ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Organization justice relates to employees’ perceptions about the manner in which they are treated within their organization. Employees play an important role in the success of any organization and as such, organization justice has become a topic of great importance to organizations and scholars. There are three distinct components of organizational justice that are discussed separately in the following paragraphs. All the three components are interrelated. Employees’ trust on their organization and supervisors and the support that they receive from them are very crucial in terms of organizational management. This study aims at investigating the concept of organizational justice in Saudi Arabian Oil and Gas Company. It will assist in understanding the various components of organizational justice within the organization. The paper will further study the impact of such components on the performance of
Introduction The example of bidding processes described in the case presents several problems that can be analyzed and mitigated. First of all, the pricing of final bids is based on the median of all offers from participants (Zimmerman & Warren, 2016). Therefore, small companies that cannot set high prices or have brands with a low level of recognition may choose to offer low bids, which reduces the median price. The companies with high-quality products and more expensive equipment cannot win the bid and have to either refuse or accept to supply their products at extremely low prices. Such decisions can endanger businesses. Recommendation for Bidding Second, this type of bidding offers non-binding offers, where suppliers can refuse to accept the contract after they win the bid (Schatz & Cefalu, 2016). Moreover, CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) does not recalculate the bid after the winners refuse and withdraw from the contest. This practice means that when bidders who set low prices remove their initial offers from the auction, the final bid stays reduced, limiting the financial resources for other companies who choose to accept the costs. Thus, these manufacturers and retailers lose money or have to supply products of lower quality to cover the expenses. This decision brings on another possible risk that directly affects beneficiaries of Medicare. Patients who receive low-quality products or cannot access the usual range of available equipment may suffer as a result. Their health may deteriorate as a result of being treated improperly. The elected representatives can agree with manufacturers and sellers because they may anticipate the risks explained above. Although low prices may seem beneficial to the government, the overall quality of supplies may bring more dangers to the beneficiaries and their health. Moreover, companies with better products may refuse to accept these unfair regulations and ignore the bid, leaving only dubious products available for clients (Cramton, Ellermeyer, & Katzman, 2015). Thus, it may be unwise to ignore the political pressure and focus on revising the bidding process. If Medicare would seek bids for cardiac care, it may influence companies that supply these products. Their assortment may decrease and change to less recognizable and reliable brands (Cramton et al., 2015). The economic state of these manufacturers could worsen, which would affect all aspects of the manufacturing process. Politically, the government officials may encounter many concerns from retailers and suppliers with high-quality equipment. Distorted fee schedules offered by Medicare may not only increase the prices but also provide worse care to its patients. Their health outcomes may suffer, leading to more expenses and less favorable results. Th
Introduction The healthcare objectives are concerned with the most influential international organizations and governments of different countries. In this respect, the role of their critical leadership in maintaining the world issues concerned with health cannot be underestimated. When the healthcare of mankind is at stake, responsible for this task organizations should mobilize their efforts to keep the situation stable. World Health Organization (WHO), US Center of Disease Control (CDC), and Individual Countries are under analysis. The paper provides a scope of a critical survey on the role of each of the aforementioned structures in eliminating rates of infectious diseases. In this respect, the main aspects to be worked out are reporting as well as verifying cases of infectious diseases. Thus, WHO, CDC, and Individual countries are aimed in their main functions and responsibilities at finding out the best way to report and control infectious diseases. Discussion The situation in the world is constantly changing in terms of different threats to humanity and its healthcare. This hypothesis has been taken for granted in light of the latest events in the world. It constitutes that the main organizations for healthcare should keep a strict eye for diseases to take place where people live. The basic organization in this respect is, of course, WHO. Its role in the stabilization process is likely to be similar to the coordinating body in the universal framework. Thereafter, CDC and Individual Countries comply with the decisions and acts adopted by the WHO assembly. WHO The organization positions itself as the main regulatory body for fixing any case of epidemics or diseases rates generally in the world and specifically in any country worldwide. Thereupon, the scope of the interests that WHO has acc
Michael Kors Michael Kors is an American fashion brand that specializes in luxury clothing, footwear, and accessories. The brand is present in over 100 countries and operates in three main sectors: retail, wholesale, and licensing ( Annual Report 2016 5). The company’s headquarters are located in New York City, but it also has a chain of offices in other countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, and more. Michael Kors is a public company with a relatively stable financial performance. With 398 stores in the Americas and 429 international stores, it had total annual sales in retail and wholesale of 4,347.9 million USD for the fiscal year ended April 1, 2017 ( Annual Report 2016 5). The vast share of annual retail sales – 1,713.7 million USD – was achieved in the Americas, whereas the annual retail sales in Europe were significantly lower, at 507.7 million USD ( Annual Report 2016 5). The brand was created by Michael Kors, who was born in 1959 in New York under the name of Karl Anderson Junior (Michael Kors). In 1977, he enrolled at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York but soon left for a chance to sell his designs at the boutique where he worked at the time (Michael Kors). In 1981, Michael Kors established his own brand, presenting his first collection at the Fifth Avenue department store. The first Michael Kors catwalk show opened in 1984, and in 1990, the company launched the KORS line (Michael Kors). However, until the 2000s, the brand was predominantly focused on womenswear and accessories, sold in department stores across America. The first menswear collection was released by Michael Kors in 2002, whereas the first mono-brand retail store was opened in 2006 (Michael Kors). Overall, despite being a new brand, Michael Kors has an established reputation for quality and success, which is why it is attractive to customers all over the world. Michael Kors designs feature a mixture of “stylish elegance and a sporty attitude” (Michael Kors). In womenswear, the brand offers a wide variety of apparel for both casual and evening wear. In a signature Michael Kors look, simple silhouettes are complemented by design features, such as ruffles, metallic fabrics, or lace. The clothes offered by the brand are stylish and comfortable at the same time, and most designs are quite versatile and can be combined with other items from the collection. The brand is also notable for its large collection of handbags, featuring both classic casual leather bags, as well as a variety of clutches and backpacks. The brand’s philosophy is to offer a wide range of high-quality luxury items in the medium price range. Michael Kors presents a significant threat to Sandro, as it targe
Introduction Atha Corporation has the best employees who are talented; hence, they have potential in diverse areas. The company intends to utilize the various talents to attain a competitive advantage and to be productive. Therefore, the frontline management and the employees are working together to ensure that they achieve the company goals and increase the company sales (Mathur, 2006). The company has developed employee retention strategies by encouraging the staff to feel free and raise any issue that may be an obstacle in achieving the company goals. In order to achieve the desired goals the management motivates all employees to plan, organize, and act as lead examples to control and manage the production process (Robbins, DeCenzo, & Coulter, 2013). The company has developed various strategies to ensure that it avoids any loopholes which may tint its image. The company’s CEO wishes to encourage all staff to follow and adhere to the company’s goals and objectives to improve its competitive advantage. Organizational chart Atha has established an organizational structure which follows a hierarchy system. The top management is occupied with the company owners. In addition, the company owners are the top level managers in the corporation. The company owners are followed by the vice presidents who are subject to the company owner, who is the CEO. The vice presidents are followed in the chain of command by the departmental managers. These are frontline managers who are followed by the employees, who report to the department managers (Bizmaunualz, 2008). At Atha, all the staff recognizes the hierarchical leadership structure and follows the chain of command. All employees are responsible for their respective duties assigned. For instance, each department manager ensures that all the duties are competed under their areas of supervision. In addition, the top level managers ensure that the chain of command is followed through establishing a high level direction to the company. The operations manager is responsible for developing a plan of action, and the supervisors are responsible for providing direction to employees to execute a high level plan. Sales and marketing area The overall goals of the sales and marketing area includes; to double the sales without increasing the price, increase international sales, ensure accurate on-time delivery, and to plan, organize, lead and to control and manage the sales and marketing department to meet the corporation’s goal of improving the business by 100%. Goals and activities of the sales and marketing area The company’s goals and activities include retaining existing employees. In order to retain the existing employees, Atha aims at providing traini
Observation and Description The lesson is taught by Lisa Polacsek for the fourth-graders. As learning theories may have some aspects in common, it is necessary to take into account those that are more related to the lesson in question. As such, the learning theory observed in the video can be considered relevant to social learning theory established by Albert Bandura. This theory presupposes that students learn from each other in the process of interactions. Besides, theory of social development by Vygotsky presupposes that students can learn something new in the process of social interactions. Finally, we can see discovery learning established by Bruner in action as students discover new facts in the process of learning. The teaching situation includes division of students into science groups of six students in each; the roles assigned to every student are aimed at engaging every student into the learning process. Moreover, a teacher takes a role of an observer who does not interfere in the scientific activity of the group. The students are grouped so that there are about the same boy to girl ratio whereas the number of members is equal in all groups. The lesson takes place in a large room where students can see the erosion when they poor water on soil: one person reminds what they should do and/or see at a specific stage; another person supplies water; the third person tracks the water; the fourth person serves as a messenger when a team has some questions to a teacher, etc. The teacher performs the role of an observer who can talk to a messenger only. The observed teacher-to-student interactions presuppose that one student in each group whose role is a ‘messenger’ can only speak to the teacher directly while all other members of the team cannot do that. For instance, in the video the teacher asked a student to remind who can talk to her and talk to the messenger instead of talking to her. This approach is aimed at making students cooperate. The observed student-to-student interactions include management as every team has a manger. Besides, students have to talk to each other because they should ask for a teacher’s help only via ‘messenger’. In addition, other members of the group also have their roles that imply certain actions within the group such as tracking the scientific activity or managing water supply. In other words, student-to-student interactions are based on the roles assigned. Analysis, Exploration, and Reasoning The purpose of the observed lesson is to teach students understand erosion as a natural phenomenon and make students cooperate with the help of dividing them into science groups and assign
How events in the case coincide with issues raised in the case The first major event was when the Royal Conservatory of music was annexed to the University of Toronto. This coincided with the successful nature of the Conservatory. Since it was acknowledged as the top piano school, then it was only natural for the institution to associate with one of the top tertiary institutions in Canada. These two entities had one thing in common; they both trained students to become professionals in music. The next event was the restructuring of the Conservatory. This coincided with the relatively new appointment of Peter Simon as President. He restructured at a time when the institution was marred by a lack of identity since it had lost its traditional role of training concert type musicians to the University of Toronto. The Conservatory had lost control of its crucial functions and it may have been this issue that prompted Peter Simon to restructure by firing staff. The other event was separation of the university from the Conservatory. This coincided with poor financial management which came with an academic culture. He saw the need to inject a new culture into the Conservatory through a shift to corporate culture. The other events included introduction of new genres of music through the music path, renovations, creation of a new centre, internet and outreach programs. Each of these latter events coincided with the expansion of the school of music, better financial management and proliferation of technologies respectively. Whether Peter Simon has been successful Peter Simon has been successful because he has turned around the ill fortunes of the Conservatory. He identified the various problems ailing this institution and came up with a strategy for turning them around. In other words, he identified problems in financial management, human resources, program offerings, technological use, expansion of the institution and organizational culture. He has raised the financial well being of the institution as seen through the many projects he initiated. The introduction of outreach programs and learning through the arts are new ways of raising revenue and are also indicative of his success in changing the organizational culture and organizational growth. He has also addressed problems in human resources by restructuring and delineating the Conservatory from the University. Issues of technology use have been addressed through the internet outreach programs. Meaning of shift from academic and corporate culture In any academic institution, focus is usually on instilling knowledge rather than financial gain. This means that an institution may sacrifice some financial gains for educational purposes. One of the reasons why the conservatory held on to all those teachers was because they focused on what they could achieve academically rather than business wise. In the corporate culture, decisions are based on the concept of maximization of profit. In other words, strong financial performance is a priority and if this necessitates firing staff or introducing new
During the 1930s, the Great Depression affected many states leading to major changes in different sectors of their economy. Canada was one of the countries that became a victim of the Great Depression. Owing to this, the issue has attracted the attention of many researchers. The aim of this review is to examine the work of one of such researchers, Katrina Srigley. This paper seeks to analyze her book, Breadwinning Daughters: Young Women Working in a Depression- Era City, 1929-1939 (2010) . The Great Depression era affected the live style of young women in Canada. They experienced many changes while trying to adapt to the economic difficulties brought about by the depression. Her book explores the impact that the Great Depression had on young women within Canada. This paper gives a summary and evaluation of the book besides its relevance to the course. The Great Depression era affected the economic stability of the Canadians notably, the young women. During this era, Canada experienced the lowest prices of the commodity that acted as the major source of revenue to the national wealth (Kottman 610). Additionally, the Canadian agricultural sector faced subsequent crop failures due to the drought that occurred between 1933 and 1937. Owing to this economic breakdown, most of the Canadian population became depended on the government in respect of not only their food, but also other basic needs such as clothes, etc. Following the economic hardships, the Canadian population dropped significantly. The birthrates decreased from 13.1 to 9.7 per 1000 people within seven years. The government’s supply of food offered to most of the Canadian population was not enough to satisfy the needs, thus this fact led to increase of cases of malnutrition among the nation. However, there were no reported cases of starvation within that period. According to Rooth and Taylor, the rate of unemployment rose by 27% subjecting most of the families to more hardships during that time (572). However, many people moved from their rural homes to search for better lifestyles in the urban centers. Among those who moved to the Canadian cities were young women. The major reason that made them to move to the cities was the hope to find some job there. They intended to utilize their wages to support their families during the depression era. Research has shown that the number of women who joined the labor force rose to 1.3 million representing one-quarter of the employed people in Canada during that period. The technological advancement played a pivotal role in enhancing the employment of young women during the Great Depression era. The mechanization of many industries led to the laying-off of many unskilled
To understand what stereotypes are it is useful to consider three principles that guide work on the social psychology of stereotyping. No perspective shares all principles to the same degree, rather different perspectives sample from each of the principles to greater or lesser degrees. Nevertheless, the three guiding principles we can identify are as follows: (a) stereotypes are aids to explanation, (b) stereotypes are energy-saving devices, and (c) stereotypes are shared group beliefs. The first of these implies that stereotypes should form so as to help the perceiver make sense of a situation, the second implies that stereotypes should form to reduce effort on the part of the perceiver, and the third implies that stereotypes should be formed in line with the accepted views or norms of social groups that the perceiver belongs to. Words have power. They have the power to hurt or soothe, to honor or insult, to inform or misinform. Words reflect and shape prevailing attitudes, attitudes that in turn shape social behavior. Words both mirror and influence the ways we treat people and the ways they view themselves. And words disparaging and disrespectful labels in particular–inflict emotional pain on those to whom they are applied. The words used by mass media to refer to mental illnesses and to the people who suffer from mental illnesses have such power, making it important to consider those words and the ways they are typically used and misused. In 1980 the Mental Health Association of Hawaii developed a resource guide specifically for writers and editors. Positively titled Building New Links of Understanding, the guide began with a description of the issues of concern stigma and media contributions to it and presented statistics about mental health problems in Hawaii. A second section juxtaposed common myths (for example, that people with mental illnesses are dangerous) with facts concerning those myths. Still another section provided specific suggestions as to how media might avoid stereotyping communications, including words and phrasing to avoid and other terms to substitute for offensive ones. It advised, for example, that writers avoid words like “psycho” or “maniac” and avoid emphasizing a person’s history of emotional disorder or psychiatric hospitalization if it was not essential to the situation being described. Still another educational strategy, one not yet as actively pursued as the ones already mentioned, is to try to reach future writers, editors, and producers through their traini
Henry Jenkins’ theory of convergence culture explains the changing relationships of media flow across different distribution platforms including, industries and audiences, which presents a back-and-forth power and control of media content. A convergence technological domain is the existence of other media platforms that perform similar tasks, including television, radio, smartphones, and the internet of things (Jenkins, 2006). Old media have been advanced, and the new media perform tasks in a broad context, ensuring consumers access the information efficiently. Participatory culture is characterized by low barriers to media production and enhanced media creation, sharing, and content consumption. The consumers of new media environments have developed into a more active audience that uses the available data to create amateur content originating from their personal social media experience or fan fiction. As more participatory contents emerge, consumers have gained control skills that enable them to decide when, how, and where to consume the available data and transform their content across multiple media platforms. Henry Jenkins’ argument is focused on media convergence which influences industrial, cultural, social, and technological shifts, allowing consumers of media information to recreate ideas in more creative ways for personal use. Companies push their content through various media platforms to make revenue and gain more audience, while consumers of the media content shift control and employ new ways to become active participants. Media producers and consumers now employ new rules to construct personal mythology. I agree with the author’s arguments of media convergence because I used New York Times publication about Mexico truck accidents to guide others on respecting road measures to avoid road crashes (Lopez, 2021). Therefore, Henry Jenkins’ theory of convergence is critical in the age of globalization, ensuring participants interact and produce more valuable media content.