ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
To analyze current policies aimed at addressing the opioid crisis, describe examples of the crisis, and suggest a few options to help solve the problem to the community. A stakeholder group of people in the community, including local policymakers, leaders, and concerned citizens. The United States of America is experiencing a severe crisis of opioid abuse. In 2019 alone, opioids took the lives of 50,000 Americans, and the economic burden from the problem is about $78.5 billion a year (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2021). This issue concerns many stakeholders, from society and medical staff to individual policymakers and representatives of various structures like the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Although different structures and organizations are making many efforts to stop the crisis, communities can also significantly contribute to solving the problem. Everyone present here can learn and do more than now, and then together community will save more lives. Today, I will present a description and analysis of policies against the opioid crisis, consider examples of the crisis, and propose several measures and actions that communities can take in this fight. It is important to say that there are several main directions for political action in the fight against the opioid crisis. Key actors such as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) prioritize the following:   * Improved access to treatment, prevention, and recovery services;   * Promote the availability and use of drugs that prevent overdoses;   * Healthcare surveillance for transparent reporting and collection of data to better understand the situation;   * Support research in understanding pain and safe methods of its management;   * Promoting different pain reduction methods (Collins, 2017; NIDA, 2021). Most organizations involved in the fight against the crisis are focused on the mentioned goals. Organizations include Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), CDC, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and other entities. Some organizations add their own goals; for instance, the Healthcare Fraud Preve
Introduction The world of business lives according to its rules and laws, and there are certain periods, usually connected with inflation and financial instability when such important aspects of the business as audit face the necessity of reforming and restructuring. The current paper considers the case study of one of the numerous savings and loans (S&Ls) in the United States in the 1980s. The research of the Lincoln Savings and Loan Company allows a better understanding of the audit practices used in business on the whole and real estate transactions in particular. The major focus of this paper is the critical analysis of the audit procedures that Lincoln Savings and Loan applied in its business relations with Wescon and Emerald Homes companies. Analysis of Auditing Procedures Description Thus, when dealing with Wescon, Lincoln Savings and Loan auditors relied on their knowledge of SFAS 66 requirements and studied the company’s documents for conformance to the above requirements and the possibility for the full profit recognition of the Wescon transaction. As well, the auditors studied the Wescon transaction’s structure and concluded that the down payment of 25% conforms to SFAS standards and respectively the transaction’s profit can be fully recognized (Erickson, Mayhew, Felix, 1999, p. 15). The auditing of the Emerald Homes transaction involved the combination of the EITF 86-29 and SAFS 66 criteria applied to the transaction, its terms, down payment share, and the investigation of the possibility of the transaction financing by EH (Erickson, Mayhew, Felix, 1999, pp. 15 – 16). Critical Analysis At first sight, the auditing procedures used by Lincoln Savings and Loan auditors rise no controversy and seem to be proper, but a more detailed consideration leads the analysis into doubts about the actuality of the claims made by the sides that allegedly illegally participated in Wescon’s and Emerald Homes’ transaction financing. In other words, what differs the procedures implemented by Lincoln Savings and Loan auditors from the traditional auditing is their belief in the above-mentioned possible financers without actual checking of the transactions’ history and tracing of the funding flows in and out Wescon and Emerald Homes. Thus, apart from the evident proper structure of the auditing procedures used, the lack of investigation and excessive reliance upon the comp
Problems faced by HMC and measures taken Since its inception, Hyundai Motor Company has encountered numerous challenges both in the local and foreign market. The company was established under the authoritarian leadership of Ju-Young Chung. Consequently, the Chung family assumed the responsibility of making all the decisions affecting the company. One of the challenges that the company encountered both in local and foreign markets was the decision-making process. The success of any organisation dwells on the ability by the management team to make informed decisions. The executives ought to have a chance to present their opinions on matters affecting the organisations. At the beginning, the leadership of HMC denied the executive a chance to share their ideas on how to manage the company. Hence, the company could not benefit from the wide knowledge and expertise that most of its professional managers possessed. Chung fired all the executive members that opposed his decisions and replaced them with others who showed veritable loyalty to him. Later, Ju-Young handed over the leadership baton to his younger brother who made efforts to enhance the leadership culture of the company. He promoted autonomous management coupled with equal opportunity and called for harmonious human relations in the company. Unfortunately, he introduced these aspects at a time when Korea was also experiencing political democratisation. In spite of the positive changes made by Ju-Young’s brother, the company suffered from numerous labour-management disputes. The company saw its first labour union established in 1987, which was responsible for presenting employee complaints and bargaining for better employment terms on behalf of the employees. Disagreements between the leadership and labour union led to strikes in 1987 and 1988, which pushed the company into huge loss. In 1997, the company suffered liquidity crisis because of the financial crisis that swept across the East Asia. Moreover, Hyundai group had to restructure its business in line with the International Monetary Fund policies. The restructuring process subjected the company to public distrust as it involved allocating most of the company’s properties to the Chung family instead of coming up with novel management strategies. In the United States, Hyundai Motor America started at a high note, but later its performance plummeted. At the beginning, the Americans associated the company with Japan; hence, they freely purchased its cars leading to high sales volume recorded during the early days of HMA. Nonetheless, it did not take long before people learnt that HMA’s car, the Excel, had immense quality problems. The car started exhibiting engine failure and some of its components, as air conditioners did not function properly not to mention its body, which rusted fast. In 1989, the sales volume for Excel went down significantly, which left the company in huge losses. In the process, the dealer profit went down with numerous dealerships closing do
Hate Crimes The nature of hate crimes has been a topic of many debates. Because hate crimes are associated with the violation of the First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and association, it is believed that the motive for hate crimes is a crime itself. For example, if a person beats another person for disliking his or her soccer team, such a crime will be considered a regular battery. However, if a person beats another for disliking his or her religious beliefs, such a crime will be considered a hate crime because of the ‘thin line’ that differentiates motives for hate crimes (Gerstenfeld, 2013). Therefore, depending on the motive, hate crimes can be considered crimes or deviant behaviors. Guilty Act, Guilty Mind, and Concurrence. Deviant Behavior Definition and Why It Could Be Criminal Crimes usually occur when two elements of ‘guilty mind’ and ‘guilty act’ combine. A guilty mind implies an intent to commit a crime while a guilty act implies the actual performance of the crime. Concurrence is the combination of these two aspects. Deviant behavior is any conduct that does not correspond with the socially accepted norms. Thus, deviant behavior can be considered a form of ‘rule-breaking’ conduct. However, because social norms change with time, the definition of deviant behavior may also change. Deviant behavior can be criminal because it can violate other people’s rights and cause harm to their safety. Criminal Act VS Deviant Act There is a line that differentiates deviant behavior from criminals. When comparing the two phenomena, it is important to remember that criminal behavior is conduct that breaks the legal frameworks while deviant behavior is conduct that is not accepted by the society. Therefore, conduct considered deviant by some people may not be considered deviant by others because of the different societal standards. Criminal behavior is not something that should be analyzed by the society. Illegal conduct is always considered criminal and is punished by the law. For example, some people may regard having large body tattoos as deviant behavior, even though it does not break the law. On the contrary, others may see nothing wrong with driving a car in the intoxicated state while it is a crime by law. By definition, any type of criminal activity is deviant behavior; however, not all forms of deviant behavior are criminal. The Importance of Differentiating Criminal and Deviant Behavior Current U.S. laws, although varying from state to state, allow for the federal prosecution of hate crimes that attacked citizens’ First Amendment rights (freedom of race, religion, disability, sexual identity, and others). It is crucial to differentiate between deviant behavior and criminal behavior to make sure that only criminal conduct is prosecuted. Because the First Amendment rights support one’s freedom of expression, prosecuting conduct that is not accepted by some individuals can be considered the violation of these
Introduction Currently, Brazil is the leading coffee producer in the world (Santos). Furthermore, it is the second largest consumer of coffee after the United States, and has more than 300,000 coffee farms. This implies that Brazil enjoys over five million jobs which are generated by coffee production. Brazil is the only coffee producing country where coffee is no longer grown primarily for export as a major source of income, as in all the other coffee producing countries, but rather for internal consumption. While almost 70% of Americans drink coffee regularly, in Brazil, this rate is above 90% increasing. Brazil offers all the types and qualities of coffee desired by consumers: Arabica and Robusta, natural, pulped naturals and washed coffee, single – origin coffee, an immense number of varietals, custom – made blends, volumes both large and small, and niche products (specialty, organic and certified coffee). This great diversity is the result of cultivation at varying latitudes and in different attitudes, soils, and climates. Brazilians consume locally many of the best coffees in the world. The Brazilian Coffee Association (ABIC) undertakes many unique and successful campaigns to provide Brazilians with coffee of all kinds, varieties, blends, and types, always with a rigorous control of coffee purity and quality, as well as with the most appropriate and healthy roasting. ABIC has set up the Coffee Quality Program where consumers have the freedom to choose from three major coffee options: traditional, superior, or gourmet. The PQC is also a program for the education of consumers with regard to coffee consumption; when consumers are better informed, they consume more and seek products with higher added value and a good cost benefit ration. A major focus is given to the healthy properties of coffee by having medically qualified properties of coffee by having medically qualified professionals to advise the Brazilian coffee industry, something unique and pioneering in the world, making this one important factor for the increasing coffee consumption observed in Brazil over the past fifteen years (Santos). There is some Brazilian coffee in almost every espresso you drink and in most canned coffee and major roasters’ blends (Talbot). Coffee from Brazil has delighted the world for many years, bringing with it the contagious joy of its people, their colorfulness, their tastes and their smells. Anyone who experiences the pronounced aroma and characteristics of Brazilian coffee cannot help but fall in love. Brazilian coffee requires a lower initial roasting temperature, since this far healthier than over roasted or very dark roasted coffee. Lots of people prefer a really good natural dry process – more cream, more chocolate, more body, and some fruit note. Quality of the Brazilian Coffee There is a great effort being made on behalf of Brazilian coffee as exquisite and distinctive specialty – level coffee. For more than a century, coffee was the country’s most sign
Climate change is a phenomenon threatening the well-being among people due to the negative attributes to the environment. It is a concept that is evident in Australia after research indicated that a higher percentage of young Chinese-Australian students agree that different factors contribute to the change in frequency of natural events. In an exercise, out team focused on assessing the opinion from other individuals, that is, the target population was the Chinese-Australians to the necessity of media representations of the emergent phenomenon. According to CSIRO (2021), it is the responsibility of the Australian national government to implement strategies that alleviate the repercussions of human activities. The media significantly contributes to the creation of awareness, thus the importance of integrating the role of the news press with sustainability practices. The solution to climatic change depends on the effectiveness on integrate the principles of protecting habitats with daily human activities such as agriculture and trading practices. Impact of Human Activities to Environmental Principles and Sustainability Development Goals on Alleviating Climate Change Environmental law is an entity that seeks to address the main consequence of human activities to nature and biodiversity, that is, climatic change. Garmestani et al. (2019) argues that the framework bridges a gap between human lifestyle and the nature. In a research, it is argued that evolution demands the change in the governance mainly through the Act both local and internation
Introduction In this essay, I would evaluate the topic of censorship when seen through the background of an independent novel. The book of my choice is Fahrenheit 451 which is a mix of fantasy and fiction written by Ray Bradbury. The subject deals with a dystopian American social order of the future which is erratically consumed by profligacy and self-indulgence. As a result, the ruling elite considers the dissemination of intelligent ideas as a burden for a society that prompts it to wage a formal war against all works of literature including the Bible (Dennis, p. 12). In order to suppress intellectual thoughts, the ruling elite has enlisted the support of firemen whose job is to seize books that have been deemed illegal, and burn them down (Bradbury, p. 6). Since most people belonging to this era have little understanding or respect for the importance of books, they do not question the decisions of the ruling elite. Censorship, thus, becomes the norm of the times (the period in this 1951 novel has been set somewhere in the 1990s). Significance of censorship In this novel, I would take a closer look into how the instrument of censorship as documented in the novel, becomes a catalyst for wielding unlimited government control. Ironically, the novel was written in a period when the United States and its allied Western governments had upped the ante against Communism while clambering up a wall of accusations that tried to expose Soviet-style governments as states that sponsor censorship, and suppress the rights of citizens. Clearly, the intention of Bradbury was to throw subtle hints on why Western governments weren’t doing any better. As the novel unfolds, the reader is introduced to subtle hints used by the author suggesting the sweeping unrest that had become the norm among the masses in Western-ruled countries after World War II (which was the most effective period of censorship in those times). Characters of the novel Fahrenheit 451 The main protagonist of the novel is Guy Montag, a fireman whose job like others, is to burn books without questioning the impact of his decision. In fact, the man who is portrayed as an average nice person, even takes hidden pleasure in his acts, “There is a thing about burning. It is so fine…complete…so beautiful” (Bradbury, p. 5). The intention here is to show the level of brainwashing that a ruling government can impose on ordinary citizens by effectively wielding the tool of censorship. Basically, what unfolds here is that an average person
Introduction The linguistic elements of translation revolve around the association between grammar and pragmatics with subdivision in the areas of semantics. The inclusion of morphology and syntax in this context is considered important because the final stages in the translation process require that meaning should not be lost and that the translation should not be far from the original meaning in the translated word or sentences. Moreover, the subfield of discourse analysis provides the key entry-level for linguists interested in translation with applications of pragmatics (Malmakjaer 43). The problem in linguistic aspects of translation A problematic point exists in deforming tendencies inherent in most prose translations. Jakobson (1) raises the common problem that most translators and linguists face in the process of translating words or sentences from one language to another. He proceeds to include very many other linguistic values of phrases and sentences that are unavoidably excluded during translation. The translation is extremely important in conveying messages across people who do not have a common dialectic language. However, its tendency to mismatch the meaning of the original message (in this case the source) with the language of the recipient (the target) pose a serious problem to linguists who find it extremely challenging to restore such values as rhymes, lack of symbols and symbolic meanings of words and sentences involved in the translation (Malmakjaer 87). Many of the problems emanate from traditional natural language. For instance, the use of nouns while referring to an object causes dispute across different cultures and societies. For example, in the French language, whenever a person mentions an object, he or she has to precede such an object with either a female article or male article as a precursor to the object mentioned. On the other hand, in the English language, a preceding article is not always necessary (Malmakjaer 14). The problem, therefore, arises when say, an interlocutor translates from English to French and is not sure when referring to a person whether he could be male or female in the first case because English failed to provide the direction in the first place. Another common problem faced by linguists in translation is direct translation which arises due to the lack of equivalent words carrying the same weight. In this case, the degree of association of the recipient of a message from its original version is often mutilated so that it ends up as diluted at the target point. Where translation is done by an eloquent and competent bilingual translator, symbols are used to make th
Introduction In the modern society, the business climate in every sector is constantly evolving putting the management on its toes. The hospitality industry has been no exception from these changes. In the business environment, transition from a commercial climate to a consumer centered market produces the largest effect. In other words, price, quality and performance of goods and services within a company were determined by the expenses incurred in production without considering the consumer needs. This happened because of monopoly; for example, when a firm is the sole provider of electricity within a country, it charges the service without considering consumers’ expectations. While this continues to be the case for monopolistic market, the business world has drastically changed. The changes in the business environment are placing enormous pressure on the management. In fact, there is a different criteria being used to evaluate the effectiveness of a manager. In a struggle to survive, managers have to constantly deal with competition and the global environment. While at one hand the factors in the global environment may have increased the number of customers, on the other hand, resources and budgets are being reduced. This is imposing tension forcing management to adopt new operation management approaches i.e. reducing the input while extracting resources (Boaz 2008). For example, in the hospitality industries, due to globalization and an increase in demand for accommodation, hotels are being forced to increase their accommodation rooms output with the same resources but with an improved performance accompanied by more quality services. Operation management is not dependant on improved technology or the employment of more skilled workers. It depends on the adoption of strategies that are applicable in a certain business environment. For instance Safaris five star hotel success does not depend on improved technology; it depends on evaluation of the current consumer needs and the business environment in order to come up with an effective strategy for success (Boaz 2008). The hotel hospitality industry has been drastically transformed in the recent years leading to a massive shift in the operation management. Adoption of a global perspective Safari five star hotel Company has shifted its operation management to adopt a global perspective. This has entailed considering a decision in view of the whole picture rather than making a decision from one point of view. Viewing operation management from a g