ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
“Strategic management is the process by which, managers act on behalf of owners in utilizing the resources so as to enhance performance of businesses in a given environment” (Dess, Lumpkin & Eisner, 2009). They decide on the source of resources, use and evaluation of the whole process to determine success or failure. Corporate strategy refers to the direction/scope of corporation and the criteria by which, various operating departments work together to realize particular set goals. According to Dransfield (2001), different sections of the corporation have their own responsibilities, but at the end of it all, they strive to realize the common goal of the corporation as a whole. The main objective is to deliver products and services in the way the stakeholders are expecting. The corporation where I belong has stated its strategy clearly on the mission statement. This defines how the mission would be easily implemented through coordination of departments. The mission statement gives guidelines of the processes that are supposed to be done in order to achieve set goals. These guidelines are the ones that corporate strategy enforces and oversees their implementation. A functional strategy simply refers to selecting the decision rules in every functional area and preferably presenting them in writing. These functional strategies include marketing strategy that defines how products and services would be made available to the customer, identify the customer, and make sure the customers are satisfied and maintained. Financial strategy helps in identifying the main funding, e.g. investors, their own funding or through programs of debt financing. Giffler and Reymond (1992), explains that research and development strategy focuses on expansion whereas operational strategy deals with coordination of departments in their day to day operations. Purchasing strategy provides resources in form of raw materials as well as assets to the corporation. Promotion and outsourcing of staff is done through human resource strategy. Strategy of information technology takes care of the need to be updated as far as technology is concerned. The corporation where I belong uses this strategy in all its departments to fasten its decision making and enhance effective coordination. The strategy also simplifies control and promotes growth with stability while at the same time acting as a medium of authority delegation. Competitive strategies can be well defined by understanding why the business is in operation, what its goals are, how competent it is and who it is operating with in the market segments. As suggested by Porter (2004), this understanding would identify barriers, which would require counter effect. Offensive strategy is one method of competitive strategy where barriers are overcome by changing systemic process generating them. This strategy has the option of altering competitive structure in one’s indu
Introduction Bowel elimination is a basic human need. It is a normal physiological process and supports the daily function of the human body. It is broadly defined as the passage and excretion of waste products that were previously ingested and assimilated by the body. The control of the bowel function is of great concern to people because of the physiologic comfort it creates and the impact on socio-psychological well-being. Patterns of elimination vary according to the experiences a person encounters throughout his lifespan. Different factors contribute to the ease or difficulty of elimination, some examples point to aging, hormonal changes, stress, change in diet, lack of activities, disease processes, medications, trauma including surgery, and treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and radiation. The adverse reaction to good bowel control results in constipation or diarrhea. For the purpose of this study, constipation will be the main topic to be examined. Main body Constipation pertains to the difficulty in the passage of the bowel during the physiological process of elimination. Individuals experiencing constipation generally eliminate their bowel for only a couple of times in a week. In addition, these individuals have to strain in order to succeed in elimination, and they also feel nauseated due to the containment of waste materials within their bodies. It is not an exaggeration of fact that the normal adult population in America is affected by this perennial problem as previous studies seem to have documented that in non-oncology populations, constipation has remained one of the most common digestive problems in the United States. Martin and colleagues (2006) argued that constipation problems were the primary reason for approximately 2.7 million ambulatory care visits annually and about 55% of costs incurred from inpatient hospitalizations. Constipation has remained a common problem and major source of both psychological and emotional distress for the post-operative oncology patient population. Statistically, although the exact incidence of constipation in this population is not known, It has been estimated that majority population is troubled with constipation, especially those individuals who are receiving or using opioids (Smith, 2001). The purpose of this study is to provide data on the actual effectiveness of prune juice in combination therapy with Senna-S for post operative craniotomy patients against those only using Senna-S alone. The specific aim of this investigation is to enhance comfort through appropriate anticipatory guidance and symptom management of patients with bowel elimination problems. There is significant information available in the literature for the prevention and management of constipation in patients with cancer using Senna-S or other combination o
The global cosmetics market is on the verge of growth given that the planet will always call for beauty. Owing to the effects of urbanization, growth in GDP, and population growth, the populace with access to modern-day beauty cosmetics is augmenting immensely. L’Oreal is the leading international business vending beauty products 1 . For many decades, the company has invented in beauty, offering all people with the best cosmetics 2 . It has not merely given people access to beauty but it has also endowed them with products that are in accord with their expectations, culture and requirements. In this context, L’Oreal’s actions, behaviors, and communications portray the true meaning of the company’s activity. Although the company’s performance is highly inclined toward fulfilling societal needs, some aspects call for improvement, a concern that this entry explores comprehensively. L’Oreal’s performance pertaining to fulfilling the needs within society Dedicating itself exclusively to the business of beauty, L’Oreal has made cosmetics the hub of its expertise and energy. L’Oreal’s mission is to proffer all people with cosmetics, which are superior in safety, efficacy, and quality 3 . The company commits to utilizing its overall research and knowledge resources for the well-being of both women and men within the entire universe, regardless of their multiplicity. To attain this objective, it works toward meeting the vast range of beauty desires and needs. Equally, it embraces an inimitable research arm that facilitates its continual exploration of novel territories as well as invention of future products. L’Oreal embraces both external and internal communication networks that enhance the company’s effectual relations with its consumers and stakeholders. The communication team endeavors at disseminating the company’s identity and image to the society since communication is a significant tool in building global images for brands 4 . The brand communications panel ensures a coherent and steady brand image. Through communication, the society attains maximum exposure to L’Oreal’s products. Likewise, corporate communication keeps employees totally informed on the latest competitor news and industry trends. Sustainability remains part of L’Oreal’s design process. L’Oreal is cautious of the impacts of its activities on the natural surroundings. Consequently, the company seeks to reduce these impacts. The company constantly focuses on supporting its local communities by trimming down its negative impacts on the environment. It progressively invents novel techniques of sustainable consumption; an aspect that Epstein emphasizes is effectual in environmental sustainability 5 . To achieve this, L’Oreal has realized that it ought to enforce sustainability standards across its project portfolio. Therefore, being sensitive to biodiversity, L’Oreal observes sustainability throughout the life cycle of its products. It assesses the upshots of the ingredients, production, distribution, consumer use, and fi
Since the early 1980s, after the death of Mao Tse-tung, a prominent politician who played a major role in formulating Chinese foreign policies of 1949-1976, China has managed to pursue a foreign policy that is highly independent. This means that the country formally rejected close relationship with other states. Safeguarding national security was the main objective of Chinese foreign policy when Mao Tse-tung was in power. He wanted to guarantee the territorial integrity of China, win state sovereignty and enhance an international status. This means that security and survival orientation were the main objectives of the foreign policy when Mao Tse-tung was still alive. During 1949, one of the main Chinese international strategies was to use its national power to promote national interest (Sutter 2009). In the 1950s, Chinese policies were divided between the United States and the Soviet Union to learn one side strategy. In the 1960s, Double Anti policy had been formulated, and later on, the one united front strategy was implemented in the 1970s. After the death of Mao Tse-tung, economic reforms were made under Deng Xiaoping who reversed all his policies, focusing more on transitioning Chinese market economy. Xiaoping’s main goal was economic modernization which made China actively participate in several world affairs. A new policy was formulated which allowed China to open up to outside world and take part in world trade and politics. This exemplary policy greatly expanded economic relations of China with foreign nations. Being a part of independent foreign policy of peace has enabled Beijing to become a part of numerous international organizations (Robinson 1995 ) . China has also been able to maintain diplomatic relations with many nations as far as 157 nations. This was recorded in 2007 and recognized as a huge number as compared to that of 1949 when the country was under Mao Tse-tung’s rule. Today, China is willing to build relationships with different social system governments on peaceful coexistence basis and mutual respect. China is also relating more with developed countries, such as European states and Japan, which has brought tremendous economic success for the nation. There are limits that are used to identify the most powerful Chinese leaders in the foreign policy. These include that the leader should be focused on achieving Chinese national interests and not his own. Informal channels that are based on institutional allegiance and personal relationships should be
In the 1960s, the archeologists discovered that the Vikings had settled at L’Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada. The discovery caused major sensation as it was the first proof that Vikings had arrived at the shore of America five centuries ahead of settling in Columbus. The land that is far to the west was discovered by Leif Eriksson, a seaman who named it Vinland the Good i . However, Vinland did not attract the interest of European settlers. The growth of Vinland was dependent upon the Norse settlement in Greenland. Greenland at the time had close to 500 settlers. The settlers were too few, and it would not make sense for others to move to the west. Despite the resources in Vinland, Greenland was also endowed with adequate resources and large land that had not been fully explored. The Vikings did not see any need that would motivate them to leave Greenland and travel to Vinland to settle there. The distance between Greenland and Vinland was also a big barrier. The two geographical regions were set apart by over 2500 kilometers making it a difficult journey to navigate. Even though Vinland was endowed with plenty of grapes, the land lacked other highly essential resources, at the time such as spices, luxury metals, fabrics, and weaponry. The Europeans occupied the larger America almost 500 years after Leif had left following the discovery of new routes by Christopher Columbus. The settlement was inspired since the Ottoman Empire in 1453 caused the shutting of the overland trade road, called the Silk Road ii . The Spanish were the first settlers followed by the Portuguese and the Nerds.
Executive Summary Preliminarily, it is inherent to state that, prior to making a marketing plan for an organization; it is extremely important that we begin by assessing the current nature of operations, their nature of profitability and the challenges being faced. It is only by having knowledge of such that we will be able to construct a circumspect plan able to deal with past, present and future prospects of the organization. In the bid to make a fitting plan, there are several marketing dynamics at Bates Furniture that need to be assessed. Such factors include productivity, profits, growth, turnover, stability and cohesion. These measures of effectiveness may vary depending on the company, its mission, environmental context, nature of work, type of product or service and customer demands. It is based on the above viewpoints, among many other issues that this Marketing plan for Bates Furniture Inc. is proposed. Company Description As per the case study by Kerin and Peterson, BatesManor Furniture, Inc. is a medium-to-high priced manufacturer of wood furniture for bedrooms, living rooms and dining rooms. Having been established in the early 1900s by Charlton Bates’ grandfather, the company has, over time, curved a name for itself as one of the most successful furniture companies in the US with quality products, customer-friendly services, price-friendly products and services, and a good marketing niche in the world of furniture sales. In 2007, BatesManor Furniture, Inc. (from henceforth known as Bates Furniture) recorded sales of $75 million with an enviable pre-tax profit of enviable profit of $3.7 million. In spite of witnessing good profit margins, the company still faces stiff competition from many other companies. In addition, the company intends to introduce new products and services based on their merger with Lea-Meadows, Inc. This, therefore, calls the need for progress and establishment of a marketing plan that will be able to see them through in their plans next year. It is with this in mind that the plan below is formulated. In doing so, principal focus is going to be on analyzing goals, aims, objectives of the marketing plan, strategic actions of the plan, situational analysis, risk analysis, feasibility study of the plan, budgetary estimate, stakeholder analysis and potential benefits among many other macroeconomic facets. It is only by viably assessing these salient facets that the marketing plan will be able to lay down a concrete founda
Introduction In the 21 st century, humans have seen an increasing development in a number of areas in their lives. These developments have constantly affected their lives, their relationship with each other, how they communicate, and perform their duties. The development of computers is a major breakthrough in the history of humanity which has drastically changed the way humans live nowdays. The entire world has become a global village owing to the change in interaction influenced by computers. In the first few years when computers were developed, they were not widely used in order to perform human functions. In those days, people were still uninformed technologically; most of the human activities were handled manually. In the 21 st century, that situation has changed and computers have become part and parcel of the human nature. As a result, computers influence the way we live, the way we communicate, the way we interact with each other touching almost every aspect of the human nature. The scope of computers in the human life Humans are rapidly changing and becoming inclined to the use of computers more than any other electronic gadget in the world today. The scope of computer usage is expanding every single day ranging from health to education, security to communicate and so on (Kizza, 2010). Computers are vital in hospitals as they are being used to monitor patients, make diagnosis among many other medical functions. Actually, a hospital can hardly deliver its services to patients without the use of computers. It is not, however, the only critical function of computers in a hospital (Kizza, 2010). There are other scopes, for example, the record keeping system, which requires the use of computers to run effectively. Security dependency on Computer Security, on the other hand, is a major concern in the world today. Security agencies face greater challenges in the current world than in the past centuries. This has prompted the agencies to consider other alternatives in managing and curbing crimes other than the manually patrols around towns and areas of great insecurities (Kizza, 2010). Computers have come in handy to solve this issue and currently the results are proving to be good. In major cities in the developed world, the streets and highways are monitored using CCTVs which transmit their images to computers. Security agencies of the 21 st century depend greatly on the use of computers to maintain peace and order more than they do with physical patrols. Education dependence on computers Education is another area where computers have infiltrated and have become virtually detachable. It is impossible to picture a student without his or her computer being an imp
Any piece of literature is the manifestation of one’s instinct through the coloring of words. In this process, one may rely on various devices to polish the abstract ideas conceived in his mind. As it is offending those who resent the reinterpretation of the accepted beliefs or previous works it often provokes controversy. Sometimes a person may have a particular experience of his own or he may approach a historical event or any previous work done by his predecessor. When one takes a historical event or a previous work as his source material he may be tempted to make considerable alterations to the real fact. Most of them take it as a right to change the source material or the historical event and that is called poetic license. In detail, poetic license is a colloquial term that denotes the alteration or complete ignorance of the fact, conventions of grammar or language, or the altering of an established fact that an artist may undertake in the name of art. By poetic license, William Herbert Carruth remarks, “Sometimes the great poet deliberately violates a little law in order to obey greater one; and sometimes the great poet simply forgets, – is careless is so absorbed in thought that he overlooks his minor technique. In many cases, he would have corrected the little defect if he had noticed it in time.” (Carruth). When analyzing poetic license, one can see that it is not always possible for a writer or a filmmaker to restate or reinterpret the social, cultural, and material life of his source material. If he portrays or sketches the incidents or events exactly like the source material, the readers or the audience of films may feel it absurd and may refuse to read or view it. To lessen these problems the world-renowned dramatist William Shakespeare has used this right in most of his works. His great tragedies and historical plays are examples of his effective use of poetic license. One of the best examples is Mark Antony’s speech in “Julius Caesar” which begins as: “Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears.” (Shakespeare). Here technically the word “and” is required before “countrymen”, but Shakespeare deliberately omitted it in order to preserve the rhythm of iambic pentameter. Filmmakers often adapt historical events, myths, or stories that best suit their inclination. One can cite a good example of this kind of adaptation in the very popular film “The Patriot” released in the year 2000, directed by Robert Emmerich. The real historical event mentioned in the film occurred in South Carolina in 1776 at the time of the American Civil War against the British. (Plot Summary for The Patriot). Though he had the least desire to participate in the war, the French -Indian war hero Benjamin Martin was forced to participate in the war because of the brutal murder of his two eldest sons Gabriel and Thomas. The story of the film moves on with the narration of Benjamin and his guerrilla army and their tremendous victory in the war of independence. An overview of the film will reveal the adaptation of the real historical incident or the writer’s poetic justice. One notable adaptation has taken place with regard to the burning of the church as