ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Illegal immigration is the movement from one country to another foreign country without observing immigration procedures in that country. Illegal immigration also known as undocumented movement leads to many contentious issues in the affected country as it leads to the unbudgeted use of resources. Normally preventing this undocumented movement is an easier task only if left to efficient immigration officers. I would like to address immigration officers through an editorial article. An editorial article would be a favorable format to pass this issue to immigration officers as it gives room for criticism and persuasion in a professional way in contrast to informal political campaigns. Illegal immigration as it is Causes of Illegal Immigration Illegal immigration occurs majorly from countries of lower socioeconomic status to high social- economic countries in pursuit of better living conditions. Causes of illegal immigration can either be pull factors in the foreign country that attract people from the lower socioeconomic countries such as chances of employment. Push factors on the other hand are factors arising in the lower socioeconomic countries such as war or drought and famine and they push people to move to better and secure countries. Indeed, there are extra activities other than these natural factors such as prostitution and forced slavery. Even after the end of the slavery, illegal importation of slaves has continued although not at an elevated level. In addition, some people succumb to be victims of sexual slavery and risk chances of facing charges of illegal immigration. Methods of Illegal Immigration Illegal immigration occurs in many methods. It is the duty of immigration officers to aim at these channels. They should especially know that illegal immigration does not result only from illegal activities. Many methods result to illegal i
Introduction Globalization process has had several impacts on the social economic and political spheres. The effects of globalization have really been debated on by several scholars and other interest groups who have always questioned its effects on the human beings and the environment at large. For example some people have always argued that it has done more harm than good to the developing countries, while others also contend that it has enabled the developing countries advance socially, politically and also economically. Bauman’s Arguments on Wasted Lives Zygmunt Bauman is one of those people who have made critical analysis of globalization. According to him, globalization has led to a lot of trouble to human beings. The following are his arguments about globalization. Globalization has been discussed so much in the current political discourses but very little has been done by various stakeholders to formulate laws that can govern it. Increasing Cases of International Crimes Criminal cases are increasingly becoming international yet there are no effective laws to curb its spread. Criminals have become very difficult to deal with simply because they have got a lot of resources which they use to protect themselves from penalties. The government has since resorted to dealing with minor cases involving immigrants who engage in petty offences such as violence and petty theft. In addition to this, the global environment gives the criminals a chance to interact freely and do business just like ordinary citizens and this has also been attributed to lack of effective international laws. The international laws that are used to govern globalization have been extensively abused by various countries especially the developed ones who have always used it as an avenue to defend their inhuman actions against the developing countries. The international community has also failed to deal with its obligations. They tend to shy away from the complicated problems and issues but they instead focus on the things they can achieve easily in order to disguise people that they are indeed working had to save human beings. Refugee Problem in Developed Countries Many people from developing countries have always found there way to the developed countries like USA through government support. This has always been done without the consultation of the people who are likely to be directly affected by the influx of immigrants in their country. The process of colonization also led to the division of the world into various artificial territorial boundaries. Apart from this, a lot of wealth was drawn from the countries which were colonized by the European countries. This led to such countries remaining economically poor while the European countries developed. The post colonial period saw several attempts by the l
Introduction TOMS Shoes was founded on a philanthropic basis, after Blake Mycoskie (the founder) visited Argentina in 2006. Blake was moved by the level of poverty that he witnessed in the villages in Argentina (“TOMS.TOMS company overview” par. 1). He could not imagine that villagers could not afford a pair of shoes, when he saw children walking bear footed. He went back to the United States and embarked on a mission of providing shoes to the poor Argentines who could not afford them. This report provides an analysis of the TOMS Shoes marketing project and how its marketing is unique from the competitors. TOMS Shoes Marketing Project The uniqueness of the TOMS Shoes marketing projects is its philanthropic component, as opposed to other cause-related marketing. This project stems out corporate social responsibility simple business plan ‘One-for-one’. This marketing concept is based on the premise that for every pair of shoe that is sold, one pair is given out to a needy child. The company manages to increase sales and distribution network of shoes worldwide, through this strategy. According to Terence (120), product differentiation is an important strategy to increase volume and market penetration. The TOMS Shoes Company successfully achieves this through production of shoes using a simplistic combination of canvas with shoe-soles that are comfortable, and that accord a casual look. This makes the shoes stand out from the popular ked styling shoes (“TOMS.TOMS company overview” par. 6). TOMS Shoes collaboration with recognizable and leading brands in the United States enables it to achieve voluminous sales in its target markets. TOMS Shoes worked with Ralph in producing a co-branded Rugby shoe. This collaboration still maintained the One-for-one’ business strategy. In addition, the TOMS Shoes Company has worked with companies such as Lauren and Element Skateboard in promotions of one-for-one campaigns, thus increasing its sales volume. The marketing structure of the TOMS Shoes Company is not dependent on the traditional approaches of marketing such as advertising and billboards. Instead, the company heavily relies on promotional campaigns in marketing its products. The company consistently asks its customers to take their photos, while putting on the shoes from the Toms Shoes Company, and share them with friends and relatives using the social media websites. This move enables the company to create awareness of its brands and social cause to a wider audience. TOMS Shoes also relies on word-of-mouth in supporting its marketing efforts. Word-of-mouth turns out to be more effective in creating its brands awareness, and making customers believe in the company (Terence 59). Through the word-of-mouth campaigns, customers usually get excited and eager to participate in events that contribute to increased sales. The customers of the TOMS Shoes Company promote its brand by discussing it with their friends. Finally, the company’s participation in public awareness of the impacts of putting on shoes is a powerful marketing tool for the company. Through these campa
Communication is an important aspect of every person’s life due to the fact that it allows transferring essential information to others and expresses their feelings. Language begins to develop from during the infancy and toddlerhood, which starts from the most basic signaling approaches, such gestures. It further improves though learned or acquired vocal imitations of words. By the later stages of toddlerhood, a child will be able to construct telegraphic speech, which consists of short incomplete sentences or phrases. The very first form of communication can be observed in newborns, who mostly express their emotions through physical manifestations. It is stated that one can distinguish a baby’s motivation for crying, which can be hunger or pain (Lally & Valentine-French, 2017). Most of the communication is realized through facial expression, sounds, and gestures. Soon after, a newborn will transition into a stage of intentional vocalization, where he or she begins to coo (Lally & Valentine-French, 2017). My nephew’s daughter is at this stage, where she uses one of the simplest sounds to grab people’s attention. By the tenth month, a child will have the ability to comprehend some basic words, such as his or her name (Lally & Valentine-French, 2017). The following stage is accompanied by a holographic speech phase because children start to use a shortened version of words to refer to various items and objects. In the next stage, an infant will be influenced by his or her culture for the first time. For instance, in the English context, the initial word tends to be a noun, whereas, in the Chinese environment, a child can acquire a verb as a first word (Lally & Valentine-French, 2017). During the toddlerhood, a toddler will have a vocabulary consisting of up to 200 words (Lally & Valentine-French, 2017). In addition, this is the phase where a child develops a telegraphic speech, which means that he or she does not use unnecessary words. Reference Lally, M., & Valentine-French, S. (2017). Lifespan development: A psychological perspective. College of Lake County.
Introduction Market failure in some industries is caused by complex political, economic and social factors that affected an industry. The theoretical models provide numerous lessons about the macroeconomic effects of global changes and their impact on a particular market. To the extent that the higher current account deficits and surpluses matching increased capital flows reflect differences between domestic investment over domestic saving, the external balances themselves should not be considered problematic, in and of themselves (Cowen 1988). The main causes of market failure involve:  1. externalities,  2. public goods,  3. information asymmetries,  4. natural monopolies or decreasing cost industries. Each of these reasons has a separate impact on industry and market and is involved in complex global processes that affected the external environment of every industry. Externalities and Market Failure Externalities can be explained as tangible units which are not charged for in the price system. The growth of industries and cities placed a tremendous burden on the environment by introducing pollutants such as pesticides, radioactive isotopes, and heavy metals into the air, land, and water. There are now approximately seventy thousand different chemicals in the marketplace, and new ones are being produced at an accelerating rate. In addition, the use of precious supplies of energy and materials for luxuries such as motorboats, air conditioners, and hair dryers has added more stress to the environment (The Stern Report 2008). These items deplete limited resources of raw materials necessary to make such products, as well as the depletion of “clean air” in the environment. The use of natural resources at a rate higher than nature’s capacity to restore itself will result in the pollution of air, water, and land. from the standpoint of the environmental crisis. This has a direct impact on the market performance of companies and their profitability (Mankiw 2006). The Kyoto protocol prevents many industries to compete and demand further changes, The transboundary movements of pollutants lead to unusual and complex economic and political difficulties. Individuals in one nation may suffer economic loss and health hazards as a result of the pollution that originated in another nation, yet they may not benefit from the economic activity that caused the pollution (Pindyck and Rubinfeld 2000). On the other hand, a nation or jurisdiction that acts to minimize pollution that is being transported over hundreds of miles may gain little local environmental benefit. Externalities lead to market failure in pharmaceutical and chemical industries depended upon regulations but dumped tons of toxic waste into the air. The effects of pollutants can be immediate (acu
College is SO expensive these days! How many families or students can pay for their college experience from one personal checking account? No, far more common is pulling together funds from an alphabet soup of government agencies, private foundations , the piggy bank, Aunt Sophie, Grandmom, and plan for a part-time job. How, given all the challenges of paying for them, can you reduce you’re your expenses to a dull roar? Some things may seem like boring good sense, but it would be less than complete not to mention them. The major college expense is tuition. Word is – the finer state institutions offer you the best value for the money. You can consider transferring after two years to a private institution, often blessed with lusher scholarship programs. Successful alumni like to endow scholarships – try it yourself after you make your first million! Make sure that you have applied for every bit of federal, state, or private entity aid for which you qualify. Your high school college/guidance counselor, and then your financial aid officer, should become your new best friend. Know what you have and what you have spent. This can be really depressing but it is crucial. To keep track of all the sources of funds and your expenditures, consider a site such as Mint.com. This will allow you to organize your expenditures as well as your various pots of money. Since some payments may arrive at different times, having a schedule of incoming funds is as important as knowing what is going out. You can plan purchases, or other outflows based on when and how much of an infusion you are getting. Other sites, such as SmartyPig, help you track savings towards a goal, and then converts those savings into a gift card. ManageMe helps you by alerting you when you approach a spending limit you’ve set. Dispense with a car at school if at all possible. Apart from the deadly distraction that a vehicle represents, (think of the seductive appeal of a road trip or a visit home mid-semester), a car is a massive money waster. Consider, instead, a car-sharing service such as ZipCar, Enterprise’s new initiative, or other car-sharing firm. You pay mainly for the car usage you incur, not for the carrying costs of a car all the time. Usual annual fees are likely to be less than even the cost of auto insurance. Additionally, check the student directory or college Facebook page for schoolmates from your hometown, check for a “ride board”, and reach out to other students who might be traveling in the same direction to get home. If you are a commuter student, this option is even more useful. Some sites match drivers with those needing rides – GoLoco, and Rideshareonline are examples. Others, such as RelayRides, connect you with car owners prepared to rent you their own vehicle. Be careful, of course, and let someone know before you travel, even if you are driving your own car. Be very careful, as well, about having and using a credit card. This can be your downfall. Credit card companies are in the business of making money. If they offer y
In April 2019, Dr. Phillip Atiba Goff presented a TED Talk titled ‘How We Can Make Racism a Solvable Problem: And Improve Policing’. Dr. Atiba argues that the problem of racism, especially in the police force, is solvable (Goff, 2019). The primary challenge that racism presents is its definition. In most of the cases, it is often interpreted as lack of love and compassion towards people of the other race. This definition makes it impossible to solve the problem of racism and police brutality in the United States because it would require a policy that will promote love and compassion. People choose who to love even when dealing with people of the same race. As such, Dr. Atiba suggests that the best approach to solving the problem is to redefine racism based on action. For instance, police officers should be reminded that using excessive force is an aspect of racism that they can stop. Instead of training them on the concept of love and hate, the focus should be on behavioral change and approach to handling specific tasks. I agree with the argument of Dr. Atiba that it may not be easy to train Americans to love everyone as is taught in the bible. The government cannot develop and effectively enforce laws of love. Instead, the focus should turn into an individual’s actions. I share the view that the best way of improving policing is to focus on actions that officers take when making arrests or responding to a distress call. They need to understand that the skin color of a person cannot define who they are. As such, they need to treat everyone equally and should avoid the use of force as much as possible. Reference Goff, P. A. (2019). How we can make racism a solvable problem: And improve policing [Film]. TED Talk.
Appearances very rarely offer an understanding of truth. This is particularly true in dealing with some of the great tragedies of literature. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, for instance, discovers the many ways in which appearance can be used to both mask and unmask the truth while Sophocles’ play Oedipus Rex illustrates how appearances may sometimes be preferable to the truth. Because the truth is considered the highest ideal, though, it cannot be denied in either play and eventually brings about the ruin of those who had elected to avoid the truth in earlier times. The difference between truth and appearance is evident throughout Shakespeare’s play but is perhaps best recognized in the play within the play while the difference between truth and appearance in Sophocles’ play reaches even deeper into the psyche of the characters. In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Bernardo starts off the action by demanding to know “Who’s there?” (I, i, 1). As the action unfolds, Shakespeare tells the story of the young prince of Denmark who is informed by the ghost of his father that his Uncle Claudius, now married to Hamlet’s mother, murdered his father with poison. As the ghost demands vengeance, Hamlet seeks a way to both prove what the ghost has said and bring about the revenge that is demanded if the ghost is correct. Hamlet feigns insanity to discover the truth, but he quickly discovers that he is not the only one who merely seems to be something they are not. Claudius pretends to be a righteous king but is, in actuality, little more than a base murderer. Gertrude seems to be a gracious queen, deferring to her duty as leader of a country, but is actually little more than a plaything if seen as innocent and at least as debased as Claudius if seen as guilty. Polonius seems to be a servile counselor to his lord but is a scheming profiteer and Hamlet’s friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, are actually his would-be murderers. Shakespeare brings attention to this concept explicitly through his presentation of a play within the play. In trying to prove that his uncle is guilty, Hamlet decides to use a troupe of players that have come to the castle, making the Mousetrap play equally play double duty as has most of the characters. He first directs the players to perform a specific play that comes close to mimicking what he believes must have happened between his father and his uncle in Act 2, scene 2. He reveals his purpose for doing this in a soliloquy that closes the Act: “I have heard that guilty creatures sitting at a play / Have by the very cunning of the scene / Been struck so to the soul that presently / They have proclaimed their malefactions / … / I’ll observe his looks. / I’ll tent him to the quick. If ‘a does blench, / I know my course / … / The play’s the thing / Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king” (II, ii, 575-578, 582-584, 590-591). Within this speech, Hamlet demonstrates his understanding that fiction often reflects reality sufficiently enough to cause a guilty conscience discomfort when confronted with similar circumstances (We
Gloria Naylor’s “Mommy, what does “nigger” mean” is an interesting, deep, personal and cohesive piece of writing. The paper shall examine how Naylor manages to achieve this through an analysis of the main idea, stylistic devices and classification of the piece. Main Idea Gloria Naylor’s piece can be revered for either its literary significance or its sociological significance. In the literary field, her intention or main idea is to contribute to the debate of reality and meaning. Here, the author argues that words (whether written or spoken) have no real significance unless a consensus for their meaning is made depending on one’s background. (Naylor, par 13) Consequently, one’s context is what determines one’s reality. Through an analysis of the term ‘nigger’, the latter author is able to demonstrate how this terminology carries a very different meaning when the users’ ages and races are altered. As such, she demonstrates that reality is negotiated. On the other hand, this author wishes to inform readers about the struggles and lives of African American people. She portrays this by describing their rich kinship ties, their struggles to earn a living as well and their values. For example, she talks about how younger people communicated with the older generation where they were expected to refrain from use of terms like “Girl” when doing so. Additionally, she portrays the complexity of their characters and thus shows that stereotypes of this community were not accurate. For instance, she cites an example of her grandparents who own several buildings at Harlem and Johnny who worked hard and earned $6, 000 at some point. (Nyalor, 8) No discussion of African Americans lives would be complete without tackling race relations and this forms a central part of her argument. Naylor affirms that numerous white minds still perceive blacks as worthless and hence their use of the word ‘nigger’. She however succeeds in illustrating how inaccurate this depiction is by taking us through her life and that of her family. Whether the Reading Is Fiction or Non Fiction For its employment of rich creative and literary devices, this work can be classified as fiction. It alters time sequences, has a range of characters and numerous structural aspects that lead to this classification. The audience forms a central part of the author’s work in any fiction essay and this is reflected quite clearly in the short story since the Naylor (2) goes out of her way to explain to the reader ide