ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The program theory is one of the aspects of researching social behavior and those issues that develop under the influence of certain trends. Rossi, Lipsey, and Freeman (2004) consider this concept and assess its features and application in modern conditions. This work has significance in relation to the study of social aspects and factors influencing the emergence of new approaches to the evaluations of various behavioral forms. Assessing the program theory is an important component of work aimed at studying the interaction of individual services and their perception by the population. Basic Notions of the Program Theory Evaluating the program theory as one of the main factors determining the existing social trends in relation to social development allows identifying its most significant components. According to Mertens and Wilson (2018), it provides an opportunity to describe the models and frameworks in which people live and use all available services. Rossi et al. (2004) support this formulation and provide the basic elements of the theory, mentioning its impact, a service utilization plan, and an organization plan. Each of the components has its own characteristics and is considered an algorithm for the provision of certain services based on current resources. The goals and objectives of this theory are to find an explanation for certain issues of the development of a society based on causes and consequences. As Rossi et al. (2004) argue, some philosophical arguments may be applied to this concept. At the same time, real social phenomena are the key tools that sociologists use for evaluation. In order for the concept to work stably, it is essenti
Introduction In ancient Europe, infrastructure was archaic and medieval. They were simple but even with their simplicity, the merchants, the soldiers, and the pilgrims of ancient Europe did use this infrastructure. An analysis of today’s infrastructure to the landscape of Europe shows that Europe has developed from such archaic infrastructure into modernized infrastructure. Thus, elements of today’s Europe need to be well studied to well understand the whole aspect of infrastructure about the landscape. It should be understood that linear characteristics or features can be defined in terms of the elements that structure the landscape (Lamy, 2005). A study of the history of structures in Europe has revealed that structure planning on the European landscape began a long time ago, close to one century. This means that as time has been moving on, the people on the European continent have been thinking of ways to restructure the infrastructure to match time requirements. It further means that they have a greater value in the linear structures such as roads and linkages. Today’s infrastructure in Europe is characterized by modern roads and railways. Besides, distinct waterways for marine operations and transportation have developed, with many harbors and docking points developing (Wolfgang et al, 2011). Today’s railway lines are quite modern. The rails make such an important element of the infrastructure on the European landscape. Given that the landscape is partly mountainous, underground railway lines are characteristic of the European landscape. Thus, it means that the technology on the continent is now fully-fledged and its results are more evident in the development of the infrastructure that is not only hi-tech but also breath-taking. Glimpses at the modern roads show a technological skill that is in a class of its own. These roads, as elements of today’s European infrastructure, are indeed modern- to suit the mountainous landscape. These landscape infrastructures create a perfect linkage between cities and towns of the European landmass. Conclusion It has been noted that the European landscape infrastructure has developed from archaic features as paths into modern infrastructures that are a show of modern technology. It was further realized that the landscape elements and linear features give a linkage between towns and cities, making human activities easier due to the ease with which transportation has become. Thus, it was stated after a study of the modern European landscape infrastructure that roads, highways, and super-highways, modern railway lines that have underground passages and waterways are the features or elements of today’s landscape infrastructure in Europe. These infrastructures h
Executive Summary This report aims to advise the management of the hospital on the best strategies for improving its primary filing system. The hospital needs to move from its current straight numerical filing system to a terminal digit filing system. It gives the necessary steps and the cost the hospital will incur in putting up a new filing system. Introduction Saint Randall’s Private Hospital is experiencing a major problem with its filing system. Its filing system is smaller compared to the number of medical records it can accommodate. The total storage capacity has a deficit of approximately 40%. Also, the wooden shelves on the shelves are very old and in need of a major renovation. As a result of these problems, several OH&S concerns have developed among many people. Missing records and wrongly filed information have developed into a common issue at the hospital (Koch, 1969). Therefore, this paper gives the best recommendations regarding the best strategies for the conversion of the hospital’s filing system from the current straight numerical to the terminal digit filing system. The terminal digit filing system is a numerical system, which effectively maximizes organization by enabling even distribution of patient records across the HIS. AHIMA is an organization whose main objective is to educate, provide resources and instruments to transmit information on health and professional practice (AHIMA, 2009). This organization provides solutions to all the problems that HIMs face. Conversion Conversion from numerical filing to terminal digit filing will involve changes to not only the paper medical record but integrated hospital IT systems also. Primarily a terminal digit, otherwise known as a UR number develops for each existing patient. This situation comes about through various patient management systems, so it is crucial to determine whether or current PMI can do this, if not we will need to incorporate new patient management software into the hospital. Also, new patient UR numbers should be added to already existing hospital software as the primary source of identification. The front cover of the paper-based record will have to change to help in the filing. Policy for patient wristbands will require a review as wristbands now need to have the patient UR number present on the band. Finally, HIS staff will need to be trained on how to use terminal digit filing systems (Cooper, 1993). Health Record Covers The front cover of the paper-based record will need to be changed, meaning that each existing record will need to be re-jacketed with new file covers. The new file jackets will be color-coded in 10 different jackets, each color coinciding with a block of files
Introduction Today, more than ever before, the art of evaluating materials, extracts or textbooks is increasingly gaining currency as an important strategy in the teaching and learning process. Teachers are often required to evaluate, select, and adapt teaching materials to not only meet their teaching and students’ learning requirements, but also to optimise learning potentials (Allwright1981; Sheldon 1988). In this light, the present paper evaluates several English extracts with the view to synthesising the positives and negatives. The main components to be evaluated include vocabulary, reading, speaking and writing, listening, as well as pronunciation. Vocabulary The activity on vocabulary discusses options by attempting to find and pair two sentences containing similar meanings with a sentence in the boxed section. The utilisation of boxed sentences attracts the students’ attention to the vocabulary exercise and directs their input to the activity under study. The requirement to identify two sentences containing similar meanings with one of the boxed sentences can be termed as a form of deliberate learning which can readily transfer to communicative erudition (Nation 2003). The pairing of the sentences is quite involving to learners as they must understand the meanings of the two sentences to be able to pair them with a sentence in the boxed section. As such, the activity is effective in assisting students to learn and internalise vocabularies owing to the fact that learners remain active participants in the learning process. Additionally, the exercise is effective as it assumes a planned approach to vocabulary development in terms of understanding which words and vocabularies can be used to replace others in a sentence and still get the same meaning. The activity is likely to make a strong contribution to the learning of various vocabularies as students rely on matching and generative use of sentences to pair them in order to achieve similar meaning. Although no incidental learning is likely to occur, the students will nevertheless benefit from information transfer through answering questions that extend the meaning or use of words in the text and also through deliberate attention to vocabulary (Nation 2003). The form of matching words with definitions is also likely to be of immense benefit to students undertaking this activity. Furthermore, this exercise is bound to assist students in finding common meanings of sentences, choosing the right meaning, as well as undertaking semantic feature analysis. However, although the exercise exemplifies a student-centred approach to learning vocabulary, it nevertheless encourages the propensity to concentrate on i
Introduction The labor market is equivalent to any other market. In fact, it is where labor is traded for wages. Inherently, there are assumptions that guide the labor market. For instance, there is a direct correlation between human resource (labor) and income distribution (wages and profits). Hence, different theories have been advanced regarding labor markets. Theories developed Marxists tend to advocate for fair distribution of income between the employer and the employee. However, this is rarely the case given that those who receive the highest rewards do so based on merit. Marx theory of rebellion and labor relations encounters considerable criticism although it is not analyzed directly in international research. The theory persistently attracts class theory that is boosted by uninspiring alternatives presented in sociology (Parkin 119). Marx held the position that proletarian rebellion would take place in first world countries including the United States and European countries. Other theories hold the meritocracy perspective where those who are lowly waged possess the least labor market value. This paper examines the extent at which Marxist concept of exploitation is useful in understanding the contemporary labor market. Marxist ideas Marx presented his audience with two sets of ideologies. The first was the theory of society. The theory explains how the community functions in view of the nature of capitalism. The view is relevant in describing what is happening to the society. Conversely, Marx considered capitalism as extremely unsatisfactory. He sought to have capitalism abolished through violent revolution. He advocated for the establishment of a communist society. The success of his idea would have seen employees have better working conditions with an increase in remuneration. Marx within the framework of ‘factory despotism’ viewed conflict in class between informal employment and white-collar employment. The conflict intimately matches the social confrontation regarding the sharing of rewards and prerogatives of command (Robertson 160). This is particularly the case in industrial situations where even the low status of white-collar personnel is cast in the position of administrative subalterns (Boswell and Dixon 545). Within the context of capitalism presented by the distinctive industrial organizations, the sociological model of class holds the position that recommends capitalism as a substitute of the view constructed around the right of individuals to employment. Few people in the western societies do not support Marx idea of violent revolution. Some think that capitalism is desirable. Marx concepts are useful in understanding the community without accommodating Mar
American politics, especially their early version, are linked to the philosophies pioneered in England. Before the establishment of the United States as an independent republic, its movement leaders pondered the ideas of liberty and civil rights. 1 However, the law was not transparent enough for ordinary people to understand – it did not have a structure or a logical flow. 2 This trend changed after William Blackstone, a British lawyer, published one of his most famous works, Commentaries on the Laws of England . This collection of comments and discussions highlighted the role of the citizen in the country and greatly influenced the formation of the American ideas of the common law. In his Commentaries , Blackstone outlined four sets of rights for persons, things, private wrongs, and public wrongs. 3 The books were innovative in that they systematized and explained the basis of common law, which made the idea of one’s rights understandable to the reader without a law degree. Published in 1765-1769, the Commentaries reached America by the 1770s, several years before the establishment of the US. 4 Apart from being easy to read, the texts also contained ideas that aligned with Americans’ arising philosophy of liberty. Blackstone wrote that “political or civil liberty is the very end and scope of the constitution,” which one can see in the founding documents of the US. 5 For example, the Declaration of Independence states that such rights as “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” are unalienable. 6 At the same time, the Constitution posits that the goal of the people of the US is to “secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity.” 7 Thus, one can see the influence that Blackstone had on the Founding Fathers, providing a template on which they could establish the new country’s common law. Tocqueville’s writing, Democracy in America , supports Blackstone’s position about people’s rights. Tocqueville considers people within a social system, putting people’s actions in circumstances and laws that surround them. 8 This is a practice that is central to the common law described by Blackstone. Thus, in the US, the position of equality, based on the Commentaries’ foundation of liberty, leads to a particular set of laws that people have to uphold in democracy. Notably, both authors conn
The Coca-Cola Company is a manufacturing company focusing on beverages. As an organization, it should be very careful when it comes to environmental factors, which can affect domestic and global markets. The Coca-Cola Company’s marketing decision mechanism is influenced by environmental factors, which may have a favorable or adverse effect on their domestic and global operations. For an organization’s marketing plan to have a positive impact, the company should have enough knowledge and information about how these factors can influence their operations domestically, regionally, and globally. The Coca-Cola Company has successfully demonstrated domestic and global market operations. This ensured that it is among the best beverage companies worldwide (Saleem, 2010). This is a significant factor that impacts on the company’s marketing decisions. The term economic interdependence suggests that economies of various organizations are closely intertwined. In this case, if one organization collapses, it will affect the others. This was a requirement set by the WTO during its establishment. This was meant to assist the member nations to control and scrutinize all the imported products and ensure that they comply with their domestic manufacturing standards. This suggests that no country should be accorded preferential treatment, which could enhance global trade. This gives various possibilities and opportunities to the Coca-Cola Company to grow globally (Saleem, 2010). The Coca-Cola Company offers different packaging and flavoring according to its customer’s preferences. It provides different sizes, which target different customers. Demographics refer to the study of population. Demographic factors include death rates, education level, income level, and marital status. When a company can comprehend the society’s demographics, it will be able to produce the required quantity and regulate its prices. The Coca-Cola Company is capable of dealing with all these. The infrastructure is all about transportation, and elaborate transportation mechanisms have enabled the Coca-Cola Company to transport its products to different countries (Saleem, 2010). The culture of this company is best exemplified in its seven core values. Some of the notable values are leadership and accountability. In addition, there are diversity, a firm belief in personal and corporate integrity, and teamwork among the others. The Coca-Cola Company’s fundamental promise is to refresh individual’s mind, spirit, and finally body. This organization keeps its promise. Changes in social cultural trends lead to changes in dema
Due to rapid population increases, human-generated conditions have caused significant disruption in the earth’s biosphere. Increased population has caused an increase in deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels. According to Brusseau et al. (2019), the world’s population is progressively increasing at a rapid rate. This increase has promoted encroachment of forested land for human settlement. Forest clearance causes climate change, soil erosion, and flooding. Moreover, the burning of fossil fuels due to the development of technology has led to increased emissions of carbon dioxide, which destroys the ozone layer, worsening the problem of climate change. According to research done on the effect of fossil fuel on the environment, fossil fuel is the leading cause of the environmental population (Li et al., 2019). Population pressure and technology have caused significant disruption of the biosphere through deforestation and fossil fuel use. The earth faces three major environmental crises: overpopulation, climate change, and global warming. Overpopulation is the leading cause of the two other problems. Overpopulation has been caused by the rapid increase in population in developing countries. The rapid population leads to an increase in the clearance of forests and industrialization. The gases produced in these industries disrupt the ozone layer, increasing temperatures. This situation with high temperatures causes the melting of glacial ice and increased precipitation promoting global warming (Tebaldi et al., 2021). Continued global warming slowly leads to changes in climate over time. The continued increase in population, global warming, and climate change has caused an environmental crisis. In conclusion, human beings should take good care of their planet. They should use birth control measures to control the rate of population growth. Moreover, governments should encourage the use of renewable energy sources to fossil fuels to reduce the effects of climate change and global warming. More effort should be given to planting trees to encounter the impact of deforestation (Al-Ghussain, 2018). Every person has to take care of the environment. Therefore, every person should make it their role to conserve the environment and save the world from environmental crises.
Executive Summary In the recent past, Indonesia has been experiencing an improving gross domestic growth rate and purchasing parity despite the global financial crisis of 2007. However, the economic growth rate is hampered by unfavorable economic, political and social parameters like inflation, corruption, nepotism, and racism. In the 1960s, the country suffered an economic crisis which was believed to have been caused by corruption and inflation in the country. Governments, nongovernmental organization, and civil groups have joined efforts to alleviate corruption; however it still is persistent. Indonesia is among world’s most inflated countries with inflation of more than 10% since the 1960s; with such a record in inflation, the country has continued to suffer a reducing purchasing power parity (PPP) (Fane, 2003). Corruption can be found among political leaders, public institutions, individuals, and private institutions; the “culture” hinders rapid growth in the oil rich country. Statement of issue The main issue affecting the country is to determine when corruption will be completely alleviated and who should be held responsible of the situation in the country. When will there be corrupt free institutions in Indonesia? Corruption is the main cause of all the problems in Indonesia; then the big question is, is there an effective policy that can completely eradicate this big problem? Has Indonesia been using the wrong development strategy? Introduction In the 1960s Indonesia suffered political instability that did not spare the economic situation; it was during this time that the country’s then president, Suharto was classified among the most corrupt leaders by transparency international. It was in 1990s while Suharto was still the president, that corruption gained momentum to a point that the government was not able to clear its debts or collect outstanding debts from its debtors. There was a high level of bankruptcy and the government was not able to bail out those who were bankrupt. Moreover, the legal system was very weak to control any economic activities of the country. Businesses were carried out normally although the economy did n