ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The film called “The Truman Show” directed by Peter Weir and released in 1998 is a beautiful work presenting the description of a reality show. In the nineties, the genre of reality shows started to gain popularity very quickly. The producers predicted that reality television is going to have global success. This genre was relatively new to the audience of 1998; this is why the film “The Truman Show” appeared, it reflected the common fascination towards the reality television in the society of that time. The film highlights all the standard features of the reality show including the advertisements. The placement of various products in movies and TV shows is a highly effective technique of advertising. “The Truman Show” demonstrates the obvious and hidden advertisements in the reality show. Both types of advertisements are used to create a certain product image for the audience, who are also potential consumers. Advertisement breaks on TV are often skipped by the viewers, while when the advertisement is placed right in the middle of the film it becomes impossible to skip. Besides, the audience of Hollywood movies and shows is known always to be huge; this provides a guarantee that millions of people all over the world are going to see the advertisement for the product. The list of products advertised in “The Truman Show” is quite long. The techniques of attraction the potential buyers in these advertisements are various. For example, different goods get promoted by the characters, to which the potential buyers of these goods would relate to the most. “The Chef’s Pal”, “Mococoa” and “Macaroni” are presented by Meryl Burbank, a typical wife, the beer is advertised by Marlon, a typical “good friend”, a collective image of an average beer lover, the magazine called “Dog Fancy” is mentioned by a lady holding a dog. All of the products are advertised in the responding surroundings so that each time the product is placed into the movie scene it looks like a fully developed standard advertisement on TV. When in the movie Christoff says that “we accept the reality of the world with which we are presented”, this means that unconsciously every one of us would love to live in the world with the ideal reality that is depicted in the popular shows (The Truman Show, 1998). All of the fake realities presented on TV possess some mesmerizing kind of charm for the audience. The viewers want to be like the characters of the shows, wear clothes of similar style, have the same haircuts, drink the same beverages, and eat the same food. This is why product placement is so effective in films and shows. Humans tend to have a strong desire to escape the reality they do not like, and almost no one is fully satisfied with the world they live in. People try to alter their reality to make it more like the world they observe on TV, forgetting that the TV world is fake and artificially created by the producers, that this world is designed to cause even bigger escapist desire in the minds of th
Essays are a means by which many people have expressed their ideas on a host of issues. It is a means also that affords criticisms for leaderships and governments without necessarily engaging in unlawful acts. It is a means of communication that has been in existence ever since man had evolved to the capacity that he would communicate via writing (Greetham 67). This paper considers different issues that are presented in two essays by different authors as a critique and a study of the central themes in them. For this paper, the essays that will be considered have been written by Russell Sanders and the other one has been written by Keeshig-Tobias where the humanistic perspective of manhood and womanhood and the relationships between and among them will be of interest in explaining how these genders interact as discussed by these authors in their respective essays. The essence of manhood is treated differently by Russell Sanders and Lenore Keeshig-Tobias in their essays dubbed The Men we Carry in Our Minds and He was a Boxer respectively. The two writers examine the role of a man in different contexts. These include male to female relationships in a family perspective, the power dynamics between men and women in different social settings, societal expectations of a man and the challenges of living up to those expectations. The role of man’s physical strength is contextually treated differently by Russell Sanders and Lenore Keeshig-Tobias. In Russell’s world, the man’s physical strength is used to advance the family’s economic security. However it is at the cost of his own physical health and emotional wellbeing. He works long hours exposed to elements of weather by having to carry heavy loads and stand for long hours often sustaining physical injuries. In the evenings and weekends he toils on his land and mends broken roofs (Kay et al. 34). On the other hand, the women work at their own pace in a better environment. They cultivate their social lives around the different errands they have to run. Russell perceives the work dynamics to be in favor of the women. He says he would rather hold a baby that work at the machines. On the other hand, in Lenore’s world, the man’s physical strength has being used to the detriment of the family’s emotional security. Lenore’s father a boxer uses his physical strength and boxing prowess to intimidate the women in his life. There is insecurity as both the mother and daughter as they cower at the sight of him (Kay et al. 335). Russell wants to run from the roles and the expectations of manhood in his poor social setting. He finds the women’s world to be more comfortable and he dreads growing up to these manly roles in his society. He is caught between the two ideas of men in his social setups; the worriers and the toilers. The toilers work all the day long at the tiresome manual labor while the worriers work preparing them for war and eventual death. He doesn’t envy any on the roles. In contrast to Russell gender roles discordance, Lenore Keeshig-Tobias embraces the manly role and the societal expectations of the same. This comes as surprising. Her drunkard father had often terrorized her and he
Introduction It’s very critical for any health institution to ensure that the right standards and measures are adhered to by all medical practitioners. This ensures the safety of their patients. Doctors and nurses alike, along with other stakeholders in any health institution should take it among themselves to ensure that careless and avoidable mistakes are not committed. This would save a lot of lives which would otherwise be lost. Critique The paper on ‘Nurse Perception on Medication Errors and Reporting’, by Ann Mayo and Denise Duncan, tries to give a view of what is perceived by nurses as medication errors. However, this is not what medication errors really constitute. In its endeavor to define what a medical error is, it states that medication errors are deviations from physician instructions. It has also tried to give the causes of these errors: most errors depicting the nurses negatively. A lot of factors would contribute to medication errors other than those listed in this paper. Before making a decision on who is mostly on the wrong side in an instance of these errors, it would be important to first look at some of the causes that lead to these errors. The authors have attributed these errors to both the physicians and nurses alike but with more blame being put on the nurses. First and foremost, there is the issue of illegible hand writing. This is listed as the top cause of deviations from physician’s instructions as the nurse in question interprets the instructions wrongly here. This assertion is in it self ridiculous because it is expected that the parties involved in the well being of a patient should work hand in hand. There should be a proper communication channel in which confirmations and verifications should be made. Frequent follow ups should also be carried out to ensure that the right actions are taken. In such an instance both the nurse and the physician should be held responsible since they are both supposed to ensure that they are on the same page in administering medication to the patient. The authors say that nurses also make medication errors due to wrong placements of the medical equipments. This is also among the top reason for medication errors. The question here is how some one who is fully qualified would wrongly place medical equipment. According to the authors paper 95% of nurses that made their population had practiced for 18.7 years with 62.7% working full time and of whom 40% were associate degree holders and 44% were bachelor’s degree holders. This are highly qualified and experienced population who would rarely make a mistake like of placing medical equipment wrongly. The issue of fatigue though wo
Multicultural competence In the area of multicultural competence, I would like to improve my knowledge about several ethnic groups in the country. Since the US is a multicultural society, a counselor is bound to interact with clients from various backgrounds. Some of them may have worldviews that few know about, and this may undermine clinical outcomes. Consequently, I would like to learn more about the cultural backgrounds of different types of Asians, such as the Burmese and Sri Lankans or different Latin Americans. Sometimes it is easy to generalize members of a certain region/ continent, yet each country may have very different cultural inclinations (Murphy & Dillon, 2011). I would like to know these differences and be a better counselor. Homosexuals are becoming a distinct group in today’s society. Certain stereotypes affect this group in a negative way. I would like to develop competence in communicating with gays. If one is insensitive to acceptable language in a certain community, a client may become offended by the counselor and even terminate his sessions with him. These communication codes are highly affected by the geographical location of the client; therefore, I would like to know more about how gays perceive themselves in one part of the world than in another. This will help me to incorporate those expectations when communicating with them. Furthermore, it will lead to a better understanding of the factors that may have affected the psychological condition of the client. My growth and upbringing in a modern society has caused me to develop biases against traditional healers or similar individuals. In the event that I get assigned to a remote location where villagers rely on traditional healers, I may find it difficult to consult or work together with these specialists. I need to do more research about the rationale and history behind these traditional practices so as to understand them (Murphy & Dillon, 2011). However, I should know how to end their involvement without offending them. Ethical issues Some ethical dilemmas are common across the board and it is easy to make decisions about them. However, some of them may be quite new; in these circumstances, it is necessary to use one’s value system. I need to develop my own value system that I can always count on when professional standards are no longer sufficient to respond to a case. This would give me the ability to deal with cases as they arise and exercise personal judgment more confidently. Some ethical issues have been handled and discussed extensively in public but implementing them personally can be quite challenging. For instance, responsible counselors are not meant to have any previous relationship with clients. However, sometimes one gets clients through referrals from close friends and family. Even though a
The importance of subtitling software for interpreters can hardly be overrated – it provides a significant advantage for the professionals, who are assigned with the task of writing down the captions for a certain movie, TV program, a recording, etc. A range of people view subtitling software as a form of cheating; others believe that a subtitling software may fail a professional easily due to the mispronunciation of certain words and, therefore, the failure to capture the right one. However, when viewing subtitling software, such as WinCap, as a tool for providing support for a subtitler instead of doing the job of the latter, the above-mentioned program can be considered an essential tool for improving time management and the quality of subtitling and translation. The use of software as a part of the subtitling process is often looked down at as a cheap substitute for an actual subtitler. The given statement can be viewed as true to a considerable degree; indeed, there is a possibility that it can be used as a lazy way of transcribing the speech without putting any actual effort into the process (Quah 7). The above-mentioned concern is, in fact, an integral part of the criticism for any equipment used as assistance in the process of translation or transcribing – the incorporation of the technology in question simplifies the process of subtitling (Cintas and Remael 13). As a result, the latter is reduced to editing the information supplied by the WinCap program, which might be efficient in terms of the output (Austermühl 3), yet may result in a significant drop in the proficiency of the person using it. It should be noted, though, that WinCap cannot be considered the ultimate tool for creating subtitles without putting any actual effort into the process. Although the program does feature a range of innovative technologies and can even detect actual s
Context of the study As the number of students studying Foreign Language increases worldwide, there is need to improve their proficiency in such languages. As a matter of interest, there have been different studies, which have been looking into ways of improving learning different foreign languages. In the recent past, there have been studies carried out with the aim of encouraging foreign language learning through technology in form of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). In the Middle East however, research on the usefulness for elementary-prep school EFL teachers to incorporate CALL in their day to day classroom activities has not yet drawn the attention of many researchers. The most interesting part of it is that, Middle East has a very unique culture and history of origin (Teh & Fraser, 1995). The region is struggling with the aim of becoming global citizen, where global and international firms and entities are in a position of prospering in the region. As a result, the region is very much committed to a population that is well educated with proficiency in international languages like English, for instance. Many teachers have worked in different kindergartens with children four and five years old. As a matter of fact, such teachers have lots of experience and also shared their ideas and approach of teaching. The problem is such teachers might not have enough teaching qualifications, as some have education background in accounting profession, rather than teaching. This issue is possible due to two main facts; the first fact is that kindergartens are preparation especially for basic academic skills. Secondly, there was no specific local higher educational institution that generates Early Childhood teachers until two years ago. Before then the assumption in the Middle East was that for one to be a kinder teacher, there is no need of special skills. There have been significant changes that have been made to improve education quality, especially at their workplace, but with all these changes, some still feel that, their aims have not been fully reached. As a result, this project plan provides a reflection of teaching profession, to find out whether teachers have practised teaching based on children’s developmental requirements. Hopefully from such reflection teachers might recognize their problems and limitations in their previous teaching practices and find good solutions while at the same time, enriching good practices. Project Rationale The study will investigate the usefulness of elementary-prep school EFL teachers to incorporate CALL in their day to day classroom activities in Middle Eastern settings. This will serve as an effort of increasing EFL proficiency, with the aim of being the engine that will increase CALL research in Middle East. In terms of social change, the findings herein will help make teachers as well as other
Recent reports have indicated that an estimated 2% of America’s population has contacted chronic strains of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) or the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). An average of 15000 annual deaths has been ascribed to Hepatitis or other liver related infections. It should be noted that up to 75% of the infected populace are not aware they have the disease. The state of affairs is worsened by the limited fiscal resources allotted by the exchequer. A meager 2% of the medical budget is reserved for Hepatitis as compared to 69% slated for AIDS. The disparity exists; although, both diseases originate from viral infections (Peters, 2010). Limited resources have brought about reduced awareness levels in the public domain, which creates a challenge when enforcing disease surveillance measures. To counter the disease, enhanced societal education and accessible services are crucial. This can be achieved by cooperation between management and healthcare providers at the different levels in which they operate. Prevention measures should also be enhanced, with prominence on vaccination against Hepatitis B promoted. This can be achieved if all states enforced legislation to make it a necessity before access to basic needs, like education (Peters, 2010). Summarily, efforts should be launched simultaneously across all fronts, with emphasis on; outreach and awareness; deterring fresh occurrences, clear identification of infected persons; providing social and peer support for the identified persons; medical management of infected persons. Select groups in the society should also be monitored keenly, especially; users of illicit drugs; immigrants, tourists and other visitors; persons who were previously held or are currently serving jail time and expectant mothers (Peters, 2010). Racial Inequality The differences occasioned by racial heritage play an integral role in determining the health status and lifespan of American citizens. It is notable that residents of color record lower life expectancy levels than their white counterparts. Surprisingly, killer diseases are similar across the board, with cancer, heart ailments and stroke being lead killers for both races. The difference is occasioned by awareness levels and availability of necessary facilities. Statistics have also revealed that black women show lower rates of contacting breast cancer; although they are more susceptible to the same as compared to white ladies. This has also been accredited to lack of consciousness and necessary medical facilities (Gillian, 2010). In addition, lifestyles of the two communities also add to their vulnerability. White residents live in affluent neighborhoods, with access to basic amenities and easy access to premier quality services. In these areas, security i
Critics argue that the principles of business ethics are only theoretical since they are conceived within scholarly boundaries and thus not applicable to real life business. Regardless of this, there are numerous ethical theories which describe the process of ethical decision making. These include the social contact theory, the stakeholder theory, Kantian ethics, among others. These theories have different assertions, all of them relevant to modern business ethics. To illustrate their usefulness in the development of modern business ethics, two of these theories are analyzed against the James Company vs. town council scenario. The concept of business ethics varies from one society to another. While an aspect maybe considered as unethical in a given society, the same might be ethically acceptable in a different society. Regardless of this, Ostas (2007) argues that the motivation for violating business ethics is multifaceted, more so by pecuniary self interest, which is further complicated by conflict of interest. There are numerous factors which need to be considered in determining whether a situation portends conflict of interest. These include the nature of affiliations between parties in a business contract, employment issues as well as legal and social obligations by firms towards the local community and business partners. Ostas’ (2007) arguments illuminate a number of key issues relevant to this case study. To begin with, the nature of affiliations between James’ Company and the town council portends conflict of interest. James’ Company had previously won tenders fairly. However, the fact that a third of employees in James’ Company come from the town pose crucial questions on the reason why the town council overpaid the Company in the latest tender. Since this is a fixed price contract, extra payments portends breach of contract agreement, and is likely to be perceived as kickbacks or rewards to James’ Company for providing employment to members of the town’s community. This argument lends itself to the fact that there are three major stakeholders in this case: James’ Company, the town council and the company employees. These stakeholders are likely to benefit from such unethical practices. Additionally, the dilemma is compounded by the fact that the town council, which is the client, adamantly maintains that the extra unauthorized payments are correct. There are a number of business ethics theories which can be used to analyze this case. Since this case study involves conflict of interest regarding major stakeholders, the stakeholder theory of business ethics seems relevant. According to the stakeholder theory, business managers have the obligation to manage reso