ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Trial emerged from one of the worst fire disasters in American history. The accident occurred in 1911 and involved a fire that engulfed Shirtwaist factory, New York. It led to the death of 146 people who died from burns, smoke inhalation, and physical injuries incurred by jumping from burning building floors to the sidewalk (Laye 3). Many of the victims were young women and children (mostly minors) who came to America (from Europe) to seek employment. Excerpts from historical literatures show that the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory employed young girls of up to 12 years old. The oldest victim was 43 years old (Laye 3). The accident caused a national uproar regarding the safety of workers in American companies. In fact, after the incident, authorities accused the factory owners of manslaughter. The trial involved two parties – the factory owners (Isaac Harris and Max Blanck) and the factory workers (Von-Drehle 291). This paper explores the details of the trial and its significance to America’s history. Sections of this analysis also show the major conflicts of the time and what they tell us about the larger social, cultural, and political issues in history (that relate to the incident). Significance of the Trial in the Wider Historical Context The Triangle Shirtwaist fire was one incident in a series of events that highlighted the plight of workers in American factories. Besides the Triangle Shirtwaist fire, other companies reported employee deaths from factory fires as well (although with significantly lower death tolls) (Von-Drehle 297). For example, a few months after the Triangle Shirtwaist fire, a New Jersey sweatshop reported 25 employee deaths when a fire engulfed the factory (Laye 19). In 1909, a group of employees working in different sweatshops around California organized a strike to detest the poor working conditions in the factories (Von-Drehle 291). These incidences show that before the Triangle Shirtwaist fire, many events highlighted the fragile workplace conditions that could “breed” disasters in American factories. This background informs the events surrounding the incident. Lange (67) says the Triangle Shirtwaist fire was a significant event in America’s history because it contributed to the country’s labor reform movement. Additionally, the trial helped to promote women’s rights in the workplace (Lange 67). These contributions emerged from the raft of recommendations adopted after the trial. For example, one recommendation was the improvement of better working conditions for all workers, regardless of the jurisdiction level (state, local, or federal). This recommendation contributed to political reform at the New York City Council (this political body was often riddled with corruption) (Laye 4). The trial also recommended that all companies should allow workers to join unions, as a prerequisite for better working conditions in the workplace. This recommendation helped to start the American
The context for this presentation is a seminar at an international conference for company CEOs. The CEOs participating in this seminar would like to understand the benefits they can derive from Emotional Intelligence (EI) training for their employees. This comes from the realization that IQ testing is not a good indicator of employee performance. Rather, interpersonal relationships are increasing in importance in every line of work. Technical skills alone are not sufficient for success in business today. The CEOs come from different countries in the world, representing different cultures. They represent different types of companies and different industries. The two main issues in international business communication of interest in the presentation include the universality of emotional communication and the role of non-verbal communication in intercultural communication processes. One of the fundamental assumptions made in the process of preparing this presentation is that emotional communication is universal regardless of the culture. The specific manifestation of emotions varies from culture to culture. Nevertheless, all the fundamental emotions are similar in every society. The second main issue the presentation addresses is the use of nonverbal communication. Again, this is a common characteristic of international communication. The presentation has references regarding the situation and the role that non-verbal communication plays in EI. Nonverbal communication is important because it varies from culture to culture. The presentation is suitable for a multicultural context because of the following reasons. First, the examples chosen for use refer to issues that anyone in business will understand. This includes the use of common business processes such as procurement, product design, and salary negotiations. These factor
Introduction Three of the most influential and powerful companies in the world were charged with fraudulent acts. These are unethical business procedures that should not go unpunished. On the other hand, some argue that this is part of the game, the Darwinian view that only the strong will survive is also applicable in the world of business. In other words, there are times when business executives can be pardoned for trickery to gain that much-needed advantage. The following cases will show that there is no excuse for their actions because, in the long run, they indirectly destroy lives. Business Ethics Some believe that business ethics should be thrown out of the window because business is all about the survival of the fittest. One of the golden boys behind the rise and fall of Enron, Jeffrey Skilling believed in this philosophy so much that he developed a brutal system for evaluating employee performance, forcing several employees to be given the pink slip at the end of the year (Fusaro & Miller, 2002). This idea is prevalent in many circles that many are willing to cut corners to achieve that
In this research paper, the author undertakes a detailed evaluation of a vast amount of written literature mainly of research studies that have been done on the same area with the sole intention of verifying whether indeed the notion of subliminal advertising is effective in marketing strategies and if they are applicable. Throughout this paper, the author objectively discusses in great detail dozens of research studies, both that support the phenomenon of subliminal advertising and those that do not in addition to reviewing marketing models and even psychological studies as well to refute or support the various theories of subliminal advertising that are discussed in the paper. So in essence what the author is doing, in this case, is presenting the evidence, which is then reviewed systematically in a manner that enables the reader to be the judge. As such, by the end of this evaluation the author can make a strong case on why subliminal advertising has little application in the art of marketing despite the seemingly weak evidence that exists in the several studies that claim so. In fact, the author undertakes a critical evaluation of each component of subliminal advertising strategy and shows in more than one way why it cannot be applied in marketing due to many challenges such as their subtle positioning, interference of other supraliminal stimuli, inability of establishing a standardized threshold concept, practical challenges of embedding subliminal stimuli and inability to guarantee a specific behavior outcome among others. Critique This is one of the most elaborately written research papers on the topic of subliminal advertising in which the author objectively presents evidence in very systematic manner for purposes of reassessing the applications of subliminal advertising. This paper has few if any weaknesses for obvious reasons; the fact that it is a desk-based review of relevant literature means that it is not inclined to have any methodological shortcomings in the first place which is the major pitfall for almost all forms of research studies. In my opinion this paper has no shortcoming that I could readily identify except perhaps for the fact that despite the vast literature reviewed there appears to be still more evidence that was not reviewed by the end of it. Low Involvement Learning: Memory without Evaluation The focus of this research study focused on determination of the impact that low-involvement Learning has in respect of two factors that were the central issues of the research study; that of the learning process and how this relates with the resulting belief (Hawkins and Hoch, 1992). The objective of this research study was to measure the impact that the level of Learning on subjects
The Great Depression: A Diary is James Ledbetter’s and Daniel Roth’s edited version of Benjamin Roth’s personal diary that he wrote during the financial crisis of the 1930s. Being a lawyer with a wife and three kids, Roth experienced the major financial crisis of his life. Until today, historians have not wrapped their mind on matters that relate to the depression of 1930-1940, and why the crisis took that long. As a lawyer, Roth documented the confessions from his clients and that of his friends to his journal for 10 years. According to these confessions, it is evident that everyone in all lines of businesses was struggling to earn a living (Ledbetter and Daniel 88). With the prices of everything going down, bank savings getting frozen, tenants being unable to pay rent, and just everyone struggling to survive, it is obvious that the economists of the 1930s had messed up some things along the way. Having taken so long to retain the economic status of Ohio, it was Roth’s conclusion that neither the government nor the economists were any good. He had stopped believing in anything the government said; all he heard were depressing concerns from his clients, friends, and people around him. All businesses were getting worse; people had given up on the government in reviving the economic condition, and some people lost everything in their quest to look for safer forms of investment. Given that his job depended on the financial stability of others, Roth was caught up in a crisis that would only be solved by venturing into other investments. Just like many people, he had ideas on how to invest safely, but had no money to do so. Though there are various theories mentioned that explains the cause of the crisis, Roth clearly insists on concerns about the war that was approaching as the major interruption that affected the intervention of the government in reviving the economy, and the stock market (Ledbetter and Daniel 201). The book is an episode that entails the events that uncovered during the most fascinating era of the American history. For this, the book fails to entertain the readers as all the happenings documented are depressing. However, this was not the intention of Benjamin Roth as he only wrote this in his journal as a reminder of how hard times were, but it was his son Daniel who took it upon himself to published the diary as a book. The book covers very little on the normal lifestyle of the people in Youngstown before the crisis; all that it documents are the hardships that describe Ohio as a hopeless place to live. With the current form of leadership, there are great lessons to be learnt from these events that took place decades ago. Having struggled for years to bring prosperity back, Roth understands how government policies and politics affect the future. Having lived through this crisis, the book offers sincere and factual causes of t
Marquis states that “the loss of one’s life is the greatest loss a person can suffer” (469). This single argument justifies the fact that abortion is morally wrong. A fetus can be treated as a creature that will have a future life. Moralists focusing on the issue of abortion have argued that a person’s life begins after conception. Any attempt to abort an unborn child at any stage of development is therefore immoral and unethical. This essay uses these notions and ideas to explain why abortion is morally unacceptable. The essay goes further to argue that the malpractice should be avoided and criminalized. Why Abortion Is Not Morally Justifiable The world has been divided over this issue of abortion. Some scholars and medical practitioners have argued that women can abort when their lives are in danger. They have outlined the major challenges and issues associated with pregnancies in an attempt to support their proposals. Different groups have explained why abortion should be permitted so that women can make the best decisions for themselves. The most outstanding fact is that the abortion debate has continued to receive diverse views from theorists, moralists, politicians, and philosophers (Sumner 475). This situation explains why a non-opinionated approach can play a significant role towards understanding the moral issues surrounding the question of abortion. To begin with, abortion is a malpractice that denies a potential human being his or future. The act of denying such a person his or her future is morally wrong. One of the reasons why the killing of any human being is wrong is “the loss of his or her future” (Marquis 469). One of the most important issues to understand is that fetuses are human beings by all means. These fetuses have the capacity to become adults. They have a property of life (Marquis 470). That being the case, the best approach towards dealing with this moral controversy is by acknowledging the fact that fetuses are human beings. If it is immoral to kill grownups, then is should be unethical to abort. This is true because the malpractice makes it impossible for the affected fetus to have a future. Some ethicists have argued that abortion might be permitted during the early days of p
Overview An example of a business blog page, offering a variety of media options, headlines, and information. The concept of a blog is a unique but effective communication in the modern digital world, allowing any individual or organization to run a publicly accessible web page with updated information and the latest news. Content on a blog can include everything ranging from text to pictures and videos. A blog and a website for business are often used interchangeably, but while a web page is static and not updated often, a blog receives common and quick updates with relevant information and content. Blogging is a personal online space which allows to write and publish various posts with a large variety of content and some user interaction. Often, blogs are based on certain dedicated platforms such as WordPress or Tumblr. Blogging consists of regularly writing and updating the blog page, providing meaningful and comprehensive information to the readers. An example of a Twitter page for a business, with short announcements and relevant hyperlinks to additional information Meanwhile, microblogging is a relatively recent trend which emerged with the popularity of massive social networking platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. Microblogging combines blogging with instant messaging by sharing snippets of information in short texts usually no longer than 140 characters (the limit for Tweets for example). The posts can also include various forms of content such as pictures or videos, or a hyperlink to a longer article on the topic, but the multimedia are slightly more limited than on a traditional blog. Microblogging has become central in the smartphone era because short posts and the platforms which support these are inherently mobile friendly. Furthermore, in the digital age of significant information overload, it is important to convey the message concisely and directly to the end users, making microblogging effective for mass communication. Current Trends The current trend of blogging and microblogging for business is popular as it is an effective but low-cost marketing tactic which can provide a company with online visibility as well as establish a direct communication link with consumers. It is important to understand that the online environment is interconnected. Therefore, effective blogging and microblogging can drive traffic to the company website as well as physical stores, converting traffic into potential business opportunities. Online name recognition is worth more than most television advertisements since the majority of people spend a lot of time on the Internet, reading blogs and scrolling through newsfeeds of microblogging platforms. It helps to promote brand awareness and grow a business network and client base. WordPress, Tumblr, and SquareSpace remain the biggest blogging platforms, with both free and paid features with each having unique offerings for page creation and marketing for businesses. Meanwhile, Twitter and Facebook remain the leading microblogging social networks, with most choosing to m
Introduction The Neanderthal was placed as a species of the Homo genus and was called the “ Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis”. It is believed that which Neanderthals’ inhabited Europe and parts of western and central Asia. However, they disappeared from Asia earlier than Europe. Studies have found that they did not reach extinction in Europe until 30,000 years ago (Tattersall and Schwartz, 1999, 7117–7119). Ever since their discovery, it has been a subject of debates on their position in the human family tree and also regarding their extinction. They had specific differences from the modern day man in their physical appearance. Their cranial capacity was larger when compared to modern humans. They were short and heavily built. Researchers have pointed out that their brains may have been larger. Additionally, the brain size is linked to ‘a mutation in the microcephalin gene’, which is also seen in the Homo sapiens genetic pool (Evans et al., 2005). Discussion There are several reasons that are pointed out for the extinction of Neanderthals’. Some say it is the diseases caused by pathogens, others say it is the drastic climatic conditions that made their survival difficult, interbreeding was yet another reason pointed out and a few of them say it is the cannibalism that caused the extinction. This paper tries to answer the question is cannibalism the reason for Neanderthals’ extinction? Archaeologists have found evidence that Neanderthal humans were cannibals. For instance, a team of French and American archaeologists were able to trace out human bones that were found amongst the bones of other animals. This suggests the humans were killed, eaten and disposed of in a similar way to the other a
Introduction The authors of the article conducted an empirical examination to study what impact human resources management has on organisational performance and the attitude of the employees. The paper stated that the purpose of the study was to examine whether the human resources management system influences the performance of an organisation. And it was assumed that the collective reaction of the employees mediates this relationship. The article was aimed at investigating the content and process aspects of human resources, and it studied their influence on the functioning of an organisation. To gather empirical data for the analysis, the researchers conducted a survey of 1250 employees working in Greece in both public-sector and private companies, in a total of 133 organisations. The scholars applied statistical methods to study the relationships between the studied measurements. The authors use their findings to prove the two hypotheses regarding the nature of these relationships. Identifying Relevant Literature The authors turn to an extended list of literature to explain the theoretical basis of the study and to support their work with data from previous research. The reference list includes books, articles from various academic journals, and online publications. The authors cite seminal works in the field to explain the background of the study and provide a comprehensive review of the material. The existing literature is used to provide the readers with a coherent understanding of the current situation in the field and to justify the necessity for the study. The article also outlines and discusses varies limitations and shortcomings found in previous research and the lack of large-scale studies published in previous years. Structuring the Review The researchers use the first part of the paper to provide a discussion of the theoretical foundations of their work. Whereas the second part of the article is dedicated to the description of th
Introduction The Bill under consideration is Assembly No. 2792 of the state of New Jersey, introduced on February 1, 2018. It addresses the issue of involuntary commitment to treatment and the involvement of psychiatric advanced practice nurses in this process. I selected this Bill because it was recently introduced and focuses on the problem that needs legal regulation since involuntary commitment to treatment implies some liberty deprivations (State of New Jersey, 2018). The main points of this Bill include definitions of basic concepts related to mental care, a statement of the role of a psychiatric advanced practice nurse, the outline of the process of screening at psychiatric facilities, and implications for amendment of the law governing involuntary commitment procedures. This Bill is likely to have a positive impact on the Nursing Profession and practice because it would allow nurses certified in mental health to deal with the screening and clinical certificates that are necessary for the process of involuntary commitment. Research, Practice and Community Organization Issues of the Bill The research issue relevant to this Bill is the expansion of the role of psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners. This expansion is the demand of time because in conditions of the shortage of psychiatrists throughout the country or their unequal distribution among mental care facilities nurses can adopt some clinical responsibilities in the area of treatment of patients with mental diseases (de Nesnera & Allen, 2016). The experience of the New Hampshire mental health system proves that psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners can be successfully integrated into clinical leadership roles (de Nesnera & Allen, 2016). Thus, the expansion of clinical responsibilities and opportunities of nurses in mental care facilities according to the ideas suggested in the Bill is likely to have a positive impact on the mental health system on the whole and patient outcomes in particular. A clinical practice issue addressed by the Bill is licensing psychiatric advanced practice nurses to complete certificates for commitment as well as execute screening. This change will allow providing mental health services in a setting convenient for a patient and appropriate for his or her recovery. Therefore, the Bill introduces a practica