ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction China is one of the rapid growing economies in the world. The country has a high potential of growth in the future. Various economic sectors have witnessed rampant growth. For example, with regards to the motor industry, the country’s ranking has undergone significant annual improvements since 2005. In the first quarter of 2010 the country’s market was ranked 3 rd in the world. The Chinese established economy dates back to 1949. It was able to progress after reforms and a lot of openness in the economy. In 1993, the country incorporated effective market mechanisms which contributed towards the economy undergoing significant positive transformation. The recent global economic crunch affected all the countries across the world. As a result, various economies experienced a slow economic growth. Currently, China is considered to be one of the economies with a strong growth momentum in the world. In 2009, the country was the second largest economy of the world. With this achievement, the country’s growth rate is above average. It is very undeniable that with all this, the country has a great potential that will lead to continued and sustainable growth in the long run. One of the unique issues related to the Chinese economy is that it outperformed other economies during the period characterized by global economic crisis. For example, over the past three years which have been characterized by a severe global economic crisis, the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been maintained at an average rate of 8% to 10%. Despite the economic crisis, the country’s motor industry has witnessed a steady positive growth due to the growth associated with the economy. Currently, the country is the market leader with regard to vehicle sales. It should also not be forgotten that the county has a high population that guarantees a ready market for motor vehicles. China’s motor industry has outperformed other countries in growth over the recent years. There is still a great growth potential in the market. This arises from the fact that these markets have not been fully exploited. Most sales are currently being witnessed in the Western parts of the country. This means that business can still thrive in the country. Currently, 50% of the country’s motor sales are being experienced in the coastal eastern side of the country. As the economy has been growing steadily, there has been a general rise in the level of disposable income within the population. This therefore means that most of people can afford to spend their extra income on luxury goods such as cars. Urban households who own most of these cars have seen their income rise considerably. This has opened a new frontier where
Introduction A large volume of modern literature in the field of e-commerce indicates that consumers still prefer using computers when shopping online compared to such mobile devices as smartphones and tablets. Nevertheless, the use of mobile technologies for making online purchases continues to increase. Like almost everywhere in the world, in the UAE, smartphones, and tablets are now deeply integrated into various everyday activities of people and became an intrinsic part of their lives. The given trend and recent advances in mobile technologies provide retailers with many opportunities to reach new consumer groups, increase sales and profits. To facilitate the shift in consumer behaviors and encourage them to use mobile devices when shopping online more frequently, it is essential to know what benefits and drawback can smartphones and tablets have compared to PCs. The knowledge may help create new approaches towards the promotion of e-commerce among different population groups in the UAE. Methodology To ensure greater generalization of findings, a simple randomized sampling technique was used. The total number of participants was 33, and all of them were females. The study participants were asked to complete surveys that comprised questions regarding their demographic features and preferred tools for online shopping, as well as factors defining their preferences, i.e., convenience, interface friendliness, previous technology experience, accessibility, etc. The quantitative design methodology was employed to analyze the collected data. The linear regression was administered to examine the links between distinct covariates, i.e., age, time spent for online shopping, etc., and the numeric outcome (the use of a particular device). The mean numbers for two groups of participants of different age (18-34 years old and 35-44 years old) were calculated and compared by using the t-test. Discussion The research evidence is rather inconsistent with the findings of the literature review. While the United Parcel Service states that customers still prefer using computers over mobile devices (12), our study indicates that the majority of the participants (42.42%) usually use only mobile apps for online shopping, and merely 6.06% shop only via their computers. The findings also showed that most of the purchasers who prefer using mobile devices belong to the demographic group, age 18-34 years. The given age group is also commonly called as Millennials. According to Cabrera et al., not only Millennial consumers show a high level of online shopping activity compared to the offline shopping but are also characterized by a strong connectedness to various mobile internet devices (5). It may be considered a core characteristic of the given population group that distinguishes them from other generations. However, the highest percentage of participants (51.52%) demonstrated the preference in combining two different types of devices for online shopping. The number may imply that shoppers can use computers and tablets/s
We all live in a world of cliques, gangs, divided among interests, status in life, or any other criteria by which a person is considered to be acceptable to particular sectors of society. It is this criterion that we strive to achieve in order to feel welcome in a group. Thus, we define “fitting” as a way by which we choose the people we socialize with and who in turn define the kind of lifestyle one will have. In his narrative essay “It’s Just Too Late”, Calvin Trillin takes an in-depth look into how people are defined and forced to fit in almost from the very start of his or her life on this earth. Based upon the true story of FaNee Cooper, we are shown that our parents are the first people we learn to please in order to become part of the first clique in our lives, our family. The Coopers, FaNee’s parents did this by describing their first daughter as someone who never needed to be corrected and did what was expected of her by the family and the town members at large. She fit into their ideal of the “perfect child”. But FaNee did not fit into this group even as: She found it easy to tell her parents she loved them but difficult to confide in them. In layman’s terms, she did not feel “fitted into the group” that was her family possibly because she was passing through the rebellious stage in life that usually coincides with a teenager trying to “fit in” and finding his place in the world. As she began to no longer “fit in” the description of the perfect child, she began to “fit in” the description of a social problem instead. Finding a way to fit in is really a normal part of a teenager’s life. While in school, the teens can only fit into 2 categories, jock or geek or, as in FaNee’s school terms, jock and Freaks. FaNee found herself fitting in with the “Freaks” because she fit into the definition of the group. How exactly did FaNee manage to fit in with the Freaks? Simply put, FaNee fit in with them because : A couple of the girls were from similar backgrounds similar to FaNee’s. That is the precise and most accurate definition of fitting in don’t you think? The similarity is usually the key to fitting into a group because there is a central topic of interest that binds all of you together. But that is not to say that one will not fit in with a group even though there are differences amongst them. Let us not forget that the boy’s FaNee hung out with were: … the precise addresses, that Knoxville people associate with the poor Whites of Union County… The reason that they all got along and fit in as a group was that, although the girls came from prim and proper backgrounds, they were all into drug experimentation and hence “fit in” as a group. However, we can also glean from the essay that a person will try to fit into a mold that is presented to them for fitting into. As in FaNee’s case, she thought that because she was no longer a perfect child, and her parents made her feel their sentiments against her, she had to fit into the mold of the rebel child. To quote her friend Marcia, she felt that FaNee felt a need to fall into another definition of “fitting in” as far as her parents were concerned because : I guess she figured
This paper will be exploring the arguments presented in the book by C. S. Lewis, called “Mere Christianity.” The debate about moral laws and the laws of nature has been going on for generations and centuries. Basically, from the moment first moral norms and rules were outlined in various writings – there has been an argument, caused by the fact that no matter how well humans know what exactly is good and bad, right and wrong – they still tend to make mistakes and wrong choices. Moral limitations create a certain pressure on humans; this is why many people would doubt the correctness and the righteousness of these limitations. If being moral is pure good – then why is it so hard for human beings to behave according to all the proper rules and norms of a person with excellent morals? Lewis calls this law “the Natural Law” (Lindskoog and Ellwood par. 2). The sense of morality is something that is only available to humans. Many philosophers and writers have been exploring this matter, and with time they all came to a realization that moral sense gave us the best of our qualities, but also it became the ground for our worst qualities. Lewis states two main points of the argument. The author notices that the humanity is convinced that there is some certain correct way to behave for them, and even though they have this idea – they do not follow the correct way of behavior, they break their own moral rules a lot (Lewis par. 10). The points of view that argue with Lewis’s idea of Moral Law see the Law as noting but a herd instinct that naturally appeared in humans together with all other instincts. There is also an objection, which states that the moral laws and rules are the restrictions brought to us by our education and upbringing, it is a type of a social convention with fixed norms that have to be followed by human beings. Lewis is curious about the origin of all these laws and norms, wondering about the reason why humans all of a sudden started to assume that their way of living and their behavior are not the way they should be. The author uses a tree as an example – any tree requires soil, sunlight, and water to grow – no matter what type, or shape, or color the tree has, it would make no sense to say that the tree is wrong and is supposed to be different. Animals, flowers, insects are the way they are, and they do not have a capacity to doubt their own looks or behavior. Only the humans, the creatures with moral laws tend to judge, create frames that they have to fit in and then feel bad if they do not. Lewis calls these moral laws “peculiar” because they are different from the laws of nature. According
Japan is a country widely known for its strictness to work, the hard work of the country’s residents, and its attitude to a single style. The reflection of the style of Japan can be seen in the architecture, interior, and, most notably, in the uniform. The Japanese strive for a uniform style of clothing in the workplace, even at the smallest enterprises, in schools, starting from first-graders and ending with high school students. Among students, wearing a uniform is considered pride, and some young people entering universities pay attention to the uniform they will wear during the academic years. Wearing a uniform unites the people of Japan and contributes to various functions, such as the harmonization of society. The Japanese uniform is attractive because there is no single, strict uniform that all students of the country should wear. Each school has its uniform, which changes depending on the season, and has accessories that make it attractive. There are different schools in Japan: municipal and private. They differ not only in the form of financing but also in the strictness of the rules. Nevertheless, in almost every school, students are prescribed for attending classes in specialized clothing – school uniforms. In the 19th century, the Japanese government decided to introduce compulsory school uniforms in all schools. Lee et al. (2) state that in Japan, school uniforms were first established during the Meiji period in 1868-1912. Since then, the uniform has been widely distributed throughout the country, even though there have been attempts to reform school uniforms. “Japan is often said to be a land of contrasts, a place where the new exists side by side with the old” (Davies 33). This statement indicates that the school uniform was adopted in the Meiji era and still exists, only its appearance and materials of manufacture are newer and improved. Young people respect uniforms because it emphasizes belonging to an educational institution. It was decided to introduce it more than a hundred and fifty years ago. The idea was simple: children should not focus on the inequality of parents who cannot dress up children in the same way. Ever
Introduction to the Use of Ladders in the Work Place On average nearly 16% of all work related accidents involving falls occur from falling off a ladder, while it is often the case that such accidents occur due to the carelessness of workers this just means that it is a necessity to correctly choose the type of ladder required for a particular job and to utilize it properly (Naso, 18). First and foremost it must be understood that while there are different variations of ladders utilized for a variety of tasks and purposes all of them have the common attribute of having a duty rating. A duty rating can be described as the load capacity that a ladder is capable of handling before it exceeds the recommended allowable weight to be positioned on it. It must be noted that the term “load capacity”, refers to the total weight of a person + the weight of the tools, clothing and various other materials that they have with them at the time. Frank Heaven, a notable critic of the U.K. construction industry states that “as is often the case workers tend to measure load capacities based on their own weight and neglect to take into account the weight of the various tools and supplies that they’re carrying which is one of the primary reasons behind the number of accidents involving ladder failure in various construction sites” (Heaven, 36). When taking into consideration the number of work place accidents, style selection takes precedent as an important aspect of ladder use in construction sites. The reason behind this is rather simple, specific ladder types work well in certain types of conditions and environments compared to other types of ladders. Step tools, step ladders, platforms or general multi-purpose ladders are usually recommended for indoor use while taller types of step ladders or extension ladders are usually more appropriate for outdoor use. Proper use of ladders is particular important as seen in the commentary written in the resource journal “Plant Manager” specifically stating that “while specific ladder types are interchangeable depending on the circumstance at hand it is advisable to use a specific type of ladder that is well suited for the job at hand compared to settling for an alternative since this reduces the possibility of accidents from occurring” (Ladders unsuitable for sites, 6). Duty Ratings and their Uses As mentioned earlier there are certain types of ladders appropriate for particular circumstance depending on the inherent need, it must also be mentioned t
Introduction The Mahabharata covers the concerns faced in everyday living and provides solutions to them. It clarifies the definitions of happiness, health, pleasure, wealth, and truths. It relates one’s mentality and daily deeds to one’s future as well as defines freedom, captivity, wisdom and foolishness, death, governance, and their foundations. The Mahabharata deals with just about everything that affects people in life (Dharma 54). The Mahabharata challenges the obvious view of violence. It advocates for non-violence towards the others and to oneself. The highest dharma is non-violence, and the greatest gift is freedom. The Mahabharata shows that everything in life is interconnected and interrelated. Every aspect of man’s life is relational. A person has one enemy, ignorance of which is worsened by the existence of cruelty in him and the others. The Mahabharata traces the roots of violence and shows its impact on an individual and society in general. It also gives remedy to situations and sentiments, such as anger, revenge, enmity that may otherwise lead to violence. Below is an illustration of how the Mahabharata approaches the topic of non-violence. Benefits of non-violence Revealing one’s love can save the life of the others. One should be kind to the people as another person is a replica of oneself. Death is a disaster. Death is a fearful tragedy to every living being, thus one should strive to avoid causing death to anyone as the other person is his/her own reflection (Mahabharata-parva 116.8,17). The intelligent man should advocate for non-violence as it is a show of one’s value for one’s life and seeing that life in the life of the others (Dharma 24). Anger is justified when it is to restore justice The goodness or badness of the deed is dependent on the place and timing of such an action. This is to mean that a good deed may be considered bad with a slight variation of the circumstances the deed occurred. Force and forgiveness are two conflicting truths which are enshrined in all sought of human relationships, both personal and societal. Force can be used only for self-defense and justice, whereas forgiveness liberates oneself from the power of hatred and vengeance. In Adi parva of the Mahabharata , three stories of Aurva enable us to acknowledges that anger is justified in certain situations of life. Revenge is the ultimate justice to causing such anger. The Mahabharata explores the morality of revenge by using the persona of Ashvasthama who is Guru Drona’s grieving son. Ashvasthama’s anger is a result of the war where he and two other kaurava survived. At the end of this story, the Mahabharata shows that the world can be easily destroyed with help of anger and revenge. These two great powers exceed the impact of physical weapons even if they seem to be irrelevant and small. Just like firing a gun, using the weapons of anger and revenge can only be managed by persons with self-control, with a heart of forgiveness and reconciliation. Lord Krishna depicts forgiveness and reconciliation as th
The importance of culture in the success of the communication process cannot be underestimated. This is emphasized in the reflective essay below. Introduction Communication is an essential part of the daily life of every individual. Without proper communication, our ideas and views cannot be informed to others. Usually, communication starts when there is a need to convey a message to another. It refers to the process of exchanging ideas and facts from one person to the next. “Communication may be defined as the process by which an individual (or group of individuals) transmits information about ideas, feelings and intentions to another person (or group of persons)” (Pennington, 2002, p.12). Different factors influence the communication process. Some of them are culture, language…etc. Cultural differences of the people in a group/team affect effective communication among them both positively and negatively. This paper dwells on this aspect and describes the importance of culture in communication using a descriptive approach. Impact of culture on communication The culture has a significant influence on the communication process. The cultural differences can create conflicts and misunderstanding between parties involved in the communication process (Monippally, 2001, p.45). Culture’ has often been defined in simplistic terms as life-style of people of a community. But culture means much more; it encompasses various attitudinal and behavioral dimensions such as values, beliefs, expectations, norms, etc. All these make culture a complex thing to understand and has drawn the attention of researchers to study the various dimensions of culture and its impact on the people living within that culture. Within a culture there may be various sub-cultures on the basis of ethnic groups, religious groups, professions, etc., and differences exist among them. Many studies by behavioral scientists prove that all the people who belong to a particular culture have similarity in their thinking and behavior. Culture differs from one group to another and these differences can affect the level of trust and openness in communication that one can achieve with people of other cultures. Therefore the cultural difference should be properly understood in order to ensure an effective communication. Key points of Intercultural Communication We can communicate effectively in a cross-cultural context if we understand how one culture differs from another and on what basis. The commonly known cultural differences are; a. Contextual: Cultural contexts have a major influence on the way people interpret messages. High-context cultures like Taiwan or South Korea rely more on non-verbal communication than verbal communication; wheras low-context culture like the US or Germany, rely more on verbal communication than non-verbal communication. b. Social Differences: Social behavior is another distinguishing factor among cultures. c. Non-Verbal Differences: It is very important to understand the differences in the meanings which non-verbal communication conveys in the context of diversified cultures. The simplest hand gesture may signify different meaning from one culture to another. Pe