Unethical labor practices   * The manner in which Wal-Mart handles its employees constitutes unethical labor practices because it provides precarious work, low wages, poor working conditions, unreliable work, limited social protection, and without unionization.   * As an international supply chain, Wal-Mart has over 2.1 million employees globally and generates over $400 billion of revenue annually. Most of the employees, who are predominantly female workers, work in export processing zones and retail stores of Wal-Mart in South Asia, Central America, China, and other regions as cashiers, sales clerks, and storekeepers.   * These employees endure unethical labor practices because Wal-Mart does not comply with the labor legislation, rules, and policies as expected.   * For instance, the management of Wal-Mart holds that they have to obtain cheap labor from the employees so that it can afford to offer cheap products to customers (Lichtenstein 15).   * Given that labor comprises 65% of controllable overheads, Wal-Mart focuses on reducing these costs by paying workers poorly and suppressing their dues. “When Wal-Mart or one of the other big firms wants to reduce the size of its workforce, the company avoids a formal layoff and the unemployment compensation costs that come with it. Instead, it just slows its hiring for while and waits for normal turnover to reduce the labor force. Or the big retailers slash hours, which immediately reduces their labor cost and soon generates a wave of pseudo-voluntary goodbyes” (Lichtenstein 19).   * Owing to unethical labor practices, the turnover rates of managers, assistant managers, sales workers, and part-time sales workers are 30%, 60%, 120%, and 240% respectively. Contemporary Example   * The case of exploitation of workers came to fore in 2010 when 18 employees of Foxconn attempted to commit suicide owing to the frustrations emanating from unethical labor practice (Chan 28). Chan and Pun add that, “a startling 13 young workers attempted or committed suicide at the two Foxconn production facilities in southern China (1). Foxconn is a notorious manufacturer and supply chain in China that deals with the manufacture and supply of electronic products.   * The unethical labor practices revolved around managerial practices, labor process, and work organization in Foxconn.   * In the aspect of managerial practices comprised aristocracy, authoritarian, and high-handiness, hence, compelling migrant Chinese workers to submit to their managers without questioning their exploitative orders.   * The labor process was so demanding for the Chinese employees worked continuously so that they can meet hourly production targets without having any time to rest and socialize (Chamberlain par. 5).   * According to a suicide survivor, who was an employee of Foxconn, a normal day routine comprises 12 hours together with overtime that the managers impose illegally (Chan 36).   * Foxconn organized work into simple tasks that employees can complete within the shortest time possible, for instance, sticking a label on a product within two seconds. Such demanding and daunting tasks pressured and predisposed employees to occupational stress; hence, makin