ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary Chilquinta Energia is one of the leading companies in the energy sector in Chile, and it ranks third in the distribution of electricity. Its performance in the energy sector hinges on good management team that has successfully implemented a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) system in the company. In 2004, the management team implemented a successful BSC system and earned an award for the Chilquinta Energia for being the best project of the year. Prior to receiving the award, Chilquinta Energia had been battling with management issues, which had been slowing the progress of the company in the energy sector. Given that Chile’s energy sector functions in a liberal market that allows fair competition of both local and foreign investors, Chilquinta Energia sought to position itself in the market by adopting and implementing the BSC system. The BSC system is a management system that provides effective translation of strategies into measurable actions. The BSC system has four perspectives, viz. “financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth” (Arroyo and Pozzebon 1). Therefore, in the implementation of a BSC system, the management team assessed the performance of three companies; that is, Chilquinta Energia, TecnoRed, and Energas and thus called the system a three-level BSC. The chief financial officer asked Ms. Passuelo, a financial analyst, to prepare a monthly report showing the performance of Chilquinta Energia. Since there are many indicators to measure performance of a company, Ms. Passuelo formulated a BSC system for she knew that the best approach of selecting key performance indicators should be based on strategies that the company employs in management. Hence, Ms. Passuelo asked the internal consultants to identify key performance indicators and invited external consultants during the implementation phase. The management team also integrated information system into the BSC system for effective implementation. Key Learning Points   * Chilquinta Energia management received an award in 2004 for being the best management team of the year.   * Chilquinta Energia ranks third in the distribution of electricity in Chile and is a prominent company in Latin America.   * Chile’s energy sector operates in a liberal market where local and foreign investors compete on an equal platform.   * Decentralised and disintegrated information system slowed analysis and use of data in Chilquinta Energia.   * The BSC system must incorporate financial and nonfinancial parameters, and translate company’s strategy into measurable actions.   * Cause and e
Thesis Economic prowess of any country depends on availability of factors of production in that country and extends of utilizing such factors towards economic development. For instance, the ability of country to be agriculture productive depends on whether it has enough and fertile lands. Again we get minerals from the land and if our land has abundance of various minerals then the changes to economic prosperity are high. Entrepreneurship refers to ability of the country’s labor force to co-ordinate other factors of production towards achievement of goal; does the country has enough experts to deal with challenge or does is depend on external professionals. Another question to ask is whether the countries population can provide enough and desirable labor force (human effort for production). Finally, a country requires capital for investment such human capital, fixed, working and financial capital. Availability of affordable capital favors investment and hence economic growth. Body Cayman Island comprises of three islands namely Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman located in western side of Caribbean Sea. “The latest 2008 census estimates the Island’s population to be about 65,000 comprising of more than 100 nationalities; 60 percent African-Europe mixture and the remaining 40 per cent half of them are of European origin and the other half African decent.” 1 (Murton) In the beginning, isolation and lack of natural resources have been the main hindrance to viable economic activities. Initially the main economic activity for the Cayman citizens was harvesting sea turtles. Agriculture at that time was enough to feed the Cayman island small population, but lack of enough land curtailed its expansion as the population grew. After depletion of the turtle population in 1970s, the industry was replaced by financial and tourism industries. Despite being a small island the islands gross domestic is ranked 12 th in world’s highest. “Currently the economy of Cayman Island is fueled by financial service and tourism services sectors accounting for 70to 80 per cent of the island’s gross domestic product.” 2 (Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs) The emergency of tourism and the financial sectors as the pillars of Cayman island economy was fueled by development of modern communication and transport in early 1950s.The Seven Mile Beach is the main attraction feature in the islands which is ranked as one of the best beaches around the world. Most of the islands large hotel and resorts are located on this beach. Its capital city, Georgia town has modern state of the art port were major ships which carry tourists dock every day. It is estimated that at least 22,000 tourist visit Cayman Island daily, five days in a week. Apart from beaches there are h
Summary HOME, Inc. is among Boston’s non-profit organizations that operate in diverse areas of activity, including both education and arts. This slide demonstrates HOME’s current address and depicts its location in the South End neighborhood. As of now, HOME is headquartered in a building of great significance to the city’s history and culture – the Harriet Tubman House. The discussed building is part of the United South End Settlements that support citizens in the South End and Lower Roxbury areas by offering daycare, health-related, and educational services. The organization has moved to this location relatively recently, and it operated the Bates Arts Resource center at 731 Harrison Avenue for the majority of its history. The South End Neighborhood As per the recent demographic statistics, the neighborhood’s population size exceeds 30,000 people, making it the tenth most populated community in the city. With more than 13,000 individual households, the South End ranks seventh in Boston in terms of population density. When it comes to the population’s racial composition, the South End is a predominantly White neighborhood, which is rather typical for Boston. White Americans make up more than 46% of its total population, whereas people of Hispanic origin (except for Asian Hispanics and Black Hispanics) present the second most common group. Information about HOME, Inc. The name of the organization presents an abbreviation from “Here-in Our Motives Evolve,” which hints at HOME’s social focus and orientation, as well as the willingness to foster new generations of creators and critical thinkers. Making a difference in citizens’ lives serves as the organization’s mission formulated by Alan Michel, HOME’s one and only director. HOME aims to fulfill this mission by means of diverse projects, ranging from collaborations with local public schools to providing local artists with access to equipment to create artworks of social importance. As of now, HOME receives funding from twenty-nine organizations, including both local and national agencies, foundations, and governmental departments. The leadership structure of HOME, Inc. requires special attention since it has informed interview planning efforts and the selection of one interviewee to represent this organization. Being the most frequently mentioned person when it comes to HOME, Alan Michel, a sculptor with a Master of Fine Arts degree, acts as the organization’s director and co-founder. He has been fulfilling diverse tasks, including staff and project management, partnership development, and overseeing any operational and fiscal activities, for more than thirty years. Other prominent leaders include Bruce Dillenbeck and Lisa Pearl. They perform program coordination tasks and are responsible for the management of media labs and guiding media mentors’ work. Interview Planning Alan Michel has been chosen as the interviewee for the next phase of the data collection process. Having managed HOME’s key activities since its establishment, this person can be justly regarde
Background Plastics form perhaps one of the distinguished engineering materials of today. A plastic is “a material that contains an essential ingredient of an organic substance of large molecular weight…it is a solid in its finished state and at some stage in its manufacture” (Eckardt, 1976, p.103). Plastics appear in two categories: thermosetting or thermoplastics. Over the last five decades, the production of plastics has immensely increased with Germany, the United States and Japan accounting for about 60% of the total monomers and polymers production all over the world (Zittling & Vanio, 1980, p.1179). Plastic material finds wide usage in many fields. Consequently, people will more often than not find themselves exposed to them through water, air and or food while not negating likelihoods of occupational exposure. As Sitting and Vanio reckon, “there is close physical contact with manufactured products used in packaging consumer products, construction materials, transport applications, textile fibers for clothing and furnishings, rubber goods, adhesives, insulation, electronic and electrical products” (1980, p.1181). More often than not, plastics come in handy in the production of packaging for all these products. Though the words plastic and resins have wide usage in the contemporary language synonymously, there exists an enormous difference between the two terms in plastic production technology. Resin is a homogeneous compound referred to as polymer used as the starting material in the forming process. A plastic, in plastic technology, refers to the final product that comprises of the resin, fillers, pigments, plasticizers, and stabilizers among other additives. Chemical hazards, in the plastic industry, are more often than not associated with these additives together with the monomers rather than the finished product itself. This is because the final plastic products are inert. The rest of the report concentrates on the introspection of the chemical hazards (problems) of plastics, effects of the hazards, and then wide up by looking at possible solutions. Overview In the plastic industry, there exist a myriad of untested and or suspected chemicals including elastomers in use. Consequently, there is a hefty need for control of occupational environment coupled with the distribution of various chemical in the plastic industry from various occupational sources. A key occupational hazard in the industry is fumes generated when resins combined with various additives are subjected to high temperatures. Additionally, plastics more often require the printing and stampings using paints and dyes that comprise of fuming chemical compounds. Even if it is a safety requirement for workers in the printing departments within the plastic industry to have their protective gear on, they still have exposures to occupational chemical health hazards. Effects of occupational health hazards Liver angiosarcoma is one of the hazards likely to afflict people working in the plastic industries. Acroosteolysis, produced by vinyl chloride, which is widely a constituent chemical component of materials used in the plastic industry, also poses i
Marketing plays a pivotal role in sale and profit maximization. However, the marketing strategy should resonate with the audience if success is to be achieved. The Avengers set a new box office record by earning over $700 million in sales during its opening weekend. Critics and marketing specialists attribute this success to strategic marketing, effective branding, aggressive advertisement and promotional techniques. This paper will review the marketing trends used by Marvel to ensure the success of The Avengers. According to Jones, The Avengers movie tickets sold through Fandango broke previous records with more than 68,000 tickets sold in the fastest-selling hour (1). Similarly, the author states that the movie also set a new record for mobile sale (Jones 1). On Sunday, mobile sales amounted to 42% of the overall ticket sales. Jones attributes this success to the use of mobile and internet marketing trends, which are the primary choices used to buy tickets by most weekend moviegoers (1). Similarly, Faw states that the success of the movie sales was based on the five-year promotional plan that started in 2008 (1). According to the author, Marvel has actively promoted the movie through comic books, character merchandise (toys and action figures), TV and print advertisements, and strategic partnerships with shops such as Wal-Mart, Aeropostale, and toys R Us among others (Faw 1). These marketing trends helped Marvel to promote the movie and raise the targeted audience’s anticipation leading to the record breaking ticket sales during its opening weekend (Faw 1). On the same note, Woodrooffe suggests that the five-year plan, millions of dollars in global marketing and carefully selected celebrities led to the success of The Avengers movie (1). The author states that the combination of actors made the movie appealing to many different people (Woodrooffe 1). In her article, Woodrooffe states that each actor in the movie has numerous fans, therefore creating a marketing mix fits for multiple demographics (1). She also discusses the gaming and mobile applications that have been used to spread the word across millions of internet gamers and mobile application users (Woodrooffe 1). In regard to reviews, Maltin asserts that the movie is among the greatest blockbusters yet. He attributes this to the fact that it is witty, distinctive and enthusiastic (1). The movie critic further states that the movie is a combination of intelligently orchestrated scripting, imagination and spectacular special effects. Comments posted on Maltin’s blog page agree on the fact that the movie is a great showcase of what being a superhero is all about. People who have watched the movie state that it is humorous, action-packed and simply awesome. This
Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder that is associated with hyperactivity, inattentiveness, impulsivity, excessive motor activity and distraction. It affects people of all ages. ADHD is diagnosed in childhood from the age of seven and adolescents and most adults with the disorder link it to their childhood where it was either noticed or ignored. The causes of ADHD are not established concretely in research studies although it is linked to genetic, hereditary or biological factors as well as environmental and social factors to a certain extent. Addressing ADHD in children is significant since early diagnosis and treatment of the condition during childhood can alleviate it. The prevalence rates of ADHD are high in children and if not dealt with during childhood it usually creates more problems in adolescent stage. Sufferers of ADHD are at risk of engaging in negative behaviors such as substance abuse as well as the onset of depression. The use of behavior modification in addressing ADHD is very important since the medication alone cannot transform the sufferers whereas monitoring it is very difficult. This research project establishes the use of behavior modification in dealing with ADHD in children. Summary of Articles Relevant to the Research Project Article 1 Chang, H., Chang, C., & Shin, Y. (2007). The Process of Assisting Behavior Modification in a Child with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Nursing Research, 15 (2), 147-154. The authors of the article are Chang Hsin and Chang Ching of the National Cheng Kung University as well as Shin of the nursing department in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. The objective of the article is to offer a description of the process of behavior modification for a child diagnosed with ADHD. The research involved a child who had not reported positive effects despite undergoing treatment of ADHD using medication. The child was subjected to behavior modification together with medication for the next year with the medication based on the prescription of the doctor. The behavior treatment was based on the drafts of the doctors and experts with major techniques being punishment and skillful reinforcement. The information was collected from interviews with parents and teachers and other observation. The results from the research were:  1. The child improved in self discipline in his daily life.  2. His social interactions with friends improved.  3. He finished his school work and games on time. The research establishes that behavior modification when carried out together with drug treatment im
Introduction Elena Ferrante’s novel The Lost Daughter is a psychologically complex exploration of a woman’s experience of motherhood. It tells the story of 48-year-old Leda, a mother of two grown-up daughters, who goes on a holiday and is unexpectedly confronted with painful memories from her past. The book shows the development of Leda’s character from childhood to adulthood and motherhood. Leda’s personality is shaped by her childhood traumas and relationship with her mother that influence her own experience of motherhood and her relations with her daughters and other people. About the author Elena Ferrante is a popular Italian novelist who works under a pseudonym and keeps her identity secret. Her books, originally published in Italian, have been translated into many languages and are sold all over the world. Ferrante’s most widely known works are a four-book series of Neapolitan Novels that follow the lives of two girls born in Naples in 1944 from childhood to adulthood and old age. In her books, she touches upon the topics of adolescence, sex, motherhood, female friendship, marriage, and class. About the novel The Lost Daughter, published in 2008, tells the story of Leda, a divorced English teacher of 48 and a mother of two grown-up daughters. After her children move to Toronto to live with their father, she is left to herself and starts to enjoy her independence. She decides to take a holiday by the sea, in a small coastal town in southern Italy, where she meets a Neapolitan family and gets acquainted with a young mother and her daughter. On an impulse inexplicable even to herself, Leda takes the child’s doll left behind on the beach, setting off a series of events and memories that painfully remind Leda about her past. Leda’s character development The main plot focuses on the story of the taken doll and Leda’s relationship with the girl’s mother, Nina, which unleashes in her a flood of memories from her own childhood and motherhood. Leda’s reminiscences of her life are scattered around the story, provoking the reader to reconstruct the timeline by themselves. Leda is an unreliable narrator, whose memories are influenced by her emotions and traumas that shape her behavior and personality. Childhood Leda’s reminiscences of her childhood are crucial to understanding her character. She grew up in Naples, detesting the city and its inhabitants from an early age. She felt constrained and alien among her relatives, whom she regarded as domineering, violent, and vulgar. Since childhood, Leda has aspired “to a bourgeois decorum, proper Italian, a good life, cultured and reflective” (Ferrante 67) and fled the city at the first opportunity, wishing never to return. Her prejudice against people from the south of Italy affects her judgment when she encounters a Neapolitan family at the resort. Leda’
About the company Dairy Commercial Holdings is based in North America. The gap in the provision of a wide range pasteurized dairy products created the need to form a dairy company in the area hence the formation of Dairy Commercial Holding. The primary line of business of the company is the production and sale of daily products such as ice cream, frozen desserts, milk packing, yoghurt, and chilled dairy products among others. Products of the company are sold both in the domestic market and a number of neighboring countries. Dairy Commercial Holding is a public company that was formed by Brigham White in 2003. The owner raised capital from savings, note payable and bonds payable. In 2009, the company was listed on the stock exchange, thus making it a public limited entity. Environmental scan factors There are a number of models that are commonly used by managers to carry out environment scanning of their businesses. When making major business decisions, it is important to carry out an analysis of the possible impact of the decision on the business environment. Some of the models are PEST, SWOT and PESTEL. Based on these approaches, some of the factors that managers will focus on comprise of political, economic, social – cultural, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Out of the six factors, economic and legal factors are the most important in making decisions on whether to continue or to stop the operations of the business (Bhattacharyya, 2011). The economic factors will give information on the cost of production and the profitability of the company. It will further give information on various variables in the economy such as interest rate, exchange rate that are likely to affect future growth of the company. On the other hand, legal factors give management information on the various laws that might affect their decision. Some of the important laws are consumer law and employment law. All the other factors are significant however, economic and legal factors will have more impact on making the decision to close or continue with operations (Siddiqui, 2005). Evaluation of financial performance of the business Total cost of workers in a month = 100 * 20 * $70 = $140,000 Cost of other variable input in a month (20 working days in a month) = $2,000 * 20 = $40,000 Total variable cost in a month = $140,000 + $40,000 = $180,000 Variable cost per unit = Total variable cost / total number of units = 180,000 / 6,000 = $30 Total cost = fixed cost + variable cost The integral of marginal cost gives the total cost. Thus, from the marginal cost, we can obtain the total cost. Total cost = 30Q + C Where Q = units of output C = constant of integration and it represents the fixed cost Assume that the value of the fixed cost (C) is $100