ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This study provides an overview of the project dedicated to the manufacture and assembly of components of a supersonic jet in France. The system components will be manufactured in five different countries and transported to the assembly point in a supply chain system linking France with the five production points (Schwalbe 2015). Here, market analysis shows that the aircraft will have a fair market value to meet the rising demand for fast air traveling in Europe, which a unique service to be offered in the airline industry. Objective The project was initiated to design and build a Falcon 24 aircraft that has a top speed of 2,400 km/h in the company’s dedicated assembly plant in Toulouse, France. Business Objectives In line with the growing potential market size and growth in demand for unique air travel services, the business objective is to design and build an aircraft to create jobs and provide high-speed air travel services. 1  When the high-speed aircraft comes into operation, the new service will reduce operational expenses by $1 million per year. 2  The profit margin will increase by 20%.                                                                                     3  The project will be delivered within 15% of the approved budget and 90% of the approved time frame.                          Purpose and justification According to Cooke-Davies (2002), the project involves the design and production of an aircraft that has a supersonic speed of 2,400 km/h. The aim is to address the needs of the increasing number of customers who want to travel faster for business functions and official dut
In the US, bioterrorism response planning is multifaceted since every community has its own resources, needs, and challenges, which requires a specific approach. As reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Preparedness (CDC), community-based preparation includes identifying local needs and opportunities, building partnerships, and working on capabilities to cope with a potential attack. In addition, public health response activities involve improved surveillance, vaccination strategies, information management, and epidemiological investigation (“Bioterrorism response planning”, 2017). Since human resources are critical to address bioterrorism, the country also focuses on healthcare facility activities, such as staff vaccination, enhanced care for service providers, and a variety of strategies to prevent the spread of a disease. While the above response planning seems to be relevant and multidimensional, the COVID-19 pandemic shows that the US failed to effectively resist this virus. According to Murthy et al. (2017), the national health emergency preparedness increased by almost 200% in terms of strengthening their capabilities, while more than 20% of states remain underdeveloped in terms of bioterrorism preparedness. As it is shown by Murthy et al. (2017) and the situation with the coronavirus, there is a lack of trained personnel and sustained resources. Even though the spread of this virus was unintentional, its effects are devastating to the healthcare system, economy, and, most importantly, people. Therefore, the current state of the preparedness cannot be estimated as high or sufficient, and the approach needs to be elaborated. It would be better if more attention could also be paid to the accessibility of care and education of people, who can also contribute to addressing the disease at an individual level (Chowell & Mizumoto, 2020). Hospital preparedness, stress coping, and clear care protocols seem to be important areas to consider to improve the existing bioterrorism readiness planning.
Simulation as a random way of making decisions is not very efficient since the outcome is not always good. Suppose the customer randomly goes into a new store, without even knowing the types of goods and services offered there. The outcome will be either a total disappointment or good results. The new shop will attract more customers since the customers tend to think that the shop has good items and services as compared to the old one. In this case, the old shop will therefore be forced to lower the prices to try and attract more customers that have been attracted by the new shop. Lowering the prices with the vision of attracting customers will lead to reduced stock. Reduction in stock does not mean that the profit levels will go down compared to the previous profit margins. Therefore the result will be bringing out the outcome of the random simulation, but if the prices are not lowered, and instead encourage the workers to do more impressive work for the customer, both the store and the customer will get satisfied with each other. The decision of improved labor will bring out better results. Another outcome of the simulation is the old store lowering the prices to compete with the new store since the main aim is attracting more customers to sell more and get more profits. Lowering prices will attract more customers, but the profits made by the two stores will end up being the same since the number of additional customers substitutes the money lost as a result of lowering prices. This will result in interfering with the market prices making other stores lower the prices hence affecting the economy. Lowering prices is not the best option but if the store introduced gifts once an item is sold, more customers would tend to go for the gifted products. The gift
Introduction Today, many large and small organizations start paying attention to the idea of being socially responsible. However, in some cases, companies are not ready to accept all the principles of social responsibility because of the lack of knowledge, unwillingness to put their incomes under threat, or the inability to predict future risks and benefits. Company Q is one of such organizations with a vague attitude toward social responsibility. Instead of protecting the interests of society like employees or customers, Company Q focuses on its values and profits. As a result, poor staff relationships, complaints, and mutual disappointments occur. In this paper, the evaluation of the current attitude of Company Q toward social responsibility will be discussed to develop several recommendations and improve the interior and exterior environment in the organization. Evaluation Social responsibility in business is also known as corporate social responsibility aims at directing companies to behave and organize their business in an ethically correct way in regards to social, economic, and environmental factors. In this case, Company Q focuses only on the economic benefits for its shareholders by closing the stores in higher-crime-rate areas and reducing the amount of high-margin health-conscious products. There are no intentions to join a global movement, attract new customers, or differentiate products from competitors (Elsey, 2018). Instead of searching for some solutions, improvements in society, and participating in voluntary or gratuitous activities, Company Q prefers to avoid problematic areas and reduce its chances to become a socially responsible facility. Determination Taking into consideration the current situation of Company Q, several ways to improve its social responsibility from different perspectives exist. For example, its shareholders may agree to cooperate with the food bank and donate unused food to those who are actually in need. However, the lack of trust in employees’ relationships and poor communication prevents them from taking this step. Many local citizens expect Company Q to enlarge its products and services and offer more health-conscious and organic products. The investigations of Gagliardi (2015) showed that people are ready to pay more for healthy food in case they have credible access to it. Still, the company limits its products and cites worries about lost revenues. Reas
Summary of the Article “The Effects of Clown Intervention on Worries and Emotional Responses in Children Undergoing Surgery” is the article written by Fernandes and Arriaga in 2010 for the Journal of Health Psychology. The main purpose of this work is the evaluation of clown activities’ effects on children who have to undergo surgery. The authors of this article introduce one question and certain conditions under which the research should be conducted and aim at answering this question and examining the situations from different perspectives. The peculiar feature of this article is the idea to unite theory and practice and prove that anxiety and preoperational worries may be influenced by the presence of such distracting options like clowns and their tricks. What is more important about the work is parents’ involvement into research: children undergoing surgery are usually supported by parents, however, it is also necessary to admit that parents are to be supported by some other factors at the same time because their anxiety may influence the development of the events considerably. Article Critique By means of a number of independent variables like parents, children, and clowns and dependent variables such as the level of anxiety and worries, the experiment is conducted. On the one hand, taking into consideration the ideas presented and the outcomes which are achieved at the end of the work, it is possible to believe that it is a true experiment that was conducted under real conditions in the hospital. However, on the other hand, it is hard to believe that children undergoing surgery and their parents are eager to participate in such experiment and use clowns’ activities to improve the situation. From the very beginning of the article, it becomes clear that the researchers find it possible that clowns may influence the emotional state of a child who is going to undergo surgery. This is why the idea of biased attitude to the research is evident. It is already clear that some changes should take place, and clown intervention has a number of effects on children. To introduce the topic and explain its urgency and correctness, different sources are used. As a rule, the authors rely on up-to-date works and discoveries which explain children conditions and attitudes to operations. It is not always possible to know for sure what kind of reaction on surgery may be expected from a child, this is why it is better to use children of different age (the authors of the article under discussion invited children between 5 and 12 years and their families). As it has been mentioned above, the research question is stated clearly that deprives the reader of the necessity to dig for some additional facts in order to comprehend the matter. The hypothesis that clown intervention has some effects on children undergoing surgery is perfectly stated and explained in the paper. This study is characterized by both types of validity: external and internal. External validity is explained by
Whole Foods Market is a large American food supermarket headquartered in Austin, Texas. The firm has global market coverage, with its presence heavily felt in the American and European markets. Founded by John Mackey and Rene Lawson in 1978, this firm has grown massively over the years through mergers and acquisitions. Currently, the firm is considered as one of the leading supermarkets in the United States. The firm has been keen on selling organic products in its stores. The US Environmental Protection Agency ranked Whole Foods Market as the fourth best firm in the list of Top Green Power Partners in the United States (Coulter, 2009). The focus of the firm to protect the environment and provide healthy natural foods in its store is tied to its vision of being the leading provider of healthy foods in the world. The management of this firm has been keen on developing strategies for this firm in line with its mission which stipulates how this firm will continuously offer natural organic foods to its customers. An analysis of this firm reveals the fact that it has had an upward trend in the market share within the United States and European market. This has been so because the vision of the firm has been kept clear. This may be attributed to the fact that the founder is still the chief executive officer of the firm. He has ensured that the firm remains focused on the ideas that were originally developed when the firm was stated. This has helped in giving this firm an identity. Another factor that could have propelled this growth is the focused and well motivated employees at various stores of this firm. The management of this firm has succeeded in creating an organizational culture that is unique to this firm. Employees of Whole Foods Market always have a near uniform code of conduct when addressing the market issues. The way a customer in its Austin Branch is treated will be the same way a customer in Boston will be treated. The design of their stores is also the same irrespective of the location or the size of that store. This way, they have created an environment of familiarity with the customers. A customer in Texas will walk into Whole Foods Market store in London and be familiar with the store on his or her first visit because of the familiarity of the design and of the attendants. The firm has maintained a policy of always having a satisfied customer in the market. This has earned it success not only in the American markets, but also in the markets that it entered recently in Europe. This industry has become very competitive, as new firms come into the market with products that already exist. The competition has become very stiff given the fact that it has ventured into the global market. This firm will now face global issues that will require proper strategies to overcome. The competitive environment can only be managed by developing competitive marketing strategies that would help the firm remain sustainable in the market. G
Jean Baudrillard commences his work on “simulacra and Simulation” by falsely attributing the quote, “The simulacrum is never which conceals the truth-it is the truth which conceals that there is none; the simulacrum is true,” to the book of Ecclesiastes in the Bible (Baudrillard, 1988, p. 166). Explaining why he commenced his work on a ‘lie’, Baudrillard explained that unlike what most believe, the bible is exhaustible since people cannot find everything they need or want in it (Baudrillard & Turner, 2004, p. 11). A summation of Baudillard’s view of the Bible can be interpreted to mean that what Christians (or believers in other religions) accept as true or real, could indeed be illusory or fictitious. Specifically, Baudrillard alludes that the reflection of reality could only be a mask, which disguises idealism as reality. As such, the reflections are pure simulacrum. In addition to religion, other cultural aspects like consumerism and science have also been scrutinised. According to Rettberg (2005, p. 2) all cultural aspects “seem to offer potentialities which, when exposed to brutal light of reality, are insufficient.” Admittedly, there exists a paradox between realism and idea
The research work, that I would like to discuss, is aimed at exploring archeological sites, commonly found in the United Kingdom, which are usually known as Fulacht fiadh. The researcher presents a comprehensive study of these historical monuments; however, some statements, made by the author, can be disputed. First, it is argued that in the overwhelming majority of cases, Fulacht fiadh can be found in Ireland, though archeological findings indicate that similar constructions exist not only in Ireland but also in other parts of the British Isles. Probably, it would be more prudent to widen the scope of research and take into consideration Fulacht fiadh, excavated in England, Wales, Scotland, and the Isle of Man. Another controversial point of this research is the restrictions, made by the author. It is said, that there are many types of Fulacht fiadh sites, therefore, this study should focus only on “classical” types of this construction. However, it is not quite clear on which criterion classical types are singled out. Archeologists do not favor such division; because historical monuments, which are usually classified as Fulacht fiadh sites, are not always similar to each other and it is difficult to find any traditional pattern or certain deviations from this pattern. The description of a classical Fulacht fiadh presented in the paper is often disputed. The main reason for it is that there are very few obligatory elements, for instance, burnt mound, or fireplace. Such parts as potboiler or hearth are not always present. Thus, it is hardly possible to speak of the “classical” sites. Additionally, analyzing different theories as to the functioning of Fulacht fiadh constructions, the author argues that they served many purposes. Naturally, the multi-functional approach seems to be the most convenient in this case. Supporters of this theory state that Fulacht fiadh were used for bathing, cooking, or even dying however, it should be borne in mind that such an approach was not quite typical of people living in the Bronze Age. In addition to that, archaeologists state that there is no evidence indicating that Fulacht fiadh were used for cooking because the remnants of animal bones or foodstuff are very rarely found. As it has already been mentioned that the researcher takes a multi-functional approach to this issue, but such interpretation disregards the fact, that multi-functionalism was alien to prehistoric people. The author views Fulacht fiadh findings as various manifestations of the same phenomenon, but probably, these monuments are entirely different constructions. Naturally, such a statement may seem unorthodox to say the least. However, the findings of archeologists suggest, there is no distinct pattern; so maybe, Fulacht fiadh should be treate
Throughout my prevailing concept of cultural issues on this research, I have drawn most of my illustration from marketing researches currently done in China. Chinese culture is portrayed by theoretical ideologies encountered during Cultural Revolution. Culture is defined as a set of essential understandings that members of a society share in common. These set of essential understandings are often not stated. Cross-cultural communication can be defined as a process of communications between citizens from different cultural background. Some of the major cross-cultural issues that may Impact Company A’s marketing approach in this situation are; Cultural factors, differences in systems of laws, unethical behavior, rules of conduct, clear guidelines, right to choice, efficiency and effectiveness, religion, and education. Cultural differences and the expectations affect all business transaction globally. Therefore, it is important for the USA marketers to understand the culture and expectations of the Chinese people. For example, the Chinese have self-control in terms of their communication style such as their value for silence as they reserve it for cautious judgment and reflection. The Americans on the other hand value talking, view silence as a tough negotiating technique, and tend to be uncomfortable when there is a gap of silence in the conversation. Furthermore, the Chinese also are shy in communication and give hints to others about what they really want; this contrasts with the frankness in American culture. Another difference is a context versus content orientation. In China, guanxi, which is a set of connections or relationships, form the context of business. When Chinese managers negotiate a contract, they rely on the context in which the contract was negotiated as opposed to Americans who rely on the content of the contract. The specific words, the dates, the amounts, the tasks are spelled out clearly and are very vital for an American manager. The above may impact an American’s company marketing strategy in that the Americans might be forced for example to value context of the contract as opposed to content, hold spells of silence in their negotiation and also be able to understand a Chinese managers hinting.. The instances such as illegal campaign contributors, bribery, knowingly selling defective goods, and hiding information represent cross-cultural misconduct identified above and can lead to contrasting business performance. USA for example is prohibited to engage in bribery in business despite the fact that the company faces jail terms and heavy fines. One of the impacts of cross-cultural ethical differences in marketing strategies between the United States and China is that the American managers must make sure that an agreement with a Chinese manager must never lead to shame sometimes-extraordinary efforts to preserve face may be necessary. This is because in the Chinese culture courtesy is highly valued as well as righteo
Introduction The momentum at which the process of globalization has taken place has been increasing since the Second World War. Globalization has broken national labor markets and systems of industrial relations open, internal labor markets have been destabilized due to subcontracting which has often coincided with the deregulation of external labor markets. The main changes associated with globalization and which are regarded as having significant impacts on labor organization and production processes include direct foreign investments and outward production by multinationals, trade liberalization which has seen domestically produced goods replaced by goods produced abroad, and the increased application of technology (especially by global enterprises) which has been linked to reduction and decreased dependence on labor. These changes have occurred because of technology and the economy; these changes have benefited cooperation the most and workers the least. Changes due to globalization Multi-national enterprises play a significant role in globalization. They are responsible for facilitating most of the inter-firm and intra-firm transitions all over the world. Large Canadian enterprises continue to venture into the global marketplace. Marchildon& McDowall, p.1-3) make a distinction between two types of multinational enterprises in Canada, subsidiaries of international enterprises in Canada and Canadian-owned multinationals. Before the 1990s the top Canadian multinationals were General Motors Canada, Ford motor company of Canada and Chrysler Canada. Direct foreign investments by such companies often result in unemployment in the home country when business operations are shifted to other countries. Similarly when such companies seek to minimize operational costs, they may opt for outward production. Demand for labor has been gradually affected by the pressures of global competition, technology change, industrial reconstructing, and trade liberalization that firms are facing due to globalization. Most companies have adopted different adjustment strategies like mass layoffs, early retirement programs and plant closures. Employment hiring is now in the form of contracts and has is now concentrated in small non-unionized firms. Globalization has also resulted in an increase in non-standard forms of employment like multiple holding, part-time jobs, and self-employment (Riddel,St-Hilaire&Institute for Research on public policy ,2000).Riddle further notes that on average real wages in the Canadian labor market have remained stagnant since the 1970s and that there has been a steady increase in wage inequality. According to Blanpain, Lansbury&Wailes (2008, p.85) globalization is affecting production in the motor vehicle industry and other manufacturing activities in two main ways. The first effect is that the production period has been shortened while the second effect is that there has been a growing demand for new goods like cars. Production has been enhanced through labor integrat