ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Facebook is a social network site with several online users globally. Since its inception in 2004, it has enhanced social networking provisions between friends, families, and communities. Evidently, facebook has grown tremendously over the years. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg (a Harvard University scholar) who, before creating facebook, had intended to create an online blog where people could post their profiles, share their views, find friends, make announcements, and express their ethics (Ellis 269). As a social networking system, facebook has gained considerable popularity with its impacts felt globally. On registration, it requires its users to be 13 years and above although some minors have been witnessed utilizing the site offensively. The site operates free of charge with users allowed to join and exit freely. Financially, facebook generates bountiful revenues to its founders. It is used as an advertisement site where several companies (worldwide) post their ads at a considerable cost. On its use, provided one is computer literate, has a facebook account, and a reliable network, he or she can utilize the site. Precisely, facebook aims to be a globalized social networking system where individuals can intermingle online (Marshall 42). Facebook equally offers some numerous provisions like hosting of images and videos to its users. It is important to agree that facebook is advantageous in various contexts due to its ability to enhance networking and relationships among individuals; nonetheless, it has bountiful disadvantages when considered critically. Advantages and Disadvantages of Facebook It is critical to Interact, connect, and relate to other people through a credible online media. Contextually, the emergence of social networking sites has transfigured the world massively. Facebook helps in augmenting relationships, passing crucial information to people, knowing fresh products in the market, and granting instant chatting provisions among its users. This indicates how facebook is an important innovation in the current world. Its use is widespread, a fact that helps in attracting more people to register while enhancing the use and viability of the site (Carter 60). Additionally, facebook gives its users opportunities to update their personal profiles, invite other friends and families as well as dispensing vital information to other users. Evidently, it is possible to choose and invite friends of various kinds through the network. When registered users are many, there are substantial chances of finding desired individuals. Numerous parties must register in order to favor the process. Consequently, a network is created that accomplishes the facebook’s mandates. It is important to agree that facebook is the most influential social media and a credible networking facility. As indicated earlier, one is able to connect to his or her family members, friends, colleagues, schoolmates, and new acquaintances. Facebook is free (no charges); thus, it creates an equal ground for all its users regardles
In 1989, British Petroleum set out plans to transform its processes in response to economic environment which was very severe for business operations coupled with negative perception of information systems in the exploration company. From this study the authors were able to derive a model which, according to them, can be used by the Organizations successfully to transform the IT functions. This transition increases organization’s Business value. The purpose of this study is to analyze and indentify the process followed by the British Petroleum company in its transformational process and how this can be used by other companies that seek to incorporate information systems technology in their bid to undergo transformation. The process of transformation has a number of benefits to the organization’s well-being. The application of information technology in the business process greatly helps to improve productivity. Generally, this is achievable through cost reduction, reduction of cycle time and improved work execution process (Computer Associates, N.D.). Through application of information technology, a business is able to outsource some of its activities. As seen from the case study, information technology adds value to the business by reducing overhead costs as it enables the existence of a lean structure on management. Outsourcing of some of the business activities also enabled the British Petroleum company to benefit from expertise that was not available within the company. They were also able to right-size the company through downsizing. All this structural adjustments were beneficial to the company as it helped it to improve its business relevance in the market. Information technology also increases business value by increasing the economies of scales created by outsourcing. Since the core business of an outsourcing company is to complete specific business tasks, they enjoy from economies of scale as they always undertake to carry similar projects from other companies. There is also the sharing of risk between the business and the company undertaking to do the work outsourced. Th
Introduction Stock exchanges form part of the critical aspects of an economy. The two main sections of the stock exchange market include the primary and secondary market segments. The primary market segment provides public and private entities with an opportunity to raise financial capital by issuing securities. Buyers have the discretion to sell their securities to other investors. The securities traded within the stock market can be debt or equity based securities. Stock exchanges are a critical component of the private sector. According to Glynn, the World Bank has continuously been involved in advocating for the formation of stock exchanges. The emergence of stock markets in most economies requires the firms to be effective and efficient in order to enhance the attainment of national objectives such as improvement in levels of competitiveness, productivity, and stimulate investment. Prevalence of uncertainties in the global stock market is a major issue facing stock exchange firms. Market uncertainties may lead to capital flight due to a decline in the level of investor confidence, which presents a major challenge for stock exchange firms. Consequently, it is fundamental for stock exchange firms such as Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and London Stock market to appreciate the role of strategic management. Strategic management enables stock exchange companies to deal with changes in the external environment, which entails a comparative analysis of Abu Dhabi Securities market and London Stock Exchange. Companies Background Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange [denoted as ADX] was founded in 2000 through enactment of the Local Law Act No. 3. The Abu Dhabi government has provided ADX with autonomy of operation hence increasing its ability to implement the necessary executive and supervisory roles. The firm started its operations in November 2000 and it is charged with the responsibility of providing individuals and institutions with the chance to invest their funds in various stocks/securities hence promoting growth and development of the national economy. In the course of its operation, ADX intends to promote to enhance accuracy and soundness of transactions. ADX aspires to position itself as the exchange choice in the Gulf region. Additionally, ADX is also focused towards development of a capital environment that is characterized by a high level of integrity, transparency, and disclosure. London Stock Exchange (LSE) The firm is ranked as one of the oldest stock exchange firms in the world. In the course of its operation, the firm has undergone significant growth and has managed to position itself at the heart of the world’s financial community with regard to the provision of fixed income, cash equities and other post trade service. Since its inception, the firm has undergone significant growth due to effective implementation of business and corporate level strategies. One of the corporate strategies that the firm has focused at entails formation of mergers. Organization and operations of
Overview of Neorealism In the 1980s, there were emerging debates especially in the field of international relations focusing on world politics. Kenneth Waltz is credited for coming up with the Theory of International politics whose main focus is to initiate international theories of a scientific nature that have elicited the debate which has been witnessed hence giving birth to neo-realism. Neo-realism is prevalent in studies related to security matters. It pays close attention to the importance attached to international system structures and the vital part it plays in shaping the state behavior. There are some differences between neo-realism and the earlier strains of realist thinking (WordPress, 2007). Differences between Neorealism and Traditional Realism The first difference between neo-realism and traditional realism is that traditional realism looks at behavior of the state as being determined by the self-interest facet. On the other hand, neo-realism argues that the conduct or the behavior of a state is directed by the structure. In most cases, the structure of a political system is expressed in terms of the principles for organization used. In such a structure, individual states have the same survival interests in the end. The other principle that defines the structure of an international system is the ability of the units to follow their interests. There are some differences where individuals with high capability become the leaders and create challenges that the rest have to contend with. This unequal distribution traditional realism argues it results in a balanced power behavior for the state (Clinton, 2007). Neorealism and traditional realism do not view power the same way and this brings about the second difference between the two. According to the traditional realists, power to them was looked at as the means as well as the end. To them state behavior that was deemed rational comprised of amassing the most power one could amass. However, in neorealism, power is more
Qualitative Study A qualitative study by Priddis, Schmied and Dahlen (2014) seeks to identify the psychological impact of severe perineal trauma (SPT) on women and determine the impact of care on the patient’s experiences and subsequent recovery following birth. The purpose was clearly stated by the researchers and the qualitative approach necessary to collect such information is justified. The study is very small and focused, using face-to-face structured interviews with women in a local clinic that were recruited through word-of-mouth resulting in a group with shared experiences. This methodology is appropriate for the aims of the study in providing guidance that allows deriving highly descriptive summaries with concrete practical details (McIntosh & Morse, 2015). The data collection process through the interviews is clear as the list of questions is presented, and the researchers describe the process of the interview, as well as clear ethical considerations, are taken such as approval by an ethics committee and creating pseudonyms for the participants. The interviews were recorded digitally and then transcribed. The researcher notes limitations regarding awareness of their place in the research using reflexivity to remain objective. Data analysis was thorough as researchers identified three primary categories of experiences that may overlap including vulnerability during labor and birth, the disconnect between expectations and reality, and the emotional process that women undergo to rediscover themselves in relationships with the baby and sexual partners. The findings are supported by direct quotes from the participants which are then discussed by the researchers. Some supporting data is presented in the discussion and there is a brief description of how the researchers formulated their thematic analysis and categories. The study highly succeeds in the process of developing themes by identifying the main features of a category and both its meaning and analytical importance, which are critical in this type of qualitative research (Vaismoradi, Jones, Turunen, & Snelgrove, 2016). The extent of experiences does not allow for a concrete finding, but the researchers clearly state the impact of care on psychological experiences for women with SPT. This leads to a practical discussion and application, suggesting that further research and an examination of health management services are necessary during and post-natal periods for SPT. This is vital for midwifery and healthcare since incorporating patient experiences and outcomes into the care process is vital for patient engagement and enhancement of care (Lavallee et al., 2016). Particularly with SPT, women are vulnerable and undergo psychological trauma, resulting in the need for interventions for prevention and post-natal care. Randomized Control Study A randomized control trial study by Ugwu, Iferikigwe, Obi, Eleje, and Ozumba (2018) evaluates the effectiveness of an antenatal perineal massage (APM) intervention among pregnant women to reduce perineal trauma and other post-partum complications. It uses
Introduction Expatriation of our managers to the greater China republic can be taken as an honor, success, and opportunity to increasing our global economy. It portrays how broad our spectrum can be than just exploring China, but also a dozen of different countries in the world. However, our move to China is not a simple task. It requires an efficient, effective, and complex management team that can formulate the best international policy choices that compete with the demands of the international integration. 1 Notably, a strategic human resource management system should link and coordinate the standard international human resource to our strategies. It will seek to move our most qualified staff and advertising managers to china to limit catastrophic results caused by lack of qualified expatriates. 2 Therefore, it is critically important to incorporate an international human resource management system since the international assignments require adequate training before deployment. Through expert knowledge, consultation, and academics, this report seeks to identify themes, strategies, directions, and issues for international human resource management for the Chinese region. Generally, the primary objective of the human resource management will be to oversee the importance of the human labour in relation to the current physical resources and finance in order to make the most effective use of human lab our. Differences between human resource management and international human resource management Even though human resource managers have similar tasks compared to the international human resource managers, the international human resource managers have responsibilities that are more complex. International human resource managers will have an obligation of coordinating what is happening in their home and the host country. Additionally, they will have to cater for the needs of the different national subsidiaries, the parent country
Joe Lambert wrote that “our understanding of how the story is at the core of human activity has been a subject of fascination for academics and experts in the computer age” (p. 21). Digital stories as a voice in the media play a crucial role in delivering messages that appeal to all senses: the audience may read, see, hear and even experience the presented story. Moreover, the opportunity to see the story repeatedly creates the added value of digital storytelling within the media. Unlike news, digital stories are p
Introduction Background In today’s ever-changing world, there are many models and structures that are being created and destroyed every day. The last decade has seen some of the world’s worst economic crises and some of the greatest economic debuts. Today, every company strives to be modern by adopting strategies that look forward rather than looking backward. One of the best ways of doing so is using holacracy, heterarchy, and fractal organization as ways to bring your business forward. There is a variety of different businesses that require different strategies to move forward. Depending on the type and business goals, they might adopt another managing and organizational design. However, in the globalized world of today, it is important to stay competitive in the international or national market; hence it is vital to make use of some strategies. Objectives of the essay The objectives of this essay are to educate the reader on the many business structures that are used by companies today. It is vital to remember that today it is essential to modernize in every way possible and keep in mind the ever-changing structures. While the world is globalizing in most of its parts, it is crucial to make sure companies are making sure to remain within the standards that are laid out before them. This essay aims not to convince the reader of a certain point of view, but to review the different business strategies and lay them out before the audience. It is impossible to judge the effectiveness of certain strategies without examples. However, it is still important to theorize them and debate whether they could be useful. This essay strives to define and discuss the structures mentioned so that the reader might have the necessary materials to make judgments. Overview of content An overview can be made by listing the terms that will be used within this essay. The text will discuss organizational forms such as holacracy, heterarchy, and fractal organization and their role in today’s dynamic and networked markets. The significance of these structures cannot be underestimated since they make sure the businesses work to satisfy the sellers and consumers. Definitions of terms Holacracy This term refers to the management system that strives to be in touch with the complex environment of business and economics today (Kurt, 2017). It has an entirely innovative structure that allows it to be relevant in the social and business environment today. Heterarchy This is a term that refers to adaptive governance, which includes hierarchy and networks in a way that is useful and modern for most business structures (Dekker & Kuchar, 2017). Fractal organization The fractal organization is what the business w
Media and communication technologies have significantly impacted the lives of human beings today. Such technology has improved the ability of people to communicate over long distances while simplifying monotonous tasks. However, despite the numerous benefits of such technology, there are concerns of the effects it has on humans. In that regard, media and communication technologies are suggested to affect the mental capacity of people while also negatively influencing younger generations that have grown up with it. The Internet has taken a huge controlling interest in the daily lives of individuals to the extent that some activities cannot occur without its assistance. Carr (2008) states that, “never has a communications system played so many roles in our lives—or exerted such broad influence over our thoughts—as the Internet does today” (para. 22). This means that the Internet has slowly made human beings dependent on its power. Additionally, the negative effects of social media on the mental state of younger generations has recently been on the rise. Twenge (2018) says that “social-networking sites like Facebook promise to connect us to friends. But the portrait of iGen teens emerging from the data is one of a lonely, dislocated generation” (para. 30). This highlights the fact that more teenagers are being linked with mental issues that affect their overall productivity when compared to previous ones. Both authors raise pertinent concerns about the use of communication media and technology due to their long-lasting effects on humans. While these concerns are valid, such advancing technologies will still continue to be developed. Therefore, the shortfalls of such technologies should not be used to undermine their importance and the strides made in the field. Developing appropriate ways of dealing with the issues raised will help put measures in place that can minimize the dangerous effects of these technologies on human beings.
Ethical considerations in management imply that the conduct of managers and employees must stand beyond reproach in order for a perfect working environment. An increase in ethical challenges experienced by the organization leads to increased difficulties in the delivery of a perfect working environment. As an illustration, the presence of fraud, corruption, conflict of interest among other unethical attributes among managers and employees affect profitability. Managers must possess and demonstrate impeccable integrity, accountability, and responsibility for the duties and resources allocated to them. Observing the managerial profession requirements taught in various professional management courses, such as accounting and auditing enables sticking to ethical requirements. The engaging inhumane business comprises the most responsible perspective in business, through supporting the morality of the human race. The provision of moral support to employees and stakeholders facilitates the development of a positive business environment. Conducting clean business with a friendly environment provides the stakeholders with satisfaction and raises the public perception of the organization. A responsible business approach observes the elimination of bottlenecks in attaining maximum protection of stakeholders’ interests. In light of the applicable stakeholders’ protection efforts, ethical and moral frameworks must suffice. Realigning personal ambitions with overall organizational and stakeholders’ objectives includes the establishment of internal standards safeguarding ethics and morals.