ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are standard divisions into two sexes being male and female and the basic sexual orientation of heterosexuality. At the same time, gender does not always determine the sexual preferences of an individual person. Moreover, not all people can define themselves in these categories, and in some cases society dictates its conditions of existence and preferences, while the personal expression of sexuality and orientation in reality may differ. Many sociological studies do not recognize that there is a significant difference between males and females, unless it is in terms of sports, medicine or childbirth (Lorber, 1996). In the modern world, there is a large number of categories of races, sexes, sexuality, and orientation. When informing about different genders of people, it is necessary to divide them into 3 categories including sex, sexuality and gender (Lorber, 1996). Each of them has a somewhat synonymous meaning, but at the same time the full scope of concepts is different. Many researchers argue that the difference in the sexes of people is based only on hormones and the development of the genitals before birth, which also occurs due to hormones in the human body (Lorber, 1996). For the most part, gender and orientation are concepts that are necessary for a society to differentiate its participants. However, for some people, the standard choice of gender or sexuality is not correct, since some see themselves in a different field or orientation, or, in principle, do not consider themselves to belong to the group originally assigned to them. At the same time, markers and sexual attractiveness for each person may differ and be not only dependent on the opposite sex, masculinity, femininity, and other standard criteria, but also include personal preferences (Lorber, 1996). Many participants in various studies emphasize that their sexual preferences do not fall into any of the socially recognized standard categories. Most recognize the existence of binary sexual divisions that can in
Characteristics of the U.S. regional airline industry SkyWest Incorporation is a regional airline firm with operations in the USA, Caribbean and Canada. Regional airlines consist of airlines which provide air transport services to a target market whose demand for air transport cannot attract mainline service. Thus they operate from small cities (Lohman, 2007, p. 183). The dominant characteristic of the US regional airline industry is the mode with which they operate. The industry functions as a feeder airline. To attain this, firms in the US regional airline industry enter into contract with major companies enabling them to transport passengers to the main hubs. In times of low demand for air transport, regional airline firms increase frequency of operating within the mainline market. Despite entering into contract with major airline companies, US regional airline firms have the capacity to operate under their respective brands. This enables them to provide air transport to selected markets such as the isolated communities. A direct relationship exists between regional, national and global airlines. This arises from the operation of regional airlines as feeders to hub and spoke airline systems which are made national and regional airlines. As a result, regional airlines support these network carriers (Lohman, 2007, p.183). Five Forces analysis Threat of entry The airline industry is characterized by a low degree of entry. This results from the fact that a substantial amount of capital is required for new entrants to access entry. This has the effect of limiting the survival rate of firms venturing into the industry. As a result, the degree of competition is reduced. Threat of substitutes Regional airlines are characterized by a relatively high threat of substitutes compared to international airlines. This results from the fact that there are various modes of transport available to customers such as use of buses, trains and cars. This makes switching costs relatively low. Considering the fact that regional airlines serve within limited geographical areas, threat of substitute is increased. The resultant effect is an increment in the intensity of competition amongst various travel modes. In addition, the threat of substitutes is dependent on the customers’ preference, motive for traveling and distance. For example, leisure travelers will mainly prefer driving to air transport. This increases the number of substitutes available. Supplier bargaining power The airline industry is dominated by major firms which include Boeing and Airbus. This limits the degree of competition amongst the suppliers. In addition, there is minimal probability of vertical integration occurring. This arises from the fact that suppliers cannot offer transport services. They mainly concentrate on building airlines. Buyer bargaining power Buyer bargaining power for the airline industry is relatively low. This arises from the fact that it is not possible for customers to coordinate. Buyer bargaining power is depend
Inflation refers to a general increase in the prices of basic commodities and services, usually taken to represent an average spending pattern (Mankiw, 2012). In simpler terms, inflation is the rise in the cost of living due to an exaggerated increase in commodity prices. As inflation sets in, both individuals, corporations, and the government usually feels its impacts. However, a significant increase in the level of inflation will cause numerous impacts on me as an individual. Since inflation means a rise in prices of common and basic goods, my purchasing power will reduce since the income shall remain constant as prices rise up (Sexton, 2007). This is because the rate of inflation affects the currency’s purchasing power. As inflation rises, the value of the currency reduces proportionately or even at a higher rate pattern (Mankiw, 2012). Generally, the prevailing rate of inflation dictates the number of goods that I will be able to afford. As the cost of basic such as fuel prices, its trickle-down effects are manifold. The energy prices will increase the prices of foodstuffs such as grains since the machinery costs used in production shall have increased. Because of a rise in the cost of living, it will lead to lower standards of living since inflation negatively influences the comfort of life. To demonstrate this impact, clearly, there shall be a shift from spending on leisure activities toward basic commodities. Inflation influences budgeting and planning for investment. Ordinarily, inflation is a phenomenon that happens without the prior and perfect knowledge of an individual, and as such, planned budgets are affected. The confusion created by an uncertain increase in both costs and prices eventually hampers the planning process (Sexton, 2007). Similarly, the amount planned for investment will reduce hence causing a detriment in my overall investment base. Inflation causes money to lose its value due to a rise in the price level. Since I am a regular saver, the rising inflation will affect me in the sense that I will lose confidence in the currency as a measure of value. This is because the rate of savings will be lower than the inflation resulting in a negative real interest rate on savings (Madura, 2006). For instance, if the per year inflation rate is at 6% while the nominal rate on savings is 3%, it means that the real interest rate on my savings is -3%. The other effect of inflation will be tendencies of food shortages on the market occasioned by hoarding by sellers. Market analysis shows that an anticipated increase in inflation stimulates hoarding since sellers withhold goods with a view to selling at a higher price. Sellers will begin to cause physical scarcity of food and other products on the market since they would be anticipating better prices in the future (Sexton, 2007). As an individual, it will become
An ecosystem refers to different sets of interrelationships among living organisms, human beings and to the way they interact with their environment. The paper will focus on complex interrelationships of a desert ecosystem. Deserts are located near two tropics: the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn; these two latitudes describe the zones where the sun is about ninety percent at noon. Deserts are divided into categories some of which include hot and cold deserts but they tend to have similar characteristics. An example of a cold desert is the Antarctica desert that is among the world’s largest deserts (Tewari, 1994). A desert’s is divided into abiotic and biotic components by structure; this in lay terms refers to non-living and living components of the ecosystem. Some of the abiotic components include soil. The main type of soil found in the desert is sandy soil characterized by alkaline PH, such soils have fewer organic matter and low water holding capacity hence referred to as poor soils. Water is another abiotic component whereby deserts are characterized by little or no water. Temperature as an abiotic component tends to be high during the day and relatively low at night. Wind and climate are also abiotic components. Biotic components of a desert ecosystem consist of plants and animals, whereby these organisms have the ability to sustain extreme temperatures. They also tend to have low production levels and lack diversity because of nutrient inadequacy in this ecosystem. Desert functionality calls for different cycles, for example, the carbon cycle takes a continuous form. The cycle capitalizes on activities of biotic components, as plants take carbon dioxide, water and light in the process of trying to make food and compounds full of carbon. When these plants wither or die, they rot hence giving back carbon elements that had been taken from the soil earlier. Later on young sprouting plants take in these elements. Animals play a vital role in ensuring the success of the carbon cycle, during respiration they do breathe in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. When these animals die, they decompose giving back nutrients to the soil, and this ensures continuity of the cycle. Another cycle in the desert ecosystem is the nitrogen cycle; it refers to how nitrogen is consumed and replaced back to the ecosystem. In a desert ecosystem, the cycle begins with desert plants taking up nitrogen, animals then consume these plants rich in nitrogen as food, the animals are consumed by other animals (carnivores).When this happens nitrogen that was taken from the plants is transferred to the carnivores. In case of death or excretion their remains decompose giving back nitrogen to the soil, soil organisms then assimilate it making it available for the use by plants. Functionality of the desert ecosystem is normally disturbed by certain causes some of which include natural causes. Such natural occurrences as earthquakes, earth
Introduction One of the main features of the modern business world is the high level of competition that continues to increase. This tendency can be explained by the existence of beneficial conditions for the development of small and big companies. Globalization, technological revolution, and intensive international discourse serve as the major facilitators of the rise of various industries and companies. Additionally, the shift in people’s mentalities preconditioned the higher level of independence and the desire for self-actualization. For this reason, the constant appearance of new companies that try to enter various markets is the trend of contemporary society. It contributes to the rapid evolution of multiple spheres of human activities as demand begets supply; however, it also means that to remain competitive, firms have to devote more attention to issues that might guarantee their future development. In this regard, excellent customer service, as one of the fundamental aspects of clients’ satisfaction, becomes one of the most potent tools that should be utilized by companies to achieve high-performance levels and beneficial outcomes. Background Analyzing the increased significance of customer service, the central factors preconditioning its growing importance should be outlined. First of all, modern society can be determined as the consumer one. It means that the consumption of proposed goods is one of the central features that should be considered by various industries to satisfy the constantly growing demand for new commodities (Goetsch & Davis, 2015). At the same time, the availability of numerous products means the existence of a wide choice and multiple options for clients. Under these conditions, to sell a service or a certain object to a group of clients, companies should correctly realize their diversified demands for it. In other words, customization and focus on particular cohorts of people along with the segmentation of the market became an integral part of the modern business world. Furthermore, regarding the fact that the majority of companies recognize this idea, the need for the creation of long-term relations with customers and their loyalty becomes the only possible way to win the rivalry. Customer Service From this very perspective, the idea of excellent customer service emerged in terms of the growing competition between the most influential companies acting in various market segments. The constant broadening of the target audience is a key factor preconditioning the future success of corporations, stable income, and growing interest in its products. That is why trying to generate a competitive environment, representatives of organizations start to adhere to new individualized and flexible approaches ensuring that every customer will remain satisfied with the offered products, services, or other items suggested by firms (Hill, 2017). The given
The reason why humans are being treated like animals in movie “Planet of the Apes”, is because their ancestors failed to deal effectively with apes’ rebellion onboard the space station “Oberon”, before it crushed on Earth. As the result of this event, humans were being consequentially turned into slaves, and made to pay the ultimate price for being weak, in evolutional sense of this word. Thus, we can say that “Planet of the Apes” promotes the idea that the concept of “peaceful coexistence” is metaphysically wrong in its essence. It appears that there are certain parallels can be drawn between how we treat animals and how humans are being treated in the movie. However, it does not imply that the way we treat animals is “morally wrong”. What allowed homo sapiens to become undisputed masters of animal kingdom, is the sheer power of their intellect. In its turn, the intellectual progress of mankind corresponds to the laws of evolution, as we know them. According to these laws – everything that helps a particular species to survive and to grow to dominate others is “good” and everything that weakens this specie is “bad”. If we were to treat animals as equal, it would contradict the laws of nature, for which we would eventually be required to pay heavy price, as it is actually being shown in the movie. There are two reasons as to why Leo Davidson finds himself in 21 st century New York that is being populated by apes, at the end of the movie:  1. Tim Burton originally intended to exploit movie’s ending as the plot basis for a sequel, which was to be produced later.  2. Scene makes mockery of policy of “multiculturalism”, which is being forcibly imposed upon Americans, as biologically counterproductive, because the promoters of racial mixing strive to reverse the course of evolution backwards, with the ultimate goal of turning humans into apes. Bibliography: Planet of the Apes (2001 film) . 2008. Wikipedia. Web.
The article by Peter Singer examines the problems associated with poverty and inequality. The author begins by examining why more people are dying every day. According to the author, many people assume that everything is okay when there are no earthquakes or natural calamities. The outstanding fact from this article is that more citizens are dying every day. Malnutrition is associated with absolute poverty and human death. According to the author, the less fortunate will always remain poor because they cannot afford fertilizers or seeds to produce their own food. Philosophy is a critical field that can help human beings deal with every problem affecting the world. The author achieves this goal by explaining why every person should be responsible for one another. I find this article evocative because it explains why every person is guilty. The rich always purchase expensive commodities and materials. Many people buy such commodities when their neighbors are living in absolute poverty. This situation explains why every person is a murderer. The author has used different ideas from great philosophers, such as Robert Nozick and John Locke, to support his argument. The author explains why many people do not care about their friends and relatives. This fact explains why such people are murderers. The author expects every person to help the poor. This is a moral obligation in order to make the world a good place for every person. The philosophical approach identified in the article reveals why every person should prevent every terrible thing from happening. Every person in society should help and support the poor in order to make the world a better place. The author explains why every person should be ready to deal with illiteracy, insecurity, malnutrition, and absolute poverty because they are bad things. This explains why the rich members of society should be ready to reduce the effects of these bad things. The author uses the best theories and moral principles to explain why the rich should deal with absolute poverty. Poverty causes bad things in the community. Human beings should use their skills in order to deal with the problem of poverty. The author offers acceptable arguments using these theoretical concepts and philosophical ideas. These arguments can help human beings address this problem of absolute poverty. I have also understood why every property in our universe exists for the satisfaction of our needs and expectations. The rich should use whatever they have in order to address the needs of the poor. The rich should use these resources in order to support the poor. This philosophical thought encourages human beings to reexa
Introduction Shakespeare is a classical poet famous for his stumbling, touching verse, skillful imagery, and eternal ideas he touched upon in his dramas, comedies, and sonnets. Every work of Shakespeare has managed to reach its objective, and has contributed to the creation of Shakespeare’s unique literary legacy that is now under the intense investigation. The subject of the present paper is argumentative analysis of poetry, hence one of the most famous Shakespeare’s sonnets “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day” will be subject to analysis and argumentative response in the present work. It is quite easy to analyze sonnets through the prism of poetry analysis, as they possess a rich variety of poetic language units, and they represent a separate entity with a set of its distinguishing peculiarities, the theme and message uncovered through careful reading, the tone unveiled upon the thorough investigation of the plot etc. “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day” The sonnet No. 18 “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day” can be discussed from several angles used to consider poetry. First of all, one may catch the rising tone of the sonnet, since the beginning is of average emotion and intensity, and the starting lines sound more like an inquiry than like a poetic praise: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate (Shakespeare 1-2) However, the first line of the sonnet is a widely known manifestation of love poetry utilized by men in love for several centuries; the very imagery and mode of comparison are very poetic, and the person in love may really find the analogy between a woman he loves and the blessing of a sunny day. Therefore, the similes met in the first two lines are highly eloquent from the point of view of literary analysis: the woman as bright and warm as a sunny day, bringing as much joy and life to every being in the world as the warm summer sun etc. However, Shakespeare even goes farther in his comparison – he states that even the summer day in all its splendor and grandness cannot supersede a beloved woman, she will always remain “more lovely and more temperate” (Shakespeare 2). As Frey notes, there is much beyond a si
An employee is a vital component to an organization. Management of this component is essential for an organization to achieve success. The main objective of an organization is making profit and be successful in keeping her competitors at bay. Firms which have been able to unite brains have been able to achieve their set goals. Organizations need to ensure that the positions in the organization are filled and anytime there is a vacant position, appropriate actions need to be undertaken to ensure the positions remain filled (Stoner, Freeman & Gilbert, 2003). This will ensure that there is no backlog of work and that the firm’s systems are operational at any given time. The employee is responsible for the implementation of the firms plan. Sound human resource policies are important in the selection and recruitment of employees. This will ensure that the firm has the right people to fill various positions (Koontz, 1961). Good working conditions and a competitive salary is also vital to motivate the employees towards achieving the organization dream. Human resources, a body responsible for hiring and firing employees, are tasked to prepare salary scales of the workers to be approved by top-level management. The article aims to discuss compensations and benefits system. In addition, the importance of Holland Enterprises to increase its expenditure base to enhance organizational success is also discussed. How an effective compensation and benefit system contributes to organizational effectiveness Compensation and benefits system of an organization is vital to cope with the day-to-day competition posted by competing firms. This scheme helps ensure employees are motivated at all times. According to recent researches, employee motivation is directly related to the level of production in that the more an employee feels he is cared for the more he will be induced to contribute fully to the firm’s revenue (Bonner et al., 2006). An effective benefit system ensures that all company employees are taken care of as far as their salaries, enumerations and benefit schemes are concerned. In addition, an effective system ought to be in line with the market levels. Compensations are either monetary or non-monetary. Monetary compensation has money value attached to it while the non-monetary compensation entails recognition and improving working environment. The appreciation of an achievement is enough to retain a worker in the firm. Firms with a strong reward system have managed to keep employees in their systems for long as compared to firms with weak or no compensation systems at all (Bell, 2007). Organizational culture is a necessity in the success of a firm. An effective compensations and benefits system helps nurture this culture. The designation of a compensation system is in accord