ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Social protection programs are designed to help citizens maintain an adequate quality of life and health. The level of social protection depends on the country in which citizens receive it. Nevertheless, the right to such protection is an inalienable right of each person. The purpose of this paper is to discuss Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and how it helps improve the health of the nation, and what limits it has. Although the program is designed to support low-income families, particularly in maintaining determinants of health, some of its features can negatively impact people’s health. TANF Description Many low-income families in the country need help, especially those with children. TANF was adopted in 1996 instead of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), which has existed since 1935 (“Policy basics,” 2021). The program is temporary financial aid and services that states, receiving money from the federal fund, provide to families (“What is TANF?” n.d.). To participate in the program, residents must be partially employed or unemployed, have a low income, and have children under 18 years old (“What is Temporary Assistance,” n.d.). However, an essential condition for receiving assistance is the subsequent search for a job by workable family members; otherwise, the payment is discontinued (“Policy basics,” 2021). Additional restrictions on r
Introduction “The coast guard recognizes that improving workforce diversity is an imperative. The service remains committed to building and sustaining an organizational climate that embraces the potential and enhances the contribution of employees by promoting inclusion, equity, and respect” (Pearson 2009). Cultural diversity in the coast guard is greatly valued and is within the five strategic principles outlined by the force for its mission and vision. Their major aim is to recruit and retain a high-quality military and civilian workforce that is capable and representative of the American society and this discussion outlines how they get and retain such a force. “Between 1999 and 2008, the number of women in the Coast Guard climbed from about12% to 17%and minority representation increased from about 12.5% to 17%” (Getting and Keeping a Diverse workforce). Coast Guard programs The Coast Guard has made major steps in their quest to ensure that every American interested in the force is fully aware of and gets equal opportunity to access their employment either as an enlisted member, reservist, or civilian. Regarding this, their chartered “MD-715 Team” is in charge of all these programs and uses projected national demographic data and ethnicity and racial forecasts as their pointer to recruitment and retention programs. There are several programs designed to attract or get a diverse workforce in the Coast Guard and others for retaining the workforce available according to Getting and Keeping a Diverse workforce. These are discussed below. To recruit a quality, quantity, and inclusive workforce, the Coast Guard implements several programs around the country. First is the Coast Guard Scholars Program which runs for a year and is targeted students who are interested in an appointment to the Coast Guard Academy. This program currently had 60 students last year and the force intends to increase this number to 70 this year. Secondly, the College Student Pre-Commissioning Initiative Scholars (CSPI) program whose major target is the minority groups in Minority Serving Institutions. In the last year’s group of 42 entrants, 48 percent were from marginal groups and 38 were female. Lastly, the outreach activities are carried out in partnership with colleges and universities. Firm liaisons have been built between the force and the historically black colleges and universities, Hispanic serving institutions, and tribal council schools to create awareness among the students in these institutions of the existing services and scholarship openings and how to make use of them. In retaining the well-trained, experienced and diverse workforce, the Coast Guard has in place several programs. First is the PPEP (Pre-Commissioning Program for Enlisted Personnel) program that encourages promotion from within. Those who meet the qualifications apply for a two-year full-time college study after successful completion one is commissioned as an officer. During this time an officer receives full pay and benefits. Secondly is the advanced education program which allows the workforce to receive advanced education in
Introduction In modern nursing programs, there has been an extension of the course to offer some managerial skills to nurses in their preparation of taking leadership role in nursing departments and other parts of a medical facility; nurses are trained to be managers, administrators, finance managers, and human resources managers alongside their main course. Nurse administrators are supposed to uphold professionalism as nurses as well as managers of their units; the decisions they make and the way they handle situations should portray a high level of professionalism; from the micro level of nursing department, their effect will be felt in an entire medical facility. When undertaking their role as nurses and administrators, there is need to understand the four metaparadigms of nursing and work within their limits. This paper discusses the advanced practice role of nurses as administers (Clark, 2005). Four metaparadigms of nursing In her speech in a seminar with nursing professionals Jacqueline Fawcett, coined the concept of nursing metaparadigms; the metaparadigms are as follows: Metaparadigms of person According to this metaparadigms, health care customers, patients, should not be referred as patients but should be given a better term that defines not only their health condition but the social economic situation they are living in; the metaparadigm called patients Subjects. The notion of subject meant that the sick affects other people like their families, society, and friends. The metaparadigm suggest that a person should not be seen as an object of professional care and surveillance but should be treated with dignity and care. When referring to patients as subjects, they are thought to be unique and autonomous demanding to be treated with due respect and care Health The concept of health considers nurses as professionals who can handle issues as they arise; the metaparadigm clears the notion that nurses are mere object of doctors and only needed to follow instructions. The definition of health from the subject is that health is not absolute but it’s subject to the prevailing situation in an individual. Nursing includes direct
The question of whether people can be happy irrespective of some negative circumstances has always aroused much discussion. Some individuals do not believe that is it possible to forget their problems and enjoy life, but some think that happiness can be created notwithstanding the outer environment. In my opinion, the latter group has a better argument: people should concentrate on good things in life even in bad times, and they should create opportunities to be happy even with small things. The first reason why people can choose to be happy is that even in sad circumstances, they can remember positive experiences and improve their mood. Even if the weather is bad today, one can recollect the warmth of yesterday’s or even last month’s sunshine and smile at it. Even when someone said a rude thing, an individual may choose to think of all the good things that he or she has heard recently. I think that such decisions help people to make the right choice: the preference to be happy without paying attention to current problems. Thus, recollecting something pleasant leads to ignoring troublesome circumstances. The second way of staying happy is creating an opportunity to be joyful, no matter how small these moments of delight are. Eating one’s favorite food or buying some flowers may fulfill this task rather well. Also, it is possible to treat oneself to something exciting such as a journey to a pleasant place or doing a parachute jump. These activities do not take much time, but the emotions released while performing them will keep a person happy for a long time. Some may say that such unexpected plans may require much preparation and, thus, cannot be considered as a suitable approach. However, with the wise timing and choice of resources, everything is possible. Therefore, exceptional events make people delighted due to being extraordinary and memorable. Despite the circumstances, it is possible to remain happy when one makes such a choice. People’s decisions impact many aspects of their life. When an individual is determined to be happy, nothing and no one can hinder this decision.
There have been several wars in the past, resulting in casualties and escalating conflict between people of different religions. This has made it vital for interreligious talks to be held and leaders of different religions to display unity. Religious tolerance implies that people recognize the similarities they share and embrace their differences. Interfaith dialogues help to increase religious tolerance and unite people who hold different belief systems. Pope Francis received a group of religiously diverse people after a pilgrimage. The group comprised fifteen Christians, fifteen Jews, and fifteen Muslims (Rome Reports, 2014). The Pope commended them for showing brotherhood and reminded of them the importance of coexistence. Due to immigration, people in Argentina practice different religions and also live harmoniously (Rome Reports, 2014). Ultimately, Christians, Jews, and Muslims have the same Father and should strive to build amicable relationships. The last three Popes have established a strong sense of kinship with the Jewish community. For instance, Pope John Paul II showed regard for Jewish traditions and shared in the people’s pain when they were targeted for their beliefs. He participated in the Jewish ritual of visiting the Western Wall, where he touched the wall and said prayers (Catholic News Service, 2013). Although Pope Benedict XVI was not raised among the Jews like the former Pope, he maintained the traditions established by his predecessor. The current Catholic leader, Pope Francis, lived in Buenos Aires for a part of his life. This enabled him to develop very close personal relationships with the Jewish community. It is clear that the Catholic Church, through the order of Popes, hopes to strengthen its rapport with the Jews. Human beings attempt to find answers to the riddles about human existence. They possess an awareness of a hidden power, which gravitates them towards religious living (Second Vatican Council, 1965). In essence, all religions share the objective of creating a life program comprised of moral teachings to help alleviate the restlessness found in people’s hearts (Second Vatican Council, 1965). For instance, Hindu people practice asceticism to get closer to God. Buddhism proposes that people can attain liberation either on their own or with the help from higher powers (Second Vatican Council, 1965). Although there exist differences between Christianity and other religions, they are all under the same God. Therefore, Christians are encouraged to be prudent and charitable in their interactions with individuals from other religions. In the modern age, people of different religions and even those who profess no particular faith live, study, and work together. For instance, in my school, we have Christian, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, and atheist students. Students respect each other’s beliefs even if they do not share in them (Rome Reports, 2014). Rarely do arguments of a religious nature arise between students. Second, individuals acknowledge the similarities in their beliefs, which bring them closer (Second Vatican Council, 1965). For instance, although Muslims do not believe in Christ as the savior, they venerat
According to Crone (2011), there are many ways that sociology can help in solving the present problems in the society. Sociologists can enlighten the society about the problems, conduct research about the problem and give report to the public on what needs to be done. The research performed by sociologists can be used by policy makers to address the problem, analyze the existing policies and see if they are working properly or not. In his book, James provides some steps that sociologists can use in solving social problems. Some of the social problems discussed in the book include; violence, inequality, Gender inequality, crime, and drug abuse. Raising society’s awareness The first step towards solving social problems is raising the society’s awareness. He suggests that sociologists can do this by analyzing the social phenomena to recognize new social problems that may have developed in the society. According to Leon-Guerrero (2011), social problems can be described as those issues that affect most people directly or indirectly. Social problems can also be viewed as issues that affect all members of the society. They affect the society and are beyond the influence of an individual regardless of his or her power. Once a problem has been identified, sociologists can inform the public through the media and or report to political authorities about their findings. Sociologists can act as whistle blowers by enlightening the society about what they feel is a social problem. Presently, social media also provide a good avenue where people can air their views. Sociologists can use social media platform to excite members of the public to think about social problems. Sociologists can identify social problems based on certain sociological guidelines. For instance, whether the social condition is harmful to people’s lives and how many people could be affected by that condition. Sociologists can also raise awareness by writing articles and publishing books about social problems. James point out that through publications and teaching activities, sociologists are able to make people to perceive certain social conditions as problems. Raising awareness is an important step in seeking solutions society’s problems in the long run (Crone, 2011). Conducting research Another important step that sociologists can use in solving social problems is conducting research. It is the responsibility of sociologists to research on issues that affect the society. Research not only provides useful information about the society’s problems but also helps in finding the most suitable ways of solving such problems. In addition, research helps to validate the existing theories and modifies them to suit the prevailing conditions. Research helps sociologists to identify problems based on their standards. For example, based on statistical research and the extent to which an issue is harmful to people’s lives, sociologists are able classify it as a social problem or not. Data collection forms a significant part of research. Sociologists can collect data about the victims of social problems by using accurate methods such a
The variety of paintings in the Denver Art Museum is impressive indeed. The division of collections into Textile Art, Asian Art, Pre-Columbian Art, Spanish Colonial etc provides the visitor with an opportunity to choose one exhibition in accordance with personal interests and demands. The collection that attracts my attention is the European & American Art; my choice is almost obvious because this collection introduces the wonderful world of art, offered by Claude Monet. This French impressionist created numerous paintings using his own style and format. His Waterloo Bridge , created in 1903, was the result of his trips around the European cities between 1899 and 1903. The peculiar feature of this painting is not the famous bridge itself but light and colors, which evaluate the chosen period of a day. In Waterloo Bridge , Claude Monet did not want to represent the bridge as he saw it but to underline the importance of the air, colors, and nature around that bridge that made the whole picture complete, impressive, and memorable. It is very difficult to describe Monet’s Waterloo Bridge in a few words because the impressions are really great. Though the title of the painting is Waterloo Bridge , the bridge itself does not consider to be its center. Monet made a wonderful attempt to attract people’s attention not to the building but to the medium that completed the image. At the first glance, it is possible to see that Monet wanted to impress one moment, one breath, and one movement that depicted a true nature of London. Working smoke stacks, moving barges, a long busy bridge, and constant smog – all this is regarded to be an integral part of London, that very part that catches its visitors’ eye from the very beginning. The point is that even if this painting were not titled, it would be possible to guess what place and what city were represented on it. On my opinion, the style, chosen by the painter, is closer to the realistic one because it is characterized by the attempts to interpret the world as it is with its style, people, and life. In spite of the fact that Monet’s skill to use color and light in a very unusual way, the realism may be perfectly observed on this painting. In a thorough analysis of Monet’s Waterloo Bridge , such visual elements like line, color, and light need to be mentioned at first. Monet was one of those impressionists, who tried to take each detail into consideration and use the variety of visual elements in order to impress a person and share personal impressions and mood. For example, lines help to suggest necessary direction and balance. By their nature, lines may be of different types, and the choice of Monet is justified. He made use of numerous diagonal lines at the top in ord
The matters of the cold war have been regarded by historians from both sides of the ocean for the years, and everyone accuses the opposite side of starting the cold war. If regarding things objectively, both sides behaved aggressively towards each other in sharing the conquered Germany. Both sides tried to capture additional spheres of influence, as both believed in the righteousness of the inclinations and aims. As it is known, the official start of the Cold War is considered Winston Churchill’s speech in Fulton, which was called “The Sinews of Peace,” declaring that an “iron curtain” had descended across Europe. From the standpoint of the Soviets, the speech was an incitement for the West to begin a war with the USSR, as it called for an Anglo-American alliance against the Soviets. The worsening of the relations had been observed long before it, as the tension had been previously mentioned in “Long Telegram”, which became the basis for the further theory of containment, which in some measure added fuel to the common fire of the Cold War. The Long Telegram did not really cause the adoption of the Cold War policy via NSC-68 (National Strategy of Containment). NSC-68 offered for a distinctly dissimilar type of containment than that stated in the Long Telegram. The Long Telegram called for financial embargoes against the USSR, whereas NSC-68 called for militaristic pressures. Kennan believed that it was satisfactory to permit the Soviets to increase Communism to nations adjoining the USSR as these countries would only serve the reason of comprising a rightful security buffer zone for the USSR. Opposing Kennan’s opinion, NSC-68 stated that any and all “defeats” of nations to Communism (characterized in the Domino theory) were intolerable and a threat to US national security. While NSC-68 offered military force to discontinue these ” defeats,” Kennan felt that it was pointless to try to stop the Soviets in this attempt. These are two disconnect policies that offer two various means to attain two dissimilar ends. On September 6, 1946, James F. Byrnes proclaimed a speech in Germany, disclaiming the Morgenthau Plan and warning the Soviets that the US meant to support an armed attendance in Europe indefinitely. As Byrnes confessed one month later, “The nub of our program was to win the German people it was a battle between US and Russia over minds. It is necessary to emphasize, that the wartime coalition between the United States and the Soviet Union began to disentangle even before the end of World War II. When the war ended, the Red Army occupied much of Eastern Europe. The obvious weakness of Western Europe raised the ghost of communism spreading even further. Although the Marshall Plan helped restore Western Europe, other events of the late 1940s kept tension high: the Communist coup in Czechoslovakia and Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948, the fall of China and the Soviet A-bomb in 1949. Soviet support for the North Korean invasion of South Korea in 1950 confirmed the threat in Western eyes.
Introduction Recently, the United States Congress passed the health care reform bill, popularly known as Obama’s health care bill, the bill that President Obama signed into law days some days later. Indeed, this is one major milestone towards reforming America pending the fact that approximately 48 million Americans were either under covered or had no healthcare insurance. Nevertheless, the question that stands tall is what the bill contains. It is imperative to note that the passage of the bill involved wrangling from what appeared as proposition and opposition sides of the Health Care Reform bill. Many Republican Congress representatives opposed the bill saying that it would babysit the less industrious Americans on top of adding more taxes. As for my case, I will make some slight amendments, which I perceive are very necessary to all Americans. The paper summarizes the most important provisions of Obama’s Health Care Program; provisions that will steer changes in the healthcare sector over the next ten years; provisions that will see all Americans access affordable and quality healthcare services. Nevertheless, I would like to suggest some alterations within the provisions of the bill, which will occur in five major phases namely changes happening in 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 (Smith, p.1). 2010 Changes In 2010, Obama’s Health Care bill proposes an insurance cover to all persons under the age of 26. These persons, considered children, will receive healthcare services under the insurance plans of their parents. Additionally, any health insurance company that fails to cover children will be subject to interdiction. All medical recipients will receive a sum of $250 to compensate the doughnut hole until 2020. The provisions also propose medical coverage for riskier health insurance pools to all adults already covered, something that will continue until the new healthcare exchanges come into effect fully. Furthermore, there will be no more yearly and lifetime remittances. Another provision bound to take place in 2010 is the restructuring of health insurance plans to offer precautionary services at no extra costs. Additionally, retired Americans aged 55 and 64 will receive additional health benefits on top of those provided by their respective health insurance companies from a transitory reinsurance plan. Perhaps to make some small adjustments to the bill,