ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The United Nations achieved various tasks. The main aim of convention is to bring justice to those who went through torture. Torture according to the convention is causing pain and sufferings to a person in order to force him admit to crimes committed by another person. These types of pain include beating, electrocution, being poured water and many others. The UN convention therefore is meant to deal with types of atrocities. It is also meant to prevent more torture in future. Various countries had experienced war in the past. Innocent citizens have suffered in such kind of wars. Measures had to be put in place to avert such suffering. Various states have inflicted suffering to the citizens during wars (DeLuzio & Mancall, 2009). Literature review The states usually use its machinery to torture its people. Examples of such tortures include rape, murder, arson, being expelled from your country and many others. Fortin (2003) indicated that the UN convention put in place procedures which would help curb crimes related to war. It required countries to adhere to the rules and put a stop to torture. It also made sure that people are safe enough within their boundaries. The people who feel unsafe must not be forced by the state to come back home. According to John (2003), the government officials are to take full responsibility of there deeds. He also indicated that investigations of tortures are to be carried out promptly. Prosecution of the offenders is to be effectively implemented. Evidence of torture is outlawed in a court of law. Hence it is not allowed to be produced during trial. It is also agreed that any victim who had been tortured should be compensated for the atrocities committed on them. They also agreed that the state should not deport any person believed to have undergone torture. This is to prevent state from possible cover up and scaring away people from testifying about the injustices. Pardeck (2006) indicated that the convention also came up with ways to implement resolutions made during the UN convention. A committee was instituted to deal with claims of torture. They were responsible for taking complaints for persons tortured and monitor convention. The committee was also in making reports to the convention. They were also responsible for instituting mechanisms that would resolve disputes. They could hear various disputes including from persons about violations of convention. The committee also makes regular visits to areas most affected by war. They do so to collect facts and information from the people tortured. The UN convention is also keen in ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities are preserved. Cipriani (2009) reported that people who are disabled are usually neglected by the society. He further indicated that the people with disabilities need to earn respect in societi
The Proposal: Hotel Windsor Holdings Vs Minister for Planning The case brought to the court for the hearing and decision-making on 19 August of the year 2014, entailed complaints regarding the issuance of a permit for the expansion of an important historical building known as the Windsor Hotel ( Hotel Windsor Holdings Pty Ltd v Minister for Planning [2012] VCAT 1203). In the year 2010, the Minister for Planning Ms. Susan Brennan carried out her mandate and issued a permit to approve the revitalization of the Windsor Hotel. The permit consented for the fractional demolition of the Windsor Hotel and a renovation of a fresh 26-tower Windsor Hotel, and the expansion of the north wing. The Windsor Hotel was time-constrained and wanted to request a time extension in the permit ( [2012] VCAT 1203). The Parties involved in the Hearing The plaintiff or the complainant to the court was Mr. Chris Canavan, who represented the Windsor Hotel in the case hearing. Allied to the complainant in the case hearing, were the case witnesses of Mr. Chris Canavan ( [2012] VCAT 1203) They included Mr. Glenn Coupar, the incumbent Development Manager of the Halim Construction Group, the Chief Executive Officer of the Windsor Hotel Mr. David Perry, and Mr. Stuart McGurn, who was the incumbent town planner ( [2012] VCAT 1203). The defendants were Ms. Susan Brennan and Mr. Ian Munt, who were responsible for the council of environmental planning. They represented the Ministry of Planning in the case hearing ( [2012] VCAT 1203). Description and Summary of the Main Arguments The case that the Hotel Windsor presented to the VCAT for the hearing involved the permission for the extension of the deadline on the permit that the Minister of Planning issued to the Hotel for its reconstruction ( [2012] VCAT 1203). The permit allowed for the partial demolition of the Hotel to allow for a reconstruction of a new Windsor Hotel made of a 26-meter story building, and a partial extension of the north wing of the hotel ( [2012] VCAT 1203). The hotel owners argued that the timeframe stipulated in the permit was inadequate and they doubted the timely completion of the reconstruction with the stated time ( [2012] VCAT 1203). The permit issuance was controversial in many circumstances. Firstly, the fixed building height of any tower structure is 23 meters within the Bourke Hill District ( [2012] VCAT 1203). Hence, the 26 meters had surpassed the prescribed limit. Secondly, if the constr
The recent decision by the Federal Reserve to inject a massive $600 billion into the economy through the purchase of treasuries has attracted a great deal of debate. Both proponents and antagonists of this policy are yet to come to a consensus on the effectiveness of this measure. From an economic point of view, increasing government spending is a vital macroeconomic policy that rejuvenates a sluggish economy. Such government injections aim at lowering interest rates, increasing borrowing and eventually enhancing investments. In other words, government injections stimulate the Aggregate Demand (AD), which in return ensures a vibrant production and overall economic growth. This essay focuses on the impacts of Quantitative Easing (QE2) on Inflation, employment, interest rates and general economic growth both in short run and in the medium term. The Federal Reserve decision to the purchase the Treasuries injects money into the economy. This open market operation is one of the most successful macroeconomic policies commonly used to revive an economy. According to Arnold (2008, p.270), a successful open market operation stimulates Aggregate Demand which in turn boosts national production and government revenue. It is in the same vein that the Federal Reserve opted to participate in open market operation. The effects of this macroeconomic feature are graphically illustrated below. Real output Graph adapted from (Arnold, 2008, p.338) From the graph, AD represents Aggregate Demand, P represents prices, Y represents the national income and AS represent Aggregate Supply. Before government injection, the aggregate demand was at AD 1 while the equilibrium level of output is at point Y E and prices are at P 1 . The QE2 will stimulate Aggregate Demand forcing it to shift to the right to AD 2 while national income will expands towards full employment at Y F . A shift in aggregate demand pushes price up from P 1 to P 2. The resulting price increases stimulates firms and households to increases production in order to obtain higher revenues. Sustained high production rates shifts equilibrium from point E to point E*, which reflects a higher level of output and higher price. Arnold (2008, p.277) classifies government expenditure into three: Consumption expenditure, human capital expenditure and capital expenditure. He argues that capital expenditure and expenditure on human capital development have a greater future impact on the economy unlike consumption expenditure, which has high immediate impact and minimal future economic influence. With this in mind, Federal Reserve injections will have a positive impact to the US economy both in the short term and in the middle term. As the AD increases, the firms will up their productions and the entire economic output will eventually increase. In addition, an increase in production will cause expansion of firms resulting to new employment opportunities. With increased employment, the public welfare improves resulting into a vibrant economy characterized by high demand and production capacities. On the same note, high aggregate demand ensures stable government reven
The input of my colleague is exceptionally valuable for this discussion. Indeed, all the five phases of SDLC require commitment from the nursing personnel. Devising user-friendly technology is highly possible to be achieved if nurses possess enough information to provide useful feedback on the client’s expectations (Vargo-Warran, 2017). Lack of data about the customer’s needs can lead to poor usability results from all the personnel involved in the implementation of this technology. Interpreting user requirements is an essential phase in the SDLC process. As stated by Risling and Risling (2020), many nurses are capable of conducting usability tests for the technical team. Nevertheless, it is imperative to consider that the nursing personnel will still require specific training to successfully perform the tasks relayed to them (McBride & Tietze, 2018). An excellent example of such information technology courses was presented by Kim et al. (2020), who provided product education sessions for the nurses involved in the study. The research’s results indicate that additional training was especially practical, as it improved the nursing personnel’s professional competencies (Kim et al., 2020). Overall, involvement in the process of user data acquisition should be supported by extra courses. Minimal participation from the nurses can be of detrimental consequences for further application of the system in question. My colleague’s experience is primarily supported by the research acquired by Risling and Risling (2020), which states that additional input from the nursing personnel can alleviate possible adverse outcomes of the system’s usage. It is possible that the nurses’ involvement in my colleague’s case could have altered the consequences of the implementation, resulting in more productive technology and increased product satisfaction. Additional training for the nursing personnel could have further improved the system’s overall efficiency.
Race is a concept of human classification scheme based on visible features including eye color, skin color, the texture of the hair and other facial and bodily characteristics. Through these features, humans are ten categorized into distinct groups of population and this is enhanced by the fact that the characteristics are fully inherited. Across the globe, debate on the topic of race has dominated for centuries. This is especially due to the resultant discrimination meted on the basis of these differences. Consequently, a lot of controversy surrounds the issue of race socially, politically but also in the scientific world. According to many sociologists, race is more of a modern idea rather than a historical. This is based on overwhelming evidence that in ancient days physical differences mattered least. Most divisions were as a result of status, religion, language and even class. Most controversy originates from the need to understand whether the beliefs associated with racial differences have any genetic or biological basis. Classification of races is mainly done in reference to the geographical origin of the people. The African are indigenous to the African continent: Caucasian are natives of Europe, the greater Asian represents the Mongols, Micronesians and Polynesians: Amerindian are from the American continent while the Australoid are from Australia. However, the common definition of race regroups these categories in accordance to skin color as black, white and brown. The groups described above can then fall into either of these skin color groupings (Origin of the Races, 2010, par6). It is possible to believe that since the concept of race was a social description of genetic and biological differences then the biologists would agree with these assertions. However, this is not true due to several facts which biologists considered. First, race when defined in line with who resides in what continent is highly discontinuous as it was clear that there were different races sharing a continent. Secondly, there is continuity in genetic variations even in the socially defined race groupings. This implies that even in people within the same race, there were distinct racial differences hence begging the question whether the socially defined race was actually a biologically unifying factor. Biologists estimate that 85% of total biological variations exist within a unitary local population. This means that the differences among a racial group such as Caucasians are much more compared to those obtained from the difference between the Caucasians and Africans (Sternberg, Elena & Kidd, 2005, p49). In addition, biologists found out that the various races were not distinct but rather shared a single lineage as well as a single evolutionary path. Therefore there is no proven genetic value derived from the concept of race. Other scientists have declared that there is absolutely no scientific foundation linking race, intelligence and genetics. Still, a trait such as skin color is completely independent of other traits such as eye shape, blood type, hair texture and other such differences
Introduction The decision to sell the business after so many years of hard work is not an easy one; however, it seems to me that it is the right thing to do. The reasons for this are several. Main text First off, taking into account the overall balance in the amount of money invested at the beginning and what is received in the end, one has to conclude that Bonneaus is to gain much. From the investment total of $6000, they receive $20 million in the end, not to mention how much money they probably earned throughout the period of thirty years which is how long they were running the business. Secondly, the maturing of the market that brought about significantly smaller profits is definitely a sign of not-so-great opportunities to prosper in the future because the buyers have found ways to consolidate and gain more power. For that reason, the only way to respond back is to join forces with other companies in the industry which is precisely what the prospective buyer intends to do. Finally, the fact that Ed no longer finds enjoyment in running the business and has developed some other interests is a clear sign that it is the right time to make a good harvest. The only thing that seems to cause worry is what is going to happen with the firm and the employees after it is bought by the financial buyer because Ed and Barbara have devoted 30 years of their lives to the business and it is evident that they cared much about the employees because they had a company chaplain who was there to help the employees in difficult situations. As for Ed’s opportunity to remain involved in the company’s work as a consultant, it is probably a good thing for both him and the company. It seems that despite the fact that the buyer is a financial one, he does not have the intention to sell out the company because he stated that he intends to buy several other firms and establish a large-scale business. For that reason, if he is to make a good start, he needs someone who has a lot of experience in the field. Ed certainly has the necessary qualifications since he has run the firm for thirty years and managed to do so in a very successful way by increasing its value several times. In addition, his presence in the company would ensure a smooth transition rather than an abrupt change in the working environment which would be beneficial for the atmosphere in the firm. Such a proposal on the part of the buyer is definitely a sign of his serious intention to continue running the business successfully. Conclusion In that light, granting the position of Chief Operating Officer to Bonneaus’ son-in-law does not seem problematic at all. Given the fact that he was a part of the management team in the company he is certainly one of the people with the most knowledge about the firm’s daily practices and can serve as a good connection between the employees and the new management team, thereby also ensuring a smoother transition. furthermore, it represents an opportunity for Bonneaus to despite no longer being the owners continue to contribute to the growth of the business only without that much risk.
Introduction Modern health technologies and information systems are making it possible for medical institutions to provide timely services. Unfortunately, such innovations present various security and privacy challenges that might affect the level of confidentiality. Different states across the United States are engaging in social networking and ePatient collaborations to address this challenge. This paper describes the arrangement and laws existing in Florida regarding the issue of healthcare informatics safety and privacy. Collaboration Efforts Florida is currently participating in various collaboration initiatives intended to improve the level of security when it comes to the use and access of patient data. First, the state uses the Crosswalk Tool that allows providers to search for regulations and laws regarding the safety and integrity of patient’s data. Second, Florida is part of the Health Information Security and Privacy Collaboration (HISPC). This is a federal initiative that brings together different states that want to expedite the adoption and improvement of electronic health records (EHR) safety (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, n.d.). Third, Florida liaises with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Cybersecurity Program. This federal initiative promotes an enterprise-wide initiative for supporting the wellbeing and health of the American people. HISPC Florida is presently participating in HISPC with the aim of introducing additional security mechanisms when using EHRs. This project has been bringing together different states in such a way that they expedite the adoption of health informatics (HIs) while protecting the stored data (Health IT, n.d.). Such an approach is essential to ensure that the handled information is safe while supporting the delivery of personalized and high-quality services. The decision to join this collaborative process has made it possible for the state to achieve notable milestones. Importance of Collaboration Collaboration is an evidence-based practice that allows different partners to partner and focuses on the best ways to achieve their common goals. This approach makes it possible for various agencies to identify some of the common security needs and analyze how they can affect the experiences and outcomes of the stakeholders. The states involved in such projects will combine their resources and implement superior mechanisms that can minimize the security threats and attacks that might affect the experiences of different patients (Mello et al., 2018). The initiative is capable of supporting the delivery of timely results within a short period. The partners will benefit from the strategies and implement similar mechanisms that make it impossible for hackers and phishers to manipulate or steal confidential information. Through continuous collaboration, partners present their insights that eventually result in practical and multi-state solutions. The relevant departments will harmonize the formulated security measures, formulate appropriate policies, and solve some of the emerging
The success of Home Furniture Ltd. (HF) is due to their commitment to provide affordable yet high-quality products. As a result the corporate leaders at HF went the extra mile in developing solutions to rising manufacturing costs as well as shipping costs. For them the best way to lower manufacturing cost is through innovation. The company developed a system of manufacturing that enabled them to disassemble furniture, ship it to customers, and then re-assembled in the comfort of their own home. It was an overwhelming success. The company was established in Finland but today HF already has a global presence. However, with the global expansion comes the inevitable problems associated with it. The corporate leaders at HF came face-to-face with challenges related to culture and logistics. Their difficulties were exacerbated by the fact that HF is no longer governed by a Finnish CEO but one who comes from the UK and together with his promotion to the top post, he brought with him a set of cultural beliefs and core values that came in conflict with teams working overseas. The new British CEO must learn how to do business in a global scale and it requires a clear understanding of cultural differences and its impact in developing teams. Some of the most significant changes made by the new CEO was to adopt the English language as the official language of communication throughout the organisation. Thus, multicultural teams located as far as India and other Asian countries must comply with this new directive. However, it did not take long for the CEO to realise that the communication strategy used to implement change revealed conflicts due to cultural differences. More importantly the CEO was made aware of the fact that there are serious lapses in human resource management especially when it comes to global operations. There is a need to formulate a strategy to solve these problems and the best way to start is to realise that culture is at the heart of the matter. A. Provide the new Home Furniture CEO with advice on the policy he should adopt when operating in various countries and employing people from various countries. Refer to the various concepts and outcomes of research on management across cultures. Understanding Culture The CEO must lead the way when it comes to understanding differences in culture and the need to effectively managed multicultural teams (Hogan, 2007, p.81). There must be a program that teaches top managers on how to deal with diversity within the organisation. The struggle in coping with the challenges of diversity is especially true for the expatriates that HF sent to handle their Asian and American business operations. The said training program should be instilled into the hearts and minds of the top-level managers who will be sent as expatriates to foreign countries. They must learn to respect, appreciate an