ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This treatise looks at various aspects of a strategic plan for a four star hotel. First, it compares several marketing niche planning strategies using the competing values framework. Secondly, it discusses key factors that will be critical in the hotel’s performance in short and long term to best ensures it supports the strategic goals. Third it proposes an audience strategy use when preparing to reorganize facilities and financials. Finally, recommendations for technology tools that can be used in the planning are discussed. In planning strategy, culture defines all aspects of a business, both internal and external relationships. First, the management should consider having intranet for the new hotel. This is a secured internal or private network of an organization that connects all computers to ingress that access the internet. An intranet is restricted to an organization and its associates (customers, employees, members and suppliers among others) and is protected from unauthorized access with security systems and firewalls. Such security encryption put a stop to abuses of the system like social networking, inapt use of web, among others. As a result, the costs of operation will be minimised (Slack, Chambers, Johnston, & Betts, 2005). The first dimension places the values of “flexibility, discretion, and dynamism at one end of the scale while stability, order, and control on the other. This indicates that some organizations values adaptation, change and organic processes while others are effective in emphasizing stable, predictable and mechanistic processes” (Tharp, 2009). The second dimension looks at “internal orientation, integration and unity on one side while external orientation, differentiation and rivalry on the other end” (Tharp, 2009). This implies that the hotel should focus on their internal processes for success while others perform well by focusing on market and competition. The diagram below summarizes the two dimension of completing values framework. The internal and external reporting channels are then cascaded down to the rest of the structures. The two structures differ in the sense that there is an indication of unity, integration and internal orientation in line with the SWOT results (Cheverton, 2004). The hotel should put out most of the documents such as policies, procedure manuals and new rules through the intranet Web pages. This saves the company costs relating to printing, maintaining and circulating such documents. Also, intranet makes it easy for communication across the organization. Secondly, the management should consider using internet tools such as VoIP and Groupware. These technology tools would provide a good avenue for interaction of the staff members and ease of in
In the modern days, the developed countries faced the challenges of the high rate of adolescent pregnancy rate. The highest rates were recorded for the USA; thus, the efficacy and safety of contraception amongst adolescent girls became an important and pertinent problem. The article written by Cromer A. et al. (2004) is devoted to this issue of modern adolescent medicine. It’s aimed to compare the bone mineral density in the adolescent girls receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DPMA) and oral contraceptives (OC) containing both estradiol and levonorgestrel versus those receiving no hormonal treatment. This prospective cohort study has a 2b level of evidence (CEBM, 2001). This level of evidence for therapy, etiology, prevention, or harm is characterized with the following parameters: “Individual cohort study (including low-quality RCT; e.g., <80% follow-up)”. However, other classifications of evidence also could be used. By the GRADE system, which is in use by Cochrane collaboration currently (Greenhalgh T., 2006), the level of evidence is M (moderate quality). It corresponds to grade B by SORT system (ibid.). But it seems that it is the highest possible level for such studies because it was conducted on the sample of girls who self-selected type of hormonal contraception, and it is impossible to apply randomization for assessing clinical effects of these contraceptives. Also, randomized clinical trials (RCT) are used with the limitations in the studies related to the harm investigation (Greenhalgh T., 2006). The title of the article clearly reflects the content of the article. She short abstract does not mislead to the content of the study and includes the purpose of the research, describes study design and methodology clearly. All findings of the study are presented in the abstract, and they are corresponding to the main text. Twenty-nine references are cited in the background section of the article. All these articles were published recently – the oldest source (Katzman DK et al. in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism) was issued in 1991. All cited facts were taken from the primary source and related to the research problem. The literature analysis contains a critical appraisal of cited references. Thus the authors focused the attention of the reader on such disadvantages of the cited literature like the small size of samples, absence of evidence of low dose estriol pills on the bone density. The si
Summary of the Video The video, “Agile Program Management Best Practices”, is a presentation by Pete Behrens on critical dependency as a determinant of effective program management in an organization. Behrens evaluates the specific variables of communication, focus, and transparency within an organizational setting. The presenter also examines how the structure of an organization might allow or prevent these variables from emerging. Behrens defines program management as a procedure of managing a series of related product portfolios or projects. This means that effective agile program management is related to the process involved at the organizational level in implementing the project. The impact of the organization is instrumental in effective scale agility, especially in large and complex programs. Therefore, Behrens suggests that there is a need to balance the aspects of communication, focus, and transparency. The variable of communication should integrate the stakeholder contribution while transparency encompasses the ability to remain open. Lastly, the variable of focus balances the present and future expectations of a program through systematic and streamlined planning. Unlike small organizations, agility management in large organizations requires a changed focus since several entities are involved. For instance, it is significant to balance the aspects of quality assurance, infrastructure, usability, and DBA for different levels of program management. Moreover, the communication breakdown is complex due to the high number of stakeholders and processes involved. As a result, the element of transparency is opaque. According to Behrens, organizational problems in agile program management are associated with a lack of focus, little transparency, and lost communication. These challenges lead to low quality, increment in unknown risks, excessive dependencies, and a lack of predictability. In line with Conway’s law, the systems designed by an organization are associated with the existing communication structures. Behrens proposes that the key to building effective design solutions lies in organizational flexibility. This state can be realized through the application of the agile context in terms of lean, agile, scrum, and XP interfaces. The concept of scrum is essential since problem solution at a team level is better than individual level. Moreover, the teamwork approach to problem-solving is controlled by multiple information sources guided by experience and best practices. As a result, the multiple scrum teams would improve the focus and generate work products through dedication, co-location, and cross-functional interaction. The variable of transparency guarantees the realization of the product and release cycle through merging team sprints and lengths. For instance, Behrens notes that shared sprint review might balance the variations in team lengths. Behrens concludes that an effective agility program management sho
Introduction Enchanted is an American movie that was produced in 2007. The movie is written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima. The plot of the movie focuses on Giselle, a Disney Princess, who moves from her animation world of Andalasia, though by force, to the real world to the city of New York. The movie stars Hollywood actors and actresses Amy Adams, James Mardsen and Susan Sarandon. After its release, the movie received a lot of praise from critics, and according to a survey carried out by the Rotten Tomatoes; the film garnered an overall 92% approval rating that was based on reviews by 156 critics (Rotten). Another website the Metacritic gave the movie a rating of 75%, (Metactitic). The Rotten Tomatoes voted the movie as the 9 th best reviewed movie released in 2007 and crowned it as the best family movie of the year (Rotten). Other critics were not impressed by the movie and according to the TIMES, the movie “cannibalizes Walt’s vault for jokes” and “fails to find a happy ending that doesn’t feel two-dimensional” (Times). The Guardian also unforgiving and according to journalist Peter Bradshaw, the movie “assumes a beady-eyed and deeply humorless sentimentality.” He continues to say that the only good performance in the movie was that of Adams, he says, “only decent thing in this overhyped family movie covered in a cellophane shrink-wrap of corporate Disney plastic-ness” (Bradshaw). This paper will look at the plot of the movie, cast, themes and finally make recommendations. Plot The protagonist, Giselle, (played by Amy Adams), lives in an animated world called Andalasia. In this fairy tale world she can speak to animals, break into song and dance at will, and generally lives a “happily ever after” life. She is designated to be married to Prince Edward, played by James Marsden, after he saves her from a troll. Prince Edward’s stepmother, Queen Narissa, played by Susan Sarandon, is an evil person and does not want Prince Edward marrying because she would lose her throne once Edward is married to Giselle. Queen Narissa schemes to get rid of Giselle and throws her into a portal. The portal transports Giselle into a world that has no “happy ever afters”, which we later learn is the city of New York (Stewart). After travelling through the portal Giselle emerges at Times Square. Her first experiences in the real world are marked by misadventures, for instance, an accident, she gets in a moving crowd finding herself on the subway, and her tiara is stolen in Bowery by a homeless man. After these misadventures, Giselle meets Robert Philip, played by Patrick Dempsey, who is a tough divorce lawyer although he is friendly to her. After the meeting, Philip’s daughter, Morgan, played by Rachel Covey, argues her father to let Giselle stay with them, which he reluctantly agree. At the Philip’s apartment, Giselle follows the ways of the fairy tale world, Andalasia, and recruits animals to help clean the apartment as she made a dress out of c
Introduction Community health issues affect entire populations and require increased attention from medical specialists. The effect of such large problems on people can lead to many adverse outcomes and change the health of generations. For example, one of the top healthcare issues in the Bronx, NY, is asthma. The rate of people, especially children, with asthma in this area is among the highest ones in the city (DiNapoli, 2014). Multiple factors cause this healthcare issue, and systematic change is needed to improve the current situation. Some of the problems in other communities differ from the discussed one. However, asthma is a disorder that has an impact on all regions of the country. Possible interventions for treating asthma in children include learning opportunities for families and patients affected by asthma, the recognition of a connection between the onset of the condition and environmental and socioeconomic factors, and timely preventive and ongoing treatment. Main body The issue of asthma in New York and the Bronx, in particular, is connected to multiple factors. According to Abraham et al. (2015), the quality of air in the city and the changing temperature and environment directly correspond to the rising rates of people with asthma exacerbations. The high concentration of pollutants in some regions of the city can also be linked to asthma diagnoses – chemicals used in manufacturing, fumes, and smoke are considered to be among the risk factors for asthma (DiNapoli, 2014). Rohr et al. (2014) investigated the health of children in South Bronx and East Harlem, NY, and found that the city had increased concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and carbon, as well as various metal sulfates. These pollutants come from industrial production, causing the atmosphere to affect children’s respiratory system. The effect of the altered air contents is substantial – the Bronx is among the regions with the highest and most consist
Introduction Many people associate economic globalization with the controversial issue of free trade. In some cases, economic globalization is associated with free trade and liberalization, improvements in economic conditions of less developed countries, and enormous opportunities for multinational (MNEs) and transnational corporations (TNCs). Thus, many critics and economists oppose economic globalization citing the alleged benefits of globalization. In the book Globalization and its Discontents , Joseph E. Stiglitz proposes a unique approach and vision of globalization, its problems, and opportunities for the modern world. The book consists of 9 chapters devoted to different economic and business problems of globalization and its relations with other spheres of modern life. Central argument The central argument of the book is that globalization has many weaknesses and threats for a modern world that economists and politicians are neglect. Stiglitz states that the process of globalization started with advances in transportation technology in the second half of the nineteenth century which resulted in the colonization of countries outside Europe and America (Ohmae, p. 66). The capitalist world under the leadership of the United States of America moved for trade liberalization and this agenda was accelerated by developments in information technology and communications. The dominant system for world governance in the first wave of globalization was the colonial domination of the world by European powers. In the second wave of globalization, various international agencies were established to loosely oversee the liberalized world economic order. The important international agencies which were established to oversee the global system were the International Monetary Fund or the IMF and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT. The GATT was later transformed into the World Trade Organization or the WTO, which is made up of 28 intergovernmental agreements by which member states agree to limit their sovereign right to intervene in international trade. It was hoped that with such agencies, it will be possible to facilitate international trade and manage the international economic system. The WTO today has 144 member states and an additional 30 which are awaiting accession. The benefits that have been provided by the WTO agreements include the liberalization of international trade, the rule of law, a procedure for the settlement of disputes, cutting of tariffs by the industrialized world, and the elimination of the most favored nation status amongst others. These measures have considerably enhanced the volume of international trade with nearly 25% of the global output being traded. Despite the criticism levied against it, the WTO has been suc
Introduction The industrial revolution of the 18th-19th century saw the transition from agricultural to industrial economies in the majority of western countries. It was characterized by the replacement of manual labor with machine labor, which significantly improved the uniformity, quantity, and quality of production (Brown and Cook 1976). Simultaneously, the period after the urban-industrial revolution is known for the rapid growth of cities and the gradual decline of farming communities, which were transformed into large private farm-holdings by the emergence of mechanized agriculture. Farmers were forced to migrate into cities and become laborers at the newfound factories. These significant changes in the nature, complexity, and productivity of labor had a profound effect on the quality of life of the average male worker between 1870 and 1920 (Craven 1995). Certain commodities became cheaper and more widespread due to mass production. At the same time, many families were forced to experience a completely unfamiliar environment, as well as a different array of societal, ecological, and economic challenges. Although life in the city exposed male workers to unhealthy and dangerous labor conditions, poverty, and crime, the availability of medicine, quality clothes, items, and opportunities for employment resulted in a higher quality of life when compared to the rural areas, which saw the increase of life expectancy by about 10-20 years between 1870 and 1920. Research Framework In order to see the differences in the quality of life of male workers and peasants (the predominant occupation before the urban-industrial revolution of the 18th-19th century), a certain number of criteria has to be evaluated. The primary criterion indicating changes in the quality of life is the average lifespan, as it combines all the positive and negative aspects of daily life. Numerous historians and statisticians have noted the correlation between the average lifespan and the quality of life. Nevertheless, this criterion only shows the result, not the processes involved. Therefore, the addition of other criteria is necessary, such as:   * Average income;   * Average family size;   * Access to education;   * Access to quality healthcare;   * Exposure to workplace hazards;   * Access to clothes, tools, and other instruments that make life easier (Roser 2014). These criteria will be used to analyze and compare the quality of life of an average male peasant pre-1870 to the average male urban worker post-1870. Average Income Estimating the average income of peasantry prior to the urban-industrial revo
Introduction Science is constantly developing, and new methods of research are being discovered on a daily basis. However, there are still some barbarian approaches used in laboratories that have no right to exist. Many research projects involve the use of animals as experimental material. Although the results of such a laboratory may bring answers to many questions in medicine, genetics, and other vital spheres, it is frequently a case that the treatment of such animals is inhumane and cruel. Analysis The first issue to consider is the ethics of experiments based on animals. No one obtains the creatures’ consent to become the objects of research. Also, they are deprived of freedom and are subjected to pain and suffering (“Cruelty to Animals). When putting experiments on animals, scientists may go further than depriving them of freedom. Frequently, researchers may develop a disease in an animal to try a method of curing it (“Cruelty to Animals”). Another drastic fact about laboratory work is the issue of such animals’ end of life. In his article, Cressey examines the ways of getting rid of laboratory animals (130). The very existence of a variety of such methods sounds abominable. Cressey does mention that there is a need for finding “humane” methods for killing lab animals (130). However, the information presented in his study presupposes that too many animals are killed, and this fact is highly unethical. The second major argument against using animals in research is that such studies tend to lead to financial losses because they are frequently ineffective. Scholars confess that the rate of positive findings of animal-based experiments is not as high as expected. Therefore, such studies cannot be considered as the most advantageous approach to finding ways of dealing with medical issues. Another proof of this argument is that there are not enough systematic reviews on animal-based studies, which leads to the unnecessary repetition of some experiments (Van Luijk et al. 256). According to Van Luijk et al., systematic reviews could prevent scientists from performing similar studies and thus eliminate the unnecessary pain and harm caused to animals (256). Without resolving the issue of wasted resources, animal-based experiments cannot be regarded as a useful contribution to research. Probably the only positive thing about using animals in labs is that such experiments may bring benefits for people who suffer from incurable diseases. Due to a number of similarities between human and animal organisms, it is a common belief that the treatment approaches checked on animals will be useful for people. However, research indicates that this opinion is not completely true. Pound and Bracken remark that animal-based experiments have many limitations (g3387). Firstly, such research does not have the appropriate level of quality. Secondly, the validity of these experiments is not sufficient (Pound and Bracken g3387). Thus, it is not possible to justify animal-based research by its merit for humans. Conclusion Taking into consideration these arguments, it should be for
Introduction Over its many centuries of existence, Islam has had many philosophers and thinkers who have contributed to the development of Islamic religious thought. Some of these scholars have put forward reformist ideas that were meant to meet the current time needs of Muslims. One of the renowned thinkers and champion of Islamic reform is Muhammad Rashid Rida. His religious and political thoughts and ideas made him stand out as the most influential Islamic scholar of his time. Rida was concerned about the weakness of Islamic societies compared to the Western colonial masters. According to him, Islam needed to take advantage of modernization in order to become strong. Rida highlighted his reformist ideas in his journal and disseminated reformist ideas across Muslim lands. This paper will provide a descriptive analysis of Muhammad Rashid Rida with focus on his contribution to religious thought and his most important works and ideas. Early Life Rashid Rida was born in 1865 in a small village near Tripoli to a family reputed for its religious knowledge. Soage documents that Rida’s family claimed to be descended from the Prophet Muhammad and his father acted as a local imam (1). During his childhood, Rida received a traditional education at the local kuttab (Islamic school). When he was older, he moved on to Tripoli where he continued in his training under the renowned scholar Sheik Husayn al-Jisr (Soage 1). In Tripoli, Rida attended the National Islamic School where he benefited from a modernized form of schooling that combined an Islamic religious education with modern studies, especially of mathematics, science, and French (Sirriyeh 184). Following the completion of his training in, Rida returned to his local village where he used his knowledge to serve his community and started preaching at the mosque. In addition to this Rida often frequented parlors where men gathered to talk about religion and he established himself as a persuasive scholar. One of Rida’s old teachers commented that Rida had solid arguments that his enemies would find hard to rebut (Sirriyeh 188). A turning point in Rida’s life occurred in 1884 when he happened to accidentally disc