ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What do you see as the key issues in this case study? The main issues include: racial prejudice, disrespect for authority, superiority complexes, and lack of child discipline. This class of ten to eleven year olds has a lot of complications within the classroom. The white children are biased towards their black classmate, and their actions clearly illustrate this. These students also have superiority complexes. They think that they are better than other students as seen through their abusive language and selectivity during the group interactions. Their reluctance to clean the classroom was also a reflection of this. These children do not respect authority because they challenged their teacher on everything that he told them to do. They took too long to form groups, and when asked to create them in certain ways, they argued about it with their teacher. They used very inappropriate language to talk to the teacher and disobeyed him concerning the issue of cleaning up. Most of them also dismissed his teaching methods by saying that they were pointless; clearly, respect for authority is lacking. Lastly, the children lack indiscipline as seen through their language, their mannerisms and their lack of participation (SFU np.). Based on the data in this case, describe the behaviour of the students in this class The children’s behaviour displays racial discrimination owing to their treatment of the new coloured student in class. They ignore him throughout the session, and when asked to look for group mates, none of them want Roland to be part of their team. They also move their desks away from Roland’s. This shows there is a high degree of intolerance among the students. At one point, the children are required to clean up after themselves. They quickly respond that this is something they never do at home, so it was degrading for them to do it in school. This implies that they think they are better than the janitor or other people who clean up. Such behaviour is symptomatic of superiority complexes held by the participants in this case study. Another scenario that reflects such tendencies was their high level of selectivity during group selections. Many of them kept giving reasons why they thought they were better than others, or why it was inappropriate for them to join a certain group. They also reflected these tendencies when they used derogatory, hurtful and inappropriate words towards one another. These children felt that it was quite normal to call others ‘morons’, or other equally discourteous words. The students illustrated disrespect for authority by failing to cooperate when they were called upon to do so by their educator. They did not seem to acknowledge his position when they defied instructions, and when they took too long to respond. The group members did not care about what their teacher said because they resisted any effort on his part to question their behaviour. Lastly, these children’s actions also demonstrate a high degree of indiscipline since they cannot think about cleaning up. None of them engages in the classroom activities. They do not care about the
Introduction Control of criminal behavior, proper analysis of crimes, and abilities to comprehend society’s demands and incitements to crimes are considered the major issues in criminology. It is inhere to people to commit crimes, become arrested and judged, and be able to response for own actions, ideas, and outcomes. Western culture is the one that may become influential for any race, for any nation, and for any person in committing crimes. The desire to earn more, the necessity to eat and have apartments to live, and finally, the wish to meet own interests, demands, and needs – all this may serve as a possible ground for making crimes, killing people, sexual offences, rape, and other poverty crimes. Asian migration to Unites States and some European countries leads to changes in populations, abilities to get education for people of different races, conditions under which incomes may be equal for each citizen. Organized crimes may happened on absolutely different grounds, and one of them is social discontent and the desire to have more, and Asians have all chances to represent how crimes are started, developed, and finished. It is necessary to have time and abilities to analyze crimes, and in spite of the fact that Asian crime is not as frequent as the crimes of white or black people, the abilities, which are opened for Asians, provide them with a chance to change their rates. This is why it is crucially important to control situation, to remind people about the essence of crime, its causes, and outcomes, and present more or less clear examples, which help to explain the bases of criminology. Asian crime is one of the concepts that are hard to investigate because of racial prejudice, mistrust, and suspicions, which are directed to police, government, and citizens; many Asian people can hardly comprehend that their activities are illegal and they commit crimes, which are prosecuted. Main Body Asians and their place on global arena The place of Asian crime in the world criminology. Asian crime plays a crucial role on global arena, as it adds to the whole picture of criminology in general. The significant feature of Asian crime is that the crimes, which are committed by Asians are traditionally organized, that is prostitution, gambling, violence, or extortion, while American criminology world is focused more on transactional crimes. Referencing to the United Nations’ Center for International Crime Prevention, the organiz
Introduction The United Arab Emirates is one of the Gulf countries that are rich in natural resources, like oil and gas. UAE is also accredited for having the highest GDP in Asia. UAE’s breakthrough in oil and gas (in the year 1960) changed the economic and socio-economic scenario of the nation. The sudden discovery of oil posed a great challenge for the government because there was not enough local labor force to tackle the huge developments. Consequently, the foreign labor force from developing countries had to be hired. As oil and gas brought revenue, other development works in various other fields also started and more expatriate labor force had to be hired. As years passed by, the expatriate labor force was literally all over the emirate, leaving very little scope for the local labor force. In the year 2009, unemployment (among the local population) in the UAE was at its highest, with reports of 40,000 nationals being without work (Baxter, 2009). Support offered by the UAE government and the private sector to the local labor force The UAE follows the guidelines of its strategy of ‘Emiratisation’. The private sector companies in the UAE, which come under the purview of the Ministry of Labor, have stringent guidelines to employ local people up to certain levels. Until January 2011, such companies were required to maintain a specific number of local employees but now, a new resolution of the Labor Ministry is in force, which makes it mandatory for all private companies to hire at least, “3 percent of the top three professional categories in an employer’s workforce” (Kantaria, 2012). This is seen as a major step taken by the UAE government to protect the interests of its citizens. The UAE government has categorized the private companies into three segments, namely ‘First Class’, Second Class and ‘Third Class’. The criterion for this categorization is the level up to which a company adheres to the guidelines pertaining to the local labor force. As the category of a company decreases, the amount of government fee and the bank guarantee, to be given to the government, increases. Due to this provision, all private companies try to be ‘First Class’. This has also benefitted the local labor force. Another good thing that the UAE government has done for its local labor force is that they have been protected from undue dismissals from their jobs. Under this provision, the employers have to notify the Ministry 30 days in advance of the termination. If the Ministry decides that the termination is not viable, the company is given 15 days to find a solution to the issue. This again is a positive step in the better interests of the local labor force. Unemployment among the UAE female graduates During the years, after its inception, the UAE has witnessed a rapid growth in the higher education sector. According to the ‘Commission for Academic Accreditation’, there are not less than 70 institutions registered with the ‘Ministry of Higher Education and Research’. Among the total graduates in the UAE, 65 percent are females (M
Affordable Care Act (ACA) is associated with the recent reformation of the U.S. health care system. To conclude about the role and effectiveness of Affordable Care Act, it is necessary to focus on such a research question as the possibilities for improving the patient health outcomes (Chang & Davis, 2013, p. 407). Thus, the main question which should be asked in this context is the following one: Will Affordable Care Act contribute to improving the patient health outcomes in the United States? To answer this question in detail, it is necessary to focus on the researches conducted in the field and on the primary data presented in the form of opinions which are provided by the Americans. From this point, the target population used for collecting the data should include potential patients or users of the new insurance system and physicians and nurses who work within the new environments. To discuss the process of the target population selection, it is necessary to focus on the selection procedures, sample size, the data collection methods, and on the statistics used to analyze the data in the research. Rationale for the Identified Target Population The target population selection process includes several stages which are associated with determining the research question and the purpose of the study. The target population as the general population to be addressed in the research includes patients and physicians as the main stakeholders of the health care industry (Jacobsen, 2012, p. 106-107). To select the population, it is necessary to focus on potential patients who used, use, or plan to use the specific health care programs and insurances associated with Affordable Car
Introduction Many organizations are concerned with how they can increase productivity. To remain competitive in a highly competitive business environment, organizations have to make the best use of their resources. Managing human resources, however, is one of the most challenging tasks. All employees are expected to work towards the goals and objectives of an organization. However sometimes employees engage in behaviours that impend rather than promote attainment of the objectives. By good organizational management, counterproductive behaviours can be reduced and productive behaviours encouraged. Overview Productive behaviour and counterproductive behaviour are common terms in organizational psychology. Productive organizational behaviour refers to the behaviours that promote the attainment of organizational goals and objectives (Douglas, Gundlach, & Martinko, 2002, p. 37). Each employee in an organization is assigned duties and responsibilities. He or she is aware of what is expected of him or her. When there is productive behaviour the objectives of an organization are more likely to be attained. Counterproductive organizational behaviours, on the other hand, are behaviours that block the attainment of organizational goals and objectives (Jex, 2008, p.167). Counterproductive behaviour can be viewed as the opposite of productive behaviours. The effect of counterproductive behaviours is reduction of an organization’s productivity. Counterproductive behaviours constitute such as laziness, cheating, absenteeism and harassment. Effects of Productive and Counterproductive Behaviours Productive and counterproductive behaviours have effects on employees’ performance and the overall performance of an organization. Employees are expected to behave in ways that lead to positive contribution to an organization’s goals and objectives. Employees with productive behaviours behave in ways that have positive contribution to the organization’s productivity. Such employees execute their duties to the best of their capability. In some occasions, employees with productive behaviours go beyond call of duty to perform chores that they believe are of beneficial to an organization. The employees can also come up with innovations that help to increase productivity in an organization. The employees have a sense of ownership to their organizations and contribute selflessly to their success. Employees with productive behaviours are highly motivated to their jobs. Productive behaviours have positive contribution to an employee’s performance. The employees are highly motivated in their duties and their performance is enhanced. Such employees will demonstrate such behaviours as hard work, trustworthiness and self driven. For example, an employee with productive behaviour will strive to perform more tasks. Productive behaviours lead to better performance by employee overall better performance to an organization. Counterproductive behaviours have negative effect on the performance of the employees and the organization. Counterproductive behaviours tend to counter production in an organization. The behaviours constitute behaviours such
The Key Trend in Retailer Industry Costco Wholesale Corporation (CWC) is the “nation’s largest wholesale club operator” (Hoover’s, Inc., 2016, para. 1), and its sphere of activities can be termed as “retail” (Forbes, 2016). In the area, one of the key trends that all the modern retailers have to correspond to is the adoption of contemporary technologies in the sphere of customer service, in particular, the e-commerce. Fortune (2016) terms CWC a “laggard” in this respect (para. 1). Value Line analyst Dalavagas (2015) puts it differently: he suggests that CWC is oriented towards baby boomers who are less interested in technology, which may be considered a kind of inertia for an old and reputable retailer. In any case, the lack of response to the e-commerce development is an issue that turns into an external threat as the competitors of the company employ it (Fortune, 2016). Even though in 2014, the National Retail Federation (2014) ranked CWC number three, CWC is not a monopolist. Hoovers, Inc. (2016) suggests that CWC’s primary competitor is the Wal-Mart’s Sam’s Club, and the competition between the two is tight. For the time being, CWC is outperforming Sam’s (Fortune, 2016), but Sam’s is looking for opportunities to change the situation. For example, the recent CWC credit card swap (which involved breaking the partnership with American Express and choosing Visa instead) led to many customers being unable to use their card and having to change it. Wal-Mart responded by offering to accept Costco membership cards at Sam’s (Farber, 2016). The competition between the two clubs is tough, and this threat is being intensif
Monitoring the Change The proposed change involves updating Kudler’s accounting system by applying the fixed costs equally, based on a proportion of sales. The purpose of this change is to enable the company to accurately determine the true profitability of each of its products. Consequently, making effective business decisions will be easier. Implementing this change requires consistent monitoring to ensure that the desired outcomes are met. During the implementation process, three measures will be used to aid monitoring. To begin with, the progress in implementing the planned activities will be measured. This will involve determining whether the planned update of the accounting system is being done within the set timelines and budgetary limits. The output of the planned change will also be measured in terms of the accuracy of the profitability figures of each product. Finally, the outcome of the proposed change will be measured in terms of the business decisions made using the new output (profitability figures generated by the updated system). The accuracy of this output and the extent to which it facilitates efficiency in decision making will be used as success indicators. The main observation tools will include surveys and interviews which will be used to gather information about the management’s perception of the usefulness of the proposed change. In addition, participatory techniques, as well as, output/ effect indicators will be used to monitor the change. Participatory appraisals will involve discussing the success of the change with key stakeholders. Output/ effect technique will involve using predetermined targets to measure the effectiveness of the proposed change. Opportunities for Adjustments In change management, adjustments are often made to ensure that the implementation process is responsive to emerging needs and challenges. Consequently, the following adjustments are likely to be made to ensure success. First, the timeline for implementing the change is likely to be adjusted. This is because the accounting staff responsible for measuring fixed costs will have to be trained on how to use the updated system. Since training outcomes depend on the trainee’s ability to learn, it will be necessary to extend the timeline if the accounting staff is a slow learner. The benefit of this adjustment is that, the accounting staff will be able to understand and use the new system correctly. Consequently, technical errors will be avoided. Secondly, updating the accounting system involves costs which can change during the implementation process. For instance, the proposed budget for the change will have to be reduced if the company experiences financial constrains. Similarly, the proposed expenditure will have to rise if costs such as the cost of training the accounting staff increases over time. Thus, adjusting the cost will help in preventing failure by ensuring that the available funds are adequate for the implementation of the change. Change Resistance The proposed ch
Introduction Effective narratorial voice causes readers to share in an experience and hence feel what the characters are supposed to feel. An essay, novel, short story or any other literary work is a way of embarking on a journey. The narrator must take readers on that journey with him or her. It is never enough to recollect a series of events; the story teller must share how an occurrence changed, affected or strengthened a character. It is this quality that gives readers a sense of living the plot. Three ways in which narratorial voice accomplishes this effect Narrators can cause readers to live the plot by maintaining the right balance between crucial information and tedious details. Readers do not necessarily have to know the identity or background of the narrator. However, they need to be furnished with just the right amount of information to understand the plot. Since audiences are unfamiliar with a narrator’s background, it essential to let them know about this information at the right time. For instance, in the story “A family supper” by Kazuo Ishiguro, one learns that the narrator had lost his mother, yet he knew about the cause of her death two years later (Ishiguro 167). Readers can then decipher that the ‘family supper’ mentioned in the title would be a tense and constrained one. It is then possible to relate to the effects of immigration between family members, as a theme in the novel. Through this careful placement of information in the novel, the narrator was able to convey information about the constrained relationship with his family. Readers did not need to know about why Kazuo left Japan for the US as this was not essential to the story. The events of interest were his relationship with his family, and this took place after his mother’s death. This narrator started with the issues that were pressing his family rather than the occurrences that led up to their loss. Using such an approach locks readers into the book because it dwells on consequential issues (Eakin 33). A good narrator must refrain from overpowering or dominating the story at the expense of certain characters in the play; instead, one should combine characters’ experiences in an effortless and rich way. A good way of accomplishing this goal is through paragraphs that have varied subjects. One such strategy is in the short story “A man to send rain clouds” by Marmon Silko. “Before they wrapped the old man, Leon took a piece of string out of his pocket and tied a small gray feather in the old man’s long white hair. Ken gave him paint.” (Silko 65). The point of view in this narration is third person. In one small paragraph, the narrator has talked about three characters that were essential to the story. However, instead of dominating the work through the narrator’s descriptions, the author opted to show the actions conducted by Ken and Leon rather than expounding on them. For instance, instead of adding comments about why it was necessary to place a gray feather in the old man’s hair, the narrator simply described what the characters did. This minimized the level of dominance that the storyteller would have added to the story. R