ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Leadership is a trait that is given by nature or relentlessly trained, either way requiring many efforts. Cambridge dictionary defines the term leader as “someone who manages or controls other people, primarily because of their ability or position” (“Leader,” n.d.). History has seen various leaders that have left a significant impact on the future development of the world, with some being devastating and others contributing to improving the planet. This essay will compare two different world leaders – Mahatma Gandhi and Adolf Hitler based on several factors to vividly demonstrate how distinct leading styles may influence people’s attitudes. Mahatma Gandhi is a world-known philanthropic leader who has left a significant impact on India and the world, being proclaimed the father of his country. The primary direction of Gandhi’s political and social work was the fight against the nationalist movement of the British rule of India. The main difference between Gandhi from other world leaders is that each of his decisions was made together with others, no matter the officials or simple Indians. Such an approach allowed him to consider all views of the public, choosing the most efficient one. His leadership style was based on the non-violence movement, further adopting it not only as a strategy to fight the regime but also as a philosophy and a lifestyle. Gandhi established himself as a peaceful, open-minded leader who led by example, not by vague leadership theories. Protecting himself as a country’s slave and proving empowering techniques by constant adherence to them has influenced the public’s support as an honest leader with good intentions. His “constructive program” of building the nation was based on the belief of establishing it from “from the bottom up”—educating rural India, constituting the vast majority of the population (“Mahatma Gandhi – Emergence as a nationalist leader,” 2020). Therefore, the pure intentions, cooperation with the nation, and adherence to the program were the main contributors to Mahatma Gandhi’s worldwide success as a leader. The complete opposite of Gandhi’s perception of leadership is Adolf Hitler, who started the most disruptive war in the history of humanity. Contrasting to the Mahatma, he followed an individualistic decision-making process, proceeding to make all major and minor decisions based on his own judgment. Even though Hitler had millions of supporters, the majority of them were threatened by death in the case of opposite views. Therefore, he forced people to follow his lead under oppressive pretenses. World War II ending and Hitler’s suicide demonstrated that under his fierce and cruel image lies a self-deprecated person who cannot accept his mistakes. Among the main motives, Hitler sought the establishment of one dominant race – Aryans, and total extermination of those not belonging to it; therefore, utterly opposite to Gandhi’s non-violent perception. Racist worldview, belief in hierarchy, and violence for problem-solving created the ferocious image of Hitler, which influenced the leadership style. His obsession with establishing a pure race has over
Introduction The procedure adopted in the study was a standard way of assessing neurological functions of the nervous system. It is one of the methods that are used in hospital settings to estimate the state of nerves in the body. Andreassi (2000) argues that an essential component in nerve conduction is the speed at which impulses and responses are transmitted along the motor or sensory pathways. The nervous system is an important part of the body because it is involved in responding to stimuli in the external environment (Misulis 1997). The CNS is important in mediating stimuli processing in the brain and spinal cord. On the other hand, the PNS is characterised by thousands of nerves that are appear as long fibres. They are used in linking various parts of the CNS. It has been shown that the long fibres form motor neurons, which are involved in coordinating voluntary movement (Misulis 1997). The PNS also contains nervous components that mediate involuntary functions. In healthy individuals, the transmission of impulses should be within standard ranges of speeds. Thus, a nerve conduction velocity is the pace of conducting electrochemical impulses along neurons. A number of factors could influence the speed of nerve conduction. For example, disease, age and sex, among other factors could make different persons have diverse velocities of conducting impulses (Izhikevich 2000). It has been shown that changes to the constant velocity of nerve conduction could be an indication of damage (Andreassi 2000). The architecture of the nervous system shows that both motor and sensory axons are found in the same neurons. Thus, if a disease affects either of the axons, then the other type of axon could also be affected. Patients who present with nerve diseases could be characterised by various symptoms. For example, they could feel numbness when some stimuli are applied to their bodies. Also, they may have tingling thoughts even in the absence of stimulus. Individuals whose nerves are damaged could have altered responses with regard to temperature and pain. In fact, they could be exposed to elevated temperature and a lot of pain, but they show little responses. Nerve damages have been shown to result in loss of sense with regard to position and vibration. The nervous system may be damaged and appear through acute or chronic manifestations. Demyelination is a common cause of diseases in the nervous system (Misulis 1997). The process involves a loss of the myeln sheath that surrounds axons. Due to the importance of myelin sheath in increasing the speed of nerve conduction, loss of the component results in reduced speed of c
One of the linguistic communities in Southern California is Armenian community that has its own history and cultivated traditions. This paper examines the statistics of the Armenian language native speakers, history of immigration, primary features of the Armenian language and its role in the modern community of its native speakers, including the perception of the younger generation of the diaspora of American Armenians. Section I: Surveys and Statistics In California English is not only most spoken language, but it is an official language according to the law. That is the reason the native speakers of other languages tend to restrict the usage of their mother tongue only to the communication at home or with the other members of the linguistic community. According to the 2010 United States Cencus, the even thought the majority of people only speak English, there are proofs of the increasing role of other languages in the fabric of American community (Ryan 6). The Armenian language in the United States is mostly spoken in the Southern California, where the majority of the Armenian diaspora lives. The Armenian language belongs to the Indo-European language family and constitutes one of its independent branches. It is mostly spoken in the Republic of Armenia; however, the Californian diaspora of Armenians is second biggest in the world (Bakalian 15). According to the 2007 United States Census, 19,7 % of American population spoke the language other than English at home (Shin and Kominski 2). 18,6 % of them are the native speakers of the Indo-European languages other than English and Spanish, which is 3,6 % of the population of the United States. Naturally, among this group of people not everyone is the native speaker of Armenian since the share also belongs to other Indo-European languages including “the Germanic languages, such as German, Yiddish, and Dutch; the Scandinavian languages, such as Swedish and Norwegian; the Romance languages, such as French, Italian, and Portuguese; the Slavic languages, such as Russian, Polish; the Indic languages; Celtic languages; Greek; Baltic languages; and Iranian languages” (Shin and Kominski 2). However, given the fact that the representatives of Armenian diaspora mainly inhabit the area called the Little Armenia in Los Angeles, it is still a strong linguistic community of Southern California. Another statistical evidence that indicates the growing role of the Armenian-speaking community is that Armenian was defined as one of the languages that had fewer than 200,000 in the 1980s, but “more than doubled during the period” (Shin and Kominski 2). In the 2011 United States Census, the figure were not significantly, but representatively different. It indicates the precise number of the native speakers of Armenian that, as to 2010, was 240,402 people, compared to 100,634 in 1980 (Ryan 7). It means that the number of Armenian community members’ increase is 139 %. However, the native speakers of languages other than English are located unevenly on the map. Thus, “metropolitan areas such as New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago generally have large proportions of people who spea
Executive Summary The Starbucks Company was established in 1971 and since then the company has been committed at providing high quality Arabica coffee. The company has been experiencing slump growth due to managerial and technological advances rivals have been making and this forced its former CEO Mr. Howard Schultz to step back and help the company back to its past glory. To ensure the company succeeded, Mr. Howard Schultz used both the individual and random decision making models analyzing the problems the company is facing to enable it achieve its goals. The company, like any other, faces challenges and thus there is need for management to check on the challenges so that they do not derail the comeback process. To recapture its past market share, the company has introduced a new product by the name VIA which is an instant coffee and has received appreciation from the customers and through which it hopes to attract a higher market pool. Although the introduction of VIA is promising, its main misgivings is that it may saturate the market faster than expected and thus lender the equipments used in its processing useless leading to Starbucks incurring losses. Introduction The Starbucks Coffee Company was established in 1971 and since then the company has been committed to providing ethically sourcing and roasting the highest Arabica quality coffee in the world. Presently, with the franchise business well spread through out the globe, the company serves as a leader in roasting and selling of specialty coffee around the world. From the company website as on January 26 2011, the company expects the earning per share to increase up from 1.44S to 1.47$ which reflects a 15% to 20% growth. The company expects the earning per share in the first quarter of the year 2011 to up by 41% compared to the first quarter of the financial year 2010 and in return, this prompted the Board of Directors to declare a 0.13$ dividend per every share owned. For the report released on January 2nd 2011 after the 2 year restructuring program, the total revenues for the company increased by 8% while comparable store sales increased by 7% and these were driven by a 5% increase in traffic and a 2% increase in average stock. The Christmas Blend and Starbucks Christmas VIA were well appreciated by the customers and this led to the recording of the high results. If the company continues with the present momentum, the earning per share might increase by 15 to 20% compared to last year results. Decision Making Model By Howard Schultz stepping down in the year 2000, he used the individual decision making model whereby on his view that the company was performing well, he stepped down and let others run the business but seven years later the Starbucks company was not that promising and thus he took it upon his responsibility to return as the CEO of the Starbucks company so that he could be able to lead it to its former glory before all was lost. On his return, he used the rationale model due to the given facts; he generated the necessary solutions which he only was sure he could implement (Oliveira 2007). Since his return to the helm of th
Introduction The motives behind human behavior are contextual in that the reason as to why I choose to do a certain thing always stands influenced by the current situation and my future aspirations. In the various contexts that shape the human life such as personal experiences, education as well as business life, the actions that shape people’s behavior are dependent on the prevailing conditions. [1] For instance, professional ethics might influence the things that we engage in the business life while the need to succeed in life and have a bright future might influence our actions in our academic life. The factors that influence human deeds in all the contexts of life are shaped by the quest for happiness and attainment of personal freedom. Why we do what we do in our personal life Whether a person is young, middle aged or old, the things that s/he engages in remain geared towards attaining some sense of personal freedom and at times happiness. [2] For instance, a person chooses to have friendships to satisfy the need to associate with other people since a human being is a social being. A person cannot exist in isolation, which explains why humans are constant search of associations through establishing friendships and relationships. Aspiring business people spent a lot of their personal time establishing contacts that will in turn become business contacts to them. [3] There are societal norms [4] and regulations that shape our actions as we take on our personal lives. Certain norms and codes of ethics would dictate people to live in harmony, which makes it possible for them to coexist with one another. While still young, a person is expected to behave in manner that s/he promises to be responsible come the adult age. This explains the high levels or organization that the person is supposed to portray as well as self-discipline and respect for the elderly as well as authorities. Much as every aspect of human behavior is geared towards the attainment of happiness, the extent to which one can strive towards achieving this happiness is always regulated more so when it interferes with the freedoms and rights of others. Several regulating agents include the state laws, religions and the culture of the person. In our personal lives, we live towards attaining happiness while at the same time making sure we conform to the set regulations. Considering the fact that what one does in their personal life impacts either positively or negatively on their other aspects of life, the actions that one chooses should also be considerate of these other aspects. For instance, a certain aspect of personal life such as a love relationship might have either negative or positive effects on academic or business life. Why we do what we do in our business life In the business world today, the existing stiff competition makes the involved parties to always strife to become the best and emerge successful at the end
The Red Crescent Society of the United Arab Emirates is affiliated with the International Federation of Red Cross. Its main objectives are to conduct Red Cross operations systematically throughout the UAE. The organization was founded in Abu Dhabi in 1983 with the support of the Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan. UAE Red Crescent Authority gained international recognition as a member No.: 139 of the International Federation of Red Crescent and Red Cross on 08/27/1986. In 2001, the UAE Red Crescent was voted the number two humanitarian aid agency on Asia’s continent (UAE Red Crescent, 2021). The organization employs over three million people worldwide, including numerous volunteers involved in humanitarian operations; the corporate head office is located in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The Arab Emirates Red Crescent is a non-profit organization whose primary purpose is volunteer and humanitarian aid. The organization has many objectives, such as publicizing a culture of volunteerism to enhance the interest in voluntary work and development of the authority’s human resource capacity to ensure readiness to respond to humanitarian appeals. SWOT-analysis Strengths The first strength of the UAE Red Crescent is workplace diversity, a substantial advantage for a company that operates internationally. Workplace diversity refers to the fact that since the company runs humanitarian aid programs throughout the UAE and has various forms of cooperation in its remit, it is easier to engage people (Alotaibi, 2020). Individuals can work on short-term projects within or outside their city and on long-term projects both online and offline, and the organization also provides internship opportunities. As it is more difficult for humanitarian organizations to attract people to their company, the diverse forms of cooperation are the main strengths of the organization and enable it to attract a large number of people. The second strength of the organization is its direct access to primary commodity suppliers, which helps improve the efficiency of the company’s operations. As the UAE Red Crescent is a non-profit organization, it has extensive access to humanitarian resources donated by various foundations (Alotaibi, 2020). Therefore, the organization has an excellent and productive resource to keep operations on track, since in providing diverse humanitarian aid, the company needs to have quick access to resources. This is also facilitated by the fact that the company’s employees are located throughout the country, in almost every city, which means that access to resources is as easy as possible. Weaknesses The main weaknesses of the UAE Red Crescent are the following. First, the organization may receive criticism from environmentalists for its substandard waste management practices because it allocates resources to many humanitarian operations daily but fails to monitor these resources at the recycling stage properly. Besides, since the humanitarian aid allocated is most often situational and not monitored in terms of its environmental impact, the organization has been criticized for failing to integrate sustainable development into livelihoods. The next problem
The short story Trailer Trash by Webb Harris, Jr. relates the tale of Donny, who resides with his family in a mobile home park. Although outsiders may view them as “trailer trash,” a derogatory term for lower-class white people living in trailers, the story shows the family as the opposite of the label. This essay will consider the impact that the loss of his brother and societal expectations has on Donny. The main character, Donny, lives in a double-wide trailer with his mother, stepfather, and younger sister. In one of the exposition scenes, the character reveals that he
The three-stanza poem “Absolution” written by Siegfried Sassoon reveals the theme of war and the change in its perception by soldiers. They start to see the beauty of the world, meanwhile risking their lives on the battlefield. The author also demonstrates the interconnection between one’s participation in the war and the specific honorable qualities inherent in such a person. Hence, the poem provides for the perception of patriotism and honor by soldiers. Sassoon expresses the acceptance of death shown by the soldiers and the heightening of senses that accompanies the process of reconsidering the notions of freedom and happiness. The general tone of the poem is defined by the contrast of the beautiful and the ugly, the good and evil manifesting themselves through the experience of people at war. These opposites constitute human life and are unconceivable when considered separately from each other. The pride that the soldiers find in their participation in the war is connected to their ability to demonstrate specific qualities and see the beauty in ugliness. These factors define their desire to be on the battlefield and lead them through the life they perceive as real freedom. To convey the feelings of people at war and their perception of patriotism and honor, Sassoon uses various literary techniques. The most important ones are metaphors that can be seen in the lines describing the paradox of simultaneous happiness and loss. They represent the fact that the principal inner conflict of people who take part in the war is extremely important for transmitting the significance of their position. Thus, for example, the author compares time to a golden wind in the grass while reflecting on the path of the legion and its future. Another literary technique used by Sassoon is irony, which is essential for its tone. A clear example of it is in the lines describing the happiness of the legion. The discussion question: can pride and honor be associated with the soldiers or it is merely a perception of the author?
Introduction Child labour can be described any form of economic improving activity for children under the age of 12 depending on the individual state that compromises the child’s right to health, quality education and all work which would compromise the normal growth of the child. The rights of the child under the United Nations convention on the rights of the child have not been described per se but it has left such description to particular states to come up with their own descriptions. A review of the child labour and experience reveals four highly generalised lines of thinking that can be thought to amount to child labour. The Labour Market Perspective This perspective is governed by the Trade unions, industrial and employers associations who maintain that it is the responsibility of the state to keep children out of the work place until they are of the recommended age of working. They are of the view that once a child is below the minimum age he should not be allowed at the work place their reason is that employment is for adults its pressure and stress are evils which the child can not withstand. The labour market perspective view children as completely innocent and ignorant of the world and completely unable to recognise their own interests. Human Capital Perspective This perspective looks at the consequences of employing children in the overall career development including the capacity and potential of every child depending on the upbringing thus if a child is employed and unable to be educated it is detrimental to the child and if a child is to work instead of going to school it is then child labour. I consider where a child would work over school holidays as not to amount to child labour. Social Responsibility Perspective This perspective looks at child labour in the social context rather than economic development. It defines child labour as work which exploits, alienates or opposes children and separates them from society’s normal protection. Such exclusion result from government neglect of the poor and inadequate social compassion and responsibility. Child Centered Perspective This has its origin from section 3 of the convention on the rights of the child which states; “In all action concerning children, the best interest of the child shall be a primary consideration” The perspective considers what the child says and if the child is of the view that the work given to him amount to child labour then that is child labour. The worst form of child labour includes;   * All forms of slaver e.g. sell and trafficking of children   * Procuring and offering children for prostitution   * Procuring and offering a child for illicit activities e.g. for the production and trafficking of drugs.   * Work which by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, Is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of the child. Causes Of Child Labour Some of the demand factor for child labour includes;   * Socio economic status; the economic statue of a country if very low will encourage ch