ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction/ Methodology This dissertation embarks on explaining democratic theory and the historical context of Lenin’s arguments in his writings. Moreover, it explores the changing world systems after the Second World War and the interest on the concept of democratic peace as captured in the abstract. Additionally, the dissertation argues that Lenin’s thesis is the most applicable in fostering democratic peace taking into account that his arguments need to be examined to promote updated changes in the world political economy. It is also significant to note that the theory of democratic peace has been criticized alongside defending Lenin’s model of imperialism. Furthermore, the dissertation has largely explored the implications of two theories to the changing world order. The Democratic Peace paradigm In this dissertation, the concept of democratic peace is highly accommodated among citizens who argue that the mechanism compels various governments to be accountable to their citizens. Therefore, there could be no circumstance any government would wage war without considering its citizens. In this case, democracy enforces peace and respect among states. It is indeed possible to analyze that the mechanism was adopted after the World War II and incorporated into liberal internationalist political norm. Since then, there have been no incidences of war between two liberal democracies. Therefore, democracy has enhanced remarkable peace among liberal states since they adopt hegemonic values that foster peaceful relations. Moreover, peaceful relations among liberal states have made them match to modernity, a factor that has triggered pro-democracy revolutions in Middle East and North Africa. The reason behind these revolutions is to reform their systems to become democratic like those of the western world. This is due to the fact that democratic societies have little tendency to wage war against each other since there are mitigation measures which are usually put in place. Of great importance to note is that the concept of democracy was adopted and reinforced by neo-liberal and neo-conservative scholars after the collapse of Soviet Union. Needless to say, democratic peace paradigm contrasts Marxist’s view that capitalism is destructive and warlike. One can therefore argue that expansion of democratic states across the globe will foster world peace. Lenin in context The rise of imperialism Imperialism has been defined as the ability to influence world economic processes at the expense of gaining national power (Hudson 2003, p. 2). This has been witnessed from the effects of global economic depression o
Animal and human skin age in biologically complex processes, which are highly influenced by various factors. The factors that affect the rate at which the skin ages are either intrinsic or exogenous (Poljšak & Dahmane, 2012). Apparently, the human skin is considered an indicator of attractiveness, and the wellbeing of an individual. As such, people adopt various methods and techniques to reduce the rate of skin aging. This essay discusses some of the methods that are applicable in the endeavors to delay the skin aging process. First, nutrition plays a significant role in overall human development and aging. The skin aging process, therefore, can be delayed by appropriate dieting. Research has shown that some foods and fruits contain anti-oxidant characteristics, which help in keeping the skin young and delaying aging (Schagen, Zampeli, Makrantonaki, & Zouboulis, 2012). Anti-aging foods include carotenoids, vitamins, specific proteins, flavonoids, among others. In addition, it is imperative to have a balanced diet. Further, the skin can maintain its vigor and youth if a person has a strong digestive system. Research has linked accelerated skin aging to gastrointestinal problems. It is, therefore, prudent to strengthen the digestive system by observing good eating habits. For instance, people should avoid eating huge sizes of food in single servings. Instead, small but regular servings should be considered. In addition, people should take food when they feel hungry and not immediately before sleeping. Further, proper defecation should be observed while treating constipation promptly (Leung, Riutta, Kotecha, & Kotecha, 2011). Third, the skin aging process can be delayed by proper skincare. For instance, human skin should be massaged regularly with the appropriate oil. It is worth noting that people have specific oiling needs and, therefore, it is imperative to select the most appropriate ointments and oils. In addition, rubbing should be done in moderation and periodically (Shirbeigi, Iranzadasl, Mansouri, Hejazi, & Aliasl, 2015). Perfect examples of oils that delay skin aging incl
Three Men in a Room written by Seymour Lachman is a good summary of those events, which some of us have already read in the newspapers, or for those, who had no time for that. But, nevertheless, it is worthy to read. This book brings up to date about indifference in State legislature and Lahman’s methods to solve this problem. Lachman, before being elected to the New York State Senate, served as President of the New York City Board of Education and University Dean of the City University of New York. Then he left his seat in the New York State Senate after four terms, and in the book Three men in a Room he conveys his attitude and ideas concerning State legislature. He calls for making reforms. Three Men in a Room is the exposure of how one of the most powerful governments has become a great example of ineffective and undemocratic governance. This book outlines Lachman’s shock about the legislature. As Lachman points out on the pages of his wonderful and useful book: “It was something just like the meeting where I was handed my seat, and nothing else” (Lachman 17). In his book Three Men in a Room, the author describes the situation and the problems which take place in statehouses throughout the country. He describes that the legislative committees worked only in name. Three Men in a Room concerns the Governor, the Senate Majority Leader and the Assembly Speaker. These three men decide all laws. As the author mentions, “this legislative and governmental process is distorted because of that fact, that there is no democracy” (Lachman 23). And, that is why Lachman calls Albany “one of the country’s most secretive and misruled statehouses” (Lachman 24). The three men “hold virtually all the cards”: they allocate budget, sign all the papers, hire and fire the staff, “run all the services that legislators rely on, form publications to payroll” (Lachman 17). Lachman admits that during the legislative session, most legislators are “as attorneys, real estate brokers, or insurance executives”. Lachman describes how Bruno wanted to give him bribery for the Republican Party and to vote with the party. Lachman also makes a comment about “bipartisan” and writes “means in effect that each party lets the other one do as it wishes I the chamber it dominates” (Lachman 67). And he calls for change: to organize an independent and non-party commission in order to monitor the districts. Seymour Lachman explains that state governments have a great power. As Lachman points out that the people of New York have little information about the fact who makes their laws and how, in what needs money are spent. Lachman writes that “New York State does not conform to generally accepted accounting principles” (Lachman 44). And he adds: “It runs on a cash-based system worthy of a Prohibition speakeasy or a nineteenth-century political machine” (Lachman 45). Lachman describes that all political power in New York is under the rule of three men: the Governor (George Pataki), Senate Majority Leader (Joseph Bruno) and Assembly Speaker (Sheldon
This paper provides a sophisticated overview of a successful franchise development as well as the factors that influence their work efficiency. The study focuses on the firm that overtakes Hard Rock Hotel brand. The franchise development includes some distinct stages. First, it is crucial to determine the indivisible inputs that are provided by the owner of a firm. The indivisibility implies that a particular input can not be estimated below a fixed price ( Economies of scale and scope, 2008). The business conception of the Hard Rock Hotel is based on the appliance of a particular interior, which incorporates musical instruments and the sound imitation services. Thus, the indivisible inputs are comprised of the setting elements as well as the installation of a specific sound system that follows the system of the original project. The Characteristics of Perfectly Competitive Firms The competitive qualities of a business are predetermined since the time of its development. A successful franchise usually matches the needs and requirements of the target auditorium as well as follows the pattern of an original establishment or service. Finally, it is crucial for any firm owner to ensure that the business conception is in some way better and more elaborate than the ones of the rival companies. The perfectly successful companies share the distinct characteristics. First, they are based on highly efficient communication system (Chiou, Hsieh, & Yang, 2004). It mainly applies to the issue of franchise marketing. Second, a competitive firm uses valuable, high-quality materials and resources, which elaborates the performance results and attracts customers (Newbert, 2008). Third, an excellent company work principles dwell on the constructive innovation in the world of information technology since the modern world of convergent high-tech regularly updates the work standards (Rivard, Raymond, & Verreault, 2006). The Hard Rock Hotel franchise complies with three basic notions of competitiveness. Thus, the management of the enterprise establishes a strong foundation of customers supports as well as advertising politics, which uplifts the principles of communication efficiency. Besides, the hotel administration uses exclusively original resources such as brand furniture models, and identical service functions since it replicates the genuine atmosphere of the successful firm. Finally, the hotel is supplied with the newly-developed connection tools that maintain a contact between a client and a receptionist as well as other essential services. The R
Athena is one of the main characters of the great epic story “Odyssey” by Homer. She is a goddess, but she finds it necessary to help Odysseus in all his voyages, fights, challenges, and disguises. As she is a goddess, she has to conceal her essence. For this purpose she uses disguises in her appearance and in the appearance of Odysseus. She does not use disguises to entrap someone, but to protect Odysseus from vicious dangerous people, to help him in his challenges. It is surprising to see such a parallel as “the narrator has more in common with Athena, whose interventions ‘from above’ he records, than he does with Odysseus. This would be an accurate assessment were it not that Athena herself adopts Odysseus’ perspective, confirming his bent toward suspicion and disguise intervening only to further the goals he has himself set” (Doherty 174). Thus, in successive parts Athena assumes the aspect of female less often, which makes her and Odysseus the constituent parts of the hero’s image. Athena goes down from Olympus having the appearance of Mentes. She looks for Telemachus, Odysseus son, who is sitting amongst his mother’s admirers. The goddess makes Telemachus believe that his father is alive, and sets him against those admirers. Odysseus was creative and capable of great endurance, and the gods paid heed to him, and it was due to his temper. Athena recognized in Odysseus a male person identical to herself, so she feels urgent to carry of him as of her own son. Moreover, the great goddess managed to recognize in Telemachus a devoted son. The boy is young, so in his position some incitement is required to take control on the situation. In fact Athena conducted Telemachus’ change to virility and advised him how to arrange everything. Though she was disguised at the moment she showed herself to the boy, Telemachus understood that he had faced a god (Moore 1). More about The Odyssey Why Does Odysseus Go to The Underworld? 4.4 1902 How does Athena help Odysseus? 5 2657 Why Odysseus is an Example of a Dynamic Character? 5 1869 Which events are part of the road of trials in Odysseus’s heroic quest? 5 525 What makes Cyclops ask Poseidon to interfere with Odysseus’s journey home? 5 156 Why does Zeus tell the story of Aegisthus to Athena? 5 474 Athena is Odysseus’ companion, his deity-counterpart. She is able of taking any appearance, “to take on strategic disguises in order to slip out of the traps set for him along the way”; ability of being in disguise appears to be a powerful weapon of the hero. Finally the main character turns to Ithaca; only disguise helped him to take the matters into his hands (Hawhee 51). Athena helps Odysseus during his adventures. Both father and son
Introduction Heidegger is considered to be the father of existentialism but his ideas are drawn from the 19 th -century writers Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. Kierkegaard’s writing is developed in the context of his approach to Christianity, while Nietzsche’s thesis lies in the death of God. Both believed that singularity (“me”) is not seen through the traditional philosophy and that the emphasis should be either on what follows natural objectivity or what conforms to the accepted principles of moral reasoning. Main body Kierkegaard’s comparative study covers the conflict between ethics and religious faith. For example, it is the personal sense of following the will of God and it will bring meaning into life. In his book Fear and Trembling , Kierkegaard wrote that life becomes meaningful only when the person raises himself to the universal through bringing the natural desires under the law of morality (Copleston 1993). Thus, individuality is lost because the laws are the same for all, but life becomes meaningful in the sense of understanding. Kierkegaard has raised the important philosophical question: if there is the dimension to being which is meaningful and not governed at the same time, by what standard is it governed then? He has provided the answer to this question: subjectivity is the truth. This idea serves as the prototype of the existential concept of reliability. Nietzsche sought to understand the results of God’s death and the break-up of theistic support for moral norms. He lived in the period when the basic readings of the Bible were eroded and Darwinism’s influence was increasing. For Nietzsche, existence is the philosophical problem which deals with the distinction between moral autonomy (following the moral laws) and autonomy beyond good and evil. If the existence is meaningful, then there has to be the standard by which success or failure is measured (Copleston, 1993). For example, saying that the piece of art has style means applying the standard for judging it. Thus, existence is measured with some style as well: creating the meaning in the world from which all superior supports fall away and giving the authentic shape to a person’s passions. Both Nietzsche and Kierkegaard sought to analyze the meaning of life. If Kierkegaard perceived existe
Introduction In early nineteenth century, the Europeans invaded Native Americans with the aim of civilizing the Indian people. This movement posed a serious negative impact to the indigenous people due to the mounting pressure that was being exerted on them by the European missionaries. This marked the evolvement of different strategies that were used by the Indians to counterattack the expansion of the American territories (Dowd, 16-18). This American movement was basically referred to as the Civilization Mission and it sought to make good citizens out of the Indians. However, the mechanisms used were not encouraging to the Indians. They used coercion and deception to accomplish their mission, and for this reason, several strategies were established against them (Dowd, 139-142). Main Text First, the dense population of indigenous people was a major obstacle to the spread of American civilization and the Indians took this as an advantage to them to counterattack the movement. However, this did not work well and the most important strategy that was employed was in the form of “prophetic nativism” which involved prophecies of hope made by the Indian people and some against the white people (Dowd, 144). In the years 1795 and 1815, there arose some individual prophets and few groups of Indians who claimed to have a supernatural power and inspiration from God. They challenged the Indian leaders who called for Europeans to be incorporated in their political and cultural structures. Being united in a shared ritual demanded for power and turning to the spirits, the prophets openly sought support against the leaders who in their tribes had given out part of their land to the Europeans. For this reason the prophetic groups of Shawnees, Delaware and Creeks parted with those who had accommodated them and formed a union whose role was to counter the expansion of the Europeans, an effort that came hand in hand with the war that took place in 1812 (Dowd, 181 ). The nineteenth century teachings from some of the Indian prophets were negative prophecies made against the Indian citizens. For example; the vision of a Delaware woman who warned that “If the Big House Ceremony were not celebrated with care, a whirlwind would soon wipe out the people completely
The current economic scenario is characterized by extreme dynamism, where companies arise and disappear continuously. To survive and thrive in this highly competitive market, companies need to be flexible and innovative (Jacobi, 2014). However, it is not always easy to have access to the required amount of resources to pursue innovation, and many firms decide to go public to obtain extra capital from external investors. One of the most common ways to go public and gaining capital is by an initial public offering (IPO). Going public offers a series of certain advantages besides the raising of resources, but some shortcomings should also be taken into consideration. This paper will analyze some benefits and disadvantages of going public. The decision of taking a company public can arise for different reasons. In the current market, it usually stems from the necessity of raising funds to overcome competitors: the high level of competition pushes companies to pursue competitive advantages by searching product innovation, process innovation, position and paradigm innovation (Akgun, Keskin, Ayar, & Etlioglu, 2017). However, the yearly revenue is not always adequate to afford the costs of research and implementation of the projects, and going public through an IPO is the easiest and quickest way to generate capital. IPOs play a key role in the current economic environment, as they allow companies to raise equity finance and investors to have a tradeable asset (Jenkinson, Jones, & Suntheim, 2016). IPO refers to the first stock sale of a company, and the accumulation of capital, arguably the most immediately evident advantage in going public. Besides financial benefits, taking a company public brings other advantages, including a strong effort toward innovation, and increased reputation. Considering that the need for improvement within the organization is often a motivation for going public, it does not surprise that the new capitals allow a company to develop innovative strategies to compete in the market successfully. Also, increased reputation is a logical consequence: diversified investors and transparency of the business enhance the firm reputation (Bernstein, 2014). Reputation means credibility and visibility, hence, the ability to attract public interest and capitals. Innovation and reputation offer the opportunity to analyze two disadvantages of going public. The first relates to a consistent decrease in the innovation drive after the initial phase. Following the transition from the private to the public sphere, companies experience a diaspora of skilled innovators (Bernstein, 2014). The reasons stem from a changing of the market positioning strategies of companies, that tend to reduce uncertainty factors and to favor stability. While increased steadiness might be a management decision, it leads to a loss of credibility among those investors attracted by the innovation drive of the company. Similarly, going public can undermine reputation in certain circumstances, where the nature of the public investments might lead to bias complaints. A recent example concerns Moody’s, whose re
Dylan Thomas and Philip Larkin are poets with unmistakably distinctive voices of their own. While the poetry of the Welsh bard appeals to the senses and the emotions, Philip Larkin, the University librarian of Hull is much more intellectual, even somewhat excessively self-deprecating. If one makes a contrastive and comparative study of the poems of these highly individual master poets one cannot fail to be struck by the difference in their attitude towards life and death, towards matters of perennial interest such as the relation between man and nature, man and man, man and God and similar questions of eternal significance. Representative poems that have been selected for detailed examination are “The Force that through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower” and “Fern Hill” by Dylan Thomas, and “Church Going” and “The Whitsun Weddings” by Philip Larkin. The force of Dylan Thomas’s feeling is as apparent in the short poem “The Force that through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower” as in the significantly longer “Fern Hill.” Thomas’s melancholy seems to derive from his awareness of the possibility of death even in his ‘green age’—the prime of his youth. This feeling gains poignancy because of the fact that Thomas did, indeed, die rather young, before completing the fourth decade of his life. “The Force that through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower” brings out clearly the poet’s idea of the kinship of all forms of life—vegetable, animal and human. The same principles govern the growth, decay and death of all living things. The green flower blooms according to the same natural instincts that bring about the destruction of the roots of mighty trees. it is also noteworthy that the poet bemoans too the fact that with all the poetic gifts at his disposal he is still dumb to tell the crooked rose My youth is bent by the same wintry fever.” This is perhaps natural empathy at its purest—emapathy not just for people or even animals but the feeling of natural affinity with something as far removed from human interests as (not Burns’s “red red rose”) but the “crooked rose.” This is pathetic fallacy in reverse—the poet regrets the fact that while the rose speaks to him, he, unfortunately, cannot return the favour. Thomas establishes the same kinship with the “water in the rocks”, the “mouthing streams” the “water in the pool” “the quicksand”, and ‘the blowing wind.” There can, however, surely be nothing more stark than his insight that I am dumb to tell the hanging man How of my clay is made the hangman’s lime. The starkness of this image can be traced to the thought expressed in the final lines of the poem that the “lips of time leech to the fountain head.” This thought now leaves Thomas “dumb to tell a weather’s wind” how “time has ticked a heaven round the stars.” Equally, it leaves him as “dumb to tell the lover’s tomb” how “at my sheet goes the same crooked worm.” The ‘crooked rose’ of the first stanza links to the “crooked worm” of the final stanza, reminding the reader that the worm of death is always inseparable from the rose of desire. “Fern Hill”, by Thomas may appear some