ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Sound Introduction A sound wave is a mechanical wave through which we listen. We can hear only a part of the mechanical wave spectrum with a frequency of 20 Hz to 20 kHz and not beyond this range. Amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and speed are some of the important attributes of a sound wave. The amplitude of sound wave determines its intensity while the frequency and wavelength multiply to give the speed of the sound wave. However, the amplitude of a sound wave in no way affects the speed of the sound wave. A simple experiment can be designed to investigate some of the attributes of a sound wave and their interrelations. Design of Experiment A source of sound wave capable of producing different frequencies and different amplitudes, a detector of a sound wave at a particular frequency, a measuring tape, and a stopwatch are required for this experiment. A sound wave can be then produced at different frequencies and amplitudes and the same can be detected by the detector kept at a known distance from the source. A stopwatch will be used to measure the time taken by the sound wave for traveling from the source to the detector. Data and Results A virtual experiment was carried out to investigate different attributes of a sound wave. The experimental data and the calculated attributes of the sound wave are presented in table 1. All the data was recorded on MS OFFICE Excel spreadsheet and all the calculations were also done using Excel only. Table 1: Experimental data and calculated attributes of sound wave motion. Trial  Frequency (Hz)  Time (s)  Number of Wavelengths  Wavelength λ(m)  Velocity 1 m/s  Velocity 2 m/s   1      198             0.0151    3                      1.666666667      330             331.1258278      2      297             0.0149    5                      1                297             335.5704698      3      396             0.0149    6                      0.833333333      330             335.5704698      4      500             0.0153    7                      0.714285714      357.1428571     326.7973856      5      604             0.0151    9                      0.555555556      335.5555556     331.1258278      6      703             0.0151    10                     0.5              351.5           331.1258278                                                                               Average=333.53  Average = 331.88  Discussion & Conclusion Speed of sound wave using v =λ*f shows a lot of scattering. This is because what was measured is the number of complete waves and this number is small, therefore, this led to erroneous value for wavelength and finally caused a lot of scattering. However, the average value is reasonably close to the speed of sound in the air. The value of the speed of sound calculated by the d/t method is more consistent. In this case, the error is on the account of variability in stopping the watch when the sound wave reaches the 5 m line and therefore, variability in time required to travel a fixed distance of 5 m. However, in this case, the scatter is much less. In this c
Introduction The enthusiasm of US administration for supervision of the human rights situation in other countries, obvious under annual reports of State department on this theme, outlines to what degree some samples of its lawmaking are controversial to democracy. This subject concerns US Patriot Act – a law given to US special services carte blanche for shadowing the private life of Americans in the context of their protection against terrorism. In essence, the US faces a dilemma of exclusive importance. Whether the volume of a civil freedom will all the same correspond to the constitution, or the total control of the authorities in the country of the mind conditions of the Americans will remain in whatever place they reside. This paper analyzes the US Patriot Act in terms of advantages and disadvantages divided between security and civil and constitutional rights. The Patriot Act – Between Positive and Negative As previously stated the main range of the advantages and disadvantages of the US Patriot Act lies within the problems of security, which have been found after the 11/09 attack, and the infringement of the rights of US residents resulting from implementing security measures. Assessing the positive consequences of the US Patriot Act, the following main outlines might be considered:   * The Act patched the security gaps which were existent before 11/09 attack. Despite the criticism of the measures taken through the Patriot Act, it should be admitted that 11/09 attack unveiled the breach in security that allowed such attack to take place. The attack in many ways made a massive impact, where “For millions of Americans, it portended a grim new world order for the days ahead, where even the most secure society might be penetrated and devastated by a small band of determined zealots.” (Abdolian & Takooshian, 2003)   * The Act in a particular way proved to be effective. The starting point of the Act was the 11/09 terrorist attack which required an immediate and effective reaction. In the issue of the effectiveness, as of 2005, “Since its enactment, 395 people have been charged with terrorism related crimes, leading to over 212 convictions.” (Ryan, 2005)   * The Act improved the existent security practices. This point is similar to the first one; except that it is aimed to point out that the main sections of criticism in the Act were not newly introduced. For instance, searches without prior notice “have been standard law enforcement practice for years.” (Ryan, 2005) Addressing the issues of criticism or the disadvantages of the Patriot Act, the following outlines might be considered:   * The loss of liberty, a disadvantage that outlines that a fulfilling neutral position in the procedures listed in the Act has not been reached between security and personal freedom, where “civil libertarians, libertarians, and many others have raised concerns that the nations involved are sacrificing their liberty to enhance their safety.” (Etzioni, 2004, p. 9)   * The denial of refugee protection. The US has provided a great help to the refugees wh
There are two cases presented for analysis in this essay; Trolley Problem I and Trolley Problem II. In the first case, a runway trolley would kill five people on its pathway. These persons can only be saved by pulling the switch in the train. However, pulling the switch would kill one person. The dilemma is whether to pull the switch or not. In trolley problem II, a runaway trolley would kill five people on the pathway if it stays on its course. Again, pushing a stranger to the track is the only way to save these persons. The body of the stranger would prevent the train from hitting the five people. Nevertheless, the train would kill him. Again the dilemma is whether to push him or not. In both cases, the response is yes because in either way there would be loss of life. Therefore, it is better to save many lives at the cost of a single life. Immanuel Kant was one of the most prominent philosophers. He is widely regarded as a key figure of the present philosophy. Kant argued that human beings should act in a way that upholds humanity as an end but not to meet certain goals. According to him, rational beings should never be treated simply as tools for achieving certain ends. Instead, they are regarded as an end in themselves and their rational motives must be respected. Kant argued that there are some kinds of actions, such as murder, stealing, and dishonesty, which are totally forbidden, even if they would result into more joy. In applying Kant’s ethics to the trolley problem I and II, there are two queries that must be taken into consideration. First is whether it is rationally justifiable for every person to act in a similar way. Second is whether the action upholds humanity and not simply using beings to meet certain goals. If the answer to both questions is no, then the action should be avoided. Apparently, in both trolley problems I and II, the act of pulling the switch and pushing a stranger to the train pathway would kill them and save the lives of five other people. These acts would mean using human beings to make an end, preventing the death of five people. Per se, these actions would not be accepted by Kant. A reasoning being cannot sensibly accept being treated simply as an object to make an end; they are regarded as an end in themselves. The two acts contravene Kant’s ethics and are not acceptable. In addition, Kant would refute such acts if adopted by everybody. Jeremy Bentham and Stuart Mill were the two philosophers who developed utilitarian ethics. Utilitarianism stresses on the outcome of actions, which are either pain or pleasure. According to the theory, the right action is that which results into greatest pleasure over pain. However, the consequences of an action are not considered only to a person but for everyone. In addition, the consequences of an action are analyzed based on its long-term effects. Utilitarian ethics claim that in any particular dilemma, the right decision to mak
Abstract Change management is one of the topics in business, which have been accorded a wide range of coverage. This is mainly based on the fact that change management has been found to have a profound impact, with regard to the performance and future of any business organization around the world. Although it has been described by a host of authors and business experts, change management can generally be defined as a systematic shift from the current status of a business organization or an individual to a more desirable state. Even though this term exists, it has turned out to be ambiguous to some people based on the aspects, which it encompasses (Goldsmith & Carter 2009). These aspects include but not limited to adaptation to change, control and implementation of change. Introduction This report gives an analysis of Whirlpool Corporation with regard to change management. It is divided into various segments to ensure that all aspects of change management, which relate to the firm, are addressed in a concise manner. For instance, the report will give a summary of the case, by featuring critical facts. Under this, the analysis will focus on specific change that was introduced by the company, together with factors, which triggered the adoption and implementation of the change. Besides this, the report will feature relevant change management issues, which are faced by the company. Under case analysis, appropriate change management models and theories will be applied by referring to authentic literature like books and journal articles. This will help in understanding the manner in which change at Whirlpool Corporation is being implemented and received. Home Appliance Industry The industry emerged in the early 20 th century with a few home appliances like refrigerators, washing machines and temperature controlled stoves among others. However, most of these appliances had an array of disadvantages as others like the refrigerator contained explosive substances. In addition, the Great Depression and World Wars experienced during the 20 th century also affected the growth of the industry, as it picked up in early 1950s (Rivkin, Leonard & Hamel 2006). Due to emerging technology, most home appliances became attractive, effective and cheaper as compared to earlier years. Through regulations, home appliances were designed based on energy saving principles. Additionally, they were environmental friendly through compliance of manufacturer with laid rules and regulations (Goldsmith & Carter 2009). With regard to consumers, most of them had diverse tastes and preferences. However, some were influenced by residential constructors who fitted houses with home appliances, mostly obtained from companies with fair prices. Nevertheless, customers got involved in direct purchase of the products during replacement of worn-out appliances (Rivkin, Leonard & Hamel 2006). During this time, most of them were influenced by their friends and media advertisements, with a few opting to get details online,
The Arabian Peninsula, which was the birthplace of Islam, has historically and culturally been defined by the religion. The region’s ethnoreligious landscape was diverse in terms of communities, affiliations, and beliefs, but centered around the core principles of Islam. In turn, this defined social and daily life in their norms as well as entirely interconnecting religion, culture, and politics for centuries to this day. Based on Marranci’s anecdotal dialogue in the first pages of his book, it is argued that Islam is inherently a cognitive process, formed by many maps with different variations to form the complexity of the Islamic religion, interpretation, and expression. This is the basis of his contribution to the anthropology of Islam, highlighting that the religion is best seen as a set of interpretive resources and practices based on texts and methodologies that Muslims view as holy and participate in centuries-old traditions that are similar across cultures and regions. I partially agree with this perspective on the general approach to Islamic anthropology. Islam is one of the few religions historically which fully defines all aspects of life for its followers and is intimately interconnected with socio-political and ethnic events and practices. Muslims participate in a global tradition, and their worshipping practices, along with historic struggles, also provide the capacity to adapt and diversify. Social practices for Muslims are interpretations of textual traditions such as the Quran, which are legitimized and put into practice by organized religion. However, the question arises of how individuals, from an anthropological perspective, view, and grapple with the Islamic resources and practices in a meaningful way. In order to progress to a socially embedded tradition, practices have to undergo a semiotic uptake across societies, in a way, being “authenticated” by Muslims individually. This allowed for Muslims to construct the quality, unification, and legitimacy around Islamic practices in politics and prayer. Marranci in the introduction of his book, states the challenges of studying the anthropology of Islam, particularly from an unbiased and epidemiological perspective. This is due to what he indicates a lack of proper research, with much anthropological religious research on Islam being highly debatable or portrayed through a colonial viewpoint on regions of the Middle East and Africa. Marranci makes a valid point, and the historical context of anthropological research has been euro- centered, as its Northern neighbors have consistently colonized the MENA regions throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. However, in a modern globalized world, the science of anthropol
Human trafficking is a global crime industry that enslaves and takes advantage of large amounts of people for illegal purposes. Main outlets of human trafficking take the form of labor, slavery, sexual slavery, prostitution, and organ harvesting. According to the triangle model of social analysis, dominant ideologies impact various societal institutions, which influence the values, beliefs, and actions of an individual (Contennial College, 2015, p. 75.) In light of the presented model, human trafficking has gained its place as a global industry due to normalizing dehumanization through ideologies and social structures. As members of the society, every individual has to be aware of this glaring issue, and do their part in preventing human trafficking. Human trafficking is indeed a significant system that obtains substantial amounts of illegal profit. The question now becomes, how can a horrible exploit that violates human rights in such wicked ways grow to global size and continue to thrive to this day? The answer will require examining political, economic, social factors, and ideological elements that take part in the issue. The primary purpose of sociological systems is to influence every member of society. Therefore, the investigation of the presented matter will have to consider the way an individual adds to the problem of human trafficking. This project will present an in-depth analysis of various aspects and perspectives that contribute to human trafficking. The political side of the issue will be presented by student 1, students 2 and 3 will analyze the economic side of the problem, and social factors will be presented by student 4. In conclusion, student 5 will show how an individual can make a difference in terminating human trafficking locally and globally.
This report mentions multinational companies and their environments. It also discusses a key issue faced by MNC, which is the cultural impact and how to overcome this problem. This report also illustrates some implementation strategies related to MNC. In this modern world, a lot of multinational companies are registered. Increased globalization boosts the growth of multinational companies in the world. It helps to enhance the cooperation between countries and leads to the concept that the whole world is under one umbrella. With the growth of multinational companies, anyone from any part of this world can get products that are manufactured in any other part of the world. Till the last century, it was difficult to imagine that one bought a product which was manufactured abroad, but in this century it is common. The growth of the multinational company is the reason for this kind of change in the world. Software and hardware companies like Microsoft, Intel, IBM, electronic companies like Sony, Casio, automobile companies like Ford, Hyundai, Toyota, etc. are some of the popular multinational companies. This report mentions the multinational company Wal-Mart, with its base, is in the United States of America. Wal-Mart is the world’s fourth level company in online selling and it is one of the topmost job provider companies in America. Wal-Mart has around 6400 stores around the world. Like many other multinational companies, Wal-Mart provides a good environment for its employees as well as customers. They offer competitive salaries; a person who works in Wal-Mart gets good benefits and many opportunities related to the profession. Through the expanding stores in different countries, they are in a position to provide many job opportunities in future also. In the past, their health care service to the employees was not good. In recent times they have devoted much attention to this area and now they provide enough health care services by contributing towards premium and changing working hours. They conduct the campaign for this collecting opinions from their employees working in different stores within America and abroad. (Wal-Mart Workers Need a Union). Almost all multinational companies face some problems relating to their working environment. Wal-Mart also has these kinds of problems. One major complaint raised against this company was they discriminate against women in matters like a job promotion. The reason for this is that in this company around 90% of employees are women, but in the top-level management this rate decreases to 15%. Another complaint against Wal-Mart is in the matter of hiring employees through illegal immigration. These are not unsolvable problems. Wal-Mart has started to work on this kind of complaint. Wal-Mark takes security measures to overcome market changes. “Despite the general weakness in the world economy and the uncertain environment that prevailed, Wal-Mart had reported sale growth of 11%, amounting to $6.4 billion.” (Ramaswamy, 83). Wal-Mart tries to supply renewable energy and reduce the
In a society that has turned from collectivism to individualism, privacy and personal freedom play an important role in people’s comfort. Those concepts suggest a possibility to do what one pleases without violating the rights of the rest (Gammon, 2012). Considering that, I agree with Yue Chen’s statement that pandemic-related restrictions may make people feel deprived of personal freedom as they cannot do what they wish, for example, walk in groups or hold parties. On the contrary, I do not share my classmate’s view on the way the idea of individuality may be considered unsociable and dangerously selfish. As I see the meaning of this assumption, a person who continues socializing offline notwithstanding the limitations is fatally selfish. The reason is obvious: gatherings facilitate contagion, and organizing them just for fun means putting a number of people at risk for the sake of somebody’s enjoyment. Physical contact is not compulsory for keeping a good relationship as long as there are messengers, phone calls, and video chats. To show my family and friends how important they are to me, I try contacting them more often in the way they prefer. In particular, I call my mom, who is not fond of texting, but text my friend, who is often too busy to speak in real time. Actually, I would not say something has changed dramatically about my communication. I have friends in other cities I hardly saw more frequently before the pandemic, and I have elderly relatives not able to text properly. I still miss my close family and our dinners where everyone used to share their routines, but the well-being of my dearest is what I value more than my sentiments. Reference Gammon, K. (2012). What is freedom? Live Science. Web.
In modern organizational settings, the significance of effective management of change cannot be underestimated. Organization X, which is based in the United States, is regarded as one of the largest conglomerate corporations in the world. This company operates through various subsidiaries in the energy, technology infrastructure, and capital finance sectors. Since the inception of Organization X in 1892, it has efficiently managed change processes that have seen it become one of the highly profitable companies in the U.S. However, in the wake of the increased competitiveness in industries in which it operates, its management team has realized the need for integrating secure and resourceful automation systems. A successful change process needs to incorporate various components of the change toolkit that constitutes a set of ideas, tips, tools, techniques, and inspirations, which foster the management of change in an organization. As this paper reveals, Organization X has benefited hugely from change management theories, including Kurt Lewin’s model, the transformational framework by John P. Kotter, and Kubler-Ross’ change curve. The mentioned change management concepts provide the guidance for successfully managing reforms in various organizational contexts. However, this paper discusses the extent to which Organization X has adopted the above change management theories in its operations. The Change Toolkit The change toolkit incorporates an array of concepts that facilitate the effective management of change. According to Brown (2009), the change toolkit contains tools that focus on change preparedness, the identification and assessment of stakeholders, managing communications, sustaining and managing technological change, and the opposition that is linked to organizational reforms. These elements influence an organization to choose a strategy that is expected to yield optimal results regarding performance and profitability. Although the directive strategy of change is considerably fast, it ignores views raised by people who are affected by the change, hence subjecting them to resistance that is captured in the change toolkit (Laposi, Dan, & Oţel, 2016). On the other hand, the participative approach to change management underlines the need for ensuring the commitment of individuals who are expected to experience the change directly. This strategy boosts workers’ acceptance of change. As Kirkpatrick (2001) asserts, the change toolkit also addresses the issue of developing a feasible change strategy. In the context of Organization X, the initial step in the implementation of reforms involved embracing a strategic perspective regarding the reason for the change and the process to be deployed to execute it successfully. Additionally, the creation of the change strategy required this