ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Internal/Insider Threats There are multiple types of insider or internal threats in the IT infrastructure. First of all, many companies’ data is threatened by the actions of former workers willing to take revenge. CSO reports that most companies that face this threat are unaware of what information they need to protect and do not dissect the data (Hatchimonji par. 10-13). Prevention strategies for this threat are data encryption and leak prevention. Secondly, malicious insiders present a threat to the corporate data and are a source of a large percent of all the information treats (Hatchimonji par. 5). An example of such activities is the illegal manipulations of the employees. The third example is the actions of clients who have access to data at the employee level. The fourth example of a potential insider threat is the theft of a laptop with corporate data and access and allows an outsider to use protected data (Franqueira, Cleef, Eck, and Wieringa 1). Finally, viruses penetrating the company systems from the inside are also recognized as an insider threat. Data Centers Fire and floods are common threats to data centers, the sites that are crucial for any organization. There are multiple ways to address these threats. For instance, to keep data centers from fire and flood, they are located in the specifically constructed areas with raised floors and reception rooms so that they can withstand a threat (Engemann and Henderson 77; CPNI 9). Besides, the areas where the centers are situated are equipped with detectors and alarms that warn the staff about the approaching threat in a form of water or fire. The combination of the two protection measures helps the employees to localize and prevent the threats before they reach the centers and cause damage. External Threats External threats are represented by the deliberate attacks on the networks initiated by the intruders willing to gain access to data. The first example of an outsider threat is a hacker motivated to take over the protected data. Another example, if the user of the LAN that has restricted access to certain equipment – such an individual may pose an outside threat (Bishop 498). Also, some passive attackers endanger information tracking its users or viewing secure data. Fourth, the organized crime groups pose another external threat to protected data. Finally, governmental entities, penetrating the encrypted networks are regarded as external threats. Motivation External threats can emanate from accidental or deliberate human action. As mentioned in the example in the section above, a user of LAN with restricted access may pose an external threat to the secured data by accident. In this case, the issue of motivation may arise. In other words, the breach of security may occur due to the deliberate or undeliberate actions of an individual. The breach is evaluated based on the amount of damage in which it resulted. That way, the motivation of the intruder (or its absence) is not taken into consideration because regar
Introduction Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology whereby scientists are motivated to study the underlying mechanisms of the higher mental processes in human beings. Therefore, to other disciplines, cognitive scientists are interested in understanding human perception, decision-making, attention, problem-solving, thinking, and the development of speech among other mental processes (Ruisel, 2010, p. 267). On the other hand, the term cognition is derived from cognosco , which in Latin translates to making decisions, discovering, learning, investigating, studying, or recognizing. However, cognition has been defined by most scientists as the processes involved in transforming, reducing, elaborating, storing, recovering, and using the sensory signal (input). Generally, cognitive psychology is focused on understanding the mental processes of acquiring, processing, and storing information in human beings (Ruisel, 2010, p. 268). As part of the highly integrative discipline of cognitive science, cognitive psychology is closely related and influenced by other disciplines such as neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, artificial intelligence, anthropology, biology, and physics. For instance, cognitive psychology is very much related and influenced by physics in that they both use experiments and simulations as research tools in predicting or comparing human behaviors through different models (Goldstein, 2008, pp.13-15). Moreover, with the advent of brain imaging techniques, cognitive psychology has found wide-spread applications in various aspects of neuroscience. There are three major approaches, which are widely in use in cognitive psychology to neuroscience: that is, neural, experimental, and computational approaches. In experimental cognitive psychology, innovative methods applicable to most natural sciences are used to study specific aspects of human cognition, including measurement of psychophysical responses, eye tracking, and response time. Moreover, computational cognitive psychology employs computational models and formal mathematical methods in designing dynamical systems and symbolic representations of human cognition. Conversely, in neural, cognitive psychology, brain imaging, and neurobiological procedures are used to study different neural aspects of social cognition. The three approaches are, in most cases, interlinked and complementary in providing insights into the human mental processes (Goldstein, 2008, p. 15). The Emergence of Cognitive Psychology The contemporary form of cognitive psychology is marked by the use of different new technologies in understanding human cognition. However, the study of social cognition can be traced back to the 1800s and 1900s as exemplified by the published accounts o
Islamic Spirituality In America, the matters of religion profoundly influence the degree of spirituality of the Americans. People are allowed self-determination in matters of spirituality. Spirituality is a conviction that gives people an understanding of what they value and how people coexist (Sheldrake 1). Islamic spirituality teaches about the union of Muslims with Allah. According to the sayings of Imam Ali, Muslims’ “…affairs are attached to the destiny decreed by Allah…their best plans lead them to destruction” (Balagha 15). This shows how Islamic faith teaches about total union and submission to their God. In his Poetry, Rumi says, “Union with God is sweeter than body comforts” (Coleman Light Breeze Stanza 3) to portray the value that the Muslims attach by submitting to their God. Islamic spirituality also teaches about commitment and devotion towards spirituality. The sayings of Imam Ali show that the Islamic faith devotion is paramount to other things. In his poetry, Rumi says, “You have a spirit body; don’t dread leaving the physical one” (Coleman Light Breeze Stanza 5). This further affirms that Muslims should be courageous to exercise commitment and devotion to their faith. Islamic faith also teaches about the importance of being prepared for life after death. According to Ali, “Blessed is the man who always keep life after death in his view” (Balagha 44). This depicts how life after death is critical to the Muslim faithful. Every Muslim should evade sins that may separate him/her from attaining it. In his poetry, he reveals how the Islamic faith discourages secularism besides teaching on the importance of embracing spirituality for the sake of life after death. Islamic spirituality denounces greed indicating how greed is discouraged and that those who become greedy, for example, for power, money, and wealth are to face disgrace consequently. Greed is also discouraged by the poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi. He says, “If you could leave your selfishness, you would see how you’ve been torturing yourself” (Coleman ‘Moving Water’ Stanza 7). This depicts torture as the consequence of greed with comfort being the result of evading selfishness. They also teach about seeking knowledge and wisdom. According to Imam Ali, seeking knowledge is an indication of how Islamic spirituality values wisdom (Balagha 80) even from those who do not profess the Islamic faith. Rumi also teaches on the importance of seeking wisdom. His words, “Do not insist on going where you think you want to go. Ask the way to the spring” (Coleman ‘Moving Water’ Stanza 10) show that the Islamic spirituality values wisdom. Imam Ali and Rumi teachings about faith Imam Ali and Rumi teach that faith requires perseverance. According to Ali, “Those who have come alive out of a blood –bath live longer and have more children” (Balagha 84). This indicates the value of perseverance during danger and difficulties with a reward for
Introduction This editorial scrutinizes the workforce of digital games, the contentment and capacity of game invention, the predicaments facing this industry and the novel ideas that affect the firm. Games of digital nature are commendable as they offer relaxation, are informative when it comes to social issues and the firms have provided employment to various individuals. Managerial Structures Innovation studios and distribution firms are the main link up units that form the key managerial structures of this industry. Self-directed motivation is essential in the initiation and transformation of ideas into reasonable products. Some of the distributors include well established companies such as Sony and Microsoft. These produce PlayStation two and Xbox games respectively. The industry also cooperates with other distributing corporations even though they might not be very influential in terms of market base. High Quality Products Unique game features are arrived at through the illustrious sub-classes of labor. This entails the utilization of computers, the sharing of sentiments among the workers, improved communication that involves illustrations and a high standard of teamwork and harmonization among the workers as well as the management. In the long run, a high quality prod
Introduction Vaccinations are generally meant to strengthen the body’s immunity against diseases caused by pathogens. Although they are mostly administered to small children, it is important to ensure that adults are also vaccinated because of the risk they are exposed to as they grow old. My thesis statement is that adults should be vaccinated. Drawing from a study by Greenberg (2012), older people should be vaccinated in order to protect them from diseases that can be prevented through vaccination. This paper presents reasons to support the vaccination of adults. Population is Living Longer Elderly Can Have Weaker Immune Systems Although children are easily infected by cold and other similar illnesses, their immune system is strong and thus able to fight off the infections in a few days (Harvard Health Publications, 2013). Unlike children, elderly people have a weak immune system that makes it difficult for them to deal with such infections. This is due to the fact that the immune system weakens as individuals grow older. The fight against infections may thus be lost over the years unless preventive measures are taken. Generally, the immune system consists of cells, organs and tissues that help to keep individuals healthy. It is made up of innate and adaptive immune systems which change as individuals advance in age. The innate system comprises of cells and barriers that prevent the entrance of germs into the body. It is thus considered as the first line of defense. Unfortunately, the innate system weakens as one grows old since the cells lose the ability to communicate with each other as required. Unlike the innate immune system, adaptive immune system is multifaceted and very complicated. As individuals grow old, cells that are responsible for building immunity weaken and lose the ability to fight infections. For this reason, adults should be vaccinated against infections such as pneumonia, flu, and yellow fever (Harvard Health Publications, 2013). Education Programs for Vaccines Immunization programs organized by different individuals and organizations are meant to sensitize people on the importance of vaccinations. The programs may be delivered in different formats including the use of the Internet and television which help to reach a wider audience. Through immunization education programs, it is now obvious to many people that immunization is not only for small children. Adults are equally at risk and must thus be vaccinated to boost their resistance against infections. Clearly, the main agenda of the immunization education programs is to appeal to individuals to take the need for immunization seriously. Vaccinations Received in Childhood have Expired or Weakened Booster Vaccines Since vaccinations administered in childhood weaken with time, it is necessary to consider the administration of booster vaccines as individuals grow older. Generally, the administration of booster vaccines again
Writers use narration for different purposes, achieving them through various techniques. Junot Diaz is a Dominican-American writer who, in his story “The Dreamer,” tries to illustrate the role model of striving for your dream and efforts to achieve it. However, the author uses various artistic techniques to achieve his goal, which, in combination, allow him to involve the reader and relate to the character emotionally. Although Diaz does not directly state the message, he uses powerful text patterns such as to cause and effect, personal tone, connotative language, and pathos to convey it. The short story tells about the life of the author’s mother, who has suffered a lot to achieve her dream. The main character is a poor girl from a third-world country who “was destined never to get off the mountain or out of the campo” (Kennedy et al. 84). Like other children at the time, she was expected to work on the farm until she died or got married, but she took a hard path because she dreamed of becoming a nurse in the capital. She was only seven years old and had no chance to get an education because her mother would not let her go to school, as it was against traditions. The author also describes Trujillo, the Dominican dictator of the time. He passed a law that all children under the age of fifteen must go to school; otherwise, their parents would be imprisoned for one year (Kennedy et al. 85). Therefore, the girl decided to drink some stagnant water to get sick to avoid working on the farm and get a chance to take her complaint to the school. Eventually, she was able to get an education but could not become a nurse due to inability to master a foreign language in the United States. Diaz skillfully uses cause and effect text patterns to make his words more understandable to the readers. The author indicates that Trujillo “passed a mandatory-education act stipulating that all Dominican children under the age of fifteen had to be in school and not stuck out in the fields” (Kennedy et al. 85). The strategy helps to recognize why the girl got a chance to get an education. Using this tool, the author leads the reader from the cause to the result to better understand the connection between the events of the story. The author also states that his mother “never did become a nurse” (Kennedy et al. 86). Further, Diaz explains that after immigrating to the United States, his mother was unable to learn English despite her hard efforts. The example clearly illustrates another successful use of cause and effect text patterns, as the reader can understand the connection between the failure to become a nurse an
Summary The confirmation hearing of Brett Kavanaugh was characterized by bitter and partisan ramblings that reflected America’s divisive political landscape. The content of the documentary is proof that the Judiciary is a political playfield for the Democratic and the Republican parties as they struggle for control. A grievance between the two parties that dates back to the late 1980s has transformed the Supreme Court into a partisan entity that is politically controlled. This was confirmed by the hurried confirmation of Justice Amy Coney Barrett. It was done a few days before the 2020 presidential election, against the opposition of many legislators, especially democrats who claimed it was a hypocritical move from Mitch McConnell. These choices have the potential to shape American policy and life for generations. The FRONTLINE documentary titled “Supreme Revenge: Battle for the Court” chronicles a long battle for the control of the Supreme Court between the Republican and Democratic parties. The producer includes snippets of interviews with legal experts, authors, journalists, and Congressional and White House staffers to reveal the behind-the-scene occurrences. The film commences with a coverage of the failed confirmation hearing of Robert Bork, a President Reagan nominee. The failure that befell the Republican Party gave rise to a 30-year-old grievance that has transformed the Supreme Court into a political and bipartisan entity. Bork’s hearing was led by Sen. Joe Boden, who made sure that he was not confirmed. The democrats were worried that Bork’s extremist views on civil rights and social issues were not right for America. Senator McConnell vowed to retaliate against the Democrats as he felt that Bork’s conservative ideology did not warrant the vicious attacks waged against him. McConnell is at the center of the discussion, as his moves are recounted to reveal how he managed to build a conservative court over the years, one judge at a time. McConnell’s influence is evident from the confirmation hearings of Clarence Thomas. Allegations of sexual harassment were brought against him by the Democrats, through Anita Hill. She accused him of discussing pornographic content with her in his office, which made her very uncomfortable. Despite the accusations, Thomas was successfully confirmed. The efforts by Biden, Kennedy, Simpson, and others failed, and he was confirmed. In the final year of Obama’s administration, a vacuum was left on the Supreme Court by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia in 2016. Obama nominated Merrick Garland to replace Scalia, but McConnell blocked the appointment by ensuring that a confirmation hearing did not take place. After Trump became president, more conservative judges joined the Supreme Court. The nomination of Brett Kavanaugh by President Trump was confirmed despite the resistance efforts by the Democrats. McCo
Introduction The San Diego art museum is one of the oldest in the country. The museum has a lot of exhibits which showcase art from different places such as Asia, Latin America and Europe. The exhibits displayed in the museum range from renaissance, baroque and impressionist eras as well as contemporary art from different places. Therefore, the museum offers art lovers a chance to go back into time to discover the historical progress of artistic ideas. This paper will discuss the relevance of San Diego Museum of Art to the city and how it highlights different artistic eras. The museum has been in existence since 1926, and has gone through several phases of expansion ever since. It is located in Balboa Park, San Diego and it is estimated that it receives close to 500,000 visitors annually. The outer design of the museum’s structure is influenced by Spanish renaissance style, which makes it stand out in the area. It has a sculptural exterior with its outer spaces decorated with Spanish sculptures. The museum has several galleries which display different art exhibits. The west wing was added to the museum in the mid 1960’s, while the east wing was constructed in the mid 1970’s.These improvements increased the museum’s gallery space and made it possible for more art exhibits to be displayed. In the beginning, the museum’s relied on donations from its benefactors. Appleton Bridges, Archer Huntington, Henry Timken, Alice Klauber, George Pratt, Henry Everett and Amy and Anne Putnam, donated high quality art works to the museum. These benefactors made it possible for the museum to get its first art pieces which were displayed to the public (Swanson 83). Major Collections The museum’s collections highlight different artistic styles from different historic eras. It has prestigious old master collections from Spain and other parts of Europe. One of its most famous exhibits is the “El Marques de Sofraga”, done by Francisco Goya. It also has a portrait done by Giovanni Bellini which adds to the repertoire of classic art exhibits displayed to the public. The “Infanta Margarita” by Spanish artist Diego Velasquez, is one of the most magnificent art works on display. These classic collections strengthen the museum’s appeal to art lovers, because they document a crucial era in European art history. The museum also exhibits art works done by other Spanish artists from different eras. Therefore, the museum has some of the largest collections of classic Spanish paintings, in the state of California. It is one of the few museums that show how artistic ideas from different eras developed (Swanson 88). The museum also has art exhibits from the German expressionist movement, which has enables it display artistic ideas from this period. These art pieces were obtained from Vance Kondon and Elisabeth Geisberger, a married couple. The art works displayed were done by Egon Schiele, Gabriele Munter, Otto Dix and Alexej von Jawlesnky. It also has several exhibits from Italian and North European artists. The museum has a lot of significance because its exhibits show continuity in art ideas from diffe