ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Consolidated Data in Core Business Processes- Examples Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management is a concerted effort towards streamlining movement of products and supplies downward and upward in a supply chain. IBM has an Integrated Supply Chain team. An ISC team was formed to oversee matters concerning the supply chain. Their main function is to identify weaknesses in the supply chain and identify measures that can be taken to improve performance. Since IBM has operations hubs in various parts of the world, ISC ensures that these teams deliver IBM’s strategies and shareholder expectations through monitoring and optimizing the supply chain. The company uses software that tracks inventory movement and manufacturing real-time. It also updates customer information including ordering, market preferences and alerts production departments to ensure that necessary adjustments are made to forecasting to reflect market needs (Davenport & Brooks, 2004). The flow in the Supply Chain Management is categorized into three major flows depending on the materials in the chain (Davenport & Brooks, 2004). The use of IBM applications is executed in these three flows including the product, information and the flow of finances. IBM applications in Supply Chain Management are categorized into two main software applications. They include Planning Application Software and the Execution Software. Whereas the Planning Applications are used in the process of identifying best filing methods for various orders, the Execution Applications are used to in the physical tracking of conditions of goods (Davenport & Brooks, 2004). In addition to the physical tracking, the Execution Application Software also facilitates the proper material and financial management within the chain (Davenport, & Brooks, 2004). It is worth noting that, the two Supply Chain Management (SCM) Software Applications operates with transparency, hence; allow sharing of information both within and outside the enterprise (Davenport & Brooks, 2004). The use of the IBM applications has facilitated faster and a more cost effective system of not only production of materials, but also the supply of the same materials produced. The cost of transportation, inventory as the flow of information has greatly subsided. Enterprise Resource Planning At IBM Enterprise Resource Planning is a direct effort towards increasing business effectiveness, efficiency, and performance. At IBM, various software solutions have been developed to reflect various functions, departments, processes, and decision-making areas. At a manufacturing plant, the operations manager receives the market information from sales and marketing department that reflects the sale-ability and demand of a certain brand (IBM, 2012). To enable top managers to make strategic decisions, various Decision Support Systems have been incorporated into the ERP systems. This allows top management to assess entry into new production lines, enhance production of an existing product, or cease production of obsolete brands. It is important to
Introduction During the recent years, the traditional discussion of the human resource management (HRM) policies was changed with the accentuation of the strategic human resource management (SHRM) as the way to overcome the possible challenges and to respond to the contemporary trends of the developed global business. The researchers and economists state that the orientation to the strategic human resource management is advantageous, and it contributes to the company’s progress within the industry. However, it is important to focus on the differences between the traditional human resource management and strategic human resource management as the more innovative approach. According to Davidson, HR professionals should “bring their specialist HR functions more closely into alignment with corporate objectives and strategies” (Davidson as cited in Stone 2011, p. 36). This idea reflects the main function of SHRM which is to implement and use HR practices and policies effectively in order to achieve the definite organizational goals. Thus, the aim of the paper is to discuss the particular features of SHRM in relation to such concepts as the correlation between HR and strategic goals, sustainability, competitive advantage, corporate planning and performance which reflect the definite aspects of the company’s progress. To discuss all the mentioned aspects, it is important to concentrate on the specifics of SHRM, on the methods to make the shift from HRM to SHRM, on the role of HR in the company’s development, and on the possible barriers to complete the task. The Particular Features of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) in Comparison with Human Resource Management (HRM) Today, the accents in the business world are made on the globalization processes and a number of integration strategies. From this point, the concept of strategic HRM is more appropriate to be used to compete effectively within any industry. It is not enough to discuss human resources independently within the company, and SHRM is oriented to integrating HR policies and to the realization of the definite organizational goals with the help of HR. The concept of SHRM was developed because of the necessity to respond to the changes in the approaches to the organizational performance and evaluation of HR. It was found that the short-term goals and actions used for HRM were ineffective to correlate with the determined company’s goals which could be discussed as more general in character (Brandenburg, Haas & Byrom 2006). That is why, the long-term strategic goals were accentuated with references to the developed HRM policies. Thus, many HR practices and policies can be effectively used to contribute to the organizational performance and the general effectiveness of the work when they are discussed in relation to the company’s strategies and goals (Lado 2000). The development and implementation of SHRM policies and practices within t
Introduction The question of whether kids with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder should be treated with medicine has always been a heated one. First signs of the disorder can appear as early as 5 years old, and a lot of parents are concerned if it may be too early their children to start taking medication and are wondering about the alternatives. ADHD Treatment In the US, medication and behavioral therapy are the principal tools for treating the disorder. The exception to this rule is the treatment of pre-school children, where only therapy is utilized ( Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 2016), although medication can still be prescribed if the former does not show a positive result. The consensus in the US is that the dangers of delayed treatment often outweigh the risks posed by the early medication. The traditional view is that the drugs for the disorder are some of the safest in the psychiatric practice, while the dangers posed by untreated ADHD include failure in studies, inability to construct social connections, accidents due to lack of focus, and problems with alcohol and drugs (McCarthy, 2016). Implications Despite the recorded effectiveness of the ADHD stimulant medication, there are still concerns about some of the implications of their prolonged use. Most of the academic studies support the short-term effects of medication, but there is still very limited research on the long-term effects and how lasting they are. However, there are recorded examples of severe side effects in children, from weight loss to low-grade depression, character tics, and hallucinations. There are recorded cases of the disorder returning after the medication was stopped ( Side Effects of ADHD Medication , 2016). Some sides of the discussion insist on religion and belief as a useful tool for coping with ADHD both in children and adults (ADDitude Editors, 2016). However, behavior treatment on its own does not always produce results, and, according to Parritz and Troy (2014), lack of effective treatment can cause “noncompliant and negative behaviors [to] occur more frequently, particularly related to issues of responsibility (e.g. chores), rights and privileges (e.g. driving)” (p. 149). Finally, a large number of adults continue to experience ADHD related issues into their adulthood if untreated, which results in antisocial behavior, abuse of substances, and other problems. Conclusion I believe that ADHD is a problem that cannot be solved by using a simple approach for every person. The dangers of the disorder are severe enough, that the need for treatment should be accepted as a fact. Whether it would be though belief, behavior treatment, or medication, should be dependent entirely on the needs of an individual child.
Introduction This is a strategic plan analysis for Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA is the US government agency within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) responsible for safety, effectiveness and quality of products, such as human and animal drugs, 80 percent of the food supply, biological products, medical devices, cosmetics, and radiation-emitting products (Food and Drug Administration, 2014). In addition, the FDA also controls tobacco usages through its health standards. This document analyses the FDA strategic priorities for the year 2014 to 2018. It focuses on its objectives, resource allocation and budgeting to provide a view on how the agency addresses public health concerns. Strategic Priorities Analysis The agency’s strategic priorities consist of four major goals and objectives. These include the following:   * Enhancing oversight of FDA-regulated products   * Improving and safeguarding access to FDA-regulated products to benefit health   * Promoting better informed decisions about the use of FDA-regulated products   * Strengthening organizational excellence and accountability To achieve these strategic goals and objectives, the FDA has adopted five Cross-Cutting Strategic Priorities for the year 2014 to 2018, which include:   * Regulatory Science – developing new tools, standards, and approaches   * Globalization – an international operating model comprising four pillars, including information-sharing; data-driven risk analytics, enhanced intelligence and smart resource allocation   * Smart Regulation – innovative approaches to protect public health   * Safety and Quality- practices, integrity of the supply and methods for public protection   * Stewardship – effective and efficient use of limited resources and maintain the system integrity The FDA believes that these strategic priorities and its principal goals and objectives offer an integrated approach to understand its roles in tackling contemporary public health issues. The agency implements these strategic priorities through different levels. Specifically, top executives must include these core strategic plans into the fiscal year budget to guide formulation and execution processes (Food and Drug Administration, 2014). For instance, the FDA implements and evaluates specific activities at their basic levels in order to observe changes in certain key indicators that show improvement to the achievement of intended outcomes. It also takes into account senior and employee performance plans every year alongside program performance indicators. The agency relates its achievements to long-term strategic objectives and
Introduction Human beings are social animals that depend on each other to live. Whatever thing man needs can only be gotten from another human being. That is the reason why we are constantly reminded that no man is an island. This means that man needs his fellow human beings in order to live a comfortable life. Although this is the case, there is the need for people to have a group of close associates whom they can identify with. In most cases, this small group of friends is responsible for shaping our lives and destiny. The association that exists between friends is the most magnificent connection that one can ever have. Ideally, an ally is somebody who proffers adoration and respect and can not in any way be disloyal to us. One thing that defines true friends from casual acquaintances is that while true friends are always there, acquaintances are only temporal. True friends are people who have seen you during your weakest moments but they still stick by you. In addition, these people have seen you make many silly mistakes but they nonetheless accept you unconditionally. In my life, I have had the privilege of having such kind of friends. These two girls, Shannon and Stacie have been my close friends since my elementary days and this has continued to date. These two girls have seen me cranky and slumber tousled, without any make up, in scruffy clothes- all the things that I have to wear when I need to face the world and yet they have managed to stay in my life and like me as I am. To me, these two are examples of a perfect friendship. Another quality of a good friendship can be exemplified in a boyfriend and a girlfriend desire to be together. The two love each other so much, such that they want to spend each waking moment of their life together. True friends also possess this kind of desire among themselves. Just as in the case between a girlfriend and a boyfriend, true friends avoid situations that might bring up conflicts between them. They also desist from jesting each other, but instead treat each other with deference. This is the same devotion that my friends and I have toward each other. One thing that I have realized is that together we make a strong force that can withstand any kind of pressure. Another thing that best defines friends is the sacrifices that they are willing to make for each other. Good friends have been known to compromise their safety for the sake of a friend. An example of this true friendship can be found in the bible, regarding the story of Jonathan and David. Jonathan risked losing his life by revealing the plan that the king had plotted against David. By warning him, Jonathan was not only risking
Background The case study revolves around Cemex, a leading cement manufacturer headquartered in Mexico and having a presence in more than 50 countries globally. The questions answered in this paper underscore important issues in foreign direct investment as they relate to the company’s international expansion strategy. Theoretical Explanations The theoretical explanations that best explains Cemex’s foreign direct investment (FDI) is the resource-based view (RBV) and the internalization theory. RBV is best demonstrated by how Cemex expanded its operations beyond national borders mostly by purchasing low-performing foreign-based cement companies and turning them around through efficient manufacturing processes, management and operational know-how in the construction sector, focus on customer service, and innovative information systems. Cemex had successfully developed these resources in its domestic market and was sure that it could be used in other countries to the company’s competitive advantage. The internalization theory is best amplified by how Cemex was influenced by an international attitude developed through its successes in initial international expansion initiatives to continue venturing abroad (Andersen, Ahmed, and Chan 44, 61). Value to a Host Economy FDI is defined in the literature as an investment that relates to the “transfer of a vast set of assets (capital, advanced technology, and know-how, better management practices, etc), and is carried out by an entity (a multinational firm) in foreign firms, involving an important stake in, or effective management control” (Forte and Moura 1). From the case study, it is clear that Cemex brings these assets to a host country through resource transfer effects. Other benefits include creating employment for local people, transforming the cement industry in host economies, developing and restructuring local companies, contributing to human capital formation, increasing competition in host economies, and ensuring the integration of local economies into the global economy (Forte and Moura 3). Cemex experienced a drawback of inward investment in Indonesia, where political influence and nationalization
Introduction Brand auditing is a critical outlook of a brand from different dimensions or perspectives to ensure that it is still relevant in the market, to ensure that the brand is competitive in the market and that it corresponds with emerging technological advancements (Aaker, 350). According to Interbrand (11) when a company changes its strategy in order to be relevant in the current market, it also changes its brand in order to portray a new image or beginning, therefore, brand auditing is carried out. Brand audit gives an organization or company an opportunity to examine their brand from different perspectives. For this case, we are going to examine different perspectives of an audit of Marriott. Customers and external partners Marriott International Inc., is one of the biggest companies providing hotel and lodging services around the globe with more than three thousand hotels and lodgings in sixty eight countries. Its headquarters is in Bethesda, Maryland and currently employs close to one hundred and fifty thousand people. It is a preferred hotel for providing services to corporate clients, tourist and leisure travelers. The company operates several brands of hotels worldwide that include Marriott Hotels and resort, Edition hotels, Marriott executive apartments and others. The rooms of Marriott hotels are well designed to meet the demands of all customers which include presidential, deluxe and junior suites. The rooms are fitted with modern day facilities that include direct dialing phones for local and international calls. Other services offered by Marriott hotels are conference facilities, room services, health and recreation facilities, banquet services for small and big meetings, swimming pools, and business centers (Randall, 352). Brand extensions Owing to the demands of the market and strategic growth of the company, Marriott has set up several hotels and resorts all over the world to become a predominant player in the hospitality industry. It has offered its guests warm hospitality, quality services and availed the best facilities that give memorable experiences. The hotels and resorts are strategically located in prime locations to cater for tourist and business needs. The responsibility of managing the interests of the group led to the formation of several brands of the company all
Introduction One of the essential stages in achieving success is determining the desired state, one’s future, in which one wants to be. It allows people to formulate a clear description of the desired state that they want to achieve by completing a specific action plan. Moreover, the result of the statement is a description of qualitative and quantitative signs and properties, by which it will be determined whether the goal is achieved or not. When setting a goal, one needs to realize that all responsibility for attaining the goal lies with the one who decided to meet it. If in the process of implementing the plan, a mistake is made and harm is done, then it must be compensated with the help of personal resources. Correct goal setting is needed not only to determine the endpoint accurately but more importantly, it is to motivate and encourage an even faster and more efficient achievement of the goal by minimizing certainty and stress. Maintaining motivation for success To achieve one’s goals, one needs to define the target correctly and sustain intrinsic motivation. According to Seo et al. (2018), “setting and pursuing goals is an important factor contributing to individuals’ success” (p. 386). To succeed at goal achievement, one needs to integrate self-control, motives, and vision (Kehr,
Introduction The medieval age includes the middle ages in the Roman Emperor Constantine’s (REC) conversion to Christianity. The very early years of medieval was commonly known as the Dark ages. The medieval history refers to the history during the 14 th and 16 th centuries in the European history. This aspect takes into consideration the life during the medieval history that starts from the landless self to the high class and people living in luxury and comfortable life in EuropeLater the Protestants church was launched by Luther. This paper takes a study of the medieval age and the medieval society through an Aristocrat Knight. The paper then studies the life in the medieval after having an elaborate discussion of who Knight was. The paper analyses two works; the medieval castle and the poem of Cid. The analysis of the two works is aimed at giving a comparison or similarities in the genre provided. Medieval Knight Knight was a type of man fighting during the medieval ages. According to a modern comparison, the medieval Knight can be referred to as a modern tank. This emphasizes its size and its fierceness in war. Knight had a number of layers full of armor and the Knight could easily move through the foot soldiers. This means that during this time, there was no single foot soldier that could dare wage war against a single Knight. In terms of wealth, Knight was considered the wealthiest and richest of all the three soldiers in the medieval time. This emphasizes that it was not easy to be called a Knight during this time. Being part of a knight was considered in the society as a form of feudal agreement whereby in exchange for service in the military, the medieval Knight was given a fief. In later ages, the Knights decided to pay their lords some money called “shield money” so that the lord could give them permission to offer their service to the king’s army. Goodrich (1961) points out that there are three ways of becoming a Knight. The most important way was by being the son of a noble person who was to be trained as a page and then could take his time doing exercises to keep his body strong. This included a thorough preparation by using different weapons e.g. the spear and the sword. A young man could also become a Knight after succeeding in a fierce battle. Life of Knight in the Medieval Castle The life system of the medieval castle was under the government of a medieval kind of Feudal system. Power comes from above e.g. from the Lord, they were at the top of the pyramid. In this system, the top powers had lots of comfort in life. Down the pyramid, we had a change in life from the top comfort to a life that had little pleasures or no pleasure at all. However, one’s status was directly dictated by a courtly manner and a courtly love. This