ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Fortescue, one of the renowned Australian mining companies desires to move its business to Algeria. The company will face significant political and economic challenges in its efforts to settle in Algeria. The political system of Algeria has been unstable for quite a while because of mass terrorism, power struggles and regional development issues. Economically, the nation is too dependent on its mining program leading to a high level of poverty and poor infrastructural development (Willis, M. 2014, 45). Political Challenge One of the major political challenges that Fortescue will face in Algeria is succession disputes and internal struggle for power among the leaders. The continual fight among political parties in Algeria will derail the growth and development of Fortescue. These struggles have inspired the current government to impose heavy laws on foreign investors. The Algerian government requires any foreign company investing in the mining industry in the land to give 51% ownership of the business to the Algerians. In addition, the government owns all the iron and ore transportation pipelines, making it harder for foreign investors to export their products. According to Gekonge, C. (2014, 48), the President signed these laws as a way of showing his authority and ability to rule the nation. These issues arising from political unrest in the land will derail the growth and development of Fortescue in Algeria. Economic Challenge Algeria lacks the vast infrastructure necessary to carry out daily mining activities. For Fortescue to achieve the intended success in Algeria, the management team will have to incur extra costs in setting up an ideal infrastructure for the mining business. Some of the things that the company will need to invest in are better transportation systems and power supply (Willis, M. 2014, 110). Poor infrastructure attracts corruption, inequality, unemployment and slow labor productivity. All these issues put Fortescue in a precarious position as a business. For this reason, the company needs to set up strategic plans on how to manage the situation in Algeria for the good of both the host nation and the company. Conclusion In conclusion, Algeria presents Fortescue with a significant opportunity to expand and move into Africa. Despite the discussed challenges, the nation is trying to open its borders to foreign investment for a better tomorrow. In addition, the political unrest in the land is diminishing, making it easy for investors to grow their businesses. For this reason, Investing in Algeria now is a wise decision for the company. Reference List Gekonge, C 2014. Emerging business opportunities in Africa: market entry, competitive strategy, and the promotion of foreign direct investments . Business Science Reference, Hershey, PA. Willis, M 2014, Politics and power in the Maghreb: Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco from independence to the Arab spring , Oxford University Press, New York.
The world is experiencing a rapid rate of urbanization. It is estimated that about 3 percent of the global population used to be urban dwellers during the 19 th century (Sorensen & Okata, 2011). However, the urban population grew to about 30 percent of the total world population during the 1950s. Current estimates reveal that about 50 percent of the world population resides in urban centers. Further projections indicate that nearly 67 percent of the world population will be comprised of city dwellers before the close of 2030s. In spite of the growing number of urban dwellers across the world, cities occupy less than 3 percent of the total surface of the earth (Sorensen & Okata, 2011). On the contrary, about 75 percent of resources available in cities are put into full utilization. It is against this backdrop that mega cities are faced with the following key challenges: innovation, provision of healthcare services, sanitation, security, transport and communication, living condition, education, cultural diversity, economic dimension (unemployment) and environmental conservation. It is also prudent to mention that a mega city is defined as an urban settlement with more than ten million residents. On the other hand, sustainability refers to the ability of a mega city to manage the available resources in the most effective manner over a reasonable length of time. This essay offers a brief discussion of sustainability factors that face the Mexico Mega City. Mexico Mega City Mexico Mega City is one of the fastest growing urban centers in the world with a yearly rise in population of slightly over 2 percent (Parker, 2006). However, the city is faced with myriads of sustainability challenges. For example, garbage disposal, removal of industrial and domestic wastewaters, and portable water supplies are some of the challenges facing Mexico Mega City today (Marcotullio & McGranahan, 2007). The geographical position of Mexico has also contributed towards a number of natural hazards experienced by the mega city. Hence, effective geo-science planning is of great importance in the sustainability of Mexico City. Adequate and sustainable water supply is one of the glaring challenges facing the Mexico mega city. The geological history of this region has immensely contributed towards the water supply problem. The city lies within a flat basin of land that covers approximately 7,500 square kilometers of a depressed surface. The floor of the basin is composed of saline soil. The geological depression is bordered by high peaks of volcanic mountains. Until about three decades ago, the inhabitants of Mexico City hardly faced any gross water problems. However, the disruption in water supply was mainly occasioned by the recent volcanic eruptions around the region. As it stands now, the city incurs a lot of financial loss in redirecting water to Mexico City from external aquifers located outside the basin. Sec
Introduction The red tape report of Canada is a study on how small businesses are affected by regulation. The regulation is from the government that requires them to have multiple compliances. It was first issued in the year 2005. The Canadian Federation of Independent Business commonly referred to as the C.F.I.B issued three editions. This report clearly indicated how small enterprises are affected by the imposition of multiple compliances. It precisely indicates that owners and managers of small businesses directly feel the impact of government regulation. The burden, effects, and the response of the government according to the report will be discussed in this paper. Effect on Business As stated earlier in the paper, the owners of businesses are adversely affected by regulation that is excessive because of cost.Every new compliance requirement means extra cost for every business premises (Colleman, 2014). Besides,. A perfect example is the public transport sector. Drivers were once required to have new generation licenses to be allowed to operate. However, most drivers applied but it took long for the licenses to be processed. Owners of the public service vehicles felt the impact because they were forced out of business until the new licenses were processed. Poor customer service by governments affected public service vehicles negatively. Almost one-third of business owners in Canada as per the report stated disappointment with the regulation in the country. They said that had they known the burden associated with regulation prior investment, they would have never ventured into business. All Canadians are affected by the loss of business activity despite the fact that it cannot be viewed directly. As more regulation is imposed in a country, more businesses are lost. Therefore, excessive regulation in Canada has led to the loss of business that in turn affected the people in many ways. Availability of goods and services becomes hard when businesses start to close (Colleman, 2014). Effect on Government Excessive regulation through compliance has also negatively affected governments. The explanation for this is because governments gain when businesses are set up. Governments at all levels gain through the money collected as fees for licenses. Governments also highly profit from the proceeds that come in the form of taxes from the same businesses. Therefore, when a business closes and is lost due to excessive regulation, even the government loses revenue (Colleman, 2014). Governments are supposed to provide a reasonable regulation for businesses. It is unfortunate from the report that the government of Canada oversaw the closure of many businesses due to excessive regulation as stipulated in the report. Public Opinion The report also carries a detailed feedback collected from respondents representing the opinion of the public regarding the red tape. It was found out that most Canadians are not negative about regulation. However, the report is fast to mention that there is a regulation limit beyond which citizens felt uncomfortable. This was mostly financial limit. Most citizens feel that governments should first co
Hadith as traditional schools of studying and understanding Quran and the prophecy of Muhammad’s statements. Hadith relates to different interpretations of the sacred scripture, as well as Muhammad’s records (Kamali 16). In this respect, there are different classifications of the Hadith science that consider various angles of the study, including Sahih, Hasan, Muwaththaq, and Da if (Al-Fadli 13). The existence of different meanings and assumptions concerning the Islamic reading contribute to the development of debate on the religious issues. Later discussions of hadith are presented by West European scholars whose assumptions arose as a result of the Muslim scholars from the viewpoint of religion and politics. The Science of Hadith should also rely on the analysis of its components. In particular, hadith is divided into the chain of transmission ( sanad ) and content ( matn ) (Al-Fadli 77). The chain of transmission consists in reliance and dependence of the scientists on the sequence of deductions. Hence, the chain relates to the path of transmission by means of which the thought reaches the reporter from the initial narrator. It is composed of separate elements shaping the entire chain (Al-Fadli 77). Matn is the content the text of the originally articulated speech introduced by the narrator. The text is split in two elements – the meaning and the wording (Al-Fadli 77). The meaning denotes the significance of the narration and includes lexical, grammatical, and morphological aspects. The wording is associated with grammatical arrangement that is confined to words and word combinations. Based on the emerged misunderstanding among the scholars exploring hadith , some assertions about the reliability and validity of the science in general have been introduced. In this respect, Alshehri refers to two schools of thought – that of al-Zuhri and al-Bukhari (98). Hence, according to the first theorist, “if students want to learn, they must strive, and they should not be given any ready-made knowledge in the shape of books or regular dictators” (99). This teaching policy, however, altered as soon as the Islamic law introduced new changes to the learning process. In particular, it is regarded that knowledge s
Experimenter effects refer to the efforts undertaken by the researcher to influence the outcome of research studies. Apart from the preconceived ideologies of the researcher, effects not properly controlled, and experimenter influence on the participants, there are numerous experimenter effects including the use of inappropriate methodology, biases of the researcher, selective sample selection inclined towards the views of the researcher (Macleod & Griffiths, 2008). Experimenter effects associated with inappropriate research methodologies can be controlled by ensuring that the research method and data collection approaches guarantee that the collected data will reflect both sides of the research. For instance, random selection is an effective approach to ensuring that there is objective research. The sampling approach that will be employed will be quota sampling and convenience sampling. Quota sampling refers to a situation whereby the researcher chooses a proportion of the elements investigated during the study. The partition can be based on different categories, such as gender, age, lifestyle, and ethnicity (Burns & Grove, 2010). The researcher can then decide which categories to use in the proportion of the study elements depending on the ease of access. Also, researchers must ensure that the participants are not aware of the research aims, although they are supposed to be informed of the significance of the research. The research design methodology is determined by the structure of the research question and the context. Social research aims at explaining the current state of affairs using predetermined variables. It is worth noting that social research significantly depends on probability, therefore, explaining why a given variable plays a significant role in determining the outcome. Therefore, this implies that social research must put more emphasis on the findings, coupled with a correlation to the available theoretical frameworks (Ruane, 2005).
Introduction There is no doubt that one of the most vital challenges facing modern day human resource management relations emanates from the dynamic changes in the characteristics of workforces. This evidences the fact that there is therefore need to maintain good employee relationship. Petersitzke defined the concept of employment relationship as “the employer’s expectation of contributions desired from the employee and inducements the employer actually offers” (93). This report, keeping such theoretical frameworks in its mind, will pay special attention to a valuable feature of the white-collar employees, namely managing employee relations. In line with that, the paper examined the expectations and individual rights that these categories of employees have as concerns to employment relations. To help the report achieve its aim, the author subdivided it into 3 parts referred to as activities A, B and C in that order. Activity A – Employees’ individual rights Employees’ individual rights refer to laws that protect the privacy of individuals (Van-Fleet & Ella 156). These rights are influenced by either external or internal factors which in turn impact on the employment relationship. External factors that impact on the employment relationship consist of the legislation and trade unions. Legislation refers to national laws that restrict employers from engaging in acts that may be seen as affecting employee rights in the negative manners. For instance, statistics state that the anti-discrimination laws make it unlawful for employees to be discriminated on the grounds of race and sex (UK Government 36). Also, trade unions impact on the employment relationship by promoting the improvement of employee relations especially those in the industrial sectors. They achieve this by assisting employees to reach agreements with their employers in cases pertaining to unfair dismissals, poor working conditions amongst others. On the other hand, internal factors that impact on the employee relationship consist of the employment contracts and the organizational policies. Contracts are the legal relationships that bind the employer and the employees. Once signed, contracts give employees individual since they can be used as grounds to make complaints of breaches of contract by any of the parties. They impact on the employee relationship when they when their terms and conditions are deemed to have been violated by either of the parties. Contracts capture most details of the working relationship namely the details of the salary, period of employment, incidences of termination, hour
In the 21 st century, there has been increased need to consider current generation sustainability without limiting future generations’ capability to satisfy their needs. Different drivers compel organizations to give their sustainability reports periodically; Irja Vormedal and Audun 2006 note, “While the first wave of reporting in the 1990s was characterized by the growth of ‘pure’ environmental disclosures, companies have increasingly expanded their focus to reporting on sustainability more broadly” (Irja and Audun 2006). According to 2005 World Summit on environment, sustainability is attained when environmental , social and economic demands of human kind have been addressed at equal portions/degrees. Irja Vormedal and Audun Ruud, further notes that one area that has taken centre stage in corporate social responsibility is steady increase in the volume and size of corporate non-financial disclosures over the past decades; when making the disclosures, firms communicate the efforts they have enacted to support sustainable development (Vormedal and Audun, 2009). This paper discusses why Australian organizations should adopt sustainability reporting in the 21 st century. Literature review: the reasons for adopting sustainability reporting According to Irja Vormedal and Audun Ruud, 2006, in the article “Sustainability Reporting in Norway – an Assessment of Performance in the Context of Legal Demands and Socio-Political Drivers,” published in Business Strategy and the Environment journal states that the need to have sustainable reporting is driven by a number of economic and social drivers depending with the nation and the market that a company operates. Market mechanisms have affected the growth of ethical, social, and environmental investments, with advancement in technological knowledge and education, customers have learnt the role that organizations play on sustainability. With the information, customers through social drivers have placed pressure on organization to disclose information on their social, environmental and ethical performance from stakeholder groups. Irja Vormedal and Audun Ruud seems to have concentrated on the pressure that customers have on organizations to report their sustainable policies; according to customer relation management strategy, customers need to perceive organizations in a positive manner if they are to continue trading with them. According to Lena
Project Scope Definition Walmart POS-system implementation plan is a system of interventions aimed at purchasing and installing Clover sale system station that enables enhancing customer service quality, updating inventory, and managing staff (“Our largest, fastest point of sale system,” 2019). Competitive benefits are based on constant innovation in different manifestations of business (Larson & Grey, 2014). Thus a new POS-system implementation is a necessary step to increase customer satisfaction and ensure competitiveness in the market. Exclusions The project does not introduce any changes to staffing because the training will be guided by the vendor and only currently employed people will be trained to use a new software system. The project will be applied to one Walmart supermarket only with the probable introduction of the same actions to other stores in case of successful completion. No expenses apart from software purchasing and training charges are anticipated. Assumptions The currently used system is insufficient for all needs and requirements of the customers since it does not allow reading cards in all possible ways, such as reading chip cards and pin cards. The operational capabilities of the existing system are limited to payment processing only. The procedures aimed at new software implementation will increase the level of customer trust, improve quality of work, and productivity (Larson & Grey, 2014). Deliverables should be completed according to the plan. The successful project management process in one Walmart store will provide the potential to upgrade software in other entities in the chain. The opportunities provided by the Clover POS-system station include managing payment procedures with customers, accounting, and staff management (“Our largest, fastest point of sale system,” 2019). These features are relevant to implementation in the Walmart store because they embrace multi-faceted characteristics available from one program. Opportunity to Be Realized by This Project The project will increase customer satisfaction by providing more opportunities to read cards and make more transactions possible for customers’ convenience. Project Purpose The project is aimed at the facilitation of card-reading opportunities for electronic transactions that will provide multiple business advantages. These benefits are increasing competitiveness, customer service improvement, and contribution to productivity. Additional features of the software enable eliminating expenses on staff management and inventory update programs. Measurable Project Objectives and Related Success Criteria Including Metrics The main project objectives will be achieved upon project stages completion and will ultimately result in new software utilization by all cashier staff of the store. The primary goal of the project is to enhance the scope of electronic transactions through the implementation of multi-faceted card-reading devices within the Clover POS system. This objective should be achie
In the early years of the 1960s, Civil Rights activists in Mississippi and Alabama played a crucial role in the Civil Rights movement. What were the key events of those first few years of the early 1960s? Who were the leaders of the movement? What did they accomplish and did they suffer any setbacks? The 1960s saw a significant societal shift in the Civil Rights movement, which built upon the political foundations of the 1950s and experienced exponential momentum. The most prominent leader was Martin Luther King Jr., a reverend who collectively with 100 other religious leaders founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. It encouraged passive and nonviolent resistance to prevalent segregation, particularly in the Southern United States. Churches and religious groups often became the foundation of the Civil Rights crusades in the region during the 1960s. However, black students also became active participants in the movement by attempting to challenge segregation in educational institutions. A notable event occurred in Greensboro, NC, where black students staged a sit-down at “white only” lunch counters. This led to massive protests from both sides and boycotts of businesses. Eventually, the government, under pressure, had to desegregate the lunch area (Moss and Thomas 2012, 108). This inspired a range of activism across the South, particularly in educational institutions. An African American student, James Meredith, was able to enroll into an all-white University of Mississippi through a Supreme Court order. After defiance from the authorities, President Kennedy ordered federal marshals to the university, which sparked massive riots from the mostly white local populations. The Army had to be called in to maintain order in the area and protect Meredith. Another large Civil Rights movement was known as the Freedom Riders that sought to desegregate public transportation in the South. These groups of travelers purposefully entered segregated bus terminals, local facilities, and sat in the “all-white” section of the bus, especially after the famous incident with the activist Rosa Parks. Freedom Riders were supported by various Civil Rights organizations and even the government entities such as CORE. However, they commonly faced abuse and extreme violence, as occurred in Montgomery in May of 1961 when passengers were severely beaten as they exited the bus (Moss and Thomas 2012, 109). Certain Southern cities such as Birmingham, Alabama were extremely segregated. Despite African Americans making 40% of the population, only 10% were allowed to vote due to draconic and unfair laws targeted at black voter suppression (Moss and Thomas 2012, 110). There were systemic discrimination and abuse, which made Alabama a battleground state for Civil Rights. Martin Luther King Jr. and Fred Shuttlesworth led peaceful demonstrations in Birmingham to protest segregation Overall, the journey for various Civil Rights leaders and movements was difficult as t