ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Julius Caesar is William Shakespeare’s first piece of literature written in 1599 which gives a vivid picture of the before Christ era of Roman Emperors. According to Sanderson (2003), “Shakespeare based this play on Thomas North’s 1579 English translation of Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans ”. The play revolves around the conspiracy of the Roman senators against their ruler, Julius Caesar. The vehement malice against Caesar led to his brutal assassination. The repercussions were chaos and immense upheaval in the political and social atmosphere of Rome. The manner in which the entire plot and its consequences were built in the play reflects Shakespeare’s strong belief in the power of the ruler. Although the murderers of Caesar apparently had also killed the likely undesirable outcomes of his ambition, his assassination had triggered a state of affairs which was far more unexpected and intolerable. Sanderson (2003) writes that probably Shakespeare intended to draw the attention of the audience in the 16 th century to the then crippling aristocracy. The rule of Queen Elizabeth I was reaching its end and she had no “heir to succeed her”. (Sanderson, 2003) Persuasion, Manipulation, Survival and Success The entire play is full of instances of persuasion and manipulation by arguments and opinion. Other than some prominent examples of the use of persuasion and manipulation by crucial characters, it is interesting to note that the general public or the citizens of Rome have been shown to be easily influenced against and in favor of Julius Caesar throughout. In Act 3 Scene 1 of Roma Gill’s (1995) edited version of Julius Caesar, the citizens rejoice in triumph of Caesar prior to he was being crowned. Their enthusiasm is easily maneuvered after the murder by the persuasive speeches delivered by Brutus, Cassius and Casca, the assassins of Caesar. As Brutus shouts “Let’s all cry, ‘Peace, freedom and liberty!’”, (Roma Gill, 1995, p. 47), the Romans begin to acknowledge Caesar as a potential oppressor or tyrant. After a lapse of a few moments when Antony begins his eulogy for Caesar, the same people start cursing the murders by calling them “villains, murderers”. (Roma Gill, 1995, p. 58). The citizens of Rome are persuaded and manipulated by the friends and foes of Caesar repeatedly. A brilliant example of the use of persuasion and manipulation by Shakespeare is when Cassius slowly poisons Brutus’ ears against Caesar. Since the beginning of the play edited by Roma Gill (1995), Brutus is presented as a character who is very close to Caesar and is a “great friend” of his. Nonetheless, Brutus’ “love for Rome is even greater than his love for his friend”. (p. viii). Cassius, “a
The information from the case allows outlining the needs of the client. First, it is evident that Chase Wilson is undergoing an emotionally challenging period associated with the separation from his family. While the client claims to have a strong relationship with his parents, the situation is aggravated by the recent employment problems experienced by Chase’s father, which likely added to his anxiety. It should also be pointed out that in the earlier conversation Wilson expressed interest in transferring to a base that would be closer to home and revealed his intention to terminate service in order to reunite with the family which is probably the strongest indication of his need to reunite with his parents. Another apparent need is related to the decreased workload and more adequate responsibility distribution. Extra shifts and disproportionate distribution of responsibilities likely add to the stress and exhaustion created by his schedule, especially considering the fact that the client works night shifts. It should also be mentioned that several challenges exist that complicate the case. First, due to organizational specificities, the base is experiencing a continuous stream of personnel deployment that makes the workload optimization unlikely. Second, Wilson’s concerns with the financial difficulties experienced by his parents will likely be aggravated by the recent hospitalization of his mother and the employment limitations derived from her condition, as well as by the need to repay the no-interest loan taken to repair the car. Finally, the fact of alcohol abuse is expected to introduce major complications. Alcohol abuse is known to be a persistent problem in the military and has been conclusively tied to stress, loneliness, and traumatic experience common in the field (Sullivan et al., 2015). While it is possible to dismiss the relation to the latter based on the client’s self-assessment, both of the former are observably present in the case. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the scenario is not without its strengths. Most prominently, the client is married and has the opportunity to live together with his wife during service, which has a positive impact on the emotional climate. Second, the perceived lack of traumatizing experiences eliminates several major psychological and social concerns associated with the military domain. Finally, aside from his concerns regarding the separation from the parents, Wilson provides a relatively positive self-assessment, including a strong relationship with parents. Based on the identified set of factors, I would approach the intervention using open-ended non-intrusive questions. Since the client demonstrates sufficient awareness of the main issues of his situation and is relatively resilient, such an approach would allow me to bypass the remaining barriers and establish the necessary level of trust. The previous encounters with the client suggest that such a mode of communication is highly likely. Once trus
As it has already been found out, quality of medical care is a highly significant sphere of attention from the side of controlling institutions, so particular care should be witnessed from the side of every medical institution staff to ensure continuous work on healthcare improvement taking place. Having discussed the necessity of healthcare improvement, it is logical to proceed to the identification of the spheres that may require improvement in particular healthcare establishments, namely hospitals. One should understand that it is impossible to work out a quality improvement plan in case weak sides have not been identified and all measures witnessing the current state of multiple aspects of the hospital’s functioning have not been assessed and analyzed. For this reason, the present paper will consider a set of quality assessment tools that give a clearer idea of the quality of care level the hospital possesses in various dimensions. The paper will also investigate some quality improvement tools that will help analyze and control the improvement process as well as provide the efficient basis for its final qualitative and quantitative assessment. As it has been previously discussed, hospitals are institutions with a too broad spectrum of activities – they either take up too many functions or specialize narrowly in some specific spheres. So one can identify such weak sides of quality care performance in hospitals as handling administrative data and taking proper care of individual patients. For this reason, the record cards, collecting primary data, and dealing with CareMaps have been chosen for consideration as quality assessment tools. Record cards have always been considered a powerful tool for the generalization of health information of patients to create one general database of symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment methods. In case the work with record cards is arranged properly it will be much easier to make an accurate diagnosis, to choose the best way of treatment, and to save resources for analysis and tests. Such an efficient framework for handling patients is still in the project, however much is done on the way to improve the quality of record cards arrangement. Among the main indicators important for assessment, record cards include all data about the patient as well as the financial information that may be highly helpful in managing the administrative and accounting issues in the hospitals’ activity. “Individuals involved with public health and health care administration should examine the different kinds of report cards so that they can evaluate them. To properly evaluate rep
Introduction It is worth noting that in Canada, rights violations and abuse of Aboriginal women are gaining increasing attention. Moreover, the murder of indigenous women in this country has become systematic in character. The population of Canada is requesting the government to engage in investigations and take active measures to prevent these incidences from reoccurring. The purpose of this paper is to review the article by Anita Olsen Harper, which discussed whether Canada is a safe place for aboriginal women. Author Background The author of the article is a researcher and a member of the Lac Seul First Nation. Being raised “on the traditional territories of the Anishinaawpe people”, she can understand and relate to the experience of aboriginal women (Canadian Domestic Homicide Prevention Initiative, 2019, para. 1). Anita is a person with an active position, who is trying to address such issues as the omission of formal education, which affects many aspects of human life (Canadian Domestic Homicide Prevention Initiative, 2019). She also raises the awareness of people in terms of the unequal access of aboriginal women to employment opportunities, their exclusion from social or political life, and cases of abuse against them. The author of the article also attracts a
Adam Smith and David Ricardo had a significant influence on the perception of international trade by developing their theories of absolute and comparative advantage. These approaches have long affected economic relations and dictated the rules of play. Nevertheless, as time passed, other theorists started to argue the foundations of these theories, such as complete employment, free trade, and global allocations of products manufactured on a country basis without the existence and interference of multinational enterprises. These questions were investigated by many scholars from all over the globe. To begin with, Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage is the foundation of Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage. The latter was given preference because it is believed that Smith’s theory is not applicable to the real world. However, according to Schumacher (2012a), this belief is based on excerpts from Smith’s theory instead of his original work. Based on this assumption, the author claims that the theory of absolute advantage is still relevant in the modern world due to the fact that some concepts such as specialization and economy of scale were mentioned in his original work – The Wealth of Nations, but ignored in textbooks. Moreover, Smith should be appraised for his dynamic approach to perceiving production and technological change, which derive from the alterations of the global economic environment and international trade. The overall conclusion of the whole paper is the following: a dynamic theory of absolute advantage cannot be seen as the basis of Ricardo’s static theory of comparative advantage. On the other hand, Palley (2008) argues that the perception of comparative advantage has changed over time. His assumptions are based on the works of Samuelson and Gomory, and Baumol. The author believes that comparative advantage is dynamic, as it is influenced by the changes in the global economy, international demand and supply, and distribution of advantages from becoming involved in international trade. Moreover, according to Palley (2008), the influence of unemployment on trade is positive because of inadequate demand for the workforce, while the impact of globalization is seen as negative due to deteriorating influence on domestic innovations and science. Finally, this theory should be viewed from the perspective of modern developments, i.e., high mobility of technologies and floating exchange rate. Bearing in mind the findings of these two articles, the conclusion is evident: even though the authors focus on different theories and perceive them in a different manner (both claim that advantage is dynamic), they recognize the fact that the apprehension of the international trade and the rules of play have changed. For instance, rules for international and domestic trade are the same regardless of the traditional belief that they differ. In addition, full employment mentioned in both theories is economically impossible and damages the development of trade ties, and jeopardizes domestic growth (Schumacher, 2012b). Furthermore, no advantage is fixed. It means that if a country possesse
Introduction Radio wave technology is the use of airwaves in transmitting and receiving information. It is the foundation of most of our communication in the present day. Radio waves fall under the group of waves termed electromagnetic radiation, which travel at the speed of light (3×10 8 m/s). These types of waves (including light, infrared, microwaves and x-rays) are classified based on their wavelengths and frequencies. The frequencies of radio waves lie between 300GHz to 3 kHz with wavelengths of 1mm to 100km. Some of the communication equipments that use radio waves include satellite dishes, radar, radios, television, mobile phones and wireless internet. The use of radio waves for powering electronic devices had not been exploited due to the nature of waves to weaken and dissipate as they spread due to their interaction with other waves and matter. Recently, a growing interest in alternative sources of energy that could provide efficient power in remote and sensitive locations has led to research into radio wave power generation. This paper looks at the history of radio waves and how power can be generated from them and how it can be applied in electronic devices. History and growth of radio wave technology The history of radio waves as medium for transmitting information started way back in the 1860s when James Clerk Maxwell, a physicist from Scotland, envisaged the existence of the waves. His prediction was enhanced in 1886 by Heinrich Rudolph Hertz, a German physicist, who went a notch further to show how variation of electric current could be sent into space as radio waves (Bellis 3). He was able to generate and compute the first waves by using an oscillator for transmitting the waves and a metal loop for detecting them (Parker 3). In 1895 Guglielmo Marconi, from Italy, sent a radio signal over a distance of 100m and received it. He used crafted antenna, transmitter, and condenser and had connections on the ground that could receive the signals. He also sent a wireless signal across the English Channel in 1899(Bellis 5), a distance of 3.5 miles. In addition, Nikola Tesla helped in developing and enhancing wireless radio transmitters. Ships started using wireless telegraphy for sending distress calls while at sea. In 1899, the U.S Army adopted the wireless system and in 1901, the Navy also adopted the system. Lee Deforest invented the space telegraph in the early 1900s where amplifiers were used to strengthen weak signals (Bellis 12). Marconi was able to transmit voice in 1914 over a distance of 50 miles (Bellis 12). Over time, many people aided in developing and enhancing radio wave communication and today we have 4G technologies that send information at very high speeds, besides audio and video streaming. Power generation using radio waves Electromagnetic radiation and photons Electromagnetic waves can be said to have an atomic structure and can either generate or expend energy (“Electromagnetic waves” par. 7).
Introduction Tris Coffin wrote the article in 1995. He wanted to address one of the industry’s goals, which is to conduct an employee loyalty check. The government realized that there was a recurring problem in the American business world. This problem was finding an efficient employee loyalty and security check. The security system had improved over some years and the loyalty check recorded that one out of every 10 adult Americans are loyal. This number included persons from all fields including schools, the armed forces, government, industry and the business world (Coffin, 1955). The persons employed in industries or organizations that are involved in producing secret machines and weapons (defense contract) were constantly checked for loyalty and security. This involved checking for their sobriety, inquiring about their beliefs in politics and other related issues. These checks had also been used in various other fields including the private businesses including the breweries, distilling plants, pharmaceuticals and the automobile industries. The security system was initiated after the government understood that a group of federal employees was threatening to overthrow the government. The FBI was used to investigate on the issue. These services extended to other military contracted companies where the military intelligence and FBI were used. Four years after initiation, four thousand loyalty complaints had been recorded. However, one thousand three hundred of the cases were disregarded since they were said to be baseless. The pentagon provided certain standards that the staff had to attain. Attempts of espionage and sabotage were condemned. Standards against treason and sedition also existed. The defense production personnel were not expected to advocate for violence and force in order to attempt to change the government’s constitution. Those who were suffering from emotional and mental instability were regarded as habitual offenders. They were not thought to posses the integrity and responsibility necessary for the security of classified information. The Chief Justice was worried about the security system since it disregarded some human rights. Theoretical issues identified It can be seen that the need for security of the American industry, busin
Introduction Organized bodies, both at national and international levels, regulate the accounting profession. These bodies are under the umbrella guidance of international accounting standards board. The international accounting standards board (IABS) formulates policies and guidelines for regulating the profession while the national bodies adopt national policies for implementing the IABS’s guidelines. This paper seeks to discuss possible changes that should be made to the United States’ generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for conformity with the international accounting standards board’s international financial reporting standards (IFRS). The paper will explore the difference between the two regulations to identify necessary initiatives for aligning the United States’ regulations to those of the international accounting standards board. Advantages of adopting international financial reporting standards Uniformity in accounting for property and entities has been one of the major needs fronted by globalization. Operations of multinational companies in different countries have involved interactions with different cultures and regulations, causing conflicts in accounting practices. This has led to establishment of common and better accounting policies with the aim of harmonizing the profession. One of the advantages of adopting universal applications is provision for a comparable ground. Globalization trend that has attracted companies and investors from different countries requires that a comparative approach be applied to ensure informed investment decision making. Similarly, enterprises in the same industry need a common reference for effective benchmarking. Aligning the United States’ GAAP to the global IFRS standards will therefore allow American companies and investors to make comparisons with economic environments in other countries. IFRS have also been associated with significantly higher quality reporting and lower “cost of capital” due to reduced risks as perceived by investors (Wiese, 2009, 6). Suggested transition from United States’ GAAP to IFRS Lack of uniformity in accounting policies has led to difference in treatment and reporting of accounting information. This difference has been significant even among translated versions of IFRS provisions. Realization of the benefits of uniformity therefore calls for strict adoption and interpretation of the universal guidelines (Tsakumis et al, 2009). Conclusions from research activities that indicates more advantages of IFRS regulations over the
Organizational Impact Paper Technological advancement keeps on causing changes in various industries through innovations, creativity, and advanced designs. Currently, change is inevitable in every organization, and thriving organizations include those that adapt and adopt to change immediately once it occurs. Through innovative and creative designs, the efficiency of processes and quality of products and services have been enhanced. Most importantly, organizations use innovations and creativity to underpin their competitive advantage in the market. The food and manufacturing industries are among other industries that have been affected positively by the tremendous innovations, designs, and creativity. McDonald’s and Nike organizations are examples of companies whose competitive strategy is focused on innovation, design, and creativity around the globe. Innovations Nike organization is known as the most innovative company that deals with sports shoes and apparel. In recent years, Nike has changed its strategic focus from risk management, philanthropy, improvement of labor, and environmental impacts on innovation and creativity (Nike, Inc report, 2012). The focus on innovation has influenced Nike’s corporate responsibility strategy enabling it to make products that are more suitable in the 21 st century. The company believes that for it to continue being the leading athletic brand round the world, it must provide innovative new products that are sustainable because future profitability depends on product sustainability. The increased focus on innovation and sustainability is aimed at helping Nike to have greater returns to its business, factory workers, and consumers. The reason Nike invests in innovation and creativity is to remain environmentally responsible in the 21 st century as every organization strives to be green (Nike, Inc report, 2012). The food industry continually experiences amazing innovations making it difficult for any food company to survive in the market. As a result, MacDonald’s restaurants restructured their competitive strategy focusing it on innovations and creativity. MacDonald’s restaurants continually introduce various novelties making the chain one of the international corporations that continues to drive innovation in the fast food industry (Cramer, 2009). Some of the innovations are advertised well while others are designed in the manner that customers and even competitors cannot notice. For instance, due to rampant unemployment, MacDonald’s was unable to make enormous profits from 2007 to 2009 (Cramer, 2009). This made the organization change its strategy by introducing an innovative breakfast version of its dollar menu to attract more customers. This implies that MacDonald’s has positioned itself in the market through technol