ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Industrial undertakings involve a lot of synthetic processes. They also involve mixing, separation, and other procedures (Keyan, Junde & Jungshen, 2013). A number of different methods are used in the separation of fluids. One of the most common techniques is pervaporation. Over the past few years, this method has been widely used in conjunction with another process known as permeation to dehydrate materials. According to Keyan et al. (2013), the process is mostly used in common organic compounds. Such materials include esters, alcohols, and ketones. In this paper, the author conducts a review of the literature revolving around pervaporation in relation to industrial processes. The review is carried out in the context of the article published by Villaluenga, Khayet, Godino, Seoane, and Mengual (2004). The article focuses on the thickness of the membrane and its effects on the said process. To this end, the author of this paper analyses the findings and arguments made by Villaluenga et al. (2004). An explanation of how the analysis was carried out, and the results obtained is provided. The literature review concludes with the author’s personal opinion on the subject. The Effects of Membrane Thickness on the Pervaporation of Organic Solvents As mentioned earlier, pervaporation is a common procedure in the industrial production of materials. It is the preferred method of separating mixtures that are organic in nature. In their study, Villaluenga et al. (2004) sought to determine how the thickness of a membrane affects this procedure. Villaluenga et al. (2004) focused on specific solvents to conduct this study. They concentrated on methanol and a methyl tertiary butyl ether mixture. In the process of carrying out the study, the thinking and rationalization of these researchers were governed by the fact that pervaporation has to take place through a membrane. Nobert (2003) provides a working definition of the pervaporation process. According to Nobert (2003), it is an avenue through which liquids are sifted by means of partial separation. As indicated earlier in this paper, the process requires a membrane for the actual separation to occur. The principle behind this technique is the difference in the molecular sizes of the liquid mixtures. Villaluenga et al. (2004) argue that the term ‘pervaporation’ has various implications. For example, the name suggests that the ‘permeate’ being sought after undergoes a partial change of state. The material changes its state from liquid to gas. The whole process is likened to the sieving of a given mixture. Under such circumstances, the desired substance is generated from one side of the sieve, while the mixture is in contact with the wall of the strainer on the oppos
The study on the impact of national culture on organizational performance and leadership styles required the researcher to conduct comprehensive research to establish the prevailing facts on the subject. However, this meant that a quantitative research model was imperative. The study required gathering data, evaluating and analyzing information to acquire accurate results. Data was collected from the respondents considering the diverse responses stipulated in the research questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of 54 research questions. Each of the questions had at least two sets of responses (yes or no) while others had five different responses. Given that there were 19 respondents, the amount of data collected was overwhelming since each person had different views regarding each question. Both genders were included in the research and this fostered the study. The resources allocated for the research were limited. For instance, time allocated was a challenging constraint in realizing the study results. In response to a large amount of data, it became essential to employ a tool that would facilitate accuracy while observing the research timeline. In this respect, the use of computer data analyzers was inevitable. The availability of Microsoft Office 2007 helped put the information in a single database. To start with, the data that was on hardcopy questionnaires was entered into the computer in their respective formats, text, and numbers depending on the question asked. In this regard, Microsoft Excel 2007 was instrumental in facilitating data entry. The workbook had 55 sheets each for every question, one for the combined information (base worksheet), Independent variables, Test outcomes, key constituents, Discriminant measurement, and Performance regressions. The base worksheet is composed of seven columns namely the serial number, Question number, Overall percentage, and the remaining four for statistical analysis, as well as 49 rows for each of the questions starting from Q6 to Q54. Indeed, this was necessary given that the filled questionnaires were received depending on the capacity of the respondent to fill and return them. When a questionnaire was received, the data was entered into the database and the researcher did any necessary rectification. The strategy helped in identifying any ensuing mistakes or data gaps and instant rectification was done on such entries before storing the entries in the database. Inherently, the measure ensured that the data stored was accurate and would generate perfect results. Once all the questionnaires were returned and the primary information captured electronically, it was necessary to organize data according to specific criteria. The initial step was to sort the data according to gender. This was facilitated by the ‘Sort and filter’ Excel tool. The data sorted according to gender was then pasted into different sheets. For instance, one for female respondents and
What is the strongest people’s fear which influences their life and attitude to the reality and to the other persons? It is the fear of death. Life as the major value which people have can also be discussed from the point of death as its opposite side. If people consider life as the most significant value, it is rather difficult for them to determine the clear attitude to death. The difference in attitudes depends on the difference in the intensity of the fear. Death is the main theme of such works as the poem by Dylan Thomas “Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night” and the short story by Ambrose Bierce “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”. Moreover, death is also is one of the important motifs in the piece of poetry written by John Donne and known as “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”. There are the centuries between these works, but the themes discussed in them have no time limitations, and the authors have as differences as similarities in their visions of the problem of death. Bierce discusses death as the opposite side of life, Thomas accentuates that death is the enemy and people must fight with him, and Donne concentrates on death as the metaphor for persons’ parting. To analyze the peculiarities of the authors’ approaches to the issue, it is necessary to focus on their opinion on what separates death and life. John Donne wrote his poem in 1611 as the manifestation of the limitlessness of spiritual love. Thus, if people love each other, any borders in space and time cannot destroy their spiritual bonds. Such vision is typical for the metaphysical poetry of John Donne. Nevertheless, the symbol of death in the combination with the love theme creates a new specific vision of the idea. Donne relates to death in the first lines of his poem. Thus, he says that “As virtuous men pass mildly away, / And whisper to their souls to go, / Whilst some of their sad friends do say, / “The breath goes now,” and some say, “No” (Donne 1-4). To understand the link of the beginning of the poem with the theme of love, it is important to pay
The Decline in State Support for Education and Its Effects on the Human Relations Function of Educational Institutions To be able to show how the decline of state support for education affects human relations function of educational institutions, it will be prudent to first look at what human relations mean. Human relations deal with the problems faced by human beings due to interpersonal and organizational relations within an industry. It is meant to enhance efficiency in adjustments, among both persons and groups within an organization. In most countries, the state is responsible for supporting education. This is despite the presence of privatized education in the form of private schools and colleges. However, the law from the state will often affect these private institutions. Regarding public education, the state is charged with the responsibility of providing support, mainly, in the form of funding. This is done in the form of providing fees and bursary for students at the primary, high school and college level. Teaching staff in educational institutions is also funded by the state. However, there are cases where the state has been unable to provide this support due to several reasons. This could be due to misappropriation of the funds, lack of commitment in honouring pledges to provide teachers’ pay rise or simply, due to misplaced priorities within the budget (UNESCO, 2007, p. 209). The effects of failure to provide teachers with an adequate pay-rise would lower their motivation and may, therefore, result in underperformance. This, in turn, may result in disagreements with senior officials within the educational sector, who may be on the side of the state and are also out to demand better performance. There are cases where teachers have had to go on strike because of this. In cases where there has been embezzlement of funds and leaders in the ministry of education do not want to take responsibility, donors for such programs may withdraw their support causing both the learners and the entire system to suffer. In some nations, the politicians, having failed to take responsibility, end up blaming other stakeholders within the institutions. Moreover, in nations, where there’s no political will by the state to support education by hiring more teachers, the quality of education has been eroded due to the higher student: teache
There is no use denying the fact that nowadays education plays an important role in the life of every person. The thing is that due to the achieved level of technical development a person obtains a great number of facts every day. Moreover, he/she should process them and be able to use all information which comes from different sources. Besides, taking into account tempos of the development of science nowadays, it is possible to assume that new approaches to some traditional things will appear and a person should be ready to face these challenges Under these conditions, the issue of special education obtains great importance. The thing is that there have always been people with some special needs. Thus, nowadays they also want to become the part of a scientific sphere and obtain a good education. Moreover, technical revolution created many various remedies which could help people with special needs to obtain knowledge. With this in mind, it is possible to say that the issue of special education should be given especial importance and researched nowadays. Investigating this issue, it is possible to say, that it is quite easy to obtain the needed information. The thing is that the key words like special education, special needs, value-added assessment, teacher preparation could help to find the needed sources connected with the issue. Moreover, there are no certain search limiters as a great number of sources, found with the help of these key words, could be used for the investigation of the issue. The only thing which should be given especial importance is the credibility of a source. A researcher could not use the information which is not proved and can distort results of the investigation. That is why, only scholarly sources could be recommended for investigation. For example, peer reviewed articles could be used to obta
Abstract The public health campaign addresses the issue of HIV prevention among young adults. The target group was selected due to its representatives’ high vulnerability to the identified health problem. The paper incorporates three significant components of the successful organization of the project. The first element is the use of systems thinking as a holistic approach to the health issue. The second component is the employment of research dedicated to the health problem. The third constituent is the use of interprofessional collaboration as an effective method of managing the HIV prevention process. Each of these elements is regarded by the public health professional. Pertinent data, examples, and evidence are offered to illustrate the selected problem better. The knowledge and skills necessary for public health professionals to address the health issue effectively are identified. Particular attention is paid to the arrangement of interprofessional collaboration, its drivers, and predictors. The aspects of teamwork that promote positive public health campaign outcomes are identified. The usefulness of research in the process of arranging a prevention project is analyzed. In the conclusion, the main points of the paper are summarized, and the skills necessary for productive work are reiterated. Introduction The purpose of the present paper is to offer an overview of the approaches a public health professional can use while implementing a public health campaign on HIV prevention in young adults. Because there are currently no successful treatment methods for this disease, prevention is the most effective way of saving youth from developing HIV. The selected target group is the most vulnerable to the health issue because of substance abuse and unsafe sexual behaviors. The paper will discuss how systems thinking, research and interp
The economic recessions that the world has been experiencing can not be prevented without a collective effort from the international community. The current global economy is characterized by high unemployment rates, social inequality and lack of proper regulations which have led to economic instability in many countries around the world (Danes, 2008). The international community has been reluctant to come up with appropriate measures to prevent present and future economic recessions. The current global economic model does not enhance accountability in the global financial system and this has been one of the major causes of recent economic recessions (Danes, 2008). Developing countries find it difficult to sustain their debts and this is always a major challenge to trade and investment. This paper will discuss how the international community can work together to protect the global economy from recession. The international community should come up with global solutions to prevent global economic recessions (Carbaugh, 2011). Each country should come up with necessary structural reforms that can streamline the financial system and at the same time deal with all internal economic imbalances. Good economic governance plays a critical role in creating the necessary conditions for economic growth (Carbaugh, 2011). The leadership in every country should take good care of public resources as a way of enhancing economic sustainability. Good governance ensures that necessary financial firewalls are put in place to promote global economic sustainability (Nanto, 2009). The leadership in the financial sector can prevent or trigger an economic recession depending on how it controls the financial market. All economic unions around the world should come up with structures that can promote economic sustainability i
Over the past three decades, the religious ministry has transitioned to become an integral aspect among most individuals worldwide. More specifically, many people, irrespective of their differences, including age, race, and social status, view the global sports ministry as a crucial societal aspect. It causes several governments and private entities tend to recognize the importance and utilize the sports ministry to advance positive societal components in respective governments and religions. Nonetheless, taking part in the global sports ministry presents significant risks that ought to be addressed with practical strategies. One essential risk involved with global sports ministry is cross-cultural problems in the host country. According to Plueddemann (2012), cross-cultural risk is a notable aspect that could potentially arise as a result of differences in lifestyles, languages, habits, and customs. This crucial risk can significantly affect the global sports ministry process, particularly in the international environment. The risk could come up because different international countries have different practices that might affect it in general. Another essential threat involved in taking part in the global sports ministry is political challenges. In most cases, this political concern occurs when the government of a nation unexpectedly alters its primary policies. The changes in policies could negatively affect the global sports ministry as a foreign entity. The changes may adopt different instances such as religious or sports barriers that could serve to either prevent or limit the sports ministry’s global activities in a given host country. This risk is made more complex by different countries opting to consider the removal of free-trade agreements in the sports sector. Therefore, this demonstrates that political risk is a notable concern in the global sports ministry that should be considered. One strategy to lessen the risks involved with taking part in the global sports ministry is having diverse knowledge of all
Introduction Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium that resides in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. Some strains of E. coli cause diseases, primarily diarrhea, while others are safe. Different bacterial strains ferment different carbohydrate sources (Bello, Bello, Egberongbe, Azeez, & Oluwadun, 2013). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that demonstrates a high level of antibiotic resistance and causes hospital infections with a high rate of mortality. P. aeruginosa is metabolically changeable and can utilize different sources of carbohydrates (Gellatly & Hancock, 2013). Proteus mirabilis is a gram-negative bacterium that is a normal inhabitant of the human intestine. However, it can cause infections—in particular, urinary tract diseases. P. mirabilis can use a wide range of carbohydrates (Umar, Yaya, Yusuf, Tafinta, Aliko,& Lawal, 2016). Enterobacter aerogenes is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause different infections and also demonstrates a high level of antibiotic resistance. For the identification of E. aerogenes through biochemical tests, the phenol red broth test is commonly used (Bello et al., 2013). Phenol red broth with different sugars is a widely used differential diagnostic microbiological cultural media consisting of water, peptone, phenol red, and one of the following carbohydrates: glucose, sucrose, or lactose. Each test tube with broth contains a Durham tube to identify the production of gas. Phenol red serves as an indicator of pH change as it changes color according to pH level: it turns yellow if the pH of the media falls below 6.8, red if the pH level is between 6.9 and 7.4, and pink if pH is higher than 7.5. During carbohydrate fermentation, bacteria produce acid and/or gas. While the production of acid changes the color of the media to yellow, gas production is evident when bubbles are observed in a Durham tube. If the bacterial strain is unable to utilize the carbohydrate, it uses peptone and produces ammonia. This process results in an alkaline condition and a pink color of the media (Tortora, Funke, & Case, 2015). Thus, the purpose of this experiment was to determine the ability of four bacterial species to utilize sucrose, glucose, and lactose by using the phenol red broth test. Materials & Methods Before beginning the experiment, the working area was cleaned and disinfected, hands were washed, and gloves were put on. All required materials were obtained and laid out on the working surface. Four bacterial species ( E. coli , P. aeruginosa , P. mirabilis , and E. aerogenes ) were tested. Three phenol red broth test tubes with glucose, sucrose, and lactose were used for each of the four species, making 12 tubes in total. The Bunsen burner was lit, and the inoculating loop wire was incinerated in the flame until the wire turned orange. The loop was held in the dominant hand, and the plate with colonies of E. coli was partly opened with the second hand. After the inoculating loop had cooled, a small amount of bacterial biomass was taken from the plate. The loop was held within 10 centimeters of the burner flame in one hand, while th
Abstract Sources of data for digital forensics include storage media, file systems, and network equipment, among others. The data sources differ according to cases. Investigators can focus on account audits, live data systems, and intrusion detection systems to understand usage and trace intruders, until identification occurs. Internet service provider (ISP) records, virtual machines, and network drives are also sources of data for digital forensics. This paper discusses the primary sources of digital forensic data for handling network intrusions and malware installations, as well as instances of insider file deletion. It discusses the merits and demerits of each source, and then decides the best way for investigators to conduct investigations and deliver court-admissible evidence. Introduction Digital forensics deals with the identification, extraction, analysis, and presentation of digital evidence present in digital devices. Appropriate tools and techniques must be used to succeed in digital forensics operations. Forensic investigations begin with data collection. They then examine the collected data, analyze it, and report it to the relevant offices. In the first step, the investigator deals with the media that hosts the data. In the second step, examination happens to the data itself, which yields information that becomes usable for the analysis part. Finally, the investigators come up with a report that serves as evidence. The above template on digital forensics is used in this paper to evaluate four primary sources of data that would be useful for digital forensics in network intrusion, malware installation, and insider file deletion. The paper discusses the basic elements of each type of compromise, before considering its four primary sources of data that an investigator would find appropriate for presenting evidence. Network Intrusion Network intrusion happens when unauthorized persons can communicate over a network and receive feedback in the form of data that is usable. The unwanted communication can lead to loss of sensitive information from organizations or individuals. Intruders can steal, delete, or alter formation to affect its integrity. They can issue instructions for hardware or software to operate abnormally. At the same time, network intruders may only view information and then use it as part of their strategy to attack an individual or an organization in other ways, such as blackmail. Sources of data for network intrusion, according to priority The primary sources of data for network intrusion forensics investigation are the intrusion detection system, account auditing, live system data, and ISP records. Intrusion detection systems In the first case, network administrators reconfigure intrusion detection systems specifically to monitor network vulnerabilities. The area of focus depends on prior exposures of the network to intruders. With the dedicated monitoring, it is possible to collect adequate