ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Student demographics refer to the student population and its characteristics. By student ‘s demographic we may as well be looking at some factors such as the student sex, age, race, source of income and many others. In any educational institution, there are different set learning objectives. The number one learning objective for students is definitely to study in order to achieve good grades. The other learning objective for a student population is to improve in different sectors of life e.g. growing spiritually, interacting socially and being responsible to nature and oneself. Growing spiritually entails, the students being able to relate well and closely with each other. On a higher ground, spiritual growth translates into a better understanding of the world, issues like death and the beyond including God. The student demographic characteristics determine interaction between students. On social interaction, if a school is for both boys and girls, the students get a chance to talk and interact with the opposite sex. This will enhance their capacity to stay together with members of the opposite sex and interact in a healthy way. However, such a demographic characteristic has implications in terms of how the teachers should handle the students. According to Reeves (2008), the student demographic factors ought to be considered when hiring teaching staff or any other staff in an educational institution. In hiring a principal for instance, Reeve (2008) notes that it is important to analyze students demographic and critically learn most of its major issues. A principal who is not very experienced in dealing with a large number of student populations will definitely feel intimidated, and may consequently fail to deliver his services as effectively and efficiently as expected. The role of a principal is to deal with daily administrative functions while strategically positioning the institution towards a better future. The daily administrative functions largely depend on the student demographics. Consequently, the capacity of a principal is dependent on student demographics. Success for the administrator is determined by how he or she translates that into a harmonious institutional culture. In often cases, students tend to rebel against or tend to be antagonistic towards school structures and regulations. Students sometimes become uncooperative and in some cases, resort to causing chaos and havoc within the school compound. The cause of these disturbances is usually the failure of the administration to give heed to their articulated grievances. In such a scenario, instead of concentrating on his/her core functions the institution, the principal supped into efforts to stop the student unrest in order to curtail more damage. However, this is not the best way forward when dealing with learning institutions. An experienced principal has capacity to foresee such student unrest and try to tame it before it happens. There is a close connection betwe
The article is an interview with the American professor Dr. Horace Underwood III about his life experience in South Korea. The author of the article tells the reader about the history of Korea through the life story of a US citizen. The interview covers the period of Korean history from the 1920s, the Japanese occupation, through the 1950s, the Korean War. Throughout the article, the reader comes across the critical nuances of Korean citizens and foreigners’ everyday life during the covered period. Dr. Horace Underwood III was born in 1917 in Korea. His father was a US protestant missionary and the founder of the Yonsei University. When Underwood was born, Korea was under Japanese occupation and was going through the milder periods, as the Japanese did not bother anybody very much, especially the foreigners. In the thirties, however, things began to get rougher. At this period, the Korean students had to get the education only in the Japanese language, and later the students were forbidden to speak in their mother tongue. Moreover, the Japanese made Shinto shrines obligatory to visit for the Koreans and foreigners on certain occasions to demonstrate loyalty. Overall, the shrines became not only religious but also national, which made everyone, especially Christians, bitter. The repression of the native population lasted until the World War II. In June 1942, right after Pearl Harbour, all the foreigners were forced to leave Korea. After a brief period of internment, Underwood returned to the US where he volunteered to join the Nave as part of the intelligence team. He was assigned to the Korean military government in 1946, during Yeosu rebellion, when a lot of disturbance was in the air. Many people said that the trouble was due to the agents of the North, but some insisted that South Korea had its genuine reasons for the unrest. Underwood returned to his missionary work in Yonsei in 1947 and was teaching there until the Korean War. When the Korean War broke out Underwood enlisted in the Navy and was sent to Japan joining the Naval Headquarters there who were planning Incheon landing. After the landing, Dr. Horace Underwood III was told that he should not be in the front lines and was transferred to the more peaceful divisions. He then served as an interpreter from English into Korean during the armistice negotiations. Dr. Underwood reflects upon this period of his life in detail, as it was very delicate and responsible work. The team of interpreters came across many concepts that were foreign to the Americans and had no equivalent in English. These disputes lasted until 1953 when the war came to an end and all the Korean soldiers were repatriated. Dr. Underwood declares that the Koreans seemed downtrodden during the Japanese and the Chosun Dynasty rules. Only after the Korean War, the people began to show creativity and self-confidence, as they were now free from aristocrats’ and foreign intervention. Besides, after the war, Koreans’ healthcare system, in particular, began to thrive and Korean women received more rights and privileges. As the downside, family ties began to weaken, so now there appeared some nursing homes, and elder s
Introduction The tourism industry has experienced massive growth over the years. It is one of the world’s principal businesses and has been sustained by the increase in international trade. Its contribution to the global GDP in 2011 was 9% with 255 million people working in the tourism industry (World Tourism and Travel Council 1). Many people travel far and wide to see, discover and enjoy the culture and heritage of other people. In turn, it has led to civilization and peaceful coexistence among the world’s inhabitants. Tourism has both positive and negative impacts in a community or region. Tourism helps in preserving traditions, financing the guarding of the customs and heritage, improving dialogue and mutual understanding and alleviating poverty. Its negative impacts include damaging of the heritage through depletion of resources if not well run and administered and social degradation. Tourism has to be well managed to ensure sustainability in the long term. Preservation and enrichment of cultural tourism can be achieved through involvement and participation of local communities; formulating policies to guide the local governments or regions in managing their tourism sites and changing people’s attitude and perception of tourism. Cultural tourism is that form of tourism that involves a country’s or region’s lifestyle, their history, art, architecture, religion and beliefs that aided in shaping their way of life. It is one of the biggest and fastest growing worldwide tourism markets. Cultural tourism has become very competitive and attractive and as such, many countries have taken a keen interest in it as a source for economic development. Therefore, t
Children Education is crucial at an early age. It enables the child to develop the essential attributes of his or her life. There are also significant values that society must adopt to facilitate the success of the child’s future. The Value Orientations The major value orientations in the United States of America help to know the social attributes of human development. The Equality orientation is crucial because it has been with America throughout history (Lundy & Lundy, 2011). Americans believe in equality more as a philosophical principle even though inequality reigns in most parts of the nation. As with the passage of the AB47 bill, the Californians want to express their equality passions for their children. They believe in the equality of opportunity, but not the outcome. It is important that their children get equal opportunities in preschools. Those who are unable to seize such opportunities can get the government’s assistance through the legal means. According to William’s major values, achievement and success becomes one of America’s important value orientations. The American people believe in competitive society. They believe that everyone should measure up to success and achieve greatness in life. Therefore, the policy makers come up with policies that attempt to instill this value in the citizens. Even when there is an opportunity, people still have to work hard so that they can achieve greatness in life. By passing the bill, the Californian po
The concept of the national income multiplier states that an initial rise in money injection into the national income (or spending) is likely to result in further spending (Miller 2000). Hence, the final rise in the national income is much more than the initial injection (the initial spending). For example, if the government raises its spending on infrastructure by $1billion, the national income goes up by the same amount. If the infrastructure is built and used to generate more income, say $1billion, the final increase in the national income will be $2billion. Therefore the national income multiplier effect will be 2; that is, 2/1=2. The multiplier effect can therefore be said to be the impact of an initial change in aggregate demand on the national income equilibrium. It is a result of injections of demand (spending) into the national circular flow of income, and which stimulates further demand or spending. According to Miller (2000), the multiplier process may continue throughout, increasing after every increase in spending. However, the additional increase in spending is determined by the previous increase in the circular flow of national income. For instance, the national income increased from $1billion to $2billion as a result of spending on infrastructure. If the spending increases further by $1billion, the national income rises to $3billion and the fraction of the increase becomes 2/1*$3billion=$6billion. The national income multiplier in respect to Keynesian economics Keynesian theory of national equilibrium states that the multiplier process is an appropriate way towards achieving a full employmen
The article by Michelene E. Pesantubbee Nancy Ward: American Patriot or Cherokee Nationalist features the life story of Cherokee’s beloved woman peacemaker Nanye’hi, also known as Nancy Ward. As Nancy dedicated her life to being a peacemaker, nowadays, there are various opinions on whether she is an American Patriot or Cherokee Nationalist. The author of the article explores various aspects of Nancy Ward’s life which correspond to both statements. The article states that Nancy Ward’s actions come from her understanding of changes that Cherokee had to face, and her will to adapt to the changes rather than commit to American Patriotism or Cherokee nationalism. The author starts the article with an introduction of Nancy Ward and her impact on the American-Cherokee relationships. The article notes multiple opinions on people’s perception of Nancy Ward, emphasizing the statement that Ward desired to be more like white people (Pesantubbee 177). The author states that Nancy Ward’s actions were not due to this desire, her marriage to a white man, or because she felt that American society was superior. According to the author, Nancy Ward carried her functions as a beloved woman and ‘sought new ways for Cherokee to thrive in a changing world’ (Pesantubbee 177). The article lists arguments regarding different aspects of Nancy Ward’s personality to prove that her actions were majorly impacted by her inner nature rather than as a commitment to American patriotism and Cherokee nationalism. The arguments proposed by the author starts from Nancy Ward’s origins or her relations to the Cherokee Wolf Clan. In the author’s opinion, Nancy Ward’s actions were connected to her affiliation to the Wolf Clan, one of the most important clans of Cherokee that was responsible for helping captives during the war (Pesantubbee, 181). The text of the article implies that the help that Nancy Wards provided to American soldiers was a part of her Clan’s traditions. The author entails that Nancy Ward’s responsibilities as a beloved woman defined her commitment to peacemaking. Ward’s duties and power were broadened by her additional title of war woman that she earned in the battle in Muscogee Creek. The
Business problem statement Since the posting of mid-year financial results, a lot of pressure has been placed on the staff of Mostek Inc. to facilitate growth in business in the next half to compensate for the loss posted. This has been accompanied by strict rules on the staff to work extra hours sacrificially without compensation. In some offices like the sales and the finance, sections have been fitted with surveillance cameras to monitor workers’ activities remotely. Because of this several things have happened which if not handled fast may lead to worse results. People have refused to cooperate on many company matters, others are being avoided in discussions, feedback has been cut-off, teams have failed to cohere while the entire environment is filled with the blame game and unwarranted criticism (Ober 36). The overall effect is low morale and complaints from workers which directly mean the company is actually losing business. Because of this, the alarm is with the management as they are constantly seeking to reestablish vibrance in the entire business life of the company. With communication failure, the chances of getting to the root of the problem have become hard because any attempt is treated with suspicion including shop stewards. This, therefore, calls for comprehensive uncovering of the problem through communication with the hope that the people will freely open up without fear of victimization from the management. Mitigation process Because of the exact depth and root cause of the problem that led to the first poor financial performance it may not be easy to give correction measures unless the problem is taken back to the people. Because of the severity of the problem, there is a need for neutral people to conduct the investigation. The survey will be carried out in places that will not put the respondents at risk of job loss. Target groups The questionnaire to be used in the survey will be customized to accommodate the various groups within the company including the senior management, the supervisory team, and the subordinate staff. However because the severity is in the subordinate category, it will be emphasized during the survey. Requested information Because of the managerial purpose of the information, the data needs to cover issues touching company rules, the regulations and policies of the company, the norms and culture of the people in the workforce, the working environment (effect of technology, communication, supervision, etc) and the goodwill of the company in response to their commitment. Survey rationale From the current situation the company is facing financial, people operational, and market risks simply because communication is cut off (Olson and Wu 18). It is not easy to deal with one risk while the others are ignored which is the reason that this survey seeks to cover matters that will highlight the risk level of each factor. However, because the main concern was to ensure recovery of the financial performance of the company we consider the importance of financial risk the company is facing because of the situation. We expe
Introduction The legal justice system is full of cases and precedents that have attracted the attention of analysts within and beyond the various jurisdictions. One such case is the one involving Momcilovic v The Queen. The legal suit involved the rights of a classic reverse onus provision in the Drugs, Poisons, and Controlled Substances Act 1981 (Vic) (‘ Drugs Act’ ). The appellant was convicted of trafficking in methyl amphetamine. According to the Commonwealth laws (under section 302.4), it is stated that trafficking in drugs is a criminal offence. It has a prescribed penalty that is stiffer than state offence and sentencing codes. Different judgments were given concerning the case at hand. A number of sections in Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Act 1981 were the source of the discrepancies. They included sections 5, 71AC and 73(2). In this paper, the author is going to critically analyse the various aspects related to Momcilovic v The Queen. Some of the issues reviewed include material facts surrounding the case, legal reasoning employed by the judges, judgements concerning the case, and the opinions of the judges with regards to s109. Momcilovic v The Queen: Material Facts of the Case The High Court’s decision in Momcilovic vs the Queen discussed
Introduction The main purpose of this report is to discuss the position of Arsenal FC in the business environment and to propose a future strategy for this club. In order to do so, this paper will address several models, such as SWOT, PEST analysis, porter’s five forces, the resources and capabilities, and four performance measures to assess the success of the strategy. Background of the Arsenal The Arsenal Holdings Plc had maneuvered the Arsenal Football Club in 1886, and since 1893, this club connected towards the first-class football league, and at the end of World War I, this club enriched by spreading out twenty-two contributor teams. It has a legendary record for holding the top rank in this league for a long time rather than other football teams and it qualified for the Champions League for 9 consecutive terms commencing in 1998. Consequently, they have been honored by numerous rewards, such as league championships, both single and double FA clubs, etc. (Arsenal Holdings plc, 2006). Besides first-class football club, the Arsenal has also operated a club for a woman named the Arsenal Ladies, which has triumphed five consecutive seasons within six, and the Junior Gunners for the young or teenagers and the Emirates stadium that was located in the north London, and it contained sixty thousand viewers at once. A new stadium on track with more containment would have a great opportunity for both of the devoted viewers as well as for the profits generation of the Arsenal and concerning this purpose, this club has recently established a new football stadium that has proficient to grasp 20 thousand more viewers than before (Arsenal Holdings plc, 2006). PEST Analysis of Arsenal Arsenal’s political surroundings encompass the rules and policies granted by The Barclays Premier League authority; the league handbook states the regulations, which are as follows: Figure 1: Environmental factors Political Factors   * It is worth mentioning that Arsenal has been contracting mutually to players and managers in a liberated and reasonable approach exclusive of any political intrusion; the recruitment of the present manager Arsène Wenger who has shown terrific presentation from the year 1996 is evidential to this,   * Besides this, the government’s pose on advertising morals have permitted Arsenal to carry out ads devoid of any limits considering that it is a huge contributor to the financial system,   * However, all clubs go through a contract with the league and with other member clubs ensuring that the relevant clubs are abide by the rules and regulations of the league; the administrators stipulate the clubs’ legal responsibilities to them,   * There are some regulations concerning the game plan and the purpose of the championship. Economic Factors   * The club operates in a sound economic situation; sponsors are accessible for them. Besides Emirates, Arsenal also manages some blue-chip compa
Introduction Legally, tort is a phrase used to describe the US court compensation system used to fix remedy, damages and awards for injustice or harm done on either party which is a person, property and protected interests. It defines what represents a legal damage while establishing liability, hence a civil court’s version of criminal law (Bornstein, 2008). The controversial reduction of the awards, litigation, reparation and compensation offered by tort is a political move referred to as tort reform. What supporters of tort reform believe in is that the whole idea of reforming tort is contentious since its proponents are only keen on limiting the amount of awards to injure due to personal and medical negligence proceedings. Taxpayers and affected industries offer great support to tort reforms in areas of legal charges and personal injury due to the vast effects of large damage awards and legal costs. Such effects lead to high taxes thus raising commodity prices and the cost of living. Main body Believe of challengers of tort reform: The people opposed to the reforms suppose that reducing or limiting awards which damages any form of payment is unjust hence has to be done on a situational basis (Bornstein, 2008). Taking a general approach to all cases nullifies and waters down claims since different plaintiffs have different amounts of claims. They do not suppose that extremely high awards have any effect on the economy or cost of living. The sections of lawsuits majorly targeted at reforms by revolutionists include medical practice, retail shopping and eventuality fee. The reform proponents suggest that these are the areas which are mostly abused by complainants and their lawyers. The tort reforms have been discussed by several publications and they take several perspectives. Secondary versus Primary compensation: There is a concern as to whether tort should be resorted to as the primary or secondary form of compensation for reward payment on valid injury and damages claims (Sugarman, 2004). This defines whether victims opt for it initially or it is going to be an option of last resort in cases where compensation is unavailable. In the past, such concerns mattered less since most of the victims of accident had no other compensation avenues. The situation is different today because there is other legislation, which addresses the same apart from tort. The legal institutional structures available deal with income loss and medical health expenses. They ensure easy access to affordable healthcare and social insurances. However, the state does not have a comprehensive scheme for medical and social insurance needs leaving a percentage of about 20 uninsured. They have to rely on private insurance providers which they pay by themselves or by their employers. This raises issues like social insecurity and loss of income due to injury. The US tort provides fo