ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The financial aid process is comprehensive and methodical. There is a certain complexity to understanding every aspect, but numerous resources exist to guide people through the application procedure. Community college students often disregard financial aid, believing they are ineligible due to income or the lack of attendance at a four-year institution. In reality, the process is practically the same for everyone accepted to receive a higher education, including community college students. Community college often has students of various ages and walks of life. It is important to apply in all situations because the information one provides in the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) can result in providing financial support for receiving your education. Analysis The FAFSA is a free online application that is managed by the federal government. It is the only means to receive federal and state-level financial aid. Financial aid includes scholarships, grants, and loans (usually at a lower rate than private loans and doesn’t need to be repaid until after receiving the education). FAFSA attempts to evaluate income, assets, and other external factors to determine how much a person can contribute to their studies. These numbers may be large sums of money that are confusing, but the formula is approximate. Usually, to receive financial aid colleges require at least 12 semester credit hours; however, smaller amounts of money may be offered for part-time students. Any received aid is not obligatory, so if the Stafford loans are offered, one is not required to accept. There are only benefits and no associated cost of applying (Sheehy, 2013). The first step to the application process is determining eligibility. Any U.S. citizen or resident with a high school (or equivalent) education can apply if they are working towards a degree from a certified educational institution. Other factors include not being convicted of drug-related charges and a lack of defaults on federal loans. Certain types of aid may have other requirements, but these are the general eligibility requisites (California Community Colleges, 2017). FAFSA can be filled out online or through a mail-in form. The form is meant to be simple, but it seeks to evaluate income, family size, associated costs, and assets. It is important to have a social security number (alien registration number if non-citizen), federal tax returns, financial records, and account balances on hand when filling out the form (Federal Student Aid, 2017). It is important to know all the deadlines for the FAFSA application to avoid lateness. Furthermore, each specific institution may require additional forms and deadlines which differ from federally established ones. The primary purpose of the FAFSA application is to gather information so it can determine the person’s financial need. This is done by taking the cost of attendance (COA) for the specific educational institution and subtracting the calculated estimat
Abstract Atoms are the building block of the world we live in. However, the understanding about the atoms that we have today has not been given to us just like that. It has been a fascinating journey of humanity in the quest for knowledge by applying his inquisitive mind and experimentation across a range of disciplines that have led to the present-day understanding of the atoms that we have today. Atoms are wonderful as we know them in themselves, in the aggregate forms like molecules, large crystals, and large structures around us. But this wonder crosses all the imaginative boundaries as we try to look within an atom. This paper presents the fascinating journey of humanity that has unraveled this wonderful entity known as atoms and its still more wonderful internal architecture. Introduction Today the understanding of atoms is so common that one may overlook the marvelous philosophy and scientific development that has led to the creation of the knowledge about atoms. It is thrilling to know-how from this apparent continuum world and matters the philosophers of ancient time could discern the quantum nature of matter and predict the existence of tiniest matter particle as atoms, without any experimentation to support their philosophy. A philosophy that was scientifically recognized and proved over twenty-four hundred years later. It is also not less interesting that from the macroscopic observations about chemical reactions in gases and the relationship between macroscopic variables like pressure, temperature and volume; scientists could deduce the existence of such tiny particles like atoms and molecules and provide a scientific basis for atoms – a particle that cannot be dissected. Though atoms were proved to have substructures and therefore could be dissected into constituent particles from a physics point of view; from the point of view of chemistry and chemical reactions, atoms continue to remain what they mean – something that cannot be cut. The architecture of the atom in itself can be termed the most marvelous structure and hides in itself the mystery of the Creation. The philosophical and experimental – theoretical journey to unravel the internal architecture of atoms has been probably the most interesting and exciting activity in modern science. It has had too many constructive and destructive implications for humanity. This paper attempts to traverse the journey of conception, theorization, discovery, and deciphering of atoms to create the present-day knowledge about atoms. At
Introduction Each person has a different set of requirements to his or her job. Among the most basic ones, such as regular salary payments and healthcare benefits, every employee has some specific expectations from the place of work. These anticipations usually differ depending on the person’s age. The present paper will outline the benefits valued by veterans (born between 1922 and 1945), boomers (born between 1946 and 1964), Xers (born between 1965 and 1980), and Yers (born between 1981 and 2000). It is argued that without the appropriate investigation of each generation’s needs and preferences, managers will not reach the relevant level of employee motivation and satisfaction. The description of benefits Veterans, whose views on life and work are the most traditional, represent the oldest group of the working population. These workers are known for their loyalty to employers and conformity to rules (Price, 2018). The most likely benefits for veterans include portable health plans and critical disease coverage. These options are a part of indirect financial compensation and cover the expenses not included in direct compensation (Mondy & Martocchio, 2016). Flexible benefits plans are available for all groups of employees, including veterans (Snell & Bohlander, 2013). For this generation, it is important to know that their benefits will remain the same after retirement. Some of the boomers’ needs, such as advantageous retirement options, are the same as veterans have. However, this generation is more focused on saving enough money for their retirement and healthcare assurance. Historically, baby boomers did not use to save much, and many of them lack the preparation for retirement (Castellano, 2014). Another important factor of motivation for this generation is the possibility to have a flexible working schedule since they frequently have to take care both of young children and aging parents (Castellano, 2014). Finally, boomers are becoming more and more healthcare conscious, which leads to the increased need for healthcare benefits (Mathis, Jackson, & Valentine, 2014). Thus, although boomers have some similar requirements as veterans do, these two workforce groups are quite different in their benefit expectations. Xers are younger than veterans and boomers, so their preferences and expectations are quite dissimilar. For this generation, flexibility is the most important aspect in relation to work (Castellano, 2014). If an Xer is dissatisfied with the schedule, it is highly likely that he or she will quit. Apart from this major requirement, Xers are also concerned about their life insurance and critical illness coverage. The youngest generation’s representatives, Yers, are best known for their love for freedom. Yers are difficult to manage and do not tend to stay with one company for a long time (Castellano, 2014). To make these individuals interested, such benefits as educational programs and child care might be useful (Mondy & Martocchio, 2016). Also, Yers may get interested in financial wellness tools that will help them to cover debts. This generation’s representatives are loyal to
Competition Miami is one of the leading tourists’ destinations in the United States. Its beautiful beaches attract not only the domestic tourists but also international travelers who come to the country for leisure. According to Reid and Bojanic (82), Miami is home to some of the world’s finest hotels and restaurants. This is a clear demonstration of the nature of competition that my business is going to face. The hospitality industry in this country has been expanding due to the increasing number of tourists coming to the region. Large multinationals such as the Hiltons and Sheratons are very dominant. Customers trust them because of their consistency in delivering quality services over the past several years. Penetrating this market with the current level of competition requires a special understanding of the market. The large multinationals are attractive to the rich clients who want unique experiences whenever they visit the beach. There are a number of other hotels which target other segments of the market. As Nykiel (41) says, a traveler can easily find a hotel of choice when visiting Miami in Florida, from a single star to five stars. Experiences that these firms have in the market also offer them a competitive edge over new firms that are getting into the market for the first time. Some of these hotels have been successfully operating in this region for over fifty years. They know the pattern of visitors throughout the year. They also understand their unique needs and how to meet these needs in the most superior ways. It is expected that these firms know how to respond to threats of new entrants and that is why they have remained successful. Market Share Predicted It is predicted that this hotel will increase its market share by 275% within the next one year. A number of factors exist that support why this prediction may be achieved within the stipulated timeframe. The first factor is the size of the firm. This is a small hotel that has a relatively small market share. It is, therefore, expected that any small increase in the number of clients will constitute a huge percentage increase in the market share. The second factor is the strategy that the firm will use in this highly competitive market. The management has identified a specific market niche that other firms have not capitalized on over the years. Based on the survey conducted, it was noted that some youths come to the beach not only to enjoy its beauty, but also engage in sporting activities such as the beach football and cycling. This hotel intends to capitalize on this group of tourists. The management of the hotel will partner with the relevant authorities within Miami to make these services available for the clients of this hotel. Attracting this market segment will be very important because of the referral effect. When they are offered the services that meet their expectations, they are always quick to refer their friends to this firm. This viral marketing strategy will help the firm attract more customers. Fi
Introduction Democracy is one of the topics, which have received tremendous coverage and audience throughout human history. This essay critically analyzes liberal democracy by focusing on two major schools of thought, which have been the epicenter of most discussions, surrounding this topic. Throughout this analysis, positive democracy will be the most preferred; it allows the involvement of citizens, empowers them, promotes values and allows rational thinking. Liberal democracy Liberal democracy is commonly referred to as constitutional democracy, since it supports equal representation of people, including those from minority groups. Under this form of leadership, elected representatives do not exercise power within their own limits, but are limited by the constitution (Chan 2002, p. 10). Under such limitation, they are required to uphold certain principles to protect different liberties and promote equality of all citizens before the country’s constitution. There are several liberties, which have to be further protected by these representatives, including but not limited to freedom of speech, private property, religion and the due process as stipulated by the constitution (Rosen & Wolff 1999). Importantly, societies, which observe liberal democracy, ensure that such liberties are guaranteed through well-established institutions (Constant 2010, p. 122). Most of these systems also discourage majoritarian rule, which aims at promoting the rights of majority without paying attention to minorities in the society. As observed in most liberal societies around the world, representatives of these democracies are usually elected through fair and free elections. Even though this is the dominant case, it is worth noting that there are federal republics and constitutional monarchies, which equally embrace liberal democracy (Berlin 1958, p. 124). In the understanding of the concept of liberty, it is equally important to underscore the fact that it promotes freedom within a society. Nevertheless, this ought not to be mistaken for one’s free will. The latter is independent of the ruling system while the former is pegged on societal governance. It follows that there are numerous ways in which politicians view the existence of liberty, which have resulted into an array of ways in which the relationship between a government and individuals can be understood, without undermining any group or individuals in the society (Carter 2012). Under liberal democracy, it suffices to mention that there exist positive and negative liberties, recognized by different countries around the world. Based on these two major classes of democracy, it has been found that most societies prefer positive liberty as compared to negative democracy (Heywood 2004, p. 253). The following segments of the essay focus on the understanding of the two types, existing differences, and supporting
Frida Kahlo is a female artist with great influence in Mexico and the world over. Kahlo left a huge following for her artistic work beside her image that is a major selling point. Through the use of material art, she was able to put across precise views on revolutionary issues. She is also credited with starting and practicing what she saw effective to underscore her believes. She was not born destined for fame, but a bus accident helped change the course of her life (Pankl 2). Her marriage to Rivera- a commissioned artiste in Mexico City played a significant role in introducing her to the world of art. The accident and the marriage to Rivera are termed as the two accidents that occurred in her life and resulted in complete changes. The question that arises is: Were it not for these accidents would she have been the icon she is today? Kahlo public image is all accurate. She changed her date of birth so that it could coincide with the Mexican revolution. The purpose of this action was to bring her closer to the revolution and identify her with it. She also depicted her father as a Jew to suit her communism ideals (Hardin 68). Moreover, her clothing was also fashioned to meet her ideological needs. “She took quite seriously her role as partner to Mexico’s most famous artist, communist, and revolutionary idealist” (Bakewell 45). This begs the question of whether she was doing it out of her own will or was it to please her husband? It is further noted that Rivera facilitated her strong connection with the culture of native Mexico and especially her work. Kahlo was also identified with modernity. She is even depicted in a family photo wearing gentleman’s clothes. This shows her constant exploration of gender and sexualities. Kahlo is a good example of a celebrity or national icon. She used her image during her wedding to bridge the divide between Mexico’s past colonial legacy and the traditional lifestyle encouraged by intellectuals. She did this by adorning a traditional dress and portraying herself as a Tehuana. Kahlo’s rise to icon status is partly due to the geographical and historical conditions. The way she portrayed feminism was not entirely based on the Mexican way but also a global scale. She helped paint the feminine gender as a subject rather than a submitting being. Kahlo also could cut across culture and gender boundaries. It is important to mention that although his father was German, the Mexicans of Kahlo cannot be disputed. She used her environment and surroundings to material culture (Pankl 12). Kahlo utilized the material culture perfectly well to bring impact not only in Mexico and the whole world. By not only viewing her as the producer of material culture, but her mixed geographical experiences are also brought to light. Her
Social media has become an integral part of the modern world, considering that many people opt to use these platforms to interact with others. Personally, I prefer to use Facebook as it is not flooded with spam and advertisement as much as Instagram, Tik Tok, or similar apps. I use Facebook to interact with my old friends, who I can no longer see because they moved to other cities or even countries, so this social platform seems a perfect option to interact with them from time to time. However, mainstream social media applications appear to have influenced today’s society since people are constantly exposed to hate, negative comments or publications, and fake influencers. To elaborate, impression management theory has become real since people try to become their better selves just to make a good impression on people they meet online. This fake image on social media can harm a person’s self-esteem as people may feel insecure compared to the influencers’ or supermodels’ content on social platforms. Goffman’s theory on social exchange is also apparent in the modern world, considering that people tend to quickly end relationships with people that seem to be of no benefit to them (Barbalet, 2020). Based on the aforementioned concepts, i
Nowadays, the rapid advancement of humanity requires businesses to look for appropriate ways to renovate their processes, products and services to stay competitive. The Japanese philosophy of continuous improvement, called “kaizen,” presents one of the ways to enhance efficiency and experience fewer costs. Practical experience shows that this approach revolutionises different industries, from automotive production to healthcare. As such, the application of the mentioned philosophy seems to be a viable idea when it comes to other industries as well. This paper aims to highlight the key concepts related to kaizen and other Japanese instruments, introducing them into the context of Etihad Airways to discuss the ways the company can use to improve continuously. Organisation Identification Etihad Airways is the national airline of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) that provides transportation for passengers and cargo around the world. The principal goal of this company is to create a 21st-century global airline with a new view of the concept of hospitality in the field of air transportation (“Building the future,” 2015). Etihad Airways provides its services to passengers from all over the world, operating flights in 61 destinations. The Crystal Cargo department of the company is responsible for cargo transportation flights to 42 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania. The services on board the aircraft include those service on board the aircraft, entertainment and medical assistance. The onboard services of Etihad Airways consist of two parts: flight conditions (for example, the convenience of seats) and the level of service for cabin crew. The services are offered for airline passengers while they wait for a flight at the airport, after the end of the flight and when they are considering the purchase of a ticket. The airline also takes care of passengers who are currently in flight. At many airports in Europe, Etihad Airways has opened exclusive bars with comfortable seats for passengers awaiting their flight. The bars open three hours before boarding, allowing airline customers to wait in comfort for their flight. Despite its variety of routes and millions of passengers, Etihad faces difficulties, and its revenues decline steadily. Dudley (2019) reports that the idea of buying troubled airlines and returning them to the market proved to be calamitous, negatively affecting passenger and cargo volumes. In comparison to 18.6 million passengers in 2017, the company carried 17.8 million passengers in 2018, and the numbers are likely to decrease further. In addition, the seat load also declined, and the total revenue fell by 2.3%, comprising $5.86 billion per year (Dudley, 2019). In this connection, it becomes evident that the company needs innovative management decisions to enhance its core operating performance. Among other approaches, the Japanese improvement methods suggest gradual change, a focus on quality, communication, employee motivation, and willingness to transform. Implementing Japanese
Introduction In definition, architecture is the science, profession or art of designing structures and buildings 1 . Epic and magnificent buildings such as churches and cathedrals have left many in awe and wondering how such structures came to be. Architecture has been in existence from the pre-historic era to post-modernism 2 . Religious architecture is one such art that has left its mark in history. Temples, churches as well as cathedrals were constructed as an expression of the relationship between man and God. The materials as well as the color of paintings used during construction represented the church’s reverence of God 3 . Houses and burial sites, on the other hand, represented a community’s culture as well as beliefs. From the Stone Age era through to the end of the Gothic era, the beliefs, rituals, as well as cultures of societies, drastically changed thus affecting the area of architecture as well as architectural designs 4 . Main Body The Stone Age era, which is also referred to as the Neolithic era, dates back as early as between 3000BC to 1800BC 5 . People had strong religious beliefs and had the belief that the world was run by different gods who needed to be pleased and revered 6 . In the course of the Stone Age era, religious architecture was born and some of it can still be seen up to the present day, an example being the famous Stonehenge 7 . The major material used in the construction of buildings in this era was gigantic stones known as Megaliths, which would weigh up to 4 tons 8 . Religious buildings were constructed for the sole purpose of holding meetings and religious practices as well as rituals. Since stone was the main material used in the religious architecture of the Stone Age era, transportation was a major challenge 9 . The mode of transport would include rivers, use of manpower by dragging or pulling the huge stones or in the case of winter seasons, sliding the building stones through the ice which made the job easier 10 . Building tools were not yet invented during the Stone Age era hence other stones, rocks, as well as flint and stone tools, were used instead 11 . Construction of the structures was in a way that there was a central ritual area surrounded by protective defenses as in the case of Stonehenge 12 . Most buildings were constructed on hilltops and close to rivers for easy transportation 13 . In general, Stone Age architecture was represented by rectangular shapes which had columns on all four sides for instance the Parthenon 14 . Timber beams were also used for the roofing, were not domed and were covered by tiles made from mud 15 . Decorations were mostl