ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Saudi Arabia Refineries Company limited is a small company that operates in Saudi Arabia. Its production per year is small as compared to those of other competing companies. It is headed by a chief executive officer and has a total employee population of one hundred. Its future aspirations include being a regional leader. It has been in operation for less than ten years. Types of information systems An information system is an organized system used by an organization to generate information for the daily running of the organization. It has the following components; hardware, software, data, and people who generate and those who use the information. The Saudi Arabia refineries company limited has the following types of information systems in place; management information systems, office information systems, transaction management information systems, expert information systems, and support information systems (will 11). Office information systems An office information system combines both hardware and software to enable the flow of information between users of the system. In Saudi Arabia Refineries Company limited, this system enables the communication between employees. In this company, most tasks are performed electronically though some tasks are still carried out manually in the office. The tasks that are automated permit quick and effective communication between employees. The automated functions are executed manually once in a while when the electron system is temporarily not available. The office information system supports a range of Saudi Arabia company limited refineries office activities. Some activities that are carried out using this system are;   * Creating and sharing documents – some activities supported by this include word processing, spreadsheets, and graphic presentations.   * Sending messages – through e-mail, facsimile (fax), voice mails, and video conferencing.   * Making work schedules – management of work schedules includes task allocation, day and of the week a particular task is to be carried out. It also shows who is to carry out the particular task mentioned.   * Carrying out most activities related to accounting – the accounting department is among the greatest beneficiaries of the information systems. Some tasks that the department can carry out are creating balance sheets, making income statements, and generating invoices. In Saudi refineries limited all the levels of the users of the office information system utilize and benefit from features of this system. This is a good indication that the system is a sound investment for the company. The following is hardware that plays a part in this system;   * Computers connected to the internet   * Scanners   * Fax machines   * Cameras   * S
In my opinion, the best way to address the alarmingly mounting problem of obesity in the U.S. is to implement a massive, regular education campaign on two fronts: the media represented by television , and the school. The government should allocate a healthy budget for public health programs to be aired on television. 50% of these programs should target American parents. A survey conducted by the American Obesity Association in 2005 found that parents tend to misjudge the danger of their children becoming obese (American Obesity Association, 2005). The public health television programs should educate parents on two fronts: how to establish a set of conditions that contribute to a healthy lifestyle, and how to establish a set of conditions that are conducive to healthy eating. Advisories on the first front include creating time and occasion for all the family members to engage in frequent physical activities that are liked by all, such as walking or cycling; arranging family holidays that involve physical activities, such as hiking or a ski trip; initiating physically active neighborhood group programs like basketball or hide-and-seek; and involving all family members in physically active household tasks like mowing the lawn or washing the car. Advisories on the second front include providing meals that mainly comprise grains, vegetables, and fruits; making it a practice for all family members to eat together without haste and without encroachment by other activities like watching television; reducing family consumption of fast food – the highest recommended frequency being once a week; providing low-calorie snacks like yogurt and fruit; making it a habit to avoid serving food portions that are too big; and avoiding the practice of using food as the end-result of something (American Obesity Association, 2005). The other 50% of public health programs on television should target the general public, educating them on various issues and clarifying common misconceptions. An example is ‘portion control.’ American society thrives on ‘bigger and more,’ a fixation that is thoroughly exploited by fast-food companies that provide ‘super-size’ meals, and by restaurants that generously dole out jumbo portions. A second example is ‘quality appreciation.’ Americans sacrifice quality for quantity where food is concerned. The average American diet is deluged with processed foods, unlike healthier European diets that contain only small amounts of processed foods. A third example is dispelling myths such as ‘liver is good for health,’ and ‘salads are very nutritious.’ While the liv
The irony is an important element in Frank O’Conner’s story “First Confession.” In this story, one can actually hear the soft tap-tap of irony as it drives its careful wedge between a young boy’s pronouncements and the conclusions readers are meant to draw (Raney 86). The story is in the first person, in the voice of Jackie. The main protagonist is Jackie, a seven-year-old boy who fears and hates his grandmother. He also lives with his sister Nora who constantly torments and teases him. He hates his grandmother so much that he refuses to even eat dinner prepared by her. This was when the time came for his first confession and communion. The old lady who prepares him for this ritual, Ryan, in the name of nurturing spirituality, speaks about hell, the tortures of hell, and the evil that would befall if one fails to make a good confession. She does this in a dramatic way, so much so, Jackie becomes scared: “a shocking impression on me.” The story has all three types of irony: verbal, dramatic, and situational. Being taught to examine our consciences is supposed to be a positive experience in spirituality. But Jackie says, “the worst of all was when she showed us how to examine our consciences” (O’Connor 1). It is ironic that spirituality that was meant to evoke positive feelings in a person evoked only fear and disgust in the mind of young Jackie. It is dramatic irony in this instance. Jackie feared that he had broken every moral code. As he was only a child, he questioned Ryan whether honoring one’s father and mother included grandmother. When she answered in the affirmative, Jackie became sure that he was a terrible boy and a sinner who had broken all commandments all because of his old grandmother. “I was scared to death of confession” (O’Connor 1). This is situational irony. Confessions are meant to bring peace to the sinner’s mind. Jackie is terrified of confession. Jackie had to go to the chapel for Communion on Sunday morning with Nora. She was cruel and scared him all the way to the chapel giving him frightening pictures of confession and reminding him of all his ‘sins’: “Do you remember the time you kicked Gran on the shin?” (Mercier and Greene 517). With this fear, Jackie had to enter the chapel. He felt trapped: “couldn’t escape even if I wanted to” – an example of dramatic irony. He feared that he might not be able to reveal all his sins, and hence he might burn to death like the man in the story Ryan had said. Explicit verbal irony is there in the paragraph when he describes Nora walking down the aisle: “God, the hypocrisy of women! Her eyes were lowered, her hands were joined on her stomach, and she walked up the aisle to the side-altar as if she was treading on eggshells. I remembered the devilish malice with which she had tormented me all the way from home, and I wondered if all religious people were like that” (Mercier and Greene 518). Here the irony is in the behavior of Nora and expressed through the tool of sarcasm. Though she acted like a devout Christian, she was ruthless when it cam
Stage of group development Group development follows a step by step method in order for such a team to grow and work cohesively. An example of such step by step method is the model suggested by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. This model suggests these steps to be: forming, storming, norming and performing (Dyer, 2004).   * Forming: This is the first stage of establishing a group. Members develop the desire to be accepted by others so as to get rid of controversies. Members get to understand each other, understand the task ahead of them and how to appreciate each others role. Opportunities and challenges are identified so as to set goals for the task ahead of them.   * Storming: At this stage, different ideas are brought together for competition. Members of the team agree on the problems they are supposed to solve. They agree how to operate independently and together in order to provide solutions to the problem ahead of them and the best model of leadership is agreed at this stage.   * Norming: This is the stage whereby the team agrees on one specific goal to drive them to achieving their objective. Every member agrees to employ his/her knowledge and skill s and takes responsibility of the duties allocated.   * Performing: At this stage, the team can start working as a unit in order to have the task ahead completed effectively with no need for any supervision. Team members are competent to make decisions that contribute to the team success. Types of roles played by group members A group is composed of people who have different levels of knowledge and skills. The success of a group is depends on how people relate to each other. Some of the members of a team tend to be supportive to the work of the group while some are interested with completing the group task successfully while there are still others who make negative contribution to the group by bringing conflict and disharmony in the group (Dyer, 2004). Each member of a group has a specific role to play in the group, the roles played are: Initiator: This is the member who suggests the initial idea or the various ways of addressing a group task. This initiates the exploration of the several ideas that can be employed to find a group solution. Information seeker: Carries out a research on finding facts of the ideas suggested. Additionally, this member finds out the missing information which is necessary for the continued success of the group task. Coordinator: Monitors the relationship of the ideas. This task involves bringing the ideas together so as the can work cohesively. Recorder: The role of this member is to store the minutes of the meeting and other records. This task involves keeping a good track of all the activities that are carried out by the group. Group conformity issues Forsyth (2006) defined conformity as “the process by which an individual’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are conditioned by what is conceived to be what other people might perceive.” Conformity influences the performances of team members in a group because people
Mi Familia (1995) is an American movie that shows experiences that a Mexican family undergoes in a period of three generations. The movie centers on the experiences of the Mexican family by showing how family members shape their cultural identities from Mexicans to Americans. Differences in cultural backgrounds of the Mexicans and Americans portray how the family members undergo cultural transition during the three generations. Since the characters in the movie are Mexicans, they highlight various aspects of Mexican culture, and further show how these aspects change from one generation to another (Nafus, 1995). The first generation of the family migrates from Mexico to Los Angles and tries to uphold Mexican norms and traditions, while the second generation finds it impossible to uphold the Mexican culture in Los Angles. Therefore, the third generation starts to adopt American culture and acquire new norms and traditions. To enhance understanding of communication styles that are in the movie, this essay examines unique ways of how characters communicate. The unique acts in the movie are the performances that characters make. Since Mi Familia has elements of romance, the characters in the movie dance to the Latin music in unique ways and dancing styles that are not common in Los Angles. Across the movie, characters exhibit cultural dancing styles that reflect Mexican culture. The Mexican culture is evident in the kind of music that the characters enjoy dancing to or listening to in the course of their romance. In the movie, Isabel teaches Jimmy how to dance in the courtyard. According to Nafus (1995), seduces Jimmy in the courtyard by dancing. Such act of romance differs from other cultures in Los Angles. What is unique is that Isabel and Jimmy romantically dance to the Latin music in the courtyard, and thus surprising neighbors. Dressing code is also unique in the movie as it does not reflect the American culture, but portrays the Mexican culture. The dressing code of the characters makes them to appear partly nude in the movie, which is unique about them. Among various love scenes in the movie, characters appear nude and passionate about their lifestyles. According to the American culture, the dressing code matters a lot in the family context, but in the movie, characters seem to dress as per their cultural predisposition. James (1995) states that due to nudity and the use of suggestive language, the movie requires parents to accompany children under the age of 17 years when watching the movie. Thus, the explicit romance scenes reflect unique cultural norms and traditions of the Mexicans. The characters in
With the recent spike in obesity and the health issues that it entails, the focus on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, proper dieting, and weight management has been viewed as a reasonable requirement, whereas the opposite habits used to be condoned. However, the recent turn toward inclusivity in every domain of people’s lives and the resulting focus on body positivity has defined a new trend in the attitudes toward weight issues. In her essay, Mojola Omole addresses the concept of viewing obese people that do not show visible signs of health problems as people with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) (Omole, 2020). Omole’s opinions concerning the subject matter are quite compelling, yet they are not devoid of inherent contradictions. The idea of body positivity and the focus on abstaining from shaming obese people is a positive change. However, viewing MHO as a natural state as opposed to a health condition is likely to create problems since metabolic problems are likely to manifest themselves at an older age, where they will no longer be preventable. Leaving a general impression of ambiguity due to the controversy of the topic, the essay by Mojola is definitely worth contemplation as a paper in which stigmatization of obese people collides with the tools for effective management of health threats associated with obesity. It appears that, by combining these two separate issues into a single concept, the author seems to overlook the risks that the proposed solution entails for obese people and especially children. Namely, the author could have deployed a more critical approach toward the social factors underlying the phenomenon of bullying as it occurs to people with weight issues, thus suggesting strategies for social change (Omole, 2020). It appears that the conflation of the social perception of obesity and the understanding of its medical implications affects the argument significantly. The style that the author uses is one of the aspects that deserve being unambiguously praised. Instead of using the vocabulary and structure that creates an implicit feeling of persuasion, Omole opens the opportunity for a debate. The specified approach is much appreciated in the current setting of media debate, where dissenting opinions are usually shut down, whereas the mainstream narrative is upheld and lauded as the only possible opinion to hold. In addition, the use of credible primary sources that support the argument adds weight and credibility to the article. Specifically, direct quotations from patients like Hilz and healthcare experts such as Dr. Sean Wharton are a welcome addition to the conversation (Omole, 2020). While the former helps to create the sense of authenticity and offers a first-person perspective on the issue, the latter supports it with medical evidence. Although the concept of MHO is yet to be questioned and scrutini
Initial Research Proposal and Educational Philosophy Although water and land have become scarce in the recent past, they still remain essential in supporting production, industrialization, and human activities. This proposal seeks to support the introduction of smart systems and water resource management practices and integrating them in infrastructure and built environments. Such models will be implemented on a city-wide level to ensure that all individuals can access this commodity and encouraging them to use it sustainably (Li, Yang and Sitzenfrei, 2020). The relevant agencies and administrators will engage in monitoring to ensure that desirable results are being recorded. The concept of demand-side management will guide more city dwellers to transform their behaviors for the better and learn how to use the available scare resources sparingly. Such partners will also appreciate the importance of protecting their environments and ecosystems. From an educational or philosophical perspective, the idea of integrated water resources management (IWRM) has become a reality today since many communities and companies are implementing coordinated efforts to conserve all land-related resources to maximize economic and social outcomes for all citizens. Different stakeholders are relying on such a framework to reduce the possible negative impacts on the natural environment (Niesenbaum, 2019). Activists in this field apply a powerful philosophy to encourage more citizens to continue formulating decisions that do not affect the lives and experiences of others. The consideration of such strategies will present additional opportunities for protecting the environment at the personal level (Cosgrove and Loucks, 2015). The IWRM concept is, therefore, replicable in modern cities to deliver the true benefits of sustainability. When more stakeholders pursue this idea, the world will become a better place and overcome the predicaments arising from climate change. Motivation The global community is currently facing numerous sustainability challenges, including loss of habitats, scarcity of resources, and global warming. Governments, municipalities, and companies in different regions are utilizing modern technologies and innovations to implement enhanced water conservation and monitoring strategies. Khan (2017) encourages individuals and companies to utilize this rare commodity efficiently, engage in recycling, and channel wastes for other activities, such as in cooling systems and agricultural activities. In the Middle East, many countries and cities have implemented similar approaches since water remains unavailable or expensive (Khan, 2017). Within the areas of infrastructure management and construction, architects and engineers have been focusing on some of the best measures to deliver sust
Pregnant mothers succumb to varied forms of unconsciousness or ailments that affect different organs of their bodies. Some suffer from prenatal nausea, mania, and depression. Some succumb to organ-related pains like headaches, stomachaches, allergies, and back pains. To reduce the pains, pregnant women have to take drugs. In the process, some women tend to buy drugs from shops given without viable prescriptions while others seek medical attention from physicians. Some of the prescribed or over-the-counter drugs have led to teratogenesis of the body organs of the unborn. In severe cases, the drugs have led to an unintentional abortion. To reduce the impending risks, Gideon, Anne, and Shinya recommend that manufacturers should clarify the effects of a given drug on the health of the mother and developing embryo. This will be crucial in warning women against the indiscriminate use of any drug for relieving pain as well as directing physicians on what type of drug to use in diagnosing a pregnant patient. Even though it is important to specify the effects of particular drugs on the health of pregnant mothers and unborn children, the act itself may be misperceived as indirect instruction to abortion. Gideon, Anne, and Shinya connote that many carrier women especially in North American fall victims to unwanted pregnancies, and can easily seek abortion (1128). In such circumstances, the specificity of the manufacturers about the negative effects of particular drugs may seem as indirect lead to committing abortion, which is contrary to societal ethics. The existence of the teratogenic drugs in the market has resulted to uncertainties concerning effectiveness of various drugs on the health of the pregnant women. For example, many controversies have surrounded the use of drugs like spermicides, Bendictine and benzodiazepines. Gideon, Anne and Shinya clarify that initial studies conducted on the drugs unveiled that the drugs were teratogenic and therefore unfit for pregnant mothers (1135). However, extensive research that has taken into account various factors like previous and prevailing maternal health conditions also proved that the drugs are safe. As reported by Gideon, Anne, and Shinya, the latest research found that woman with cancers, epilepsy, and other abnormal health conditions are like