ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The rise of e- politics materialised in the late 1990’s up to the early twenty first century as brought about by the races by presidential candidates. Consequently, an increase in the population utilizing internet to gather news, as well as; carry out research on the substitutes for policies rose gradually due to the diffusion in technology (Klotz 2004, p. 30). It is noteworthy that recently the internet has risen as a mode of enhancing political participation. Internet platform also helps in the facilitation of a number of political actions, which were initially communicated by use of conventional methods such as post mail, telephone or face to face. As a result, intellectuals have argued that the consequences of the utilization of internet will ensure that the reduction in the current downhill tendency that has been experienced in public commitment is achieved (Johnson & Kaye 2003, p. 20). This can be done through creation of a more convenient and less costly alternative to traditional outlets (Dimaggio et al 2001, p. 320). Though some scholars have argued that the e- politics is not viable in a population that is stratified in such a way that some people have more wealth than others, other scholars strongly argue that it has its positive side. The main aim of this study is to find out if the utilization of e- politics by politicians, as well as journalists has changed the nature of political communication in Australia in terms of its effects on the citizens. Effects of the utilisation of e- politics on Australia’s political communication In order to understand the effect that the use of e-politics by politicians, journalists and citizens would have on Australia’s political communication, it is important to understand a key terms like political communication. In this case it refers to an interactive procedure which deals with the transmission of information among politicians, the news media and the public (Jessop 1998, p. 20). The approach in transmission of information is top- down whereby the information being transmitted comes from the government officials and links in a horizontal manner with the political actors. Moreover, it also gets transmitted in a bottom-up approach where information comes from the public to the government by use of public opinion. Political communication is characterised by production, contents, as well as; effects (Klotz 2004, p. 28). E- Politics refers to the utilization of Information Communication Technology in the political process. The utilization of e-politics has been on the rise around the world. Countries which have adopted the e-politics include countries like the UK, America, and Australia (Coleman 2003, p. 35). The use of Information Communication technology can transform political communication in a country like Australia in a number of ways. This is more so when it comes to the part played by the parliaments. It is expected that e- politics will change political communication in Australia in a number of ways which include; disinter arbitration and direct democracy (Kingdon 2003, p.35). In this case Information Communication Technology helps to circumvent politic
Among the unique features of literary works is the ability to reflect quite common events through a number of literary devices that help the author represent those events as a powerful spiritual experience. As it is proved by the narrative poem “The Fish” written by Elizabeth Bishop, even such an ordinary pastime as fishing can become an outstanding occurrence full of emotional and spiritual significance. By means of such figures of speech as personification, simile, symbolism, and irony, Bishop succeeds in rendering the theme of her poem, the necessity for spiritual unity with the nature and for the recognition of everyone’s unique identity. One of the most widely used figures of speech with regard to animals is personification, and Bishop employs it generously to impart individuality to the fish in the narrator’s hand. Starting from the first lines and till the very end of the poem, the narrator mostly refers to the fish as “him” instead of the more traditional “it”: “… held him beside the boat”, “He didn’t fight. / He hadn’t fought at all. / He hung a grunting weight”, “his aching jaw” (Bishop 581–582). However, it is obvious that the narrator is startled at such humanization of a fish, since once in the whole poem the fish is still described through “it”: “with my hook / fast in a corner of its mouth” (Bishop 581). In addition, the detailed account of the fish appearance is interrupted by the narrator’s questioning whether a fish can be described in human terms: “if you could call it a lip” (Bishop 582). Such fluctuations serve to emphasize the astonishment of the narrator when she discovers that she can relate to the fish as to an equal being. The narrator’s indecisiveness regarding the treatment of fish is reflected in the similes Bishop uses to describe the catch. Especially remarkable in this respect are the lines “…his brown skin hung in strips like ancient wallpaper, and its pattern of darker brown was like wallpaper: shapes like full-blown roses stained and lost through age.” (Bishop 581) In the first four lines Bishop uses the comparison to wallpaper twice, to describe both the texture and the pattern of the fish skin. This similarity to an artificial and inanimate object immediately distances the narrator from the fish, presenting the latter as unattractive. However, in order to get closer to the fish and to appreciate its appearance, Bishop employs a simile to “full-blown roses”, immediately spiritualizing the fish by this comparison to beautiful flowers (581). By means of simile, Bishop vividly demonstrates how the narrator’s view of her catch connects the fish to all the universe around. On the one hand, the fish is compared to other objects of nature like flowers (roses and peonies) and birds covered with feathers (Bishop 581). This comparison reveals the hidden meaning of fish as a living creature that is beautiful as a flower and free as a bird. On the other hand, Bishop draws a parallel between the fish and the man-made objects: weapons and medals (582). Conseque
Introduction Eating disorders are obsessive disturbances in an individual related to one’s eating habits, and/or general behavior, with the intention to control weight. Eating disorders result in impaired physical health or psychological dysfunction. There has been a focus on eating disorders among women, yet research shows that there is only small to moderate variation in the occurrence of eating disorders between males and females (Weltzin et al. 2012). The research indicates that the prevalence of eating disorders in the male population has increased in the recent years. This is a major problem among the teenagers because they are usually affected by slight public sentiments. This paper aims at reviewing available scientific literature on eating disorders in the male adolescent population and evaluating the etiology and pathophysiology of these eating disorders, as well as interventions given. Risk Factors According to Weltzin et al. (2012), the risk factors for eating disorders are multi-factorial. Sports, and especially those that are ideal for individuals with less body fat, encourage eating disorders as individuals seek to achieve lesser body size. In the contemporary society where body image is very essential, adolescents are psychologically disturbed regarding their body images. In the same way that females are concerned with clothing and femininity, male adolescents are interested in having a physically fit body; thus, they develop a desire to be slender. Genetic predisposition is also suggested to be a risk factor for eating disorders (Weltzin et al. 2012). Genetic traits that lead to eating disorders are perfectionism, behavioral rigidity and avoidance of harm, as opposed to genetic traits of hunger. Impact Individuals diagnosed with eating disorders are also often diagnosed with mental and psychological instability. According to a study by Weltzin et al. (2012), 69% of the males on residential treatment had depression. This mental instability affects receptiveness and response to treatment. Eating disorder merely begins as a desire with reference to the risk factors mentioned above, and turns out to be a psychological and mental condition. When frustration is heightened, individuals turn to substance abuse. Anorexia Nervosa results in severe weight loss that is physically observed as thinness. In addition, people engage in unhealthy behaviors in their attempt to attain the desired body size, for example, too much exercise in men. Men in contrast to women are more vulnerable to excessive exercises due to “lack of control, less alternative activities and increased tolerance” (Weltzin et al. 2012). In addition, individuals with eating disorders are usually in a state of denial and often refuse treatment (Geller, Brown & Srikameswaran, 2010). Nursing Interventions As noted above, individuals with eating disorders have physical, psychological, and mental conditions that should be adequately addressed by the intervention being given. However,
Introduction Andy Warhol is one of the most admired and widely discussed artists that worked in the genre of pop art. Warhol is often called a controversial artist, he once emphasized that the viewers never need to look deeper than the surface evaluating his art works. The artist meant that his works speak for themselves and their symbolism is right on the surface, so one must not look for hidden meanings or “read between the lines”. Andy Warhol’s Pop Art Andy Warhol’s “Campbell’s Soup Cans” is an artwork that consists of thirty two separate pieces. Each piece has just one image, which is a close up picture of a Campbell soup can, each of the pieces depicts different soup, which is marked in the labels on the cans. The work first appeared in 1962, at that time Campbell Soup Company had thirty two product flavors in total. Warhol turned each of them into a pop art work. When this work was exhibited for the first time in Los Angeles, all the thirty two pictures were set in a row on the shelves as if they were actual goods in a grocery store (Campbell’s Soup Cans par 2). Currently all of the pieces of the work are kept at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. They are currently arranged chronologically according to the release dates of each of the soup flavors presented by the artist. This art work represents the classics of the genre of pop art. First of all it is a mechanical repetitive pattern. Secondly, for this work Andy Warhol took a brand name and a label and presented it as an art piece. Finally, the artist created a modular series created by means of silk screening, which adds to the technical side to the art work making it even more modern (Andy Warhol. Campbell’s Soup Cans par. 4). Taking a mundane object and turning it into an art work, Warhol suggested looking differently at this object, seeing more than just an advertisement in this repetitive pattern (Why is this art? Andy Warhol, Campbell’s Soup Cans par. 1).Warhol pointed out that mass production and consumption are significant parts of the modern culture (Pop Art- the art of popular culture par. 1). Pop art as a genre occurred in the United States and Britain in 1950s and 1960s. The art was a revolt against the classical standards in art, the orthodoxies. For the first time ar
Directed by Peter Weir, ‘The Truman Show Movie’ is a captivating film produced in 1998. It is set in the city of New York. The film explores the life of a man who is not aware that the world is getting his every action through a television broadcast, whether eating or sleeping, since his childhood. Employing the elements of literature, Weir uses characters like Truman Burbank, the major character, Silvia, Truman first love, Christof, the creator, among others. Truman has been enclosed for 30 years in a dome with a set ‘sea haven’ that captures everything that happens. His life is under a strict control of his creator, Christof who ensures that he never suspects anything related to the show which only targets him. This overview tackles the writer’s purpose, the life of Truman in relation to that of Jesus Christ as well as that of Christof in relation to that of God. Weir’s purpose in this film was to develop some crucial themes evident in the current world. He has clarified the theme of ‘the big picture’ referred to as a world in a world. “Since Truman lives in a television studio and doesn’t know the outside world exists, he is not able to see the big picture” (MacGaffin, 2007). This relates to the people who believe in life after death, implying their imagination of another world different from their current one. Weir is showing the big picture people do not see. The theme of fear stands out clear in the film. Truman is in deep fear of water and to arrest this situation he needs to seize it. The writer emphasizes on the various barriers that people encounter in life and that if they are in want of a better life, they ought to develop the courage of finding out this life by fighting all the hindering obstacles. The theme of determination has also been developed. Truman has realized that he ought to cross the sea, though immeasurable, in order to get in touch with this other life he imagines of as being better than his current one. This is meant to induce the willpower of those who yearn for success showing them how it is possible for them to achieve their imaginings. The film makes it clear that there exist similarities and differences between Truman and Jesus Christ. For instance, Truman is known everywhere just like Jesus Christ. Basing on the birth and childhood life of Jesus Christ, it is evident that neither His ‘being conceived’ nor his ‘being born’ is liked by people of His time. This follows from the fact that His poor mother cannot get any, to offer her a place conducive for child bearing. He is born in a manger. Truman on the other hand is an adopted kid selected from five redundant pregnancies showing how his birth is not welcomed. Also Jesus has lived on Earth where everything is not as He wishes it be. All is weird but he manages to conquer all temptations that can deprive Him is divine powers. So is Truman. He realizes that his present environment is not what it ought to be for him and therefore manages to overcome any barrier that
Below is a Television Advertising script comprising a Television Product promoter TV Presenter: Have you ever wondered what are options are available out there as substitutes for the lover of juicy meat products, Well today we bring to our top food products review to present one food product that will transform your diet and health, What do we have today Mr. Davis ( ask the promoter)? Promoter: Do you know that you can not fool a meat lover with any vegetarian product?; but for health-conscious consumers, the Grilled Garden Burger is a premium healthy food alternative to the meaty counterpart: TV Presenter: So what does this burger contain? Promoter: The standard 71g garden Burger has 90 calories from fat 30 and has absolutely o saturated fat. The Burger has also high health value owing to its zero levels of Trans fat and cholesterol (with a raised voice and eye contact). The burger also comes with significant nutrient components of Sodium (500g-21%) and potassium (280mg-8%). The total carbohydrate of the burger amounts to 6g which is 2% of the whole production unit. Presenter: Ok, tell us about the fiber and other important components as well. Promoter: Dietary fiber component of the burger is at a significant 20% owing to its organic composition and contains zero sugars. The burger also comes with valuable protein content of 12g comprising 23% percent of the entire production unit. The product has a six percentage calcium component as well as ten percentage iron component. Presenter: So what Ingredients make up this salacious burger? Promoter: Well you’ve got soy protein concentrate with water for hydration, canola oil, textured wheat protein (wheat gluten, wheat starch), contains two percent or less of modified vegetable gum, yeast extract, natural flavor, onion powder, autolyzed yeast extract, salt, soy sauce (water, wheat, soybeans, salt, vinegar, lactic acid), toasted sesame oil, spice, caramel color, lactic acid, gum acacia, citric acid, succinic acid, yeast. Presenter: I’m sure our listeners would want to know how best to prepare this, take through some of the best methods of preparing the burger. Promoter: Well For the best results the garden Burger has to be kept frozen until it is ready to be used. For the reasons of food safety and quality, the burger must be heated to a minimum Internal Temperature of 1600. For the stove, method follow the following steps:  1. The Frozen patties must be removed from package.  2. Both sides of the pattie can be then sprayed lightly with cooking oil.  3. One pattie must be placed in a non-stick skillet and must be cooked over medium temperature for up to five minutes.  4. The pattie must be flipped and cooked for up to five minutes.  5. After the fourth stage, the hot burger must then be carefully removed from the skillet.  6. Cool the burger for a short while of up to five minutes before serving depending on room temperatures. Presenter: OK What about the microwave method? Promoter: Ok I was coming to that, for the microwave method the following steps must be followed or th
Chile case study For several decades now, the world has been closely following the development of Chilean politics, with a variance of opinion, not least of which has been a condemnation of the 1973 military coup. This is an important period for especially the Chileans; for it marked the start of the more than 30 years of military rule by the Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. As such, a lot of outrage would be expected at the subsequent and persistent human rights abuse during the Pinochet military rule. Another reason why the 1973 Chilean military coup is important historically is that it somewhat set a precedent in the South American region, whereby there was to follow a spate of military democratic breakdown in such countries as Argentina (1966 and later1976), Brazil (1964), Uruguay (1973) and Peru (1968) (Linz and Stepan 1978; Collier 1979; Foweraker, Landman, and Harvey 2003). By and large, these authoritarian regimes were led by military juntas, who henceforth assumed the rule of their respective countries. In the case of Chile, however, the initial takeover by the junta pave the way for the ascension into power of Augusto Pinochet, thereby allowing for the establishment of a more personalized rule (Valenzuela and Constable 1991). In 1974, Pinochet consolidated his power following his declaration as to the president of the Chilean republic and later disseminated a new constitution in 1980. During the entire regime of Pinochet in Chile, suspected subversives and dissidents were regularly exiled, tortured, and killed. Thi
Introduction Shepherd Naomi in her book “Ploughing Sand: British Rule in Palestine, 1917-1948” extensively explored from the start of the British occupation in 1917 up to the enactment of the Palestinian Citizenship Order in Council in 1925, (the people of Palestine was in transition (Shepherd, 2000). As the Palestinian Mandate (adopted in 1922) and the Treaty of Lausanne (imposed in 1924) acknowledged a separate nationality for Palestine’s residents on the international level, Palestinians people was without complete inland regulation then. These eight years brought about the first transitional phase in the history of Palestinian nationality (Shepherd, 2000). Separation from Ottoman Empire Succeeding its separation from the Ottoman Empire, Palestine saw itself bordered by newly emerged nations. On its separation from Ottoman Empire, the region of Palestine and its populace became distinct from its bordering countries. This division had actually started between Palestine and the newly-created Arab ‘states’: Trans-Jordan, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon (Shepherd, 2000). Almost immediately after that, Palestine’s borders attained lasting acknowledgment through mutual accords held with the legislature of neighboring states (Shepherd, 2000). Besides, as a result of the international lawful underlying structure set up by the Treaty of Lausanne, all the four newly-created Arab ‘states’ and their diverse populations created a separate nationality of their own by inland legislation (Shepherd, 2000). The nationalities of each of these countries have since then turn out to be well-established. Transitional stage According to Shepherd Naomi, “nationalities in the bordering countries of Palestine were obviously distinct from Palestinian nationality soon after the fall of The Ottoman Empire. Palestinian people were addressed as aliens in these countries, while citizens of these bordering countries were also regarded as aliens in Palestine. Palestine Development stage From the viewpoint of
Summary Key features of cardiovascular and nutrition program The key features of my cardiovascular and nutrition program are (American Heart Association):   * The program trained participants on ways of preventing and ceasing the smoking of tobacco, which is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases.   * The importance and conduction of regular physical exercise.   * Effective ways of reducing stress and managing it.   * The importance of regular screening and detection of cardiovascular diseases.   * The importance of healthy eating and nutritional education.   * The process of weight management.   * Detecting and managing cardiovascular diseases.   * General training on cardiovascular training such as the use of external defibrillators and resuscitation.   * Promotion of health behaviors in the environment.   * The importance of occupational health and safety.   * Provision of information on calorie intake.   * The composition of a healthy diet.   * Prescription for physical exercise.   * Duration and frequency of physical exercise. Explanation of why these key features were emphasized The program emphasized prevention and cessation of tobacco smoking because the practice is harmful directly to the person smoking and to the surroundings, including the people around, which contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates. Physical activity on a regular basis is important in maintaining good health and promoting healthy living, in addition to preventing cardiovascular risk factors from developing in individuals. There is a positive correlation between the development of cardiovascular diseases and stress among individuals living in a growingly demanding environment, which highlights the importance of training on stress reduction and management. Screening and early detection of cardiovascular diseases are important for the identification of predisposing factors such as hypertension, abnormality in blood lipids, obesity, diabetes, and advocating for behavior change. Maintenance of the ideal weight and provision of continuous nutritional education forms the basis of preventive actions and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. General training in cardiovascular diseases helps individuals in providing the necessary support and first aid in case of unexpected development of problems. The promotion of a healthy environment is critical mainly because of the various aspects of the environment that contribute to heart problems. Because of the role of occupations in developing heart conditions, training participants on safety and healthy workplaces help in the prevention of such diseases. The other areas focus on the provision of nutritional information, which helps in ensuring healthy meals and enable people to calculate calories taken at every meal. Physical activity is a major aspect of the cardiovascular training and nutrition program because of the significance of exercise in minimizing risky factors and maintaining healthy (American Heart Association, 2007). Benefits of cardiovascular training Accor