ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The contemporary global economy operates under the principles of economic control. The nature of operations of firms in individual economies is highly determined by the actions that are taken by governments. It is argued that the problems that are experienced in economies often emanate from the actions of a number of players in these economies. One of the main issues that stirs a volatile debate in the operation of the global economy is the ‘Too Big to Fail’ (TBTF) problem. This problem emanates from the assertion that a number of economic institutions are considered to be precious to economic survival, thus they are highly supported by governments in order to prevent them from collapsing (Friedman and Kraus 43). In this paper, it is argued that the TBTF problem lacks the desired economic rationality. Consequently, the TBTF can be a major factor enhancing crises in economies. This paper critically discusses the TBTF problem. The paper begins by describing the meaning and economic implications of the TBTF problem. This is followed by a critical look into what can be considered as the possible remedies to the problem. The paper heavily draws its argument from the recent global financial crisis and the subsequent actions that were taken to address the crisis. Understanding the TBTF problem It is vital to understand the meaning of the TBTF problem before explicating the economic implications of the problem. One of the critical questions to pose at this point is whether the TBTF is a problem or just an assertion. The TBTF is an economic idea that implies that a number of businesses are critical to the economy of a state, thus they cannot be allowed to slumber. Some of the business institutions that are considered to be critical to the survival and economic sustenance of national economies, as pointed out by the TBTF problem, are large banking institutions. The failure of such institutions is considered to be trivial to the working of a national economy. Whenever these institutions face problems, governments are forced to go overboard in an attempt to prevent the collapse of these institutions. The implication for declaring any economic institutions to be ‘too big to fail’ is that the government is always forced to make an economic intervention into the problems that affect the institution. This intervention often occurs when the problem in the company keeps swell
Introduction HSBC Bank in China is remembered as being among the first banks from foreign countries to get local in China dating back to 2007. The HSBC China forms part of the HSBC Group that operates globally owned by The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited based in Hong Kong. Within China, HSBC enjoys the largest network for its service compared to other foreign banks. This is because the bank provides a whole range of services that meet the needs of both individuals who are business-oriented and citizens coming from the middle-class. The Group network in China is made up of 23 small branches and 37 main branches. It is the uniqueness of its strategies that have made it stand out from the rest of the banks. Despite its prosperity, the bank also experiences a lot of setbacks such as the economic recession but it has managed to come up with appropriate measures and strategies to overcome them and remain at the top of the market. How has HSBC adapted its global strategy to operate in China, both before and after China’s WTO accession? Even before the accession of WTO by China, HSBC had come up with several strategies that were aimed at expanding its bank sector through opening more branches and agencies globally. By employing these strategies, HSBC had intended to reach out as far as North America and Europe but still keep its main focus within the country and the region around the Asia-pacific area. It achieved this by opening up modern baking systems and being the main fiscal advisor to the government in matters like opening the first bank for the nation and printing its own currency in form of banknotes. The strategies later included coming up with public loans and ensuring that the Hong Kong bank remained the foremost institution in Asia with regards to finances in the 19 th century (Luthans, & Doh, 2012). The Hong Kong bank later expanded its markets in Asia and come up with working strategies in ensuring that the Chinese currency remained stable. After the WTO’s accession in China, its banking sector opened up to banks from foreign countries. This liberation made banks in China attract foreign institutions’ interest, especially in finances. It was following this liberation that HSBC expanded its strategies in China. Among the most outstanding investments include; the Ping An insurance which resulted in a transaction worthy $1.8 gaining more than 19% of its stakes. HSBC strategy was unique as it took advantage of the large China’s population as well as the upcoming middle class, invested in high saving rates, and huge capitals (Russell, 2012). Discuss HSBC’s strategies for entering and operating in other emerging markets. Where has it found success, and where has it faced setbacks, Why? By the year 2000, HSBC had ensured that more than half of the assets it had gained were directed to countries that were developing. However, still most of HSBC earnings come from its markets that had already matured like the Britain and Hong Kong. This strategy was initiated by Chairman Green who came up with strategies that focu
Financial analysis is an essential aspect in the management of cooperate and business organizations. Financial analysis, at its core, helps determine the performance of an organization in various aspects such as revenues, profits, return on investments, return on assets, among others. Financial analysis helps experts establish whether it is worth investing in a particular asset or project, depending on the preliminary forecasts (Osadchy et al., 2018). With financial analysis, a firm can determine whether it gains profits, grows as prospected, or makes wrong investment moves. As a result, the management can take prudent investment and expenditure decisions forward. The calculations provided for Van de Putte Group give clues on several goals that the company aims to achieve. First, the company wants to assess its cash flows within the specified time frames. The calculations capture sales, administrative, and operating costs and the costs of raw materials used in the production of finished products. Usually, no company has the capabilities to acquire raw materials by themselves. There must be investment and involvement of third parties in the raw material acquisition chains, which results in additional coats. It implies the company must include the cost of acquiring raw materials at the prices of the final products if they need to make profits. The company updates the raw materials inventory every 15 months. It takes the company one month to complete one production cycle (30 days). The company also orders raw materials after one month. Production costs and inventory of finished products are carried out every 15 days. The company pays suppliers after every two months. Customers pay their dues every month. Every time the company pays its suppliers, it receives dual payments from its customers, which helps them run day-to-day activities at the company. Reference Osadchy, E. A., Akhmetshin, E. M., Amirova, E. F., Bochkareva, T. N., Gazizyanova, Y., & Yumashev, A. V. (2018). Financial statements of a company as an information base for decision-making in a transforming economy.
Introduction Global warming can be described as the phenomena where atmospheric temperatures near the surface of the Earth is rising or warming, without any allegations of the causes or its degree. Global warming is a type of climate change which atmosphere is experiencing currently, in the past and in the future. Another kind of climate change is global cooling which is the decrease in the atmosphere temperature. Both increase and decrease of Earth temperatures have severe impacts on human activities. This climate change will affect where we live, the types of plants we can grow, and the place to plant these types of crops. To understand the degree of these possible effects, research on the extent of these warming should be done; how long the Earth is warming and factors which trigger these changes. Through understanding of the levels and cause of global warming, it will help in enhancing some policies and decision making. Global warming is caused by several factors such as greenhouse gases, methane from organic matters, and other human activities. This paper would discuss some of these causes of global warming and its effects on human lives. Graph 1: It shows Seasonal Mean Temperature Change (Xaue 513). Greenhouse Effect A greenhouse effect refers to the phenomena where water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other major gases in Earth help in sustaining the atmospheric temperatures near the surface of the Earth. Greenhouse effect helps in preventing the severe effects since it helps in regulating the normal temperatures and if Greenhouse effect would not have been there, ecosystems could have experience critical effects. Sometimes there is raise in greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide and this can be described as greenhouse warming. Scientific society have considered global warming as a reality but showing that acceptance of its existence would indicate that we know and understand what bring about Earth to warm. There has been enough evidence that there is increase in amount of greenhouse gases in Earth atmosphere and this has been facilitated by human activities (NASA). However, the precise reasons why greenhouse gases are increasing in our atmosphere, which most people believe to cause changes in climate and temperatures, remain unidentified (Wood 74). Table 1: shows the role of greenhouse gases as a percentage (Xaue 513). Carbon Dioxide Increase of carbon dioxide quantity in atmosphere, which mostly comes from discharge of fossil fuel, is mainly caused by human activities which bring about global warming. Carbon dioxide is mostly discharged to the atmosphere through burning substances in the cars, trains, factories, and other areas which are associated with carbon. This shows that less fossil fuel should be used to maintain Earth temperatures and climates. Alternatively, effective mechanisms to store carbon, plants, are presently being demolished t
The home prices always vary, and various determinants set them within the market sector. One of the variables that are important in determining the home price is the economic indicators. The ability of individuals to purchase a new home will always depend on the prevailing economic conditions. This means that when there are increased employment opportunities, more businesses, and household income, there will be a lot of cash circulating among the people, influencing their ability to make a home purchase. The other variable that will determine the price of a home is the neighborhood. When the landlords or people selling homes are setting their prices, they always do market research to determine how many similar units are going in a particular place. The prices will majorly be in line with those of the neighborhoods. Moreover, the economic activities and the potential for expansion in a specific area will be another important consideration when setting the prices of the homes. When the site can create more employment and or a significant target by most investors, automatically, the costs of the homes in such areas will be high. Such neighborhoods are always lucrative and will attract most investors. The data obtained from the calculation of the mean, median, range, and standard deviation of each variable indicates that all the variables tend to be distributed in a skewed pattern. This is as shown in the table below;                     Home prices     Living area  Number of bedrooms  Number of bathrooms  Age   Mean                                1739.83      3.14                1.89                 27.22 Median              149417161913.4  1664         3                   2                    18    Range               529292          2785         4                   3                    208   Standard deviation  66675.22        550.97       0.7233              0.608                31.31  This is a statistical presentation that involves a large sample of data with different values. This means that the data will not be distributed symmetrically. Hence, for this data, it is in a non-standard distribution format. Looking at the data, most older people tend to buy more expensive homes, where the data is distributed at the end of the dependent variable, which shows high values. When the curve for such a particular case is drawn to represent such, it will positively skew. The analysis shows that there is a high central tendency as most people can easily make purchase decisions of homes that are not cheap or too much expansive. More findings are presented in the frequency histograms, which show the actual outlay of the findings from the research. This is as shown in the histograms below; Fig.1: Price of the home Fig.2: Living area From the histogram, which shows the price of a home, it is clear that the one that is averagely priced has more purchases than an
In the modern world, with its growing attention to diversity and equality in all of its forms, the question of gender quality is one of the most important and frequently discussed subjects. This issue is studied in a number of fields such as education, business, political and social studies, and literature. The latter is often viewed as a reflection of the historical and cultural realities during various periods of time; this is why the attitude towards women in literature is often researched from the anthropological point of view. This paper is focused on the exploration of the roles of women on two of the most well-known works of literature – Homer’s “The Iliad” and the collection of the Arabic folk stories called “1001 Nights”. Both of the works serve as detailed and deep reflections of the histories and cultures of the countries they came from and elaborately portrayed the relationships between men and women, religions and spirituality, and the morals of their nations. The two cultures described in “The Iliad” and “1001 Nights” are very different, yet they contain some rather striking similarities determined mostly by the eras whey originate from known for explicit patriarchal built of the societies. This way, the roles of women and attitudes towards them demonstrated in both books are very different from the ideas promoted in contemporary society. Generally, even though “The Iliad” and “1001 Nights” date back to very different historical periods and come from cultures with little similarities, the gender roles in them are rather alike as in both books women are widely objectified and oppressed, they are not treated as equals to men and often referred to as commodities that can be sold, exchanged, given away as bribes, or abducted as material valuables. Historical Perspective Historically, the creation of “The Iliad” dates back to the Bronze Age, approximately 1260 BC. This period is often called the dark age of Greece. The c
Nike’s principal activities are the designing, production, developing and marketing of quality fitness and sports footwear, clothing, equipments and accessories. The company is primarily engaged in marketing athletic apparel and athletic footwear internationally. The Nike business became international in 1981 when Nike International was formed. The primary purpose to go international was to spearhead the efforts to exploit rising popularity of high quality sports goods, apparel and shoes. There were a number of modes the company adopted in going international. In 1981 it opened its first international plant in China and in 1985 it appointed Michael Jordan to endorse its version of the air shoe and called it “Air Jordan”, which greatly influenced international markets. In 1988 the “Just Do It” slogan was coined which became an international success along with the Nike b
One of the widespread health issues capable of affecting anyone during late adulthood is Alzheimer’s disease. According to the textbook, it “accounts for 60 to 80 percent of all neurocognitive disorders” and results in irreparable brain and memory damage (Kraynok et al., 2017, p. 601). Although there are still no medications allowing to prevent the disease, understanding its first symptoms, distinguishing them from normal age-related changes, and finding the right treatments is crucial for the overall well-being. Therefore, on June 20, the Alzheimer’s Association holds “The Longest Day,” encouraging people to “stand up to the darkness of Alzheimer’s through an activity of their choice” (Kean, 2020). This event constitutes part of a broader campaign, which includes fundraising, information support, and promotion of specialized care for everybody suffering from the disease.
Apparently, power has always been considered to be benign to environment irrespective of few reservations (Kammen 85). In this regard, there is a huge and growing controversy over how certain power generation modes have resulted to global warming, green house effects and other forms of environmental pollution. Currently, there emerged green technologies that are perceived to feasible in terms of environmental sustainability (Kammen 85). In this case, Wind power energy has emerged as one of the best options in which clean energy can be derived. It is imperative that most of the developed countries such as USA and European countries have adopted and established wind energy with the perception that it is clean and cost effective. Therefore, wind energy has increasingly being adopted by large communities to cater for their varying interests. However, there is a huge controversy over whether wind power is green or not (Kammen 86). This paper aims to analyze whether wind energy is green and the impacts of contemporary issues of environment to the sustainable world. There is a predictable expansion of demand on wind energy both at the marketing and consumer level (Elliott 46). For several decades now, wind energy has been used to run machines and mills in rural areas in places such as United States of America and Denmark (Elliott 47). Currently, wind technology has been advanced making it more effective to reinforce electric power. Additionally, problems associated with wind energy have been minimized thus increasing the efficiency of wind machines that have been made larger and stronger (Elliott 52). Earlier on, wind energy was perceived to be environmentally unfriendly. However, there are some limitations that have intensified complaints that wind energy is not green at all. According to research study conducted by environmentalists and energy regulators on wind energy, it has been asserted that wind turbines are likely to threaten birds and other animals (Elliott 52). A recent case study conducted on wind revealed that wind turbines have increased mortality rate of birds and as well as individuals who inhabit such sites. Consequently, the whirling of wind turbines and tower blades often kills birds that fly around them. Notably, larger percentage of avian deaths is usually associated with increased installation of wind turbines. Such include bats and other migratory birds as it was discovered in some parts of California in 1994 (Foley 53). Collisions of migratory birds with turbines have direct impact on their breeding success rate. Moreover, visual and noi
Introduction Working in emergency care requires medical professionals to make accurate and swift decisions, which often save patients’ lives. However, in some cases, errors happen when the team members fail to accurately diagnose the condition and refer a patient for emergency intervention, and these cases should be used to design practices that will help avoid similar mistakes in the future. The coroner’s report reviewed in this paper is for the patient AD who was brought to the emergency department by the Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) with the diagnosis of the acute coronary syndrome. However, the emergency department team did not perform immediate electrocardiogram (ECG) assessments to evaluate AD’s condition. The case is an example of a type of task that emergency department employees have to face and the elements of diagnostics that they can overlook, more specifically, in the context of myocardial infarction. The scope of this presentation is the mistakes in communication, patient case assessment, and triaging, which led to the patient’s death. The context, or the basis of this analysis, is the coroner’s report titled “Non-inquest findings into the death of AD” from 2018. Key elements that will be addressed in this paper are medical errors made by the emergency care team, delayed diagnostics and analysis, and signs of myocardial infarction, as well as ways to avoid misdiagnosing a patient in the future. This paper aims to outline the coroner’s report and its essential elements, analyze it using the practice guidelines, and provide recommendations. Overview of Coroners Case Report In the “Non-inquest findings into the death of AD,” the coroner reports the key findings of the patient AD who died in the emergency care unit. AD was brought to the hospital by QAS, who performed initial diagnostics. However, as identified in the report, several factors contributed to the failure of recognizing the urgency of the case and performing diagnostics more swiftly, with ECGs performed twenty minutes after the initial arrival and two hours after that. Moreover, the staff did not look through the ECG results that were performed by the QAS team, which would allow them to notice the high takeoff or benign early repolarization and use this warning sign to send the patient for immediate intervention. However, Munro, Cooke, Kiln-Barfoot, and Quinn’s (2018) systemic review did not find evidence that would suggest that pre-hospital ECG significantly decreases the mortality rates. Therefore, critical aspects of the coroner’s case, which will be reviewed in more detail in the following paragraphs, include several errors in miscommunication and diagnostics that lead to an adverse outcome for AD. The correct triaging of the patients is the key element of primary diagnostics. Triaging is deciding on the order of treatment for a patient, which is crucial for emergency care when the resource allocation can save lives if the patient’s case has to be addr