ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary Even though the fight for the 8-hour workday has been won over 80 years ago, the changes had little to no effect on the US healthcare industry. As it stands, over 65% of all nurses work 12-hour shifts, often with mandatory overtime, whereas the rest have 8-hour shifts, 10-hour shifts, or a combination of thereof (Dempsey, 2016). As it stands, only Maryland and California have prohibited mandatory overtime for nurses. Allegedly, the 12-hour shifts, along with overtime, are implemented to cut costs and reduce the prices of healthcare for the end-users (Dempsey, 2016). In reality, however, the costs associated with burnout, employee rotation rates, and poor quality of service are likely to exceed expenditures associated with hiring additional staff. The reason I chose this policy issue is that it affects the entirety of the healthcare industry in the US, and the lack of adequate policies to protect nurses and patients causes direct damage to both. 12-hour shifts with either mandatory or “voluntary” overtime have a significant contribution towards nursing mistakes, burnout, care fatigue, and the desire to leave the profession. Banakhar (2017) reports a variety of health concerns associated with 12-hour shifts, ranging from sleep disturbances to improper work-life balance, job dissatisfaction, depression, and the desire to leave the profession. Saville et al. (2020) point out that 12-hour shifts result in a lower quality of care, reduced staffing adequacy, decreased amounts of nursing checks, and a greater volume of professional mistakes that lead to comorbidities, increased expenditures, and prolonged hospitalizations as a result. 8-hour shifts, on the other hand, would improve the quality of service, thus lowering the above-mentioned parameters. The fiscal impact of the existing policies is mostly negative and particularly dangerous to specific vulnerable population subgroups, such as the poor and the elderly. Older individuals constitute the larger portion of the hospitalized population, with patients aged 75 or older having at least 1 hospitalization per year (Webster et al., 2019). A third of them spend more than 4 weeks in the hospital per incident. Should they contract a hospital-acquired infection (HAI) or suffer as a result of negligence, it would prolong their hospital stay, resulting in greater expenditures for themselves and the facility (Webster et al., 2019). In addition, in the cases with working poor, prolonged hospitalizations and misdiagno
Company profile Toyota has developed a comprehensive product portfolio that is comprised of diverse automobile categories. For example, its hybrid cars comprised brand names such as Prius, SAI, Crown, CT200h, and HS250h. the conventional engine vehicles [compact and subcompact cars] entail the Yaris, Passo, Porte, Etios, Corolla Axio/Fielder, Spade, Vitz, Vios, and Ractis brands. Moreover, the firm produces auto-parts, commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles, and mini-vehicles under the Toyota brand. On the other hand, mid-size cars are produced under different brand names, viz. Avensis, Mark X, Camry, and REIZ. Toyota has also diversified into the luxury sports-utility and sports car segments. Its luxury car models are marketed under the Crown and Lexus brand names. The company has adopted a hybrid organisational structure by blending the product and functional structures in order to enhance the firm’s ability to respond to market changes. Toyota adjusts its organisational structure continuously in order to enhance its capacity to attain its global vision. For example, in 2013, the firm adjusted its structure in an effort to improve its manufacturing capacity. The automotive manufacturing process will be undertaken through four main business units, which include the Unit Centre, Lexus International, Toyota No.1, and Toyota No.2. The Lexus International Division will be charged with foreseeing the Lexus brand while the Unit Centre division will deal with unit-related operations. The Toyota No. 1 division will oversee operations in Europe, Japan, and North America regions. Conversely, the Toyota No.2 division will oversee operations in the Middle East, Africa, China, the Caribbean, Latin America, and the East Asia regions. The firm has attained optimal competitive advantage over the past decades, hence its ability to sustain market leadership. One of the core sources of the firm’s competitive advantage entails the investment in a unique manufacturing system, which has limited the likelihood of imitation by competitors. The uniqueness of the firm’s production system emanates from the fact that it is a blend of the company’s phil
Introduction The success of a business organization lies heavily on proper communication mechanisms within its structures. There are many publications and articles describing the effects of communication on businesses. In any trade, communication is an important ingredient for significant accomplishment. Even though the existence of specific communication norms contributes to the successful business operation, several communication aspects in business are attributed to failure at the organizational level. The research paper reviews some of the materials previously discussed in the course to discuss management communication. It examines the effective communication norms in a business set up, the role of interpersonal communication, barriers to communication, and strategies to overcome the barriers for conflict resolution in business among other issues related to communication. Effective Communication Norms Effective communication in a business setting is a positive contributor to the development and progress of an organization (Baack, 2012). Through training, employees acquire adequate and relevant business skills and knowledge, which are paramount for business advancement. Therefore, there should be adequate cycles to ensure that the knowledge flows easily among the different levels. According to Baack (2012), effective communication attracts knowledge to an organization. It is responsible for the dissemination of information to employees. The availability of information, as facilitated by effective communication, makes it easier for employees to come up with decisions that are beneficial to the organization. An effective communicator must have an underlying desire to communicate, which depends on several factors (Baack, 2012). The factors include, but not limited to, personal values of the communicator and the expectation that the recipients of the message will receive it in a meaningful manner (Baack, 2012). The communicator must also understand the learning processes of other individuals in terms of the differences in how some of the individuals are likely to p
Summary of Line of Duty Death and severe injury LODD (Line of Duty Death) refers to death that may occur to a firefighter staff in the course of discharging his or her duties. In certain situations, the member may sustain serious injury that compromises their ability to engage in any income generating activity. Incidences in the line of duty include death at then accident scene, death on hospital arrival, death while undergoing medication or later death due to unseen injuries. Such disaster leaves the family in utter grief and throws the surviving team in deep mourning. LODD or serious injury policy offers guidelines on the dos and don’ts in ensuring the life of the victim is saved and the concerned family receives the benefits entitled to them. According to this policy, the fire department should come up with documented procedures on the protocol to be followed in handling the matter. A group of persons with knowledge on the insurance policies of the company should be appointed to render assistance to the family in the filing of claim forms. Members of this group are identified by tittle and position and not by name. On the minimum, there are certain tasks that must be fulfilled by the set procedures. First, all agencies to be informed and the available insurance benefits listed. The process of filing the claim forms should be documented. A technique of handling the media, making press releases, informing the beneficiaries and providing them with the necessary assistance should be identified. All the essential information for filling the claim forms in case of investigative reports is provided in a list form. Since, an autopsy is necessary, all the processes required in securing authorization from the family members are documented. Moreover, details of the religious representatives should be availed (Theriault, p. 18). Depending on the location of the firefighter, the recommended autopsy guideline should be followed, and restraint exercised in the issuing of statements that relate to the incident. Speculations area not allowed, and where no facts are available, the department should state so. In addition, the department should have a checklist for all its personnel to be used in the occurrence of such an incident (Corzine et al. 2). The policy gives the names of the agencies to be notified, the benefits to the family of the deceased and the proposed autopsy procedure. It states the procedure of conducting the fire safety investigation besides offering a guideline on how to structure the both checklists for the incident scene and hospital scene. In addition, it provides a post-incid
Introduction The treasury department was officially established in 1789 in the US. However the functions of the department were still being carried out in the earlier period. Its history can be traced back to the American Revolution. During this period it was very necessary to finance the independence war against the Great Britain. The congress was not in a position to control taxes and there was no specific method that was used to control the finance that came from the foreign investors. In 1781, Robert Morris was appointed to be in charge of finances. In 1789, the United States held its first congress in New York (US T.W). This congress saw the formation of government under the constitution. In the same year the government came up with a formal body that was going to be in charge of all the finances within the government. The body was to be headed by a secretary of the treasury. Alexander Hamilton took charge of the office as the first secretary to the newly formed treasury department. He served the office from 1789 to 1795 (Katz, p14). In the 1800 the building that housed treasury was moved to Washington D.C in porticoes Georgian Hadfield. However the building was later burned by the British in 1814 but it was later replaced by another building built by James Hoban. The treasury building that exists to date was constructed between the year 1836 and 1869. Since its enactment, the department was involved with various duties and services towards the American community. Main body For the first two centuries the treasury was basically involved in the fiscal and revenue collection duties. The functions of the treasury were defined in the Treasury act of 1789. Activities such as the general land office, business operations among others were part of the treasury until they were moved to other new departments with the sole mandate of handling their independent activities. Throughout the years, the treasury has been under the powers of the constitution and various changes and developments have been adopted. For example the Civil war led to the loss of revenue from the customs and this necessitated the formation of the Bureau of Internal Revenue and also the printing of the paper currency. The treasury also saw the formation of the National Banking system. With the unfolding of the events in the World War II, the role of the treasury became more advanced in economic development and this gave way to more bodies within the treasury such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank (US T.W). The treasury has been organized into two components. This includes the departmental offices and the operating bureaus. The departmental offices are basically mandated to over see the formulation of policies and also the management of the treasury department. The operating bureaus on the other hand are responsible for specific operations within the
Introduction Sustainability has been described as capability to endure. Sustainability is the long-standing maintenance of welfare that has the social, economic, and environmental measures and covers the idea of union, a mutually dependent connection and common dependable position with every living and non-living things on earth. 1 This theoretical understanding moves well further than definitions driven by growth oriented economic perceptions, which consider humans as offering stewardship, the responsible managing the use of the resources. There are several challenges which are experienced by companies or businesses to achieve environmental sustainability internally and externally and these challenges should be addressed through application of opportunities which are available and accessible by these organizations. The environmental issues on earth have extended radically in the past decades and are currently among the main threats and challenges which have impacts on people lifestyles and organizations processes around the world. All businesses have felt these effects, but usually under-developed countries which carry the highest weight. Our main goal in this paper is to discuss the trends, opportunities and challenges which are associated with environmental sustainability mostly in industries and organizations. Environmental Sustainability Trends Transparency Constructions, industries and urban regions are evaluating and disclosing use of energy, carbon discharge, and any other measurements associated with environmental sustainability. The landlords of commercial houses do not often have an opportunity, for instance five United States cities and three states have implemented policies which govern energy performance measurement and disclosure currently and ten other states have proposed the implementation of these policies, to support residents and investors create effective well-versed choices. Housing, in European countries, is needed to show energy performance records and some other countries, like Australia, are employing the same strategy. 2 Transparency has grown in cities and CDP requested 60 cities globally to account environmental sustainability associated information in 2011 and among them, 40 cities took action, with 35 of them taking responses from the public, which was the best idea. CPD has increased its invitations to 150 cities worldwide and they have experienced optimistic responses, along with unexpected knowledge and dedication on climate change matters by heads of cities. 2 These city leaders identified that controlling water, energy, and waste would support interests of the firms and tenants as well as improving standard of life in many approaches. Global Consistency Extensive reports for environmental sustainability by urban areas and multi-national corporations have strengthened
Background Galaxy Paper Industry LLC, situated in the UAE, produces tissues and a variety of other related products such as Renown Select Bath Tissue, Renown Select Folded Towels, and Renown Select Roll Towel. The company also manufactures 550 sheets for roll single-ply as one of the varieties of tissues designed to address user needs and expectations. The other varieties include Decorative Floral Design and Premium performance with soft cloth feel. While various tissue production technologies such as the Advanced Tissue Molding System (ATMOS) technology exist, the company’s model is based on the Structured Tissue Technology (STT) technology. This is in line with Wheelwright’s (2010) operations management optimization policy on tissue production that uses lean manufacturing methods. The company’s management structure hierarchical in nature with the top position held by the board of directors and the chief executive officer. Lower management departments are modeled in a classical and spreadsheet organization with each management level defined by different functions, roles, and responsibilities (Sousa & Voss, 2008). This discourse is on Galaxy Paper Industry LLC‘s operations management in the production of tissues for the UAE market. Mission Accordingly, the mission statement reads: to continue providing the market with superior quality paper products through innovation, conformance, and commitment. Vision To be looked high upon as a guiding light in terms of excellence in product quality. Values Passion for progress, the pursuit of perfection, conformance to the quality commitment to the environment Philosophy The world can be a cleaner, healthier, and greener place. Goals The company strives to achieve industry success by providing high-quality products by adopting a management structure and a technology platform capable of providing efficient and effective production processes. Objectives Provide visibility to the management in decision making with best in class manufacturing technologies Awards/accreditations/ certifications in the outlook of operations No awards. The company aims to grow by providing customized products to the market by listening to the customer to address their needs and expectations. Galaxy Paper Industry LLC‘S Organizational Chart Figure 1: Organizational chart. Figure 1 shows the Galaxy Paper Industry LLC’s organizational chart. The organizational chart’s composition or structure is hierarchical, which depicts the tasks, authority, and the relationship among different organizational functions. In accordance with organizational design structures by Jacobs, Chase, and Chase (2010), the company’s structure reflects the nature and functions of each department as well as procedures for executing departmental tasks in a top-down structure. According to Sousa and Voss (2008), the structure adopted by Galaxy Paper Industry LLC, in theory, combines the topmost component defined by a classical organization while the rest is a combination
Stereotypes are the constructions set by society which happen to be the gauge with which members of society measure themselves up. These designations come up due to the hierarchical structures in the society which define ones position in that society and mostly are based on prejudice. They are based on judgments and that it is time that brings them out (New 577). For instance there is the social stratification whereby a person either belongs to the higher social status (superior) or the low social class (inferior). Both groups have got significant adjectives with which they describe the other. For example, those in the high social class describe those from the low class as stupid, lazy and lots of other negative adjectives. On the other hand those in the high social class are thought to be hard working, intelligent and so many other positive adjectives. Structures of power in society do to a great deal influence stereotyping in society. For instance the case of Coffey and his family are immigrants into Canada in Brian Moore’s novel The Luck of Ginger Coffey. Having settled in Canada, as a people of the immigrant community, they are visitors and therefore proximity to job opportunities are quite a challenge. This is worsened by the educational background of Ginger (New 577). Therefore it can be seen that a person’s level of education can be a determinant in the kind of job opportunities to his or her exposure. Education is given a priority to be a determinant of the kind of job an individual can access. Society has therefore stereotyped good jobs for instance white collar jobs to be available to those with high academic qualifications and those without qualification or less qualification get blue collar jobs. This inequality of power leads to social stereotyping of job opportunities. Gender constructions are also designed by society whereby the society decides on who is to do what and to what extent thus pointing to behaviors in society. For example, in the family set up, a man is the expected breadwinner of the family and therefore when a family fails to achieve success in the social structure, then the man is the one to be blamed for that family’s failure. The expectations of society are therefore reflected in behavior, values exhibited by both men and women, roles played by both genders both of which have got no sexual or biological affiliations (New 575). By not being able to provide adequately for his family, Ginger can be seen as a failed man and thus failed marriage because his wife goes ahead and gets married to Gerry Grosvenor who is better placed to take care of her more than Ginger can. A man is therefore depicted as the one who is to determine the direction which his family is to take in view of being economically stable. The family of Ginger thinks that life on the other side of Montreal is far much better than life in Ireland. This leads to the
The analysis of Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc., and financial statements provide a solid basis for planning for the company. According to Blokhin (2020), Chipotle operates restaurants predominantly in the US and at international locations. The company’s hallmark is an alternative menu with organic products and customizing them to consumers’ tastes. Chipotle is notable with its high growth rates, unusual for many other large restaurant businesses. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the company reports the earnings to exceed expectations (Johnston, 2020). This paper aims to summarize the importance of the five steps of financial recommendations for Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. and explain how the steps contribute to the company’s growing success. A summary of the importance of financial recommendations is provided in this paragraph. The projected income statement and projected balance sheet, indicated in the first step, are essential as they enable Chipotle to assess the feasibility of various strategies and compare scenarios in different years (David & David, 2017). The EPS/EBIT Analysis allows for determining an appropriate combination of debt and equity for the company and highlights the need to avoid the debt share from exceeding the stock share. Next, cash value and the method average are significant as they indicate that Chipotle is still in the negative. The current ratio’s importance lies in the company’s ability to assess whether it can meet its short-term cash obligations (David & David, 2017). The debt-to-equity ratio estimates whether Chipotle can cover its liabilities in case of financial declines, keeping the company from getting into financial distress. In the final step, retained earnings of Chipotle Mexican Grill are indicated, crucial for the company to calculate net income after dividend payments and decide on how to distribute it (Kenton, 2020). Overall, the financial recommendations and analysis evaluate Chipotle’s budget and help with determining strategies. The five steps analyzed in this paper contribute to the Chipotle Company success going forward. As Page (2019) reports, one of the company’s key success factors is the ability to maintain immediate control over all the operations. In particular, the p