ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In order to understand the nature of crime and the concept of social disorganization, one needs to perform a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon and study it from different angles. The Chicago School of Criminology suggests viewing the notion under scrutiny from the ecological perspective, thus placing emphasis on the societal issues and the related factors (Hardyns & Pauwels, 2017). Implying that the setting in which an individual lives defines their propensity toward crime, the Chicago Theory (CTC) posits that the strategy for mitigating crime should be based on changing the social perspective and conditions in which people are raised. Main body Based on the tents of sociological theoretical frameworks, the Chicago School Theory suggests that interactions within a family define one’s behavior and set of values to a large extent, causing one to develop specific patterns of interpersonal relationships. The term “anomie,” which serves to define the “the shared perception that society is breaking down,” is linked to the CTC directly (Teymoori, Bastian, & Jetten, 2017, p. 1011). The concept emerged with the creation of the differential association theory, which has ostensibly been inspired by CTC (Barmaki, 2016). In this context, the impact of family relations on an individual and their propensity toward crime needs to be considered. Representing a microcommunity, the family hierarchy, and interactions within it shape one’s perception of right and wrong, affecting one’s choice between the legal and illegal. Thus, CTC has led to the assessment of interpersonal relationships, stereotypes, and the impact thereof on the probability of a person committing a crime. Studies show that the influence that family has on an individual is quite large in terms of the development of criminal tendencies. For instance, the study by Lilly, Cullen, and Ball (2018) points to the prevalence of challenging family backgrounds in criminals. In addition, a study by Hardyns and Pauwels (2017) addressing the problem of juvenile crime and increase in its rates proves that the impact of family members on one’s decision to undertake criminal activities is quite vast. According to Barmaki (2019), the observed situation occurs due to the misrepresentation of basic values, as well as moral and ethical norms, in early childhood and the development of the respective issues in adult decision-making. Overall, there is a clear correlation between the family background of an individual and the behaviors that they are likely to develop in the future. While the observed discovery does imply that people fro
Catholic Charities of Arkansas is one of those organizations which offer the desperate a glimmer of hope. Helping those in need and giving money to the poor, this organization is known as the temple of ruth and kindness. Like any other Christian organization attempting to help the people within its reach, Catholic Charities of Arkansas has its own mission and a proud history. To start with, the organization’s mission is “ rooted in the challenge of the Gospel: to serve with dignity and respect persons who are poor or marginalized; to advocate on behalf of the most vulnerable; and to actively promote charity, justice and the sanctity of life in the Church and in the community” ( Catholic Charities of Arkansas, 2010). As for the organization history, it is worth mentioning that the Arkansas organization has been out there for quite a long time – it has been 168 years since the first pauper knocked on the door of Catholic Charities of Arkansas . As the organization itself claims, “For 168 years, faithful Catholics, priests, religious, deacons, and many co-workers have extended the mission of the Church across our state” ( Catholic Charities of Arkansas, 2010). However, these are not only the issues of poverty that the organization deals with. Along with helping the people in need, Catholic Charities of Arkansas has been enlightening people about the key concepts of the Catholic faith and the Catholic vision of the Christian religion. Quite obviously, this relatively small organization is a private one. However, it still manages to hold up among the rest of the Christian organizations of even greater scale. Catholic Charities of Arkansas is an informal organization that exists within the realm of the Catholic Charities structure. However, despite being one of the many, Catholic Charities of Arkansas still handles the organizational issues completely on its own. Despite the fact that the organization is a truly friendly place, it does not disclose its policy towards different ethnicities and cultures, as well as numerous controversial issues. Therefore, it is rather complicated to find out whether Catholic Charities of Arkansas willingly accepts such things as, say, gay marriage, or whether they have a don’t-ask-don’t-tell policy. As for the money issues, one must admit that the organization offers sufficient help: CCHD makes a limited number of small grants to provide financial assistance to organizations whose efforts are aimed at serving the needs of low-income people. […] Applications are accepted regardless of religious denomination. Grants b
Introduction The public health systems have a critical role in community preparedness towards response and recovery from emergencies and threats. Coordination and collaboration between local and global emergence response stakeholders create capability-based frameworks that save people’s lives and promote safety. Organizations such as the American Red Cross are popular for their integral role in public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities in the US and other parts of the world. Explain how the organization’s mission and vision enable it to contribute to public health and safety improvements The American Red Cross (ARC) has fundamental principles, vision, and mission that enhance public health safety and standards. The organization’s mission and vision statements are geared towards improving the quality of life, offering safety services, and health promotion during a crisis (American Red Cross 2020). The mission focuses on creating networks and mobilizing volunteers who provide the capacity for the organization to alleviate human suffering during emergencies. ARC’s vision is to promote care, safety, and comfort to families and communities affected by disaster through their trained individuals. The organization’s effectiveness towards public health safety is achieved through the integration of its values, and business practices. Include examples of ways a local and/or global initiative supports organizational mission and vision and promotes public health and safety The International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) is a global initiative that supports the ARC’s vision and mission through its humanitarian protection and assistance towards the victims of war and armed violence. The global initiative focuses on health, life protection, and upholding of human dignity during emergencies such as armed conflicts (American Red Cross 2020). The initiative is present in every country and has millions of volunteers whose role is to promote people’s safety through the development of humanitarian action. Evaluate an organization’s ability to promote equal opportunity and improve the quality of life in the community Guided by its core principles of impartiality, humanity, unity, voluntary service, neutrality, universality, and independence, ARC has remained fair in its delivery of public health services to all. The organization voluntarily offers emergency care and humanitarian work without discrimination in its national and international capacity (Kent State University 2020). The organization is committed to relieving individuals’ suffering by prioritizing the most urgent and distressful cases. ARC values diversity, equity, and inclusion to its workforce, partners, and suppliers. Consider the effects of social, cultural, economic, and ph
Environmental stewardship refers to the act of protecting and conserving the environment. According to Aldo Leopold, environmental stewardship is promoted through the improvement of the relationship between humans and the environment (Sauve, 2010). It includes activities that improve and conserve the environment. On the other hand, environmental sustainability involves making decisions that ensure long-term conservation and protection of the environment. Also, it involves taking part in activities that improve the capability of the environment to support life (Sauve, 2010). Both aspects are aimed at reducing the negative impacts that degrade the environment. Environmental stewardship and sustainability are important because conserve vacation and sustenance of the environment is important to support the rapidly growing global population. Deforestation refers to the act of cutting trees for industrial and domestic use (Sauve, 2010). Destruction of the Amazon forest is one of the problems environmental conservationists are experiencing today. Deforestation is the main cause of Amazon Rainforest’s destruction. It is caused by rising demand for agricultural land, need for firewood, need for land to build factories and businesses, and need for timber. Since it is difficult to control the rate of population growth, it is important to conserve the environment. Negative effects of deforestation include soil erosion, destruction of habitats, and global warming. Deforestation causes soil erosion because it exposes soil to wind and water. Soil erosion has negative effects such as low productivity and destruction of plants and soil microorganisms (Sauve, 2010). Also, trees act as windbreakers. Therefore, they prevent soil erosion by lowering the speed of the wind. Deforestation exposes soil to the strong wind that carries soil away. When soil is carried away, nutrients that nourish plants and trees in the forest become unavailable. Deforestation is a major cause of global warming. Trees play a vital role in maintaining balance by regulating energy and nutrient cycles. Deforestation leads to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As a result, the gas absorbs radiation waves from the sun, which are not released into the atmosphere after bouncing off the earth surface. This phenomenon is referred to as the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect causes global warming because trapped radiation is converted to heat energy, which increases global temperatures (Sauve, 2010). High temperatures cause global warming. Deforestation also destroys habitats. The Amazon Rainforest is home to many animals. Also, it is a source of food for animals. Deforestation kills animals because it destroys their food and shelter. Animals such as lions, elephants, and buffalo
Introduction Ovarian cyst is a medical condition that affects women, and it has received attention in study, research, and treatment for a long time. As a medical condition, ovarian cysts is defined as a sac that normally develops and forms itself on the ovary of a woman and in nature, this sac is filled with fluid (Ricci and Kyle, 2008). Further, it has been established that this common growth condition is normally benign 90% of the time and is asymptomatic in many women (Hackey, 2007 cited in Ricci and Kyle, 2008). Further, it has been established through research that ovarian cysts normally affect 30% of women who experience regular menses while 50% of women with irregular menses are affected with ovarian cyst (Ricci and Kyle, 2008). More so, research shows that 6% of women in post-menopause are affected with ovarian cyst (Ricci and Kyle, 2008). It is within this understanding of ovarian cyst that this research paper aims at specifically analyzing an ovarian cyst case from its history, diagnosis, care, and treatment in a particular given case study of a patient. Case Study: Ovarian Cyst Sarah is a woman aged 35 years old. Two days ago, she presented herself to the clinic complaining of pelvic pain, bloating and early satiety, accompanied by breathlessness. She had no vaginal discharge. Facial expression showed Sarah looking pale and felt cold. Further, the patient indicated that prior to her coming to the clinic, she had vomited twice, and she had experienced pain around the hypogastrium. On further examination, it was found out that Sarah had tense, tender cystic swelling from the pelvis almost reaching the epigastrium. After this early testing had been done, it was recommended that Sarah needed an ultrasound examination. Ultrasound findings were as follows: Sarah’s uterus was normal in size; myometrium was present and had uniform low-level echoes while the endometrial was empty. Further, the ultrasound examination indicated that there was a spherical transonic mass of 8.6 cm wide seen to the right side of the uterus and had irregular lines (septa) within it. The mass was seen arising from the pelvis and positioned above the upper border of the uterus and had acoustic enhancement. Moreover, two ill-defined parallel lines were seen arising from the lower border of the mass reaching the uterus. The identified lines represent the pedicle, which is discontinuous at the middle. Discussion Differential diagnosis of Sarah with regard to presentation and findings The above presented symptoms from Sarah and further the symptoms identified through ultrasound examination points to existence of three medical conditions. Ovarian cysts The above physical and informal examination would point to the existence of ovarian cysts in the patient. However, ultrasound is the only method that would confirm the presence of ovari
Introduction Making informed choices in the workplace is of great importance since strong data analysis and decision-making skills enable teams to maximize the chances of success. In organizational contexts, those involved in making important decisions should be aware of different methods helping to analyze data sets and make accurate predictions. This essay is aimed at analyzing some theoretical concepts in business analytics and discussing their applications in data analysis and decision-making. Probability The concept of probability can be justly listed among the terms having numerous applications in decision-making in everyday and professional problems. Based on class activities, the probability is basically the chance that a specific event will happen, and decision-makers should reassess probabilities when new information becomes available (Albright & Winston, 2017). The notion of probability and its main rules (the rule of complements and the addition rule) are relevant to workplace decision-making and applied to the selection of investment opportunities (Sen, 2020). For instance, using the concept of probability, investment analysts keep track of the chances of financial success and failure associated with each available investment opportunity. Markov chains, which can be used to analyze the competitive landscape and fluctuations in brand preferences, are another popular application of probability in business analytics and strategic decision-making (Trinh, 2018). Probability assessments remain critical when it comes to workplace decisions since an understanding of this concept allows looking into the future of specific businesses and avoiding preventable strategic mistakes. Uncertainty In the workplace, a good understanding of uncertainty contributes to the ability to design strategic decisions that bring financial and reputational gains without being overly risky. One common misconception about uncertainty involves the inability to reflect the difference between risks and uncertainty in decision-making. As opposed to risks that exist in situations with predictable outcomes, uncertainty is much harder to quantify and assess. Those involved in decision-making are to deal with uncertainty when analyzing business data to search for relationships and trends (Albright & Winston, 2017). In business decisions, probability rules can be applied to assess uncertainty about whether companies will meet the set deadlines or derive additiona
Introduction Energy is the essential gift bestowed on humankind. As the trustees of this energy, it is our task to conserve it since we can not do without it. Energy enables us to see, hear, move, work, and essentially live a normal life. It is, therefore, crucial that we endeavor to practices that will lead to the sustainability of this energy. Renewable and nonrenewable energy sources Renewable energy is that which is derived from natural resources and is inexhaustible because its natural replenishment is much faster than its consumption, for instance, wind and solar energies. On the contrary, nonrenewable energy is derived from natural resources but is exhaustible because it occurs in fixed proportions, and its degeneration is faster than regeneration. Nonrenewable energy includes coal, oil among other minerals, which are being, used at a rate that far exceeds discovery. Methods of energy conservation Personal initiative From the preceding, it is vital to conserve both forms of energy to ensure environmental sustainability because the misuse of energy is the chief cause of pollution. One of the methods that we as homeowners can apply to conserve energy is the use of energy preservation home appliances. These may include energy-saving bulbs and optimal process air conditioners and refrigerators. Embracing of real-time power use indicators will ensure energy is saved. The harnessing of solar power and its subsequent use are also critical in ensuring minimum usage of nonrenewable energy and minimum wastage of renewable energy. During the sunny periods, a lot of solar energy goes to waste while we grapple with astronomical power bills. Solar panels are obtainable at very reasonably priced marketplace rates and will not only help safeguard power but also cut on expenses (FAO, ND). Collective bargaining will further help us acquire these panels and other solar based appliances at a lower price that will be to the profit of everybody. The adoption of Eco-friendly ways of life is also indispensable in energy conservation. The use of Eco-friendly fuels in our day to day lives is one such way. These include the green fuels that are readily available at our local outlets. Eco-friendly cars that use the power conscious biofuels are also in the marketplace at levelheaded prices. In addition to conserving the surroundings, adoption of these fuels will protect us against the ever-escalating fuel prices. Government initiative The government’s role in energy mainte
Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to discuss of various business scenarios, strategic options, business strategy, aims and objectives, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Majid Al Futtaim Properties LLC (MAFP Group). In addition, this report focuses more on market sizes, company sales and market shares of MAFP Group for a period of 3 years, customer preference analysis, core competencies, ethics and corporate social responsibility, future outlook to provide recommendation and implementation process of different strategies. Introduction Majid Al Futtaim Properties is one of the foremost fastest-growing real estate groups that started its journey in 1992 in the MENA region and came into operation through the City Centre mall in Dubai. Beside the real estate, hotels, malls, and property management, the company diversified its business in the entertainment, fashion, consumer financing, healthcare, food and beverage, energy management and even in the retail market with 33,000 workforces in fifteen (15) locations of Asia, Africa and MEENA. The Majid Al Futtaim Properties along with its subsidiaries are well known as MAFP Group that aimed to expand its business in the global market in the leading edges of the shopping malls, hospitality, asset management as well as project management with fee of cost advisory service for any upcoming venture. National, Regional or Global Market Analysis At present, this Group operates four business segments in 13 countries with three major operating subsidiaries; however, it owns nineteen shopping malls in the MENA region, operates twelve hotels adjacent to shopping malls in the UAE (ten) and Bahrain (two); furthermore, it controls Ski Dubai, an indoor ski resort with 22500 m 2 of area. In addition, it has cinema business with more than 180 screens across the MENA region; it generates the highest profit from the operation of the national market; at the same time, Egypt, Bahrain, and Qatar are profitable market to this company; however, the following figure gives more details in this regard- Figure 1: Geographical Split of Majid Al Futtaim Properties in 2015. Source: “Majid Al Futtaim Group Overview” 5.
American Revolutionary war (1775-1783) was a war between Great Britain and the American colonies. Though, war is a “male” responsibility, women of America took an active part and greatly contributed to the outcomes of American Revolution. Indeed, women played a specific role at that time. Revolution promoted changes in the society, as well as changed the ideology of the “woman sphere”. Revolution brought changes to the meaning of women’s everyday activities, and they acquired political meaning. Women became not only wives, mothers and mistresses, they became social activists, fighters and camp followers. When men were fighting at the front, women adopted their roles, and managed business. At the same time, many female patriots joined army and fought side by side with men. Thus, the role of women in American Revolution was great, they performed the crucial function in civilizing men and help them be worthy citizens of their country; they also protected their homes from British troops, many of women participated in battles as well. There are many written record that provide information on important role of women during the American Revolution. Many women became well-known characters of American folklore, such as Molly Pitcher, many women supported patriotism in the country and founded organizations that provided support for military troops, such as Esther Berdt Reed, many women proved themselves as brave soldiers, Deborah Sampson, devoted wives and nurses. Many women even conducted chronicles of war. For example, Mary Katherine Goddard made a great contribution to the raising of patriotic feelings in the country when printed official copy of the Declaration of Independence. Another writer Christian Henrietta Caroline Acland produces a record of her experience when she was travelling from England to America. This writing became one of the most credible sources of information about events of the American Revolution. History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution is a three volume record of the events that was created by one of the first historians of Revolution, who was also a woman. Education became very important part of women’s lives, and became a major prerogative of the fight for women’s rights. Though, ther