ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A two-party system of the USA is a practice that has been developed and perfected over the years. Democrats and Republicans represent the interests of the entire population and ensure the functioning of the system, despite the existence of other political forces. Consequently, the current political system is thriving today, and any third party needs to present a program that takes into account the interests of all groups of society at once to win. The websites of Democrats and Republicans represent entirely different approaches and ideas as the parties do. The target audience of Republicans are representatives of “real Americans” who want to protect the country from migrants and external threats. Democrats take into account the interests of all residents, including migrants and insecure people; for example, the site has a version in Spanish (Democratic National Committee). Both sites clearly show the image of the parties with both photographs and headlines: Republicans demonstrate a stricter and more radical policy, while Democrats are more focused on liberal changes. Perhaps Republicans should reduce the number of articles with headlines criticizing Democrats and increase the number of discussing political issues on the site, for example, add education and retirement security to attract regular workers (House Republicans). At the same time, the Reform Party website is noticeably weaker, since the issues are described briefly. Their ideas are similar t
The Christian Sports International Organization is an organization founded in 1990 in the state of Pennsylvania. This organization helps in the development of children’s sports programs, as well as for everyone who wants to develop in the direction of the sports. In addition, this organization promotes all participants to allow them to live their lives for the sake of Jesus Christ. The organization strives to attract as many children as possible, not only in cities but also in villages worldwide. The mission of this organization is to change hearts and thoughts thanks to the good news from Jesus Christ through joint activities and physical activity related to sports. The organization promotes serving God and taking part in sports events. More and more children are being involved in the activities of the Christian Sports International Organization. The organization promotes many sports, especially BMX. The company has entered the international level to attract young people from all over the world as actively as possible. My associations with this organization are incredibly positive. The first is that the Christian Sports International Organization preaches love for Jesus Christ. I respect all religions, and I am glad that such organizations support them and dedicate young people to them. The second is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle that the organization conducts. It is carried out by inviting children and young people to participate in various sports events. This helps improve and strengthen health, develop coordination, and has a beneficial effect on the body. Any organization dealing with the relationship of sports with aspects of Christianity will continue to find a response and increase the value for a broader understanding of sports, culture and human living conditions. (McLeod et al., 2018). The organization is quite effective, as the number of new participants is growing. Reference McLeod, H., Justvik, N. and Hess, R. (2018). Sport and Christianity: Historical Perspectives – An Introduction . The International Journal of the History of Sport, 35 (1), 1-8.
Introduction The main points of Leadbeater’s TED (2005) talk revolved around the fact that many innovations as we know them today did not come from extensive research and experiments conducted by large corporations. On the contrary, many innovations emerged as a result of consumers’ demands, such as the mountain bike, for example. Users are crucial for innovation and inventions because they are the ones deciding whether a new product is a ‘hit’ or a ‘miss,’ the same way that they decide what new innovative features should be added to the product to improve. For an entrepreneur, this idea presents a great opportunity: involving potential customers in product development. For instance, in the development of an app, an entrepreneur can give free ‘test drives’ to see whether the app is meeting consumers’ demands and find out additional features to incorporate into the app. Smith-Corona’s Failure Gutsche explained Smith-Corona’s inability to adapt to the technological trends through not experiencing a crisis. The company’s sales were on the rise; however, technology-oriented businesses improved and saw a great opportunity in developing new products in a crisis because customers were still buying things (Trend Hunter, 2010). Smith-Corona failed because customers started to re-evaluate what was the most important during the crisis and abandoned old technologies that were not relevant anymore. The company did not identify a new opportunity nor did it try to make a change because the management thought that customers would continue buying typewriters during the time of a technological boom and re-evaluation of consumer needs. This case is not an example of the Innovator’s Dilemma because the company did not even consider dedicating itself to producing PC and fell behind in comparison to its competitors. Battery Life Innovation According to the article by Divon (2014), G batteries were placed in a difficult position and had to solve an ethical problem of whether to sell their technology to a multi-millionaire company that did not share the same values or collaborates with smaller businesses that supported the ideas of environmental sustainability. The battery industry’s reluctance to accept new technologies can be categorized as the Innovator’s Dilemma since it would take time for the technology to ‘kick in’ and bring both profit and environmental benefit while there is an opportunity to continue selling old technologies and acquiring even bigger profit. Blue Ocean Strategy and Start-up Ideation In the spirit of discussion of environmental sustainability, the proposed blue ocean combination that has no competitor on the market is the creation of anti-theft bike handlebars with an internal lock. Anyone has encountered the problem of stolen bikes whether at school or work, so it could be a useful inventi
An individual’s personal history and family of origin teaches one either to jump into a conflict and blow it up or to stay away from it, thus avoiding it. Individuals can have 3 types of family of origin. They can either be from an avoidant family, where everybody believes in avoiding their conflicts, collaborative family, where people live in collaboration or an aggressive family where people yell at each other all the time and are thus, aggressive towards each other. Our interactions with different people from our childhood are also included in our personal history. Alongside, “ Culture plays an important role in gender development. ” (Hocker, 2007, p. 54). Thus, those with difficult upbringing react a little more defensively than others. Like Frank’s personal history and family origin taught him “ that given enough time, these kinds of problems will work themselves out ” (Case Study, 2008, p. 3), but Reno’s taught him that “ that we should deal with our problems mano-a-mano ”. (Case Study, 2008, p. 3) So while Frank believed that he should avoid a conflict, Reno believed that he should confront the cause of the conflict. But Linda believed that they should both resolve their problems and thus, work in a collaborative manner. Ones cultural diversity also plays an important role in determining ones perception of conflict. Cultural natures are of two types – collectivistic and individualistic. Every culture has its own perception on conflict and depending on their cultures, individuals are taught to handle issues of conflicts right from their childhood. For example, people in the West, like in USA, believe in self-expression and personal independence relatively more than other cultures since they are more individualistic in nature (Bandura, 2005). They believe that harmony can be achieved through expression of ones emotion and conflicts are resolved through competition or collaboration. Based on this we can assume that both Reno and Linda belong to some Western country since Reno believes in dealing with his problems out front and Linda believes that Reno and Frank should work by collaboration with one another and talk with each other face to face since, she says “ Have you tried to talk with him, one-on-one, about how you’re feeling? ” (Case Study, 2008, p.1). But other cultures believe that avoidance is a prized possession. Like with Frank who does not want to resolve his issues with Reno and believes in avoiding conflicts. Similarly, gender also affects one’s perception of conflict. Men have been found to frequently display a competitive and dominating behavior like Frank does when he repeats several times “ I’m the office manager ” (Case Study, 2008, p.1) and demands that Reno should listen to him. But since women have a compromising nature and are normally found to be in li
Introduction The modern world is often called “a consumer world” because the influence of business and especially trade upon the lives of ordinary human beings is immense. Drawing from this, the great attention that business and branding as its part have recently had among scholars can be easily explained. Based on the scholarly works, nowadays every average person knows what a brand is, what it means, and what it serves for (Addis and Holbrook 2001). However, such an understanding is not enough for business companies that have recently started experiencing issues connected with their attempts to extend and develop their brands. The point here is that the latest examples of such attempts of brand extension are rather infamous because the companies Martha Stewart Living Omni-media, Ford Motor Co., etc. have failed their branding initiatives. Berthon, Holbrook, & Hulbert (2003) address the causes of these failures in their article and offer the theoretical framework for effective brand management. Literature Review/Theoretical Foundations The very focus of the article is the phenomenon of the so-called “brand space”, which is understood by the authors as the tool of understanding and successful management of a brand: A brand can be closely associated with, or independent from, a specific product or service; it can focus on what the product or service can do, or on what it means. Together those two dimensions define a brand space, a conceptual tool for better brand management (Berthon, Holbrook, & Hulbert, 2003). Thus, brand space is a central notion of the article under consideration. The chapters of the article explain how the brand space should be understood, analyzed, and successfully used for brand management. Developing their idea of the brand space, Berthon, Holbrook, & Hulbert (2003) exemplify their argument with the most numerous mistakes made by different companies with the intention of brand development but leading to brand decline. Accordingly, criticizing numerous famous companies for their mistakes in brand management, Berthon, Holbrook, & Hulbert (2003) suggest their own specifically developed tool for this activity. It is called “brand space” that refers to two basic dimensions including the level of abstraction the product or brand has, and the level of enactment it is characterized by. Provided the company understands where its brand stands in this space, this company is able to direct it correctly so that to ensure the proper brand management and avoid any redundancies possible. In
Google’s History, Development and Growth As stated by Jeremy (2005), before introduction of libraries of data, information could be commonly accessed from both institutional and public libraries. However, storage of information in such libraries posed several challenges such as tedious selection, cataloguing and classification of information for easier accessibility, slow criteria of adding books into the library and limited physical book storage capacity that could not accommodate further book additions. Libraries of data were found to provide solutions to some of these problems. They have programmes that aid in data storage and as their electronic cost reduces with an increase in date compression, extra data can be stored within the same space at reduced cost. As long as data is arranged in forms that computers can process, data pre-arrangement and scientific classification is unnecessary. Additionally, there exist computer programmes that can both compile and update data base indexes perpetually. Search engines are not limited by physical location, language, organizational or shelving arrangements. Web servers containing internet data are unconfined and not centrally managed. As such, they can reach a broad spectrum of users. This has paved way for rapid growth of internet data, a multiple times faster than addition of information to any physical library. This can be compared well by looking at the growth of information on the Google search engine and the library of Congress. About one billion pages were added to Google’s indexes annually, from 2001 to 2004. Library of Congress’ total page count in at least ten years could not have matched this. This was soon before doubling the volume of information that Google could search, indicating rapid growth of web information. Towards the end of 2004, Google announced its intention to liaise with some institutions to provide some of the already printed books in electronic form. This was meant to encourage usage of printed materials and libraries rather than replace them. After merging with major academic learning libraries and publishers, there was a reported increase in usage of libraries. This has made it easy for people to access information in a convenient manner through a library without walls. As MacKinnon, (2006) argues, there were earlier problems between Google and the Chinese government in 2002. The government of China had temporarily blocked its people from accessing the Google search engine. However, this freeze was lif
The last decades saw the emergence of an extremely diverse workforce. Even though the generational diversity is not a qualitatively new phenomenon—different workforce demographics have been working together for many years—the multi-generational character of the modern workplaces is undergoing a period of transformation (Joy & Haynes, 2011). Given that the pensions crisis and considerable progress in age discrimination legislation have forced older workers to prolong their retirement, it is necessary to consider the issue of multigenerational interactions. The aim of this paper is to discuss multi-generational working environments from a human resource (HR) professional perspective. The paper will also explicate selection, recruitment, and training practices that are necessary to create a workforce environment, which is characterized by a high level of diversity. Discussion Importance It is impossible to overestimate the importance of a multi-generational workforce for organizations that are willing to gain a competitive advantage in their industries. The prolongation of workplace regeneration cycles has allowed people with different sets of attitudes, beliefs, and values to share knowledge with each other, thereby making the working environment more flexible, which is essential in effective task achievement (Bennett, Pitt, & Price, 2012). Unfortunately, a multi-generational workforce is associated with conflict that might arise if it is not properly managed. According to Bennett et al. (2012), “the global redundancies, rationalization, and reorganization resulting from the recent economic crisis have undoubtedly led to increased intergenerational conflict” (p. 280). Despite the risk of intergenerational conflict, there are many benefits of intergenerational diversity such as appropriation of aging cohorts, attraction of new clients, employees, stakeholders, and business partners, fulfillment of legal requirements, and a large recruitment base among others (Walt & Plessis, 2010). Recruitment and Selection When it comes to selection and recruitment of a multigenerational workforce, managers of organizations have to remember and appreciate the differences of each generational cohort. In order to do
Abstract Racial discrimination against Asian American students has been common among many colleges in the United States. The perpetual foreigner stereotype has been popular in this country for years. However, this research clearly shows that no one benefits from such negative environments. Every member of society has a role to play in the fight against this stigma. Students, administrators, the staff, and political leaders all have a role to play in promoting social integration and unity in the colleges. Introduction Background Social identify and stigma are very common terms in many institutions of higher learning within the United States. According to Chan (2005), the issue of racial discrimination has persisted in the United States for years despite the efforts that have been put in place by several people and groups to fight it. The racial identity is still used to define the possible character of groups of people instead of basing judgment of an individual’s character. In the United States, minority groups such as African Americans are always associated with crime, drug abuse, and unruly behavior. This stigmatization is still evident in many colleges around the country. Asian Americans are some of the most affected groups when it comes to stigmatization on the basis of race. Some scholars have argued that Asian Americans are denied admissions into some of the Ivy Colleges even if they have the necessary qualifications that the Whites do not have (Chae & Walters, 2009). Some of these Asian American students have complained that they do not get equal treatment at these colleges to what their Whites colleagues get in areas such as sports. Most of the games popular among Asian American students are rarely sponsored by most of the colleges in the United States. Racial discrimination is very rife among the student community. Col
Definition of Architecture Architecture refers to either the product or the process of planning, designing, and construction. This term is however broad in meaning and in this case our reference pertains to the art of designing and constructing buildings. The reason architecture is very important is perhaps the tendency we have in recognizing historical civilizations by their surviving architectural achievements. This paper seeks to trace the history of architecture and especially the changes it has undergone. In addition, exploration is in respect to regions, traditions, dates, and overarching stylistic trends. It is also important to note that, the use of arched and vaulted forms in architecture has occasioned the development of several new technologies in materials, structure, plan, and building forms as discussed hereby. Neolithic Architecture Perhaps it is noteworthy that architecture spans over many years before the modern world, having begun in the Neolithic period. The neolithic architecture was common in Neolithic cultures living in Southwest Asia as early as 10000 BC. From there, it spread eastwards and westwards to places such as Syria and Iraq in 8000 BC, as well as in Southern Europe by 7000 BC and ev
Introduction Business entities are characterised by structures that coordinate and operate interdependently towards the attainment of predetermined goals. Efficiency in the various departments is essential for the sustainability of an enterprise. An implication of streamlined activities facilitated by synergy in the different teams depicts the collective roles of individuals towards the success of the whole (Miles & Snow 2003). In this respect, the administration of organisations through the enhancement of stable structures fosters an organisational culture that seeks to improve operations in the event of continuity or transitions. This paper will explore the implications of the employees’ work meaning and motivation in hierarchical and flat organisational structures to the success of a corporation. Work meaning and motivation in structural, organisational performance The human factor in an organisation plays an integral role in ensuring that the structures work collaboratively towards the accomplishment of the set goals. In this respect, employees find their meaning to work and have to be motivated for the enrichment of the organisation’s performance. Therefore, an organisation that intends to have smooth and sustainable transitions in its organisational structures needs to embrace the significance of the employees’ roles in their operations. In a bid to facilitate sustainability, the elements of leadership and operations need to be factored for the team performance to be optimum, thus resulting in desired outcomes (Dik, Byrne & Steger 2013). The meaning that employees find in their line of work affects them psychologically, thus influencing their output. In this regard, employees find meaning in work when they are engaged in the various operations of the organisation (Urich, Urich & Goldsmith 2010). This aspect entails engagement in aspects such as decision-making and delegated duties. The human resource aspect tends to be influenced by the leadership skills employed by the top managers in their administrative duties. The role of leadership in an organisational structure is to influence the behaviour of employees towards a culture that promotes productiveness and sustainability. The workplace environment is perceived to be meaningful when the employees’ contributions or leadership roles in projects is fostered. In this case, employees find the essence of their development in an organisation since they are subjected to various responsibilities such as leadership in the execution of projects that need quality inputs for the realisation of the team and organisational goals (Mautz 2015). The definition of work facilitates an effective transition of organisational structures through the facilitation of employee accountability. The big “O” outcome target would be achieved when the responsibility of workers is outlined in a manner that considers cumulative structural effects (Gibbons 2015). Therefore, the enhancement of work meaning lies in the notion of accountability and responsibility among workers. Employees depict motivated obedience intrinsically by conforming to the organisational culture (Mautz 20