ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the contemporary world, competition has forced many businesses to focus on exploiting opportunities in the international markets (Wild, Wild & Han, 2006). According to Kotler and Armstrong (2012), the macro factors that affect the international business environment include the economic, political and legal factors. In order to market the front-load washers and dryers in the Czech Republic; the prevailing economic, political and legal factors play a great role in marketing. Economic, Legal and Political Concerns Economic factors determine the viability of a business in a given country (Daniels, Radebaugh & Sullivan, 2015). According to Wild, Wild and Han (2006), economic factors determine the interest rate, the fiscal policies, the GDP and the inflation rates. In 2011, the Czech Republic had an economic score of 70.4. The score led to ranking of the Czech Republic among the top 30 freest economies to do business (Jolly, 2012). Based on the free economy and the mean earning of 20,000 USD, Czech Republic presents favorable environment for the washers. Policies that relate to doing business such as taxes, import tariffs, and money transfer guidelines are dictated by political will (Wild, Wild & Jolly, 2006). The Czech Republic is a democratic country, politically stable, and a member of the European Union (EU). Legislative changes affect the entry and operation of foreign business in any country. In the international arena, legal issues that affect businesses include the type of business ownership, tariffs, foreign policies and local government requirements for the establishment of business (Wild, Wild & Han, 2006). In the Czech Republic, the legal requirements alignment relates to EU trade policies. There are no strict legal restrictions for doing business due to the EU policies used in the Czech Republic. Product Differentiation and Alteration Strategies The free trade in the Czech Republic has opened the country to increased competition from the both the international and domestic firms. The competition requires companies intending to enter the market device strategic strategies to gain a competitive edge. One key strategy for the entry to new market is product differentiation. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2012), product differentiation is a marketing strategy such as value addition. For example, the machines will have technological specification to increase efficiency of the machines hence creates a perception of a superior brand. Product alterations play a significant role in gaining competitive advantage. Kotler and Armstrong (2012) stated that product alteration is a marketing strategy that aligns a product to adapt to the target customer preference or meet the required conditions in the market. The alteration strategies for the machines will be based on target market preference. The front washers and drye
Introduction Intimacy entails development of feelings of closeness and belonging between two individuals involved in an intimate relationship. The closeness, which develops over some time, involves the two people having knowledge and experience of each other thereby giving room for the development of awareness and affective behaviors (Morris 2002, par. 3). On the other hand, the intimate interactions are the interpersonal associations, which develop out of repeated interactions between two individuals and fulfillment of the emotional needs of each other. Social psychologists indicate that the late adolescence and premature adulthood stages of life-span development are the most important stages for development of interpersonal associations in an individual. This also involves the period when most individuals are occupied with the urge of experiencing romantic and intimate relationships. Research studies indicate that development of intimate relationships follows the development of self-experience and self-formation. In this case, self-formation entails the way in which an individual presents
Introduction The natural resources in Ontario are to be protected to ensure their prudent use across the province as well as sustain the needs of future generations. The management of the ecological, societal, and economic welfare of the city of Ontario is dependant on the combined efforts put by the various key players in meeting this goal (Ministry of Natural Resources, 2009, para.1) The Ontario government passed legislation in 2001 that instituted a plan on land use and management of resources for the conservation efforts of the 190,000 hectares of land situated inside the Moraine. This is in line with the provincial land-use arrangement criteria within which municipalities are in charge of putting into operation provincial policy throughout their official arrangements and in times of making decisions on issues of development. This endorsed planning takes priority over the plans that the municipalities may have. The policy of woodland protection in Ontario The initial significant woodland (SW) Criteria lacked the definition of woodland. At this time, the definition is very important as the basis of defining the significance. Section 15.4.5 of the official Plan defines it as “Woodlands are complex ecosystems of different tree species, shrubs, ground vegetation and soil complexes that provide habitats for many plants and animals.” The “significance” of woodlands is determined in terms of natural features and ecological functions, provision of important ecological functions that are uncommon to the planning area, the woodland provides distribution of open space amenities and recreational activities, it provides habitat for endangered species, and it contains unusual natural communities or landforms.”(Hussey , 2008, p.3). The proposed amendment considered woodland to be “Significant” it achieves a “minimum of one high or five medium criteria scores as determined by application of the Guideline Document for the Evaluation of the Ecologically Significant Woodlands” (Hussey, 2008, p.4) The Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan (ORMCP) gives additional defines woodland as a “means treed area, woodlot or forested area, other than a cultivated fruit or nut orchard or a plantation established for Christmas trees .” (ORM Significant Woodlands, 2004, p.2) The identification of woodland is based on various factors. The area must have a tree cover of over 60% but it is considered a forest in the Ecological Land
There is an abundance of heated debates regarding the First Amendment to The U.S. Constitution in recent times, yet this topic is rarely being discussed in films. Liz Garbus’s Shouting Fire: Stories from the Edge of Free Speech provides an in-depth look into the subject, exploring many controversial cases revolving around the freedom of speech. Martin Garbus, the father of the film’s director and the First Amendment attorney, expresses his point of view throughout the film. He considers the First Amendment to be the key feature that led the United States to become the world’s leader ( Shouting Fire 0:1:50). The discussion about the topic examines both past and more recent cases of the consequences of free speech. Even though the First Amendment explicitly prohibits any laws regarding the freedom of speech, Congress continues to make exceptions from it ( Shouting Fire ). Even in the past, politicians have recognized that freedom of speech can play a detrimental role in their agendas ( Shouting Fire 0:36:20). Despite some of the concerns raised by the movie that can cause some distress in modern society, the issue of dwindling freedom of speech remains largely ignored while more laws are being passed that limit it. The film’s take on this topic shows how the United States continues to drift away from the fundamental basics on which this country was able to build a great nation. The movie depicts how a major adverse event can shift the views of society towards the acceptance of fewer freedoms in return for perceived safety. Free speech requires to be protected continuously from any attempts of limiting it ( Shouting Fire ). I believe that this notion remains as strong as ever in the current year. Work Cited Shouting Fire: Stories from the Edge of Free Speech . Directed by Liz Garbus, Moxie Firecracker Films, 2009.
Global financing is a system that involves financial institutions that work internationally or around the world. Such institutions include the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. These institutions are global banks that give funds to countries with financial constraints as well as giving economic advice. This paper focuses on the roles of international financial Institutions. According to Chossudoysky (2003), some of the financial institutions like the World Bank and IMF were formed in the last periods of World War II. Woods Bretton initiated both financial institutions, and their roles keep changing because of technology and political progress. Their traditional role was to standardize currency exchange rates and monitor international trade in its members and lend money to countries which experienced financial crises. World Bank greatly assisted European countries, especially after the World War II to rebuild their countries. The World Bank later made plans to support third world countries, particularly those that are in Africa. This has made global economy undergo a change in International Financial Institutions (IFIs) because foreign trade and capital are the cause of the economic development. Today, global financial institutions are guided by international laws since they control many countries. These international laws were put in place due to many conflicts such as political crisis, which hinder the financial institutions from being operational in some countries. The law ensures that the member countries are able to pay their contribution without any crisis. The IMF and the World Bank are regulated by the United Nations because they are its agencies. The United Security Council controls the two financial institutions and makes sure that it supports its member countries (Hill, 2009). The global financial institutions such as the World Bank have long-term goals like development. It also upholds international financial cooperation while promoting global trade and making sure that the exchange rate in all the involved countries are stable. These financial institutions like the IMF get their resources from the quota system where the member countries give contributions, especially when there are new members subscribing. The IMF also gets its funding from the gold holdings. It is the third largest institutions that have many tons of gold. Goldman (2005) asserts that borrowing is also another way that the global institutions use to get funds; they borrow from their members whose economic status is high. An interest charge from the countries which borrows loans is also of great help to the global financial institutions. Hill (2009) argues that
Executive Summary of the Article The article “Employee Motivation: a Malaysian Perspective” by Islam and Ismail published in 2008 focused on the identification of factors which contributed to employee motivation while working in organizations in Malaysia. Islam and Ismail used a survey method as a means of investigating these factors. This involved preparation and administering a survey questionnaire that had ten motivating factors compiled from different literature sources. These factors include interesting work, appreciation of the work done, working conditions, job security, feeling of involvement in organization, good wages, career growth and promotion while in the organization, organization loyalty to employees, and sympathetic help in personal problems (Islam, & Ismail, 2008). Human resources professionals were consulted in the process of refining these motivating factors. Employees from various organizations were requested to rank the factors evaluating their effectiveness. Results of the study suggested that gender, education, and race were significant as they influenced employees very much. Critique of the Ideas Results of the study revealed that only six factors of the ten investigated were the most effective. These factors included high wages, provision of better working conditions, growth and promotion, job security, work done appreciation, and interesting work. Money was definitely expected as the first and perhaps the most important factor. In the modern society money is usually the only thing that separates a person from the object that they desire. Being able to earn as much money as is necessary to provide good living condition for oneself and one’s family is clearly a strong motivating factor. (Nawab, 2011, p. 1212). The authors also found that job security greatly influenced motivation. Because of this fact, employees preferred to choose organizations which promised to offer job security. This indicates why job security is ranked as one of the main factors for employees’ motivation. The next factor that contributes to workers’ motivation is mirrored in the working conditions. Working conditions are associated with the worker’s well-being, job satisfaction, and remunerations (Wiley, 1997, p. 279). As such, organizations which provide better working conditions tend to attract more competent and reliable labor force; as a result, it contributes to the improvement of the overall performance of the organization. Employees value the possibility of advancement in their professional work very much. Therefore, employees consider promotion as one of the significant factors as it shows that organization values its workers. Moreover, employees’ promotion leads to the development of motivation among workers. Promotion of employees helps to ensure that they develop a positive attitude towards work and appreciate it. When employees appreciate their work, they develop a self-drive in their activities, which enables them to attain success within their working environment. Furthermore, interesting work gives the workers motivation to improve their individual level
Introduction Continental Mills is a company situated in Seattle in the United States. The Company which began operations in 1932 specializes in making mixes for home made baking products. At present the company is planning to increase its presence in the island country of Kava. Till now the company has been importing coffee, cocoa, bananas, and sugar for use in its products from this country. The founder of the company feels that a lot of resources have been purchased from this place and that it is now time to give something back to the country. Hence the decision of expansion is taken. Even though a tourist paradise, Kava has some major drawbacks also. It is plagued by natural disasters and a variety of tropical diseases. There are also threats from terrorists. But the advantages are, the availability of cheap raw materials mentioned above and also abundance of cheap and qualified labor. The population consists of an ethnic mix of indigenous South Pacific tribes, Asian (Chinese primarily), African, French, Spanish, and since World War II, a sizeable number of Americans. Continental Mills is represented in Kava by the very efficient and enterprising Alex. Decision implementation It would be relatively easy to form strategic decisions about moving into Kava, but implementing it would be a problem. “Good decisions may have less than desired results not because of the validity of the decision, but rather because of the way the decision was implemented.” (Borkowski, 2006). A review of literature reveals many factors that may affect decision implementation. Some of the relevant factors from different sources are given below. Factors affecting decision implementation As study conducted by Susan Miller on implementing strategic decision implementation titled “Implementing strategic decisions: four key success factors” lists the following factors that affect the process. They are “backing, assessability, specificity, cultural receptivity, propitiousness, familiarity, priority, resource availability, structural facilitation and flexibility.” (Miller, 1997). Other authors have given their viewpoints on this topic. They include trust, unresolved conflict during decision making, quality of the decision and external conflict. (Tony, 1996). Other relevant factors include bias against the decision or decision maker, costs of the implementation and resistance to change. Proposed solutions Since the implementation of the decision is to take place in Kava with all its advantages and disadvantages given earlier, proper backing is essential. The place is un
Introduction Social loafing is one of the factors that always keep managers worried about the output that their employees would give when working as a group. Bardes (2008, p. 196) defines social loafing as “the phenomenon of people deliberately exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone.” This scholar says that scientific research has proven that people tend to deliver less when working as a group than when working as individuals. In a workplace, it is very difficult to let people operate as individuals. Large organizations have numerous employees who must work as a team in order to help the organization achieve its goals. These people must work as a team. They must work as a single unit, always helping each other in order to realize the dream of the organization. The problem comes when social loafing is felt within such a firm that is struggling to realize its objectives through its motivated employees. Research has proven that when an individual is working in a group, chances are always high that the individual would always deliver about 75 percent of what he can deliver when working as an individual. Human being has a weakness of reducing his output, sometimes unconsciously when he or she realizes that he or she is working alongside others. There is always an assumption that someone will always do what another has failed to do. This research investigates what social loafing is, its causes, the impact it has on firms, and how managers can reduce its effects. Causes of Social Loafing Scholars have investigated what the causes of social loafing are and a number of factors identified as the main causes of social loafing. One of the main causes of social loafing is the diffusion of responsibilities. Goolnik (2006, p. 76) says that when people are put to work as a team, they always tend to find themselves lost in the group, and tend to lose focus of what they should be doing. There will be a change in their thoughts, from the belief that ‘the work is my responsibility’ to the belief that ‘the work is our responsibility’ whenever any assignment is given. With this mentality, an individual would feel that he or she does not have the full responsibility of ensuring that the task is completed successfully. In such cases, the individual would deliver less, knowing that a failure would be blamed on several other members. This is the opposite of what happens when people work singly. In such situations, they always know that it is thei
I would like to tell you more about my experience of working as an accountant in a company, outlining positive and negative aspects. As with any job, the most rewarding and beneficial experience was associated with getting to know different kinds of people and learning from them about accounting. I learned how to approach people when I had a problem, or I needed advice. Even though my job was predominantly working on my own, I still managed to interact with others regularly and observe how they were doing their job. To me, gaining knowledge from others was the most rewarding experience. The negative experience associated with my job as an accountant was related to the fact that the HRD head of the company did not regularly interact with employees. In the majority of instances, he rarely came out of his office; thus, many issues remained unresolved for weeks. As a future HRD specialist, I believe that developing good communication patterns with employees contributes to a company’s success. Without it, employees are unable to get the necessary training and support to become more productive and efficient in their work.
The Walt Disney Company is an entertainment service provider which operates and invests in ventures which further entrainment for teenagers and children. The company is a diversified entertainment company that has four basic segments for its operations, specifically media networks, studio entertainment, parks, and resorts, as well as consumer products. The operations of the company are primarily based in the United States. The company states that it is committed to its corporate governance policies. The main points of the corporate governance policies of the company pertain to promote the practices and standards which ensure that shareholder interests are represented in their original while being independent. However, the board of directors is held accountable for the activities and the operation of the business. The company is also committed to conducting business activities according to a trio of the highest standards of business ethics while complying with the laws and rules of the regional and national state of government. The company also has established a specific code of conduct which indicates to its director, managers, and employees as to what is a different method of interaction and communication in the company which abides by the regional laws and regulation. These are specifically addressing the issues of conflicts of interest, business relationships for the directors, as well as information pertaining to the use of corporate information and assets. The code of conduct and operation of the business also enforces that the directors of the company have to abide by the laws, rules, and regulations that are inherent in the state and in the industry. Moreover, it also encourages fair dealing when interacting with the company’s employees, customers, suppliers, and even competitors. The Federal Express Corporation is a courier and postal service provider. The company has been able to create a leadership position for itself pertaining to urgent and overnight deliveries. The business was initiated with the mission to produce superior and financial returns for its shareholders. Aside from this, the company has been focusing on providing high-quality, value-added logistics and transportation services to its customers. The company has also included in its mission to conduct its corporate activities according to the highest standards of professionalism and ethics. The main key points of the corporate governance strategy of the FedEx Corporation include transparency in its business and financial transaction, as well as the clearly outlined definition of the responsibilities of the board members, employees, and managers in the company. Corporate governance is also used to provide for how the staff at the Fed Ex corporation