ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The lives of medieval Irish saints contain both motives and themes with examples in Irish secular tradition as well as those that follow models observed in biblical writings and European vitae. Indeed, the contents of vitae reflect the values a society hold to be the most important. Thus, when Christian traditions and values were imported into Irish society, they became persistent enough that they were significant to the writers of the lives of saints; manifestations of those qualities appeared in all literature. Obviously, the shared qualities that had been beheld culturally independent appeared in the literature of both. However, the native traditional qualities that are evident in the hagiography are those which were held as central beliefs of Irish life and culture even after Christianity was introduced. In that respect, the manifestation of a specific motif does not necessarily reflect the literature that might have influenced it. Rather, it reflects the value system and the society in which it originated. This paper will analyze the general characteristics reflected in hagiographic literature of Ireland via the media of one vita, “The Life of Patrick” by Muirchu. A distinctive feature of the Irish hagiography is prayer and fasting with vigil. A particular interesting demonstration of prayer vengeance in the hagiography is the combination of prayer and fasting with vigil to summon retribution. In Ireland, fasting has a complex lineage, starting with long legal history as a way of compelling someone of superior or equal position to conform to demands of due restitution. This kind of legal fasting actually influenced later hagiography. For instance, Saint Patrick fast against God to obtain boons for him and his followers, His boons are even called a les which is a legal term for remedy attained through court proceedings, highlighting the assumption that fasting per se is considered as a lawsuit against God. Fasting is also associated with scriptural legacy, although the biblical context is somehow different. Nonetheless, elements of scriptural fasting appear in the Irish hagiography. In medieval times, Saint Patrick not only fasted for the help of God but also commenced a forty-day and forty-night fasting according to the example of Elijah, Moses and Christ (Davies & O’Loughlin 96). According to Muirchu, his protracted withdrawal moves a wearied angel to agree to the demands of the saint (95). Other common characteristic of medieval Irish saints’ life is
The Bhagavad Gita, also referred to as Gita is a Hindu scripture comprising of 700 verses. Gita is a conversation between Lord Shri Krishna and Pandava prince Arjuna during the onset of Mahabharata war. Lord Krishna takes upon himself to respond to the ethical confusion shown by Arjuna due to the debacle with his cousins, and informs Prince Arjuna of his mandates and roles as a prince and fighter, elaborating on the teachings by Samkhya, Karma Yoga, Yoga, Moksha, and Inana Yoga, which are so evident in the Bhagavad Gita. Being a religious book, it talks about the true meaning of life and connect man to divinity. There are several teachings that are highlighted by the 700 verse Bhagavad Gita. The teachings of the scripture can be grouped into four main topics. They are; Gods Universality, personality, personal emancipation, and the link between the world and a person. The Gita teaches people to undertake their obligatory duty as an offering to God. Although Bhagavad Gita seems to support the path of devotion, the scripture’s teachings has connections with other pathways that include the path of action (Karmayoga), path of knowledge (jnanayoga), and the path of denial of connection to the fruits of one’s deeds (Karma sanyasa Yoga) (Oxtorby and Amore 67). The path of knowledge (jnanayoga) is the first stage in the teachings of Bhagavad Gita. One gets self knowledge by way of thinking and evaluation and gets the knowledge of the importance of attaining salvation and discovery of themselves. Once the person acquires knowledge of the scripture and issue related to inner self, he or she turns to the path of action, which teaches about how an individual can fulfill ones duty towards his or her family, oneself, and the society by undertaking the obligation as a sacrifice to God. The pathway of action culminates to Karma Sanyasa Yoga through which an individual realizes from experience, or knowledge that it is not one’s action but the attachment to the fruit of one’s action that is accountable for his or her bondage. As such, the scripture teaches one to renounce the sense of his or her actions and offer the fruits of his or her deeds to God (Easwaran 88). The Bhagava Gita teaches people to acquire divine qualities and purity in order to experience deep commitment and absolute love for God. Service to God as taught by the scripture encourages one to surrender his or her life and time in his or service to God and mankind. When one’s devotion reaches its peak, God responds by offering great love just as promised in the scripture, and liberates one from everlasting bonds of worldly life
Introduction Blue ocean strategy proposes great opportunities for organizations to tract new target markets and attracts wider target audiences. An opportunity involves feasible change, in a favorable direction, to reach a desired future state. Feasible refers to technical and economic factors, whereas desirable involves more subjective preferences. Nintendo Wii is a home video game console. Nintendo developed this product in order to attract new customers and appeal with new value proposition. In contrast to similar products manufactured by other companies, Wii has a wireless controller (Blue Ocean Strategy 2007). Also, this product can be used as a printing device and can detect physical movements. Nintendo followed a blue ocean strategy creating a new industry for its [products. The approach selected by Nintendo can be characterized as: ”the set of managerial actions and decisions involved in making a major market-creating business offering” (Kim and Mauborgne, 2007). Main body The case of Nintendo Wii shows that opportunity is clearly a relativistic concept: what is desirable or feasible for one person or company may not be desirable or feasible for other persons or companies. First of all, from a marketing and entrepreneurship perspective, the blue ocean strategy must be defined as having sustainable profit potential, beyond pure windfall profits, and “one-shot” deals. Second, the blue ocean strategy must be defined as a market position, that is, a field of activity in which a company is competitive beyond the short run, and able to reap a profit. A market position can be viewed both from its value context and from the perspective of competition. The marketing problem is to find the shortest way from natural resources to finished products, that is, the optimal combination of sorts and transformations. The transvection is a useful concept
Introduction In this study, it was decided to analyze parenting models and approaches in a family with which I have the honor to be directly acquainted. For the study, the Lee family was taken as an experimental model of the family. The Lee couple has become my neighbors recently after being forced to move to the United States with their many children. All I knew directly about Lee was that his family had migrated from Western Asia, probably from Syria. Lee is not very fond of dwelling on his past, and therefore there are reasons to believe that they migrated for political reasons or in connection with the economic and political crisis (Chuang et al., 2021). The life of migrants is problematic for a number of economic, social, and psychological reasons. The process of adapting to life in another country can seem painful and difficult. Therefore, an additional burden of responsibility is imposed on parents, who must prepare children for a fulfilling life in the new realities. The process of acculturation can be accompanied by stress and frustration, so it is fundamentally important for parents not to transfer these feelings to their children. Children turn out to be extremely sensitive to the behavior of their parents and are able to subconsciously adopt the parameters of behavior and thinking. Thus, the immigrant parent should never show the child a weakness in front of the outside world in order to avoid repeating such a relationship with reality. The format of my research turned out to be due to our immediate neighborhood. The Lee family occupies a home space, which is clearly not enough space for the entire family. The fact is that the Lee family has three children, one of whom is just a baby, and the other two are studying at the moment in high school. Because of the need to share a limited amount of space together, it is not difficult to assume that this can be inconvenient and difficult. Interaction in a confined space for a long time can serve as a reason for stress and uncontrolled manifestations of aggression. At the same time, the Lee family, despite the social stigma, seems to be one of the friendliest ones I know. Therefore, one of the tasks of the study was the need to find out the real essence of their life and try to rationalize it. General Description of the Family The family consists of Abdullah Lee, the father, forty-two years old, his wife Fatima, who is thirty-nine, and three children. Karim and Abdul are in the fourth and third grades, respectively. Little Ahmad was born to a family couple quite recently, he is only one and a half years old, and he is just learning to walk on his own. The genetic tree of the Lee family has proven difficult to trace. Lee answered the
Culture and traditions play a key role in creating approaches to parenting and determining children’s response to criticism and motivation. Extrinsic motivation plays a smaller role compared to intrinsic motivation in self-actualization. The article “Why Chinese Mothers are Superior” highlights the fact that parents who have high expectations and criticize poor performance by their children promote the idea that failure is unacceptable. The parenting approach by Chinese mothers forces children out of their comfort zone and pressurizes them to achieve levels of greatness beyond their imagination (Chua par. 4). Chinese children learn from a tender age that with proper effort and dedication, they can achieve outstanding results. High levels of competence and self-esteem are solely the products of the cultivation of the idea that an individual’s abilities are infinite. The perception that Chinese mothers set unreasonable targets for their children arises because the Western culture promotes the belief that every person has a talent or ability that he or she should pursue to the highest level of excellence. Western parents will encourage their children to discard tasks or activities that the children are unable to tackle satisfactorily in favor of tasks that the children can accomplish with great excellence. Compromise on expectations promotes the idea that every child has a threshold regarding the extent of his or her ability to tackle tasks. The parenting approach by a large number of Western parents influences children to embrace the notion that their abilities have limits and promotes the development of characters who quit on every difficult task. Intrinsic motivation emerges from within the self after surmounting challenges to attain set goals. Extrinsic motivation often leads to dismal performance by children because parents tend to give praise on easily attainable tasks. Frequent praise on achievements interferes with a child’s consciousness regarding self-a
Introduction Colgate, like any other major company specializing in a multitude of dental care products, utilizes a cohesive integrated marketing communications strategy in order to promote its brand to the Canadian market. The objectives of its strategy are to leave a striking image in the customer’s mind as well as create a lasting connection between the Colgate brand and professional dental care (“EMC”). Analysis The company utilizes bright, noticeable colors in order to distinguish itself from other companies and brands. While it utilizes red for the majority of its toothpaste, when it comes to mouthwashes, Colgate uses other colors, such as bright blue or green, depending on the nature of the mouthwash. The color blue is associated with hard mint and freshness as well as with whitening properties, while green has a softer taste and contains herbal essences aimed to take care of gums (Ciotti). For advertising, Colgate utilizes all available avenues of information, including visual advertisements, radio, TV, and the Internet (Bhasin). The company possesses an interactive website where customers can find all relevant information about product lines as well as various articles related to dental healthcare. Newspapers frequently feature coupons that readers can collect in order to receive a discount on Colgate products (Bhasin). In addition, Colgate has its own groups on all major social media outlets, such as Twitter and Facebook, in order to keep its customer base informed abou
Introduction Climate change (CC) sprouts multiple wicked issues that require extensive governance at multiple levels, which has spurred the development of the theory and practice of climate change governance (CCG). The present paper offers an overview of CCG and includes the relevant definitions, describes the complex relationships between the relevant actors at different levels, and discusses theoretical perspectives and conceptual difficulties related to the topic. Definitions and Key Aspects CC is the result of the Earth being “changed at an unprecedented rate by pollutants resulting from human activities, inefficient and wasteful fossil fuel use and the effects of rapid population growth in many regions” (Pittock 2013, p. 277). The humanity contributes to CC and suffers from its numerous impacts, including direct (for example, biodiversity is affected by the changes in the environment) and indirect ones (for instance, the difficulties in supply because of reduced crop yields resulting from changes in the rainfall) (Pittock 2013, p. 108). Wicked problems are the “large and enduring policy dilemmas in which multiple and compounding risks and uncertainties combine with sharply divergent public values to generate contentious political stalemates” (ISSC & UNESCO 2013, p. 609). An example of a wicked environmental problem is a conflict over natural recourses and their use, which is being complicated (made wicked) by the changes in the amounts of the resources related to CC (ISSC & UNESCO 2013). To manage the wicked problems and CC, climate policies are being introduced at the international and national level, and the concept and practice of CCG are being developed (Harrison & Sundstrom 2010). CCG Example: The EU The EU is a major force that has been contributing to the promotion of CCG (in particular, the Kyoto Protocol ratification) and pushing other countries to engage in CCG to a greater extent than they were initially ready to do. The Union has had to manage internal (national-level) and external (international) resistance. For example, Germany was originally reluctant to reduce carbon emissions, and after the US had withdrawn from the Protocol agreement, the EU had to negotiate with other countries, which had noticeably smaller emission percentages (Schreurs & Tiberghien 2010, p. 23). As pointed out by Schreurs and Tiberghien (2010), the leadership position of Europe in the field of CCG, which is largely based on leading by its example of innovation and cooperation, emerged from the complex relationships of
Introduction The Independence movement in Okinawa or Ryukyu is aimed to turn Okinawa and nearby territories, namely the island Ryukyu, into a sovereign state, which is not controlled by Japan. It began in 1945, after the end of the war in the Pacific Ocean (Chibana, 2013). Some residents of Okinawa were convinced that after the Japanese occupation conducted by allies, Ryukyu should become independent instead of returning this territory to Japan (Smits 2017). However, the majority insisted on uniting with the metropolis in hopes that it will contribute to finishing the occupation. American-Japanese agreement on safety was signed in 1951 year, and to this data, the formal union of Okinawa and Japan occurred, which implied establishing American military forces in this area (Chibana 2013). This prepared a solid base for renewing the political movement for Ryukyu independence. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to conduct research on the topic of the contemporary history of the Okinawan anti-base movement and present a transnational perspective on this issue. Historical Context In order to outline the current situation in this region, it is vital to understand the causes, which prompted this movement. Consequently, pursuing an in-depth comprehension of the problem at the current moment, there is a necessity to cover the historical context of this event (Chibana 2013). Initially, the kingdom Ryukyu was a tributary of China, and Ryukyu kings sent ambassadors to China and asked Chinese emperors to allow them to use the title of Ryukyu wang (Shimabuku 2010). This tradition began in 1372 during the reign of Ming, and people adhered to it till the collapse of the kingdom Ryukyu in 1875 (Chibana 2013; Shimabuku 2010). As Ryukyu could not be compared to Japan in the context of its square and power, the Japanese from feudal princedom Satsuma intervened in the country in 1609 (Smits 2017). From this data, Ryukyu was in the position of a semi-dependent state till it was annexed and turned into prefecture Okinawa in 1879 (Smits 2017; Shimabuku 2010). It is highly likely that there were different supporters of independence in Satsuma, Japan, and China in this period (Smits 2017). However, it should be noted that there were no significant movements for pursuing this objective. There were protests aimed to promote and achieve independence of the Okinawan people after its annexing before and after World War II. Later, the occupational government of the United States took control of Okinawa. Roosevelt told Chang Kai-shek that he was willing to return Ryukyu to China, though Chang Kai-shek refused the proposal due to numerous considerable reasons (Smits 2017). Americans maintained their control under the islands Ryukyu till 1972, twenty years after finishing of formal occupation of the rest part of Japan (Shimabuku 2010). In 1945, after the war, there were background causes for creating an absolutely sovereign state Ryukyu. Then, during the period of occupation, a significant movement not only for independence but also for returning to the Japanese reign emerged (Chibana 2013; Shimabuku 2010). Since 1972 and returning Okinawa under Japane
Cultural diversity at the workplace and conflicts arising because of it often become a number one problem in different organizations. With regards to healthcare, this problem becomes more and more evident due to the increasing number of immigrants and the practice of international exchange in education (Bosher & Pharris, 2008). Cultural diversity in the workplace should be accepted as a fact, rather than something that may lead to conflicting situations. Nevertheless, there are a number of spheres of human activities where cultural diversity at the workplace results in conflicts and misunderstandings, and health care is one of them (Collins & O’Rourke, 2008). Working for the U.S. Army, I consider it necessary to address some major problems at my place of employment-related to cultural diversity. First of all, it is important to position me within the organization I work for. The U.S. Army is a large organization all parts of which have to work harmoniously to achieve the desired results. Fulfilling my duties and responsibilities, above all, consists in carrying out the primary mission of the U.S. Army, which is to do the utmost to promote the country’s national security and support its defense strategies. With respect to these duties, my part of my work consists in ensuring that quality health care is delivered to everyone who needs it with no differences made in terms of race, ethnicity, or similar characteristics. Nevertheless, conflicts related to cultural diversity at the workplace do take place in the organization I work for. There are two major problems that currently need to be addressed at my place of employment. First of all, this is judging the intelligence of people based on their language abilities. It is often the case that medical staff is perceived by the patients as not qualified enough due to their being not proficient in the language that the patients speak. This is the major problem arising in relations between medical personnel and the patients. As far as the second problem is concerned, it is related to relations within the medical staff. This problem consists in the use of professional language at the workplace, whereas this language is difficult to understand for the personnel of different cultures, which significantly impedes communication (Srivastava, 2007). This results in numerous misunderstandings and the inability of some members of the personnel to get a promotion, as well this increases the possibility of medical errors. Dealing with these two problems is crucial because the integrity of the health care system depends on the relationships between patients and personnel, as well as within the person