ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Work Sample Analysis The selected student’s sample work, “Human interaction with Antarctica”, is the end of stage three (end of year six). Its key goal is to encourage students to apply and practice their literacy and numeracy skills in geography by creating a timeline of human interactions in Antarctica since 1900. It is expected that students will identify the names of explorers along with environmental changes. After that, the assignment requires providing practices and beliefs that caused the mentioned interactions, while also identifying the key stakeholders, including ecological researchers, whalers, mineral explorers and so on. Students’ prior learning is to be sufficient to successfully complete this assignment since the required materials have been studied. In the given sample, the student, Pat, demonstrates the basic understanding of the topic, and her skills seem to be poor. Namely, there is limited understanding of human interactions in Antarctica within the last 100 years: even though some years and investigators are noted, the student fails to clarify their contribution and roles. However, Pat has good visual knowledge in constructing timelines and locating the necessary information. In terms of literacy skills, there is a lack the completeness of the answer – the environmental changes are not identified. The student tries to list practices and beliefs, but repeats similar thoughts and fails to ensure the clarity of opinion. It is not possible to understand what exactly led to particular interactions since the answer is excessively generalised. The presentation of numerical data can be evaluated as appropriate, yet it provides insufficient interpretation and justifications. Student Feedback Your construction of the timeline for demonstrating the human interactions with the Antarctica has both strong and weak points. You have demonstrated good understanding and application of visual knowledge in terms of geography as the timeline is designed properly. Your literacy skills need to be improved since you did not cover all the instructions. While identifying the main stakeholders, it was also important to clarify their roles in the interactions. The poor use of terminology is another area you can improve in: you should use terms more frequently to justify your arguments. The sentence and text str
Introduction Dealing with criminal cases has not been an easy task for the law enforcement officers in U.S. This has been due to the lack of proper structures and information that can be used to curb criminal activities. “A report that was presented to the congress by attorney general, Michael Mukasey, revealed the nature of organized violent crimes in the U.S” (Mukasey, 2008). Report on Violent Crimes This report revealed how the gangs conduct their activities in U.S. The document further indicated that the security and safety of the people in suburban areas had been greatly jeopardized by gangs. These gangs have now extended their operations to remote areas. The migration of these gangs started in 1980s and it became more common in the 1990s. Currently, approximately twenty thousand gangs are believed to be operating within fifty states in U.S and also in Colombia. The numerous cases of violent crimes and homicides that have occurred have been closely linked to the activities of these gangs. Members of these gangs organize violent crimes in order to build their reputation and also to increase their operations. However, in some cases, these gangs conduct random violent attacks against the unwary citizens. Gangs are also key players in drug trafficking activities. “Law enforcement officers always face unique challenges when handling criminal activities associated with gangs” (Mukasey, 2008). Consequently, strategies employed in controlling gangs should be set up by each community. Law enforcement mechanisms adopted in various communities have greatly assisted in controlling the operations of these gangs. The measures that have been used in controlling violent crimes were also highlighted in the report. In this case, the department of justice has setup a two fold plan for dealing with gangs. First, it aims at using crime prevention strategies in order to fully rehabilitate offenders who are being integrated back to the community after serving their sentences. Secondly, it aims at employing proper policies when dealing with violent crimes conducted by gangs. In addition to these strategies, the department of justice works closely with other agencies involved in mitigating criminal activities. Fusion Centers In 2004, fusion centers were set up in order to assist in collection of necessary information that could help in effectively solving criminal activities. “A fusion center is an effective and efficient mechanism used to exchange information and intelligence, maximize resources, streamline operations, and improve the ability to fight crime” (United States Department of Justice, 2004). These centers have basic guidelines that govern how information is shared among security agencies. Fusion centers have greatly helped in controlling the occurrence of crime in U.S. This is because the information they help in analyzing and verifying is very important in solving criminal cases. Safe Streets Violent Cri
Introduction The story of Jack the Ripper has become somewhat of a legend. Sometimes he is fictionalized in films and literature that people of the present age who have not known the real history behind the fiction believe that Jack the Ripper is just a figment of a writer’s imagination, or that he did not exist at all. Non-fiction writers and scholars have tried to straighten this up by separating facts from myths – that during the time of Victorian England, the year 1888 to be exact, Jack the Ripper, the name he gave himself to the press, actually wreaked havoc, by murdering helpless women, “mutilating and disemboweling” them. Odell (2006) says, “No other murderer has given rise to such an outpouring of the printed word; indeed, few historical events have inspired so vast a literature. None has given birth to a field of interpretation and study such as that represented by Ripperology” (239). Though he has remained popular in committing the “art of crime”, yet he (or she) has remained elusive, and his real identity has remained unknown up to this day, more than two centuries since the first known murder in the East End of London in August of 1888. Brutal and cunning are some of the few extreme words we can describe Jack the Ripper. It is not our intention to create a celebrity (for indeed the man – or woman – has become a celebrity in a sense) out of a notorious criminal but to look at different angles and to arrive at a thesis that can help put the matter to rest. A new term has been introduced in the dictionary out of this phenomenon – Ripperologist, a term referred to a person who studies the “art” of Jack the Ripper. Discussion There have been many speculations about the identity of Jack the Ripper. Since his popularity and the crimes he committed happened in 1888, for sure he’s not with us anymore. But he is with us, figuratively speaking. Moreover, Jack the Ripper is the subject of films, plays, theories and speculations that up to now, he’s one of the most talked about “celebrity”. This paper asks, what motivates a man to commit such murders on helpless prostitutes? Is it a question of revenge or just plain savagery and wanton passion to kill? In the internet, we can gather various topics all focusing on the subject of Jack the Ripper, some even offering tours for tourists to visit the exact place (allegedly) where the crimes were committed. In short, the subject has become an interesting source of income, a c
The 20th-century existentialist philosophy considers man a free agent who strives throughout his lifespan to find the self or one’s essence (Solomon 14). In Nausea, the main character is a well-traveled 30-year-old man afflicted with intense feelings of the meaninglessness of his own being, an experience he dubs ‘nausea.’ The main character and narrator, Roquentin, is portrayed as a person without any enthusiasm for his daily living or interest in his work. His frequent ‘nausea’ attacks, at one time in a street and in a café, depict him as a person filled with “hatred and disgust for existence” (Sartre 81). He feels that the observable attributes of objects are a veil masking the purposelessness of existence. Roquentin also comes across as a person trying to justify his own existence. He is a man who has come into a realization that existence has no purpose. His decision to compile a story about a mysterious 18th-century French spy called Marquis de Rollebon could be interpreted as an attempt to rationalize his existence (Sartre 78). Roquentin is nauseated to learn that his intense dislike of existence is the driving force of his own being. Towards the end of the story, the narrator appears to get over his antipathy and embraces his own being on realizing that existence has no purpose. Instead of giving up all hope, he relocates to Paris to complete his book. In The Stranger , the main character is a completely amoral man called Meursault. He comes across as an emotionally detached figure with a view that morality has no rational basis. Meursault does not grieve the death of his mother. His indifferent attitude towards morality does not augur well with the conventional society’s moral foundations and values. For Meursault, life and death mean the same thing. He anticipates his imminent death, which he considers a gratifying option to an unhappy life. His indifference to Marie’s marriage proposal portrays him as a person who does not care about relationships. On a sentimental level, Meursault is depicted as an unremorseful and unrepentant character. He does not feel any emotional pain or distress after losing his mother. He subscribes to atheistic beliefs and quite unremorsefully murders an innocent Arab man, an action for which he is condemned to death (Camus 21). Meursault could also be seen as an honest and forthright person. He does not pretend to mourn his mother’s death to conceal his lack of remorse. Psychologically speaking, Nausea ’s main character, Roquentin, could be perceived as a person afflicted with a major depressive disorder or mental illness. The ‘nausea’ attacks he claims to experience could be interpreted as a symptom of clinical depression. As a jobless socially isolated man living in degrading conditions, Roquentin was vulnerable to episodes of major depression, i.e., nausea. Furthermore, the narrator is obsessed with a myste
Introduction Diabetes can be described as a condition in which the body is unable to manufacture or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced or manufactured by a body organ known as the self-management in assists the body to breakdown glucose, which is a form of simple sugar, into a form that can be absorbed by body cells easily. Type 2 diabetes is Australia’s fast, growing chronic disease and has affected many people in the country in the recent past. The disease can be prevented by eating the right diet and performing regular body exercises. Obesity and failure to practice physical exercise have been reported to be the major causes of diabetes. Indeed, poor diet and lack of physical exercise are factors responsible for nearly 95% of diabetes cases in the United States. According to the CDC, individuals with type 2 diabetes can live a full and active life (Roper, 2006). The presence of excessive glucose (blood sugar) in the blood leads to a condition referred to as hyperglycemia. Some of the symptoms associated with hyperglycemia include impaired or blurred vision and frequent need to urinate. In addition, a person feels hungry after a short while. Also, there is a general increase in the frequency of thirst feeling among the victims. Some people may experience irritability, numbness of hands and feet. In some cases, patients have extremely dry skin. The condition can also be exhibited by wounds that take long to heal. Individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes also experience frequent gum, skin and bladder infections (Fasanmade, 2008; Roper, 2006). There are five types of diabetes that include pre-diabetes, type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). However, type 2 diabetes is the most common (Howard, 2011). For the purpose of this essay, the focus will be on type 2 diabetes. Chronic condition defined and described Type 2 diabetes is also referred to as diabetes mellitus. It was formerly referred to non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult onset diabetes. This condition is characterized by high blood sugar level with relative insulin deficiency. The body produces insulin but not to the required quantity that the body needs. This is in contrast to type 1 diabetes in which there is a total failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that facilitates the breakdown of body sugars. It is also important to note that the human body has many cells. The body breaks complex food components into small units that can be absorbed by the body. Most of the food that a human being consumes is broken down into glucose. This is the simplest form of food, which is absorbed into the cells of the body. After absorption, glucose is transported through the bloodstream to the cells of the body where it can be used to provide the energy that the body needs for daily activities (Kumar, et al, 2005). Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, and it affects 80%-90%
The book ‘The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty First Century’ can really be referred to the international bestsellers, providing detail analysis of the 21 st century globalization. It is necessary to underline the fact that you, as the author, are considered to be one of the most famous American columnists of modern literature, through the legendary travels reflected in major works. The analysis of the book under consideration will give an opportunity to evaluate its basic strengths and weaknesses, and identify possible questions connected with the theme and manner of its disclosure. The book ‘The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty First Century’ is dedicated to the presenting of modern great changes covering technological and communicative lighting swift advances putting people in touch through the wealth exposition creation in China and India; it is necessary to underline the fact that the work reflects fresh commentary and reporting on the basis of travelling throughout the world, giving an opportunity to the readers to understand the book’s purpose of showing the way, through which globalization shifted into drive. The most important aspect to be successfully represented is the disclosure of the core economic concepts and their change under the impact of globalization. It should be noted that the Bangalore journey reflected in the work explained the flattering as a convergence product connected with the work flow software rise. It is interesting to note that the book successfully highlights the interpretations of complex foreign policies as well as economic issues through the detail description of the world flattering experienced in the 21 st century. ‘Globalization 3.0 is shrinking the world from a size small to a size tiny and flattering the playing field at the same time’ (Friedman, 95) The book effectively argues on the point that globalization is considered to be the era where the matter of states is less and the key driving force is concentrated on the playing field for conducting the international trade operations. This field is built up through global fiber-optic network and software providing the space for manufacturing and service rushing of the major companies from India, China, and the states of the former Soviet Union attracting the outsourcing market. It is necessary to underline the idea, that the book is concerned with the fact that the world is flat; in accordance with the economic research provided, the first globalization wave was concentrated on the competing with the countries throughout the world in the period 1492-1800, the second globalization acted in accordance with multinational companies competitions during 1800-2000, and now, the third globalization era experienced by the humanity and being concentrated on the individuals competing and collaborating globally. The usefulness
Though the idea of resisting Great Britain through militant forces was not new, Henry arrived to deliver his speech with serious conviction to form a militia that would approach the threat with a resistant nature. As such, his speech would have to convince a number of individuals that were apprehensive about taking any action against Great Britain that may seem combative. “Listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts” is an allusion within Patrick Henry’s ‘Speech to Virginia Convention’ (Andrews, 2018). In this line, Henry alludes to Homer’s Odyssey, specifically pertaining to the scene in which Odysseus’ men fall asleep after listening to the song of the siren Cyrce. The siren then transforms all of the men into beasts. The purpose of using this specific event as an allusion is that Henry requires the presence of a well-known work to illustrate the affairs between the colonies and Great Britain at the time. This correlates with his main goal for the speech, which is to convince the colonial leaders that their only real option is to fight against the British forces. He agrees that while being inactive about the conflict may be easier, this decision may lead to adverse long-term results. He does so by comparing Odysseus’ men to his own compatriots and their need to resist turning into beasts. He offers the alternative of taking action and fighting for their freedom to avoid the potential future his allusion constructed. The allusion is effective due to the fact that it is an established and well-read text, with a strong comparison between the events of the story and the current predicament of the colonies. Reference Andrews, E. (2018). Patrick Henry’s “Liberty or Death” Speech. History.com. Web.
Introduction I have chosen the theme of vocation for my paper. I will use the texts of Plato’s “Apology, the Trial and Death of Socrates” and Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s “The Grand Inquisitor” in order to comprehensively analyze the theme and consider the questions of who I am, what I am to become, and what is my life’s task. The theme of vocation is very important, as it helps us understand what our purpose in life is. For most people, it is difficult to understand their true vocation; therefore, they must be taught the methods of how to find it from the early childhood and exert themselves until they find it, as it will entirely determine the future of their lives. Exposition In Plato’s “Apology, the Trial and Death of Socrates”, the theme of vocation is one of the main themes. Socrates, who is put on trial, explains the jury his vocation of demonstrating ignorant people their ignorance and teaching them to be wise and the importance of finding a true vocation. He is certain that he has found his vocation and mastered it, as he sees the results of his work in the actions of his apprentices. However, unwise and ignorant people, as he calls them, accuse him of not believing in God and teaching people the wrong principles and showing them the wrong path. He states that their accusations are false and that it is them who teach people the wrong principles, but, despite his efforts to justify himself, the jury does not believe him and condemn him to death. In Dostoyevsky’s “The Grand Inquisitor,” the theme of vocation is also one of the main themes. In his monolog to Jesus, the Grand Inquisitor tells about the principles of a true vocation, human nature, and freedom. In general, he divides people into leaders who can handle their freedom and can take moral responsibility for their actions and followers who are willing to be slaves in order to simply live in a peaceful and stable world. Additionally, he claims that the number of followers is significantly bigger than that of leaders. The vocation of leaders is to provide their followers with what they need, and in return, take responsibility for their actions upon themselves, while the vocation of followers is to serve and support their leaders. The main characters of both texts, namely Socrates and the Grand Inquisitor, have found their vocation and understood the mission that they must fulfill in their lives. However, their missions are different. For example, Socrates says: So even now, I continue this investigation as the god bade me – and I go around seeking out anyone, citizen or stranger, whom I think wise. Then if I do not think he is, I come to the assistance of god and show him that he is not wise. Because of this occupation, I do not have the leisure to engage in public affairs to any extent, nor indeed to look after my own, but I live in great poverty because of my service to the god. (Plato,
Genetically modified food is food derived from genetically modified organisms. This type of modification was developed in order to improve the specific properties of products. For example, genetically modified cultivated plants are more resistant to pests, grow faster, and do not die under adverse conditions. The main research question of the future study for me as a person with 1 st Degree in Food and Nutrition will be the question of the harm of eating genetically modified foods and the possible health risks for adults and children. This question is essential, as part of the products that people consume consists of genetically modified raw materials. It is necessary to study the impact of these products on the human body. Since the human body is a complex system that requires constant study and each new influence on it can have different consequences. It is possible to identify the main problems that can be associated with the use of products obtained as a result of the use of gene technologies. For example, suppression of immunity, allergies, a long-term mutagenic effect, and reduced intake of valuable substances into the body. Of course, genetically modified foods have a number of advantages. For example, they are less susceptible to destruction by pests than others. They are resistant to frost and grow faster than usual plants. Zhang et al. claim that some plants are significantly enriched with vitamins A, C, E, and fiber with the help of genetic modifications to benefit the human body (121). The rapid growth of plants makes it possible to provide the population with food at a higher rate. Another advantage of genetically modified products is the low price, which is also achieved due to the rapid growth rate. In conclusion, the research question of the risk of eating genetically modified foods remains open and requires detailed research as well as writing a thesis on this topic. With all the advantages of products grown through genetic engineering, there is a risk of acquiring diseases and mutations. A thorough study of the issue will understand how dangerous and harmful it is to use genetically modified foods and what effect they will have on the body of an adult and a child. Work Cited Zhang, C. et al. “ Genetically Modified Foods: A Critical Review of Their Promise and Problems ”. Food Science and Human Wellness, vol. 5, no. 3, 2016, pp. 116-123. Web.