ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The management of operations and projects in an organization contributes to its success. When an organization deviates from its goals, it has to restructure its policies and missions because its rivals may overtake it in the industry. As a result, the business should formulate ways of recapturing its market share (Brennan, 2011). This involves development of strategies in the operations and project management department. There are multiple ways of improving efficiency in the department. Some of the measures that should be adopted to restore the conditions of operations and project management include: Optimization of the factors of production The integration of the factors of production determines the success of a business. The workforce should have essential skills and knowledge to give optimum output. Capital should be directed to viable investment projects. This can be established through feasibility studies. Land, which is an immobile factor of production, should be harnessed effectively to yield the desired output. Lastly, entrepreneurship should be the driving force in the venture to sustain business even in challenging economic periods. Provision of adequate resources Workers in the departments should have sufficient resources at their disposal. Shortage of resources like power, inputs and processing machinery may render them redundant since they will not productively contribute to the organization. When employees are working, there should be minimal interruption. This can be realized through supply of adequate inputs for the continuum of production. Consequently, the targeted production levels will be met. Imposition of regulations It is vital to impose regulations during operations. The manager should develop a schedule for operations. In addition, rules should be used to monitor the conduct of operations. When regulations are imposed, workers will put in all their efforts for fear of penalties and consequences. Such practice will enhance the output of the workforce. Motivation Motivated employees have are focused on the objectives of an organization. Through the adoption of motivational programs the performance of employees will be promoted. For instance, they should be rewarded appropriately for their efforts. The management should also ensure that employees’ working and living conditions meet the expected standards. Participation of employees in the management Employees should be encouraged to contribute their views and opinions on the management. This boosts their morale as they feel involved in the organization’s management. Participative management ensures that workers from all levels in the department are allowed to share their views. As a result, the management can recommend feasible projects to be implemented within the organization
Introduction Plato is widely believed to be one of the greatest philosophers of all time. He was born in Athens in 427 to a rich affluent family. He is believed to be among the first philosophers in his country of birth, Greece. On the other hand, it was after Socrates’ death that Plato showed a keen interest in politics. An oligarchy that was known as Thirty Tyrants assumed power in the year 404 and a lot of widespread eliminations of political opponents were witnessed during this period (Pater 83). An interesting philosopher worth noting, from his humble beginnings as a calm and composed young man, to rise to become one of the greatest ever philosophers who ever lived (Pater 98). Main Body Plato lived during the Age of Synthesis. After the Peloponnesian war, he was convinced by his uncle to join the oligarchical rules of Athens but as an alternative, he joined his two brothers in becoming a student of Socrates. It was during this period that Socrates forced them to carefully examine and challenge their ideas critically, which was a painstakingly antagonizing process. According to (Pater 98), Socrates trained his students that, “it is the utmost good for a man to converse desirable qualities each day and those other effects about which you hear me conversing and testing myself and others, for the unexamined life is not worth living”. Plato was a rival of the Sophists but he paid attention to values rather than on physical science just like them. Aristotle endorsed Socrates by emphasizing moral questions and accurate definitions and Plato captivated these lessons. Plato was not a friend to both the thirty tyrants who has reigned for only eight months as well as he did not also commiserate with the Athenian Democracy who came to power after the tyrants. He alienated them by his method of significant cross-examination. In the year 399 BC, he was taken to trial with the crimes of religious transgression and dishonesty of the youth, and he was convicted and sentenced to death (Plato & Tredennick 189) Plato’s writings Plato started a career as a theoretical writer and he self-possessed several short ethical dialogues that were mainly dedicated to portraying how Socrates obligated his followers to realize that they were incapable to offer reasonable arguments for their ethical beliefs (Plato & Trendennick 224). Notably, Plato wanted to use his writings for the sole purpose of preserving the memory of his teacher, Socrates. Plato’s writings are generally divided into three:   * the Early dialogues   * the Middle dialogues   * the Late dialogues Early dialogues In these dialogues, Socrates is the main character and Plato is believed to be expressing his views. Middle dialogues In these dialogues, Plato begins by expressing his views, in the pretext of Socrates. The Symposium and the Republic are the most significant imperative works during this period (Plato & Trendennick 301) Late dialogues The later dialogues were about the enlargement of the philosophy articulated in the earlier ones even though they are the most thorny ones of Plato’s works Philosophy of Plato The i
Introduction and Background The period of Renaissance has occupied a significant niche in the world of arts having brought numerous masterpieces to the artistic heritage. Among a variety of prominent crafts developed in that time, architecture is the sphere which provides the most reasons for amusement and fascination. It is the grandiose structures and long-term devotion of the creators that makes people admire the masterpieces of architects which played important roles at the time of their creation and continue to be the subject of research throughout centuries. One of the most impressive pieces of art in this respect is the Brunelleschi’s Dome of the Cathedral of Florence or Santa Maria del Fiore. It has been an iconic sight of the city since the time of its construction in the 15th century. It seems that its significance was predetermined even before the inception of the project and was influenced by social and political issues of the time. Not only the size and the exterior of the structure were impressive, but also the way Brunelleschi used to build it. His technical inventions allowed for revolutionary engineering method that did not require using any supporting armature due to the specific octagonal self-supporting design. Despite the widespread belief that Brunelleschi’s engineering ideas behind the architectural decisions were unprecedented, there are claims that he was not a pioneer in the use of a specific approach to designing the dome. However, the contemporaries considered the design and method of construction genius and praised the author of the most outstanding building in Florence. Therefore, it is crucial to determine whether the idea was genuinely original, or it was the overlapping of social and cultural contexts that contributed to the proclamation of Brunelleschi’s dome a masterpiece. In this paper, the answer to the question concerning the secrets of the dome’s glory will be explored from four perspectives. Firstly, the function of the dome during the Renaissance period will be analyzed concerning the political and social situation of the time. Secondly, the professional biography and the personality
Introduction Today there are many people in the world in such continents like Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America who are living in poverty as a result of underdeveloped economical, political and social systems. Poverty is defined as living below the poverty line which is pegged on number of families that survive on one dollar or less per day. According to Chaliand, “the underdevelopment of the third world is marked by a number of common traits such as distorted and highly dependent economies, rural social structures, high population growth and widespread poverty”. Poor level of education, illiteracy and shortage of mass media are also huge obstacles for underdeveloped countries to grow and progress. This paper examines the problems that prevent the development of the third world countries and the reasons why the western countries continue to progress on the other hand. Problems facing third world countries The Third World countries face multiple common development problems that have limited their economical, political, social and democratic development. Some of these common development problems include widespread poverty, low level of literacy, access to quality education, gender inequality, lack of access to information, knowledge and lack of adequate health service facilities. These common factors that prevent development of the third world counties do not work in isolation but combine together to cause these problems. How population, health and economic problems prevent development According to Willett (2011), rapid population growth is the single largest challenge to developing countries as it makes every other problem worse and difficult to solve since in essence it compounds them. The problem of population in the third world implies that a large number of inhabitants will tend to strain the available resources and diverts scarce government and non-government resources at its expense. Health is a serious problem in many underdeveloped countries as many people frequently suffer from ill health and fatal diseases. The main causes of diseases in these countries are malnutrition, lack of health care, shortage of doctors, lack of qualified medical personnel, drug shortage, constrained sanitation facilities and consumption of contaminated water. Indeed, the well being of a society is measured by the physical state of its people and for any country to progress; it must have a healthy nation (Sonderling). Many third world countries face serious economic problems such as high unemployment, technological limitations, weak industrial sector, limited natural resources, inefficient systems and unfavorable balance of payment in trade arrangements with the western countries. Because of
Background Both Christianity and postmodern relativism relate to spirituality and its influence on human life. Christianity authors the belief in the existence of a sovereign God who controls everything in the universe, allowing and disallowing life events. The theological and religious prism affects how people perceive God as the all-powerful and eternal one (Lasair, 2020). Christians’ belief systems are based on the concept of God as portrayed in the Holy Bible. They explain the purpose, truth, and meaning of human life, influencing how Christians perceive health care. Dependence on the all-powerful external force enables Christians to reach a transcendent state for health care experiences and other life events. Since they follow God’s guidance in every decision, Christians are more at peace with life outcomes. For example, they accept health care outcomes more readily than non-believers do because of the belief that God allows every fate, whether it is bad or good. Ethics are guided by biblical principles, even when related to health care (Lasair, 2020). For instance, abortion is equated to murder the unborn child and is not accepted by Christians. Therefore, healthcare decisions involving Christianity are guided by the bible. Unlike Christianity, which rejects ambiguity by adhering to biblical guidelines, postmodern relativism takes a liberal approach to spirituality and ethics. These relativists believe there is no absolute truth regarding the existence of God or adherence to ethics (Garrett, 2018). Therefore, every spiritual or ethical belief is valid, even if there are contrasting ones. As such, discarding any argument or decision about health care is not encouraged. Postmodern relativism supports diversity and multicultural approaches to healthcare because medical professionals must embrace multiple and contradictory perceptions from patients and families (Garrett, 2018). In addition, the understanding of ethics might change from one patient to the other without affecting the quality of care. Scientism Scientism argues that hard sciences provide superior scientific knowledge as the only source of genuine and absolute truths. The hard sciences, including physics and biology, rely on laws of nature or experimentation. They produce reliable results based on testable, factual, and replicable data. Scientism regards soft sciences as inferior or pseudosciences since their conjectures and guesses are not replicable or factual but subject to change (Vukov, 2021). It seeks to differentiate the two science categories based on the value of their information, with hard sciences presenting more valuable knowledge than soft sciences. The reliance on subjectivism makes soft sciences prone to influences by human nature, leading to contradictory ideas on the same topics of principles. Overall, scientism accords greater intellectual authority to hard over soft sciences in knowledge matters. There are arguments raised against scientism and its eleva
Introduction Acute inflammation targets to fix harmed tissues and take out undesirable components. Zhang, Zhu, and Li (2017) define inflammation as the insusceptible defensive reaction of a vascular life form that helps in the expulsion of internal and external destructive stimuli and the upkeep of tissue homeostasis. Even though inflammation aims to restore a normal homeostatic condition where it manifests, it emerges as an agent for the growth and dangerous progression of malignant tissues of most cancers. The first person to associate cancer Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow was the first person to associate cancer and malignant tissue development with inflammation. Virchow recognized inflammation as one amongst other predisposing conditions for malignant tissue development, describing it as an ‘Out of the normal inflammatory hyperplasia’ (Todoric, Antonucci & Karin, 2016). Inflamed cells and inflammatory signals add to the inception and advancement of cancer. Acute inflammation coming about because of disease or tissue damage through an injury can exist before a normal cell involuntarily changes into a malignancy cell. Circumstances of interminable inflammation can elevate genomic unsteadiness prompting DNA harm, oncogene triggering, or hindered capacity of a tumor suppressor (Zhang et al., 2017). From another dimension, malignant tissue growth and development which was previously not related to inflammation can initiate the advancement of an inflammatory microenvironment that supports malignant tissue and cancer cell growth (Zhang et al., 2017). Regardless of whether it is chronic or it arises from a tumor, inflammation and related stimuli inside the tumor microenvironment allow the multiplication and survival of malignant tissues and cancer cells, foster blood and lymphatic vessel development, and help in attack and metastasis. Because a majority of the cell types linked to cancer-associated inflammation are, in genetic terms, stable and hence are not exposed to the fast rise of drug resistance, targeting inflamed cells is a promising tactic for preventing and treating cancer. Inflammation is the fundamental action mechanism for various risk factors associated with cancerous cells growth like an infection, overweight and obesity, smoking tobacco, alcohol use, exposure to microelements, dysbiosis, and interminable inflammatory ailments, for example, pancreatitis and colitis (Todoric et al., 2016). Considering the extraordinary shared trait of inflammatory changes in various cancer types, averting or reversing inflammation is a significant way to deal with cancer disease control.
Have you ever asked yourself a question, “Do I live in the right place? Is this place good? What are these people like?” I bet you haven’t. We never do, taking our life for granted. But there is another approach. Now we shall see if it has some points to consider. In his book “The Good Society: An Introduction to Comparative Politics” Alan Draper argues that the society has something to strive for to become better than it is. It is a point of self-perfection, you know. There is never a point at which you stop. But there is always something to change. So what is the thing that makes society good? How can one check if it is not good enough? Whom should it be good for? All these questions are rather easy to answer, according to Draper. The question of capability is the key to all of them. That is the basic point for dividing the nations into the ones with a high level of society development and those who still have something to strive for. Now the first thing to say is that the good society is a democratic one (Draper, 34). He considers that the most important thing that influences the society id the political regime. Indeed, he has the point. Political structure is something that makes the basis for the society, and in case it is rotten, the whole foundation together with the building is doomed to go down. To illustrate this thesis, I would like to take some country with a totalitarian regime as an example. Let us remember the fascism in Italy. Tied hand and feet, people could not bear the system they were in, and the government deprived of the inner support could not stand the pressure rising up from the heart of the country. Next I would like to talk about such a position as the capability of the country. That very notion has several points that are the main ingredients of the capability of the country. At first, the country must give as much freedom to its citizens as their democratic rights allow to. Here, I would like to make an example of North Korea. People here are partially deprived of some rig
The Brussels regulations also referred to the Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of the Civil and Commercial judgment took effect on first March 2002 (Bermann, 34). The aim of this convention is to enforce and make judgments on matters that are related to commercial and civil activities among the member states of the European Union (Frimston, 15). According to article number 2 of the Brussels regulation, those defendants who are domiciled in any of the states that are in contract should be sued at the location of the domicile (Steiner & Woods, 7). The same article provides the jurisdictions governing a consumer contract in case where a contract is done off a profession (Ludwig, 25). Article sixteen of this act provides an opportunity to a consumer who is domiciled in a contract to sue the offending party before the court of the place where domicile occurs or the court of the other contracting country (Hoskyns & Newman, 14). The Brussels guidelines focus on the protection of the consumers through enforcing such articles when a contract between states results to one of the state suffering (Ludlow, 21). An example of such a case was when Chrysler Canada limited filed a case against Wolfgang Stolzenberg, who was the Caster Group of Companies’ Chief Executive Officer and thirty six other defendants in 1996 (Hix, 29). The case was that, Mr. Wolfgang Stolzenberg along with the other defendants had planned to make investment equivalent to 240 million by fraud using his companies which were already insolvent. The defendant in this case had lived in London and this was where he was domiciled, but after he moved to Germany later, his domicilary status could therefore not be certain. As a result of this, the writ issued by the plaintiffs could not be considered because at that time Mr. Stolzenberg had already migrated and therefore only six of defendants in England were to be sued (Hix, 13). Judge Rattee J. ruled out that Mr. Stoltenberg was not well served with the writ and therefore, substituted service that was ordered by the plaintiffs was considered valid. The issue that existed in this case was that, the Brussels regulations may have different applicability in a state legal system. As a result of such a circumstance, there is need for the regulations to be applied in the procedural system of a legal system of a state (Pelkman, 12). According to Steiner & Woods (23) in stressing the measures being take by the EU stated, “The main jurisdictional rule of the Brussels Convention, preserved in the recently adopted EC Council regulation, states that defendants domiciled in a Contracting state, whatever their nationality, shall be sued in the courts of their place of domicile (art. 2)”. For the case where domicile takes place in a third country, the laws governing the both the contracting states should be applied. The Brussels regulations are very strict on fixed term work of a framework agreement between states (Sward, 28). In this case, the domestic laws of the contracting states involved in such c
Global Warming   * Customer Inserts His/Her Name   * Customer Inserts Grade Course   * Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name   * Writer Inserts Date Here (Day, Month, Year) One of the main challenges being faced by the world these days is that of environmental sustainability. Whether it is the melt down of Arctic ice, the damage of the Ozone layer, extra pollution in developing countries; all sums up to one thing in common and that is global warming. Problems such as these have resulted in quite a number of initiatives being taken, such as the quest for bio fuel. According to Houghton (2004), we are now living in what is called the ‘interglacial period’ and the last of the ice ages witnessed an end some twenty thousand years ago. Our changing weather patterns are paving way to quite a number of natural disasters, thus, leaving a very profound effect of various parts of the world. These include wind cyclones, floods and hurricanes among which Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina have had a very devastating effect on many lives. As compared to the entire century, 1980’s and 1990’s have been the warmest of all decades with 1998 being the warmest year as compared to the year 2005 of the twenty first century. How can we not term this as an undeniable issue then? However, it also is appearing inevitable day by day. The melting ice and diminishing ice bergs could possibly make the polar bears extinct in a matter of twenty years. Industrial wastes and other forms of pollution have been posing serious threat to the existence of this world, however, many developing countries challenge the Koyoto Protocol demanding that it is now their turn to industrialize while the industrial revolution caused the same harm and has paved way to the progress of the developed countries today. Similarly, much of the global warming is manmade. For instance, when fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas are burned they emit carbon dioxide which later cover the atmosphere and engulfs Earth because of which heat is trapped and goes into its cycle within (Singer & Avery 2007). If we talk about the United States, then a major part of their electrical energy is achieved by burning coal which paves way to the largest amount of carbon dioxide produced per unit and thus results in a trickledown effect of environmental pollution. Thus, due to reasons such as this quite a number of aware citizens have started aiming for environment friendly houses such as those having solar panels and water recycling equipment. However, these turn out to be very expensive and demand a substantive investment which then results in long term benefits. Responsibility towards such an issue is not just limited to industries alone, it’s the job of every individual serving his own self and those around. Any laid back attitude especially by highly responsible professions like those of doctors could result in any serious consequence. According to the documentary, ‘An Inconvenient Truth’