Norms of International Law International laws are rules generally accepted by states or nations to serve as a framework for harmonious international relations. Laws that apply to states are called international public laws, while those that govern conflict between individuals are called private international laws. Norms of international, federal law are based on consistent state practice, opinion Juris , peremptory norms (also referred to as jus cogens ), and codifications or treaties. Peremptory norms (Jus cogens) are widely accepted principles of international law from which no exemption is allowed. True, there is no universal agreement on precisely what constitutes jus cogens. However, it is generally accepted that jus cogens include a prohibition on all acts of genocide, prohibition on slavery, torture, maritime piracy, and wars of aggression or territorial invasion (Bederman 105). Opinio Juris sive necessitates simply means an opinion of law or necessity and is the second element in customary international law. Opinio Juris is used alongside state practice (which is more objective) to establish a legal obligation. Opinio Juris is basically a subjective element of belief that state action is carried out of a legal obligation. It means that the effects of a state must not be merely out of political gimmick but rather out of a sense of legal liability. True, it is difficult to prove why a state acted in a certain way. It is even more challenging to determine why it did not work in the first place. Thus, developing a legally binding international law based on the prohibition of practice is impossible (David 57). A variety of sources are used to provide evidence of the existence of opinion Juris . Such evidence includes government policy, official press releases, official government manuals, international judicial decisions, state ratified treaties, United Nations resolutions, among others. However, these sources only build a logical framework and only apply for customary laws that already have existing norms. It becomes a challenge if a new usual rule emerges. Sources of International Law General principles, common law, international customs, and treaties have been listed under Article 38.1 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as the primary source of international law. Other causes that have been designated as subsidiary are “judicial decisions and scholarly writings” (Slomanson 80). National laws can also become international laws by a delegation of federal jurisdiction. A good example is the International Criminal Court (ICC), in which member states have signed a treaty that delegates national sovereignty to supranational tribunals. Therefore sources of international law are diverse and have been influenced by political theories and legal practices (Yun 23). Most international laws are consent-based, and issues of state sovereignty always come as a priority. Although states can limit such independence by consent when signing treaties or when joining international conventions, they can also easily revoke such consent with no legal repercussions. This is because there is almost no effective mechanism to compel states to