ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Studies have found that cultural influences either shape or ruin opportunities for women to participate in sports. Cultural influences have undermined women’s capabilities to engage in sports. In the contemporary society, the participation of women in sports is one of the major areas of focus for women empowerment thereby making more women to seek knowledge regarding sports. Some of the factors identified in literature to contribute towards disengagement of women in sports include social norms, family, religion, male dominance, and dress codes. Purpose of study The major purpose of this study is to investigate whether cultural diversity in women influences their participation in sports. The study is focused on identifying the cultural aspects that influence women thereby making recommendation on sporting policies to incorporate the needs of women. Literature review Several cultural and structural factors act as obstacles to women participation in sports and sporting events. First, parents and family members have shown reluctance in encouraging women to participate in sports. This can be attributed to the traditional ways of living that prohibit women from taking parts in sporting events. Still from the family perspective, there have been instances of cultural disparities in orienting women to sporting activities because women’s participation in sporting events has not been a common phenomenon. Another factor that has played a lesser role in eliminating the participation of women in sporting events is the lack of strategic leadership in educational institutions. Physical education leaders have failed to design an equal motivation system that encourages equal participation of men and women in sports and sporting events. Social barriers are also other form of cultural barriers that have impeded the development of women participation sports. For instance, gender obligations define the roles of women in the community and as well, in sporting events. Access to specific sporting events is limited when it comes to the participation of women. T
Introduction This paper is aimed at identifying a plan and strategy for the enforcement of the Michigan non-smoking law that has recently been signed by the governor of this state. This strategy needs to address political, legal, and economic factors which may affect the outcome of this program. Furthermore, it is necessary to take into consideration various compliance variables such as clarity of rules, the attitude of enforcers, the behavior of regulated parties, etc (Harrington & Carter, 2008, p 257). The prohibition of smoking in public areas has long been one of the major concerns for policy-makers and administrative officials, because mere adoption of the smoking bans is insufficient in itself, and governmental agencies should ensure that everyone complies with them. Due to various reasons not all attempts of the state succeeded in achieving this goal. The development of the strategy The major steps to be taken As Christine Harrington and Lief Carter (2008, p 267) argue one of the most significant compliance variables is the clarity of rules which must accurately explain who are the subjects of this law, what are the responsibilities of the parties, and what are possible sanctions. This is why law enforcement agencies should notify the owners of private and public institutions about the recent amendment to the state legislation. In this case, there are several organizations, answerable for this task: Michigan Department of Community Health and local health departments. It is advisable that they provide private businesses with specific instructions concerning the application of this law and fines that can be imposed in default of compliance. The main purpose of governmental agencies is to make sure that there is no way to evade the new rules or misinterpret them. This will lay the ground for the successful outcome of the program. Another obstacle, which should be surmounted, is the reluctance or inability of law enforcers, themselves to perform their duties (Harrington & Carter, 2009, p 267). It should be taken into consideration that local health departments may not have sufficient resources to see to this task as they may be understaffed. Certainly, these officials do want to stop smoking in public areas but they may have other issues to address. This is why it is vital for the authorities to give them some financial assistance so that their employees could monitor bars, restaurants, and other institutions which are liable to the non-smoking law. This strategy will leave practically no leeway for the violation of the smoking ban. At least, this possibility will be reduced to a minimum. The authorities should also take into consideration the role of beneficiaries, in other words, the non-smoking visitors of restaurants, bars, etc. The thing is that they will also acquire certain rights when this law will take effect. For instance, they will be able to file a complaint or even issue a suit against a “food service establishment” or other institution which allows smoking in enclosed areas (the State of Michigan, 2009). Thus, their rights must be clearly articulated to them. In this way, the government may gain the support o
Company overview The real estate market is considered to be one of the most important of the United States economy. The fact that the last financial crisis has a strong component from this sector serves as an argument on this behalf. The company we are going to analyze, MSN Real Estate is an enterprise that is involved in numerous aspects of the industry. Primary experience and expertise is in the development of high-quality, lower cost living for students and professionals seeking the most up-to-date technologically advanced living environment. An area of intense training and attention is the importance of strong customer service. The first property purchased by the company is a 40-unit apartment building on the corner of Hilyard and 14th in Eugene. It is relatively close to the University, so will be easily rented to capacity nine months out of the year. For the remaining three months, the price of rent will be reduced and we will aim to remain at 60% capacity (“Company Summary”, par. 1). MSN Real Estate will be created as a Limited Liability Corporation based out of Portland, Oregon. It will be owned by its principal investors, Shawn Menashe and Nathan Koach. Shawn Menashe is the acting CEO and holds a 40% stake in the company. Nathan Koach is the acting CFO and holds a 40% share of the company as well. The other 20% is held by silent investors. area of Portland, Oregon. This will be the heart of our company, with satellite locations in Beaverton and Eugene, Oregon. We are also installing an in-house Internet server and 24-hour answering service so that all customer or business communications are dealt with in an expedient and fluid manner. Within any living development with more than 32 units a representative of the company will be located (“Company Overview”, par. 4). S.W.O.T analysis Strength The market segmentation and target groups that the company has is probably the most important strength factor. At this stage the company has three main target groups, the primary of which is of students of the University of Oregon. These group of potential customers have been growing at a fantastic rate of almost 7% per year rising the opportunities to 18,000 potential customers for the company (“Executive Summary”, par. 2). Mathematically the actual rate of growth means that in a decade or so the potential customer number will double in size. The second target group is the young professionals who are growing at a rate of 4% per year and the third target group are the administrative and academic staff of the university who have been growing at a rate of around 5% per year. As we can see the potential customer target groups for the business are it main strength. Combine this to the fact that the competition is offering poor quality units. Another strength factor is the management strategy of offering to this three target groups the necessary facilities for their work and study within the rent of the houses. And finally, another strength factor is the fact that they have been planning a cautious financial policy. The company has planned to have a financial growth main
Despite the development of technology and legal principles, critical issues such as famine, forced prostitution, and women’s powerlessness still shake the world. These problems become more notable during wars and economic crises, making the good and the great stoop to any methods that guarantee ghostly stability. The Apology , directed by Tiffany Hsiung in 2016, is devoted to one example of such political moves, the creation of comfort stations in Japanese colonies during the Second World War. The film demonstrates three women’s efforts made for demanding legal reparations, increase social awareness, and cope with unforgettable memories – the activities that, to some extent, keep them alive. The documentary being discussed focuses on the experiences of three women, the survivors of military sexual slavery in China, South Korea, and the Republic of the Philippines. These people’s eye-opening stories seem even more shocking if the scale of the problem is considered – at least two hundred thousand women in Asia were forced into prostitution during wartime (Hsiung). Comfort women, the euphemistic term for sex slaves, were poor people from Asian countries occupied due to the rise of Nazism in Japan (Hsiung). People in Japan were recognized as Honorary Aryans (the status given by the German Nazis), which shaped their understanding of the less significant role of other Asians. Considering its neighbors as expendable materials, the country committed a great number of war crimes, including the introduction of chongsindae practices discussed in the film. The survivors’ stories are different in details but share a lot of common features in terms of consequences for the psychological health and the degree of publicity. Adela, Gil, and Cao nicknamed “grandmas,” use various strategies to cope with their hard memories. Grandma Gil regularly attends the so-called Wednesday Demonstration near the Japanese Embassy in South Korea and manages to stay strong in spite of her health issues (Hsiung). Grandma Cao, a former Chinese comfort woman, lives in a rural area and finds harmony in household chores and being independent of her daughter. Grandma Adela was forced into prostitution in 1942, she is an active member of the Lola Kampanera Group, a support group for sexual slavery survivors (Hsiung). Thus, women with similar experiences choose various coping methods. Without exaggeration, the Apology reveals the existing problems of former comfort women and the transnational negative experiences of any women who have been raped. For instance, Grandma Adela is afraid of telling her family about her past experiences – to conceal the truth, she has to lie that she is just a supporter, not a former slave (Hsiung). It is demonstrated in many cases that militarism and colonialism are inherent in the unjust distribution of power, economic inequality, and the exploitation of the poor (Sarah Soh 113). During the last decades of the nineteenth century, militarization in Japan reached its peak, and the demand for comfort women dramatically increased in the country and its colonies because of the Sino- and Russo-Japanese Wars (Sarah Soh 113). According to Sarah Soh, th
Introduction The writing of Joyce Carol Oates is known for its mesmerizingly dark and disturbing themes that the author addresses without any hesitation. Often bordering on the public definition of acceptable, Oates’ novels allow dissecting the human nature and revealing the darkness hidden underneath a seemingly cheerful interior of being well-adjusted. By using metaphors as the key literary devices to imbue her stories with new meanings, Oates manages to represent certain objects in a rather gloomy and mysterious light, thus hinting on the theme of evil hiding under the guise of the ordinary. Methodology: Literary Device Analysis In order to explore the themes that Oates raises in Dis Mem Ber , as well as the tools that she uses to convey the specified themes, the literary device analysis was utilized. Specifically, the novel was dissected and explored to locate the devices and tools that Oates used to convey her main ideas. In addition, the meaning that each of the devices conveyed and the notions that it established were analyzed. Thus, the intrinsic connection between the themes and the devices that were used to purport them was established. Findings and Discussion: Literary Devices and Themes Adopting the literary device analysis, one will realize that Oates has incorporated a range of techniques into her writing in order to depict the evil and violence of the ordinary. The very first chapter of the book sets the mood for the rest of the novel, creating an atmosphere of unease and tension. The literary devices such as metaphor, simile, pun, and symbolism are evidently utilized to foreshadow the horrifying events that will unfold later and, thus serve as the tools for expressing the banality of evil and violence. Metaphors are, perhaps, the most common tools that Oates incorporates in her novel to depict the evil and violence of the modern society. The author incorporates a vast array of metaphorical expressions that serve the purpose of exploring the omnipresent evil and violence in the modern society. For instance, the turquoise necklace that the mother of Jill, the protagonist, receives as a gift from Rowan Billiet, the main antagonist, seems to be a rather innocent gift. However, afterward, it is explained that the necklace has strings of hair in it (Oates 63). Thus, the necklace becomes a metaphor for abuse, violence, and evil that lurks under the guise of attention and affection. In addition, Oates uses foreshadowi
Introduction Over the past five decades, there has been an impressive evolution that has triggered an intense debate on human rights. Economic justice is an issue that was first proclaimed by the UN General Assembly, when they made a Universal declaration on Human Rights. This was an awareness that was made publicly as it necessitated the need to defend and execute human rights, an issue that had remarkably grown. There is however some hidden powers both, political and economic which thwarts the process of exercising human rights around the world. Nevertheless, some organizational bodies such as religious groups have shown tremendous efforts in the process of building consciousness that ensures that economic justice is endorsed, defended, and improved where possible. Since the formation of Amnesty International in 1955,
Need to write an old media vs. new media essay? Find here an A+ example! It studies the evolution of traditional to new media, explains how Internet has replaced newspapers, and gives examples. Introduction Lots of people are now talking about new media as opposed to old or traditional media. However, there is still some uncertainty as regards the distinction between new and old media. Flew (2008) notes that the idea of ‘newness’ is rather subjective and relative as television and the Internet have become accessible almost simultaneously in such countries as India or China. Other researchers suggest a particular distinction between new and old media based on the use of the Internet and digital technology (Salman et al., 2011). Noteworthy, researchers agree that the distinction between the two types of media is less important than the convergence of these types (Collins, 2013). It is possible to state that the three standpoints are correct to a certain extent and it is possible to combine them. Thus, the distinction between old and new media is a bit blurred but still meaningful even though the two types of media are likely to converge into the third type. Traditional Media vs. New Media Despite close connection between the two types of media, it is possible to draw the distinction between them. Logan (2010, p. 4) claims that new media “incorporate two-way communication” and are associated with computing (e.g. the Internet, social networks), while old media do not require computing (radio, print newspapers, TV). This standpoint can be easily illustrated. Thus, newspapers and television are rather one-way sources of information. Viewers do not often participate in the creation of the programs. Admittedly, there are call-ins but the amount of participation is still irrelevant. When it comes to newspapers, they are not created by the readers. Each piece of news is told by a journalist. Readers can only write letters or call the newspaper and it is the editor who decides whether to add the commentary to the next issue or not. However, it is necessary to note that at the era of newspapers and television there was no need in such two-way channels. People strived for news and they simply wanted to be aware of the latest events in the world. Remarkably, people of the twenty-first century seek for networking and they want to feel connected. Boyd and Ellison (2008) stress that networking has become very popular as people feel certain empowerment. Thus, online resources are characterized by the immediate feedback (Ryan, 2010). Users post their commentaries and express their opinions on a variety of issues (Newman, 2011). Moreover, people affect media’s agendas, so-to-speak. Jenkins (2006) mentions the story of a teenager who unintentionally caused the start of anti-American demonstrations and almost caused legal actions against himself. Int
Introduction The casino industry has experienced unprecedented growth during the nineteen nineties especially in cities such as Nevada, New Jersey and Atlantic City. This growth was enacted by the latter cities in the hope that there might be economic independence and growth in those areas. However, there is overwhelming research and statistics to indicted the contrary. The details shall be examined below. Opening a casino in Cleveland can degrade the economic strength of the city If Cleveland were to open a casino, then chances are that it would follow the same economic route that other casino towns have followed. For instance, a case study carried out by Professor Goodman in South Dakota found that the more casinos there were in this City, the lower the number of clothing stores, service stations, auto dealers and business services. The latter findings were also supported by studies carried out by Timothy Ryan in New Orleans. He claimed that there were approximately sixty two million dollars lost from all of the latter mentioned businesses. In the City of Atlanta, it was found that there were heightened cases of homelessness in these areas. Besides that casinos also diminished the amount of revenues entering restaurants and retail stores. (Wolf par 34) Most casino supporters tend to overemphasize the positive effects while setting aside the negatives that may emanate from such ventures. The truth of the matter is that there are a series of social and economic problems that can come out of such ventures and it can therefore be said that the same effects would enter Cleveland as a whole. A casino in Cleveland would eventually affect the taxpayer because he has to bear the brunt. Experts assert that the ratio of tax contributions compared to revenues earned is 3:1. The latter declarations were made for the City of Florida and they can also be transferred to the City of Cleveland. In fact, it was asserted that the following areas begin reflecting these changes;   * High infrastructural costs   * Heightened social welfare expenditure   * Criminal justice costs   * Higher regulatory costs If the City of Cleveland were to begin opening up a casino, then it would begin unbolting up a vicious cycle in high gambling centers would increase in this city. This means that it would become like other cities of the nations that have been controlled by casinos. A state such as Florida has been controlled by casinos through the political contributions that they have carried out in this state. Aside from that, they have also possessed the ability to change the way the State deals with its taxes and also its economic policies. The city of Cleveland would therefore loose control of its policies if it were to allow establishment of casinos. (Wolf par 48) There are a number of social welfare costs that could emanate out of such a venture. It is a known fact that wher
Strategy Summary Promoting a new brand product is not an easy task, since the process is associated with a range of risks. First and foremost, by putting numerous resources at stake, the company risks taking huge financial losses. In addition, deprived of proper financing, other departments of the organization may begin to malfunction. Therefore, the costs must be reduced to a minimum, which is why the promotion via social network seems a legitimate solution (O’Guinn, Allen, Semenik &Scheinbaum, 2014). By using social networks as the placement for its advertisements, Topshop will be able to attract a range of customers. Value Proposition The new brand product promoted by the company immediately catches the eye not only because of the unique design but also because of its properties, particularly, durability and comfort – the qualities that have become the trademark of the brand products of Topshop over the years of the company’s operations. Clients have been waiting for years that children will have an opportunity to enjoy the same combination of classiness and comfort that Topshop products provide, and now their dreams have come true – the modest colors, the comfortable experience, and the reasonable pricing strategy will help the buyers realize that Topshop’s new brand is the product that their children deserve. Segmentation Strategy/Target Consumers There is no need to stress that the new product designed by the company is targeted primarily at attracting the attention of parents and their children. Therefore, the segmentation process will involve age distribution (i.e., shoes for toddlers, product for young children (aged 3–5), shoes for children aged 5–7, products for children of 8–10 years, shoes for older children (10–12) and shoes for teenagers (13–16)). It would be wrong to claim that the specified categories have something to do with shoe size – instead, the target groups in question define the marketing principles that the product will be promoted with (i.e., the use of specific imagery attractive for the age groups in question, etc.). Intended Positioning The company positions the new brand product as the one that may not reinvent people’s perception of what shoes for children must be designed like, but clearly has a range of advantages to offer, such as complete comfort in wearing the shoes, outstanding quality that presupposes a very long shelf life and a high endurance threshold, and an adequate pricing strategy, which includes discounts for the buyers of the company’s other products, including the shoes for adults. In other words, Topshop positions the new brand as desirable and advantageous rather than indispensable. Marketing Mix Product The company is going to launch a new line of footwear for children. This stands in sharp contrast to the fact that the goods previously created by the firm were shoes for adults. Price As it has been stress