ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The invoking of realism as a framework often happens in the description of the relationship between China and Japan. However, realism fails to account for the tensions caused by China’s attempts to change international norms, making constructivism the best theoretical framework for explaining relations between the two nations. The imperatives are for self-help. The need for a balance of power serves as an important factor cited for shaping regional relations in East Asia. Realist theorists foresee the danger of conflict over the balance of power. Meanwhile, liberal theorists see that there is a growing opportunity for economic integration. They hope that integration will lead to shared values (Dunne, 2001). This paper presents a case of China and Japan’s relationship. It shall invoke realism, but also counter its argument with evidence showing the emergence of constructivism in the relationship between the two countries. China views Japan as a significant other. Its relations with Japan follow a unique cultural relationship that includes aspects of anthropology, sociology, and cross-cultural psychology. The Chinese have a cultural policy called “guanxi,” which drives all social interactions within and outside its borders. An importa
Loyalty becomes a euphemism for blind obedience in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. A curious relationship exists amongst the main pairings of fathers and sons therein. Though grown men, the sons in Hamlet essentially do exactly what their fathers tell them to do, without so much as a word of protest. These boy-men adopt their fathers’ arguments, vendettas, and wars as their own, and seemingly guide their actions entirely by paternal approval. In the case of Hamlet, he surrenders his own life and future to the will of his father, albeit following significant hesitation, not to mention the passage of an entire play. Nonetheless, this essay examines the core action Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras share in Hamlet : the absolute subjugation of their own personal ambitions and desires to paternal rule. Let us begin with Hamlet. His case begs particularly close scrutiny when we consider that the elder Hamlet has passed away. At the beginning of the play, Hamlet receives the dictum of action from the ghost of his father, demanding revenge against his treacherous brother, Claudius, with a decidedly passive aggressive manipulative tactic: “List, list, O, list! If thou didst ever thy dear father love – …Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder” (Shakespeare 1744). Interestingly, at no point in this initial exchange between father and son does the elder Hamlet ask his son if he might be agreeable to the challenge. The ghost simply indicts the king. “Now, Hamlet, hear: ‘Tis given out that, sleeping in my orchard, A serpent stung me; so the whole ear of Denmark, Is by a forged process of my death, Rankly abused: but know, thou noble youth, The serpent that did sting thy father’s life, Now wears his crown” (Shakespeare 1744). The ghost then employs heavy handed tactics to remind Hamlet of his station and duty: “If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not; Let not the royal bed of Denmark be, A couch fo
Introduction A financial report reader could be an investor, analyst, system regulator, other financial paper drafters or anyone interested. It is the readers’ wish to get trustworthy and transparent data of the company. The clear and easy to understand a report is, the easier it is for the investor to make investment decisions. The term that defines transparency is a report that is of high quality. Transparency can help greatly to improve the communication between the drafters and the policy makers, with the readers and publishers. It helps also in the push for companies to give information that is reliable under a standardized framework (McEwen 68). Importance of transparency Studies show that transparency touches on a broad range of business activities, from a single company to an entire nation. The psychology of an investor is positively appealed to through good financial reporting. Risks have to be seen to be elaborated without much complexity. Reports that are complicated may tend to hide the level of debt a company may be in. High caliber investors may affect the economy though their decisions for or against investment in a certain country. It is of utmost importance for a country to embrace proper standards set for their financial release in order to attract foreign investments (Mensah, Nguyen and Prattipati 48). In the country level, transparency is attained through the measure of the economic value of a transaction, by how it is accounted for. A financial analyst in dire needs to get conclusions of a business firm through its report anywhere in the world is what this paper tries to address. The acceptable practice of transparency reporting is this paper’s main aim (McEwen 90). Steps to attain transparency The main steps to attain transparency are the analyst coming to knowledge of a company’s current and future economic health, getting to know the risks to be taken in the days ahead, evaluating the openness of the financial reports availed, assessing the company’s profitability and forecasting predictions. A satisfied analyst is one whose company’s reports are open enough to accord him/her the ability to draw clear conclusions (Mensah, Nguyen and Prattipati 48). Transparency levels Failure of transparency from the top level will affect the quality of the subsequent levels. The first level is about transactions and events that directly affected the business current economic position. Any lack of information disclosure at this level has a direct impact on the overall analysis. As an analyst, the report given by auditors is useful for this level. The second level is a look into the accounting methods that were employed. The analyst checks on the adopted principles and seeks an explanation of their application. Lack of proper information inclusion may leave the analyst without a clear view of whether the right methods were employed or not. Level three deals
It is indeed true that the knowledge behind science can be used to answer several questions on non-renewable energy. For instance, should we use non-renewable energy resources? How can the non-renewable energy resources be used? This part of the essay will explore these questions using oil in the Middle East as an example. To begin with, physical science has a rich knowledge on non-renewable energy resources. A dominant example of non-renewable resource is oil. It cannot be renewed because once the oil fields have been depleted; it is not possible to carry out additional mining activities (Zycher, 2011). For example, even though the Middle East region is rich in oil as a natural resource, the wells will eventually dry up if mining activities continue over an extended length of time. It is scientific knowledge that the use of fossil fuels such as oil leads to the pollution of the environment. When fossil fuels undergo the process of combustion, the hydrocarbons are transformed into carbon-dioxide and water molecules. There are some traces of fossil fuels that also emit poisonous gases when subjected to heat. For example, hydrogen sulfide is one such toxic gas. This implies that the use of oils or fossil fuels poses unique environmental challenges. Carbon dioxide is largely responsible for greenhouse effect when emitted into the environment. It is a major greenhouse gas that has been responsible for the warming effe
Introduction Healthcare is a strategically important industry that determines the health status and quality of life of the population. Therefore, a large number of requirements and standards are imposed on the activities of branch institutions to ensure the proper quality of medical services performed. In market relations, the task falls on the heads of medical institutions to ensure the diversification of income channels, as an obligatory component of the effective functioning of a healthcare institution. In most cases, the source of increasing the results of economic activity is the search for internal reserves. However, in such conditions, it is reasonable to use the innovation and investment model of development to create a competitive institution. The specific composition, creation, and use of certain types of reserves should be planned differently within the framework of a system of short-term, medium-term, and long-term plans. Following the reserves laid down for our private clinic, four main strategic directions of development can be distinguished. These are improving the organization of work and increasing the efficiency of the provision of services, as well as the quality of medical services. Important directions are the introduction of new paid services and the expansion of the volume of services; development in this area can be provided by the purchase of an imaging center. The implementation of the proposed system of directions will contribute to improving the efficiency of using the identified reserves of economic activity of medical organizations. The introduction of new types of medical activities and the implementation of projects aimed at expanding the provision of medical services can significantly increase the income of a private clinic. Thus, investing in the purchase of an imaging center is a far-sighted move in the strategy for further financial development. Analysis of the Financial Operations Below is a comparison of the key financial indicators of the imaging center, obtained during the analysis of financial operations, for 2020 with similar industry averages for 2020. The median value is used as the average indicator, the meaning of which is as follows: half (50%) of all organizations have an indicator above the median, and the other half – below (Yaduvanshi & Sharma, 2017). The indicators of 100 organizations with a revenue of $ 1,500,000 engaged in the type of activity “Visualization of medical images” are taken as the average industry indicators. The indicator of the autonomy coefficient is 0.43, which is slightly worse than the industry average, at least half of similar enterprises have approximately the same share of their funds in the capital. The return on sales is 37.5%: the profit from sales in each dollar of revenue significantly exceeds the industry average. The net profit rate is 29%; it shows how many cents of net prof
Introduction A coral drowning detection system is an innovative product that gives pool owners peace of mind. It uses software and a camera to monitor pool activities and analyze underwater events in the pool. It can capture near-drowning events, and when they arise, it generates an alarm. It can also be connected to other alert systems such that when there is a potential drowning event, connected services, and people are all alerted. It falls within the pool safety industry. This report analyzes the pool safety industry in the United Arab Emirates. It purposefully refines its interest in drowning detection systems. Industry’s Dominant Features There are three general types of drowning detection systems. These three common types are noted by their functionality. The first category uses CCTV cameras and allows lifeguards to get additional underwater views. The second one uses CCTV cameras with computer monitoring and automatic alarms that provide easy detection of an appropriate size such as swimmers who are in possible difficulty underwater. The third category has wristband tags that have computer monitoring and automatic alarms. They help to detect other wristbands that are outside set depth. They rely on movement and time parameters and are useful for detecting swimmers in potential difficulty. The respective markets for the three categories of drowning detection systems are measured by the size of the installation and the general sophistication of the equipment used. The first and second categories are for small and medium-sized pools with a limited number of personnel in charge at any time. The second category shall be the key focus of this report and can work independently. The third category that involves networked wristband tags is for situations that include many swimmers and lifeguards, mostly in large commercial pools (Sport England 1-4). The drowning detection systems are marketed as safety features and installations. They are targeted at facilities and households seeking to improve the safety of their pools, especially for children. This implies that the product is for homes and facilities that already have pools. These locations of pools can be private or public, and in the respective areas, there are different social and economic dynamics in play. For homes, owning a pool is often a luxurious feature, which highlights the economic status of the family using the pool. Public pools can be community service installations or commercial installations by businesses seeking to offer a service where there is demand for swimming as a recreational service. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), swimming activities peak in summer. The country is known as a great tourist destination because of its sunlight throughout the year and high tem
Abstract Wits Beach Hotel is a luxury hotel located at the coastal town of Mombasa in Kenya. It offers a wide variety of services to the local and international customers. Like any other organization, the business is affected by the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors in this area. This essay analyzes some of these factors, with a discussion of their effects on the operation of the organization. The legal and regulatory forces and trends affecting the organization are not limited to the local setup. Besides, the international business environment also affects the organization. The essay also evaluates the economic, social, and environmental trends that are important to the organization. It establishes that Wits Beach Hotel has a poor response to change. The study further evaluates technology, culture, and leadership at the organization. The key finding is that the management encourages transformative leadership. Lastly, the study analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the organization. Introduction The paper provides a strategic plan for Wits Beach Hotel, which is a business enterprise that offers tourist services and accommodation in the Kenyan coastal city of Mombasa. The hotel is a family-owned business enterprise, with the intention of offering exclusive services to tourists and local travelers. The mission of Wits Beach Hotels is to be a market leader in the provision of catering services to international and local tourists. The hotel also offers up-to-date services besides serving the best excellent foods. It is important to analyze some of the local and international forces and trends influencing the operations of Wits Beach Hotel. Therefore, this essay is an assessment of the forces and trends acting in the business environment of Wits Beach Hotel. Legal and Regulatory Forces and Trends Businesses exist in an environment that is defined by laws and regulations, which affect their performance and competitiveness. The rules of the country where this business is situated together with the global laws governing its line of trade have a major effect on it. The international tourism society dictates the operations of the business, thus acting in conjunction with the local labor laws (Pearce, & Robinson, 2009). The legal trends in the tourism industry in Kenya and the international front will affect the business in several ways. The establishment of Wits Beach Hotel is a legal process. The customer base is also dependent on international and local laws. The main laws that govern the hotel and catering industry in the country are favorable to the operations of Wits Beach Hotel. Tax exemptions for the provision of services are listed as crucial to the economic development of the country. The laws are also attractive to foreigners, with the ministry of tourism embarking on a campaign to lure the
Introduction – Facts on Liberia Liberia is a country located on the shores North Atlantic Ocean in West Africa. Covering an area of 43,000 sq. miles and having a population of around 3.49 million people, its capital city is Monrovia, which has a population of 1.01 million. In addition, the country’s annual economic growth rate as at 2008 was 2.1%. Unlike most African countries, Liberia was never officially colonized; it became a republic in 1847, having been established by slaves who had been sent to the country from the US after being set free. Liberia therefore regards the United States of America as its pseudo-colonialist. There are 16 indigenous tribes in Liberia with the most dominant group being the Kpelle accounting for about 20% of the population. There are also “descendants of freed slaves that arrived in Liberia after 1820, who make up less than 5% of the population” (US Department of State, 2010). The population of Liberia is predominantly Christian (85%) with Muslims forming a sizeable percentage, 12% (US Department of State, 2010). Moreover, the official language of Liberia is English. Liberia’s mainly depends on agriculture, with rubber being its cash crop. For many years, Liberia was among the stable countries in Africa until the onset of the civil war, which ravaged the country and brought it onto its knees. The country is now trying to recover from the devastating war, with political reforms being put in place. Liberia held its first democratic elections in November 2005, with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf emerging victorious to rule the nation and become the pioneer African woman to head country democratically elected. History of the Liberian civil war Since the inception of Liberia as a republic, it has been ruled mainly by the Americo-liberians. This is despite the fact that they account for less than 5% of the population. This group created legislation, which ensured that they remain in power. They ensured that the members of indigenous communities could not be allowed to vote until 1946 when the law was repealed. However, the domination of the americo-liberians continued until “1980 when a group from the indigenous Krahn tribe, led by Samuel Doe, staged a military coup against the government” that was led by William Tolbert, an Americo-liberians (Insight on Conflict, 2010). In a surprise turn of events, Doe put to death William Tolbert and many other officials of his government who were mainly americo-liberians and aided in the formation of Peoples Redemption Council (PRC), a party of the indigenous Liberians. This party ousted the True Whig Party, which had been in leadership since the inception of the republic (US department of state). However
Organization that developed the guideline This guideline was developed by World Health Organization after conducting a research in this field. This organization sponsored the entire project and made it possible for the researchers to get access to the materials they needed. The intended users of the guideline This guideline was meant to guide nurses on how to manage HIV-positive mothers whose children were HIV-free. The affected mothers may also find this guideline to be very important as a way of protecting their children from the virus. The guideline objective(s) The objective of this guideline was to find ways through which HIV-positive mothers can protect their HIV-free children from a possible infection. It was also meant to find ways of feeding these children in a proper manner, especially in cases where breastfeeding is eliminated. Methods used to collect evidence for the guideline Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected from sampled respondents who were classified into three groups. The respondents had to be HIV-positive mothers whose children are below 18 months. Secondary data was collected from relevant journals, books, and reliable online sources. Guideline recommendations The main recommendation from the study was that HIV-positive mothers should avoid breastfeeding their HIV-free children as much as possible. In case breastfeeding was considered unavoidable, then the mother should take necessary medication to eliminate chances of transferring the virus. The guideline also recommended empowering the affected mothers through seminars and mass media. Nurses in the group that authored the guideline The study was conducted by a group of doctors and nurses who were contracted by World Health Organization. These nurses were taken from various private and public hospitals within the United States of America. Relevance of the recommendations to my clinical area The recommendations are relevant to my clinical area because it empowers the nurses who are handling delicate cases where HIV-positive mothers have to care for HIV-free infants. The recommendations also make it possible for the nurses to find ways of working together with the affected mothers in improving the health of their children. Summary of Research Study  1. Purpose     The purpose of this research study was to find effective ways through which mothers who are HIV-positive can
Below, you will find an essay on the Bhopal gas tragedy. It discusses and analyses the causes and effects of the incident. Introduction The Bhopal Gas Leak is the worst environmental disaster in our history. This disaster occurred on December 12, 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL), a pesticide-manufacturing factory in Bhopal, India, and was caused by a leak of methyl isocyanate gas (MIC) and other lethal gases from the plant (Rosenberg, 2011). The gas cloud emanating from this leak contained nearly 15 metric tons of MIC and spread over the vast and densely populated Bhopal city. The gas leak killed at least 4,000 people immediately and caused health complications for at least 50,000 inhabitants with some agencies reporting a figure of 500,000. These health complications have resulted in the death of more than 15,000 people over the last two decades while a large number (estimated at 100,000) still suffers from the effects of the gas leak, with ten people dying every year (Broughton, 2005). Chemicals released during the leakage were deposited in the area around the plant and have continued to seep into the groundwater. Other sources of pollution include leaks from isolation material and residues as the containers used for storing them are slowly wearing out. Tests carried out by UCIL in 1989 showed that soil and water in the Bhopal neighborhood were poisonous to fish and other aquatic life. In 1994, studies indicated that 21% of the UCIL premises were highly contaminated with toxic chemicals. Apart from humans, animals were also affected by the MIC leak: at least 2,000 animals, both wild and domesticated, were found dead. Cause of the Disaster The gas leak is said to have begun when water entered a tank that contained 42 tons of MIC, an ingredient in the production of pesticide. This contact led to an exothermic reaction that elevated temperatures inside the tank to more than 200 0 C, leading to a corresponding elevation in pressure. This caused the tank to vent, releasing poisonous gases into the atmosphere, the spread of the leaked gas was hastened by the northwesterly winds blowing over Bhopal (Rosenberg, 2011). The explanation as to how water entered the MIC tank has varied depending on the investigating agency. Union Carbide, the major shareholder in the firm, stated that such a large amount of water could only enter the tank through sabotage by an employee. Somebody intentionally put water inside the tank leading to a reaction and eventually a gas leak. However, the Indian government accused Union Carbide of not taking adequate security measures to avert or cont