ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This assignment is a discussion on the topic of Confucianism. The thesis statement of the discussion is that Confucianism is useful in cultivating and instilling good morals in individuals and in so doing contributes to harmonious co-existence of people in society. In the discussion I will argue that individuals gain good morals through the scripture, experience, reason and traditions. I will conclude the discussion by refuting the criticism labeled against Confucianism especially by Marxists. Discussion Confucianism is a philosophically derived ideology which outlines the moral and ethical principles which govern the relationship of people in a society. The philosophy has its roots from the Chinese philosopher Confucius who founded it in 551 BC. Confucianism makes the project of moral self-cultivation central to human living and offers a distinctive account of the nature of the self and of its cultivation. According to early Confucians, the essence of humanity is to live to serve other humanity with a view of creating a harmonious society (Ivanhoe and Van Norden 244). From the Confucianism view, morality is a behavioral based approach in distinguishing and classifying actions and decisions as being good or right on one hand and bad or wrong on the other. Put simply, morality refers to what is right and what is wrong based on some specific socio-cultural environments. It is synonymous to virtues, ethics and good. About what constitutes knowledge, Confucianism views knowledge as “a belief which is best explained by the reference to its truth” (Ivanhoe and Van Norden 244). In philosophy, moral knowledge is knowledge of what is morally good. Philosophers however tend to disagree on whether there is moral knowledge. Some elitists like Aristotle argue that there is nothing like moral knowledge, but rather “knowledge of the forms”, which means that moral knowledge is only found in those people who are trained or have studied morality. Other philosophers of the Confucianism orientation and especially those who are inclined towards the view that there is universal knowledge about morals based on our cultural and philosophical orientations argue that it is essential to reject the elitist views of Aristotle, and base our arguments on our conscience, simply because everybody has a conscience, which directs him or her to make judgments on what is good, right, bad or wrong. The difference of this view from the elitist one is that conscience enables everyone, regardless of whether educated on moral knowledge or not, to be able to gain moral knowledge regarding what is good, right, bad or wrong. According to Confucianism, morality is governed by moral codes of conduct which are written down rules which govern the moral conduct of a particular group of people, who share beliefs and customs. Examples of codes of conduct are the bible for Christians and Koran for Muslims. The opposi
Human capital is a valuable organizational resource. A firm’s routine operations are dependent on its policies, especially those governing personnel issues. The implemented human resources (HR) procedures can impact the retention of quality staff with suitable skills to drive growth, quality, productivity, morale, and innovativeness. A significant emphasis is placed on employee recruitment, development through training, and motivation – competitive remuneration and incentives. HR procedures are also critical in addressing workplace issues. This paper presents a statement of management philosophy and recommends to the Deloitte Board of Directors HR policies and procedures that could help the consulting firm improve its human capital capacity across its business units. Overview of the Organization What the Organization Does and Its Organizational Structure Deloitte is a leading management consulting firm headquartered in the UK. It comprises firms that operate under the Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (DTTL) brand. It offers “business consulting, human capital development, risk and financial advisory, strategy and operations, and technology integration” to clients in diverse industries, including aerospace and technology (MarketLine, 2017, p. 10). Core among its HR consulting services is talent, productivity, and change management. Its strategy and operations portfolio includes business model change, strategic alliances, and supply chain development (MarketLine, 2017). In the technology industry, the primary services offered by
The fundamentals of managing organization and people While discussing the role of a working team in management activity, I would like to start from the fundamentals of management and organizational behavior. First of all, it is necessary to point out that management includes a set of activities, which are related to decision-making processes. To achieve certain aims the organization should use its resources. The basic resources the organization possesses are divided into human, financial, physical and information. These resources increase the organization’s chances to succeed. Moreover, they help to achieve a purpose in an efficient way. Efficiency and effectiveness are the basic criteria management of the organization is to be based on. Efficiency means the organization is to work in such a way its resources couldn’t be wasted; while effectiveness means performing the right things in a proper way at a proper time. Of course, the person who carries out the management process is also an important element of the organizational structure. Thus, a person, who makes right decisions, organizes and controls numerous aspects of the organization’s activity, is a manager. I would like to point out that a manager distributes the organization’s resources. The basic areas management includes are marketing, finance, operations, human resources, administrations, etc. The levels the management includes are first-line managers, middle managers, and top managers. First-line managers are responsible for operating employees. Middle management implements the instructions of the representatives of the highest level. Top managers develop numerous management strategies, and set the most important purposes. The managers are also divided according to the area they work in. Marketing managers work with the customers and clients. The services and products the organization can offer are the primary points the managers are interested in. Financial resources are investigated by financial managers. Operations managers observe and control the ways the services and products are created. Human resource managers are mostly engaged in the employees’ training and development. Administrative managers work in functional areas. Management process includes organizing (the primary questions are the ways the
The cognitive concept of memory is an essential factor that can impact an individual’s life positively or negatively. The above notion implies that defects or limitations in memory retention and recall can drive an individual’s life to be extremely challenging. It is imperative to note that the ability to remember is an essential parameter towards the well being of an individual bearing in mind that in t5yhe course of life, individuals are expected to remember who they are by positively identifying their past experiences alongside recognizing other people around them to promote fruitful social relations. It is against this background that this essay critically analyses face recognition to capture crucial elements that come into play during this process as well as expose some errors that are likely to arise because memory retention and recall is liable to several limitations. Empirical research studies have conclusively demonstrated that face recognition is an inborn capability. As such, there are quite several researchers in psychology who tend to justify this notion by portraying how infants respond to familiar faces (Robinson-Reigler & Robinson-Reigler 2008). The notion above implies that face recognition is the most fundamental cognitive function during the entire course of human development. Nonetheless, face recognition is interestingly intertwined in several cognitive processes. It is imperative to mention that cognitive process is very significant in face recognition especially due to its role in storage and retrieval of information from long-term memory (Rakover &Cahlon, 2001). Moreover, cognitive processes assist in the proper execution of the first and second order of information and how the two orders or levels of information relate top to each other (Li & Jain, 2005). The latter authors further expound that the first relational order identifies different parts of an object (face) while the second order strives to associate these features with a particular individual. As a result, none of them can act independently since they fully rely on each other for optimal functioning. On the same note, concepts and categories of cognition play various roles in face identification, classification, and ultimate recognition. Categorization is an important cognitive process that demands a thorough classification of different objects based on their underlying similarities (Robinson-Reigler & Robinson-Reigler 2008). Similarly, these categories are represented in mind in an abstract manner through concepts (Robinson-Reigler & Robinson-Reigler 2008). Li and Jain (2005) underscore that both concept and categorization go hand in hand whereby if one is absent, the remaining one cannot function independently. However, the concept is superior to classification in the sense that ideas are the backbone to proper categorization during recognition and subsequ
Goal Statement The proper statement of goals is vital for communicating a strategy associated with the policy change. A large number of teachers cannot adhere to the requirement of emerging technology use in schools because they are uncomfortable with applying it. Additionally, they experience pressure from authorities because no communicational channel between the two was established. Therefore, while educators are willing to participate in the initiative, they do not possess the necessary skills and knowledge, which was not discussed before policy implementation. The school principal insists on technology application without investigating possible obstacles that may need additional attention. These factors result in a misunderstanding between staff members and the school administration. This paper aims to propose a goal for this technology policy that would mitigate issues and encourage teachers to explore the technology. The primary goal of this change is to mitigate the adverse outcomes, for instance, educators are unable to integrate technology in their curriculums, and thus, students do not receive the required knowledge and skills. In addition, student learning can be improved by when using technology to explain certain aspects and engage individuals in interactive activities (“Teaching with technology,” n.d.). This issue may result from a lack of confidence in integrating innovation in classrooms, insufficiency of learning materials that would provide an understanding of application means, and no incentives for professional development. The goal of this policy change is to enable all teachers to use emerging technology in their work. In this way, several objectives of change strategy will be achieved. Firstly, educators will be able to understand the positive outcomes that can result from using innovation. Secondly, their sufficient knowledge and confidence will allow them to use various technological approaches. Finally, students will benefit by receiving new skills that are vital
Introduction Costco is a club with enrolled members with different specialized units that offer different but well-known products to its members in one convenient locality. The aim of Costco is to offer its members the lowest prices possible on quality goods. All the goods offered by Costco are guaranteed and of the best quality possible (Costco.com.au, 2013). History of Costco The exclusive membership club, Costco, came into existence in 1976 when Sol and Robert Price solicited for funds from well-wishers and raised 2.5 million US dollars. In the same year, they put up Price Club, which was the first establishment (Costco.com.au, 2013). Price Club accommodated the commercial clientele only and initially operated in a refurbished airplane garage along Morena Boulevard in California (Costco.com.au, 2013). The business did not do so well in the first year of operation but picked in 1979 by acquiring two locations and realizing over one million US dollars in profits (Costco.com.au, 2013). The Price establishment offered its stock to the public on 12 July 1980 and two years later, a meeting brought together Jeff Brotman and Jim Sinegal that saw the drawing up of plans to set up a fresh wholesale establishment (Costco.com.au, 2013). In 1983, Costco establishment came into being in Seattle, Washington and saw an increase of two more locations in Portland and Spokane in the same year (Costco.com.au, 2013). In 1984, the fourth Costco establishment opened in Salt Lake City in Utah with the establishment hitting the one billion dollar mark in sales the same year. By this time, the company operated in five states of America (Costco.com.au, 2013). In 1985, Costco offered its shares to the public. As the Price establishment celebrated a decade in operation, Forbes Magazine declared it the ‘Best Managed Company’ in 1986 (Costco.com.au, 2013). In the same year, the first pharmacy opened in Portland, Oregon as the Tukwila, WA establishment housed the first fresh meat unit (Costco.com.au, 2013). A year later, Costco set up its first produce and bakery units as both establishments opened their initial optical laboratories. The year 1988 witnessed the winding up of Mid West Division with shift of focus to East and West Coast sales (Costco.com.au, 2013). By 1989, Costco had over 46 establishments, as Price Club became the third most lucrative firm in the United States of America. During the same year, the first one-hour photo studio opened in Chula Vista house. In 1992, Costco opened its 100 th establishment, located in Miami Lakes in Florida State (Costco.com.au, 2013). The year 1993 marked a decade since Costco opened and as the celebrations went on, the shareholders of Price and Costco companies approved
Eudora Welty Eudora Weltys works have always attracted the close attention of literary critics, nowadays her short stories are viewed as the masterpieces of American literature, however, her talent should not be limited only to fiction writing, because she was also a promising photographer, journalist, and essayist. Modern interpretations of her novels are always based on the author’s biography. It is not easy to distinguish the most important aspects of Eudora Weltys life, because all of them are closely intertwined, though, while analyzing her stories one should pay attention to her family relationships, her interest in photography, and her life in the South of the United States. Family Relationships The family has always been one of the most dominant motifs in Eudora Weltys works. In her opinion, family relationships lay the foundations for society; therefore, the author always paid special attention to this issue in her works. Among them we can single out such stories as “The Optimists Daughter”, “Delta Wedding” or “Losing Battles”. In these stories, Eudora Welty focuses on the bonds that unite family members. Apart from that, she analyzes the factors, which can severe these bonds, for instance, fear, jealousy, or rage (Westling, 25). Despite the fact, Welty never openly supported feminist movement, in her stories she often touched upon the position of women in the family. Her short story “The Ponder Heart” is about the person who beat his wife to death. Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that she has never been an avid advocate of womens emancipation. Photography It is well known that Eudora Welty took a great interest in photography when she was young. The author always stated that her literary career was more important for her than photography but this aspect of her life immensely influenced her style. In her autobiographical book “Ones Writers Beginnings” she says “I learned that every feeling waits upon its gesture; and I had to be prepared to recognize this moment when I saw it” (Welty, 85). Eudora Wetly’s style reminds that one of Chekhov who also focused his attention on minute details, which may speak volumes about a persons character or inner world. She believed that the author should realistically describe life and he or she does not necessarily have to interweave his own opinion into the story. Partly, it can be ascribed to her interest in
Inflation refers to the augmentation or increment of the general price levels in a given region while unemployment refers to the inhabitants of a region, who have not been able to secure a position in a working environment, and therefore do not have a fixed or regular source of income. There is a general consensus among economic experts that there is an unwavering correlation between the rate of inflation and the level of employment in any given country. This in turn, means that whenever there is a high level of inflation, the rate of unemployment is equally affected since the number of unemployed people will increase. Whenever the rate of inflation rises, the people in a region spend less on items, and this in turn, means that the factories have to lay off workers in order to be able to stay afloat due to reduced orders. Germany has encountered its fair share of inflation, which has had an impact on various aspects of the people’s lives in the country. The political aspects of the country have been shaped mainly by the activities that revolve around economic stimulus programs, which were set in this position in order to counter the long-term effects of the great depression that Germany underwent decades ago. In the earlier years of the last century, the economy of Germany went below acceptable levels with the lowest dip being at a point where the currency lost value. The currency became virtually useless with money being carried around in large quantities. It was evident that the nation had taken a turn for the worse since the citizens became billionaires without any value. This goes to show that the economy of the nation was at its lowest. The economic system was affected seriously since the citizens resorted to other means of trade such as barter. The political scene was also adversely affected by the rate of inflation since, the leaders had to change their tact when addressing issues that touched on the economic stability of the country. The German economy has seen vast improvement from years of around the late 1970s to date (Gordon 61). There has been a steady increase in stability with regards to the economy in a way that has seen the people, as well as the nation, grow. There was a severe and noteworthy loss of welfare, which came about as a result of the relations of fairly judicious rates of price increases, coupled with some additional factors such as the system of taxation which was in place. This goes to elucidate the fact that inflation is nothing apart from an option that may be considered as being attractive. The rate that Germany has experienced a change from the rather equilibrium r
Paul Fussell book “the Great War and Modern Memory” is about the British people and their experience during World War I and World War II. The book literally examines the effects of world wars on the British culture. The author, an infantry platoon leader during the World War II, excellently analyzes the changes the war has on the soldiers way of thinking in the battle fields and the people left at home. Using lots of literally material from different sources including poetry, memoirs, newspapers, letters, and magazines Fussell manages to recreate the events that led to the change in ideals and beliefs of war when the British engaged the massed armies of the western front. The book re-examines and restates the striking and typical expressions of the English literally consciousness arising from the war and after the war. The British men loved war when they believed it was worthy and with every opportunity, they had expressed the desire to fight. War gave their lives a special kind of meaning. Ironically, the seriousness of war was lost on them as many lost their lives fighting in a war they did not fully understand. Paul Fussell documents the huge loss of British soldiers during the war with 20000 men killed during the first day of the Somme offensive. Over 60000 British men were killed during the war and the author depicts vividly in a grotesque picture the emotional and physical effects of the war on the soldiers leading to disillusionment in the war. The unimaginable life in the trenches, blood, death and the painful reality that death was just around the corner undid the soldiers long held beliefs and ideals. The author superbly uses literally imagery of the trenches, enemy, and symbolism to bring out the changes in the book. Despite the bloodshed, suffering, and agony experienced during the war, the major objective was to defeat the enemy and stop it. If this was done then all the suffering was justified. Fussell uses Sassoon memoirs. Sassoon who was an infantry officer writes ‘George learns the truth about the war that is ruining England and has no good reason for continuing it’. It had to continue if the Germans who fought again in 1935-1945 had to be stopped and defeated. Sassoon who had been out with injuries went back to the war front courageously to fight, in reality ‘to stop the Germans’ The courage and valor of the soldiers is admirably but the book evokes pain in absence of a sense of purpose of the war in the men. The British were not prepared for war, and they had the notion that the world was getting better socially and in other aspects and hence the war psychologically took a heavy toll on them. Hitler on the other hand had made sure that Germans were psychologically and materially ready for war and hence Germans had no psychological issues to deal with. Fussell drives this point home when says, “The British were amateur, ad hoc and temporally. The Germans were efficient, clean, pedantic, and permanent. Their occupants proposed to stay where they were”. This is very true considering that the Germans had deep bunkers
Introduction “If the unborn are human persons, the principles of justice and non – maleficence (rightly understood) prohibit every abortion; that is, every procedure or technical process carried out with the intention of killing an unborn child or terminating its development.” (Kuhse & Singer, 2006, p.13). Analyzing and critically evaluating the book “Bioethics: An Anthology” edited by the famous scholars in the field of bioethics – Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer, one should take into consideration the above-provided quote, which determines the basic ideas of the given book and defines the issues those researchers are arguing for, generalizing the scientific texts over the major ethical issues provided in the volume. Drawing from this one say that the major themes discussed in this anthology work are:   * the legitimacy of obstructive desire and discontinuation account;   * the morality concerning contracted pregnancy, cell mass division, embryonic human stem cells procreative autonomy, germline and somatic cell engineering, and germline changes, and genetic screening;   * the issue of the cortically dead infant, some reasonable medical alternatives, and suggested theoretical and clinical equipoise;   * the organ transplantation policy, and the classification of transplantable organs;   * the possibility and the ethical and moral issues concerning active voluntary euthanasia;   * animal experimentation;   * ethical concern and resource allocation between patients. Therefore, it is possible to note that the given bioethics anthology is a definitive and descriptive collection of key texts concerning bioethics studies. One of the sharpest, but interesting scientific texts, represented in the anthology, is “In defense of the traditional Nurse” writte