ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Caterpillar was formed in 1925 after the merger of Holt and Best Tractor Company. After this, the company moved its headquarters to Illinois. It is credited as the first company to introduce a diesel engine on a moving vehicle. From 1930s later on, the company directed its efforts to the production of construction, road building and logging equipment. The Second World War would later on redefine the company as it supplied bulldozers to the US army. The company was able to increase its production line to include diesel engines, motor graders and electric generators. This saw its sales increasing considerably (between 1941 and 1994). Later on after the world war, the company saw an increase in demand for its products because of vibrant reconstruction in Europe. In addition to these, there was need to construct large dams in third world countries and lay out major airports in other parts of the world. To stay ahead and remain more competitive in the market, the company ensured that it manufactured durable, reliable and high quality equipments. On the other hand, it ensured that there was speedy delivery of replacement parts. Because of this, the company was able to emerge as a market leader in the heavy construction equipment industry. As from 1960, the company had energized itself by establishing subsidiaries in other countries that it had set businesses into (these were manufacturing subsidiaries). More success has been brought about by the company’s distribution and dealership network that has given it a wide market presence. The company’s marketing organization has always relied on a dense network of independent dealers. Its rising profitability was affected by a crisis in the early 1980s. It came about as a result of the global economic crisis, unfavorable exchange rates between currencies and a strike (that was brought about by misunderstandings). After these problems, the company embarked on a turnaround program that was headed by George Schaefer’s. This was for a period of 5 years (from 1985 to 1990). He embarked on ensuring that the company utilized global outsourcing, broader product line, employee involvement, plant with a future and labor relations. Schaefer’s was succeeded by Donald Fites who was at the helm from 1990 to 1999. He really focused on leadership, reorganization, marketing and dealerships, diversification a
LWT is a company manufacturing interior shutters. Last year, a lot of cheap Chinese shutters appeared on the market. Due to that, the company had to design a new business model; to begin with, they decided to broaden the range of products. Apart from that, it is essential for them to start collaborating with customers directly instead of selling goods to decorating centers. Also, it was decided to improve online advertising. It can be said that the given case is related to some of the chapters we studied during the course. For instance, when it comes to Chapter 4 devoted to forecasting demand, it touches upon the importance of forecasting in business. As is clear from the case, Chuck Keown has applied this tool in order to strengthen the position of the company and gain a competitive advantage over Chinese manufacturers. As for Chapter 7, it tells about production processes and touches upon customers’ ability to influence process design. If we regard the case in connection with the service process matrix presented in the chapter, it becomes clear that Keown aims at making LWT a company with professional service which is capable of executing the orders with no middlemen involved. There is one more chapter devoted to capacity planning that explains the notion of efficiency. It is obvious that the measures taken by the higher management of LWT are aimed at improving efficiency with the help of the adoption of a customer-centric strategy. In Chapter 14 that we studied, the authors present important information concerning MRP and ERP – commonly accepted techniques used in order to process relevant information and make effective decisions aimed at mitigating the most important risks. It is known that ERP is closely interconnected with customer relationship management. As is clear from the vision expressed by Keown, the company has to pinpoint attention upon the quality of customer service, and this is why the chapter is related to the case. The higher management of the company is ready to implement changes to its mission statement due to the fact that the position of LWT in the market is precarious – a lot of manufacturers from the country with the low-paid manpower manage to create exact copies of their products. Due to that, many companies prefer to collaborate with these companies because of low prices. As it follows from the statements made by Keown, adoption of the new business strategy may be the only chance for LWT to improve its positions. In fact, doing business based on the new mission is a difficult task for any company, but changing strategy and implementation of a customer-orie
Project Background Vis-Hawal Motorcycles is a leading manufacturer of medium-sized motorcycle cruisers. The machines produced by the company fall under the middleweight category. The size of the engines ranges from 500cc to 1000cc. The company intends to diversify its production line to include motorcycles with large motors. The proposed machines are in the touring class with engine sizes that are larger than 1100cc. The following report details the project plan whose objectives are expected to be realized within the next five years. Project Organization According to the Project Management Institute [PMI] (2004), organization refers to a group of people that come together to realize common objectives. The individuals need to coordinate their activities. For this to occur, effective communication is needed. In addition, an understanding of the various relationships and interdependencies between these parties is required. The project for Vis-Hawal’s touring class motorcycles requires an organizational structure that will sustain production and help in the realization of the long-term objectives of the firm. The pure product (projectized) organization is the selected approach for Vis-Hawal motorcycles project. According to PMI (2004), the strategy is developed as a division of another entity. The structure is suitable in situations where a continuous flow of project exists. It is ideal for the five year duration of the projected production of touring class motorcycles. The figure below indicates the structure of a pure product organization: Figure 1: Projectized or pure product structure. Source: Miller and Floricel (2004). The motorcycle development project will involve various activities and phases to attain the final product. According to White and Fortune (2002), a project undergoes five ‘groups’ of processes. They include initiation and planning. The others involve project execution, monitoring and control, and closure (Kerzner & Saladis, 2013). The five process groups should be adopted by Vis-Hawal for the production of the touring class motorcycles. Project initiation involves appraisal of the undertaking, staffing, and preparation of various docum
Introduction Traditionally, entheogens were used in a range of fields, such as therapeutic or medical purposes, recreational medicine, religious practices, and support for the spiritual growth of a person. These substances should be employed in future societies to transform spiritual rites and practices with the aim of providing a better world. Entheogens are used to imply just the substances that may be used in a liable and constructive approach. It has been literally defined as “generating the god within or that which reveals the divine” (Harvey 4). This can be all hallucinogens and psychedelics, but it depends on every person’s decision whether a certain substance is a part of entheogens or not. This paper discusses how entheogens can transform society in the future. Analysis The predicted conditions and practices that may be experienced in the future need intense voices to request for the rebirth of spiritual practices to manage the issues that will be faced by humanity. However, one solution for these answers can be found in the use of entheogens, where people or societies should not misinterpret or place it under controversies. Entheogens modify consciousness in such an intense manner that, relying on the set and setting, these religious substances can generate the definitive human experience, which is the unification with God and disclosure of various spiritual veracities. According to Harvey (4), if entheogens are applied with sincerity and correct intentions, they can provide a significant approach to enhancing religious practices and life in the future. Entheogens can unite and make several spiritual currents stronger in future societies. These societies have some similar objectives and intentions, such as an objective of creating, through altering consciousness in most human beings, a position for a better universe and a place free from war and environmental harm. Since these spiritual practices carried out in the past helped most people to have certain behaviors that were acceptable and respected in the society, it can also help in modifying some behaviors that have entrenched and expected to be intense in the future society. These practices should not be ignored by these societies. The significance of some entheogens should be in its capability to lift unconscious items, prevail over resistance, or make latent neural paths active with the purpose of bringing in consciousness. Therefore, these benefits can also be adopted in the future to change or introduce alternative ways of solving personal issues (Mann). Entheogens can be used also to recover or manage the withdrawn issues or memories of a person. Entheogens are useful in generating provisional conditions of psychological insight, strong relationships among people, and spiritual conversion. The use of entheogen should be employed also to reduce recidivism that is caused by psychological insight and strong relatio
Introduction to the poem The poem ‘Death be not proud’ is an attack against death and the fear of dying. The author calls individuals to take on death even though it seems to be a very strong thing. Furthermore, the author asserts that death does not cause man to stop existing; instead, death merely gives a person’s body a chance to rest. The soul continues to live on in the afterlife. The poem was written by a seventeen year old boy called John Donne and was addressed to a friend who had passed away. The poet believes that death is inevitable so people should not be afraid if it. To the author, it was an avenue for getting into heaven where he would enjoy eternal life. The poem is metaphysical in nature because the author relies on complex images to compare death to a person. Information about the poem The poet was a young man who had endured so much during his short life. Doctors had diagnosed him with a brain tumor in the last fifteen months of his life. Johnny had a strong will to live and faced his troubles and tribulations quite courageously. Johnny was always an intelligent and selfless boy throughout his childhood. However, his fate changed after he started experiencing a stiff neck. When he went back to school, the administrators recommended a medical examination that discovered the brain tumor. John went through his first operation when the specialists
In academic institutions the level of learners’ performance varies, with some learners being average, others above average, and others falling below the average level. The variation in the performance of the pupils could occur in some class or category like gender, race, disabilities, religion, and culture. Moreover, the difference in the academic performance of students in schools among these categories is what is referred to as achievement gap. Several factors can lead to underachievement in schools. Some are community related factors while others are factors within the learning institutions (Snell, 2003). One of the problems that cause the achievement gap is lack of enough funds. For instance, pupils from very humble background often do not perform well compared to their financially able counterparts. They often lack supplementary learning materials that may not be provided in schools, and their general education is surrounded by debts. Another problem is poor education policies. Educational policies adopted within a particular nation may cause the achievement gap. If there is no standard national curriculum, then the students progressing into k-12 level from different middle level schools may have difference in perform
Summary A false light tort is an extremely contradictory area of privacy protection laws. On the one hand, it aims to protect people’s privacy in a manner similar to defamation tort but focuses on their dignity and mental well-being instead of their reputation. In doing so, it forces publishers to consider what implications their articles can have on the people that are mentioned. While this definitely has its benefits and has served to protect the interests of people who had actually been negatively affected by the published information, but couldn’t be shielded under defamation claims, it also brings a number of serious risks. First of all, while having a lot of overlap with defamation, it has a much smaller and subjective burden of proof, opening ways for exploitation for profit. This, in turn, leads to the second problem. False light can be used to chill free speech, a right guaranteed to both citizens and publishers by the First Amendment. Also, the similarity of the tort to defamation carried the danger of redundancy in legislation. This paper assesses five case studies which look at trials where false light was invoked, and how different states and courts approached the issue. Based on these case studies, the question of false light tort nature and validity is investigated in detail, in particular, its relationship with free speech and the First Amendment. Ultimately, the paper concludes that it its current state the tort is too open for abuse, and before it can be considered a fully functional part of the law, it needs to be redefined in a way that would remove confusion, prevent misuse, and would not chill speech. Vanishing False Light Claims False Light claims are responses to breaches of privacy of non-public persons and are in many ways similar to defamation claims. The primary difference between the two lies in that the primary purpose of the defamation laws is the protection of the plaintiff’s reputation, which false light regulations concern themselves with the protection of the claimant’s mental or emotional well-being (“False Light Law & Legal Definition” par. 1). While the privacy of a person is a very important part of their rights, and it is the responsibility of the law to protect citizens from harm, both physical and mental, false light claims are connected to a lot of ambiguity by nature. First of all, they are much vaguer in the description and open to interpretation. While for a valid case of defamation the information published needs to be objectively false, the information that led to a false light claim can be technically true but might have been presented in a misleading manner. This creates the potential for exploitation of the legal system in order to profit at the expense of the defendants. Additionally, a major issue flows from the fact that false light claims need to be balanced against the right to free speech as granted by the First Amendment, which makes the argument even more convoluted, regardless of whether the plaintiff is simply attempting to “play the system”, or actually feels harmed by misleading statements in the media. The plaintiff doesn’t need to provide
Introduction UCCyber is an organization operating in the cybersecurity area whose flagship product is UCEduSecure. UCEduSecure is an antivirus software specifically aimed at addressing the cybersecurity issues of educational institutions. The release of the software is scheduled for the end of 2021, while in May 2021, the product is still in development. The main feature of UCEduSecure is the ability not only to identify and isolate viruses but also to simulate its effect in real-time. Proof of concept (PoC) was successfully presented at the Project Expo in November 2019. Positive feedback from industry experts and colleagues motivated the development team to create their own startup, which also received investment. However, due to problems that arose during the development of the product, the organization was unable to provide a full-fledged commercial product on time, which threatens the present position of the company. One of the managers abandoned the project, leaving the founders with existing challenges; the investor can also terminate the partnership. Thus, UCCyber ​​currently needs an IT and management consultancy to analyze the problem, risk, and ethical issues and find solutions. Problem description First of all, during the development process, the team faced an unforeseen difficulty in the form of the COVID-19 epidemic and the worldwide lockdown. This circumstance forced the entire team to work remotely, which does not provide opportunities for sufficient communication. Moreover, the team was created recently, and the specialists did not yet have strong bonds with each other. The transition to virtual and remote communication made it impossible to collaborate and track the progress of application development effectively. The impossibility of cooperation among the young team in the face of the pandemic has led to many disagreements about the product. The described problem led to the fact that startup employees had different views not only on development but also on the approach to overcoming difficulties. As a result, the team wasted time, which could be used to finalize the project, on discussions and debates about the future strategy. Team disagreements over the next steps appear to be a key issue for the company at this time. The team plans to launch a product to market with 94% virus detection accuracy, while
The labor market is paradoxical. On one hand, the number of people looking for jobs is high. On the other, there is a shortage of talented people available for hire. This situation is very rampant in many industries. Talented individuals are difficult to find and retain. This is very pronounced in the engineering sector. The approach many companies use in the hiring of engineers is that they employ engineering graduates fresh from college. They then find ways of training and retaining them to ensure that they remain in the company for as long as possible. This is because engineering jobs tend to carry a lot of influence on the production processes of an organization and can determine its profitability and long-term sustainability. In order to find engineers to fill in job openings, there is need to develop a recruitment, selection, and onboarding plan. This paper presents a comprehensive plan needed to hire twenty bilingual engineers to increase the capacity of the company to service a federal government contract. Recruitment Plan The recruitment plan needed to hire these engineers should start with the development of a clear statement of the human resource needs for the project. These needs relate to the actual tasks that the engineers will need to perform, the strategic needs of the company, and the responsibility of the company towards the community. This means that the company needs to hire engineers who will be able to meet the needs of the organization. The company will need to find ways of bringing the vacancies to the attention of all the qualified engineers to ensure that they capture the best talent available in the market. This will call for the development of a strong campaign to reach all the potential engineers. In part, this will require the organization to study the current employment climate for engineers. Based on this, the company will be able to develop an attractive package that will ensure it attracts the best talent. After the completion of the preliminary issues, the company should invite applications from the available engineers. This should include the use of the social media to find the best talent for the job. Social media is becoming more important for HR because of its capacity to take information to a wide array of people (Mitchell 193). In addition, the company can consider using the social media as a means of narrowing down on the best candidates for the jobs. There is growing evidence that the analysis of a person’s social media profile can help to determine their fit into an organization (Mitchell 193). The company can also use other tests such as psychometric tests, cultural fit tests, and competency tests to f
Revenue and Accounts Receivable Recognition The generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) stipulate how firms should prepare their income statements at the end of a fiscal period. Under GAAP, revenue is recognized once the client receives a product or a service. Revenue is recognized when it has been realized or earned. The GAAP further advises that revenue should be entered into a company’s financial statements when (1) there is evidence of a transaction; (2) items/services have been delivered/performed; (3) transaction involves a determinable service fee; and (4) debt ‘collectibility’ is guaranteed. This implies that, as per GAAP principles, it is only when cash has been received by the service provider that revenue can be said to be realized. Moreover, it is presumed that the firm will not incur additional costs after the revenue has been recorded in its financial statements. Accounts receivable are short-term credit facilities payable within a specified period (usually 30 days) from the date an invoice has been issued. Accounts receivable are recorded in the balance sheet as net amount after deducting costs associated with bad debts. An invoice from a firm’s customer is issued as evidence of their existence. Accounts receivable are reported as current assets because they are usually converted into cash within a short period, usually three months. Just like revenue, a firm recognizes accounts receivable once it has delivered the goods or services to a client. Receivables are valued at their present value based on an interest rate agreed upon by both parties. For instance, accounts receivable worth $4000 that are payable within a period of 30 days would be valued at $4000, as this amount represents their present net value. The interest that will accrue over the entire period (30 days) is not recorded as sales revenue. GAAP advises firms to report accounts receivable at their present value because the interest that accrues within the 30-day period is minimal. Thus, initially, the receivables are valued based on their present net value without the interest. However, the evaluation is subject to cash and trade discounts, which affect the amount that the credit customer will pay within the 30-day period. Therefore, accounts receivable and revenue are reported