ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Running a company is a very difficult and very complicated affair. People should take up in their minds that there is no one common scenario of how to run a business. Every manager should take into consideration the world and market economy, the direction of production (the potential consumers or market), demand and supply, and other economical factors and on their base provide his/her own scenario, plan of how to run business in this very company. Listo Systems Company has chosen its own way. Talking about the key players and business ideas, the Company should provide the monitoring and refining policy. New ideas about expansion of the staff have given its benefits: the turnover rate has been taken on the higher level and as a result, the income of the Company has increased. But some problems have appeared with sick days and the Listo Systems Company’s task is to monitor this problem and to make some conclusions about what number of people may be dismissed so that the turnover rate does not fall down. The mission statement of the company is rather strong and impulsive. Looking at the present position of a business, the entity and strategy of the company should be changed. The idea is to shaping the managers in order to give them a definite area and to share the responsibility between them according to their own business. This strategy will bring its profit because every manager will monitor its own part of the staff and their results. There are not going to be any quarrels about what task should be considered by this or that manage: everybody will care only about their business. The Company has provided some special type of management (hired supervisors) and this step was very successful. The facilitating is one of the most influential factors which were taken for the basis of the running company. That was one of the main factors which had brought success to the Company. The company has increased its production and the consumption rate has grown. Such contribution appeared were successful only thanks to the attention of managers on the demand and supply on the market, some analyzing points and focusing of the Company on the production. So, focusing on the production led to the increase of the turnover rate of the Company and as a result to the revenue increase. The weak side of the strategy of the compan
Have you ever thought that poverty and the widening gap between rich and poor can be stopped? Or did you always think that the solution to this problem is somewhere beyond your understanding, that it would be too difficult? This speech should make you look with greater optimism at our mutual social future. Poverty can be overcome by expanding agricultural development. Also, structural financial development affects the reduction of economic problems. Resource allocation practices can also be very helpful in this regard. These are some of the strategies, the subsequent application of which would significantly reduce the level of poverty around the world. First and foremost, the international government should consider innovative strategies for agricultural expansion. The use of such introductions could increase the amount of food produced and, as a result, lower the final price for the purchaser (Ivanic and Martin, 429). Thus, the problem of hunger in many countries and poor regions would be overcome, which is a step towards overcoming poverty. Moreover, one should pay attention to the distribution of finances. Using various methods of calculation, scientists increasingly come to the conclusion that good financial management at the federal level can solve the problem of poverty (Rewilak 169). Last but not least, government allocation of natural resources and investment in environmentally friendly initiatives are important. This problem seems to be the most ramified since its solution depends on the administrative skills of local authorities. The distribution of natural resources by professionals who are aware of the close connection between the economy, ecology, and society could significantly ease the living conditions of many people. Many countries and their economies are directly dependent on their ecosystems. Contrariwise, deforestation and soil erosion can have an extremely negative economic impact on the country’s inhabitants. Thus, there are several strategies that, if applied at the local, federal and international level, could significantly reduce the level of poverty. They all exist in interconnection, as they require the allocation of resources and finances. In conclusion, one can say that it is from the help of a skilled state apparatus and investment in advanced economic programs that poverty around the world can eventually be reduced. Works Cited Ivanic, Maros, and Martin, Will. “Sectoral Productivity Growth and Poverty Reduction: National and Global Impacts.” World Development , vol. 109, 2018, pp. 429-439. Rewilak, Johan. “The Role of Financial Development in Poverty Reduction.” Review of Development Finance , vol. 7, no. 2, 2017, pp. 169-176.
EU Healthcare across Borders Patients may choose to go to a different state for many reasons. First of all, some individuals may believe that the quality of healthcare is insufficient in their place of living. Such instances may be caused by one’s high health-related demands, rare conditions, and individual preferences. Another possible reason is the time that some patients have to wait to get their treatment. For example, the existence of waiting lists that ensure that every patient receives treatment may put some individuals in a challenging position. On the one hand, these people may be simply anxious about their condition becoming worse. On the other hand, some individuals’ health may be unstable or quickly deteriorating, meaning that they need to receive treatment fast. In these cases, patients may seek care in other countries, usually paying for all services out of their pocket. There can be many other reasons for people to dislike the idea of waiting lists. Nevertheless, the urgency of some situations may encourage people to seek out alternative ways to receive proper care. Legal Position of Patients Patients who decide to visit another state to receive care should rely on some particular cases and regulations to make sure that they do not lose their privileges. For example, people seeking cross-border healthcare may depend on Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), as it encourages the internal movement of the market. 1 Still, this does not mean that all patients are encouraged to seek healthcare elsewhere than their home state. For example, the case of Kohll shows that the Articles of 59 and 60 of the TFEU discourage patients from visiting other countries by giving social security institutions more power to decide whether reimbursement is appropriate 2 The ability to receive adequate care is often challenged by the economic concerns of care providers and government officials. The process of reimbursement is the most complex system in this case. Multiple cases can help one outline which services may be reimbursed by the state after the fact of receiving care. However, most documents and judgments note that some preparatory actions may help patients to secure their ability to get all expenses covered. Here, patients should consult the Directive 2011/24/EU and official Commission Reports on its operation. According to Article 8(2)(a) of the Directive, most countries may allow reimbursement if the patient received a confirmation to proceed with the services from his or her sickness fund or insurance representative 3 However, it remains unclear which the Member States require such actions to be taken. Moreover, the full list of possible services to which this rule applies is also unsp
Introduction To begin with, it is necessary to state that the present-day world has been overloaded with different types of information. What is more, every one of every sort tends to have their own opinion on everything they come across. The proverb says: “Many men, many minds.” Therefore, it is important to develop critical thinking and be able to treat the contrary position in an unbiased way (Elbow, 2006). This paper aims to consider one of the most topical issues, express an opinion on it and discuss the opposite opinion while avoiding being biased. The Author’s Opinion The question under consideration is whether students should wear school uniforms. From my viewpoint, it is not necessary for a student to wear school uniforms. My reasons for such an opinion are as follows. First, each person is unique, and clothing can be considered as one of the means to express individuality. It might be wise to teach a child from the early age what clothes it is suitable to put on when they go to school. It is crucial to avoid miniskirts, shorts and bright colors in the classroom. However, it is no use to force children to wear all the same clothes. Second, wearing uniforms does not happen to affect the child’s academic result. It does not help to prepare for an exam nor succeed in it. Therefore, the uniform is something supra-academic which is not actually required when it comes to knowledge and skills acquisition and the ability to apply them. Finally, uniforms prove to be expensive. It might be better to spend the money on a nice piece of clothing which can be worn not only to school (McDaniel, 2013). The Opponent’s Opinion Now it is necessary to consider the opposite opinion and discuss it. First, “school uniforms may deter crime and increase student safety” (Should children have to wear school uniforms?). This position helps me to realize that, apart from individuality, there is a critical matter of personal security. If I believed this view, I might have justified the viewpoint that children should wear school uniforms regardless of their uniqueness. This is due to the fact that I assume that the safety is the uppermost. This idea might be true if certain research has been conducted and a corresponding conclusion has been drawn. Second, “school uniforms keep students focused on their education, not their clothes” (Should children have to wear school uniforms?). This opinion assists in comprehending that clothes might distract attention. If everyone wears the same clothes, all the attention is more likely to be paid to the study. If I believed this view, I would not have stated above that clothes do not affect the academic result. This idea might be true if the child is more interested in clothes than in the study. Finally, “school uniforms create a level of playing field among students, reducing peer pressure and bullying” (Should children have to wear school uniforms?) This viewpoint enables me to understand that famil
In the essays “The Language of Discretion” by Amy Tan, “Civilize Them With a Stick” by Mary Crow Dog and Richard Erdoes, and “The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met A Girl Named Maria” by Judith Ortiz Cofer the authors depict and evaluate problems of racial differences and racism, cultural stereotypes and cultural conflict. Three essay portray that cultural differences require people to assume that there are intellectual standards to which all reasonable men and women have access and to which they therefore may be held. In the essay “The Language of Discretion”, Amy Tan portrays that women obtain low roles in society because of gender differences and historical roles. Since each person represents the meeting point of a slightly different family of cultural traditions, multiculturalism collapses into individualism. The same is true of cultural conflict, since each individual can be seen as the bearer of a unique culture. Because common standards of rational discourse are necessary if dialogue among diverse men and women is to be possible, weak multiculturalism collapses into humanism. Similar to Amy Tan, Mary Crow Dog and Richard Erdoes shows that the most common form of collapse has been the neglect of the fact that rival cultures contain mutually incompatible pictures of how things are and ought to be. Some people take as their model for understanding cultural diversity experimentation with exotic cuisines. Academic discussions of religion often speak the language of preferences and market shares rather than competing claims to truth. In the essay The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met A Girl Named Maria”, Judith Ortiz Cofer portrays her experience and relations with the world. She underlines that many people retain some lingering hope of an afterlife, but even the most zealous believers also find it necessary to mitigate the prospects of death by identifying with family lineages, national and religious communities, cultural traditions, and political movements that will continue in existence after they die. In order to confront death in its fullest sense, we must therefore consider the possibility that nothing we value will be transmitted to anyone who lives after us. The extermination of the human species (or the violent destruction of our civilization) is one version of this prospect. But limitless cultural decay also provides us with a useful diminished similitude. Cofer portrays that a sense of being sexually objectified created an increased sense of vulnerability. She writes that since early age girls are subjected to cultural norms and stereotypes. “As young girls, we were influenced in our decisions about clothes and colors by the women—older sisters and mothers who had grown up on a tropicalisland where the natural environment was a riot of primary colors, where showing your skin was one way to keep cool as well as to look sexy.
Although some scholars dispute the perception that slavery was one of the major causes of the American Civil war, it is evident that slavery played a critical role in the hostility between the North and South before the war (Manning, 2007). The conflict between the South’s desire to expand slavery and the North’s desire for a democratic nation is important in this case. The South’s heavy reliance on cotton farming for its economy demanded effective supply of cheap labor, which could only be provided by the slaves. On the other hand, the northern states relied on manufacturing, which did not demand slaves (Manning, 2007). Since many freed slaves could not find employment in the South, they were increasingly seeking refuge in the northern states, but these states were not willing to accommodate the large population of blacks. The North increasingly criticized the “Planter Aristocracy” system in the South. Therefore, it is worth arguing that the differences in socioeconomic systems between the North and the South explain “why” and “how” slavery became the major issue during the antebellum period. First, the cotton boom of the 19th century boosted the economy of the southern states because slaves supplied almost free labor. Cotton production was relatively labor consuming because it was not yet mechanized. From planting to harvesting and transportation, the farmers heavily relied on human labor. Bourgeois farmers and their families owned these plantations and slave families lived in these farms. They were viewed as properties rather than American citizens. Farmers were free to sell or buy slaves. They provided housing and basic needs, but the conditions were hostile because most farmers were oppressive and brutal. On the other hand, the northern states were increasingly shifting from plantation dependent economies to manufacturing-based economies. As manufacturing industries increased in the North, the demand for slaves reduced significantly because industries did not need slaves. They relied on skilled labor for their processing, which attracted white workers mostly. Also, these industries created positions for skilled and knowledgeable labor, which brought the need for education. These factors were increasingly discriminating against slavery because slaves were not educated. As such, the northern states saw the need to abolish slavery, which caused great criticism from the southern states (Stampp, 2006). Secondly, the slave issue escalated because manufacturing industries in the North increasingly reduced their reliance on cotton and other agricultural products from the South. The North had experienced an industrial boom after Eli Whitney’s invention of the mechanical cotton gin, which revolutionized the process. Also, Cyrus McCormick invented mechanical mower-reaper, which revolutionized grain production in most parts of the West (Stampp, 2006). Moreover, the economic relationships between the West and the North increased after the establishment of the Cumberland Road, the Erie Canal, the Railroad, and the steamboat. These factors improved the transportation of agricultural products from the agricultural West to t
What is an autoethnography? Essays like the one on this page provide the answer to this question. Introduction Autoethnography is a research and writing method that uses autobiographical personal narrative that explores writer’s life experience, reflective of a cultural accounting through employing features such as concrete action, emotion, embodiment, self-consciousness, and introspection (Denzin 419). It totally differs with ethnography, as it uses the researcher’s experience instead of other people beliefs and practices while the latter uses fieldwork to interview people in order to get their views and narration that is analyzed to get a better understanding of their culture. Autoethnography, apart from revealing personal experiences in relation to some cultural account, presents a platform for questioning cultural aspects generally viewed as appropriate by the vast majority of practitioners of a given practice such as diagnostic processes. Thus, involvement of personal aspects can provide valuable insight on issues that are mostly overlooked in culture such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), sexuality, eating disorders and others. Institutional Autoethnography in the diagnosis of OCD presents an opportunity of using knowledge and daily events to accelerate rational and logical reasoning on social transformations needed to change psychiatric oppression (Tam 2010). Institutional Autoethnography may involve application of Autoethnography and institutional ethnography to understand a given situation. This paper will further look at the understanding of OCD discourse through institutional Autoethnography by feminist psychiatric experiences and approach. The words madness and sense-making are used in this paper severally, and they are used in the following context. Madness is used to refer to the “altered states of consciousness to different beliefs/feelings/needs/behaviours that are pathologized by psychiatry, while sense-making refers to the both available paradigms for rationalizing madness and alternative, self-determined ways of understanding and living with madness” (Tam 2010). Understanding of OCD discourse through institutional Autoethnography Institutions are recognized as a way of governance that involves institutional discourses and technologies. People working in a certain institution are guided by institutional practices that bind them into the institutional function. Thus, an institution is mainly coordination of people through the institution’s discursively organized practices in their system. Through institutional Autoethnography, we are able to look at how institution’s work by coordinating people and involving their organized experiences t
Introduction The world has limited resources; the resources are not equitably distributed. At any one point, there is a group of people oppressed by the system. Inequality in the community and power disparities has created friction and conflicts among different groups of people. The ruling class, the ruled, business people, farmers, men and women are in constant “battle” to satisfy their needs. This paper looks into perspective taken by conflict theory to explain social situations. Conflict Theory According to conflicts theory of social aspects of life, human beings are always in conflict with each other as they try to deliver themselves from oppression perceived to emanate from struggles by other people to satisfy their needs. Different classes existing in the community fight for the limited resources and perceive the other class as the hindrance of their enjoyment and utility of the available resources. The world today has taken major attributes of capitalism (bourgeoisie), were free market forces have been left to distribute available resources, this has created more problems where the haves have increased to accumulate wealth and power and the poor state has only become desperate. Although supporters of capitalism (bourgeoisie) are of the opinion that it is the best way to ensure that resource are well utilized with minimal wastes, it has created uneven competition among different classes and social groups. In the modern capitalist environment, each party is acting for its own benefit and aims to benefit from the system; the resultant is oppression of some groups in the society. For example, there have been struggles for wage rates increase in United States, alternatively property owners have been accused and sometimes prosecuted for exploiting their tenants. The invention of governments has reduced as people work for their own good; the government only plays the role of creating an enabling environment. Application of conflict theory is not only in modern lifestyles however, in major historical revolutions like French and Latin American revolutions, conflict between the ruling class (the capital and land owners) and the ruled (labor givers) has resulted to uproars for revolutions. Currently there are debates advocating for respect and recognition of women rights, women have felt oppressed by men and have embarked on massive campaigns to demand for their rights and positions in the community. In the united States for instance, there are a number of groups fighting for the rights of women and their traditional roles, which were mostly home based, have been shared by men who had previously take n the role of bread winners. Education has also facilitated the struggle for people’s rights to property and ri