ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Job Satisfaction, Job motivation and Job Performance is a set of energetic forces that develop both within and beyond someone, to influence work-related behaviour, and to determine its form, direction, intensity and time (Doyle, 2012). Job satisfaction is how an individual is contented with his or her job. Job performance is an individual output in terms of quality and quantity in a particular job (Doyle, 2012). This discussion explores a problem of employee motivation at Wal-Mart retail chain in China. It also connects the issues with Herzberg’s Motivation Theory (Doyle, 2012). Basing on Herzberg theory of motivation, the paper explores the relationship between Job performance, Job Satisfaction, Job motivation and Job Performance using Wal-Mart practices as a case in point. Motivation Theory According to Herzberg motivation theory the motivating factors comprise recognition, achievement, form of work done, accountability, growth and advancement (Doyle, 2012). As Herzberg indicated, the sanitation aspects of his model include the rules and administrational aspects, life of the employees, favourable conditions at work, closeness or connection with the administration, payment matters, and work to work relationship (Doyle, 2012). As emphasized by Herzberg, motivating factors are all company aspects that aim at helping employees meet their needs (Doyle, 2012). When both sanitation or hygiene and motivating factors are not handled well, employees are not likely to be motivated and as such their performance will not be to the maximum. Employee motivation issue in Wal-Mart China At the turn of 21 st century, Wal-Mart became one of the largest retail chains worldwide. However, in order to reduce operating expenses and maintain prices to a minimum, Wal-Mart pays very low salaries, offers minimal benefits to its workforce, and applies punitive policies that do not support employees at all (Chen, 2013). For instance, in China, the corporation replicated its corporate practice of low-cost, high -bulk model to a high-cost Chinese market. This practice has led to a conflict, and as the result the company is facing many challenges relating to labour, salaries and wages (Chen, 2013). That is, the company’s mission is to meet the expectations of its clients and not employees. The company pays its employees very low salaries and does not recognize the leadership of workers union (Chen, 2013). Based on this practice, there is inequality, tensions around labour and workplace rights (Chen, 2013). The labour activist called Wang was sacked for agitating for the rights of his fellow workers, and lately he was leading demonstrations with the aim of forcing the Wal-Mart management not to cut pay of the employees. So far, the company has recorded many demonstrations by workers demanding for better pay, a good compensations scheme and good working conditions (Chen, 2013). In Wal-Mart, workers are not encouraged or satisfied by the amount of money paid to them. The organization demands a
Introduction Energy is the driving force of economical growth and development for any given economy in the world. Industries use energy as an important input and they provide employment to many people. For any work to be done transport is important to enable movement of people and raw materials as well as finished products, as a matter of fact the transport sector also heavily depends on energy. Unfortunately, this important resource has a limited supply while the demand keeps on growing due to population growth and advancement in technology. Research is hence paramount to come up with energy production sources which can serve even the future generations, and have as minimal pollution effect as possible. This paper will explain what sustainable energy is and provide some of the sources. Definition Sustainable energy entails use of energy in a manner that enables the present generation to meet its requirements for energy, while at the same time not jeopardizing the future generations’ ability to get energy. It includes using energy sources that are not harmful to the environment and technologies which aim at increasing efficiency in the use of energy (Gabriel 95). The term sustainable energy involves considering whether; the source of energy can cope with the ever increasing human needs, it produces as minimal environmental pollution as possible and has minimal wastes. In a nutshell, sustainable energy combines the idea of renewable energy as well as efficiency in consumption (Barbaro and Biachini 78). Renewable Energy The term renewable energy refers to energy sources that can be used throughout without getting depleted. This type of energy is mostly from natural sources which at the same time produces very minimal negative environmental effects. All renewable energy sources cannot be termed as being sustainable but rather those that are easily available and produce minimal wastes to the environment (Evans 120). These sources include; hydroelectric power, solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, bio-energy and ocean energy. Ocean energy refers to all the energy that is produced through the action of the ocean which includes tidal power, wave energy and thermal energy. Thermal energy is produced due to temperature difference when the sun heats the surface of water while deep sea remains unchanged (Evans 210). Tidal and wave power on the other hand, are produced by the action of wind and gravitation pull on water. Thermal energy is fairly stable and more sustainable. Moving water, mostly from rivers, is used to turn turbines activating generators which produce energy known as hydroelectric power. Electricity from this source can be used for heating, lighting, in industries and even in the transport sector. Presence of rivers in most parts of the world makes hydroelectricity available to most people and easy to produce (McLean-Conner 58). It produces minimal wastes to the environment and is almost pollution free. Geothermal energy refers to the type of energy harnessed from heat that is tapped from the underground using pumps dug into the ground. This ranges from hot water found
Routers and Switches are hardware devices that are used in connecting servers, computers, networks, and other such data traffic handling devices. Routers are box-type devices that are small and have a number of ports at the front and the back faces. These ports have connectors and are used to provide connections to different computers and servers, to electrical circuits to divert power, and also in display illumination circuits where a number of LEDs and lights are used for decoration or to display the status of a machine or process. A router is used to direct TCP/IP packets to other networks and the session is active till the packet reaches the target destination. The data packet also has the IP address of the destination. The devices are placed between two LANs or WANs, at gateways, or between a LAN and the ISP. Routers use protocols such as ICMP for communication. Routers examine the data packet to understand the IP addresses of the source and the destination, then route the packets as needed to ensure the data reaches its final destination. There are different types of routers such as broadband routers used in home networks for connecting the home computer and LANs to the Internet and also allow a single Internet connection to be shared between multiple computers. These routers also provide proxy support and DHCP server along with integrated firewalls. Other types are wired Ethernet broadband routers that have an in-built Ethernet switch and permit multiple hubs and switches to connect. Wi-Fi wireless routers are also available and they are used to provide wireless network connectivity between computers and the Internet (Schudel, 2008). A switch is a hardware device that is used to connect more than one computer or server in a LAN. A switch functions at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model. These devices can operate with virtually any type of protocol. A switch stores records of the MAC addresses of all computers and servers that are connected to it. Switches are more intelligent and conserve bandwidth as they examine the data frames to resolve the MAC addresses of the source and destination devices and allow data to be transmitted when there is no congestion. It is able to resolve and identify the exact port number to which the data is to be sent connects to the port and starts the data transfer only when the port is free, ready to accept the traffic, and is able to understand the protocol. Another advantage that a switch provides is that it allocates the full bandwidth to each of the connected devices, provided the network can handle the load. Different types of switches are network switches and Ethernet switches. Each switch can have eight or more inward and outward connections and network administrators typically connect multiple switches in a daisy chain so that the switching capacity is incrementally increased. These devices are designed to support 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, or 10/100 Mbps Ethernet standards (Seifert, 2000). Routers and Switches are specified as per parameters such as Number of Ports, maxim
Introduction In his works Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle puts forth his thoughts on ethics. This is one of the well known works by this philosopher, and it continues to influence many ethical theorists even today. One of the messages that Aristotle puts across in this book is the fact that all humans aim at eudaimonia. This means that we all aim at happiness as the ultimate goal of all our actions. The following theories have all been influenced by Aristotle in one way or the other: Kant’s Deontological Theory Deontology is one of the approaches adopted in ethics which gauges the “badness” or “goodness” from the acts themselves or rules that govern the acts (Kay 3). This is as opposed to examining the consequences of the act itself or the character of the actor. There are various justifications used to qualify Kant’s contribution to ethics as deontological. This scholar posits that it is only when a person acts from duty that their actions can be qualified as morally right (Kay 6). The consequences of the acts do not make them right or good; rather, it is the motivation behind the actor. A case in point is the Ten Commandments (Kay 5). Any act is judged to be morally right or wrong by considering whether the Ten Commandments were followed or not. One of the strengths of Kant’s theory is the fact that he safeguards the justice of the individual (Kay 5). He regards the individual as an end in themselves, as opposed to means to an end. For example, he finds it morally repugnant to make one person suffer for the sake of the majority. However, many people take it that Kant errs in his refusal to consider the consequences of an act. Surely, we should take into consideration the effects that our actions have on other people in the society. This is the only way that the society can coexist harmoniously. Mill’s Consequentialism Theory Unlike deontologists, Mill holds that an individual’s action should be judged whether it is morally right or not based on its consequences (Haliquist 1). Mill holds that a morally right act is that which has positive outcomes (Haliquist 1). As such, the ends, according to this scholar, justify the means. Mill is a utilitarian consequentialism theorist. He holds that a person should engage in an act that brings about good returns for the majority. In our everyday thinking, we will consider an act to be morally right, from the perspective of this scholar, if it benefits many people as opposed to few. For example, it is morally right to sacrifice the life of one individual to save the lives of many (Haliquist 2)
Overview On May 12, 2003 three separate teams of terrorists carried out suicide bomb attacks on the Dorrat Al Jadawel compound, the Al Hamra Oasis Village and the Vinnel Corporation Compound all of which were located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Their actions resulted in the deaths of 35 people with well over 160 others injured in the process (The world this week, 2003). It was an attack that was unprecedented in the history of Saudi Arabia since it was ideological in nature and was aimed specifically at foreign nationals (The world this week, 2003). When examining the various aspects of this case the most interesting facet is the motivation behind the actions of the suicide bombers. As seen in the recorded wills that were made shortly before they carried out their suicide attacks, one interconnecting theme between all of the bombers is their assumption that what they do is for the “greater good” in that through their actions they would “rescue and defend” their fellow Arabs from the unjust incursions of foreign powers on both the land and culture of the Arab people. In fact various studies which have examined the psychological underpinnings of suicide bombings have shown that most if not all of the participants involved don’t view the potentially dozens of people they may kill as a sin rather for them it is an act of devotion towards the precepts of Islam (Cooper, 2008). When taking such factors into consideration it is thus important to examine the reactions of the general public towards the actions of the suicide bombers. The reason behind this is quite simple, if the suicide bombers are doing this “for the people” as they say then it is important to understand the whether the general public has a positive or negative reaction towards such violent actions which are “supposedly” for their sake. Objectives The objective of this report is to investigate the following: 1.) Discern the general impression the selected respondents have on the suicide bombing incidents in Riyadh. 2.) Determine whether the respondents would be more inclined towards thinking of terrorism in a positive way if it were to occur in another country. 3.) Examine the general impression the respondents have on foreign interests within Saudi Arabia. 4.) Analyze the reactions of the respondents towards the decision making process of the suicide bombers. 5.) Determine the current view of the respondents towards the actions of terrorist groups who radicalize certain elements of the Quran in order to justify bombing public areas. 6.) Examine the general impression the respondents have regarding the possible negative ramifications of correlated to Islam as a direct result of the actions of suicide bombers and terrorist groups. The following questions will
There are several cultural conflicts in the world today, and one example is the case of the Maori and Pakeha of New Zealand. This conflict is always brought about by differences in organization culture of communities in question. There are different elements of organization culture, which bring communities into conflict. According to Weeks, the physical artifacts, which are the physical layout and use of facilities that represent a symbolic expression of an underlying meaning or values and beliefs as exhibited in the case of the Maori and Pakeha, is one of the major causes of conflict (1994). Ngaire, like all other Maori, believed Marae was a prestigious place to hold Hui because wharenui in Marae was named after an ancestor. The Maori like other communities, believed in ancestors and hold such a place with high esteem. The Pakeha on the other hand saw Marae as a less prestigious place and her manager did not see Marae as a place that could befit such a high profile occasion. Language and metaphors is another element of the organization culture which often causes conflict among communities (Shellemberg, 1996). Language is a medium of communication for all humanity, the meaning of words used in the language always carry a lot of weight and always express the deep seated values that the organization or community hold dear. For example the name given to the meeting place in Marae (wharenui) did carry a lot of meaning and significance to the Maori people. Flannery (n.d.) says stories, myths and legends always epitomize the unwritten values and morals or the cultural life. The Maori people believed that the place named after one ancestor was a very significant place. They believed that People who go inside the wharenui would be taken into the body of that ancestor and protected. This are the cultural believes that are reinforced by stories and myths and they strengthen their belief in the process. Bilikopf (n.d.) argues that Ceremonies and celebrations are other elements that signify organization culture which cause conflict; this is where people participate in their cultural ceremonies. There are different roles played by different people that signify different aspects of their beliefs and these serve to reinforce their cultural believes. The organizing of Hui by Ngaire for the Maori women is such an example. Another organization element which causes conflict is the behavioral norms (Flannery (n.d.). Norms reflects the typical leadership in the cultural organization. The Hui was to be organized according to the accepted Maori ways with different people playing different roles designated by the society; the norms will dictate how people communicate in the society. It is the differences in these norms that bring about the conflict. The Maori community has their own communal behavioral norms which differ from the Pakeha behavioral norms. The shared believes and values are one other organizational element that makes communities to collide.
“The Best Job in the World” Project This project offers the job of the tropical island caretaker, and the ability to touch the wild nature with unique flora and fauna. The 6-month contract includes a $150 000 salary, living on the island and keeping the plants, birds and animals safe from tourists. So what makes them say this is the best job in the world? Essentially, you will be getting paid to explore the islands of the Great Barrier Reef. Sailing, kayaking, snorkeling, diving, and bushwalking, are just some of the activities that you can do on the island. (Anastacio, 2009) All you would need to do would be to post a weekly blog, photo diaries, and create video updates to tell the world about the unique experiences available on the islands of the Great Barrier Reef. It is also a great opportunity to see the world, which exists only on the pages of books and biological atlases. The scale of this event from a diplomatic point of view is essential, as all the applicants are in equal positions. The island caretaker’ position was created as part of a three-year $1.7 million marketing strategy by Tourism Queensland. But Tourism Queensland chief Anthony Hayes said the job was not just a publicity stunt. “Yes this is part of a unique Tourism Queensland strategy to promote the islands of the Great Barrier Reef internationally, but candidates will have to go through a genuine recruitment process ,” he said. (Cooper, 2009) Cultural Diplomacy The value of this event from the viewpoint of cultural diplomacy is essential. The government of Queensland decided to increase the popularity of this island by arranging a worldwide contest. The applicants are not required to have some special skills, however, they should be communicative, be good at English, active and energetic. Thus, the Queensland government allowed the whole world to value the cultural and natural heritage of the Big Barrier Reef Islands, which is the best instance of Cultural Diplomacy for the recent several years. The diplomatic value of this contest is its worldwide scale. Anyone, from any country, independently of race, religion, the color of skin, political preferences etc., was able to apply. All the applicants are equal, and it is one of the few events which equalize the opportunities of people from all over the world. We will be considering a broad range of experience. But what applicants should have are excellent communication skills, a high level of English and good interpersonal skills (Anastacio, 2009) Diplomatic Evaluation of the Event The contest does not have any background which could provide the appearing of some prejudice, there is no poli
Introduction This essay analyses role of congress and role of American presidency with the aim of establishing which institution represents voters most. For an individual to answer the question of whom between the president of the United States and the country’s congress best represents the American voters, one needs to understand US politics and how the system of governance in the US is structured. Moreover, one has to understand the milestones, if any, which are attributable to the US presidency and the US congress as independent institutions. A president, who is the head of state and government, governs the US. The president of the US is the commander in chief of the Armed forces and thus is chief security officer of the nation. Congress is the bicameral legislature that comprises of the senate and the House of Representatives (Fein, 26). Fein (28) further observes that elections for the members of the house of representative are conducted after every two years. On the other hand, Senators are elected for a six-year term. Congress The issue of voter representation is a relatively tricky question, because level of representation is dependent on individual elected official. To the extend an elected officer listens to his or her people or is in touch with the people’s interests, to that extent he or she represents them. Representative politics assumes that the person who has been elected by the voters actively fights for their rights, interests and needs. Congress as an institution is supposed to be the most representative of Americans’ interests. Given there are many members from diverse backgrounds and representing different interests in congress, one can argue that it is more representative of Americans than the president. Comparing the two houses, one can validly argue that the members of the House of Representatives are more pressed to actively fight for the rights of voters than the senate given their term is shorter compared to that of the Senators. The fact that they have to go back to the electorate and seek a new mandate after every two years coerces them to focus more on the interests of their people. Consequently, one would expect them to work like bees in order to proof to the electorates that they are still pushing for or are keen on helping them realize their rights thus being given another chance in congress. Senators have a relatively more stable term in office. However, the length of the term does not translate into complacency. The senators just like the members of the House of Representatives are always on toes to represent the electorate. President Unlike members of the House of Representatives and the Senators, who often tend to