ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Book description “Our Global Neighborhood” by the Commission on Global Governance majorly focuses on the interdependence aspect that creates sharing and partnership qualities. It ensures communal progression resulting in a neighborhood that concerns the others’ welfare. Furthermore, the analysis of the United Nation’s recommendations to accomplish global Governance encompassing security measures, political objectives, and economic policies is provided (Commission on Global Governance [CGG], 1995). The book’s overall perspective lies in the technological advancement and interconnection that makes the world a small village. Improvement in infrastructure and transportation means have eased traveling from one point to the other. Notably, the communication advancements include images in the contemporary world, unlike the previous days that only entailed voices. This advancement provides instant communication across the globe. Travel and communication break the physical distance bringing people together. The global neighborhood also ensures interdependence through cooperation that provides international peace and trade expansion. Other issues that require cooperation include checking on the spreading of nuclear weapons, preserving biodiversity, preventing desert expansion, deterring terrorism, and warding off economic depression (CGG, 1995). The global neighborhood entails significant values that are key in the maintenance and running of the public and world affairs, such as the individual countries’ political economy and the world’s security concerns. These values include generosity, justice, determination, tolerance, kindness, and reliability, among others. They are essential in solving the emerging world challenges, while some situations require the consideration of new values. The book’s main idea is to learn the neighborhood values that compel individuals to adopt a caring attitude. The focus should be put on this attitude since it encompasses neighborhood value and well-being. Critique of the Book The book involves the call for United Nations’ reformation since the Second World War elapsed. Additionally, the current globalization in the 21st century requires new conduct codes that align with the emerg
Market Analysis The market for vegan hot dogs is a constantly growing market because the younger layer of the population is becoming more adherent to non-meat or vegan food sources. Therefore, the overall demographics and segmentation will mostly involve young vegan adults, but there is also a small proportion of older generations who are long-time vegans. Market Size Market size is a challenging concept to calculate due to the lack of available information. However, it can be estimated for the potential revenue available in the market by adding estimated starting hot dogs for a projected five years and multiplying the number to the average price. Thus, 57,507,270 * 10$ = 575,072,700$ is a maximum market size for vegan hot dogs. Competition The main competitors are Qdoba and Twisted Foods, which serve Mexican grill and prepared meals, respectively. They also cater to their customers in order to appeal to them because the events are highly crowded, and catering poses a challenge for visitors. In addition, Pizza Hut and Burger King can act as indirect competition due to they sell fast food, which can be carried to sports events. The primary advantage of our company is that we offer a cheaper and healthier alternative compared to our direct competitors. In regards to big and indirect competitors, we solely serve vegan food, which makes it more appealing to our target customers. Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy will be focused on putting an on-site poster, where the key information will be given about vegan hot dogs. By appealing to healthier and non-meat sources of food, we will be able to attract customers to the events directly. The main reason is that many vegans will pass the meat serving stands and go directly to vegan-only ones, which is us. Later social media advertising will be an effective tool to promote our company by gathering loyal vegan followers and expanding the business on sports event pages. Primary Target Market The primary target market is vegan individuals who do not consume any animal products. They are most likely going to be younge
Many Americans are still talking about the American Dream. Nonetheless, it becomes apparent that the American Dream is not available for everyone. The DREAM Act is the document which can make people believe that the American Dream is still a reality. The DREAM Act enables young people whose status prevents them from enjoying benefits of a democratic society to acquire higher education. This Act gives a status of permanent residents to those who apply for higher education or military service. These people will be able to obtain a status of a permanent resident for six years. When this term is over, the young people will need to prove they used the time properly by providing a document about their academic or military achievements. Admittedly, as any act the present document has its opponents and proponents (Fox, 2012). Those who oppose the act claim that the enactment of the law can lead to various economic issues caused by increased immigration rates (Sneed, 2012). Some officials state that many Americans can lose their jobs and young residents can fail to gain higher education because of young immigrants. Some note that “the last thing legal, tax-paying American citizens need is to see their hard-earned money used to finance the education of illegal aliens” (as cited in Barron, 2011, p. 644). However, these arguments are quite tenuous as no sound facts have been provided to support these opinions. On the contrary, arguments in favor of this act are quite reasonable. Therefore, the US Congress should pass the DREAM Act. First of all, it is important to admit that the DREAM Act addresses the needs of Americans who are especially vulnerable. Of course, these young people have a humiliating status of illegal immigrants. However, they are already Americans in their hearts and in their minds. The Act applies to young people who have been living in the USA for at least five years (Bruno, 2010). This time is enough to make a child grasp the major values of the new land. In many cases, immigrants bring their little children with them. Basically, these children do not know other culture than the American culture. In his speech Obama noted that these young people “are Americans in their hearts, in their minds and in every other way but one, on paper” (Peltier, 2012, n.p.). The US President does have a point, as young people are
Human well-being remains an urgent topic for discussion around the whole globe. Millions of people develop their ideas on how to improve human health, what services to be offered, how to increase the staff, and when to promote training. Many other questions deserve attention, and one of the leading worldwide programs is known as the Healthy People Initiative. The first goal of Healthy People has introduced about 40 years ago. Experts call it “the leading disease prevention and health promotion roadmap for the nation” (Pahigiannis et al., 2019, p. 1957). Some people still question the worthiness of the Healthy People Initiative, and their doubts are usually based on the lack of knowledge or the absence of necessary information. This paper aims to discuss the main historical aspects of the program, its objectives, and lessons that have been obtained during the last several decades of its existence. Being one of the best achievements by the American Government, Healthy People Initiative 2020 continues to ensure people’s healthy living through the establishment of clear goals and missions and disease prevention and control in different areas. History Healthy People 2020 is a program with a 4-decade history. At this moment, there are five legally approved editions of the initiative within a regular 10-year period. Each time, certain improvements were discovered to strengthen the chosen positions and make sure the system works. The first attempt to introduce a national public health agenda was made in 1979 (Healthy People, n.d.a). It included five main goals and more than 200 supportive purposes in such fields as childhood infectious diseases or injury prevention. By the end of the decade, not all objectives were successfully met, and another program was developed in 1990. The decision to focus on particular groups of patients, roles of citizens, and stages of diseases was made. American society is known for its controversial issues and debates in the fields of racial and social relations. Therefore, the development of healthcare services and the promotion of health also depend on the same factors, and Healthy People is one of the best examples of their implementation. Every new period of the program introduced additional ideas on how to promote American well-being based on available human and physical resources. A similar task was properly set for the year 2000. At the beginning of the 21st century, Healthy People gained better recognition, and its contributions were recognized around the globe. There were three initial objectives, including the increase in the span of a healthy life, the reduction of health disparities, the achievement of access to preventive services among Americans (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001). To make sure the goals were SMART (specific, measurable, assignable, relevant, and time-based), specific monitoring programs were established. For example, life expectancy at birth or the expected years of healthy/unhealthy lif
Introduction Today, recovering a business from a disaster is a common phenomenon. For many years, it has been a long and risky procedure for the overall business practice unless one used the business continuity arrangements to get extra information for carrying on the disaster recovery process. According to Helies (150), sections of business continuity plan have basis upon exposure, economical ability and availability of resources. The new trend most companies are adopting entails outsourcing the disaster recovery teams. This is an optimal procedure but economically impossible. It is important for a business to have some backup procedures of storing information and other important assets. This is the reason businesses are considering the standard procedure of incorporating the continuity plans or disaster recovery plans as necessary tools for backing-up management procedures and allowing business policies, which authorize a firms’ compliance. Effective business continuity plan entails management sponsorship and, compliance with polices and procedures. The process is mainly dependent of corporate senior management in a firm. The complexity of businesses as highlighted by the human errors involves compliance measures to determine the critical need for the firm and the vulnerability to malfunctions, which the business services are susceptible Helies (150). Business continuity plan focuses upon impact and risk analysis of a business. The planner must identify the mission critical to the business services in the aim of recovering them in the event of failure. This means that continuity planning in business is a direct contribution to business’s disaster recovery plan. The business continuity plan therefore requires support from all the firm’s departments where incorporation of policies occurs as part of standard operating procedures, to measure the competencies of these functional areas. Components of the BCP Business Continuity Plan
The general timeline of American colonization, which was sustained by England, encircles the timeline from the 15 th to the 18 th century. The Virginian colonization, which was launched in the 17 th century, gave rise to slavery and developed the conception of race as a discriminative feature. The sign of race separation emerged in the last decades of the 17 th century and stemmed from a range of laws that condemned legal links between “white” and “black” citizens. The incorporation of race-based signs, which prioritized some races over the others, in the community life was a result of the wide range of historical events. In this essay, it is argued that the conception of race predetermined the evolvement of slavery, which was provoked by the extensive colonization of America and Britain that required an employment of free labor. The demarcation of race signs, in the colonized America, is tightly connected with the notions of freedom and slavery. The starting point for slavery introduction was launched in the times when the Virginian economy started its development. Thus, in the 1620s, the colonists have first started an extensive cultivation of tobacco, which was imported by the Danes.¹ Tobacco business quickly became successful, which showed the Virginians that the product would bring them immediate enrichment. The plan of planting tobacco in the colonized countries was hindered by the threatening environment, which was created by natives. Moreover, the situation was aggravated by a serious lack of high-quality labor resources. The savior came with the extensive arrival of the African population in Virginia. The settlers were persuaded that the representatives of colored society possessed excellent health and physical abilities, which would enhance the chances for a safe tobacco cultivation. Indeed, the promises of successful economy development increased with the arrival of Africans, who could manage plantation work quite quickly. Nevertheless, the accommodation of African citizens did not go well for the settlers since, shortly after the immigration, the colored workers started building resistance alliances with the native population. Despite African immigrants were supposed to serve to the Virginia government, at the beginning of the 17 th century there were no legal grounds, which would allow keeping Africans from struggling for their freedom. Therefore, the government of the colonized territories started passing law documents, which, in fact, legalized slavery. At this time, one can trace the first signs of race discrimination in America. Indeed, i
Introduction Crime reduction is a process that requires researchers to analyze ways in which particular actions can be disrupted or prevented from happening. To understand why crimes occur, scientists apply various theories that propose the factors contributing to deviant behavior. One of these approaches is the routine activities theory (RAT), introduced by Felson and Cohen in the 1970s. According to this theory, three major components contribute to any crime, including an offender, a target, and the absence of a guardian (Cohen and Felson 588). The authors imply that when an offender meets a potential target at a place and time where a person in a role of a capable guardian is not present, crime is likely to occur. This theory became widely used in criminology since it differed from other strategies that relied on offenders’ socioeconomic background and other personal characteristics. However, the question of the theory’s reliability remains open since people’s environments change continuously. One may look at the research of “traditional” crimes such as burglary and see how place-time ideology of the RAT applies to such situations. At the same time, a multitude of modern studies aims to apply the theory to crimes that have appeared somewhat recently. For instance, many researchers are now interested in how Felson and Cohen’s framework can be used to analyze and possibly prevent cybercrimes. This report examines criminological studies that use the routine activities theory for different types of offenses in order to see how useful this framework can be for contemporary conditions. Research In investigating the effectiveness of the routine activities theory (RAT), one may start with a study that considers crimes that require a physical presence of a criminal and victim in one location. The approach was designed to discuss offenses that happened when the people involved in the incident met in certain circumstances (Cohen and Felson 589). Breetzke and Cohn, for instance, apply the theory to burglaries in the gated communities of South Africa which became popular in the region due to the rising rates of violence and crime (56). The authors aim to find whether gating an area is effective in crime prevention. Their idea may be interpreted through the lens of the RAT since the effect of restricting access to a territory reduces the possibility of likely offenders entering a region with likely victims. According to Breetzke and Cohn, this approach to crime prevention is becoming widely used not only in South Africa but other areas such as the United States and the United Kingdom as well (57). Therefore, the findings of this study are not unique to one location. By analyzing crime data from the communities of South Africa, the authors come to several conclusions. First of all, Breetzke and
Introduction Lung cancer is one of the most common types of disease in the world. In the US alone, over 541,000 patients have been diagnosed with lung cancer (Torre, Siegel, & Jemal, 2016). This mirrors the situation in the world, where about 2.3 million new cases are developed each year, while patient deaths from the disease amount to 2.0 million (Torre et al., 2016). Lung carcinoma presents itself as a malignant tumor in the lungs, which causes uncontrolled cell growth and metastasis in the area around it, before spreading to other areas of the body (Torre et al., 2016). The development of the disease is strongly associated with a predisposition towards lung afflictions caused by smoking, hazardous breathing environments, and pollution (Torre et al., 2016). The purpose of this paper is to describe the diagnosis and staging of cancer, outline its complications, identify the support available to patients, and explain how a background in science and liberal arts is contributing to the foundation of nursing knowledge necessary to deal with the disease. Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer Typical symptoms of lung cancer include coughing (often with blood), chest pains, chest tightness, energy, and weight loss (Carter & Erasmus, 2019). However, in many individuals, these symptoms do not manifest until in the later stages of the disease, making diagnosing lung cancer difficult. Individuals who smoke or are otherwise at an increased risk of developing carcinoma due to their choice of profession or livelihood choices have to undergo yearly diagnostics in order to spot the development of the disease early on (Carter & Erasmus, 2019). CT scans are used on healthy individuals in order to detect any abnormalities in their lungs to justify further investigation (Carter & Erasmus, 2019). Should something of note be found, further tests to diagnose lung carcinoma would include X-ray imaging tests, sputum cytology, and tissue biopsy to confirm the presence or absence of carcinoma. Once the presence of cancer is established, the doctors need to determine the stage the cancer is at. To achieve such goals, they typically implement CT scans, MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), and bone scans in order to find any metastases spreading from lungs into other areas of the body (Carter & Erasmus, 2019). Based on the information gathered from these tests, the doctors would be able to estimate the scope of treatment and determine what measures and procedures could be taken to stem the disease. There are two types of lung cancer, one being called the small-cell lung cancer, and the other – non-small-cell lung cancer. They have different mechanisms of affliction, as well as different stages. For NSCLC, there are 4 main stages of lung cancer (Carter & Erasmus, 2019). The first stage indicates the presence of cancer in the lung, but without spreading. During the second stage, cancer spreads towards the nearby lymph nodes. D
Case Synopsis This project aims at presenting the case from the “consulting” point of view. In order to understand the situation in detail, it seems appropriate to provide a brief summary. There is a dilemma within KaiXin Electronics Co., Ltd operating in the field of electronic products and services. A number of issues occurred as a result of weak management include the following points: the lack of strong competitive advantage, improper leadership management, and weak cultural organization. The identified key decision-makers are Jason, a general manager, and David, a vice manager. The core objective of the case is to consider the dilemma, analyze it from the perspective of a “consultant”, and provide relevant recommendations based on scholarly publications to improve the current situation of the company. Methods Used to Obtain Information The primary information was received through examining the annual report. After that, the key decision-makers and the employees were invited to take part in interviews that allowed revealing their attitudes towards the company’s performance based on the research questions that will be listed below. At that, no personal information was collected either in written notes or the audio recordings. Furthermore, no other data such as observations or artifacts was taken from the respondents. No deception of any kind was used, and the participants had full knowledge of the purpose of the study in advance. Data was processed and organized accurately to analyze obtained qualitative data. The research questions:   * RQ 1. What are the attitudes of respondents towards the company’s performance?   * RQ 2. What are the drawbacks of the company?   * RQ 3. How can the company improve its performance? Analysis of the Situation Evaluating KaiXin’s goals for a change, it is essential to note that the general manager understands that the company is in need to change its strategy and develop a corporate mission. Jason supports the strategy of the consistent improvement and strives to implement it yet the fact that he works for the company for only half a year does not allow to speak of his strong knowledge or skills. However, Jason’s experience as a CEO makes to believe that he is a good leader. The management of KaiXin understands that it lacks certain important points, but the company has excellent product development capacity, production capacity, and quality assurance capabilities. Hill and Jones (2012) consider that “capabilities refer to a company’s skills at coordinating its resources and putting them to productive use” (p. 108). Knowing of capacity, the general manager emphasizes that there is a need to develop the corporate mission, the competitive advantage, and the integration of staff. Therefore, it is possible to state that KaiXin’s change goals identified clearly. Speaking of the structure of KaiXin, one can note that it consists of the head company and one subsidiary. Each of them has significant registered capital that can be used as one of the resources to initiate change. Thus, the structure of the company fits its goals. As for human resources frame, it sets some chall