ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was one of the most popular books that were written in the eighteenth century. The book was authored by Harriet Beecher Stowe and it addresses the issue of slavery. It has been speculated that Stowe’s book was responsible for provoking the American Civil War. This claim is fuelled by fact that Lincoln himself met Stowe and supposedly credited her with triggering the Civil War. The author of the book was a known abolitionist herself. The book’s main character is Uncle Tom and the actions of all other characters revolve around him. This book was authored in the period before the Civil War and the consequent abolishment of slave trade. The book details various issues pertaining to Christianity, slavery, and human rights. This paper will address the main arguments brought forth by the author through this book. One of the most apparent issues in this book is the author’s wish to portray slaves as human beings. During the slavery period, the slave owners considered African American slaves as part of their possessions. In the slave owners’ view, there was no difference between owning an ox and a slave. Stowe presents the argument that the slaves have feelings just like those of their masters. The author seems to take issue with the practice of separating members of one family and selling them differently. Most sellers do this under the assumption that these African Americans are not like regular white people. Uncle Tom has been in the Shelby’s household for so long such that he feels like part of the family. However, when his time to be sold comes, his feelings of attachment are utterly disregarded. In addition, throughout the story several women are separated from their kin. Those responsible for these separations overlook the fact that by doing this, they put these women through difficult emotional turmoil. The other argument that can be deduced from this book is that Christianity is a strong tool for overcoming the shackles of slavery. The main character in the book is a staunch Christian. The role of Christianity against slavery is also explored through the portrayal of slave owners. Moreover, Stowe suggests that those slaves who are Christians have an easier time than those who are not. Those slaves who have not embraced the faith like Topsy are seen to struggle more than the faithful ones. It is clear that the author considers Christianity a major tool in the fight against slavery. Her portrayal of Simon Legree the non-Christian slave master sheds more light into this view. Legree is portrayed as a heartless slave owner who brutalises slaves and proclaims war against their Christian faith. Stowe seems to hint that the enemies of freedom are also enemies of Christianity. Uncle Tom is able to meet and connect with several people of all races courtesy of his unwavering faith. His faith is so steadfast such th
Introduction Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most prominent figures in world literature. The recognition of his works is based mainly on the uniqueness of the themes and characters the author created, as well as his excellent command of the language and exceptional imagery and style. Some of the most well-known innovations of this author include detective stories and fiction. In his poems and short stories, Poe showed himself as a skillful architect of storylines who served as an inspiration to many of his contemporaries and authors from the next generations. Partly, many of Poe’s unique works were inspired by the experiences of his personal life and his personality. Although considered a complex man, Edgar Poe was the author whose life experiences contributed to his renowned writing style that is evident in his works. Background The life of Edgar Allan Poe began in 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts, where he was born to a couple of professional actors (“Edgar Allan Poe”). Unfortunately, both parents of Poe had died by the time he turned three (Quinn 51). Due to this circumstance, the child was taken by John and Frances Valentine Allan – a wealthy family from Richmond, Virginia. A successful tobacco merchant, Mr. Allan, hoped that his son would grow to become a businessman as well. However, since early childhood, Poe was drawn to poetry and literature and started to write poems very early (“Biography”). As a student, Poe went to attend the University of Virginia, but since he did not have enough money to pay for his studies, he soon embraced gambling as a method of earning money (“Biography”). Consequently, this habit made the future author even poorer, he started to struggle to survive, and, eventually, was forced to leave the University. Having returned to Richmond, Poe had to face more misfortunes as his relationship ended and conflict between him and Mr. Allan developed. As a result, Poe joined the United States Army and published his first collections of poems that did not receive much recognition (“Edgar Allan Poe”). He moved to live with his aunt in Baltimore, Maryland. The author remained poor after the death of Mr. Allan, who had left him out of the will. Influences Persons Throughout his lifetime, Poe was influenc
President Lyndon Baines Johnson supported an extensive reform agenda that shaped the lives of many Americans in 1960s. It was the first constructive strategy to be instituted after the demise of Roosevelt. LBJ instituted the changes in administration mainly to win public confidence that would further help him to capture the presidency seat. Through his mobilization and support, the law making organs approved two major laws. The first law was the Civil Rights Act, which criminalized discrimination based on race and gender, especially in the employment quarters. The act also ended segregation of blacks in society. The president also ensured that a law touching on eradication of poverty was passed. It was referred to as the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. The law came up with various strategies, among them the formation of the office of Economic Opportunity. The president established another strategy through creation of a preschool program, which aimed at helping the poor students acquire quality education. Between 1961 and 1963, President F Kennedy committed American troops to Vietnam to aid the north, which was under attack from Minh’s forces. Historians observe that Politically, Americans lost the war. It further changed political and cultural values of many Americans. Politically, Americans were able to extend their ideological principles by influencing the north to adopt capitalism. Without American intervention, communism could have spread at a high rate than expected. Furthermore, the USSR could have spread its communist ideas to the south and other parts of the American. However, the Vietnam War renovated American politics and culture in many ways. Firstly, American policy makers came to the realization that national interests are important in formulating foreign policies. Americans fought the Vietnam War unsuccessfully because nothing was achieved. The American populace detested the operation because taxes were spent on the war that could not benefit society in any way. After the war, political leaders adopted realist approach as regards to the formation of external policies. Leaders believed that the international system had changed greatly and it existed according to the Hobbestian state of nature where life was nasty, anarchic and short lived. In the international system, there was no Leviathan to bring peace and understanding. Therefore, it was prudent for leaders to withdraw troops from Vietnam since national interests were at risk. Since the Vietnam War, American foreign policies considered the national interests. Since
Introduction Work is a complex social phenomenon that has numerous definitions. No matter, in what sense people use this term, they work throughout their lives, spending long hours at their jobs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of work in the life of people and the importance of professional identity. Main body In simple terms, work can be described as an activity aimed at the production of goods or services. I think it is crucial to understand that even significant work can be unpaid. Housekeeping and volunteering are often underrated because they do not have a fixed price to them. The term “women’s labor” is often used to describe non-paid work, thus undermining the role of women in society. The image of work changed throughout the centuries. From God’s curse in the ancient world labor evolved into a gift from God in the 16th century. Work was perceived as a moral obligation as well as the essence of humanity in the Renaissance. Karl Marx evaluated people by the results of their labor. Occupation broadly defines the type of work a person does, whereas a profession is characterized by specific knowledge and skills needed for a certain job. Professionals differ from other workers due to the higher requirements for their education. They can receive informational and legal support from particular associations. Professionals are more devoted to the work they do than unqualified workers are. In my opinion, that is why the development of professional identity is very important among graduates when they begin to work. Successful integration of work into everyday routine enhances the person’s productivity and increases income. Working conditions have improved greatly in comparison with the older times. Current labor laws are aimed to create comfortable working conditions with a high level of security. However, along with the improvements, there are many new issues in the labor market. In the ever-changing modern world, short-time projects are becoming the leading type of employment. Consequently, people do not receive a possibility for constant development of their professional skills. Nowadays, even qualified workers are disposable. Employees feel insecure in their places what inevitably leads to a lesser quality of their work. In her film Poor No More , Mary Walsh investigates the employment situation in Canada and Sweden. Like everywhere else in the world, there are many jobless, poor people, and young professionals with no prospects. Together with two Canadian workers, Mary Walsh travels to Ireland and Sweden to find the possible solution to the situation. The film points out the effectiveness of wisely employed tax programs. I will agree with the author of the film that partnership between unions and employees can also provide secure jobs and lead to positive changes in the labor market. Illegal immigration greatly influences the
Zora Neale Hurston was one of the greatest writers of her time. A lot of her literary works received outstanding appreciation from both her readers and other literal writers. In her career as a writer, Zora Hurston wrote a total of seven books. She further wrote innumerable short stories, magazine articles and play scripts. One of her most celebrated works is the book titled Their Eyes Were Watching God. This essay will give a short account of Zora Hurston’s life in relation to her career. It will further discuss various aspects of the above book that later led to the creation of a movie. Zora Neale Hurston was unquestionably the leading black female writer of her time (Jones 23). Her excellent creativity and beautiful description saw the development of her career as a writer from one level to another. She was part of a consortium of African American writers in the first half of the twentieth century. The writers were actively involved in the fight against racism. Most of her magazine articles and plays focused on the issue of discrimination and racial segregation in the United States of America. Hurston’s career underwent a series of transformations. While she started off by predominantly writing short stories, she ended up writing as a folklorist, a novelist and finally as an anthropologist. However, her writing style remained intact and captivating to her readers (Louis 17). In this process, Hurston also collaborated with other African American writers. For instance, she was once a contributor to Charles Johnson’s “A journal of Negro Life.” She also produced other works with the likes of Langston Hughes and George Antheil. Nevertheless, Hurston’s popularity in the literary world declined over time. Her works failed to hold the attention of the literary world for long. Her career life was also interrupted by her prolonged illness that led to her death. Her death further reduced the popularity of her works until the release of her biography in 1977. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston tells the story of a young lady who is caught between love, materialism and male chauvinism. Janie, who is brought up by her grandmother after her mother runs off, is an attractive young black girl with big dreams about life. She aims at living a life full of explorations, freedom and happiness. However, her dreams are almost shattered when Nanny, her grandmother, forces her to marry Logan, a rich middle-aged man. Nanny’s action is propelled by her desire to guarantee a good life and a high social status for her granddaughter. However, Janie treasures love above material things and she leaves Logan for Jody, an ambitious young man. Two decades into their marriage, Joddy dies, freeing Janie from his dictatorship. Janie finally finds Tea Cake, marries him and moves to another town. However, through a strange turn o
The field of health care continues developing and improving in a variety of ways, and it is extremely important for a nurse to be properly trained and aware of the required skills. A career in nursing is highly rewarded because of the necessity to influence and coordinate patients, their families, and other medical workers in a team (Al-Dossary, 2017). As well as any potential leader, a nurse has to engage in developing political capital with the help of which status can be shaped, power may be gained, and reputation is improved (Inouye, Leners, & Miyamoto, 2019). There are many forms to be applied to transform strengths and skills into political capital, including intellectual, social, or political. In other words, the promotion of capital for a registered nurse is a synonym for understanding his or her power (not control but influence) and responsibilities. In this narrative paper, attention will be paid to such strengths as practice and leadership, relationship development and collaboration, effective communication, and persistence and persuasion. The examples of how these skills contribute to the creation of successful political capital among registered nurses will be given. Practice and Leadership To be a nurse means to develop professional skills regularly, but, at some point, a person understands that some qualities have already been possessed. As a registered nurse, I realize that one of my essential leadership goals is to become a role model for other nursing staff and provide them with support (Rafferty, 2018). I believe that I am a good mentor for my colleagues because I study the environment, promote continuous learning, and motivate my team. Another example is based on my critical thinking and the ability to evaluate available factors and make a correct decision. It is important for a nurse to be autonomous, but never neglect the worth of teamwork. That is why my leadership strength includes the elements of integrity, respect, and safety. Finally, I cannot ignore the fact that nobody is perfect, and people make mistakes, even being professionals in the chosen fields. Therefore, as a leader in registered nursing, I strive for excellence all the time. I learn the mistakes of other people and mine and find it normal to ask questions or some help. All these skills may be properly translated to my political and intellectual capital. To succeed as a leader, I should prepare myself to be heard and influence the working process (Inouye et al., 2019). My knowledge and observations contribute to policy-making and the improvement of care quality. My influence on the people I work with is my own achievement in the field of nursing and all related political processes. Relationship Development and Collaboration Translation of my collaboration strength to political capital is supported by a number of skills I have already been able to rec
Photography is one of the most expressive arts. A cleverly and skillfully taken picture is able to cause all kinds of emotions and feelings, it is able to inspire, mesmerise, captivate as well it is able to scare, depress or shock. Photography is an extremely powerful art. It has the capacity to manipulate people’s minds and opinions, put images and ideas in people’s heads, make them choose sides, have preferences, form points of views. Photography captures the moments that are gone, portrays the reality of the past, and preserves the images that used to be real at the second when the photo was taken. This is why one of the special features photography possesses is the ability to cause nostalgia. The birth of photography happened in 1830s and immediately the opportunity of capturing the images and events of armed conflicts, battlefields and war started to be explored. 1 The ability to present the photographs of reality happening at the front lines to the public and raise the social awareness of the horrifying events happening in the world was a new break through for many sphere of life such as politics, economy, mass media and public affairs. There is a well known saying that one photograph is worth of a hundred words, and this is true, as the photos are able to communicate all the multiple layers of the reality presented in them. Photographed images strike us more deeply and more directly than any verbal descriptions. These days it is hard to imagine that there were times when the newspapers had no pictures in them and all the events were presented through long and detailed descriptions. First time a photographer officially went to take photos of the battle fields was during the Crimean War in 1850s. It is needless to say that the equipment of the photographer of that time was very different from what modern war photographers carry with them. 1850s photo reporter was loaded with massive cameras made of wood, huge tripods of different sizes, boxes filled with glass plates and bottles filled with various chemicals, some of them very dangerous. 2 All of these things were essential for a person, who intended to capture the images of the reality of their time. It also goes without saying that such heavy and inconvenient load of equipment could not possibly be carried by a human being, so the first war photographers had cars – vans that were hot and slow made the people in them perfect targets for the gunfire. This is why initially the occupation of a war photographer was considered extremely dangerous and this is why the number of photographs capturing battlefields of that time is very small and they value is very high. There were many anonymous photographs taken at the battlefields, many people volunteered to catch the horrifying events on film during 1830s and 1840s during multiple bigger a
The Indian removal from the southeast in the late 19th century Indian removal from the Southeast in the late 19 th century was as a result of the rapid expansion of the United States into the south. The white settlers considered it an obstacle to development, the settlements made by the Indians in the lower south. It resulted in the removal of the Indian nation to pave way for land that could be used to grow cotton. The U.S military under the command of Andrew Jackson recovered over twenty acres of land from the Creeks in the southern part of Georgia. Treaties were successfully negotiated between the government and the Indians by agreeing to take western lands in exchange for their eastern lands (Jahoda, 1975). The year 1823 saw the Supreme Court passing a rule that gave the Indians the right to occupy lands within the USA but not issued with the title deeds. This was because of the court ruling that the Indian’s right of occupancy was not fully legalized by the United States government. Their settlements were inferior to the USA government’s right to discovery. The Indians reacted to this by drafting policies that restricted the sale of what they considered their land to the government. The year 1827 saw the Indians adopt their constitution and declared their land a sovereign nation in an attempt to redeem their stolen lands. These actions were not fully recognized by the state of Georgia, who still regarded Indians as tenants on the United States land (Jahoda, 1975). The Indian removal act was pushed by Jackson in 1830 which gave him the power to hold negotiation meetings with the Indian tribes. These meetings were meant to remove the treaties that had been signed earlier between the government and the Indian tribe that negotiated the exchange of land from east to west. The removal act affected most of the Indians in the Southeastern and the North. The act championed peaceful removal through voluntary actions. It met resistance from those in the Southeast, which forced the President to apply some forceful means of eviction. This removal was meant to resettle the Indians in an area where they would find peace in governing themselves (Jahoda, 1975). Plantation life for the slaves Slavery was believed to have resulted from issues like racism and cultural roots. Several debates tried to explain the effects of slavery on the culture of the victims and the United States as a nation. Slavery was accompanied by some very brutal acts that focused on violence, forced labor, racial discrimination amongst other facts. All the slaves were considered to possess lots of productivity towards work the majority worked as field hands, most of which were male. Women were preferred as house servants while, men were preferred as artisans and slave drivers (Horton & Horto