ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Oedipus, the King of Thebes was married to Jocasta. At the start of the play, he was not aware that he had slept with his mother or that he had murdered his father. Eventually, he came to terms with the fact that he was the one who was betraying his kingdom and felt very guilty, to the extent of blinding himself using a brooch. As a tragic hero, Oedipus had an apparent tragic flaw which resulted into his humiliating and sorrowful fate. Through his pride, he disbelieved the gods and looked after the source of plague rather than his inside self. However, Oedipus tragic flaw was not very evident- since it was reported that his sins took place before the onset of the play. In a vigorous tempter, one of Oedipus’ sinful acts happened when he killed a man in cold blood. Eventually, Oedipus weak character that saw him dismiss Teiresias’ judgment together with the case of the Oracles’ prophesies led to punishment from gods. He suffers because of a blasphemous act which was reported by Sophocles as follows: Ha! O dear Jocasta, why should one believe in prophecies? Why look to the birds screaming overhead. They prophesied that I should kill my father! But he is dead and buried deep in the earth. And I stand here never having raised a hand against him. The oracles, they are worthless (930). In the play, the main character was presented as someone who thought of himself as better than someone else or rather better than something else. When he wanted to make certain decisions, he often committed an error in judgment. These attributes are also known as tragic flaws, which lead to overconfidence, excess pride, and weakness in making verdict. It is such attributes that led Oedipus into self-destruction and downfall. He often plunges himself into situations that he can hardly escape from. Furthermore, when he chooses to get angry, he ends up choosing to kill (Hogan 255). In another incident, Oedipus decides to free from his homeland and deserts his father and mother. He also turns a blind eye to the city and fails to recognize the reality. Incidentally, Oedipus is portrayed as a very tempered character, something that lands him into destruction and downfall. No matter the challenges he undergoes, Oedipus does not seem to be perturbed by his fate. He is instead quick to make unwarranted judgments and is very quick to get angry. He convinces himself that Teiresias is ignorant to the city and lacks feelings. This is evident when he says “Indeed I am angry. You must be a conspirator in the deed. If you had eyes, I would have said that you alone murdered him!” (Sophocles 780). Oedipus is symbolized by the importance of family and governing power. That is actually why he refuses to listen to the prophet Tiresias’ warning, something that made him discover the awful covert that resulted into his blindness, and on the worst, cursing his chil
Animal identification is routine practise done on any livestock which entails giving the animals a unique identification number or mark to distinguish it from the rest. This identification mark is usually given to an individual animal but in some instances, a whole flock or herd is allocated a single identification mark. The National Animal Identification System is the main body that is responsible for animal identification in the United States. Not only is animal identification exercised in the US, it is a global affair hence carried out also in the other parts of the world because of its importance. Animal identification is a requirement to all livestock keepers despite the size of their flock. There are many reasons as to why animal identification is carried out with the main reason being that of being able to identify any animals that have contracted disease within the shortest time possible. Other reasons include ease in traceability in case animals mingle with others, tracking the animals during slaughter among other reasons. Animal identification may be mandatory or voluntary depending on different countries. Nevertheless, countries that follow the National Animal Identification system tend to have a larger market for their exports of animal products. The main reason is because the public will have the notion that these animals have had a good tracking arrangement in their life time. The public trust that animals with identification marks are free from disease or infections since the National Animal Identification System is responsible for identifying sick animals as they occur and restricting them hence avoiding transmission to the rest of the flock or herd. This therefore creates assuredness to the public in the kind of products they are getting in the market. As a result such a country or ranch incurs high profits as compared to those without animal identification programs. Not only is animal identification important to the public, it is also of great help to the producers themselves. With animal identification programs, the producers will be able to trace back their flock in case of disappearance. They will also have the benefit of getting their animals treated immediately they contract any infections hence avoiding mass losses through death. Since animals have been distinguished and movement is restricted, there will also be reduced risk of cross-contamination from one ranch to the other. Another benefit of animal identification to the producer is that of being able to keep distinct production and health records of each animal. Animal identification has its shortcomings to the producer as well as to the general public. The process of installing identification is costly financially. This cost therefore p
Psychologists argue that fathers should be always available when their male children are growing up. They must strive to be role models to the boys and help them grow up to be responsible men in society. This argument raises many questions. For example, what happens when the father is irresponsible? Must the boy adore the father even when he is always doing the wrong thing? Theodore Roethke presents this conflict in a more realistic way in his poem My Papa’s Waltz. This paper examines this poem in terms of the way it presents this message, its sound effects, its rhetorical devices and all its structural aspects. The title, My Papa’s Waltz , raises suspense in the reader. It is difficult to tell from the title whether the persona acknowledges or disapproves of his father’s waltzes. Many dictionaries define a waltz as a progressive ballroom dance whose performance takes place in a closed place. Many people do not expect a father to dance in front of his son. Therefore, the readers look forward to understanding the theme of the poem after reading the first line. However, reading the first line and the second line, “The whiskey on your breath could make a small boy dizzy”, further confuses the reader. At this point, the audience expects the persona to be very disappointed with his father to the point of not associating with him. Roethke unravels his main argument step by step as the poem progresses. Roethke divides the poem into four stanzas, and each of them carries one idea. The first stanza gives the description of the persona’s father and what the persona thinks about him. It describes the father as being drunk to the point of making the boy dizzy with his breath. Surprisingly, his son does not stop being close to him. He continues dancing with him. Th
Introduction The burning issue of efficacy of drug enforcement laws as a means to reduce crime has received much concern from the media and the public. In his paper, Shepard and Blackley have analyzed data from 62 counties of NY State for the years 1996-2000. Data analyzed included arrest figures for crimes such as assault, burglary, larceny and robbery. By correlating the data with different models, the authors did not find any relation with increase in drug arrests and reduction in crime. The authors have questioned the attitude of law enforcement agencies that claim that by increasing figures of drug arrests, other crimes would be reduced. Obviously, there is some gap in the thinking of law enforcers. Shepard (p. 324) points out that after President Nixon declared the war on drugs and banned drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, heroin and amphetamines, the US government uses 2/3rd of the federal budget on enforcing drug control policies. By 2002, the government had spent 12 billion USD and arrested 2 million offenders, increasing the penalties. The disproportionate allotment of budget has neither reduced drug trafficking nor drug consumption while budgets for other services such as the National Research Council have been curtailed and the government cannot perform a cost benefit analysis of the spending. To correlate their data and findings, the authors have used different econometric models such as the microeconomic analysis of crime control and drug policies (p. 328). Main body These econometric models were applied to a crimes variables such as assault, robbery, burglary, larceny, hard drug sales, hard drug possession, marijuana sales and were measured on a scale of 1000 arrests per variable. For better correlation, the variables were measured along with the unemployment rate percentage and population density to obtain the sample mean and standard deviation. The data reveled crimes that occurred more frequently and after applying the fixed effects models, a pattern emerged. According to Shepard (p. 337), crime rate fell when unemployment percentages were reduced but there were no determinants to show that crimes reduced because of increase in the number of arrests. The authors conclude that there has to be more funding for research into effectiveness of law e
Introduction The declining international oil price has had a significant socio-economic and political impact on all the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states. According to Amineh (2017), since June 2014, the international oil price per barrel has plummeted by over 70%. The impact is that the region lost over $ 360 billion in revenue in 2015 alone (Cambanis & Hanna, 2017). The GCC member states heavily rely on the sale of hydrocarbons in the international market to fund their budget. Although countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Qatar have tried to diversify their economies, oil and gas remain their primary source of revenue. El-Katiri (2016) says that the petro-states of the Arab Gulf are now faced with a new reality that they had not anticipated would come that early. Most of them had been developing strategies to ensure that their economy would remain stable in the post-oil era. Hellyer (2016) says that geopolitical realities such as the Arab Spring and the instability in some of the regional states such as Iraq and Yemen have complicated the problem further. Most of these countries are faced with immense budget shortfalls, but they feel they have to be responsible for their citizens as it has been the case in the past. Many are moving with speed to curb public spending as a way of managing the reduced inflow of revenues. According to Behnassi and McGlade (2017), GCC countries are considering cutting subsidies that they have been granting their people for m
Throughout Greek mythology, the question of whether women should have power in a patriarchal society or not is a story that never ends. The Greeks are ambivalent towards female power. In some cases, the female is allowed to have a say but not as much as their male counterparts. Absolute female authority and freedom is most often thought to cause havoc or corruption. In other words, a lot of mythical stories state that, in order to stop the corruption that might come about if females have freedom, it is necessary that the society reinforces some ideal behaviors and proper conduct. However, at the same time, the powerful and prominent presence of women in the myths illustrates their importance. Even in a patriarchy the female character is not undermined. Most myths seek to establish a perfect balance between male and female dominance by virtues of courtesy and respect. The constant quarrels between Hera and Zeus is a perfect example of male dominance. As a result of her constant anger and displeasure with Zeus’s decisions, Hera often contests and confronts his husband, even though she fears him. Although she is aware of his superiority, she is oftentimes contentious and opposes him, and by no means will she submit comfortably to his direction. Then again, she declares that, “I am likewise a god, and my race is what yours is, and I am the first daughter of the devious-devising Kronos…” and then she continues, “lets us both give way to each other…” (Homer 58-59). This shows that Hera Fears Zeus but at the same time respects him, and does many of the things she does out of courtesy because she still has some power over him, as long as it does not interfere with Zeus’s wishes. Consequently the idea of respect and submitting to patriarchy is even seen in the human level. To prove this, there are some ground rules that a woman is supposed to follow, which dictate how a wife should behave. Penelope and Clytemnestra are two extreme and contradictory examples of a Greek woman. One is a good and faith wife, and the other is the total opposite. Penelope, the faithful one, is illustrated as the ideal woman. In the absence of Odysseys, she remains loyal while suitors beg to be with her. She devises tricks and schemes but always holds back even after twenty years of absence. She is the infallible wife because she still grieves and weeps for her beloved Odysseus, and when interacting with the suitors, she holds “her shining veil in front of her face, to shield it…” (Aeschylus 330). In contrast however, Clytemnestra rejects the role of a proper wife and murders Agamemnon. Not only does she Murder her husband, she also engages in an affair and sends her son away. “There is no trusting in women…” (Ovid 556) which is what Agamemnon said to Odysseus and what the Greeks thought to be true at the time. Sequentially, the myth of the Bacchae indulges this Greek ideology more. The theme of this myth is man’s ultimate fear of female laissez-faire. The Bacchaes were women of Thebes who left “home to frisk in mock ecstasies” (Homer 91), and who have wandered off leaving their family to drink wine and dance. Ill-fated Avage is a symbol of what is to come if
The product we are going to implement is absolutely new for consumers, so internal investment may be available for business. Requesting for internal investment, we are going to point to new marketing strategies and expansion where funded resources are going to be spent. The chocolate business which is going to be led has financial resources to undertake internal investment (Sprague, 2008). The business should try to spread as much as possible information about the specifics of the business to the potential internal investors to make those interested in the revenue they are going to receive in the future. A corporate business sponsor is a good opportunity for the company. Having conducted a research it was concluded that there is a sponsor who is ready to finance this kind of business. ING Australia Holdings Limited and ING Australia Pty Limited are the Australian departments of the ING Corporate Investments B.V. This organization is ready to invest its corporate finances in business which is a strong niche player. Having developed a new niche on the market, the organization should show the priorities and benefits of this business. Having only a business plan, this organization should show its best sides to ING, pointing to the minimal risks. The development potential should be shown as well. Robust cash flow substantiated forecast is obligatory if “Indulge” wants to get corporate investment from ING Corporate Investments B.V. This organization also declares other requirements for the company which is interested in being invested, namely engagement of other shareholders, experiences and skilled management, the possibilities for the creation of the value and main requirement is that h business should be understood for the company (ING 2011). Other Required Resources Except for funding and financial resources, business requires other types of resources, like people, assets, and a business plan. Having searching for investment, it is obvious that we are going to use other people’s resources. Thus, the rent of the space and equipment with the opportunity of further buy-out is a good start for the shop. Being a simple business, the use of outside advisors may be a good alternative as, still, some decisions should be made in marketing, management, advertising, shop running, etc. Dwelling upon other resources in business, it should be mentioned that it is possible to reduce the costs by means of employing graduate students. Their services are not very expensive as they lack experience, but the fresh ideas they have are really great. There should be a person responsible for business liability, harassment, and risks. The services of attorney may be used if they are necessary, thus this resource should be outsourced only in emergency cases. An accountant is a human resource which is inevitable in our case. Internet resources also become important for business development and modeling dynamic online services. It is necessary to create a web site of the company with the novelties offered i
Synopsis This chapter in the textbook summarizes the five moves of analysis that later have dedicated chapters: suspend judgment, define significant parts and relationships between them, look for patterns of repetition or anomaly, make the implicit explicit and keep reformulating questions and explanations. Suspending judgment is presented as the first and, in a way, the most important step. It is a predecessor to any step-by-step thinking and a pervasive phenomenon overall, with many philosophers going so far as to consider it an innate part of human nature. Defining significant parts and establishing the connections between them are easily the most recognizable parts of any analysis. The key element of this part lies in its tendency of moving from larger to smaller, from greater to particular. It can be seen as symbolic of high-quality thinking overall. It allows people to deduct their conclusions based on the premise instead of designing them blindly. To comprehend a subject, one must get past our initial, general, evaluative response to find what the subject is “composed of,” the specifics that most strongly contribute to the overall character. The third element focuses on making implicit explicit, stating and highlighting the parts that were meant from the beginning. The implications aren’t concealed, but they aren’t entirely spelled out either, making them difficult to extract. The term, as is summarized within the textbook, implication is derived from the Latin word implicate, which meaning is to fold in . The concept of implication is opposed by the term explicit. It literally means folded out, revealed, and brought into the light. The fourth element of looking for patterns involves identifying either case of systemic repetition, binary opposition, or anomalies. The repetition is significant because it indicates a tendency within the information body. With anomalies, in particular, it is important to recognize them early on in the analysis, to avoid the data analysis getting skewed by uncharacteristic outliers. Finally, the fifth stage of analytical thinking urges the researchers to keep reformulating questions and explanations, keeping their minds flexible and open to new discoveries. It is not uncommon for an author of the work to change their stanza on the subject throughout the writing process. By maintaining the willingness to question and being prepared to face setbacks and unexpected results, the author sets themselves up for success. Quotes “tendency to judge everything shuts down our ability to see and to think” (p. 5) “move from generalization to analysis” (p. 6) “hidden meanings” (p.7) “the repetition may not be exact” (p.8) “shouldn’t expect to know exactly where they are going at the start of
Introduction Great philosophical thinkers like Rene Descartes and Karl Marx made significant contributions to the modern knowledge, especially philosophy. The massive philosophical Knowledge we have today is based on theories and hypotheses derived from some of their great works. Rene Descartes was a seventeenth century French Philosopher and a scientist who did not only contribute to philosophy but also mathematics and physics. He is the father of modern philosophy because of his significant contribution in the field of philosophy. Karl Marx was a nineteenth century German philosopher and a social scientist who contributed greatly to the modern social science. Although their great works are credible, they received immense criticism during the course of history. I have seen that Rene Descartes contribution in philosophy and natural science stood the test of time; therefore, he became a hero’ on the other hand, Karl Marx’s contribution in social science did not stand the test of time. Hence, he became an anti-hero. Comparison Both Rene Descartes and Karl Marx employed their philosophical knowledge in formulating their theories. They used their philosophical knowledge to solve the problems they encountered during their times. Rene Descartes in his time as a scientist, as well a philosopher, developed mathematical formulae and proved the existence of God using metaphysics approach. “In his metaphysics, he provided an argument for the existence of God” (Rodis-Lewis, 1999, p.102). I have understood that anything that is doubted is real because matter and reality are inseparable; therefore, if I doubt the existence of God, then He exists. On the other hand, Karl Marx directed his philosophical knowledge in exploring politics and economics. According to Megill, “fundamentally, Marx assumed that human nature involves transforming material nature” (2002, p. 223). Ian perceive that he passionately believed in materialism because he formulated an economic ideology of Marxism that led to communism revolution. Another similarity of Rene Descartes and Karl Marx is their family background. Their fathers were both lawyers, and I think they received similar upbringing that molded their lives to become great philosophers. Also in terms of religion, both were Christians, athe lthough they received criticisms that they had incorporated atheistic beliefs into their philosophical theories. I believe that these criticisms are true for “Descartes entered the newly founded Jesuit College of La Fleche” (Rodis-Lewis, 1999, p. 304). He learned under Jesuits’ curriculum and it’s worth noting that Jesuits are