ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Severe air pollution in Beijing did not become a subject of worldwide concern and discussion until the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which brought the issue to the attention of the global public due to the immense amount of publicity associated with the event (BBC). Ever since then, both the local government and international organizations, such as Greenpeace and WHO have tried to implement various tactics in order to achieve a decrease in air pollution levels. Most of the efforts, however, have shown temporary results (BBC). Latest studies suggest that the lack of substantial effect is due to the wrong approach to the issue. For instance, most of the efforts are focused solely on eliminating pollution in Beijing, whereas research suggests that “air quality in the Beijing region would substantially benefit from reducing residential sector emissions from both within Beijing and within surrounding provinces” (Liu et al. 7760). Moreover, despite the fact that many of the government’s strategies are aimed at reducing the damage from motor vehicles and power plants, household emissions remain one of the leading causes of air pollution in Beijing: “Household emissions, mostly from space heating and cooking with solid fuels, are an important and generally unrecognized source of ambient air pollution in China and other developing countries” (Liu et al. 7556). The aim of an effective strategy for decreasing the pollution, therefore, would be to target the households as the primary source of emissions: “particles such as smoke, soot and dust floating in air – could be cut by almost half if houses were considered in regional emission plans” (Ritchi
Strengths, weaknesses and assumptions in Jack Welch’s framework for differentiating employees In his book “Winning”, Jack Welch (2005) provides a well-developed framework for managing people in an organization through employee differentiation. The ‘20/70/10 Differentiation’ framework is primarily a way of breaking down employees into three groups based on their performance (Welch, 2005). The purpose of the framework is to determine a good of way of rewarding and treating employees. The framework has a number of strengths, but it has some negative aspects because it is based on some assumptions. Strengths Welch believes that every company has only three groups of employees. The first the 20/70/10 framework is effective because it provides managers with a simple but effective way of dealing with employees. It ensures that the company retains its best performers in the first 20% group, which allows it to reduce costs and enhance management (Welch, 2005). In fact, this group is made up of top managers who have experience and positive attitude towards the company and their work. If not treated well, they are likely to leave the company or work below standards, thus affecting corporate performance. Secondly, this framework allows managers to increase performance by encouraging and motivating
It is hard to overestimate the role of nurses in the health care industry. These health professionals do their best to contribute to better patient outcomes at sites. However, some of them decide to deal with more essential issues and start engaging in politics. Among them, Nathan-Pulliam deserves much attention because this used-to-be nurse managed to become a representative of District 44 in the Maryland Senate. Nathan-Pulliam’s Contribution Nathan-Pulliam has rich experience, both in nursing and legislation, which means that she can improve health care delivery. The fact is that her Bachelor’s degree in nursing denote that Nathan-Pulliam is well familiar with the relevant issues that the health care system directly. Besides, her professional career makes people give credit to her activity because nurses “are among the most trusted health professionals” in the United States (Woodward, Smart, & Bernavides-Vaello, 2016, p. 54). Thus, the information above makes Nathan-Pulliam one of the best persons to improve the current state of affairs. Furthermore, it should be clear that Nathan-Pulliam can bring some positive changes to the health care system. In 2003, she developed a bill to address racial and ethnic disparities in Maryland. In 2004, her House Bill 86 “created the Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities” (Fauteux, 2018, para. 10). Furthermore, Fauteux states that Nathan-Pulliam sponsored a bill that encouraged every health department to be aimed at taking care of all patients. Thus, the legislator seems to have had crucial significance for improving health care delivery. Conclusion Nurses are integral components of the health care industry, and they can improve its quality radically. Considering the public image of these professionals and their understanding of the medical system, it is not a surprise that some of them engage in politics. Nathan-Pulliam is among them, and the former healthcare worker has created and supported a few bills that were designed to make health care delivery better.
Business Venture Description Katz Motel is a new prospective business venture located in New York, NY. Its purpose is to provide house animals, such as dogs and cats, with temporary housing and care while their owners are out of the city for a vacation or a business trip. During the owners’ absence, Katz Motel will look after the animals, offering a full range of services, including feeding, playing, walking, cleaning, washing, and medical care, if necessary. Instead of utilizing small cages (a staple for most of the NY pet hotels), Katz Motel will be utilizing separated small compartments made of medical glass, which are easy to clean, are see-through, and will provide a stress-free and trauma-free environment for the animals. Two apartment sizes will be available for choosing: the standard 1.5×1.5×2 meter compartment, suitable for smaller animals, such as cats, and a larger 2.5×2.5×2 meter apartment for larger animals, dogs, and pets that enjoy the extra freedom. Customers will be allowed to survey their pets through cameras installed into the apartments through a specialized application. The hotel will be able to hold between 60-80 individual pets at the same time and will be staffed by 10 personnel, including animal caretakers, a cleaning specialist, and a veterinarian. The business will be aimed at the upper-middle class and rich owners, as these are the most likely to own pets that require specialized and immersive care while they are away. The improved conditions compared to those offered by the majority of the animal hotels coupled with the scarcity of dedicated facilities for extended animal stays are the main sales pitches of the prospective business. SWOT Analysis Explanation Strengths The first strong point of setting up Katz Motel in NYC is the close proximity to a great number of potential customers, making it possible to offer services to many people in a location. New York has over 8 million inhabitants in it, occupying an area of circa 300 square miles (Carter 2014). The number of pets in the city is estimated to be over 1 million, with circa 600,000 cats and 500,000 dogs, thus making every 1 inhabitant in 8 a potential customer (Carter 2014). The number of animal lodging available in NYC is much smaller, with the number of businesses in the industry being far less than a hundred companies. The scarcity of the much-needed service makes it in low supply and high demand, thus becoming a strength of Katz Motel. Another strong point of Katz Motel is its positioning. New York is a natural traveling destination to and from the US, meaning that many people residing in New York would be traveling (Veblen and Dowd 2017). Pets are notorious for taking badly to the road, as it is a great stress to them, especially if they travel by plane. In addition, not every hotel is pet-friendly,
Outline Companies incur costs when recruiting and training of new employees. But in case they leave due to lack of job satisfaction or to join a competitor, the company will have to incur additional costs of recruiting and training new employees. The loss in productivity due to inexperience of new employees is also there. In case the employee leaves to join a competitor, the possible business loss (where existing customers and business are lured off) is even more. Introduction Employee retention can progress the productivity of the any organization. Companies are investing a huge amount for hiring and training for the people. Training can helpful to the candidates to involve his responsibilities much effectively in his work area. If the employees perform very badly without adequate training it will directly affect the company’s reputation and profitability. The company will not get any output during training period from an employee. The company is spending large amount of money in the time of training program. During training program, the organization has to take care of development, equipment, trainer, software, travel, facilities administrative, management, support, maintenance, and miscellaneous costs. This paper will review the financial impact of employee hiring and training. It will also analyze the impact when an employee leaves due to lack of job satisfaction or frustration with the job. The impact when a good employee joins a competitor will also be analyzed. Costs of hiring and training The usual procedure followed by organizations when hiring is adverting, in print and other media about job openings, conducting campus interviews in universities, paying consultancy fees to professional employment agencies, and the costs involved in interviewing and selecting them. The cost of interview will depend on the type or skill level of the job. The higher the skill required, the more complex will be the interview process resulting in higher costs to the organization. In the United States, costs of hiring new workers have gone up steadily over the years. For example, the average cost of hiring an employee in New York was approximately 900 USD during the 1960s. It went up to more than 4500 USD by the 1990s. There is also a huge gap in hiring costs of employees and managers. The average cost of hiring managerial level personnel was more than 13,000 USD during the same period during the 1980s. During the same period, the cost of hiring workers was around 5,100 USD in the case of workers. (Cahuc, & Zylberberg, 2004, p.214). These data were taken from the ‘Labor Economics’ by Pierre Cahuc, André Zylberberg Even though the figures are quite old, it was shown to illustrate the impact on an organization’s finances. The figur
Introduction The main character depicted by Chaucer in the Wife of Bath’s Prologue is an eccentric woman whose religious worldviews, attitudes to spousal relations, and overall appearance oppose the conventional views on morality that dominated during the epoch in which the tale is set. By analyzing the descriptions of the Wife’s visual image, as well as her perspectives on the issues of marriage, it is possible to identify why the character challenges the conventional notion of wifehood. It can be argued that by using particular ways of the character’s representation and stylistic devices, Chaucer aimed to criticize the noncompliance with the Medieval religious and moral doctrines. To verify this idea, such aspects of the Wife’s image as her religious views, attitudes to marriage, appearance, and name will be discussed in the paper. Religious Motifs The character’s interpretation of religious beliefs is one of the most significant elements in her representation. During the period described in the literary piece, the Church had a powerful position in the society. Thus, religious motifs were the first to define individuals’ behaviors in various spheres of life. The Wife, however, has an unconventional religious perspective, which mainly serves to justify her lustful lifestyle. For instance, she uses some ideas provided in the Bible as an excuse for adultery. From her point of view, reproduction is the major reason for the engagement in spousal relations. For this reason, she had “five husbands at the church door,” which means that all the Wife’s relations are legal and compliant with the rules of religion. Nevertheless, they are rather controversial from the perspective of morality as she sees marriage as a means for prosperity and sensual satisfaction The Wife argues against the biblical prohibition on remarriage after widowhood. From her stance, there is no evil in “marrying two, or…marrying eight.” To support this idea, she refers to the Bible and compares herself to king Solomon who had many wives. She says, “I believe he had wives more than one,” and states that since God approved Solomon’s polygamy, it could not be that detrimental to her either. For her, Solomon’s multiple marriages justify all the marriages she had herself. Overall, it seems the Wife misreads the main bi
Introduction This essay is on a 16-year-old girl who receives pressure from her friends to sneak out of the house on Friday night after her parents are asleep to attend a party. Her usual curfew is at eleven p.m. This is a common scenario among teenagers nowadays. There are five components of wise judgment, and all of them apply to this scenario. This can help the young girl develop a solution, or an answer, to the situation. These wise judgment components include factual knowledge about matters of life, procedural knowledge, lifespan contextualism, recognition and management of uncertainty, and relativism regarding the solution. This essay focuses on how each of them can be applied to this scenario. The article goes ahead to discuss the rationale behind my decision (Bolt, 2004, p. 94-95). Factual knowledge about matters of life This entails knowledge about the nature of human beings, social norms, and interpersonal relations. The 16-year-old girl should consider how these aspects apply to her situation. Men behave arrogantly at night, and the young girl may expose herself to the risk of rape. This is the nature of rapists because they operate at night in most cases. Society does not allow teenagers to go out for parties at night. Such events are for adults who can differentiate between what is right or wrong. The young girl should put into consideration the societal expectation in this situation. The teenager should also consider how her decision will affect her relationship with her family members. People usually attend night parties as couples or dating individuals. The teenager is not stable to be in a relationship, and following the party alone may make her feel out of place. (Bolt, 2004, p. 94-95). Procedural knowledge This comprises strategies for weighing goals and handling life’s problems, ways of providing advice, and methods of dealing with conflicts. The teenager should plan for her life well by prioritizing her goals. She should concentrate on achieving her academic goals than seeking pleasure. Education will equip the 16-year girl for the future. On the other hand, the party does not add value to her (Bolt, 2004, p. 94-95). The girl should lay down all her goals from the most helpful one to the one she can do without. She should thrive to achieve those that are top on her list. This will assist her in making the right decision from the situation. She should also handle the friends in a respectable manner. It is in order for her to take
Introduction Different styles of representational art constitute a large portion of all art objects that were ever created by people. A single concept unites them – representational art clearly shows or implies what is depicted in the work (Stokstad and Cothren 2). For example, if an artist wants to paint a rose, the idea of a rose will be present in the painting in one way or another. However, it does not mean that all approaches to representational art resemble reality. Main body It is possible to distinguish three styles of representative art: naturalism, stylization, and idealization. First of all, naturalism is the style in which an artist aims to portray a certain view or item as close to reality as possible (Stokstad and Cothren 2). Such lifelike depictions can even be compared to photography with their attention to details, colors, and shadows. For instance, the work of Adriaen van der Spelt and Frans van Mieris, “Flower Piece with Curtain,” is an example of a naturalistic artwork (see fig. 1). Here, one can see that the artists tried to make the painting resemble real objects as much as possible, mimicking reality to the smallest detail. Fig. 1. Flower Piece with Curtain (Stokstad and Cothren 2). An idea that drifts away from the necessity to replicate reality towards one’s personal or group beliefs is idealization (Stokstad and Cothren 4). This style does not require the artist to recreate reality as a work of art, but to construct a perfect representation of an object or a person. This idealized version can be based on the standards of the community or culture. Here, a statue of Augustus of Primaporta can be reviewed (see fig. 2). The man’s stature, youth, and physical strength are highlighted in the work, presenting the best image of Augustus according to which he wanted to be remembered. Fig. 2. Augustus of Primaporta (Stokstad and Cothren 138). Conclusion Finally, the style of representative art farthest from naturalis
Introduction Montgomery, Copley, and Associates’ (1996) model of leadership are development-oriented. Every day, employees and supervisors engage in conversations about performance (Bass & Riggio, 2006). These private dialogs between supervisors and employees often focus on professional development. Most meetings begin with sharing information and knowledge to address issues that can hinder teams from achieving their goals. The goal-oriented focus of employee performance improves morale, trust, and engagement (Bass & Riggio, 2006). The model insists on courage as the fundamental concept required for bringing out the best in people. The model captures professional development, goal orientation, personal development, and mentor relationships on the outer part of the ring. These leadership practices are the most important in creating a performance-oriented relationship between managers and employees. According to Bass and Riggio (2006), mentoring allows leaders to promote the development of the climate of trust, which propels employees towards achieving organizational goals. Montgomery, Copley, and Associates (1996) realize that leaders do not manage employees using authoritative practices. The leadership model insists on the value-based leadership within the inner rings of the bull’s eye based on discipline, wisdom, and courage. Leaders have to advocate and act upon these internalized values to succeed. The leadership model as a solution to the Greg Mortenson case study The case study identified for this interview is Greg Mortensons case study 10.2. In this case, Greg is lost and disoriented before finding his way in Pakistan. Greg gives up the memory of climbing to the highest mountain peak to help an injured friend (Northouse, 2009). Following the event, Greg offers his expertise to a village that languished in extreme poverty. Greg is not satisfied with just the proposal for his professional development. Greg initiates development efforts in the village by building a school. He proceeds to sell off his property and is frustrated by tribal leaders. Greg loses his funds and communicates poorly with schools in the area. The Montgomery, Copley, and Associates’ (1996) model of leadership can help to point out steps that Greg should have followed to achieve success in his endeavors. First of all, Greg could apply the concept of professional development to create better relationships with neighboring schools and tribal leaders. According to Northouse (2009), goal-orientation is a prerequisite for creating transparent relationships with the community. Greg needed the value of courage and wisdom to demonstrate his respect for the community in Pakistan. Engaging in value-oriented mentoring could give him the results he needed and promote the appearance of the desire to change within the community. Interpersonal relationships could be an important aspect of promoting strong connections between him and the Pakistanis. The Montgome
Canadian literary culture is considered to be rich and famous around the world; and in spite of the fact that some works were sold in a few copies only, their significance and their necessity is quite noticeable nowadays. As for Me and My House is “certainly one of the most distinctive ever to come out of Canada” (Stouck 27). Its author, Sinclair Ross, made a wonderful attempt to describe social, natural, and even spiritual forces, which were able to destroy marriage. The work is based on the notes, which were made by Mrs. Bentley in her diary, so, Mrs. Bentley performs two functions in the story: as one of the major characters and as the narrator of the story. The peculiarity of this story is ambiguous approach of Mrs. Bentley to her life, her relations with her husband, and to her role in the small town. While telling the story, its narrator, Mrs. Bentley, cannot be regarded as a reliable and honest source of information because of three reasons: first, she is unfair and dishonest to herself, second, she tries to hide the lack of love in her life by means of needs for some material issues, and finally, the majority of her actions are aimed at clearing up or proving something but not at achieving certain satisfaction and enjoyment. Each literary work has its own significance for many people: for the author, critics, readers, and even for some other writers. As for Me and My House is the story that combines several rather important for this life issues: the desire to be a hero for the others and for yourself, the ability to maintain family relations safe and sound, passion to new people of the opposite sex, fleetingness of personal desires, and failure of own dreams because of personal laziness. Ross’s novel under consideration is a unique collection of everyday life of the family with its own demands, needs, and opportunities. The problems of the relations between the main characters, the Bentleys, are grounded on their own inner conflicts with each other. During their lives, they have to make certain decision, have to sacrifice own dreams, and have to think over their dreams, taking into consideration current conditions and abilities. All these numerous sacrifices have a considerable impact on Mr. and Mrs. Bentley’s relations with other people and with each other. “…just two people in the house. They become sensitive to each other a sullen or irritable mood always communicates itself” (Ross 19). The beginning of the story provides the reader with an opportunity to guess that Mrs. Bentley is not satisfied with her role of the minister’s wife. In spite of the fact that she has already left too many things and people in her life, she still regrets about them and always h