ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Assignment 1 Juvenile misconduct retains its position as one of the most flexibly policed crimes, leaving law enforcement with various processual options. Children caught by the police often receive a warning, rather than having an official case opened, but this depends on the severity of the crime (Taylor, 2017). In the case of shoplifting, the first process undertaken by the police could be to question the criminal on site, followed by contacting their legal guardians, referring them to a community agency, or arresting them (Taylor, 2017). Thus, four possible processes may be outlined as questioning, identification, record overview, and, finally, either custodial or non-custodial arrest. The police force has a variety of options when dealing with juvenile shoplifters, their arrest relying on the existence of a previous criminal record, which mostly decides the processes’ course. Questioning and identifying under-age offenders may require contacting legal guardians, which may be used as a tactic to avoid detainment that is often outlined “as a last resort” (Taylor, 2017, p. 146). Finally, police may bring juvenile offenders into the police department for custodial arrest or serve court summons at home, as a form of non-custodial arrest, both options resulting in the opening of a court case. Assignment 2 The citizens of any country maintain a right to a certain degree of secrecy, with the constitution of the United States supporting US nationals. Therefore, any actions taken by the government to track the activities of its citizens are met with outrage and negativity even from law-abiding residents (White, 2017). However, preventing the occurrence of crimes may be possible through monitoring those citizens who partake in suspicious behavior, allowing judging their actions as illegal and, therefore, arresting them if enough evidence is amassed. This method could permit reducing the number of transgressions committed and increase domestic safety. Despite the balance between individual rights and national security becoming precarious, this approach may allow reducing the number of crimes. Organized crime, cyber-crime, and terrorism have become the face of modern-day law violation, requiring modernized solutions to prevent their occurrence. From virtual to real-life attacks, terrorism in its various forms may become the “dominant mode of conflict,” necessitating all levels of law enforcement to be prepared to respond to it (White, 2017, p. 376). Therefore, since the nature of government involvement in crime prevention could be positive, securing countrywide safety may excuse infringing on individual rights, maintaining community safety over merely personal security.
Thesis Categories on topics of literary works are evident in the sense that every publication tackles an issue with certain commonalities to the works of other writers thus interweaving discussions of certain specified topics. What differs from each literature though, is how the writer delivers the message he wishes his readers to react upon whether be that concluding to a bolstering of a profound analysis, triggering passionate desire of deeper understanding and/ or overall influencing the reader to contribute to the subject matter’s campaign. Each author has his own style of writing to which he spellbinds his readers through his tale, a preview of his owns thinking and feelings on the subject matter. In the case of Ida B. Wells, the stand of her “A Red Record” pamphlet is that of a rhetoric where the writer presents arguments and evidences of her cause to readers in such a way that she prevents her audience to form a conclusion that her claims are biased or untrue. Simple, Direct and Rhetoric Writing According to her autobiography, “Crusader for Justice”, Ida B. Wells’ general writing style is very much simplistic and direct to the point as she once cited that she “needed to help people with little or no schooling deal with problems in a simple, common-sense language”. Though her message in her written literature was clear in the fight against lynching practices on Afro-Americans, Wells had managed to persuade her readers convincingly by painting a vivid picture of the cruel and brutal realities of what was happening in the South of the country. Wells backed her claims and conclusions with sufficient evidences provided by daily newspapers, articles and other documents publicly released and written by different groups of individuals from those who have little or no compassion or interest on the series of events on lynching or the general subject for that matter, biased white men and/ or Negros, Englishmen who have capital interests and also she based her arguments from interviews conducted by different social, political and cultural groups which wished to be involved or form an opinion on the discussion on lynching in the United States. Wells was considered a rhetoric in a sense that she accumulated and mostly put into use data gathered (statistical records, interviews or published articles) by white southern newspapers to add credibility to her point of view while at the same time earning the trust of her readers and intentionally leaving the latter in no doubt that real people were caught in deadly dilemmas throughout the southern parts of the country, triggering an emotional response through the argument rather than exhortation (Campbell 437). S
Sex education is paramount in modern world of socialization; the rate of teen pregnancy is based on the rise creating an urgent need to educate adolescence and teen concerning the dangers of becoming pregnant. To the certain extend, teen pregnancy is blamed for the lack of information among the teenagers. Early exposure to sex can originate from their peers or adults who want to take advantage of adolescence innocence. Secondary school teachers can play an important role in teaching sex education to adolescence, and this is likely to avert the increasing trend of teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy should not be viewed only from the side of the girl; however, it should be analyzed regarding both the teen boy and the girl. This paper discusses how and to what extend sex education should be taught in secondary schools as a way of reducing teen pregnancy. Teenage Teenage is the period from thirteen years to the age of nineteen. This is a stage of transition from childhood to adulthood. During this stage, a lot of changes are going in the life of a teenager. There are physical body changes as well as emotional ones. Girls are the most affected during this stage because they can be easily misused by their age mates or older men. Today, there are a lot of dangers that result from irresponsible sexual behavior. There are sexually transmitted diseases, the most dangerous being HIV. However, another threat of this period is unwanted pregnancy. The society that we live in is immoral, that is why these problems are recurring. Research has been conducted in the right way through which an intervention can be made to reduce the early sex exposure for teens. Some scholars suggest that teenagers should be taught sex education in high school. They should be encouraged to abstain from sexual behavior or practice safe sex (Friede, Hogue, Doyle, Hammerslough, Sniezek & Arrighi, 1986). There are numerous advantages of abstaining; they range from maintaining once dignity to prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Abstinence and safe sex topology When refereeing to the act of abstinence, teachers should stress on the need of remaining a virgin and free from sex. It is a dream of every parent that his or her child abstains and keeps away from sex. In traditional lifestyle, it was more practical for abstainance to take effect; the reason for this can be attributed to the severe attitude towards sex that the older generations had. According to contemporary or modern way of life, the morality is changed though teenagers still get exposed to threaten abstinence. However, despite all the right morals, behavior, and virtues being advocated for, the act is still possible. Teenagers can wait until they get married to engage in sexual practices (East & Jacobson, 2003). Safe sex is another issue that secondary teachers should take into account. Under this approach, the dangers of early sexual exposure are to be explained to students, b
Company Analysis Teejays is a Customer Care Training and Consultancy Organization that is based in London, UK. The organization has a large clientele with majority being businesses. It provides effective and excellent services to its clients hence playing a very big role in business growth. The training programs and consultation ensures a strong customer-management relationship that leads to customer loyalty. It also offers consultancy services on customer care to its clients. The company has expanded over the last few years. This is due to quality services offered to the clients hence winning over their loyalty. The company therefore seeks to expand its base to international market, and in particular Asia. The move is aimed at achieving sustainable growth. Penetrating a new international market can be challenging and complex hence the need to conduct a feasibility study before making a move (Blythe 2000). The right marketing strategy should be considered depending on the background of that particular market. A wrong strategy can be disastrous causing the business to incur massive losses. Asia is inhabited by people of different race and religion background compared to inhabitants from London. The cultural difference should also be a factor that should be considered before setting base in the new market. Our report will examine the organizational buying behaviour of our clients in Asia and the market segmentation. Brief Analysis Of Asia Market Before examining the organization buying behaviour of the clients, it is important to understand the current market condition in Asia. This is important to enable Teejays employ a successful global strategy. The strategy needs to be formulated, implemented, evaluated and controlled by the company. This process can only be successive if an effective market analysis is conducted. The analysis includes the current economic growth of the market, political stability, legal perspectives and other factors that may affect organizational buying behaviour of the clients. Being the largest continent in the world, Asia is inhabited by over 3 billion people. This is therefore a prime market to invest in due to high human traffic. The economic growth in Asia is dynamic. China for example has recorded a high GDP growth in the past years hence attracting more foreign investments and exports (O’Callaghan 2007). This growth has been attributed to high demand of goods and services to cater for its high population. Asia has also developed its economic performance. For example, the buying capability of consumers in Shanghai has drastically improved due to economic stability. The continent also enjoys political stability which is ideal for any foreign investment. Most countries in Asia are open to global companies investing in their regions. Trade barriers have been reduced with the countries being members of World Trade Organization. This provides an important investment opportunity to a company like Teejays. The legal constraints in Asia have also been reduced. A good example is the reduction in taxes imposed on foreign goods and services delivered to the locals. The legal requirements required to set up a business
The question on whether parents should be presented with the duty of ensuring that their children are vaccinated depends on evaluating the liberal and security elements on the philosophical ideology modeled by Deborah Stones while conducting an analysis of works by Lantos et al . and Kirkland. While maintaining focus on different elements of the ideology, it will be imperative to evaluate the extent to which the ideology may help in the realization of a legally viable system of an argument with regard to the negligence where a parent fails to observe the vaccination requirements. The evaluation process will incorporate the contemporary measles crisis that has affected some regions of the country. While analyzing the elements in Stone’s paradox policy, it will be imperative to understand the mode through which the policy supports or opposes the works by the Lantos and other researchers that have focused their subjects on vaccinations (Stone). The policy paradox has three elements that act as the foundation of the rationale (Stone). The reasoning elements develop a focus on means through which individuals observe issues in a variety of perspectives while aiming at understanding the actual state of these issues. The element of the society focuses on explaining the uniformity in the aspirations or goals of individuals within society. The element of policy analyses the modes of struggles over ideologies. Stone maintains that society has subjects that have common interests and that the interests are aimed at benefiting the general community rather than serving individualistic needs (Stone). The philosophy maintains that there should be concentric goals and views among members of the society on issues that are beneficial to society. Stone argues that influences provide an important element in affecting the outcome of goals within the community. The ideology maintains that individuals are part of institutions, and the policies made by these institutions are meant to solve public challenges (Stone). The ability of individuals within a community to share meanings on different subjects creates a basis for motivating individuals to embrace collective means of making decisions. The political challenges have some level of influence on ideas, and policymaking is a regular effort regarding the model for categorizing and classifying behaviors. Policies provide the basis for goal-making, and goals provide means of assessing the variations in the standards of programs. The liberty principle asserts that individuals should be given the freedom to choose actions, but the actions should not cause harm to others and the community. The study of Lantos et al . and Kirkland presents a number of elements regarding the issue of vaccination (Lantos). The researchers maintain that the policies that guide the immunization have been characterized by controversies that vary within different contexts. The immunizations of children have caused fear among parents due to the perceived side effects that result from immunizations. The rate of concern among parents has been known to increase with routinely conducted immuniza
Introduction High commitment practices are employed in human resource management to create a positive impact on employees of an organization that lasts for long. High commitment practices have now become the most important assets for an organization to become successful. The more a company performs high commitment practices, the higher it performs (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart & Wright, 2010). These managements make sure that the company is maintained during crisis times such that there is high commitment from all stakeholders of the company. Commitment practices focus on increasing productivity and effectiveness by encouraging conditions that make the employees realize the goals of the organization through hard work and commitment (Guest, Michie, Conway & Sheehan, 2003). High commitment practices in the human resource management have been linked with organizational performance in the past studies (Guest., Michie., Conway and Metochi, 2000).. The studies focuses more on the extent high commitment practices improve workers and organizational performances. These studies have been conducted in various countries in the world (Godard, 2004). There are those practices by the human resources that improve the attitude of the employees as well as their behavior. These practices also decrease levels of absenteeism thereby increasing productivity and customer services in the organization (Ramsay, Scholarios & Harley, 2000). The UAE, GCC, Middle East, Arab Countries and the world (COMM) have interest in high commitment practices in their businesses. The interest is propelled by the desire for the organizations to improve their performances. H
The Purpose of Studying the Organizational There is no secret that the recent “Fat Tax” has caused quite a stir among the Danish public, and especially among the owners of the Danish food producing enterprises (Cooper, 2012). Analyzing the effects of the reform in the context of a specific organization and taking a closer look at the changes that the Fat Tax has inflicted on it, one can possibly decide whether the Danish companies in general and a specific food-producing organization in particular can survive the changes. Brief history about the company KiMs has been around in the world of the Danish fast food production for quite a while. Offering chips and snacks, the company was initially an affiliate of the Finnish headquarters. However, as the sales grew, the company expanded, taking over the fast food market in the Scandinavian countries and ousting the rest of the fast food services (KiMs, 2012). The organizational context for change Previously focused on the production of typical fast food, KiMs produced the food that had been enjoying wide popularity among the Danish people from all walks of life, starting with teenagers to businessmen and office employees. In addition, the source materials for producing fast food with sufficient amount of fats allowed for a flexible financial strategy. However, after the Fat Tax reform, KiMs was to lose not only a part of their revenues to the government tax companies, but also a considerable part of their clients, mainly because fast food was considered not appropriate for healthy lifestyle. Therefore, KiMs had to reform its organizational process, or, to be more exact, the production stage had to be changed greatly. The company had to come up with a substance that could replace fats, which, in turn, could have influenced the entire production process and cost KiMs a lot of money. The driving forces behind the change As it has been mentioned previously, the key driving force behind KiMs’s organizational change was the new tax that was imposed on the companies producing food that contained more fats than corresponding regulations allowed. As a matter of fact, KiMs offers a perfect example of how an organizational change concerning such an important element as the production process can be carried out without the company suffering any significant losses. As the KiMs’s spokesman, Andersen, said in his interview, “We have shifted all our crisps and snacks to sunflower oil” ( Obesity and the Fat Tax Issue , 2011). This is exactly how a company should react to the changes that the government or any other force imposes on it. Without wasting their time on arguments, the company has chosen the least painstaking and the most reasonable way of shaping their production to meet the new requirements. The parties and stakeholders involved According
Introduction Different units in healthcare facilities have a variety of individuals on whom the performance of the organization depends. These groups of people are called stakeholders as they both contribute to and rely on the organization and its success. For example, in nursing homes, nurses can be divided into a number of stakeholder groups. Furthermore, as each of these groups has its own unique personal duties, their members should adhere to the specific determinants of work quality – key performance indicators (KPIs). The following essay describes three main stakeholders of nursing homes and their KPIs. Stakeholders While nursing can be seen as an occupation with a set range of responsibilities, different types and levels of it may have various duties. Similarly, healthcare organizations also can have a list of unique tasks and activities. Thus, the first stakeholder in a nursing home is the organization itself – a nursing home, often represented by the board of directors. It is a duty of a nursing home to provide its clients with health care that is high-quality and patient-centered. The organization as a whole is responsible for care delivery and the performance of its members. The second stakeholder group is the primary type of employee working in such homes – a nurse. Nurses contribute to the performance of the nursing home significantly as they are usually the most numerous group of workers in the facility. Their stake in the organization’s success is evident in their work and communication with clients. Finally, the third possible stakeholder is a nurse manager. While managers also perform the duties of regular nurses, they have a different set of responsibilities because they provide support not only to clients but also their subordinates. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Each stakeholder type has its own range of KPIs that it should follow to achieve the best results. For the first stakeholder, the nursing home, one of the main performance indicators is the rate of patients with certain conditions and the percentage of successful and unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Another KPI is the level of satisfaction of patients with the facility’s care. Job satisfaction of employees is another important KPI, along with the general hygiene of the place, quality of equipment, and speed of operations. For nurses, KPIs can be connected to their individual and group activities. For instance, their interaction with clients and the rate of successfully and timely performed procedures are among the main indicators. Other KPIs may include consistency in high-quality care, number of injuries inflicted on patients, rates of medical errors, and others. Nursing managers also have similar KPIs. Nevertheless, they also perform as leaders and mentors. Thus, their KPIs may include successful training outcomes for subordinates, the level of the unit’s collaboration, and interaction with nurses. The work of the department as a whole can depend on nurse managers as well. The ability to introduce new ideas, the rates of nurse turnover and retention, the quality of the u
Ethical workers can make poor decisions when they are arrogant or over-confident; they do not understand the involvedness of the issues, and when business governance structures are fragile or absent. Whereas it is imperative to be confident in corporation, one should not let overconfidence bring about unreasonable rationalizations or ignorance of intricate issues. Since weak or absent governance structures can bring about poor decision-making, it is important to make sure there are appropriate business controls and supervision at-all-times. Lack of corporate controls and supervision causes dubious corporation transactions causing the ultimate collapse of the company. Resisting Requests to Act Unethically is vital in all businesses; the first step one should take is to identify if a request is unethical. One is supposed to read the corporation’s instruction manual and ethical guiding principle to ensure he/she understands tolerable and intolerable behaviors. When one is not certain if a request is ethical, he/she should buy time so that he/she can carry out some investigations to learn. Human-resource experts and the corporation’s legal unit are great resources for these kinds of deliberations. After that, if the request turns-out-to-be illegitimate or unethical, one should think about seeking assistance from the corporation’s human resource or officially authorized experts to determine the best strategy to embark on. One of the most significant ways of leading ethically is to act in an ethical manner. Working for a manager who behaves unethically provokes little or no respect from his/her immediate subordinates. Additionally, workers may be influenced to rationalize their own unethical conducts when they notice their managers and bosses are behaving unethically (Icheku; 2011). Another way of leading ethically is to communicate the core principles, code-of-ethics, and the guiding-principles of the corporation. An effectual code of ethics that is implemented in a company provides workers with a device for resisting demands to execute disreputable, illegitimate and unethical