ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is generally accepted that watching a movie is a singularly visual experience. However, music plays a significant role in how films are perceived as it creates mood and initiates an emotional response. The listener does not need to know the artist or the orchestra playing the music to understand its meaning in a particular scene. This paper provides an analysis of how film scores performed by orchestral instruments change over time using the examples of movies. The report also discusses how various musical elements are utilized differently and evolve in the music scores. The paper concludes that orchestral film scores have changed significantly over time and become more diversified. The History of Film Scores and the Use of Instruments The first films that had musical accompaniments are dated 1895, when the Lumiére family screened their early works, including Sortie des Usines Lumière à Lyon , in Paris (Salmi 8). In America, the first films started to emerge from the beginning of the 1900s. It is evident that there is a significant difference between the scores used in modern cinema and the music composed during the early history of film music. Devairakkam-Brown notes that in the late 1800s, film scores were so-called “music attractions”, to which the audience could sing along (4). Typically, early film screenings had small orchestras or pianists playing along with the movie. The early music accompaniment was not necessarily related to the film and could be different at every performance. When the length of films started to grow, the scores also enhanced. For example, although at first the accompaniment was mainly performed by piano, violins, cellos, and other instruments were introduced with time (Salmi 8). Truelove reports that, currently, violins have become particularly present as a part of scores (1). For example, Song of Love (1
As a zero-emission energy source of high density, nuclear power is harmless to air quality and does not require big land spaces. Moreover, it produces enormous amounts of energy with minimal waste. However, the use of uranium constitutes a danger to the environment. People working with nuclear power need to follow safety regulations to avoid accidents and health problems. The use of this power source is mostly reflected in national and international policies rather than local legislation. For example, nations define their energy use standards and provide emission and fiscal control. Since accidents and the unwise use of nuclear power negatively influence the net gain, these regulations help reduce the waste of finance. On the international level, it is necessary to allocate nuclear and financial resources equally to avoid the military use of nuclear energy and increase the global “clean” energy production over the long run. The multi-level governance may impede the effective use of natural resources. For example, since oceans are controlled by both states and non-governmental organizations, consequent conflicts concerning the use of ocean water can emerge. This problem is closely related to the multi-governance of fisheries, which leads to the unregulated use of fish resources. Forrest markets also exist on the local, regional, and global levels and are associated with complex trade networks. The solutions are connected with the strict policies defining the rights of all parties. For example, it is possible to establish marine protected areas. International organizations, such as Global Fishing Watch, may increase ocean surveillance and raise public awareness about decentralization and globalization problems. Finally, it would be appropriate to provide better state control over the forest and land resources. In this case, the roles and rights of stakeholders would be more definite. Common pool resources (CPR) are goods or products that are subject to overuse, and therefore, may lead to the conflict of individual and group interests. Negative externalities are another economic term, which means that the consumption or production of a certain product imposes external costs for third parties. The problem of air pollution demonstrates both notions in the sphere of sustainability and ecological policy-making. For ex
The type of industry and the size of a business normally influences the business strategies that are likely to be in place in order to realize the business goal. The type of the industry influences the business strategies in the following ways: Various industries are characterized by specific features which make them unique and distinguishable from the other industries. This uniqueness call for definite strategies in order to attain the business goals and this uniqueness are identifiable in the input requirements, the demand pattern, the market structure and the production procedures. A business always requires a supply of some inputs that are meant to sustain its operations ranging from raw material to stock depending on the type of business. Therefore a business type will command its requirements thus need to be factored in designing business strategies as various requirements needs varied procedures in meeting them. Different businesses products normally have varied demand patterns where demand can be spread depending on seasons or depending on the age structure. This requires a business to have distinct strategies depending on the demand pattern, as products vary from one industry to another and their demand trended in different patterns. The nature of the production process also varies from one industry to another, which makes it necessary for each and every industry to have distinct strategic plans thus the type of industry dictating the business strategy. The Size of the industry influences the business strategy on the level of both input and output that need to be met in an attempt to arrest the market demand. Reference VanDen A., 1997, Perspectives on Strategy: Contribution of Michael E., Springer Publishers, pp 44.
Abstract This paper delves into the concept of the story “The Old Man and the Sea” being connected to man’s fight against old age and time. Introduction When examining the story “The Old Man and the Sea” by Ernest Hemingway, readers would be hard pressed to find a single theme that can be considered as the main point of the novel. For example, it can be stated that the novel delves into the concept of the desire for acceptance as exemplified by the character of Santiago who was a Spaniard trying to integrate himself into the local culture of Cuba (Hemingway, 1952). On the other end of the spectrum it could also be stated that the novel itself delves into the philosophical and the metaphysical as exemplified by the scenes wherein Santiago considered the marlin as a brother or when he delved into a distinct introspection about his life and how he got to where he was. It can also be stated that the novel itself has distinct religious overtones as evidenced by Santiago’s reference to the crucifixion in the scene where the sharks came to eat the body of the marlin. Yet, despite the sheer amount of possible references, it is the belief of the reader that this novel delves into the way in which the concept of man fights against the inevitable passage of time. Man and Time When examining the novel there are several pivotal scenes that exemplify the concept of man fight against time, these are: a.) Santiago’s fight with the Marlin b.) His desire to end his unlucky streak c.) His stubbornness to simply not cut the line d.) Refusing to show his illness to Manolin. The events can be considered as character traits that many among the elderly possess wherein they attempt to fight against time. For example the stubbornness of Santiago to not cut the line is the same type of stubbornness seen by many of those with advanced ages wherein they refuse to give up certain activities despite the health risk involved. Refusing to show signs of illness is also a trait shared by Santiago and the elderly as well as the desire to end “their unlucky streaks” by accomplishing new activities. What must be understood is that while the age of Santiago is not outright stated, it can be seen within the novel that he has advanced considerably in age. The fact that he has not been able to catch fish is more likely due to his advanced age hampering his capabilities rather than through bad luck. It is based on this that his desire to end his unlucky streak is actually his desire to actively pursue activities that his advanced age would otherwise not permit. Thus, Santiago’s fight against the marlin is actually symbolic of how the some people fight against the passage of time. His stubbornness, determination and unwillingness to give up are all aspects shared by people in similar positions. This can be seen right till the end wherein Santiago refused to let Manolin know of his illness. In the end it can be assumed that Santiago, like all others before him, lost his battle with time and died, stubborn till the end. Conclusion Overall, it can be stated that this story was one that delved into the concept of man and time and h
Background This research was conducted to provide detailed information on system development with special emphasis on queuing theory. The introduction is an overview of interactive processes to system development, system efficiency, and the Markovian distribution model. Theoretical and practical approaches to system design and in particular practical situations where customers waited for long in a queue to be served formed the basis of the research. Of interest was the waiting time a customer spent in a queue to be served in the post office. Customers who called in at the post offices experienced the problem of staying for many hours in long queues before they were served. In particular, the focus was on service provision by post office clerks. The time taken by a clerk to serve a customer determines a customer’s contribution to the business. Despite the fact that several factors determined customer service rates, the basic ones included customer arrival time, customer service time, the state of the queue whether empty or occupied and the number of servers. The possibility of designing a system that works efficiently by maximizing available resources while improving system performance was key to conducting the research. A cost-effective model could be recommended based on the research for performance enhancement and resource optimization. Problem The researcher identified the problem of time spent by customers waiting in a queue to be served to be too long translating to a loss of time and income. This translated to customer dissatisfaction, inefficient resource utilization and allocation, poor system performance, and loss in profits due to reduced customer and clerk contributions to the business. Objectives The main objective was to identify system variables that could be manipulated to achieve the following:   * Effective resource allocations   * Resource optimization   * Improved system performance   * Increased employee contributions Introduction System engineering is an interdisciplinary approach to system development incorporating interactive activities in system development. These activities provide an overview of the scope of system engineering activities. System scope activities include system life cycle integration, planning lifecycle, development phases, system baselines, system engineering processes, integrated teaming, and system engineering management. System elements interact to achieve a system’s objectives. System efficiency, therefore, counts on the ability of a system to optimize its resources in minimizing service time spent on a job or customer. Customer arrival times are distributed randomly, but waiting and service times can be analyzed based on data collected from the post office case study. To efficiently provide services for customers, customers are served in a queue. This research is based on analyzing queuing systems with special emphasis on M/M/1 queuing model (M/M/1 Queueing System 1). Systems can be designed after several models, but the M/M/1 model is the simplest model which relates t
The situation in which child labor may be considered a relatively beneficial alternative raises a difficult ethical dilemma. Theoretically, it is easy to imagine the situation where allowing a young orphan to work in a factory presents her with better opportunities for well-being than insisting on the prohibition (Powell, 2014). However, the options of the executive in the described situation are fairly limited. The main issue is the existence of an unambiguous prohibition of child labor within the company. Therefore, it would be impossible for an executive to neglect the situation without the risk of putting the corporate image of the organization at risk. Besides, regardless of the truthfulness of the plant manager’s claims, the possibility remains that the girl’s working conditions are inadequate to the degree that negates the hypothetical benefits of her employment. However, the regulations adopted by the International Labor Organization (ILO) contain several exceptions that allow children younger than 16 to be legally employed in developing countries. First, the basic minimum age, defined by the age required for compulsory schooling, can be as low as 14 in several instances (ILO, n.d.). More importantly, if the work done by children can be considered of no threat to their health, safety, and educational or training opportunities, the minimal age goes two years down, bringing the possible minimum age down to 12 years. If I as an executive have an opportunity to definitively verify whether the girl performs light work and is not put at any meaningful risk, I would then be able to approve the employment of the girl as subject to the ILO exception. Such approval could not be considered illegal, would be consistent with the social and ethical norms, and ensure the best possible outcome for the girl.
Executive Summary The process of recruiting, selecting and evaluating employees for this project will take an approach that would enhance success for the project awarded to DataCo by the government of Singapore. Singapore Elite HR Company has been keen to ensure that it balances the projects needs and the law and regulations in this country. This assessment team was keen to ensure that employees with the desired skills and ability to perform are the ones selected in this project. It is through this that the project can be considered a success. In this project, Elite will ensure that employees that DataCo require in different position are gotten using a competitive process. Also important is to ensure that this recruitment process is done within the budget limits. This would help ensure that the entire process is undertaken within the expectations of DataCo. The evaluation process would further enhance the ability of the management and the hired employees to work in an integrated environment where giving directions would be easier. Introduction Human resource forms an important aspect of any project. According to Boselie 1 , for any project to succeed, there must be a carefully selected workforce that will carry out various duties within the project. This scholar further reiterates the importance of selecting the workforce that understands the project properly as a way of making work easier, and cutting such costs as that which would be incurred when the workforce has to undergo some form of training in order to understand the requirements of the project. DataCo must realize these facts in order to succeed in this massive project that has been awarded by the government of Singapore. This two year project should be carefully planned by having the right workforce that will be able to meet the targets set by the project management team. As Singapore Elite HR Company, we offer a solution to DataCo by helping in the selection of the most appropriate workforce that will be able to help this firm meet its objectives. Given that the positions have already been identified, Singapore Elite HR Company has a comprehensive plan on how to select various officers depending on the importance of the office. According to Budhwar 2 , every level of office has a different selection plan that is most appropriate. This scholar says that the selection procedure used when hiring a secretary will always be different from that used when hiring a projects manager. Singapore Elite HR Company took this into consideration when coming up with this plan. All the planed recruitments are expected to be complete by 1 st June 2013. This project must be based on the budget of $65,000 which has been assigned to it. Job and Person Descriptions According to Cutcher 3 , before determining w
The Relationship of Jehovah’s Witness and the Country of Germany Prior to the establishment of the Nazi regime within Germany, the relationship between members of Jehovah’s Witness and Germany was strained. This was due to several reasons with one of them being the fact that the members of the religion were often thought of as heretics by the mainstream Protestant and Catholic churches at the time (Article 1). Other reasons came in the form of the door to door preaching being conducted by members of Jehovah’s Witness which government officials often sought to limit due to it being compared to illegal peddling (Article 1). The relationship between Germany and Jehovah’s Witness further deteriorated at the advent of the Nazi regime wherein the former actively sought to ban all activities done by the members of the latter which culminated in thousands of members of Jehovah’s Witnesses being sent to concentration camps (Article 1). Response to Escalating Persecution The concept of “spiritual resistance” in the case of members of Jehovah’s Witness during the era of the Nazis in Germany focused primarily on continuing the acts associated with their faith despite the persecution they were up against. This took the form of underground pamphlets and leaflets that were produced and distributed by members of Jehovah’s Witness in order to spread their faith despite the bans being put in place despite such actions (Article 1). Other manifestations of this “spiritual resistance” came in the form of bible meetings and secret gatherings where members of the faith could convene and carry out their religious observances. This was in direct violation of the Nazi edict that such gatherings were illegal yet they were carried out anyway due to their desire to continue to practice their faith (Article 1). Lastly, when they were placed in concentration camps, members of Jehovah’s Witness continued to act in a stoic and peaceful fashion and did not actively resist the guards. While most may view this as subservience, in reality they were merely practicing the tenets of their faith and even continued to try to convert people while they were in prison (Article 1). Avoiding Persecution When examining the article, it becomes immediately apparent that members of Jehovah’s Witness could have completely avoided their fate if they had simply renounced their religious beliefs. It should also be noted that as soldiers of Jehovah’s army they could not bear arms for any single nation which resulted in numerous members being ostracized for not being “nationalistic enough” (Article 1). Other notable instances which showcase instance
Introduction The French wine industry is respected for its competitiveness and its lead position within the global market (Heien & Martin, 2003), (Anderson, 2004). In terms of the market share, French wine has been known to take up the largest portion; it currently stands at approximately seventeen percent of all the world’s wines. Spain and Italy are some of the few wine producing nations that have come close to reproducing France’s success. The latter country has secured such a position in the industry due to its high quality brands. Some of the common names include Champagne and Bordeaux (Jenster, 1993). However, Auriol et al. (2004) and Orange.com (2006) point out that recent trends may give France a reason to worry over the possibility of maintaining this position. Not only does the country rely on the wine industry for economic stability, it also considers wine to be an essential part of its culture. It must therefore work towards reorganizing itself and getting back the market share it is loosing to other competitors. One way of achieving this is through first understanding what could have led to the drop of French wine in the industry. Literature review Warren and Melewar (2006) carried out a comprehensive research on the French wine industry. Their interest was to determine how the poor performance of the French wine industry was related to marketing failure. The researchers looked at the French wine industry through an analysis of English and French literature as a well as a small analysis of current drinking habits. It was found that independent wine producers were having a difficult time in marketing their product because they did not have the leverage that older wine makers did. Additionally, it was found that there were problems with overall marketability of French wines because instead of integrating into local cultures, most French wines were marketed on the basis of the country of origin. While this piece was very insightful, it mostly focused on marketing. There is a need to look at a more comprehensive outlook on poor performance of French wine in
Introduction America has been, over the past year, faced with a critical shortage of nursing services which is expected to get worse in the near future (Andrews & Dziegielewski, 2005). It is expected that if this problem is not resolved the soonest possible, the demand for nursing services would exceed the supply for the same by the year 2020 (Health Resources and Services Administration, 2002). Thus, sustaining sufficient numbers of proficiently trained and off course registered nurses, is a critical action for nursing leaders in any institution, especially putting into consideration the previously mentioned expected shortage of nursing services. Nursing turnover has, over the past years, been affected by the ever increasing priority regarding work-related stress and job dissatisfaction which has, consequently, influenced nurses’ intentions forcing them to leave their positions for other preferable career opportunities (O’Brien-Pallas, Murphy, Shamian, Li & Hayes, 2010). The nursing shortage emphasizes a greater need to better understand how to retain nurses in long-term positions. Much of the published research about nurse retention has focused on reasons which force nurses to leave their jobs rather than what can be done to make them stay in long-term employment. Nurse retention may be better understood from the perspective of nurses who have stayed in healthcare institutions for long periods of time. Previous studies have focused on the impact as well as the key determinants of nurse turnover (Ambur, Palumbo, McIntosh & Mongeon, 2003; Bij, Kummerling, van Dam, Estryn-Behar & Hasselhorn, 2010; Morgan & Lynn, 2009; O’Brien-Pallas et al., 2010) The purpose of this study, therefore, is to use the method of grounded theory research to discover and analyze the reasons why registered nurses choose to stay for long term employment within the same institution as well as providing an insightful perspective on retention of registered nurses. However, the data that will be collected but does not support long term employment will be addressed at the conclusion of this paper and can be used later for further research in the future on related topics. Literature Review The review of literature will focus on previous research on provision of nursing services and other professions that address key determinants associated with long-term employment. Literature review will help in identifying gaps in the literature. Methodology As discussed earlier, the aim of this study is to discover the experienced nurses who chose to serve long-term employment and remain within the same institution for fifteen or more years. The research study utilized grounded theory methodology. Grounded theory is particularly useful in shedding new light in areas where little is known in the field. It is through this proce