ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ethical decision making is a key requirement for the success of any business organization. It usually involves a critical analysis of forthcoming organizational impacts based on the present facts (L’Etang & Pieczka, 2006). The practice of ethics in business is critical, particularly in situations where the business firms are faced with infringement or the employees of the firm are subjected to the process of legal investigation. The increase in business scandals in the recent past poses need to have an ethical framework in the execution of business processes and making of ethical business decisions. Ethical decision making is always a subject of the top level management, however, failure to apply ethical decision making always affects the entire business structure, ranging from the top management to the lower level staff of the organization. Multinational companies are subject to public attention; this implies that internal business scandals usually affect the people’s perception towards the organization (L’Etang & Pieczka, 2006). This essay attempts to analyze the implications of unethical decision making procedures on multinational companies, with a particular concern on clothing manufacturers and retailers; Adidas and Wal-Mart. Strategic management is a key factor in influencing the reputation of an organization (Mallaby, 2005). As a requirement for global corporations, Adidas and Wal-Mart have to be involved in partnerships with various stakeholders such as labor unions, religious organizations, community members and other regulating bodies such as environmentalist authorities. Wal-Mart has been subject to criticism concerning its business policies and ethical practices; one of such complaints that have been directed to Wal-Mart is the lack of unjust employment opportunities, lawsuit issues, lack of health insurance schemes for its employees (Smit, 2009). Corporate ethics has subjected Wal-Mart to equal criticism, with a focus on the implications it have on the employees. Unethical business practices do not usually turn out to favor corporations, as depicted in the decrease of the Wal-Mart stock during 2006 by 30 per cent. As a matter of fact, the increasing negative perceptions of the company causing a hindrance to the growth of the company, both from an internal and external point of view. It was therefore critical that Wal-Mart had to approach such issues at hand through effective and strategic communication, since its corporate image greatly depended on the negative perceptions from the public. The approach that Wal-Mart deployed towards the effective management of such crisis was Corporate Reputation management (CRM). This strategy was primarily aimed at streamlini
The Movie Fight club is popular among young people who are known for their reluctance to read. It retells the story from its original source of adaptation, a novel called Fight Club. The movie is full of violence, suspense and people who are disgruntled with modern social, political and economic systems. There is a general suggestion in the movie that the answer to all these problems cannot be found through self improvement but through self destruction. It turns out that the protagonist has been inflicting self damage as the person he is fighting is no other than himself. The movie portrays the illogical overindulgence of men’s movement and the degrading effects of consumer culture. In fight Club, Druden is symbolic of rebellious force dedicated to tearing down the unreliable and middling way of modern life. The violence shown in the movie depicts fabricated realities, materialism and consumerism that is often sold to the public through media commercials (Fincher, 1999). Druden observes that he is part of what he calls middle children of history who have been raised by television to believe that they will at some point in their lives become rich and famous people, something that will never happen. The movie rails against consumerism. When the protagonist discovers that his followers have discovered his true identity, he resolves to put an end to project mayhem (Fincher, 1999). Tyler is eventually isolated by this move and is left powerless both economically and politically. His indifference towards suffering is symbolic of capitalism that ends’ being oppressive towards common workers by reducing them to objects whose sole purpose is to facilitate financial transactions. The family is not an exception in this absurd treatment of human beings by the capitalist system. The protagonist notes that his own father managed family like a business entity by serially divorcing and starting up a new family at the end of every six years. He also notes that his father disappeared at some point in his lifetime; this is symbolic of removal of God from western civilization. The protagonist’s confusion leads him to be sexually attracted to Druden. The movie uses political themes to show the future of contemporary politics. Like zeitgeist, the movie shows that authoritarian institutions evolved from revolutionary left-wing movements. This suggests that people should not blindly follow today’s upcoming movements such as gay liberation, feminism, anti-globalization etc that purport to be a cure against postmodern political oppression. The proposed radical solution can turn out to be a permanent social and political problem should the cure fail to work (Fincher, 1999). The final part of the movie ends w
Introduction Thomas Malthus was an English economist who made projections about population growth and based his theory on the population explosion that had begun to show signs in the eighteenth century. He argued that the population would increase at a faster rate compared to the increase in the supply of food. His theory provided that ultimately the size of the population would reach a level whereby there would be a limit to the available resources and any subsequent increase in the number of people would cause a crash in the population by the occurrence of natural circumstances such as famine, disease, war, high infant mortality and war or moral restraints. Malthus was quite unoptimistic about the outcomes and believed that measures such as adopting moral restraints in controlling births would be able to prevent the impending predicament (T R Malthus, 1798). His theory has proved to be true with the widespread famines in Ethiopia and other countries where poverty, civil war and drought have adversely impacted agricultural outputs. On a positive note, the agrarian revolutions in developed countries such as the UK and USA significantly increased food production and measures initiated in contraception resulted in a reduced birth rate. In keeping with such trends, some countries such as India and China have adopted policies to control growth in population. There has been considerable disagreement with the assertions made by Malthus in regard to his theory, especially in modern times. His claim that the size of the population needs to be curbed is believed by many to be unwarranted because trends have shown during the past that high growth in population does not adversely impact development. They argue that there is a natural tendency for population to control itself and human beings are themselves a resource since a larger population implies that there are many more minds involved in the invention of new technologies to consistently cater to the growing demands of a larger population. They have dismissed the idea that scarcity of resources will result because data clearly indicates that after adjusting prices for inflation, they have actually declined with time. Since modern economic theories provide for higher supplies to result in lower prices of goods and services, it leads to the conclusion that the available resources are not diminishing. Neo Malthusianism relates to the original ideas of Malthus and its supporters believe that although the growth in resources is taking place but at any given time there is a finite quantity of the severable resources that are non renewable whereby there will be a time when they will be depleted and the population will suffer from severe shortages. There are some differences between Neo Malthusians and Malthus. While Malthus believed that the troubles from excess population would eventually start some time in the coming future, Neo Malthusians are of the opinion that the adversities such as drought and famine would occur very soon. Neo Malthusians favor the use of contraceptive measures and other birth control practices to control and curb population growth. Opponents of Malthus
Introduction The life of different people in the society may be of two types, those who are famous and those who are not. The life of famous people is followed and their impact on the society is also considered. Upton Sinclair is the person who became famous in the American society at the beginning of the XX century and made a great contribution in the people’s self-consciousness and their awareness in the modern world. Main Text Shifting to the biography of such famous person, it is impossible to avoid that his family was rather poor. He was born in 1878 in Baltimore, Maryland. Being 15, he began to write his first novels. Having married, the financial situation of the family was bad, and the birth of the son led to the worse condition. The refusal to devote his life to nothing but writing, led to numerous conflicts and the divorce followed in 1911 (The Jungle by Upton Sinclair). The life of the writer had changed significantly after the edition of his book “The Jungle”. Upton Sinclair was invited to the White House by the President Theodore Roosevelt. Moreover, the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was adopted after the book was investigated and the necessary information taken into account. There were a lot of other (more than 90) publications of this author. Besides the numerous books of his, the articles were also rather productive. There were several articles, which contained the information about the author’s devotion to foreign languages. In addition, Upton Sinclair could fluently read on French, Italian and German, knew Greek and Latin grammar, and was proud of his knowledge (Subačius, 2006). The contribution of Upton Sinclair was not only the written works, which were rather useful to the society, but also his support of the social layers of the society. Miners, women and other people were supported by Upton Sinclair. He was one of the creators of the American Civil Liberties Union. He was one of the leaders, who made offered the society to change the system which was and to address all the inconveniences to the government. The ideas i8n the change of the society were as follows, to create the minimum wage, to state the maximum working hours, there was “no employer liability, no food and drug laws, no votes for women, no education on birth control and venereal disease, few unions, no health insurance, no social security, and no unemployment compensation” (Whitt, 2008, p. 32). Upton Sinclair fought for all these changes and believed in their providing in the society. One of the biggest works which was provided by Upton Sinclair was the agitation work, as the life of simple workers was not good, and Upton Sinclair was trusted, he wa
Edgar Allan Poe’s story The Black Cat is one of the most memorable as it explores the psychological self-destruction of a man. The cat itself is an important symbol that plays the role of an omen, which leads his owner down the road of insanity and loss of reasoning. As it is believed that black cats are “witches in disguise,” it is not surprising that Poe chose to use a cat to add to the dark and magical mood of the story. While the narrator dismissed the possible magical significance of the cat, the superstition gave flavor to the story. For instance, when the main character looked at the image of the cat on the wall, he saw it as “gigantic”; however, whether the size of the animal was an expression of paranormal or the product of imagination remained for the story’s readers to be discovered. In a similar vein, the main character saw the patch of white fur on the animal to take the shape of gallows, a “mournful and terrible engine of horror and crime.” Although, it is much more likely that the transformation was a twisting of the narrator’s mind. When speaking of the cat as not the symbol of witchcraft but rather a sign of a human being’s capacity to observe personal destruction, the first black cat that appeared in the story as a symbol of the main character’s evil mind and heart. Pluto was named after the God of the Underworld and was hung by his owner who understood the evil of his crime and felt guilt. Although, the sense of guilt disappeared after the narrator killed his wife, which pointed to his perverseness and aggression as “one of the primitive impulses of the human heart.” The character of the second black cat did not only remind the owner of his deterioration but also that he was initially prone to perverseness. It became clear that the cat was an omen – a sign that predicted a bad event, according to the superstition. The cat warned its owner of the dangers of alcohol, a substance that destroyed the lives of many. In the beginning, the narrator seemed to love both his wife and pets; although, by the end of the story, the innate struggles of the main character overtook and made him impartial to the fate of his loved ones.
Physical and Logical Designs of a Network The two important domains in networking are the physical and logical topology. These two layouts are important in networking; the connectivity between two computers can be made easier using either of these two domains. Physical network topography is based on the physical hardware used for the connection. A physical layout could be as a ring, or star. The physical design can be installed in different forms. Bus layout: This pattern consists of a connecting cable that connects all the systems. Bus layout is installed with a cable that links the entire computers to a network. Its installation is inexpensive, upgradeable and performs well when used to link an office. The bus topology can be damaged easily because; its connections are externally installed, when this happens all connections would be terminated. The kind of layout used to organize a physical topology would determine the efficiency in communication between the systems. The choice of physical topology can be influenced by  1. The cost of procurement and installation of various components.  2. The range or band: The higher the bandwidth of outflow the better the choice of physical topology.  3. Complexity of the network. To avoid complex problems, most network providers’ uses simple physical layout to connect one or two computers for communication.  4. Expansion: Network builders consider this option before choosing a layout; they would consider how easy it would be to upgrade the network when the need for expansions arises. The physical network design as the name implies, is the physical components used for installation. Physical layout of a network is the hardware on which the network topology is built. The elements of a physical network design consist of routers, cables, connecting cables, laptops, desktops, switches. The features of the physical network layout consist of  1. Local Area Network: This hardware provides the environment for connectivity between two computers. The c
First and foremost it must be mentioned that 80% of the world’s current power supply comes directly from fossil fuel resources of which coal burning power plants contribute a great percentage to. As populations grow within particular urban centers the demand for power increases and as such it has been shown by studies such as those by French (2008) that the predilection of most global governments has been to create more fossil fuel burning power plants due to their relatively inexpensive cost in building and the fact that they have worked effectively for so long (French, 2008). Unfortunately several independent studies which examined the water quality of rivers near powerplants revealed that on average such rivers only contained 5 percent of the amount of oxygen fish needed to survive as well as also contained sulphate levels that were shown to
Introduction The emerging technologies are transforming the people’s way of life in the current society. Business environment has been heavily affected by the new technological inventions. The world has been turned into a small global village. Transport and communication systems have highly improved from the beginning of the twenty-first century (Cook 2004, p. 68). Various sectors of business have been affected by these new inventions. One of the areas that have received heavy impact from the emerging technologies is marketing. Emerging technologies have redefined marketing in the current society. For a long time the marketing was considered as a unit within the production department. After the Second World War, the market became a huge one, but the number of firms was limited (Hew 2007, p. 92). This meant that there was limited competition in the market. The main issue that most of the multinational firms were concerned with was how to produce things in mass. The market would have to accept what was availed to them. This production strategy to marketing did not give much concern to the quality of products that were delivered to the market (Tuten 2008, p. 91). The market had to accept what was available. Some of the firms operated as monopolistic firms in the market. They had total control over the market, which made them dictate every activity within the industry. However, this has greatly changed in current society; nowadays it has different forces that require a highly skilled and dedicated workforce ensuring success. Competition has increased in the current market, making firm plans follow a strategy that would help them manage market competition successfully. Societal marketing is currently the only way to ensure that any firm operates within the market competition. Production is done using the outward-in approach (Montiel 2011, p. 57). Social media marketing is one of the most recent marketing techniques that are in use. This research seeks to study the brick and click markets. Analyzing and Comparing M&S Bricks & Clicks Operations Using the Wheel of Retailing Mark & Spencer Retail is a large British retailer that has a global coverage. The headquarters of this firm is located in London. Two entrepreneurs, Thomas Spencer and Michael Marks, established this retailer in 1884. This firm has specialized in selling luxury food products and clothes (Hew 2007, p. 117). This firm has developed the art of selling the products in the brick form. It has various stores across the entire United Kingdom and other 42 other countries around the world. In the United Kingdom, this firm has over 700 stores. The firm has opened 361 other stores in other
Introduction Parents and society at large must ensure that children of all ages are protected from fire and related accidents. Children’s safety is an important feature of family wellbeing. Therefore equipment that exposes children to risks of fire like loaded matchboxes which are accessible to them or openly burning fires like those used to burn litter and garbage increase the chances of starting a fire and hence putting children at risk. Such things therefore should be handled carefully and put away from young children. Open fires like those of burning garbage should have adult supervision or be put out so that children can not find and play with them. Body At residential places, children can play with electrical plugs, matches as well as naked flames. The Government Firework Code should act as a guide to parents as they endeavor to keep homes and schools a safe place for young children. Educative resources on fire safety for children at school and residential places include worksheets, interviews, interactive actions, and pictures to paint for small children. A larger section of Houston is found on the coastal plains of the gulf which favors forests and grasslands of temperate vegetation. The city is mainly flat and this is an explanation for frequent floods that affect the city during rainy seasons. Before the city was built, the area the city seats on used to be occupied by quagmires, forest land, marshland, and pampas. The city has an altitude of fifteen meters above the level of the sea and depends on lakes; Houston, Livingstone, and Conroe as the main sources of water. Although Houston is the main city and capital of Texas, most of its fire safety measures are basic and mainly focus on business premises and general commercial buildings like banks, companies, hotels, and so on. Few entrepreneurs have ventured into fire safety for children because the returns from this venture are not as lucrative as those of related businesses (Gotham, 2004). Houston is a metropolitan city and people from all backgrounds of the world live together. Its economy greatly relies on the numerous academic institutions which exist in the city, powerful manufacturing industries, and the port. A big percentage of Houstonians are young people with children and hence the focus of this project. The 2010 census report indicated that Houston had a population of 2,099,451 people living in an area of about seventeen hundred kilometers square. The majority of its citizens are of the middle class with an estimated income of dollars; thirty-seven thousand and forty thousand for household and family respectively. More men than women are in business and employment and the disparity between the incomes of the two genders is five thousand dollars. A smaller segment (about nineteen percent) is reported to be living below the poverty line according to the