ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Background The Black-eared Miner, Manorina melanotis, is a honey eating bird species native to the mallee woodland in southeastern Australia. Due to a decline in number in the 1980s, the bird was declared as an endangered species under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Manorina melanotis closely resembles the much more common Yellow-throated Miner, Manorina flavigula (Australian Government, 2010, para. 2). Several conservation efforts have been undertaken but these have not been adequate and the bird continues to listed as endangered more than 20 years after the first studies were made. Habitat and Breeding M. melanotis lives mainly in the Murray Mallee region in Southern Australia (Threatened Species, 2005, para. 2). A few birds can be found in the northwestern Victoria with the greatest numbers found in the Murray Sunset, NP. In NSW, it lives in the mallee in the Scotia region. Before the reduction in number, the species might have been present in the mallee region throughout southwest NSW. Black-eared Miners are mainly found in large tracts of mature mallee with a post fire age greater than 25 years although they prefer a mallee vegetation that has not been burned for the past 50 years. They feed mainly on arthropods such as grasshoppers, weevils, spiders, ants, and flies. During breeding periods, the birds live in colonies of between 8 and 40. Breeding is usually opportunistic and may occur when conditions are fitting, however, highest breeding rates occur between September and December. Researchers have disagreed over the taxonomy of this bird with some considering it a variant of M. flavigula. The birds are co-operative breeders (individuals assist in caring for the young that are not their own), live in large flocks during the breeding season, and separate during non-breeding periods. Threats The main reason for the decline in the number of birds stems from the clearance of their mallee habitat. Although settlers arrived at the Murray Mallee in the mid 19 th century, it was not until the start of the 20 th century that extensive clearance of these habitats for agricultural purposes began. This increased in the 1930s when the settlers dug dams and channels to improve water flow. This has led to encroachment and subsequent displacement of the bird with the Yellow-throated species that lives in open lands. The number has further reduced due to interbreeding between the two Miner species, this poses the greatest risk to the survival of M. melanotis . A study of the two bird species from different areas of the world show a significant increase in hybridization around the mid-20 th century as dam construction and clearance of habitats increased (Bird Li
Creating a normative legal system has become a debatable topic regarding the morality of the set legal laws and guidelines governing society today. Legal and social laws are a must for managing societies in promoting uprightness and punishing wrongdoers. In this regard, forming laws and societal guidelines need specific conditions or processes in ensuring the laws are ethical and inclusive of all members of society. Religion is founded as one factor that influences the formation of laws because of the religious doctrines that are considered morally upright. But most people fail to understand the difference between religion and God as separate entities. What then shapes and defines the best moral laws between God and religion? This essay explains the difference between God as the lawmaker and religion in influencing morality and ethical values in society. God is a different entity from religion and independent of the influence of human beings, while faith is dependent on human beings, therefore subject to adjustments according to the specifications of a given religious group. A religion does not guarantee the existence of its God (Benjamin et al., 2020). For example, a group of people can form religious groups made up of certain beliefs without considering the author and controller of the given thoughts. If religion and God are different, then the law cannot be made based on certain religious beliefs. Moral laws should base on God’s commands because; God is the giver of universal objectivity of morality, God gives the ultimate justice, and God is the creator and giver of all human knowledge. God As the Controller of Law and Moral Values Throughout history, the laws made by human beings have been idiosyncratic, biased, mostly wrong, and absurd. Most laws made by man suppress individuals from God’s rights, making the human authority superior to God’s sovereignty. Human dignity and freedoms come from God, and no religion or current laws can hinder this God-given dignity. Therefore,
Introduction Though some tourist destinations have thrived in the 21 st century without creating business strategies or innovating, this case study asserts that many more have taken a beating, and the fiscal crises that have continued to strike many business sectors increase the odds in such a way that the effects of the existing recession will be felt over the long term. This has in return tasked managements with identifying best strategies to address their reducing share markets and conform to the most recent factual business imperative that states that ‘innovate or evaporate’. Reflecting on the above, the author established that the usefulness of tourism and the increased entry of new destination markets have forced all destinations to compete by emulating at global levels to win on the lucrative shares of tourist markets (Hassan et al. 2010, p.142). In his research work, Balakrishnan (2009 p.78) established that “travel and tourism were the second largest global industries with daily revenues of US$2 billion. This was supplemented by investments of about 12% of world GDP”. To add, close to 12% of the world population has been flying globally in search of tourism leisure and ventures. The preceding assertions evidence the fact that lately, the key term that has elicited keen interests in many economic pla
Very few companies have managed to maintain progress over the years of their existence, and Dnata is one of them. Since the very start of the business, only the most recent innovations were used to develop the company’s strategy and only the latest technologies were utilized to provide the services of decent quality. However, over the past few years, the Dnata Company seems to have been experiencing considerable difficulties concerning the cost for the fuel and the related issues. Therefore, making the costs for the fuel to repay themselves is a topical issue for the Dnata Company at present. Though one might think that the fate of a single company in the light of the crisis that has engulfed several major corporations all over the world since recently is not an issue that is worth considering, the future of Dnata means much for the UAE. First, it is important to mention that Dnata is one of the major companies in the UAE and the key transportation service in the state; therefore, it plays a great role in the UAE business system, not only as a travel agency, but also as the link between the UAE and the rest of the world. Given the fact that Dnata also offers a perfect example of a continuous progress, it is especially intriguing to see how the company is going to handle the current crisis. As it has been mentioned, Dnata is currently having certain difficulties in the financial department. To be more exact, because of the recent rise in the price for the fuel, the company can hardly make the ends meet. Because of the rapid increase in the price for the fuel, the cost price of the latter nearly equals the revenues that the company gets from transporting the customers, which means that Dnata is on the verge of a financial crisis. It is clear that at present, the issue of the costs for the fuel is a great problem for the airlines, for the recent evidence shows that the company has decided to cut the costs for the fuel: “Keeping those planes in the air cost Emirates 24.3 billion dirhams in fuel costs in the 2011/2012 financial year, 40 percent of total costs and up 44.4 percent from the previous year, the company annual earnings report said” (Menon & Stevenson, 2012). Judging by the fact that the firm’s annual revenues have dropped greatly, it can be considered that the Dnata Company is suffering from a severe financial crisis. It is important to keep in mind that Dnata’s costs are not restricted to paying for the fuel; the company also needs to pay for the maintenance of the planes, the services of pilots and flight attendants, etc. Hence, it can be concluded that the company is about to face a tough crisis. As it follows from the information offered above, the key question of the given research will be whether Dnata is able to survive the given crisis and if so, then what its key strategies are going to be. Speaking of the research hypothesis, it can be assumed that the Dnata Company could use the help of other companies, such as the Al Ahli Club (Ajou, 2012). Using the financial support of other companies, Dnata can rethink and change its financ
Introduction In the contemporary world, marketing plays a vital role in business management and can directly influence the values of the organization. At present, there are various advertisement strategies and techniques that aim to expand the clientele base and improve the quality of promotion. Therefore, it is essential to continually work on marketing research and propose innovative methods that might enhance the existing frameworks. The current work attempts to review the article concerning Super Bowl advertisement and demonstrates its relevance to the marketing class. Summary of the Article The article is titled Conventional and Social Value Marketing Strategies Used in Super Bowl Advertisements , and its primary objective is to analyze various marketing strategies used in the preparation for the event. The authors intend to research the 2016-2019 Super Bowl advertisements to find out what methods and techniques are primarily used by the companies (Estrada & Brown, 2021). Initially, Estrada and Brown introduce a theoretical background including the existing marketing frameworks (2021). They comprise the introduction of celebrities in the advertisement, appeal to the sex and gender of the target audience, and the significance of emotions in the promotion of the product (Estrada & Brown, 2021). Consequently, the authors discuss how each of these methods is used in conventional marketing and demonstrate their effectiveness (Estrada & Brown, 2021). Overall, the theoretical background of the article transparently demonstrates some of the advertisement strategies that are frequently utilized in marketing. For the e
Introduction Corporate citizenship and corporate social responsibility carry divergent and convergent contexts. The above argument contextualizes the legitimacy of doing business with a sense of ethics. Business activities can be carried out in any nation with the help of globalization. Nevertheless, identification of players in a business scene, especially for corporations, subjects profit and society to a discernible imbalance. The imbalance is pegged on both theoretical and practical roles of economic politics. Therefore, the role a corporate citizen plays in the society in which it conducts business has an ethical edge. The ethical edge is seen through the uprisings against corporations. If what they offer to a democratic society is legitimate, why do we experience dissatisfactions from recipients in the society? Some people have claimed identity of corporations taking over state affairs in their host countries. Is this true? Agreement with the Author I agree with the author’s point of view. In the first place, Third World countries that act as hosts to corporations have perpetual unrests. These unrests are directed both to governments and corporations. However, the corporation that conducts its activities in that host country defends its legitimacy to the provision of services to the society. In addition, a cross section of corporations, especially oil refineries, depict total unrest with local communities. The cited Nigerian example is a perfect representation of the others. The Nigerian case of armed conflicts between the state, corporations and civilians is a prolonged problem. If these corporations are “citizens” why are people alleged to enjoy responsibility fighting them? The situation is complex and cyclic. The complexity part has roots from law-makers in the business world: lobbyists. An example of these institutions is the United Nations Global Compact. This establishment hides behind the curtain of advocating human rights and environmental standards. Only a handful of signatory corporations put signatures in agreement to the guidelines of the Global Compact. Such reluctance of corporations to human rights is unethical. Why is it unethical? This establishment lacks an enforcement capability towards corporations under its influence. In addition, the communities that act host to the corporations have no protection from their countries. This lack of protection implies lack of participation of citizens in the business as legitimate stakeholders. Monitoring of corporations under the corporate governance establishments marks another milestone in the defense of human rights. A finger of blame is pointed at Alien Torts Claim Act. Liability procedures are not clearly enforced leading to unaccountability. While transnational corporations have assured protection-through international treaties and intellectual property rights regimes, their human rights victims do not enjoy justice. The last assertion about my support of the author concerns behavioral monitoring. Acceptable citizenship would only be possible if bona fide corporations deploy their own resources; to monitor unacceptable behavior due to their ac
Introduction: The Plant Church as a New Concept in the Christian Religion Background: The Concept of Volunteering Although the principle of volunteering is rather basic and is supposed to be inherent to all churches, not every religious institution follows it completely. Despite the fact that altruism is supposed to make the foundation of the Christian religion, most churches overlook volunteering as an essential component of their operations. As a result, their performance is not as efficient in terms of promoting the spiritual well-being of the community as it should be. The phenomenon of volunteering is typically defined as the willingness to assist those in need in the context of the Christian religion. In other words, volunteering is based on the traditional set of Christian values, which promote mutual assistance and support among the members of a particular community. In other words, the connection between religion and volunteering is so strong that the two concepts can be viewed as interrelated: “This similarity indicates that the relation between religion and volunteering goes deeper than the empirically demonstrated positive correlation between religion and volunteering and that the perspective of religion can contribute to shedding some light on volunteering as a social phenomenon.” 1 However, the specified principles based on the philosophy of virtue ethics may seem abandoned in the global environment, which can be defined as extremely competitive and, therefore, making one focus on one’s personal needs instead of the well-being of others and the needs of the community). Herein the significance of creating the project that will help the representatives of the Christian community to return to the Christian values, in general, and the significance of the family ties, in particular, lies. Plant Church Definition The lack of volunteering clearly is one of the major problems of the contemporary Christianity. Herein the significance of Plant Church lies. The specified organization is supposed to be based on volunteering; more importantly, the Plant Church will incorporate the principle of volunteering into the community. In other words, it will plant the seeds of altruism, social and re
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review the literary style used by the feminist author Sandra Cisneros. Cisneros is one of the female writers who has expressed dissatisfaction with the American social system, especially due to racial segregation, poverty, economic and gender inequalities. Her poetic approach, use of vignettes and the Spanish language in her books ‘The House on a Mango Tree’ and ‘Caramelo’ indicates a unique style that makes them easy to read and understand. this paper reviews the use of literary style by examining the use of these approaches in the two books. Introduction Born in 1954, Sandra Cisneros grew up in her Chicago neighborhood. That area, at that time she was growing up, was ridden with poverty, gender and economic inequalities. (Doyle, 2004). Her early experiences probably explain why she uses literary works to investigate before mentioned social issues. In her books ‘The House on a Mango Stree
In the introductory part of this book, Elie is introduced as a teenage boy. During this period, Elie’s teacher, warned the Jewish residents about the future plan by Hitler to destroy the Jews communities (Wiesel 4). Initially, everyone thought that the teacher was psychologically disturbed. A few months after his warning, Gestapo forced the Jewish communities into the ghettos. During the following months, more Jews were forcefully turned out of their homes into the concentration camps by the Nazi fundamentalists. During this horrifying process, Elie and his father were separated from the rest of their family. According to the book, Elie detailed that this was his last time he had ever seen some of his family members. Through this book, Elie argued that life in the concentration camps shaped his destiny (Wiesel 7). This paper seeks to analyze Elie’s experiences in the concentration camps, and focuses on how the holocaust changed his life. The book illustrates that before the attacks on the Jewish communities, Elie spent his childhood learning Jewish religious traditions. As such, his mother taught his many Judaism teachings. After the attack, Elie’s life changed completely. According to the book, experiences in the concentration camps changed his life as a Jew and as a man (Wiesel 56). The book notes that when the Jews were forced into the concentration camps, Elie and his family remained calm and obeyed every directive from their oppressors. During their first day in the camp, Jews population increased with each passing hour. With an increase in the population, situations in the camp worsen. They were forced to live on minimal food and water. Further the book provides details on the third day, when the camps were filled with horrifying flames and stinking burnt flesh of those who had been killed by the German soldiers. During the same day, the author’s mother and his three little sisters disappeared from the camp, and Elie and his father had an emotional trauma due to this. The author says that he continuously feared that his family members could have been killed. After losing his mother and sisters, Elie remained with his father who later died of dysentery. All through these experiences, Elie was emotionally affected. In the camps, the Jews were physically affected by the poor living conditions. The book reveals that before the horrific experiences, the Jews were healthy. However, a few months after the attack, the Jews became emaciated. These conditions were escalated by the little food and water offered in the camps. Elie asserts that the quality and the amount of the food they gave him in the camps made him weak. Similarly, the author attributes their change in healt
Executive Summary The case concerns the Green Fingers garden centre in Kingston, which is set to open in three months. The report focuses on the development of a reward strategy suitable for the company’s internal and external environment. Research showed the importance of supporting high-quality customer service among staff, thus suggesting the relevance of the strategic and total reward approaches to reward planning. The suggested base pay structure takes into account workforce specifications and provides guidelines on setting pay ranges and midpoints. Additionally, recommendations on bonuses, pensions, and other benefits are provided. By implementing the recommendations from the report, the centre will be able to attract and retain competent employees, thus achieving high performance outcomes. Introduction The case study focuses on a new company that is a chain of garden centres in the United Kingdom. The shop in Kingston is set to open in three months and will include both a garden centre and an on-site cafe. To succeed in this context, the organisation will need to attract skilled workers and motivate them to provide high-quality service to customers. One of the main components of a human resources strategy that could help to address these goals is reward management. Hence, the present report will seek to analyse the information in the case study and supporting sources and provide a list of recommendations on reward management. The objectives of the report are to analyse the environmental and organisational context in which the company exists and propose a reward strategy, including base pay, variable pay, benefits and non-financial rewards. Analysis Environmental Context In order to analyse the environmental context in which the organisation operates, it is essential to gather data on the garden industry and the labour market in the United Kingdom. A report from Oxford Economics to the Ornamental Horticulture round Table Group provides an accurate representation of the industry. Based on the figures, the contemporary garden industry enjoys stable growth, and thus the garden centre has a high potential for growth and profitability. According to the authors, over half of adults in the United Kingdom engage in some form of gardening in their leisure time (Ismail and Tran, 2018). It is estimated the UK households spent about £7.5 billion on garden goods in 2017, with an average household spending of over £150 annually (Ismail & Tran, 2018). Based on these data, there is a stable demand for garden products. Another important source for review is the Horticultural Trades Association, which provides data about existing industry players and consumer trends. HTA (2020) estimated number that there are about 2,300 garden centres in the United Kingdom. Although this suggests moderately high competition in this sector, new players can still succeed in the market by covering new geographic areas and offering high-quality products. The two largest customer groups in this market are elders and seniors, who constitute a combined 46% of garden retail spending in the United Kingdom and represent 14% and 17% of the country’s households, r