ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The process of globalization has brought about the necessity to become more competitive and become more cost-effective producers in order to counter the intensive competition in the market. This has led to the adoption of outsourcing models. The intensified competitive business environment has led many firms to send their non-core operations to a vendor (supplier or manufacturer) and concentrate only on core operations. The intention of these firms is to reduce the cost of production by specializing and making the firms’ labor and resources more efficiently. Such a trend has crept into the practices of both labor and technology-intensive industries. Industries like the automobile, information technology, electronics (especially white goods), retail, and clothing and footwear industry have been engaged in international outsourcing. Trade-in parts and components, in middle products or in fragments of final goods (many names have been coined in this respect) has exhibited a dynamism exceeding that of trade in final goods. The main argument was that only a large scale of operation and an international outlook could give a company the necessary knowledge to see outsourcing opportunities and sufficient resources to take advantage of them. There exists evidence in support of a rapid growth of intra-firm trade carried out by large multinationals (Helleiner, 1981). This has been particularly prominent in the clothing and footwear industry where the well-known retailers like GAP, H&M, Benetton, Levi, Nike, Adidas, et al. follow an outsourcing model where they have outsourced their core-operations to vendors in less developed countries (LDCs) and they concentrate on branding and marketing the products (Baudisch, 2006a; Baudisch, 2006b; Frenkel, 2001; Hadjimichael, 1990; Donaghu & Barff, 1990). However, as globalization has leveled the field of competition, and liberalization has torn down barriers to entry, the alleged advantage of large international firms has somewhat diminished. Research Implication This trend in the US footwear industry has experienced an increase in fragmentation in production and outsourcing. The main driver of this process was the US economy adjusting to structural changes and attempting to remain competitive vis-à-vis Western Europe and Japan. Geography, costs and history all combined to select efficient sub-suppliers of US firms in Canada and Latin America. This study concentrates on determining the US foo
Sketch of Theorist Carl Ransom Rogers (1902 – 1987) grew up in a very religious and ascetic family and was expected to become a minister, but chose to study psychotherapy instead (Prochaska and Norcross 114). He started his career as a child psychologist in New York and then moved on to training the students in psychopathology in Ohio (Prochaska and Norcross 114). Working in the field of humanistic psychology, Rogers wrote several books and became widely famous for his contribution. Theories Personality Rogers’s theory of personality is based on the concept of self-actualization, one’s desire to develop and perform at full capacity (Prochaska and Norcross 115). In other words, apart from the fundamental physiological needs all human beings have the tendency and wish to improve themselves. Our awareness of the self is founded in the self-regard, self-concept, and the conditions of worth that determine our attitude and idea about who we are (Prochaska and Norcross 116). Psychopathology According to Rogers, the conditions of the parental love are the basis for the future pathologies in a child. The conditions for love and approval set by the parents become the sources of incongruence in an adult’s self-perception developing fears or blockages of emotions or actions deemed unacceptable (failure, laziness, messiness) (Prochaska and Norcross 117). Therapeutic Process Within Rogers’s humanistic theory, the therapeutic treatment of a patient begins with the analysis of the problems they face such as their internalized conditions of worth. Further, they are addressed by means of introducing the patient to the external appreciation intended to show them that the conditions no longer matter, and a person would be loved equally if they do and do not match them. This approach is based on support, optimism, and acceptance. Initially, the point of the therapy was for the therapist to help the client to connect with their deepe
The definition of leadership according to Hillary Rodham Clinton Hillary Rodham Clinton defines leadership as getting out, listening and learning from the followers. When she was vying for the senate, she stated that she was eagerly waiting to listen to her followers in New York in order to hear directly the issues that affected their families. Hillary Clinton believes in transformational leadership. She made use of her listening tour in order understand her constituents. She understands the needs of her followers, persistently using listening in order to refine and reshape her vision and in articulating her visions. In addition, Hillary Rodham Clinton embodies the leadership listening model. When Hillary Rodham Clinton was a member of the Senate, she gained considerable respect as well as recognition because of her public leadership. Her great leadership skills made her to grow politically in a manner that made her to be the Democratic presidential candidate in the year 2008. Clinton leads through listening. Why I chose Hillary Rodham Clinton I chose Hillary Rodham Clinton because of several reasons. It should be noted that Hillary Clinton is probably one of the most influential and powerful women globally. First, her workhorse habits made me to choose her. She is always determined in following her agenda besides being a highly aggressive fighter. On the same note, she is a leader who is warm and friendly. Clinton has highly been respected by numerous people for many years. Through her determination, hard work and luck, she has achieved much as a leader, prompting me to chose her. I greatly admire her leadership styles and traits. Additionally, I chose Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton due to her appeal and strength. She also has political sensibilities. On the same note, her sharp intelligence played a major role in making me to choose her. In addition, she is highly persistent and diligence and always makes sure that goals are achieved. Besides, she is always persistent when in the times of adversity. These together with others are some of the reasons why I chose Hillary Rodham Clinton. The background of Hillary Rodham Clinton Hillary Rodham Clinton was the eldest child to a factory worker who was initially a U.S. Marine drill instructor. From available information, her father used to confront them. She is a devoted Methodist, and in her teenage stages, she was very active in the church. This played a major role in shaping her leadersh
Introduction Meg Whitman exploited Kotter’s Eight Step Process for Creating Major Change to turn eBay into the company it is now. First, the new CEO created a sense of urgency. Whitman ran numerous meetings with the company’s employees. She ensured the staff that the company was doing fine, but it was steadily evolving into something new. She explained that they were to help the company evolve into a huge and successful enterprise. Thus, she used the first step of Kotter’s process of change, i.e. she made employees understand that the change was vital. Main Body One of the examples of the use of Step 2 (i.e. forming the guiding coalition) is Whitman’s desire to work with Omidyar. Whitman claimed that Omidyar knew the companies’ employees better than anyone else. She understood that Omidyar would be the leader who would lead the employees effectively. One more example of the use of this step is Whitman’s decision to divide the employees into groups of professionals responsible for exact processes. They also hired high-profile marketing and legal professionals. Initially, the company consisted of engineers who shared responsibility, though the growth of the company made it impossible for this structure to be effective. Whitman came up with a vision. She created it on the basis of the company’s values, i.e. community and fairness. The CEO understood that the company’s values were the reason why it had become successful. Whitman knew it was impossible to change that, but she also created the vision to fit a big company that could be successful in the global market. Therefore, this can be an example of step 3, i.e. creating a vision. An example of the fourth step is Whitman’s way to make her vision and strategy work. She effectively communicated her vision to the head of the company as well as every employee. The CEO managed to convince employees that the company was evolving and it needed to change the strategy. However, the major values were still taken into account and the idea of community and fairness was at the core of the new strategy. One of the examples of the use of Step 5, i.e. empowering action, was the way decisions were made. Thus, Whitman notes that the company was characterized by a very particular feature as there was no wrong side. Employees were encouraged to question decisions and come up with ideas and options. This was effective as they could get more data to make the right decision. The sixth step is generating short-term wins. Whitman claimed that the company was growing. Thus, one of the short-term wins was the growth of the company. In fact, the company was growing really fast so employees could see how effective the new strategy was. One of the examples of Step 7 (Consolidating Gains) is the way the company acquired other auctions. Thus, the acquisition of Butterfield & Butterfield enabled the company to enter the new market, i.e. the marke
Introduction The provision of quality care and adequate patient safety, especially regarding medication administration, is the primary and nationwide initiative that assumes implementing evidence-based strategies and practices. In this regard, staff training is an integral component of maintaining, improving, and upgrading nurses’ competency in all areas of their activity and increasing their commitment to the best medication administration principles. Therefore, this paper aims at enhancing nurses’ awareness of medication administration errors (MAEs), providing an improvement plan, and describing their role in realizing it. The session will also deliver resources or activities promoting necessary skill development and process understanding and methods of fostering the audience’s feedback and integrating it for future improvements. Problem Overview Despite the recent significant technology implementation in the healthcare sector, adverse drug events (ADEs) still remain one of the most prevalent medical safety issues. According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), ADEs amount to about 700,000 visits to the emergency department and 100,000 hospitalizations every year (“Medication errors,” 2019). Moreover, 7,000 to 9,000 patients die because of MAEs, and the total cost of medication-associated errors is over $40 billion every year (Tariq et al., 2021). Herewith, it is worth noting that thousands of patients and even medical providers do not report complications and different adverse reactions induced by medications. Issues of Concern Generally, MAEs can result from various sources connected with prescription, clinicians, nurses, medical organizations, and patients as well. The causes of medication errors include incorrect dose, expired drugs, improper medication preparation, a mix of several drugs with contradictions, disregarded allergies, pharmacists’ or nurses’ wrong actions, frequent distractions, and distortions. In particular, distractions are guilty of nearly 75 percent of all MAEs and are mainly related to nurses’ and physicians’ overload and multitasking (Tariq et al., 2021). Additionally, Hammoudi et al. (2017) indicate inadequate communication between nurses, doctors, and patients. Wondmieneh et al. (2020) also state nurses who had low work experience and training and do not follow guidelines for medication administration and are more inclined to MAEs. Finally, patient age and related diseases are among the widespread factors. Safety Improvement Plan A safety improvement plan (SIP) pursues five objectives: enhancing patients’ and nurses’ education and collaboration, improving environmental conditions, cultural strategies, clinical interventions, and technological interventions. Specifically, the first goal includes close face-to-face discussions between various professionals, strict adh
Human life has become complicated due to the use of modern skills in various activities. This has provoked the need to equip learners with sufficient knowledge and skills in order to enable them to serve their nations. Teachers seek ways of improving teaching practices to enable students to develop the necessary skills. This will equip them with the necessary survival skills and valuable knowledge to solve problems that may arise in their societies. However, there are various issues of concern that determine a student’s ability to grasp various educational aspects. According to scholars, learning is a multifaceted process that begins when an individual is born and continues until his/her death. Charles Prosser and Charles Allen’s “Wearing the Mask” theory plays a crucial role in explaining what place learning takes in different settings. In addition, an educational theorist, John Dewey suggested in his “Logic of Inquiry” a theory that learning occurs as an attempt to solve difficulties that cannot be solved through natural means, like instincts or habits. Moreover, he noted that necessity is a vital element that influences learning. However, this essay will discuss Prosser and Allen’s theory and how it shapes learning in contemporary learning institutions. Prosser and Allen argue that human beings are born with skills and abilities which are different from what they attain through learning and experience. They argue that people have hidden perspectives regarding various aspects of life, and they are able to hide them behind educational masks, such as knowledge gained through learning. This is an evident observation that is common in all learning institutions. When children grow up they learn various life issues, and how to apply them in difficult situations. At the same time, they never forget their real characters as a result of acquiring new knowledge, and it results into the presence of diverse students’ lifestyles. A similar approach is offered by Dewey, he describes how students grasp various educational concepts. Dewey, as well as Allan and Prosser, explains that students make use of concepts depending on the prevailing circumstances. For instance, they argue that students will grasp academic contents in order to pass their examinations and proceed to higher learning institutions. However, having passed their exams and graduating with high grades students forget what they were taught. Therefore, students and teachers waste their time learning, since they cannot use what they acquire to advance their knowledge after c
Introduction The older adult who is described in this assignment is my grandmother. She had a significant impact on my life, both in childhood and as I grew up. Although she died from lung cancer some years ago, she is still an example for me in many life situations. Main body I believe that my grandmother can be considered a symbol of “successful aging” in many ways. First of all, her behavior did not change to worse, which is typical of many older adults. She was lucky not to develop any mental diseases and preserved a clear mind until it was damaged by metastases in the brain. She was a lady for as long as I remember her and maintained the lady’s habits till the end of her days. She was never rude or harsh with people and was an example of decent behavior. Secondly, her attitudes to life are worth mentioning. My grandmother believed that happiness and success in life depended on attitudes and that being positive is the right choice. I adored the way she handled problems. In fact, she tried to present any problem as a small misunderstanding. For example, when she was diagnosed with cancer, she did not give up the way many people do. She did not look doomed and behaved as if her treatment was a challenge or a game. Thirdly, her peer relationships can be an example to follow. My grandmother was a leader, and people could follow her. She was ahead of the community center after she retired because she could not stay at home doing anything. They had a big volunteer project at the community center and helped elderly and disabled community members or those experiencing difficult times. She had many friends and acquaintances and was constantly on the move. However, the aspect I can assess best of all is her family relationships. Despite her active social life, she always had enough time for the family and was our keeper of traditions. She was not only a grandmother but a good friend for me because we were very close and could share many secrets. When the cancer was diagnosed, she was afraid of being helpless and becoming a burden on her family. Still, each of us was eager to visit her at the hospital or help at home not because of the feeling of duty, but due to a desire to be useful for a close person. My grandmother’s health habits almost did not change during her lifetime. She preferred traditional evidence-based medicine, took care of herself, and had regular examinations. She was doing her daily morning exercises for as long as I can remember. At weekends, we sometimes took long walks to the park. She believed that activity and movement are a contribution to health. Finally, as for the sources of meaning in her life, I would mention the following. The major source of meaning in life for my grandmother was her family. She was attentive and caring with all of us. She valued every moment spent with her family, both cl
Freedom Writers is an inspiring movie by Richard LaGravenese, which tells the story of an aspiring teacher who employs an unusual approach to her students. The film grants the audience a chance to observe characters undergoing the process of gradual transformation, during which they become more tolerant and accepting of others. The main protagonists of this movie are Erin Gruwell and Eva Benitez, and it is important to compare and contrast these characters to understand the main message conveyed by this motion picture. Erin Gruwell is a young woman who, driven by a desire to change lives, started teaching a group of underperforming students. Eva Benitez was one of them, a teenage girl who was involved in a gang and had particular contempt for white people and general hate for everyone outside of her ethnicity and community. At first glance, it may appear that Erin and Eva are people who do not have anything in common. They have different social statuses, do not share any interests, and their personal qualities are not the same. Eva is constantly angry, while Erin is open-minded and kind. Yet, by looking deeper into the essence of their personal stories, it becomes clear that they both are struggling. Eva is faced with the dilemma of telling the truth at court and subsequently implicating her boyfriend in a crime and putting herself at risk of revenge (Freedom Writers). While Erin is trying to save her marriage but ultimately fails at this task. Thus, the movie shows that despite people’s differenc
Overview The United States of America has invested heavily on public healthcare in its effort to reduce public health issues that affect its people. For instance, the government has had campaigns and programs that are aimed at reducing or eliminating the HIV/AIDS pandemic and infant mortality. Despite the efforts, the United States has one of the uppermost HIV/AIDS prevalence and child death rates as compared to other mechanized and urbanized countries. The purpose of this paper is to compare the HIV rates and infant mortality cases of the United States with the situation in a developed country such as the United Kingdom) and a developing nation such as Kenya. Comparison of infant mortality rates and HIV rates According to Holtz (2013), the United States has the highest healthcare expenditure per capita in the world. Consequently, it has invested heavily in healthcare programs to reduce different healthcare issues in its population. Although the country has made significant steps towards the reduction of HIV and infant mortality, the issues still remain of great public health concern (UNAIDS, 2013). For instance, the country lags behind the United Kingdom in terms of the quality of healthcare that is available to its population, despite the fact that its healthcare expenditure per capita is more than double that of the UK (Holtz, 2013). The HIV prevalence rate in the United States stands at 0.6%. Although this figure is low, it is still higher than that of other developed countries, including the United Kingdom whose prevalence rate stands at 0.3% (Public Health England, 2013; UNAIDS, 2013). However, both countries have lower HIV prevalence rates as compared to that of Kenya whose prevalence rate is 6.1% as per 2013 estimates (NACC, 2014). On infant mortality, Kenya has a higher rate than both the United States and the United Kingdom at 40.71, 6.17, and 4.44 per 1000 live births respectively (CIA, 2014). The US can learn important lessons from the United Kingdom’s public healthcare system through which different healthcare programs have been put in place to reduce both the HIV and infant mortality rates in the country. For instance, in the United Kingdom, the National Health Service (NHS) provides free HIV treatment for all citizens and visitors (Public Health England, 2013). On the contrary, the United States has not been able to offer universal free HIV treatment. Only people who have good medical insurance can easily access such treatment (UNAIDS, 2013). In a country where over 46 million people are insured, the implication is that a large number of people lack sufficient access to HIV therapy. The problem of insurance also affects the infant mortality rate in the US where the poor and uninsured record higher infant mortality rates than other people in the society (CIA, 2014). The US can learn a lot from the UK, which has comprehensive cover towards maternity healthcare for all women to ensure excellent pren