ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction For many years now, the use of internet promotion in many businesses has gained much popularity with more and more companies and small businesses using on-line method of not only promoting their products but also selling them. The internet is providing both the business owners and the buyers an opportunity to improve their interactions to the benefits of the consumer as well as the seller. The growth of internet promotion and sale has increased and so has the competition in the market. This then means that the consumers are not looking for goods or services with the lowest of prices but rather for quality of such products which is directly determined by a company’s recognition in the market. It is this importance of familiarity between the companies and the consumers that has led to the gradual growth of the online marketing through promotion and selling (Geld, 2006, p. 1). However, the sites for such promotions are major determinants since they may be well or badly represented. A good site may be described as that which has advanced techniques of marketing and caters for the consumers’ interests. This may entail the use of a web site designer. In addition, provision of high quality information in such sites is equally essential in order to connect with the clients in proper manner. Types of internet promotion One of the most commonly used methods of internet promotion is the holding of winning games where products are labeled with winning codes for customers to visit the company’s website to check if they have worn. It is during such visits that the seller could gather important information on marketing from the customers. This way, sellers are able to get information which would help them improve their products to better suit the needs of their customers. Company recognition is also attained which is a very crucial bridge in the ever growing market competition. Another method of internet promotion is through emailing. However, this method may not be as effective as other methods because, for one, sending such junk emails may not be legal and secondly, the targeted customers may get disrupted by the emails and this only makes them less interested in the product being advertized. In order to avoid this, the seller needs to get the prospective customers and enter them into the online list program so that only they can receive such emails. Similarly, only relevant information on products should be send to the customers. Online free classifieds are also common in the internet promotion field. This is because they are easy to create and easily accessible to customer except for the fact that they do not last but rather they are short lived. Other methods although not commonly used are we casting and search engine techniques. Importance of internet promotion and selling Just like any other form of promotion and advertisement, internet promotion and selling facilitated the ability of many sellers to maintain their cu
Introduction Conair is a company that produces quality hairdryers for the premium market. Although it started off as a small and centralized manufacturing company, it had since then grown larger, establishing production facilities in several cities, which enabled the company to claim market share in different countries. As it stands, the company is centralized, with a board of directors making decisions for all branches. However, this type of organization is not efficient when the production centers are spread out, as decision-making takes place far from the actual facility, which hinders the speed and accuracy of choices. Decentralization is a viable opportunity for Conair. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the prospect of decentralization, changes in responsibility centers and their functions, the drain presented by cost centers, and the role of business analytics in a decentralized organization. Responsibility Centers and Their Functions As it stands, Conair has four responsibility centers, which are as follows (Drury, 2013):   * Revenue centers. These centers are responsible for generating revenue flows. Since Conair produces hair dryers for a larger market, it has no need to field and maintain specialized shops. Therefore, the revenue centers constitute the retail centers that buy the company’s products and sell them in interest.   * Cost centers. These centers incur certain costs and facilitate operations necessary for the company’s proper functioning. These include accounting departments, operational departments, and all support services. In Conair, these services are centralized, while each branch has primary supportive departments at their point of dislocation.   * Profit centers. They are responsible for creating products to be sold. These include the supply and assembly lines.   * Investment centers. Conair does not have any active investment centers in the form of differentiated product lines or affiliated organizations and enterprises. However, it will be possible to attract investments should the company decide to expand its existing line of products. Cost Centers and Internal Chargebacks As it stands, the company has main cost centers at the HQ and additional cost centers at each of the enterprises. The latter serves to double the primary facilities and produce intermediate reports necessary for the functioning of branch production facilities. Expenses for these costs centers are as follows (Tolbert & Hall, 2015): Cost Centers                               Expenses Central accounting department              100000 $ Branch accounting departments              25000$   Central marketing department               75000$   The central business analytics department  50000$   Central HR department                      30000$   Branch HR departments                      15000$   Supportive Services                        35000$   Total                                      330000$   It is possible to remove some of the centralized cost facilities and instead expand those located in the production centers. Such a measure would provide better detail of information, in
Blackberries is one of the masterpieces by Ellen Hunnicutt. The poem narrates the story of a woman and her husband on their camping trip. August, on the other hand, by Mary Oliver narrates the story of a woman who speaks about picking blackberries. She compares the practice of picking berries with the act of reaching for her freedom (Pike 359). She describes herself as a bear reaching for honey. These two poems portray the position of women in the society and their specific gender roles. The first similarity between these two poems is in the use of poetic devices. The first poetic device used in the poem is metaphor. In the poem August, the author writes ‘the thick paw of my life’. This is a metaphor because it does not refer to a physical body (Pike 359). This refers to the moment, like of an animal. This is also notable in the poem by Ellen. The poet writes ‘smoothed the blanket’. This is figurative because the poet uses imagery to portray the role of women in the society. Assonance is common in these two poems. For instance, similar vowel sounds are evident in the line ‘ it has a funny taste ’. In the poem August, the line ‘ black honey of summer’ also has assonance (Pike 359). As well, blackberries in the two poems represent the duties and nature of women lives in the wider society. The poets rely on blackberries to portray different gender roles and position of women in the society. While describing the positions of women and their roles, the poems go further to present new ideas whereby women’s roles appear to change in the society (Pike 359). Ellen Hennicutt’s poem informs the reader of a wife and husband on their camping trip. The husband appears happy after venturing off to pick blackberries. While the husband is comfortable in the woods, the wife is uncomfortable because she believes that her role is in the house. Furthermore, while talking with her husband, she appears to sooth the sheet she is sitting on. This indicates her role of making a bed as a woman. Later, the wife appears to eat the berries. In the poem by Ellen, it appears that women might want to pick blackberries but it is not entirely their duty. However, it becomes clear that gender roles are beginning to change whereby women are undertaking some of the duties specifically designed for men (Pike 361). The main difference is that the poem by Oliver has five stanzas but does not follow a strict pattern. The poet uses fourteen lines for the poem, like a sonnet (Pike 359). This means that the poem does not rhyme and divides into three-line stanzas and one two-line stanza. On the other hand, Ellen Hennicutt’s poem is a free verse thus making it different from that of Mary Oliver. The poem by Ellen views women as individuals who are unable to work in the woods while Oliver’s poem presents a different position of women in the society. From this discussion, it is notable that these two poems examine the plight of women in the society. With the changing gender roles, Ellen’s poem shows how women work as housewives while the poem by Oliver presents a new sense of freedom to women (Pike 362). The use of imagery, assonance and themes make the poems similar thus
Britain does not have a formally written constitution. Instead, the country relies on common law precedents and on conventions to serve the role that statute law serves in other countries. The common law precedents in Britain, which can be written or unwritten, and specific treaties and treaties have constitutional force. Reasons why Britain needs a Written Constitution Several arguments coming from different authors have opened up debate as to why it is important for Britain to have a written constitution. As a developed nation, it is relied upon to lead from the front and set standards of rule through a well researched, agreed on and well-documented constitution (Loughlin, 2013). According to Thompson (2012), Britain is a prominent country in the European region, and in the whole world. Thompson (2012) specifically notes that Britain’s constituent nations look upon it to for direction in leadership, cultural practices, beliefs, values and attitudes. As Jennings (2011) points out, the nation’s constitution is a sum of all its past experiences. Although Britain did not enter into democracy through an uprising, it is important for it to have a well-documented constitution that outlines the rules for every assembly, and which can be followed by all its constituent nations (i.e. Scotland, Wales and England). According to Jennings (2011), civil wars across the world are as a result of lack of well formulated, researched and agreed upon practices that are meant to keep and sustain social order. Recently one of Scotland went for a referendum in order to gain independence (Morris, Boston &Butler, 2011). The action by Scotland is arguably due to lack of cohesion among the national entities that makeup Britain, something that perhaps could be avoided if the country had a written constitution. There is a need for well laid down procedures under which a leader of Government, in this case the Prime Minister is elected, leaves office or resigns. Additionally, Britain also needs to document conditions under which the Prime Minister can be removed from power. The current governance structure has no documentation on how these cases can be handled, and this leaves avenues of misconduct by those in charge of government (Thompson, 2013). Bennett and Solum (2011) argue that leaving the process of making laws to one institution is a dangerous precedent. The two authors note that the institution can be subject to sectarian and partisan interests. Such biased interest can yield major disagreements and, therefore, compromise the sovereignty of the nation or yield conflict. The foregoing possibility provides one more reason Britain should have a written constitution (Bennett & Solum, 2011). The British beliefs, values and attitude are clearly demonstrated in the social order that exists. The monarch system is arguably well organized with the Queen being the center of power. A
Introduction A constitution is defined as codified rules set by people that illustrate the functions and powers of a political body. These rules, therefore, make up the body and are different from place to place. As used in most countries, it defines the government, specifying its limits and powers like duties, structures as well as basic political principles. These are usually done to guarantee some rights to the individuals bound by that constitution; it, therefore, comprises a detailed structure of law, which delineates the functions of a government. Constitutions are either codified or uncodified, the former are contained in one document with numerous sources, which may be written, or not. These types are the most dominant in most governments and they draw every decision from it. The constitution in this case is considered supreme to any other law. However, an uncodified constitution that may be drawn from different sources written and unwritten, can be changed just like a statute by legislatures. Other laws can be implemented, and adjudicated, however, their use is subject to conflict with the constitution. The constitution is usually considered supreme that is, in codified ones. It, therefore, means that any other law comes secondary if it directly conflicts with the constitution. A flexible constitution is one that can be amended easily while a rigid one cannot, the extent of flexibility and rigidity depends on each country and whether it is codified or not. Some constitutions contain articles that are un-modifiable, like in Germany’s constitution, articles 1 and 20 affirm that power is derived from the people, and this cannot be changed under any circumstance. Constitutions can be flexible in some parts while rigid in other parts especially those relating to basic human rights. The underlying tenets of modern constitutionalism Modern constitutionalism started immediately after World War II, it has since been embraced throughout the world. It is, however, worth noting that not all the tenets of constitutionalism are implemented in all countries, although some basic rights are protected. Constitutionalism is described as the basic law that manages a government. Its tenets are based on limiting higher law fo
Acne, also known as mild acne is the most common form to be found and is oftentimes treatable with Over Counter (OTC) Medications. Such forms of mild acne begin as whiteheads or blackheads prior to infections that can cause papules or pustules to appear. The bacteria known as Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is the central target of these over-the-counter medications meant to treat the cause of acne. These medications work by either removing excess skin oil or combining the prior action with skin exfoliation in order to promote the growth of new, oil-free skin. Some of the over-the-counter medications that are used to treat the illness are Benzoyl Peroxide, Sulfur, and Resorcinol, Salicylic Acid, Alcohol, and Acetone. Benzoyl Peroxide is one of the more popular forms of OTC treatments that come in cream, gel, and facial wash forms. Although about 3 % of people are allergic to it, Benzoyl Peroxide is still one of the most effective P.Acne killing agents and is used to cure other forms of acne such as Mechanica, Infantile Acne, and Pomade Acne. Side effects include skin dryness and peeling. The medication works by preventing the development of excess skin oils while unclogging the skin pores by removing dead skin cells. Due to the strength of the chemical, it is sold in 2.5 – 10% forms. It is very important to avoid UV exposure while under this medication as the skin is quite thin and susceptible to burns. The most common OTC Benzoyl Peroxide brands are Proactiv, Benzaderm Gel, Glytone 10% Benzoyl Peroxide Acne Treatment Gel, and MD Formulations Benzoyl Peroxide 10. Salicylic Acid, on the other hand, prevents the pores from clogging by slowing down the cell shedding process inside the hair follicles. It has also been known to diminish white and blackheads when used in its 0.5 to 2% salicylic acid form. Some side effects include mild stinging and skin irritation. Often found in drugstore counters in cleanser, lotion, and treatment pad forms, the product works by more effectively shedding the dead skin cells thus preventing pore blockage and breakouts. The more popular market brands are Oxy Products, Noxzema Anti-Acne Gel, Noxzema Anti-Acne Gel Pads, Stridex, and Dermalogica Medicated Clearing Gel. Sulfur and Resorcinolhe other hand worhandwork hand by preventing the development of dead skin cells. Although sulfur has been an age-long acne treatment, very little is known about how it works in combination with Resorcinol aside from the fact that the combination seems to reduce oil production of the skin. The combination causes minimal side effects to save for skin redness and peeling which seems to be a common side effect of most anti-acne treatments. Often sold in cream, stick, and lotion form, the more popular variants of the product are Clearasil Medicated Blemish Cream / Stick, Rezamid Lotion, and Glytone Fresh Tinted Acne Treatment Lotion. Alcohol and Acetone in the meantime, is more oft
Introduction Fast-Food providers are developing new strategies to penetrate more market. Examples of such strategies include change of menu, remodeling and redesigning of premises, just to mention but a few. This work highlights the recent strategies made by Burger King and McDonald Fast, as well as how they manipulate the perception, attitude, motivation, and personality of customers. Burger King’s Strategy Knowing the tastes of their customers, restaurants that provide fast foods have devised marketing strategies that will enable them meet the needs of their customers. While other restaurants are leading the supply of meals that cater for health and fitness of their clients, Burger King is initiating a trend that is new. It is leading in providing its clients with meals whose flavor is comprised of fat and salt. On the other hand, the media and consumer advocacy groups are directing pressure towards McDonald. In response to this criticism, McDonald is providing its clients with health menu offerings that are more healthful. Further more, those clients who want their waistlines trimmed are having their needs being met by other restaurants that are collaborating with organizations such as weight watchers. However, instead of succumbing to such pressure, Burger Kings has moved ahead to find out the kind of customers who eats from its outlets and their exact needs with an intention of ensuring that they are served appropriately (Kurtz, McKenzie and Snow, 2009, p. 156). Although a choice of both the place of eating and what some one should eat may not appear to be a big deal, it entails several factors. Some of the factors that consumers may be influenced with include the cost, what their friends and family members say, where the restaurant is located, the duration the meal takes, and by how the consumers perceive the restaurant and its meals. Burger King had tried to sell low fat menu to its customers on anticipation that it was what they needed. However, the course had to be changed completely. A survey in marketing revealed that 49% of Burger Kings clients were part of the 18% population who had been identified as regular fast food eaters. According to the company executives, 18 – 34 aged men are great sports fans. They have been named Super Fans. They do not only prefer there meals to come along with sauces and meat, but they also prefer it to be served in large portions. Therefore, in a bid to tailor-make a product that suits their needs, Burger King has come up with a new sandwich omelet. The new sandwich omelet is suitable for individuals who would prefer to begin their day with a hearty breakfast and has seen an improvement of the company’s breakfast sales by about 20% (Kurtz, Mc
Introduction The issue of environmental conservation has been there for many decades. Most of the past United States presidents were seen to come up with legislations aimed at fostering environmental conservation in the country. Most of the current environment conservation legislations in the country are credited to these presidents. However, there have been presidents who have been seen to come up with policies aimed at shooting down some of the established environmental conservation legislations. This paper aims at outlining some of the pro-environmental or anti-environmental legislations that were enacted by the past presidents of the United States. President Theodore Roosevelt One of the United States’ president found to have steered ahead the need for environmental conservation is Theodore Roosevelt. During his tenure, he signed several environmental legislations which included Reclamation Act of 1902. When Roosevelt assumed the presidency, he developed an idea that the western dry lands could be made productive through irrigation (Cutright, p. 97). This would help in rehabilitating land that had been left unproductive for many years. To achieve this, he used his presidency position to lobby for the support of introduction of the Reclamation Act. This Act was enacted in 1902 leading to establishment of sixteen projects aimed at reclaiming the dry lands in different states in the country. The desire by Roosevelt to conserve environment led to him passing the Antiquities Act in 1906. This act gave the president the mandate to declare any site recognized as national monument without having to get authorization from the Congress. This helped him establish numerous national parks as well as declaring Grand Canyon a national monument when it became hard for it to be converted into a national park (Cutright, p. 103). The Act has for many years helped the country conserve some of its monuments which could have been destroyed by the citizens. Most of the current national parks as well as monuments are credited to Roosevelt’s legislations. President Nixon Another American president who was found to be pro-environmentalists was President Nixon. It is during his regime that the country saw establishment of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). President Nixon signed into a law two Acts which helped the country greatly conserve its environment. These were the Clean Air and Water Acts. He also came up with authorities to control noise and ocean dumping. The Clear Air and Water Act gave EPA the mandate to ensure that people were not subjected to harmful chemicals released into the air or drained into the lakes and ocean (Barkdull pp. 43-57). The agency was given the responsibility of conducting environmental assessment and coming up with standards to be followed when implementing environmental laws. It also worked in collaboration with industries in implementing envir