ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Background of the Study The world has incurred critical, extensive, and rapid development as far as technology is concerned. On daily basis, new gadgets are discovered by the technological specialists to ease, support and complement human life (Egger 2010, 291). Importantly, the history of technological obtained significant meaning during the 1980s when Apple computers started manufacturing high-quality devices with greater capabilities and better experience than the competitor’s products (Bennett 2011, 116). Where this development has taken place in general terms and transformed the popular culture technologically, it has equally affected the family unit bearing in mind that the devices are mostly used in the family context (Reiser 2009, 276). As such, it has led to critical implications on the interaction of family members and the manner in which they communicate to each other. This research focused on how the family unit transformed in the technological era. In addition, it showed how these devices changed communication and routes of interaction. Research Scope of the Study Whereas the technological advancement has taken place extensively and affected almost all aspects of human life, this paper sought to provide a step-by-step discussion on how technological devices transformed the family unit with advancement in technology. Importantly, it focused on the effects of devices such as televisions and personal computers on the cohesiveness of the computers. In this light, the research paper emphasized the changes that took place from 1980s to 1990s. This emphasis was based on the fact that there were robust inventions during this period as far as technology was concerned. Aim and Objectives The aim of a research is basically the broad focus of a research for which it seeks to achieve at the conclusive end. On the other hand, the objectives are subsets of the research aim which shows how the broad focus will be achieved. In other words, they provide understandable and more particular ways of attaining the stipulated aim. The aim of this paper is to discuss how the home-based entertainment changed the family unit to a device-centered unit. The objectives are as shown in this list presented below this paragraph.  1. To determine the historical process of changing the family unit to a device centered unit.  2. To identify the main players, such as people and devices, that led to the attainment of this condition in the family unit.  3. To determines some of the family aspects and attitudes that may have contributed or accelerated the paradigmatic shift. As stated before, the question of how the family unit changed is a broad-focused area of interest. It cannot be discussed from the limited perspective of identifying the steps and stages of the process. Instead, it must be tackled from the idea of the involved players and the attitudes that led to the condit
The family institution has always played an essential role in forming society, civilization, and culture. The definition of family has changed throughout the history, and the reason for this was various factors: from ancient religious concepts and philosophies to modern political ideologies and economics. However, this essay provides a look at a family from a particular perspective. The family both forms and changes the worldview of parents who have taken responsibility for people close to them, and it brings up the children born in it as well. Thus, a family is two or more people united by love for each other and, most importantly, by strength and will to take responsibility for each other. Family values, in their essence, have several elements necessary to create a strong foundation of mutual understanding and dialogue within the group. The central family values ​​include, for example, internal ones: the unity of culture and faith in the family, mutual understanding, love, and support between parents and children. Moreover, dialogue between all family members is significant because mutual understanding and communication are the essential elements of any strong relationship between people. External values are of no lesser meaning; these imply autonomy from the influence of the state and information coming from mass media. Additionally, public school education, school clubs, communities of children, and other activities imposed by the state fall into this category. The influence of these organizations alienates a person from the family, making them operators of political interests that encourage fragmentation within small communities and ideological centralization. To summarize, family values ​​comprise adherence to its firm foundation, consisting of love, shared views and dialogue within it, and autonomy from external influences outside it. Next, responsibility plays an essential role in the formation of a healthy family. First of all, the authority of the parents as the prominent family members is relevant to this question. Family life for
Introduction In the realm of violin concertos few pieces have reached the level of acclaim as well as the widespread popular culture proliferation as “The Four Seasons” by Antonio Vivaldi. In fact the first half of “The Four Seasons” entitled “La Primavera” or “Spring” is one of the most widely utilized pieces of Baroque music in the movie industry with various snippets of the piece finding its way into movies such as “The Three Musketeers”, “The Man in the Iron Mask”, “Elizabeth”, and “Pride and Prejudice”. For this paper, I am fortunate enough to hear a rendition of “The Four Seasons” as performed by Nigel Kennedy and will attempt to convey, from my own point of view, its different aspects related to its tone, pitch and melody and how they combine to create a truly exquisite piece of music. Four Seasons – Part 1 and Part 3 Examination From the start of Part 1 of “Summer” listeners are treated to a tempo in the music that is distinctly allegro in quality due to the rather fast paced manner of playing. This initial phase of the song varies between two versions of high pitched tones so as to convey a sense of awakening or rather liveliness as I believe Vivaldi intended this initial part to have a bright timbre to embody the brightness of summer where the rays of the sun come forth and heat up the land and bring about the season of harvesting. While there is a certain degree of repetition initially, the overall melody of the piece continues to impart a sense of joy and excitement. From my perspective I would have to say that the song alternates between Allegro, a slight Largo, a moderately slow Adagio that does not impart a sense of somberness but rather a way of implying a slow anticipation of events. This particular viewpoint is proven to be accurate (from my point of view at least) since immediately after the Adagio comes a sudden Allegro that practically screams the joy of life and living. For me part 1 alternates between action and anticipation with the decibel level alternating between Pianissimo and Messoforte as an indication of the liveliness inherent in summer. Similar to the part 1 part 3 starts off with a repetitive tempo however this time it is predominantly presto with the feeling of brightness and life gone with the timbre embodying a form of closure, rapidity even, in which the start of the song is attempting to embody a rush of sorts wherein the mental image of people busying about to complete some task before it is too late. It must be noted though that in this section the tone of the music is lacking mirth, emphasizing the need for speed rather than enjoying the season. In fact the
Introduction Treasury management is the management of an enterprise trading in government and corporate bonds, currencies, financial futures, and the associated financial risk management. International treasury management deals with enterprise holding at a global level trading in bonds, futures, options, derivatives, currencies and payment systems (InvestorDictionary, 2011). This essay focuses on what treasury management is, and role it does play in developed markets and banks. Definition of concept Treasury and its responsibilities fall under the scope of chief financial officer and his/her responsibilities include capital management, risk management, strategic planning, investor relations and financial reporting (Scribd, 2011). The main tasks of treasury management include maintaining the liquidity of the business enterprise, risk management, hedging and insurance management, accounts receivable management, bank relations and investor relations (Scribd, 2011). Some of services offered by the treasury management include improving the receivable collection process, increasing control and management of the disbursements, enhancing the level of timely and comprehensive information controls, enhancing liquidity controls, reduce potential of fraud and possible losses to an organization and provide the most advanced technological tools available(Amegybank, 2005). Types of system followed in developed markets In this article, two examples of developed markets in United Kingdom and Germany treasury management systems are considered. The bank of England is the central bank that regulates all financial institutions in United Kingdom; “they are five payment and clearing systems that relate to cash and treasury management” (Treasury Management, 2000, p. 1). All the five operate under the auspices of the association of payment and clearing services (APACS) (Opeartions, 2000). The unit of account is the Great Britain pound. It’s divided into 100pence; it is not a Euro currency: The high value sterling system (clearing house automated payments system-CHAPS) is a same day system with real time gross settlement (RTGS) across accounts maintained by members with the bank of England. There is no minimum or maximum value for payments processed through CHAPS.CHAPS is owned directly by its members. (Treasury Management, 2000, p. 1) The working of the CHAPS is detailed: The CHAPS clearing Company also offers a CHAPS Euro system which Functions identically to traditional CHAPS payments except that instructions are passed through SWIFT instead of the CHAPS sterling network. This system links to TARGET for the settlement of cross border Euro payments. (Treasury Management, 2000, p. 1) The clearing system takes three days is controlled by APACS: The check clearing system is managed by the check and credit clearing company limited under the auspices of A
Scheduling is absolutely essential for a successful project, and using visual depiction for managing activities makes it a lot easier for the teams to understand the relationships of the different tasks in a project. The two most commonly used such tools are Gantt and PERT charts. They help in establishing the relationships between the tasks, and they are also useful for task scheduling. Another such tool is the Critical Path Method, also known as CPM. PERT PERT stands for “Project Evaluation and Review Technique”. Simply put, it is a graphical representation of the schedule of the project, and it shows the sequence of the tasks (Kerzner). The purpose of the chart is to establish a critical path, which minimizes the time taken for the entire project’s completion (Kerzner). It helps the team in planning the entire project by explicitly showing the details of each step involved. Once the entire process is graphically expressed, the management team can easily schedule the different tasks accordingly so that no deadlines are missed. Furthermore, the control becomes easier since if any of the constituent tasks diverges from the planned critical path, it is very easily identified, and corrective actions can be taken. Gantt Chart Named after the developer Henry Gantt, it is a horizontal Bar chart that demonstrates a project schedule. The x-axis of the chart represents the time, and the y-axis shows the different tasks that need to be performed (Project Management Institute). The different bars of different lengths represent the different sequences and time durations of the different tasks involved. These charts clearly illustrate the project status, and have become a common technique used to illustrate the activities and phases of a project (Project Management Institute). CPM Chart CPM is a very effective tool for efficient project management. It works on an algorithm for the scheduling of different tasks. In order to execute CPM, the manager needs to know all the activities that need to be performed for the project, the duration of each activity and the dependencies between these activities (Klastorin). CPM focuses on finding the activities that are absolutely critical for the successful execution of the project, scheduling these activities and controlling the process. Advantages and Disadvantages of these Techniques All these techniques have numerous advantages; they provide excellent graphical representation of the constituent tasks of the project which makes the understanding of these tasks much easier. These charts also make the planning, scheduling and controlling of the entire project quite effective and efficient, but these methods also have some disadvantages, as well. Some of these disadvantages are general, but some are specific to each technique. For instance, in some cases trying to manage the project at such a level may take the manager’s eye off of the bigger picture, and the manager may lose track of the project in an attempt of micromanaging the tasks. For Example in case of a mega-project that probably has thousands of smaller tasks, it might take months, if not years, to draw a CPM. One of the big
Introduction The validity and usefulness of the higher education have evoked heating debates in today’s world. Evidently, the value of higher education received at college and university has been at stake. Increasingly, there are arising arguments suggesting that the higher learning is becoming of less value in the modern world. Whereas this sentiment has become prevalent in the modern popular culture, this discussion provides an argument to the effect that the higher learning is essentially important in the academic realm. Indeed, this essay seeks to draw from those and provide a critical perspective to support this view. Life-Time Investment In one of the exemplifications indicated in an article written by Schneider, it is evident that parents, insurance companies, and colleges are used to supporting higher education by viewing it as an investment. Particularly, this article reveals that colleges, parents, and insurance companies express their opinion that money paid in school for tuition is the most rewarding investments made for future. While seeking to substantiate his argument, the author indicated that the food, motor items, and fuels are
Pathology Research: Osteogenesis Imperfecta Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is a genetically determined disease, which is characterized by impaired production of type I collagen. It is a heterogeneous group of diseases with different types of inheritance, which leads to the fragility of bones, frequent fractures, bone deformities, and low bone mineral density. According to modern classifications, depending on the clinical manifestations and molecular defect, 15 types of OI, Bruck syndrome, and Cole-Carpenter syndrome are distinguished (Palomo et al., 2017). Accurate diagnosis is possible only using molecular genetic research methods in combination with radio imaging. This paper examines clinical indications, risk factors, diagnostics, prognosis, and treatment options for OI to better understand how to approach this disease. Clinical Indications: Signs and Symptoms To diagnose a patient with OI, a set of the most typical features should be identified based on recommendations from the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). The hereditary history of OI or recurrent fractures, imperfect dentinogenesis, blue sclera, progressive hearing loss, and short stature can be noted (Marom et al., 2020). Another symptom is bone fractures with minimal or no trauma in the absence of other factors, such as maltreatment of children or other known pathology of bone tissues. Ligamentous weakness and other manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia, as well as multiple fractures for a long period and different stages of healing, should be mentioned. As stated by Marom et al. (2020), more than 90% of all patients have gene mutations in collagen COL1A1 and COL1A2. They are marked by an autosomal prevailing type of inheritance, while more than half of cases are new mutations. The most widespread classification of OI is based on the clinical X-ray picture of the disease and includes types I, II, III, and IV of the disease, which are determined by an autosomal dominant manner of inheritance. Type V that is dominantly inherited presents the formation of volumetric hypertrophied, not prone to remodeling, was added (Marom et al., 2020). Type VI is probably recessively inherited, type VII has CRTAP gene mutation. There are also types that include patients with clinical and radiological manifestations of OI, but without disturbances in collagen synthesis of the first type. According to modern classifications, 15 types of OI are distinguished, depending on the clinical manifestations and molecular defect (Palomo et al., 2017). In addition, OI-like diseases are Bruck syndrome (congenital joint contractures because of a mutation of the PLOD2 gene) and Cole-Carpenter syndrome
Correlation is the term used to describe that the movement of two variables is somehow related to each other (Triola, 2008). We have a positive correlation in the case when if one variable increases than even the other increases too. Vice versa, when one variable increases and the other responds by decreasing, we have a negative correlation. In our case, PiggyBank is interested in estimating if there is any correlation between e-commerce retail sales and total retail sales. The questions to be answered are of vital importance for a business. The correlation between the variables of total retail sales and e-commerce online sales can be decisive in determining the future of the company. They have to decide where to put their efforts; should they focus more on the on-line shopper market or at the “traditional” shoppers at retail stores? Should their marketing strategy advertise more on-line or not? Should their on-line products offerings increase or it is not that profitable? There are different methods of doing the calculations but the most useful one is to do it in a Microsoft Excel sheet. It is important to notice that the correlation coefficient, the one that will show us if the variables are correlated or not, can have a value between -1 to 1. If it is 0, it means there is no correlation at all between the variables. If it is from 0 to 1, then it is a positive correlation, and from 0 to -1, it is a negative correlation (Lanthier, 2002). First thing to do is to input the data provided by United States Department of Commerce for the total retail sales in one column and that of the e-commerce sales in another column. The data available from the Department of Commerce is from the fourth quarter of 1999 until the second quarter of 2004. After doing that we go to the formulas bar at the top of the sheet and select “More Functions”, then “Statistical” and then “Correl”. A box will prompt in which we will have to select the cell ranges to be calculated from each column of data. After doing this, just click “finish” and the correlation coefficient between the two sets of data we wanted to measure will appear. In our case, the correlation coefficient is: 0.805787563. This means that the correlation between the two variables measured is positive. In other words, there is a connection between the rise (and fall) in total retail sales and e-commerce on-line sales. Graphically, if we put the values if billions of $ on the Y axis and the period of time from the fourth quarter of 1999 to the second quarter of 2004, this correlation is presented by an upward growing line, from left to right. In fact, the news released by the Department of Commerce shows this graphical representation of the correlation of the data. From this correlation the PiggyBank can conclude that the e-commerce sales are becoming an important share of the total sales in the country. The data shows that when there is growth in total sales, there is growth in on-line sales. An interesting example of this can be the data from the 4 th quar
In general, the term Fourth Power or the Fourth Estate is used in relation to the press and modern news media on the basis of their ability to frame and advocate political and social issues. Initially described by Thomas Carlyle in 1841, it was created in order to emphasize the considerable power of writing in the context of democracy when any person has a right to express his or her opinion (Shaya, 2012). However, in the present day, the description of media as the Forth Estate is frequently used for the expression of people’s mistrust of news coverage and journalists. Although, it has promised to ennoble, instruct, conduct, and entertain its audience exclusively from the position of objectivity and truth, media has currently distorted the main principles of its role being used by the business or government in their interests (Shaya, 2012). In general, the government relies on news media to inform citizens and communicate with people both within their country and across the globe. At the same time, it may control news and contribute to media bias. In the digital age, truth frequently loses its significance, and fake news are published by media that has a significance influence on individuals in order to persuade and manipulate the audience. In fact, all authors of articles and films admit that the current purpose of media considerably differs from its intended roles. According to McIntyre (2018), alternative facts, feelings, and personal opinions in favor of large companies and governments replace actual objective facts and evidence. The power of the media does not imply its ability to uplift, inform, enlighten, and inspire the audience, as the Forth Estate is currently used to mislead the audience, control viewers and readers, arouse hostility, provoke conflicts, and hide the power’s machinations (Shaya, 2012). Journalists follow the agenda of authorities and create confusion “on factual matters through nothing more than bogus skepticism” (McIntyre, 2018, p. 81). In addition, withing a framework of the competitive environment, the press and news agencies focus on insignificant events instead of serious global issues to satisfy the public’s demands and get profit. The Forth Estate probably remain its position of the world’s mirror, however, it focuses on people’s negative features, form their characters, and reflects selectively to present another global picture. At the same time, there are differences between the sources of information provided for the analysis. According to Shaya (2012), the influence and power of media are substantially exaggerated, and it does not have large, measurable, and direct effects on public opinion. In turn, Media Education Foundation (2018) the immeasurably strong influence of media on the audience in the digital age when news are available from any device at any time and in any place. In addition, the whole empire of fake news controls people’s perceptions, attitudes, behaviors, and views. In addition, not all authors mention the homogeneity of media and the absence of journalists and agencies that value truth and evidence. In their documentary, Amer and Noujaim (2019) address the reveal of