ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Male dominance has been witnessed in a number of states globally, with the states doing little to change the situation (Grewal, 9). For example, in the United States, there have been social, political, and cultural forces controlling various women’s activities. Indeed, this is not new in the wave of feminist politics (Grewal, 11); for example, in the 19 th Century and the 20 th Century, there were a number of campaigns for suffrages including those protecting labor regulations, birth control system, marriage laws system, and equal opportunity rights for women. Although the state did not recognize the plight of these women at the start, it later listened. Therefore, from this viewpoint, one can argue that the state is the most problematic instrument towards feminist political change. One would argue that the state has largely contributed to the creation of male dominated society full of masculinity and capitalist system, thus hindering application of social policies (Grewal, 10). In fact, the state controls all the affairs in the society, including the collective power and individual security. Indeed, the state is the sole source of all liberalism movements in the society, and success depends largely on the collective security given by the state (Grewal, 14). Therefore, women or feminist politics are mainly affected by regulations provided by the state. Furthermore, the general belief that women need more protection from men has prevented women from reaching their full potential. Besides, protection codes and the politics of protection by the state have hindered women movements. As a result, state regulations, in most cases, usually portray women as powerless while at the same time portraying men as being more masculine and stable (Grewal, 17). The classification worth policy is also another state-perpetuated procedure whereby, women are showcased as being weak in terms of jobs offered. Moreover, the dramatic increase in women population and poverty index has also largely affected feminist politics, leading to more families owned by women (Grewal, 6). Due to this, cases of female pornography and sexual abuses have become rampant in most families due to poverty. With increase of these activities, female political change faces a lot of domination, dependence, and cultural protection (Grewal, 20). Therefore, the state promotes male dominance, masculinity and reduces democracy and freedom. Nevertheless, the state is unbounded terrain of powers and forces, providing rules and practices that control the affairs of the society (Grewal, 5). Despite the fact that the state supports
Regardless of the eminence of the technology, there are several critical problems that have a substantial effect on humanity and their attitude toward driverless cars. These pivotal issues revolve around the importance of the decision-making algorithms included in the car. It is important to realize that there are situations in which there is no correct answer. Instead, these events turn into moral dilemmas, and the cars will have to decide what to do. On a bigger scale, it comes down to a situation where the car will guarantee the safety of its passengers but only under certain circumstances (Gingrich & Worthington, 2013). Currently, numerous researchers believe that the maneuvers performed by self-driving cars impose major risks on all the road users. Even though these vehicles are thoroughly tested via specific simulations, it may seem like currently these cars are trained to kill and not to save (see Figure 1). The danger can be explained by the automatic decisions made by self-driving cars which sometimes are rather debatable (for instance, a situation when the car will choose to kill one person in the crash instead of injuring multiple people) (Carr, 2016). Figure 1. What would the car do? The researchers are keen on understanding the ways to mitigate the occurrence of human-sacrifice scenarios. At the same time, they realize that this kind of situation will be inevitable in the future full of self-driving cars. The moral dilemma inherent in this technology has a significant impact on the attitudes of humanity toward driverless cars. Nevertheless
The issue of self-assessment is of great importance in Human Resource Management practices and procedures. Self-assessment is regarded by managers as importance practice of developing professional and loyal employees with high solid capacities for learning, training and creating human capital. Self-assessment is highly reflexive practice and is particularly crucial for those enterprises that practice autonomous and deregulated personal and team-work. Therefore self-assessment is needed for creating necessary self-management possibilities for the work in order to make him more responsible and his performance more effective. But the problems occur with the validity and accurateness of self-assessment, though we must provide the analysis of various factors embedded in the process of self-assessment. The main obstacles to accurate self-assessment are its subjective character and intentional misinformation or misinterpretation. The first one is sometimes even more important that objective techniques of performance assessment and the second must be resolved in order to create necessary conditions for learning and enhancing employees’ performance. Each of these obstacles must be dealt with separately in order to analyze the issues of self-assessment and find out the way of increasing its accurateness (George, Smith 1990, 123). The most frequent questions that are posed during the process of self-assessment may vary from organization to organization but the most general list of them may be presented as follows:   * Identification of key performance issues in organization   * Description of employee’s tasks and responsibilities vis-a-vis these goals   * Description of the current position.   * Diagnostics of employee’s performance in relation to environment, motivation and capacity.   * Prescription of changes and maintenance. The subjectivity may contaminate self-assessment in some of these categories. First of all, what concerns formal issues such as responsibilities and companies goals employees show general understanding but, of course, there are many exceptions. So, these formal parameters are not the matter of subjective dispositions (Statt 2000, 23). The problem of subjectivity occurs in such issues as diagnosis of employees’ performance, motivation assessment and propositions for changes in the organizational policies and practices. What concerns the assessment of performance many workers tend to make their performance variables lower and in contrary higher, which depends on the subjective relation of employee to his working conditions. This can occur unintentionally. The creating of person-day analysis worksheets in this cast can’t be regarded as resolution of the problem, because the variables that are listed in such assessment instruments represent only facts and results, but fail to provide with employees’ personal attitude to his level of performance (Hughes, Love 1994, 128). Thus, other approach should be elaborated.
Joanne Morreale’s (2005) “Reality TV, Faking It , and the transformation of personal identity” discusses reality shows on YV as a manifestation of self-commodification characteristic for contemporary corporate capitalism. The article’s focus of the show Faking It , which revolves around a transformation to mimic a person from another social group convincingly enough for a team of experts. As Morreale (2005) explains, the premise of the show is that transformation is synonymous with improvement and brings fulfillment. The author discusses different aspects of this supposed self-improvement, such as the authoritative guidance of coaches or the formative experience of seeing oneself in the mirror in the new quality and being seen (Morreale, 2005). By doing so, the article demonstrates how Faking It deconstructs the identity to a list of alterable external signs with no inherent, deep core to the social self. According to the article, this result is the direct fruit of the logic of consumerism and corporate capitalism taken to its conclusion. As Morreale (2005) shows, associating consumption with fulfillment necessarily leads to the commodification of self. If consuming is the main way to feel better, people need to consume continuously and in greater numbers in order to self-actualize and reinvent themselves. From the author’s perspective, Faking It takes the premise of identity as a fruit of consumption and develops it further. It represents selfhood not even as a consumption pattern but as a commodity to be consumed (Morreale, 2005). Moreover, the show’s often-directed nature does not prevent marketing it as reality, which implies that becoming a commodity to be reshaped and market-tested offers greater fulfillment rather than having one (Morreale, 2005). The author concludes that reality shows, such as Faking It , offer a mass-produced simulacrum of self-fulfillment for a contemporary society where the shifting patterns of consumption are perceived and represented as the essence of self.
Lottery is often referred to as a form of authorized gambling. It is also a topic of a heated debate. Lots of people spend thousands striving for the jackpot. Admittedly, there are people who believe that lotteries should be banned as any other form of gambling as they have numerous negative effects on the society. Though, there are still those who try to prove that lotteries are harmless ways of entertainment. Nonetheless, negative effects of lotteries have already been identified and it is high time to address the problem. It is crucial to ban lotteries to ensure proper development of the American society. In the first place, it is necessary to look back to understand the essence of the issue. Lotteries appeared in the New World in the early 17th century when King James of England tried to raise money for the development of settlements in Virginia (Bobbitt 2). Notably, there was no other way to raise money to build such facilities as roads, schools, lighthouses, etc. Therefore, people saw lotteries “as a civic responsibility rather than a form of gambling or entertainment” (Bobbitt 2). Nonetheless, lots of people started launching lotteries and there was a lot of fraud. In the early 18 th century lotteries were banned as they were associated with frauds and other illegal practices. However, lotteries made a great comeback in the 1970s and they became exceedingly famous in the 1980s. At present, US lotteries annual gross revenue is huge. For instance, it was more than $50 billion in 2005 (Bobbitt 2). Importantly, people do not see it as ‘a civic responsibility’ anymore as Americans tend to see it as a way to make a lot of money quite easily. Nevertheless, only a few people win while thousands of people lose a lot of their money. Thus, Farberov stresses that poor people and people having financial issues are likely to spend their money on lottery tickets (n.p.). It is reported that some people withdraw their health insurance in their chase of jackpot and some of them even die as they do not get the necessary treatment (Farberov n.p.). Moreover, lotteries are often associated with such problem as addiction. According to numerous researchers, lotteries cause development of addiction in people of all ages. Since lotteries are authorized forms of gambling, more and more people are likely to develop the addiction (Monaghan, Derevensky & Sklar 253). People do not stop spending their money and try to borrow or, as has been mentioned above, tend to spend health insurance or welfare funds. It is also necessary to state that it is not only individuals who suffer from this ‘harmless’ type of gambling. One of the most detrimental effects of lotteries is that adults deprive their children of lots of opportunities. A man in a line for a lo
It is difficult to overestimate the importance and significance of news in our life. Media affects virtually all spheres of our life and helps one feel a part of a community. Following the news, one may get an insight into political, financial sphere, create an impression of what is happening in the world, and more importantly, in a community that one lives in. How news is presented vary depending on the source. TV and periodicals may be more lenient to the Government whereas the Internet, Social Media, and online blogs are less biased and present the reader with issues to contemplate. It is up to a reader whether to obtain news from opinionated sources or objective publications which provide readers with nothing more than bare facts. This paper will study the news presented in the frames of the Bennet News Model. The articles from the Gulf News Publication were selected as examples for discussion and critique of the theory. The Bennet News Model is based on the fact-oriented telling of the news where the role of the reporter and his opinion is minuscule. The Bennet News Model presents neutral coverage of events, and therefore, attracts a wider audience. The news articles from the Gulf News elucidate on the life of a famous, Bollywood actor Salman Khan who has been in the media spotlight both for his career achievements as well as for the crimes he had been accused of, specifically the notorious hit-and-run case of 2002, when he allegedly drove over a man sleeping on the pavement, killing him and injured four others (Egbert, 2015). One may think that stories dealing with crimes committed by celebrities are fertile ground for speculation and social analysis, however, the Gulf News chose a rather neutral and impersonal tone in reporting the story. Two articles are dealing with Arman Khan and his crime, the first one ‘Salman Khan cleared in deadly hit-and-run’ which is not an article per se, rather a bare interpretation of court sessions and proceedings, dates, etc. The second one ‘India’s love affair with Salman Khan continues’ which is almost entirely comprised of Salman Khan’s biography and cinematic achievements with only two small columns shedding light on the crime and the latest acquittal verdict. It is not the crime itself that needs to be discussed, the issue behind it presents a wider spectrum of thoughts, one of which is India’s justice system. The article from the Gulf News and its narration style is in apparent contradiction of the same news presented in various social media sources. Many popular bloggers have spoken their minds regarding the issue, and Twitter exploded with tweets ridiculing the verdict (Pathak, 2015). The social media response was far more heated. The articles dealing with celebrity crimes on the Internet present a completely different style. Bloggers blamed the Times of India newspaper for the biased depiction of Khan’s story by putting the details of court proceedings on the front page, while the names and reports of the victims involved were only on the second page (Pathak, 2015). The Gulf News, in my opinion, not only used the Bennet News Model, but they also skillfully shifted public focus from the crime and
Introduction Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is frequently seen in patients seeking healthcare services in hospitals. DVT can lead to severe morbidity and enhance mortality in the general populace. The incidence of DVT in the United States of America is estimated at about one in every thousand person years. However, reliable incidence data is not truly available as autopsy results often show the presence of DVT, even when there is no clinical suspicion of DVT. So reliance on hospital discharge diagnosis or on death certification hardly provides a true indication of the exact incidence of DVT in any population (Rodriguez & Schwartz, 2003). Such a scenario may have arisen from the impression that superior vein thrombosis (SVT) due to its benign course, often being ignored as a possible sign of DVT. According to the American Public Health Association 2004, DVT and the complications that result from DVT us responsible for as many as 200,000 deaths in the United States of America every year, and many of these deaths could have been prevented. It is the frequent exposure to DVT in the clinical environments die to high incidence of DVT and the high morbidity and mortality associated with DVT that has evoked interest in DVT and the reason for this paper. Predisposition to DVT Since the beginning of the twentieth century three factors were considered as being responsible for the predisposition of an individual for DVT. These three factors were a high state of coagulability, trauma to the vascular intima, and venous stasis. Evidence from over these hundred years suggests that such a consideration of the predisposition of an individual to DVT was true, as the currently held predisposition factors show. The current understanding of CVT shows that several factors influence the predisposition to DVT, which are a combination of genetic risk factors and acquired conditions. Estimates suggest that genetic causes are responsible for 25% of the cases of DVT, and where there is a family history DVT this percentage increases to 63% clearly indicating genetic factor responsibility. The elevated levels of factor VIII5 and high plasma homocysteine levels are important among the factors considered to be responsible for DVT. Among the acquired predisposition factors for DVT stasis is the most frequently encountered precipitating factor. Enhanced age, obesity and restriction to movement, smoking and prolonged travel aggravate any of the acquired predisposition factors (Rodriguez & Schwartz, 2003). Surgical interventions are found to be responsible for the final precipitating factor of vascular injury leading to DVT. There is general acceptance that orthoped
Hypothesis There has been an argument about the efficiency of green buildings and whether they are indeed sustainable. In this case, green buildings have proved to be much better than other buildings and this is as far as environmental aspects are concerned. As a matter of fact, it should be known that new technologies are being developed and this is the way to go. People are being encouraged to develop green structures and this is aimed at reducing the environmental impact that other buildings have had on the society. Abstract It is undeniable that the world is going green and this will ultimately involve everything. As a matter of fact, the idea of green buildings has been greatly embraced by different people in our society and this trend is expected to continue as time goes by. Generally, these buildings are being developed to be in line with the current technology and advancements but the overall objective of green buildings is to reduce the environmental impact (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 4). The most outstanding benefit of green buildings is the reduction in wastes and this is something that other developments have not taken care of. Gases that are emitted from materials like formaldehyde have had a serious impact on the occupants’ health and this is something that needs to be solved through green buildings. As a matter of fact, indoor air quality is greatly enhanced through green buildings. This should reduce air impurities and other organic compounds that can be distributed and found in air. Many materials that have been used in other buildings emit toxic gases and that is why we can say that green buildings are better in indoor air quality. Green buildings enhance maintenance optimization and this is something that argues well in their favor (Langdon 12). Green is a term that has become popular in recent years and this is as far as buildings are concerned. In this case, it has been used to describe the design and construction of buildings. These are buildings that have a minimal impact on the environment. Introduction Green buildings revolve around a structure that is environmentally friendly. In addition, the structures are supposed to be resource efficient. This is as far as the buildings life cycle is concerned. All this should be catered for from the time the building will be set up to the time that it will be demolished. The maintenance and operation of the building should also be green oriented as far as the aspect of green building is concerned
Introduction Electrical engineers do not need a professional license or certification to start their careers. However, a professional electrical engineer license can be extremely useful in reaching heights in this area. This step will help to deepen specialized skills to a prominent level, ensure adherence to ethical standards and quality of work (“Electrical certification and certificate program options,” 2020). In addition, in the future, the license will be an advantage in earning the clients’ trust and the ability to take a superior level of responsibility for the employer (“What is a PE,” n.d.). Apart from it, for the specialist themselves, it will serve as a symbol of pride and a measure of the achievements won. As far as trends in the types of certification and licensure recommended for the career concerned, there are presently a wide variety of skill improvement areas. In particular, it is proposed to obtain certificates of energy efficiency management, electrostatic discharge control, system design, and others (“Electrical certification and certificate program options,” 2020). At the same time, if a hundred years ago, anyone could work as an electrical engineer without qualifications; currently, expectations are changing. Each state regulates engineering practices to ensure people’s safety, giving only professional engineers the right to seal and sign plans. Required Point in the Career and Involved Institution To obtain a professional electrical engineer license, typically, four years of practical experience in this field are required. In addition, it is preceded by receiving a bachelor’s degree, after which the student becomes an Engineer in Training (EIT) or an Engineer Intern (EI) (“What is a PE,” n.d., 2020). Further, the specialist must be supervised by proficient engineers for at least four years, considering an opportunity to work in the U.S. They, in turn, must also be licensed as professional engineers by passing the appropriate exam recommended by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) (“What is a PE,” n.d., 2020). The institution which will be involved is the School of PE; it has relevant courses and seminars in various engineering areas, including electrical. Requirements for the Licensure Educational a