ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Lady Justice has defeated the silver Chinese dragon. This is the end of the story and the beginning took place a long time ago when a silver Chinese dragon harried villages of farmers. Once there lived a beautiful girl in one of the villages under the power of a silver Chinese dragon. She was as beautiful as the moon in the cloudless sky, like the sun on a rainy day. The girl was underage and her beauty was flourishing every day. Every inhabitant of that village, a young unmarried man and an aged man, wanted to have such a wife. Her talents were numerous and her feelings were stable. In addition, she was considered to be unprejudiced and her decisions were well-grounded. She could see the truth in the eyes of people. Moreover, she was in love; the feeling was so strong and overwhelming that the girl could resist all hardships including the silver Chinese dragon. The dragon lived in the woods, as the legend told, in the deep dark cave. He was so powerful that not a soul could defeat him. He could make people do everything he wanted. He once came into the village where the beautiful girl lived with her family and a young man she was in love with. The dragon wanted to deceive her and to prove that she was not always right. The first time the dragon appeared in the village disguised as an old man. He asked the beautiful girl to let him drink some water as he was very thirsty. The girl saw that he was lying in his eyes and turned him out of the house. The next time the dragon appeared disguised as a little orphan whose parents were killed by the dragon. The beauti
Belief in the sinfulness of man is an essential element in the work of many writers. This understanding of the imperfect and fallen man weighs heavily on Hawthorne’s writings. Many compositions of authorship, including The Scarlet Letter, reflect a keen and insightful sense of morality. Despite the many pieces of evidence of virtue, they look paltry compared to the description of weaknesses in the main character of the story, Dimmesdale. Hawthorne (2016) states that beneath his outward appearance of goodness, there is glaring sin. For Hawthorne, evil works against the nature of good in man and society, and vice is most obviously embodied in man. Nevertheless, the author does not hide the fact that at some point in his life, this villainous character was once another person, worthy and capable of goodness and mercy. Thus, Hawthorne believes that human nature is capable of going both ways. He sees human nature as flawed and equally capable of sin and hatred, but also great love. The author believes in repentance and subsequent atonement after the transgression. Despite describing the imperfections of human nature, Hawthorne displays a positive outlook. The author argues that all people are worthy of redemption, even if they do not seek it. A prime example is Chillingworth’s descriptions from The Scarlet Letter. At the beginning of the story, this hero appears to the reader as a modest nature and claims that it is he who is to blame for Hester’s moral failure, declaring: “It was my folly!” and “Mine was the first wrong” (Hawthorne 467). Chillingworth has not yet and will never become downright evil because although he is partially responsible for the destruction of Dimmesdale, he bequeaths Pearl’s money and property that is not blood to him. These expressions of humility and generosity indicate that it is still good in Chillingworth. Thus, Hawthorne puts into his characters the idea that people, despite all their imperfections, can show kindness, do good deeds, and change. Work Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. “The Scarlet Letter.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 9th ed., edited by Robert S. Levine, Michael A. Elliott, and Sandra M. Gustafson, 2016, pp. 451-569.
Introduction Slavery and racism in the US led to the emergence of various African American stereotypes, which were used in media, marketing, cartoons, and even in the decoration of household items. The most prevalent stereotypical imagery of African Americans was the mammy, coon, sambo, pickaninny, and uncle Tom. This paper will explore this imagery and parallel it to the stereotypes related to the depiction of ethnic white immigrants. It will also discuss the long-lasting impacts of African-American imagery and the way it appears in modern media, marketing, and movies. Main body African-American imagery is perfectly described in the documentary Ethnic Notions , directed by Marlon Riggs. According to the film, the mammy was depicted as “fat, pitch-black, and happily obedient to her master and mistress,” and she was “an antithesis of the white lady” (Riggs). This stereotype served as the defense of slavery since it represented a Black woman happy with her enslaved status and finding her value to society in serving her masters. Male stereotypes were numerous, but most of them depicted African-American men as idle. The coon was depicted as a lazy Black man unhappy with his slavery status but unwilling to change anything (Knight 8). The sambo resembled the coon in his laziness but was happy with his life situation, “reveling in the easy pleasures of food, dance, and song” (Riggs). These two stereotypes defended slavery in different ways: the coon was “proof of blacks’ ludicrous failure to adapt to freedom,” and the sambo was “the fantasy of happy darkies in their proper place” (Riggs). Uncle Tom can be considered a male equivalent of the mammy since he was depicted as a “faithful, obedient, and happy domestic servant” (Knight 9). He differs from the coon and the sambo since he is happy to work for his masters. Stereotypical imagery existed not only for African-American men and women but also for children. Black children were depicted as savages: they had large red lips, uncombed hair, and dirt all over their bodies (Knight 10). They were portrayed “hanging from trees, crawling on the ground or by the river, partially clothed or even nude” (Knight 10). A frequent attribute of pictures of African-American children was their eating of large pieces of watermelon. This animal-like imagery of African-American children was called pickaninny, and it was necessary to justify white people’s violence against them. Not only African-American people were subject to stereotypical imagery in the US. Ethnic while immigrants were also depicted in a derogatory way. Cartoons created in the 19 th century portray immigrants as unwanted, destitute, and criminal individuals who threatened America. The cartoon “Where the Blame Lies” clearly shows Amer
Introduction This scenario provides uncertainty facing the XYZ Health insurance regarding the effects of adding the cost of premiums as a result of increasing standard of living because of recession and some risk factors that affects the amount of premiums that needs to be paid. In order for the XYZ Health to determine the most reasonable increase that will be appropriate in order to avoid making the insured patients seek alternative medical options, it will be of essence for XYZ Health to use statistical analysis to determine the most appropriate premium additions that will aid in the decision making process. The major aim of this analysis is thus to give reasonable estimates of using statistical tools based on the given data and other external factors to determine the most appropriate premium amount in dollars that will be reasonable for the XYZ Health to add without affection the decision making process of the insured people. Confidence level based on the mean, median and the standard deviation using SPSS will be appropriate in this case (Cooper, 2008). Probability concepts During the investigation of XYZ’s health insurance scheme, we looked at various methods of sampling data to come up with conclusive results to use in decision making. Various probability concepts could be used in this scenario, however we narrowed them down to these methods; confidence intervals, point estimates and Poisson distribution. The probability concepts can be discussed as; the use of point estimates is applicable when it’s used to analyze a single numb
Introduction Our company, ABC Corporation has recently designed a very useful and fascinated new type of USB which would be very helpful for all the people, especially students. The main audiences we have targeted are College students who have daily stakes of work that are piled up on their shoulders. Students in a College Computer Programming Class The students studying in college are usually very busy and have very little time to copy every lecture and save it in small diskettes or floppies. Not every single computer supports floppy anymore. Our USB would be very appropriate for such students because it is loaded with features like password protection for data security, has enormous data space of 150 GB, is small in size of about 4 inches in length and 22mm in width. In advance, it has a data recovery option in case of USB corruption. It also saves the deleted files in its minor side chip so that if any file is accidentally deleted, the student could retrieve it easily. New Incoming Students during the College General Orientation New college students coming for the orientation classes are usually unaware of how much work they would be getting in the college and how much they would be able to cover in college and at home. So this USB device will help them to write while taking orientation classes, save those documents, and then re-study the notes at home. This will save the burden of carrying heavy books and stationery for the students. Press Release for the Local Newspaper ABC Corporation has come up with an answer to the students’ problem. This solution will not only lessen the burden of carrying heavy stationery but also will reduce the risk of losing data which almost every student suffers from. ABC Corporation has designed a unique USB Flash Drive that is cost-effective, can copy around 150 GB of data, Macromedia files, songs, and educational videos. It is loaded with a user password login safety feature and keeps track of all the data with its unique search option. This device has a data recovery option that wou
Introduction to Cloud Computing Cloud computing is an internet based service that allows clients to use external IT resources from cloud service providers (Mitchell, 2012). Cloud services are available as public, private or partner services:   * Public: Available on the open internet;   * Private: Existing on Private Virtual Networks;   * Partner : Based on relationships between the Provider and the client. The Concept of Cloud Computing Internet   * Mobile;   * PC;   * PDA/Phones;   * Cloud Provider:       + SaaS;       + PaaS;       + IaaS. Forms of Cloud Computing  1. SAAS (Software as a Service e.g. Gmail) The service provider owns the software and the reproduction rights. The users subscribe to the services.  2. PAAS (Platform as a Service e.g. Google Apps) The service provider allows users to develop software on their cloud platform. The client does not own the platform.  3. IAAS (Infrastructure as a Service) The service provider rents hardware such as servers to clients. Top Reasons for Cloud computing Need for robust Enterprise Resource Management ( ERM ) systems that can function beyond the reach of the company’s network. The cloud allows company employees to access information for decision making from a distributed network. Need for better data security and enhanced data availability to support spatial operations. Cloud service providers can commit resources to data security better than what a company can do internally. The need to cut back on IT infrastructure costs. Accessing services via the cloud eliminates the need to pay for software licenses or the need to buy storage infrastructure. Benefits of Cloud Computing  1. Lower operational costs caused by elimination or reduction of IT infrastructure costs. The cloud service providers invest in the infrastructure needed to operate the cloud services.  2. Improved access to information from multiple access points. This comes from the global access to the cloud through the internet. Employees in remote locations can share information with the headquarters in real time.  3. Better data security based on the security protocols developed by the cloud service provider. Data security is not the main business of any company.  4. Lower cost of entry for small businesses that cannot afford high-end data processing on their own.  5. Flexible storage space based on provider capacity and not company resources. In case of increasing demand, the company does not need to invest in more IT infrastructure. Rather, the company upgrades its subscription to the cloud services.  6. Ease of scalability because the company does not need to invest in software licenses to improve capacity. Whenever the cloud service provider increases operational capacity, the company enjoys the expanded services at little or no cost.  7. More opportunities for automation . The company can automate more services such as
Introduction The nineteenth century was a time of great change in American history. The political environment was being redesigned and defined during Andrew Jackson’s presidency. There was exploitation and inhabitation in the west of America and these were facilitated by the revolution in market and transportation. The great religious revolution swept across the nation during the mid-eighteen hundred. Within the 1820s and 1840s, in the Matthias Kingdom, there occurred one of the hundreds of odd religious activities that happened all over the United States. To know fully the causes of Matthias’ odd religious activities the larger religious framework must be known. Main Body The authors, therefore, describe Robert Matthias as a man who participated in a religious mission to discover the right religion, while struggling with the amendments all over society. Understanding Robert Matthias and his supporters help to know how influential the religious movements of that period were, as well as how larger transformations in the society were affected. Matthias kingdom was therefore fully system of patriarchal which power was inherited down from father to son (Butler 76). There was an extensive northern movement in the 1820s and 1840s headed by Charles Finney of evangelical preachers and progressive theologies infusing the middle classes of the society. Finney argued that just an individual’s voluntary activities would certify a person’s salvation or not and that an individual was not fated to a virtuous or life full of sin. Finney developed religion to be more achievable and clearer for both those looking for religion and those who are guided by their religions. Charles evangelized a religion in which women and men shared a huge degree of sameness both in the church and in prayer, as well as their functions domestically, which were designed at changing the patriarchal Calvinist principles. For Finney and all generations and supporters, a better degree of individual responsibility and personal improvement was essential for a person to achieve salvation (Johnson and Wilentz 153). Finney called for the person’s free utilize of the will to develop an individual, as well as other persons. This can be compared to the movement of national populist and self-confident politicians, fo
Introduction The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security agency of the United States whose primary role is to enforce federal laws and enhance national security. It operates under the jurisdiction of the Department of Justice and its main roles include counterterrorism, criminal investigations, and counterintelligence. The head of the agency reports directly to the Attorney General as well as the Director of National Intelligence. The FBI is authorized to conduct investigations in more than 200 categories of crimes under the United States law. The FBI is a domestic agency and operates primarily within the United States. However, it also operates offices in its embassies across the world to improve collaborations with foreign security services. Background Prior to the establishment of the FBI, the role of providing intelligence to security agencies was fulfilled by the National Bureau of Criminal Identification. The idea of an investigative agency that would report directly to the Attorney General (AG) sprung after the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901. The assassination was perceived as a threat to the stability and prosperity of the US. President Theodore Roosevelt ordered Attorney General Bonaparte to establish an independent investigative service in order to avert the perceived threats from anarchists. The Attorney General requested security personnel from various agencies in the country. Some of the founding members came from the Secret Service. In 1908, Congress opposed the move by the Justice Department to take Treasury employees and argued that the new agency would morph into a clandestine police department. This did not deter Roosevelt from attaining his objective. He further directed Bonaparte to establish a Bureau of Investigation in compliance with the laws of the United States. Prior to the formation of the FBI, the AG lacked qualified personnel to conduct investigations and as a result, relied on information collected by security agencies to make legal decisions involving criminal cases. Creation of the FBI The FBI was created in 1908 under the tenure of Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte who issued an Order for the creation of an investigative agency. The agency was established during a period when Congress had adjourned for the summer break. Bonaparte hired thirty-four people who had extensive experience in matters of security to work for the agency that was being established to conduct investigations within the United States (Pliley, 2014). The AG recommended that the new agency become a part of the Department of Justice. The Attorney General wrote to Congress notifying them of the newly-formed agency five months after its establishment. After its establishments, the FBI’s main task was investigating the house of prostitution (Pliley, 2014). The investigations were conducted in preparation for the enforcement of the Mann Act (Pliley, 2014). The Mann Act il
Ecological problem is one of the most important issues nowadays. Human activities have a negative impact on the environment. Humanity currently faces problems with air, water, and lands pollution, unreasonable agricultural systems, deforestation, and others. As a result, the number of available natural resources is decreasing. Another negative consequence of human activities is the process of global warming and global climate changes. These changes affect the whole Earth and might result in adverse consequences for people and wild nature (“The Consequences of Climate Change”). Therefore, it is obvious that the situation should be improved. Probably, everybody asks oneself what he or she personally could do to improve the ecological situation. After all, the main source of pollution is the industry sector. However, we all belong to humanity and make our small impact on the environment. And we all could make the situation slightly better. Our daily habits have both positive and negative long-term consequences for the world we live in. It is important to understand to plan our life and our activities. As far as my family and I are concerned, we performed several steps to reduce the negative impact on the environment. First of all, we all try to save clean water. We always remember to turn off our taps. We do not keep the water running when we brush teeth or wash something. Saving clean water is very important for the environment. The problem of clean water availability, probably, is one of the most pressing. No living creature can survive without clean water. Fewer sources we use, more of them remain for the future generation. Another important action we perform to improve the situation with water is avoiding water pollution. Our family refused to use cleaning detergents with phosphates as it is known that these substances are harmful to human health. Moreover, it is difficult to eliminate these compounds from water. Therefore, phosphates in the water get to nature and poison living organisms. Thus, it is better to use detergents without phosphates. It helps to keep the healthy and to reduce water pollution. Except for water pollution, there are a lot of other problems that need to be solved. One of them is waste deposits. These deposits occupy a large area. Different wastes need different (however, always significant) times to decompose. Besides, while decomposing, a lot of harmful compounds appear. These compounds poison the land and can get to the water. In the last decades, a lot of programs of waste separation appeared. People are asked to separate the waste: to combine plastic with plastic, organic with organic, and paper with paper. Different wastes are treated in different ways, which allows cutting pollution. For example, plastic can be remolded and used again, while it requires hundreds of years for its degradation in nature. Moreover, during this process, a lot of harmful products release (Law and Thompson 144). Thus, it is better to separate plastic material and recycle it. It would be even better not to use plastic at all, and when it is possible, try to use biopolymers instead. It is important to understand that small steps are