ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Since Industrial revolution began in the twentieth century, it has drawn attention of many economists and historians. There were significant changes in the lives of most Europeans during the era of the industrial revolution. These changes had a significant impact on the lives of the citizens, the cultures and lifestyles as they could do little to stop it. There was a need for expansion in size and wealth among the European nations. In their quest to meet such ambitious objectives, there was the need to use heavy machinery in order to produce goods in masses. Such innovation finally changed the lives of the most hardworking individuals hence revolutionizing the whole world. Most employees who had been farming, working in artistry, and merchants among others lost their source of livelihoods. This is attributed to the introduction of machinery in the manufacturing industry. Social Consequences of Industrial revolution Intolerable working conditions Problem: Workers were desperate to find replacement jobs since mills placed many farmers in plantations out of business. During the period of industrial revolution, employees were forced to deal with negative changes in the workplace. These included lower salaries and harsh working conditions (Waugh, 2001). Therefore, the millers realized how individual workers behaved and were seen of little significance and could easily be exchangeable. They, therefore, capitalized on such negative basis hence birth of Capitalism. Painting Industry provides a perfect example in demonstrating the exploitation of workers. In the image of The Great Crane at Bruges by Bayerisches Satsbibliothek’s, there are four male workers (Waugh, 2001). Their ages are not known, and they run in a large wheel that generates enough energy that helps in operating the cranes. This painting acts as proof of how the workers were forced to live in hardships and risky environment, which resulted in the same, if not, reduced salaries. Bosses offered harsh threatening treatments to their employees. Having known that even children were able to operate a machine, they decided to change the relationship between the employer and the employee. They replaced workers on a daily basis hence need for strict working environment arose. The only way to produce clothing was by hiring trained craftsmen to work in the textile factories. This arose at the period when steam engines and gears were being introduced. Therefore, craftsmanship was seen to be a more viable profession than farming and others. This is demonstrated by the image Weaving: A Sixteenth Century German Weaver and His Loom where the workers, craftsmen, appear to be comfortable with their little workspace (Waugh, 2001). They rarely complained about work problems that affected them. Solution: The secrets of technological change, economic growth and development accompanied by respective problems are unlocked in the period 1760-1850. This is an era of relatively diverse terms regarding the industrial revolution,
Air pollution occurs when substances known as pollutants are in excess in the environment (What Is Air Pollution? n.d.). These substances are divided into two broad categories namely primary and secondary pollutants. Primary pollutants include carbon IV oxide and sulfur IV oxide that are emitted directly into the air. On the other hand, secondary pollutants result after primary pollutants have undergone through chemical effects/reactions. An example of secondary pollutants is photochemical smog that results when fossil fuels like gasoline react with oxides of nitrogen gas in the presence of sunlight. This process produces numerous chemicals, which are hazardous and highly toxic. Automobiles greatly contribute to air pollution, as they release fumes into the atmosphere. They also pollutes environment indirectly through the industries that manufacture their body parts, disposal, and refueling. Moreover, there is pollution that comes during refining and distribution of car fuels. Automobiles, like cars, produce chemical compounds such as carbon IV oxide, which is a powerful greenhouse gas. On the other front, other components of car air pollution include dirty air, smoke, and smog. They cause difficulties in breathing, watery eyes and upon inhalation increases the risk of lung cancer. Cars also pollute land; for instance, when their tires wear out, the particles remain in the soil. Further, cars cause water pollution when particles from their tires are washed into streams. At car wash points, the dirt from these vehicles gets into rivers and lakes thus causing pollution (Cars and Air Pollution n.d.). The effluents are directed into streams of water like rivers, lakes, and oceans and, finally, human beings use them for domestic consumption. From the two broad categories of pollutants, from cars, there are four classifications of the pollutants, which include the following: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) or hydrocarbons, Carbon II Oxide (CO), Particulate Matter (PM), and Nitrogen Oxides (NO X ). These chemicals have different lifespan while in the air (Car Pollution Facts n.d). For instance, some hang around for a few hours as others stay in air for thousands of years. The four classes of pollutants results when fuel, air, and spark interact/come together and water is released in the process. Particulate Matters are particles from soot and metals. They are the reason behind the murky coloration in smog. In car air pollution,
Introduction Customer relationship management is a broadly executed strategy that enhances the relationship between a company and its clients (Bidgoli 2010). Customer relationship management entails the use of technology to systematize, automate and harmonize business processes. Customer relationship management is primarily about managing sales activities but also may include technical support, marketing and customer services. The main objectives of customer relationship management are to sustain the current customers and attract new ones (Bidgoli, 2010). Why IBM had a poor relationship with its customers There are a number of reasons IBM had a poor relationship with its customers. One of the reasons is that the company had an elaborate culture of bureaucracy which was rigid. This might have made it difficult for relevant company employees to effectively deal with customer related issues. Besides, lack of proper communication was also one of the reasons that contributed to the poor relationship between the IBM and its customers. For instance, there was poor communication between product development department and marketing department. This implies that the marketing department could not effectively offer the customers sufficient information on the company’s products, especially with respect to product malfunctions. If the marketing department could not offer proper information to customers due to lack of communication between it and the production department, then customers were bound to have negative perception on the company’s operations. They were therefore likely to look for other alternatives. The poor communication, especially between the research arid business divisions, made it almost impossible to solve customers’ problems arising from the functionality of the company’s products. Besides, IBM could not have had the opportunity to enhance the relationship between it and the customers. This was because of its overall size, organizational structure and departments which were not well coordinated. From the customer’s perspective, IBM did not provide an integrated and harmonized interface for dealing with their issues. According to customers, the company did not have a clear mechanism of dealing with their issues. Instead, the company dealt with customers through numerous and different channels spread over a wide geographical region. This definitely caused a significant amount of confusion to the customers. The customers therefore had a general feeling that they were not dealing with IBM as a unit. All these led to low customer satisfaction and hence lost revenues. The eCRM solution and provider that I
Background information The success of organizations that are established in different economic sectors depends on the managers’ effort in formulating and implementing effective strategies. Cox (2002) asserts that successful organizations have a clear vision and sense of direction and easily initiate major organizational changes. Moreover, successful managers have a comprehensive understanding of the prevailing market needs. Hansen (2013) emphasizes, “The managers of successful organizations must have a strategic plan in order to ensure a strong competitive position on the market and therefore achieve desired outcome” (p. 95). This claim highlights the importance of adopting effective strategic management practices. Aim This report involves a strategic analysis on McDonald’s Corporation. The report provides a brief background information on McDonald’s by assessing its vision, mission, values and its strategic plan. Furthermore, the industry provides a description of the industry within which McDonald’s operates. Company profile McDonald’s Corporation is a public limited company that was established in the United States’ food and restaurant industry in 1940 at San Bernardino, California by Ray Kroc, Richard and Maurice McDonald. The firm has entered the global market by establishing over 35,000 outlets located in 119 countries. The firm’s marketing expertise has increased its customer base to over 68 million customers. McDonald’s specializes in production and marketing of fast-food products such as cheeseburgers, chicken, hamburgers, milkshakes, french-fries, breakfast, salads and desserts (McDonald ’s, 2014). By the end of 2013, McDonald’s total human resource base was estimated to be 1,800,000. Moreover, its commitment towards strategic management has played a crucial role in stimulating the level of profitability. Between 2012 and 2013, the firm’s sales revenues increased from US$ 27.6 billion to US$ 28.1 billion. Conversely, its operating income increased from US$ 5.5 billion to US$ 5.6 billion (McDonald ’s, 2014). McDonald’s has positioned itself as the market leader in the global fast-food industry. Its success has originated from effective implementation of strategic management practices as illustrated herein. Vision statement McDonald’s is focused towards achieving long-term market success by positioning itself as the preferred place for customers to eat. Moreover, the firm’s global operations are guided by a ‘plan to win’ strategy, which emphasizes on creating exceptional customer experience amongst customers. The strategy is based on the 4P’s of marketing [pricing, promotion, place, and product]. McDonald’s is also committed towards continuous
Types of Rocks While chemical weathering is not common in the mid-latitude regions, some rocks are affected adversely by this weathering due to their chemical composition and the prevailing climatic conditions. The climate of mid-latitudes is characterized by humid conditions prevailing within the humid subtropical, Marine West coast, Humid Continental, and the Sub Arctic among other climatic zones. They are characterized by average temperatures that support chemical processes. The combination of humid conditions and average temperatures purport the corrosion of rocks containing iron elements by the formation of iron oxide that weakens the rocks. These rocks containing iron compounds include hematite, goethite and magnetite rocks (James, 1966). Effects The prevalence of chemical weathering in relation to iron compounds has profound effects to the corrosion of artificial structures made of iron such as fences, gates, and iron sheets among others. This leads to gradual destruction of the structures that demands frequent replacement and utilization of extra capital directed to other sectors of the economy. In addition, it has forced people to adopt the use of other structures that are more expensive than iron structures. Control Measures Control of iron rusting has been triggered adversely to curb the verdict. For example, some structures are painted with artificial paints. The artificial paints prevent the contact between structures and humidity in order to prevent rusting. The most recent technology aims at using alloys preventing the formation of Iron Oxides that cause corrosion. These two methods have been applied widely showing excellent performance. Module 7 D2 Differences of Rivers Unlike rivers without deltas, rivers with deltas undergo intensive erosion on the upstream to provide sediments for deposition at the mouth. In addition, these rivers tend to flood at the upstream due to blockage of water especially during the rainy seasons. Impacts of Deltas In the USA, deltas act as residences to people who are homeless where they obtain minerals and fertile soils for cultivation. This implies that deltas are purporting the social and economic autonomy of USA’s population. Module 7D3 Glacial and Sea Ice Although there are various occurrences that impact on glacial and sea ice, the most significant occurrence is the natural melting of the ice. This occurs due to global warming and the increment of climatic temperatures which leads to the rising of sea levels. Global warming has been triggered by human activities that cause the emission of carbon gases which depletes the ozone layer and purports the green house effect. The human activities that contribute to the emission of carbon gases include the excessive use of motor vehicles, decomposition of waste materials, and burning coal among others. Human Impacts The rise of sea levels leads to the displacement of people from the coastal region due to the movement of water into the land. This displacement results to migration which forces people to live in slums. On the other hand, melting of sea ice can reduce the number of accidents caused by icebergs due to reduction of ice in the water
Abstract The Chinese living in Taiwan have adopted cremation due to a number of reasons. To assess the factors leading to cremation amongst these Chinese, this study delves into Chinese traditions as well as their attitudes towards death and bereavement. As such, the study is in a position of highlighting the causes of cremation, and this, in turn, helps us to understand the attitude towards burial practices among Chinese living in Taiwan. The findings were attained through an ethnographic study in Taiwan, which was carried out in three interviews sessions. The study involved acquiring qualitative information from the three focus groups: the Chinese students, religious leaders, and the community. This study is consistent with DS Sutton findings, as it affirms that burial practices are highly affected by the Asian cultural values, since their values highly emphasize on hierarchy, filial piety, as well as family centrality [1] . More so, Buddhism plays a key role in cremation amongst the Chinese living in Taiwan [2] . This information brings to light the rationale behind carrying out a culturally sensitive burial arrangement and practice amongst the Chinese in living in Taiwan. Introduction The practice of cremation is a contentious issue that is characterized by the gradually evolving ideas. While some Chinese argue that the traditional approach to burial practice is appropriate, the Chinese from Taiwan believe that new cultural values and social context need to be integrated into the practice, thus reflecting their attitude towards cremation. In this respect, Fielding and Cecilia put a point across that burial practices are more inclined to people’s cultural beliefs as opposed to their gender, age, or even their education status [3] . However, a clear understanding of cremation amongst Chinese in Taiwan can be achieved if burial practices were observed in a dynamic manner, as this would help to put to light the present culture values observed by the community. This can only be attained through observation of burial practices over a given period since this facilitates knowledge on the past as well as the evolving values within the community, and hence improving the understanding of the grief resulting from death amongst the Chinese living in Taiwan. In turn, this facilitates building a culturally sensitive intervention during burial practices. Problem Statement The perception of Chinese relation with other people and institutions in the Taiwan helps us to understand their cultural values. However, this is faced with a challenge during burial ceremonies because burial ceremonies are considered as private affairs; hence, according to Xu Yu, little publicity is made to the people outside the family of the deceased [4] . Bu
In the age of cyber society, when the entire world is going digital and people prefer talking to each other via social network rather than having a traditional conversation, the issue of cyber security seems to be at the top of the foreign affairs agenda in the U.S. Despite the fact that the dreaded war between human and artificial intelligence never erupted, there are bigger concerns to deal with, the security of the digital data and the vulnerability of the digital databases being the most topical one. However, the latest technologies not only contribute to the emergence of vulnerabilities, but also allow for a number of opportunities concerning such force multipliers as insurgents and counterinsurgents. One of the most common mistakes made by a number of states when deciding on the choice of weapons in the cyber warfare is the choice of “defense in layers” (Sharma 2). The key problem here is that the people in charge of organization and control of military actions draw parallels between the traditional warfare and cyberwar – which is rather legitimate – and then transfer the traditional approaches of attack and defense into the cyberspace, which is a big mistake. It must be taken into account that the traditional warfare and cyberwar environment are difficult in that the latter requires outstanding use of computing skills. When it comes to insurgents, the title of the most effective cyberwar force multiplier should definitely go to the means that allow for an efficient use of the existing information, as well as for the acquisition of new data as fast as possible. Primarily, the goal is to acquire the information before the enemy does, which is why Network Centric Warfare, Information Operations and C4I2SR Systems seem to be the most obvious choices as the key state insurgents. The choice of counter insurgents is also crucial for the efficiency of the operations and the provision of safety for the state and its citizens. As a matter of fact, cyberwar itself can be considered a powerful force multiplier in a conflict between two or more states, as the conflict between Georgia and Russia has shown (Simmers).Indeed, when it comes to defending the existing sources of information from the invasion of the enemies, the use of specifics defenses that cyber universe offers seems the moist reasonable step. However, apart from the concept of cyberwar, there is another powerful tool that can help develop a well thought-out strategy for counter insurgence. To be more exact, it is a good idea to try creating such a military unit as Cyber Operational Planning Team (Stallard 91). As Squadron Leader Craig Stallard explains, the given unit will be able to shape the existing strategies so that they could be used properly in the cyberspace. With that being said, one must admit that the U.S. military force could definitely use new force multipliers that would be able to resist the attacks within the cyber reality. As long as the military actions are going to be adapted towards the new environment in which a specific political or military process takes place, it can be assumed that the U.S. and its
Introduction The given paper is devoted to the investigation of Dunia’s case and the peculiarities of its functioning regarding the growing market and the UAE baking system. The company was created in 2008 after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the U.S.-based financial services company (Venkatesan et al. 18). At the first stages of its development, the firm was a joint venture of Fullerton Financial Holdings, Abu Dhabi Mubadala Development company, and Waha Capital (Venkatesan et al. 19). Dunia was aimed at the provision of particular services to customers working in four large segments: affluent mass market, affluent customers, mass-self employed clients, and mass salaried customers (Venkatesan et al. 19). The company managed to attain success and turned into a potent organization with employees representing different areas of the world. By 2012, the company had 800 workers, 19 branches, efficient on-line service, and a particular call-center that helped its clients to get consultations via the Internet (Venkatesan et al. 19). The Central Bank of the UAE licensed Duina to work in the most important sectors. In such a way, now the company can provide clients with credit cards, personal and auto loans, different kinds of insurance, etc. (Venkatesan et al. 19). In such a way, the organization became an influential agent that impacts the financial sphere of the UAE and can stipulate the appearance of specific processes in the financial market. Thus, the case suggests a detailed description of the company’s current approach and its attempts to improve the functioning by using the analytics team to investigate the sphere and attain credible information related to customers behavior, preferences, and choices. Banking in the USA and UAE The UAE is one of the fast-growing states characterized by the high speeds of the development of all spheres of its economy. These include not only the traditionally powerful oil industry; however, the business and banking systems also demonstrate stable growth. Thus, it could be considered a logical result of the overall evolution of the state, and it’s becoming one of the leaders of international trade. This will not be possible without an efficient banking system that takes into account the peculiarities of the region and the way entrepreneurs prefer to do business. The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates (Central bank) was formed in the 1980s with the central goal to license companies for investment and specific financial activities that should be conducted under the government’s supervision to ensure that the most efficient policies regulating the sphere are introduced (Venkatesan et al. 19). To understand the unique aspects of the UAE banking system, it will be compared to the U.S. one, which is considered one of the most potent in the world. The first distinct difference is that the Central Bank has to function regarding the confederation of seven emirates with diverse needs and priorities. For this reason, the state has developed one of the most technologically difficult and, at the same time, efficient systems in the Middle Eastern region (“United Arab Emirates