ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
E-government is the abbreviation for electronic government. It is normally enhanced by the use of the internet. The internet was initially used for administrative and communication purposes by large organizations including the military and after it were found to be effective, most governments are employing it because it provides the fastest means of service delivery and communication. This report explains the logic behind e-government and the risks involved. As explained above e-government allows the government to communicate with its citizens at the touch of a button. Additionally it allows people to access government services faster as opposed to previous decades when people had to make long lines in government offices. For instance, the Dubai government has successfully implemented an e-government portal t6hat enable its citizens to access almost everything that the government has to offer through the internet. This is due to their reliable website. Before the adoption of e-governance in countries where government offices were centrally located in one major city people had to travel from upcountry in order to get government services. Cordella argues that the frequent traveling consumed a lot of time and money because sometimes one had to spend several days in the city and suppose one does not have a relative who can host him/her for a few days money would then be spent to pay for accommodation (266). E-governance was introduced with the aim of improving government’s performance, and to be sincere the performance has greatly improved because nowadays one can get a passport in one day because the process of making a passport has been computerized. From another perspective e-governance has reduced governments spending on hiring new employees because most tasks require minimal human operations and thus few employees are required to work in government offices. Besides, from the day that e-governance was integrated into government the human errors that were very common in government offices have drastically reduced. Governments use e-governance to convey information to the general public concerning different issues such as public holidays among many others while on the other hand it uses the same platform to get feedback from the public in form of compliments and problems that are encountered by the public while using the computerized systems. The feedback is then to make corrections where necessary to make e-governance to be even much better. According to Kushchu and Kuscu, most people prefer to get government services through the internet because it can never be biased since the computer applications simply process the provided information, unlike humans who offer their services based on ethnicity and some demand for bribes before they serve you (257). E-governance has really solved some problems in governance. For instance, electronic voting which allows voters to cast their votes online reduces the chances of irregularities in elections because onc
Issues of clinical nursing expertise and clinical wisdom have been found to play an important role in ensuring the delivery of quality patient care. Nursing expertise and clinical wisdom are influenced by individual-level factors such as nurse’s years of experience and level of education (McHugh & Lake, 2010), as well as contextual factors such as the educational and experience levels of coworkers, motivation and engagement, and the nursing practice environment (Uhrenfeldt & Hall, 2007). The present paper discusses several issues related to nursing expertise and clinical wisdom with the view of demonstrating the level of understanding and experience with the concepts. Expertise in Nursing Clinical expertise has been defined in the literature as a crossbreed of practical and theoretical knowledge that enables the clinically competent nursing professional to show an intuitive capability to not only make critical clinical decisions efficiently but also to understand the whole nature of any given condition or situation (McHugh & Lake, 2010). These authors argue that “expertise influences nurses’ clinical judgment and quality of care and develops when a nurse tests and refines both theoretical and practical knowledge in actual clinical situations” (p. 277). Nurses are expected to develop these skills and capabilities as they progress through the five expertise levels proposed by Benner, Tanner, and Chesla (2009), from novice nurses (entry-level) to expert nursing professionals. From the perspective of nursing practice, an expert nurse can be characterized as a nurse professional who has developed the theoretical and practical capability to recognize unexpected clinical outcomes or potential problems before they occur and address them at the earliest convenience due to a deep understanding of the whole situation. This characterization is similar to Benner’s description of an expert nurse, particularly in terms of demonstrating an intuitive grasp of each situation (theoretical and practical knowledge), diagnosing and addressing the problems without wasteful consideration of unfruitful or unproductive alternatives (efficiency and convenience), and exhibiting the highest analytic ability to be able to understand situations and contexts from a holistic perspective (Benner et al., 2009). Advanced beginner and competent nurses need to be supported and facilitated to progress through the clinical expertise ladder. For example, nurses in these expertise levels need to be exposed to more training and education opportunities so that they can develop the speed and flexibility needed in clinical decision making. Additionally, health
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) CAPM is a financial formula used to compute the anticipated return on an investment. The formula considers three variables. These are the Risk Free Rate, Expected Market Return and the Asset Beta. The Asset Beta is a proxy for the variability in the investment’s returns. The CAPM formula is: R a = r f + ß a (r m- r f ) The return on the asset is obtained by adding the risk premium to the risk free rate. The risk premium is obtained by deducting the risk free rate from the expected market returns then multiplying the result by the asset beta. Investors use CAPM to determine the minimum return they can accept on an investment. The message conveyed by this formula is that they should demand returns for taking the risk associated with the investment. The second part of the formula reflects this message. The first part on the other hand portrays the basic return demanded for holding investors money. This risk free rate depends on the amount of money and the length of time the investment will retain this money. CAPM shows corporations how investors determine the return demanded on their investment. Usually, return is expressed in terms of interest rate. CAPM also explains to corporations why they may receive higher or lower interest rates than their counterparts. This is so because a company with a higher beta will obviously be charged a higher interest rate than one with a lower beta. Therefore, corporations that know their beta can estimate their projected cost of capital for the investment in question. Corporations are also able to work on the factors that increase their beta. Reducing their beta in effect reduces their cost of capital. Advantages of AMSC’s Equity Financing vs. Debt Financing Equity financing involves calling on investors to provide the required capital by purchasing shares. The advantage of this is that the corporation avoids the obligation to repay the money. Shareholders will expect returns in terms of dividends rather than loan repayment. Unlike debt financing where regular repayments have to be made, no repayment is made in equity financing. This is important in cases where the company is experiencing or expecting problems with their cash flow. The additional burden of debt repayment can destroy a company with cash-flow difficulty. In such cases, equity financing is best. Equity financing has no impact on the company’s credit rating. When a company uses debt financing and delays or fails to repay, their credit rating is reduced. This lowers their chances of obtaining another loan and increases the subsequent interest rates. In addition, equity financing eliminates the cost of interest. It also eliminates any penalty due on default. Equity financing can also come with valuable investors. Su
The process of budgeting is never precise because the amounts budgeted either fall short or exceed the needed amount. This happens when the budgeting team overestimates or underestimates the expected expenditure. Some organizations, especially government agencies and non-profit organizations, tend to increase their spending budgets. It is termed as ‘use it or lose it’ and can adversely hurt the organization. The process diverts the organization’s objectives because the extra spending is not to add value but to avoid a reduction in the amount of the next budget. The ‘use it or lose it’ budget practice encourages unethical and unproductive spending, which affects an organization negatively. Spending that has no objectives questions the ethical stand and integrity of an organization, therefore, portraying a negative image of the organization. It also shows no professionalism in the undertakings and dealings towards the achievement of its objectives. All this puts the organization at the risk of losing relevance because the image is portrayed through unplanned spending. ‘Use it or lose it’ encourages wasteful culture within the organization. It will create a tendency where finances will not be utilized appropriately, therefore, hindering the productivity of the agency or organization. The negative impacts ‘use it or lose it’ has on the organization create the need to address the issues and develop a solution. Therefore, policymakers should develop ways that budgets have no deficits to reduce the chances of extra spending. The management should critically analyze costs to avoid miscalculations and provide value for every money spent. Monitoring of the process ensures that every expenditure is provided by the budget and should be put in place to guarantee accountability. And finally, a competent and reliable budget team that can come up with a budget that is not overvalued should be put in place. The team solves the main problem because, with such a team, overspending to level up the budget is mitigated.
Introduction The recent phenomenon in all industries is a continued shift towards adopting e-commerce as a business strategy in order to compete effectively and still achieve business objectives. E-commerce is generally described as the act of buying and selling services and commodities through electronic means i.e. internet. Being an aspect of e-business that can be looked at as a business strategy that firms are adopting in carrying out most of the business obligations, e-business has been looked at as one way that e-business can be implemented by business firms. E-commerce has changed perspectives in terms of jobs in various sectors such as agriculture (Slovenia, 2001), as well as investments. The agricultural industry in New Zealand gives a typical case study that can be used to analyze the effects of e-commerce on any industry’s growth. When it is projected that e-commerce will significantly change the shape of business-to-business trade in the agricultural industry in New Zealand, several approaches can be used to analyze the possible effects. Although it is possible to analyze the impacts of e-commerce on agriculture, data and information sufficient to do this may not be available, and this hampers the analysis (The International Development Research Center, n.d.). This only represents a fraction of the limitations of such an analysis. An analysis can be done to the decision-makers in the industry, agricultural and food products, business processes, firms as well as the interaction that results in the marketplaces, the structure of the market and the overall change in the economy due to the changes in the agricultural industry being witnessed. A workable plan to analyze the effects may be proposed to follow the following steps:   * Technology level and network externalities   * Business process level   * Market level and intermediation   * Role of government Change in Technology level and network externalities To analyze the effects of e-commerce in the agricultural industry in New Zealand, an examination of the changes in the technology right from the point of production to the point of selling of the commodities to the consumers. While looking through this approach, it is possible to find out how the e-business has enables interrelation of different firms with each other in matters concerning sharing of information, the level at which consumers have been allowed to engage in businesses with the firms electroni
Background: Challenges and Opportunities of a School Teacher in Taiwan Environmental issues have been on the agenda of the citizens of Taiwan for several decades (Kao, Kao, & Tsai, 2017). Because of the increasingly fast pace of industrialization coupled with little to no concern for its effects on the environment, the pollution levels, and the related issues have become notorious in the state (Kao et al., 2017). Therefore, introducing students to the essential information about the strategies for preventing further aggravation of the environmental scenario in Taiwan, as well as protecting themselves from the threats of pollution, must be recognized as crucial tasks. Activity: Description, Progress, and Essential Lessons Learned To encourage independence and curiosity in learners, a team project was used as the key activity that was supposed to spur their enthusiasm to investigate the problem. The participants were encouraged to utilize all available resources, including books, scholarly articles, and trustworthy Internet sites. Apart from teaching the target population about environmental concerns, the specified activity promoted active collaboration and, thus, taught the students the importance of working in teams. Therefore, the development of qualities such as the ability to cooperate, manage information, and address possible conflicts was spurred in the students. At the end of the project, the teams had to deliver a presentation with a poster that detailed a particular phenomenon, process, or solution to an environmental issue. Links to the Environmental Health and the Course The activity described above was linked directly to the course and the essential information about environmental health, in general, as well as some of the problems associated with it, such as high pollution levels caused by the increasingly fast pace of industrialization. They were shedding light on the factors that have contributed to the pollution of the Taiwanese environment allowed showcasing the importance of understanding the causes of an environmental problem for its further elimination. Moreover, the case under analysis allowed detailing the steps ne
The movie was a cinematic biography of Niccolo Paganini, an Italian composer of the 19 th century. The film centers on an excerpt from his life, concerning the man’s rise to fame, life in London, and the gradual decline of his career. At the beginning of the movie, the audience is informed that the main character has made a contract with the devil. His reckless behavior and womanizing nature bring misfortune to him and those around him, but the budding relationship the man has with the story’s love interest helps him reflect on his sins. One of the notable details about the production is its fantastical nature, and the steep exaggeration it uses to portray some of its characters. The motifs of supernatural powers and divine intervention are established early on and assist in contextualizing the behaviors and actions of the main character. The main point of the story is understandable if one were to suspend their disbelief. The setting of the movie changed throughout its runtime, but the majority of the film is set in London. Its misty streets and rowdy crowds amplify the feelings of both business and mystique. The central point of the movie was a moral exploration of the main character. Paganini was a talented artist, a prodigy, a genius that gave away his soul in exchange for recognition. The audience gets to see the consequences of his actions, the gritty, immoral life the man leads, the vices he indulges in daily. The film’s presentation makes the watcher question whether his existence is tainted by the devil’s influence, or is it just that the man was like this from the start. Various characters interact with him, play off of his nature, and bring a point of comparison to the protagonist. I think that the ultimate goal of the movie was to show the tragic existence of a genius drowning in worldly desires and sin, as well as his gradual redemption. Although the movie does not portray the main character in a positive light, Niccolo’s genuine (but futile) attempts to put his life on track show character growth. The film ends on a sympathetic note and makes the audience ponder on the nature of goodness, free will, and morality. In regards to characters, I think that the movie had moderate success in bringing them to life. While many of the side characters do not have a lot of screentime, their basic characteristics are displayed, and many of them appear more sympathetic than the main character. The lead, Niccolo Paganini was largely unlikeable at the beginning of the movie, treating the ones around him with disregard. He plays around, spending all of his time in the cas
In this paper I would like to analyze the novel The House on Mango Street, written by Sandra Cisneros and the short story The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry . In particular, it is necessary to discuss the themes, explored by two authors. It seems that these literary works show how love of one’s family can help a person overcome many of his/her difficulties, like poverty or inability to raise one’s social status. The importance of family is one of the main issues, present in each of these works. The characters of O. Henry’s story live beyond poverty line: James and Della have “one dollar and eighty-seven cents” at their possession, and they have to save money on everything in effort to make ends meet (O. Henry, unpaged). The same thing can be said about Esperanza and her family, who have to sleep in a single room. However, one sh
Individual-based pay underscores a payment system whereby workers are remunerated according to their performance. One of the most outstanding advantages of individual-based pay is that it motivates employees to increase their performance (Rynes, Gerhart & Parks 2005). Increased employee performance translates into improved organizational operations, which then leads to good returns. Besides, individual-based pay is the best avenue to rewarding hardworking employees. In the organizational setting, some employees are sluggish, while others are industrious, and thus remunerating them uniformly amounts to unfairness to the hardworking individuals. Moreover, this form of remuneration increases competition. If workers are to be paid based on their performance, then it follows that they will become competitive in a bid to earn extra money. This form of competition amongst employees implies that the organization that they work for becomes competitive too. In the long term, the organization becomes competitive in its industry of operation, thus increasing its returns. Conventionally, the essence of doing business is to make profits, and employees’ competitiveness results in increased returns, thus fulfilling an organization’s objectives. Additionally, individual-based pay offers an equitable distribution of compensation. As aforementioned, it amounts to injustice and unfairness to remunerate employees uniformly irrespective of their performance. Therefore, paying employees according to their performance restores justice and fairness, hence the equitable distribution of compensation. Finally, individual-based pay is suitable for a capitalistic and individualistic culture. Individualism and capitalism hold that individuals should earn what they get, and thus individual-based pay underscores the best way through which companies can accomplish this philosophy in any workplace setting. Nevertheless, irrespective of the many advantages associated with individual-based pay, the system attracts several demerits. Employees can resort to unethical competition in a bid to earn extra pay (Rose 2011). For instance, employees can start fighting over clients, thus tainting the reputation of an organization. Also, employees might resort to sabotage in a bid to hinder their colleagues’ performance. These unethical practices affect the overall organisational performance, which leads to poor returns. In such working environment, employees are normally demotivated as they view each other as enemies, and thus they do not look forward to going to work. A demotivated workforce translates into poor or mediocre organisational performance, which can lead to bankruptcy or closure of a company due to non-performance. Moreover, individual-based pay can breed mistrust between workers and the management. Conventionally, trust should be the defining factor between employees and employers’ relationships. Mutual understanding should complement the trust developed between the two parties. However, in individual-based pay, employees are seen as moneymaking machines, which should operate optimally to benefit the company. Such a perception
Mountain Biking This is risk management plan for mountain biking on different routes that include public roads and fire trails. Trip overview and description The mountain Biking trip shall take place in Hartland “The Dump”, which is an 80 kilometer route in Vancouver Island-British Columbia. The route has been ranked among the best for mountain biking in Canada, and enjoys a general rating of 6 out of 10. The group shall undertake about 40 km each day; making the trip a 2 day outing to and fro. The groups will travel by bike during the day and by night; the campus bus will be used for transport (Crouhy, 2005). Groups’ goals and objectives The groups’ goals and objectives should include:   * To promote team effort and cooperation during the mountain biking exercise.   * To master the mountain trail   * To have fun and keep fit during the trip.   * And finally, to complete the biking trail within the designated time. Participant descriptions In order to be considered for the trip, the participants must satisfy the following requirements:   * Be between the ages of 18 and 25   * Physically and mentally sound   * Must have prior experience in mountain biking and considerable skills in biking that shall be determined by the leaders Leadership The activity leader must have undergone the Canadian Outdoor Leadership Certification Initiative (COLCI) training program and attained a Leadership Level 3 Certification (LL3). The leader should also display and have documented experience in mountain biking. He/ she should be of sound mind and judgment, with commendable analytical skills and interpretation. For one to qualify for leadership, he/she should also have the following abilities:   * Have deep understanding of the area to be covered   * Show proficiency in map and compass interpretation   * Should also have scout bush-survival skills, like be able to make fires in harsh weather and use bush resources to determine location.   * Experience in supervision as large groups require constant monitoring.   * Display skills in search and rescue emergencies in case need be.   * Be an expert in bike maintenance and set up.   * Have recognizable leadership skills that students being guided can follow without doubt. Leadership demands a certain degree of expertise above the normal bikers; therefore the leader should be an expert biker with a full understanding of the terrain. Lastly he/she should be physically fit to accommodate the stres