ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Although most Asian Americans are culturally assimilated (Americanized), they often encounter racism as people of foreign-origin, because of their distinctive Asian racial appearance. The Asian Americans have to face racism because they are assumed to have close ties with their Asian ethnic culture. The Americans always feel that Asian Americans do not belong to their country; so they wish to know the foreign ethnic origins of Asian Americans. Ethnic identity of Asian Americans has been a considerable challenge for them over the years. Many Asian Americans are identified more as Americans in comparison with their Asian cultural heritage even if they continue to acknowledge its impact. The reason for this consists in the fact that they have become assimilated with the American culture and are part of the culture, hence, they are not discriminated against a lot. Since they have been accepted in some way by the society the live in, the Asian Americans do not actively assert their ethnic identity. The issue of ethnic identity comes to surface in the context of viewing the Asian Americans as foreign ethnic minority in America due to their race and place of birth, being the factors, which cannot be evaded. Many Asian Americans are proud to be of Asian descent since they accept and enjoy Asian ethnic heritage, which is encouraged by the fact that America has a multi-ethnic ideology and interest in cultural diversity. In the context of ethnic identity, there has been the emergence of Asian Americans as the ethnic identity that includes all ethnic minorities of Asian origin in the United States due to the fact that various groups of Asian American descent have been counted as a nation. In the political scene, the mobilization of people with Asian American descent as a nation has also contributed to this aspect. Also in the sphere of education, the term Asian American is popular among youth since they feel
Introduction Corporate success greatly depends on the success of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Implicit in the CSR discipline is the acknowledgement that most companies have to fulfil their corporate responsibilities to all stakeholders to succeed. CSR falls firmly within this stretch of corporate responsibilities, and it manifests as an implicit social contract that different companies share with their stakeholders. Despite the acknowledgement of CSR as a key corporate responsibility, many companies do not have a standard criterion for executing CSR in business. More specifically, there is a lack of uniform criterion for measuring the benefits of CSR in business, and the alignment of CSR success with company profitability. Companies that operate in the Malaysian automotive industry experience the above complexities when introducing their CSR initiatives. The intense competition and the challenging market landscape of the Malaysian automotive industry complicate the implementation of the CSR initiatives. For example, the Malaysian government has consistently intervened in the industry to protect the local car brands (Proton and Perodua) from foreign competition (Augustine 2013). This government intervention has consequently led to the segregation of the car market into national and foreign brands. Japanese and Koran car manufacturers control a significant part of the Malaysian foreign car market. Competition from new car manufacturers like Honda has offered more competition to traditional car brands like Toyota and Nissan. For example, Honda offers a car warranty of 3000,000 kilometres on its cars, while traditional brands like Toyota offer only about 50,000 kilometres of warranty (Augustine 2013). Other car manufacturers like Nissan have also joined the fray of competitive marketing by offering competitive prices of their products and enviable performance features of their cars. The dominance of foreign car manufacturers in the Malaysian car market has attracted a lot of attention from governments and the local community regarding the improved profitability that such companies continue to enjoy in the Malaysian market. Consequently, there has been an increased scrutiny of such companies on their CSR responsibilities, and their commitment to “give back” to the community. The influence that western car manufacturers have on car manufacturing companies in the East has further fuelled this curiosity (Augustine 2013). Consequently, most car manufacturers that operate in the Malaysian automotive market have developed unique CSR models. This paper compares the CSR models for Toyota, Nissan, and Honda. The emphasis of this paper is on their areas of similarity and differences (in CSR approaches). This paper also explores the main issues that challenge the execution of CSR projects in Malaysia and how Nissan, Honda, and Toyota are managing these issues. Finally, this paper outlines the future direction of CSR projects in the Malaysian automotive industry. Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility Companie
Background The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was conceived in 2001 by the Act if Congress that was initially suggested by president bush immediately he ascended to power. The presidents proposed blue print was what the congress slanted the legislation. Ideally the edict reauthorized numerous federal proposals that leaned towards enhancing the performance of U.S. elementary as well as secondary institutions by heightening the specifications of responsibility for nations, school boroughs, as well as institutions in addition to presenting parents more elastic in selecting the schools in which the children’s will focus. More so, the edict propped up an accelerated focus on reading and reauthorizing the basic as well as derivative erudition edict of 1965. NCLB is the most modern centralized legislation that enacts the hypothesis of specifications-centered schooling transformation, previously known as result-oriented education, which is anchored on the belief that setting elevated standards and instituting measurable objectives can more probably enhance student’s results in education. The decree contents that the states is needed to construct analysis in elementary expertise to be afforded to all learners in various echelons, in the event that the states had to get centralized bursary for discipline. In this case the NCLB has no obligation to emphasize a state achievement specification; specifications are lay down by independent state, in tandem with the theory of remote administration of institutions, Holland, R (2002). The attractiveness of NCLB’s dealings is fervently discussed. It is more intricate to analyze the proficiency of the edict per view, since it was employed in all countries hence making it intricate to infer what would have occurred minus the edict. Nevertheless, state evaluation on responsible structures subsisted before NCLB underscore that answerability for results brought about quicker progression for countries that entrenched these structures. Undeviating evaluation of state test achievement prior and after entrenching of NCLB suggests it promising effect. However, fundamental criticism asserts that NCLB could curtail effective instruction and student learning since it may cause states to subordinate success objectives and trigger off educators in teaching the test. A basic supportive claim contents that systematic testing presents statistics that highlights on institutions that are not educating skills proficiently, so that intercession can be made to enhance results for all learners while minimizing the accomplishment fissure for deprived and impaired learners. In the end, the NCLB has not been as promising as it may have been taught. With respect to the report published by reviewers on impacts, suggests that the performance of learners in 12 states proved ineffective. In this paper we evaluate the problems facing NC
Introduction The new economic environment and globalization have a great impact on retail companies and their position in the global market. Unilever is one of the multinational corporations influenced by technological and social changes. The competitive nature of many markets and the likely prospect of continued economic turbulence as national and global economic fortunes vary, require that business managers continue to look for opportunities to improve performance. This will primarily be achieved by improving effectiveness in the areas of winning/retaining customers, developing organizational competence and financial control. Unilever is a multinational company founded in 1911 by William Lever. Today, Unilever is the largest producer of branded consumer goods including food and beverages, personal care products and cleaning products. Unilever is a global company that operates in 100 countries with 227,000 employees (Unilever Home Page 2009). Economic Changes Economic changes involve low barriers to trade and tariffs, closer relations between nations and governments of different countries. These economic changes competition and rivalry between international and national corporations. Competition refers to the creation of differ
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (hereafter referred to as the ACA), which was signed into law on March 23, 2010, by President Barrack Obama, presents a new paradigm shift in terms of how employers in the United States proceed in the management of employee benefits (Deloitte, 2013). Indeed, as suggested in the accruing literature, the ACA generates novel requirements and options for employers’ future benefits decisions particularly in providing affordable insurance coverage to employees and intensifying their access to health insurance either through personal mandate or through already evolving Medicaid expansion programs (Deloitte, 2013; Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2013; Schuman et al., 2013). This paper brings the real issues surrounding the ACA and benefits management into the fore by presenting the findings of an interview with the benefits manager of a service-oriented company employing more than 250 full-time workers in the United States. From the onset, the interviewee agreed that the ACA has the capacity to substantially shift the American workplace and workforce, in large part due to the important obligations that employers are expected to assume to expand employees’ insurance coverage. The manager acknowledged that health insurance coverage forms a critical component of employee benefits management and that his organization has invested heavily in the development of a comprehensive health insurance plan for all employees. As acknowledged in the literature, the ACA “requires employers with more than 200 employees to automatically enroll employees into health insurance plans offered by the employer” (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2013, p. 1). As a matter of fact, the interviewee suggested that the company was investing heavily on a policy that will enable the organization to gain access to new avenues to purchase employee health benefits with the view to providing a wider choice of plans and enhanced affordability through more transparent and competitive means. When asked if the company would be able to adequately cover its employees as demanded in the ACA, the interviewee acknowledged that the Act was shifting healthcare costs to employers rather than encouraging cost-sharing and plan design. To deal with this scenario, the interviewee hinted that the organization was considering reducing other benefits accruable to employees and also shifting other expenses to employees so that it can have the
In this book, Loeb has basically created a guide for aspiring community activists, organizers, and anybody willing to make a change. In the book, he has made an outline of what it takes to be an activist and how to remain one. Since Loeb himself is a political activist, through the book, he is trying to inspire and motivate the public to air their voices and to take action against the negative government policies. To achieve this, he has emphasized on the influence which the people are capable of. Through out the book, there seems to be five main points that keep cropping up every time. The first point is that; people have such a huge potential to enforce their wishes if they wanted to. This potential is usually unknown to the public and has the capabilities of not only making their lives better, but also everyone’s. Secondly, he has reminded the people that they are not perfect and they will never be. This means that they should never undermine themselves and think that they are not good enough to do anything. Also, others usually wait for the best time to act and the truth of the matter is; there will never be a perfect time. Therefore, the best time to act is now. Thirdly, he urges the people not to despair if their actions do not yield results immediately. Loeb says that change happens slowly, and people have to learn to be patient and not loose hope. The fourth point is that; people should take pleasure in their quest for justice and equality. Loeb has reminded the citizens that, even though their specific goals might be unclear, they should relish every part of the ‘journey’. Finally, he has motivated the citizens by telling them that their efforts are bound to go a long way more than they can ever imagine. Every move they make never goes unnoticed. In the end, in one way or the other, their efforts will be rewarded and everybody will benefit. To attain closure, Loeb has narrated stories of various ordinary individuals who have come to learn his lessons. In one of the examples, he tells the story of a girl student in Virginia Tech who spent her election time drinking rather than voting. Afterwards, she became concerned with the global warming and started an environmental movement in her college. On another story, as a young man, Barack Obama was involved in a student movement that was aga
Introduction The “watchmaker analogy” that outlines the argument with regard to timepiece dates back to Cicero. In reference to the argument, Voltaire once commented “if a watch confirms the existence of a watchmaker, but the universe fails to demonstrate the presence of a great Architect, then I consent to be labeled a fool.” Today, the analogy is credited with William Paley who outlined the argument in his book Natural Theology (1802). Paley argues that, if one was to find a watch laying on the ground and was to be asked how the watch happened to be in that position, it would be inapplicable to assert that the watch has lain in that position forever. By just gazing at a watch and all its complex components working in concert uniformly, one can derive that the watch was designed by a watchmaker (Engel, et al. 200-250). Hence, by exploring the intricacy of the eye and the way it aligns its function so well (to see), the eye ought to be designed by a Divine Watchmaker (God). Teleological Argument This analogy can be classified as the teleological argument, also referred to as “the argument from design.” The teleological argument is grounded in the character of the world and the universe. The argument stipulates that the world is a place filled with such novel interlocking intricacy to the extent that the sole rational justification centers on the existence of an intelligent designer (Engel, et al. 200-250). The intricacy of life on earth together with the harmonious association of living organisms demonstrates evidence of intelligent design. A design demands the existence of a designer (the designer being God). Discussion The analogy advanced by Paley is weak; this is because it presumes, devoid of any justification, a manifest similarity between objects occurring naturally such as the eye and objects designed by humans (such as a watch). There is no strong correspondence between the two suffice to reinforce the analogy. This flows from the uniqueness of the universe; hence, one cannot employ an analogy to explain it. Secondly, the notion that the universe was designed prompts one to wonder who designed the designer. One can acknowledge the existence of God as the sole basis of the world and subsequently recognize God’s existence as necessary (always existing). Alternatively, one can just stop at the universe and embrace its existence as necessary (always in existence) devoid of positing God to explain it (Engel, et al. 200-250). Thirdly, the argument advanced in the analogy avails little information concerning God with the exception of the assertion that God is a design-producing being. As a result, the argument fails to avail a window for one to draw any conclusions regarding God’s nature or character beyond that. Similarly, the analogy fails to confirm the existence of only one God as there may be numerous designers (watchmakers). Bad Premises The analogy presented by Paley can be faulted based on some premises. To start with, if a person had not been aware of anyone wi
K-12 is the public education system in the United States that covers education from kindergarten up to grade 12. It is mainly funded by the federal, state, and local governments. The K-12 system in California is mainly funded by the state government. In the financial year 2016/2017, the state funding was 60%, with local taxes covering 25% and federal funding 9%. This is in accordance with the law that states that the state governments should be the main financiers of public education in the country. Levels of funding of the K-12 system vary across the country every year. In California, the state government has allocated $81 billion to K-12 education from its budget this year. This translates to $13000 per student.[1] The income used in the funding of the institutions comes from property taxes.[2] As such, the number of funds allocated to every school mainly depends on the wealth and property values in its surrounding community. The wealthy class contributes larger amounts towards education financing simply because they pay more taxes, while the middle and lower-class schools receive less funding because their community members tend to pay lower taxes).[3] Due to this issue, institutions located in leafy suburbs can afford to purchase the most updated learning materials, construct modern educational facilities and hire the best teaching staff available. On the other hand, middle-class schools often find themselves spending all their funding on paying teachers, leaving little or no money to improve their learning facilities and instruments. This is where the state government comes in to supplement the budget deficits of the less privileged schools, although their financing is inconsistent and sometimes unreliable.[4] If the schools do not receive state funding, they then usually adopt cost-minimizing techniques such as retrenchment of some teachers and reducing courses offered, which is a big blow to the students. As a result, students in schools with
Executive summary The airline industry is one of the industries that face many challenges and problems in operations. In most cases these problems are as a result poor management, poor marketing strategies that involve pricing, labor difficulties, political and governmental interferences and pressures among others. Alitalia which is a national airline in Italy has faced many of challenges in its operations and as result it has suffered great loses. This is just one among many airlines that have undergone such difficulties. However though there are great challenges and problems that the Alitalia airline has faced there is still hope of recovering from these problems and losses. The airline needs to adopt strategies that will enable it to build its image as well as create efficiency in operations, through adoption of such strategies it will be possible for the customers to build their trust again with the airline. Introduction Alitalia airline is the national airline in Italy and it was established in 1946 but started out its operations in 1947. Though the airline started its operations in 1947 the only year the airline has ever reported profits was in 1998, all the other years the airlines has been recording looses. The airline carries out operations in more than twenty four destinations domestically and more than sixty international destinations. Airlines allover the worlds are faced with certain challenges that inmost cases tend to affect the operations of the airlines to great extends. The Alitalia airline is one of the airlines that have faced great challenges in its operations. (Tony 2004). Discussion The airline since it was started it has experienced great challenges and problems to the point of nearly being closed from the airlines industry. The airline has incurred high amounts of losses especially in terms of money; the high loss of finances is what has resulted to the great problems that the airline has experienced. The problem of money loss is associated with the kind of staff the airline has, the pilots and the crew members are said to have to have contributed a lot in the problems associated with the airline financially. This is because there was no trust with them hence there were high financial losses that were recorded by the airline. There are other factors that are associated with the failure and financial problems of the airline apart from the pilots and the crew members. The airline experienced labor difficulties this was as a result of high labor turnover rates whereby the labor force was not maintained well. This affected the operations of the airline to great extends hence contributing to the major problems in the airline. The other major contributing factor was the government and political interferences to its operations. The government tried to in
History is full of intertwined events and revolutions and movements that would not have happened if not for a preceding defining event. Philosophical, technical, and scientific advances do not occur in a vacuum and are bound to affect future movements. This post will argue that the Enlightenment would not have been possible without the Scientific Revolution and that the latter set the stage for the former. The Enlightenment was one of the most important movements of the 17th and 18th centuries. It can be defined as a philosophical movement that concerned itself with applying rational thought to all aspects of human experience (Brooks, 2019). The movement postulated that logic and reason could and should be used not only in mathematical sciences but also in philosophy, morality, and society (Brooks, 2019). Furthermore, it aimed to “determine the limits of reason and metaphysics,” seeking to relate scientific principles with fundamental beliefs about reality and existence (Peters, 2018, p. 886). The movement would not have taken place without the Scientific Revolution questioning society’s view on natural order and the place of God in it. The revolution led to new learning methods about the world emerging, shifting from the previous principal method of description to discovery and experimentation (Brooks, 2019). The Scientific Revolution provided the Enlightenment with basic methodologies that could be applied to a broader scope of disciplines. Overall, the Enlightenment would not have occurred without the Scientific Revolution. The latter showed scientists that the description and reliance on the works of previous thinkers are not the sole methods of discovering the world around them. It promoted new methodologies and provided philosophers with new rational reasoning that could be applied to challenge the Church, the beliefs about human existence, and the place of God in the known universe.