ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Different people from Britain established their colonies in America due to various reasons. The colonialists found Jamestown, where they later established settlements. The colonies were located in three different geographical areas. They were New England, Southern, and Middle colonies. The colonies had similarities and differences in terms of culture, religion, and economy. The colonialists had different reasons for settling in America, but the main reason was for economic empowerment. Based on this, the principal objective of this paper is to discuss the contrasting features of the three colonies by placing close focus on the geographic perspective of the colonies. One of the similarities of the three colonies is that the practiced democratic ruling; however, they run their democratic governments differently. The middle colonies used a governance platform that alienated the church from controlling the society. New England, on the other hand, used the teachings of the church to control the government. The government controlled the southern colonies only because the large plantations they owned enabled them to finance their expenses; hence, the southern colonies did not focus on the doctrines of the church (Keene, Saul, and Edward 220). The three colonies were established in different geographic locations. The New England covered four main geographic areas in America. Each of these had unique geographic features that differentiated them from each other (Keene, Cornell and O’Donnell 218). The three colonies had environmental differences. The New England colonies experienced a cooler climate compared to the other colonies because of its location in the far north of America. The region experienced severe winters that posed major challenges to the government because of the high death rates caused by the extreme weather conditions. The colonies had a rocky terrain with soils that did not favor crop farming. The people in the region had to depend on other economic activities like fish farming. The people in the New England colonies had a puritan form of religion (“Climate of the Three Colonies” par. 1). The southern colonies had a warm climate, and this made it a comfortable area for the colonialists. The climate negatively affected people’s lives because it facilitated the spread of diseases that killed many people. The colonies had a hilly geographic terrain, and large portions of the land were covered with forests. The coastal regions were plain that had fertile soil, thereby facilitating farming. The society in the colonies had religious freedom, and there was no particular religion that dominated the region (“Climate of the Three Colonies” par. 3). The climate and geographical terrain of the southern colonies were a combination of the features in the southern and New England colonies. As a result, they provided food to the other colonies because of the favorable climate, which facilitated crop farming. In addition, it was rich in resources, including rivers and ports. The ports enabled easy access to the Atlantic and back country. The social structure in the colonies was clearly highlighted through social-economic boundaries
Sometimes, employees of different organizations are obliged to face the problem of workplace fairness and justice. Such an issue might be influenced by a plethora of factors. One of them is numerical framing that is usually wrong interpreted by workers. The following paper will discuss the problem of workplace fairness and justice in various contexts and examples. The development of systems supporting positive perceptions of workplace justice According to Moon (2017), the performance and productivity rate of some employees is dependent on their informational, procedural, interpersonal, and distributive justice climates. The hypothesis of the scholar’s article says that these factors might have both positive and negative effects. Basing on the study by Kwong and Wong (2012), it is clear that numerical framing might have a significant influence on the justice climate among the members of the group mentioned above. For instance, employees may perceive and understand such data as the rate of their productivity and impact on their company’s profit negatively if they see the low percentage (Barua & Mani, 2014). However, it is essential to remember that even if the presented number is low at the moment, it has to be compared with the previous period’s index, which might be even lower. In order to make the workers’ perception positive, it is essential to present all the data from its best side. For instance, if people think that their company does not sell thirteen percent of the produced materials, it would be proper to say that the organization realizes approximately eighty-seven percent of its products (Shaw, 2014). Such an approach might influence people’s set of mind and make them think positively. In turn, their mood will have a positive impact on the quality of produced materials, which may increase the sales rate even more. Levi Strauss’s decision to close its South Zarzamora Street plant The advantages of closing Levi’s garment factory in South Zarzamora Street implied lowering the workers’ wages as citizens of other countries required approximately six dollars per day, whereas American residents needed to be paid the same price an hour. However, there were some negative outcomes of the USA plant closing (Hsieh, 2017). The clothing firm was obliged to pay approximately half a million dollars to employ people who were left without workplaces because of the closed factory. Also, Levi Strauss’s sales significantly dropped due to multiple public protests. Moreover, consumers knew this strategy of the jeans manufacturer and avoided buying its production because of their moral principles. A sound business decision in the given case was to employ all the former workers of the Levi Strauss Company. This move gave the firm additional credit form the U.S. citizens. Indeed, it w
Abstract The growth of international trade started gradually way back in the 19 th century mainly through regional trading blocs. It experienced great growth until the First World War and remained low throughout the inter war period. After the Second World War, it has experienced growth partly due to the formation of regulating mechanisms. The concepts of world output and international trade have become important indicators of trade patterns in the world. Due to the growth in international trade, both beneficial and dangerous dependency has developed between countries. Introduction International trade covers doing business across borders or territories that includes buying and selling of goods and services as the core elements of business. It represents exports form a company to another company based in a different country and its indication hinges on the country’s constant price Gross domestic product. World output on the other hand, depends on the volume of exports by the various countries around the world. Both are important indicators of the trade patterns and consequently the growth of various economies. Moreover, international trade balance is important as it reduces cost of some goods through specialization and makes other goods available. The relation between the two is that of a trade-led growth, which infers that expansion of international trade leads to an increase in the world output. This has been the case since the post war economic growth that took place after the Second World War (Grimwade, 2000, p.10). During the inter-war period, international trading was almost nil as the countries encouraged protectionism (Michie & Smith, 1995, p.7). In the post war period the international market became more open to trading and regulatory bodies like the World Trade Organization (WTO) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) were formed. It is through this security of a regulated market that international trade has thrived consequently leading to an increase in the world output in the recent years. There has been a rise in specialization as indicated by the high ratio of international trade to world output. This increase in specialization especially in the area of manufacturing has led to an expansion of world trade and also the world output as the specialized companies export more. The general pattern of international trade has remained almost stable over the years. In broad terms, countries with low incomes tend to export products that are more primary while those with high income export more of secondary or manufactured goods. This observed trend arises because numerous
Introduction This is an essay is based on some philosophical work by Daniel Denette’s Where Am I? and John Searle’s Myth about computers. Daniel explores the functioning of the brain in relation to the body while John addresses Artificial intelligences and the myths surrounding it. Where Am I? By Daniel Denette This work by Denette addresses the personal identity crisis. It starts with the philosopher going to help the government in an important top secret project. This project involves retrieval of war head missiles buried deep underground. This retrieval is hard because the missiles are produced a dangerous radiation that only affects the brain. The person to do the retrieval has to leave his brain behind to avoid the radiation exposure. Denette agrees to have his brain removed and undertake the mission. After the successful surgery, he goes to visit his brain and is perplexed by the notion of where he is. He also wonders, if thoughts and perception come from the brain why his are coming from the body. His location is now determined by his point of view, and he wonders where “here” is. Is it in the vat where his brain is suspended or is it where he is standing in the lab? If then our perception of location is determined by our point of view then how is one physically terrified while watching a scary scene in a movie, while knowing that whatever is happening the viewer is safe in the cinema’s seat? This idea is also expressed by Banach (2000) who says that our identity is tied to where our perspective is and our point of view. Denette leaves his brain in the Lab and goes to retrieve the missile. The distance between the body and brain causes a delay especially in eye hand coordination activities. While disarming the missiles underground, the radio signal between the body and the brain is lost and Denette is left deaf, blind and dumb. He loses consciousness and when he wakes up he is in a new body. He says that having a different body didn’t change his identity. This also makes one wonder about the previous belief, that the body determines the point of view. Apart from the new body there was another development. Before he left for the mission, the project had duplicated his brain functions to make a computer duplicate of his mind. These two brains are so in sync such that there is no difference between when he is using his brain or the computer duplicate. One cannot help but wonder the possibility of another body being wired to the brain. On the negative side having another person that you know as well as you does yourself is not a comforting idea. The idea of to sharing all you have with this other person is a little alarming. But it can work out well too; by having the other person (who is essentially you) do all the things you have always wanted to do. Person A could stay here in the normal Job and with the family, while the other one travels around the world. Denette took measures to ensure that w
Introduction A product’s life cycle is the series of stages that a product goes through from its inception in the market to eventual decline. These stages are introduction, growth, maturity, and decline, and each stage is associated with distinct market characteristics. This paper analyzes the life cycle of Sony’s digital television, and assesses the product’s financing sources both inside and outside its home country. Sony Television Sony Corporation was founded in 1946 and is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company manufactures a wide range of products, including cameras, data storage equipment, computers, computer hardware and software, medical equipment, and home entertainment units. Among these, Sony televisions have reached their maturity. The televisions have been enhanced to have unique features that differentiate them from those of competitors like LG and Samsung. Over time, Sony televisions have been crafted to include Internet TVs, HD Family TVs, LED TVs and 3D TVs. The company has adjusted the prices, distribution patterns and promotion strategies to maintain its share in the market against the competitors (Sony, 2012). Public and Private Financing of Sony in Japan Sony Corporation acquires finances from both public and private sources. Private sources include sales and operating revenue and investment in the company by corporate investors as well as individuals. Public sources include bank loans by both the home country banks and international banks located in the country (Turnovsky, Mutti, & Eicher, 2009). The major source of money is the operation and sales revenue. If this revenue is not enough the individual companies using the Sony brand name yet situated in Japan, the companies may borrow from the Sony Bank, one of the affiliate companies. These financial sources promote the global market of the Sony TV by ensuring that the head quarter from which most consultations take place is running. In this case, money is sought from the international banks which are located in Japan the Sony brand name is promoted (DePamphilis, 2007). The Sony bank, for example, promotes the name to the people it serves both locals and the tourists expanding its global market. The shares sales promote the brand name to both the individual shareholders and the corporate shareholders, such as the parent company, located within Japan through advertising. Other corporate share holders include Japan Trustee Services Bank, Ltd, Moxley and Company, and The Master Trust Bank of Japan. Optimal source of Financing Sony television production is optimally funded through the sales and operating revenue of the Sony Corporation, a private source of revenue (Sony, 2012). The money that is generated through sales is invested in the purchases and operations leading to the production of the product. This financing source may not be appropriate because the quantity of products and the time taken to produce are dependent on the market response of the products. If a product is not doing well in the market its produ
Brazil is one of the most highly regarded films of all time since it was released. The movie presents a classic visual effect combined with a satirical story depicted by the characters. Created by Terry Gilliam, the movie’s motif expresses the possibility of a future where technology reigns supreme in a blackly comic tale surrounded by a fictional world. Gilliam points to the struggle of Sam Lowry against staleness and the warning to a totalitarian society. This paper will discuss the structural analysis and stylistic device used to make the plot and how different scenes relate to the movie. The movie is based on Sam Lowry, a low-level clerk in the oppressive ministry of information. He finds his life upside down after getting involved in a case of mistaken identity painting him as an enemy of society. After rescuing the helpless damsel in distress from the blast, Lowry becomes a hero, only for a mechanical error that leads to the arrest of an innocent man instead of the suspected terrorist. In desperation to right wrong, he ends up meeting with a mysterious young woman named Jill. This leads to the existence of his two worlds throughout the film. He faces reality and oppression from totalitarian government and the fantasy world of struggle to save Jill from the pressure. This expresses the insanity in Lowry as he drags himself into a surreal romance with a woman in his dream suspect of a terrorist bringing a situation of worthless conclusion. The film is set at 8 pm in the 20th century and encompasses ancient backgrounds full of the blackened environment (Stivers 22). It is packed with outdated typewriters, computer consoles, strange cars, and scenes full of neon-lit streets. The images were wide-angle with 14mm, 11mm, and 9.8 mm lenses. The production was done in a grey metal dust environment as the sun went down, giving the film a unique experience. There is a film noir, a cinematic style that made Brazil an inspiration for many movies. Gilliam mixed mainstream Hollywood production with various exterior scenes filmed in the monumental complex to achieve this style (BFI). There is excellent sound and music used in different settings for better viewing. Gilliam’s use of the camera is a distinct one throughout the film. He has filled the movie with rich visual spectacle scenes connected to his central theme of reality and fantasy. Different camera lenses are used with shorter focal lengths at distinct stages. Brazil has a presentation of Dutch camera angles and special effects that create the uneasy and unsettled words used by the characters. These visual styles connect various scenes to the plot by making the film only believable in the world created and individual spaces. The film structure is matched with outstanding visuals incorporated with the thematic concept to convey the message. Gilliam makes the globe explore the challenges in modern society. This is expressed t
Introduction Versions of “The Lady with the Pet Dog” by Joyce Carol Oates and Anton Chekhov have both conspicuous differences and similarities though debatable. Despite intriguing similarities and differences, few things stand out; the plot of the two versions is the same, with common moral lesson, symbolism, and irony, but with a different points of view, characterization, and setting. As aforementioned, the plot of the two versions of this story is the same; the storyline of the two versions carries a clandestine love affair between Anna and Gurov with a happy conclusion where the two realize true love. Both Oates and Chekhov adopt a third-person narrator. This forms the main similarity between these two stories as the authors strive to achieve the theme of love. The fact that the stories are told from the third person, there is no involvement of other characters, and this enables the reader to relate these two stories. Nevertheless, numerous differences are surrounding these stories. “The Lady with the Pet Dog”: Setting The setting of the two versions of this story is different. The two versions are set in different times. Chekhov’s text is set in the early nineteenth century in Russia, while Oates’ version is set in the twentieth century in Nantucket. In Chekhov’s version, while in Yalta for vacation, Gurov meets Anna, and they both realize they have something in common; they are unhappy with their marriages. Consequently, their common grounds lead them into an affair that starts as a simple association but turns out to be a long-lasting relationship. Even though they know well, their relationship is ‘illegal’ and unacceptable in society, they choose to carry on with it; surely, love is blind. Moreover, a life void of happiness is not worth living, and by being together, it is the only way they can be happy. Chekhov tells his story from the perspective of a man, Gurov, the protagonist. On the other side, Oates adopts the same plot as Chekhov’s but tells the story from a feminist point of view, the protagonist being Anna. Anna meets Gurov while on her way to Nantucket for vacation. Oates permutes the setting of this story to fit “modernism of the 1970s” (Paul Para. 6), something conspicuously
The history of the Democratic Party has seen significant policy shifts since the end of the Civil War. Today, the party boasts as the sole supporter of the interests of middles class Americans, farmers, and workers. Throughout its 19 and 20 th century history, the party held socially conservative ideologies hence drawing substantial backing from working-class white males. The party’s New Deal programs of the 1930s, which immensely shaped the country’s economic direction, received widespread support from working-class Americans. From the 1930s onwards until 1960s, the politics of the Democratic Party was primarily shaped by working-class Americans, a tremendous shift in the history of the party. This was because conservative working-class citizens supported pro-working class economic reforms. This coincided with the time when the party sponsored the Labor Relations Act effectively controlling labor unions. Before then, unions worked independently from the government control. In the 1960s, Democratic politics rallied against global anti-Communism and safeguarded fundamental freedoms for all American citizens. The party’s policies supported effective governance system, and disproved big government and supported civil rights movements. The Democrats promoted state rights and endeavored to use federal taxes to redistribute wealth from industrialized North to the poor Southern states. During this time, the party adopted significant policies supporting progressive labor reforms, tariff revisions, and regulation of large corporations. After WWII, there was a major shift in the Democratic manifesto as the party developed a program to safeguard civil liberties. The program outlined stringent policies to curb anti-lynching and anti-poll tax, established a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission and a Commission on Civil Rights, and outlawed segregation in armed forces essentially abandoning its conservative position on State Rights. Historically, the Republican Party represented Northern interests passionately supporting capitalists and America’s wealth elites and oversaw the Reconstruction in the South. Today, the Republicans strongly refute past social injustices hence forsaking several elements, which characterized America’s liberal past, thus propelling the country to its present liberal ideals such as securing independence for labor movements. The Republican platform espoused socio-economic changes promoting industrialization, liberalism, and capitalist systems. Since the Civil War, significant shifts in Republican politics have seen strengthened Federal government policies, developed federalism and industrialization. Because of the party’s shift in political principles, it lost significant support in the Southern states after the Great Depression because of its persistent criticism of wealthy Southerners and big corporations. However, after World War II, the Republican Party abandoned its domestic policy and shifted it