ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Despite a notable place among the philosophers of the 19th century, Karl Marx’s ideas still bear a hint of controversy. One of the reasons why the figure of Karl Marx is so controversial is that, unlike many other philosophies that promoted a change in economic, political, and social structure, the historical circumstances allowed his ideas to be practically implemented to a certain extent. Therefore, it is important to explore the reasons why Marxist ideology became so widespread in the context of Karl Mark’s relation to it. Also, the objective is to identify whether Karl Marx’s ideas or their interpretations were the reasons for controversy. One of the first things that are important in estimating Karl Marx’s economic philosophy is that he never actually participated in the practice of creating communist states. Therefore, it would be unreasonable to judge the ideas and conceptions suggested by Karl Marx based on historical examples such as Mao’s doctrine or the USSR under Lenin and Stalin. Karl Marx’s philosophical thoughts and ideas contributed to a variety of disciplines. He was a philosopher and economists from Germany, but his works resonated in many spheres of human knowledge, and the practical implementation of his ideas was attempted in many major countries[ 1 ]. Karl Marx’s most famous ideas concern the concepts of labor and class struggle. Being one of Hegel’s disciples, Karl Marx reworked the methodological basis created by his teacher and used his version of the dialectics method to define the idea of human nature at the different stages of the development of society[ 2 ]. In such a way, regardless of approval or disapproval of Karl Marx’s ideas, it is important to understand that some of the influences that his works caused were a result of the scale and angle at which the philosopher decided to view individuals, classes, and society. Thus, it is also important to point out the fact that one of the reasons for the widespread of Karl Marx’s ideology or elements of his studies is that there was no alternative of a similar scale for the revolutionized societies. In the moment of critical change, the most stable asset for a revolutionized society is to bring both some structural elements and an idea that is grander than some personal goals[ 3 ]. In such a way, the Marxist ideology managed to combine both, which resulted in its success. The structural aspect of ideology included the concept of the materialist conception of history. In other words, it is an atheistic interpretation of the progress of human society with a division into certain stages of societal development. Of course, Marx admits that there are some differences in the way various national and regional societies developed, and to which extend different societal stages or phenomena manifested themselves in a particular time or space, but, in a grander scheme of things, according to Marx, there are more similarities rather than differences. For example, the stage of ancient society with such a phenomenon as slave ownership reached different degrees across the world. However, on a
School-aged children and obesity amongst school-aged children Stigler et al. (2011) conducted a research study aimed at measuring obesity amongst school-aged adolescence in India (p.105-110). The research participants included 1818 students in the tenth and eighth-grade attendance Indian government and private schools. The study findings indicate that in the school-aged children sample, the BMI median and mean were 18.4 and 19.16 kg/m 2 . Compared to the eighth-grade school-aged children, the tenth-grade children revealed high BMI of 18.54 against 19.42. Government schools children reported lower BMI compared to private schools children, that is, 17.63 against 20.44. The results also indicated that school-aged boys had lower body mass index of 18.77 compared to 19.42 reported by school-aged girls. Using the Indian, WHO, and the international obesity task force growth references, the obesity incidence amongst school-aged children materialized was found to be 5.01%, 4.95%, and 3.25% correspondingly. Peltzer and Pengpid conducted as a study aimed at evaluating fatness and overweight among school going kids (p.3859–3870). The researchers studied obesity, overweight and other related factors amongst school teenagers in low revenue generating Uganda and Ghana nations. The research study incorporated school going adolescents aged between 13 and 15 years while the study sample contained 5,613 pupils. The multivariable and bivariate study scrutinized the correlation amid obesity, psychosomatic aspects, corporeal actions, use of the substance, and nutritional behavior. The determination of obesity and overweight prevalence amongst school-aged adolescents accrued from the children body mass index. The findings showed the obesity or overweight prevalence of 3.20% and 10.4% in school-aged boys and girls. However, obesity amongst adolescent boys and girls found in the Uganda and Ghana schools was just 0.50% and 0.90% correspondingly. Nasreddine et al. (2009) conducted a cross-sectional research analysis on the prevalence of obesity and overweight amongst school going kids found in the Mediterranean nation, Syria (p.404-413). The study in Syria aimed at unveiling the obesity predominance besides evaluating the covariates and issues related to overweight amongst young kids. The research was carried out using high school students whose ages ranged from fifteen to eighteen years. The study sample comprised of 776 school-aged children in Damascus. The obesity and overweight prevalence rates were projected at 8.60% and 18.90%. Fatness and overweight resulted from a high rate of consuming saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates. The possibility of obesity was superior among subjects reporting the history of family obesity while obesity was prevalent amongst school-aged boys compared to girls. Increase in both parental educational attainments consistently augmented the probabilities of obesity amid teenagers reporting lower crowding indexes. A research study was conducted by Al-Isa in Kuwait to appraise the obesity and overweight echelons amongst pubertal students aged ten t
Introduction The given paper presents a PICOT analysis of the interconnection between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. These diseases are interconnected and extremely widespread all over the population. The PICOT format helps to formulate a researchable question and to find a clear answer. In the paper, such aspects will be analyzed as an evidence-based solution, nursing practice and intervention, patient care, and healthcare agency. The Problem Obesity is a quite serious disease, as it affects a large number of people and leads to a wide range of other health problems. It is characterized by World Health Organization (2017) as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation presenting a health risk. According to Fruh (2017), more than one-third of the US population has an increased body mass index. The disease leads to several pathological conditions and can worsen the outcomes of existing ones. As for the diseases that are linked with obesity, it influences the cardiovascular system in several ways. Diabetes is one of the most widespread conditions caused by increased body mass. According to Boles et al. (2017), every six seconds one person dies of diabetes. This disease led to 1.5 million people dying in 2012. About 415 million people are suffering from diabetes all over the world. If a person’s body mass index is 25% or higher, the risk of diabetes increases (Boles et al.,2017). Persons suffering from obesity also have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and their manifestations. For example, Piché et al. (2020) list such obesity-associated conditions as artery disease, heart failure, angina, sudden cardiac death, and myocardial infarction. Koliaky et al. (2019) enumerate several local and systematic cardiovascular problems related to obesity. They are abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension, hypoxia, pro-thrombotic state, metabolism problems, and others. Cancer is also included in the list of diseases that are associated with obesity. According to Avgerinos et al. (2019), in women, the risk of cancer, especially postmenopausal breast one, decreases with intentionally lost weight. Increased body mass index is also associated with a higher risk of cancer, especially colorectal, pancreatic, endometrial, ovarian, gallbladder (in women), and esophageal carcinoma (Avgerinos et al., 2019). PICOT Statement In patients with a body mass index increased more than 25% (P), there is a risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer (I) which is increased in comparison with people that have normal body weight (C) and decreases with intended body loss (O). Setting, Solution, Intervention, Care, and Nursing Practice The nurses should tell their patients about the risks connected with obesity. As long as th
Introduction Censorship refers to the act of controlling the flow of information, opinions, and ideas in the society. This is mainly achieved through the suppression of speech, books, films, music, and other forms of public communication, which are considered harmful, objectionable, and problematic. Censorship is construed in this paper as infringement into civil liberties. The concept of civil liberties can be defined as certain privileges that are given to the citizens in order to exercise of their freedoms and rights. Various states have a varying composition of what entails the civil liberties (Curtis 51). In the United States, human rights are commonly referred to as civil liberties, in reference to known political rights and freedoms that those eligible to participate in political process enjoy. In the US, the First Amendment guarantees the freedom of expression; it is one of the main democratic rights and freedoms. However, freedom of expression is not absolute in most countries because it is normally subjected to limitations, which prohibit individuals from expressing sedition, obscenity, slander, and libel. For example, conveying information that incites ethnic hatred is prohibited in most countries despite the existence of freedom of expression (Zeno-Zencovich 302). The UN declaration of human rights under article 19 recognizes freedom of expression as a fundamental human right. In some instances, freedom of expression has been legally limited whenever it is found to bring religious offenses. For example, in Britain, the Racial, and Religious Hatred Act of 2006 limits expressions that is defamatory on racial and religious lines (Zeno-Zencovich 302). This paper will thus, compare censorship in the modern society and several years ago. This will entail exploring the civil liberties in various countries. Censorship in the Historic Times and Censorship in the Modern Society Freedom of expression is the cornerstone of democracy that allows it to work, and enable members of the public to participate in decision-making. Without freedom of expression, citizens can never exercise their right to participate in decision-making processes, as well as vote if they cannot access information and ideas, as they are not given the freedom to express their views (Zeno-Zencovich 160). If freedom of expression is violated, mostly likely other freedoms like freedom of assembly and association will also be violated. In the US, the First Amendment that protects the freedom of expression is not only limited to speech, rallies, newspaper, and books, but it also protects symbolic speech like non-verbal expressions that have intent of communicating ideas (Zeno-Zencovic 303). Civil liberties faced varied pressure during the Civil War, the Quasi-War, World War I, Wor
Terms   * Acculturation: cultural change; the result of the culture of birth and new culture interacting (Kelly, 2016).   * Phenomenology: theoretical framework/approach to inquiry; centers around the investigation of lived experiences (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, 2011).   * Transitioning: a process; moving from one status to another (Blackburn, 2016; Kelly, 2016).   * Abbreviations: military-to-civilian transitioning (MCT); migrant transitioning (MT; from living in one’s country of birth to living in the new country)   * Veteran Migrants (VMs): former service members who stay in the country they served, which is different from their country of origin (Chishti, Rose, & Yale-Loehr, 2019). Discussing terms and abbreviations. Significance: Attempts to Determine the Numbers of Latino VMs For the chosen topic, discussing the problem is rather difficult because its scope is almost impossible to determine. Indeed, the number of VMs cannot be stated because it seems that there is no official information about them. The number of non-native-born American military members was estimated at around 3% of the Army in 2019 (“Total available active military manpower,” 2019). In 2016, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (n.d.) reported that in Hawaii, as well as the US, roughly 7% of the military members were Hispanic. It can be suggested that 3% of those could be Latino VMs, which would make the number 254 for Hawaii and slightly over 44,000 for the US. However, this supposition requires multiple assumptions. For example, one has to assume that the 3% observation applies to all groups within the military, even though minority service members might be more likely to be non-native-born than white service members. Similarly, one has to assume that the 3% number also applies equally to all states, including Hawaii. Moreover, 3% is the number for non-native-born active members who were operating in 2019, but the veteran statistics refer to the veterans who may have been released years ago when this number did not apply. Finally, the data are only available for Hispanics, not Latinos. However, in the absence of more specific data, these estimations will have to be used. They show that the number of VMs, especially Latino VMs, is probably not very large when viewed from the perspective of the US population, but it is still likely to amount to thousands of people in the US and hundreds in individual states. Significance and Scientific Premise   * Veterans and migrants: vulnerable populations; difficult transitioning:       + Problems acquiring housing, jobs, and healthcare (US Department of Veterans Affairs [DVA], 2018; Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe [OSCE], 2018).       + Acculturation (Blackburn, 2016; Kelly, 2016).   * VM: double transition (MCT, MT) and interactions between MCT and MT:       + Example: MT is associated with socialization deficit (Benton & Embiricos, 2019); socialization facilitates MCT (Hachey, Sudom, Sweet, MacLean, & VanTil, 2016). Furthermore, the fact that veterans and migrants go through difficu
Mercury poisoning is possible in modern realities if the family unit of society earns and feeds on fishing, since it is a natural element found in fish and shellfish. Industrial pollution of natural water sources can also cause poisoning. One can also get a highly hazardous dose of mercury directly in the workplace. Finally, up to 2 grams of mercury is contained in old-fashioned glass thermometers. Direct contact of the human body with mercury is already potentially highly toxic. If a person inhales air containing no more than 0.25mg / m³ of mercury vapor, the chemical element is retained in the lungs. If the content of the element is higher, the poisoning passes directly through clean skin. The degree of poisoning is determined by analyzing the amount of compound in the blood and hair (Branco et al., 2017). Mercury poisoning is extremely painful for humans, including the possibility of death after a week of severe damage to the digestive and nervous system. There are different forms of mercury: elemental, also known as metallic, inorganic, resulting from harmful industrial production. The third type is organic methylmercury, found in some shellfish and fish. Ethylmercury is significantly less toxic, has a different effect on the body, and is even used as a preservative in the manufacture of vaccines. Knowledge of the toxicity of this compound is fundamentally important for caution in industrial work that exposes a high risk of poisoning and requires the utmost adherence to safety precautions. Any household appliance that contains mercury must be disposed of with careful, instructed disposal. It is necessary to be aware of all the harm of this substance and to imagine all the grave consequences of poisoning both for oneself and for others. Reference Branco, V., et al. (2017). Biomarkers of mercury toxicity: Past, present, and future trends. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 20 (3), 119-154. Web.
Marketing involves planned activities designed to promote and improve the sale of different goods and services. Increasing sales and maintaining equilibrium between suppliers and consumers require a detailed market analysis to identify the product’s potential and new customers (Saidali et al., 2019). Therefore, marketing strategies and plans commence after identifying the target audience. The sale of fast foods in Cuba is less than demand since the larger population consumes pizza and spaghetti more frequently compared to other foods sold in different hotels. Therefore, it creates a market gap which requires a solution towards satisfying excessive demand in the food market. Selling pizza and spaghetti is the best marketing choice to meet consumers’ needs since serving different fast foods in various hotels has not yet obtained customer satisfaction. Using a food truck is the alternative way to attract and maintain pizza and spaghetti customers. Barriers and Challenges Encountered When Marketing Pizza and Spaghetti The use of meal trucks in the advertisement of different foods was banned in Cuba after marketers violated public health policies that promoted hygiene and cholera prevention. After the resumption of food trucks in marketing, the public health policy set a fee that marketers should pay before using food trucks to promote their products as it was refunded only when policies were not violated. Raising the fee charged by the public health department became the greatest barrier to the marketing strategy since additional finances are required (Bar-Zeev et al., 2019). The target audience’s low attendance became a challenge because many pizza and spaghetti buyers were at the workplace during the working hours of the trucks. Environmental changes resulting from winter will also limit the accessibility to many customers, and additional transportation costs will hinder the marketing strategy. Distribution Channel Used Selling pizza and spaghetti is more sensitive to public policies compared to other goods and services sold in the market. The two foods require strict adherence to health policies that fight the spread of Cholera which is caused by food contamination. Thus, selling pizza and spaghetti directly to consumers is an effective marketing channel because it ensures customers’ contact and feedback to improve service delivery (de Matos et al., 2020). The channel is efficient in maintaining potential buyers. It eliminates intermediaries’ interference to the business, which can hinder its ability to sell selected fast foods. Delivering foods directly to the customer is also easy and faster than using a chain of intermediaries. Selling pizza and spaghetti involves instant delivery from staff members of the cafeteria to different parts of Cu
Abstract Integrating technology into the classroom has found a lot of interest in the last two decades. Hew and Brush (2007) direct their study in a developing direction; the incorporation of expertise into K-12 teaching and learning. While the article arouses some exciting questions, it has numerous institutional, methodological, and theoretical issues to be of immense value. Research Problem Hew and Brush (2007) fail to state the aim of their research explicitly, thus limiting its importance in the study. The research hypothesis in this study is that most of the education writers do not explain what productive integration of technology is. The central objective of the research development paper was to assist K-12 school instructors in incorporating technology into their classrooms. Review of Literature The analysis of literature in the article seems insufficient and requires adjustment since they present general information concerning the status of learners’ achievement and instructor’s professional advancement in the incorporation of technology into classrooms, technology as a technique to instructional improvement, and the professional demands that technology can fill. The sources cited are pertinent and relevant to the study since they are rich in content and recent. A methodical examination of the literature in those domains gives more credibility to the results of the study and proves that there was no bias on how the assignment was performed. Design and Procedures Hew and Brush (2007) applied the triangulation method to collect data from the tutor and student journals, education technology journals, field notes through discussions, classroom inspections, conferences, and focus group interviews (mentors and tutors), published and digital documents (Hew & Brush, 2007). The authors appeared to have applied random sampling in their study since there was no pilot study conducted. Technology into the classroom was the independent variable while instructional improvement and teacher/student impact and development were the dependent variables of the study. Data Analysis and Presentation Hew and Brush (2007) expressed data analysis as being performed in tandem with the data collection and “in a series commencing with data gathering, enduring through reflection and examination and then looping back through more information compilation” (p. 240). They as well pointed out that the information sources were triangulated, but were unclear as to the way this was implemented. Altogether, this methodology collected qualitative data that assisted in supporting the research hypothesis and purpose. Moreover, the article has effectively discussed the research’s weaknesses and problems. Conclusion and Implications Generally, this article was inadequately written and did not relate the conclusions of the research to the original purpose. Additionally, the article has failed to outline the results and conclusions of the research effect (Hew & Brush, 2007). This article provides us with several concerns that merit further inquiry. Hew and Brush (2007) raise conceptual implicati