ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Smoking during pregnancy can be considered as a serious public health problem, as it creates adverse effects on both the mother and the infant (Floyd, Rimer, Giovino, Mullen, & Sullivan, 1993) Though it has not been clearly established, several studies have shown that maternal smoking in pregnancy has a positive association with behavioral disorders in the offspring. The nature of this association could not be established clearly, as there may be other smoking-related vulnerability factors, which might affect the behavior of the children. Research Hypothesis Results of several studies have indicated a relationship between maternal smoking and anti-social behavior of of the infants. Prenatal maternal smoking has been found to be associated with chronic ischemia, hypoxia, increased tremors and increased startle response in the infants (Brennan, Grekin, & Mednick, 1999). Prenatal risk factors may lead to persistent and violent criminal outcomes in the off springs. Prenatal maternal smoking has been identified to be an additional factor having an impact on the behavior of the infants. A study on the increased rate of crime in adult offspring due to maternal smoking during pregnancy would throw light on the association between the maternal smoking and behavioral patterns of the off springs. The research hypothesis that maternal smoking during pregnancy is related to the criminal behavior of the adult offspring can be theoretically supported by the study. Interpretation of Data Several cautions are to be considered while interpreting the collected data on maternal smoking. This is due to the following reasons.  1. The research needs to be based on the information on smoking, which is self-reported, includes status of smoking, and mean number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy.  2. The data on smoking status by the respondents would usually be self-reported and the recording of the data on smoking habits during at least three or four stages of pregnancy has to be done to have more reliability. There might have been additional changes that might have occurred in the intermittent periods, which were not included in the database.  3. The information on the smoking status would be reported retrospectively at the first prenatal visit. This would result in systematic underreporting of several factors like the status of smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked and the pattern of smoking. Termed self-deception has been estimated to be in
The production of food has changed through the years with the ever-growing human population and its mounting needs. Moreover, the principles of producing, purchasing, and cooking food have also evolved under the influence of people’s cultures and lifestyles. The industry of food corporations is now filled with cheap pre-made meals and inexpensive products that can be used at any time of the day. Television programs and social media channels show how to prepare meals quickly and efficiently, appealing to people’s need for comfort. The food industry rooted in the principle of cheap and available products often undermines many ethical principles that should surround a business directly impacting people’s health and the environment. For example, Schlosser notes that workers in the food industry have dangerous jobs with inadequate or missing safety standards and a general disregard for human life and safety (420). Animals suffer from food corporations as well, as the latter do not give them any ability to live a healthy life, confining them to small spaces, limiting their mobility, and lowering the quality of their food (Pollan 418). Various corporations try to portray these conditions as a positive outcome of raised efficiency, disregarding the ethics of food production. Food corporations and the general direction of the food industry have three distinct negative features. First of all, the production of food such as meat and dairy is often marked by manufacturers ignoring any ethics of raising animals for meat and attempting to reduce the price of meat by lowering its quality. Second, the conditions in which many employees of the food industry have to work are unsuitable not only for providing them with adequate pay but also for keeping them safe. Finally, the sector of food production with a focus on effectiveness and speed influences people’s cooking habits, making them less selective in choosing proper and healthy ingredients. The course of actions in the food industry is affected by the growing number of people and their changing priorities and demands. The chosen path towards effic
Atrium health is a leading, not-for-profit hospital network, which was formally known as Carolinas healthcare system. It operates freestanding emergency departments, hospitals, urgent care centers, and medical practices in North Carolina and South Carolina (Atrium Health, 2019). Atrium health is the legal Charlotte-Mecklenburg hospital authority that operates as an independent entity. This paper summarizes key details of this organization, performs a SWOTT analysis, analyzes its current mission statement, and proposes a revised version. Summary of Atrium Health Atrium health is a leading provider of full-spectrum medical services to communities in North Carolina and South Carolina. Examples of specialized treatments offered include plastic surgery, surgery, transplant, trauma care, pulmonary medicine, and urology (Atrium Health, 2019). It primarily serves patients (customers) of all ages with various conditions, including cancer, diabetes, eating disorders, heart disorders, infectious diseases, and kidney problems. It also treats victims of domestic violence and people in need of genetic risk counseling. The organization delivers its services through a network of entities that includes hospitals, academic medical centers, physician practices, rehabilitation centers, surgical centers, and nursing homes. SWOTT Analysis Strengths  1. Advanced equipment that aid in the treatment of different health problems, such as digital mammography machine and PET/CT (Atrium Health, 2019).  2. All imagery and pathology services are done under one roof limiting movements of medics and specialists from one building to another.  3. Advanced infrastructure and better delivery of services.  4. The organization has experts that have specialized in different fields of treatment.  5. The hospital offers affordable prices to their facilities, services, and products. Weaknesses  1. The organization is new in the market, which is a disadvantage because it is unknown by most patients. It is also likely to face competition from established providers.  2. Atrium has a limited national presence. It must partner with associates to boost its coverage.  3. The provider’s pricing strategy is not the best. It makes its services and products less competitive in the market (Rege, 2018).  4. The organization faces difficulties in management since they offer their services in a wide range of networks.  5. There are limited business lines in the markets that Atrium operates. Opportunities  1. The organization has had an incremental improvement in health technology. Thus, the entity is poised to advance technologically, which will allow it to compete effectively in the market.  2. Atrium health has an opportunity to improve its products in the area of pharmacogenomics.  3. The organization can expand to new markets in the US where its services are needed.  4. Universal coverage options will increase the number of healthcare consumers.
Abstract Learning As defined by (Noe, 2009), is a way through which a person acquires new knowledge as well as skills and behaviors, which generally incorporates synthesizing a range of information in the general environment. This essay focuses on social learning theory, developed by Bandura, as evident in modern business organizations. Basically, the theory points out that, individuals in organizations learn from each other by means of observation, imitation as well as modeling among many other techniques. The most critical element in the social learning theory proposed by Bandura is the focus on, what is termed as reciprocal determinism. Essentially, the component of reciprocal determinism points out that, a person’s behavior is stimulated by surrounding environment, besides an individual’s characters, and these factors always work together in any learning situation (Noe, 2009). Basic concepts Some of the fundamental principles of this theory include the following; one, individuals are able to learn from others, by observing the way they carry out their duties as well as the results of their conducts. Two, learning can take place even if there is no modification of behavior. Three, cognition is essential in any social learning process, ostensibly because, awareness as well as expectations relating to expected reinforcements or even punishments significantly impact people’s behavior. Additionally, social learning is a form of transition, especially in relation to behavior coupled with learning techniques (Noe, 2009). To begin with, observational learning in organizations through imitating others is a common occurrence in today’s business environment. For example, if employees observe violent behaviors of their bosses, they are likely to do the same when they get opportunity. In relation to observational learning (Noe, 2009) points out three models. One is a live model, which basically entails the very person demonstrating behavior. Two is the model relating to verbal instructions, where behaviors are critically described as well as analyzed. Three is the symbolic model, which encompasses not only real characters, but also fictional ones, who will exhibit various behaviors as documented in written materials like books and other forms of media (Noe, 2009). Moreover, a person’s mental state contributes to learning, where in this case, one’s pride, self-esteem among others, determines how one’s learning process will be. Again, it is not necessary that all the learned behaviors will induce change; this is likely to be the case where learning involves testing to establish truth (Noe, 2009). According to (Noe, 2009), the social learning theory is a crucial theory as far as learning together with development of individuals is concerned. From a social context, people are able to learn mostly by observing what others are doing, thus termed as observational learning. In this perspective, such kind of learning is applied in comprehending various human behaviors in organizations. (Noe, 2009) points out that, there are three critical asp
The United Arab Emirates has taken decisive efforts to combat the coronavirus pandemic and the effective actions to limit the effects of the crisis in different fields. Various steps have been taken by the UAE government and Emirates Ministry of Foreign Affairs to stop the spread of COVID-19, which includes awareness-raising campaigns and travel restrictions. MOFAIC has demonstrated great efficiency in taking preventive measures to reduce the number of infected cases. At the beginning of COVID-19 global spread, MOFAIC has coordinated with the UAE Embassy in China and organize the evacuation of Arab people from Wuhan. This action was a part of the proactive efforts to strengthen collaboration with China to limit the rapid coronavirus dissemination. Before the mission in Wuhan, the UAE government has ordered to set up a healthcare facility to ensure the required monitoring and care after their evacuation. As a response to the World Health Organisation’s statement of coronavirus pandemic that represents a high risk associated with traveling, the UAE has taken several precautions. MOFAIC has stopped issuing any visas, except for diplomatic, as a temporary restriction since March 17. It has also decided to temporarily cancel all outbound and inbound flights with Iraq, Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria. Besides, the UAE has taken strict measures at its borders, including thermal scanners for detecting COVID-19 and well-prepared medical personnel available round-the-clock. All the UAE’s proactive actions are a part of the precautionary measures to prevent the dissemination of deadly COVID-19. The UAE government and Ministry of Foreign Affairs have shown a high level of responsiveness and rapid decision-making. It has led to the rapid implementation of plans to combat the current crisis.
ApplichemCompany was one of the leading manufacturers of specialty chemicals in the early 1982s. As a result of the increased demand for its products in the global market, the company’s top management was forced to establish additional branches in different places across the world. Four of its major plants were built in Gary, Mexico, Frankfurt, and Sunchem. Release-ease is a product that earned the company a global recognition for many years. The company’s performance in terms of production and distribution of release-ease varied from one plant to the other. Looking at the general performance of all plants from a profitability perspective, one can easily note that Frankfurt plant was the best performer overall followed by the Gary and Mexico plants. The Sunchem plant was the least performing branch. Despite its expansive market, the Frankfurt plant incurred low manufacturing costs compared to other plants. The raw materials were relatively cheap in Germany compared to the US and Mexico. The manufacturing costs in Japan were so high that the Sunchem plant’s expenditure on inputs was huge. This reduced the revenues to a great extent and eventually affected the productivity of the plant. Since profitability is positively correlated to productivity, the different profit levels attained by different plants also impacted the productivity levels. This implies that the productivity of each plant depended on the prevailing conditions of the location. Labor productivity The productivity of labor was the highest in the Frankfurt plant. This can be attributed to the introduction of computerized processes. The technical team was equipped with computer skills making it to be effective with regards to performance. This not only ensured that time was put in its optimal use, but also minimized raw material wastage. Additionally, the Frankfurt plant was headed by an experienced manager who understood every detail of release-ease production. He understood the needs of customers very well. By doing that, he incorporated certain specifications in the production of release-ease. This attracted a large market for his plant in comparison to others. The Gary plant had the highest number of employees. However, the productivity of each employee was low, because the hiring processes were based on loyalty to the plant and the plant manager and not on merit. However, the Mexican plant had operators with the lowest education levels. This hampered innovation and problem solving as
In the modern globalized world, companies are selling products in different countries and in different parts of the world. It is but natural that each region has certain peculiarities and companies have to take them into account. Advertising is the sphere where cultural peculiarities can be evident as within a short time only particular features of the product are revealed. Clearly, it is possible to understand the difference between two cultures by tracing the differences in commercials. It is possible to compare two commercials of Domino Pizza produced in India and the USA. First, it is necessary to note that two similar commercials are chosen. Hence, in both ads, there is a home setting and pizza. At the end of the commercial, pizza itself is shown to advertise different toppings. The product itself (as opposed to such supportive services as mobile delivery applications) is put to the fore. Although similar advertisements are chosen, they are very different as different messages are articulated. One of reasons for that is peculiarities of the two cultures. Thus, the US culture is low-context while Indian culture is high-context (Lazović, 2012). In low-context cultures, the information is given rather explicit while in high-context cultures a lot of messages remains unuttered (Locker, 2010). As far as the differences in the commercials are concerned, it is possible to single out major ones. In the US commercial, three men are sitting at the table, enjoying their Domino pizzas, and discussing benefits of the product ( Domino’s Pizza commercial , 2007). It turns out they all have quite different preferences. At the same time, Indian commercial features a couple who are about to have some meal ( Dominos Pizza commercial, India , 2012). The woman spoils the meal (it is clear that the food has burnt down) and the man orders delicious pizza. They eat pizza together. These differences suggest that the attitudes towards the products are slightly different in the two countries. Clearly, it is shown that pizza has great flavor and everybody likes it. However, for Americans, pizza seems to be a usual treat that can be eaten during any meal. It can be a treat for friends’ meetings as well as a meal for any other occasion. The major focus is made on particular qualities of the product. The commercial is very precise and explicit. However, Indian commercial is more implicit and fewer details about the product itself are given. In India, pizza seems to be a good replacement of a meal. Thus, the man whose wife cannot cook does not starts an argument but orders pizzas that help them keep good relationship. Importantly, Americans explicitly talk about things they like about pizza (its smell, taste, looks or even the way it sounds). Whereas, Indians do not discuss these features and only enjoy their favorite treat. In conclusion, it is possible to note that the two commercials advertise the same product in different ways. In the USA, pizza is a meal and the features of the product are explicitly discussed, while Indians tend to focus on possible uses of the product (which is a replacement of a traditio
Performance evaluations allow managers and other contributors to gauge and improve employee performance through mentorship, training, and goal-setting. According to Cappelli and Conyon (2017), performance assessments are standard practices of all organizations, even though they can be time-consuming. Purwohedi (2017) claims that performance appraisals form part of organizational culture, which means that they are part of their routines. The idea is to assess the productivity and performance of employees, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and encourage them to improve for the overall success and profitability of the companies. The routines are conducted to increase the workers’ expertise and competence in their assigned duties, which helps in career growth and development. Both domestic and multinational organizations perform performance evaluations. Yet, the structural differences of both entities mean that the performance evaluation processes vary. For example, all employees should be assessed, which means that companies should design uniform evaluation techniques to save time and ensure fairness. However, the approach does not fit all employees, and multinational structures complicate the process further as opposed to domestic ones based on cultural and legal differences. Therefore, different cultural values and legal requirements affect the performance evaluations for local and multinational companies. Although fairness and equality is significant factor for performance evaluation techniques, domestic and multinational companies have different systems since the one-size-fits-all method rarely functions adequately. While local companies can employ a standard procedure for assessing the performance of their employees, multinational companies operate in different areas, which means that a single method would be inappropriate. For instance, in multinational firms, departments may be found in different countries and fail to align with the positions of domestic companies. The variations mean that employees may have different outputs. For instance, since Microsoft Corporation operates in different countries, it employs flexible rather than rigid performance evaluation methods since business structures differ between states, such as China and the United States. When performing evaluations, the issue can lead to confusion, unfairness, and inconsistency, which is not the same case for domestic companies that have similar departments in one locality. Therefore, single performance assessment techniques work best for local companies, while multinational ones should employ approaches that fit their jurisdictions. Companies have different cultures, which means that ad
Introduction Prophecy is one of the oldest historical and religious aspects that are considerably adored and paranormal aspects in entire human life. Stated as one of the main spiritual gifts of the Holy Spirit, which is believed to have a greater connection with holiness, beliefs strongly deem prophecy as the most strongest and existing manifestation of the spirit of God through human beings. 1 Streaming from the biblical perspective, prophecy is a spiritual gift that involves divine inspiration and anointed utterance or even a paranormal proclamation by spiritually motivated individuals, seers, diviners, or prophet, with considerable impact on believers. However, in the Old Testament (OT), a prophet was not someone who was capable of predicting the future, but someone who prophetically announced the message of God. They were simply spokespersons of God. The prophets of the OT are sometimes referred to as the “conscience of Israel” and “guardians of covenant.” In response to these ideas, this essay seeks to explore the role of OT prophets by addressing the following aspects as depicted biblically. The relationship between the prophets and Mosaic Covenant The theological basis of the prophets indicates that one asp