ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Meningococcal disease is a communicable bacterial disease which is attributable to the meningococcus strain ( Neisseria meningitidis ) and can cause death if not treated immediately. Meningococcal bacteria exist in several serogroups which include W-135, A, B, C, and Y. The disease is spread through person-to-person contact especially if a person inhales the respiratory droplets of an infected person. It is a major cause of illness, death as well as disability in developed and developing countries across the world. The disabilities may include mental retardation, speech disorders, paralysis, deafness, as well as, loss of limbs. It exists in three clinical forms which include pneumonia, meningeal syndrome, and septic form. Most susceptible population group Young children especially those aged five years and below are the most vulnerable to the disease. However, it is also common in older children as well as young adults. Young children are the ones who are most at risk due to their waning immunity. It largely affects the individual who lives in high endemic areas or those whose immunity has been waned by other diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Cause of Meningococcal disease The bacteria Neisseria meningitidis resides in the mucosal membrane of the throat as well as the nose, although it does not cause any harm at this point. The World Health Organization (2011) believes that about 5-10% of the world’s population is likely to be asymptomatic carriers. However, in some people, the bacteria may cause the disease by spreading through the bloodstream and therefore causing blood poisoning. The bacteria may also move to the brain, and as a result, cause meningitis. The reasons that cause the bacteria to spread to these parts of the body and cause the disease have not been established. It is these carriers who are significant in the spread of the disease since most infections occur through exposure to asymptomatic carriers. The bacteria spread from person to person through throat secretions as well as respiratory droplets. This happens when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or shares a drinking vessel with a non-infected individual. Climatic factors such as dry seasons as well as dust storms increase its epidemics. One social factor which facilitates its spread is overcrowding which could result from living in an overcrowded house. Meningococcal disease infection is normally introduced into a household through an asymptomatic carrier who is a member of the household. The carriage then spreads to other household me
The problems that Pat did not anticipate to encounter when he took up the new assignment were being unaware that the new community did not speak pure French and different expressions meant different things for different audiences. Pat was not aware of intercultural communication elements of content meaning, identity meaning, relational meaning, interactive situations, and negotiated shared meanings in the new environment (Lewis 23). A typical example is when one of the employees said something that Pat interpreted to be uncomplimentary. Pat did not take his time to listen and use his skills as a leader to understand the meaning of what was communicated. Instead, he registered disgust on his face (Lewis 23). By registering disgust on his face, that showed how unprepared he was to work in an environment with people from different cultural backgrounds when communicating through gestures, word of mouth, or spoken words. Different communication styles mean different things to different people (Chevrier 29). Effective communication is important for people to understand one another and a good leader must listen carefully, hear, reflect on what has been communicated, and respond positively. Pat never understood that communication differs from culture to culture. The company could have prepared Pat to provide leadership and to overco
Introduction The world has been massively influenced by emerging technologies. One of the aspects of technology that has affected human activities is the invention and advancements of the internet. Internet is increasingly becoming a basic need for most individuals and to business units. The role of the internet in the society is becoming more pronounced as it has been realized that it helps in running of the business and running various errands that would have previously demanded one to move from one place to another. According to Lerbinger (2006, p. 89), the internet plays a very important role in the lives of consumers and business units in various ways. The e-marketplace is becoming increasingly relevant in the current society. Many business units are finding it important to embrace the internet in their operations. According to White (2012, p. 59), the internet is becoming a key factor of operation in most business units. These business units are finding it easier managing their operations using the internet. Consumers are also finding the internet to be relevant in their quest to buy various products they need. The internet is bringing these two entities together in a virtu
Introduction Marketing a product could be difficult especially when product being marketed, are either expensive or do not meet the customer demands. In the UAE, the marketing of electronics is that which the marketers refer to, as interesting and fulfilling careers. Notably, this is the career that uses principles, which concern specific issues of solving the marketing problems. The marketing problems here descend from the need for need for self-actualization that characterized the post-traditional marketing era. In addition, marketing helps in creating and fostering identity about a particular product that is considered to be low in a particular economic region; therefore, it is an undertaking that calls for strict adherence to the principles of management, other than the personal perception and adherence to selling techniques. The marketer underscored the perception that the issues relating to life changing products play an integral role in the formation of marketing identity of the sophisticated electronics such as the mobile phones. This means that the idea of marketing is a career that creates the way of life for young and innovative marketers. In addition, it has an impact on the purchasing choices and attachment of the potential buyers. The marketer went further to postulate that the potential buyer’s identity may post a great challenge or opportunity in the way the buyers and sellers relate during the period when they bargain for the products. Indeed, the bargaining power is more evidenced in the struggle for a compromised deal about the product. This situation characterizes and perpetuates the cultural practices and consumer preferences about the products, which suit their daily lifestyle. Product’s Name The product is called BELLPERRE, a mobile phone that is hand-crafted, lavish and timeless handset designed to make life comfortable. Use of the Product The handset is majorly used for communication, both data and text, across boarders. Sin
Introduction Technology continues to define several aspects of human life. People are required to constantly evaluate their position in relation to the endless revolution of this phenomenon. The author of the current essay reviews this issue from the perspective of Sherry Turkle’s “Alone Together: Why we expect more from Technology and Less from Each Other”. The essay examines the reasons why people have embraced the virtual world of technology. Turkle opines that such a move is associated with a number of benefits (7). However, it is also important to watch out for its various shortcomings (Turkle 7). The current paper revolves around one major thesis statement. To this end, it is noted that separating humans from information and communication technology (ICT) is catastrophic. The author examines the impacts of ICT on individuals in relation to the desire for companionship and time wastage. Turkle identifies the issue of conformity to technology (12). In light of this, the author of this paper analyzes how people conform to technological changes while dealing with opposition. Desire for Companionship Human beings are social creatures. As such, socializing is a common phenomenon in the community. However, increased economic activities have taken up most of the time that people use to socialize. Turkle argues that ICT can be used to meet the social demands of individuals (17). Many people associate technology with utopia. There are those who would love to go out to social places and be happy, but lack the time to do so. Such people may end up on such social sites as Facebook. The platform offers them the chance to socialize and maintain a professional lifestyle at the same time. Companionship is a complicated occurrence in many societies. Turkle holds that technology exists for the sole purpose of making life easy (90). Consequently, dating sites have emerged to help people meet their soul mates. People who are shy tend to express themselves better through a virtual interface than in person. As a result, technology meets the undying need for companionship in the society. Embracing Technology Technology is like a revolution. Turkle is of the opinion that advancements in this field are inevitable (7). The inevitability raises the question of how the society should respond to the change. Turkle makes reference to the young generation, which has fully embraced technology (66). The same is evident in the numerous hardware and software designed to suit the emerging trends of the 21 st century. However, Turkle creates the impression that technology has adverse effects on the society. Such impacts are evident among members of the old generation. The group is fixated on the potential vagaries of ICT. Accepting the unavoidable nature of technology is a sure way of embracing its existence in the society. For instance, ICT has made it possible to conduct cashless transactions (Turkle 34). The security of such commercial undertakings is assured by advancements in this field. There are sev
Mission, Objectives, And Strategies Identifying . The mission of General Electric’s was to manufacture goods and prosper compared to other companies that operated into the same market. The main objectives of the company for the decades when Welch was the CEO concerned the initiatives introduced by him and the team of executives while every staff member was supposed to meet the goals and attain standards. The well-planned strategic development and implementation of the organisation introduced and maintained by Reg Jones, who became the GE’s CEO in 1973, was redesigned and eliminated by Jack Welch and replaced with “real time planning built around a five-page strategy playbook” (Bartlett and Wozny 3). Some strategies of the company can be seen as cutting down the number of areas in which the company specialises which now equals seven segments such as “aircraft engines, appliances, industrial products and segments, National Broadcasting Company (NBC), plastics, power systems, and technical products and services” (Pahl 11). At the same time, the business needed profound changes to be made because progress cannot be achieved using old strategies that do not reflect the modern situation. Besides, the country was in recession in terms of economic situation and the unemployment level was high when Jack Welch obtained a position of a CEO in GE’s. As claimed in the case by Bartlett and Wozny, “better than the best” was the major motto for Jack Welch as a new CEO of the General Electric’s and he applied this to all business units of the company (2). This motto can also be considered the strategies that occurred at the very beginning of his activities and in the period when the company was making it way to the global market in different sectors of its specialisation. Another way/strategy to restructuring the company was an approach that gave Welch his nickname “Neutron Jack” (Bartlett and Wozny 3); this tool was aimed at eliminating ineffective branches and leaving the ones that could be fixed or improved in some way. In this respect, Welch created the company that could be operated under his governance. Though the new “standard for each business to become the #1 or #2 competitor in its industry – or to disengage” was set by Welch, this was not the main strategy of the organisation as the company needed a more complex approach to its operations (Bartlett and Wozny 2). Integration of staff and implementation of corporate culture was another strategy introduced by Welch that was aimed at improving the interactions between different links of the same chain. The next phase in Welch’s decisions concerned the software as one of the important building bricks in company’s restructuring and development. The interactions between each staff member as a link in the company were significant for the CEO and he tried to introduce the same relations into organisation as those typical of small firms where every person knows each other and can interact more effective
Paul’s sermon on Areopagus is one of the most famous sermons in the entire Bible for several reasons. Converting people from one belief into another is one of the most thankless tasks ever, and, perhaps, the least rewarding one. When people’s moral and cultural values are at stake, however, the significance of changing people’s minds towards accepting the Christian faith, where the ultimate goals concern not thoughtless worshipping of a stone-cold idol, but a conversation with loving and caring God increases impressively. Paul’s Sermon can be seen as manifestation of Christian faith since it does not tend to attack the cultural and religious values of the Athenians 1 . On the opposite, it calls its audience for taking a closer look at their moral standpoints and figuring out whether the latter can serve as the life principles that the Athenians can be proud of and that they will willingly adhere to. The sermon is, hence, not another attempt to recruit people into a different cult, but a reasonable argument and a tactical reproach that helped the Athenians mend their ways and heralded a new stage in Christianity development. In this paper, I will argue that the Areopagus sermon delivered by Paul in Athens, which concerned the absurdity of the pagan beliefs of the Athenians, stands out among the rest of sermons delivered by Paul not because it attacked the weaknesses of the pagan beliefs or because he addressed the dread of the Judgment Day, but because it introduced a completely new principle of building relationships with God, i.e., the principle of cognizing God. While the emphasis is seemingly put on the necessity to convince the residents of Athens that their religious beliefs are inconsistent and that the gods that they pay tribute to can in no way provide them with love and care that Christian God can, after a careful consideration of the content of the sermon, one will be able to see that Paul stresses the specifics of the relationships between Christian God and His children, instead. Although at first glance, one might fail to find the arguments that support the given idea directly, after a thorough consideration of the sermon, one will be able to define the elements that define the peculiarities
Climate change, or global warming, is a current problem that can be seen from both environmental and IR perspectives. The reasons why it is an environmental issue are obvious. Still, someone may ask why global warming is a fundamental problem of international relations. Firstly, that is because countries all over the world benefit from the use of fossil fuels burnt to produce energy, drive vehicles, operate homes and businesses, and so on and so forth. Thus, every single state is responsible for high levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere and making our planet warmer; each country is a greenhouse-gas emitter, to a greater or lesser extent. Secondly, none of the nations is able to deal with the overall outcome of climate change on its own: since every one of them emits greenhouse gases, each one should do something to reduce those. Therefore, cooperative efforts are essential. One more reason for considering global warming as an IR concern is the fact that every state and nation will suffer the consequences if nothing is done now. Even though it is evident that climate change should be fought with joint efforts, that is a controversial question of how exactly the world will respond to it. After the Kyoto Protocol failed and it became evident that not only developed countries should participate in the fight against the global warming, the big question arose during the Paris Climate Talks: who and how much would pay for developing countries to build economies that would produce fewer greenhouse emissions (Joyce par. 7)? Even though many countries have agreed to participate and sacrifice something to the common cause, a lot of concerns remain in brackets in the last version of the draft agreement and require additional negotiations (Needham par. 12). As for the US, it has already done more than other countries to address global warming, both locally and at the international level. According to the information provided on the site of the White House, since 2005, America has reduced its carbon pollution more than all other countries in the
Introduction The Arctic region is a common feature in discourses touching on Canada’s self-governance. As renewed focus on the Arctic region emerges, incursions into the region raises questions on Canada’s sovereignty claims. The Arctic region has attracted increased interest from several countries, despite differences inherent in international law. According to Andrea (774), the Arctic Council allows involved states to cooperate in developing the region responsibly. Indeed, the Arctic region has attracted increased interest over the past decades because of the environment’s sensitivity to disturbances. The sensitivity is associated with the recent climate change, technological advancements, and commerce that is developing significantly in the region. In relation to climate change, the rising temperatures are melting glaciers and sea ice at extremely higher rates. This has created a shift in the efforts of the Council towards slowing the change, to protect both plant and animal life (“Arctic Climate Impact Assessment” par. 3). On the other hand, the melting ice is facilitating the exploitation of new opportunities using technological advancements. The opportunities resulting from the exploitation of the Arctic’s resources are opening up new transport routes in the region. Despite this increasing interest, “Arctic Climate Impact Assessment” (par. 3) states that these developments deserve better management, for the region’s benefit. For the Arctic’s inhabitants, the developments carry advantages and disadvantages that may create desired and undesired side effects if not managed carefully. Clearly, the changing climate will affect the lives of indigenous traditionalists, while the business community will create prospects that may offer better lives for inhabitants. Despite the challenges facing the Arctic, the region has cooperated with the Arctic states with minimal conflicts and consensus (“Arctic Climate Impact Assessment” par. 3). The Council has stepped in to prioritize on promoting sustainable environmental development. The Council also strives to foster the positive cooperation between the indigenous people and the neighboring states. With this, the relationship between the Arctic systems and other global processes deserve keen interest, if the region is to handle the problems arising in the international society. What is the Circumpolar North? The circumpolar north covers the Arctic Region and all countries forming a ring around the North Pole. The circumpolar north has undertaken a series of international cooperation efforts meant to device effective governance systems that are capable of handling the arising issues in the Arctic (“Arctic Council – the venue for Arctic decision-making” par. 12). Although international cooperation efforts in the early nineties may seem few, one cannot ignore their significance. The Arctic region has attracted various international development initiatives, which have set institutions that govern social, economic and political practices within the r
Terri Schiavo was a seven-year (1998-2005) court case between Michael Schiavo, Terri’s husband, and her biological parents, Bob and Mary Schindler. In 1990, Terri Schiavo suffered brain damage that doctors explained that it resulted from a lack of potassium and enough oxygen in the brain, she was proclaimed to be in a vegetative state. In 1998, the husband petitioned under Section 765.401(3) for the removal of life-supporting feeding tubes used to sustain Terri’s life; she would then die of malnutrition (Lynne, 2010). This paper discusses the ethical issues surrounding the case. Case ethical issues Michael filled a case to let Terri Schiavo die in peace after the disconnection of the tubes supporting his life. He argued that it was not her intention to have her life supported in an un-natural way thus he saw it was ethical if the tubes could be removed and let her die. On the other hand, the parents were willing to spend and go the extra mile to see their daughter recover. The point of contention in the case was the views of the doctors that gave no much hope for the recovery of Terri. This is a case of pro-life and pro-choice arguments; Michael was a pro-choice person who felt that justice would have been done to his wife if left to die since given a choice she could not have wanted her situation to be as she was. She had a choice to die or live. On the other hand, Bob and Mary Schindler were pro-life, they felt that their daughter’s life is precious thus should be protected at all lengths and costs. They even quoted her religious faith as a catholic and the faith did not allow for termination of one’s life. after 14 appeals and numerous hearings, the case was ruled in the favor of Michael, and Terri was disconnected from the life-supporting tubes on March 18, 2005. She died twelve days later (Lynne, 2010). The concept of DNR, Living Will and Durable Power Of Attorney in the case DNR (Do Not Resuscitate Orders) are orders given to a medical practitioner by a patient that in case of heart failure, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should not be used to maintain his or her life. In the case of Terri Schiavo, she had not given such directives, on the other hand, her condition was on brain damage and not the heart thus DNR was not applicable. A living will is an advance directive whereby a person describes the kind of treatment that should be given to him or her in case of life-threatening conditions. It cannot be delegated but the patient himself decides on medical treatments or life-sustaining treatments. In this Terri Schiavo case, she had not given a living will describe how she would like to be treated. A durable power of attorney is a delegation