ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Soon after the infamous terrorist attacks of 9/11, issues of national security became dominant in political discourse – and popular culture was, as always, quick to grasp the major problem of the time. However, the problem was much older than international terrorism – already in the 17 th century English philosopher and political theorist, Thomas Hobbes was preoccupied with the questions of liberty, security, and balance between the two. The policies of President Bush in the War on Terror were reminiscent of Hobbes’s principles since he sought an expansion of his authority to act foregoing rules for the sake of greater security. The protagonist of The Dark Knight 2008 movie acts in a similar manner, styling himself as an unaccountable sovereign willing to go as far as necessary to provide security for the people. Yet The Dark Knight puts a spin on this dilemma and suggests that trading liberty for security is unnecessary in a society of rational and accountable individuals. Thus, popular culture suggests that American political culture allows for maintaining a reasonable balance of security and liberty, meaning that the people do not need the all-powerful, unaccountable sovereign as an integral part of their life. Thomas Hobbes is known as one of the first proponents of the social contract theory – and the one whose views on the nature of humanity and government were rather pessimistic. According to Hobbes, there is a large number of people and limited resources, so “if any two men desire the same thing, which, nevertheless, they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies.” Therefore, this “natural state” of humanity, where everyone has the right to everything, becomes a war of everyone against everyone. Since even the weakest people can – by wits, diligence, or simple luck – overcome the strongest, no one, no matter how endowed, can ever feel safe. To ensure minimal safety, people can submit their right to everything through the mutual contract and create a higher power – the sovereign. The sovereign is the key figure of Hobbes’s political philosophy – an embodiment of government, whose only purpose is to prevent people from slipping back into the “natural state.” In accomplishing this task, the sovereign has absolute power – he is not restricted by anyone or anything. When people create the sovereign, they make an agreement with each other, not with him, so he is not on the side of the contract and cannot breach it. Therefore, “none of his subjects, by any pretense or forfeiture, can be freed of his Subjection,” and the sovereign’s will cannot be denied (Hobbes). It is not hard to notice that Hobbes’s political
The following is an assessment of two functional health patterns (Cognitive/perceptual and Self-perception/self-concept) of the community known as Alamosa in Colorado (USA). Cognitive/Perceptual In Alamosa County, most residents use the English language in their homes while communicating with their family and friends/neighbors. However, there are those who speak other languages at home but when it comes to a social gathering, they mainly use the English language. This, therefore, means that the communication barrier is not an issue in Alamosa County. The current number of students in college in Alamosa County is 1, 945. 82.6% of the people living in Alamosa who are 25years and above have high school degree while those who are 25years and above who hold a bachelors degree are 27.0%. According to the United States census of 2009, 85 percent of the population aged 25years and above have a high school diploma while only 28 percent of the population holds a bachelor’s degree. There are different educational offers in Alamosa County. There, are in-services, GED and continuing education. Valley Educators Credit Union and Volunteer Coordinator and Community Educator are examples of educational services offered in Alamosa County. These services are offered yearly. Special education programs are also offered in the county to enable those who are emotionally and physically challenged to get an education. Few people have access to computers and the internet due to poverty in the region (Stern 2000). The government of Alamosa offers scholarship programs for students who have potential but are not in a position to continue with their studies due to a lack of funds. Self-Perception/Self-Concept The city of Alamosa is mainly made up of young people with the median age of the population being 28years. Alamosa came to be a city after the establishment of the rail center in 1878 when Denver and Rio Grande Railroad was established (Gannett 2005). There are volunteer programs in Alamosa County which help in keeping the streets clean by collecting garbage (Maurer & Smith 2009). They also help in tree trimming, cleaning of public toilets, watering flowers around the city center, and plant flowers in different locations. These volunteer programs have ensured that Alamosa County is clean and tidy (Camille & Julie 2009). The activities that strengthen and unite the community in Alamosa are golf and pool clubs and social building groups.
The significance of web publishing platform The relationship between form and content has been affected by the advent of the Internet and the growth of Web publishing platforms. The Internet tool has grown to include almost all educational, informative and entertainment resources. With the spread of extremely high-speed Internet connections and programs, the tool provides all forms and content of web publishing initiatives. Internet connections can now be achieved across the world by several means, more so through portable devices such as cell phones, cellular routers and portable game consoles and datacards. Within the limits imposed by portable devices, Internet services, including sharing of electronic mails, may be enjoyed by users, thus making web publishing platforms more personalized, detailed and effective. Web publishing form Educational resources Mallan, Singh, and Giardina (2010) suggest educational resources of all standards from kindergarten to doctoral levels are available on websites. Examples of such online content include CBeebies, elementary and high-school revision materials, virtual university libraries, and excellent scholarly literature. Before the invention of the Internet tool, online education programs provided by institutions situated far away from students, help with assignment and other research work, self-guided education, or leisure activities. Previously, these opportunities were never easily accessible to people. Instead, resources for any class of people or level of education were solely sourced from information structures within the physical reach of persons. Generally, the Internet tool is significant enabler of an all-inclusive and cross-cultural kind of education (Ţăranu, Păun, Florea, Nicolae, & Lăzăroiu, 2011). Zailskaitė-Jakštė and Kuvykaitė (2010) believe the cheaper and almost immediate sharing of thoughts, information, and expertise has made shared work considerably stress-free, with the assistance of collaborative applications. The Internet tool has not only enabled a group to cheaply correspond and exchange beliefs, but the global scope of the technology enables such teams to form with ease (Goodman, & Chen, 2010). A manifestation of this media is the unrestricted software development and use, which has created applications that speed up the publishing and accessibility of online resources. Mozilla Firefox and Linux are examples of such Internet resource utility software available to users. Any kind of online chats achieved via instant messaging (IM) mechanisms or chat rooms enable associates to stay informed through short, instantaneous published information (Kral, 2011). Communication Web publishing platform have improved quicker and more suitable forms of communication, as they can be used when one does his or her day to day activities on personal computer as the day progresses (Kral, 2011). Although, IMs can be shared more speedily and conveniently, email option is better in terms of exch
Professionalism is an essential ideology in most careers. It is a fact that, professionals carry out their duties with regard to the set rules. It is noteworthy most professionals find accountability as the most distinct concept. For purposes of this essay, professionalism incorporates the challenges, rewards, and opportunities related to being a professional nurse. According to Adams & McCrindle (2008), professionalism refers to the process of carrying out assigned duties in an accountable and proper approach. In most professional careers, there are set rules and regulations that an individual follow. For example, doctors, engineers, nurses, and lawyers are the most apparent forms of professional individuals. Hence, for one to practice such duties he must have passed tests and registered with apposite bodies. As a result, a person who does not conform to the above standards is not entitled to practice (Adams & McCrindle, 2008). I concur with this description of professionalism. It is essential for any professional to perform his duties with the highest form of ethical discipline. Thus, one must be liable for the actions and decisions that he makes when discharging duties. This is because before practicing, one must have passed through the required curriculum and registered by the proficient body concerned. Additionally, accountability reduces incidents of slackness and heedlessness at work. Lastly, in allowing only those individuals who have qualified to perform professional duties, it sustains high standards at work. Cherry (2005) insists that, one of the rewards related to being a professional nurse is the steady issuance of monetary motivational factors by the employers. It is a fact that, as one advances in practice he or she comes across new and more challenging assignments. Thus, the concerned bodies ensure they negotiate new and satisfactory salary increments on their behalf. This is through conciliation with individual employers who include the government or private organizations. As a professional nurse, one is in a position of advancing his career upon wish. Furthermore, advancing careers results to promotion at the work place. It is evident that, being a professional nurse ensures one receives peer and professional recognition. Most importantly, whenever one discharges his duties with adherence to the hi
Introduction The conduct of medical research in laboratories is subject to both ethical and legal provisions. The clinical laboratory operations within a given country are driven by a set of ethical conduct, which the researchers and laboratory technicians are expected to observe (Wiggins & Wilbanks, 2019). For instance, in biomedical research, the laboratory technicians have a mandate to monitor values, such as dignity, autonomy, and the subject’s privacy. The legal considerations, which the researchers need to observe in clinical laboratory activities, include issues such as informed consent, participant safety, and confidentiality. The laboratory management’s failure to follow these ethical and legal requirements is bound to undermine its operations, credibility, and reputation. This essay will examine the legal and ethical issues which underpin clinical laboratory activities. Ethical Considerations Ethics is a term that refers to habits or customs. Ethical considerations in the laboratory setting have evolved significantly over the years, considering the numerous unethical testing of research subjects in the past. For instance, the Tuskegee experiment saw an entirely black population become the test subjects in a clinical trial without their informed consent (Wiggins & Wilbanks, 2019). The evolution of laboratory ethics is geared towards ensuring similar incidents of malpractice do not take place. For instance, there is a need to inform the research participants about the study and make sure researchers act professionally. Therefore, the development of ethical standards through consensus with stakeholders in various settings has led to the formulation of the Nuremberg Code, the Belmont Report, and the Declaration of Geneva (Friesen et al., 2017). The provisions in these reports outline the steps which clinical technicians should observe when conducting healthcare research. The core tenets of ethical healthcare research include justice, beneficence, and respect for persons. The researchers have a responsibility to acknowledge the independence of the study participants. For instance, the test subjects must get involved in the exercise out of their volition, and the laboratory stakeholders should not exercise undue influence over them (Friesen et al., 2017). Beneficence outlines the need for the researchers to act in the best interest of their research subjects at all times. In handling human participants, the clinical researchers must focus on maximizing benefits and minimizing the test harm. Justice is a component that outlines the laboratory experts’ responsibility to ensure they treat their patients equally and without prejudice. For instance, laboratory professionals have a mandate to treat their subjects fairly and give them a comprehensive report of the benefits, risks, and costs they have to endure. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has developed multiple codes meant to guide laboratory operations activities. The standards set by ISO, such as ISO 15189:2012, highlight the requirements for competence and q
Introduction Information technology has recently become one of the most reliable technologies in efficient service delivery. Implementation of the system within health sector is viewed as a move in reducing medical errors, hence promoting patient safety as well as reducing costs. However, implementation of the new models requires variety of measurable elements capable of creating an impact on patient safety initiatives (Borkowski, 2009). Proposal on Implementation of EMR Electronic Medical Records are associated with many functions within the health care system. Patient health records contain important information, such as patient health care, financial breakdown, legal information as well as detailed research and quality improvement cases. Such information is always necessary within the medical field, hence it needs to be shared amongst many professional medics within the health care field. Such demand makes it a little cumbersome to use paper health records calling for the development of an automated health recording system. Electronic Medical Record will provide chances for improving quality of care and patient safety within health organizations. The system will help in providing solution to the challenge of dealing with integrated healthcare delivery by providing detailed, reliable and accessible timely information on patient health status across the medical field whether in primary or secondary health care. The EMR will reduce the costs on keeping paper records as well as decreasing inefficiencies within health care sector. The EMR has got increased storage capabilities enabling data to be stored from any region and for longer periods of time, enabling instant retrieval of information to many people even in remote sites (Young, 200, p 99). The idea on fragmentation of clinical records posed by paper records will be minimized hence reducing costs, which could have been otherwise incurred on current and future patient care (Schloeffel, 2001, p 1). The built-in intelligence capabilities of the EMR system will assist in recognizing abnormal laboratory results. The system provides efficient access to protocols, care plans, critical paths and other databases on healthcare knowledge such as pharmaceutical information (Borkowski, 2009). Start-up costs might be of disadvantage to many since it can be excessive at times. Allocation of capital to information system provides added costs on health care expenditure. Another disadvantage is that it requires substantial technical knowledge for the system to be used efficiently. This calls for all the physicians and clinicians to have prior knowledge on the system operation for purposes of realizing benefits of interactive on-line decision support (Borkowski, 2009). Proposal on Implementation of CPOE Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) presents one of the point-of-care products which will help in playing the key role in dealing with the cases concerning patient safety objectives. The system in
Background It is the wish of every parent to provide his or her children with the best support as they grow up. Most of the times, this turns out to be an overwhelming task when you take into account individual needs of a child in relation to poor socio-economic status of parents. However, parents bringing up a genius child face even more challenges. Genius children are identified on the basis of their ability to do certain things which their age mates can not possibly at their age. According to psychiatrists, genius children have better cognitive skills than their age mates. Because of their extra-ordinary abilities while still young, most people (parents, teachers and fellow students) whom these children interact with are unable to understand them fully. Due to these misunderstandings, most of these children suffer rejection from the same people they should be gaining moral support from. These kids suffer from chronic stress and depression. As a result, they are unable to achieve desires of their hearts since no one understands their needs. Because of misunderstandings by their superiors and bullying by their colleagues, these children mistrust virtually everyone something which prevents them from confiding their worries and problems in anybody. Most genius children are perfectionists. Since most of genius children are aware of their extraordinary abilities they strive to perform everything they set out to do perfectly. When they fail to achieve perfectionism they plunge into to stress and depression and which in most cases culminate into suicide. This study shall analyze some of the factors which lead most genius children in the United States to commit suicide at a very tender age. It shall summarize key findings of a study by Hyatt (2010) where he analyzed factors which led to suicide of a young highly gifted girl in the USA. Methodology In an attempt to understand what could have caused death of this young gifted adolescent, collection of data was done mainly by interviewing close family members and close friends the young lady had interacted with at school, home and any other environment before she died. Documents and artifacts she had written in her journals and poems were also used. The documents were very important since it was through them that the author was able to decipher how the young lady used to live and how she viewed the world. A video taped record showing the compilation of the young adult life was also used in analyzing the activities which the girl engaged in so as to establish what really went through the mind of the young girl. This study as the author indicated was a psychological autopsy aimed at finding out factors that could have led to the suicide (Hyatt, 2010). Results From the study, it was found out that just like many genius children, the
Introduction Pottery is an ancient art form that dates back to prehistoric times and has spanned the entire globe. It is so old and so prevalent that ancient cultures, of which we know very little, remain identified today by the pottery they produced. Generally speaking, ceramics is a term used today to denote any type of clay used to fabricate shapes that are then hardened with the use of heat. It can be made of a variety of materials that provide it with texture and weight, formed into any shape that can be as functional as a pitcher or as non-functional as an abstract statue. It can be mixed with particular minerals to provide it with a certain color or pattern or it can be painted and glazed to provide more control over the material. At one time, the ability to create pottery meant the difference between a group of people starving or being able to store food, carry water, or do any number of things. Now, numerous other materials can be used for these purposes and ceramics seemed to have gone out of style. However, in some areas of the world, ceramics as an art form was never abandoned and in the present day, ceramics has seen a comeback in the art world. Ceramics in Japan Japan is one of those areas of the world that never wholly abandoned its appreciation and exploration into the art of ceramics. “Nowhere is there as great an appreciation for the potter’s art as in Japan. Many competitions are held on both national and local levels and are widely reported in the press. Success in these contests is often critical for the artist’s career and plays no small part in what he can charge for his work. Exhibitions occur regularly in the most prestigious of venues, where collectors compete for the finest pieces” (Singer, 2004). The appreciation and knowledge of ceramics in Japan are astounding compared to Western traditions particularly as ancient forms are explored and incorporated into new ideas and new approaches. However, it was Western influences following World War II that brought Japan’s ceramics workers out of their more traditional molds and into the world of exploration and innovation. With this new attitude, groups such as the Sodeisha Group were formed that enabled further exploration into the art and expression of ceramics without any necessary emphasis on function, tradition, or form. One of the pioneers of this approach was Isamu Noguchi. Isamu Noguc
Introduction In the observation of human behaviours examined in Machiavelli book, “The Prince”, he offers advice to the leaders especially politicians regarding how to gain and remain in power. People regard a prince as someone destined to inherit controlled leadership. The prince as illustrated in this text was someone with no secure measures to gain and retain the power. If carefully considerations are made, some of the earlier tactics implemented in the Prince case are applicable for today’s leadership as they were way before in the sixteenth century. In his illustrations, Machiavelli exemplifies ideas over leadership styles as harsh and brutal. These might be the presentation pointing to the science in the political world. This paper is forms an analytical perspective of the Machiavelli’s book with regards to Human Nature. Relevant aspects of ‘The Prince’ Principalities According to Machiavelli, presentation of the laws of rule occurred through “Republics or Principalities”. The basis of the rule of principality is hereditary or established through the family lines. How are the rules of principalities supposed to be preserved? As opposed to the freelance style of leadership, one of the difficulties over the heredity or one family customized leadership style that reflects to a hierarchical prince is the ability to contravene the ancestral background to be in a position of prudently control the outcome of circumstances as they arise in the modern world. (16) Accurate and clear presentation of relevant aspects of ‘The Prince’ Statesmanship According to Machiavelli, good laws emerge from good governance probably by utilizing the military style; he wrote that the military forces are the indication for safe law enforcement. An illustrated war is as a necessity for leadership but not definitive element of development in various states. Logically all states may have been build through violence and ‘The Prince’ indicates the possibilities of conducting a good and productive war. Much productiveness provided on this text shows efficiency in “diplomacy, domestic politics, tactical strategies, geographical mastery and historical analysis”. War entails more than just physical encounter by military forces. From ‘The Prince’ context, “all armed prophets have succeeded and all unarmed ones have failed; in addition to what has already been said, people are by nature