ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Based on the content presented in the articles Rethinking Diversity in Public Organizations for the 21st Century: Moving Toward a Multicultural Model and The Ideal of Diversity in Organizations , I have stood a chance to identify two outstanding democratic principles: transparency and team spirit. The paper discusses about the two in relation to workplace diversity. Transparency refers to the openness of an organizational culture. When the executives in an organization are free with critical information concerning the organization’s daily running of affairs, then the organization is transparent. It is being aware of the “everyone ultimately discovers everything” theory, and therefore engaging a book communication policy (Carr-Ruffino, 1996, p. 56). This brings in a situation whereby information such as interviewing procedure, promotion criteria, and other career information is freely shared with the workers so that they feel included in the running of the organization. Team spirit, as a democratic principle too simply refers to the establishment of a collective intelligence pool. This happens when different people come together to contribute and/or participate in the sharing of ideas for decision-making (Hellriegel, & Slocum, 2007, p. 89). At this stage, differences such as educational level, work and life experiences, marital status, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic backgrounds and even personalities are exploited to solve the problem at hand. People nurture unity despite the differences actually using the differences as a means to a common end. A case when those with a wealthy work experience in a certain field provide mentorship for the less seasoned members of staff provides a good illustration of team spirit. In a further analysis of the aforementioned principles, one should note how instrumental diversity is, in the workplace, based on the application of the two democratic processes. It is also important to state here that diversity in itself does, not only promote the principles, but also provides an ambient environment for their manifestation in a workplace scenario (Denhardt, Vinzant, & Aristigueta, 2002, p. 98). It stands out as the fabric where optimal profitability is woven, using the democra
Abstract This paper will give a case illustration of a fifteen-year-old teenage girl who self-mutilates by cutting her arms and legs. The establishment of the client and counselor relationship will be discussed. A family history of the counselee will be provided. Social, biological, and psychological correlates of the counselee’s behavior will be discussed. An unofficial diagnosis will be suggested as well as an inference on a possible treatment plan to help the young counselee to discontinue self-harm. The First Encounter Anna is a girl who stays with her parents in the inner city premises. She is fifteen years old and is studying in the eighth standard. She is particularly fond of jewelry and loves wearing the latest designs of jewelry, clothes and shoes. Her parents live on public assistance and are uncooperative with Ana, which in turn has left a deep scar on her mental health. Her academic records are not up to the standards and she was held up once in the seventh grade. Ana has an older sister, who has no time to listen to her “stupid baby talks”. As her parents are unresponsive and unfeeling to her needs, besides being suspicious of her actions, Ana suffers from acute loneliness as well. Besides, her mother, who works as a part-time babysitter often, leaves Ana to look after the young children, which Ana hates and describes the children as “stupid little brats”. Ana also blames her mother for her failure to clear the seventh grade. Hence, her grades are directly proportional to her home atmosphere. Ana was referred to counseling because she was failing miserably in her life and needed someone to talk to. In the very first meeting, we managed to build a good rapport. I met Ana once a week for two months and after each meeting, she seemed to be improving for the better. She was more open and seemed to be sharing info
One of the most challenging steps in business research is that of arriving at theoretical frameworks. First, there is the theoretical construct, the best of which explain, predict and control phenomena. Examples of these might be job satisfaction, brand loyalty or remote supervision over the Internet. In turn, theoretical frameworks require a constitutive definition: what it is, how it differs from other concepts and constructs, what are its wellsprings and consequences. A good example of such constitutive detail is, “role ambiguity is a direct function of the discrepancy between the information available to the worker and that required for satisfactory performance of a role” (Singh & Rhoads, 1991). Owing to these rigorous requirements, constructing a satisfactory theoretical framework from a single in-depth interview is possible only if the source is the global or national authority in the field and if he or she is prepared to acknowledge conflicting theories. Otherwise, the benefits of a well-done depth interview have to do with exploration of all facets of a problem, pursuing new avenues, clarifying ambiguities or sources of confusion, defining interrelationships, and enabling operationalization of the theory. On the other hand, a reasonable amount of secondary research and review of relevant literature helps the researcher trace how investigation into the phenomenon proceeded over time, gives the maximum opportunity to discover alternative theoretical formulations for the same construct, and reveals options for operationalizing the construct. As well, literature search for less distressing alternatives is legally mandated in the fields of human and animal experimentation. Bibliography Singh, J. & Rhoads, G.K. (1991) Boundary role ambiguity in marketing-oriented positions: A multi-dimensional, multi-faceted operationalization. Journal of Marketing Research, pp. 328-338.
Introduction Managers use job evaluation tools to measure how important different job levels are to the organization. The complexity and value of each job in an organization is determined by the application of these tools (Heathfield, 2010). According to Armstrong et al (2005) job evaluation is used to define the relative importance of different jobs in an organization. This process helps managers develop strategies about the best payment structures and job grading systems to be adopted by an organization. To complete this paper, the human resources manager of a small company within my area was interviewed to obtain information about the job evaluation system applied by his company. The company analyzed was a manufacturing firm where there are many processes involved in the production of goods. Types of job evaluation system According to Armstrong et al (2005), there are two types of job evaluation system: analytical and non-analytical. By the use of analytical job evaluation system, managers use a pre-determined job evaluation system to determine the value and size of job. Different scores are defined to measure the achievement of each employee within the organization. Jobs are ranked depending on the total scores obtained after evaluation. Managers use non-analytical job evaluation system by describing and comparing different jobs in an organization to determine the most important. Roles are matched to each job to establish the best grades for all jobs done in an organization (Armstrong et al 2005). In my interview with the human resources manager of the company I sampled, analytical job evaluation system was identified to be used by the company to come up with different strategies. The company has created a well-defined job evaluation system whereby all jobs are evaluated and graded according to an existing system. The management has designed a profile of grades for each job to be attained by each employee in specific jobs. There are different target goals to be achieved by each job and the importance of each job is reflected by the grades assigned to them. The success of the company is evaluated by determining the achievements of all grades set-up by the management. The management has developed a promotional strategy for its employees by using the job evaluation system. The achieved goals are evaluated against the set goals and grades to determine the importance of job as well as establishing background to promoting employees of the company. Conducting the job evaluation The top management of the company has assigned the human resources manager with the task of conducting jib evaluation within the organization. The company is small and has inadequate resources to employ a job analyst. At the beginning of each financial year the human resour
Introduction The US presidential elections attract numerous candidates for nomination through their respective political parties. The nomination occurs during political conventions, which are held after every 4 years in order to nominate the respective political party’s nominee for the presidential post. The nominated candidate adopts the political party’s goals and principles, which are commonly referred to as ‘the platform’. Political offices attract numerous contestants due to the associated benefits (Coleman & Neale, 2001). Subsequently, politicians undertake intensive campaigns in an effort to ‘sell their ideas’. Therefore, politicians must adopt effective political marketing strategies in order to explain how they intend to create value for the citizens for example, by lowering the cost of living and quality of life. Currently, it is impossible for politicians to avoid adopting various marketing orientations in their quest to run for a particular political office (Rudd, 2009). Marketing is not only essential in winning presidential elections in the United States, but also in positioning oneself as an efficient and effective leader after attaining presidency. The 2016 US presidential elections have attracted a number of contestants who will battle out for nominations. The candidates belong to the two main political parties, viz. the Democratic Party and the Republic Party. This paper evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the various candidates who have declared their interests for the 2016 presidential nominations and how they have positioned themselves using different marketing strategies. Analysis of Democratic candidates Doug Shreffler He was born on 4 December 1959. Over the years, he has been involved in a number of high-ranking government organizations such as the Central Intelligence Agency and as an envoy with the G4 Classification. He is a graduate of the Wentworth Military Academy. Doug Sheffler has gained substantial knowledge with regard to foreign affairs, which is critical in the US’s effort to develop a strong relationship with the international community. In his quest to become the US president, Sheffler has positioned himself as the best candidate for the American people, as evidenced by his allegiance to the American people and not the ideals upheld by his Democratic Party. This aspect shows the extent to which he is committed to liberating the American people from the rapid polarization. Sheffler has positioned himself in the US political environment by communicating this vision to the American people, which entails renewing the American beliefs in their government. His core focus is to nurture unity amongst Americans both in the US and abroad. In a bid to achieve this goal, Sheffler will begin his unification efforts with the White House. He believes that the White House has been a major barrier in the country’s unification efforts by following ineffective traditions. In his opinion, preceding presidents such as the Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, and George Bush have not been effective on various governance issues. For example, the successive governments have not been effe
Europe has been affected massively by the economic crisis. Some nations in Europe have suffered massively and are dragging the entire European economic block behind. Such nations include Spain, Greece and Portugal. While some countries such as Germany and United Kingdom seem to have recovered fully from this crisis others haven’t. One of the key causes of this crisis was fiscal and corporate malpractice by governments and banks respectively. The article indicates that governments should institute proper policies that will ensure the debt-GDP ratio is appropriate. There two sides to borrowing in an economy. First, it encourages expansion of the economy since it increases expenditure. However, borrowing increases expenditure beyond what a nation can sustain on the long run. Furthermore, it also increases recurrent expenditure which does not contribute to the development or expansion of the economy. A government should attempt to establish an optimum level for the debt component in the budget. This will limit the negative implications of the debt component on the economy. The European Union has embraced tougher measures to ensure economic reforms in the nations that are most affected by the debt. Consequently, the union has instituted austerity measures in the nations that are still reeling from the economic crisis. Austerity measures seek to bring sanity to the economy by reducing the gap b
One of the 15 subtests proposed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale is vocabulary. According to this subset, a certain word can be given to the examinee to define its meaning. In most instances, an individual is endowed with a given set of words that he or she can adequately define or explain the meanings. The familiar set of words is referred to as vocabulary. As a matter of fact, the acquisition of knowledge and effective communication skills are developed gradually. In other words, knowledge acquisition and the ability to communicate well are largely dependent on the vocabulary well being of a person. In order to learn the second language, an individual should possess the ability to master extensive volume of vocabulary (Trull, 2013). This is usually one of the toughest challenges when learning the details of a new language. In terms of definition, it is imperative to mention that each person has a unique knowledge in vocabulary and that is why the set of words that a person is familiar with are generally known as vocabulary. This implies that it is necessary to understand the meanings of specific words before an individual can claim to be conversant with certain vocabularies. Word knowledge can be evaluated or measured using quite a number of aspects as described in the following setcions . To begin with, productivity and receptiveness are the first two aspects that can be used to appraise knowledge in the use of vocabularies. The receptive vocabulary of a person comprises of a set of words that can be easily comprehended through seeing, hearing or reading. Such words may either be well known or completely unknown by the user. For instance, children can still respond to certain categories of simple vocabularies even though they are not in a position to read or write. Needless to say, the receptive capacity of a child may contain hundreds of words. If a person produces specific and suitable words that are compatible with the situation at hand, the scenario is referred to as productive vocabulary. This type of vocabulary requires some degree of knowledge or thinking in order to come up with an appropriate wording (Wechsler, 2004). An active vocabulary may not fit all forms of productive vocabularies used by a person who is communicating. The intended message may not be relayed merely because an individual can write, sign or pronounce a specific word. The latter is just an indication that the person has a small quantity of productive knowledge. Second, the degree of knowledge is an important parameter in the development of vocabulary. There is vast ability that an individual can be endowed with when it comes to vocabulary acquisition. A person takes quite a long time before he or she can build a large volume of vocabulary. There are some cases when certain words are never encountered. This limits the vocabulary base of an individual. In some instances, a person might have heard the word although he or she cannot describe it. These are some of the limitations of vocabulary acquisition. T
Historical Overview Our airline is a leading American air carrier, one of the main advantages of which is extremely low prices. Spirit Airlines is headquartered in Florida today, but our history began in Michigan in 1964 (“Spirit Airlines History,” 2017). At that time, we had an entirely different name. A little later, in 1980, our creators decided to call the service Charter One. The planes of Spirit Airlines had not yet transported their passengers in different directions throughout the United States by that time, and the key points were the West Coast, as well as Atlantic City. Nevertheless, later, in 1990, the territory covered by our company increased. In 1992, the owners of the transportation service called our unit Spirit Airlines, and this name is familiar to almost all Americans today. Every year, the coverage of the territory, where our company carries out its flights, increases. In the early 21st century, Spirit Airlines established a separate direction outside of America and aimed at Puerto Rico. Rather soon, our company received the status of a very low-cost carrier, and our pilots began to make their flights to different parts of the US and beyond. According to “Spirit Airlines History” (2017), there are about 52 flight destinations today, including the Caribbean, as well as
In January 1848, California experienced considerable social, economical, and cultural changes. In the course of time, this land has become the dream of each person that gives a chance to make a fortune out of nothing. People belonging to different ethnic groups arrived at this land in the hope to become full-fledged members of society and preserve their cultural identity. The popularity of this land was also economically and historically predetermined thus alluring more and human resources and economical stability. The above shows that California is equal to reinventing oneself because it opens the door to opportunities and ways to get connected to diversities of cultures. One can firmly state that California was reborn during the Gold Rush, as this event activated economical, natural, and cultural resources of the land. It also fostered the penetration of other national groups and communities. Together with appearance of newcomers, there emerged new roads, schools and a powerful government (Wiegand 1998). Hence, California was reinvented as a state of unlimited possibilities and endless natural resources. Pursuing the time from the Gold Rush up the present time, California has been still described as the land of palm trees and beautiful beaches. In the essay California: A Place, a People, a Dream , James Rawls (2004) states that success and prosperity were the heart of California. In the second half of the twentieth century, people started their trip to the Promising Land in the search of “quick and easy wealth” so that “ …the more and more hopeful miners arrived, the more prospects for the promise being fulfilled dimmed accordingly” (Rawls, 2004, p. 27). Those historical events have firmly perpetuated to the image of the contemporary California. Historians have stated that the Gold
Memo on the need for art in an office environment Pieces of art as a part of the office environment help both employees of the office and visitors to recognize the specific identity of the workplace. Art in general and, especially, visual forms of art help not only to create an atmosphere in the office space but also to state the level and status of an organization implicitly. Of course, it is also important to emphasize the fact that different artworks send different messages to those who see them, as well as they can indicate various backgrounds in terms of education, financial status, and cultural awareness of the company’s management (Schmitt, Simonson, & Marcus, 1999). For that reason, the optimal solution for the office would be art that shows some level of sophistication but is not imposing or provocative. However, it is also important to have some brighter accents on the calm and neutral background. In such a way, a combination of impressionists and post-impressionists artworks would create a perfect combination. 19th-century Impressionist paintings and sculpture As an art movement, Impressionism originated in France during the 19th century. Although it caused some controversy at first, at the moment, Impressionist art has been, for a long while, positively acclaimed by critics. Moreover, it is also important to point out the fact that due to its neutrality, Impressionist works of art are regarded as more calm, elegant, and exquisite (Dempsey, 2002). The main idea behind such pieces of art is to convey the author’s impression, and it is more focused on fine details rather than provocative nature, which is why it is a perfect option for the office environment. Among the particular works of art that would be appropriate, there are Impression, Sunrise (1872) by Claude Monet, The Thinker (1904) by Auguste Rodin, and Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette (1876) by Pierre-Auguste Renoir (Dempsey, 2002). (Impression, Sunrise, n.d.) (The Thinker, n.d.) (Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette, n.d.) Of course, due to the fact that the best Impressionist works are world-renowned and quite expensive, it would be more expensive to use replicas. In such a way, it is possible to remain cost-efficient, to liven up the office space with tasteful art, without imposition on employees and visitors. The location of the painting is also very important. First of all, Impression, Sunrise by Claude Monet is a painting that embodies a new beginning. It depicts a beautiful sunset that is yet painted in very reserved colors (Dempsey, 2002). The best location for such a piece of art would be in the entrance hall. In such a way, it would symbolize a start of a new day for the employees and a new beginning of partnership relationships for the customers. It is also significant that the copy of the painting could be bigger than the original. It needs to be noticeable no
Introduction The subject of media is quite broad and interesting. Therefore, it is critical to picture the main topics that were covered to provide a solid foundation for the other topics in the subject. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to explore three of the main topics that were covered in the subject. These are:  1. A Changing Media Landscape: Key Contemporary Shifts?  2. Contemporary Advertising: Monetizing Changing Media Audiences  3. Has the Digital Revolution Caused the Demise of Traditional Journalism? The paper seeks to enhance the level of understanding of these topics through an analytical review of the underlying theories and concepts. A Changing Media Landscape: Key Contemporary Shifts? This topic explores a number of issues concerning the structural changes that are eminent in the media industry. The emerging media landscape depicts changes in the media content and the techniques of delivering the content to the audience. Therefore, I examine three key areas under this topic. These are: the digitization of media, the degree of commercialization of media in the contemporary times, and the continued embrace of integration between different players in the media industry. Under this, I review the entertainment aspect and socialization of the media. To begin with, it is important to note that the media industry is witnessing a revolution. Structural changes in the media industry pose both a challenge and an opportunity for the media companies. The revolution in the media industry is depicted by the widespread structural changes in media practices due to the introduction of new technologies and new practices. According to Kaul (2012), a large number of the structural changes that are taking place in the media industry resonate from the emergence of digital technologies. Digital technologies results in what most people refer to as the digitalization of med