ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Toyota Premio is a sedan vehicle manufactured in Japan by Toyota Corporation. ( Toyota Motor Corporation Global Website 1). The vehicle is a fashionable and more comfortable sedan compared to the Toyota Allion. As such, the vehicle was purposefully designed to fill up the differences linking Toyota Corolla and Toyota Camry. The vehicle is deemed a merge of an executive car and a family car. Premio’s silvery accent and wooden trims offer the vehicle a very refined and stylish look. Compared to Toyota Alion, slight modifications exist on it’s head and tail lights ( Toyota Motor Corporation Global Website 1). Notably, Premio’s lights are more significant and cool. Premio’s dimensions are more similar to Alion’s features. The inside of this vehicle is entirely made out of robust plastic material. The interior’s material offers the vehicle an impression of an economical car. The vehicle is a product of the Toyota Corporation. The corporation is a leading Japanese automotive maker. Its headquarters is located at Aichi, Ja
Monetary policy During inflation, the economy overheats, as the aggregate demand surpasses the level of economic growth. Thereby, the central bank plays a major role in employing the monetary policy, which encourages more saving than spending (Barsky and Lutz 18). The most appropriate method is increasing interest rates, where, borrowing becomes very expensive, and people resolve to save instead of borrowing and spending money recklessly. Essentially, there is an increase in the opportunity cost of spending, and homeowners with mortgage find it too expensive to service their mortgage loans. With a decrease in borrowings, the real money supply in the economy reduces significantly. Companies also find it very expensive to borrow monies from banks, thus, they end up making very few investments. Moreover, when the interest rate is significantly high, the exchange rate increases, and the inflation pressures reduce. This reduces the demand for exports and makes imports slightly inexpensive. The situation becomes very difficult, as some businesses experience losses in some of their investment projects. The entire scenario leads to an aggregate decrease in demand, where, buyers barely have enough money to spend, and the sellers have to reduce the prices of their products to obtain customers. Monetary policy is very effective in keeping inflation under control, as long as the interest rates are high. Fiscal policy The fiscal policy targets the demand side, and its effects to the economy resemble those of the monetary policy. During inflation, the government aims at reducing the flow of money in the economy by increasing direct taxes to the citizens. This approach helps in reducing the amount of disposable income, as the citizens have to pay
Introduction The Mexican War refers to the armed conflict that arose between the United States and Mexico during the 19 th century. The conflict started when Mexico attacked the American troops that were stationed at the southern border of Texas in 1846. The confrontation came to an end when General Winfield Scott of the United States took over the Mexican City in 1847 leading to the signing of a peace treaty at Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. Apart from acknowledging the annexation of Texas by the Americans, Mexico gave up California and New Mexico to the United States. Just like any other historical event, the causes of the Mexican War are variedly explained (Feldman, 16). The Mexican War can be attributed to the dictatorial tendencies of the centralist government in Mexico which was opposed to the annexation of Texas by the United States. It has to be recognized that though Texas had made clear her intentions to establish an independent state, Mexico still laid claim on this territory which was regarded as one of her provinces (Feldman, 5; Fehrenbacher, 17). On the other hand, other scholars have argued that the Mexican War was provoked by the US through the annexation of Texas and establishing of an army station at the Rio Grande. In addition, it has been claimed that the US, under President James K. Polk, deliberately entered the war with Mexico with the aim of seizing California and the Southwest region. It is also believed that the war was sparked by Mexico failing to pay claims for losses that were incurred by the American citizens during the Mexicans War of Independence (Feldman, 19). It is true that the Mexican War resulted in the addition of large territories to the United States and that it led to the replacement of dictatorship in the Southwest and Texas. However, the annexation of other territories by the United States can be perceived in a negative light as a show of imperial tendencies of the US. This paper will review the diplomatic and military aspects of the events that led to the Mexican War, and present an argument that the Mexican War was indeed unjustified and only demonstrated the imperial tendencies of the US. The American Mexican War During the 1840s, the concept of ‘Manifest Destiny’ had taken root
Introduction Entrepreneurs are key innovators in creative destruction in the entire world. Even though they play essential roles in growing the economy, the process of acquiring sufficient access to capital to start and grow businesses remains their biggest challenge (Legge & Hindle 2004). In the U.K., for instance, the ability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurs to gain access to adequate financial support has remained a great challenge amidst the interventions of the government and other financial institutions. The tightening credit terms and the decrease in demand for products during the economic and financial crisis have been the main setbacks for SMEs and entrepreneurs in this century as these factors have affected the rates of cash flows (Kerr & Nanda 2009). The U.K. in a bid to counter these challenges, has set out policies that have assisted SMEs to gain access to favourable capital in order to start and grow their businesses. These policies have assisted in reducing financial constraints that have been perennial among entrepreneurs. For example, the EU has made financial assistance for SMEs top among its agendas. The report critically evaluates the issues that SMEs and entrepreneurs in the U.K. have been facing in raising finance. In addition, the report will analyse the extent at which public policies in the U.K. have handled the issues on financial access for entrepreneurs. For example, U.K., which is a member of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), has been working towards addressing the social, environmental and economic challenges that business enterprises are facing (OECD 2006). The organisation assists governments of member countries in designing policies that seek to address common issues that affect the business field. Issues Financial Market Development In analysing the issues facing SMEs in raising finance in U.K., the report first discusses the impacts of financial market development on entrepreneurs and how banks’ competition levels and credit market relate to SMEs’ abilities to gain access to adequate capital. The inter-bank competition has improved the allocative efficiency since capital can flow freely to promising projects hence yielding highest returns (Marlow & Patton 2005). Again, monopolist banks even subsidise their loans and charge favourable interest rates on their loans in order to remain operational in the market. Clearly, the competition has facilitated the provision of cheap credit to new projects thereby increasing SME start-ups. This aspect lies on the capitalism style of development where financial market developers believe that large proportion of economic growth comes from setting up of new firms and closing firms that are unproductive instead of intensive margins where firms can become more productive from the internal aspect. As a result, capital markets have found it tricky to fund the most promising SMEs given the cross-sectional differences (Carter & Jones-Evans 2000). This has made it impossible for new entrepreneurs to access adequate
Introduction Thurman John Rodgers, was the founder and CEO of Cypress Semiconductor firm. Cypress was established in 1982 with headquarters at Silicon Valley. It is among the top ten of the United States and proved to be an international firm, which has around 2000 employees. Cypress has production units and facilities all over the US, Philippines, Belgium, India and Ireland. They proved to be one of the competitors to gain in the semiconductor industry and have extended their commitments to their customers. The employees are very smart, tough, logically proved, loyal and they work hard to attain the objectives of the organisation. Cypress core values and morals have great impact to set the rules and duties of the particulars in the organisation. T. J. Rodgers, the President and the CEO of the Cypress semiconductor has his own way of thinking perspective that are likely to be more motivated and innovative in nature. He has developed a unique human resource system, which aims at innovation and cost effectiveness. He also identified the role of formal and social control in bringing innovation and change. HR system was designed in such a manner that both department and individual performances are evaluated regularly without any loophole. This unique HR system is helpful to the managers to monitor at all levels and can anticipate any problems and solve them without creating much problems in management and organisation. Some of the key inputs that marked the firm to be outstanding are people management, performance management and killer software. He has applied best of best strategies and no matter how difficult it is to be used. He is prompt in his way of strategies to apply in marketing and management. Human resource system Employees look for their jobs to provide friendships, family support, community and sense of identity that many have given up outside the work. With the dawn of human relations, management in the Cypress began to focus on intrinsic motivation in the belief that a fulfilled worker, not just a well-paid one, is most productive. It was at that point that employers started to focus on working conditions, workplace relationships and the value of a person’s work as a way of boosting job satisfaction and in turn productivity. Aim of the human resource planning is to manage the business effectively and efficiently. A manager needs to plan his human resource requirements to prepare for fresh demands in terms of numbers, skills and occupation groups in order to meet the increasing demands due to either business growth or expansion. Besides, even if none of the above happens within an ongoing organisation then there would be wastage, turnover, separations and promotions, leaving gaps that have to be filled in. Then the changing job requirements due to technological changes or the growing complexity of the business operations make differing demands on the number and the type of human resource required. Human resource planning helps to avoid the sudden disruption in production. It may indicate in advance shortages of particular types of personnel, if any, enabling the ma
Concrete Experience The main problem was that students were passive and indifferent during lessons. They did not master the required material and were behind schedule. Reflection This example shows that the degree to which information or skills are presented so that students can quickly learn them. Quality of instruction is primarily a product of the quality of the curriculum and of the lesson’s presentation itself. The degree to which the teacher makes sure that students are ready to learn a new lesson (that is, that they have the necessary skills and knowledge to learn it) but have not already learned the lesson. In other words, the level of instruction is appropriate when a lesson is neither too difficult nor too easy for students. Generalization Low motivation and poor academic achievements are typical problems for many classes and schools. Learning-oriented behaviour should be home-based reinforcement based on the provision of daily or weekly reports to parents on student behaviour. Another is group contingencies, in which the entire class or groups within the class are rewarded on the basis of the behaviour of the entire group. Forms of cooperative learning that have consistently increased student achievement have provided rewards to groups based
Introduction In this essay, I have used the concepts of the Asch’s experiment to explain how the power of peer pressure has influenced my life. How Peer Pressure has operated in My Life The emergence of social media platforms such as Facebook and twitter almost fascinated every youngster. Most of my peers registered with the social media networks. Numerously, they persuaded me to register with the social platforms to make more friends and share ideas. However, I did not opt to join any social network. Oddly, I compared the Facebook platform with traditional Facebook concepts that involved placement of several photos in an album. Many of my friends possessed Facebook and twitter accounts that they used to share photos and fun messages. Conclusion In conclusion, the behaviors of friends progressively influence our day-to-day decisions. Eventually, I was fascinated by the activities of my friends on social media. As a result, I decided to open both Facebook and twitter accounts. Today, communication via the social media has become a part of my life.
The political system of every country differs in some aspects from those of other countries. Some states are monarchies, some are parliamentary republics, other present the presidential republics or mixed, parliamentary-presidential or vice versa presidential-parliamentary republics. All these kinds of the political systems have their distinctive features. For example, monarchy is characterized with the king or queen being the head of the country and having the supreme or constitutionally limited power. Parliamentary republics give the whole amount of the power to the parliament, while presidential ones are those where the president is the highest level of the executive power. In the countries of the mixed type of the republic the powers are divided equally between the branches in order not to let any of them become dominant. Speaking about the political system of the United States of America we can distinguish one more type of the country’s organization – the federal republic. This means that the powers in the country are divided between the three branches – executive, legislative and judicial, and the President of the United States is considered to be the head of the country. At the same time he/she is the Commander-in-chief of the US armed forces. The second position after the President in the hierarchy is taken by the Vice President of the United States. This person is appointed by the Presidential candidate who got the majority of the votes and took the Presidential office according to certain interests that he or she pursuits. There is a joke that the position of the Vice President is the best one for a public person to take if he or she wants to go into obscurity and to be forgotten. These words characterize the significance of the position for the US citizens. Formally, the Vice-President is appointed as a person who will take the presidential office in case of the Presidents death, removal or resignation. But in fact Presidents never pay much attention to this function of their Vice Presidents. The main point that motivates this or that appointment of a Vice President is keeping of the balance between the political powers in the country. This means that the force that won the election needs to make some concessions to the party which failed in order to keep that balance. The examples of the appointments of such kind can be found throughout the US history. President Roosvellt, known as a liberal politician from New York, selected John Nance Garner, a Texan politician keeping to the conservative ideas. This helped to keep the balance geographical balance, as well as the balance between the liberals and conservatives in the same party. Another example is up-to-date, as George Bush appointed Dick Cheney to compensate his own lack of knowledge in the foreign affairs in which Mr. Cheney was a specialist (O’Connor, 298 – 299). According to other duties of the Vice President, he is the one who fulfills the functions of the President of the US Senate and the head of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). So, as we can
The choice of the topic was a meaningful part of the project as it preconditioned data collection and the use of specific articles. The given issue is interesting for me, which means that I am highly motivated to acquire improved outcomes. Additionally, I remember a discussion about this very issue and its significance for the modern sphere of education. For this reason, I think that this topic is both relevant and important at the same time, which makes it attractive to me. Purpose, Background, and Importance   * Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate whether parental involvement plays a role in elementary school student achievement   * Background: Parent involvement a vital component in early childhood education that should be given the highest level of attention by educators with the primary goal to achieve acceptable grades   * Importance: Parent involvement has been shown to play a crucial factor in elementary school student learning. If parents are not involved, whether at home or in school, the student’s academics achievement is affected. This study investigates the importance of this aspect and its impact on outcomes During the course, we learned about the importance of these aspects for any project as they predetermine its outcomes. Speaking about the purpose, background, and importance, I should say that all these elements are vital and should be given specific attention. However, for me, the importance of the study becomes the major motivator to work on it and collect information related to parent involvement as the factor promoting better results. Lara, L., & Saracostti, M. (2019). Effect of parental involvement on children’s academic achievement in Chile. Frontiers in Psychology, 10 , 1464.   * Purpose: To analyze the correlation between parental involvement in school and children’s academic successes.   * Research question: Whether there is an association between different levels of parental involvement and children’s achievements in school.   * Approach: Qualitative. I found this article trying to collect information about the correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement. Regardless of the fact that investigators use Chile as the setting for their study, I think results remain applicable to other countries because of the universal character of the problem and the prior purpose of this article. I also found this paper a relevant and appropriate source of credible information related to the topic under investigation. Participants, Settings, Measures   * Participants: 498 parents or guardians whose children attended second and third grades in 16 public elementary schools in Chile.   * Settings: Elementary schools in Chile.   * Measures: Five scales proposed by Hover-Dempsey and Sandler to measure the level of parent involvement and its impact on children academic successes in selected schools and grades I like that researchers use several scales to measure the level of parent involvement and how it can impact children and their successes. I think it is a good way to collect credible information related to the issue and conclude about the problems associa
Manic-depressive disorder or bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by radical and unprecedented emotional changes. These mood changes swing from depressive lows to manic highs. People inflicted by this disorder generally encounter alternating episodes of depression and mania (Collingwood, 2010, Para. 2). National institute of mental health reported in 1991 that, in just the US alone, two million persons suffer from manic-depressive disorder causing the US to incur an expense of about $45 billion annually in diagnosis and subsequent treatment process. Unfortunately, the disorder’s diagnosis proves difficult due to the sophisticated nature of the disorder. Consequently, More often than not, the diagnosis experiences a delay of several years (Steger & Kashdan, 2009, p.299). In the light of the quantification of repercussions of the disorder in monetary terms, its effects on individual or personal development and socialization remain worth noting. Socialization and Some Normal Socialization Processes Socialization entangles an active participation and being part of other people. Socialization is a process associated with some ardent steps that one must take to ensure that other people develop substantial trust in him/her so that they can confide in him/her. The other way round should also hold true for any group of people considered socially right. Some of the normal social behaviors include hanging out with friends, calling them up, joining similar or same clubs with friends among others (Elgie & Morselli, 2007, p.145). This way, individuals can work actively towards some common goals and objectives, as spelt out by the membership groups to which they belong. The desire to socialize originates from an individual intrinsically. Therefore, for the socialization process to take place, one must make personal decisions to identify oneself with a certain group. This can come through starting interactions with family members or even friends. Initiation of interactions is achievable for instance through inviting other people for chats, party or any other way of spending time together. One can also create personal profiles in social networks or join other hobby social networks. Participating in civic, religious, service and all sorts of community forums or even making personal introductions as much as possible to new neighbors and new people in general are all crucial catalysts of fostering socialization processes. Human development The word development is employed to describe some aspects of biological, physical, social and cognitive capacities growth throughout the entire human life. The scientific approach in human development attempts to unveil the reasons as to why people change throughout their life (Martin, 2010, Para. 11). The topic is important to many subjects such as anthropology, biology, history, education, psychology and more importantly, for this case health among others. Underst