ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: background and context of the problem   * Even in today’s world and in a country like the United States, around 44 million people are still uninsured.   * So, who are the uninsured? Less than 15% of the uninsured are children.   * Majority comprise of working families who cannot afford health insurance expenses.   * These includes the immigrants and the minorities as well. Importance/relevance and extent of the problem   * 44 million Americans are currently uninsured and 60 million are uninsured for either all or part of the year.   * Many of these people have had health insurance but due to massive lay offs, pay cuts, loss of jobs and inflation, can no longer afford health insurance.   * Annual expenditure on the uninsured was calculated to be $125 billion according to Hadley & Holahan.   * When the government is required to pay for the uninsured, it can only do so to a certain extent because it has a limit to the subsidy it can allot to healthcare expenditure. Evolution (history, current aspects)   * The history of people being uninsured in the US is directly linked with its causes.   * Immigrants that come in have little or no money and take up low paying jobs and cannot afford health insurance.   * It is also reported that the economic downturn has played a major role in the numbers of the uninsured.   * Experts say that with an inflation rate of just 1%, the population increase in the uninsured segment has increased by 1.1 million.   * A major 56% of the uninsured population is uninsured because of the lack of finances to afford it. Environmental, social, and economic influences   * Economic:       + The uninsured statistics are significantly affected by economic forces among many.       + Families with a household income of less than $30,000 are 4.5 times more likely to not have health insurance than families in the household income bracket of over $60,000.   * Social:       + The biggest social factor affecting the issue is the issue of race and ethnicity       + Studies showed that Asian citizens of the US had a higher percentage of people without health insurance.       + Most of these people little education and could not speak fluent English.       + This forms a communication barrier and restricts access to facilities. Administrative/managerial, legal, ethical, financial implications.   * Administrative:       + The biggest concern is the reformation of healthcare policies and redirection of federal funds.       + Discount fee negotiation with healthcare providers is a necessity because the growing number of uninsured people is mainly due to financial issues   * Managerial:       + Healthcare organizations are promoting the benefits of insurance by highlighting the negatives of not having insurance and communicating the benefits of insurance   * Financial:       + Around 15% of the US GDP is s
Introduction The concept of child development is quite crucial in the life of children and adults. During this process, children grasp ideas, emotions and attitude, which end up shaping their character as they advance into the youths’ stage and later into adulthood. It therefore follows that the company of these children matters a lot in determining their understanding of the world at an early age. Since children are mostly under full care of parents, this class of people play a significant and irreplaceable role in their children’s life. In other words, the manner in which children are brought up is usually reflected into their different stages of development (Littlefield & Cook, 2009). There is no doubt that parents have a right to get involved into the lives of their children on daily basis. However, research indicates that parents’ overindulgence in their children’s lives affects them negatively. This research explores a controversial issue that has recently attracted the attention of people in the field of child development. The concept of Helicopter parents has become a topic of discussion in recent years, encompassing a wide range of views from different parts of the world. In synthesizing this topic, the research will cover an array of issues that revolve around child development and parenting. For better understanding, the initial segments will lay the foundation of the paper by giving background information, definitions and origin. The paper will further analyze the impact of helicopter parenting in terms of long-term and short-term effects of this approach of rearing children. Additionally, the research will explore the benefits of helicopter parents together with alternative and workable options to be considered in bringing up children holistically. To achieve this task, relevant information will be sourced from credible and authentic primary research articles. Helicopter parents The term “helicopter parents” is arguably one of the terms gaining popularity in the corridors of learning institutions in the world today. More colleges and high schools are making use of this term to describe a species of parents that is cropping up. What does this term mean? Borrowed from the literal meaning of a helicopter, helicopter parents hover around their children, paying close attention to problems or experiences in their children’s education (Littlefield & Cook, 2009). They are seen to be on the lookout, to threaten their sons and daughters’ happiness or success at school or even university. In the event of a problem, such parents are usually available to save the situation and ensure that the issue is solved amicably on behalf of the child. The issue of helicopter has become common in the recen
There is hardly a person who is not disturbed by the events of the financial world. The series of the financial crises, which had taken place not so long ago, shook the society. What were the reasons for the events, which had affected the crises? Is it possible to find the solution and to avoid them? Niall Ferguson tries to give the answers to these questions in his book The Ascent of Money . The book, after its publication, became the target of the criticism of many economists. They view the content of the book with a grain of salt, calling the financial examples and schemes proposed by Ferguson to be simplified. He is criticized for the passion for money, which is the subject of his research, and for the submissiveness of a capital. From that follows, that Ferguson has succeeded in the creation of the book, which has sparked the public outcry. This book is worth reading. The Ascent of Money is not in a full manner the scientific research. Ferguson tells the history of finance in a popular manner, fascinating and serious at the same time. For what purpose is it necessary to know the financial history? The answer is – in order not to repeat its mistakes. By Ferguson, the main purpose of the historian is to relieve humanity from the financial illusions on the examples of the past. The problem is not in the fact that in the world of capitalism, somebody wins and somebody loses. Ferguson is conscious of the economic basis of financial history. The key point here is globalization. The author reminded us that the world had already come through one capitalistic globalization, which had been connected with the increasing of the living standards. The basis for it was the British Empire and the symbiosis between London, which was the financial capital of the word, and Germany with its dynamic developing economy. For example, the major part of the German commercial ships was covered by the insurance in England. Only several days of World War I was required to destroy the world commerce and to collapse the financial markets for several decades. The basis for the contemporary globalization is the partnership between the largest debtor in the world and the largest creditor of it. That is between the USA and China. Fergusons cautions that the political tension between these countries may destroy the so-called Chimerica, which is the financial chimera connecting the USA and China. It may lead to the difficult consequences. At the end of his book, Ferguson frightens the reader with the war. The finance for Ferguson is one of the branches of the economy, the same as the textile manufacture or the IT technologies. Without money and the financial instruments, we would not be able to afford the existing living standards. For the history of the humanity the financial innovation is of the same importance as the in
This memorandum presents a survey to analyze the labor price estimates for the repair center. This can be estimated in various ways based on past data. It will be necessary to first break down different charges. Cost-volume or stepwise evaluation is treated as a variable charge but it depends on the situation where it is being performed. Step-wise fee is fixed and stays the same for a limited array of volumes. However, the curvilinear cost differs with time (Wild and Shaw 59). There are multiple considerations that need to be made. In a normal situation in the industry, some shops would perform faster than others meaning they are ahead of the curve while others are slow and charge more. It will be unethical to lean on increasing billable hours. The fact is that people will be more than willing to pay for services that are completed timely and with precise results. This is the reason why people prefer dealers to road-side mechanics. In the underlying analysis, the data required is only for the specific location. However, it will lack adequate industry comparisons since it will give time consumption for that shop only. I would divide it into jobs such as maintenance, including a tire rotation, oil changes, and routine services for direct labor analysis. For primary services, jobs to be considered would include engine overhaul and transmission replacement. It will also be essential to break it down from job type to the time taken to complete and the equipment’s required. In most cases, when automotive surveys are conducted, each job has an average time depending on the tools used. For instance, where manual instruments are used, much time is spent compared to automated apparatuses. Therefore, it will be essential to look for overall job completion average-time for the slowest and fastest jobs due to various tools. This way, it will determine how the specific section can be improved. Work Cited Wild, John J., and Ken W. Shaw. Fundamental Accounting Principles . 25th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2019.
The most efficient and famous expertise to desalinate seawater along with brackish water is reverse osmosis. This results in a lower cost of water production since energy consumption is leveled to minimum ranges. Desalination occurs in the fouling membrane systems. The biofouling of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes is widely regarded as the most important area for future research (Australia: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population, and Communities, 2013). Diverse membrane applications are yet to be tested in seawater desalination. The desalination capacity, especially in the U.S.A., for the municipal water supply ranges to two-thirds. All these procedures are carried out by the industries and more is to be done to advance the technologies. One of the processes is fouling. Membrane fouling occurs as a result of the accretion of substances on/in/or near the membrane. This accretion can lead to a decline in water production for steady pressure operations over time. Another process linked to desalination is scaling, which occurs when dissolved materials increase salt concentration on the feedwater side of the membrane. This continues till when the solubility of the salt is exceeded in the reject water and at long last, precipitation occurs (Ettouney, 2013). Scaling also occurs in high-pressure membranes as well as nanofiltration. The desalination that occurs through scaling can be managed through feedwater monitoring, which is usually alleviated with both chemical and physical pretreatment. Another type of fouling that occurs as a desalination process is referred to as colloidal or particulate fouling. The process is a result of water permeating through membranes that have suspended materials. This finally leads to a membrane flux (Kucera, 2013). Biological fouling is also a desalination component that should be considered. It is the most challenging in RO membrane separation processes. Some of the chemicals that are introduced into the treatment process of biological fouling include impure acids and phosphate-based scale inhibitors. Organic fouling is also another membrane fouling that occurs through the adsorption of organic matter onto the membrane surface. Organic fouling leads to irreversible fouling since the removal of substances is hard once it is absorbed. The process of desalination involves processes like antiscalants where chemicals are added before membrane separation to reduce the precipitation of sparingly soluble salts. In desalination applications, the potential for microbial growth from the application of phosphonate and carboxylate is still under research (Enayatollahi, 2013). More so, during desalination, the process is carried out in a way similar to the treatment of drinking water. The red tiles are highly destructive when marine algae rapidly increase in concentration. The blooms found in the process can adversely add to the turbidity of seawater. If this does not occur, the release of organic material could be a major problem. The harmful algal blooms are widely known for the harmful results
Introduction The likelihood that any civilization of the world could die is very high in societies today (Tainter 1990:38). However, many people still believe that modern societies possess immunity to such occurrences primarily due to its enhanced scientific and technological capacities as well as the benefits it derives from advanced knowledge of economics and history (Tainter, 1990: 38). These believes are however lacking in solid base due to the tendency to embrace the assertion that collapse of civilizations is possible in the present time as it was in the past. Evidence of the collapse of Aztec, Inca and Maya communities in Southern America are clear examples of how societies collapse in the world. These societies collapsed leaving behind traces of highly established cities and rich culture abandoned while the society survivors were condemned back to semi primitive modes of living back in the jungle. However, it has been argued that some of these examples are a representation of change and assimilation of civilizations rather than actual collapse of complex societies. The lowland classic Maya (300-900 AD) is an example of a collapsed society that have behind legacies manifested in traces of temples and cities ruins lying in the jungle (Tainter, 1990: 40). The Aztec (900 AD-1520) and the Incas (400AD-1532) (Shneck and Strohi, 1995: 6) are examples of civilizations present in Southern America and form among the greatest civilization of the world at their time (Shneck & Strohi, 1995: 8). The Maya established cities such as Copan, Tikal, and Piedras Negras among others. On the other hand Aztecs were wanderers until they established their capital city Tenochtitlan while the Inca settled at the Andes Mountains (Shneck & Strohi, 1995: 8). The fall of Incas and Aztec demonstrates the effects of crisis situation to civilizations whereby societies lack adaptation mechanism on occurrence of a crisis leading to rapid collapse of civilizations. The fall of the Maya on the other hand demonstrate a gradual process of decline of a civilization which is highly influenced by internal and external factors prevailing at
Introduction Air Arabia is a public joint-stock company (PJSC) based in the United Arab Emirates. The company was founded in 2003 and incorporated in 2007 (“Air Arabia PJSC”, 2018). Air Arabia is the largest low-cost carrier in the Middle Eastern region, operating flights to and from North Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The present paper will present a strategic audit report on Air Arabia PJSC, focusing on the key environmental factors influencing the company’s development and proposing strategies for future growth. Current Situation Current Performance Air Arabia had a stable performance in the 2017 fiscal year. The company’s return on investment was about 5%, which is a fairly safe figure for the airline industry. The market share increased in 2017 due to the company lowering flight prices to prevent market share from declining. The company also achieved excellent results in terms of profitability, as the profits grew from 508,768,000 AED in 2016 to 662,322,000 AED in 2017 (KMPG, 2018). Overall, the company’s current performance is good, which allows it to consider critical developing opportunities and strategies for future growth. Strategic Posture The company’s mission, objectives, strategies, and policies are clearly stated in its annual reports and investor presentations, as well as other official publications. The organization operates in the travel business, as it is relevant to the company’s mission. Air Arabia’s mission is to “To revolutionize air travel in the region through an innovative business approach offering superb value for money and safe, reliable operation” (Air Arabia, 2018, p. 3). Corporate objectives are to build motivated and multi-functional teams, whereas functional objectives are to demonstrate high standards of operations and effectively manage costs (Air Arabia, 2018). Lastly, the business objectives of the company are to increase profitability and maintain low fares (Air Arabia, 2018). The objectives are consistent with one another and serve to achieve the company’s mission. They are also relevant to the company’s environment and the industry in which it operates. The two principal strategies of the organization are to remain competitive and cost-effective and to expand its operations to new destinations and regions. These strategies are relevant to the company’s mission, objectives, and environment. Moreover, they target the two main aspects of airline development. On the one hand, they help the company to maintain its position in the current market. On the other hand, they assist Air Arabia in expanding into new markets. Policies followed by the company include a strict code of ethics and conduct, a whistleblowing policy, as well as a policy for corporate social and environmental responsibility (Air Arabia, 2018). T
The recommendation by the IMF for Guidia to embrace deeper globalization aims at increasing the economic opportunities of the country. The IMF believes that Guidia will have an increased volume of trade, more foreign direct investment, and greater transfer of knowledge if it pursues deeper globalization. The basis of this recommendation is the view held by development economists from the IMF based on the belief that globalization can improve the economic fortunes of any country. Research into this subject does not support a universal positive outcome for countries that embrace globalization. This paper reviews the specific economic circumstances of Guidia in order to determine whether it will benefit or lose from deeper globalization. What is Globalization? The term globalization normally refers to the sum total of several forces that are shaping the relationships of nations across the world. It includes political issues, social and economic relationships, and cultural interaction among the peoples of the world. There is no consensus on when globalization started. Some scholars pin the origin of globalization to the departure of Columbus to the Americas, while others prefer to associate it with the colonial era during the industrial revolution. Others prefer to look at it as the technology driven changes of the latter half of the twentieth century. For purposes of this report, globalization refers to the current forces shaping global relationships. The recommendation of the IMF to Guidia to pursue deeper globalization assumes this meaning. In this sense, this report will investigate the actual circumstances of Guidia in relation to its political, social, cultural, and economic realities through a PESTLE analysis. While the IMF offered its recommendation to Guidia to improve the performance of the economy of the country, deeper globalization will precipitate several other changes. In the political scene, globalization creates a greater desire for political space by the citizens of any country. Depending on the political system in use in the country, globalization can lead to either political instability or political maturity. If the government does not want to become more accountable to its citizens, then globalization can precipitate political instability. Economically, deeper globalization can create opportunities for profit by meeting the demands of the international market. The IMF foresees this situation for Guidia. Becoming a player in the international market will ensure that Guidia harnesses its competitive advantages as a country on order to enjoy the benefits of international trade. However, deeper globalization can also lead to deeper exposure of the country to shocks. Events in far off countries that trade with Guidia will have an
The most pressing need of most communities is public health, especially healthy food and nutrition. Having good and nutritious food requires a collective responsibility, and soliciting this type of effort from the community is difficult. The public health status of several communities, especially those from low-class neighborhoods, has been deteriorating a lot because of the lack of proper meals. Poor nutrition has several adverse effects on community members, including reduced life expectancy, increased prevalence of diseases, and low levels of development in the affected communities. Working in a food bank has given me insight into the nutritional needs that malnourished patients and other patients suffering from other diseases need. Malnourished people often need all the required supplements that make a meal balanced. This includes but is not limited to starch-rich foods, foods with carbohydrates and lastly, not to forget vitamins. With the increasing expenses in the non-governmental organizations and no income with little donations, volunteers have helped feel a big gap where a lot of money would have been spent to hire workers. The availability of volunteers will help the food banks offer vital services search as scouting for the vulnerable in a community and aligning those needs with those of the food bank. When it reaches time for giving food, volunteers are at the forefront; they help offer these services free of charge, thus offering a big relief to the organizations. The first thing I can do as a coordinator is to start two major campaigns. The first campaign is wooing more volunteers to come and help the community reach its goals of having a good public health status. The second campaign would be about educating the community on the importance of good public health. The implications of proper nutrition and a balanced diet to future nursing practice are that one will look at their health from the following perspectives and perfect on them. The three perspectives include health as an asset, a social system and a lifestyle with reference made to nutrition and a balanced diet.