ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Explosion Suppression Explosion protection is one of the most complicated areas of safety provision, partially because of the numerous sources that can lead to an explosion, and partially due to the massive effects that an explosion leads to, especially in a building. Therefore, the use of explosion suppression systems is essential for ensuring that specific premises are completely safe and ready for use. However, ensuring that the latest technology should be used for explosion suppression is not enough; since human factor plays a major role in most of the accidents related to explosion, it is important that the staff should be properly instructed on the issues concerning the mechanism and use of explosion suppression systems. Discussion: The Potential Threats and the Means to Avoid Them The given issue is especially peculiar when taking a closer look at the way in which the staff uses the diagrams and schemes displayed in the SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering (2002). As the existing rules say, it is crucial to locate the diagram that displays the required data. For instance, a flammability diagram can show the regions that are relatively hazardous and can possibly lead to combustion and the further explosion. Thus, it can be assumed that in case of an explosion compression system being under consideration, the employees should consider the areas that are the most flammable, i.e., the areas where combustible or flammable material is stored, or the ones composed of such material. Another obvious solution that can possibly help is the improvement the personnel’s knowledge of the explosion suppression system. For instance, it is essential that the staff should know about the sequence of the suppressed explosion. As long as the personnel has the entire procedure from the ignition of the combustible mixture to the halt of the suppression system (Gagnon, 2007, 223), in their memory, the process of preventing the possible explosion can be driven to perfection. Finally, it must be assured that the agent of the explosion suppression used by the personnel should be fully compatible with the environment in which the device is being used. Otherwise, the explosion suppression system used can easily backfire and lead to even more destruction. The given issue is especially important if there are flammable or combustible materials in the vicinity of the area in question. Speaking of the explosion suppression system agent, it should be chosen wisely not only because of its potential danger when reacts with the environment in which it is being used, but also because the personnel should be instructed on the specifics of the given agent. As Gagnon states, “The position of personnel in proximity to a vessel that could undergo rupture could be the determining factor in selecting an explosion suppression system” (Gagnon, 2007, 222). Therefore, the personnel must be instructed on the means to handle the provided agent, while the latter must be chosen based on the specifics of the area under discussion. Conclusion: Caution and Efficiency With
Goals and Objectives The health of human binges depends on the fluids, beverages, and foods they consume. This marketing strategy seeks to introduce healthy food products such as low-fat milk and whole-grain carbohydrates. The project will educate people in the society about the importance of positive health practices and proper dietary intakes. Main Goal The main goal behind this marketing project is to increase the consumption of low-fat milk and whole-grain carbohydrate sources. Measurable Objectives  1. To educate over 80 percent of the targeted population about these foods and has access to low-fat milk and whole grains.  2. The second objective is to educate the population about the importance of low-fat milk and whole grains within the first six months.  3. The third one is to introduce new sources of whole-grain carbohydrates and low-fat milk in the market.  4. The fourth is to market these foods to the targeted customers. Selected Audience The targeted audience mainly includes parents who have small children and teenagers. These groups can benefit the most from these products and teachings. The marketing project will also target adults and senior citizens. From this discussion, it is clear that the marketing strategy will make it easier to inform more individuals in the society about this project. Core Strategy and Evaluation A proper marketing should have the best core strategy in order to be successful. The first thing to consider during the marketing process is “price”. The marketers will educate more people about the importance of proper dietary intake and health practices. They will also avail these products to them at a cheaper price. The customers will also have to reduce most of their medical bills and expenditures because of better health practices. The other aspect of the core strategy is “product”. This marketing strategy will introduce two “products” in the market. The first one is “behavioral change” whereby the marketers will encourage the targeted audience to embrace the consumption of whole grain
Traders & Leadership Styles A transaction leader is considered to value the provisions of the order and organizational structure mainly. Such leaders can mostly be found in organizations that follow strict adherence to the chain of command and given commands. They are primarily in charge of military operations, large companies, and international projects. They thrive in giving specific directions meant to meet the set target, thereby achieving the business’s objective at any particular time (Ma & Jiang, 2018). Thus, this leadership style must use a leader who is motivated to provide the specific outcome at the required time without delay. These leaders have short-term goals, such as a mission to eliminate a particular threat from their location. Therefore, by following strict rules as they are, transactional leaders do not have time to initiate change or innovate their approaches to become more flexible. Vince Lombardi Vince Lombardi was a successful coach who led the Green Bay Packer to win several NFL championships before he died in 1970. Due to his leadership skills and achievement, most businesses have continued to use some of his principles, including the role of guarding an individual’s thoughts as they transform to become characters. Vince Lombardi is one of the most renowned world leaders, characterized by the transactional leadership style. He was also known as the best NFL coach, who led the Green Bay Packers into winning five NFL championships. He was a dedicated leader who pushed his teams to extraordinary levels of attainments. Lombardi believed that it was possible to attain excellence by continuously following after perfection. Furthermore, he was a believer in the connected process, where he indicated that thoughts became beliefs, beliefs became words, words became actions, actions became habits, and habits became the character. He also believed in collective effort, which is currently used by most businesses in forming successful teams (Martino, 2019). Furthermore, he believed that leaders are made and not born, indicating the essence of training to become better equipped to handle various company operations. According to Martino (2019), Lombardi’s approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR) was through drawing most players from the local communities, thus giving them livelihoods. Personality tests The Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator is one of the most renowned personality tests an individual can use to assess one’s leadership journey. One must understand their personality first before determining their leadership style (Lake et al., 2019). Thus, using this approach would be easier to understand Vinci Lombardi’s traits, therefore understanding the kind of leadership style he can most likely exhibit. It is also crucial to note that since the adopted method is broad
The technology played a very vital role in shaping organizations. The technology had its impacts on organizations from the beginning of the management concepts. Models that Impacted Technological Innovation The evolution of the technology has been a reflection of various models and theories. The various models are comprised of multiple analogies and principles that have been developed to increase performance, productivity and organizational behavior. These eras consist of foundational and modern philosophies that have been used. Fredrick Taylor suggested that human behavior could improve efficiency through a variety of management methods. Taylor explained how the concepts or an organization’s utilized concepts of bureaucracy and defined tasks (Wren, 2005). The Democratic style is more participative in a structured type approach. This type of style fosters group participation and collaboration. Supervision is minimal as each individual is responsible for himself or herself which affects the success or failures of the group. The democratic style inspires and guides individuals to be accountable and responsible for their behavior. This style made it easier to embrace technological innovation and the Laissez-Faire style was style that enabled groups to be self-directed with very few limitations. It is usually implemented with highly motivated individuals or groups to give them the freedom and flexibility to be creative and productive. The post-modern era transitioned by focusing on the use of technology to empower employees to increase knowledge and productivity. Technology forecasting gives the organization the opportunity to identify the most efficient and effective ways to use technology to implement decisions for organizational growth and change. Organizational Behavior and Technology Organizational structure is a crucial component that encompasses the formal distribution of work roles, functions and responsibilities within an organization. “Organization is the primary context for innovation.” (Damanpour & Wischnevsky, 2006, p.271) Technological innovation has a tremendous impact on the organizational structure of an organization as specific systems are used to define, structure the organization toward efficiency. Organizational structure will foster a system designed to incorporat
The US-Mexican War started on 25 April 1846 and lasted for 2 years until 1848 (Bauer, 1992). The war broke out mainly because both the US and Mexico were interested in Texas, which had gained independence from Mexico in 1836. People have divided opinion on whether the US should have been involved in this war. On one side, some people argue that the US should not have been involved in the war because it had refused to incorporate Texas into the Union in 1836 after gaining independence. On the other side, some individuals hold that the US should have been involved in the war as retaliation after Mexico attacked American soldiers on the disputed land. However, this paper holds that the US should not have engaged in the 1846 Mexican-American War. The Mexican president at the time, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, had warned the US that any efforts to annex Texas would break the already fragile relationship between Mexico and the US (Frazier, 1998). However, the US president at the time ignored such warnings. Mexico and the US were equal partners in the region, and President James Polk should have respected the calls to leave Texas alone. The Mexican president was only concerned about the peace of the region. President de Santa Anna even went to the extent of begging the US to stay out of Texas, but President Polk was determined to annex Texas to the Union. Therefore, for the interest of peace in the region, the US should not have engaged Mexico in this bloody war. To show its commitment to resolve the Texan conflict amicably, the Mexican government decided to negotiate with a low-level US government official. Having a low-level government official would keep politics out of the already volatile issue. However, the US government would not divorce the politics of supremacy from the confrontation, and thus it sent a minister to negotiate with Mexico. At this point, it is clear that the US was set for a military confrontation by defying all the demands from the Mexican government. If the US sent a low-profile government official as required, perhaps the war would have been averted. However, the proponents of the war argue that Mexico had to be held responsible for attacking American troops and killing two officers (Henderson, 2008). Apparently, Mexico had no right to dictate whether Texas wanted to join the Union or remain an independent country. Texas needed help from its allies after being ravaged by the struggle for independence from Mexico. Therefore, the US was simply helping its ally at the time of need through annexation. Additionally, Mexico refused to honor its promise of receiving the US e
Medicalization is a process where problems affecting human beings are diagnosed medically and treated using medical prescriptions. Therefore medicalization of deviance involves introducing medical treatment to correct deviant behaviors. This however applies to certain behaviors that are non-normative in appearance and therefore receive the condemnation of the society. Examples of such behaviors include male chauvinism, obesity, racism, gambling, alcoholism, mental disorder, unattractiveness and sexual acts. According to medical terms deviance of whatever form is regarded as an illness. A definition for deviance can also be described using medical terms and a treatment for each of the deviant behavior can be prescribed in order to correct them. There are several human characteristics that do not just involve personal traits that are stigmatized in the society. Research in the field of medicine has been done on treatment of such behavior. For instance there are sex drugs that are specifically used by people of women to treat medical conditions because they are more vulnerable to such conditions and the society has already labeled it that way. Women experience deviant behaviors such as depression more compared to men. Because of the fact that they are emotionally attached to things, they tend to express feeling candidly compared to men. As a result, there are certain behaviors which are common with women. Such behaviors can be subjected to medicalization. Treatment of depression is among the development of medicalization of deviant behaviors. Sadness, which can also translate to depression or stress, is generally considered a deviant behavior in the society and there are drugs that are specifically made for people undergoing sadness
Introduction Sickness leaves and increased medical expenses incurred by organisations on their employees have called for the need to look at workforce health and wellbeing. Corporate organisations have appeared at the fore in funding research into workforce health challenges. Linley, Harrington and Garcea (2010) assert that management theories are interested in facilitating the growth of an organization. As such, an organization will stop at nothing in bringing down its expenses, in order to increase returns on invested capital. The emergence of medical health insurance covers has also played a crucial role in facilitating the introduction of wellbeing programs in organizations. This paper presents a review of broad wellbeing programs that have been undertaken in Johnson and Johnson, an international health care company; Evonik Degussa GmbH, a German based international corporation and the University of Leeds. Similarities in the three wellbeing programs The wellbeing programs initiated by Johnson and Johnson, Evonik Degussa GmbH and the University of Leeds focus on the reduction of medical expenses. It is noted that both companies and university were incurring increasingly higher costs on medication, and something had to be done to alter this situation. In each case, the management identified the need for coming up with measures that would eventually lower the costs. It was then realised that the higher medical expenses could be effectively dealt with by making wellbeing programs a part of the organisation (Roberson & Cooper 2010). The programs were not haphazardly implemented in both companies as well as the university. The wellbeing programs are a result of comprehensive research. In the case of Johnson and Johnson, a committee of experts was formulated to find out the various practices that would apply. The various stakeholder of the company were incorporated in the committee; among them were professionals in matters concerning employees’ welfare (Robertson & Cooper 2011). In the case of the University of Leeds, the team that was constituted to establish its wellbeing program included among others; staff representatives and student representatives. On the other hand, the representatives of the council of workers took part in the formulation of Evonik Degussa’s wellbeing program (Seligman, Rashid & Parks 2006; Linley & Harrington 2007). The two companies and the university embrace health risk mitigating factors. They all advocate healthy living through re
The Grapes of Wrath is a perfect example of a political novel that narrates the experience of the Joad family after being evicted from their farm in Oklahoma and their discouraging journey to California. In the first few chapters, the author gives the reader an opportunity to participate in the story of the Joads by exploring their experience in their traditional life and their new found life, but in the last sixteen chapters; the author takes a broader look at the experience of displaced migrants in America as a whole. As a result, the novel portrays the issue of land ownership in California and America at large, the conflicts between the Haves and the Have-nots, people’s reactions to injustices, and the strength of a woman (Steinbeck ix). It also delves into the impact of the Great Depression and the nature of parity and fairness in a larger context regarding America. Thus, this essay presents an in-depth analysis of The Grapes of Wrath, which reveals that the novel develops upon a wide range of themes including hope, class conflict, fanaticism, and commitment as described in the preceding discussions. The theme of hope develops through the character of Ma Joad who struggles to keep her family together despite that the Joads have encountered many deaths, hardships, and deprivations. In fact, at the end of the narrative, the author describes the family as barely surviving (Steinbeck 455). Conversely, the Joads display an optimistic mood because as the family expands, the family members get to recognize the need to identify with the group, and thus, they begin to realize the importance of group consciousness. Hope is also derived from the family’s long and challenging journey, whose experience enlightens some family members such as Ma Joad, Pa Joad, Tom, Jim Casy, John, and Rose of Sharon. Actually, the family members are optimistic that the end of their long journey will come after realizing the American dream (Steinbeck 65). As a result, the desire to have a good life coupled with other motives encourages some family members to fight harder as opposed to those who are unable to see the end result of the journey including Al, Connie, and Noah. Moreover, the family is determined to experience a different way of life, which gives them a broader perceptive of the world compared to their traditional life. In the end, it is obvious that the family has succeeded in terms of understanding and exploring life-time experiences in the face of different challenges. Another major theme in The Grapes of Wrath entails class conflict. A conflict exists between the poor migrants, native Californians, and the powerful business people (Steinbeck 23). This conflict presents a clear picture of the characteristics of economic injustices in America during that time. From a social perspective, the novel describes the economic disasters that arise after the migrants are forced to forgo their agricultural activities not only because of the natural disasters, but also because of the establishment of larger farms by the landowners, business people, and the banks. Actually, at the beginning, the author
Introduction Environmental conservation talks represent a struggle of man against his actions. As Sjöstedt (2008) notes, environmental problems are largely anthropogenic. This means that the environmental degradation we witness today is a result of human activities, which include agriculture, industrial production, transportation, mining, heating of buildings, among others. Unfortunately, pollution does not only occur within the polluter’s borders but permeates to other countries. Often, this means that other countries in the region get to suffer the consequences of the positive economic values that a polluter country gains from emissions. Often, such issues breed conflict, and over the years governments and private actors have adopted negotiations as the ideal way to solve environmental conflicts (Sjöstedt, 2008). To understand why successful outcomes to environmental negotiations are hard to achieve, one must first understand the special properties that characterize such negotiations. According to Sjöstedt (2008), environmental negotiations attract non-governmental organizations and various transnational actors who ostensibly represent public opinion in the negotiations 1 . However, the unique properties that call for negotiations usually include  1. international environmental conflicts;  2. negative consequences brought by an environmental issue;  3. manipulation or appropriation of scarce resources by governments, and  4. Human activities that drive respective governments to agree or disagree about working together to reduce the effects of the human activities on the environment. The Main Reasons According to Christer & Aggestam (2008), diplomacy is the international institution that follows specific fundamental norms for purposes of providing the procedure for intercourse between countries. Some of the norms upheld in diplomacy include: Co-existence and reciprocity Simply put, this is the understanding that allows countries to “live and let live”. As Christer & Aggestam (2008 quoting Mattingly,1955), aptly puts it, “unless people realize that they have to live together, indefinitely, in spite of their differences, diplomats have no place to stand” (p. 196). The acceptance by different countries that they are mutually dependent on each other as long as environmental decisions are concerned is significant. However, Christer & Aggestam (2008) notes that each participant in the negotiations process has an equal right to participate. This however does not always mean that the negotiating parties are all equal. The developing countries for example approach the negotiating table as equal negotiators, but it is common knowledge that their decisions cannot be influenced by the developing nations especially c