ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Gang activity remains a major problem in the United States with its history dating back to more than two hundred years ago. Although the understanding of the causes of formation of gangs could be of significance, many analysts argue that the history of gangs is intertwined with several issues ranging from social, political to economical. The question many have asked is how gang activities became a threat to a point of concern. This paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the history of gangs in America. To achieve this objective, this synthesis mainly focuses on the timeline of events and activities which characterized several gangsters and gang groups in America from 1800s to date. Gangsters in 1800s History records that gangs began establishing themselves during the early immigration of people to America. These people mainly migrated from poverty stricken countries and entered America in search for better life in terms of socialization and protection (Berger & Worth, 2001). They had shared background with regard to race and ethnicity with the first gang group, “The Five Points” which established itself in New York City. Another gang that was formed in 1826 was “Forty Thieves”, led by Edward Coleman. Due to government corruption, gangs operated with a lot of ease (Kyanka, 2001). They looted and committed other criminal activities without being charged for offense by the police. The end of the Civil War saw Italian, African, Irish and Jewish gangs commence in New York. Philadelphia became a home for over a hundred gangs by 1870 having entered the city in 1840. During this time, most gangs identified themselves through distinctive clothing (Berger & Worth, 2001). Gangs from 1900 In early 1900s, gangs were not yet well organized and most of them especially street gangs were dirty and homeless young people who spent most of their time playing and perusing newspapers. They engaged in activities like loitering on the streets and vandalism. In 1920s, the number of gangs in Chicago exponentially increased turning into a capital city for several gangs (Kyanka, 2001). Close to 1,300 gang groups and over twenty five thousand members, existed in the city with immigration of people being a major contributor. Moreover, Africa-Americans formed their first gang in early 1930 in Los Angeles, forming other clubs in the outskirts of the city for networking of their activities (Berger & Worth, 2001). “Boozies” mainly hung where the current 105 Freeway is located and they engaged in robbery and prostitution among other criminal offences. According to research findings, the “magnificents” operated in the eastside on Los Angels, where they too got involved in a series of criminal offences. Nevertheless, the groups weakened and died off as the youths advanced in age. The arrival of half a million people in the United States between 1941 and 1945 led to the increase in population of main towns like New York leading to the emergence of new gangs (Berger & Worth, 2001). 1950s Gangs This period saw the rising of more organized gangs than before. They changed
Abstract The paper is focused on the evaluation of the IT global strategies of ADMA-OPCO. The innovations in the sphere of oil and gas segment are essential as the company is experiencing rapid growth, and thus, should deal with it appropriately. ITD allows the corporation to manage the growth effectively, and, in addition, contributes to better service delivery and improvement of the working process. The statistics and data presented in the paper contribute to better involvement into the issue and provide some insights regarding the effectiveness of the implemented approaches. IT technologies seem to be an essential component in the development of the company, and thus, receive the priority. The digital era and globalization influence the way the companies function. The paper aims to investigate whether the implementation of IT strategies positively affects the work of the ADMA-OPCO. The current position of ADMA-OPCO ADMA-OPCO is a state-owned enterprise that is responsible for the exploration and development of oil and gas sector. Over the past few years, the company has gained a positive reputation in the oil and gas industry. Operations/activities Becoming a fully state-owned company in 1971, ADMA-OPCO has since experienced impressive growth, significantly investing in oil production. Today the company has 11 subsidiaries, covering all areas of the oil and gas industry, including drilling (onshore and offshore), technical support operations in the Gulf, transport tankers, distribution of oil and oil products, and the production of fertilizers ( Operations & production , 2015). Vision The ADMA-OPCO aims to become a premier company in terms of gas and oil production. Moreover, their vision is centered on reaching the highest effectiveness, innovation of technologies, and maximizes value. Mission The fundamental mission is to develop oil and gas sector and improve cost-effectiveness standard. In addition, the company aims to maintain the highest HSE. Objectives Objectives of the company are closely related to its mission. Automating management, development of online systems of monitoring, fostering the development through innovations and IT technologies are the primary objectives of the company. The theories and models of ADMA-OPCO The expansion of the company demands the improvement and innovations of the approaches that are used by ADMA-OPCO. The business transforms and becomes complex, and thus, the implementation of the IT strategies seems to be essential for consideration and future success of the corporation. The primary goal of the company is to improve the production and to reach the index of 1 million of barrels production every day. The company implements ITD to foster the development and improve collaboration. The key IT strategic challenges Challenges The fundamental purpose of the IT strategies of ADMA-OPCO is to provide the automation of the processes. The primary concern is to make a transition from the service provider to the type of business that creates value. The IT strategies face challenges constantly, and thus, the company needs to make sure that their strategies are capable not only to overcome
Several similarities exist between the textbook concepts and the Baldridge criteria on the operation focus. Both works of literature emphasize the organization’s need to manage its resources to meet the patient, suppliers, contractors, and other collaborators’ expectations in delivering healthcare services. According to Schulingkamp and Latham (2015), “the advantage of better management of external and internal resources is necessary for providing healthcare services” as it is vital for the organization’s success (p. 98). For effective continuous management of projects, healthcare organizations need to align their goals with the available resources. Adequate assessment of the external environment is widely acknowledged in both texts. On the other hand, differences are seen in the textbook and Baldridge criteria. In the textbook, leaders’ roles and a well-articulated mission and vision in achieving the organization’s goals are emphasized. On the contrary, Schulingkamp and Latham (2015) argued that Baldridge’s criteria stress the need to “utilize performance improvement tools to deliver services effectively” (p. 304). The textbook promotes the Dashboard tool and the Balanced Scorecard for monitoring an organization’s performance. In contrast, Harrison (2016) indicated that Baldridge suggests utilizing the “Six Sigma, Lean Enterprise System, and Plan Check Do Act methods” (p. 113). However, Baldridge’s criteria show the healthcare organization’s central place as a first responder for emergencies occurring in the community, unlike the textbook. Healthcare organizations need to do a practical analysis of the available resources to attain their goals. According to Harrison (2016), strategic planning of the organization also entails creating a mission and vision that “portrays the organization’s aspirations, including the ways to achieve these objectives” (p. 108) The external and internal environment analysis with continuous monitoring for improvement with the necessary tools is also required for the organization’s success in providing services to patients, suppliers, and other stakeholders.
Introduction Before starting a business abroad, one should pay close attention to the political, economic, social, and technological environment of a specific state. Furthermore, it is critical to focus on the cultural values and behavioral norms which are established in a particular country. These steps are essential for identifying and eliminating possible risks. Moreover, in this way, one can better understand the competitive environment of a particular market. In turn, the company named Quebec Wood Export Bureau intends to start its operations in Germany. This research paper will include the use of such tools as PEST analysis and Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimensions since they are very helpful for the analysis of a foreign environment. These are the main details that should be examined in greater detail. Political factors Overall, Germany can be described as a representative republic which lays stress on the liberal values such as freedom of the press, unlimited trade, and respect for the rights of an individual (Anderson, 2000, p. 8). The legislative power in this state belongs to the two divisions of parliament, namely Bundesrat and Bundestag. In turn, the authority of the president is very limited. Thus, one can say that the policies of the government do not depend on the decisions of only one individual. Furthermore, one should keep in mind that Bundesrat is composed of people who represent various federal lands of the country. In turn, this structure ensures that the interests of different regions are adequately protected by the state. Furthermore, the functioning of this government is based on the division of powers. For instance, the courts of this country are not dependent on the executive and legislative branches of the government. On the whole, this division is vital for upholding the democratic rights of citizens. Similarly, this safeguard is also vital for the functioning of various enterprises that often have disputes with one another. In turn, when speaking about the political environment of the country, one should speak about the protection of individual and property rights in this country. This is one of the reasons this state has attracted considerable investment from various countries. In turn, the investments made by the Quebec Wood Export Bureau will be effectively protected by the state. This is one of the points that can be made. Additionally, Germany is a country with a high degree of political stability. Its political course may not be reversed dramatically. This is another reason why many entrepreneurs choose to bring capital to this state. So, the political environment of Germany promotes the development of economy in the country. Therefore, the Quebec Wood Export Bureau can operate in this country since the interests of this organization will be effectively safeguarded by the state. Overall, Germany can be viewed as a well-deve
Introduction This paper provides a brief discussion of the various aspects of writing a research paper. It defines the term “project” as used in the field of Information Technology, and the importance of setting deliverables and deadlines in project development. In addition, the paper clarifies the distinction between qualitative and quantitative research, and between plagiarism and self-plagiarism. Finally, it asserts the importance of academic integrity and the relevance of APA7 basic citation in academic writing. What Is Information Technology Project? As the term suggests, an Information Technology project is an undertaking that involves the application of IT concepts to achieve the stated objectives. The Project Management Body Knowledge (PMBK) defines a project as “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result” (Moeller, 2010, p. 376). In the context of IT, a project may be defined as a short-term endeavor designed to create unique solutions, services, or products. The Major Parts of a Research Paper A research paper contains several parts, which collectively contribute to the quality of its content. They include the title, the abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, recommendations, conclusion, and references. Title The title is a topical heading that captures the focus of the research paper. It highlights the purpose of the paper, the key concepts discussed in the paper, or the outcomes of an experiment/study (Rumrill et al, 2000). A good title should give the reader a clear picture of what the research is about. This aspect of the title helps the reader to make a quick decision on whether they would want to read the whole paper, depending on their research interest. Abstract Also known as an executive summary, the abstract is a brief description of the research. It outlines the methodology used (sampling and experiment procedures), the findings, and the recommendations. The abstract should be concise enough, typically between 100 to 150 words (Rumrill et al, 2000). This part provides the reader with information about the research, but in a more detailed manner than the title. For instance, the executive summary outlines the scope, setting, sample size, methodology, and of course, findings. This information is enough for the reader to decide whether the rest of the paper is worth reading. For this purpose, while the abstract should be as concise as possible, it should capture all the essential aspects of the research. Introduction The introduction is a part that sets the stage for the paper by orienting the reader with the topic, the purpose of the study, and expected outcomes. Introduction directly addresses the following questions:   * Why is the topic of the research significant?   * What have previous studies found about the topic?   * How do publish works connect to the research questions of the present study?   * How does the researcher intend to answer the study’s questions, and what are the predicted outcomes? (Rumrill et al, 2000). In response to the above questions, introductory sections outline three elements of th
Introduction The free market theory refers to the ethical perspective that the sole responsibility of business executives is to maximize profits by engaging in legal activities. A free market is an economy in which buyers and sellers engage in trade based on the forces of demand and supply with no government interference through taxation, subsidies, and regulation. Milton Friedman supported the free market theory by emphasizing the importance of freedom in all activities, including economic transactions. He asserts that the government’s involvement in the market should be limited to the prevention of fraud and the maintenance of the market’s integrity. Friedman also argued for the implementation of a negative income tax to ensure equality in the society. Finally, he argued for a free society in which there is a volunteer military, free choice of schools, and elimination of licenses. I will argue that Friedman’s defense of the free market theory fails to explain the realities of contemporary economies. Friedman’s Arguments Friedman stated four main reasons to support his argument for the free market theory. First, he argued that the sole social responsibility of a firm in a free market is to maximize profits. Thus, private firms are expected to channel their resources only to projects or activities that lead to increased profits. This means that businesses should avoid unprofitable corporate social responsibilities such as funding education. The argument on profit maximization is based on the rights theory, which emphasizes the superiority of an individual’s rights. Concisely, managers have a legal right to maximize profits. Thus, entrepreneurs should be free to engage in any legal business activity that leads to high profits. However, their activities should conform to the constitutional laws and ethical standards. Second, he argues that government intervention in the economy should be abolished since it is ethically wrong and leads to high inefficiency. This argument is based on the premise that a market that is free of government interference will enable consumers to make the best choices in terms of the goods and services that they want. According to Friedman, the roles of the government should include the provision of services such as defense, education, and enforcement of laws that facilitate free and fair competition. Friedman believed that the government’s involvement in production leads to the creation of m
Introduction It would be grave injustice writing about law and philosophy without having an in-depth analysis of the opinions of Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke and Mills. To start with, Thomas Hobbes is said to be one of the greatest philosophers of all time. His philosophy was developed at a time when England was going through struggles and notable achievements in classical literature. The fact that he lived at a time of two main revolutions is substantially reflected in his philosophy. His argument about nature and human beings was to the effect that human beings are in constant motion. He clearly emphasized the distinction between human beings motion and other particles in the universe. In arriving at that distinction, two motions in human beings were identified. They include; the vital motion and the voluntary motion. The motions are triggered by other forces. For instance, voluntary motion was driven by selfish interests. In other words, the existence of a voluntary act was through selfish motives. Thomas Hobbes argument In answering the question on when the government is justified in compelling its citizens to obey the laws, he observed that the conflicts in achieving the desires could be controlled by the obedience of the said laws. Disobedience of the laws was bound to occur since human beings concern was to satisfy their desires. The selfish interests of human beings could be controlled by the government forcing them to act towards the common good. According to Hobbes, the voluntary motions dictated the behaviour of human beings either by moving closer to the things they liked or moving away from the things they hated. His opinion on the state of nature was to the effect that human beings were in a constant, continuous struggle. He opined that the said struggle was due to clashes between personal, egoistic motives. The said conflict resulted in suffering, fear and endless conflict. The search for felicity aggravated the conflict between human beings. His views were in support of the monarchy authority which did not allow democracy. The existence of the compelling authority rendered the notion of the social contract inapplicable. John Locke’s philosophy John Locke writings substantially contributed to political philosophy. His definition of the state of nature was contrary to Hobbes. Locke observed that the state of nature was made up of peaceful situation of strong will and mutual assistance between individuals. He believed that all human beings were born with God gave rights. He stated that the crucial weakness identified in a state of nature was the lack of authority to enforce the said rights. He denounced absolutism and argued that the ruler was supposed to exercise power with the cons
Introduction Although Buddha was a religious philosopher, his philosophy of ‘The Middle Way’ shows several similarities with Aristotle’s theory of virtue and moderation. Noteworthy, Aristotle was a philosopher with little links to religion. The purpose of this paper is to review each of the two theories and develop a comparison between them. Aristotle’s virtue and moderation ethics Aristotle argues that an individual develops partly from his or her upbringing and partly from the habit adapted in action. Human character partly comes from habit. Aristotle likens human character to such things as skills, which are obtained from the interaction with the environment. Each character displayed by humans can be excellent or deficient. Being on the extremes of “excess” or “deficiency” causes an individual to go beyond the norm. Buddha’s Middle Way The middle way, as described by Siddhartha Gautama, is a character of the middle path or central way through which humans archive liberation. Buddha uses this term in reference to the noble pathway or middle way that helps people achieve Nirvana. This term is in contrast to the paths of extremities described by eternalism and annihilationism that may lead humans out of the virtue. According to Buddha, this path passes between the extremities and uses wisdom. In addition, Buddha says that the extremities of sensual indulgence and self-mortification are not good because they are vices in nature and lead humans astray because they are not based on the light of wisdom. Comparison The two theories advocate for a middle position between tow edges of extremities. They argue that a person can remain ethical (in Aristotle’s theory) and righteous (in Buddha’s advice) if they choose between the extremities of good and evil. Being too good or too bad is not only wrong, but leads to the wrong state. Conclusion The two theories indicate that a morally right person (In Aristotle’s theory) and a righteous person (In Buddha’s theory) should “not go to the extremes”.