ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Religion creates mechanisms that help individuals move through the complex limitations encountered in life. Considering the modern skepticism, it is evident that the story of religion has not been a consistently enlightening one. Religion describes human activities inclined to some form of religious beliefs. The religious life and activities demonstrate the tendencies toward resentments, ethnocentrisms, sexism absolutism, elitism and other important aspects of human life. One of the most significant ways to understand religion is to view it as an instrument used by humans to find routes through the most rigorous barriers that interfere with the stability and continuity of life. Life impediments and limits are those unexpected, bothering situations encountered through life. According to (Haught 4), religion provides solutions to the most inflexible obstacles that interfere with the human way of life (Mencken, Bader and Stark 196). Spirituality Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the knowledge and recognition that spirituality greatly contributes to the well being of humans expanded speedily. Scientific study and interpretation as well as humanistic research explored the connections between peoples’ understanding of God and spirituality as well as the aspects of the human wellness, which proved that spiritual health is strongly linked to an individual’s well being. Awareness of the significance of spirituality to human wellness exists in almost every facet of life. Spirituality instills human existence and has a significant influence on every human activity. Therefore studying spirituality remains relevant and helpful for all people (Mencken, Bader and Stark 197). Biblical and historical Background of Christianity Weaver and Brakke (6) explain that Christianity is an open religion in which Christians believe that God is evidenced in words and in the history of redemptive events. The Christians believe that God communicates with them through the bible. They also believe that the life of Christ together with his death and resurrection form the basis of faith and the foundation of Christianity as a religion. Christians believe in the presence of the Holy Spirit in the church and that God is the creator and the savior of mankind. According to the Christian faith, Jesus Christ is God’s most central self-revelation and the Holy Spirit is the power through which God works among the Christians. The development of Christianity was not easy. There were serious arguments among the believers and between the believers and the Jews regarding the person and the mission of Christ. For a long time, Christianity has grown and changed since its humble beginnings in the early centuries (Weaver and Brakke 5). The Jewish Bible, Tanakh contains the Torah, Nevi’im which are the books of prophecy and the Ketuvim commonly referred to as writings. It is divided into three sections which include the Torah, the prophets and the writings. Christians reorganized the Tanakh and renamed it as the Old Testament for the Christian bel
Saudi Arabia is well placed in the Middle East region. The region has experienced an economic boom over the last decade. This has been due to the discovery of high levels of oil and natural gas in the country (Euromoney 1). These discoveries, coupled by a high population make the market attractive for business investment. As the growth in population and finance from oil and natural gas exports increases, Saudi Arabia’s population has continued to enjoy a strong purchasing power (CIA 1). Strong consumer purchasing power is one of the fundamental factors which make the Saudi Arabia market more attractive to foreign investors. The market is promising since according to the current statistics the country has a GDP of 6.8 percent (CIA 1). The level of competition in Saudi Arabia is very high. This offers investors a chance to invest wisely and come up with marketing strategies that offers them a competitive advantage over their competitors. Rapid expansion in the manufacturing industry coupled with an increase in the level of investment from both foreign and domestic investors has increased the level of competition in Saudi Arabia’s market. A high level of competition makes the market less attractive since new investors
There are a lot of autobiographies which attract human attention, however, Rodriguez’s “The Achievement of Desire” is a piece of writing which deserves special consideration in many reasons. Being an autobiography like the one written by other authors, Rodriguez’ “The Achievement of Desire” is particular in many reasons. Many ethical claims are raised by the author. The main idea of the whole article is expressed in one sentences “the boy who first entered a classroom barely able to speak English, twenty years later concluded his studies in the stately quiet of the reading room in the British Museum” (Rodriguez 215). This is a one sentence summary of Rodriguez’s career who managed to achieve much by means of reading and education in general, but at the same time he has lost his family having created a huge gap between him and his parents who were uneducated. According to Rodriguez, education is important and it does not matter whether your parents are educated or not, whether you have much money or not. The desire to study comes from inside and an individual has an opportunity to become an educated person in case one wants. Rodriguez wanted to study, he had nothing to do but to read and this activity has encouraged Rodriguez for education. It was initially parents’ fault who did not pay much attention to their child, who were too involved in earning for living. Rodriguez’s parents were uneducated simple employees who did much to make sure that all the members of the family were fed. Bering allowed for doing whatever he wanted, Rodriguez chose an education path. Stressing the role of parents in the life of Rodriguez, it is possible to say none. Parents have never been really interested in the life of their son and he also was not interested in telling them what happened in his every day activities. The main idea the author wants to deliver to the reader is that education may separate such close ties as family. Becoming more and more educated, Rodriguez understood that he becomes more distant from his relatives. They failed to understand him and he was unable to understand them. Therefore, Rodriguez draws a very important claim which may be developed further. Education creates a gap between those who have it and those who have not. Educated people feel uncomfortable in the company with uneducated and wise versa. One more issue which deserves attention in Rodriguez’s education was his popularity among teachers and ability to answer each question. In other words, Rodriguez knew too much, he was too educated and this feeling of superiority over others also affected his vision of the world. At the end of his autobiography Rodriguez says that education was not that important when one has home where he can return (Rodriguez 226). Having understood the main idea of education after many years have passed it becomes obvious for Rodriguez that his parents are the closet people to him and knowledge is just one of the characteristics one has which may be or may not be, but family is eternal. Therefore, it may be concluded that the au
Many plays, poems, novels and short stories have single straight plots that are usually easy to follow and comprehend. The themes and styles used are always modest for the audience to get the flow of events as easily as possible. However, Shakespeare successfully blends different approaches to make various plots. He managed to create multiple plots in this comedy, while at the same time, maintaining the general plot development and advancement by the use of certain themes, character traits and literature styles. The irony is used to describe the battles between Beatrice and Benedick who are the main characters faced with a great challenge that seems to separate them, but instead this ordeal works contrary to the reader’s expectations. We assume that in reality when people hate each other, the worst they can do is to fall in love with each other. However, in this particular case, this is the thing that happens as these long time foes turn to be good friends and fall in love. Naturally, it is very impossible for people who hate each other so deeply and then fall in love, but Shakespeare’s plot proves the contrary as Beatrice and Benedick fall in love after their hatred has been forced to end. The use of irony makes the plot develop further when Don John pushes Hero and Claudio to separate just before their wedding. The plot is also advanced in terms of mischief and the will to do ev
Some schools have banned the use of cell phones during school hours to avoid distractions and restrict communications between students and teachers over social media. Thomas, H., Susan, L., & Mary, G. (2010) states that, The American Library Association believes that if students are prohibited from using the social media, it only leaves them without knowledge for protecting privacy and therefore should be educated to use it in a responsible and ethical way. Facebook is one of the influential sites. A teacher for instance, can connect to reach his students and also contact their families. It also provides instant learning to the students by updating them on different developments during snow days. Some students, who use Skype, twitter and Facebook can contact the different authors and also undertake long distant projects with other students. There are so many groups that interact over such websites. They come from different cultures and backgrounds. The results of such interaction are very good. Most people who interact come from different races and therefore do share a variety of information. Social media may also be integrated into classroom by allowing the students to access social media sites (Toppo, 2011). Management software can be installed to allow the staff to monitor the activities being done on the internet or while using the social media. Students may use the social media in a negative way and this may make them develop very bad characters within a very short time. There should be a curriculum that explains how to use social media to benefit the students learning. This enables them to use it in a more meaningful way to have a positive impact in their development. A child, who learns on the use of internet for learning purposes at a very young age, becomes very active intellectually. The staff should then watch the students as they conduct themselves while using the internet for learning. This helps in preventing them from accessing certain sites like the pornographic sites. Such students copy the same characters and then try to put them into practice and therefore end up destroying their lives. Facebook may also assist the teacher to connect or communicate with the students and parents as well as share the information of the school with other educational stakeholders. Students may receive assignments over Facebook and do them. Social networking has also been in use for a lon
There are two main claims in Gabrielsson, Sasi, and Darling’s article with which it is possible to agree. The researchers state that it is more important for Born Globals to access external financial resources and develop effective finance strategies than for Born Internationals. It is possible to agree with this claim because, in their development, Born Globals are oriented to globalisation from the first steps, and the rapid progress needs more advantageous access to financial resources that guarantees more benefits. The authors’ second important claim is that finance strategy selections and approaches to financial management matter to influence SMEs’ development as Born Globals or their failures (Gabrielsson, Sasi, and Darling 600). This statement is reasonable because ineffective finance strategies selected by Born Globals at the first stage of their development influence the whole progress of the company and utilisation of financial resources. Inadequate financial management is the main cause to make the company become a failure because of the necessity to respond to the speed of the Born Globals’ progress. Rapid globalisation is typical for Born Globals when Born Internationals cover more steps in their progress. As a result, the focus on effective financial strategies to balance the access to internal and foreign financial resources and the appropriate choice of alternatives are necessary to guarantee the SMEs’ success. Works Cited Gabrielsson, Mika, Viveca Sasi, and John Darling. “Finance Strategies of Rapidly-Growing Finnish SMEs: Born Internationals and Born Globals”. European Busin
Su Shi was one of the greatest calligraphers of the Song dynasty, representing individuality through a practice known as shang yi shu feng . His calligraphy is seen as innovative and one of the greatest artistic accomplishments of the period, potentially influenced by his personal character and impact calligraphic theory. In calligraphic theory, there were three developmental peaks which occurred during the Jin, Tang, and Song dynasties, named li (reason), fa (rule), and yi (intent). The Jin period led to development of various forms of Chinese written script, which was also seen as an art form. The best calligraphy was sought to possess the qualities of vividness, variation, proportion, and fluency – the inner aesthetic view of the script termed li . On the other hand, Fa focused on outward aesthetic quality, particularly the rules of brush execution and uniform standards to spatial configuration. This came from the influence of the Tang dynasty where civil service became established, and good scholars were evaluated for content and good visual quality of writing. Finally, the Song period saw scholars seek to not improve the perfection of outward style developed during the Tang period, but to focus on the inner world of the calligrapher. This resulted in the emphasis of not attempting to mimic the styles of previous masters, but search for their own identities and expressions through the art of calligraphy, that came to be known as yi . As known, Su Shi came to prominence during the Song period and highly valued the concept of yi when judging good brushwork. He was strongly influenced by masters Zhi Yong and Yan Zhenqing who developed myriad calligraphic styles and changes to characters respectively. Su Shi supposedly viewed yi as an expression of personal emotion and ideas, personal identity through calligraphy. This can be analysed through calligraphic style, brush technique, and spatial composition. Su Shi was imprisoned at one point for voicing his opinion of an official. He is also known to hold Daoist philosophies towards life which emphasize the spirit of naturalness and simplicity. Although not a representative of Daoist calligraphy, Su sought to express himself freely and pursue the development of personality in his work. He never sought to retrace other masters but create his own style. Furthermore, in his calligraphy he uses generous space and broad strokes, conveying a sense of profundity and freedom. The characters have the freedom of movement, demonstrating Su Shi’s unrestrained and carefree disposition. Therefore, the beauty of his brushwork in relation to Daoism principles creates a meaning that goes beyond the art of calligraphy – not only being pleasant to the e
Immunization was first introduced in 1796 by Edward Jenner and since then various diseases have had their vaccines licensed. This has seen a reduction in illnesses and death that often resulted from infection with these diseases. Various vaccines have received negative reception due to the severe side effects they elicit. However this has led to the development of better vaccines for example the pertussis and rota virus vaccines. Though almost all vaccines have side effects their benefits greatly outweigh their side effects. Immunization is the method of stimulating a resistance response in a human or animal body to specific diseases that have been killed or have been attenuated. These microorganisms do not cause disease but rather boos the body’s immune system to fight the microorganism should it encounter it in future. In order to better understand immunization we need to understand how immunization came about by studying its history. A major breakthrough in immunization occurred in 1796 when Edward Jenner a British physician realized that people who had suffered from cowpox did not get small pox a severe disease as compared to cowpox and which causes disfigurement and death. He did his research on an eight year old boy whom he inoculated with material obtained from the sores of a person with cowpox. The boy did catch cowpox however on exposure to the small pox virus, he remained immune and did not catch the disease. This phenomenon has been explained that the cowpox antigen is so similar to the small pox antigen hence they make the body produce the same antibodies to both diseases hence the protection obtained from exposure to small pox after immunization with small pox. This breakthrough was followed by that of Levis Pasteur in 1885 who discovered a vaccine for rabies. He made this realization on a boy who had obtained fourteen bites from a rabid dog. He injected the boy with more virulent rabies viruses into the boy giving him immunity to the virus (Clamer , C. H.;Shieck, V. 2008). In mid 1900s Jonus Salk and Albert Sabin made great strides in developing a successful vaccine for the poliomyelitis various that was epidemic in some parts of the world for example Africa. Salk developed an injectable vaccine that contained the inactivated virus and Sabin developed the oral vaccine that contained attenuated that is live weakened virus. This development has led to the elimination of the polio virus in many parts of the world. These breakthroughs have led to further development of immunization and immunization techniques with more and more viruses getting a vaccine. Immunization has led to a decreased in illnesses such as measles, mumps and tetanus and diphtheria. Tetanus cases have also reduced tremendously. In the mid 1800s the US military personnel reported 20s tetanus cases per 100,000 wounds. Between 1922-1926 approximately 1,315
Introduction The movie revolves around a young man who wishes to die. Harold comes from a rich family. He keeps staging death to deceive his mother. He claims to be emotional when his mother becomes frightened. In the end, his mother gets used to his mischievous activities although she still wishes that he lives a better life. This movie is full of fiction and delusions. It is based on superstitions. In essence, it does not provide an effective argument. “Harold and Maude” contains several delusions which make it incredibly flawed. Inconsistencies in its arguments prove that the author’s use of ethical appeals is highly flawed. It can be observed that the movie does not present an effective ethos and logos. Issue The story revolves around a youth called Harold. He is obsessed with death. He therefore deceives people, including his mother. His obsession with death traces back to his school where he had burnt a chemistry laboratory. He therefore tries to evade logic by using deceptive evidences to achieve his goals. He does not want his mother’s ideas on his future. He therefore wishes to deceive and frighten her of his death. However, he does not succeed in his mission; he gets deceived by Maude on her birthday. In essnce, the main issues at crossroads in the movie are the factors that derive happiness and enlightenment. According to Harold’s mother, enlightenment and happiness can be achieved through pursuing a good life. This includes marriage and career. However, according to Harold and Maude, life is about maximizing the opportunity when one is alive. Howeve
Summary The article discusses the culture of Nacirema society and its diversity. The Nacirema people are inhabitants of North American living in the territory between Canada and Mexico. The Nacirema, who have managed to live under exotic customs, have devoted themselves to the rituals of the body, where the emphasis has been put on the appearance and health of society. Their culture indicates that the whole body is ugly and has a natural tendency to disease. According to the article, the Nacirema culture expects all households to have one or more shrines where they can perform rituals and ceremonies. However, it varies according to the economic status of the family. Rich families have several shrines in their houses, all of which are walled with stone. The shrine has a box containing charms and magical powers that make locals believe that their lives are centered on such potions. The Nacirema culture has medicine men who prepare these concoctions to treat members and protect them from harm. This shows that the Nacirema hold on their culture to protect lives. The natives go through different rituals every single day. The Nacirema society revolves around ritual and magical powers. The sick are taken to the temple, where the medicine men perform healing rituals on them. Men perform their excretory functions in sacred vessels in the presence of vestal maidens, while women do it in the presence of men in the shrine. Diviners manipulate naked bodies of women in the process of ceremonial treatment. The article reflects the crudeness and irreverence of the ritual life of the Nacirema. Response The ritual customaries of the Nacirema have made them slaves of their culture. It is identified as an oppression of the power to their subjects in society. Some of their cultural beliefs have been outlived, and should not be embraced. Culturally, the sick are expected to be brought into the temple for healing rituals. A majority of the patients lose their lives in the process. The conditions are painful and not patient-friendly. Patients are laid on hard beds, where the medicine men inject needles in their bodies as a method of treatment. Patients lose lives in the end, raising questions on the efficiency of the ritual practices. Secondly, one must carry gifts so as to receive treatment. Those who are cured should present additional gifts before leaving the temple. Patients who do not have gifts cannot be treated, and those cured cannot leave without presenting gifts. The Nacirema uphold rituals of the body, where excretory functions are ritualized. This raises concern as to why a man should go through the process before a woman and a woman before a man. This contradicts the beliefs and customs of society. Their culture limits intercourse and conception is not frequent. Therefore, the deaths that occur do not tally with the births in the community, indicating that the Na