Introduction Patients with neurologic problems like peripheral nerve injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebral palsy (CP), and spinal cord injury (SCI), and benefit from upper extremity orthoses (Lansang Jr, 2006.) Initially, proper evaluation and treatment planning is considered. After the rehabilitation team gathers all the data, it is possible to determine which kind of orthoses would be best suited for an individual (Lin & Cardenas, 2003). Along with the physical aspects like the neurological level of injury, ambulatory status, and the presence of pain, psychosocial issues are also important. In addition, questions related to occupational goals, etc also play a role in choosing the appropriate orthosis (Lin & Cardenas, 2003). Main body The functions of upper extremity orthoses are: to increase the range of motion, correct deformities, provide traction to correct or prevent contractures, enhance the function of the limb, serve as an attachment for assistive devices, and block unwanted joint movements (Lansang Jr, 2006.) The occupational therapist must consider the following key points in the evaluation and treatment planning of the orthosis (Lin & Cardenas, 2003):  1. After an objective physical evaluation, the therapist must observe the function of the hand and evaluate whether the tenodesis action is functional, how the person picks up objects and manipulates them, and whether the tenodesis action can be enhanced by splinting, etc.  2. In order to assess the tetraplegic hand, some hand tests like the Jebson hand test, Sullerman hand function tests, etc are useful. The pinch and grip strength is also measured in case the finger and thumb muscles are present.  3. Sensory tests of pain and light toughness and proprioception are also checked.  4. It is common to choose orthoses for both upper limbs with static, positioning splints. Mobile arm supports are prescribed both unilaterally or bilaterally according to the pattern of upper limb weakness. An optimal function can be achieved by the patient by using one orthosis and using the other hand as an assist. The choice of a more permanent orthosis is made after various orthoses have been tried.  5. In order to determine the initial orthotic selection, it is important to consider the type of orthoses, which are needed to prevent further deformity and complications, as well as which orthoses would optimize arm function for achieving the person’s occupational goals.  6. An extension assist component may be present initially in the orthosis but as the wrist strengthens and as endurance improves, the extension component may not be required. For a patient with neurological deficiency of the upper limb the orthoses, which may be useful include: clavicular and shoulder orthoses, functional arm orthoses, forearm-wrist-thumb orthoses, dynamic hand orthoses, and upper extremity orthoses with special functions (Lansang Jr, 2006.) Orthotic fitting The orthosis must be carefully evaluated to ensure proper fit and function because an improper fit will compromise function. Close communication between the therapist, orthopedist, and the patient is essential. All team members must pro