ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Construction of identity is one of the main prerequisites of uniqueness and individuality, thus posing a huge number of challenges in the modern processes of globalization occurring within the framework of architecture, design and art. Watson (n.d.) notes the extreme complexities that designers face in the conditions of internationalization and modernization, emphasizing the vulnerability that local design has in such environment. As soon as the progress moves on and erases the unique characteristics of places, cities and objects, it becomes vitally important to identify the role identity has in design, and the way designers may work on it to restore, recreate or create a new specific identity corresponding to the public needs as well as the whole realm of characteristics the place used to have and should have in future. While addressing the problem, one has to look at the concept of identity in a deeper and more thorough way so that to identify the dominant characteristics thereof revealing themselves in design, art, and construction. These characteristic features will become the guiding lines for developing effective design techniques for reconstruction and creation of identity in all modern aspects of design, including the product design, interior design, and broader design categories such as architecture, and even local geographical design. As Vial (2010) notes, the set of identity properties includes attributes making the thing what it is, essence and accident attributes shaping its features and form, otherness (features identified while comparing the object with others), sameness (the stability of features of the object in the course of time), uniqueness and singularity (Vial 2010, 1). At the same time, one has to focus on the definition of identity as it may be reflected with regard to objects, places, people etc. The definition is rather heterogeneous, and additional attention has to be paid to its full and precise understanding in terms of word and concept origination: “The word comes from the Latin esse, which means «to be» and has its origin in the thought of the Greek philosopher Aristotle. Essence stands for the fundamental being of something, that is to say the set of attributes that make it what it fundamentally is, which it has by necessity, and without which it loses its identity or would just not exist” (Vial 2010, 1). Continuing to explore the concept of identity, one should compare the initial meaning with the one from a dictionary – “it is the set of « qualities that make someone or something what they are and different from other».” (Vial 2010, 1). Thus, as Vial introduces the difference in identity understanding referring to various kinds of notions, the identity of a human being is his/her unique personality, the identity of an object is its style, while the identity of a building is its atmosphere formed by the place where it is situated, the country and the city, the people attending it etc. (Vial 2010, 3-4). Deriving the opinion about identity formation
Introduction Recruitment is a complex process that aims to fill positions with candidates most suitable for the job. Talent planning and selection policy are the two pillars supporting it. While it may seem like an easy task to match candidate’s competencies with a job description, recruitment is always based on a company’s long-term strategy, and current laws must be taken into consideration during the process. Report Attracting Talent Four basic factors are affecting the talent attraction approach, which is influenced by a situation with employees and by business strategies and operations. The first factor is the employee exit from a company. There are several reasons for it, including reaching the retirement age, termination of a contract, and a loss of key employees. Some of the positions cannot stay empty for a long time, as this might heavily affect the operations or planning processes. The second factor is explained by staff turnover. High turnover rates can be reasoned by both internal and external conditions. The internal conditions include the list of terms that are specific to a certain position and are drafted by each company individually and the work environment that is created by administrative executives. A company might represent an industry field with the default high turnover rates or experience adverse business conditions, all of which are considered to be the external influence. The third factor is the business objectives. New trends within a corporation like the culture change, diversification, up-skilling, and others require new workers to meet the strategic goals. Finally, the fourth factor is the business operations. Not all jobs are routine, for instance, and new projects require unique teams of workers to be hired each time. Production peaks also call for an additional workforce. Events like restructuring or expansion imply the new employees have to be found. Diversity One of the latest trends in the HR practice of the last several decades is the strive for diversity. This concept underlines the importance of hiring different people from the pool of candidates instead of forcing them to fit into the existing framework of a company. Diversity has several vital benefits for businesses. The modern age of globalization requires a deep understanding of communication in a multicultural environment. Diversity can help to manage better the situations in international business and increase the knowledge of operating in different cultures. Motivation is another factor affected by diversity. Employees can focus more on their work instead of making efforts to fit into the community. Besides, it allows the development of commitment and culture where everyone would feel valued, resulting in better productivity and an increase in the satisfaction level. Finally, the customer focus could also have benefited from diversity, as people with different b
This political pamphlet was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The two German philosophers published it for the first time during the upsurge of revolutions in 1848. Several countries have used this pamphlet to develop their leadership structures. The authors gave their analytical viewpoint on the challenges of capitalism and discrimination based on one’s social class. They voiced their discontent with the capitalist mode of production instead of focusing on the possibilities of adapting a political theory that will favor collectivism in a classless society. Marx presents his own theories that explain various disconnections in the society characterized by capitalist ideologies. In addition, he explains the way societies can switch from capitalism to communism. In the third chapter of the manuscript, Marx examines the thoughts expressed about the communist theory. At the time when this document was written, most countries thrived in a deep-rooted culture of capitalism. For example, Marx is very critical of the economic system applied by countries such as the United States of America, which advocated for state ownership of resources. He examines the troubles of workers in the country who had to endure policies that denied them their rights. Slavery resulted in the creation of social classes, whereby colonial masters always looked down upon their servants. According to Marx, there were two categories of social classes, namely bourgeois and proletariats. Bourgeois was the individuals who owned property, while proletariats were people in the working class. Bourgeois always exploited people in the working class because they provided cheap labor for their industries. They forced worker
In the present day, people’s attitude to religion may be regarded as highly controversial. In her work, Karen Armstrong examines the modern concept of God introducing the term Homo Religiosus . Similar to Homo Erectus who had unique peculiarities in comparison with its ancestors, Homo Religiosus develop its own perception of religion. In the modern global society, religion still plays a significant role in human life, however, it is strongly connected with culture, social development, and creativity rather than limitations and taboos. In the 1960s, despite the fact that young Americans stopped visiting church, they practiced oriental meditative techniques as they invariably demanded the spiritual way of life (Armstrong 3). The rise of the fundamentalism at the end of the 1970s demonstrated people’s desire “to see religion more clearly reflected in public life” (Armstrong 4). However, this movement is not conservative and orthodox; fundamentalists believe that modernized economies of developed countries promote the conditions of equity and justice valued by religion more effectively than partially modernized societies (Armstrong 6). Terrorist acts that are supposed to be determined by religious aspects practically have political underlying reasons. In turn, even science and logic are inseparable from aesthetic vision, intuition, and faith (Armstrong 14). Moreover, rejected by atheists, the religion practiced on a daily basis developed altruism and “elevated human life to the realm of holiness and gave practitioners intimations of transcendence” (Armstrong 13). From a personal perspective, from the author’s arguments, readers should understand that religion is a significant part of human history and it has a considerable impact on every person’s life at all events. At the same time, people’s attitude to religion, God, dogmas, and tradition is subsequently developing, and religion may be served as a source of knowledge, creativity, and psychological help. That is why the position of radical atheism cannot be regarded as indisputably reasonable. Work Cited Armstrong, Karen. “The Case for God; Homo Religiosus.” 2009. Web.
Introduction On this planet, there are billions of people and hundreds of nations with their own traditions, religions and beliefs. In order to try to live in peace and harmony, people decided to divide actions into legal and illegal and created laws and rules. Still, there are some individuals who do not care about rules, do what they want and are not afraid of breaking the law. Sometimes, their actions are harmless to other people, which poses a question of whether they should remain illegal or not. Those actions that do not pose any danger to a certain society or the whole world may go through the normalisation process and become accepted as normal. It may happen in certain countries or all over the world. Nowadays, the drug problem is one of those that are going through the normalisation process. The purpose of this paper is to critically discuss the ways in which normalisation theory explains how social trends shape the social control of drugs. Normalisation Process Theory Social normalisation is the process by which behaviour and ideas that may go beyond social norms and hence are not accepted by society are becoming normal. The normalisation concept is described in Michel Foucault’s book Discipline and Punishment , where he writes about disciplinary authority. According to Foucault (2019), normalisation, among other things, is about constructing an idealised form of behaviour and then rewarding or punishing those individuals who conform or deviate from this form. For instance, normalisation defines how an ideal soldier should march, stand, speak and hold a weapon. Foucault (2019) believed that to ensure maximum social control with minimal expenditure of force, there are many tactics, and normalisation is one of them. He called it disciplinary authority; it appeared during the 19th century and was widely used in hospitals, military barracks, schools, shelters, offices and factories. Therefore, it became an essential aspect of modern societies’ social structure. However, normalisation is not only for constructing an idealised norm of behaviour but also for uniting people. There are many behavioural attitudes that are considered reasonable by the society. For example, grieving for a loved one, working and earning money, avoiding danger, getting married and having children and not being a terrorist. Nowadays, the world is changing rapidly and continuously, and the situation in which a person is at the moment may be easily changed by many things. It is believed that human behaviour may be influenced by various factors like past experience, mental strength, environment, other people and the media and physical strength (Berdayes and Murphy, 2015). Usually, one is able to decide what things to to allow to influence him or her. These decisions determine whether this person is capable of making rational decisions or not (Tazzyman et al. , 2019). Many people cannot see the effects and consequences of their actions after they let something influence them and their decisions. As it was said above, the world changes, s
This essay is a summary of an article titled Using Financial Accounting Information to Your Advantage by Nuirmer who has written several articles on various topics. As the article title states, the article is basically about the importance of financial accounting information and how it can be used to improve businesses (Articlesbase.com). As per the author, financial data is the language of all businesses which means that for any business to be successful, it should heavily rely on its financial information systems, which must be properly recorded and filed. The author goes on to state that relying on financial data is not enough. He states that there is a need to have a place for seasoned accountants and financial analysts who are experienced enough on accounting issues (Articlesbase.com). These seasoned accountants or financial advisors are the ones who study, analyze, interpret and make recommendations on how the data should be applied to the businesses to increase outputs. The recommendations may sometimes require some adjustments in some or all the organizational departments, especially for the maximization of the resources and the minimization of the costs and expenditures (Articlesbase.com). The author cautions on the correctness of the financial data by saying that before any financial data is analyzed and applied in business, there is a need to check and verify its correctness. This ensures that any decisions which are made are based on correct, valid and relevant financial information; otherwise, it can be very disastrous for every business to rely on incorrect information because it can lead to irreparable damages to the business (Articlesbase.com). Correct financial information is also very crucial for every company because it is the one which is used by investors and shareholders in making their decisions on whether to invest in some firm or not. If a company has correct and well-documented financial statements, investors and shareholders tend to have a lot of confidence in it and invest a lot of their money, thus, making the business thrive. If the financial statements are inaccurate and poorly documented, investors’ confidence is usually low, and may even scare them away from investing in the company (Articlesbase.com). However, all business people must bear in mind that taking advantage of financial information comes with a cost. The cost is that they must be willing and ready to offer very attractive packages to accountants so that they can get the best products in the market. For a business to be admired in the market, especially in the current business environment where stiff competitions are the normal course of the day, it must therefore have in place well-known accountants who also provide insights to the business on how to make it as competitive as possible apart from doing the normal accounting for the business (Articlesbase.com). As a 101 accounting student, my personal opinion about the article is that it is very informati
Preschool is the onset of development where a child is trying to familiarize her or himself with the surrounding environment. Preschool children are fall in the category of those between three and five years. At this age, simplicity and interaction with others are very essential because the child familiarizes her or himself with that which he or she can see or touch. Therefore, it is unlikely that a teacher will ask a child to write a composition at this stage. The goal of enhancing language acquisition at this level is to “promote complex verbal reasoning, escalating the use of decontextualized language, and developing personal narrative skills” (Arizona State University, n.d.). Strategies and Methods Developing activities directed at developing problem solving skills Language development should entail instilling problem solving skills in children so that they become open-minded. In so doing, children will be able to come up with impeccable ways of settling down disputes. Problem solving activities include those which help to develop language and communication skills, which are useful in pacifying an argument(s). As a result, the child is able to develop different special forms of language applicable in different specific situations. For example, the language adopted in comical events is different from that which is used in formal events. Story-telling and plays These activities are very enjoyable and interesting to children. As a result of the innate interest of these activities, by the children, language learning becomes an easy task. Storytelling and role plays promote the use of multiple sensory organs in language learning and language acquisition. This is because the child uses her or his hearing to listen, and eyes to see the pictures that are usually alongside the stories. For example, when a teacher is reading a story out loud to the children using high or low pitched voices to depict mood, a child is able to visualize and capture the use of language as the story unfolds. When children use multiple sensory organs during learning, their apprehension ability is increased (Otto, 2009). Engagement in conversations Encouraging children to converse amongst themselves builds their social skills as well as their ability to employ language in expressing their thoughts and ideas. Such conversations are evident during role play when more than one character is involved, since social interaction is evident. Repetition Some words are frequently used thus; a child will learn these words first. Words like mama or papa are globally used, and are the first words that a child will utter as the initial step towards language development. This is because they are repeatedly uttered to a child as ‘mama’ and ‘papa’ are the ones closest to a child at the time. Repetition is associated with better comprehension of the spoken words. Positive Remarks The reactions by other human beings to children’s actions have a significant effect on the subsequent attempts by the child to learn. Positive rema
Tyco International LTD is a company that offers fire protection and security services to members of the public. Some of the security services that the company is well known for include burglar alarms, fire detection device installations, access control to premises and departments and tracing of stolen assets. The managers and leaders have ensured a good organizational culture despite some irregularities that occurred sometime back. Organization Failure Overview Business failure is at times inevitable. Tyco International limited is not an exception. The practices and business operations of any organization are directly connected to the way the employees behave in an organization. Quite several theories can help organizations in ensuring that the business is not shaken. According to Yulk (2006), there are myriads of business risks and vulnerabilities that the management of organizations should address. Predictive Organizational Behavior Theories Social psychology is an aspect that evaluates how a human being can influence another one. This deals with the attitudes, power, how team players relate and communicate within the group and how conflicts that arise in a team are resolved by the end of the day. Psychology is an aspect that analyzes how human behavior is likely to change and why, how the change in behavior affects their ability to learn, how they react on different issues, management and leadership and the way decisions are made in the entire organization. Anthropology helps people in the organization to understand the reason why people have different thoughts, ideas, and attitudes and why they may behave differently in similar circumstances. This is because it is the study of the human being and why people behave the way they do. According to the Department of Justice (2012), the performance of employees in the organizations is a keen indicator to either success or failure of the entire business. Hence, managers should work to optimize all these aspects of organizational behavior to ensure a successful business. Leadership and Organizational Structure Contribution Tyco International Ltd was faced with a legal problem that brought the entire business several steps backward. It had worked behind closed doors with a similar company and went against the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act laws. It was consequently taken to court. This affected the business because it was forced to pay a total amount of twenty-six million dollars to cover for the violation and be set free to continue with the business. This amount was set aside for the huge amount of work ahead. This implied that the planned project was deemed to fail. Another fourteen million dollars was paid for cases related to faking their business books. According to the falsified books, the
Introduction I am a casual fine art enthusiast like majority of the people and I highly appreciate majority of the art movements such as the modernized impressionism, cubism or surrealism. There is a mystery behind minimalism, which I fail to understand. Minimalism is a unique type of art that one can easily fail to understand and be pleased. It is a presentation made of simple arcs or shapes arranged in series to form a pattern may be overwhelming but an unbearable collection, if one is not able to find content that they can positively receive. This paper wills try to analyze minimalism in the aim of finding meaning and probable appreciation. Definition of Minimalism From a personal point of view as an art professional learner, the definition of minimalism in art has basis on the “Less is more” concept. In most cases, this notion lacks applicability because unlike all the common art forms such as sculptures, paintings or drawings, an artist has the freedom to use only the basic shapes such as the geometric shapes or elements of art. Common minimalism involves sculptural figures that have been reduced to structures made, drawn or painted from basic geometrical shapes (Obendorf, 2009, p.310). Through my personal interest to learn more about minimalism, I found some sense in the work and appreciated common and favourite artists of the style such as Dan Flavin, Richard Serra and Donald Judd. Concept of Minimalism Artwork According to Meyer (2010, p.18), In order to appreciate minimalists’ artwork such as Dan Flavin’s collection, there is need to remain open-minded and accept any new ideas which might meet the requirements as art. From a personal point of view, very few people are able to have such kind of reaction over fine artwork. Critical analysis of specific objects or shapes in a collection is also very important (Meyer, 2010, p.18). Most up-coming art professionals, artwork admirers and those pleased about ge