ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 1. An Assyrian soldier wearing a purple tunic (the wall panel, the royal palace in Khorsabad) (Radner). Picture 2. A model of a modern tunic from the collection of 2012 (“Noorya Modern Tops and Tunics Latest Collection 2012 Women & Girls”). Justification Statement During the Ancient Middle East period, tunics were worn by both men and women. Their length and particular features depended on the occupation of the person who wore the tunic and the person’s social status. Tunics for men and women had a lot of similarities, and the main difference was in the length because women wore only full-length tunics (Houston). Although the pictures present the tunics for men and women, these garments have a lot of similarities depending on the form of the clothing. Thus, the man is depicted in a short straight tunic with short sleeves, and the woman is also depicted in a short tunic with short sleeves where the length of the modern tunic is correlated with the length of the man’s clothing. That is why, the presented tunic can be discussed as the adaptation of the historical garment. Comparing these two garments, it is possible to determine the absence of significant decorative elements on the tunics. In Assyria, Persia, and Egypt, tunics were worn by the representatives of all the social stages. Tunics were different in style and decorative elements in relation to the person’s status. Tunics were worn by kings, by soldiers, and by ordinary people; by men and women; tunics could be underwear and outwear; wrapped or the elements could be sewn together. It was possible to determine the social status of the person with references to the tunic’s fabrics and ornaments used (Tortora and Eubank). The tunic is the historical garment was significant to reflect the social position of the wearer. The man’s short tunic presented in the picture is typical clothing for soldiers. Modern tunics are worn by women as the part of their everyday clothing, and these tunics do not reflect the person’s social status. Tunics can also be worn as the part of the national costume in the Eastern countries. Works Cited Houston, Mary. Ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Persian Costume . New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 2002. Print. Noorya Modern Tops and Tunics Latest Collection 2012 Women & Girls . 2012. Web. Radner, Karen. War Heroes: Royal Recognition for Assyrian Soldiers . 2012. Web. Tortora, Phyllis, and Keith Eubank. Survey of Historic Costume: A History of Western Dress . USA: Fairchild Publications, 1998. Print.
Introduction According to Dubrin (2009, p. 56) human resources are the most important resources of an organization. Their organization and development helps organizations achieve efficiency in task performance as well as objectives as laid down in their mission and vision. Armstrong (2007, p. 78) says that the old model of human resource management that was prevalent in the last decades of the last century is fast fading. The model emphasized on the control element of an organization’s workers that was primarily undertaken by personnel management. Though the method is still in use in a number of organizations, the concept of human resource development has been adopted by many organizations in the 21 st century. According to Armstrong (2007, p. 81), the new HRD is supported by new thinking that incorporates a strategic aspect where HRM managers have adopted compliance, and commitment based model as opposed to the traditional control based model. The two models will form the basis of analysis of HRD models in this paper. These organizations show unique differences in the policy areas they touch as far as human resource and management and development is concerned. Comparison One of the areas that is differentiated under the two models is the job design and description area (Reilly & Williams, 2006, p. 84). In control based HRD, there is subdivision of work where employees tend to have specific job responsibilities with accountability and planning separated from implementation. On the other hand, commitment or compliance based model allocated employees broader job responsibilities with combined planning and implementation functions (Lundy, 1994, p. 687). Additionally, the commitment based HRD model stresses on teamwork as opposed to individual work as is the case with control based HRM models (Reilly & Williams, 2006, p. 84). Management organization is another area where these two models show unique differences (Reilly & Williams, 2006, p. 84). Control based HRD model stresses on top down control and coordination. It also emphasizes in hierarchy as well as status symbols like powerful directorship. Commitment based HRD model on the other hand has adopted flat structure where there are shared goals for coordination and control. The importance of status is also diminished under this structure (Lundy, 1994, p. 688). The two models also differ on the compensation styles of the employees of an organization (Holbeche 1999, p. 34). Control based model implements a compensation and benefits plan that is based on the employee pay equivalent to the job he/she undertook. The model also emphasizes on job evaluation and appraisal of the employees as well as individual incentives. Commitment based model on the other hand recognizes group achievements and rewards employees according to skill and other criteria that recognizes employee contribution. There is also an element of profit sharing in the commitment-based model w
The name of the case is SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT; UMG RECORDINGS, INC; WARNER BROS. RECORDS INC.; VIRGIN RECORDS AMERICA, INC., CAPITOL RECORDS, INC.; and BMG MUSIC v. SHARON VILLARREAL, Defendant The parties involved are SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT, a Delaware general partnership; UMG RECORDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation; WARNER BROS. RECORDS INC., a Delaware corporation; VIRGIN RECORDS AMERICA, INC., a California corporation; CAPITOL RECORDS, INC. a Delaware corporation; and BMG MUSIC, a New York general partnership, Plaintiffs, v. SHARON VILLARREAL, Defendant The history of the case plaintiff had copied music and was taken to court and was sued. He did not get satisfied with the verdict of the court, he appealed. The case has one judge, C. Ashley Royal and has issued an opinion. Facts The facts of this case are that the defendant, Sharon acquired and distributed copyrighted materials. The defendant used the internet to acquire and distribute music without permission. As it were, the internet is a vital tool in the promotion, distribution, and acquisition of music and has made it possible for more direct and faster contacts between artists and fans alike but this should be the consent of the distributor. Legal Issues Involved The legal issues involved are whether there was a violation of the Copyright Act and whether compensation sorted for and awarded was reasonable. The court’s main aim is merely to reinforce the existing rules against copying. The defendant by searching and copying music is illegal and court was determined whether copying took place. The major ethical issues related to the given case are:   * The use of unfair means like copying and distributing music thus encouraging unethical practice,   * Loss of revenue for the musician involved,   * Inviting legal actions for unfair means Distribution and copying of music require the adaptation of existent copyright laws. Copyright infringement in digital form has to allow unlimited right to access to owned digital copies with limitation on how such copies may be transferred to others (Liu 1243). Copyright does not protect the ideas of a person but rather protects the original expression of these ideas. This means that the ideas of a person are not protected so long as he has not expressed them in a format that can be considered as existing evidence for his work. This applies in all fields including in the music industry. The protection is based on authorship rather than invention and protects original works which include: musical, literary, artistic, dramatic and such like intellectual works (Field 2). Protection exists for both unpublished and published works. The author of the work is in a position to prepare any form of derivative work which he is allowed to base it on the copyrighted work, produce copies or phono-records of the copyrighted work, publicly perform the work using digital audio transmissions incase the work is a sound recording, publicly display his copyright
Ideas and Concepts Prior to the Practice Perhaps, one of the most popular myths that are subverted unbelievably fast in the environment of a classroom is that everything goes according to the lesson plan and that all the items from it will be addressed in an expected manner. It turned out that, in fact, there are a plethora of impediments on learners’ way of acquiring the necessary skills, and that removing each takes an impressive amount of time. Another idea that I was positive about until I started my teaching practice concerned the application of visuals. It seemed to me that the more visual aids are incorporated into the lesson, the better understanding of the subject the learners will have. Teaching Experience: Bursting the Bubbles It should be noted that some of the elements that slowed down the learning process were somehow expected. For instance, it would be wrong to assume that a teacher could be capable of helping all students at once become invested in the topic of the lesson. Therefore, a significant part of the introduction was spent on motivating the learners to participate in the lesson and be responsive to the information provided to them. Nevertheless, the fact that some of the learners could have attention issues clearly slipped my mind when I was getting ready for the lesson. As far as the second myth is concerned, it would be wrong to consider it a pure misconception, yet I clearly underestimated the power and significance of the students’ imagination. Although providing examples to basic rules is crucial, learners must also be offered an opportunity to use their imagination and creativity when acquiring new information. It turned out that, when deprived of an opportunity to create their own perspective on the subject matter and use the images that they consider related to the discussed topic, students are likely to lose their interest in the issue rather quickly. As a result, a significant drop in motivation is to be expected (Furrer, Skinner, & Pitzer, 2015). Challenges and How I Overcame Them As stressed above, time management was clearly the key issue that needed to be handled in an efficient manner. Although shaping the learners’ behavior is important, the teacher must not inhibit the students’ curiosity. Furthermore, the issue mentioned above could also be viewed from the perspective of control. Although it is important to make sure that the learners receive the necessary information in the course of the lesson, it is also crucial to help them remain invested. There seems to be no harm in the communication process reeling off of the topic slightly when the teacher clarifies something with what the learners have an issue. Addressing the second challenge required a lot of cr
The Main Historical Questions Raised by Davidson and Lytle in Chapter 11 “Sacco and Vanzetti” The case of Sacco and Vanzetti is considered to be one of the most controversial in the history of the United States. For more than eighty years the case was discussed by historians and writers from different perspectives. At different times, the case raised different historical questions. The authors of different books and studies discussed if the two men were guilty or not, how the civil right of Americans and emigrants suffer during the period of social unrest after World War I and provided different points of view on the question of anarchism. The chapter in the book After the Fact: The Art of Historical written by Davidson and Lytle provides a new perspective on the issue. The authors raise an important question of “two nations” and the conflict between them. The case provoked many controversies both in American and international societies. According to the author’s point of view, the case of Sacco and Vanzetti symbolizes the conflict between “two nations”. The authors also raise ethical issues of the case. The work by Davidson and Lytle also was written under the influence of contemporary issues, such as Global political actions, injustice, prejudice, and the attitudes towards emigrants in contemporary America and Europe. In general, The Sacco-Vanzetti case has become a symbol of American injustice and prejudice, and it continues to be controversial to this day” (Gilligan 2008, p. 1). The text of “Sacco and Vanzetti” is a detailed description of the background and trials that took almost seven years. The aim of the authors is not only to provide “clear” facts of the case but discuss social, political, and cultural issues that contributed to the conflict of “two nations” living in the United States. The first “nation” were Native Americans and the other consisted of immigrants. Providing the analysis of this conflict, the authors focus on the case of Sacco and Vanzetti, “two Italian immigrants living on the fringe of American society” and discuss the question of how they “had become the focus of a debate that brought the nation’s cherished legal institutions under attack?” (Davidson & Lytle 2009, p. 281). After World War I, many immigrants came to America to find freedom and independence. For many Native Americans, the immigrants presented a treat to established traditions and values. Thus, even with strong supporting alibis and evidence of numerous witnesses, the two men were found guilty in a crime that they might not commit. Different sources provide different perspectives on the issue. Having done a critical analysis of several books and studies that were written at different times after Sacco and Vanzetti’s execution, we can see that “the trial and execution of Sacco and Vanzetti produce as much art as action” (Bercovitch, 2003 p. 127). The first records of the trials were published in 1928 and the main issue discussed was the guilty or guiltless
Introduction Perhaps, humans’ inbuilt capacity to symbolize is related to the fact that text, music, images, and related symbols permeate almost all human activities. This inhabitation of symbols in human spheres has resulted in the ubiquity of content and the development of the ability to examine it. Gender content analysis systematically examines the roles of both men and women as portrayed in various art forms. In the past, women were limited to playing housewife roles while most careers were a preserve of men. Most drama series and Nick Toon have been at the forefront in portraying various aspects of traditional and non-traditional patterns of behavior among men and women. This paper discusses the gendered messages revealed after fifteen minutes of watching the Rug Rats , How to Get Away with Murder , and the Olympics Games and examines the extent to which traditional or modern patterns of conduct are portrayed for men and women. The Extent to which Men and Women Play Traditional Gender Roles After watching the Rug Rats , I have discovered that Nick Toon gave much strength to the traditional gender roles. The female gender appears to have fewer dominant roles than men. For example, when Angelica takes all the babies under her boot, it indicates that it is a woman’s responsibility to take care of the child (Kerkhoven et al., 2016). On the other hand, non-traditional ways of conduct are shown through Angelica, who dominates all the others in the group. Angelica’s taking of the babies from Timmy demonstrates her taking control of the situation, which is a non-traditional female behavior pattern. The non-traditional ways of the male fashion of conduct are demonstrated by Timmy, who allows Angelica to have authority over him. Fifteen minutes of watching the How to Get Away with Murder drama series reveals that women are subjected to housewife roles. At the same time, men possess the power and authority to do whatever they want. In the past, men had luxurious professions while women could only work as nurses or secretaries. The more Powerful Man and Woman Fifteen minutes of viewing the Rug Rats , College Basketball, and How to Get Away with Murder reveals that men are depicted to be more powerful than women. In considering How to Get Away with Murder drama series, women are depicted to possess low ranked professions while men have high ranked careers (Kerkhoven et al., 2016). The issue of man is intensely expressed across sports, drama series, and children’s cartoons. In the Rug Rats , Timmy, a male character, uses his male chauvinism to exploit his peers’ power. However, in sports, women tend to be given a selection of softer games than their male counterparts. The One More like
Abstract This paper seeks to examine tow types of leadership styles in order to understand the significance of ethical values in a corporation. By comparing an unethical and ethical leadership style quoted from personal experience, this paper sought to highlight the impact of these tow variations. The impact was not only on the results but also on the working culture prevalent. It was seen that the ethical style of leadership needs to adopted by all corporations existing order maintain the importance of a value system in today’s world. Even in the personal decision making importance, a fundamental code of conduct which adheres to a value system was highlighted. Introduction What do we believe ethics to be and how do they affect our life? For all of us, ethics represent a certain idea pertaining to what is right and wrong; in terms of the way we all behave. More than simply a moralistic view of life, ethics represents mannerisms of life that we all adopt in order to lead a life which allows us to be self-aware of the rights and wrongs that we do. This social behavioral pattern allows the leadership styles to be distinguished as well. Leaders are responsible for numerous decisions and the sort of decisions made allows the team members to understand the meaning of ethical judgments. (Becker 2002) The sort of decisions made affect the entire organization’s work culture and hence, subsequently the sorts of customer relationships formed are also affected. The clients’ perception of an organization can be affected by the sort of decisions being made by the top management and hence, the ethical behavior displayed by the top management can go a long way in establishing the image of the company. The workplace ethics are strongly affected by the leadership style of conduct. If the leadership adheres to a strict code of conduct and principles, than the entire organization will follow the same code of conduct. These leaders are also able to have a greater level of authority than an unethical leader (Milton, 1970). Therefore, it has been deduced that the leadership style goes a long way in establishing the sort of environment that prevails in the workplace. If the leader exhibits values of integrity, responsibility, competence, dedication and commitment, than the working environment would mirror these values. This paper would examine two sorts of leadership styles, one which displays the above sort of values and the second case which does not exhibit the above sort of places but in fact, takes certain unethical decisions. These very values determine the character and the subsequent success of the leadership. However, in certain cases even unethical leaders have been proven to be unsuccessful. A quote by Robert Terry( 1993:107): “Leadership is a subset of action. Lea
Cross-border investment involves different undiversifiable risks, among which the country risk is one of the most significant as it is closely interrelated with the business risk. High country risk results in high business risk, which in turn discourages an investor to invest. Therefore a cross-border investment is highly depended on the country risk of the investment country. Many researchers argue that country risk must be compensated with additional premium, as failure to include a justified country risk premium into the investment valuation would misrepresent its value. In the previous assignments, we suggested an investment in the United Kingdom (UK) so it is required that we calculate a valid country risk premium to adjust the investment value. Every company is not equally exposed to the same country risk as each firm has a different operating strategy (Damodaran, “Measuring Company Exposure” 2). Damodaran suggested two different approaches with the help of which the country risk premium can be measured: the historical premium approach and implied premium approach (“Measuring Company Exposure” 5). The historical risk premium approach uses the past data of return of stock and bond of a country to estimate its risk premium. However, Damodaran proved that historical data usually do not reflect the actual measurement because the value is derived from return on stocks and bonds over time and these values are highly volatile (Damodaran, “Measuring Company Exposure” 5-6). The alternative approach of risk premium calculation uses financially estimated data and does not require historical data; however, the approach suggests that there is no need to calculate country risk to estimate the total risk premium (Damodaran, “Measuring Company Exposure” 13). Since we need to calculate the country risk of the United Kingdom, we will quantify the country risk premium using the historical premium approach suggested by Damodaran. The approach will be employed for several reasons the most important of which is the availability of information. Another factor that we can consider is to categorize the host country based on the rating score: as low risk, medium risk, and high-risk country. According to International Country Risk Guide a country risk can