ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The idea that some cultures went by the names “savage”, “civilized”, or “barbarous” is long gone and is viewed trying to revive the same stands out as racism. Nevertheless, the same notion comes out in different ways when people talk about other cultures for some argue that terms like “first world” and “third world” are euphemisms for more outdated terms. Some of the terms used to describe third world countries include developing countries, the global south, and/or lower income countries. Using the term “developing country” has had numerous criticisms as it shows that a country is inferior compared to a country that is already developed. The word developing means mobility and when talking in terms of development, there is no acknowledgement that the word may imply “static or decline”, especially in Southern African countries where the “word developing country” has an effect on such euphemism. Another term that describes third world country is “majority world”. All these new terms are now being preferred so that countries that are not much ahead in terms of development might not feel inferior or think they are doing nothing to alleviate their situation. Adults have created and maintained childhood innocence and from what I have read, innocence is not something that children are born with. Children are termed as innocent because the American culture regards the not-knowing state highly. Therefore, children engage in some activities as a way of rebelling against some of the expectations that adults have for them, particularly in terms of displaying sexuality as well as skillful controlling of their bodies. Parents as well as teachers have expectations that affect children in a big way. However, the society bestows parents and teachers with different feelings of expecting too much from their children. Anytime adults do not anticipate a certain level of achievement from children, children tend to lose confidence and thus underperform. In addition, they exude symptoms of anxiety, anger, and depression. On the other hand, too many expectations subject children to stress, which forces them to show anger, depression, and anxiety. Children rebel in ways such as blatantly refusing to do what is required of them be it household chores or cleaning their room or using bad language among others. Since parents expect their children to be well behaved, children act completely different so that they can prove their parents wrong. In my opinion, childhood’s innocence is undergoing a significant transformation especially concerning television shows, toys, and the Internet. According to recent studies, there is a great effect on children who watch TV and other different types of media. Children start learning language even in their mother’s womb, and this realization shows that children are very quick learners and will grasp whatever comes their way be it good or bad. Heavy exposure to the aforementioned elements increases the harmful effects of sex, smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse. According to a recent research, 93 per cent of children who watch different issues via the media have had sex at an earlier age. Therefore, in the light of these insights, childr
The judicial and legislative branches allow the government to organize and perform the coordination and control functions important for a state organization. In general, a government is accountable to the freely expressed will of the people. Public discontent need not have a specific justification. Regimes of ordinary competence are also condemned and replaced simply because they become emblematic of bureaucracy or of a tiresome status quo: a convenient scapegoat for frustrated voters. Though seemingly promiscuous, this practice of change for its own sake is also to be expected. The resulting uncertainty of administration is an inevitable concomitant of our political practices and, it can be argued, the price we pay for long-term regime stability. Popular contempt for government and its officers often occurs in understandable reaction to corruption, favoritism, and incompetence. Impatience with the dilatory nature of legislative and bureaucratic politics, or, alternatively, with hasty, ill-conceived acts, also fuels criticism. Reprisals against offending incumbents and parties at election time are logical expressions of these kinds of dissatisfaction. At any time, interest-oriented politics may lead to the deliberate creation of entrenched bureaucracies as a way of awarding political property rights to favored constituencies (Bouckaert & Pollitt 2004; Krieger, 2005). Public choice frameworks, especially when they incorporate principal-agent theory, can prove highly suggestive of the kinds of dynamics that affect the ongoing shaping and execution of legislative mandates and that shape executive roles. It should be clear that accountability is, at best, a complex concept, highly dependent on political context and irreducibly discretionary. Legislators create imperfect or incomplete mandates (Scheduler et al 1999). Thus bureaucratic agencies have substantial discretion to “complete” the process of making policy. While an agency’s emp
One of the main toxicology concepts is that all the effects are dose-dependent (Klaasen & Watkins, 2010). In other words, water that is taken in a big amount can lead to intoxication. Investigating water as a substance, two methods can be applied. First of all, one can consider water as a solution of pure water with other substances and compounds. Second of all, water in its pure distillated state should be also investigated. It is necessary to consider the criteria of toxicity in this case. Toxicity is revealed in mechanisms among which the following can be named: inhibition of oxygen transport, inhibition of electron transport chain, irritating, inhibition of enzymes, penetrating lipid structures, carcinogenic activity, teratogenic activity, radical damage, block of neurotransmission (Williams, James, & Roberts, 2002). As a result, for the estimation of substance toxicity, one should analyze the presence and force of the aforementioned factors. The inhibition of oxygen transport occurs due to the excess of CO which is produced by the unfinished combustion of organic compounds. This variant can be easily disproved in two ways. Firstly, water is an inorganic matter. Secondly, water combustion is possible in an atmosphere of fluorine with the hydrogen fluoride and the oxygen fluoride release. The inhibition of the electron transport chain is possible under the influence of zinc and cyanides, for example, hydrogen cyanide. Under these criteria consideration, it becomes obvious that the water molecule is not capable of being toxic. Inhibition of enzymes exists in the presence of hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, and metals. The concentration of heavy metals in water, i.e. higher than the maximum permissible level, can be hazardous to health. Penetration of lipid membranes occurs because of the activities of organic solvents like halogen derivatives and ethanol. It is well known that the solubility of ethanol in water is unlimited. Besides, everyone can experience the toxic effect of this solution. The irritant action of the toxic
The US Civil War is known today as an event that changed the lives of the general population greatly. Still, many people do not pay enough attention to those progressive alterations that happened before it. There were two closely related to each other movements that helped to form our present. The abolition movement, which dealt with the attempt to stop slavery, and the women’s rights movement, which was meant to allow females to enter the political life of the country. Initially, all women were not allowed to hold any positions that would have at least something to do with decision-making so that they could not lead others and affect the situation, in which the general public existed. Still, with the beginning of the abolition movement, many of them considered that it could be an opportunity for them to implement changes in society. Thus, they decided to take part in it. A great example, which shows the way the women’s rights movement emerged out of the abolition movement, can be described when speaking about women who were present at the Agents’ Convention of the American Anti-Slavery Society. In 1836, two females decided to streamline the anti-slavery process, participated in the convention, and then started to create their own abolition groups. In order to attract more people and become more influential, they held the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women in the next year. As a result, 200 females gathered in New York City. Still, at that time they only demanded the immediate abolition of slavery. The attention was paid to the adverse conditions of slavery and violation of “Christian principals and basic human right to equality” (Boundless par. 3). With the emphasis that females were treated unfairly, just like slaves, the activists continued fighting for their rights. However, it turned out that in order to implement such changes, women need to become more influential. Thus, those who participated in these movements also started to speak about equal rights for both genders, which included such topics as education, employment, and politics. In this framework, women’s suffrage was also underlined. The government considered that females should not interfere in the process and tried to silence them. However, it would not happen this way. Such change led to the beginning of the independent coexistence of women’s rights and abolition movements. The first convention that affected this situation critically was the 1848 Seneca Falls. It organized by a group of females who gathered under the leadership of Lucretia Mott (Uncle Tom’s Cabin & American Culture par.1). Soon they became known as Quaker women, who are treated as prominent representatives of the movement today. During this event, 30
The Chinese Civil War was one of the key conflicts in the 20th century and had a lasting impact on the development of the country and the lives of future generations of Chinese. This War was the third-largest conflict in history after World War I and World War II. The Chinese Civil War was also the most violent event in the history of this country. Beginning in 1927, the conflict between the Kuomintang (the Chinese Nationalist Party, KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) created a struggle that divided the country into two parts: the Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China. The War ended in 1950 and since that time China has not changed its political course or the leading party. Therefore, the significance of the Chinese Civil War for contemporary China lies in the change of the traditional way of political and economical development. The country was released from the control of the international warlords and imperialists. Analysis of the Chinese Civil War can help investigate the tendencies within the Chinese policy in the second part of the 20th century. The Civil War was the key moment in the history of the country which changed the face of the country’s development. According to Xia, “interest groups, the media, and public op
COVID-19 caused the disruption of major economic, educational and political institutes. It also provided the opportunity for the development of existing problems with regards to older adults – ageism. A certain trend emerged among youths that brought the vulgar discourse on social media platforms – hashtag #BoomerRemover (Fraser et al., 2020). It stemmed from the growing mortality rates from COVID-19 among older generations which is considered as the natural outcome by the said youths (Fraser et al., 2020). It also has an implication to boost the morale of healthy younger adults that might consider the pandemic as an insignificant threat to their health (Fraser et al., 2020). Therefore, careful improvement of public messaging with regards to the spread of disease, pandemic, or disaster needs to be done to mitigate the growing exclusion of older adults. Education and reevaluation of ethical practices that create such perceptions of the age-dependent value of life might become the solution for ageism. Numerous studies addressed ageism in the modern era, but little is known about the effectiveness of ageism mitigation programs. The research by Brunes et al. (2019) addresses the issues and provides a literature meta-analysis to provide a more feasible solution to the problem. The study concluded that ageism effects could be significantly reduced through education, intergenerational contact, and the combination of two practices (Brunes et al., 2019). The effectiveness of such interventions proved to be larger among females and adolescents, and young adult groups (Brunes et al., 2019). As a result, it is evident that careful introduction of ageism among youths and proper educational seminars or curriculum could possibly reduce the scope and prevent further development of the issue. Ageism is a form of prejudice that can have a significant economic implication. The article by Levy et al. (2018) demonstrated that ageism could be attributed to $63 billion spent on healthcare annually. This sum consists of three negative impacts of ageism with regard to stereotype embodiment theory. These impacts are age discrimination, negative age stereotypes about the elderly, and negative self-perceptions of aging with 11.1, 28.5, 33.7 billion dollars of excess costs, respectfully. Ageism was found to be responsible for 17.04 million cases of declined healthcare conditions. The study builds a strong case for large-scale interventions as it is necessary to address these economic implications. Reduction of ageism-related elderly hospitalization may reduce the costs of elderly medical assistance programs and life quality. T
The recent upsurge in the state of criminal activities and massacres has become a primary cause of concern not only to the legal authorities of the state of Illinois but to the entire populace as well. The high rate of loss of life has infuriated the general population of Illinois “at state legislators who have refused to grant citizens the right to carry concealed handguns” (Simon Stephanie, 2005). The ruthless massacres occurring at all public places including holy and religious places have increased the need for self defense among individuals. According to the article in L.A. Times, the “recent bloodshed” has seriously impacted the debate for legal control of guns and firearms in the states of Arizona, Illinois, Iowa and Washington (Simon Stephanie, 2005). As such, it has become essential for the legal authorities to permit people to carry firearms in self defense. What is alarming is the fact that only two states, ‘Wisconsin and Illinois’ refuse citizens the legal right to carry guns for self defense against criminals, whereas most states have granted people the “Right-to-Carry” (RTC). The right to self-defense is a fundamental right of the citizens of the United States of America and the RTC laws respect this right of the citizens, therefore, individuals must be allowed to carry firearms in order to protect themselves. Research and history have proven that the rate of violent crimes in the years 2004 and 2005, were the lowest since 1976 (BJS & FBI). Reports from the BATF confirm that since the year 1991, the rate of violent crimes has dropped substantially by thirty-eight percent, following the adoption of the RTC by twenty-three states, which increased the number of privately owned guns by w hopping seventy million. The FBI further affirms that the RTC states had lower crime rates as compared to the other states which did not have RTC (Note 1, FBI). Researcher John Lott (1996) has noted that states which have did not adopt RTC have produced elevated rates of crimes as compared to states which adopted RTC and have shown marked reduction in the crime rates. An article concerning a Michigan RTC law brushed aside false concerns of authorities who felt that permits to hold guns and firearms would increase the rates of elevated crimes due to high tempers in incidents such as traffic accidents and would be a serious threat to police officers. These concerns have also been falsified by National surveys that support the RTC law (Detroit News, 2001). It has also been proved that citizens, who have the RTC permit, are law abiding and are not likely to involve in crimes (Flori
Team and team decisions A team is a collection of people within an organization committed to accomplishing a common goal (De Janasz, Dowd & Schneider, 2012). It is true that teams that have access to a facilitator or process consultant perform well and yield results that surpass the performances of other teams. Extraordinary performances witnessed in teams characterized by facilitation or process consultation is a culmination of quality leadership exhibited by a facilitator or process consultant. A facilitator or a process consultant leads team members to formulate the goals and mission of a team. If the goals and mission of a team are established, then there is a high probability of a team performing extremely well because team members would aim to achieve the goals and mission (De Janasz et al., 2012). Facilitators and process consultants are important in the operations of a team because they enhance communication amongst team members. Communication goes a long way in enabling a team to perform excellently by promoting the expression and sharing of ideas (De Janasz et al., 2012). Problems may negatively impact the performance of a team. Team facilitators or process consultants help team members find solutions to both internal and external problems. Different strategies could be utilized to find short-term and long-term solutions. Decisions made by a team about operations greatly impact performance outcomes. Poor decisions result in poor performance while good decisions lead to excellent performance. Team facilitators and process consultants help team members arrive at sound decisions aimed to improve performance. Therefore, a team needs to seek the services of a team facilitator or process consultant to have excellent performance. Interpersonal communication Thank you for your insightful post on interpersonal communication. I support your assertion that people who have excellent interpersonal communication skills succeed both personally and professionally. Managers in many organizations aim to promote interpersonal communication amongst employees so that performance could improve. When working in a team, self-disclosure is a crucial aspect that helps individuals to achieve the common goals of a team. If a person has self-disclosure skills, then others learn about him or her through consistent interactions. Interestingly, you know that you have to work on self-disclosure when people ask you whether you are angry. This implies that facial expression is an important aspect that defines your interaction with other people. People could show concern when they see you angry, and they would want to talk to you so that they motivate and encourage you. I think you have answered the question and I like the way you have cited your sources of information. Control and empowerment of employees Thank you for your good post on empowerment and control. The
Executive Summary The Royal Bank of Canada (RY on TSX and NYSE) with its subsidiaries has been operating under the master brand name RBC. Being the largest bank in Canada as far as assets measurements and capitalization of the market, RBC is also one of the giant banks across the globe, as far as market share and capitalization is concerned. As one of North America’s leading diversified financial services companies, their business segment is meant to provide personal and commercial banking, wealth management services, insurance, corporate and investment banking, and transaction processing services on a global basis they have employed approximately 79,000 full- and part-time employees who serve close to 18 million personal, businesses, public sector, and institutional clients through offices in Canada, the U.S. and 50 other countries. Their global expansion (outside Canada) provides RBC with new opportunities to diversify its revenue streams, grow its earnings base, and build its wealth management and capital markets businesses. Their capital markets capabilities are by far the most global of any Canadian bank. They are also the only Canadian bank with a global wealth management capability. They are now the sixth-largest full-service brokerage firm in the U.S., serving correspondent clients and individual investors directly with over 2,100 financial. They have continued to extend their capabilities in fixed income and currency, and are a top-five Gilt-edged market maker. To deliver value to their clients and sustain top quartile results for shareholders, they make sustaining a high-performance, high-employee engagement culture a priority. RBC is environmentally conscious, in that it has proper mechanisms of ensuring the environment is preserved to date, it is in its course of implementing this goal as well. RBC is committed to a path of environmental sustainability. This means reducing their environmental footprint, promoting environmentally responsible business activities, and offering environmentally responsible products and services. They believe that fulfilling their goals in these areas will lead to short and long-term benefits for shareholders, clients, employees, and the communities in which they live and conduct businesses. They have been leaders in environmental management in their sector for many years. RBC’s Environmental Blue printTM sets out its corporate environmental policy, priorities, and objectives. To fully realize their commitments to their community service in the matters of environment several elements have been placed in place to ensure nothing is left to chance, these environmental elements guidelines inc
“After a Life” by Yiyun Li is a short story that illustrates some major domestic peculiarities. It features two families that are experiencing such problems, as parenthood and marriage, each of them unhappy in its own way. One couple – Mr. and Mrs. Su have a sick child whom they conceal from the outside world. The other family – Mr. and Mrs. Fong are also not the happiest, as the husband’s long lost love for his wife had transformed into a feeling for a young woman that is fit to be his daughter. The above circumstances of having to hide a sick daughter from one side and marital betrayal of a husband from the other makes the involved characters feel ashamed. Shame is the feeling that can be observed as the major theme filling the lives of both portrayed families. Concerning the Su family, the sense of shame is noticeable even back in the childhood years of Mr. and Mrs. Su. As they were first cousins, who fell in love in the beginning of their teenage years, planned to get married, and both their families have been opposing to their decision. This doubtlessly induced a somewhat disgraceful feeling in both of them. But in spite of all oppositions from the side of relatives, they still decided to get married. “My wife and I are first cousins. Everybody opposed the marriage, but we got married any­way. You just do it”. (p. 29). And this was a courageous thing to do. Mrs. Su still experiences a great deal of shame. This becomes evident when she becomes overanxious of a thought that her daughter might be seen by a stranger, and the society will become aware of her struggle. So she hides from the world her poor disabled 28 year old daughter Beibei, who is suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis. She is so afraid that someone might discover her secret that she tightly shuts the curtains in her child’s bedroom, and still worries about people being able to see her through cracks in the wall. “Of all the people in the world, a private detec­tive will certainly be the one to find out about Beibei”. (p. 33). The par