ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The works of an Austrian architect, Adolf Loos, contributed to the style of modernism and modernist theory. However, even his style has changed over time, although he began to advocate for modernism early in his career and wrote many texts on the topics of the modernist style and ornamentation. 1 One of his earlier works, Café Museum, a building repurposed into a café in 1899, was opened in Vienna, Austria, and showed his attempt at creating a modern interior in a building designed by a different architect. 2 Although the exterior of the building seemed simplistic as opposed to some more rich and stylized designs, its original interior was utterly devoid of decorations, creating a simple and serious look. It was an explicit rejection of the ideology of Vienna Secession, in which the architect was briefly interested at the very end of the nineteenth century. 3 Later, his approach started to change as he chose a more simplistic and modern look for the outside but a more comfortable and domestic one for the inside, while still advocating against adornments and decorations. His later work, Villa Müller, designed by the architect in 1930, is still preserved in its original form as a museum. 4 The building showed a different style, devoid of any decorated surfaces but filled with expensive, high-quality materials and a variety of colors and textures. Currently, it serves as a great example of the architecture of the early modernist period. 5 The differences between these two buildings are apparent, as they have a distinct look of two separate ideas of their creator. Loos’ decisions for Café Museum’s interior were dictated by his disagreement with the existing styles, especially Vienna Secession, which he despised for unnecessary decorations. Villa Müller showed a similar approach to practicality, however, including a more relaxed design for the interior and separating the moods for the two spaces – outside and inside of the house. Café Museum The interior of the Café Museum can be considered as one of the first significant works of the architect, who was guided by his views on contemporary culture in creating this concept. Interestingly, the outside of the café was designed by another architect, who also did not use many decorations for the façade of the first floor. As can be seen in Image 1, he chose a simple white wall for the bottom of the building and natural beige brickwork for the top. 6 The only possible decoration for the café on the outside is its name, displayed in large golden letters. The inside of the building was created by Loos, who at the time was
American express plays a major role in helping merchants to buy and sell their goods and services. It provides advanced payment services to its client’s travel and expense management solutions for all sizes of businesses. American express processes millions of transactions due to the high number of members around the world. It also assists small enterprise owners in purchasing and controlling their finances. American express also operates one of the largest travel networks for consumers and businesses. Metadata is organized information that describes, explains and locates data, and even makes data retrieval easier (Smiraglia, 2005). The data could be information about a company’s physical data, technical and business processes. One of the importances of metadata is to ensure consistency in definitions. Metadata constitutes data that helps in differentiating terms such as a client, and a customer. Meta data also helps in ensuring the clarity of relationships. Meta data is essential in ensuring consistency when identifying the relationships between entities stored in a database. Meta data also ensures the clarity of data lineage. Metadata maintains the storage of information in the correct formats, location and steward. It is important for a large company such as American express to have a reliable system of data storage. With its large number of users, it is important that the company implements a data storage system that will help in effective data storage, retrieval and manipulation. With slightly over 104 million active card users, 63,500 employees and assets worth $153 dollars, the company needs to have an effective and efficient data storage system. American express has embraced the use of advanced technology, whereby, consumers pay for products online, a process that enhances speed and convenience. Develop a high-level plan that describes the steps you would use to create enterprise-level metadata The first step that will be taken to ensure easier creation of metadata is to gather enough information before beginning the project. It is important to consider getting reliable data storage resources that can accommodate all data, which is likely to multiply and consume large disk space. It is also important to understand the data with regard to aspects of its intended purpose, its validity, resources used to create it, what it represents and how it will be presented (Smiraglia, 2005). The second step in creating the metadata is to review other examples of metadata that have been successful. This is conducted by examining how well other companies store their data and utilize the metadata system. This factor helps in determining the most appropriate strategy for the company (Smiraglia, 2005). The next step will involve selecting the most appropriate and easily available resources. The resources to be used should have a user friendly interface to enhance easy usability of the system. This will be important i
Intro The Chief Executive Officer heads one of the three arms of a hospital, that is, the administrative arm. The medical director on the other hand heads the medical arm while the Board heads the trustees (Kitchheimer, 2001). A hospital cannot run efficiently if the three sources of authority do not collaborate. The Chief Executive officer’s role as the head of the administration is to ensure that the board’s policies are adopted and that the daily activities of a hospital are well managed. Mr. Dan Smith the newly appointed CEO at Great Lakes Memorial Hospital should be able to deal with the operational, regulatory and market issues confronting the hospital. It is his role to ensure that Great Lake Memorial Hospital and Springville General Hospital respond to changing community needs and environmental conditions in a systematic way without duplicating the services. Role of a Hospital CEO As the newly appointed CEO of Great Lakes Memorial Hospital, it is Mr. Smith’s work to ensure the following:   * Carry out the board of directors mission while maintaining the financial viability of the two hospitals   * Make sure that the two-hospital offer quality healthcare to the community.   * Ensure the hospital has proper physician and medical staff. This can be achieved using the hand-off approach whereby he should delegate on logistics and legwork of recruiting (Boan & Funderburk, 2003).   * The CEO should ensure that the hospital portray teamwork and have proper communication to avoid conflicts through proper management strategies.   * In overall, Mr. Smith’s major roles are to ensure that the two hospitals are properly governed, managed and all financial issues solved efficiently. Problems the CEO Is Likely to Face The major problems facing many hospitals that Mr. Smith will encounter as the newly appointed CEO is trying to control the cost of healthcare, which is on an increasing trend and contracting reimbursement (Li-Ping Tang & Timmer, 2008). The hospitals are challenged because the community expects them to provide more services than they are paid for. Due to this, they are faced with tight budgets that they need to control. Despite the budget crisis reimbursement for outpatients are getting reduced by the federal government. Another problem Mr. Smith is likely to face is on staffing since there is a national shortage of nurses. It is even more challenging because he is running two hospitals t
Community corrections are considered vital in reducing rehabilitation and recidivism, owing to the current increased rate of crimes committed in the community. The community corrections entail broad utilization of supervision of criminals by the community via approaches that are deemed crucial in conducting such tasks. The approaches may entail the use of available systems of communication as well as other supervisory methods as set by the criminal justice system regulations. The main objective of imposing community corrections on offenders is to prevent a further repetition of a crime after incarceration, which has long been considered important over the years. Surprisingly, the number of those that repeat prior mistakes and incarcerated for a second time continues to rise everyday, causing a lot of concern to the government and the community at large. Generally, rehabilitation is a process that entails containment of prisoners to modify their behavior through various procedures, not necessarily punishment induction. This may be done by assigning released offenders some community-based activities for performance under supervision depending on the level of the initial offence. Corrections in the community are conducted by the use of all forms of available systems, for instance, Global Positioning Systems and highly electronic forms, probation parole etc (Alarid, et al., 2007). This paper’s objective is to investigate into the community corrections that help in reducing rehabilitation as well as recidivism. Additionally, it is important to study intensively the criminal justice system as well as laws. Moreover, the paper will provide an insight on the community correction practices that are imposed on criminals to help reduce rehabilitation and recidivism. The Criminal Justice System The criminal system of justice entails schemes, government structures, and institutions charged with the responsibility to up-hold deterrent and crime mitigation, as well as enhancing social control. The bodies are also given authority to impose penalties on those who are found violating rules and regulations through sanctioning procedures. Protection, in opposit
Roles in Child-Rearing The process of raising children can hardly be called simple since many factors are to be taken into account. Various theories considering both hereditary relationships and the environment as the main determinants of behavior at an early age, as a rule, mention the direct role of those who are close to the child. The involvement of parents is key since it is in the family where the moral foundations and principles are laid, which shapes the human character in the future. Responsibility for the actions of children lies primarily on those who gave them life. However, community participation can also be significant and sometimes even stronger. Government boards ensure that control over the conditions child-rearing should be performed, and appropriate measures should be taken in case of violations. The law on the deprivation of parental rights and encouraged by guardianship is aimed at providing children living in adverse conditions with safety. Moreover, society also plays an important role in the formation of stereotypes and opinions concerning the features of upbringing. Social advertising and movements in support of the protection of children help to strengthen state laws and the public awareness of the problem. The media are the effective means of disseminating relevant information; therefore, in addition to parents, state and social structures also affect the process of child-rearing. Ecological Perspective In order to consider the process of child development and the influence of special factors, a certain theoretical model can be used. This frame developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner is called the perspective and includes “the micro-, meso-, exo-, and macrosystems” (Steinberg 51). Each of these contexts explains the peculiar conditions of upbringing and development and in its own way influences the formation of personality and world perception. Based on the components of the ecological perspective, I can analyze my systems and assess the impact that they have had on my development as a child and current views. Personal Microsystem According to Steinberg, a personal microsystem “is a setting in which the child interacts with others face-to-face every day” (51). From my childhood in my native country, I remember only positive memories. My family and I often spent time together walking in the park. My relations with peers and teachers at school were positive, and I cannot remember anything that could negatively affect my future perception of the world. Moreover, I did not quarrel with my elder sister; on the contrary, we were friendly, and it was she who taught me much. Therefore, my personal microsystem was distinguished by exceptionally positive moments, which are pleasant to remember today. Personal Mesosystem When evaluating my mesosystem in childhood, I can note that the actions and events that took place at that time influenced my mood but not in a fundamental way. As Steinberg remarks, this level provides for the interconnection between microsystems (52). None of the characteristics caused
Introduction Françoise Voltaire is a great French philosopher of the Enlightenment age. Candide is one of the works written by Voltaire that makes modern society think about inexhaustible themes of his ideas and their impact on modern society, governments, and interactions of people and cultures. As the picaresque novel is based on Leibnitz’s philosophy of optimism which suggests the idea of the perfectness of the world and everything in the world, to be more exact, Voltaire introduces ironic ideas concerning life and its imperfectness. Candide influenced greatly the life of Voltaire’s contemporaries as it opposed the earthquake in Lisbon to the concept of the perfect world. The novel introduces ideas about doubts on the optimistic theory taught by Dr. Pangloss, and sometimes “Dr. Pangloss was right when he told me that all is for the best in this world” (Voltaire 9). The work is centered on the theories and their use in everyday life; the main character thinks about whether optimism is appropriate in different situations. Sometimes optimistic beliefs can change our lives as it can be traced in the adventures of Candide. Lessons for modern living The novel consists of numerous adventures experienced by the main character. It is natural that a young man doubts the world’s perspectives. He does not think that the world is perfect or, as Dr. Pangloss suggests, “…all was for the best in this world” (Voltaire 19). The relationship between people is one of the most intricate spheres of human life. We encounter difficulties in communication, socially and in the workplace. Is anyone capable to say that obstacles make our relationships better than they are in the current moment? How can one possess optimistic views without being confident in his or her strength to overcome those obstacles? People in the poem meet the main character, Candide, when he faces hardships of life; they help him and he helps them then. Their relationships cannot be considered simple or extremely peaceful, though they have a common goal of staying alive and are ready to collaborate to reach this definite goal. Relationships between Candide and Dr. Pangloss are based on the teacher-student treatment, Cunegonde is a love interest of the main character, and other people encountered by Candide influence his life in some way (some of them want to kill or punish him, while others rescue him and heal his wounds. Some of the ideas presented in the novel seem to be rather pessimistic than realistic ones, suchlike “…nothing could be more just than to treat your enemies that way [kindly] for natural la
Gender is a creation of social and gender discourses that create set roles for men and women to follow. These roles distinctly demarcate the boundaries of man and woman’s intellect, ability, and position. Female identity is subjected to innumerable social and familial constructs that force them to lose their individuality and identity. Denouncement of these social mores is the source of escape for women. This becomes the central idea of both in A Doll’s House by Ibsen and “Hills like White Elephants” by Ernest Hemingway. Ibsen’s central theme is the position of women in family and society (Moi 256). Hemingway explores gender roles through gendered communication (or non-communication) between a man and a woman through a dialogue-based short story. The ultimate decisions taken by Jig (Hemingway’s protagonist) and Nora (Ibsen’s protagonist) are to break the social rules and find their own identity. Both Ibsen and Hemingway agree that women are trapped within the societal dictates and their life is ordained by the patriarchy. Both the works are an appeal to the modern age to deconstruct and change the ideas of love, family, and relationships. This article explores the idea of gender and social roles presented in A Doll’s House and “Hills”. This essay will argue that Nora in A Doll’s House and Jig in “Hills” defies the patriarchal domination and refuse to accede to its dictate, choosing their own destiny. Simone de Beauvoir argues that men are given a superior position in a marriage by social constructs (484). In a relationship with another woman, man is believed to be socially, morally, and intellectually superior (Beauvoir 484). Gender and social discourses teach women to respect the male superiority that makes her believe that man takes the first place. Beauvoir claims, “one is not born, but, rather, becomes a woman,” implies women are not born as a female gender but becomes one through social constructs (295). A woman is formed through the repeated teachings of her society that constructs her roles as a daughter, a wife, and then a mother. These social constructs that stylize the formation of the gendered self create the illusion of a woman (Butler 519). Thus, these patriarchal gender roles and social roles split the identity of a woman (Beauvoir 497). At times, she fails to refuse this perception of superiority in the fear of ruining her family while at other times she rebels against male authority, breaking the social norms. Both Beauvoir and Butler believe that female gender is a creation of social norms that are imposed on a girl-child after she is born. Thus, it creates an ‘other’ that she has internalized and cannot reject. Gender roles in literary work are discussed through the ideological struggle between male and the female characters. Ibsen’s A Doll’s House focuses on sociopolitical facets of gender roles. The main theme of the play is social and gender roles as perceived by the patriarchy and a woman’s duties and roles in a marriage. A central theme of A Doll’s House
Introduction Globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on several issues pertaining to the world. For instance, globalization is the reason behind increased competition in the global market. On the other hand, globalization has significantly affected the cultures of different regions of the world. Different courses offered worldwide have also been affected by globalization. One such course is the mechanical engineering course offered at degree and diploma levels. A course in mechanical engineering takes about five to six years of study at the university. It generally entails the study of the maintenance of mechanical systems as well as their manufacture and design of operation. Just like other engineering courses, it is physics oriented. Mechanical engineers are of great demand especially in regions where industrialization takes place extensively. However, in regions where there is a high demand for mechanical engineering services yet deficient, outsourcing comes in. One such region is the United States of America, where outsourced engineering has been extensively carried out in the recent past. This paper will look at the reasons why the United States of America has been outsourcing mechanical engineering services and how this has changed the outlook of the Engineering degrees awarded in the state. Why Outsourced Engineering is used in the U.S The term outsourcing refers to the act of letting or contracting services to other business functions or regions. In the recent past, the services of mechanical engineers in the United States of America have been outsourced from nations such as India, Taiwan, and China among others (Brown 1). The main reason for outsourcing various services is to get access to talent. In this case, the United States of America has resorted to outsourcing mechanical engineering services from other countries that have undergone industrial revolution to have the best engineers worldwide. For instance, a country like China has been a threat to most countries in the world because of the rate at which it has industrialized. Most of the electrical and mechanical gadgets that are sold all over the world have been produced in China. At the same time, the Chinese engineers are contracted by other nations to carry out construction of r
Have you ever thought of dolphins as social creatures possessing their own culture and behavioral patterns that could not be explained by employing simple laws of nature? It is a universally accepted notion that animals kill to survive or feed themselves. They express their aggression only to defend themselves. Finally, animals live in pods to enhance their protection mechanisms. All these facts are true, but they cannot be applied to dolphins, marine mammals, which are regarded as the most intelligent animals on the planet after humans, of course. However, the scientists have problems with defining how intelligent dolphins are due to the differences in sensory apparatus, cognition techniques, and response models. Learning more about dolphins makes it much harder to distinguish between animals and humans. Can dolphins employ similar laws as humans? Because their intellectual level and cognition mechanisms have not been researched sufficiently, there is much to think about. Typically, the marine mammals live in groups counting up to 40 dolphins. At a glance, there is nothing special about this fact because many other species are living and hunting in pods because of similar feeding habits. However, the difference does exist because these pods are organized in accordance with specific social patterns of behavior. Hence, if a new dolphin enters a pod, the group organizes the greeting ceremonies. If one member of a group is not welcomed among other group members, this dolphin is under is threatened to live in exile. In fact, strong sense of personality allows dolphins to establish communication and engage in social interaction. With regard to the peculiarities of socialization and living in groups, many scientists in various fields tend to believe that dolphins living in pods can establish long lasting relations. When two groups meet, they can also be engaged in greeting rituals, which differs from the traditional animal world where groups would fight for the territory to survive. A close study of the behavioral habits of dolphins has also revealed that the species can contact each other through petting, rubbing, or even hitting to express their sympathy with each other. The animals used to swimming close to each other, which indicates their friendship. Resting fins on dolphin’s back is also a kind of handshake, as accepted in a human world. Therefore, it is also possible to talk about the culture of behavior in a dolphin’s setting. There is also the reverse side of the medal because dolphins can also express aggression and violence against each other. Such type of behavior is often indicated by dolphins’ approach to another dolphin from direct line. In case a dolphin is not aggressive, it can usually approach its opponent from an oblique angle. Some might reject the fact t