ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The 21 st century has introduced a range of new phenomena and instilled profound transformations across various industries. As the global concerns over climate change intensified, the environmental impact of humanity has become evident. In this regard, experts and policy-makers have engaged in a pursuit of better, sustainable practices that would enable the economic development while alleviating its detrimental impact on the environment. The fashion industry is one of such sectors in which the environmental concerns have been on an increase. Indeed, the scale of fashion and textile production is colossal, as the vast majority of the world’s population uses its services. Thus, the scale and impact of this industry is equally extensive, which prompts the major players within it to seek new, sustainable solutions. Waste management is one of the key approaches to the environmental impact mitigation within the textile and fashion sector. It generally consists of reducing the amount of production waster by increased recycling and reuse of fabrics and products. However, in spite of the topical nature of the matter, it is possible to assume an uneven commitment to the principles of sustainability and waste management across various context. This review explores the issue of waste management sustainability in the fashion industry, reflecting upon the world’s best practices with a focus on the situation in the United Kingdom. Review of the Literature The present paper aims to determine whether waste management remains the key element of ensuring sustainability of the fashion industry in the UK. In order to accomplish this objective, a comprehensive review of the contemporary body of knowledge is to be conducted. It is to review the core concept of sustainability management, which determines the scope and scale of the mission on a global level. More specifically, the research is to encompass the leading sustainability practices within the fashion industry. In spite of the presence of the overarching goal, the exact nature and direction of sustainable policies may vary across different contexts and regions of the globe. Thus, the knowledge of the best international practices will enhance the expertise of researchers and policy-makers in the U.K. Finally, the role of the waste-management within the overall paradigm is to be discussed, based on the contemporary academic data. The review is to include recent findings within the discussed sphere of knowledge taken from the articles published within the last five years in the English language. This information is to be synthesized to conclude the discussion. The Pursuit of Sustainability Management Sustainability is wide
British Victorian Era writer Oscar Wilde’s book ‘The Picture of Dorian Gray’ has the distinction of being the only novel ever written by its author. The predominant theme running through the novel is that there is a deep-rooted evil prevalent in mankind. Dorian Gray, around whom the story revolves, is initially a compassionate and morally upright man. As the events in the novel unfold, he gradually develops into an evil, wicked and merciless man who feels no guilt or regret for any of his wrongdoings. He succumbs more and more to the influence of evil that leads to his ultimate tragic end. The development of Dorian Gray’s character is an excellent elucidation of how evil in humans can surface, fester and get out of control if left unfettered. At the outset, Dorian is the model of perfection of male youth and handsomeness. The innate evil in him is initially provoked by Lord Henry Wotton, a rich man with a venomous tongue. Wotton, is enthralled by the “full-length portrait of a young man [Dorian] of extraordinary personal beauty” (Wilde: 2) as painted by Basil Hallward, and befriends the young man. He praises Dorian’s handsome physique but snidely remarks that it is just caused by youth that is not an everlasting part of life – it would soon end and the person would change and become ugly and disfigured with age {“Youth! Youth! There is absolutely nothing in the world but youth!” (Wilde: 26)}. Dorian is totally taken in by Wotton’s glib flattery along with his fascinating theories, and begins developing a paranoia about youth, fervently wishing {“I would give my soul for that” (Wilde: 29)} that his portrait would
Introduction Growth in technology has facilitated growth in business for the companies involved in the production of mobile phones and other computerized devices that can access the network. The demand for Mobile network and data services has led to the expansion of many telecoms in the telecommunications industry, and their services have assumed an international outlook in various regions. Airtel, AT&T, and Zain are some of the multinational telecom organizations, and they have not only majored in the provision of mobile network and data services, but they have also harnessed opportunities on online platforms to sell computerized gadgets. The companies have actively assumed the use of online platforms like social media, online stores, and marketing websites to increase sales levels. However, a critical view of the respective corporations reveals that their use of the internet for marketing is at different levels. The chosen websites are viable in providing a clear picture of the feasibility of online marketing. This paper looks into the websites of the three companies with a close focus on their efficiency in addressing the 7Cs. Airtel’s Website Airtel’s website is highly responsive and quite visually attractive in terms of context and content. The company has used red as its theme color for the pages on the website. The website has a menu bar that provides visitors with the required guidance to visit the relevant pages, which makes it quite easy to navigate and access information. The content of the website is characterized by an offering mix of products and services. The home page of the website highlights the products and services offered by the corporation. The loading speed of the hyperlinks within the website is quite impressive, especially when one considers that the website is characterized by numerous images of the services and products on offer. Airtel users must feel like they are part of a community when they visit this website because it is designed to encapsulate all the business and social activities offered by Airtel. The website is fairly interactive, especially in the media section, where visitors can contact the customer service personnel for assistance. There is a personalized interface that highlights information about respective users that hold various service accounts with the corporation. This implies that the site can be customized. T
The process of hotel management is a multifaceted unit that should be approached in the right way regarding the circumstances while the goals may vary in terms of the short- or long-term perspectives and expected outcomes. In this respect, the manager should predict the effect of the goals and the interrelation of short-term and medium-term goals. As suggested in the study by Ingold, Yeoman, and McMahon-Beattie (2002), “knowledge of the effect of price changes” is an important element of yield management. “The short-term demands include day-to-day operational issues of quality service and controlling costs and revenue” (Pizam, 2005, p. 405). In this respect, short-term goals may be aimed at fitting the budget while medium-term goals may require more expenses such as staff training that conflict with the budget. Demand with regard to short-term and medium-term objectives (Sheela, 2007, p. 81), changes in the market (Moutinho, 2000, p. 260), prices and product (Kumar, 2010), timing and pricing strategies (Adams, 2006, pp. 131-132) may be considered the most important areas where the difference between short- and medium-term objectives can become a reason f the conflict as they are outlined for different periods and require different approaches while a manger should strive for the highest quality of services and highest revenue. Though some uncertainty is evident in medium-term planning, it is an integral part of the hotel management (Evans, Campbell & Stonehouse, 2003, pp. 13-14); besides, the main differ
Introduction The complex structure of the American government was developed from its historically independent territories. Currently, the United States of America is one of the world’s federations – countries that adopted federalism as the government framework. In this system, two levels of government –regional and general – are usually combined. 1 In the US, the general segment is represented by the federal government, while the regional level of authority is given to the states. 2 Each type of government possesses a set of duties and powers that it can exercise in the region, and the relationship between the levels is established in the Constitution. In the US, the federal government has enumerated powers that are exercised by Congress. The Constitution lists the explicit powers possessed by Congress as well as protects the autonomy of states in some cases. 3 Overall, the federal government can create and enforce property and labor laws, commerce regulations and relations, estate laws, inheritance, education policies, corporations and public health laws, and similar general standards. Congress can declare war and maintain armies and navy forces. 4 State governments have reserved powers and can adapt certain general laws to fit their local environment, passing policies about healthcare, education, labor, and other spheres of life. Tribal governments are organized by Native American communities, and the Constitution considers them to be separate from federal and state entities. 5 They may possess their own laws, tax regulations, and courts. The court system of the US, therefore, also separated according to the federalist view of the country. First of all, a number of federal courts examine situations that are connected to the Constitution and its laws. 6 As the federal government oversees such issues as state relations, navy, corporate law, and foreign relations, its courts hear cases related to these topics as well. Second, state courts, similarly to their role in governing, concern themselves with local disputes that are not under the jurisdiction of the federal government. States deal with common law, involving civil and criminal cases and using both the Constitution and local laws for guidance. 7 Finally, tribal court systems operate under the tribal government structure and deal with matters directly related to their internal community affairs. As can be seen, the American system of government is built on a level of autonomy that remained from the country’s initial formation. The governments and courts of the federal, state and tribal levels have their own powers and limitations, with all elements functioning to support their respective communities. The federal government is concerned with the country as a single entity, the states are focused on their territories, and native communities build structures to preserve their culture and place in the nation. US
Background Soft drinks have become tied to the Americans living with the coca-cola company leading in the sale of soft drinks. In general, 500 soft drinks manufacturers are operating in the United States. The high number symbolizes the intake of soft drinks whereby data have demonstrated that Americans consume more soft drinks than any other beverage. In addition, soft drinks attribute to more than 30% of US beverage consumption. Coca-cola Company controls more than 60% of the U.S. soft drink market by producing the best-selling brands. This translates to the production of 2,000 gallons of soft drinks per minute in a single line of operation. What’s more about this industry? According to the National Soft Drinks Association (NSDA), the soft drink industry forms a large part of the U.S. economy generating thousands of jobs, buying both products and services from other industries, and contributing valuable foundations in the local communities (Berkey 2004, p. 778). Products bought by the soft drink companies include; flavorings, metal cans and plastics used for packaging. Other commodities are advertising services, fruits and vegetables, corn syrup, carbonated water, sugar and many others that render the production of a soft drink. Development The soft drink industry started in the mid-1880 when the syrup was created and mixed with carbonated water and taken over the drug stores counter during lunchtime. Selling of the soft drink required the fountain service hence the drug stores remained as the selling point during this era. This however led to the development of bottling machinery in the U.S. and by 1895 the soft drink was sold in all states. In short duration, a massive of independent coca-cola bottlers formed the model of distribution and others like the Pepsi-cola industry followed suit. The years 1960 and 1970 saw the diversification for the two soft drink industries. In 1960, the coca-cola company bought Minute Maid and Duncan foods. In 1965, Pepsi-cola merged with Frito-Lay and later acquired Pizza Hut, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Taco Bell restaurants. In 1980, consumers become more aware of health problems associated with soft drinks. This however led to a
Introduction Marketing is an essential part of success for most modern companies. It is the primary tool a company has that can affect the perception of the company and its products by consumers, and so it significantly contributes to the popularity of a product or service, especially with regards to its initial reception by the target audience. Understanding the essentials of marketing and correctly implementing them is necessary to managing a corporation. Main body There are many competing definitions of marketing, and no single one can be described as superior to all others. The key aspects of most of these are understanding the needs and concerns of consumers and other involved parties and the appropriate measures to address them (Tomczak, Reinecke, & Kuss, 2018). According to Folinas and Fotiadis (2017), customers worry that the firm may be dishonest with its claims and that there is no guarantee for success and future support of the product. Therefore, companies should engage consumers in their processes for the marketing to succeed, allowing them to see the workings of the company and be convinced (Palmatier, Kumar, & Harmeling, 2018). Other interested parties tend to work with the company and have detailed information, and so customers should be the primary focus of quality improvement initiatives. Conclusion Marketing is vital to the continued operations of a firm and the success of its new products. While there are many definitions, the primary focus of the activity is interacting with groups that are related to the company but outside it and convincing them of the value of a product. As such, when the fact that parties such as stakeholders already have access to the extensive information about the company is taken into consideration, marketing strategies should concentrate on targeting consumers and alleviating their doubts.
Sylvia Plath in her poem Daddy talks about her relationship with her father. She also evokes images of the holocaust just like in her poem Lady Lazarus . In the poem, Plath talks about the unhealthy relationship she had with her dad and the toil it took on her. The poem begins with the speaker declaring that she will no longer put up with the shoe in which she has lived in for thirty years “You do not you, do not anymore the black shoe” (Plath 1). According to a feminists lens Plath is a woman who has decided that enough is enough and she will not live under oppression. The oppressor is represented by the show owner and in this case, it is her father. She had lived under his oppression for thirty years and just like the foot in the shoe, she could not breathe. The shoe represents the male dominance over women in the society. In a patriarchal society, men oppress the women because the women have no power. However, the woman in the poem is willing to go against the male domination she will no longer be trapped and squeezed in the shoe. Her feet will get a space to breath because she has decided to break herself loose from the shoe. The feminists’ theory of Marxism captures the imbalance of power between the speaker and her father. Their relationship represents the imbalance of power between men and women in a patriarchal society. Moreover, the speaker in the poem after she becomes an adult compares male domination to a train that was used to ferry Jews to concentration camps in Nazi German. She feels like the people trapped in those trains that cannot escape their fate and will have to reach one of the camps such as Auschwitz and Dachau. Suffering of the Jews represents the suffering of the women in the feminist’s theory. Plath says, “Daddy, I have had to kill you/You died before I had time (Plath 6-7). The speaker puts an end to her father’s life albeit metaphorically, she wants to end everything that represents oppression in her life. Her father had oppressed her and she was going
Men have always been believed to be the stronger sex because of their physical capabilities while women have been the emotional ones who need to learn to control their tear ducts. However, while reading the essays “The View Of Me From Mars”, What I’ve Learned from Men: Lessons From a full Grown Feminist”, and “I Want a Wife”, I have learned that in as much as men differ from women, there are still some shared traits and that oftentimes, women often compare themselves to the men and end up being envious in the process. My readings have shown me that men and women are similar in more ways than one can imagine. For example, neither men nor women deal well with confrontation. When faced with an impossible situation, both sexes prefer to wimp out. This is evidenced by the paragraph in “The View O f Me From Mars” when the father describes his feeling as his wife begins to make him feel uncomfortable and yet he wants to avoid a confrontation with her and actually telling the truth. It seems that the instinct of men is to basically lie in the manly way. He says: … And suddenly, taking note of the thump-thump my heart made and how one cloud in the east looked like a bell, I stood at the sink, steadily drinking glass after glass of water, trying to put some miles between me and her suspicions. Women also know how to feel uncomfortable and also prefer to avoid confrontations. However, the female instinct differs in reaction in the sense that women tend to use meekness to an advantage when feeling threatened, aggressive, angry, or resentful. Case in point would be the following explanation from the essay “What I’ve Learned From Men: Lessons For a Full Grown Feminist” that explains: … And when we are feeling angry, aggressive, or resentful, we just tighten up our smiles or turn them into rueful moues. In short, we spend a great deal of time acting like wimps. Even though men and women have some similarities, the contradictions in personality can also be glaring at times. Men and women tend to deal with stressful situations quite differently because of the way society has always viewed the opposing sexes. Men are allowed to get loud and physical while women tend to bottle up the emotions instead. For evidence that will support my argument, I would like to refer you to the previously mentioned essay that indicates: Finally, we may be able to learn something from men about what to do with anger. As a general rule, women get irritated ; men get mad. We make tight little smiles of ladylike exasperation; they pound on de
Introduction According to Augustine, S. and Williams, T. (12-126), there is no law that prevents human beings from defending themselves. In spite of this, Evodius condemned the act of killing in self-defense stating that it always violates God’s will. As indicated by Augustine, S. and Williams, T. (12-126), Evodius questioned, “How can they be free of sin in the eyes of God’s law”. On this basis, no one has the right to take away another person’s life despite the fact that he/she is defending him/herself. According to Evodius, those who kill in self-defense are driven by unwarranted desires and hence their actions should not be morally justified. On the other hand, Saint Augustine disagreed with him stating that if someone kills in self defense; he/she is not determined by the wish to live without fear. According to Augustine, S. and Williams, T. (12-126), Augustine stated that “It is untrue to state that unwarranted desire drives all sins”. On this basis, Augustine thought that killing of a highway robber is morally justifiable. Additionally, it is morally permissible for slaves to kill their masters who torture them excessively. Moreover, it is morally justified when a soldier murders an enemy. This is because human beings, irrespective of their nature, desire to live without fear. In this case, according to Saint Augustine killing in self defense is morally permissible. Main Discussion Importantly, the justification for these killings is that human beings have a common desire to live without the fear of being injured or harmed. As can be revealed in Augustine, S. and Williams, T. (12-126), Saint Augustine stated that “To wish for life without fear is a characteristic of all human beings both bad and good.” On the other hand, the wrong kind of justification can be seen in the case where someone wishes to be free from terror by loving things which he/she may lose in opposition to his/her determination. On this basis therefore, killing out of greed for the desire of gaining something is a wrong justification of self defense. Importantly, Augustine on the free choice of the will indicated that the mind cannot be forced to be a slave to lust. In his arguments as indicated by Augustine, S. and Williams, (12-126) he outlined that, “the mind under all circumstances should not corrupt itself on behalf of its body”. On this basis, the mind is free from the evils done by the body and should not be compromised. According to him, the freedom of the will plays an important role in choosing whether to do evil or righteous. It should be noted that Augustine used the concept of freedom to indicate that God has allowed man to choice between the righteous and the evil even though he has foreknowledge. In this case, freedom is a state of free will where man freely chooses what he desires to do. A point worth noting is that, when an individual performs righteous or evil actions; rewards, blames or punishments are warranted. In this relation, the free will is