ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction While the development of modern technologies brings some advantages, it also has some drawbacks. The utilization of self-driving cars by Uber can serve as an excellent example of the negative impact of technologies on humans’ lives. The use of automated cars by Uber led to several accidents that resulted in the death of one of the pedestrians in Arizona. Consequently, Arizona’s governor has suspended Uber’s ability to test self-driving cars in the state (Johnson & Fitzsimmons, 2018). When a car accident takes place, it is necessary to apply to legislation to reveal the guilty party and impose penalties through the court system. In this essay, the information about the courts where Uber could be sued, and factors that should be considered in deciding what court to sue will be discussed. Also, government organizations that may be involved in the investigations and how their actions may affect the litigation will be identified. Main Objectives There are four primary state courts in Arizona, namely, Arizona Supreme Court, Arizona Court of Appeals, Arizona Superior Courts, and Justices for Peace. There is a federal court in Arizona as well, which is called the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. Traffic cases are heard in the Justice of the Peace Courts, which also have jurisdiction over misdemeanor crimes, collection cases, and more (“Types of courts,” 2020). Another court that may consider car accidents is the Magistrate Court (City of Municipal Court). If the decision of mentioned courts does not satisfy all parties of the judicial process, it is possible to apply to the Arizona Supreme Court and the Arizona Court of Appeals. They are called as the courts of last resort because they review decisions made in other legal institutions. The primary factors that should be taken into account when deciding in what court to sue include the type of an accident and courts’ jurisdiction. In addition, the costs for filing a claim should be considered, as the sum may vary in different courts. It is also necessary to know what type of claim should be filed. In the described case, a personal injury claim is the best option. It refers to the situation when a human being was injured or killed as a result of a wrongful act of another person (State Bar of Arizona, 2020). Being aware of the mentioned factors will help the claimant to choose the right court. The primary U.S. government agencies that investigate civil transportation accidents are the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). These organizations often conduct analyses of car accidents in collaboration. For example, when a crash that involved a Tesla car and a fire truck occurred in California, two agencies investigated the driver and vehicle factors to examine the situation (“2 federal agencies investigate Tesla crash,” 2018). E
Introduction The beginning of the twentieth century was marked by major tumultuous changes. World War 1 and the Russian Revolution greatly influenced how people understood the world. The findings of Freud and Einsten, as well as the technological innovations of the Machine Age, registered distinctively new ‘modernist’ modes of feeling and perception. In cultural terms, more transformed human awareness was progressed by the publication of books that defined the modernist sensibility. The early twentieth century art movements effectively depict this new mind-set. One of these is the cultural movement called Surrealism. The French poet, Andre Breton, initiated it in 1924. This art and literary movement grew in Europe between The First World War and the Second World War. Surrealism sprang out of the previous Dada movement. It was a way of life that most artists tried to escape their disparities by adopting the Sigmund Freud theories. The Beginnings and growth of Surrealism Dadaism developed nearly at the same time in Zurich, New York, and Paris during the First World War. It further made appearance in Germany before concentrating in France. It flourished from 1966 to 1922. With the aim of ridiculing what its adherents regarded to be the worthlessness of the modern world, it promoted anti-war and anti-art works (De la Croix and Tansey, 705). Many people joined the movement since they disputed the bourgeois nationalist and colonialist interests. This is because many of them believed they were the major causes of the First World War. Therefore, the Dadaists conveyed their denunciation of the ideology using artistic expressions. These expressions appeared to reject the reason and logic of bourgeois capitalist society, which resulted in the First World War. In general, the Dadaists embraced chaos and irrationality. The movement of Dada was anti-art since anything for which art stood, it depicted as opposite (“Dada and Surrealism, para.1). This was an attempt by the Dadaists to purify art by mocking it. This made the proponents of this movement to develop pieces that were very playful and teasing. For example, Marcel Duchamp developed a popular portrait of the Mona Lisa having a mustache. Nearly every Dada piece arouses a reaction, which was the intended objective since the movement hoped to annihilate all the traditional elements of culture and aesthetics. Despite existing for a short time, Dadaism left an enduring legacy to contemporary art, advertising and the social order, and if it were not present, it is unli
Promoting a new product in the realm of the globalized economic environment is a complicated task. Not only does the producing company have to come up with a strategy for attracting rather numerous audience with a range of unique demands, but also to compete with a number of powerful competitors, who have already established themselves within the realm of the market in question and, thus, are practically invincible. Herein the necessity for introducing a specific platform for the product promotion lies. It is crucial that the target audience should notice the product immediately and recognize it among an increasingly large number of similar products. In addition, it is imperative that the promotion campaign should convince people in the outstanding qualities of the drink, therefore, making it possible for the drink to survive even in the process of competing with such giants as Red Bull, Monster and other brand names (USA top selling energy drink brands, 2014). Among the key objectives, an increase in sales and the consequent rise in the company’s net revenues should be listed first. This is the key goal, which the creation of a new brand was supposed to help achieve. As far as the objectives regarding the brand in question are concerned, it will be imperative that the introduction of the product into the global market should trigger at least a 10% increase in the amount of the company’s customers. Another obvious objective, which must be listed among the key goals of the branding, the design of an adequate advertisement strategy, which will appeal to the general audience and at the same time cost comparatively little money, should be designed. Finally, it is imperative that the brand in question should be advertized via both traditional and modern media (Gherasim, Gherasim & Vasiloaia, 2012). In fact, the emphasis should lie on the latter, since the significance of IT and modern media is getting increasingly huge (Friat & Fuat, 2013); therefore, it can be assumed that, promoted via social networks and directly to the customers via e-mail messages (Meng, 2010), the product will become recognizable much faster than it will be once advertized on billboards and public transport. Living in the fast lane means adjusting to the environment of the modern fast changing world. For those, who feel that they have slackened their pace in this unceasing chase for innovations, a new energy drink has been designed – our brand product will keep our customers in pace with the contemporary world and quicken their pulse! An energy drink, easily distinguishable from a range of others, our brand product will keep our customers fresh and ready for new experiences. The energy drink suggested has a unique taste and outstanding quality. It is produced in two variations, a traditional one and its diet (sugarless) version. The drink contains no GMO and is absolutely safe for consumption for everyone over three years old. As it has been stressed above, the drink does not have any particular age restriction. Therefore, the target audience that the company embraces ranges fr
Drug use has always been identified with marginalized populations and treated as a threat to public order rather than an issue of public health. This perception has led to its criminalization and prohibition rather than prevention and treatment (Roberts 110). In the 1970s, Richard Nixon launched the war on drugs (Crandall 144). Marijuana and heroin were categorized as Schedule 1 drugs with the harshest punishments of any controlled substances. Nixon’s domestic policy chief John Ehrlichman admitted these drugs were purposefully publicly associated with the “antiwar left and black people” as a pretext to “disrupt those communities” (Baum). In 1984, Reagan increased federal penalties for drug possession and launched the advertising campaign “Just Say No”, propagating the idea that drug addiction results from individual failure. Crack cocaine, used mostly by African Americans, was heavily criminalized compared to powder cocaine used by the low-income white population. Drugs were presented as a moral threat to American culture but were actually used as a tool of social control, specifically targeting low-income minorities. Recently, people have begun questioning the narrative around drug addiction and the effectiveness of government prevention measures. After forty years and a trillion dollars, the volume of drugs in the United States has remained relatively the same (Crandall 321). Overdose deaths have increased by 137%, and ballooning incarceration rates disproportionally represent black, Latino, and low-income populations (Crandall 320-321). In 2012, Latin American officials denounced the United States’ military counter-supply strategies for “creating havoc in their fragile democracies” (Crandall 324). Given the financial burden and lack of results, the consensus is that the war on drugs has brought more damage than good. I believe Portugal’s progressive drug policy should serve as an example to our legislature. In 2000, Portugal decriminalized all hard and soft drugs at the recommendation of a panel of experts formed to combat the heroin epidemic. “Problematic users” decreased by half, and the number of people seeking treatment increased by 60% (Crandall 323). Clearly, decriminalization effectuates a positive change. Drug possession is still illegal on a federal level, but state laws are beginning to favor a more compassionate method similar to Portugal. Organizations such as the Drug Policy Alliance advocate legislative reforms, for instance, sterile syringe access, establishing supervised consumption services, and drug checking. Several states have adopted the 911 Good Samaritan Law that allows people to receive emergency medical care without fear of arrest (Jakubowski et al. 233). In 2016, California legalized the possession, cultivation, and sale of marijuana. Tax revenue was rededicated to youth programs, environmental damage clean-up, and public safety. In 2020, Oregon approved Measure 110, the first measure to decriminalize all drugs in the U.S. and use excess marijuana tax revenue to expand drug treatments. At the moment, the recreational use of cann
Introduction The role played by a character in any play defines his or her traits. These roles depend on the themes that the writer wants to discuss throughout the play. The writer could talk about love and compassion, greed and injustice. The theme of the play brings out the main traits of character revealed within the play. A positive theme shows positive traits whereas a negative theme highlights negative ones. Different styles become necessary to help represent better the traits designed for the plays. This essay compares and contrasts the characters of Gatsby and Jean Valjean in the Les Miserable novels and films. Gatsby was a young man whose life got transformed from poverty to riches. He grew up under sheer impoverished circumstances as a young boy but became extremely wealthy. He should be about thirty years old and full of life. Raised from a struggling family, Gatsby desired riches and hated the miserable life his family lived. He became obsessed with seeking shortcuts or a quick way to gain some fortune and wealth. He was eager to get power that came with being wealthy. He hated processes and procedures. He could not keep up at school because he did not see how the school curriculum could get him out of poverty. He dropped out of school barely two weeks after admission because of dissatisfaction with the duties assigned to him at school – janitorial duties. He could not bear the shame of the assigned duties. This was also his only way of paying his school fees. Stopping to do the chores meant that he would have to leave school. That is what he did by expelling himself (Fitzgerald, 2008). Left with no other choice, Gatsby resorted to criminal living. He formed a gang engaging in several organized criminal activities including the sale of illegal brews (alcohol) and stolen securities. The decision by Gatsby to live such a life came as a need to be loved by a lady Daisy Buchanan. The obsession for riches and wealth got fueled by the desire to have this woman as his wife. He wanted to make a great impression on this lady with his wealth and would not give up until he acquired everything he wanted. The lady Daisy was from a rich family with an elegant background. Gatsby lied about his own background in order to prove that he is worth this lady. The writer of the novel, The Great Gatsby , deliberately delays the information about Gatsby’s obsession with lady Daisy until the end of the novel. He presents him rather as a flamboyant man who loved to throw opulent parties at his luxurious mansion. He paints him living a luxurious life surrounded by powerful men and gorgeous women (Bloom, 2010). Jean Valjean is a central character in Les Miserables who became the main figure of love and compassion as highlighted in the Gugo’s trials. He was a criminal whose life got transformed by the deplorable conditions and experiences acquired at the prison. He went into the prison naïve and e
During the world economic crisis between 2008 and 2010, the automotive industry was one of the worst affected and this is obvious in the low sales and massive layoffs that were characteristic to companies operating in the automobile markets (Lafontaine & Morton, 2010). Government intervention and different strategies applied by the players in the automobile market contributed to restoring the performance of the automotive industry (Mishkin, 2011). Nevertheless, the effects of the economic crisis make all industries unpredictable and make it necessary for business analysts to constantly perform forecasts and analysis on market performance. This paper is a forecast of the potential sales performance of AutoNation based on past trends from the last eleven years. Trend AutoNation is a major player in the automotive industry and currently has 2% of the market share. The trend in the automotive industry will be similar to that of AutoNation, which makes it possible to forecast the company’s performance in the next two years. Using the United States’ government’s monthly retail sales survey, the annual performance of the automotive industry was derived. Figure 1 below is a scatter plot that illustrates the sales performance of the automotive industry in the last eleven years. A generally horizontal trend line indicates that the automotive industry is remaining flat with some seasonal growths and deeps, which can be observed in the repeated peaks and valleys. Figure 1: Sales in million of dollars The economic recession from 2008 to 2010, the growth in automotive sales since 2010, and the seasonal buying behavior of consumers are some factors that have shaped the trend line. Yearly Patterns Figure 2: AutoNation Sales in Millions Figure 2 above is the trend line for AutoNation sales in the last eleven years and a slight upward pattern can be observed. The peaks and valleys are seasonal and are seen to repeat annually in the same months. Seasonal influences such as low car sales during the summer (from June to September), increase in consumer spending after-tax rebates (from February to March), and end of year sales (from October to December) all have yearly effects on the trend line. Annually, a negative deep can be observed during the summer period when consumers spend most on other products, and a positive deep can be observed during the Christmas holidays and after-tax rebates when consumers spend on luxury products. Linear Forecast The results of the linear forecasts are presented in the Excel sheet attached to this document. Using linear regression, the results show that there will be continuous growth in the average sales of AutoNation’s products for the next two years. These sales will follow the same peak and valley patterns that were seen in the previous figures. Time on GDP Forecast In the linear forecast, the ‘years’ and the ‘months’ were used as the dummy variables. The GDP recorded in the last eleven years can be used to predict the performance of the AutoNation since the GDP represents the total sales recorded in the country. The Excel document attached to this report provides details
Introduction The global media is all about money and profit making. Media companies implement diverse strategies in order to expand their operations and the ability to obtain additional profits. Furthermore, the global media strategies for generating profits almost surpass the film industry. The different media such as radio, television, newspapers, and online news sources are presently focusing their attention on huge commercials and advertisements in order to expand their profits. Indeed, most media houses employ marketing professionals who can boost company opportunities to obtain more commercials and advertisements. Media companies also expand their coverage by more targeted approaches such as opening vernacular radio stations in regions where several ethnic languages. The motivation for targeting ethnic groups is two fold; to ensure that they are also informed and to enable media houses increase their audience for profit generation. Much as the global media are in the business of informing the public, they are also focused on expanding their audience and their activities are all about money and profit making. It is notable that the media companies in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE) also generate huge revenue from print media advertising. Media and Society Advertisement and commercials have permeated the media because of the effect they have on the society. The evolution of the media industry has so much to do with the public’s desire for information. It is notable that presently people require information to influence their decisions on a daily basis. People require information about educational institutions, leisure destinations, entertainment, fashion, personal connections, and healthcare among others (Biagi, 2012). The media industry has not disappointed the public. They have packaged their advertisements in a way that meets the information needed by the public. It is noteworthy that the advertisement are presented through the media, which confirms the assertion that global media is all about money and profit making (Biagi, 2012). The advertisements people get from the mass media and interactive broadcasting sources influence daily life activities. The media industry has continued to churn information, which is targeted at the public because people rely the industry. The rate at which people require information about current news has kept the media industry growing (Biagi, 2012). People have confidence in the media for its ability to provide appropriate news, learning opportunities, and entertainment. At the start of the 20 th century, the mass media began exposing people to several advertisements and commercials. The media firms control the information passed to the public in the form of advertisements. The giant media firms control the advertisements because of their expertise (Wo
Slavery in America was entrenched and protected by the Constitution. This made it hard for it to be ended. This is due to the fact that there had to be Constitutional changes to enable its coming to an end. This paper seeks to compare and contrast the role of Abraham Lincoln and the African Americans in bringing slavery to an end in the US. Abraham Lincoln publicly claimed that he was anti-slavery. Lincoln persuaded the Border States that were still in the union to slowly and voluntarily incorporate gradual emancipation of the slaves. In return, the slave owners would be compensated by the government. Through this, it would be possible to end the war that existed between the North and the South. According to James, there were divisions within the government regarding the abolition of the slave trade. This is evident in that they did not want to support the gradual emancipation proposal by the president and they voted it out (p.41). This made Abraham Lincoln be very demoralized. Despite his effort to end slavery in America, Lincoln was still a revolutionary conservatism. This is evident in his proclamation that his main objective in his struggle was to ensure the success of the Union and not bring to an end the slavery in America. His intention to bring slavery to a halt was driven by the belief that it was the only way that he could have saved the Union (James 41). On the other hand, the African Americans were not contented in slavery. Their role in ending slavery was more internally motivated. The slaves were very optimistic. They did not entangle themselves with the federal government conflict between the conservatives who wanted the Constitution to remain and the progressives who were anti-slavery. The slaves realized that they were the central cause of dispute and even the civil war. The determination for freedom amongst the African Americans is evident in that despite their lack of public voice, weapons, and political standing they did lose their focus. They took advantage of opportunities that arose due to conflicts between the Americans. According to Berlin et al., the African Americans demonstrated loyalty to the federal government in a time when there were wrangles in the government (p.417). This gradually brought to an end every policy by the Union that did not incorporate the principle of universal emancipation. The government was forced to adopt policies that compromised its sovereignty. This shows that it was the determination of the African Americans that resulted in their gaining of freedom from slavery. The conflicts within the government resulted in the incorporation of the proposal by Lincoln regarding gradual emancipation with the integration of African Americans within the army. The slaves were freed reluctantly from the North. This was mainly due to military necessity as a result of the civil war. Despite the incorporation of African Americans in the army as the commander in chief of the armed forces did not fight for their positions. This resulted i