ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are historical processes that are evident throughout the lives and experiences of individual human beings. Studies of the world’s societies show that all societies are characterized by different elements which are unique and distinct from one society to another. Bentley and Ziegler examine the world as a whole and focus on the development and formation of the world’s major societies, ‘traditions’, and also interactions and connections that have always been established among societies, ‘encounters’. “Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past” shows that There have been various networks of interactions from the earliest periods to the present world and the web still continues to grow among nations and communities. Bentley and Ziegler highlight on the issue of ‘traditions’ and ‘encounters’ to bring out the varied models of historical changes within individual societies and the outcome of the interactions among various societies. Societies interacted with each other in a number of ways, for instance through trade, warfare, and intercultural activities (Bentley and Ziegler 55). A historical record of cross-cultural interactions and exchanges has brought the world of contemporary globalization, with trade revolutionized over time from small scale or subsistence production to the expansion of the global capitalist economy. The interactions of the world’s major societies influence history throughout the world. In development and interactions, each society is characterized by various elements which define its history. These elements include economics, political structure and theory, religious beliefs and practices, social organization, military and empire building, cultural traditions, innovative practices, interactions with other societies. There have been implications of gender, ethnicity, religion, disability and sexualities in the human societies over time since historical moments and this has influenced the interactions of people. Here is an historical interpretations and analysis of the Americas, Egypt and Mesopotamian societies: The Americans comprised the South and North continents with the Native Americans as the local community of the ancient America. The pre-Columbian civilizations established forms and characteristics that included city settlements, public and memorial structural designs, intricate societal structures and farming. The pre-Columbian era spans between the time when first settlement in the upper Paleolithic region to the time before the emergence of significant European authority over the Americas. The Native Americans lived in subsistence societies with great different value system from that of the European colonizers, this led to great misunderstanding and long enduring cultural struggles. Paleoamericans spread throughout Americas developing into several nations and tribes with distinct cultures. In North America there was stable and fair climatic condition which led to widespread migration, agriculture and a drastic increase in population over the Americas. Most of the Native American communities engaged in slave trade even before the beginning of African slaver
Performance testing is vital for all sorts of applications and systems, and it is essential for life-critical applications such as healthcare, medical, biotech, drug discovery systems, and mission-critical scenarios involving automobiles, aircraft, and defense. This paper presents a review of performance testing concepts and tools that are utilized in a range of business and scientific applications. Thus, the primary purpose of this work is a comparative analysis of three different tools aimed at performance testing. Performance testing is the practice of putting an application through its paces by simulating real users with a load generator in order to identify system bottlenecks (Srivastava et al., 2021). The main aim is to test for scalability, availability, and performance from both a hardware and software perspective. As part of performance testing, resource characteristics such as CPU utilization, memory usage, cache coherence, data consistency (in terms of main memory, virtual memory pages, and disk), power consumption, and network bandwidth usage are monitored and reported. In addition, it should be noted that another goal of the work is to build own performance analysis tool. The main task is to create an application aimed at a stress test. In addition, performance testing takes into account response time and consumption linked to the router, web server, and appserver (application server). At each level of the product development process, performance analysis is required. In terms of reaction time, throughput, availability, dependability, security, scalability, and extensibility, system performance is regarded as a figure of merit. All this will be reflected in a comparative analysis of the tool created within the framework of this work with another application with similar characteristics and scope. Consumer and b2b e-commerce platforms are getting increasingly competitive. Companies must ensure that their web-based applications can support numerous concurrent users connecting to a website or doing several online transactions (Srivastava et al., 2021). The service provider organizations must employ a
Introduction Chain of custody is a significant practice, which involves proper handling of exhibits through the justice process. The practice determines the direction that a court case takes during the trial process. Perhaps, for worse, Dr. Jeffrey R. MacDonald, who was a professional surgeon in the military before being convicted of murder charges in 1979, is alleged to have suffered an injustice following poor handling of exhibits by the FBI. The attorneys of the convict lamented that the law enforcement agency tabled compromised forensic evidence to pin down their client on a crime he is alleged not to have committed. The convict was accused and jailed for knowingly participating in the execution of his spouse and their two children. But MacDonald has repeatedly maintained his innocence (Shalit, 1997). Protecting evidence from contamination The chain of custody may have had an affect the outcome of the murder charges that MacDonald faced, by implicating him for the heinous crime (Attah et al, 2010). This calls for protection of the evidence from contamination to avoid an injustice on the part of the police. Juries and jurors tasked with unraveling justice are obliged to corroborate the consistency of the chain of custody and issue verdict based on the proof that pieces of evidence presented before the court are not tampered with. In view of this, an uninterrupted transfer of proof, backed by proper security and authenticity of the officers under whose custody the evidence lay is enough proof of the safety of the exhibits. Appropriate techniques for handling evidence Functional justice systems demand the practice of appropriate techniques for handling criminal evidence. For instance, Attah et al (2010) suggests the corroboration of chain of custody is an imperative aspect that directly affects the fate of the evidence, may implicate or exonerate a suspect from criminal charges (Schum, Tecuci, & Boicu, 2009). For instance, in the MacDonald trial for murder crime; police officer A, recovered a weapon from the accused; A handed over the weapon to police detective B; B then handed over the firearm to forensic expert C; who would carry out an examination of the weapon; C gave the weapon to law enforcer D, who carried the firearm to court. Proper and improper chain of custody The consistent statements of A, B, C, and D would comprise the weapon’s valid chain of custody, and the trial would require a statement by each individual in the sequence to ascertain both the state and integrity of the proof, unless the accused indicated otherwise, to expedite the trial process. Nevertheless, MacDonald’s defense team of lawyers believes the chain of custody was improper. The attorneys maintain that, though, this chain of custody was expected to be beyond reproach in the MacDonald case, the FBI forensic department allegedly compromised the evidence during the examination process,
Introduction In today’s contemporary world, business environment is quite competitive and more sophisticated than it was in the twentieth century. Successful business organisations need strong external relations to gain competitive advantage. Various foreign relations that are attached to enterprises should always be good for the success of enterprises. However, supplier and buyer relationship is the most essential as it comprises all factors that determine the success of a company’s external relationship. The relationship falls in the docket of an enterprise’s procurer who studies supplier relations and ensures that a business contributes to the growth of vendor’s enterprise as well. Such mutual growth portrays the contribution of procurement manager in company’s growth. On the other hand, supplier studies the buyer’s market and ensures an excellent relation for mutual benefits in their engagements. Buyer/Supplier Relationship In business environment, buyers have various definitions depending on the nature of their businesses in relation to target customers and intended purposes of goods or services. Businesses may acquire products and services and sell them straight to consumers. Such businesses are known as retail enterprises. Alternatively, they can supply products to other businesses. In such a case they are referred to as distributors. In addition, companies may acquire products from suppliers for the purpose of converting them into other final products. In that case, the companies are referred to as manufacturers. In all these cases, suppliers have a constant definition. A supplier is defined as seller of products or services to businesses regardless of what enterprises intend to do after acquiring the merchandises (Gebert, 2013). Both buyers and suppliers have individual needs that determine the nature of their relationship. Customers need reliable suppliers for them to run their businesses without interruptions due to shortage of requisite goods and services. A company hardly earns supplier’s reliability because there are some technicalities involved before a good relationship is realised (Gebert, 2013). Both buyer and supplier need to understand the nature of each other’s business and the reputation that each has to the public. Successful enterprises have reliable suppliers. The enterprises do not run short of goods and services even when they are under difficult situations. Suppliers play a significant role in issuing good and services on credit because of the trust they have for each other. A buyer takes time to study suppliers before making the first move. Gebert (2013) allege that a potential supplier has to meet buyer’s requirements before the two get into serious business. A buyer has confidence in suppliers who have been in business for a long time and nurtured a good reputation. A business does not earn a good reputation easily. Hence, a good reputation acts as an assurance of a trustworthy supplier to the company. Consumers praise their merchants if they realise that the merchants are conscious of their wellbeing in terms of quality, price, and availability of goods and services. Therefore, a buyer needs a supplier who o
Executive Summary This report aims to discuss, identify, and recognise the internal and external environmental factors that affect MAWAQIF (1). This analysis holds precedence in improving its operational efficiency and profitability. Similarly, this analysis contributes to the improvement of its strategic formulation process. Comprehensively, this report should help managers of MAWAQIF (1) to adapt to the dynamic needs of Abu Dhabi motorists and improve their service delivery. This way, they would cement their position in the market and formulate better strategic decisions to guide the organisation’s growth, in the next few years. The main issues covered in this report include analyses of the organisation’s external and internal environments. These analyses aim to identify the core competencies and weaknesses of the organisation. Broadly, these analyses provide the justification for the formulation of future strategic recommendations for the company. Detailed aspects of this analysis show how the proposed strategic recommendations would affect different aspects of the organisation’s performance. Particularly, this paper focuses on how the proposed recommendations would affect the organisation’s corporate and business level strategies. Similarly, this report explains how the same recommendations would affect key business divisions of the organisation. Broadly, this paper shows that political goodwill and exemplary customer services are the company’s main strengths. However, the failure of MAWAQIF (1) to operate optimally (insufficient infrastructure to accommodate the rising demand for parking spaces) and a rigid organisational culture are the greatest weaknesses of the organisation. Therefore, expanding the organisation’s parking infrastructure and introducing more flexibility in the company’s parking management services should mitigate some of these concerns. Based on an evaluation of the organisation’s internal and external environmental factors, this report outlines the following recommends for MAWAQIF (1)   * Redesign the value chain process to increase operational efficiency and profitability   * Improve the organisation’s user information and pricing strategies to increase operational performance. Introduction Background This report is a strategic analysis of the parking management services of MAWAQIF (1). MAWAQIF (1) is a division of the UAE’s Department of Transport (DoT), which solely manages all public parking in Abu Dhabi. The organisation has two main departments as outlined below Parking Regulation Department                Service Coordination Department      * Multi-storey Parking Regulation Section    * Parking Permissions Section      * Surface Parking Regulation Section         * Projects & Maintenance Section   * Permission Inspection Section                                                Table 1: Org
Effective management of human resources defines the success of implementing organisational change in a company. In the case under analysis, the absence of preparedness combined with the lack of resilience in the Portland Hotel Group (PHG) made it difficult for changes to be implemented. In order to address the issue at hand, one will have to consider re-examining the present HRM strategies, including the introduction of tools for employee engagement and the corporate culture based on employer engagement, CSR, and effective communication. Given the existing state of the organisation, alterations to its HRM policy and specifically the use of motivation techniques will have to be reconsidered. Training courses should be introduced as an opportunity to grow professionally, whereas the conditions in which staff members work will have to be improved (Bratton 186). With the adoption of the existing motivational theories, specifically Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and the use of engagement techniques combined with a powerful transformational leadership strategy, one will change the current situation at PHG. Moreover, the focus on incentives and options for promoting the professional development of staff members will help convince the latter that PHG values them and their contribution to the company’s development (Bratton 50). Thus, the problem of reluctance to change and refusal to accept innovation-driven, performance-oriented goals will be managed. By investing in staff members and increasing their loyalty by increasing employer engagement, employee motivation, and communication efficacy, one will be able to address the current crisis at PHG. Combined with the reconsideration of quality standards and the creation of a communication channel for managers to receive feedback from staff members, the described policy will allow PHG to overcome the present issues and continue to expand. As soon as the conditions in which employees work are improved, their motivation, engagement, and performance rates will rise. Work Cited Bratton, John. Introduction to Work and Organizational Behaviour . 3rd ed., Palgrave MacMillan, 2015.
The poems, “Howl” (1955) and “America” (1956), written by Allen Ginsberg puts forth the ideals of the beat generation that spread anti-institutional standards and was known for its counter cultural values. Both the poems are about America. The poems, written in free verse, present the voice of common people who have been censured as uncouth and suppressed throughout their life. The poems have often been described as “counter culture”, and therefore, believed to be dissident. Counterculture opposes aspects of mainstream culture like mass culture, middle class values, and norms. Both the poems are strong protest poems and stand against institutionalized capitalism prevalent in American, which limits the expression of average Americans. In his poems, “Howl” and “America”, Allen Ginsberg protests against the institutional hegemony of America and any of its microcosmic institutions within the boundaries of the country, have over its average citizens. However, the poems are apparently unpatriotic as they directly abuse the institutional machinery of the country, but essentially speak on behalf of the downtrodden, the silenced voices, and the middle-class drowning in capitalist excess. In this essay, I will argue that even though Ginsberg deliberately jibes against the oppressive institutional system that stifles freedom of expression of the minority, he essentially tries to give voice to the oppressed minority that is being stifled by the capitalist and institutional discourse in America. “America” is a poetic response of Ginsberg to Cold War America. The space that he addresses is the temporal space that has been occupied with no freedom for creative expression. The poem is strewn with political point of view of the poet who definitively is frustrated with the endless wars in the nuclear age. In the poem “America”, the speaker not only criticizes capitalism in America but the whole system followed in America, or rather, the way in which America is operated. In the poem the speaker, at one point asks, “America when will you be angelic”, which means when will America be worthy of being the nation of its Angels (“America” par. 8). Here Angels are the people like the poet – idealistic, truly caring of America, anti-Moloch, and believer in the ideals of a just society. Similarly, “Howl”, describes an adolescent’s Ping-Pong game, which assumed greater and darker meaning. In part one, Ginsberg uses the poem as a means to satirize the medical system through which Carl Solomon has to go through during his stay in a mental asylum in America, in order to portray the struggle of an average American for self-expression (“Howl” par. 1). Through the description of the repetitiveness and monotonousness of the game,
Background The oil and gas industry is the means for Nigeria’s economy. The upstream oil and gas industry remains the most important sector of the country’s economy. Statistical Energy Survey by BP 2012 estimated that “Nigeria had oil reserves of 37.2 billion barrels at the end of 2011, equivalent to 41.4 years of current production and 2.25 % of the world’s reserves while the country produced an average of 2457.3 thousand barrels of crude oil per day in 2011, which represented 2.93% of the world” (MBendi, 2013). According the BP Statistical Energy Survey 2011, Nigeria had 5.29 trillion cubic metres of gas. However, a poor infrastructure has affected the distribution of the gas. It flares 75 percent and re-injects 12 percent of the gas produced. However, the country wanted a zero percent flare by 2010. The government also intended to increase revenues from export of gas by 50 percent. The country’s downstream oil and gas industry also has important roles in the sector. However, it faces a myriad of challenges, such as fire, poor management, corruption, sabotage, vandalism, and poor maintenance. As a result, such refineries have never “operated above 40 percent capacity” (MBendi, 2013). Therefore, the country cannot meet the internal demand for oil and gas, and it has turned to imports in order to supplement the shortage. The country has an active petrochemical industry based on its refining abilities and demands. The current situation of Nigeria is risky for production and proper management of the sector. For instance, Nigeria experiences political unrest, border problems, and inadequate funding from the government coupled with corruption. Such problems have affected the promotion of best practices in the oil and gas industry of Nigeria. Information technology in the oil and gas industry Technological developments in the oil and gas industry have transformed the sector in advanced areas like the US (NaturalGas.org, 2011). There are innovations that have changed the oil and gas industry in many OPEC member states. Consequently, the roles of technology in oil and gas industry, particularly in explorations and productions have had deep impacts on the potential of the sector. The applications of information technology (IT) and other innovations in exploration and production of oil and gas have equipped the sector with the required practices and equipment for continuous efficiency in production of oil and gas to meet the world demands. The aims of the IT and other innovations are to ensure safe exploration and production and environmental friendly practices. Usages of such