ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Risk factors that are associated with cardiovascular diseases and that can be modified or addressed in order to prevent the development of severe conditions are the tobacco use, the physical inactivity, and the unhealthy diet that can lead to changes in the levels of cholesterol and obesity (Berry, Dyer, Cai, Garside, & Ning, 2012). These three factors should be discussed in detail in order to identify what aspects can be addressed in order to reduce the probability of the cardiovascular disease’s development as the part of the primary prevention, as well as to improve the patient’s state when the disease has started to develop. Tobacco use is discussed as one of the risk factors that usually provoke cardiovascular diseases because the nicotine causes the increase in the blood pressure, and blood vessels become damaged. In addition, the level of oxygen in the blood decreases significantly as a result of smoking, and the risk of developing clots in vessels also increases. Similar negative consequences of the tobacco use for the health of the heart and vessels are also associated with second-hand smoking (Moyer, 2012). Physical inactivity is also a cause of cardiovascular diseases since it leads to hypertension and the development of clots in the arteries. When persons are physically inactive during weeks and even months, the blood is oxygenated poorly, and this fact is connected with the additional pressure on the heart (Berry et al., 2012). The other factor that can provoke heart disease is the unhealthy diet. If the person’s diet includes a lot of fats, salt, and sugar, the level of cholesterol contributing to the development of clots increases. Moreover, the high levels of sugar and salt in the food are also associated with the high blood pressure (Estruch, Ros, Salas-Salvado, Covas, & Corella, 2013). Finally, such diet can lead to the obesity that is one of the primary causes of the cardiovascular diseases’ development. While proposing an educational plan that is associated with the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to formulate steps that address such factor as the unhealthy diet. The patient should be informed that the levels of consumed fats, sugar, and salt should decrease depending on the age. Moreover, the alcohol consumption is also prohibited as it contributes to increasing blood pressure (Estruch et al., 2013). All these aspects need to be reflected in the plan of the healthy lifestyle for the patient. The complex approach to addressing the risk factor means that the modified diet should be developed according to the patient’s needs. It is important to calculate the daily norm of calories for the patient, depending on his activities, and focus on the consumption of products with the high nutritional value (Estruch et al., 2013). The patient should learn that the consumption of green vegetables, grains, fruits, fis
Introduction This is an evaluation essay focusing on the profile of the Public Service Alliance of Canada, which is graded as the largest union in the Canadian Federal Public Sector. According to the definition by PSAC local 555, PSAC is defined as the larger entity of the Public Service Alliance of Canada and is locally interpreted as a Directly Chartered Local (DCL) (Griffith, 2012). Her membership spans to every province and territory in Canada. Members work in a wide range of embassies and consulates. It was established in 1966 through successful amalgamation of various associations and its members include both the public servants and the private industry workers. Some of them work as officers in fisheries, immigration, customs, and food inspectors among other professions. They work for the federal government and a large number of them are in the private sector. PSAC’s representation also includes the members of the workers unions in Northern Canada and other municipalities. In May 2012, Robyn Benson who was the Regional Executive Vice President for PSAC representing Prairie region was elected the National President of the Public Servants Alliance of Canada following the retirement of John Gordon. Their main office location is the city of Ottawa, Ontario in Canada with the modern architecture (PSAC, 2012). PSAC committee is composed of various sub committees including the committee on equal opportunities, which is the standing committee of the National Board of Directors. In the national committee, there are representatives from the NBoD component and others from the equity group. Members of each equity group elect the PSAC equity representative and gender representation from each group to represent them at the National Conference (Camire & Lumineu, 2008). The structure of the executive committee and that of the elected executive committee vary. The executive committee consists of one president, two vice-presidents, one recording secretary, one treasurer and two stewards, while the elected executive committee members include one president, two vice presidents, one treasurer, one secretary and two chief stewards (Griffith, 2012). History The Public Service Alliance of Canada was formed in 1966 and has had a long history of victories, many of which went to the Supreme Court. They have managed to gain many benefits for public workers, which have also positively spilled over, to private industry workers throughout Canada. These are the highlights of their 46-year history: 1966 : The Public Service Alliance of Canada is formed “through the amalgamation of the Civil Service Federation, the Civil Service Association of Canada and 14 national affiliates with a membership of 110,000” (Public Service Alliance of Canada , 2008, p.77). 1968 : “First collective agreements are signed under the Public Service Staff Relations Act” (Public Service Alliance of Canada , 2008, p.77). 1971: “The first
Introduction The chapter on reconciliation is the last in Benazir Bhutto’s book, Reconciliation; Islam Democracy and the West. It is a chapter that draws attention to two conflicts. One is the internal conflict in Islam, and features extremists versus moderates, while the other is the external conflict between Islam and the West. This chapter diagnoses the sources of the current divisions, both within Islam and without, and provides practical solutions that will bear reconciliation (Bhutto 278). Discussion According to the writer, the current internal clash that exists in the Muslim world is as a result of the varying interpretations of the teachings of the Quran with modernity. The place for ancient Islamic teachings is lost or misinterpreted by today’s Muslims. Extremists are for the full implementation of the literature, as it is without modification or set into today’s society, while the moderates argue that there is a need to review some of the teachings to blend with the modern world. They are of the view that Islam and its teachings lack relevance today if interpreted as it is. Vocal scholars and reformists suggest the use of rationality to reapply the teachings of the holy book, rewriting their understanding of the Quran and their view of modern scientific advancements (Bhutto 283). Science and globalization have greatly affected religion in the modern world, because many scholars in different fields have come out to oppose some of the religious teachings, by trying to prove them wrong through the use of science. This has made many people to be brainwashed, hence starting to have little faith with religion. This scientific revolution has affected many religions, including Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism among other world religions. To counter this, many religious leaders have come out very strongly to oppose these advances of science, by arguing that they are just aimed at distorting the strong religious foundation that has been in existence for a very long time. On the other hand, the external conflict between Islam and the West has been fuelled by the widening gap between the values and teachings of the West and those of ancient Islam. There is also perceive
The characterization of variation in the human genome has begun to pay dividends. These are mainly being delivered through genome wide association studies (GWAS). Since early 2001, variation at nearly 100 regions of the genome have been associated with an increased risk for diseases with a complex genetic background.Such as diabetes, inflammatory bower disease, cancer and heart disease. The latest installment in the GWAS story deals with lung cancer. It identified variation in the same region of the long arm of chromosome15 (15q24/15q25.1) as the top hit for genomic association with lung cancer. Among the genes in this region are those that encode subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which have an affinity for nicotine. The genetic variation analyzed was in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s). These studies provide strong evidence for an association between SNP variation at 15q24/15q25.1 and lung cancer. But differ on whether the connection is direct or mediated via smoking behavior. Precious studies had identified the genes encoding sub units of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as strongly associated with smoking behavior. Thorgeirsson et al report an association of SNP variation at 15q24/15q25.1 with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and a nicotine- dependence scale. They suggest that the link with lung cancer is primarily mediated through nicotine dependence and thus provides a case study of a gene- environment correlation in the pathogenesis of disease. Hungetal and Amos et al examined SNP variation in patients with lung cancer and control subjects and reach the conclusion that the association is primarily with lung cancer and not with smoking. In these kinds of studies researchers distinguish between ‘eversmokers’ and never smoker. Amos and colleagues describe the evidence for the association of their ‘lead’ SNP’s with smoking behavior (among ever smokers) as weak. Hung et al examined the relation between the lead SNP’s and smoking behavior and thus suggest that the genetic association in their study is unlikely to be due to confounding effects of smoking behavior. The two studies that also examined never smokers reached different conclusions, Hung et al conclude that there is an association with the risk SNP’s while Amos et al. conclude that there is no such association. These are the first GWAS to attempt to identify the genetic component of a disease that has such an overwhelming strong environmental cause. They signal the need for greater methodological rigour in attempt to account for both the genetic and the environmental cause that we think underlie most diseases. As GWAS have become available, the importance of large sample sizes to detect modest effects has become apparent. Much GWAS research has tended to be retrospective and thus this information could be biased; the requirements for public access to individuals data maybe suppressing the availability of potentially high quality data sets because of limitation in obtaining informed consent. These studies demonstrate importance of balancing the undeniable need for quantity in GWAS with the need for quality of ancillary data. The next round of
Is there a life after death? This is more of a theological question rather than scientific. Moreover, it is a known question that is inherent in almost all cultures. The answer to the question depends on one’s faith, beliefs, or practices. However, the premise that there is life after death has been inculcated into our way of life by our religious attachments such that we tend to believe that it is true. The answer to this question is no. There is no life after death. There is a clear cut line between life and death. One needs faith, just as our religions teach us, to believe that there is life after death. That is the element of faith must be present for one to believe in life after death. However, looking at the evidence proving that there is life after death, the amount of faith one needs to believe in life after death substantially diminishes. To begin with, there is scientific evidence showing that once a person is dead there is any other form of life. People are like any other living organism. The question is what makes the human species so special that they have a life after death? All living organisms die and ensure ecological continuation. Biologically, the physical and chemical processes that make a living cell once dead cannot be reversed Secondly, religious practices arguments that there is life after death through incarnations, or spiritual beings are rather meager ways through which death can be explained or encouragements in life. It is impossible for a human being to be born in form of a cow. Also, there is no way the human species can exist in a non-physical form. The belief in life after death was initiated when the human species was still in its primitive form when life and numerous environmental processes could abstractly be explained. In any way, there is no life after death.
Description of the study The study by Abdelaziz Bouroumi and Rkia Fajr is devoted to the usage of online technologies in studies, particularly, the collaborative and cooperative learning. The study involved two groups of students (24 and 23) who took a course of algorithms and programming and had the permanent access to the online version of this course hosted by Moodle (Bouroumi and Fajr 67). The three-part course was meant for a full semester and was aimed, among other activities, at collaborative learning. The opportunities of the platform were explained to students in face-to-face sessions. The results of the various forms of activities were expressed in the numerical form and compared to the previous performance of students in the non-Moodle course. The feedback from the students was collected on every stage of the study. What makes it a case study? The study is a case study since it is devoted to a consistent, long-term, and thorough investigation of the particular case. The data included students’ feedback, which is characteristic of qualitative studies; the results were interpreted in the context of the study. The comparisons and numerical expression of the results, while not exactly characteristic of qualitative research, can be used in a case study; in this situation, both measures were necessary to make the results more understandable and reliable (Maxwell 244-245). What can we learn from their results? The results of the study demonstrate that e-learning appears to increase students’ engagement, initiative, and communication, all of which has a positive impact on their learning outcomes (that includes writing and communication skills), and even serves to increase their self-esteem. The online chats were not very popular, but students commented positively on the option. Quiz tools proved to be useful for teachers as well as students; they also provided evidence to the fact that e-learning students perform better. The effectiveness of collaboration also increased which was demonstrated by the students’ project performance. The results of the study clearly indicate that the opportunities of e-learning should be used by modern tutors and students. What are the potential strengths and weaknesses of this study? The major strength of the study is the highly contemporary and much-needed topic: the opportunities offered by modern technologies but underused in practice. The applicability of the study is another strength along with the format of a case study and the consequent all-encompassing analysis of the project. The comparison of the results to the performance of pre-Moodle students makes the outcomes more tangible and assessable. The primary weakness of the paper is the sudden discrepancy in the test results (the mid-term failure). While the authors found the explanation for the problem, other explanations could be suggested as well. Another problem is
“Poker” is a play that was written around the 1930s. The Play was written by Hurston an African American woman and a trained anthropologist. Around the time she wrote the play, she was living in a town near New York. The play is set in a shotgun house in New York. It revolves around a group of men who are playing poker. The play opens with Nunkie playing the piano. He is then called over by Tush to join in the poker game. Nunkie seems to be the most outspoken of them all and dominates most of the conversation. At one time, he likens a succession of cards to events in his life. When the men are playing cards, Aunt Dilsey enters the room and takes a moment to express her disapproval of the poker game. She then tells the men that if they do not stop it, they will all go to hell for it (Hurston 1). While she is speaking, the men are pulling out aces they have hidden in their sleeves. Hell breaks loose when Sack turns up four aces and a king and claims to have won the game. Several of them turn up other aces of their own and it then becomes clear that this has not been a fair game. The commotion ends up in a shooting that wakes up Aunt Dilsey. After witnessing the bloodshed, she laments that they did not listen to her. This play is reflective of the cultural context of the time in many ways. During the time this play was authored, America was going through the great depression. This was a time when money was hard to get. This is probably why almost all these men were prepared to do anything for money. Even though the poker game was supposed to be a simple affair, several men came with hidden aces just so they can outsmart their counterparts. They do this without any emotional difficulty as portrayed by their normal conversation. During the time of the great depression, many Americans could barely afford food (Goldston 5). Any extra dollar earned was a welcome relief. These men were not leaving this eventuality to mere luck. This is why they all come prepared not to lose any of their hard-earned cash. The play was most likely set in Harlem New York. This neighborhood was predominantly an African American neighborhood at the time. It was also a crime hub and that is why most of these men carried concealed weapons. The weapons are for either protection or perpetration of crime. Nunkie implies in his conversation that his pretty Mama wants to cut his throat (Hurston 1). This further indicates that violence is a common occurrence in this neighborhood. Even to date, Harlem New York still has high instances of crime and violence. The portrayal of men in this play is undoubtedly negative. The author of this play was a woman born in 1891. By the 1930s, the tensions between men and women had taken several dimensions. First, women used to be paid lower wages than men were, and for the same amount of work (DuBois 26). In addition, the society was largely dominated by men with women having little to no say when it came to family affairs. Finally, during this civil
Introduction Marketing is an important organisational function that aims at informing potential consumers about the value of products and services. Strategic marketing requires the application of a successive marketing mix, which results in excellent sales of products of a business establishment (Kotler 2011; Menkveld 2013). Improved product sales correlate positively with improved financial performance outcomes of companies. The marketing mix is a marketing approach that seeks to promote the sales of products based on key elements like segmentation, positioning and targeting (Kotler 2011). This paper discusses the theoretical frameworks and practical applications of segmentation, positioning and targeting in the context of a marketing mix designed for products in the fashion for women industry. Segmentation From a theoretical standpoint, segmentation is a marketing strategy that focuses on dividing product markets on the premises of some attributes associated with targeted customers (Weinstein 2013). Such customers should have common priorities. In theory, market segmentation could adopt product differentiation or holistic approaches that aim at improving consumer knowledge about products or services of a business organisation (Weinstein 2013). In order for the market to be divided based on consumer attributes, marketers should analyse essential data that could be used to give facts in the context of the targeted markets. The segmentation theory holds that a good market should be:   * Measurable.   * Large.   * Supportive with regard to promotion and distribution of products   * Homogenous with regard to internal characteristics, which imply that customers in specific market segments should have similar behaviours towards products.   * Characterised by external heterogeneity that implies that consumers outside a segment should have different customer needs. Practical applications of the segmentation model would involve dividing the targeted market based on a number of factors (Weinstein 2013). First, the women’s fashion industry would be divided on the premises of geographic criteria (Fiore, Lee & Kunz 2004). The criteria could involve regions, countries and postal codes, among others. An excellent segmentation should be practically utilised to identify the attributes of customers based on their locations (Fiore et al 2004). Second, it would be important to divide the market on the premises of the ages, ethnicities and levels of income. Research shows that customers