ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the past, the main source of energy was hydrocarbons, which have proved to cause a lot of pollution and environmental degradation. With the increase in technology, civilization has become a threat to the natural resources and the environment at large. A technology based on zero emissions should be established on all products especially in the automobile industry. This eliminates the wasteful use of energy and preserves the environment and nature. This energy is freely available from the atmosphere, and there is an option to store after compression to the desired pressure. Zero pollution engines are effective in the current, industrialized generation where most of the transportation relies on the automobiles (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2004). Transportation has increased, and this translates into increased pollutant activities, not unless zero pollution motors are used. Compressed air is very sustainable since it has no vitality, temperatures, or any negative effects on the weather. Once the air is compressed, it can be used at the user’s convenience, and there is no probability of loss. The maintenance costs are also eliminated since it does not undergo the charging and the discharging cycle. This form of energy is cheap and beneficial in the long run (Singh & Singh, n.d). The following is a discussion on the introduction of the low pollution car engine and its benefits to the UAE. Low Pollution Car Engine Although diesel engines are durable, reliable, and highly efficient, the issue of pollution by nitrogen oxide and soot emissions cannot be ignored. This pollution affects the environment and human health. Elimination of these engines and replacing them with the compressed air engines will promote health in the UAE. The low pollution engine delays ignition through a lower level of compression, increased motion, and an injection of higher pressure. It also requires a considerable amount of cool exhaust gas, which recirculates continuously. Although it is not completely homogeneous, it utilizes the injection timing for it to be controllable in terms of combustion. Once the combustion rate is controlled, there is an advantage in that lubricant dilution is avoided. In such a case, the Exhaust Gas Re-circulation (EGR) together with the lower compression levels allow for adequate time for air and fuel to mix. Thus, the formation of nitrogen oxide is suppressed. The phasing of the combustion is also better leading to limited soot. The noise is also minimized by the decreased pressure rate and engine load (Kiplimo, Tomita & Yokobe, 2012). This engine generates electricity and has a cylinder situated between two combustion chambers. The engine can burn several fuels. It can burn the natural gas and hydrogen. It offers a reliable replacement for the fossil fuel that has experienced a lot of shortages. It is also beneficial to the UAE because it hinders the anticipated climate changes. Since the low emission gas tubes have been in operation, they have saved a lot of time and energy. It is approximated that about 10,000,000 hours have been saved. This is a promise that in th
Abstract This paper examines the rationale for withdrawing products with high sugar content from retail shops. Several academic and non-academic articles have been used to argue for this case. It has been identified that sugary products have critical health effects. Due to excessive sugar intake, diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular complication come up. It is thus recommended that businessmen should strive to ensure a healthy society by committing themselves to not selling sugary products. Local Pharmacy in Bedeck In an article that appeared on CBC News dated 12 September 2014, it was reported that a pharmacist in Beddeck, Canada, had withdrawn all sugary products off his stock (CBC News, 2014). He did this to show his commitment and determination to the fight against sugar. The pharmacist, identified as Graham McKenzie, had removed products such as pop, juice, diet pop, and vitamin water, from his inventory (CBC News, 2014). When interviewed, Graham stated that he was concerned since Canadians were taking at least ten teaspoons of sugar in these drinks, and this was not healthy for them. Graham also encouraged other pharmacists to promote such a business model. Heart and Stroke Foundation supported this stance in which it indicated that the level of sugar currently being taken ought to be cut. The article reveals that 20% of the calories consumed by Canadian nationals come from sugar (CBC News, 2014). Based on the context of the CBC News post, this paper argues that the sale of sugary products in the marketplace should be cut. As the Heart and Stroke Foundation states, consuming excess sugar is dangerous to a person’s health (CBC News, 2014). This claim has been confirmed by the findings of a set of research studies in which it has been revealed that consuming too much sugar can potentially lead to coronary heart disease. Indeed, a single molecule of an element called Glucose Metabolite Phosphate, which is commonly found in sugars, it can lead to abnormal or weakened functionality of the heart. As more sugar is consumed, regardless of the source, the GGP molecules accumulate. As a result, the heart becomes stressed such that it cannot perform its function appropriately. It weakens, and if the condition is left unattended, death could occur (Johnson, 2007). Besides, excess sugar intake can result in resistance against insulin by cells. Insulin is a very essential hormone given its role in controlling the use of energy and metabolism in the human body. Sugary food substances contribute to an increasing level of glucose in the body. According to Johnson (2007), excess glucose is toxic. Therefore, in an attempt to restore the glucose level to normal, the pancreas produces insulin, which acts by removing the excess glucose from
Introduction The presentation focuses on patches and their role in the counterculture fashion. Over the century, the significance and meaning of patches in fashion have evolved. From a practical and highly utilitarian thing, they turned into a mean for garment ornamentation, development of personal or brand identity, and even making public statements. Although the application of patches in the mainstream fashion movement is rather a recent innovation, they were an intrinsic part of counterculture for a significant time. Moreover, their use was largely influenced by various social-cultural changes. Considering this, the major purpose of this exhibit is the demonstration of how the social events impacted individuals’ choices in fashion throughout the history. Focusing on patched denim, we will review the links between social factors and fashion. Historical Overview The history of patches in fashion started in 1960’s when young people protesting the war in Vietnam were flooding the streets. They wore patches with peace emblematic and make-love-not-war statements. Along with the political revolt, those individuals were engaged in many cultural activities: music, literature, art. Thus, later the anti-war movement turned into a larger culture and people involved in it became known as the “children of flowers” or hippies. The hippie culture thrived throughout 1970’s-1980’s, and, during this time, the use of colorful and bright patches became widespread as hippies used to move against the current and buy second-hand clothes which they then repaired themselves. Hippie patches showed off the iconic images of the movement and contrasted their looks to the preppy and well-tailored garments of the mainstream culture. In the late 70’s, the punk movement arose and started to gain momentum. Like hippies, punks used patches to express their identity. Along with pins, spikes, distressed denim, and brightly colored hair styles, patches contributed to the rebellious and marginal punk look which remains iconic today and continue to inspire youth and people in fashion. Nowadays, hipsters constitute the major subculture. According to McKenzie, they use various fashion means to express their rebellious identity and mindset just like their predecessors. By integrating patches in their looks, hipsters may proclaim their otherness and unwillingness to comply with the rules and social norms. In this way, it is possible to say that the patch was and remains the symbol of freedom of choice and the counterculture as such. The Objects Exhibit 1: The embroidered and patched denim shirt and jeans. It is a well-preserved exhibit from late 60’s-70’s. Although the garment seems to be without any sign of distress and the patches are put on the “imaginary’ holes and, first of all, ar
Introduction Noble cause corruption is a major issue for the modern police force. Actions that were seen as unacceptable by the public a few years ago have become so common that they are not seen as issues by the police. The excessive use of force, racial profiling, and speeding outside of emergency situations can be extremely dangerous for the law-abiding citizens of the United States. This type of behavior has always been present among officers, but recently it has become much more public due to camera phones, and police cameras placed in their cars. These actions are often taken to remove potential criminals from the streets either before they commit a serious crime or to jail a suspected criminal without clear evidence against them. This paper will examine this situation through the lens of virtue ethics, as well as other ethical theories. Is it Ethical? Virtue ethics theory is one of the oldest ethics theories that are still used today. How does this ancient set of beliefs apply to a relatively modern issue of noble cause corruption? The answer lies in the purpose and the implied public image of the police. Despite the cynical approach of some police precincts, the police are not just a business. The role of the policeman is to uphold the law dictated by the government and the constitution of the country. This implies that a police officer should follow the law by the book or else their role will be compromised. An exemplary policeman or policewoman holds a set of ironclad principles and virtues that not only help to keep citizens safe but also provide an example for them of how to live an honest life. When an officer disregards the law, they lose a great deal of respect of the populace, and rightfully so. Going by this theory of ethics, the actions performed by the officers in these cases are not ethical. Why is it Unethical? Noble cause corruption leads officers to undermine their principles in order to achieve results that they believe to be right. These actions can include writing false information in police reports, planting evidence, the excessive use of force, and actions that are taken against people for petty reasons like belligerence and racial prejudice on the part of the officer (Martinelli, 2006). These actions go against three of the 11 moral virtues that were identified by Aristotle in the Nicomachean Ethics (2017). The virtues that officers are not upholding are magnanimity, truthfulness, and friendliness. They lack magnanimity due to some of these actions being done out of petty reasons, and with vindictive goals. An officer should not bend the definition of law just to make the life of a person who they do not like worse. Cases when officers use physical force to apprehend or even just intimidate people that present no danger to them are shockingly common. Excessive force is often applied to women for no other reason than the “attitude” they expressed to the officer (Francis, 2016). Sometimes this type of corruption can put citizens in direct danger. When police cars speed without an emergency, they put other
Introduction Outback Steakhouse is one of the largest and most successful American casual dining restaurant chains. To achieve and maintain a competitive market advantage, Outback Steakhouse selects a team of employees through a rigorous process that focuses on:   * The cognitive ability of employees   * Employee personality   * Employee Judgment ability The cognitive ability of employees Cognitive aptitude assessment is one of the sure ways of predicting employee performance. This test provides a measure of the applicants’ learning speed, arithmetic or numeric strength and an individual’s reasoning. Outback Steakhouse values cognitive skills such as language (or basic communication skills), logic and reasoning in the hiring process. Thus, the organization is able to recruit a team of employees who have such strong abilities as perception, reasoning and logic, which are necessary to decipher information very fast and to easily acquire more knowledge. Outback Steakhouse is also able to achieve a competitive advantage since cognitive skills such as logic and reasoning are very important in resolving issues in the workplace. Employee personality In the organizations’ hiring process, Outback Steakhouse recognizes the importance of an applicant’s personality. Chatman (1991) shows that personal values such as dependability, responsibility, positive attitude, adaptability, strong work ethic, honesty and integrity are some of the values which determine employee performance and which also influence the performance of the organization. Outback Steakhouse’s focus on the applicant’s personality, therefore, helps the organization to pick a team of professionals who help the company to remain successful and competitive. Employee Judgment ability Employee judgment ability is also important in the workplace especially in assessing the credibility of information and in resolving workplace conflicts. Outback Steakhouse also subjects applicants to a series of questions that probe their experience, their open-mindedness, teamwork and orientation toward the company’s culture. The company understands that for it to remain competitive, employees must be dedicated to their duties. Orientation test toward the company’s culture is therefore meant to avoid workplace deviation. The ability of the candidate to adapt to Outback Steakhouse’s culture and commitment to stay with the company is important. Hunter & Hunter (1984) explain that normally more experienced employees tend to adapt and fit new environments faster and more easily. And this is the reason Outback Steakhouse’s final selection process involves a set of questions aimed to determine the applicant’s work experience. Another importance of organization fit for Outback Steakhouse is that it prevents workplace deviance which may threaten the well-being and competitiveness of the company. Applicants wishing to join Outback Steakhouse are given a job preview, explaining the benefits and the responsibilities of working for the international chain of restaurants. This is the first step
Introduction The organization selected for this report is TradeIt, an IT company specializing in developing software for job management and engineering. The company has been operating for the past two decades, but currently, it encounters difficulties managing the personnel. One of the most significant issues the organization faces is blending different personality types within teams to ensure the effectiveness of employees’ performance. This problem is significant because many team members at TradeIt engage in conflicts due to differences in their perspectives and approaches to work. It results in a poor level of performance and the lack of understanding among employees. The purpose of the report is to analyze the presented problem and provide three scenarios the company can utilize to eliminate the issue. The most significant constraint is the inability to develop trust-based relationships among employees after the interventions; the possible challenges associated with it will be discussed in detail below. Analysis of the Problem As mentioned above, the problem of selected for this report is the blending different personality types to make more productive and effective teams. The problem was selected by the analysis of existing evidence of the issues that may arise in the workplace. Some of them, including the problem of supporting diversity among employees, are acute, but creative problem-solving methods may not apply to them. The other possible issues were those only some companies encounter, such as high turnover rates, which means that the ideas presented in the report would not be universal. The problem of managing different personality types at the workplac
Introduction Saudi Arabia is a country with a fast pace of development and investment opportunities. The market of this country is highly competitive and attractive for both local and foreign companies in terms of cooperation. In order to better understand the way Saudi businesses act, it is important to focus on their marketing strategies. This paper will explore the Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Aramco) to discover its vision, products, segmentation, competitive advantages, rivals, and micro and macro environment. The alternatives for further development will also be discussed in terms of the company’s current position, environment, and trends in the petroleum market. Business Identification: Strategy and Products Saudi Aramco is the national petroleum and gas company of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the largest company in the world in oil production and oil reserves. Founded back in the 1930s in cooperation with an American oil company, it is completely controlled by the government of Saudi Arabia since 1980 (“Overview”). The company owns, manages, and develops all energy resources in the country, including the world’s largest oil and gas giant, Ghawar Field, and Safania-Khafji Field, the world’s largest offshore gas and oil field. According to information for 2017, it managed fields with oil reserves of 332.9 billion barrels, which remains the absolute majority of the country’s reserves. The company’s mission can be defined as establishing and continuously enhancing the full conversion refinery, acting as a reliable and cost-effective business. The company’s business strategy is built on the idea of the global energy provision in order to improve human progress and sustain the worldwide community. The average daily production of the company is ten million barrels per day. According to the results of 2018, Saudi Aramco still became the most profitable corporation in the world – its net profit is more than $ 111 billion. For comparison, the United States occupied its first place with the production of 12.615 million barrels per day (“Saudi Aramco Downstream”). This is evidenced by the data of the Joint Organizations Data Initiative (JODI). In addition to petroleum, Saudi Aramco also controls gas production in Saudi Arabia, while its subsidiaries are located all over the world – in the UK, US, and Japan, Egypt, Italy, China, India, Singapore, and South Korea. The petrochemicals compose another product manufactured by Aramco in terms of the downstream business sector. The latter refers to petroleum refining of crude oil as well as processing and purification of raw natural gas. In particular, kerosene, gasoline, fuel oils, diesel, asphalt, and a range of other products are offered by the company to its customers. As reported by Nasser, Saudi Aramco President, and CEO, “we are expanding this business both in Saudi Arabia and in fast-growing overseas markets like China and India, with the aim of converting two million barrels per day of crude oil into petrochemicals” (“Saudi Aramco Downstream”). Consistent with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, Aramco will conduct research on crude-oil-to-chemicals complex creation in the regi
Introduction All over the world, the issue that has been of great concern is globalization. To achieve this, interconnectivity in all parts of the world is technologically advancing with regard to means of communication, business opportunities, political ideologies, cultural beliefs and norms as well as trade (Johnson 1). As a result, a global village where connectivity is easily attainable is created. This increases the rate at which nations connect with each other so as to benefit from expanded business opportunities as well as enhanced network of communication. As much as globalization has positive effects on nations and organizations, it also affects the lives of individuals. Perspective between 2006 and 2056 The lives of the Chinese farmers revolve around the farm. They entirely depend on rice, wheat and other crops for their daily upkeep. In general, farming in China is the backbone of country’s economy. Actually, many people find their employment in the agricultural sector in China. With technological advances, production of farming for domestic use as well as export has been increasing in recent years. Because of globalization China has been able to establish a network of communication with the global market thus making it easier for farm produce to be exported across borders. A report indicates that China is now ready to start producing genetically modified crops. This in turn enhances the levels of production. Where as large scale farmers improve with the change in market strategies all the way to the year 2056, the small-scale farmer is left lagging behind still practicing ancient farming systems, still expecting to earn a living. In return, the competition in production between the small subsistence farmers and the large scale farmers lowers down leaving the large scale farmers to take dominance the market. As such, the small scale farmer continues being impoverished. In view of the world in the next 50 years, peasant farmers will be disoriented in terms of communication and market opportunities. This is due to failure to globally grow in line with others as a result of technological as well as social factors. Unless measures are put in place to help such farmers improve with the change in technology, the challenge in 50 years to come will be on the widened gap between the poor and the rich. In Africa, globalization has increasingly provided opportunities for development and improved living standards. Presently, most African countries are working on regionalism that is the road to globalization. As a result, borders and regional blocks are gradually decreasing hence giving way for multilateral trade liberation. However, the rate at which Africa is globally growing is not comparable to other na