ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is worth noting that the clothing style should always be appropriate for the situation and the environment. One cannot wear the same outfit for a festive celebration and a business meeting; if they do, they most probably will look out of place (Murphy 14). To dress appropriately for any event, it is necessary to understand in which environment the occasion will take place and what outfit would be suitable for this specific setting, audience, and weather. Old and Modern Etiquette If someone was invited to a wedding, they should make sure they know if this is a casual-style wedding or a luxurious event. According to the old etiquette, it was inappropriate to wear anything red or black while, at present, one can wear an outfit of any colour (however, white is not recommended). For a casual wedding, one can choose a dress and a jacket, and for a luxurious one, they should opt for a gown. A suit is a good option for almost any wedding type. If one plans to attend a funeral, they should always keep their outfit understated and respectful. Earlier, the only acceptable colour was black, but these days, one can choose other colours as well (Murphy 51). For a first date, it is recommended not to wear anything too tight or open and opt for an outfit in which they will feel most comfortable and relaxed. Nevertheless, the choice should be driven by the location as well. For a business meeting, one should choose a neat suit or a knee-length dress/skirt with a jacket (Murphy 21). If it is followed by a business dinner, it is possible to take off the tie or add jewellery. If one has a job interview, it is always recommended to stick to a formal style of clothing. According to the old etiquette, one was required to put on their nine-to-five wear; this is still applicable to specific industries. For cocktail, dinner or festive parties, one needs to rely on their individual taste and the dress code stated in the invitation (Murphy 71). If there is no dress code, the choice may range from a conservative twinset to babydoll dresses or jeans and a jacket. Earlier, it was required to wear cocktail dresses and casual suits; however, now it is possible to wear whichever is comfortable, respectful, and neat. If one was invited to watch a theatre ballet opera, they no longer need to wear solely luxurious gowns and suits. It is suitable to wear a sophisticated shirt and trousers, paired with high-heeled shoes. Although contemporary etiquette suggests a relaxed attitude to dressing up, there are two occasions that should be considered with particular attention – these are a religious ceremony and meeting partner’s parents. For any religious event, women used to wear dresses paired with gloves and hats. At present, there is no need to wear a hat, but the outfit should be tasteful and never have any sexual implication (Murphy 54). A daytime dress or an elegant su
Introduction Currently, most business enterprises have embraced technology in managing their resources. Such a move entails a crucial step toward reducing the expenses of running organizations. Furthermore, the systems of managing the resources of a company contribute to the efficiency of an organization. Efficiency entails a company’s tool to edge the soaring competition in the corporate sector. The concept of efficiency requires the implementation of economic resource planning for the organization to enjoy the benefits of managing its resources effectively. History of ERP Economic Resource Planning (ERP) can be traced back to the mid-20 th century. During this period, most enterprises in the manufacturing industry shifted their focus to the minimization of the cost of production despite the high volumes of production (Garg & Garg 2014). The concept of ERP emerged as an extension of material requirements planning (MRP). Toward the end of the 1960s, a company that manufactured tractors in the United States collaborated with the IBM to enhance the application of MRP. The two organizations invented random access memory (RAM) that was installed in computers. RAM was two-dimensional and it supported the functions of MRP (Khosrow-Pour 2014). In the 1970s, the IBM worked towards improving computer hardware to enlarge capacity and increase the speed of computers. Such improvements would also improve the rate of integrating systems of information for organization. As enterprises shifted their focus to marketing, managers were interested in integrating the production and planning strategies of their organizations. The changes in the market pushed organizations to adopting MRP in a bid to enhance forecasting, scheduling, and procurement of raw materials. Furthermore, organizations used MRP for the management and control of the raw materials (Khosrow-Pour 2014). In the 1980s, the IBM invented a cheap alternative for the medium and small enterprises that could not afford mainframe computers. The incorporation of MRP systems in the dis
One of the important aspects of modern-day international relations theories is how countries build good relationships through gaining affection and esteem of one another. In situations where national interests of different states collide, mechanisms are needed to avoid or mitigate conflicts. A way to develop such mechanisms is to establish respect and possibly liking between nations. The critical approach to studying how respect and liking are established requires considering many factors such as political positions of rulers and governments, principles of sovereignty, historical background, cultural legacy and influence, interaction patterns, and so on. The basic premise is that states care about their reputation and the way their interests, position, and intentions are perceived abroad. Diplomats in the 21st century with its abundance of information and high speed of the information flow are struggling to find ways to create a favourable image of their countries. What has been particularly emphasised by researchers is that these images are a powerful factor in international relations that is capable of outweighing rational considerations and thorough negotiations (Villanueva 2010). It has been observed that the way a nation is looked upon by other nations depends to a large extent on the way it internalises “cosmopolitan values such as tolerance, friendship and respect for each other” (Villanueva 2010, p. 45). The construction of cosmopolitan values thus becomes a significant diplomatic task. There are various philosophical approaches to this issue. International relations theory has been largely influenced by the ideas of rationalism, which is a complicated combination of views and stands, including primarily realism, problem-solving approach, and liberal institutionalism. Rationalism has been challenged by reflectivism which is based on social constructivism and has been associated with movements and ideas such as feminism, environmentalism, political ethics, and metaethics. The theories referred to as reflectivist challenge the basic premises found in rationalism such as the power struggle or the influential concept of anarchy of the international system (Jackson & Sørensen 2016). The fields of culture and identity are more important under the reflectivist paradigm. The paradigm thus operates within the complicated framework of difficultly measured phenomena such as soft power and nation branding. An example of the modern theoretical development is the cosmopolitan phenomenon of international institutions. According to Wendt (1992), due to their cosmopolitan vision and agenda and their critical, reflective operation and processes, such institutions are able to transform state interests. With the growing influence of the reflectivist approaches and discourses, diplomacy struggles with the theoretical framework, bringing about the notion of cosmopolitan constructivism. The notion encompasses a wide range of theories, combining normative concepts such as countries’ striving for allying themselves with one another with the cosmopolitan politics, constructivist international rel
Introduction Decision making is a complex cognitive process requiring composure and objective analysis. Proper decision making skills dictates that one has to divorce his sentiments from the process. Probability and risks Analysis of risks can be done using the probability theory. The theory operates on the platform of events occurring by chance. It is a strong mechanism of expressing the risk occurrence since it bases its arguments on the chances of occurrence within a duration of time. Terrorism can be analysed using statistical inference through the probability theory. It is important to note that the theory is completely intellectual and is not based on the emotional stature of an individual. However, probability may not be effective in curbing terrorism activities. The writer argues that the terrorists do not operate through any rule; their actions are stochastic making it hard to employ probabilistic theory to predict the future occurrences of such events. This has been the major issue in handling terrorist activities the globe is currently grappling with. The writer posits that the human race is imperfect at processing the risks that come with the terrorism activities. This has been attributed to the fact that the actions of the human race are merely reactionary. He further argues that humanity employ remedial options after the occurrence of an event. Offering such solutions, however, ebb with time as the effects of the terrorism activity cool off. The writer further asserts that we overact when a terrorist event occurs but as soon as the events settle down; our reactionary activity also goes thereby giving the terrorists a leeway to attack again. It is also worth noting that the human race, in an event of terrorism, the emotional facet of the brain is evoked and this in turn, impairs the thinking process due to emotional overtones. As earlier said, the emotional locus of the brain was constructed to solve immediate events thus impairing rational decision making. From the article, it is important to note that decision making in all situations needs a systemic and rational approach. It is prudent that one makes decisions devoid of any emotional attachment or interference. In the business environment, it is so significant if a pragmatic approach is applied in any event of decision making. The media has been accused as falling into the traps of the terrorists. The writer claims that the media does not really synthesise the end results of their products. Terrorism is about instilling fear and agony yet the media report exactly that assisting the terrorists achieve their goals. This is indeed very factual. Objectivity in reporting dictates that the end product is beneficial to humanity. Otherwise if the media, in their desire to inform, candidly exposes the atrocities of the terrorist, it furthers the terrorist agenda. College writing, unlike high school, involves the aspects of presenting ideas in a coherent manner. It involves the supply of proper evidence and subjective reasoning. Ideas must be interesting and objective a
Scientists and astronomers the world over ascribe to the idea that the formation of the solar system is best described by the solar Nebula model. They also concur that the best theory behind the formation of the solar system and the nebula model is the Nebula hypothesis. The hypothesis builds on the idea that the planets and the sun came about as a result of the disintegration of gyratory cloud, this in -turn composed astrophysical cloud and dust. Following this explanation and the understanding gained from this concept, planet formation was the resultant natural result of star formation. Renowned German philosopher, Immanuel Kant was the brain behind the theory in 1755, but its model was designed later by a French mathematician, Pierre-Simon Marquis de Laplace. Laplace presented the model to the world through his witting, “The system of the world”, this was made available as print in 1976 though improvements are still made on the model up to date. This implies that the resultant feature; the solar Nebula was hot at the center. The cloud of dust and gas in the centre was well mixed. The theory pegs its support on the fact that when the rotating cloud of gas begins to collapse due to the influence of gravity, the angular thrust created will compel the cloud to form a region of maximum concentration at the centre. The degree of concentration reduces as one progress towards the periphery of the disc. According to the Nebula hypothesis, the massive central condensation makes up the sun, and the planets were made up as a collection of the material from the disc. It is clear that the biggest object in the solar system, according to the explanation given, is the sun. This also happens to explain the reason why the planets revolve around the planets in their own orbits the way they do; anticlockwise. It is because they are maintained in their orbits by the sun’s gravitational pull, and they only revolve around the sun in tandem to their initial motion during their formation. Kant alludes that gravitational force which originated from the centre of the disk produced a lot of heating the region, causing the astrophysical cloud to disintegrate. The models that have been constructed follow the chronological pattern through the whole process. They demonstrate the cooling pattern of the whole Nebula. These models have helped scientists decode a chemical concentration chain that was at play during the cooling process. Towards the center of the Nebula system, the temperature increases while closer to the sun the temperature gets so high to an extent that no solid matter can withstand it without changing form. Matter existing within a close range to the sun exists in gaseous form, but the further one moves from the sun, the more the temperature drops. The further one moves from the sun, the more states of matter one gets, in that at regions beyond 0.2 AU temperature decreases to below 2000K. Th
Ways in which a highly functioning staff promotes student learning The important requirements for a highly accomplished teaching staff involve good knowledge of the subject taught, proper teaching and evaluation methods, collaboration with other professionals in curricular development, and skills to teach students from diverse racial, cultural, or socio-economic backgrounds. In addition to these skills, proficient teaching requires a professional commitment to promote student learning. A proficient teaching staff promotes student learning by making knowledge accessible to the students. Such staffs remain committed to their student’s learning and understand the differences in their student’s learning styles, skills, interests, and abilities, which allow them to improve the learning environment to promote student learning. Also, teachers can promote student learning by encouraging student volunteers to tutor other students and in the process promote a better understanding of the subject by all students. Accomplished teaching staffs motivate the students and help promote their self-esteem while emphasizing discipline in all aspects of student life. Also, they encourage students to appreciate religious, cultural, and racial differences to foster the learning process. Accomplished teachers promote learning through managing and monitoring student progress. They can regularly assess the student’s academic progress and use appropriate teaching methods that promote student growth and understanding of the subject. Additionally, teachers facilitate learning in schools through collaboration with other teaching staff to promote curriculum development and staff improvement. They also collaborate with the parents to ensure the implementation of a proper policy for the benefit of the students. Teachers also utilize the school’s community resources for lesson projects to promote student learning. Accomplished teachers act as role models to the students promoting virtues such as curiosity and interest in a particular subject, which promotes student learning. Characteristics of a great lesson A lesson should involve different activities that facilitate the learning exercise and meet the objectives set out at the beginning of the lesson. An effective lesson should comprise preparation, presentation of the lesson content, and evaluation of the students’ understanding of the subject through questions. At the start of the lesson, the instructor or teacher should outline the objectives of the lesson to allow the students to focus on what they are expected to learn from the topic. A clearly outlined lesson also allows the students to understand the relevance of the topic of study to their learning and the goal of the lesson. In delivering the lesson content, student participation not only promotes the learning process but also makes the lesson more interesting. However, to avoid the student from being distracted, the teacher should explain to the students the expected behavior during participation. For lessons involving the use of learning aids, describing to the students the proper use of such materials is also important. Student engagement strategies
John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the thirty-fifth president of the United States, at the young age of forty-two. By the time he took office, president John F. Kennedy (JFK) was America’s first Catholic elected to the office, and was arguable perceived and embraced as America’s ”political darling”. His premature death came through assassination on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was riding in an open limousine that also carried First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, Texas Governor John B. Connally, and Mrs. Nellie Connally. Gunshots that supposedly killed John Kennedy were fired as the presidential limousine was rounding off a corner in Dealey Plaza. He had only served for three years by the time he made that fateful trip which he had hoped would help bolster relations between his administration and the electorate. His assassination terminated the sense of national innocence and started the political and social upheaval that is usually associated with the 1960s. Despite his term in office being cut short, John F. Kennedy left an affluent personal and political legacy that has long been admired for many years. The aftermath of John F. Kennedy assassination saw the arrest and the subsequent murder of Lee Harvey Oswald, who was the lead suspect in the shooting that took place from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository’s southeast window. Oswald is allegedly said to have used a Mannlicher-Carcano, World-War II vintage 6.5 mm Italian bolt-action rifle to do the shooting. Ballistic evidence and varying witness accounts project that at least three-four shots had been fired. Although this knowledge is widely known to the media and the general public, there is no comprehensive and concrete theory on the ballistics evidence that backs up the events in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Examination of Rifle and Cartridge Cases The rifle that is supposedly used in the assassination of president John Kennedy is described in the volume, ” Assassination Report of the Warren Commission ” by Gerald Ford, where it states that, ” the telescopic-sight rifle found on the sixth floor of the Depository building had various inscriptions on it, including ”MADE ITALY,” which referred to its origin; ”CAL. 6.5,” which referred to the rifle’s caliber ; ”1940” which referred to the year of manufacture; and the number C2766 which is the rifle’s serial number. After a close examination of these markings, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) identified it as a 6.5-millimeter model 91/38 Mannlicher-Carcano rifle. FBI experts independently identified the rifle by inserting a 6.5 millimeter Mannlicher-Carcano cartridge into the weapon for fit, and then making a sulfur cast of the rifle’s inside barrel and measuring the cast with a micrometer. By d
The feeling of loneliness has been studied scrupulously both in science and from a general perspective. Being very haunting and having a tremendously negative impact of an individual when growing out of proportions, it remains one of the most haunting emotions. According to Hawkley and Cacioppo (2010), social interactions are vital for an individual’s well-being, which is why most people naturally seek company. In their article, Hawkley and Cacioppo (2010) analyze the mechanisms of loneliness development, concluding that loneliness impairs patients’ immune system, causing them to develop disorders in physical and mental health. Although the article could have used more references to real-life cases, the general argument is very strong and coherent. The presence of strong evidence that supports the argument, as well as a profound theoretical background, should be deemed as the essential advantages of the article. Despite the fact that the state of loneliness and the negative emotions that it causes are very subjective phenomena, the article features solid statistical analysis that proves the presence of correlation and, perhaps, even causation between loneliness and negative changes in one’s body (Hawkley & Cacioppo, 2010). Therefore, the incorporation of the tools that allow supporting the specified perspective and obtaining the evidence that can be used to elicit vital information, is strongly appreciated. However, there have also been several oversights made by Hawkley and Cacioppo (2010) in their study. The descried gaps in the quality of the evidence that Hawkley and Cacioppo (2010) have produced reduces the credibility of their previous research, yet it does not change its outcomes entirely. Instead, Hawkley and Cacioppo (2010) manage to convey that a balanced approach toward assessing individuals’ experience in relation to their engagement with their communities is needed in order to produce the desired effect and prompt change in the patterns of socialization. Nevertheless, the authors have managed to provide a compelling analysis of the problem of loneliness as one of the essential contributors to mental health issues in vulnerable groups. The emphasis on the sociocultural factors that define the development of mental disorders associated with loneliness has made the study particularly important. The issue of chronic perceived isolation that constant loneliness entails is a major warning sign of the need to change the environment and introduce an individual suffering from loneliness to a community where the said individual could communicate with others and socialize. Therefore, the study plays a crucial part in understanding how the mental health issues linked to loneliness are