ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What is Down Syndrome? Down Syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder thought to occur in 1 of 800 births, causing cognitive and intellectual challenges in a child’s development (Heyn & Perlstein, 2011). DS is one of the foremost causes of cognitive impairment in children; however, with early interventions and medical advances, the potential for individuals with DS is expanding by the day. Although DS is associated with mild to a moderate learning disability, heart defects, gastrointestinal problems, thyroid disorders, and developmental delays such as difficulties in hearing or vision (Heyn & Perlstein, 2011), the interventions currently available guarantees individuals with DS and their families a stress-free, fulfilling and prosperous life. Indeed, life expectancy for people with DS has noticeably improved over the last couple of decades as a direct consequence of the improvement of medical care and social inclusion (Veek et al., 2009). Currently, an individual with this genetic disorder but in good health will live to celebrate his or her 55th birthday. What individuals with Down Syndrome Need to Know It is important to stress that just like their counterparts who have developed normally, individuals with DS can live to go through the formal system of education and secure rewarding careers if early intervention measures are taken (Veek et al., 2009). Like all people, individuals exhibiting symptoms and signs of DS possess a multiplicity of talents and abilities. As such, these individuals are always encouraged to take a positive outlook on life and develop a strong self-identity. In particular, individuals with DS should acknowledge the following. DS is not linked to race, nationality, ethnicity, religion, or socioeconomic standing. Anybody can be born with the defect to develop a positive coping mechanism. Individuals with DS need to realize that everybody has abilities and disabilities and that people have been able to turn their disabilities into abilities. A positive coping mechanism is essential in the management of DS (Veek et al., 2009). The health challenges that associated with the genetic disorder can be treated, and there exist a wide range of resources with rich information on the management and coping of individuals and their families who are living with DS. Research de
The article in question dwells upon one of the major ethical dilemmas in hospitality business (tourism, to be more precise), i.e. sustainability. Donyadide (2010) notes that tourism is one of the most rapidly developing industries worldwide and sometimes business people face such ethical dilemma as cultural sustainability. The author makes a major focus on sustainability in terms of local people’s lives. The researcher notes that now business people have to be thoughtful and make sure their business does not intervene in local people’s lives too much. The researcher claims that people understand the importance of ethical conduct and make decisions in accordance with global ethical codes. Admittedly, hospitality industry has been diversified and now people’s demands go beyond the conventional 3 s (sun, sand, sea) tourism (Donyadide, 2010). Heritage tourism comes into play. Lots of destinations have been developed recently. Thus, such ethical dilemma as sustainability should be considered by managers of the hospitality sector. Notably, Lynn (2012) states that there was certain attention to this issue in hospitality literature during 2009 and 2010 years. This trend suggests that educators, researchers and managers do pay attention to cultural sustainability. Now it is important to understand that heritage tourism should become an industry that reveals peculiarities of people’s life to other people. Heritage tourism should not become a mere exploitation of natural sources and corruption of local people’s life styles (Reynolds, 2000). One will come to su
The event in this case is Edward Ruscha’s exhibition at the Denver art museum where the main artwork of interest was “On The Road”. This piece of work is inspired by the works of Jack Kerouac novel published in 1957 that was critical in defining the Beat Generation and it is a limited edition of Ruscha’s artistic version of “On The Road” done in 2009, which incorporates images from the Gagosian gallery as well as Steidl. It bears similarities to Jack’s work in the sense that they both apply language to bring out some level of social commentary, which is then documented through a series of American landscapes. Ruscha has been known for the road trip culture as most of his previous paintings were of gas stations, landscapes and road signs. He was even identified at one time as the Andy Warhol of the West. However, in recent times he has been known to produce more word paintings on canvas with single words or phrases that are sometimes done over captivating landscape art. Ruscha’s work is mainly composed of phrases lifted from the novel “On The Road”, which are painted in block over photorealistic backgrounds of captivating landscapes along the lower part of the large canvas. The venue of the exhibition is the Denver art museum and the work is displayed in unbound versions that are double paged and framed. They are displayed in one end of the gallery in a particular elegant grid with the rest of the space featuring 15 of the previous works done by Ruscha that are related to the same work. The combination of his previous artistic niche in regard to the landscape art as it is experienced on road trips, and the works contained in Jack’s novel bring out a different form of art that is unique to Ruscha. This gives his work a particular high value due to the rare combination contained therein. On the other hand the use of a previously captivating work compromises the originality that is often associated with the previous works done by Ruscha and even though these particular pieces may seem to be unique to him as they still contain elements of his previous pieces, they still remain unoriginal. It has been identified by various critics that a reinvention of previous works in a contemporary context s
Introduction For hundreds and thousands of years, the world has been experiencing a drastic change in the teaching strategies adopted by the teachers today. As compared to the olden times, students then were taught concepts and theories without much practical knowledge. Studies were not given much importance until the beginning of the 18th or 19th century, studies have been given prime importance in our lives. For studies to be optimal the best schools were chosen and subsequently, they had the best teachers. This confirmed the optimum education of a child. The major part has to be played by the teacher involved. The following paper discusses the teaching strategies from the book- “ The Art and Science of Teaching ” by Robert J. Marzano. Main text Teaching is believed by many to be a form of science. But, conversely, there is no formula for effective teaching. The three general characteristics of effective teaching have been articulated in the framework presented in the book- “The Art and Science of Teaching” are as follows:   * Use of effective instructional strategies   * Use of effective classroom management strategies   * Effective classroom curriculum design The above characteristics are also known as “classroom pedagogy” and they are highly independent of each other. The initial question, which keeps a teacher’s mind occupied, is “ What will I do to establish and communicate learning goals, track student progress, and celebrate success ?” After a teacher completes a particular section of the unit in the class, the teacher must ask questions regarding what has been taught in the previous section. Every student must get a chance to answer. At the end of the unit, completing it section-wise, every student gets a sense of accomplishment since each one knows something or the other about the unit. One strong finding from the research on formative assessment is related to student academic achievement. Every test helps in increasing the student’s comprehension. Continuous tests must be scheduled to assess the student’s ability to understand the content of the unit. Researches indicate that when verbal rewards are employed i.e. positive comments about good performance or acknowledgment of knowledge gain, the possibility of a student’s increasing scores and confidence increases manifolds. Occasionally, a learning goal involves a substantial amount of declarative and procedural knowledge. A teacher must frame his/her report in terms of Students will understand _________ and be able to _______ (p.16). Also, to rate a student according to his/her ability to comprehend, the teacher must write a rubric or scale for each Learning Goal. This rubric is as follows: Scores     Level of understanding                                                                                                           Score 4.0  In addition to score 3.0, in depth inferences and applications that go beyond what was taught                                    Score 3.0  No major errors or omissions regarding any of the information or/a
Introduction The training plan covered country factors such as the common languages spoken, population and currency. Additionally, it covered Emirati culture such as religion, language and social structures. The presentation also contained information about social practices (food preferences, greetings and non verbal communication) and work practices. Rationale It was imperative to take expatriates from Australia through a training program about cultural practices in the UAE because these two nations are quite different from one another. Australians have an individualist culture while Emiratis have a collectivist background. If the expatriates are not sensitized about these differences, they could experience communication breakdowns and stress in the UAE. They may loose patience and motivation thus leading to substantial losses or even failure in the country (Black & Mendenhall 1990). Shown below is a summary of the Hofstede cultural indices of Australia versus the UAE. UAE Hofstede Cultural Index Australian Hofstede Cultural Index It was necessary to talk about the general facts about the country because workers need to know some of the basic things to expect once they get to the country (CIA 2007). Emirati cultural practices were the backbone of the training session because the trainees needed to learn how to adjust to Emirati culture. The training program on cultural practices will provide some sort of counseling to the participants so as to allow them to fit into this new culture effectively. Knowing about the role of religion, social structures and language in the UAE will protect Australian expatriates from making unforgivable mistakes. For instance, they can avoid public displays of affection or smoking in public during the month of Ramadan because this is a highly sensitive time. The training program also encompasses social practices because this would cause the trainees to become self aware. It would also facilitate better cross cultural understanding (Littrell 2005). For instance, the trainees need to be taken through the rules of business etiquette in this country. As such, they will know what to expect during meetings with these individuals. When women refrain from shaking men’s hands or when the most silent person makes the final decision in a business meeting, the Australian expatriate will not be taken aback or shocked. He or
The paintings under consideration, Cranes , date back to the Edo Period, the time of humanistic and rational evolution. During this period, a significant shift from religious topics to secular motifs was observed. Elements of nature and classic representation of images were also included into the salient features of this time. Despite secularism and predominance of mundane elements, the paintings still contain some religious trends, particularly Neo-Confucianism philosophical underpinnings that one of the leading movements in Edo period. In this respect, Cranes are endowed with spiritual atmosphere and natural vitality that are expressed through an ideal combination of flora and fauna. Everything – from texture, fabric, and tone to color, shapes, and lines – reflect the common traits of Edo artistic movement. Painted in ink on silk and paper, Cranes are represented through extreme delicacy that is achieved by means of the materials used. Cautious lines made by the painter require extreme attention because at least one wrong movement or brush can spoil the entire work. Refinement of the materials used also contributes to better representation of artistic motives and themes. Judging from this, the artist strives to make use of these materials in order to achieve the effect of weightlessness, lightness, and simplicity. In addition, ink, paper, and silk are considered to be one of the main attributes of painting culture in Japan. It reflects Japanese cultural and historical heritage. Along with accuracy and delicacy of the image representation, the painting is also closely associated with spontaneity, subjective sensitivity, and grace. Incorporating all these features creates a complete picture of what ink painting is all about. While talking about the thematic concerns presented in the paintings under analysis, it can be stated that they are fully attached to the natural vision of the world with slight accent on illusion. At a glance, the cranes and surrounding natural elements are depicted in a realistic manner. We can easily compare those with real-to-life objects. However, realistic vision of the painting will not allow to see the essence and ideas that the author intends to convey. In fact, in order to understand the main motifs and themes of the works, one should understand the artist’s perception of the work and his/her emotional state. Regarding light, use of colors, and composition, the primary concern here is to capture not the object itself, but its essence, landscape and interaction between the objects depicted on the picture. Beside accurate forms, minimalism of refined lines, the author also strives to render the traditional aesthetics of simplicity combined with intuitive expression. Apparently, this is the main feature of Japanese artistic trend in the seventeenths century. Particular attention should be paid to color usage that also contributes to the concept of simplicity and delicate expression. Black and white hues, shadows, and tones provi
Nintendo is a major player in the video game industry. The company has successfully used a disruptive strategy to conquer the market. Sony’s Play Station (PS) and Microsoft’s Xbox have successfully gained their place in the market niche using improvements in technology. Nintendo has employed a disruptive strategy that involved the design of a gaming console that targeted non-gamers. This enabled the company to improve its competitiveness. Within 3 years of launching the console, the company became the second most valuable company in Japan (Farhoomand, 2009). This is a clear indication of the success of Nintendo’s disruptive strategy. The 1970s marked the birth of the video game industry. During this period, teenagers played video games in malls and game arcades. Later, the introduction of home consoles enabled people to play video games at home. The video game industry is a technology intensive industry. The development of the personal computer enabled people to play computer games instead of using proprietary consoles. However, video game consoles retained their popularity. The last decade of the 20 th century saw the introduction of Sony’s Play Station (PS) console. Sony’s advertising strategy enabled the product to become a hype entertainment. It allowed the company to attract the youth. The lucrativeness of the industry prompted Microsoft to join the market through the launch of the Xbox. High-definition (HD) video technologies made it possible for the companies to improve the quality of their games. In addition, increased speed of broadband connectivity ensured the companies could offer services more efficiently. Since its onset, video game companies focused on gamers. Nintendo developed a strategy that focused non-gamers through the launch of the Wii. The Wii enabled the simulation real life games (Farhoomand, 2009). Nintendo has utilized a disruptive strategy to gain a competitive advantage over the other players in the industry. Disruptive strategy attempts to discard old business clichés. It strives to remodel the landscape of the market. Companies that use a disruptive strategy usually target certain situations where the complacency of their competitors has made them overlook or underserve certain customers. Therefore, a disruptive strategy leads to radical changes in the industry. It leads to a permanent change in the industry (Yami, Castaldo & Dagnino, 2010). Traditionally, the video game industry focused on gamers. Therefore, it developed interactive games that attracted gamers. Technological advancements have increased the sophistication of games. This made it difficult for the gamers to understand some games. Nintendo strived to formulate a strategy that would reduce the comp
An opportunity to influence the productivity of employees through various incentive mechanisms characterizes managers as highly efficient leaders who adhere to appropriate strategies to control and optimize subordinates’ work. However, the choice of a specific approach to the style of coordination is not an easy task since different factors influence – a particular field, ultimate goals, the preparedness of the staff, and other criteria. Accordingly, to achieve high labor productivity and increase workers’ initiative in solving tasks, it is crucial to identify how and which leadership styles contribute to successful employee empowerment in the UAE. According to Murari (2015), numerous personnel management methods exist, which can have different effects on workers’ ability to realize their professional potential as efficiently as possible. Thus, this research proposal aims to determine the impact of individual leadership principles in the context of the benefits for employee empowerment and the creation of a productive work environment. As a background for intervention, the UAE labor market will be considered. Based on the available information, a transformational leadership style is the most optimal management strategy promoting employee empowerment and motivating specialists to increase their professionalism in the continuous workflow. Justification for the Research The variety of leadership styles and the possibilities of their application create difficulties for the implementation of suitable HR strategies and employee empowerment. As Murari (2015) states, following a specific practice involves several conventions and implies not only interacting with subordinates from a certain behavioral perspective but also the individual aspects of professional leadership training, including “personality traits, influence, relationships, cognitive versus emotional intelligence,” and other aspects (p. 13). Accordingly, it is essential to consider specific management styles and determine why transformational leadership is the best alternative to other strategies in the context of employee empowerment in the UAE labor market. As a relevant methodology, an empirical study will be carried out since this type of research makes it possible to obtain objective and unbiased data on a specific problem from a stakeholder perspective. Rao and Kareem Abdul (2015) consider this strategy a successful mechanism in the context of team productivity and an opportunity for employees to adapt to dynamic working environment conditions under the influence of current changes introduced by leaders. Regarding the significance and impact of this topic on the development of the labor market in the UAE, the authors note that psychological empowerment may be achieved due to the implementation of a transformational management strategy (Rao & Kareem Abdul, 2015). The benefits of studying this topic are hi
The development of the innovative technologies has changed the marketing strategies. There is hardly a company which does not offer its services via the Internet. Additionally, many people understand that the Internet is the convenient place where everything may be easily found. However, it is important to organize the Internet website in the correct order with the purpose to make sure that the customers can easily reach the desired information and remain satisfied with its appropriateness and layout. The Internet marketing of the Great Cups Coffee Company is not that successful as the company wants it to be. First of all, it should be mentioned that the company does not have any basis for the successful development of the Internet marketing as having created several departments in different tows, the company failed to provide the only platform which does not allow the managers to coordinate the actions. Additionally, the company does not have an appropriate website, therefore, the company clients do not have an opportunity to know more about the company. To make sure that the company Internet marketing successfully develops, it is important to check the company website and offer a number of ideas which may be useful. First of all, the company should change the design with the purpose to make sure that all the links are active and the main page reflects the information which is interesting for all the visitors. The process should be placed in contrast with the previously high to attract customers by discounts. The main page of the company website should be absolutely restructured. The photos of the board of directors should be removed, all the pictures should be changed. Thus, it is important to place the photos of the products of the company with the slogan or another attractive phrase on the main page. The top line of the main page should contain the information about the following, the company products, the company locations, the company vision and mission, the customer services and the novelties. Each of these links should offer the customers the range of information which may be interesting. Thus, the customer products link should offer the detailed information about the range of products. The customers should know what they are drinking and which the advantages of the products are. The company locations should offer the addresses of the places where the products may be bought or the locations of the coffee company dealers. The vision and mission of the company should contain the ethical consideration and the main purpose the company pursues. The customer service should be full of the customer feedbacks, the contact information and other particular data which may