ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The language of graphics and visual art seems much more understandable and concise, judging from the editorial cartoon, created by Anita Kunz published on the cover page of “The New Yorker” for January 22, 2007. The present paper is intended to analyze the artwork and interpret the elaborated message which underlies the funny image. Anita Kunz is designer with truly international experience: Canadian by birth, she has lived in New York, London and Toronto, contributing to the national newspapers and also temporarily stayed in Norway, Japan, Portugal, Sweden, Germany, South Africa, France and Holland, working at the local advertising agencies, book publishers and design organizations. She was born in 1958, in 1975 Kunz became a student of the Ontario College of Art and Design and starting from 1980, she has been acquiring increasingly greater popularity for her authentic illustrations for books, newspapers and magazines 1 . As Heller and Arishman write, “From 1988 to 1990 she was one of two artists chosen by Rolling Stone magazine to produce a monthly illustrated History of Rock’n Roll end paper. She has produced cover art for many magazines including Rolling stone, The New Yorker, Sports Illustrated, Time Magazine, Newsweek Magazine and The Atlantic monthly” 2 . Anita Kunz’s 2007 cartoon depicts caricature George W. Bush in the clothes of Roman emperor, standing on the tribune and playing harp so that the music he is making comes into the microphone. Behind the main character’s back, one can notice fire. On the picture, the man resembling George W. Bush looks inspired and spiritual, and his peaceful face expression obviously can be contrasted with the flames on the background. The dominant chromatic of the artwork is hot, as the main color is “marble brown”. The scene is pictured on the light brown, so the main character stands out for his blue and white clothing as well as his face, drawn in high key and high contract. All colors on the work are matted and saturated, and the artwork itself seems to be in the perfect condition. The color gamma, chosen by the designer, is quite rich, as there are apparent half-tints and undertints; e.g. in order to create the impression of the “marble brown” on the background, the author experiments with various types of brown color, sometimes making it lighter and mixing it with color grey in certain places. The presidential tribune is pictured in grey, the “official” color, normally associated with the style of the President’s Administration. The only human on the artwork in shown in the irregular proportions, as his head is unnaturally large, as compared to the relatively small tors
Major differences between the Classical and Romantic styles of Music The Classical and the Romantic styles of music are characterized by several significant differences in terms of treatment of forms, genres, and the general content of the music. On the one hand, the forms of the sonata, symphony, and concerto that had crystallized in Classical style were still widely used in Romantic music. However, Romantic composers treated those forms more freely: they preserved the formal elements but allowed themselves to enlarge the existing patterns by inserting additional sections. Also, the light transparent texture of Classical music was replaced by the rich texture in the Romantic style. More instruments were used in the Romantic orchestra with full compliments of woodwinds, brass, and percussions. While composers of the Classical style tended to write in the absolute and abstract genres of the symphony, sonata, and concerto, the Romantic composers demonstrate a tendency towards program music. This term denotes musical pieces that have a narration or a story behind them. New genres appeared in the Romantic period, such as intermezzos, rhapsodies, fantasies, and symphonic poems, which reflected the narrative qualities of Romantic music. Besides, the genre of the song (or ‘lied’) was widespread among the Romantic composers, allowing them to combine word and music in an intimate narration. A special Romantic tendency to small-scale performance was reflected in such miniature genres as nocturne and prelude. In comparison with Classical music where order and form satisfy the key requirements of rational balance, Romantic style is more about expression, impulse, restlessness, and passion. This difference is obvious, inter alia, in the melodic lines, while in Classical music they are guided by the requirements of harmony and often comprise the sounds of harmonic triads Romantic melodies span almost boundlessly. Freedom of expression in Romanticism concerns the harmony as well: Romantic music wanders over most bizarre alterations and modulations. Advantages and disadvantages of the patronage system from the Renaissance through the Romantic period The patronage system in music existed for quite a long time spanning the eras of Renaissance and Classicism up to the Romantic period. This system meant that a composer or a musician was hired by contemporary authorities, such as the church or members of the aristocracy, to produce music in exchange for a fixed salary. Among the advantages of the patronage system is the fact that it secured relatively fixed workplaces for musicians of the time and provided their families with a stable income. Also, the patronage system was the perfect chance for talented musi
Introduction Nowadays, the resort’s business has to operate in the context of a highly competitive environment. Managers essentially search for new facilities and innovative decisions in order to maintain the clients’ loyalty and attract new visitors (Brey, 2010). One is supposed to be particularly creative to fit all the demands that appear in the tourism field. Professors in Tourism School, Horner, and Swarbrooke, note that one of the best alternative solutions that might assist resorts’ management in gaining popularity is the integration of some alternative options into the general range of the proposed facilities. According to the professors, the educational opportunities might be in a great request with an average modern tourist that seeks for self-development along with a classic vacation (Horner & Swarbrooke, 2004). From this perspective, the foundation of the Ski School in Sun Peaks Resort seems to be a timely implemented measure aimed at maintaining the sustainability of the business’s performance. According to the corporate data provided by the company, the school offers a wide range of educational activities including group and private lessons for various types of program levels and age ranges (Sun Peak Resort, 2016). One might, consequently, assume that a significant part of the resort’s clientele takes advantage of the provided facility. Therefore, the study at hand is aimed at analyzing the benefits of the implementation of an educational option into a research spectrum of facilities; its impact on the clients’ loyalty as well as its contribution to the improvement of the general business’s performance. One is determined to examine the relevant aspects of the example of the Ski School in the Sun Peak Resort as the latter has the highest rating among all the Canadian resorts from the standpoint of family comfort and skiing facilities ( Ski Resorts Ratings , 2016). As a result, one expects that the study of the company’s experience is likely to be highly productive. Literature Review Background History shows that the initiative to combine resorts with ski schools received a lot of critics when it was first introduced at the end of the nineteenth century. The ski resorts would willingly offer skiing facilities for their guest, whereas they were not ready to provide any training options for them. Thus, an average ski-amateur had to choose between a specialized ski club and a classic ski resort. The idea to interconnect the two options seemed to be too costly and was supposed to be unpopular. Managers could not believe that guests would agree to
Recently awakened interest of the whole world to Islam on the whole and to Islam outside the Arabic world offers non-trivial results of the study of the presence of one of three main religions of the world in southern Africa. The topicality of the study of Islam in southern Africa can be explained by recent accounts of the researchers who state that observers have been unaware of the presence of Islam in southern Africa (Westerlung and Svanberg 111). Nkrumah states that two decades ago the majority of the population of southern Africa would have identified Islam as “some obscure ‘Indian’ sect” (94). At the same time, it is known that Islam can be rightfully considered the largest growing religion in Africa (Moghissi 53). Thus, the present paper is devoted to the study of the reasons for relatively weak influence of Islamic movement in the certain countries of southern Africa. South Africa can be also added to the list of these countries since the number of Muslims here is only 533,717 according to the South African census of 1996 (Feener 253). Nkrumah states that the following southern African countries: Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, and Swaziland can be characterized by small Muslim communities “of fewer than 20000 each” (94). Thus, the reasons for this situation in these countries should be analyzed from historical perspective. As for the comparatively low number of Muslims in Botswana, this fact can be explained by late introduction of this religion to the country (Denbow and Thebe 39). In fact, Islam in Botswana was restricted to urban areas by colonial authorities though the first Islamic presence of an Indian group was recorded in 1890 (Westerlung and Svanberg 113) and this is the reason for comparatively weak historical development of Islam in the country though today Islam actively gains its followers in Botswana. As for the kingdom of Lesotho, the number of Muslims here is low in comparison with the number of Christians. The reason for that is that Christians are mainly the indigenous Basotho (Lipton 82), thus, the country is originally Christian. Besides, Christians are scattered throughout the country while those who profess Islam are concentrated in the north-east. The concentration of Muslims on limited territory and great numerical superiority of Christian are responsible for the state of religion in the country. Christianity is the dominant religion in Namibia that can be explained by intensive and effective missionary work that took place during the 1800s and drew the greater part of the population to Christianity. There were no historical premises for the spread of Islam in Namibia as the only practitioners of this religion are immigrants, their descendents and those who are recently converted (Lipton 105). The dominant religion in South Africa is Christianity as well. Though the first arrival of Muslims in South Africa was recorded in the mid-1600s (Naim 190), Westerlund and Svanberg rep
Introduction Canada’s firearm registry has been there for a along period of time. The later amendments in firearm registry in Canada entailed the requirement of long-gun registry introduced in 1995. Since its introduction, the firearm registry had been faced with numerous political issues. The issues arise due to the high costs that are associated with the process and also the diverse philosophy among Canadian political parties concerning gun registry. The introduction of the Possession and Acquisition License brought many changes on the procedures that control how people in Canada own and use firearms. The act was aimed at regulating possession and usage of firearms in Canada in order to guarantee the safety and peace for all. The strategy introduced by the federal government was a good step in trying to reduce firearms violence in Canada, but unfortunately the system had failed to reduce gun violence at a reasonable cost. History of gun Control in Canada The Canada federal government had instituted gun control legislations for over 100 years. The criminal violators of the gun control legislations had been prosecuted through the Canadian criminal legal mechanism. In 1800s the Canadian federal government imposed certain limitations relating to how Canadians were expected to handle firearms. During this era the Canadian residents were at liberty to carry or sell firearms. In 1892 the Canadian federal government introduced the first permit that required Canadians to have a certificate that allowed them to have a pistol outside their workplaces or homes. Those people that violated this law were penalized a small fine. In 1913 this law was changed and people were required to apply for a permit to allow them to buy small firearms. Those who violated this law were sentenced to a maximum of three months imprisonment. In 1920 the firearm control legislation was further strengthened and it then required all people residing in Canada to have a permit to allow them possessed any firearm. In 1921 the Canadian federal government loosened its stand and changed the firearm control legislation. The act then required all foreigners to have a permit to possess any firearm and the Canadians residents to have only a permit to carry a small gun outside their homes or workplaces. In 1930 the Canadian federal government tightened its firearms control legislation and required all those people that were involved in selling firearms to have a permit. In 1951 the Canadian government introduced a single small-arm registry that was controlled by the commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mount Police (CRCMP). In 1969 the Canadian federal government came up with a
Test Validity: Assessment Creating a tool that will help determine learners’ progress is crucial. The specified task becomes all the more important in the areas that require the ability to correlate the information in books with the phenomena that they can observe themselves. Herein lies the importance of quizzes; they shed light on learners’ understanding of the subject matter. The suggested geography quiz (see Appendix A) can be regarded as a rather good, although it could use a better thematic flow. Content The questions of the test reflect the key content that is covered over the fifth grade in Geography. For instance, the questions provided in the quiz allow determining the learners’ knowledge of the concepts associated with tectonics, weathering, and mountain-forming processes. The specified knowledge can be deemed as the key information that students must acquire during their fifth year in Geography studies (Florida Department of Education, 2016). The specified topics align with the standards set for 5 th -grade students in Earth Sciences by the state of Georgia (“Grade 5 – Science Georgia Standards of Excellence (GSE),” 2015). Thinking Process Although the assignment implies answering multiple-choice questions, it also encourages them to think. Particularly, the test invites learners to consider the effects that specific processes have on the Earth and, thus, connect certain information to provide the correct answer. For example, the question regarding the list of factors contributing to erosion will require analytical skills. Consistency with Assignments The quiz (see Appendix A) aligns with the essential information that students were provided during classes. None of the questions contains any data that was omitted or not covered during classes. Therefore, the task can be deemed as fully consistent with the assignments that students completed. It could be argued, however, that the order in which the questions are represented does not fully co
Introduction “Humans are 10,000 times more common than we should be” (McMahon 361). This is a statement uttered by Steve Jones (from the University College of London) who noted that, human beings are quickly overpopulating the earth, thereby creating a population time bomb which our natural habitat cannot sustain (McMahon 361). The human population has been steadily increasing over the last few decades. This increase has been attributed to advancements in medicine and agricultural revolutions which have facilitated an increase in food production. One such revolution is the “green” revolution which has multiplied food production in the last century (McMahon 361). A steady population increase (over the last two centuries) has increased concerns that the steady population growth is going to cause a strain on nature’s resources. This strain is witnessed in several forms, including a strain on fresh water, food resources, land (among other factors of production). Hardin explains that, people should stop viewing the world as an infinite wealth of resources because it is not (Hardin 3). He notes that, since the world’s resources are obviously finite, an infinitely growing population would translate to a catastrophe because once the earth’s resources are depleted; there would be no more energy to support life. Hardin further makes reference to human growth as being subject to energy production because we burn a specific number of calories per day, and these calories are often sourced from food (Hardin 3). Food is supported by nature, and nature is finite (in the number of resources it can provide to sustain food production). From this understanding, an uncontrolled population growth poses as a strong environmental issue. However, the solution to fixing this problem lies in a controlled population growth. This argument forms the framework for this paper. Conceptual Analysis The concept of overpopulation has not been in existence for a long time. In fact, before the industrial revolution, there was no concern for overpopulation because the world’s population hardly increased (Brawley 203). It is only after the industrial revolution that the world’s population reached a billion people and scholars started to predict that, soon, the world’s population will cause a strain on the world’s resources because a finite set of resources cannot support an endlessly growing population. The concept of overpopulation is not limited to the number of people on the earths’ surface, or the size of the earth’s surface alone; it is also subject to the availability of resources that support life. Scientists note that, the concept of overpopulation is also subject to the use of resources and its distribution across various population groups (B
Company Analysis Ritz-Carlton is one of the leading companies in the hospitality industry, with branches across the world. The corporation is an auxiliary of the Ritz-Carlton hotels, which runs over eighty-four sumptuousness hotels and resorts in main cities internationally. The company was formed in 1983 following the merger with another company with similar name that operated in Atlanta Georgia. Presently, the organization is an ancillary of an international company referred to as Marriott International, which is known for its value and established monetary ability. A brief history of the corporation illustrates that it was created by a Swiss proprietor known as Cesar Ritz, who was an expert in matters related to hospitality, having been named the emperor of the hoteliers following his achievements in the industry. Through his hospitality managerial skills, Ritz redefined luxury accommodation in various parts of the world that the hotel operated. The company entered into partnerships with several merchants with an aim of increasing the market share and strengthening the financial power. The first branch of the hotel was launched in the US in 1911. Before the First World War, the company had developed roots in the United States and other parts of the world, particularly Europe, but its operations were greatly hampered by the war. The founder, Ritz, died in 1918 just before the conclusion of the First World War, but his wife took over the management of the organization. Even though the company went through a number of challenges, such as the interruptions associated with First World War and the Great Depression, it is currently one of the best in the hospitality industry. This paper discusses several aspects of the company, including its interaction
Police are the central force that protects citizens of every state and guarantees that their rights and lives are secured. For this reason, the given social institution is provided with extreme authority to find lawbreakers and provide them with fair punishment. However, at the same time, police officers should also actively considering the existing legislation; otherwise, their actions can be considered illegal. The U.S. Constitution and criminal code limit officers power to ensure that no abuse of power will be observed. In such a way, trying to find a lawbreaker, an officer should act regarding the law. The given case could be investigated to understand the importance of the issue and acts that could be applied. Officer Jones used a local trash collectors services with the primary aim to find some pieces of evidence that might be useful when indicating narcotics use. The Fourth Constitutional amendment could be applied to the case. It provides people with the freedom from unreasonable search, seizures, arrests, and interventions (Delegates of the Constitutional Convention, 2005). In such a way, no person could be arrested at his/her home without clear reasons. However, officer Jones has not violated this amendment. The fact is that the trash gathered by collectors could be provided to the police as pieces of evidence (Weaver, Burkoff, & Hancock, 2014). Additionally, as long as the defendant has already given the trash to the collector, it lost its privacy and became unprotected by the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution. In other words, officer Jones used a valid way to obtain the trash needed to prove illegal actions as he turned to the collector who possessed the power to help him. Moreover, the officers actions could be analyzed regarding the plain view doctrine. This one provides an opportunity to collect pieces of evidence without a warrant if they are found in plain view during a lawful observation (Weaver et al., 2014). In such a way, Jones adhered to this doctrine as the trash provided by the collector was in his plain view, and the officer was able to use it even not having the warrant. Moreover, there is an open-fields doctrine that could be applied to the case. It states that a warrantless search of the area outside an owners property does not violate the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the USA (Weaver at al., 2014). The officer excluded the defendants yard and house from his search and obtained the trash with the help of the collector. In other words, his actions were legal. In such a way, despite all probable rejections and alternative perspectives on this issue, officer Jon