ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many regions of the world have felt the impact of globalization in one way or another especially in the twenty first century. Globalization can be defined as the process of or a set of global forces which encompasses a significant organization and reorganization of the various social relationships and engagements, and can be assessed in terms of their intensity, extents, rate of spread, and the resultant impact, which in turn lead to intercontinental or interregional connectivity, interrelationships, and the general power dispensation (Held 16). Globalization has been associated to a greater extent with western culture, especially that of the United States of America. It is one of the most significant forces that have played a central role in modeling the socio-economic orientation of several countries during the late 1970s and the past earlier years of the 21st century. It is acknowledged that despite the fact that the globalization process has hastened the rate of economic growth in third world countries, its forces have also contributed to a number of challenges. These include; non-uniform rate of economic growth, lack of taking into consideration the aspect of equality, as well as the likelihood of creating socio-political turmoil in these countries. Most states in the larger Asian continent like Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, China, Japan, and Thailand have not been an exception when it comes to the influence of globalization. This essay, therefore, seeks to discuss the effects of globalization in Malaysia. It will focus on the impact of globalization on its economy, education, culture, and politics. Malaysia, a Muslim country, is one of the fastest growing economies in Asia and the world at large. It is an island country found in the South-East Asia and is composed of thirteen different states, including three Federal Territories. The country occupies a surface area of about 329,845 square kilometers making it the 66th largest countr
The Introduction Getting entry and success in the Oman Market is a serious task successfully accomplished by the Nawras Company, which works in the area of mobile connection. The role of the HRM policy in this significant achievement is crucial, as this significant result gained by the company can be mainly considered as the achievement of its workers. Varied business theories, especially the theories of motivation can be applied in the case of the Nawras Company in a broad way. Generally, the role of the HRM policy in gaining entry and success in the Oman Market for the Nawras Company can be evaluated as critically important, as well as flexibility and creativity, which were also vital for gaining this market. The body General information about the company Speaking about the matters related to the operation of the Nawrwas Company and the HRM policy, in particular, the general information about the company should be considered. The Nawrwas Company is the mobile operator providing a variety of services, including the Internet connection and mobile connection (Nawras: Business Solutions par.43). The company entered the market of Oman in 2005, facing a row of difficulties in this country with unusual mentality and business approach by the local population (Omani Qatari Telecommunications Company 2010 par.83). According to Omani Qatari Telecommunications Company, Nawras is a leading provider of telecommunications services in Oman. Nawras’ vision is to enrich the lives of the people of Oman through better communication services, and its mission is to be the communications provider, and employer, of choice in Oman (par. 345). Business theories which can be applied in case of the Nawras Generally, one is to keep in mind that HRM policies can work, if they are used along with other business strategies. So, “cost reduction, quality enhancement and innovation, for an organization to gain and retain competitive advantage, could be obvious candidates” (Katou 2008 p. 122). It is also necessary to point out that business strategies impact on HRM policy. One can call this affirmation as hypothesis 1 or H1 . On the other hand, the impact of the policies on the employees’ attitudes and behaviors seems to be also direct. Thus, improved organizational performance is the result of the policy implementation. So, one can state that there is a direct interdependence between HRM policies and the outcomes. One can call this affirmation as hypothesis 2 or H2 . When speaking about International Business Theory, one is to keep in mind that external factors influence the success of the company. Nevertheless, performance appraisal, training and some other abilities influence the employees’ motivation to perform certain tasks. According to IBT, there are skilled and experienced employees, who contribute to the company’s success (Appelbaum et al., 2000). So, there is a certain interdependence between organizational performance and the policies human resource management is based on. One can call this affirmation as hypothesis 3 or H3 . Another interesting point, which is to be highlighted, is that there are no synergic relationship betwee
Introduction Marks and Spencer’s is a retailer that is British based and it has more than 760 stores globally. The company is seen as one of the most symbolic since it has widely recognized chain stores and it is also one of the largest clothing retailers in Britain. On the other hand Marks and Spencer’s is a multibillion-pound food retailer in Britain and most of its shops sell both clothing and food items. Similarly, the company has another line of business dealing with homewares such as furniture and another household item. The company is rapidly growing and increasing its profitability and this could be highly accredited to the strategic marketing techniques employed by the company in its domestic as well as international marketing (Barlon, 2006). How the organization develops its marketing strategy For Marks and Spencer’s company to develop its marketing strategies appropriately it first and foremost researches so that it can understand its market position in the industry before making any decisions on its prospects. Similarly, the company sets out its marketing objectives and the strategies that it will use to achieve its set objectives. This is then completed by carrying out a marketing audit of the company which will give a proper analysis on the following;  1. A very detailed analysis of the company identifying its strengths, weaknesses, threats, and also opportunities (Bell, 1980).  2. A detailed analysis of the company’s industry in which the company operates including the company’s competitors as well as the needs of the consumers. The marketing strategy of the Marks and Spencer’s company is the marketing logic by which the company hopes to highly achieve its set marketing objectives. Marks and Spencer’s develops its marketing strategies by adapting to several concepts first and foremost the organization devises the goals and objectives which are to be achieved by the marketing strategy. The organization thus devises its marketing mix in terms of its products, prices, promotion as well as the place or the distribution strategy (Bitner and Booms, 1981). Marks and Spencer’s product strategy First and foremost the company ensures that its products are offered to the customers and several issues are evaluated before the release of the product to the consumers. The company ensures that it fully understands its products from the views of its customers internationally. In the product description of the Marks and Spencer’s Company, the company can clearly state why their products are perfect for their international customers as well as what their products would do best as compared to the other products in the market. The company’s products are more descriptive and this helps in attracting more customers globally (Borden, 1978). On the other hand, the company pays a lot of attention to the functionalities, the features, and also the benefits of its products in its international arena. The company has strategies that allow it to properly position its product in the international markets. This i
Culture audit is an integral part of initiating and managing change in organizations. This implies that the well-being of an organization heavily relies on the existing culture. As a result, it is crucial for the leadership of an organization to devise and pursue cultural practices that are in tandem with the broad goals and objectives. In other words, any form of culture embraced and adopted by a firm should be able to sustain the vibrancy or satisfaction of employees. Needless to say, succession management demands an effective culture in place. Nonetheless, corporate culture is often hardly seen by persons practicing it. This brief essay assesses the culture of my workplace organization. I am an employee in a governmental hospital working as an ambulatory care pharmacist. Although this healthcare institution has been performing quite well over the years, there are still areas that need to be improved within its corporate culture (Buick, Blackman, O’Donnell, O’Flynn & West, 2015). For example, a number of barriers that impede patient wellness exist. To begin with, communication style at this healthcare facility is relatively effective. Grassroots conversations are highly valued by the leadership of the organization instead of one-way broadcasts from the senior management (Tabuena, 2013). In most instances, employees are often requested to voice their opinions on any aspect of change that is due to be executed by the organization. It is apparent that the organization has realized the importance of involving employees in the wider process of decision making. Decisions are made after thorough consensus even with the subordinate employees. Using the four-quadrant matrix for culture audit, it is evident that consensual decision making and effective communication have been long-term growth opportunities for this healthcare organization (Buick et al., 2015). In order to get work done, the organization has developed a long term culture of team work coupled with group collaboration. Although each department is mandated to perform its unique roles and responsibilities, it is vital to mention that departmental collaboration is a long-term practice that has existed in this organization. The management usually organizes for team-building exercises on a regular basis as part and parcel of boosting the morale of workers. However, the main long term threats to collaboration and team building include social loafing and lack of innovation. When employees are assigned tasks to complete as individuals, it is highly likely that they will be innovative and productive. Besides, individual assignments can be easily accounted for because only one person is responsible. Worse still, employees tend to emphasize more on methods rather than results when they work as teams or groups. The corporate culture of my workplace organization is also influenced or witnessed through the immediate environment. For example, the organizati
Introduction Implications of exercise and diet on aging constitute a critical are of research in adult development and aging. People engage in various activities like healthy eating and physical exercise in order to regulate the aging process. Studies have shown that many people regulate their diets and engage in physical exercise in order to reduce the levels of calories in their bodies (Marie & Thomas, 2013). Numerous theories explain the concept of healthy living and its implications on aging. People encounter different experiences and make varied choices that affect the vitality of their brains throughout their lives. In any individual, these experiences and choices affect their quality of life and the process of aging. The main reason for this phenomenon is that people are ignorant of effective and recommended practices that are good for their health. Many people believe that healthy living is losing weight, adhering to nutrition philosophies, and avoiding eating their favorite foods (Erickson, 2009). However, healthy living practices entail maintaining body fitness and vitality by eating foods that provide adequate energy to the body. In addition, it involves consuming foods that improve mood. According to nutritionists, people should improve their diet and exercise choices as early as possible in order to enjoy their benefits with regard to aging. These choices are easy to apply and have little or no side effects hence the reason why they are recommended for the aging population. Studies have shown that regular exercise is an elixir for healthy aging as long as it is happens within the recommended limits (McGraw, 2010). Healthy aging is an important topic among professionals and the lay people because studies have shown that old people suffer a lot from bad diet and lifestyle choices. Discussion People have developed various theories that explain the concept of aging. These theories have attempted to explain the main causes of aging as well as provide ways in which people can manage the effects of the process. One of the commonly discussed and applied theories is the genes vs. lifestyles theory (Beard, 2008). This theory presents two different perspectives about the concept of aging and enumerates ways in which people can deal with it. According to the theory, people should be less concerned about aging and its impacts. Aging is a predetermined process that depends on ones genes. The theory argues that an individual starts the aging process from the day they are born to the day they die. On the other hand, the theory also argues that one can slow down the aging process by making healthy lifestyle choices. Better nutrition and regular exercise helps people enjoy healthy aging experiences. Another theory that explains this concept is the “use it and lose it” theory (Beard, 2008). According to this theory, when something is overused without any maintenance there is a high possi
Macroeconomic variables are indicators of production and consumption volumes, income and expenses, activity, and efficiency of the global economical level. These are also indicators of the rank of the well-being of the population, exports and imports operations, the overall rate of economic growth, and other economic processes. Macroeconomic variables tend to reflect general trends in the economy, the following circumstances, and their current level. The main indicator of the system of the macroeconomy is the gross domestic product (GDP). It characterizes the value of final goods and services produced by residents of the country for a certain period, minus the costs of intermediate consumption. GDP is measured at market costs for final consumption at prices paid by the buyer, including all trade and transport margins and taxes on products. During an economic crisis or a lack of internal resources, this indicator can rapidly fluctuate and decline. If GDP increases, it means that more goods and services are produced in the country, the income and tax deductions of which can be included in the country’s income (Dvorský et al., 2020). If the GDP declines, this indicates the beginning of an economic crisis that negatively affects both: the target and business. Inflation is another economic indicator to track the level of a country. The process can begin for various reasons, including a shortage of goods on the market, monopoly of large firms, currency instability, and so on. Inflation has a huge impact on the economy and all types of financial instruments. Inflation is a steady rise in the general price level. However, this is the severe process of devaluation of paper money due to a violation of the laws of monetary circulation. Buyers have a limited ability to pay for purchases, and the business will suffer large losses from this. In addition, inflation also affects the purchase of raw materials, goods for sale, payment of employee salaries, and so on
The trade performance of Malaysia’s manufacturing good can be determined by its comparative advantage. Comparative advantage measures the cost of producing a particular product in country X against the similar product in country Y. Economists analyze the ratio of two trading countries as an indicator of its trade performance (Bowen & Pelzman 2008). Hence, Malaysia can have a comparative advantage when it produces fewer goods. According to trade analysts, comparative advantage measures a country living standard and revenue (Gangnes 2010). The factors that influence the comparative advantage of Malaysia’s manufacturing goods includes abundant resources, efficient communication, technology, low-cost of manufacturing goods and the pattern of demand (Bowen & Pelzman 2008). The presence of raw materials such as timber influences the production of cheap furniture for export. Communication is an important factor of production. Malaysia’s cheap labour influences the cost of production. Thus, the comparative advantage of a country can be affected by the factors mentioned above. Malaysia has abundant timber; hence the cost of producing wood products is low compared to China and Japan. Malaysia’s industrial policies remain open while maintaining the 21st position on the world export table (Wen 2005). The growth of its manufacturing goods remains steady because of its abundant resources and low-cost production. The revealed comparative advantage of Malaysia’s manufacturing goods exceeds Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines (Viilman 2009). The increase in the production of E&E accounts for the increase in the economy. The steady growth of Malaysia’s Exports is influenced by its international presences and trade performance. Malaysia export performance of E&E products increased by 104%. Malaysia’s export value grew by 37.5%. The result indicates Malaysia’s trade performance against the US, China and Singapore. Malaysia’s E&E trade performance surpassed Thailand, Singapore and the US (Shapira 2011).
Standards of nursing care are the basic rules every single nurse should follow. These standards are established in the form of strict procedures a nurse should act on in her professional capacity. The main goal of these standards is to evaluate a nurse’s performance, intelligence, and professionalism. A nurse is a representative of a nursing house, where there are particular protocols of behavioral patterns referring to nursing consistency and competence. The development of these standards has required a lot of time and effort to establish trustworthy nursing guidelines to manifest in nursing practice. The California Board of Registered Nursing (BRN) assesses a nurse’s performance in their practice regarding the fulfillment of patients’ needs, patients’ protection, and care offered. According to California Licensing Defense, “if a nurse does not meet the accepted standard of care, he or she may be found to have deviated from the standard of care” ( Nursing Standards of Care Issues, n.d.). Their unprofessional behavior might be treated as negligent and harmful. The development of these standards has made them divided into two groups, such as standards of practice and standards for professional performance. The standards of practice are aligned with the nursing policy and detecting NPD practitioners’ working field. The standards for professional performance are aligned with the interaction of nurses with the standards of practice. The NPA (Nursing Practice Act) is the institute of California law that obliges The Board to implement the Scope of Practice and liabilities for RNs (registered nurses). In 2014 Nursing Professional development: Scope and Standards of Practice was revised and refined, such a facility as the National Nursing Staff Development Organization was included. Besides, in California, the NPA operates nursing that monitors any possible nurses’ practice standard violations. In case registered nurses perform their duties in a negligible way, they might be reprimanded and have disciplinary action. Reference Nursing Standards of Care Issues . (n.d.). California Licensing Defense. Web.
Introduction Campuses of educational institutions traditionally occupy broad territories and include many facilities necessary for student’s life and studies. Although campus safety is one of the primary concerns of college or university administrations, there are still significant risks and possible accidents that threaten the safety of the campus and its inhabitants. Thus, the majority of colleges and universities throughout the United States work on developing policies, implementing programs, and creating systems to shorten the risks and preserve security and safety at campuses (Kapucu and Khosa 1). Still, incidents involving the use of weapons or sexual violence are frequent (Kampmark). This research will investigate the existing risks and possible accidents that can be found at campuses thus providing an opportunity to develop strategies for their reduction and prevention. Problem Statement The problem of safety is burning for college and university campuses. Risks and accidents can be different. The most general group of incidents and risks include environmental hazards. They depend on the region and can rarely be avoided. The major focus of this type of incident is the mitigation of its negative outcomes because preventive measures that can be accomplished within a campus are not likely to be effective. Another group of risks and accidents that is more dangerous than environmental ones are those involving a human factor. Gilroy (45) defines guns, hazing, and cyberbullying as the main issues that happen at campuses. The researcher mentions the cases of fatal shootings that became frequent at campuses of educational institutions as the primary safety concern. Moreover, it implies a legal issue that makes worried not only college or university administrations, but society as a whole. Another issue that involves both legal and ethical concerns is cyberbullying (Gilroy 45). Kamali (43) also investigates the issue of cyberbullying in higher education and concludes that one of its causes is the misuse of information systems. Budd et al. (2) present the concept of sexual assault as another frequent problem at college and university campuses. While there are not much relevant data for analysis because reports on campus sexual assault are mainly self-provided, the researchers use prior research findings to investigate the problem and determine the peculiarities of male and female victimization. The authors mention such a risk factor that increases the incidence of sexual assault at college campuses as alcohol consumption (Budd et al. 3). Moreover, they revealed the fact that 77% of rapes at college campuses involve alcohol intoxication compared to 37% of sexual assaults involving alcohol consumption among the general population (K