ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Canada and Furman define spirituality as the heart of helping, which entails act of empathizing and caring for another human being. It is having the pulse of compassion that drives the energy of service delivery. There is a tie between spirituality and healing. Spirituality is the driving force of the social workers and strengthens them not to feel empty, tiresome and lifeless when delivering their services. Spirituality helps them thrive to successfully face the challenges that come along their precincts. Topics on spirituality and religion have continuously gained popularity over time. Media have written stories on religion and political affiliations, moral and social issues concerning abortion, homosexuality and biotechnological advancement such as human cloning in the laboratories. Recently, much has been brought to limelight by the media, especially on issues regarding the role of religion on war and terrorism. Additionally, the media have publicized the inspirational spiritual lives of great leaders such as Dalai Lama of Tibetan Buddhism and Nelson Mandela the former South African President. In a statement, spirituality has become the major theme in the global market (Canada & Furman, 2010). Scholars have examined the correlation between religion and health in the recent past. Undoubtedly, religion plays an integral role in most aspects of life, including health. The main concern is how the research findings can improve the clinical practice. Spirituality differs from religiousness. Religiousness refers to the degree of involvement to religion. It is an expression of spirituality, which encourages a person’s and religious well being. This paper looks into the relationship between relation, spirituality and health. It will also delineate the importance of integrating spirituality in the Hong Kong clinical practice. Using Empirical studies from other nations, the paper will present the role of religion and spirituality in clinical practice. Lastly, it will look into the barriers of integrating the two aspects into the clinical practice. Relationship between spirituality, religion and health Despite the diverse and tremendous amount of research over the recent past on the correlation among spirituality, religion and health, it is still not exactly known how they relate. It is still unknown on the mechanisms by which religion and spirituality positively or negatively influence the overall well-being of an individual. However, the topic remains an incredible research field. High quality studies can offer credible psychological, social, behavioral and biological mechanism on how religion and spirituality connect to health (Ness & Larson, 2002). Nevertheless, the available theological findings indicate that the relationship between spirituality and health has been cycled between institutions since the time in history. In the past diseases have been associated with bad luck: The most advanced civilizations of ancient times (Assyrian, Chinese, Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Persian) equated physical illnesses with evil spirits and demonic pos- sessions. (Lee & Newberg, 2005, p. 1) Treatment, therefore, ent
Amazon’s success makes many people wonder at what price this breakthrough was obtained. The purpose of this documentary was to explore the goals and motives that drive the company and its head, Jeff Bezos, on the path to progress (FRONTLINE PBS, 2020). As it was found out during the investigation, the company’s policy is built on several main points. They are providing a good standard of living for the coming generations, helping people make decisions, and developing a new course for the future of all humanity. Reflections on the future are the main idea of Jeff Bezos, which is reflected in all his projects. From the first thesis, Amazon improves life for ordinary people; for example, providing them with many convenient services, such as fast delivery within two days (FRONTLINE PBS, 2020). However, this movement has a powerful effect on the economy in general, as the corporation eventually crushes smaller companies, which causes persons to lose their jobs and income. The weakest argument in favor of Amazon’s policy is to help people make decisions. The company implements this strategy by collecting a vast amount of data about people that are then used, for example, for contextual advertising. As one of the Amazon employees said, the one who owns the information is the king (FRONTLINE PBS, 2020). Therefore, the current collection of information may be fraught with manipulation, and this cannot be tolerated. Finally, the main argument in favor of Amazon’s policy is creating a stable future for forthcoming generations. According to Bezos himself, the consolidation of all forces is necessary to implement this concept. Our planet is unique, and humanity will have to go into space to preserve it (FRONTLINE PBS, 2020). For these long-term plans, the owner of Amazon expands his business so much that it allows him to develop new technologies and implement his space program. Given that the concept of long-term plans worked with the company itself, such an approach to a global goal can be justified. Thus, Amazon is a unique example of a corporation that used the full potential of capitalism to achieve its goals. In my opinion, this documentary gives a clear idea of the company’s policy and its position in the world. This video is extremely informative and allows thinking about the role of Amazon in the lives of people, as well as about the future of our planet and how to save it. Reference FRONTLINE PBS. (2020). Amazon empire: The rise and reign of Jeff Bezos (full film) | FRONTLINE [Video]. YouTube.
Ever since the early 1960s when the first manned space mission was successfully accomplished, space exploration has become easier nowadays. Even though much has been achieved in space exploration since then, humans’ desire for further outer space experimentation has never ceased. Currently, a visit on Mars is the central focus of modern space exploration, and this would come after a couple of successful space explorations that would see man step on the moon a few decades ago. So far, several countries such as Russia, the US, and the European Union have successfully managed to send people to Mars (Burke, 2013). Despite the scientific and technological achievements associated with space exploration, this experience has brought a lot of national pride and fame for the three nations. India is likely to be the next country to join in this glory, following the launch of their first spacecraft to Mars on November 13, 2013. Even though the success of this exploration will earn India a lot of fame, the mission can never be justified, considering the diverse issues surrounding the country’s population that should have come first. Space exploration has become a key area of concern for modern scientists and this is evident from the many attempts being undertaken in the world today to explore every bit of the outer space. The history of space exploration dates backs over 70 years when several experimental rocket launches were conducted time after time by the Soviet Union (Siddiqi, 2003). This came as a result of man’s big desire to travel to space and get to explore the outer space environment. This riddle, however, appeared to get an answer when the Soviet Union successfully managed to send two satellites into space in 1957. This achievement resulted into the space race and this would, in turn help to facilitate the revolution in space exploration. With the rampant advancement in modern technology, space exploration is becoming easier and safer nowadays. This explains the reason why it is possible for any country to assume that it can easily embark on outer space explorations. However, such space explorations are usually costly and are only fit for developed nations, but not for a country like India which is struggling to feed its population. India is a country with a long history of poverty. According to recent reports, even though poverty levels in the country have significantly declined over the years, there are still hundreds of millions of Indians who are languishing in adept poverty today. These high levels of poverty have continued to impose an oppressive weight on the citizens, especially in the rural India where over 70 percent of the country’s poor live. India is said to have the highest concentration of poor people living below the poverty line in the world (Gupta, 2008). This however, has been a major barrier to economic opportunities in the country
Karma is, perhaps, one of the best-known and, ironically, the most misunderstood concepts of Buddhism. While it is often misconceived that Karma implies receiving a comeuppance for a certain action that has affected someone’s life negatively, the notion is, in fact, much more nuanced. Being defined both as the righteous deeds of an individual and the outcome of the individual’s actions, Karma implies taking the right path in one’s decision-making and choosing the option that represents the least selfish or, preferably, the most altruistic choice (Molloy, 2020). Due to the opportunity for personal and spiritual growth that it provides, the concept of Karma needs to be embraced and followed when defining personal values and seeking realization through self-fulfillment. Since Karma allows one to improve the understanding of himself and the world around, as well as reconcile with the latter and leave in peace, it was chosen as the main focus of this discussion. The idea of Karma is often misrepresented, yet in its essence, it is a fairly simple and accessible notion of a continuous personal improvement (Paramananda, 2014). The notion of Karma as the philosophical stance implying that one is defined by one’s actions and choices is quite inspiring since it offers a substantial amount of agency to an individual in terms of choosing one’s own life path. Moreover, adhering to the principles of Karma will allow me to become a better nurse since they guide toward nonmaleficence and the focus on patients’ needs. Namely, suggesting “the way to god through Work,” the specified belief inclines a nurse to focus on a patient’s well-being while also engaging in professional and personal growth to improve Karma (“Week 2 lesson: The many paths of Hinduism,” n.d., para. 9). Therefore, the principles of Karma may lead to patients’ beneficence in a nursing setting.
How the Patent Law Advances Society Patent law advances society since it prevents duplication of other people’s ideas thus stimulating innovation and invention. This leads to the creation of more advanced solutions to the problems faced in society. Furthermore, the availability of patent law protects the ideas and inventions of smaller businesses from being stolen and implemented by large and already established enterprises. This is important since it encourages economic growth and creates job opportunities in society. Effectiveness of the Patent Law The law has gained a lot of prominence during the latter years since many people have been applying for patents lately. For instance, in the United States alone, there are more than ten thousand pending patents that are still awaiting approval. This significant figure shows that many individuals in society have discovered the importance of patents as a means to secure their original ideas. The law is effective since it enables us to enjoy the different, unique brands, such as Coca-Cola, Apple’s iPhone, and the Beats by Dr. Dre headphones. Thus, this law has brought sanity to the business and intellect world which is always full of counterfeits and plagiarism respectively. Improving the Patent Law The law can be improved by limiting the amount of government red tape involved in acquiring a patent. This will ensure that low-income earners are able to acquire patents for their ideas and innovations without being bought out by the big companies that have surplus finances at their disposal. Another improvement that can be suggested is the availing of all patents on a digital platform, thus making it easier to access and compare ideas. The availability of such information will reduce the number of cases that are fought in the corridors of justice involving violated patents.
Introduction The penitentiary system that punishes criminals is nowadays a part of any state. The American penal system, however, is known around the world for the large number of individuals that go through it as convicts all the time. In addition, the people who have been convicted of committing a crime in the U.S. face a number of significant problems. Some of the most important of these problems are related to the overall difficulty of re-integrating back into society (due to a number of reasons). This is, in particular, due to the inability to find an appropriate job (or, rather often, any job at all), and to the overall social stigma that ex-prisoners have. These problems are usually exacerbated by the origins of the prisoners; most of them come from low-income families (or communities other than families), are people of color, suffer from various disabilities, and so on. In other words, it might be stated that these people come from those strata or social groups that occupy lower (or even the lowest) positions in society than the others. Clearly, this further worsens the chances of ex-prisoners having good or even satisfactory outcomes after leaving prison. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to address the barriers that ex-convicts are faced by when they leave prison. In particular, it will be claimed that the American penal system is rather imperfect and that one of its major today is the problem of re-integrating of ex-prisoners back into society. It will also be claimed that the penitentiary system in the U.S. requires significant reformation. The nature of some difficulties of re-integrating criminals into society will also be exposed. Background Some individuals might say the U.S. is a country in which the penitentiary system is the most effective in the world – if by “effectiveness” one understands the number of persons who are penalized for offenses, relatively to the total number of population. The U.S. occupies the first position in the world by the population of prisons; the prison population in the country is nearly 2.2 million people, or approximately 0.74% of the total federation’s population (BBC News n. pag.). These tremendous numbers are stated to have their roots in the last decades of the 20 th century when deindustrialization and mass immigration that took place in the U.S. led to the sudden and dramatic rise in the rates of structural unemployment (that is, one caused by the structural changes in the society rather than e.g. by economic cycles); it is stressed that the state and federal authorities utilized the strategy aimed at stigmatization and mass incarceration of the poor and the unemployed, which allowed for lowering the degree of challenge that the jobless and outraged citizens would otherwise pose to those in power (Abu-Jamal and Fernández 1-2). This was accompanied by the promotion of the ideology of a “self-made person” that is still popular today. According to it, the success of an individual (as well as the failure) is solely
Introduction In the studies related to European Union, a significant contribution has been made by the article “Security, Social Control, Democracy and Migration within the ‘Constitution’ of the EU” by D. Melossi (2005). Description of an article The article significantly addresses the importance of the emerging concept of social control in the place of the decaying concept of state based on Foucault’s criticism of a ‘theory of the State.’ intending to imply the meanings of the present efforts to make a ‘Constitution’ for the European Union. For this attempt, the article sets aside the questions that relate to America. The article deals in detail with the various aspects of the theory and the conditions needed for the common constitution for the European Union. The concepts such as democracy, social control, and ‘the state’ that originated in America are discussed in detail in comparison with the European environment. From all these discussions, the paper proceeds to the more significant factors that contribute to the central concern of the paper as they relate to the European Union. The possibility of a ‘democratic constitutionalization’ of Europe suggested by Dieter Grimm is analyzed in detail as it responds to the central concern of the paper. The paper addresses the question, in great detail and with much logic, regarding the possibility of a common European constitution. Another central concern of the paper has been in finding the relation among language, social control, and a democratic European constitution and this process the paper specifically focuses on the relationships among migration, criminalization, and security which has been the result situations of today’s Europe as a sort of basis for evaluation of those connections. The article makes an ultimate conclusion that a common language for Europe, as it is the elementary condition, is of paramount relevance, to the European Union, its democracy and Constitution, and for the concept of ‘social control’. Conclusion The common European language is the first step toward an actual European will to be expressed which in turn will realize the idea of ‘European Union’ and thus the article makes a pertinent and emphatic statement about European Union and its procedures.
Introduction Gordon Brown is the current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He became Prime Minister after the previous office bearer Tony Blair stepped down in June 2007. Three days before ascending to the premiership, Gordon Brown was elected leader of the governing Labour Party; a party that ousted the Conservatives in 1997 and has been in power since ever since. Before his current tenure as Prime Minister, Gordon Brown served as the Chancellor to the Exchequer from the time they came to power in 1997 to 2007. His period in the office of the Exchequer though successful, would be remembered as a period when he fell out with his leader at that time Tony Blair, over his stubborn refusal to step down as Prime Minister so that Gordon Brown could take over; as they had planned when they came to power. (Allport, p 101) Early Life Born at Govan, Glasgow, Scotland to John Ebenezer Brown (A minister in the Church of Scotland) and Jessie Elizabeth Souter, Gordon Brown grew up with his brothers John and Andrew in Kirkcaldy, Fife Scotland. He attended Kirkcaldy West Primary School where he was fast-tracked through the system and this led to him joining Kirkcaldy High School two years earlier than his peers. Due to his higher than average intellectual ability, Gordon was put through the controversial hothouse education in high school; “an experience he loathed” (Keegan, p 72). While still 16 years old, Gordon Brown miraculously graduated from high school and was accepted at the University of Edinburgh to pursue history. His earliest set back is seen when he suffers a serious eye injury after being kicked in the head while participating in a rugby union match at his former high school. This left him blinded in one eye despite receiving several operations and even staying isolated in darkened rooms for weeks. To further compound his eyesight problem, Gordon started having similar problems with his right eye but this was later saved through an experimental procedure at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. Gordon Brown finally graduated from Edinburgh in 1972 with 1 st class honors He later obtained his PhD in1982. (Bower, p 40) Brown’s early political ambitions are reflected by his elected post as Rector of the University of Edinburgh. He served from 1972 to 1975. He also worked as editor of “The Red Paper on Scotland” from 1976 to 1980. It was in the 1979 general election that Gordon made his first major foray into the political world but he lost the Edinburgh South constituency race to Michael Ancram. Brown took a hiatus and worked at Scottish Television as a journalist and later as a current affairs editor until the parliamentary election in 1983. He was finally elected to parliament on a Labour ticket in 1983 as the MP of Dunfermline. During his tenure in parliament, Brown was a key participant in the Scottish Constitutional Convention adding his signature to the “Claim of Right for Scotland” in 1989. Brown continued to be a strong voice in the Labour opposition party and he was “tipped as
This paper is devoted to the study of judgmental forecasting. It contains general data about this type of forecasting, cases of its application, examples of its most effective use, and its advantages and disadvantages. As an example of judgmental forecasting, the Delphi method is proposed, which involves identifying a consistent assessment of an expert group through an independent, anonymous survey of experts in several rounds, which involves reporting the previous round’s results to the experts. Resources such as the book Forecasting: Principles and practice by Hyndman and Athanasopoulos, and Sniezek’s article “A comparison of techniques for judgmental forecasting by groups with common information ” are used to support the presented data. What is Judgmental Forecasting In cases of the extreme complexity of the problem, its novelty, insufficiency of available information, or the impossibility of mathematical formalization of the solution process, one has to turn to competent experts. The solution of problems by experts, their commenting, the formation of quantitative estimates, and the processing of the latter by formal methods is called the method of judgmental forecasting. Hyndman and Athanasopoulos (2018) assert that this method involves a set of logical procedures aimed at obtaining from experts the data necessary for the preparation and selection of rational decisions. In the theoretical aspect, the legitimacy of using judgmental forecasting is confirmed because methodologically correctly obtained expert judgments meet two criteria for the reliability of any new knowledge: accuracy and reproducibility of the result. Therefore, judgmental forecasting is created by experts based on their experience and assessments. Judgmental forecasting helps to formalize the procedures for collecting, summarizing, and analyzing expert opinions to transform them into the most convenient form for making an informed decision. Moreover, this method of forecasting is continuously developed and improved. Currently, judgmental forecasting, in combination with other mathematical and statistical methods, can minimize the risk of making the wrong decision. Where is Judgmental Forecasting used Most Effectively? According to Hyndman and Athanasopoulos (2018), judgmental forecasting is applied in certain cases. Firstly, when an object or some phenomenon cannot be described mathematically. Secondly, it is used when there is no reliable, accurate, statistical information about the object that allows the use of objective methods. Thirdly, when there are no means for mathematical processing. For example, if there is no computer equipment, software, or qualified personnel. Fourth