ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Marriage has existed as long as the history of humankind can be traced. It is therefore, an important element in the society. Different people uphold the practice of marriage in all cultures of the world. In fact, marriage is an essential element in most cultures that it is considered a significant institution in the society. Different people are married for several reasons, some for economical reasons, some for children, and some are married for companionship. Majority of the people believe that marriage and love go hand-in-hand, but the truth of the matter is that marriage and love are completely incompatible. To understand this issue clearly, it is important to have a discussion that will help distinguish the institution of marriage from love. Marriage is an oath of sexual exclusivity created to facilitate greater intimacy and mutual trust between companions. However, marriage as an institution creates some form of social and economic inequality. The common belief that marriage and love are equal, or that marriage is the union where love is cultivated and flourished is erroneous and far from the truth (CBC News 1). Marriage is a civil institution motivated by economic gain that harbors an environment where love, if anything, is systemically annihilated. Marriage is also an institution that is arranged for economical reasons/ benefits. In fact, it is a form of insurance cover. The only difference between marriage and the actual insurance cover is that marriage is more binding (Goldman 1). It is incompatible for love to flourish under such a destructive environment with nearly half of all marriages ending in separation. Only the most imprudent individuals deny that marriage is nothing but a failed institution. It is hostile to even the most liberal definition of love. Social and economic inequality is not a new phenomenon, but has been part of marriage since its genesis (Adshade and Kaiser 2). Marriage became very popular when agriculture emerged as a form of economic power. During this time women could be sold and traded along with land and material goods (CBC News 1). Marriage remained absent of any notion of love altogether and consisted largely of a polygamous nature where women had little or no say on the subject / husband. During the time when Christianity was rapidly spreading in Europe, marriage emerged as a sacrament. However, it came with more societal and economic restrictions. Social divisions restricted a woman from a lower socio-economic background to marry an individual from a noble family even when the two were in love. During this time, divorce was a luxury that neither of the classes enjoyed (the rich and the poor). So how does “love” in marriage weigh in today’s society with somewhat equal economic and social opportunity amongst the sexes to pursue a better life and complete freedom from separation of church and state? Forty-one pe
My culture has greatly influenced my perception of the world. Parents from early childhood taught me the importance of equality. In my family, respect for other people, regardless of their characteristics, is a traditional value that is passed through the generations. Thus, I was taught to respect different ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds. Life in the USA allowed me to communicate with people of different races and religions. Whenever I met with disrespect or rejection of people on certain grounds, I defended the offended because I respect equality. Cultural humility allows people to look at themselves from the outside, evaluate their cultural biases, understand them, and work through them. Cultural humility makes it possible to understand personal attitudes towards another religion, gender, nationality, or culture (Foronda, 2019). The cultural competence concept is based on the ability of a person to interact with people of other cultures. It refers to attention, respect, and readiness to understand opinions, perceptions, or other aspects different from one’s own. Implicit bias is based on already formed stereotypes, opinions, and other attitudes of a person. This bias triggers an immediate reaction to other members of society based on past experience or established opinions. Oppression involves acting against other people, such as those of a different race or culture. This includes harming other people based on one’s own wishes or judgment. Privilege implies a special right or status of a person in relation to others. For example, in the past, people with light skin were initially considered privileged over those with dark skin. Over time, such social attitudes begin to disappear. However, the fact that I have associations with this issue of the past is based on life in the United States, where the problem was relevant. In this way, cultural settings are transmitted through historical and national events. Intersectionality allows studying the social and evaluative attitudes of a person, because of which he discriminates or, on the contrary, treats certain demographic characteristics with the privilege. To be included in the course:   * Equality   * Multiculturalism   * Social Identity Reference Foronda, C. (2019). A theory of cultural humility. Journal of Transcultural Nursing , 31 (1), 7-12. Web.
Introduction Exploration of victim’s perceptions regarding violence against women will require considerable effort concentrated in the area of person-to-person communication. However, given the implicit and concealed nature of the social issue at hand, such communication must be non-abusive and informative at the same time. Above that, for this research, the collected data needs to be as statistically significant and insight-rich as possible. Qualitative research will gather and process large volumes of information, granting an outlook on the breadth of the problem, the prevalence of certain concepts or instances, and improving the value of a study. The quantitative design will let this research be concentrated on exploring reasons and specific behavioral markers in victims that will increase the practical and theoretical gain. Elements of quantitative and qualitative design will be used in this study due to multiple reasons. Firstly, the complexity and depth of the issue do not allow for measuring it using only one approach as the impact of intimate partner violence on victims is reported to be diverse and multifaceted. Secondly, both quantitative and qualitative methodologies have their strengths and weaknesses, which is why it is paramount to use them in combination. (Johnson, Ollus, & Nevala 2008). The qualitative part of the study and, provided the tool is designed correctly, will help identify new trends in victim’s perceptions regarding violence against women. The qualitative section of the study will contribute to updating the current data on the prevalence of intimate partner violence and narrow down the areas where the impact of such abusive behavior may be manifested vividly. Also, qualitative data will be used to prove the results of numeric data gathered through quantitative research (Creswell 2013). Therefore, the present thesis paper methodology will incorporate quantitative and quantitative design represented by an online survey and online voice-only interview respectively. Data Collection and Participants Data collection in victims of intimate partner violence can be rather intricate due to several factors. According to
Introduction Technology is necessary in the current business management strategies. Any business that has not incorporated it in its framework is not equipped to compete. In fact, it has been a tool that has been adopted everywhere by organisations, schools, churches amongst many relevant bodies for their smooth running. The current business environment that is characterised by intensive application of technology differs significantly from the past when things were done manually and for a long time. In the past, companies have instituted measures aimed at establishing themselves in the market. Where this strategy has worked for some, other companies have ended up failing. One only wonders why some companies would succeed by using one aspect of technology while other companies fail. The secret however lies in the utilisation of the technological innovations adapted by an individual company, as well as how well it is able to integrate it in the system for efficiency and profitability. Some technological innovations are expensive to acquire and maintain in companies. When not utilised appropriately, they can cause the downfall of the company or end up locking the much-needed capital. Some market leaders may adapt a technological change and end up losing their leadership status in the industry. The observation has continued to amaze many people especially those in the field of management. Most of the organisations, which at one time led in the innovation of a product, have not been able to re-invent themselves in innovations that followed with most of them not being able to cope with the market changes. In the computer industry, some companies were involved in developing the various defining systems in history. While these companies continued to dominate this field, other companies surpassed them in the innovation of one system thus changing the course of history. Some of the reasons behind the failure by these previously successful firms have been the “managerial myopia or organisational lethargy, insufficient resources, or expertise” (Bruton & White, 2011, p.23). The failure of large organisations, companies, and institutions is due to the introduction of innovation dates in history. An example is the spinning of cotton, which is recorded to have failed at some point in history after the introduction of synthetic fibres in the industry. Most of the companies, which used to spin at this period in time and did not adapt properly to this change were out phased though this move was not because of lack of innovation. The reasons behind the failure of some of these organisations can be traced to other factors, which are not necessarily related to the new technologies introduced at the time. Now, all companies operating anywhere in the world have a degree of technological innovation in their ranks. Most of them are using out-dated technologies. Lack of exposure, resistance to change, or ignorance may be some of the reasons why such companies are holding to the past when new and convenient technologies are in
The security of any nation depends on the strength of its military. In the United States, the military is divided into the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. The US military has evolved in different ways over the years. Specifically, the US Navy has undergone numerous operational and organizational changes since it was formed during the Revolutionary War in 1775. The US Navy was founded with the sole objective of intercepting shipments of British equipage as a way of disrupting any operations involving British maritime activities. Therefore, given the urgent nature with which the US Navy was formed, it has evolved by addressing the challenges that have arisen along the way. As such, in the light of circumstances under which the Navy was founded, several issues were encountered. For instance, when the American Revolutionary War started, which necessitated the existence of the US Navy, slavery was widely practiced, and thus recruiting slaves into the Navy was a contentious issue. This paper discusses differences in diversity and ethics in the US Navy during the American Revolutionary War and the Global War on Terrorism, which started after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the United States. Additionally, lessons learned in the course of this research will be highlighted together with the significant challeng
There are huge physical, emotional, social and intellectual changes happening during your teen (adolescent) years. These changes all impact how one feels about what they eat and their nutritional needs. For example, you already may have noticed how quickly you have been growing at certain times (so-called growth spurts), with an increased appetite and your clothes no longer fitting after wearing them only a few months. Most teen-agers have a demanding schedule including homework, sports, and other extracurricular activities. To keep up with busy schedule and get enough energy and nutrients for optimal growth and development, it is important to learn health eating habbits which means eating a variety of healthy foods. All teens should want to eat healthfully. They’ll feel their best and avoid problems related to poor nutrition, such as iron-poor blood (anemia), slow growth, anorexia, cavities and becoming overweight. Eating wisely helps to stay healthy as one becomes an adult in order to decrease chances of later developing high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis and some forms of cancer. How Many Calories are required? During teen years, the number of calories required varies with particular body size, activity level, and rate of growth. For example, during growth spurts you will need more calories and will probably notice an increase in appetite. On average, males 11 to 21 years old need between 2,500 and 3,000 calories a day, while females of the same ages need about 2,000 calories a day. One needs an additional 600 to 1,000 calories each day if involved in vigorous physical activity. However, it is not necessary to count calories. The important thing is to eat nutritious foods — even if choosen a vegetarian diet — from each of the food groups every day. There are enough calories and all the necessary nutrients if daily diet includes:   * Grains (bread, cereal, rice, pasta) — six to 11 servings   * Vegetables — three to five servings   * Fruits — two or three servings   * Dairy (milk, yogurt, cheese) — two or three servings   * Meats (meat, poultry, fish, beans, nuts, eggs) — two or three servings. Teens are still growing and also have a very high level of activity, they may need to eat something every few hours. In addition to breakfast, lunch and dinner, many teens feel their best when they eat snacks in mid-morning and after school. Here are some healthful snacks to choose:   * Fresh fruits, dried fruits, fruit-filled cookies   * Vegetables with low-fat dip   * Cheese cubes, cheese sticks, yogurt, milk   * Whole-grain bread, bagels, whole-grain crackers, unsalted whole-wheat pretzels, rice cakes, dry cereals (low or no sugar) with
Plato and Aristotle are all favorite time philosophers who presumably gave reasoning a taste. Even though Aristotle was a student of Plato, he disagreed with him on nearly every aspect. It is claimed that Aristotle never said, “I do not know’ (Hooker, Para. 2). He literary knew everything to be it in politics, science, law, or anything that was there to be studied. This brings in the different philosophies of these two great philosophers. According to Aristotle, Plato’s ideas have three weaknesses: first, these ideas are contradictory for they are assumed as absolute facts leaving no room for negation. Secondly, the illustrations used for the ideas are mere metaphors, and finally, Plato used temporal generalizations in giving examples of perception. “Ideas, Plato believes, are permanent, self-contained absolutes, which answered to each item of exact knowledge attained through human thought” (Hooker Para. 5). Moreover, he believes that these ideas are absolute standards upon which people can evaluate and judge their endeavors because these ideas build up to the absolute truth, in what he calls; good. Moreover, he suggests that states of depending on commixing of different forms of being and knowledge are not subjective, rather objective, thus making it more real. Finally, Plato argues that the only reasonable entities are natural processes. On the other hand, Aristotle differs with these assumptions. In Aristotle’s perspective, “Ideas are not abstractions on a proverbial pedestal but mere duplicates of things witnessed in ordinary daily life” (Lear 21). Therefore, ideas are not an integral part of objects; on the contrary, these are two separate entities. Consequently, from Aristotle’s point of view, Plato’s arguments are meaningless because no standards lie in the objects but perception by the persons involved. As aforementioned, Aristotle disagreed with most of Plato’s theories. A good example of how these philosophers differed is on beauty. Plato considers beauty as whimsy and a paragon; defined by abstractions, wherein, it is permanently fixed. This means that though the representatives of beauty may fade away, it remains intact. However, Aristotle claims that beauty is not absolute or permanent, but it depends on human perception subject to change with time. Therefore, since it cannot exist forever, it cannot be a standard. Nevertheless, these two philosophers agree on some issues like the subject of reality. They both agree that God exists regardless of his nature, probably because they agree that
Introduction Argula von Grumbach and Teresa of Avila are some of the most vocal women, who spent most of their time writing and advancing theological issues during historical times. At the time, several women were not very vocal in advancing issues and objectives relating to several matters, as women of the time could not challenge men in male-dominated societies. Imminently, both Argula and Teresa advanced points and issues concerning various theological issues and aspects of religion in the Christian realm. One of the most notable works undertaken by Argula includes the letter that she wrote to the leaders of the University of Ingolstadt concerning the persecutions of some individuals deemed to be spreading heretic teachings. In the perspective of Argula, these persecutions were not biblical and deserved punishment from God. On the other hand, the notable works presented d by Teresa comprised the subject that highlights various issues of prayers. It is within this context that the essay discusses the hypothesis presented by Argula von Grumbach and Teresa of Avila concerning their similarities and differences. Discussion The differences and similarities advanced by Argula and Teresa had underlying theological reasons. Evidently, from their writings, the two women had strong theological attachments and professed the Christian religion. While Argula presents her argument concerning persecutions that some individuals in the country went through in the hands of some leaders in the University of Ingolstadt, Teresa outlined various types of prayers and levels. Notably, the strong attachments towards the theological perspectives led to a similarity, which was the fact that all of them were willing and ready to die for a good course of Christianity. Schmeling, Smith, and Hartwig (2012) explain that in asserting the willingness to die, Argula states that she was willing to sacrifice her life, as she did not fear the one that devoured the body and not the soul (67). On the other hand, while outlining the various levels of prayers, Teresa states that there is the level where an individual surrenders and God takes control of the life. As a result, the two women had similarities depicted from theological attachments. From the works of Argula and Teresa, there is a political reason that affects the way the two scholars undertake their works. In the works of Argula, politics are evident in the statements that encompass university leadership and individuals such as the princes and the emperor. The belief that God is above all the leaders of the world occasions a similarity between Argula and Teresa, who also states that God is supreme (Teresa of Avila, 2006). For instance, in substantiating the concept of politics, which initiated a similarity between her and Teresa, Argula states that no one is above God the almighty. In addition, the presence of leaders such as the princes and emperors in the
Introduction The term solid-state was borrowed from solid-state physics and it meant the use of semiconductor devices instead of electron tubes. Currently, the term solid-state is used to differentiate solid-state electronics from the electromechanical peripherals (Barnes 2003, p.12). Definition Solid-state drives (SSDs) are storage devices that use solid-state memory in order to store up constant information or data. Since solid-state devices work almost the same way as hard disks, they tend to substitute the hard disks in their functions. RAM drives are solid-state devices that use SRAM or DRAM technologies instead of using Flash memories. This type of solid-state device should not be confused with the RAM disks. Solid-state drives are known to contain no moving parts. In modern technology, the NAND-based flash memory is the standard for many solid-state drives (Barnes 2003, p.76). Architecture and Functions Solid-state drives are made up of DRAM volatile memory or the NAND flash non-volatile memory (Barnes 2003, p. 49). SSD producers incorporate non-volatile memory in order to come up with stronger and compact gadgets for the consumer market. These non-battery SSD gadgets that are designed using flash memory technology are called flash drives. Their standard form factor is 1.8-inch, 2.5 inch, and 3.5 inch (Bandopadhyay 2004, p.98). Composition of SSDs They contain the following parts:   * Cache: negligible space in DRAM is used as the cache especially the flash-based SSD (Bose 2001, p.87).   * Capacitor/batteries: High speeds SSDs use the capacitor or some kind of battery in order to preserve data reliability in case of sudden power blackouts (Bose 2001, p.87). Speed of SSDs The speed of an SSD device will depend on the total number of parallel NAND flash chips used. An increase in the number of flash chips in an SSD results in an increase in bandwidth scale and low latency. The incorporation of data stripping and data interleaving technologies by Micron/Intel SSD resulted in the development of ultra-fast SSDs (Khanchandani and Singh 2006, p.76). Advantages of Solid-State Devices (SSDs):   * They are less fragile than hard disks since they don’t contain any moving parts.   * They are silent unless a fan is installed in them.   * They don’t experience mechanical delays.   * They have minimal latency and access time (Barnes 2003, p.132).   * Flash memory SSDs are non-volatile hence they can keep the memory even