ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Because of the growing danger of environmental problems, mankind must consider the most important issues now. Otherwise, people will not be able to control the changes which occur in nature at present. The decreasing populations of animals witness this fact in the most explicit way. One of the most peculiar animals, the red squirrel and its desperate state has been described by the workers of the Mount Graham International Observatory. Being a scientific text, this piece of writing also involves an entertaining element so that it could reach the mass culture as well. Aimed to avert people’s attention to the current problems of the environment and the inhabitants of the local wildlife, the text also tries to make the reader feel interested in the fat of the animals described. Speaking about the most important rhetorical aspects of the text, the author must be mentioned first. It is quite obvious that the author of the text is determined to persuade the reader in his/her opinion about the given situation, as well as to encourage the reader to some actions. Another rhetorical issue of the text in question is the reader which the text is aimed at. Because of the complicity of the problem, the abovementioned author, Bruce Walsh, decide to make as many people as possible interested in the text, which drove him/her to create a model of an average reader of an unidentified age. Because of the peculiar language and the important message in the text, it can entice both a child and an adult, which the author was aiming at. One more important rhetorical aspect of the text in question is its limitations. Since the author could not predict who was going to read the text, he could not make it fully scientific, which resulted in the fact that the information on the red squirrels and their state has not been presented in full to the readers. It is also worth noticing that the text cannot involve the reader in dialogue due to the specific topic – all that the author has managed to do was to present the information. Works Cited Walsh, B. The Mt. Graham Red Squirrel. Mt. Graham International Observatory . 2010. Web.
The case in (Merseth, 1997) tells us about a successful teacher Erica Suzman who takes a step forward in her career and enters a new school as a principal. Despite Erica is full of inspiration and enthusiasm, her entry is not as smooth as she might expect. Trying to set rapport with her subordinates, Erica nevertheless cannot find a common language with some of the teachers, as well as with her assistant, Harriet Clyde. There are several reasons for the difficulties the new principal has with her entry. First of all, Erica’s challenging situation is caused by the fact that she does not manage to switch the model of her behavior and decision-making from a teacher to a principal. She has not developed a strategy for her principalship and has no neat vision of her leadership style. If we look at the set of pairs of mental representations offered by Reason (2010) (each pair helps to detect what point a leader is inclined to in his/her leadership style), we will notice that some of the pairs concern the very issues that Principal Suzman should have thought over: for example, “The leader’s role: master or servant?”, “Change solutions: prepackaged or cocreated?” et al. These pairs of mental representations imply that a leader should have a deliberate view on whether he/she involves subordinates in decision-making, and when and how he/she should do it. Instead, Erica did not choose either this model or the opposite one, but focused on setting relations with colleagues and hired Mrs. Clyde under the influence of circumstances (Merseth, p.58). Thus, the main task that Miss Suzman has to cope with is to “use [her] head more than [her] heart” (p.68) and develop her position as a leader. Besides, she needs to get used to t
Introduction The current civil conflict in Syria that continues to upsurge every day is damaging the good relationship between Turkey and Syria. It is terminating the impressive bond between the Turkey’s ruling party, Adelet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP), and the al-Assad’s government that has existed for almost a decade. Turkey’s Prime Minister in cooperation with the Foreign Minister ostracised their previous associate and backed the insurgents, as a way of preventing the revolt from infiltrating into Turkey. This move has led to an upsurge of refugees, military rebels, and opposition leaders, who are deserting the tyrannical authority, into Turkey. Turkey has not only declared its support for the insurgents, but also promised a military intervention if the government continues with its violent suppression. Turkish government has lauded support for the revolutionists stating that Syria will greatly benefit from the resistance. Syrian government has disregarded the threats raising the question if these events will prompt Turkey to cease its “soft power” and initiate hard power as a way of protecting its southern border. From Compulsion to Stabilisation History reveals that Turkey utilised mechanisms of hard power towards Syria when Syria backed the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) thirty years ago. In an attempt to terminate Damascus sponsorship for the military rebels that Ankara had been unable to conquer for years, the Turkish government implemented pressure tactics against Syria on not less than three incidents in the 1980s, as well as 1990s (Bishku 36-53). In the late 1980s, the Turkish government took advantage of the influence they had over the headwaters of Euphrates as well as Tigris to snip a chip on Syria. The anticipation was that Damascus would run out of options and withdraw its support for the PKK because Turkey had fortified its shares on the regional rivers. However, this strategy botched as Syria continued supporting the group. Later in 1992, Turkey applied a second pressure strategy that was also unsuccessful when Ankara ignored retaliation threats on Syria if it continued sheltering PKK. The coercion ultimately inspired a temporary agreement when Damascus decided to remove PKK fighters from Helwe drill site. However, the leaders of Turkey did not react when Syria allowed PKK to launch a site where 1000 insurgents were drilled in 1993. Turkey also failed in its third effort, when it had to stop its battle with Syria because of the unpredicted outbreak of conflict with Greece (Bishku 36-53). The defining moment came in the fourth effort of Ankara in 1998 when Washington, Tehran, and Cairo supported them. The Turkish government hinted that it would use compulsion in case Damascus refused to comply and continue backing terrorist activities. Ankara established a diplomatic invasive as well as martial campaign to support its coercions (Damla 41-50). These tactics in line with the strong support from Washington enabled Turkey to succeed eventually. Ankara signed the Adana agreement, which that stated, “PKK t
Houses in Miami lost more value as compare to other five towns in under study, they lost 0.51 while Los Angeles house value fell from 1.9 to 1.4 which is 0.5. Houses in Dallas shed off a small margin which was by 0.03 and Boston houses lost by 0.07 and lastly houses in Detroit lost by 0.16. In the year 2007 the data values mainly fall to the left of the mean, the distribution is said to be negatively or left-skewed. This mean falls to the right of he median, and both mean and the median fall to the right of the mode. This is the same case with the year 2008 although the negative skewness reduced in value. In the year 2007 the skewness was -0.67 and 2008 -1.23. The geometric mean for the data in 2007 was 1.45 while in the year 2007 was 1.2 while the mean was 1.5 and 1.2 respectfully. The standard deviations was 0.42 and 0.3 for the year 2007 and 2008 respectfully this shown in the excel extract below (Sprague, John 2008). The chart below shows the trend taken by these houses The rate which the value of houses fell was higher in Detroit, Los Angeles and Miami as compared to Dallas and Boston as shown by the chart above. After conducting a literature review and looking at relevant surveys, the three propositions emerged to steer this discussion. The results were complied and interpreted using analytical framework all propositions were seen to be proved accurate and supportive of the existing theory, evident in the literature review. From the propositions it was clear that the financial crisis has had impact on the value of home homes. Those towns where job losses were affected more because people were unable to pay for the mortgages and thus value went down at a bigger rate(Sprague,2008). The value of houses has gone down to a great extend for the last 2 years. And there are certain factors which have been associated with the decline that is performance of the economy. The lose of jobs influenced to great extend the demand of the homes and people were unable to secure credit facilities thus unable to pay for their mortgages. Reliability was another factor which was said to contribute much to the people ability to secure money to pay for mortgages this is because employment was being lost at higher rate(Sprague,2008). Since the slow down of the housing market severely affects the financial market, and the economy, slowing down the number of foreclosures may be the first step in the recovery of the housing market Sprague (2008). As a first step, Banks should tighten their lending requirements and increase the interest rates to discourage people from borrowing to purchase new homes. However, lending to eligible applicants has to commence again. A combination of these two actions will help reduce the
Aims of the module The course aims to equip the students with the knowledge of computer applications in Graphic Communication and Design. The learning outcomes   * At the end of the course, the student should be able to produce orthographic drawings through geometric construction techniques and relate this to architectural settings.   * The student should have developed the ability to create 3D Computer-Aided surface and solid models and produce Computer-Aided drawings and images from such models.   * The student should have understood the design principles and their relevance in professional graphic presentations.   * The student should have learned the functions of desktop publishing in Graphics. Course content The course contains the following areas of study; Technical Graphics, Computer-Aided 3D Modeling, Visualization and Presentation, and Computer-Aided Graphic Presentation Modes of assessment Assessments consisted of Continuous Assessment Tests (10%), Practicals/Projects (40%), and the end of Module exam (50%). The project required a group presentation after completion. Teaching styles The lecturer applied a practical approach to tackling the course. Available resources There were enough resources for use in this course. The materials that were available in the college’s physical library were adequate and proportional to the student population. The lecturer also provided materials based on recent developments in computer modeling. The students also used online libraries and academic databases that were relevant. Number of students in each class The population of students in this class was quite manageable. The class had 80 students that were registered. This class was managed by one lecturer. Coverage of the course content The course content was covered as per the schedule. The continuous assessment tests and practical assessments were carried out as per the schedule and the students had enough time to prepare for the final exam. Table 1.1: Module Planning for Personal Development. Factor                     Observation                                                                                                                                                                   Importance  Comments on the factors                                                                                                                                               description                and reflection                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Nature of the subject      The subject is quite practical and needs the hands-on participation of the students. Students were required to think creatively in developing some designs.                   7
The so-called Arts and Crafts Movement appeared in Britain at the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. It was inspired by John Ruskin’s works. This movement romanticized the image of craftsman, who takes pride in his work and does not perform it as some soulless robot. They believed that dehumanization of work and industrialization could transform artists or craftsmen into a machine that does everything automatically. To a certain degree, it symbolized the end of the Victorian epoch and probably it was a reaction to the constant process of industrialization. The supporters of this movement tried to find a compromise between art and the industrial machine. We can say that at the end of the twentieth century this compromise was found and now it is called design. People who were associated with this movement for instance William Morris or Mackmurdo believed that that Victorian urbanization made an assault on the integrity of an artist or a craftsman. Its representatives were firmly convinced that a person had to adhere to the principles of the craft but not to the principles of the industrialized production, which means it is the quality of the work, which counts not quantity otherwise; the craftsman would gradually become a hack worker or a machine (Meggs, 33). They believed that the key principle of craftsmanship is that the person must derive pleasure from his work Thus we may arrive at the conclusion that the representatives of this movement attempted to equate art and craft. In point of fact, such designers as Morris or Morris or Mackmurdo believed these two notions had been a single entity once but they had been torn apart during the process of industrial revolution and craft gradually transformed into soulless machine production. Therefore, they set an aim to put these two halves together. The key feature of this movement is that the principle of division of labor was entirely alien to them, in other words the representative of Arts and Crafts Movement believed that an artisan must create all the parts himself; probably with some help of his apprentice. However, we cannot say that adherents of this movement entirely denied mass production. Morris for instance designed some carpets for machine production. It must be taken into consideration that these movement had a great impact on later art. Especially, their idea, that craft and art should be joined into a single entity. With time passing this mixture of artisanship and art was called applied arts or design. The main peculiarity of applied arts is the attempt to combine usefulness and esthetics. It is worth mentioning that this movement influenced the German Bauhaus school, which was founded by Walter Gropius whose ideal was to integrate quality, technolog
An accounting ratio that is also called a financial ratio is a relation of two numerical values from a company’s performance or its financial statement. Regardless of the industry of operation, business itself generates ratios. In their turn, investors and analysts use ratios as a financial tool to compare strong and weak points of a company or several companies. One ratio cannot be considered sufficient to conduct a financial analysis and provide a statement, while a set of ratios is rather beneficial for companies. (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2007). The latter helps to understand changes occurring within the same company and between the organizations. In addition, organizations of different size may be contrasted. The revealed tendencies may be used while designing financial statements in both short-term and long-term periods. There are several ratios, which compose three categories such as profitability, liquidity, and solvency. The category of liquidity focuses on identifying the amount of cash that can be received rapidly and involves quick ratio (acid test ratio), accounts receivable turnover ratio, inventory turnover ratio, etc. (Porter & Norton, 2015). The quick ratio (acid test ratio) characterizes an organization’s ability to repay its short-term obligations through the sale of liquid assets. It is calculated as the ratio of the most liquid part of working capital (cash, receivables, and short-term financial investments) to short-term liabilities. It can also be calculated as the ratio of all current assets except stocks to short-term liabilities. The accounts receivable turnover ratio measures the speed of repayment of an organization’s receivables: how quickly it receives payment for the goods or services sold from its customers. It may be calculated as the ratio of net sales volume or sales volume on credit to the average for the period of the number of receivables. The mentioned ratio is measured in the number of times per period. As for the inventory turnover ratio, it demonstrates how many times a company used the average available stock balance in a given period. This ratio characterizes the quality of the reserves and the effectiveness of their management as well as allows specifying the remains of unused, obsolete, or substandard reserves. Another category of the ratios that may be discussed is solvency, namely, debt to equity ratio, debt service coverage ratio, and times interest earned ratio (Bodie, Kane, & Marcus, 2017). The first one can be identified as an indicator of the total liabilities to the total stockholders’ equity. It belongs to the group of the most important indicators of a company’s financial position, which includes similar in meaning coefficients of autonomy and financial dependence. The debt service coverage ratio refers to a net income from commercial real estate for a certain period to the amount of the cost of servicing the loan for the same period. A greater ratio characterizes a higher quality. The times interest earned ratio is
Fast and accurate decision making has become very important in today’s business world. It can make the difference between a successful enterprise and one that is heading toward failure. And here technology gives great help to the business industry. In order to be fast and accurate in today’s world there is need of the machines to do the work, especially calculations. To gain this understanding, in order to have a head start in front of the competition, companies need to collect and examine a huge quantity of data. The secret is turning this “mountains of data” into real competitive advantage. Seeing that humans are “too slow” in processing this data these companies are turning more and more to technology. No doubt that today’s machines are way faster in processing information than any human being. This helps cut the labor costs and increases the speed of collection and procession of the data. Due to these necessities there are several areas of study that are designed to help businesses in their decision making process. On one hand there is the development of specific hardware capacities designed “for business use”. On the other hand, there is much effort in creating the necessary software to help business fulfill its needs. Another part where both hardware, and especially, software technology is expanding in relation to business is the security necessities that business has. In today’s market businesses do not sell only in the real “physical” market place, but even in a virtual, on-line, one. Here is where security is needed and in protecting the “mountings of data” archives. The simple question to ask is why was born this relation between business and information technology? This maybe the extreme case, but the latest financial crisis demonstrated that in time decision making can make the “life to death” difference for a business. Nowadays, business decisions are taken on unprecedented scales in history. In today’s market multi-million business decisions are common. So, making faster decisions can give a head start and enables you to gain greater shares of the market. I will give now some practical examples how the hardware and the software section are developing in relation to the business world. Let’s start by the hardware sector first. In order to run the businesses today companies turn to the help of powerful computers, mostly workstations and servers. These machines need to have powerful processors and storage drives in order to archive the data and process them when necessary. Businesses need ever faster processors. Last week one of the leading corporation in hardware technology declared it is going to release a new chipset that is very powerful. The Wall Street Journal announced that: “Intel Corp. on Monday is rolling out one of its most important products in several years, the latest sign that development cycles run counter to business cycles at high-tech companies.” (“Intel Rolls Out Core i7 Chip”, par. 1) This is a chipset designed to provide very fa
Juvenile Offenders Within the framework of the current paper, juvenile offenders are reviewed based on a class-based theory (Marion & Oliver, 2012). The concept of this theory relies on the supposition that the majority of delinquencies are connected to the juvenile representatives of the lower societal class. This is supported by the idea that their poor performance at school serves as a trigger for delinquent behavior. Another reason to consider the class-based theory is the conflict between the classes which includes the difference in personal values (Marion & Oliver, 2012). What is also important, juvenile delinquency is often being contingent on the gang context. The teenagers develop a certain self-confidence context which majorly impacts their behavioral patterns. The issues connected to serious juvenile offenders are considered to be one of the most complex criminal justice system problems. This occurred due to the low effectiveness of juvenile detention and the overall increase in the number of juvenile offenders all over the country (Gaines, 2014). Nonetheless, the vanity of the existing approaches helped juvenile justice practitioners to find novel ways to deal with teenager delinquencies. The majority of the developed programs emphasize the importance of helping juvenile offenders to withdraw into the community properly right after their release. One of the most prevalent suppositions is the hypothesis concerning supervision (Siegel, 2015). This hypothesis is based on the idea that the approach will allow the government to decrease the recidivism rates among juvenile offenders. In perspective, this would guarantee the absence of overcrowded prisons and a tangible cut in the costs of juvenile detention. Currently, this hypothesis is believed to be one of the reasonable ways to deal with serious juvenile offenders. The issues with violent gangs should be decisively addressed, and some measures should be taken by the law enforcement agencies and juvenile courts. The joint efforts of these two parties should be aimed at reforming the current legal practice and developing effective strategies designed to disintegrate the gangs (Shoemaker, 2015). The latter poses a serious threat to society and should be tracked by police forces. The transfer of juveniles to the adult court is questionable. Considering the psychological background of juvenile delinquencies, one should take into account the nature of the offense first and then proceed to analyze it further. In other words, juvenile offenders may be tried in adult courts but only after several additional check-ups are completed. This step is necessary to minimize the chances of detaining juveniles who did not commit a cr