ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The narrator spends his winter in Starkfield, where he is attracted to Ethan Frome, a local resident. Initially, the narrator thinks that Ethan, whose face is disfigured and scarred from an accident he had suffered ten years earlier, is unapproachable and silent. Subsequently, he gets curious about Ethan’s facial characteristics and his isolated existence that he decides to seek for clarification from the local residents. During his investigation, the narrator learns that Ethan is a decent and sensitive man who loves nature, but lacks the emotional stamina. The narrator further employs imagery and symbolism to bring out highly unmotivated and morally bankrupt characters. One of the characters is Ethan, the narrator’s main character, who is compelled by poverty, marital duty, and conventional morality to remain unhappy in his entire life. His sorrow, however, results from his inability to act, and when he finally acts, he makes a decision that ruins him, his wife and his wife’s cousin. Accordingly, Ethan is left unease and sleepless because he does not tell Mattie about his feelings for her on their way home from the village church. On this particular night, Ethan is on a mission to fetch Mattie Silver, his wife’s cousin. He then learns that at the basement of the church there is a dance. Viewing through the window, Ethan gets attracted to a young girl whose scarf was cherry-colored. Ethan’s morality is put under test when he decides to hang back at the end of the dance to find out the identity of the young girl, who turns out to be Mattie. On their way home, Ethan has a chance of expressing his immoral intentions towards the young girl but he fails to do so. On the contrary, he allows the presence of Mattie to raise more tension between them, which unfortunately ends when they arrive at home. Here, the narrator has made it apparent that Mattie is healthy and attractive unlike Zeena, Ethan’s shrewish and sickly wife. The dressing of Mattie symbolizes blood, which means she is lively and strong. However, Mattie is the kind of person Ethan is to be careful with. This is because blood also symbolizes evil. Nevertheless, Ethan spends a miserable and thoughtful night (Edith 37). Furthermore, Ethan does not verbalize his passion for Mattie when they spend a night together. Factually, Ethan would have slept happily had he acted freely with Mattie. On this particular day, Zeena ha
Introduction Different countries and states respond to different crimes according to their own laws. Due to globalization, and advancement from the dark ages, various ways of dealing with crime have been developed, implemented and modified with changes in crime. One that can be noted is the Death penalty which has brought a lot of controversies, currently only a few countries still practice it amidst protest from religious groups over the right to life. Convicts seen to be of less danger to the community are in some states given probation or parole so as to help them in their rehabilitation and integration process in the community. This has been practiced over time and has proved effective in most cases, especially with the juvenile delinquents. This paper will attempt to the discuss probation and parole, causes, factors that may be considered by the parole board in issuing probation or parole, and the roles of the probation officers after the offenders have been released. Probation refers to the process of release of a convicted criminal to the community by the Supreme Court, or the judge of the criminal term under some conditions aimed at helping the criminal stop more offences. In some occasions the probationers may serve both jail term and probation depending on the kind of offence committed. These probations include boundaries that make the freed offender much more restricted that the normal citizens in the same community. Regular contact with the probation officials is also included in the regulations which will enforce the probationer to be actively doing something during his time on probation. These may include, searching for jobs if he was unemployed and attending classes for students. Violation of these regulations may increase the term of probation or even send the convict to jail. Parole refers to the process of release of a convicted offender and given opportunity to serve the remaining sentence in the community. This process is aimed at helping in his/her rehabilitation. These are given when the convicts have shown the ability to follow the regulations and norms in the society by first following all the regulations in the prison. Most of the offenders served with this sentence tend to have served much of their time in jail. In essence the offender completes part of his sentence in the community and this is decided by the parole board. The judgment is always liberated after a successful completion of parole period (Petersilia, 1997, pp. 2-8). Probation and parole in New York State Probation and parole is always given to those offenders thought not to be dangerous to the community. In New York State there are programs that guide probation and parole. These guidelines define who goes for probation or parole, and for how many hours. Most of the offenders given many hours in probation and parole are sex offenders or felony offenders, according to the New York State statutes , the offenders of felony get up to 500 hours and this is meant for the class E offenders, while class D felony offenders get 400 hours. Other offenders that get probation are the class A misdemeanor offenders who take up to 200 hours
Introduction Published in a 1978 issue of the New Yorker, “Girl” by Jamaica Kincaid is an example of communication between a mother and her daughter, where she lays down the expectations that society has of her as a woman. The story illustrates stereotypical and patriarchal societal norms, which lead the mother to pass on apparent feminine traits or cultures that their society expects girls to know and follow. For instance, the mother explains to her daughter the importance of cooking, cleaning, and entertaining. She also mentions severally the importance of not being perceived as a slut. She concludes the story by asking her daughter, “Are you really going to be the kind of woman that the baker won’t let near the bread?” (Kincaid, 1978) in a further illustration of the stereotypical gender roles dictated in their society. Kincaid’s short story demonstrates how society enforces and perpetuates stereotypical societal roles for women by dictating what is expected of them. The Implied Value of Domestic Knowledge In the story, the mother is assured that passing on valuable domestic knowledge to her daughter will save her from a life of ruin and promiscuity and empower her to be a productive member of society. For example, she gives her daughter instructions on washing clothes, sweeping, cooking pumpkin fritters, buying bread, and growing okra (Kincaid, 1978). Undoubtedly for many patriarchal societies, domestic knowledge prompts a woman’s usefulness and productivity, which wins respect from society and their family. In the context of the short story, household work seemingly results in women’s distinction and power as well as keeping them occupied and away from “temptation.” It is discernable from the reading that the mother has immense reverence for the power of domestic knowledge due to the various explicit guidelines she offers her daughter. As far as the mother is concerned, good domestic knowledge results in respectability and decency. With this in mind, a simple act, such as sewing up a dress, subsequently becomes more than just a maintenance act as it can save a woman’s sexual reputation in society. Societal Expectations Concerning Women’s Conduct The entire story is an example of how women
Sonia Nazario, a Pulitzer Prize winner for Loss Angeles Times wrote a book by the title: “Enrique’s Journey: The Boy Left Behind”. The book talks of a boy by the name of Enrique who was left in his own country, Honduras at the age of five with her relatives by her mother (Lourdes).Lourdes went to United state in search for better life for her family with an aim of coming back soon but this did not happen as life did not turn out as she thought. Enrique became impatient after waiting for her mother for a long time and risks going to look for her. His efforts failed for seven times because of the many obstacles he met on the way. However, on the eighth time, he succeeded and united with his mother (Nazario 234). Before Enrique went to US, he had a girlfriend by the name Marie Isabel who gave birth to a daughter and kept hoping he will be able to bring his wife in US (Nazario 234). However, this did not happen which prompted Isabel to leave her child behind in search for a better life. I strongly agree that leaving while very young to go and look for their parents is a great risk unless they were big enough and had spent ample time with their parents before they were left. One of the key issues that make people go to the US and other developed countries is poverty, that is, they are unable to provide basic needs for their children. People migrate with a hope that they will get good jobs with good pay that will enable them to bring up their children and families in a better way. I can identify with the situation as from the experience of friends who leave for US since they feel that the money they are getting in their own country is not enough to meet all their needs. For example, from Enrique’s story, Lourdes left her very young child for the US in search of better life so that she could be able to pay for his school fees and hoped she would be back soon. However it seems that her expectations were not achieved. It seems that people do not get jobs as fast as they expect, a good quote is, ‘’hurry hurry has no blessings’’.Lourdes struggled in US before securing a good job and she did not return as she had promised her son which made him to miss her so much(Nazario 50). This is a very regular case as many people have even stayed for as long as ten years before coming back to their country or fails to come back at all. Most of the children left are so young such that if they were left with their relatives they will consider them as their parents. Of great concern is how a child can stay for ten years and then start looking for his or her par
Employee motivation is an essential aspect of an organization’s financial and strategical affluence. Special attention should be given to the incentives which regard relocation or foreign assignments, as these endeavors are highly resource-demanding for the individuals involved (Al Madi, Assal, Shrafat, & Zeglat, 2017). A significant part of the interest in labor is comprised of potential financial reimbursements to be received in exchange for the tasks accomplished, which should be equal in all countries (Thomas & Lucas, 2018). However, when additional activities are demanded, such as moving to another city or country, the motivation of the workers tends to diminish significantly. The difference in the surrounding environment can be quite crucial, even in vacation attitudes (Greenwood, 2018). Therefore, it is recommended that US companies invested in transferring their employees abroad should compensate for the extra effort necessary to successfully complete the relocation procedure (Budiman, 2018). As the assignment candidates are required to leave their native environment and adjust to unfamiliar and novel conditions, they should be provided with the resources to aid the adaptation. The health care system in the United States is drastically different from the programs adopted in other countries, primarily due to the lack of a nationwide system of insurance. For instance, in Canada and Germany, the reimbursement process does not include the patients, maintaining the single connection between the insurer and the health care provider (Ridic, Gleason, & Ridic, 2012). In comparison, in the USA, a variety of other parties participate in this process, as the reimbursement depends on the insurance company, federal and state governments, and health care providers. Furthermore, while in European countries, citizens are offered government-sponsored medical services and privately paid alternatives, in the United States, the majority of insurance coverage delivered pertains to employment-related packages (Ridic et al., 2012). From the overall assessment of the situation, it could be suggested that numerous health care providers aim to gain competitive advantages against the opponents by increasing the costs of the programs proposed. As the charges established by the medical companies remain uncontrolled, some corporations use this option as leverage to increase their financial profit.
A brief summary of the case The New York Times and the Washington Post published the top-secret “Pentagon Papers” in 1971, revealing government duplicity in the Vietnam War. The Nixon administration obtained an injunction against The New York Times on the grounds of national security. However, in brief per curiam opinion, the Court observed that, in this case, the government had not shown the justification of prior restraint on freedom of the press. This was deemed to be achieved when the government met the heavy burden in justifying this restraint (New York Times). The legal issue in the case and the decision of the court Legal issues  1. Did the United States government show the justification for the need to meet the heavy burden for prior restraint on freedom of the press?  2. Did they impose such restraint on the Washington post and New York Times? The Courts Rule The government has an obligation to show the justification of prior restraint on freedom of the press (New York Times). However, in this case, the court held that the government had not met the heavy burden of showing justification. Therefore, no action was imposed on the New York Times. Summarize the Court’s decision and legal reasoning Although the U.S. Federal government has limited powers, it has supreme authority within its sphere of influence. In addition, laws that are made based on the constitution become the supreme law of the land. The constitution does not expressly prohibit or deter either power that is implied or incidental. Based on the Freedom of Expression clause, a legitimate end, which is within the confines of the constitution, and which appropriate and not prohibited by the constitution, can be employed to achieve that end. In addition, most of the systems in the United States have been subjected to restraints on freedom of expression. They are heard by the Supreme Court, which bears a heavy presumption towards its validity or otherwise. The government is indebted to create a heavy burden of showing justifications to any prio
Introduction Technology plays a significant role towards enhancing civilization because everything in the modern world depends on it. Studies suggest that people are recognized with the type of the device they carry indicating the level of civilization of an individual. To many people, living without technology is compared to living without the basic need, such as food. Technology affects life in all perspectives including politically, socially and economically. This implies that life in the modern society would not be the same without technology. In the food industry, technology has continued to redirect the health of individuals all over the world. In the modern society, the shelf life of food products is augmented by using improved technology. Time taken to make food in the modern society is less as compared to that spent on preparing meals in the traditional society. In the communication industry, technology has made human beings dependant on gadgets. For instance, an individual would be sitting in one corner of the world and be able to communicate with the other individual in a different corner. The world is now viewed as a global community based on the effectiveness of technology, which is interdependent and highly connected. For instance, by use of telephone technology, communication among people in remote areas has been made possible. This paper looks at the impacts of technology on human life. To do this successfully, a critical review of the book, “American Calling,” is conducted. The book talks about the technological role of the telephone in the American society. Summary In the first chapter, the author starts by questioning the real impact of technology on human life. He asks whether the telephone makes people active or lazy. Moreover, Fischer questions the role of the telephone in bringing the families together. In this regard, he observes that technology has both advantages and disadvantages. Fischer confirms that inventions of previous technologies softened people. This implies that it made life easier because many things were produced with ease. The invention of the radio negatively affected people’s morality while electric lighting immobilized people because they would spend most of their time at home. In 1926, the author observes that many people in the society were concerned with the rising rates of immorality owing to the technological inventions. By then, Americans were experiencing radical changes, particularly in terms of material changes. He further notes that material innovations are of value as compared to any other innovation because of its role in improving the living standards of individuals. For instance, innovations in the food industry improved food distribution and sanitation, which lengthened human life. The inventions of cars enabled many Americans to travel to various places that they had never imagined in their lives (Fischer, 1992). This allowe
As a company producing computer servers, Super Micro was found guilty of improper financial accounting by the securities and the exchange commission. In the FY 2015 through to 2017, the company engaged in fraudulent deals breaching a number of sections of securities act of 1933. The company prematurely recognized revenue and deliberately misstated financial statements amounting to grievous violation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Poor internal control was widely witnessed as employees were pushed to maximize revenue and minimize expenses. Goods were delivered to the customers before due dates as stipulated in the terms and in the process undermining generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) (Larkin and DiTommaso 391). Through its employees, the company illegally changed shipment terms, delivered incomplete goods, and held the bill of lading abusing the rights of its carriers. Due to these gross violations, the security and exchange commission delivered cease-and-desist injunction barring the company from conducting some of its activities. Although the super micro has been fined $ 19.5 million, a detailed audit should be carried out to ascertain the extent of fraud. Before commencing the audit process, auditor should first understand the client, the kind of business being conducted, and the accounting process. An audit company needs to draw a comprehensive strategy audit plan that would be used in the whole process. The accuracy of accounting system including internal control structure being used by the company in question should be verified. The nature of audit to be employed must be decided on earlier enough. Generally, auditor is simply an expert of financial matters. However, when faced with complex scenarios like in the case of Super Micro which deals with computer technologies, the auditor may require services of a specialist. According to auditing standards (AS 1210) of the PCAOB, a specialist is an individual with special skills and knowledge in a given field (Krishnan et al. 153). To obtain correct evidential matter from the substantive tests while evaluating the books and technological property of Super Micro, the help of a specialist would be of great significance. In the case of Super Micro, it would not be appropriate to design tests on the financial statements assertions provided by the company. The firm has inadequate internal control system and fundamental financial reporting is not done. This can be supported by the fact that it presented wrong financial statements on net sales to the securities and the exchange commission, and was forced to alter them. The company does not keep proper financial records to avoid backlash from its employees who have in some occasi
Introduction Ethical guidelines are essential in an organization, in an industry and the community as a whole. They control the behavior of the workers and the way in which activities are performed in a corporation. The guidelines are employed in a corporation in order to ensure that the organization attains the set goals; they are encompassed into the code of conduct in the organization. All the workers are committed to adhering to the developed ethical guidelines. The Expert Consulting Group (ECG) relies on workers who are serious, accountable and engaged and these ethical guidelines are established so as to verify the ethical standards of the organization. The guidelines are focused on developing the culture of the company and the behaviors of the workers so as to reveal the values that develop the base of activities in the ECG (Brown & Williams, 2003). This paper will identify and discuss three specific ethical guidelines established by any government or regulatory body that are applicable to ECG. These guidelines might also need to be encompassed in to the code of conduct. Ethical guidelines discussed in this paper include communication, working environment and corruption. Discussion Communication is the first ethical guideline. It entails the exchange of words from the employer to employees and vice versa. It deals with how open, fair and accountable the people in an organization are. One of the most vital constituents of communication is the target and approach used by the communicator. The communication amongst the workers and the managers, workers and workers and any other unit should be obliging so as to enable every member of the corporation to be able to participate in decision making. The staff members should have friendly communication between themselves and the administration. The communication should be sincere and dependable. This is significant to the organization as it will assist the institution in achieving its goals. Through communication, the staff members will attend to clients in a straight forward manner. Open communication enables workers to build confidence amongst themselves and the customers. The staff members in the ECG should be notified of issues related to their work in due time (Johannesen, 2001). Another ethical guideline is the working environment. This refers to the surroundings in the place of work. It may also refer to mental situation in the work place. Working environment should be exemplified by equality, candidness and patience. Staff members should conduct themselves properly when undertaking their duties. They should appreciate others. They should also recognize other cultures and their beliefs. This helps in promoting diversity by making sure that there is no prejudice in terms of belief, culture, social position and political notions. This enables them to convey services to all customers who are situated at th