ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Michelle Obama once said, “it’s important for you to understand that your experience facing and overcoming adversity is actually one of your biggest advantages.” One of the biggest life challenges I had was being from a poor socio-economic background, where I often lacked the resources, opportunities, and even the simplest joys in life that my peers had. My family was experiencing a series of devastating and costly events, ranging from medical emergencies to house problems. A quick succession put the family under tremendous debt, which limited many of my options for success and education from early childhood. Like some other families in this situation, whose kids never graduated, could barely keep a job, and engaged in questionable, if not criminal behavior, I thought my future was determined. However, I grew interested in financing and investment, even entrepreneurship, early on. As soon as I was 12, I began to work odd jobs, eventually switching to part-time positions as a teenager. I started saving up and making smart purchases, creating some financial independence for myself into later years of high school. This gave me the confidence and opportunity to pursue my dreams and education. I do not think I would approach this situation much differently given the opportunity. Except for small fallbacks, I stayed the proper course of action by persevering and being determined. I sought out almost every chance that I could at the time. If anything, I would use the knowledge that I have now for more innovative long-term investments and perhaps spending some of the time that I chose to relax, on studying more, and improving myself. I realize how daunting and challenging the real world is, and it is essential for me to always be prepared for the future. I learned from this challenge that circumstance does not define who you are or what the future holds. One can withstand anything and overcome it with the proper determination. Sometimes, I feel overwhelmed and unsure about the future, despite having apparent dreams for myself. However, reflecting back on what I have gone through, I tell myself to look up and hope, working slowly at achieving new steps on my journey. It is a lesson I will never forget.
Generally the way a family organizes itself; this has a direct effect on the children. Many times because of the technology advancement children tend to allocate more time in video games or the internet during their childhood and this makes them have both positive and negative effects on brain functions and development (Schmitz, 2003). The positive effects on perception and attention may as well transfer to other computer-based tasks and beyond where these skills may be useful in an increasingly computer-based school and employment environment. On the other hand, adverse effects these include a lack of physical exercises such as carrying and lifting general health risks and a lack of expertise in excellent motor skills relevant for whole body activities such as playing football, jogging as well as having a walk around. Adolescence stage is the most crucial period of brain development which is typically characterized by the increase of risk-taking and a relative lack of inhibition (Morley, 2003). This generally poses potential risks on the current internet like gambling sites, but again the various technology use may reduce the time available for risks of mortality in real-world situations. The families are the most crucial determinant factor of social-environmental influences on children’s health, behavior, and development (Demo & Cox, 2000). Most investigations of children’s health and growth theorize that family variables comprise direct, mediating, or moderating influences on children’s health, child’s behavior, social and cognitive developmental results. Appraisal of the existing explore suggests that two significant domains that are the family income and family processes are primary influences on children’s behavior, health, and development. The family assets domain includes a family organization that is parental unions, family unit composition, and family source of revenue arrangements. The family socioeconomic status which includes the parents’ and other members’ schooling income, wealth, physical condition insurance, and individual capital. The social resources such as ties and admission to supportive others, family physical and mental fitness; and family identity that is identification with cultural norms. Family unit resources and processes figure the structure and excellence of children’s homes, childcare, discipline experiences, and financially viable opportunities. These possessions and processes affect children’s up growing and health trajectories and act as a go-between or moderate other ecological influences on children’s results. The natural world and stability of relations structures, as well as parental unions, household symphony, and living measures affect the child outcomes, including implementation of stress-responsive natural regulatory systems, levels of social competency and poignant regulation, and internalizing and externalizin
Introduction According to Haynes, the territory of Mississippi was created by congress in 1798 when United States was still classified as a young nation [1] . President John Adams, who was the president at the moment, had tossed the country into war with France, which was undergoing revolution at the moment. In 1790s, there was a western surge that was primarily caused by the defeat of the Indians tribes commanded by Gen. Anthony Wayne and the negotiation undertaken by the Thomas Pinckney, a U.S minister that reopened the Mississippi river. These unsettling times gave way to the possession of Natchez, a long disputed district that was named after a vanished tribe of Indians, passed to the United States [2] . The state of Mississippi was approved through an act of legislation on 26 th February 1836 [3] . According to Baca, the Native American Indian groups of Choctaw and Chickasaw were the most populous; the southern and central parts of the present Mississippi were occupied by Choctaw native group while the northern part was occupied by the Chickasaw native group [4] . History of Native Americans in Mississippi The core of the American Native group of Chickasaw was located in the present day Mississippi. In addition to this, the Chickasaw also possessed additional territories, in present day Western Kentucky, eastern Arkansas and western Tennessee. The cultural and language values of the Chickasaw native group were closely related to their counter parts, the Choctaw, who lived in the southern part of the present day Mississippi. The two groups in turn were culturally tied to their counter parts the Creek who lived in the eastern part of Alabama and Georgia [5] . The political organization of the Chickasaw was centrally placed in between the Creek and the Choctaw. This is because they were not as informal as the Choctaw was and on the other hand, not as rigidly structured as the Creek. The Natchez people, whose dwellings were along the lower side of the Mississippi river, were elaborate in their social structure. The land upon which the Chickasaw settled on was a flood plain of the Mississippi river, thus the natives were forced to build their houses and villages on the high patches of land to avoid flooding [6] . Effects of American expansion into lands of Mississippi valley and west of Mississippi river The years 1780-1880 were years of adjusting, learning, experimentation and fighting for dominance for land and the resources in it. In between this century, there was a decline in power and population of the Native Americans. Migration was another ef
An argument is a reason used to prove the truth of a particular statement. It should contain accurate information to support the claim. Argumentation has its structure; the first is the thesis statement, being the formulation of one’s position, proposal, or opinion. This is followed by evidence aimed at justifying the claim position. Arguments should explain why the interlocutor should believe or agree with another statement. Finally, there is demonstrating the relevance of the thesis with the arguments; at this stage, persuasion is achieved. An example is: Alaska is one of the states of the United States of America. Anne was born in Alaska. Therefore, Anne was born in the United States. A cogent argument is solid non-deductive reasoning having true premises. It has specific criteria; the first is operating with clear, precise, and simple concepts (Hitchcock, 2017). The second is that the information should be truthful; in case the reliability of the data has not been confirmed, then it is unnecessary to use such details until it has been verified (Hitchcock, 2017). Compelling arguments are always relevant to the subject matter, while all other reasoning should be excluded (Hitchcock, 2017). Cogent statements are always relevant to the interlocutor; they should be correct in relation to the opponent. All arguments are divided into inductive and deductive; the latter has a logical correctness criterion. This is the reasoning to which the standard of validity or logical correctness can be applied (Hitchcock, 2017). Valid reasoning is argumentation from the correct premises, followed by the proper conclusion (Hitchcock, 2017). Inductively strong arguments contain the inference method based on the development from a particular position to a general one (Hitchcock, 2017). Inductive inference connects certain premises with hypotheses not strictly according to logic but rather through factual, psychological, or mathematical representations (Hitchcock, 2017). There is a greater or lesser likelihood of inference concerning inductive arguments (Hitchcock, 2017). Based on the degree of probability, they can be divided into strong and weak ones (Hitchcock, 2017). The degree to which a statement is reliable or invalid depends on th
Exploring Yunior’s Behavior towards Aurora The relationship described in Aurora is a confusing combination of affection and violence. While it is difficult to comprehend, such a situation is not uncommon in the social and cultural setting of the main character. Both the dominant role and the level of authority exercised by Yunior’s father and his observations of the older boys’ attitudes towards the girls share the same set of characteristics and thus can be linked to his behavior and inner conflict that underlies his behavior towards Aurora. There are two aspects of behavior exhibited towards Aurora by the main character that prime their relationship. The first is love and strong affection towards each other. This can be seen throughout the story, as the characters continue to seek each other’s company despite the harshness of the protagonist. On some occasions, Aurora is very gentle and caring, such as in the episode described by the narrator “she picks off my glasses and kisses the parts of my face that rarely gets touched” (Diaz 52). The second aspect is the shockingly misogynistic behavior displayed by the main character. Most commonly, it can be seen in the bursts of violence that occur between him and his girlfriend. Interestingly such repelling and controversial behavior does not prevent the two from being together and on some occasions even creates an impression of a driving force that continues to hold their relationship together. What’s more, the main character himself recognizes this effect, describing it as “we hurt each other too well to let it drop” (Diaz 52). In certain situations, a violent act of one of the partners creates an equally repelling response from the other which was described by the protagonist as “She once tried to jam a pen in my thigh, but that was the night I punched her chest black-and-blue so I don’t think it counts” (Diaz 53). Such abusive behavior extends far and deep within the characters’ daily routines, topics of their conversations, and even the sexual practices. Frequently during sex scenes, the main character acts aggressively and harshly despite Aurora’s attempts to tone it down. At this point, it is worth no
Introduction Aussifresh is a company that sells fresh fruits, vegetables and Wine in the Australian market. It should be known that the company wishes to expand to the Asian market and this is a good development. Considering the fact that the company has a market share of 16%, it will be wise for them to expand their business and operations overseas for long term sustainability. This is because international expansion is a good strategy that can be used to expand a business. Vietnam is a market that has a great growth potential for Aussiefresh (Johnson et al 2008, p. 17). This is based on various positive economic prospects that have been witnessed in recent years. It is advisable for the company to go international because this is a good approach of ensuring that shareholders get maximum returns. Vietnam is a densely populated country that has had some considerable success in recent years and this is commendable. As far as economic growth rate is concerned, the country has made some considerable progress. This has been done after various economic reforms that have been initiated by the government. The country has a population of approximately 89 million people (General statistics office 2011, p. 15). Its capital city is Hanoi and this can be a major entry point. As a matter of fact, most people buy fruits and vegetables in the capital and this is a good signal. The major religion is Buddhism and the country has an area of 329,247 sq km (General statistics office 2011, p. 23). In recent years, the government has been coming up with the right polices to enhance growth. The country has a dynamic private sector and this can help to improve the business climate. The private sector has been encouraged to invest in the country because the government wants to spur growth. Vietnamese primary occupation is agriculture ands this is the right place for an agricultural company like Aussifresh. As a matter of fact, the country has a GDP growth rate of 8.5% and this shows that there is great potential. Vietnam has a labor force of 46.42 million with an unemployment rate of 5.3% (General statistics office 2011, p. 27). This labor force will be instrumental in enhancing the company’s operations in this new market. It should be known that the country has a lucrative agricultural sector because it contributes 19.5% of the GDP (Vuong 2010, p. 14). Executive summary Vietnam’s trade policies Vietnam can be said to be a transitional economy. This is because it is moving to a market based economy (Vuong 2003, p. 14). The government has been advocating for businesses to run their operations without any interruption and this is commendable. In this case, there have been various economic reforms. Most of these reforms are aimed at making the economy to be more market and private oriented to attract investors. The private sector is given various preferences that are aimed at making it easy for them to launch their operations in the country. The country has acknowledged that the key to its growth will be in foreign direct investments and this is good (Jahn 2006, p. 13). Just like any other developing country, Vietnam is committed to increase fore
The 1919 Treaty of Versailles was the peace treaty that put an end to World War I (WWI). At the time, the United States was led by President Wilson, who, prior to the US entry into the war, aimed at making peace “without victory.” A year before signing the treaty, Wilson delivered a speech in which he listed Fourteen Points that signified the country’s objectives following the conflict resolution. Among them, the president named the recovery of the European economy, self-determination of European and Middle Eastern ethnic groups, the fostering of free trade, and the creation of institutions, such as the League of Nations, to promote global peace. It should be said that the US participation in WWI changed its course, but at the same time, WWI transformed the US and impacted its new vision as a guardian of democracy around the globe. Though hoping for peace, after WWI, the United States was still aware of the German threat and, hence, prepared accordingly. Since the formation of the Republic, American political and military leaders have worked relentlessly on improving army organization and ensuring the country’s independence and security against foreign forces. Gentile, Linick, and Shurkin single out four important periods in the evolution of the US army: Constitutional moorings and the 19th century, the Spanish-American War to Total War, and the Korean War to Total Force Policy. In accordance with this classification, it is safe to assume that the roots of post-WWI US military politics date back to the Spanish War. The ongoing conflict provided an impetus for improving various aspects, such as training, equipment, and on-site medical help. The early 1900s were also the time when the debacle between the Regular Army and the National Guards. An important milestone of the post–Spanish-American War military reforms the 1903 Act to Promote the Efficiency of the Militia, and for Other Purposes , often referred to as the Dick Act. The new legislation required the states’ National Guards to recreate the “organization, armament, and discipline” identical to those of the Regular Army. In short, in 1903, state militia received federal recognition and became a reserve for the Army. Fast forward to 1916 the government passed the National Defense Act (NDA), whose main purpose was to mobilize the country’s reserves and make them apt for “industrial-era expeditionary warfare.” The act recognized that the National Guard units of the several states as a component of the US Army, provided their federalization. The further step was taken in 1933 when a new amendment emphasized the importance of the “raise and support armies” clause over the militia clause. From then on, the National Guard had to serve the role of an Army reserve at all times, though mainatining its ties to specific states. All in all, post-WWI politics continued the trend toward building up military power through extending, training, and educating reserves. During the 1920s and the 1930s, the United States military Joint Army and Navy Board introduced color-coded war pla
Nursing mentorship can produce multiple benefits, and a higher level of nurse retention is one of them. I think each beginner nurse would agree as well that sufficient degree of professional support at the workplace boosts confidence and helps to cope with stress much effectively. The term “mentoring” unifies a plethora of different activities aimed at performance improvement. According to McBride, Campbell, Woods, and Manson, (2017), they include “supporting, teaching, encouraging, challenging, counseling, affirming, coaching, advising, protecting, sponsoring, and providing feedback” (p. 306). Therefore, it is clear that a good nursing mentor must possess qualities that would make them fit for this position. As stated by Silkens, Slootweg, Scherpbier, Heineman, and Lombarts (2017), hospital-wide education committees can play an essential role in promoting the quality of training in clinical settings. They also add that the establishment of organization-wide quality culture and structure, as part of those committees’ work, are the major facilitators in achieving excellent training results (Silkens et al., 2017). Therefore, the claim that educators should develop a vision of promoting continual education in the hospital is absolutely valid. However, besides that, the committee at the workplace may need to engage in more culture creating and promoting activities. Some of them are the communication of mentorship values to nurses and other care providers across the organization and the alignment of the mentorship program mission with the general vision for patient safety and service quality improvement in the hospital. It is possible to say that these practices will help to engage the clinical personnel in continual learning more easily and, thus, will increase the chance for success.
In the past century, America has had great success in increasing life expectancy, since its achievement of the public health policies. Though there are over twenty public health achievements made over the century, the control of infectious diseases and tobacco use are the two critical achievements that seem to stand out. It is for these accomplishments that the health status of Americans has been improved, enhancing the quality of life. A social habit that was once accepted in the United States is now the cause of millions of deaths, and has proved to be a long lasting problem. Smoking was accepted in the nineteenth century until in the twentieth century when lung cancer became an epidemic among cigarette smokers. Over the century, researchers have documented over 10000 articles that link smoking to cancer. After years of research, the Advisory Committee to the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking as a cause of lung cancer in 1964. It is only after the declaration of cigarette smoking as a health hazard in United States that efforts were made to control this habit. Passive smoking, which is usually as a result of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, was also declared to have adverse health effects to the public. Even tho
“Ultra-Fast Speech Comprehension In Blind Subjects Engages Primary Visual Cortex, Fusiform Gyrus, And Pulvinar A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Fmri) Study” by Dietrich, Susanne, Ingo Hertrich, and Hermann Ackermann The article asserts that persons with vision impairment of a peripheral origin can learn to comprehend vocalized language at a frequency of up to twenty-two syllables in a second (Dietrich, Hertrich and Ackermann 1). The rate surpasses the maximum speed of normal-sighted hearers, which are eight syllables per second. In the article, functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) were obtained from people with vision impairment to clarify further the brain mechanisms behind this unusual ability. The experiment comprised of 25 participants. They consisted of 14 visually impaired individuals and 12 sighted subjects. People without sight understand speech at an enhanced speed compared with normally sighted individuals (Eardley and Pring 37). In the article, the researchers investigate how the brain speed up auditory comprehension in visually impaired persons (Dietrich, Hertrich and Ackermann 4). Both sightless and sighted persons were made to lie inside an MRI while listening to ultrafast dialogue. Later, the researchers investigated the brain areas triggered by the initiative. Results obtained by the brain scanner indicated that in visually impaired individuals the regions of the cerebral cortex, which usually replied to vision were responding to utterances. The involved brain regions are right-hemispheric primary visual cortex, contralateral fusiform gyrus, and bilateral pulvinar (Dietrich, Hertrich and Ackermann 8). They are located at the rear end of the skull (Jaworska-Biskup 78). In normal sighted persons, a large part of the brain is dedicated to optical processing (Li 830). In visually impaired persons, all this brain command would be unutilized (Mast 56). However, it was found out that somehow visually impaired individual’s brain rewires itself to link auditory areas of the mind to the optical cortex (Smits 65). It is for this reason that visually impaired persons have an enhanced capability of high-speed listening understanding. Understanding of brain func