ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A short description about the Southwest Airlines Southwest Airlines (initially known as Air Southwest) launched its first flight in 1971. Its founders were Herb Kelleher and Rollin King. By then, the company only served three cities within US (Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas) and had not expanded its operations beyond the country. Unfortunately, it incurred remarkable losses in the first two years of its operation. This forced it to vend one of its four aircrafts instead of sacking some of its employees. After enacting viable business strategies, Southwest Airline managed to overcome such obstacles. It announced its first profits in 1973. By 1977, the company had expanded its operations. It served other additional cities like El Paso, Lubbock, and Corpus Christi among others. It later launched interstate destinations within US indicating its prospective growth. Later in 1986, the firm established a training program to equip its flight crews with viable business etiquettes. This enabled it to enhance its competitiveness in the realms of customer services. It later won a monthly Triple Crown prize due to its exemplary services. Upon its rapid expansion, the company acquired Moris Air in 1994 and consequently enhanced its flights to other cities within US. It introduced Ticketless Travel in various cities, a move that augmented its business’ prowess. As at 2006, Southwest Airlines had advanced both technologically, revenue acquisition, and business wise. It acquired ATA Airlines allowing it to attain boarding slots in LaGuardia Airport, New York. This move enabled it to handle international flights after partnering with WestJet Airlines (a prominent low-cost carrier). The company had to increase its charges for both domestic and international services in order to survive in the industry. In order to overcome current challenges facing the airline industry, Southwest Airlines has embraced technological innovations, price adjustments, protocol reforms, and viable acquisitions and mergers. Main Issues/Problems of the case Southwest Airlines is facing numerous problems within the aviation industry. Firstly, there is a constant increase in fuel prices. This leads to increased business costs and other relevant challenges engulfing the entire industry. Another problem is the increase in operational costs mentioned earlier. An airline business is costly to establish, ratify, and operate due to massive logistical issues involved in the entire context. Southwest Airlines is also experiencing such problems despite the witnessed success. There is a considerable need to reduce costs and increase profits in numerous occasions. It is from this context that the entire problems facing the industry lie. Additionally, it is important to consider that some airline business slump due to higher operation
Language is itself a form of expression, or we can also call it an art giving the power to articulate the thought process and spread the message across. Nature has bestowed the animal kingdom and birds with the language for them to express themselves. Be it bees, ants, whales, apes, elephants from tiny birds to huge ones like eagles and vultures, all are naturally given the gift to make not only their presence felt but also express their inhibitions and interests to others in their own world. For animals, language is not required to be learned but they adopt it naturally in their own environment, but it is not so with men. Human beings developed their own language and learned it according to their needs and aspirations and in the environment of their dwellings. What made them different from the animal kingdom? Language for men is not just the way of their expressing power but it is their way through which they could feel associated themselves with their own society, culture and religion. The language was formulated by the conscious efforts of our ancestors who had experimented with the symbols and figures of our cavemen. And the man to conceptualize the meaning of this language in the world of ours is no one else than Hans-Georg Gadamer. He was the man to give the shape to the hermeneutics of the twentieth century. He had training in neo-Kantian scholarship and classical philology and was greatly influenced by the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. He formulated a complete distinctive dialogical approach based on Plato, Aristotle and Heideggerian. He completely ignored subjectivism and relativism, renounced any interpretive methods, and based his understanding on the basis of the linguistic tradition. (Malpas, Online). His relationship with the language and art has been associated with him throughout his life. He followed the process of philosophical hermeneutics of Heidegger but in a different form. Heidegger’s interest was basically based on the ontological perspective of hermeneutics but Gadamer went beyond that to explore and ponder on the historicity of hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is an art of the interpretation of literature, in its various dimensions, especially biblical literature. Therefore, Gadamer had done the interpretation in a historical manner the structure of understanding that opens us to the world outside, but with certain essence of prejudices. The prejudices are the necessary precondition of understanding of our historical past, in other words, prejudices should not be understood negatively but for Gadamer, it plays the most important role as an understanding of the starting point of our understanding transmitted by our tradition. (Negru, 115). Besides
A healthcare program in practice: costs and projected outcomes There are many programs within mental health nursing addressing a variety of issues experienced by patients. One such program is Mindful Moms Training (MMT), an intervention to reduce stress and depressive symptoms in pregnant women (Epel et al., 2019). As the program is relatively new, its costs are difficult to estimate. However, it can be argued that it will be highly cost-effective as it does not require extensive personnel training. Furthermore, it helps prevent depression and disorder-associated weight gain that can have adverse effects on the mother and the child and put an additional strain on the healthcare system. The target population The target population of the MMT is pregnant women with increased levels of stress and depressive symptoms. The program is aimed at pregnant women at risk of excessive gestational weight gain with pre-existent weight issues (Epel et al., 2019). According to Epel et al. (2019), stress and depression experienced during pregnancy can contribute to extreme weight gain and several obstetrical complications, including preterm birth and gestational diabetes. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure women do not experience stress and symptoms of depression during pregnancy. The role of the nurse in the design of this healthcare program Nurses play a significant role in the discussed program, both in design and implementation. Therefore, nurses can provide input for the design of the healthcare program based on their interactions with the patients and the observed effectiveness of its elements. For example, when delivering weekly didactic discussions and sessions, nurses might note that certain information has no effect on the patients’ stress levels or negatively impacts their mental health. Thus, they may advise on what information to amend or when it is better to introduce it. In addition, nurses can report on the effectiveness of the program’s format. The role as an advocate for the target population for this healthcare program Mental health nurses are the primary advocates for pregnant women with depression and stress. Within the MMT program, nurses play the role of educators, providing patients with information on mental health problems during pregnancy and how these issues affect their health. As mental health practitioners, nurses can advise on what mindfulness exercises to include in the program and assess which techniques have little effect on stress reduction and depression. The nurses can also evaluate if the group-sessions design is appropriate or should be changed. The role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation Nurses have a meaningful role in the implementation of the MMT program. Mental health nurses and certified nurse-midwives can lead the program’s series of interventions, instructing women on mindfulness practices. As the MMT program is new and is still being developed, the role of nurses in the implementation of the program informs their role in its design. Thus, nurses th
Introduction The notion that the mathematical sciences are confined to teaching materials and the classroom with students is untenable. In fact, mathematics is not a discipline that studies only strict facts and numerical ratios relevant only to the academic environment. On the contrary, the range of application and discovery of mathematical laws is so broad that it is safe to say that the individual encounters these manifestations literally every day. Thus, mathematical laws are not difficult to detect in the real world. This essay aims to confirm the above thesis through a number of illustrative examples and proofs. Main body The primary focus should be on what mathematics is all about. Many schoolchildren and students mistakenly believe that this discipline studies numbers, figures, and calculations that allow them only to solve problems. This gives the impression of an extremely narrow focus on mathematics. This results in a frequent dislike of the subject by children since they do not understand the real meaning of this science. In fact, mathematics should be defined as the body of knowledge that allows drawing conclusions about the world order (Wilkinson). Thus, mathematical knowledge helps to make logical judgments, solve practical problems, and form ideas supported by the deductive method. In other words, the mathematical sciences have an extensive subject matter, so reducing them only to numbers and quantities does not seem fair. Given the impossibility of reducing the general idea of mathematical science to a single point, it is essential to note that the manifestation of its regularities and concepts is widespread in the real world. In fact, mathematics helps people manage their lives and solve everyday problems, whether they are shopping, building, or calculating rocket science. To put it another way, it is safe to say that without mathematics, human life would be radically different from current life. The following paragraphs consistently and illustratively support this argument through descriptive examples of discovering mathematical relationships in life. Perhaps the most textbook example of mathematical concepts in everyday life is percentages. One can hardly meet a person who has never in their life encountered the need to calculate interest. This might include the use of percentages to calculate a discount on the purchase of goods, as well as the calculation of the amount of the tip to be left with the waiter in a restaurant (Picardo). More specifically, an individual tends to use percentages when calculating the size of a discount in a store, for example. For instance, if an item costs ten dollars, but the price tag indicated a promotional offer of -50%, the individual would be able to calculate that they would only have to pay five dollars. Such estimates often occur automatically if a person’s arithmetical skills are sufficiently trained. In reality, percentages have many more uses than the two cases described and are used in construction, science, analytics, statistics, and other areas of life. Additionally, a prevalent example of accurate detection of mathematical ratios is the Fibonacci sequence. First of all, i
Introduction A few decades ago, many businesses experienced slow change or remained static due to poor management or non-visionary leadership practices. However, an enormous difference exists between the ancient and current business scenarios. Contemporary organisations are characterised by tremendous changes due to continued innovation in the field of technology. This situation has ensured a neck-to-neck competition among various business entities. Highly performing businesses have to adapt to the ever-shifting plans and processes that are implemented to capture new market niches. Various changes in management orientations have led to emergence of practices such as Business Process Management (BPM), Business Process Reengineering (BPR), and Enterprise Integration (EI) among others. This article reviews two organisational approaches that include Business Process Management and Business Process Reengineering by exploring their differences and benefits to modern enterprises. Business Process Management (BPM) and Business Process Reengineering (BPR) BPM is an approach that is systematically implemented in an enterprise to ensure improvement of all automated and non-automated processes. It plays a crucial role in linking together all the activities in the entity. For example, there must be a well-stipulated collaboration between the organisation, information technology, and staff. This approach is accomplished to align the staff with varying business processes and information (Ryan, Stephen, & Wah 2009). In addition, BPM ensures that the enterprise is able to define, apply, and manage all its activities that pertain to interactions among employees and implementation of various types of applications. This situation promotes efficient handling of the vast dynamic change procedures and processes (Ryan, Stephen, & Wah 2009). Business process management must portray features that include modelling of methods that dictate the development and performance of various applications and integration of technologies. For instance, the management of technological business processes demands deployment of competent personnel who can use the internet to retrieve data and display information with a view of maintaining efficient running of
Introduction The main task of this paper is to apply the sociological theory of professions to examine the extent to which health care organizations have the characteristics required to support organizational learning. In this respect, it is necessary to analyze the theory on professions and examine the necessity of organizational learning for the health care staff. I am going to compare the professions and occupations, compare adaptive and generative learning, and include different values that can be beneficial while implementing organizational learning. People working in the area of health care should be able to make decisions influencing the lives of their patients who are ordinary people; improving the care delivery, it is possible to facilitate relationships between health care staff, patients, and other stakeholders in the complicated problems relevant to human health. Some professions are more likely to encounter difficulties related to little knowledge. Occupations in this respect are treated as human activities that help to gain money and do not require formal education. Degrees and certifications are irrelevant for cleaner and front-door security men. Health care provision in modern society has been complicated by the emergence of new health needs and an increase in the number of people requiring health services. In addition, there has been a call for an increase in quality and reduction of health services. Besides, technological advancement and the introduction of new health care procedures have been a challenge to health providers. The new challenges call for creativity and flexibility in service provision. Professionalism and organization learning are some of the concepts that are used to overcome modern challenges. The paper examines the usage of concepts of professionalism and organization learning in health organizations. Characteristics of a learning organization Although the learning characteristics are exhaustive we are going to examine four of the common which were laid down by Argyris (1991, p. 101): communication and openness; inquiry and feedback; adequate time; and mutual respect and support. A learning organization must adopt a culture of dialogue, communication moves vertically across the organization. There ought to be a high participatory level of all individuals in the organization. An organization that has adopted this culture has a robust flow of communication from the bottom of the hierarchy to the top and vice versa. Inquiry encourages people to adopt an inquisitive culture in course of their duty, this helps them analyze the problem critically and also get insights from others in the organization. Feedback involves the responses generated from the inquiries made. The learning organization should allocate ample time for the individual to continue the professionalism. This may include the organization organizing in-house training for the health care practitioners (Freidson, 2007, p. 350). This ensures that public care produces the most qualified health personnel. This reduces the overreliance on the private sector and also reduces the exploitation o
Euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide is a highly debated issue. This issue is outlawed in almost all major countries. Proponents for euthanasia advocate the ending of pain for those who cannot otherwise survive any terminal disease (eHow). On the other hand, the opponents to euthanasia view it as a rejection of human life. The following are some of the articles for and against euthanasia.  1. Jane L Givens and Susan L Mitchell “Concerns about End-of-Life Care and Support for Euthanasia” Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Article in Press – FOR The authors state socio-demographic characteristics of the people are the main reason for popular support. Using data from a 1988 General Social Survey, found various reasons for people supporting euthanasia like concerns about the emotional burden of end-of-life decision making family members and worry about lack of money or insurance will result in poor end-of-life care (Givens & Mitchell, 2009).  1. Isis Kearney “What Does Euthanasia Mean” found available on NHS Exposed website – FOR In this article, the author describes the different categories of euthanasia like voluntary euthanasia, involuntary euthanasia, active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. The author states that euthanasia is to be considered as a pro-choice decision and when legalized the government should implement stricter laws so that there is no abuse of euthanasia by physicians (Kearney).  1. Dr. Gregor Wolbring “Why Disability Rights Movements Do Not Support Euthanasia: Safeguards Broken Beyond Repair” found in Bioethics and Disability website – FOR This article provides a descriptive analysis of euthanasia from different angles. The article deals with the grounds on which the terminally ill cancer patients may decide to opt for euthanasia. The author provides detailed explanation on terms like ‘terminal condition’, ‘physical pain’, ‘consent and competent adult’ and ‘self-determination’. The author cites a British study supporting voluntary and involuntary euthanasia by 80% people (Wolbrnig).  1. Euthnasia.com “Arguments against Euthanasia” available online – AGAINST This article defends each of the arguments, which support euthanasia citing valid arguments of them. This article argues that when euthanasia is legalized there is a distinct possibility that the physicians may become greedy and look only for their financial well-being, when a disabled person chooses to die (Euthnasia.com).  1. Nicholas Beale and Prof. Stuart Horner “Non-Religious Arguments against ‘Voluntary Euthanasia’” available on starcourse website – AGAINST Beale and Horner enumerate the potential problems or issues that may arise when euthanasia is legalized. For instance, the authors are of the view that legalizing voluntary euthanasia might result in a large scale of the practice of advising the patients. They argue that bad cases do not make good law since no system of safeguards could ever be foolproof and therefore, legalizing voluntary euthanasia would lead to legalizing involuntary euthanasia (Beale & Horner).  1. Dr. Robert Pollnitz “Th
Introduction University enabling programs have been designed to accord people without the conventional university entry qualifications a chance to access higher education. In Australian universities, this has been designed for mature age students, disadvantaged students, superior athletes and performers who need to be equipped with skills necessary in tertiary education. Because the very nature of the students targeted in these programs, it is common to find that most educational institutions depend on funding from the government to sponsor its participants. Enabling programs have some of the noblest intentions but it is crucial to assess whether these are actually translated into actual admissions in universities and to determine if the quality of education experienced by students from enabling programs in universities is acceptable. This can best be done by looking at the challenges and the gains of these programs. Weaknesses Intrinsic in the Enabling Programs After successful completion of an enabling program, university administrators will often assume that the participants are now ready to take part in a university degree or course, however, research shows that these assumptions may not always be true. McNaught and McInnis (1995) explain that the university environment has its unique challenges which are radically different from prior experiences undergone by students from enabling programs. One will need to analyse, research, interpret and eventually communicate in a different way. Usually, these skills are learnt in the university but are also developed in prior educational programs. Students from enabling programs may be ill equipped in this area because their academic practices are different. Since one’s environment is a m