ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Decision makers in China are a monolithic group which consist of the elites and thus share the same views, values, and visions and are always engaged in a force which consist of zero sum struggle for political power where the winner takes it all. In the fifth generation, dynamic inter-dependence in China and its growing diversity in leadership are evident among the competing factions and it is indicated by the allotting of equal number of seats in the supreme decision making organs which are the most powerful camps in the fifth generation. This indicates the willingness to cooperate showing a source of strength since their leadership is complemented. the overall concept that entails how power ought to be balanced definitely results to abroad spectrum of ideas which include the incorporation of the economic dependency ,protection of the environment and the emulation of the conditions that favor justice.But other factors described below show a sign of weakness. The emerging fifth generation is likely to face challenges of producing elite harmony and unity within their pack more than the leaders of the previous generation because over three decades China has been in transform away from the rule by a charismatic single and a one powerful leader, they are heading towards a more collective form of leadership ending the era of the strong men politics and its long history of one lone individual arbitrary decision making. A collective leadership makes decision making process to be difficult, more complicated and takes a long time to reach a conclusion and at times leading to deadlock. The second part of it is that in China the ruling elite were homogeneous in their sociological and professional backgrounds and therefore the second generation was composed of communist revolutionary veterans with backgrounds as peasants and soldiers while those who made the third and forth generations were engineers turned technocrats and the fifth generation is thus argued to be the most elite generation in the PRC’s history due to its class background, education credentials, career paths and political association (Li & Thornton). In essence the disparity that entails amid the management of the situations and the occupational knowledge in the leadership arena acts a s a basis of tension within Chinas managers At this age is when China is receiving and facing a multiple of daunting problems like growing economic disparities, repeated industrial and environmental disasters and the common social unrest.
Executive Summary In the modern world, globalization is gradually gaining influence. While its volume and progression are already well-established, its impact on the economic, social, and political spheres of life is debatable. It is common to see indications that it disrupts regional business practices and undermines the carefully conceived economic stability of developing countries. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that the long-term net effect of globalization is actually beneficial for both sides of the process. The following report explores the evidence behind the claims of both the advocates and the opponents of globalization and one of its prominent manifestations—foreign direct investment (FDI) to determine whether its effect could be used for a project aimed at decreasing unemployment rate on a local scale. Secondary research reveals two distinct approaches visible in the literature, both of which offer some useful methods and tools for the project. The first approach views globalization mostly as beneficial for overall redistribution of wealth but disruptive for countries with advanced economies. According to this viewpoint, FDI is undesirable since it introduces competition, which can be viewed as unfair. However, it also offers tools (e.g., education) that are equally applicable for projects that do not distance themselves from globalization. The second way of addressing unemployment associated with the expansion of global markets can be broadly described as utilizing globalization to leverage the current situation in favor of the job market. Its proponents usually view FDI as beneficial for the locale’s economic health and encourage policymakers to create a more welcoming environment for foreign investors. This approach offers insight on how to regulate the effect of FDI by utilizing available levers (e.g., policies). Based on the findings, we were able to come up with a set of recommendations that offer the most improvements for the employment situation in our local community. First, the economic environment should be studied to identify tendencies and trends in the labor market and capture essential data. This step should include surveys and interviews that would improve understanding of the current shortcomings in education and training of employees and research exploring the dynamics of immigration and its impact on employment in the local community. At the same time, local businesses must be surveyed for readiness to implement the desired policy changes. Second, the obtained data must be studied to determine what fields present the biggest capacity f
The article I have selected is titled; Plugging Holes and is taken from The Economist print edition of March 13, 2008. This article is related to chapter nineteen i.e. Understanding Money, Banking and Credit of our book. It is specifically related to the content about Federal Reserve System covered in the text. The article discusses “the turmoil in the credit markets” (Plugging Holes). It highlights the defensive mechanisms put in place by the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) to tackle this turmoil. The Fed is providing a liquidity cushion to the credit market by a “new scheme under which the central bank would provide up to $200 billion of Treasury bond to market-makers in return for dodgier assets, such as mortgage-backed securities” (Plugging Holes). Doing so it is directly serving the purpose of its mission; “to maintain an economically healthy and financially sound business environment in which banks can operate” (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 632). Pride, Hughes & Kapoor cite in the text book that monitoring the nation’s money supply(through its monetary policy) to provide impetus for economic growth, is the most important function of the Fed. The article sheds lights on desperate defensive measures undertaken by the Fed to address the volatility in the bonds and credit market. The investors in the credit market have become jittery and are unwilling to invest in riskier bonds and the demand for safer government securities has increased. The wider spreads and increased volatility has led banks to charge more to borrowers. This activates a loop of effects that dents the economy. As volatility increases, collaterals charged to borrowers increase, it puts upward pressure on interest rates in turn effecting borrowings and on the whole tainting economic progress. Therefore, the Fed is exercising control over credit market to safeguard economic interests and ease off volatility in the credit market. The Fed engages in Open Market Operations(OMOs) to control the money supply in the economy. By selling securities, money supply is contracted putting an upward pressure on interest rates, investment and consumption in economy is lowered and this slows down economic growth and vice versa. Banks and financial institutions are the main customers of government securities, therefore, lending and investment in economy is very responsive to OMOs. (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 634). Conducting OMOs is mainly to influence “the interest rate paid by a bank to borrow funds from another bank [i.e. federal funds rate]” (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 635). In the context of the article bringing about control measures in credit market serves two purposes of the Fed. It alleviates the harm caused by dysfunctional credit markets and reduces the pressure off lower interest rates, that the Fed has been using recently to fuel the slacking economy. The article states “before this week’s liquidity actions, financial markets expected another three-quarter point cut at the Fed’s next rate-setting meeting on March 18 th ”(Plugging Holes). Reviewing the latest Federal Open Market Co
Diary of Madman by Lu Xun “The moon is bright tonight. I had not seen it for thirty years; the sight of it today was extraordinarily refreshing. Tonight, I realized I had spent the past thirty years or more in a state of a dream; but I must still be careful. Why did the Zhaos’ dog look twice at me? I have reasons to be afraid ” (Xun 22). This passage is taken from the short story written by Lu Xun. It should be noted that an unnamed narrator is a person who once suffered from paranoia. This person attempts to adjust himself to life in the village; nevertheless, he gradually becomes overwhelmed by fear and suspicions. He believes that other residents of the village are cannibals. He begins to suspect even his brother and thinks that other people continuously watch him. The passage that has been taken for the analysis eloquently illustrates Lu Xun’s approach to writing. First of all, this author wants the readers to experience the feeling of suspense and anxiety. This is one of the reasons why he prefers first-person narration. One should note that Lu Xun was partly inspired by the novella written by Nicolai Gogol (Goldman 96). Similarly, Lu Xun also attempts to depict the society from the perspective of an insane person. One of the main peculiarities of Lu Xun’s writing is that he chooses to give tiny details that can enable the readers to understand the mental decline of the narrator. This passage that has been chosen illustrates his approach. The first sentences of this passage can be uttered by every person who walks at night and takes a glance at the Moon. Nevertheless, the later phases of the narrator indicate that his inner world is driven by paranoia, especially when he begins to speak about the dog that allegedly spies on him. Apart from that, Lu Xun uses various linguistic means to portray the personality of his characters. In this case, close attention should be paid to the sentence structure. The narrator’s utterances consist of very short clauses or sentences, and the transition bet
Green marketing has become a part of people’s lives due to the changing paradigm regarding people’s attitudes towards the environment. Ottman (2017) note that generations X, Y, Z, as well as baby boomers, are environmentally conscious, which results in the development of certain behavioral patterns. For instance, up to 84% of American shoppers note that they buy at least one green product regularly (Ottman, 2017). Clearly, various factors affect people’s mindsets, but it is also apparent that particular items and brands also shape people’s viewpoints and boost environmentally friendly trends. The present study will concentrate on the effects Tesla cars have had on people’s views regarding green technology, automotive market, innovation, as well as shoppers’ behaviors related to green products. The primary research question guiding this research is as follows: How have Tesla cars influences American consumers’ views and behaviors regarding green products? The supporting questions that will be instrumental in addressing the research questions include:  1. In what ways have Tesla cars affect car users’ views on green cars?  2. How have Tesla car marketing strategies influenced peoples’ buying behaviors?  3. What is the impact of Tesla car marketing strategies on peoples’ views on innovation and green products in general? In order to address the research question, it is possible to employ qualitative research design as the emphasis is on people’s views and attitudes rather than quantitative data. Focus group discussions can be an effective strategy as this method enables the researcher to include a considerable number of participants and analyze their perspectives. The focus groups will discuss Tesla cars, the way the company’s marketing strategies have affected them, and their attitude towards green products. Some messages delivered in terms of Tesla’s campaigns will be discussed, which presupposes the review of some sloga
Public relations can be defined as a management function which establishes and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the general public on whom its success or failure depends (Egan & Jefkins, 2004). Public relation has gone beyond the normal activity of communication. It now encompasses other activities that are aimed at improving the relationship of the organization and its clients (Egan & Jefkins, 2004). On the other hand, relationship marketing encompasses the act of business creating a mutually beneficial exchange with its partners (Egan & Jefkins, 2004). This aims at creating customer loyalty and interaction with the organization. This is achieved through delivering of customer information on needs under an open communication (Breakenridge, 2008). In this study, we look at the impacts of public relations transformations towards the changing society, the literature review behind the public relation and relationship supporting theories. Lastly, we assess the importance of public relations and relationship management on a particular organization, Winbeldon championship, and how it has helped it in its various relations with the members of the general public. The world has undergone various technological changes over the last few decades (Center & Jackson, 2003). This has resulted in changes to the society and the economy at large for various countries. One of the major revolutions in the technological change is in the introduction of computer based programs (Chaffey & Smith, 2008). The information revolution has led to changes in the way of doing business which in turn affects the public relations (Center & Jackson, 2003). The computers have made it easy to write, edit information, and send messages (Chaffey & Smith, 2008). There is also instant receiving of feedback from the respondent. Most services have also been transferred online such as bank services, library among others (Chaffey & Smith, 2008). The telephone industries with the help of computers have also come up with teleconferencing where people can meet and discuss various issues online. Through it, business can be able to reach out to clients and obtain information about their products. Apart from changing the structure of conducting business, there are also new opportunities that have come up as a due to changes in the information (Egan & Jefkins, 2004). These include opportunities such as upgraded research capabilities and electronic media, which helps in reaching out to stakeholders (Curtin & Gaither, 2007). PR experts can now send messages to specific audiences in various locations, job group categor
The Future of Polish Small and Medium-Sized Cosmetics Firms The story of the Polish cosmetics industry is one of triumph and inspiration. Having survived the transition to the market-driven economy, the small and medium-sized cosmetics firms find themselves operating in an environment replete with new challenges. These challenges include the entry of new competitors as well as highly dynamic market trends. Because the Polish cosmetics industry has become saturated with the entry of more players, the firms in the market need to adjust their business strategies both internally and externally, to survive. Holding on their market segments and share demands, the firms should adopt efficient approaches that can enable them to reach the markets in time (Rudawska, 2013). Significant investments may be required to acquire online platforms, which would allow the firms to reach new markets as well as acquire the ability to compete with the larger market players successfully. In my view, with the new marketing opportunities availed by social media, coupled with the fact that these firms are indigenous. The future of small and medium-sized firms can be consolidated by the exploitation of the accruing advantage over the competitors. Also, a well-integrated business process would be critical in shortening the value chain and growing the utility of the products the firms offer. However, I disagree with the manager’s statement that the multinationals buoyed by large capital resource alone will drive the small and medium-sized firms out of the market. About the manager’s statement, it is essential to understand that absolute control of a market requires more than capital (Rudawska, 2013). The role of the organization to secure a better future It would be recommended that the organization adopt better strategic approaches to remain a leader in the cosmetics industry. Of critical importance here is staff management and talent management (Rudawska, 2013). In a market with a high level of competition, employee turnover tends to be higher. As such, losing critical employees in the firm to the competitors can have detrimental effects on the firm’s long-term goals. In this sense, therefore, the laboratories may exploit strategic human resource methods to attract and retain human resource. Also, the approaches would significantly reduce staff mobility to ensure stability in the firm’s pursuit of its corporate objectives. Also, the laboratories need to invest in research and development projects so that th
The Ligand Company violated U.S. accounting standards and concepts, specifically U.S. GAAP when it understated its sales returns to present a better financial picture of the company. The research focuses on the Ligand violations of U.S. consistency, comaparability, and fair presentation standards and concepts (Bragg, 2007). The research focuses on the criticism on PCAOB for being too stringent. The financial statements must display the fair presentation of the organization’s business activities. International accounting standard 18 focuses on revenues. Revenue is income that is precipitates from the daily business activities of the company. Revenue is recorded when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow into the coffers of the company and the benefits can be measured (Bragg, 2007). Likewise, revenue represents the gross inflow of benefits from the daily business activities of the company. In this regard, sales return is a necessary accounting entry that reduces revenues to its net realizable. Gross sales less sales returns produces net sales; net sales is the revenue that represents the gross inflow of benefits from the company’s daily business operations. Likewise, international accounting standards 1, preparation of financial statements, discusses the intricacies of recording business transactions, including when, how, and how much should be recorded in terms of sales returns (www.IASB.com). Ligand failed to comply with the accounting standard and concept specially IAS 18 and IAS1. Ligand underestimated its sales return figures to show a fraudulent net revenue figure of only 2.5%. Ligand should present the real sales return figure which is higher. The higher sales return figure would reduce net revenues; this true net revenue estate presents a less favorable picture of Ligand when compared to the fraudulent net revenue shown in the Ligand financial statements. Fazio should use realistic figures such as the forecast done by Fazio’s auditing staff shown to be from 13% to 20%. Consequently, Fazio should not issue a non qualified opinion (Moeller, 2008). In response to the understatement of the sales returns, the external auditors should recommend an adjustment to the sales return figures from the erroneous 2.5% to the realistic figure; the realistic figure is from13% to 20%. Failure to comply with the audit recommendations would force the external auditors to avoid issuing a nonqualified opinion (Delaney &Whittington, 2010). From its creation, the PCAOB had many criticisms from many affected sectors, especially the external auditing firm. There have been many comp
Costco Wholesale Corporation (CWC) has a variety of marketing strategies accompanied with efficient shipping channels to facilitate distribution of products throughout the globe (Cascio 26). In addition, there are varieties of marketing technique applied to achieve the key business objectives especially in relation to the use of internet. In this regard, this section discusses the markets and strategic plan involved in attaining the business goals by reaching customers. Current Markets The CWC has attained many customers across the globe through assistance of social and mass media, posters, billboards and internet. The corporation has a website that allows people to buy and order items from across the globe. The products bought from the sites are paid using electronic money by the use of master cards, visa, Paypal, and Payoneer among many other ways (Cascio 28). However, the current market has been concentrated in the USA, Mexico, Canada and the UK (Cascio 29). It makes most sales accompanied with home deliveries in the United States. This factor implies that the internet is the main marketplace for the business where people buy items and wait for them to be delivered. The customers are distributed widely across the world depending on their needs and preferences for the products being marketed. New Markets The exploitation of the global markets through the use of websites and delivery programs has attained popularity in the 21 st century. Currently, the markets exploited by CWC are within four nations mentioned earlier. However, the business retains the opportunity to expand its markets in other nations. In fact, CWC has the capability to exploit potential regions like African nations, which have not exhausted the use of internet marketing. Even though CWC faces a grave competition from such business as Alibaba from China, eBay and Amazon, it has an equal chance to compete in the areas that have not encountered such markets (Shih, Szuchiang and Ju 363). Furthermore, the development of new products through the prevailing improvement in technology inspires systems that can distribute products globally. It is also apparent that people are thrilled by the sale of the products through the internet. Digital technology has allowed customers to watch and evaluate the products before buying and shipping them. This aspect implies that CWC has the opportunity to vest within the increasing internet markets since they have a promising chance of expansion. Finally, the entry to the market being controlled by such companies as Alibaba is moderate. A new company can get customers with almost equal chances to the competing ones. This factor is explained by the fact that the customer does not have to move while evaluating a product from one seller to the other. Therefore, the choice is made depending on the price and quality of the product. In this light, CWC has the capability to receive customers initially served by the competing companies. New product/Service CWC wishes to introduce new products to its customers. Its objectives are to