T cells are immune cells, activated as an adaptive immune response to release cytokines that help innate and adaptive immunity. These cells do not bind to pathogen but bind to peptides generated by the degradation of these pathogens and presented on major histocompatibility (MHC) complex molecules, found in antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, B-cells, and macrophages. These T cells have receptors with alpha (light): beta (heavy) chain or in some rare cases, they have gamma: delta chain. These chains are synthesized in the thymus and are derived from the same precursor (Parham 79). There are two classes of MHC molecules, MHCI and II. The naïve T cells in the secondary lymphoid; when they encounter an antigen presented on MHC of dendritic cells, they differentiate and proliferate into effector T cells, CD8 or CD4 T cells depending on the class of MHC antigen complex the naïve T cell bind to. These effector T cells then are transported to the site of infection where they encounter target cells with specific antigen MHC complex. The target cells activate these effector CD8 (binds to MHCI) and CD4 (binds to MHCII antigen complex) into cytotoxic T cells and helper T cell 1 Th1. CD4 T cell also differentiate into another subset along with Th1, called Th2 (helper T cell 2)which interacts with naive antigen presenting B cells in lymphoid body with the specificity of same antigen as themselves and help activate B cells which differentiate further into antibody producing plasma B cells. Th2 produces cytokines such as IL-4, IL5 and 13, which help in regulating humoral immunity and allergic reactions. Memory T cells are produced in the primary response during the colonial expansion of both short-lived pathogen specific T cell, which work to stop the infection and the long-lived memory T cells that will form future protection against pathogen (Parham 102). Memory T cells increase the speed of secondary response. A clear example of T cell coordinating adaptive immune response is the production of cytokines such as IFN gamma by Th1 cell to regulate adaptive immune response by recruiting inflammatory cells such as macrophages, and dendritic cells to the site of infection to engulf and kill phagocytes. Th17 is one of the lineages of effector T cells. Unlike Th1 and Th2 cells Th17 expresses cytokines IL-17, 17F, 6, 21, 22, and TNF alpha, are known to regulate the accumulation of inflammatory cells at the site of infections and play a pathogenic role in autoimmunity (Romagnani, Maggi, Liotta, Cosmi, & Annunziato 7). Moreover, the differentiation pathway of Th17 is unique for it does not share any downstream transcription elements with Th1 and Th2. Th17 cells are found at the interfaces between the internal environment and external environment such as lining of intestine, skin and protect these surfaces from pathogenic bacteria. Th17 cells are stimulated by IL-23, which has a very similar subunit to IL-12 that is used to stimulate Th1 cell. Many of the surface marker of Th1 are also found in Th17; however, expression of certain markers such as markers from TNF super family, CD28 family, B7 family, and inducible co-stimulator are expressed more intensel