ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Role strain in family care giving is a common phenomenon in most families. This is arises from the fact that in every one out of five families, there is a situation that requires care giving. It facilitates caring for those suffering in one way or another in a family and creating a conducive environment for them. Such groups include elderly parents, the sick, disabled and children. Formerly, family care giving was entirely left to the family members but family care professionals have nowadays taken the role. This has been due to advanced technology and increased responsibilities in the family set-up. Family centered care is always the best since the recipient receives dignified services due to the relationship between him and the caregiver. This paper will look at all the above plus the fact that this role has several challenges, which may arise when the recipient is not contented with the kind of services he is receiving or when the responsibility is beyond caregiver’s ability. To curb some of these challenges it is good for the whole family to take the care giving responsibility. When the role is divided, it becomes easier and less strenuous. It is also important for the caregiver to share his experiences with friends and colleagues for mutual understanding and assistance when need be. Family care giving is not only challenging but also fulfilling as it leaves both the recipient and the caregiver satisfied and with a stronger bond. Finally, it is advisable for the caregiver to seek for assistance from care giving organization in order to ease the burden of meeting the expenses alone. Therefore, this paper will discuss the role of family caregiver, the strain they encounter and the possible solutions to such strains. In addition, information will be gathered from various sources including books, journals and medical websites in compilation of this paper. Introduction Family care giving involves planning, delivery and evaluation of healthcare where there is a relationship between the caregiver and the recipient. A family to the recipient refers to all those in loving relationship, be it blood or legal who can be responsible for caring and support whereas caregivers refer to those who provide care and support formerly and in formerly. In addition, formal caregivers are the health care professionals like nurses while informal healthcare providers refer to family, friends, neighbors etc (Lattanzi-Licht, Mahoney and Miller, 1998). Family care giving is a wide topic that involves diverse activities from different family members. It does not refer to single person in the family since there are many areas in the family that require care and these area are shared among the family members. Some of the roles in a family that require care are looking after the elderly, parents take care of their children until when they are old enough to take care of themselves, disabled and even providing for the family needs among others (zakaly, 2010). Actually, when a family member falls sick, it is so natural that the family members wan
Introduction There have been substantial studies examining the role of first impressions in interviews. Most of these literatures suggest that the first impression is not only dominant and lasting but also dependent on the employer’s views on what was acceptable. Some of the appearance cues that have been researched include clothing, grooming, cosmetics, hair length, body piercings and tattoos, and cover letter grammar. These studies suggest that most applicants who intend to have a successful interview prefer to dress better and impress their potential employers, as opposed to polishing on their skills and training. Studies on the cues that employers consider when interviewing job applicants are relevant especially due to the high rate of unemployment. Job applicants should ideally be judged on their skills pertaining to the position that needs to be filled, instead of their physical attributes. Getting a job has increasingly become a challenge to fresh graduates, and employers have continued to outsource their recruiting services to other firms. This is because job openings receive many applications, and the human resource departments for most organizations find it cumbersome to go through all applications. The problem of getting the right people to fill open positions has led to global innovations for recruiting like Linkedin and JobandTalent in Spain. Linkedin is a global social networking platform for professionals, which helps organizations to hire people based on their work history. JobandTalent, on the other hand, uses facebook to shortlist the applicants, whereby applicants use their facebook friends to leverage their applications if they work in the organization where they are sending applications. Jobandtalent was identified as one of the best start-ups in Europe in 2011. The website is based on the idea that job seekers make job applications through their contacts in the organization. With such a trend in the job market, many undergraduates face imminent elimination since they either lack contacts in the organization, or the recruiters use cues to short list candidates for interviews. The process of short listing prospective employees involves various players including educators, employers, policymakers and researchers in linguistics and sociology; but, the opinions of the applicants are never taken into consideration. This paper looks at the extent to which afore mentioned cues impact the possibilities of an applicant to be hired on a job. Surface judgements One of the key cues considered by potential employers is the level of grammar used in the cover letter. While a lot of research shows that the level of work success is dependent on an individual’s personality and intelligence, there are many employees who choose to disregard these two crucial aspects and eliminate candidates for poor grammar, wrong punctuation, spelling mistake, and other grammatical errors in their cover letters. McWhorter suggests that good
Accounting is referred to as “the language of business”. It is an art of recording, classifying and summarizing information about a business entity in relation to economic resources that are used in finding out the causes of success and failure in business. Due to its relevance in business it has been developed into two models; Management accounting, which deals with reporting financial information to the business stakeholders inside the organization to enhance taking managing and operating decisions; and financial accounting which provides useful information to potential and would-be stakeholders in the organization. This has affected accounting as it has enabled easier provision of information to different groups of people through assortment of data to be handed to the financial accounting and management accounting (Sterling & Bentz, 54). Accounting provides a body of rules and legislations that directs reporting of financial information referred to as “Generally Accepted Accounting Standards”. These accounting guidelines are adopted by many organizations and provide a standardized platform for businesses to present their financial information to the interested parties. Jurisprudence application affects accounts and finance in accordance to the culture, religion, race and political background of the region. This is so as the laws govern the type of financial system regarding to spending, saving, investing, giving, property ownership and business marketing (Smith, Keith & Stephens, 78). It is assumed in business, that a company cannot manage what it cannot measure. This is where an accounting system comes in handy. Without an accounting system a company cannot ascertain whether it is operating profitably or at a loss; it cannot budget cash flows in a given period; a
Introduction Today, more than ever before, it has become increasingly apparent that the daily functioning of a healthcare institution fundamentally depends on the integrity, availability and dependability of its information systems. Patient health information, research, operations, and finance all depend on highly accessible, reliable, and robust software applications, data, and information technology infrastructure (Glaser & Aske, 2010). Consequently, healthcare providers are required by law to strictly observe a complexity of standards as outlined in the privacy provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). This paper reviews some underlying issues related to organizational policies, procedures and documentation requirements governing health entities for HIPAA compliance. Issues in Information Technology & Reporting Data One of the underlying issues covered in the document is the need for covered entities to tighten internal and external compliance procedures by ensuring that their business associates subscribes to a set of standards and requirements aimed at ensuring the integrity and reliability of the electronic protected health information (EPHI). This objective is achieved by ensuring that the covered entity obtains signed privacy agreements with the business associates, particularly on the use and disclosure of EPHI (HIPAA, 2007). The second issue concerns the need for the covered entity and its associates to conduct regular audits on EPHI not only to ensure compliance with the requirements and standards outlined in the Act, but also to guarantee that EPHI is used for the intended purposes. Business associates, such as software developers, must therefore develop and implement record-level security aimed at restricting access to EPHI sorely to those who are allowed by the Act (Sarrico & Hauenstein, 2011). The variables of EPHI that requires safeguarding as outlined in rules and regulations of HIPAA also comes out strongly in this document. Indeed, the Act requires all stakeholders – covered entities, sponsors, business associates, and subcontractors – to always ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of EPHI (HIPAA, 2007). For example, a sub-agent contracted by a business associate of a covered entity to create a component of th
This research study applauds on subtypes of anxiety using social analytic approach. From a population of teenagers and adults, symptoms of social anxiety, social circumstances under which these symptoms occur, and the general background literature are analyzed. Under factor analysis, four components are identified as performance anxiety, tenacity, offensive fear, and inadequate social feelings. In the category of subtypes derived via cluster analysis, four components are identified as interpersonal, offensive, performance, and mild anxiety types. Many situations can trigger anxiety symptoms resulting into different response across ages. Thus, this research paper aims at analyzing interpretation of bias in adults and teenagers. Individuals thought to be socially anxious are more negative in interpreting ambiguous social events (Vassilopoulos, 2011). The process of social interaction may proceed with a positive, negative, or an ambiguous cue. Facial expression may determine the kind of response to expect from an individual. For instance, a frown is directly linked with threat interpretation. However, a smile is associated with a non-threat interpretation (Vassilopoulos, 2011; Huppert, Foa, Furr, Filip, & Mathews, 2003). In independent efforts to analyze social anxiety interpretation, many psychologists in the resent past have carried out research on anxiety interpretation and classification of bias in teenagers and adults. These collections of research findings suggest that socially anxious individuals tend to be more negative in their interpretation of ambiguous events happening around them( Taylor, Bomyea, Amir, & Emotion, 2011; Huppert, Foa, Furr, Filip, & Mathews, 2003; Beard & Amir, 2010; Amir, Beard & Bower, 2005). If these findings are quantifiable, it is possible to identify factors that may be the secondary agents of anxiety and biasness. Only Hofmann, Asnnani, and Hinton’s study test the hypothesis that the result of biasness may be related to depression and general anxiety as an overview (Hofmann, Asnnani, & Hinton, 2010). Little research is available on the possibility of negative bias in
Many Americans are familiar with the McDonald’s spilled hot glass lawsuit that practically even became a joke. The court decision in favor of the plaintiff, to whom the restaurant paid compensation for the damage caused, is often parodied in the movies ( Hot Coffee , 00:05-00:53). Without knowing the details of the case, an ordinary person can find it frivolous since it appears that anyone can get a massive amount of money just due to a hot drink spill. However, the situation changes when one learns that the plaintiff Liebeck got severe burns and spent considerable financial resources to cover medical costs. Moreover, the trial revealed that Mcdonald’s received more than 700 similar complaints, and these people never obtained any compensation at all. McDonald’s policy of serving drinks at temperatures up to 205 degrees Fahrenheit has caused damage to hundreds of customers. This kind of temperature is comparable to a hot radiator during a drive and sufficient to peel the skin from bones in just a few seconds (Batchelor). These and other circumstances, thoroughly investigated in the documentary movies Hot Coffee directed by Saladoff, testify that the Liebeck and McDonald’s case is far from frivolous. On the contrary, the lawsuit reveals a critical national issue of tort reform. Tort reform is one of the most sensitive topics in American politics. Tort actions represent such kinds of law claims that involve damage compensation for wrongful actions, primarily financially. The Liebeck and McDonald case has had a key influence on Texas tort legislation, provoking increased lobbying for the controversial reform that undermines citizens’ compensation rights. Major federal media were divided, arguing about how frivolous the case was. Some compared it to silly lawsuits like a student suing college because of a loud campus party. The problem is that many Americans had a fundamentally wrong perception of the national law system, assuming this system’s error was resulting in flooding in frivolous lawsuits ( Hot Coffee ). In an attempt to correct this error and redistribute resources more efficiently, tort reform was born. The idea of the reform was to reduce frivolous lawsuits and consequently limit what a jury awards, contributing instead to healthcare and more doctors working in Texas. However, the number of medical malpractice cases filed in the state dropped by two-thirds (Carter), weakening the power of citizens to claim compensation for received damages since medical malpractice suits can be expensive to pursue (“Texas Tort Reform Didn’t Work” 03:15–05:21). Moreover, the reform practically displaced lawyers specialized in this field, forcing them to leave the state (Carter). Attorneys became less willing to risk when taking a tort case as the potential payoff often cannot recoup all the expenses associated with a particular tort. Therefore, it is evident that the reform did not reach its goal, conversely leading to unforeseen blasting consequences for the Teas civil justice system. While ordinary buyers whose civil rights were in doubt suffered, some benefited from the reform. First of all, large companies and institutions, the irrespo
My Company is a small-scale enterprise whose overall purpose is to sell computers and their accessories to the public. However, the company primarily supplies computers to institutions such as schools, hospitals and hotel. This proposal is an expression of interest to supply computers to the federal institutions in the state. As earlier mentioned, our company sells computers and their accessories. In particular, we supply computers to schools, hospitals, and hotels. In addition, we offer value added services to our customer by maintaining and repairing their computers. Thus, we aim at expanding our business by supplying computers to the federal government’s institutions in the state. In order to achieve this aim, our fundamental objective is to maintain an efficient supply of quality computers for enhancement of various processes within federal institutions as well as promoting the information technology sector and its integration to public institutions. Conversely, our corporate objective is to achieve growth through partnership with the federal government. Our Comp
The word lobotomy comes from two Greek terms lobos which means the brain’s robes, and tomos which means to cut. Lobotomy is a psychosurgical practice that involves destroying the connections of the prefrontal cortex of the brain. It originated from Europe in the early twentieth century (Dully & Fleming 76). The theory behind this procedure is that, the destruction causes some form of detachment in the brain’s emotional basis which is found in the sub-cortical structures. Lobotomy was done on the first human beings around 1890. During that period, it was viewed as a miraculous cure for mental illness. This view increased its popularity and led to its extensive usage. In the1940s, about 40,000 patients underwent lobotomy in America, and about10, 000 patients went through the operation in Europe. The popularity of lobotomy increased greatly as most people believed that it was the solution to numerous social problems such as overcrowding in asylums as well as the long-term costs that were incurred while caring for patients with mental problems. Moreover, several psychiatrists viewed lobotomy as less severe than other therapies such as insulin. Modern lobotomy originated from animal experiments in the early 19 th century. Friedrich Goltz, a German physiologist, performed surgeries in the neocorrtex of dogs. This was done between1834 and 1902. In his report, Goltz wrote that, the dogs with big lesions in their front part of their brain presented a universal change in character, in that, they became agitated and relatively become furious. On the other hand, he noticed that the dogs with bigger lesions on their occipital lobe were charming and harmless even though some were previously very cruel. Gottlieb Burkhardt, who owned a hospital for the mentally ill in Switzerland, was provoked by Goltz’s findings, to involve cutting of the cortex while treating his patients. In 1890, Burkhardt performed this surgery in the brains of six mental cases. Later, one of these patients passed on while another on took away his own life. The two deaths happened within one week after the surgery. Gottlieb published an account of his operations and presented his outcomes to the Berlin Therapeutic Congress. However, he encountered severe hostility and opted to discontinue with this kind of brain surgery, even though he felt that his attempt was fairly successful (Menninger & Nemiah 44). A Portuguese neurologist named as António Egas Moniz brought about tremendous improvement within the leucotomy practice. He was among the founders of this form of brain surgery and was awarded a Nobel Prize in the field of medicine in 1949 for discovering the significance of lobotomy in dealing with some psychological problems (Valenstein 23)
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the world got acquainted with a whole pleiad of eminent scientists and artists; politics and musicians. Greater was the impression of mankind when new genres and streams began emerging in the spheres of painting, music, and other arts. Some of the most eminent in music and art are Impressionism and Primitivism. That is why this paper is dedicated to explore and discuss the cultural background of that time with definite instances of works made by outstanding artists. First, it is necessary to point out the notion and historical framework about the emergence of Impressionism. As it is concerned, “Impressionism (French Impressionnisme) a major movement, first in painting and later in music, that developed chiefly in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.” (From Romanticism to Modernism 19) The most famous representatives in painting were, Camille Pissarro, Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir. Of course, the movement was not so popular and significant without works of Paul Cézanne, the artist who became famous in spite of his contemporaries while alive. On the assumption of the movement name, it is easy to realize and, moreover, imagine the intentions which the artists urged to deliver to the sight of an ordinary spectator. Later appearance of this movement in the music collapsed people’s minds with energetic and solemn motives in expressing the wide range of emotional shapes. “Musical Impressionism is often thought to refer to subtle fragility, amorphous passivity, and vague mood music.” (From Romanticism to Modernism 25) Such peculiarities of the Music Impressionism were supported by the social, societal, political, and at least cultural interchange taking into account and considering all pros and cons of the philosophies and social trends which impacted on the elaboration of styles and streams in music. A more accurate characterization of Impressionist music would include restraint and understatement, a static quality, and a provocatively colourful effect resulting from composers’ fascination with pure sound as a beautiful and mysterious end in itself. Technically, these characteristics often result from a static use of harmony, ambiguous tonality, a lack of sharp formal contrasts and of onward rhythmic drive, and a blurring of the distinction between melody and accompaniment. (From Romanticism to Modernism 25) Here one cannot but mention the influence of Romanticism with all the details this epoch of culture included. Nevertheless, the music improvisations as music itself always and perpetually emphasized the aesthetic side of a man’s thinking creating new ideas of its implementation for musicians. The way of influence was stronger on the society from the side of music, but not the society dictated the norms and trends of musical reality in each epoch. Music is an important tool to stimulate people providing the clear aims of their further steps on the way t