ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Compare and contrast political settings (major events) of both countries, China and Japan, in conjunction with analyses of their economic performances using following sources only. The comparison of Chinese and Japanese economic development is a difficult task taking into consideration different political paths these societies chose in the 20-th century. To understand the evolution of Chinese and Japanese economies why should pay particular attention to structural impact of political institutions and process on economic policies. Unlike Japan which in the end of the 19 th century was completely isolated society, China became the object of colonial expansion of the world’s major imperial powers such as British and French empires, Portugal, Germany and later the United States. There is no denying the importance of the fact that this had negative effect on the development of Chinese economy and modernization of industrial and financial base. Being the raw material source for the dominant empires, China quickly transformed from feudal superpower to capitalist periphery with no prospects of development. Of course, this can’t help but affect class inequality within Chinese society and underdevelopment of the major spheres of economy. In contrast Japan took dynamic direction of industrialization after Muzuhito reforms in the late 19 century which led to opening to foreign trade, investments which transformed Japan in the growing centre of the global economy. In the beginning of 20 th century, economic development of Japan led to significant development of all major branches of 19 th century economy – metallurgy, industrial manufacturing, shipbuilding etc. which formed rising capitalist class. It used these economic advantages as a tool for spinning off imperial quest for new markets which led to Chinese participation as aggressor in two World Wars. Japanese economy as Chinese was devastated as a result of these wars, however Japanese economy managed to achieve advantages from strategic alliance with American state which provided it its investments, loans, know-how in exchange to geopolitical loyalty and military satellite position. New approaches that developed in Japanese economy paying much attention to investments, social guarantees and effective utilization of sophisticated technology resulted in Japan becoming the leading the second largest economy after the United States. Japan became financial centre with Tokyo stock exchange as the Asian leading financial platform (Katz, 2002). China also saw rapid modernization as a result of socialist program of industrial development started after the Communist revolution in this country (Grasso, 2004). Its results were significant. An important change of economic program in China began after Chinese communist party decided to introduce capitalist relations in this country under General Secretary Den. Following 80 th market reforms in China and strengthening globalization China quickly trans
The topic of the legalization of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has been broadly discussed for many years, and still, there is no commonly accepted opinion about it. Depending on the legislation of each country, the regulation of THC use is handled differently. Some states oppose any form of marijuana usage; others encourage it. For example, in Texas, cannabis is illegal for recreational use. Nevertheless, according to the Drug Policy Alliance (2021), more public support for marijuana legalization than ever before, with polls showing that more than half of the population supports it. There are many benefits of the legalization of THC for the economics, government, and citizens. Those benefits can improve many aspects of people’s lives, including their health, income, and relationships between different social classes. Less Harm to the Health The damaging effect of cannabis is smaller than the authorized alcohol and cigarettes. However, they cause cancer, heart disappointment, liver harm, and more. According to the CDC (2018), six individuals pass from liquor harming each day, and 88,000 individuals every year due to intemperate liquor utilization within the Joined together States. There are no recorded cases of passing from a marijuana overdose. Three to four times as numerous Americans are subordinate on liquor as on marijuana. A national survey found that individuals see tobacco as a more prominent danger to wellbeing than pot by an edge of four to one (76% vs. 18%), and 72% of individuals studied accepted that customary utilize of liquor was more perilous than cannabis usage (CDC, 2018). Economic Benefits: Job Opportunities and Income Legalizing THC might significantly impact state economies and generate significant revenue for both the states and federal governments. People should set up cannabis nurseries and dispensaries as the primary step for the states that voted in favor of restorative cannabis. Legalizing recreational cannabis within the state seems to bolster over 41,000 employments until 2024 and create over $1.7 billion in labor pay (Hudak, 2016). These jobs would probably originate from the fast-developing industries in the country. Specialists would be required to cultivate, prepare, convey, and offer marijuana-based items. These might incorporate program engineers, financing administrations, development companies, and numerous others. Economic Benefits: Saving Money When evaluating the financial advantages of lawful cannabis, it is essential to evaluate how much money may be spent and how much income is generated by this handle. As of now, the government marijuana requirement costs a few billion dollars per year. If national marijuana is legalized, the expenses will probably decrease consi
Maya Angelou’s poem On the Pulse of Morning is a portrayal of the necessary change that America as a country needs and that Americans as individuals have to facilitate. Angelou is somewhat optimistic or, perhaps, hopeful about the future. The world was changing, and the opportunities were endless, yet there was a sense of stagnancy that Angelou sensed and referred to in her speech. The author was especially focused on the American sense of nationality (Angelou). Angelou did not see how people who came to this land and encountered injustice on multiple levels still did not have the privilege to call themselves American. This was the author’s reflection upon the identity of “hyphenated Americans” in the 90s, which was especially highlighted compared to liberty and open-mindedness in other developed countries. Angelou’s poem was, in a way, prophetic since the 44 th president became Barak Obama. In his inauguration speech, Obama suggested that the inherent Americanism that persists in the country is the incredible ability to change. (The White House). A short time has passed between the Civil Rights movement and today, yet America has completely changed. Thus, Americanism is illustrated as flexibility and the constant movement of the country towards a direction that people w
Introduction In his novel, “Heart of Darkness”, Joseph Conrad uses Marlow as the protagonist and at the same time authenticates his dynamic character. Marlow is an introspective youth in his early thirties. As an adventurous British man, he ends up in Congo, Africa, where he learns that darkness, evilness, and exploitation are some of the chief qualities of the human heart and the world. Through interaction with Kurtz, Conrad explicitly discusses Marlow as a round character. Although he is a philosophic wise man, the thrilled experience in Africa forces Marlow to take a different course in terms of his character. By featuring Marlow, Conrad proves the dynamism of the human character as expounded next. The analysis of Marlow’s character Marlow is a curious and at the same time a skeptic man. Initially, his curiosity propels him to explore Africa where he lands in Congo. According to Marlow, Africa is a dark and civilized continent that is why he prefers England. He is so skeptic about Africa that he describes it as a “God-forsaken wilderness (Conrad 73). Nevertheless, he still goes ahead and sets out on a journey to the “dark continent” Africa (Conrad 65). Furthermore, he never adheres to any remarks said by either his aunt or friends. He tends to filter out all the seemingly satisfactory remarks by the manager and brick maker. When he sets his foot in Africa, he does not like whatever he sees. Ranging from the lifestyle to the people, he instantly hates Africa. Nevertheless, he has to forge on for his survival. Although he passes for an intelligent, eloquent, and philosophic person, the hardships and personal relationships with other people at the ivory company turns him into a sensitive and resentful man. On arrival in Africa, Marlow becomes fascinated and thrilled by the primitiveness of the people and their lifestyle. His main aim is to meet Mr. Kurtz whom he eventually encounters. Comparing the horrifying life of Africa with the luxurious life in England, he wonders why people like Kurtz are so passionate about money and power. According to Marlow, virtuous life is celebrated than earning a few extra coins in a world filled with danger. More over, the encounter with Kurtz makes him resentful when he declares, “he is no idol of mine” (Conrad 90). Kurtz had not only brainwashed the natives as a superior human being, but he had also turned them in
Businesses are affected by internal and external factors; to attain competitive in contemporary business era, business leaders need to manage their internal and external environments effectively. An understanding of prevailing business environment is crucial to make responsive business strategies that effectively address challenges facing an organization (Fred, 2008). This paper undertakes a PEST analysis on Italian restaurants in London. Politics It is through some political formation that rules and regulations are made in an economy; the government sets rules that should be adhered to by all businesses operating in the economy. Some of these rules may work for the benefit of the hospitality industry and some for the worse. An example of political situation is when the country is undertaking national elections; during this time the hospitality industry mostly one that depends on tourists is negatively affected. The flow of Italians in the country is reduced creating a shortage of business in the restaurants. When the country is calm and political decisions favor the flow of international trade, there is high chance of Italians visiting the country and creating business for the hotels (Haberbeg and Rieple, 2001). Social Modern societies have continued to adopt new systems and styles of living, there are high levels of culture diffusion as people trade and interact. With the situation, there has been the emergence of social classes that can try other nations or cultures foods. With this notion, there are an increasing number of non Italians who are trying Italian foods; this is working for the benefit of Italian hotels in London (Jackson, 2002). Technology In modern civilized worlds, there has been the development of technology systems to undertake various activities in business sectors. For instance processes have been made simple and effective with the use of computers and other technologies. The United Kingdom is one of the nations with high level of technological developments, with this state Italian countries operating in the country benefit from low cost of operation that in turn lead to high profits. London is a metropolitan state, this means that Italian restaurants operating in the state have higher tendency of getting Italian customers than those operating in other states. The strategic position of the city is to the advantage of Italian restaurants as accessibility is easy, this is further accelerated by good transport and communication systems in the state (Borkowski, 2009). Economical situation United Kingdom is one of the world richest countries, the country has reliable infrastructures and the living standards of the people are relatively high compared with other nations. The country has continued to have positive economic development with much emphasis placed on improvement o
The rise of nationalism in china can be viewed to be unique in its respect. This nationalism has been characterized by several distinct features which have been demonstrated in several ways. The rise of nationalism has taken another dimension from that which existed in the past. Conscious definition of the new nationalists unlike the liberal ones of the 1980s.These nationalists are not in tandem with those of the 1980s whom they claim their times were full of radicalism and Romanism. They claim to be more realistic with their programmatic principles in their time. That they are the advocates of order and stability in society. They believe in Confucianism is characteristic of nationalism in China. The supremacy of pride in Confucianism civilization is present in the nationalists in China. This ideology seems not to be limiting nationalism but it forms the basis for the rising nationalism in China. The rise of Confucianism has come about due to the collapse of communism and most nationalists evince this ideology in their political works. In the international arena, Chinese nationalism has experienced insecurity. The rivalry between China and Japan is still evident with nationalists describing Japan as a paradigmatic enemy. The foreign main cause a lot of anxiety in most Chinese nationalists. In China’s nationalism, there is a reemergence of a feeling that China is like a sexually violated woman. The blame is adversely put on the Whiteman And the Americans. This shows that the nationalists in China are not on good diplomatic terms with the Americans for what they believe is an assault with the Chinese and have exploited her. Instances such as the Belgrade bombing are a clear indication of growing self-esteem in the nationalism of china. Chinese nationalists have tended to differ in ideology concerning the issue of what ideology and policies would make china a very strong nation. The issue of foreign policy and international relations with the world powers has also been an issue of contention between the nationalists. Nationalism in china has managed to manifest itself in several ways and this is significant in the sense that ideological diversity has been greatly enhanced in the country. Such diversity has contributed towards the responsiveness to both local and foreign events in the country. Most of the efforts of the current Chinese nationalism is the focus on reunification of the mainland to Taiwan. There has been a consensus with the current crop of nationalists on mai
Discuss how the principle of job design and reinforcement theory apply to the performance problems at the Hovey and Beard Company The process of making a decision regarding tasks and authority of individual employees is known as job design. It is the role of company managers to determine the roles and responsibilities of each employee. The methodology of executing a particular task should also be decided by managers. Moreover, managers should be in a position to understand the nature of their employees especially in terms of ability at workplace. Job design assists job seekers to understand the requirements of each job even before they apply for respective positions. The reward system is also included in a job design theory. In the overall, job design assists organizations to hire the most suitable employees in different departments (Keynes, 2007). On the other hand, the reinforcement theory largely deals with curbing the impacts of certain behavioral patterns. Any form of behavior that an organization does not desire can be dealt with through punishment or reinforcement. The latter explains the situation at the Hovey and Beard Company when the management agreed to implement the learning bonus as well as the reward system based on performance. Employees are motivated by this method. Therefore, the behavior of painters was shaped through the reinforcement theory and the job design criteria that was provided to them earlier (Gareth, 2004). Before the changes were implemented, the painters were too slow in the process of managing the hooks. Some hooks were even going empty. Henc
Introduction The Company This HRM recruitment portfolio has been developed for Huawei Technologies for the position of Senior WiMax Planning Engineer in its Basingstoke, UK office. The company is “a multinational telecommunication and information technology equipment and services company headquartered in Shenzhen China” (Huawei, 2011). It is the largest supplier of equipment used in networking and telecommunication in China and the second largest supplier of such equipment globally. It was founded in 1988 and is mainly owned by its employees alongside external investors. Huawei’s core business activities include research and development in the field of telecommunication (Huawei, 2011). It manufactures and sells various equipments that are used in the provision of telecommunication services. Finally, it offers “customized network services to telecom carriers” (Huawei, 2011). Currently, Huawei serves 90% of the top 50 telecoms operators in the global telecommunication industry. In 2010, the company realized a net profit of US$ 3.64 billion (Huawei, 2011). The 2010 results reflected a 30% increase in profitability from the previous financial period. The firm normally channels at least 10 percent of its net profits to research and development in various parts of the world (Huawei, 2011). Due to its excellent financial performance, Huawei has been able to expand to various countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and America. The Position The job to be analyzed is titled, ‘Senior WiMax Planning Engineer’. WiMax technology is “a family of telecommunication protocols that provide fixed and mobile/ wireless internet access” (Huawei, 2011). The use of WiMax technology calls for the design implementation and maintenance of communication n
Overview The process through which living things grow and develop has remained fascinating throughout human history. Several scholars and researchers have invested their time and resources in unraveling mysteries surrounding this phenomenon. In general, developmental biology refers to the manner in which living organisms grow and develop. Currently, this branch of biology mainly studies differentiation and cell growth which result in tissues, anatomy, and organs. This term paper analyses two articles with double emphasis on how they advance developmental biology. Article 1: introduction Changes in developmental genes usually result in morphology with no causal effects identified. This article shows how functions of several enhancers have evolved via nucleotide replacement which interfered with the level of svb manifestation and timing. After the effects of nucleotide substitution had been quantified, it was discovered that almost every substitution had a phenotypic impact with most nucleotide changes playing a pivotal role. Additionally, these substitutions did not demonstrate non-additive effects. It is important to note that little is known concerning the genetic mechanism of morphological evolution. Studies with a comparative approach show that variation in heterochrony, heterotopy, and gene expression level cause significant morphological evolution. Nevertheless, no information about DNA changes has been unearthed to help in the understanding of these morphological changes (Frankel et al. 598). The following segments give factual information and discussion about molecular deviations in several transcriptional enhancers and how these have augmented developmental biology. Discussion Due to the differentiation of most epidermal cells in organisms, Drosophila melanogaster larvae are structured in a complex pattern. According to researchers, the dorsolateral epidermis differentiates into quaternary trichomes like D. melanogaster and in other species. Additionally, D. sechellia changes into smooth cuticles as compared to the above-mentioned trichomes (Frankel et al. 598). This is caused by the evolution of some of the regions of the svb gene as illustrated in figure 1c. Similarly, svb enhancer evolves by changes in level and timing. This is augmented by the strengthening of patterns and the increase in the number of lateral cells that are crucial for the process to be successful. Due to the absence of svb messenger RNA, certain embryos like mel-E10 manifestation remain common in most lateral and dorsal cells. As a result, there is higher production of mRNA in later stages of embryo development. The implication of this fact is that D. sechellia E10 has an impact in the late stages
Introduction The inherent problem with the concept of overpopulation is the fact that the finite resources available on Earth cannot hope to support the potentially infinite expansion of humanity. The Earth itself is a closed off ecosystem with no resources entering into it, as such its surface can only support a certain population of species, both human and animal alike, before the ecosystem inevitably collapses in on itself as a result of a severe strain on the planet’s natural and ecological resources. It is based on this that when it comes to the threat of overpopulation as a challenge to management’s ethos of mass-production and mass-consumption, the problem lies in the fact that the ethos of companies at the present promote the overconsumption of resources instead of advocating for resource conservation and population controls. Understanding Overpopulation In her article explaining the repercussions of overpopulation Kuo (2012) explains that in 1965 the global population stood at a mere 3.3 billion people who collectively taxed the Earth’s resources to only 70 percent of its bio-capacity. This means that only 7/10 of the land, water, and air the planet could regenerate or repair yearly to produce various life sustaining products was consumed as well as its ability to absorb greenhouse gas emissions (Kuo 2012, p. 23-32). Unfortunately the rapid expansion of the global population following the period of the 1960s resulted in humanity consuming more resources than the planet could replenish resulting in the present day conditions wherein 6.8 billion people are consuming the equivalent of 1.4 Earth’s (Kuo 2012, p. 23-32). Company Culture and the Isolation of Corporations from Society One of the most interesting concepts that I have learned from the course so far is that of the GooglePlex which can be roughly described as a self-contained environment that acts as both a work place as well as an environment that helps to develop and foster creative ideas and concepts. Examples of this can be seen in the “campus style” complexes that Apple Inc. and AOL (America Online) have built for their employees within Silicon Valley which act as isolated environments from the outside world with their own restaurants, meeting areas, sports facilities etc. This trend in which an office spaces facilitate creativity and the development of new concepts can similarly be seen in the offices of Disney Pixar, Adidas (Shanghai) and Kellogg’s (Madrid) wherein they have large open spaces, comfortable offices and meeting areas, beautifully manufactured lawns and landscapes, aesthetically pleasing furniture as well as have a general feel of modernity, comfort and most important of all “space”. As explained by Willets (2011), the current trend in office development for several of today’s Fortune 500 companies is to make the environment less like an office meant purely for work. Instead, psychological concepts related to relaxing and pleasing colors, openness, and comfort are applied