The recent researches have detailed the multifaceted alterations in maternal brains affecting the female cognitive function in general and spatial perception in particular. Showing the structural changes during the first few months of pregnancy, these studies make attempts to explain the underlying reasons of these modifications and major influential factors having impact upon these processes. The results of most studies have demonstrated the direct relationship between the female reproductive status, hormonal changes and improvement of spatial perception in mothers regarding both offspring-directed and non-offspring directed components of the maternal behavior. There is a link between hormonal fluctuations and alterations in structure of hippocampal neurons and corresponding improvement of cognitive function (Kinsley et al., 2006; Lemaire et al., 2006; Kinsley and Lambert, 2008). However, evaluating the results of their research, Christensen and Leach (2010) concluded that there is no relationship between pregnancy and changes in women’s spatial perception, explaining the results of other studies supporting the opposite hypothesis with the limitations of research design and biased sampling. After investigation of the alterations in maternal brains and corresponding improvement of spatial perception, it has been concluded that these neural changes are preserved long after the last pregnancy (Macbeth and Luine, 2006; Pawluskiet al. 2009). It means that motherhood experience has a positive impact upon women’s cognitive function in general. Taking into account the fact that the neuronal alterations affect both offspring-directed and non-offspring directed activities and are preserved throughout the woman’s lifespan, it can be concluded that the improvement of spatial perception is important for ensuring offspring survival but is predetermined with the motherhood-induced processes in the female organism as opposed to theories linking these shifts with instinctual state (Kim et al., 2010). Pawluski, Walker and Galea (2008) concluded that the maternal behavior which is necessary for achieving reproductive success and taking care of offspring is a significant influential factor affecting the female cognition function and spatial perception. Bodensteiner et al. (2006) in their turn have proven that reproductive status has more impact upon working spatial memory. In general, the neural changes, improvement of spatial perception and the behavior necessary for successful fulfillment of maternal functions are interrelated. Analyzing the mechanisms of neuronal alterations in major sectors of pregnant women’s brains, the researcher determined major influential factors affecting the intensity of changes. Thus, in the first place, the reproductive status and age have been identified as the main parameters having impact upon the changes in mothers’ spatial perception (Pawluski et al., 2009). The diet peculiarities in general and the zinc substance in particular are recognized as another significant factor having effect upon the mechanisms of neuronal changes. Stoecker et al. (2009) concluded that zinc deficiency is an important parameter which needs to be taken into considerati