ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There are three perspectives that are instrumental in the analysis of organisational theory, viz. the modernist, symbolic interpretive, and the post-modernist perspectives. The focus of this paper is the decision by McDonalds to open a new station at Tecoma Victoria, which has been met by opposition and hostility by the limited populace (2085 residents) of this small village located in the Dandenong Ranges. The primary objection launched by the villagers is the threat to the ranges’ tourism industry and the anticipated pollution that shall result from having such an outlet as the various customers litter the streets and pollute the environment with such waste. On the other hand, McDonalds is pushing for the establishment at Tecoma, most likely because of the hundreds of thousands of tourists that visit the area during peak seasons. Modernist Analysis Environment Modernist theorists construe the environment as an external element of the organisation so that in diagrammatic expression it would resemble the figure below: Figure 1 However, this external entity imposes constraints and restrictions on the performance of the organisation and requires compliance. Nevertheless, in most cases, scholars argue that what happens within an organisation carries more weight compared to what happens outside the same. This assertion might be true to some extent, but external environment to an organisation cannot be overlooked and thus failure to comply usually results in the risk of failure to survive. Additionally, the organisation’s structure is influenced by these external pressures, which are not usually fully understood by the organisation’s leaders albeit forming a significant motivation for the organisation’s policies (Scott 2007). Therefore, the decision by McDonald’s to open an outlet in Tecoma indicates one such reaction to environmental factors. The possible factor in question is the lack of an avid competitor in the region especially in light of the fact that during peak seasons, hundreds of tourists flock the ranges. The three elements of modernist organisational environment include the inter-organisational network, the general environment, and the international or global environment. The inter-organisational network entails employees, suppliers, distributers, customers, and special interest groups. In the case of the Tecoma outlet decision, McDonald’s has already burnt several bridges with the local residents, who would usually form the bulk of employees and consumers. This aspect is hazardous and unwise and some major damage control is necessary for the McDonald’s quest to materialise (Greenwood et al. 2008). In a bid to ensure better relations, it is necessary for the McDonald’s organisation to readjust its entrance strategy into the Tecoma market. Without the goodwill of the target market segment, it would be almost impossible for McDonald’s to make a successful entry into the region. One of the possible ways it can undertake this venture is by ensuring that it regulates its pollution policy to align it with
Unit 5: Youth Ministry in Context Introduction: towards a framework for youth ministry No ministry is performed in a vacuum and youth ministry is no exception. We all have a particular perspective on ministry that is shaped by our experiences, level of education, church background, culture and spiritual maturity. The perspectives that we bring to ministry can be very valuable when we minister in contexts that match our backgrounds and past experiences. Few youth ministers however have this privilege and those that do, quickly realise that the fluid nature of youth ministry necessitates a constant rethink of their perspective. What is required is a framework which aids thinking about the task of youth ministry that ensures that Biblical beliefs, values and practices are constantly upheld in our ministry to young people regardless of context. Furthermore, the framework should aid us in remaining culturally relevant to young people regardless of context and their developmental stage. The following framework suggested by Dunn in Reaching A Generation For Christ is a good starting place for evaluating and rethinking the perspective on ministry that we currently hold. It is suggested by Dunn that youth ministry should be viewed through three framework lenses:  1. A theological framework lens;  2. A developmental framework lens;  3. A socio-cultural framework lens. Figure 1.1 shows the dynamic interplay and constant dialogue between the three frameworks. They do not operate in isolation but are constantly informing each other. Youth ministry (and in fact all ministry) takes place at the intersection of the three frameworks and it is therefore imperative that the youth minister ‘wears’ each lens, and spends sufficient time getting to grips with the issues presented by each of the frameworks. Theological Framework: A ‘God-View’ The theological framework lens enables the youth minister to understand ‘the way God sees’. The theological lens is at the core of the leader’s belief system and provides significance to the task of youth ministry in the following ways:  1. It provides the basic rationale (Foundation) for youth ministry;  2. It guides the ministry God-ward;  3. It guides the ministry into the faith community (church);  4. It critiques ministry practices;  5. It determines the content and shapes the delivery of teaching;  6. It provides ministry motivation and challenge for service. Youth ministers need to develop a theological maturity that matches the importance of the task that they have been privileged with. Section A in this Unit will alert you to the basic topics that should be grasped in developing a
This essay focuses on the HFSON Conceptual Framework by providing exploratory and deep analysis alongside implications for nursing students as they make connections with the model and their roles as nurses. The framework recognizes the role of nurses, patients, community, and the environment, but it aims to nurture and foster excellence, accountability, diversity, scholarly endeavors, service, collaboration, and holism in the nursing profession. These components would result into professionalism, caring, effective communication, human development, critical thinking, and evidence-based practices among nurses. The HFSON Conceptual Framework of nursing was developed from Myra Levine’s model with specific attention to the client and the environment. In the model, the client could be an individual, family, or community. Clients are holistic beings who experience changes because of their interactions with both internal and external environments. A client interacts with family members as an integral part of the society. These entities offer support, love, and encouragement to the client. The model identifies the importance of protecting personal and social integrity of the client and family. The model recognizes the community as it relates to social, personal, and structural identities of its members. In this regard, the framework requires nurses to define and promote values, belief systems identity, and social norms of their clients. Therefore, health and illness are critical aspects of the model as they occur when a client responds to environmental challenges. Illness and health make the role of nurses to be dynamic, goal-oriented, humanistic, and interactive as they strive to enhance, restore, and maintain totality of their clients. Nursing relies on scientific principles, which nurses must adhere to as they implement nursing interventions that are supportive and therapeutic. In cases of failing adaptation, supportive interventions sustain the client’s wholeness while therapeutic interventions enhance prevention, recovery, and restoration of health. Nursing practices rely on nursing theories or models. These models have developed nursing as a profession. Nursing models are responsible for providing guidelines and directions for developing professional nursing procedures and research for evidence-based practices. Nurses can rely on them to gather reliable data concerning the health status of their clients in order to enhance decision-making and interventions. For instance, studies have shown that nurses have used Levine’s Conservation Model to improve the quality of care among their patients (Chang, Lai, Liu and Huang, 2013; Abumaria, Hastings-Tolsma and Sakraida, 2014). In addition, nurses have used models to develop criteria for evaluating the quality of nursing care. Nursing models also help in develop
George Washington Plunkitt was an American politician who was a member of Tammany Hall, a political organization in New York City. His memoirs, Plunkitt of Tammany Hall , discuss his opinions on various topics in politics. In particular, a lot of the chapters reflect Plunkitt’s thoughts on how a politician should behave. Although there are some positive aspects of his attitudes and behaviors in politics, Plunkitt’s views are rather controversial and could be considered an example of political manipulation. In his discussion of honest graft, Plunkitt argues that politicians should use their knowledge about proposed construction or development initiatives to increase their fortune. For example, Plunkitt writes that it is an example of an honest graft when a politician receives confidential information about public improvements and buys land in the area to sell it to the public at a higher price. The author sees this behavior as merely taking an opportunity, but in the contemporary political context, most people would view it as an example of corruption and abuse of political power (Roberts). However, it is also possible to view Plunkitt’s description from a different viewpoint. In his argument, the author encourages politicians to take opportunities that are offered to them. When considering this point in the context of political activism in general, it is rather benign and could help to strengthen the overall political landscape in America. For instance, it suggests that successful local politicians should seize opportunities to improve their influence and position in politics to have more impact. Hence, the principles of politicians’ behavior proposed by Plunkitt could be useful in some contexts. Plunkitt also describes behaviors that a politician should use in order to obtain more votes. For example, he argues that politicians should “study human nature and act accordin’.”
Introduction Alexander I of Russia also known as Tsar Alexander was born in Saint Petersburg to the late emperor Paul 1, who was a Grand Duke, and Maria Feodorova. Alexander 1 was the eldest in a family of four brothers. Alexander was raised up by his grandmother, Catherine the Great. He underwent emotional turmoil owing to the influence on his life by his grandmother and the father who held contrasting views on many issues. Catherine the great was advocating and persuading the young Alexander to adopt the principles of the Genevois philosopher, Rousseau. This great philosopher held the view that uncorrupted morals prevailed in the state of nature. He noted that the negative influences in the society were as a result of the transformation from love to pride. In his book, the social contract, he outlined the requirements and the basics of a legal governance system build within an accepted organization called classical republicanism. These were the virtues the grandmother wanted Alexander to adhere to when he took to the helm. However, he learnt about the long held traditions of the Russian autocracy during his interaction with the military governor. Through these influences and the input from his father, Young Alexander learnt to uphold the virtues of love towards the human kind while at the same time retained some elements of contempt to humanity. This essay will discuss Alexander I and the Holy Alliance in the historic time within the After Vienna Treaty and the building of Europe with Great Powers. Alexander married Louise of Baden on October 1793 when he was only 15 years old. Three years later, her grandmother died thus ushering his father, Paul 1, to the throne contrary to her wishes. The tenure of Paul 1 was acrimonious and short-lived resulting in his assassination in March 1801. According to Schnitzler in his book, Alexander was crowned the Kremlin on March 24 1801 thus officially succeeding his father. He endeavored to restore and reform the Russian system of governance. This led him to relax some laws such as the censorship and travel which were detrimental in the lives of the serfs. Most of these rules were imposed by his predecessor and thus the need for their abolition to restore the freedom enjoyed during the reign of the Catherine the Great. Alexander I early years as Emperor of Russia During his early years of his leadership, Alexander invaded Persia in 1804-15 and Turkey in the years 1806-12. These wars were successful and resulted in the annexation of Georgia and Caucasus from the Persian authorities. The Bessarabia and the parts of the black sea in the eastern side were also seized from the Turks. In subsequent battles with Sweden, his army was able to annex Finland. Nonetheless, the luck and superiority enjoyed by the Russian army came under intense test when the Russian engaged France troops in battles of supremacy. This led to Alexander 1 to extend an olive branch to Napoleon thereby resulting in the treaty of Tilsit in July 1807. The treaty meant that the Russian emperor had to recognize the Grand Dutchy of Warsaw which was initially given to Prussia in 1795 Partition. N
The concept of using tourism as a tool for bringing development in communities has elicited a lot of debate with some people doubting the viability of the approach. Malaysia is an example of countries that have succeed in using pro-poor based tourism to foster development in economical struggling communities (Azarya, 2004). The state of Sarawak in the eastern part of Malaysia has embraced different forms of tourism such as research tourism, cultural tourism, adventure tourism and development conferencing in to bring economic empowerment in the community. The Bario community has interwoven tourism with both cultural and social aspects of the community to bring about development. Tourism has continued to thrive in rural communities because it is easy for farmers in living in rural communities due to the entrepreneurial and independent capacity that they have. Despite creating employment opportunities for the poor people in rural areas, tourism has brought other benefits such as the development of information and communication technologies have made information flow much more easier and efficient (Azarya, 2004). This paper will highlight how tourism is an important development tool for community development using the Bario community in the Sarawak state of eastern Malaysia as our case study. Tourism in Bario community has an interesting history and it actually started unexpectedly. Bario community is a rural commun
Reports from the scene are spotty in terms of numbers killed or injured, and you do not know how many patients you may be getting Effective disaster management in a health care setting relies on timely and accurate information to assist decision-making. Due to the nature of the emergency event described and the lack of credible information, initial response should be based on the assumption that the majority of injuries are traumatic unless new data is available. In case of an emergency event, the following sources of information can be used to estimate the number and the severity of casualties:   * An emergency manager could be contacted to get relevant information from first responder organizations.   * Twitter could be used to gather the latest information about the situation on the emergency scene. Twitter users provide firsthand accounts of the events as they unfold in real time, including photos and videos. In addition to regular users, major news outlets such as CNN use Twitter as a means of delivering the latest reports. Twitter has a feature called Twitter Alerts which is used by a number of emergency agencies, including American Red Cross and Federal Emergency Management Agency, to issue alerts in case of an emergency situation.   * TV news reports typically include some footage from the scene which could be used to assess the severity of the emergency situation.   * Emergency channel on the radio could be monitored to get information from the scene as it becomes available.   * Call Detail Records data can be used to estimate the number of people at the scene of the emergency event (Gething & Tatem, 2011). In order to manage an emergency situation with the minimum disruption to regular hospital functioning, it is necessary to develop emergency management plan (EMP) and provide relevant training to the health care personnel before the event ( OSHA Best Practices for Hospital-Based First Receivers of Victims , 2005). Such plan should be initiated in case of an emergency situation in order to establish a chain of command, gather information regarding the nature of the disaster, prepare the hospital for patient surge, and “provide the best care possible given the resources and physical conditions” ( Adapting Standards of Care Under Extreme Conditions , 2008, p. 18). When faced initially with a disaster situation in a health care setting, what should be the first five steps? Why? The following five-step plan is proposed to deal with a disaster situation in a health care setting:  1. Initiation of the EMP. Incident command system should be in
Introduction The main purpose of school is to educate individuals in society to school is an essential tool of transformation for students. Education plays a significant role in influencing a student’s overall perspective of life and their ability to perform. The increase in population and cultural change continue to place huge expectation on the school. The school’s responsibility is not only to teach basic arithmetic, reading and writing skills, but also influence the students to have an influence on society in general. The role of schools in contemporary society Schools have the mandate to provide educational programs, which are important to develop integrated systems. These should model service delivery where these systems come together; community organizations, judiciary and other social services. Instead of the school system duplicating effort, it would ensure a smooth transition from school to work place and from youth to adulthood. Most importantly, school experience should influence a positive relationship between school and the entire community. Important factors in the education of students There are several significant factors in the education of students; to ensure the acquisition of skills, knowledge and attitude to develop personal meaning relevant to their personal experiences (Case 1). In the formulation of programs and policies that are inclusive, it is important for educators to understand that every student is unique. The curriculum creation should therefore involve creation of an enabling environment and appropriate teaching techniques. These have to respond to changes in society that include cultural and technological advancement. Education should be able to relate to personal growth, attitude, behavior and general awareness of important aspects of life. The relevance of teaching techniques should keep up with the pace of technological advancement. Teaching methods perhaps, have not kept pace with our fast-paced technical society and cultural changes. They should be contextual regarding students’ ability, education resources and relevance of the curriculum. In the illustration to the gifted students, the teacher attempts to show how birds learn to fly. These open ended questions do not tap into the student’s initiative, to provide innovative ideas, therefore unsuccessful (Case 1). On the contrary, the use of how to weigh a giraffe illustration allows students to be creative. Therefore, it is important for the teacher to switch from a teacher-centered to a student centered classroom. It is important for all stakeholders to get involved. The parents should evaluate their value of expectations on schools to teach their children life lessons. Identify this and play their respective roles without necessarily blaming educators, education polices or funding by the government. The environment at home has an impact on the student’s achievement at school. Without excessive expectations exacted on them by parents and educators,
Executive Summary Gap is world class reputable retail company which sales clothing and related accessories of all kind. It sells men, women and kids clothes. The company is well established all over the world, operating more than 3100 stores world wide. These are established in most centers with high demand for their products. These include North America United States, Canada and many more developed countries of the Europeans countries. Although the company has an online system, which makes it possible to access the market costs across the geographical boundaries, the company recorded decrease in revenues since the previous two consecutive years. Revenue dropped by 1.5 % from the 2005 figures in the last two years. This was in correspondence with the drop of the years’ profits. Company’s Purpose and Values The company connects with the customers around the world by having inspiring product design, unique store experience and compelling market. The main purpose of the company is to make it easy it easy for the customers to express their personal style throughout their life. The company is guided by values such as integrity, respect, open- mindedness, quality and balance. Stakeholders The stakeholders are the shareholders who are withdrawn from the entire world countries. They are not the managing groups but they are well informed in the annual reports and the reports from mid year audits on the operations of the company. Internal Analysis and SWOT of Gap INC. SWOT analysis Strengths: The Company has a dedicated management team that has enabled to prosper to great heights. Headed by a chairman, the board of directors controls operations of the company. The CEO acts as the president of the company and controls the day to day activity of the company. Strength of the company is in its chain store. With more than 3,191 stores all over the word, the company is able to reach its customers and expand its market base. The company also has a very efficient production system. This has enabled it to go to higher heights since it delivers quality products on time. Opportunities: There is a growing market for the fashion industry in the world that the company can exploit. The growing number of fashion shows in the world can be used by the company to market its companies clothing wear. Weaknesses: The Company has weaknesses in coordinating its sales due to its large operation structure. Threats: The competition in the market is a big threat to the company since more and more players are coming in the industry. The gap inc. company lost revenue and market shares during the plissé’s tenure because of several factors which affected the company’s business operations and management. This includes the following: The Company had poor strategies in marketing of their products. The company had unethical investment of its finances. This investment came from the company’s shares. This compelled the company to close down some of the newly established company investments / stores. Also the market was susceptible to market swings. Recomm