ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Masculinity is a construction viewed from several perspectives, such as social, historical, and political perspectives, and is all about the attributes that make up a man. From a societal perspective, it is accurate to define masculinity as the behaviors or roles considered appropriate for the male gender compared to the female gender. As opposed to being biologically driven, masculinity is all about the power and dominance of one person or party over another. From a broadened angle point of view, it is a fact that masculinity is not an object but rather an aspect of a larger structure in society (Connell, 2020). This can explain why it is also true to state that masculinity is not only exhibited by the male gender but is also present in the female one, hence why there exists female masculinity. In this modern society, masculinity is present even without the presence of the male gender (Halberstam, 1998). Among the ways of explaining why such a situation comes to be is the fact that masculinity is a relative attribute that needs to be defined by the activities, processes, practices, and relationships that men and women conduct and engage in their gendered lives (Connell, 2020). The purpose of developing is essay is to define and discuss masculinity, its theories, and approaches while basing its argument on photographs. In addition, it will discuss the production and distribution of the said photographs and explore how they relate to masculinity and the relevant theories that can be associated with the images. The First Photograph Catherine Opie captured the first photograph being examined in this essay in 2008. First of all, it is important to note that Catherine Opie, the photographer, is well known for capturing images that represent the view of manliness. The photograph is classified as belonging to a project known as the Regen Project and was published and distributed to the world from the Los Angeles and Thomas Dane Gallery in London. The image is called Rusty, one of the American footballers who participated in the 2007-9 series. Rusty, from the photograph, is depicted to be a muscular young teen who is in his sports gear. This was either during or after the football game. The gender differences approach to masculinity focuses on comparing the male gender to the female gender regarding their practices, behaviors, or even work choices (Stergiou-Kita, Lafrance, Pritlove, & Power, 2017). In this society, it is reliable to point out that American Football is all about power and dominance and is most likely to be played by men compared to the female population that engages in the sport. Rusty, in this photograph, is
Executive Summary The business plan is on the baby care service industry targeting the children of the PMU University in Khobar. It is a partnership business with five members were capital will be individually contributed. It will provide the baby care services to babies of the age 0-5 years. The mission of the Little Angels Nursery Daycare Center is to provide full-time services and fun environment to the children of the university staff and students. This will be achieved through putting clients’ needs first and offer of quality services. The services provided will be distributed along the different age groups (0-1, 1-2, 2-3, and 3-5 years). General description The business enterprise will be in the baby care industry where baby care services will be provided to the children of age zero to five years. The business enterprise will be named The Little Angels Nursery Daycare Center . It will target the children of the staff at PMU University in Khobar and those of the students who are mostly foreigners. The business enterprise is a Partnership Company that will be co-owned by five members. The strength of the company is that it will have skilled employees and administration that would ensure that all the goals and objectives are achieved. It will be funded through partnership contribution who will also act as the administrators. Mission statement The focus of the little angles nursery daycare center is to provide a full-time safe and fun environment for the children of our university staff and students. Moreover, our qualified faculty will provide a respectful treatment and a rich learning process which promotes each child’s social, physical and emotional development. Company goals The goal of the Little Angels Nursery Daycare Center is to create a safe environment in a friendly homelike atmosphere for children of ages between 0-5 years. Objectives The objectives of Little Angels Nursery Daycare Center are:   * To determine the value of play in children’s learning and development processes.   * To have a combined environment by sharing information and building a relationship with the parents.   * To promote children’s social and phy
The industry of interior design requires the reflection of personal creativity and disclosure of multiple ideas. My desire to get this profession is closely connected with the freedom of ideas and thoughts reflection introduced in the design of various interiors. The profession is sophisticated due to the number of required skills but it gives an opportunity to express inner world through the decorations and design issues. Skills required for the interior designers cover creativity and rich imagination combined with professionalism and complete knowledge of design industry. Besides, my artistic qualities can be expressed through individual designs where I can reflect my personality. The interest in aspects of décor and design came to me in my early childhood watching how my parents repaired and reconstructed our house. I have always tried to make my room special and individual; my friends admired its unique atmosphere and individualism. Now I have a chance to make my dreams come true; I can become a professional interior designer to show the world my skills and abilities helping people to express their desires as to interiors through my vision and creativity. Analyzing the profession of interior designer one should underline the fact that it requires perfect discipline and organization. A skilled interior designer should work with clients and be able to understand and feel their desires as to the changes in interiors. To meet the requirements of the clients it is necessary to create attractive, safe and functional atmosphere. It should b
Introduction Ed Sheeran is truly a phenomenon in the contemporary music industry. He went from being a poor open mic singer to an internationally acclaimed musician. Sheeran’s approachable and open persona, which certainly distinguishes him from other performers, has won millions of fans around the world. His concert in Dublin, which happened six years ago, serves as a perfect example of Sheeran’s wholesome personality and unique solo performance. Main body The first thing that attracts the attention of the audience is that there are no expensive show effects, big orchestra, or dance crew, which are so widely used in modern artists’ performances. The whole concert attributes are Ed Sheeran himself, his guitar and a loop pedal. Yet, thousands of people came to the concert to appreciate the talent of the artist. This is a sign of a great musician because nothing can mask or distract the audience from him making a mistake. This concert was indeed an incredible one-man show, which harmonized with the audience and was musically adept, especially using the loop pedal, which basically created the impression of multiple musicians in front of the audience. Ed’s ability to keep the attention of the people and engage them in the process could be seen by how fans were chanting the song parts during breaks. He connected all the songs in a wholesome journey of an unforgettable experience. During this hour and a half, I kept thinking of how sincere and pure Ed Sheeran is as a person. I noticed how, in the beginning, he was warming up the audience’s voices by singing different pitches with them. Ed writes songs about different life situations that are relatable to most people while having a virtuosity of the word, and that is what makes him so unique and exceptional. Conclusion Having known how much effort is put into the concert by one person, the listeners understand that Ed Sheeran is not just a commercial project, he is a true artist. The whole show, from first sound to the last, was performed with maximum effort and passion. Musicians like Ed Sheeran genuinely deserve to be famous and have so many fans to hear his songs.
Introduction The global population continues to increase. By the end of 2011, it had surpassed seven billion people. Astonishingly, over 20% of the population lives in poverty. Majority of the poor are living in abject poverty implying that they survive with less than a dollar per day. In developed countries, most citizens are affluent and earn decent wages and salaries. According to Sullivan and Sheffrin, the disparities between the rich and poor countries also continue to increase with the wage gap being the strongest indicator of this assertion (9). The level of economic growth and development between the developed countries and developing countries is staggering. This a comparative study of United States (a developed country) and Brazil (considered a developing country by economic indicators). The paper will concentrate on the differences in various macroeconomic indicators including GDP, GNP, rate of inflation, unemployment, per capita income and growth of the countries. Comparative Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators of USA and Brazil United States stand outs as the largest national economy in the entire world (Todaro and Smith 76). By the end of last fiscal year, the country had a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of well above $15 trillion and it contributes hugely to the global output. On the other hand, Brazil is considered a developing country although it ranks sixth as per the standards of World Bank owing to its national output. This is in lieu of the fact that the country has a high productivity with its GDP standing at $2.5 trillion. Although both countries have high output, it was only lately that Brazil joined the G-20 (Sullivan and Sheffrin 20). The rationale is that GDP is not the sole macroeconomic indicator of a country’s economic development and growth. Nonetheless, the two countries contribute hugely to the aggregate global output due to their expansive industries and adoption of technology and innovation. Todaro and Smith assert that major contributors of productivity in the US include services, industry, and agricultural sectors constituting 79%, 19% and 1.2% of the GDP respectively (87). For Brazil, services sector contributes huge percentage of the productivity standing at almost 70%. Agriculture and industry sectors contribute 5.5% and 28% respectively (Baer 56). The rate of inflation is a macroeconomic indicator that focuses on the monetary forces that cause fluctuations in the currency affecting trade with other countries. In US, the rate of inflation has remained relatively low averaging at 1.7% by the last fiscal year while in Brazil the rate stood at 5.4% within the same period. Inflation rate is a very sensitive macroeconomic indicator that affects a country’s ability to import goods. With high inflationary rate, a country may have a discrepancy in the balance of trade and payment (BOT and BOP) where importation is very expensive in comparison to exportation. As elucidated by Sullivan and Sheffrin, this may impair the ability of a country to stimulate growth of the local industries especially those dependent on the importation of raw materia
Introduction Almost every literary tradition can present the world with at least one child prodigy — the author of a sensational book that makes a significant impact on the whole world. Susan Eloise Hinton, who wrote her novel The Outsiders in 1965, is the American version of such cultural archetype. 1 After its publication, the novel was faced with both a massive scandal and enormous popularity; in some states, it was prohibited, and in others, it was included in the school curriculum. The Outsiders is a small book that evokes different emotions among readers. The novel depicts teenage boys who are forced to protect themselves from the attacks of their peers from a wealthier neighborhood. Therefore, it is crucial to get acquainted with the essence of the novel and analyze its main characters to genuinely comprehend Hinton’s view on the challenges of the teenage age within the framework of this paper. The Summary of the Novel The main character of the novel, with a comical name Ponyboy Curtis, is a 14-year-old orphan with big dreams. His parents died in a car accident a year ago, and now he lives with two older brothers — a 20-year-old strong man Darry and 16-year-old handsome Gas. Gas is a favorite person in any circle, while Darry is cruel and arrogant: Ponyboy Curtis is convinced that he tyrannizes him in vain and wants to take his younger brother to a shelter. Ponyboy Curtis, his brothers, and their friends are “greasers”: they comb their long hair back, smoke cigarettes from their youth, steal from shops, and turn empty bottles into Molotov cocktails in one polished motion. What is more, many of the “greasers” have switchblades in their pockets. However, the main thing that all the “greasers” are busy with is the hostility towards the rival gang, the “socs”—neat and elegant children from wealthy areas. The “greasers,” teenagers from working-class families living in poverty, are convinced that the “socs” are less valuable people since they are more privileged from birth. Thus, the “greasers” hate them to a great extent due to the difference in their social status. Moreover, the “socs” indeed behave in a challenging manner: they attack weaker groups of people, beat the smallest, and generally do not demonstrate fidelity to the street honor code. 2 Once, Ponyboy and his best friend, Johnny, get in serious trouble: first, they want to date two girls from the “socs” party, then they get involved in a fight with their enemies, and later they accidentally kill one of the attackers. What happens next in the novel is entirely predictable. When Johnny and Ponyboy pull defenseless children out of the fire in the church, they appear heroes in readers’ eyes. The story ends with the bitterness of lo
Deviant Act In every society, there are norms that people follow so that there is maximum respect among members of society. In a situation where an individual or a group breaks social norms, people always react with revulsion, apprehension, humor, irritation, or an assortment of emotions. People’s perception of norms creates a sense of customariness, or abnormality. For example, in psychology, a norm is a customary or delegate value that governs an assemblage. If people are familiar with a certain norm, then that norm is a social norm. Therefore, if an individual performs an act, which is contrary to social norms, that act is deviant. For example, being rude to the elderly and dressing in a funny way is itself an abnormality. It is a strange and deviant act, as many society members find it weird. Recently, I broke two norms when my uncle and I went to a movie in a movie theatre. I was dressed in pajamas instead of observing modesty by wearing nice clothes. When we reached the movie theatre, its authority asked me why I had dressed abnormally. At this point, I became rude leaving my uncle pondering. My uncle had strangely observed my look right from the time he picked me. On our way, I received disturbing looks from people. Some of them even went further to ask my uncle why he had allowed me to dress that way. I could hear whispers and giggles from people only for me to assume them. Luckily enough, I was carrying clothes in my bag. I became so much annoyed and humiliated until I decided to change then retrieve back to the movie theatre. People were annoyed with me. They even scorned and protested over my deviant behavior. This made me seek an otherwise and this was to change my pajamas. After I had changed my pajamas for nice clothes, some of these people came to compliment me. Others were scorning me for being rude and arrogant for being dressed in pajamas. To this extent, I was wrong. I had broken two social norms. I felt disturbed and wondered what people will say of me. Social norms create judgmental feelings in people’s minds. It did not matter whether I was experimenting. To them, I had indeed broken a social norm. The authority at the movie theatre stared at me strangely when I became rude to them. They never supported my behavior at all. Some of them even became annoyed and wanted to punish me for being rude. My uncle, who also received, strong criticism, protected me from furious administrators who wanted to punish me. This means that people will never support deviant acts. They will be ready to punish you if possible. I vowed never to commit this act again. This is because; I had gone against the expectation of my uncle and the authority. Furthermore, I disturbed innocent people who left their doings only to stare at me for wearing pajamas
Civil and political rights are categories of freedoms that safeguard a person’s rights from unwarranted infringement by state organs and clandestine institutions. The rights guarantee an individual political participation implying that discrimination and repression are never tolerated. Civil rights entail protecting physical integrity and wellbeing, preventing discrimination based on physical or cognitive capabilities, gender disparity, ensuring that there is freedom of religion, preventing ethnicity, avoiding discrimination based on age and allowing diverse sexual orientation. Civil liberties can also include freedoms of thoughts and ethics, speech and expression, and the freedom of press and movement. Political rights may include natural justice, rules of law, right to fair trial and the right to participate in political processes, which include the right to vote and the right to present candidature to the electorate. In the US, civil rights developed first before political rights. The US has had an enduring history with regards to fundamental rights and freedoms. Women and people of color have struggled to fit in the wider society. Their activities have contributed to democracy in the US. Americans showed their will and desire to govern themselves when they challenged the colonial government due to its high handedness and unresponsive behavior. The colonialists had established their own administrative units that were intolerant and indifferent to the sufferings of the majority. Americans united to fight a war that was later termed as the American War of Independence. People were granted their rights after the leaders adopted republicanism as a political dogma. This meant that people had to be represented by candidates of their choice. It was proved that the electorate was more powerful than the ruler. Afterwards, Americans drafted some guidelines that would dictate the relationship between the ruled and the ruler. The principles were found in the federalist papers. Each individual had to vote for a leader of his/her choice. Through this, the state was able to be governed democratically. In early 1900, Americans entered into another war that was aimed at abolishing inhuman treatment. The war was referred to as American Civil War. The South fought with the North because of different opinions regarding slavery. The North wanted slavery to be abolished while the south posited that slavery was to be allowed. The war nearly divided Americans into two but the North finally won. This was an indication that Americans were against inhuman slavery that had rocked the society. Some members were forced to supply free labor because of their skin color. Since
The relentless predators that attack people can be not only bears or wolves coming out of the forest. Sometimes, seagulls also are merciless, like in “The Birds” by Daphne du Maurier – a short story written in 1952. In the center of this work is the story of a farmer and his family, whose settlement is attacked by whole flocks of sea birds. In 1963, Alfred Hitchcock made a film of the same name, which differs significantly from the idea of du Maurier. Although the short story “The Birds” and the movie The Birds are often perceived as a single entity, it is possible to consider all differences between these two versions thoroughly due to historical criticism. Even though the film and story have the same name and base, which involves a narrative about people suffering from the birds’ attacks, many episodes make them different. Firstly, while the written version focuses only on the farmer Nat Hocken, the movie has a lot of heroes. For instance, the viewers can see Melanie Daniels and Mitch Brenner. Secondly, in The Birds , there are more storylines: the birds’ attacks, the line of relationship between Melanie and Mitch, Cathy’s party, and episodes with her teacher. Finally, there are also less visible differences: the events of the printed story occur in London, and events of the movie – in California. The film starts from the meeting in the pet shop, while the written version begins from the moment where Nat sees a lot of birds, “jackdaw and gull, mingled in strange partnership” (du Maurier 4). In addition, du Maurier describes the situation where the seagulls’ punishment is directed at all city residents, while Hitchcock’s birds are more aimed at the main heroine. Therefore, although both these versions are interesting, they are pretty different. I believe that the written version is superior since it better conveys the idea of nature’s rebellion against humanity. Moreover, this story was created when the dangerous eastern wind could symbolize the potential threat of the East to the USA. Although the film has more characters and storylines, the written version seems more dynamic. It would be wrong to forget that Daphne du Maurier disliked the final script of the movie due to the numerous changes (Carr). I think the printed version is more substantial and more profound. The differences between the written story and the film were made due to technical and stylistic reasons. Even if Hitchcock wanted to create the movie wholly based on du Maurier’s work, he could not do it because the full-length film required more actions and heroes (Carr). However, it accounts only for the emergence of new heroes but does not explain the missing of Nat. As for stylistic, The Birds is not a full-screen adaptation, but only the movie with the use of some aspects of the written story: the name, the general idea, and the atmosphere. Although certain elements unite the story by du Maurier and film by Hitchcock, they should not be perceived as two parts of one artwork. Due to the