ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Humidex has a long history. It originated from Canada in 1965. Canadian meteorologists use it to analyze risks associated with exposure to heat and excessive moisture [1]. They achieve this by bringing together temperature and humidity indices. Compared to temperature readings, humidex is regarded as a better measure of how stifling or stuffy the air feels [2]. It is reported as a value. It is not a temperature reading. The reason is that it is just an expression of individual experiences. It is an equivalent scale used by the general public to express the effects of warm temperatures and humidity [3]. It is similar to the wind chill index. The tool determines levels of cold. However, humidex describes how hot people feel. Environmental organizations favor the humidex ratings. They use them to predict instances of unbearable heat and humidity. According to the Meteorological Service of Canada, a humidex range of 20-29 is regarded as comfortable. Discomfort sets in from 30 to 45 [3]. Any value above 45 is regarded as extremely dangerous. Anyone exposed to such conditions may suffer heat stroke. However, it is noted that the relationship between the two concepts is not objective. The reason is that it varies widely between individuals [4]. Calculating humidex There are two common methods used in calculating this value. The first is humidex computation formula. The second is humidex chart. Humidex computation formula The formula was introduced by researchers at Canada’s Atmospheric Environment Service in 1979 [3]. It is used as a standard in Canada. However, varying versions of the formula are used in different parts of the world. The humidex formula is given below: Source: [1] The dew point temperature is given in Kelvins. Another value used is 5417.7530. It is a constant. It expresses the weight of water molecules. Other constants include latent heat of vaporization and universal gas [3]. The highest humidex value in Canada was recorded in 1961. It stood at 53.4 [5]. Calculating humidex using a chart The use of a chart is not common. However, it is the most effective method for people with little or no knowledge on the use of the computation formula [2]. The level of humidex is determined by checking the value of current temperature against relative humidity [see appendix 1]. For instance, if the temperature is 30 o c and relative humidity 70%, then Humidex rating will be 42 [6]. A critique of the humidex index Many environmentalists have criticized the use of the index in such countries as Canada. The critics acknowledge the importance of other indices that illustrate the cold and windy conditions in the country [7]. They argue that even countries with higher humidity and heat levels than Canada do not use the humidex index [1]. According to them, the index was only developed to create excitement. They compare it to the discovery of the wind-chill index [4]. Some scientists also argue that creating a formula that quantifies feelings is unscientific [1]. According to them, feelings vary from one person
Specify the key turning points when van der Sloot began his descent into deviant behavior. Next, determine whether or not you believe “sexual deviant” is an accurate label for van der Sloot. Support your position. As it appears from the article, Joran Van der Sloot began to descend into deviant behavior ever since his family moved to Aruba in 2003. The validity of this suggestion can be shown, regarding the article’s lines that imply it was namely in the aftermath of der Sloots’ relocation that Joran became addicted to gambling and drinking alcohol. This development was bound to end on a sad note sooner or later because there were no objective reasons for the young man to consider parting away with the mentioned addictions, on his part. As it can be inferred from the article’s context, Joran’s parents used to allow their son to do just about anything he wanted to – something that contributed rather substantially towards turning him into a criminal. It is quite clear that Joran is a socially dangerous individual – the deaths of Natalee Holloway and Stephany Ramirez at his hands remove any doubts in this respect. At the same time, however, there is simply not enough evidence that would allow us to assume beyond any reasonable doubt that Joran’s crimes are reflective of him having been a sexually deviant individual in one way or another. After all, Natalee’s body has never been found. Therefore, it cannot be ascertained whether her death had anything to do with the act of sexual intercourse, which according to Joran had taken place between him and the girl. The same applies to Ramirez’s death – it is most likely that Joran killed her in a fit of rage. Debate whether or not the privilege of van der Sloot’s birth allowed a murderer to walk among everyday citizens. Justify your response. The article’s context implies that the social circumstances of Joran’s upbringing did contribute rather substantially towards setting him on the path of deviance. Specifically, the fact that his father held one of the Aruba’s highest governmental offices endowed Joran with the sense of ‘entitlement’ while making him believe that he is exempted from the law, at least in the de facto sense of this word. In its turn, this increased the intensity of his dominance-seeking anxieties – hence, naturally causing Joran to derive sadistic pleasure from victimizing young women. In fact, Joran’s case appears quite symptomatic. The reason for this is that, as practice shows, one’s status as the representative of the social elite estab
Red Clover Band Executive summary This marketing plan illustrates the strategies that Red Clover will adopt in an effort to gain competitive advantage in the US music entertainment industry. The band intends to position itself as a unique entity by offering incomparable lyrics that touch both the young and old generations. However, the band will mainly target youths due to their increased appreciation of country and country rock music genres. In order to attract and retain contemporary music fans, Red Clover will incorporate aggressive marketing campaign by investing in integrated marketing communication. The band will utilize public relations, advertising, sales promotion, and direct marketing. In an effort to create adequate market awareness, the band will utilize conventional and emerging marketing communication mediums such as print media, television, radio, and web-based mediums such as social networks. The band will focus on attracting a large number of customers by developing an extensive understanding of the customers’ needs. Furthermore, it also illustrates the band’s financial projections. Business description Red Clover Band is one of the well-established bands in the United States. The band is composed of four music powerhouses who include, Maggie Dame, Chris Dame, Pat Hibbard, and Colin Kris. The band was established in 2009 and it is mainly based at Green Bay, Wisconsin. In addition, the band organizes live events and tours in different parts of the world in order to interact and bond with its fans. Moreover, the band records and markets its music in an effort to entertain a large number of music fans ( Red Clover 2014). Product description The quality of a product or service is critical in attaining competitive advantage. Therefore, marketing managers have the responsibility of ensuring that the product or service being offered to customers is designed effectively (Doole & Lowe 2008). Red Clover Music Band focuses on offering customers quality country-rock music through effective composition
Introduction Terrorism has emerged as the most serious threat to international security in the 21st century. Acts of terrorism have the potential to devastate the society as was demonstrated during the horrific events of September 11, 2011. Over the past decade, terrorists have shown great motivation to cause disruptions in society by carrying out attacks against the civilian population. Traditionally, terrorists have made use of conventional weapons to carry out their attacks. However, fears exist that they might get hold of biological weapons and successfully carry out a bioterrorist attack. In the event that a bioterrorism attack was to take place, health care providers would serve as the first line of defense for the public. Being close to the attacks puts the healthcare workers at increased risk of being infected by the bio agents used for the attack. This paper will set out to define bioterrorism and how it relates to the field of healthcare with emphasis on the role that nurses can play in dealing with bioterrorism attacks. Define Bioterrorism Terrorism is defined as violence carried out against civilian targets by non-state actors whose actions are prompted by political reasons. Bioterrorism is terrorism that makes use of biological agents such as viruses and bacteria as the weapons for perpetrating the attack on people (Jansen, Breeveld, Stijnis & Grobusch, 2014). For centuries, the impact of contagious disease and other biological weapons has been recognized by military leaders. In modern times, the international community recognizes that bioterrorism attacks could result in large-scale, life-threatening epidemics. While the threat of bioterrorism is remote compared to conventional terrorism, there has been an observable trend in the rise of bioterrorism attacks over the decades. Greub and Grobusch (2014) report that while only 10 events were reported between 1900 and 1970, 170 events were recorded between 1970 and 1999. These points to an increase in the prevalence of bioterrorism in the world. Types of Terrorism Terrorists can use a wide array of biological weapons. Bacteria can be grown in a laboratory and disseminated to the population. One bacterial agent used by terrorists to create casualties and terror in the society is Anthrax. Jansen, et al. (2014) reveals that in 2001, terrorists sent packages with anthrax power in an attempt to create damage and terror in the US. Viral agents can also be used to perpetuate bioterrorism. Deadly viruses such as the Ebola virus and the Marburg virus can be produced in large quantities and dispersed to the population. These viruses have the potential to devastate the affected population. The Ebola virus causes the internal organ of victims to fail leading to death. Terrorists can also make use of pathogens to perpetrate biological attacks on civilian populations. Clover (2002) defines pathogens as any agent that can cause illness and disease to humans or animals. Another category o
Mental health has been the forefront issue recently, especially after the onset of the global pandemic. As non-physical health issues are becoming more accepted around the world, health authorities and governments strive to bring forward plans that will minimize the risks for all affected, directly or not. Activists all over the world are fighting for safe spaces for people of all ethnicities, genders, religious affiliations, and so on to feel comfortable discussing their mental states. Similar to other spheres, those with mental illnesses from the lower socio-economic class are likely to have less access to the necessary resources. According to Schrick, diagnosing mental illness remains a difficult task that does not provide black-and-white answers. Furthermore, those suffering from such issues are often still met with the stigma of insanity or weakness, depending on the cultural outlook on mental health issues (Austin, 2014). Although mental disorders have one of the most damaging impacts on role functioning, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as quoted by Austin (2014), they are often disregarded. However, it is difficult to imagine the U.S. taking nationwide action on mental health due to the absence of healthcare for physical health, which is widely accepted as a serious issue. Hence action must be taken to overcome the stigma. Due to the prevalence of freedom of choice as one of the American values, implementations of such caliber are difficult to get approval for. However, various scholars and health professionals suggest personal interventions such as getting treatment, avoiding the temptation to self-isolate, and speaking out against the stigma (“Mental health: Overcoming the stigma of mental illness,” 2017). Bringing awareness to the issues of mental health and increasing the validity of the such type of disease in the eyes of the public is helpful to the individuals struggling, as well as to the community as a whole. Reference Austin, Michael J. (2014). Social Justice and Social Work: Rediscovering a Core Value of the Profession. Web. Mental health: Overcoming the stigma of mental illness. (2017). MayoClinic. Web.
The Souls of Black Folk is an early twentieth century book authored by William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868-1963) which had an influential impact on African American intellectual life. The novel, which is a compilation of fourteen prose pieces, responds to the Emancipation Proclamation set by Abraham Lincoln to deliver the blacks from the yoke of slavery. In the novel, Du Bois addresses the movements and struggles of the entire black population in the twentieth century. Du Bois gives an evaluation of the advancement of the African Americans, the hindrances to that advancement, and the opportunities for future advancement as the U.S. entered the twentieth century. The novel can be conveniently separated into three different sections. The first section consists of chapters one to three, which have a distinctively historical perspective. Chapters four to nine portray a sociological point of view. Lastly, chapters ten to fourteen express the author’s efforts to capture the spiritual meanings of the black culture. This complete seminal work endeavors to look into the black American mind while maintaining the message in the title of the novel. The implication of the title is evident in the early pages of the book. In the book, Du Bois depicts the condition of the blacks as separated from the whites. However, this separation from the repressive white culture is only by means of a metaphorical veil, which produced the effects of double-consciousness. This implies that even though they were separated from the whites, the blacks were compelled to view themselves through the eyes of the whites as well as their own. In this sense, an African American always felt his or her twoness. This twoness included being an American and a Negro at the same time, having two souls or two imaginations, or two differing opinions in one dark body (Du Bois, 4). The Souls of the Black Folks played a pivotal role during the Harlem Renaissance. The book achieved this by providing guidance and motivation to the talented young African Americans who were the vehicles for change during this period (Young, 96). During the Harlem Renaissance, much progress was made in the community of African Americans. One such advancement was the privilege that the African Americans had of getting education, regardless of the fact that there were inadequate resources in most black schools. Most blacks made the most out of this opportunity. During this period, changes in the political climate of the U.S. enabled the blacks to fight for their rights. In supporting black higher education, Du Bois criticized Booker T. Washington’s vocational education system by asserting that the system was too economical. Moreover, he argued that it would not provide the blacks with the opportunities to develop. Souls also call on the blacks to fight for their fundamental political privileges such as pursuing
Introduction About the work The problem of stowaways has been around for years. In some states, it has been ignored, some address it rather roughly by fines and other penalties. The TSA (Transportation Security Administration) decided to approach the problem by identifying the possible stowaways. In their article, the NY Times Editorial Board members evaluate the losses that the research failure has triggered. Background information The number of passengers avoiding paying for the ride has increased in the U.S. recently. In order to avoid further losses, the TSA has launched a research project. It was suggested that a behavioral study of the passengers could help solve the problem of stowaways. Thesis statement Despite lacking in details about the research that was carried out, the paper still offers a very strong and reasonable judgement about the research results. Summary Main point The authors of the article argue that the approach towards preventing people taking free public transport rides is completely nonsensical, and that there was no way for it to end successfully. According to the editorial, the “multiyear experiment in behavior detection” (Behavior detection isn’t paying off, 2014, April 6, para. 1) has only confirmed the TSA’s “reputation for wastefulness” (Behavior detection isn’t paying off, 2014, April 6, para. 1). Support for the “takeaway” The article provides rather scanty, yet very convincing evidence of the state authorities’ failure to conduct the experiment successfully: according to the article, about $1 billion was spent on the research, with no evident results (Behavior detection isn’t paying off, 2014, April 6, para. 1). Interpretation Logic and organization The organization and coherence of the article is quite acceptable. The information in editorial flows quite naturally and is arranged properly. The authors start with a “clinger” by claiming that the TSA has proved its “wastefulness,” explain the issue and provide their commentaries on the problem. Fallacies The article layout is very clear and the author gets their point across in a very convincing manner. It does not have any tangible logical fallacy, either. Perhaps, the fact that a research on 200 cases was used to prove a universal point can be considered a fallacy: “One survey of more than 200 studies” (Behavior detection isn’t paying off, 2014, April 6, para. 3). Therefore, the editorial may have an argument of personal incredulity (Bennett, 2013, p. 93). Accuracy The article is accurate enough. It provides exact numbers and verified data. Thus, it can be assumed that the authors of the editorial are doing a rather good job of representing the dilemmas that the people employed in the U.S. transportation system services have to deal with on a regular basis. Topic treatment The discussion in the editorial is restricted to the topic. However, at some point, the authors switch to discussing the efficacy of the GAO (Government Accountability Office). Nevertheless, for the most part, the discussion revolves around the TSA. Audienc
Objectives of the Training The first objective is to develop elaborate training that will balance work duties and social life. Many managers are now aware that their employees cannot manage their personal home-life, and work-life. This leads to the deterioration of the work output in the assigned duties. The training institutions give their studies basing on adult learning. The trainers understand the challenges facing adult learning and hence accommodate adults in their classes. Adults also require real-life practical examples in which they get from these training classes (Deery, 2008). The second objective is to develop training strategies and assessments that will achieve the goals and objectives of the employees’ organizations. The development of training institutions results in working hand-in-hand with their clients. Successful training institutions constantly interact with their students. The clients of these training institutions are companies or government parastatals. The managers of these companies and parastatals request training vacancies for their newly recruited employees. The training institutions need to know the goals and objectives of the clients so that they can offer effective training in line with these goals. The third objective is to develop significant training programs that will enable employees to be creative, innovative, and competent in their duties. Employers are looking for critical thinkers who can solve complex problems in the organization. Employers want personnel who can solve problems, develop options, and implement solutions. The training institutions look at these requirements and develop programs that will help instill these sk
The motivating factor behind any person’s spiritual journey is the hunt for truth, self-understanding and the need for one to partake in the final condition of paradise and peace. The knowledge and understanding about life, God and truth are the major questions that linger in the life of any person. It is until one gets these answers that he or she receives the peace of mind that man always searches for. People usually have many questions about their existence, nature as well as the cause of all their happenings within their life. Generally, the search for such answers triggers ones spiritual journey, which is normally within the confines of a certain religion. It is for the same cause that Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, left his family and riches. Although the teachings he had received from
Executive Summary Dri-Diamonds solution Inc is a Broad Band Internet Provider (BBIP) based in Dearborn, Delaware. The company offers the following range of services to its clients;   * Web design, hosting and maintenance   * High speed broad band internet services   * Asymmetrical digital subscriber Line (ADSL)   * Network design   * Server setup and maintenance Dry diamond is purpose driven company targeting SOHO (Small Office-Home Office) in provision of reliable internet and network services. The company has formed alliances with major players in related industries to ensure that clients get the best services at a competitive price. The company is continuously strategizing so as to remain relevant in the ever changing market. Other internet services provider based in Dearborn and the larger Delaware are a source of competitive threats. These companies include Atlantic.Net, Crawl.Net and Mogtel. To remain competitive, Dri-Diamond have designed products to targeting Linux Operating system user who have for long time been ignored by our competitors whose products target Windows Operating System users. Dri-Diamond Inc boost of world class management team who have exceptional knowledge of the Internets service industry, have a vast reserve of experience and exceptional skills in administration. The team includes the three main principals at the helm of the company; Mr. Ezekiel McPeak, Mr. Stephen Williams and Mrs. Martina Joseph. Dri-Diamond projected revenue for fiscal year 2007 through to 2008 is $ 14 million. Currently, the company is seeking an investment of $3.5 million to enable it do the following:   * Hire more personnel in sales and technical departments.   * Undertake research in new products developments   * Expand our operation to two additional cities with Delaware, that’s Flint and Troy city. Services Dri-Diamond provides high speed broad band internet service to 77 small business and 43 homes within Dearborn city, Delaware. The company currently manages 12 servers serving 2 local universities, 3 colleges and 2 companies.Dri-Diamond hosts’ 44 websites in its remote servers located in Long Island, New York. All the listed services are very competitive to small office/home office. the biggest segment of our clients are Linux user who have been neglected for a long time by other ISP companies mainly because they don’t have up to date knowledge of the Linux Operating system. Dri-Diamond marketing team take time to understand the specific need of individual client before any services is provided or before the contract is drawn. Most of our services are tailor-made to meet our client’s diverse needs. The company take time to train the customer on the products features and operation to make sure that the customer will not get stuck when he or she need to access the internet, log on to the Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Net network (WAN). By so doing, the customer feels that he or she is part of the company and this change the way customer perceive Dri-Diamond in rel