ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The purpose of this paper is three-fold. First, the paper seeks to establish when the Dubai Airport Free Zones was established, and the main objective behind the establishment of the Free Zones. Secondly, the paper will highlight the contribution of Dubai Airport Free Zone to UAE’s economy, and then outline some of the advantages of Dubai Airport Free Zones. Finally, it will provide a comprehensive discussion on how this project promotes business in the UAE. Discussion According to World Trade Organization, the emergence of foreign investment, as well as globalization of trade in the last few decades has considerably exposed nations to competitive pressures present in the global economy. The worldwide trading rules that are stipulated by WTO provide economies with new opportunities, and precipitous challenges, as well. For national economies to succeed in such a competitive environment they need to pursue trade integration. One of the foremost instruments used in trade integration is the establishment of Free Trade Zones. When peace prevails among nations development will be registered in terms of smooth trade among nations and the citizens of different countries are free to exercise their knowledge and skills towards nation building. In the year 1966, the government of Dubai adopted a strategic plan to aid in advancing economic growth. The government objective was to create an economy that is investment driven. In the plan, the government established Dubai Airport Free zone. In UAE, Dubai Airport Free Zone is the greatest free zone since it harbours more than 1500 companies from various sectors. The industries that have established subsidiaries in the zone include aviation, manufacturing, ornaments and cosmetics, information technology, logistics and freights. In order to attract new and potential investors in the zone, the government provided an attractive package for international investors. The incentives include tax havens, quick approval procedures, extended leases, abundant and inexpensive energy, full
Introduction Statistic usage in scientific and medical journals has been a subject of review to many scholars over the recent past. Various scholarly journals have published systematic reviews of statistical techniques used in research. The reviews indicate significant room for improvement. More than half of researches published in academic journals contain some form of statistical errors. Although various errors are often recorded, the common ones include documentation error of statistical techniques employed and improper choice of statistical technique used in testing of hypothesis. This article evaluates the use of statistics in testing the effect of hot air in combination with Pichia guilliermondii on post-harvest anthracnose rot of loquat fruit. Main body The experiment set out to investigate how hot air combined with Pichia guilliermondii affects post-harvest anthracnose rot of loquat fruit. To achieve this, a number of parameters were investigated including heat treatment effect and P. guilliermondii on loquats quality, on loquats decay, on artificially inoculated infection, on spore germination and mycelial growth of C. acutatum, on SOD and CAT activity, and H2O2 contents, on PAL, POD and PPO activity, and lignin content and on activity of β-1, 3-glucanase. It is important to note that no clear hypothesis is illustrated at the onset of the experiment. However a pre-defined condition that will help shape the findings is produced whereby for each case a value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical approach employed in this experiment included the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). One-way variance analysis (ANOVA) is applicable in determination of whether a given factors e.g. drug treatment regime significantly affects another factor e.g. gene expression across various study groups. In such instance, a significant p-value derived from one-way ANOVA will show that gene is expressed differentially in at least one of the groups under evaluation. In case of more than one group being analyzed, one-way ANOVA fails to specifically indicate which group pair exhibits yields statistical differences. In such cases, post Hoc tests are applicable in determination of the specific pairs which are differentially expressed. In this experimental analysis, the effect of two factors on other parameters was tested. A closer critique of the stati
Avatar is one of the most successful films released in 2009. The main actors in the film are Sam Worthington; Michele Rodriquez and Stephen Lang. In the film, Jake Sully, a paraplegic visits a place called Pandora. While in this land, he learns that Parker Selfridge wants to drive off the natives of Pandora. Jake decides to help a military unit to gather intelligence information. He also wants to trick the natives of Pandora using an avatar identity. As he tries to bond with the natives, he falls in love with a beautiful alien called Neytiri. The Colonel in charge decides to exterminate the natives and the film ends when Jake is taken to another planet as a paraplegic war veteran. This planet is inhabited by the Navi, which is a humanoid race that has its own unique linguistic and cultural disposition. The film won awards for the best movie in visual effects, cinematography, and direction during academy awards. The use of the floating mountains in the film creates extraordinary visual effects. One of the best visually presented scenes in this film is the virulent destruction of the tower of Navi that goes down in flames after being attacked using missiles. This scene creates vivid memories of how the world trade center collapsed during the September 11 attacks in the year 2001. The visual presentation of the landscape with embers and ash during the collapse of the Navi tower highlights the gravity of the attack. The cinematography used in this film creates bioluminescence in the landscape. This is film uses computer-generated graphics and the use of CG in this movie is critical because it helps the film to respond well on IMAX. This ensures that attention is paid to little idiosyncrasies that may expose the frailties of filming. The use of 3D also gives the film an edge because the perspectives and the dimensions appear very natural (Cameron 2010). The depths of the 3D created in Avatar are very complicated and paying attention to every detail creates a highly captivating and scintillating effect. The absence of the usual visual gimmicky makes the film real and natural. The film
The physical components of a network that one commonly uses and the applications that it supports Networking is an essential process for the development and efficiency of any organization (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015). Despite the clarity of the term and its clear connection with the sphere of informatics, its functioning mechanism is complicated. Thus, it consists out of physical components and applications, and using my educational institution as an example will help understand its working concepts. Physical aspects are usually displayed in the form of the tangible elements of the network (Guo, Liao, & Liu, 2016). In the context of my educational institution, these matters are represented by PCs and cables that are necessary to ensure the quality of connection and allow users to communicate with each other. Alternatively, using modems, WLAN devices, and routers makes an Internet connection a possibility. It remains apparent that these physical matters and devices are usually utilized as a combination due to their interdependence. In turn, one cannot underestimate applications, as they ensure the actual flow of information while relying on the principles of programming (Guo et al., 2016). In this case, instant messaging and email systems are used to ensure the communication between administration, teachers, and students. It helps distribute important information rapidly and avoid misunderstandings. Simultaneously, the role of virtual classrooms and platforms such as Moodle and Blackboard cannot be underrated. These applications increase the accessibility of materials to the students and ease the educational process while making it more convenient and interactive. Overall, it could be said that physical elements of the network and applications have to be used simultaneously since they are aspects of equal importance to the system of networking. Necessity for Informatics Nursing Specialists to know programming languages Nowadays, the profession of Informatics Nursing Specialist revolutionizes the medical sphere. Due to the continuous changes in the business environment, technology became an essential component of the sufficient functioning of the healthcare system (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015). In this case, some medical practitioners tend to believe that knowing programming languages is an essentiality for the profession of Informatics Nursing Specialist, but others do not support this point. I believe that the representatives of this profession have to have a general understanding of the coding systems such as BASIC, C++, JAVA, COBOL, and MUMPS, as it can have a beneficial impact on finding a solution to the p
When making a life-changing decision to become a professional nurse, many undergraduates do not understand the scope of responsibility they accept in terms of this choice. Thus, according to the researchers, an impressive number of young specialists perceive nursing solely as a process of providing care and overlook the requirement to be educators and health promoters (Darch, Baillie, & Gillsion, 2017). However, despite the confusion, the nursing profession indeed encompasses the duty to educate the community, patients, and pre-registered nurses on the matter of healthcare tendencies and approaches. When speaking of the nurse’s role and responsibility as a health educator, the duties may be divided into the categories of nurse education, patient education, and community advocacy. In terms of patient education, there exists a variety of strategies to enhance the overall efficiency of the individual care plans, including:   * Using patient’s and family’s story to develop a tailored care pattern. This strategy presupposes communication with the patient and their surroundings to outline valuable information for a further treatment plan.   * Using case scenarios to showcase the peculiarities of treatment planning. Evidence-based strategies are, by all means, the most beneficial in terms of education, as they help nurses compare information to the current state of events and outline some valuable lessons from the case studies (Darch et al., 2017). Similar approaches may be addressed in terms of creating a health promotion program, as it is necessary to dwell on the current peculiarities in the field as well as the diachronic patterns of healthcare promotion. Moreover, when identifying the frameworks of personal care and overall health promotion, it is necessary to consider the notion of behavioral objectives, which stand for the measurable goals outlined in the process of treatment and education. These objectives may be utilized as milestones throughout the care plan or program to ensure efficiency in the long-term perspective. Reference Darch, J., Baillie, L., & Gillison, F. (2017). Nurses as role models in health promotion: a concept analysis . British Journal of Nursing , 26 (17), 982-988.
Introduction It should be noted that almost any living organism that has been alien in a particular environment can be considered an invasive species. They move to a new habitat from different parts of the planet where they used to live, and new conditions allow them to adapt to the setting successfully. After invasive species adapt to new conditions, they begin to conquer the territory and actively multiply displacing native populations (Enger & Smith, 2016). Many researchers emphasize that invasive species can adversely affect local flora and fauna, for this reason, they are often considered predators. Nonetheless, this effect does not appear immediately but in the course of several years with the increase in the population of the invasive species. The purpose of this paper is to review cane toad as an invasive species and to analyze its peculiarities. Characteristics The basic characteristics of invasive species type are that they are non-native and they do not have the threats to their further dissemination. As a rule, such dangers are the vultures or disease-causing living organisms that can serve as natural checks to the increase in the populace (Enger & Smith, 2016). Importantly, invasive species do not face any strong predators or organisms in the new habitat that might threaten their breeding. Another characteristic of this type of species is that the majority of them are generalists. It implies that they can adapt and live in various habitats and settings. Moreover, such as animals, plants, or organisms mature quickly, breed intensely, and their young have a high survival rate (Enger & Smith, 2016). In terms of other particular characteristics, invasive species have strong and efficient dispersal systems, and they can easily win in the competition with native organisms. Summary, Origin, and Relocation The cane toad is one of the representatives of invasive species that threaten the life of flora and fauna. Cane toad (or Rhinella marina ) was introduced in Australian Queensland in 1935 in order to fight with insect pests of sugar cane. The number of toads released on the territory was close to 60000; however, sugarcane plantations did not become suitable conditions for this species, and they spread throughout the territory while ignoring insect pests (Cogger, 2014). Thus, the introduction of an invasive species to control the size of another invader was not only ineffective but also led to uncontrolled consequences. This type of toad has warty, keratinized skin. Individuals of this species have dark brown skin with spots. The belly of the amphibian usually has a yellowish tinge. The cane toad has characteristic round glands and supraorbital ridges. On the hind legs, the individuals have leathery membranes. Due to the fact that this is a nocturnal amphibian, the toad has horizontal pupils. It should be stressed that this amphibian type is toxic. An individual of this species can weigh up to two kilograms and reach 23 centimeters in length (Cogger, 2014). Initially, the cane toad is from Central and South America; however, as
Introduction One of the factors that have led to increased cash holdings among US companies is the need to avoid a cash squeeze that may occur in the event of a reduction in external sources of funding. However, some investors believe that their companies should not hold excess cash. Specifically, they believe that excess cash should be used to finance share repurchase programs or be distributed as dividends to improve shareholder value (Grullon & Michaely 2004, pp. 651-680). This paper will highlight the reasons why investors are worried about companies that hold too much cash. In addition, it will discuss the funding option that Apple should use to repurchase its shares. Why Investors are Against Holding Too Much Cash A company is said to have too much cash if the level of its cash holdings exceeds that needed to finance its projects that have net positive present value (Tirole 2010, p. 89). Generally, a company’s cash balance is considered to be excessive if it exceeds the amount required to finance working capital. Cash holdings often increase as the company reduces its capital expenditure due to a decline in investment opportunities. In addition, improved operational performance in terms of persistent increase in profits and reduction in costs can lead to excess cash holdings. Investors are concerned about excess cash holdings due to the following reasons. First, excess cash reduces shareholder value by reducing the company’s returns on assets (ROA). Most companies invest excess cash in riskless assets such as treasury bills and commercial papers. These investments often have very low returns due to their low-risk profiles. Thus, if a company holds excess cash the value of its total assets will be hig
For projects to be successful they need to be monitored and evaluated efficiently and effectively. Several techniques are applied during the whole process of project monitoring and evaluations development. The most common is the most significant change technique (MSC). The MSC technique “is a form of participatory monitoring and evaluation” (Davies &Dart 2005, p.8). It is preferred as participatory because it involves different stakeholders who are involved in making decisive changes being recorded as well as analyzing the collected data (Ramalingam 2006, p.17; Dart & Davies 2003, 157). It qualifies as a monitoring technique because it is applied along the program cycle through the provision of valuable management information. On the other hand, it is considered as an evaluating technique because it able to provide required “data on impact and the outcomes” (Davies &Dart 2005, p.8; Serrat 2009, p.1) that is important in assessing a program performance. The MSC technique revolves around the gathering of vital changes that occur from the field and the significant stories (Mcdonald, Bammer & Deane 2009, p.57) are selected by the field staff. Upon the capture of the stories, the stakeholders sit down, loudly read the stories and engage in in-depth discussions. The MSC was developed by Rick Davies in 1996 (Coy n.d, p.3; Lunch, 2007, p.28) as way of monitoring and evaluating participatory “rural development programme in Bangladesh” (Willetts & Crawford 2007, p.367; Le Cornu, Peters, & Foster 2003, p.3). It was seen as the alternative for the complex monitoring and evaluation techniques. Lastly, when the techniques have been successfully implemented the teams focus on the impact the program would have. The essay explores the challenges that face successful application of the “most significant change” technique. Like any other technique, the most significant change technique is faced by numerous challenges. One of the challenges that face successful application of the MSC is the ability to make the staff in a project to adequately and fully understand the MSC (Davies &Dart 2005, p.55). Although it seems like a simple technique, most of the people find it challenging as it uses a different approach of monitoring and evaluating a project. This is because it is carried across multi-lingual and cross-cultural contexts with the aim of collecting the most successful stories. In these contexts, it may be dif
Edmonston, Barry and Smith, James. The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration . Washington: National Academy Press, 2007. The book under analysis provides exhaustive information on economic losses and gains from immigration both for the entire state and for particular regions. It also provides a solid foundation for public policymaking and discussion. The significance of the sources consists of the questions and ideas the authors examine. Their particular attention is paid to the potential impact of state and federal government budgets and on the size of the state population. Finally, the book reveals samples of measuring financial activities of the government with regard to expenditures and revenues of immigrant groups. Espenshade, Thomas J. and Belanger, Maryann. Immigration and Public Opinion In Marcelo M. Suarez-Orozco, ed. Crossings: Mexican Immigration in Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Cambridge, Mass. David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies and Harvard University Press, 1998 pages 365-403. In this article, the authors consider the prevailing theoretical and conceptual frameworks of the immigration issues being the main subject of policy and scientific debate. Taking a multi-disciplinal view on immigration, they evaluate the current immigration process from a social, psychological, anthropological perspective. In this respect, the book is of great value for the research on immigration because it incorporates historical and social perspectives as well as tangible shifts this process introduced to the United States at the beginning of the twentieth-first
Introduction Stress has been one of the leading challenges that humans face in their everyday life. Many psychologists have identified a factor that leads to physical, mental and emotional setbacks in growth and development of an individual. As a result therefore, a lot of studies have been conducted in this field. These studies aim at identifying the main causes of stress and how they can be controlled. This will ensure that humans achieve the goals, targets and dreams that have set in their lives. Stress is a great hindrance to success in a person’s life. It can lead to ill-health; physical, emotional or both. Have you ever been in a situation in the work place or had a family crisis that led to elevated stress levels? High stress levels have been directly associated with certain illnesses such as ulcers of the stomach, insomnia, persistent headaches, anxiety and so on. Stress is major hindrance to activities that we are involved in daily. It can affect the ability of an individual to perform his roles and duties at work, the manner in which an individual relates with others within the societal context and most importantly, the ability of an individual to perform well in education. To narrow down on the diverse nature of stress, this paper shall focus on one of the mechanism that has been identified as a possible solution of controlling stress levels in individuals. This mechanism is known as self-affirmation. To test on its validity and effectiveness, the mechanism was tested within the context of health and education. Health and education are very sensitive in nature. As a result, stress may affect the mental, physical, emotional and cognitive abilities of an individual hence affecting his/her performance and stability in a negative way. Due to this fact, several studies that have been conducted suggest that self-affirmation can be applied to control stress levels that in turn will increase the overall health condition and performance of an individual. To expound on this theory, this article critically analyzed two empirical studies. The first study was conducted by Creswell et al (2005) and focused on affirmation of personal values while the second stu