ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The city of Flagstaff has a limited supply of quality housing for low- and moderate-income households; therefore, the government prepared a multifamily housing development plan. However, the owners of single-family houses who live in the neighborhood of the construction area are opposed to the development on to a sunflower field that supports the image of San Francisco. Due to such controversial opinions, the wishes of both citizens and the government cannot be accomplished simultaneously. The American Planning Association (2020) claims that successful planning should include and reflect the wishes and values of an entire community. Hence, to make a rational decision, all risks and benefits require to be analyzed and estimated, and the conflict needs to be solved. In my opinion, the city should not defer the construction of the multifamily housing complex. From my point of view, in this situation, the probable outcomes of both decisions need to be compared. The construction is aimed at meeting the needs of habitation deprived or low-income families. Therefore, its goal is to cover the basic physical needs of poor citizens. The intention to save the sunflower field is mostly driven by the aesthetic, cultural, and emotional interests of community members whose basic requirements are already covered. Although culture development and maintenance is a significant part of the city’s and government’s policy, to my mind, it cannot be the main priority as long as some citizens have inappropriate living conditions. According to LaGro (2013), one of the first stages of urban planning is the site analysis stage which means ubiquitous consideration of construction aspects. Therefore, regardless of my point of view, the issue can be viewed from various perspectives. The first type of issue regarding the problem is social. For example, Levy (2017) believes that planners should be concerned not only about the less fortunate but also estimate the social implications of their decisions. In this construction planning process, the conflict between the interests of two communities represents a social issue. On the one hand, the interests of low- and moderate-income citizens without proper habitation need to be supported. On the other hand, the sunflower field is public property; hence, the interests of neighborhood representatives are valuable as well. In such conflicts, the city can whether to negotiate or withdraw. From my point of view, the first option seems more rational and beneficial as the owners of single-family houses can be explained the main objectives and goals of this construction. The conflict can also be solved through court and a series of trials; however, it is the last measure that requires to be taken. The second option is to withdraw and preserve the sunflower field, but in this case, a number of people will remain deprived of adequate living conditions. The second perspective that needs to be mentione
Abstract The current study critique analyzes the presented article to answer several questions. It shows that the report follows a consistent flow, although the study’s abstract does not summarize the article. The authors took a sample of 4923 nurses from America and Canada to determine how the outcomes of the Essential Professional Nursing Practices (EPNP) tool relate to clinical nurse jobs, nurse-measured client satisfaction, and practice. In addition to consistency noted throughout the report, the authors present ideas and information logically. Generally, the findings could have implications for nursing in the future. Introduction Although the research problem is not clearly described in the article, it appears like it is associated with the ever-increasing number of patients, the complexity of healthcare systems, as well as the need to assess the extent to which clinical nurses (CNs) engage in their professional practices. All these necessitate the development of an effective instrument that can go a long way in evaluating nursing practices. The problem is critical to nursing since it helps researchers and other stakeholders learn about dynamic issues in the contemporary that can be handled to achieve better outcomes for clients. There is no doubt that these trends in the healthcare sector can either lead to better or worse performances among CNs. The justification for the investigation is that nursing outcomes should be assessed using appropriate tools. Previous studies have claimed to evaluate practices of nurses, but have only measured structures within which nurses perform their duties. This implies that they have not remained focused on their initial goals. The current investigation concentrates on assessing nursing professional practice within complex systems. If stakeholders in healthcare facilities know that the professional practice of nurses within these systems is not associated with the set organizational and individual objectives, they can institute changes that can enable nurse professionals to achieve better outcomes. In addition, identification of performance problems within these settings can help management teams to prevent major issues that may arise in the future. In other words, the development of an appropriate instrument for measuring nursing practices can help to mitigate problems in healthcare facilities. The study authors have stated three objectives. First, they aimed at critiquing and weighing items. Second, they purposed to evaluate the value as well as psychometric of the newly developed Essential Professional Nursing Practices (EPNP) tool. Finally, the investigators wanted to cr
Progressive Concept of Shari’ah and Fiqh A part of Shari’ah more concerned with the actual behaviour of man in this world is termed Fiqh which consists of detailed rules and is closer than Shari’ah to the concept of law, though often the two original terms are used as synonyms. Fiqh , in spite of having a narrower ambit than Shari’ah , covers a much broader area than law by including such rules as those on purely religious observance. A substantial part of Fiqh , however, correlates to the present-day notion of law. For convenience, Shari’ah or Fiqh is often rendered in English by the term ‘law’ and sometimes by the term ‘jurisprudence’ , though the latter is apt to generate confusion because of its particular use in English for a branch of jural study on the theoretical basis and philosophical aspects of the law. Faqih (sing: Fuqaha ) is a scholar who is versed in Fiqh and, being religious, is required to be pious and observant. He is a religious jurist, sometimes referred to in the Western literature as a ‘jurisconsult’. In the following research, we shall generally employ ‘law’ for Fiqh, which itself is a part of Shari’ah and not infrequently equated with it, and shall utilize ‘ religious jurist’, or simply ‘jurist’, for a Fuqaha . Another clarification to be made concerns the concepts of ‘school’. Islamic law is not a uniform or unitary system. It consists of subsystems according to various schools. A ‘school’ refers to a particular Islamic faith and the related subsystem of law, each a system in itself, and not to a trend of jurisprudential doctrine or thought. There are five major Islamic schools today of which four are Sunni and the fifth is the Shi’ah, itself divided into several branches of which the most important is the Twelve ( Ithna Ashari ). Depending on the level of comparison, these schools present differences which distinguish them from each other and similarities which bring them together. There are notable differences in methodology and detailed rules between these schools. Our reference to the particularity of Sunni law in this research is exclusively to the four Sunni schools, Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i and Hanbali. It may, therefore, be said, as a first categorization, that there are Sunni schools and Shi’a schools, albeit that each are divided into individual branches. In a broader context, all the schools, whether Sunni or Shi’ah, have a common core in history, sources, classification, methodology, and so on, which makes it possible (notwithstanding variations and disunity in details) to treat Islamic law as a comprehensive system on its own, distilled from the general features of its various schools and branches. All the four Sunni schools developed from the beginning of the second/eighth century. They were founded by, and respectively named after, pious and learned men, each referred to as ‘ Imam ’. These schools are the Hanafi, founded by Imam Nu’man Abu Hanifh (d.150/767); the Maliki, founded by Imam Malik
Extant literature shows that Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a chromosomal condition that affects the male physical, psychosocial and cognitive capacities due to the presence of one or more supernumerary X chromosomes among the affected individuals. With an occurrence rate of 1:500 to 1:1000 live male births, affected persons exhibit a multiplicity of signs and symptoms such as hypogonadism, fertility problems due to low testosterone, decreased body and pubic hair, tall stature, gynecomastia, language-based learning incapability, and disorders of the executive function (Turriff et al., 2011; Verri et al., 2010). KS remains a common yet underdiagnosed genetic condition due to its high variability among individuals, overlapping of symptoms with those of other medical conditions, and complexities in clinical manifestation (Genetic Home Reference, 2013; Herlihy et al., 2011). The present paper aims to illuminate the cognitive and psychosocial aspects of a male with KS in the post-puberty stage. Although cognitive characteristics vary among affected individuals, available literature demonstrates that a considerable number of young adults with KS exhibit learning disabilities and delayed speech and language development (Genetic Home Reference, 2013) caused by chromosomal abnormalities (van Rijn et al., 2012). A study by Verri et al (2010) shows that 70-80% of XXY males demonstrate language disabilities that are exhibited in terms of delay in onset of first words, acquisition of the main phases of language development and challenges in the articulation of sounds or syllables in lexical retrieval and processing of phonemes, resulting in limitations in reading, expression, writing and reasoning abilities in arithmetic (Verri et al., 2010). Verri et al (2010) acknowledge that “individuals with KS have limitations in material processing speed and memory of auditory verbal material, which are associated with problems in decoding words” (p. 426). Cognitively, therefore, these challenges result in a lower speed, accuracy and verbal comprehension, particularly when the reading of material is done aloud. Adults may not exhibit these symptoms probably due to experience gained over a long time, but they too exhibit distinctive characteristics of cognitive deficiencies (Turriff et al., 2011). Substantial reduction in verbal scale and IQ performance has been noted in young adults diagnosed with atypical aneuploidy (e.g., XXXY 48 and 49 XXXXY) compared with
Introduction Nintendo is an arcade and console game manufacturer which has launched five successive gaming consoles which fall under the category of Wii. There exist many different gaming consoles which are popular amongst the consumers, like Microsoft’s Xbox 360 and Sony’s play station. However, the target market of the Wii is much more diverse and broad as compared to other gaming consoles as it targets the young as well as the older generation of gamers in the market. The Target Market As mentioned earlier the target market for Nintendo Wii is very broad and diverse as compared to the other consoles like Xbox 360 and Play Station which have the target market of 10-35-year-olds. “Aiming to entice a demographic of five to 95-year-olds, the latest console from Nintendo encourages multi-player interaction by bringing features such as a bowling alley, a golf course and a tennis court into the living room. Among its target audience are non-gamers and hardcore gamers.” (Bond, 2007) The Nintendo Company has actively pursued marketing activities to target cruise ship vacationers, mothers as well as grandparents, and families as a whole to promote its product as a console gaming item that can be utilized by the whole family. Adding on a new twist to it the company has also added a virtual gaming option on the console which allows the consumers of Wii to play active sports games like bowling, tennis, golf as well as other sport-based hyper-realistic games These games provide the customers of Wii with an active cardiovascular workout which enables them to shed weight. This is a strategic SPU of the product which is significantly different from the characteristics of other gaming consoles in the market which tend to promote problems about obesity amongst the users as well as high blood cholesterol and fat content due to inactivity. Nintendo’s Marketing of Wii: Online Nintendo has been using very diverse online marketing strategies to attract the market and promote Wii to its target market. The company has allotted a substantial portion, which amounts to about $10 million, of its marketing budget to online marketing. The strategies employed by the company for the promotion of Wii include using standard online marketing tools such as advertisements on the net, banners, and drop-down ads in the popular search engine-based mailing systems as well advertising on online communities and forums. The above-mentioned online marketing strategies which were highlighted come into the push marketing strategies. The pull strategies that are being used by the company about investment in a MySpace page for Wii where it encour
Summary of the articles Article 1: Heinrich Himmler Speech to the SS This article is a speech presentation by Heinrich Himmler, an army leader and a commander of the Schetzstaffel also known as the “SS” group of Nazi Germany. This particular speech was a motivational talk made to the members of the group to empower them for future preparations concerning their activities towards the implementation of what they called the “final solution of the Jewish question” (Reilly 943). The main theme of the entire speech made by SS in which we shall be analyzing in this section of the paper is about this group’s mission and strategies towards the implementation of orders handed to them by their chief commander, Hitler which expressly required the total destruction of the Jewish community living in the country. According to this speech it is clear that the SS unit were unanimous in their agreement of killing all Jewish as it states that “the Jewish people are going to be annihilated” (Reilly 944). In a nutshell the main idea that this speech intended to communicate is that extermination of the entire Jewish people should be hastily undertaken and concluded through means which the speech details and describes as historical and necessary if the SS group is to achieve its mark of “integrity” and bring grandeur to them (Reilly 945). In order to maintain their integrity, the SS group demands that orders must be strictly followed after they have been approved by the commander and in particular addresses the issue of Jewish wealth that they intend to confiscate and acquire in the process of persecuting the Jews. In this speech the SS commander categorically warns of the consequences of soldiers hoarding wealth confiscated from the Jew by stating the punishment that will be meted out in what would appear to be orders the orders given by Hitler. As a matter of fact, the commander is very specific on this issue as he states in the speech “whoever takes so much as a mark of it for himself is a dead man” (Reilly 945). In the same speech the commander finishes by justifying the reasons of wanting to have all the Jews annihilated by stating that it is not so much for their wealth but for the fact that the Jews at one time also wanted to have them exterminated. It is in this regard that we encounter one of the major classic propaganda that Hitler had architecture during this period in order to whip Germans towards hating Jews and th
The Great Bear rainforest falls under the forest classification of coastal temperate rain forests, which is one type of the most endangered types of forests across the globe; before the threat of logging and other human activities threatening their existence, they covered 1/5 of 1% of the earth’s land surface. Approximately, 60% of the original coverage of these forests, have been destroyed through development and logging among other human activities. The Great Bear rainforest is one ecological center, which provides an unforgettable adventure site, where there are mountains, waterfalls, coastal and water slide scenery. This paper is a discussion of the recent proposals to expand the protection of the forest and its scenery, which may not be witnessed anywhere else in the world (Raincoast Conservation Society). Following the threat of the Great Bear forest, which is one of the few remaining but threatened forest type, scientists around the world have raised concerns over the delays facing the implementation of protection agreements, which are supposed to increase the protection of the threatened forest area. Further, scientists have been in the fore front, insisting that the BC should fasten the protection processes for the forest. An example of this was the request sent by global rainforest scientists attending the Earth Summit at Rio, pushing for a faster process to implement the protection of the forest (Gracey 1; Reichel 1). The stakeholders to be affected by the proposed expansion of the protected area of the forest, include the loggers, who earn their income from the logging activities at the forest. The B.C government is another stakeholder, as its leadership to guide the players to take place in the protection and the making of the agreement, rely on its directing. The players under the B.C government stakeholders group, include the employees at the ministry of forests, land and natural resources, central and local authorities, for example, the provincial authorities who are greatly involved in the proposal. There are the forest and research scientists group from different nations, who are pushing the completion of the protection agreement and process, as they are interested in fighting for increased protection of the threatened classification of forests. Oil companies like the Northern Gateway pipeline company is also interested in the progress of the protection, as its enacting will affect its oil drilling and transportation operations. Other stakeholders include tourists, who will benefit from viewing the threatened scenery after protection (Raincoast Conservation Society; Reichel 1; Gracey 1). The benefits from the protection of the forest will include the protection of the wildlife and marine
In my reflection, I intend to talk about how the focus of food processing has been on individual nutrients rather than on dietary patterns or whole food that are beneficial to consumers. I also intend to talk about how the nutritional guidelines are not beneficial to the general public but instead lead to a catastrophe of poor health. Pollan, in his book, points out clearly that the reason why people eat is to become healthy and not to enjoy the taste. I believe this view is widely shared but it may not always be the case. According to Pollan, the focus should not be on breaking down food into its nutritional component but on leaving food in its whole form. For instance, grain or corn can easily be broken down into its chemical parts but once that happens, it becomes difficult to gather it back together. I like the way he emphasizes this point when he says that Americans should not eat food that can hardly be recognized by their great-grandparents. When food is over-processed, it fails to become real food but an imitation that poses a great health risk to consumers. Food is supposed to enhance and maintain human health. This means that when people eat food they are not supposed to fall sick or develop health conditions that will eventually be the cause of their death. Therefore when food is presented properly to the consumers and also the consumers adopt the right dietary patterns then food will serve its purpose. I think experts play an important role in offering nutritional advice to consumers. They are very influential and they need to start shedding real light on consumers regarding dietary issues. Sometimes experts would lead consumers into taking supplements which may not be bad. However, they are not entirely helpful in maintaining good health. Foods should be eaten in the right quantity and with a focus on vitamins such as vegetables and fruits. People need to be conscious of vitamins in the same way they value food supplements. The food that people eat today is worsening their health rather than making improvements. Conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases have become leading causes of death among people today. It has reached a point where the focus of government spending on health is on preventive medicine
Background of the Company Singapore Airlines Limited (SIA) started its journey as Malayan Airways in 1937 and its fleet had grown significantly by 1955; in addition, this company went public in 1957 and changed its name to Malayan-Singapore Airlines (MSA) in 1966. It shifted headquarters, exhausted its fleet, and began to introduce service in new routes; however, SIA formed in 1972 (the government hold 57% stock) while MSA ceased its operation because of political deviation between Malaysia and Singapore. At the initial stage, it had no domestic routes to serve though it operated in international routes; however, it experienced intense competition though it operated the largest Boeing 737s and 707s to its fleet. Market Conditions According to the given case study, Singapore Airlines was one of the most successful airlines in the globe in 2004; however, it was popular to the business travellers on long flights due to the best customer service and performance of the employees. However, it had flown about 16 million travellers in 2004 and won many “best of” awards for the outstanding performance though it faced severe challenges as well. However, it carried 15944 thousands passengers in 2004/05 and 13278 thousand in 2003/04; in addition, it had 104,662.3 million available seat-km and 77593.7 million revenue passenger kilometres in 2004/05. According to the given case study, it was the sixth largest airline in the globe considering international travelers-km carrying individuals; however, the given case study mentioned that SIA would have been even bigger. On the other hand, Skytrax had ranked this company in fourth position and it reported that the competitors changed and upgraded their market position. Pricing Strategy It asked higher price for the service because it spent at least 10% higher than industry averages; however, It had increased ticket surcharges thrice in 2005, which assisted maintain the highest point among the competitors; therefore, it gained yield or sales revenue per travellers/ km flown increased by 6.20% to 10.30 Singapore cents. On the other hand, net profit of SIA had decreased by 7.9% in the first quarter of 2005 since low cost service providers designed cheap pricing strategy while it asked ten percent higher than industry averages. SWOT Analysis Strengths   * It had the second largest capitalization;   * It has long experience to hold market leading position as it originally established in 1937;   * In addition, it has enough financial capabilities to reach organisational goals;   * Number of passengers is one of the key success factors;   * Innovation, genuine quality and outstanding customer service;   * Product/service differentiation strategy and it introduced hot meals, free alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages;   * The employees particularly girls of Singapore are the main strengths of SIA;   * It operated youngest fleet of aircraft and replaced older aircrafts;   * Consistency had been the hallmark of SIA’s management; Weakness