ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The family is considered the basic unit of the society. It is where a person acquires his/her basic characteristics and habits. They say that the personality of an individual is very much affected by the family background. Once classical definition is that a family “is a social group characterized by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction; it includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, owned or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults” (Murdock, 1949). One important thing to note is that family starts with marriage – the marriage of two couples who are ideally in-love with each other and promises a lifetime of commitment. Marriages that last many years provide a context in which researchers can explore how the experience of relationships changes across time and how social norms surrounding relationships influence relationships. Research indicates that the success of long-term relationships is related both to intrinsic aspects of the relationship, such as liking one’s partner as a person (Bachand & Caron, 2001), and to factors that are extrinsic to the relationship, such as norms and values related to the sanctity of marriage (Laner, Lauer, & Kerr, 1990). There is also evidence that not all long-lasting marriages are happy or successful. For instance, Dickson (1995) found that some couples in long-lasting marriages experienced high levels of independence in their daily lives and reported high levels of dissatisfaction with their marriage. These couples remained married because they believed that social norms dictated that they should do so. Research that has compared younger and older couples in order to examine how life-stage influences relationships has revealed that older couples tend to be more formal in their interactions and more restrained in their expression of affection than younger couples (Sillars & Wilmot, 1989). Additionally, the conversations of older couples are typically marked by communal themes and by a more congenial interaction style (Sillars, Burggraf, Yost, & Zietlow, 1992). One way that we might better understand the experience of long-term marriages is by considering descriptions of past relationships. Harvey, Agostinelli, and Weber (1989) argue that accounts of past relationships help us see how individuals make sense of relationships; they found that explanations for why relationships failed were related to expectations individuals had for what was important in future relationships. Similarly, Surra and colleagues (Surra, Arizzi, & Amussen, 1988) argue that accounts of past relationships can provide insight into the knowledge structures that influence how people understand general classes of relationships (e.g., friendship versus dating), how partners understand a particular relationship, or how they see their role in a relationship. Thus, it seems clear that reflections about past relationships could provide insight into people’s expe
There is no use denying the fact that education is very important in the modern world and gives a person many various possibilities which could be used to improve his/her life and achieve some success (Vidyarthi para. 3). Graduates can devote their life to a great number of different things which could seem interesting to them. That is why there is a certain post-graduation plan which takes into account the desires of a specialist and outlines the sphere of his/her interests. I am not an exception. Having finished Glion, I have my vision of my career which is connected with the sphere of hospitality in Bali. With this in mind, some facts about Bali should be outlined and taken into account. First of all, it should be said that the economy of Indonesia is one of the fastest growing in the modern world (“Economy of Indonesia” para. 2). It is a rather promising country that could become a very powerful state in the future. Additionally, now it is one of the greatest tourist centers where tourists all over the world rest (Ghani, Mawardi, Van Garderen, and Weisenberger para. 6). That is why the hotel business is rather developed there and the blistering development of the state can be taken as the guaranty that all investments to its economy could be rather beneficial (Knight para. 6). Resting on these facts, it is possible to say that work in the sphere of the hotel business is a good choice as it will continue its development. Besides, it is possible to say that now my main goal is to run my family hotel business by implementing successful hospitality techniques which are explained to students at Glion. I intend to work with the hotel which is situated in Bali. I have a clear vision of things that should be done to improve its functioning and make it more beneficial. Understanding various management styles can help to choose the best one and use it while working with the chosen hotel. Additionally, it should be said that the success of the project will be taken as my great personal goal. Moreover, talking about the long term perspective, it is possible to admit that a significant increase in the efficiency and profitability of the given hotel could be expected. Having obtained some additional income from the hotel in Bali, it is possible to expand the business. Taking into account a great level of rivalry peculiar to this business (“Indonesia’s Tourism Industry and the Creative Economy” para. 7), some small towns of Indonesia could be chosen. There will be no other hotels there and, resting on the fact that tourists’ business will develop (Nurhayati para.5), it is possible to foresee that all rooms of these hotels will be booked. Thus,
Introduction FIJI Water is one of the leaders in the market of bottled water globally. The company experienced rapid growth during the 1990s-2000s due to a successful marketing strategy and increased interest in bottled water in a variety of markets (McMaster & Nowak, 2009). At the same time, the company is now facing several issues that require urgent measures to be undertaken. Thus, growing environmental concerns across the globe have led to extensive criticism from numerous environmental and conservational organizations and activists stressing that bottled water was a waste of natural resources as well as people’s money. FIJI Water responded to such accusations by implementing a project aimed at investigating the negative impact of the company’s operations as well as diminishing these effects. Admittedly, the company has to meet people’s expectations as in case it fails, FIJI Water may lose its favorable image and, eventually, make a loss as people will simply stop buying its products. The US-based company also has tensions with the Fijian government that has introduced an increased tax that is likely to lead to a decrease in profit. The company has to solve this issue as the inability to comply with local laws may result in the plant’s closure. At the same time, the overall corporate culture and the company’s contribution to the development of the community are rather effective. Critical Ethical Issues Individual Ethical Issues The difficulties mentioned above are hazardous for the performance and even survival of the company and are associated with ethical issues that can be found at different levels. First, certain individual ethical issues arise. McMaster and Nowak (2009) note that FIJI Waters launched a campaign aimed at tracing the level of the company’s sustainability. Thus, employees involved in this project may try to contribute to a positive image of a company and falsify research data, which is a common solution to an ethical dilemma in organizations (Baines & Fill, 2014). Executives may also try to bribe some Fijian lawmakers to solve the tax issue. Organizational Ethical Issues As far as the organizational level is concerned, FIJI Water may get involved in unethical conduct. It may distort data of research on its operations to prove its focus on sustainable practice. McFarlin and Sweeney (2014) note that falsification of data (especially data on economic performance) is still a global ethical issue. It is also noteworthy that FIJI Water may focus on its corporate benefits and take advantage of local people decreasing investment into communities to respond to possible losses associated with new taxation. The company declares its responsible attitude towards locals but this information should be monitored continually. Ethical Issues for Society Apart from this, ethical issues for society also arise. Hence, societies, where people buy the company’s prod
Humankind utilizes modern technological advancements every day throughout their lifetime. Multiple studies have proven that the people who can use computers and other means of telecommunication can have either mundane purposes or alarming ones. For this reason, the government created a program to investigate the data of all people online. The intelligence Community primarily scrutinizes people with hazardous inclinations, such as possible murderers, kidnappers, drug dealers, and terrorists. A pursuit for unstable personalities among regular citizens made IC create a unique professional code of ethics to differentiate between hunting for dangerous people and invasions of privacy. The Principles of Professional Ethics for the Intelligence Community is a collection of rules that assists people working in the intelligence sphere to guide their ethics. These regulations serve the purpose of reflecting on the core values of the Intelligence Community and making one’s decisions based on these principles (Greenwald, 2013). First of all, the core principles are – to stay within the law but pursue the mission and fight for the truth by keeping integrity and stewardship (Bailey, 2016). The director of National Intelligence created these Principles in 2014, yet they remain fundamental in the IC field. These preeminent regulations function as a notice of the tremendous accountability IC are committed to in their workplace (Bailey, 2016). For example, IC employees have no right to catenate ordinary people; instead, they pursue unstable people, who engage in dicey activities. According to the statistics, there were at least 300 terrorists caught on account of IC employees (Bailey, 2016). However, there are a significant number of people who believe in conspiracy theories. They speculate that the government only under the guise of terrorism wants to monitor and control civilians. The work of the Intelligence Community has been surrounded by conspiracies and ethical dilemmas from the beginning. A Code of Ethics among Intelligence Community is a guide of principles, which directs these employees in their uneasy tasks. Firstly, some people believe that IC only uses torture, blackmail, electronic espionage, and covert operations in their methods (Greenwald, 2013). However, their work promotes acceptable behavior, provides intelligence objectivity, defends and supports the Constitution, is mindful of one’s actions, etcetera. Their Code of Ethics, however, does not address the full spectrum of issues IC has to face daily (Greenwald, 2013). Intelligence employees might face biased reports, misuse of highly classified information (for example, some employees can leak unnecessary data for their benefit), which is a conceptual issue one must avoid. Moreover, the profession’s ethical dilemmas include the inability of IC to recommend policies, which means that intelligence officers might figurate as a separate party in their client’s confidences. A close relationship between
Same sex marriage is a moral issue that has raised controversies in many parts of the world. It is popularity referred to as homosexuality. Homosexuality is a condition in which an individual is sexually attracted to members of his or her gender. In a number of countries, same sex marriage has been legalized while some countries are still opposed to the issue. Homosexuality is perceived as a sexual orientation characterized by romantic or sexual desire towards members of own sex. A gay is a male homosexual while a lesbian is a female homosexual. Scholars of sociology observe that a number of factors cause homosexuality (Gary 21). A study conducted in the US in 1940 concluded that individuals decide to engage in sexual behaviors with members of their own sex because of social and psychological factors. For instance, the early experiences of homosexuality might predispose an individual to homosexual behaviors. Research shows that children who are abused sexuality have high chances of becoming homosexuals. Moreover, poor relationships with parents might force children to engage in homosexuality. Some homosexuals claim that they were born that way meaning that their sexual behavior is influenced by genetics. Some individuals are influenced by friends to become homosexuals while others become homosexuals due to unusual sexual experiences in children, such as excessive masturbation, exposure to pornography, personalized sex, group sex, and bitter experiences in relationships. Cultural factors can as well influence an individual to become a homosexual. Presence of homosexuals in the family can influence young members to follow the same way. In most Asian countries that subscribe to Confucianism, homosexuality is tolerated. Even though homosexuality is considered abnormal in most countries, some countries have legalized same sex marriage. Countries that condemn homosexuality do not crack down on homosexuals, but they have tough laws that prohibit same sex marriage. In some countries such as Uganda and Zimbabwe, homosexuals are perceived as people with low self-esteem and are ranked lower than dogs and pets. Same sex marriage is prepared because heterosexuality is believed to be oppressive to women. Feminist scholars observe that men are always unfair to them in heterosexual relationships. From a human rights perspective, crusaders of homosexuality note that same sex marriage is an individual freedom. Denying individuals to marry partners of their choice amount to discrimination and injustice. In this regard, human rights movements have been pressurizing states to allow homosexuality and same sex marriages (Layte 78). In fact, the UK and the US slapped economic sanctions to countries that will discriminate homosexuals. In the modern society, homosexuals are treated in the same way as other minorities. Since an individual has the right to privacy, same sex marriage should be allowed because grownups should be allowed to practice things that satisfy them. As
Literature review Employees are among the fundamental stakeholders in almost all organisations and their wellbeing is normally paramount if an organisation wants to succeed in the vibrant business world. As the commerce world and its management grow towards a more complicated business and organisational environment, which has been a challenge to thrive through, a continuum of challenges is gradually becoming eminent. Hence, keeping employees on board is essential for corporate growth (McCooey, 173). Organisational management together with its competence and its strategies towards managing human capital coupled with how it maintains the paramount rapport amongst workforces has been forming numerous global businesses controversies (Zingheim, Schuster, and Dertien 3). A culminating number of researches like studies by Elton and Gostick (56-98), Gordon (84-112), and Kaye (106-139) have actively engaged on common approaches that organisations employ to recruit, retain, and retrench their employees with substantial evidence indicating that these factors have been invariable core controversies in numerous organisations. The willingness of an employee to remain loyal and dedicated to his or her organisation depends on reasonably several factors and most of them have always remained underrated and miscalculated by organisations and governments. On global synopsis, surveys and studies conducted within developed nations, especially the United States of America have indicated that despite the audacious unemployment rates that are constantly becoming pandemonium to economic growth, there is considerably an acute talent shortage in these countries. The U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS) “reports an increasing trend in voluntary terminations, and the rate of unemployment for people with college degrees is about half of the national unemployment rate and is decreasing” (Scott, Mullen, and Royal 2). From this statement, one would then understand that retention of critical talents especially the skilled and experienced employees who are active performers is paramount during economic recoveries particularly in the recent decades where aggressive market competition is eminent. As stated by Scott, Mullen, and Royal, key talent normally contributes to current and future organisational performance since they become reliable movers of firm success (2). A continuum of studies demonstrating a positive correlation between employee reward strategies and employee Retention is growing exponentially. Employee retention and its status in ME Any organisation determined towards achieving its mission, vision, and objectives or even gaining a compe
Introduction To begin with, it will be necessary to point out that the expansion of the presence of any company in some particular country generally requires standard actions and strategies. Originally, the presence of the company on Kava island is complicated not only with the remoteness of this country from the USA but also with such factors as the uniqueness of the population (ethnic and language diversity), natural disasters which are common for the tropical regions. Solutions First of all, it would be necessary to study the market of Kava. Various factors, which promote or complicate the development of business, should be properly studied. Thus, the PESTO matrix will be the most helpful (Political, Economic, Social, Technical, and Organizational). From this point of view, it should be stated, that social and economic factors would be helpful in working out the advertising strategy, while political and technical are aimed to study the ground for further business development. The next step is the elaboration of all the required strategies, basing on the findings of PESTO. HR management strategy, financial management, customer care management strategies should be elaborated. The next step is the implementation of the elaborated strategies. Structural modifications will be required if some troubles occur. Originally, if the structure is properly adjusted, their changes will not be required; nevertheless, a structural chart may be elaborated beforehand, taking into account the experience of similar companies and actions, taken for overcoming any problems. Factors Affecting Decision Implementation As for the factors which affect the decision implementation in any company, it is necessary to mention that they differ from company to company, and, there is no universal set of factors and the ways of overcoming some obstacles, arising in this process. In general, it is often stated that the factors, which affect the allover performance process in any company, are the following:   * Dissatisfaction with the status quo   * Knowledge and skills   * Resources   * Rewards and incentives   * Leadership   * Time   * Participation (Beach, 2006) Still, any company on the Kava Island is also subjected to   * Climate conditions   * Natural disasters   * Mentality and ethnic particularities of the population From this point of view it is necessary to emphasize that Greer (2004) in his research states the following: “ before providing and implementing any decision, the management strategies generally require essential planning and direction for all the aspects of a problem were properly covered. Other than that care must be taken that the respective departments implementing the decision have all the resources. It is also significant that the management team knows exactly what the general objective and purpose of making
Introduction Menstruation, to begin with, refers to the periodic shading of the uterine wall that is marked by vaginal discharge. The beginning of menstruation periods in girls initiates them into adulthood. Historical perspectives and attitudes about menstruation revolve around certain aspects of this physiological phenomenon. These aspects concern behavior changes, physical discomforts, and a range of other negative effects that have been attached to menstruation. Various cultures have perspectives and even stereotypes or social expectations on what the normal menstruation cycle entails. Many women have a negative attitude towards menstruation because of the associated changes as the cycle begins and ends. Main body In the entire history of mankind, menstrual bleeding has been viewed as a supernatural phenomenon by women across the world in different cultures. Basing on the assumption that menstrual flow is associated with some life principles then there has been a belief that women undergoing menstruation may have serious consequences which can be beneficial or even evil. Most of the special powers attached to this phenomenon however were not Godly. In some cultures like those of western countries, people associated women who were going through menstruation to be periodically dangerous. This followed then that certain restrictions had to be imposed on them. They were therefore restricted from interacting with their husbands, children, other close relatives, or the community until the period was over. In the 19th century, various physicians came up with the opinion that menstruation was a pre-biblical occurrence and had no purpose whatsoever as it was just like any other pathological experience. In the 19th century and at the onset of the 20th-century historical believes were still evident that menstruating women were capable of malign influence. Harmful effects of women going through menstruation as postulated include causing bacon to putrefy. The belief that menstrual blood has potential danger continued to have prevalence until late 1944. In various articles data has been cited that is of confirmation the existence of toxicity in menstrual blood. This has been said to have the effect of contamination on the penis if sexual intercourse event takes place during the menstruation period. Since 1945 there have been no further confirmations on the presence of such toxic materials in menstrual blood. Meanwhile, the use of contraceptives has been noted to influence menstruation. Continuous use of oral contraceptives has been believed to result in irregular flows and prolonged periods in women. Cases have been reported of amenorrhea especially with the use of injectable steroids like those containing the estrogen-progesterone hormone. Over time cultural variables have continued to exert influence on menstrual patterns in women. The way women feel about menstruation is determined by their culture and practices. Several cultures celebrate the transition of girls into womanhood. In orthodox cultures bleeding and the associated materials are considered to be unclean. Initiation int