ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Weak economical positions all around the world experience a high rate of inflation; the problem is to be solved by the Federal Reserve System, the principal function of which is concentrated on inflation control without recession triggering. It is necessary to investigate the principle functions and role of the system to understand the methods through which it combats the problem of inflation spreading. The article ‘ Inflation and the Federal Reserve’ by Richard Cook; this source can be used to describe the central threat of inflation and identify the principal steps to be developed by central banks, government, and Federal Reserve, to control inflation and balance it with the economical development within the state. The article will be used in the research project to reflect the power of the Federal Reserve System and its annual planning and economical assessment for monetary market stabilization. Uncontrolled inflation can lead to unexpected destruction of the national economy of the country; the project is focused on the examination of key methods allowing moderating the influence of inflationary trends on the national economics. Ben Bernanke, 2005, managed to exemplify industrialized countries where the Federal Reserve is based on inflation targeting adoption being the background of monetary policymaking. Primary sources for the research project conduction are to be taken from internet sites disclosing the historical and political value of the Federal Reserve for economical development; thus, Lawrence White, 1982, dedicated his work ‘Policy analysis, Inflation and Federal Reserve: The Consequences of Political Money Supply’ to the disclosure of historical overview US Federal Reserve activities, covering the peculiarities of coping with inflation problems. This work will be helpful for the highlight of the key balances and fluctuations in the inflation rate in different periods of American economical development. The project team can stick to various historical and modern economical encyclopedias as secondary sources, to follow the stages in the structural and functional form of the Federal Reserve. The central project objectives are concentrated on the identification of the principal functions of the Federal Reserve; so, the inflation control is fulfilled through the following tasks: 1) national banking system supervision to assure consumers; protection; 2) serve the function of the Central Bank for the government and other baking systems; 3) stability maintenance within financial markets, especially under the threat of potential crisis. To conduct an effective business project on Inflation and Federal Reserve System, it is necessary to follow the definite aspects in the literature and online sources searching, which will allow supporting the provided conclusions: to identify the ways of Federal Reserve aff
Australia Over 50 percent of total groundwater withdrawals in Australia are for agricultural practices. Both state and territory governments manage and monitor groundwater in the country. In most cases, economic and regulatory strategies are used in the management of this resource. The main national government institutions tasked with the management and monitoring of groundwater include the Commonwealth Department of the Environment and the Office of the Water Science, Murray-Darling Basin Authority, Geoscience Australia, and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2015). The key regulatory policy is to ensure that groundwater abstraction and usage are within environmentally sustainable levels using the long-term average Sustainable Diversion Limits (SDL) for water resources (Dahlhaus et al., 2016). Groundwater ownership is public, and thus anyone in a position to drill wells or boreholes is allowed to seek authorization from the relevant authorities. Entitlement characteristics are permanent whereby they are tied to land rights, and thus they are transferrable. Companies, individuals, or collective bodies are allowed to be beneficiaries of the entitlements. Additionally, correlative rights are used as the doctrine of groundwater allocation practices (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2015). All new wells have to be approved by the relevant authorities and metering for groundwater usage is mandatory. Similarly, groundwater management plans are compulsory as part of regulatory approaches. Currently, there is limited coordination between underground and surface-water management practices. Economic regulatory instruments are also used whereby groundwater markets are allowed. For instance, individuals can trade pumped water among users and water entitlement buy-outs are permitted. Currently, there are no groundwater tariffs in the country. Bahrain Bahrain’s main water resource is the Dammam Aquifer System, which offers 34 percent of the total water consumption in the entire country. The government, through the Water Resources Directorate of the Ministry of Municipalities Affairs and Agriculture, issues permits for drilling and withdrawing groundwater. The permits are renewable after every five years. Additionally, the water withdrawal levels can only reach a stated value in the permits. From 2010, all well owners are required to install meters at their cost before acquiring or renewing permits to use underground water (Closas & Molle, 2016). Currently, out of the 1200 working wells, over 800 are metered, and they are monitored monthly to ensure compliance with the set regulations. Permit holders are required to allow officials from the Ministry to access the
Introduction South Central L.A has been one of the most dangerous neighborhoods in the whole of the United States. This area is known for its high rate of crime and violence. The high population of young Blacks and Latino youths has contributed to the high rates of crimes that are related to the area. According to a survey conducted by Murphy (1986), the initial cause of crime and violence in the 1950s and 60s in south-central L.A was due to the poor economic state of the African American and Latino communities (p. 14). Most of the individuals from these communities lacked stable jobs to support their families and other people who depended on them. Murphy further stated that these communities used crime and violence as a retaliation of the oppression that they were facing from the government (Murphy, 21). However, since the 1970s up to date, the nature of crimes in the area have changed. There are still robberies, homicides, burglary, and high rates of violence, but the nature in which this is conducted has changed (Hoffert, 1992). All these activities are now conducted by organized gangs. These gangs recruit local youths and introduce them to a life of drugs and violence. L.A has the largest number of gangs in the whole of the USA (Scott, 2004). Due to competition and the need for respect, these gangs normally turn on one another through violence and the killing of members of rival groups. This has resulted in an increase in the rate of crime and violence in the area (Sunstein, 2009). Consent of the Respondent This paper is a narrative to an interview that was conducted on Malik Shakur, a member of one of the most notorious gangs in Los Angeles. The gang that Malik is affiliated with is known as Crips, and it has around 30,000 to 35,000 members in total (Scott, 2004). This study wanted to identify the factors that led him into the gang life and the various stages of his involvement in the gang. Before the commencement of the interview, Malik was made aware of the nature of the study as its goals and objectives were clearly explained to him. He was assured about the confidentiality of the information that he was about to give out in the study. He was also aware of the fact that his participation was voluntary and that he had the right to terminate the interview whenever he felt like. Finally, he was assured that the information that he will submit would not be used to incriminate him against any acts of offenses that he may have com
Introduction BMW Company is one of the companies that have wide market for their products in the world. This has been caused by the high quality of their products that surpasses that of other competitors. The company employs unique methods in the production and designing of the vehicles. This has made the products of this company different from other products made by various companies. Some of the techniques that are used to make their products appear unique and attracting include branding of products, production of vehicles with low consumption capacity, high level of technology in the production among others. This essay discusses how BMW Company manufactures products that are differentiated from other competitors. Branding BMW Company brands its products in a unique way that is different from their compet
Introduction There is a constant need to increase the quality of healthcare provided in all facilities. Multitude approaches have been developed to assist with this idea, although the efficiency of monitoring has been achieved through the assessment of analyzing the six domains of healthcare quality via their indicators (Nash et al., 2019). This essay will analyze two articles related to specific nurse-sensitive quality indicators and two articles related to the proper application of these measures in practice. Analysis of Two Specific Indicators The first indicator that will be reviewed is the responsibility of prescribing proper drugs. Fujita et al. (2018) state that “more than 50% of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed or sold inappropriately” worldwide, ushering the need to assess this field of operations (p. 1). This notion makes outcomes less favorable and severely damages the reputation of healthcare facilities in the United States, making the implementation of proper assessment tools an absolute necessity (Fujita et al., 2018). The modern approach to this issue aligns with the early theory for measurements of structure, process, and outcome. The usage of administrative databases allows healthcare facilities to keep track of prescribed drugs, making it easier for institutions to provide quality control (Nash et al., 2019). Establishing such monitoring is vital for gathering data on errors in medication prescriptions. The second indicator to be analyzed is the failure to rescue. There are systematic deficiencies in proper attention to each individual that accesses healthcare services (Mushta et al., 2017). Failure to rescue often occurs under improperly balanced working conditions among nursing personnel and is regularly contributed to quality indicators of outcomes (Mushta et al., 2017). However, it is necessary to view this measure as a structural flaw since analyzing it as an outcome does not produce valuable information on its prevention (Mushta et al., 2017). It is the duty of all healthcare institutions to ensure that a patient’s safety is never compromised. Application of Nurse-sensitive Quality Indicators Recognition of nurse-sensitive quality indicators is a vital step towards high-quality care, as
Introduction The greatest military commander of all times Napoleon Bonaparte still stirs different emotions as per his personality at various critics’ appraisals. The historical period of 1799-1815 was a significant turning point for the French and other adjacent countries. Napoleon Bonaparte left a nonerasable print in the world of political history that still makes millions of people wonder who he really was and what impact he actually had. This paper will unveil the premises and aftermath of the French Revolution and the role Napoleon Bonaparte played in those crucial events. He is doomed to be heroic and a wise reformer by some people, others consider him to be ambitious and megalomaniac. The following examination of Napoleon’s figure will unveil his political agenda and prove him to be loyal to his nation as well as not traitorous to the French Revolution. Historical Excursus The revolutionary thoughts and moods in France have been emerging since 1787 when the bourgeoisie was heavily levied with taxes in order to support the aristocratic lifestyle. At that time
Introduction Different people have differing levels to which they can effectively withstand stressing environmental conditions. Factors such as personality types, the emotional stability attributes of different people, and personal temperaments may determine this ability (Kumar & Sharma, 2011). Exposure to stressing environmental conditions has negative consequences to both psychological and physiological health of an individual. Stress may have implication of low satisfaction in life and lead to incapacity for people to work both effectively and efficiently. At organizational level, stress correlates positively with burnout, which constitutes an important factor for high labor turnover (Adhia, Nagendra & Mahadevan, 2010). In clinical settings, stress underscores one of the risk factors for cancer, hypertension, and diabetes among other chronic ailments. Although stress may have some positive implications on people, its management mainly concerns dealing with its negative consequences in all lifestyles. Stress management implies the deployment of psychotherapeutically designed techniques for reducing and keeping stress levels under check to ensure proper functioning of people in their everyday work. Yoga comprises one of these techniques having its historical roots in the Hinduism philosophy. For instance, Karma yoga, which is one of Yoga types, aids in controlling stress through the development of appropriate attitudes in relation to work environment coupled with enhancing the ability to respond positively to professional anticipations for managers and employees in any organization, its industry of operation not withstanding (Kumar & Sharma, 2011). This research paper argues that everyone should practice yoga as it reduces stress, increases flexibility and stamina, and it can heal common aches and pains. It first presents the background to Yoga before discussing stress and its associated health and organizational managerial challenges. The goal is to show that if yoga can reduce stress, then stress-related health challenges and organizational management challenges like burnout can also be resolved by embracing the practice. The last part analyses the contribution of the yoga lifestyle in dealing with stress. Background to yoga Yoga is among the six main pillars making the Hindu philosophy. For over one millennium, the philosophy has been fundamental to explaining various experiences of people with regard to mental complexities. Adhia, Nagendra, and Mahadevan (2010) posit that yoga constitutes a technique for lowering fluctuations of people’s mind to ensure that they reach reality of their real nature. It comprises various ethical and moral living guidelines. Breathing exercises are the key components for enhancing people’s consciousness and growth spiritually under the yoga sutras philosophy. Yoga Ashtanga comprises guidelines for moral behavior, cognitive learning processes, and various
Description of Chosen International Outbreak The disease under consideration is measles, which is one of the highly contagious and acute viral conditions (Taylor, Burke, & Zhou, 2012). Although it was considered eliminated, local and even international measles outbreaks are still observed. One of the examples of an international measles outbreak was reported in 2011 (Taylor et al., 2012). It started in Malaysia, where a 16-year-old refugee from Burma became ill. The first symptoms such as rash and fever appeared on 18 August. His other 15-year old relative developed a fever on 21 August and a rash on 22 August. They both were not vaccinated. They left Malaysia with their mother and one more child on 24 August and came to Los Angeles International Airport (Taylor et al., 2012). On 25 August, a 15-year-old child was admitted to the hospital, and the next day the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was informed about the possible case of measles. The tests proved the case of measles on 30 August. The following investigation provided by the CDC attempted to reveal secondary measles cases in the communities where the refugees who traveled the same flight were settled. In the period from 26 August to 12 September 2011, six cases of measles were reported in the United States (Taylor et al., 2012). Epidemiological Determinants The epidemiological determinants for measles comprise the complex of risk factors, observed in this or that community at a certain period of time as well as the ways of transmission. However, they will be discussed further in the paper. The other determinants relevant to the described outbreak are as follows. First of all, the infectivity of measles was an epidemiological determinant to consider. Measles is caused by a highly contagious virus and, therefore, is easily spread. As for virulence, it is also high in case of complications. Moreover, any person without immunity to measles (thus, all the people who are not vaccinated) can have measles. Measles is spread both through contact and aerosol modes of transmission. Thus, a person can get infected from sneezing and coughing of another person with measles, or through close contact with infected secretions (World Health Organization, 2018). Climate should be considered as the epidemiologic determinant as well. For example, the measles virus is more active under
Patient Information Name: J. Z. Age: 47 years old Sex: Female Race: African American S CC: “I am having uneasiness, tingling and numbness in my right wrist causing problems in holding and curling hair-styling tools and hair respectively at my work station”. HPI: Patient (named J. Z) is a 47-year-old African American female who works as a hairstylist. She was concerned about pain in her right wrist with associated prickling and paralysis in the thumb, index, and middle fingers for the past two weeks. On a scale of 0-10, she reported a pain of 7/10 during relaxation and 9/10 when hairdressing. She had taken over-the-counter (OTC) medication of Ibuprofen 400mg. However, she stated that she was still waning and deteriorating. Current Medications: Ibuprofen 600mg TDS for pain Allergies: No history of allergies. PIHx: Flu vaccine received in July 2019, Tdap received in May 2015, and Corona vaccine received in January 2021. PMHx: Hypothyroidism, which was detected in 2016, and is being managed by Synthroid medication. Soc Hx: Works for 12 hours a day per week as a contract hairstylist at the Blue Mambo Hair Salon located in Houston, Texas. She is negative for tobacco abuse. Fam Hx: Both parents are alive and live in Houston, Texas. Father is 72 years old with a history of depression and high blood pressure. Mother is 64 years with hypothyroidism and diabetes. Her two younger siblings have not reported any significant health issues. Past Surgical History: No past surgery reported Sexual and Reproductive History: She is single, heterosexual, and divorced for 2 years. She is a mother of two from her past marriage. ROS GENERAL: Reports a 9/10 pain in the right wrist, which is prickly and numb. No reported weight loss and fever. Reports being fatigue. HEENT: Reports no feeling of headache or dizziness. Denies blurry vision. Wear sunglasses. No report of nasal congestion or upper respiratory infection. Has a good sense of smell, vision, and hearing. SKIN: No reports of such skin infections and symptoms as lesions, rashes, or itching. She reports discoloration on the cheeks and face. CARDIOVASCULAR: No report of discomfort in the chest or palpitations. RESPIRATORY: No reports of shortness of breath or coughs. GASTROINTESTINAL: Has regular daily bowel movements and denies any abdominal discomfort. GENITOURINARY: No report of hematuria or polyuria. NEUROLOGICAL: No past spinal injury or injury to other parts of spinal cords. MUSCULOSKELETAL: She reported that her right wrist pain is 7/10 during relaxation and 9/10 when working. HEMATOLOGIC: No reports of bleeding or loss of blood. ENDOCRINE: No reports of polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. Have a regular menstrual cycle and no weight loss. PSYCHIATRIC: She reports no changes in mood, anxiety, sadness, and suicidal thoughts. LYMPHATICS: No enlarged nodes. No history of splenectomy. ALLERGIES: No history of allergies. O VS: B/P 130/75, PR 74, oral Temp 37C 0 ; Non-labored RR 19; SpO2: 97% RM a
Introduction Marketers employ various advertising techniques to change the attitudes of their consumers especially when consumer motivation, opportunity, and ability are low. In so doing, the marketers enable their customers to expend minimal efforts particularly in terms of processing information, engaging in behavioral change relative to product consumption, and making decisions. Normally, most studies show that consumers are bound to develop attitudes towards something unconsciously (Hoyer and Macinnis 160). As a result, these attitudes are also influenced by limited judgment and bodily responses. Again, when the consumers base their attitudes on cognitive processes of the mind, the message delivered by the marketer should be able to influence customer beliefs, which are certainly formed through assumptions, inferences, heuristics, and ascriptions (Hoyer and Macinnis 165). Moreover, most marketers do influence the favorability and strength of customer beliefs through the use of credible sources of advertising, consistent sources of information, message arguments, and repetition in advertising. Here, sexual themes have been employed in advertising whereby two major forms of sex: sexual suggestiveness and partial or complete nudity, are used to evoke a positive consumer response to a particular product or brand (Hoyer and Macinnis 166). Consequently, the use of sexual themes in adverts is effective because the classical conditioning theory states that consumer attitudes and behavior are bound to change as a result of repeatedly pairing a message together with a stimulus that generates positive emotional feedbacks in the consumers (Hoyer and Macinnis 167). Therefore, this essay looks at Calvin Klein’s advertising techniques through comparing two adverts, the first one involving a man and the other a woman. In the long run, it is certain that the advert involving the CK woman is more effective compared to the CK man. Advert Details The first advert involves a young man in the age of 17-26 years wearing a blue CK jeans overcoat, CK underwear, white boots, and a pair of brown socks. In this advert, it is certain that the marketer is interested in selling the jeans overcoat and the underwear as opposed to the shoes and socks because the latter are not so much exposed in the picture. Furthermore, the model’s skin tone is not the center of this advert because the picture contrast is low. Conversely, the ad targets young men in the age of 17-26 years. Moreover, the ad utilizes sexual suggestiveness, partial nudity, sexual model positioning, and overt sex