ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
RAID is a technology that allows using multiple hard drives to improve the total performance or reliability of a data storage system. The general principle is distributing stored data across several disks. Depending on the specific implementation (RAID level), this approach improves the access speed of the array, its resistance to hardware failure, or both. In the most basic implementations, RAID 0 and RAID 1, data is simply distributed or mirrored across the array’s disks. RAID 0 splits data blocks across all disks, allowing them to be accessed significantly faster (DataPlugs, 2021). RAID 1, similarly, maintains a copy of all the data stored on each disk on all other disks (DataPlugs, 2021). In effect, this creates total redundancy, meaning no data will be lost should all but one disks fail. More complex RAID levels combine the two approaches while maintaining dedicated storage of parity data. This storage allows the combining of the benefits of RAID 0 and RAID 1, improving both the array’s performance and recovering the data in case one of the disks used in the array fails (DataPlugs, 2021). However, these implementations require at least 3 disks to operate and thus have corresponding heat dispersal and power requirements (DataPlugs, 2021). They are also not perfectly reliable, capable of surviving the failure of a single disk or two disks, in the case of RAID 6. As mentioned, the main advantages of using RAID are the system’s reliability and performance. Performance is relevant in any application where data must be accessed quickly; however, RAID systems tend to lose write performance compared to single drives. Reliability is important anywhere the potential losses caused by a loss of data storage due to a disk failure are significant. In general, any enterprise application that relies on local storage as opposed to cloud storage can benefit from storing its crucial data in a RAID system. Reference DataPlugs (2018). RAID level comparison: RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, and RAID 10. Web.
Stress Most people suffer from stress. Stress is the reactions of our bodies to any changes which require people to respond or adjust to it. It is not always possible for an individual to change or avoid situations that might cause stress. Some of the common causes for stress are illness, death, divorce, accidents, pregnancy, job change, confrontations, money problems, retirement, etc. The question to be answered is how to cope with stress. First of all, an individual should keep a positive attitude; he should acknowledge that there are situations/events that he/she can not control; it is better to become assertive rather than aggressive. An individual should be able to assert his opinions, feeling, and beliefs instead of becoming aggressive, combative, or angry. Exercising regularly is very helpful in managing stress as a fit body can cope with stress better. Learning to relax and well-balanced meals are the other methods to cope with the stress. It is very true that due to the demands of the fast passed life most of the people suffer from stress. It keeps an individual alert and ready to avoid danger. Sometimes an individual feel trapped and unable to cope with stress. It can be caused by anything which requires an individual to adjust to a change in his/ her environment but the most important reasons are death, divorce, and loss of job. An individual’s body reacts to these changes with mental, physical, and emotional responses. Obsessive-compulsive disorder “Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an illness that causes people to have unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and to repeat certain behaviors (compulsions) over and over again” (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: What It Is and How to Treat it, 2006). Obsessions are irrational thoughts, unwanted impulses, or ideas that repeatedly come to a person’s mind. Often patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder experience distressing thoughts such as “I may have left gas stove on”; “my hands are dirty and I must wash them”. The patients are conscious that obsessive thoughts are irrational but at the same time, he or she is afraid that these thoughts might be true. Trying to prevent such thoughts often causes great anxiety. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors such as counting, hand washing, hoarding, checking and arranging. Patients often repeat these behaviors hoping for relief but they do not
There are many evidences that show that modernity in many aspects played an active role towards the construction and proliferation of different movement in photography and film. Modernity in visual arts and cinema is part of the ever-changing world, wherein the establishment of ideas, different people in the world of art participates in experimenting with the forms and styles of art, thus remarkably reach to the point of achieving another level of aesthetic concepts, presentation, and interpretation (Hansen, 1999). Hansen pointed out the contribution of modernism in art. He said that; “…modernism encompasses a whole range of cultural and artistic practices that register, respond to, and reflect upon processes of modernization and the experience of modernity, including a paradigmatic transformation of the conditions under which art is produced, transmitted, and consumed.” Both photography and films as the art streams which reflect generations’ thoughts and feelings include numerous movements based on various styles and objectives of either photography or film. Moreover, the contribution or influence of modernism both in photography and film could be attributed to the changes or transformations brought by first, the modernization and second, the response of the society to the new form of art. In this context, concepts about modernity in photography sprung during early 1900 when many conventional art groups did not classify photography as an art (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2007). Because of that modernist movements were formed (e.g. Photo-Secession, Pictorialist) in order to continue their very own artistic philosophy. Influenced by modernity, probably from the concepts of Picasso, Dadaists, and contemporaries, modernist photographers are formed with the desire to showcase their creativity characterized by the new wave of approaches and styles. Despite the criticisms and biases received, movements kept on pursuing the new concepts. As an example, the documentary photography movement has emerged with the necessity to support the author’s perspective on a certain issue. Modern society got used to reading publications with images of events or people described, so modern photographers have no choice rather than produce interesting and involving pictures. So, the movement of documentary photography continues to develop with the rising demands of modern readers. Lewis Wickes Hine is one of the leaders of the documentary photography movement, who took advantage of black and white photography to document people’s lives during World War I or the Great Depression. His works have helped his documentary photography followers see the camera as the tool of social reforms and a way of influence the public. Another example of how conditions have spurred the development of photography and fil
How does Nuruddin Farah correlate such discussed fundaments of the idea of gift-giving as dependence and reciprocity with many other significant concepts of obligation, hostility, obedience, and gratitude, which are presented in the novel Gifts as the possible reaction to multiple situations of gift-giving? This question is formulated as a result of rethinking the ideas presented by Peter Singer in his book in the context of Nuruddin Farah’s novel and messages. Singer discusses the people’s motives to spend or not money in order to help those persons who are really in need and who suffer from hunger and poverty (Singer 5). That is why it is important to focus on the motives influential for the process of gif giving and givers and receivers’ emotions and feelings associated with the procedure. According to the ideas presented in Farah’s book, “every gift has a personality – that of its giver” (Farah 197). This opinion can be compared with Singer’s ideas in order to correlate the concepts of dependence and reciprocity with feelings of obligation, hostility, obedience, and gratitude, which can be experienced by a receiver as the reaction to the giver’s emotions and motives. Many different variants of gift-giving situations are discussed in the novel in order to present the moral complexity of the situation, which can be related not only to personal issues but also to social and political events. The extremes of the people’s reactions to gift-giving can be analyzed with references to Farah’s ideas. From this point, much attention is paid to the individual approach to the idea of gift-giving as the exchange of services and feedbacks because any gift provokes a certain reaction, which can be positive or negative depending on the context of the situation and the gift itself. Why does Duniya discuss gifts only as of the statement of the person’s dependence on the other people and, as a result, demonstrate independence and freedom in relation to deciding about receiving gifts and paying for them as donations? Duniya is the protagonist of Nuruddin Farah’s novel Gifts. The young woman’s reaction to gift-giving is interesting because the discussion of this reaction can add to Peter Singer’s vision of the necessity to be generous in relation to the people of the Third World (Singer 5-7). What emotions are experienced by those people who receive assistance? To describe Duniya’s attitude, Farah uses such concepts as “unasked-for generosity” and “a labyrinth of dependence” (Farah 22). Duniya supports the specific view in relation to the idea of gift-giving. The young woman is inclined to forbid her children to receive any gifts presented by other people (Farah 129-131). It is possible to state that Duniya’s attitude to gift-giving is typical for those persons who suffered from definite types of dependence cause
The major focus of the essay by Virginia Wolf titled Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown is the consideration of a character in literature in the context of analyzing the works and literary techniques used by the novelists that were contemporary to Wolf. Accordingly, the author divides the recent novelists into two groups being those who worked before and after 1910 and calls these groups according to the names of British kings that rule before 1910, i. e. Edward VII, and after that year, i. e. George V: “Mr. Wells, Mr. Bennett, and Mr. Galsworthy I will call the Edwardians; Mr. Forster, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Strachey, Mr. Joyce, and Mr. Eliot I will call the Georgians” (Woolf, 1966, p. 319). Further on, Woolf (1966) moves to asserting that the year 1910 brought changes to the human character, and the influence of the social, political, and religious factors that conditioned the mentioned change could also be observed in the literary works by Edwardians and Georgians. One of the examples that Virginia Woolf poses for the readers is Mrs. Brown, an imaginary character of an elderly lady that Woolf considers to be an illustration of the shift in the human nature that marked the end of the Victorian era in Great Britain. Mrs. Brown is, to Woolf, an example of how the modern fiction that she calls Georgian, differs to the better from the Victorian or Edwardian novelist movements. Although, noting the “fragments and failures” of the modern fiction she defends, Woolf sees bigger evil in the Edwardian “self-contained” literature and characterizes this opinion of hers the description of Mrs. Brown: “She was one of those clean, threadbare old ladies whose extreme tidiness—everything buttoned, fastened, tied together, mended and brushed up—suggests more extreme poverty than rags and dirt” (Woolf, 1966, p. 320). Finally, Woolf’s portrayal of Mrs. Brown allows understanding why this imaginary character is a better illustration of the literary developments and shifts in the human nature than, for example, Captain Ahab. Mrs. Brown is a more diverse and broad character meaning that her only example allows Woolf to illustrate her whole point better than long and extended theoretical explanation. Mrs. Brown is thus seen as the embodiment of the complete but too inhumane social order that Edwardians depicted in their works. At the same time, Mr. Smith, Mrs. Brown’s counterpart, is something like the representation of the new age of human nature labeled Georgian by Woolf. Works Cited Woolf, Virginia. “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown.” Collected Essays . Ed. Leonard Woolf. Vol. 1. London: Hogarth, 1966. 319-337. 4 vols. 1966-67. Print.
Introduction Krisna Hospital provides secondary and tertiary healthcare services to its patients. The hospital is committed to providing patient-centered care, which resulted in introducing a new position as a patient care executive (PCE). This professional is in close contact with patients and families to help physicians spend more time on medical aspects and less time on communication with patients. Patient retention, as well as revenue, increased, but the hospital is also witnessing an increasing turnover rate among physicians. Due to a significant deficit of high-profile physicians in India, losing a high-skilled practitioner is a serious problem to be addressed as hospitals try to attract talent. Discussions with the staff make it clear that the clash between PCEs and physicians is one of the primary reasons for leaving. This paper includes a brief analysis of the problem and a solution to ensure the sustainable development of the healthcare facility by improving the quality of care. Phycological Contract Breach at Krisna Hospital and Ways to Address It One of the issues the physicians employed at Krisna Hospital find influential is the psychological contract breach. It has been found that psychological contract breach has serious adverse effects on employee job satisfaction (Collins and Beauregard, 2020). The practitioners expect to be trusted professionals influencing patients’ health-related decisions. However, this expectation is not met as PCEs appear to be the central figures who affect patients’ behaviors and decisions. At that, trustful relationships between the doctor and the patient are the basis of patients’ adherence to treatment regimen and, as a result, patient outcomes (Cánovas et al., 2018; Hefner et al., 2018; Chandra, Mohammadnezhad, and Ward, 2018). The fact that patients are willing to communicate with PCEs rather than physicians and follow the recommendations of the former can be seen as an influential factor contributing to the breach of the psychological contract. One of the causes of this serious problem, leading to the high turnover among physicians, is the existing patterns of sources of power in the hospital. PCEs are responsible for maintaining proper communication between the physician and the patient. However, they are more than that as they become the major source of information and support for patients. These professionals exercise expert and referent power regarding patients’ decision-making process. These types of power encompass trust and proper relationships based on the belief in the person’s expertise and positive personal attitude (admiration, close connection, and so on) (Håvold and Håvold, 2019). These types of power are critical in healthcare settings as patients feel vulnerable and need support and empathy in addition to expertise and clinical care. At the same time, physicians’ source of power is as
Market Analysis The hospitality industry includes a range of different fields connected with the service industry and tourism. Its units (such as restaurants and hotels) can be found all over the world, as they can be adjusted to various demands. According to the National Restaurant Association (2016), the restaurant industry in the United States enhances its performance with time, which can be seen in Diagram 1: Diagram 1. Restaurant Industry Sales. Such results prove that starting a restaurant is likely to be beneficial when its operations are maintained professionally. Taking this information into consideration, it seems to be advantageous to start an Asian fusion restaurant in a neighborhood of Seattle. Downtown, Capitol Hill is a great location within this area due to its public and popularity among the tourists. It is claimed to be one of the entertainment districts that are always full of people ready to try something new. More than 32,000 individuals are living in Capitol Hill that is known for being “an eclectic mix of families, young professionals, and students” ( Capitol Hill , 2015). In this way, the target mark
Role of Government: Consumer Safety Although the government’s intervention in business is often seen as a hindrance to effective economic relationships, the importance of governmental regulations and their impact on business should not be underestimated. For instance, governmental regulations serve to protect the rights and safety of consumers, who may otherwise be affected by companies’ economic choices negatively. For example, the standards for product quality set by the government and reinforced by local authorities are critical for facilitating the well-being of consumers by ensuring that products do not contain unhealthy or even hazardous constituents (Singla et al. 28). The described role of the government is especially important in the food industry, where the well-being of buyers hinges on the choices that organizations make in regard to their production process and raw materials (Singla et al. 29). Thus, when guided by good intentions and having a good understanding of the market, companies operating in it, and other stakeholders involved in the industry, the government plays a crucial role in setting the necessary boundaries and controlling quality. Responses to Posts Katelyn: Role of Government The role of government in business is to intervene in case of market failure, regulate natural monopolies and prevent others from forming, and enforce the laws and regulations that have been set forth. The government uses different tools in order to influence the economy, by either putting money in and causing people to spend more or by “taking money out,” raising taxes and causing people to spend less. The government has a rather large influence over business as it has created several agencies to deal with all the various markets in our economy, from alcohol, FDA, and more. The government can also control the imports coming into the country using tariffs or quotas. These are generally used to protect domestic production, allowing them to sell more products at a higher price, therefore increasing GDP. However, this does not necessarily lead to long-term growth in the economy. Monopolies, aside from natural, can be despairingly bad for the consumer and the economy. When one company takes control over the majority or entire market, it allows them to drive prices up; this is why the government has regulations to prevent this. Response The importance of addressing the cases when monopolies take over markets is, indeed, very high. The implications of the lack of governmental response may entail negative changes. For example, predatory prices for products offered by monopolies combined with the lack of agency among consumers may cause a significant drop in the economic relationships within the target setting. As a result, inequality in the roles of companies a
Introduction Ever since it was released to movie theaters in 2009, the film City of Life and Death (directed by Lu Chuan) never ceased sparking a public controversy in China – all due to the director’s unconventional (by Chinese standards) approach to depicting what is now known as the Nanking Massacre of 1937. After all, the City of Life and Death promotes a strongly defined constructivist outlook on the significance of the historical event in question, which does not quite correlate with the Chinese official stance on what should be considered the massacre’s discursive implications (Silbey 27). In particular, Chuan’s film portrays the concerned wartime atrocity as such that has taken place as a result of the war’s dehumanizing effects on the functioning of the human psyche, regardless of the affected people’s nationality. As the director himself pointed out in one of his interviews: “The problem lies with the notion of war itself. War makes a person, or an entire nation, crazy, and people do things they wouldn’t normally have imagined doing” (Zhu 96). In its turn, this prompted many film critics to suggest that the City of Life and Death is revisionist to an extent. The reason for this is that the film’s specified feature indeed provides a certain rationale to refer to Chuan’s masterpiece as being rather unconventional, in the sense of helping to relieve the Japanese of at least a part of their historical guilt, on account of having been the actual instigators of the 1937-1945 Sino-Japanese War. Nevertheless, the director’s agenda does not seem to have been deliberately “revisionist.” Rather, Chuan strived to promote the idea that bestiality in men cannot be discussed outside of the affecting situational context – something that endows the City of Life and Death with the strongly defined humanist sounding and adds more than anything to the film’s cinematographic value. This particular suggestion will serve as the paper’s main thesis. Discussion As it was implied in the Introduction, there is much logic in defining City of Life and Death as being closely affiliated with the expressionist conventions of film editing, based on the assumption that it is in the very nature of a cinematic action to be highly subjective. In this regard, we can mention the director’s insistence to use specifically the black-and-white color format for the movie – something clearly indicative of Chuan’s psycho-cognitive eccentricity. As Giannetti noted: “Formalist (expressionist) movies are stylistically deviant. Their directors are concerned with expressing their unabashedly subjective experience of reality, not how other people might see it” (4). Evidently enough, Chuan wanted to ensure that there would be a certain documentary-like quality to the film’s representation of the Nanking M