ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Circle Sentencing and Classical Criminology Circle sentencing is the process whereby a criminal is tried and a verdict is produced through a communal process rather than the normal courts or judicial system. In circle sentencing, it is imperative that the criminal first plead guilty and be willing to participate in the process. The process of circle sentencing is believed to alter the rights of defendants described in classical theory in several ways which will be outlined below. It is essential to note that the alteration of these rights can be either positive or negative, depending on the criminal’s dispensation or nature of crime. According to classical criminology, the crime of an individual is regarded as a crime towards society that can only be punished by the society. Also, in classical criminology, the punishment is often awarded according to the crime and the individual traits of the criminal are not considered. The general perspective and approach to crime in classical criminology means that two criminals who have committed a similar crime will have similar rights. This is irrespective of differences in their unique individualistic circumstances such as their psychological state or even social and financial status. However, circle sentencing directly contradicts this since the process tends to be more individualistic in nature. Even though circle sentencing is carried out by society, the special circumstances surrounding the crime and the criminal are usually put into consideration. This alters the rights of defendants described in classical theory since the punishment is no longer just served to fit the crime. It is also served in a measure that puts the individualistic factors surrounding the criminal himself into consideration. This alteration is not a problem since the punishment resulting from circle sentencing will end up being more effective and comprehensive. As far as deterrence and criminal punishment is concerned, circle sentencing is an improvement to the classical theory of crime and punishment. Positivist Criminology Positivist criminology began in the 19 th century. This is whereby; unlike in the former classical models of crime that attributed criminal behavior to social factors, a criminal was pre-determined by various biological features. This theory was refined in the post-colonial era to constitute only the psychological traits of a criminal. According to Freud, various psychological traits which are common in all criminals are usually a product of the parenting process. It is these psychological problems resulting from poor parenting practice that result into a child growing up with criminal tendencies. Using this foundational Freudian premise, various positivist criminological theories were developed. It was believed that particular p
The globalization of the economy gave many companies access to the labor markets of developing countries. These organizations have greatly benefited from the opportunity to cut their operational costs. However, very often it is done at the expense of employees who have to work in very poor conditions. For instance, one can refer to such as company as Nike that is often accused of creating sweatshops in which the rights of workers are often violated (Butler, 2010, unpaged). It s believed that the employees have to work long hours while being exposed to hazardous materials and high temperature. Moreover, it is believed that the employees of the company do not have access to healthcare services (Butler, 2010, unpaged). Finally, it is alleged that they are often abused by supervisors who can easily dismiss employees if they do the slightest mistakes. This is why Nike is often criticized by political activists. Similar accusations have been leveled at such a company as Apple. It is believed that the employees of this organization can be exposed to dangerous chemical substances that can impair a person’s health (Walters, 2012, unpaged). Furthermore, they have to work approximately 15 hours per day (Walters, 2012, unpaged). Apple is blamed for not ensuring the safety of employees. For example, one can refer to the explosion that took place in one of the factories (Walters, 2012, unpaged). Therefore, journalist often question Apple’s claim about their corporate social responsibility (Walters, 2012, unpaged). Certainly, one cannot say that each of these accusations has been substantiated. In some case, they may be just exaggerated. Nevertheless, they are still worth considering because they can throw light on working conditions of people who live in developing countries. Certainly, companies cannot be prohibited from doing operations in developing countries. Moreover, they create jobs for people who often cannot secure employment. Overall, there are several approaches that Western business can take. They can continue their practices and only comply with the laws of developing countries such as China, India, or Mexico. However, this policy completely contradicts their claims about corporate social responsibility. Additionally, such an approach cannot gain the loyalty of employees. It seems that it is quite ethical to employ workers living in these regions if they are treated decently and if they are provided with an opportunity to improve the quality of their lives. This does not mean that these people should receive the compensation paid to American workers; their salaries can be lower. Nevertheless, businesses from the United States or Europe must make sure that the working conditions do not pose a threat to the life or health of workers. Moreover, the employees must be compensated for extra hours of work. They should also have the opportunity to form trade unions and voice their discontent to corporate executives. Finally, workers should be protected from the abu
Executive Summary In this document, the financial performance of two UAE-based oil companies – Emirates National Oil Company (ENOC) and Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) – will be discussed relative to their profitability, leverage, liquidity, and managerial efficiency ratios. This report will also compare the financial performance of both companies by comparing them to industry performance to understand the trend analysis for the years 2018 and 2019. ENOC and ADNOC are both based in the United Arab Emirates and state-owned. Established in 1993 and with annual revenues of more than AED 21.3 billion ENOC has vast interests across different energy value chains. Comparatively, ADNOC is a leading operator in the Middle East fuel distribution sector. Its core business is harnessing the energy resources of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for nation-building purposes. The findings of this report will be integral in informing investor decisions regarding the two energy companies. Introduction A company’s key financial performance ratios offer investors with a reliable basis for making future business decisions. However, it is difficult to make sound judgements without having a full picture of a company’s overall financial performance (Lee & Lee, 2016). Based on this limitation, it is critical to undertake a detailed analysis of key financial ratios to understand a company’s financial performance. This report was developed with this logic in mind because the performance of ADNOC and ENOC are evaluated based on their key profitability, liquidity, managerial efficiency and leveraging ratios, subject to industry averages computed in table 1.1 below. Table 1.1 Industry average calculations and formulas                                                              2019  2018                                                  Formula                            Profitability                   Gross profit rate            23.3  22.1                                                  Gross profit/Net sales             Return on sales                 10.4                         9.3   Net income/Net sales                                 Return on assets                23.8                         24.2  Net income/Average total assets                      Return on stockholder’s equity  59.2                         59.3  Net income/Average Stockholder’s Equity
Introduction The internet offers a wide range of communication tools that ride on the social dimension of the online experience. The communicative power of the internet has essentially replaced many of the traditional tools, particularly in the world of traditional advertising in print and broadcast media. Marketing a product via a website requires different strategies that will ensure that clients get the products within the reasonable satisfaction level. Properly designed online marketing and product distribution management facilitated the success and sustainability in online marketing since it operated within stipulated business laws. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the online marketing platform for the Scottish Routes Company and present suggestions on how to improve the online channel. About the Scottish Routes Company Founded in the year 2004, the Scottish Routes Company has become one of the most successful destination management organisations in Scotland. The company has been proactive in offering tailor-made tours for families and corporations across Scotland. Among the notable tour services offered by the company include scheduled coach tours, ad hoc tours, island holidays, genealogy, chauffeur drive, special interest tours, and tailor made coach tours for small groups. The company grew over the last decade to offer scheduled tours across Scotland for customer segments such as individuals, friends, whisky clubs, couples, and small corporate groups. The entire business is based on the concept of online marketing. Current online marketing channels In order to increase credibility and maintain professionalism, the current online channels for the Scottish Routes Company encompass processes and features that flawlessly facilitate healthy and lifetime relationships between a business and its clients as seen on the company’s website platform. Among the marketing and sales development elements that are incorporated in the company’s website include trust, reliability, distribution, fair retribution process, and passing accurate information to target tourists (Buhalis, Tjoa, & Jafari 1998; Cheverton 2004). The website is user friendly and allows customers to choose the tour packages they may want and make orders. Besides, the company has been able to establish a Patagonia system within its website to easily assist the customers view the process of reviewing the services, booking, and purchasing tickets online (Frew 2004). The main objective and goal of the Scottish Routes Company’s digital marketing strategy is to attract the European market through the tour website and sell tour packages to tourists who have plans of visiting Scotland. The package promises a guide to the best entertainment, cultural and social activities besides showing the actual position and themes of the tourist attraction sites in Scotland. The tour website has an existing market segment comprising of the citizens of Scotland, who are the majority of its current customers. Apparently, this segment forms the largest bracket of tourism travel
Measures to address food insecurities can become a reason for water pollution. Today, products bought at supermarkets are heavily processed and packaged. Food packaging is a source of water pollution, as much garbage ends up in the ocean affecting different ecosystems. According to National Geographic, in the North Pacific Ocean, there is a collection of marine debris consisting of plastic bags, bottle caps, plastic water bottles, and Styrofoam cups. The majority of the trash comes from land activity, specifically from the food industry. Therefore, food distribution is one of the central reasons for water pollution. One of the ways to diminish the negative impact on the water supply people should reduce the amount of plastic used daily. According to Greenpeace, one of the ways to improve the ecology of the planet is by creating healthy food markets. Pledging to buy sustainable or organic fresh produce whenever possible and avoiding processed food can reduce not only the amount of plastic used for packaging but also cut greenhouse gas emissions (Greenpeace). Therefore, everyday individual choices can significantly influence the ecological situation in the world. Works Cited Greenpeace. “12 Things You Can Do To Start an Eco-Food Revolution.” Greenpeace USA, Web. National Geographic. “Great Pacific Garbage Patch.” National Geographic Society, Web.
Study Skills Nurses must comprehend why certain disorders develop as well as what happens physically in the patient. On the other hand, the patient is uninterested in learning this information; all they want is to feel well. When studying for a nursing test, one must learn how to aid a patient by understanding their diagnosis. Nursing school takes a lot of reading, but attempting to recall everything for the first time will only lead to frustration. You should go over the information before reading a chapter. People may choose what material is most significant by looking at headers, subheadings, emphasized terms, summaries, and challenges at the conclusion of a section. Time Management Nurses will not have enough opportunity to be hands-on with every element of treating patients, which is why healthcare is a collective effort. An excellent staff nurse will make life on the floor so much easier, but there is an art to how individuals employ this asset. Nursing is fundamentally about connections, which involve your interactions with medical assistants. When student nurses start their first nursing positions, they are typically astonished to realize that there is no way to foresee how a day will go. It just takes one phone conversation to transform an ordinary day into a whirlwind of grueling activities. Goal Setting Setting broad predefined objectives allows them to be interpreted in a variety of ways. Long-term nursing objectives are sometimes made, and the surroundings and personal perspectives may influence how individuals understand the function they have set. If the efficiency changes too much, it might stymie your progress and compel you to restart from scratch. People should maintain their nursing objectives precise and specifically. Setting objectives will have little impact if deadlines do not complement them. Creating a goal timetable for each objective and accomplishment will provide them with a more accurate picture of their progress. Impending deadlines are also effective motivators since they may assist people in determining whether their activities need to be enhanced in order to meet the self-imposed cutoff point. Connection to Campus & Community Resources Community health caregivers’ primary responsibility is to treat a patient. Furthermore, healthcare practitioners educate community members on how to maintain their health in order to reduce the incidence of illnesses and fatalities. The mission of community health nursing is to improve, protect, and keep the safety of employees. Nursing professionals work in various settings, including hospitals, outreach programs, schools, and governmental health organizations. Community health nurses are critical in locations where medicine is inaccessible because they can travel to remote and inaccessible portions of a city. Personal and Academic Support Self-care refers to any intentional action that people engage in caring for their physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. It is critical f
Macbeth: Watching the World Collapse Impulsiveness Truly, a lot can be said about one of Shakespeare’s most complex villains and also one of the most complex and compelling villains of all time, infamously known as Macbeth. His character is a mixture of seemingly noble and disturbingly weird character traits; thus, Shakespeare managed to make this villain not only obviously unpleasant but also intriguingly mesmerizing. With all his nastiness and weakness, Macbeth has a few traits that are considered intrinsically characteristic of “heroes,” the good characters. Impulsiveness is one of those features; although being rather a neutral feature of character, which can turn one’s personality either good or evil, it does not work for Macbeth’s benefit in the play. Macbeth prefers thinking only after taking a certain step, which makes him especially easy to manipulate for his wife. Macbeth’s impulsiveness becomes especially evident as he talks to the murderers: “In such bloody distance,/That every minute of his being thrusts/Against my near’st of life” (I, vii, 1135–1137). In contrast to his wife, who is especially cold-blooded compared to him and seems to contemplate making every single step, Macbeth follows the lead without considering the consequences, which contributes to the tragedy of this character. Instead of thinking about the outcomes of his actions, Macbeth takes steps, with the bitter realization of what he has done coming afterward. Straightforwardness Unlike his wife, Macbeth is never shown as a cunning man and an intriguer – quite on the contrary, Shakespeare often portrays him as a stereotypical military man, who cannot possibly have any second thought about anything. The given characteristics of a military servant must have been recycled to death even before Shakespeare created his timeless classics; however, the poet manages to add a weird unique air to the given feature. To be more exact, what other writers made silly and were used to poke fun at, Shakespeare made intimidating. Although Macbeth is never portrayed as a smart man who prefers to elaborate on his decisions and thinks every step through carefully, he still creates an impression of a very threatening villain instead of a dumb and, therefore, rather silly antagonist. At some points, his straightforwardness becomes even more terrifying than the most threatening hint: “Here lays Duncan,/His silver skin laced with his golden blood” (II, iii, 900). It is very fascinating to hear a villain calling his deeds by their names and not shunning away from the fact that what he is doing is ethically wrong. Even though Macbe
The three stories titled The Picture share the perspective that sex and desire are complicated, not uniformly happy elements in a woman’s life, and that they carry terrible risks, whether one is very young or quite mature in years. Looking at three women and the families around them, the stories by Layla Al-Uthman, Nawal Al-Saadawi, and Latifa Al-Zayyat examine women who are becoming aware of a new aspect of their sexual life, often with less than joyous implications. Narjis, the barely pubescent heroine of Nawal Al-Saadawi’s story, discovers both her own emerging sexuality and her father’s hypocrisy and exploitativeness of his household servant. Latifa Al-Zayyat’s heroine, Amal, becomes aware of the potential for her beloved and desired husband to be faithless. Layla Al-Uthman recounts the tale of her heroine in the first person, a woman contemplating the possibility of cuckolding her husband. All three discover aspects of their own sexuality that open up the potential for great pain. In Al-Saadawi’s tale of self-discovery, the little girl explores her own body in a way that would be entirely unremarkable in a western or secular household. However in the context of her religious upbringing and the strict and reserved behavior of her father, this self-exploration becomes frightening, and momentous. It ultimately destroys her world, which is founded on a worshipful respect for her father. If she were not feeling the new feelings engendered by her growing and developing body, she would not have been up so late to belatedly fulfill the obligatory ablutions her father and her religion have imposed on her. As a result, she is awake at a time of night when her father imposes his sexual will on the house servant. Thus, she discovers the possibilities of her own body and that of all women, in a cataclysmic moment of revelation. Narjis is apparently motherless. There is nothing to suggest that she has a mother now, or ever did. Her only female role model is the taciturn house servant who is fulfilling the role of mother, servant, and, apparently, sex object for her father. Thus, at this turning point in her life, she has no one to ask, no one to share her new-found insights with. She is limited.herself, to the role of supplicant at her father’s feet, doomed never to look him in the face, a hero worshipper, uttering the same two words that her father’s servant uses to communicate with him. She persists in her investigations of herself, nonetheless, experimenting and wondering at what she finds. She is too young to have experienced the ‘male gaze’, but has frequently basked in the reflected glory of her father’s respected position in the community. Thus, her budding buttocks are in a sense the first element of her own identity apart from her overbearing father. They are something he has not asked her to do, that he did not cause to happen, and they are her exclusively her own. As noted above, however, they are also a mystery. Najir notes that, She could see Nabawiyya from the rear, but not herself. At that moment, she imagined that she had discovered a new human misfortune: you could see other people’s bodies but not the body in which you were born and
Potential Future of Tourism Industry in Goa Development of Tourism in Goa The identification of Goa as a world tourism destination is started in the 1960s. In Goa tourism, the arrival of hippies in 1960s is treated as a turning point. They provide much popularity to the Goan beaches worldwide. Tourism in the region is highly developed in the 1980s with the government regulations relating to the accessibility of Goan skies for chartered flights because chartered flights are mainly used by tourists for reaching Goa. Goan beaches are India’s premier beach resorts attracting thousands of foreign and domestic tourists every year ( History and Culture of Goa ). Goa is known as the Rome of the East. Tourism provides a major part of the total economy of Goa. The natural beauty and blended regional culture make it a favorable tourist location. The local government of Goa, declared tourism as an industry with effect from April first, 2000. Beach and alcohol tourism is highly developed in the state. “Every year, Goa receives a large number of domestic and foreign tourists, who come for around 5- 9 days, stay in Goa. India received a total of 3915324 tourists in 2005, while during the same time Goa was visited by 336803 tourists.” (Abreu 2008). Cultural tourism in Goa is mainly concentrated on domestic tourists. The unique Goan culture and lifestyles attract domestic tourists. International tourists are mainly attracted by the coastal beauty of the Goa beaches. Evaluation of Butlers Talc with respect to the Goa destination According to the concept of Butler, each destination in the tourism industry has a lifecycle. Thus there are different stages involved in the lifecycle of the destination. Butler framed a model of destination lifecycle and he named it as TALC (Tourism Area Life Cycle) model. The first stage of the lifecycle of the destination is known as the Exploration stage. At this stage the place is relatively unknown and the number of visitors to the destination is very small. The reason for this may be the lack of facilities for easy access to the location. The second stage in the lifecycle of the destination is known as the Developmental stage. In this stage, the destination gets popular among touri