ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Hezbollah is a Lebanese faction with both political and religious aspirations (Alagha 14). The group forms a powerful political party in Lebanon. The Islamic militant group was formed in 1982 after Israel invaded Lebanon. Many people across the globe believe that Hezbollah is a terrorist faction (Moghadam 21). Hezbollah has always supported different countries and societies such as Iraq and Palestine. Hezbollah has a strong paramilitary wing. This wing is one of the most powerful resistance movements across the Middle East. According to Moghadam (25), “Hezbollah was started as a small militia group.” Hezbollah has also become a powerful faction in the Arab world. Hezbollah enjoys strong support from Shi’a Muslims in the region. Hezbollah emerged as a revolutionary faction in 1982. The military organization was established to end Israel’s domination and control of Lebanon. The group used guerrilla tactics such as suicide attacks to attack its enemies. The group also used new tactics such as assassinations and suicide bombings. Hezbollah became a political party in the 1990s. In 1992, Hezbollah conveyed a merciful stand against Lebanon (Alagha 43). The group also participated in the elections of 1992. The group won 12 seats after the elections. The political faction has always supported its followers’ political, cultural, and religious liberties. Hezbollah does not extend these liberties to Israel and its friends. The political group has been trying to revive its resistance against the nation of Israel. Hezbollah also “supports what it calls Islamic Resistance” (Moghadam 46). Hezbollah’s major action is to attack Israel and its sympathizers. This fact explains why Hezbollah’s ideology is to extend the Islamic Revolution and radicalism across the world. Hezbollah was a group formed to transform Lebanon. The group abandoned this goal to become a political party. Hezbollah continues to support different countries against Israel and the United States. Hezbollah also has a strong political wing. The political wing maintains its roles in the country’s government. The group also maintains its armed forces (Alagha 54). This explains why Hezbollah is always against the government’s attempt to dismantle its operations. As well, the military branch continues to sponsor different factions across the world. Hezbollah has also protested against disarmament (Alagha 58). Hezbollah has been helping many factions across the world. For example, the group supported the Syrian Ba’ath government during the country’s Civil War. This kind of support helped the government defeat the opposition. The faction has continued to gain support from Shi’a Muslims in the Middle East. Hezbollah maintains its armed potency in order to succeed against any opposition (Moghadam 64). Hezbollah remains an Islamic movement aimed at promoting the rights of its supporters. Hezbollah attacks different countries that threaten the lives of their followers. The group also supports any similarly-minded faction in the Middle E
Gronefeld is one of the most extraordinary and interesting representatives of the timepiece industry. Even though Gronefeld is a part of the strategic timepieces group that consists of such huge luxury organizations like Rolex, Swatch Group, and Richemont, all these companies can hardly be called as competitors (Hill and Jones 56) because the quality of production and even the ways watches are created and sold differ considerably. In 2015, the industry structure remains to be relatively stable. The profitability of the chosen industry depends on four main factors (Hargroves and Smith 104): the threats of substitutes (electronic gadgets) or new entrants (new watchmakers with unique approaches to their customers) and the bargaining power of suppliers (price rise or delivery failures) or customers (quality improvement and service variety). In the case study under analysis, the successful economic performance of Gronefeld may be explained by two approaches chosen by its developers. First, the company chooses an unusual approach to communication with customers. Second, Gronefeld does not try to be a huge organization: it is enough to hire a team of 12 people (Ellery par. 7). Besides, more concepts can be evaluated to explain the success of Gronefeld and understand the demand this company has today. For example, the internal resources and capabilities of the company such as the possibility to observe the details of watchmaking (tangible resources), the delivery methods, and even the financial aspects that make
Introduction In the world of the permanently developing international relations and competition in all the possible markets, it is of crucial importance for an organization to be able to control and supervise its growth and influence increase. Scholars argue that for this purpose an organization should have the considerable power and the ability to implement this power in practice, i. e. to conduct the reasonable organizational politics (Robbins & Judge, 2009, p. 179). At the same time, power and politics are directly related to the notions of the organizational leadership and management. To put it simply, the leadership is the major organizational power, while management is a toll of politics, i. e. leader’s ability to convince his/her employees in the rightness of the developmental direction chosen. The examples of such organizations as NASA and CIA illustrate these considerations rather vividly. Power and Politics General Notions First, it is necessary to consider the basic definitions. Thus, power, according to Resistance, Empowerment, Ethics (2009), is “the concept that encompasses the mechanisms, processes, and dispositions that try, not always successfully, to ensure that people act according to the rules of the game”. Drawing from this, power is associated with leadership as it is the task for the leader to exercise the power and lead an organization in a necessary direction of development. Further on, the leader should have the tools to influence the organization and be able to practically use its power. The process of implementation of power of the organization, and more specifically the instruments of this process, is called the politics of an organization. The relation of the concepts of power and politics to the purely internal organizational concepts of leadership and management is also obvious (McGinnis, 2009). Organizational Management and Leadership The concepts of the organizational management and leadership, in their turn, can be viewed as the two sides of a single phenomenon. Petrock (2009) views management and leadership as different stages of the single process of directing the organization’s development and identifies 18 principles of the successful management and putting the organizational leadership in accordance with the power and politics ideas. These principles include the need to set clear and measurable goals, demonstrate encouragement to the employees, establish the success assessment scale, and face the consequences of the management and leadership decisions (Petrock, 2009). NASA The example of NASA illustrates what the poor organizational management resulting from the lack of conformity between the organizational power and politics can lead to. The 1986 Shuttle Challenger accident that took lives of the seven crew member ended up the long chain of NASA management problems. The latter included the great number of contractors for the Ch
What are some of the challenges and successes that authorities have had in prosecuting Australian’s and other child sex offenders using extraterritorial laws? Child sex offenders are classified into two major categories; people who look for young ones and lure them for sexual activities. All these people are seen as criminals in the eye of law and justice. There are often pros and cons when an attempt is made to prosecute an Australian who happens to be a victim of such instances. Filing a case that will stand up in a court of law is yet another big challenge that is experienced when prosecuting an Australian. This implies that there are difficulties in gathering evidences that can be used against the accused for the case to succeed. Regardless of the type of child sex criminal, it is difficult to identify such individuals and how to approach them to acknowledge for them their deeds. Through government efforts, success can be achieved by prosecuting a paedophile as a way of offering security to children. The process of the prosecution is backed up the implementation of ECPAT Act that supports the protection of children’s rights to live a stress-free life. Another key benefit is that victims of such circumstances are eligible to local support that will ensure justice for their well-being. The state law that looks after children who fall prey for such victims also forms part of success in dealing with paedophile cases. In what ways can tourism be a catalyst for change and a mechanism to end the exploitation of children worldwide? In working out ways to help resolve cases of child exploitation across the world, tourism is seen to play a significant role in implementing this. Tourism activity involves movement of people from place to place. Considering this as a significant factor, it is ideal to use tourism as away to pass messages that will influence the decision of offenders to change in their conducts. Another way in which tourism may catalyse the move to limit cases of child sex tourism is through the formation and implementation of acts that will govern the activities of people. This will also outline the relationship with c
What did you take away from reading your classmates’ posts on the changing role of HR? The posts on the alterations, which the role of HR has suffered over the course of the past few years, have shed much light on the significance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Mousavi et al. 2013). Moreover, some of the posts have also shown the ways, in which the role of an HR specialist may possibly evolve in the future. The specified feature of these posts set the premises for understanding the very nature of HRM. Moreover, the posts helped me understand the effects, which internal and external factors, including economic, financial, political, and sociocultural ones, have on HRM as a concept. To be more exact, the posts of the classmates contributed to a better understanding of the essence of the CRS concept implementation in the framework of an organization. Traditionally defined as the rearrangement of the company’s priorities and the redesign of the leadership style so that the staff could understand their role in and impact on the social and economic aspects of people’s lives (Torrington et al. 2014), the phenomenon of CSR is essential for redesigning the patterns of the organizational behavior within the company so that the staff could handle the tasks that they are assigned with. In other words, the responses of the classmates have shown that the role of HR has been shifted towards enhancing corporate values and reconsidering the company’s ethics, thus, motivating the staff. The responses helped gain a deeper insight into the methods, which may help enhance the process of introducing the staff to the CSR principles as well. The above-mentioned changes in the leadership strategy have been especially helpful. How might you apply HR strategies discussed this week to your own organization? Seeing that a range of HR strategies have been discussed in the course of this week, choosing a specific pattern that my organization is going to follow is quite complicated; each of the avenues suggested seems rather promising. However, when it comes to defining the ultimate tool that will galvanize the process of CSR principles implementation, the reconsideration of the corporate values should be viewed as an option (Augins & Glavas 2012). More importantly, the HR strategies analyzed during this week may be put into practice with the help of a location of a proper leadership strategy (Torrington et al. 2014). As I have been stressed above, CSR integration into the organization’s framework is only possible once the staff is motivated enough to follow the company’s ethics and take the organizational values into account. The motivation issue, in its turn, can be resolved by adopting a corresponding leadership pattern, which will create a model for the employees to follow and make an example of. In addition, the enhancement of communication between the staff members and the managers of the organization may enhance the RH changes by increasi
Tao Te Ching is without doubt a classic in philosophy. The book illustrates the Chinese philosophy of living. Mitchell Stephen has done a great work of representing it in free translation that even has endnotes for some literal translations, relevant examples and commentaries. However, for one to understand Tao Te Ching, it is imperative for one to first understand Wei-wu-wei. Wei-wu-wei is important in understanding Tao Te Ching because it is often viewed as a paradox within Taoism of whose importance comes second only to Tao Te Ching itself (Loy 73). wei-wu-wei is often looked at as the state of doing nothing or at least doing as little as possible. The philosophical weight it carries is that on the political front, it could be said that the citizens should be exposed to as little external pressure as possible in order to facilitate the individual’s satisfaction. Leaving the people without any undue political interference is the key to solving the social problems for most of the problems are as a result of the political interference. The political view might be much similar to the personal interpretation of the Tao Te Ching in relation to wei-wu-wei . The individual might look at it as the concept of doing nothing but in reality, the idea is to know when to stop acting. The Tao Te Ching likens nature to a bow in chapter 77. “ That which is at the top is pulled down/that which is at the bottom is brought up/ That which is overfull is reduced/ that which is deficient is supplemented .” One ought to know when to cease. The Tao Te Ching warns against extremes and stopping at the expedient time frees one from danger (Mitchell Chapter 44). Another view of the wei-wu-wei is that action that does not impose itself but one that yields itself. While the former interpretation is doing nothing, this concept refers to passivity. An example is given of an alcoholic who loses balance from a carriage and instead of resisting the fall, he yields to it and that saves his life (Loy 75). This argument is not actually pro-alcoholism-it only serves to explain the main concept of yielding and its advantage over resisting. The corollary of this is found in chapter 63 which says that a lot can be achieved by doing very little. “Contemplating the difficult with the easy/working on the Great with the small” (Mitchell chapter 63). Ideally, one should embark on dealing with the small issues instead of allowing them to grow into bigger problems. It is easier to affect the saplings’ growth as opposed to that of a fully grown tree. Arguably, the commonest interpretation of the wei-wu-wei is that which is natural. The importance of this concept in understanding the Tao Te Ching is because the master talks about life and how to approach it wisely and with grace. In other words, it is addressing the natural way of living. The wei-wu-wei describes how a man should restrict his actions and movements to only that which is necessary, or more precisely, that which is natural. It refers to one pursuing his Te
Psychology of happiness, or positive psychology, is a recent research field that is dedicated to the analysis of strategies that allow people to improve their lives and fill them in with meaningfulness. Although the discipline is a relatively new branch of science, it has managed to gain recognition, along with other approaches to treating mental illnesses. Psychology of happiness touches on various fields of social and cultural life and seeks to interfere with the lives of individuals for improving their talents and endowing their normal existence with greater meaning. Although the concept of happiness is associated with emotion, its importance for the individual’s physical and psychological welfare is enormous. The analysis of virtues, talents, strengths, pleasure, and values are indispensable to define what people should do to encounter positive experience and relationships. Because many nations face a growing challenge of depression, the treatment strategies should not only focused on eliminating the mental disorder, but also fulfilling people’s life with greater pleasure and meaning. Within a global perspective, there are a great number of models, frameworks, and theories that are focused on understanding and promoting happiness and well-being, as well as on predicting factors that influence this state. In contrast to the traditional treatment of depression and stress disorders, positive psychology is a complementary science that enhances clinical psychology (Carr, 2004 p. 2). There are three large categories classifying happiness from a psychological perspective – meaningful life, good life, and pleasant life. All these aspects are incorporated in temporal characteristics, referring to present, past, and future (Carr, 2004). Thus, the future is associated with such positive emotions as hope, faith, optimism, and trust. Past time refers to such emotional realms as contentment, fulfillment, pride, satisfaction, and serenity (Carr, 2004). Finally, the happiness of the present is premised on momentary pleasures and gratifications. Within the perspective of psychological treatment, positive emotions directly relate to the personality trait analysis, which is an inherent component of happiness. To define the level of happiness of people around the world, Carr (2004) has examined over 900 surveys of life satisfaction, happiness, and subjective well-being among people from 45 nations. According to these studies, minority groups, including the African nation, have been scaled as the unhappiest ones due to the social, racial, and political pressures. As per gender, “more women and young people report extreme happiness and extreme misery compared with men and older people” (Carr, 2004, p. 6). The researc
Abstract Language development is a complex process that takes place during childhood. Many educationists and theorists encourage parents to ensure their children engage in different activities. Many children are watching television for many hours. This practice makes it impossible for them to develop the best interactional and language skills. This term paper explores how the effects of watching television can be detrimental to language development. Introduction Television presents numerous ideas and information to different people. However, every TV channel encourages more people to watch without engaging in any meaningful conservation. Many children are exposed to television before celebrating their second birthday. Too much television makes it impossible for children to interact with their age-mates. This situation explains why parents should monitor their children. Parents should also “encourage their children to play with their friends” (Schiller, 2010, p. 26). Such activities will “help them to develop new competencies and skills” (Wartella, Richert, & Robb, 2010, p. 119). The practice will ensure every targeted child develops the best skills. This paper examines how television affects language development. Learning Development in Children Background Information Television is one of the best sources o
Abstract This paper describes the regional stereotypes attached to the people of Kuwait. It, therefore, looks at the misconceptions and opinions associated with the Kuwaiti nationals and the Arab world. The introduction gives a summary of the main points. Literature review, then, summarizes other scholar’s articles and researches related to these stereotypes. The evidence and analysis part, on the other hand, provides information that dispels these stereotypes. Thereafter, the discussion explains the final thoughts on these stereotypes. Finally, the conclusion provides a short summary of the whole paper. Introduction Culture is a set of ideals, attitudes and routines that define a particular group of people (Andriyenko 2010). Therefore, culture refers to the norms learned from people’s values, attitudes and believes. Different cultural experiences help us in making sense of the world. Culture, hence, shapes our communication, work and interactions. Failure to recognize the different cultures within a country or the world leads to stereotypes. “Stereotyping involves a form of categorization that organizes our experience and guides our behavior towards ethnic and national groups” (Adler 1993, p.5). Additionally, stereotypes describe the behaviors of a group of people rather than individuals. A number of stereotypes are associated with Kuwait. Most of these stereotypes affect Kuwaiti nationals and the local commercial environment negatively. This paper describes the regional stereotypes attached to the people of Kuwait. Literature review According to Al-Shammari (n.d.), Kuwait is a victim of major stereotypes associated with the Arab world. To start with, most people believe that Kuwait is a desert. Some foreigners go to the extent of stating that there are thousands of camels roaming around Kuwait. In addition, 10% of the world’s oil reserves are found in Kuwait (Al-Shammari n.d.). For that reason, there is a misconception that all Kuwaiti nationals are rich. It is presumed that every Kuwaiti has acres of oil fields. Furthermore, these fields are later