ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This paper addresses the various forms in which women resisted slavery. It also looks at the ways in which these forms of resistance were influenced by factors such as gender inclinations, the geographical location and the kind of work performed by these women. It includes an introduction, the discussion on various forms of resistance applied which are classified under the 3 broad categories of gender, geographic location and work done and finally, a conclusion. Introduction Slavery is one worst injustices where an individual is forcefully made to labor for another against their will. The well documented form of slavery was the people of African origin, both male and female were working for the white masters. It is this denial of freedom to a social life, being overworked, mistreatment and other forms of cruelties that probed the slaves to start a wave resistance. The contribution of the women in the rebellion against slavery is often overlooked, a stand which needs to be reconsidered particularly having in mind the way they distinctively used their gender, geographical location and the form of work they performed. According to gender Women took several ways of resistance which were either passive or active. Resistance methods applied by females often differed from those applied by their male counterparts. Their form of action sought to particularly maximize their gender to fight the forms of abuse related to them: against sexual abuse where they denied their masters the favors or in an active form they fought physically like in the case of Celia who had bore 2 children to her master (Robert Newsom) before deciding enough was enough and attacking him with a piece of sick and killing him. Women also took charge of educating their daughters on their traditions as a form of retaining the cultural identity. Women are known to posses the art of marketing which in slavery; they were able to use to resist abuse (Stearns, Adas, and Schwartz 56). Stereotypes were also broken in the slavery resistance where women took active roles and full control of their lives to beat the odds like in the narration of Mary Prince who tells her life and portrays herself as an industrious resourceful and productive woman. The children of the slaves were usually sold out into slavery too thereby being broken from family ties and thus leading a slave life. Women would usually induce abortions to prevent their future generations from being subjected to the same life they were leading. Unlike males, women are known to possess the power to withstand intensive mental and physical hardships coupled with their gift to bring new life into the world. Women in slavery often used this power to tol
Introduction The valley of the shadow depicts two communities during the American civil war of 1860-1865 with one community northern and the other southern specifically the Franklin County in Pennsylvania and Augusta county of Virginia. The period of war had great impact on women varying from their work, social status, age, race and family. The women had a rich social experience of the war that was represented in their diaries, letters and other war documents. They expressed themselves differently and were concerned about different issues prior to the war, during the war and after the war period. The women ranged from slave owners, the wives to the soldiers, mothers, daughters, slaves to young girls. The records of these women reveal their fears, anxiety, opinions on the war and their attitude. They also represent their devotions to family, their country, God and the struggle in the war. They are thus not only historical, but they provide rich information on the role of these women in the war, their reactions to the war, the climate and social conditions at the time and the place of women in society at the time. The Analysis of the Experiences of Women in the War While most of the women received letters from their loved ones especially those whose relatives were involved in the war, they also wrote letters to their loved ones, authorities, kept diaries and were depicted in the documentaries of the time (Ayers 10). The analysis of these women shall include the mothers, daughters, wives, young girls of varying races and background. The analysis evaluates their devotion to their families, God and religion, their struggles during the war, the level of their education and other social issues (Whitman and Lowenfels 12). The period of the Civil War was characterized by a separation of the families. This was with soldiers going to war leaving their families behind; children in school away from their families and the separation of relatives for other reasons. The diaries of the women show their attachment to their families and their need to keep in touch with them. Fannies in the letter to her cousins (Ayers 17) keeps in touch through informing her cousins of the weather, the cold season, among others and sends them another letter too to know of their well being. Melly Clayton writes to her aunt about how her family is doing (Ayers 27). Carter Sue writes and laments about her separation from her family showing the deep connection she had with them. In the letter of the Houser family, Mollie writes to her cousin about her family and relates the news to her cousin. The war time diary and letters of the Smiley family are about the relatives and f
No matter how much time passes, minority groups have and will always be regarded as the others in a society, whether it is a city, state, or a country. These others are considered as the social outcasts of a community and have to find abode in a different community of their own people. They do not be any different from the rest of the people except for some characteristics like color, creed, religion, gender, etc. America has faced a serious threat in the form of cultural diversification and African-Americans have been the worst victims in the fight between multi-ethnic human groups made to live the life of second-grade citizens; the others . In association with a particular community, these groups can be defined as various classes of people that differ from the chief class, also known as the dominant group , living in the area (Feagin, 1990). These differences may be based on widely varying characteristics, such as spoken languages, physical features, religion, cultural activities, etc. It is also true in most cases that the principal group has a larger economic and political influence on the society, but provides unequal treatment to the other groups (Feagin 1990). Furthermore, individuals belonging to minority groups enjoy lesser social, recreational, and other miscellaneous facilities than those of the dominant group. A racial minority group can be classified as a group of individuals having certain distinct physical features that differentiate them from the dominant individuals (Feagin 1990). These characteristics may include hair color, eye color, the shape of the bones, skin complexion, etc. This article discusses a period in the history of the United States during whic
Being a Sergeant of the US Army, I am working as a Transportation operator at 107th Armored Cavalry Regiment. I have to perform my planning, organizing, leading, and controlling functions as an integral part of my individual military occupational specialty (MOS). With full compliance to the Soldier’s Manual and Trainer’s Guide, issued by the Department of The Army (2004, p 184), I have to manage organizational duties, supervisory roles, and individual skills improvement factions as part of my military job at the lower level commanding position of US Army. Following are the measures of my management functions that I have to put into practice regularly – Management Functions at My Organization The major function and duties that I have to perform are – Types of Responsibilities                                                      Functions                                               Organizational                                                                 Manage the driver-training program at my units;         Controlling solders performing vehicle recovery;                              Cargo handling                                                                Maintaining battle equipment loading unloading;                               Monitoring maneuvers of the vehicle-mounted crane;                            Individual                                                                     Participating in training for my Individual development Individual assessment of my managerial attributes                             Supervisory                                                                    Following commands from my supervisor                   Preparing reviews of vehicle accidents and damage to report to my supervisors Supervising schedules of vehicle movements                                     Table 1: The major function and duties. Source: Self-generated. I operate my duties at my organizational environment where the sergeants could be pointed to the baseline of rank where commands are exercised; it is the starting point where the enlisted soldiers and Noncommissioned Officers (NOCs) are referred for training and development. To generate my personal competencies, I have received my training with all members of my base in accordance with the guidance of the MOS 1 as prearranged in the apposite soldier’s manual. Then I come to put my learning outcomes into practice. At my duty status, I have to keep myself always ready to report my location and activities of my unit members, especially the soldiers’ movement along with their vehicle and equipment movements, and to perform such a stressful responsible job. I need planning, organization, and implication of the planning to get successful outcomes. Managerial Practice with My Supervisor My managerial duty to my supe
Since social workers are engaged in relationships with people, having to comply with laws at the same time, they must routinely deal with ethical dilemmas. Before discussing a real case involving an ethical dilemma, it is necessary to give a clear definition of the issue. Ethical dilemma is a situation involving three major conditions (Rey, Corey, & Callanan, 2015):  1. The necessity of making a choice. An individual, referred to as the “agent”, has to decide, which course of action has to be taken to achieve maximum benefit for all the parties involved.  2. The presence of at least several optional solutions. Situations, in which there are next to no options (e.g. life-or-death decisions), cannot be considered ethical dilemmas in the full sense of the word.  3. The absence of an ideal solution. In ethical dilemmas, it is impossible to choose a course of action that would not compromise some of the ethical principles. The case that I had to encounter in my practice was connected with social media interaction. One of my clients wanted to add me to her friend list on Facebook. On the one hand, it has long been strictly prohibited by the Code of Ethics to email or chat with clients. Yet, on the other hand, therapeutic services over the Internet can be conducted in some cases. The following principles, which allowed calling this situation an ethical dilemma, were involved:   * Dignity and worth of the person. The client has the right to self-determination, which is violated when he/she is forbidden to do what he/she wants.   * Importance of human relationships. The major goal of any social worker is to establish trusting relationships with the client. In the case described, the girl suffered from low self-esteem and rejection, which made it particularly difficult to reject her “friend” request.   * Integrity. No matter how personally involved I felt, I had to comply with the policies of the agency even knowing that the effect of the therapy may be considerably diminished as a result of my actions. The agency was strictly against any interactions except personal meetings. Only in emergency cases it was allowed to make a call or send an email.   * Competence. Privacy issues require that a social worker must be a competent user of modern technologies. There is always a possibility of data leaks due to hacker attacks or security breaches. As a result, confidential information from the dialogue may be disclosed. That was one of the key considerations guiding my decision-making process. In order to solve this situation with minimum harm, I consulted the NASW Code of Ethics, Section 4.03. It states that it is forbidden for social workers to allow their private conduct to hinder their capability to perfo
Strategic issues in an organization refer to the critical challenges including fundamental policies which must be scrutinized and implemented accordingly for an organization to meet its full objectives (Dutton, & Duncan, 2006). The process of identifying strategic issues is a crucial matter for the management of both the profit oriented organizations as well as the non-profit organizations. While the non profit organizations are built on a charitable ground where they offer basic help to the communities such as education and health facilities, profit organizations operate on a major objective of drawing maximum benefits from their activities (Dutton, & Jackson,1987). In an attempt to answer a number of strategic questions, an individual identifying strategic issues require adequate input as well as a relevant analysis of the organization’s structure (Dutton, & Duncan, 2006). This paper therefore presents a discussion on how non-profit organization which helps people with drug and substance abuse problems may identify its strategic issues. The first step towards the identification of strategic issues within a chemical dependency organization such as alcohol and drug addict rehabilitation center, an individual needs to determine the possible strategic issues of such an organizatio (Dutton, & Jackson,1987). Step one of the strategic issue identification therefore requires one to have adequate knowledge of the organization’s vision and core values. In addition, the possible themes as well as the strengths, threats and opportunities are important factors that influence the entire process of strategic issue identification (Dutton, & Duncan, 2006). Furthermore, for an organization rehabilitating individuals with alcohol and substance abuse problems, one should take into consideration the general status of community health (Sallivan, Sullivan, & Nonaka, 1988). This stage is essential since it helps the one understand why certain issues raised should or not be considered as strategic issues (Dutton, & Jackson,1987). The discussion at this stage would enable the participants distinguish strategic issues from other problems. For instance, in an alcohol rehabilitation center, one would distinguish between a strategy for reducing the number of alcohol and drug addicts within the rehabilitation center, from why the number of such addicts keeps increasing despite the strict rehabilitative measures. The evaluation of strategies identified is followed by an analysis of various consequences (Dutton, & Jackson,1987). The participants attempt to draw the line between the most important and the less important matters depending on the consequences associated with not addressing certain issues as necessary (Dutton, & Duncan, 2006). The organization would face major challenges if strategic issues are not handled. For example, in an organization dealing with rehabilitation of alcohol and drug addicts, fai
Introduction The Deepwater Horizon and the Ixtoc oil spills have been the greatest in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1979, the Ixtoc platform experienced the biggest oil leak ever in history. In 2010, BP Company reported one of the largest gas leaks, which led to subsequent explosions that killed 11 people. The Harte Research Institute and BBC released reports on the causes and effects of the BP spill and Ixtoc disaster. BP Communication Strategy BP presented its disaster report in a review published by Ernst and Young, with aims of briefing stakeholders, investors, communities, and consumers. The company created a breakdown of activities from the time the disaster struck, through the losses, and finally to the response measures. The strategy was instrumental in revealing the company’s social responsibilities and its commitment to consumer satisfaction. The first section sympathizes with families and friends of those affected by the disaster (Ernst & Young par. 1). In the main section, the company illustrates its financial commitment to mitigation strategies. BP also offers its commitment to research to ensure the BP fails to demonstrate its commitment to public safety when it fails to admit responsibility for the technical breakdowns. Additionally, the company does not include any effects of using dispersants during the oil spill. Whereas the traditional oil spill responses relied on floating booms, skimmer ships, and controlled burns, the use of dispersants created challenges in separating oil from seawater. The company has also scheduled its financial commitment towards reviving tourism and fishing, which were worst hit by the oil spill. The commitment does not stipulate the extent within which the company will lay its resources to address the specific issues that led to deep-sea spills. Report by the Harte Research Institute The Harte Research Institute also addressed the BP spill. Although the institute was involved in post-spill research, it gathered information from experts in order to understand the causes, damages, and possible control measures. According to the researcher, BP erred in introducing dispersants, which interfered with normal clean-up activities (Harte Research Institute par. 2). The mitigation strategies reported by the research institute include mapping of shorelines to detect any change (Harte Research Institute par. 9). Additionally, shoreline models will be constructed and distributed to various geospatial laboratories. One of the advantages of the communication strategy used by the firm over others adopted after oil spills is focusing on practical mitigation strategies. It presents detailed accounts of what transpired during the spill. One of the accounts includes the effects of the oil on the microbial community in the reg
Introduction A quality management system (QMS) refers to a formalized system that plays a key role in the documentation of procedures, processes, and various responsibilities targeted at the achievement of quality objectives within organizations. Therefore, the role of QMS is associated with the coordination and direction of organizational activities with the purpose of meeting regulatory demands and customers’ needs; if implemented correctly, such a system can reduce organizational waste, lower operational costs, engage staff in achieving goals and objectives, set the overall direction of an organization, improve important processes, as well as help in facilitating and identifying opportunities for future training. Analysis ISO 9001:2015 is an international standard that specifies general requirements for effective management of quality within organizations. This standard is considered the most relevant and prominent approach to improving QMS (American Society for Quality, 2015). Organizations apply the ISO 9001:2015 standard in their practice for demonstrating their ability in providing high-quality products or services on a consistent basis for meeting regulatory requirements as well as customer demands. When using the standard, organizations can effectively manage their processes, improve the efficiency of their employees, and implement continuous enhancement procedures to address the challenges and trends of industries within which they operate. The most noticeable difference between ISO 9001:2015 and its previous version, ISO 9001:2008, is that the newer edition of the standard follows a completely different structure of system standards. The new structure makes it easier for organizations to use several management systems at the same time. Also, ISO 9001:2015 is different from the ISO 2008 version in its focus on risk-based assessments and thinking. Despite the fact that ISO standards have always integrated the feature of risk-based thinking, the 2015 version has a much more prominent focus on this aspect, as mentioned by the International Organization for Standardization (2015). Compared to the previous version, the new ISO standards can bring organizations more benefits such as emphasizing the importance of leadership engagement, helping overcome organizational risks, using more clear and straightforward language when using several management systems, addressing challenges of supply chain management, and integrating user-friendly services to enhance organizational performance.
Regardless of who you are or which gender you belong to physically or psychologically, it seems a given that you will be constrained in some way. This is because every role in society has become associated with specific behaviors and expectations that are automatically applied to the individual who has become associated with a role through accident or design. As a result of the need to fit within these social expectations and thus achieve a sense of being accepted in the social sphere, each individual finds it necessary to restrict themselves in some aspect of their being. The theme of the restrained self is a strong theme that can be found throughout most of this term’s available readings. Even princes of the dominant culture can find themselves trapped within social constraints that prove destructive to the self as can be seen in William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet. However, some roles seem to be more self-destructive than others simply because there are more damaging constraints placed on them. In many cases, for instance, the theme of the restrained self is discovered about the position of women living in a male-dominated world. This is certainly the case in William Faulkner’s short story “A Rose for Emily” in which the main character is defined by the men involved in her life and the social constraints placed upon her by her position within society. In many of these stories, the woman’s character or inclinations are often expected to remain unexpressed under the expectations of the external definition. As more people were able to enter the literary field, though, this theme began to be found applied to others as well such as in the minority black population voiced by Langston Hughes. In his poem “Dream Deferred,” Hughes provides a succinct description of the constrained self that is thus equally applicable to the position of women as express