ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
High-profile cases of Catholic priests abusing children and early adolescents have made headlines in recent times and resulted in huge financial settlements for the churches involved. The victims are often males between 11 and 18 years (Blasi and Oviedo 1). Many years ago, cases of the abuses were kept secret by the civil authorities, but during that time and some years later, fellow priests and bishops of the offenders also joined in on the cover-up. However, recently when the church lost its credibility in its claims on sexual ethics, most notably regarding contraceptives and homosexuality, these priests and their congregation could no longer keep quiet (Blasi and Oviedo 1). Even when they talked about the abuses, the church still protected them from exposure. The Catholic Church has concealed the perversions of its priests and, in turn, condemned their victims to drug addiction, strained sexual relationships and disturbed sexual behavior, loss of their belief in God, and painful flashbacks. The ignorance of the church and failure to report pedophile priests to authorities so they can be prosecuted is one of the major reasons that so many children still suffer sexual abuse. The church protects the pedophiles and will even go as far as to buy the silence of the victims to save face. Sexual abuse has tremendous effects on children as it destroys their faith in God and kills their souls and innocence. Pedophile priests should not be called men of God since they do not portray His actions, and the church’s ignorance is unacceptable. The film, La mala educación , on which this article is based, reminds its viewers of the all too vivid atrocities of the Catholic Church’s sexual offense cases and its long-term consequences. The film is filled with lively, comical scenes with funny dialogue lines that are exceptionally conveyed by its main character, Gael Garcia Bernal (Almodóvar). Bernal plays three characters, and to each one, he brings a level of depth and reality. The theme of child sexual abuse is well documented in the film with various scenes. For instance, Bernal’s transvestite character, Zahara, returns to her former childhood school to confront Father Manolo, the priest who molested her as a boy (Almodóvar). Director Pedro Almodovar, thus, utilizes the film to expose the rot and hypocrisy in the Catholic Church. The cover-ups of abuses enab
Introduction Large business organizations face numerous challenges in the contemporary world. Two main challenges affect the growth process and making of profits in a business, which include globalization and competition. In the wake of globalization, companies are seeking to extend their operations to different regions across the world. Therefore, globalization has its challenges to the business whereby expansion to new locations increases the management risk; on the other hand, it poses competition challenges to local business organizations. On the other side, even without globalization, competition from rival companies has been a challenge to most businesses as they strive to claim a share of the existent market. Williams-Sonoma’s growth process has been challenged by globalization, especially through Internet marketing and by other foreign businesses in the country, which have posed competitive challenges to the business. However, it has high chances of overcoming the challenges, as highlighted in this paper. If the Williams-Sonoma continues with its present strategies and objectives, where will it be in five years Williams-Sonoma Corporation has been experiencing steady growth process since its inception in 1953. Notably, the highest growth of the corporation can be defined in terms of product development and market coverage across the United States. The corporation’s leadership remained under Charles E. Williams, the founder and the corporation’s director, until 2003. The director was focused on high growth rate of the company coupled with the attainment of competitive advantage over its competitors through product pricing and development. He was a growth-focused leader who helped the corporation to attain large market coverage in the country as well as introducing various products that target different customer genres. Williams’ successors have also played a major role in the attainment of the corporation’s competitive advantage in the contemporary competitive world of business. The company’s strengths are on products and market strategies, which form the basic requirements of competitive strengths of a business. The company has adopted online marketing and selling as a modernized competitive strategy. The world is experiencing a new wave of globalization and in five years’ time, the corporation will have increased its market coverage to global markets given that it is a growth-focused entity (Mi
The essay under analysis is called “Society is Dead: We Have Retreated into the world” written by Andrew Sullivan. The main purpose of this essay is to raise social awareness about the modern phenomenon of intentional isolation self-inflicted by the majority of our contemporaries these days. The author points out that the heavy use of personal devices such as smartphones or MP3 players deprives us of some pleasures essential for social creatures. Sullivan starts his essay with an observation of the modern New York City and social life there. The author makes a claim that seems paradoxical; he states that the famous crazy night life there is quieter, and in the daylight it becomes clear why. Sullivan describes a typical scene one may witness in basically any big and developed city of our planet. The author notices that the looks of the pedestrians are vacant and that no one is focused on anything external. People are preoccupied being too self-absorbed while life is boiling around them. The main purpose of the essay is to point out how much a person is a mission out on while aimlessly listening to music and adding a personal soundtrack to their life. The author bitterly notes that one of the main features and pleasures of music used to be the fact that it was a shared experience, while today everyone is listening to their music making up their play lists. Focusing on music distributed to our ears through white wires of our iPods, we intentionally make ourselves deaf towards everything around us. The author finds this rather sad. Sullivan raises a very popular point for contemporary society – the issue of isolation. Technological progress made the world quicker and easier to access, communication and staying connected are the main focuses of the modern people, yet, the rates of experienced loneliness and social isolation these days are higher than decades ago. Describing the world around us perceived by a mind cleared from music the author is not trying to oversell it. Sullivan depicts rather day-to-day scenes such as the chattering of a child or a funny dialogue overheard in a crowded place. The author employs simple, yet descriptive language to artistically demonstrate that the sounds of our own thoughts and the noises of the city can be more melodic than the music in our headphones. The author employs epithets and metaphors to create a stronger connection with the reader. The points made my Sullivan are very clear and are delivered successfully. His language is clever, yet accessible and sometimes colloquial for easier understanding of any reader. The problem discussed in the essay is popular and contemporary. The author offers a fresh perspective on our everyday routine and
Introduction The presented case describes the rapid changes experienced in Hanston Township. The population has become diverse due to the increasing level of immigrants to the community. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the case study. It also examines the weaknesses and strengths of every committee member and presents appropriate criteria for recruiting new individuals. Case Summary Hanston Township is currently facing a crisis attributable to the changing demographics. The town has seen numerous changes such as new apartments, increasing population, and emerging social needs. The mayor has realized that Hanston requires expanded services such as health care and education ( The Hanston Township crisis, n.d.). This rapid change has compelled the mayor to appoint a committee of experts. Background and Experience of Each Member The established committee has five individuals who are tasked with identifying specific areas that require immediate attention. Dr. Richard George has a medical background. He is white and politically conservative. He has witnessed every change in Hanston. Allyson Shel has a Bachelor of Arts in Literature and the Arts. She understands women’s needs. She is white and religious. Tommy Grange is a High School graduate who is against the decision to have a residence for mentally retarded persons ( The Hanston Township crisis, n.d.). Langston Krup has a doctorate and used to be Hanston Middle School’s principal. He is religious, divorced, and liberal. Risa Lowry is white and politically moderate. She operates a local restaurant and raises funds to help the needy. Strengths George is religious and understands the issues affecting Hanston. He is aware of the dental health needs of the people. Shel is informed about women’s needs. She is also the President of the Women’s Society. Grange has adequate skills in automobile repair. He is also aware of the issues affecting the people of Hanston ( The Hanston Township crisis, n.d.). Krup is educated, politically liberal, and religious. He understands the needs of different learners. Lowry knows how to support the demands of the needy. Weaknesses George does not comprehend the desires of Hanston’s diverse population. He is also politically conservative. Shel is unable to address men’s demands. Her conservativeness is a weakness that should be analyzed carefully. Grange is against the welfare of mentally retarded people. He does not have adequate education ( The Hanston Township crisis, n.d.). Krup is unaware of different families’ needs since he is divorced. Lowry’s education level can affect her effectiveness. Criteria for New Committee Member Consideration Various attributes should be considered to establish a team that shares ideas and focuses on every existing problem (Nancarrow
Autocratic or Authoritarian Leadership The main advantage of this management type is that strict supervision and clear-cut direction allow making quick decisions and initiate prompt actions of the employees. When the group’s leader is the most experienced team member, the authoritarian style helps to make timely and efficient decisions (Cherry, What Is Autocratic Leadership? ). A strong leader employing the autocratic style may be demanding, but he/she knows how to achieve the best results and how to organize the team’s work so that everyone knows his/her duties (Chand). In stressful situations, such type is beneficial as the employees do not need to worry about making the decisions. Another strength of the authoritarian style is that the team members may concentrate on concrete assignments without having to worry about complex resolutions (Cherry, What Is Autocratic Leadership? ). One more advantage is that under autocratic leadership, team members obtain effective skills in performing concrete tasks, which is beneficial for the team. While exercising authority has some benefits, it may also present difficulties. The major weakness of this style is that too much power expressed by the leader may cause arguments and strikes in the team. If the employees consider their leader too bossy and arrogant, they will not have any respect for his/her methods and will treat the boss with antagonism. Another problem is that people may feel dissatisfied when they are unable to participate in the decision-making process (Cherry, What Is Autocratic Leadership? ). Autocratic leaders sometimes do not take into account the experience of team members who may feel offended because their knowledge is not appreciated. Democratic or Participative Leadership The democratic style of management allows each team member to take part in the process of decision-making (Cherry, What Is Democratic Leadership? ). Thus, its greatest strength is in empowering every employee to share the ideas, which eventually leads to finding more productive ways of solving the difficulties. When the employees feel involved and important, they are more likely to be dedicated to the company’s projects and their results. Another asset of this management style is that it stimulates a higher productivity of the employees (Cherry, What Is Democratic Leadership? ). On the downside, democracy may present some problems. When a task demands a quick solution and the roles are not strictly divided, the project may fail. Also, democratic style may provoke misunderstandings and communications problems within the team (Cherry, What Is Democratic Leadership? ). Another weakness is that while a leader allows everyone to take part in decision making, not all employees may have the required qualifications or experience to make impor
UNIT 6 Computer Security   * Threats facing Microsoft products;   * ISA server security settings. Overview Characteristics of winNuke attacks:   * Exploitation of windows network products. Microsoft products threat and vulnerabilities:   * LAND, Ping-of-death, TCP Half scans, UDP Bomb, Port scanning and DNS attack prevention. ISA Server DNS Filter Settings:   * Hostname overflow, length overflow and DNS Zone transfer. WinNuke attack   * Involves an array of data (out of band) being sent to a computer over the network to attack it .   * Ms Windows 95, Windows NT and Windows 3.11 are vulnerable to winNuke attacks.   * A computer that is attacked disconnects from the network.   * The computer then crashes and display a blue screen.   * When this happens, all unsaved data gets lost.   * The computer then remains on panic mode with the blue screen displayed.   * This can be avoided by installation of a patch created by Microsoft (Ankit & Zacharia, 2007). Microsoft threats and vulnerabilities LAND attack:   * In this attack, a string of TCP SYN packets are sent over a network using the same address on the source as the destination;   * It makes the vulnerable machine to reply to itself, leading to network congestion due to IPv4 crash. Ping-of-death:   * In this attack, the attacking machine sends an IP packet (using ping utility) that is larger than the maximum size specified.   * The system of attacked machine either crashes, becomes unresponsive or reboots itself. TCP “IP half scans”:   * The attacker creates a lot of connections to the target machine but does not log on. This explores all the ports that are open. UDP Bomb:   * UDP packets with corrupted data fields are sent to the target computers having old windows OS. This makes the system to crash.   * The user cannot identify the cause of the crash. Port scanning:   * The attacker tries to use all the ports in the target machine with an aim of finding out ports that are open (Heiser & Kruse, 2002). Attack detection and prevention There are two methods of intrusion detection:   * Network-based intrusion detection systems (NIDS). These systems are engineered to protect against threats within a network.   * Host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS). Are systems that safeguards against threats within the host machine or the server. In the ISA Server filter settings tab, the following options should be checked for DNS attack detection and prevention:   * Enable intrusion detection and DNS attack detection.   * Enable detection and filtering of DNS attacks (Shinder & Behrens, 2007). Once the above are checked, there will be round the clock protection against the following attacks:   * DNS Hostname Overflow: This takes place when a DNS response meant for a host name is larger than the specified length.   * DNS Length Overflow: Occurs when the length of DNS response is designed to reflect a value larger than the r
The author begins by stating that a number of business disciplines do not understand marketing. He goes ahead to state that marketing is not an activity for the marketing department alone. He reiterates that marketing should be an affair of the whole organization and the organizations producing new products should deeply look at this. Yes. He goes ahead to state that a number of individuals have confused product promotion with marketing. He notes that product promotion as well as advertising comes later in the life cycle of a new product. Gresham also states that the major marketing aim is to invent new opportunities, for instance, by knowing the needs and preferences of customers. He states that marketing of new products commences at this point. The message of Gresham is for all employees of a firm, including the top management. The message is for the business development teams which are mainly composed of R&D, marketing, finance as well as engineering. He also states that the composition depends on the departments that are involved in the path of product development. In a number of cases, the strategic direction as well as the objectives of a firm influences the composition of the development team. He notes that some ideas may not be profitable to organizations. Besides, an organization cannot implement all ideas that may seem to be good. A thorough screening of ideas is therefore important. In the identification of new ideas, there is need to involve R& D, marketing, engineering, and finance. Only then will there be a thorough scrutiny of the idea. Knowledge of negotiation, project management, team dynamics as well as project management is significant to those involved in the development of new products. This is because the knowledge of these areas is beneficial in winning and also maintaining organization’s support of the new product. This will also ensure that adequate funds are provided by the organization. The team, which is charged with the responsibility of developing new products, should clearly state the features of the given product. They should come up with its brand name as well as decide packaging for the given product. The team should also come up with strategies through which the product will be distributed. It is also its duty to propose the prices to be charged. Positioning of the market should also be done by the team. They should also invent strategies through which the developed products will be promoted. The team should also invent mechanisms through which p
Introduction A sweetener is a substance commonly used instead of sugar since it produces a sweet taste just like sugar. The difference between sweetener and sugar is its food energy which is usually less than that of sugar. There are two categories of sugar substitutes, namely: artificial and natural sweeteners. Seven basic artificial sweeteners are widely used. Sugar is sweeter than a non-sugar sweetener such as polyols. Biochemical perception of sweetness Sweetness is categorized as one of the five fundamental tastes and is commonly considered a pleasing experience. Foods that are commonly associated with sweetness have sugar which is in the simple carbohydrates. Sugar substitutes that have little or no calories consist of both natural and artificial compounds. On the other hand, some compounds are known to change the perception of sweetness. Perception of sweetness solely lies in the tastes buds (Coultate, 2009). It is vital to note that a compound with a smaller molecular weight is sweeter than a larger compound. Natural Sweeteners Xylitol and sorbitol are sugar substitutes that are naturally occurring since they are found in fruits and undergo an extraction procedure that is commonly known as catalytic hydrogenation. Honey, molasses, and stevia are a few of the various natural sweeteners known to substitute sugar. Artificial sweeteners A sugar substitute is commonly considered as a sweetener that is used in place of common table sugar otherwise known as sucrose. Some artificial sweeteners are extracted from herbs apparently which are naturally occurring. Intense sweeteners are artificial sweeteners that are approximately between 20 to 7000 times as sweet as sucrose. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration have approved five artificial sweeteners. They include Acesulfame potassium, Aspartame, Neotame, Saccharin, and Sucralose. Artificial sweeteners are used as sugar substitutes since they do not add any calories to one’s diet. At the same time, only a small amount of an artificial sweetener is used to derive sweetness as compared to sugar itself (Whitney & Rolfes, 2005). Over time, sugar and corn syrup have been substituted by artificial sweeteners in the food and beverage industry since artificial sweeteners provide sweetness without adding any calories. These sweeteners are majorly used in products that have been processed; from soft drinks and beverages to dairy products as well as in jellies. They are also used domestically in both baking and cooking. Artificial sweeteners have an advantage in weight control as well as diabetes
The current CEO of Google, Larry Page, is a considered a great leader because of his ability to apply situational leadership skills in resolving some of the problems that threaten the success of the company. He is a co-founder of the company together with Sergey Brin. He is a succeeded Eric Schmidt in 2011 after serving in the board for many years. The Forbes magazine ranked the CEO as the 19 th richest in the country being approximated to be worth US$32.3 billion. Through his leadership, he has been able to invent PageRank, which is the Google’s leading search ranking algorithm. His leadership skills have put him in high positions throughout his professional career. He established the company in 1998 and became its president until 2001 when Schmidt was hired as the CEO and chairperson of the board. The decision to replace Schmidt was reached in 2011 after an extensive consultation. The leader is believed to be the best when it comes to applying situational leadership because he models his wishes, expectations, and desires to suit those of his followers instead of forcing employees to obey the rules. Keneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey developed a leadership style theory they termed as situational meaning the ability of the manager or the leader to adjust accordingly to suit the desires and the wishes of the followers. The style calls on the leader to change his or her style by incorporating the aspirations of the followers as opposed to forcing the junior employees to align their values and principles to those of the leader. In this regard, the style expects the leader to be dynamic in the sense that he or she will analyze the situation and explore the best options of dealing with the problem. The CEO of Google, Larry Page, is one of the leaders who know how to apply situational leadership style in dealing with organizational issues. He has been applying the style in the organization even though many people might not be aware. The CEO considers the style a business language, as well as a framework that has the potential of developing the capacities of employees. The style does not focus on cultural, linguistic, or geographical differences since it insists on teaching people how to analyze the needs of clients and stakeholders. Additionally, it encourages the formation of groups and teams, as it has the ability of resolving problems that threaten goal achievement in the organization (Burke, 2010). Because of his strong leadership skills, the CEO was made the president of the company acting as the director of software engineering, the deputy president, and later the general manager. With time, he took over as the head of operations having proved effective in dealing with issues that could have destabilized the performance of the organization. The CEO applied his skills and knowledge in improving the competitive advantage of the organization in the highly challenging technology industry in the country. H