ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Postmodernism is a cultural movement that comments on the foundations and assumptions that make up most philosophical postulations especially modernism. Postmodernism was preceded by modernism, which can be described as a cultural movement that cuts across many different fields by moving away from what can be described as the traditional past of artists and academicians into a new way of life in terms of social, economic, and political aspects of the new modernising world. Postmodernism therefore comes up with new postulations and views away from modernism. It goes further to claim that everything perceived, expressed, and interpreted by people is influenced by their gender, class, and culture. Postmodernism plural approach to religion postulates that the knowledge possessed or used by people is partial and situated and that no single interpretation is superior to the other. Post modernism is boundless in nature as compared to modernism. Relativism on the other hand is a concept that believes that people’s views, for instance religious views, have no absolute truth: they only have a relative subjective value due to their differences in perception and considerations (Pyenson 2011, 390). With the above highlights on postmodern plural approach to religion and Ratzinger’s “dictatorship of relativism,” the paper confirms that indeed it is true that postmodern and plural approach to religion lead to a dictatorship of relativism. Dictatorship of Postmodernism and Relativism Ratzinger’s dictatorship of relativism is a notion that declares everything as uncertain. It centres on people’s ego. In their pursuit to accommodate all groups within their views, relativists try to give all people a chance to air out their views and or stick by them. This
Before starting this essay, we should understand what a painting is. The word ‘painting’ is a noun as well as it is a verb. The act of making a painting (noun) is a verb (painting). In this essay, one is going to be concerned with the noun form of painting. So ‘painting’ is the outcome of the process of applying different colour on a surface in an artistic manner. What an honor to quote the legend himself. Michelangelo seems to be philosophical when he said this, “Good painting is nothing else but a copy of the perfections of God and a reminder of His painting. Finally, good painting is a music and a melody which intellect only can appreciate, and with great difficulty,” (Michelangelo). The theoretical meaning of painting can be understood by, “We should remember that a picture – before being a war horse, a nude woman, or telling some story – is essentially a flat surface covered with colours arranged in a particular pattern.” (Denis). We comprehend that Michelangelo loved to paint because he wanted to venerate God through his efforts. Coming to the question, “Does the reproduction of a piece of art (i.e. a painting) diminish the original work of art’s value?” the answer is in the negative. No, the reproduction of a piece of art (i.e. a painting) does not diminish the original work of its value. But there is a stipulation. Any work that is being reproduced should not be misappropriated in any manner. The message or outcome should be the same as in the original one. There are people who might not have seen the original masterpiece. So when they see a reproduction, they should be able to visualize correctly about the original painting. If the painter of the reproduced painting is a skilled one, he or she will see to it that the ‘value’ of the painting is not diminished. In other words, the reproduced painting should be impressionist. Reproduced paintings are somewhat not liked by individual art collectors because they don’t know how many reproduction copies have been made. They t
Miller’s Tale is a short but humorous narrative written in the 14 th century in Britain. It belongs to a type of genres known as fabliau that were popular in France before spreading to various parts of Europe. In this type of genre, there is a great sense of realism than romance. Various characters are portrayed in a realism manner that shows an absence of magical aspects of the story. A Comparison of characters in this narrative shows evidence of the author’s ability to use people in reflecting the society. For instance, Emily and Alison are young ladies with the roles of describing the impact of ‘feminine love interest’ in the society (Morey, 2005). Emily is initially seen from a distance and is portrayed in ghostly or vague terms. On the other hand, Alison is depicted as a natural individual with human feelings and thoughts. She has cheerful lustiness, unlike Emily who has distinct lack of sexual enthusiasm. For instance, when praying to Diana, the Goddess of Chastity, Emily says that she wants to remain a virgin throughout her life rather than getting married. Despite this, Emily is first seen as the object of Arcite’s and Palamon’s male desires. She seems to be out of context of the human nature at the time, unlike Alison who is willing to love and partner with Nicholas in a romantic manner (Finlayson, 2002). In addition, the two women differ in their lifestyles. For instance, while Emily is simple, Alison is pretty and dresses in a tantalizing manner. Her clothes are embroidered on both inner and outer parts. In this context, Alison’s character is portrayed in a better and more elaborative manner than Emily’s character. This is an indication that the society of the time had high regards for women with normal human feelings and nature, especially those who were ready to marry and start families. Nicholas is a poor student of astronomy and lives with Alison and her elderly husband, John. He enters into a romantic relationship with Alison (Morey, 2005). He craves to have sex with Alison. To have sex with her, Nicholas dupes John to sit in a bathtub on the roof of his house as a way of avoiding a natural astrological phenomenon “larger than Noah’s Floods”. While the elderly man agrees to sit on the roof, Alison and Nicholas get the chance to have sex (Finlayson, 2002). However, Absalom visits them. Unlike the humorous and wise Nicholas, Absalom is relatively naive and foolish. He is a parish clerk but like Nicholas, he is attracted to Alison. Nicholas, despite being poor, is able to use his knowledge and intelligence to get his way. In fact, he is able to convince John, despite being older than him, to stay out of the house while he haves sex with his wife. He uses wits to get Alison, despite the fact that he does not even have a house (Finlayson, 2002). This is in contrast to the character of Absalom. Despite having a job, he cannot convince Alison to partner with him in a romantic manner. He cannot use his knowledge to dupe the elderly man. In addition, his lifestyle is different from that of Nicholas in many ways. For instance, he curls his hair and wears le
Pumpkin is a well-known herbaceous plant that falls under the plant genus namely; ‘Cucurbita’, which is positioned under the family ‘Cucurbitaceae’. Some of the major highly cultivated species of pumpkin include Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita mixta, and Cucurbita maxima. The differences between species are often small genetical differences and at the same time, the species can cross-fertilize. Pumpkin fruits are globular in structure with orange to orange-greenish in color Pumpkin has its evolution in the soils of North America. Pumpkins generally prefer temperate, sunny conditions for growth and are commonly grown in Pacific North America. The Northwestern United States has a semi-arid, temperate oceanic climate which is quite favorable for the growth of pumpkins. Pumpkins reproduce by seeds. The seedling of a pumpkin cannot sprout in cold soil as frost kills and destroys it. Therefore, warm soil is a must for pumpkins to grow and flourish. Pumpkin prefers to grow in soil that has an approximate pH ranging from 6 to 7 and a temperature roughly between sixty to seventy degrees Fahrenheit. “It is important to grow pumpkins in well-draining soil with plenty of organic material mixed in. Good sandy loam soil is appropriate and adding organic compost to the soil will guarantee healthy, well-draining soil” (Preparing your Garden). Pumpkin seeds are usually planted on small heaps of soil that are one to two inches deep, with each heap at a distance of approximately four to six feet from one another. As pumpkin requires a lot of nourishment, weeds and other crops should not be allowed to grow around it. “Pumpkins prefer soil that is not too wet so water them infrequently but at the same time, each watering should be good and deep soaking one. Plastic and organic mulches can be very useful when growing pumpkins to reduce weeds and to make full use of the watering “ (How Much to Water Pumpkins ). Magnesium, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Carotenoids are extracted from pumpkin to produce medicinal tablets. Pumpkin seed oil is also commercially available used for cooking purposes. Pureed pumpkin is commercially available in cans which can be used in making pumpkin pie. “Traditionally in folk medicine, the remedies made from pumpkin were used in treatments of disorders such as kidney inflammation and to eliminate intestinal parasites. Disorders of the prostate gland, as well as problems such as an irritable bladder, are treated using pumpkin seeds these days, the greatest use being in the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia” (Pumpkin Cucurbita pepo: Uses ). In North America, pumpkins are used as an ornamental beacon during Halloween and are now mostly referred to as the symbol of Halloween. In the United States, a popular competition game called ‘Pumpkin chunking’ takes place during the autumn season. Competitions are also held to find the heaviest and biggest pumpkins that have been cultivated across North America. The Pacific Northwest Giant Pumpkin Growers (PNWGPG) is an association that promotes games and festivals related to giant pumpkins. The growing immigrant population of Hispanics a
The patient is a 30-year-old female who is married and has three children. Her ethnicity and religious beliefs are not identified. The woman works full-time. The learning need related to this patient is associated with health promotion. Considering that she smokes, has a large family, and high-stress rates, the patient is at risk of hypertension. Stanhope and Lancaster (2014) define health promotion as “activities that have as their goal the development of human attitudes and behaviors that maintain or enhance well-being” (p. 34). In this regard, it is essential to provide learning for this patient, making it clear that preventative measures are to be performed on a constant basis. Namely, there is a need for developing the care plan for health promotion and hypertension prevention. The patient may come up with the following goal: to avoid hypertension to prevent health complications and feel better. To accomplish the client’s goal, a nurse should initiate the teaching sessions, through which the most important information is to be revealed. First of all, it is necessary to develop proper eating habits and try to avoid smoking. Moreover, adequate physical exercises, as well as psychological relief, compose an effective way to prevent hypertension. The paramount issue is that it is the patient who is responsible for all the above initiatives. The measurable objective may be stated as follows: I will start a healthier lifestyle. Family support plays an essential role in the struggle against hypertension. It may be rather difficult for the patient to change her lifestyle. The family members may help her both psychologically and physically. For example, it is useful to spent evenings, playing some active games, or visiting the gym. In case the whole family would change their eating habits, namely, avoid fast food and eat more vegetables, it would be easier for the patient to adjust to a new lifestyle. It is significant to strengthen the patient’s motivation and progress through psychological assistance. A nurse should personally communicate with the patient, talking to her, and carefully listening to her needs and expectations. Nowadays, the issue of hypertension is a rather serious problem. Approximately 29 percent of the US adult population (75 million people) suffer from the periodic or continuous high blood pressure that is also known as hypertension, as stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“High Blood Pressure Facts,” 2015). It should also be noted that health-related quality of life and well-being objective stated by Healthy People 2020 aims at improving the lives of all individuals. According to the mentioned objective, the overall well-being is to be achieved through a positive impact on the health status (“Health-Related Quality of Life & Well-Being,” 2017). In this connection, the community resources are to be used to help the patient to achieve her goal. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may be contacted to identify the most applicable community resource and also receive additional recommendations. The patient’s plan of
Introduction Polygamy refers to the “practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time” (Zeitzen 13). The practice of being married to more than one wife is referred to as polygyny. On the other hand, a marriage relationship in which a woman has more than one husband is referred to as polyandry. Generally, polygyny is very common in most parts of the world. Nearly 85% of communities in the world recognize polygynous marriages (Henrich, Boyd and Richerson 657-669). By contrast, polyandrous marriages are very rare. Polygamy is one of the oldest cultural practices that are likely to persist throughout the 21 st century. Despite being criminalized in the western world, as well as, some African and Asian countries, men continue to embrace plural marriages. Those who oppose polygamy believe that it is an outdated cultural practice that leads to social deprivation and antagonism in the family. However, those who support polygamy perceive it as a solution to social and cultural issues such as prostitution and adultery. This paper will discuss the arguments for and against polygamy. The discussion will consider cultural, economic, evolutionary, social, and legal perspectives on polygamy. The discussion will support the thesis/ premise that polygamy should be decriminalized to enhance social and economic prosperity. Evolutionary Perspective The evolutionary perspective indicates that polygyny has always been part of the human history. The Bible and the Quran indicate that famous religious leaders such as Abraham, King Solomon, King David, and Prophet Muhammad were polygynous (Milton 42). Some psychologists and evolution scientists argue that polygamy is innate among men (Milton 43). Thus, men get involved in plural marriages as a response to their natural desires rather than to commit a crime. Empirical studies indicate that polygyny has a positive correlation with the extent to which the males of various animal species are larger or taller than their female counterparts (Milton 47). Specifically, polygyny is high among animal species whose males are significantly larger than their female counterparts and vice versa. Generally, “men are at least 10% taller than women” (Bennion 73). In addition, men are “at least 20% heavier than their female counterparts” (Bennion 74). This means that human beings are naturally polygamous albeit at a low level. As a result, men have to compete for women in order to satisfy their reproductive needs. In this regard, the following arguments have been used to oppose polygamy. First, tall or big men have greater mating opportunities than short men. This argument is based on the premise that big men c
Introduction Financial derivatives are essentially documents or agreements that govern two or more parties in a financial agreement. Financial derivatives normally have an underlying value determinant which may depend on many factors such as currency, stocks, price of gold, silver, and even factors such as the weather condition (Paxford, 2010). In other words, this is a financial agreement that is determined by the prevalent future values of a given asset which may be shares or currencies; whichever the agreement may be. Many kinds of derivatives are currently in existence but notable among them are swaps, futures, and options (Paxford, 2010). The scope of derivatives is virtually endless because they can be placed in any form of financial security. The real definition behind a derivative is therefore a financial agreement that is based on a contingent future outcome of an underlying factor (Paxford, 2010). In this regard, there exists a common difference between Islamic derivatives and contemporary financial derivatives. In the analysis of Islamic derivates, it is essential that one effectively conceptualizes the true essence of these derivatives. In other words, the analysis has to be made concerning its meaning and scope. Contemporary financial derivatives should be analyzed in the same way if their true differences are to be effectively pointed out. As the world slowly becomes a global village, cross-border investments are quickly becoming a financial norm and investors are interacting with Islamic financial institutions at many levels. Such investors need to be versant with both Islamic and contemporary financial derivates such that they can make informed decisions when dealing with institutions that deal in both (Kolb, 2003). Conflict always arises between the drafting of contemporary financial derivatives and Islamic derivatives especially when drawing up contracts because Islamic derivatives are under the sharia law while contemporary financial derivatives are governed by the English common law (Kolb, 2003). This study will therefore analyze the existing differences between the two derivatives concerning their scopes and meanings. Literature Review Many scholars equate the forward derivative in contemporary finance as equal to the Bai Salam
Prof. Alac’s observation of the fMRI practitioner as “multi-modal” and “cyborg-like” Alac refers to the practitioners’ observation as multi-modal because she notes that the researchers aren’t passive and actively involve themselves in laboratory practices. Prof. Alac’s attitude to Holmes and Pettigrew’s use of “the mind” interchangeably with “the brain” Alac felt uneasy with Pettigrews’ remarks because she felt like they were trying to detach our brains from our bodies and our bodies from their social-cultural environment. Prof. Alac’s use pf the term embodiment Alac uses the term embodiment to try and relate the digital brain with its surrounding, just as how human thinking engages the whole body and its world. (Alac, 41). The decreased popularity of small-scale laboratory studies Due to the very expensive scanning machines and their enormous sizes, the popularity of laboratories has decreased in recent years. However, research must continue to help determine the relationship between the work done in the labs and the condition of the facts developed at the laboratory. Digital film as a method to collect and analyze data during Morana Alac’s ethnographic study of neuroscientists Digital films are important in these computerized times. They will help tell more of ourselves and our surroundings in addition, so neuroscientists think with their hands as they go about their work. Works Cited Alac, Morana. Handling Digital Brains: A Laboratory Study of Multimodal Semiotic Interaction in the Age of Computers . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011. Print.
Using appropriate theory and models identify the major external factors which have undermined Fords Strategic position as at 2007. 2007 was considered to be the year of great losses for Ford Motor Co. The losses were even bigger than it was forecasted and the experts did not reject the greater losses in the future. Ford’s leading F-series were at the bottom of sales and the company had to cope with those problems as far as it could (Isidore 2007). The company’s position was not a surprise for the Wall Street as due to some specific external factors the situation was predicted. Globalization is one of the main external impacts on the company performance. The increase of the competitors from other countries, such as Japan, does not give Ford Motor Co. an opportunity to follow their fast change and meeting consumers’ tastes. Japan swiftly entered the US market and gained a leading position. Placing its manufacturing in low-wage and non-union regions in the USA, it was in the privileged position. Toyota and other companies also entered the international market and their manufacturing activities were greater than those of Ford Motor Co. were Thus, it may be stated that high competition was one more reason which caused the decline of the production in Ford Motor Co. (Schifferes 2007). Financial crisis of 2007-2009 was one more reason which impacted Ford’ decline in sales. The inability to meet the coming changes and accommodate to them was one more external factor which identified the company’s position in 2007. Using ‘financialization’ strategies, Ford tried to save its position as the reduction in sales was observed even before 2007 and the financial crisis could have been devastating for the company. The government offered help and implemented a number of policies to protect automotive industry (Bailey, Ruyter, Michie & Tyler 2010). However, Ford did not want to take the governmental help, it was assured that it could cope individually, without influential assistance (Schifferes 2007). Which changes in the automotive industries Critical Success Factors, over recent years have most impacted upon this organisation, in terms of its current level of “EVR” congruency or loss? i.e. Environment, Values and Resources, from Thompson and Martin (2005). Before getting down to discussing changes in the automotive industries Critical Success Factors which influenced Ford Motor Co. over recent years, it is important to understand the nature of Environment, Values and Resources. According to Thompson and Martin (2005), E-V-R congruency is a guarantee of successful business strategy. The figure 1 helps understand the real nature of the congruency and explain the role of each factor in the model. Therefore, it may be concluded that E-V-R congruency is an essential part of international strategy which Ford Motor Co. tried to achieve. Thompson and Martin (2005) are sure that financial success fails to be the only guarantee of leading effective business in the company. Furthermore, they even declare that the absence of E-V-R congruency is one of the reasons of busin