ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The rapid development of Internet technologies and the emergence of social media structures affect the marketing methods and strategies greatly. Nowadays, consumers are engaged in communication with other consumers: they exchange opinions and information freely. The user-generated content is regarded as the critical element affecting the decisions for purchasing items and goods (Mir and Rehman 637). The posts and customer reviews create the risk factors for the marketing strategies efficiency, and thus it is clear that marketing managers need to refine and adjust their decisions based on the current influences coming from the multiple Internet sources such as YouTube. Nowadays, YouTube is one of the most famous and prominent Internet sources with user-generated content. The large amounts of information are dissimilated on the web site every day, and the video content impacts people’s opinions and attitudes (Bachrach 16). Many producers choose to generate content through the Internet source as well. On YouTube, the producers’ content videos target a vast number of different people; therefore, the organizations have the opportunity to attract new clients and consumers. However, the widespread dissemination of information creates the risks of the widespread negative assessment by the users. According to recent research, when the producers promote only positive aspects of their services and goods to increase their commercial abilities, the consumers prone to be skeptical and critical about it (Cheong and Morrison 41). Moreover, in the Internet realm, the customers’ motivation is commonly driven by the ratings and reviews of other purchasers, and even one negative rating can ruin organizational reputation if it is not managed correctly. In the Internet network environment, the individuals are affected or even persuaded by common opinions and tend to share it with others. The ratings can be regarded as the dominant force influencing marketing success or failure while the video content itself has a lesser impact on the majority of users. “Brand information on social media becomes more credible when multiple users express the same opinions about it in the form of comments, tags, etc.” (Mir and Rehman 640). Credibility provokes the further creation of the brands’ positive image. The potential clients’ decisions are affected both by the quality and quantity of uploaded videos related to the product. Therefore, the managers need to elaborate on the marketing strategies that would be focused on the rational yet positive video content promotion to increase brands’ popularity and provoke the users’ perception of the credibility and usefulness of the product. Works Cited Bachrach, Judy. “The ‘Low–Tech’ Election Year: Viral Videos Shape a New Politics”, Science & Spirit , (2008): 16-17. Print. Cheong, Hyuk Jun, and Morrison, Margaret. “Consu
Introduction In the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries the U. S. government opened many schools for Indians or Native American children in order to introduce Euro-American standards (Harley, 1994). This paper seeks to reflect on the events that led to the establishment of the schools, what life was at these schools and their effects on Indian populations, this is in regard to the larger context of the Native American Experience and propose mechanisms of dealing with the effects. Establishment of Indian boarding schools Indian boarding schools were primarily established in order to kill the Indian culture and ensure that they adopt a Euro-American culture that was completely alien to them. There are several other reasons why the Indian boarding school was established, such as weakening families by taking their children away (Smith, 2010). Indian boarding schools were first established by Christian missionaries, who had the sole intention to provide education for the native people, “The Carlisle Indian Industrial School established by a US Army officer Richard Henry Pratt” was the first school to adopt total assimilation of the Indian culture (Smith, 2010, p. 34). The school was built in 1879 at a military facility and its curriculum was based on what was taught in prison. The school was established following Pratt’s successful teaching “experiments” on young Indian prisoners (Smith, 2010, p. 35). Schools were widely used as a way of “civilizing” Indians mainly by the church (Monaghan, 2005, p. 56). The rationalizations of the “manifest destiny” and the doctrine of “discovery” were widely used as an excuse by the European settlers to commit atrocities on the Native Americans (Pease, 1986). The Christian belief of manifest destiny was used as a prelude in the expansion and colonization of the Americas (Harley, 1994). Basing on this belief, the missionaries felt obliged to spread the gospel to the natives, who, after being softened through Christian ideals, would be colonized by the European settlers. Seemingly, the initial boarding schools established by missionaries were not only meant to impart civilization but also serve as means of achieving the divine mission of spreading the gospel. The doctrine of “discovery” was a major source of friction and some of its aspects are still present in the current United States property rights (Smith, 2010, p. 45). This doctrine was used to validate the claim that Europeans discovered empty land in the America’s.The Native Americans had a communal land ownership system. The Europeans had embraced individual land ownership practices. Boarding schools were therefore used to change the Native American’s cultureand the communal land practices by extension. The boarding school experience Life in the Indian boarding schools was tough, several victims told about the horrifying experience they went through at the boarding schools. Bill, who belongs to the Pattwin Indian group, remembers that he was sent to the boarding school while aged only six years (Harley, 1994). He remembers a sad experience which filled an everyday life of the boarding school. He remembers being bathed in Kerosene b
Introduction Fundamental rights such as the right to food, the right to life and the right to security among others have been protected very significantly in the Bill of Rights. The extent to which this takes place in America depends on the government of the day. This paper examines the extent to which the Bill of Rights has influenced the way of life of the people of America in line with the Constitution. Additionally, the Patriot Act has been discussed briefly by bringing out the goodness and the challenges of the enactment. In line with the above, some suggestions on the way forward to combating the challenges mentioned have been brought out in the conclusion. It is crucial to note that America has been faced with challenges of criminal justice, racism and hate crimes among others. These have affected America’s development but it is through a painful process that the Constitution has been developed over the years to counter these problems. It is through issues of socio-political, cultural and economic aspects that the American government has worked to put the best interest of its people at the forefront. Supreme Court The judicial power of the United States is vested in one Supreme Court and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time establish some laws. The power of the federal courts extends to civil actions, damages, redresses, and to criminal cases arising under federal law (Glick 94). The best thing that rests upon the American Constitution is the fact that no state is allowed to formulate and pass laws that may infringe on the rights of the citizens. Criminal Justice I believe that America has the best constitution in the world. The justice system has been given power to operate independently from the influence of the government of the day and this has been clearly brought out by (Glick 93) in that the Supreme Court makes independent decisions regarding crimes that have been committed. In another way, the federal courts have also operated in efficient ways to ensure that Justice is attained both to the parties of a case. Racism and Hate Crimes This has been among the biggest challenge to development in America. People have always been faced with these challenges in their homes and places of work. As (Rosich, 21) states, there is strong and compelling evidence that racial discrimination does exist at various points in the criminal justice system. A substantial body of empirical research demonstrates that, African Americans, and in
Several studies have been carried to investigate the way mass media portrays individuals based on their gender. Many results have shown that more males are shown on television as compared to females. In addition, males are always shown to be in wide-ranging superior occupations as compared to their female counterparts, who are continuously portrayed to be comfortable doing domestic work or other traditional female jobs (Catania, 1998). Many people, especially children often imitate what they see on TV. It’s believed that the gender portrayal done by TV and other forms of mass media can have a great influence on gender perception. It’s therefore important to understand how the mass media influences gender perception. Results of this kind of study can be used by policy makers to guide the mass media on how to carry out gender sensitive programming. Research process A qualitative research methodology is required to carry out this kind of study. Such ethnographic studies have been employed to conduct studies in the social arena for a long time. The qualitative approach to be employed utilizes specific procedures outlined below: Observational procedures which include the data gathering procedures that are used by ethnographic researchers. These mainly comprise participant surveys, observation and interviews. Research strategies that will be employed in this case will rely on the fact this research broadly focuses on all the events that are taking place in regard to the media and gender perception. The research can thus be conducted in descriptive but flexible in the sense that there is a possibility of new questions can be introduced at any stage if the need to “change focus or explore new avenues arises” (Cheng, 1999, p. 34). The data collected should be subjected to inductive analysis by using constant comparative methodologies. Data collected using certain methods such as interviews may not be grouped. It’s up to the researcher to “generate the categories he/she considers to be appropriate for the study” (Church, 2000, p. 56). Study on the influences of media on gender may be categorized under the constructivist position which takes into account the different views that are given by different people on a similar event. Subordinate questions What methods should be used to gather data on individual reactions to media representations of gender? Choosing a method of data collection typically forms an important step in the research process. Several different methods are regularly used to collect data in the course of a study. The type of method to be used in a given study depends on different factors such as: the population of study, whereby different population ty
Introduction In the contemporary society majority of consumers usually turn to internet for various shopping needs. Such process is referred to as online shopping. This concept contributes towards opening of e-business opportunities within international market, enabling consumers to access and purchase wide range of goods and services from any location. The process is made possible since search engines and delivery services are efficiently available (Keegan and Green, 2002). However, such decisions are most of the time influenced by level of trust consumers have on particular online brands. Analysis of Online Trust Brand Several barriers are associated with online shopping some of which include security of search engines, privacy as well as level of trust. Online trend has brought complete changes within businesses based on various distribution channels utilized. According to Keegan and Green (2002), international marketing involves processes where companies define goals and objectives based on extensive investments on resources within various market segments. In such cases, companies focus on effective marketing strategies capable of utilizing current technological wave brought by internet. The process is of great benefit to consumers based on costs, since they no longer need to scramble for parking spaces at shopping malls (Ha, 2004). Research has been done on online brand trust based on consumer interests within textile products market. Online transactions can only be complete in the event that there is existing trust between customers and company’s brand. This makes online brand trust to be very important concept since it assists in creation of favourable attitude towards suppliers (Goodwin, 1996). At the same time, it helps in prolonging exchange relationships and increases competitiveness hence making trustworthy brands gain competitive advantage. The process is much related to online trust which presents important business models in business-to-business transactions. Moreover, many challenges are encountered in the process of establishing and maintaining online trust. This makes majority of companies to be cautious when dealing with online clients. In a similar case online consumers feel reluctant to trade online since they do not trust most web providers with their personal information. This presents online brands with responsibility of establishing some level of trust with customers for the purposes of transacting businesses (Xiling, 2005). Factors influencing online Brand Trust Factors influencing online brand trust are shown in the above diagram. Brand trust is used to refer to the kind of trust consumer attaches to specific brands. This assists in establishment of long-term relationship based on benefits and qualities obtained through delivery processes. Additionally, brand trust enables easier development of consumer’s commitment towards such online products as variety of shoes and clothing offered by Zappos Company. In the same line, Zappos.com brand extensions provide consumers with variety of o
Porter’s Five forces Analysis Harley Davidson’s goal for perfect competition relies on Porter’s five forces framework such as market rivalry whereby a business organization competes favorably in the global market arena as part of maintaining a well established competitive edge. The company’s market share and industrial concentration are favorably stable. This is due to its diverse product differentiation and the ability to raise and lower commodity prices without incurring losses. Although it is faced with threats of product substitute that emanates from other market players, Harley Davidson overcomes the challenge of accessory substitutes by making frequent replacements. On the same note, the global market is threatened by incumbent firms that tend to increase barrier to entry of new and smaller firms. However, Harley Davidson uses the barrier strategically through price reduction in order to gain competitive advantage. PESTEL analyses for Harley Davidson Company Political factors Managers at the Harley Davidson Company are faced with diverse macro-environment challenges that impact the decisions they make. Some of the macro changes that effect its operations include the changes in government policy, demographic changes, trade barriers, new laws and tax changes. One key macro-environment factor affecting its operations is the political factor. Additionally, there are myriad of political decisions that impact the operations of Harley Davidson in vital business areas such as health and education of the workforce as well as quality of economic infrastructure like roads. Economic factors The economic factors include exchange and inflation rates, economic growth, taxation changes and interest rates. These economic factors impact the behavior of the firm in such areas as deterring investments since it makes the cost of borrowing to increase and exporting of its products becomes difficult due to a strong currency which raises the price of commodities. In addition, due to the current inflation problem, Harley Davidson faces the problem of raised operational costs and demands from employees who need higher wages. Social factors Socially, one of the factors impacting Harley Davidson’s operations includes massive changes in social trends. This has been found to impact the willingness and availability of its employees to work as well as the demand for its products. The impact of social factors is witnessed among the aging population who are part of its staff and require pension payments. This increases the cost of payments and hiring of new staff. Besides, it has to deal with the impact of the aged on demand. As usual, the aged do not frequently demand motorcycles what makes the demand among this age group to be lower. Technological factors Harley Davidson is making use of new technologies to innovate new pro
Introduction Porsche Automobile Holding SE is a German company that holds most of its investments in automobile industry. Ferdinand Porsche founded the company in 1931 by the name of “Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche GmbH” 1 . It is headquartered in Zuffenhausen, Stuttgart, in Germany 2 . The company from its inception in 1931 was owned by Dr. Ing h.c. F. Porsche AG. In 2007, it became a holding company with 50.1 percent stake in Porsche Zwischenholding GnbH 3 . In 2009, Porsche Ag became a joint venture between Volkswagen AG and Porsche SE. the present ownership model is presented in the figure below (see Figure 1). Figure 1: Holding Structure of Porsche4 Porsche belongs to the automobile sector. More specifically, it concentrates in the luxury automobile industry. The global automobile industry has been undergoing recession in 2010-11. However, in 2012 the industry has experienced increase in demand that varied with regions. The demand of automobile in Europe and China has been weakening and is expected to reduce even in 2013 5 . Further, with rising fuel prices and depleting natural gas resources, there has been increasing pressure on automobile companies for making fuel-efficient vehicles. The automobile industry faced an auto sales growth of 4.4 percent in 2012 and is expected to decline to 2.9 percent in 2013 6 . In such a sluggishly growing market, Porsche ahs a niche position in the luxury automobile market. Presently Porsche makes cars in four distinct categories. First are the consumer models that are directly targeted for sale. The second type is the racing cars, and the third are the prototype or concept cars and the fourth are tractors. Porsche also makes hybrid cars and engines for aircrafts. According to the company website, Porsche makes the following models of cars – 911, Boxter/Caman, Cayenne, and Panamera 7 . In the following report, we will further discuss the business and growth of Porsche. We will study the business growth and try to capture financial overview of the company. The in the end the paper will try to gather information regarding the demand for products sold by Porsche. Business Growth The company has been undergoing tremendous growth. Though the sales figures for early years are not available, the sales figures of Porsche cars since 1987 are available and are presented below. Figure 2: Growth statistics of Porsche 8                                                                                  Growth (%) Year  Revenue (in € million)  Pre-tax profit (in € million)  Production  Sales   Revenue     Pre-tax Profit  Production  Sales 2002  4,857                   829                            55,050      54,234                                                2003  5,583                   933                            73,284      66,
How does the firm act on its commitment to the corporate citizenship philosophy? Corporate citizenship philosophy as declared by a firm are the set of ethical guidelines and principles that a firm works by to ensure it carries its ethical responsibilities to stakeholders over and above the requirements as stipulated by the law. A firm’s primary concern, is to work in a manner that is most beneficial to its stakeholders, whether they are primary or secondary stakeholders. A firm takes several steps to ensure that it keeps its commitments to its corporate citizenship philosophy. Of course, a firm must first have such a philosophy that will entail all the tenets that the firm hopes to achieve. Then the firm ensures that the way it operates is in line with these tenets, and actions taken are directed towards their fulfillment. The achievement of corporate philosophy occurs at different levels; at the employee, managers and directors’ level. At the employee level, the firm ensures that workers are aware of the ethical philosophy in place by putting it down in writing and actively encouraging employees to live by it. This might involve recognizing employees who are exemplary of the company’s corporate philosophy, and having some form of retribution for those who continually go against the philosophy. Managers are expected to lead by example, and thus are expected to embody the firm’s ethical philosophy. Director’s, who are charged with the responsibility of making decisions that might compromise the firm’s corporate philosophy, have the moral responsibility of making sure that their choices are in line with the firm’s corporate philosophy. Corporate philosophy is important to the company’s identity, more so in this day and age where a firm’s reputability is determined by more than its profitability. A firm’s brand is very much affected by the quality of its moral fiber, and it is imperative that this be safeguarded. Does it measure the extent to which it follows through by implementing initiatives? It is of no use if a firm has a corporate philosophy that only looks good on paper but is not practiced; neither is it helpful if the philosophy has the appearance of being practiced without it being effectual. For the corporate philosophy to be considered effectual, then th