ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Studying a human personality is by far one of the most complicated tasks, since it presupposes embracing a number of issues, starting from the factors that the environment in which a person develops in can be characterized, to the values and principles that the person in question was raised in accordance with. That being said, the number of theories of personality is rather large, and it is bound to grow as other factors of personal development are discovered. However, among the ones that already exist, certain theories deserve being taken a better look at. Despite the fact that these theories were provided quite a while ago, they still remain challenging and inspiring. Maslow: Holistic Dynamic Theory Starting from the basics, one must mention that Maslow’s Holistic Dynamic Theory must not be confused with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; even though the two theories have a lot in common, with one of them practically being the logical continuation of another one, there is a basic difference between the two. As Feist and Feist explain, the famous hierarchy of needs makes one of the elements of the Holistic Dynamic Theory; to be more exact, it allows for distilling the key reasons for people being motivated. As for the theory itself, Feist and Feist put it in the following way: “it assumes that the whole person is constantly being motivated by one need or another and that people have the potential to grow toward psychological health, that is, self-actualization” (Feist & Feist, 2008, p. 275). In other words, Holistic Dynamic Theory presupposes that every single step in a person’s development is predisposed by the need in self-actualization, which, in its turn, can be defined as “achieving in action” (Simmermacher, 2005, p. 15). To be more exact, self-actualization is the manifestation of a person’s need to grow and become more experienced, more developed and more sociable. Another way to consider Maslow’s theory is to view it from the position of the argument between determinism and free will. Allowing for the assumption that such concept as destiny might exist, determinism somehow tones down the need for self-actualization specified by Maslow. Indeed, with every single event being predetermined, there is little motivation for striving for personal success. The theory of free ill, however, provides the Holistic Dynamic Theory with more reasons to exact, seeing how both explore the opportunities for personal development. Likewise, self-awareness, which intersects with the concept of self-actualization, also serves as the proof for Holistic Dynamic Theory. Without further evolution, being self-aware, i.e., building awareness of changes in one’s personal needs and the variety of the latter is practically impossible; hence, the need for self-awareness as an integral part of personal growth is defined as a part of Maslow’s concept of the Holistic Dynamics Theory. Truly, Maslow’s theory has its limitations, and most of them are linked to the crit
Purpose Statement This paper is aimed to outline what may account for the positive and negative effects of illegal immigrants’ presence in the U.S. and to evaluate these effects’ significance through the conceptual lenses of Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue-based ethics. Significance During recent years, the issue of illegal immigration to the U.S. has been attaining several strongly controversial subtleties. The reason for this is quite apparent—as of today, the number of illegal immigrants in America is believed to have reached a staggering 12 million. In other words, there is a whole army of undocumented illegals resides in the U.S., which of course causes more and more native-born Americans to wonder about whether the persistence of such a situation is being beneficial to this country, in the first place. Background According to Fogel, before WWI, the demand for unskilled laborers was unmet by U.S. citizens. As such, the Immigration Act of 1924 was established, which promoted the immigration of foreign citizens into the US to meet these requirements, and also created several objective preconditions for foreigners to consider entering America illegally, “When the Immigration Act of 1924 established country of origin quotas, it also established the possibility of large-scale illegal entry to the U.S.” (1977, p. 244). Also, the U.S. government did not provide any legal documents to the immigrants so they could not tell the difference between those who were legal and those who were not. Moreover, the workers did not care about their status, because they believed that they would get it anyway as long as they stayed and worked at the farms or within the industries. Findings Problematic of illegal alien workers in the United States In his article, Fogel provides a historical timeline of illegal immigration to the U.S. According to the author, a bulk of illegal immigrants in the U.S. have traditionally accounted for Mexican border-crossers, who used to come to America in search of seasonal agricultural work. The fact that, throughout the second half of the twentieth century, American policy-makers’ attitudes towards illegal Mexicans have undergone several dramatic transformations, Fogel explains by these policy-makers’ affiliation with the values of Eurocentric rationalism, “Illegal immigration from Mexico has been an integral part of a de facto U.S. policy concerning the use of Mexican labor. Bluntly stated, the de facto policy has been bringing them in when they are needed, send them back when they aren’t” (p. 246). Also, Fogel outlines objective preconditions for the number of illegal Mexicans in the U.S. to continue increasing exponentially: the sheer rate of Mexicans’ fertility, the fact that many American employers are being objectively interested in hiring il
Serial killers commit a lot of crimes during their active years. Previously it was rather difficult to catch them because professionals were not focused on their psychology and did not realize the values of profiling. Still, with the course of time, they started to identify similarities in victims and the way they were killed as well as resorted to the improved technologies, which enhanced this process greatly. Among those serial killers who were caught in the period of rapid development of the forensic science was Tommy Lynn Sells. He was also widely known as Cost to Cost Killer, who was active for about 20 years starting from 1979. Tommy was born along with his twin sister in 1964. The girl died from meningitis being less than 2 years old, and their mother, Nina, sent Sells to live with his aunt, Bonnie. His father remains unknown even though it is supposed that he could have been William Sells or Joe Levins. However, when Bonnie started the adoption process after taking care of a child for 3 years, Tommy’s mother took him away (Contributor). Nina was indifferent and did not care about her son much, so he turned into a troublemaker. She allowed him to live with Willis Clark, a man who groomed him, when he was only 8 years old. The man molested him, which affected Tommy negatively. In the future, he referred to his abusive experiences and used them on his victims. Being just 11 years old, he already consumed alcohol and drugs, tried to rape his mother and consulted a psychiatrist. In three years, he left home. Sells was arrested several times and jailed, but his real crimes became known only in 2000. Sells killed his first victim being only 15 years old. Having seen a man sexually abusing a boy, he became mad and murdered him out of rage (Whitney). Such behavior could be explained by his personal experience. Still, he did not stop killing. A lot of his victims remained unknown, but the identities of some of them were revealed. In 1985, Tommy lived in Missouri. He was working at a carnival where he met Ena Courdt and her little son. That night he beat them to death with a baseball bat. According to Sells, the woman invited him to her house and tried to rob him after having sex, which made him very angry. However, it seemed that he followed them, raped Ena, and then killed both. In two years, Tommy moved to Illinois. There, he broke into the house of Keith and Elaine Dardeen (Gauen). The man was shot in a field. His genital was mutilated, which can be explained by Sells’s perception of men who abuse children. Elaine and her two kids were found in bed. They all were beaten to death. In addition to that, the woman was raped. What is more critical, she was pregnant and gave birth to the girl in the presence of Tommy. It is still not clear how he managed to get into the family’s house. In 1992, Sells was found in Virginia. He raped a woman who had obviously considered him to be a simple homeless individual and wanted to take him home to feed him. Tommy stabbed and beat her with a piano stool w
Introduction Vancomycin resistant Enteroccocci Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) is one of the major concerns of scientists. Resistance is a strategy adopted by many microorganisms to survive against adverse environmental barriers. Many laboratory techniques are available to detect resistance. This research paper compares two selective for isolation of VRE from Stool Specimens (SS). Transmission of VRE is a problematic health care issue. For the past 15 years, severe infections clinically led to high prevalence rates globally. The bacterium Enterococcus Faecium is considered as the commensal of gastrointestinal tract and is responsible for opportunistic infections in seriously unhygienic individuals (1). Opportunistic infections are of special concern in patients with poor immunity since this microbe has become an important pathogenic agent for nosocomial infections in the past two decades (1). Various studies have reported the animal-derived and human Enterococci Faecium which isolates using techniques like multilocus sequence typing that indicated the role of genetic lineage CC17 in hospital based infections (1).With this, the severity of infections has gained momentum. Hence, in order to delay the spread of this microbe preventive strategies are drawing the attention of health care professionals in hospitals. Disease causing potential Identification of non-infected but gut inhabited individuals is an important aspect of health care strategies in treating and preventing spread and development of infections with regard to the control measures such as tests and monitoring. The approach related to identification of gut-inhabited individuals aimed at detecting the potential threat would indicate the VRE spreads from these patients. Therefore, identification of microbe seems important for the control of infection (1). Fecal specimens were selected for the detection of VRE as it is considered essential for the vancomycin-resistant enterococi, follow up of epidemiological infectious disease and nosocomial prevention measures (2). The studies are aimed at comparison of different characteristics of bacteria revealed that when ChromID VRE medium is compared to the bile esculin agar, which is a modified medium, ChromID VRE, is proved to be the ideal medium for rapid detection of vancomycin-resistant microbes such as E. faecalis and E. faecium (2). This reaction occurs because earlier no proper standardized consensus was set for methodology and its precise application where vancomycin concentration and medium base was described (2). Culture based methods: ChromID VRE (C-ID) and CHRO Magar VRE (CHR) media The current paper is based on a comparative study conducted using the data about the characteristics of the medium between chromID VRE (C-ID) medium and CHRO Magar VRE (CHR) medium. This has been done taking into consideration the media’s potential in facilitating the identification of VRE from clinical stool specimens, the stable color of colony and
Introduction It can be stated that there is hardly an issue of social development which attracts more attention from the world like globalization. Despite being mostly associated with economy and foreign trade, such topic attract scientists from different disciplines, including economists, political scientist, sociologists and others. One of the important aspects of globalization can be related to the filed of ecology and environment. The threat of irreversible destruction of the environment is impending over our planet, the consequences of which can be tragic. Globalization, in that regard, might have a dual role in such aspects. On the one hand, globalization intensifies such threat through intensifying the development of industries and transportations – two important sources of pollution. On the other hand, globalization implies the provision of means to manage ecological threats. In Beyond Sovereignty (2009), two chapters focus on ecological interdependence, environmental problems, and the role of globalization. The present paper will attempt to provide a critical analysis of those chapters, Teng Margaret Fu (2009) and Pirages and Runci (2009), providing a parallel to the case of Burma after the cyclone Nargis, which was outlined in an online documentary by Williams and Williams (2009). Ecological Interdependence Understanding the term ecological interdependence can be facilitated if the video on Burma was considered as an illustrative example, title “this is the way it happened”. The latter will be specifically beneficial, considering that some of the examples in Pirages and Runci (2009) are linked to previous historical periods. The theme that was chosen to explain ecological interdependence is the theme of infectious diseases. Ecological interdependence was defined as “the growth and maintenance of a delicate network of relationships among these organisms and between them and the sustaining of physical environment” (Pirages and Runci 269). Thus, it is argued in Pirages and Runci (2009) that the occurrence and the transfer of rare infectious diseases are caused by the disruption of the system of ecological interdependence. There are several reasons cited for the disruption of such a system. Most of such reasons are related to people coming int
Summary of the case study The increase in dependency on fossil fuel and other non renewable energy sources is facing challenges because of environmental concerns and economic reasons. Fossil fuel releases green house gases and is prone to price fluctuations while hydroelectric power is dependent on environmental conditions. Many countries are looking for alternative energy sources that are renewable cleaner and independent from price fluctuations. Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy are the main renewable sources of energy. This paper gives a summary of the renewable energy sources that two students contemplated and researched after finishing their graduate school. Issues presented in the case study The issues presented in this case were mainly concerned with the energy demands in Ontario. The need for the electricity supply mix to be replaced was the main issues that brought about the aspect of alternative energy sources. Large and Berkeley found out that renewable energy source was the way to go since other energy sources presented economic problems, environmental problems and scarcity. They did an analysis of the different renewable energy sources and discovered that they could only venture into the renewable energy source that used the technology which they were best suited to capitalize on. A renewable energy source such as geothermal is pretty cheap but requires a lot of capital in order to establish its economic viability. Solar photovoltaic energy also requires a relatively large amount of capital although the standard offer price is pretty cheaper than some of the other sources. Analysis of the case study Large and Berkeley provides several different analysis of their research. They tabulate their data to compare between all the renewable energy that they researched on. There is also an analysis of the different energy sources that supply energy in Ontario. In an analysis of 2005 energy sources, it is evident that nuclear energy was the dominant en
The video revisits the survivor of San Francisco’s 80’s AIDS epidemic. It was a devastating occurrence among gay communities, which led to thousands of deaths. In addition, the video addresses the issue of stigmatization of AIDS among gay people, which prevalent in the 1980s (PBS NewsHour, 2012). Many anti-homosexual individuals saw the AIDS epidemic as a “punishment” for the given sexual minorities, which is a primary example of AIDS stigmatization and discrimination. The most interesting feature of the video is the fact that gay communities have a strong sense of unity and solidarity towards both other gay people and the rest of the population. In addition, it was interesting to see that even though the acts of discrimination were prevalent, it was not as harsh and widespread as I was expecting. It is probably due to the location being San Francisco. The video is related to the concept of discrimination against homosexual individuals and stigmatization of people with AIDS. I can improve myself by stopping exerting unnecessary amounts of fear and caution when interacting with people with AIDS. Currently, stigmatization and discrimination of people living with AIDS are quite common in society, especially in the male part, but these phenomena are latent (Misir, 2015). There is an inverse correlation between the level of knowledge on AIDS and the severity of stigma and discrimination. HIV-infected people are subject to both external and internal stigma. Stigmatization phenomena are also present in the medical environment, in particular, there is such an emotional manifestation of external stigma as a fear of possible infection, which can affect the quality of medical services for HIV-positive patients (Misir, 2015). Overcoming stigma in the system of medical care for HIV-infected patients can be helped by an increase in the level of knowledge on AIDS, as well as an increase in the level of social guarantees for medical workers.
Introduction A virtual police is a national policing intelligence unit which is responsible for combating crimes (Jenkins 66). The unit also investigates and addresses issues that are causing unrest to the population. History This policing unit is believed to have started some years back. It is suggested that, the unit has been in existence for almost 55 years. The farmers decided to come together and form a police unit that will keep a watch in the county. The unit had different departments upon which the responsibilities were allocated. These departments were organized and managed by the farmers who first gained access to the unit. The unit had its systems of making laws where specialists in law were allocated this responsibility. The existing farmers started bringing their friends on board where they were to work as constables in the department. They were hired on the basis of whom you know basis but not on merit basis. The move was locking out competent individuals who could have filled the strategic positions in the department. The unit had not gained acceptance from the state police until some years back when the state recognized it. The acceptance brought to an end friction which was in existence between the virtual police and the state police. It is estimated that 20 years down the line, the state police has gained confidence about the validity of the unit. They have started interacting in their operations with an aim of promoting peace and security. Beginning of issues According to history, some of the constables in the unit were recruited by their farmer friends. Some of these inexperienced constables were entrusted with duties of running the department. This set in a number of issues which since then had affected the department to greater heights. To start with, the presence of these constables changed how the laws were made and implemented in the department. Before, laws were made and enforced by experienced staffs but the newly hired staffs had no experience in law making process and subsequently enforcing. This led to primitive ways of enforcing the laws. Secondly, a change on how the department was run contributed addition issues. In general, the change ways of running the department and enforcement of laws, has created a highway for perpetrating corruption. The officers became continually corrupt especially in the cities where the unit’s police were deployed to take control. They used to harass individuals with an aim of extorting money inform of bribes. This blurred the image of the unit to an extent it was disrespected by the state. In addition, the officers were not subjected to a formal education which could have improved their way of living. Those responsible with encouraging the formal education frustrated the move instead. This took another direction since 1990s where the constables were recommended to pursue certain courses at least to gain knowledge in that field. This was c
Introduction In this article, Steven Chafee and Miriam Metzger argue that the term “mass communication” in the modern world is losing significance because a new area, called the media, has emerged due to technological developments. According to the two authors, mass communication is no longer an accurate description of communication in the present situation due to the increased rate of development in computing and information technologies. These developments took place in the 20 th century while new changes are expected in the 21 st century. As such, they argue that there is a debate on whether the term “mass communication” should be replaced with the term “media”, in order to embrace a description of all these technologies. In their thesis, the authors attempt to address the question on whether mass communication is a purely 20 th century phenomenon that is also a fleeting idea. In addition, they address the question on whether the new paradigm should be a focal point in communication during the 21 st Century if the term “mass communication” is dropped altogether (Baran, Davis and Davis 63). In this context, it is clear that the two authors have noted a significant change in terminologies, which is a result of technological developments in information and communication technology. With the development of computer-based communication technologies, the university should focus on this issue in determining the impact of technological changes on mass communication and the need to change the courses offered at the Lindenwood University’s School of Mass communication. How does the change in terminology affect Lindenwood University Mass Communication? Chafee and Metzger based their arguments on the need to include internet and allied technologies in the new topic of mass communication. Since internet-based communication cannot fit in the term “mass communication”, it is necessary to shift the terminology by eliminating the term “mass” and replacing it with a new term- the “media”. First, Lindenwood University needs to focus on the inclusion of internet and computer based technologies as a form of communication. The university has integrated many new technologies in its curriculum over the last few decades. Therefore, the terminology “school of mass communication” should be replaced with a new name “School of media and communication technology”. By adopting a new name, the university will create a new perception among students and the public that it incorporates the new knowledge in technology. By retaining its old name “school of mass communication”, it creates a notion that it primarily offers some courses based on the old model that only included