ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the current era of globalization, unsustainability is a major challenge that modern supply chains experience in both local and global markets. For supply chains to overcome the challenge of unsustainability, they must have robust resilience. In essence, the degree of resilience in a given supply chain determines its capacity to remain sustainable in turbulence markets punctuated by competitions and economic crises. Moreover, the nature of management determines the resilience of supply chains because risk management and prevention practices play a central role in the achievement of resilience and sustainability. According to Li, Wu, Holsapple, and Goldsby (2017), preparedness, alertness, and agility are three crucial components that define the resilience of supply chains. Preparedness is a proactive approach to resilience that prevents and resists effects of adverse events. In contrast, agility is a reactive approach to resilience that determines the ability of a supply chain to respond and adapt to changes in its environment. Owing to the dynamic nature of markets, alertness is also a reactive approach to resilience that enables firms to monitor changes and make appropriate responses aimed at alleviating impacts or benefiting from opportune circumstances. Therefore, for supply chains to gain resilience in the turbulent and competitive markets, they must have high levels of agility, preparedness, and alertness. In the modern era where the world seeks to achieve sustainable development goals in various sectors, sustainability is the major objective. Across the world, governments and consumers focus on sustainable development for it ensures prudent utilization of resources and promotes enduring development. Sustainability of firms or supply chains is dependent on the three aspects of development, namely, economic, social, and environmental dimensions (Mota, Gomes, Carvalho, & Barbosa-Povoa, 2015). Although sustainability is a composite factor, most studies have only focused on the economic dimension of development. In this view, the present study seeks to examine the sustainability of supply chains based on these three dimensions of development. A comparison of resilience and sustainability shows that they have intricate links that determine the performance of supply chains. Therefore, the establishment of the link between resilience and sustainability is essential to the understanding of factors that contribute to the performance of supply chains in the modern era. Overview To achieve the objective of linking resilience to the sustainability of the supply chain, the study employed a survey research design. This research design is relevant because it entails collection of data using structured questionnaires with scales that measure components of resilience and dimensions of sustainability. The collected data were recorded in excel and frequencies of demographic information determined. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of scales
The family heads go through different kinds of hardship in trying to make ends meet. In spite of the spirited efforts and attempts to try to keep the family afloat, other family members may be pooling in the opposite direction. Financial constraints are always a major drawback. These are some of the constant pressure and strain the leaders of the family experience. The pursuit of happiness is a dread inspiring story of Chris Gardner willpower to accomplish a steady life and it’s written about a man who undergoes a lot. Chris was born in Milwaukee Wisconsin and he did not have affirmative male role replica because he was staying with his step father who was offensive and her mother notwithstanding her sad marriage was a foundation of support to Gardener.Bettye encouraged her son Chris to accept as true in himself and propagated the seed of self confidence (you can only depend on yourself.the calvary aint coming).after what her mother went through Chris made a vow to keep away from fear,alcoholism and illiteracy in his life as seen in line 3.the late 1970s gardener cultivated a profound wisdom of black pride as he became common with the workings of reverend Luther king. Chris gardener, the gentleman whose tale of rising from grass to grace creates the root of the story. Chris gardener makes an important decision to leave a job of small security and joins a job to train as a stockbroker and thus he quits his sales job to train fully as a stockbroker on to appear in the office ready to work and find out that the boss who had hired him fired. Matters worse his association with Jackie had matured and had lay blame on him of whipping her which he was taken to detention for ten days. After the ten days he returns home only to find that his home empty and his wife and son missing. But this does not hinder him from achieving his goals.he shows up for an interview in clothes that he had during the days he had stayed in prison and due to his genuineness and intelligence he acquires the job in Reynolds stock brokerage though he still can’t afford a living. Here gardener works very hard to become the best trainee and owing to his perseverance in 1982 he excels in his licensing exam and turn out to be an employee of the company while in Francisco. Four months down the line his wife comes and leaves the son with him which with the little amount of money he was getting he accepts to stay with him and since where he was living did not accept children he struggle with homelessness and not any of his colleague knew they did not have a home were for one year. They would sleep in the bathrooms and in parking areas until Chris got disturbed about his son Chris junior welfare and requests reverend to offer them a place in the church, gardener brings out the true picture of a man who struggles amidst poverty and out of the urge to achieve a better life and bring up his son in a better environment than where he was raised of which his wife Linda does. This br
General Country Information   * Official Country Name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland   * Continent and Region: Europe and Western Europe   * Neighbouring States: France and Ireland   * Governmental System: Constitutional Monarchy   * Economic System: Liberal service based economy   * Head of State: Prime Minister David Cameron (CIA, 2010) Member of International Political Organizations (e.g. NATO)? NATO- a founding member and also the Commonwealth. A Security Council member of the UN. It also belongs to the G-8, IMF, Paris Club , Australia Group, IFC and many others such as Interpol. Member of International Economic Organizations (e.g. ASEAN)? OECD, IEA, G-20, ILO, IMO, EAPC and BIS Member of Other International Organizations? It is in the European Union. Nonetheless, it has chosen not to implement some of the issues surrounding the Monetary or Economic Issues. Total population. 61, 284, 806 Average Life Expectancy. 79.16 years Literacy rate (%). 99 Official Language. English Major religion(s). Christianity accounting for 71.6%, Islam -2.7% and Hindu-1% Allies. US, France and Ireland Major trade partners. US (Biggest trading partner), France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands and Ireland Countries with which your Country has friendly/adverse relations. Conflicted with Spain over autonomy, Argentina over Island territories, Iraq, Afghanistan and other Arab Nations over involvement in the US led 2002 invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq. Former Colonial Powers (if applicable). Not applicable Former Colonies (if applicable). India, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Ghana, Egypt (CIA, 2010) History of United Kingdom Early history. England was in place from 10 TH C, It then joined forces with Wales in 1284 and then included Scotland in 1707. In 1801, Ireland was made part of Great Britain but was later partitioned in 1921 to leave only Northern Ireland as part of the UK. Recent history. The country has recently been fighting for constitutional reform. It has also been at the forefront of instating devolutions. Its involvement in the EU has made a continental and hence a global force intended on influencing other nations’ foreign policy. The UK enjoyed high economic growth in the last half of the twentieth century and the early twenty first, however, the global economic recession tool a toll on them. It has also been struggling with territorial defences over assemblies by Northern Ireland. (CIA, 2010) HIV/AIDS Four major threats affecting my state The United Kingdom is confronted with a series of challenges. Obesity has become a serious cause for concern. This has permeated across all major age groups, including the youth and members of the older population. S
Introduction GCC is an acronym for the Gulf Cooperation Council for the Arab (Gulf Cooperation Council, 2012). The cooperation is a framework that unites the Gulf regional states of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Oman. The GCC basic objective is to promotion, coordination, integration and interconnection among the member states in terms of economy, finance, trade, customs, tourism, agriculture, science and technology, mining and legislation. This aims at strengthening ties and cooperation in private and public sectors of the member states (Gulf Cooperation Council, 2012). GCC common market The GCC common market is an economic integration that seeks to promote economic linkages among the member states. The agreement gives the citizens from the member states equal rights to employment, healthcare, education and participation in stock markets trading, establishing companies and trade of properties (Oxford Business Group, 2008). The common market facilitates free movement of labour and capital among the six member states. The member states also agreed on removal of trade barriers to facilitate the free movement of goods and services between member states with an aim of encouraging interstate commerce (Oxford Business Group, 2008). The GCC common market has a positive effect on trade in the region. The framework has the potential to expand trade up to three to four times above the levels that existed before the common market was established. At the same time, the common market is expected to boost international trade. The removal of interstate trade barriers by the common market opens the entire block to international trade because there is only one entry point for trading (Oxford Business Group, 2008). This is likely to increase direct foreign investment in the region. The common market is also expected to encourage member states to diversify greatly to benefit from the block trading boom. Additionally, the companies take the advantage of the free market to merge and amalgamate. The acquisitions and mergers are crucial in eliminating transaction costs, which reduce the cost of commodities. This works at the advantage to importers who source the goods at affordable prices (Oxford Business Group, 2008). GCC customs union The GCC member states have unified customs regulations and procedures that contribute to enhancement of cooperation among member sates (Low & Salazar, 2011). The regulations establish common external custom tariff and custom regulations. The agreement also eliminates all tariffs and nontariff barriers and gives consideration to agriculture and veterinarian quarantine. Furthermore, the customs regulations have rules that address prohibited and restrict
Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to analyze and summarise an article by Joyce S. Maphosa and Thembinkosi Maphosa. The paper deals with the challenges of organizing schools in the Warren Park-Malbereign District of Harare Region, Zimbabwe, to maximize student performance and educational outcomes. The authors questioned a sample of school teachers and administrators to learn whether organizational development education for staff is necessary or underrepresented. The authors conclude that changes in the corporate culture of local schools would likely lead to improved performance. They recommend that the concept of organizational development be introduced in schools at all levels. The Main Idea of the Authors The authors propose the idea that schools are underperforming due to an inefficient organization and a work culture that interferes with their performance. Besides, Maphosa and Maphosa attempt to inspect the influence of demographic factors on the overall environment and the resulting outcomes (2). The authors do not provide evidence of lacking school performance, as their focus lies in improvements for the existing situation. They investigate the school as a structure, devoting attention to teachers and administrators who oversee them and collecting the opinions of both parties. Awareness of the shortcomings of the current system and of the challenges of changing it is necessary to achieve comprehensive advancements in an organization such as a school. The authors propose the concept of organizational development as a framework for the evaluation and improvement of the school system in the area. According to Maphosa and Maphosa, the approach uses knowledge and various interventions to change the system, focusing on the integration of the interests of the individual into that of the company (2). The definition is consistent with the one offered by Rothwell et al., which note, however, that organizational development is not a toolkit with predefined measures and should develop organically for every situation (36). Generally, managers and employees collaborate within the framework of behavioral sciences, usually with the assistance of a specialist, offering ideas and putting them into practice. The goal of the authors is to determine whether the method is appropriate for the school environment based on its effectiveness and ease of application. Approach to the Subject The authors choose to adopt a theoretical approach to the testing of their hypothesis, gathering responses and information before proposing a plan of action for further research. Maphosa and Maphosa question 50 teachers and 18 school administrators in the Warren Park-Malbereign District in personal interviews assisted by a questionnaire (4). The former would be the primary agents and recipients of change, and the latter must provide leadership to transfo
Introduction The management and organizational approaches that are used by various firms play a critical role in their performance. The adopted management approach is important due to the fact that it determines the efficiency with which activities are performed. The organizational structure of the firm on the other hand determines the delegation and application of authority. The organizational structure is developed by the management. The structure facilitates effective interaction among employees and helps in directing resources towards achieving the goals of the organization. The behavior of employees is also influenced by the management and organizational approach (Mullins 3). Thus a firm will only be successful if it adopts the best management and organizational approach. This paper will focus on analyzing two management approaches namely, scientific and bureaucratic theories of management. Scientific Management Theory This theory focuses on the analysis and synthesis of workflows. Its main objective is to improve efficiency within an organization. In order to achieve this objective, the theory proposes that scientific principles should be used in designing processes and managing workers. This theory was developed by “Fredrick Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s within the manufacturing industry” (Cook and Hunsacker 34). The theory was highly influential in the 1910s as the best management style. However, by 1920s it began to lose its popularity as new management ideas and concepts emerged. The modern organizational approaches and management styles borrow the following concepts from the scientific approach. The concepts include “logic, efficiency, mass production, rationalization, work ethic and standardization of best practice” (Cook and Hunsacker 34). The Assumptions of the Scientific Management Theory The scientific management theory is based on three assumptions which can be explained as follows. First, it is based on the assumption that firms operate in a capitalist economy that is associated with “a free market system” (Perterson 47) in which transactions are facilitated by money. Thus the most important objective of the firms is profit maximization and improving efficiency levels. Second, the workers are expected to be rational. This means that they are supposed to work-hard in order to maximize their earnings. Besides, they are expected to prioritize the goals and objectives of the organization. Finally, organizations are supposed to increase their production capacities in order to enjoy the benefits of “division of labor and specialization of tasks” (Daft 56). The principles of the theory The scientific management theory is based on four principles. The principles form the basis for designing processes, managing workers and improving productivity. Thus an organization that uses the scientific management approach will improv
Abstract Sustainable development is a major necessity and a concern in every state, Australia is one of the continents faced by this challenge. Due to demographic change, people deplete natural resources through their day-to-day activities. The issue of deforestation, poor sanitation, and depletion of natural water sources is common in urban areas. The report internalizes the state of Australia, causes of its problem, discusses the urban forms, community attitudes, resource management, policies, recommendations, and summarizes the major issues in the review. Introduction Australia is a continent that has registered a high growth of urban cities over the centuries. As such, there is an emerging need to carry out a sustainable approach in executing environmental, economical, and social planning in its urban cities. Additionally, there is a need to consider the communities and their attitudes in planning for resource management and policy formulation. Therefore, the report analyzes the urban situation, community attitudes to the environmental state of the urban area, resource management, policy development, and recommends probable solutions Findings The findings entail the urban form in Australia, community attitudes, resource management, and policies. The vitality of the findings explains how each one of them relates to sustainable development. Urban Form The urban form in Australia is characterized by high population growth and rural to urban migration. According to Hamin and Gurran (2009), high population growth causes climate changes that include extreme heat waves and rising sea levels. Poor biodiversity conservation has led to air and water pollution. Ritchie and Thomas (2013) argue that urban areas have poor water drainage, and the buildings lack proper garbage storage leading to poor environmental management. The arguments show that urban communities face difficulties in environmental conservation. Architectural designs in Australian urban centres lead to poor ventilation systems in buildings. The spaces that are left are very small, leading to overcrowding in buildings. According to Hamin and Gurran (2008), buildings overcrowd the urban cities and leave little space for recreational grounds. Every state needs recreational grounds, and in the case of Australia, the buildings have consumed the greater part of the region. Ratsimbazafy, Harada, and Yamamura (2012) argue that there is a need for parks and trees within a city. However, in Australia, people have depleted natural resources, which include forests and water sources. Community Attitude Communities have attitudes, norms, and values toward natural resources. The values determine their reaction to the environment that they interact with everyday. Ritchie and Thomas (2013) stipulate
Advocacy for nurses is one of the crucial parts of effective leadership in nursing. Due to the tremendous pressure that nurses experience as a result of the rising workload, it is essential for leaders to create the workplace setting as comfortable for staff members as possible. The efficacy of advocacy for nurses can be improved significantly if the issue of culture-related needs of the nursing staff is taken into account (Oliveira & Tariman, 2017). For instance, the language barrier often becomes a tremendous obstacle in communicating nurses’ needs to managers accurately, which leads to a drop in nurses’ satisfaction and a rise in the threat of a workplace burnout (Williams et al., 2018). Therefore, deploying cross-cultural communication tools and fostering cultural awareness in the workplace environment is vital for effective advocacy for nurses’ rights and needs. Furthermore, establishing a communication channel through which nurses will submit feedback so that the workplace conditions could be adjusted to their needs and improved accordingly must be developed. Furthermore, the concept of advocacy for nurses could be taken to a new level by considering introducing changes to the existing policies that shape the workplace environment of nursing experts and the demands that they must meet. Specifically, the workload per nurse may require further changes since the increase in the number of patients to whose needs a nurse must cater is likely to cause a drop in performance quality. Furthermore, the rise in workload is likely to cause a rise in the cases of workplace burnouts, which will create premises for medical errors and a drop in positive patient outcomes. Therefore, immediate changes must be made to the current policies concerning the amount of work per nurse. Creating perfect organizational culture in which continuous engagement and professional development of employees is promoted is a rather challenging yet implementable task. In the nursing context, the use of innovation and a people-oriented strategy is vital. However, to ensure smooth transition from one setting to another and promote the development of new skills and competencies in nurses, managers will need to make an additional effort. Specifically, the value of innovation and professional development must be promoted in the nursing environment. Although the described objective may be difficult to implement given the increasing workload that nurses must manage, a well-developed talent management approach may help to produce the necessary change and overcome resistance to it among the nursing staff members (Tsai et al., 2019). Namely, incentives and training options must be provided to staff members and represented as significant opportunities. Additionally, emotional and psychological support for the nursing staff members that expired difficulties adjusting to change and are overwhelmed by the increasing number of responsibilities must be provided. Studies show that the unwillingness to accept new roles and responsibilities, as well as the idea of incremental change in the workplace, in g