ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The book of Philippians was written by Paul, a servant of God by the power of the Holy Spirit. It is one of the Pauline epistles and is found in the new testament of the Bible. The book was written when Paul was in prison in Rome. He had been arrested because of preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ. The book of Philippians is a letter that Paul wrote to the church in Philippi and specifically addressing the saints, overseers and the deacons. Philippi was a roman colony that was inhabited by the veteran of the Roman army and there were Christians that worked together with Paul in his ministry. The author of the book was once a teacher of the law among the Jews. He persecuted Christians for a long time, killed some of them and had others put in prison. He was a strict follower of the Jewish law and completely against Christians. His name was initially Saul but was changed to Paul when he encountered with Jesus whom he persecuted for a long time. The Lord appeared to Saul when he (Saul) was on his way to Damascus on his usual mission of persecuting the followers of Jesus Christ. A great light appeared to Saul and he went blind for three days. This marked the beginning of his conversion to a true follower of Jesus Christ. He was then sent to witness Jesus Christ to many places including Damascus where he was going to persecute the Christians. When writing the book of Philippians, he was well known as a true follower of Christ and was in chains for the sake of the gospel. This book is basically Paul’s expression of gratitude to the Christians at Philippi for the support they offered him when he is in prison. He sends a message of thanks giving to the Philippians, warns them on how to live in order to advance the gospel. Paul also expresses his joy in his imprisonment as it served as away of advancing the gospel. He asks them to rejoice with him. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the book of Philippians and evaluate its effectiveness to its audience. A brief summary is presented before analysis and evaluation. Summary of the Book of Philippians The book targets the Philippians who had worked together with the author, Paul, in the advancement of the gospel. He first thanks God for the Philippians because of the support that they gave him when he was in prison. They sent him gifts and any other things that he needed through Epaphroditus. Paul prays for tem that their love may continue and that they may live righteously until the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. He also explains that he rejoices in his suffering in prison because through it the gospel is advancing. He advises them to rejoice with him and also behave always in a manner that is in keeping with the gospel of Jesus Christ. The Philippians are also advised to imitate the humility that was with Christ Jesus who, being in the very nature God, considered himself as a servant and humbled to the point of death. Paul tells them to continue in obedience as they have been in his presence and com
Atlas shrugged is a novel written by Ayn Rand and published in 1957. It is one of Rand’s famous novels and the last one which she wrote during her career as an artist. The idea behind writing the novel was to empower the shakers and movers of a nation in fighting for their rights. The term atlas refer to the pillars of a society, that is the people who put a lot of effort and determination in their work but are exploited and are not rewarded according to their work. Rand recognizes another group in the society, the majority, who work below average and expect to have the same standards of living as the atlas. The novel is to some extent a fiction that explains the exploitation faced by employees in their places of work. This paper explains and gives a wider significance of the words, “to make money, hold the essence of morality”. It also gives the ideas that oppose the maxims “money is the root of all evil”, and “money is the root of all good”. Rand novel explores the history of china when people were taught on the real meaning of morality which means to share. People were encouraged to work according to their ability but every citizen would receive equal reward. Distribution of resources was based on needs rather than their potential to work. This high morality in other words referred to as, the altruism, is still held by many Chinese. In the past, no one was allowed to hold private property and everything was owned by the society. Every individual was allowed to enjoy this property as a way of maintaining harmony in the country. Monopolies were seen as areas of exploitation of employees and that’s why private property was discouraged. The essence of morality was viewed as a way of fighting poverty by ensuring that all citizens live equally irrespective of the ability to work or education. However, Rand strongly opposed altruistic view. According to her, altruistic is a way of suppressing the people who work above average ability and hence it would never be a means of maintaining harmony in a country (Younkins, 101). Rand recognized that, the worship of moral codes would result in moral hazard because they do not give incentives to work and no matter the efforts one puts, he is entitled to receive the same reward as his neighbor who spends the whole day in the house. At first, those below the average will become wealthy because they may receive a share of the wealth that belonged to the minority group who happen to be the above average workers. However, the minority are not naïve as to realize the exploitation imposed on them and may refuse to work or to show their intelligence. Instead of a nation living happily thereafter, it will continue experiencing a decline in its economic performance as long as the moral codes are held. La
Introduction The modern day business environment is characterized by many challenges that require the management to be apt in making decisions that will ensure that the businesses achieve their set goals and objectives (Ambrose & Schminke, 2003, p. 56). The performance of management is measured by its ability to steer the organization to the right direction in line with the set strategy mission and vision. There are numerous means of measuring the success or failure of organizations. These range from the traditionally known financial measures such as profitability to the modern day combination of both the financial and the non-financial measures (Allen & Gregory, 2011, p. 180). This consultancy report provides an analysis of J Sainsbury Plc. The Statements Consulted In this analysis of J Sainsbury Plc, there were two financial statements that were consulted in order to come up with the financial analysis. The income statement is the premier financial statement that indicates whether a company is making profits or not (Madura, 1999, p. 48). The second financial statement that was consulted is the balance sheet. This is a financial statement that indicates the financial position of a business entity at a given time. The essence of a balance sheet is to point out the sources and uses of funds that have been invested by owners and indicate the health position of the company in terms of cash availability, debt ratios and the returns on the capital employed (Supranyam, & Hasley, 2007, p. 86). Ratios to Measure the Performance of the Company There are three main ratios that are used to indicate the financial performance of a company. The ratios are the current ratio, the net profit ratio, and the return on capital employed (ROCE). The importance of the current ratio is that it allows the business to know its ability to meet its current liabilities using the current assets available (Wendy & Mayer, 2003, p. 88). The non-current assets are the most illiquid assets and in a situation where the business wants to pay off the liabilities owed, it would be almost impossible to the business to convert these fixed assets to cash at their market prices (Vance, 2003, p. 102). It is therefore admirable that a business maintain current assets that are more than the current liabilities so as to ensure that the business is able to fund the liabilities as they fall due. From the calculation below, the current ratio of J Sainsbury Plc seems okay since the company can pay off its currents liabilities using the current assets and as such, the liquidity position is healthy. The other financial ratio used is the net profit ratio, which measures the Net profit over sales and shows the percentage of net profit per a unit of sales. For Sainsbury Plc, it is given by the following formula. The net profit percentage of the company is very low. A 4% net profit margin means that there could be other viable options where money can earn better returns than investing in J Sainsbury Plc. The final financial ratio to be used in the appraisal of the viability of Sainsbury Plc is the return on Capital Employed (ROCE). This shows th
The first article examines “the diverse social landscape of different individuals who supported the Maya Kingdom” (Fash 255). According to the author, Copan City was at the center of the Maya kingdom. The people of Maya embraced various activities such as art. The people of Copan produced many stone sculptures and architectural structures. The author uses numerous arguments to explain how the people of Copan embraced new economic activities. The people migrated to the city in an attempt to redefine their lifestyles. Historians have identified a number of economic practices, feasts, and public ceremonies that attracted more people to Copan. The “alluvial bottomlands encouraged more individuals to settle in this city” (Fash 256). The region also experienced enormous population expansions. This development made the city unsustainable. The available pieces of land could no longer support the city’s population. New practices such as agriculture led to soil erosion and deforestation. This development made Copan City incapable of supporting its population. The founding of the Acropolis was critical towards redefining the history of the Maya people. This approach produced new temples, ball-courts, and administrative buildings. Some of these buildings embraced the use of stone art. Every ruler supported this kingdom. Most of “the rulers were called Classic Kings” (Fash 256). These rulers promoted different economic activities. Majority of these kings made Copan “the home of many architects, sculptors, and artisans” (Fash 257). One of these leaders was Ruler 12. The author’s approach informs more individuals about the facts surrounding this kingdom. The author also gives the best evidences about the achievements of different Mayan Kings. Most of these rulers built different structures in an attempt to redefine the history of Copan. For example, Ruler 12 constructed alters while Ruler 12 produced different architectural structures. Ruler 15 used his abilities to complete the famous Hieroglyphic Stairway. The last king of Copan was Yax Pasah. This leader used the best ideas to produce more altars. Such structures were relevant towards making Copan a beautiful city. The author goes further to explain how “most of the above structures, sculptures, monuments, palaces, and temples failed to survive after Yax Pasah’s death” (Fash 256). The people destroyed the above temples after Pasah’s death. The establishment of the middle class during the period made Copan City unsustainable. This problem is also evident in our world today. The author believes strongly that the planners of Copan City had failed. According to the author, “the founders of this dynasty created a major probl
Introduction The globalization of trade has opened doors for private investors to venture into different industries and markets. Many companies have assumed a multinational status to enhance their market share, and to increase the rate of revenue generation. This has led to an increase in competition in different industries across various markets, thereby forcing some companies to close down, while others specialize in different industries. In addition to this, there are companies that have looked into enhancing their competitive power through innovation and seeking a first mover position in different business sectors. This paper looks into the development of camel milk as a potential alternative to cow milk, with a close focus on an entry strategy in the U.K. market. A critical look at this market reveals that camel milk has a high demand, and more consumers are growing into consuming it as an alternative to cow milk. An entry strategy for Al Ain Dairy camel milk products is also discussed. Company Background Al Ain Dairy was founded in 1981 in the UAE, with the goal of becoming the largest milk producer in the region. Over the years, the company has increased its customer base in the UAE and other states. The company has assumed the strategy of using online platforms to market and sell its products, and this ensures that it does not incur the liability of opening physical stores in different states. Al Ain Dairy sells its products in both retail and wholesale to milk distributors, and it is looking to increase its market share in the UAE through partnering with some of the biggest retailers. Financial reports of the company reveal that it started out as a small business, and it attained the breakeven point within the first year of operations in the UAE. Al Ain Dairy’s supply chain includes its farms in the UAE, as well as farmers from different regions in the Middle East, who keep camels and cows in their fields. All the milk processed by the company is organic (“About Al Ain Dairy”) Al Ain Dairy currently offers five different products from its camel milk brand, Camelait. These include fresh camel milk, flavored camel milk, camel milk laban, camel milk ice cream, and camel milk powder (“Camelait”). Al Ain Dairy has its pasteurization and packaging plants in the UAE. The majority of the raw milk is purchased from the local producers who have contracts with the company. The company has a delivery system that is quite efficient in delivering products across the region. Currently, Al Ain Dairy’s camel milk pr
Herman Miller, Inc. Given its position as a mass distributor of furniture products, Herman Miller needed to improve its marketing strategy to access a higher number of targetable market segments. Although cost cutting has been a historically reliable strategy in reviving profit levels, it may not help in maintaining competitiveness. Some of the funds that had been invested in research and development would have been better suited in funding a more aggressive marketing strategy. For instance, creating infomercials for the new product designs can make a significant impact to the market’s acceptance of new product concepts in an affordable way. The bargaining power of consumers is now much greater given the decreasing levels of demand that the furniture industry is facing. The bargaining power of suppliers has also increased since the cost of imported raw materials seems to have risen. This means that unilaterally all competitors in the market will be forced to give up the advantage of having better terms with suppliers. There is a low threat of new entrants into this particular market due to the well placed market share that each successful firm has already accrued. The threat of substitute products and services is however the highest factor for competitiveness in this industry. The furniture industry faces a great threat in its corporate client base due to the increased spread of telecommuting as an option to the traditional office work desk culture. One weakness of the company’s sales strategy was the excessive use of innovative product advancement to increase demand for their product line up. Again, the green marketing techniques that were used targeted minor segments of their clientele. The creation of a website and a 3-D design application for the residential market was highly commendable Year                  2010  2009   2008   2007  2006 Quick ratio           0.93  1.25   1.22   0.96  0.99 Asset Turnover ratio  1.72  2.10   2.78   2.88  2.60 Debt-to-equity ratio  8.62  94.91  32.47  3.29  3.83  The company’s growth seems to have grown volatile with increased debts but this drastically changed in 2010. Southwest The strategy used by Southwest Airline is heavily dependent on volume maximization. To achieve this, the firm took on a policy of charging highly competitive fares. Later on, adding promotional advertising into their marketing strategy helped them pull in a larger pool of customers. The company chose to employing a set of attractive cabin attendants to serve travelers as a means of retaining and growing their customer. What would thus be recommended is the formulation of recruitment policies that encourage the advancement of personal talents and skills possessed by new employees in addition to attributes such as attitude. New entrants in the airline business present a weak threat in terms of competition. This is chiefly because of the huge start up costs of even serving short interstate routes and secondly because of the power that existing firms use to block entry through legal intervent
Today’s world has become so replete with mental challenges that it is now a full-scale part of practically everyone’s life. The ability to respond to the mental issues in a calm and well-considered manner, also known as stress resistance, has now even become one of the “must have” soft skills employers are looking for in their applicants. As a result, psychologists from all over the world did their best to define some qualitative ways of boosting stress management among individuals so that the issues would not be so detrimental for them over a certain preparation process. In the course of the research, they have reached a conclusion that the effect produced by so-called mental conditioning is similar to that of physical training. Thus, the more frequently one boosts his or her mindfulness and mental balance, the more successful is the overall outcome (Van Haitsma et al., 2019). Considering the following comparison, it might be outlined that mental conditioning, although frequently applied to the specific daily operations related to sports and work culture, plays a significant role in each daily life stage. Having no extensive expertise in some sporting endeavors, mental conditioning has become an integral part of my daily planning and academic studies. To begin with, I would like to analyze the notion’s influence on my academic performance and overall motivation to study. There is a common belief that students often exaggerate the level of stress they experience on a daily basis, as we do not have any significant financial or emotional responsibility required to sustain oneself or the whole family. However, such an approach should be regarded as a considerable misconception in terms of the mental conditioning assessment. Although young people are not expected to work for a living, their level of mental readiness to face the outside world is also smaller due to a genuine lack of personal experience. Thus, the mental health levels of an individual should be assessed on the average data suitable for a particular age group instead of comparing it to the ones of adults. At the stage of obtaining high school education and studying at colleges, students are expected to perform a variety of different academic tasks, which one might find grueling. Furthermore, the stress levels are increased by the amount of peer pressure and uncertainty about further education or employment. Feeling extremely exhausted by all the aforementioned factors, my mental health was completely burned out, and I was not able to perform even the easiest everyday chores. After a few years of such a challenging mental state, I was drowning in the amount of self-pity and loathe for my inefficiency and anxiety I felt before doing anything. For this reason, I decided to develop a set of skills I might practice in order to feel better about myself and my academic performance. Since I had lost all my concentration, I decided to find a working time-management model able to help me gain control over my time. Among all the possible options, I defined the Pomodoro technique to be the most successful one due to its mental impact. Having to work in sprints of 25-30 minutes
In general, the chapter discusses multiple topics related to complex relationships among people of both sexes and of various backgrounds. It dwells upon the characters a relationship between two or more individuals can take and the barriers people can meet when transferring from one relationship stage to another (Beebe, Beebe, & Redmond, 2011). The discussion opens up with the distinction between friendship-based and passion-based intimacy. In the first case, the relationship is formed by the warm feelings people experience for each other, while in the second case, the interaction is based on sexual attraction. The chapter continues with a debate over friendship. The authors state that it is a category of relationship, which can be established when people share a common history. Importantly, friendship can occur between people of both similar and opposite sexes. According to Beebe et al. (2011), a friendship can have different stages, and it encompasses the entire life span from childhood relationship to the life-long partnership. To form a friendship, two people need to have similar views and attitudes, have equal expectations of each other, and mutually share personal information. The authors conclude the chapter with a discussion of the closest type of relationship, which is a romantic one. Notably, this interaction can either evolve into a marriage or remain at the partnership stage. Nevertheless, despite the formal character, it requires similar stages to proceed (Beebe et al., 2011). In particular, a romantic partnership should be initiated; then, it should escalate and be maintained by two people in a similar manner. In cases when one person is passive and disinterested, the relationship is likely to end or freeze on one of the developmental stages. Therefore, the engagement of both people is important in any kind of interaction. Reference Beebe, S. A., Beebe, S. J., & Redmond, M. V. (2011). Interpersonal communication: Relating to others (6th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.