ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Human Resource Department is endowed with the task of assisting the organization it is representing in attaining its goals and meeting the needs of its workers. This department is the hub of the company acting as a liaison between all the parties concerned with the aim of improving the performance of the organization. The efforts of the HR Department are increasingly being recognized as an essential element in organizational success; therefore, a major focus of the department’s interventions is an effort to influence the behavior of the employees. It is important to note that providing the workforce with the necessary expertise and behaviour is able make an organization to realize its objectives. Therefore, the HR Department plays a pivotal role in influencing the behaviour of the employees in an organization. The behavior of the employees is influenced by numerous and complex factors. This makes the process of identification of these factors to be difficult to ascertain. However, as much as it is not an easy task, identification of these factors is essential for any HR Department program to bear fruits in influencing employee behavior. External forces, those that are found outside the organization, or internal forces, those within the employees, affect the behavior of the employees. Therefore, the internal and the external forces interact to give yield to a given behavioural characteristic in an employee. This is why it is important for the HR Department to evaluate these factors when trying to influence the behaviour of the employees. Factors in the external environment such as the state of the economy, laws by the government, activities of the competitors, or technological changes, generally affect the behaviour of the employees (Werner & DeSimone, 2009, p.37). Influences from outside can also have a negative impact on the organizations with stable internal work environments and accredited standards of employee behaviours. In most instances, external influences usually compel companies to make drastic actions such as reducing the number of their employees by downsizing in order to reduce costs. Recent studies have indicated that the practice of downsizing leads to a lower employee satisfaction because the remaining employees generally fear that they may be the next targets. In order for companies to attain their goals, maintaining their investment in the employees is imperative. This should be done even if they are restructuring or downsizing. Therefore, to influence the employee behaviour, the HR Department should focus on programs to train those who have not been downsized. However, because the practice of downsizing has a huge impact for human
One design option for public accommodation for long-term veterans could be a Chinese courtyard concept or a combination of multiple courtyards. With this option, a large open area is located in the center, and residential and utility rooms are located along the perimeter. This method of placement allows one to satisfy several needs at once. First, since some veterans have their psychological characteristics and even traumas, this layout option will allow territorially separating people of different temperaments. Second, considering individuals’ need for socialization, they can meet and communicate at any convenient time, both outdoors and in rooms designed for group meetings. Moreover, each person will have the opportunity to go to their apartment if desired. Third, the presence of public space in the open air is a vital feature of this project. Fresh air has a beneficial effect on human health, and within the framework of this design, every veteran will be able to spend time in nature in sufficient quantities. As for the geographical location of such a project, it is best to place such buildings in suburban areas. This allows a potential veteran complex to be located close to all the infrastructure necessary for life. Simultaneously, constructing a structure outside the city limits will be cheaper and more convenient since, in the city, it is often difficult to find spacious, free-planning premises designed for diverse use (Garrido et al., 2017). Suburbs in this context is the best option, as it will provide veterans with comfortable accessibility from the city without being completely isolated from public life. A project of this kind requires more detailed implementation and refinement. However, during the initial analysis, the formation of interconnected closed courtyards will satisfy all the people who will live there. Reference Garrido, M. M., Allman, R. M., Pizer, S. D., Rudolph, J. L., Thomas, K. S., Sperber, N. R., Van Houtven, C. H., & Frakt, A. B. (2017). Innovation in a learning health care system: Veteran‐directed home‐ and community‐based services . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 65 (11), 2446–2451. Web.
Introduction Abuse involves wrongdoing by a public official while in the line of official duty or simply misuse of power vested on him/her. In our case, we are focusing on police misconducts, which they exercise while carrying out their duties. Police forces tend to lack trust and impartiality, which is a severe offense that may cost them the eir job. We shall widely look into the circumstances under which the mission of our forces use their power and the repercussion that follow. It is no doubt that the police are there to protect the welfare of the public in general and also to maintain orders as provided by the law. There are guidelines that outline how the police should handle different issues when they arise, and the law spells out the situations under which police officers are supposed to apply extra force on the offenders. It is unlawful to assault a person without prior reason of doing so, and this has been observed in the police force for a long time when they tend to over exercise their power to innocent citizens while participating in peaceful demonstrations. Instances of shooting and killing of innocent people have been reported, this is unconstitutional, and issues such as these should be dealt with seriously to avoid the occurrence of the same in the future. People have rights to demand what they want from the government, and peaceful demonstration is not illegal or against the law (Owens & Jeffrey, 2002). People should respond to these issues in different ways to shun these forms of abuse. Political Actions In case a police officer abuses his/her power and engage in brutality, individuals should respond politically to ensure that justice prevails as the culprit is brought to book thus facing the consequences. We need not fear when addressing issues that concern our well being and people should form groups that will mobilize the entire community to know their rights and how to handle any misconduct or assault (Owens & Jeffrey, 2002). People should defend their victims by challenging the police either through the media or the court of law, and this will make our police refrain from abuse and awful behaviors. People should resist all manner of police brutality regardless of their rank or even their economic status. Legislative Action The law has spelled out clearly when, and the instance under which a law enforcer can lawfully apply constrains while performing their duties. This normally uses when a police officer finds himself under the delicate situation that calls for self-defense or if he/she ob
Introduction Recession affects all aspects of national output and has a negative impact on GDP, employment, real income, production output and other elements of economic activity. During 2008 and 2009, the recession occurred as a result of the banking crisis since these institutions did not have enough funds for lending. Bank lending decreased, leading to a subsequent confidence decline and liquidity issues. The leading indicator of recession in 2008 was the gross domestic product (GDP) decline. This paper aims to examine the effects of the 2008-2009 recession in the United Kingdom and define key macroeconomic concepts that relate to it. Key Concepts and Events Understanding the fundamental concepts of macroeconomics will help evaluate the causes and consequences of the 2008-2009 recession in the United Kingdom. The recession has several definitions, which emphasise different aspects of macroeconomics, such as GDP, employment, national output and others. According to Horner and Stoddard (2018, p. 30), the recession is “the period where actual growth is negative for two consecutive years.” A notion, which describes an opposite case is an economic boom – where the rate of growth is above average. Therefore, in order to examine the recession in the United Kingdom, it is necessary to evaluate the major macroeconomic indicators of growth. The United Kingdom was not the only country affected by the recession, as it signified a prolonged period of negative growth globally. However, this paper will focus specifically on the economic impact of the recession on inflation, income and stability. Office for National Statistics (2018) assesses the critical elements of the United Kingdom’s economy ten years after the recession and states that the country was able to return to its previous GDP in five years. Initially, the economy decreased by 6% between 2008 and 2009. Current data suggests that the GDP has increased by 11% when compared to the pre-recession rates in 2017 (Office for National Statistics, 2018). Therefore, the monetary policy of the United Kingdom government helped successfully recover the economy after the recession. By examining Graph 1, one can see the decline of GDP during the years of recession and a slow return of the economy to its pre-recession state. This graph is helpful because it showcases the rapid changes in the national output and the long-term effects it. It is due to the fact that all aspects of the economy suffer. For instance, the Office for National Statistics (2018) states that unemployment rates peaked since businesses did not hire new employees as a result of uncertainties. The policy that helped recover the economy will be examined in the subsequent sections. Graph 1. GPB of the United Kingdo
Introduction As cyber security threats continue to increase and evolve in complexity in the 21 st century, all organizations globally are finding antivirus installation necessary. Among the most cyber threats affecting computer systems of most organizations today is ransomware. Ransomware is a computer virus that modern cybercriminals use to limit users from full or partial access to their computers. Until the victim pays a specific amount of money to the attackers within a particular time, cybercriminals can use the virus mentioned above to access the user’s sensitive personal or organizational information. They can temporarily block computer screens or specific files and send threats to information owners to get conditional payments. Ransomware is a 20 th -century invention that continues to pose a threat to many computer users globally today. This essay will explore the historical overview of ransomware cyber threats’ functioning, evolution, and prevention. Historical Overview Ransomware was invented and implemented by Young and Yung at Columbia University and presented in 1996 at the IEEE security and privacy conference. The first version of the virus was AIDS Trojan, which happened in 1989 (Richardson & North, 2017). Since then, the ransomware scam has grown globally, and victims have lost millions of money. A Trojan is disguised as a legitimate file that the user can download or open when it arrives as a notification. Cyber-attacks have risen and evolved over the past few years. Payment is usually the attackers’ goal, and the victim is forced to pay to get back their files. The attacker has a convenient paying system that is hard to trace. How Ransomware Works Although ransomware attackers mainly target individual users, they might start targeting organizations soon, considering the speed with which cybercrime is evolving and increasing recently. Noteworthy, ransomware can enter a computer through messages and emails claiming to contain files with essential details sent from fake sources. These files can entice the user to download and click on specific links or botnets, after which the computer becomes infected with the ransomware. This malware can occur in two forms, either encrypting or locker ransomware (Srinivasan, 2017). The former contains complex algorithms that block users’ system files and demand a ransom for decryption keys. Examples of encrypted Ransomware include Locky, Cryptowall, and crypto locker. The latter ransomware limits the user’s complete access to their operating system by locking their apps or files. Although cybercriminals do not close the computer files or apps through encryption, they still demand a ransom payment. Common examples of locker ransomware viruses include win locker or police-themed ransomware. Characteristics of Ransomware Ransomware has several unique features that differentiate it from other malware. For instance, the victim cannot decrypt encrypted ransomware because the attacker owns and controls the access keys. Further,
Introduction Negligence is a major cause of public distrust in any profession. The general understanding of negligence includes carelessness, lack of attention while executing tasks and abdicating professional responsibilities (Croke, 2003). In most cases, negligence refers to a deliberate act of ignoring one’s obligations. Thus, negligence exists in situations that lack focus in following instructions or upholding professional standards. In this case, a professional acts in a manner that deviates from acceptable standards within a profession. Consequently resulting into injury or harm to a patient. Gross negligence is a term that describes a professional act that is reckless in nature. Such an act leads to total disregard of the rights of a human being (Stubenrauch, 2007). Gross negligence results from an indifferent state that characterizes extreme departure from the standard practice. Malpractice is a specific form of negligence that takes place within a profession. In this case, malpractice takes into account the status of an individual within a profession (Croke, 2003). It also puts into consideration the necessary standard professional procedures. In short, malpractice is an act that negates and violates a professional duty. Comparison of Negligence, Gross Negligence and Malpractice Gross negligence is a term that captures reckless behaviors during a professional conduct. In essence, recklessness occurs when there is an extreme departure from standard practice. On the other hand, malpractice checks the status of the person within a profession. It evaluates the violation of professional duty. Negligence focuses on failure to act in a prudent manner. On the other hand, malpractice sheds light on improper conduct that results from ignorance or lack of skill (Brennan, Colin, & Helen, 1996). Both aspects cause harm to the patient or client. It is important to note that right professional conduct will prevent harm or injuries that come because of negligence and malpractice. A doctor can be negligent when he fails to perform his duties in line with the medical standards. As a result, the patient faces harm or injury (Sharpe, 1999). Similarly, malpractice occurs when the doctor chooses to be reckless or even careless when handling the patient. These three terms result in injury to a client within a medical profession. In addition, they bring about public distrust within various professions. Case Analysis: Joseph Benton Joseph Benton’s case is a classic representation of medical malpractice. The medical team at the Neighborhood Hospital did not conduct themselves in a professional manner when handling Benton’s amputation. It was the hospital’s responsibility to ensure that Benton’s case was handled in a professional manner. However, there was breach of duty when the hospital professionals failed to amputate the right leg resulting to injury. The harm in Benton’s case was caused by of failure to act on the right information as d
In the early 1960’s Dr. William Glasser, a psychiatrist, developed an approach in counseling known as the Reality therapy. This approach stipulates that current relationship and the interaction level of mental processes like thoughts and emotions influence our present behaviors. The use of reality therapy in groups creates a people-centered and people-friendly approach in identifying an individual’s responsibility in his or her behavior. A good relationship between the counselor and the counselee is achieved by embracing reality therapy. This therapy can be applied in limitless dimensions such as in education, where participation, relevance and reasoning have a great impact on the education system. There exist various theories of the reality therapy. These include the identity and choice theory. During the early stages of development of the reality therapy, the identity theory was mostly considered. However, later, profound improvements were incorporate to come up with the choice theory. To achieve the desired results of the reality therapy, a considerable amount of assumptions were embraced in the choice theory. This axioms included, nobody can control someone else behaviors, information is the only thing we can give or get from people, life is all about behaving, psychological problems are relationship problems, people are very creative, unsatisfying relationship is the current problem, and painful past events have a great impact on the current behavior. Nonetheless, with all these assumptions, the choice theory helps in redefining freedom and improving the standards of the current relationships. It indentifies the fundamental needs such as power, love, freedom, fun and survival. Therefore, our behaviors are influence by the desire to satisfy these needs. The choice theory is beneficial in that, it provides adequate guidelines regarding the improvement of individual’s personality and behavior to fit the normal trend of rational human beings. The choice theory considers that people carry around images or perceptions in their brains, both of the anticipation of what they expect and the exact nature of reality. Notably, most individuals in their youth stage exhibit numerous characteristics of the types of personalities they would like to establish. Additionally, children develop images of the kinds of food they value and these images continuously linger in their minds. People’s perceptions need to be continuously replaced by satisfactory alternatives in order to prevent misery caused by the rigid human nature. Clarification of the human behavior is adequately covered by the theory on the pertinent matters that govern growth and development of manners. The choice theory of reality therapy is substantially applicable in the classroom management plan in schools. It is effective in boosting the morale of underperforming student. Using this theory, school’s psychologists can provide counseling to students with emotional trauma and behavioral disorders. School counseling creates positive th
Diversity is an essential aspect of the contemporary business world. It has been acknowledged that it is instrumental in achieving organizational goals (Nelson and Campbell Quick 53). One of the benefits of the diversity in the workplace is the achievement of enhanced organizational flexibility. Companies with diverse workforce are more adaptable to the rapidly changing business environment, which is also highly diverse. Another advantage of diversity is its influence on the organization’s reputation, which results in the ability to attract new talents. Thus, companies with diverse workforce are regarded as better working environments, and high-profile professionals eagerly accept job offers (Nelson and Campbell Quick 53). Finally, diversity promotes innovation as well as creativity (Kaminska and Toustou 265). People of different backgrounds have different perspectives on issues, which enables them to come up with effective and creative solutions. Organizations employ different approaches to attract senior managers and specialists. The choice of the approach depends on a variety of factors. For instance, one of these factors is the availability of resources. This is an effective approach as many people focus on the financial aspect of employment. Thus, companies choose to attract talents with the help of high salaries (Agarwal et al. 331). This approach is associated with some weaknesses as the funds invested can exceed the gains as the employee may fail to become a part of the team and work to the fullest. Another approach involves the focus on the organizational reputation. If a company has a reputation as the leader in the industry, it is likely to use this information to recruit people. Employees are often ready to work for less money as long as they work in a company with a certain reputation (Nelson and Campbell Quick 633). This is quite an effective method as it may lead to lower costs when recruiting people, but it can be rather difficult to maintain the reputation gained. The third strategy to be mentioned is closely linked to the reputation-oriented method. The focus on benefits can help organizations attract high potential employees. Such organizations as Google are regarded as dream jobs as employees there have various perks including flexible hours, resting
William Shakespeare is arguably one of the world’s greatest playwrights of all time. His works, which became famous during his lifetime, are popular even today. The relevance of the problems of the pieces made them immortal. The masterpieces of Shakespeare’s dramatic legacy are the tragedies “Romeo and Juliet,” “King Lear,” “Othello,” “Hamlet, Prince of Denmark,” which became classics of world literature and stage productions. This paper aims to study and analyze the works of William Shakespeare and evaluate what has influenced his art. Shakespeare’s genius developed and blossomed in the climate of an era when a historical upheaval took place in the lives of the peoples of Europe. The writer reflects in his work issues such as the rush to liberation from the shackles of the Middle Ages, the widening of the horizons of the earth and the boundaries of human thought, the birth of a new ideal of beauty in life, and art (Hage 124). His talent matured at a time of great hope when the awakening and strengthening of the national consciousness of the English people. However, the dreams and hopes of humanists faced the tragic contrasts of the era, the living nightmares of the Middle Ages, and the ugliness of the nascent bourgeois society (Hart 7). The divergence of the ideal and reality was the source of the tragedy in Shakespeare’s work. Shakespeare’s tragedy raises the fundamental questions of his age and, by asserting a humanistic ideal, rises to a universal sounding (Hage 124). Shakespeare did not create for a select few. He drew inspiration from the life of the people, its history, its tales, fairy tales, and ballads. The works of Shakespeare are conventionally divided into three periods. The first period called the optimistic, or humanistic, includes works created in 1590-1600 (Hage 126). These are early sonnets, dramas, chronicles, and comedies, in which the prevalence of love of life, faith in man, and moral values. Decorates a period of early creativity tragedy “Romeo and Juliet,” which belongs to the pen of a mature playwright (Liu and Yu 379). The narrative poems Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece reflect Shakespearean values and his use of mimesis, or imitation, in literature (Hart 3). The tragic poetics originate from the philosophy and wisdom of Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato, who considerably influenced the art of the English writer (Hart 2). The voice of a character in Shakespeare’s poems represents his life connected to the reader and their response to the literary work. The humanists’ sorrowful epiphany of their ideals is reflected in Shakespeare’s work’s second – tragic – period. Among the pieces of art created in 1601-1608, tragedies predominate in the foreground of plays the lowest vices of the human soul, such as enmity, revenge, malice, betrayal, envy (Hage 152). Even the pictures of nature in the plays change: gloom, chaos, and destruction are the pict