ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The history of the corporate development of such brands as Coca-Cola and PepsiCo is associated with the prolonged market competition for the greatest share in the market and industry and for attracting more consumers. In spite of the fact that the products of Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are similar in taste and quality, both these companies take the leading positions within the market of soft non-alcohol drinks. To understand the particular features of the companies’ competition, it is necessary to focus on differences in the corporate cultures. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo follow different competitive strategies and focus on various elements of the corporate culture in order to help consumers differentiate the brands and their missions along with the brands’ images. Corporate culture is the complex notion according to which people working in the company share the same organizational values, visions, and norms. There are definite systems and principles basing on which the leaders organize the employees’ activities. Corporate culture also includes such concepts as corporate beliefs and ideals distributed in order to attract consumers to share these beliefs and values (Balmer & Gray, 2003). John Stith Pemberton designed Coca-Cola as the specific mixture to treat depression and apathy in 1885 ( Coca-Cola: Workplace culture , 2013). In 1898, a pharmacist Caleb Bradham designed a drink with the similar taste which becomes later known as Pepsi ( PepsiCo Values & Philosophy , 2012). Focusing on similarities in the taste and quality of the products, it is important to note that differences in the corporate cultures are the main factors to create the effective brand image and compete successfully within the market. In its corporate culture, Coca-Cola depends on the ideas of diversity and leadership along with creating the conditions for the fair working environment. From this point, the company leaders concentrate on maintaining the positive working atmosphere and accentuating the human dignity ( Coca-Cola: Workplace culture , 2013). PepsiCo operates the idea of motivation and empowerment. If Coca Cola accentuates the effective leadership, PepsiCo emphasizes the role of each worker in the process of production. The accent on the positive relationships and the focus on the team work of employees in Coca-Cola company is the opposite strategy to that one used in PepsiCo where the company’s leaders are inclined to rely on effective benefit programmes to motivate employees (Mitchell, 1996). The above-mentioned differences are connected with the organizational norms and approaches to treating employees in order to establish the successful corporate structure and culture. However, it is necessary to focus on three ways which the companies use to compet
Introduction The classical and contemporary theorists have been attributed to sociological theories, each with different concepts in their arguments. The classical theorists emerged in the mid 19 th century, and they have helped shape the course of sociology to what it has become to date. One of the most outstanding classical theorists was Georg Simmel. Contemporary theorists, on the other hand, took over in early 1935, with one of the proponents being Edward Said. Though the theoretical concepts proposed by the classical theorist Georg Simmel and contemporary theorist Edward Said seem to contrast, certain similarities can also be traced. The Theoretical Approach Both theorists have different approaches in their theoretical orientation relating to the action-order spectrum. Born in German in 1868, Georg Simmel played a big role in defining the concept of sociology. He tries to understand how individuals interact with each other socially in matters pertaining to social conflict and domination (Appelrouth and Edles, 233). He further draws attention to the inconsistencies experienced in modern life by individuals. Simmel argues that in modern life, individuals draw away from each other and form social groups to which they identify themselves with. Edward Said, on the other hand, supports the present-day global societies. Born in 1935, Edward concentrates on the aspects of social life and how they are globally entrenched. He argues that this global interconnection is responsible for any activity that takes place in a particular geographical zone. His theory proposes that in modern culture, a nation cannot function on its own self without help from other nations. This he attributes to the uncontrolled economic flow of capital between nations (Appelrouth and Edles 815). Understanding The Concepts By Georg Simmel And Edward Said Simmel’s theory is based on certain concepts such as interdependent duality, social distance, and the ‘stranger’ to which he draws his classical theoretical approach. Simmel’s theory seems to concentrate on all forms of individual assoc
Chapter Summary The chapter Nursing Work Force and Health Policy by Linda O’Brien and Laureen Hayes focuses on the shortage of nurses that resulted from the intensive restructuring and downsizing of the Nursing sector in the 1990’s in Ontario, Canada. To reduce operation costs, nursing assistants and part-time casual employees were recruited while the laid off Canadian registered nurses migrated to the USA. The poor working conditions also killed nurses’ enthusiasm and willingness to work. The aging nursing work force also contributed to the shortage. Government initiatives attributed to Health Human Resources (HHR) policies led to an improvement in nurse supply. The HHR strategies included policy change to reverse the nursing workforce shortage. Through various reports, the government set to improve the working conditions in order to retain nurses and increase recruitment by setting up a nursing research unit to make recommendations to the policy makers. This was meant to link policy making and research in order to promote the use of research findings in practice for proper projections regarding nursing requirements. The HHR’s conceptual framework covers issues useful to policy makers and health service researchers and takes into account the health needs of a population. It entails planning and focusing to predict future service requirements and the number of p
Introduction People in the developed world have over the last few decades have shown a great interest in achieving and maintaining ideal body weight. Saltzman, Thomason, and Roberts (2001) report that at any given time, 44% of women and 29% of men in the U.S. are trying to lose weight. This determination has, in part, been promoted by the advice given by health care workers and nutritionists. These professionals have highlighted that an individual’s body weight impacts his/her health. Specifically, it has been pointed out that being overweight leads to many negative health outcomes. Obesity is linked to diseases such as diabetes and a higher risk of heart attacks. The mental health of the individual is also affected by being overweight since research links being overweight to higher depression rates. For these reasons, many people are keen to maintain proper weight. However, most people hope to achieve this with a minimal amount of effort. As such, instead of engaging in healthy eating and exercising, many people prefer diets that promise quick results with little effort. To meet this demand for quick weight loss solutions, many authors and nutritionists have come up with diets that provide short term results with little concern for long term weight loss or the health of the individual. These diets are referred to as fad diets, and their major characteristic is that they are extreme diets that people follow as a trend to lose weight. Fad diets are very popular in the U.S., and most people have experimented with at least one. The popularity of fad diets has been increased by the high prevalence of obesity and the relatively moderate success of traditional weight-control methods. This paper will set out to argue that fad diets should be avoided since they lead to health problems, are expensive, and do not lead to sustained weight loss by the dieter. Arguments against Fad Diets Fad diets are bad because they cause health problems to the dieter. Typically, fad diets are based on either avoidance of particular foods or intake of macronutrients in particular proportions. These variations often have negative health effects on the dieter. Debruyne, Pinna, and Whitney (2011) assert that most fad diets are not based on any credible research on their benefits or dangers. Dieters are, therefore exposed to various health problems. Fad diets that encourage very low carbohydrate intake may lead to ketosis, which is a condition characterized by elevated levels of the ketone. In this case, the body uses fat to produce energy since it is unable to use glycogen bodies (Source Number Two, n.d.). The body can tolerate ketosis for a short time, but if it is allowed to continue for extended periods, the body’s P.H. level changes to acidic (Saltzman, 2001). This leads to dehydration and kidney problems due to the high levels of glucose in the body. Increased protein diets, which are characterized by protein intake exceeding current recommendations and moderate levels of carbohydrates intake, may have adverse health impacts. High protein diets increase the risk of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis (commonly referred to as kidney stones) formation (Saltzman et
Introduction Trinity Community hospital has come a long way to become one of the premier health facilities in the southwest of the United States. The hospital currently provides services such as internal medicine, pulmonary medicine, gastroenterology, urology, otolaryngology, general surgery, thoracic surgery, gynecology, and neurology. The hospital is committed to the provision of quality healthcare to the members of the community while enhancing the skills of the staff members. There are various services that need to be developed and have been captured in the Hospital’s five-year strategic plan. Members of the hospital board have agreed that there is a pressing need to position the hospital as the premier provider of orthopedic, cardiovascular, and cancer services. The board strongly believes that this is the only way of ensuring the continued delivery of high-quality care to all patients in the community. This paper illustrates the feasibility of developing a cancer unit at Trinity community hospital. The paper will specifically evaluate the demand for new service line in the community; indicate the current international trends in healthcare and how they can be incorporated into the development of a cancer unit at the trinity community hospital; expound on the existing programs and service lines at Trinity community hospital and how they can be used to compliment a cancer unit; show an analysis of financial and operational data required for running an oncology unit; discuss the target and marketing referral services for physicians. The demand for a cancer center by the community Trinity community hospital is located in Jasper city, Hamilton County. The hospital receives patients from all over the county, though a huge fraction comes from the surrounding populated areas of the city. The city has a population of over 400,000 people, which grows at a rate of 4% annually. The growing population growth reflects the increased need for a comprehensive healthcare system. The community served by Trinity community hospital is continually experiencing increased cancer incidences and mortality mainly due to the rapidly changing lifestyles. Their area has several risk factors for cancer, particularly lung cancer, due to air pollution. The rapid growth of industries in the area means that there are increased cases of exposure to cancer-causing chemicals in the workplace (Bucci, Bevan, & Roach, 2005). There is an urgent need for a properly organized and ACOS accredited cancer center to offer quality cancer services to members of the community. Trinity community hospital’s two main competitors, Tertiary
American criminal justice system comprises of the jurisdictional, normative, functional, and institutional components. These components work simultaneously in defining the goals of procedural laws and decisions to be taken by the court of law. Factually, these activities take place at different points. Each of the fifty states in the US has organized courts, prisons, police crime control, and parole boards found in the local jails, police departments, and trial courts (Schmalleger, 2010). Depending on the category each crime falls in as defined by the federal and criminal law, the severity and magnitude of punishment as determined by the courts varies. In the criminal code, the process of convicting suspected offender commences with the report of the investigation from the policing unit presented before the district court (Schmalleger, 2010). For common crimes, the suspect might be granted bail before the trial begins. However, this is dependent on the decision of the jury. When found guilty, the offer may be sentenced to different forms of punishment depending on the magnitude of the crime. Normal crimes are associated with parole and other rehabilitation programs supervised by parole officers. Participation in these programs is voluntary. Generally, activities involved in the trial system include a definition of the crime, identification of laws broken, and definition of appropriate punishment as supported by the law (Schmalleger, 2010).
Introduction Federalist Paper Number 10 was among the papers published in 1788 in New York. Three authors namely; Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison were involved in the publication of these papers. Their major aim was to sway opinion during the ratification of the new American constitution. James Madison authored this particular paper. It is one of the most influential papers and it talks about faction and the role of government in regulating it as well as liberty. Madison studied at Princeton, Virginia. He participated in the local politics and thereafter Continental Congress. Madison represented Virginia in Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia. He therefore participated in drafting of United States constitution. He later became a leader in the congress during the ratification of the constitution (Wills, 1982). Madison’s Discussion Madison’s discussion is clear evidence of his devotion to the republic and its liberty. In his argument, Madison strongly says that faction and liberty go hand in hand. The government should not concentrate on causes of faction, instead, it should focus on controlling its effects. According to him, eliminating causes is as well as hindering people’s opinions and doing away with their liberty. Forcing the people to hold the same opinion is oppression or totalitarianism which goes against the nature of human beings. As man exercises liberty, facti
This paper aims to discuss the problems, faced by underserved population and its various subgroups in Bayou Region of Louisiana. Although Bayou Region is a real location with its own demographic peculiarities, the analysis is based on a hypothetical scenario which throws light on some problems of the people, living in this place or any other sparsely-populated area of the United States. Yet, these facts, presented in this scenario are not always accurate. One of the major heath care issues is that a great number of people cannot get instantaneous access to medical services as many of them live in remote villages or reservations while physician medical clinics are located mostly in towns. Consequently, we can presume that very often patients cannot receive appropriate treatment in a timely manner. In this case, we need to speak about the entire community. According to the information, which has been provided, there are more than twenty health-care institutions but they are not organized in a network. Moreover, their number seems to be insufficient. Furthermore, we need to say that a large portion of the population is only half-employed. Their insurance cannot cover all the expenses, and some of them have practically no financial resources to afford medical services. Another segment of the community which requires close attention is homeless people and their children. Their problems are manifold: first, they are forced to live in insanitary conditions which can give rise to many diseases. Secondly, we can argue that this layer of the society always has to fight against bureaucracy and continuous paper work and it seems that Bayou Region is not an exception from this rule. Finally, it should be mentioned that the health care professionals of BR experience significance difficulties in screening at-risk groups. Statistical surveys indicate significant rates of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and substance abuse and alcohol dependence among the residents of Bayou Region. This phenomenon may be explained by the fact that there is no specific action plan for monitoring the community and promoting healthy lifestyle. Thus, we can conclude that the delivery of health care services in this region is hindered by underdeveloped infrastructure, low income level and bureaucratic mechanisms which are very cumbersome. On the whole, these problems are familiar to many residents of remote areas. The case of Bayou Region is just another example. Some scholars confirm our initial hypothesis that one of the most issues is screening and prevention of diseases (Kilpatrick & Johnson, 1999, p 427). Medical workers are unable to monitor all segments of the population. Additionally, several studies report that the members of such communities have a lower utilization of mental health services and this eventually increases the number of patients, suffering from psychological disorders (Kilpatrick & Johnson, 1999, p
Introduction In the past, the literature that dominated discourses on how to handle delinquent behaviors was highly based on the response, “tough-on-crime.” However, these measures seem to have had little effect, as there has been a perceptible shift about juvenile justice. In principle, policy makers seem to have acknowledged the need to uphold the first principle of juvenile justice that children are right within their biological development cycle. In this regard, policymakers are emphasizing that the youths should be subjected to alternative corrective measures that encompasses treatment, rehabilitation, as well as positive reinforcement. A brief overview of the US juvenile fact sheet indicates that thousands of children have been subjected to lifetime jail term. In the US, there several efforts in this regard such advocacy, legislation, and reallocation of resources that are aimed at reducing the number of children behind bars. This report explains the role and duties of an intake officer concerning juvenile court system by analyzing it within specific contexts of judicial jurisdictions (Redding, 2013, p. 92). Further, it compares the juvenile system to the adult justice system. Responsibility of an Intake Officer The principal duty of an Intake Officer is to evaluate a juvenile who has been accused of committing a crime to establish the appropriate disciplinary measures. In specific, intake officers factor in the juveniles history, mental health, family situation, as well as other factors that they may deem relevant (Mayzer & Ertelt, 2009, p. 796). The intake officer is contacted by the family of the minor or by law enforcement. Some of the common issues they handle include, but not limited to, drugs and substance abuse, destructive behavior, misdemeanors, and felonies. The intake officer conducts thorough background check on the juvenile, then reviews available facts against standard juvenile procedures before recommending punishment as well as treatment procedures. Moreover, the Intake officer assists law enforcement with particular duties such as admission as well as placement and screening of juveniles. The intake office has a duty to transport the juvenile to court, collaborate with all stakeholders, as well as intervene during crisis. Moreover, the intake office is responsible for serving summons to the juvenile. An intake officer must conduct all background information to determine whether a juvenile court has any jurisdiction over the issue at hand. In addition, the Intake officer must evaluate the facts before him or her to establish whether the evidence is adequate to commence and sustain a juvenile action (Mason, Chapman, Shau & Simons, 2013, p. 205). The intake office then considers the age of the child before they can conclude on the best judicial action to be implemented. Given that the Intake Officer collaborates with the child, parents, guardians, caregivers or any other person or individual responsible for the minor, he or she can resolve to pursue one of the following decisions based on their age: 1) resolve the matter by either proposing an informal adjustment period where t
Dempster, Steve, et al. “What has Harry Potter Done for Me? Children’s Reflections on their ‘Potter Experience’.” Children’s Literature in Education , vol. 47, 2016, pp. 267-282. The importance of Harry Potter as a global cultural phenomenon is explored by scholars from the perspective of literacy as a part of social practices. The authors suggested that reading the book series enabled young readers to build a strong vocabulary and other literacy skills. It was also considered that the series improved younger readers’ attitudes toward reading and encouraged further literary exploration. The study is useful because it illustrates the importance of Harry Potter books within popular culture through the lens of improving young readers’ literacy. Kidd, Dustin. “Harry Potter and the Functions of Popular Culture.” The Journal of Popular Culture , vol. 40, no. 1, 2007, pp. 69-89. The research studies the Harry Potter book franchise from the standpoint of popular culture functions. These include social behavior, community characteristics, the differentiation between social classes, cultural elements ranging from music to visual art, and more. The author suggests that by way of example, Harry Potter remains a very important source of social norms. It is also categorized as an “illegitimate extra-curricular culture” that became a shared interest for many individuals, thus creating a pop culture phenomenon that is closely connected to societal changes, trends, and developments. Lauer, Emily, and Balaka Basu. The Harry Potter Generation: Essays on Growing Up with the Series. McFarland & Company, 2019. The collection of essays contains the opinions of adults who grew up reading Harry Potter. The essays explore the way in which the books influenced people’s coming of age, the way in which they matured together with Harry and his friends, and the lessons they learned along the way. The source is highly relevant to the current discussion about the importance of Harry Potter in pop culture because it draws from real-life examples and reflections of individuals who were growing up reading the book and engaging with the magical narrative. Benson, Jenna. “Violence in Pop-Culture Media and The Hunger Games as a Prime Artifact.” Platform , vol. 5, no. 1, 2013, pp. 52-66. The researcher aims to criticize the assertion that exposure to violence in popular culture literature and cinema is inappropriate for younger audiences, drawing examples from The Hunger Games books and movies. The franchise was chosen for analysis because of its high importance as a pop culture artifact targeted at teens and young adults and is an example of the exposure of the age group to the regularly displayed and described violence. Therefore, the author seeks to raise awareness of the misconceptions, claiming that exposure to violence is a necessary part of learning a