ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The order lepidoptera we have is species of butterfly. We have the white and the black butterflies which freely interbreed and both live in an industrialized area. The white butterflies were initially more adaptive to the region than the black butterflies. When the region was not industrialized the population of the white butterflies was high compared top that of the black butterflies as the white butterflies were camouflaged by the environment and when the prey attacked would be able to see the black butterflies and not the white butterflies as they will be camouflaged by the surroundings. The population of the black butterflies decreased due to their frequent attacks by the prey and that of the white butterflies increased as they were spared by the prey that did not even notice their presence and only kept attacking the black butterflies leading to their decrease in population. The industries were introduced in the area and the emission of the soot in the environment started. The vegetation around the area started to turn its colour to black and with time all the vegetation was black and the black butterflies became more adaptive to the environment and the white were not adaptive to the environment (Williams, 1996). The prey now shifted to the white butterflies who this time round were not favored by the surrounding. The populations of the black butterflies increased drastically and were more in the vegetation compared to the white butterflies that had been the survival of the prey (Williams, 1996).
The decision of Great Meadows Middle schools to incorporate an advanced integrated curriculum was appropriate. The gradual change in the curriculum from subject-based approach to a life-applicable approach would prepare the students for the real life situations. The educators gradually incorporated the curriculum to ensure that students, facilitators and other stakeholders were not shocked with an abrupt change in the mode of teaching and learning. The time lag was considered essential for the students to adapt to the changes in curriculum, and allow skeptical individuals to realize the benefits of the switch with time (Manning and Katherine 118). Furthermore, the enthusiasm held by the teachers addressed the necessity of the change since they were responsible for implementing the changeover. A pre-assessment made to evaluate the benefits and ability of the school’s curriculum shift was commended because it gave the facilitators an assurance of its capability to complete the shift. It ensured that its interdisciplinary teams were made aware of their responsibility to draw the units necessary for the change. Additionally, the advantages held by the school on its capability to execute the block arrangement of learning periods would ensure adjustment to the needs of the curriculum change (Olson 46). The choice of themes generated by the teachers while focusing on the student’s needs would be effective. This is attributed to the teachers’ awareness of the challenges that students face in the current world, and the required skills of overcoming them. The integration of student-focused themes within conventional circular areas ensures a smooth paradigm switch in the mode of learning. Furthermore, it provides a room for the introduction of vital perspectives in le
Business Communication Communication is one of the most important tools of in the normal running of business. Scholars define communication as any act that include an individual delivering or receiving information as regard to personal needs, wishes, awareness or comprehension. Furthermore, communication could perhaps be intentional or unintentional, may utilize conservative or eccentric signals or may take linguistic or non-linguistic forms. It is observed that communication is a form of dialogue but not a monologue meaning that it is concerned about twofold listening. Business communication is commonly utilized to pass information within and without the organization (Krizan 21). Messages can be conveyed through several channels such as the internet, print, data lines, TV, outdoors and verbal. Communication can take the form of upward, downward or horizontal way depending on the seniority of the speaker and the recipient. Messages such as bad news, good news and routine request messages are frequently conveyed from one office to another through upward, downward and horizontal communication. Bad News There are instances when an individual would need to deliver bad news. To deliver such news, the sender should be equipped with some strategies since the recipient would most likely be upset. In this regard, it is advisable that the speaker employs inductive approach in dealing with the emotional state of the receiver (Clow 35). The business administrator may perhaps be called upon to draft a message that instructs the supplier to forfeit supply of merchandise, denying credit to potential customers or conveying constructive criticism to employees. In this scenario, an administrator is required to adopt some steps in writing the message. The first step would be to introduce the topic with an idea that seems neutral. This would set the stage for explanation of an idea, which should be presented in succinct and reasonable style. The language used should be positive. This would involve providing a counterproposal or silver liming testimonial that seems positive. Finally, the writer can close the message by encouraging and chivalrous quotes that diverts the attention of the reader from bad news. In this case, bad news is articulated using paper documents or face-to-face means. However, electronic channels can also be employed in circulating bad news. Good News Good news messages are those that convey positive information to the respondent. In other words, the message carries information that would be of pleasure to the recipient. It broadcasts good news to the receiver (Rankin 78). This type of message is easy to write as opposed to bad news message. In designing good news message, some factors are to be considere
Abstract Ethics is an omnipresent concept in the modern mass media. The abundance of informational channels, modes, and themes marked by multiple media actors leads to the necessity to cross the lines between acceptable and unacceptable to attract attention to important issues. Therefore, the moral decisions that media practitioners have to make daily are subject to continuous moral reasoning that prioritizes some values or interests over others. Indeed, as generally stated by Black and Roberts (2011), while trying to preserve its ethics, media is in “the constant struggles between or among these forces for autonomy and conformity” (p. 3). Given the subjectivity of moral judgment in media ethics, it is challenging to analyze some cases of ethical dilemmas. However, it is relevant to explore ethical dilemmas in media by applying comprehensive frameworks. In the present paper, a so-called ‘5Ws and H’ questions framework is used to analyze the case of media publications about Kobe Bryant’s 2003 sexual assault case soon after his tragic death. What’s Your Problem? The case under analysis is based on two articles, one written by Draper (2020) from The New York Times and another written by Henson (2020) from the Los Angeles Times. The articles discuss Kobe Bryant’s 2003 sexual assault case when the Lakers player was accused of raping a 19-year old hotel receptionist. The context is a decisive element in the understanding and analysis approach of the ethical dilemma at hand. However, the complexity of contexts related to the journalistic publication intensifies the ambiguity of the ethical issue. On the one hand, the news stories were published at the end of January 2020, several days after Kobe Bryant, his daughter, and even more people died in a helicopter crash. On the other, the sexual assault topic in these articles was brought to the front at the time when the Me Too movement and consecutive moods in the society were particularly sharp. Therefore, the intersection of the two contexts causes an ethical dilemma of whether it was relevant to discuss a sensitive and discrediting episode from the sportsman’s life in articles published so soon after his tragic passing. Moreover, Bryant’s successful sports career and family life after the incident allowed him to become a legend who contributed to the development of sports overall and the black community. His numerous accomplishments serve as a basis for his fans and the general public to remember him as a dignified, respected member of society. By publishing stories about the sexual assault case, journalists consciously jeopardize the good memory about Kobe Bryant and eliminate empathy by accentuating his wrongdoing. Consequently, at the center of the dilemma is a collision of empathy and journalists’ obligation to address socially relevant problems. Therefore, the question that should be answered within the context of this dilemma is as follows: Is it morally justifiable to use one’s death as a reason to attract attention to the socially relevant problem by emphasizing the wrongdoings of the deceased? Why Not Follow the Rules? There is a universal rule of mor
The three important issues the company should focus on in terms of expense control Employment at the company should be cut down to a manageable size. The company should only retain a sizeable number of workers that it can manage comfortably as the revenues continue to dwindle. The goal is to save a significant amount of revenues currently being paid out as salaries and wages. Business acquisitions should only be limited to those that are viable and those that require less time to return profits. The financial goal of this move is to save funds from further non-profitable ventures. Closing the extra regional offices and branches and instead maintaining the main ones only is the third strategy. This action will save a significant amount of revenue that is currently being spent on meeting rent and other related expenses. Assessment of Nokia-Microsoft’s Windows Mobile The Window’s smartphone by Nokia has failed to recapture the market leadership in the sector. Instead, Nokia has continued to lose its market share while recording huge losses, especially in the smartphone sector. The Windows mobile platform has failed to achieve its intended purpose of spurring growth for the brand maker. From the current market trend, it is possible to adjudge that the Windows mobile platform is inferior to its main competitors Android by Google and iOS by Apple. The best alternative for Nokia should be using the licensed Android OS on its smartphone devices in order to boost its market share. This will see Nokia devices enjoy the same superiority as other leading Android devices such as Samsung, thus attracting a huge global market to recapture its market share. Necessary steps to regain the North American Market Nokia should begin by carrying out an extensive study of the North American market in order to determine trends and preferences. Market needs for the smartphones, especially in North America, keep changing rapidly as users seek for new features and capabilities. A closer link to the market will enable the brand maker recapture the market. Additionally, Nokia should seriously consider introducing the Android OS in its devices because this platform is sought after by the North American market. Realistic strategies for regaining market share Price competition Nokia should shift its competition towards the aspect of price by targeting to avail high quality products at cheaper prices. Lowering prices will see more users acquiring its products, thus increasing the market share. The costs will involve buying more materials and utilizing them on more products in order to achieve economies of scale advantage. However, this strategy is risky because the gadgets might be of an inferior quality to compromise on cost. New products This strategy should focus on releasing new products with enhanced features and performance. This will provide the market with a high range of products capable of competing with the other brands. The costs involve intensive research and development, while the risk lies in spending too much on a technology that fails to pick up. I prefer the price competition strategy because with its capacity, Nokia is able to achieve success thr
Introduction The formation of Saudi Arabia as an independent and sovereign kingdom was a complex process due to many nuances and difficulties that arose on the way of monarchs and caused severe ethnic conflicts. Since the inception of statehood, the country waged wars with other states, and one of the key factors that determined the external and internal position of the kingdom was religion. To strengthen its position, the country needed to keep its principles unshakable and adhere to the course on internal development to achieve sufficient power to repel any threats. As a result, the first Saudi state was founded as a full-fledged territorial unit with clearly defined borders, a form of government, and laws that determined the rules of responsibility and subordination of residents. Religion became the key landmark for determining the course of the first Saudi state development and its recognition among existing eastern countries (Choksy and Choksy 24). Attributable to alliances with other people, such a direction as Wahhabism was formed. This was the basic set of rules for the citizens of the kingdom, and following it was mandatory in the context of social, political, economic, and other fields. The roots of the state system of Saudi Arabia lie in the religious reform movement of the mid-18th century, which was called Wahhabism and was the key code of rules for the first Saudi kingdom. The Union and Its Goals The birth of Saudi statehood in the central region of the Arabian Peninsula, Nejde, was the result of an agreement to strengthen the power of the new kingdom. The founders of the Saudi state were the local ruler of Dir’iyyah Muhammad ibn Saud and Islamic preacher Mohammed Abdel-Wahhab, who, in 1744, entered into an alliance to create a single powerful state (AlOboudi 293). The union implied returning to strict Islamic monotheism and ushered in the Saudi dynasty. As a result, the power became a significant and influential territorial unit with clear borders and individual legislation. The Al Saud clan, with varied success, challenged the Ottoman Empire’s control of the Hijaz with the religious centers of Islam located there, Mecca and Medina (Aarts and Roelants 6). The purpose of the union was to connect parts of the tribes of central and eastern Arabia into a religious and political confederation. The method of achieving this goal was the dissemination of Wahhabi teachings and the power of Nejdian emirs to the entire Arabian Peninsula (Eden 526). As a tactical plan, the path of conquest was chosen as a strategy of planting religion and strengthening domination in the east to expand the spheres of influence. Due to a sufficiently large army, the kingdom acted successfully, and the conquered territories increased fast and constantly (AlOboudi 288). The Wahhabi teaching was promoted as key and was considered in the context of a single religion for all the conquered lands. The Conquests and Their Consequenc
Introduction Organizations or any other set up that requires interaction between individuals will similarly pose the need for communication among the individual personalities or groups of people. Communication requires the availability of three elements: a message to be passed across, the party to send the message as well as the party to whom the message is being sent. Such communications that are conveyed without the use of words are called non verbal communication. This paper seeks to look at an organizational case study. The paper will give a review of the study, determine whether or not an identified behavior was appropriate and highlight some of the non verbal communications that ought not to exist in organizations. Review of Case Study The case study is based on an organizational set up in which a conflict ensues between one of the employees and the organization’s management leading to the employee’s dismissal. Dawson was recruited by the organization, KJVM Radio station by its founder. Though he had no skill in the field, he was taken in and trained after which he turned out to become one of the organization’s most influential and well paid personalities. Situation however changed when the founder of the company, the one who recruited and molded Dawson, died and his place was taken over by his son as the new owner. A new management was then injected into the firm resulting to some new consequences which affected Dawson. Dawson and Junior, the new owner of the organization, had enjoyed a more of friendly relationship that was evidenced by their interactions. Though they never formally pronounced themselves as friends, they shared light moments together such as sharing breakfast meals together during breaks. As time went by under the new management, things changed in the entire environment of the organization and the whole management structure. Dawson became a victim of a cold war in which his working conditions were being changed without any form of direct communication. He is, for example, was moved to a lower profile level of duty without a clear communication of his demotion. Similarly, his immediate work environment was being transformed with harsh treatments that involved redistribution of Dawson’s accounts to other workers requiring him to establish and develop new accounts and maintain and even increase his overall returns on accounts. There were a lot of frustrating moments for Dawson which were either directly or verbally communicated to him such as being restrained from sharing his work related information with co workers while other advances such as distortion of his communications with his clients were never communicated to him. It was however revealed that all these moves were not sincere but were meant to force Dawson out of the company by making fabrications against him subjecting him to harsh environment that would portray him as a non performi
Executive Summary ING Insurance Asia/Pacific is one of the most important overseas branches of ING Insurance Group. The Asia Pacific market is very important to the overall success of the company giving the rising economies in the region. When Jacques Kemp took control of the firm as the region’s chief executive officer, he realized that the firm was facing a number of problems that needed an immediate solution to ensure that the sustainable growth of the firm was not affected. He and his team came up with a number of strategies that would help the firm achieve the desired success, but the most profound of them all was ‘Towards Performance Excellence’ model. The model identified six key drivers of excellence and explained how a firm could implement the plan to achieve the desired success. Introduction ING Insurance is one of the leading insurance companies in the global market. As shown in the case study, this conglomerate is operating in a highly competitive business environment and forces it to come up with effective strategies to gain a competitive edge over its market rivals. ING Asia/Pacific is part of this conglomerate that prim
Albinism is an autosomal disorder that presents with hypopigmentation of the skin, eyes, and hair. The lack of pigmentation could either be partial or complete. It is also characterized by visual disorders. It is primarily a metabolic disorder. It can be classified into two broad categories; oculocutenous and ocular albinism. Subtypes of the two categories exist. It may also be the classified basis of systemic diseases it is associated with. This paper will discuss the etiology/how it occurs, the genetic location of the defective gene, characteristics of a person with albinism, prevention, diagnosis, and how to manage it. The disorder is caused by a metabolic derangement that is inherited from both parents (Kumar, Cotran, Robbins, 2005). It is a recessive disorder. Almost all forms of the disorder affect only individuals who have inherited two copies of the gene. Heterozygous individuals do not show the phenotypic characteristics of the genetic disorder. Only one variant of the disorder is linked to the X-chromosome. The disorder alters the biochemical production of melanin; a colored pigment present in the eyes, skin, and hair of animals and humans. The genetic defect causes the absence or deficiency of tyrosinase enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA; an intermediate chemical in melanin synthesis (Carden et al, 1998). The metabolic disorder is a direct consequence of gene mutation. For this reason, albinism usually afflicts the offspring of distant cousins. Albinism occurs almost equally in all races. It does not show a significant racial variation. However, some types of albinism may be common in some parts of the world. The phenotypical characteristics of albinism are more pronounced in dark-skinned individuals. For instance, albinos of Caucasian origin may not be easily noticeable. The genetic cross of albinism is as follows: Albinism may have one or many of several signs and symptoms. This is dictated by the form of the disorder. Oculocatenous albinism is restricted to the eyes, hair, and skin while ocular albinism is largely confined to the eyes. Hypopigmentation and visual defects are among the most obvious signs and symptoms of the genetic disorder. Hypopigmentation is a direct consequence of lack or deficiency of melanin. Melanin usually occurs in three colors; brown, black, and yellow. Lack of pigment makes the iris, skin, and hair abnormally light in color. Lack of melanin predisposes to other skin conditions. Albinos are at an increased risk for skin cancer because they are overexposed to ultraviolet rays. Skin ulceration may also be present in an individual with albinism. The skin also appears dry and scaly. Various eye problems afflict albinos. Some visual disorders are related to lack of melanin while others are related to the underlying genetic defect. In general, ocular disorders associated with albinism include