ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The managed care plan (MCP) is a type of healthcare insurance which is designed to deliver medical services to its clients at a lower cost. The providers of managed care solutions analyze the market, comparing the rates charged by different physicians, hospitals, and clinics, and then sign contracts with the ones who offer the lowest prices. They can successfully negotiate with the healthcare providers and obtain considerable discounts since these organizations have a large number of clients. These companies build large networks which include various hospitals and doctors and pay them an annual fixed fee. It is different from another insurance model, fee-for-service, which implies that the healthcare providers are paid for each of their consultations separately. Despite its major advantage of affordability, managed care plans are often criticized by the public for their limitations concerning the choice of physicians and the lack of insurance coverage for the out-of-the-network cases. One of the primary reasons why Americans oppose the MCP model is because they believe it to be aimed strictly at the reduction of costs. For example, managed care plans imply that a client will be able to consult only one physician who is a part of the insurance provider’s network (Pinkovskiy, 2020). Many perceive such a situation as a desire of the managed care organizations (MCOs) to make their customers overpay for healthcare services. Moreover, the cost restrictions of the MCP solution mean that some vulnerable groups will not receive proper care. People who are constantly in need of assistance with their daily activities such as dressing, feeding, and bathing may not be eligible for these services under their managed care plan (Jones, 2018). Thus, the limited number of opportunities is the main cause of the public’s backlash against the MCP model. These are not the only problems which accompany the insurance option in question and are often reported by the clients. According to one study, MCP clients reported that they consistently experienced disorganization in the administrative processes, issues concerning communication with the MCOs, and declines in the provision of certain services (Arora et al., 2020). It demonstrates that there are significant challenges which the managed care providers have to address to improve their quality of operations. Apart from being unable to choose different physicians, individuals may not receive full insurance coverage for the services of a medical specialist who is not a part of the network (Duijmelinck & van de Ven, 2016). This creates a situation when a person, despite having an MCP, is forced to pay for themselves. Therefore, many people decide not to use a managed care plan, choosing other options, or avoiding being insured. The MCP presents an affordable insurance solution, yet due to its strict limitations and certain problems, it frequently becomes a target of criticism. The general public often opposes this type of insurance, saying that its primary goal is to decrease the price of healthcare by depriving the
Every individual in a family has a diverse character depending on the generation they find themselves hailing from; as a result, such personnel is fueled towards achieving different ambitions and desires. In this context, characters have portrayed disproportionate aspirations. For instance, in Lorraine Hansberry’s play Raisin in the Sun , the concept is shown via the manifestation of generational parity and its influence on the Youngers family’s characters. Furthermore, in a society or family aspect, people often have unique personalities based on the generation from which they come or are raised; consequently, the particular person is motivated to accomplish a variety of goals and aspirations. Selflessness is a virtue that is critical towards ensuring the bond within a family is maintained, while greed has separated many families. As demonstrated in the play Raisin in the Sun , Mama worries about the entire family’s future. Therefore, she asserts that she will purchase a better house for the family away from the slums upon receiving the insurance payout. Moreover, Mama feels like men today; Walter, an example, is lazy and does not want to toil to earn wealth; instead, they want it easy; she further aspires for Walter to work hard as other men she saw in the past generation. I come from five generations of people who were slaves and sharecroppers – but ain’t nobody in my family never let nobody pay ’em no money that was a way of telling us we wasn’t fit to walk the earth (p. 89). Evidently, the above quote illustrates that African American forefathers were independent in the past and did not accept gifts they did not rightfully earn. Mama appeals to Walter not to take Mr. Lindner’s money, a notion which Walter is pondering. She argues that hardly any of her forefathers acknowledged payoffs intended to suggest that they were unfit to exist on the earth a few centuries ago. Mama again emphasizes to Walter that he hails from a proud legacy of consciousness and identity despite the world’s attempts to diminish him as an individual due to his poverty. Today, most men dream of being rich and successful by engaging in business activities. As seen from the play Raisin in the Sun, Walters’s idea, like most men of his age, dreams of being successful business owners, and thence he wants the compensation money to start a liquor store. He has demonstrated that he desires to become extremely wealthy by running a liquor store and using it to support his family. He asserts that money is the foundation of a family; life would face extinction without it. Walter is a depiction of the recurring power of money’s influence in today’s society. He is also an example of young African Americans viewed in the play as lesser and worthless throughout the historical past. Since ancient times, their sole interest in society has been liberty upon its fulfillment, their desires shift towards succe
Case Background The case of Carvalho v. Toll Brothers arose out of a grave accident at a construction site, where an employee enlisted by a subcontractor engaged in excavation of trenches was fatally injured when the unsteady walls of a deep trench in which he was assigned to work caved in and crushed him to death. An inspector hired by the project engineer to observe the work being performed at the site was aware of the poor working conditions at the site by virtue of the fact that several walls had collapsed prior to the accident (“Carvalho v. Toll Brothers” par. 12). The case of Herczeg v. Hampton Township Municipal Authority and Bankson Engineers is similar to the Carvalho case as it also arose out of a fatal accident that was precipitated by the collapse of an unshored trench (Davis par. 1; “Jobsite Safety” 2). The accident at the construction site killed one worker who had been assigned to work in the unshored trench. Defense The defense in the Carvalho v. Toll Brothers case argued that although the contractual agreement stated that the engineer was required to have an inspector at the construction site on a daily basis to assist in monitoring the progress of the work, the engineer was not under any contractual obligation to supervise or oversee the safety procedures of the construction (“Jobsite Safety” 2). The defense team in this case purposed to demonstrate that the contractual agreement between the engineer and the contractor expressively excluded the former from any responsibility for the safety of workers at the construction site as ensuring safety is not generally considered part of a consulting professional’s contractual duties (Schneier 299-301). The team aimed to show that the engineer was not liable for the death as the sole responsibility for all persons and property at a construction site rests with the contractor (Schneier 302). In requesting the subcontractor to cover for the costs of the accident, the defense also wanted to demonstrate that the engineer could not be held responsible for the acts or omissions of the subcontractor that had enlisted the services of the deceased construction worker. The defense in Herczeg’s case argued that the engineering firm (Bankson) had no prior knowledge of unsafe conditions in the construction site and that the engineer was not bound by any duty regarding the allegations of having actual knowledge that the construction worker was working in an unstable and unsafe trench (Holland 1; Sweet and Schneier 248-250). The defense also asserted that the engineering firm was not liable for the worker’s death as none of its services were involved in the cause of the accident, not mentioning that the engineer had no authority to control the contractor’s work and had never assumed by contractual agreement or conduct any responsibility for safety at the construction site (“Knowledge of Unsafe” par. 3). Here, the defense team purposed to demonstrate that the contract between the engineer and the contr
Industries dominant economic features While evaluating a company’s economic environment, one needs to evaluate some features like an industry’s market size and growth potential i.e. for the given product/service that are in question, we need to evaluate the size of the market in terms in terms of demography and preferences of customers. There is need to evaluate the future growth potential/rate so as to determine how much more the company shall grow. Life cycle – The life cycle of the company evolves over five stages i.e. Introduction, Growth, Development, Maturity and Decline stage. The stage at which the company in question is the company at introduction the company’s pricing is a bit higher as the company is still recovering from the initial capital outlay. Buyer needs and requirements are another feature for evaluation. The needs for buyers keep changing from time to time and most companies design their companies on the basis of such needs. Pace of technological changes are other external factors that a company considers while laying strategies. While competing companies are globally integrated, the rate at which technology changes is readily embraced so as to keep at same base with other competing firms. Preference of vertical integration has often resulted into mergers and acquisitions. The existence of vertical integrations make companies want to position themselves in the market place Competitive forces facing the industry Competitive response is a lens for evaluating a company performance. Competitive responsiveness is the measure of a company’s capability to respond to changes in external conditions and events. Te overall goal is to improve a company’s performance (Jobfunctions.bnet.com/external environment). The ability to innovate represents a very important success in the modern business environment. The five competitive forces that face industries include:  1. Firms in other industries offering substitute products.  2. Buyers- Firms compete for existing buyers for the available products.  3. Potential, new entrants- the would-be-players are those with interest to join the market where the company is already a participant, those who have recently started operations in the market.  4. Rivalry among competing sellers- Corporations in the market environment have tendencies of scrambling for resources, market share, and loyalty and product leadership. This breeds rivalry among them. The sellers always feel they have more rights to customers/consumers than their rivals selling similar products/services.  5. Suppliers of raw materials, parts, components of other resources input. These are constituents where competition emanates from. Most resources are scarce and thus the demand for raw materials and other raw materials and other resources are scarce. The suppliers form networks and arrangements with corporations to have steady flow of resources. Factors driving industry changes & impacts they have   * Internet and e-commerce opportunities   * Increasing in long term industry growth rate   * Changes in who buys the product and how they use it.   * Product inn
To assess a relative health of family business, scholars and other researchers who are interested in this issue employ various criteria. Some of the criteria used rest in the fields of corporate governance, family governance, business performance, philanthropy, social responsibility, ethics and environmental sustainability. This paper will discuss these commonly used criteria in assessing the health of family business, and relate two of them to Gopher IT, which is a family business. Criteria Used by Scholars and Others in the Assessment The first criterion, which can be used in assessing the health of family business, is the system of corporate governance present. As family businesses develop, the relationships between administrators, owners and workers become intricate (Ward 38). A sound corporate governance system establishes the right policies to handle this intricacy. It forms a firm organizational system that clarifies reporting lines, duties and designation of the tasks. Corporate governance detaches policy direction from the daily operation of the business, and distinguishes management from ownership. A healthy family business should have clear guidelines to choose the right family individual, in order to ascertain that management transition does not interrupt the development of the business (Aronoff 2). Prosperous family businesses emerge from years of commitment and effort. Successful family businesses pass on accumulated experience, knowledge, and skills to other family members (Davis 6). Besides, corporate governance helps in preserving family harmony. Members of a family may have disputes among themselves on the administration of the business. A firm governance structure assists in solving such disputes enabling family members to concentrate on other significant issues. In addition, a governance structure offers clear strategies for recruiting family or non-family members, and unbiased performance-oriented promotion is vital for the continuity of a family business (Mallin 76). Management of personnel and recruitment are key aspects in achieving the success of a family business in the long term. Lastly, corporate governance promotes open decision-making and processes that guarantee justice assessing and rewarding both non-family and family workers, in order to avoid anxiety and maintain the reputation of a company. The second criterion, which can be used in attaining the health of a family business, is the family governance. Family governance includes the constitution, which stipulates employment and shareholding terms, as well as governance institutions (Rouvinez 56). Institutions of family governance aid in reinforcing family harmony and building strong relationships with its company. Family institutions augment the links of communication amid the family and its company, and also give chances for family members to discuss issues that can be linked to the family bus
Introduction Debates on the rights to work laws have been intensifying each day especially now that competition in the business world is increasing drastically. The topic of rights to work laws I, therefore, very significant in many organizations in the globe. This is because the laws define the rights of all employees and offers security for contracts for employers who are members of work unions (Taubman, and Alston, 2010, p 1). Global organizations are much concerned about these laws because they define powers of business unions whereby the right to work laws are now prohibiting the unions from taking certain measures towards the companies involved, which would result to mandatory membership of all employees as well as payments of union dues by the employees. Some people support the laws while others oppose them. However, these laws should be made based on their benefits to the state in question as well as its people (both employees and employers). It is therefore important for organizations to be aware of these laws to avoid exploitation of their employees by the unions as well as to learn on the benefits of joining the unions to enable them make wise decisions to the benefit of their businesses (Niznik, 2011, p 1). How unions survive in Right to Work states Since much legislation on rights to work laws is opposing work unions, the unions have developed several strategies to help them survive the opposition. For instance, many unions are now encouraging the use of new and improved technologies aimed at improving production. This move has attracted many employers to join the unions in order to benefit from the advancements in productivity technology. They are also providing other services such as coordination of labor management and improved training for employees of member employers. Through the guaranteed increase in wages, many employees are willing to join the unions despite the laws imposed on the unions. In order for unions to maintain their members in rights to work states, they are improving the units of bargaining which keeps the nonunionized employers at greater risks of competition due to the low wages they offer and also lack of job benefits to their employees. As a result, many firms choose to remain as union members despite their rights not to do so. For instance, the construction firms have more to benefit from by maintaining their membership due to better and much quality work resulting from the increased and improved training of employees (Cooper, 2004, p. 1). Similarly, fewer injuries are experienced in such companies and this attracts many such firms to join or maintain their membership in the unions. Due to the higher wages guaranteed on union members, community members are likely to have more to spend and this is beneficial to the companies and other employers in that their sales and services will increase due to the increased income of the employees which leads to subsequent increase in expenditure by society members. This encourages companies to join and maintain their membership to the unions in order to promote rise in sales. S
The book How to Do Discourse Analysis: A Toolkit , first published in 2011 and reprinted as a second edition in 2014, provides a helpful overview of the methods and instruments used in discourse analysis. The author of the book is James Paul Gee, who is famous for his work on discourse analysis. The present paper is a report on the book, which will seek to provide a summary of the main ideas and a reflection. This book mainly deals with the subject of discourse analysis, which is a method used to analyze language. The author explains that there are many different approaches to discourse analysis and the use of a particular approach depends a lot on the purpose of the analysis (Gee 1). The framework proposed by the author is both detailed and broad, as it assists in analyzing the structure of language while also placing it in its social, cultural, and political contexts (Gee 1). Thus, the present book provides readers with a comprehensive set of techniques to be used in discourse analysis. The structure of the book reminds that of a textbook, with four separate units, an introduction, and a conclusion. Unit 1 relates language to cultural context and explains how the acquisition of language affects our understanding of it. In this section, the author provides three tools that are designed to make it easier for readers to analyze their native language: the Fill In Tool, the Making Strange Tool, and the Frame Problem Tool. In Unit 2, the author focuses on the analysis of grammatical structures, showing how they are used to create meaning. The two tools that are introduced in this chapter are the Doing and Not Just Saying Tool and the Why This Way and Not That Way Tool. Unit 3 serves to expand on the topic by examining how placing language in context allows building significance, activities, identities, relationships, politics, connections, and knowledge. This section offers eight different tools, each focusing on a single component of meaning. Lastly, Unit 4 considers six theoretical tools, each built on theories used in a particular academic field, such as sociolinguistics, cognitive psychology, psychological anthropology, and history. Gee states that using a combination of the proposed tools allows creating a truly multi-faceted
St Patrick’s Cathedral is a catholic church of Saint Patrick in United States which is greatly festooned by various arts and sculptures. Even though there are many other churches it is the most gorgeous church in that city. Cathedrals are significant attractions of structural design as well as construction skills along with the aspects of faith and belief. They always explain about the past of the places where they are situated and the circumstances and substances prevailed at the time of their construction. The arts and crafts done as well as the structure of graves and the accessories made all add to the information about the systems prevailed at the time of making of those cathedrals. The St. Patrick’s Cathedral is built in the traditional style and form which is the church of Romans who are very orthodox. The structure of this church is entirely different from other churches. One of the main things which make it different from other churches is that it has a tall and broad tower and huge auditorium where many people can assemble at a time for prayer. It is the highest wooden building. Costly and precious materials are used for building this church. The roof of the church is metal with attractive architectural works which also protect from extreme storm and rain. The windows are arch shaped which are painted with variety of colours; moreover, stainless glass is used. This church is the home of devotion. It is a