ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The resilient progresses in genetics have led to the current states of genetic manipulation. Such genetic manipulations might be used to design the features of future babies. In fact, whichever the genetic anarchy, the medical practitioners as well as the parentage are capable of screening embryos heritably through instigating IVF also called In Vitro Fertilization. The IVF practice incorporates all aspects of test-tube sperm egg fertilization. However, medical experts perform the action outside the mothers’ wombs to allow for the screening of the embryos. Certain genes attached to a number of incurable ill health and genetic imperfections may be eradicated through genetic manipulation (Mori, 1999). Furthermore, before inserting the embryos free from syndromes into the foster mother’s womb, a pre implantation procedure that is an avant-garde practice is used alongside tissue typing to screen the genetic disorders in the embryos. The process is also used in cosmetic grounds apart from screening the hereditary and genetic mayhems (Santos & Ferraro, 2006). Thus, through PDG also known as the pre implantation genetic diagnosis, parents can choose particular characteristics for their offspring. These features might encompass color of the hair, skin, eye, and gender of the progeny. In addition, parents can decide the baby’s mental ill-health liberty; stop the obesity tendencies, physique, beauty, and intellect. However, many think that genetic manipulation has both benefits and limitations. The cases for genetic manipulation At the outset, genetic manipulation might be important to many parents as it trims down the prospects of grave infections in the newborn babies. Indeed, genetic manipulation can reduce chances of cystic fibrosis, atrophy of spinal muscles, and Down syndrome (Marks, 2002). Additionally, genetic manipulation eradicates Diamond-Black fan anemia that is an infrequent blood anarchy as well as ancestral hypercholesterolemia. In order to stop the future generation from possessing genes with diseases, parents aspire for the designer babies. Actually, this is applicable to the generations having hereditary medicinal situations such as Alzheimer’s syndrome, hypothyroidism, arthritis, cancer, thalassemia, and Parkinson’s illness (Brown, 2001). Therefore, parents become rest assured that their children will have good physical shape in their subsequent generation. On the other hand, genetic manipulation is important given that the implantation of the screened genes bearing virus from healthy persons in the womb is possible. The parents will thus be certain that their future offspring will be relieved from similar diseases they are facing together with their present progenies (Morales, 2009). Similarly, certain parents are not capable of getting children for fear that they will pass away at infancy stage due to the accruing genetic disorders. As a result, this genetic makeup technology will allow such parents to bear children. In fact, every child will be free from anguish while the parents will have little emotional s
Cost allocation is very crucial for any budgeting decision to be made especially in big companies. There are various departments within the company or organization. For instance, in a manufacturing company, there can be production departments and service departments. The service departments provide services to the other departments of the organization. When allocating costs to the service departments, it is prudent to assign their costs to the production departments which should be shared by the production departments. Understanding cost allocation can be crucial in estimating any future expenditure as the budget is being prepared. Budgets also include the revenues expected to be received from each of the departments or each activity of the business. An organization has to price its products and services in a profitable way especially in making sales budgets. Edmonds, Olds, McNair, and Tsay (2012) explain that Costs are divided into categories of direct labor, direct materials, and overheads. Direct costs can be traced and hence easily allocated unlike the overheads or indirect costs. The two methods used in the allocation of overheads are a direct method and cost allocation method. The direct method may lead to misallocation of costs and poorly set prices. The company has to make a decision on the method to be used in the preparation of its budgets. The cost allocation method is the most efficient method in which Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is used to accurately determine the costs. The cost drivers are used where products that use specific activities are identified and then resources are measured based on consumption by the products. For example, in a production cost budget, a product may have a cost per machine set up as the cost driver. Assuming that the number of machine set-ups needed for this product is 10, and the cost per machine set up is $2, then the cost to be allocated is $20.Another cost driver like several orders and inspections can be calculated. The costs can then be accurately used in the preparation of production cost budgets. Products that do not use certain activities do not share the cost burden with other products (Edmonds et al, 2012). This is more accurate and therefore will be useful in the calculation of costs for a given product. The mark-up is then computed to determine the price to be charged for each of the products made. The company will be more competitive in the market as it can allocate the costs and decide to reduce the prices of those products that are overpriced. In the long run, the business can maximize profi
Writing as art is employed by authors to illuminate events that occur in society. Authors are motivated by various reasons to write their stories. However, at the end of each story, the author conveys an unmistakable message. For example, in “The Bath” by Janet Frame, the author gives readers an insight into the perils of old age by narrating the ordeal of a lonely old woman. The story challenges the notion that old age is characterized by peace and satisfaction. The section of the short story upon which this commentary focuses starts in the third paragraph and ends in the middle of the story. It is a relatively short passage, but interestingly, it carries the weight of the story. It captures the old woman’s struggle from the time she enters the bathtub to the time she despairs and starts crying after several unsuccessful attempts of getting out of the bath. The struggle is painful and almost hopeless. Prior to this passage, the author lays a background that gives an idea of how important a simple bath had become an old woman. She only bathed in preparation for special occasions and this case, she had to make the seventeenth anniversary trip to her husband’s gravesite the next day. As such, the bath was imperative. As an old and frail woman who lives alone, every task became difficult to accomplish with each day that passed. Bathing had particularly become scary to her because of her trouble with getting out of the bath. It seems to be the most agonising activity the miserable woman had to endure. She prepared elaborately for the bath and remembered to take precaution in anticipation of the difficulty she would encounter while trying to get out of the bath. It is unfortunate that after the bath, she forgets about the chair and only remembers it later. The impression this passage creates is that the old woman believed that something awful could easily happen to her in the process of trying to get out of the bath. Her fruitless efforts threw her into a state of desperation, causing her to cry helplessly. The thoughts that surged through her mind after several failed attempts at leaving the bath give the passage a somber mood. She heard no one or traffic nearby and thought to herself that, “If I shout for help,” … “no one will hear me” (69). When she eventually called for assistance, no one responded to her call. In the end, she could not help, but imagine how her husband John would have helped her. It is as if she had been left by the world to suffer alone. The somber mood in the passage blends in well with the mood in the rest of the story. In the introductory paragraphs of the story, the author mentions the death of the old woman’s husband and her lonely life. Additionally, the author constantly refers to the pain she feels in various parts of her body. Further, her lonely struggle in the bath accentuates the somber mood. The only time the mood of the story changes is when she is at the cemetery. However, the fact that the woman only feels peaceful whe
Sponsored by the public, charter schools are knowledge institutions formed under a performance accord. Charter schools enjoy certain privileges thus are expected to prosper academically. Before a full charter is granted, student performances must meet certain required standards. Furthermore, even after a charter is granted, there must be follow ups on student performance, which ultimately determines whether or not the contract will be extended. Cheyenne charter academy Cheyenne’s mission is to assist students achieve their full intellectual potential. It also aims at modifying student behavior by incorporating high-quality programs in their curriculum (CMCAA, 2010). Cheyenne has a number of directors; five of them being the ultimate persons that manage the academy. Four parent and one community head are persons who constitute the 5-member board. The school is also governed by initial directors who serve at different time period. The board is characterized with several other offices i.e. president, secretary and many others (CMCAA, 2010). The school has a principal who is the chief administrator followed by a deputy, then finally teachers. I believe that, the academy’s philosophy not only targets at educating students, but also aims at providing quality education. This is because of their content-rich curriculums that advances education and also refines student behaviors. My observation was also noted by a classmate who considered Cheyenne’s curriculum to be exceptional. Following their rigorous curriculum programs, Cheyenne’s students are disciplined and also uphold excellent moral behavior. The students are knowledgeable, and brilliant in academic works, which is a reflection of the academy’s quality courses. In fact, this observation was also noted by a fellow classmate who admitted that Cheyenne students are impressively intelligent. Law requirements It is a primary requirement for the law to be neutral on every citizen, despite of their background, color and age. This does not apply to young ones who enjoy some legal privileges. The students, like everybody else, are sheltered by the law from unnecessary and insensible searches. The law further states that searches can be carried out on the student’s bags, properties and pockets; although, after obtaining the student’s permission, or on sensible grounds. However, the same law disallows authorizations obtained via intimidations. In as much as the term “reasonable” is emphasized in the amendment, getting its clear definition has always been a hot topic for discussion. In fact, a fellow noted that, the term is extremely contentious and clear guidelines should accompany it. The term “reasonable” that guides officials to carry out searches on students is established based on two criteria i.e. whether or not a search will reveal a proof, or the nature of circum
Introduction Stress is a feeling created when we respond to some events. It is the body’s natural way of preparing to face a difficult situation with alertness, stamina, power, and focus. The stress provokers are called stressors, which cover a variety of situations. In addition, stress is caused by negative thoughts that have an effect on a person’s mental and physical well being. Stress is also caused by accumulation of continued stressful situations, especially those situations that a person is unable to control, relentless stress that causes a severe acute response to some traumatic events, and acute stress that causes serious illness. These traumatic events lead to psychological disturbance and anxiety resulting to stress. The following paragraphs discuss the biological factors involved in stress. Biological Factors Involved in Stress Stress is subjective because what may be good to one person may be stressful to the other. For example, when flying, many people have anxieties while others love to fly. Human beings bodies responds the same way to stressful situations, but those who suffer from stress related diseases like depression are unable to turn their body’s’ responses off. The body’s’ reaction to stress is meant to enhance flow of both adrenaline and cortisol in the blood. Psychological stress may be caused by events leading to emotional disturbances. Some of these events include losing a loved one or ending a relationship. As the person thinks about the event, his psyche may cause anxiety that leads to stress. He/she might feel unattractive or lose confidence (Aldwin, 2007). According to scientists, there is no cause of anxiety, but they also argue that the possible causes of anxiety may be due to heredity, brain chemistry and life experiences (Keil, 2004). Nevertheless, researchers are still learning more about the causes of anxiety. With advancement in technology, scientists will be able to learn more about the biological and psychological effects that causes anxiety and stress. As they continue to analyze the causes, they will be able to offer efficient cure. According to studies, anxiety disorders can also run in families. Children whose parents have suffered from anxiety disorder have greater chances of having stress. Neuroscientists from Harvard school have found out that prolonged exposure to stress hormones such as corticotrophin and cortisol in mites have resulted to anxiety that leads to depression (Aldwin, 2007). How the Body Reacts to Stressors According to Ron de Kloet, Joels, and Holsboer (2005), the body reacts to stressors by stimulating the nervous system and some of the hormones. The hypothalamus sends a signal to the adrenal glands to discharge more adrenaline and cortisol to the blood. When such hormones are released, they increase the blood pressure: the blood vessels expand to accommodate the blood, thus preparing the muscle for sudden changes. Other body organs such as the liver respond to the body’s reaction since it releases the stored glucose in order to give the body more energy. In a
Where would you rather go, to the skating park or wood park? A very easy question as it may seem at the very beginning. The answer is obvious: the wood park. However, why do people choose wood parks? May be because they got used to them and the first image that comes to mind when we hear word “park” is a spot with trees and branches. Park is one of the most “visitable” places in every city. It is usually a place for family picnic, meeting with friend, jogging, walking and many other things. In addition, it is a place for many sport activities. Do you like when you walking along a path and a “crazy” skateboarder runs beside you, moreover, when he/she nearly pushes you. That is a common situation for wood parks in Arizona. Thus, the questions emerges: what parks are better for Arizona, wood parks or concrete skate parks? This question is important indeed. Especially, if to take into consideration such facts as the popularity of extreme sports, the obesity statistics and injures that people get from extreme sport. Thus, the importance of skate parks in Arizona is great. Building such parks in the state, may prevent the number of injuries caused by extreme sport activities, prevent the growth of obesity and promote sport activities among young people. Both, skate parks and wood parks give you a possibility to spend your leisure time in the way you like, either doing sport or walking and relaxing. “Leisure influences your life journey in a number of ways and, ultimately, your quality of life. Leisure affects health in three ways: prevention, coping, and transcendence” (Human Kinetics). No matter to which park one will go, he/she expecting to have some rest, communicate with people and get some positive energy. Both places provide such opportunity. In addition, there are quite many wood parks and skate parks in Arizona and one can choose which will be better for him/her. The problem lies in the fact that concrete skate parks are better than wood parks for Arizona nowadays. Thus, apart from similarities which these types of parks can share, there are certain advantages of skate parks that should be mentioned. One can say that concrete skate park is another place where one can injure himself/herself. However, these parks were created to reduce the number of such injures because in difference of urban streets of the city and wood parks where there are a lot of small children and old people, the skate park is a specially provide
Risks in health care vary significantly. They can include issues that relate to patient safety (e.g., medical errors), insurance details, federal regulations and their applications, changes in policies and specifics of using new ones, etc. As risk management in hospital facilities and clinics can focus on a great number of different issues, only a set of those will be addressed in this paper. Contracts with providers Hospital facilities work with providers either by employing them or contracting with them. In both cases, it is essential for a risk manager to understand the degree of control that the facility has over the providers, as its liability directly relates to the providers. If the risk manager is unable to identify how the signed contracts will impact the facility’s operations, it can result in lawsuits and other negative outcomes for the facility. Implied warranties of Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code As Herzig et al. point out, specific attention should be paid to software contracts in healthcare settings (167). If not disclaimed differently, the implied warranty of title and the implied warranty of non-infringement apply to software products. The risk, however, is that the vendor might try to disclaim these warranties once an infringement claim is brought. Therefore, it is important for the risk manager to assess how possible it will be to have “both the warranty and the infringement indemnity” (Herzig et al. 167). Contract review in healthcare facilities New regulations and legislation, as well as performance evaluations, can raise questions about the necessity of contract continuation. When reviewing a contract, a risk manager needs to ensure that correct legal names are utilized in the contract, performance measures are set correctly, insurance requirements are specified in detail, confidentiality issues are addressed, the contractor is required to be trained and licensed to provide the specified services, and termination provisions are specified in detail. Without these basic components, the changes in the contract or their termination might become problematic in the future and pose an additional risk (including losses) to the facility. Limitations of liability Limitations of liability in healthcare are specific because the liability for death and bodily injury cannot be limited; the same applies to confidentiality breaches. Such state of affairs results in a high number of lawsuits filed against healthcare facilities. Nevertheless, it is important for a risk manager to remember that malpractice claims are valid when patients can prove that the physician was unable to comply with the professional standards, that the breach of duty caused the damage, that the patient has an injury due to this damage, and that a physician-patient relationship existed duri
Introduction There is an alarming increase in the cases of overweight and obesity across the ages in the United States. My research studies focused on the obesity among the youths of the Clark County, Vancouver, WA, which has recorded high prevalence rates of obesity and become a great challenge to the public health. The purpose of this research study is to tackle this challenge through careful investigation of obesity in order to propose effective strategies that would combat and reverse the high incidence rate of obesity among the youths. Due to the difficulties experienced during the research survey, I did not manage to produce my own statistics, so my findings are based on credible statistics from the experts. Findings According to statistical records of the year 2004-2006, about 10% of the County Clark youths are obese as compared to the 2010 goal of 5% by Health People. The obesity among students shows that male students have obesity level 14% while female students have obesity level of 6%. On the other hand, students whose mothers have education level above high school showed a lower obese level of 8% while students whose mothers have education level below high school showed a higher obese level of 12%. The percentage of youths who are obese or at risk of obesity is about 25% and this again depends on the gender and socioeconomic factors of students. The major factors contributing to the rise in obesity cases are; inadequate dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, high intake of the refined food and soft drinks and inadequate physical exercises. Obesity among youths is not only a health issue but also a social issue. Since obese youths are prone to develop other diseases like diabetes type II, heart disease and hypertension and by extension affect their school performances, obesity requires immediate attention. To address the problem of obesity and its associated consequences among the youths of the Clark County, there are several recommendations. In terms of nutrition, schools should provide nutritious meals to the students and restrict the access of refined food and soft drinks by the students. The youths should be advised to increase their dietary intakes of the fresh vegetables and fruits and on how to choose nutritious foodstuffs by reading on the labels. The schools also need to provide physical education and diversify the physical activities that students can access within and outside the school. The current interventions to control obesity are very limited in that the students at their school are not provided nutritious meals and since the parents have realized this, the students are given extra money to supplement their diets. Moreover, there are not restrictions to the access of foodstuffs students buy, thus the students have free access to the refined food and the soft drinks, which greatly contribute to their obesity. Overall, the youths of Clark County consume more of refined food and soft drink