ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Richard Wright in his story, Long Black Song , illustrates how a white phonograph sales representative seduces a black woman, Sarah. While her husband, Silas, a farmer, is off in the fields. On returning from duty, he discovers Sara’s infidelity, and this infuriates him. It is a narrative told from Sara’s point of view, which serves as a reminder that her sexual abuse by white men on black women is condoned in white society. The revelation that, as Silas continues to gain on his property, he is losing on his wife. Ironically, his wife’s infidelity serves to the realization of what is, his most prized property leading him to swear to combat racism to the end. In Like a Winding Sheet , by Ann Petry, the struggles of a poor, black couple living in “Ghetto” is rendered. In both stories, the black men illustrate anger in a form of violence on their wives, although their main source of anger is different. In Like a Winding Sheet , everyday routine of Johnson, a black male struggling with racism and social pressure, causes anger and frustration to build up inside him (Petry, 16). Race and cultural superiority have contributed to a larger extend in shaping the aspect of gender identity in the two novels. Hence, a white believes, to assert more control and influence over the other races and gender. On the other hand, a black man embraces the mindset of being superior to the woman. Thematic concerns Wright and Petry, in an attempt to integrate the African American experience, values and their black background, their work is crafted in several thematic issues that recur in their writing. These include racism and intolerance, class, gender, violence, and sexuality intersects with social pressure. However, use of basic elements like the plot, characters, the mythic structure, and setting is similar in many ways there are differences in the way the two writers respond to issues of gender identity in their respective writings. In Petry’s story Johnson, a black male, struggles with societal pressures and racism. Wright indicates the many challenges Silas is facing having to take up his family only to return and find his wife cheated on him with the white sales representative (36). Both highlight the class difference between the middle-class whites against the working class mainly composed of blacks. Sexual assault is condoned on black women by the white men. Violence is a recurring problem as Silas in Wright’s story vows to die fighting against racism. Again, we see Johnson brutally beating his wife to death. Petry’s story illustrates the weakness of gender superiority complex and explores how the phenomenon sways the perception of gender identity in our society. Structure and style of writing Their system is similar in that they begin with a happy tone in Like A
Introduction In order to provide a successful work of the project team, and successful outcomes of the project, it is necessary to ensure the collaboration of the all members of the team and make sure that responsibilities, reward and charges are distributed. It is also important that the “key participants” of the project (designer, builder and owner) to be early involved and well aware of their responsibilities. As well as the members of the project team shared the risk and reward structure during the building construction process (Cohen, 2010). In order to ensure the implementation of the conditions mentioned earlier, an integrated project delivery should be introduces into the project. A vision statement of the team project The main purpose of this project is to ensure quality and smooth work of the team. We are focused on the new comprehensive process of the work that ensures collaboration of all members of the projects. One of our purposes (to improve the work of the team) is to step outside the boundaries of traditional project management and provide work roles distribution between owners, architects, designers and builders. We also focus on a new application of the design algorithm. Each member of the team should be involved into a decision making process, as well as feel free to communicate personal ideas to other members of the team. Free, open and direct communication among the participants of the project is one of the keys to success. Phil Bernstein project management During the KlingStubbins & Tocci Building Companies project Phil Bernstein implemented new strategies of the project team management. The project was based on the Integrated Project Delivery and BIM-enabled approach, “A key feature of IPD is early and ongoing collaboration by everyone on the extended design team—both in person and by using the digital model” (“KlingStubbins”, 2011, n. p). Phil Bernstein, Autodesk’s vice president of building industry strategy and relations did this to foster higher levels of performance. The main principles of the new approach were:  1. Early involvement of the “key participants”.  2. Share of the “risk and rewards” between all participants of the project.  3. Distribution of the project management.  4. No litigations. As Scott Simpson, principal and senior director at KlingStubbins, says: Our firms are very savvy about BIM. Because we both have a lot of experience with it, we were able to approach Autodesk with a common strategy for the project. Once the project began, the two firms invite
Introduction This essay critically assesses and analyses a Flash multimedia project by drawing on some distinguishing features based on Flash Project site at The Planet Zero. The essay also demonstrates principles and theories of multimedia that apply in this project. The core idea of the project The Planet Zero Project emphasises zero emission of greenhouse gases from motor vehicles. The project aims at eliminating carbon dioxide emission by building zero emission vehicles. This is the idea Nissan expresses in the project by emphasising on Eco-friendly cars. The project encourages the use of electric cars because such cars are Eco-friendly. The project idea emanated from effects of global warming and depletion of energy sources. The company highlights the use of other sources of energy like wind and sun. The project symbolises an approach to preserve the future by adopting electric vehicles, which are friendly to the environment. The approach to interaction design According to Eccher, one of the most important design spectrum based on the usability philosophy is the multimedia philosophy (Eccher, 2011). In this case, the designer uses animation, audio, and video so that he can develop several interactive features. From the project, we can see how the designer captures this principle by using animations that move from one place to another as the site plays background beats. The first part of the site demonstrates effects of global warming as ice melts. This is an example of a Flash site developed by Adobe’s Flash animation software. Based on the development of the Internet, Flash animation has played a dominant role in this project. The project relies on Macromedia Flash in order to design creative menus. The Flash allows animation as wells as the audio whenever users set animation in motion. The project also does not experience problems associated with failures of Flash plug-ins. In fact, Nielsen argues that the presence of Flash on “a Web site constitutes a usability disease” (Nielsen, 2000). This is because of difficulties in getting suitable Flash designs in Web sites. He argues that Flash can degrade Web sites based on three areas. It allows users to “abuse the design principles, it breaks with the Web’s fundamental interaction princi
Introduction At the beginning of the 21st century, potato growers in the US were in severe conditions due to low prices for potato. Such a situation happened because of the reduced demand for potato, which mainly resulted from moderate consumption of carbohydrates dictated by the “Atkins Diet” (Thompson, 2005, p. 5). The other factors, such as low demand for French fries, also took place. Keeping in mind the mentioned conditions and the grower’s idea that potato buyers were price elastic to the production, the decision to lower costs to make consumers buy more could lead to reduced profits. It was so – the producers failed to overcome the business hardships as they did not take into account the fact that the potato market was perfectly competitive. A firm in a perfectly competitive market takes the price of its products as a given, independent of the volume of products it sells. However, due to any cost exceeding the given one even by a small amount, the volume of demand is 0 (Webster, 2014). The company will lose its customers if it tries to raise the price. Therefore, when choosing the size of output that ensures maximum profit, the company should consider its production as a constant value. It should also be mentioned that the US started to import more, which led to the closing of the most productive potato plant located in Idaho. Thus, in 2004, the potato growers had to do something to improve the situation, and they decided to establish a cooperative that is called United Potato Growers of America (UPGA) (Thompson, 2005). It was done in order to keep prices high enough and increase income. However, the members preferred to act independently and established no governing board. Nowadays, the growers have understood the appropriacy of the collective approach and have the opportunity to verify quotas and control supply, which leads to a favorable business environment. Response to “Yummy Potatoes” The fact that potato is a trendy vegetable for consum
This study looks at the operations strategy from two perspectives. That is from the viewpoint of organizational capabilities, resources, and competencies, and the market perspective. Initially, decision-making was based on resources. However, the marketplace is more volatile and competitive hence the market-driven perspective. Lowson (2003) acknowledges that an operations strategy is a relatively new discipline. Although both perspectives may serve the overall strategy of an organization, Lowson (2003) says that blending both to form a taxonomical cluster may increase competitiveness and help in defining an organization. Lowson (2003) looks at the two perspectives historically. The study acknowledges that the type of operations strategy depends on a particular industry and varies from firm to firm. It also reflects core capabilities and tends to be time-bound (long term, medium term, etc). The study is critical in forming a breakdown of the operations strategy to make sure that there is no misrepresentation of clarity between operations strategy and popular operational solutions such as logistics strategy. He says that strategy is hierarchical. At the peak is the organizational strategy and at the bottom is the species. Operations strategy is a building block composed of a class (a grouping of organisms), subclass (a narrower operations strategy), order taxonomies, genus taxonomies, and finally species (individuals with common characteristics e.g. technologies). These form the Operations Strategy Composition Matrix (OSCM). Lowson identifies with the change in demand patterns, personalization, and customization levels compared with the past. He says that these changes have informed needs for lean production, flexible workforce, agility, and flexibility in production. Against this backdrop, an organization needs to formulate a strategy. He offers customization of operations strategy formulation by blending resources and market demands. In conclusion, Lowson shows that decisions that form operations strategy are customized to certain environmental forces. In decision making perspectives are drawn from the customer, product uniqueness, and services. However, there is a lacuna in Lowson’s research. Lowson tends to rationalize decision-making without putting into consideration the external and internal forces that may dictate the use of particular decisional elements. There can be a relationship between certain elements eliminating the need
Introduction In 1920s, a wave of socioeconomic transformation was evident in America. The advancement in social history during this time remains notable. American political history has continuously changed over years. Such changes have occurred due to varying government policies. For instance, the democrats dominated the authority from 1800 to 1860. It is evident that the concerned trends shifted in 1860s. This period marked the rule of Lincoln. In the successive period, GOP ruled the nation. This was predominant up to 1932. Their vote out and consequent lose of power in 1932 was due to the “Great Depression.” The voters widely blamed them for the creation of the great depression. The consequent periods of 1932 to 1980 was largely dominated by the Democrats. However, this pattern shifted to the Republican. From the 1980, with Reagan as the president, the GOP assumed authority. This is a critical provision when considered historically. It is evident that there were several changes in America’s sociopolitical and economic spheres during these periods. This paper discusses some of the eminent socioeconomic as well as political transformations that occurred in the U.S. from 1920-1945. The 1920’s Boom and Bust This period indicates the time when the Republicans were in authority. Up to 1932, Republicans dominated the entire US with policies that potentially favored capitalists. During this time, there were several nicknames that arose. For instance, “Roaring Twenties” has been used for several years. Basically, it expresses excitement and transformations within social structures that transpired during the period. There were several adjustments that occurred during this period. These were notable within the social settings, the economy and the political spheres. The lives of most Americans were greatly affected by the policies that Republican authority used in managing the economy. Notably, the boom in the American economy during this period had potential implications. For instance, it led to the increase in wages for many citizens. Observably, there was also a general fall in the prices for basic commodities. The ultimate result was a general rise in the living standards. There were high trends notable on the living standards. Apart from this, a dramatic rise in the level of consumer consumption was also realized within the entire economy. In this period, the issue of femininity also gained momentum. The labor-saving domestic appliances did not significantly transform the lives of many women. They also had limited voting rights. However, the youthful American women began transforming their lifestyle. They changed their dressing patterns, perceptions and also acted in a strange manner. Most traditional parents remained shocked at this dramatic change. It is imperative to indicate the potential role of the general mass media in motivating these changes during this period. The mass media during this time mainly comprised of the radio as well as the motion pictures. Indicatively, manufacturers invested approximately $5.3 billion yearly. There was a significant
Introduction In many ways, University presents a most vital rite of passage for the child metamorphosing to an adult. Intellectual challenge and growth are leagues beyond what is available at A-levels. College-age youth must master the difficult skills of self-directed study and pursuit of answers in a wide range of intellectual disciplines. For the first time, the student is fully aware that there are no pat answers, only plentiful theories and viewpoints on truth. On the emotional side of things, youth in University may have already surmounted the obsessions and anxieties of pre-pubescence and early adolescence. However, the placid maturity of adulthood is still elusive. Away from home and, if not, permitted much more leeway by parents and guardians, older adolescents and youth confront new peer pressures to indulge in drink, smoking, illegal drugs and premarital sex. Consequently, there are more setbacks than hard-won achievements, emotional stress mounts higher, and students flail about unaided for coping strategies. There is no lack of literature on adult emotional coping and the troublesome adjustments so characteristic of early adolescence. On the other hand, Watson (12-14) asserts, material about adolescent coping is relatively sparse (1). Definitions In principle, “emotional regulation” should be clear cut but definitions vary (Macklem 2) (2). Some regard emotion regulation as a trait that manifests from day to day; other theorists consign emotion regulation to a stage in personal development. For still other researchers, the ambiguity stems from the apparent difficulty of distinguishing emotion from emotional regulation. Thus, emotion is commonly recognised as one category of affect, the term psychology applies to all non-rational and feeling states (Kring 22-40) (3). Beyond this point, any semblance of construct consensus vanishes. Izard (64), Walden and Smith (11-14) content themselves with describing emotions a
Introduction Classification is the grouping of organisms in predefined taxonomic groups based on the degree of similarity or difference between them. The classification is based on observable morphological features. The basic unit of classification is the species, and it consists of organisms that resemble each other in all biological and observable characteristics, and their similarity is marked by their ability to mate and produce viable offspring. The Study of evolution has always fascinated man and this is manifested by the deep study of anthropology and history. Hominids were a central part of humans and a study on them must be conducted. Krings, et al (21) tell us that classification utilizes two names to identify a particular species. These are the species and the genus name. The human being is classified as Homo sapiens , the Homo being the genus and the sapiens being the species. Other animals which are quite similar to humans but cannot reproduce and produce viable offspring with the human belong to the genus Homo . Most of the animals that shared this genus with human beings are morphologically extinct, and they were learned of through excavation and examination of their fossils. The last surviving relative of the human being in this genus was the Homo neanderthalensis , but according to the theory of human evolution, it became extinct some 24,000 years ago. A hominid is an organism that shares the genus Homo with the human being. According to the theory of evolution, the current species of humans, the Homo sapiens, has been in solitary existence as the only member of the genus Homo for the past 25,000 years. The three main concepts that guided western thoughts about humanity’s place in nature, nature, and the nature of the earth itself before Darwin include the concept of the genus, the concept of catastrophism, and the concept of uniformitarianism. The concept of genus implied that human beings were indeed part and parcel of nature just like plants and other animals. From this concept, early western thoughts revolved around the explanation of nature by implying that nature was not fixed in its form because organisms changed over time (The Hobbit Debate Continues). The catastrophism concept implied that the earth itself was shaped by catastrophes such as floods and earthquakes which brought about rapid mountain formation. The uniformitarianism concept or theory sought to explain the nature of the earth itself by implying that the earth’s surface was shaped by natural forces. An example of a pre-Darwinian explanation of the natural world is that life and the earth were created by God who formed a continuous and infinite form of life from simplest to the most intricate. Hence, the pre-Darwinian explanation of the natural world describes animals and plants as they are and not the process that resulted in their present form. Another example of a pre-Darwinian explanation of the natural world is that the earth was created between 4000 B.C to 6000 BC (Krings 34). Darwinian explanations However, we know that these explanations were incorrect today because the Darwinian explanations of
The aim of the proposed database is to attain the significant improvement of the efficiency of the healthcare sector and contribute to the reconsideration of the existing approach towards the data collection and cooperation with patients. For this reason, it is crucial to explain to the patients what sort of data they are expected to present for the personnel to be able to process it and to make a certain conclusion. Additionally, the staff should also be taught how to work with the given database. Therefore, using the information presented in the database the members of the personnel will compile various reports or plans related to the state of the patient and the procedures prescribed to him/her. The data could imply some personal preferences, the information about the previous procedures, some past prescriptions, allergic reactions to various medicines, and a great number of other information crucial for the efficient recovery process. Additionally, the designed database will help to apply the newest changes to the recovery plan and provide the members of the staff with the new information about them. This data might evidence the efficiency of the cooperation between all members of the staff and the application of the new data. Therefore, the easiness of the access to the information might also prove the success of the implementation of the new database. For instance, the timely data about the negative patients response to the previous treatment obtained with the help of the database might help to avoid the unnecessary and dangerous complications. Resting on the information provided by the given system, the members of the staff might generate a number of various reports depending on the existing needs. First, they could describe the current state of a patient and the efficiency of the procedures used to contribute to the faster recovery. Additionally, the system could also be used to collect the information needed for the qualitative analysis of the level of performance of the given establishment to determine the areas of weakness and strengths and initiate the change process (Cardon, n.d.). Furthermore, if to implement the given database to many medical establishments across the country, it might help to align the efficient data collection to obtain the clear vision of the situation in the healthcare sector and consider the efficiency of the existing approach to its management. Finally, the database could be used to create the reports related to the efficiency of some medicines and procedures, complications triggered by them, and their impact on the state of a person. Resting on the number of advantages resulting from the given database, the possibility of its implementation into the functioning of various medical establishments could be taken as ra
Study Design For this qualitative study, the study design was to establish the impacts of cultural factors on Saudi students’ approach to managing stress during their study in Australia. The researcher should consider and understand the unique features of the research subject, its setting and develop response methodologies to encounter the problems (Creswell 2009, p. 39). Therefore, the researcher used ethnography as the design in conducting the study. Participants and Sampling Participants In this research, five Saudi students at the University will be interviewed for the study to represent the population being studied. In addition, the study will ensure anonymity and confidentiality of the participants for their input in the research. The participants will also be assured of the freedom to withdraw from the study whenever they feel to pull out. Moreover, the participants would be accessed at the University through a written request to take part in the study. Convenience and purposive sampling were used to make the qualitative research objective in nature, and its outcome dependable (Grbich 2007, p. 17). The researcher has contacted the prospective respondents, and five have been selected for interview. They will be interviewed on the impacts of cultural factors on S