ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Today, in the era of high technologies, English language skills are an important component of everyone’s competence. Text messages and documents are essential to effective communication, and literacy is a significant part of the modern person’s image. To improve my English language skills, I will need to watch movies and read books in English and allot enough time for writing and speaking practice. Watching movies in the original might help me enrich my vocabulary and improve my listening comprehension. Furthermore, this solution would allow me to combine study and pleasure and improve my motivation. I can watch my favorite movies for hours. If I start with the movies which I have already watched, I will not have difficulties with understanding what the characters say. By the way, I would be able to find some differences between the English version and the translation. However, the next step would be to start watching new movies. By the way, I will be able to watch the recently released movies, which have not been translated into other languages yet. Even if I have pro
Description of the RFP Process In the context of healthcare facility management, issues are unavoidable due to increasing quality standards and the necessity to promote growth despite budgetary constraints and other factors that may hamper progress. Therefore, it is essential to search for new ways of introducing positive alterations to the design and functioning of a particular facility. Moreover, the location of the factors that hinder the promotion of change and create the platform for conflicts is essential. However, pinpointing the root cause of a problem is often difficult due to the large array of factors that shape the contemporary healthcare environment and may contribute to the problem development. For this reason, the Request for a Proposal (RPF) exists. The specified tool helps determine whether the concern defined as the core problem is real and manageable, as well as evaluate the legitimacy of the claims regarding its root causes and management tools. Thus, the available resources for handling a specific conflict situation can be allocated efficiently, whereas the waste levels can be reduced to their logical minimum. An RFP provides the chain of arguments that will allow the decision-making party, be it a research department within the target company, its leader, or any other agent responsible for handling the specified dilemmas, to select the most beneficial option. As a result, the opportunity for improving the existing design of an organization and enhance the quality of its services will be provided. In an RFP, a supplier lists the essential elements of the statement that will allow them to deliver the suggested information by the set deadline (Cooper & Schindler, 2013). Thus, the time frame of research is set, and the significance, legitimacy, and urgency of the proposed alterations are proven. In addition, when considering the nature of an RFP, one must mention the development opportunities that it sets for an organization. By exploring the present problems and discovering the management techniques that will help address them respectively, one will be able to outline the elements of the framework that an organization will use in the future to handle the issues associated with conflict management in the workplace. In addition, the overview of the current factors that drive the development of the conflict can be identified so that future tendencies regarding the development of the workplace confrontation and its management could be identified. While it would be wrong to expect that every workplace conflict will repeat itself and require the same management strategy, general characteristics of the specified workplace will be identified, and the company-specific factors that affect the emergence
Abstract The paper highlighted the significance of the big data due to its ability to enhance the strategy and create a distinct competitive advantage for the company. Nonetheless, the primary difficulty is the skill to classify and select only relevant sectors of information. In turn, the accessibility of the Internet, extreme usage of the social media, and availability of the Internet on different devices change the trends in business. These modifications affect the flow of business processes and revolutionize the perception towards marketing. The integrative, traditional, and intelligence methods are used to gather the information in the context of marketing and finances. In turn, the intelligence gathering could be considered as the most beneficial and innovative approach due to the rapidness, clarity of information, and the ability to control and modify the variables of search. The Internet is useful for the formation of the marketing trends due to the formulation of big data with the social networks, information transparency, and the creation of the user personas. In turn, the companies tend to respond to the variety of knowledge by utilizing innovative instruments such as cloud-computing technology, predictive analytics, and increased intensity of online security. Main Technology has a tendency to define the flow of the business processes while enhancing the availability of information. Big data’s relevance cannot be underestimated, as the organizations have to deal with high volumes of information daily to comply with the existing trends in the world. In this instance, big data can be utilized as a strategical instrument to maintain the company’s competitiveness on the high level (Rijmenam, 2014). Firstly, the big data provides an extensive range of opportunities for the business owners while offering the insight information about the particular areas of operation (Surdak, 2014). It is evident that the perceptions suggest the hints about the creation and development of the distinct competitive advantage to be noticeable among the competitors. Nonetheless, the primary difficulty is the capability to classify the sources of information correctly while paying attention only to the matters, which can affect the business substantially. In turn, the cultural changes in technology, which revolutionize business today, currently influence the operations of various organizational entities. Nowadays, the main technological and cultural changes, which are related to the behavior of the user, can be formulated as the access to the Internet, activity in the social networks, and utilization of various devices to exchange information. All of these matters define the presence of the large volumes of data in free access. In turn, the integration of the Internet with the marketing activities contributes to the necessity to deliver information to the dissimilar consumer groups, and it has a high influence on the
Consumer behavior has changed significantly in the past years. Given the technology revolution that has been experienced in the past decades, consumer behavior has changed drastically. People have replaced their daily newspapers with customized online editions of these media and are increasingly getting information from online sources. People don’t have to carry around laptops or desktops to do their routine work but rather carry smartphones, which prove to be more efficient, stylish, and convenient. The iPhone is a perfect example of technology, making its mark on consumer behavior. Consumer behavior is defined as the behavior that individuals exhibit in looking for; buying, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they think satisfy their wants. Consumer behavior centers on how consumers make decisions to expend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related goods. This includes what they purchase, why they purchase it, when they purchase it, where they purchase it, how frequently they purchase it, how they assess it after the purchase, the effects of such assessments on potential purchases and how they dispose of it off. Just like in any other organization, consumer behavior in Apple is rooted in its marketing concept. Its marketing concept is oriented through several alternative approaches towards doing business, and they are referred to as the production concept, the product concept, and the selling concept (Solomon, 2004). Apple’s production concept assumes that its customers are typically interested in product availability at low prices, and its inherent marketing goals are inexpensive and have well-organized production as well as intensive distribution. Apple’s product concept assumes that its customers will purchase the iPhone since it offers them quality performance and feature-filled services. A product orientation leads Apple to always endeavor to advance the quality of the iPhone and to add new features that are in principle viable without first finding out whether or not customers want these features. Apple’s former boss, Steve Jobs, argued that consumers don’t know what they want; just give them a product and they will realize its worth. This belief somehow worked for the iPhone since nobody could foretell of such a product. The selling concept is a natural development from both the production concept and the product concept. Apple’s main objective is selling the iPhone, and it assumes that its customers are not likely to purchase an iPhone unless they are aggressively convinced to do so – generally through the ‘hard sell’ strategy. Consumer behavior is grouped into four types, and these are: routine response, limited decision making, extensive decision-making, and lastly impulse buying. Routine purchases are less costly, and they are made without much decision making due to the
Aeromedical operations involve provision of intra-theater and inter-theater intervention of injured and sick personnel as they undergo medical check-up while being transported to a medical care center. In respect to military, it can be described as “the movement of patients under medical supervision to and between Military Treatment Facilities by military or military chartered air transportation” (Wayne 12). This paper is a detailed report of what aeromedical entails. Aeromedical is a sensitive operation that requires specially trained crew members, special medical equipment designed for aeromedical aircrafts, and “special air traffic control considerations to comply with patient driven altitude and pressurization restrictions” (Wayne 23). Aeromedical is essentially entitled to support humanitarian efforts by offering transport for medical check-up (hence improving their chances of recovering); however, it is predominantly used by armed troupes to transport those in need of advanced medical check-up. The medical fraternity began contemplating on the benefits of transporting their patients by air as early as 1784. It was however not until 1917, that the first air ambulance belonging to a French Dorand AR II took to the skies. The aeromedical industry expanded dramatically over the following few decades. Most of the developments took place in Europe and the USA. The increase in aeromedical transport particularly recorded an exponential increase during World War II conflict. The table below shows the effectiveness of aeromedical in the Korean and Vietnam wars in 1950s and 1960s, when a helicopter was first used as medical evacuation vehicle (Wayne 23). Table 1: Effectiveness of aeromedical transport Conflict                   Time to care(hours)  Mortality % World War 1                12-18                8.8         World War II               6-12                 5.8         Korea (with Helicopter)    2-4                  2.4         Vietnam (with Helicopter)  1-1.4                1.7          Although largely developed by the military, aeromedical industry has of late been embraced by the civilian pre-hospital set-up. “Worldwide, the practice of aeromedical transport, whether for the purpose of pre-hospital casualty response or inter-facility transfer, has been recognized as a vital component in th
Definitions of Terms Subtropical highs This is a significant belt or region of high pressure that lies around the latitudes 30 o N and 30 o S in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres respectively. The regions are usually characterized by calm winds, fog at night and haze during the day. The figure below shows subtropical highs as show in the southern and Northern hemispheres respectively. Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) This region encircles earth near its equator and acts as the meeting point for winds from Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is characterized by violent thunderstorms and stagnant calms; in addition, it brings conventional precipitation. In essence, the region possesses an erratic weather pattern. It lies approximately within 5 o N and 5 o S. The figure above shows ITCZ. Monsoon The term monsoon refers to a seasonally reversing wind whose presence is usually characterized with a change in precipitation. It is also utilized in describing seasonal atmospheric circulation. Moreover, it is also utilized to describe precipitation associated with regions that receive asymmetric heating of both sea and land. A vivid example is Indian climate, among others. The figures below show both the summer and winter monsoon winds. Jet stream This refers to narrow currents that are fast flowing, and usually found in the atmosphere of some planets, for instance the earth. For instance, in the Earth, jet streams are usually located in or close to the tropopause and stratosphere, where temperatures decrease with altitude and increase with altitude respectively. These are usually found in the upper part of the atmosphere. The figure below shows an illustration of Jet Stream. Hadley cells This is a circulation pattern in the tropical atmosphere that was named after George Hadley. The pattern is commonly found in the tropical region and shows rising motion close to the equator. It also conveys a 10-15km above the surface flow pole-wardsand depicts descending motion in the subtropics. In addition, it conveys equator ward flow near the surface. The figure below shows the Hadley Cell. Polar front This is the zone of transition that exists between the Ferrell and Polar Cells respectively, in each of the hemispheres. Sharp gradient is commonly associated with this zone between the two air masses as they occur in completely different temperatures. The figure below illustrates a polar front Orographic lifting This term may refer to upslope flow, forced land lifting as well as topographic uplift. It happens in situations where an air mass is lifted from a lower level as it clears on a rising terrain. In essence, what happens is the adiabatic cooling of air mass as it gains altitude. This has the effect of raising its relative humidity
Introduction Designing research that would accurately evaluate employee performance is a challenging task since the concept is not always associated with particular numbers which can be measured. Different data collection and analysis methods are utilized for receiving meaningful results and implications. The research conducted by Budiningsih, Dinarjo, and Ashari focuses on this topic in their article “Improvement of Employees’ Performance through Training Intervention in Digital Era.” The work has been published in the European Research Studies Journal (volume XX, issue 4B, pages 637-654) in 2017. The purpose matches the problem statement in the article and focuses on determining how much professional training affects employee performance and whether it is still effective nowadays. Budiningsih et al. have used books on human resource management and journal articles as sources for the literature review. The Tax Court Secretariat in the Indonesian Ministry of Finance was taken as an organization for the research. One hundred of its employees were chosen using quota sampling for completing a survey, which was designed as a non-instrument test. The results were measured with the help of descriptive and inferential analysis. The authors have concluded that training accounted for 45 percent of performance improvement, while other 55 percent were due to other factors (Budiningsih et al. 637). Moreover, the competencies acquired in the process of training could disappear if not applied. Literature Review Budiningsih et al. aimed to cover performance and training as the two main concepts in their literature review. Books on human resource management and corresponding journal articles were the basis for their source choice. Moreover, half of the latter had been printed in the European Research Studies Journal. Authors did not aim to include the latest findings, as the publication years of the chosen sources ranged from 1998 to 2017. The first part of the literature review provides the definition and description of employee performance. There are factors like work quality and quantity, responsibility, coo
Introduction Evidence suggests that brain memories are not whole; rather, pieces of information stored in different areas of the brain are combined to create memories (Matlin, 2012). This explains why recalled information is not entirely accurate. Encoding, storage and recall of skills and facts (semantic memory) or experiences (episodic memory) involve different parts of the brain. This implies that there is a close relationship between memory processes and brain functioning. Working and Long-term Memories Over the years, there has been an intense debate on whether working and long-term memories are related. While there are many similarities between the long-term memory (LTM) and working memory (WM), distinct differences also exist between the two. One difference is that the functioning of LTM does not require the activation of WM. A study by Morgan et al. (2008) revealed that many qualities of LTM such as procedural memory and motor skills do not depend on the working memory. However, episodic memories, which rely on past experiences, may at some point involve the activation of the working memory (Morgan et al. , 2008). Long-term memory has two distinguishing properties; (1) it has no capacity limits and (2) it lacks temporal decay associated with short-term memory (Morgan et al. , 2008). In contrast, WM encompasses tasks of short-term memory that demand more attention, but are not directly associated with cognitive aptitudes. It is a combination of different memories working together, including some components of the long-term memory, to organize information in the working memory into fewer units in order to reduce the working memory load. Both WM and LTM are affected by the level of semantic processing or encoding in the brain. LTM is known to be affected by the qualitative depth of initial memory encoding (Matlin, 2012). For example, it has been established that encoding during semantic processing results in improved long-term memory of episodic items compared to recall of visual or phonological items (Morgan et al. 2008). Similarly, since the performance of WM depends on the level of processing at the encoding stage, sem
Abstract Community communication is the practice of sharing information amongst individual of a given society. Communication has always been hailed as one of the key unifiers of members of particular communities. The easier it is for individuals to share what is in their minds, the easier it is for them to relate with one another. Communication as a social aspect is multi faceted in the sense that it comprises various different aspects working both independently and in conjunction with other components to maintain a harmonious understanding between parties. In most societies around the world business is regarded as the mainstay. All activities within a given community generally tend to be under the influence of economic activities both directly and indirectly. This essay seeks to illustrate the importance of communication particularly in fostering social interaction. To this end, the Maasai community from east Africa has been selected to provide the focus of the study. Introduction/principles of communication The Maasai is one of the tribes from Africa that has strived to maintain culture in its original form by trying to stay away from modernization to a great extent. As a result, most of their practices are viewed as wayward and unpolished by the other tribes of the region which have long abandoned traditional lifestyles and wholly embraced westernized ways of living. The Maasai are primarily
What is Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE)? The presence and application of geographical digital information and decision-making approaches have enhanced the growth of geographic analyses, which can help in decision-making and land use planning. MCE analysis aids in the implementation of decision-making strategies in order to determine and allow the combination of criteria in the process. MCE is an effective method of structuring and facilitating difficult decision-making processes, particularly decisions, which involve environmental issues (López-Marrero et al., n.d). It has formal deliberative approaches, which can help in facilitating consensus in complex situations. In this case, participants involve more than one person. Usually, decision-makers combine several approaches in MCE to aid planners in deciding on city sustainable developments. Thus, they must consider the most viable options for various amenities required in a city. Advantages of MCE in decision-making The major advantages of the MCE are the combined force of deliberation on options and stakeholders’ interaction, which provide effective structures and integration for making decisions on complex issues. Decision-makers must identify several sets of options for deliberation and suitable decision criteria. They must then evaluate all options based on priorities and note any disparities. Fundamental outcomes in MCE are the discovery of some critical elements of options, which need thorough evaluation in order to achieve the desired results. This is a way of providing alternative values to decision-makers. Decision-makers rely on the preferred options through collaboration. Outcomes may help in facilitating rational decisions with regard to choosing the best options, evaluating multiple choices for the best ones, arranging tasks and options in order of priorities, and effective allocation of resources to projects. Weighing methods of MCE Pair-wise comparison This technique of decision-making is applicable where there are multiple choices to prioritize. It helps decision-makers to narrow their options based on identified criteria. Advantages & Disadvantages Pair-wise comparison It is simple to implement in a group discussion. It also facilitates the making of decisions and recommendations. The pair-wise comparison allows decision-makers to be informal and provide their experiences and skills. Conversely, the pair-wise comparison may fail to provide details as required in MCE. In some cases, different participants may use different criteria in decision-making processes without making the disclosure. Process of Pair-wise comparison Begin the analysis process with needs, interventions, or previously identified possible solutions Identify all possible solutions Identify fundamental criteria for decision-making purposes like resources, preferred outcomes, and others Note down all agreed-upon crite