ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Background Information The brain functions almost like an airplane, which requires fuel for its flight operations. The brain can only function as required and reach its peak performance if the body is subjected to healthy eating. A student’s brain requires healthy food and proper nutrients to enable it to think accordingly while in the classroom. In that case, nutrition and healthy food significantly affect the performance of students while at school; healthy eating boosts academic performance, while unhealthy eating adversely affects it (Brown, 2008). Studies have proven that a student’s academic performance can be enhanced by providing him or her with the foods and nutrients that improve brain function. Proper nutrition and healthy food help to boost the memory of students, increase their concentration during class lessons and also help them to stay calm in case they encounter stressful situations (Clark & Fox, 2009). It has been proven that when students take a healthy breakfast, they are able to engage well in academic work and participate better in class discussions. A healthy breakfast also helps students to become more alert and solve challenging academic problems. Consequently, it is evident that proper nutrition and healthy food bring about enhanced comprehension, a positive self image and higher grades (Clarke, 2011). Research Problem Statement The main purpose of this paper is to establish how nutrition and healthy eating affect students’ grades. The paper looks into how proper nutrition and healthy food help students concentrate, improve their thinking, and enhance their memory in the classroom setting. The paper conducts a literature review to determine how nutrition and healthy food helps to improve the academic performance of students. The relevant literatures that address the topic of relationship between food and grades are readily available. Since there is a positive correlation between food and grades, schools, with the help of parents and other stakeholders, are recommended to set programs that would ensure that students are provided with healthy breakfast and lunch as a way of improving their academic performance. Research Questions  1. In what ways do proper nutrition and healthy eating habits help learners concentrate when studying?  2. How does healthy food affect students’ way of thinking?  3. How does healthy eating enhance students’ memory? Thesis Statement This research is based on the following hypothesis:   * Students who eat healthy food have a better academic performance than those who eat unhealthy food. Effects of Nutrition and Healthy Food on Acad
Instructional and Learning Strategies in the Curriculum Cycle two Education is designed to prepare students in grades 6 to 9 for the future, helping them become full-fledged society members. Cycle two English language curriculum includes different techniques that teachers should apply in class to develop students’ abilities and skills by encouraging them to learn in a student-centered environment. Thus, ADEC’s goal is to make learner-centered classes and to emphasize their role in the educational process. Learning strategies in the curriculum have specific objectives to apply the newly acquired skills. One of these strategies is the inquiry-based cognitive approach that helps students develop lifelong learning skills. This pedagogical approach is to be implemented throughout grades 6-9, when students will spend most of their time studying the English language. They will learn through hands-on experiences and opportunities coupled with a variety of age-appropriate literacy resources. Moreover, children will be engaged in active learning experiences and immersed in a print-rich environment. They will participate in a wide range of literacy activities: e.g., reading aloud, independent, guided and shared reading, and writing. Also, all students will take part in conversations and classroom discussions and contextualized experiences (ADEC, n.d.). Cycle two teachers are required to integrate different subjects. For this purpose, they meet to plan their lessons in the PLC meetings. For example, grade seven science teacher in trimester one is going to teach the digestive system. In contrast, the English language teacher is expected to connect the digestive system to his/her healthy lifestyle theme. ADEC teachers follow the vision and mission of ADEC, which implies that they use 21 st -century skills when planning lessons. Lessons are structured using Bloom’s taxonomy that includes experimenting, analyzing, evaluation, and creation. Students in grade 8 English reading, for example, will analyze the cause-and-effect of a community helper job or identify and analyze visual elements such as pictures, maps, graphs, charts, tables, comic strips, and photographs within a print text to discern meaning. In science, they will experiment and discover the results of this experiment. In both scenarios, they will evaluate their work and other students’ work. Scope of Diversity in the Curriculum According to Piaget’s cognitive development description in terms of stages from birth to maturity, cycle two students are in the formal operation stage (ages eleven and up). It means that few or no limitations on the content of learning depend exclusively on students’ intellectual potential and environmental experiences. They can analyze ideas, evaluate data, formulate hypotheses, assume possible consequences, and reach conclusions without direct experience in the subject. Therefore, it allows to state that ADEC is adopting
Introduction The effects of World War I can be seen around the world even now, more than one hundred years after its end; however, there is still no consensus as to its cause. In the words of Alfred Korzybski, “the destruction was brought about by nationalism, entangled alliances, narrow ethnic concerns, and desires for political gain – forces that are still with people today.” (cited in Levinson, 2014). Even though the majority of United States citizens did not have the direct experience of the terrific upset that the war caused in Europe, it can be argued that the country’s concern with championing democracy around the globe is one of its products (Levinson, 2014). Many historians agree that an atmosphere of twentieth-century Europe was conducive to the creation of a complex mixture of economic, social, and political reasons that translated into powerful forces of imperialistic, nationalistic, and militaristic movements leading to the diplomatic crises of 1914 (Donaldson, 2014). Therefore, it can be said that the blame for the war could not be assigned to any individual country or a group of countries. Nonetheless, the issue of responsibility was the main focus of the world in the years following the Armistice of 1918 (Donaldson, 2014). To this end, the Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and the Enforcement of Penalties met in Paris in 1919 (Donaldson, 2014). The investigation conducted by the commission showed that Germany and Austria, along with Turkey and Bulgaria as their allies, were responsible for the aggressive foreign policy tactics that led to the precipitation of the war (Donaldson, 2014). Causes The start of World War I was precipitated by the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, on June 28, 1914 (Mulligan, 2010) The elimination of the high-standing official was carried out by the group of secret society members called Black Hand and directed by Bosnian Serb Danilo Ilić (Storey, 2009). The political objective of the murder was to separate Austria-Hungary’s South Slav provinces to combine them into Yugoslavia (Storey, 2009). In response to the killing of their official, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia that commanded its government to prosecute the assassins. The objective of the ultimatum was to make its terms so strict that Serbia would be forced to reject it, thereby giving an excuse for launching a small war against it (Storey, 2009). Taking into consideration that Serbia had diplomatic relationships with Russia strengthened by th
Background of the Study Corporate finance Corporate finance entails the various sources of funds available to a company. Primarily, the concept involves maximization of the wealth of shareholders through long-term and short-term planning. Various indicators are used to measure the success of an organization with regards to the achievement of its financial goals. Consequently, profitability ratios are used to measure the success of an investment. Return on Investment (ROI) is used to evaluate the efficiency and worth of a portfolio. It compares returns on investment with the cost. ROI=(Gain from Investment-Cost of Investment)/Cost of investment. Return on Equity (ROE) measures profitability of a firm (Aljifri & Hussainey, 2007). It shows profits made by shareholders in terms of equity. ROE=Net income/shareholders’ wealth. In this paper, the author will analyze ROI and ROE for 10 of the most active stocks in Abu Dhabi Stock Market (ADSM). Financial data for the 2011-2014 trading period will be used. A Historical background of the 10 most active stocks in ADSM 10 of the most actively traded stocks in ADSM include Sharjah Group Company P.S.C. The company invests in financial instruments, industrial projects, rental properties, and real estate. The second organization is Agthia Group PJSC. It is the leading Abu Dhabi-based food and beverage company. The third entity is the First Gulf Bank. It offers financial services to businesses and individuals. The fourth FOODCO Holding P.J.S.C. Company. It offers the best technologies in packaging in UAE. The fifth is the National Bank of Fujairah PJSC. The company offers commercial banking services to the residents of UAE. The sixth company is the National Bank of Abu Dhabi. It is the largest lender bank in Abu Dhabi and second largest in UAE. The seventh listed firm is the Oman and Emirates Investment Holding Company. It provides banking services. The eighth organization is Manazel Real Estate PJSC. It develops homes for the middle class in UAE (Zarour, 2006). The 9 th company is the Union Cement Company. It manufactures construction products. At number 10 is the Emirates Insurance Company. It offers life, property, and other forms of insurance cover. Markowitz’ efficient portfolio model Markowitz’ Efficient Portfolio Model of 1952 is a concept associated with the portfolios generating the maximum expected returns for various levels of risks (Edmans, 2011). It helps investors to understand the ROE and ROI of different projects. In addition, it helps companies to measure the progress of different portfolios in various markets. Markowitz’ model will be used to gauge how different securities for the 10 companies have performed. The analysis will take into consideration the expected rates of return for the entities. Data and Methodology Capital Market Trend National Bank of Abu Dhabi The lowest price of stock was 6.07 AED in 2012. The highest was 7.74. The average was 6.905 AED. On January 20
Modern age is considered to be the epoch of tolerance and democracy. Every person is supposed to have the same rights as his/ her neighbor has. However, there are still problems connected with race discrimination. Unfortunately, very often even nowadays people judge by the color of skin or some other factor. Of course, this attitude is a relic from the past, when people used to be not so tolerant towards each other and accepted the idea of slavery, taking it as an eternal part of society. Great number of scientists try to understand roots of slavery in order to get rid of modern manifestations of this phenomenon. The work A Brief History of the Caribbean by Jan Rogozinksi is devoted to investigation of the history of this region of the world and it is obvious that the issue of slavery is also touched there. The reason for it lies in the fact that 9 out of 10 men on these islands were slaves. They were used as a cheap workforce because a great number of sugar plantations were founded in this region. That is why, these lands were the place where thousands of people lived under horrible conditions. The difference between death and birth rates can serve as the best evidence of the horrible life on these islands People became extinct there and new and new slaves were needed. Mainly due to this fact, about 2500000 of slaves were exported to this area. This number seems incredible. Almost 3 million of people were doomed to work under horrible conditions and die. It is obvious, that a great number of soldiers needed to control them, that is why forts were built. However, it is difficult to believe that they were the main force which controlled all slaves. It is obvious, that the number of planters and all other noble people was much lower than the number of slaves, however, there were no serious rebels. It could be suggested that it was possible due to the men
Introduction It is worth noting that macro-trend analysis is usually the first step in making strategic analysis. The major aim of the analysis is to identify potential threats and opportunities to a business. The major question to be answered in trying to do such an analysis is “what are the probable implications that will impede the growth of a business and the likely impact of the things that affect the business growth?” (Tuthill & Smallberg, 1997). Founded by Dell Michael back in 1984, the guiding principle for DELL was that if the company will manage to sell directly to customers, then it would be better placed to establish best strategies to meet customers’ demands and needs. DELL is headquartered in Round Rock, Texas. The company develops, produces, sells and supports pcs servers, data storage devices, network switches, personal digital assistants (PDAs), software, televisions and computer peripherals. The paper describes the political, economic, social and technological factors that describes DELL’s macro environment. Political factor Ideally, doing business internationally calls for adherence of laws, rules and regulations of the host countries. Due to the fact that different governments have distinct way of doing business, DELL will be faced with both favorable and unfavourable laws that may foster or hinder marketing. In regions where political stability has been compromised for instance Egypt, Libya, Ivory Coast and Tunisia where the company could probably expand their business to, will discourage such initiative. Where there are restrictive policies aimed at protecting domestic industries, the only option for the company is to partner with local business entities. On the other hand, globalization has forced governments to do away with restrictions; this in the long run will work in fostering international trade from where DELL will benefit as it will reach the market areas that were initially harsh to do business (Tuthill & Smallberg, 1997). Social It is no doubt that the demand for computers as well as other related services largely depends on the level of education of persons in certain region. Governments have put effort in lace to foster education and knowledge acquisitions. This will in the long-term provide the company with a larger market. Similarly, the current generation is IT compliant and have unsatiated demand for cutting edge technology, this group of persons when tapped properly by the company will ensure that their revenue grow as well as market base. The population size is also increasing and currently the world’s population is projected to clock 7 billion; this will provide a platform for the company to broaden it market base. Economic The fluctuating nature of currencies coupled with unpredictable financial crisis pose greatest threat to DELL. Individuals who are not able to pay cash for computers have turned to paying through instalments. Economists have predicted that the g
Introduction The subject of this essay is based on a famous civil/structural engineer. Structural Engineering is a field which is concerned with doing research, making plans, designing, constructing, inspecting, monitoring, maintaining, rehabilitating and demolishing of both temporary and permanent structures, along with their components and structural systems. It also considers various aspects of the structures like economic, technical, aesthetic, environmental and social aspects. This is an imaginative profession which makes a significant contribution to industry, infrastructure as well as to developments of recreational and residential nature. (EA, n.d.) For the purpose of the essay, the person who has been chosen is Peter Rice who was a famous structural engineer, called by Jonathan Glancy, an architecture critic as ‘The James Joyce of structural engineers’. (Arup, n.d.) He was born in Ireland in 1935. He obtained his early education at the local CBS after which he went to Newbridge College. From Newbridge College, Peter proceeded to Queen’s University Belfast from where he studied Civil Engineering. After receiving the primary degree in engineering, Peter went for further studies to Imperial College in London where he spent a year. In 1956, after completion of studies, he joined Ove Arup and Partners and started working with them on the Sydney Opera House. He also worked as a visiting scholar at Cornell University, after completion of the Sydney Opera House. (Clerkin, P. 2008) What makes the work of Peter Rice unique is that he has the ability to step out of the limits and constraints which formed a part of his professional training; as a result he was proficient in deriving practical solutions from technical problems. What differentiate his work are his designs which combine order with delight and science with art in a graceful and smooth manner creating amazing structures. The essence of his work rests with the fact that he adopted a fresh approach for each of his new projects, which resulted in producing the best possible building; this was further enhanced by respecting for the part that the architect plays. After a few initial trials and with the passage of time, this approach yielded an inspirational collection of innovative work. (Brown, 2001) If viewed in the fold of history,
Cybersecurity threats have become the unfortunate reality of the 21 st -century political landscape, and this issue requires a comprehensive response on behalf of all parties involved. Richards (2015) highlights the government’s leading role in the context of cyber threats while stating that the number of attacks is still on the increase (para. 2). This role must include decisive actions in terms of strict cybersecurity policy and legislation, as current measures have been insufficient so far. Since it is the government’s duty to ensure the protection and well-being of citizens and organizations, this position seems reasonable. Richards (2015) says that electronic payment systems have been particularly vulnerable to hackers, which negatively affects related organizations and citizens who have trusted them with their money (para. 3). As a result, the American Transaction Processors Coalition addressed Congress calling for comprehensive measures in the field of cybersecurity (Richards, 2015, para. 6). This organization represents the interests of a large market and expresses common concerns for that sphere. Therefore, the government’s role would be to prepare an adequate response to cyber threats in light of the private sector’s interests. At the same time, companies facing cybersecurity challenges have their own roles. Kurtz (2015) notes that most organizations attempt to cope with such issues on their own, whereas joint measures would possibly have more success (para. 2). The reasons for such a tendency stem from the companies’ unwillingness to engage in the information exchange process (Kurtz, 2015, para. 4). Accordingly, the private sector must demonstrate a certain level of transparency and communication to support the government’s cybersecurity efforts. As of now, the government considers a range of bills aiming at improving the United States cybersecurity framework, including the H.R.2331 SBA Cyber Awareness Act aims at supervising the cybersecurity of the Small Business administration (H.R.2331 – SBA Cyber Awareness Act, 2019). Overall, this issue remains topical and receives increasing attention on all levels, but additional efforts must be implemented to improve the results.
Case Study The workmate workbench case study describes an innovative woodwork idea that was developed by Ron Hickman several decades ago, before it was modified by Black & Decker, an American manufacturing company specializing in power tools and “Do-it-yourself” products. In their introductory remarks, the two authors concur that the market for DIY products has exponentially grown in the last three decades. This trend is attributed to the increase in the number of people who own houses and regular TV programs, which emphasize the need for homes and house ownership (Tidd & Bessant 2009, p. 13). Similarly, the number of stores selling DIY products has increased, with the Workmate of Ron Hickman being given preference by most dealers. Based on this, the two writers describe how Ron developed the idea even though he never worked with DIY but had experience in Formula 1 racing (Tidd & Bessant 2009, p. 13). Hickman hailed from South Africa and had interest in car design. He worked with Ford in 1950s as a car stylist before joining Lotus Cars in London in the year 1958. Based on his interest, Hickman was actively involved in the designing of Lotus 25 racing car that was to be used in Formula 1 racing. While at Lotus Cars, he served as a general manager for the company’s development and he is highly credited for the success that was realized in 1962 after the company developed Lotus Elan sports car (Tidd & Bessant 2009, p. 13). Despite his success at Lotus, Hickman did not stay forever in designing of racing cars; he left the company in late 1960s. He obeyed his DIY obsession when he began designing a workbench that was meant to hold pieces of wood while being sawn. This idea was triggered by an incident in which he accidentally cut off the leg of a chair while sawing a piece of wood. He highly valued the needs of DIY enthusiasts, who mainly worked under limited time and resources. His product was to be foldable to facilitate its portability and storage (Tidd & Bessant 2009, p. 13). He engaged different ideas and approaches in developing the idea and advanced from a workbench with one beam to that which had two parallel beams with a holding vice to position the piece of wood during sawing. Even though he lacked formal training and experience, his development process was a source of fresh ideas in solving the problem at hand (Tidd & Bessant 2009, p. 14). In 1968, Hickman patented his design as an initial stage