ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The main underlying cultural difference causing conflicts between Edwards Engineering Inc. and Kiel A.G. is a different approach to international business matters. EEI being an American company approaches a potential buyer in a friendly and zealous manner. Edwards sees the need to engage total openness to facilitate quick negotiations and save both parties on resources and time. This approach, rather than speeding up negotiations, caused Kiel to raise eyebrows. Having no proper comprehension in such an approach, Kiel takes caution and goes slow on the acquisition plan to give room for a detailed pre-acquisition audit on EEI. Edwards’s openness was unexpected and therefore seen by Kiel as a strategy to cover up for some underlying major problems. In turn, Kiel’s changes approach in favour of a formal approach to the acquisition negotiations, which Edwards regards as expensive and unnecessary, after all he had given all required information about EEI. Both parties were willing to make the deal but neither of the two was used to the other’s cultural approach to negotiation nor was any willing to embrace the opposite party’s approach without suspicion. The situation posed a major cultural conflict between Kiel A.G. and EEI. In this case, a different approach to negotiations would be the engagement of international negotiators. This would be a much better approach putting in mind that international business negotiators have exposure to situations such as the above-occurred international cultural conflict. The negotiators would first analyse the divergent approach of the other party and come up with the best approach to use when facing potential international buyers or sellers without portraying any negative impressions as was the case with EEI. Due to the experience of the international negotiators who still are advisers, proper consultations would take place putting in mind the time factor. In this case, Edwards patients was running out due to the time taken by the auditing process while Kiel’s got concerned a lot with the Edwards’ hastiness to sell EEI. Engagement of experienced international negotiators would facilitate accommodative environments for positive negotiation outcome; therefore, it would be the best approach to take. Both Kiel A.G. and EEI should consider several steps in order to improve their negotiating behaviours. To start with, as much as Kiel was cautious and formal about the deal, he ought to examine the cultural behaviour of Edwards and be more collaborative. This would help him in identifying the concern and interest of Edwards and save a lot of time. On the other, Edwards should do away with his avoidance style of doing th
Rock and roll music developed between 1916-1956 when the words “ Rockin ” and “ Rollin ” were being used in the music industry, its development lead to what become to be a social phenomenon which is international acceptable as music. Rock music popularity was in the 1950’s when it was well known buy many people. Its early development caused cultural change over. The new musical style made the young people to rebel against their parents and this is known as the most defiant time in the history of America which had been brought by music. In late 1960’s and early 70’s musical groups and bands were created then with an aim of specializing with rock music. Formation of the groups and bands hastened its growth and popularity through 1970’s it also influenced the youth movements in the 1960’s and 70’s. It also has effects on the cultural change over in the youth generations which were on those days (White and Busen). Introduction of Rock and roll music had major effects in the cultural background of the Americans as it created a generation gap which made the youth to be rebellious to their parents. Although different generations differ in culture, lifestyles and practices it was evident that these changes took place as a result of influence by the music. Rock and roll music made the youth defy most of their cultura
Introduction Approximately one out of every thousand children is born with hearing loss (Bush, Burton, Loan, & Shinn, 2013). Since newborn babies are unable to communicate with the people around, this problem is difficult to diagnose and can be easily overlooked. A delay or failure of a diagnosis can cause significant complications for the child in the future and lead to problems with social, cognitive development and language (Bush et al., 2013). As a result, academic performance and socialization of a child will be negatively impacted by the absence of timely intervention. The babies who are diagnosed early start to receive hearing aids and quickly learn to function productively, so their hearing loss does not have as much influence on their development. The children who become the victims of failed or delayed diagnoses and start to experience problems with communication skills and education are given an alternative intervention – cochlear implants. Besides, the congenial hearing loss may be unilateral and bilateral. In the latter case, the children are given binaural cochlear implants (inserted on both sides), but often this solution does not help as much as it is believed to due to the lack of coordination between the two implants (Gordon, Deighton, Abbasalipour, & Papsin, 2014). The types of implantations, the way the devices work, and the learning progress of the children may seriously affect their sensitivity which results in a number of different effects some of which are negative (Guo, McGregor, & Spencer, 2015). As language comprehension and acquisition are the main problems for the children with hearing loss, the possible interventions may include the pursuit of oral speech acquisition or the sign language introduction, in many cases the parents of deaf children may choose both interventions at the same time (Fitzpatrick, Stevens, Garritty, & Moher, 2013). Since hearing loss is a very serious problem that affects such crucial aspects of a child’s life as learning, perception, and communication, many children with hearing loss end up having the consequential developmental and learning disabilities (Corrales & Oghalai, 2013). That way, the time when the cochlear implants are given to a child determines their further development and possible problems; the researchers find that the earlier the children are diagnosed and aided, the easier it becomes for them to develop adequately and learn in regular schools together with their peers who do not suffer from hearing loss (Geers & Nicholas, 2013). The optimal time for intervention and the ways to address the problems children may experience due to delayed intervention is an important subject to address for the contemporary scientists because the timeliness of the diagnosis and implantation define whether the patients are go
Introduction Nostradamus is the popular name of the 16th century astrologer, Michel de Nosteredame. This historical figure has attracted numerous followers and detractors over the centuries due to his prophesies. To his followers, he is the most significant prophet of modern times. Early Life   * Nostradamus was born on December 1503.   * He joined the University of Avignon at the age of 15.   * He had a great interest in apothecary, which is the research on herbal remedies.   * His first occupation was as an apothecary and he worked with a prominent physician during the 1545 plague of Marseille.   * Nostradamus travelled a lot and on one of his visits to Italy, he became interested in the occult.   * This marked a significant transformation in his life and he started practicing astrology The Prophet In 1550, he embarked on a monumental project of writing a compilation of a thousand prophesies. His finished book was published as “Les Prophetis”, which means “The Prophecies”, and this is what Nostradamus is famous for today. The modern followers of Nostradamus regard him as a seer who was gifted with prophetic power (Sharma, 2010). Ibrahim and Galvan (2008) observe that these followers credit him with predicting numerous events in world history. Prophesies attributed to Nostradamus Nostradamus is said to have predicted a number of prominent events in world history. He foretold the Great Fire of London, which took place in September 1666 and resulted in the destruction of the homes of 70,000 Londoners (Nostradamus, 2013). Nostradamus predicted the rise of the great French ruler, Napoleon Bonaparte. Followers of Nostradamus declare that the prophesy concerning Napoleon Bonaparte was unique in that it mentioned the name of Napoleon. This seer is also said to have predicted the rise to power of the Adolf Hitler, who ruled Germany during the Second World War. Believers of Nostradamus declare that he foresaw the invention of modern weaponry such as bombs, rockets, submarines and airplanes (Carroll, 2011). The Views of Detractors Not everybody is a believer of Nostradamus’ prophetic powers. Some scholars argue that Nostradamus did not write to be a prophet, but rather to comment on the events that were happening during his lifetime. The reason why he wrote in a metaphorical and cryptic language was so that he would not be persecuted for what he was saying (Ibrahim & Galvan, 2008). Skeptics of Nostradamus prophetic powers have observed how his predictions only become clear to the followers after they have occurred. Ibrahim and Galvan (2008) accuse the modern disciples of Nostradamus of fitting monumental events to the prophesies contained in Nostradamus’s book. The detractors of Nostradamus declare that his reputation as a prophet is manufactured by his supporters. This ardent followers of Nostradamus fit his word to significant events that have already occurred or are so imminent as to be inevitable. Conclusion No other astrologer ha
Introduction Popular culture refers to a set of ideas, feelings, perceptions, descriptions or impressions that are constantly reasoned through informal agreements in a given society (Mashable.com, 2005). This notion is commonly known as “pop culture” and is mostly prominent in the mass media where detailed accounts of people’s lives usually flood on a daily basis (Mashable.com, 2005). Today’s society is facing a lot of challenges such as drug abuse, war, prevalence in crime among others (Mashable.com, 2005); all these have grown to create many social problems and therefore, there is greater need for the community to work hard in order to eliminate this social problem that is becoming rampant in many societies. One of the major social evils is the issue of drug abuse that has become so prevalent in the society especially among young generation. Drug abuse is an issue that should be addressed with a lot of concern and it is important for every individual in the society to tackle this issue as a personal responsibility in order to safeguard the next generation. The topic under discussion for this paper will mainly focus on issues of drug abuse since this is a major social challenge that is rapidly taking roots in the society at all levels which means everyone is affected in one way or another. It is therefore necessary to educate and make people aware of the dangers of drug and substance. Discussion It is no doubt that pop culture has both positive and negative influence on issues of drug abuse especially in this era of globalization due to the easy access to information especially through the internet which happens to be one of the major medium of information such as musical lyrics, videos and films among others. In this regard, the discussion below will also focus on popular culture that is positive and educative on issues of drug abuse. The five category of music lyrics includes music by; Ben Harper, in the album Radiohead (2008) “The drugs don’t work”, Bare-naked Ladies, in the album Everything to Everyone “war on drugs” (2003), Lily Allen, in the album Everyone’s at It “Everyone’s at it” (2008) and finally the lyrics by Alice in Chains, Album Dirt “Hate To Feel”, (1992) (Songmeanings.net, 2007). Analysis of the musical lyrics First let us discuss the work of art by Ben Harper, in the album Radiohead “The drugs don’t work” (2008) (Songmeanings.net, 2007); this is a music lyrics that targets the young generation. The artist has been very persistence in educating youths on the dangers of drug and substance abuse; in this song he is discouraging the youths from using drugs for many reasons. The theme of this song is “drugs do no work” and therefore anyone using drugs should try to put a stop to this habit because drug abuse has no positive impacts to human life (Songmeanings.net, 2007). Secondly, there is the music by a group known as Bare-naked Ladies, in the album “everything to everyone” (2003) which also advocates for drug free society (MacKenzie, 2011). The artists laments how drugs have destroyed youths in many societies because of the dangers that they pose to the users; a vice that is described by the artist as evils of t
Striving to organize social life in the best way, people have always striven towards an ideal state structure that would satisfy the needs and requirements of every social stratum. Various theories have been put forward, highlighting and emphasizing an own vision of social order, with the classical fundamentals laid out, inter alia, by two of mostly recognized political philosophers, John Locke and Karl Marx. The former is traditionally viewed as a representative of the liberalism ideas, many of which have apparently contributed to the development of democracy in its modern state. The latter coins and voices the theory of Marxism, many ideas of which, however different they may seem, would have hardly appeared but for Marx’s acquaintance with Locke’s views. In the focus of the present paper are the notions of parliamentarianism, limited government, and popular sovereignty the way they are presented in John Locke’s fundamental work Of Civil Government: The Second Treatise and the way they are reflected upon in Karl Marx’s early essay “On the Jewish Question”. Envisaging the society as such originating from nature, Locke considers individuals to be initially not obliged to obey anyone else but themselves, as they are the only possible judges of the law of nature requirements: “creatures of the same species and rank […] should also be equal one amongst another without subordination or subjection, unless the lord and master of them all should, by any manifest declaration of his will, set one above another” (Locke 3). However, in the situation when the law of nature is not observed, man naturally seeks refuge in the society which aims at establishing an order with a view to preserve its property (Locke 76). Such society should be guided by a government the power of which “can never be supposed to extend farther, than the common good” (Locke 78). Thus emerges the idea of limited government: the power which is given to the legislative assembly cannot exceed that which people possessed in the state of nature, as it is impossible to bestow on another more power than one possesses oneself; regulated by a generally accepted law, the limited government is restricted by separation of powers (a notion characteristic of parliamentarism), and one of the principal aims of it is defense of private property (Locke 80, 88 et seq.). In case the government does not realize its functions, the society has the right to retain power from it and replace it with a more suitable one, therein fulfilling the principle of popular sovereignty (Locke 91). As opposed to Locke
Introduction Cinematic materials have played very important role in the lives of many people in the society. For many decades, film making and the content of the films have been of significance importance to the society through the delivery of a range of ideologies and key concepts to the people. From observations, it is vivid that there has been a general use of cinematic paradigms well design either for universal usage or for a specific delivery of a particular message, idea, opinion or suggestion to the people. Depending on a several factors of purpose, composer’s competences and level of technology among others, the intended message may be passed across to the targeted audiences through simple or sophisticated means. It is however very crucial for the cinematic producer to ensure that the audience receives the intended message in the right way without missing any key point or part of message in the film. It is from this point of view that we are interested in analyzing the film “American Soldier” by Rainer Werner Fassbinder in this paper. The analysis of this paper is specifically based on the last part of the film, where we try to reveal how the message of social interaction and masculinity depicted in the society, and through which we also explore different aspects applied in the art of film production for the purpose of perfecting the film work. Influences of Identity In the United States, the art of cinematography has very vital role in the course of transforming the society’s view of the concept of gender, especially in the area of masculinity. This has further been linked with the issues of relationship leading to recognition by the society and the state in which one live in. The film industry has over the decades endeavored in showing such ideological attachments as well as the engagements of the people from the community. Masculinity and social interactions in diverse cinematographic works have been depicted as issue major concern. This has contributed mainly through the indications that social interactions together with masculinity issue had been major problems not restricted within the American society, but such problems are being realized on many other societies all over the globe. Though the root cause of these problems may not easily be stated, cinematic producers believe that there is close linkages and influence from the field of politics as well as societal change in the view of male and female identities. Society& social interactions In short, while social interactions are key factor to societal identify, controversi
Background The success of any business depends on how the marketers popularise its goods or services to attract customers. Most investors believe that it is necessary to invest in a robust, reliable and efficient marketing strategy regardless of how it will cost their businesses. The automobile industry has gained popularity in the last three decades due to the massive population seeking to own vehicles (Coyle, 2010). Companies like Toyota, Nissan, Peugeot, Mitsubishi, and Isuzu, have enjoyed an undisturbed supply of their products to the market. However, there is a unique market of sophisticated vehicles manufactured for leisure and are commonly used by wealthy people in the society. Maserati and Porsche are very expensive cars that cost owners a lot of money yet they cannot be used to generate income (Flichy, 2009). This discussion examines how Maserati and Porsche employ different marketing strategies to attract customers and control markets. Business Orientation Maserati has a unique business orientation marketing strategy that focuses on market orientation. The company does not have plans to influence all car lovers to buy its products. Its marketing strategy aims at ensuring only those who can afford this automobile buy it. This means that the company knows it has a limited market and the majority of the population cannot afford it (Goolsbee, 2013). The price of its vehicles is high, and only the lucky and richest in the society can afford them. On the other hand, Porsche is a luxury car but not as expensive as Maserati. This company knows that not all people can afford expensive luxury vehicles, and that is why its business orientation strategy is sales oriented. Utilisation of the Environment Porsche has taken advantage of the high demand for luxury vehicles by the middle class. Therefore, its automobiles are cheaper and affordable, even though, this does not mean that every person can afford them (Thompson, 2014). On the other hand, Maserati has not paid attention to the existing environment. Most people cannot afford Maseratis unless they are super-rich like celebrities or politicians. The marketing strategy used by this company does not consider the market environment. Customer and Consumer Awareness The marketing strategy employed by Maserati does not address the needs of consumers. This company targets the rich people in the society. However, these are very few and isolated, and this means that this company spends a lot of money in manufacturing expensive vehicles that reach a small niche. On the other hand, Porsche has a friendly and affordable marketing strategy that targets a higher number of customers compared to Maserati. Market and Marketing Research Economists argue that Maserati did not conduct an effective market and marketing research to iden
Deviance can be described as any form of behavior that goes against the cultural values, norms beliefs or practices. Social deviance can thus be defined as the violation of a society’s norms Deviance is clearly evident in various settings within a society and can be divided into two with the first type being formal deviance that refers to the abuse of a society’s laws that have been enacted formally for example child sexual abuse, murder, robbery, incest, drug and substance and assault. (Erdwin H. Jr. p 54). The second type of deviance is known as informal deviance which refers to the violation or abuse of social norms, beliefs or practices that have not been formally enacted as laws. These vary from culture to culture and may include simple habits like that of picking the nose and loud belching to serious behaviors that include tattooing, polygamy and homosexuality. (Erdwin H. Jr. p 54). Erich Goode defines extreme deviance as the serious behavior, physical characteristics or beliefs that casts people outside a given society through stigmatization, discrimination or even exclusion from a particular society. An action or trait is regarded as deviant when it becomes unacceptable or unpleasant to many people. According to Erich, those involved in extreme deviance always want to associate with others with similar behavior hence creating a subculture that further highlights or strengthen their identity. Examples of such cultures of deviance include belief in white supremacy, involvement in the Earth First movement and alien abduction. These present ideologies are deemed by the society as abnormal. (Erich Goode, p 105). Alien abduction involves an individual’s claim of having had a distressing encounter or meeting with an alien. The alien is described as a short grey-whitish skinned cat looking creature that has thin hands, this serves as a stereotype for a white man describing a black or even a Hispanic criminal, a concept that describes America where crime is defined by race. The individual mainly referred to as an alien abductee withdraws from the public and instead gets affiliated with groups that hold similar beliefs. Alien abductees alienate themselves from the society to form their own different society and culture. White supremacy is believing that the white race is superior to every other races. This term can sometimes be used to describe the political philosophy that explains the great dominance of the whites in political and social issues. White supremacism involves a group of people that have formed their own culture different from that of the American values, practices and morals. This group believes that violence is the only way to ensure ethnic purification or cleansing that clears out the rest of the races and lives a pure white race in the society. White supremacists share different values from those of the society, they form a subculture that gives them a sense of identity and that supports their beliefs hence reducing the rejection they receive from the ord