ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Porter’s Five Factor Model The restaurant industry remains competitive because of modernization, high speed Internet and other supplies that are likely to attract customers. Thus, it remains difficult for restaurants to sustain their competitive advantage. This implies that restaurants, which have remained successful over decades, know their abilities and brand identity. Such restaurants also understand activities of their competitors and what differentiate them from the rest. In addition, they also understand what factors drive their success (Sand 34). Therefore, it is necessary for the restaurant industry to understand applications of Porter’s five forces in their business. This must also consider the interconnection among services in the hospitality industry. Competition creates differences in returns among firms in the same industry. In addition, market conditions can also influence profitability of firms. According to Michael Porter, there are five forces, which affect performance of a company. Restaurants can use various resources to create competitive advantage. Such competitive strategies can enhance profitability and competition if sustained over time. Porter identified these five forces as “barriers to entry, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers and sellers, and the rivalry among existing competitors” (Porter 5). Porter identified these factors based available resources for companies. The five factors have their relevance on restaurants. Threat of Substitute Goods The restaurant industry remains competitive due to their close location to each other. In addition, their prices vary in range coupled with different levels of services and facilities. As a result, customers have considerable challenges when making decision regarding a specific restaurant. In this sense, customers can look at additional facilities in restaurants that can fit their tastes. For instance, restaurants of the US may differentiate themselves with the high speed Internet facilities, pools, self-service, delivery service and other services, which customers may find convenient. Restaurants, which have such services, are threats to their competitors (Charles and Gareth 102). Restaurants can introduce new services or marketing campaigns that can create stiff competition in the industry. As a result, a number of restaurants have gone out of business or joined chains of franchises in the US. The industry also faces stiff competition from other products from convenience stores, grocery stores, delis, clubs and other outlets that serve meals. Still, home cooking also remains a serious challenger to the industry. Bargaining Power of Buyers Customers in the hospitality industry are demanding and hard to please. This is because they want values for their spending.
Introduction The aviation industry has emerged as one of the most dynamic and fastest growing sectors of the global economy. This rapid growth has brought forth both opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, the increasing demand for air transport has enabled this industry to remain productive even in the face of financial uncertainty (Boxall & Purcell 2012). On the other hand, the threat of new entrants (particularly the low-cost airliners) has intensified completion (Balmforth 2009). As such, the momentum of change and the shifting landscape has increased the need for a new generation of leaders (Bratton & Good 2012). One of the challenges that the airline CEO faces now is adopting strategic practices that will facilitate talent management. Virgin Atlantic is one of the most progressive airliners that have maintained their competitive edge despite the turbulences in the aviation industry. The company has experienced unprecedented growth over the years by expanding into various global destinations. Virgin Atlantic stands out as one of the most successful companies in the United Kingdom in terms of market value and competiveness. The company’s success story means that it has adopted sound human resource practices to sustain its growth (Balmforth 2009). Bakker and Schaufeli (2008) have asserted that the human resource function plays a significant role in enhancing productivity, which translates into profitability. This report will review the human resources practices that Virgin Atlantic has adopted over the years to maintain its competitiveness. The report will emphasize the role of employee involvement and engagement. In addition, the ensuing discussions will also analyse the leadership styles that are effective in encouraging employee involvement and engagement in the company. Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) has increasing become a norm in HRM practices. This report will also analyse the role of SHRM with particular reference to the delegation of HR functions to the line managers. Finally, the analysis will provide recommendations for enhancing the current HR practices. Employee Engagement and Involvement The airline industry is safety-sensitive, extremely competitive and technology –intensive. The combination of these aspects has critical implications for players in the sector in relation to organizational culture, strategy and management. The traditional top-down model of governance, operations and policy is increasingly becoming archaic and inappropriate (McLeod & Clarke 2009). The high knowledge base that characterises this service market calls for flexible and transformational leadership. In addition, the trend of globalisation has also necessitated the deve
Watergate is in the list of the words to arouse a variety of associations, predominantly unpleasant in this particular case, as it stands for American biggest political scandal. It revealed how a politician could stop at nothing in order to increase their power, which finally destroyed their career. Although the immediate political effect of the case happened to be less serious than it could have been, it left a considerable trace in history in a long-term perspective. In 1972, the contemporary president Richard Nixon was running for re-election on the background of social tensions resulting from the Vietnam War, which determined the need for an especially forceful presidential campaign. He and his advisers apparently decided to discredit his Democratic opponent, hence grow more attractive for voters; that, in turn, meant seeking for damaging materials. In an attempt to do so, participants of Nixon’s Committee to Re-Elect the President broke into Watergate headquarters of the Democratic National Committee. They “stole copies of top-secret documents and bugged the office’s phones,” which was illegal espionage ( Watergate Scandal , 2021, para. 4). The burglars’ connection to the president was not immediately apparent but suspected after detecting copies of re-election committee’s phone number among their personal possessions. Nixon did not admit his involvement in the burglary in order not to lose votes. The population believed him and re-elected him successfully, but it became clear in a while that he had lied. “A great deal of the credit for uncovering the detail” belongs to Washington Post reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward ( Watergate Scandal , 2021, para. 5). In particular, it was revealed that a range of Nixon’s aides, including the contemporary White House council named John Dean, had been aware of his abuse of presidential power. The cover-up began to unravel relatively soon, considering the scope of the crime. Some of the members of Nixon’s Committee to Re-Elect who took part in the burglary began to “crack under the pressure” by early 1973 ( Watergate Scandal , 2021, para. 12). The above-mentioned reporters along with some of Senate investigating committee members suspected the presence of some big scheme behind their actions and sought to check the hypothesis. A substantial share of information came through from the former associate director of the FBI who remained anonymous till 2005. What Nixon had done qualified at the same time as an obstruction of justice, a power abuse, and a violation of Constitution; in addition, he tried to cover up the crime. That was a sufficient reason for the House Judiciary Committee to vote for impeachment ( Watergate Scandal, 2021). The president was bound to resign, which had a substantial effect on political life in the USA by aggravating the disappointment associated with the war and fostering cynicism in the population. I find such a response absolutely adequate, as I would feel the same if I revealed that my president had lied to the nation. By contrast, Watergate had positive results
Introduction In a modern competitive environment, it is quite difficult for luxury brands to keep the market position and maintain efficiency. The majority of experts have inclined to the statement that a key factor in the success of the most luxury brands is a loyalty of consumers. Any luxury brand creates a certain impression that appears inevitably as soon as customers learn about the product (Heine 2012). However, this impression needs to be continuously supported. In this regard, the paper aims at the analysis of how luxury brands can create value through brand and retail experiences. Luxury Brand First of all, it is essential to specify the term of a brand. It is a kind of perception of the product in the minds of consumers (Chevalier & Mazzalovo 2012). The process of creating and managing the brand is called branding. The latter usually includes the creation, enhancement, repositioning, and renovation stages of brand development (Goodson 2012). The branding is a special technique for creating experiences that contribute to the overall image and target market maintenance. It should be noted that any luxury brand, be it high-quality jewellery or perfume, has a unique set of associations that currently are in the minds of customers (Hennigs et al. 2013). In their turn, these associations express what the brand means right now. Brand Experience Nowadays one might note that the brand experience is steadily changing. If earlier the luxury buying experience was of great significance, now customers tend to value the very product. Adams (2013, para. 3) considers that “luxury consumers value easy shopping and product experience that feels luxurious”. In other words, the luxury brand itself becomes the most pivotal issue. In this regard, the brand experience is one of the keys in creating the brand value that consists of such facets as “distribution, products, services, and communication” (Kapferer 2012, p. 278). Also, luxury requires years of performance and plenty of investments to become a high-profit brand. It is essential then to focus on the core trade product. For example, Rolex focuses on watches production, Chanel on perfume, and Hermes on high fashion luxury goods ( Brand value of the leading ten most valuable luxury brands worldwide in 2016 in million U.S. dollars 2016). Following the above rule, luxury brands can significantly increase their value. In the framework of the globalization, the next aspect of growing the brand value might be a global expansion. Foreign customers make a great part of the overall profits of luxury companies (Bastien 2013). For example, Gianni Versace, a founder of the fashion empire, pioneered the creation of luxury brand hotels. The first Palazzo Versace Hotel appeared in 2000 in Australia, and the entire fashion empire possesses 16 luxury hotels around the world including in Goa, Paris, London, Rome, and Dubai (Grigorian & Petersen 2014). These premium-class hotels located all over the world are the most important sources of the brand’s value. However, when choosing a luxury, people prefer to buy a product with a rich culture and ethnic authenticity (Pinkhasov & Nair 2014). Savi
Introduction Change in every situation is inevitable as new issues usually crop up and necessitate adjustments. Change is however taken differently by those affected as some prefer to maintain their old ways of doing things while others are ready to absorb and appreciate changes especially when it is to their benefit. This piece of work gives an insight to the changes that are to take place in the United States’ schools and the society at large and the different ways in which the changes are received by different persons for instance the teachers, administrators and the parents. It also provides some recommendations or ways of dealing with the different reactions so as to come to a consensus. With the economic conditions the way they are in the United States, many parents feel they both must work. What suggestions as a potential administrator would you make to parents regarding their school-age children? Different aspects in the world are interdependent and they tend to affect each other either directly or indirectly for instance the economic, political, social and even cultural factors affect a situation either positively or negatively depending on the impacts experienced. The hard-economic conditions in the United States of America has greatly affected the way of life of the people as they feel they have to work a little bit harder so as to satisfy their increasing needs. Increase in population size has particularly brought about increase in the level of poverty among the American people as competition for resources become stiff as each and every person try to make ends meet. Parents with school going children find themselves in situations that force them to be both working to deal with high economic conditions like high housing and food prices and also school fees. Parents should however under all circumstances make sure that their children’s needs are taken care of and also ensure that they have adequate time to discuss school related issues with their children. As educators, we have no control over who is poor and who is not. In what ways do schools make poor children second-class citizens, and what can we do to prevent this from occurring? Different people including children have different wealth levels; some are rich while others are poor. The differences are quite evident from the way people behave or respond to issues in life. Schools make poor children second-class citizens through the discrimination and poor treatment on them in comparison with the rich children. Even though we do not have control over who is poor or rich, we should always try to equalize the children by provision of equal opportunities and treatments and most importantly encouraging associations like group discussions and games among the children from rich and poor families. Unmarried mothers are usually at the high school level, although not always. What educational options does your district offer for young unmarried mothers? How are these options conveyed to the pregnant teenager? Single parenthood is not the best to school going childre
Introduction Postmodernism (as introduced by Foucault) is a “social philosophy that looks to substitute the fizzled philosophies that guaranteed freedom from need” (Venkateswaran et al., 2019, p. 89). Postmodernism in the context of social work: refusal to follow the grand social change theories. Postmodern principles in social work: locally targeted approaches. Implications of postmodernism in social work: client-oriented strategies. Significance of postmodernism in a corporate setting: an opportunity for a targeted framework for a specific family setting. Implications: the ability to address culture-specific issues when developing an intervention. Social Constructivism Social constructivism: another framework for addressing clinical tasks and responsibilities. Social constructivism: “collaborative co-construction of knowledge” (Batten & Ross, 2021, para. 1). Role of social constructivism in the clinical setting: a basis for cross-disciplinary cooperation. Opportunity for managing data effectively and addressing the needs of customers as expeditiously as possible. Main premise: learning environment as the gateway into the wider community of learning. Opportunities: introduction of multiple perspectives into social ad scholarly discussions, thus, building upon the current knowledge basis. Assessing an Event Event to analyze: the changes in the public health rates due to the continuous effects of the coronavirus. Effects of social constructivism on the subject at hand: gradual identification of the probable solution and the creation of the vaccine. Reasons for the effects to be observed: increased collaboration across disciplines among experts on an international and intercultural level (Omodan & Tsotetsi, 2020). Outcomes: increased understanding of the subject matter and insights into the reasons for people avoid following the prescribed health management strategies. Event Analysis Target event: the explosion of cases of the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting social and professional responses. General trend: focus on shared knowledge as the means of handling the issue. The exponential rise in anxiety and the levels of fear, as well as an increase in false information among the public. Postmodern perspective: factors including the broad availability of data sources (for the general public) and the emphasis on interdisciplinary work within the clinical setting (for healthcare experts). My Identity: Analysis Personal identity: immutable characteristics (race, sex, age). Sociocultural characteristics (temper, values, philosophy, religion, ethics). Strong understanding of the importance of diversity. Appreciation for learning as the basis for self-improvement. Further course of development: emphasis on academic efforts; active learning of other cultures; development of the professional and interpersonal dialogue with members of other cultures and ethnicities. Personal Perception of Knowledge Personal perception of knowledge: a structure with neatly organized concepts and delineated connections. Interpretation of knowledge: a product of both collective effort and personal work. Collaboration and knowledge sharing a
Introduction Effective leadership plays a vital role to develop the company; therefore, business organizations have leaders to protect the organizational culture and concentrate on the mission of the companies. However, the leadership problem arises in the family business in most of the cases, for instance, unresolved conflict, mismanagement, and different views are the key problems in this field. Business owners can deal with these issues successfully when good relationship among the members create and ensure flexible and secure business environment. However, family business environment can change at any time for different reasons, such as, divorce, financial crises, health issues, obscure leadership approach and clear strategies, succession, ineffective remuneration policy, favouritism, no unified objective, unskilled human resource, and so on (“EMyth: The Challenges of a Family Business” par.2). Research Aims and Questions   * How non-family member leaders can contribute for the development of family business and national economy;   * The extent to which family members accept the decisions of the leaders of non-family members;   * Assess the impact of non-family member leaders on the stakeholders; Contributions of research to business organizations The proposed research will enhance and broaden present theoretical perceptions on the effectiveness of non-family member leaders in family business; in addition, it will encourage other researchers to use the result of proposed research for the future research. In addition, the proposed dissertation will assist the family members of the family business in the UK and other nations in order to identify the loopholes of the business and restructure organizations considering the outcome of this result regarding the effectiveness of non-family member leaders. Reason for Study Cable (6) reported that there were more than 3 million family businesses in the United Kingdom, and these firms provided about 9.2 million jobs (40% of total private sector employment), and generated revenues of £1.1 trillion in 2010 (35% of private sector turnover). Moreover, Cable (6) further addressed that family businesses have significant role to shape the national economy (in 2010, it contributed £81.7bn in tax receipts or 14% of total government revenues) for which it is essential to manage such business by improving leadership quality and increasing labour productivity; as a result, this is one of the most important area of research. Literature Review Klein (1) explored that it is very important to investigate the function of non-family leaders in the family business; however, it is also essential to compare their role with the leaders appear from the family orientation; such comparison would provide a greater understanding to develop a business model that ultimately resolve the theoretic debate regarding the role of non-family leaders. In order to conduct literature search, this study wo
Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that is associated with chronic inflammatory polyarthritis. The symptoms of any immunological inflammatory syndrome can be detected in several body joints. The effect of rheumatoid arthritis spreads over five or more joints. The synovial membrane is the first part of the body that feels the impact of any immunological disorder. It is from this part that the condition spreads to other body parts. This paper narrows down to investigate the means through which age, at the onset affects the results of autoimmune maladies. Several of these conditions are affected as the effect cuts across the age bracket to affect children, the adult and the elderly. The article under analysis in this paper was written by four authors with diverse knowledge and skills in the field of human health. The paper reviews how the age at onset affects various immune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis. The article analyzed is “How Age at Onset Influences the Outcome of Autoimmune”, written by Manuel, Amador, Rodriguez and Ortiz (2011). Introduction Immunological disorders are the conditions that come about when the immune system attacks itself. The antibodies that are supposed to fight foreign pathogens turn against the body. This means that the immune system shows aggression towards its body tissues as if they are foreign pathogens. Autoimmune disorders consist of several conditions that are connected to different diseases and syndromes. Most of the people who are affected are women who entail more than half of the five percent of the total population that is affected (Frisancho & Rose, 2008). With about five percent of the population affected by one or more conditions of the immunological condition, it means that the condition is prevalent and that is why a lot of time has been spent on analyzing the effects and causes of the syndromes. The effect of age on this conditions and especially rheumatoid has been delved into by several scholars among them Amador-Oataryo, Gladis Montoya-Ortiz, Manuel Alberto Rodriguez and Adriana Rojass-Vilarraga (Manuel, Amador, Rodriguez & Ortiz, 2011). Some of these conditions of immunological disorders including rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren’s syndrome are closely related. Historically, three causes of rheumatoid arthritis that can be traced. They include polycyclic syndrome where the intensity of the condition changes during the course of the disease. Monocyclic condition occurs once, then that diminishes within a period of five years after the first diagnoses. This type of conditi