ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The idea of cultural identity, particularly the sense of cultural belonging, might seem fairly simple at first since it is immediately associated with the attributes of the culture in question. However, after entertaining the idea of defining a cultural identity, one will realize the complexity of the notion and the challenge of avoiding referring to stereotypes as the means of explaining cultural identity as a phenomenon (Croucher et al. 72). In her essay “How to Be Chinese,” Celeste Ng examines the complexities and challenges of retaining one’s cultural identity in an entirely alien cultural environment, thus, questioning the role of the community as the identifier and prerequisite of one having a cultural identity. By combining the use of metaphor, a unique style, and several other literary tools such as alliteration, Ng amplifies her argument by making the setting and characters more relatable. Remarkably, applying the cultural Identity Theory to Ng’s narrative, one will realize that, being deprived of the chance to reconnect with her community, the leading character becomes particularly vulnerable to the stereotypes perpetuated in American society regarding Asian people and their culture. Ng even points out that the tendency to resort to stereotypical perceptions of themselves as a shorthand to convey certain ideas can occur in Chinese American people as well by mentioning the realities such as a Chinese restaurant in the middle of the U.S., a Chinese Barbie, and other cultural elements (Ng par. 2). Thus, while recognizing the role that the specified cultural signifiers have for Asian American people in their attempts to retain their cultural identity, Ng also demonstrates the urge to introduce immediate change to prevent the rest of the Chinese legacy of her family, as well as her own one, to dissolve in the mainstream American cultural environment. Therefore, Ng’s story transforms into an existential search for the cultural characteristics that would allow her leading character to reconnect with the elusive nature of her culture, which is becoming increasingly thin in the overwhelming context of the American cultural environment. The perpetual pursuit thereof rings in every sentence of the story, particularly when Ng asks her friend to say something, literally anything, in Chinese (Ng par. 9-12). While this dialogue might seem casual and nonchalant, it, in fact, screams of the urge to reconnect with one’s roots, therefore, becoming the pivotal point in the narrative where the Cultural Identity Theory regains its meaningfulness (Hills and Atkins 195). Specifically, Ng’s attempt at talking her partner into speaking to her in Chinese reveals the long-lasting need for reviving Chinese culture alongside other community members. The plight
Introduction Accreditation is the process of ensuring that organizations have measured up to acceptable set standards. It is normally conducted by governments, non-governmental organizations or even by privately held accreditation agencies who review the already existing standards according to the emerging demands of any given field. In view of rising health care costs, health providers are increasingly finding it important to undergo accreditation in order to uphold a certain status quo thereby maintaining their clientele. Accreditation standards vary as time progresses since there is always an improvement to the already set criteria. Organizations normally subject themselves to continuous accreditation not only for the purposes of maintaining a certain position in a particular field but also to expose their staff to learning of new requirements and developments in their fields. Organizations use the current accreditation standards as a benchmark as they pursue improvements of their own services. (Abdelhak, 2001) Discussion Joint Commission Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) is one of the accreditation agencies which was started in early 1950s as a collaboration of American College of surgeons and many other organizations. Initially the collaboration was so that it could provide voluntary accreditation though that changed when the organization started offering accreditation to health care networks. It was however not until 1994 that the agency included other accreditation services namely laboratories services, home care, drug abuse among others. (Lisette, 2004) Recording and documentation plays a very important role in ensuring efficiency of any organizations and more importantly health care since historical study of a patient can go a long way in identifying reoccurrences that can eventually lead to prevention if not a complete cure of the disease. Since 2004, JCAHO became more sensitive to drug safety and that meant that health care facilities had to adopt a separate medication management standard. This measure was for the purposes of reducing drug errors and abuse, ensur
Review the history in recent years of Lilly that is presented in the case: what mistakes did Lilly make in its product development efforts? Eli Lilly pharmaceutical company had been well known for the manufacture of insulin related products needed in the treatment of diabetes. The company had managed to establish very firm foundation in North America, Canada as well as other well developed economies (Christensen, 2004). As a matter of fact, Eli Lilly was one of the global market leaders in the production of insulin. Its major competitor was Novo Nordisk, a German based pharmaceutical firm. However, the two market rivals merged and formed one big firm. For a considerable period of time, Eli Lilly had enjoyed impressive revenue amounting to over $5 billion. In any case, the second largest generator of revenue at Eli Lilly was insulin. The company started experiencing expedited growth in its manufacturing portfolio when it was awarded an exclusive license to manufacture and market insulin products in the wider North America. Although this was an early development, it greatly gave the company an impetus for growth bearing in mind that it came at a time when demand for insulin in the entire American continent was high due to increased obesity (Christensen, 2004). There were myriad of mistakes that the management at Eli Lilly & Co. made in their path towards product development. It is imperative to note that all the subsequent improvements that were done on insulin especially after 1923 brought about tremendous results. However, the company failed to prioritize its development agenda. It is indisputable that the pharmaceutical company was faced with a major management challenge throughout its operations. For instance, one of the vivid mistakes that Eli Lilly committed was to invest enormous amount of money when innovating in one product only (Insulin). This was executed without a proper audit of the cost benefit analysis. In other words, the company proceeded with an extremely fast pace of innovation which jeopardized its operations in later years due to loss of billions of dollars. For example, the pens and Match insulin that were launched almost on all major markets across the world was done within a very short time. In addition, the test data technology as well as operating CDS centers proved to be an extra and unnecessarily financial burden to the company. It is imperative to mention that the CDS centers were not used to retail insulin products for Eli Lilly Company. These c
Introduction Hewlett Packard Company is an Information Technology company which was founded in 1939 by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard. The firm has its corporate headquarters located at Palo Alto in USA. Over the years, the firm has been able to enhance its awareness globally. As a result, the firm has managed to be among the most respected organizations in the world through incorporation of corporate social responsibility. The discussion of this essay is aimed at conducting a comprehensive analysis of Hewlett Packard Company with the objective of its performance in the society. It achieves this by highlighting its achievement and highlighting the areas where the firm’s management team should improve on. Environment conservation Over the recent past, there has been increased concern with regard to the increment in the volume of waste resulting from electronic technology companies. Some of the stakeholders concerned include customers, governments and business organizations .Electronic waste includes various products such as laptops, iPods, cell phones, TVs, printers among others. A recent increase in electronic wastes has made it an issue of concern among these stakeholders due to their hazardous nature. This is because E-waste contains lethal substances such as mercury, lead and arsenic. This is one of the reasons why HP embarked on recycling the used electronic components since 1987. At the moment, HP is providing the customers with ways of returning the computers already purchased when they become obsolete. Leasing is proving to be effective means of combating unorthodox means of disposing electronic garbage. Selling original print cartridges is meant to reduce negative impacts of environment pollution by not dealing with remanufactured cartridges. In 2005, the company managed to recycle print cartridge and computer hardware weighing at least 140 pounds. Being a global giant in providing computer hardware, it is the first company to report greenhouse emissions associated with its production and manufacturing process. This illustrates how that the company is applying transparent techniques and is encouraging others to join the fight against electronic pollution. In 2007, Hewlett Packard was able to drastically cut down and reduce carbon emission by approximately 4%. Wal-Mart Stores had invited the technological company to design a product which has minimal impact. It is important to acknowledge the fact that since it won the award, it has provided solution that greatly reduces environmental impact of Personal Computers. The design does not have conventional shipping materials hence HP products are greatly reduced in size (Environment leader, 2010). In 2008, it was awarded the Green Recycling Asset Disposal for the Enterprise (GRADE) certification by IDC which further boosted its image. GRADE aims at providing organizations with ideas on how to dispose information technology assets. Education HP has been in the forefront with regard to promoting education. This arises from re
Introduction The business plans to hire an effective human resource team, it will hire its entire staff on a full-time basis. It will look at the requirements and availability of human resources. Management Policy Wu, N., Hoque, K., Bacon, N. and Bou Llusar, J. C. (2015) research reflects that extensive strategic HRM research over the past 20 years has suggested that the HRM practices a firm adopts play a critical role in determining its effectiveness. In the policy of USBA a strategic plan and coherent approach for its staff. Recruitment We will look for candidates for employment and stimulate them to apply for the job in the real estate firm. USBA plans to build a pool of candidates from which the organization will hire its staff. Conducting Interviews USBA plans to hire human resource firms to get the best candidates to fill the positions required to staff the organization. Suitable candidates will be selected for the various positions in the firm. Training Training in USBA is assimilating the employees into work. Employees will get the information and skills needed for their duties. Individual differences in learning occur as people hone their skills at different levels. Fineman et al., (2010) pointed out that some people are referred to as “pragmatic learners” – they prefer to learn how to get things to work relying on a mixture of intuition, instruction and trial, and error. USBA needs to improve people’s performance to attain organizational goals. Staffing Research by Kuhn (2014) illustrated that staffing decisions are typically conceptualized as motivated by the desire to select the best employees. Many managers and human resources practitioners may be more concerned with avoiding bad hires. USBA plans to man the particular organizational structure through proper and as well as effective selection along with appraisal and development of the personnel to fill the roles which have been assigned to the workforce. Compensation Employees work for rewards and money is probably the most important. USBA will have a compensation administration concerned with adequate and equitable remuneration of employees for their contributions. Research by Leana & Meuris, J (2014) hold the view that income is a relatively stable aspect of a job (e.g. annual salary, non-incentive wages, or weekly or hourly pay) has received relatively little consideration in organization theorizing and research, despite its critical importance to workers, organizations, and society at large”. The real estate firm USBA aims to offer flexible working hours to its employees. It is true that for some contemporary American workers, exploitatively long work hours remain a
Introduction Strategic management is essential for business management. A good management strategy is required for an organization to achieve its business objectives. Strategic management helps businesses to gain competitive advantage. Management strategies should be dynamic and innovative to achieve competitiveness. Additionally, businesses must conduct regular appraisals of their strategies to keep up with the current competitive landscape. I have learned numerous strategies from chapter 1; however, I will talk about entrepreneurial and innovative strategies (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2013). Entrepreneurial strategy The chapter provided me with essential skills for managing both personal and professional issues. I learned from the chapter that business is run not only through marketing and branding as it used to be in the past but through the implementation of effective management strategies. In the past, organizations were rigid in their management strategies. However, changes in the competitive landscape have brought about the need to enshrine entrepreneurial strategies in the management of businesses. Utilization of entrepreneurship skills would help me to manage myself better in a number of ways. For instance, I would be disciplined enough to learn from my environment. Learning from my environment would be helpful in enabling me to apply the correct strategies that lead to above-average returns. Secondly, enshrining entrepreneurial strategy in my future profession would be beneficial to my company in many ways. For instance, I would be able to change the competitive landscapes of the environment (both internal and external). Additionally, I would be able to promote diversity, which brings a strong organizational culture. Moreover, I would be able to bring “Guanxi” element to the organization in the future by promoting openness and credibility (Matzler, Bailom, Anschober, & Richardson, 2010, pp. 4–13). Innovative strategy One of the reasons for Huawei’s rise in the global world of business is their innovativeness. It is also important to note the emergence of companies in Silicon Valley, which is attributed to innovation and technology. Furthermore, it is quite essential to note the rise of Steve Job’s Apple company as a result of effective, innovative strategy (Stulz, 2009, pp. 86–94). The innovative strategy is essential since it promotes originality. By acquiring and implementing an innovative strategy, I will learn to be resilient and unique in my judgments. Moreover, I would be able to learn about current trends in a competitive landscape. Additionally, I would be dynamic, flexible, and concise in my personal and business dealings. Through innovation, I would be able to learn new s
Stratification is an ecological term referred to various parts of a system that can be broken down into several layers (Hutchinson & Skelly, 2010). In community context, stratification refers to the manner in which life forms are arranged in a vertical array. Ecologists have identified light as a major factor that determines this vertical structure in the ecosystem (Hutchinson & Skelly, 2010). Both terrestrial and aquatic habitats comprise of a variety of species which exist at different levels of populations.With respect to light, several similarities and contrasts are observed in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Across aquatic and terrestrial habitats, each community has distinct stratification characteristics. For example, aquatic ecosystem comprises of epilimion, metalimion, and hypolimion (Hutchinson & Skelly, 2010). Similarly, the terrestrial ecosystem comprises of different stratification patterns, for example, a forest ecosystem consists of canopy, ground layer, root layer and the soil strata. In both aquatic and terrestrial equilibrium ecosystems, few modifications are observed overtime, however, vertical zonation (stratification) features are eminent (Hutchinson & Skelly, 2010). Due to the differences in the terrestrial and aquatic environments, numerous contrasts between the two environments can be observed. First, in aquatic ecosystem, light is a limiting factor despite its resourcefulness of mixing aquatic regimes (Einsele & Seilacher, 1982). To maximize this limited aquatic resource, life has evolved overtime to adapt to its environs. Most photosynthetic aquatic organisms have effectively adapted to its environment maximizing the limited sunlight, becoming the major photo synthesizers. In contrast, terrestrial ecosystem has plenty of sunlight supporting its varied organisms (Einsele & Seilacher, 1982). Unlike the aquatic habitats, major terrestrial organisms hardly experience shortage in sunlight. Thus, sunlight has enabled the terrestrial plants to produce their own food through the process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis plays a crucial role in supporting terrestrial life, as plants manufacture their own food. Plants are the major primary producers in the terrestrial environments (Einsele & Seilacher, 1982). Another major difference between the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem is their level and ability to support organisms (Cain & Hacker, 2011). Unlike the terrestrial habitats, aquatic environment is so rich in nutrients that it can support enormous live. Phytoplanktons, which hugely rely on the sunlight, are the primary producers in the aquatic environments (Cain & Hacker, 2011). These small drifting organisms are able to feed fishes and other aquatic lives hence their existence is vital for the survival of the aquatic lives. Due to their exposure to direct sunlight, terrestrial organisms are prone to desiccation. Mostly in the arid areas, sunlight is so intense that leads to enormous lose of water by the organism. Plants lose water by transpiration while animals lose water through sweating and excretion. Unlike the terrestrial organisms, aquatic organisms are seldom exposed to desiccation
Introduction In researching a group of individuals, data from each member in the group can seldom be collected. They choose a sample instead; the sample is a set of people who are indeed involved in the study. Qualitative research is typically used when a problem exists and there are no apparent answers (Paradis et al., 2016, p. 263). To draw meaningful conclusions from your data, individuals need to consider carefully how they will pick a sample representing the group as a whole. Main Body A sampling at random is analogous to putting everyone’s name in a hat and extracting a plurality of names, which says there is an equal probability of occurrence for every element in the population. It is sometimes difficult to accomplish, but it is the recommended sampling method. An exhaustive list of each item in the aggregate is required. Random sampling is commonly used to produce computer lists. Systemic sampling is easier to carry out than random samples. The list of items is “counted” for systematic sampling; each element is accepted. This is comparable to “1,2,3,4; 1,2,3,4; etc.” lining up everybody. All persons numbered four would be utilized when numbering is done. Convenience sampling is elementary to perform; however, this is the worst approach to employ. The easily available information is used for convenient sampling. The geographical division of the population carries out the sample of clusters into groups. These clusters or chunks are termed. The clusters are picked randomly, and each element is selected in the specified clusters. Sample stratification also splits the population into groupings known as strata. However, this time it is not regionally unique. The population may, for example, be divided into men and women. A randomized, methodical, or convenience sampling is conducted from each of these strata. This paper was written to define the method used and discuss the results. The point estimate for the average height of all people in the place where I work was 17.3185. The sample standard deviation was 3.4029. These data were collected from 20 people, and the result was deduced using the mean in the MS Excel program. The confidence interval was found for the actual height of all people in my workplace, and it was, at 95 percent confidence, from 0.31 to 0.55; a sy
What steps in the Neolithic revolution led to the growth of settled civilizations and the first states? The neolithic revolution is a transition from reliance on gathering and hunting to agriculture and stockbreeding dated around 10000 BC to 8000 DC 1 . Its significance cannot be underestimated, as it was a gigantic step towards the settling down of tribes and the rise of a civilization that as well has led to the appearance of the first states. There are few ways in which the Neolithic revolution and the development of agriculture have entailed the rise of civilization. First of all, raising crops implied that people could be dependent upon themselves in what they eat. Of course, nature had its influence but not as significant as it was before because people have got an opportunity to choose what crops they would like to grow and the quantity of the potential harvest and what animals they would like to eat, even though this choice was influenced by climate and environmental conditions. Second, the transition to agriculture and stockbreeding has caused the first demographic explosion in the history of human civilization 2 . It can be explained by one simple fact – humans now had an opportunity to predict the amount of food, so, they could afford to have bigger families. In truth, the choice to have bigger families was also an economic decision because, in the case of growing crops and cattle, people spent more time and energy than with hunting and gathering. So, they needed to have more hands. Bigger families have become a reason that led to settling down and, as a result, the rise of civilization. With more members in a household and tribe as a whole, it became more complicated to migrate in search of new places to hunt and gather food. Raising crops and cattle eradicated the need for migration and, in turn, created the necessity of finding a permanent place of dwelling. With the settled place of living and running a household, people have faced the perforce of interactions with other tribes that could offer them those crops and animals that they could not raise by themselves. It gave impetus to the development of trade. Moreover, the transition to agriculture and stockbreeding triggered the need to separate the functions in the tribe, thus giving rise to the division of labor. Since then, people have started carrying out particular roles in society. Ones, for