ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Among the many careers perceived to be exciting in terms of travel perks and financial gains is in the field of aviation. A career on aviation particularly working for commercial airlines and private companies continues to interest a lot of people nowadays because aside from its attractive earnings, it also provides pilots and other flight attendants the opportunity to travel across the world’s massive continents and over its vast waters. This very tempting offer to be able to travel and be exposed to different cultures and see the rest of the world may probably be one of the most factors why being a commercial airline pilot is still viewed as a glamorous and equally important job. The Demand for Pilots There is growing demand for commercial airline pilot nowadays. This continuing demand for commercial airline pilots is affected by several factors, namely (“Dream Job”, 2005):   * A worldwide shortage of pilots which also means more overseas job opportunities and fewer applicants for domestic jobs.   * Having more experienced pilots able to fly international routes who are required to cope with the growing number of transnational tourists/passengers.   * Having good number of mid-career pilots who are greatly in demand by regional airlines, that are trying to expand their capacity by up to 40% to a result of the greater number of people (especially migrants) living in smaller cities.   * More flying instructors who are highly in demand to train the increasing number of international students studying for commercial pilot licenses in various flight training schools.   * New pilots are needed to replace the large number of highly experienced pilots who are approaching retirement age and will leave the occupation over the next decade. How to Become One To become a licensed and/or trusted commercial airline pilot, proper training is a must. There are a number of schools which offer programs or courses for commercial airline pilot aspirants. In the said program, students are then taught of the basic and advance airplane and helicopter operations (ECIS, 2007). Students also learn all about navigation, the safety and precautionary measures involving planes, as well as the aircraft design and performance. Teachers of such program or course also make sure that the students will learn valuable information on flight crews working together as a team and as an individual (ECIS, 2007). Teaching in the commercial airline pilot program is not an easy task. Teachers should have the credibility to teach students not only the basic tenets of flying but of the overall flying and aircraft service operation. Rochford (2003) stated that learning style is the way a particular student concentrates on, absorbs, processes, internalizes, and recalls new information. This implies that every air
Introduction Transportation is a general and essential function in all developed economies. It serves as a link between manufacturers and consumers both locally and internationally. According to Reis et al. (2013), transportation has a catalytic impact on society as it promotes not only movement of people but also a business. Companies use different modes of transportation to ship products. The choice of a transportation mode depends on the nature of the products and the distance it has to cover. Additionally, individuals choose transportation means based on their costs and efficiency. The various modes of transportation include water, land, rail, air, and pipeline. This paper will discuss the characteristics of each mode of transportation. It will also explore the factors that one has to consider when choosing an appropriate means of transportation. The paper will culminate by analysing the features and concerns of logistics in the Middle East. Characteristics of Each Mode of Transportation Water Transportation One of the primary features of water transportation is that it is slow. In spite of technological advancements, engineers have not managed to build ships that travel fast. Diziain, Taniguchi, and Dablanc (2014) allege that water transportation is suitable for moving large cargos that are not required urgently. The mode of transportation is preferred for shipping products over long distances. The modern ships are energy-efficient. Hence, they can move huge loads of goods at low fuel. Another characteristic of water transportation is that it is cheap compared to other modes. Water transportation is not preferred for moving people from one place to another. Land Transportation The primary feature of land transportation is that it is suitable for moving people across short distances. The mode of transportation is predominant in landlocked regions where people and products cannot be transferred via water. Marufuzzaman, Eksioglu, and Hernandez (2015) argue that land transportation is faster than water shipment and it connects many places. As the name suggests, this mode of transportation takes place on land using media such as buses, trucks, and cars. It is cheaper than air travel, hence preferred for public transit. Air Transportation The primary characteristic of air transportation is that it is the fastest of all the available means of haulage. Hence, the mode is suitable for shipping passengers and goods over long distances. Schliwa et al. (2015) allege that air transportation is safe, thus preferred for moving valuable products. The cost of air transportation makes it unpopular amon
Jorge Luis Borges wrote a charming, beauteous story named “The Library of Babel.” The narrative is highly imaginative and well-coined, describing a metaphorical world whose main structural components are hexagonal libraries. This literary simplification and deconstruction of the natural universe allow the author to underline some essential ideas. They concern eternity and infinity, the human role in the fabric of space and time, knowledge, truth, randomness, and order. The story is still relevant nowadays as it artfully displays the problem of excessive information, an issue of our civilization. Thus, “The Library of the Babel” demonstrates the over-complicated structure of the Library-Universe, and futile human struggles to obtain some sense from it. The system of the Library is appropriately defined and depicted in great detail. The hexagonal galleries contain subunits composed of other subunits and so forth to the smallest ones. The letter are “the space, the period, the comma, and the twenty-two letters of the alphabet,” and these elements distinguish each book from the plethora of others. This “alphabet” could be compared to binary code that modern computers use: only a pair of symbols, but the amount of information that they produce is immense. In the same way, the letters combine into larger composite structures in different languages; sometimes, they are meaningful and sometimes—not. However, one characteristic determines the existence of the Library: it “is unlimited but periodic.” The order of another rank ciphers the whole compilation of data. Hence, the Library is a diversed arrangement as the Universe or the modern information sphere. The other valuable message of the text is the helplessne
Introduction The case of Boeing demonstrates that the main barriers to effective communication between employees are perceptual barriers, emotional barriers, and interpersonal barriers (such as withdrawal). These barriers prevent effective communication and interaction between employees. Boeing’s management admits that “cross channel communication” is neglected so this creates additional problems for Boeing. If a workgroup sees its overall task as a collective activity with mutual responsibilities, the group, within the constraints of agreed-upon quality and health and safety standards, takes on the responsibility for internal task allocation and with it the self-regulation of individual activities. Internal coordination and control by a supervisor are replaced by outcome-oriented process supervision on the part of the group as a whole. The decision latitude for internal task distribution depends on the skill and competence level of the workgroup members ( Barker, 469). The barriers prevent team members and employees to communicate effectively and cooperate. The range of competencies has to be seen in the context of group size and the complexity of the overall task. In larger groups with more complex tasks, overlapping competencies might be sufficient; in other words, not every person has to be able to do everything Competence increases as time goes on, as individuals acquire new skills and problem-solving capabilities. Multi-skilling and task rotation can vary according to individual preferences and their current level of competence, allowing group members to find suitable niches. Discussion section The case of Boeing shows that the leadership strategy is appropriate as it allows the leader to improve communication and create a positive culture in all departments at Boeing If the merging firms are separated by great distances, communication becomes all the more essential (Armandi et al 1077). Periodic meetings, reports, or visits by management are all traditional methods of keeping in touch with the field office and keeping it in check. Likewise, steps must be taken in advance to ensure that the communication between the merged organizations is maximized. However, it is ineffective and wasteful for corporate management and executives to crisscross the country on a daily or weekly basis. Temporary relocations may be necessary to ensure that information is transferred to the appropriate personnel (Boehnke and Bontis 5). The leader uses reward and expert power to influence subordinates. All people see the world differently. In order to understand each other, employees at Boeing should pay special attention to individual differences and different communication strategies. Perceptual barriers at Boeing lead to poor performance and a lack of cooperation between employees and departments. In order to rely on internal flexibility to deal with personnel fluctuations due to absences or changing output requirements, adequate personnel resources and sufficient time for planning are needed in addition to a certain degree of multiskilling of group members. Then the group will be able to balance the
Job security is a very important factor influencing the quality of the work. Job security has become a burning issue since the 1990s. Many occupation groups are the most vulnerable to job insecurity. Insecure workers are mostly in jobs with temporary contracts and short job tenure (Green, 2003, p.2). Employees of the foreign-owned firms remain especially unsecured because of the low-wage economies. Jobs of short and uncertain duration are usually of low quality (Sverke, Hellgren & Naswall, 2006, p.4). The issue of job insecurity has become more and more popular in press reports and political debates since 1990. The level of job insecurity rises with the level of unemployment. When people do not have an opportunity to have a well-paid job with appropriate working conditions, they have to work at those firms where workers are needed without paying attention to the workers’ needs and interests. There are a lot of reasons of the rise of the job insecurity scale. In the United states changes at the work places are caused with the competition to other countries’ models of capitalism with competitive labour markets and volatile product markets which relax the government’s employment protection (Green, 2003, p.4). Another important reason for increasing job insecurity is the arrival of new technologies. The human labour force is ousted with machines and its value is underestimated with the development of new technologies. As the result, job security has become less attainable in the industrialized world compared to the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s, which are famous for high employment rates, stable growth and low inflation (Green, 2003, p. 5). Job insecurity has become an attribute of modern capitalism. Job insecurity is the main source of job dissatisfaction and ill health. There are perceptions of job insecurity described in a wide range of works. The main one is the perceptions of the risk of job loss. The fear of u
The problem of race has been one of the most debatable questions throughout the entire US history. American society has made a long way to achieving tolerance in the question of race and becoming colorblind. In the meantime, the problems of racial rights and social prejudice are still acute. The relevant phenomenon might be connected with the fact that the race issue has strong political implications – whereas the Americans might be utterly colorblind, their politicians may find it beneficial to pursue another ideology. It is essential to admit that the idea of the superiority of the white race was established a long time ago by the American founding fathers when the Constitution, defined Africans as property. Therefore, it became evident, that the question of racism is not only about ethics and morality but about power and authority as well. At that point, politicians promoted actively the ideas of racial inequality that were accepted by the society for granted. As soon as the policy of the white race dominance became unpopular and began causing excessive difficulties, politicians changed their strategy and imposed a colorblind ideology. Thus, Reagan’s main appeal was to support the creation of a colorblind society and advance the principles of equality and fairness. The new ideology shift was willingly accepted, and all the mass media sources would publish numerous articles devoted to the race issue. The key point resides in the fact that there no document or evidence justifying the dominance of one race over another would ever exist. Thus, the extent of colorblindness in the society would always be determined by the governmental policy. In the meantime, certain social groups can show strong resistance to the ideology imposed from above. One of the most vivid examples supporting this idea is the critical ideological discrepancy that occurred in Los Angeles in 1940s. The spread of the so-called “black” popular music and dance performances caused made the white the law enforcement authorities implement a reactionary regulation. In order to protect white art and its values, local politicians founded a Bureau of Music that was aimed at encouraging patriotic Arts (Macias 699). In fact, the Bureau’s activity had the strongest racial connotations. However, Los-Angeles residents, despite all the personal prejudice they might have had refused to put up with the violation the civil liberties of their neighboring communities. As a result, American musical and art culture enriched significantly due to the contribution of the Afro-American and Mexican artists. The case was the illustration of the democracy’s victory over political interests and historic prejudices. Unfor
Introduction The poem “Do not go gentle into that good night” is a desperate plea to a man who can do nothing but postpone the inevitable. His father is dying but the narrator wants him to fight this state. Through the use of imagery, the poet conveys the futility of his protagonist’s wishes, and makes one relate to the hopelessness of his father’s situation. Analysis Dylan Thomas uses plenty of imagery to evoke emotions of desperation. The second line in the poem epitomizes this aspect. “Old age should burn and rave at close of day.” (Thomas 194). In the analysis, the author believes that one should fight for life in spite of one’s age. The metaphors ‘burn’ and ‘rave’ stir up images of violent motion. They cause one to think of an intense fight or wild movements. Thomas is associating these images with old age. Immediately, one can see the irony of the two concepts because passivity and resignation typify old age. If the protagonist calls for the raving of old age, then he is advocating for something that directly contravenes the norms of old age. It is unlikely that his father has the will-power or energy to follow these instructions. Furthermore, his raving and burning will not change anything as he will inevitably die. The third line in the poem carries the theme of hopelessness even more profoundly. “Because their words had forked no lighting…” explains why many dying, old people find themselves in this state of desperation (Thomas 194). Individuals in this situation often realize that their time has ended, yet they have not left a mark in society. Consequently, they will fight death in a last-minute attempt to create a legacy in their society. When the writer connects ‘words’ to ‘forking’, he means that the assertions made by dying men, earlier on their lives, did not stick into the minds of their listeners. In other words, they had no lasting impact. The words were meant to cause enlightenment, hence the use of the term ‘lighting’ in the phrase. Such individuals may attempt to undo this predicament by fighting death. Once again, it is quite clear how futile such attempts are. When death is imminent, it does not matter how strongly one tries to oppose it because it will still triumph. If the dying man had lived an insignificant life, then eleventh-hour attempts to rewrite history are bound to fail. In line seven, the poet describes how good men’s frail deeds might have danced in a green bay. Thomas uses personification to illustrate the inescapability of death. In this line, he is talking about an extinct class of men who lament upon the greatness of their actions in the past. He calls their great deeds frail and then claims that they can dance in a green bay. A green bay is an endless sea; therefore, the word green bay invokes feelings of endlessness. Anything that is compared to this physical feature also shares the same traits of continuity. On t
Judaism is the religion of the Jews who believe that the world and all the things in it were created by a single divine God to fulfill certain divine meaning and purposes. This religion teaches that the will of God for the people was revealed to Moses and the Israelites at the mountain of Sinai. The commandments, referred to as Torah, were a gift to people from God, to regulate how humans should live and interacts with one another. Jewish individuals fit into one of the three branches of Judaism depending on beliefs and lifestyles. Orthodox Jews are traditionalists who observe all traditional laws and meals of Judaism. Conservative Jews put more importance on the religious and historic aspects of Judaism but do not hold any importance to Jewish political Aspects. Reform Judaism is a liberal branch of Judaism where members do not put much emphasis on the religious or doctrinal belief of Judaism but rather associate themselves with the race and culture of Jewish. To be considered a true Jewish, one must observe weekly, one day Sabbath rest starting from Friday evening. Male Jewish are expected to attend the synagogue regularly and all Jewish must observe annual festivals which include the Passover, Rosh Hashanah, or the Jewish New year’s holiday, among other festivals. The main leader of the synagogue is the Rabbi chosen by the member of the congregation. The Rabbi has to be well educated and versed with Jewish traditions. Anyone who is born to a Jewish parent or converts to Jewish according to Jewish Laws automatically becomes Jewish. Shinto is an indigenous religion of Japan that involves the worship of spirits, known as Kami. Kami can be a natural object or a process. The sun and mountains are a good example of Kami worshiped in Japan. Shinto was once Japan’s state religion especially at the height of the Meiji emperor. In Japan today, four forms of Shinto are practiced. Koshitsu Shinto is the religion practiced by the emperor, or the head of state, praying to deities for the happiness of all people, world peace, and continuity of the Japanese Nation. Shuha Shinto is another branch of Shinto where a group of people wi
The Emirates airline has experienced a lot of challenges in its operations, which has resulted in company’s poor financial performance. Several issues in the aviation industry have had a negative impact on the company’s financial results. The difficult economic environment in global aviation market has reduced the amount of revenues earned by airlines. The global aviation industry has experienced a slump in performance, and many airlines are currently struggling to stay afloat. This paper will discuss the macro- environmental economic trends which affect the demand for airline services in the global market (Bundhun, 2011). High fuel costs have had a severe impact on the performance of Emirates Airline. These increased costs resulted in the losses in the company’s profitability in 2011 which made its revenues reduce. The company spent more than 1 billion dollars on fuel expenses; the amount is higher as compared to that spent on the same in the same period of the previous year. The global aviation industry has become more vulnerable to instability in fuel prices than it was before. This situation has made many airlines around the world experience significant financial losses in their operations. (Bundhun, 2012). The International Air Travel Association has projected the global aviation industry profitability levels to reduce because of high fuel costs. The IATA has stated that profits in the industry would dip from 16 billion dollars in 2011 to 6.9 billion dollars in 2012. Emirates has had to contend with reduced traveller numbers as a result of the recession in Europe and other parts of the globe. The occupancy rates of passengers in the carrier have reduced, and this has had an effect on the airline’s revenues in the short term. The airline has managed to become elastic to the changes in the market in a difficult period (Black, 2012). However, despite all these challenges, the company has managed to register good financial results in 2012. The group’s fiscal results for the financial year ending September 30, 2012, were 575 million dollars. This performance is positive as compared to the revenue of 343 million dollars the group gained during the same period in 2011. The Middle East has seen an increase in the number of airlines. These airlines seek to benefit from the increase in the number of travellers in the region. Airlines in the area registered profits amounting to 900 million dollars in 2011, which shows the region’s aviation industry has experienced rapid growth. Emirates’ financial performance is beyond expectations because there are several airlines in the Middle East with good financial results. Etihad and Qatar airlines are Emirates’ main competitors. These airlines have made their operations more efficient in order to take advantage of high passenger traffic in the gulf (Black, 2012). The Emirates Group has changed its market strategy to meet the existing market realities. Emirates airline has acquired new fleet which is in line with the carrier’s ambitions to stay ahead in the global market. The
A novel is a narrative, fictional piece of literature that is usually written in prose. A novel gives stories that are presented in a serial or sequential manner and has been part of human culture since the medieval and the early romance periods when the novella tradition was in vogue. The novel is the most prominent form of literature world wide and has been treasured as the best example of what a man can write (Guglielmo & Chartier, 2). There are some characteristics that make up a novel. To start with, a novel may be written in a narrative form but it is not narrated, it exists in