ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Issue To evaluate the applicability of the proposed marijuana farming bill, the current marihuana production legislation needs to be reviewed, and the changes in social norms regarding criminal behavior are to be analyzed. Facts In common perception, crime is an unlawful act punishable by authorities. According to the Oxford Dictionary of Law, a crime is “an act (or sometimes a failure to act) that is deemed by statute or by the common law to be a public wrong and is therefore punishable by the state in criminal proceedings” (Law, 2018, p. 278). Laws are defined by social norms and values, which reflect collective representations of acceptable group behavior (Law, 2018). These norms can dramatically vary across countries and change over time. The behavior is considered deviant if it violates social norms. There are two types of deviant behavior: formal deviance and informal deviance ( Sociology, 2021). Crime, which violates laws in society, is considered to be formal deviance, while informal deviance includes minor violations that break unwritten rules of social life ( Sociology, 2021). For example, smoking in a non-designated place is a violation of a smoking law, punishable following its provisions. Smoking in the presence of a child is not a violation of law but is highly criticized and is considered to be a violation of social norms. In the United States, the perceptions of deviant and criminal behavior have changed significantly over the last century, reflecting the changes in social norms. One of the most illustrative examples is the elimination of sodomy laws and the decriminalization of homosexuality. Sodomy laws, targeted at sexual acts between persons of the same sex and aimed to protect “public morals and decency,” were a part of the United States legislation up until the end of the 20th century (Chang, 2020). The liberalization of sexuality and recognition of LGBT rights led to their gradual elimination in most states. As social norms changed and society recognized the need
Introduction Is it necessary to trust personal convictions and rely on “gut instincts,” or is it more correct to study the evidence of certain statements and claims? Various researchers from the spheres of sociology and political technology study if many people trust the information that comes from television and other resources or not. As a rule, some of them tend to believe in everything that they watch and hear. At the same time, some citizens express personal opinions regarding specific events or situations. However, even though many people consciously decide in favor of particular beliefs, some are guided by their instincts, and some rely on specific knowledge. The data that helps to prove some facts is usually obtained as a result of detailed research. Blind faith in the words of different politicians is undoubtedly the object of condemnation for many activists. Such people are ready to do everything possible to make people trust them and everything that they hear and see. The public disclosure of false statements is becoming increasingly popular among various debunkers who see their task as delivering truthful information to people. Nevertheless, it can be difficult to determine which data may be considered reliable and which may be false. One of the ways to do it is to compare the two ideas and determine their similar and distinctive traits. Comparison The comparison of the two concepts allows saying that they have some common features. As Dyer (2017) notes, many people today believe that politics affects the way people think and the conclusions they draw. However, some trust exclusively in reliable facts and evidence. These two segments of the population are a subject of Dyer’s (2017) research article. Among the results of his work, the author quotes Kelly Garrett’s words. This man claims that people who are inclined to believe the news coming from the media are more likely to have inaccurate information. Nevertheless, the concepts of “gut instincts” and faith that is based solely on reliable details have some similarities. For example, they are both extreme versions of the truth. The two beliefs are associated with specific excesses, and it is hard to deny. The supporters of the theory of instincts, according to Dyer (2017), do not always trust information that is too contradictory or even impossible. Thus, the author gives examples of well-known conspiracy theories, the assassination of President Kennedy, etc. (Dyer, 2017). At the same time, the supporters of reliable facts, as a rule, possess accurate information about particular events. This means that neither of these categories of citizens is always wrong to label their beliefs prejudices. T
It is necessary to note that diversity and inclusion have been a part of the company’s culture throughout decades. It has also been one of its competitive advantages as the company managed to employ diverse workforce and create a positive image (Harvey & Allard, 2012). Notably, the company has also paid a lot of attention to training and development. Admittedly, in the times of the internal and external change it can be challenging for an organization to maintain such characteristic as diversity. Nonetheless, the company has managed to implement the change. Now the company is operating in 130 countries and it still maintains its core values. The company has adapted with the help of a number of strategies. First, the company has certain standards on diversity and monitors the rate of women and ethnic minority employees. Thus, 43% of employees are women, 43% are minorities, 31% of Board of Directors are minorities, and 23% of Board of Directors are women ( 2009 Corporate Responsibility Report , 2009). In recruitment, the company also collaborates with such organizations as the Black Engineers Associations and the Women Engineers ( 2009 Corporate Responsibility Report , 2009). Finally, the company launches a variety of training courses for its workers. Admittedly, these strategies help the company employ diverse workforce and create a favorable atmosphere in the workplace. The quotas utilized in the company ensure that diversity in the company is maintained. At the same time, the quotas are effective due to collaboration with external recruiting companies that provide qualified workers (and people committed to develop). Finally, the company trains the staff and ensures that employees are developing and are able to get promotion. Therefore, diversity in the level of top management is also secured. Bad Check Accusation It is possible to assume that store managers knew the GAF manager who used to take the cards pretty well and might have thought the new individual who came cou
There have been significant differences between the sculptures in Kuwait and those in Australia. The research will evaluate the weaknesses in Kuwait sculptures in terms of funds accessible, available galleries and the public awareness on this artistic works. In addition, the research will evaluate ways of strengthening the sculptures in Kuwait. Synopsis The difference between contemporary and traditional art can be demonstrated by analyzing the sculptures in Kuwait. This is because the available sculptures have been neglected and the artists remain unappreciated despite their amazing talent and dedication. This paper will analyze the galleries in Kuwait, the art schools, funds allocated and the existing sculptures, and compare these factors with those in Australia. The differences to be realized after the analysis will be used to develop a strategy aimed at improving the sculptures and other artworks in Kuwait. Background Information The sculptures available in Kuwait have been long forgotten, especially those in public places. The sculpture in Rumaithiya is one example of sculptures that have been neglected, as demonstrated by the rust and cracks in the sculpture (Modeen 2009). For a very long time, many people have ignored artworks and sculptures across Kuwait. The government has also not been vibrant enough to promote sculpture making. This has made individuals to take to other jobs, hence reducing the number of artists willing to engage in sculpture making. The artists who have concentrated in sculpture making have been reducing in numbers given that in this era developed computer software is being used to generate virtual designs. Graphic design and other computer-based applications have made it possible for individuals to create designs without having to create a physical structure. This has reduced the number of sculptors in Kuwait and since there are fewer incentives to encourage new sculptors, sculpture making has been slowly fading away. In Australia however, the government has ensured that sculptors and artists are promoted by creating funds for galleries and other exhibitions, an initiative that has encouraged more artists to demonstrate their talent (Lumley 1990). The establishment of art schools has helped in encouraging young and talented individuals to participate in sculpture making. Because of the government’s direct participation in promotion of art, there has been development of contemporary sculptures, with many being erected in public places across the country. Artists are also trained in Australian art schools and other accredited art schools in the world. Self taught artists are given incentives in term of awards and exhibition opportunities in the Australian galleries and other exhibition areas. The difference between the Kuwait sculptures and those in Australia helps
In business, marketing refers to the process of linking buyers with sellers. It is a medium through which sellers inform their buyers about the available products. There are mainly two types of marketing namely traditional and relationship marketing. The choice of marketing for an organization depends on various factors such as the size of the business, the financial ability of the organization, and the type of business done by the organization. Traditional marketing is arguably the most recognized type of marketing both in the present and in the past. It is usually done through advertisement in the print media, radios, televisions, and telephones (Sinha & Foscht, 2007). One major aspect of traditional marketing is the use of the marketing mix which comprises the four Ps (pricing, product, promotion, and placement) (Gummesson, 2012). Organizations which use this form of marketing usually have various departments dealing with the various components of the marketing mix. In essence, each department plays a particular role in the production and marketing of a product, with the product passing from one department to another. Relationship marketing on the other hand is a form of marketing in which buyers and sellers are interested in realizing a satisfactory relationship based on their interests and mutual understanding. With relationship marketing, sellers customize marketing strategies to individual customers as opposed to traditional marketing which targets everyone (Buttle, 1996). Relationship marketing is based on the cross-functional approach to marketing as opposed to the functional approach in traditional marketing. The cross-functional approach in relationship marketing enables individual organizational departments to work on a particular product entirely as opposed to traditional marketing where product development and marketing is undertaken by various departments collectively as explained above. Relationship marketing mainly relies on customer’s information and shopping history to develop a marketing approach based on verifiable facts. It is a contemporary approach to marketing which relies on advancement in technology to take marketing to the next level. It entails telephone and email conversations between sel
The theory of mere considerability by Mylan Engel, Jr. is a unique theory that introduces new concepts about vegetarianism. Mylan Engel, Jr. wrote the book, “The mere considerability of animals.” Even if all the premises in the utilitarian argument by Singer’s or the deontological point of view by Regan arguments are true, they do not provide enough support for the conclusion as Mylan Engel, Jr.’s argument theory about the immorality of eating meat (Engel Jr, 2001). Mylan Engel, Jr. offers that individuals have certain beliefs that promote their objection against eating meat. Some of these beliefs are that; suffering, unnecessary cruelty in the world is unwarranted, and individuals are morally decent (Engel Jr, 2001). If they hold any of these views, they would believe that consuming meat is unethical and should be avoided in society. Furthermore, many animals are killed yearly for people to eat meat. Animals experience a great deal of pain, distress, and death when they are killed. This adds to the world’s misery and suffering. Eating meat is also not necessary for the survival of human beings; hence the discomfort inflicted on animals is unnecessary. Mylan Engel, Jr. supports this claim by saying that since meat is an inherent component of muscular development. Some authors argue that meat is the major source of proteins. On closer inspection, this claim is false as there would not be any vegetarian athletes (Engel Jr., 2001). However, this is not always the case as there are several vegetarian athletes; hence there is no need to kill animals. Through hunting, scores of animals are injured and left in the woods to die. These pieces of evidence provide an overview of the immorality of killing animals for meat. Additionally, Mylan Engel Jr. argues against eating meat for its gustatory value. He offers that the pleasure of eating meat at the expense of causing instance frustrations to the animal is sadistic as a premise. Inflicting pain to animals for their taste is not a value that most humans possess. Moreover, before they become ready for slaughter, animals are put into unnatural and stressful conditions in confinements which curtails their free movements for optimal living. During disease epidemics, the policymakers restrict the movements of animals without minding the implications on their well-being (Engel Jr., 2001). The young ones of animals, including chicks and calves, are separated from their mothers, therefore, disrupting their rights to free living. Therefore, buying meat from animals reared in factory farming and animal organizations supports the harm inflicted on animals. There are criticisms leveled against the theory on the immorality of eating animals. Lawrence Becker says that humans always prioritize the needs and rights of individuals who are closer to them. For instance, the sentiments of family members are prioritized over those of friends (Engel Jr., 2001). Hence, using this school of thought, individuals should not be subjected to respecting the rights of animals because they are not closer to them. He also posits that it is not easy to justify the belie
Introduction Social network sites (SNS) are of great importance in the life of a modern person. Through social networks, humans not only communicate but also share tips, professional skills, promote their services, enter into transactions, and conduct scientific activities. However, there has been no shortage of debates on whether the overall effect of SNS on people’s lives is mostly positive or negative. On the one hand, some fear that the use of SNS can ruin and worsen interactions. On the other, many rejoice at the prevalent digital connectivity, which brings the SNS users many social benefits. This paper summarizes and analyzes the influence of SNS on American individuals of different ages; the use of popular SNS, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Linked In, MySpace, are revealed. Thus, the results of the three studies disclose a complex image of the role played by digital technology in shaping people’s worldviews. Summary Hampton, Goulet, Rainie, and Purcell (2011) discussed how reliance, personal connections, civic and political engagement are affected by the SNS use by surveying 2,255 American adults. In this report, the authors provided a detailed overview of what SNS users look like, what SNS channels people use, and the relation between software uses, and the scale and scope of social networks across all people. It was also examined whether SNS users mostly benefit from their social ties, their capacity to take into account other points of view, and their engagement with the culture and politics. In order to provide a clearer picture of SNS impact, the authors compared users to non-users as well. One of the key findings in this study revealed that the median age of SNS users among adults has risen from 33 years in 2008 to 38 years in 2010. Moreover, approximately half of all adult social network users are older than 35. The report presents that more than 90% of SNS users have a Facebook account, whereas only around 15% of those are registered on LinkedIn and Twitter. Furthermore, the way people use SNS is significantly varied: Facebook and Twitter users more tend to communicate on the platforms on a daily basis than on other SNS. LinkedIn and Facebook users are found to be more politically engaged, while people on MySpace are the most likely to accept different points of view. Additionally, the study revealed that individuals with more years of education, who already have significant social media networks, are more likely to have an account on LinkedIn and Twitter. Hence, the authors suggest that concerns about individuals using SNS possessing smaller social networks and experiencing less closeness or less diversity are not valid. Americans’ social ties in 2010 were stronger
Introduction There are various people all over the world who have become popular due their utterances, beliefs or even political ambitions. The various activities undertaken by the various individuals in performing their day to day life activities are the major source of their celebrity. This is not usually the case as some people usually engage in illegal or even life threatening activities so that they can be recognized by the general public or a specific category of the society. The most popular people are found to influence so many things and perspectives of others. The influence is usually not positive and thus can have adverse effects on the individuals or the community at large. This paper seeks to analyze the effects of media and celebrity to the society. It critically analyzes the impacts on decision making of various personnel from the celebrity influence checking whether it makes the personnel involved to make informed decisions. Media and celebrity There are various technologies used in the current world that are used to pass information among various people. These may printed like newspaper, audio like radio or audio visual like the television. These means of communication have been found to be very efficient and are mostly capable of passing information to large number of people within a very short period of time. This is usually due to their well established networks all over the region. Some of these Medias are available to all persons worldwide while others are only available to specific geographic regions. Another means of communication that have found its way all over the world is the internet. This service connects various people all around the globe and is very fast in communication. This service also provides social sites where different persons interact and share their views and opinions on various aspects that may be affecting them and the society at large. Media and celebrity impacts on decision making These Medias usually pass various informations about different people in the society. The news may be praising or cursing different activities or events undertaken by various people across the world. These media usually have no tight regulation about the access of the information and this usually makes the information land to the wrong audience. Some people usually depend on these Medias as their main source of information. Such people are found to base their arguments on the information provided without critically analyzing it (Miller, Hess and Orthmann 10). This thus means that the presence of a mistake in the passing of the information may have very bad implications on the decisions that such people are likely to make. Such phenomenon usually occur when the source of information are celebrities whose follower
Presentation of the material The content of the paper is formatted clearly and it is stylistically sound. The topic of the article has been placed on the top and in bold print. This has been done to bring emphasis and to draw the attention of the reader to the topic of discussion. The names of the author have been presented after the title to clearly show the owners of the work. The article also has an abstract that summarizes the content of the paper and prepares the reader for what he or she expects to find in the paper. This is necessary to show the relevance of the content to the reader. The paper is divided into sections that adhere to the style of writing a research paper. It also adheres to APA guidelines for expressing ideas and reducing bias in language. For example, when expressing ideas concerning no particular organization, the authors say ‘an organization’ and not ‘the organization’. Statistical analyses The authors use tables extensively in the analysis of the data to facilitate understanding. For example, they provide a table of the use of performance management tools by the organizations. This provides a summary of the various performance management tools in percentages. This provides a visual aid to the reader and facilitates understanding. Another table was used to show the staff perception of performance management. This table showed if the employees believed that they received a particular form of reward due to their performance. The forms of rewards include performance-related salary, training, performance-related bonuses, among others. The summary of this information in a table facilitates its understanding. Even looking at the tables alone, one can get sufficient information concerning the study. The statistical analyses used in the paper are appropriate for the subject. First of all, the use of percentages was appropriate in summarizing certain information. Where the specific number of employees was known (n), the percentages were appropriate for use to indicate the percentage number of the total number of employees that provided certain views. For example, the authors talk of 65 percent of the employees perceiving that they received training and feedback due to performance. This is appropriate to indicate that 65 percent of the total number of