ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This video illustrates some of the techniques which were used by Carl Rogers. First of all, it is possible to speak about empathy. This concept can be described as the ability to place oneself in the position of another person (Vincent, 2005, p. 16). Moreover, this term can also be defined as insight into the feelings and emotions of an individual. Carl Rogers argued that this technique had been critical for establishing relations between the therapist and a patient (Vincent, 2005, p. 16). At the very beginning of the session, the counselor makes a conjecture about the feelings that make the patient so uncomfortable. In particular, the counselor says that she may be struggling with loneliness and worthlessness. To a great extent, this problem can be explained by the fact that she could not establish long-term relations with her boyfriends. Overall, this technique enabled the therapist to gain the trust of the patient since she became more willing to discuss her experiences. This is one of the aspects that should be identified. Furthermore, it is possible to mention unconditional positive regard which can be defined as the acceptance of a patient’s qualities and inner world, regardless of what he/she can say (Freeth, 2007, p. 135). In other words, this technique implies that a counselor should not set terms and conditions for people who require their assistance. This approach enables the patient to feel more confident. To some degree, this technique is exemplified in this video. For example, the counselor lays stress on the ideas that the patient’s problems can be explained by the fact that she was often forced to meet the conditions set by other people. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about her former boyfriends and her parents. The therapist prompts the person to believe that during this session, she is not pressured by anyone. Overall, this conversation indicates that unconditional positive regard can make a person feel less restrained. This is why this method is widely adopted by many practitioners. Apart from that, much attention should be paid to congruence. Overall, this technique implies that a patient should find a match between one’s thoughts, feelings, and outward behavior (Sommers-Flanagan, 2013, p. 136). Additionally, Carl Rogers believed that a patient should make real and conceived selves consistent with one another (Sommers-Flanagan, 2013, p. 136). This step is vital for understanding the underlying causes of emotional problems. This video illustrates the application of this method. In particular, the therapist says that the patient should be more aware of her true self. This awareness can help her resolve some of the main tensions that she struggles with. This approach is useful because in many cases, people do not fully recognize their desires or feelings. To a great extent, the patient accepted the idea of congruence as the basis for her well-being. So, in this case, the strategy chosen by the therapist proved to be successful. On the whole, this video is very
Introducing a character into a story is not easy, even if it is actually leading the whole story. Mostly because the descriptions of the characters’ appearance tear the fabric of the story down, they are typically provided at the very start of the story and often look rather out-of-place. However, there would be no rule without an exception, which Eileen Chang’s short stories have proven successfully. By showing the changes in her characters’ facial expressions throughout the entire novel, Chang manages to display a complex palette of emotions, which the leading characters experience, therefore, making it clear that a specific facial expression can have millions of shades of meaning, as well as that a shadow passing across one’s face can tell much more about the given person than an entire tirade. One of the most striking things about the fleeting emotions of the characters and the way in which Chang manages to capture these emotions is in how many contexts a simple smile is used. It serves to express curiosity, tiredness, reluctance, etc.; in fact, one might be surprised how few times the smile is actually used to show that the character is genuinely happy. For example, Eldest Mistress Tai-chen smiles to invite Feng-hsiao for a walk – i.e., the smile is used as a way to express concern. After arriving later than expected, Ts’ao Ch’i-ch’iao smiles to show how sorry she is for the delay: “She smiled, showing her small teeth” (Chang). Yun-tse, who smiles in response to Ch’i-Ch’iao’s attempt to take her by the pigtail: “Yun-tse turned aside to protect her pigtail, saying with a smile: ‘I can’t even lose a few hairs without your permission?’” (Chang), which shows that the change in Yun-tse’s expression was used to display slight disobedience and a polite refusal. Ch’i-ch’iao then smiles in attempt to hide the emotion that overwhelm her at the sight of how protective of her Second Brother Chi-tse is, which is a striking contrast to the previously mentioned situation when Ch’i-ch’iao smiled. Thus, in addition, to the portrayal of a fleeting emotion, the description of Ch’i-ch’iao’s fleeting emotions shows how diverse and complex this character is, since different emotions trigger almost identical reactions in her. In fact, the shift to a smile seems the most frequent emotion change in Eileen Chang’s novel; smile is mentioned as much as sixteen times (Chang). The given phenomenon might owe much to the specifics of the Chinese culture, where politeness is a top priority and, therefore, a variety of emotions may hide under a simple smile. It would be wrong, however, to consider the characters in the novel lifeless puppets who never display their real emotions. Although smile is, indeed, the most frequently mentioned emotion in the novel, the leading characters allow a negative emotion pass over their faces once in a while. For example, one of the characters actually frowns in the novel; much to the readers’ surprise, the frown is not a symbol of thought
Introduction Progressive Era refers to a period of social and political reforms that took place in America between 1890s and 1920s (Henretta & Brody, 596). The period was characterized by major progressive transformation and reforms. During that period, people sought to have a corrupt free society and stable economy hence the reason they sought intervention from the government. Federal government enacted various laws and acts that were meant to address these issues. This paper will focus on federal acts that were enacted to regulate the railroads, manufacturers and financial industry. The paper will also discuss why the laws were enacted. Under federal laws enacted to regulate railroads, the Interstate Commerce Commission will be discussed and a light touch on Interstate Commerce Act. Pure Food and Drugs Act and Meat Inspection Act will be discussed under federal laws enacted to regulate manufacturers. Finally, the paper will discuss the Federal Reserve Act which was enacted to regulate the financial industry. Federal Government Regulation on Railroads, Manufacturers and Financial Industry from Progressive Era to New Deal In 1887, federal congress formed the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) with the main intention of regulating the railroads (Henretta & Brody, 596). Freight rates had become unbearable to farmers and the business people. This regulation regulated the rail roads through determining the rates that were to be charged in both long and short distances. Interstate commerce commission regulated the railroads by allowing formation of cartels between existing rail companies. ICC’s power was interfered with by the Supreme Court when it took away the commissions power to determine the rates. The court went ahead and banned formation of cartels between rail companies since they discouraged healthy competition and instead encouraged exploitation. In 1903, the Elkins Act was enacted with the motive of reducing discrimination between rates charged to the farmers and the big companies over the same distance. Rail companies were required to publish their rates which were to be strictly followed failure to which the company and the shippers would be charged in the court (Henretta & Brody, 596 – 601). In 1906, the Hepburn Act was enacted and it strengthened the ICC through allowing the commission to set maximum rates, standardized accounting practices adopted by all common carriers and shifted the burden of proof from the ICC to the Shipper incase of appeals (Henretta & Brody, 596-600). Interstate Commerce Commission was enacted because the previous act-Interstate Commercial Act –had failed as it was inadequate in its making administration. Interstate commerce act allowed required rail roads to charge just and reasonable rates. The act was faulty in that it could decide on what an unreasonable rate was but it could not prescribe what a reasonable rate was. The act also discouraged any form of discrimination and succeeded through allowing higher charges for shorter distances as opposed to
Introduction Service firms, just like other firms, have realized the importance of client-centered philosophies and are shifting to quality management designs as part of management practices (Gronroos, 1982). This paper highlights the theory of service quality and shows service quality gap models. SERVQUAL methodology is used in MacDonald’s meal services analysis to identify the gap between client expectations and perceptions of the service. The focus is directed on MacDonald fast-food’s meal service. The results obtained reflect the primary gaps relating to what the client’s expect and their perceptions of the meal services offered by MacDonald’s fast-foods. This allows for development a framework, upon which prioritization decisions with respect to the gap areas are made. Quality measurement within the service industry is difficult compared to other areas (Gronroos, 1982). Unlike measurement of quality in products where there are measurable parameters including length, weight, color, and texture, among others, service quality measurement is intangible and mainly involves qualitative specifications (Jacoby & Olson, 1985). Additionally, clients have their own unique way of perceiving services offered, which significantly vary depending on their previous experience, individual needs, and hearsay. Noting this challenge, researchers have developed a methodology for measurement of quality within the service industry, and named it SERVQUAL methodology (Lehtinen & Jarmo, 2002). Service Quality Service quality is a view that has raised significant interest and deliberation in development of quality literature because of the challenges in describing it and measuring it, with no overall compromise emerging on either (Kang, James, & Alexandris, 2002). Various definitions have been proposed to explain what service quality refers to (Kang, James, & Alexandris, 2002). Most frequently, it is defined as the level to which client’s expectations as well as needs are addressed by a service. It can therefore be described as the gap between client’s expectations of a service and the service perception. When expectations exceed performance levels, the services provided is less than being satisfactory and hence clients are likely to get dissatisfied. While many persons would wonder why service quality should be evaluated, the answer is simple, service measurement and evaluation allows for comparisons to be before and after implementation of changes, identification of quality issues, as well as, in establishment of the important service delivery standards. Kang, James, & Alexandris (2002) note that, service delivery should begin with analysis of the service, after which measurement is made. The SERVQUAL model is usually used in evaluation of services and measurement of corresponding quality. This paper evaluates the services offered at Mac Donald’s with respect to meal service provision. SERQU
Introduction A luxury yacht charter in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) offers a good example of a promising web-based business. This report provides a feasible business idea within the holiday industry: a company that will target individuals and families who are planning to go on holiday in Dubai, one of the top tourist destinations in the world. The report is based on extensive market research about using websites and other digital media in the business arena. It includes an analysis of the external environment and industry, customer segmentation and value proposition, business strategy, digital marketing, revenue streams, and website interface design among other topics in an exploration of the possibility of creating a successful yacht charter business in Dubai with the aid of the internet. External Environment and Industry Analysis (PESTEL and 5 Forces Analysis) The UAE holds a strong position among the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Especially attractive to visitors in Dubai, the country’s largest and most populous city (Abu-Rahma & Jaleel 2019). While its baroque architecture helps to give Dubai the ambiance of a sophisticated and luxurious city, most of the tourist attractions in Dubai, like in other parts of the UAE, are artificial. Examples include Burj Khalifa (the tallest building in the world at 828 meters), Burj Al Arab (the fifth tallest hotel in the world), the Dubai Mall (the second-largest mall in the world by land area), the Dubai Museum (the oldest existing building in Dubai) and numerous artificial islands known for posh apartment towers, glitzy hotels and upmarket global restaurants (Zaidan 2016). These artificial islands include The World Islands, the Palm Deira, the Palm Jumeirah, and Palm Jebel Ali. Visitors to Dubai enjoy a wide variety of activities, including shopping, hiking, water cruising, and driving in the desert (Khan et al. 2017). Thus, the prospects for a yacht business in that location are promising as tourists will be able to use yachts to travel from the coast of Dubai to the various artificial islands such as the aforementioned World Islands (also referred to as ‘The World’) located about four kilometers off the Dubai coast. While Dubai appears to present a dream destinat
The development of globalized communities introduces tangible shifts to the marketing and economic systems. Workers all over the world become aware of the new tendencies in exploring the employed environment. They are more independent and goal-oriented in the search for privileged job positions. The shifts in awareness are largely predetermined by changes in ideological and political outlooks on the education and flexibility. Indeed, the rise of the globalization process has triggered technological change, which, in its turn, has affected today’s economy. As a result, the focus on high skilled workers, introduction of advanced technologies and products, and globalized vision of the development of economies identify future development of employment opportunities. Globalization, therefore, has a potent impact on the working environment in terms of employment expansion rates, technological change, and economic goals. Reevaluation of the working landscape is indispensible for employers and policymakers to respond to these revolutionary trends. The necessity of mapping the perspectives of workforce increases as far as external factors are concerned. On the one hand, many employees are ready to meet new opportunities and access new professional challenges to achieve their purposes. On the other hand, many workers largely depend on labor union, government, and large corporations ensuring security and protection. The emerged discrepancy, therefore, leads to reconsideration of priorities that employment expansion establishes at the threshold of the millennium. In this respect, Judi and D’Amico argue, “…more and more individuals now undertake journeys through the labor force, rather than “hitching rides” on the traditional mass transportation provided by unions, large corporations, and government bureaucracies” (233). Hence, for workers, the emerged possibility can become a challenge because not all of them are ready to face the employment expansion. Technological change is considered the main consequence of globalization. It has also transformed significantly the principles and mode of production, as well as has reconstructed the overall working process. On the one hand, the process of automation can replace manual labor and lead to the increase in job positions. On the other hand, the introduction of sophisticated products creates new opportunities for high-skilled and ambitious employees who are ready to advance their knowledge and enter new training programs. To underline the importance of such perspectives, Friedman notes, “there will be plenty of good jobs out there in the flat world for people with the right knowledge, skills, ideas, and self-motivation to seize them” (239). Every American is now free to choose whether they should depend on labor corporations or shape his/her own path of professional development. Technological change, therefore, makes both employers and employees reassess their opportunities, perspectives, and experiences. Aside from new modes of production, techno
The author gives another view of the Christian religion different from that of the historians. He views Jesus Christ as a living person within his church contrary to the perspective that he was a normal human being that was crucified and died some centuries ago. His book gives a clear picture of the New Testament and the gospel in a modern worldview. About the author Luke Timothy Johnson was born in the year 1973, he is a at the professor at Candler school of theology and also works as a senior lecture at Emory University. His disciplines are based on the new testament and Christian origin and study of law and christianity. He has taken part in several lectures on religion in several universities across the world. Luke Timothy is known for his critical view of the Jesus gospel, during his lectures he openly supports the ordination of women into priesthood and religious leadership positions and supports same sex marriages as opposed to the teachings of the bible. Johnston obtained his education in public and parochial school during his early age He has a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy acquired at the Notre Dame Seminary, which was acquired in the year 1966. In 1970 h obtained a masters division in Theology at Saint Meinrad School of Theology. He furthered his education in religion by obtaining masters in religious studies from the University of Indiana and later a PhD in the New Testament from the University of Yale. Luke Timothy is a member of several professional associations and ha published several editions o religion. Examples are The creed: What Christians believe and why it matters, The first and second letters to timothy: A new translation with introduction and commentary, The Real Jesus: The misguided quest for the historical Jesus and the truth of the traditional Gospels. (Johnson. L.T 56) He has also written several editorials and contributed to the writing of the commonwealth and Christian century publications. Before he became a biblical scholar he was a priest and a Benedictine He is married to Joy Randazo and has seven children. Book summary The main theme in this book is to open the readers spectrum on Christianity as a current powerful religion and not only as a historic religion that should be embraced and practiced as a current religion that is still living. Luke Johnson brings into the Christian religion a more professional look at things and events, he categorically examines the conditions that led to certain occurrences in a more realistic manner than in an euphoria approach. His literally work gives one a clear and more reasonable understanding to the new testament and the gospel of Christ. This is illustrated in the tile of the book “Living Jesus: Learning the Heart of the Gospel” The author brings out the criticism to the way Christianity was practiced for instance he questions the stand on ordination of women into priesthood and high pos
Introduction Neuropsychology is an applied science which investigates the relationship between brain and behavior. In particular, it is the study of cognitive effects of neurological illness or brain injury with an aim of inferring normal functioning models of the brain. Current theories of brain functioning describe the brain as a variety of complex, localized and connected systems with a certain degree of redundancy and plasticity. Historically, neuropsychology involved the evaluation of brain damage in adults and primarily dealt with the physical nature of damage to a mature nervous system. Cognitive neuropsychology has made important contributions to cognitive theorizing and has become a part of the mainstream psychology. Other related disciplines assimilated with neuropsychology are cognition, perception and development psychology. Cognitive neuropsychology measures the progress in terms of collecting fascinating individual patient and describing their patterns of dissociation with respect to increasingly detailed box-and-arrow diagrams. Recently, much controversy arose regarding this method on how exactly the boxes and arrows function (Robertson et al. 1993). Cognitive neuropsychology calls for studying the neuropsychological patient together with brain information processing. The research involves behavioural studies with functions and structural neuroimaging of intact subjects and patients. This has shed light on the area of theoretical basis of cognitive neuropsychology as it made researchers to understand how each area of the brain function since each part of the brain is unique. In addition, brain injury was more understood in explicit terms as impairment in the information processing abilities of larger cognitive system (Robertson et al. 1993). The major goals of cognitive neuropsychology are; lesion localization; assessment of deficit; model building and localization of function. Lesion localization Lesion method involves the understanding of what an individual can no longer do and match this with the knowledge of which part of the brain is damaged. This will definitely deduce a functional relationship that was previously undiscovered. In addition, lesion localization helps a person to know whether a talent is handled by a single cognitive process or a multiple of several working together. For instance, if a theory states that walking and sitting are different skills that arise from a single cognitive process, it is not possible for a person, after brain injury, to walk and not sit or to sit and not walk. This kind of scenario suggests that different parts of the brain are specialized for different skills and the cognitive systems are separable (Shallice 1988). Localization of function According to Franz Gall (1900), certain people differences in intelligence and personality could be measured by noting the bumps and indentations of the skull.