ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle is a powerful model that encourages people to think critically and systematically about their experiences, specific events and occurrences. This approach makes it easier for them to identify the major causal factors and adjust their actions or behaviours accordingly. This model also supports the concept of lifelong learning. The purpose of this paper is to apply Gibbs framework to an incident that happened in midwifery practice. Description of the Incident The selected scenario for this discussion revolves around educating pregnant women about the importance of getting vitamins and iron supplements. The background of this incident is that a specific woman gave birth to a child with extremely low weight. The baby developed breathing problems and was immediately diagnosed with infant respiratory distress syndrome. This kind of medical condition occurs when an individual has immature lungs (Hassmiller & Reinhard, 2015). Unfortunately, this newborn baby died two days after birth. A detailed inquiry into this happening revealed that the mother was not taking the recommended supplements during her pregnancy. This example was a clear indication that many women were not taking the issue of nutrition into consideration, thereby exposing themselves and their unborn babies to numerous health challenges or risks. Application of Gibbs’ Cycle and Discussion Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle is an evidence-based self-reflection tool that can help people to examine their experiences and identify new measures for improving them and acquiring additional ideas (see Figure 1). This framework has become essential in the fields of nursing and healthcare delivery (Doolen, 2017). It encourages people to identify both the negative and positive aspects of any given eventuality and learn from it. Figure 1: Gibbs’ Cycle of Reflection (Wain, 2017). Description During the first stage, the involved individual will give a detailed description of the event without presenting any conclusions or personal insights (see Figure 1). The presented incident occurred when a newborn baby died two days later due to a respiratory condition triggered by or associated with low birth weight (Doolen, 2017). Those involved provided adequate support to the baby after birth and the mother. All caregivers, practitioners, physicians and midwives were part of the process to ensure that the child received adequate oxygen. Feelings As part of the team involved in the midwifery process, I was moved by this event and sympathised with both the baby and the mother. I felt traumatised since such an incident could have been controlled or prevented. This becomes a learning point for all pregnant women and every person planning to have a child (Hassmiller & Reinhard, 2015). My teammates, the mother’s family members and clinicians were unhappy because of this loss. They still maintained that such an event could have been avoided. Evaluation This midwifery incident occurred because the targeted woman had not appreciated the importance of vitamin and iron supplements during pregnancy. However, all par
Introduction In the 21 st century, the ability of organizations to surmount the myriad of challenges that exist will sorely depend on how they are able to transform their processes to be in harmony with a host of fundamental variables such as technological advances, redefined values, cutthroat competition, and uneven customer demands. Assiduous and conscientious managers must always critically analyze the market trends and have the right kind of information at their fingertips if they are to capture the opportunities for growth (Morgan, 2008). It should be within the realm of understanding of such managers that, not only does proper understanding of market trends and organizational frameworks dictates the business strategy, but it also dictates the success or failure of the organization since a well implemented business strategy results in success (Poole et al, 2000). This paper aims to critically evaluate how Harley-Davidson strategy of transformation dictated its success in a tumultuous and almost saturated motorcycle market. The idea to establish Harley-Davidson was envisaged in 1903 by three entrepreneurs, Arthur Davidson, Walter Davidson, and William Harley. Since then, the company has experienced a lot of challenges, but has been able to safely navigate its way to its present state. Harley-Davidson achieved tremendous growth during the decades following its inception, becoming the world’s leading motorcycle company in 1918 after it produced and sold 28,000 motorcycles (Nolan & Kotha, 2007). During the early phases of its existence, the company was also known for its innovative ideas and value-added products. But overall, the business environment has not been any rosier for the motorcycle giant, especially after Japanese motorcycle makers penetrated the American market. The Japanese companies, namely Yamaha, Honda, Suzuki, and Kawasaki, came up with efficient business strategies that left Harley-Davidson with no choice other than to transform its processes. Harley-Davidson Transformation Process Before evaluating the Harley’s transformation process, it is imperative to note that change is inevitable in any organization, and it heralds the transformation process (Sushil & Rifkin, 2010). This significant process, however, must be handled with diligence and professionalism for it can work against the strengths, objectives, and capabilities of an organization if mishandled, often resulting in eventual collapse of the entity. In equal measure, lack of cognizant and well synchronized efforts in ascertaining which business strategy needs to be preserved and further managed to influence the change process have been accused of not only returning low levels of change success within the organization, but also for initiating deficiencies in effective strategy development and implementation (Kotter, 1996). Such a scenario happened to Harley-Davidson in 1965 when the company was acquired by
The medical system in Canada is governed by political aspects related to economic globalization. The situation is compounded by growing inequality, which is shifting responsibility towards the provinces. If the direction is not changed, there will be a continued increase in discrimination by social class, gender, and ethnic group. However, some argue that the crisis in allopathic care can have a positive impact on public health. The topic is controversial since there are considerable differences in life expectancy at birth, which are affected by globalization, and they can be corrected by revising health care policies. Differences in life expectancy around the world happen because of environmental influences. It includes social, economic, ethnic, and geographic factors that are seen in Africans. OECD countries have the highest life expectancy, while Africa has the lowest (Clarke, 2016). It affects residents’ overall life expectancy, especially children; their immunity is not yet strong. Many factors affect life expectancy; therefore, the government’s policy and medical management in developing countries must be revised. Globalization occurs because of migration, which brings with it the spread of various diseases. For example, tourists in Africa can bring diseases there that cannot be cured locally. In this region, unsanitary conditions prevail; therefore, there is a high probability of infection during surgery. The free movement of people around the world opens up not only opportunities to get acquainted with a foreign culture but can bring negative consequences to the health of residents. The solution to the problem is to rethink health service delivery policies and funding sectors. For example, introducing insurance like in the UK will allow people to receive decent help from the state (Clarke, 2016). The alternative is to disseminate a health plan, a nationalized, government-run system that provides universal coverage. Such a policy will cover medical needs, excluding cosmetic surgeries. Global changes should begin with analytics and the search for opportunities for improvement on the part of the state. Globalization affects life expectancy; therefore, the healthcare system needs to be revised. The environment, growing discrimination, and shifting responsibility to provincial health facilities drive fragmented survival rates. In developing countries, it is impossible to cure several diseases that affect children and lead to death. The solution to the problem is to revise health policy at the state level, taking the experience of the UK as an example. Reference Clarke, J. N. (2016). Health, illness, and medicine in Canada (7th ed.). England, UK: Oxford University Press.
Crises may occur under a wide variety of circumstances; therefore, crisis intervention strategies are equally variable. Taking into consideration the fact that counselling is an evidence-based approach to helping clients change their maladaptive behaviors to productive ones, counselors must be able to quickly recognize faulty perceptions of the people seeking help in order to provide them with effective strategies for dealing with acute stressor events (Kottler & Shepard, 2014). The aim of this paper is to explore, dynamic interactions between the following elements in the crisis intervention: a counselling professional, a client, and ecological-cultural determinants. The paper will also examine the role of empathy and collaborative efforts in the counseling practice. Analysis Empathy is an essential component of the therapeutic relationships that facilitates the development of a favorable environment for change. The concept of empathy is used to describe “the ability of the counselor to truly understand the client from within the client’s perspective” (Kottler & Shepard, 2014, p. 114). Unlike sympathy, which is utilized for a demonstration of concern for clients’ pain, empathy is necessary for making an objective analysis of their statements (Kottler & Shepard, 2014). From this vantage point, it is possible to recognize two levels of empathy—primary and advanced accurate empathy. Primary-level empathy is based on the communication of the basic counselor’s responses to a client’s statements, whereas advanced-level empathy refers to the communication of deep insights into a client’s experience, which is beyond their own awareness (Kottler & Shepard, 2014). Feelings of disconnection and hurt, which arise as a result of incorrect interpretation of a client’s inner experiences, may become barriers to the development of empathy. In order to overcome this and other barriers, a good counsellor should immediately apologize for their mistakes. Crisis intervention theory recognizes that in
Introduction Robert Nozick is an American philosopher, widely known primarily as the researcher of the problems of political philosophy. A wide range of philosophical problems was included in the sphere of Nozick’s research interests. It is evidenced by the thematic perspective of the works published by him, in which the results of research in such fields as epistemology, metaphysics, the philosophy of consciousness, axiology, and ethics are presented. The author paid special attention to the conditions of knowledge and considered this issue from different points of view. To determine the specifics of Nozick’s theories and compare his ideas with other trends, it is necessary to disclose the meaning of the conditions formulated by him and to highlight the main aspects. Robert Nozick’s Reliabilist Account of Knowledge Bernecker notes that that the knowledge of Nozick is real, i.e. it is the actualization of a certain epistemic state adequately expressed by the formula “ S knows that p .” (15). Here, a number of several conditions must be observed, for example, p is true, S believes that p ., etc. Moreover, Nozick finds rational arguments in favor of the fact that the condition of ways and methods can be leveled. He admits the possibility of weakening the principle of indicating ways and methods of forming beliefs. Also, the proceeds from the premise that the basic conditions of knowledge are intuitively understandable. These conditions are quite definite and sufficient in their original formulation, which allows managing without a methodological specification until a certain moment. The author pays special attention to the Subjunctive Mood and gives various examples of how certain time frames affect the perception of specific situations relying on this grammatical definition. In his article, Bernecker notes that statements fixed by sentences having a conditional-subjunctive form can not be regarded as truth-functional entities (22). One of such examples is a controversial statement about Lee Harvey Oswald and the Kennedy assassination. Depending on the form in which the mood is viewed, it can be perceived in different ways, and different conclusions can be made. Therefore, this position has become widespread in the philosophical environment and remains the subject of research by scientists. Nozick’s Variation Condition and Gettier Cases One of the rather well-known philosophical theories is the problem of Gettier, or, as it is also called, the problem of neutralizing the positions of skepticism. Its essence is that in order to determine whether certain beliefs have the status of knowledge, a person should make sure of their truth. Bernecker cites Nozick’s theory, where the definition of knowledge as a true and well-founded belief turns out to be untenable in a number of cases (16). The introduction of the various
Introduction Drew Hayden Taylor is a playwright, writer, and filmmaker whose work has wondrous healing capacity as he touches on matters about politics, mixed dating, smut as well as land arrogates. Using humor, Taylor proportions portrayals of indigenous experiences by the use of humor. In his film “Redskins, Tricksters, and Puppy Stew”, he makes a detailed record of various indigenous comics whose witticism mends through circulating atrocious accounts and availing moral and psychological support for communities. In Me Funny, Taylor satirizes political correctness. He makes climacteric issues more toothsome and naturalistic by having humor as a part. This essay looks at the classical theories that could be applied to aboriginal joking while touching on the functions of joking, comedy as serious, and the analysis of a joke. Main text Humour has been an all-important constituent of North American aboriginal culture at all times. This fact stayed unperceived by most colonists, however, in the past non-aborigines did not get the joke. Taylor makes use of humor in his writings to inform and instruct the readers. It informs us of the period of colonization and oppression of the prisoners who were kept by the colonialists. It asserts the truth and stereotype of the Indian paradigm from all perspectives. Moreover, by using jokes, Taylor brings healing effects regarding the cultures, identities, and languages of the native people. Humour keeps them sane and gives them power as well as privacy by sharing their heritage of survival. Through the use of jokes and teasing, a feeling of being worth is created, thus healing the person. Aboriginal humor has traditionally been brushed aside or disregarded but the use of stand-up comedy in joking provides enlightening contributions as it reveals the idiosyncrasies of ordinary people in ordinary situations. A comedian, therefore, has to be careful when making a joke as there has to be credence of the formula. There has to be a punch line. A joke is a sort of aggressive rational bait through which one has to be careful as what they expect might turn up to be the opposite and the price of it may be humiliation. Therefore, comedy is serious business as a comedian always deals with controversial issues and if not careful may negate the setup and people might not like it. Comedy is a style of gaining recognition. It is a way of opening up a dialogue, and hence it has limits. An example of a land claim joke in Taylor’s writings (2005) is “I’m an aboriginal citizen living in Canada. And I just want to say to you, on behalf of all of us: We love what you’ve done with the place.” (54). A joke like this in aboriginal culture is important but not fundamental. This joke deflates the pompousness and reveals the misery and the political faults. It is ironic as it uses humor to subvert the society of the whites and counter colonization and stereotypes. Such a joke sounds as though the native people were fighting with the foreign-born. Conclusion The integration of humor creates entertainment and brings harmony amongst di
Illicit drug use remains a persistent problem in American society. However, despite a variety of data collection methods being available, none can provide comprehensive information on drug use among different populations in the country on their own. This essay will discuss one of the information collection systems, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), its weaknesses, and how they can be strengthened. NSDUH is currently the most thorough drug data collection survey in the United States. According to Goode (2015), the survey’s findings are highly dependable, especially among the adult population. NSDUH can be argued to be the most reliable collection method as it allows for the gathering of data from different populations as participants are selected at random (NSDUH, 2021). Its main weaknesses are failure to account for homeless people and people residing in correctional or long-term medical facilities. In addition, the data collected from adolescents cannot always be relied upon as adults are often present when they answer the survey questions (Goode, 2015). The random selection procedure can include homeless shelters and their residents and penal institutions to address these weaknesses. However, it is imperative to ensure the confidentiality of responses and adjust the survey format to achieve it. Furthermore, it is recommended to change the format for the adolescents to ensure their answers are not affected by the presence of an adult. Overall, addressing the lack of representation of the marginalized population in the survey and guaranteeing privacy for adolescent participants will help make NSDUH more reliable. In summary, it is imperative to collect accurate data on drug use among different populations and communities in the United States to adequately and competently address the problem. Although the NSDUH survey is exceptionally reliable, it would benefit from ensuring more diverse populations are included to illustrate varied illicit drug and alcohol abuse tendencies. Addressing these weaknesses will result in more exhaustive data collection and knowledge of drug use in the country.
Many people fear the idea of filtering for the fact that it can be used to withhold vital information necessary for gauging the accountability of governments. However, that is not the case, since filtering the internet helps in harboring criminal activities. This is because security is important to everyone and every government has the responsibility of ensuring that no room remains for groups such as internet frauds to infringe its security. Being that the internet platform is a hub for intellectual material, without filtering, many people get exposure to material of high content and misuse such material (Sturges 2008 p.4-23). Some of the materials may be of high sensitivity to the government and open exposure to the public provides unrealistic access to matters of security importance. When a government decides to hold information of security importance, it is upon citizens to understand that there are so many people out there looking for that information. The problem is that they need such information for personal interests and can end up damaging the reputation of the country. The issue of keeping of information by governments does not hold because as the government leaves the internet open to no filtering, it only protects the rights of a few individuals. If it decides to filter information, it takes the interest of the entire country into consideration and works towards ensuring the safety of its entire population. That makes internet filtering essential to any government and should the Australian government decide to censor information passing through its web space, it is only carrying out its responsibility of ensuring that its information does not leak to wrong hands (Beattie 2009 p. 64). It is important noting that without internet filtering, decision making becomes a problem to consumers because marketers manipulate their thinking. They present products in terms of attractiveness and that alters the process of product search (Sahoo, Param Vir & Mukhopadhyay 2012 p.1329-A4). Filtering helps by presenting the chance for consumers to find the best alternatives to look out for instead of going for predetermined sets, which may not give them the desired satisfaction. The decisions for searching for products becomes from informed choice making instead of imposed decisions following the overwhelming scenarios of the cases where there is nofiltering on the internet. It is important noting that filtering presents consumers with the chance of assessing product and service alternatives they have from the given recommendations. Their search decisions become informed and that gives them a comparison benefit for getting the best products in the market. In addition, internet filterin