ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Accounting is a vital part in any business. Most businesses go under due to poor accounting applications. A well managed business ensures their book keeping is well done. Book keeping can be defined as a systematic way of maintaining records. These records are used for business focus and policy development. The cash invested in a trade should be monitored to ensure the dealing is yielding profits. Book keeping is not only used for profit and loss monitoring. Managers use their books to draft strategies for growth. A good and reliable system should be implemented to ensure financial accuracy. Once this is achieved, the report can be used in making equally accurate decisions. In this electronic age there is a number of accounting software available. I have identified two of these Microsoft Dynamics GP and sage MAS 90/ sage MAS 200 and compared them. Body Sage MAS 90 and 200 has an assortment of offers as a product. These include accounting, business clever apparatus, and consumer liaison supervision among other benefits. It permits suppleness to suite needs of the trade. The accounting allows for cash flow management. Distribution component permits the business to manage its inventory, while increasing efficiency in its production. This is made possible by use of the order planning and processing. The software also contains a trade intelligence section. This can be used to increase success of the business using tools such as vigilance, imminent reporter and information movement among others. A customer relation and human resource manager keep track of dealings in the business. Marketing and customer requirements are obtained readily using the sage MAS software. Employees are very important to the business and the software can be used for their management. Time and overall management of the business is also possible with this software. More business can be derived using the electronic Business constituent. Microsoft Dynamics GP as a software permits handling output and success of people and processes. A flowing and supple management infrastructure allows workers to do their work as they please but with good outputs. The software is user friendly as it incorporates Microsoft Office packages such as Word, Office and Excel. This will give the employees an easy work environment as they can familiarize with the packages. Microsoft Dynamics GP allows for a vein less business running system as it helps in teamwork and passing of messages. The software enables informed decision making as it shows direction of the business using data. Pre-developed report styles that assist the employees and can be transmitted to the relevant recipients anywhere. This tool al
Introduction In this paper, I will be evaluating a literature review research paper that was published in a journal publication. The article titled “A literature review of the individual and system factors that contribute to medication errors in nursing practice” written by Brady et al (2009) is a form of a desk-based review paper that utilizes secondary sources to investigate the extent of medication errors issue in health facilities within the context of nursing practice. In this paper, the authors review the findings of various actual research studies (26 in number), that have previously investigated the phenomenon of medication errors, and which have been published in authoritative publications. In this paper, I will provide a critical analysis of the above-mentioned article from various perspectives. Utilization of literature review in the article Notable to mention is that this article utilizes a form of desk-based review that relies solely on secondary sources to investigate the issue of ‘medication errors’. The implication is that the final article has relied on secondary sources that were selected to advance and prove a certain hypothesis regarding the issue under investigation (in this case factors causing medication errors), without having to undertake primary research. As such, in this article, the authors utilize the literature review used to write the article in three major ways: (1) To formulate theories that the paper needs to advance to lay the groundwork of investigating the issues at hand. In this article, Brady et al (2009) have a section on the paper titled “Theoretical approach” whereby the theories of the study are summarized which discusses the major categories of factors that are attributed to medication errors. Literature review has been used to develop themes through which specific factors that are attributed to medication errors are proposed. Finally, a literature review of sources by the authors in this article has served to prove the hypothesis of the study (which is not implicitly stated), as well as to validate the quality and authenticity of this article which is dependent on the sources used. Since all the sources used in the paper appear to be authoritative, the findings of this article consequently can be surmised to be similarly reliable. Ethical considerations As a general rule, every research-oriented study must incorporate very essential considerations of ethics that must be observed throughout the process of the research study. One such ethical issue to consider is referred to as confidentiality and privacy; in this case, the researcher puts in place measures that guarantee the privacy of respondent information that is given in confidence (Gilgun et al, 1997; Newman, 1994). Other ethical considerations have to do with the safety of study subjects or respondents. But since in this case prim
Presenting a summary of the article The article Women in Human Services Management cites key issues affecting women in their pursuit of managerial positions. Moreover, the study shows that although women seeking managerial roles have increased in numbers of late, the laws developed to champion for workplace equality and ensure visibility in managerial positions has not been beneficial to them; in fact, these laws have surged their challenges. Conversely, Women in Human Services Management points out that women aspiring to be in managerial positions have increased tremendously. Overall, there is about 42 percent of women in administrative, managerial, and executive positions and a further 5 percent are in top managerial positions presently. Similarly, in the social work profession, they account for about 80 percent of direct social work practice. Despite this high percentage, they are still being underrepresented in general administration and managerial roles. Highlighting aspects of the study that interest you the most What interests the writer is the survival techniques women use when advancing in managerial roles. As the study illustrate, woman use strategies such as creating external networks, crafting stress management skills among others to navigate these obstacles. They feel these strategies are important if they want to advance in managerial positions. Providing sufficient detail to understand the overall study, its contribution, and its limitations This study affirms the statement that women encounter barriers in their pursuit of managerial positions in organizations. These barriers have inhibited them from ascending to managerial positions. However, to ease these challenges, they have developed both individual and organizational strategies to enable them to achieve their goals. Though these strategies have been essential in augmenting their efforts, the organization’s environment, in terms of training and skill acquisition, has not been favorable for them. Summarizing research background and the main research questions The study shows that, for the last 20 years, more research has focused on women entering the managerial roles in organizations. Similarly, other studies have examined women in management about their gender. This study build’s on the earlier research done in the same field. The study aimed to determine the educational and professional backgrounds of women in managerial positions within human service organizations, identify barriers and problems that women encounter when moving up the managerial hierarchy, and explore specific strategies that women managers use to survive the demands of the organization’s life. Theoretical background Thompson and Marley (1999) cite the major obstacles that cause a ‘glass ceiling’ when advancing in administrative and managerial positions. The researcher explores factors such as individual and organizational as
Introduction Conflict is usually defined in many dimensions such as those that occur along perceptions, behavior or along the emotions. These three points of view are very crucial because they enable us comprehend clearly conflict complexities as well as the way conflicts sometimes appear to advance in contradictory courses (Uvin, 1994 p 496). Conflict in its definition in terms of perception usually refers to an understanding or belief that an individual’s needs, wants, interests and the values are ill-assorted with those of other people. This is a cognitive outlook which has both objective and subjective basics. Many scholars who follow this perspective contends that when one believe that they have irreconcilable values and interests and take action accordingly, then he/she is engaging in a process of conflict irrespective of whether they share the same perspective or not. Defining conflict in terms of feelings entails involvement of reaction to circumstances or an interaction that portrays some degree of disagreement. Emotions exhibited include bitterness, hopelessness, sadness and fear among others. These are sometimes the sources of conflicts. Conflicts of behavior or actions on the other hand are usually undertaken in order to express emotions, articulate people’s perception as well as getting their needs met through various ways that have probable potentials to interfere with other’s ability to meet their need as well (Rothman, 1997 p 59). Comprehensively, conflict refers to adversarial association or a discrepancy between two or more individuals, religions, between various groups and countries resulting from their differences in interests and perceptions. The disagreement may be intra-personal due to internal discrepancy within an individual (Lewis W.A., 1965 p 64). Many nations in the African continent are diverse and have different cultures, history as well as geography. They also exhibit different international relations as well as embracing various diverse internal policies. Complexities as well as diversities in many nations are reflected in the sources of the conflicts. In some countries, conflicts arise due to religion differences, various internal factors, while others may be due to other vital international dimensions. It is very common to find conflicts that have their origin in the history of the country. Other conflicts arises from cyclical aspects which might be connected to hostility which may be due to lack of fulfillment of ontological needs. It is however worth noting that the major cause revolves around leadership or rather political endeavors (Fisher, 1983 p 33). In this paper, an outlook is made on conflict in Rwanda. Many causes are examined as well as circumstances that led to the development of conflict or rather genocide that took pla
Knowledge can be spread in many ways which include; oral, visual reporting, writing, physical movements, education and training among others. Before the printing press was invented, disseminating and dispersing of knowledge was mainly through word of mouth, although in some parts of the world like Egypt and other ancient civilizations, there were scribes who spread information through writing of manuscripts, these were only read by royals and the elite of those societies. The relationship between the invention of the printing press and the spread of knowledge is significant. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg Germany in the fifteenth century made it possible, cheap and easy to rapidly spread knowledge to a large segment of the population that until then did not have the privilege and were eager to be informed. The first massive publishing of the printing press was that of the bible done by Gutenberg himself. Libraries were able to store information in great quantities for the public and at cheaper prices. The possibility of processing and preserving information in better and consistent forms greatly promoted the advancement of literacy, scholarship, art and science. Although most written material in the earlier times was religious, printing enabled production of information in other disciplines of life like physical, health and social sciences, art, music and literature. The quick spread of knowledge facilitated by the printing press is thought to have contributed to the Scientific Revolution, the Renaissance and the Protestant Ref
Summary Because of the aging population and the spread of infectious diseases, disabled people pose a growing concern in the scientific community and among healthcare professionals, especially those belonging to public health. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an additional severe burden on the conditions of the disabled by exacerbating social disparities and limiting necessary resources. This PowerPoint presentation aims at examining the given vulnerable population by describing its demographics, background, effect on public health, specific risk factors, and prevention strategies. In addition, the presentation will discuss the role of nurses and the overall public health sector in the present context and give examples of three medical facilities Problem Description People with disabilities are persons who have one or several physical or mental conditions that significantly restrict their main life activities and participation in social life. The given category also comprises individuals considered to have a disability, that is, those with impairment without a considerable limitation of their life activities or treated by entities or people as disabled (“What does,” n.d.). Impairments can be diverse in severity and type and include physical, psychological, cognitive, sensory, developmental, intellectual, or the combination of these conditions. In social contexts, disabled individuals tend to encounter various socioeconomic barriers and disadvantages, including increased poverty, lacked access to healthcare, and lower levels of education and employment. Current Population Demographics Unfortunately, in recent decades, the number of disabled people increased in all countries. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that about one a billion people, 15 percent of the global population, live with disabilities (World Health Organization, 2011). Herewith, the USA rate accounts for over 40 million people, that is, 12.6 percent: 12.4 percent of males and 12.7 percent of females (Erickson et al., 2020). Regarding age groups, the number of disabled persons aged between 21- 64 equals 10.4 percent, whereas those above 65 to 74 are 24.4. The prevalence of disability among Hispanic/Latino, Black, and White populations comprises 8.9, 13.3, and 10.4, respectively. Thus, as the latest data demonstrates, women, black, and people aged 65 and higher belong to the most vulnerable population groups. Individuals with disabilities are regarded as “the world’s largest minority” with limited access to education, healthcare, and other socio-economic opportunities. This situation is primarily stipulated by the deficit of available services, such as transportation, social justice, and information and communications technology (ICT). Furthermore, disabled individuals, pri
The goal of a social movement is to influence the political sphere. A social movement is a movement that is formed with an aim of addressing social concerns of a group whereas a political sphere in this case shall be used to mean a field of politics. This paper shall discuss this statement in relevance to two Australian social movements namely: the Aboriginal Movement and The Labor Movement. The Aboriginal Movement came into existence in early 1960’s with the core aim of addressing problems that were faced by the Indigenous Australians. Indigenous Australians were not allowed to reside and labor where they wanted, wed anyone, be responsible over their children, receive equivalent wages for equal labor, obtain education, participate in elections and to manage individual property (Brennan, 1997). The Aboriginal Movement was aimed at obtaining political influence, interaction and connections amid the American experience and the Aboriginal (Butlin, 983).Before the formation of this movement, Aborigines’ was politically marginalized. They were denied the right to register and vote in national elections. However, in 1962 as a result of the movement’s mediation, aborigines’ were let to register and vote during the lections. Up to 1967, Aboriginal Australians were officially barred from Australian nationality and were not enumerated in the Census (Brennan, 1997). The provision for voluntary electoral enrolment for Aborigines was abolished in 1978, therefore placing Aboriginal electorates on the same level with white voters. The Commonwealth Electoral Act was modified in 1983 so as to make electoral registration and voting essential for Aborigines. The statistical and political segregation of indigenous Australians, together with the outcome of financial weakness and social displacement, made the Aboriginal assembly more influential in the parliamentary prejudiced system (Verity, 2005). The liberal democracy had no array for indigenous Australians causing changes since Aborigines lacked the statistics to apply force on the electoral procedure, either straight through the election of contenders in place of the Aboriginal welfare or somehow through the load of Aboriginal view. As a result of political influence, several Aborigines are currently elected as certified candidates for the main parties to the congress all through Australia. However, autonomous Aboriginal candidates have all unsuccessfully been voted, except at local management level in a few areas (Gooder & Jacobs 2000). The prospect for augmented Aboriginal depiction in state and national politics is not particularly bright. In the Northern territory, The Labor Party discarded a suggestion in 1983 that it appoint Aboriginal candidates in all seats with a bulk of Aboriginal voters, which may perhaps well have more Aboriginal Members of Parliament (Jenny, 2007). On the other hand, the Labor Movement came into sight in South Australia during the 1880’s for
The Communist Part of China has constantly declared that their politics is the only path for Chinese women’s to free themselves from the constraints of the past discrimination and suppression. However, the efforts introduced by the CPS were insufficient because of the liberation process is impossible without feminist movements aimed at spreading tendencies of China’s democratization and modernization. In other words, full liberation of Chinese women from the historical limits of the past is not possible provided that they rely solely on the reforms and policies of the Chinese Communist government. Despite the difficulties and challenging encounters, the advent of the communist government have provided women with equality rights, freedom of marriage regulations and other benefits that males only had previously enjoyed. Specifically, post-1949 era introduced the Marriage Law of 1950, the Election Law of PRC of 1953 and, finally, women’s right to property, which is equal to men’s rights. In addition, wider opportunities were presented in educational spheres since more and more women started learning to read and to write. The basic strategies of the Communist Party of China were to attract as many supporters as possible to gain advantage over other rivals. Therefore, their strategies involve several reforms, particularly for Chinese women who were considered as significant resource of labor. By granting freedom of marriage to women, the government activated more women’s participation and movement that allow them to establish authority in 1949. This period, therefore, improved women’s status significantly so that they can enjoy similar rights with men. Given the introduced changes, the question remains concerning the validity of women’s liberation process after 1949. In this respect, specific attention should be given to the examination of the presented problem in a global context. The women’s human rights movement at the international level has currently pressed human rights organizations, particularly the United Nations to acknowledge that women’s liberation should be congruent with existing legal norms. In a post-war era, the United Nations issued the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a universal standard of granting rights and freedoms for all nations and peoples (United Nations n. p.
Is democracy in crisis in America? This question must be posed with increasing urgency, as there has been increasing questions raised by scholars, public, and politicians regarding its viability. In the 1970s, there was an increasing belief that countries like the US, Great Britain, Japan, and West Europe will move into a form of dictatorship be it by the politburo or junta (Crozier, Huntington and Watanuki 2). Thus, the pessimistic economic condition has led to a uncertainty regarding the future of democracy. The severity of the situation arises due to the homogeneity of American intelligentsia on the idea of democracy and the reported submissiveness towards all actions taken by the Government and capitalists to be right (Chomsky 77). The gradual desertion of the Western philosophies from the constitutional democracy has resulted in furthering socio-political factions within the country inciting self-interest. The law, which is supposed to a transcendence of political power, has evolved into a vehicle to promote partisan ambition and deriving obedience of the ‘Other’. Thus, the main problem that arises out of the crisis of democracy in the United States is how the Constitution is viewed. Presently American society is living in widespread doubt, especially of that of “free states” and in their ability to deal with the economic and political problems of the time. In most cases, it is observed that leaders of the democratic countries resort to autocratic methods to deal with demands of special interest groups in their bafflement of the modern life. Apparently, popular view suggests a declining sense of democracy in the country. This is widely associated with economic condition, society and environmental policy the US presently follows. Thus, American society, political condition, and environment have become a victim of the overt pessimism that the country faces due to the challenges that its democratic political condition faces. This essay will deal with the three major crises that the US is presently undergoing – the crisis of democracy, society, and environment. Democracy is the US is in a crisis. A simple look at the electoral participation by the people during the presidential elections of 1996 when Bill Clinton was re-elected as the President of the United States, shows that half of the voters who were eligible stayed away from the poll, and those who voted, 49 percent of them chose Clinton over the lackluster opponent (Zinn). Samuel Huntington showed that in the 1960s the main crisis that the American democracy faced were lack of trust on the government: “The democratic surge involved a more politically active citizenry, which developed increased ideological consistency on public issues, and which then lost its con