ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary The twenty-first century has seen serious development in the field of architecture. Architectural developments can be traced back to ancient’s kingdoms. The Egyptian Empire came up with pyramids which still remain wonders of the world even today. The architectural designs of the pyramids show a high level of skill put forth by the experts who were involved in their construction, given the fact that the pyramids still exist currently after hundreds of years only confirm the expertise of the work. The Late Han Empire was also known for very unique architectural designs. The modern architectural designs can be traced back to the Roman Empire. This empire was able to come up with architectural designs that reflect what we have today. The current architectural developments are attributed to these ancient architectures. Criticism in architecture is very important. The above ancient empires were able to succeed in architecture because of criticism. The leaders of these kingdoms would constantly put the architectures and the engineers under pressure and criticism in order to advance in the architectural designs of various buildings within the kingdom. Some of the current buildings are so unique that it is impossible for one to believe that it exists unless one sees them. Criticism has pushed architectures and construction engineers to the limits. They have come out strongly to show their prowess. They are determined to show the world that they have the capacity to come up with buildings, some of which seem to defy nature. The building below demonstrates this. Figure 1 The above buildings show a unique building that apparently is defying the natural forces. It is strange that the above building cannot pass without critics identifying some mistakes on it. Although it is an amazing building that is pleasing to the eye, and one would be amazed how one could have come up with the building, some critics will single out a number of mistakes in the building and recommend further improvement. Modern Design Initially, the main aim of the architectures was to make the exterior design of the houses as appealing as possible. Criticism was by then based on the physical appearance of buildings. Architectures made concerted effort to come up with beautiful designs. The following figure shows one of the modern architectural design that demonstrates how architectures have gotten committed to coming up with strange structures. As a way of satisfying the critics, architectures have tried to ape some of the common objects that would not appear to be like a building. The figure below shows a building that resembles a cap. Elements of Criticism in the Contemporary World A number of critics have come up strongly to criticize buildings on various fronts. Frank Lloyd Wright is one of the earliest critics of arch
Introduction John Milton’s epic poem, “Paradise Lost”, primarily explores the repercussions of disobedience visited upon man after his fall occasioned by eating the forbidden fruit. Therefore, the poem inadvertently cautions against disobeying the instituted authority and moral structures. However, through the actions of one of the main protagonists of the poem, Satan, the act of challenging authority is explored. Satan challenges the authority of God in heaven, and consequently, he is cast away into the depths of hell. Similarly, in Daniel Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe”, the title character, Robinson Crusoe, decides to follow his long held ambition of exploring the seas. Subsequently, he goes against his family’s, especially his father’s, wish that he settles down, establish himself in a respectable career, and create a socially expected and accepted trajectory of life amongst his societal contemporaries. The common thread in the two characters; Satan in “Paradise Lost” and Robinson Crusoe in “Robinson Crusoe”, is that, they both wilfully defy the set authority that has guided and ruled over their lives. Instead, they decide to chart their own course in life independent of the influence of their separate father figure authorities. Satan, primarily due to his immense hubris that sets him against God, decides to challenge the authority of God by leading a rebellion that intends to usurp the authority of God in heaven. The rebellion fails, and he is banished into hell. Nevertheless, Satan is determined to live a life that is independent of the influence of the fatherly authority of God; therefore, he decides to acclimatize to his wretched existence in the depths of hell. He states that, he would be okay as long as he maintains his liberty in hell, and to this effect he reveals that he would rather reign in hell than serve in heaven (Milton Book 3, verse 77). Similarly, Robinson Crusoe goes against his father’s wishes, and thus authority, by deciding to forgo the comforting and relatively stable life of career men in the town of Hull. Instead, he casts his lot with the precarious nature of exploration and adventurism, much to the dismay of his father (Defoe 2). Therefore, in both texts, the characters of Satan, Adam, Eve, and Robinson Crusoe bravely defy the authority of the father figures in their lives. Furthermore, they heroically choose to follow their own paths in life, which even while turning out to be dangerous, unpredictable, and almost suicidal for them, are worth the struggle because of the sense of freedom, liberation, and self-dependence that they subsequently acquire. The Setting in Robinson Crusoe and Paradise Lost: The Town of Hull and Heaven as Harbingers of Disobedience, Defiance, and Revolt The setting at the beginning of Paradise Lost and Robinson Crusoe provide a fertile ground for fostering dissent, especially for inquisitive and curious souls such as those of the respective characters in both texts. In Paradise Lost, the setting of Heaven and the requirements by God
Learning and teaching are believed to be two sides of the same coin; the best accepted standard for gauging effective teaching is the extent of student learning that takes place. Most literatures on how to teach effectively are packed with thoroughly researched approaches through which teachers can offer both skills and content to ensure efficient student learning. However, researchers in the field of education are yet to come up with a rule book regarding which teaching methods can complement the content and skills that are taught in schools. In light of this, the paper seeks to propose solutions to the instructional problem from five different perspectives including: the response system technology, experiential learning, family school partnerships, technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPCK), speech and language therapy (SLT), and the use of concept maps. Critical Review The majority of research findings show that whole-class teaching still has a significant role to play in the learning process. The concept of whole-class instruction offers teachers numerous prospects to provide feedback to students regarding their thinking pattern. More specifically, after the students have been exposed to a hands-on encounter with any new topic, they become more prepared for lectures about these concepts or for demonstrations, which involve addressing their pre-conceptions regarding particular units. The Response System Technology The response system technology is the most suitable approach teachers can use to instruct learners in the areas of mathematics and sciences. Research shows that most developments in the two subjects have been geared toward improving student work in laboratories and in small groups. Through this strategy, instructors are able to incorporate questions arising from students, together with wide-reaching and instant reactions from them, into their teaching instructions. Consequently, they are able to utilize the technology for various purposes such as provoking the initial ideas of students, constructive assessment, informed decision making, sampling students with regard to their areas of interest and preferences, and quizzing (William, Christy, Boscardin, & Valerie, 2007). It has been established from previous research that the response system has mostly concentrated on the domains of engineering, computer science and physics, where the capacity to give distinctive and precise answers to abstract questions, is critical. Researchers argue that successful teaching is achieved by using a response system that incorporates other subjects such as social sciences among other humanities. Some scholars suggests that when the classroom network technology is combined with effectual questioning, debate, and feedback, the results obtained are an effective catalyst for conceptual transformation, intensified student engagement in class, and better equity in the instruction used in science related subjects (William, Christy, Boscardin,
Karl Marx is the founder of new doctrine and the author, together with Friedrich Engels, of the Communist Manifesto (1848), one of the most influential documents in the history of humankind. The Manifesto contains a brilliant analysis of capitalism’s specifics, a description of various classes, and objective laws of social development. It has become the principal program document of the first communist organization. Marx and Engels dedicated their work to not only present the concept of socialism as the only way any society can progress. The document’s vital part discusses proletarian education as “determined by the material living conditions and social relations” (Wang 960). Moreover, Marx believed that by educating the working class the capitalism would dissolve, and the society would transition into socialism with the proletariat as the ruling class. To better understand Marx’s stance on education, it is crucial to look at how he outlines the capitalist social structure. The Communist Manifesto separates the working class, or proletariat, from the bourgeoisie, a small social group represented by the wealthy, who owns most of the society’s land, properties, and means of production. The working class in the capitalist world does not have access to education and is viewed by the bourgeoisie as tools to ensure a successful production process (Wang). To some extent, the Manifesto stresses that the wealthy are afraid to educate farmers and factory workers since the consciousness improved by knowledge will result in the ruling class overturning the present regime. In this sense, Marx presented education as a tool
Being one of the most engaging and captivating biographies, the autobiography of Frederick Douglass provides an account of the life of African American people in the U.S. at the time of slavery. Introducing the perspective of a slave into the narrative and centering it, which was an unprecedented change in the discourse around the issue at the time, the biography offers a chance at changing the status quo by encouraging African American people to reconsider their situational and recognize their power to rebel. Serving as the pivoting point in Douglass’ perception of his situation, his fight with covey made him realize the necessity to fight back as the only possible response to the atrocities of slavery and the inhumane treatment that he and other African American people received from the white population. What makes Douglass’s biography especially remarkable is the fact that it manages to transform the opinions of other African Americans, provoking their willpower and need for their rights to be recognized as some of their core needs. As a result, Douglass work led to the author making a tremendous personal change and recognizing the importance of fighting against slavery actively. Even though Douglass’ memoirs produce a rather somber impact, very few characters in it elicit the same extent of terror and disdain as covey. Described as the most ruthless slave owner, whose job was specifically to subjugate and demoralize slaves showing especially strong resistance, Covey played a pivotal role on Douglass’ perception of the situation and his decision to act: “From what I know of the effect of these holidays upon the slave, I believe them to be among the most effective means in the hands of the slaveholder in keeping down the spirit of insurrection” (Douglass, 1999, p. 74). In other words, it was Covey’s unhinged violence that led Douglass to discovering the futility of his efforts to reconcile with his status and the need to fight against his oppressors. In Douglass’ fight with Covey, there is a particular moment of clarity that marks the narrator’s realization of the urgency of prompting a social change. Remarkably, what made Douglass’s encounter with Covey particularly different from the violence that he suffered from other slave owners concerned not the physical suffering and not even the spiritual retreat, but, instead, the unexpected change in Douglass’ perception of himself and others. Specifically, the narrator mentions that the violence to which he was subjugated eventually made him morph into an animal, being blinded by rage and having his emotions spin completely out of his control: “My natural elasticity was crushed, my intellect languished, the disposition to read departed,
Annotated Bibliography Crocker, Chester A, Hampson, Fen Osler & Aall, Pamela R. (2007). Leashing the Dogs of War . New York: Institute of Peace Press. The authors capture the fall of the Berlin Wall to the rise of global Terrorism in this book. This is an optimistic book. The central theme of this book is not that something can be accomplished but that many things can be completed and that the test of a skilled peacemaker is to conclude which mechanism will give the best result on which conflict and in which mixture. This book will undoubtedly help the future generation of peacemakers as they struggle to rein in the dogs of war and stiffen the matches on which they feed. Devetak Richard, Burke Anthony, George Jim. (2007). An Introduction to International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. This book throws light on the new method of methodological approach, which is the feminist approach in international relations, a diverse and broad field of study. This field is richer with controversy, debate, challenging new methodological approaches, and cutting-edge research. Scholars on this subject are interdisciplinary, integrating international relations with cultural, gender, environmental studies, and post-colonial issues. These scholars have made a significant contribution to international relations Hoffman Bruce. (2006). Inside Terrorism. Columbia: Columbia University Press. In this book, the author describes how the character and nature of Terrorism were transforming due to new adversaries with varied motivations and rationales that had surfaced to confront the traditional wisdom on Terrorism and terrorists. The face of Terrorism is undergoing sea changes as Terrorism is now motivated by fundamental religious concepts and the engagement of suicide bombers in Iraq, Israel, and Moscow. This book analyses why suicidal Terrorism is on the increase and how it can be countered. Terrorism is now highly sophisticated as a terrorist currently employs internet technology to disseminate their policies and goals and attract support for their causes. The author also throws light on the possible use of biological, chemical, radiological, and nuclear weapons by terrorists. The author has been doing research on Terrorism and terrorist activities for the last three decades, and his vast experience on the subject disseminates valuable insight and information on the subject. Khanna, Parag. “Terrorism as war. (No End to War: Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century)(Book Review).” Policy Review. 2003. This is a book review article written by Khanna on the book “Terrorism as a war” written by Walter Laqueur and publishe
Introduction In several developing countries, policymakers usually put up several efforts to attract foreign investment. These include providing regulatory exemptions, setting up infrastructure, and provision of tax holidays. The policies are implemented with the hope that when foreign investors come, they will bring along managerial expertise, capital, and advanced technology that would spill over and help in the development of domestic industries. However, evidence from various studies shows that spillovers are likely to happen between industries that are linked vertically and rarely within the same industry. The assertion is founded on the fact that most multinational firms put efforts in place to protect against the leakage of knowledge to competitors or potential competitors. Some of the factors include the structure of ownership of the foreign companies, the geographical distances, and the capabilities of the firms (Liang 28). The paper analyzes whether the presence of foreign firms helps or hurts domestic competition. The paper offers an example to show whether the firms collaborate or compete for market share. The main body firms and domestic competition Foreign firms and domestic competition have been subjects for debate worldwide. Most studies report that foreign firms hurt domestic competition while others claim that the collaboration of domestic firms with foreign firms increases their market shares. The truth is that foreign firms tend to hurt infant industries, given their entrenched nature, financial abilities, and brand loyalties. However, various factors contribute to the dominance of a firm in a certain market. Some of these factors are the ones possessed by multinationals that make them be threats to domestic firms. One factor is the lower costs of production. The factor is usually brought about by favorable statutory policies like subsidies, tax holidays, and other benefits from the government. Economies of scale and advanced levels of technology and management are also contributors to the cutting down of costs. With low costs of productions, a firm can sell its products at lower prices than that of its competitors but still attain a higher profit margin. The provision of a product superior to all the others in the existing market is also a factor that can lead to dominance. Market dominance may be contributed by a firm’s technical superiority or reput
The movie “The Basketball Diaries” by Leonardo Dicaprio has a close basis on the same name. It is a transposition of the adolescents of the late 60s brought up in a time, when the author Jim Caroll grew up to a period of about 15 years. It later infuses a period of rock music as experienced by the author. The catholic school basketball team of, which Jim is a member is the best team in New York. However, one of their friends has leukemia and languishes in hospital for most of the time. On certain occasions, Jim engrosses himself on note taking for his journal and participates sexual activities as well as beginning to use drugs. This movie is an effective exploration of drug addiction with the performance of Leonardo DiCaprio granting it the position of the greatest proof of heroin addiction with a message for the negative impacts of drugs. The use of drugs in the film is easily misinterpreted for the first sessions of the movies, if one does not take keen interest in understanding the context. It is easy to think that the movie appreciates teenage use of drugs. However, towards the end of the movie, the message becomes clear and the message against drugs shows clearly and adequately placed. The performance of Leo in “The Basketball Diaries”, effectiveness of its message and its excellent cinematography gives it an edge in presentation of teachings through entertainment. After the bursting of Jim and apprehending of his friends, using drugs red handed by the couch, disintegration starts taking place in the group and most of the boys lose their essence for being thrown out of the team. Out on the streets, Jim takes advantage of the time without the guidance of his schooling. He becomes a betrayer, trickster and robs stores. All these are for the fulfillment of his heroin addiction that is slowly overtaking his life and he must fin
Telemedicine has indeed transformed the manner in which healthcare services are delivered to patients who may be located in remote locations. It deploys the knowledge obtained from information and telecommunication. It has assisted in eradicating the barrier created by distance in the delivery of healthcare services (Kontaxakis et al 1096). In addition, emergency situations and critical care cases have significantly benefited in the technology derived from telemedicine. Oratier Technologies in Pakistan is one of the global companies that spearheaded the development of telemedicine in the Middle East. The latest advances that have been made in the fields of information and communication technologies are instrumental in necessitating the application of telemedicine (Hoffman 1). As such, medical staff and patients can now communicate quite easily and confidentially due to limited hindrance. In addition, telemedicine has made it possible for healthcare professionals to transmit health informatics, imaging and general medical information to various locations. The contemporary telemedicine has been integrated with modern diagnostic methods and advanced video-telephones. Moreover, home care in remote or distant locations has been facilitated using server applications mounted on the modern Information Technology (IT) infrastructures (Kontaxakis et al 1094). Telemedicine is a broad application in the field of medicine. This explains why it has been subdivided into three key areas. To begin with, telemedicine offers real time interactive healthcare services to patients. Under this category, patients may be visited in their homes by healthcare staff. They may also be engaged in fruitful conversations through online portals or phone calls. There are myriads of activities that may be carried out during such interactive sessions. These include ophthalmology assessments, physical examination and reviewing past medical records of patients (Hoffman 1). It is prudent to note that such interactive clinical services are relatively cheaper than physical visits to a healthcare establishment. MedPhone Corporation was the first American company to design a system that could use interactive telemedicine. This machine was specifically meant to resuscitate patients suffering from cardiac arrests. A cellular version in form of a mobile telephone was introduced one year later by the same company. The second classification of telemedicine deals with the storage and subsequent transmission of medical data to the respective medical experts. Some of the information that can be handled using this method includes bio-signals and medical images (Kontaxakis et al 1097). Therefore, the concerned medical experts are supposed to work on such data while they are offline. This implies that the simultaneous presence of both the patien