ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The case of Henrietta Lacks became known outside the medical community thanks to a book and a film about the fate of a black American woman whose cells, without demand, served science for many years. In the 1970s, more than 20 years after Lack’s death and the creation of cell culture, scientists contacted the woman’s descendants with a request to provide them with biological material for genetic analysis (Brown, 2021). From then until now, Henrietta’s descendants have tried to achieve compensation and recognition for the role that she, albeit unwittingly, played in modern science (“Henrietta Lacks: Science Must Right a Historical Wrong,” 2020). However, since then, the legislation has changed, and medical research has become more ethical, particularly in terms of consent to collecting biological data. Meanwhile, judging by current research and literature, the patient’s socioeconomic status still affects the availability and quality of medical care and, in general, the treatment. Many scientific publications show the correlation between racial, ethnic, demographic, and other factors and characteristics of treatment. Thus, according to the study by Arya et al.(2018), racial characteristics still determine the patient’s fate in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease. It turns out that the black population has a 37% higher risk of getting amputation compared to white patients regardless of the disease presentation (Arya et al., 2018). Thus, it is clear that the problem still exists, and racial differences significantly dictate the attitude towards the patient. It is difficult to say what changes are required to avoid such situations. Outside, segregation seems to have been eliminated: there are no longer separate hospitals for blacks, patients are legally equal, unethical medical practices are persecuted. However, the statistics speak for themselves, and their scale is scary. In the meantime, the race is not the only ground for discussing the moral side of the actual differences in treatment. Factors determining a person’s sexual orientation, gender, or age are also relevant today. It is important to note that the influence of socioeconomic status has a detrimental effect on the question of the population of the healthcare system. This, in turn, may pose a national threat because if people are afraid of doctors, then a window of opportunity opens up for the spread of dangerous diseases. Thus, the results of a study by Arpey et al. (2017) suggest that people with a lower socioeconomic status report receiving a worse-quality treatment and medical service. Moreover, there is a correlation between the status and a person’s health condition. Therefore, the danger of doctors’ bias lies in the impact on the well-being of the population. Literature and research have considerably changed my understanding of the current situation in referring to patients. It seemed that stereotypes and prejudices had outlived themselves in the h
Prestige Level The company’s transformation from private into public can be considered an important process that is followed by multiple changes in its structure, climate, organizational culture, and functioning. First of all, significant alterations in attitude to the firm and its prestige can be admitted. The entrance to the public domain means the improved cooperation with the community and individuals as the company becomes focused on the satisfaction of their needs. For this reason, all employees start to feel their belonging to an important mission and acquire more opportunities for self-realization (Meyer, 2017). Moreover, cooperation with the government means better engagement and options for career growth (Meyer, 2017). All these aspects significantly impact the company. Organizational Structure The given change will affect the organizational structure because of the need to consider new conditions and engage in new activities. Regarding the fact that organizational structure includes roles, responsibilities, actions, and culture, all these domains will be influenced (Meyer, 2017). Thus, the existing approach to the company’s management will be reconsidered with the primary aim to introduce a new delegation system presupposing a better distribution of socially important tasks among employees (Meyer, 2017). At the same time, new roles can be introduced in teams to achieve better monitoring and distribution of responsibilities among workers (Meyer, 2017). Finally, changes in the organizational structure might mean the creation of new departments focused on relations with communities and assessment of their current needs. Clients Another factor that impacts the company and its organizational structure during the transformation from public to private is the change in the targeted audience. The firm working in the public domain is more focused on the observation of the needs of individuals belonging to various communities and satisfaction of their current demands. For this reason, the prevalence of social factors becomes topical for the company and its future growth (Meyer, 2017). At the same time, it is critical to align the cooperation with society, which should be supported by an appropriate organizational change and radical transformation of priorities. That is why the
Social work as a complicated and multi-faceted sphere of professional activity involves a diverse number of significant issues that need to be addressed when carrying out counseling procedures for clients. The task of a social worker’s performance is to ensure human rights observance for all clients regardless of their cultural, economic or educational background. A competent social worker always prioritizes client’s rights for freedom, education, health care, and safety (Poulin, Matis, & Witt, 2018). Thus, it is essential to act with empathy and lack of personal interest with the aim to help people resolve their social issue and acquire the opportunities to improve their lives. This presentation of an assessment will address the case of Claireece Precious Jones, the main character of Daniels’ (2009) film under the title Precious . The client is an illiterate sixteen-year-old HIV-positive African American teenager who suffers from obesity and is continuously exposed to rapes by her father and physical and emotional abuse from her mother. Claireece Jones was twice impregnated by her father and is currently pregnant with her second child. Her first child has down syndrome and lives with the client’s grandmother. All the mentioned conditions of Precious’ life are regarded as constant stressors leading to severe issues in mental health. In this case, the social worker carrying out her assessment and treatment plan should take into consideration the oppression and abuse that the client was exposed to since being a toddler. The client shows the symptoms of an eating disorder and dissociative identity disorder as the results of repeated acts of abuse that Precious has been exposed to throughout her life. To resolve the identified problems of the client, the social worker needs to establish consent, discuss confidentiality terms, carry out assessment procedure, and thoroughly address t
Unfortunately, no technology may be generally accepted to be flawless. The health care system has recently started to implement new technologies. Among them is MRI or magnetic resonance imaging that is believed to be indispensable in young patients’ treatment because some of them tend to possess mental issues and need to access records electronically in order to be aware of their diagnosis and the exact impact of the treatment. Indeed, new engines may easily fail because of any reason causing problems and postponing forming a precise diagnosis. For instance, according to recent researches, “they identified keywords and tabulated definitions for major categories of equipment and problems e.g. switch, router and bug” (Chem, Wang, Magrabi, 2017). It means that electronic devices seem to be unreliable to some extent. Another issue concerning their application runs as follows: “any disruptions to access the computer system have severe consequences to hospital operations, finance, patient safety, providers, and especially the clinical staff” (Gecoma, Klopp, Rouse, 2020). Therefore, the work of the whole clinic may be stopped because of one engine, a few patients may die of not being given manual pulmonary ventilation. The reason would be an MRI that went off in the neighboring wards. Nevertheless, there is no reason to stop implementing new technologies. The point is that problems with engines may be prevented in case of accurate use. MRI cannot be replaced as well as many other devices, that is why it would be wise to keep them at hospitals. A probable solution may be to double the devices in number to act swiftly in case they are broken. However, there is a large investment from the government should take place. To sum it up, brand new engines may be broken when they are needed and cause a patient’s death. Such situation
Perhaps president Obama is the only president to have done a lot for labor unions, as a president. He has done this through bailouts, changing policies in the labor unions and legislation. However, he has not been able to persuade the congress to adhere to every worker’s dream; removal of voting via a clandestine ballot in the labor unions. Even so, he is still trying to make it conducive for the laborers to form unions in various sectors, and at the same time ensuring that their employer’s would not intervene. That is basically what Obama’s policy is all about (Barnes, 2010). The Obama’s administration was swift to ensure the union’s rights of Delta Airlines and Northwest Airlines were not jeopardized when the two airlines merged. In the elections that followed, the unions were expected to merge. With the help of Obama’s administration, an end to the non unionization of Delta’s laborers was expected to come to an end. Sadly though, this was not so. The elections took place in December 2010 and the most shocking results were witnessed. 70 % of the Delta’s employees discarded the Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers and in the previous month, 52% of the flight crew chose not to unionize. Other employees like mechanics and meteorologist, unanimously rejected the unionization (Barnes, 2010). It was a great loss to labor as a whole; it was even greater for the former workers of the Northwest airline since at the moment, they have no union. However, the labor union has filed for a re-election claiming that Delta had manipulated the election. The union has a history of loosing cases, so it is unlikely that a re-election will be done. The Delta airline used a cunning method to prevent unionization of their employees; they offered more benefits to non unionized employees. This tactic succeeded despite of NMB changing the election rules to favor the union (Fox, 2010). Obama’s biasness towards the unions is expected to persuade the airport security association to join the union. Even so, the defeat of the union by Delta has made Obama’s record of labor reforms, a poor one. Experts have warned that Obama is anti-business; since supporting the unions has been known to deter economic growth. However, by favoring the unions, Obama is simply looking after the interest of the workers (Barnes, 2010). Works Cited Barnes, F. (2010). The Obama Team’s Other Lost Election . Web. Fox. (2010). Obama Administration Eases Path for Airline, Rail Workers to Unionize . Web.
Introduction Comparing decades is a monumental task as modern history shows, a tremendous number of world-changing events can occur in such a short period of time. Each decade is unique, having an identity shaped by its culture, political differences, as well as social tendencies, and perceptions. However, the most interesting approach is to compare a historic decade to modern time, after all, history is meant to demonstrate the progress of human civilization and provide invaluable lessons about society’s biggest mistakes. The 1960s and 2010s decades are similar in patterns of conflicting ideological differences and subsequent large-scale social changes that differ in the context of modern perceptions and acceptance by the population. The 1960s The 1960s was one of the most historically profound and turbulent times in history, characterized by the complexity of racial, inter-cultural, and political trends in the United States. The country was fully engaged in the Cold War, experiencing a consistent threat of nuclear annihilation. American society was greatly divided on a number of vital issues and events. In the context of this paper which focuses on comparing social changes across the decades, the 1960s is most well-known for its large social movements and protests regarding a vast number of issues. The most prominent of which is the Civil Rights movement focused on desegregation for people of color and ethnic minorities, achieving a significant breakthrough in 1964 when the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed which made segregation and discrimination officially illegal. The decade is known for giving birth to social movements as part of the counterculture revolution to the conservative, white male-dominated society. Led by the younger generations, it was an opposition to the social conformity of the previous decade and people became less tolerant of injustices that were committed against minorities. Scholarly research by Biggs and Andrews discusses places such as the deeply segregated U.S. South, protest campaigns and social movements saw increased success (416). Political environments and economic conditions which were previously extremely conservative and outright racist began to experience general change. There were many challenges as many protests turned violent with African Americans killed by police. The undesired change led to the prevalence of extremists such as white nationalists and the KKK which terrorized civilians. Nevertheless, the socio-political conditions of the decade were favorable for such massive change and protesters had the support of the liberal federal government as well as the economic leverage to achieve desegregation. The 2010s The 2010s decade is known to be both a celebration of a scientific and technological breakthrough as well as the degradation of the global political peace and rise of tensions. Similar to the 1960s, this decade has seen the rise of satellite military conflicts such as Syria and the rise of tensions with other nuclear-capable pow
The embodiment of women’s character is widely used in the works of outstanding authors. They describe in detail all the female sufferings and struggle, persistence, and resistance to the negative environmental factors connected with social inequality and prejudices against weak gender. To illustrate these facts one can analyze such books as “Sweat” by Zora Neale Hurston and “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner. Zora Neale Hurston is known as a short story writer and the author of the masterpiece called “Sweet”. This story tells about Afro-American woman Delia Jones who was constantly struggling against society and her husband. This story is rich in moral and religious symbolic features. The events take place in Deep South; they closely interact with a woman’s belief in God, her trust in her inner voice, and her hope for the careless future. The symbolic characteristic of Delia Jones and her husband Sykes shows that they are two completely opposite people with different moral values. The protagonist of the story is a very hard-working, intelligent, and strong-willed woman with her own view of life, unique lively faith, and saintly virtue. To describe her husband means to show the opposite character. Sykes is presented as a physically strong man, who had never believed in anything and provided his wife with no support. The symbolism of religious characters is widely presented in this story. All the things mentioned in this story are symbolic in a way. The white dress of Delia is described to show the inner character and soul of the woman. The presence of religious mood influences the behavior of Delia Jones. Only her faith helps in overcoming all the difficulties of life with Sykes Jones, to contradict him and struggle with his interests. He seems to be the embodiment of evil; his symbolic character is shown by the description of the “snake”. The author tried to compare him with this creature; the interior of the snake completely coincides with Sykes, who always tried to frighten his wife and hurt her. The contradiction of good and evil is provided by the description of the main story characters. The symbolic nature ends the story with the sunrise. By this, the author stated the victory of the good and saint character of Delia Jones. Sykes’ death brings relaxation and the feeling of a happy and troubled future. The related topic is raised in “A Rose for Emily”, written by William Faulkner. The protagonist of this work is Emily Grierson who devoted her present life to the past and lived only by memories. The theme of the story is to present the character of a “lady” and her behavior in society, her actions, and justifications for them. She is an offender because she killed Homer Barron; it is difficult to explain the motive simply because no one knew the mysterious character of the so-called “lady”. She acts against the rules of society, she just rejects them and strives for satisfying her needs and int
Discuss the implications of evidence-based practice for nursing leaders and managers The unacceptable gap between what medical practitioners knew and what they did gave rise to the EBP movement in the 1960s. The campaign outlined two strategies for nursing leaders and managers. First, EBP should not be local or sporadic; instead, medical practitioners should mediate with health providers and policymakers to include EBP into their quality control guidelines (Stevens, 2013). Moreover, nursing leaders and managers should organize their way of thinking which may be attained through adopting clinical inquiry. At that, one of the most effective methods is a narrative inquiry in which the application of new knowledge is discussed on a case-to-case basis or through stories (Wang & Geale 2015). All in all, it is not only essential for the nursing field to produce new knowledge but to also transform it into forms and procedures. What is the Code of Ethics for Nurses and why is it important? Discuss your answer considering the Code of Ethics for Nurse’s tenets and principles? Medical practitioners do not only manipulate the physical body, but they also interact with patients’ personalities which makes it crucial to respect patients’ integrity and dignity as human beings. Nurses are confronted with ethical challenges, and since it may be strenuous for an individual to provide moral judgment, the Code of Ethics was created to guide nurses in the decision-making process (Zahedi et al., 2013). The Code of Ethics includes nine provisions with interpretative elements (American Nurses Association, 2015). It outlines a clear statement of nurses’ mission, duties, and obligations serve as a standard for ethical practices, and describes nurses’ contributions to society. The contents overlap with the basic medical principles among which are beneficence, non-maleficence, and patient autonomy. The Code also emphasizes the versatility of the nursing profession since it may also encompass education, research, and management. Analyze the obstacles to improving the performance –appraisal process? A good performance-appraisal process is a link between what the administration or managers want and the ways an employee can be motivated. When implemented adequately, medical practitioners are likely to adjust their practice to fit the imposed expectations and be overall satisfied with their performance (El-Fattah Mohamed Aly & El-Shanawany, 2016). However, there are numerous obstacles to enhancing the performance-appraisal process related to structure, process, and results (Nikpeyma, Saeedi, Azargashb, & Alavi-Majd, 2014). As for the structure, nurses complained about the inefficient introduction of new laws and policies. It was reported that in the process, managers were not careful with evaluating and at times were unfair. Another critical issue was the lack of continuous evaluation throughout the year. Lastly, the study revealed that one of the common obstacles was inappropriate feedback that was not
Introduction Some presentations of neurological disorders cannot clearly describe one condition, aligning with the description of multiple issues. In the case study, a 50-year old African-American male comes to the office, complaining about dizziness, fatigue, and weakness in the left arm. The following examination allows one to explore the patient’s condition further. Based on the combination of the patient’s past medical history and his assessment, it is possible to pose a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke as well as three differential diagnoses, hemorrhagic stroke, hypoglycemia, and seizure with postictal paralysis. Primary Diagnosis The first diagnosis is an ischemic stroke, a blockage of arteries in the brain that leads to reduced blood flow to one’s brain. Its common symptoms include confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, face, arm, or leg paralysis (most often unilateral), vision changes, and others (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook, 2017). In the case, the patient describes all of these signs – his left side of the face and left arm are weakened, and he feels dizzy and fatigued. The physical examination shows that his speech and sight were also impacted. One may also consider common risk factors of stroke such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes which are present in the patient’s past medical history (Lawrence, Fraser, Woods, & McCall, 2011). The combination of the assessment results and available data point to an ischemic stroke as a primary diagnosis. To confirm, complete blood count, blood clotting, blood glucose, and cholesterol tests, as well as a CT scan, should be done. Differential Diagnoses The first differential diagnosis is a hemorrhagic stroke, a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. Hypertension may serve as a risk factor in this case, and the symptoms of this condition are the same as the ones of an ischemic stroke (Kamalian et al., 2015). The second diagnosis is hypoglycemia since the patient has poorly controlled diabetes (Kamalian et al., 2015). Finally, seizure and its consequences of postictal paralysis may be considered because they often present with unilateral numbness or weakness of the face, arms, or legs (Kamalian et al., 2015). Overall, a CT scan or an MRI should support or eliminate these diagnoses. Treatment The first line treatment for an ischemic stroke is alteplase. It is a thrombolytic drug that is used for dissolving blood clots and treat vessel obstruction (Buttaro et al., 2017). The dose for alteplase is 0.9mg per 1 kg of the patient’s weight intravenously over an hour with “10% of the total dose administered as an initial IV bolus over the first minute” (“Alteplase dosage,” 2018, para. 4). Apart from medical treatment for the stroke, it is necessary for the patient to adopt new habits for rehabilitation and prevention of future strokes. Thus, the patient’s current medication plans for hypertension and diabetes have to be reviewed. The man’s social history is unavailable in the case, so general recommendations are to stop smoking, re