ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Deoxyribonucleic Acid which is commonly referred to as DNA is the nucleic acid that is used in the study of the genetics of the development and the functioning of almost all living organisms with an exception of a few viruses. DNA contains the instructions that are used in the development of living organisms. It is important to note that DNA is only applicable to the known living organisms and some known viruses. It can be compared to a code, blueprints, or recipe because the instructions it contains are applied in the making of other cell components which include the RNA molecules and proteins. The segments of DNA which hold the genetic information are known as genes although other sequences are involved in the application of regulating the usage of the information and also for structural purposes (Day, 12). DNA as the secret of life Probably human beings do not possess a curiosity gene, but it is a fact that human beings have a very formidable inquisitive nature that can be said to be a part of the combined messages that are attributed to their genes. This is why man has progressed dramatically from painting pictures on the wall to modern state-of-the-art technology and its application on various fronts like space exploration. All this are triggered man’s great desire to know and understand what is unknown. In this respect, some scientific researchers have endeavored to mine knowledge from the genomes’ codes (Allan, 104). The pioneers of this study were James Watson and Francis Crick who were ambitious to determine a three-dimensional DNA structure as early as in the 1950s. These two scientists used various methods to gather their knowledge about the DNA and although sometimes they used crude and dishonest methods to acquire their methods, their study has brought a whole new dimension to the study of genes. They greatly succeeded in bringing pieces together and in 1953 they presented one of the most successful breakthroughs in the field and that was the presentation of the double helix DNA molecule. What the two tabled was one of their strongest judgments that studying the DNA structure would be a very important study in the future (Kessling, 56). Since the discovery of DNA, and its various subfields which include structure and functioning, many biological scientists have unanimously agreed that this is one of the most important discoveries in the field of biological sciences in the twentieth century. This is because it has led to a significant impact on medicine. It has played a very important role in the identification of the genes that lead to disease development and also has shed a light on pharmaceutical production of medicine to prevent and cure these diseases. It has also played a very important role in the identification and the analyses of the genes that have led to some of the world’s greatest breakthroughs and which are responsible for changing science in the future (Cooper, 96). One of its greatest advantages is that in the fiel
Introduction The Lantern festival that is also known as Shangyuan Festival. A celebration takes place on the 15 th of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar. The festival is celebrated to mark the first full moon night in the lunar year and it symbolizes the return of spring. The festival brings together family members. During the festival the people light up fancy lanterns and eat rice balls to mark the celebrations. The celebration is very colorful as the people enjoy family reunions and the return of full moon. There are various activities during the festival however, the most important event during the Lantern festival is watching the lanterns and eating rice balls. Rice balls The main food eaten at the Lantern festival is the rice ball. In North China the rice balls are called Yuanxiao while in the South they are called Tangyuan. The rice balls have been eaten by the Chinese people for a long time from the time of the Han and Song dynasties. The rice balls are made from rice flour and can have other ingredients added too. For instance, sugar, nut lets, sesame, walnuts and meat are used to stuff the rice balls. The ingredients are sweetened because they symbolize happy futures for the people. Significance of the rice balls The rice balls are shaped into round shapes or ball shapes hence their name. they are made round in the shape of the full moon. They are made from rice flour, which is stuffed with various fillings. There are different ways of making the rice balls, which differ with regions and the fillings, used. hus, some rice balls have fillings while others do not furthermore different cooking methods are used such as frying, boiling or steaming and each of the cooking methods used gives the rice balls unique tastes. Eating rice balls is an essential part of the Lantern festival. The rice balls are made
In organisational settings, a decision-making style is crucial for the company’s success. Culture is one of the many factors that can affect managerial decisions. It is vital to study the link between culture and a decision-making style to analyse the motives and outcomes of choices. In addition, the impact of culture can be considered an understudied issue that is particularly important in the field of business (Agborsangaya & Omoregie, 2016). Investigations on the topic show that culture affects the decision-making style significantly. The study by Tian, Deng, Zhang, and Salmador (2018) reveals the link between cultural peculiarities and the aspects of the decision-making process. For example, the authors note that managers from high power distance cultures may feel uncomfortable while implementing innovations (Tian et al., 2018). Odongo (2016) supports this argument and reports that individuals are highly affected by their national cultures, adding that personal characteristics have an impact on their choices as well. Cultural aspects shape people’s perspectives, their thought process, as well as how they formulate their views, evaluate available options and analyse possible alternatives. Cultural differences affect socialisation and trade between individuals of different countries significantly; the understanding of their implications leads to positive outcomes of cross-cultural interactions. There are examples of various nations that have particular decision-making styles due to culture-related factors. For instance, in Germany, employees’ opinions are usually considered while making choices despite a high degree of formality and authoritativeness of employers (Bryant, 2018). In the US, on the contrary, individuals are asked to challenge managerial decisions, which allows for a more comprehensive approach to the selection process. In Scandinavian countries, choices are highly affected by societal factors as most of them are collectivist cultures (Bryant, 2018). Japanese people tend to avoid conflict, which may affect their decision-making process significantly and make it dependent on other individuals’ opinions. It is necessary to consider the impact of culture on the decision-making styles as choices may affect not only divisions within organisations but whole firms and even societies (Adler & Gundersen, 2007). It is particularly important for companies that have cross-border dealings. Understanding the background of foreign stakeholders’ actions and decisions is vital to avoid conflicts, misunderstandings and poor communication. Companies operating in international settings should ensure that their policies for each of their subdivisions respond to the needs and norms of corresponding cultures. Odongo (2016) adds that employers should concentrate not on studying culture as an entity but on analysing its effects in particular contexts. It means that decision-making styles among
Abstract Foreign relations between the UAE and the EU incorporate one of the most successful unions in the history of the world. The introduction provides a snippet preview of foreign relations before the background gives the history of the economic relations of the EU and the UAE. In closing, this section is a description of the economic relations shared between the UAE and the EU since its establishment to date. The subsequent section describes the development of relations between the UAE and the EU, mostly focusing on the period between 1988 and 2013. Importantly is the ability to discuss the challenges incurred in the union, the prospects, and the outcomes of the research before concluding. The outcomes discuss the benefits enjoyed by both the EU and the UAE in foreign relations while the prospects discuss the future of the union. Introduction The UAE and EU’s extensive engagements in international relations enable each entity to benefit from the other. The essence of foreign relations is to enable countries to concentrate on social, economic, political, and technological issues that affect them at a particular moment. Foreign relations have different categories, including those that enable free trade, which enables states to minimize or remove regulations that deter smooth trade operations. The relationship shared between the UAE, and the EU is the customs union, which expands the free trade. According to the customs union, even non-member countries experience the privileges offered to member states. This explains why countries within the GCC can easily conduct free trade with the EU States. Thirdly, there is the common market that enables member and non-member states to trade across different countries without regulations such as visas or work permits (Steers, Sánchez-Runde, & Nardon, 2010). Finally, the economic union, which also describes the position of the EU in Europe in which the member states implemented and adopted similar economic policies enabling them to abandon regulations that initially deterred them from conducting business in Europe. This paper intends to focus on the customs union and economic union shared between the UAE and the EU. This will include an extensive discourse of its background, present, and future. Background The economy of the UAE and development of the UAE In December 1971, selected countries in the Middle East decided to form the United Arab Emirates. This followed an agreement that would see the countries engage in free trade while adhering to the principles of international trade. This meant that the UAE would actively participate in international meetings while avoiding interference wit
Introduction According to the Oracle think Quest website, Japanese forms of art have often been taken to be the rigid preservation of historical habits where value is placed on the continuity of these forms of art. The Japanese gardens are classified into forms of art that are also considered as an important souvenir to their cultural, political, religious and social practices. As a matter of fact, it is through these gardens that we come to understand that there is a way in which ideas and values are incorporated into the Japanese people’s tradition over periods of time through the use of art and design. For the Japanese a garden is not just a collection of flowers, and trees, and orchards; gardens have an almost symbolic historical and cultural value as well (Oracle think Quest np). The main cultural differences between Japanese gardens and the western world type of gardens is that the western world believe in gardens which you can walk through whereas Japanese gardens have often been designed in relation to architecture and culture. Japanese gardens have often been a presentation of the natural world and nature’s beauty and stones have taken the center stage as importance in their artwork and have often been known to signify continuity (Bring 40). In these gardens, beauty is achieved through the means of the plantings. Plantings refer to the natural trees, flowers and other forms of shrubs that are planted into these gardens as a way of giving them the outlook of a natural sceneries and environments. The Japanese garden designers can also achieve beauty from the type of the materials used and how these materials inter twine to give a good representation of real nature objects such as the oceans, lakes, hills, mountains and the like. It is also good to note that objects in a Japanese garden tend to portray stability and motion. This is because such objects are arranged and relate in such a manner that the artwork to depict either stability or motion is clearly portrayed. Also, the plants used are normally of a great variety both in physical size and species. This is done so as to alleviate any form of monotony and any possible form of boredom that might arise. Indeed, Japanese gardens are meant to be a place where the troubled soul can find peace and relaxation and is also seen as a place of social settings. The Japanese garden tries to keep the appreciator subtly engaged; to achieve this they employ the sense of sight in using varied colors and textures, smell and sound by employing chimes (Bring 40). History of Japanese Gardens Japanese gardens can be traced back to around 592AD during the kingdom
Abstract The evaluation of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development in different age groups of childhood can be made due to the observation of specific subjects and conversations with them. As targeted participants in the study, a 7-year-old boy and a 14-year-old adolescent will be engaged. They belong to distinctive age groups; therefore, their indicators are likely to be different. For the analysis, theoretical concepts will be involved, and the academic studies of various authors will be used as a justification. As key assessment criteria, the respondents’ answers and the observations of their behavior during the interview process will be used. It is assumed that the development of both subjects is not characterized with any deviations; however, for more detailed evaluation, the findings will be analyzed in detail, and the data obtained will be used as a rationale for recommendations. Introduction The use of modern theories to assess the development of children and adolescents makes it possible to analyze much information about the principles of maturation. The methods of upbringing that are promoted today allow parents to receive maximum data about the characteristics of their children’s natures, difficulties at certain stages, and the ways of intervention. At the same time, distinctive traits among different age groups are significant, which is manifested not only in unique stages of development but also in the perception of the surrounding world. Based on the previously conducted interviews with two subjects, it is possible to perform comparative analysis and determine whether certain interventions are reasonable and which distinctive features the respondents have. This work involves the evaluation of the answers obtained and the review of those age norms that should be taken into account in specific cases. As a justification, topical academic sources will be utilized to support certain facts and arguments. Assessing the lifestyles of children and adolescents, analyzing their cognitive, social, physical, and emotional skills, and comparing specific indicators among two age groups may help to provide a comprehensive picture of their development. Analysis of Behavioral Observation Forms In order to identify similar and distinctive features in the development of two age categories, it is required to consider the data of the completed observation forms based on interviews with two subjects. As respondents, a 7-year-old boy and a 14-year-old adolescent were interviewed, and conversation with them is the main evaluation criterion. Among the key questions included in the survey, the subjects were asked to respond to how they perceived the world around them and communicate with their parents and peers, whether they had any difficulties with socialization, whether they had secrets and
Most people will agree that in the modern lifestyle, social and economic demands require one to cut back on sleep to achieve more or have better financial benefits. Although the sleeping patterns are natural and most people follow a certain fashion of sleeping such as during night, the sleep periods are different depending on age or other factors. Today’s human lifestyles have demands that forces people to alter/regulate the sleeping patterns for better social economic benefits. Majority of us consider that consequences of depriving ourselves some sleep are justifiable due to material gains. Statement of intentions I often suffer from taut financially demands/situations, which forces a reaction of regulating or managing my sleep patterns. Time management is an integral part of life that promotes my social-economic development. This argumentative paper supports the act of using depressants during sleep time to ensure alertness, particularly during daytime in order to meet economic and other social demands. The paper also holds up the notion that, today it is important to control the sleeping patterns, to conform to the lifestyle demands. Various depressants thus assist in boosting alertness in order to meet my diverse social demands. The drugs are mainly used generally to reduce the sleep delays, thus enabling one to utilize sleep-time to the maximum. Arguable Position I often use powerful depressants to overcome sleep-time delays, and thus utilize the shortened sleeping time to meet the next daytime demands especially work demands that cause fatigue easily. The depressants also assist in avoiding insomnia and time taken to fall into sleep or other common sleep interruptions. Taking the depressants ensures that I utilize the limited sleep-time maximally, for instance 4 or 5 hours is enough, in order to meet the next day’s work demands. I also utilize the weekend’s extra time and sleep more or compensate the weekdays’ accumulated sleep debts. According to Dement and Vaughan in “Sleep Debt and the Mortgaged Mind” there are depressants meant for giving support to people who experience sleeping difficulties especially the elderly, since sleeping difficulties emerge with age or due to body disorders such as insomnia or delayed sleeping patterns (460). The depressants may have various side effects such as changing the chemical state of one’s body, when used in excess. The drugs are also addictive when used over long period of time (Dement and Vaughan, 460). There are a set of sleeping rhythms that determine body functions such as alertness or jet lags, which are often experienced due to change of sleep pattern. In their writing named, “Sleep Debt and the Mortgaged Mind”, Dement and Vaughan indicate that understanding the effects of sleep indebtedness and processes of managing the problem can assist in improvement of the daily progress, and thus avoid injuries associable to insomnia such as diminished lifestyles (537). However, our daily activities are dynamic and too demanding such that our sleep patterns keep experiencing the lapses. Depressants ensure that
Introduction The Internet remains one of mankind’s most remarkable inventions in history, particularly in the area of communication. It probably ranks as high as the discovery of television and radio, both of which were invented much earlier. As people continue to marvel at the great capability of the Internet due to its extensive reach that surpasses all kinds of physical barriers, one area that calls for more interest and attention is on the influence of the Internet on democracy. Several scholars continuously attempt to conduct studies in this area, with others building on past theories and findings. Others conduct fresh researches to offer their conclusive and factual verdict about the relationship. Jurgen Habermas’ contribution in relation to this subject matter is significant in the sense that it offers a valid basis upon which this discussion and other similar ones can be supported (Habermas, 1991, p. 40). Opponents of the Internet, as a public sphere-broadcasting platform argue that the phenomenon is fast losing its democratizing potential. Instead, the opponents are conforming to the ways of the traditional media platform, including newspapers and televisions. Powerful players in society, such as multinational corporations, are argued to be the main influencers of newspapers and televisions through their insistence on obedience from the consumer audience. As Curran (2002, p. 114) asserts, ‘modernity’ as a concept is losing meaning because the Internet serves either as a reflection of modern production practices in every institution or as a means for enabling the supple testing of alternative and the eventual development of a new variety of capacities. In actual sense, the results of this struggle do not reflect on the technology itself. Instead, the social conditions shape the conditions that, in turn, result in the invention, as well as adoption of different technologies. In analysing the possibility of the Internet providing a perfect forum for rational political debate, I specifically maintain the focus on the online technology and the principles that may reinforce true democracy. The Internet is a powerful tool that gives the users the platform for coming up with content and sharing it widely and with ease. This aspect of the Internet is its main differentiating factor as compared to technologies such as the television, as well as radio. In other words, while the Internet is unrestricted, both radio and television characteristically remain controlled abou
People have always been trying to recognize their nature and understand all peculiarities of the work of their body. Moreover, people tried to determine what role body plays in human life. There were different points of view on this question throughout the history. Approaches to this issue came and went. At one period of time, philosophers thought that body is the main part of our life and people should take care of it. Time passed and people started to think that our body is just a repository for our eternal soul and that is why existence should be devoted to attempts to save our soul and prepare it for the further life. Each period of history presented its own vision of this question. Ancient world, which gave birth to philosophy and made such names as Plato, Aristotle and Socrates famous all over the world, always had interest to this issue. There were a lot of various approaches to this question suggested by different philosophers. Homers understanding of relations between body and soul and Epicurus vision of human life were attempts to describe this important issue. There was a great number of different approaches which tried to add something new to this topic. In this work I shall investigate the most interesting of them and make some conclusions. However, my thesis is that body is a very important part of our life and we should do everything to take care of it and guarantee its prosperity. One of the first to think about this problem was Homer. Ideas of soul and body and their mutual relations can be seen in his works Iliad and Odyssey . He touches this issue, describing this phenomenon in different ways. One the one hand, it is something which is very valuable and which a person risks when he is fighting. In case of a persons death he losses it. One the other hand, Homer describes it as something which a person is deprived of in case of his/her death and travels around the underworld. Sometimes, these two notions are compared and said to be the same, however the main thing is that Homer sees no possibility for a body to survive without the soul. If the soul detaches from a body, it cannot exist. It was one of the first descriptions of mutual relations between spiritual and material in human being. Homer states these ideas in his works, many times underlining importance of cooperation between these two main notions of human being. He underlines the fact, that these phenomena are equally important for a man. Mans body is responsible for a persons life in material world, while his/her soul guarantees a mans further existence in underworld. Homer does not give preference to one of these words, that is why it is possible to state that he considered them to be o