ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pyramids Historians acknowledge that probably the first recognized pyramid in Egypt was Djoser which the main designer was Imhotep . The structure is said to have been structured as a tomb for Pharaoh. Those who study Egyptian history found out that the first structure was built as a colossal staircase through which the spirit of the departed Pharaoh could rise to the outer space. By the instant of the early era of the dynastic history of Egypt, individuals with adequate resources were hidden in mastabas which were in the form of bench structures. The contour of Egyptian pyramids in deliberation represents the prehistoric knoll from which the Egyptians alleged the world was shaped. The silhouette is also contemplated to be resembling the sliding sun rays, and the majority of pyramids were faced with elegant, extremely philosophical ashen granite so as to provide a luminous facade when seen from an expanse. It has been summarized that Pyramids were generally monuments for burial, though some disagreements occurred claiming that the buildings were for resurrections that could mythically commence the dead Pharaoh’s spirit straight into the gods’ dwellings. Tikal Temple The giant jaguar Temple of Tikal is known to be one of the foremost structures and archaeological study sites of the world. It is dated back around 730CE. This gigantic structure is found in Guatemala, and historians believed that an ancient king Chan I, was associated with this pyramid-like building, where his tomb was also located. Even though it is currently indistinct whether it was built for this precise idea, or this use was afterward an alteration. The construction’s stature goes in excess of 100 feet above a series of upright nine levels, beginning from the bottom measuring merely 99.0 through 111.6 feet. In the known Maya mythical belief, the nine steps stand for the nine Night Lords , while the chief hall of the sanctuary resembles the feathered serpent god, Kukulcan . The Pantheon The Greeks called The Pantheon the “shrine of all the gods.” The novel Pantheon was constructed in 27-25 BC by Agrippa, the magistrate, to venerate the conquest of Actium over Cleopatra and Antony. This innovative temple was razed down in 80 AD. The building was rebuilt at around 125 AD during the supremacy of King Hadrian. This structure was situated in Rome and was officially the house of all antique Rome gods. The Pantheon, in relation to the Catholic Church, is historically one of the earliest standing arched church constructions in Rome. Duri
Recommendations to assist Tesco apply constructive conflict strategies Tesco is a leading supermarket chain company in the United Kingdom. The supermarket should apply constructive conflict strategies in handling both internal and external conflicts. The supermarket has to begin by assessing both the internal and external conflict situation. This will help them to understand the main causes of each conflict. The management can not get a solution unless they understand the causes. The leadership should engage in a collective bargain and negotiation with employee representatives. The representation should be from all departments within the organization. This will help it to come to a common ground that is beneficial to both parties. The Company has to come up with a positive conflict management culture that relies on mutual relationships. This will allow for an open discussion between the organization and its employees in case of any potential conflict (Ongori, 2009, p. 16-24). The company should engage arbitration and mediation when dealing with local retailers and suppliers. Tesco supermarket should appoint an arbitrator to help it mend the relationship with local retailers and suppliers. The arbitration has to be an independent, private judicial determination. The arbitration process should lead to a binding decision to govern the conflicting parties. The organization should also carry out customer surveys to determine complains from the public. They should come up with the best ways of addressing these conflicts (Ongori, 2009, p. 16-24). Ways in which fusion leadership can help Tesco manage conflicts constructively Fusion leadership is a modern way of leading that involves bringing people together to accomplish organizational goals on the basis of shared values and vision. This approach will help the organizational leaders manage the existing conflict constructively. Fusion leadership encourages communication between the leaders and the employees. This will entail engaging not only the minds and bodies of the parties in the conflict, but also their souls and hearts. Employees will be free to air their concerns, and management will be willing to attend to each of them. There will be less room for murmuring and in the process conflicts will reduce (Daft and Lengel, 1998, p. 194-250). Fusion leadership will allow the organization to grow together with its employees. Being mindful entails an open mind, personal creativity and independ
Introduction Diabetes is one of the most common acquired chronic diseases. Australia also has a high incidence of diabetes, and the base and cumulative prevalence among migrants born in Greece is three times higher than among people born in Australia (Montesi, Caletti and Marchesini, 2016, p 38). At the same time, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes is only 10.6%, while undiagnosed diabetes was 34% (Trikkalinou, Papazafiropoulou and Melidonis, 2017, p. 121). This aspect indicates a lack of education of the population, which leads to a negative development of the trajectory of the disease. Poor diet and improper treatment of the second type of diabetes can cause such complications as kidney disease, loss of vision, micro and macrovascular disorders that impair quality of life, and are lethal (Chatterjee, Khunti and Davies, 2017, p. 2239). However, following the recommendations of doctors allows people with such diagnoses to keep their regular lifestyle and avoid the occurrence of concomitant diseases. Background My name is Nick Karras, and I am a 61-year-old Greek who now lives in Melbourne. I was born and raised in Greece, in the city of Egaleo, and when I was 30 years old, I was lucky to find work in Melbourne with only my school education. Now I live with my wife in a private house near my office, where I walk. I am almost not busy with my work, but only helping other employees, but next year I want to resign and enjoy my retirement. Recently, it has become increasingly difficult for me to take long walks and constantly feel hunger and thirst, but my wife says that these are the consequences of my obesity (Tsirona et al., 2016;). However, I also like to spend time in the company, as each guest brings their favorite dish, and my wife usually cooks something Greek (Pillen et al., 2017). In general, I find my life fantastic as I have lovely families and friends, delicious food in the house, and the job that I like. The Blog November 29 Today I was at the doctor and found out the terrible news – I have diabetes! A couple of days ago, I came for a scheduled consultation with Dr. Mewis, whom I have known for 20 years (“Greek community,” 2014, p.5). I told him that I had felt tired for the past few months and had been drinking a lot of water (Chatterjee, Khunti and Davies, 2017, p. 231). He answered me that I need to be tested as it seems to him that I look unhealthy. So, today I found out that I have the second type of diabetes! Nurse Pe
Introduction Mrs. C.D, my 77 years old aunt, is an African from Nigeria. She is visiting the United States for 3 months on a holiday. She is alert and aware of persons, place, and time and is verbally responsive. She is calm, friendly and very cooperative, with clear and articulate speech. She has a symmetric facial expression and has no hearing impairment. She also has a stable gait. Historical Background Mrs. C.D has a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. She is currently married with three adult children; two boys and one girl. Her first born is a 34 years old engineer and he is married with one child. The second born is a 32years old and she is a teacher, married with two children. The youngest is 28 years, who is single and is a lawyer. She is a non-smoker and takes some alcohol and wine on occasional basis. She denies the use of illicit drugs. She lives with her husband back in Africa who is financially independent. She gets emotional and psychological support from her husband, children and grandchildren that visit every month. She is a devoted Christian and attends the Catholic Church every Sunday. She is also a member of two community-based social-support groups in Africa and is one of the elders of her church. She helps to organize church activities, as well as assist in marriage counselling in her church. Acute and Chronic Medical Issues Mrs. C.D. has age related visual changes characterized by dry eyes, yellow sclera, clear conjunctiva and presbyopia. According to the Harvard Health Letter, as one gets old, the eyes tend to be dry (Anonymous, 2010a). This is mainly because the lacrimal and other glands become less productive. Also, with age, the lower eyelids may sag, failing to form an effective seal over the eye. Therefore, Mrs. C.D uses artificial tears for the dry eyes and wears corrective eye glasses to enable her to read, to see nearby objects and to see well at night. The Harvard Women’s Health Watch states that, “presbyopia, the most common form of visual impairment in older adults, reduces close-up vision and may create a need for corrective lenses for both near and far vision” (Anonymous, 2010b). Mrs. C. D also prefers adequate light especially at night time because she has difficulty with peripheral vision. She also had cataract which was removed two years ago, which might have been caused by increased exposure to ultraviolet light. The dry eyes may be caused by too much exposure to sunlight as seen in Africa. Mrs. C.D’s medical history of hypertension and diabetes are also risk factors that exacerbate or interferes with her visual wellness. The gray coloured strands of her hair has a negative impact on her self esteem as she does not feel comfortable most of the time. Ther
Introduction Egypt is one of the largest and most developed countries in the Arab world. It has deep historical roots; possesses significant military, economic, and cultural potential; and influences all aspects of life in the Arab states of the Middle East, Central Asia, and North Africa. Egypt’s revolution of 1952 opened wide perspectives for a national transformation of the country’s political, economic, and social spheres. A few months after succeeding in its revolutionary attempt, the new Egyptian government commenced a realization of precisely planned large-scale programs for the development of its education, culture, and science systems (Cleveland and Bunton 298). Under the rule of Gamal Abd al-Nasser, Egypt’s administration aimed to create favorable material, moral, and ideological conditions for the development of national culture and growth through the adoption of reforms and the establishment of new alliances. Nasser’s political strategy Nasser’s political strategy was largely based on the idea of both national and pan-Arab union. He regarded Egypt to be a leading force in the struggle against Western imperialism because the country played a key role in the Middle East, a region that had shared problems, a joint future, and a common enemy (Cleveland and Bunton 326). This idea of Arab unity led to the creation of the United Arabic Republic, which was initiated by the Syrian government in 1958 and “appeared to be a major step along the road to Arab unity” (Cleveland and Bunton 298). The UAR was comprised of Egypt and Syria. However, not all Arab countries shared Nasser’s views. The monarchs of Saudi Arabia and Jordan looked at Egyptian revolutionists with great suspicion. Similarly, Nasser viewed the prime minister of Iraq as an attendant of the West—in particular, the United States—with whom the Iraqi government had signed a few defensive pacts in an attempt to halt Soviet expansion. Moreover, in 1955, the Baghdad Pact between Iraq and Turkey was concluded, forming a coalition that aimed to strengthen cooperation with NATO allies and consolidate British influence in the region (Cleveland and Bunton 326). By the nature of this fact, Nasser condemned this coalition as well as the Iraqi prime minister, Nuri al-Said, in their support of the imperialistic West. As a result, Nasser had a significant influence on the formation of regional opposition to Iraq and the Baghdad Pact; through pro-Arabic propaganda, Nasser made a strong impression on the Arab audience, as well as the leadership of the previously colonized states who now sought a firmer position in a sharply polarized world. After the Egyptian leader successfully resolved the issue of the British presence in the country and undert
Human beings are social by nature whereby interaction takes an integral part in socialization. Although it is natural for human beings to interact, this act does not just happen without plentiful impediments. Cultural diversity is viewed as a major obstruction to interaction because our perceptions of other people are greatly influenced by the culture under which we have grown. Cultural differences must be checked by reason otherwise its influence on individuals can create a negative perception of others (Liu, 2006). Despite the negative implication of cultural diversity on interaction, humanistic theory considers cultural diversity not as a source of conflict between different ethnicities, but as a feature that enriches human growth. This paper, therefore, seeks to explain how the interaction between culturally diverse groups is affected by their ethnocentric perspectives of each other according to humanistic theory. Humanistic psychology acknowledges the fact that ethnicity is a reality that cannot be denied and its effects are massive on the people’s perspectives of others. Cordell (2009) noted that “ethnic conflict is a term loaded with often legitimate negative associations and entirely unnecessary confusions” (p. 4). However, these negative connotations can be replaced with more positive ones in that ethnicity is viewed as beauty in diversity. This approach triggers people to cultural openness and respect for other people’s cultures. Negative ethnicity confines people to their ethnic thinking hence limiting their experience to only their culture. This lack of exposure limits their knowledge of the existence of other cultures. Thus, in such a situation, individual growth is slow and at times very narrow. Humanistic theory confronts this condition by discouraging negative ethnic practices and calling people to embrace the treasures found in other cultures which will increase their experience thus realizing their full potential (Adebowale, Alao, & Kobiowu, 2010). Ethnocentrism encourages people to look at themselves as special than those of a different ethnicity a view that is greatly opposed by humanistic theory. The humanistic theory does not just focus on one particular ethnicity but the individual’s experiences and actions towards ultimate self-actualization (Brian, 2002). Therefore, people should not perceive other ethnicities as inferior but should approach them with openness to learn any value underline them. The proponents of the humanistic theory hold that cultural diversity is not a justification for conflict but a chance to learn how to appreciate other people’s culture so that if all different cultural experiences are put together, one universally accepted culture is created. Therefore, different cultures bring about value. Unconstructive ethnicity poses a great threat to humanistic theory and especially on the view that upholding human
The work of a pharmacist technician who is responsible for filling prescriptions and predicting the medication errors is based on the set of rules and principles. The actual prescription process can be discussed as guided by certain standards. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the daily activities and experiences of pharmacists and discuss the process of filling prescriptions, clarifying the orders, determining omissions and medication errors, and prescribing the ‘prior authorization’ medications. The process of filling a prescription includes several important steps. The first step is the verification of the order. A pharmacist should become sure that all the information required for filling the prescription is presented. The next step is the selection of medications from the shelf. Then, it is necessary to measure medications according to the prescribed amounts and dosage. This stage is important, and a pharmacist should be attentive not to mix medications and provide the right dose. The vials are filled with medications accurately, and required lids are provided (Hopper, 2014, p. 112). It is usually necessary to provide childproof lids. The next steps include applying main and auxiliary labels carefully, as well as putting the pharmacist’s initials on them. Pharmacists on duty should check the filled prescription. During the process of filling the prescription, it is important for a pharmacist technician to be extremely attentive at all stages. However, there are situations when it is necessary to call providers and clarify some points regarding orders. A pharmacist should call a provider when the actual name of the medication is not written or printed correctly, the prescription is illegible, the dosage is unclear or unusual, and the prescribed medication requires the authorization (Hopper, 2014). These actions are important to predict the medication errors. Thus, to avoid errors, a pharmacist pays attention to the fact that the proper prescription includes the name of the patient, his date of birth and address, the insurance information, and the information about allergies and other taken medications. Medical conditions are also included. In addition to the name of a medication, dosage, and quantity, there should also be the information about the provider’s name, phone number, his signature, and the date (Whalen, 2014). However, the problem is in the fact that pharmacists often receive prescriptions without
Introduction Leadership was first used by Greeks to refer to those who were known as first among equals. The term involved operations on the platform of accountability which was used in enhancing equity within the society. Assertiveness, courage, and imitation were some of the traits considered to be responsible for leadership effectiveness amongst individuals (Zaccaro, 1991). The success of any group is attributed to the kind of leadership it has or operates under. Successful leadership entails delegation of group interests with respect to individuals’ association with specific policies. Thus leadership involves combination of traits that could be incubated and propagated through an organization and includes all members. Qualities of a leader Leadership means ability to influence and extend necessary support to others making them work towards achieving specific goals. A leader posses various qualities which include being dynamic, tactful, motivator, orator, futurist, good analyzer, social, supportive and should have job related knowledge. A leader should be the kind of person capable and ready of taking any risk amidst controversial issues. He should have the ability of putting his juniors on toes for the purposes of achieving important goals. Good communication forms part of leadership since messages and objectives need to be articulated through clear and well understood means. Interractiveness form part of socialization where a leader is required to mingle with his subordinates and even offer them support within different areas of need (Zaccaro, 1991). Traits of leadership Hypothesis shows that history has since been shaped by extraordinary leadership; this forms critical starting point for the trait theory of leadership (Zaccaro, 1991). Trait theory argues that leadership fully depends on the personal qualities of the leader. Some researchers were acknowledged earlier for the manner through which they applied trait theory, one of them being Bowden 1926. Cowley 1931, summarized by indicating that understanding of leadership required the study of traits. Table 1 below, gives the level of interractiveness involved in traits of leadership. Self confidence appears in all but two of the reviews, whereas other traits including adjustment, sociability and integrity tend to appear in multiple reviews though not consistent (Anderson, 1978). Dominance emerged as an important leadership trait within some major reviews. An important observation is the exclusive trait of self confidence; none of the traits emerged as related to leadership in the majority of these reviews (Mann, 1959). Table 1: Review of traits of effective or emergent leaders Leadership Criteria There is general agreement that a five factor model of personality developed by some personalities in early nineteen sixties could be used to describe the most critical aspects of personality (Goldberg, 1990). Traits studied in the five factor model i
There are numerous ways of looking at the concept of management and the processes within it. An evaluation of the technical aspects of the subject matter is one of the methods of evaluating management as a concept. Indeed, reaching technical efficiency is one of the goals of management, which are pursued by excelling in the use of various tools for enhancing staff’s performance, product quality, and other aspects of a firm’s functioning (Chouinard & Milley 2015). However, defining management as a technical activity would be a mistake since it includes a vast range of disparities that make it favor certain audiences while neglecting others. Socioeconomic disparities can be regarded as the prime example of management being non-neutral as a technological activity. Indeed, the balance of powers is often disrupted in management. Indeed, due to the absence of equality at the cultural and economic levels, terming management as neutral is impossible. Management currently sees people as assets that can be coordinated successfully and used for the purposes related to production, quality assurance, or any other stage of product or service design. Therefore, calling management technically neutral would be a mistake (Mohn 2016). Quite the contrary, the technical aspects of management restrict the range of strategies that a manager can use in an organizational environment and make one focus on organizational processes as opposed to the factors that inhibit them. In addition, it could be argued that viewing management as a purely technical activity only exacerbates the problem of inequity within it. Indeed, a closer look at the phenomenon will allow seeing that management involves primarily normalizing social inequities (Starr 2016). Therefore, defining it as a technical phenomenon cannot be seen as correct. Management is defined largely by its socioeconomic interactions, which cannot be regulated technically and, thus, should not be reduced to a mere analysis of technical concerns. Instead, management needs to be deemed as a multifaceted phenomenon that demands an appropriate set of strategies varying in their scope and effect. Consequently, management is far from being a technical activity (Bramwell et al. 2016). Instead, it embraces a wide array of sociocultural dilemmas and economic inequities. Thus, the phenomenon has to be recognized and treated as such, with