ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Marketers need to understand the profile of their customers. This helps them to plan suitable marketing strategies that respond effectively to the needs of customers they are targeting. Marketers need to focus their activities towards satisfying customer needs and expectations. Firms need to identify their customers to profile their attitudes, behaviour and background. Lamb, Hair and McDaniel (2008, p. 77) reveal that customer profiling is an effective way through which firms are able to understand the likes and dislikes of their customers. This information helps marketers to plan effective marketing campaigns. Firms need to establish strong relationships with their customers. This is vital in improving the performance of their brands in the market. The society is dynamic and marketers need to understand the lifestyle changes which their customers are experiencing. It is necessary for marketers to understand the backgrounds of their customers by gathering crucial data and information about them. This enables firms to know their customers well. As a result firms are able to produce goods or services that satisfy each individual client’s expectations. Successful customer analysis is a valuable tool helps a firm to come up with products that appeal to customers effectively (Moore 2008, p. 47). This makes a customer to be loyal to a firm and its brands. Effective customer profiling gives a firm an advantage over its competitors within the market in which it operates (Tyalgi &Kumar 2004, p. 67). This essay discusses the benefits a firm can get by analysing customers through the use of mosaic. Analysis of the Mosaic Profiling System The mosaic consumer profiling system provides marketers with a dependable analysis of the specific customer segments they are targeting. Firms are able to get insights into different demographic groups of customers and how they behave. The mosaic system makes it possible for firms to structure their marketing campaigns to meet the needs of their customers. The analysis makes it possible for a firm to segment its customers according to their specific interests, background, age, income, ethnicity and social status (Experian 2009). Firms are able to understand the specific attributes of each segment. Afterwards firms formulate effective marketing programs which satisfy customers in these segments. Profiling and segmenting customers gives firms an opportunity to structure their sales operations to suit customer behaviour. Gould (2012, p. 116) argues that customers react well to marketing drives that understand and respond to their needs and feelings. A firm that understands its customers well comes up with marketing initiatives which improve the experiences of its customers when they are using their products. A firm needs to invest more in research to understand the best marketing approach it can use to have a competitive edge in its market. A firm can plan ahead to come up with strategic forecasts to help it achieve dominance in the market it serves. The mosaic profiling system uses
Introduction Innovation has contributed greatly to the comfortable existence of humankind. For instance, the invention of the telephone has made communication easy and almost boundless regardless of one’s place and time. The invention of penicillin was a great milestone in the world of medicine and it revolutionised medicine preparation as well as the refined form in which it comes, which has cut down the cases of fatal diseases and even most of those with no cure are now manageable. However, most innovations and inventions would not be possible without the incentive of protection of the intellectual property rights of the inventors. This age-old practice dates back as far as 500BC in Italy. 1 These rights include the right to earn profits from the inventions for a specific period and protection from infringement from other individuals by means of duplication of the invention or sale of the same without the inventor’s permission. It is for this reasons that governments all over the world establish intellectual property legislations that ensure the protection of the right. However, in the recent decades there have been severe violations of intellectual property rights, both domestically in various countries as well as internationally. Advancements in technology play a big role in the increasing number of violations as they allow more access to information on the inventions, making it easier to duplicate or steal them. The violation of intellectual property rights through counterfeiting and piracy is an issue that has mostly affected the conduct of trade and the benefits that accrue from such trade in countries worldwide, locally and internationally. It is for this reason that world governments have in the recent years made various efforts to curb the vice and improve trade while encouraging more innovations. This paper makes an analysis of the efforts made internationally and by local governments in various countries to enforce intellectual property rights and clarify the limitations and exceptions of these rights. The paper also aims at establishing the issues that should take priority from the steps that the international community has made so far. Enforcement of intellectual property rights Looking at Intellectual property from an economic point of view, it forms the basis for which to establish a monopoly for the inventor, both in production and sale of the same. In other words, the inventor becomes the only person or institution that produces the invention and the only person with permission to trade the invention for profit. 2 Any other person wishing to participate in business using the invention does so with the express permission of the inventor or faces punishment for infringement. The most common infringements of intellectual property legislation are piracy and counterfeit production of inventions. These infringements have various negative effects in the economy, both in a country’s macroeconomics and in international trade. 3 One such effect
The level to which people have controls over their own lives depends on key pillars that define the persons’ locus of control. The ways in which people recognize their self-identity, personality and subsequently construct a substantial formula for structuring and changing their perceived self-identities are essential elements in the determination of the magnitude of control people reserve for themselves. According to the movie Color Purple, Embroideries and Adultery: The case of Amina Lawal, the control that people have over their own lives stands out as restricted by their experiences shaped by external forces. In the Color Purple, Celie discovered herself identity through an aid of two women companions. It is upon discovering herself worth that she acquired mechanisms to change how she perceived herself. Celie was just one of the many women who underwent through strict dictation of what they deserved to do. Her right of self-control was eroded from her at an early age. “At fourteen she already had two children by her father”, who later disappeared forcefully from her based on the force subjected to her of marrying a widower: Albert Johnson. To Albert Johnson, Celie seemed more of a slave compare to a wife, “Albert makes her clean up his disorderly household and take care of his unruly children…often intimidating Celie into submission and near silence”. It seems evidently clear that people who do not have absolute autonomy to determine what to indulge in, in their lives like Celie, stand out as slaves. With all negative constrains over the years and no love given to Celie, she became quite, shy and afraid. Characters like Sofia have undergone gender-based seclusion and dictatorship until they have established the much-denied personal freedom to control their lives. She does not allow white male dominance to dictate her life anymore. Unfortunately, her battle against the white male dominance unlike Celie ends up in jeopardizing her extent of control. At the first time she is encountered in the movie, she appears like indomitable force that could unfold the white male dominance but unfortunately, “after she tells the local white mayor to go to hell” (Walker 6) her spirit is shuttered through jailing and beatings. She thus reverts to the original state of deterred self-control to the extent that she no longer has the opportunity to present her grievance. The white man’s decision to jail her is final and solid. In attempts to fit within predetermined social requirements, encounters stand clear in Embroideries by Marjane Satrapi, of
Neurons are the cells responsible for communication between other cells in the body. Neuron cells are electrically excitable and facilitate communication just like electric wires in an electric circuit. They are responsible for all communication in the body cell and without them transmission of information between cells system could not be possible. Neurons act as bridge communication between body cell and the brain (Bancroft, 1998, par 3). With them, communication between body systems and the brain is enabled through sending and receiving information signals. The brain is the central organ that facilitates communication between different body systems with the neurons facilitating transmission of information signals. Neurons enable the transmission through special unique receptors, connections and terminals in various specific regions of the central nervous system that are responsible for messaging processes. To facilitate transmission of message signal, neurons require neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are responsible transmission of signals between a neuron and a cell. Neurotransmitter relays amplify or modulate message signal appropriately (Best, 2008, par 3). It is through movement of neurotransmitters across a small gap referred to as synapse that communication between a neuron and another body cell is enabled. The neurotransmitters have various functions that consist of transmission, stimulation, regulation and inhibition of various varied body functions. In essence, neurotransmitters are responsible of facilitating communication between neurons and other cells and can be viewed as a bridge between them. Apart from facilitating communication between neurons and other body cells, neurotransmitters has great influence on behaviour. Neurotransmitters have majors in regulation of emotion, mood, sensory function, perception and affect therefore having great impact on behaviour. The transmitters that affect behaviour on a large scale include dopamine, noreponiphrine and serotonin (Best, 2008, par 7). The neurotransmitters are transmitted in various part of the brain and are motivated by varying factors. Release of Dopamine is usually motivated by rewarding condition such as food, sexual pleasure and drug. Dopamine has stimulating effect on an individual when they are released. It has various effects of cognition and behaviour, pleasure and motivation, regulation of sleep, motor activities, attention, sexual arousal, mood and learning. Norponiphrine produce effects such as stimulation and enhance alertness. It also has a major effect on learning and regulation of long-term memory. Serotonin, like Dopamine has an important role on controlling mood, memory, learning, sleep and other behaviour including sexual behaviour (Bancroft, 1998, par 4-7). Neurotransmitters, as mentioned, have effects that regulate emotion, appetite, sleep, sexuality and other factors. Because of their effect on these aspects of an individual, they have great influence on behaviour. Release and level of the transmitter affect the way an
Introduction The Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Businesses (SDVOSB) contracting program is a program that increases the chances of small businesses to win government contracts when certified as service-disabled veteran owned businesses. Businesses owned by a spouse or a caregiver of a physically or mentally impaired veteran may also get assistance under this program. The Small Business Administration (SBA) is charged with the responsibility of resolving disputes that may arise incase a competitor challenges the SDVOSB for a government contract (Government Accountability Office (GAO), 2010, p. 2). Even though a small business certified as an SDVOSB business has greater chances of winning government contracts compared to other firms, the SDVOSB set-aside rules, unlike the SDVOSB sole source, provide some exceptions. These rules include the Javits-Wagner-O’Day organizations, the Federal Prison Firms, the existing IDIQ contracts, Federal supply schedule Firms, Commissary sales and the requirements under the 8(a) of the program (GAO, 2010, p. 1). The SDVOSB Sole source has raised concerns over accountability, as there is no set standard for all SDVOSBs to qualify. In addition, besides the SBA, several federal agencies control various aspects of the SDVOSB program making the monitoring of these SDVOSB difficult. For an SDVOSB justification, noncompetitive procedures are used as specified by the Simplified Acquisition Threshold, which means that contracts may not be awarded on merit. The award of government contracts under the sole source justification to a qualified SDVOSB is largely unfair. Federal Set-Aside Program Normally, the Federal government reserves a certain proportion of its total contracts used for the procurement of services and property for small business groups (Miller, 2010). The government achieves this by “setting aside” or reserving the procurement (tota
Patient education is a crucial step toward addressing public health issues, particularly, the threat of colorectal cancer and the effects that the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may have on the outcomes of a bowel resection surgery, including the complications that it may entail. Specifically, as a nurse, one must introduce a teaching plan that will be used as the guide for a patient to follow when learning about the side effects caused by COPD in patients requiring bowel resection. By incorporating the elements of verbal and nonverbal communication strategies, a nurse will be able to introduce a patient to the key COPD-related management of bowel resection in a patient with COPD. In a nursing context, a teaching plan represents a fairly simple idea. Suggesting a series of steps to be taken in order to educate a patient about the disease and the means of recognizing and addressing the symptoms, a teaching plan implies building readiness and awareness in a vulnerable person (Potter et al., 2019). Remarkably, a teaching plan benefits not only a patient, but also a nurse. Specifically, a teaching plan allows a nurse to ensure that a patient complies with the proposed treatment strategies and can access the required services in case bowel resection is needed. In order words, a teaching plan increases patient autonomy and awareness, reducing the extent of health risk. To develop the teaching plan for educating a COPD patient about bowel resection and implement it accordingly, a nurse will need to embrace the opportunities that verbal and nonverbal communication strategies provide. Specifically, in nursing verbal communication can be defined as the communication method involving the use of words to convey essential information to the patient (Potter et al., 2019). In turn, nonverbal communication suggests using any other tool, including gestures, facial expressions, movements, and other devices that may potentially substitute the use of the spoken language to transfer data. For a nurse as an educator, the application of nonverbal communication is vital dude to the presence of patients from diverse ethnic, racial, and cultural backgrounds (Potter et al., 2019). Therefore, learning to use visual cues as the means of introducing a patient to a specific piece of information should be regarded as one of the primary ways of promoting awareness and risk management. There are two primary non-verbal communication factors to be borne in mind when developing an education program regarding the impact of COPD on the outcomes of bowel resection. First, it is vital to ensure that the nonverbal communication elements used in the process cannot be misinterpreted by the patient. Second, the nonverbal elements must be complementary to the verbal content and serve to reinforce its understanding as opposed to introducing new data, which means that instances of misunderstanding will be avoided. Moreover, since the patient does not have any background in health management or understanding of his i
Organizational overview In 1938, Bill Darden saw the potential and opportunity of opening up a restaurant. He materialized his dream by opening a 25-seater restaurant which he called The Green Frog, named after a hopping frog, for that was what its service was. 1 In the years that followed, the company Darden Restaurants was patronized by customers who saw the comfort of casual dining and soon it spread all throughout the many states of North America. Darden Restaurants Inc. is now the number one company whose strategy involves casual dining. It is a publicly held organization with an estimated $5.2 billion in annual sales, with about 1,860 2 restaurants all scattered in almost all states across the United States and Canada, and a workforce of about 180,000. Its restaurants are named according to its specialty, such as Red Lobster, Olive Garden, Smokey Bones, etc. 3 Red Lobster, which was a brainchild of William Darden in 1968, specializes in seafood. The progress of Red Lobster has been fast and astronomical because in 2005, sales reached $2.4 billion, registering an upward sales trend of 7.2%, with average sales reaching $4.4 million. 4 There are now 670 Red Lobster and 748 Olive Garden restaurants. Darden restaurants are their brands with unique food specialties. Darden Restaurants Inc. own and operate their restaurants in the United States, but they also have subsidiaries across the globe managing the restaurants. The top management realized the importance of partnerships. For this, they have joint ventures in other countries, like those in Puerto Rico and Japan which has 22 Red Lobster restaurants. 5 Darden does not allow franchising to its hundreds of restaurants. They do partner with local restaurant companies in other countries. With respect to earnings, the management has promised to increase earnings per share (EPS) and new methods in their restaurants to increase profits. One of these methods is diversification. They also have plans to penetrate school campuses and airports where they will apply combinations of restaurants, for example, Red Lobster and Olive Garden under one roof. 6 Major Competitors Restaurant business is a competitive business. There are young and sprouting restaurants in every place available because people love food. But there are competitors with a brand of their own. Darden Restaurants’ competitors include Carlson Restaurants Worldwide (CRW), a subsidiary of conglomerate Carlson Companies, which, like Darden, also strategizes on casual dining and has hundreds of restaurants across the United States and in more than 60 countries around the world. It has various specialties and menu selections including seafood. CRW’s strategies include franchising. Their seafood business is fast becoming popular, which is a threat to Red Lobste
Human behavior has been the subject of intense study ever since the first societies evolved. Romany gypsies, palmists, face readers and other practitioners of esoteric arts have used tenets of ‘cold reading’ to aid their interpretations. Corporate leaders who study and apply the basic tenets of behavioral psychology have been found to be better leaders. This essay aims to explain the basics of human interpersonal relationships as it applies to a corporate environment and is based on an observation of an interaction seen by me from a distance in an office building. The setting was a typical glass-walled business lounge where people outside the lounge can see who all are inside but cannot hear the conversation. The protagonists were two corporate members, one slightly elder in mid to late forties and the other slightly younger. The slightly elder person was better dressed in a high end suit while the younger worker was dressed in a shirt and tie. The elder man sat in a slightly elevated position at the head sofa while the younger one sat on the side sofa. By looking at just these two indications it was easy to judge that a Senior-Subordinate were in conversation. The clothes gave away the fact that the ‘suited’ man was the superior because normal corporate conventions demand that the higher echelons should be well dressed and dignified in appearance. The seating protocol with the elder person sitting in a superior position also indicated the seniority relativities between the two persons. It was obvious that the two were discussing a serious business matter from the look on their faces. The facial expressions were formal, grave and somber. The senior, hereinafter being termed as ‘Boss’ endeavors to maintain eye contact with the subordinate at all times. The subordinate on the other hand, obviously in some sort of difficulty resorts to looking away at times and cast furtive glances towards the walls to check whether others were observing them or not. The Boss after consulting a file, now assumes the classic ‘teaching’ posture’ of wagging his index figure while talking to the subordinate. It was evident that the contents of the speech were not very pleasant for the subordinate to hear and that he did not really agree with it. To signal his disapproval with the senior without really verbalizing, the subordinate crosses his arms, legs and assumes a wooden face. These are classic signs of ‘defensive posture’, a sign of someone ‘under attack’ who is withdrawing into his shell. Initially, the Boss not picking up the subtle cues being signaled by the subordinate, ups the ante by getting up, putting his hands on the hips, an ‘alpha male’ posture which we humans seem to have inherited from the great apes. The Boss now takes the file and opens it, waving it in front of the subordinate. He reads the contents of the file and the subordinate now shifts his crossed arms open and comme