ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article by Danielle Kurtzleben posted on the news portal called USNews states that the gross domestic product growth in the US did not match the expectations formed by the economists and experts at the end of 2013. The author of the article refers to a report made by the Commerce Department, which noted that the economy of the United States did not show the growth it was expected to. In fact, gross domestic product growth was revised downward (Kurtzleben, 2014). According to the prognosis, the growth was initially estimated to reach 3.2 percent, but the actual numbers showed that the GDP growth for the fourth quarter is 2.4 percent. The reason for the downward revision is the reducing amount of consumer spending in the United States. Even though taken by itself consumer spending remained quite strong, the slowdown in the gross domestic product still occurred because of the slowdown in the sphere of business investment, the cuts made in government spending and lowering demand for home remodeling and real estate. The author notices that the experts explain that downward revision most likely was caused by the unusually cold winter the United States had this year. The article brings up a topic of gross domestic product and how the economists follow it carefully every season. In the modern world, the development and growth of GDP are extremely important; this is why the slightest changes in it are being monitored and examined. There is a common opinion that the growth of the gross domestic product in the world is the marker of a successful economy (Rehman 2014). The downward revision of GDP and softer spending in the United States are being researched, and the economists are anticipating that both factors will improve in the closest time. The author of the article says that the changes in the growth of gross domestic product and consumer spending are not necessarily an indicator of some big changes in the country’s economy in the future. Winter slowdowns are quite common and inevitable because they depend on the cold weather and lower spending in the category of inventory. The economy is expected to catch up, and the numbers are anticipated to improve after the winter season gradually, and cold weather are gone. In the world of nowadays, the significant changes in GDP growth are not rare. Unfortunately, we are witnessing the economic depression and crises in many countries of Europe these days. Many economical experts are working on forming economic forecasts for the world’s economy and for the future of the counties separately, yet the crises still appear as if out of nowhere, unexpected and in most cases they catch the country leaders unprepared to deal with this kind of chang
In chapter one, the first civilizations of North America, most of the issues presented in the history are popular among many Americans and the readers as well. The indigenous people who occupied North America even before its discovery by Christopher Columbus were of Asian origin. For this reason, Christopher Columbus named them the red Indians. It is explained that during the ice age, small groups of people crossed the Bering Strait which at that time was a narrow bridge connecting Siberia to Alaska. From Alaska, these people moved downwards through the coastline and another part of that group moved through the plains and the icy Rocky Mountains. In the Great Plains, these people hunted different types of animals, among them mammoths, which were twice the weight of an elephant, Great Plains bison, lions, camels and giraffes. Several thousand years after the red Indians moved from Siberia, they spread through out America. With the end of the ice age, people settled in different areas across the continent and this was followed changes in the ecosystem. The ice age melted away and there was the inception of warmer global temperatures. The warm temperatures led to the rise of sea levels, which in turn created new lakes, and rivers. The emergence of these new ecosystems paved way for greater diversity as more animals and plants interacted. People also started hunting smaller animals as the bigger ones were now becoming scarce and extinct. They also resulted into using advanced tools, mostly crafted from stones, for killing the animals. The hunting and farming practices led to the inception of new cultures. For example, the people from the Great Plains hunted the descendants of the much smaller bison. Those in the deserts opted for smaller game, others in seeds and others in edible plants. For the people living near the Pacific Ocean, their main occupation was fishing. It was also during this pe
Introduction ‘A philosopher’s Journey into Rehe’ presents an analysis of the Rehe Diary – Yolha Ilgi that was written by Park Ji Won whose pen name was Yeonam, who live from 1737 to 1805. The work describes the era in which the author lived by using humor and metaphor. The author’s rigorous analysis addresses not only the thoughts and times of the Joseon era’s Silhak (practical learning) school but also the fundamental problems faced by the intellectual class of this period. Yeoman was a Confucian scholar who narrates his tale through the use of specific human relations, his abhorrence for certain types of people and he has attempted to create bonds of friendship. It must be noted that the author created friendship with people from all ranks of life, irrespective of their status. The paper examines the depth and extent to which Yeonam was ready to go and if he was bound by the norms of the human friendship and association of his era. Analysis of the Work Yeoman (1760) was what could be best described as a person of Big Yang. A person with a big Yang is one who sets no boundaries to things or people and is very good at socializing and making friends His very physical nature and mannerisms contributed to making people feel friendlier with him. To begin with, he was a large man, rather fat, who could drink a barrel of wine without being drunk and who could start arguments that would last for more than three days (p. 3). There is an interesting anecdote that reveals the author’s strong vitality that would even bend evil spirits and cure people who were supposed to be possessed. Yeoman had a way with people and believed in creating a friendship that was not acceptable in the society of those times and he had a willingness to build a special relationship with people of all classes. In the story, when Yeonam was a county governor of the Myeoncheon province, he spent a night watching the moon over the east gates of the town. There was a woman who was possessed by the evil spirit. Seeing Yeonam, the evil spirit spoke through the woman saying that it originally lived in the governor’s mansion but the loud nature of the new governor had driven it out of the mansion and into the woman’s body. When the woman heard Yeonam’s thunderous voice while he was performing his duty, she ran away crying because the evil spirit could not stand the vitality of the governor. The woman’s husband dragged the woman who was kicking and screaming in madness, just outside the governor’s office. As she ran away crying, the evil spirit left her body and she was declared cured (p. 4). The anecdote reveals the extent to which Yeonam went to establish relations with people. But then is it possible that Yeonam was fair to all his friends and was not affected by his own biased thinking? The answer is No and that Yeonam while willing to entertain friend and close acquaintances, he was subjected to philosophical leanings and did develop a bias against one person and entity, that force
Introduction The fight against terrorism has taken many forms, which include the United States setting up a Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay Cuba. The prison has been in the spotlight, and controversies about how it is operated have increased every day. The prison was set up to reduce terrorists attack, but the purpose is worth assessing. There is overwhelming evidence, which suggests that the prison has been used to deny individuals several rights. This essay seeks to show how illegal the rules that govern the prison are. With much elaboration, the violations of key civil liberties and the denial of the writ of habeas corpus will be highly discussed in this essay (Terry, 2008). The search for evidence to show several individuals rights have been violated will embark on a clear understanding of the writ of habeas corpus. The procedure governing the application of habeas corpus and how it has been violated can be identified upon extensive comprehension of its origin. There are various rules that regulate the administration of the writ of habeas corpus. The writ of habeas corpus ad subjiciendium, has focused on protecting individuals against denial of the right to personal liberty. The writ has its origin in England’s Common law. The writ was administered in the Kings Bench Division in England. In the recent years, many of the American lawyers trace the writ back to the period after the Second World War, whereby the prisoners detained after the State courts raised constitutional issues conforming to violation of their personal liberty (Foley, 2008). The historical use of the writ of habeas corpus has been to defend civilians against false detention by the state. It was invoked in situations whereby the executive wing was detaining individuals without letting the judicial due process take effect. At later stages of the writ, the mechanisms of the writ substantially changed to encompass two civilians in a dispute. It was also clear that the representatives of the detainee were free to exercise the writ by petitioning court. Habeas corpus is an order that the court issues to the custodian of the prison to appear, and state the basis of the detention showing its legality. The invoking of the order takes effect if the prison custodian has materially failed to show cause for detention. The failure means that the body of the detained must be produced in court, and the court subsequently releases the detained. It is the right of the detained to sue the State or any other party involved in detention for damages to compensate him/her for false detention (Jackson, 2010). Disobedience of the writ by the prison custodian amounts to contempt of court, and the custodian is sentenced accordingly. Habeas corpus is a constituti
Persuasive Proposal As an operations manager, I have recognized inefficiencies in the practice that can only be addressed by Physician Partners. Due to increased clientele for the practice, I propose that the organization reorganize its current staff roles. Current employees are given new mandates that will perfectly match their expertise. In addition to this, I also propose that the organization hires three new employees. This is because the current staff is overwhelmed by the current flow of clients. This high rate of client inflow to the health care center has been aided by the excellent repute that the organization has earned over time. The new clients have also widened the traditional needs of this practice as they require diverse sets of services. The reorganization of staff will ensure maximum output per person by reducing bottlenecks and duplication of duties. This will further enable the healthcare practice to efficiently meet client needs and maintain its reputation of being an effective service provider. With a higher amount of staff, the organization will achieve improved service delivery that will translate to increased human traffic flow. This increase in the number of clients is highly appreciated as the organization’s long-term goal is to be a high-quality service provider. However, this can only be achieved with quality and efficient services; hence, the need to reorganize human resource approaches in the organization. As far as costs are concerned, the proposal will lead to a cost increase due to increased staff. However, this will be cautioned by economies of scale in the sense that the increased number of clients will lead to additional revenue against constant fixed costs such as rent and other overhead expenses. As the operations manager, I feel that I can recognize these inefficiencies and recommend the above proposal. The problem to be addressed is evident, and feedback is expected as soon as possible for further deliberations. Method and Structure Used in the Above Proposal In writing a persuasive proposal, it is essential to understand its intended purpose. As noted by Sant (2004), it is also important to recognize the target audience. In this case, I have acknowledged the target audience as the practice partners and other decision-makers in the health care practice. These are relevant stakeholders who can have an impact on the proposal if accepted. I have also recognized the intention of writing this proposal and the needs to be addressed by the proposal. It is also essential to give a problem statement and why the proposal seeks to address the stated problem. A proposal writer should be as specific as possible to provide
Introduction Human abilities are wide and varied in many aspects that can be used to define people. The difference in sex has been found to drive the disparity in human abilities by apportioning certain gifts to the male sex and others to the female gender. Although both sexes can do certain tasks equally, research indicates that people of a specific sex do specific tasks better relative to the opposite sex. One area that scientists have come up with a hypothesis about the abilities in sex difference is the gathering hypothesis, which tries to find out, which group has the best abilities in gathering and/or which one has the best abilities in hunting. This paper will provide evidence to prove that members of the male gender are better hunters relative to women who on the other hand are also better gatherers. The paper therefore explores the spatial abilities of the two sexes. Men as better Hunters The theory that men are better hunters can be traced to the ancient world of both primitives and civilization by looking at the roles that society had apportioned to the two sexes. The primitive society did not have an opportunity and ability to make any studies that would then allocate duties to men and women. However, nature did it for them. This case can be attributed to the need to survive and self-preservation. Scientists have fronted different reasons to support the different theories they have come up with concerning this issue. The division of labor in males and females underpin the development of abilities in both sexes by allocating capacities. Neave et al. (2005) reveal how males naturally adopt Euclidean strategies when trying to find ways meaning that they have good geographical knowledge (p. 147). Good geographical knowledge is essential in hunting because it is used for locating prey whenever it is. Without geographical knowledge, it might be difficult for males to do hunting because it involves figuring out direction and movement, as well as figuring out the shortest and worth following distance. Direction enables males in their hunting because it helps them use the shortest distance to get to the possible location of their prey. Neave et al. also argue that males have an ad
Purpose The main aim of this paper is to propose the implementation of an upgraded assessment system in our district schools to ensure that students graduating from these schools are well equipped for college as well as the job market. Through this assessment method, students will develop skills and confidence required to meet the future challenges as they prepare to confront the world and be useful members to the economy of our society. Introduction The method proposed in this report to be used towards the realization of college and career-readiness for graduating students embraces an assessment system designed to improve accountability both for students and the administration as a whole. Current research studies continuously show that for students to be competent in the current job market, they should have attended a higher education level. This means that students in high schools will need to be prepared for higher education, which will enable them to hold careers in future. District schools need to know, through assessments, that their graduating students will be qualified in these areas. According to this proposal, end-of-year tests will be added to students in 9 th to 8 th grades who will be arranged into groups. Assessments will be conducted for English, Math and Science subjects at the end of each grade and results analyzed according to set performance standards. The set standards will take into consideration the requirements of PARCC as agreed by the member states. Objectives The main objectives of the assessment will be to enable teachers to measure student’s readiness to join the various colleges as well as the job market. It is intended to build a solid beginning for student’s future academic and career enablement. Schools are accountable for ensuring that student’s performance is improved by providing adequate learning opportunities. The system is intended to reach out to all district school regardless of geographical location or the economic status of the attendant students by creating a uniformed method of assessment, universal to all the district schools. The system is aimed at providing a regular pattern on the academic growth of students for both the teachers and students. It will help the teachers as well as the students to know the current status of their academic development and any corrective measures required to measure up to international standards of performance. The assessments will enable them to review career and training opportunities available to them and formulate future plans both after high school and life after graduation. It is also geared towards producing a highly competent staff in schools. It should produce data for “determinations of Principle and teacher professional development and support needs as well as teaching, learning, and program improvement,” (Department of Education, 2010, P. 18171). This is because the teachers and the various assessors will be able to measure their own competencies and be able to review their instructional practices to bridge the g
Introduction I must say, studying abroad is positively mind-shifting. My personal experience shows me that no history book or fiction film will ever let me understand another nation as well as simply talking to its people. For example, do you know what is unusual about Spanish? One Spanish man told me that when he was studying English, it felt very strange to encounter a question mark at the end of a sentence. Question marks in Spanish are like quotes: you put an inverted one at the beginning of a question and a regular one at the end of it. To me, it seemed both hilarious and intriguing. I guess all Americans know it: after all, Spanish-Americans constitute a large portion of the population of the US. But I would not have learned about it if I had not come to the US. I will not dwell on the fact that the English and Chinese languages are even more different. The English language has been with me for many years: in China, we are quite interested in learning it. I do not think that I have grown used to all the surprises of foreign languages, but I have grown used to being surprised by them. When I was going to the US, I was getting ready to a new level of surprises: the surprises of meeting people who look differently, walk differently, think differently and are probably just aliens from the outer space. Could I, a mere earthling, survive in their world? Stereotypes We all know what a stereotype is. Some of them are rather flattering: for example, it has always been nice to hear that Chinese people are considered hard-working. Are we? I guess most of us are. The rates of our economic development could probably testify to that. Still, I find it hard to believe that you cannot meet a lazy Chinese or a hard-working Irish. We also think that the merchandise from Germany is definitely good quality, but Volkswagen emission scandal is hardly a proof to that (see, for example, Kollewe’s article for more details). We also have some stereotypes about Americans, and I have to admit that not every of them is as flattering. In fact, some of the stereotypes that Americans have about Americans are not flattering. From what I have heard, they sincerely believe that they are not curious enough to learn about other cultures. They think they are too egoistic and self-centered (the “self” in this case being their culture) to be curious. Still, I have heard so many questions about my culture that I find it difficult to believe. Perhaps, what they meant was that unless given an opportunity (my humble person), they would not search for information. Well, I was searching for the information about the US, and I did it especially vigorously as my wish to go study abroad grew: I wanted to know what to expect. Studying the culture to get prepared First of all, I was researching the learning opportunities,
Introduction Military deployments have been known to contribute tremendously to the P.T.S.D effects on the families of the veteran soldiers. This is worse when the families get to watch horrific scenes from the television of areas where their loved ones have been deployed. To the soldier, the effects usually vary depending on a few factors, one of them being the length of the deployment mission. This means that, P.T.S.D effects will be greater depending on the duration of the exposure to such a stressor. The effects are even worse to the partner who is left behind; whether wife or husband because they are required to care for the children and the thought of being the sole bread winner makes the whole situation sad. Children are affected more since they are not able to enjoy the affection of both their parents whom they were used to. Despite such dilemmas, the military leaders have come up with programs which are meant to offer counseling to the soldiers when they return home from such a horrifying mission. More so, the families of such persons are also assured that their loved ones will be allowed a limited duration to such missions since a prolonged stay, say in Iraq or any other place is known to cause P.T.S.D severely. Generally there is hope for the military soldiers and families who are at risk of getting P.T.S.D, now and in the future. PTSD affects on the family According to Moon (63) once the soldier returns home after the mission, the family members will begin to notice certain changes. These changes are contributed to the trauma of war that the veteran had to endure. Changes include nightmares during sleep which could occur on regular basis. The author adds that, the changes could affect the entire family members in a negative manner. This entails the members of the family dedicating their time so as to comfort or offer support to the “soldier”. As a result the members are not able to continue with their normal duties, which was usually the case. This creates disruption in the event whereby, the running of; for example a family business is discontinued so as to cater for that PTSD soldier. Worse still, the children are affected when they notice the weird behavior from say their father and this in turn affects their school performance. Moon still argues that, the family members usually act differently when a loved one is traumatized and a proper intervention is the only solution (12). According to Ursano and Norwood (5) cited that Reuben Hill came up with his first report which enabled him to develop the ABCX model that outlined the PTSD crisis. With this, he was able to discover that there was an increase in somatic distress in wives of the Israeli veterans. Psychiatric d