ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Article “Earth Democracy: Beyond Dead Democracy and Killing Economies” discussed a conflict that exists between considerations of economic growth and sustainability (Shiva). While the author contended that democracy was supposed to be the rule for the people by people, the globalized society had forgotten that environmental sustainability should matter. With the establishment of international treaties related to many aspects of external relations (Agriculture, Intellectual Property, Phytosanitary Measures, etc.), the industrialization moved the society to the practice of biopiracy. The author explains this phenomenon as the intent to patent biodiversity and genetic resources for financial gain. For example , the Indian products of agriculture such as Darjeeling tea, turmeric, and tamarind were patented by foreign companies for profit. Shiva stated that such a use of Earth resources is unacceptable; the planet’s biodiversity should not have been turned into property. In this context, Earth Democracy means that that the selfish corporations should not over-utilize the natural resources for their gain and allow those who have rights to such resources decide the most appropriate way of utilization. Analysis The author’s key idea is that there is a constant degradation in humanity, which is just “shopping in the global marketplace” (Shiva “Earth Democracy: Beyond Dead Democracy” 93). In my opinion , globalization may be a potentially beneficial thing for bringing global communities together and banishing social and economic boundaries. However, on the other end of the spectrum, there is constant damage and destruction of natural resources that are now not the way the used to be before industrialization. There is an arising dilemma that our generation should resolve: should we preserve nature and significantly slow down the technological progress, or should we continue our biopiracy and the destruction of resources for economic growth. Article “Earth Democracy: Creating Living economies, Living Democracies, Living Cultures” also focused on the long-term effects of globalization as well as the treatment of the practices and policies established by the multinational corporations. While many divide globalization and terrorism as the defining terms of modern life, the author put forward the opinion that globalization can be a type of economic terrorism. In this context, terrorism occurs through the exhaustion o
Amber Inn & Suites, Inc. was established in 1979 and it runs 200 assets which are distributed evenly in ten states. In addition to that, the organization possesses fifty lodgings. The rooms inside the lodgings are in various sizes such that customers can choose either a single room or a self-contained unit depending on their needs. The proceeds from the accommodation units were estimated to be 422.6 million as of 2005. Amber lodgings are quite comfortable because the guests enjoy large beds, besides a television set that is linked to a cable news network and a desktop telephone that allows the visitors to make toll free local calls. The hotel’s locations are convenient for business executives because they are strategically located near points of exits such as airports and convenience stores. According to Proctor (2000), this is because customers don’t like going to hotels that are too far from the social amenities. On April 4, 2005, the organization appointed a new chief executive officer to replace the previous CEO. His name is Joseph James who came with drastic measures to revive the company because as from the year 2005 the company proceeds had declined and he intended to assist the company to make more proceeds to compensate for the losses that were incurred within a timeline of two years. Before James was appointed the organization used to have budget allocations that were based on revenues but he came and turned the cultures to introduce budgets that were based on earnings. The declines
Moral Behavior Problems: Inclination to Criminal Behavior The case study represents a classic instance of a police officer overstepping the boundaries set by the legal rules and regulations. Officer Gregory showed a complete lack of morality when misappropriated the belongings of the victim of a robbery. By taking the possessions, he practically committed a theft. In fact, silencing the issue, which I chose as the possible course of action, can also be considered a crime. Similarly, the fact that Officer Gregory used his position to harass the woman stopped for speeding should also be viewed as a complete lack of a moral compass. He made it obvious that his personal urges were of greater importance to him than his official duties. Therefore, he overstepped the boundaries of the law. Ethical Issues: Crossing the Line The fact that Officer Gregory possibly bribed the Commander by giving him the watch that he stole, as well as him placing his things in the Commander’s car, shows that there might be an instance of bribery and complicity. Therefore, the choices that Gregory made were of benefit only to him and, possibly, the Commander, while the key stakeholders (i.e., the victims) were left without due assistance. Thus, from the tenets of the Utilitarianism, Gregory’s actions were unethical. Similarly, the fact that he allowed the other employee to shred the file with the pieces of evidence provided by his victim shows that he cares only for his wellbeing. Inconsistencies with Legal Requirements The issues mentioned above can also be viewed from the legal perspective. For instance, based on the standard requirements, the speeding issue ought to have been recorded. The officer, however, deliberately ignored the rule. Similarly, he was not supposed to touch anything on the crime scene, let alone take the victim’s possessions. Gregory, however, intentionally disobeyed the regulations, stealing the watch. The issues mentioned above are related to each other directly as they have the same premise. Each of the crimes was predetermined by Gregory’s lack of understanding of ethics, morality, and law. Unfortunately, people like Gregory still work in law forces (Porter & Prenzler, 2016); thus, the current policing principles and the supervision of the staff must be more rigid. Further Course of Action: The System That Failed I have to admit that being an informer is not ethical for me, yet neither is watching power abuse and doing nothing. Therefore, I would first try to talk to Gregory to let him know that I have seen him crossing the law and that I disapprove of it. Furthermore, I would recommend him to confess to the authorities about his miscond
Introduction Films are an art that has strong means both to depict the reality and the fiction and to explicitly express and demonstrate the ideas of the author. However, these statements are shown not only by the apparent details of a film; they might also be depicted by a variety of methods, such as the general background, the setting, or some details that might not always be immediately recognized unless they are specifically looked for. However, once they are found, a motion picture might also “reveal… something of the shocking significance of the ordinary details of everyday life to the optical unconsciousness” (Law & Law, 2002, p. 180). In this paper, three films (two of which were made in Europe, and one in Europe and the U.S.) will be analyzed to find what role the city plays in them. It will be argued that in two of these movies, Cloud Atlas and Ratcatcher , show the city as a place associated with exploitation, discrimination, or social problems, whereas the third one, The Girl on the Bridge , depicts it mainly as a place where the entertainment industry is strongly present. Each of these motion pictures will be overviewed separately, after which their comparative analysis will be provided. Cloud Atlas The events of the film Cloud Atlas take place in six settings at different times. Each of these parts has a plot of its own, although they all are similar in that every one of them contains a protagonist who is fighting against some form of discrimination, exploitation, or deceit. In addition, the parts linked together via the notion of reincarnation; apparently, characters of each of the sub-plots are the same “individuals” (or “souls”) living different lives in succession. The parts are shown to the audience in turn, b
One of the specific factors that can be attributed to the recent international financial crisis was the loss on housing mortgage loans due to the decline of mortgage prices in the market. A country like the US had more than $1.2 trillion losses that resulted from housing loans (Modigliani & Miller 433). This subsequently led to the increased rate of loan defaults and foreclosure among the mortgage lenders. Moreover, banks and financial institutions relied on securities that were generated from the mortgage business. The securities were believed to have higher returns and lower risks. The decline in stock returns also led to the recent international financial crisis. The low interest rates in the financial and property markets attracted many investors to purchase the stocks at low prices. Consequently, this affected the lending standards in the financial and money markets (Taylor 12). Weak regulatory mechanisms of the financial and property markets are also some of the major factors that can be referred to the occurrence of the financial crisis. For instance, the financial regulatory sector could not regulate the lending activities of the Lehman Brothers Bank. It should be stated that the collapse of the bank led to the collapse of the financial system in the world due to uncontrollable lending transactions (Taylor 18). The financial regulatory sector also failed to control the house prices and interest rates in the market. The financial institutions took advantage of the loopholes in the lending policies and regulations (Modigliani & Miller 442). Structural Problem in the US Economy The lack of integration between financial institutions, the financial regulatory sector, and the modern practices of the current financial market are some of the structural problems in the US economy (Taylor 24). The regulatory sector lacks appropriate mechanisms that can be used to regulate financial innovations in the market. For example, due to structural problems in the financial sector, the NFA could control the activities of the commercial banks or develop appropriate strategies to ensure proper practices in the banking system. The institution has also failed to control the annual borrowing rates from the financial markets. Prior to the financial crisis in 2008, annual borrowing rate in the country had risen to 18.9%, which was above the GDP ratio in the country (Modigliani & Miller 439). Consequently, this led to debt problems in America. The structural problem will force the government to initiate bailout plans, hence continue the cycle of financial crisis (Modigliani & Miller 437). Structural problems associated with the lack of integration between the financial institutions and the regulat
Article Summary The subsidy of public goods by government According to Johnson and Whitehead (2001) article titled “the subsidy of public goods by government”, the rush to build arenas and sports stadiums were witnessed in the 1990s. Most governments opted to subsidize the cost of constructing both stadiums as well as arenas to facilitate their respective utilization by professional players. The claim to subsidize such projects was based on the justification that the projects would create positive externalities and preciously demanded public goods. However, measuring benefits accruing from the projects proved to be a daunting task. The total expenses incurred on the completed projects in addition to the decade planned expenses totaled to $9 billion. The local governments in conjunction with the state provided over 80% of the total funding. In 950s, the stadium construction boom trend had initiated. In fact, a majority of key sports clubs including sixteen baseball teams were playing in privately held buildings. In 1989, most football, hockey, baseball and basket teams enjoyed playing in publicly held stadiums. Even though building the arenas and sports stadiums became trendy and similarly admired amongst various states alongside local governments, the projects have not confirmed their financial worthwhile. Researchers such as Fort and Quirk (1992) showed in the publication that most sports buildings that were publicly funded failed to perpetually produce enough income to enable the proprietors cover the overall opportunity costs (Johnson & Whitehead, 2001). Actually, more failures became eminent when the return on the deemed viable investments could not cover the operational variable costs. The article thus reported the application of a valuation technique dubbed as contingent valuation method which was used to determine the produced worth of two of public goods ensuing from two recommended projects in Kentucky. The two projects included a league baseball stadium and a novel basketball arena. Neither of the proposed projects could satisfactorily produce publicly demanded goods to vindicate the initiated government or public financing. While the outcomes could not be generalized, they helped in shading light on certain major issues that were involved by demonstrating the viability of applying the above named technique to assess subsidized stadiums (Johnson & Whitehead, 2001). The impact of government subsidy on the supply and demand of commodities Governments h
Collaboration is an inherent part of many professions, especially if specialists need to engage with each other to deliver products or services. In healthcare, nurses work with a variety of other specialists when caring for patients. Moreover, nurses often work in teams and exchange knowledge inside and outside of their units. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine ([IOM], 2010) released a report in which nurses’ increased collaboration is highlighted as one of the main goals for the future of healthcare. A hospital environment benefits from collaboration, making the practice more open to positive development (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2021). As Doctors of Nursing Practice (DNP), graduates also take up new roles that require them to work with other people to achieve goals (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2021). This paper reviews the value of collaboration and its potential impact on the practice and nurses’ personal roles. Intra- and interprofessional collaboration implies the teamwork or information exchange between people working towards the same or similar goals. In interprofessional teams, nurses work together to provide high-quality care. Interprofessional partnerships include professionals from different segments – nurses, physicians, pharmacists, anesthesiologists, researchers, managers, and others. Both types of collaboration can increase the group’s overall knowledge and present different perspectives on the same question. Such a plurality of viewpoints and philosophies may benefit in solving problems and overcoming obstacles. For example, in practice, a DNP nurse can take a nurse administrator’s position, overseeing the performance of other nurses. In this case, collaboration with the subordinates allows the DNP nurse to establish strong relationships inside the team and foster an open and honest culture. The choice of cooperation influences the nurse administrator’s leadership style and promotes an atmosphere of democracy and teamwork (Waxman & Maxworthy, 2010). Simultaneously, the administrator can engage in interprofessional collaboration, working with other administrative staff. In this case, the DNP nurse may achieve a high level of transparency in such issues as finance and human resources, consistently being a part of the larger team. Collaboration is also advantageous to the nurse and the health outcomes in an academic setting. Cygan and Reed (2019) talk about the teamwork between DNP and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) nurses. The two types of doctoral degrees present nurses with different focus areas. By collaborating in research, DNP and Ph.D. nurses can addre
Introduction When it comes to the selection of judges, there has been a lot of conjecture and discussions on the issue for the longest number of years in this country as well as in this state, Maryland. For instance, the outstanding appointment of Judge Sonia Sotomayor was a culminating point that was able to heighten the people’s awareness of the importance of diversity in our highest court. The Maryland Declaration of Rights has been able to come with a description of the process of judicial selection and it is found as well in Maryland statutory law. Generally speaking, judges in Maryland’s lower courts are appointed while the judges in Circuit Courts must run for election. A third process is used in the case of appellate judges in Maryland. At one time the election process was thought to allow for a more diverse bench by providing opportunities for minority candidates to run for office. The court system in Maryland has been known to be compromised of four major levels; there are two courts for trial with the other two major appellate courts (Reddick 29). The courts for trial do give consideration of presented evidence towards making judgments which have to be based on facts and laws. On the other hand, the appellate courts do come up with a review of the actions of the trial courts and their decisions to see if the laws and legalities were followed. This means that the selection of the responsible judges is something important. Therefore, this paper will examine the process of judicial selection in Maryland and how such a process will impact the diversity of the bench, and also suggest better approaches that can be adopted in the state. The Process of Judicial Selection in Maryland Maryland’s Declaration of Rights and State Law have been important tools that have been able to give a thorough analysis of the processes for judicial selection in the state. This has been the same practice in all other states in the United States as well. From the years of 1970s, the Maryland state has been adopting a judicial process through which nomination is done. This sees several lawyers being nominated for the jobs. Such lawyers who have already been nominated by the nominating committee have to effectively meet the required standards in terms of their legal understanding and aptitude (Reddick 38). These individuals have to be highly distinguished personnel and in possession of a great deal of integrity, a sound understanding of legal proceedings, and wisdom. On the other hand, those vying for the Circuit Court Judges’ positions have to run in an election so that they may be retained upon appointment, and their term runs for fifteen years. As with the Maryland Constitution, there has to be the Governor who is supposed to effectively fill the new judgeship. This has to be the same case with any vacancy within the judicial office. The individual who is to be appointed has to be having some key and important qualifications (Anderson 26). However, the Governor still is greatly limited when it comes to the guidance and in making the dec
Introduction Even in times when nations are making significant efforts to establish peace throughout the world, the scarcity of natural resources and basic laws of human nature continue to fuel the threat of future armed conflicts. Many potential conflicts, in fact, are aimed at undermining the positions of current superpowers and changing the political constellation of forces to shift the balance of power and gain some advantage. As a global economic leader, the United States needs to define a set of guiding principles to prepare for future international conflicts. Drawing from credible studies, the essay explores three areas of concern: cyberspace safety, space weapons, and mental issues among military servicemen. Develop Strategies to Defuse Cyber-Attacks During the most devastating armed conflicts of past centuries, opportunities for warring nations to synchronize their armed forces were limited due to the lack of communication circuits capable of real-time information sharing. Nowadays, rapid technological advancement in some countries is giving rise to security concerns regarding cyberspace, and ensuring cyberspace data protection should be among the key priorities of the United States. Jabbour and Ratazzi acknowledge that the country has become vulnerable due to its “increasing reliance on cyberspace” (42); therefore, strategies that will make cyber-attacks against the United States more costly are obviously necessary. Cyber-attacks have the potential to become an important component in future international conflicts, in part due to the anonymity and complexity of cyberspace (Kern 91). The degree of technological development in the United States encourages obvious and hidden adversaries to attack the country in the realm of cyberspace to disrupt the operations of financial institutions, government websites, or law enforcement agencies. Strategies for making the country less vulnerable in cyberspace should be aimed at reducing the potential gain foreign adversaries might enjoy from cyber-attacks against the United States, as well as causing such attacks to become more costly (Jabbour and Ratazzi 46). Many researchers believe that the country needs to shift its focus from neutralizing small groups of cyber-criminals to “compartmentalizing data” to prevent significant information leaks (Ricks). Decrease the Vulnerability of Satellites to Attacks Taking into account the degree to which different industrialized nations
Patient Autonomy and Ethics at the Beginning of life Variables that impact pregnant woman’s autonomy related to abortion and the types of interventions for conception The abortion debate has split the social fabric into pro-life and pro-choice activists. The issues regarding the financial situation, medical condition, and society’s stigmatization of pregnancy out of wedlock are among the key variables of women’s autonomy that effectively deny women the right to autonomously decide their own fates regarding abortion without drawing public interest (Abortion Review, 2010; Hewson, 2001). Therefore, in this regard, types of interventions that exist as options for conception include activism that advocates for policy formulation that allows women to take care of their own health issues regarding abortion and child bearing. Another intervention concept regards provision for women to access professional abortion services when clinically determined that such provisions could be life-saving (Abortion Review, 2010). Patient Autonomy and Ethics in Childhood and Adolescence Plastic surgery among adolescent patients Adolescents’ cosmetic surgery is not a new practice. However, it has recently been a topical subject in the media. There are concerns regarding the ethical acceptability of this procedure. The most important sources of information for adolescents contemplating cosmetic surgery are television and magazines—the media projects instant solutions that may distort facts and express unrealistic expectations. In as much as parents’ consent must be sought before a surgery is scheduled, the ultimate choice lies with the adolescent (Bermant, 2005). However, it is appropriate to mention that such a procedure like this that does not have a lot of flexibility when it comes to reversibility has to be approached with caution and care. Patient Autonomy and Ethics in End-of-Life Care Making decisions about chronic care and end-of-life care Several issues impair the decision of practitioners regarding end-of-life care. These include; misconception of legal and ethical implications of the treatment and unfamiliarity with practical ways to apply the practice. The nurse must prepare and implement a plan through consultations with the family. Many states consider it legal to withhold or withdraw health care to end-of-life care patients provided due process followed (Arenella et al., 2010). Being that this care is usually challenging given the transitional hardship, pain, and desperation that at times characterize it, appropriate training is imperative for all who see to engage in it.