ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Humanitarianism as a Politics of Life This article closely discusses how humanitarian intervention is run in a similar manner to politics. The arguments made herein make a lot sense since they are supported by illustration of humanitarian intervention missions that are public knowledge. I agree with the author that humanitarian interventions in many cases involve weighing risks. The making of decision is complicated by the fact that these actions involve saving lives and losing lives – the stakes are always high. I also agree that humanitarian intervention has helped to show that all lives are sacred and ought to be preserved. It is also surprising that even within humanitarian intervention bodies politics is played on how the staff members are handled. This article is thought provoking and its opinions are worth considering in international relations issues especially where humanitarian interventions are in question. The Politics of Naming: Genocide, Civil War, And Insurgency This article shows the difference in action that names may carry. By substituting the name ‘genocide’ with ‘insurgency’ or ‘civil war’ a big di
Nowadays, life runs extremely fast; each year occurs a number of various companies that want to achieve success on the market. In order not to be forgotten and vanish, they need to be able to meet competition. That is why the company is to clarify its competitive advantage. This concept includes particular attributes that can be used to excel in competitors. For this, it is important to settle on a particular place on the market (Fortuin 26). The capability to stick to it while enduring the changes that influence the functioning of the company and also to adapt to them (which is called dynamic capability) occurs to be vital if the company does not want to lose its place (Teece 7). While developing and managing dynamic capabilities, the organization may face some issues. The general processes are not that easy to track, as this function is still in formative stages. The workers will need to examine and deepen into the specific activities connected with these capabilities, as a further development in the area will be almost impossible without this knowledge. The resources can stay
Introduction Is it enough to demonstrate a product and list its functions to impress the target customer? Not in the age of abundance and violent competition in the market. What actually works is the use of ambiguous images that deliver simple truths in an original way. When it comes to the field of healthcare, advertisements are to influence the readers’ decision-making by appealing to their health consciousness. Crest, a famous dental care brand, attempts to do it by comparing teeth with cavities to dice. In its vintage toothpaste advertisement, Crest reaches the target audience by using ethos, pathos, and kairos, but failure to provide details about research decreases the effectiveness of appeals to reason. The Ad’s Intended Audience and Purpose The purpose of the advertisement is to increase the popularity of the brand’s anti-cavity toothpaste. The text is aimed at reaching people in English-speaking countries. Since the problem of dental cavities affects both men and women, the target community includes people of both genders. Concerning educational levels, to understand the message, a person should be able to read and aware of the most common dental problems. As dental cavities are especially common in children and older adults, it would be logical to target the text at parents and consumers of advanced age (Slayton et al. 1). People’s experiences with dental health issues also play a significant role in defining the intended audience. In particular, the advertisement is likely to appeal to individuals with a history of dental problems reducing the quality of life. Overall, the target customer is an adult English speaker with basic knowledge concerning dental health and experiences in dealing with dental problems. The authors pay attention to the audience’s characteristics with varying success. As for particular issues, a person with basic knowledge of the topic can quickly get the message behind the image. However, to understand why Crest is presented as the most recommended toothpaste, one needs to know about the therapeutic uses of fluoride and its cavity prevention effects, but this information is absent. Other distinctive traits of the audience are taken into account since the depiction of teeth with holes is likely to elicit a strong emotional response in those who have ever had dental issues. Moreover, since dice are widely used in English-speaking countries, and people understand their functions, the visual means are selected with reference to cultural traits. Rhetorical Appeals: Ethos, Pathos, Logos, and Kairos Statements made by qualified experts or well-known companies are known to inspire trust, and modern advertisers widely use appeals to authorities of ethos to affect people’s purchasing decisions. In the analyzed text, Crest is presented as a widely recognized brand, which creates confidence in the product’s quality. Throughout
National tourism organizations have a very important role to play in the selling of a country globally. The first ever National Tourism Organization was founded in New Zealand in the year 1901. Although New Zealand is a small country, it has the biggest ideas in developing and maintaining tourist attraction. More NTO‘s were founded after the first NTO with far reaching success. This led to the formation of NTO‘s in almost all other countries of the world with the sole objective of making those countries known better as tourist destinations. These organizations are important because tourism is a very vital sector in most economies of the world. It is actually to some countries the biggest income earner. NTO’s in their function of promoting a countries tourism sector perform many functions. First, they have to create a brand image for their country. Lately, the term ’brand’ has been internationally accepted in the field of Tourism. It is that enduring image of a country in the travelers mind, acquired both from knowledge and from personal emotions (Lennon, 2000). Knowledge comes from reading, information from friends or even the internet. Through national brand creation campaigns, National Tourism Boards have a responsibility to create a positive, attractive and informative education to the world about their respective countries. This is possible through aggressive advertising campaigns through international TV and Radio channels mostly using the latest technology (Beaver, 2002). Feelings come from human experiences and things that we are exposed to in the environment. NTOs have the responsibility of creating a national image for their countries that will be associated with positive emotions by the prospective tourists to their countries. NTOs in countries that have been war torn such as Somalia or Syria for example have to embark on a campaign to reconstruct the image of their countries in the global tourist market. They, therefore, have to create impressions and images that the billions of the world population will associate with those countries. This positive image will serve to replace the unsafe and war torn knowledge and emotions of fear in the minds of tourists (Wilkerson, 2003). NTOs have also the function of developing and maintaining tourism infrastructure in their countries. These entail tourist attraction sites such as Nati
According to Vince Lombardi “leaders aren’t born, they are made”, which makes it crucial for potential leaders to analyze and explore their experiences which will enable them to develop leadership skills and augment their focus towards customer satisfaction in their careers. On my several visits to restaurants I observed managers and witnessed their communication with clients and customers. I noticed that managers are extremely polite and sensitive to the needs of customers and make every effort to listen to them carefully so that each and every need of theirs is appropriately met. In this paper, I aim to analyze my personal experiences with the restaurant, with the purpose of developing my leadership qualities so that I will be able to lead effectively and improve my communication skills for enhanced customer focus. Leadership has been described as a process that entails interactions between managers and members of the team, so that managers function as leaders and influence their teams to obtain the aims and goals of the organization which they serve (Kramer, 2008). However, Communication is of crucial importance in leadership and the two have been “linked” together (Flauto, 1999). Since interactions and communication are an important and indispensable aspect of effective leadership, it is essential for leaders to comprehend their communication styles which impact their ability to collaborate so that they can sculpt their communication style to enable them to succeed in organizations (Wieand, Birchfield and Johnson, 2008). During the visits to restaurants, I noticed that managers have a distinct style of communication which makes them sincere and active listeners, and completely committed to their clients. Additionally, restaurant managers also have to appropriately communicate the needs of their customers to the kitchen staff, so that the best possible services are rendered to clients. I have noticed that handling people effectively is an important leadership trait for managers to succeed in the hospitality industry. Research also confirms the necessity of six important skills or competencies to effectively handle people (Sanborn, 1996). These skills have been identified as the basic communication skills of listening carefully and accurately, and organizing appropriately. Managers need to listen to the needs of their customers and ensure that the best services are offered to them, so that clients are completely satisfied. Moreover, providing lucid information regarding tasks and activities and the ability to obtain “unbiased” data and knowledge is also a vital skill among managers who aspire to be efficient leaders in restaurants. Thus, managers of restaurants have to communicate to the chefs and other restaurant staff any shortcomings which the customers may have notified them about. By doing so, managers can take appropriate steps to change any undesirable aspects of the restaurant which could impede customer satisfaction. Additionally, managers are also required to possess the ability to supervise
Network neutrality and why the internet so far has worked under it Network neutrality, also in a short form referred to as net neutrality, is more of a freedom call for the internet users not to be restricted by internet service providers on the web content they can access or that they can upload on the web. According to Farber, this has made it a grand issue on a policy that is bound to change the use of the internet by both businesses and individuals. At its inception, the internet has continued to run under this principle which has been instrumental to its growth and new ideas. Farber goes on to explain how the concept of evenly balanced access to web content has contributed to the drastic growth seen in internet use. Those for and against network neutrality and their reasons The customers of the network providers support network neutrality and propose a regulation that will favor them. They argue that allowing broadband carriers to manipulate what is accessed online would be detrimental to the principles behind the success of the internet (Farber 451). Farber goes on to illustrate that shortly, a huge number of web users will face restrictions from internet service providers who discriminate against certain online activities. Stakeholders in the internet industry have pushed for legislation to control internet principles. Most suggest that broadband carriers are impartial and will not protect proper legislation. New trends on the internet will limit the choice of broadband carriers. The legislation should control the activity of the broadband carriers. Control of information should not be left to the carriers as they may be biased. This will result in total dominati
Introduction Education is a serious business that usually requires people’s time, efforts, and money. If people make an attempt to invest into the process of education, they underline the necessity to take care of their safe future and success. It is not enough to think about the process of education for some period of time. It is more important to find efforts and develop skills constantly to achieve better results and recognition in the chosen field. Among other education systems, the United States are defined as the country with the largest and most flexible system in the whole world. The main point is that different stakeholders want to know how this type of education and the presence of international students in the U.S. may influence the economical side of the country: costs spent on international students’ living being or the benefits of the studying process. This is why the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the variety of benefits and costs which are connected to the idea of international students from Asia and their education in American colleges and universities. Although international Asian students have a lot of difficulties and costs, the benefits of studying in the United States outweigh the costs. International students face many disadvantages during the process of education in American colleges and universities Institute of International Education (IIE) published numerous Open Doors reports that helps to evaluate the situation in American colleges and universities. The representatives of the Institute of International Education admit that the number of international students in America is about 671,616 in the 2009-2010 academic year that is now more than 10% of total students in American colleges and universities (1). Open Door data also show that of all international students, 54% students came from Asia countries such as China (14%), South Korea (11%), Japan (4%), Taiwan (4%), Vietnam (3%), and so on. International students have financial difficulties in the U.S such as financial pressure, language proficiency, and cultural difference. The number of Asian international students has increased significantly in the past 50 years. International students increasing enrolment make us think about what are benefits from studying in the U.S. The economist Kickert states that whenever someone is in a position of picking out one decision from many, then he or she must have determined the costs and benefits involved in each of them (154). For international students, rational enough the final choice would of course bear less or actually minimum expenditure and maximum possible gain. Although international Asian students make many sacrifices, the benefits of studying in the United States outweigh costs. Financial pressure is a great difficulty among Asian international students, and the investigations of one social writer, Liu, turn out to be rather effective for the chosen field. “In fact, when asked to rank the
Pre-Vietnam war time in the United States has already showed signs that some people were in major opposition judging the actions of the government. The time of the war confirmed that many Americans were against it and this could be evident from the great number of protests that took place. Some people were willing to go great distances in the movement against violent action. Overall, usually strong American social unity was divided into two, those who supported the war and those who were against, but with the passage of time and acquisition of true understanding, the number of supporters drastically decreased. During the 1960’s and more particularly during the Vietnam War, United States has experienced a social movement that was a large scale separation between those who thought that military action against Vietnam was justified and those who made strong points that America had no place in Vietnam. In the year 1965, more than half of American citizens believed that United States must take active part in the Vietnam Conflict. These Americans supported their government and this was enough for the authorities to rely on. But it is very concerning that the other half either were against or had no opinion. Next year the number of supporters started to decline steadily but this was not enough and not a reason for the American troops to get withdrawn from Vietnam. A closer look at people’s reasoning in the opposition to the war shows a differentiation between classes within society, occupations and age groups. Those who were in support were mostly younger population. One of the possible explanations is that younger people are not as rational as the older population and do not have as much life experience. But, at the same time, there was a very significant amount of younger population that was against the war. One of the reasons is the opposition to the drafting process. Even in the state of peace there are many people who oppose war and any violent conflict, even if there are good reasons for it. For example, pacifists believe that humanity, civilized people, should never resort to violence when resolving a conflict. Many of the younger population were pacifists, as they were opposed to any violence. Those who did not want to get drafted realized that they would face harsh conditions and very possibly death. In comparison to those who supported the war, it is clear that the obvious majority were those who did not get drafted or were volunteers to participate in the military violent action. This created a great separation within the society in the younger population (Gilbert 23). One of the strong points that came out of the drafting process was the separation between classes. It was those in the lower and middle socio economic class that would get drafted, with anyone in the higher class having a greater ability to avoid any unwanted participation in the matter. The fact that people started to take part in demonstrations and openly protest any drafting and involvement of the United States in the war, created even more attention towards the Viet
Executive Summary Vera Bradley is an American Handbags and Leather accessories company that focuses on the manufacture and sale of luggage bags, women handbags, and accessories. This industry is a multi-billion dollar business, which was estimated at $96 billion in 2013 (Han, Nunes, and Dreze 3). The largest markets for the handbag and leather accessories in terms of total industry sales include the United States with 36%, Europe with 21%, Japan with 16%, and China with 11% of industry sales (Han, Nunes, and Dreze 12). Vera Bradley operates in a highly competitive environment where other highly successful handbags and leather accessories makers include Coach, Michael Kors, and Kate Spade in the United States, Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Hermes, and Cartier in the international market. The company sells its products through various channels such as indirect department store and specialty retailer channels (Vera Bradley 5). Options In its initial years, Vera Bradley focused solely on the production and sale of duffel bags, handbags, and sports bags (Vera Bradley 4). However, by 2014, the company had made significant strides towards diversification where it sold a wide range of products, including luggage bags, wallets, purses, jewelry, cell phones and computer covers, a wide variety of bags, lunch sacks, scarves, baby clothing, and beach accessories among other products (Vera Bradley 5). Strategic Issues The key strategic issues concerning the company focus on expanding to new markets without the necessary capability in terms of distribution to serve its market. Such a strategy has led to many shortages and delays of its products in its specialty stores. The other central strategy relates to the adoption of online platforms as important mechanisms for selling its products. Lastly, slow automations and implementation of technologies led to slow production and hence the slow growth that the company has experienced in the last few years. Implementable Recommendation and Justification The construction of large warehouses and the automation of operations have allowed the company to increase its efficiency. Further, the adoption of eCommerce, the company has opened a
Having spent most of his life in Switzerland, David Birmingham returned to his home country in the 1990s to concentrate on his scholarly work. Remarkably Birmingham has made two significant contributions in the filed of history: he has authored many history books especially on African history including “ Kwame Nkrumah”, “Empire in Africa”, “Portugal and Africa” among others, as well as holding the chairmanship of department Modern History, University of Kent, England. He attributes his success to many of African historians from whom he learned a lot throughout the years he interacted with them. In his book “The Decolonization of Africa” Birmingham, argues that the process of decolonization of Africa had ripple effects in other parts of the world, such as the civil rights movement in America, and the need to rebuilding of the post World War II Europe. While the title of the book is about decolonization, the contents implicitly mirror colonization of Africa. Birmingham sarcastically pokes at the European claims of brining civilization to the Dark Continent and further claims that the real civilization was gradually ushered through democratization of Africa (Birmingham 1). Birmingham, unlike many other historians, avoids making sweeping generalization to the effect that the colonizers had absolute dominance over Africa and asserts that the traditional African governments run concurrent with colonial governments, which were military based. Furthermore, he looks beyond the African continents into Asia and the Latin America and makes good comparisons with the decolonization efforts in those continents. In this regard, Birmingham portrays colonization as not only limited to Africa and in doing so makes a very good assertion that the colonizers intended to ‘civilize’ the whole world. Despite the authoritarian colonial rule, the process of democratization began before full colonization was realized. Therefore, democratization of Africa was not instant, but characterized by arbitrary authoritarianism (Birmingham 6). “The Decolonization of Africa” is an audacious attempt at introducing an important subject in contemporary studies in history; the (de)colonization of Africa. Birmingham divides the book into five major chapters, which represents five major geographical regions. While the chapters portray Africa’s fight for independence in five major regions, Birmingham does very well to show how three major factors namely indigenous nationalism, foreign pressure and the retreat of the colonizers interplayed within all the regions and gradually lead to independence and the eventual democratization of African states (Birmingham 9, 14, 28,). Yet Birmingham manages to present a nuanced outline of the decolonization process in the five geographical regions as: nationalistic movements in the north of Africa, liberation movements in east of Africa, neo-colonial ideologies in the west, rebel movement in central Africa and race relations in