ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Depression and anxiety are conditions that are not easily identifiable, and one has to take keen measures to come up with an appropriate intervention plan for individuals experiencing this disorder (Wang & Gorenstein, 2013). Different screening tools can be used to screen for anxiety and depression. As a medical practitioner handling Ms. Lansing’s case, I would adopt the Beck depression and anxiety rating scale to understand her condition better. Ensuring effective medication compliance will enable Ms. Lansing to appropriately deal with her condition to prevent negative effects on pharmacological interventions for depression and anxiety. Conducting routine visits also allows me to know how Ms. Lansing is coping with her treatment and determine whether the intervention plan adopted is effective. After learning that Ms. Lansing is using St. John’s Wort to intervene for her condition together with the prescribed anti-depressant drugs, I would advise and educate her on the drug-to-drug relations, and the various complications brought about by combining St. John’s Wort with other medications. Serotonin and Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are majorly known for their significant impact on treating depression and anxiety. The recommended drug also helps in treating individuals suffering from chronic pain, which affects their wellbeing. The metabolism for this drug requires a clear understanding of the drug-drug relations and the adverse effects that the inhibitors might bring about. SNRIs are always administered in the form of tablets which are advisable that the patient begins with the lowest dosage possible to observe the performance of the drug, which is taken for approximately four weeks. Before administering SNRIs to the patient, I will ensure that I have a great understanding of the patient’s treatment history to help avoid the negative implications of drug-to-drug relations during the intervention process. Acquiring in-depth information about the patient’s herbal pretreatment will also help in reducing clinical risks associated with the medication. Some of the major adverse effects of using Serotonin and Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors to treat depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and other mood disorders include nausea, patient experience dryness in the mouth, and too much sweating, and development of poor eating habits. Other dangerous impacts of using this medication also entail increased blood pressure and liver problems. Conducting proper patient education will also help in dealing with and understanding how to use the medication effectively. Reference Wang, Y., & Gorenstein, C. (2013). Assessment of depression in medical patients: A systematic review of the utility of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Clinics , 68 (9), 1274–1287. Web.
Tiptop computers’ limited is a private limited company that deals with manufacturing and repairing of computers. Tiptop computer limited has the capacity to accept orders from other manufacturing companies or from individual persons, as it has a well skilled labor force, which is not fully utilized for future expansion, modern machines and high technology capacity. Before committing to accept any given order, various issues have to be looked at and serious decisions must be made. For instance, the company has been awarded an order to manufacture and assemble 100,000 units of a special type of printers called ‘power boost printer’ which should be delivered in a period of seven months. Before the management made the final decision, either to take or refuse the order, it has to evaluate various financial factors such as the direct wages, supervision expenses, overhead cost which includes machine and general expenses, machine depreciation cost, materials cost among other expenses. For the printers to be made and completed on time various services should be provided. Services such as labor, machine hours, raw materials, time and space should be provided. Whether the contract is adopted or not, some factors will still have to be maintained and paid for. As there is no need to purchase new machine in order to perform the contract, labor and machine cost remains as non-relevant costs as they will not affect the decision made, this is because they will not increase the cost of running the company in any way. Cost of purchasing raw materials and opportunity cost will be relevant cost; this is because for the company to produce the printers, it has to incur the cost of purchasing materials needed. The amount of mone
Abstract Good communication to all stakeholders is essential for successful implementation of projects. There are different types of communication techniques such as E-communication and interpersonal network. In the communication process, it is paramount to know what type of audience you are addressing because personal preference influences communication needs. In addition, locations and cultural background influence the way of project communications. During meetings, project managers give performance reporting to stakeholders, which give an overview of how key players will use resources to achieve the project objectives. Stakeholders are significant in project implementation. Project managers must work and understand various stakeholders. They must have the skills to identify and resolve conflicts. What prompted the County Health Department’s strategy in implementing the EMR system? The County Health Department faced a grave problem in that its customers’ health information chart system was becoming outdated and therefore unproductive. This is what prompted the County Health Department to plan in using the EMR system. Moreover, the department had not integrated the system and employees spent so much time recording clients’ information since they did it manually. Consequently, clients spent so much time in the waiting room. This problem was a threat to Peter’s job and it prompted him to find its solution from his colleagues. The EMR has many advantages and one of them is to enhance the rendering of medical services and minimizes expenses. In addition, the EMR if implemented would satisfy the demands of the stakeholders. By using EMR, information is stored in computer, which is secure and easy to retrieve as compared to paper. EMR links different departments into one making it easy for the employees to access clients’ information regardless of where they are. The EMR is not limited to County Health Department but any other provider will view clients’ health information from other clinics. How significant was Peter’s announcement of the EMR implementation project? Peter’s announcement was important because it was a big task and venture. This project was vital because of its power in enhancing the rendering of health services while minimizing costs. In addition, it was safe and user friendly. This investment involved key players like the State Community Health Information Network (SCHIN), Care Willamette, state, federal, and clinical resources who acted as the link in accessing the fund of the three-year project approximated to cost millions of dollars. This partnership among different key players would let the County minimize costs on the EMR and acquire the license. This project when completed would give data of different regions and states, thus solving the problem of getting healthcare services for insured and under-insured inhabitants. If successful, the EMR would finish the third pha
Introduction The issue of drug addiction and abuse bothers a number of people around the whole world today. Many people cannot comprehend that the pharmacology of such drugs as heroin makes people addictive and unable to think logically with time. The questions of heroin legalization are open in different countries from time to time and cause a number of dilemmas (Moreno 2012). On the one hand, heroin legalization may lead to the reduction of corruption, the improvement of the tax system, and even the prevention of HIV transmission. On the other hand, its legalization may result in serious addictions, the development of crime syndicates, and the possibility to be abused anywhere and anytime (Ghosh, 2010). Drug addiction and abuse are the issues that have to be discussed and analyzed from different aspects to make sure that the policy change and offered practices can work effectively to reduce the number of problems and deaths caused by the heroic epidemic and the possibility to use Narcan. Legislation In Michigan, as well as in other American states, heroin and the majority of serious drugs are illegal under all federal and state laws and have to be controlled by the five different schedules of the Controlled Substances Act that was signed in 1970. The schedules were classified according to such criteria as abuse potential, medical use, and dependence potential (Koob, Arends, & Moal, 2014). Heroin is under the Schedule 1 and identified as the drug without an officially recognized medical use that lacks accepted safety even under medical supervision. It also has a very abuse potential; therefore, it cannot be defined as legal in the USA. Narcan (also known as Naloxone) is one of the applicable medications that can be offered to stop the effects and overdose of heroin or other opioids (Foreman, 2014). Michigan legislators offer to provide its citizens with an opportunity to have access to Naran in pharmacies without a prescri
The issue of determination at the center of this case is whether it is the obligation of an aviation Company that leases airplanes to verify the validity of their client’s pilot licenses. This issue is aptly stated in the arbitration of the case by the Court which asks; “Is the renter of an airplane responsible for the certification and currency of the pilot?” Anderson Aviation Sales Co. is the defendant in the case that is being sued for negligent entrustment of their airplane to Dockery who was their client leading to the death of the plaintiff family. Rule/Applicable Laws The legal rule that should be applied in this case is the doctrine of negligent entrustment. Based on the principles of the common law the elements of “fault” can be applied to determine if the defendant in this case should be liable for the charges. Four rules are applied in various jurisdictions concerning the determination of negligence entrustment cases; contributory negligence rule, modified comparative fault standard, 51-percent-bar-rule, and the pure comparative fault rule. Arizona is one of the States among the 46 or so that rely on pure comparative fault rule in negligence cases which allows a plaintiff to sue for damages despite their contributory acts to the accident; “a plaintiff to recover even if he or she is as much as 99 percent at fault, with damages reduced accordingly”. This is the rule that the Court must rely on in its ruling. Application The law on negligent entrustment was originally designed to address accident claims that resulted from motor vehicle accidents. However, this law has over the years been adopted to apply to aviation laws as well where it has been used to arbitrate aviation accident cases. In a landmark ruling on negligent entrustment that involved an aviation Company, a California court in the case of White v. Inbound Aviation held that “an FBO is not supposed to rent an aircraft to a pilot who the FBO knows isn’t competent to complete the planned flight safely”, the elements of competent in this case can take various forms. This case involved an arbitration of whether the aviation Company should be held responsible for negligence having known full well that the pilot was not experienced to operate aircraft in “mountain flying”, notwithstanding the verification of a valid FAA license that permitted him to fly anywhere. The element that the court relied most in its ruling is the fact that the defendant knew the pilot was not competent to fly in the region that was indicated on the flight plan, but which the defendant chose to overlook anyway. Negligence is defined in law as “conduct that falls below the standards of behavior established by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm”, it is from this definition that the three elements that are prerequisite to negligence cases are based. As such the court must establish that the defendant relation with the plaintiff indicated presence of duty
The public policy that is going to be reviewed in this paper is the monetary policy and the effects the policy has on the budgeting of New York City. Public policy refers to set of legislations adopted by various states to achieve a desired outcome in a given state or city. The public policies are backed by laws for them to be enforced by court of laws and in case one fails to observe them, he or she can be prosecuted. In some countries or states, public policies are entrenched in the constitution. Public policies are formulated to achieve a desired goal in a given country. Some of the desired goals of public policies are to create employment or reduce the level of inflation to those acceptable in the country usually single digit inflation. Public policies are formulated to ensure a certain level of investment is attainted. According to Woodford, 2003, monetary policies are public policies formulated by the Federal Reserve to achieve a certain goal in the economy. Monetary policies are formulated to control the supply of currency in the economy. It is worth noting that the Federal Reserve has a constitution mandate to control the supply of money in the economy. Excess supply of money in the economy leads to inflation. Inflation refers to general increases of prices of services and goods over a period of time. If the supply of money is more than the amount of goods produced in the economy, the prices of goods increases. This is because the purchasing power of residents increases. This causes the demand for goods to go high and since there is no additional products produced to satisfy the demand, prices of goods escalates thus creating inflation. On the other hand, supply of money in the economy is very low; the level of investment goes down as goods produced are not demand. This has a negative effect on the growth of the economy. Thus the Federal Reserve has a responsibility of ensuring that there is optimum supply of money in the economy. This is achieved by the help of monetary policy (Woodford, 2003). During the financial crisis that the world economies experienced in recent past, the role of Federal Reserve was clearly exhibited. The Federal Reserve applied tools of monetary policy to reduce the effect of financial crisis. Financial crisis we experienced recently threatened to collapse our economy. As a matter of fact many people’s livelihood was affected as result and thus Federal Reserve applied monetary policies to arrest the situation. To begin with, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York reduced the base interest rate. The commercial banks borrow money from Federal Reserve which is in turn advanced to the people as credit (Galí, 2008). As a matter of fact Federal Reserve is a lender-of-last r
Introduction ‘Knowing Residents with Dementia’ is a research study conducted by J. Kasin and D.D. Kautz (2007). The aim of the research is to examine and evaluate the kinds of knowledge applied to patients with dementia and used by caregivers in assisted living facilities. The relevance of the critique is to analyze the importance of different kinds of knowledge and their impact on the patience audience. Summary The research is a qualitative study that examines two main types of knowledge: behavior-centered knowledge and person-centered knowledge, and their role in gerontological nursing practice. “This is an explanatory qualitative study using focus groups as the method of data collection” (). The study was based on 5 focus groups and involved 23 caregivers from small and large facilities. Thus, different selection criteria were applied to small and large facilities. This study was based on in-depth personal interviews with a stratified sample. Although time-consuming, this type of interview allowed deeper exploration of key issues. The main unit of analysis was a focus group. Each interview lasted for one hour. Kreuger’s guidelines (2000) were applied to date analyses. “The researchers met during group sessions and identified areas from the interview guides that needed further exploration” (Kasin and Kautz 2007, 33). This research values context-sensitivity, that is, understanding phenomena in all their complexity and within a particular situation and environment. The study analyzes two types of knowledge, behavior-centered and person-centered knowledge, in the focus groups. The research works to eliminate all of the unique aspects of the environment in order to apply the results to the largest possible number of subjects and experiments. Finally, one would expect different contributions to a body of knowledge given the intricate connection between and among the postulates. Each type of knowledge was evaluated and analyzed in relation to the main symptoms of dementia. Four out of five groups used person-centered knowledge. In this study, the knower and the known were interdependent; then there was integrity between how the researcher experienced the participants in the study, how the participants experienced the situation and their participation in it, and how those results were presented (Kasin and Kautz 2007). Using interviews also enabled us to adopt an inductive approach whereby we were not testing part of a theoretical model (deductive reasoning) but identifying patterns in data that might lead to the development of grounded theory based on the actual travel experiences of the women themselves. It was found that the group used behavior-centered consisted of young employees who did not have experience in this sphere. In other groups, person-center
Introduction Public governance is generally regarded as one of the spheres of increased importance for the public sphere and the proper functioning of governmental tools. Originally, the necessity of the properly arranged public governance principles are explained by the fact, that public organizations generally do not have a properly centralized governing board, consequently, the public government practices are aimed to fill this gap and develop the public sector in general, and improve the governing principles of the decentralized sector. The aim of this paper is to analyze the accountability and performance measurement of corporate governance in the public sector of Saudi Arabia, and define all the possible positive and negative sides of the public sector governance, and analyze the theories and models, applied for the governance process. Originally, there is a strong necessity to consider all the possible aspects of public governance and evaluate the formulation setting, and hypothesis, associated with the matters of public sector regulation and activity of the public organizations. Accountability and Performance in Public Sector The public governance sector in Saudi Arabia is generally featured with a clearly defined and robust framework. The fundamental aspects of the public sector, which are included in the governing principles are the following:   * Board committee charters   * Board Orientation and education   * Ethical business conduct principles   * Regular self-assessment (Barret, 2002) Considering the fact, that the public governance sector is originally decentralized, these aspects provide the necessary tools for sector control and regulation. Thus, the aims of these aspects are stated in PriceWaterHouseCoopers (2007) and define the fact that the boards of the public sector should adopt a
Introduction Hospitality has to do with the art of being human. It is the ability and willingness to provide care and receive care. The hospitality industry got established several decades ago to offer relaxation and care – spiritual, social, emotional and physical to those who needed it. Hospitality focuses on the interrelationship between individuals and strangers. It highlights the moral, spiritual, social and financial obligations of the host towards the hosted (Cummings, Kwansa & Sussman, 1998, p.4). The industry got credited with health and fitness issues. One of the booming hospitality businesses is the Sanita Par Aqua – The SPA. The SPA industry has become increasingly popular in the western economy. It has a connotation for quality of life, health and wellness. The current hospital industry landscape The growing awareness of SPA services has increased its global demand. The hospitality industry has made substantial economic gains from the SPA business in the recent past. The goal of the hospitality industry is to meet the diverse needs of its customers. Consumers have varied tastes and preferences which the drivers of the hospitality industry have to consider in their provision of services. The business organization reflects the physical environment, demographic and cultural priorities of the consumers. The management of the industry has grown in professionalism. There is extensive attention given to such matters as cleanliness and neatness, staffing and organization (Barrows and Powers, 2008). The current industry is product focused. Current Global Trends in the hospitality industry There is a global transformation on how the hospitality business becomes implemented. The whole concept guiding the changes has to do with the growing customer care. There is a general shift from focusing on the products to the consideration of the customer needs and brand intensification. The old method of developing products around the customer needs and enthusiastic sales and marketing are becoming irrelevant. The industry is moving to a place where the psychological and emotional needs of the consumers count more. This level of priority goes beyond the traditional focus on the physical needs of the consumers (Andrews, 2007). The marketing strategy is changing rapidly within the hospitality industry. Newer and innovative approaches get adopted to sustain the industry on the cutting edge. This is important for the business because of the new insurgence of gay and lesbian tourism. Old approaches cannot sustain the complexity of marketing needs of gays and lesbians as part of the expanding hospitality industry. The SPA model got much publicity because it has led to increased profitability of the industry. It has led to quality of care and little effect on the ecology. The business legal consent and reputation are on the highest scale. There is more automation in the provision of information and making of service reservations. The SPA concept attempts to get hold of the customers beyond their working and schooling time. This ena