ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Our visit to Qatar to explore and study the mangrove ecosystem was indeed very informative. It was the best learning opportunity for mangroves. From the outset during the visit, it was evident that the mangrove fields needed rehabilitation. Unless the mangroves are rehabilitated, the ecosystem within Qatar will also be equally affected. The neglect of this environmental feature is evident throughout the portions that we visited and studied. It is also crucial to mention that mangroves are important carbon sinks when compared to natural inland forests. Mangroves play an important role of up taking pollutants channeled into the marine environment. After testing the gulf waters, the results indicated that they were highly saline. This is a major threat to the growth and development of mangroves. However, there are still myriads of opportunities to improve or boost the current level in the growth of mangroves. For example, research and development can be initiated with the aim of establishing better methods of managing the mangroves. The youths in the Gulf region can be educated and made part and parcel of such research studies. Nevertheless, the success of restoring the mangrove vegetation purely relies on good project management practices. For example, the quality, reliability and endurance of university students are of utmost importance. Second, it is crucial to consider the aspects of project ownership and partnership. In order to record any degree of success, the latter ought to be rock-solid so as to avoid mis-understandings that can significantly derail the process of conservation. As it stands now, mangroves are diminishing in terms of area coverage in several spots within the Gulf region. As already mentioned, Qatar is one of the affected regions. Adopting a Royal Decree is necessary to hasten the process of conservation. Awareness, management and conservation programs need to be put in place, in order to fast track the much- needed attention through the assistance of political organs in the country. Limonium axillare in Al Khor are very common species within the mangroves of Qatar. They are generally known to be highly resistant to the saline Qatar waters. Therefore, they can survive better in this ecosystem. However, the aforementioned species do not exist alone. Other organisms such as Arthrocnemum macrostachyum are also dominant in the mangrove vegetation. The latter also assists in primary productivity of the mangroves and a good carbon storage reservoir. The Arthrocnemum roots are also clustered with the growth of Cistanche tubulosa. It is a well-known parasite within the mangrove environment. It was not easy to establish how the seeds find their way to the roots of the plant. The biodiversity values of the salt marshes and the mangrove fields cannot also be underestimated. Throughout the field study, it was evident that the salt marshes and mangroves store significant amounts of carbon. In
The article in question addresses a number of issues. It dwells upon waste, underwater life, global environmental changes, biological diversity, etc. The article can be regarded as a bright illustration of some topics considered in the book by Mackenzie (2011). It is also possible to note that the article provides a number of specific details that tessellate into a mosaic of the environmental concerns of these days. These details make people understand the seriousness of the situation as they are not simply exposed to numbers and percentages, they are provided by accounts of particular people who can see the change with their own eyes. There are three points that make the article a good addition to the book. First, the article focuses on a particular issue, i.e. pollution of the world oceans. Notably, the researchers explore only a part of the ocean and analyze waters of areas where one of the most potent natural disasters took place. Hoare (2012) notes that people have considerably polluted the ocean. At that, the situation worsens as natural disasters contribute to the ocean’s pollution. Thus, after the tsunami in Japan, plastic debris increased significantly in the region. Tones of plastic goods were disintegrated into small particles, which has led to creation of a plastic soup. Secondly, the article also provides specific examples of influence of water pollution. Mackenzie (2011) provides certain data on the matter and Hoare (2012) mentions particular concerns of researchers. Thus, scientists are afraid of threats to biological diversity. Hoare (2012) notes that those species that can adapt to the new conditions (abundance of plastic particles) will survive. Therefore, the plastic soup negatively affects biological diversity. Notably, the concerns mentioned in the article make people understand how exactly pollution can influence environment. Finally, the article is also a good addition to the book as it mentions certain opinions on the matter and provides certain solutions to deal with the problem. Again, data provided in the book are comprehensive and detailed. There are many statistic data and results of various surveys. However, the news article verifies that the issue has specific implications, that it is discussed in society. Hoare (2012) mentions opinions of non-governmental groups and even opinions of certain entrepreneurs. Clearly, many companies are ready to become responsible and are ready to cooperate with scientists and researchers to help make the planet a better place for living. The present article verifies that the situation in the society is really changing as people start paying attention to the problem. On balance, it is possible to note that the article in questions is a very good addition to the book by Mackenzie (2011) as the article is a specific case study that provides details which illustrate facts and data provided in the book. Admittedly, the book is a comprehensive account of a variety of problems associated with environment. However, the news article highlights specific events that verify the fact that people try to solve the problem and people
Milton Friedman and his contributions to political and Economic Philosophy Milton Friedman is a renowned American economist. In that case, he has contributed greatly to various fields such as statistics, microeconomics, macroeconomics and economic history. Furthermore, he advocated for the laissez-faire capitalism (Kasper 2002). In his effort to create social and political freedom, Milton Friedman advocated for freedom and capitalism with an aim of limiting the government role in a free market economy. Additionally, in 1976, he was awarded with the Nobel Prize in economics. This was in appreciation for his achievements in monetary, history and consumption analysis fields. Apart from his expertise in the above mentioned fields, he was also awarded for his portrayal of the stabilization policy complexity. The American conservatives’ outlooks were greatly shaped by his political philosophy. This philosophy stressed on the market place advantages and challenges that accompanied government intervention. Furthermore, his political philosophy impacted significantly on numerous countries and also Ronald Reagan economic policy during his reign as the administrator of the United States after 1980. In his arguments, he pointed out that the great depression that was experienced in the United States was as a result of money supply mismanagement by the government. This was in reference to the United States Monetary History. Between the years 1941-1943, Friedman had a chance to work for the centralized government. During this time, he advocated for Keynesian taxation policy (Keynes 1936). This policy helped greatly in developing the income tax payments payroll with-holding system. In summary, Friedman was indeed the principal advocate of the monetarist economic thought. He based his argument on the claim that there exist a stable and close correlation between money supply and inflation. Of importance is that the inflation phenomena needs to be regulated by taking charge of the amount supplied by the Federal Reserve Bank to the national economy. Friedman rejected the utilization of fiscal policy as a demand management tool. In his view, he held that the role of the government in economy guidance should be extremely restricted (Bowman 2009). Milton Friedman – Lesson of
There is no use denying the fact language is one of the greatest inventions of humanity. One can say that it is thin which differentiates people from animals. Being one of the main conditions under which the existence of civilized society is possible, it promotes the further development of our world. Even in ancient times, people tried to create sounds that had a certain sense and which should make other members of society understand the message which a speaker wanted to deliver. That is why, with the development of humanity and sophistication of their needs the language also developed. Though, it was influenced by a great number of factors, such as the culture of people, their mentality, peculiarities of their emotional and physical state, and a great number of other issues. People, who lived in different parts of the world, had various combinations of these causes and, that is why, they obtained many different languages, which reflected peculiarities of their culture and region in which they lived. The population of Europe has a certain group of languages that are similar to each other, while Asian languages may seem strange and unclear for them. There is also a group of Arabic languages that have unique peculiarities. Being one of the most widespread languages, Arabic nowadays also has various forms and dialects which could be analyzed. First of all, it should be said that Arabic is rather an ancient language with its unique history. It appeared on the Arabian Peninsula, which is part of Western Asia. There were a great number of Semitic languages there which were spoken by locals. During antiquity people had been communicating with the help of various dialects, which interacted with each other, creating some common and generalized way to produce sounds share thoughts. Since that time development of this language became very intensive. Another important fact which influenced this language and promoted the creation of its modern image was the fact that people, who spoke Arabic, managed to spread their influence all over the world. Islamic conquests led to the spread of this language all over the Arabian Peninsula. Moreover, the Ottoman Empire, which language was influenced by Arabic, and Britain Empire, communicating with representatives of Arabic culture, also promoted its development and spread. During these processes, people, who spoke Arabic, settled in a great number of various countries. Thus, it is obvious, that their language was influenced by local languages and, that is why the manner of their pronunciation became different. Due to this process, various dialects of Arabic appeared. It is possible to say that nowadays, Arabic is a rather widespread language which is spoken in a great number of countries all over the world. First of all, it should be admitted that countries of the Gulf have it as their official language. Nowadays, these countries become more and more influential, because of their oil deposits which provide a great part of this source in the world. That is why it is possible to predict the further spread of this language as new business part
Introduction Operation Lemon-Aid was a carefully crafted plot by the American FBI to fool the Soviet’s KGB to understand how the Soviets were working to obtain intelligence from American agents. In this operation, Art Lindberg- a Navy lieutenant commander- was used as a bait to trap Soviet spies. Lindberg was almost retiring, and his financial woes made it easy for the Soviets to believe that they could use him to gather intelligence about United States military operations and plans in exchange for money. Vladimir Zinyakin, Rudolf Chernyayev, and Valdik Enger were the KGB spies who were to receive intelligence from Lindberg and pass it on to the top Soviet forces (Carriger, 2013). What the Soviets failed to understand was that Lindberg was a bait given to them, and most of the information he supplied them with were declassified. The Soviets fell into this trap, and it enabled the American forces to have a deep understanding of the strategies used by the Soviets to gather intelligence and how the intelligence they gather is acted upon by various security agencies. This operation also led to the arrest of the Soviet spies. Detailed Analysis of the Operation Operation Lemon-Aid of 1977 was one of the most sophisticated plots organized by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to help understand the operations and behavioral pattern of the Soviet’s KGB. The motive of the plot was to discover strategies used by KGB to gather intelligence about U.S. military operations and plans and to arrest Soviet spies operating within the United States (Jomata, 2009). The mechanism was to convince KGB agents that Lindberg, a Navy commander who is broke and nearing his retirement, was able to pass classified information about United States’ military plans and operatio
As the matter of fact, society has already entered the modern era. Technologies and innovations become an integral part of our life. It is worth stating that there is hardly an organization in the world that does not use technologies to improve the effectiveness and productivity. The model of bringing personal device to the workplace seems to give the companies a competitive advantage and solve particular issues; however, is it so? The main purpose of the paper is to highlight the pleasures and pitfalls of bring your own device model and examine whether the system is adjustable to every organization. Mobile network and smartphones are the essential elements of life not only of every modern human but corporation as well. Taken into consideration that every employee has a mobile device and brings it to the workplace have inspired some businessmen who created the system of BYOD. Without impressive investments as it is costly to provide the workers with gadgets and not every company can afford it, some enterprises decided to encourage the workers to bring their own gadgets. The ability to get access to the worker anytime and anywhere contributed to the improvement of the employees’ performance. However, according to the statistics, some companies are sure that the BYOD creates problems as well as solves them. Despite the fact, that it can increase the satisfaction from the workplace, the BYOD model contributes to the issues with the support of the personal devices. Moreover, the safety of the information is also questionable. In the case, the employee changes the phone number, or the smartphone is stolen, it seems to be complicated to secure and protect the information. The variety of operating systems and brands of the mobile devices makes it difficult to keep track of the gadgets and fix them. If the worker buys a new gadget, the company should be flexible and quickly adjust to it. The organizations should keep track of who and from what device gets access to the company’s data. The BYOD model demands the higher level of control and advanced supervision. Mobility is significant for the company’s success. Nevertheless, one should keep in mind that such flexibility makes the information more sensitive and puts it on the risk. The possible way to secure the information is to develop the system that will wipe the information remotely from the smartphone. The case with IBM proves that before implementing the BYOD model, the company should take into account possible risks and manage them appropriately. The IT department faces challenges, and, in addition, the company did not save money by following the BYOD model. The problem is that the employees tend to use personal storages to keep the company’s data, which is a crucial issue. IBM banned the usage of the cloud storage and does not provide the workers with access to the company’s network from the personal gadget. Although a number of companies face problems while the implementation of the BYOD model, the example of the company that successfully uses it is Intel Corporation. More than a half of the electronic devices are personal. The organizatio
Causes Legal systems are the source of Judicial Corruption in third-world countries. It originates from the judges and lawyers who are at the center of the legal systems in Africa. There are numerous causes associated with this form of corruption in Africa. There is a lingering culture of impunity in African leadership that is the primary cause of corruption. This makes it trickle down to the grassroots, with the most affected being the people (Homans, 20). Corruption also originates from the loose and easily-tricked legal systems. These legal systems, made by people who want to maneuver their way through big scandals, lay bare big corruption. The other cause is the low wages that the civil servants receive. These low wages make them want to have more and hence engage in unlawful means towards that goal (Mauro, 690). There are also institutional loopholes that form the basis from which corruption in these countries is propagated. Government agencies are the most corrupt. This is because of the fact that most people who require certain documentation are always visiting them. The system is such that it is too complicated and long making some people to opt for short cuts: corruption and bribery (Buscaglia, 280). The societies in those countries are such that they have developed a culture engulfed in corrupt ways. To beat the ever tedious ways of following the required routes, they have created a web of corruption. It is also a society where there is so much jostling for space and materialism (Shleifer, 600). The true definition of success is with the material possession one has. This has fueled both corruption and war in third world countries. Opportunities are also quite limited in third world countries. This has developed a desperation that is widely spreading throughout society making people, especially the youth, to be unorthodox in their ways (Blunt, 3). Economic Consequences The average person’s perception concerning equitability in society is quickly deteriorating. This psychological disorientation has affected many people who have opted for unorthodox means killing creativity and hard work (Klitgaard, 20). These two ingredients have killed the drivers of economy such as job creation, employment and well trained professionals. Corruption ahs also created social divisions with only very few rich people and a majority of poor people (Becker, 235). This social imbalance has continued to plague the governments’ ability to tackle important aspects of society like security. This has sacred investors in some parts of the countries which ahs greatly slowed economic progress. The overall cycle is that poverty has continued to plague third world countries that only depend on developed countries to even feed their own people. Governments have also lost so much in revenue due to corruption which has curtailed its desired progress in certain fields like infrastructure which has worsened economic progress (Becker, 13). Recommendations The most important thing to do is to engage in long-term culture changes. Once that has changed, each individual will know the consequences of cor
Introduction The research study examines the diabetes epidemic among African-Americans based on the various range of risk as well as structural factors contributing to the prevalence of the disease amongst women. The study mainly emphasizes possible avenues which could be exploited to ensure equal application as well as implementation of the various health care interventions with a focus on disease populations and disease management considering chronic conditions which receive greatest disparities in health care (American Diabetes Association, 2009, pp 13-61). Previous statistics reveal that the prevalence of diabetes amongst African-American is averagely 1.8 times more than that in whites of similar age. The studies further revealed that for every six whites suffering from diabetes, ten African-American are diagnosed with the same. The mortality rate amongst African-American is also higher approximated to be around 27%. The number of African-American diagnosed with diabetes and at the same time suffering from severe complications which accompanies the disease is over three million, which is almost 13% of the population. This shows that diabetes is one of the most costly health complications, but it can still be controlled through necessary preventive measures (American Diabetes Association, 2009, pp 13-61). Problem State
Introduction In an effort to attain a more independent and integrated world economy, various countries are entering in trade agreements. This is being attained through formation of trade blocs. As a result, the 21 st century is characterized by a rise in the rate of international linkages. The high rate at which countries are entering into trade relationships has improved international trade. As a result, different industries have been affected. International trade has further been enhanced by the high rate of globalization. Stern (2007, p.21) defines globalization as the growth in international transactions and markets for various goods and services and expansion in institutions scope of operation across national borders. The high rate of globalization has significantly affected the international hotel industry in a number of ways. For example, the industry is currently witnessing a high degree of complexity. According to Brotherton (2006, p.142), the international hotel industry is characterized by a few large multinational firms and large number of local small and medium enterprises. In order to survive in the industry, it is vital for firms in the international hotel industry to institute effective ways of dealing with the changes in the business environment. This means that successful firms will be those that are effective in anticipating, determining and solving challenges arising from increased rate of globalization. As a result, it is only firms which have management teams willing to adjust to environmental changes with decisiveness and speed that will survive in the long term. This arises from the fact that changes in the business environment can be a threat to the firms’ existence. Key influences driving the global market perspective adopted by many hotels In an effort to deal with the effects of globalization, firms in the hotel industry have incorporated the concept of internationalization. One of their core influences is the need to achieve their profit maximization and growth objectives. Most firms in this industry belief that 50% of their profit will result from foreign markets (Sharma & Morrisey, 2005,p. 5). This arises fro