Introduction Originally, social and gender relations of the Pharaonic Egypt are studied by various historical documents and evidences, while the real model of relations may be traced in literature and mythology. It is doubtless, that the original situation was shown in fiction by ancient authors of the myths, as all the events, associated with gods, wonders and adventures were shown on the background of the Egyptian society, as it could be observed. The aim of this paper is to analyze The Instructions of Ptah-hotep, and describe the key features of social and gender relations, which may be traced in the text of this writing. Originally, Ptahhotep, was a vizier under King Isesi of the Egyptian Fifth Dynasty (c. 2414-2375 BC), so, the witnesses, which he offers, are trustworthy. Wellbeing within the Society Originally, the ancient society was featured with the extensive gap between the riches and poor people, as the rich often tend to become richer, and poor people become even poorer. Moreover, the development of slavery made the situation within the society even more aggravated, as dissatisfaction grew, and the ruling dynasty could do nothing, or did not wish to do anything. The words by Ptahhotep: O King, my lord! Age is here old age arrived. Feebleness came, weakness grows, Childlike one sleeps all day. Eyes are dim, ears deaf, Strength is waning through weariness, The mouth, silenced, speaks not, The Heart, void, recalls not the past, The bones ache throughout. Good has become evil, all taste is gone, What age does to people is evil in everything. The nose, clogged, breathes not, Painful are standing and sitting. (p. 29) The world becomes colorless, and money makes people evil and heartless, while the others suffer from this disparity. In the light of this fact, there is strong necessity to mention that the original situation within the Egyptian society may be regarded even more awful, than Ptahhotep describes it, as the real sorrows of the poor people could not be realized fully by the top of the society. Marriage and Gender Relations As for the matters of relations between men and women, it should be stated that originally, marriage, as the culmination point of gender relations, was regarded as a private matter. The household keeping and bearing, as well as growing up children were considered to be the main aims of these relations. The fact is that, it is not pictured directly and openly in the Instructions of Ptah-Hotep, nevertheless, he claims that men respected their wives: If you take a wife a spnt Who is joyful and known by her town, If she is fickle and likes the moment, Do not reject her, let her eat, The joyful brings happiness. (p. 34) Moreover, it should be emphasized that Marriage did not require any sanction of the governmental authorities. Social relations As for the matters of social relations, there is strong necessity to mention that impossible to make precise estimations of these relations in accordance with the instructions, given by Ptah-Hotep, nevertheless, there are numerous recommendations and prescriptions, which may be used as the key factors for defining the social values and tendencies. Originally, the Egyptian society was featured wi