ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Understanding the basis of a company’s lifecycle is critical for its successful operation. A company’s structure serves as the foundation for all of its actions, while its strategy serves as the blueprint for the foundation. However, strategy is what defines forward vision, while structure allows its proper execution. Strategy is more adaptable to the industry changes, as leaders incorporate new knowledge into the processes, forcing the structure to change accordingly (Muafi, Grabara, Sudiyarto, & Siswanti, 2019). However, structures without sufficient flexibility can be detrimental to such changes (Muafi et al., 2019). For example, prominent changes in Southwest Airlines’ top management positions imply significant adjustments in the company’s strategy (“Southwest Airlines announces several leadership changes,” 2019). Such periods can occur in many companies and are a regular part of a firm’s evolution and adaptation. The exemplary chief executive officer (CEO) that I believe possesses the qualities necessary for a company’s long-term success is Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX. His planning and forward-looking strategies provide these companies with a constant stream of investors and innovative ideas. Musk utilizes a scientific approach to strategy-making, which allows him to efficiently and gradually move forward with the wildest ideas his company presents (Torres, 2019). He poses questions to resolve, seeks credible supporting evidence sources, analyzes them, as well as their counterarguments, and only then proceeds with putting his plans to action (Torres, 2019). As a result of his actions, many projects of these companies are delivered later than expected, but they possess the quality that is rarely achieved by their competitors (Torres, 2019). Their success brought Musk worldwide celebrity status, as his concepts continue to shape the future of humanity through ideas that are worth waiting for. In conclusion, the structure of a company serves as the basis for its future success, while CEOs serve as those who choose the direction, pace, and speed for this structure to move forward.
There is a great deal of public discussion regarding sustainability in terms of population growth, changing food preferences, and the potential for negative impacts on agricultural production from climate change. Food preferences, at least, are a matter of personal choice and habit. Encouraging the development of food habits that will help offset the pressure on the food production system is one way to meet the challenges the world faces. These habits should ideally be formed in young adulthood. It is essential for people around the world to develop such habits. Having opinion leaders adapt to such living style and share it among his/her followers would double the effort of the adaptation and promotion of such living style. Colleges are an incubator for future opinion leaders. This essay suggests that colleges should teach their students about alternatives, which has the potential to help offset future crises in the food production system, to animal-sourced food. There is little argument that the world’s population has grown dramatically in the last several generations. The population is expected to continue growing without leveling off for many years (Buttriss 236). At some point, people would have to compete with food (or maybe change it to “animals or livestock?”) in terms of living space, and, thus, pressuring the food production system (Webber). The techniques of livestock husbandry have changed drastically as well. They have moved from small and dispersed to huge and centralized in response to market demands. The industrialization of livestock management is very harmful to the environment because, unlike traditional agriculture, where waste became fertilizer, it produces troublesome concentrations of wastes (The Government Office for Science)(Capper). In recent decades, the demand for and consumption of animal-sourced foods (milk, cheese, meat, fish) has increased, most dramatically in the developing countries. Increased affluence and emulation of western food habits have propelled this shift in diet (Capper 233). Is there should be a quotation mark? This stresses food production because it takes more energy resources to grow animal foods than plant foods. After all, livestock must consume plants that have already used energy resources in order to create protein and other nutrients (Webber). Climate change has made the immediate future of agriculture more challenging due to increasing temperatures and extreme weather patterns. While there is disagreement as to whether human activity is responsible for the observed changes, the reasons for the climactic upheaval are not necessarily relevant to this essay. The effects of climate change are discernable in phenomena such as increased pest activity and greater damage from violent storms. Rising ocean levels will obliterate agricultural acreage. (again, put quotation
The apparels industry is highly competitive; players in the industry need to use modern electronic business applications to remain competitive. Myer is an international merchandise store specializing more on apparels for men, women and children; the company has adopted effective e-commerce business application in the areas of sales, security, payments, and customer service. This paper discusses e-commerce business applications at Myer; it will concentrate on the use in security and payments. Security Business physical and information security is paramount for successful business operation; other than securing the business, the company has embarked on consumer security. By using computers, the company ensures that the entire place has been locked; they have alarmed padlocks and have a CCTV system that records everything that goes inside the shopping malls. In the security room, security managers to survey the entire mall and ensure that things are going according to the planned order use a screen CCTV system. In the screen, they can see someone stealing a commodity; they can note unattended shelves as well as stranded customers. In the company’s website, when a customer has purchased from the company, and probably wants some delivery, he is asked to give some private information to facilitate the transaction. It is the role of information security teams to ensure that such information is kept a secret and not be accessible to someone else. They do so by ensuring that no loophole in the website that can allow hackers to use the system access private information. Payments Though situated in Australia, Myer enjoys a large volume of international buyers; to facilitate trade, the company has developed a number of payments options opened to the customers. The systems are open even to local buyers in the efforts of making financial transitions as safe as possible. Some of the options that the company has incorporated are International money transfers acceptance: (EFTS) The company can give its bank account to international and domestic customers to send their money directly to the company’s account. This is seen as an instant practice that after the money has been received, the receiving bank communicates to the company instantly. The system is also used when the company is paying for international purchases and settling such bills. When making domestic payments including salaries, the system is also put into action. Before a transaction has been effected, it must be authorized by a senior officer in the company. Electronic checks The company accepts electronic checks made and supported by internationally recognized banks; this allows customers to get commodities before the maturity or the ch
Introduction The term macro in English language has its origin in the Greek language term makros which means large. Macroeconomics, therefore, studies economic problems from the point of view of entire economy such as aggregate consumption, aggregate employment, national income, and general price level of goods and services (Jain 2007, p. 4). It is the part of economics which studies the over all averages and aggregates of the economic system. In macroeconomics, attention is generally focused on such problems as the level of employment, the rate of inflation, the nation’s total output, and other matters of economic wide significance (Hansen 2003, p. 83). Ordinarily, therefore, macroeconomics is concerned with the economy as a whole or large segment of it. According to Cauvery (2007, p. 51), the scope of macroeconomics is the use of economic resources at the national level. Apparently, these are the very resources that have their effect on national income, employment, effective demand, aggregate saving, aggregate investment, price level, and the general economic development of a country. This paper discusses two main questions that are related to the subject of macroeconomics. The first part looks at what fiscal policy is and why fiscal deficits and increases in government debt occur. The second part then deals with why some governments have experienced sovereign debt crises and to what extent efforts to reduce government debt risk creating can double-dip recessions. Question 1a: Understanding Fiscal Policy and Why Fiscal Deficits and Increases in Government Debt Occur What is Fiscal Policy? According to Dwivedi (2010, p. 601), fiscal policy can be defined in general terms as a government’s program of making discretionary changes in the pattern and level of its expenditure, taxation, and borrowings in order to achieve certain economic goals such as economic growth, employment, income equality, and stabilization of the economy on the path to growth. Fiscal policy may also be regarded as any decision to change the level, composition, or timing of government expenditure or to vary the burden, structure or frequency of the tax payment (Shaikh 2010, p. 256). It is also the process of shaping taxation and public expenditure to help dampen the swings of the business cycle and contribute to the maintenance of a growing high employment economy that is free from high or volatile inflation. According to Jain (2007, p. 160), fiscal policy is the policy related to revenue and, expenditure of the government for achieving a set of definite objectives. Apparently, fiscal policy relates to treasury or government exchequer and its significance has greatly increased in the recent past. In summary, the role of fiscal policy is confined largely to stabilization of employment and price level. A narrow concept of fiscal policy is budgetary policy. Whilst budgetary policy refers to current reve
Abstract This experiment was aimed to solve the case of species substitution, in particular, it compared three samples, one of which was real crabmeat, the second one was an imitation, and the third one was not identified. Gel electrophoresis has been used to test this unknown sample. The proteins were separated according to their molecular weight. This empirical research demonstrated that the banding patterns of real and unknown samples coincided with one another, whereas the proteins of the third (fake) sample migrated differently. Apart from that, this study showed that the determination of species substitution normally requires the combination of various research techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy and immunological analysis. This eventually enables us to get more accurate results. This experiment has been beneficial to the extent that it provided deep insights into the peculiarities of chromatographic procedures, their limitations, and the guidelines which should be followed in order to attain accuracy. Introduction The experiment that has been carried out was aimed at determining the so-called species substitution. In particular, it was necessary to ascertain whether the unknown sample (allegedly of crabmeat) was real or imitation. For this purpose such a method as gel electrophoresis was used to separate proteins. The main task was to charge molecules and trace their migration patterns. On the whole, similar studies have already been conducted by other researchers, for example, by Javier Gayo et al (2006), who investigated the adulteration of crabmeat by means of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, a group of authors under the direction of Elena Dominguez also investigated species substitution by using immunological techniques. This problem attracted so much attention because such unlawful practices pursued by restaurant owners can greatly imperil the health of the visitors, as some of them may have an allergy to fish or other substitute products. Although it is too early to jump to any conclusion, it is possible to presume that the proteins of a fake sample will travel slower than real ones due to the differences in molecular weight. The next section will detail the specific procedures employed during the experiment. It is also of crucial importance to discuss this experiment in connection with other works, devoted to the study of protein separation and species adulteration. It is necessary to understand whether they are in league with one another or not. The key objective of this report is to understand how this experiment is related to such areas of study as chromatography and food forensics. Materials and methods As has been mentioned before, gel electrophoresis was used as the main research technique. Overall, it relies on the movement of ions in an elect
Lead-in statement Created by Aiden Platt, the presentation titled “Procurement: An Emerged Profession” concerned the specified phenomenon and covers the significance of procurement within an organization, as well as defines the role of the former in a company. Platt also discusses procurement methods as applied to a very specific area of entrepreneurship (i.e., the production and provision of liquor burners) 1 . Insights on topic of reflection The fact that the significance of negotiation is emphasized several times throughout the presentation leaves a lot of food for thoughts. I have always felt that negotiation affects the success of procurement strategies, yet I have never managed to put my finger on why it does. Therefore, when watching the presentation, I felt finally relieved, as the secret was eventually disclosed. Platt recognizes the significance of negotiation fully by mentioning the importance of negotiation in his presentation several times. The fact that negotiating allows for increasing the amount of orders processed from 25 to literally thousands per day 2 served as an eye-opened on the significance of negotiation in procurement for me. It seems that negotiation used to be taken for granted by most of the students up until the presentation in question changed their perception of the phenomenon, which impresses me beyond belief. Relation to theory/ Prior knowledge It would be wrong to claim that the presentation in question has broken new grounds in strategizing the company’s performance. Quite on the contrary, the significance of negotiation as an essential process in the company’s organizational and production processes has been discussed in a range of papers. For example, the article by Huang, Kauffman, Xu and Zhao mentions the need for a company to develop a viable negotiation strategy 3 , which allows fur suggesting that the issue raised by Platt has a solid theoretical basis. The theory of negotiation, in its turn, is quite old. Presupposing that the perfect approach towards negotiation (compromising) occurs at the cross-section of the four key strategies (competitive, integrative, avoiding and accommodating ones), the traditional Negotiation Theory allows for defining the method of communicating with the organization’s key stakeholders. Concept in future The information concerning
Introduction The war on drugs is often associated with controversy. Issues of gender and race have been raised on numerous occasions in the war against drugs. The war on drugs was declared in the United States over three decades ago, and individuals of color have been greatly affected by this war. The policies that have been put in place in the war on drugs have exhibited a discriminatory element. In particular, black women and individuals from the minority groups have been targeted in this war. In this case, such individuals are predisposed to harassment from the state officials. It can be noted that black women have been made to bear the brunt of police cruelties in the name of war on drugs. Considering the plight of black women in the war on drugs, this paper discusses the concept of war on drugs as the war against black women. The war on drugs as the war against black women The period between 1986 and 1991 was a critical time for the African American community as a whole. At this time, the community was facing a high amount of oppression making them take out their frustration on the use of drugs. Essentially, top of the list of substance abusers were the black females who recorded twice the number of drug offences compared to their male counterparts. Despite the high number of black women incarcerated for drug abuse, authorities do not place emphasis on this issue. Criminologists often focus on male oriented cases ignoring the plight of the female community. Feminists specialized in criminology have thus dubbed the exclusion of black female drug offenders as discriminatory policies. This has given rise the campaign that accuse criminologist on the war on drugs as the war against black women (Bush-Baskette, p. 5). The legislations on drugs have been known to affect the black women more than any other group. It has been established that the black women form the rapidly expanding population that is arrested on drug related offences. Notably, from the late 1980s, the number of black women who have been arrested on drug related offences increased by 800%. This was double the rate of women from other racial groups. In New York, the percentage of black women arrested on drug offences was over 90% while they make barely a third of the women population in the state (Bush-Baskette, p. 43). The early form of the war on drugs constituted of the arrest of low level drug users and dealers, as opposed to high-ranking people in the trade. This removed the attention from the drug lords who control the dynamics of the industry across the globe. Another issue regarding the control of drug use was the misrepresentation and improper recording of the people arrested. Fabricated statistics saw the Increase in the number of blacks arrested for the use of drugs and the decrease in the arrest of whites. This triggered a national out raw which advocated for the equal treatment of all races regarding the eradication of drugs. Women may get involved in drug dealings due to similar reasons as the male culprits. Nonetheless, there are certain gender-sp
The recent introduction of the Quadruple Aim approach emphasizes the importance of the healthcare system and healthcare workers. The goal of the approach includes improving job level satisfaction among healthcare employees. While implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) is considered a standard, the actual execution of EBP implementation has been inconsistent. This essay will analyze the connection between EBP and Quadruple Aim and determine whether the connection between the two matters is direct or indirect. The goal of Quadruple Aim is to acknowledge the effort the healthcare system puts into the other three aspects of the approach: population health, enhancing patient’s experience, and lowering the healthcare services costs. Quadruple Aim addresses the issue of healthcare workers being unsatisfied with their job due to workplace incivility, work overload, neglect, and disrespect (Sikka et al., 2015). Although the EBP might not touch on the subjects directly, there are some connecting points between the two subjects. The connection mainly appears because of the Quadruple Aim approach’s fourth point – the healthcare system is closely related to all the parts of the Triple Aim approach. Addressing the first point of the Quadruple Aim approach, patient experience, one could say that the EBP plays a significant part in the subjects. Although EBP’s goal is to improve the quality of healthcare services and patient outcomes, according to Kim et al. (2016), there is no correlation between the implementation of EBP to the improvement of patient outcomes. However, Crabtree et al. (2016) stand that implementation of EBP in some cases resulted in increased nurses’ confidence in performing a literature search and ability to analyze and evalu
The article “Prediction of Falls in Older Adults with Cancer: A Preliminary Study” by Overcash, J. (2007), establishes the extent to which falls transpire in older adult patients with cancer. The article has been a useful study in recognizing how falls relate to depression, age, functional status, and cognition and this helps in developing a model for forecasting falls. Statement of the problem Loiselle, C., & McGrath, J. states that the problem statement “articulates the problem to be addressed.” (2006, p.112). In a reflective evaluation of the article, it becomes clear that Overcash (2007) was able to affirm the problem undertaken for research in the very introduction itself. The author is effective in making, in unambiguous language, the exact pronouncement of the problem that the article deals with. One identifies the problem statement unambiguously as an exploration of “the frequency of falls that occurred in community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with cancer and how those falls related to scores on a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) consisting of depression, age, functional status, and cognition screening instruments.” ( Overcash, 2007) The problem defined in the article has great significance for nursing as the result of the study can contribute heavily towards the service of the nurses. As a result, nurses do need to know or recognize multifactorial risks and causes of falls in older adults, and it is necessary that nurses have the skills that help them to prevent falls and promote older adult’s health there is also an important relationship between the research problem, the paradigm, and methods used. The quantities approach seems to be most appropriate to the conclusion upon such a research problem and only a quantitative analysis of the samples and variables can establish the extent to which falls emerge in older adult patients with cancer. The analysis of a large number of samples incorporating 165 patients aged 70 years or older with any diagnosis of cancer, treatment type, and stage helps in the exact conclusions. Literature review An evaluation of the review of Literature would maintain that it is many sources are up-to-date, and few sources were dated back as far as 1970. It is based mainly on primary sources, though some more thorough review of the literature would authenticate the study. The incorporation of the latest literature also validates the arguments and definition of the problem. These include Feder, Cryer, Donovan, & Carter, 2000; Overcash, Beckstead, Extermann, & Cobb, 2005; Overcash, Beckstead, Moody, Extermann, & Cobb, 2006; Pluijm et al., 2006; Stevens, Powell, Smith, Wingo, & Sattin, 1997; Wolf et al., 2003; Chu, Chiu, & Chi, 2006; Cesari et al., 2002; Sheeran, Brown, Nassisi, & Bruce, 2004; Turcu et al., 2004; Kose, Cuvalci, Ekici, Otman, & Kara