ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The UK is one of the major centers for the international and domestic trade and commerce both for the European market and global market. The British law, judicial system (courts) and other legal services have played a vital role the development of this sector of commerce which has always been hindered by the reliability, certainty and just application of the British law on contract (Minford, Nowell & Mahambare 2005, p.37). Since 1991 the British contract law has been based on the Rome Convection. However the European commission sought to change to the prevailing law in contracts with an aim of a more efficient regulation in the contract law that would see to it that businesses and consumers needs are met. Therefore after consultations the commission came up with new regulations that were known as Rome 1. The Rome 1 allowed parties to a contract choose the country on which they shall base their contract following the laws and provisions of that country; this was referred to as the “Choice of law” (Peele 2004, p. 18). “Choice of law” entails the process by which parties in a contract agree on the law that they will apply nationwide to their contracts and file their agreement with a contract based term. This is of great significant for business contract between two or more nations. Moreover, when getting into an insurance contract in the occurrence of a disagreement, the law can have a considerable basis on its productivity because the States concerned embrace different legal necessities (Greene & Elffers 2000, p. 61). The British government productively argued beside the introduction of restrictions which would have restrained insurers’ aptitude in agreeing on contractual choices of law between the parties involved. Thus, go-ahead of a free choice on “mass risk” contracts has remained intact as it was introduced by new European regulation, with retention of free choice of law in insurance contract (Baimbridge, Burkitt & Whyman 2006, p. 41). Despite the fact that both the 1991 Rome convention and Rome 1 are similar to a large extent, the application of Rome 1 in courts is very different from the 1991 law on contracts. Stone (2006, p. 183) notes that “ Both are built upon the same principles: a choice of applicable law for the parties in most circumstances, clear rules that apply in the absence of choice, a degree of flexibility for the courts, and appropriate protection for weaker parties such as consumers.” The UK has on numerous occasions opted to opt out of the Rome 1 which it felt that it did not address their commerce interests. Due to t
Introduction Pauletta Hansel is known as a modern writer, a skilled and talented teacher. She seems to be involved into the art from the very childhood and being a young girl she published her poems in the local magazines. Pauletta Hansel contributed to the development of modern art a lot. She gained recognition for her successful and interesting poems which compulsory should be read by everyone. The writer is also known as teacher and art administrator. Her administrative work in art involves everyone who is interested in Pauletta’s writing. Paulette Hansel got used to read her poems in public in order to transfer her emotions and the mood of her poems to the people for them to understand the real sense of her art. Pauletta is the author of special programs for girls and women. She always tries to communicate with the female members of her club and listen to their flow of thoughts, troubles and interests. Communication with them inspires her for writing new and interesting works; even if these women are not writers they always have some useful information and interesting stories to retell. Almost all her works are based on the women’s feelings and perceptions of the world. Main body The first book written by Pauletta Hansel is called “Divining”. This collection of Pauletta’s masterpieces helped her to realize the dream of her life. She managed to reflect the history of her personal life and the art involvement in the content of this book. These poems are the collection of divining words which show the inner world of the author. Reading or listening to her poems means to fill the aim of her art. This book reflects all sufferings of the author and events she faced during her lifetime. The feeling of being abandoned, the sufferings because of the death of close friends and grave difficulties which Pauletta had to overcome are described in this book. It is very difficult and almost impossible to remain indifferent to this personality and really a strong-willed woman after reading her poems. Such works as “First Person”, “Forgiveness”, ”What I carry”, “The Edge” and many other poems written at the period between 1995-2000 are included into the book “Divining”. “First Person” differs from all other poems of outstanding poets by its unique character. All the authors got used to write from the third person describing some familiar for them things and events. This very poem is a kind of Pauletta’s stuck with herself. She addresses the audience and readers to stick with her poems in order to be completely involved into its deep sense; she compares the process of sticking with the feeling of being given the best of cobwebs caught on a black cushion. The poem really divines by usage of unerringly rig
Introduction For a long time, companies and business enterprises have faced testing times in attempting to keep the password secure and protected to avoid loss. Computer security is the practice of averting and discovering illicit use of your computer. Deterrence actions help you to impede unauthorized abusers from reaching any component of your computer structure. Detection aids in determining whether or not intruders tried to burglarize your system, in case they were victorious, and what they possibly would have done (DOHERTY & ANDERSON 2007). Detection and protection against infringements in data networks is an area of science where there are no silver bullets. This is attributable to the sheer size and multiplicity of intrusion types. Studies estimate that the figure of intrusion attempts over the whole Internet is roughly speaking 25 billion daily and increasing. McHugh (2001) asserts that the intrusions are getting even more complicated while they get more programmed and hence the skills needed to contain them are reduced. The majority of information security systems intend to recognize identified attacks or anomalies devised as rules for detection (DOHERTY & ANDERSON 2007, p132). Most times administrators keep data and information in servers protected by the use of passwords which are usually memorized by an individual (WANG 2009, p.45). In case one resigns, dies, or gets a memory lapse, it becomes hard for the entire company to find the stored information due to data encryption. Due to this and other factors of consideration, many security tools have been invented to cater for the same. In addition to this, because of the existence of network data hackers and crackers, passwords need to be made strong enough and hard for cracking. With this in mind, we go on to look at some of the tools that are useful to ensure more secure and restricted passwords in use most companies all over the world. The paper helps highlight details on Brutus and Cain and Abel (DOHERTY & ANDERSON 2007, p32). Overview of Brutus and Cain and Abel Network Security Tools Brutus network security tool is code word cracker software that was made open for private, office and business usage back in 1998. Actually, Brutus network security enhancement tool that works by proof of contradiction, if we may say, uses the Brute force concepts which act like a trial-and-error method, in which a number of information ids are used in order to get to a conclusion that a given system is protected from hacking or not (SINGH 2009, p.59). On the other hand, Cain and Abel as it suggests remind us of the good and evil being used in computers. Here password hackers or crackers use this tool positively to retrieve a forgotten password and on the other hand, use it in the wrong way for private individuals to get into other peoples information without their prior knowledge or understanding. By definition, Password hackers are people who break into computers and other communication devices with the sole wish of destroying other people’s data and information. Usually, the wo
Advertisements are used to promote certain products and services. Therefore, advertisements are used to create awareness to the public about products and services that are available in the market. They also inform the public on how and where to get the advertised products. Advertisements are used to capture the attention of the public. This is in order for the public to accept these products and services. The message that is passed by these advertisements is usually controlled. That is advertisements are used to convey certain messages which are intended for the public. These messages affect and change the attitude of the public about the products and services that are advertised. Advertisements manipulate the public in order to increase their sales. This kind of situation therefore can lead to consumerism. This is a situation whereby one unquestionably accepts goods, services, and ideas. The acceptance of these things normally leads to family disunity, financial drain, and a generally weakened nation/society. This is a result of what advertisements or mass media tell people to do and believe. This situation can further lead to materialism, a condition whereby people want to acquire possessions and wealth regardless of ethical or spiritual considerations. This is because of the promising slogans that are normally in the advertisements. For instance, they promise to give people fulfillment and happiness. Therefore these advertisements persuade people to get the “need” regardless of there being a genuine need for security, sustenance, or safety. Advertisement can cause people to choose materialism over self-restraint. But the question to ask is whether these goods bring satisfaction or fulfillment that is said by these advertisements. People seem to be losing focus on what is important. As consumers of the products and services offered, we are supposed to be very careful in order to know the deceptive advertisements. The concept of consumption is very important when it comes to advertisements. These advertisements are intended for the consumers (people who will need and use certain products and services). Advertising can therefore make consumers look greedy. They tend to create a situation whereby the consumer wants more and more. One technique that is used by many advertising firms is the concept of fear and inclusion. The term inclusion is used to mean, to embrace all people regardless of their gender, race medical disability, or any other need. Whereas fear is a form of threat used in order to stimulate a change of attitude, this is not necessarily a conscious action, most of the time it is an unconscious action. Many advertisements try to play on our unconscious feelings. For instance
Business Description Since it was founded in 2005, Tropical Coffee House (TCH) has become one of the most preferred small-sized establishments for people who like to blend unique leisure experiences with the art of healthy living. Headquartered in London, TCH operates several other outlets in Essex, Kent and Surrey in line with its core mission of taking memorable experiences and quality services to the customers’ doorstep. TCH has enjoyed huge pop
Feminist investigation of the image of women in mainstream Hollywood films argues that the discursive image of women projected on-screen is internalized by society. Mostly feminist theorization of women in films rests on the image shown of the women in the narration. However, Mulvey’s theorization of psychoanalysis rests on the image of women and theory of “visual pleasure” created through the male gaze. Mulvey uses psychoanalysis theory to show “the way the unconscious of patriarchal society has structured film form.” (833) Consequently, patriarchal influence on films ensures visual pleasure for the male spectators. In other words, films are enjoyable because of “the pleasure of looking” or using Freud’s terminology, “scopophilia” (Mulvey 834-5). Therefore, the women we see on screen are basically what the male protagonists in the movies believe them to be. Female characters are objectified through the male gaze and then projected on a screen for the viewers. This trend remains unchanged even in movies based on strong female protagonists as the primary character (for example femme fatale movies). The movies allow us to see the female characters through male gaze, thus providing a biased, masculine perspective of the female characters. Hence, men in the movies judge the female characters and that is what is captured in the films. I argue that the male protagonists in movies primarily based on the femme fatales are just the vehicle to establish
The problem of side effects of medicines is presented as one of the most complex and ambiguous for medical specialists and patients. Knowledge and analysis of the side effects of medical drugs allow the doctors to choose medication, the benefits of which would significantly outweigh the potential harm to the patient. Drugs A is a medication that has a hypotensive effect. It also contributes to reduction of peripheral vascular resistance. The drug has such side effects as headache, tachycardia, and drowsiness. These effects fall within the expected outcomes. On the other hand, side effects of drug A which are unlikely to manifest due to the low affinity to the muscarinic receptor include increased sweating, increased secretion of salivary and gastric glands, and miosis. The main effect of Drug B is an increase in the level of dopamine in the central nervous system. It is commonly used as an antiparkinsonian remedy. Parkinson’s disease is usually defined as a “neurodegenerative disorder due to gradual loss of dopaminergic nerves in the substantia nigra in the midbrain” (Rabiei et al., 2019, p. 355). The side effects anticipated from the drug are arrhythmia, orthostatic hypotension, and agitation, seeing as dopamine increase tends to cause these effects. Side effects that are unlikely to be present include hypertension and erectile dysfunction. Drug C is a neuroleptic or antipsychotic agent that suppresses higher nervous activity, emotional state, behavior; it is capable of eliminating delusions, hallucinations, and other manifestations of psychosis (Boushra & Nagalli, 2020). It suppresses psychomotor agitation and can be used in the treatment of depression, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder. Thus, its expected side effects are drowsiness, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension. Side effects that a doctor would not expect, based on the actions the drug has at the various receptor binding sites are early menstruation, and alopecia. Drug D is the antiemetic, and the desired effect is manifested by blocking 5-HT3-receptors which suppress the gag reflex. It is used for chemotherapy and control of continuous vomiting of patients. Its most common side effects are constipation, feeling of heat and hot flashes, as well as headache. The least anticipated effects could be nosebleed and dyspnea, as the rates of serotonin reuptake point out. Any medication, from a prescription drug to a vitamin complex, can cause unwanted reactions. Thus, it is important to continuously study and revise even the known drugs to ensure that they provide the desirable effect without causing collateral damage.
Introduction Bangor University is a reputable and a world-class university located in North Wales. The university is home to local students within the U.K and many international students who come from diverse nations. Quality education is an important part of today’s society and hence leading lecturers from the university and other like-minded universities and education institutions have been in the forefront of ensuring that the quality of Education within the country and in their respective institutions is up to standards with the current demands of the global market. If the quality of education offered in tertiary institutions is high and appropriate for the market then the quality of graduates from universities such as B.U. will be very high and appropriate for the market. In achieving quality standards, course work is an important part of B.U.’s curriculum and every term/semester is usually strategically preplanned and scheduled in order to ensure that the academic and practical needs of the student body are well catered for. Having the students needs in mind, lecturers strive to achieve a balanced syllabi that will assist students attain both practical and theoretical expertise by developing programs that involve both writing and presentations on relevant course units/subjects (Noddings 1995, 13). Purpose of the research This report intends to look at the quality of education within B.U and therefore will critically gather data from students of B.U. with the sole intention of taking a look at how lecturers achieve academic goals through setting the appropriate course work syllabus and the various techniques such as exams that are used to evaluate how well students within the Bangor University have learnt throughout the term/semesters. Also course work is important because it can be used to evaluate both students’ performance and lecturers’ input by ranking student performance. Additionally, this research intends to investigate how familiar and effective presentation and writing techniques help students to achieve the objectives of their course work (Kothari 1985, 10). Necessity The research is important because the data gathered from this process can be used by the faculty of B.U. and also the students to improve and carry out any needed changes that may be necessary in the curriculum and syllabus of B.U. The aim of any tertiary institution is to impart knowledge and develop highly competent individuals and therefore this research will shed some light into whether the university curriculum is appropriate for the students studying within B.U. Methodology T
Introduction The decision to downsize the company due to consistent losses made by the company is the only option that can secure a company from potential ruin (Karake, 1999, pp. 31). The process of downsizing should be carried out professionally using the available options that will be acceptable by the management and the company’s employees. It is critical to consider the employee’s emotions and the consequences of the retrenchment process. A company can compensate the employees with a small package or give them advanced notice before releasing them. It is always tricky to achieve a balanced ground when performing the retrenchment process, and it is thus imperative to ensure that the process is done in a legal way. This analysis will critically evaluate the best possible way of dealing with the financial crisis of WMDA for the past couple of years through downsizing. Current situation The current situation in the West Midlands Designers and Architects Ltd. (WMDA) demands an immediate downsizing because of the business situation. The company has been making losses for the past two years, and there is a need to address the company’s problems by reducing the number of employees. There is a need to reduce four of the ten staff members using the most balanced and recommended way. The available options for the business include; last to come first to leave, Package offer for early retirement, merit selection of employees, and selection through employees decision. These options are available for Russell to exploit in order to address the current company’s issues professionally and in a way that is acceptable. The profile of the employees provided gives an appropriate direction for the company’s actions in order to ensure a balanced discharge of employees from their duties. Recommendation Based on the available options and the employee’s details of experience, productivity, commitment, and reliability, there is an appropriate course of action that should be used by the company. The initial way, in this case, is the use of package offer for early retirement. This will be appropriate because it will be accepted by Matt and also viewed generally as an accepted way by the employees. The second option after the release of Matt is the use of merit selection; this option is very appropriate both for the company’s interest and also accepted by the company’s employees. The target here is Hiroshi, he has less commitment to the company as evident by his failures to utilize his excellent contacts with Japanese companies in favor of the company. Simon is the other target by this option, considering the financial crisis of the company, the poor decision-making process by Simon could lead the company to more crises, and hence he should be released off his duties. This merit option will also see Donna released off her duties because of her level of talent and experience, which has not yet received any
Introduction This paper discusses the concept of corporate social responsibility using AstraZeneca Plc. as the case study. Specifically, the paper analyses AstraZeneca’s employees who are part of the company’s stakeholders. This analysis is based on the safety, health, and environment (SHE) program which the company considers as a major component of the corporate social responsibility (Turner 2005, p. 38). The data in this report has been obtained from members responsible for promoting Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in AstraZeneca and also from previous articles and books on corporate social responsibility. Company Background AstraZeneca Plc. was established in 1999 after the merger between Zeneca Group Plc and Astra AB. The corporate headquarters of the company are in the United Kingdom. AstraZeneca Plc was formed with the aim of generating long term growth and value to all the shareholders using the strength from two companies. Currently, AstraZeneca Plc is among the leading combined pharmaceutical companies. AstraZeneca has a strong emphasis on both innovation and research, and on commercial and manufacturing activities. AstraZeneca Plc. produces medicines for treating different ailments such as cancer, infections, pain control, gastrointestinal, and other ailments that affect the central nervous system. The company’s operations are spread in more than one hundred countries while the manufacturing process takes place in twenty countries. Presently, AstraZeneca Plc employs close to 54000 workers globally (Turner 2005, p. 38). Describing Corporate Social Responsibility AstraZeneca Plc defines corporate social responsibility as the efforts and initiatives undertaken by a company in order to facilitate sustainable development. The company takes sustainable development as the ability of a given economic activity to meet the requirements of both the present and future generation. Currently, the company has put in place a lot of effort to improve its corporate social responsibility framework and in order to establish an appropriate technique for implementing and controlling the effectiveness of CSR. This is an indication that the structure for managing corporate responsibility issues has not yet been developed. As a result, much of the work or activities of the company are based on the safety measures that were adopted sometimes back. However, the newly established safety, health, and environment (SHE) program is considered as a major component of the corporate responsibility that the company expects to launch. The program mostly targets the employees of the company who are part of the stakeholders. The executives of the company believe that such a program will go a long way in promoting shareholders’ interests. This is in line with stakeholder theorists who assert that the executives of a given company should ensure that shareholders’ interests are promoted. This should also be done to other groups that may be affected by the activities of the company. The social