ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The following is a description of the four elements of marketing mix and their application in marketing a particular product. The product of choice in this case is Heineken, which is a beer brand of the Heineken Company located in Netherlands and is a major exporter of beer brands all over the globe. The company has remained competitive in the market since 1980 due to its choice and balancing of its marketing mix as well as its consistence in the quality of its product. This essay provides the details of the marketing mix applied by the company. The essay discusses how the four elements affect the development of the organization’s marketing strategy. The second part of this essay describes how each of the elements is implemented within the company to ensure successful marketing that result into high sales volume and continued brand loyalty. The product The product of focus is Heineken beer brand, which is an alcoholic drink manufactured by Heineken Company that has established markets globally. Heineken beer was first manufactured in 1890 and has ever since been in the market. The product is made up of barley, sugar, 5% alcohol, and malt. The company has strived to maintain the quality of the beer using the original ingredients that its founder used. The product has a worldwide acceptance due to its high quality, low alcohol content as well as the customers’ perceived value that they have on the beer. The beer company has an objective to be the producer of the best beer in the market with a niche in the emerging markets such as China and Brazil. The price The pricing of the product is a key component of the marketing mix because the price affects the perceived value that the consumers have on the product. Although the product was initially designed for mass consumption, the beer has never been sold at low price compared with other alcoholic products in the market. Heineken beer brand has cut a niche in the market, which is perceived to have a higher value than most of the existing beer products because of its ability to maintain consistency to the consumers for a long period by not changing the initial contents of the beer brand. The consistency builds trust where those who consume the product can pay any price for the beer. The beer price is higher in comparison with other beer brands. Currently, a 500 milliliter bottle costs $50 in the United States of America as the retail price, which communicates the value of the product. Maintaining the perceived value of the product is an important element of marketing as it makes the product competitive. Promotion The other element of marketing mix is promotion, which is imperative in marketing and any marketing strategy cannot be effective w
Introduction Patient waiting time is a major issue in the provision of healthcare. This is because it affects the quality of care that patients receive in a hospital. The patient waiting time can influence the outcomes of the visit by the patient to the hospital (McHugh, Van Dyke, McClelland, & Moss, 2011). For instance, failure to attend to the patient fast enough can cause the patient’s condition to worsen. In this sense, patient waiting time can influence the outcomes of the treatment process, including patient satisfaction. Definition of Patient Waiting Time The term “patient waiting time” carries different meanings in different works depending on usage. Different scholars use it to express different sets of periods that relate to the time it takes patients to access health services. Sinreich and Marmor (2005) distinguished between two types of waiting periods as turnaround time and patient waiting time. In their view, turnaround time was the total time the patient spent in the hospital. On the other hand, patient waiting time referred to the time the patient spent in the waiting areas before accessing health services. The difference in the two periods was that the turnaround time included the period that the patient spent while receiving care. In a study of six major hospitals in Israel, the total patient waiting time as defined by Sinreich and Marmor (2005) constituted 51-63% of total turnaround time. Roper St. Francis Healthcare (RSFH, 2010) looked at patient waiting time as the time it took to admit a patient after physicians made the decision to admit the patient. Their local terminology for this period was the “door to bed” duration. It referred to the total time it took between the arrival and the admission of a patient (RSFH, 2010). Sullivan (2012) on the other hand used the phrase “wait time” to refer to the duration starting with the arrival of a patient and ending with the time of discharge or admission (p. 2). The comparison of the use of the term “patient waiting time” makes it clear that the use of the term is contextual. In broad terms, it may refer to any period where a patient is inside the door of the hospital but is still within the reception of the facility. It is possible to look at it as the dormant time spent in hospital, or the total time spent in hospital. Any work that seeks to address the delays in patient waiting time must define the term to clarify the intended meaning. Otherwise, the term is open to interpretation from various scholars. Sullivan (2012) provided four metrics for measuring patient waiting time in Newfoundland and Labrador. These metrics form a very good set of indicators relating to the main issues for consideration when conducting an analysis of patient waiting time. The metrics include the time it takes to see a doctor after arrival at the hospital and the total time a patient spends in the ED. They also include the percentag
Introduction The global company chosen for analysis is a US-headquartered multinational known as Nike Inc. It is the global leader of athletic footwear supplies. However, it also engages in the provision of apparel, sports equipment as well as sports related-services such as training software. The firm’s global supply chain spans across multiple countries around the world, with the largest portion coming from Asia. The US represents its largest market while several other western nations have shown considerable loyalty towards the company’s wares. Ethical perspectives in the global organisation As a manufacturing organisation, Nike must tackle ethical issues revolving around production of its goods. It must strike a balance between the cost efficient production of its goods as well as the fair treatment of its employees as well as its other stakeholders. One issue of concern is the need to pay minimum wage to its workers. Nike does not directly create all of its products; it contracts manufacture to companies around the world especially in Asia (Nike Inc., 2012). As a result, the organisation must ensure that minimum wages are paid to workers and overtime is dully compensated. Ethical issues revolving around the working conditions must also be taken into consideration. Nike is ethically obligated to provide its workers with the right working conditions. If they come in contact with toxic substances during production, then the firm would be violating its ethical obligations if it does not protect its employees. However, it must also consider the cost implications of doing this. These are all challenges that most be addressed by the organisation. Employers must also treat workers with dignity without abusing them. However, this is a fine balancing act owing to the fact that Nike needs to reap value from its employees. It needs to ensure that they exploit their potential and exert themselves within reasonable limits. Environmental concerns also play an important role in ethical dimensions of production within this organisation. Since it has manufacturing centres in various parts of the world, it needs to ensure that it does not contribute to the phenomenon of global warming through pollution. Additionally, the company has an opportunity to be proactive about production, especially in the wake of recycling as a common phenomenon in manufacturing. Workers’ age is a matter of concern for the company as well. Child labour is prohibited by most countries around the world. However, because Nike is global organisation, it may not always be possible to ensure that only adults are employed. If the organisation becomes complacent about this matter, then anti-globalisation groups as well as other human rights group may detect the practice and hold the company to account. Ethical perspectives across cultures in Nike Cultures across the world differ about the issue of child labour. While most governments officially condemn the practice, a lot more comes into play when dealing with the problem practically. Countries such as Cambodia are notorious for tolerance of this practice. Furthermore, bec
Both Raymond Chandler and James M. Cain are reputable representatives of hard-boiled crime novels. Their works are famous for overstrained plots in which their characters undergo a variety of challenges and reveal the depth of human souls in the particular historical and cultural period. The hard-boiled detective has developed from the classical detective story. Thus, there is a crime and the detective who investigates that crime and finds a villain. However, the hard-boiled detective story differs from the classical detective in several ways. First, personal emotions and passions are significant in hard-boiled detectives. Unlike classical detectives where the investigation and the explanation of crime are central, the personal confrontation between protagonist and antagonist is significant in hard-boiled stories. Also, the hard-boiled novels depict detectives as “cool guys” who are often trapped in dangerous situations. When speaking about texts under considerations, it should be noted that they belong to the so-called “noir fiction”. According to Horsley, “noir thrillers are stories that can be seen as very directly related to the socio-economic circumstances of the time” (par. 1). Raymond Chandler’s The Big Sleep is considered to be one of the best novels of the author. It was published in 1939. This story is famous for its complicated plot and the controversy of the situation depicted. Besides, Phillip Marlowe, Chandler’s protagonist and detective, appears in this story for the first time. The story is about Marlowe’s investigation of the case of blackmailing of General Sternwood’s daughter — Carmen Sternwood. Marlowe investigates the complicated case and finally finds out that Carmen, together with his sister Vivien, are involved in murders and criminal activities. The Big Sleep was published during the peak of the Great Depression. It depicts the peculiarities of that period taking Los Angeles as an example. Chandler criticizes American way of life at those times. He reveals the corruptness and falsity of human emotions in American society in the 1930s. James M. Cain’s Double Indemnity is a 1943 noir detective that depicts the story of the average insurance agent Walter Huff and Phyllis Nirdlinger. Phyllis is a wife of some Mr. Nirdlinger, who has an auto insurance policy. Phyllis seduces Walter in the attempt to involve him in the crime — to cause her husband’s death in the train accident to receive insurance coverage of forty-five thousand dollars. They both manage to conduct a crime. However, their intentions are revealed, and they decide to commit suicide to omit punishment. The story is told in a gloomy tone that is used for the depiction of the human greed. The novel, the same as The Big Sleep , describes the American society during the Great Depression in a cynical manner. The author also emphasizes the role and the potential danger of the “small man’s greed”. The convention of the femme fatale is of great significance for the noir fictio
Having the right members is the key to an effective working team. Choosing Mark John, Mary Wilson, James Cork and Philip Johnson to join the project was not based on the number but on how we will work well as a team. My team shares common goals, agendas, visions and timelines. The dynamics of my team are a vital part to achieve its success (Frank &Larson, 2001). This team will accomplish a lot not based on individual capabilities but on established relationships as members understand and value each other’s company. Additionally, what the team needs comes first before individual’s desires. Project introduction The chief executive officer, line managers and my fellow departmental heads welcome to yet another meeting in furthering the organizations visions and missions. We have all come here to initiate the facility design team that will be tasked with designing optimal working space for our employees for the newly leased space across the street. The project head will be I Oliver Kim and my team will be composed of Mark John, Mary Wilson, James Cork and Philip Johnson besides other collaborations with the different departments in the organization. The agenda of the meeting has been clearly outlined in the documents on your tables. This meeting is intended to only take three hours utmost with each objective having a maximum timeline of forty minutes. Project background Following limited space at our organization, it has been found that it would be in order to lease another premise to provide more space for our employees enhancing continued effectiveness in our service delivery. Project organization The marketing communication department will be in charge of the team. Mark John will be in charge of utilities dispatch, waste removal and a custodian of process information. Mary Wilson will be responsible in making sure that coherence is adhered to between processes that will involve material flow, storage and personnel work places. Philip Johnson will be in charg
Music and appearance always had a symbiotic relationship. Clothes, appearance, attitude are used to accentuate the image projected on the stage, and the music played before the audience. A musician that performs in front of the crowd is, more or less, a character. By looking at performers, in most cases, it is easy to discern which genre of music they perform. Rock music, pop music, country music, classic music, and others, all have their own “uniforms.” Rock singers tend to wear dark clothes and have long hair, pop-singers are known for extravagance, and classic musicians are often dressed in formal suits and tuxedos. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamic between the sound and the look of two representatives of the Soul Jazz music genre – Adele Laurie Blue Adkins and Amy Winehouse. Before comparing the two singers, their styles, and their music, let us review the genre both of them shared. Soul music originated in the United States, and initially reflected on the black experience in America. A lot of its leading singers were African-American. Its peak of popularity was immediately after its appearance, which was in the 1950s-1960s. Soul music used to be on the tops of every radio’s music lists. The genre itself is a combination of many techniques typical to other musical branches, namely African-American gospel music, jazz, and blues ( Soul music 2017). The genre is characterized by its rhythmic melodies accentuated by claps, slaps against the musical instruments, and appropriate bodily motions. The genre itself influenced and intermingled with other genres, thus allowing for different branches and splinters. Eventually, it spread beyond the sea and became popular in other parts of the world – Great Britain in particular. Both Adele and Amy Winehouse were born around 20 years after the golden age of Soul music. Adele’s image on the stage could be considered to be rather modest. It is not flashy as it is often expected by popular singers and musicians. She wears dresses of dark color, which is often accompanied by a scarf. It projects calmness, serenity, and warmth. This resonates with the way she sings and what she sings about. After breaking up with her significant other, the primary subjects in Adele’s songs are yearning, nostalgia, and melancholy ( Adele biography 2016). She laments about the passage of time and about all the things that were not
Abstract Alcohol addiction is a disease that affects the biochemistry and function of the brain adversely due to its depressant effects. Impaired judgment, memory, and eventual dependence and addiction are some of the severe effects. This addiction is learned through a behaviorism paradigm where alcohol acts as external stimuli. The brain responds in a neuroadaptation response, and the individual gets into chronic alcohol use as a means of satisfying the stimulated urge and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. At this level, the individual is best termed as an alcohol addict. Alcohol Addiction as a Learned Behavior Alcohol addiction is generally considered a disease of the brain since alcohol addiction alters the biochemistry and physiology of the brain. The damage that is inflicted on the brain leads to continual alcohol use as the individual’s judgment is impaired; thus, the actions are also impaired. Alcohol is classified as a “central nervous system depressant” (Maurer & Smith, 2005, p. 557), hence a slowdown in brain activity results. The effects of alcohol are more pronounced in the brain since the brain receives a lot of blood, which carries the dissolved alcohol. Dunlap (n.d.) mentions that alcohol causes intoxication and impairment in the functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Sensory, memory, and judgment abilities are therefore greatly impaired by alcohol. Consuming alcohol over a long time leads to alcohol dependency and CNS tolerance as well as augmentation. Alcohol also causes the problem of learned behavior syndrome, ‘wet brain’ as well as addiction. Behaviorism in Alcohol Addiction Alcohol addiction can be explained using the behaviorism paradigm of learning. The behaviorism paradigm posits that for every behavior that is exhibited, there must be environmental stimuli that triggered it. In this regard, the internal state of mind is deemed irrelevant in explaining behavior. The learner of the behavior is considered to take
Abstract The invention of the Internet and social networks has greatly affected almost all spheres of life. Cyberspace has gained increased usage especially among the young population that uses it as the exclusive communication channel. However, this invention has advantages and disadvantages based on its influence on different activities. Its effect on religion is twofold. It has influenced religion both positively and negatively. The issues surrounding the effects of the Internet on religion have been the center of controversy of the debate on the topic with scholars belonging to either of the sides seeking to substantiate their arguments. This paper explores the different arguments on the topic to determine the most convincing side. To achieve this objective, the paper examines the positive and the negative effects of the Internet on religion with a view of determining the overall outcomes. The positive impacts of the cyberspace on religion outweigh the negatives. Introduction The topic of the effects of the Internet on religion has sparked heated debate among scholars and theologians. Some individuals argue that the cyberspace has produced positive results while others disregard such assertions. The supporters of the positive impacts argue that the internet has facilitated the interaction between the followers, thus, leading to the strengthening of the concerned religion. Additionally, the cyberspace facilitates the availability of religious materials and information about religions, which leads to the absorption of more people to different faiths (Crabtree, 2013). The result of this move is the reduction of unaffiliated populations across the globe. On the other side of the divide, critics argue that the Internet has harmful effects on religion owing to the availability of contradictory materials about different faiths. The Internet allows for the comparison of different religions, thus, leading to confusion among the followers and the complexity in choice about the religion to follow (Crabtree, 2013). The other negative impact that the cyberspace has on religion is that it promotes immorality due to the lack of online censorship. Therefore, people end up sharing immoral content like pornography, which disregards the concepts of morality. Henderson, Larsen, and Thumma (2002) argue that following the invention of the Internet, the number of affiliated members of different religions has grown tremendously with the majority of individuals across the world associating with a certain faith. For example, the members of Christianity fraternity have grown exponentially over the past few decades following the increased use of the cyberspace to spread the gospel of Christ. Therefore, while the Internet is attributed to a few wrongs, it is beneficial as it allows people to interact with fellow followers. Additionally, the cyberspace provides a venue through which religious leaders can promote their message to woo more followers. For example, social media users tend to be affiliated to one or more faiths, thus, sealing the affiliation gap. Hu (2014) disputes the positiv
Over the years, developmentalists, non governmental organizations and donor governments have been engaged on a conscious effort to ensure that they results to a world that has no suffering through giving their assistance in areas of need. Due to these conscious efforts, the international non governmental organizations (INGOs) as well as many countries especially the financially endowed countries have engaged in development agendas to ensure that human suffering in the world is reduced and eventually eradicated. Development has taken various forms from long term efforts to short-term effort meant to provide support for people who are affected by a specific crisis. Although the idea of aid is welcomed by many stakeholders in any crisis, some people have criticized the new form of aid being disbursed as relief. Duffield (43) in his article criticizes relief and argues that the trends that have been exhibited in the field of aid disbursement are worrying. According to Duffield aid has slowly been channeled from development to relief. He criticizes relief as a short-term temporary measure that lacks the capacity to provide tangible solutions towards the vulnerabilities of its targets. Relief happens to be channeled to answer some specific and urgent needs of a population. It therefore lacks the capacity to focus on the future as its main aim is to alleviate a specific suffering that is afflicting a given population of people. Since aid is directed to such a population, I find it agreeable that relief lacks the mechanism to develop a permanent solution to any crisis. However, despite this being known, the end of the cold and the gulf war has seen more and more percentage of all aids going for emergency and relief services. The explanations and fears that Duffield has outlined towards his reservation on the use of aid for relief services are convincing. According to him, relief channeled towards complex emergencies lacks in capacity to influence the development of any long term plan that may be no more beneficial to the populations once the crisis that the relief seeks to address is eliminated. Higher percentages of aids are now being channeled towards relief due to what has come to be known as complex emergencies. Relief is often spent in a manner that may be questionable as emergencies are not preplanned events. Due to this reason therefore, it is important that aid be directed to developmental purposes whereby even the emergency reliefs will incorporate approaches of sustainability. Since the world trends of development is already known, it is important that the world focuses more on development rather than relief. As noted by Duffield (116) human vulnerabilities are increasing in areas where there are no developments. He notes that the pattern of development is such that poor countries sinks further into poverty while the ones with higher we