ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Coming to terms with one’s mortality is a struggling process, and psychologists are interested in this conceptual quandary’s early progression. A full comprehension requires an understanding of death’s four defining properties: universality, irreversibility, causality, and cessation of bodily processes. Researchers are especially interested in whether these four components’ development follows an overall cognitive development or is dependent on age alone. Thus, this analysis generates the topic’s focal inquiries regarding the approximate age of concept acquisition. To answer these questions, literature that ranges over thirty years on children’s development of the death concept is explored. The Four Cognitive Components of Death Examined Most authors place the emergence of an early understanding of death at around the three-year level. Children this young can partially understand some aspects of death, although their lower cognitive functioning level is reflected in highly concrete or egocentric sorts of responses (Koocher, 2018). Kane (2019) found that the child’s death concept becomes articulate as more components are acquired and develop from absence to incomplete presence to complete presence. According to Gelman and Nguyen (2018, p. 495), “A coherent concept of death entails an understanding of four key concepts: inevitability, universality, causality, and finality.” Each study examined at least two of these critical concepts, and all of them have been routinely recognized as the necessary building blocks for a child’s complete construal of death. There is a substantial discrepancy between each researcher’s findings for each component’s age of acquisition. Lazar and Turney-Purta (2018) stress that children’s full understanding of death concept development requires looking at each subconcept separately. They argue that studying the development of the concept of death as a whole is inappropriate. The tendency to do so has led to incongruent findings among researchers over the years (Lazar and Turney-Purta, 2018). Each concept is outlined below in a mutually exclusive fashion for clarity. Universality The concept of universality entails the idea that death is universal and inevitable and that there are no exceptions. Nevertheless, young children will believe that certain actions can be taken to avoid it. This is before full comprehension of death’s universality component (Harris, 2018). Generally, children understand that other people will die before they accept it, and they predict their death to be in the far future when they are old. As a result, kids cannot grasp the possibility that their deaths can occur at any time. Universality is a component that every researcher studied, often asking the question, “Does everybody die?”. Unlike some of the more complex components, the determined age of universality acquisition is unanimous between researchers.
,,The Tourist” Tourism is rarely viewed through the social theory lens and the concept itself can hardly attract the attention of people who are not engaged in scholarly work. Dean MacCannell, however, managed not only to disclose the concept of tourism, but to involve other scholars into the discussion of culture, authenticity, cultural experiences, the construction of social reality, moral integration, social solidarity, and the like issues which he connects with tourism and touristic experiences. His book “The Tourist” was written in 1976 and is often referred to as “a classic analysis of the tourist industry” (Guash and Zulaika, p. 179) for it discusses important aspects of tourist experience which almost do not change with time. These aspects may be regarded as universal because what is written in MacCannell’s book is easily applicable to any tourist; the information presented in the book helps to define the true purposes of tourists and the expectations any tourist has about his/her journey. The classic status of “The Tourist” by Dean MacCannell can be justified today, because this study can explain the intentions of even modern tourists; it pays due attention to cultural issues, which is always topical, and is filled with examples of touristic experiences which help to illustrate the author’s ideas and add proper emotional coloring to the book. “The Tourist” wrangles over the issue of authenticity helping to define which purposes the tourists pursue when beginning their journey. This is one of the things which make the book a classic study on tourism, because the modern society is represented by the mass leisure with tourists’ searching for authenticity which, according to them, is absent from everyday life. MacCannell presents modern society as “complicated, competitive, rat racy, dog-eat-dog, racist, exploitative, slick, superficial and corrupt,”(MacCannell 145) which emphasizes the modern tourists’ desire to seek for authenticity even more. There is no wonder that in such a society the issue of authenticity is being paid so much attention to. Nevertheless, MacCannell believes that the tourists’ quest for authenticity is a mere disguise because “not all travelers are concerned about seeing behind the scenes in the places they visit. On occasion, and for some visitors, back regions are obtrusive” (MacCannell, p. 96). Therefore, the study suggests that tourists are unwilling to discover u
Introduction The paper “Effects of innovation in the tourism industry on the quality of elderly care” is a carefully designed paper aimed at bridging the gap between the various practitioners in the tourism sector and how they (practitioners) effectively relate to their elderly clientele. Whereas the number of elderly clientele is steadily increasing, it is evident that the services provided are not changing appropriately to accommodate the dynamic needs of the clientele. This is happening despite the advancing technology. There is therefore a growing need on how the practitioners in the tourism industry can understand the need of the upcoming elderly clientele, exploit the emerging technologies and satisfy the special needs of the ageing population. Contributory Agenda Instead of using a case study to reveal the state of the sector, the paper takes a more general approach that evaluates the impact of innovation in the tourism sector on the wider global elderly clientele in a manner that will be easier for the practitioners to comprehend. This approach has been chosen deliberately because tourism is a complex sector that involves practitioners based within different geographical locations from their clientele but still working together for mutual satisfaction. The major contribution of the paper is therefore an attempt to link the service providers from different global destinations (and cultures) to the special needs of their potential elderly clientele that is growing by day. At the same time, the paper aims at contributing significantly as a guide to the elderly tourists who spend large amounts of money and time seeking providers who would perfectly understand their special needs and offer them at affordable rates. The paper offers these two important contributions through a suggestive approach where integration of technology is introduced as the missing link that can bring the two important tourism players together. The paper, therefore, brings out the idea of an innovative business approach as the solution towards meeting the specific needs of the aging members of the global population. Through a review of appropriate literature, the paper carefully guides the practitioners towards understanding how innovative tourism can be integrated among the tourism products to meet the special needs of the elderly through the appropriate use of emerging technologies. The research findings clearly inform the practitioners and their aging population clientele on the different innovative products and the different available rates around the globe. The findings are believed to contribute greatly to the significance that the practitioners in the tourism industry will accord to the innovation and integration of emerging technologies. Conclusion The real revolution in the tourism sector can only be realized through the improvement of the internal dynamics of innovative responses to the special clienteles’ needs and the adoption of a proactive attitude towards embracing modern technologies in the tourism ind
Opening a YouTube account is relatively easy since no financial requirements are involved. The site requires you to specify your user name. This has to be distinctive to avoid redundancy. In addition to the name, one is required to indicate the date you were born, gender, a nation where you reside and indicate that you agree to their terms of service (Fahs, 175). You will be required to give your email address and set a password of your choice. Once you are done with this, you receive an email with a hyperlink that allows you to verify your account. On completion of this, you will be notified about your mail contacts with YouTube accounts, and given the option of subscribing to them or not. A wide variety of companies may benefit from this website since it has provisions for users to upload advertisements. The level of suitability varies with every organization depending on their operations. Media houses, publicity agencies, recording studios, politicians, and celebrity figures in the society are best placed to enjoy and fully utilize the provisions of this website. The ability to upload information allows them to communicate quickly and efficiently with their target audience. They also have the option of uploading universal resource locator (URL) links, to direct their audience to other websites (Qualman, 45). This website is superior to other social networking sites because it is tailor-made to handle large data volumes. This website is different from other networking sites since it allows one the luxury of reaching an unlimited audience with a single post (Fahs, 179). In most social sites, other users have to be in your network of friends or fans before gaining access to your feeds. YouTube simultaneously relays information directly to those in your network and to those who are not, by displaying links on their home page (Qualman, 46). A search box is also available for different users to interrogate the database for any information they require. Organizations, doing formal business may be slightly disadvantaged if they rely solely on YouTube to propagate their ideas. This happens because most of the messages and videos uploaded here are social. A large majority of users are relatively young, hence may tend to get distracted with material on entertainment. To use this site for business, respective organizations need to rethink their branding and advertising strategies. It is will be necessary for their message to appeal to the young generation. Endorsements by popular celebrities or sportsmen may be handy for them. I would give YouTube a rating of 4 out of 5. This is so because they have failed to guarantee total user data security. Cases have been reported of user accounts being hacked into (Qualman, 49). This portends real threats to user security and the integrity of the data they post. It would be to their advantage if they found methods of improving the privacy of the data their subscriber’s relay. This network is recommended for business because it has proved to be reliable both for advertising and vending incase of
Introduction This essay is based on the study that was conducted by Michael Heinze, Wolfgang Brandt, and Werner Roos, titled ‘“Self” and “Non-Self” in the Control of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis: Plant Phospholipases A2 with Alkaloid-Specific Molecular Fingerprints’. It utilized the cultures of two plants; the Californian poppy and the rosy periwinkle. The Californian poppy is an Angiosperm from the order Ranunculales , family Papaveraceae , genus Eschscholzia and species California . Its binomial name is Eschscholzia California . The rosy periwinkle is classified in the Gentianales order, family of Apocynaceae , Catharanthus genus, and rose species. It goes by the binomial name of Catharanthus roseus. Main Body The golden poppy is native to California, U.S.A, and Mexico. It prominently grows in the Antelope Valley in Los Angeles, Oregon, Nevada, and Sonora. The plant flowers in February and September, and is distinguished by its yellow or orange four-petaled solitary flowers on long stems. The rosy periwinkle is an evergreen, oval leaved, herbaceous plant with pale pink-red cultivar centered flowers. It is currently classified as an endangered species and is grown in temperate climes. The article is based on a study of the control of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis on Plant Phospholipases. The cultures are subjected to biosynthetic enzymes so as to study their rate of metabolite production and plant defense genes(Heinze, Brandt, Marillonnet, and Roos 448). The sampling was conducted via Benzophenanthridies RNA interference silencing so as to decrease the levels of PLA2 genes. Several transformed clones were used to characterize two cell strains which presented a strong PLA2 depression and high mRNA levels (Heinze, Brandt, Marillonnet, and Roos 459). One of the experiments observed the inhibition of PLA2 by Benzophenanthridies and MIAs in the plasma membranes of the California poppy and the rosy periwinkle. Plasma membranes are isolated from both plants and a variety of alkaloids were added. After ten minutes, the substrate was added to increase the final concentration to 10 μM. The cell samples PLA2 activities were kept constant as in the absence of the alkaloid set at 100%. The results indicated a significant alkaloid activity. The experiment was then repeated with other batches of the plants’ cultures. The results that were yielded were similar. The experiment supported the overall thesis; the alkaloids reduced the levels of enzyme production in both plant cultures (Heinze, Brandt, Marillonnet, and Roos 456). Conclusion The results established that alkaloid phytoalexins drastically reduced the production of defensive genes of the plant cultures. Due to the unique property of the plants’ plasma PLA2 membrane, the cultures are sensitive to the self-made alkaloids. The cultures are therefore protected from cell intoxication due to the overproduction of the alkaloids. The PLA2 aspect is singled out as a key element between the transfer of the signals between the elicitor and biosynthetic enzyme conductor. This effectively blocks the transfer of signals prompted by the signal elicitors, in l
In a coherent society, humanity lives not according to the laws of nature but according to the laws, which society and social code dictate to people. Having decided the question of survival, humanity can afford its living taking into account the feelings and emotions of individuals and not caring about the best ways of growing in number. That is why in the majority of states relationships are now being built based on the principles of faith and devotion. Men and women chose one partner and tried to do their best to preserve and save this bond, guarantee its stable development and prosperity. The idea of fidelity is widely accepted in society and a persons devotion to his/her partner is praised and encouraged. However, there are still states, in which men have the right to have several partners at the same time. It is explained by religious aspects and by polygamous nature of a man. Being responsible for the continuation of mankind, a man should have as many partners as it is possible to guarantee the prosperity of humanity. Being rather popular at different periods of our history, polygamous and monogamous relations have their advantages and disadvantages. However, being widely spread nowadays, monogamy needs further analysis. Nowadays, monogamy is determined as a marriage or relations with only one person at a time (DeLecce para. 1). This sort of relations is considered to be the only legal type of bond in the majority of states all over the world. However, there were times when people considered monogamy to be wrong and unacceptable. Archeologists and paleontologists often find some evidence which prove that in ancestral times, people practiced polygamy as it was the best way to guarantee their survival. Usually, the strongest men had the right to have several wives. It was a beneficial practice from evolution as the best man could give his qualities to descendants. However, in the process of its development, humanity changed the model of its behavior and started practicing monogamy. This shift was influenced by several factors. One of the most important was the religious aspect. Christian church became more influential and powerful, and it promoted the development of monogamous relations, strictly forbidding relations with several women at one time. However, being in a marriage with one woman, a man still practiced relations with another. The change in consciousness of people came with the development of complicated and democratic societies, where the moral became powerful enough to influence the choice and behavior of men. Having chosen a monogamous type of relations, humanity gained some obvious advantages. The first one is more stable and clear relationships within the married cou
Sweet Bits Branding Strategy Because of the increased competition on the market of chocolate products, the Sweet Bits Company (SBC) should develop a unique brand strategy for its products that will set it apart from the competitors. To set the brand apart from the competitors the company should put focus on the high quality of the product rather than the quantity of its production. SBC should be a brand associated with the chocolate of extremely high quality with an appealing but simple aesthetic, the logo should be simple but recognizable – a combination of clear font and contrasting colors of white and orange. The slogan is also of high importance in the branding strategy, so the proposed slogan is “The Sweet Bits Company – We only make quality”. One of the most potentially successful brand extensions for the company is the own ice cream made with high-quality dark chocolate. Marketing Strategy The Sweet Bits Company chocolate bars will be available in a large variety of flavors and types with the use of high-quality cocoa ethically harvested in countries like Columbia and Ecuador. The unique technique used in the production of the chocolate will make the taste exceptional from the regular chocolate bars from the supermarket. The trend for organic ethically grown and harvested products will be popular among the ‘millennials’ demographic that regularly visits coffee shops and brasseries. The Sweet Bits Company should look into selling its chocolate bars in such ‘trendy’ places. Also, because the target demographic includes people that use social media every ten minutes of their lives, a bulk of Sweet Bits chocolate advertisements should be placed on social media rather than on TV or billboards. The strategies such as interest targeting, custom targeting, and connection targeting can become instrumental in expanding the presence of the brand online (Ganguly, 2015, para. 8). The most appropriate timetable for plan implementation should be four months so that the chocolate bars will be sold at many coffee shops by the Christmas season. Two months is a period that will take the management to develop all necessary branding components such as logo, slogan, the design of the chocolate bar wrapper. It will take a couple of months to effectively spread awareness of the brand online. By cooperating with bloggers, photographers, models, and other Internet personalities the product will gain much more attention from the target audience. Sweet Bits Brand Positioning Statement and Perceptual Map A brand positioning statement for the Sweet Bits Company chocolate bars should represent what the brand envisions its product to be for the target audience (Humphreys, 2015, para. 1). Therefore, the positioning statement will include the target segment, the frame of reference, the benefits promise, and the reasons to believe the promise Target segment: the connoisseur
Nowadays, borders between countries are becoming more transparent, and people have opportunities to go from their states to other states all over the world. They can use available options for different purposes, and one of them is to study overseas. People select overseas education for many reasons, including the higher quality of knowledge in comparison with their native countries, the ability to study foreign languages better, or the ability to emigrate after graduation. It is essential to mention that studying abroad may provide both benefits and pitfalls. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most common benefits and drawbacks, as well as overall outcomes that are related to studying abroad and to recommend the ways to handle the drawbacks. Studying overseas means that students go to study in other countries outside their native states. Education abroad is usually associated with various benefits and potential problems. Students should use potential benefits and try to avoid drawbacks if they select to study abroad. Studying in foreign states provides different benefits, and the most important ones will be mentioned. Firstly, studying abroad can give knowledge and skills that cannot be learned in the home country. Secondly, after graduation, students can get well-paid and prestigious professions. It is essential for people living in developing countries where specialists who graduated from foreign educational institutions are highly valued. Thirdly, people who studied overseas often stimulate their relatives and friends to do the same and to improve levels of their lives (Velliaris and Coleman-George 168). Finally, according to Tarrant et al., “studying abroad is associated with promoting at least four of the six GPI domains” (78). Thus, the general quality of the populations’ education in a particular state increases together with socio-economic indicators. In addition to providing advantages, education in foreign states is associated with some issues. Firstly, in some countries, there may exist governmental or legal restrictions for students who want to go to other states for educational purposes (Ziguras and Grant McBurnie 51). Secondly, according to Alghamdi and Otte, “for the majority of international students, language difficulties seem to be the most challenging issue” (18). In order to handle regulation issues, potential students can be recommended to study all limits and state regulations of foreign education in advance. If possible, they should get advice from people who already have experience of studying in the same country. To handle language issues, it is necessary to consider the necessary language at least on the intermediate level before going to a host country. The possible outcomes of overseas education can be various depending on an individual’s efforts during studying in a foreign country. In case of successful graduation, one can get a well-paid job in a nativ