ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The caste system is a description of the way the people in the Hindu society were divided based on their talents and the corresponding vocations (Sarma); it was once supposedly devised to bring order, discipline, and specialization. It “lays down social, moral and ethical precepts for the guidance of the people and formulates rules for the observance of rites and ceremonies; it is absolutely binding on Hindus”. (Walker 27) It typifies social conditions. (Klass 188). It however had a profound influence on the social life of the Hindus for overages; a few examples of its negative influences on some sections of the society, are oppression, ‘untouchability’, and denial of entry into religious places. While all those benefited by it sing its praises, those put to disadvantage curse it utterly. In other words, lower castes detest it with vengeance. (Walker 29). Problem Statement This paper examines the origin of the caste system, its features, and its status as of now. In other words, the social forces that introduced this system are traced; its characteristics are enumerated. Besides, the present status of the system which underwent changes overages as any institution does will be described. Origin of Caste System An ancient Hindu sage called Manu (called the law-giver) is the supposed author of a famous code of Hindu law and jurisprudence. (Walker 27). He, according to Sivananda, who lived 30 million years ago 1 during the age of mental purity (age of truth) is said to have laid down this caste system in his code of laws called Manu-smriti, the first of the three such codes, to allot duties to the persons in the society in correspondence with their abilities and aspirations. Manu dictated 100000 verses but now it stands abridged into 2685 verses divided into 12 books. (Walker 28) The code was inviolable. A famous Vedic verse declares, “All that Manu said is medicine”. The chief design of code seems to have been to give divine sanction to the institution of caste, to make caste supreme in India…. (Walker 28) At a time when the society was in its initial phase of civilization and the people were living as tribes or clans, a system was needed to allow work to each individual so that the society’s needs were fulfilled. The goods and services were bartered among the castes. It was rather an ancient model of the recent self-sufficiency economical system. (Sarma) As ages passed by, the allotted work became a vocation or a profession in a straight jacket fashion and the generations started inheriting those vocations no matter what one’s inborn skills were and how different they were from those of his forefathers. To make matters worse, each profession or vocation varied in the level of esteem it commanded from the society; persons of castes such as Brahman and Ksatriya were held in high esteem while those of the Sudra caste was given low esteem. Manu says, “When a Brahmin is born, he springs to light above the world; he
Literature Review As a complex and persistent healthcare challenge, type 2 diabetes mellitus presents complications associated with surgery-related procedures. There is a high risk of morbidity development post-surgery due to the adverse impact of the condition on the overall health. Therefore, researchers have dedicated their focus on exploring the range of interventions that could help healthcare providers get the chronic condition under control when carrying out surgical procedures. Maintaining the health of patients with diabetes is complicated and takes consistent and close monitoring associated with surgery. Therefore, it is especially important to determine the procedures that could facilitate effective management and maintenance. The aim of this literature review is to explore four sources on the topic of type 2 diabetes management in surgery patients to identify best practices and determine gaps that should be addressed in the future. Search Methods for the Review To collect resources for the review, the search of medical databases such as EBSCO and Medscape was conducted. In addition, Google Scholar was used to finding digital sources that would be relevant to the current problem. The keyword search included the following terms: operative diabetes management, type 2 diabetes perioperative management, diabetes operative interventions, surgical interventions for diabetic patients, surgery in diabetic patients. To enhance the search, the truncation method was used. It implies the technique associated with entering the root of a word with different endings that would expand the search results. The search for literature was not confined to the time period during which the studies were published to include a diversity of findings and perspectives. Literature Review of the Articles The study by Hirsch, McGill, Cryer, and White (1991) aimed to discuss the implementation of pharmacological therapy methods for the management of type 2 diabetes in patients before operative interventions. The population (P) involved diabetic patients who would be subjected to pharmacological therapy (I) compared to no intervention (C) to reach successful outcomes (O) in operative care. The article is significant to the current research problem as the researchers concluded that the assessment of metabolic processes in diabetic patients was imperative for adjusting in the management of the condition. With the help of consistent management, it is possible to maintain the health of diabetic patients when implementing surgical interventions. The study presents a background for further research about the interventions in the perioperative management of diabetic patients. The articl
Abstract This academic paper looks into interpersonal communication and the issues that affect it or are in play when it is present within the workplace. The paper tries to answer whether different cultures have an effect on interpersonal communication at the workplace and whether evolving processes that enlarge the culture by building on its strengths and functional elements have a positive impact. As a result the research paper looks into how business owners can utilize interpersonal communication and the different cultures at work to both theirs and employees’ advantage to creating a conducive and motivated working environment Introduction The business under case study has been in existence for slightly more than one year. It is a general practitioner business engaged in medical consultation. Mr. Smith the owner of the PharmaMed General Practitioners , states that it is a fulfilling venture as for both him and his employees. Subsequently, he and his employees are able to interact with people of various and diverse cultures that come to seek solutions for a myriad of medical issues. The business has five employees both full time and part time. Communication models are very useful tools which enable us to come to terms with elusive or intricate concepts. Communication theory has engendered many models, most notably the transmission approach and the transactional approach Methodology Data for this study was obtained through interviewing the owner and proprietor of the business. A set of questions was prepared by the interviewer to guide in the obtaining of information about inter personal communication in an intercultural setting. The interview was explained to the reasons of the interview and the need for the specific information being searched for (Samovar, Porter & McDaniel 79). The findings were then later compiled and presented in a write up that clearly outlined intercultural/interpersonal communication and its benefits in the workplace. The research was based on finding out the impact of diversity in culture within the workplace. The research respondent (interviewee) was asked a number of questions in regards to communication issues he encounters on a day to day basis at his workplace. It was perceived that the interviewee had information at hand regarding his business organization and on the required questions as this had been explained before hand while scheduling for the interview. Findings The study found out that there is need for further study and research on multicultural placed business organizations. This is due to the fact that the work place today does not only contain people from the same culture but a diverse grouping. The study also found out that the client base is also culturally diversified and there is need for employees to be well informed on how to deal with various cultures (Novinger, 57). The academic study also found out that from the i
The poor conditions in which a lot of children from developing countries live can provoke many problems in relation to the children’s health and growth. The negative physical and social environments influence children directly because of their impossibility to resist adverse impacts and different diseases. In his book Little Princes: One Man’s Promise to Bring Home the Lost Children of Nepal, Conor Grennan discusses the living conditions of the children in Nepal, referring to the situation in the orphanage known as the Little Princes Children’s Home. Children were brought to the orphanage in spite of the fact that they had families. Thus, the children’s parents intended to protect their children from poverty and civil war by sending them to the orphanage. Grennan writes the book to reveal the aspects of the poor children’s life in the orphanage in Nepal which is influenced by the risky situation of the civil war in the country, poverty, absence of the parental love, malnutrition, psychological pressure, and unavailability of medical services. Providing the description of the volunteering experience in the Littl
“The Lives of Others “is a film released on 23 rd March 2006, written and directed by Florian Henckel Von Donnersmarck. Having been brought up in a divided Germany, East and West Germany, Donnersmarck relates well with this film and its authenticity. Importantly, the film bases its plot on the aftermath of the cold war, a significant period in Germany’s history characterized by various forms of discrimination. Germany’s split into different occupation zones with neighbouring countries supporting different factions for individual benefits, the film presents a divided country and comprehensively details cultures in conflict. Plot-wise, the film explains the aftermath of Nazi Germany’s defeat by exploring various consequences that the two factions, East and West Germany, went through in their bid to control one another. The film explores control and management tactics by socialists and capitalists and the resulting consequences to the public. In addition, the film addresses the need to reconstruct trust, harmony and integration of views and practices from historical, political and economic divides. Content-wise, the film is explained in German, giving it contextual relevance to the primary audience. It rhymes with the political context of Nazi Germany during the cold war and the socio-economic patterns at the time. By presenting Wiesler as a Stasi Officer and his role of spying on Georg Dreyman, a playwright, it explains the political environment in Germany during the era of the cold war. Theme wise, true human nature and freedom of conscience are brought out as necessities of a productive and morally upright society. The group’s presentation on the content and dialogues aspects was to the point and elaborates on the literary aspects for content and comprehension. “The lives of others” is linear in that the audience understands each section and subsection in real-time. The lighting and camera choices are surrealistic and the scenes presentation augments the prose of the storyline. Editing and sound effects during the interrogation scene create a situation of anguish, fear and duress to the suspect who demanded a little sleep to get him together. Lighting and background music supplement the fundamental meaning of the film whereby dull bluish and orange tints express scenes of torture, rage and traumatic incidences. Deeply-voiced tracks and heart-throbbing sound effects supplement the facial makeups and emotional swings that develop the sequential integration of diverse socio-political and economic divides during the time.
Over the years, the church has been a very important viability in the African-American community as it has been a social institution that accepts everyone. The African-American church is considered an agency for social control in society. Historically, schools, families and churches have been the core institutions that the African-American community draws their strength from. It is at these institutions that they get to express their basic values that are embodied by their cultural heritage. On the other hand, spirituality has played a vital role in the viability of the African-American people as it helps in bringing them together as a community; and as a result, easing the challenges they face as they go about their day to day activities. It has always been the vision of spiritual leaders to influence their congregation into gaining economic independence by eliminating crimes that hinder development. Apart from instilling moral values, black churches have always been involved in the fight against crime and drug abuse. With the influence they have in the black community, the church is able to reach out to the lost souls, especially youths involved in criminal activities. Additionally, they also have programs that help the unemployed secure job opportunities in order to discourage poverty. Over the decades, these churches have been supporting those that are in need through outreach programs. By encouraging high aspirations, and family commitment, the church has enhanced the survival of the community. Also, by supporting educational institutions, more and more African-Americans get to secure top positions in the political scenes, the government, and in foundations that supports humanity. This way, the blacks are no longer voiceless as they have activists who fight for their rights. Martin Luther King is an example of the religious leaders who played a critical role in advocating for freedom of the African-American community (West et al. 319). Since the 1970s, mega churches have tremendously gained popularity and have taken half the population of churchgoers. Most of them have a weekly attendance of around 2000 people, and others even more, depending on their vicinity and the space used to conduct the service. Basically, mega churches are the modern places of worship as they are evangelical centres that attract massive congregations on a weekly basis. With mega churches, people feel less judged as the congregation is so big that recognizing someone becomes difficult. People have grown to prefer mega churches to small congregated churches because there are less commitments, and the environment is suitable for everyone. By preaching messages of acc
I am the HR Manager and I am writing regarding a legal case involving three employees in the firm; two gentlemen and a lady. In my current position, I can confirm that I have a concise understanding of the legal and ethical matters aligned to the employees. In this regard, I have been able to deal perfectly with any discrimination and harassment complaints arising within the firm, either between employees and fellow employees or between senior employees and their subordinates. However, there is this recent case that has proved to be the most complicated of all the many employee-related cases that I have dealt with in my life. I am kindly seeking your advice regarding the legality of my plans on the case. Following is a report explaining the factual scenario of the case, together with my course of action. In this case, Debbie, a senior officer in the claims department, is not convinced to withdraw a blog she had published on the internet about sexual harassment in the company, claiming that this was the gentlest manner to justify the facts surrounding the claims. These are serious claims which could deal a real blow to the company’s reputation, in case they happen to spill out into the public arena. However, a complaint which had earlier on been raised by Mr. Tom, who works in the company’s call center, had fuelled the whole issue, resulting in the current situation. Kindly note that my final judgment on the case, as addressed in the following paragraphs comes from the findings of a posthumous investigation that was carried out, to unveil the truth surrounding the case. Both Tom and Debbie, just like any other employee in the firm, have a right to be protected from any form of sexual harassment and intimidation, as it is required by the law. However, the outcome surrounding the investigations had
Tough’s Purpose and Motivation The book, How Children Succeed, is purposeful as it seeks to elucidate the underlying factors for a child’s education excellence or failure considering the family, neighborhood, and school aspects of a child’s development. Tough (2013) aims at clarifying that regardless of one’s background, success can be achieved through the development of a success-oriented character. Tough (2013) shares the story of Elizabeth Dozier and Nadine Burke, who are raised from poor and wealthy families respectively. Despite the disparities in their upbringing, the two individuals had the ambition of helping the needy in the American neighborhoods. Therefore, Dozier became the Principal of Christian Fenger High in Chicago while Burke established a clinic in the impoverished San Francisco neighborhoods (Tough, 2013). The personal experiences of both Dozier and Burke inspired and motivated Tough to write the book to show that character and ambition play a critical role in an individual’s success regardless of the childhood experiences. Tough also seeks to depict the instrumental roles played by education facilitators in fostering the academic success of children from diverse backgrounds. Tough (2013) narrates about David Levin, who established the Knowledge is Power Program (KIPP) to raise the education standards of Black and Hispanic students. The purpose of bringing out the idea is to show how educational programs that value character development can produce academic excellence in impoverished areas. Despite 47% of Lewin’s students graduating, Tough is still motivated to write on the influence of education programs if they are also focused on the development of non-cognitive skills. Tough emphasizes the role of parents and caregivers in facilitating the growth and development of the intellectual and character aspects of children. He notes, “Parents and other caregivers who are in a position to form close and nurturing relationships with their children can foster resilience in them that protects them from many of the worst effects of a harsh early environment” (Tough, 2013, p. 28). In this view, parents are regarded as significant elements required for laying the foundations necessary for success regardless of the environment of upbringing. Tough (2013) also aims at describing the kind of relationship between the parent and the mother by regarding it as not only psychological but also biochemical. The parental roles motivate him to cover the topic of children’s success since he also had personal experiences in the Chicago neighborhoods that are characterized by low-income families. Affirming Tough’s Concerns for Education Education is a vital element for an individual’s success considering the skills acquired and their essence for securing opportunities for personal and collective growth. I support Tough’s concerns for education especially on the aspects of the child’s environment, parental nurturing, education strategies, and character development based on non-cognitive skills. The author puts the issue of education success into perspective by addressing the core issues that aim at i
To begin with, it should be stated that MTV is a worldwide known music channel, which is associated with popularity, popular music, and a careless way of life. Originally, this stereotype is originated from the images of the singers and musicians, who are generally broadcasted on this channel. On the other hand, the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence. It may be explained by the fact that the audience does not see the concealed part of the music work, and imagines only the bohemian part of their lives. This paper aims to analyze the lyrics by Dire Straits, compare it with the contemporary image of the MTV artists, and give the replies to the following questions: What are the realities of the predictions made by these artists? What kind of impact has been made upon the music industry and upon popular culture? Analysis of the Lyrics The song is sung from the position of two guys, working for a custom kitchen deliveries service, who accidentally watch the MTV broadcasting in the kitchen of one of their clients. One of them is young, and the other, who “sings” the song, is older and more experienced. He regards the life of any MTV artist as it is sung in the starting lines of the Lyrics: Now look at them yo-yo’s that’s the way you do it You play the guitar on the MTV That ain’t workin’ that’s the way you do it Money for nothin’ and chicks for free Now that ain’t workin’ that’s the way you do it Lemme tell ya them guys ain’t dumb Maybe get a blister on your little finger Maybe get a blister on your thumb This worker claims that artists have a careless life, and they do not have to perform any hard work, while he, and his companion: We gotta install microwave ovens Custom kitchen deliveries We gotta move these refrigerators We gotta move these color TV’s The life of the MTV artist seems to be easy, full of luxury, and easily earned money. Originally, this image stayed the same, as the destiny of the public idols is full of glory, honor, and carelessness. The fact is that much is emphasized in the lyrics, nevertheless, from the position of a custom kitchen delivery loader, the life of an artist looks like a fairy tale. See the little faggot with the earring and the makeup Yeah buddy that’s his own hair That little faggot got his own jet airplane That little faggot he’s a millionaire The following part of the song reveals the common delusion, claiming that it is sufficient to learn to play some musical instrument, and the careless way of life is inevitable, and the glory and chicks for free, will be available. Nevertheless, only the most talented or lucky can reach the heights of the show business, which are described in the lyrics. Nevertheless, Custom Kitchen Delivery people are not able to imagine it: I shoulda learned to play the guitar I shoulda learned to play the drums Look at that mama, she got it stickin’ in the camera Man we could have some fun And he’s up there, what’s that? Hawaiian noises? Bangin’ on the bongoes like a chimpanzee That ain’t workin’ that’s the way you do it Get your money for nothin’ get your chicks for free Money for Nothing is the song, which may be regarded as the anthem of MTV an