ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The First Americans: In Pursuit of Archaeology’s Greatest Mystery by J. M. Adovasio and J. Page immerses the reader in a fascinating and eventful story of the first people on the American continents. For years there has been controversy about who the first Americans were and when they appeared. This historical and archaeological mystery has plagued generations of historians. Known as the founder and director of the Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute in Erie, Pennsylvania, Adovasio lifts the veil of mystery over this age-old narrative. In his research, he uses the help of a science writer and editor, Jake Page. He lays out his thoughts clearly and concisely in the book, backing them up with objective arguments as well as appropriate terminology. Despite the book’s scientific bias, the layman, far from confusing theories and practices, will not find it boring – the author manages time after time to find words that hold the reader’s interest. The discussion begins with Adovasio’s early work in the Meadowcroft rock shelter near Pittsburgh, making him a famous fixture in the scientific community. The story is notable because, in this shelter, he found charcoal, previously thought to have been burned in two hearths. This find established the location of people in these surroundings nearly 4,000 years before they set foot on this continent. The book provides a glimpse into both the processes of scientific fossilization and tangled academic discord. Adovasio enters into a polemic with the generally accepted understanding of the origins of Americans, claiming to have found himself caught up in promoting a bogus scientific position. He justifies this by saying that every anthropologist has his position and reputation, which must be maintained by any means, even fraudulent ones. Most historians and archaeologists believe that nomadic tribes traveled across the Bering Strait at the time of the last glacial period. Adovasio, on the other hand, argues that people had been present in that region thousands of years before the tribes of mammoth hunters arrived. Moreover, the contributions of women were much greater than researchers used to believe. Intellectual confrontations are also based on the fact that now the representatives of different ethnicities claim that they are the descendants of the first people on the American continents. In substantiating his arguments, the author offers the reader an overview of both early European fantasies about the origins of Native Americans and present-day archaeological practices and tools. At the same time, he presents a new perspective on the complexities of exposing scientific dogma, demonstrating that such problems are usually complicated and thankless affairs. Thus, in his educational book, Adovasio incorporates findings from different areas of science, reconsidering and exploring the fundamentals of the natural sciences. The book provides researchers with data that could further be used to conduct the study of time. In addition, the discussion covers some facts about Ice Age weather conditions and ecosystems that involve a wide range of flor
In today’s world, there is a lot of information that people must sift through just to make it through a day. Ordinarily, there is a need to remember personal issues such as doctor appointments, visits to the vet, buying missing groceries, among others. In addition, there is a whole layer of information related to a person’s occupation such as remembering to carry homework back to school, or to email it to a tutor. The point is that there is a lot of information each person must sift through, and in the process, there is need to remember the vital elements in order to have a normal life. When it comes to the internet, it is common to start a surfing session with certain objectives in mind, such as finding information relating to doctoral scholarships. To find this information, it is often necessary to skim through a large volume of information on various websites. Inadvertently, certain aspects, not originally related to the main objective of going online, become important to remember. For instance, a person may find information relating to accessing library materials that can help him to clear up an existing project in one of the websites. Whether this information eventually translates into useful input towards the project depends on whether the person can remember the website the next time he will be working on that project. It all comes down to whether a person can remember vital information or not. Is it possible to develop good memory habits with the help of memory aids to increase retention of vital information? Needs Assessment It is clear that people, including students, regularly deal with information without the benefit of a systematic method of committing to memory the things they find important. Is it possible to use the “link system in mnemonics” to improve their capacity to remember things? In order to find out, it is necessary to test the participants’ ability to remember items in a list before teaching them the link system, and then testing their ability to remember the same list after teaching them the link system. The information collected from this exercise will indicate the number of items each individual is able to remember before learning the link system and the number of items successfully committed to memory after learning the link method. Planning for this exercise does not need the input of any of the participants. The goal of this exercise is to learn and apply the link method of mnemonics in learning to help in the retention of information. The Do-Type Leaning Activity The do-type activity selected for this exercise is “Improving short term memory using the link method”. The activity will have three parts. The first part of the activity examines the current ability of the participants to memorize items in a list in order to develop a baseline performance before learning the new skill. The second part is a short i
Executive Summary The report is about utilization of individual spirituality and emotional intelligence within various organizational set-ups. There is tendency in most organizations to neglect spiritual part of individual’s lives leading to aspect of imbalance between emotional, intellectual and spiritual livelihoods. The article discusses various importance obtained from focusing on one’s spirituality hence forming the primary point from which one can quickly identify their purpose in life. From the perspective of the discussion, there is profound relationship between spirituality and overall performance within work-places. The paper starts by giving detailed annotated bibliography on articles based on spiritual and emotional intelligence. Then there is creation of cultural model used in London South Bank University. Introduction Multicultural backgrounds ensure interaction between people having improved innovative abilities which can be used in generating new ideas and skills. Managing cultural diversity based on spiritual and emotional intelligence is helpful in the process of knowledge transfer. Using integrated cultural dimension, modern technology and the same language within institution makes it easier for communication amongst individuals; this enables more comfortable transfer of information as well as knowledge. Such scenario reduces the level of misunderstanding and misinterpretation owing to cultural differences hence leading to increased efficiency and productivity within institutions. Institutions are always available to assist their members understand and realize their ambitions. Motivation incentives granted to employees provide most basic and essential part of institution’s success. Good example is in London South Bank University where they provide students with talent capable of meeting work-place needs hence improving individual’s career progression. Step 1: Culture According to London south bank university (LSBU), analysis of culture comprises cumulative aspects of human character which incorporates systems of sound knowledge shared within society. LSBU has a problem on efficient management of online students and students with disability due to a high number of those enrolling on an annual basis. The current situation within the institution works based on Traditional Support Model where students are taken through courses enabling them to create innovative products, initiate their own theatre companies as well as creating designs for international sports teams. Within emotionally and spiritually intelligent culture the primary source of human energy and drive is based on emotional intelligence where most of work done by lecturers and students focuses on physical aspects. However, bigger percentage of success is based on emotional intellect with heart intelligence taking a smaller percentage. Step 2: Context for Cultural Change and the Preferable Changes My context focuses on Team-Based Model, which is different from concept of teaching from Traditional Support Mod
Introduction Data collection through interviews offers a researcher first hand information on the subject. This paper explores the movie scene in the 1960s as explained by the 74 years old retired American marine called Mr. Van Clerk. Specifically, the treatise explores the movie theatres in the downtown of New York City. Mr. Van Clerk is a retired Marine who lives in the downtown area of the New York City. He was raised in the same neighborhood until he joined the military in the early 1970s. In the view of this retired citizen, action movie was the main center of attraction to movie theatres in the downtown area. Most of the action movies were inspired by the previous Second World War and the need to paint the war soldiers of this war as the true heroes of America. Mr. Van recollects that the entire geographical region of downtown New York had only three movie theatres. The theatres were located in the eastern corner, Central Street and the southwest end near the Downtown National Park. Though several decades have passed, Mr. Van describes his first day at the movie theatre in the company of his father at the age of 14 years. Specifically, the first action movie he watched was the famous Attack blockbuster. This event reaffirmed his passion for action movies and career choice. In fact, Mr. Van ended up as an army officer to emulate the main character in this particular movie. In the 1960s, movie tickets were sold several days before the actual screening. Mr. Van stated that there were different types of movie tickets depending on the number of attendees and sitting position in the theatre. Though the price margin for different kinds of tickets was fairly negligible, Van recalls that having a VIP ticket would mean a better view and free snacks. The snacks that were sold during screening in these movie theatres were the traditional pop corns and soft drinks. Mr. Van recollects that the female ushers would serve the snacks to the attendees at a cost of between five cents and ten cents. The most expensive snack was the milk shake which was retailing at fifteen cents. The movie theatres, according to Mr. Van, showed three films for each admission during the weekends and two films during the weekdays. The busiest day in the movie theatres was Fridays since most releases were screened on this day. Though the movie screens were black and white, Mr. Van recollects that the sound proofing technology was in existence and viewing quality was average. The main themes in the action movies of the 1960s were heroism , revenge, and punishment for felony against the state. Mr. Van recalls the movies Attack and Vikings as his favorite action films. He has since kept a copy of each in his expansive action series home library. In the view of Mr. Van, movie producers of the 1960s were generally ethical on the extent of what they displayed as explicitly violent motion images. He recalls attending these films with his seven years old sibling without having to deal with later nightmares from this minor. This is no longer the case since Mr. Van has reservation for excessive vi
Best practices of the company are methods and techniques used by a company either for the short term or long term in attaining their objectives which results in improving the performance on economic, social, and environmental perspectives among others (Idowu and Filho 286). BMW Company has been able to manage and maintain its innovation in designing luxury and consumer-friendly car models. BMW Company has taken innovation as the main best practice in all its operations by concentrating on the simplest and very critical elements which give rise to significant results. This has enabled the company to stay ahead of the competition and be able to attract more customers across the world thus increasing its sales. The company employees have been empowered as the main source of innovation in the company. The various designs created by the employees are always consolidated in one system called the iDrive system and the team of various creative professionals comes up with the best design which will attract customers more customers while maintaining the existing ones. Innovation is a practice that has kept the company be the most reliable and preferred company in the car industry across the whole world. There are always new models being established by the company each and every year. This is well-strategized by the company which results in the growth of the company, an increase in its revenue, and high profits being reported to the shareholders of the company (Khosrow-Pour 216). Genentech, a biomedical services company has best practices that benefit the employees and the community globally. The company engages its staff members in all its operations as stipulated by the vision, mission, and cultural values of the company. The company is community-oriented in its operations. The company has enabled its employees to invest in the company stocks so that they also benefit through their efforts in the long run. The employees who have stocks in the company are over 95%. The employees also are offered tuition facilities throughout the years which increase the level of expertise in the employees (Halbert and Ingulli 49). Being knowledgeable is the best practice which the company has given to the employees which benefits them all through in their lives. The employees also are provided with the employees’ assistance program which covers up to their households which promotes a good relationship between the employees’ personal problems and the work. This service enhances the employee’s work and as they know their benefits in the company are long-term hence their turnover is minimal. The company has best practices that benefit the community at large. The company donates drugs to all the community members who are not insured and those who are underinsured (Shaikh 79). Walmart company has big strategies which enable the company to sustain the environment. The company is wholly supplied by renewable energy which does not create any wastes to the environment. The products also sold by the company are environment friendly hence they do not interfere with the nat
Introduction The Clockwork Orange is the film by Stanley Kubrick. It was created in 1962 based on the novel by Anthony Burgess. The main themes of the film are the good and evil, kindness and aggression, sympathy and violence. The film uncovers the ethical issues and touches upon the social problems including the impact of the totalitarian regime on a personality. The aim of this essay is to analyze the plot of the movie from the standpoint of the ethics-related questions. The Main Body The film The Clockwork Orange is based on the famous novel by Anthony Burgess, who sarcastically criticizes the attempts of the government to control every aspect of the life of an individual. Alex, the main character of the film, is the habitual criminal. His life and actions are absolutely amoral. Alex manages the criminal gang of teenagers who commit enormous offences. He is involved in robberies and sexual assaults. After committing a murder, Alex is betrayed by the members of his gang and caught by the police. Undoubtedly, the gang membership and the roots of crimes are the main ethical and moral issues raised in the film. The roots of the amoral behavior have been studied by many scholars. The results of the research conducted by Dr Vincent Egan and Matthew Beadman in the frameworks of London clinical psychology program show that antisocial personalities tend to avoid the communities with the good influence and, thus, they become involved in gangs (“Extreme Antisocial Personality” n.pag.). The researchers also characterized the traits of the antisocial personality. They determined it by the “impulsivity, low self-discipline, low self-control, and a lack of concern for other people’s problems” (“Extreme Antisocial Personality” n.pag.). If we take a look at the personality of the main character of The Clockwork Orange, we will, undoubtedly, find these traits in him. It should be mentioned that the psychologists explain the roots of violence in the peculiarities of the people’s psyche. The negative emotions, such as hate and intolerance, provoke the acts of violence and crimes. All people are, however, liable to experience negative emotions, but not all of them become criminals. Thus, the criminal behavior is the moral and ethical question. Persons can be impulsive and may be lacking the self-control, but they will never commit crime. That is why the antisocial personalities should be defined not only in the psychological terms, but also in the ethical and moral ones. Their moral principles possess certain traits, among which the prescriptivity takes an important place as it guides the actions of individuals (Pojman and Fieser 7). Ultimately, it is the question of the ability to sympathize with others, put oneself in the place of other persons, an
Introduction The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is regarded as one of the biggest marine hazards in the history of the US. The incident occurred on April 20, 2010. It followed an explosion in a drilling platform of an oil rig referred to as the Deep Water Horizon (Grant 2014). The rig was located approximately 40 miles from the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico (Grant 2014). It had been leased to BP by TransOcean, who were the owners and operators. According to Houdet and Germaneau (2011), 4.2million barrels of oil spilled from the Macondo well, which was being drilled. It caused major damages to the ecosystem and to the communities living in the area. The spill impacted directly and indirectly on the least 20 kinds of ecosystem services around and within the Gulf of Mexico (Casselman & Gold 2010). Such services touched on climate regulation, recreational facilities, as well as cultural and aesthetic values. Others entailed hurricane protection on the coastal wetlands. It was difficult to quantify the extent of damage on maritime and land flora and fauna. In this paper, the author provides a critique of BP’s reporting system in relation to the spill. The shortcomings of the reports provided by the company will be analysed in the context of the provisions of General Purpose Financial Reporting (GPFR). The author will focus on the duration prior to and after the disaster. BP’s Conformance to GPFR Standards and Shortcomings in Relation to Deepwater Horizon Disaster The oil spill highlighted the failures of environmental laws and the agencies charged with the responsibility of supervising deepwater drilling (Grant 2014). In addition, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and doctrines of corporate law failed to prevent the disaster (Houdet & Germaneau 2011). A number of questions regarding the management of corporations, together with how they portray themselves to the public, were raised. BP Ltd. is one of the leading companies in the global gas industry. The company deals with the exploration, production, refinery, distribution, and marketing of oil products (Houdet & Germaneau 2011). It is regarded highly by many people in the society. According to Chazan and Daker (2010), the Deepwater Horizon disaster exposed a destructive corporate culture in BP. The company consistently neglected the safety of the workers and disregarded environmental regulations. The organisation maintained a poor safety
Alvin Ailey was an activist and American choreographer who established Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre in 1958 in New York City. He was born in 1931 in Roger Texas and died on 1 st December, 1989 with HIV/Aids. Ailey popularized modern dance and is credited for revolutionizing African-American membership in dance concerts in 20 th century. Ailey’s stunning success in choreography is believed to have contributed to modern dance since it is popularly seen in modern dance performance. Ailey’s dance theatre was nicknamed ‘ International Cultural Ambassador’ due to his extensive touring in international globe (Gruen 115). His theatre enchanted millions of people around the world ever since it was found in 1958. The world’s view on American music, dance and African-American artistic changed when Alvin first performed. He performed with high-energy which stirred the souls of many people. Today, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre in America explores on Ailey traditions and contemporary grounds. Ailey’s desire and interest on arts and drawing can be traced back in his childhood when he discovered his potential in dancing while still in junior high school. Ailey used to sing spiritual songs in glee club and also wrote poetry which demonstrated his talent in languages. Ailey used to attend shows at Orpheum Theatre and Lincoln Theatre which inspired his vision of becoming choreographer. However, he was greatly influenced into choreographer by Lester Horton who taught him how to dance. While still in high school, Ailey and other students went on a trip to see Carmen De Lavallade who introduced him to Lester Horton studio in Hollywood (Goodman 110). Horton majorly influenced Ailey into choreography as he was both his mentor and advisor. Horton gave him the techniques and foundations with which Ailey managed to grow as an artist. Alvin Ailey first performed with a group of young modern black dancers in 1958 and this led to the birth of his Dance Theatre which grew into a big premier dance company in America. Ailey’s main vision with this company was to enrich American modern dance legacy by expressing black cultural integration. Ailey drew his “ blood memories” in Texas with his dance through spiritual, blues and gospel inspiration. Ailey’s choreographic work titled “Revelations” was a classic masterpiece which expresses what he experienced during his childhood. The dance is a piece of modern American dance based majorly on African-American religious legacy. “Revelat