ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Chinese history is as old as the early dates of the evolution of mankind. The recorded origins of fire indicate that china was the first to use it around 1.3 million years ago. By the years 6000-5000 BCE the Chinese were practicing arts in form of doing carvings on the rocks that consisted of many different characters including subjects such as the sun and the moon. In China, there was the kind of political practice whereby the people were under dynasties, meaning that they were ruled by a single family until such a time that the members of the public would feel unsatisfied with the rule, leading to a coup (Townsend Para 13). Period’s description In the Neolithic era, they started the domestication of plants and animals along the yellow river, whereas in the Yangtse, there was the practice of fishing and hunting. This was followed by the formation of towns in Yangtse together with the introduction of writing, carving, and weaving in the Bronze Age. During the Iron Age, there came to be the introduction of circular coins, and it is during this period that the issue of magnetism was discovered (Townsend Para 4). At around 200 BC, there was the construction of the Great Wall of China, and improvement of the trade relations which involved Asia and the Roman Empire, and the use of architecture in the design and construction of the palace; the use of ink started at this time. Later on, the powers of the Buddhist influence increased in china until the resurgence of the Confucians started undercutting the Buddhists. There was a start in the usage of tea and coal, discovery and large use of paints, and the use of poetry. Indeed, the first book was printed around 900 AD (Townsend Para 4). During the classical renaissance in China, there was the introduction of paper money and the discovery of the compass enabled and helped in the exploration of unknown territories. This was later followed by the introduction of theatres specializing in opera together with the use of novels (Townsend Para 4). The Chinese history up to the 15th century shows that they were leading in terms of development by having achieved things that other societies had never heard of. By the time China was using written notes, most of Europe was using the word of mouth. During the Shang dynasty, there was an effort to document the past where they used animal skins and bones to keep forecasting records (Stearns, Adas, and Schwartz 64). In addition, there was widespread worship of many gods and ancestors as they believed that their parents once dead joined the league of the gods. Indeed, the ruler had to be appointed by the gods so that the people he was ruling over could exist in peace; if the ruler lost favo
Introduction This report discusses a designed behavior change program aimed at promoting energy saving quest at Mr. Faud’s household. Programs that promote behavioral changes are important in various contexts. Concurrently, environmental sustainability involves making appropriate decisions when executing activities that safeguard the natural biosphere for future generations. It has become a very significant issue as individuals are recognizing the full effect that businesses and people could have on the environment. Environmental sustainability requires some behavior change focused on conserving the environment. However, change for sustainability is not only the obligation of corporations and individuals but also the state and federal governments. Some policy instruments are necessary to overcome barriers to behavioral change. These include economic instruments, regulations, education/training, and information provisions (Ginley & Kahen, 2012). Others comprise community participation and institutional change. Background Information Energy is the major focus of most significant economic, environmental and developmental concerns within the modern society. Clean, cheap and dependable energy services are indispensable for the worldwide affluence. Emerging nations, specifically, should expand their access to reliable and present energy services if they need to lessen poverty and advance the health of their people. Concurrently, they need to upsurge productivity, improve competitiveness and promote the overall global economic growth. The current energy sources are not enough to serve the requirements of underprivileged citizens. Consequently, threatens the realization of the MDGs. For example, if there is an inadequate supply of reliable energy services, institutions such as hospitals and schools can never operate smoothly. Access to hygienic water and cleanliness is inhibited without effectual pumping capacity. Food security is badly affected, in most cases, with the overwhelming influence on susceptible populations. The first step in realizing sustainability, not only in buildings but also in organizations, involves building energy efficiency. This is very useful in curtailing rising costs of energy, reducing environmental trails, and improves the value and attractiveness of buildings (Sioshansi, 2011). Identifying the most effectual solutions towards realizing sustainability in houses involves creating energy saving solutions that will guarantee getting the most out of each and every single energy unit in the house. Also, it encompasses utilization of resources that is available within the house to full effect so as to decrease the environmental footprint and the operating costs. High household energy consumption can be very expensive in the long run. For instance, in this program, the cost per kilowatt hour of energy is $0.2643. Before the adoption of the program, the total cost of energy consumption was $65.62. After the adoption of the program the total cost reduced to $43.74. This indicates a 21.88 per cent reduction on the cost. The excessive cost, if accrued over some time, could prove too costly for Mr. Faud. This is a
The ultimate goal of any scholarly medical research is to ensure positive changes in the empirical clinical practice, as the existing theoretical frameworks present little value to the professionals when not implemented in real life. As far as nursing practice is concerned, one may note that while much attention is paid to the specifics of the “nurse-patient” paradigm, significantly less scholarly effort is put into the examination of the nurses’ well-being in modern clinical settings. One of the most common issues nurses face today is inadequate staffing within the facility. Essentially, inadequate responsibility allocation among the nurses in a certain healthcare organization inevitably results in poor patient outcomes and missed nursing care (Ball et al., 2018). The latter stands for the process of care omission and delays in providing the required interventions. Although this issue has existed for a long time, the scopes of this problem have increased drastically since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the researchers, increased patient vulnerability to the COVID-19 infection is explicitly correlated with inadequate staffing within the facilities, as nurses are incapable of paying enough attention to every patient in order to define their risks of being infected (Harrington et al., 2020). Thus, it is evident that more scholarly research is required in this area of nursing practice due to its relevance in the modern professional context. Moreover, while many researchers try to analyze the issue in the paradigm of patient outcomes, there is little academic proof on how poor staffing affects nurses’ mental and physical health, satisfaction, and retention patterns. Hence, it may be concluded that there is currently a gap in the sphere of scholarly evaluation of nursing staffing. Once the gap is bridged, clinical managers will be able to reconsider minimum requirements for staff and nurses’ duties in order to avoid emotional and physical burnout and low retention rates among nurses.
Introduction Every country has specific institutions and agencies as well as policies and strategic plans that enable them to ensure the safety of their population. The United States has tools of its own to address the challenges of the modern world. One of the primary concerns of the American government is terrorism as this phenomenon has been associated with considerable civilian casualties and massive destruction (Nemeth, 2016). The tragic consequences of the 9/11 attack led to a substantial reorganization of agencies aimed at ensuring people’s safety. This paper includes a brief analysis of the concepts of homeland security and homeland defense as well as the critical infrastructure within the domain of homeland security. Homeland Security and Homeland Defense Concepts Missions, Responsibilities, and Resources The United States, like every other country, has had to address numerous issues throughout its history. National security and the protection from foreign forces have become a central concern of the US government in the 20th century (Nemeth, 2016). The concept of homeland defense is closely linked to the country’s efforts to address such challenges. The Department of Defense (DOD) is responsible for developing and implementing strategies to predict, prevent, and mitigate the adverse outcomes of diverse events (Department of Homeland Security [DHS], 2006). Apart from addressing military issues, the DOD responds to such threats (and their aftermaths) as natural and manmade disasters, including but not limited to biological and chemical catastrophes, terrorist attacks, and floods, as well as fighting forest fires (Nemeth, 2016). Included in the Department of Defense are the US Navy, Air Force, and Army. This department of the US government is also related to agencies such as the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. However, the DOD has been found lacking in the efforts to preserve national security. For example, Roberts (2014) notes that it often fails to achieve its primary goals or responds to hazards ineffectively due to a lack of coordination between the agencies in different states. The concept of homeland security is mainly associated with terrorism and authorities’ efforts to address this issue. Homeland security can be defined as any governmental agency’s effort to predict, prevent, and respond to such hazards of moder
Odyssey by Homer is a story about a brave hero who wants to return home after the Trojan War. His return is too complicated and too lengthy. Going home, Odysseus overstays for 20 years. All this time he dreams of seeing his wife and his son. Family is the only wish he strives for. The story starts with the following words, “Speak memory – of the cunning hero, the wanderer, brown off course time and again after he plundered Troy’s sacred heights… By now, all others who had fought at Troy – at least those who had survived the war and the sea – were safety back home. Only Odysseus still longed to return to his home and his wife.” 1 Odysseus had to survive many complications and tests. 20 long years he struggled with various difficulties for coming home to his lovely wife, Penelope, and their son Telemachus. Being a good father and an excellent husband, Odysseus did everything he could to return home, however, there were a number of barriers, however, having returned home Odysseus killed all people who wanted evil to his son and all men who tried to convince Penelope to get married with them, therefore, the family feelings and the desire to protect his wife are the most important ones for Odysseus as this is exactly what he tried to achieve. Trying to consider what Odysseus had to overcome to get home, it is essential to understand the reasons of his lengthy journey home. 20 years Odysseus was absent. 10 years of war in Troy are over and the way is free to get home, however, Poseidon, one of the most severe enemies of Odysseus, does all possible to prevent his from returning home. Poseidon has the reason to be angry with Odysseus, he blinded his son the Cyclops Polyphemus, therefore, he has to suffer as well. Nothing makes Odysseus fight for returning home than his love to wife. Odysseus has to come through many barriers, he has to fight with the gods, he must overcame the sirens, and a witch and suffer at other situations presented by the fate, however, he managed to do it. Trying to explain the feelings to the gods, overcame the sirens, surviving trials with a Cyclops and a witch to his wife, trying to see his role as a husband, the following part from the poem should be quoted. Sitting together, Calypso and Odysseus, Calypso is trying to make sure whether Odysseus really wants to get home to his beloved wife. Warning Odysseus about tremendous suffering, Calypso offers him the following, …if you had any idea of all the pain You are destined to suffer before getting home, You would stay here with me, deathless – Think of it, Odysseus! – no matter how much You missed your wife and wanted to see her again. 2 However, the reply of Odysseus helps understand
Introduction The emphasis of peaceful interactions among the nations cannot be undermined at any cost. Peace is one of the fundamental factors that influence growth in economic activities, development of political governance, among other important aspects of living. Without peace, many areas of human existence are affected. Peace is the essence of living, and the lack of it can be termed as the opposite of life. When people cannot interact peacefully, there will be chaos and disarray. Therefore peace is supreme in the world, and without it, nothing is achievable. This essay seeks to outline several evidences to prove that peace is the most important thing in the world World War II The Second World War was one of the most destructive battles in the world. Its effects especially in Japan are felt up to date. The war broke out form a simple conflict between nations, and it eventually turned into a global conflict. As seen in the picture, American soldiers are kissing and celebrating with their wives their victory against Japan. Looking at the picture, one can clearly see that all the people captured are happy and excited to know that their spouses are back home safe and sound. Peace brings happiness to families and among nations. It took years before Iraq became a fully politically run state (Dumas and Thee 89). World War II had greatly destabilized Europe, and all that people wanted to be an end to the fighting. This photograph was taken in Times Square on the 14 th of august 1945, and it has been used in many occasions to commemorate the day of peace in America ( History.com par. 2). The conflict between 30 countries including Japan, Germany, the Great Britain, France among others led to a war that lasted for six years and caused millions of deaths both military and civilians ( History.com par 2). Considering such damage, peace is therefore one of the most important things in the world today. Effects or war/lack of peace Where there is no peace, there is war. War can be among people from different races, clans, tribes, religion among other profiling strategies. Nonetheless, when war occurs in a particular region or country, the effects are horrible. One of the major effects of war is hunger and starvation. the World War II was greatly influenced by the instability that was created by the first world war which had only ended two decades earlier ( History.com par. 8).Adolf Hitler
Introduction Chinese ancient literature is admired by many historians because of its diversity and ability to portray the social situations experienced by people in different dynasties. Tao Qian wrote great poems and masterpieces during his time (Rydholm 8). Most of his works are known to have influenced future generations across the globe. In Li Qingzhao’s works, different styles and imageries are used to portray the experiences of many Chinese people during the Song Dynasty. This discussion examines the differences in subject matter, style, and imageries between the works of Li Qingzhao and Tao Qian. The essay goes further to describe how such differences illustrate the situations in the respective societies. Thesis Statement: The use of song lyric and art collection in Li Qingzhao’s work portrays the disillusionment associated with the Song Dynasty while Tao Qian’s dianyuan style depicts the disunion and desire for freedom during the poet’s era. Styles, Subject Matters, and Imageries Tao Qian embraced different styles and subject matters in most of his masterpieces. Tao Qian is “revered by many readers because of his ability to pursue personal integrity” (Puchner 1000). Qian decided to quit his government job and returned home to become self-sufficient through farming (Puchner 1001). This was an effort aimed at promoting his inclinations. He also popularized the 5-world line style to poetry. During Qian’s time, China was characterized by nonunion and turmoil. Many people of the time focused on simple lifestyles. The poet was against any form of worldly ambition. His concept of simplicity was emulated by many members of the Tang Dynasty. He was an “extraordinary man who followed his natural imp
Finding a Way; Afghan Women’s Experience in Community Participation Afghan women are hard-working; they possess exceptional goals and objectives for their families and communities (Lindgren and Juliene 46). The author of this article shows the importance of these women in their communities. He also brings out a concept about the importance of doing cultural research by directly taking part in their community projects. He reviews Afghan women’s way of life and their definition of community participation, according to their experiences. This is through a careful analysis of five women who went through an interview. The author covers highly critical concepts of how these women define being active in the community and how they apply it in a real-life situation. He also shows the health-related problems and risks that these women face in resettlements. He emphasizes the need to understand people’s cultures in a bid to handle them correctly. These women believe that community participation is part of being active and that it leads to considerably quality health. On the other hand, being active mainly involves the projects and activities that they are doing and the driving force behind their actions. We hence come to understand that women in the Afghan community are of particularly significant value (Lindgren and Juliene 92). The author does not, however, clearly bring out any concept about Afghan men, which may force a critic to believe that this author has some level of discrimination. However, it is essential for women to be treated high with dignity; they should be given their rightful place in society without discrimination so that they can achieve their goals and objectives in life. Understanding the Culture of the Chinese Children and Families People who do not understand each other’s cultures cannot live together in peace. The author uses the Chinese culture to show that different communities have remarkably variant and unique cultures, which may not merge in any way (Cheung et al. 21). Chinese people have seven different languages and proposees usually many cultural and religious beliefs, which may affect their response towards some issues like medical care in foreign countries. The author hence conveys the need for student nurses to expand their knowledge about Chinese people and their cultures. He succeeds in conveying his message by adding that Chinese people have roots in Buddhism and Taoism. These emphasize dignity, which may make it difficult for these people to express their feelings about illnesses. Nurses are the largest group of health care providers; it is a matter of extremely high importance for them to enrich themselves with skills that will help them to deal with different people who have different cultural practices and beliefs. The author, however, tells us that the rates of suicide cases among Chinese women are exceedingly high. However, he does not in any way propose a solution to this problem, which can be helpful to health care providers and counselors who deal with such people. A general review of this article, however, gives nurses a substantial reason for trans
Attempting to overcome the data management problem with the help of using information technologies, the healthcare providers should pay attention to the ethical and legal implications of this process. The successes in the usage of the electronic health records and in implementation of health information exchanges and national data repositories can be challenged by such problems as the breach of confidentiality and privacy and the inappropriate distribution of the healthcare organizations’ documents. The data management in the healthcare industry is based on collecting, recording, and analyzing the information effectively, but the main ethical and legal issues are associated with such aspects as the responsibility for the data storage, correct use, and provision of only authorized access to the materials. Thus, the main ethical and legal implications of the data management problem are the issues of privacy, confidentiality, appropriate usage, and distribution of the materials. The problem is in the fact that the personal data in relation to the patient’s state or definite procedures can be used not only by the physician but also by the persons who are directly involved in treating the patient and indirectly support the process. That is why, the risk of breaking the ethical and legal norms in relation to the patient’s privacy and confidentiality is always high (Ries, 2010). In spite of the fact physicians and all the employees in the healthcare industry are responsible for following the legal and ethical norms, modern programs used for overcoming the data management problem should be also effective to decrease the risks of breaking the ethical and legal principles. For instance, electronic health records contain the medical history of the patient which can be shared by different healthcare providers to complete the definite goals (Khosrow-Pour, 2006). To avoid the ethical and legal conflicts based on the choice of the effective usage of the necessary information to care the patient and the issues of confidentiality and privacy, it is necessary to provide the control of the authorized access to the information and its distribution. It is impossible to give passwords and other significant information on the access to the system to persons who are not responsible for the data management or treatment. From this point, the main ethical and legal implications of the data management are connected with collecting and using the data appropriately, basing on the principles of confidentiality and privacy. Nevertheless, it is also possible to determine such associated issues as the problem of the computer literacy while working with the electronically recorded information, the problem of the guaranteed data security, and the question of distributing the information between the healthcare providers and practitioners without breaking the confidentiality law (Ries, 2010). To avoid all the negative ethical and legal implications of managing the data within the healthcare industry with the help of electronic health records and with references to the health information excha