ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
During the studying, I learned the essentials of great interconnection between crimes and the media that talk about these crimes. The main factor here is that the media form the perception of people about the crime level in a community and police response to it. It is common situation when local media create the picture of predatory world full of murderers and crimers, while the statictics can say the opposite. To be an intelligent user of media sources, a person should have skills to weigh different points of view to formulate the true findings and rely on reputable statistics on crime. The modern American society lives in the world of numerous media coupled with the “new media” in forms of blogs, social networks profiles, and personal sites. As a result, “the line between fact and fiction” is blurred because inexperienced Internet users can find irrelevant sources and believe in imaginable crimes (Surette, 2011, p. 217). These “fake news” can also frame readers’ perception of the event or of a particular problem in a false way based on inaccurate information. Finally, the modern trend is that political polarization sustains the ideological differences among media sources. It creates the situation when one criminal case can be interpreted in different ways in different media. The vivid modern example is the case of Kyle Rittenhaus, who fatally shot 2 men during protests but avoided prison because of the court decision that it was self-defense. In far-right Breitbart news, the story was framed in the way to emphasize that Rittenhaus tried to stop violence rather than provoke it (Pollak, 2021). At the same time, left-wing media MSNBC published the blog with the title “Kyle Rittenhouse trial was designed to protect white conservatives who kill” (Jones, 2021). It is evident that the way how an average person will interpret the case will be influenced by the choice of media outlet. Thus, the political polarization impacts the way how crimes are understood in society.
The article describes ‘The Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY)’ study on children and adolescents with Bipolar- I (BP-I), Bipolar- II(BP-II) and Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BP-NOS).It was aimed at studying the similarities and differences of various manic symptoms among BP-subtypes and adding further data to the related previous findings. Much interest was centered on the BP-I disorder and the reasons for the ineligibility of subjects to meet the DSM-IV criteria for BP-I. The article also suggests a follow-up study to determine, whether or not, BP-NOS subjects transform to DSM-IV BP-I. BP-I subjects are well represented with psychological illness history and manic symptoms for a prolonged period in contrast to BP- NOS subjects. However, BP-NOS subjects share some of the pathogenic complications characteristic of BP-I. Hence, it seems right that the conclusion has made a positive link between BP-NOS subjects and youth with BP-I. Similarly, although the association of BP-II subjects with that of BP-I was clear, there is no projection for a future study. This may be because the majority of subjects with BP spectrum of illness, particularly BP-NOS are failing to be grouped under DSM-IV category for BP-I. Therefore it makes sense that the conclusion has reflected on what kind of upcoming projects have to be undertaken. Further, only mood elevation seems to be common in all the three BP-subtypes. It indicates that other symptoms might show a variation. It can be concluded from the results that subjects with BP-NOS can be grouped or identified as BP-I, provided if they meet the criteria of DSM-IV. High anxiety disorders were very particular to BP-II. Psychiatric hospitalization is another key parameter unique to BP-I. Hence a wide spectrum of illness factors need to be considered for BP –disorders. We can also conclude that research methodologies adapted in the study need to be refined. It raises a question that why the general or mass sampling was not taken into consideration while selecting the subjects. AS BP-I seems to be a major health problem in the society, vigorous epidemiological surveys might be required to identify the victims with BP-spectrum illness and subsequently include them under BP-I category. BP-I subjects meeting the DSM –IV criteria need to be regularly monitored by a child psychiatrist. This could assist in better understanding the longevity of the manic symptoms. Subjects with disorders related to depression, conduct, suicide attempt etc, are common in the society and could be easily identified for BP-spectrum illness. As more number of young children is susceptible to BP, prior importance should be given to the age factor and strictly followed. It could be better if the study throws some light on the current therapies in progress at the clinical centers. Because the conventional method of sampling and diagn
Introduction The scripture known as Mahāyāna Awakening of Faith has been attributed to the Indian master Aśvaghoṣa for a long time. However, no Sanskrit original of the text could be found, and the current opinion is inclined to believe that the work has been produced by a different person in China. To support this argument, it is possible to read through the Awakening and note the parts that might have been influenced by the situation in China at the time. Such an analysis, as well as the resulting conclusions, will be the purpose of this essay. The Purpose of the Work Mahāyāna Awakening of Faith was written with the purpose of resolving a conflict that arose between two religious doctrines practiced by the school. According to Aśvaghoṣa, it is the master’s principal work that establishes his essential position in the development of Mahayana ideas (37). It proposes that people do not need to seek salvation, as they are already saved, and what they have to do instead is find their path. Awakening has strongly influenced Buddhism in China as well as other countries, although it is sometimes not included among the canonical works. Establishment of Buddhism in China As can be seen from the name of the work discussed in this essay, it is primarily relevant to the Mahayana school of Buddhism. This tendency is consistent with the nature of Chinese Buddhism, as, according to Huynh, while schools inspired by both Hinayana and Mahayana arose after
The discoveries of the Renaissance brought major changes to the lives of people throughout the civilized world, and especially in Europe. Inventions such as the telescope, the compass, the printing press and many other discoveries during this period initiated a time of change that would build the foundation for scientific discovery and in the process, transform human lives. Among these inventions, a major technological advancement can be attributed to the development of the printing press after a German named Johannes Gutenberg developed a movable printing device in 1436 (Rubin, para.3). Before this discovery, manuscripts had to be laboriously copied by hand, a process that was taxing, expensive and time consuming. Yet, with the coming of the printing press, the spread of ideas through the written word was no longer confined by geographical constraints. The discovery of the printing press paved the way for a major transformation to the way of life of people since it allowed knowledge to be shared around on an unprecedented scale. The invention of the printing press made it possible for the Bible to be translated into many languages, thus promoting regionalism. Prior to the Renaissance, Latin was the common language that was used to pass information from one source to the other. One effect of this dominance of Latin was that only highly educated people, who could understand the language, had the privilege of reading books. Thus, a huge gap separated those who were able to read and those who could not. The invention of the printing press brought a solution to this problem as various translations of the Bible were made in numerous local languages so that, for the first time, literate people were able to read the Bible in their own language without necessarily having to know Latin. Less educated people from various regions in Europe were now able to read the Bible as much as the educated elite. Therefore, the translation of the Bible promoted regionalism in Europe as the common folk and the educated elite were united in a common religious interest. The change that began in those early days has survived and grown in today’s world as more and more copies of the Bible are produced in many of the world’s languages. Besides this, the translation of the Bible also brought about major reformations in the Christian religion. Before the discovery of printing, church officials were the only ones who had the mandate to read the Bible in Latin, and teach their own interpretations to their congregations. Yet, once the Bible could be mass printed in the common languages of the time, people had the opportunity to read the Bible for themselves an
Personnel management has taken centre-stage in many organizations; the move has been triggered by the realization of employees’ vital role in corporate goals and objectives attainment. However, in contemporary business environments, business leaders at team and corporate level are facing challenges managing employees from different parts of the globe. Diversity in human capital is facilitated by globalization and increased transfer of factors of production (French, 2010). According to Seyed-Mahmoud Aghazadeh, to fully and aggressively compete modern hospitality industry, business leaders have to be sensitive of multiculturalism among their employees. Human resources management has to enact effective strategies to attract, recruit, develop, and retain a winning workforce. In the process of socialisation, human beings adopt a certain culture; culture is defined as commonly experienced attributes and traits that can be seen in a homogenous group of people mostly living within the same locality. Socialization tools are responsible for passing of culture from one generation to another; culture is not static, it undergoes various adjustments and changes (Kossek and Lobel, 2010). Personal values, attributes, ideologies, beliefs, and religion are elements of culture (Ayoun and Moreo, 2008). One sector in the international economy that has benefited greatly from globalization and improvement of international relation is the hospitality industry. The hospitality industry, being a service industry, need to have well-managed human capital who can offer quality services to customers. When operating domestically or internationally, management has to be sensitive of diversity issues and how they can affect attainment of their corporate goals and objectives. With the growth of diversity concerns, different human resources management gurus have developed theories from research and experience to offer guidelines on how to manage diverse human capital (Devine, Baum, Hearns and Devine, 2007). This paper compares and contrasts Hofstede and Trompenaars theories of culture diversity. Hofstede model of Culture differences management Hofstede model is the most recent theory of culture management, according to the theory; culture is taken as being collective but often intangible. Hofstede is keen advising managers that they need to understand their stakeholders, may they be employees, customers,
Introduction Recession is a period when most firms are faced with the worst trading environment and generally, firms become victims of making critical and hard decisions in order to remain relevant in the market. According to Jose Chao Bacardi, vice president of the American Bacardi Global Travel Retail Division, recession presents an organization with opportunity to reorganize and re-examine all the activities the organization is involved in, identifying the appropriate activities to and ways to improve them since during the recession period, an organization has to be extra cautious to the activities it takes part in (Smith, 2010, p.1). One such re-evaluation during recession is how to influence consumers through adoption of marketing strategies that have the ability to attract or maintain customers. Therefore, this will be a critical essay analyzing the marketing strategies proposed by marketing guide article titled, ‘What to do in a Recession?’. The Article: ‘Marketing guide: What to do in a Recession?’ The article starts by observation that recession leads to both economic downturns and numerous opportunities will result from general modification in consumer behavior. At the same time, other opportunities will arise from general reduction in the marketing activities of the rivals, which may be due to reductions in the costs for advertisements. According to the article written by the Ehrenberg-Bass Institute, key marketing questions a firm needs in order to explore and develop its marketing strategies during recession include the following. How much to spend on marketing advertisement, what strategies can a firm use to ensure consumer-spending change, how should pricing of products be dealt with, and will introduction of new products results into leveraging competition opportunities for the firm? The article postulates that consumers demonstrate habitual behaviors where it becomes difficult to change their behaviors in the long run. During recession, consumers only make changes with regard to non-regular behaviors than to their almost solidified day-to-day behaviors. In such a situation, raising the price to everyday consumer goods and services is unlikely to affect demand. With regard to pricing, the article shows that raising or lowering the price of a commodity has the effect of changing its market. For instance, James Peckham established that, if price of commodity is increased, then a brand’s market share is likely to move down to a new level. On the other hand, when price is lowered for a brand that is not performing well in the market, chances are that sales of the brand will be boosted although there will be no altering the fundamental trend downwards (Ehrenberg-Bass Institute, n.d, p.3). With regard to advertisement, the article observes that, studies have shown that those firms that increase their costs of advertisement tend increase their sales. Thus, drawing examples from the recession o
Introduction NBA Live 08 is a simulation game of the National Basketball Association League. Players take on the role of controlling their favorite team as they play against other teams of the elite NBA league. NBA Live 08 succeeds NBA Live 07 as the 2007 release of EA games and is the 14th installation of the game since 1994. The game was released on all three new-generation consoles, the Playstation3, the Xbox 360, and the Nintendo Wii. NBA Live 08 was also released for older consoles such as the Playstation2 and PlayStation Portable and, of course, it was also released for the PC. As the trademark of the NBA Live series; the featured graphic on the retail box is Gilbert Arenas of the Washington Wizards. History NBA Live has initially named NBA playoffs and was launched in 1989 to MS DOS-compatible PCs with the title Celtics vs. Lakers. In 1991 the game was launched on other consoles like the Sega Genesis. Ten teams were featured in the game, including both All-Star teams but excluding 8 other teams that qualified for the playoffs that season. The 1992 and 1993 releases bore the title “Bulls vs Lakers” and “Bulls vs Blazers”, respectively. These two releases were the first to have their name come from the teams that made it to the finals on the year of release. The last “generation” game to be released prior to the NBA Live series was NBA Showdown which was released in 1994 NBA Live 95 was the first of the series to be released and appeared in the Sega Console SNES and Genesis. NBA Live 96 featured a new game mode, “Create a Player”, which, as the name suggests, allows people to create their own player in the game. The next major change to the series was in NBA Live 2000 with the addition of the NBA Live Legend All-Star teams, which included the best players in the NBA during the past decades. When EA games released NBA Live 2005 they added features or modes which made the game all the more interesting. Slam Dunk Contest, Three-Point Shootout, and the Rookie Challenge were all added on this year. NBA Live 07 scored another breakthrough when it was released to all major consoles including the Xbox 360 which was then the first new-generation console to be released. NBA Live 08 was the first to be released on all major consoles, including the Nintendo Wii and the Playstation3. This stands to reason since, “Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft – are currently engaged in a titanic struggle to dominate our lives and make sure that we never leave our living rooms” (Taylor 1). With a game like this who says being a couch potato is a bad thing? Game Features There are the usual modes of the NBA Live series that the game continued, like the Play Now option which is the usual option for head-to-head games between friends or competitions. Other options have been maintained in the PC version that adds competition into t
The convenience, speed, and anonymity provided by the internet have provided a new platform for criminals to extend their activities through cybercrime. The emergence of new advanced technologies has seen cybercrime taking new trends that are more secretive and dangerous to businesses and people. In fact, cybercrime leads to losses running into billions of dollars annually. Cybercrime takes many forms, including financial crimes like online fraud, abuse, computer attacks, and tolerance or encouragement of illegal activities such as gambling, child pornography, and copyright infringement. Unlike in the past, where a few individuals with criminal minds committed cybercrimes, the field is now run majorly by organized gangs with global networks. Some of them work under the very nose of law enforcement officers disguised as legal businesses or organizations. The site I have chosen for this assignment is involved in the illegal sharing of files. Most files shared on the website are copyrighted and patented. I believe the above site falls in the second category of websites that encourage young people to engage in dangerous or illegal behavior. It is a known fact that sharing of copyrighted files is both immoral and illegal. First, we realize that the website provides a platform for sharing copyrighted music files, software, and movie piracy. Its community page has seven broad download categories, including TV shows, games, applications, movies, music, books, anime, and others (Figure 1.) Figure 1: website community page. Most books being shared on the website are not available for free. In fact, by opening the book’s download link, I found “ Oxford Word Skills – Basic, Intermediate, Advanced – Learn and Practise English Vocabulary + Supplementary Skills Reading ” to be available for free, yet the book is on sale on Amazon.com for $55. The book was uploaded one day before my visit to the website and is already downloaded 1029 times (figure 2). I also believe the website is promoting piracy because even the latest Hollywood movies produced in 2014 that their producers have not earned enough money
Beauty is a complex term which refers to both physical characteristics of the object of person and the aesthetic pleasure, satisfaction and delight which its viewer feels. The concept of beauty is close-knit to human nature, as humans actually created standards and popular understanding of beauty. Human reason normally defines beauty by identifying certain object as magnificent and searching for new aspects which distinguish the look of this object from the others, whereas the involvement of passion into defining beauty leads to the desire for having the object it as one’s own property. The present paper is intended to discuss the reason and passion-oriented perspectives on beauty in Thomas Mann’s “Death in Venice” and Henry James’s “The Spoils of Poynton”. It will argue that in both literary works state the involvement of passion into one’s identification, definition of beauty and interaction with attractive people or splendid pieces of art necessarily inhibits the reason and sober, constructive perception of beauty and consequently results in the degradation of one’s practical reason so that the person becomes dangerous to oneself and people around them. In order to understand how reason and passion define beauty in “The Spoils of Poynton”, it is necessary to look more carefully at the characters of Fleda and Mrs.Gereth. The former is in fact an embodiment of the reason-driven perception of beauty, as she properly appreciates the spoils of Poynton, recognizes their artistic value and even finds the “souls” of the non-living objects: “The ‘things’ are radiant, shedding afar, with a merciless monotony, all their light, exerting their ravage without remorse; and Fleda almost demonically both sees and feels, while the others but feel without seeing” (James, p.18). In this sense, Fleda first sees and only later feels the independence of the luxurious furniture and artworks in Poynton, thus resembling a philosopher who quickly attends to the true nature of the world around them. Fleda is careful and quick-witted, so she doesn’t need much time to conclude that the trophies of Poynton were created by great artists, sculptors and designers who literally invested a particle of their soul into the work of art. Therefore, Fleda is first to recognize that the treasures actually belong neither to Mrs.Gereth, nor to Owen, but rather keep living their inner life (James, p.19). As opposed to the main character, Mrs.Gereth defines and approaches beauty with passion and affection, as she believes she is the person who collected the artworks in one and the same place. She has been taking care about them and treating the beautiful artworks as her own children. Whereas Mona, the perfect example of practical reason, believes the spoils have a right to self-determination, Mrs.Gereth aggressively rejects the possibility of losing control over them (James, p.59). Illustrative is Mrs.Gereth’s definition of ugliness, which suggests that she values beauty in t