Bryan, 2017, para. 3). The preventative element in the emergency service sector is of paramount importance since such an approach is the most effective and least costly compared to other functional aspects. In other words, preliminary interventions are the most desired in terms of yielding the highest degree of positive outcomes. For example, preventing the occurrence of a crime, such as murder or theft, is more appealing than dealing with the consequences of such activities since only one entity is required to do so rather than involving other parties. Preparedness Another highly critical functional element of the emergency service sector is preparedness for potential threats and emergency situations. Being well-equipped and prepared for possible and sometimes inevitable emergencies can make a substantial difference in minimizing the amount of damage and negative outcome. The given sector is designed to be ready for dangerous occurrences with an emphasis on eliminating the source of these threats both promptly and timely as well as with minimal casualties. The factor of preparedness requires sustenance and maintenance of key structural elements for a response, which, in turn, need constant support with resources and the workforce. Therefore, a high degree of preparedness mandates the use of all instruments available to train the emergency services sector personnel during non-emergency situations, which also requires a significant level of investment. Response The response is the most critical part
Executive Summary Branding is indeed a very important aspect of marketing. A company that promotes its brand efficiently is bound to survive through the most difficult market conditions. This paper sets out to perform a market research of a brand experiencing a problem, and find solutions to the issue under investigation. To that end, Harley Davidson was chosen as the brand. Some of the causes of the brand’s decline included branding, mismanagement, brand neglect, failure to move with the target consumers and cost cutting. From the research findings, it was evident that the company is in need of a brand revitalization strategy. Because of this assessment, viable recommendations as to how best the company can achieve this aim have been discussed. If the recommendations provided herein are applied, Nokia will be on its path to becoming the iconic motorbike giant it used to be during the sixties. A brand’s inability to stay with its target market may lead to its decline. When a brand starts repositioning itself in order to appeal to a new audience, it stands the risk of losing its core clients. As a result, the customers may feel alienated and neglected in the process. This happened to the Nokia brand when it decided to manufacture Smart phones that were presumably of lower quality. They lost their loyal clients and the brand declined significantly. Rebranding strategies such as product differentiation and repackaging makes a brand more attractive to existing and potential consumers. Failure to rebrand may lead to a situation whereby consumers lose interest in a brand and look for new and different alternatives. Introduction Nokia’s market share worldwide have been on the decline in the past few years as the company struggles to match the competition. The phone giant is losing its popularity at a very high rate while competitors are very quick to fill in the gap the company leaves in the market (Reinhardt 2006). While struggling to maintain its market share in the expansive phones market, Nokia’s consumer preference is very low compared to other brands especially with the Smart phones as shown below (Dediu 2012). Therefore, product marketing with regard to the Nokia brand would be a vital step towards helping the company to regain its market influence. Product marketing for this brand would hence involve the seven Ps of marketing (Reinhardt 2006). The seven Ps denote Product, Pricing, Place, Promotion, Packaging, Positioning, and People (Reinhardt 2006). Product marketing is far much distinct compared to product management and the difference must be appreciated in this case. Thesis statement Developing and maintaining a brand is often a complex and costly issue whose outcome concerning the brand’s lifespan or destiny cannot be predetermined. However, with the application of marketing research and strategies, declin
In the article The persuasion knowledge model: How people cope with persuasion by Friestad & Wright which was published in The Journal of Consumer Research in 1994, the main emphasis is put upon the role of the individual’s persuasion knowledge in coping with the persuasion attempts. This article provides a valuable insight into the problem which has been ignored by the scholars previously, namely the tactics used by the consumers for evaluating the advertising information and creating certain attitudes to the products and marketers. The authors of the article present the Persuasion Knowledge Model (PKM) for establishing the links between personal persuasion awareness and responses to persuasion attempts. Recognizing the fact that persuasion knowledge is not a static parameter and is constantly changing, the researchers take into account various influential factors which can have an impact upon the construction of the consumers’ persuasion knowledge, including their cultural background, educational level, personal qualities. Treating marketers as agents and consumers as objects, the scholars did not limit their research domain to consumer behavior only but rather extended it to a broad psychological perspective. “The PKM also implies that targets, may interpret some feature of a persuasion attempt as an intentional tactic and respond to it accordingly, even though the agent (marketer or researcher) had not envisioned it as such” (Friestad & Wright 1994, p. 25). The article under consideration is valuable because the described model provides opportunities for not only further theoretical research but also practical implications of the findings in daily practice for motivating consumers to enhance their persuasion awareness and create proper attitudes for distinguishing between intentional persuasion attempts and occasional influences. Meyers-Levy & Malaviya discussed the mechanisms which can be used by the consumers for mediating persuasion in their article Consumers’ processing persuasive advertisements: An integrative framework of persuasion theories which was published in the Journal of Marketing in 1999. Consolidating the existing theoretical materials from the prior studies, the researcher constructed an integrative framework of studies, linking the choice of the strategy to the corresponding cognitive level employed by the consumer in every individual case. The researchers concluded that the process of judgment formation and the strategy used for retrieving and processing information are interdependent. Thus, the accessibility of advertising information is crucial for being perceived as relevant and diagnostic. On the other hand, the chosen processing strategy can affect the choice of criteria for assessing the diagnosticity parameter. The researchers determined the three strategies of information processing, including the systematic, heuristic and experiential strategies. Implementing a systematic strategy, recipients are interested in forming accurate views and not only have opportunities for processing the information in a proper way, but use these opportunities. Reci
Shakespeare’s theatrical performances are widespread all over the world and do not lose their relevance, both due to the problems raised by the playwright and the various interpretations of his works. One of such plays is the production of Macbeth directed by Bodinetz (2020) and created by the troupe of Digital Theater +. The performance is a creative product that reveals to the public the unique plots of the famous tragedy. According to qizi Gaffarova (2019), in his works, Shakespeare combined themes of love with other aspects of human life. About Macbeth, this symbiosis can be viewed from the perspective of love and greed for power, which fully reflects the presented era of the 11th century. The story presented on stage in front of an audience enhances the effect of perception and makes the mise-en-scene even more dynamic and vibrant. The struggle for social status and superiority over others is conveyed by Shakespeare in his manner, but when evaluating the concept of his work, one can apply the background of the tragedy to different social environments, including more modern ones. As an alternative concept, the relationship of colleagues in the office in the 1980s may be viewed in terms of Macbeth’s idea. This unique period marked the emergence of innovative breakthrough technologies. However, there were no means of virtual communication, making face-to-face chatting the key channel of interaction. An office environment is a place where many different people work close to one another. Nevertheless, ambitions, interests, career views, and other aspects of professional development and growth are distinctive. At the same time, nothing human is alien to these people, and almost every company has examples of friendship, love, conflicts, and other manifestations of close interpersonal interaction. Applied to Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the proposed environment may be similar in the principle of moving towards the desired goods. Some people behave unethically and are willing to go to great lengths to receive a specific position or other material benefits. Like the main character of the play himself, an office worker can overestimate one’s importance, and success can negatively affect self-esteem. Therefore, the office environment of the 1980s is a place that is potentially suitable for transforming Shakespeare’s plot into a more contemporary one. It is not difficult to recreate the 1980s office style on
Becoming a parent can be challenging since one needs to be fully prepared for everything: from risks during pregnancy to the tricky questions from children. Although it is essential to learn as much as possible about the child’s development and the difficulties of upbringing, it is equally crucial to know about prenatal development details. While some people believe that birth comes naturally and there is no need to unfold the delicate information of critical periods during pregnancy, labor, and infantry, it is, on the other hand, a general necessity. First, it is essential to note the critical periods of prenatal development, when the mother and the baby are the most vulnerable. The first period is between 4 to 8 weeks when the baby starts to develop its central nervous system, and it is the beginning of brain formation (Thewissen et al., 2021). For many parents, this is also the period when they are at a higher risk of having a miscarriage. The heart, upper limbs, eyes, lower limbs, and ears all start to develop around the same time, from 5 to 11 weeks (Thewissen et al., 2021). This is when the mother has to be extremely careful since, depending on the different variables, the risk of miscarriage can grow. Moreover, every future parent’s primary task is to keep in mind the list of teratogens that could have an impact on the fetus’s development. The first is alcohol and drugs, which are the leading preventable cause of mental disabilities in future children. Excessive drinking and substance abuse can lead to the spectrum of disorders in the fetus and sometimes can resume premature birth, stillbirth, and miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy (Braeken et al., 2016). Other teratogens can include exposure to pollution, radiation, and infectious diseases such as Covid-19. Therefore, mothers should be cautious in this tender period since every deed will have its consequence eventually. To minimize the prenatal risks, it is essential to follow several rules. First, future parents have to visit a healthcare professional regularly. It is not uncommon for medics to prescribe the vitamins for the pregnant, which is useful for child’s development and the mother’s health. Avoiding any harmful substance is equally essential since they can cause lots of defects in a fetus’ growth and cause a miscarriage or stillbirth (Braeken et al., 2016). Following a healthy lifestyle is preferable during pregnancy and also after it. The mother needs to eat more nutritious foods, do some sports, such as yoga for pregnant can aid a future moth