ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Computer Forensics is a branch of digital forensics which is used in “identifying, preserving, recovering, analyzing and presenting facts and opinions about the information” (Caloyannides, 2001, p. 22). This branch is mainly associated with the wide range of computer crimes. With the discovery of internet, computer crimes have been reached a significant level. There are many activities like viruses through which computer systems either in digital or electronic form are attacked all over the world. Computer Forensics teams are present to monitor and investigate such intrusions and protect computers and networks from such situations. Several research tools are introduced by the software developing companies which facilitate examinations of cyber-attacks for computer forensics teams. Some of the most wide-spread tools are given below:   * Appliance for Digital Investigation and Analysis (ADIA)   * File Recovery Software   * File Viewers   * Password Recovery Software   * X-Ways Forensics   * Writing Tools   * Network Tools  1. Appliance for Digital Investigation and Analysis (ADIA): It is a VMware based appliance which is used for digital investigation and acquisition. Some of the best features of this tool are that it is built from public domain software and is free of charge. Besides, it is released on March 2012 and publically available.  2. File Recovery Software: Another research tool used by computer forensics is file recovery software, which helps to find out the deleted files. Moreover, in many cases it also assists in recovering the files which are very difficult to analyze.  3. File Viewers: There are various types of file viewers software which enable computer forensics to view the file without actual opening it.  4. Password Recovery Software: This is another tool that helps computer forensics team regain the password. It can be considered one of the best tools since it is used to access password protected files. In addition, even if the password list is destroyed password recovery software can still recover it. By using the tool, computer forensics can investigate cybercrime more efficiently.  5. X-Ways Forensics: Integrated Computer Forensics Software: It is an advanced research environmental tool for computer forensics. Being very efficient, it runs fast and finds deleted files. It is comprised of imaging, disk cloning, data interrupter, etc. ( ISFCE: Certified Computer Examiner , 2005).  6. Writing Tools:
Introduction Horses are important species of animals to humankind. They are used in racing sports, for fun riding, as food, in agriculture for plowing and also for transport of goods as well as of people. Their hair is also used in the cloth-making industries. This shows that horses have many economic advantages and the people embarking on horse-related business make a great deal from them. These beasts are among the most domesticated animals requiring little but strict care. When one is embarking on horse-related business one would be required to be sure which are to venture into: whether it is the horse riding business, slaughtering for food, use it in agriculture, for transporting people and goods or use their hair for dressmaking. This in turn is determined by knowledge the person has in all the areas. The marked being targeted by the entrepreneur is also an important factor to be considered because it is the most determining factor in every business one has to embark on. Without the market, there is no business. The person’s business skills in the area he would wish to venture into are also required for the business to succeed. For instance, if one wishes to venture into the horse riding business, the person’s knowledge and skills in horse riding would be highly required. The knowledge on how to take care of the horses’ health and keeping fit for the job is also essential. The capital required to start any kind of business is a key factor to be considered before starting the business. One should start a business with enough capital in order to keep the business going before it breaks even. It is also important to know the people one is competing with in the field that one chooses. On the other hand, making the choice of business to venture in is not an easy task. This paper deals with the racehorse industry and the disposal of unnecessary horses. In the racehorse industry horse, horses become unnecessary when they become old (can not participate in the race as required), get badly injured, get incurable diseases, become weak, and become hostile to people. This will make the owner dispose of them to avoid going at a loss. There are several ways of disposing of the 8nneccessary horses. One may decide to sell them at a low price, give them out for free, slaughter and sell them as meat. Retaining such undesirable horses would cost the owner much like the loss of customers; increase in time required for a ride thus less income for the time. It is, therefore, necessary to dispose of such horses in order to avoid the above-mentioned losses. Irrespective of the above-mentioned ways of disposing of the unnecessary horses the law puts regulations concerning horses as mentioned below (Web.):   * Prohibits the shipping, transportation, moving, delivering, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines.   * Prohibits the shipping, transportation, moving, delivering, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines.   * Prohibits the commercial sale and slaughter of wild free-roaming horses and burrows. These
Background Public relations (PR) is one of the marketing communications disciplines, best thought of as an arsenal of weapons employed to induce adoption of an advocacy position, trial or purchase of a product or service, and assent to a given line of thinking. PR is more subtle and less visible than, say, mass media or Internet advertising because the tools of the craft typically comprise press releases or behind-the-scenes persuasion to obtain more favorable editorial treatment or for an organization to declare itself behind the espoused initiative. Part of the image problem of PR is “spin” management, a term that has taken on pejorative connotations as American media routinely accuse politicians of seeking to put adverse developments – such as setbacks in the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan – in a favorable light in order to cultivate support of the electorate. And it is true enough that political leaders have lied to the American people when they mistakenly thought they could get away with it. However, it is also true that many erstwhile respectable media outlets (the New York Times, for example) are often clumsy about concealing their liberal and anti-government bias. As an associate professor in the Department of Advertising/Public Relations, Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia, Lynne M. Sallot undertook to explore the antecedents of the comparatively poor image PR agencies and consultants have with target publics. Aims of the Study Sallot took for her theoretical framework the principles of impression management and employed an experimental research design to test the effects of three aspects of PR practice:   * the presumptive motives behind a public relations program,   * communication styles used,   * observed professionalism of practitioners. By definition, “impression management” is the usually conscious and goal-directed process that endeavors to influence the perceptions of a target public about a person, object or event by regulating the information that is released or conveyed. Methodology The validity of this research rests on the fact that, first of all, the experimental method has been used to examine the goals and behaviors of impression managers in most interpersonal, social, and organizational communication/ psychology studies that deal with the matter. In particular, Sallot falls back on the experimental design used by Schenker and Leary to probe varied impression management effects exemplified by audience response to actors in a different scenarios. Secondly, Sallot quotes Benoit, Caillouet, Coombs and others to contend that the impression management perspective leads to better understanding of public relations, since both are concerned with the “strategic control of information to comm
Arguments of the Article Aneel Karnani believes that the need to do well and good rivals the intentions of investors and the rights of the public. For instance, he explains that companies benefited very much by selling fast foods like fries, burgers, sandwiches, and snacks, even though they were unhealthy. However, the need for people to eat healthy foods pushed fast-food restaurants to start preparing salads and whole meals. He adds that sometimes not all companies benefit from the demand offered by customers because of incompetent managers. Executives usually ignore the need for responsible practices and pay concentrate on protecting the interests of shareholders. Shareholders demand that their employees (managers and executives) should put company profits as the top priority. This practice has led to the development of a habit called green-washing where companies develop and publicise their social corporate responsibilities but do nothing to ensure they succeed. Karnani suggests that government regulations are the best approaches that can help companies and their communities to benefit without inconveniencing each other. He explains that governments have the power to issue decrees that will regulate the activities of companies and ensure they become responsible regardless of the good intentions of their slogans. However, he doubts whether governments can use their power to influence the operations of companies. First, he believes that not all governments have the resources and competencies to regulate the activities of companies. Secondly, he argues that companies can
Every year, Christians celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ in their homes and churches across the world. The discussion of importance and impact of the story of resurrection is the main theme discussed during the resurrection Sundays every year. On April 4, 2021, Rev. Dr. William J. Barber II discussed the importance and impacts of resurrection in his sermon “No lie can hold this body down” (Repairers of the Breach, 2021). Starting from the 45th minute in the video, Rev. Barber II states that God came to the world in the form of the human body to change lives (Repairers of the Breach, 2021). According to the preacher, the resurrection was a form of “disruption” that should not necessarily have happened (Repairers of the Breach, 2021). Humans did not expect God to transform himself into their physical form but God had other intentions. By transforming himself into the human form and coming into their midst, God used interruption of the norm to interpret himself. He allowed humans to persecute him on the cross and as a result, there was an interruption. Secondly, God interrupted the norm once again when the body of Jesus disappeared from his tomb and was resurrected, which is not common in nature. The concept of interruption leads to the second point in Rev Barber’s sermon, which revolves around the question of what Christians do with the story of resurrection. In his view, the preacher states that Christians often tend to forget abo
Introduction The case of H-P offers an example of a company suffering from an incorrectly chosen or developed structural organization. The evidence shows that the first decision of the company’s new CEO, Mark Hurd, was linked to changes in the levels of the firm’s hierarchy. The choice to remove some management layers and establish closer relationships with customers aligns with two major approaches—a shift toward organic organization and customer-focused objectives (Homburg et al. 459; Őnday 30). This paper will examine the problems that H-P encountered, discuss the appropriateness of either an organic or mechanistic structure for the firm, and evaluate Mark Hurd’s solutions in relation to the prospects that different organizational structures offer. Case Analysis: Problems According to the case, most of the issues that the business encountered pertained to relationships between employees and clients. First, the most prominent customers did not have access to a designated point of contact in the company if they had any problems or simply wanted to make a purchase. Second, the salespersons also experienced challenges in interacting with consumers because a large portion of their work time was filled by bureaucratic processes. Third, managers could not hire new salespersons or collaborate with the existing sales staff due to similar issues. All these difficulties can be attributed to an underlying flaw in the organizational structure of the company. In his investigation, Mark Hurd found that the company’s sales structure alone imposed 11 layers of employees between CEO and client. One serious drawback to such a system is the extreme potential difficulty for a customer or even a manager to negotiate any decision. As a result, all processes were slow and inefficient, and bureaucratic tasks took up more time than problem-solving. In addition, salespeople comprised less than 60 percent of the employees in the corporate sales department, meaning that almost half of all sales-focused employees were not engaged with clients in any way. While it is clear that support staff and some managers comprise a necessary part of any department, the demonstrated distribution of workers, in this case, revealed that the firm was not focusing on its clients as much as on its internal processes. Solutions Mechanistic and Organic Systems Two opposing systems, mechanistic and organic, can be used to describe how companies choose to establish an internal hierarchy and ascribe roles to employees. Mechanistic organizations prefer a rigid system involving layers for each employee level. Each group of wor
Background Video streaming service providers are online platforms that allow for streaming, and sometimes downloading of films and television series for watching by individual consumers or households. Users pay for the service on a subscription basis, with a set monthly fee which provides access to a catalog of media. Subscriptions plans differ among companies, having either varying access to content, changes in quality or additional features depending on how much a consumer pays. Streaming services differ from other media providers such as cable television, by offering viewers the choice of what and when to watch content. Companies acquire licenses for existing media or create their own films and television shows that the user can browse, select, and watch at any given time on most devices that have an internet connection (Zimmerman, 2019). While an internet connection, either broadband or mobile, is required to use streaming services, the wide availability and affordability of internet in modern day makes such platforms more popular due to the freedom and mobility that they offer in comparison to stationary and highly expensive cable television. Netflix Netflix is synonymous in modern popular culture with video streaming, largely being the first platform that developed this type of business model in practically any entertainment sector. While, Netflix once held a monopoly with 91% market share in the sector, it now holds approximately 19% (due to massive competition) despite having a consistent addition of new subscribers, having 167 million users globally and 60 million in the U.S. (Clark, 2020). In 2017, Netflix announced slight price changes, with the basic plan (standard quality only) at $7.99, $10.99 for Standard, and $13.99 for Premium plans. The only differences between the plans are quality of streaming and number of devices that can watch at the same time. The price hike did not affect subscriber growth and continued to demonstrate an upward trajectory while providing Netflix a significant jump in operating profits from $154 million to $245 million (Poyar, 2020). Netflix stands out from competition by not having advertising from outside marketers nor having differently priced tiers of content. All customers, no matter the plan have access to the full libra
Introduction The state of Cameroon has an effective foreign policy that revolves around cooperation with other states. It also exercises zero alignments and focuses largely on national independence through the mobilization of the involved parties. Cameroon achieves this through influencing the involved parties, urging them to participate, and ensuring their presence in the diplomacy process. Cameroon is a member of the Islamic Conference, the Francophone, and the Commonwealth. The country is revolutionary and has been able to take part in diplomatic relations which have seen its various appointments as the preferred host for several summits such as the Africa-France Summit and the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). It has unwavering support for both developing and developed states of the world through its foreign policies which are noninterference (Cameroon Embassy, 2010). This paper highlights Cameroon’s foreign policy and precisely looks at the multilateral international pollution control policy as well as the policy that governs the supply of oil to the world. Cameroon’s policy on multilateral international pollution control, specifically in the area of sea pollution and radioactive materials International laws govern countries such as Cameroon against environmental pollution which has the potential of harming them and others. However, states have a right to exploit their resources but with one condition, they must not present danger to others as they do so. If the pollution spilled over to other states, an environmental activist then has a right to protest the prohibition of such activities. Cameroon has signed treaties with other states which govern the policies on multilateral international pollution control. This touches on sea pollution and the use of radioactive materials (Jeffrey, 1998). Cameroon’s international policy on sea pollution sees to it that no manner of waste is dumped into the sea and other water masses. It also ensures that no hazardous materials find their way into the sea and that sea transport is free from oil spillages which may be occasioned by the use of vessels such as boats and ships. This not only reduces the event of sea pollution but also controls the potential pollutants t
Behaviourism and nursing education The major educational psychology and learning theories are behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. These theories differ in their focus on aspects of learning. For example, behaviorists focus on people’s behavior associated with the learning process (Vandeveer & Norton, 2016). Cognitivism is related to the study of memory, traits, motivation, emotions, problem-solving, and so forth. Constructivism is concerned with people’s experiences, as well as cultural and social domains. All these aspects are relevant to nursing education, but cognitivism and constructivism are primary paradigms to be applied. In nursing education, it is essential to focus on students’ cognitive peculiarities and take into account the social context they have found or will find themselves in. Nursing students’ behaviors related to learning can also facilitate the process of knowledge and skills acquisition, but problems solving, traits, and social contexts are more valuable determinants. The most appealing educational theories Educational psychologists develop frameworks that can be employed in various settings (DeYoung, 2014). I believe John Dewey’s paradigm and ideas should be used as primary guidance for educators. Progressive education was largely influenced by this theorist. Dewey believed that learning should be learner-oriented, which would enhance students’ motivation and facilitate the learning process. Formal learning should be the basis for people’s further life. The knowledge and skills students acquire in schools, and higher educational establishments should help them deals with specific challenges they will face in their career or family lives. Nurse education incorporating these theories Nursing education is evolving in terms of theoretical and technological advances. Educational and learning theories help nursing educators to enhance their students’ learning outcomes through the use of the most effective strategies that improve students’ academic performance, motivation, and so forth. Importantly, nursing educators apply an evidence-based approach and evaluate the effectiveness of theories in particular settings. For instance, Husmann and O’Loughlin (2018) found that the focus on learning styles was not effective in the anatomy course setting.
The orchestral E-concert contains the three works by the prominent Russian composer Peter Illyitch Tchaikovsky. A relatively short opening work is 1812 Overture , the following work is Piano Concerto No. 1 and a single multi-movement work is Symphony No. 4 . The performers of the first piece are Yuri Temirkanov conducting the Leningrad Philarmonic and The Leningrad Militar Orchestras, Martha Argerich performs the second piece, playing the piano with Charles Dutoit and the Orchestre de la Suisse Rom, as to the third piece, Barenboim is the conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. The opening work, 1812 Overture is relatively short and lasts not more than fifteen minutes. But within this quarter of an hour so many moods are changed that it may seem that the whole life passes before the listeners’ eyes, while millions of destinies are ruled. The uninformed listener would guess that the work reflects the moods of the war conflict, so quickly the tune changes, so solemn are the separate extracts. “A festival overture by Tchaikovsky, op. 49 (1880), for orchestra, carillon, and artillery, composed for the commemoration in 1882 of Napoleon’s retreat” (Randel 286). This fact clarifies the author’s original idea of including the Russian and French anthems into the work. The opening of the 1812 Overture is gentle, the Russian national hymn God Preserve Thy People introduces the listeners to the peaceful life of the Russian people. Then there is an unexpected change of the mood, when the tempo quickens, the savage thrusts can be heard combined with the motifs of the French hymn Le Marseilles . This change reflects the opposition of the Russian folk, its struggle for one’s freedom and the instruments are aimed at imitating the sounds of the warfare – so loud are the thrusts and so many instruments playing their parties simultaneously produce the impression of the conflict of interests, while the solemn notes emphasize the importance of the historical moment. The tune changes several times within the overture, this is historically accurate, as Napoleon’s interventions repeated several times, the same is with the musical piece – similar excerpts repeat one by one, the periods of peace are alternated with the periods of warfare, the excerpts of the national hymns alternate, representing the French invasion and the Russian opposition. The third episode leads to the victory of the Russian folk, as the French anthem is not heard anymore, the triumph of the Russians is expressed by the solemn melody, which was heard at the very beginning of the piece, and the sounds resembling the church bells can be heard, the elements of march can be found at the end of the overture. Thus, all the elements of the 1812 Overture such as the alternation of the national anthems, changes of the tune, solemn melody, and the sounds of the church bells are aimed at revealing the feelings and moods of the participants of the warfare and the triumph of the Russian folk. Tchaikovsky’s Piano Concerto No. 1 is divided into three movements, the first one lasting for