ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The development of information technologies gave rise to a new form of protest, called hacktivism. Overall, this term can be described as a non-violent use of digital tools in order to promote certain political ends or express disagreement with the policies of the government or governments (Hampson 514). It can take such forms as website defacement, denial-of-service attacks or publication of confidential information (Hampson 514). Nevertheless, this term is often confused with cyber-terrorism or hacking. This paper is aimed at discussing the role of hacktivism for contemporary mass media such as newspapers, television, Internet, radio and so forth. In particular, it is necessary to discuss the way in hacktivists are described in these media and how their actions are evaluated. Moreover, it is important to understand why hacktivism attracts so much attention of mass media. Overall, one can say that this form of protest is so often discussed because it demonstrates that online communities can affect even the most powerful and efficient organizations or businesses. Moreover, this activity cannot easily be monitored or prohibited. Mass media can create conflicting portrayals of hacktivists; they can be depicted as cyber-terrorists or as courageous people who want to voice their discontent. These are the main questions that should be discussed in this paper. The development of hacktivism as a social and political phenomenon It should be mentioned that hacktivism has many years of history, for instance, one can refer to the attack against the NASA when this organization intended to launch probes with nuclear reactors (Jordan 120). This event took place in 1988, and since that time, hacktivism has evolved into organized civil disobedience and sometimes organized crime. Overall, it is possible to argue that mass media pays close attention to hacktivism because in most cases, it is related to a variety of controversial issues such as the protection of copyright property, freedom of speech, the rights of LGBT communities, and so forth. These questions are debated by politicians, journalists or writers, and they can be of great interest to the audience. Thus, hacktivism can have far-reaching implications for the community. More importantly, the attacks carried out by hacktivist groups like Anonymous affected very important organizations such as the US Department of Justice or even FBI (Jordan 120). Moreover, people, who are involved in these incidents, can live in different cities, states, or regions. Such forms of civil disobedience were not present before, and it is quite understandable that journalists take interest in it. This one of the reasons these events were reported on television, radio, newspapers, and Internet. Most importantly, these cases demonstrate the power of online community that can shape the policies of the state. The descriptions of hacktivism offered in different media On the whole, one can say that various mass media have described hacktivists in different ways. For example, Fox 11 News described these people as “hackers on steroids” (Whitehe
Introduction The North Haven town is located ten miles from Yale University and New Haven and ten miles from Long Island Sound in Connecticut, United States of America. It is about seventy six miles from New York City. This town has an estimated area of about twenty one square miles whereby almost twenty square miles consist of land while the rest is covered by water. According to the census report of 2005 it was estimated that The North Haven town had a population of twenty three thousand nine hundred and eight people. This town is home to various learning institutions like Quinnipiac University graduate colleges and schools and other New Haven based learning institutions. It derives a lot of fame through its developed infrastructure with a huge manufacturing and retail businesses employing about twelve thousand six hundred and forty people. This report aims at outlining various aspects in the structure and functioning of The North Haven Fire Department which plays a major role in rescue and emergency services. The history of The North Haven Fire Department dates back to more than forty years ago when it was a constituent of a SAFER donation from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. However, in 2009/2010 there were major changes in this department and it was allowed to develop its fire fighting abilities through investing in career development of its workers. This plan was successful courtesy of the grants obtained from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the immense support from the community during a budget referendum to put the grant into consideration (The Library Director). This played an important role of ensuring there were enough resources to train their staff as far as fire fighting was concerned. The North Haven Fire Department consists of thirty four employees. These employees are categorized as administrators who comprise of one Fire Chief, Deputy Fire Chief and four Lieutenants who also act as shift controllers. The other group of workers is referred to as the fire fighters and it consists of twenty eight workers. This department is further aided by other volunteer companies that include Montowese, West Ridge and Northeast companies that are allowed to have a maximum of thirty five workers. These volunteer companies consists of a Captain, two Lieutenants and two Foremen while the Fire Police Division are supervised by Police Lieutenants assigned to each company and are answerable to the Chief of the Department. This Department has an elaborate system that enables all their plans to be
Methodology Data Analysis The theories that will be analyzed in this research paper are the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) model elaborated by Archie B. Carroll; the Stakeholder Theory; the limited, the equivalent, three perspectives on Corporate Citizenship (CC); and the Normative Ethical Theory. These four distinct views on the conception of ethics and ethical behavior cover the whole range of matters an organization faces in business conduction, and the analysis of the given theories is expected to answer the fundamental questions of the research from the perspective of ethics: how should pharmaceutical companies make pricing for drugs? And which factors affect the prices? Carroll’s CSR model. Types of Responsibilities  Implications                                                         Philanthropic              A company needs to be a good corporate citizen.                      Ethical                    A company must follow the ethics in business conduction.             Legal                      A company needs to ensure the compliance with laws and legislations. Economic                   One of the main goals of the business is profitability.               The compliance with the four basic responsibilities of Carroll’s model supports efficiency and ethics of business. It is commonly accepted to regard the CSR model as a pyramid where economic responsibility lies in the basis while the philanthropic responsibility is at the top of it. However, it is right to comprehend the pyramid as a whole where the responsibilities are interdependent and consequently affect each other. The economic responsibility concerns with profitability and financial turnover. It also implies the strategic financial and pricing decision-making. The pricing affects not only the company but the whole market and economy. The well-balanced prices support the capitals flow and, therefore, have a positive impact on the economic sustainability. One of the economic responsibilities of an organization is thus to provide the prices that would maintain the customers’ attraction, ensure the corporation’s profitability, and enable the financial performance of both customers and organization. Economic responsibility is evidently connected to the legal responsibilities because the decision in pricing, the financial inputs and outputs must be followed by the proper legal regulations. The legal responsibility is thus in the obedience to law and political regulations, and it is socially required. When talking about the pricing, the laws regulate the strategic decisions merely to some extent. The government’s duty is to interfere when a company applies the fraudulent pricing methods. For example, corporations can implement the methods of the “predatory pricing” by making the prices too low in an attempt to knock out the competitors out of the market, or the “price discrimination” by selling the same goods for different prices to the different groups of people (Guo, 2012, par. 4). This kind of pricing strategies is evidently engaged in the illegal activities and demonstrates the legal irresponsibility o
Core proposition This strategy is about an offer of bottling water to the Hong Kong market as the target audience. Bottled water is not something new in this market so some of them may be aware of the advantages of consuming it over traditional water. It is likely that this product will receive a great reception from these intended members because of the fact that it contains minerals like sodium chloride and magnesium sulphate which are healthy for them. This makes them healthier and better tasting than ordinary tap water. This specific brand of bottled water has vitamin C as an additional feature that makes it quite distinct from the other brands in the market and this is likely to make it stand out from the rest. The central promise to the Hong Kong market is to offer them bottled water that will contribute to better health and will be accessible to them because of its low prices. The quality of the product will be top notch and customers can prove this through ISO standards followed during the product’s production process (Raymond, 53). Competitive positioning The first thing that will distinguish the product from the competitors’ offerings is the fact that the new brand will be healthier than the offerings. It will contain an added mineral that is not prevalent in other bottled water brands in the Hong Kong market which is vitamin C. This means that consumers can benefit from better immunity against diseases and better functioning of body organs. This particular brand will also stand out from the market because of its competitive pricing. This will be designed to reach those individuals who may want to enjoy the benefits of bottled water but may not have the financial backing to do so. Our product will also be environmentally friendly. The packaging utilised and the production process will be eco friendly. This is likely to appeal to those individuals who are highly concerned about the sustainability of consumer products (Laemer & Simmons, 71). Lastly, the product will be better tasting than any other commodity in the market especially in the sparkling market. Marketing objectives   * To gain twenty five percent market share of the bottled water market in a period of one year.   * To inform 60% of the Hong Kong consumer market about the product   * To alter perceptions of bottling water in Hong Kong These objectives relate to the market share, positioning and competitive place of the firm. It should be noted that there are eleven bottling waters companies in the Hong Kong market already and some of them include Evian, Snowy mountain and Iceni. This means that in order to be realistic, the company needs to work with a relatively small market share which in this case is twenty five percent. The best bet for the firm would be focusing on the sparkling market because this is the least competitive i.e. it only has three competing firms. The other marketing objective concerns product turnover   * To achieve a 95% product turnover   * Marketing strategy The target audience for this product will be the Hong Kong market. This will comprise of individuals from all parts of the reg
Introduction Over the past decade, the healthcare service has seen impressive changes, most of which were the direct effect of the Affordable Care Act. For instance, the availability of required services has increased, with more people gaining the opportunity to get good health insurance. However, the identified alterations have not been as homogenous as the U.S. population would like them to be, the lack of support for the elderly being one of the major points of concern (Moody, 2017). Due to a steep and continuous rise in healthcare costs, the opportunities for the elderly to receive proper care have decreased significantly. Main body The problem of access to healthcare and the increase in the number of underserviced areas is growing out of proportion nowadays. Therefore, actions have to be taken to address the specified concern. Given the current problems of the availability of healthcare services, it can be assumed that, in the future, a significant part of the aging population will not have access to a range of healthcare opportunities, which will reduce the quality of peoples’ lives extensively (Budhdeo et al., 2015). Specifically, it can be argued that the present-day tendencies are likely to lead to a sharp rise in costs for medications and healthcare services, in general, thus making the process of obtaining the necessary healthcare assistance barely possible. However, there is also a possibility that the future healthcare prospects may include creating personalized care. Due to the emphasis on an individual approach toward every patient, healthcare organizations are highly likely to create the framework for addressing the needs of each patient individually by building a system of personal healthcare (Moody, 2017). The identified tendency does not seem unlikely given the recent increase in the opportunities for managing a vast amount of data and using the Internet of Things as the tool for arranging and transferring information (Beeknoo & Jones, 2017). However, the described alterations in the healthcare and nursing setting will inevitably imply an increase in the expenses that one will need to take in order to receive care. The identified change is also likely to lead to a drop in the levels of security among the elderly. By incorporating the latest technological innovations into the healthcare context, one will ultimately have to transfer all data to the digital environment, which is currently exposed to a plethora of threats. Indeed, the possibility of patient data being hacked and disclosed to a third party remains quite high despite the attempts at increasing the levels of digital security and reinforcing the efficacy of data management. Thus, the specified concern is also likely to become the cornerstone for future issues with healthcare services and their quality, as well as patient safety, in general. Despi
Introduction Compensation at the workplace influences the performance of any organisation in a number of ways. Most researchers have established that compensation of employees is directly related to the motivation that they get from their places of work. The result is the output that they generate for the organisation (Moriarty 2014). One of the commonest methods of employee compensation at the workplace is financial compensation. All organisations have a detailed and elaborate manner of financially compensating their employees. The many studies in this area have established that employees who are adequately compensated have a better performance at the workplace. They increase the productivity of the organisations in which they work (Moriarty 2014). Marks & Spencer Company is one of the renowned retail businesses in the UK. The company has employed over 80,000 people. It has recorded significant success in this industry over the years. In fact, it was among the first British companies to make over £1 billion in pre-tax profit. This paper analyses the competitive strategic compensation choices that are in place at the company. The essay also looks at the employee benefits that are in place in this business, the determination of employee salary, and the incentives and challenges in this area of the company. Strategic Compensation Choices The company’s strategic compensation choices have contributed to the success in the retail industry for Marks & Spencer. The company recognises employee as the most important stakeholders in the production process. Thus, it has, made sure that the rights and privileges enjoyed by these individuals are respected. Some of the rights that employees at Marks & Spencer enjoy include a decent salary. The commonest form of employee motivation and compensation that is used in most companies is the salary, which is paid for the services that employees provide to the companies (Moriarty 2014). The laws that bind the contract and the company govern the provision of financial compensation in employment, which follows the laws in employee financial compensation. The strategic compensation choices for this company are dep
Introduction The current system of education is very different from the ancient system, because unlike the ancient one, it does not give school children the opportunity to develop hobbies. As such, it is normally referred to as a bad system of education. A child learns best by exploration and this is the best kind of learning. When a child finds something fascinating, he or she will explore it systematically until all the mysteries are solved (Gyasto). If the child does not come up with a clear understanding of the subject matter, he will definitely ask an adult about it. By so doing, it means that the child is quite interested in the matter and this leads to development of hobbies. If the current system of education does not help children develop their hobbies, then it is bad for them. In school, children are not allowed to learn through their mistakes. Remember the saying that goes ‘experience is the best teacher’. Everything is taught by the teacher and the children become lazy hence they do not develop their hobbies (Gyasto). The child gets to understand that the teacher does not accept wrong answers and develops mechanisms of getting the right answers. This makes the teacher believe that the child knows what he does not know. Children get to learn the first language mainly by their own; they do not sit in class to be taught. They too learn many complicated things before going to school and by the time they do, they have already started developing hobbies (Holt). The moment they join school, they sit on their talents and hobbies because they do not have the time for them. Discussion When a child is taken to school, he or she is introduced to a new environment with so many kids unknown to him or her. Having come from different backgrounds, kids can be very cunning. They will exhibit different social standards and a child will find it difficult to learn much because he or she will be more concerned with the social standards that have been set by other kids. This will make them spend most of the time worrying about if they will be able to fit or risk being rejected. When a child is not able to fit into the social standards set by the other children, cases of bullying arise. A kid will only bully a kid who is below his or her social standards and this is great torture. As a result, a child can suffer depression and be completely withdrawn. A good learning environment should not endanger the lives of children but should be able to help them get to learn that which will help them in future , what they will enjoy doing and what will be of much benefit to them(Gyasto). Disciplined children cannot bully or kill, but will work have in school to realize their dreams. Schools do not teach what the children want to know. That is why many children dread going
Change is inevitable: it is brought about by globalisation, change in customer needs, and technological developments among other factors. As much as change is inevitable, the nature of human being resists change; how well an organisation adopts to change, determines the competitive a company. Leaders have the role of implementing strategies to effect change effectively in their organisation. Change may be rapid, where there is minimal time to plan and adjust processes and products in line with the expected change (Hayes 12-23). This paper discuses change management strategy in an organisation. Strategy A strategy is a thought system and process to be followed, with the aim of attaining certain set objectives. The strategy may be made by an expert, or it can be developed internally in an organisation to ensure that better processes have been adopted. Implementing and managing a strategy is the final stage of a strategy, where elements and components of the strategy are put in place. In the case of change, a change strategy should be implemented and pioneered by change agents. Change management strategy Leadership of an organisation has the mandate of implementing and managing change. Businesses, countries and the world in general is facing massive change and developments, there are transition and development in different areas. Change should be gradual but should adopt a pace that ensures that the organisation will benefit from opportunities offered by change or mitigate any threats offered by changes in business world. An effective change management policy will ensure a smooth transition from old process development methods to the new form of production. Objectives of a change management program There are different reasons why change should be undertaken in an organisation. The prevailing condition offers the objective to meet by the change process. Major objectives of a change management strategy are:   * Improve current working condition; this is through adoption of modern or relevant strategies, for example to implement risk management strategy, there are some change that need to be accommodate in an organization   * Adopt a different way of doing things and take advantage of available opportunities as other business opportunities are created   * Make new combinations of resources in an organization; this is mostly when better combination ways have been innovated   * Adopt new technology; scientific innovations and developments have resulted to technological innovation that robust organization should adopt for efficiency and effectiveness in internal and external processes.   * Change of business, target market, production formulae, management, job schedules, job description among other; this is where an organization need to take a different approach in business   * Have a different human resource management system, computer system among others Cha