ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The purpose of the present report is to determine if there is a direct correlation between the age of drivers and blood ethanol concentration after a car crash. In order to achieve the desired goal, a set of data consisting of eight variables was used. The variables included gender of the driver (categorical), age of the driver (continuous), type of car crash (categorical), the blood level of tetrahydrocannabinol in ng/ml (continuous), blood ethanol concertation (ml/L), cannabis preparation (categorical), and neuromuscular coordination score (continuous). The sample size was 363 participants, among which 141 were female, and 222 were male. The present report uses descriptive statistics, an independent sample t-test, and Pearson’s R to perform the analysis. Background Information Drinking and driving is responsible for a car percentage of car accidents worldwide. According to Zhao, Zhang, and Rong (2014), alcohol consumption contributes between 31% and 34% of traffic accidents in different countries of the world. Empiric research demonstrates that ethanol concentration in the blood of drivers affects their concentration, attitude, judgment, vigilance, perception, reaction, and controlling (Edvardsen et al., 2017; Zhao, Zhang, and Rong, 2014). In particular, higher ethanol concentration in the blood of drivers is associated with impulsive and adventurous behavior, and the speed of driving is positively correlated with the amount of alcohol consumed (Zhao, Zhang, and Rong, 2014). Even though recent research demonstrates that mono-intoxication rarely becomes a cause of fatal accidents, alcohol consumption is associated with an increased chance of administering illicit drugs, which positively influences the chance of fatal accidents (Edvardsen et al., 2017). Since drinking leads to dangerous behaviors on the roads, higher ethanol concentration is associated with higher chances of fatal traffic accidents. Different age groups administer alcohol with different patterns. In particular, the age group between 18 and 24 consumes the highest amount of alcohol; however, the 25-44 age group consumes almost as much (CDC, 2017). From 45, the average alcohol consumption steadily decreases with an increase in age (CDC, 2017). However, alcohol affects different age groups with different intensities. Older people have a lower tolerance to alcohol, as muscle mass is replaced by fat tissue as people age (DrinkWise, no date). This implies that older people will have a higher ethanol concentration in their blood than younger people. At the same time, the bodies of older people experience more difficulties with excretion of alcohol (DrinkWise, no date). Moreover, due to polypharmacy, there is a high risk that alcohol will cause adverse drug events, which may lead to impaired driving (Edvardsen et al., 2017). Thus, alcohol has different effects on the body, depending on age. In general, younger people drive less responsibly than thei
Executive Summery The ever-changing scopes of trade and marketing have altered business operations across many sectors such as college education (Joshi, 2005). The world economy has been globalized in many different ways and the ever emerging market instruments have altered the scope and nature of education-resource management and learning-centered marketing in many different countries. Indeed, globalization in education has increased exchange of ideas and market expansion for many schools and universities in many countries like Australia and its trade-blocks. In many different ways, various marketers have argued that the practice of restricting a school’s client base to the notion of ‘‘nation-state’’ and traditional methods of education is nearly being overturned by the current trade patterns and market-driven educational demands (Kegan & Wagner, 2006). In a nutshell, the findings of this research have justified the often-mentioned empirical conclusion that the scope of higher education is changing. What has come into view is that various economic demands and enabling socio-political atmospheres as well as the widespread adoption of technology have created new platforms for local and international educational processes and needs for the modern-day university. Clearly, the Federation University Australia (FeUA) seems to have recognized that a school’s visibility and marketing progress are limited when it faces its challenges as a single entity and within the traditional measures of education. Two, while the school still needs to improve on its teaching strategies, the marketing practices and students’ demands seem to have changed in Australia’s educational sector. These changes have affected marketing trends and student options in relation to the school’s local and international educational challenges. Three, schools such as the Federation University of Australia are now positioning themselves as entities propped up by the desire to achieve higher levels of market competiveness and more international relevance. Indeed, in the new international trade environment and educational processes, service provision in many schools has become unavoidable targets for the widely-acclaimed purposes of value addition . Unsurprisingly, however, some marketing (learning measures) and perception-boosting plans have not led to the desired outcomes. Four, based upon the scrutiny of various valid responses, it is evident
Childhood overweight and obesity are amongst the global grievous health problems in contemporary society. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of children who are overweight was more than 60 million in 2018 (as cited in Wadden & Bray, 2019). The health risks associated with diabetes are dire and wide-ranging (Wadden & Bray, 2019). Some of the problems children in this condition suffer from are neurological, endocrine, pulmonary, gastroenterological, and orthopedic ones. The factors that put children at risk of obesity include gender, parental weight, lifestyle, and the socio-economic status of the family. School-age children who are obese have high chances of risk factors of cardiovascular ailments and other health conditions related to weight such as sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes. They also experience psychological stress and some of them perform poorly in school. Various health specialists have been trying to address the problem using different strategies. For instance, medical professionals examine the consequences on the mental and social health of the affected children (Wadden & Bray, 2019). The type of intervention depends on the gravity of the condition. Obesity is a global problem amongst school-age children but there is no consensus on the most effective ways of treating it. This study will therefore try to investigate the most successful way of treating obesity amongst adolescents and children. The treatment options for adolescents and children comprise non-medical strategies which include dietary changes, physical activity, and medical methods such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. Recent studies indicate that a combination of medical and surgical methods is effective in the reduction of the severity of the problem in children and adolescents (Wadden & Bray, 2019). There is more evidence showing that children who are in severe obese conditions do not effectively respond to non-surgical interventions (Wadden & Bray, 2019). The research concludes that the medical methods in the treatment of diabetes are the most effective. The medical professionals have opted for surgical ways of treatment because of their high level of efficacy. The term bariatric surgery refers to different invasive procedures conducted on children to restrict the intake of food which eventually reduces the absorption of nutrients. The reduction of the nutrients in the body helps in mitigating the effects of obesity (Wadden & Bray, 2019). The method is the most effective if the condition of the patient is severe. Aims and Objectives This investigation purposes to answer the question: What are the advantages of treating diabetes in children using medical techniques? What are some of adverse effects of diabetes on school-age children?
Biography of Naguib Mahfouz Naguib Mahfouz was born on the eleventh day of December 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to middle class parents. He grew up in Gamaliya district and this provided him with rich content that saw the writing of Cairo Trilogy. With time, his family migrated to Abbasiya suburb which was a little bit upscale. Naguib read many detective novels of British origin and this stirred him up to become a writer. He went to elementary schools of Islam orientation before he moved to a secular secondary school. He published his first article when he was 17 years old and joined King Fouad University after high school. Before Mahfouz turned 21, his first novel was published and attained a degree in philosophy. He worked in the ministry of culture where he served as a director before terminating his service in the government when he headed the State Cinema Organization (Aucpress, 2010). Naguib had an unrelenting desire of becoming a writer and as a result, he began writing at the tender age of eleven years. His first writing was published when he was seventeen years old. He finished writing Cairo Trilogy in 1952 but failed to get a publisher till the decade ended. The failure to get a publisher disturbed Mahfouz so much that he decided to focus on writing screenplays and short stories. However, the trilogy was published by a certain monthly journal. The publication of the Trilogy gave Mahfouz unprecedented recognition as he was rated one of the best Arabic authors. However, he was not widely known outside his country until his trilogy was announced the winner of 1988 literature Nobel Prize. He is recognized as a writer who provided a glimpse that had never been witnessed in the daily lives of Egyptians. He was described by many as an author who introduced Arab literature to the rest of the world. Mahfouz started writing novels again and produced Children of Gebelawi. The novel which first featured in a newspaper contained religious overtones that caused Islamic conservatives to be agitated. The novel did not pass for publication as a book and Mahfouz continued getting threats but he did not stop till 1994. Egyptian extremists were against him, igniting enmity that caused him to be stabbed outside his home building. This caused a serious injury on the hand Mahfouz used to write with. He went for rehabilitation to recover but the wound still gave him problems when writing. The attack did not dampen his spirit and he maintained a social life in Cairo though he was a bit shy (imdb, 2011). Mahfouz won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1998 making him
Introduction The history of a country or state serves as an important component to progress and development. History teaches about the past of a particular people, community, society, and so forth. Freedom is a state of one being in a position to express his own ideas, establish them and being treated in accordance to his wishes. On the other hand, progress is an act of a country improving from one level to another in various aspects, be it economical, political, social or even moral aspects. In order for a community to calculate its progress and recent achievements, it is always in order to consider where they have come from, learn from past success and failures, embrace what would be helpful from the past, and amend the failures to avoid a repeat of the mistakes, giving room for modernization, industrialization, and advancements. On learning about history, many ideologists emerge with distinct visions that are sometimes interrelated, though others are contrasting concerning what freedom civilization and progress aspects are. Thus, this paper will aim at investigating the history of America. Additionally, it will seek to find out the visions that have been put forward concerning freedom and the American progress from the perspective of American Indians. More over, it will seek to establish the comparison and contrast of the visions about freedom and progress of America, as well as the idea of civilization that has occurred in the distinct ethic communities [1] . The history of the United States and its characteristics The United States, being one of the most famous and prominent countries in the world, has a kind of memorable history. It is characterized by various events that have helped to shape its future. In addition, it was among the first states to gain full independence during the early 19 th century, and at the same time, witnessing tremendous events whose end marked the beginning of progress. First, the country faced the challenge of colonization by British and other forces who caused the country’ freedom to be deprived. It was also marked by the presence of different ethnic communities who had conflicting ideas about progress, civilization, as well as freedom. Moreover, there was rampant slavery, which had emanated from colonization, depriving people of their rights and freedoms and causing many to rise up in questing for freedom. Furthermore, the economic, political and social status was poorly developed, thus it needed some critical attention. More important, the United States was not an exception when it came to the world wars touching almost all European states; this is evidenced by participation in the World War I and World War II, as well as the Cold Wars, events that awakened them to stand strategically in the rec
According to Goffman (1963, p. 89), social stigma is a process whereby reactive approach from society destroys the existing normal identity of a person. The author further defines social stigma as a process of disapproving personal characteristics and beliefs which are considered to be against societal norms and beliefs. Goffman in his work identifies three types of stigma. To begin with, he explores life long experience which may result from mental illness. The second aspect is that he attempts to address physical deformity or distinct traits which are undesired. Lastly, the aspect of associating an individual with certain beliefs, race or religions which are undesired in society has also been given special consideration by Goffman. Therefore, his definition of stigma can be viewed in different perspectives depending on how he presents each element that makes up the whole definition. The author further divides relationship between an individual and stigma into three distinct groups. Firstly, the stigmatized are those individuals who suffer from the effects of stigma while normal individuals in society are those who do not bear the stigma. His third category consists of people who are wise and are considered normal even by those who have been stigmatized. These three categories are indeed very important when exploring significance of stigma in contemporary age. While his theory and concept on stigma may to a large extent be disputed by other scholars, it is still imperative to note that the author, to a large extent, offers the right direction towards understanding stigma. Needless to say, this may be an important step in the right direction even in 2011 when societal stigma on various aspects is still dominant. In modern society, stigma can be associated with necessity to be powerful whether politically, economically or socially. However, in some circumstances, the role played by power can be clear while in some situations it may lack clarity. For instance, inmates often undergo stigma related experiences as a result of power that is associated with the institution. Thus, prisoners will be stigmatized on the basis that they are feeling powerless since they are being guarded. However, according to Goffman’s theory, the prisoners’ situation may not be equated to true stigmatization bearing in mind that they do not experience social, economic or political power in this situation. In addition, their thoughts are hardly directed towards the guards and hence, they are not seriously affected by the impact of stigmatization. According to Goffman (1963, p.45), the aspect of stigma takes place when a person is considered deviant and linked with certain stereotypes which may be negative in nature. The present society still applies Goffman’s theory to illuminate how individuals are trying to manage their identities that are being perceived as undesirable in the presence of those who are normal. For instance, the model is still applied by individuals who have certain diseases such as HIV/AIDS which for a long time, has been
Introduction The economic value of the construction industry is significant. The industry contributes up to 10% of the annual GDP for most nations (Best & De Valence, 2002). The industry encompasses many other complementary industries such as electrical, mining, steel and transportation to name but a few. This involvement of multiple industries suggests that the construction industries success or failure can reflect on a number of other industries. Despite the clearly vital role of construction as an economic entity, the industry continues to be affected by inefficiencies which mostly spring from a lack of communication between the relevant parties involved especially in the field setting (Best & De Valence, 2002). This is because the success of projects in the construction scenario hinges on the availability of information to the necessary personnel when they need it. Malone (2005) asserts that automating information capturing and access by use of mobile technology greatly enhances performance in such settings. Considering the significance that information systems can have in the construction industry, it would be prudent to look into the ways in which these systems can be exploited for optimal benefit. Wireless communications technology implementation provides the best means for dealing with the inefficient communication systems. This paper sets out to illustrate that implementation of mobile communication technologies in the construction industry is not only technologically and economically feasible but also the most cost effective manner in which construction companies can best utilize their IT resources in the field setting thereby leading to optimal results. This paper shall delve into the various hardware and software required to achieve a functional network. In addition, an overview of the process of implementing this innovation shall be described. This shall aim at showing how WIFI can improve construction processes. Wireless Implementations process Hardware Requirements For any kind of network to be implemented, various hardware and software components must be made available. As has been previously stated, a WLAN is a grouping of computing devices that share a common communication network. There are a number of components that are basic to any WLAN implementation. An access point which is a device that links the wireless LAN to a wired LAN is one of the core components in the network system (CITA, 2005). This is the device that is directly responsible for transmitting signals which are used for communication by the computing devices. The capacity that this device can support is largely dependent on the particular Wireless A
Summary of Studies The central issue of this study was an attempt to determine the statistical relationship between the students’ perception of teachers’ beauty and the quality of academic teaching. In this paper, Hamermesh and Parker (2005) take a multi-factor statistical analysis approach to eliminate potential errors. The results of this study suggest that the higher the teacher’s beauty rate, the higher their course rating. In other words, better-looking university employees get more favorable feedback on the quality of their work, which, ultimately affects salary levels. The structure of this research article includes four sections: introduction, discussion of the teaching beauty and measuring, demonstration of the results obtained, and a section of conclusions. In the introduction, the authors point out the lack of up-to-date data on the relationship understudy in a wide range of academic literature and propose the hypothesis that beauty has the potential to improve student assessment of teachers’ work. The second section is devoted to establishing the framework for the experiment: in particular, 94 teachers from the University of Texas, from all academic levels, were selected for the main observation by 463 university courses (16 957 participants) assessed their performance, after which quantitative results were subjected to regression analysis using the least-squares method. For a first trial based on a discussion of teachers’ photographs, descriptive statistics using the weighted average was gathered, including gender, minority, origin, work schedule, class credits, and audience for which the professional works. As part of this section, studies were carried out on the photographs of employees by six students, ranked according to gender and level: three of each gender, two of whom are graduating students. The authors, for the first time, speak out about the potential threat of significant differences in the assessment of the beauty and quality of the work of male and female teachers. Verification of the results is carried out by determining the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (0.077) and Cronbach’s alpha (0.62). The third section invites the readers to familiarise themselves with the main results of the survey regarding students’ sympathy for the quality of teaching work. Specifically, the authors used the WLS method to compare the scores between the correlation variables were divided into two vectors: X was data about the teacher, and Z was about the course. In the first place, employees from the social minority category receive less student approval than most teachers (-0.249). The same effect is observed for workers whose native language is not English (-0.253). In addition, one-credit participants in low divisions receive significantly higher scores from students (0.687). It is worth admitting that the key finding of the researchers is that female teachers are getting significa