ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This paper discusses three business scenarios. The discussion will cover the legal, environmental conditions of each business scenario. The paper will discuss each business entity in light of the nature of the business, taxation laws, and liabilities. The business entities discussed are those in the USA. Hence, the business legal environment considered is that of the USA. Depending on the business entity scenario, different internal and external obligations conditions will arise. The conditions that each business entity operates on will influence its survival and profitability, currently and in the future. The paper will thus examine each business scenario’s internal and external conditions to find out its survival and profitability. Business scenario: Restaurant/ Bar The business entity is a partnership business since it is made up of two persons voluntarily coming together as co-owners of a business for profit. The partners can form a business with little or no formality (Madura, 2007). To start the business, the partners need to come up with an agreement. Where the agreement does not provide essential terms or contingency, a uniform partnership act, fills the gap. The partnership agreement may be oral, written, or implied by the conduct of the parties. The entity will thus, be required in law to be registered as a partnership business. The partners are liable personally for the debts and obligations of the partnership. The nature of the entity is that of a bar and a restaurant. Thus, the entity needs to comply with regulations and laws that cover such business entities. The regulation to observe will depend on the state the entity is located. This is because; different states have different regulations of controlling business entities under their territory. The initial partners, Lou and Jose, have no capital to start the business. The capital to start the business is to be sourced from Miriam, who expects to be rewarded as a partner for contributing the capital. A partnership is not created by payment of debts. Thus, Miriam is not one of the partners, as the partnership is formed primarily to share profits and management. The partners will have to come up with a formula guiding them on how to share the capital contribution amongst themselves. The partners are liable to repay the capital borrowed. Also, the partners are required, by law, to come up with a business name under which the established company is to be registered. The name can be the name of one partner or both names of the partners or any fictitious name. The name selected as the trademark cannot imply that it is a corporation by inserting the term Inc. Additionally, the name should never be the same as that of another already existing business entity and must be filed in the appropriate government agency for it to be a trademark. A number of obligations will prevail during the operation of the business. The main obligations that the entity is likely to face include payment of
Introduction Sudden climatic and biological shifts are intrinsic parts of the Earth’s past. Yet, the mechanics of such shifts in the environment of the Earth are not always completely grasped, especially in previous warm climates that seem to have equivalents to prospective climate change. The variety of the planet’s biological and climatic factors impedes the utilization of models to correctly anticipate potential ecosystem patterns. Still, the Earth is quickly reaching a severely changed climatic setting with no previous parallel for the last 30 million years. Hence, the researchers’ strategy is to explore prior analogs to prospective temperatures in the history of the Earth. Nevertheless, in order to grasp the dynamic behavior of quickly changing settings, scientists needed to identify recordings with sufficient accuracy to investigate the phenomena they sought to grasp. The Foundation of Ocean Drilling When it comes to ocean drilling, a natural plumbing system facilitates the flow of fluids through the ocean crust beneath the bottom. Such flows reduce the temperature of the planet’s core, change the composition of the foundation bedrock, and impact microorganism dispersion in the subterranean ecosystem. Drilling deeply into the seabed has expanded our knowledge of the function of fluid movement through ocean sediments and foundation bedrock, particularly how hydrogeological processes are linked inside the seafloor (Board, 2011). The researches based on this have resulted in advances in our knowledge as to how sediments and water interact, how ocean structure systems build seabed natural accumulations of minerals, and also how clathrate hydrates develop. Researches based on ocean drilling have also transformed comprehension of subterranean bacterial diversity thriving at the borders of existence. Objectives of Expedition 342 Expedition 342 of the IODP intended to retrieve Paleogene geological layers with abnormally high sedimentary rates compared to the moderate rates of 0.51 cm/k.y characteristic of Paleogene sea deposits. The objective of the researches was to seek sediment drifts, which build at a higher rate than conventional deep-sea soils, in order to recreate the past of a heated planet with exceptional precision. Another goal included a collection of given recordings along a deep sequence of sites in a variety of aquatic levels. The Chosen Site of Expedition 342 The chosen site was selected in order to collect geological and geochemical data on water structure and flow under the stream of the Deep Western Boundary Current located in the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). This mission also aimed to recreate “the Paleogene carbonate compensation depth (CCD)” in the Atlantic Ocean for contrast with newly discovered increased estimates of the carbonate compensation depth in the tropical Pacific (Expedition 342 Scientists, 2012, p.8). Apart from an exceptionally elaborate climate’s past and a thorough evaluation of the structure and movement of such ocean, the last important goal was to retrieve soil segments including well-saved m
Executive summary Harvey Industries assembles high pressure washer systems and sells spare parts for those systems, though it primarily assembles equipment for coin operated self-service car wash systems (Stevenson, 2008). The company has been experiencing losses for the past three years, hence the need to evaluate possible changes to Harvey Industries’ current inventory management system and develop strategies that may improve on the bottom line. Inventory control has a direct impact on the profitability of Harvey Industries since it’s an assembling company, and most of its assets are in form of inventory. Inventory control problems arise when a company does not have the correct set up to estimate the number of items that it should purchase with each order in order to minimize costs while still have sufficient stock levels to satisfy demand (Shim & Siegel, 1999). It is important for a business manager to realize that it is an economic cost if one orders a large quantity of items which have to be stored for too long before they are sold. This is because the large stock holds a lot of capital which could otherwise be used in buying other items for sale. On the other hand if one orders a few items for sale he will incur relatively low storage expenses but may not be able to satisfy all the clients. An economic order quantity system will ensure that both costs are minimized but inventory is stored at appropriate levels (Bose, 2009). Inventory management problem Harvey Industries faces an inventory management problem due to the lack of adequate management and control measures. In the current inventory management system, stock is replenished by any one of the key undersigned personnel who notices a shortage in inventory levels. This is potentially dangerous for the company since stock levels are not monitored on a continuous basis, thus the risk of going out of stock for some items because no one noticed the shortage. This also presents a challenge for the purchasing manager who will have to make infrequent, and at times random, orders to suppliers for parts which makes budgeting difficult. Random orders will also subject the purchasing manager to changing market prices, where he will be forced to take parts at their current levels or face having shortages (Lewis & Slack, 2003). Lack of a proper budget will also make the purchasing manager miss out on quantity discounts offered by suppliers, which could improve the company’s bottom line (Greasley, 2009). As there is a steady demand for repair parts due to the rugged and constant use of car wash equipment, having frequent shortages of parts is expensive for the company in the long run. Harvey Industries has a well organized stock room, whereby parts are arranged separately according to each vendor. While this makes it easier to locate a particular part that is manufactured by a particular vendor, it could prove to be problematic to identify shortages in a particular part regardless of the vendor since they are stored separately. This could explain some of the shortages and out of stock scenarios that the company has been experi
Introduction Entrepreneurship can be conceptualised as the entry into a new venture by an individual or a business. New entry refers to the process of entering into either a new or an existing market with new or pre- existing services and goods. In this regard, new entry tries to explain the processes and initiatives of entrepreneurship (Czinkota, Ronkainen, Sutton- Brady & Beal, 2011: p. 45). New entry and entrepreneurship are concepts that are still being developed by many authors and researchers. It is against this backdrop that the current essay is written. In this essay, the author is primarily concerned with entrepreneurial orientation (herein referred to as EO) and the Uppsala model of the internationalisation process. EO refers to the decision-making activities, practices, and process that give rise to new entries. EO is characterised by the desire for autonomy in business, innovativeness, aggressiveness, and risk taking (Saul, 2005: p. 67). Regardless of this, it is important to note that there are many successful enterprises which function on the basis of some of these traits. This essay aims to outline the conflict between entrepreneurial orientation and the Uppsala model of international expansion. It is the opinion and position of this author that the revised edition of the Uppsala model can be applied in large and small enterprises alike. Given the fact that the paper is argumentative in nature, the researcher will make a stand in the issue and then defend that stand throughout the paper. Terms will be clearly identified and justified using examples. To this end, the researcher will use information from several references such as books and articles. Opposing views will be acknowledged and the researcher will fully address them to check for their veracity or lack of it thereof. The Uppsala Model and the Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Critique It is noted that the Uppsala model was developed in 1977 from a publication by two scholars in this field. These scholars are Johanson and Vahlne. Since then, the perspective has undergone four revisions. The model was primarily based on the manner through which firms in Sweden were internationalising in the 1960s and 1970s (Steen & Liesch, 2007: p. 12). This model suggests that business firms internationalise in an incremental fashion. They progressively commit themselves to an international market and increase their presence as they continue to understand the dynamics of their particular market niche. Initially, firms expand into new markets depending on the extent of similarities between the firm and the domestic markets (Bogun, 2008: p. 71). In their first publication, Johanson & Vahlne (1977) pointed out that the level of commitment for firms that are internationalising for the first time is very low. This behaviour is evidenced by their use of agents and establishmen
Introduction It is projected that total money laundered internationally in a year is ranged between $ 500 billion to $ 1 trillion. According to FinCEN (Financial Crimes Enforcement Network) that over $ 750 billion in illicit funds is being transferred worldwide annually, of which $ 300 billion is laundered in the US alone, which is corresponding to total gross sales in 1996 of two world-leading automobile producers like Ford and General Motors. If money laundering is left unhindered, it can exhaust a nation’s economy by altering the demand for cash, forcing exchange rates to be more volatile and making interest rates down and resulting in a high inflationary trend in the country where criminal elements are freely allowed to tread. Money laundering has been recognized as a bad element for the economy as it siphons away billions of dollars a year from the economic system of a nation. Terrorism Financing The act of raising money through both legitimate and illegitimate means to finance acts of terrorism is known as terrorism financing. In one another chief methodology employed by the fraudsters is to open an account at a gambling website. The ill-gotten money would be deposited in the account using a pay pal account, and then some money is used on gambling. However, the balance money after the sham gambling is transferred to another ordinary bank account, thereby creating a legal status for the laundered money as if it has come from gambling and will be employed for terrorist financing. Figure 1. VICIOUS CYCLES OF MONEY LAUNDERING Financing Terrorism through Money Laundering Money laundering injects funds that act as fuel for terrorists to function and to enlarge their activities. Funding for terrorism through money laundering can hamper the economic prosperity and financial stabili
Introduction Governments should implement adequate policies and measures to address the issues affecting their citizens. The use of powerful programs and initiatives can compel state officers to act ethically and improve citizens’ lifestyles. Democratic states are expected to address the needs of its people using public funds. Unfortunately, many developing nations have continued to grapple with numerous obstacles such as greed and corruption. These malpractices disorient the processes aimed at promoting the livelihoods and experiences of many citizens. In Latin America, corruption levels have continued to rise over the past few years. This research paper gives a detailed analysis of the nature of this problem and how it affects the welfare of different communities, regions, and citizens. Using the cases of Peru, Mexico, and Brazil, this research paper describes how corruption remains a nightmare in this region. Evidence-based recommendations are also presented to ensure that different governments and leaders tackle this predicament efficiently. Background Information Bersch, Praca and Taylor (2016) define “corruption” as a form of malpractice whereby individuals engage in unethical behaviors that are against the wishes of the people. This malpractice has been observed to hamper or affect the economic position of a given society. The quality of governance is usually weakened by fraudulent deals since the level of public trust reduces significantly. The effectiveness of political institutions is also disoriented by deeds that result in the loss of communal resources. The quality and nature of government is also affected by corruption. van Dijk (2017) argues that many cases of corruption take place secretly. This means that only a few individuals in power tend to have access to various resources and finances that could have been used to address citizens’ needs. These unethical issues undermine the principles and tenets of a democracy. This is the case because the levels of openness and integrity reduce significantly. Additionally, this form of misbehavior creates a scenario whereby the existing political system becomes unequal. The research questions presented below will be used to analyze how corruption has remained a major issue in Latin America. Additionally, several case studies will be analyzed in o
A visual aspect of any campaign should sell a product and be morally evaluated and correctly perceived by the broad audience. Any organization needs to provide clear communication through texts and images about their products. The ethical aspect of applying an image or video to an advertisement is related to considering the consequences of constructing a particular visual element in a certain way (Kienzler, 1997). Modern technical capabilities made it possible to craft marketing masterpieces, however, not all campaigns were understood correctly due to their unethical communication. The chosen campaign is Dove’s lotion 2017 Facebook advertisement, where the visual part raises ethical concerns based on racism. A dark-skin woman takes off her brown shirt and turns into the light-skin one in fair-colored clothing. The communication of the campaign’s visual part can be described as insulting to women of color as it makes people think that only whites can be clean. Offensive material violates ethical norms, such as respect for others, universality, and standards against discrimination (Kienzler, 1997). Dove’s product line is mostly for women’s care, and their visual communication must have a respectful message for the targeted audience. The campaign raised a loud discussion about racism and women’s body image, Dove faced a scandal on social media and removed the advertisement. Wootson Jr. (2017) states that Dove’s apologies were “an image we recently posted on Facebook missed the mark in representing women of color thoughtfully; we deeply regret the offense it caused” (para. 5). Although Dove eventually solved the issue, the company’s representatives were quiet for so long that many concerns appeared in the media and forced its consumers to boycott the products (Wootson Jr., 2017). It is necessary to assess a broad audience’s reaction to each campaign’s visual communication as an unethical advertisement harms the business. There are several approaches to decrease the unethical rate of Dove’s campaign. Firstly, they could respect diversity by showing women of different races. Secondly, the color of shirts might be the same, and the context of washing revealed in another way. Lastly, Dove could provide proper text accommodation to make its message clearer. The Facebook advertisement had to be shown to a focus group before its implementation, and it could help the company avoid a scandal.
Introduction The article “When the Camera Was a Weapon of Imperialism. (And When It Still Is.)” by Teju Cole tells about the author’s interpretation of a photograph from 1899. In the photograph, the king of an African tribe is shown with his face, normally obscured by his crown’s beads, open and visible (Cole). As the king’s face should always be covered, this was offensive to the tribe’s traditions. The author goes on to argue that photography, especially in cultures deemed foreign, has always intruded upon people’s privacy and, therefore, often been used as an instrument of power and subjugation. Ultimately, he calls for this privacy to be restored. Response Cole is correct in that photographs, especially those taken in a scientific context, have little concern for privacy. However, while photos can convey a subjective, emotional meaning, it is incorrect to forget that they are a way to capture the objective state of things. As such, photographers, especially early and documentary photographers, can be more concerned with objectivity over other issues. In his example of photographing women’s faces without their veils, the author ignores the purpose of these pictures: identification, intended for people who have never seen these women before. Photography, in this case, is a tool, which can be used in a wide variety of ways, and condemning it rather than the practices it allows to document is strange. Conclusion Figure 1 This photograph captures the artist Banksy’s painting of a girl with a heart-shaped balloon held by auction employees. The painting had a shredder hidden inside the frame, which partially destroyed it after it was auctioned for $1.4 million. This photograph is a striking commentary on the fragility of art, ownership, and intent. It is also an example of photography capturing the objects of two other art forms: painting and performance art. Although intentional destruction of art objects and somebody else’s property (as the picture had already been sold) can be seen as violent, in this case, the destruction was part of the artist’s intent. This picture is impactful for me, personally, for is commentary and the way it expands the artist’s intent by capturing it. Work Cited Cole, Teju. “ When the Camera Was a Weapon of Imperialism . (And When It Still Is.)” New York Times Magazine , 2020. Web.
The argument for developing the plan is that it will aid in achieving the more significant aim of increasing participation in sports and physical exercise. This is critical for enhancing health and wellness results, as well as for the provision of the necessary cohesiveness and inclusion. Accessibility open areas and possibilities for sport and leisure may make a significant difference in a community’s health and well-being. Planning policies should be predicated on thorough and available evaluations of the demands for open areas, recreation and leisure facilities, and new possibilities. The evaluations should detect particular requirements as well as qualitative shortages or overflows in the local area’s open space, sports, and recreational amenities. The evaluation results should be utilized to decide what available size, sports, and leisure activities are needed. For me, this work is an opportunity to show my strategic skills in building a plan for creating a sports space. The availability of high-quality and widely available facilities will help the overarching goal of developing healthier lives. There is a need to guarantee that everyone has access to adequate facilities and the ability to participate. The evaluation and analysis conducted to generate this strategy reveals a need for some specific provisions across a variety of production units, as well as more general requirements in terms of improving the quality of current facilities and increasing accessibility. To increase the number of people who can participate in society, all new and upgraded facility availability should be completely inclusive. In my case, I want a vote to be held on what precisely the school wants to have in this environment that each student may be interested in because this work will be carried out not for one person, but for a large group of people whose opinions do not always coincide. The process of identifying the functions and needs of the places to be constructed is referred to as programming in architecture. This crucial step should start as soon as the order is initiated. Failure to do so might result in costly delays and, in many cases, a facility that does not match the planned aims. The engineer will develop plans that illustrate specific room measurements, high ceilings, and windows and doors positions, as well as the electricity, drainage, and mechanical systems. This stage is one of the most indicative for me because I believe that having seen the drawings, you can already imagine a general picture of how everything will happen and roughly estimate the success of the project. Most sports facilities present administrative issues that keep management on their feet and endeavor to solve them efficiently. These difficulties can be met in the short to mid-term by hospital administrators. Still, without adequate long-term implementation and scheduling, they may remain to impede operations even if handled regularly. Supervisors will need to view these difficulties through a more conceptual lens in running a profitable sports facility. They will need to take