ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Many people have had different questions regarding globalization, some asking whether it is the integration of economic, social, political and cultural systems across the world or the dominance of the developed countries in making decisions at the expense of the poor regions. Others have questioned whether it can contribute to the economic growth, prosperity or the democratic freedom or it is a force for devastation of the environment and exploitation of the developing countries. This paper handles what a truly global economy is with emphasis on the consequences of the current economic crisis. Globalization Globalization refers to all aspects that seek to increase not only the connectivity but also the interdependence of the world’s markets. The main factor that has led to the increase in globalization is the technological advancement that allows people to freely move communicate and trade internationally. It is the interconnectedness of production, communication and technologies all over the world. It involves both cultural and economic activities. Additionally, it is said to be such a diverse, deep-rooted force that not even the current massive economic crisis can break it down or permanently destroy it. Many argue that globalization has brought about increased opportunities for everybody in the world, irrespective of their social backgrounds. The rich and poor actively participate in globalization. On the other hand, others who are against globalization claim that it has deprived some people in terms of resources, as they cannot compete with the rest of the world. “Globalization raises new challenges for governance, especially vis-vis the roles of government, workers, and citizens in the new economic order” (Ashford, 2004, pp.52). The differential success of regulation regimes affects the progress of globalization within many nations around the globe. Introduction of global markets has lead to many changes. One of the major changes is the harmonization of principles. This has been a success through the integration of ILO conventions and international environmental agreements. Many nations are reluctant in surrendering their overall autonomy since they are afraid of the possible negative impacts of the possible economic integration. A truly global economy Nations around the world began to globalize their economies towards the end of the eighteenth century as major discoveries on geography started influencing everyday’s business life. During this time, the economic interests as well as the advancements in technologies could not stand to integrate the world’s economies. Community wars and political instabilities have made the economic integration process and creation of a unified market place more unrealistic. This has caused the world economy to continue with the strengthening of integration. It is also being taken to the oblivion further by the differences in national developments that have proved to be increasing on a daily basis. As far as technology is concerned, many countries are lagging behind and have no characteristics of a global econom
Introduction It is evident that many organizations are working towards becoming customer-centric. Companies are aiming at satisfying as many customers as possible by producing products that are expected to fit different demographic parameters of the society. In this regard, this paper aims at evaluating whether this marketing initiative is flawed or it can be a success if pursued. In order for the paper to clearly demystify the underlying facts in this paper, relationship theory of marketing will be used to investigate whether this marketing strategy is flawed or it can be successful. From its foundations, the paper will justify whether the study is worth investigating and why it is important to the marketing department. Flaws in Wanting To Please So Many Customers Many organizations that have set on pleasing as many customers as possible have resulted in having many files for inactive customers stashed in their cabinet walls. This is because many organizations have a tendency to serve clients and later open a file for them on the assumption that these customers will stay and become loyal customers. In most incidences, this optimistic marketing strategy fails. This is because the organization’s marketing department did not take its time to develop a good relationship with the customer prior to opening a file on them. Therefore, after a year or so, when the company decides to evaluate the number of customers in its portfolio, it establishes that they have many docile customers (Ferrell and Hartline, 2010). According to Zimmerman (2001), the reasons why customers leave a certain organization can partially be attributed to the fact that they feel that the organization does not care about them. This scenario is likely to arise where the organization aims at pleasing too many customers simultaneously. Many companies spend more than 80% of their marketing budget in pursuit of new customers instead of maintaining and nurturing a relationship with the existing ones (Ferrell and Hartline, 2010). This marketing strategy cost organizations more than six times selling the same product to a prospecting customer than it would have cost selling the same to an already established customer. Therefore, it is the duty of the marketing department to develop good relationship with the customers so that they can often purchase the organization’s products (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2008). This relationship can be built by treating customers as strategic partners in the company as this will prove to them that the company cares about their concerns. This objective is only attainable if the organization satisfies its customers by selling the right products that are supported by the right promotion paraphernalia that ascertains that the products are available for the market at the right time and in the right place for the customers (The University of Michigan, 2002). For the organization to achieve this objective, it should dedicate its best staff to do this job. This is because customers are easily won by competitors, more so when they detect indifference or insincerit
The variety of literary works can easily teach the reader or make to change the reader’s mind and attitude to a situation. On the one hand, the works and their messages differ because of various authors, periods of time, and interests. On the other hand, the similarities between the works of absolutely different authors are united by their messages to help the reader evaluate this life and make the necessary improvements. The analysis of Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway and Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin proves that different approaches to life and its challenges, unique visions of the writers, and certain writing techniques may lead to one purpose – promote the reader to think about people around and grasp the ways of how to understand each other. Such fiction elements like plot, characters, and settings in the two short stories are perfectly described and serve as powerful means to explain the essence of the stories: plots of the stories touch upon the relations of two relatives (a couple in Hills Like White Elephants and brothers in Sonny’s Blues ), who need to takes important decisions and think about their future lives in spite of rather depressive and disappointing settings. The success of the story usually depends on a properly chosen author’s technique. In case with the works of Hemingway and Baldwin, their choices of techniques are justified and rather effective. The plots of the stories under discussion are all about human relations and the necessity to find out the connection and understanding. The peculiar feature of Baldwin’s plot is the idea to use flashbacks and add to the plot more captivating details and facts. It may seem that the reader knows enough to accept one more idea, however, a new flashback adds another circumstance that should be evaluated on a new level, and the relations between two brothers become more interesting and understandable. Hemingway describes a certain period of time between two people, who are going to make one of the most important decision in their lives. And even in the situation, when the decision should be taken by both, male domination is still evident, and a girl does not have enough powers and skills to live in accordance with her own principles and demands. In Hills Like White Elephants , a young couple is bothered with an idea of having a baby. A girl believes that “things are like white elephants” so strange, so innocent, and so beautiful (Hemingway 121). She wants her unborn child help her to accept this world as it is and enjoy its beauty and charm. However, her couple is not ready to forget about his interests and desires and devote his life to their baby. Almost the same is observed in relations between two bothers in Sonny’s Blues. Sonny tries to demonstrate his brother the beauty of music and the grounds of his choice, but it is hard for the elder brother to follow his brother’s dreams and thoughts. Settings of the stories deserve more
American food is the food that is developed in America using American standards. Much of the food in America was not Native American food (Bauman College, 2011). The adoption of the different styles of cooking and foods and the fusion of these foods has made them American. Therefore, American food is the food that the American people have developed and accepted into their culture. History of the American Food The Native Americans used to get most of their food from the sea. The seafood comprised of the cod, lemon sole, sturgeon, and drum, and among others. The West Coast produced the Salmon and Olachen for them. They also hunted the Whale and used its meat and oil for their meals. The Crustaceans included the crayfish, lobsters, and shrimps. Their diet included other seafood like the shellfish, and among others. The Change of the American Food through Different Centuries Various cooking methods have, since colonial time, involved some European methods to form American cuisine (Bauman College, 2011). The most common ways of preparing meat were grilling and spit roasting. They improvised the ways of cooking the root vegetables. Due to the lack of pottery techniques, they could heat stones and place them on the pot containing water. As the water was boiling, their food inside the water would cook. They used the adobe ovens to bake their cornmeal bread. In some areas, the made dug pits oven. The Europeans arrived with the introduction of European meals. They planted crops that were familiar to them back at home. Although they introduced their cuisine using cookbooks from their country of origin, they also incorporated the American local foods in their diet. English food became part of the American diet. Some of the main writers included Hannah Glasse, who wrote the book called ‘The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy’. They could also hunt for the game meat. Some of the animals they hunted included the buffalo, wild turkey, and the bear. They could roast the meat and serve with the currant sauce while the smaller pieces went into soups, stews, and pastries (Long, 2015). They made their fats and oils from the animals they slaughtered. They also took wine, brandy, whiskey, rum, and beer. The American Food Distribution around the World After the colonial period, many more foods came into being. The rocky mountain oysters and the peanut butter were some of the new developments. Although they remained regional and national, some of the new foods spread all over the world. They exported the popcorns and the skills of making the fried chicken, cornbread, and unleavened muffins. The Coca-Cola Company opened distribution points in other countries worldwide. Some of the American restaurants also opened other selling points in Europe, and this made them spread American Cuisine worldwide. They could serve the hamburgers with the French fries, coleslaw, some ketchup, and chili sauce (Long, 2015). The industrialization era affected the food industry, and there was a need for modernized ways of processing fo
Introduction The traditional fairy tales have undergone a huge transition in the popular culture to adopt a more liberal approach. This has been attributed to the concepts of poaching and relevance. The popular culture has modified the traditional fairy tales to fit into their own personalized comprehension with a view of making them more relevant. Poaching and relevance are two concepts that are closely intertwined in the popular culture (Sensoy and Marshall 194). This is attributed to the fact that they both play a vital role in fostering a cultural creation that is known as the ‘popular’. Poaching entails the act of taking a traditional folk tale in an attempt to create some relevance by altering the original work. The concepts of poaching and relevance are applied by different writers who possess diverse authorial agenda with the main aim of transforming the fairy story. The fairy tale needs to have a social relevance to the target audience. The writers apply the motifs and elements of traditional folk tales to come up with stories that either relate directly or indirectly with their own occurrences and ideologies. This has expanded to internalize the desires of the new audience. This paper will focus on the folk tale Cinderella as depicted in Mark Rosman’s ‘A Cinderella Story’ (2004) to illustrate the concepts of poaching and relevance in the popular culture and how the two tales differ from each other. Cinderella As Depicted In Mark Rosman’s ‘A Cinderella Story’ Cinderella is a traditional folk tale that has been used to elaborate and bring to fore the element of unjust oppression that is overcome with a triumphant reward. The traditional folk tale tells the story of a beautiful title character named Cinderella who lives a happy life as a child before the death of her father (Dundes 14). The circumstances surrounding her life under the custody of her mean stepmother and stepsisters are unfortunate as she is subjected to forcefully serve them. However, her life takes a drastic turn when the prince holds a ball in a view to acquire a bride. Cinderella attends the ball with the help of the godmother and she dances with prince the whole night to the envy of every girl
Introduction The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe were marked by a rapid expansion of agricultural productivity that necessitated a growth in the production of manufactured goods. Technological advances facilitated a demographic explosion that led to changes in the patterns of urbanization. Economic prosperity created by the Industrial Revolution allowed European banking industries to evolve, which resulted in the emergence of new financial instruments (Wiesner-Hanks 484-486). The aim of this paper is to discuss economic and technologic developments that took place in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe and their implications for the continent. Main Themes The European economy started gradually evolving at the beginning of the seventeenth century when the introduction of new crops and agricultural techniques substantially increased labor output (Wiesner-Hanks 456). More efficient food production allowed selling surplus products in local and regional markets, which propelled the development of urban infrastructures and improved shipbuilding. The transformation of agricultural practices was followed by a steady population growth. Over a span of one century, the European population increased by twenty percent (Wiesner-Hanks 463). It happened due to the ever-growing life expectancy and eradication of pests, which substantially diminished death rates from infectious diseases. Unfortunately, the additional agricultural output was not commensurable with the dramatic demographic upsurge; therefore, it brought about food shortages and uprisings. Nutritional deficiency was ameliorated by the introduction of potatoes that improved the European caloric intake. The emergence of proto-industries, which was followed by the Industrial revolution, allowed to increase consumption that stimulated the economic growth in Europe (Wiesner-Hanks 475). The economic development was made possible by new technological advancements that improved the productivity of manual labor. Capitalist entrepreneurs were more than willing to appropriate surplus labor; therefore, small-and large-scale enterprises were equipped with machinery. Labor wages in the seventeenth and eighteenth century in Europe were extremely low. It is a subject of debate what has triggered rapid technological and economic development of Europe in the period under discussion. A prominent Scottish thinker Adam Smith provides invaluable insights into the causes of economic transformation of the continent. In his magnum opus The Wealth of Nations , Smith argues that the improvement of the productive capacities of Europeans was a function of the division of labor (45). The thinker also places a great emphasis on economic exchange, which i
Their Eyes Were Watching God is a novel written by Zora Neale Hurston in 1937. It is a story about an African American woman, Janie Crawford, her lifelong search for love and self-assertion. In 1937, the times of the Great Depression, the novel did not get recognition as it gets today. Black people criticized the ideas presented in the story a lot. They said that Hurston had not underlined the real treatment of whites to South blacks. They argued that demoralization had not been described as it was in real. Only in the 1970s, the book was rediscovered and began studied by students. The essay on Their Eyes Were Watching God shall analyze Hurston’s story about African American women in 1930s. One of the peculiar features of the work is the form chosen by the author. Hurston begins and ends the story with one and the same setting and people. The main character, Janie, tells the story of her life to one of her friends, Pheoby Watson. Her story is a kind of trip to Janie’s past life via a huge flashback. General Analysis To describe Janie’s story of life, the author uses a high number of metaphors and symbolism. First of all, it is necessary to clear up what a metaphor actually means. “In cognitive linguistic view, metaphor is defined as understanding one conceptual domain of another conceptual domain.” (Kövecses 4) In the novel, there are three brightest examples of metaphors: a pear tree, the image of the horizon, and mules. Two first examples are about Janie’s dreams and hopes. Janie climbs the pear tree to see the horizon. She wants to know what else is around her. She has a dream to make a trip and discover what is so special beyond the horizon. The third example of metaphor, a mule, is an image of African American’s status during the Great Depression. Hurston tries to underline the plight of African American workers by comparing them with the mules. Mule as a Main Symbol in the Story The literary analysis essay on Their Eyes Were Watching God evidences consistent usage of symbolism in the novel.The image of mules represents Janie’s life, her searching, and her social status. Actually, mules represent Janie’s position in several ways. With each stage of her life, Janie realizes more and more that her life is almost like the life of an ordinary mule. When Janie is a child, her grandmother, Nanny, usually compares black women and mules. She says: “De nigger woman is de mule uh de world so fur as Ah can see” (Hurston 14). Nanny tries to explain to her granddaughter how helpless the status of African American women in society is. Nanny does not see another way for a good and free life for her Janie but a marriage. It is not that important to marry for love and happiness. Granny tells that love and joy may come with time. A family is the very place where true love will appear. This is why Nanny finds a good option for her daughter. Inexperienced Janie has nothing to do but obey her granny, and she agrees to get married to Logan Killicks, an old farmer
Introduction The process of choosing a career requires careful attention. This is because such decisions define the future life of individuals. Many young people try to choose fields that are appealing and in which they have some training. Career adds value to most of the things we do in this life. It is vital for candidates to receive sufficient training in occupational selection and development in the process of preparing for careers. Individuals arrange their daily programs around their work schedules. People also make friends at their places of work and so work is more than just a routine. Meaning of work People work in order to earn their daily bread and attach meaning to life. This means that individuals work for cash as well as recognition. People work as a form of life and not a daily routine. Some people consider work as a sense of worth, source of recognition and prestige. People receive meaning from work by being economically productive, creativity and excited. The main reason why people work is to earn a living. However, there are other forms of non-monetary rewards that come along with work. The non-monetary benefits from work are self esteem and the exercise of power (Kail and Cavanaugh, pp. 430-438). It is evident that occupation is part of the human development process. Young children always pretend to be working in the course of their play. Under many instances, we see adults asking children what they would like to be when they grow up. The design of most high school and college curriculum is to develop candidates in to a single career line. Many students come up with different perspectives on the satisfaction they think they will derive from their careers. Many of them believe they will actualize their economic reality, achieve fulfillment at a personal level, and in the achievement of social influence (Kail and Cavanaugh, pp. 430-438). Holland’s theory of occupation This theory helps in the understanding of why and how people choose their careers. According to Holland (1997), individuals decide on the form of work they do in order to match between their occupational interests and personal traits. Holland groups occupation according to the life style of people and their interpersonal settings. He lists six factors that have a close relationship with occupation. These are the enterprising, conventional, artistic, realistic, social and investigative factors. Holland’s theory is vital to the understanding of occupational development. However, the relationships that occur between demographic variables, personality traits and occupation are complex in nature. These relationships are the main limitation to the Holland’s theory of occupation. The theory helps in linking personality to career choice (Patrick, p. 44). Occupational expectations Individuals have their own opinions about careers in different fields. The basis of these opinions is what they get from their parents, peers, the media, other adults and the institutions of learning. All individuals have expectat