ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Sugar is ever-present in supermarkets and shops yet, sugarcane is only harvested at only certain periods of the year. Even after harvesting, the sugar cane needs to be processed and then transported to the consumer. To make the sugar available throughout the year, it has to be stored in large quantities after processing before distribution to consumers. Other products like tomatoes are perishable and go bad quickly. Great planning must be done to ensure that the tomatoes are always available whenever a customer goes to the market. If they have to be stored, they must be stored in special conditions and at only specific periods. From the two examples, it is obvious that raw materials and finished products need to be stored and then transported to where consumers are in time (Harland, 56). A company needs to make use of a competent inventory model for it to be competitive as a business enterprise. Companies involved in manufacturing and supplying enjoy a lot of benefits by running on a linear inventory scope (Wang, 212). The benefits include; minimization of operating capital, rise in sales, and exceptional fulfillment of consumers. Research has shown that if companies can have a well-planned and controlled inventory, they will be successful (Mikkola, 238). Supervising an inventory is a challenging job especially if the company manufactures thousands of products and is retailed in over 500 points (Larson and Halldorsson, 431). It is even more difficult if these points fall under different echelons. In a multi-echelon global supply system, these points fall in countries far from the country of production. If a company has such a large market, there is a great possibility that some retailers will be at one-time luck products to sell. What usually happens in a multi-echelon network is that products are first shipped to a region’s central storage building or warehouse (Lavassani, 368). Afterward, the products are then transported to other minor distribution centers and then to the various retail shops where consumers can purchase from. This method has been used by many corporations, whether big or small, to distribute their products. Products distributed by this model range from drugs, beverages, vehicle parts, and furniture (Kaushik, 542). For example, some of the Dell laptops manufactured in China are usually shipped to Nairobi Kenya which is the region’s distribution center; the region being East Africa. Afterward, the laptops are then transported to about 15 distribution centers like Mombasa, Kampala, and Dodoma. Once the laptops are available in the distribution centers, they will be transported to the retail shops w
Abstract Considering the “Customer Service” situation, it is common for a consumer to engage employees who are never mindful of the customer satisfaction or the loyalty. The food industries suffer strongly from such situations where employees especially the service men/women treat clients negligently as if they were a burden to their work. Sometimes the employees become rude or obnoxious. It is often easy to find or hear advertisements state that ‘the customer can have the services their way,’ but this is a rare occurrence. The customer services seem to be on a downhill trend today. This paper considers a situation of rude treatment of the customers by the food industries employees. What solutions can be applicable in such situations? The paper applies both the persuasive and scientific thinking as the solution to the situation. Solutions by Persuasive Thinking Customers’ satisfaction and customer loyalty are two quite different but logically utilized business concepts in food service industries, as very important marketing strategies. According to the industrial experts, when the customer is satisfied, the business gains a huge leap on their faith and thus the continual loyalty. Marketing and customer relationship is achievable when the service experts such as the waiters/waitress use strategic approaches to ensure customer satisfaction. In line with Crowder et al (2007), this is a logical counter measure to retaining customers as well as maximizing business profits. Today, logical marketing entails rationality as opposed to the common transitional approach of advertising. According to the American Marketing Association (2008), marketing is a function of an organization, which involves the process of creating and respecting customers’ values in persuasion of their requests for services. It also entails friendly correspondence and deliveries as a measure of managing or ensuring good relationships for maximum benefits. In accordance with Harker and Egan, (2006), the persuasive style/appr
A determinate sentence is one in which the law specifies imprisonment duration. The law defines a range of definite sentences that the judge can issue, upon considering the circumstances of the crime. An example is a law that penalizes heavily anyone convicted of a second felony. These sentences are mostly employed in the war against drugs and crime. An indeterminate sentence on the other hand has no fixed duration. The convict does not know exactly when they will be released (VanDervort, 2000). Such a sentence would be stated as 4 to 10 years. The actual number of years served depends on the convict’s behavior. If he behaves well, the parole board reduces the sentence. Mandatory sentences are those explicitly spelled out by the law. The judge has no power to change any part of the sentence to suit the offender. The sentencing of celebrities and common people is similar. In my opinion, the justice system does not discriminate against the people in the limelight. I would consider the case of Paris Hilton who was sentenced to 45 days in jail. This punishment was fair considering the misdemeanors she had been engaged in. The celebrity also violated the terms of her parole.
The technological advancement and expansion of biomedical knowledge may assist pregnant women in delivery and may help them avoid multiple birth complications. The medical and obstetric assistance are especially important when a woman’s health condition is unsatisfactory, and there are fewer chances for the positive pregnancy outcomes. However, many women in the USA prefer natural childbirth which implies minimum obstetric and medical assistance. The choice of a particular birth option can be influenced by the cultural and social backgrounds of a woman, the availability of support resources, and potential health risks. The choice of an appropriate childbirth option is important because it can help to prevent birth complications that may threaten the psychological and physical well-being of a pregnant woman and affect infant development in a negative way. Hospital birth is a common option for labor and delivery. Traditional hospital birth is associated with medical support and professional supervision during the gestation period. Many hospitals in the USA provide prenatal care practices such as parenting and childbirth training which help women to reduce stress and to feel more secure. Although hospital birthing is commonly perceived in close relation to medical interference and regarded as “unnatural,” many US medical settings give women an opportunity to have more “natural” delivery without medication yet with the assistance of a midwife (Miller & Shriver, 2012). However, in the emergency situations, technological and obstetric interventions are needed for the maintenance of maternal health and infant survival. Nowadays, about 26% of births in the USA were supported by the surgical interference, and the researchers consider that many of such deliveries were unrelated to the factors of maternal health and child’s survival (Crossley, 2007). It is observed that the rates of caesarean deliveries have risen dramatically in a few decades, and it is considered that women may prefer medicated hospital childbirth because it is commonly associated with a high level of professional expertise and less painful experience (Miller & Shriver, 2012). The natural home births became very popular. Many women prefer to reduce medical control and management in labor and delivery. Natural delivery often takes place at home among the family members, and because of the comfortable conditions and psychological support the woman may feel less stressed. Natural home childbirth is often idealized and regarded as the best option, but the lack of pregnancy monitoring may provoke adverse outcomes and birth complications. Therefore, at least a small amount of obstetric supervision is still important to ensure the positive pregnancy outcomes. Factors of Childbirth Decisions There are close interrelations between cultural
Ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cells, derived from mesodermal epithelium of gonadal ridges, are flattened mesothelium of peritoneum separated from underneath ovarian stroma by a basement membrane and a connective tissue layer, tunica albuginea (Leung & Choi, 2007). OSE occupies the entire ovarian lining and varies in morphology from simple squamous to cuboidal to low pseudostratified columnar. OSE participates in transporting and exchanging nutrients and other bioactive metabolites from the peritoneal cavity and ovary. Despite their inconspicuous appearance, OSE actively participates in the ovulatory cycle. Studies in rabbits and sheep have revealed that OSE produces proteolytic enzymes that degrade the basement membrane and apical follicular wall thereby softening the ovarian surface and facilitating ovulation. At pre-ovulation, OSE in proximity to the rupture site undergoes apoptotic cell death, and the wound caused by ovulation is repaired by highly proliferating OSE cells from the surroundings of the ruptured follicle. OSE cell proliferation also occurs at the post-ovulatory phase especially in a post-menopausal woman when due to aging of the ovary; the epithelial line invaginates, producing crypts and glands, which eventually develop into cysts within the stromal compartment. Although mostly benign, these cysts can turn malignant and initiate epithelial cancerous growth. Approximately 90% of human ovarian cancer origin from OSE, whereas follicular granulosa cells (GC’s), stroma, or germ cells account for the rest of the incidences (Vanderhyden, Shaw & Ethier, 2003). Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fourth most common cancer in females around the world and the most lethal gynecological malignancy. It has been hypothesized that repeated cycles of ovulation-induced trauma and repair of the OSE at the site of ovulation contribute to malignancy. A host of tumorigenesis factors, viz. cytokeratin, desmoplakin, transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and receptors for estrogen, progesterone and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are expressed by OSE. The “incessant ovulation hypothesis” proposes that repeated ovulations and concomitant ovarian surface rupture and OSE mitosis to heal the wound, makes the OSE susceptible to mitogenic factors and other genotoxic radicals. It is well known that pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) development. Additionally, it has been reported that EOC is absent in animal species where seasonal ovulation and multiple pregnancies take place. Suppression of ovulation and steroid production by the pre-ovulatory follicles are the main significant alteration that occurs within the ovary during pregnancy. Although pregnancy is proposed as protective factor against ovarian cancer, the mechanism by which it may enhance this effect is not elucidated. Rodent’s isolated OSE cells, continuously maintained in proliferative conditions, after several rounds of subcultures acquired malignant features including loss of contact inhibition, substrate-independ
Introduction “Nothing endures but change” said the famous Greek philosopher, Heraclitus of Ephesus (ca. 535 BC – 475 BC). There are many variants to what he said like “Change is the only constant”. Nevertheless we live in a world that is changing constantly. We constantly change and redesign the things we are so used to. The fonts used by leading newspapers are sourced after much research, taking into consideration the legibility, clarity and printing space. These fonts are the by products of extensive study and are designed by state of the art type foundries who employ individual type designers who specialize in custom newspaper fonts. The typography used in a newspaper represents a sample of the state of the medium. The typography used in today’s newspapers has both conservative traits. In that the fonts used are only subtle innovations and the changes are marginal but tailor-made for this century. 1 2 3 Mario Garcia, who has worked on the redesign of dozens of newspapers worldwide, notes “that much of his work is driven by the need to make this relatively ancient news medium a reading experience attuned to 21st-century habits. “I think there is a more impatient reader,” he says. “Newspapers are not the sole providers of news anymore, and we have to make them more appealing.” Type sizes are getting larger, he notes, citing a recent redesign of the St. Petersburg Gazette which took body copy up to an unprecedented 10 points. (The standard in the 1980s was 7.5 points, he says.) This trend corresponds with an aging readership with ailing eyesight. Garcia’s team recently broke convention with a free newspaper in the Dominican Republic, El Expreso, which adopts a small, half-tabloid format providing a high-speed read of the daily news—in theory piquing the interest enough to prompt the reader to purchase its larger, traditional parent newspaper, Listin Diario. Launched in May 2001, El Expreso proved extremely popular, with a 120,000 print run and advertising sold in advance for its first three years. In Garcia’s view, more newspapers need to accommodate the reader who wants to get through the news in “seven to eleven minutes flat.” 4 To say that the face of printing and associated technologies have changed in the last couple of years, would be to state the obvious. There is no doubt that printing, like all other fields, has changed to such an extent that it is difficult to even visualize how the process of printing was, half a century ago. From a manual process of typesetting to the present digitalized world of printing, a whole new process has evolved, proving that technological advancements shape every single sphere of our lives. 5 If one were to take a close look at the journey that the print media has made from the Gutenberg era till where it is now, there is a strong correlation in the kind of fo
Many claims are surrounding the so-called digital generation, including the ones discussed in class. The concept of digital natives and immigrants, proposed by Marc Prensky, is a much-debated topic among scholars in education and technology. There were several articles where different scholars tried to disprove Prensky’s theories. The authors of these articles argue with Prensky and break his arguments from various perspectives. Firstly, it is essential to view the article of Sue Bennett, Karl Maton, and Lisa Kervin called “The ‘digital natives debate: A critical review of the evidence”. Bennet and her teammates do not support Prensky’s claim that there is a distinctive new generation of people who are performing generally better when it comes to the field of technology and that there will be a drastic change in education to support that performance. Their main argument that in his research, Prensky lacks genuine evidence of his claims (Bennet et al., 2008). They also argue that there is no such concept as ‘moral panic’ because the generations are not differentiated that deeply. They also say that the relationship between young people (“digital natives”) and technology is much more complicated than Prensky initially anticipates. While it is true that technology is an essential part of young people’s lives, it is also true that there is no evidence of a widespread and universal distinctive difference in learning styles of older and younger generations. They back up their claims by using several academic pieces of research, which is more convincing than Prensky’s claims with weak evidence and mostly assumptions. Moreover, the authors make several assumptions, where they claim that multitasking is a skill that every generation possesses; however, it is not as useful as one may think. As the authors declare, multitasking diverts attention from one main task and makes a person more forgetful and sloppy (Bennet et al., 2008). Furthermore, they assume that educational games are not as popular and useful as Prensky claims. Consequently, they conclude that teaching style is not bound to the technologies and their usage, and it is not universal for the whole generation; instead, the learning style is unique to every person, and that is why an individual approach and understanding will be more beneficial to all. The second article, which disproves Prensky’s claim, is Mark Bullen, Tannis Morgan, Adnan Qayyum’s article called “Digital Learners in Higher Education: Generation is Not the Issue”. They have also not found evidence that digital literacy is something that relates to a particular generation. Their main claim is that the stereotyping of the whole age group is not beneficial. They also conclude that each person is unique in their learning style, and there are bound to be diverse teaching programs aimed to teach children with different learning styles. Moreover, they support their claims by using a plethora of academic research, which seems more convincing than Prensky’s conjectures and stereotypes. They conclude that the change in higher education is needed; however, that change n
I would like to thank you for such an interesting and properly-organized post about the case of hyperlipidemia. I think your diagnosis for this 48-year-old-overweight African American woman is correct. Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition that is characterized by a high level of lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol) that can be discovered with the help of special blood tests. In assessing and diagnosing patients, attention should be paid to such risks as weight change or obesity/overweight, smoking, a sedentary style of life, and meat/dairy diets. Rare chest pain and unpredictable cramping because of physical exercises or extensive walking may also signalize about hyperlipidemia. Taking into consideration such factors as race and gender of a patient, it is necessary to underline that a treatment plan has to be carefully developed. On the one hand, there are many studies about hyperlipidemia and the similarities of its signs and symptoms in men and women, which do not require a radically different approach to treatment (Phan & Toth, 2014). During the assessment, one should remember that men usually have lower cholesterol levels compared to women. On the other hand, the presence of certain biological characteristics like menopause or a level of hormones at different ages cannot be ignored. The investigations of Safford et al. (2015) show that risks for coronary heart disease complications are higher among black men (about 47%) and women (about 41%) compared to white men (about 42%) and women (about 28%). Therefore, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women can affect the treatment of hyperlipidemia (Phan & Toth, 2014). Statin therapy is effective in decreasing cardiovascular risks in both male and female patients (Phan & Toth, 2014). More attention and evaluation of concomitant factors can help to rule out more severe complications.
Introduction Criminal law refers to that branch of law charged with the responsibility of punishing crimes committed against the public where it deals with felonies, misdemeanors and treason. Misdemeanors refer to minor crimes under law while felonies are serious crimes serving harsh mandatory sentences [1] . Treason on the other hand is also a serious form of crime under criminal law as it not only violates public interest but also tends to threaten the welfare and national security of a nation [2] . Criminal law is imposed through a process known as criminal procedure where a person found guilty has the intentions of committing a criminal act or has already committed it. Domestic violence which involves battering is perhaps one of the most common occurring criminal offenses in the world that is least reported. Battery usually comes in a number of forms incorporating all manner of harmful and threatening acts. There are those cases where battery escalates to kicking, choking, hitting with objects, sexual assault and ultimately end in death [3] . Essay One of the major mistakes majority of individuals make is to believe that battered women tend to bring the violence upon themselves and that if they really desired to leave they could do so easily. Such people do not stop and think that perhaps these battered women are being held hostage in their own homes and are psychologically being abused in an effort of breaking down their will and bring them under control [4] . However, domestic violence or battery is punishable under law where its criminalization has led to the enigma being defined legislatively and legally [5] . In other words it is currently prosecuted as a crime by attorneys even though no charges are brought against the abuser by the victim and where their assistance is not required. Case Study and elaboration of Battered Woman Syndrome A case study is given where W has been beaten and bullied by her husband H for a number of years. One night after enduring yet another beating, W decides that she has had enough of the abuse. In the middle of the night, she soaks the bed where her husband is sleeping soundly with gasoline then drops a lighted match onto the bed. H dies a slow and painful death after two weeks in hospital. On trial for the second degree murder of H, W pleads self defense. Looking at the case study, it is obvious to conclude that W suffered what is called the Battered Woman Syndrome. This is a form of post traumatic stress mostly suffered by women who have been victims of consistent and/or severe domestic violence [6] . Battered Woman Syndrome is an occurrence of behavioral and psychological behaviors which happen in four main phases that is denial, guilt, enlightenment and responsibility [7] . At denial, these women hold on to the belief that the abuse or violence will never happen again and that they were actually responsible for provoking such behavior. The second phase is the guilt phase where a battered woman begins to acknowledge the fact that there is a