ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Transgender diversity has strongly integrated into the scientific community due to the life- implementation opportunities it provides for scientists. Natural sciences representations have adopted the new trend since it helps better describe the world realities based on fundamental studies. At the same time, from application sciences perspective, transgender studies disclose many possibilities to realize the humans’ potential in the surgery operations domain and overall people’s curing approaches. Even though natural and applied sciences have fundamentally different objectives, they are both interested in analyzing transgender diversity issues in U.S. society with regard to their specialization. In fact, recent studies demonstrate a dearth of research on how transsexual identity affects behavior and, particularly, the sexual response of another partner. These findings belong to the natural sciences since they tend to describe the world but not develop new elements. More specifically, Raines et al. state that because the sexual reactions of the majority of men and women to pornographic movies depicting men or women are significantly different, we utilized these sexual responses to determine if a person acts in a male-typical or female-typical manner (2021). Consequently, the transgender human analyses have proved the significance of the trans-diversity issue from a biological standpoint. At the end of the studies, authors realized that while transgender males had some female-typical reactions consistent with their feminine birth sex, individuals also demonstrated strong male-typical reactions consistent with their male sex identification. Thus, physiological sexual attraction partially indicates transgender men’s masculine identity for transsexual males (Raines et al., 2021). Even though it is not always evident, but natural sciences are directly interested in developing transgender life in the given boundaries since it provides the exact evidence for many scientific questions that could not be analyzed before. From the perspective of applied science, transgender diversity problems represent possibilities in the new theories and practices development, especially in medicine. For instance, one study recognized that plastic surgeons had discovered that, indeed, slight surgical modifications might significantly enhance the self-esteem and functionality of transgender representatives (Canner et al., 2018). While these surgeries usually include penile or neovaginal reconstruction, the techniques’ surgical results remain unknown. Additionally, the author state that “only 20% to 40% of transgender individuals seek gender-affirming surgery,” and these numbers are based on questionnaires of a representative sample of transgender people, which considerably limits their generalizability (Canner et al., 2018). As a result, the transgender issue might be even the most perspective field of study for applied sciences representatives since the current situation does not demonstrate even half of the possible surgery market size. Simultaneously, the bigger scale with the higher prices would positively affect the
Introduction A critical aspect of human resource management is that how employees are managed in an institution contributes to its growth and success. Studies in human resource management show that there are a myriad of human resource practices that enhance employee performance. The practices are popularly known as high-performance working practices (Baird 2002). The core argument for these practices is that an organisation can attain sustainable growth by upholding a culture that promotes employee empowerment. There is no single procedure that supports high performance in the organisation; instead, it comes as a result of a combination of different practices. This paper will focus on high-performance working practices and their relationship to organisational performance, employee wellbeing and competitive advantage. Conceptual frameworks High-performance working practices are established under three concepts, which are mostly known as ‘bundles’ of practices. The three concepts are “human resource practices, high employee involvement practices and reward and commitment practices” (Boxall & Purcell 2008, p. 74). Employee participation is significant to organisational growth. An organisation that does not invest in employee growth and development is doomed. Therefore, one of the conceptual frameworks of high-performance working practices is employee involvement. Institutions come up with a high-performance working system that promotes employee empowerment. The system establishes self-guided teams, which can make decisions on matters affecting the organisation. This encourages creativity and commitment among the employees, therefore, enhancing efficiency (Boxall & Purcell 2008). Besides, the concept of high employee involvement encourages information sharing within the company and breaks bureaucracy. Therefore, an organisation can make quick and timely decisions without having to follow a long chain of command. The second framework under which high-performance working (HPW) practices are established is human resource practices. Under this framework, HPW practices are set up in a comportment that encourages employee mentoring. The growth of any company depends on employee creativity and innovation (Boxall 2003). As a result, high-performance working practices promote research and development within the organisation and heavily invest in employee development. Human resource practices involve employee appraisal and recruitment processes. The concept of employee practice insists on the use of modern recruitment methods. The hiring process ought to be conducted in such a way that the organization hires the best staff (Boxall 2003). What’s more, an organisation requires having an employee appraisal strategy that retains and motivates employees. Employee reward and promotion encourage commitment. Every employee feels honoured and secure whenever his or her contribution is acknowledged. Further, givin
The investigational question tackled in this document is about whether religious convictions facilitate valuable behaviors and whether these helpful behaviors have a wide significance on a variety of individuals in society. The question being addressed is determining any relationship between religion and the social aspect among a group of people living at a certain place. These questions are not conversely meaningless. They have an important role as those spiritual feelings that have been provoked through experimentation, lessen the deceitful thoughts and in turn boost to higher levels the philanthropic behaviors, for instance, unselfishness, charity, generosity, good-heartedness as well as benevolent characters among unidentified foreigners. This can generally be termed humanitarianism. The religious behavior which at large acts as an indisputable commitment promotes cooperation, togetherness, and conviction. Vast societies which have victoriously established cooperative standards are likely to show trust in decently troubled gods who scrutinize human beings’ interaction. Religious thoughts facilitate interactions among individuals even when they are unknown to each other (Norenzayan, 2008, p.4). Nevertheless, some special research was carried out before these questions were answered. University students were first allocated a task where they were nonchalantly told that a ghost of a fellow dead student had been noticed inside the investigational room. Resentful cases were less on a manipulated computer mission. In another theoretical study, perceptions about the impermanent, cataleptic establishment of god lowered the cases of cheating. Children were also instructed not to look into a box with which they were left in a room. Few who knew the presence of a supernatural being watching over them didn’t look. The two investigations carried out proved that religious beliefs promote cooperation among large groups of people furthermore, not only reducing cases of cheating but also boosting generosity towards foreigners. This research verified a close connection between perceptible vocations of spiritual dedication and immense conviction. This is attributable to the cultural extension of religious pro-sociality. These results answered the question as the research revealed traverse cultural evidence that suggested a connection between the existence of a culture carrying divine beings and a large group of other individuals. Therefore, religious beliefs have a special impact on the interactions among persons in society with the inclusion of strangers. An experiment that takes in hand with the question of the study involves a group of students regularly advised not to steal. They are then purposely locked in a room with the presence of the teacher’s coin
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is often referred to as the “disease of the century” and is found to afflict approximately 4 million Americans, mostly those over the age of 65. It is the harshest of all incurable diseases because it hits its victim twice. First, the mind dies, slowly and irrevocably, until even the simplest tasks become insurmountable. Then, after many years, the body dies. Alzheimer’s disease is even more devastating for the families and caregivers of its victims. It is identified as “dementia of the Alzheimer’s type” in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (Handy et al, 1998). The disease is the outcome of mental deterioration occurring especially in later life and is an irreversible condition. Major characteristics include short- and long-term memory loss, impaired judgment, slovenly appearance, and poor hygiene. Depression is a mental health disorder that can affect the way a person eats, sleeps, the way he feels about himself and the way he thinks about things. It describes both a mood and a syndrome. Studies show that people afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease often suffer from depression as well. The objective of the paper is to analyze the link between Alzheimer’s disease and depression. Survey of literature Lyketsos and Lee (2004) point to the fact that over 80% of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) develop ‘non-cognitive’ neuropsychiatric symptoms at some point during the course of their illness and depression is among the most frequent of such comorbidities. According to Lyketsos, depression affects 50% of AD patients and has severe negative consequences for patients and caregivers. Lyketsos and Lee also add that depression in AD patients can be detected and quantified reliably, and can be differentiated from the other neuropsychiatric symptoms of AD. It can also be treated in several ways. Moretti et al (2002) have studied the relationship between depression and Alzheimer’s disease and explored whether depression is a symptom of AD or comorbidity. Alzheimer’s disease is a commonly occurring form of dementia which is characterized by disruptive behavioral and cognitive systems. Depression, apathy, anxiety, and other conduct disorders are the complaints most often reported in the case of patients with AD. In this study, Moretti et al gave inhibitors of cholinesterase (Donepezil, 5 mg/ day) alone, or inhibitors of cholinesterase plus selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (citalopram HBr, 20 mg/day) to fifty subjects with a diagnosis of probable AD. Results over a period of time indicated that SSRI intake seems to be effective for depression, decreasing it and improving quality of life for both patients with AD and their caregivers clearly indicating the depression is a co-morbidity with AD that can be treated as a symptom. Meltzer et al (1998) begin with an analysis of major depression in late life and Alzheimer’s disease. They
The definition of the term middle class seem to be relative from one economy to another. Its relativity vary from one country to the other country depending on the average living standard of the country. The whole concept of middle class in economic terms imply the group of persons or entities in the economy that fall between the high class and the low class, and they are characterized by being economically independence (Dobbs, 13). The middle class has less social influence and power when compared to the high class. The proportion of the middle class in the world economies vary from one country to the other depending on the level of equality that exist in respective countries and also their respective population size. The middle class stand at a position of taking the economic lead in the future compared low class. The middle class normally have a significant role in an economy compared to the high class and the low low class. Most of the persons in the middle class are involved in investments that determines the country’s productivity in the future, compared to the low class that has less Investment impact following their unsound economic state. Otherwise, the low class normally involve much in trying to satisfy their basic needs. The high class persons seem to be have reached an optimal point for doing investments in the economy, thus their is less to be expected from them in enhancing improved productivity in the economy. More consumption of goods and services is also expected among the middle class persons than in the low class. The paper is meant to compare and to contrast the reasons for the development of the middle class in India and China. It starts by first looking at the characteristics of the middle class in each country, draw some similarities in terms of the reasons of developing the middle class and then lastly provide the differences. The paper ends at providing a conclusion with regard to the general reasons for developing a middle class in some economy. China and India are both characterized as being the currently fast growing countries, with China setting a record of growing at a double digit in the last decade. The countries are also characterized by having high populations. The characteristics for their respective middle classes are provided as below; India In India, the middle class has clocked 300 million and it forms the large part of the Indian population. The middle class of this country is characterized to be comprised of individuals who are ambitious in terms of education, behavior, financial achievements and also the professional achievements. There expenditure is also estimated to be to be higher than any other social class. Reasons for developing the Indian middle class The main problem in India is the need to create a political change and also the empowerment of the community. Therefore, the development of the middle class in India is meant to change the political structure of the country and enhance a reduced number of persons who are poor. The reducing of poor persons
Introduction The mind can best be shaped to understand the world through ideas (forms) rather than material experiences and sensations. The highest type of reality is the one that is based on knowledge of forms as illustrated through the allegory of the cave. The nature of the mind and its relationship to other means of understanding the world The allegory of the cave proves that man is able to perform his day to day functions without necessarily comprehending his true reality. Within the cave, there are prisoners who have been chained throughout their lives. The prisoners cannot turn their heads and the only thing they can see is a wall. Although there are people who pass behind the prisoners through a roadway, it is never really possible to know that those are the real objects that reflect their shadows against the prisoner’s wall. Even the echo that permeates from the real people is translated as sound from the shadows. These individuals have therefore interpreted what they see or their material sensation for reality. They have not stopped to think that there could be a deeper meaning behind the shadows. In fact, even the things they identify or name are all related to what they perceive passing before them as shadows and not the actual objects. Language therefore reflects their perception of reality through the physical. Plato argues that this never really denotes the real meaning. To get to understand what is actually going around us, one needs to go beyond the physical and grasp these things with the mind because that is the only pathway to conceptualizing reality (Brians, 52). The prisoner who was set free and shown the actual sources of the shadows actually realized that he had been mistaken all along. His reliance on his senses alone was not sufficient to grasp the world around him. This prisoner had to be set free from his old perceptions in order to truly get to know what was going on around him. The same thing can be said about the process of acquisition of concepts. Physical objects often give mistaken views of what things really are. In order for one to truly grasp how the world works, it is essential for that individual to abandon the old concepts formed through materials and experiences with tangibles. Similarly, in order for the mind to truly conceptualize then it must challenge the status quo. The people in the cave are content with their circumstances. The dim fire light and their state of darkness is what they had come to know. They do not realize that there is something wrong with their existence. Because they have never been exposed to another kind of existence, they are content with the little they possess. Here, the mind has not been engaged fully and this has resulted in a less fulfilling life (Plato & Jewett, 516). When one of the prisoners had the privilege of being exposed to the light and after he saw what the sun was all about, he soon found out that their previou
When asked what the best aspect of being married was, the couple smiled at each other before giving their opinions on what they enjoyed most about their year-old marriage. According to the wife, companionship was the best part of the wedding because she used to feel very lonely before. However, she is much happier with the knowledge there is someone who will always be there for her. The husband echoed his wife’s sentiments, saying that she had been his primary source of inspiration for the brief period they have been married. The second question was about the most challenging aspects of being married, and they both acquiesced that adapting to a new lifestyle was a shared challenge. The husband narrated how he previously used to party for nights on end and the reckless bachelor lifestyle, which he had a hard time changing, even after marriage. When asked about the expectations they had about marriage, they appeared to have had different ones, with the wife saying that she expected that they would agree on everything. On the other hand, the husband had assumed that the wife would approve of all his plans, and finances would not be an issue. When they were asked if their expectations had been met. The husband felt that they were partly met, and although his wife would occasionally oppose his plans, they would discuss and eventually come up with a compromise. Finances
The bank of Canada is central or national bank. Like in Canada, almost all countries worldwide have made sure that there is an establishment of central bank to help in dealing with monetary policy. Central bank does not help in managing the financial part of the economy (Bank of Canada 96, ). The bank of Canada has several functions; issuing banking notes, implementing monetary policy, playing the role of a fiscal agent of the Government of Canada, and offering advice to the financial institutions in Canada. Economy is composed of many consumers and producers who interact on a daily basis. They interact to determine which goods have to be produced, which producer is to supply goods, which consumer is to take commodities home, and what prices are to be paid for the goods provided (Wilson, Thomas , and Peter 135, 1993). Governments in countries worldwide intervene in the microeconomics in order for them to improve the performance of their economy at large. There are two sections of the microeconomic policy that include fiscal and monetary policy. They both affect the economy of Canada. Fiscal policy in Canada Fiscal policy is a collection of decisions made by the government, and they affect taxation, spending, and borrowing. There is no way governments can lack this policy since they are able to raise revenue and spend it purchasing goods and services. There are a number of dimensions of fiscal policy of a government particularly the federal level (Soucy, Jean, and Marion 231, 2000). Monetary policy in Canada This is a collection of decisions made by the government on the quantity of money in circulation, in the economy. This collection is through the government’s central bank. The monetary policy in Canada is conducted by the bank of Canada. There is only one monetary policy in Canada, “the instrument policy of the Bank of Canada is the set target for the overnight interest rate” (Revisiting the case for flexible exchange rates 7). The bank is not in a position to set spending and taxation priorities. The changes in the overnight interest rate highly depend on the effect of monetary value to the economy. For the last two years, the central bank of Canada has been independently influencing the interest rates and the quantity of cash. Inflation High inflation is demanding to the economy and costly to the Canadians. Also, the government has adopted inflation control and taken it as their main policy objective. The government objective is to participate in the Canadian economy that is successful and ensure the well-being of the people of Canada. The government has been encouraging central banks in Canada to reduce unemployment. This caused a rise in the amount of income earned hence, higher standards of living of Canadians (Price adjustment and monetary policy 23). In short, the Canadian government has its aim at maintaining economy with low inflation and a stable development. Environments with a stable inflation have individuals and firms that are able to spend, save, and invest. Imports and exports These are elements that really affect the economy of Canada. Canada has been trading with the U.S. for a long period of time. Canada has been