Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung infection in which the patient’s airways become narrow, thereby causing breathing complications (Wells, Washko, & Han, 2012, pp. 913-921). Most COPD patients normally experience shortness of breath. The two main forms of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Wells, Washko, & Han, 2012, pp. 913-921). Noxious particles or toxic fumes are the main causes of COPD (McDonough, Yuan, & Suzuki, 2011, pp. 1567-1575). These fumes can be inhaled due to air pollution, smoking and occupational exposure. Scenario Analysis My patient is a female called Mrs. Mary. She is eighty years old. Mary was admitted to the hospital with the following symptoms. Her exercise tolerance level had gradually decreased over time. Furthermore, she had experienced a feeling of shortness of breath for approximately two weeks. She also experienced anxiety. These symptoms are often observed in individuals who are suffering from respiratory diseases (Burney, 2011, pp. 1246-1247). Consequently, the process of diagnosing her condition focused on investigating the presence of respiratory infections. The infections that were considered in the investigation included pleural effusion, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-small-cell lung carcinoma and psoriatic arthritis. Literature Review COPD with Dyspnea Dyspnea is the most commonly noticed symptom in people suffering from COPD (Albert, Connett, & Bailey, 2011, pp. 689-698). It is common to find COPD patients complaining of being unable to get adequate air. At the early stages of COPD, dyspnea is normally experienced when a person engages in vigorous exercise or any activity that increases the demand for air in the lungs (Chowdhury, Seymour, & Michele, 2011, pp. 2247-2249). At this stage, most people often ignore dyspnea since it is common to feel out of breath when performing strenuous activity. Dyspnea tends to get worse with time if a person is suffering from COPD (Kenealy, Adair, & Robinson, 2011, pp. 527-532). In this case, the person tends to feel out of breath even if he or she engages in mild or less strenuous activities such as cleaning the house. At the advanced stage, COPD patients usually experience dyspnea even during rest. Moreover, shortness of breath is constantly present at the advanced stage of the disease. Dyspnea normally causes respiratory failure if the patient fails to seek medical attention in time. Respiratory failure leads to an “increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood” (Froner, 2011, pp. 605-614). When the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeds the normal levels, the patient is likely to experience a feeling of drowsiness and headache. Interventions Medical Interventions COPD with dyspnea can be managed effectively through interventions that focus on slowing or stopping lung damage and improving airflow (Johnston, Young, & Grimmer, 2011, pp. 659-667). These interventions can be applied in the short term and the long term. Short-term interventions are often applied immediately in order to prevent death due to breathing difficulties. In this regard, the following interventions can be used to manage dyspnea. In their review of the efficiency and safety of variou