ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The digitization trend is widespread and in demand in various areas. Coreynen, Matthyssens, and Van Bockhaven (2017, p. 44) define this concept and note that it implies “the increasing use of digital technologies for connecting people, systems, companies, products and services”. About the oil and gas industry, this course is relevant today, when many states sell these natural resources actively and, in many respects, form the domestic economy and budget due to them, improving the principles of extraction and production is an essential task. Shukla and Karki (2016) note that introducing innovations in this field is a demanded activity. Therefore, a focus on digitization and connectivity are the crucial aspects of the oil and gas industry. Advantages of Digitization in the Oil and Gas Industry The digitization of industrial facilities in the oil and gas industry is inextricably linked to the issues of ensuring product safety. Innovative IT solutions aimed at speeding up the automation process and optimizing many production processes in enterprises have found wide applications in the market. For instance, according to Longde et al. (2015), the impact of digital technologies is becoming wider, which allows improving not only production processes but also other significant aspects, for example, increasing the organizational efficiency and quality of employees’ operation. At the same time, innovations in production and processing, the digitization of workflow, and other activities are strategically important steps for any company on the path to its digital future. Koplos, Tuccillo, and Ranalli (2014) evaluate the success of the Baker Hughes company and give the statistical results of introducing digital technologies in 2012. According to the results of the assessment, during that period, the corporation drilled “36,824 oil and gas wells”, which was a significant step towards leadership in the industry (Koplos, Tuccillo & Ranalli 2014, p. 45). Therefore, the provision of manufacturing with high-tech equipment contributes to productivity and the expansion of market influence. It is essential to bear in mind that for the oil and gas industry, security is a key issue that digital technology can solve in many ways. As Siebel (2017) points out, using predictive analytics eliminating the technological failures of production assets or costly equipment downtime, as well as minimizing the human factor, contributes to the normal operation of all systems. The functions of modern digital devices that support the work of the oil and gas industry serve as the tolls reducing people’s partici
This whole world is a carnival imbibed by the circumvention conventions of contemporary society. We are all engulfed by the introvert aptitude in the world’s carnival and take recourse to bring the invisibility within at the focus of everyone. This is what Ralph Ellison did in his so profound exemplary book “Invisible Man”. Carnivalesque as a term formed by the Russian critic Mikhail Bakhtin refers to the literary mode that challenges and unshackle the assumption of the atmosphere of authoritarian style or atmosphere through the use of humor or chaos. The world of Ralph Ellison is a carnivalesque approach to the taboo and fears following the interaction between the black women and the white men. Many critics have generalized the version of the “Invisible Man” as the most influential novel of the Post World War II and the greatest literary work highlighting the extraordinary way the invisible black man strives and struggles for his place in the white dominated society. But the most crucial aspect is to analyze this invisible man in the light of the political context and through new literary critical strategies and lenses to bring at the man’s conscious level the most important historical movements of the American society. Christopher A. Shinn has most adequately looked into the issues and life of black men in Ralph’s Ellison, “Invisible Man”. This new lens is through the carnivalesque approach propounded by Mikhail Bakhtin and many others like Julia Kristeva, Robert Da Matta, and Richard D. E. Burton, among others (Shinn, Shinn, Masquerade…. Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man). The “Invisible Man” should be looked at in the political context through the carnivalesque approach overlooked by the earlier critics. Many critics have criticised “Invisible Man” as politically conservative because it appears to give an unconcealed account of political guidance to its readers which ends in a definite call for action and certain good political reasons for the vagueness. The political approach in the novel lies in its structure by which it asks various questions towards the liberation of the blacks and putting into the dialogue form. The “Invisible Man” has attained the double vision forcibly imposed on them as they make them politically aware of their position in the racist society. This double vision is their struggle between the images they hold for themselves and political schemes, their desire and the way they express themselves and their ardent desire to resist. But if we look at the deeper level, double vision is an attack on their dualistic personality, and weakening the very position they are standing. Through double vision at one hand they want to show their presence and identity at personal as well as the cultural level and they get success in making their presence felt while on the other hand it is yet again deferred and their political stand is also one hand accepted while on the other hand challenged. (Reed, 59-60) This is the position blacks were finding thems
Nike, McDonalds and Body Shop are the world known brands. Each of these brands has become popular because of many reasons, however, the main of them are human resource management, marketing and distribution, accounting and finance, operations, information management, and cross-functional issues. The correct organization of these basic processes in economics leads to the successful business running. Speaking about efficiency and effectiveness for Nike, McDonalds and Body Shop, these specific aspects of business are going to be discussed with the stress on how the companies should behave in each of these processes. Human resource management is one of the most important aspects of company running and a guarantee of successful company performance. Each of the companies mentioned above have specific approaches to the human resources. Nike is sure that having become a part of their company each person is going to change due to the challenges offered by the corporation. McDonalds has the strategy of so-called achievement. People have an opportunity to achieve the highest positions only having come through the whole career ladder. Being a simple salesman, people can become managers and even top managers. Training and other supportive practices are guaranteed. Body Shop offers people specific working places. The specifics with in working with human resources in Body Shop is that the first several days people do not work but get used to the new environment. Marketing and distribution are important as well. Nike offers their products in pair with connecting software of the well-known producers. McDonalds is famous for its fast and tasty products with McDrive and other convenient options. Body Shop sells its products on the internet that increases the rate of customers who are ready to buy their products. Accounting and finance in the companies is based on the latest innovative technologies and companies are sure to maintain order in these processes. The efficiency and effectiveness of the mentioned companies depends on their financial operations. The opportunity to pay online, create personal account in Nike and Body Shop are important as customers may return to these stores. McDonalds also tries to improve its financial situation and accounting using electronic money, etc. Selling products online, companies deliver those throughout the country. The delivery is based on various expr
Abstract The merger between Daimler and Chrysler was designed to create a complex multinational automobile manufacturer with a market worth of more than $130 billion. The merger was supposed to ring paradigm shifts in the way that cars would be made and driven. But unfortunately, the great upheavals and changes that were predicted did not happen and the merger sunk into a morass of cultural mismatch. Synergies between Daimler, a German company, and Chrysler, an American company could not develop. For the merger to be successful, a climate of mutual trust, learning, creativity common values, and ethics need to be developed first. When two companies merge, there needs to be a balanced change management policy where both parties are given their due right and encouraged to exchange ideas for mutual growth. Daimler tried to ramrod its policies on the resilient Americans who resisted and this resulted in a war of attrition in which neither party won. This paper analyses the Daimler Chrysler merger and the change management issues that the two companies faced. The paper also provides a brief overview of change management methodologies and explains the factors to be considered for managing change in organizations. Stakeholders in the Merger Stakeholders played an important role in the merger. These were entities that could critically influence any decisions in the merger. The major stakeholders were the two companies, the workers union and the majority Share holders. Table 1. Daimler Chrysler Statistics in 1997, gives information about the two companies. Table 1. Daimler – Chrysler Statistics in 1997 (Schulten Thorsten, 1998) Revenues, profits and employment of Daimler-Chrysler, 1997                                                             Daimler-Benz AG     Chrysler Corporation  Daimler-Chrysler AG (pro-forma) Revenues                                                    USD 68,917 million  USD 61,147 million    USD 130,064 million             Operating profit                                            USD 2,404 million   USD 4,723 million     USD 7,127 million               Number of employees                                         300,168             121,000               421,168                          Daimler – Benz AG Daimler Benz or Daimler Mercedes Benz (DMB) was incorporated in 1926 after a merger of Daimler and Benz companies. The new company made the famous Mercedes cars that have dominated the market for premium, luxury, and racecars for the past few decades. The company has drastically changed how cars are made and driven and have brought in several technology changes in areas such as the engine, transmission, safety, and in providing a rich riding experience. The company has introduced innovations such as safety crumple zones, anti-lock brakes, airbags, seat belts pre-tensioners, and many more. The carmaker has manufacturing facilities in several countri
Introduction Philosophy is a very wide discipline with numerous branches and sub disciplines. Some of the sub disciplines include epistemology, which is the study of knowledge for instance its nature, sources and limitation, ethics on the other hand studies morality for instance what is right or wrong or good or evil. Religion is also an essential aspect of philosophy and entails the beliefs that involve the cause, nature and purpose of the universe. It relates humanity to truths and values. Death penalty can fall well under the ethics and religion branches of philosophy. It is a practice that has been present in many countries around the world although most of them only retain it but do not exercise it. This paper discusses death penalty in relation to ethics emphasizing on what is considered right or wrong based on the arguments supporting and those against it. My own point of view will also be highlighted. Death penalty and Ethics Death penalty is also referred to as capital punishment. It is usually the sternest form of corporal punishment since it entails taking away the lives of the convicted offenders by the law enforcement officers. It entails the compulsory execution of a criminal offender as a form of punishment for committing crimes that are considered to be serious by the law for instance murder and treason although in some instances, it could include adultery, rape and some form of fraud. It is an act that can only be ordered by the state. There are numerous arguments put forth both for and against the aspect of death penalty. The issue of whether or not it is right to undertake capital punishment and the circumstances that should necessitate death penalty has brought about a lot of controversy and debates among various people, the ethical aspect being realized in deciding the moral behind capital punishment especially considering the right to deprive a human being of his or her life. This is the basic dispute over death penalty. The morality behind death penalty is undermined by different views that are brought forward by different theories or schools of thought in the ethical disciplines. For example, the aspect of killing is considered either right or wrong depending on the circumstances although in the overall view, killing is evil and unethical. Killing for defense purposes and for the overall good of the society for instance to avoid more harm to the innocent citizens is in most cases justified but malicious killing considered wrong (Cohen and Wellman, 2005). Arguments In Support Of Death Penalty There are various factors attributed to general punishment for offenders for example deterrent and defense where the punishment is aime
Nonverbal communication entails the use body expressions, movements and gestures that signify a certain aspect. Nonverbal communication plays an important role in passing information from one person to another. For effective communication to take place, both parties should be able to decode the nonverbal cues involved. Therefore, one has to be well equipped with the necessary knowledge to enable him/her to identify a given nonverbal cue as well as understand the message attached to that particular gesture. Men and women have different facial expressions as well as different gestures as far as nonverbal communication is concerned. This paper explores the differences in nonverbal communication between men and women in the workplaces. Nonverbal cues not only reveal ones emotions but also tend to reveal all the underlying motives of the person in question. In most cases, they reveal fear, joy, honesty, indecision as well as frustration among others. The simplest gestures like the way co-workers stand or enter a room usually speak volumes about aspects such as their confidence, self-worth and credibility (Bryon, 2007, p. 720). Some behaviors also reveal people’s intent than they may realize. For instance, one unknowingly passes information by the way they sit, look and even stand among othes. Nonverbal communication occurs in a variety of ways such as eye movements, facial expressions and body postures. Eye contact is a common nonverbal communication aspect. It is made through a series of glances by one party (the speaker) to ensure that the other party (listener) has understood or to gage reactions. The listener uses eye contact to indicate their interest in the speaker’s words or activity. However, men and women behave differently. Most men tend to look up at the end of utterances unlike women who will still retain their eye contact. According to Espito, women use eye contact more than their male counterparts do especially as a sign of a lagging conversation (2007, p. 102). They do so by looking away to pay more attention to other people and objects within their vicinity. For instance, when a woman glances at her watch, gazes blankly into the distance, or visually scans the room, she is giving definite signals with her eyes that she has, in effect, stopped listening (Gorman, 2008, p. 44). Most women tend to discuss work-related issues using a social gaze instead of a business gaze. A business gaze entails placing one’s eyes at the mid forehead of the listener. Usually, it is like an imaginary triangle with the eyes at the base and the apex at the mid forehead. When one keeps their gaze in that area, they nonverbally signal no-nonsense, businesslike approach. When the imaginary triangle is inverted, one m
A funding vehicle is any entity operated as a hedge fund, pooled investment vehicle or a private equity fund. The pension funding vehicle operates by pooling funds from members involved in the investment (Turner 2004). However, investment managers can operate a given funding vehicle either as a single entity or merge it together with other related funding vehicles involved in a similar marketing process. In addition, the marketing process should be managed by the same investment manager or general partners to maintain uniform investment objectives and investment lockstep. Some fund vehicles may have high risks while others involve low risks. The high-risk fund vehicles include stocks while the lower risk ones include bonds (Megginson & Smart 2009). The types of loans provided by funding vehicle The pension fund vehicles provide various types of loans. The first one is personal loans given to the members. The personal loans are said to be unsecured because they cannot be secured by collaterals, such as real estate or vehicles (Quarter et al, 2003). Their approval relies majorly on the applicant’s credit report and date-to-income ratio. The second type of loans is vehicle loans. According to Green (2011), a member of a pension union can borrow from the funding organization to purchase a vehicle of their choice and repay later. The loans offered for vehicles are secured loans because the vehicles can act as collateral. The third type of loan offered is the education loans. The education loans may be used for post-graduate degrees, college educations, certificates, and other educational establishments (Megginson & Smart 2009). The loans can also be used to repay your education debts if the debts were majorly used for education purposes. The payments for the education loans can be ten years maximum. Mortgage or home loan is the next type of loan that pension funds offer (Choudhry, Cross & Harrison 2003). The mortgage terms may range from three years to fifteen years. In addition, the rates can be fixed or variable. The fixed rate cannot be changed throughout the loan period, but the variable rate can either reduce or increase within the loan period. Those who already own homes can apply for the mortgage loan to renovate their homes while others can apply to build homes or real estates. Description of typical company/individual that utilizes the fund The individuals who mostly utilize finances from a funding vehicle are older and self-employed people. The older people invest in funding vehicles through trust agreements to get financial securities. There are benefits that people enjoy in the pension funding vehicle, as they get older. However, there are rules about the benefits determined by age and in some cases they change as people get to state pension age. At pension age, people can choose to start receiving their state pension; the state pension age for women is 60 while for men, i
The UAE is a relatively young country that managed to become one of the top-notch countries in the world in a little more than fifty years. Just like any other country, the United Arab Emirates have their own peculiarities when it comes to employment and workplace procedures (Gallagher and Pounder 88). The types of employment leaves are not an exception. This essentially happened due to the basic UAE’s working sector divided into two cohorts: private and public sector workers (Parreñas 21). It is an important factor, as the difference between those sectors grants them different benefits and privileges. The paper describes and explains all those differences, providing insight on each of the existing types of employment leaves in the United Arab Emirates. Annual Leave Full-time private division workers in the United Arab Emirates are permitted to have at least 30 calendar days yearly leave in addition to the standard public days off. Twenty days of annual leave are entitled to the workers who are positioned in the Dubai International Financial Center. Each and every accumulated annual leave is billed to the worker upon the expiry of hire (Jeffreys 204). If the situation at the workplace necessitates that, for example, an imperative project has to be finished by a particular time limit, a worker can suspend annual leave to the succeeding year or take money payment in the place of the annual leave. Nevertheless, accrued annual leave cannot be passed over outside the end of the following year. Sick Leave The worker is not eligible to have any compensated sick leave all through the trial period. Still, if an employee works for more than three months after completion of the trial period, the worker is authorized to have a sick leave less than 90 days either incessant or sporadic for each year of service. It should be renowned that the worker should make available the indication of his sickness meriting sick leave by the sanctioned medical documentation. Additionally, the worker will not be permitted to get paid for the days that he has not testified to work after the termination of his leave (whether sick leave or annual leave). This will not predispose the constitutional rights of the company to dismiss the worker’s contract if the employee is not able to get back to the workplace during the interior of seven following days from the day of the week he was due back. Study/Educational Leave There are also some other categories of leave that exist s