ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The cross-fertilization example that I want to observe is the novel by Vladimir Nabokov, “Lolita” (1955), and its movie adaptation by Adrian Lyne (1997). The story tells about the unhealthy obsession of the older man Humbert over the little girl Dolores. In the book, most of the time is dedicated to the dark phycological reflection of Humbert on his actions towards Dolores, who he called Lolita. The novel is written with sophisticated and exquisite language that shows the atmosphere of the America of that time. In turn, the movie adds more colorful and visual details to the storyline, which makes the characters more wholesome and versatile. Through the theme music, specific color correction demonstrating America’s landscapes and aesthetic of motels and car travels, and the professional acting of the actors, the movie director managed to keep the atmosphere of darkness and desperation. At the same time, Lyne managed to combine it with bright moments of the innocent childhood and glimpses of joy that Lolita has experienced from time to time. The vivid scenes and representative dialogs harmoniously supplemented the brutal and intense sequence of events that were described in the novel. For this discussion, I would also like to compare the attitude of different cultures towards religious music and its meaning to specific religious groups. Many religions, through music and songs, represent their faith, which allows them to express their spiritual aspiration and hail their gods. For example, people in Zimbabwean use their music to thank their God for providing them with the good seasons of hunt and harvest (Sound Infusion). Islamic religious songs otherwise serve for educational purposes and moral standard guides. They bring the message of cultural values. They aim to develop the understanding along with the following implementation of it by children. Reference The Importance of Music in different religions. Sound Infusion. Web.
With the recent and quite radical changes in the IT sphere, major companies specializing in providing the related services were forced to reconsider a range of their strategies and shift to new and improved techniques of expansion into the world market. Among such publicly traded organizations, Google, Inc and Twitter, Inc must be mentioned. Both companies seem to have embraced the changes, managed to admit their mistakes and considered the creation of mergers and acquisitions as a viable strategy to adopt. As a result, both companies are currently growing by acquiring less competitive firms and expanding into the world market. Indeed, a single look at Google’s policy will reveal its expansion plans: the organization has acquired BlackBerry, Boston Dynamics, Nest Labs, Inc. and Dropcam, and created a range of mergers, including the one with Motorola Mobility. It is clear that Google is planning to grow further and exploring new opportunities by creating new mergers. Such an intense struggle for the dominance in the global market can be explained by the fact that Google has recently had to refuse from a range of ideas, which seemed quite promising a few years ago. As the recent announcement on Google explained, the company had to abandon a number of the projects that it used to view as promising several years ago; for example, Picasa, Google Docs and Orkut were shut down, since similar and more successful services were created by other companies (Siganos, 2013). As the representatives of the Google, Inc. explained, the services that were closed down had been created before new opportunities for communication and data exchange emerged; therefore, being ahead of its time, Google finally had to yield to more advanced companies. Consequently, to regain its status, the company had to conjure a different strategy. As a result, the idea of merging with the companies that have designed more advanced services appeared to be the solution. Twitter, Inc., however, had other reasons for choosing the policy of mergers and acquisitions. It is remarkable that, unlike Google, which was initially targeted at providing a variety of services, twitter was designed solely as a social network from the very creation of its concept (Sprangler, 2013). Hence, the reasons for the leader of Twitter to adopt the strategy of mergers and acquisitions, shifting to the idea of corporate governance, have a different line of reasoning to be based on. Unlike Google, which does not seem to have very strong r
Schizophrenia Causes The cause of schizophrenia has not been conclusively established by psychological experts. Usually, it is difficult for people who suffer from this psychological disorder to have the right sense of reality. The distinction between fantasy and reality is usually a difficult task for them. The progress of schizophrenia is unique from one individual to another. There are those people who encounter only a single episode of the psychological condition and proceed to live normally. However, there are those individuals who may continually not be at ease with their auditory functions and they tend to hallucinate throughout their lifetime. Moreover, there are those schizophrenia patients who may be affected by the disorder once in a while even as they live their normal lives. Although the actual cause of schizophrenia is not known, genetics play a very important role in its transmission. Moreover, there is a higher possibility of one twin struggling with the disorder while the other one remains perfectly well. This gives a hint that factors related to the immediate environment are instrumental on who can develop this disorder. This is a mental disturbance which is associated with hallucinations related to auditory whereby the moods, state of thinking and behavioral patterns are severely perturbed (Brad, 2000). A deficit in the neurological system or defection in the enzyme status are some of the abnormalities associated with the biochemical system and are not the actual causes of schizophrenia. Symptoms   * Anxiety.   * Confusion.   * Hallucinations.   * Frozen behavior which may lead to the patient remaining standstill for several hours.   * Nervous actions which are jumpy.   * Tendency to hear voices or sounds which do not exist.   * Fantasy of persecution.   * Insensible thinking.   * Suppressed Emotional expressions.   * Thinking and acting in an inconsistent manner for instance the person might laugh while at the same time attempting to explain how he or she hates others.   * Feelings of being indomitable. The onset of schizophrenia is often associated with bizarre behavioral patterns. Schizophrenia patients often think differently from normal and their behaviors are usually odd. As a result, they tend to isolate themselves from the social domain or withdraw completely from others. Treatment Reduction of schizophrenia symptoms as well as reducing the possibility of relapse are the main approaches used to treat this psychological disorder bearing in mind that schizophrenia is a combination of several conditions. Therapy or medical treatment of schizophrenia persists throughout one’s lifetime because the disorder has no permanent cure (Brad, 2000). Psychosocial treatments by use of medications which are antipsychotic in nature as well as lobotomies have been recommended as viable treatment methods for schizophrenia. There are a myriad of medical options which are available for schizophrenia patients. In fact, the affected can still revert to their normal lives. Depression Causes The actual cause of depression has not been known yet by psychologi
Presentation of the Images Adélaïde Labillle-Guiard’s Self -Portrait with Two Pupils, focuses on the woman seated articulately on the emerald green chair. As the title suggests, this is a self-portrait of the painter. The focal point in the composition is the elegantly dressed female artist donning a soft-hued blue dress wearing a straw hat, while two female pupils’ appearance blend in the background with the same tone of the color. The main artist who is on the emerald green chair is prominent in the composition with the two pupils appearing smaller because they are standing behind her directing the viewer’s glance towards the woman sitting. Berthe Morisot’s The Pink Dress, on the other hand, shows a young woman in a pink dress sitting on a sofa. The focus of this picture is the young woman and more so the pink dress she is wearing in this picture. The viewer’s look is more directed at her facial expressions than any other element. The image of the young woman is prominent in the painting. Her face and the pink dress she is wearing are the points of focus in the painting, which is the reason for the title of the painting called The Young Woman with a Pink Dress. Adélaïde Labillle-Guiard’s Self -Portrait with Two Pupils, portrays exemplary brushwork. She has skillfully applied the brushwork to reveal sharp and attractive images; it reveals a great level of detail ranging from folds of the dresses to the texture of the furniture. The artist appears to have used fine brush strokes to show the attractiveness of the picture details that include, floor, easel, chair, walls and the stool. The painting offers an impressive use of paint richly applied and calling attention to the artist’s highly innovative brushwork. The quality of texture is an exhibition of crucial expressive feature in Adélaïde Labillle-Guiard’s Self -Portrait with Two Pupils. The images are represented with fine texture of the women’s faces, the satin dress, the emerald green chair as well as the burst in the background. The visual texture of the composition brings out the effect of light on the value pattern of the fabrics in the setup. The portrait reveals a skirt texture because of the use of lights and the darks. Berthe Morisot’s The Pink Dress on the contrary, is not sharp. The painting does not show great amount of detail, the texture of the pink dress, the young woman’s face and the sofa are not well defined. However, the painting could posses tactile texture quality resulting from heavy use of paint but not visual texture quality. The artist has used wide brushstrokes, which is evident by the vague representation of items in the painting. Adélaïde Labillle-Guiard
Introduction The use of antimicrobials in hospitals is a subtle practice that requires stewardship. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials are complex processes that demand understanding of safety and efficacy standards by the experts who can adhere to the stewardship guidelines. Misuse of the antimicrobials can lead to drug toxicity in patients, encourage the emergence of multidrug resistant microbes, and increase health care system costs. The emergence of multidrug resistant microbes due to inappropriate use of antimicrobials has not only increased prevalence of microbial diseases but has also resulted into diminishing effectiveness of antimicrobials. The health care system is grappling with the challenges of treating and preventing the emergence of resistant microbes using few effective antimicrobials since many have encountered resistance. Tamma and Cosgrove assert that, “the implementation of a monitoring and intervention system is vital to optimize the effectiveness of currently available antimicrobial agents and preserve our ability to use them in the future” (2009, p.245). In this view, hospitals have designed diverse stewardship programs that supervise and check the use of antimicrobials. To find out the effectiveness of the stewardship programs in hospitals, random interviews were conducted on the number of medical professionals concerning the available antimicrobial stewardship programs and their effectiveness. Since proper implementation of the antimicrobial stewardship is imperative in the control of emerging multidrug resistant microbes and reduction of medical costs, assessment of available and effectiveness of programs gives an insight. However, the big question remains; how can the hospitals implement antimicrobial stewardship programs effectively. Antimicrobial Stewardship Emerging multidrug resistant microbes and increasing costs in health care system threaten capacity of fighting microbial diseases. The multidrug resistant microbes emerged due to poor stewardship in the use of antimicrobials. Moreover, there is an impendin
In a non-collusive oligopoly, firms often try their best to avoid price-based competition. An increase in the prices by one of the firms may not be followed by a similar reaction from competitors, although a decrease in prices would lead to price reductions by other firms. This is explained by the kinked demand curve model under which a firm can maximise its profit. When the firm increased the price from P1 and others did not follow, the demand was D1, meaning that the price was kinked at P1 and the firm faced a more elastic demand than its competition in the market. The failure of other firms to match its increase in prices resulted in a more elastic demand curve for American airlines. However, because it could afford to, it provided very attractive discounts, which ultimately resulted in more customers from rival airlines being attracted. This is can be described under predatory pricing, where a firm lowers prices considerably, especially below cost to prevent others from doing the same. For a firm to do this, it must have the wherewithal to withstand the losses that may occur and evidently American airlines firm was cushioned against that by its huge capital reserves. In 2008, the economy slowed down due to the recession and the demand for air travel followed suit. However, the carriers managed to keep up their pricing capacity for most of the year until September as demonstrated in the red line. There was actually a level of growth in 2008. After this, there was a dramatic increase in the level of crisis and as major financial institutions went under. In fact, it was observed that the stock market nearly collapsed. Corporations reduced travel expenses significantly. This firm was left in a condition where its ability to match prices and capacity was diminished. During the recession, airlines were forced to reduce their fares considerably to increase the number of passengers. As a result of flights being much cheaper during that period, more people opted to fly domestically. However, it was more difficult to do the same because not all countries were affected by the recession in the same way as the US. As a result, it was competing with international airlines that could have matched its reduced prices. Thus, it was not able to reduce the prices low enough to increase the demand for international flights. This negatively impacted the performance of the firm.
The health status of an individual is determined by a number of factors. One of them is their general state of ‘wellness’. In this regard, all the physiological and psychological aspects of human health come into play (Herman, 1997). Trauma is one of the determinants of an individual’s wellbeing. Traumatic experiences are viewed as emotional responses to chaotic encounters. Herman (1997) points out that knowledge on how to treat trauma should be made widely available. The aim is to ensure that past emotional experiences do not negatively affect the current health status of an individual. The current essay is written against the background of trauma, its treatment, and recovery. In the paper, the author outlines basic information on the subject matter. Herman (1997) argues that primary caregivers should be armed with knowledge on the nature of this condition to help them effectively manage a wide array of psychological health conditions. To this end, the author of this paper highlights the general issues surrounding trauma and recovery. The various treatment considerations are also outlined. The discussion revolves around the psychological well-being of an individual. General Issues Related to Trauma and Recovery Trauma: Analyzing Contributing Factors Different health conditions are brought about by a variety of, among others, social, economic, physical, and physiological factors. Traumatic experiences can be evaluated from the perspective of these elements. The condition progresses through a number of phases. Resick (2001) points out that a clear understanding of trauma and recovery can be achieved with the help of the associated factors. Pre-traumatic factors Traumatic experiences are a result of emotional destabilization of an individual’s state of mind. Resick (2001) points out that major disasters in the life of an individual may trigger these occurrences. However, the condition can also emanate from a series of subconscious elements that the person may not be aware of. In light of this, pre-traumatic factors bring about the element of ‘undercurrent’ trauma. Bomyea, Risbrough, and Lang (2012) conducted a study to examine pre-traumatic factors that are seen to contribute towards post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Bomyea et al. (2012) based their study on the hypothesis that the risk factors associated with the development of this condition are heightened by vulnerability in relation to biological and cognitive elements. It is noted that pre-trauma factors are closely linked to the biological and cognitive aspects of an individual. The study by Bomyea et al. (2012) found that the most common of these elements emerge from biological issues. For instance, the scholars argue that molecular genetics framework plays a significant role in the onset of the condition. Serotonin and catecholamine are some of the biological factors contributing towards trauma. In light of this, it becomes clear that pre-trauma conditions should be analyzed to provide caretakers and other stakeholders with a broad spectrum of probable causes of trauma. Bomyea et al. (2012)
Introduction Crime has various meanings, which depend on the point of view. From a sociological perspective, crime is wrong that violates social relationships. This paper gives a detail of the different sociological theories, which broadens the understanding of crime. Crime typologies help in understanding violent crimes, an explanation of various crime typologies has been given. Doctor-assisted suicide is an issue that has caused intense discussion. This paper gives various reasons why assisted suicide should not be legalized. What is the nature of sociological theorizing? Sociological theories are used to study societal structures and social organizations. These theories also examine how social organizations influence people’s conduct. Unlike psychological theories, sociological theories focus on the nature of conduct depicted by a gathering of people. The criminological theory focuses on a sociological perspective because of various reasons (Frank, 2004). One of the reasons is that there has been a concerned interest in social issues like poverty and unemployment. Based on a sociological description, crime occurs because of various reasons. A person’s locality within the community may influence crime. This is due to the social and financial aspects of life like poverty, isolation, unstable families, cultural issues, which contradict conventional principles. Crime is also a result of social practices such as improper socialization and social education. This stresses the role of social relations and self-discipline in crime. In addition, crime is caused by class struggle. This approach focuses on the prevailing power relationship between communities and the financial structure of the society (Frank, 2004). There are three classifications of sociological theories. The different classifications share a certain aspect. The first one is social disorganization theory, which has a link with social ecology. Social ecology was the idea of Park and Ernest Burgess at the University of Chicago. Social ecology deals with how the societal arrangement adjusts to the environment and the presence of other humankind. Social ecology adds valuable information to criminology. It suggests that society exerts a key impact on individual conduct. Ecological views on the origin of crime have reappeared in the form of environmental criminology. Environmental criminology highlights the role of the geographical locality as a link to crime occurrences. The second classification is the strain theory. Strain theory shows that criminal behavior is a response to bad social surroundings. Strain theory formed by Robert Merton stated that goals such as riches, education, and class are desirable for everybody. However, he noted that not all people in a social group could achieve these goals. As a result, delinquency becomes an option for success when people feel the pressure to succeed. Robert Agnew reformed the strain theory
Introduction The pressure to develop in business comes from internal and external sources. Internally, a business entity usually wants to develop in order to exceed own previous performances. Externally, the pressure to develop comes from different sources. Such sources include competitors, and new demands from the consumers market. Business development is defined as “the creation of long-term value for an organisation from customers, markets, and relationships” (Pollack 2012, p.1). The foregoing definition is not a standard definition but it will be used in this paper. From the definition, it is obvious that for businesses to create long-term value, it needs to relate well with the customers and the markets. In other words, businesses need to provide the customers and market with products and services that meet prevailing consumer needs. In a fast moving world, customer needs are changing equally fast. Consequently, business development needs to cater for changing customer and markets needs hence the need for innovation. Innovation is defined differently by various authors. The London Innovation (cited by Fitzgerald & Wynn 2004, p. 336) for example defines it as the “successful exploitation of new ideas”. On their part, Fitzgerald and Wynn (2004, p. 336) define innovation as a “new product, method, or process that brings improvement and competitive advantage”. Notably, the foregoing definition perceives innovation as a process, method or product. Often times, all three are beneficial to business development, because the process can enhance the manner in which business is done; the new method can transform business for the better; while a product may serve prevailing customer needs. The role of innovation in business development Business development has become an essential component of modern day organisations because stagnation provides competitors an easy way to overtake the business. Such competitors may be more aware of the needs and preferences of the consumer market. To create long-term value from relationships, markets and customers, businesses need to know the specific customers and market needs, and the relationships that are most