ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The sophistication and discovery of transport and communication coupled with the ever-evolving technological revolution have turned the world into a global village. People from the seven continents of the world mingle freely save for the few and insignificant challenges. Education is almost similar in most of the seven continents and people can access a job from anywhere across the world. Communication gadgets like handsets and iPads enable online chatting with friends and business associates from any part of the world. On the other hand, racism is a social problem that erupted during the slavery times (Hilliard & Pine, 1990, p. 598). The majority groups (whites) had a pernicious notion that they were superior over other racial groups like the Blacks, African-Americans, and Native American among others. However, globalization has led to frequent intermingling of these racial groups internationally. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore the relationship between globalization and racism. Due to globalization, the current generation of youths has not experienced much racism. Youths from different races attend the same education system, entertainment joints, and conferences leading to stable relationships. Other youths use online services to build relationships with the whites, Asians, Indians Hispanics among other races. There are agreements between nations to enable freely movement of their citizens between borders, passports, and visas for people to travel internationally. People are multilingual and besides, the difference in the skin color, they can communicate easily. There are no cases of black and equality movements calling for the abolishment of social prejudice as it were the case before. Furthermore, due to constant interaction the different racial groups have accepted each other reducing the incidences of racial discrimination. Sadly, Globalization has presented a new way of racial practices that nobody can easily detect as expounded in the next discussion. According to some sociologists, the integration of the world into a single economy has generated global problems, and racial discrimination is among them. United States of America presents the best economic growth in the world. Consequently, the country attracts people from other nations through green cards and other forms of immigration. Although racism is on the decline, the lifestyle of the minority groups in the United States of America is below standards (Sassen, 1998, p. 168). When compared to the majority groups, the African-Americans, American Asians, pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and American Indians have the lowest income, which barely sustain their basic needs. Children in low-income households enroll in schools with poor teaching resources, which lead to either low paying jobs or unemployment. The disparity in the lifestyle is unrecognized especially in developed countries where everybody believes the lifestyle is better. Therefore, the minority groups
Introduction One of the branches of mathematics, calculus deals with integration and derivatives to study change. “Calculus is used in many disciplines such as in science and engineering and can solve problems for which algebra alone can not” (Robertson & O’Connor). It has two main branches namely integral and differential calculus and uses the concepts of algebra, geometry and trigonometry. The ideas of calculus were discovered over long period with the first steps to development of calculus being taken by the Greek mathematicians. Some ideals of integral calculus were introduced in ancient period which were not systematically developed. The integral calculus ideas were used to calculate volumes and areas of objects by Egyptian papyrus around 1800 BC. Greek mathematician by the name Eudoxus implemented the exhaustion method which he used to find areas and volumes of regions and solids respectively in 408 BC. “Between 287 and 212 BC, Archimedes improved the exhaustion method and invented heuristics methods which were similar to integral calculus” (Gel’fand et al). The differential calculus development was first initiated by Archimedes when he calculated the tangent to a curve. The method of exhaustion was further used by Liu Hui in 3 rd century and Zu Chongzhi in fifth century AD to calculate area of square and volume of sphere respectively. In 1000 AD an Islamic mathematician, Alhachen, working in Egypt derived the formula of calculating sum of 4 th powers in geometric progression using a method which was later popularized to finding sum of any integral powers. “He nearly developed the formula of calculating polynomial integral but he was not concerned with polynomials with powers of more than 4 degrees.” (Gel’fand et al) Baskare II, an Indian mathematician derived derivatives representing change for the first time in 12 th century and developed the Rolle’s Theorem. In the same century (12 th ) a Persian mathematician “initiated cubic polynomials derivatives and the idea of function.” (James & Thomas) He also developed differential calculus concept such as minima and maxima of curves and derivative function to help him solve equations of quadratic nature. The modern calculus discoveries were made during the 1600s. In Japan a mathematician by the name Seki Kowe expounded on the exhaustion method and come up with methods of finding are using integral calculus. In late 17 th century major invention in the field of calculus were made in Eur
Topic: The article covers the topic of Deuteronomistic History including the early development of the theory, the work of Martin Noth, the history after Noth, and current scholarships. Summary The article is divided into five sections organized in chronological order starting with the general overview of the topic. Deuteronomistic History is defined as a historical work regarding the biblical books of Deuteronomy through 2 Kings. Noth was the one to change the face of biblical studies by proposing that this piece of the bible is a single literary complex written or edited by one person who compiled the collection of older source material with a singular theology and intent. The content of the piece is the story of Israel’s emergence, success, and failure in the land of Canaan. The first section titled “The Early Development of the Theory” includes the following topics:  1. by the late 1800s, the book of Joshua was considered to be the continuation of the pentateuchal sources;  2. a number of bible researchers proposed that the sources behind Joshua-2 Kings should be understood as multiple, independent literary units and complexes not related to the biblical divisions of the books. The second section “Martin Noth” provides an overview of Noth’s theory. He argued that none of the pentateuchal sources extended beyond Numbers and assumed that the sources underlying the Deuteronomistic History were an assortment of the pre-exilic traditional material arranged by one historian. According to Noth, the first section was critical because the theology of the Deuteronomy dictated the entire treatment of Israel’s history and the speech of Moses served as the opening of the larger composition. To support his argument, Noth used the following evidence: repetition of the similar phraseology, prophecy/fulfillment schema, strategic speeches, leading characters, stylized chronology, and overarching ideology. Noth defined the Deuteronomistic Historian as an exile. The third section “The Deuteronomistic History after Noth” is the longer part of
Fig 1: Circuit diagram of Direct On-Line starter.   * Control circuit: This is available in the control transformer and is 110 Volt.   * Start: The start button is used for local and remote auxiliary contact cause the contactor to be energised which close KMI main and auxiliary contact.   * Stop: Stopping motor normally involves pressing local or remote push button to de-energise the main contractor and coil KMI.   * Fuse: The purpose of the fuse is to protect the short circuit as well as provide protection for the coil, and this will energise the voltage at a normal of 70%. Overcurrent relay and fuse protection necessity The protection of current and fuse is essential to clear a fault. The device is also to enhance the backup method. Thus, protection is very essential to detect overcurrent in the equipment, and this will lead to instantaneous clearing of the fault that might have arisen. It should be noted that the protection of the current relay and fuse is desirable to minimise the damage that might arise from the fault. In addition, the protection is used to prevent or minimise hazards that might have arisen when the system is unstable and there is a complete loss of power from the system. (Qua-Tech Engineer, Inc). The protection of overcurrent relay and fuse protection is required because the overcurrent relay and fuses are used to distribute the power system. Typically, the relay is an electromechanical device that contains many features and is used for elements that are associated with ground fault protection and there is a need for backup protection to achieve suitable settings. The protection is also needed against a ground-fault current that might arise from a lower current and this might produce faulty magnitude. Protection is also needed against overcurrent from Phase C to Phase A, and greater security is essential to protect the phase from phase-ground fault. Thus, there is a need for protection against the crossover of the fuse. (Essex Energy). Relate the fuse rating and overcurrent relay setting to the full load current The purpose of overcurrent is to provide acceptable compromise on over current protection. Thus, the relay coordinates the maximum amount of fault current that can interrupt the circuit breaker. The fuse coordinates the total clearing time for a fuse to preload. In addition, the fuse serves the purpose of protecting the contactor from short-circuit. (Qua-Tech Engineer, Inc 4). Thus, the relationship between fuse rating and overcurrent relay setting to the full load current is that the relationship is to protect the device from the faulty current. (S&C Electric 3). Diagram to connect a remote start and stop using 3 wires. The single phasing denotes the distribution of current electrical power where all voltages are supplied in unison. Typically, the single-phase is applicable in heating and loading large electrical motors. The standard frequencies associated with a single phase are 50 or 60 Hz. A load of a single phase is powered from the distribution of 3 phases, and the application of single-p
Despite the fact that the world level of poverty was significantly reduced, economic inequalities are still an ongoing global issue. For example, as Keeley states (2015), income differences in OECD countries (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) have risen by roughly 10% since the mid-1980s. The vivid case demonstrates that the problem has remained unsolved on the global level. It appears to be clear that world poverty is something negative for people’s lives; however, on the international level of economic discussion, there are continuous debates whether economic inequalities are beneficial or not for the economy as a whole. Politicians, economists, and other social scientists continue to debate the positive and negative effects of income disproportions. Even though a great number of scholars note that economic inequalities negatively affect different socio-economic factors, they can also play a beneficial role in the global economy. In the present paper, the central aim is to analyze both positive and negative economic inequalities. The current work’s central thesis is that global income disproportions can be seen as beneficial and pervasive for a national and global economy. The dialogue on imbalances consistently separates financial disparities and opportunity imbalances. As indicated in Keeley’s research (2015), economic differences allude to the lopsided distribution of finance, employment rate, shared assets, and other resources. Moreover, financial inequalities can essentially influence a person’s chances, particularly those inside the financial range’s most minimal framework. The socio-economic factors connected to economic inequalities involve poverty, poor level of education, health care system, unemployment, and social unrest. A study conducted by Mustafa et al. (2019) demonstrated that high and unreasonable inequalities in Iraq prompted expanded debasement, diminished prosperity among poor people, destabilized word-related and instructive decisions, and raised crime. The conclusion mentioned above is formulated in the OECD report on income disproportions. As stated in the OECD report, income inequalities contribute to crime rates, decreased prosperity, low expectations for everyday comforts, and instructive disparity in a given nation (Keeley, 2015). Another study conducted by Dabla-Norris et al. (2015) uncovered that economic imbalance could hose venture by powering monetary and political shakiness and arrangements that encourage incongruities. An ongoing review by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) demonstrated that the development and maintainability of a country are adversely affected by the nation’s pace of polarities (Dabla-Norris et al., 2015).
Introduction Car accidents are unexpected events that occur to motor vehicles causing damage of the vehicles, structures, fatalities and even death of the people in the vehicles. According to a research done by the United Nations, the rate of growth of accidents in the world continue to increase with over two million deaths and thirty million injuries reported annually. The studies revealed that over seventy percent of the deaths that resulted from road accidents occurred in developing countries. These imply that automobile accidents are a major problem in developing counties stretching from regions of pacific Asia to many parts of Sub Sahara Africa which contribute to over fifty percent of these accidents. The numbers of vehicles continue increasing every year and governments are responding by constructing modern roads that can facilitate smooth transportation of goods and people so as to realize economic growth and reduce accidents which are increasing dramatically. In fact, car accident are ranked second to the major killer disease AIDS in terms of causing deaths and lose of property and resources. As a result, government policies to increase economic empowerment among the people are destructed by car accidents. Types of car accidents There are different classifications of road accidents depending on where the damage has been done on your vehicle. When a car hits another and there are minor damages on the vehicle, the accident is referred to as a rear impact car accident. An example of such an accident is when a vehicle hits another from the back due to failure of the brakes. When a car hits another for the side, the type of accident is referred to as side impact accident. It usually occurs when a vehicle enters another vehicles lane as a result of an abrupt stop and thereby skidding at a right angle. According to Abdelane (20), in the United States, more than a third of the accidents in the US are side impact accidents. When a vehicle hits another car or object in front it is said to have undergone head on collision. This type of accident not only happens to cars but also trains. This type of accident is commonly encountered by drunk drivers and those drivers who dose while driving. This type of accident is most likely to occur when a car enters a road from a wrong direction. When a car is involved in an accident and it turns in a manner that it lays on its side or roof, it is said to have had a roll over accident. This type of accident normally happens to tall tracks (Obenski, 3). Causes of car ac
The fiscal crisis that hit Wall Street had far-reaching impacts globally. This financial crisis has drawn the attention of many scholars, economists, and stockbrokers. Lewis is one of the financial analysts that have tried to scrutinize the 2008 obscure financial crisis in the United States. In writing his book, Lewis conducted an in-depth analysis of the financial trends in Wall Street. As the title of this book suggests, Lewis reveals how dozens of financial experts and investors created and benefited from loan schemes. Lewis underpins his arguments with factual accounts of investors that gained and made irreparable losses during the financial crisis. Lewis also mentions how financial experts warned about the impending financial crisis, but investors ignored their advice. Lewis contends that the 2008 financial crisis had its origins in the 1980s when financial institutions created composite monetary products such as mortgage derivatives. He asserts that the financial products, which increasingly became complicated, were supported by unsecured mortgages that had flexible interest rates. Companies listed on Wall Street were able to conceal the risks of investing in unsecured mortgages by making them incomprehensible. Monetary institutions also manipulated the rating of bonds to attract more clients. For example, some companies listed in the Wall Street bribed rating agencies to incompetently rate risky bonds. Lewis notes that most evaluation techniques were entrenched in the rising property prices, which gave a false impression of the future financial situation. For example, many people failed to pay their mortgages and made serious losses because they were misguided by lending institutions. Therefore, this book has confirmed a popular assertion by Karl Marx that capitalism has its own contradictions that compel investors to take high risks. According to Lewis, an investor who fled the stock bazaar and joined the bond bazaar exemplified a small fuzzy creature reared in an island free of marauders, but unfortunately plunged into a pit crammed with pythons. Lewis has also attempted to give a good clue of how the Collateralized Debt Obligations and Credit Default Swap were created by some investors. He notes that dominant financial institutions in the US invested heavily in sub-prime mortgage schemes. Sub-prime mortgages were consolidated and dubbed Collateralized Debt Obligations. These mortgages were auctioned in the bond
The Memorial of Michael Jackson is considered to be one of the most significant events in the world of music and in the cultural life of America. Lots of fans and people, who respected Michael Jackson, gathered in order to honor this wonderful singer, this king of Pop music, this celebrity, and this man. In spite of numerous discussion, which took place around Michael Jackson for a long period of time, this man remains the symbol of popular American music, and his contribution to culture will be always remembered. In this paper, we will analyze three approaches, which appeared during the memorial, devoted to Michael Jackson and his life. These three approaches are the structural-functional approach that is concentrated on social structures, manifest and latent functions, and the social dysfunctions; the social-conflict approach that tells about possible race and gender conflicts around the person; and, finally, the symbolic-interaction approach that aims at examining human interactions within concrete social settings and interpreting stimulus and response. First of all, the structural-functional approach helps to define the social structure of this memorial. The relations, which unite people all over the world, are closely connected to Michael Jackson and his contribution to the world of music. People, who were present at that memorial service, were not Jackson’s fans only. His family, his relatives, and his close friends were eager to support this event and provide Jackson’s fans with one more chance to be as close to their idol as possible. To my mind, the major manifest function of this memorial is to give people a chance to remember once again why so many people admire Jackson’s works and Jackson himself. This memorial is one more chance to learn something new about the King and be happy. However, certain latent functions of this memorial may take place here. First, people want to have some rumors to talk about; this is why past actions of Jackson cannot but be discussed. Second, this death has lots of secrets, and its investigation will help to make some money. Finally, Jackson was a really popular personality, and he cannot be forgotten. Social dysfunctions are all those emotional problems, which appeared as a result of the development of the memorial service. Fear to be forgotten, fear
Recent attacks on immigrants and on affirmative action, coupled with the mean-spirited political climate in the U.S.Congress, have brought a revival of Chicano activism on college campuses and in scholarly conferences. Moreover, it has come to a restoration of the oratory of the Chicano Movement of the 60’s and 70’s. This is not fresh as the association continues to dwarf all other post 70’s activist actions inside the Mexican-American society. Chicano opinionated pundits have so far to productively tag the activism of the post group era in any permanent method. So, each new communal disaster in the barrio brings out those who assert to be society activists, even though some of them are not aged enough to bear in mind the 70’s. This ought to tell us that the association continues to have ideological and touching magnetism for Chicanos today. The appeal is partially idealistic, much like that which the 60’s has on young white activists of nowadays. But another, more significant cause is that the movement represented a basic move in the way Mexican-Americans saw themselves. We can, from first to last combine, the movement as a procedure by which the Mexican American community develops a construct to argue its place in American history and culture. The Mexican-Americans no longer act in response to the harms confronting them as they would affect immigrants, or a racial group that is gradually vanishing into incorporation. My attention in this essay is to endorse a dissimilar structure for the study of the Chicano Movement. The paper seeks to examine what the “procedure” known as Chicanismo means and tries to analyze the Marxist and neo-nationalist views concerning the history. The Mexican-Americans confront the challenges of a society that remains conscious of race through ethnic group solidarity, and through strategies that guarantee their survival as a distinct yet very American community. They reject traditional