ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
APARA’s mission Since December 1998 when it was founded, the American Pan-African Relief Agencies (APARA) have provided food, medical supplies, and financial support to the underprivileged population of the Pan-African region, the most impoverished continent in the world. Through its programs focusing on support of AIDS orphans and other vulnerable children in Africa, economical empowerment, and supply of relief materials, APARA assisted the disadvantaged population is facing the challenges of poverty, diseases, and famine. By providing financial aid and distributing the supplies to save lives and meet the emergency needs of the population, APARA brings help, hope, and light to African families and communities. The generous donations from the general public, foundations, and government organizations were valuable for launching the programs and pursuing the noble goals of this non-profit organization. To continue its mission, launch new programs and provide more services to those in need, APARA still needs the financial support of the public and corporations. Every small donation is appreciated because the scope of the challenges faced by Africans is overwhelming and only by uniting our efforts, we would be able to bring help and hope to those who extremely need it. AIDS orphans in Africa The rates of natural disasters, diseases, poverty, and hunger as the main challenges faced by Africans are tremendous. Whereas natural disasters resulting in injuries, loss of life, and property along with wars and epidemics of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria are common for different corners of the world, the prevalence of diseases in Africa is tremendous and the scope of tragedies resulting from natural disasters is overwhelming. Africa is more heavily affected by the epidemics of HIV and AIDS than any other region. According to the statistical report of 2009, the number of people living with HIV in the world was estimated at 34 million people with the rates in Africa reaching 23 million people, including 2.3 million children (“Sub-Saharan Africa HIV & AIDS Statistics”). In 2009, during only one year, about 1.3 million Africans died from AIDS. About 16 million children have been orphaned because at least one of their p
Excellence in nursing is owed to the availability of infrastructure that has enhanced the nursing fraternity. This excellence has also been aided by the favorable working conditions that are provided to the nurses to enable them to provide satisfactory services. In fact, without excellence in nursing, it would be difficult for healthcare providers to achieve their mission. According to Kirkley, Johnson, and Anderson (2004), four approaches have been used in achieving excellence in nursing, and they are: practice, career advancement, research, and education. In this case, the mentioned approaches are explained as examples of excellence attributed to VA hospital in the outpatient department of home mental health. Practice excellence is manifested through the introduction of new improvements. In addition, new delivery strategies have been put in place at VA hospital as an indicator of excellence in nursing. The service that is provided in nursing is based on the evidence of practice, which aims at analyzing how nurses relate with their patients. Career development in nursing has been exercised through the introduction of certifications that are issued by oversight boards. These certifications are issued to nursing institutions that offer high quality services that meet international standards. Career development is a very demanding approach because it is broad. The other contribution to excellence in nursing is perceived to be the registration of nurses from VA hospital with professional organizations such as National League for Nursing. Education is also used to enhance excellence in nursing because it is the only sure way of maintaining the excellence that has been achieved. At times, nurses are chosen at random and sponsored to go through training programs that are meant to keep them updated about the emerging trends in nursing. Besides, VA hospital has integrated scholars in nursing institutions to help in carrying out research that is meant to come up with better approaches of achieving excellence in nursing. Malloch and Porter-O’Grady (2009) argue that most of the initiatives towards excellence in nursing have been made possible through the availability of money provided by the US federal government to the healthcare department. Without reliable source of money, the mentioned initiatives would not have been possible. Of all the approaches, board certification is the most preferred strategy in the US because it is easily integrated with the other approaches, including education, practice, and career advancement. This is because through the board certifications, nurses get better pay thus advancing in career. Moreover, certification amounts to education because the nurses have to go through training programs before being awarded the certification. Additionally, the excellence that has been achieved in nursing is owed to the integration of information technology in the VA hospital. This means that information technology has been incorporated with nursing practice which has helped in improving the performance of nurses. Information Tech
Introduction Marketing serves more purposes than the promotion of the product over competing offerings from other companies. It can introduce radically new ideas and popularize them, changing the lives of people in the process. As such, a significant part of marketing is understanding the contemporary strategies and evaluating their success. In particular, the modern viral marketing approaches deserve considerable attention, as they offer substantial returns, but come with corresponding risks. Main body Viral marketing is mostly related to social networks and other mediums where information can quickly spread via word of mouth. According to Botha et al. (2018), the latter is central to such strategies, as they rely on consumer response for exponential popularity growth with the disadvantage that negative news spread with similar speed, if not faster. Nevertheless, traditional marketing remains a potent and necessary tool, and according to Todor (2016), companies should attempt to mix the two approaches. The effectiveness of each method should be evaluated based primarily on its profit factor (Milichovsky & Simberova, 2015), and the overall strategy should be adjusted based on the results. As different firms work with varying customer categories and offer unique products, one approach cannot be effective in every case. Conclusion Marketing that is aimed at engaging in convincing the customers directly is essential to the introduction of new products. Modern developments such as social networks provide an excellent platform for such activities, as satisfied customers can virally propagate the information. However, traditional marketing remains a valuable tool, especially when it comes to reaching less Internet-savvy audiences. The proportions of the two approaches in a company’s overall strategy should be determined through practical examinations, which should primarily evaluate the profit factor.
Executive Summary This paper primarily delves into the topic of CSR implementation in BMW and GM and the inherent differences between the two. When it came to implementing CSR on an operational level such as in its outsourced manufacturing plants or in its corporate decision making capabilities, there was evidence of a distinct lack of CSR on the part of GM. BMW on the other hand did suffer from some of the same setbacks but did have considerably better CSR integration as evidenced by its factories which had better conditions for its workers and were less susceptible to environmental degradation. Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be described as the process wherein corporations incorporate ethical methods of operation, aside from their profit oriented structure, into their business model. This process involves the addition of ethical business practices, contributing towards community and social development as well as taking a long term stance towards helping members of the local community that a company finds its operations in (Homburg, Stierl & Bornemann 2013). Graphic 1 Brief Information about General Motors and BMW GM (General Motors) and BMW are two of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world and have been noted as being two of the most highly regarded companies when it comes to CSR practices. GM established the GM Foundation that contributes millions of dollars a year in reforestation efforts as well as in educating children in economically disadvantaged communities. BMW on the other hand is tied in the number one spot for CSR Company of the year for 2013 with other companies such as Disney, GE, etc. Both companies have been noted as having stellar CSR programs in place when it comes to assisting a variety of communities. In the case of GM and BMW, this manifests in acutely similar methods of CSR implementation. For instance, GM and BMW both implement a culture of open communication and ethical treatment of employees from both a factory level to those belonging to members of upper management. This manifests itself in some of the best health insurance policies money can buy, maternity leave benefits, continuing education benefits (i.e. paying for the employee’s education) as well as benefits related to creating a business environment that is ethically oriented via corporate social responsibility directives and internal HR personnel whose jobs focus on ensuring the development of ethical behaviours within the company. The end result is that employees within GM and BMW are treated equally and fairly resulting in the creation of an ethical work environment that facilitates moral decision making within the company (Glavas & Kelley 2014). Based on an evaluation of the current production infrastructure of GM and BMW, it was determine that the framework for analysis will focus on the Triple Bottom Line and the category “Caterpillars” which defines a corporations activity as being relatively local on its impacts, single minded, ultimately unsustainable, capable of change, already operate in sector where others have evolved. This particular framework was based on an examination
As defined in Ethics, morality is a concept that describes a rule of acceptable code of behavior in any given society. Taking a philosophical point of view, a heated debate on how morality is linked to self-interest has been sustained for years end. The big question has revolved on whether it is in one’s self-interest to act in a morally good way, or does being moral require one to act in ways that are contrary to their self-interest? As a matter of fact, self-interest stands out as a driving force behind most actions undertaken by humanity. On the other hand, morality demands that one stick to some specific code of conduct regardless of whether it contradicts their self-interest. This forms one of the paradoxes that have characterized this debate. The discussion that follows seeks to analyze this argument based on the views presented by some of the great philosophers of all times (Goodman 117). According to Aristotle, an advocate of virtue, morality, and self-interest go hand in hand. However, his belief is largely attributed to his perception of morality. Aristotle asserts that a moral action is an act that is driven by virtue. When a virtuous person acts in a virtuous manner, their action can be described to be in accordance with morality. At this instance, the question that emerges is how one can tell that one is virtuous. Virtue Ethics answers this quiz by alluding to the school of thought that being virtuous is simply adhering to the lifestyle of a virtuous person- who acts in accordance with their self-interest. Furthermore, Virtue Ethics in which Aristotle alludes to, has two distinct levels of self-interest. The first level is the first-order desires that are short-term in nature, whereas the second is the second-order desires that tend to be long-term. The Virtue Ethicists argue in favor of the second-order desire that constitutes what is morally upright. Therefore, in conclusion, morality and self-interest, based on the argument presented by Aristotle, are concepts that are inseparable. By following one long-term self-interest that is clearly defined, one is said to be acting morally upright. Morality has been an issue that many societies globally have been trying to contend with. Generally, it is a term that is used to describe the code of acceptable behaviors in a given context or society. On the other hand, the moral minimum is a word that goes hand in hand with morality, and this basically sets a standard or rather a principle by which the members of a society have to adhere to so that they may be considered to be operating within the limits of proper moral conduct. The advent of civilization has given room to various forms that moral minima can be derived from. As such, morality has become an issue that is interpreted in different ways depending on the angle at which one looks or evaluates it. Therefore, this has given rise to at least three areas where moralit
Thesis Global warming is the increase in the earth’s atmospheric temperatures due to a corresponding increase in the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), for example carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and chlorofluorocarbons, which creates a ‘greenhouse’ effect: the retention of solar energy in the atmosphere due to the prevention of its escape by the ‘ceiling’ created by GHGs (Climate Research Board, 78). The increase of the temperatures is one of the major causes of climate change. This can be observed by the high frequency by which heat waves occur; rainfall quantities have become more intense; and an increase in the intensity of severe climate incidents. This paper seeks to illustrate how human activities like the burning of large capacities of fossil energy have caused an increase in the GHGs that subsequently accelerate the negative effects to the environment and consequently the health of the earth’s flora and fauna (Climate Research Board, 99). Causes of global warming An increase in the emission of GHGs is the main cause of global warming; this paper will discuss how specific gases contribute to the total effect and which natural phenomena and human activities produce these gases. This paper will discuss the major GHGs and aerosols:   * Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )   * Methane (CH 4 )   * Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)   * Aerosols Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) The burning of coal and oil are the major producers of carbon dioxide emissions. The United States is one of the major emitters of carbon dioxide. This is due to the use of power plants that burn coal to produce energy. The United States emitted 24 percent of the total carbon dioxide emissions in 1998. Emerging nations like China and India are also increasingly emitting more carbon dioxide due to the use of coal. Methane (CH 4 ) Methane emission sources include seepages from pipelines used to transport natural gas, the burning of biomass, seepages from the processes of mining f
It goes without saying that any multinational company faces a set of challenges in the local and international market in the course of time; the only ability to meet those challenges in a constructive way that would benefit the company performance in the short and long run is to do that strategically. The company management has to assess the current position in the market and think of wiser ways to utilize resources and costs, as well as the opportunities for the future expansion. Hence, the grand strategies designed within the company top’ executives may help not only to retain the competitive position of the company, but to enhance it and to gain the competitive advantage in the strategically essential market areas. However, before responding to the needs of global management and international expansion, one should evidently take a proper case of securing the company’s position in the local market, since it represents the sound basis for further development. In case it is weak, the company is unlikely to achieve further success. This fact is also supported by the opinions of Bartlett, Ghoshal and Beamish (2008): “By responding to country level heterogeneity through local adaptation of products, services, and processes, a company can reap benefits in three fundamental areas: market share, price realization, and competitive position” (Bartlett, Ghoshal, & Beamish, 2008, p. 81). The strategic need of taking care about the local capacity is also evident from the simulation outcomes: as soon as the Oz! Сompany faced intense competition from the side of cheap Asian toys, and the increasing consolidation of toy industry at the domestic market, the administration decided not to strive for global dominance, but to consolidate its equity and retain its competitive position in the Quadrant I of the Competitive Position Matrix: strong competitive position under the conditions of rapid market growth (Developing Grand Strategies, 2010). Another strategy chosen by Oz! in response to the growing consumption through online stores launched by the Banzai America company may be called a grand strategy: it helped the company regain its strong competitive position in the market (Developing Grand Strategies, 2010). By means of acquiring the online shop and focusing on a new category of goods in which the customers showed their agile interest the Oz! company achieved the following goal: it provided coordinated services to global consumers (Bartlett, Ghoshal, & Beamish, 2008). In addition, the company managed to respond to the evolving needs of the community that include raising volumes of online shopping, which helped Oz! obtain a serious share of the online toy shop market. Finally, the strategy adopted by Oz! in the situation of an ethical dilemma about the Buggs toy turned out highly successful because of the deep insight into the potential financial impact of the problem. The company administration decided to sell off a part of chain assets and to continue to focus on the current product lines without pursuing the attempts to enter the market of other toy categories. This strategy allowed Oz! to generate liquidity and to face the crisis with more flex
Introduction Whenever the name Afghanistan comes up in a news item, print or electronic, stories of war always follow with notoriety. Audiences across the world normally brace themselves for news of suicide bombings, shootings, and drone attacks. The intensity and duration of the war in Afghanistan has made people all over the world accustomed to the attendant carnage (Goodson, 2001). Should this be so? The aim of this paper is to look into the contextual issues surrounding the war in Afghanistan. By looking at these issues, it will be possible to uncover the critical issues that have caused Afghanistan to remain in a state of perpetual war since time immemorial. Is there any justification for the current war playing out in Afghanistan? What historical factors caused its outbreak and what contemporary issues fuel its perpetuation? This war remains a very significant contemporary issue that warrants a critical examination. Description of the War in Afghanistan The Parties To The War War is a complex enterprise. Wherever there is a war, there is always an intricate web of interests. Wars bring together parties whose conflicts surpass the threshold for resolution leading to the picking up of arms in order to inflict pain and to suppress the will of opponents (Gagliardi & Tzu, 2005). The war in Afghanistan is not an exception. In fact, it is a contemporary case study in just how intricate the webs of interest fuel war. All wars require a trigger. The trigger is not normally the real reason for the war, but the last thread of restraint. The trigger for the current war in Afghanistan was the September 11 attacks in the United States in the year 2001. This attack, blamed on the Al Qaeda terror network, invited the wrath of the United States and soon opened up Afghanistan to a full-scale war (Fiscus, 2004). The United States rallied other NATO countries to fight the Taliban regime, which played host to Osama Bin Laden who was the Al Qaeda leader. This was not the first time the United States had a significant role to play in the historical wars in Afghanistan. During the cold war, United States operatives were deeply involved in the prevailing w
The greatest problem that has adverse effects on service delivery at Queens Hospital is lack of properly trained staff. In the smoking cessation department, the employees and volunteers have not undergone the necessary training especially with regards to handling special cases such as mentally disturbed clients. They therefore tend to work with the assumption that all clients are of sound mind, and overlooking the possibility of having clients who have fallen into the smoking addiction as an escape from other distressful situations (Green, 1998). Lack of proper training and education comes in many ways including hiring non qualified staff and cutting costs in the training department which limits the number of staff who are trained. This has a negative effect on service delivery to clients since they are not able to receive quality services in a professional way. Lack of professionalism is exhibited in different ways such as not maintaining confidentiality with regards to client information. This means that most of the times information on the clients is leaked out hence killing the confidence of the clients towards the organization. As a result, most people are not comfortable giving out personal information and this is usually mandatory in such agencies where they offer rehabilitation services. Without such information it becomes difficult to provide the necessary help to the clients and this implies ineffectiveness. The key players and stakeholder in the organization The key players in this organization include the social workers, the management of Mount Sinai school of medicine and Queens Health center management. These three players are required to work hand in hand with each other to ensure the success of the smoking cessation program. The responsibility of the social workers is to do the ground job which includes reaching out to the community and bringing the program to their attention. As a result of this, smoking addicts in the community will learn of our existence and they will enroll to the program (Green, 1998). Social workers are also the ones who facilitate the programs and do follow ups on clients who have already completed. They therefore work with the clients directly and hence determine whether the clients will leave satisfied and recommend others to the program or whether they will have a bad experience hence discourage other people from joining. Queens Hospital center management on the other hand provides the facilities required by the social workers to conduct these activities. They provide financial support and besides that they also offer medical services when required to do so. Some patients for example suffer distress as a result of the withdrawal syndrome and hence require further medical attention. Mount Sinai school of medicine as a stake holder provides educational materials to both the clients and the social workers. This comes in form of study texts, researc