ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In any given research, it is important to have a well-planned search strategy to aid in collecting all the required information on the topic being researched. In addition to a well-planned search strategy, it is vital that the researcher fully understands the topic of research. In this case, the research concerns formulation of a computer-based search strategy to collect information using evidence-based research methodology only. Research Steps The first step in this search will be to formulate a question that will guide the research. In evidence-based methodology, for the question to be most comprehensive, it needs to have the PICO aspects (Huang, 2003). The PICO aspects cover the population, the intervention, comparison and the outcome. In this case, the question guiding my research is “Can additional choices of food and places to eat improve appetite and maintain weight in residents with dementia?” The population in this context will be the dementia patients while the intervention will be the provision of additional choices of foods and places to eat. This is in comparison with the current choices that the patients have. The o
What is the message that the artist is trying to convey? The work of art in the subject here is a painting of the woodcutter by Pissarro. The message he wanted to convey here is how workers are shaped by the nature of the work they do. This means that, at all times, people take some motions forced into them by the nature of their works. In the painting, Pissarro painted a peasant laborer working on a woodcutter. The worker is shown positioning himself in a way such that he can move the woodcutter to and fro remarkably easily. This means that, in a while, these people end up changing their shapes due to their nature of work (Sabbeth 48). For instance, if a laborer is delegated to operate the woodcutter and they work for more than two years, chances are high that their normal posture has to be affected. Also, Pissarro conveys another message which is the working condition for peasant laborers. The person cutting wood is not in the company of other workers. This means that jobs were delegated hence on any farmworkers spent most of their time alone going about with their duties. From this one can conclude that peasant laborers were overworked. This is evident from the amount of work seen in the painting whereby only one person is supposed to cut wood for the entire farm. Is there a connection between the content of the painting and the Age of Industrialism? According to the painting, there is a connection between its contents and industrialization. This means that the message conveyed has some elements of industrialization in it. Industrialization came about with the development of industries hence converting human lives. It impacted human lives positively hence helping them to upgrade their living stan
Introduction Common sense by Thomas Paine is a true masterpiece in every sense. Thomas Paine was a prolific writer, his work is still regarded as one of the best and he is still looked up to by many people. This goes to show his legacy which he established over some time. Works like Common sense, The American Crisis, etc inspired the people who were ready to fight for their freedom. Thomas Paine was a multi-talented person, he had many skills in him like he was an intellectual person and at the same time, he played a pivotal role in motivating the people to get the freedom from the British which they deserved. This paper will throw light upon the benefits of freedom from the British and the thoughts of Thomas Paine on the independence of US from the British rule. Common Sense provides a comprehensive understanding of why Paine wanted the Americans to fight for their freedom. This masterpiece was published in the year 1776. This was published anonymously by Paine; this was done so because in those days the people did not have the right to express themselves. Thomas Paine was instrumental in motivating people. He was often taken to the soldiers who were going to participate in war and he used to give them speeches to motivate them and the soldiers enjoyed and relished his speeches and got motivated to a great extent. This goes to show how instrumental Paine was in motivating people. The argument of Paine for declaring Independence from Great Britain The domination of Americans by Great Britain was a period when American growth was hampered. The British rulers levied heavy taxes on the Americans who were forced to pay the heavy taxes, in addition to this there was corruption in the Church and not only in the Church, corruption was very common in almost all the areas at that time. This also led to the puritan movement which saw puritans move to another place to live in peace and harmony. This is also called the Mayflower Compact; the Mayflower Compact was a ship that transported American Puritans to another place. Paine was simply ridiculed by the fact that an island was ruling a continent, in addition, this Paine believed that America was not a nation of the British, it had people from all over Europe settled in the country. Paine believed that there can be no growth possible if the British continue to rule the Americans, this was very true and made a lot of sense. People suffered from various diseases and had no food to eat; diseases like Scurvy affected countless people and took away many a life. The most important point of Paine was that the British rule had no compassion for the Americans whatsoever, they wanted to prosper at the cost of the Americans and this was unacceptable and this was exactly why Paine wanted the Americans to take immediate action to free themselves from the shackles of slavery. The hesitation of Americans to Declare Independence “Common Sense was written for the common man. It came out of Thomas Paine’s guts — out of the bitter years of poverty, the soured dreams, and the dreams that persisted despite disappointment and failure. It flowed from Paine’s anger an
Beveridge’s Five Giant Social Evils According to Beveridge Report, also known as the Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services of 1942, there were five giant social evils that were affecting the British society and which needed to be addressed urgently. This report identified these giant social evils as squalor, ignorance, basic wants such as food, idleness, and diseases (Durand, Belacel & LaPlante, 2013). This report proposed a lot of reforms that have been taken by this society and massive changes have been seen. When this report came up, there was a concerted effort by the government and society members to address them. Although these five evils have been addressed, they are still relevant in this society because a section of the society is affected by them in one way or the other. This society is still affected by squalor, an issue that was identified in the report of 1942. Some members of the society still live in very dirty ghettos of this city, and in such areas, the level of immorality and indecency are very high. Ignorance as one of the five giant social evils has reduced significantly over the years, but it is still an issue that needs to be addressed. A smaller section of this society is still categorized as ignorant. Basic wants such as food, clothing, and quality healthcare is still an issue, especially among the poor members of the society. Idleness is taking a new shape in this society, and it is probably the main social evil that the country is faced with today. Diseases such as cancer and HIV/AIDS are still affecting members of this society. Both the rich and the poor are affected by various diseases that affect their productivity. While the poor suffer from simple treatable diseases because of lack of finance, the rich suffer from lifestyle diseases such diabetes and obesity. This research will focus on idleness and obesity as the two most relevant of the five social evils in this society. Idleness is one of the main social evils that are affecting this society today. According to Chung and Mason (2012), idleness is taking a whole new approach that may not be very easy for the government to address. This scholar says that the social media has brought a new form of idleness that may not be easy to address. Most of the British citizens have Facebook accounts
Case Summary Angie Roberts, the CEO of Imaginative Staffing, Inc., is talking with her assistant Nicole Gamin about team-selling, the new approach integrated by many companies. She insists on including this issue in the discussion during the lunch meeting. The company has a chief financial officer, a sales director, four sales reps, an operations manager, ten account managers, five administrative assistants, and a receptionist. The key problem with sales in the company is related to the length of time it takes to close a sale with a good prospect (six months of hard work). The selling is done by one sales rep who can ask the sales director for assistance if problems arise. In addition, Angie Roberts does not want to hire more permanent workers because of the legal environment. She is also not satisfied with the selling technique under which too much time is required to convince the buyer, especially taking into account that the company is now on the market and customers do not know enough about it. Susan Borland, the sales director, appears to be the only person in the company who possesses some knowledge about team selling. She is advised by a friend not to put too many people on the team. Questions 1-3 Imaginative Staffing, Inc. should adopt the team selling system for selling to important accounts because the time spent on getting the customer is very long. Team selling might decrease this time and help the sales reps to improve their productivity level. Taking into account that the company is young and relatively small, the selling team should not be big. For example, it will be enough to include two sales representatives and three account managers into the selling team. However, the sales director should be attentive with selecting the team members: they need to be not only experienced in sales but be willing to cooperate with others and learn about the new selling technique. The training of the selling team should be done both by the sales director (she understands what team selling is) and by the outside professional who can teach team members about the new approach. Sales trainers might either establish and administer the entire training program or teach specific sales techniques. In the first place, team membe
Social inequality is a specific form of social differentiation in which individuals, social groups, or classes are at different levels of the social hierarchy, and have unequal life chances and opportunities to satisfy their needs. Inequality is understood as unequal access of large social groups of people to economic resources, social goods, and political power. The main mechanisms of social inequality are relations of property, power, social division of labor, as well as uncontrolled, spontaneous social differentiation. One of the forms of social inequality in the world was apartheid, the policy of racial segregation in South Africa from 1948 to 1994 (Meyer, 2017). History has known many fighters against inequality, and one of the most famous human rights activists was an enemy of apartheid who served 27 years in prison for his beliefs. This individual was born in the village of Mfezo, located on the left bank of the Mbashe River in South Africa. After secondary school, he graduated from Clarkebury School, then attended Methodist College in Fort Beaufort, and at the age of 21, he was enrolled as a student at Fort Hare University (Meyer, 2017). However, he left the university due to participation in a boycott of students who disagreed with the results of elections to the student representative council. In 1941, he moved to Johannesburg, and, along with his work as a lawyer, he entered the University of the Witwatersrand at the Faculty of Law. As a university student, he became interested in politics and regularly participated in meetings of black intellectuals of the African National Congress. He often appeared at rallies and protests, supporting the side of the local population. In 1948, when the National Party came to power in South Africa, he became chief secretary and later president of the African National Congress Youth League (Meyer, 2017). He organized the Campaign of Disobedience to the Authorities, and in 1955, convened the Congress of the Free People (Meyer, 2017). His help to the people did not consist only of political disagreement. He created the first law company that provided free services to blacks. He also compiled a list of principles for the future democratic society of the Republic of South Africa, which became the main document for the non-violent struggle against the apartheid regime. In the early 60s, having achieved nothing peacefully, he created a radical organization that allowed for the possibility of armed struggle. Together with team members, they organized explosions of government and military facilities. In 1962, he was brought to trial and imprisoned for organizing strikes (Meyer, 2017). As a political prisoner, he had the worst conditions of detention and the least amount of privileges. For example, he was allowed to write only one letter or make only one call every six months. Nevertheless, thanks to the support of his friends who remained at large, during this period, he managed to become a well-known politician and fighter for equality. Since the mid-1980s, the government has been trying to find a compromise. He was offered freedom in exchange for refusing to
Introduction For several decades, scientists considered the brain as a major organ of the human body that is conditionally set to perform specific functions. Each brain region was then regarded to play a specific role in human behavior and that no other section of the brain could replace that function. However, research in neurology and psychology showed that the brain has the ability to reassign its regions to particular functions and abilities. This revolutionary observation of brain plasticity thus became a focus for further investigations. Sensory deprivation pertains to the intentional removal of a sensation of an individual in order to determine the association of a stimulus with a sensory experience. Conditions utilizing sensory deprivation serve as human experimental settings that provide researchers an opportunity investigate how the human brain responds to the absence of a specific sensory facility. Several conditions have been employed to test sensory capabilities among human subjects. These include the simple utilization of blindfolds which can impede an individual from seeing, or the use of earmuffs to prevent a person from hearing. The reactions of the study participants are studied and analyzed by researchers and conclusions are eventually presented. In addition, sensory deprivation conditions are also administered as a complementary treatment in the practice of alternative medicine. Body The developmental stages of the human body are similar to the rest of the vertebrate species, wherein the brain is one of the first organs that arise in a developing fetus. Based on evolutionary corollaries, the brain is a body organ that is expected to sense different stimuli in order to live and survive in the environment. The ability of a biological species to feel different kinds of sensations helps in adjusting to the current conditions of the environment. In the case of sensory deprivation, the loss of a particular sensation thus provides scientists to determine whether an organism is still capable of performing its normal functions and activities in the absence of at least one sensory function. Several reports have been published with regards to such conditions, in both humans and other mammalian species. One common observation that is often described in sensory deprivation researches is that the absence of one sensory function results in an improved capability of another sensory function. In a recent research report authored by Nava et al . (2008), the function of the temporal region of the brain was investigated in hearing impaired individuals. This investigation was conducted by providing the study participants with an
Introduction T.S. Eliot in his famous essay points out that the character of Hamlet in Shakespeare’s play Tragedy of Hamlet , should not be solely linked to the “guilt of the mother” unlike Coriolanus, whose characteristic pride was acquired from his mother (Eliot 98). Eliot categorically refutes the idea of Hamlet’s character being solely shaped by Gertrude’s guilt. Eliot is correct when he says that Hamlet’s character cannot simply be expressed through his mother’s guilt. However, I believe, the maternal influence creates various complexities in his character that cannot be explained solely by the guilt theory. The inclusion of the maternal figure in Hamlet breaks the fragile compact that otherwise allows Shakespeare to explore familial and sexual relationships. Hamlet assumes the role of both the father and the son and the need to detect his identity about his idea of the father becomes problematic in the presence of his mother. Further, the presence of the mother figure and the sexual power she has over her son creates a clash in Hamlet’s character. Therefore, Shakespeare gives Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother, the power to contaminate her son’s heart with hatred such that her presence creates a dramatic conflict in Hamlet’s character. Similarly, the character of Coriolanus in Shakespeare’s play of the same name is also influenced by the presence of the maternal figure. Here, I must disagree with Eliot in his assertion that Coriolanus was the product of his pride. Though pride was the reason for his demise when his life is put under the microscope it becomes apparent that his pride was the mirror image of that of his mother, Volumnia. Her indulgence of her son’s pride and rage, even as a child, had shaped the man he had become. I believe that in both the Shakespearean tragedies, the maternal figure plays a strong role in the mold of the characters of their sons. In Hamlet, Gertrude’s hasty marriage to Claudius and in Coriolanus , Volumnia’s encouragement of her son’s ego resulted in the decisive tragedy in both the plays. The Thesis The paper will enumerate the relationship between the mother and son in Hamlet and Coriolanus . The objective of the paper will be to understand the relation between Hamlet and Gertrude, and that between Coriolanus and Volumnia. The mother-son relation has a strong influence on the characters and the outcome of the son’s fate. Further, the mothers in the two plays are flawed in their role as a traditional mother and wife that creates an identity crisis in their sons. Promptly discarding her widowhood, Gertrude fails to become the mother who remains the source of the “father’s ideal image” (Adelman 13). She does not mourn him; instead, she marries her dead husband’s brother. Thus, Hamlet fails to assume the masculine identity through the
Callosum corpus is a route which connects the right and left brain hemisphere. It is also the largest cortical commissure for the transmission and interaction of neural impulses in brain hemispheres. Störing, the early development of the corpus callosum, leads to callous corpus agenesis (AgCC). It is a common brain defect if fibers that control the two hemispheres do not mature. Studies have shown that AgCC occurs 3-5 percent in the neurodevelopmental disorder community and often persists with an absolute number of 1 out of 4000 live births (Paul et al., 2016). According to Siffredi, Anderson, Leventer, and Spencer-Smith (2013), the citizens with AgCC have been facing more complex tasks and a longer reaction time and processing speed. It means that the two hemispheres are part of the memory. During memory rehabilitation, the right prefrontal cortex is activated while the prefrontal cortex is more involved while episode memory is coded. In Siffredi et al. (2013), an 8-year-old boy with AgCC was identified with a 16th percentile long-term oral comprehension. By contrast, the initial reminder and full memorandum were inadequate at the age of 14. This pattern suggests that children have trouble remembering memories (Erickson et al., 2014). Research carried out by Paul et al. (2016) shows that teens with AgCC and naturally developing teens have equal roles in their focus. Both Erickson et al. (2014) and Paul et al. (2016) argue that verbal memory relies heavily on the brain fusion of the two hemispheres. Without the corpus callosum, people will battle for access and fusion of semantic networks, facilitating their processing. AgCC could deter people from producing more detailed information through a significant ‘cognitive relationship.’ The verbal memory of children with AgCC has been shown in many studies to be affected by the lack of the corpus callosum (Paul et al., 2016). The studies, therefore, do not explore how the VWM evolves in infants. Thus, this analysis aims to study the effect of AgCC on children over time and assess how their VWM was 7 and 13 years old. Research has assumed that children with AgCC are less effective in a VWM task at the age of 7 than children who usually learn controls. It is also believed that children with AgCC would similarly react to a 13-year-old VWM compared to typically developing rules. Finally, children with AgCC were hypothesized to show better VWM outcomes between 7 and 13. Method Participants The research included children born with AgCC and generally children taken. Children born with AgCC were invited to study from January 2009 to 2014 at Monash Children’s Hosp
The development of nationalism in contemporary China and Taiwan alike illustrates the modernist theory of nationalism as an imagined community constructed through shared perceptions rather than an immanent entity rooted in blood and soil. Taiwan provides a good example of how national identity may be constructed despite the ethnic differences of the country’s population. According to Dreyer et al. (2003), the democratized Taiwan after 1986 began building a “new Taiwanese identity” intended to unite the long-time inhabitants of the island and the newcomers from the mainland into a cohesive nation (para. 4). Hughes (2019) also confirms this assessment by demonstrating how the political effort development of this new identity relies on the idea of shared destiny rather than potentially divisive ethnic origins. Similarly, the developing Chinese nationalism – and, in particular, the rise of popular ziganwu bloggers – can be explained through patriotic education programs stressing common Chinese identity (Wong, 2021). Given the fact that the People’s Republic is even more ethnically diverse than Taiwan, it highlights even more how the national identity is constructed despite objective differences rather than imminently present throughout history. In terms of the Sino-Taiwanese relations, this parallel development of national identities may further complicate Chinese plans of reunification. Dreyer et al. (2003) note that the Taiwanese political nation is not yet fully formed, and, moreover, representing Taiwanese society as strictly separated into pro-unification and anti-unification camps would be an oversimplification. In purely ethnic terms, there may be little difference between the Nationalists and Communists for the Taiwanese since both are mainland Chinese. However, if Taiwan succeeds in creating a shared feeling of nationhood uniting the Taiwanese and mainland newcomers, it may pose yet another challenge to China’s pursuit of unification in not only ethnic but national terms.