ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There are two main options for buyers of cars in the contemporary world because gasoline and electric ones are prevalent. Despite the fact that the first type is the most common one, there is a growing tendency to choose “eco-friendly” vehicles. There is a necessity to compare and contrast electric and gasoline cars to discover which one is the most attractive offer. This essay will examine both options according to the set of indicators, which are price, maintenance costs, and convenience and safety of use. The conclusion about which type of cars is better in general and is recommended to purchase will be made. Comparison of Electric and Gasoline Cars Electric cars are a relatively new type of cars intended to reduce CO2 emissions and be cost-efficient. These vehicles are powered by electricity, and last years they became a significant competitor for familiar gasoline cars in which gas is used as fuel. The first challenge for buyers., which makes electric cars a less attractive option, is their cost that is higher than regular vehicles’ prices (“Is an electric car right for you?” n.d.). Although there is a positive tendency to making electric transport more affordable, they still cost around $30000-$40000 (“Is an electric car right for you?” n.d.,). Therefore, initial expenses are greater for future electric car owners. On the other hand, maintenance cost is that make long-term using a car more or less attractive. It is possible to state that a full battery’s cost of an electronic vehicle
Introduction The sphere of the aviation industry in the United Arab Emirates has been developing very actively in recent years, and one of the factors that influence this factor is government members’ active participation. The interest of the Arab Emirs in strengthening local aviation has different reasons – the need to meet modern standards of passenger transportation, providing the military industry with high-quality equipment, and some other causes. One of the members of the UAE government who directly participates in the country’s aviation development is the Dubai Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum. His contribution to strengthening the local air transport system is significant, and flights to different parts of the world on convenient and fast liners have largely become possible due to his role in this field’s development. Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum is the recognized leader of the Emirates’ airlines. He regularly expresses interest in the development of this sphere, investing in the improvement of this transport industry and cooperating with the world’s largest airlines. Sheikh’s participation in the development program has become one of the key factors that influenced the strengthening of the country’s aviation and the establishment of diplomatic and trade ties with partners. Sheikh’s Management Roles Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum is the head of the national Emirates Airlines. The corporation was founded in the 1980s and for several decades, under the leadership of the sheik, it has evolved from a small regional carrier with two leased planes to one of the world’s largest airlines with a fleet of more than fifty aircraft (Alkaabi 2014, p. 232). The business of Emirates steadily grows every year, constantly increasing the available capital and acquiring a large client base. Thus, there is a simple explanation for such intense growth. The airline’s top managers controlled by the sheik have developed the right marketing strategy and organized the network of routes in such a way that Emirates Airlines could fully enjoy the advantageous geographical location of its base Dubai airport and the availability of a rich clientele. Due to the fact that this large industrial and cultural center of the country is in demand as a tourist destination, the decision to strengthen the aviation sphere was unambiguously correct. Today, Emirates Airlines operates on several dozen routes, including the countries of Europe, Africa, and Asia (Ziadah 2018). Such success has become possible primarily due to the role of the Sheikh as the leader of the organization and his interest in innovations and constant improvement of the existing material base. The role of the Sheikh as an effective manager is significant since Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum regularly strives for improvement and takes part in various exhibitions of products of the aviation industry where he enters into agreements with partners to strengthen and modernize existing products (Albeshr & Ahmad 2015). The active participation of the manager in the functioning of the national corporation is the basis of its prosperity and growth, which is invariably expressed in customers’ approv
Introduction “ For Jewish historians Zionism is, of course, one of the pre-eminent facts — for most, it is the crucial issue — of Jewish life in the modern age, and it therefore engages their complete attention”. – (Hertzberg, 15). The ideas underlying the numerous institutions of Israel are not new to the idea of the Jewish state: that sees sovereignty as a tool for the solution of the Jewish crisis. National independence, as the defined means for solving the Jewish crisis, is an idea revealed in all the institutions of Israeli society and in the political construction of the Jewish state. Thus the rationale of Israel, embodied in its economic, cultural, as well as social institutions, comprise the following: to build up Hebrew as the national language; to take up mass immigration of Jews who cannot or do not wish to be located in other countries; to set up a community in Israel free from the social as well as cultural ills that in the past attended the Jewish position as a minority people dispersed all through the world; and to perform necessary transformations in social as well as economic distribution, create suitable socioeconomic institutions, and promote cultural changes necessary for the understanding of such a revolutionary program. In all these efforts, the original myths of Jewish independence–the will to declare the right as well as obtain the ability to control one’s own national destiny and freely express one’s own national individuality–is disguised, though with varying comprehensibility and in various forms (Shimoni, 81). Main text Israel is one of those modern societies whose early institutions were evidently shaped by an ideological movement. Israel is identical to other new states whose political institutions straightforwardly obtain from the nationalist movement that won their sovereignty. But additionally, a wide variety of economic, social, as well as cultural institutions of the new Jewish state were originally developed by the Zionist organization along with its associated bodies. In these respects, Zionism had a remarkable impact among nationalist movements. It must rather be compared to social revolutionary as well as radical reform movements. The Zionist movement and the rise of Israel are terrific exceptions. Jews did not face the common nationalist circumstances of being exploited in their own land by a foreign ruler, the national enemy, who infuriated all of them, whatever their category or kind, by the same agonizing contact to the point where they could focus their various hostilities in a single legend image. The Jewish people lived as a minority in many countries all over the world, among many diverse ruling nations as well as under different regimes. The oppressions they suffered were different in kind, varying from intense to barely visible and no single foe could reasonably be held accountable for all Jewish frustrations. Hence, when Jewish nationalism arose, rival beliefs did not surrender to it. They engaged instead in a sharp polemic through which their own po
Introduction Media plays a greater role in influencing people’s opinions about crime. The media have borne the brunt of a love-hate relationship with the populace as it has been criticized for either overstating or misrepresenting crime-related issues. It has been accused of biased and skewed reporting that impacts negatively on perception dispensation of justice. Others have always harbored a belief that the information that comes from the criminal justice system is always accurate. The question that pundits have always kept asking is ‘What if the information is false or What if what is perceived to be a dispensation of justice is indeed a miscarriage of justice?’ What might the public make of the justice system if such revelations were made? The available literature on the impacts of miscarriages of justice on individuals touches on psycho-material consequences on the victim and his or her family members. Social harms that accompany miscarriage of justice have also enjoyed considerable publicity. Individuals have suffered untold pain when they get punished for a crime they never committed. Many innocent people have entered the guilty plea just to spare their families the pain of having to spend more money in pursuit of justice. Individuals who have been wrongly convicted have gone through devastating traumatic experiences that cannot hitherto be undone by mere exoneration. After being acquitted, such people have had to contend with psychological problems not limited to personality changes and drug abuse. Wrongful conviction has enabled the actual perpetrators of crime to walk free. In such instances, the credibility of the institutions that are charged with the dispensation of justice has been brought into disrepute. This paper will focus on the negative impacts of a miscarriage of justice on individuals and society in general. Individuals and Public Consequences A number of victims of wrongful convictions normally appeal their cases. This causes untold suffering to the victims and their families because of the finances involved. Some have successfully managed to sue the state and subsequently compensated. However, this is not something to celebrate because it is the taxpayer’s money that is used in compensation. Such money can be used on some socially productive projects. A more serious social cost that accompanies miscarriage of justice is the loss of public trust in the criminal justice system. This is a cost that cannot be easily computed. Such notions may impact negatively on victims of wrongful conviction, members of minority races, and the poor. Some racial minorities in the United States have instead chosen to refer to
“Probably no other twentieth-century short story has called forth more attention than James Joyce’s “Araby”. Some universality of experience makes the story interesting to readers of all ages, for they respond instinctively to an experience that could have been their own.” (The Literary Link). It is instinctive in man’s nature to long for what he senses as the world’s lost spirituality. Through all the ages, man has believed that it is possible to seek and find a talisman that, if retrieved, will bring back this lost spirituality. In Araby, the development of theme resembles the archetypal myth of the quest for a holy talisman such as Sir Galahad’s quest for the Holy Grail, such as James Joyce’s looking for the lost light of the world through the experience of his youthful protagonist in his short story Araby. “James Joyce (1882 – 1941) was a writer and poet born and educated in Dublin, Ireland. Through Joyce spend his adult years in self-imposed exile in Europe, most of his work was based on life in Dublin. His education in theology and medicine and in the classical tradition under Jesuit direction made him exceptionally competent in languages. Joyce left Ireland in 1902 after his graduation from University College. He lived in Trieste until 1915, then in Zurich until 1920. The last third of his life was spent chiefly in Paris. The most widely-read of Joyce’s work is A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man” (Grolier Encyclopedia 1961: 29). Joyce had a talent for music. His skill in languages when joined with his sensitive musical ear produced some of the memorable literature of the 20 th century. He achieved his most notable effects by employing the use of symbols to transmit both single as well as complex ideas. By combining sounds and symbols, he was able to convey simultaneously different layers of both meanings and thought. As a narrative device, he often used the rapid flow of thoughts called “interior dialogue” or “stream of consciousness.” His prose is clear and straightforward in the cadences that are beautifully developed as in Ulysses a
Introduction DNA vaccines are the most common strategy used for AIDS vaccine development and many volunteers are currently undergoing DNA vaccines test. Other types of AIDS vaccines development strategy which exist but not widely used are: Recombinant Vector and Subunit Vaccines Development strategy. AIDS vaccines developments have been going on for many years through world major companies like Merck and Vagen receiving a lot of financial support from Governments and Non-governmental Organizations. It was hoped that AIDS vaccine would be available by the end of 1986 as announced by Margaret Heckler, the then United States Health and Human Services Secretary. 21 years down the line, there is still no sign of successful development of AIDS vaccine. Currently there are over 3000 volunteer world wide that are assisting in AIDS vaccine trials. Main text Many AIDS vaccine trail have in most cases put the volunteer at a risk of being infected with HIV. A pointing example is last fall’s test by Merck, which turned out to be a complete failure, leaving many volunteers more vulnerable to HIV infection. No conclusive reasons have been given yet by Merck why the vaccine failed. Such incidences are causing public out cry and many experts are calling for a time-out, until new strategies are discovered and put in place to put a check on the ever changing AIDS virus. According to Dr. Tony Fauci of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, “when the STEP trial failed, it caused all of us to drop back a few yard……..we’ve got to rethink these things” . So far there is no practical hope that ongoing AIDS vaccine development will produce tangible results, According to one of the leading AIDS vaccine expert Mr. Desrosiers, “There is no rational basis for believing that any of the products in the pipeline have any reasonable hope of being effective,” One thing that comes out very Cleary with Merck vaccine study is that the risk of getting HIV infection is high in those volunteer who have not been circumcised. The explanations given by AIDS researcher at Merck suggests that AIDS vaccine activates the white blood cells near the surface of the foreskin making them more susceptible to infections. As a result, future test will not involve those participants who are not circumcised to reduce the risks of infection among the volunteers. Conclusion The AIDS researching community must contend with the hard rea
Introduction Cold Stone Creamery refers to an ice cream company operating in America. Kahala Franchising Firm manages and owns the Cold Stone Company. Cold Stone Company became situated in Arizona at Scottsdale. Cold Stone Company mainly manufactures ice cream blended with butterfat. Cold Stone Company also makes various ice cream products like Shakes, Smoothies, Pies, Blended Iced Coffee, Sandwiches, and Ice Cream Cake. The firm co-brands the operation since 2008, to enhance its existence outside America. This paper examines the market segment, target market, and positioning statement of the Cold Stone Creamery. Market Target of the Cold Stone Company Grewal & Levy views that Cold Stone Company offers valuable life beyond ice cream products since it aims to make people joyous in life (2010). The company provides high-quality ice cream products. The firm provides entertainment reality to clients while trading its products. Customers expect to value high-quality customer services. This explains why clients become loyal to the products of Cold Stone Company. Cold Stone Company established one thousand, four hundred and fifty locations as its target market in the entire world. The biggest strength of the company lies in strategically store locations, which serve various customers in the whole world. The company exploits its new marketing strategies to enhance consumer awareness throughout its store locations. The company provides personalized service meant to allure customers. Every company’s store became situated in the high traffic regions that attract many customers. The Cold Stone targets adults who not only buy ice cream products for their use but also their kids. Market Segment Cold Stone Company forms its target market in segmented geographical locations. Cold Stone firm partners with other firms to improve their products and sales. In 2009, the company and Kraft Foods formed a partnership to rebrand their product of jell-O. “Jell-O flavors comprise of Vanilla, Chocolate, Banana and Butterscotch products” (Grewal & Levy, 2010). Cold Stone establishes ice cream flavor made of jell-O flavors. Jell-O acts as a flavor and pudding additive, which coagulates the ice cream. Grewal & Levy affirms that Cold Stone also partners with Tim Hortons, a Canadian coffee shop, to establish one hundred co-branded stores in America after victoriously testing two regions in Rhode Island (2010). The partnership enables Tim Hortons to perform its business transaction in America while enabling Cold Stone Company to operate in Canada. The most remarkable co-brand store became established in 2009 August, when Tim Hortons migrated to New York. Cold Stone Company began the testing market in the Canadian region in 2009 June. Grewal & Levy asserts that, in the Canadian territory, the company formed several co-branded stores in Hamilton, Oakville, Mississauga, Nova Scotia, Toronto Pickering, and Halifax (2010). Cold Stone Company also amalgamated with Soup Kitchen International and Rocky Mounta
The syllabus for world literature should be composed so that the studying of certain works of literature provide students with the understanding of literary, cultural and historic context of the period when they were written. Moreover, the earning of these works should develop students’ critical and analytical thinking. The study of every work of literature should start with the introduction in the époque when the work was written and its peculiarities. Students should be aware of the greatest writers who worked during this period and, if necessary, with manifests that give general idea about the aims and beliefs that the writers followed. The next step is to get acquainted with the biography of the author and what historical and cultural events influenced on the formation of his/her literary style. The final step is to focus on the textual study of a particular work of literature. The syllabus that includes such works as Ambrose Bierce “Chickamauga”, Tadeusz Borowski “Ladies and Gentlemen to the Gas Chamber”, Henrik Ibsen “Hedda Gabler”, and Anton Chekhov “The Lady with the Dog.” Should be aimed at providing students with understanding of different styles of writing of the 19 th century literature. Each of the writers is originated from different countries and each work is written in definite historical and cultural context. Thus, students will have a profound understanding of the literature of the 19 th century period from different perspectives. Ambrose Bierce “Chickamauga.” This work is devoted to the horrors of war and its psychological effect on the human soul. The work is important in context of developing pupils’ understanding of good and evil. It provides real information about personal drama that was not rare during was. It is important in psychological, cultural, historical and philosophical context. Tadeusz Borowski’s “Ladies and Gentlemen to the Gas Chamber” is another work of literature recognized as a masterpiece of world literature. It is one of the best works devoted to war. The story is passed on the author’s personal experience of living in the concentration camp. It presents real pictures of violence that took place at that time. The work is the exploration of people’s values. It is also very important in the historical context, as it is a record of true events. Students will be able to learn more about World War II, and the events that occurred in different countries. The author presents his own vision of the war and, in their turn, students will be able to formulate their personal opinion as well. Anton Chekhov’s “The Lady with the Dog.” Is one of his most famous works. It shows the relations between two people. However, it has a deep social context and perfectly shows the Russian society with its norms and beliefs. The work is a profound analysis of the human soul and contradictions of a person and society. Henrik Ibsen “Hedda Gabler”. It is a famous an
Introduction The arrival of the Internet has revolutionized the marketing space by changing the way businesses reach their potential clients. Specifically, the emergence of social media in 2003-2004 entrenched the concept of e-marketing, which continues to evolve and shape the marketing space. Today, almost all businesses around the world, regardless of the size or location, have digital footprints through the different available social media platforms. The common and popular platforms include Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram with several others competing for a space in a market dominated by the big four. Social media plays a central role in marketing given that over three billion users use the platforms every month. As a marketing tool, social media helps companies to create brand awareness by reaching out to millions of potential customers with their tailored messages. This aspect allows organizations to increase their customer base, build a reputation, create demand for their products, and ultimately increase revenues. Without social media, businesses would not remain relevant in the highly competitive fast-paced globalized market. In addition, social media is cost-effective because it is cheaper as compared to the traditional way of advertisement and marketing mainly through print media, radio, and television. This paper discusses Instagram as a useful e-marketing tool using the concepts of the marketing mix and PESTLE analysis. The Concept of Marketing Mix The marketing mix is a concept used by a business for strategic positioning to satisfy the target market’s needs and achieve its goals and objectives, especially to increase revenues and remain competitive. There are four critical elements, commonly known as the 4Ps – product, place, promotion, and price (Khan, 2014). Marketers focus on each element during designing a marketing strategy to manipulate it and create a mix that will ultimately attract customers and increase revenue. In essence, the success of any business depends largely on the effectiveness of the marketing mix created to create brand awareness. The first ‘P’ (Product) is the goods and services that companies offer to consumers. The common features associated with products include packaging, brand name, quality, warranties, and other attributes (Al Badi, 2015). The second ‘P’ (Price) is the amount of money that customers have to pay to get a product or service. The pricing approach depends on different factors depending on the nature of the product or service and the target market. This section focuses on place and promotion as key elements of the marketing mix. Place In marketing,