Introduction Penicillin is used to refer to a group of beta-lactam antibiotics that originate from a fungus known as penicillium. The use of penicillin is largely restricted to the treatment of gram-negative bacteria. Penicillium is responsible for the production of penicillin. The production process involves oxidative stress and has been made artificial for purpose of commercial production of the drug. There are a variety of drugs that fall under the penicillin group. They include penicillin G, penicillin benzathine, penicillin V, and penicillin procaine. Penicillin was discovered in the early 1940s and become the first drug to treat diseases that were said to be caused by bacteria. The antibiotics continue to be extensively used at the moment, even though a number of bacteria have developed resistance towards the antibiotics (Levy 5). This article focuses on particular penicillin known as penicillin G benzathine. Penicillin G benzathine is a first-generation penicillin antibiotic, also known as benzathine benzylpenicillin that is indicated as a therapy for rheumatic fever prophylaxis and early/latent syphilis, both in children as well as the adults (Hook, Stephens, and Ennis 436). Other names include Extencilline, Benzethacil Tardocillin, Debecillin, Pendepon, Penidural, and Benzacillin Cepacilina. Its molecular formula is C48H56N6O8S2 and has a molecular weight of 909.12364 (Kiddugavu et al. 2). The main structural characteristic is the presence of the four-membered ring of β-lactam. This is critical to the antibacterial activity of penicillin. The β-lactam ring is joined to a five-membered ring of thiazolidine. This fusion makes the β-lactam more reactive by removing the resonance stabilization that is found in this kind of bond (Baker and Lonergan 243). The drug is taken into the bloodstream for hydrolysis in a very slow process. Benzathine benzylpenicillin is normally available in generic parenteral formulations used for intravenous or intramuscular use. A suspension of penicillin G Benzathine Injectable is delivered in an ISOJECT syringe: 1,200,000 units, which are in packages of 10. For every 2mL syringe, there are 1,200,000 penicillin G benzathine units; 0.0l2 grams of sodium citrate; 0.006 grams of polyvinylpyrrolidone; 0.020 grams of lecithin, plus 0.006 grams sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Preservatives that are normally used with this drug include Methylparaben (0.09%) and Propylparaben (0.01 %.). The product is stored between 2°–8°C (36°–46°F) and should not be frozen. Normally penicillin G that is administered intravenously is given in doses of 300,000 to 4 million units per six to eight hours. When administered intramuscularly, it is given in a single dose of 2.4 million units, particularly as a therapy for primary or secondary syphilis, as well as in three doses per week for syphilis that has taken a long duration (BICILLIN L-A par. 6-10) Penicillin G benzathine is prepared by mixing the penicillin G sodium salt with N, N’ dibenzylethylenediamine. Penicillin G can be biosynthesized in three major steps: First, the amino acid L-valine is subjected to epimerization to produce D-valine. The three amino acids (L-α-aminoadipic acid, L-cysteine, and L-valine (which is now D-valine) are then condensed into a tripeptide known as δ-(L-α-aminoadipyl)-L-cystein