ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the twenty first century the use of technology became a part of daily life. The teachers are using it to their advantage to transfer knowledge to students. The down side is that there are also some disadvantages. One of the disadvantages faced by teachers is the possibility of students to use the online resources without any control. The unauthorized use of online resources, plagiarism and numerous sources will greatly increase the student’s chances to use it to their advantage, without relying on their own intelligence. Also a student may discuss the topics given with other students, as well as other people. This would make the work less individual and the views expressed and information used will be representative of a collective of people instead of that particular student. To combat this problem teachers can use an open book policy, which will give students the resources to find the information and focus their work and attention on analyzing the knowledge presented, through expression of their own opinion and logical contemplation of the topic itself. Another disadvantage for both teachers and students is the technology itself. Sometimes there are problems with downloading, loading and the speeds of the connection or the work of the computer. And this fact itself can become a disadvantage to the teachers, since a student can say that their computer has broken down or the internet connection has failed. But the advantages of technology greatly outweigh the disadvantages. One of such examples is the fact that teachers have the ability to research and analyze online sources and information before giving out the assignments. They could pool this knowledge into one database, cooperate with other teachers to collect the data and then examine the work of the students with the acquired material. As there is an extremely great amount of
History of Apple Inc. The modern business environment could be characterized by an increased level of rivalry. The fact is that the tendency towards the sophistication of society along with globalization created the background for the blistering rise of a business. It is now considered one of the ways to become successful and respected by other members of society. At the same time, giant corporations could be considered important actors that impact the global policy and distribution of funds globally. In this regard, the functioning of any beneficial company presents severe difficulties as many factors should be considered and numerous rivals that also try to conquer markets and become successful. In this regard, the acquisition of a certain competitive advantage and creation of an efficient management model becomes a prior task to CEOs. Its importance could be demonstrated by investigating Apple as an example of a powerful modern company that manages to preserve leading positions due to its competitive advantage. ​Industry and Competitors Apple Inc. is the US global company that is focused on manufacturing digital devices and software characterized by the innovative character, unique quality, and unusual approaches that precondition the further evolution of the market. It was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 with the idea to create their personal computers (Rawlinson, 2017). The company became extremely successful and in 1977 computers manufactured by Apple contributed to its outstanding financial stability. However, the high price for its devices had been a limiting factor for a long period. In 1997 Steve Jobs became a companys CEO and rebuilt Apples status (Rawlinson, 2017). Retail stores were opened. This step helped to reorganize the company and create the basis for its further evolution. Finally, the company created the first iPhone which became a crucial event in its evolution (Rawlinson, 2017). Nowadays, it is mainly associated with this product, as well as an iPad, and an iPod. Technology and how utilized At the moment, Apple Inc. is one of the leading companies in the high-tech industry. According to the latest investigations, it is one of the most fast-growing and profitable industries that could guarantee multibillion incomes (“Apple Inc,” n.d.). The fact is that technologies and devices are used in all spheres of human activity. Moreover, to increase the efficiency of various processes attempts to replace outdated devices with new ones are performed. That is why companies that produce this sort of goods could expect a stable and high level of income as their products will always be needed. At the moment, Apple has numerous competitors that also realize the above-mentioned facts and try to conquer the market. These are Samsung that has a traditionally powerful position in the high-tech industry; Dell that produces powerful laptops; Amazon that also
Colombian Exchange The Colombian exchange named after the pioneer Christopher Columbus occurred in the late 14 th century. It involved the exchange of various goods and services between the European and the American community and also the rest of the world. The exchange had both positive and negative impact on the communities that were involved. This paper discusses the effects of trade to Europe and India. Colombian Exchange Significance To European Community Colombian exchange had a positive impact on the European community. Through the Colombian exchange, the European community benefited in many ways. The major benefit was an economic benefit as goods for trade increased. Nunn and Qian (2010) were quoted claiming that “discoveries of new supplies of metal are perhaps the best known. But the Old world also gained new staple crops such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, maize, and cassava.” [1] It is highly claimed that the exchange could have contributed to the origin of capitalism in Europe. The exchange opened doors for increased trade in Europe whereby many traders acquired lots of riches, and in turn, they were able to invest more in businesses in Europe. [2] To Indian Community The Colombian exchange was both advantageous and disadvantageous to the Indian community. The negative impact included the spread of diseases to the Indians. A report by Boyer (2009) is quoted claiming that “from the first years of contact with the Europeans, terrible epidemics decimated Indian communities. In the West Indies, the native population vanished within a half-century, and the disease opened the mainland for conquest as well.” [3] As the exchange introduced diseases to the Indians the population decreased and this could have made it simpler for the European community to conquer them and make them their colonies. The reduction in the number of the Indians communities can be argued to have enhanced their colonization. The exchange had a social impact on the Indian community due to the mixing and interaction of people from different parts of the world. During the Columbus exchange intermarriage happened to bring about racial mixing. Boyer (2010) reported that “from 1500 to 1600 about 300,000 Spaniards immigrated to the new world, 90 percent of them male. A racially mixed population developed particularly in towns, Spaniards fathered numerous children with Africans or Indian mothers.” [4] The exchange also had an impact on the population of Europe. A report by Soman (2008) best explained how the Europeans found opportunities in the Indian lands: The more profound effect was felt in Europe as suddenly new lands were made available for those adventurers and those seeking fortunes to venture out into. This led to more room for population growth in Europe and new lands being made available for the young European aristocrats to seek their fortunes abroad. [5] Urbanization in Europe is believed to have been an impact of the Columbus exchange. The populations are said to have significantly increased in town due to the attraction of the trade which took
Introduction This essay focuses on human resource management at JetBlue Airline as a startup company. It explores employment opportunity laws that may affect the company, recruitment method, selection process, appraisal, compensation, and discretionary (voluntary) benefits at JetBlue. Three national equal employment opportunity laws that impact JetBlue’s hiring practices Ann Rhoades must observe national equal employment opportunity laws in its hiring processes in order to protect the company against legal issues and attract best employees. First, Equal Pay Act prohibits discrimination on employees’ compensation. Moreover, the Act prohibits unequal pay that arises from sex discrimination. JetBlue must recognize that equal pay relates to all types of employee compensation, including bonuses, allowances, incentives, benefits, and overtime among others. Second, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) ensures that employers adhere to Civil Rights Act and Fair Employment Act in hiring processes. On this note, JetBlue would not discriminate potential employees on any other grounds other than individual qualifications. Prohibited discrimination covers cases based on color, race, sex, religious practices, sexual orientation, national origin, marital status, arrest record, memberships and affiliations, and unfair testing among others. Finally, the company must also consider the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The FLSA aims to protect employees’ rights on a minimum wage and maximum working hours. The Act strived to introduce fair pay for fair work for all men and women in employment. In addition, it also protects workers against working in poor conditions by ensuring general well-being, welfare, providing minimum conditions for living, health, and eliminating the use of substandard labor (Equal Employment Laws, n.d). In addition, the company should also comply with other national laws like Rehabilitation Act, Immigration Reform and Control Act, and American with Disabilities Act. Compliance with these laws would ensure that the company maintains the law and conducts transparent hiring processes with integrity. Hence, JetBlue would be able to protect itself and potential employees. Recruitment efforts Internal recruitment method that JetBlue uses Ann Rhoades can utilize internal recruitment method to get new staff for the growing JetBlue operations. Filling these positions internally at JetBlue would motivate employees to stay and grow with the company because of its rapid expansion (Mathis and Jackson, 2011). This would reduce employee attrition, attract, and retain the best talent in the airline industry. While several methods of internal recruitment exist, the HR department uses job posting. Job posting and bidding entail the provision of current job openings in the company and employees respond to specific openings. The method allows employees to know cur
Section 1: Research The term ‘Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE)’ refers to a code of evidence law that is used to govern the admissibility of facts provided by parties to legal cases in the US Federal Court System. They are applicable to prove the parties’ evidence in both criminal and civil cases. Article VII 2 of FRE (rule 702) is relevant to testimony by expert witnesses. It argues that an individual witness with qualifications based on expert knowledge, experience, training, skills, and education may testify by providing expert opinion (Faigman, 2002). The Frye standard is a test used to determine whether scientific evidence is admissible in a court of law in the US. It originates from the case Frye v. the US, 293 F. 1013 (D. C Cir. 1923), in which the admissibility of a polygraph test as legal evidence was discussed (Rice & Delker, 2000). Justices that dissented in the Daubert case were Justice Rehnquist and Hon. Justice Stevens A fact is something that has already occurred (it is the real case). A question of fact needs answers in form of evidence or inferences from the evidence. On the other hand, a law is a rule that has already been set and is generally accepted. A question of law needs a statute, policy, or precedent. Personal knowledge comprises such aspects as ‘what a person knows’ through the application of the five human senses. Hearsay is a fact or a testimony based on information obtained from secondary sources such as reading or word of mouth. An opinion is a form of personal knowledge that is rationally grounded on facts. Expert testimony refers to a testimony where an individual with personal knowledge relevant to the topic at hand gives the argument to a legal question. Lay testimony is the testimony given by an individual without personal knowledge, training, or skill relevant to the topic at hand. An expert witness requires specialized skills such as scientific and technical expertise. The rule of the test is to determine whether the expertise will produce evidence to help the court understand the issue at hand or make decisions. In computer and digital technology, the expert witness must have foundation knowledge and skills in computer forensics, including BIOS, Linux, Mac OS, and Windows. Section 2: Summary of Daubert case Facts: The plaintiffs were Daubert and two other minors with defects in their limbs. It was alleged that during pregnancy, their mothers had used drugs from Merrel Dow Inc. According to their experts, the drugs had an impact on causing bone deformities, as suggested by studies with laboratory animals. However, most scientific studies and literature failed to agree with this argument. Issue: The legal issue was to determine whether the scientific testimony presented by the plaintiff’s experts is admissible. Rule: The court held that the plaintiff’s expert testimony on the drug effects on animals and humans was n
Introduction One of the controversial issues confronting America today is the issue of illegal immigrants. Conservative politicians and citizens are engulfed by fear that the current immigration situation has become uncontrollable and may present multifarious problems for natural-born Americans, business owners, and law enforcement agencies in the future. They have highlighted the continuous influx of illegal workers including the social problems accompanying the accumulation of undocumented individuals in the United States. The weight of the problem is clearly illustrated in immigration data in the past years. According to these sources, there is a heightened trend in the flow of people coming into the country. Approximately 400,000 to 500,000 persons are being smuggled into the country each year. Accordingly, crimes and other social issues crop up when tackling this pattern. Due to the above concerns, the current administration has been pushing for reforms or amendments to the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986. The objective of the leaders in the Democratic and Republican leaders in Congress is to make a clear solution of turning illegal immigration into legal immigration. They are aiming to arrive at a compromise wherein the needs of local companies and business entities are provided while protecting the security, identity, economy, and other interests of the United States as a nation. One side contends that the current laws governing immigration are not only flawed but also poorly implemented thus resulting in a clamor to a total overhaul of existing immigration regulations while the other side argues that what is needed is better enforcement of existing. This paper aims to provide the two sides of the issue and the arguments that are being forwarded in their defense. The first side is tow
Introduction The report analyses the processes of developing a web application. It covers different aspects of a web application, including the interface, survival guide, frequently asked questions and problem/change modules. The interface modules provide the web application’s actual functionality. The survival guide module is a support aspect with instruction to enable users navigate through the application in case of difficulties and these include the user, IT technician, and service desk agent’s guides. The frequently asked questions section provides answers to common questions from users designed to save current users time and minimise the number of queries sent to the user support desk. Users, technicians and service agents use the problem or change module to manage problems in the application. The module enables the end user to view current status or initiate new developments. For the service desk officer, the problem module facilitates the process notifying developing incidents to the IT technicians for the necessary support. Finally, the IT technician relies on the change module to make necessary changes and solve the problem. The process in the change module is achieved through four main steps where the user logs the problem, the service desk assigns the problem, and the technician updates and closes the problem. The Home Page The home page important foe the web application, as it supports the user, service desk and IT technician to login to the page. The support is possible with the three entities having unique usernames and passwords for logging in. The home page covers the major aspects identified above based on the type of user. Modules on the home page include the survival guide, FAQ, support system and the track process. The system interface diagrams The diagrams below indicate items contained in the end user, service desk agent and technician’s screens. d End User Interface Chart. Service desk agent Interface Chart. Technician Interface Chart. Login The login item provides field for the username and password to offer accessibility of the three users to the application. The login item is programmed to authenticate the login information entered. Open Case The open case item enables users to log new incidents to the application using the incident field to fill the problem description. Submit Case The submit Case item enables submission of a problem or change to the service desk agent and the technician for further investigation and action. Generate Case ID The case ID is the problem identification generated automatically every time an incident develops. The problem ID is important in facilitating the tacking process by users and referencing in
Introduction Human beings have rights and privileges they enjoy as a result of the constitutional provisions. The law requires that no one should take away these rights from them. Throughout history, a few people have been using loopholes in the law to mistreat people though controversial studies. The paper would discuss the violated historical and ethical principles. The Ethical Principles Violated During the Historical Research The Tuskegee Syphilis Study denied the citizens the information of knowing that they were an experiment. Therefore, they willingly participated in an experiment that would hurt them unknowingly. The researchers also discriminated the people based on their race (Cole & McGee, 2006). The wrongfully acknowledged study should have involved people across all races. Even after the experiment, the treatment for Syphilis was widely available ( Research Ethics Timeline (1932-Present) , n.d.). The people in most of the research did not have a choice. It is the reason researchers abused their rights. The prisoners in the German concentration camps did not have freedom of choice. They had to accept their fate as prisoners. The people in the experiments did not have the right to beneficence. The researchers did not show mercy and compassion to the subjects. They just got an advance directive from the investigators and no moment to question the authorities (Cole & McGee, 2006). The researchers did not show nonmaleficence. They did not demonstrate that they wanted to avoid harm or hurt to the people they used as experiments. For instance, it is the US government that sponsored secret research on the effects of radiation on human beings. They even carried out the experiment on cancer patients, pregnant women, and military personnel without giving them prior information ( Research Ethics Timeline (1932-Present) , n.d.). The people suffered from the lack of justice. There was to be an equal and fair distribution of drugs based on analysis of benefits and burdens. It is clear that the people infected with viral drugs do not get the medications that are available for their treatment. The Implications of the Iron Ridge and Summerville Study There is extensive pollution in Iron Ridge. It is a health hazard that may cause the rise in illnesses. The factories are causing air pollution. As a result of air pollution, people may suffer from brain-related problems such as cognitive decline and neuropathy. The environment is also dirty with trucks dumping solid waste in the vicinity ( Tuskegee Study and Health Benefit Program – CDC – NCHHSTP , n.d.). The wastes are hazardous to people’s health. The lack of sufficient distribution of resources causes people to become jobless. Idleness causes them to remain in the streets and hence start engaging in crimes. Poverty in Iron Ridge has risen to the unmanageable state. The state of homeless
In his novel The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald pays much attention to the behavior and attitudes of women. In particular, the author describes them as subordinate figures whose choices are not fully independent. It is possible to look at such characters as Daisy Buchanan, Jordan Baker, and Myrtle Wilson. Overall, their choices are driven by the desire to belong to the world of elite. Moreover, men can use and manipulate them by showing that they can bring them into this world. Overall, the author introduces these characters in order to describe the experiences of women during the Roaring Twenties. To some degree, this issue is explored in the film adaptation of this novel. These are the main questions that should be discussed more closely. First, one can describe the behavior of Daisy Buchanan. This female character wants to shows that sh
Introduction Afghanistan has a long history of military conflicts, that had left its economy, infrastructure, and healthcare system far behind when compared to many other countries in the world. For the past 50 years, the country has seen the fall of several governments to religious fundamentalists, the Soviet invasion, and the intervention by Western powers. The country exists in a state of guerrilla war between foreign anti-terrorist forces and various mujahedeen formations located in the mountains of Afghanistan, which contributes to the already difficult healthcare situation in the country. The people frequently suffer from various healthcare hazards, ranging from diseases to a lack of heat, medicine, and clean water. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate eight healthcare determinants for the population in Afghanistan, including age, gender, socioeconomic status, environment, education, access to healthcare, the burden of disease, and the economy. Main Healthcare Determinants in Afghanistan There are eight main healthcare determinants, which are universally used to assess the state of the civilian population in regards to healthcare. These determinants are often interconnected, with one or several factors influencing one another, typically in a negative way. For example, age and gender have a direct impact on education and socioeconomic status. The majority of Afghanistan is governed by Sharia law, which severely restricts women and girls in terms of both labor and education. Socioeconomic status, in the condition of scarcity, is directly affecting access to healthcare. The ability to give birth puts women in greater danger associated with maternity. Geography and proximity to relief centers also have a direct effect on all eight determinants of healthcare. In the following paragraphs, we will analyze each of these determinants separately and identify how they affect the healthcare situation in Afghanistan. Age Age is one of the large healthcare determinants, which affects a multitude of parameters. Diseases