ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A Sword Among Lions The reading describes how the historical figure in the race equality movement, Ida Wells, defended the victims of lynching. She brought the commonly silenced evidence of lynching to the public eye (Giddings, 2009). Wells was remarkably successful because she prioritized her mission to protect the race over her husband, who was in a governmental position and risked his career for the common good of African-Americans. I See the Promised Land The speech that Martin Luther King pronounced before his assassination summarizes his views on racial equality in a realistic, yet harsh light. One of his arguments was that in a modern world, a solution to the issue of race is not peace or war, and not a decision of violence or nonviolence (King, 1986). Instead, he stressed that the dilemma is in choosing nonviolence or nonexistence, and such an approach of acknowledging peaceful means of ending the conflict is extremely influential. Dr. King’s Slaying Finally Draws a Jury Verdict, but to Little Effect The article examines the murder investigation of Martin Luther King. Sack and Yellin (1999) follow the police and court progress and find that although numerous suspects have been sentenced, there is still no clarity in regards to the identity of the actual killer. This uncertainty makes me think that it has been a government conspiracy. As a result of the damage to the African-American community, this act of lynching has proved that racism still prevails in a culturally unequal society. 1964-1965: Fighting on Three Fronts The reading narrates the ideological fight of Malcolm X based on his identity, religion, and race. Malcolm was commonly known for establishing the Nation and proclaiming that violence is the key to solving the issue of racial equality, opposing Martin Luther King (Strickland, 1994). This example shows that even among marginalized groups of people, different approaches to the common problem dictate the societal boundaries that Black people have to face and overcome. Groundings with My Brothers This chapter addresses the relation of Black Power to the West Indies and states the importance of the movement worldwide. Rodney (2019) notes that Black power indicates freedom, while supremacy relies on denying some people their freedom to achieve dominance, which does not apply to the African-American liberation movement. I find that addressing this difference is essential because many people today fail to recognize that Black people want equality, not dominance over the Whites.
Introduction E-learning is a type of learning that uses electronic tools and methods to teach learners different subjects. However, it differs from other forms of learning because learners are taught in a virtual learning environment where they interact with their fellow learners and teachers through technological tools. Electronic learning is one of the major forms of learning used to pass on vital skills to employees in various organizations. The paper will discuss the extent to which e-learning in various firms is influenced by a positive change in organizational culture. The paper will focus on Centrax Corporation as an example to show why changes in organizational practices can help firms achieve positive results out of e-learning programs. Arguments advanced in the paper agree with the statement that a change in organizational culture is necessary for e-learning to succeed. E-Learning Theories Organizational culture has a big influence on e-learning. There are several theories which have been used to uncover more information about e-learning. The behaviorist theory argues that learners’ attitudes towards e-learning programs are influenced by how the learning environment is designed. The theory emphasizes that learners have to achieve specific outcomes by showing how they have developed their cognitive skills by answering questions. In this format, learning content is given to learners to help them explore what they want to study through interactions with their peers and instructors (Unit 1, 2013, p. 4). The socio-cultural theory of e-learning emphasizes that learning programs must have practical designs to make it easy for learners to relate the knowledge they have acquired to theoretical content. These two theories are a clear testimony on how the e-learning environment in Centrax Corporation is structured. It enables employees in the firm to acquire vital skills through e-learning. The adult learning theory can solve e-learning needs in the organization because most employees who work there are adults. Centrex’s e-learning models have made all workers adapt to new conditions of work, and this has made them more efficient. Workers in this organization are offered a good environment that makes them more interested in e-learning. The organizational learning theory encourages workers in the firm to change their perceptions towards e-learning. The firm’s workers are encouraged to come up with better solutions for the various challenges they are facing. Through e-learning, Central has been able to transfer knowledge and skills to its workforce, and this has made the firm’s employees more competent in their duties (Unit 2, 2013, p. 5). Business firms n
The chapter in Guest’s book on ethnicity and nationalism helps the reader to see the difference between national identity, and ethnicity. However he notes that both are mostly a “cultural construction”. (Guest 241, 255). Using examples from history, for example, the nation of France, he points out that unified nation states are very modern. In earlier times, people were loyal to their town, not necessarily other towns and cities in their area. Nation states could develop identity after the invention of printing, improved communications, and education (Guest 256) Ethnicity is also a human invention. It is based on shared characteristics, but the choice of characteristics seems to be widely variable, and often based on non-biological aspects of a person (Wareing, Singh and Peccei 18). Hubbard discusses the social construction of the sexual behavior and identity in her essay. She makes the argument that an explanation for who a person is attracted to is perhaps not biological. She calls this ‘bio-determinism’. She also makes the argument that childhood experiences are not necessarily able to explain who someone likes. She calls this attitude ‘psychological determinism’. She also makes a point about devaluing feelings when they are not directed towards what is considered normal (Hubbard 167). This reminded the reader of the list of privileges that Peggy Macintosh observe that white people possess (Macintosh n.pag.). Perhaps valuing sexual feelings is a privilege as well. Salzmann’s chapter on critical advocacy is quite complicated. The author begins by discussing feminism, and pointing out that it is not a theory. It is a social movement like the civil rights movement (Salzman 113). It is different from a theory like social process, for example, as described in Salzmann’s earlier section (Salzman 113) (Salzman 31-48). In the chapter, the author lists a number of different approaches to studying the position of women in society. Then the author begins to list and describe different ways of doing anthropological studies. The more modern approach is to admit that one is involved and not just an outsider looking it. The author suggests that an observer is always going to reflect their own point of view (Salzman 114-121). This is a bit discouraging, since this reader will be observing something quite unfamiliar in the assigned ethnography fo
The book by Mary Shelley “Frankenstein”, as a truly extraordinary piece of writing, touches upon miscellaneous crucial topics like love and hate with the transformative powers they produce, beauty and ugliness and those prejudices which surround these matters, innocence and guilt both real and imagined, compassion and hard-heartedness of mankind. It is a remarkable piece of literary work which explores people’s values and needs, their weaknesses and fears, temptations and prejudices they face, problems they have to overcome and human nature as a whole. Besides, it integrates the following ideas as family and friend relationships, knowledge, intelligence, sensitivity, vulnerability, murder, and many more into an intertwined tale of a man, his creation, and the outcome of that creation. As the book relates to the Romantic era, it is more concerned with sensibility and feelings. It is rather ironical that sometimes the books of fiction by genre can present a truth of life better than the other stock of true life stories and quotations. It is most likely to happen so, as the fiction writers are not inhibited by reality, therefore they are more free in a sense, to explore people thoughts and feelings freely. Considering the book “Frankenstein”, one might say, that it presents the outcasts of the community or people who failed to be accepted by others, just like the main character of the novel. That allows people to bring the characters and the conflicts, which they find in the book into correlation with themselves. Besides, it highlights specifically why it happens, that the people, who come in contact with an outcast fail to see the good in his creation, which is obviously inside of him. The truth of this very story puts its reader up to the fact that the human beings are often irrationally scared of things that seem to be unaccustomed and different to them. In the first place, the creator of the monster, Victor Frankenstein, who sought mutability, made a scientifically set experiment, which turned out to be a scientific breakthrough. A grotesque monster appeared as an incredible result of this experiment. The creature was so ugly, that even its creator abandoned it when he saw it for the first time “flash of lightning illuminated the object and discovered its shape plainly to me; its gigantic stature, and the deformity of its aspect, more hideous than belongs to humanity, instantly informed me that it was the wretch, the filthy demon to whom [he] had given life.” (Shelley, p. 60) People are afraid of something they can not control or do not know how to control it. It is the same principle our ancestors faced, while observing the nature phenomena. Rather than take it as a matter of course, they came up with different superstitious assumptions. The case with the monster appearance is a similar example of a man, facing something, which is beyond his cognition. And when people are scared, they can act in a very cruel way. Starting from the point of his birth, t
The name of the organization is ‘Hospital Corporation of America’, which is abbreviated as HCA. This name comes from the organization’s vast investments. It is apparent that the corporation owns and operates numerous hospitals. Thus, it covers a large national market share. Evidently, the name of the organization is straightforward; thus, individuals can easily understand it. This quality determines an organization’s popularity in the industry. Incase an organization uses identities that are hard to understand, only a few individuals will associate with it. It is appropriate for an organization to adapt a name that portrays the services it offers. For example, ‘National Hospital Corporation’ of America reveals that this organization deals with Medicare. HCA’s mission is the caring and improving of people’s lives through the provision of high eminence and cost effectual Medicare. This mission helps in motivating both employees and clients who seek the services of the corporation. It is evident that this mission statement is the reason behind the excellent services provided by different hospitals operated by this corporation. It is noteworthy that for an organization to succeed, it must have a mission statement. This acts as the guideline to the management and employees of that organization. The organizations vision is making Medicare easily accessible in communities (HCA, 2011). HCA is a privately owned company that operates medical facilities. Moreover, it is a profit making entity because it charges for the medical services it offers. The company has no one owner because a gr
Background Theory The success of a project depends on balancing all resources available in order to achieve the target goal. In this context, the main focus is on an efficient schedule, on the work of high-qualified team members, on the balanced distribution of tasks appropriate for team members and their competence levels, and on the effective manipulation of the available budget to complete the project tasks within the set deadline (Gido & Clements 2014, p. 18; Meredith & Mantel 2011). In addition, according to the project management theory, the project will be successful only in those cases when a project leader pays much attention to communicating with the team members (Reiss 2013). Following Burke (2013), the keys leading to successful project completion are the constant monitoring of a schedule and budget, the prediction of possible risks, and the guarantee of effective teamwork. In this context, a good project manager needs to correlate the project schedule and a budget and refer to the team’s productivity (Burke 2013, p. 21). According to Kerzner, to organize an efficient schedule, it is necessary to set adequate tasks for clearly stated time periods and refer to possible risks (Kerzner 2013, p. 54). To guarantee the focus on the available budget, it is possible to outsource the work and save costs associated with inviting a low number of best-qualified employees (Heagney 2012; Reiss 2013). Still, the team’s productivity is the key to project success, and much attention should be paid to supporting team members and their activities. The Best Score The best score for completing the simulation task is 505 out of 1,000 (Figure 1). The best outcomes associated with this result are the completion of the multifunctional product ordered by the management team and the focus on the project schedule. The product was released in week 17 of the project, and the delay was only two weeks. These outcomes became the results of the strategy chosen during the first weeks of the project. First, it was necessary to guarantee that the team working on the project is high-qualified. Five employees were selected to perform tasks, and their average skill level was medium-high. This approach guaranteed the high-performance level and the lowest level of errors. Outsourcing for performing support tasks was also chosen as an approach to reduce costs and to provide high-qualified team members with more opportunities to perform their primary duties. The work of teams was supported by the regular communication sessions with the help of daily standups and regular status reviews. Furthermore, much attention was paid to the construction of prototypes in order to predict possible problems in the product at different stages of its development. The testing of prototypes every three weeks (weeks 4, 8, 12) was selected as the best strategy to achieve high results in developing the advanced multifunction printer. Problems observed at weeks 5, 8, and 12, which were associated with technical problems, the car accident, and the increas
Also known as research on the victims of different crimes, victimology is believed to be one of the youngest criminological disciplines. Here, victims are required to describe their involvement in a certain crime and identify themselves properly (Daigle, 2012). One of the biggest areas that are currently of interest to victimology is cyber-crime. Even though victimology is not custom-designed to deal with cybercrimes, it is evident that the new generation of criminals has to be pursued and punished (Arntfield, 2015). The target population outlined by the author is the majority of people who are susceptible to being victimized online. Some of the authors describe cybercrime victimization as a complex process that revolves around several lifestyle activities. At the same time, the experts dealing with cybercrimes and cyber-crime victimization came to an important conclusion – there are two main types of victims when it comes to cybercrimes: those who have an unremitting role in the whole criminal process and those who are involved in wrongdoings only indirectly (Arntfield, 2015). There is also a small category of victims that do not fall into any of the categories described above. Similar to the classic concept of victimization, three key factors are contributing to cyber-crime victimization. Arntfield (2015) used meta-analysis to gather the data and learn about the factors mentioned above. These include the provocation, the ability to choose a pertinent victim, and the lack of protection displayed by the latter. Using these factors, we can describe the ideas that are included in Arntfield’s (2015) article and discuss them in detail. First of all, he accurately dwells on the concept of roles of victims in the process of cyber victimization. In the age of technological revolution, we should not overlook the impact of victims on the development of such things as cyberbullying and cyber victimization. Digital attacks are majorly contingent on the victim’s model of behavior because the latter may serve as both a prognosticator and a facilitator of cybercrime (Arntfield, 2015). The article provides us with acceptable information regarding the existing research on the subject. Arntfield (2015) concludes that more interdisciplinary approaches are required to develop a new cybervictimological framework to align cyber activities with the canons of a classic victimological context. The main strength of the article is the author of the article describing one of the existing frameworks that are based on the routine activities inherent in the
Introduction to the case or situation Patient name: Tom Hiddleston. Age: 40. Initial Diagnosis: acute sinusitis. Required investigations:   * CT scan that provides a 3-D picture or an MRI to see the internal structures;   * fiberoptic scope through the nose;   * blood test;   * urine test. Complaints : The patient has:   * flue-like symptoms: headache, stuffy nose;   * nasal inflammation, and congestion;   * difficulties in breathing;   * dry cough;   * pain in ears;   * pain around the nose and eyes. Tom Hiddleston, a white 40-year-old man, had recent complaints about flue-like symptoms and ear pain. He suffers from nasal inflammation, thick colorless discharge from the nose, and nasal congestion that causes difficulty breathing through his nose. Moreover, he feels pain around the nose and eyes, accomplished by headache. Mr. Hiddleston has difficulties in breathing and a constant dry cough. The main symptomatic based on his conditions are the following: runny nose with thick colorless mucus coming from the nose, fever, headache accomplished with pain in nose and eyes, fatigue, and the absence of the sense of smell (Higuera, 2019) Background details   * Mr. Hiddleston previously not diagnosed with sinusitis.   * Has a seasonal dust allergy.   * has had coronavirus in the light form during the last winter.   * has been smoking for 20 years.   * lost the sense of smell after the COVID-19.   * the PCR test is negative.   * Patient rejects having tuberculosis or hepatitis.   * Has a rhinoplasty due to a broken nose bone.   * Reports having a virus infection fo
Overview of Crime Analysis Crime analysis defines a process by the police in following suitably set out examinations aimed at identifying and studying crime trends. Crime analysis aims at providing significant crime data to be used in decision making. This can be carried out under a tactical perspective, which consists of identifying crime series and the offenders and unraveling the crimes. The tactical analysis gives information used in assisting in identifying immediate crime tribulations resulting in the arrest of a specific criminal (Cassel, & Bernstein, 2001). This is centered on an offender’s behavior. This is imperative for crime deterrence. This analysis is applied in order to receive sustaining grant requests. It is also employed to initiate extra staffing and appropriately respond to citizen requirements, including crime reporting (Crime Analysis, 2010). In carrying out crime analysis, one of the approaches used by criminologists is that of establishing a series profile under the tactical analysis approach. In the development of the series profile, a criminal’s distinctiveness forms a fundamental part. Among the areas the series profile will cover includes the categorization of the series, physical description of the criminal, their means of transportation description, crime(s) committed or a succession of events description, modus operandi, and the offender’s signature and motivation. Generally, modus operandi focuses on the behavior critical to the success of the committing of a crime (Alston, 2010). This touches on what a criminal does to carry out a crime. A modus operandi includes elements like to ensure the attainment of the crime, the safeguarding of the offender’s identity, and the successful getaway from the scene of the crime. Modus operandi is thus a cultured behavior and constitutes things like maturity, education, and know-how. Alston categorizes a series profile under one of the three classes. Class I involves a single offender who acts alone throughout reported offenses. Class II involves two or more offenders acting in collaboration where all of them are familiar in all the cases. Class III involves two or more offenders carrying out some of the crimes together or alternately with some obligatory element keeping the group together while continuing the series. The physical description is another important element of a series profile. Grouping behaviors as a process in MO is vital, particularly in linkage analysis, in which case decisions can be arrived at as to whether given crimes are a component of a series. This is eventually important for crimes occurring chronologically. Identifying the nature of the offender under consideration also points to the modus operandi. It also will involve activities assisting the offender in preventing their identification and those of their accomplice who may be aiding them to flee from the final crime scene. Criminological theorists attempt to make logic basing on some criminal behavior. They see patterns that can translate into series. A crime series defines a
There are more than 150 laws imposed on any organization regarding compensation for employees. The department of labor is in charge of enforcing these federal laws. The law that greatly affects the compensation plan of firms is the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA). This law is concerned with compensation for workers who are exposed to death or injury during their duties. This law provides compensation for loss of wages due to injury, disability, or death. The compensation package involves covering all medical and rehabilitation costs for the injured party. A person who is injured during the performance of their duties at the workplace is entitled to proper compensation. The contractor who has employed us should be notified of the injury within 30 days of the occurrence of that injury. The person who has been injured resulting in partial disability and cannot earn any income should fill forms provided by the labor department. One of the relevant examples of an injury that can occur during the performance of duties is falling down a staircase. It can cause a very serious injury to an employee. They will be given compensation if they are federal employees and will have to follow all the necessary procedures to claim for compensation. There are more than enough laws guiding the total compensation of employees. The government should come up with a few concrete laws that have no loopholes in them. The laws, which affect compensation include state laws, federal laws, tax laws, and local employment laws. All these laws work in a way that will govern the amount an employee gets in terms of benefits, total pay, and deductions. The Fair Labor Standards Act is the law, which widely affects the compensation of