ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
One of the lessons drawn from the article is that business and marketing trends in the developing world are rapidly changing. Consumers in these countries have become more sophisticated and powerful than before. This is particularly true as information, knowledge, and enlightenment proliferates in the developing world amidst increasing globalization. International and cultural differences are no longer an obstacle to the growth of global brands. Firms and executives have the growth of the Internet as well as information technology to thank for these new beneficial trends. The face of marketing has changed as well. Television is no longer the first screen for many advertisement viewers. With the increasing population of people using tablets and smartphones, marketers have now turned to digital marketing trends such as social media marketing. Marketing skills are different when marketing locally and when doing so internationally. A local marketer has fewer demands in terms of skills other than the basics that all marketers have. Conversely, a global marketer has to maintain the logic of an international brand. Expatriate marketers cannot simply impose ready-made promotional strategies in new international markets. They require skills to conduct market research in new destinations, and then convert their findings into actionable marketing strategies. An international marketer also needs to be conversant with the laws of their international destinations while a local one does not. Moreover, an international experience is a skill set that is unique to a global marketer compared to a local one. For a successful career in global marketing, an individual should have a set of special skills apart from the basic skills for marketers. They should be culturally savvy and sensitive; as global workers they need to appreciate other cultures. As foreigners, they also need to be culturally and intellectually versatile because they need to fit in and adapt. International marketers have a sharp commercial instinct since the goal of their marketing efforts is to earn a return on their investment. Most importantly, a global marketer should communicate effectively since this ensures a flawless flow of information amongst all the stakeholders involved in international marketing endeavors.
Introduction After undergoing a wisdom teeth removal procedure, Jaime had some problems, a thing that is quite common in nursing due to the high expectancy of development of complications after such an operation. It is important to emphasize that the main complications arose due to the Penicillin doze the patient received in the course of the operation concerning the wisdom tooth removal. This study investigates the patient to understand her condition and the risks she faces, as well as provides an intervention strategy for her health condition (Watson, 2010; ACU, 2010; Joshi, 2011). Data collection The patient complained of different symptoms of post-surgery complications of the wisdom teeth removal procedure. She was subjected to a number of tests so as to determine her condition, which, according to her complaints, became considerably worse. The results obtained from the test on the basic conditions were as follows: the HR= 98, BP= 135/85, RR=28, T=37.2, O2 Sats= 89%. Further tests on the patient through blood gas procedure provided the following results: pH – 7.31, PCO2 – 55mmHg, HCO3 – 30MMEq/L, PO2 – 70 mmHg. Other noted complications included vomiting, nausea as well as being dyspneic. According to the results of the inspection, the patient’s condition demands urgent treatment. As auscultation shows, the patient cannot get her breath. Nursing Diagnosis within 2hrs According to a 2-hour diagnosis strategy results, the patient is at the risk of lack of enough oxygen within the body due to her respiratory depression. She has a lot of difficulty breathing and her oxygen circulation is at 89% and the PO2 Rate is at 70mmHg (Nair & Peate, 2009). The patient is also at risk of dehydration due to her constant vomiting which could cause high loss of blood fluids resulting in panic, low blood circulation as well as high alkalosis resulting from an imbalance in the level of acid/base content in the body (Hayes et al ., 2008; Kendall, 2011). It is also worth mentioning that the patient is at risk of poor metabolism in the organism and has general body weakness due to the presence of a very high metabolic alkalosis, at the rate of 30MMEq/L compared to the normal range of 22-26MMEq/L. Finally, the patient is at risk of developing digestive depression due to the high levels of alkalinity in the body as well as the high carbon dioxide partial pressure above the normal range of 35-45mmHg. It is also important to note that the patient is subject to the risk of aspiration because of vomiting. The Three Highest Priority Nursing Diagnoses According to the results of the observations made on the patient, there were three medical conditions that required immediate attention and intervention. The first condition was the poor o
Introduction Man’s activities on earth have seen destruction of environment in several ways. For example, the approval for construction of a golf course in Bahamas saw the destruction of aquatic environment to a large scale. This approval occurred without proper consultation on the dangers it will pose to the Maine ecosystem. The government of Bahamas mandated Discover Land Company from California to erect a 400-homesite and 75-villa style rental rooms for tourism resort purposes. Additionally, the company was to develop a 180-slip yachting marina, and an 18-hole championship golf course leading to total destruction of aquatic environment. (Klein, 1999, p. 1, 7). Among the negative effects from this developments, would be thrice increase in population along the already congested six-mile island. On the other hand, the new yachting marina will consume a lot of space to become the biggest in Bahamas. In a more terrifying note, and perhaps a threat to Maine ecosystem, the government of Bahamas approved this development to be located close to the shoreline, which consisted of a mangrove system and healthy coral reefs. Although the Discover Land Company had to use modern infrastructure equipments to cater for this frail ecological system, the destruction outweighed the ecological importance of the ecosystem. (Save Guana Cay Reef, 2009, Para. 1). Vision of Baker’s Bay Club Development However, as an act of defense, the Discover Land Company, the developer, outlined various conservation measures aimed at protecting the fragile ecosystem. For example, these developers allocated a piece of land for conserving natural habitats. Additionally, they provided a detailed plan for solid waste processing within the ecosystem. They also outlined a convincing plan about communal access areas including public beaches and meeting places. Furthermore, the Company entailed a plan to preserve 92 acres of land, which will encompass mangrove ecosystem and another 60-acre land to act as a coastal buffer zone. In order to avoid pollution into water-catchment areas, the golf course will have wastewater gardens and sewage treatment facilities. Imaginatively, the classy housing plan gave beautiful scenery on how houses will form a beautiful landscape within a lawn, which convinced the government of Bahamas. (Sullivan-Sealey, Cushion, Semon, & Constantine, 2005, pp. 1-2). On the other hand, the government aimed creating plant diversity zone and attracts wildlife for tourism purposes. Critically, the developer’s plans composed both long-term and short-term environmental collisions considering the fact that, the development was bound to take place on a huge land scale conversion. The truth of the matter is that, this was a British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) project and not a government initiated developme
Concept and Vision Apple TV Box is an electronic device which enables users to access different types of electronic content through iTunes. Users are able to access different types of content directly from their computers and other electronic devices to their high definition television sets. Apple TV Box has agreements with various content providers who sell it high quality programs, music videos, documentaries and recordings of live sports events. The new model of the product has high quality software that allows users to download data from different content websites at a very high speed (Mayes). This is the product’s most unique feature which will give it a stronger competitive position in the industry. The patent rights of the product are already secured and it also has a clear copyright which is used to identify its brand in the market. More importantly, the product will allow users to stream two or more live events simultaneously to expand their viewing options. Market Analysis The market has various firms which sell different types of products. Some of the product’s direct competitors include: Roku, Wii, Playstation Vita Box and Chrome cast. These products appeal to consumers who have different needs and expectations (Mayes). The TV box market is projected to grow at a rate of about 8 percent in the next three years. Sales data for the past three years shows that the product accounted for more than 40 percent of all TV box devices that were sold in different parts of the world. As more people download different types of content directly to their devices, the product will appeal to customers who are willing to pay premium prices for high download speeds. Customers and Customer Development The main focus of this product is to offer customised viewing options to different viewers depending on their specific geographic locations. Users in Europe and Asia will be able to purchase different types of services from local providers which will conform to their cultural practices. Since it is compatible with other Apple devices, it will utilise existing partnerships it has with other international content providers to provide long term value to customers. It is estimated that Apple has gained close to 20 billion dollars from selling digital content through iTunes from January 2012 to September 2013. The most popular services which customers prefer are: songs, video clips, electronic books, electronic games and software applications. Apple TV Box has been designed to appeal to the lifestyle patterns of customers who
MENA countries face the following challenges   * Slow or stagnating economic growth;   * Little innovation and technological advancement;   * Significant “digital divide”;   * Growing water and environmental concerns;   * High dependence on natural resource exports;   * Little economic integration in the region;   * Weak governance and large and expensive public sectors;   * Military conflicts and related expenditures;   * High perceived risks and capital flight and brain drain;   * Non-compliance with international standards and norms;   * Poor “good governance” practices, which concern voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, the rule of law, and control of corruption. The proposed solution to the outlined problems is e-Government, which, if implemented properly, can catalyze reforms in public and private sectors, improving the provision of government services and ultimately increasing productivity and leading to economic growth. E-Government Evidence from Arab and other countries suggests that implementation of e-Government can help eliminate physical and virtual barriers for people and communities, promote efficiency, reduce time and costs, minimize corruption, improve transparency, and promote democracy and direct participation. Information and communication technologies (ICT) used to be mainly used for internal communication, but the new ICT model suggests employing ICT for external processes and data exchange. “E-Government” thus refers to “the application of ICT to improve efficiency and effectiveness, create transparency and accountability of informational and transactional exchanges within government, between governments and government agencies at national, municipal and local levels, (G2G), citizens (G2C) and businesses (G2B).” However, there are some challenges associated with the implementation of e-Government in the MENA countries:   * Need for strong and visionary leadership since public opinion does not play a significant part in policy reform;   * Development of reliable, well-connected, and secure technological infrastructure;   * Improvement of institutional infrastructure – i.e., implementation of laws and econ
Introduction Leaders are not born they are made and that is why researchers have spent their effort time and money in coming up with tools that anyone can exercise to deliver when in leadership positions. These act as a benchmark to which managers measure their leadership skills and know when to adjust accordingly. This paper seeks to outline some of the perspectives put forward (Scientific, excellence, values, trust culture and whole soul perspectives) and their characteristics. It also outlines the different aspects of each approach. Introduction to five leadership perspectives According to Fairholm (1998), individuals look at leadership using five different criteria. Primarily is the scientific management theory, which explains that the management is only interested in establishing the strategies that it may use for delivery in the business. It is a traditional method but very basic and so still holds water for some managers. The second theory is mainly concerned with perfection in the organization. Excellence is key and the management directs its resources in making sure the people concerned in making the products or delivering services do that to the best of their ability. Here there is no compromise in the quality of work. The means and the ends are both scrutinized to maintain excellence. There is no room for mediocrity. The third theory places importance on the nature of the relationship between the leader and the subordinate. There has to be a common vision between them that keeps the organization in check. For the management here it is more important than the leader and the follower have the same goals in mind so they work effectively. It further stresses that if vision is in place the management will not have to worry so much about controlling the subordinate. The leader’s role, however, is still emphasized. This is known as the values leadership perspective. In a trust culture, which is the fourth theory, the focus is on the subordinate and how they relate with both the leadership and colleagues. Here trust is a fundamental quality that keeps everyone accountable to each other. This fosters team spirit and the spirit of sharing. Delegation of duties becomes the leadership’s joy since there is a sense of mutual trust between them. The spotlight is on the led. The last perspective is very spiritual in nature and it entails the management is aware that the spiritual being of the led is what they interact with. In that, the personal lives of the followers relate very closely with what the leadership interacts with a
Memo Opening Problem is that it would take You several years to break the cost of buying the Fit-ify! Facebook application using only web-advertizing revenue. “The online advertising has been Facebook’s main revenue source” (Geron). In order to monetize the application and change its revenue model, it is useful to create some advanced features on the application that allow the user to customize his/her page more flexibly, make one’s progress public and appreciate the other users’ progress. You can also sell the user virtual gifts, provide the drug-testing online and send messages to the user if he/she does not weigh for a long time. Discussion Combining the web-advertizing revenue model with the fee-for-service model would be more effective for monetizing the Fit-ify! Facebook application. “Monetizing refers to the conversion of existing regular site visitors seeking free information or services into fee-paying subscribers or purchasers of services. Many of the sites that are conducti
Introduction The ‘change of position’ defense to a claim of restitution has been widely recognized. The defense is however recognized in situations where the defendant’s change of position is so great that it will be unfair to force him to make restitution. 1 The defense was first recognized in the landmark case of Lipkin Gorman v. Karpnale Ltd . 2 In this case, the plaintiffs brought a claim of restitution against the defendants. In their claim, they contended that the defendants had acquired some amount of money that had been stolen from them by one of their partners. The defendants, on their defense, argued that they had changed position; hence the claim for restitution could not stand. Lord Goff in his judgment argued that by compelling an innocent defendant whose position has so changed will be subjecting him to unjust suffering. In his opinion, the injustice of compelling the innocent defendant to repay overshadows the injustice of refuting restitution. This paper will critically analyze the rationale of the defense and further ascertain how Lord Goff prediction regarding the ‘change of position’ defense has proved to be correct. The Principles Governing The Defence Of Change Of Position The House of Lords in Lipkin case was placed with the burden of interpreting the decision made in Baylis v. Bishop of London . 3 Justice Hamilton, in dismissing the defense, stated that the defense of change of position was not recognizable and termed it as a ‘vague’ and ‘unprincipled’ justice that should not be upheld in the twentieth century. However, the court in Lipkin’s case held a differing opinion. According to Brant, the nature of unjust enrichment depends on the basic structure of the claim. 4 He explains this notion by arguing that for a claim of unjust enrichment to qualify, certain conditions must be established. First, the defendant must show that he was enriched. That particular enrichment should beat the expense of the plaintiff. Secondly, it should be inferred that the enrichment made was unjust. Lord Goff attempted to explain the concept of unjust enrichment by stating that the process to recover money in restitution was not purely placed under the discretion of the court but rather as a matter of right. 5 In light of this opinion, it is imperative to argue that the courts’ discretion to exercise their right to decide on the applicability of the defense in an idiosyncratic manner is limited. This has led to the development of a very strong consensus in the corridors of justice. In Phillip Collins Ltd v. Davis 6 , the court argued that a slip into the discretionary intercession of the defense would resort to the court’s plunging back into the dark era of the su
Introduction The UAE Pearl Company is an established date processing and exporting business in the United Arab Emirates. The company’s objective is to become the largest date and dates products exporter in the world. The business aims at processing, packaging, and exporting more than 150, 000 tons annually to over 50 countries globally. So far, the company exports dates and dates products to 15 African countries, most parts of Asia, and Arab countries. The company offers more than 20 different dates varieties, including the Local UAE Dates and Zahidi Dates. Most of the exported dates products are whole dates and sweets made from the product. The company’s quest to expand the export of its date products follows the fact that most of the global markets have been exploited while Europe has not been fully tapped. Europe, specifically the European Union (EU), is a significant market for the exporters of dates and its products. The EU accounts for not less than 30 percent of dates imports in value, even though this figure represents only 10 percent of the total world imports (Al-Shreed et al., 2012). This finding implies that import prices in the EU are favorably higher compared to the general world market. On the other hand, the EU has experienced stagnant dates import value for more than a decade now. Besides, the prices of dates imports have deteriorated since 1996. Therefore, it is imperatively viable for the new date products that the company is making to be exported to improve the business export value in the EU market. The decision for selecting the countries to export the products was reached by using a Gravity Two-Phase decision model (Anderson, 2010). The first phase involved screening and eliminating countries that had the least likelihood of market opportunities on the first entry. This process involved five steps:  1. Eliminating unpromising countries  2. Developing a list of promising countries’ market exports and obtaining sufficient data concerning them for applying the screen criteria  3. Actualizing the screening criteria for promising markets to narrow down to a shorter list for further investigation  4. Doing a secondary data analysis  5. Rationalizing on the chosen and eliminated countries by adjusting judgments on screening for the second phase analysis The second phase involved also four steps. While the first step was to simulate a list grading criteria, the second one involved doing research on the countries that had been shortlisted in the first phase. The third one included applying the grading criteria to the shortlisted countries while the last one included coming up with a list of the most preferable countries. After this thorough analysis, England and Sweden were arrived at based on the results from the applied criteria. Economic-Geographic Features of England As obtained from Marsh (2013), England has one of the largest economie