ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Changes to a single system component causing the need for changes to the controls The risk treatment actions involve the avoidance of risk, reduction, transfer, and acceptance. This sequence is a part of a larger cycle that includes establishing the context, identification of the risk, its evaluation, treatment, monitoring and review ( Treat Risks , 2009). The first component of the risk treatment framework (avoidance) refers to the decision not to go through with the procedures that may present a risk; the second one (reduction) stands for the minimization of the possibility of a risk in the future; the third component (transfer) involves outsourcing the potential risk to the other parties so that the risk outcomes affect the other areas; finally, the last component (acceptance) stands for the admission of risk as an existing factor whose level is monitored and taken under control ( Treat Risks , 2009). When the changes are introduced to any of these elements of the system, the whole structure changes. For instance, when the stage of avoidance is not followed, the risk remains and keeps requiring new controls. The same happens when the second, third, and fourth steps are not addressed. In other words, the cycle remains incomplete and needs to be reevaluated with the addition of new or different control measures. The necessity to modify the Cyber Insurance coverage in case of a change to a system component Carter (2015) mentions an example of changing the cyber risk insurance policy for a purpose to add the aspects protecting the company and the employees from bodily injury and property damage. Such modification will expand the terms and conditions of the policy and introduce changes into the activities which the policy is expected to cover and respond to. The newly added aspects may contain potential threats to security. As a result, due to the change in one or more of the system components, the whole sequence of the risk treatment actions is to be re-visited to address the new dangers. Namely, the component of risk transfer is being adjusted due to the changes in the security insurance. The policy directly correlates with the component, and that is why the change in one of the elements will require the other party to be modified as well. The application of pre- and post-implementation assessment when implementing a control According to SANS Analyst Program, the controls may cover versatile dimensions such as the applications and the vulnerabilities of network and endpoint devices, malware defense, data protection, and the access and recovery (Hietala, 2013). For the information security professionals to choose which controls are the most applicable to the particular situations, they are to a
High-Performance Team (HPT) Theory Characteristics that describe a highly successful team and not successful team High-performance teams have a set of characteristics that enable them to work together effectively. Chong provides a number of these characteristics (208), which can be synthesized as follows:   * effective communication among team members, and between team members and the leader;   * effective distribution of time (the least important tasks take the shorter amounts of time) and tasks;   * the commitment of managers, and the team members’ ability to work well under pressure. At the same time, the characteristics of low-performance teams can be synthesized as follows (Chong 210-211):   * difficulties regarding fixing the time of meetings, and low attendance at key meetings;   * the team members do not understand their roles clearly, are not enthusiastic about them, and experience difficulties while learning from the leader;   * the leaders are not effective and are not supported by the team members. Research Findings on HPT As can be seen from the characteristics of high-performance teams provided by Chong (208), effective communication, distribution of time and tasks, and commitment of the members of the team are crucial features for successful team performance. At the same time, such relationships between team members must be grounded in mutual trust. It is stated that trust is “a crucial factor for team performance,” and that team members who do not trust each other usually have trouble explaining their opinion, asking questions, and providing ideas that can improve the outcomes of the teamwork (Hakanen and Soudunsaari 40-41). Thus, it is apparent that without trust at least such characteristics as effective communication and commitment do not emerge in a team. Therefore, when creating a team, it is recommended to employ various techniques that would build trust among the team members. Key Criteria for HPT To evaluate the effectiveness of a team and identify whether it is a high-performance team, Stoner offers to employ the following criteria (n. pag.):   * Alignment. Assess if the team members have a shared vision, whether they are moving together in the same direction, and whether each of them has a separate objective that correlates to the main goal of the team; this goal also has to be SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound).   * Effective team process. Evaluate if the efforts of the team members are coordinated and whether there exists open communication, opinion-sharing, problem-solving, etc.   * Empowerment. Identify whether the team members feel that they have both individual and collective power to achieve their objectives and the team’s goal.   * Passion. Determine whether the members of the team can be characterized as having high levels of enthusiasm, energy, inspiration, and the desire to work together.   * Commitment. See if the team members feel a deep commitment to the goals of the team, to the purpose of its existence, and one another.   * Results. Check whether the team is capable of achieving good results, setting high stan
Interest groups are alliance of persons with shared common interests resolute on persuading public policy in their favour. This non-profit advocacy groups enjoy federal tax exemption under the 501(c) (3) edict and discounted mailing charges. The rules however prohibit interest groups from active politics however, the 20 percent rule allows them spend a maximum 20 percent of their budget on advocacy and unlimited funds on lobbying. The National Rifle Association of America (NRA) started in 1871 during the Civil War in New York; is one of the most powerful interest groups with 4.3 million members. Along with the Gun Owners of America (GOA) they form the Gun Lobby pressure group, advocating for gun ownership as a civil right. They have vast influence on lawmakers in Washington ensuring firearms rights are not interfered with by opposing groups. Based on the Second Amendment of the Bill of Rights, the gun lobby interest group has successfully fended off anti-gun lobbyists arguing that every American has a right of gun ownership, self-protection and hunting rights. Despite efforts by elected officials to tame the groups, lobbyists always prevail. Lobbyists exert their influence in the US Congress through committees and subcommittees where most of the legislation is deliberated prior to the enactment of bills. Failing to consult these groups will mean the bill stands little chance of passage within Congress. The NRA has effectively forestalled the restriction of gun permit issuance for concealed armaments with only seven states managing to pass the laws. Similarly, gun lobbyists have gone to court in jurisdictions like Washington, D.C. with strict gun control laws and managed to overturn bans on gun ownership. NRA successfully opposed the reintroduction of the Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994 advocated by gun control lobby when it expired in 2004. During the Katrina disaster, the gun lobbyists opposed the confiscation of guns actively lobbying for legislation in Louisiana Act 275 and the Federal sponsored Disaster Recovery Personal Protection Act of 2006 that prohibited confiscation of legal weapo
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret was a French architect during the 20 th century. He was born in Sweden in 1887 where he spent most of his early life. However, in 1930, he changed his nationality and became a French citizen. He was an urban developer, architect, writer, designer and painter (Lang, 1994). It is through his remarkable designs that he received his nickname, Le Corbusier that was a rather annoying resemblance to his ancestor. Despite the fact that he did not like the name, Charles decided to keep his nickname. Le Corbusier career lasted five decades from the early 1900s to late 1950s. In the course of his career, he was able to design several buildings in Europe, North America, South America, India and Russia (Barnerjee, 2011). It is through his remarkable designs that many scholars refer to him as the father of modern architecture. Throughout his career, Le Corbusier experienced a lot of achievement. Le Corbusier finished his studies just after the end of the First World War. During this time, he taught at his old school. However, he spent much of his time practicing the theory of architecture. He presented his ideas through plans and models. Just before the onset of the first world war, he teamed up with his cousin, Pierre Jeanneret to start an architectural firm that would last up to the 1950s (Barnerjee, 2011). They also formed a studio for painting and photography in France during the early 1920s. However, Le Corbusier grand debut came about in 1922 when he presented a solution of increased number of city dwellers in the cities of France. The French officials had for a long time experienced the problem of increased population from the individuals of the lower class. This problem had led to the growth of slums within the cities. Le Corbusier presented a model of cell like houses that could be built on top of one another to create more space. In addition, this design allowed for each cell to have a bedroom, kitchen, bathroom and living room. This allowed for more people to live decently in a small area. This design is still in use up to the present moment. At the same, Le Corbusier presented a contemporary city model to the government of France that would accommodate approximately three million people. This model comprised of a city with huge skyscrapers covered with glass, steel-framed office building, residential areas, a transportation hub including an airport, a train station and a bus terminus, recreation facilities and many other accessories. Although not all of these were adopted but most modern contemporary models for many other cities in the world adopted this model. It is due to these works and many others that Le Corbusier was regarded as the father of modern architecture. In 1961, he was awarded with the Frank P. Brown medal for his hard work (Moos, 2009). Due to his achievements, it will be an honour to write a book on such an individual. He is the pioneer of modern architecture. Most of his styles and designs are still being used up to the present moment. The buildings that he designed are of great histori
Introduction Each nation has its unique origins and the specific history which affects the peculiarities of the development of national customs and traditions, and the place of this nation in the world history. From this point, the history of the nations which were dependent on their more powerful neighbours during a long period of time and had no opportunity to develop their political, economic, and social life independently is significant for the discussion. The Welsh people are among such nations which are continuously struggling for their independence. Today, Wales is considered as the part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In spite of the fact that during several centuries Wales depended on the peculiarities of the development of Great Britain, these territories always differed from the other parts of the United Kingdom in terms of their historical development, political progress, cultural features, and the usage of language. Thus, the Welsh nation has its origins in the brave Celts which were also unique in their specific language. The history of Wales is closely connected with the history of England, and the development of its cultural features depends on definite historical events. However, Wales is the distinctive territory in the United Kingdom the population of which tries to preserve its cultural and linguistic peculiarities with concentrating on the historical lessons. The History of Wales Ancient Wales During the Bronze Age, the territory which is known today as Wales was inhabited by the Iberians and Celts. The Celts came to these lands in 600 B.C., and they were more powerful and warlike than Iberians. Thus, they quickly became the ruling force at the territory. The organisation of the Celts’ life was tribal. The main occupations of the Celts were the war activities and rarely hunting (Jenkins 2007). The tribes were ruled by the kings who formed the top of the tribal hierarchy. The next level in the tribal hierarchy was occupied by the Druids who were the tribal priests and realised the control over the tribesmen’s following to the Celts’ laws
Entrepreneurship has developed over the last decade in Dubai due to the expansion of the economy and the existence of several business opportunities. In the year 2015, approximately 210, 000 small businesses were started but 187, 580 were still running by the end of the year. This represents a success rate of 67% with the failure rate averaging at 33%. This paper will examine how Dubai supports innovation and entrepreneurship. The authorities in the city of Dubai have rolled out a series of initiatives to promote innovation and entrepreneurship. These initiatives include funding, strengthening the business interaction environment, promotion of innovation, remodeling of the intellectual property rights, and provision of ready market. As part of the entrepreneurship promotion strategy, the government in Dubai has made it easy for potential entrepreneurs to access startup capital through a partnership with the local banks to provide cheap loans within the Sheria laws. These loans are easy to access and have very low-interest rates (Kotler and Keller 19). Therefore, capital for a startup business is very easy to access in Dubai. Through public and private partnerships, the local authority and businesses in Dubai have created sustainable technology incubators that promote technological innovation as part of the general entrepreneurship (Mariotti 31). In Dubai, the opportunities for business incubation and technological innovation have expanded by more than five times in the last five years due to expanding business space as part of the trade policy. The business laws in Dubai have been modified and aligned to the business needs through intellectual property rights. This means that a business that intends to launch a new product can patent the brand name and ingredient through the Dubai trade regulation authorities (Sidani 413). As a result, entrepreneurs are assured of the right of their innovations since the anti-counterfeit laws are very strict on product identification. The patent rights prevent unethical business practices such as double registration of a similar product brand. These laws have acted as the pull factors for local and international businesses since they are guaranteed protection of their ideas. The local political and
My growing up years are filled with action and, to say it bluntly, adventure. I want to fill my young years with the things that allow me to express myself through the sports that I really like to indulge with. One of these sports that I have devoted much of my time is martial arts, more specifically tang soo do . The term might be new to many of us because what is popular is tae kwon do . What is tang soo do and how is it executed? Tang soo do is an Asian martial art. In Korean tradition, it is called tae kwon do – done with a combination of the foot or leg and the fist. Doing it is a way of discipline. Tang soo do or Tae kwon do is dynamic in both its evolution and performance, and this dynamic nature is often reflected in the lives and minds of its practitioners like the Korean people. Yes, tang soo do or tae kwon do originated from Korea and became so popular that the Koreans have lived with it all their lives. Tae kwon do was elected as official sport at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games (Pawlett & Pawlett 17). Tae kwon do is associated with other Asian martial arts such as kung fu, but the style of martial art that most closely resembles tae kwon do is karate . It makes similar use of strikes, kicks, blocks, and punches. Many Korean martial art schools known as “kwans” teach tae kwon do . This is a discipline, a way of life and a philosophy of a people. This and the many other facts and techniques of tae kwon do have allowed me to admire and practice the discipline. I have been doing this since I was very young, and now I think this will be a part of my life for the many years ahead, perhaps until I admire and practice sports. Not too long ago I was invited in my school to participate in a sports invitational. There were kids from the different schools, but some were Asians, particularly Korean Americans. I know some of them personally from way back in a school of tang soo do or tae kwon do where I attended and came to know the basics. Other kids were surprised to know why I knew the Koreans, and the more they were surprised when they saw me fight the way of tang soo do just like how the Koreans did it. Because I “played” tang soo do with Asians, my school mates now regard me as someone. Sometimes I feel they regard me as an Asian, or, as one of my classmates has said, “You are one of the tang soo do kids.” I don’t feel offended, in fact, I feel proud. The Asians are a proud and distinct race; their ancestry can be traced way, way back, to thousands of years. And I feel proud to be regarded as one of the Asians who have known, felt, and lived with this ancient art and philosophy. But let me elaborate how this art is executed. When you fight or execute tang soo do with your feet and fists, the discipline is felt as an art, like the way of dancing; but it’s not dancing actually – it is self defense, a way of life introduced to a people centuries ago. I have competed for the sport and visited many cities such as Boston, Atlantic City, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Endicott, Binghamton, and many other cities of the United States, all because of my love
As the world’s population ages, the frequency of coexisting chronic illnesses is rising. Coronary artery disease is a type of disease during which plaque accumulates in the blood vessels, restricting blood flow to the heart. This is due to the combined impact of risk factors, as well as the consequences of age (American Heart Association, n.d.). Coronary artery disease’s usual risk factors include unhealthy behavior (smoking, consuming alcohol) and physiological issues (stresses). Coronary artery disease can be developed from childhood or passed through genetically, however, it can be avoided by sticking to a healthy lifestyle. It should include regular physical activities, balanced nutrition, and avoidance of bad habits (American Heart Association, n.d.). Coronary artery disease can also be chronic, which increases the importance of its prevention. Rehabilitation from coronary artery disease is designed to reduce possible risk factors and improve the patient’s health outcomes. Exercise, patient education on lifestyle changes, illness treatment, and psychosocial support are the major components of the treatment of coronary artery disease (Marzolini, 2020). The restoration of blood-brain barrier function, ischemic hembra, cardiac issues, the risk of hematoma enlargement, and other physiological difficulties all influence activity prescription parameters (Marzolini, 2020). The American Heart Association and American Stroke Guidelines both encourage aerobic exercise mixed with strength training. I chose the issue of coronary artery disease because of its high prevalence in the modern world. Many people are addicted to smoking and drinking, while the overall population of America is also aging, which are the main risk factors for this particular type of disease. Moreover, the lack of resources, such as money, qualified staff, and equipment, became a significant obstacle to the accessibility of rehabilitation programs (Marzolini, 2020). With the increasing concern about coronary artery disease, it is important to address these problems.
Tree of Knowledge This book is dedicated to the phenomenon of knowledge and cognition. Understanding the relationship between knowledge and cognition has important psychological, sociological, and ethical complications. The author analyzes knowledge through the prism of culture, biology, and linguistics and presents a unified concept of cognition and concept formation (Maturana & Varela, 2008). The weakness of this book is that it is presenting its findings in an attempt to reform the modern scientific method while not backing them up with empirical evidence. The book is important to my research because it describes knowledge as an action performed by the knower, thus erasing the gap between the classic interpretations of knowledge and understanding. Achieving Knowledge: A Virtue-Theoretic Account of Epistemic Normativity The purpose of this book is to investigate epistemic normativity, which is a central theme in contemporary theories of knowledge. The author reflects on the thinking processes and practices and establishes knowledge as more than just simple ‘data,’ but viewing it as achievement instead (Greco, 2010). According to the author, knowledge is a result of conscious effort rather than information received through perception (Greco, 2010). The weakness of this book lies in the fact that the author does not present any opposing arguments to his view. The information gi
Patient safety is a significant concern in medical surgery and health care in general. It refers to the absence of preventable harm to patients during healthcare that often leads to adverse events. The National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) are promoted by the Joint Commission responsible for accrediting health care facilities and patient safety (Jhaveri, 2020). While making any decision in hospitals, one of the main criteria considered is patient safety. Though sometimes can be compromised, understanding the role of NPSGs in offering safety in healthcare environments is critical. The NPSGs specify the best clinical practice in various areas, such as correct identification of patients, proper communication among medical providers, safe use of medications, prevention of infection, and patient safety risk. The first goal is to ensure correct patient identification, which entails using at least two identifiers when administering medication or collecting specimens. The acceptable way of identification is through the patient’s name, assigned identification number, or use of a personal telephone number. Another essential safety goal is to improve staff communication within the health facility. This involves getting the proper test to the respective person within the expected time and upon request (Siman et al., 2019). Health care providers must ensure safe use of medicines by labeling all medication containers and solutions and discarding any unlabeled medication. In addition, using the medicine safely ensures accurate records of patients’ medical information are kept. Preventing infections to the patient is the main goal of the NPSGs. Medical practitioners must ensure they reduce infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms, clean hands before attending patients, and help prevent surgical site infections (El-Jardali & Fadlallah, 2017). As stipulated by the Joint Commission, other goals are identifying patient safety risks by analyzing specific patients’ characteristics and the features of their environment that may increase risk. Prevention of surgical mistakes, patients from falling and periodically reassessing patients’ risk of developing pressure ulcers by preventing bed sores.