ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
How anthropology helps us to evaluate stereotypes The recent study on leadership shows that women have been enlightened and they are up to take their positions in leadership. Anthropology refers to the study of human kind, his society and all that pertain them. Stereotype is where a person seems to conform to a widely accepted behavior type or attitude. According to the study carried recently on gender equality, it was found that differences between men and women occur naturally. These are biological differences between the two sexes and each gender has its own unique characteristics. Other anthropologists view equality as the imagery where men seem to be strong and domineering. This is usually not the case because not all men are as strong as stereotypes argue. In the study on roles of males, men are seen to be typically aggressive, less emotional and more logic oriented. Men are expected to behave in a manner such that everyone recognizes and expect the best from them as argued by (kottak 67). Being the head of the family, a man is committed to the family responsibility of providing and taking care of the homestead. Women have been noted to be emotional, submissive, neat and children keepers. These gender stereotypes for women are less agreed as more women tend to defy their perceptions. Property ownership is no longer men’s achievement as women have been noted to own large business firms, as well. Proper management of large premises and organizations by women is another role that has been decentralized. The study carried on an educational basis shows that there has been a considerable change where education has been centralized for both genders (MacLaury, Paramei and Dedrick 98). Women nowadays have equal chances of being educated unlike in the past where only men were supposed to be learned. Human rights have been fighting for the girl child education. This has ensured that girls are given a chance to go to school. This has led to a tremendous increase in the number of females in higher levels of learning and in some courses they exceed the number of men. Evaluation of our own western culture Cultural studies of different people have noted different activities carried by given tribes depending with the level of interaction they have with other cultures. The mode of living distinguishes each community from others and makes it unique in one way or the other. Culture has considerably been reserved by some tribes and communities although it is fading away in some others (kottak 67). Different occasions in each community are seen to be conducted in different manners and such occasions include marriage, circumcision and among others. Languages spoken by different communities widely vary as
Single parent is defined as a parent of either sex, who brings up or cares for their children, without the involvement of another parent. According to the US Census figure for 2006, there were almost 13 million single parent families in US. The paper will provide a category for single parents, depending on whether the parent is an alcoholic, drinker and abstainer. The paper will accordingly give classifications as: single parent alcoholics, single parent social drinkers and single parent teetotalers or abstainers. Each category is discussed in detail and the rationality for the categorization is provided. The category ‘single parent alcoholics’ is a very tragic phenomenon that exists among many single parents. In this category, the single parent, either the father or the mother is a chronic alcoholic and heavily uses alcohol and other substances. I have observed that some single parents from the poorer sections of the society and this includes a majority of Blacks, can be placed in this category. I have also observed that many single alcoholic parents are Black women who have been divorced or abandoned. These people consume alcohol as a form of support and become totally dependant on it. The effect of an alcoholic parent on family finance is terrible and the family usually ends up living on support. The effect on children is equally bad, as they do not have any role models to look up to. A higher percentage of such children take up to drugs, alcohol, crime and other unsocial behavior. There is also a higher tendency for such children to drop out from schools before completing their education. The category of ‘single parent social drinkers’ includes parents who consume moderate amounts of alcohol once in a while, at parties and social events. I have observed that a vast majority of single parents are social drinkers. These people are successful professionals who have been divorced or their spouses have died. Single parents in this category lead a healthy lifestyle, are employed or have their own businesses. Children of such parents are well balanced and have a better chance of keeping away from alcohol or drugs. The children go to school or college and manage to a lead productive life. The last category is ‘single parent teetotalers or abstainers. People from this category have either given up drinking or never drank alcohol. I have observed that many people in this category do not drink because of religious reasons or because they do not like the substance. I have also observed in a few cases that some people do not drink because they have seen their parents or a close relative become alcoholics. A majority of children of such single parents do not take to drugs, alcohol and other substances. The children grow up to be successful professionals and make a career as doctors, pastors, engineers and other professions. I have provided a categorization of sing
The process of setting a minimum wage on a state and country-level is important in order to assess the cost of living in a particular area. While the federal minimum wage is a highly significant number, state minimum wages should be taken into account as identifiers for the quality of life in different states. For example, many conclusions can be drawn if a state has a high minimum wage. This paper aims to explore the minimum wage in the state of California as well as the significance of independent minimum wages for separate states and the conditions of workers in outsourced companies. According to the most recent data, the federal minimum wage in the US equals $7.25 (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2017). The minimum wage in the state of California is higher, amounting to $10 or $10.50 (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2017). It is an important distinction because it signifies that the cost of living in California differs from the possible cost of living in other states. According to Boeri (2012), minimum wages respond to changing economic conditions of the territories. Therefore, it is safe to assume that setting different minimum wages for states has a great significance for the country’s economic situation. While in some states minimum wage workers can afford to live on the federal minimum wage, the prices and demands of other states may put such employees in a difficult situation. The process of establishing if the minimum wage should be higher than the federal one relies on the cost of living formula (Boeri, 2012). Thus, it supports the idea of different minimum wages because the difference in prices and costs in various states is evident. Moreover, according to Boeri (2012), the government of the US sets minimal wages without a collective agreement, which leads to it being lower than collectively bargained minimum wages. Therefore, allowing the states to oversee their independent wages encourages more people to engage in the process. The United States should allow the states to have different minimum wages that correspond to the citizens’ needs. If an organization decides to broaden its reach or relocate its manufacturing plants to another country, the question of wages becomes rather topical. Outsourcing to a developing nation is often seen as a way to lower the expenses of a company. Thus, many owners would want to scale back on every possible spending. That approach usually involves lowering wages for employees who are paid less than their counterparts in developed countries. Such cost-cutting often leads to companies hiring unskilled staff, which in turn may result in lower productivity and overall quality of the final products and services. According to Wolfson and Belman (2004), small increases in minimum wages affect the rate of employment insignificantly. Thus, by providing workers in developing countries with federal minimum wages from the US may encourage them to work more efficiently an
Introduction Today, healthcare organizations are striving to be proactive – take active steps toward education and prevention instead of dealing with the consequences of letting a situation aggravate. This strategy allows companies to be in control of what is happening and make well-informed decisions, given the vast impact that they may have on customers. This essay will discuss why being proactive helps health care organizations cut expenses, keep communities safe, and predict future challenges. Proactive Approach and Economic Efficiency In today’s world, when it comes to diseases, it is no longer enough to be reactive. Many disorders are well-researched, diagnosable at early stages, or even preventable altogether. If a health problem does not have a chance to get too serious due to a timely intervention, it will lessen the economic burden of patients, the medical facility that they are admitted to, and third parties (insurance companies). For example, a recent study has clearly demonstrated that chronic conditions cost the US economy billions of dollars each year. According to Waters and Graf (2018), obesity alone accounts for more than $1.7 trillion in annual expenses. Being morbidly overweight is associated with many other diseases that are quite expensive to monitor and treat, such as heart diseases and diabetes. These examples clearly show why healthcare organizations should use their leverage to educate communities, for instance, on healthy dietary habits and benefits of doing sports. Not everyone has access to quality education as well as resources for self-learning. By promoting a healthy lifestyle and launching intervention programs, organizations can prevent a problem from even emerging in the first place. Keeping Communities Safe It goes without saying that not money but citizens’ wellness should take front and center of healthcare organizations’ proactive policies (Geppert & Shelton, 2016). To keep communities safe, healthcare strategies should hold early intervention as their primary objective. To develop the example with obesity further, organizations can target children who already struggle with their weight to break the cycle of obese parents passing their unhealthy habits onto their children. In a study by Knight, Cole, Dod, and Oakley (2017), seven Mississippi schools enrolled in a health program with the focus on sports and clean eating. After nine months, the researchers saw a significant decrease in BMI-scores (body-mass index) and improved aerobic capacity scores in five out of seven schools. A normal weight is an important health marker: it reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, some types of cancer, relieves back and joint tensions, and optimizes the immune system (Knight et al., 2017). Therefore, by being proactive, healthcare organizations can spread knowledge across communities, increase their life quality, and prevent them from having issues in the future. Conclusion As the world is becoming more interconnected, organizations are making an effort to maintain communication with their customers and request feedback to improve their policies, goods, and services.
The recent crisis in Japan that is currently underway is a major blow to the Japanese economy as a whole and to its currency ratings in international foreign exchange market. At the moment the Tokyo yen exchange rates have already started plummeting by an alarming percentage just few days after the crisis (Langundo). A recent report indicates that the Japanese stock market is the hardest hit financially in the aftermath of the imminent explosion of the nuclear power plant which has further compounded an already existing problem (Langundo). Japan recent crisis has caused an “economic shock” in the country, a situation which comes about when natural disaster like Tsunami hits a country; it is more likely that a further weakening of the Japanese currency against all currencies will be the outcome as the complete damage that the tsunami caused is completely assessed in the coming days. This weakening of the Japanese currency which is also known as devaluation of the currency will greatly affect the economy by creating instability in the exchange rates (Aggarwal). The Japanese yen has already appreciated against the US dollar and surplus of the currency may be reported in Japanese market in the coming days which means the Yen is weakening against US dollar which will now become stronger; the only good news is that importers will benefit because of this weakening of Japanese currency but on the other hand exporters will be greatly affected since it will mean there products will lose value. The strengthening of the dollar may be due to immediate measures being taken by various firms and companies such as dumping of shares and massive conversion of already held Japanese Yen’s into dollars (Langundo). The devaluation of the yen literary means that, if the Japanese yen is
The decision to adhere to the ideas of flexibility while following the changes in the scientific community regarding the safety of patients in terms of the procedure of catheter insertion seems beneficial for the facility. Clearly, this solution corresponds to the essential needs of the affected persons in eliminating the risks of transmitting urinary tract infections. The significance of this aspect for clinical practice in the hospital setting is conditional upon the support of complex preventive measures that are believed to be effective for addressing the task (McNeill, 2017). Therefore, the emergence of new data regarding the appropriate techniques should be timely monitored and introduced. In addition, the adoption of the Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change appears to be suitable for the mentioned goals as it would allow distributing responsibilities among nurses and achieve positive results. Meanwhile, in this situation, it is also required to pay attention to the possible drawbacks of its implementation in the workplace. Thus, according to Speroni et al. (2020), modifications in regular operations are possible in the case when strong leaders guide the process and educate nurses. These findings can be relied on when developing a global shift in aseptic techniques for their greater efficiency.
Introduction On the 23 rd of October 2012, a somber mood engulfed an Italian courtroom in L’Aquila, a city that crumbled down following the death of 309 people killed by an earthquake (Povoledo 2). The judge, Marco Billi, was just about to sentence seven people for manslaughter, most of whom were seismologists and geologists for failing to uphold their mandate of informing the public of an impending disaster. The proceedings evoked sharp criticism from the scientific world, fearing that the verdict would set a bad precedent to scientists who will be rendered vulnerable in case of disaster strikes in the future. Even though scientists predict and issue scientific knowledge about an impending disaster, they cannot pinpoint the exact time the tragedy would strike. Additionally, there is another issue related to the development of scientific knowledge, which takes time as it is subjected to a lot of criticism before it is adopted. As such, the thesis statement runs as follows, whether it was prudent for the judge to convict the scientists of manslaughter. Main Body The process of developing scientific knowledge is quite intricate. The process involves observation, the framing of hypotheses, experimentation, and a final observation. The initial observation is made within the context of “a prior knowledge and experience” (Hirschheim 1). The credibility of the hypotheses depends on whether they can empirically be established or not. This sets the stage for experimentation, which verifies the truth of a pre-existing theory. The science proceeds to the final stage after disapproving a pre-existing theory. At the final stage, “the science progresses through the accumulation of multiple confirming instances obtained under a wide variety of circumstances and conditions” (Hirschheim 2). In a nutshell, scientific knowledge basically takes this route: science-data-theory-understanding. The final product is then communicated to the public via different modes of communication – verbal or written. The later mode of communication is the most preferred method and as such, peer-reviewed journals are embraced. Nonetheless, these attract a lot of submissions that leave the editors undecided on the kind of scientific knowledge to publish. Moreover, the editors’ choices are sometimes influenced by reviewers who may cite some case studies against the science for the sake of nullifying challenges that threaten the “standard knowledge within the scientific community” (Hirschheim 2). This is done irrespective of the flawless nature of the experiment that validates the science. Following the process taken by scientific knowledge to reach the public, it was irrational of the Judge’s decision to convict the seven for manslaughter. Prior knowledge and experiences portray L’Aquila as an area that is not prone to earthquakes; therefore, a tremor of that magnitude (6.3-quake) was not anticipated. Also, just like the defense lawyer stated, as much as it is possible for scientists (geologists and seismologists) to predict an impending tragedy, the precision of the magnitude of a catastrophe and the exact ti
Introduction Abortion is one of the issues in the history of America that has never had a clear resolve over the years. The American people are always divided on this issue raising arguments based on different views including religious and social elements. While some feel abortion subjects the unborn child into unfair death, others hold the opinion that abortion gives women a choice to decide on what they would like to do with their pregnancies. Tom Trinko on his article identified some of the reasons, which those in favor of abortion base their argument. This paper sets to analyze Trinko’s essay discussing his level of understanding of the matter and his effectiveness in presenting the issue of abortion. The majority of Americans support the legalization of abortion under circumstances connected to social justice. With the rising number of rape cases, many people feel that it is fair for a woman to make a choice of whether to keep or terminate a pregnancy conceived under such horrible circumstances. Rape in itself is quite traumatizing and anything that refreshes the reminiscence of such an event is a bad memory of the victims. Those who support the legalization of abortion argue that in such unfortunate cases, women should not be forced to carry the unwanted pregnancies to term. Who Should Take the Decision The decision should be left to them because they are the victims and the outcome affects them. The sources used by the author are quite resourceful and valid. He has used recent resources citing the most recent political events that surround the issue of abortion. Most of his arguments are common knowledge, which is in the public domain. The use of recent resources has given his arguments a contemporary base. The author engaged reputable resources such as the New York Times, the national memo, and the American thinker. All these are quite resourceful and legitimate sources of information especially on public matters such as abortion and politics. Tom’s assertions gain favor with the Americans who support the legalization of abortion. There are certain circumstances that may require abortion to take place in order to save the life of the mother. Many cases have been reported from maternities whereby doctors have had a difficult choice to make on whom to save between the mother and baby. This normally happens in the event when only one of the two can survive. Nonetheless, this situation accounts for actually less than 8 percent of the total number of cases that require abortion. Abortion Supporters The majority of those who support abortion are however quick to note that the act is not a good thing but just the unfortunate necessity. They agree that the reasons that justify abortion are quite unfortunate circumstances. Hence, there lacks a good reason to justify abortion. To prove this notion, the article presents figures that show clearly, how Americans are opposed to Obama’s extreme position on the same. Obama supports abortion anytime and for any reason, wh
According to Williams et al. (2016), literature has many descriptions of employability because each author uses a specific perspective. Some researchers state that employability is a set of personal skills that make a person more likely to get a job (Williams et al., 2016). Others argue that the state of the economy and education in a country or city also has to be included as personal attributes do not always guarantee employment (Williams et al. 2016). To use a general definition, employability is a combination of skills, knowledge, experience, and environmental factors that help a person gain employment. The competition for good jobs grows as people get access to higher education (Kitroeff 2018). The second challenge is the lack of qualifications to fit certain positions – new jobs often have varying requirements from educational programs (Jackson 2015). For example, the sphere of technological innovation influences people’s employment. To achieve success, graduates have to possess 21 st -century skills, personal attributes that make candidates employable. Students face two challenges – intense competition and a lack of specific skills for a job. The knowledge of technology and such 21 st -century skills as problem-solving and IT application skills are vital to prepare students for life-long learning. Furthermore, two personal qualities, cooperation, and initiative are crucial to promoting useful business relations and access to specialized knowledge. I would develop these skills by reviewing the latest business technology trends and educating myself using the internet. Currently, the 21 st -century skills system is considered to be fundamental to all career prospects. Problem-solving is one of them – it includes one’s abilities to analyze work situations, diagnose problems, reason, and make decisions (Van Laar et al., 2017). Challenges are a part of any job; they can appear when customers are dissatisfied, when employees underperform, or when machinery breaks. I would acquire the basis for task completion and conflict resolution by roleplaying possible situations and reading about common issues in my sphere. The other 21 st -century skill is the application of IT (information technology). Most business areas now use computers in the workplace; therefore, employees cannot operate without understanding how to work with technology (Kivunja 2015). For this reason, a person has to be familiar with word processing, file management, spreadsheets, the internet, and other specific programs (Van Laar et al., 2017). This skill is easy to acquire in the modern world – I use the internet and word processing programs every day, but additional courses are available online. Students need to acquire the discussed