ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Wolfe (1968), in his essay ‘O Rotten Gotham – Sliding down into the Behavioral Sink, ‘speaks of the suffocating congestion that has happened in cities and makes people inured to human suffering and turns them into sadistic and mindless beings (Washington Post 2002). This paper provides a rhetorical analysis of the essay. Analysis Theme of the essay Wolfe discusses the problems of overcrowding in cities and the resulting stress and adrenaline rush it causes. The combination of stress and overcrowding causes citizens to turn into malevolent behavior where humans turn into ‘bilious, nephritic, queer, autistic, sadistic, barren, batty, sloppy, hot in the pants, changed on the flankers, leering, puling and numb.’ Wolfe suggests that such behavior is all-consuming in its malevolence and makes the people fight with each other for a small amount of private space around themselves (Bio 2005). Wolf (p, 734) has compared the rush in cities and the behavior of people in the New York subway with rats that are packed into narrow tunnels when the people rush to catch the subway trains. The people are so mesmerized that they rush about mindlessly, just barely avoiding colliding with each other in a rush to get off or get on to the subway. People are blind to everything and push, shove, argue and fight with each other in their rush to a small secure privacy zone around themselves. Such intense stress and overcrowding cause psychological and social changes and people descend into the ‘behavioral sink.’ The sink causes a general breakdown of etiquettes of societies and makes the people become violent, fall prey to diseases, take up the sexual perversion, and so on. The author has quoted the work of the noted anthropologist Edward Hall who says that a human needs to have at least ninety square feet of private space envelope to retain their sanity. The student of this paper supports the statement and suggests that this type of behavior can be ascribed to people in all cities. The author has pointed out a number of visual and smell triggers that create the adrenalin rush among people. He speaks of psychosomatic manifestations such as human sweat, urine, effluvia, and sebaceous secretions. He has pointed out that their rush to get about their tasks makes passersby so impermeable to human suffering that they will not even acknowledge the sight of a stricken old woman who is being wheeled out on a stretcher attended by two policemen. The author is hinting at the inner fears of the people who perhaps may think that such a fate could happen to them also. The use of rats as a symbol and the subjects of experiments mentioned in the essay brings the authors insistence on comparing humans to rats. Experiments by other researchers show that animals such as rats and stickleback crabs, Sika deer needed to have sufficient private space, else they will perish even when sufficient nutrition is provided. Wolfe has analyzed the experiments of the ethnologist Johri Calhoun conducted on domesticated rats in a laboratory (p 736-737) and formed the concepts of the ‘Behavioral Sink.’ The scientist placed 48 Norway rats in an enclosure with four sections connected
The issue of language is an important aspect of any people’s heritage. Every tribe or region in the world prides itself in a common language that is spoken among the people. It is this language, which bonds the people together. People will often feel elated upon encountering someone who speaks their language even in a far-off land. This kind of meeting always elicits a sense of kinship between the people. This is the reason why people guard their language jealously. Therefore, we can confidently say that language is what gives people their identity. However, some issues have over time threatened to make some small languages obsolete. Due to the changes effected by people’s interaction in different places, some languages have been put on the brink of extinction. Good examples of some languages that were at the risk of becoming irrelevant due to outside influence are Catalan in Catalonia and Irish in Ireland. (Catalan Culture) The Catalan language is spoken in a few regions of Spain. The language also has some following in Europe though other languages like English dominate it. Catalan is the official language spoken in one region of Spain called Catalonia. This region begins from Barcelona, stretches to Valencia, and covers some parts of Aragon. The language is also spoken in the Balearic Islands and Andorra. In Andorra, the language is the sole official language among the people. Other areas where the language is also spoken include the Southern part of France and Alghero in the eastern part of Italy. However, apart from Andorra, which speaks the language as its national language, other countries have not been quick to embrace it. (Bazarov) The Catalan language has its roots in Latin. This language which was initially corrupted Latin was mostly used by Roman soldiers and merchants in the Roman Province of Tarraconensis. Soon, the romance in the language found a big following in a large part of Western Europe. The fall of the Roman Empire and the subsequent domination by Arabs and Visigoths did little to stifle the domination of the Catalan language. The Catalan language also resisted assimilation into the Gaul language. (Catalan Culture) Before the turn of the 10 th century, Catalan had become a fully pledged language. By this time, the language could now be distinguished from its initial roots. By the middle of the 12 th century, the language had for the first time been produced in a hard copy. Soon, some learning materials written on the language began to appear soon to be followed by poems written in the Catalan language. Immediately after this, the language went full throttle. For a period of two hundred years, the language expanded in the whole Iberian Peninsula. This came as an effect of the conquests made by Valencia where the language had found some following. As Valencia conquered more regions, so did the Catalan language grow. Some of the regions where the language grew because of Valencia conquests in
Change management models refer to those methods, which guide the process of managing change in different organizations (Cameron & Green, 2009, p. 109). Over the years, the successful application of these methods has led to the adaptation of the models as guidelines for change management. The most common examples include Lewin’s change management model, the 7 s model, and the 5 P’s model among others. The idea in Lewin’s model revolves around a cube of ice in that if one desires to have a different shape of the ice cube, the best thing to do is to melt it, shape the liquid into the desired shape, and finally refreeze it. Accordingly, if one expects to see change in an organization, the first step towards experiencing change entails breaking down the existing organizational structures and restructuring them into desired structures (Cameron & Green, 2009). Here, the first step or the unfreezing step brings the people involved into understanding the need for change, and subsequently, prepare themselves to forego the current organizational values, behavior, attitudes, and culture. The second stage or the ‘change’ stage starts immediately after the people have acknowledged the need for change. Finally, the third stage or the refreeze stage commences when change has been comfortably accepted. On the other hand, the 7 s model proposes adoption of complete change regarding the core systems/values of the organization. Thus, the change process affects; the share values (the organization’s mission and vision statements), strategy (management, production, sales, and marketing), structure (both physical and value structures), systems (communication), style (production and leadership), staff (employees affected by the change), and skills (changing the entire organizational skill set). This is the most effective way of managing change considering that the model affects the basic systems of the organization right from core values through training and recruiting new skills (Cameron & Green, 2009, pp. 109-115). Relative to the 7 s model, the 5 P’s model developed by Dr. Leslie Toombs, Dr. Mildred Pryor, and Chris white, suggests that the first step in change management should entail changing the mission statement. Therefore, change management involves identifying organizational weaknesses, which should form the right candidates for change. Subsequently, the second step should involve identification and description of various organizational processes whose change will result into desirable outcomes. This step is then followed by reviewing all the 7 s values described in the foregoing discussions. The change process should also include re-organization of the skills and job descriptions of the people involved. Finally, there is the need to evaluate the performance of the change processes in order to single out processes that may require additional change (Cameron & Green, 2009). Implementing the Lewin’s change management model in an organization As noted earlier, the Lewin’s model follows three major steps, which include unfreeze, change, and refreeze
Introduction Operations management is an area that deals in managing the processes involved in production and distribution of goods and services. This means that it deals with management of business processes. It can also be defined as the field concerned with managing and directing the physical and technical functions of a firm or organization. The firm or the organization must be relating to development, production, and manufacturing (Weiss & Gershon 19). Operational management is involved with many activities some of which are product and service management. The product and service management activities include creation of the product, development, production and product distribution. Other activities are purchase inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluation of processes. The main purpose of operational management is to ensure that these business processes and activities are carried out efficiently and effectively. Operation management is therefore concerned with the internal processes of a business. However, the nature of how operational management works in an organization depends on the product and services that the organization deals with. Operation management is the centre of all the changes that occur in the world of business. Some of the changes are changes in customer preference, changes in supply network caused by technologies and also changes in the quality of the product to suit the customer (Weiss & Gershon 21). Quality control is one of the very crucial activities of an oper
Introduction Plato outlines important lessons in the Dialogue of Phaedrus. The extract from the book, Plato: The Collected Dialogues philosophically examines the experience of falling in love. Philosophically, Plato, through this conversation draws people’s attention to crucial issues underlying love (Hamilton, 475). For instance, Plato indicates that the people an individual loves depict a clear expression of the humans’ personal fortitude. The book, Plato: The Collected Dialogues presents a comical and philosophical analysis of the concept of falling in love. In his conversation with Phaedrus, Plato presents a typical scenario regarding issues surrounding the act of love. In particular, the human soul is examined. There is a critical evaluation of the obvious interplay between the soul and mind. Additionally, a person’s body is also included in this interplay. Specifically, this relates to the issue of love and relationships. There are also vital lessons drawn with philosophical implications that require examination. This discussion describes the root of the crisis and its remedy with observance to the dialogue of Phaedrus. Furthermore, it examines how the Plato’s Socrates assisted Phaedrus to comprehend the crisis of love and inquiry. Notably, the application of themes is critical in this role. Lastly, the paper analyses Plato’s comprehension of the human soul. Foundation of the Crisis and Remedy Principally, this discourse resonates as a tough piece. This is because it defies the basic conventional judgment of a discourse. The conversation between these two personalities ensues along the renowned Illissus River. This is where Phaedrus and Socrates met. They had their speeches, debate and daily in the same venue. Phaedrus emanates as the leader of the particular speech for the initial instance. However, in the course of the dialogue, crucial issues about Phaedrus bosom friend, Lysias emerge. The consequent speeches by Socrates are depicted to potentially overpower and rebut Lysias’ allegations so intrepidly. As a result, the Phaedrus remains overwhelmed by Socrates power. Due to this, Phaedrus evidently misses his logic and presence throughout the entire conversation. An example of a strong claim is eminent. For instance, Phaedrus wonders “how madness seems indispensible to pursue potentially everything” (Hamilton, 475). A closer analysis reveals how cunningly Socrates engages Phaedrus in the tussle of logic. As indicated in the book, Plato: The Collected Dialogues , (477), Socrates questions Phaedrus. He asks that, “And should I not deem the conversation of you and Lysias “a thing of higher import,” as I ma
Introduction Greece can find its way out of recession by ensuring that their debt ratio is reduced by increasing their GDP. Greece has a debt ratio of 174%, which is dangerous to its economy because its implication has gradual effect to the GDP of that country. In fact, Greece is cutting employees’ wages in order to reduce the amount of money indebted to other states. People have been threatened with reductions in credit ratings by the government with the aim of reducing debt ratio in Greece. This country should come up with ways of cutting down taxes for people with potential to create jobs in order to boost their GDP. This means that investors should be encouraged to venture into its economy by tax exemptions and reductions. This can attract potential investors into the economy hence boosting their GDP; therefore, debts ratio will come down, and the country will be slowly getting out of recession. Body Greece should embrace production of substitute products in order
The face of social media continues to transform our lives, as the nature and trend of modern mediums of communication continue to evolve with times. As a matter of fact, these profound changes have brought positive impacts to modern businesses, thus revealing a promising future to marketing professionals allover the world. As observed in video game commercials of the day, professional marketers and bottom line businesses are fully utilizing the revolution of social media to attract and retain their customers in all possible ways. ‘Call of Duty: Black Ops TV Commercial’ is a live testimony of how far marketers in the contemporary world can go in marketing their brands. New trends of modern communication tools and equipment have brought profound shifts in the way information is processed and conveyed to various people in the global society. This has changed the way we conduct business from the habits of the past to ways that are mor
Introduction This social work paper focuses on Magda. Magda is a Polish woman who has been married to Sean for the past ten years. Sean had an accident, and he experiences bouts of depression following the death of her first wife. Sean is also worried about his current disability. She left an abusive relationship in Poland to seek a good life for her son and herself. Magda started drinking at the age of 16 years old when she moved in with her abusive boyfriend. Magda’s father was alcoholic. She currently works as a marketing manager, provides for the family, and travels to Poland every month to be with her dying mother. Magda is under strain to cope with her roles and kids. As a result, she has resumed drinking heavily, at least every morning. This paper applies cognitive behavioural theory and crisis intervention to control Magda’s stress, depression, alcoholism, and help her to cope with the crisis in her current situation. The paper also takes into account the UK’s Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) guidelines and standards of conduct, performance, and ethics, applicable laws to social workers, anti oppressive, as well as anti discriminatory practice. Application of Cognitive Behavioural Theory and Crisis Intervention in the Case of Magda Before the beginning of the therapy, a social worker must operate within the law of the UK with regard to anti-discriminatory, anti-oppressive practices, and observe the HCPC standards on performance, conduct, and ethics and best practices in the field of social work (Ferguson, Jones and Cooper, 2007). These are inclusive standard, which relate to health care professions in the UK that the HCPC regulates (Health and Care Professions Council, 2012). The HCPC regulations and standards would ensure the safety and protection of Magda. Moreover, they protect clients from discrimination and oppression from social service providers. They also ensure that a social worker has competency, skills, values, and right behaviours for the profession. The client is a Polish. According to Dominelli, a social worker should recognise feminism theory in the case of Magda (Dominelli, 2002). The social worker must recognise uniqueness of Magda as a woman. In other words, the care provider should not classify Magda in the general category of other clients (Adams, Dominelli and Payne, 2002). Instead, the social worker must display sufficient sensitivity to Magda as a woman and as a Polish. Brid Featherstone warns that social workers should consider the local contextual situation when providing care to women (Featherstone, 2001). In this context, they must not consider men as sources of pain, distress, and exploitation that women experience. Hence, a social worker must understand the role of Sean in the case of Magda. A social worker can apply cognitive behavioural therapy to treat Magda’s alcohol dependency. In this regard, the social worker must focus on two aspects, which include Magda’s functional analysis and skills tr
Introduction This assessment seeks to identify certain problems in the sap floor plan. These critical issues may limit and undermine the service delivery and treatment received by the clients and guests of the spa facility. The report also gives a justification of these problems. It emphasizes on the reasons why these areas are believed to be problematic and why they should be handled with care in order to ensure the treatments are effectively and efficiently delivered to the clients. Nevertheless, the report identifies areas that need improvement within the floor plan, this is done to ensure the floor is spacious enough to accommodate all the activities and services within the premise. Space is an important factor and should be taken care of as it is essential in the treatment room for the purposes of ventilation and air circulation. Finally, the assessment seeks to explain why these problematic areas should be improved and justifies the changes that are suggested within the floor plan to ensure the clients and guests are satisfied with the services offered and at the same time the organization has maximized their profit which is the aim of the facility (Johnson & Redman, 2008). Problems identified and their justifications From the floor plan developed, various problems can be clearly identified within particular rooms. Some considerations have not been made as the elements of constructing a facility that offers treatment to its clients. The plumbing area as a construction element has not been clearly defined; this should be done because adequate hot water and heat are extremely vital to the clients as far as their comfort is concerned within the facility and in the process of receiving treatment. Drainage facilities are also not well considered. This should be done well as it concerns waste management within the building. It is therefore a problem especially when handling multiple hydrotherapies; hence sufficient drainage depending on the treatments should be constructed within the spa building (D’Angelo, 2010). The structural capacity is also not well taken into account. This capacity is vital in the construction of treatment rooms. This is because of the concerns of the weight of the loads such as hydro-equipment and many others in general. Technical requirements such as power and electricity are also not sufficient
Abortion is the killing of an under-developed embryo or fetus, and is therefore an intentional means of terminating a pregnancy. It is legality varied in various aspects of the society with its supporters arguing that the fetus is not yet a grown human. Consequently, it has called on the government to verify if a fetus should be regarded as human or not, in order to solve the issue of abortion. While on the other hand, abortion opponents have often based their views in religious terms, arguing that the fetus is a full human person while calling on the government to take up its responsibility of protecting life and outlaw abortion. For ages, abortion has continued to undertake a personal and a political connotation throughout diverse cultures and religions. Since abortion is quite a vivid and significant episode in women’s reproductive health, they generally talk of abortion being a personal choice. This choice can also ‘’snowball’’ into a political event if the government steps in to control the access to abortion, and the ‘’terms’’ involved and required when terminating a pregnancy. The availability and legality of abortion has being characterized by coarse divisions in some parts of the world, with even an overt aggression and violence being directed to those persons and institutions that provide abortions. This disagreement has widely impacted the public dialogue on aspects that pertains fetal tissue studies, financing abortion procedures and contraceptive provision. Therefore, a woman’s experience in abortion is widely and deeply influenced by the legal, logistics, and moral contexts for abortion. A woman’s decision is ultimately construed by both personal and political factors which affects the overall psychology of abortion. Abortion can therefore be emotionally stressful due to ambivalence, inadequate coping skills, and lack of social support. There is no doubt to the high rate of teenage pregnancies and also the high rate at which they are involved in unapprised decisions leading up to abortion. This issue has therefore brought a tremendous focus on parental consent or notice for under-age women willing to undergo through abortion. Parental consent will require a minor to either notify or consult with the parent/s or a parental figure before obtaining an abortion, which on these terms is usually based on a medical process. In my view, the pregnant minor is best suited to get guidance, counsel, and support from the parent/s as she ponders whether to keep the pregnancy or undergo an abortion. In some cases, a pregnancy may be brought about by rape or ince