ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Lawrence Steinberg argues that “we must invest in children throughout their development and especially during adolescence. We need to make it a priority for how we allocate our resources.” I argue that investment in kids and adolescents is necessary so that during adulthood, citizens are not affected by mental disorders, high levels of violence and inequalities in income. It is important to invest in kids to strengthen the future of any nation. Puberty is a period where teenagers undergo various hormonal changes. These puberty-specific changes affect brain development. Adverse consequences to the brain are related to an increase in a hormone called estradiol. Guzman et al argue that mental disorders such as depression begin at the adolescent stage (p. 6). Factors such as financial challenges, role overload, and marital problems should be eliminated through foster care and financial support to kids and adolescents. Further, adolescents are vulnerable to mental illnesses. Investment in adolescents is, therefore, necessary for reducing high levels of mental illnesses. Mental illnesses arise from poverty. Investments should be made on kids and teenagers through poverty eradication (Murphy, Barry, and Vaughn 2). Children and adolescents living in poverty experience less cognitive stimulation and enrichment (Kerstin, Firk, and Uhlhaas, par 5). In particular, kids and adolescents raised in a poor environment experience behavioral, learning, mental and physical health challenges. For instance, suicide rates for Aboriginal youths are on the increase. About 50% of young Aboriginal people are suicidal. Societal pressures, maltreatment of kids, and lack of foster care lead to early-onset depression, suicide, and violence among Aboriginal youth (Office of the Chief Coroner 43). Completion of education and wage gap arise because of societal factors. Investments in kids and adolescents ensure that during adulthood, there is a high number of students completing universities and colleges. High levels of university and college dropouts are related to failure to invest in the social development of kids and adolescents. According to Wortley (par 5), loss of advancement and opportunity during early childhood and adolescence affects the wage gap and completion of education. Social learning theory explains that high levels of violence, juvenile delinquency, and crime among adolescents arises because of what kids and adolescents see and learn (Kerstin, Firk, and Uhlhaas, par 5). In particular, violence and juvenile delinquency are caused by media influences such as exposur
Bhagwati, Jagdish et al. “The Muddles over Outsourcing.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives , no. Fall, 2004, 1-42. Bhagwati, Panagariya, and Srinivasan argue that the often claimed job losses in the US as result of outsourcing are negligible arguing that long term gains were inevitable despite the continued high unemployment rates persisting. Chapman, Bob. “Outsourcing and Offshoring in the Global Economy: US Corporations Moving to Offshore Tax Havens.” International Forecaster , 21 Sept. 2011, www.globalresearch.ca/outsourcing-and-offshoring-in-the-global-economy-us-corporations-moving-to-offshore-tax-havens/26708.. “The Truth Is Offshore” is an article by Bob Chapman who decries the incidence of the tax regime in the US that allows firms to defer remitting taxes and thus able to hide their revenues in the so-called tax havens offshore. Chapman thus opposes outsourcing as leading to loss of thousands of jobs and “territorial taxation” that enable US firms avoid taxation leading to tax losses of billions to the country. Drezner, Daniel W. The Outsourcing Bogeyman. Foreign Affairs , no. May/June, 2004, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2004-05-01/outsourcing-bogeyman.. Daniel W. Drezner is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and the author of “The Sanctions Paradox.” In this article, Drezner alleges that politics have crowed the debate on outsourcing as debate on the merits and demerits of job losses lender the debate acrimonious. He argues protectionism could only be harmful to the US economy and that statistics depicted by proponents of outsourcing as erroneous. Dwivedi, Jay. Impact of Offshoring on American Economy . 2008, Iiproceed.com. . Dwivedi supporting the need to outsource alleges the trend is irreversible in view of the globalization trend. Contemporary business necessitates businesses to be more competitive to remain relevant. He then cites the example set by Japan during the 1990s as illustrative of economies readjusting to remain relevant. Kirkegaard, Jacob F. Outsourcing—Stains on the White Collar? Institute for International Economics, 2004. Kirkegaard has also supported outsourcing and asserts that projected job losses are moderate and are outweighed by the gains in jobs created. He consequently gives statistical evidence in the IT sector to prove this. Kirkegaard also argues though job losses may severe in some states, they are recouped in jobs created in others and similarly gives an example of Michigan and Colorado. Mandel, Michael. “The Real Cost Of Offshoring.” Bloomberg . 2007.. BusinessWeek is an authoritative business journal run
With the passage of time, people develop interesting and sophisticated means of expression. Traditional art and photography has slowly given way to unorthodox approaches, and the definition of art itself can be highly contended. With the use of the online sphere, the development and growth of art has further expanded, using existing media, computer programs and unique tools to impress and captivate other people. One of the interesting trends of the recent years, which is deeply connected with the online sphere, is the change in internet culture and humor. The recently-emerging trend is the attempt to embrace post-irony and intentionally low quality as inherent part of humor. The memes of the recent times increasingly use their platform to lambast and make fun of existing properties and the culture of the past. The use of excessive editing and visual filter is an especially prominent part, as they serve to highlight the absurdity of contemporary internet culture. During my quest for inspiration, I have pondered on the artistic value and qualities of the so-called “deep-fried memes” and their contribution to the modern culture. I think that the intentional use of noisy imagery, distortion and editing filters creates a unique space of expression that further makes one question the purpose and definition of art itself. While I am currently unable to fully capture the spirit and qualities of absurd contemporary humour, I attempted to see how the excessive use of filters can influence an simple image. I have not been able to identify the author of this image, as they freely distributed on the internet. Using this particular picture, I have tried to edit the saturation, color levels and other variables of a photograph of the sky until I managed to create something similar. I think that the feel of the image I created is rather similar to the one presented above, as they both use contrasting colors and low visibility to create a mix of unease and confusion in the viewer.
Introduction Frege Gitlob was a philosopher who was instrumental in various inventions in the fields of mathematics, science, and philosophy. Some of his main achievements include the creation of the primary axiomatic system, the invention of the contemporary logic of quantification, and the definition of identity. In his definition of identity, he argues that for enhanced understanding, a person has to get a clarity of the object and the reference denoting it. According to him, an object has a reference and logic of the expression. In his view, reference means the statement used to refer to the object, while the logic of expression implies how people describe the object in question. Therefore, it is within this background that the essay analyzes Frege’s solution to the identity puzzle. Frege’s Concept of Identity According to Frege, an object has two components, reference, and sense, which help in its identity. In his argument, he uses Venus, which refers to the morning star, as well as the evening star. Frege states that the evening and the morning stars refer to the planet Venus, but the senses behind these references are different. In one of the instances, individuals refer to the planet as a star that appears in the morning, whereas in another instance, the planet implies a star that is visible in the morning. The identity puzzle described by Frege elucidates that an object receives informative and analytic identities. Therefore, according to him, a line of distinction is evident in the presentation of the identity of an object basing on sense or reference. Frege also explains that the distinction is not limited to objects only, but it extends to elements like propositions, numbers, and even sentences. He points out that the identity of these elements is clear when there is truth-value in the presentations accorded to the subject element. Also, Frege highlights that identity refers to functions, which require solutions. For instance, the square root of a certain number yields an ou
Literature Review One of the problems that every woman faces in a family business is that of succession. There are various approaches to succession in the family business. Ward (2016) believes that it depends on the model of the family and singles out eight models. In the model of Royal Families , the right to lead the business belongs to the oldest son. As a rule, he is the first child to enter the business. Besides, in such families, daughters are often excluded from the business and have to make a career elsewhere. This model contradicts the modern tendency for equal opportunities for women. In the model of Anarchical Families , there are no clear rules of succession. All children have equal rights and voices in the business. Moreover, the children are not obliged to join a family business; this model gives freedom for women to decide their destiny. Laissez-Faire Families are similar to anarchical family, but they usually plan to sell the family company because they believe that their children should start a business of their own. In this model children of both sexes will get equal shares. In Social Democratic Families parents provide equal opportunities for all their children. If children enter the business, they share equal titles and are equal partners. If they choose not to join the business, they get equivalent assets. Democratic Capitalist Families consider that everyone gets what one deserves. Thus, the benefits from the business are shared according to the contribution. Representative Democracy Families prefer appointing a trustee to run the business instead of the family. The equity among the family members is provided through equal sha
Problem Statement The problem with the Family Commons at Cabrillo is whether it adheres to the 2030 vision of Long Beach City. It is important to establish if the Family Commons at Cabrillo is in sync with Long Beach City because there had been several instances when changes much affect the lives of people that the Family Commons try to help, in this instance, the homeless. It is to be understood that the homeless have less opportunity at finding ways to pay their rent at Cabrillo and poses the risk of being ejected or thrown away, which in the end compromises the 2030 vision. The problem has been identified through careful analysis of the social and economic situation, both of land use and city planners as well as the recipients of the program, which are marginalized. History Long Beach was incorporated as a city in 1888 believed to have prospered due to ranches established by a Yankee Jonathan Temple further worked on by Flint, Bixby and Co (McCawley, 1996). It is now considered one of the biggest cities in the US. The City of Long Beach launched a campaign to residents and business owners encouraging them to become active in the city planning, as de facto city planners. They use markers and stickers on a city map to show where they would like to see improvements, new infrastructure as well as desired activities in the future. This activity allows them to share their vision of the city by 2030 as the city government updates the City’s General Plan (Garrow, 2009). The Emerging Themes called “imagined cities” are reported at www.longbeach2030.org (Garrow, 2009). It consolidates and summarizes the contributions of the citizens to make a foundation for the General Plan with sections that include: neighborhoods, transportations, the waterfront, environment, culture, economy and safety. A series of opportunities await in every section with the goal to improve air and water quality, support for public libraries and encouraging wholesome and safe activities on streets and parks. Public concerns are generated through community events in neighborhood and business association gatherings, as well as through the Community Planning festivals as they voice out opinions and concerns about the physical form and needed developments in the City (Garrow, 2009). The City of Long Beach surveyed residents and businesses about:   * Where new development should occur in the City   * What should new developments look like   * How to integrate cars, buses, bicycles, and pedestrians into people movements in the City   * How to preserve and protect the environment in view of future generations   * How to encourage jobs within the City and what types of jobs are needed   * How to balance new development with the historic assets of the past (US Fed News Service, 2007) Cabrillo is a residential community previously a 26-acre US Naval housing site established to give a chance for the homeless. It is a partnership of private and public entities transferred from the Department of Defense to Century Villages at Cabrillo through the McKinney Act to serve the homeless and those at risk of being homeless (Century Villages, 2009). The Family Commons at Ca
The Preposition 23 states that the implementation of Air Pollution Control Law (according to Global Warming Solutions Act), will be suspended, until the employment level in California decrease to 5.5 %. In addition, the Proposition 23 suspends the program on greenhouse gas emission reduction that involves cleaner fuel requirements and augmented renewable energy. It also suspends reporting on mandatory emotions for such emission sources as oil refines and power plants (League of Women Voters of California Education Fund, n. p.). During the period of suspension, the state organizations will not allowed to adopt and propose new regulations and enforce previously accepted regulations. The proposition 23 received a mixed feedback from the voters. On the one hand, it was approved by the California Air Resources Board that considered it more realistic to suspend the implementation of this law due to the existing $ billion deficit leading to the rise of unemployment rates and to destruction of the economy and society (Official Voter Information Guide, n. d.). On the other hand, the proposition was highly criticized because it could impose adverse effects on the situation with air pollution in California. Moreover, the voters believe that “…Texas oil companies are spending millions on a deceptive campaign to promote Prop. 23 because 23 would allow them and other polluters to escape accountability and increase their profits” (Official Voter Information Guide, n. d). A thorough analysis of the situation reveals that the Proposition 23 can save workplaces and, at the same time preserves clean water and air in California; it should also prevent from destruction of economies. Nevertheless, the measure can be also evaluated as the oil companies’ attempt to promote their businesses and to reduce export of foreign oils (Pros and Cons. Suspension of AB 32 Air Pollution Control Law). Despite the fact that there is equal amount of arguments in favor and against, the majorities of voters did not support the Proposition because they are more concerned with climate change issues. In particular they believe that air pollution and natural disaster refer to much more serious problems (Forum with Michael Krasny n. p.). However, there were voters that explained their approval by their concerns with the economic situation in California that had considerably aggravated within the period of 40 years. Therefore, the problem is difficult to resort. Two-polar views are presented in Walter’s article called Airing Out Prop 23 where he presents a neutral position on the case (Walter 1). In my humble opinion, the Preposition 23 has both positive and negative outcomes for the members of our society. Such mixed attitudes to the issue are predetermined by setting different priorities. In particular, some people believe that the suspension of Air Pollution Control Act will have an adverse effect on the ecological environment in California and will impose inevitable losses. However, there are people whose are more economically predetermined believing that a short suspension will im
Introduction Chinese immigrants like other immigrants were motivated by economic factors. Life in China had become expensive based on high levels of unemployment. Economic opportunities in the United States provided hope for Chinese immigrants to survive in a foreign country. Liabilities In the period of 1882 to 1943, the United States government developed policies and laws to stop the immigration of Chinese citizens from China to the United States. Liability related to the large numbers of Chinese that had come to the United States. In particular, the Chinese were in search for inexpensive labor during the construction of the transcontinental railroad. As a result, the Chinese competed with American workers on employment opportunities within the transcontinental railroad project (Yep et al. 271). Competition for scarce health care resources was also part of the liability. Settlement Patterns According to Diwan and Jonnalagadda (45), settlement patterns were based on economic factors as well as racial segregation. Patterns of economic development in western states of the United States determined the settlement pattern of the Chinese. Mining and railway construction were part of economic development in western states such as California. Chinese immigrants settled in California and regions west of the Rocky Mountains. The decline in railway construction and mining industries led to increased lobbying for Chinese to vacate the United States. As a result, most Chinese citizens were forced to settle into the mainstream society. The Chinese engaged in service industries as well as labor intensive manufacturing in cities such as Seattle, Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, Boston, and San Francisco. Further, the Chinese decided to engage in agriculture among rural communities in California. Other immigrants settled in black communities in the Deep South by setting up business enterprises that served local communities. In the early 20 th century, Chinese immigrants were driven into Chinatowns as part of settlements within major cities in the United States. Challenges Major challenges that affected Chinese citizens related to racism, cultural challenges, as well as assimilation challenges. Racism and government policies demanding the Chinese be eliminated from the labor industry led to segregation. As a result, the Chinese were separated from the mainstream society. However, there was some contact based on small businesses set up by the Chinese in poor black communities (Kelly 227). Assimilation and integration of the Chinese was not welcomed by the government. Like orphans, Chinese citizens settled in Chinatowns. The mainstream society ensured that the Chinese could not be integrated into the larger society. The government ensured that Chinese immigrants were denied citizenship since the government and the larger society felt that the Chinese could not be integrated into the society (Diwan and Jonnalagadda 45). Poor housing and job discrimination were also part of the challenges that affected Chinese immigrants in the United States. As a result, poor economic conditions forced Chinese
Ancient Greece has always been associated with heroes and heroic deeds, especially when it comes to literature. Homer depicted numerous heroes in his timeless Iliad , and people still refer to this work as a set of stories of glory and heroism. However, it is also important to note that human society has been changing throughout centuries. Importantly, people’s values and perceptions have been changing alongside society. It is possible to trace this change while looking at Homer’s Iliad and Chaucer’s The Knight’s Tale with a specific focus on heroes depicted in the two works. It is rather tempting to see the later work as a reflection of the ancient Greek story, but Chaucer’s work is rather a re-evaluation of the old story. In the first place, it is necessary to note that the two stories are set in Ancient Greece. This makes the two works quite similar, but, at the same time, very different as quite different topics are central to the stories. Importantly, for ancient Greeks, the glory was the most important in their fight. Thus, when Achilles is talking to his closest friend he stresses, “do not fight the Trojans further in my absence, or you will rob me of glory that should be mine” (Homer 161). Clearly, Achilles is fighting to win glory, and he does not care much about love or even wealth and trophies. Therefore, one of the major characters and key heroes of the literary work focuses on reflecting glory on his name and his deeds. At the same time, Chaucer’s heroes care little about glory as they focus on other things. Arcita, one of the heroes, strives for victory only to glorify the name of the god of war. Arcita addresses Mars and exclaims, “And grant, tomorrow, I have victory. / Mine be the toil, and thine the whole glory!” (Chaucer 767). Of course, these heroes attitude towards glory sheds light on the way people saw glory at different periods. It is also important to add that there is another reason for the battle in the two stories. This reason is love. Nonetheless, in Iliad , love is not put to the fore while in The Knight’s Tale , love seems to be central. In Iliad , one of the heroes contemplates, “Any man of common right feeling will love and cherish her who is his own” (Homer 155). It seems that it is not about love but about the property and the right to defend a man’s possessions.