ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Agreementwith other film industries to open the markets for films placed France within the major risk of foreign interference. Subtitling was also not allowed per se leaving dubbing as the solitaryoption of domesticating foreign films. The 1920’s By 1920’s, the whole of France and Western Europe was recovering from the destructions of the world war one, thus they were making desperate moves to dominate a large portion of the market as possible. In the early 1920’s, there was no stiff competition in the film industry and films were produced mostly for the local market. There was no foreign competition due to quotas which limited the number of films that could be imported where American films were permitted to a maximum of 20%. But later on, the market share taken by America in the film industry on foreign markets became colossal making it impossible for a single country to challenge America single-handedly (Thompson 1996). The ascending to power of Edouard Herriot brought about great changes in the French market, when he called for Europe to unite and have a common market. French film industry was poorly structured and many firms in the film industry were family owned and small which released a few films before going under. On top of that, dubbing was expansive, time consuming and labour intensive making film production to require much higher budgets than France could afford (Danan 1991). Market Dominance The film Europe policy of 1920’s allowed importation of films into the French market, thereby increasing the number of films coming in from other European countries especially Germany at the expense of the local industry (O’Brien, n.d.). Importance of dubbed films also increased films from the United States of America which was advanced technologically compared to France increasing the foreign dominance in the French market. Though France also exported dubbed films to other European countries especially Germany, its industry was not technologically advanced to compete favourably in the market. Between 1926-1930, enormous portions of the French market was held by foreigners with the USA controlling up to 50% while Germany controlled around 23% (Bergan 2008). To protect the local film industry, the French government introduced regulations to limit the number of imported dubbed films on 1 st may, 1
Consumer behavior is determined by various factors that influence the response of goods and services in the market place. One of those factors is the cultural factors or influence, where beliefs, values and perceptions of different communities determine consumer behavior. With globalization, the world has become a global village and as such, international marketing has come into play. Different cultures have different beliefs, values and perceptions on different products or brands. In general cultural sensitivity can be defined as the acknowledging of other cultural beliefs, values and their context (Dubrin 2009, p.43). To achieve cultural sensitivity in the market place it is imperative to have cultural awareness, values and beliefs of that culture and accepting them. It involves the process of being aware of the degree of several cultures and developing an understanding of that culture (Dubrin 2009, p.43). Although this may seem to be a hard process, the understanding of a nation’s history, religious underpinnings, geography, present political and cultural circumstances forms the basis of appreciating consumer sensitivity. Sensitivity is one of the factors related to culture that impact marketing of a new brand in a new marketplace. The aim of the paper is to understand the importance of investigating cultural sensitivity and what happens when a brand does not identify with the values of a given culture. It also explores unethical practices and the challenges and the impact they may pose to a particular brand or a product. Importance of Investigating Cultural sensitivity Before introducing a particular brand in a new market it is always advisable to investigate cultural sensitivity. This ensures that the company is well placed in the market and has large chance of capitalizing and gaining a market share. For instance, the introduction of a new brand requires that the values and beliefs of a particular society are put into consideration. The falling and the success of a particular brand depend on the cultural sensitivity. For instance, the packaging of the product may have a different meaning in that particular geographical representation. According to Herbold (200, p. 116) some practices may be unacceptable in a community where a brand is being launched. So in order to remain relevant in the market place it is always advisable to investigate the market culture. For example, Procter and Gamble lost millions of dollars because they had not investigated the cultural sensitivity of their products. Initially, they packaged the baseball balls in sets of four like they did in other internationals markets. However, the Japanese market resented this package. This is because according to the Japanese culture the number 4 is associated with 13 and to them, both are signs of bad luck. So as to overcome this marketing hurdle the American company had to hire Japanese’s advertisers who had experience and cultural awareness of what was acceptable and what
Classroom management is an integral part of any institutionalized educational process. Its aim is not only to keep discipline in the classroom (which means not punishing students but rather developing desired behaviors (Khalsa, 2007, pp. 2, 6)) but also (and mainly) to organize educational activities, create the proper environment, maintain the learning process, and facilitate it for the students (Allen, 2010, pp. 2, 9; Savage & Savage, 2010, pp. 6-7). Therefore, it is crucial to strive for effective classroom management. To achieve this goal, it is important to observe and assess classroom management of individual instructors to provide constructive criticism and improve the strategies employed in this process. There exist several methods using which classroom management by individual instructors can be observed and evaluated. One of the simplest methods to do so is to have assessors sit at the back of the classroom and evaluate the teacher’s performance. However, this may not be the best method because both the instructor and the students will feel uncomfortable in the evaluators’ presence. Therefore, it is better to use other means. For instance, it is possible to simply conduct an interview with the teacher (and/or their students) to find out what methods are used, and enhance them. Questionnaires and quizzes can also be employed. Also, video cameras can be utilized to record the lessons to analyze them and improve the educator’s performance (Star & Strickland, 2008). Let us consider some examples of classroom management. The first situation takes place in the 9 th grade of a K-12 school. A history teacher provides direct instruction; he sits at his de
Introduction A social entrepreneur spots and solves social challenges on a large-scale. Just as other businesses create and change different industries, social entrepreneurs play the role of change agents for communities, identifying opportunities other entrepreneurs have failed to “identify, enhancing systems, developing, applying new models and promoting sustainable solutions with greater social impacts on majorities” (Martin and Osberg par. 2). Social entrepreneurship differs from traditional business entrepreneurs. Social entrepreneurs focus on social values rather than profits. In addition, social entrepreneurs also differ from not-for-profit organizations. Rather than targeting short-term, immediate, small-scale impacts, social entrepreneurs focus on widespread, long-term changes. The role of a social entrepreneur is to identify parts of society that have failed to move on and then offer new solutions. The model aims to identify what works and then uses such solutions to solve issues and spread change. It is imperative to recognize that social entrepreneurs spot and tackle widespread social challenges. This is a daunting task, which requires commitment, vision and determination. The results must be measurable and evident from new opportunities for the disadvantaged masses and society itself must be transformed to effect social changes. For the past two decades, there have been tremendous growth, interests, talent, money and attention in social entrepreneurship. These developments have shown that social entrepreneurship is a powerful business model that can transform the world when handled by first-class social entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, one must not confuse what social entrepreneurship entails as many business models are now being referred to as social entrepreneurship (Martin and Osberg par. 1). The change is phenomenal and fundamentally transforms how society views its social challenges and defines new paths. This research essay highlights how the social entrepreneur company, Obvious Ventures might scale its business model and market reach. It would show possible results when innovative solutions are supported by strong strategies to transform the world. Obvious Ventures Obvious Ventures is a San Francisco-based investment firm. The company notes that in the near future, investors will invest with “a #worldpositive approach” (Obvious Ventures par. 1). Obvious Ventures is made up social entrepreneurs who help many companies to launch, grow and generate great financial rewards. Some of these companies also influence positive social and environmental changes with all revenues they generate. Obvious Ventures is interested in funding and building such companies that add social values to society and that is what the company calls #worldpositive venture capital. The company consists of experienced investors from successful companies with several IPOs. The team designs
Introduction Bob Matha and Macy Boehm (2008) believe in the power of communication to drive leadership strategies in organization. However, these authors noted that any leaders face communication hurdles when they use convoluted, evasive or empty terms when communicating. This habit affects organizational abilities to achieve strategic objectives and wreck leaders and employees in a similar manner. On the other hand, effective communication drives results in an organization. An Action Equation can help leaders to overcome communication challenges. The Action Equation identifies key elements that leaders need to communicate to their employees. Project: Restructuring Retail Bank Division The aim of the restructuring project is to streamline the bank, enhance efficiency and effectiveness and align products to customers’ needs. Do   * Focus on driving growth of the new Retail Banking and Distribution and meet the needs of over 42 million retail customers with banking centers, online, mobile, and ATM/VTM banking services   * Drive customer services and operations by consolidating all issues that relate to fraud, customer experience, call centers and claims for the mass market, home loans and small business   * Focus on integration of Home Loans, Consumer and Small Business Banking for efficiency and cost-saving   * Train and empower employees to deliver values to customer, develop new product and optimize product and service distribution for customer acquisition and retention   * Achieve strong financial results every quarter with a projected growth of 15 percent   * Provide constant oversights on business continuity, vendor activities, issue management and operation controls and their related impacts on the business Know   * The Retail Banking Division needs to expand its distribution channels, develop new products and acquire new customers so that it can achieve a sustainable growth of 15 percent every quarter   * Bank of America is in a service-oriented business. Therefore, the customer-facing team must enhance efficiency by solving customers’ queries immediately, escalate issues to senior executives, provide feedback and possess product knowledge.   * Bank of America needs to expand, focus on profitability, reduce operation costs, train employees and invest in solutions that enhance efficiency in customer service and operation management   * The Retail Division must enhance sales of all retail banking
Executive Summary Keda Industrial Company Limited is one of the leading manufacturers and distributors of ceramic machinery in China. The firm has registered impressive performance over the past two decades and it is currently one of the top global players in the industry. The top management realized that the data management system was inadequate as it did not facilitate the efficient sharing of information among departments. As such, the top management unit made a decision to introduce the SAP ERP system to address the inadequacies. The biggest challenge in the implementation was resistance from some of the managers. However, this issue was addressed. The study recommends regular training of all the users so that they can understand how to work effectively under the new system. Case Synopsis Keda Industrial Company Limited was founded by Lu Qin in 1992 in Shunde, Guangdong province as a small company that specialized in the manufacturing of ceramic machinery (Fung, Fang, Wang, Neufeld, 2011). At that time, the industry was dominated by multinational corporations from North America and Europe. However, this company enjoyed a huge local market in China. Competition from local companies was low hence it was easy for Keda to achieve rapid market growth in the Chinese market. The impressive growth of the company within its first decade of operation saw it listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2002 (Stack, 2014). The market growth continued, and in 2009, the company reported revenue of over USD 209 million. Despite this impressive growth, Keda started experiencing challenges in having a properly coordinated operation where all departments could easily engage one another to avoid duplications of work and share knowledge and experience. That is when the company’s vice general manager, Dr. Fan Zhu, realized that it needed an enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution to deal with the problem. Dr. Zhu realized that to introduce an ERP system into the organization successfully, it was necessary to come up with teams that would play different roles at various stages of the implementation. First, he secured the support of the top management
Introduction In their study of the research needs and priorities of disaster nursing (DN), Ranse, Hutton, Jeeawody, and Wilson (2014) demonstrate that psychological and psychosocial aspects of DN are of crucial importance and maybe the highest priority for modern studies in the field. The authors include both the needs of the disaster victims and those of the nurses themselves as significant. As a result, it is necessary to review psychological and psychosocial support in disaster nursing, and the present paper will consider the topic from the perspective of the preparation of nurses. Psychological support includes the varied activities that are aimed at the psychological rehabilitation of disaster victims, and the psychosocial support has the same aim but combines the social and psychological perspectives on a patient’s well-being (Becker, 2007). The paper reviews the presently available literature on the topic, covering the aspects of the significance of psychological and psychosocial support and related education, as well as the perceptions of nursing, existing problems in the field, and the methods of preparing for and dealing with these problems. The review concludes that the topics of psychological and psychosocial support in disaster nursing are indeed underresearched, but nurses view them as important and need extensive preparation and training in the field to be able to perform their roles during disaster management effectively. The Need for Specific Psychosocial Support Psychological trauma and other mental concerns are evidenced to be a rather prevalent issue for disaster survivors (Noguchi, Inoue, Shimanoe, Shibayama, & Shinchi, 2016). Moreover, the nurses and other members of the community that is involv
Introduction The American middle class is not comprehensibly defined in the social classes of the US. Splitting this social class into two makes it easy for one to understand it better. There is the high middle class and the lower middle class Americans. The high or professional middle class comprises of educated professionals who hold high positions in the organizations. The lower middle class also comprise of skilled professionals but those that hold lower managerial positions in organizations. In other words the lower middle class people can be termed as semi professionals. Expectation of the American middle class The middle class persons are commonly expected and known to live in comfortable standards of living. Considering they have what can be termed as stable ways of earning income they are significantly economically secure. The American middle class individuals rely on their expertise to sustain themselves hence they can be able to have a progressive sustainable lifestyle. They are people of substantial work autonomy which helps them to venture in sustainable businesses in their areas of expertise which gives them outlets to advance their living standards immensely. According to the majorities expectation the middle class people are supposed to live in spotlessly clean houses have at least two cars and one of the individuals should have a job in a corporation. The advanced in prosperity mighty are in possession of luxurious items like televisions etc. The lower middle live in places next to the working class people and they live relatively comfortable lives. According to the salary range, American middle class individuals are people who build up great strong pillars in the economy therefore they should be able to build stable and strong lifestyles. The expectation is well feed and economically stable individuals offering a hand in nation building. The reality of the American middle class Though the above is what many people would look for in identifying the middle class, a lot has changed in terms of expectation. The American lifestyle has changed and many people live together yet they are not married. Divorced people end up getting married again. These have contributed to high burdens of keeping up these big families. These families have become common among the American middle class and hence they are progressively been accepted. Comparing the past and today, women today are employed and work as professionals. In reality most American middle class calls double income or two incomes for upkeep. To maintain the living lifestyle they are accustomed to. Keeping up their families especially those with children from other marriages which is a common occurrence in the American middle class needs two income to maintain the standards of living and the lifestyles they are used to. Conclusion In conclusion the expected lifestyle for the American middle and what is happening on the ground are two different worlds. The American middle class are going through hard challenges trying to keep up with their lifestyles which are due to high s
Introduction In dealing with the etymology, Greek and Latin being the dominant languages since ancient times when the art and sciences started to provide importance to the way people live were inherently used. Today, most scientific terms are based on Greek and Latin as these have provided classic as well as unchanging form and structure that supports what scientists and researchers need. Words have always been considered a part of human culture and social life so that these also grown, evolve, and even go extinct. Etymology, the study of the history of words provides the stage when they entered a language, provide a source, as well as how their form and meaning have changed over time. At most, etymology made use of philology or the study of how words change from culture to culture. The method of comparative linguistics is also applied by etymologists to reconstruct information about words that are too old for direct information. Related languages are analyzed through the comparative method wherein linguists make inferences, about shared parent language or vocabulary. Word roots are found this way and maybe traced back to their origin (Lieberman, 2005). The etymological theory recognizes that words originated through limited ways with basic mechanisms as follows:   * Borrowing or the adoption of loanwords from other languages.   * Word formation as derivation and compounding.   * Onomatopoeia and sound symbolism or the creation of imitative words. In addition, new words tend to become obscured through time due to sound change, and semantic change. In most cases, combinations of etymological mechanisms were applied. Hence, the combination of sound change and semantic change usually created etymological connections that are difficult to detect by merely looking at the modern word forms. Components of compounded words further yielded modern languages loaf and ward (Lieberman, 2005). This paper shall focus on the etymology of 15-25 words selected to form this passage “What Killed the Woolly Mammoth?” conducted by Sedwick (2008). Discussion Biology is from the Greek word Βιολογία – βίος, broken down as bio , or “life”; and λόγος, logos or “speech” which literally would mean “to talk about life.” Biology is generally understood as the scientific study of life which examines in detail the structure, function, growth, o