ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Mobil allowed the individual business units to create their own Balanced Scorecards, including the measures and targets. that would be used to determine the managers’ compensation. Additionally, the individual managers could assign weights to the various measures to determine how much each would contribute toward the calculation of the manager’s bonus. What are the advantages and possible problems with this method? The Balanced Scorecard is a tool utilized in corporations for the purpose of compensating workers in a way that is beneficial for both the management and the workforce. The Balanced Scorecard technique aids assessment of corporation performance in terms of monetary and nonmonetary aspects. Connecting compensation to the Balanced Scorecard is useful because it acts as an equitable way of evaluating performance of companies by utilizing similar standards. The connection between company profitability and the amount of reward motivates employees to improve their performance. Realization of company’s goals is possible with the implementation of Balanced Scorecard and compensation. Usually, achievement of the goals and objectives of the company depends on the productivity of workers. Utilization of the Balanced Scorecard motivates workers to improve their performance and in turn achieve rewards. The linkage between the Balanced Scorecard and compensation operates well within the organization which possesses established quality programs, for example, the Mobil Corporation has implemented quality programs facilitating the efficient integration of Balanced Scorecard. Assimilation of the Balanced Scorecard and compensation employs tactics and visions in which the company has to define its goals and objectives. People create their own unique methodologies to achieve the set goals. Utilization of Balanced Scorecard enables managers to improve performance in sections that act as bottle necks. The use of performance factor based on the complexity of the target is significant to employees. This is because it separates difficult tasks from those which are easy to achieve. This does not only motivate employees but also helps in the achievement of corporate goals. Disadvantages of linking the Balanced Scorecard with compensation are evident because the implementation becomes complex due to the time factor. The process of implementation is time consuming; maintaining the linkage between the Balanced Scorecard and compensation for a long period is difficult. The use of scorecards with compensation can allow the wrong use and definition of measures. Poor definition of measures can lead to unfair rewarding because performance attained by workers may be insensible. There is a difference in compensation between a normal employee and a senior executive. Even when the employ
Building Shared Services  1. The advantages of creating a single customer service center include the financial and regulatory benefits along with the risk mitigation. A unified center will allow RR Communications to save the costs which are required for maintaining the individual audit in each divisional IT service center. Additional costs can be economized by removing the responsibility for storing the data from the divisional level. Data consolidation and common security architecture will result in reducing the risks of data breaches. RR Communications will be able to ensure best practices through placing the information within a common framework and handling the regulatory issues. A unified customer center will allow the company to enhance its operations and customers’ satisfaction through answering their questions in a unified call center instead of transferring them to various divisions.  2. The first part of the implementation strategy is changing the presidents’ attitude towards the merger of divisions. For example, explaining the advantages of creating a single customer service center can help affect their views. The second step is laying out the role of each division in the process. The awareness of all divisions that each of them has a stake in the customer service is crucial for the success of the merger. It is also important to emphasize the customers’ benefits from a unified call center. After completing the training exercises intended to change the company’s culture, RR Communications can proceed to the inventory of hardware and software which should be conducted in every separate division.  3. It is impossible to achieve an enterprise vision with a decentralized IT function. First of all, if the IT functi
Introduction In the first section of the reading provided, various matters determine the human good. According to the book, one can be happy depending on the decisions made and actions taken regarding the choice made about an issue. For example, if one builds a house, they will feel happy, and if they also feel healthy, the aspect of good is also revealed. In other words, the writer is trying to help the reader navigate that the human good can be achieved under everything as long as the subject is affiliated with the person behind it. Human beings choose some of the factors to define their happiness and aspect of goodness (Aristotle 8). Most people choose general instruments of life such as wealth, flutes, and many others. Assessment of Important Issues, Themes, and Concerns of the Readings Complete good is determined by self-sufficiency, which means a person will live according to the estimated limit when dealing with matters. The aspect of human good can be extended from one party to another, such as from parents to their children or friends to friends (Aristotle 8). According to the inner picture portrayed by the book, it seems human beings are structured in political, social, and economic settings that come in different formulas for achieving the common good. Happiness can be an agreeable subject, measured by what people feel concerning the completeness of human anatomy and general ways of living. Some elements such as the interdependence that people have with the environment can be associated with human good. Therefore, what is spoken or conveyed during sensitive societal settings defines the completeness of human beings (Aristotle 9). For example, if one is educated and has the roots of success, it means that the people who have been backing the person may benefit from the same, hence building the goodness more. The sketch of good can be drawn by showing what one has and what one lacks. The degree to which people seem to be satisfied by normal happenings such as rainfall, weather changes, and relationships with others can be a measure of good (Aristotle 9). A carpenter example is given to show the extent of discipline they have when it comes to measurements. In this matter, people have to do what appears more logical even if it may not be what they wish. These factors will be a limit to human beings, and they show the restrictions that are important in life. Some questions may arise from this context, and the reader may be baffled by the issues discussed in the book. First, how possible is it for human beings to be good to everyone if every aspect of the common good is self-centered? Second, can all people be the same in terms of traits that make them happy? And if they must be happy and do human good, what about the deficits left more so the environment such as plants, pets, and world animals? Thus, interrogating such issues in one’s mind may help one understand the account of human good and life persp
Introduction Interaction between galaxies is a common situation in the universe. The majority of galaxies have collided with other galaxies from the very moment of their occurrence. This process is very important as it leads to the evolution of the galaxies. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the hypothetical collision of the Milky Way with another large spiral galaxy. It is necessary to assess how this event might affect life on Earth. Another interesting question is how the night sky will look in the process of such a collision. Analysis One might think that the collision between two galaxies will lead to the numerous collisions between stars in them. In fact, the possibility of such an outcome is almost zero. The galaxies are too spacious, and their stars are located at a too-long distance from one another to collide. In ideal circumstances, two galaxies consisting only of stars can pass through one another without much impact on the stars in them. Nevertheless, in the real world galaxies do change due to the collision. Gas and dust move to interact with other objects in the galaxies. The shock waves occurring during the collision can lead to the formation of new stars. If the Milky Way Galaxy collides with another spiral galaxy, they might merge into one elliptical galaxy (Peterson 72). Unfortunately, people cannot trace the evolution of the colliding galaxies because this process lasts for millions of years. The only possible solution is to search and observe many colliding galaxies at different points of their interaction. Interestingly enough, many dwarf galaxies merge with the Milky Way on a regular basis. Scientists find the traces of such merges using X-ray analysis. The interaction between galaxies leaves a hot cloud of gas that exists long enough to identify its source (Bohorquez 34). The collision of the Milky Way and another spiral galaxy will lead to prominent changes in the morphologies of both galaxies. The shock waves will force some stars out of galaxies and destroy a few others. As it is already mentioned, the spiral structures will change to one elliptical galaxy. The fate of the Earth in the hypothetical collision is vague. The interaction between galaxies can last for millions of years. It is more likely that the changing intrinsic brightness of the Sun will affect life on Earth. In four billions of years, the temperature
Financial markets refer to established mechanisms that facilitate the trading of financial securities. Financial securities include bonds, shares, and debentures common stocks among others. Financial markets are classified into different sub-types each performing specific functions (Keown, Martin, Petty, & Scott, 2005). Examples are foreign exchange markets, stock markets, bond markets etc. Financial markets aid in distribution of economy’s wealth through exchange services that take place in them. The different investors are able to invest their funds through shares, bonds and other financial securities thus financial markets play a key role in economic growth and development. Financial markets provide an avenue through which borrowers find lenders interact in exchange for various services. Financial market like stock exchange allows one to sell or buy shares at will as long as the legal requirements are met. An economy would not operate without financial markets since exchange of goods and services and movement of other financial services would be impossible. Distinction between Money and Capital Markets Money markets are subsidiaries of financial markets that facilitate the trading of financial instruments that are highly liquid and short-term. It is used as an avenue for short-term borrowing and lending. Usually the securities used are less than a year. On the other hand, capital markets are subsidiaries of financial markets that facilitate the trading of long-term securities. They consist of bond and stock markets. The securities involved in capital markets are those with longer periods of more than one year (Keown, Martin, Petty, & Scott, 2005). Major benefits enjoyed by Corporations and investors due to existence of Organized Security Exchanges Security exchanges facilitate the selling and buying of shares between the investors and corporations. One major source of finance for corporations is through the sale of shares. The shares are listed in exchange markets regulated by relevant authorities to ensure their smooth running and guarantee investor confidence. Organized security exchanges guarantee returns and therefore investors are more than willing to devote their funds without any fear. In addition, corporations are able to raise their required capital through the issuance of shares since increased investor confidence lead to increased demand for shares (Keown, Martin, Petty, & Scott, 2005). Calculation of Break-even point in units of output Break-even in sales refers to a point where the total costs of production equals the total revenue of a firm. Several calculations are involved in break-even analysis. Calculation of break-even in units: = Fixed expenses ÷ contribution margin Operating profit = 25 % of $ 20 million, = 5 million, Contribution = 15 million Operating asset turn over = 5 times, therefore, Variable costs =15÷ 5 = $ 3 million, Fixed costs = 15-3= $12, Break-even point in units = 12÷ 3, = 4 million units. To determine the break-even in units, the fo
Introduction An individual has important rights and responsibilities toward other persons. From a societal standpoint, there should be mutual responsibilities that should be exhibited by all persons so that they could live in harmony. The state has the duty of ensuring that all persons enjoy their constitutional rights. The right of punishing people has enjoyed the state, which acts based on the adopted rules that define the powers and the extent to which they may be applied. With regard to jurisprudence, rules that are based on criminal law cannot be implemented if there is no good legal system. In fact, it is argued that “this application ensures the procedural rules, and if the criminal law was made for offenders then the code of criminal procedure is made for the honorable people with all its guarantees” (p. 3). Domestic, constitutional, administrative, and foreign levels adopt a significant number of legal rules. For example, “treaties and conventions are adopted to offer guarantees of freedom against state authorities when it requires applying them for punishment” (p. 4). In every legal society, scholars argue that guarantees are adopted for individuals, but the presumption of innocence is the most important right. In this context, the judiciary could be reformed in two ways. First, personnel has to identify crimes and how they are based on the law. Second, the judiciary needs to assume that suspects are innocent until such a time when they are proved otherwise. The scope of the presumption of innocence can be explained using legal presumptions, which “help to get rid of the burden of proof exempting its owner from it” (p. 6). The nature and history of the presumption of innocence It is worth noting that legal presumptions can be either simple or conclusive. When attempting to understand the history of the presumption of innocence, it is important to note that the Pharaohs were the first persons to adopt the basic principles for punishing those who committed crimes. Over the years, the principle of the presumption of innocence has occupied a crucial position with regard to international and national conventions. In fact, a significant number of international legal systems quote the principle as the basis for a trial, which is essential in protecting persons from exposure to unlawful punishment. Although the principle of the presumption of innocence is adopted by both national and international systems, it would be critical to acknowledge that “modern society governs the supremacy of the law, but it does not just mean simply complying with its provisions” (p. 10). With regard to the Tunisian legal system, it is evident that it is not different from legal systems that are implemented in the developed countries or other Arab countries. In fact, this can be viewed in the context of increasing threats of terrorism. Notably, “the fight against terrorism can be described through the enactment of restraining and shar
Strength and welfare of a society depend largely on the extent to which government and social institutions care for their most vulnerable members. Under certain circumstances, people with a learning disability, particularly those who experience severe complications are considered the most vulnerable focus group of the British society. There is convincing evidence that people with disabilities are less likely to receive sufficient support and care regardless the Disability Discrimination Act and other legislatures that have been established in the country. The highlighted problems reveal serious pitfalls in delivering equal treatment, sustaining a high quality of care practice, and problems with funding plans that have specifically been worked out for disabled children and adults. In addition to these problems, society experiences such problems as income inequality and poverty contributing to extremely low standards of living. As a result, failure to adhere to legislative act supporting the quality standards of public health cases, as well as inability of the government to cope with the societal problems provides a strong framework for discussion. The emergent problems need to be addressed from the perspective of treating the most vulnerable members of society, as well as define to what extent the unemployment rates and low-income rates influence the accomplishment of social polices in Britain. Development of Social Policy and Welfare in Contemporary Britain In the context of the above-highlighted problems, the public care and social policies in Britain are under the primary focus. Evidence shows that many hospitals lack sufficient care and training programs that would make health care available for regardless of social status and physical abilities. However, the contemporary situation fails to meet the established goals due to the insufficient funding, and lack of consistent action plan, and absence of specialized orientation for treating old people, as well as adults with learning disabilities. Despite the establishment of many social programs, such as Valuing People, much concern with social welfare in the country remains. According to the Valuing People program, health care professionals, as well as public officer, should follow three main principles. First, they should assist the most vulnerable members of society in leading an independent life. Second, they should respect people’s rights, regardless of their social position and income. Finally, they should provide people with choice in terms of the type of care they need to get (The Secretary of State for Health by Command of Her Majesty, 2001). For certain reasons, some of the hospitals, particularly the establishment located in Cornwall failed to provide sufficient care and treatment to people with learning disabilities (Healthcare Commission, 2006). The investigation has also revealed the case of maltreatment and abuse practiced by poorly trained professionals. Such a situation has been caused by serious pitfalls in human resource management on t
Quantitative research refers to exploring and measuring phenomena through numerical data. An example of quantitative research is surveying; through this research method, researchers measure how many respondents in a sample answer predesigned questions in one way or another. However, it is not always possible to survey all the people in a group of interest (such as the employees of a certain company or the population of a certain country), which is why proper sampling techniques are needed to ensure that the results of a quantitative study are generalizable (i.e. can apply to the entire group of interest) and replicable (i.e. can be repeated under different circumstances). Qualitative research, on the other hand, explores words as opposed to numbers. In qualitative studies, researchers intend to analyze meanings and perceptions present in certain groups instead of counting their responses. An example of qualitative research is in-depth interviewing: participants are asked to answer a set of questions in an open-ended manner, and the responses are further analyzed for content aspects and underlying themes. Measuring the reliability and validity of qualitative studies’ results is challenging because measuring is not the preoccupation of such studies in general, but certain reliability can be achieved through justifying qualitative methods in terms of theoretical frameworks. Whether quantitative or qualitative design should be chosen for a study depends on the purpose of research. If a researcher intends to examine statistical trends or some other countable phenomena, quantitative methods should be employed. If it the intention to explore narratives, perceptions, interpretations, and opinions, qualitative methods should be employed. In both types of research, however, there is the need to justify the relevance of chosen methods to ensure that the results are valid and reliable.
Change management in organizations is an important part of their operations. External and internal environments affecting the realization of organizational value continue to change, and organizations must adapt themselves to these changes or perish. At Blue Cloud, a small software company, the change was necessary to improve productivity and satisfy customer expectations. Effective change management at the enterprise, geared towards the development of a customer-centric work ethic that also recognized employee productivity and innovativeness, was required. The CEO of the company opted to implement a new program called Agile to change the way staff members at Blue Cloud dealt with productivity challenges. Thesis Although the program had useful bits of desired productivity improvements, it was ill-conceived and its implementation process failed to capture and address salient requirements of change management. Purpose of paper The purpose of this document is to investigate the effectiveness of change management process at Blue Cloud regarding the implementation of Agile as a productivity framework and culture in the organization. Demonstration of the three phases of planned change theory applied at Blue Cloud The three phases of planned change theory are unfreezing, moving, and refreezing (Spector, 2012, p. 30). The first step involves the creation of an environment for staff members to feel dissatisfied with the status quo. It also involves benchmarking of operations with other companies and diagnosing internal barriers to improve performance. In the Blue Cloud’s case, the phase was represented by the move by Skinner, the CEO at Blue Cloud, to recognize the elements that were not working on Blue Cloud’s software development process. The CEO was dissatisfied with the existing processes of project management. The second phase is about moving organizational roles and responsibilities, as well as relationships (Karma, 2015). In Blue Cloud, after understanding the agile program, the CEO influenced production teams to copy it in the Blue Cloud context. Rather than work in the traditional way, all the employees dealing with software development would form small teams that reviewed work processes and progress. They also tackled, identified, and assigned micro projects on a daily basis. The last phase is refreezing, and it is about aligning pay/reward systems and re-engineering measurement and control systems. At Blue Cloud, the measure of progress in software development was through yearly work and beta testing results. After change implementation, progress would be measured by monthly releases and the effectiveness of Scrum approaches to daily challenges (Spector, 2012, p. 48). At the same time, the case study showed that the CEO collected feedback from engineers after a year of implementing the changes (Spector, 2012, p. 49). Besides, new organizational structures were formed in the third phase. There were self-organized teams that worked on projects on a daily basis, parallel to overall project plans and schedules. Thus, the organization developed a semi-autonomous project management structure that facilitated ra