ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Wages and salaries increment have significant impacts on the economy. Costco Company has the one best wages and salaries system in the United States business market. Most employees, whether casual or technical have a better salary than in other organizations. The following discussion indulges in the economic effects of high pay rates in Costco Company. Costco Background Information The company provides a broad range of merchandise services to different clients across the market. Costco Company has diversified its market to cover different geographical areas in the global market (Randhawa 13). The company aims to ensure that its products are at a near reach for their consumers, hence improving their shopping experiences. Costco Wholesale Company was opened in 1976, in San Diego. In the beginning, the company only offered wholesale services for small businesses but later increased to other larger organizations, due to the availability of market growth opportunities (Randhawa 19). In 1993, Price Club and Costco merged increasing their market cover hence, generating more sales. The company’s fundamental value is to reduce the cost of doing business and distribute its profits to its members (Randhawa 27). Employee Retention Costco Company is devoted to employees’ welfare, which has resulted in salaries and wages increases of its workers. High pay has various economic benefits for both the company and the employees. The application of this strategy has enabled the company to retain its employees and attract more talents from the labor market. The first economic effect of high compensation is low employees turnover (Thomas 137). Costco’s company policy on improving the employees’ welfare by increasing their salaries has ensured that the rate of workers’ turnover is low. The hiring of new employees is costly for any organization since there are various costs associated with recruitment such as training and orientation fees. A company has to train new employees in the organization’s values and processes to equip them with crucial knowledge of how they should behave for the firm to run its business effectively (Alessandria, George, and Joseph 36). High pay ensures job satisfaction and motivates employees to work harder to retain their positions. An extremely motivated workforce increases its output hence, improving the company’s annual profit. Therefore, high salaries do not only benefit the workers but also the organization since, its sales increase (Western 53). Employees are motivated to work harder since the firm recognizes their efforts. High pay also increases an organization’s power to attract talented individuals in the labor market (Thomas 98). The supply of qualified employees in America is high due to the increased education investment by individuals. However, many organizations are seeking skilled individuals making it necessary for organizations to use attractive means to attract talented individuals in the market. A company can attract talented employees by providing high salaries than other organizations could in the same market (Randhawa 219). Eligib
The fast development of modern technology could not pass by the area of education, one of the most important social institutions of today. The phenomenon of the wide and comprehensive introduction of computerized technology in the process of education is known as virtual schooling. The development of the latter is rather notable as “some 40,000 to 50,000 students in 37 states are enrolled in virtual schools, according to the US Department of Education” (Paulson, 2004). Virtual schooling is a rather broad term that encompasses several varieties of computerized education: “The term can refer to anything from the occasional specialized class taken online by a traditional high school student to all-day charter schools” (Paulson, 2004). Drawing from this, the influence of virtual schooling on the educational curricula is rather substantial, and this paper focuses on the interrelation of computerized technology introduction and curriculum transformations i
Introduction Enron Corporation was an energy supplying company located in Houston, Texas. The company was incorporated in 1985 through a merger between Houston Natural Gas and Omaha-based Inter North companies (Gwilliam and Jackson 240). Since its formation, the company improved tremendously to become the largest supplier of gas in the United States. However, the company lost its popularity as the world’s supplier of natural gas following huge losses due to wrong decisions made by its managers and it was forced to bankruptcy into 2001(Moriceau 788). The company employed over 20,000 employees and it maintained a record of being the most innovative company in the US for six consecutive years just before its bankruptcy (Gwilliam and Jackson 248). Allegedly, the managers conducted business unethically and they were accused of fraudulent acts. It is alleged that the management colluded with the company’s auditors to defraud the company. This paper will analyze the reasons for the Enron’s failure and the legislations imposed thereafter in response to the issue. The paper will also analyze the effectiveness of the legislations in averting similar cases in the US. What the company and/or its officers were doing, or not doing, that led to its collapse One of the reasons that led to the fall of Enron was fraudulent acts by the executives, which caused the company huge losses (Moriceau 787). The management colluded with Andersen, the company’s auditors, to defraud the corporation, thus making it hard for investors and shareholders to detect the malpractices. Andersen received huge amounts of money in return for such manipulations. In addition, the company used the ‘mark to market accounting’ principle that allowed the recognition of profits from contracts before they are actually earned (Culpan and Trussel 65). The profits were determined through estimation and they were included in the company’s profit and loss account. Such recognition of unearned profits led to overstatement of earnings before interest and tax. The company did not report losses resulting from such contracts later on when they occurred. The company estimated a profit of $110 million from a contract given to it by Blockbuster Video in 2000 (Moriceau 794). The contract was to take a period of 20 years to complete and the company distributed the amount over the period so that a profit of $5.5 million dollars was shown in the company’s financial statements every year (Gwilliam and Jackson 251). The project later turned to be a failure and Blockbuster Company cancelled the contract. The profits were recognized in the company’s profit and loss account over the remaining period even though it was not actually earned. The recognition of profits before they were earned provided an incentive to managers to embezzle funds and cover it with such nonexistent profits. The other possible reason for the failure of the company is the incongruence of shareholders and managers’ interests (Moriceau 789). According to the agency
Introduction In the Roman law, the man is recognized as the head of the household owning the entire property under the family’s name. He has authority over his progeny regardless of their age in the family a provision offered by the law. In the view of Roman law, dominance of the men is conspicuously observed in the family setup living their female counterparts with minimum attention with regards to property and authority. Women are full household members although they are considered subordinate to the men. The sole responsibility of a woman was considered to be that of bearing and raising children (Lewis and Ibbetson, p. 163). This research sets to look at the possible reasons that influenced the Roman legal authorities to allow legal redress for passed-over heirs and how they managed to balance between the testators and the heirs. Law on heirs In the Roman law, one was allowed to write a will indicating how he or she would wish his or her property to be inherited after his or her demise. The role of the will basically was to appoint an heir to succeed a testator after death (Frier and Thomas, p. 385). The will however was always received with some challenges owing to various decisions that prompted the need for a legal redress. This mainly happened when some beneficiaries were overlooked in the process of writing the will. The disparity surrounding the will is more intricate when it comes to defining who is a real heir and who deserves what amount of property (Frier and Thomas, p. 385). The “actio communi dividundo” Roman law, recognizes any lawsuit filed by a co-owner or heir of a common property. It allows for legal redress to challenge the division of property when a testator is seen to have acted unfairly towards a close member of the family. Legal authorities, having considered the natural shortcomings involving the division of property, had to allow and provide for legal solution on such circumstances. Land is a good example for such disparities. Disputes It is impossible when dividing a portion of land among the heirs to receive portions of equal value as inheritance. This is a question that has in the past caused dissatisfaction and can never be put to rest unless a legal solution is realized. Roman authorities knew this and they had to come up with a way to deal with such complains. Off course using the above example land may not attract the same value when allocated to different heirs. Consequently, some may feel like they were treated unfairly regarding the will (Frier and Thomas, p. 386). In such a case, the legal decision is to have the beneficiary with the piece that has more value to pay a certain amount to the one whose piece is of lower value. This makes the division equal to both parties. Another situation that would cause a dispute is when co-heirs are dissatisfied with the distribution of property. Co-heirs can choose to agree on not to divide their property to share control. However, one heir can insist for division of the property and the court will oblige.
Introduction In planning a course, we suggested that most teachers have a choice of three basic methods of instruction. These are mass, group, and individualized. Within each category, teachers have a wide choice of delivery methods. This instruction can be delivered in many ways such as distance learning, flexible learning, resource-based learning, mastery learning, computer-based instruction, or interactive video. We also advised the teachers on factors to consider when choosing delivery methods. These factors include the number of learners, type of support you have available, the type of educational environment you are working in, the physical design of the learning environment, the funds available to develop the course and the learning environment, the funds available to develop the course and the administrative environment. This is a comprehensive model that covers both educational theory and immediate classroom implementation. According to (Bobbi, 2000). This delivery method consists of using teacher movers that capture the interest and attention of the students. Experience this is a small common experience among learns that helps them relate and can be used to build new contacts. The demonstration is an attribute helping students demonstrate applying their new learning. Lastly, review and reflect, it empowers student process their new content rice reflection. This delivery method enables students to read and revise properly for exams to avoid failure. It also enables students to be effective lifelong learners responsible for their education. The research agenda for library instruction of information literacy This is a delivery method that is divided into a section of the leaner, teaching of organizational context and assessment. These areas pose general questions according to encourage the interest of students in which it emphasizes academic accountability of the evolving education rate for libraries. This skill gained help students learn how to use library resources to revise or even write papers. They would help them in reading to improve students. According to (Dick, Carry 1996) training is a delivery method. It is divided into two categories:   * Synchronous learning – here real-time instructor-led online learning events in which all participants are available at the same time and they can communicate directly with each other.   * Asynchronous learning is learning in which interaction between leader and students occurs intermittently with no live sessions or fixed meeting times. It is suitable for students with busy schedules examples of synchronous and asynchronous delivery methods. Physical classroom in which all instructors teaches a room of students. Virtual classroom In the online learning space where students and instructors interact in live streaming, the instructor’s lectures are digitally encoded and distributed over the network in real-time. Class members can wat
Introduction Financing and managing megaprojects have always been challenging tasks for their developers. The two recent examples of the megaprojects that had been designed to be successful but turned out to be actual failures according to the rates of the return on equity (ROI) are The Central Artery/Tunnel Project, also known as the Big Dig, in Philadelphia, and the Eurotunnel Project developed to connect Great Britain with the rest of the continental Europe (Kendall and Rollins, 2003, p. 22). This paper analyzes the two projects and offers a management process potentially able to boost the ROI figures for the Big Dig and the Eurotunnel. Case Summary Big Dig’s and Eurotunnel’s Difficulties Thus, the two main points that complicated the completion of the Big Dig project included the inability of the developers to carry out the proper and valid cost estimation procedure and the failure of the project contractors to provide the necessary materials in time when the construction was commenced. As a result, the total cost of the project grew by $1.13 billion, which is a considerable sum for the project of such a scope (Kendall and Rollins, 2003, p. 19). The Eurotunnel project, on the other hand, seemed to be a complete success at the time of its development and completion but the following years manifested it’s being a failure in respect of return on investment (Kapka, 2006, p. 8). Drawing from this, both projects obviously experience problems with the program management and require new processes to be implemented to provide ROI growth within a reasonable period of time. Program Management Processes Suggested According to the issues discussed in relation to the Big Dig and the Eurotunnel projects, the following two project management processes can be recommended. Thus, to increase the ROI rates for the Big Dig and the Eurotunnel projects the developers should implement the two steps required by the Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century (TEA-21) (Kendall and Rollins, 2003, p. 4). First, every company dealing with a megaproject like the two discussed in this paper has to annually trace the changes in the initially agreed funding scheme for the project. Therefore, for the Big Dig developers not to be taken aback by the additional cost of $1.13 billion that accumulated for their project as a result of inflation and market changes between 2000 and 2005, it is recommended to implement such a tracing program. The developers of the Eurotunnel project should also follow the developments of the rates of return on investment their project has to be ready to react to any changes occurring. Second, according to the TEA-21, the developers of both the B
A social class influences identity and values of every person. At the structural level, a social class encompasses not only productive relations but also the sphere of circulation and market positions; and at the levels of consciousness and action, it encompasses ethnicity, religion, status, etc., and the spheres of consumption and distri­bution as well as work and politics (Eitzen & Johnston, 2007). Thesis A social class position determines the social identity of a person and influenced his/her values, traditions, education opportunities, and life expectations. A social class provides the child with a sense of identity, a set of values, and the motivational base for his later actions, while the school provides him with the knowledge and skills necessary to accomplish the goals he seeks. To see the contributions of these two agencies as purely additive, however, would be an oversimplification, because family and school interact. The values and motives the child acquires within the social class provide a basis for his identity. The degree to which he wants and sees the importance of what the school has to offer depends largely on what he has learned in the family (Eitzen & Johnston, 2007). The child’s response to the class and identity is thus very clearly influenced by his experience in the family (Pigeon, 2001). The social context in which a child is reared is a potent influence on the kinds of experience he will have, he becomes increasingly able to select from within that context those experiences which he finds rewarding. Outcomes thus influence contexts and expectations as well as the reverse. Critics question the degree to which identity is associated with the position in the stratification system. There is a strong tendency for the child to adopt the view of his class (middle or working-class) that is dominant in the larger society. It is apparent that most working-class children do not like this position, and evidence of low self-esteem and even a hostile rejection of self is widely reported (Eitzen & Johnston, 2007). Because such a view of the low-class location and oneself as a low-class person is developed very early, it is not learned from the society at large. It is the result of his experience in his family and his immediate (usually wholly working-class) neighborhood. The view of the role of social class in socialization suggests that there is an interplay between the formative experiences of the child, what others expect of him, and what he becomes. The latter not only is an outcome but is an active element in the process from the beginning. What the child becomes is not a simple function of what people expect him to be (Birdsall and Graham, 2000). Although expectations are important influences on the self-other experiences of the child, and although those expectations are influenced by his social class position, his behavior at one point in time will also influence what is expected of him at a future point. For instance, lower-class parents
Introduction Bio plastics also have several serious shortfalls. For example, bio plastics production is often more energy intensive than petro plastic production due in large part to the need for agricultural inputs, in addition to the actual plastic processing. It only comes out ahead in the life cycle analysis because the petroleum feed stocks of petro plastics are included in the energy calculations. Another example is that bio plastics cost more than petroleum-based plastics, although, the price difference between petro plastics and bio plastics can largely be attributed to the immaturity of the bio plastics industry. Lower prices for bio plastics are expected in the near future. It is debatable whether consumers would be willing to shoulder the extra cost as observed by Goshal & Barlette (1997). The discussion starts on looking at various aspects of plastics, levels of concentration and the impacts it has on the country. Aspects of various Plastics Kevlar Kevlar is a well-known polymer fabric noted for its strength. It is used in body armor and high-end sports equipment. It is also used in tires, brakes, and composite materials. Kevlar’s str
Introduction Marketing professionals all over the world are constantly adjusting their business strategies to reach out to the ever-changing demands and needs of customers (Lamarre, Galarneau, and Boeck 2012, p. 1). With the modern day shift to adoption of media services in the concept of marketing, Khalifa and Shen (2008, p. 112) opine that mobility is rapidly becoming an ordinary way of life. Innovative business mind-sets that have effectively incorporated e-commerce in their marketing strategies view mobile social media marketing as the next best exhilarating business prospect that will enable businesses to relate to their customers successfully through new communication channels (Lamarre, Galarneau, and Boeck 2012, p. 1). Mobile social media marketing differentiates itself from other marketing mediums such as newspapers, radio, and television. This arguably is due to its highly interactive nature supplied by web browser advantages and mobile device interfaces that make it possible to offer continuous access to prospective customers (Davis and Sajtos 2009, p. 16). These rare advantages effectively suffice as one of the most robust, dynamic, and personal mediums that continue to shape modern day marketing in all corners of the world (Jadhav, Kamble, and Patil 2012, p. 45). Mobile social media marking has the ability to integrate several forms of mobile device technology and practices such as the Internet, VoIP, mobile SMS, the Bluetooth, mobile e-mail, as well as concepts such as SMS marketing, mobile gaming, mobile advertising, and location based marketing (Lamarre, Galarneau, and Boeck 2012, p. 2). Why the shift towards mobile marketing As Lamarre, Galarneau, and Boeck (2012, p. 2) note, Mobile social media marketing taps abundantly into the massive reservoir of potentials that cut mobile service provision across the globe. These provisions have become used commonplace with consumers of all ages and by customer personal mobile interfaces. In recent times, mobile social media marketing has been comprehensively discussed in modern day marketing ventures and has passed the test of management philosophy pigeonholed on its practices, principles, and strategies that underscores its consistent quality delivery. Of much consideration has been the increased employees involvement, employee empowerment, top management commitment, benchmarking, team spirit, rewards and recognitions, quality leadership, consistent feedback mechanism and a healthy liaison between companies and consumers, as well as between businesses and their suppliers (Jadhav, Kamble, and Patil 2012, p. 45). Most of the research on mobile social media marketing has majored in the manufacturing sector. Lately, however, they have spread over the service industry and public administration, each of which has proved to have travelled a robust trajectory towards the empowerment of e-commerce (Abbass and Akram 2010, p 30). The advancements in the service sector, therefore, have o