ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Prior to the launching of this aircraft, Boeing had specialized with 767 and 747-400 models of air-crafts for its clientele. The decline in the market for Boeing 767 and 747-400 that were being produced by the company in the late 1990s forced it to opt for a new aircraft design that was expected to revive its market. However, this was not forth coming as the September 11 th attack in the United States made the cost of fuel to escalate drastically. This led to the escalation of the cost required to run an airline company. The other issue of contention to many stakeholders in the larger air travel industry was ensuring that they remained profitable. This necessitated the designing of an aircraft that was expected to be cost effective. The desired aircraft was expected to reduce the operation costs in the airline industry. Consequently, this was expected to stimulate profitability of the passenger and cargo carrying airline companies since they were most affected by the vulgarities of the economic tide that was being experienced. To satisfy this need in the market, the Boeing Company designed the Boeing 787 which is a long plane with a passenger capacity that ranges from 210 to 330. The plane is equipped with twin jet engines that are designed to be fuel efficient, while at the same time, cruise at very high speeds of up to 0.3 Machs, which is equivalent to that of larger aircrafts. Besides this, the plane is designed from composite materials. Among its most dominant features are the four paneled wind shields, a smooth nose with sloping contours and chevron engines. The first Boeing 787 was unveiled in 2007 and recorded the highest sales turnover for a gigantic airplane in history with a 677 orders from world’s major airline companies, (Norris and Wagner 2009). Introduction The above information on the Boeing 787 is crucial as it has given the quest to explore the power behind the success of the aircraft in the market. This will be important in the examination of the impact that this aircraft has made on the airline industry. It is evident that the sophisticated technology that was incorporated in the production of this aircraft played a leading role in making it the bestselling wide body aircraft ever built in the history of airline industry. This paper aims at identifying how the technological breakthrough employed in designing the aircraft affected the overall sales of this plane. The study will seek to identify the specific components in its design that played the leading role in catalyzing the sales of this plane. In this process, the paper identifies special features that made the plane to be very successful in the market. Fuel Efficiency of the Jet The years between 2003 and 2007 when the Boeing 787 was designed, launched and its commercial production given a nod of approval were charac
The present world is said to be the most democratic and equal over human history. One can state that various cases of discrimination either do not exist or have a slight impact on society. In developed countries, people are free to choose where to to work, what to wear, and how to live. Furthermore, individuals are free to be of any sexual orientation according to their commitment. Against this background, it is impossible to imagine that the community stipulates that its particular group should meet specific requirements. It refers to the role of women in society from the point of view of human sexuality. In the modern world, there exists a belief that girls and women should look in a way to be attractive for boys and men, and society, social media, and parents support the given idea. Consequently, girls are taught to draw specific attention to their clothes and appearance to meet the imposed standards, and this phenomenon is known as sexualization (Wu, 2019). When preteen individuals are involved in this process, the notion of early sexualization emerges, and it is the central notion of this research proposal. Problem Statement In isolation, sexualization does not imply any negative consequence for society. When heterosexual people enter into a relationship, they should understand that procreation is one of their main goals that contribute to the survival of the whole human species. In this case, sexualization plays an essential role because this phenomenon is significant for initiating coitus and conceiving a child. It is so because being aware of social expectations provides women with the possibility to meet and satisfy them. However, the situation above emerges when sexualization is not enforced, and a problem arises when it appears that girls become familiar with the phenomenon under consideration quite early. Children under ten years old learn that they must draw specific attention to their clothes and appearance. As a result, they can believe that these phenomena are the most significant in their lives. Based on the information above, it is necess
This paper is a critical review of the article authored by Zollikofer and Ponce de Leo´n “Pandora’s Growing Box: Inferring the Evolution and Development of Hominin Brains from Endocasts” collected from The Journal of Evolutionary Anthropology. The study postulates that the brain of humans is a product of the evolutionary and developmental process. The article sets out to examine the peculiar and evolutionary pattern of human brain, and its correlation with structural and functional changes (Zollikofer & De León, 2013). The research article excels as a descriptive analytical research utilizing previously used data and literature to illuminate on the topic. This affords the readers and future researchers an opportunity to benefit from the clear information gotten from the analysis. The method applied by the article suits the phenomenon under study. The study has utilized numerous other studies to understand the research study. According to the researcher, combining the evidence from fossils and DNA sources, it is becoming clear how the structure of human mind has developed over the evolutionary period. The objective of the developmental paleoneurology from which the study borrows, is to identify the changes in the brain ontogeny and to make inferences from the mechanisms that create these changes. Reading the research article, I am thrilled with the statement “Comparative longitudinal MRI studies of brain development have revealed an interesting array of commonalities and differences in GM/ WM maturation between our closest relatives and ourselves. ” My choice of the quote is because I concur or agree with the researchers’ findings that the current living humankind is closely related to their immediate relatives (Zollikofer & De León, 2013). This study’s finding confirms previous studies that have demonstrated the mediating role of time to create differences in brain capacity between past and modern humans. This quote is in conformity with the findings that language evolution is intimately correlated with cognitive skills such as production involving stone tools. Hypothesis of the study The researcher has clearly stated the hypothesis of the study with an aim to present the need to test the results of the study. The aim of this exercise is to determine whether the theory underpinning the study can be proven. It is the burden of the researcher to state a clear and testable hypothesis. When this is conducted, however, the researcher should be alive to the fact that the hypothesis should be able to address t
Introduction Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in men and that affects the prostate (Ramon & Denis, 2007). Prostate is a gland that secretes seminal fluid that is necessary for the nourishment and transport of sperm cells. In the United States alone, more than 2 million men have been victims of this type of cancer (Ramon & Denis, 2007). Its risk factors include race/ethnicity, age, geography, family history, genetics, sedentary life, chronic inflammation, hormones, obesity, and gender (Ramon & Denis, 2007). In its early stages, the cancer is not very dangerous because it is confined only to the prostate gland. However, if not detected and treated early, it can spread to other parts and cause serious damage. Successful treatment is achieved if the cancer is detected early while it is still confined to the prostate gland. This paper will discuss genetics as a major risk factor for prostate cancer based on its pathogenesis, extent of contribution to cancer etiology, prevention, and methods of early detection. Genetics Numerous studies have found out that prostate cancer is a disease that emanates primarily from the interaction between genetic and non-genetic factors. These factors are responsible for the disease’s initiation and progression. Statistics released by the American Cancer society show that 1 in every 6 American males will be diagnosed with the cancer at a certain stage in their life (Ramon & Denis, 2007). Pathogenesis Prostate cancer develops when mutations repeatedly occur in genes that control processes such as cell division and cell growth (Tewari, 2013). In addition, it results from the genetic mutation of cells that repair damaged DNA. Prostate cells undergo genetic changes referred to as somatic mutations. Some people become exposed to the disease through the inheritance of mutated genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOXB13 (Pestell & Nevalainen, 2008). Mutations in these genes increase the risk of developing prostate cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for secreting proteins that fix damaged DNA and suppress tumors (Pestell & Nevalainen, 2008). DNA is critical in the maintenance of cell’s genetic information. Therefore, existence of mutations in the aforementioned genes prevents the production of BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins (Pestell & Nevalainen, 2008). These proteins control the division and growth of cells. Changes in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes prevent them from fixing damaged DNA thus facilitating the persistence of dangerous mutations (Tindall, 2013). Continued mutation of genes triggers rapid growth and division of prostate cells thus causing cancer. Mutations in the HOXB13 gene stop the secretion of a protein that regulates the activity of other genes thus impairing the proteins’ ability to suppress tumors (Pestell & Nevalainen, 2008). This leads to uncontrolled division and growth of prostate cells thus leading to cancer. Extent of the contribution o
To say that “The Adventures of Amir Hamza” or “Hamzanama” is a text of critical importance to Indo-Islamic and global culture would still be an underestimation. Generations of children marveled at the epos; generation of researchers picked the text to pieces. A signature work of the dastan genre, the text features adventure, bawdiness, magic, love, war, and above all, a multitude of characters. The eponymous character stands out as an epitome of everything elegized in epos – and at the same time, a distinct and realistic personality. Indeed, Amir Hamza is a character in which multiple other characters’ attribute is embedded: he is a trickster, a warrior, a hero, a spiritual person, a lover, and a mature man; as his personality evolves, Hamza demonstrates a life of a real person in a fictional setting, which determines his not entirely epic role in the epos. To support this claim, the following paper presents an analysis of the character’s evolution. Among the analysts and reviewers, there is a general appraisal of the character of Hamza as a charismatic personality that intoxicates the young reader with the spirit of adventure. A possible explanation of such catchiness and charm is the feasibility of the character, the touch of true-to-life authenticity that a reader can relate to. There are some distinct features and traits of Hamza’s personality that make such a relation possible. Firstly, Amir Hamza’s birth is prophetically marked as that of a man to conquer the world and achieve unsurpassed greatness. The prophecy sets the tone to the whole text and gives a clear understanding that Hamza is going to be involved in heroic acts. Upon further analysis, one can distinguish some traits that are typical and atypical for an epic hero. Hamza establishes him
Introduction Chemical addiction or abuse is a growing menace to individuals by themselves and society at large worldwide. Figures from the United Nations shows that 5% of the world population has indulged in chemical abuse at least once in their lifetime” (Doweiko 2009, p.3). Moving closer to home, the United States of America (U.S.A.) is responsible for 60% of the consumption of illicit drugs, though making up only 5% of the world’s population, which leads to the possibility of 35% of the men and 18% of the women in the U.S.A. likely to suffer from some kind of chemical addiction or abuse disorder during some period of their lives. This demonstrates the scope of the chemical addiction problem in the U.S.A (Doweiko 2009, p.3). Mechanisms of the Problem The scope of the problem of chemical addiction is compounded by the minimal current understanding of the disease of addiction that raises the probability of misunderstanding of the disease of chemical addiction. Available evidence and general opinion among psychiatry healthcare professionals point to the disease having a strong bearing on the weaknesses in the will and moral character of the individual, as chemical addiction develops from a malfunctioning cascade of neurotransmitters that is worsened through chemical abuse (Marley, 2001). The limited understanding of the disease of chemical addiction has led to different models of chemical addiction, and hence different frameworks for the treatment of the disease. Irrespective of these differences, more successful outcomes, are seen in the treatment of chemical addiction, when the focus of the treatment is on the whole person of the individual, using elements of behavioral, pharmacological, and social treatment that correspond to the specific needs of the concerned individual (Gidden-Tracy 2005, p.78). Religiosity and Spirituality According to Moritz et al 2006, p.26, findings from epidemiological studies show that religion and spirituality have a positive impact on the mental health of individuals. Moritz et al, 2006 conducted their study to evaluate how effective a home-based spirituality program was as an intervention strategy on mood disturbance in patients who were emotionally distressed. Participants in the study were randomly assigned to a spirituality group, a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction group, and a wait-list control group, wherein there was no intervention during the study. Subsequent to the twelve weeks of the study period, significant positive effects were observed in the spirituality group. However, actual research into the effects of religion and spirituality has been hampered by the complexity involved and the overlapping of definitions (Moritz et al, 2006, p.26). Nevertheless, there is increasing use of religion and spiritual therapy in the treatment of chemical addiction. This increased use
Introduction Every reputed organization follows a general customary set of ethical laws of demeanor that takes into its purview the efficacy of its workforce for creating values and taking ethical decisions on behalf of the company. There are several ways which can be unequivocal or understood by which the organization corresponds its values, up to standard decisive factors for administrative decisions, and its basic statutes for performances. A growing number of organizations are gradually recognizing the significance and advantages of openly corresponding their values and principles in a pre-decided ethical code of conducts. Such a convention, which facilitates fabricating a value-driven association, is primarily concerned with an organization’s fundamental values, dedication to its stakeholders, customs for doing business, and its liaison with open society (Yukl, 2010). In order to sustain healthy organizational behavior, any particular organization must regulate individual behavior and individuals within that particular organization must exhibit moral standpoint. This honest or ethical standpoint is identified as ethics. The Ethics Awareness Inventory is a sequence of extensive categorizations in lieu of four major groupings of principled beliefs. These metaphors are used to investigate several distinctiveness of a character’s standpoint on ethics. The four types expressed are: Character, Obligation, Results and Equity. According to The Williams Institute, producer of the Ethics Awareness Inventory, an individual with an ethical perspective of obligation, tends to base their attitude of ethics on an individual‘s duty and obligation to do what is morally right (Carter, 2011). This assignment mainly discusses the values and the decision making indicators identified for an individual from Williams Institute Ethics Awareness Inventory results. In this assignment the values identified in ethical decision making process while working in ABC organization have been evaluated. A suitable example has been given where an ethical decision was taken on behalf of the organization and this has been evaluated on the basis of Williams Institute Ethics Awareness Inventory Codes. This assignment is practically important for the readers to understand the values of organization while making ethical decisions on behalf of the company. Organizational Values and Decision Making Indicators (Williams Institute Ethics Awareness Inventory Results Ethics and organizational values are the two most significant characters of an individual. They define the character of an organization and also help in decision making process. While making a decision on behalf of the company personal values and beliefs of an individual always play a significant role. These indispensable standards delineate our individual character. There are numerous features which ascertain our moral values. The factors include our creed, ethnicity, and incalculable supplementary aspects that influence our principles and val
Introduction The digital marketing practices keep on evolving with companies and individuals who embrace innovation gaining its benefits. Understanding when digital marketing inclinations and innovations are suitable for business success enables it to have a competitive advantage over its rivals in the market. Innovations and inclinations in the digital marketing landscape transform business dynamics worldwide (Polanco-Diges and Debasa 223). For enhanced success, the management should understand the current trends and implement the best innovative tactic for the organization’s exceptional situation. Only organizations and individuals who pursue innovative digital techniques that elicit diverse engagement can thrive in the market. Innovation One digital marketing innovative tactic that companies should embrace entails facilitated use of voice in their endeavors. Marketing may be influenced by human-propelled initiatives at a higher rate than faceless systems. There is plenty of opportunities for innovative technologies in organizational strategies, particularly for the facilitation of conversational intelligence that enables customers to communicate remotely with the organization using their voice. To benefit from voice search strategies, an organization should set its data and systems correctly while ensuring that they align with competitive trends (Nambisan 7). If organizations understand the ease of searching by only speaking instead of typing, they will establish numerous new channels to increase their market share, productivity, and profitability. Current Events Apple Inc. has recently conceptualized, assessed, and launched the voice assistant digital technology, Siri. The technology was developed to establish innovation in the company that endeavors to improve the clients’ experience by assisting the corporation to perform its operations better and offer customers the most excellent service (Burns and Igou 85). Additionally, SAP SE, the most prominent European software corporation by revenue, has voice-empowered its Business ByDesign program. Instead of searching through numbers, customers can now request figures, which the digital assistant (Alexa) will instantly recite to them. This helps in saving time and creating flexibility. Technological advancements keep on rising and changing, and consumers progressively become di
It is a cool Monday evening in February. I just finished classes and take the bus to the British Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology in Bristol where I have a 6 o’clock appointment at their Research Division. I reach in time and am warmly greeted by Christine Armstrong, a research coordinator. She helps me into a leather reclining chair, rolls up my right sleeve, efficiently unwraps a butterfly needle, connects it to a plastic syringe and eases it into the vien above my elbow. I close my eyes and think about that last Christmas I spent with my family in Manila, recall the squeals of delight as my younger brothers and sisters (2 boys and 3 girls) gushed over the presents I had brought for them. After exactly 15 minutes, Christine taps me on the shoulder. She removes the equipment. She has harvested 4 syringes of blood needed for a study on “allergic dermatitis,” a skin allergy. Christine smiles, hands me a large carton of orange juice, a payment voucher and reminds me about the next appointment due the coming week. On my way out I collect £30 from the cashier and smile with delight. My name is John Sanoy. I hail from Manila in the Philippines. I am presently a medical student at the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry in University of Bristol located in Tyndall Avenue while living in their dormitory. I am a regular volunteer for medical experiments – a human guinea pig, as people like me are normally called. I am not ashamed of what I do. After all, it is a sort of part-time job which pays well, and God knows I need the money for my college and dorm fees. My family back in Manila is not well off. My father owns a small grocery shop and struggles to make ends meet his wife and eight children, of whom I am the eldest. Short of borrowing at high interest rates, my family cannot afford to send me money for my expenses. While I will never cease to be thankful for the scholarship that enabled me to join the University of Bristol, the four months during which I was forced to accept money sent by my family for my living expenses will always remain in my memory like a festering sore, because there seemed to be nothing I could do. Two coinciding incidents propelled me into the human guinea pig profession. I read a book called “Guinea Pig Zero” by Bob Helms, and was simply fascinated by the astounding information of the author, a renowned guinea pig himself. That same evening I spotted an ad in “Medical Student Newspaper” (the U.K’s largest free publication for student doctors) that read: “Wanted: Fair-skinned volunteers for skin study. Good compensation paid.” I called the number provided and discovered it was the MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology. The skin study involved subjecting fair-skinned, healthy volunteers to UV rays treatment. The 30 minute session involved a £50 compensation. I snapped up the offer, and the rest is history. It is now nearly two years since I underwent my first guinea-pig experiment. I have since rented by body to science with lo