ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Among the changes brought to business in the twenty-first century, the spreading and popularization of the Internet are arguably the most noticeable. The acknowledgment of the opportunities provided by it to the business sector has invariably led to the emergence of e-commerce and, by extension, e-government. The shift of government into the digital domain is beneficial both for individuals and business entities, as it offers better time and resource management, decreases the costs of operations, raises the efficiency of departments, optimizes the operations by excluding unnecessary steps, and otherwise benefits the stakeholders (Lamersdorf, Tschammer, and Amager 14). However, the shift from the traditional to the electronic governing scheme has been known to cause difficulties. These difficulties are multiple and can be grouped into several categories: technical (the difficulties of establishing the infrastructure, securing the privacy of users and other sensitive information, and providing the required level of security), financial (primarily, the high cost of equipment and skilled workforce), social (the cultural barriers and IT literacy issues), and organizational (resistance to change, lack of external collaboration and support, and shortage of qualified personnel) (Aqel 92). Arguably, all of the difficulties can be addressed by the skilled management by preparing the basis for e-transformation and, as a part of it, assessing and enhancing the e-readiness of the target audience. Relevance of the Problem The problem is relevant for the United Arab Emirates for two reasons. First, the economy of the country is developing at a phenomenal pace. To sustain the pace and secure the possibility of managing the business structure in the nearest years as well as guarantee solid basis for the long-term growth, the shift to e-government is absolutely crucial. Second, the current pace requires the external as well as internal participation. In other words, UAE needs the involvement of the international partners in business as well as other fields. As a matter of fact, the country has demonstrated a range of policies that are oriented towards encouraging and supporting collaboration with international parties. However, it is important to acknowledge that most of the developed countries have either already undergone or are on the way of implementing an e-transformation. It is thus highly likely that their decision will at least in part be dictated by the UAE’s compliance with the standards of e-government and the readiness to accept their partners’ innovative approach (Mälkiä 5). Research Questions First, the research highlights the defining role of the IT executives in implementing the successful e-transformation. Second, the research aims at reviewing the existing imp
Bacevich is a professor of international relations in the University of Boston. He served in the US army. His ideologies are termed as catholic conservative (Bacevich 5). In his book limits of power, he talks about the US culture and its effects on the US economy. This paper will discuss his ideologies as explained in his book The Limits of Power . US global power is unsustainable into the 21st century Bacevich argues that the US needs to evaluate its national policies to maintain its economical position in the world. He views US global power as one that is unsustainable in this century (Bacevich 19). The US needs to change its national and foreign policies to meet the changing economical trends in the world. The American culture of abundance aims at satisfying people’s needs. This has led to people living beyond their means leading to overspending and low savings for both the US government and citizens (Chalmers 20). The US government has also been pushed to have trade deficits and high levels of borrowing to allow the country to maintain its current economic position. In attempts to live a life of abundance, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened (Bacevich 139). As such, economic imbalances have extremely gone high in the US. Bacevich also states that democracy in the US has been highly compromised due to economic inequality. Overspending and less saving has led to high levels of debts for the US government. He argues that the Vietnam War by the US in 1960’s to 1970’s was unnecessary (Bacevich 19). He points out that the government spent a lot of money to fund the war, which did not raise government’s income. Instead, the war led to economic instability in the US causing inflation. He argues that a country that was once world’s largest lender has moved to be the world’s largest debtor. The US government obtains most of its products including oil and petrole
Executive Summary Adidas has been a renowned brand for very many decades. However, the company has encountered a wide range of obstacles thus remaining less profitable. The company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Herbert Hainer, has failed to record positive results. Competition from companies such as Under ArmourInc and Nike Incorporation is making it impossible for the firm to achieve its objectives. Kasper Rorsted, Henkel AG’s former CEO, is expected to “restore growth at the company” (Emmerentze, 2016:4). His past performance at Henkel AG explains why more stakeholders have trust with Rorsted (Ricadela, 2016). In order to handle this challenging role successfully, Kasper Rorsted should embrace the power of analytical and conceptual skills. Why Conceptual Skills are Important for Rorsted Conceptual skills are competencies that make it easier for individuals to think critically in order to understand every complicated process. Adidas is a company that has numerous resources and opportunities. The company’s CEO has failed to embrace specific strategies that can make the corporation successful. The level of competition continues to threaten the performance of the firm. As the new CEO, Rorsted should embrace the power of conceptual
There are increasing concerns about the effect that the fashion industry has had on teenage girls and young women. Legislators worry that the increased emulation of the eating patterns of fashion models is having an undeniable contribution to the eating disorders evident in teenage girls and young women. This issue increased its gravity after the death of Luisel Ramos during a fashion week in Uruguay. The girl, reportedly, died of heart failure as she exited the runway in Montevideo. This, therefore, triggered the existing necessity for legislation over the limits of skinniness in the modeling industry (Laucius 1) and led to implementation of BMI legislation in Spain. Given the impact that the skinniness in the industry has on the young female community, there is need for such intervention. There’s substantial empirical evidence that ultra-thin models contribute to eating disorders among women. A study conducted by two marketing researchers showed that women get more attracted to products that are hawked by thin (beautiful) models, even if the appearance of the models makes them question their beauty. A college study of young women with a product booklet with models and another without models showed that women get a negative feeling about their appearance after seeing modeled products but they are more likely to buy the products that are modeled by these thin women. This means that they associate beauty with thinness and thus they are likely to develop eating disorders while attempting to get thinner (Klonick 1). Eating-disorder experts and psychologists have also confirmed that the modeling/fashion industry poses a negative influence to the eating habits of women. The models in the fashion industry tend to be thinner every modeling season and thus psychologists are greatly concerned that young girls and women may try to emulate them. The psychologists argue that modeling promotes anorexia by making the already anorexic women have the misconception that they are normal. It also makes healthy girls to develop negative feelings about their appearance and thus they may engage in unhealthy weight-control behaviors. These behaviors include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and are generally referred to as disordered eating (Hellmich 1). Due to the concerns about the effect of model-thinness on the young female community, the Madrid fashion show banned ultra-thin models from the catwalk in 2006, in a bid to balance beauty with health. The ban set a limit of a height-to-weight ratio of 18. This BMI means that a woman who is 5 feet 9 inches tall must be at least 125 pounds. This ban led to concerns over the necessity of legislation in this sector in Milan, India and Britain but experts argue that the success of such legislation in the U.S. depends on consumer demand. They argue that the consumers have to demand non-anorexic figures for such legislation to be successfully effected here (Klonick 1). The effect of the ultra-thinness characteristic of the modeling industry on the eating
The Research Question/Objectives In the study, the authors address the issue of social capital, networks, and networking skills. As the authors state, management education frequently overlooks the impact of gender on the individual’s ability to use and build networks (Cullen-Lester, Woehler, and Willburn, 2016). In this paper, the authors aim to present a framework that will help management educators examine misconceptions about networks, teach others how to understand if a network is working effectively, and recognise networking strategies that will have a positive impact on a network’s effectiveness (Cullen-Lester et al., 2016). The authors cite major misconceptions about networking, e.g. ‘networking is sleazy’, ‘there is no time for networking’, ‘bigger networkings are better than smaller ones’, etc. (Cullen-Lester et al., 2016). To prove that such misconceptions cannot be applicable to networks, the authors provide various concepts and theories that existing networks are effective tools that can benefit employees and their companies. Although the authors state that their paper also focuses on gender differences and their impact on networking systems, they address the gender problem almost separately from the research. Thus, it seems that the authors’ initial aim was to help management educators understand the importance of networks. The Gender issue, that is marked as the keyword of the paper, is mentioned at the end of the objectives. That is why it is unclear for the reader whether the authors focused on the gender problems as extensively as they examined the networking strategies or regarded the gender problems as a subsidiary issue to the main question of the paper. Main Concepts The authors provide several concepts that help the readers understand how networks function and what benefits they are able to provide to their users. The authors stress the importance of open and diverse networks that bring the users valuable and rare information (Cullen-Lester et al., 2016). Moreover, open networks also allow users to seek information in such resources that are not available to others. However, the authors notice that women usually have limited possibilities in such networks due to gender stereotypes. The authors do not provide an opposite opinion on the networks. Instead, they stress their effectiveness and usefulness; however, other researchers have stated that development of networks can have an adverse impact on the individuals’ morality and feelings (Casciaro, Gino, & Kouchaki, 2014). It was also left unmentioned that the networks could affect employees negatively because they depend on some of the contacts more than on others (Bizzi, 2016). Thus, networks do not always make the individual’s performance more effective. Another concept the authors present in the article is the balance between relationships at work and acquaintances, according to which, women have fewer multiplex relationships than men due to various factors that do not allow them
Philosophy of science is the complex field of knowledge which intends to unite the worlds of sciences and humanities to discuss the aspects of science with references to humanities. From this point, philosophy of science aims to explain the aspects close to the field of humanities because of the necessity to provide the large theoretical background and to question points which are not important for scientists due to the lack of an empirical component. Thus, the philosophy of nursing provides the expanded theoretical background for nursing as practice, focusing on the questions of theories and methods used in the nursing practice. As a result, nursing can depend on different theories which can be rather philosophical or they can combine the aspects of science and philosophy as the theory of strings does. The PBS documentary The Elegant Universe is based on Brian Greene’s book in which the theory of strings is discussed as the “theory for everything” (The Elegant Universe, 2011). According to Greene, the paradox in science which depends on the impossibility to unite the general theory of relativity developed by Albert Einstein and the quantum mechanics can be overcome with references to the theory of strings because of its universality. Although the theory of strings is too complicated to understand it fully, and it is rather controversial, the elements of the theory can be applied to the discussion of many issues related to philosophy of science because Greene states that it is difficult to draw the line between science and philosophy while discussing the creation of the Universe and its principles. Following the theory of strings, it is possible to assume that the world exists basing on the vibration of tiny strings which are the energy strings. From this point, the world laws are based on the laws of energy and its distribution and interaction of strings (The Elegant Universe, 2011). In spite of the fact these principles are difficult to apply to the philosophy of nursing directly, there are some points which should be discussed from the perspective of this theory. According to Kuhn, the philosophical knowledge about science is based on the paradigm shift. Thus, the paradigm is the complex of beliefs about the world or the definite aspect, or element of knowledge along with the complex of methods used to understand this element (Dahnke & Dreher, 2011, p. 105). However, the borders of a paradigm can be expanded with references to the idea typical for the
Introduction In medicine, the benzodiazepine groups of psychotropics are amongst the most widely prescribed drugs (Blackwell, 1973). The first true benzodiazepine was chlordiazepoxide and was marketed as Librium in 1960. Valium (diazepam) was developed and marketed around the same time. Due to the wide margin of safety of benzodiazepines, they became very popular as sedatives and hypnotics (Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein, 2006). In Australia, at least 4% of all prescriptions made by general practitioners include the benzodiazepines diazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam (Britt et al., 2007.) This essay describes the mechanism of action, clinical uses, side effects, problems, and controversies associated with benzodiazepines. Mechanism of Action In the process of experiencing anxiety, the central nervous system inhibitory neurotransmitter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), plays a major role. The GABA receptor complex has several subunits (Roy-Byrne, 2005). GABA is an inhibitory transmitter in areas of the brain like the limbic system, reticular activating system, and the motor cortex (Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein, 2006.) Whenever the GABA–benzodiazepine receptor complex is activated, chloride ions move into the neurons. This leads to an increase in membrane polarization and inhibition of neurons (Roy-Byrne, 2005.) Benzodiazepines act by amplifying the frequency of ion channel openings, thereby enhancing the function of GABA. By this process, benzodiazepines cause CNS depression (Roy-Byrne, 2005), and results in clinically observable muscle relaxation, decreased agitation, along an antiseizure effect (Pary & Lewis, 2008). Thus, depression of specific CNS areas explains the actions of benzodiazepines like mood alteration (limbic function), drowsiness (reticular activating system function), and muscle relaxation (motor cortex function) (Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein, 2006). In addition, the brain may have specific ‘Valium receptors’ with which benzodiazepines may be interacting (Young & Kuhar, 1979.) Side effects The side effects of benzodiazepines correlate with their relative half-lives. Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, and clonazepam, which are longer-acting compounds, tend to pile up active metabolites. This results in impaired cognition, retarded psychomotor performance, and sedation (Reus, 1998). Alprazolam and oxazepam, which are shorter-acting compounds, produce side effects like early morning insomnia, daytime anxiety, and when discontinued, cause insomnia and rebound anxiety (Reus, 1998.) Other side effects of benzodiazepines include: lethargy, nausea, skin rashes, decreased libido, irregular menstrual cycles, blood cell abnormalities, and increased sensitivity to alcohol and other CNS depressants (Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein, 2006.) Withdrawal from the longer half-life benzodiazepines can be accomplished through gradual, stepwise dose reduction (by 10% every 1–2 weeks) over 6–12 weeks. It is usually more difficult to tap
Introduction Electronic medical records (EMRs) are computerized recording systems designed by health-care organizations for delivering information to patients and medical professionals when needed. The service has been in existence in the United States for more than 30 years but its usage has been limited to few medical professionals particularly the office-based health-care providers. There are many brands of EMRs such as CureMD, Praxis and Misys among others. CureMD is a web-based EMR system certified by CCHIT for delivery of information on care management records and medical evidence to patients and medical professionals when required. The system is comprised of integrated applications such as modules and sub-modules linked directly to secluded offices, laboratories, medical machines and devices, and pharmacies to ensure provision of instantaneous and inclusive accessibility to the required information at the right time (CureMD Corporation, 2010). The system, which is accessed through the internet, allows the physicians and other authorized medical personnel to access patient records and hospital practices outside their offices. On the other hand, Praxis electronic medical records system utilizes Concept-Processor software that creates a medical information database for the medical professional for each individual case encountered. The Concept Processor is referred to as a neural network capable of automatic documentation of new patient information and records by salvaging identical content that may have been encountered earlier (Praxis, 2010). The software displays the results through a bell-shaped curve and for each new case encountered by a physician, the processor can display one out of three outcomes. The new case can be identical to a previously encountered one or it may be similar but not identical to the past case. Moreover, the new case may be very different from any of the medical cases encountered by the physician (Praxis, 2010). The world-renowned software company that provides software services to most health-care organizations and financial services developed the Misys EMR software. The software allows health-care organizations to provide patient care services such as laboratory orders, chart notes, transcriptions and prescriptions through an automated system (DataFuzion, 2004). The key features of the system include templates, tools and links, which allow an authorized user to access additional information by a single click. This research paper seeks to compare the three brands of electronic medical records discussed above in the context of their importance to health-care organizations. Comparison of CureMD, Praxis, and Misys Electronic Medical Records The three EMRs share similar features that enable the medical organizations to maintain continuous care management records for all cases encountered. The features of CureMD include history tools, electronic prescription, computerized physician orders, workflow editor, voice recognition, and business process designer among others. These features enable medical professionals or any authorized personnel to access numerous tasks through a
Environmental Perils The world is currently facing various environmental perils that are threatening human life on earth. Some of these include the climate crisis. The issue of climate change is turning out to be a significant issue in human life. It has come to be realized that the modern lifestyle of man puts a large amount of stress on the earth “that nature can not simply handle” (“Climate change” para 1). Some of the issues that arise from the problem of climate change such as ozone layer depletion, El Nino, and global warming will soon have a severe effect on human life around the world. There is powerful scientific evidence on the urgent need “to achieve a peaking of global emissions before 2020 and a steep decline to less than 50 percent of 1990s emissions levels by 2050 if we are to avoid catastrophic climate change” (“Climate change: a global problem requiring a global solution” 2). Many people have been lamenting over the issue of the climate crisis, For instance, Mindy Lubber, a former regional administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, delivered a speech in October 2008 at a Deutsche Bank conference during the financial downturn that followed the subprime lending crisis, in which she pointed to the fact that we are about to leave behind an environment that is imperiled to the future generation. She further pointed out that the major problem that is facing the world is, global climate change. She blames society for presenting the claims that it is taking action to deal with the situation but in the actual sense, it is not doing something close to this. We should care about future generations by taking the appropriate measures to protect them against the effects of the climate crisis and environmental destruction. Everyone in the world should go green to improve our environment and impact our planet positively. In the current day, the number of people who are not aware of the meaning of the phrase “going green” is not large. It is an expression that has started becoming common in the last decade and will continue to be popular among people in the future. With the world facing problems such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, and the extinction of a large number of animals as well as plant species, it is time to take appropriate measures. Thomas Friedman points out that thinking about how to live and work in a greener fashion – with cleaner electrons, greater energy, and resource productivity, and an ethic of conservation, is being popularized and democratized (Friedman 290). According to him, at the present, this is “no longer an elite issue for those people who l