Introduction Researches on vulnerable populations or about potentially upsetting or traumatic topics are complex and often tackle sensitive issues hence causing mixed reactions. In this regard, diverse ethical concerns often emerge for researchers conducting extensive researches on these areas. According to Israel and Hay “Vulnerable people cannot safeguard their rights and interests” (2006, p.71). Therefore, if people do not put proper measures in place, researches on vulnerable populations pose distinct risks. Most of them remain unknown or complex to vulnerable people. Vulnerable populations mostly comprise of physically handicapped people, educationally disadvantaged, mentally disabled, and economically disadvantaged (Abernathy & Azarnoff 1990, p. 91). It, therefore, calls for a lot of emphasis on accountability in execution of diverse ethical researches. It also describes best practices in conducting researches for researchers as well as institutions. Moreover, the code specifies distinct responsibilities held by researchers as they conduct their studies. The paper discusses the ethical concerns raised, how the ethical concerns arise, and how they may manifest themselves in research. Moreover, it points out the steps researchers must take in order to protect their respondents with distinct reference to children and individuals who engage in criminal activities. Ethical concerns for researchers There exist many ethical concerns for researchers involved in research on vulnerable populations or about potentially upsetting or traumatic topics. One of the utmost ethical concerns that arise when conducting these researches is confidentiality and anonymity. Researchers experience significant dilemmas when addressing the privacy of people involved in the researches (Katz 1972, p. 26). Ensuring the privacy of all participants involved in these kinds of researches, who mainly comprise of vulnerable persons or people involved in traumatic scenarios, is a strenuous task. It requires the researchers to work assiduously towards meeting diverse requirements. This calls for utmost care when addressing diverse issues affecting vulnerable people to avoid infringing on their rights as stipulated by the laws. According to Getz and Borfitz (2002, p. 38), vulnerable people include children, pregnant women, prisoners, racial minorities, neonates, Human fetuses, institutionalized, and extremely sick people. Researches on vulnerable population involve obtaining data through interaction and intervention with individuals or intimate information from affected individuals. Consequently, these researches touch on intricate matters, which require a lot of caution when addressing them. If experts do not put appropriate measures in place, these researches will cause irreparable damages to vulnerable populations under study. On the other hand, research about potentially traumatic or upsetting events may result into diverse pernicious effects to people’s lives if people do not put in place regulations on the way they ought to conduct them. In this regard, governments and other institutions all over the world have come up with diverse regulations that provide additional safeguards for how researchers conduct these researches. In Australia, regulation of researches is of considerable essence. Therefore, usage of various regulations requires utmost considerations. For instance, an extensive code referred to as “the Australian Code for