ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Organizational learning has gained momentum in its definition, application and execution. It has a purpose of knowledge creation, transfer leading to behavior change organizational learning as a process does not happen once, but it has continuity. It has been given another point of view that organizational learning involves a learning organization. On the contrary, any process that has a goal in it is a setting with associated barriers to its implementation or practicability. Consequently, there must be a significant consideration with respect factors that may impede Organizational learning as a process. Journal dimension of organizational learning Schilling and Kluge, (2009), give an explicit approach to organizational learning listing individual or group-based means as a vehicle to learning in an organization. The learning involves a relatively permanent change in knowledge which is a direct result of accumulated experience. The two authors assert that the learning process of an organization is related to the improvement of organization performance. The dimension which has been given as much weight as organizational learning is the way of diffusion of knowledge in the organizational routines, processes and structures, and how the future learning activities of an organization’s members (Jacobson & Robertson, 2011). Learning may be possible in an organization, yet a good learning activity must include permanent ways of retaining that knowledge in an organization so that the knowledge gained can be used for future learning needs. The suggested methods are creating the documents, and/or adopting it into the routines or structures of an organization. Comparison of the barriers approaches There is a meshing of the methods employed by Dierkes et al, (2003. Pp, 879), and Schilling & Kluge, (2009). In the first place, the two sources create a lead to future researchers in the field of organizational learning about the barriers to organizational learning. Categories given in the two sources are centered to organizational culture as a major barrier to learning in an institution. This led to the categorization of barriers into three main divisions as discussed below. Actual-personal barriers-it is asserted that these barriers are characterized by individual thinking, attitudes and behaviors. This occurs at an individual level particularly to an employee in an organization. An individual may have an innovative idea which may create knowledge, individual postulates pertaining to rewards, comi
Overview There are small upcoming groups conducting terror in Turkey. However, the Turkish government fails to officially acknowledge them because there are inconclusive and barely cause substantially threat (Ker-Lindsay & Cameron, 2009). Because of this, the Turkish National Police (2013) has only designated four groups as terrorist groups falling under three categories; separatists, left wing and terrorist groups that exploit religion. These terror groups include Al Qaeda, Hezbollah, DHKP/C and PKK/KCK. Although quite a few in number, these groups have caused increased terror attacks in Turkey by conducting bombings, kidnappings, road blockings, assassinations and illegal street demonstrations among other attacks. This has often necessitated the Turkish government to improve the local emergency response to save the increased number of life and property lost during the terror attacks. Markedly, in the year 2012 alone, besides innocent civilians, the government lost over 132 military personnel to terror attacks. According to Roach (2003), knowing a terror group’s goals, objectives or mission provides a strong basis for countering terror attacks because the government can anticipate and calculate the probable moves of the terrorists. With this in mind, this paper discusses the goals, objectives and missions of these terror groups to shed light on them and show the possibility of an effective strategy for countering terrorism in Turkey. DHKP/C or the Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party/Font Sevinc (2008) notes that DHKP/C mission is overthrowing the regime that exists in Turkey aided by a violent revolution to set up a communist society using Marxist-Leninist principles as a guide. To become successful in its mission, the group, through a series of successful terrorism operations in Turkey has attained one of its goals, which is to establish a centre in European countries with dense Turkish populations. Another key goal to help it achieve its mission includes developing public riots led by armed struggle in rural and urban area. In addition to this, the group’s goal is targeting Israeli, European and American enterprises, which the group perceives as global imperialism advocates who sabotage communism. This also goes for targeting government officials to weaken the Turkish government, such as in the case of year 2009 Suicide Bombing, a failed bombing attack targeting the Minister of justice. The key objective of the group is attaining its goals through conducting assassinations, armed attacks and laying bomb traps for
Company’s Profile Starbucks is the company that is popular almost in every country across the globe. The company adopted outstanding globalization strategies that improved the business. The objective of the organization to create a unique place with a comfortable atmosphere in order for people to enjoy the taste of perfect coffee was accomplished. The company has a number of competitors, namely Dunkin’ Donuts and McDonald’s. The market environment is tense; however, Starbucks remain popular and successful. Supplier and Potential Problems Kana Coffee is a Cuban company that can function as a supplier of Starbucks. The challenges are the following:  1. Correspondence to the norms of legislation (taxes, standards) because of difference between the countries;  2. Currency issues. A different tempo of inflation. The company might face certain economic and global risks:  1. The amount of coffee is dependent on climate and weather peculiarities;  2. The good can be politically compromised. For example, Cuban cigars were popular; however, they could not be sold because of political conflicts. The same situation can happen with coffee. Market Risk and Hedging Strategies As a matter of fact, market risks are typical for all the companies. In order to get a better understanding of the issue, the definition of a marketing risk should be taken into consideration. First and foremost, it is a risk of losses that can be stimulated by a number of factors and reasons, among them are the following ones, namely:  1. Changes in price for the commodity;  2. Foreign currency exchange rate;  3. Equity price;  4. Interest rate. In order to be protected from the risk, the organizations usually adopt certain risk management policies. It is significantly important to understand the hedging strategies of Starbucks, evaluate currency risks, and outline possible strategies to mitigate the risks. Foreign currency exchange risks should be taken into account. The majority of transactions in the company are made in an American dollar. However, in spite of the fact that the company is operating in the United States, one should take into consideration that the business is represented in other countries as well (Gaspar 121). The most popular currencies for transactions are the following:  1. Canadian dollar;  2. British pound sterling;  3. Euro;  4. Japanese yen. Thus, with the consideration of the above stated information, the conclusion can be drawn that Starbucks can be engaged in a number of financial deals with foreign currencies. In 2008, the enterprise had “forward foreign exchange contracts that hedge portions of anticipated international revenue streams and inventory purchases” (Verbeke 72). In 2012, the price for co
Mass higher education has attracted a lot of attention recently as many Americans find themselves in the situation when they cannot afford to enter a university or a four-year college. Researchers, educators, officials, employers and high school graduates argue that the lack of diversity in higher education can have various negative effects for development of the US society (Ward, 2007). Development of community colleges is regarded as an exceptional opportunity to solve the existing issue. Community colleges provide educational services to larger populations as they are more affordable and there are more financial aid options available. These educational establishments help young people to evaluate their academic capacity. People can also gain some skills to enter the workforce and get a job with appropriate salary. Another important benefit of community colleges is that they are a good platform for transition from a high school to a 4-year college or university. Packard, Gagnon, LaBelle, Jeffers and Lynn (2011) state that there is quite significant bulk of research that shows that students of community colleges have more chances to enter and succeed in universities or 4-year colleges. Students obtain significant academic experience in community college and are ready to address challenges of higher education. They feel less pressure compared to high school graduates as those who have studied at community colleges know the ropes of the academic life and they know what to expect. In conclusion, it is possible to state that community college is a good opportunity for a young person who has limited financial resources and has doubts as to his/her desire to obtain a degree. This institution enables young people to have a glimpse at higher education and decide whether they will benefit from it. It is not difficult to predict the way education will develop. Within a decade, technology will be incorporated in higher education in a more efficient way. Online courses as well as blended education will be widespread. Universities will become more global as educators from different parts of the world will be able to give lectures while students across the globe will share their ideas (Sorden & Munene, 2013). Mass higher education institutions w
Article Summary This article initiated by scientists from Aalborg University, Denmark provides the reader with the information on the research of cross-media communication in advertising. The research was inspired by latter studies connected to this area. It focuses on the television commercial and the website as two separate advertisings connected with each other. Three dimensions comprising announcements, participants, and address strategy were studied. Besides, authors have “examined multimodal connections between texts in terms of different degrees of similarity or dissimilarity between what is represented and how it is represented” (Jessen & Graakjaer, 2013, 451). Finally, authors conclude that nowadays television advertising is an integral part of the entertainment. However, the main difference between the two concepts studied lies in a way of advertising. If a person perceives a television commercial by means of hearing and vision, the web advertising is associated only with visual contact. Problem Statement Through examining 80 television commercials and their declared websites, the study investigates how advertising communication is associated on a textual level. Precisely speaking, the article examines the influence of the television and Web advertisings on human perception. Thus, the article attempts to establish the importance and peculiarities of the topic. Why did authors decide to choose this problem? I believe that the problem chosen is of great interest as for specialists as well as for an average person because it discloses rather interesting and actual problem and is easy to understand. Research Questions RQ1: What is the difference between television advertising and its website? RQ2: How they connected to each other? RQ3: Who are participants in the research? I believe that those questions were completely revealed in the body of the research. The relevance of this study is identified by problems of modern media and communication and, mainly, by the need to examine the representation of television commercials and websites commercials as well as by the need to address the problems of multimodal connections. Methodology Authors use a qualitative method of the research procedure to prove their point of view. They present a systematic description of what actually happens on TV and Web advertising. The choice of the method seems justified as the research involves the collection of information in a free form; it focuses on the understanding, explanation, and interpretation of empirical data that is the source of speculation and productive ideas. Results of the described methodology are significant as they explain the data collection and findings in detail allowing the reader understand the suggested information easier. Analysis The study is explorative as it examines perspectives from advertising analysis and multimodal study an
Executive Summary Adidas used to be the most dominant sportswear manufacturer in Europe. This success it achieved through production of performance-geared shoes. High profile athletes in both track athletics and soccer used these shoes, making their fans want to be associated with them. Many athletes have shown just how much they trust Adidas shoes, for it has helped them achieve high performance. Sportswear is currently the replacement for casual clothing for the youth. Kang and Esterl (2006) noted that, in the manufacture and sale of sportswear, Adidas has a market share of 22%. It is trailing behind only on competitor, Nike, which has a market share of 33%. Adidas has developed a new strategy that combines marketing and technology. This strategy together with its focus on innovation has significant objectives that are supposed to steer Adidas ahead of Nike in terms of market share. The purchase of Reebok by Adidas in 2005 has also started to yield positive results in terms of market share expansion. They have taken over emerging markets in Latin America Asia ahead of Nike. On top of that, Adidas is concentrating growing its image as sportswear and general clothing manufacturer. This will help in its ambition of being a head of Nike in the sportswear industry. Adidas is also bringing new products in the market, most of which counter Nike’s already released products. Adidas-score is one such product. This product will be launched in the United Kingdom next football season. Marketing strategies are in place, and these are geared towards making Adidas-score a household brand. Football fans are the target market for Adidas-score. Marketing strategies target these fans. Introduction Adi Dassler is the personality who created the German brand, Adidas, in 1949. According to Jobber and Fahy (2009), “the company was built based on three principles: creating the best sports shoe, protecting athletes from injuries and offering them a durable product” (p.245). Adidas group prides itself in making the customer their primary focus. After World War I, Dassler (as a teenager) dedicated his time helping his family create slippers from damaged military bags. He then consulted doctors, and coaches in designing shoes for a given sport. Athletes loved his shoes, making them be used in Olympics in the decade that followed. According to Haig (2004), “Dassler was not just a good innovator. He also had a brain for marketing. He knew that if Adidas would have completely different shoes for different sporting activities, there would have to be an element of unity. In 1949, he came up with the idea of putting three stripes on the side of his shoes, so everyone would be able to tell they were Adidas just by lo
Eric Foner, author of the book Give Me Liberty which details historic events in the United States history, especially towards liberty and equality. American slavery is discussed in the first volume of this book as a theme that contributed to liberty for all Americans. Slavery remains to be a historic activity that led to the liberation of individuals living within the American borders, free or slaves. The liberation however had to come with a struggle such as the American and Civil wars that ended slavery in the United States. Slaves were taken to work mostly on agricultural farms as well as other economic activities, especially in southern America. In northern America, few skilled slaves were taken to work in the industries as the region underwent the industrial revolution. The slaves performed their tasks under strict supervision by their masters who ensured that they only served them barring them from realizing their ambitions. Foner defines paternalistic ethos or paternalism refers to the unwelcome inhibition of an individual’s freedom by another individual, where the act is justified by stating that it is for the individual’s best interest (67). This was a common practice during the slavery period where slaves were owned by their masters who dictated their objectives and goals in life. Slaves engaged in activities that were determined by their masters and in return were handed a good life by receiving constant medical care and the provision of basic needs (Foner, p131). Although this was kind of the slave owners, they denied the slaves their basic freedom of choice where they could not improve their skills and abilities to attain their personal goals in life. This led to the American and Civil wars that violently stated the freedom required for the slaves. Assuming the position of the wealthy plantation owner, paternalism was directed towards creating a master-servant relationship that was supposed to be mutual. The slave owner gains directly from the welfare of the slaves and the slaves gained directly from offering their services to the slave owner. Paternalistic ethos was meant to ensure order within t
Introduction The events known as 9/11 occurred 16 years ago, but the Americans still remember the time when so many people lost their lives and homes (Chossudovsky, 2016). Each interview with a person about the outcomes of the reasons for those terrorist attacks turns out to be a challenge because people have to experience those emotions again and think about the transience of life. However, even being so emotionally challenged by the events with a history of more than 15 years, people demonstrate different attitudes to those events, and the concept of “war on terrorism” developed as the main response of the US government. Unfortunately, it is impossible just to stop this kind of war, even if the best practices are taken (Rieff, 2016). Greenslade (2015) admits that new attempts generate more terrorism in different countries. The U.S. response to the 9/11 attacks and the development of new religious practices demonstrate the level of the population’s vulnerability and the inability to predict or even understand the nature of the war on terrorism that has already covered the whole world in several years. Same Questions and Different Aspects The interviews with friends help to clarify several important aspects of the topic “war on terror” and the necessity of the government to take the steps and respond to the attacks. First, there is always a political aspect within the frames of which people have nothing to do but to accept the decisions made by their government. Political concerns and the inabilities consider the needs of all people to promote the development of fears and anger. It is the main ground for the discussions within another aspect that includes personal attitudes and opinions. People understand that the government cannot neglect their duties and organize numerous rescue and recovery operations in order to save people and avoid new destructions. The war on terrorism gained numerous forms such as secret prisons and additional invasions on the Muslim land, and many people could even not know about them. However, it is hard to guess if the decisions made by the government differ from those made by other people to protect their truth. “The number and lethality of terrorist attacks are far likelier to rise than to diminish for the foreseeable future” (Rieff, 2016, para. 8). This truth cannot be neglected. Subjects in Different Questions In the interviews, there were several similar questions in order to help people clarify if they differentiate more and less effective aspects of the U.S. response to the attacks. Besides, certain attention was paid to the question of safety. One of the respondents said that safety was something people could never reach with the help of the government. The point is that “the threat is already inside”, but “nobody wants to hear” (Greenslade, 2015, para. 1). The questions, as well as the answers in the interviews, aim at discussing political, personal, religious, and social subjects in regard to the terrorist attacks that began in 2001. Though it was not the first threat to the American population, it was the first time when it
Introduction The following paper outlines the secondary research conducted for attaining information on the launch of a wine bar in London. The wine bar is to be launched in a profitable area of London which is predicted to become a posh and competitive place for established bars and restaurants. However as the development is still taking place in the region. The prices of the land and property are affordable despite the location being in London. Another point in favour of the location is that it is located at near central London and is accessibility by commuters and professionals residing and working in the region. The company has been able to access secondary data in the form of study which depicts the demographic characteristics of the area and its vantage point as a business location as per the research. The paper analysis the study in terms of relevance to the business and its prospective launch and provides the recommendations which can aid the business in establishing itself in the stated location. Data Sources and Type of Information The research data that is available for the purpose of this paper was taken from a secondary research agency. The research agency deployed research agency to collect information through the process of interview based surveys form the local community in the region. The focal point of the questionnaire that was used in this study pertains to the crime and safety situation of the region and the demographics of the people residing and operating in the area. The questionnaire provides a letter of intent on behalf of the research agency and the community forum which sponsored the research. The respondent however include people form various walks of life who are familia