ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Australian car industry is on the rise and according to the country’s Financial Review, it emerged that the industry needed a huge amount of money to subsidize its operations for further four years (Alexander 2012, p. 1). In this case, the industry required about $34 million to fulfil its mission. This necessitates a rescue program for the industry to avoid future problems and impending collapse, though other economists would consider it as being short-sightedness. Since the car manufacturing sector was started in the country, it has received a lot of assistance from the government to protect it from trade forces. The industry was protected through subsidies and sometimes tariffs, which enhanced the development of motor industry in the country. In reality, when the government assistance to the company becomes meaningless. Economic Arguments against the Industry Protection Economists and other researchers have advanced various arguments in contrary to the policies, which advocate for the protection of the car industry. Such bailouts are resisted because they increase the company’s independent on handouts, hence might compromise its liquidity and operations. Economically, some of the arguments against the protection of the car industry in Australia include the following; Incentives matters : often, economists have argued that through protecting the industry, it might relent on its mandate of providing incentives to its workers so that the latter improves the quality of cars (Kemp 2008, p 102). Since the success of car manufacturing depends on the quality of the output, provision of incentives the industry might be depending on government assistance at the expense of developing internal mechanisms (Kemp 2008, p. 108). Importantly, the workers normally initiate behaviour that would enable them rewarded for their hard work. In addition, economists believe that the bailouts decrease the competitiveness of the models, making the industry lose a lot of money due to poor sales. Comparative Advantage: Notably, globalization and the current liberalized trade in the country ensure that the production suits structure (Salvatore 2012, p. 17). However, protecting the industry reduces its comparative advantage to the total number of existing car manufacturers in Australia and other parts of the world. The extent to which the car industry could remain competitive explains the application of the Mercantilism theory of Absolute Advantage (Feenstra 2003, p. 55). Under this theory, Adam Smith argued that the company progresses and accumulates enormous wealth based on its inclination to the production of goods, in which it generally has comparative advantage compared to the others. Indeed, comparative advantage revitalizes the business pattern, and this helps the company in making decisions, and might enable the company make reasonable profit (Feenstra 2003, p. 67). Resource Allocation : the efficiency with which the Australian car industry operates in terms of resource allo
Abstract This paper elaborates the effective SOSE and HPE teaching and learning principles. It surfaces concrete examples of the principles in action while clearly depicting how the principles are embedded in the current curriculum materials. SOSE focuses on learning as a product of four pillar approach to sustainability. The sustainable approach pillars are “environmental responsibility, cultural vitality, social equity and economic health”. SOSE attempts to change the ‘Industrial’ (transmissive) education that focuses on traditional subjects, knowledge and individualism to transformational education that in contrary focuses on collaborative, creative and learning that looks for real solutions to contemporary challenges and issues (McKay, 2006). Studies of Society and Environment entail careful investigations of challenging and controversial issues in the societies and the world in general, for examples environmental problems such as global warming. It further encourages critical thinking that further arouses optimistic visions for the future in learners (Tylee, 2011). Conventionally to be educated meant to be able to read and comprehend the contents in the discipline of reference (Tylee, 2011). This means that the knowledge that learners gain is prescribed and is considered necessary by an outside influence (Boyce, 2006). The society and environment syllabus/curriculum however, requires the learners participation and the results originate from the learners instead of being generated from an outside source as in the domain of the traditional curricula. SOSE/HPE has process or inquiry orientations that are found in individuals taking part in the learning but involves a social framework. “The learning process entails identification of patterns, creates connections and arranging past unrelated bits of knowledge, activities or behaviors to the learners into new patterned wholes” (Fisher, 2010). The learners are actively involved in learning. SOSE key values are: social justice, economical and ecological sustainability, democratic processes and peace. The learners study uses of key values through comparing how it have been used and how it can be, defined, debated and used, both in real contexts and abstract forms. The learners appreciate perspectives of different people, values and how cultures can influence their perspectives. They also study how different values concern people from diverse cultures and time. Active learning is very evident in the Campus Kindy’s environmental project. The kids learn actively through coming up with solutions such as creating water wastage poster and participating in tree planting to curb the global warming. The students learn through applied learning, for example 60 children aged between 2.5 to 5 at Campus Kindy demonstrate practical approach to learning through involvement in sustainable planet project. The project provides an opportunity for all members to contribute energy, interest and ideas. The children contribute in all steps of planning and development with great
Introduction Globalization has been seen from many dimensions by different scholars, each trying to show the positive and the negative aspect of it. Globalization takes in the concept of trade and the long-term direct foreign investments from the multinational corporations. It also looks into the aspect of the flow of capital in a particular country. According to Bhagwati (2005), globalization needs also to cover issues of migration and the integration and transfer of technology among the different countries. On the other hand, globalization and economic globalization are taken in different aspects in terms of particular dimensions like the accessibility of mass media internationally or the rate of increase in enrollment cases of foreign students. In this respect, the idea of globalization in a particular nation must be looked at from its broad perspective, taking into consideration the merits and demerits and its impact on the economy of a country. This study looks at the ideas put across by Bhagwati in his book In Defense of Globalization and analyses whether globalization should be of benefit to a country like Thailand or not. It tries to bring out the facts as pointed out in the book and whether they justify the applicability of globalization in Thailand’s economy. Economic issues in Thailand Thailand’s economy is one of those economies in the world that are highly dependent on exports. Its exports amount to two-thirds of the total gross domestic product and with its high purchasing power, it has been ranked second in its economic growth in Southeast Asia. Its economic recovery in the 1997-1998 financial crises was made possible by its high rates of exports, among other factors. Thailand’s labor force depends mainly on agriculture, but this does not outdo the contribution of exports to its GDP. Tourism industry has also been improving over the last few years despite the high rates of political instability and this has added to its economic growth rate and a rise in the gross domestic product between 5-7% in the past five years (Lechner, 2004). Thailand’s growth rate has ranged from 8% to 9.4% from 1985 to 1996 and this has made it be ranked as a tiger economy. Its participation in international trade has also helped it work towards the overcoming the 1997-1998 financial crisis. Some of the other economic issues that the country has been a current account deficit in the year 2005, resulting in a -4.3% deficit in the gross domestic product. In the following years, it improved to a surplus and the economy was able to get to its feet once more. Other activities that contribute to the country’s economy include forestry, fishing, mining and manufacturing. Will globalization help Thailand improve its economy? Globalization has been seen by many as one of the factors that negatively affect the growth process of both the rich and the poor countries’ economies. However, as Bhagwati (2005) puts it, globalization involves a cultural exchange and Thailand has been involved in exports and attracting tourists into their country and this has been one of the positive impact
Introduction According to the recent statistics, capital punishment rates are declining in the United States. The number of death sentences is lowering due to many factors: changing ethical views, reforming laws, and a different view of human rights (Fleury-Steiner, Kaplan, & Longazel, 2015). Nonetheless, 30 states still have legislatures that allow capital punishment for crimes such as murder or treason, and many of these territories continue to put offenders on death row. One of the main ethical concerns that are researched in the legal sphere is the connection between capital punishment and race. Here, the issue can be viewed from multiple points, although the ideology behind the situations is similar – racism serves as a force that has been impacting the statistics throughout the history of the country. Racial prejudice is especially visible in the number of white and nonwhite offenders receiving capital punishment as well as the race of their victim. Black offenders face a bias which is further aggravated if they commit a crime against a white person. Topic Definition and Purpose The discussion of the correlations between race and death penalty is essential in providing one with the most reliable data about patterns in which people act while deciding the fate of offenders. The existence of a racial bias changes the way people perceive the justice system since its altered representation of communities also affects other factors such as people’s economic and professional wellbeing. Black people who face racial prejudice have to fight against bias in workplace and court, facing unfair convictions and excessive punishments. Currently, the racial bias has been acknowledged and confirmed by many scholars, but its existence is still unmanaged in many states. For example, Warden and
Asking for help is an ability that not so many people have. Although it may seem easy and basic, asking for help, especially if it crucial for you, is a difficult task that some people prefer to ignore. Nevertheless, I believe that each of us should understand how important and even life-saving it can be. Personal View For me, asking for help means communicating with people whom I love and trust. Other sources of help can be books because they often contain answers to those questions that people cannot address. God is another powerful source of support and reassurance to me because when there is no one to ask, God is always near. However, first of all, it is important to learn how to ask for help and how to provide help to others. People who work in the counseling field can often provide unique support because of their experience and the ability to stay open-minded. They need to become better at what they do, and helping people is one of their duties; therefore, they are experts at both asking and offering help. Sometimes, asking for help demands courage, and it is hard to reach out to someone if you are not sure whether you will receive any help at all. My mother is one of my most sincere and calming advisors because she is very wise and probably knows me better than I do. Parents are capable of deep understanding and empathy: something that a person seeking help needs. I also believe that empathy is the factor that contributes to your ability to help someone: without understanding, help turns into an obligation. In a society that cultivates independence and self-confidence, it is sometimes difficult to admit that you need other people to complete a task; it is even harder to acknowledge that you need to ask for help. However, although asking for help is a process that is often regarded as diminishing, it can be life-saving and relieving. I believe that more people need to understand needing help is a healthy condition that everybody experiences during their life. What is more, I have also noticed that people might not get what they expected when they ask for help. This, in return, leads to catastrophic misunderstandings and the development of fear. Thus, some of us decide that it is better to do everything by yourself than to ask for help. This is a serious psychological discrepancy that I often observe in our society – something that people rarely address but often experience. Nevertheless, I would not argue that an individualistic society can be blamed for not teaching people how to ask for help; rather, it is the set of beliefs and rules that we learn and follows from childhood on. It is essential for an individual to “manifest [their] specialness”, which also reflects in the refusal to ask for help (Snyder, Lopez, & Pedrotti, 2014, p. 24). Thus, when a person faces a situation that they cannot cope with alone, they have three options: to ask for help, to solve the problem independently, or to do nothing. “Do nothing” is not a choice that is encouraged in individualistic societies that emphasize the person’s achievements. “Asking for help” is seen as weakness and dependency. Therefore, only one choice remains; although oft
Facts Search King, Inc. filed a motion against Google Technology, Inc. in order to receive the injunctive relief and impose punishment for interfering with the contractual relations. The Search King, Inc. alleged that Google Technology, Inc. in September or August 2012 negatively affected Search King’s “Page Rank,” the PR Advertisement Network that represents a different branch of the company, as well as other Google-affiliated websites that remained unidentified. An assertion of devaluation had been made due to the fact that the PR Ad Network made a profit from selling space to various entities that possessed a high rank in Google’s system. Such a devaluation caused Search King, Inc. to experience significant harm in terms of business relations. Therefore, Search King required Google to restore the ranking to the previous levels for the period of August and September 2012. Search King (founded in 1997) is a web hosting company as well as the search engine on the Internet. The PR Ad Network was introduced as a new business branch to place adverts as well as links to the website pages of their clients, which received a high ranking in the Page Rank system owned by Google. The fee for the advertisement is generally based on the ranking a specific website received in the Page Rank system (“Case No. CIV-02-1457-M” 2). Google (founded in 1998) is an Internet search engine that looks for specific web pages that coincide with the search query entered by a user. Simultaneously, the Google search engine produces a ranking for each web page that has any relevance to the search (“Case No. CIV-02-1457-M” 3). Page Rank system uses a mathematical algorithm placed in the center of the Internet search engine. The ranking is created through a combination of different factors, such as the number of corresponding links and the text matches with the initial query. Thus, the less closely the website matches the user’s query, the less relevant the website is, and the other way around. Despite the fact that the Page Ranks cannot be paid for, they hold substantial value. For instance, websites that received a high ranking can charge way more than those that received a low ranking. In such cases, a high ranked website can retrieve a benefit from the Page Ranks system without the ‘favor for favor’ deals. PR Ad Network managed to capitalize such a significant benefit and act as the ‘middle ground’ between clients and advertisement through charging websites for placing their ads on the highly ranked websites that are compensated for their favor (“Case No. CIV-02-1457-M” 3). On purpose, Google decreased the existing Page Rank assigned to PR Ad Network and Search King. While Search King’s rank dropped to 8, PR Ad Network’s ranking was completely deleted. According to Search King, such an action caused large damage to the business because its exposure to the search engine was severely limited. Google Technologies, Inc. claimed that the selling of ad space on the highly ranked website did not comply with Google’s Page Rank system’s integrity due to the fact that the ranks o
Introduction It is unquestionable that various arguments have been put forward focusing on the gradual radical evolution in Am
This passage is found in Chapter IV called “Natural Selection,” part 1 called “Natural Selection: Its Power Compared with Man’s Selection” of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species 1 . The work was first published in 1859 in the United Kingdom and gained much attention from the scientific world and non-specialist public 2 . The arguments presented by Darwin in this book became the foundation of the evolutionary biology. The ideas expressed in On the Origin of Species were groundbreaking and shocking for the scientists of XIX century. Natural history of the times when Darwin worked was largely affected by church naturalists. They believed that the main aim of science was to reveal God’s plan and interpreted science from a clerical perspective. However, an intense conflict over religious morality and the development of professionalism in science have led to the possibility of the evolvement of such revolutionary theories as the ones proposed by Darwin in On the Origin of Species. The book is divided into fourteen chapters. The first chapter explores the origins of different breeds, selective breeding, and kinds of variations related to it. In the second chapter, the author presents the footage to his claim that variation in nature is ubiquitous. The third chapter introduces the basics of natural selection. The first three chapters prepare the reader to accept the ground-breaking information about natural selection presented in the fourth chapter. Darwin’s reflection of the perfection of natural selection compared to the artificial selection conducted by a man leads to the discussed paragraph. The passage is followed by explicit examples illustrating the assumptions made by the author about the ubiquity of natural selection in the life of every creature on the Earth. The discussed passage is considered one of the most colorful and important claims of the book. It demonstrates the author’s talent for revealing the relation of the phenomenon to all spheres of our life. Darwin masterly uses the personification to convince the reader of the omnipresence of natural selection. This powerful passage plays a vital role in ensuring a strong persuading effect of the book by giving a portrait of the driving force behind the evolution in a succinct and coherent statement. Both the passage and the book as a whole present an example of Darwin’s genius expressed on paper. The innovative character of literary style, valid arguments, and the topic made the book an example of exquisit
Communication with other people is an essential instrument for the generation of ideas and making breakthroughs. As Johnson (2010) puts it, great discoveries are commonly conducted not, for example, in the laboratories where scientists work, but in the conference rooms where these scientists discuss what they have found. However, the problem with several people’s collaboration is that they all have different social and cultural backgrounds and worldviews. Nonetheless, according to Flower (2003), these differences should not be regarded as a hindrance to effective collaboration. Instead, they are the source for creating a more profound understanding of any issue (Flower, 2003). From this, it could be inferred that ethical communication and collaborating with others to generate ideas could not be established in a team guided by prejudices and the absence of tolerance to people with alternative views or beliefs. The chosen TED Talk is Teach every child about food by Jamie Oliver, a British chef. This TED Talk was chosen because Oliver (2010) discusses the problem of childhood obesity that is a significant problem in communities worldwide. Oliver (2010) persuades the audience of the importance of his position from the first second of his talk. More precisely, he starts the performance with a horrifying statistic: four US citizens will die because of obesity during the nearest 18 minutes of his speech. By the way, Oliver (2010) uses a lot of statistical facts during his speech. This strategy is immensely effective because the audience could always argue with the correctness of a speaker’s judgment but could hardly disagree with the statistical data. What is more, in his speech, Oliver (2010) also refers to his experience of working at schools kitchens. This signifies that the audience is listening to someone who knows what he is talking about and could be trusted. Finally, I would like to ask you, what strategies would you employ if you have to persuade a school’s administration to change the menu to protect students from obesity?