ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The major premise/thesis of the book The book is premised on the argument that the environmental pollution is a key contributor to the various illnesses that have had an increasing trend over the past few decades. The author aims at proving the theory that environmental pollution contributes greatly to the increase of the three main illnesses namely breast cancer, asthma, and Gulf War-related health conditions (Brown 76). The author attributes environmental pollution to the lack of stringent legislations requiring firms to embrace the concept of corporate philanthropy and the adaptation of environment-friendly supply chain. In the last few decades, different nations around the world have experienced unparalleled population growth, which has led to unprecedented environmental pollution. The greatest source of environmental pollution comes from the mushrooming of industries, which emit toxic gases into the atmosphere. These emissions are linked to what the author refers to as contested illnesses. The evidence that the author presents to support the thesis The author asserts that organized social movements play a key role in the fight against pollution by pressuring various regimes to enact legislations that criminalize the act. The book is based on environmental and medical sociology, environmental justice, environmental health science, and social movement studies. Brown endeavors to show the effects of pollution to the health of the global population. The author presents his ideas systematically, and his probing seeks to establish the impact of the modern policies to health. Additionally, he explores ways in which scientific findings are publicized coupled with how the new policies have affected people, knowledge, power, and authority. The author cites the various research works that he and other scholars have conducted to unravel the effects of pollution to the health of individuals. This aspect makes the reader believe the assertions made in the book since they are based on firsthand information derived from research. Besides, Brown cites a few activist organizations including the BCA, as leaders in focusing on the environmental causes of breast cancer. He praises the BCA for its policy of not accepting funds from corporations that may create a real or apparent conflict of interest or whose practices endanger public health or may contribute to cancer incidences (Brown 102). The author substantiates his school of thought by asserting that activist groups play a vital role in mobilizing firms to adopt a green supply chain to reduce the overall effects on the environment. Additionally, he argues that in the past, the activist groups’ activities were derailed by the lack of enough knowledge regarding the link between environmental toxins and the contested illnesses. Moreover, he cites reluctance by manufacturing firms to adopt environment-friend
The purpose of this research proposal is to identify the need for implementation and evaluation of a valid intervention aimed at pain reduction in osteoarthritis patients. The main symptom of osteoarthritis is pain that limits a patient’s mobility and threatens the overall quality of life. The existing methods of treatment seem to be insufficient, which imposes a need to find new ways of problem resolution. Therefore, it is essential to provide theoretical and practical reasoning for the implementation of an evidence-based intervention capable of minimizing pain and postponing surgical intrusion for adult individuals suffering from osteoarthritis. Three recent studies in the field of electrical stimulation as a part of osteoarthritis treatment were reviewed to find the most valid evidence available about the topic. The literature analysis allowed for identifying that different types of electrical stimulation was applied to patients, but only some of them showed positive and long-term results. Patients exposed to electrical dry needling obtained positive outcomes only when the intervention was implemented in combination with exercising (Dunning et al., 2018). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) showed significant pain relief in the study conducted by Cherian et al. (2016) but was recognized as insufficient in the research by Zeng et al. (2015). According to Zeng et al. (2015), interferential current (IFC) therapy is the only effective electrical stimulation method that is capable of health improvement and pain relief. All reviewed articles proved that exercising only is insufficient for pain reduction. Thus it is important to implement the most effective electrical stimulation method to treat osteoarthritis in adult patients (Cherian et al., 2016; Dunning et al., 2018; Zeng et al., 2015). PICOT question: In adult patients with osteoarthritis (P), how does electrical stimulation (I) compared to muscle strength training(C) affects pain reduction (O) during the treatment process within the first month (T)? Electrical stimulation in general and IFC, in particular, is a non-invasive treatment “which delivers alternating medium-frequency current … through superficial electrodes placed on the skin” (Zeng et al., 2015, p. 200). Recent evidence proves that this method provides positive results in mobility improvement and pain reduction on a long-term basis. The implementation of the intervention should be performed for adult osteoarthritis patients in a medical setting within one month of treatment. The evaluation of the interventions should be conducted weekly throughout the implementation process using interviewing method to collect pain-characterizing feedback from the patients. Initial and final data about the level of pain and mobility impairment, as well as the frequency of medication intake, should be compared to evaluate the efficacy of the interven
What could happen if the U.S. has just been hit by a Nuclear Bomb? This is the question that lingers in many minds. It is also the reason why a lot of care and security measures have been taken to prevent such a global scale catastrophe. It is estimated that detonating one nuclear warhead in one of the US cities could affect three-quarters of the world population. The effect of such a catastrophe could be devastating not only in the US but also in other parts of the world. Others have termed such a phenomenon as a planetary genocide. The reason why detonating a nuclear bomb in countries such as the US is considered a global catastrophe, is because of its long-term effects on the living organism. The entire web that supports life will be affected. The radio-active effects on water, food, air, or any other sources of livelihood could cause death beyond human comprehension. It is estimated that one nuclear warhead is capable of destroying New York and its surrounding states. The radio-active exposures would be felt all over the US with long-term effects. With numerous half-lives of various radio-active components contained in food, water, air, and any other life sources, the extinction of the human species together with any other living organism could be imminent. No living organism could escape the radiation sterilization effect. The radioactive isotopes could continuously affect generations because of their presence in almost all resources that supports life. For those people who are not directly hit by the bomb, radioactive isotopes could lead to diabetes, birth defects, stillbirths, and generally increased deaths. Therefore, it is essential that anything that could lead to the US and any other city around the world is hit by any nuclear war head be avoided.
‘Opposite from opposites’ is the conception that makes understanding the world better and in clearer points. The question is that life is realized by people through the principle of cut and try. In this respect humanity can be divided into several groups respectively. The first is those who learn life by own mistakes. The second group is those people learning life through the mistakes in lives of other people. The third, possibly the smallest one, amounts those who tend to combine mistakes of people from the second group in order to reach wisdom, as such. The sixth argument from Plato’s Phaedo excites by its direct criticism toward wrong reasoning about life. In fact, it is quite controversial to think metaphorically. However, Plato gives a reason to leave metaphysics out by means of his arguments. Thus, the sixth argument states on the following: “If there is a process of becoming from being dead to being alive, it must be the process of the dead coming to life” (Plato 1). It is an absurd to believe that physical and physiological processes can be reversed. Nor can death of a man come into life. No less than in some another world going apart with rational thinking. It is hard to imagine that black side of a paper can turn into white unless being painted in this color. However, it is a material side of the issue. In terms of some non-material features, like soul, spirit and life one cannot help making go upside down. One more opinion inscribes an assumption that life and death are opposite and they cannot be equal by qualities. It is better to say that they complete each other in the natural process of ageing. Thus, one may suppose that life results in death, but not vice versa. In other words, Plato inscribes this process in his first argument, namely: “Those that have an opposite come to be from their opposite” (Plato 1). In my life I constantly experience unity and struggle of opposites. I feel it everywhere. For instance, in relationships between people there is a perpetual struggle. Men misunderstand women and, conversely, women are uneasy to understand men. On the other hand, the unity is reached due o the emotional and sexual appetence toward each other. People say that a man and a woman are different because men are from Mars and women are from Venus. This joke characterizes the principles of opposites. In fact, this law of dialectics inscribes the realities of life to be followed and understood rationally. Ho
In every woman’s life, there are a number of events and traditions that are normally followed in accordance to the girl and her family’s preference. Two of the most noted girl-related traditions, which are also the most compared, are Quinceañera and the Sweet 16. These two events are both memorable to every girl who is in her adolescence year and is turning to face the world of womanhood. Indeed, Quinceañera and the Sweet 16 are two very similar events yet extremely different in many little ways. Both of these traditions are aimed at showing to the public (or some would say, to the world) that the girl in the family has now turned into a lady. Both of these traditions normally involve friends, families and loved ones. However there are also a number of differences when celebrating Quinceañera and the Sweet 16. First of all, Quinceañera, as this word imply, is a Mexican tradition which is focused on girls who are 15 years old. Mexicans believe that once a girl reaches 15 years old, she is now ready for the transition from childhood to womanhood. This is a very important part of the girl’s adolescent life as this is their way of celebrating and acknowledging that the “young woman has reached sexual maturity and is thus of a marriageable age” (Hoyt Palfrey, 1997). Sweet 16 on the other hand is more of an American tradition and, as the title implies, is a celebration of the girl’s life as she reaches the age of 16. Also, Quinceañera is normally celebrated with some religious aspects. This is the very reason why the day Quinceañera usually starts with a mass or a church service. The birthday girl arrives decked out in a fancy full-length dress – frills, pastel tones and matching hats or headdresses prevail. Flanked by her parents and padrinos (godparents), she is specially seated at the foot of the altar throughout the service (Hoyt Palfrey, 1997). After the mass, a reception or gathering of all invited guests, families and friends will be held. There will be traditional waltz dance with the parents and other male friends or families. Indeed, having a Quinceañera is really more of a traditional in approach. There are sets of things that are strictly followed and there are a number of rituals, which if will not be done, will make the celebration incomplete. Meanwhile, the celebration of the Sweet 16 is more of a modern in approach. In fact, some people consider the Sweet 16 celebrations as an advanced version of the more prominent Westernized women-related traditions, the debutante balls. Lavish parties, foods, wines and gifts can be expected as this is commonly held among held by wealthy families and mostly popular in the South. At most times, Sweet 16 is done to achieve two purposes, to present the young women to society and at sometimes to raise funds for charities (“Sweet Sixteen”, 2008). In some places like Mexico, even though Quincenera is still very traditional with rituals that are strictly followed, some families now allo
Summarize the basic argument made by the movie — exactly why does the author believe McDonald’s is behaving unethically? Don’t summarize the MOVIE here, pinpoint the ethical argument Talking about the ethical side of the movie Super Size Me and its hard critics of McDonald’s and the style of life offered by this company, it is necessary to admit that its author, Morgan Spurlock, truly believes that McDonald’s behaves unethically to its customers and people who cannot even imagine how dangerous the offered product can be. There are many reasons why American people suffer because of obesity the most in the world, and the idea of eating fast food is considered to be one of the most burning issues, among others. The idea to promote super-sized food for low prices is ethically incorrect with respect to people’s desire to eat more and spend less money. This is why the main argument of the author in the movie under discussion is all about the company’s attempts to attract more people to their products without considering all those dangers and health costs of its customers. What logical flaws or biases do you see in the movie? Whether you agree or disagree with the film, discuss the holes in the arguments presented in the film Though this movie is educative indeed, there are still some flaws and mistakes which have to be admitted. In my opinion, it is wrong to accuse McDonald’s of being unethical to its customers, relying on the experiment offered only. Of course, if a person quits sports, starts smoking, and eats in fast food restaurants only, it is not surprising that some problems with health and obesity start bothering this person. The main bias of the movie is that the author does not try to combine fast food with other ordinary to everyday life activities which promote healthy-style life. He just underlines what may happen if he starts eating all this fast food day by day. I think that such an approach is absolutely biased, wrong, and not enough to make the decisions that are offered by Morgan Spurlock. What facts or conclusions most surprised you about the film? What was “news” to you? Actually, almost all the outcomes of the experiment presented in this movie were quite new for me. First, I cannot guess that fast food eating may influence sexual life. It is very interesting to observe how family relations may be damaged by the wrong food and constant eating at fast restaurants. On the one hand, it is possible to believe that fast-food restaurants provide people wit
Abstract MTV is an American television network that is very popular among the teenagers because of the content of most of its programs. They promote popular culture in most of their contents. The decision by the executives of this company to go global was motivated by the need to expand its market share beyond the United States. It was a brilliant move as firms try to go beyond their borders to increase their revenues. However, there is a concern that its contents may have negative implications on teenagers in the developing countries because of the fundamental differences between the environment presented in the films and what they have in real life situation in these developing nations. The management of MTV may need to customize the contents of its programs in different markets. Introduction The emerging technologies in the field of communication have transformed the world into a small global village. Widespread access to internet and ease with which information can be shared are some of the factors that have made it possible for this transformation to take place. The world is becoming increasingly integrated. Inasmuch as this comes with numerous benefits in terms of sharing knowledge, Keller says that the influence brought about by the technology-based integration has been skewed against the developing nations (43). This is specifically so because of the film industry. Film industry has a massive impact on the culture that youths and young adults embrace. They learn how to face a number of social issues through the films they watch. The rich countries such as the United States have dominated the film industry because they have the resources and relevant technology needed in making the movies. On the other hand, developing countries lack the needed resources. The outcome has been a situation where it is the culture of the West that is spread around the world. Every time these films focus on Africa, then the storyline is often about genocide, terrible famine, child-soldiers, prevalence of HIV/AIDs, and other undesirable events that are not admirable in any way. The West continues to admire the western culture while the developing nations get to hate their own way of life. This is a tragedy that is affecting many developing nations as the youth try to emulate their counterparts in the wealthy nations in terms of dress-code, social life, and relationships among others. In this paper, the researcher will focus on the influence of western films on the live
The authors performed statistical analysis using predictive analytics tools for healthcare and care applications (PATH). PATH, however, has been used not only for statistics but also for machine learning signal processing. It played an essential role in fixing falls and calculating the probability of further falls. Sensors were attached to the patients’ waists to calculate statistical probabilities. The authors also noted the low statistical power for detecting differences between falling and not falling. The statistics qualified the patient as falling if they fell at least once during the experiment. To compare the results, the authors used paired u-tests. The authors show descriptive statistics in diagrams. The study participants were, on average, about 85 years old. One of the most important statistical methods was questionnaires that patients were able to complete. These questionnaires demonstrated their weakness and, in general, the possibility for the authors to participate in the study (Ziegl et al., 2020). After completing the questionnaires, it was found that not all prospective patients could participate in the trial. Initially, more than 45 people were supposed to participate in the experiment, but many of them refused to do this or had health problems that prevented them from doing so. Of the 39 participants in the study, 23 people were falling (Ziegl et al., 2020). A total of 23 people fell more than 70 times, and the average number of falls was three to five times. The authors are satisfied with the function of the TUG signal, as it separated the fallen from the non-fallen; all statistical results are reflected in graphs and charts. I wonder if it would be possible to conduct a study on precisely the same topic without using all the authors’? If yes, what methods? All data obtained by the researchers was obtained through sophisticated equipment, which is not present in all nursing homes. Reading this study, which is entirely dependent on sophisticated technological medical equipment, one wonders if it would have been possible to conduct such a study ten years ago. The second question is about screening and how exactly was screening done. What would happen if screening was done more often? Perhaps thi
Older Couple Vs. Younger Couple The first step in the consumer buyer decision process, which is problem recognition, maybe the same for both a younger and an older couple. However, the younger couple will approach a major purchase such as a house with more apprehension and skepticism than an older couple. Thus, information search and evaluation of alternatives, the second and third steps, according to Armstrong and Cotler, will vary greatly among consumers of different ages (p. 161). An older couple will rely more on the information that they can acquire through personal relations, be it from their real estate agent or friends and acquaintances. If someone they trust recommends a particular professional or a company, an older couple is likely to use their services. Loyalty is one of the greatest motivators for older consumers, and therefore, it is possible that they will recontact people or businesses whose services or products they purchased in the past. Young consumers are more immersed in the virtual world and tend to question the authority of the brand by doing independent research. They subject businesses and their services to constant review and evaluation. A younger couple is not likely to trust a real estate agent or the information on a company’s official website right away. Instead, they will look for independent sources and cross-reference their findings. Apart from that, a younger couple may be more demanding since they know that if their needs are not met by a particular business, they may as well find another one in their area. The final stages, purchase decision and purchase itself, are similar among couples of different ages. Real Estate Advertisement Example Image 1. Real Estate Company Facebook Advertisement This real estate company Facebook ad (Image 1) is targeted at younger consumers who are conscious about making major purchases. By hosting an educational event, the company shows its potential clients that it is aware of their fears and pain points. The workshop is supposed to help young consumers with steps 2 and 3 – information search and evaluation of alternatives. Work Cited Armstrong, Gary, and Phillip Cotler. Marketing: An Introduction. Pearson/ Prentice Hall, 2005.