ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Written in 1752, the novel The Female Quixote; or, The Adventures of Arabella by Charlotte Lenox was a masterful representation of societal orders of the eighteenth century through the main character’s life and adventures. This work stirs various emotions and makes contemporary young ladies deliberate on the notion of romance and its role in contemporary lives. So, this paper will unveil how Arabella’s attitude towards romance affected her life greatly and if it was worth it. This is a splendid story telling how youth of any age and century is up to their contemporary moral and social orders, rather than getting back to two hundred years old morality. Namely, the main heroine named Arabella seems to be too overwhelmed with Romance that she used to read about when she was younger. It seems it is the only way for her to behave and conduct than facing the reality and admitting she lives in a flash back. She is a silly and naïve girl who tends to irritate others around unintentionally. Arabella is a beautiful lady who considers every man she encounters to carry her away. This is funny and at the same time very sad since Arabella has no possible way out of her dreams and imagination. She thinks that every woman she meets has some kind of a sob love story about the past experiences. Although being very graceful and elegant, Arabella is full of images of this world to contain murderous violence, uncontrollable passions, and outmoded notions. The greatest challenge that Arabella is faced to because of her Romance beliefs is inability to have normal relationships with the man who loves her and wants to marry her. This is completely ridiculous that Arabella’s conduct forces Sir George Bellmour to act like a chivalry night in order to please her demands. Unfortunately, there is no other way to her heart. The story reads hilarious about his attempts to woo her according to the rules of Romances and I was said when all his zest backfired on him. It is very nice to read about her tales, but the notions of love were way too out of fashion. Therefore, Arabella gets into very silly and sometimes dangerous situations throughout the book. For example, when she throws herself into the river because she thought the horseman wants to rape her, she fell ill for some time. Arabella is doomed to have senseless life because living in dreams and imagination is purposeless unless there is someone to take care of such a person. And, luckily, her cousin Glanville happens to be the one to save her from such a faulty perception of the environment. A clergyman gets Arabella back to reality and she marries Glanville. However, it is absolutely funny how she stands up against the contemporary notions and speaks lengthily about the Romance stories when defending the heroines. Thus, I was very much glad that there were some characters to help Arabella go through these tough times. The Countess was just amazing! I was intrigued to read the work until the end. It is a fabulous representation of the eighteenth century conduct rules. Needless
Wolfgang Mozart is widely acknowledged as one of the best composers in western music history. He born on 27 th of January 1756 in Austria and passed on in 1971.Together with Beethoven and Haydn, he revolutionized the classical music to new achievements and heights. Unlike other composers, he was talented in all the other musical genres of his time and succeeded in all (Chebat 996). His excellent command of form, his taste and range of expression helped him to become a universal composer compared to the others. Despite all his achievements, Mozart wrote his music with a specific audience in mind. Mozart created changes in musical industry through his mastery and genius manipulation of the tonic-dominant musical tones movement. In the operas, he successfully created tension moves that were followed by cathartic releases that were characterized by consonant and dissonant polarization between every two chords (Sadie 158). Because of his great knowledge and experience in classical music devices, Mozart could easily play around with the human psyche in ways that caused great revolution at the time. In fact, some people refer to him as the first modern opera psychologist because of his success in creating conducive atmosphere, mood and drama in his operatic works. For a long period of time composers have been trying to learn new approaches of transferring music from one medium to another and the art of arranging musical sounds enjoys a very long history (Kraehenbuehl 580). For instance, sixteenth century vocal music was often presented in clear keyboard settings and the growth in symphonic and chamber from seventeen century motivated the adaption from use of one instrument to another. Symphonies were written by different composers whose vocal point of reverence was based in the old Australia lands. At the end of the 18 th century the first flowering was done by Mozart, Beethoven and haydan. From 1780s Mozart’s and Haydn symphonies acquired massive hearing in concerts throughout England and Europe while Beethoven’s symphonies acquired a lot of respect almost immediately (Saint-Foix 130). Many of Mozart’s works appear to be less adventurous since they featured dramatic vocal works and keyboard music. Most of his symphonies were divided into two parts; opening and clos
Isometric training is a method of training that does not involve a variation in the joint angle. However, there is a form of movement that occurs during the contraction of muscles. Research shows that muscular tension can occur without movement, which translates to a training effect on the body. Proper isometric training involves the maximal activation of a muscle or multiple muscles for a given period, holding the tension for a while and then reducing the tension to rest (O’Shea, O’Shea, & Wynn, 1988). Isometric training involves trying to lift a weight that is heavier than an individual’s potential. It may also involve pushing a static object, in order to enhance physical strength. This exercise can be used to enhance the performance of linemen in the American football game. Linemen form a defensive line in the game. As a result, they need to train for maximum strength while limiting their muscle movements. Consequently, isometric exercises are the most ideal for American Football players in order to build their physical strength and enhance their performance (O’Shea, O’Shea, & Wynn, 1988). Isometric training is a form of resistance training that relies on the nervous system to regulate the intensity, duration and speed of contraction. According to Stiff (2003), “isometric training is ideal for sports that require isometric strength such as mountain biking, shooting, wrestling, judo and skiing”. “Athletes also require isometric exercises in order to enhance their strength and improve their conditioning for sprinting and running” (Stiff, 2003). Stiff (2003) suggests that isometric exercises are most beneficial for injured or arthritic individuals. This is because they can focus on training specific areas without straining other muscles or joints (Siff, 2003). Besides enhanced safety and injury reductions, isometric training can also be used to increase mental strength and confidence, improve posture and lactic acid tolerance, and increase muscle mass. Isometric exercises also allow individuals to screen working movement, facilitate hypertrophy without a tear on joints and build strength in weak muscles. Some of the limitations of isometric training include the inability to quantify or measure the training, the need for maximal contraction in order to achieve results, smaller range of motion for strength development and limit to the training sessions that an individual can partake (O’Shea, O’Shea, & Wynn, 1988). Individuals who engage in sports and athletics are required to train in order to improve their performance. They need to select the appropriate methods in order to attain the necessary improvement in fitness. Common trai
Introduction Interpersonal relationships are undeniable because human beings are social creatures. Human beings will always interact with individuals from different backgrounds. Different models such as ‘uncertainty reduction, relational dialects, social penetration, and self-disclosure theories explain how individuals can form good relationships in order to achieve their goals’ (Gibbs, Ellison & Lai 2011, p. 82). This paper presents a critical reflection on interpersonal skills. The essay highlights some of the best practices and skills that can make a person successful. This discussion explores the theories associated with trust, self-disclosure, and interpersonal communication. The personal reflection presented in this essay identifies the skills gained from this topic. The report offers quality ideas that can help individuals establish the best relationships with their workmates and business partners. Personal Reflection on Interpersonal Skills Self-disclosure is ‘something critical towards establishing and developing meaningful relationships’ (Zimmermann 2011, p. 64). Self-disclosure ‘is one of the measures for friendship and relationship development’ (Gibbs et al. 2011, p. 86). Self-disclosure can also destroy associations, especially when individuals fail to support one another. This practice is also significant towards building trust, especially among entrepreneurs. Too much self-disclosure is also capable of destroying good relationships. Trust and self-disclosure are inseparable. These tools play a critical role in establishing the best interpersonal relationships. Self-disclosure establishes the success of every interpersonal relationship. This topic is relevant because I am planning to improve my interpersonal skills. The approach will be relevant to ‘widening my communication, problem-solving, relationship-building, and decision-making skills’ (Kauffman & Carmi 2014, p. 208). The topic will widen my competencies and make me a good communicator. I will also address my problems and establish new teams. Positive interpersonal attributes ‘will ensure all people form the best relationships’ (Gibbs et al. 2011, p. 74). My mission is to explore the benefits of positive self-disclosure. We always ‘come into contact with new people every day’ (Tenzer, Pudelko & Harzing 2013, p. 36). People also engage in various business activities with new partners. People also form intimidate and personal relationships with their relatives and friends. It is appropriate for learners to establish the best associations with their tutors and classmates. These relationships are critical in every person’s life. I am planning to improve my leadersh
Introduction During the sixteenth century, Spaniards were inspired by the power and the prestige of their nation, and the impact of Christianity had a significant role in driving its colonialization intentions. In multiple areas around the world, from the Orient to America, there was a strive of Spain to suppress paganism and establish humanistic Christian ideas associated with the Renaissance. For instance, the natives of the lands were oppressed and forced to settle in compact villages, taught to live and work as laborers. However, the mission to forge spiritual unity in the world by eliminating all remnants of Protestantism was aggressive and self-confident. The level to which they elevated their legal and moral basis for authority was extremely high – Spaniards believed that they could be regarded as better than other nationalities. Main body The main issue contributing to Spain’s imperialism and religious colonialism was the close union of the state and the Church despite their features of autonomy. The Church of Spain supported the military power of the country and was enthusiastic about setting new objectives and targets. Moreover, the imperialism of Spain was both theocratic and bureaucratic, with the royal council of the Indies having supreme jurisdiction over all spheres of colonial endeavors. Therefore, there was a lack of balance between bureaucracy and theocracy, which led to the increased contributions of the Church in the conquest, and the colonization of the Philippines represents a bright example of this issue. When intending to colonize the Philippines, Spain set three clear objectives:   * Get a large share in the trade of spices, which was monopolized by Portugal;   * Create strong contacts with Japan and China to influence their Christianization;   * Convert all inhabitants of the archipelago to Christianity (Phelan, 2010). Despite Philip II’s intention to colonize the Philippines without bloodshed, the first phase of the conquest did not occur peacefully. However, a greater negative impact came from economic dislocations: the agriculture of the land could not provide for the two large groups of non-productive consumers (the Chinese and the Spaniards). The exasperating economic crisis drove the conflict between the colonizers and the Filipinos. However, it can be concluded that the conquest did not manage to erase the existing culture and habits. This can be explained by the fact that before the colonization, Filipinos had established a culture with its rules and customs, with such aspects as marital traditions, the dependent status, social roles,
Article Reflection “Does the Perceived Risk of Punishment Deter Criminally Prone Individuals? Rational Choice, Self-Control, and Crime” Nowadays, society utilizes a preemption model to foresee and prevent illicit events. The engagement of individuals in delinquent actions is commonly connected to the official and casual threats of reprimand. According to Wright, Caspi, Moffitt, and Paternoster (2004), further research should be conducted in this area. This decision is supported by the claim that the contingency on the pre-emption model increases spendings on the punishment of criminals. Moreover, the alleged criminals are not always the ones to be punished, and this imposes serious limitations on the current detention system (Wright et al., 2004). The authors of the article discuss the information concerning criminal behavior and review medical, psychological, and sociological premises of the delinquencies. Wright et al. (2004) concentrated their efforts on evaluating the impact of low self-control and self-perceived criminality on the outlooks of the wrongdoers. Their research also utilizes societal consent and the event of getting caught as the two core measures of preemption discernments. After the analysis of the article, I can confirm that the research reached the expected results. Several factors helped me to make this decision. First, the findings of the study showed that the preemption discernments among individuals susceptible to wrongdoing could be characterized as a rather powerful influence (Kleck & Barnes, 2013). This is why the authors of the article were able to identify an interesting pattern in individuals with low self-control and high self-alleged delinquency which prevented them from taking part in illicit activities when they felt like it was costly and perilous. Moreover, I consider that the researchers have successfully reached their investigational objectives because their other discovery revolved around the individuals who were not so predisposed to delinquency. In this case, both the preventive measures and threatened punishments had almost no effect on the wrongdoers. Wright et al. (2004) concluded that threatened punishments are ultimately inappropriate when it comes to strong incentives against felonious behavior. The authors of the article developed a specific model based on the interdependence between biological and psychological peculiarities of the wrongdoers and the influence of a variety of societal processes (Siegel, 2015). This allows us to conclude that the criminological nature of delinquencies should be viewed as a social-psychological phenomenon functioning within the framework of the individual’s social state of affairs. The key notions associated with the study of crim
Introduction Normally, culture arises when individuals unite and interact depending on the foundation of their skills, expectations, and their personal opinions. Additionally, it also happens on the foundation of other people’s social backgrounds and shared values. The organizational culture can be categorized into six levels over which it is able to operate. The first one is societal culture. This deals with the consciousness of cultural functional forces and patterns of nationality (Larsen & Lubkin 2009, p. 278). This level is generally applicable in situations where there is a new product in the market. Besides, it is appropriate in the international outsourcing relationships. Organizational culture put more emphasis on the knowledge of the cultural dynamics in a company (Miller 2009, p. 92). Additionally, this is majorly applicable in some of the international organizations or those people who always take part in the Management and Administration (Needle 2004, p. 145).Identity group culture refers to the culture of responsible for evaluating the expansion of various communities by their sex, their place of origin, background, their religion and some other communal groups.Moreover, it is majorly being applied in areas whereby workers would want to improve in their workforce and talents. Functional culture involves the effectiveness of different cultures working in a given business environment. Besides, it majorly puts more focus on the functional cultures and effectively controls the differences cautiously (Ferrante-Wallace 2008, p. 189). Consequently, this will bring together the different cultures in different departments to meet the entire goal of the organization in this context. Team culture is identified when the whole workforce is able to adopt a single and unique culture. To achieve this goal, organizations are always required to understand how to bring together complicated and dynamic situations. Additionally, the situations must be well understood by all the working staff.Individual culture is the stage at which all the aspects of culture exist in an individual regardless of gender and working experience (Shaw 2010, p. 175). Having enough information concerning this level quite vital since it will assist an individual in discussing the anxieties at each of levels discussed above. Barclays PLC organization is one of the organizations that have been greatly affected by the existence of different cultures within the working force. Background of the businesses involved Barclays PLC is an international organization responsible for providing financial services to various people and companies across the world. In addition, the company has approximately 30,000 workers who are actively involved in retail and profitable banking. Additionally, the organization is also involved in the sale of credit cards, asset banking, control of wealth, and asset management services. Barclays PLC is
Nowadays, businesses must operate in a highly competitive environment where only the strongest survive. Therefore, it is critical to understand the firm’s strongest points, where it can make a profit, and its weakest points, which it has to improve on in order to stay in business. In this situation, one of the ways to determine weak and strong areas is through a SWOT analysis that covers strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. By analyzing these points, a firm will be able to benefit from the strong areas, improve the weak spots, be mindful of areas of opportunity, and plan for market threats. Thus, a SWOT analysis should highlight a firm’s fundamentals while also recognizing possibilities it cannot currently employ to its maximum owing to a deficiency in resources. As a result, managers must thoroughly evaluate the firm’s strong and weak points in order to develop competencies that provide potential. Managers should have a comprehensive grasp of their own strengths and shortcomings in order to ensure they have the correct resources rather than just a vast amount of resources. Subsequently, if the given resources are deemed appropriate, they might be shaped into core competencies. A firm’s internal organization is its overall structure that is used to perform its core operations. The organization must be decided by the firm’s general strategy as well as the network infrastructure that must be established both internally and externally. By analyzing the internal organization, firms identify what they can do to improve the given circumstances or avoid failures. For example, they can identify unique resources that the firm possesses or the unique resources they can acquire. Moreover, the firms can develop their capabilities or intensify the already existing capabilities and profit from them greatly. Lastly, the strengthened capabilities can become the competencies of a firm that are required for a long-term competitive advantage.
The main purpose of the article ‘The Five Minds of a Manager’ by Gosling and Mintzberg is to present a relatively new paradigm of thinking that analyses the mind of a corporate manager. In the article, the two scholars have attempted to describe their paradigm and its effectiveness. They take the example of models is success as a master’s program at the university of Montreal, where Mintzberg is a professor of management studies. The success of the program in educating practicing managers to attain a new paradigm of thinking is the authors’ main motive in developing the article. According to the authors, the new paradigm of thinking takes into consideration the difficult role of managers in organizations as the reason for developing and teaching the idea of new ‘mind-set’ to practicing managers. The authors argue that rather than dropping the idea of management for the sake of new perspectives in organizational leadership, they realize that management and managers play the most crucial roles in running local and global organizations. The purpose of this paper is to review and summarize the article by Mintzberg and Gosling, with an aim of presenting the ideas and perspectives of the authors. Mintzberg and Gosling argue that the modern concepts of management take leadership as a superior task, while management seems to be both inferior and obsolete. This phenomenon creates an appreciation of the idea of leadership at the expense of management. They claim that management remains an important area in business and if leaders do not emphasize on management, the organizations are likely to lose the benefits of good business management. With this in mind, the authors argue that the mind of an ideal manager remains complex to enable it execute all the tasks necessary for the organization. According to the authors, their new model considers a successful manager as having the need of various ‘mind-sets’. In this paper, they introduce the five mind-sets: the reflective, analytic, worldly, collaborative and action mind-sets. According to the article, the reflective mind allows the managers to execute the task of ‘management of self’, where the mind makes the connections between experience of happenings and the explanation of these. Managers must gain experience and reflect on them to determine the actions within their organizational management. Secondly, the article takes the analytical mind as that part of the managers’ mind that manage organizations by having an in-depth understanding of the institutions, functions, information flow and their roles. Thirdly, the worldly mind-set enables managers to manage context, while the collaborative mind-set allows the managers to think of and manage relationships. Finally, the article talks of the action mind-set, which allows the managers to influence, implements, execute and manage positive change in the organization. In this article, Mintzberg and Gosling have introduced a relatively new perspective of the tasks for managers in an organization. The new paradigm they introduce in their argument is important not only for teaching practicing managers, but also for every member of an organ