ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Overpopulation refers to stretching in terms of size and capacity due to limited resources and space. Overpopulation occurs as a result of high population densities. High population densities occur when the ratio of people to the size of land is not equal. High population densities are as a result of high birth rates which lead to pressure on available resources (Newman 2008). Existing resources can only satisfy sufficiently a certain number of people and once the population explodes, social issues arise. These include poor sanitation, poor housing and increased poverty. Overpopulation is a major challenge in developing countries where people have continuously exceeded the normal size. This has led to pressure on space and land. Solutions to Overpopulation Land is a fixed resource therefore innovative ways need to be devised to use it. Several options are available to tackle overpopulation including economic, technical and social options like conservation, recycling, population controls through government legislation, educating people, and use of new technologies offered by art, engineering and architecture. Countries may implement measures to reduce birth rates or offer options to control putting up of buildings (Brym & Lie 2007, Newman 2008). It is important to understand the root cause of overpopulation, which is scarce space. This means that if space is used efficiently, the problem of overpopulation can be greatly reduced. One angle is applying innovation in how buildings are designed and erected to utilize little space. Several architectural designs and drawings have been advanced by different experts in design and building of houses (Fawcett 2003). Independent research My independent research covered hexagonal housing units often referred to as vertical cities. Emergence of vertical cities Based on my independent research, development of housing and commercial units ‘horizontally’ tends to use up more space. As a result, developments by a Malaysian architect, Tay Wee, propose the design of ‘vertical cities’ which are made up of hexagonal housing units that offer a solution to the problem of overpopulation mostly experienced in Asian cities where population has exceeded the space available (Bernick, K 2010). This development supports the idea that as population continues to burst; more units can be added to the facility or structure to accommodate the ever increasing population. It is termed as a “plug-in development” which borrows heavily from Le Corbusie’s theory, a French architect, who made advanced developments in architectural styles and emphasized the idea that “a house is a machine for living”( Bernick, K 2010). In this proposed model, the city authorities own the building. They build it upon consideration of aspects like costs, accessibility, durability, ability to withstand tension, materials for construction and usability. Upon the erection of the original structure, more hexagonal units can be “plugged in” to the initial structure to accomm
British Strategy for the Campaign of 1755 The British military forces used Time-honored European methods, a strategy where soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder in an open ground and fired mass volleys against the enemy in unison (Lundquist 38). This strategy had been successful in the past, and General Braddock believed that it was the most appropriate strategy to defeat the enemy. To use this strategy effectively, the British army had to spend a lot of time preparing a road from their own camp towards their area of target. The road would help in the transportation of supplies and heavy artillery that would be used in war. The weapons used in this strategy could not be successful in the forest, and that is why Braddock’s forces were forced to prepare the road (Chartrand 92). Although some of the lieutenants of General Braddock saw a number of flaws in the strategy of their campaign and raised these issues with their commander, the general was convinced that the strategy would work. How Braddock’s Defeat Affected the Strategy According to Chartrand, the defeat of General Braddock was not expected because of a number of reasons (23). First, Braddock had almost thrice as many soldiers as the French and Canadian forces. The British soldiers were also well trained and they had superior weapons. The defeat, therefore, had serious consequences on the strategy employed by the British forces. The defeat inflicted panic and confusion in the British camp, especially following the death of General Braddock. The remaining forces were unable to employ this strategy effectively because they realized that their opponents were using guerrilla tactics which was a superior strategy to that used by the British forces (Gregory 74). Given that the battleground had many forests, the guerilla strategy was more appropriate than the Time-honored European strategy that was employed by the British forces. Braddock’s death made the British forces to believe that they had lost even though they still had a chance of winning the war. It is recorded that by the time of retreat, the British forces still outnumbered the French,
Nowadays it becomes more and more obvious that ethics should be implemented not only in humanitarian sciences but also in so-called “exact” sciences, in particular, mathematics, analytics, and business statistics. In this context, after establishing its mission and objectives of management, a company should start the diagnostic phase of the strategic planning process in the framework of Christianity ethics in order to remain successful analytics competitor. The first step is to study the environment . It is possible to assess the environment according to three parameters:   * To consider rate changes that affect different aspects of the current strategy. For instance, higher prices for jet fuel create a variety of problems for the airlines. Consequently, the latter should continually assess the dynamics of fuel prices as part of the strategic planning process.   * To determine which factors pose a threat to the current strategy of the firm. Monitoring the activities of competitors allows management to be prepared for potential threats.   * To determine factors that are more opportunistic in achieving company goals taking into consideration the empirical facts along with avoiding harmful effects on people. Environmental analysis helps to determine the opportunities and threats for the company. It gives the company time to forecasting capabilities, for preparing the plan in case of unforeseen circumstances, time for the development of an early warning system for possible threats, and the time to develop strategies that could transform old threats in any profitable opportunities. In terms of assessment of these threats and opportunities, analysis of the role of the environment in the analytics competition process lies fundamentally in response to specific issues including the following ones: organization mission, its tools to achieve the goal and the ethics of the corporative management (Wogaman 96). The second step is the economic factor. Current and projected state of the economy could have a dramatic impact on the organization’s objectives. Some factors in the economic environment should be regularly evaluated and diagnosed. Among them: the rate of inflation or deflation, employment level, the international balance of payments, the stability of the currency, and the tax rate. Each of these factors could be a threat or a new opportunity for the company. What is one organization considers the economic threat, the other perceives as a possibility (Viaene and Van Den Bunder 68). During the recession, for example, the industry dealing with the issue of spare parts for cars is booming. Why? At such times, consumers prefer to repair their cars instead of buying new ones. Moreover, the political factor is of the great importance as well. The active participation of business leaders and analytics competitors in the political process is a clear indication of the importance of public policy for the company. Precisely speaking, management of analytics competitor company should follow the
Intelligence is the know-how of an issue. Business intelligence, for example, understands business practices. Determination of Intelligence classification is according to the field in operation. However, the intelligence community refers to a community of government operatives who work to unearth information from the society, economy and political structure, issues that are meaningful to a nation’s security. The data collection may be within or outside a country’s borders. The intelligence community has several modes of intelligence gathering ranging between covert and overt operations. The intelligence community collects information in five main ways/disciplines. Human Intelligence is the collection of intelligence from human sources. The collection, therefore, is either with direct knowledge of the collection by the source such as through interrogation or without their knowledge through clandestine means. It is a valuable source of information: especially in regard to the wealth of knowledge, it can provide. It also requires less massive investment, unlike other collection disciplines. This, however, is at the behest of source reliability, since, evidence from other intelligence collection disciplines is usually a prerequisite before putting it into use. Secondly, human rights abuses at the hands of interrogators may arise while covert operatives essentially put their lives in danger in the course of an operation. Signals Intelligence gathering is through privately obtaining signal transmissions, which may be inter-party/interpersonal communication (communication intelligence) or electronic signal interception (electronic intelligence). Communication intelligence is through tapping conversation between two or more parties, such as tapping emails or cell phones. Electronic intelligence is the collection of information through analysis of electronic signals such as radar information. Especially in electronic intelligence, it is accurate, with modern technology; however, this can be subject to tampering. Imagery Intelligence collection is through photo imagery. Accomplishment of this discipline is through aerial photography or by satellites. In modern times, apart from collecting information about physical structures and ground movement, through appropriate technology can gain additional information such as the number of people within buildings through assessing heat signatures or even the radiation levels at a nuclear plant. However, this would require low flying aircraft in enemy territory, which is dangerous and may provoke war. Therefore, in cases where countries are not in conflict, satellite photography is the choice of use for imagery intelligence but can be limiting as it provides only physical structure and ground activity. Therefore, imagery intelligence is a discipline whose impact is primarily in the provision of areas of speculative activity, backing up other inte
Introduction It is worth noting that the Intelligence Community (IC) is the name of several different intelligence agencies (Habeck & Stimson, 2016). This structure consists of individual US government agencies whose task is to coordinate the intelligence activities of individual executive agencies that collect technical and agent-based information to protect US national security (Habeck & Stimson, 2016). Although the organization is regarded as a federation of constituent entities, until recently, its structure could be described as a confederation due to the lack of a clearly defined, single leadership and management structure. As a senior leader of the IC, I provide my position of support in reforming the US Intelligence Community. Discussion The activities of the intelligence have been accompanied by debates regarding its major failures in recent years, which questioned how well the Intelligence Community provides national security. Previously, inter-agency cooperation and information exchange between institutions was hindered by political aspects, which sought to limit the integration of information from privacy and security issues (Durbin, 2017). Recent attempts to modernize and facilitate interagency collaboration within the US IC have included procedural, structural, and cultural alterations. It is important to emphasize that despite criticism of the work of the IC, one cannot fail to see the obvious successes of American intelligence. In particular, it is related to preventing violent attacks on all spheres of the life of the state and the economy. The main exception to this pattern is poor results in cyberspace, where success is often offset by failures (Gill, 2016). It is often emphasized that the reformation should center on the idea that if a particular US administration is suspected of violating the constitutional rights of citizens, the extent of these violations should be checked. Nevertheless, for the authorities and the people to better understand each other, it is not necessary to declassify the activities of intelligence services (Durbin, 2017). The scheme of their work should become more accessible and transparent (Durbin, 2017). This will not only improve American society but also provide it with reliable protection. One of the main difficulties faced by the IC, which denotes the need for reformation, is the fact that the new generation of technological advancements has formed a new threat landscape (Gill, 2016). Such developments as artificial intelligence, satellite miniaturization, open-source computing require the IC to predict the security challenges in the nearest future. The speed of de
Film theory deals with the exploration of the nature and essence of films, their influence on the audience, relationships of the film context and scenes with reality, society, its history and culture. Films use specific “means of expression”, such as camera work, lightning, shots, sound. Place and space are ones of the most influential means of expression that are used to render the changes of time, plot of the films and historical context. They are extremely important for the understanding of the theme and message of the film, and create specific form of it. Moreover, they influence the intellectual and emotional processes of viewing a film. In this paper, we are going to discuss the function of place and space in Days of Heaven by Terence Malick produced in 1978. Place and space are skillfully used in the film and contribute greatly to the understanding of the film and its main characters. The settings of the Days of Haven are the Texas of the early 20 th century. The film tells the story of two lovers, Abby and Bill who came there to find better living. The story develops in the picturesque landscape of the crop fields, woods and beautiful rivers. The film is considered to be landmark of the American cinema and it is widely recognized as one of the best films of the 1970s American cinema. The director made use of the powerful symbolism of nature which shaped the scenes of the film, its dialogues and plot. One of the most significant features of the film is that all major events and scenes are developing in the specific landscapes. The choice of landscapes is not accidental. They contribute to the audience’s perception of the scenes and shape their meaning. The film Days of Haven can be considered a revolutionary in the use of such expressive means as time and space. Almost every minute, the screen is filled with beautiful, startling images of the open crop fields. There are many panoramic close-ups of the open landscapes and waving fields. These images influence on the understanding of the characters of the protagonists of the film very much. It seems, as if they are losing their individualities; their needs and motifs are miniaturized comparing to the vivid landscapes of the Texas. Thus, in the film, “the project of deploying space as an analytical tool involves consideration of a number of different aspects of space” (Thomas 1). One of the most inspiring scenes of the film is the episode of the “Golden Hour” from the Cricket and Fire scene. In is one of the most beautiful pictures one can see during the film. It is very symbolic as encompasses the transition from the first act of the film to the second and embodies the change that should happen in lives of the protagonists. The use of space in this scene has a great meaning. First of all, it shows that person has no power over t
Literature Review of Proxy Fights Operating in the realm of the global economy is a challenging task for an organization that is only starting to expand as a recent study says (Sharma, 2012). To make sure that a company functions properly, one has to execute complete control over its key transactions and operations. As a result, the latter strive for taking control over the essential operations in entrepreneurship so that the latter could evolve in a way that is preferable to the people keeping the firm’s shares. In a way, the phenomenon of a proxy fight can be viewed as the tool for reinforcing the strengths of the organization by creating a very strong and well-coordinated team of shareholders, who are willing to strive for the benefit of the company (Harris, 2013). However, when taken to the nth degree, the battle for influence and power in entrepreneurship may affect the firm on a very basic level (Gaughan, 2015). The focus on the conflict between the stakeholders involved may trigger the problems related to the lack of supervision in the rest of the departments, including the financial one, the R&D one, etc. In the course of a proxy fight, the proxy votes of the shareholders may be used as tools for introducing the firm to a new management system. Therefore, it is crucial to make sure that no bias should occur during proxy fights (Jeschke, ‎Isenhardt, ‎& Hees, 2012). Pure Proxy Fight: Definition The phenomenon of proxy fights manifesting their characteristics in a manner as explicit and obvious as possible is typically referred to as a pure proxy fight. To be more exact, the given type of proxy fight does not imply the incorporation of a tender offer (Georgakopoulos, 2016). It should be noted, though that the tools in question cannot provide powerful management mechanisms since they require a substantial amount of money and do not prompt the collective action of the stakeholders involved. The significance of the factor above can be explained by the possibility for a single stakeholder to strive to control rents for their own needs as opposed to the interests of the company (Baums & Scott, 2003). The case of a discord between Starboard Value LP and Yahoo! can be considered an example of a pure proxy fight as the former attempts to “separate from its valuable stakes in Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.” 1 Takeover Bid: Definition The concept of a takeover bid is traditionally defined as the suggestion that a company makes to the target audience regarding buying the firm’s shares. The phenomenon above is a public offer that is aimed at seizing control over a certain company. As a rule, friendly and hostile takeover bids are identified based on whether the process of the takeover was initiated by the board and compli
Introduction The Magnet Model (MM) is a tool that was developed to “provide a framework for nursing practice and research” and offer some guidance to the organizations that intend to achieve Magnet recognition (American Nurses Credentialing Center [ANCC], n.d.d). Magnet recognition refers to a program that awards the Magnet status to the healthcare facilities that correspond to a set of requirements. The requirements are mostly concerned with the specifics of the eligible organization, the qualification of employed nurses, the standards used, regulatory compliance, and some other features (American Nurses Credentialing Center, n.d.a). Overall, Magnet Recognition is used to as a proof of nursing excellence in an organization (Gonzalez, Wolf, Dudjak, & Jordan, 2015; Friese, Xia, Ghaferi, Birkmeyer, & Banerjee, 2015). It is believed to indicate the highest quality of nursing (Lovering, 2013). In turn, MM is the pathway that is used to advance nursing care in specific settings to achieve said recognition. Thus, MM is one of the frameworks that are currently employed to improve the quality of nursing. The present paper will review MM to characterize it from the perspective of its utility for the advancement of care delivery. In particular, the topic of key contexts and the most important features will be considered. Apart from that, the strengths and weaknesses of MM will be reviewed. Finally, the paper will report the principal benefits and outcomes that the model offers and conclude its use in nursing. Based on the robust literature that has been devoted to MM in the past few years, this model is capable of improving the quality of care in a given organization due to its strengths and the positive outcomes, with which it is associated. Contexts for the Adoption of MM MM was developed by ANCC (n.d.d), and, at the beginning of its development, it was predominantly adopted by American healthcare organizations that intended to improve the quality of nursing in them (Lovering, 2013). As time passed, MM became internationally used (ANCC, n.d.d). Regarding the types of institutions that can employ MM, it is meant for healthcare organizations and their elements, as well as the systems of healthcare organizations (American Nurses Credentialing Center, n.d.c). Thus, it can be suggested that healthcare is the primary context in which MM is adopted. While there is not much information about this fact, MM is used in Saudi Arabia, which is the country of interest of the investigator. The present review managed to find one relatively recent ar