ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many people best understand faith as a religious concept, particularly, the belief in things not seen but that are true (Lewis 56). By contrast, the conventional definition of reason is far from religious; it has to do with the natural sciences deductive thinking and dialectical theories. However, this paper seeks to correct these narrow-minded views and establish a comprehensive position that clearly explains the relationship between faith and reason, since these two qualities are not mutually exclusive. Faith, as per Thomas Aquinas, refers to the alignment of a person’s being, including his or her mental faculties to “divine truth” (Aquinas 67). To achieve this state, one has to subject himself / herself to the “grace of God”. It refers to a state of total surrender to God’s will that almost requires mental or intellectual blindness. One has to forfeit a bit of logic for faith to work. Albl gives several descriptions of faith that can better explain this concept. For instance, he says faith triggers a person to wonder (Albl 32). It is not enough for instance to appreciate the enchanting nature of the blue sky, faith asks who made it blue and why. Another description of faith pertains the view that all that exists because of the creation is a gift to humanity and that all should be grateful for it (Albl 33). It is also the foundation of a person’s trust in anything or anybody else, including self-confidence (Descartes 76). Trusting in what is intangib
The New Deal’s organization of the economy in Howard Zinn’s view Howard Zinn’s assumption that the main objective of the New Deal is performing economic change and preventing social unrest is grounded. The social environment of the relevant period was favorable for the outbreak of massive protests. First and foremost, it should be noted that the New Deal was supposed to reduce the tension caused by the Great Depression. Hence, Zinn refers to numerous strikes and the excessive unemployment rate that established by the time of the program’s implementation. Zinn provides an example illustrating that more than a hundred thousand New English mill workers were unemployed by 1933. Those who managed to hold their positions received reduced wages or had to face long-term back pays. Therefore, the American society had an entire scope of reasons to strive for a revolution when FDR came to office (Zinn 395). From the economic perspective, the situation was likewise poorly managed. Thus, Zinn elucidates numerous reports of farmers that reveal the complete economic stagnation. Hence, for instance, the agricultural industry was impeded not only by the economic factors but the unfavorable weather conditions as well (Zinn 400). As a result, it might be concluded that the New Deal targeted to address economic and social stabilization. The cost of the war in relation to the New Deal Smedley Butler’s assumption that war is a “racket” resonates with the ideas expressed by Howard Zinn. Hence, the historians consider war to be a source of profit for the powerful minority gained at the cost of the lives of the powerless majority. The main argument in favor of this position resides in the fact that the key beneficiary of the war is the wealthy elite. Zinn notes that for this reason, there were few pacifist movements in the USA during the Second World War (409). It is not surprising that Smedley Butler decided to reveal the real character of war after his retirement. His speculations upon the commercial side of tragedies are so straightforward that they would have jeopardized his career. It should be noted that the ideas elucidated by the historians are not a novelty. Hence, the wealthy class always strives to profit from global events whatever connotations they have. Upon drawing the parallel to the Great Depression, it can be noticed that despite the tragic outcomes of this event that affected the main part of Americans, some of them, for example, bootleggers, managed to take an advantage of the social crisis and earn millions and billions of dollars. Works Cited Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States , New York, New York: Pan Macmillan, 2013. Print.
Case Study: Insys Therapeutics I consider the steps taken by Insys Therapeutics not ethical because the company not only misled healthcare providers and insurance companies concerning the proper use of their drug but also exposed consumers to danger. The first ethical concept which can be applied to the case of Insys Therapeutics is Fairness and Honesty (BACW, p.44). Fairness and honesty are the integral components of business ethics and include general values. This ethical concern assumes the following laws and regulations are accepted in business (BACW, p. 44). However, Insys Therapeutics was accused of engagement “in a fraudulent marketing scheme” to boost sales of Subsys, a mouth-stay variation of fentanyl which is used for severe cancer pain (Arizona Accuses). Because of this scheme, the health-insurer Anthem Inc. blames Insys Therapeutics for paying $19 million more for the drug than they were supposed to pay (Anthem Files). Because Anthem was not the only company cooperating with Insys Therapeutics, the policy of the company disregards ethical principles of fairness and honesty. The statistics say that within recent decades, the number of overdose deaths because of opioids increased dramatically. The causes of high mortality include both illicit street drugs and prescription medications (Trial Reveals). The problem of dishonesty is not new in the United States. Cheating begins in the school years and develops further. In the business sphere, dishonesty is also frequent. If dishonesty is revealed, someone has to take responsibility. In the case under analysis, Insys states that the company takes responsibility for the actions of its former employees. However, the company pleads not guilty in the fact that it “materially contributed to the opioid crisis in the state of Illinois or the Nation” (Arizona Accuses). One more aspect of honesty and fairness to be considered in this case is connected with the disclosure of potential harm that can be caused by the use of a product (BACW, p. 47). Insys did not inform the consumers that the use of fentanyl for mild pain can be harmful and even lead to opium addiction. The second concept to consider is that of Communications which often causes the rise of ethical concerns (BACW, p. 47). As for the case of Insys Therapeutics, it deals with false
This paper is aimed at discussing the concert performed by Muse at Izod Center in 2013. It should be noted that this group represents various musical genres such as space rock, electronica, and even classical music. So, it is possible to say that this band belongs to such a movement as alternative rock. It was formed by Matthew Bellamy, Christopher Wolstenholme and Dominic Howard in 1994. At the beginning, these musicians gained recognition in the United Kingdom, but very soon they became popular throughout the world. At present, it is regarded as one of the most famous alternative rock groups. Its performances attract the attention of many fans as well as critics. These are the main issues that should be considered. This performance was attended by a very diverse audience. In particular, there were people
Mental health is one of the key aspects of an effective community as well as society. Mental health in the community is the pattern of mental health care in a particular community (Lundy & Janes, 2009). It has been a long practice to isolate mentally ill people. In many countries or even US area, such patients are being isolated and treated improperly. However, now the vast majority of such patients are being treated within their habitual environment as it is believed that natural settings favorably affect clients’ healing. It is necessary to note that mental health nursing came into existence only in the 19th century when activists started drawing public’s attention to the inhumane attitude towards mentally ill people (Lundy & Janes, 2009). Those patients were often dehumanized in the asylums for mentally ill people. The 19th century was the time when activists started creating hospitals where mentally ill people were treated humanely. The beginning of the twentieth century was favorable for the development of mental health centers as this was the time of special research into psychiatry. In the second part of the twentieth century, there was another wave of attention to mentally ill people’s treatment. This was also the time when people started thinking about the environment favorable for such patients’ healing. Notably, each community contributes to the devel
Introduction Companies often encounter boundaries when it comes to creating efficient business processes whether in the form of distance or differences in business culture, however, by overcoming such boundaries better business operations can be attained. As indicated by Piercy (2006) in order for any company to continue to be competitive within the present day global market place it is necessary for it to be highly responsive to changes, receptive to new developments within its market, highly creative as well as espouses actions of innovation and continued increases in efficiency (ex: Six Sigma) (Piercy, 2006: 3). Such aspects though are dependent on the employees of a company wherein through the use of proper management practices a company is able to create stable internal procedures to ensure proper operations and product development which would inevitably result in a successful company. The purpose of this project is to explain the advantages and disadvantages to working across boundaries, in this case distance and a diversified workforce. Through such a method of examination, it is expected that a greater understanding of today’s globalized business environment will be developed resulting in the promotion of the appropriate management practices to overcome such boundaries. This paper is divided into 2 primary sections; the first section discusses the boundary of distance as exemplified by the outsourcing industry. The second section deals primarily with the diversified workforces that have come about as a direct result of the present day orientation of multinational companies to expand into different markets. Through both sections, a clear idea can be developed regarding both the advantages and disadvantages of working across boundaries. It is the assumption of the researcher that, proper management practices can help to overcome boundaries such as distance and a diverse workforce thereby creating effective business operations. What is Outsourcing? As explained by Marchington et al. (2005), corporate executives are under pressure to improve the competitiveness of their companies through cost reduction, increased efficiency as well as the improvement of various services. It is due to this that they have been turning towards outsourcing as of late in order to resolve such issues (Marchington et al., 2005: 4). The term “outsourcing” actually refers to the practice wherein a company contracts another company to perform a particular business function for them at a reduced cost as compared to the main company doing it themselves (Young Bong & Gurbaxani, 2012: 1043). Outsourcing can take the form of manufacturing, accounting, customer services and a variety of other practices that can be done in another location. The main purpose of outsourcing is to reduce the inherent cost of operations by leveraging aspects related to cheaper workforce costs or reduced utilities expenses found in other location. (Young Bong & Gurbaxani, 2012: 1043) Through globalization, the internet and the process of outs
Introduction Netflix, a popular subscription-based online movie rental service, was founded by Reed Hastings in the late 1990s. Originally based in the U.S., it utilized postal services to deliver DVDs directly to its subscribers’ homes. In 2011, Netflix decided to migrate from its business model of delivering DVDs by mail to streaming media content and movies directly to its subscribers’ televisions. To secure its profits, the company started to charge more for receiving DVDs, which should have been perceived as a minor add-on to the existing customers’ original subscription arrangement. However, this move led to a big problem as a number of subscribers defected and Netflix’s stock price dropped. The company faced the dilemma of how to remain profitable in the video streaming business while dealing with competition and paying much more for content (Chatterjee, Barry, & Hopkins, 2016). This paper discusses the key marketing strategy issues in Netflix’s business model and suggests recommendations on how those issues should be handled. Main body Netflix’s business model has been considered highly successful. However, one may notice several strategic issues that existed in the process of the company’s development. First, Netflix decided to follow the path of famous internet brands like Amazon, choosing a similar business model. Unfortunately, the company did not realize it because of competitive advantages with other retailers until discovering that the customers would not return after having their first negative experience. Second, Netflix is completely dependent on other studios’ content, which provides the suppliers with extreme power over the company. Third, Netflix did not take into account the bargaining power of its customers who, if left unsatisfied, might choose to decide to spend their money on alternative products or services. All these issues have led to the most critical and urgent problem in Netflix’s business, which is customer loss (Chatterjee et al., 2016). Also, the company currently faces increasing competition, with Disney being the most significant threat, and has to deal with rising content costs (Lobato, 2019). Hence, customer acquisition, along with the creation of its own content, price increases, and separation of Netflix’s services, can be suggested as the main strategies to improve the company’s business performance. First and foremost, it is vital to take into account that Netflix depends on its customers’ disposable income, meaning that the slow growth of economic rates would immediately impact the customers’ purchasing power and th
Summary The GameChanger model implemented by Shell is targeted at identifying and developing innovative ideas from inventors across the globe; such ideas are associated with improving the energy sector in the nearest future. Founded in 1996, the GameChanger program offers innovators technical and financial support they require for demonstrating the commercial benefit of their inventions (Shell n.d.). An interesting fact about the program is that Shell recognizes the importance of experiencing failure to achieve success; thus, the company does not shy away from the most daring and interesting ideas that seem risky or unprofitable. In this way, Shell managed to implement tremendous change in the sphere of energy production through adopting innovation and promoting the culture of embracing new technologies by cooperating with inventors. The most outstanding point of the GameChanger program is associated with the company’s idea that innovation can often come from unusual sources, like, for example, children’s toys. Shell’s Senior Research Scientist, Erik Cornelisen was inspired by a rubber toy that grows when placed in water and invented a synthetic rubber seal for inside wells. The seal swells when contacted with water, the same way the toy does (Shell n.d.). The sphere of medicine also had an impact on inventors – Daniel Pusiol, an expert in nuclear magnetic resonance, proposed to use MRI for enhancing the understanding of how fluids move through rock. Ideas that came from unusual sources have proven to be very beneficial for the company; this suggests that the GameChanger program adds to Shell’s competitive advantage and provides inventors with opportunities to test even the most courageous ideas in real life, which, in turn, promotes the culture of innovation and technological growth. Key Learning Points  1. Unlike other companies that approach the concept of change with reluctance (Strategos n.d.), Shell adopted a model that perpetuates the ideas of creativity and innovation, not shying away from failure. The adoption of the GameChanger program allowed Shell to be more creative with its development process and allowed innovators to contribute to the business by testing out any ideas that in perspective can bring tremendous benefit.  2. The GameChanger program makes a good impression on anyone learning about it because promoting creativity and innovation while being prepared for failure is something of which not many companies can boast.  3. Modifications of the model can work in almost any company and field of operation when the management is not afraid of implementing change and investing in the development of new ideas.  4. GameChanger is a model for making innovative ideas come to life and ensuring that they benefit a company in a long term; however, the model is not for businesses that are trying to make a profit fast – innovations can take years to become profitable. Relevant Statements to the Session  1. Nurturing inspirational ideas and making them real is
Introduction Electronic home appliances have become a vital aspect of human life in contemporary world. They range from mobile phones, television sets, computers, radios, and cookers. It is noted that such gadgets are intended to make life more enjoyable. However, the intention notwithstanding, there is an emerging trend where the same machines pose a danger to the environment (Vallero & Brasier 2008, p. 217). Consequently, stakeholders and policy makers have developed a number of frameworks to monitor and minimise the negative effects that electronic appliances have on the environment. One such concept is the Life Cycle Analysis (herein referred to as LCA). According to Crawford (2008, p. 496), LCA is regarded as a technique that is essential in understanding the environmental impacts of a given product. The current essay is written against this background. In the paper, the author examines the environmental impacts of a toaster. The report seeks to develop a concept to redesign a sandwich toaster. The aim is to ensure that the appliance is environmentally friendly. The paper begins by addressing the weaknesses of the gadget. The analysis is based on the knowledge acquired by the author with regards to LCA (Zamagni 2012, p. 375). Thereafter, a crit
The purpose of this paper is to examine the Federal Emergency Management Agency, a major US federal organization responsible for dealing with various severe emergencies such as natural and man-made disasters, as well as for countering terrorist offenses. The paper describes and examines the organization’s leadership (current and recent), its structure (work division (the organizational table, units, and subunits, the basis for the division) and work coordination (the mission and hierarchy of the organization)), and the core laws that define the organization’s activity. The paper is based on materials obtained from official websites of US agencies, scholarly articles, and course materials. Leadership. Description Currently, the Federal Emergency Management Agency is led by William Craig Fugate, who was approved by the USA Senate and appointed the Administrator of FEMA in May 2009. Before that, he worked as the Director of the Florida Division of Emergency Management since 2001. He is responsible for managing the actions of the state during major disasters that occurred during his services in Florida, such as Hurricanes Charley, Jeanne, Katrina, and others. Among his achievements is the establishment of a permanent scheme of catastrophic planning, which allows for stabilizing the impact of a disaster within three days, and the implementation of the informal Waffle House Index used by FEMA in order to calculate the aftermath of a storm. 1 , 2 Fugate’s predecessor was Nancy L. Ward, who served as the Interim Administrator of FEMA from January 2009 to March 2009. She temporarily served after the retirement of Robert David Paulison, who was the Administrator in September 2005 – January 2009. Having been a firefighter, Paulison was appointed as the head of the United States Fire Administration by G. W. Bush in 2001; later, in 2003, he was made the Director of National Preparedness Division of the Emergency Preparedness & Response Directorate by President Bush. He also was appointed as the Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, in 2006. 3 , 4 Analysis . Apparently, R. D. Paulson was a so-called administrative leade
This time capsule was unearthed successfully and all the artifacts from the ancient time were still inside the rustproof metal casing. The casing was sealed and the numbers ‘1964’ were written on top of it. Thereafter, the casing was taken to the laboratory for analysis. It was later discovered that it had been buried in the ground since 1964. Before the casing was opened, detailed forensic analyses such as x-ray micrographic study were carried out (Cooper, Hedges & Valentine, 2009). This ensured that adequate information was gathered from the artifacts before the materials inside the casing could degrade after being exposed to air (Babbie, 2010). When this time capsule was successfully opened, it had five objects. They included an electronic watch, Nautilus film history, an old computer memory unit, a sample piece of element Tektite, and a tape recording of famous sounds of the 1960s. All the identities given to the artifacts found in the time capsule were easily traced. The five samples were then analyzed in order to offer a detailed description of the 1960s as well as how things will be thousands of years from present time. The artifacts were perfectly preserved in spite of the status of technology that was available at that time (Devereux, 2009). The electronic watch was the first to be analyzed. It was quite a simple electronic device that seemed to apply electromagnetic vibrations to be able to tell time. From the outlook, the simplicity of the watch suggested that it was stored at the time when this kind of electronic device was innovated (Babbie, 2010). It was heavy and huge, thereby suggesting lack of advanced refinement in the industrial productions during those days. From the information attached on the watch, it had been provided by Bulova Company. The latter company has dominated the watch production industry in the 21 st century. This suggests that it was a masterpiece produced by this company at that time. The fineness of the wire used in winding the watch, its gears, and the smoothening of the casing demonstrated some high level of skilled industrialization (Devereux, 2009). It also signified the existence of social classes, the watch was gold coated and apparently extremely expensive at that time. The casing of the watch was designed in an artistic manner. This implied the inclusion of art in the development of technology. Nautilus film history was extremely old and retrieving data from the tape was cumbersome. However, the limited data retrieved from the magnetic tape was important in outlining the historical events of the 1960s. The size of the tape was quite large but the information stored in it was rather little. In comparison to other magnetic tapes that were recovered, this tape seems to be amongst the oldest in the magnetic tape technology (Hyvärinen, Karhunen & Oja, 2004). It was recorded using simple magnetic resonance skills. This was a rather old form of recording used in the 19 th century. It enabled the storage of information in the tape. The tape was also used to record events that occurred during the early 19 th century. The