ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Globalization is defined as “A set of processes leading to the integration of economic, cultural, political, and social systems across geographical boundaries” (HSE). As the above definition states, globalization results in the incorporation of different agents and annihilation of geographical borders, therefore, leading to a political, economic, cultural, and social change in the whole world. However, this paper will be dealing with the effects of globalization on South Africa, taking into consideration various aspects. Colonization and Its Impact On Globalization South Africa has been colonized since the 14th century, during which various western powers exploited the human resources of Africa through slave labor and didn’t pay much attention to mineral and stone mining. “In April 1880, Rhodes and Rudd launched the De Beers Mining Company after the amalgamation of a number of individual claims” (Wikipedia), having the support and backing of the British government through which they earned millions of dollars by mining precious stones like diamonds and exploiting them for their own profits. Cecil Rhodes also entered the political scene of South Africa in 1890 and introduced the “Glen Grey Act to push black people from their lands and make way for industrial development”(Wikipedia). He also founded the British South Africa Company (BSA) that was to play a leading role in the colonization of central Africa. This company employed people from Britain and brought them to Africa to settle down that led to the rule of the white minority till the 1990s. British introduced the apartheid law in 1948 that gave the majority of the black second-grade citizen rank, separating them in every right and activity from the whites till 1994. Throughout the centuries of colonization, South Africans were deprived of their rights, generation after generation working as slaves and not getting their due share of compensation. The conquering countries, whether be it Britain or Netherlands, fully exploited the South African land and its people. Trade Concerns The trade account of South Africa is currently in deficit, it as $391m as of March 2007, slightly lower than expected, as both its import and export have risen. However, the growth pace of exports has been faster than imports. The leading export industries have been semi-precious and precious stones and mechanical equipment. The trade issues concerning South Africa are the conditions on trade agreements with European Union and other countries. One prime example is European Union; European Union can access 90% of South African markets as opposed to 50% of South Africa’s access to its markets applying strict regulations and laws that even 50% market is inaccessible. Furthermore, European Union imports raw materials from South Africa and not its value-added goods decreasing South Africa’s amount of exports. The trade agreements with United States, European Union, and other developed countries are allowing them access to South African land and resources in return f
Introduction Beyond All Recognition is a play created and performed by the Master of Fine Arts actors. The production depicts the challenges that former military members face on a daily basis and the problem of social re-integration, in particular. Additionally, the focus is made on the way the modern media romanticize the images of war and soldiers so that many civilians remain unaware of the actual life challenges of military workforce representatives. Therefore, the story in Beyond All Recognition is definitely worth telling. Overall, the play exposes the reality of the problem and demonstrates how Hollywood promotes distorted perceptions of war and its impacts on individual lives. It is possible to say that by doing so, the production team aims to convey a pacifist message. Design Element The sound is one of the most effective techniques in the production used to reinforce the dramatic event. It set the tone and atmosphere for the play (Ferris). Most of the sound pieces selected by the team and the sound designer, Charles Osborne, were alternative rock music tracks characterized by intensity and emotionality. There are a lot of conflicts in the character’s dialogs, and this type of sound helped support the tension. The music was primarily played between the scenes, so it substantially heightened the anticipation. At the same time, the scenery can be considered a less effective technique in this regard. It was too neutral and did not contain any semiotic meaning that could culminate the dramatic event. Staging Moment: Actors’ Performance The energetic performances of the actors helped communicate their storylines well. The performers were especially good at externalizing: non-verbal expressions, pitch, and quality of voice, etc. It helped the audience to read the characters’ emotions. However, in rare moments, some actors overacted and were not that convincing. It could be possible to develop the characterization a bit more − even though the characters were ordinary people, some of them lacked uniqueness and other qualities that would make them memorable. Issues of Diversity The education about the re-integration problems of veterans and deployed soldiers is the major purpose of the play. Returning military service members constitute a special population group whose needs and interests sometimes are not well understood by the general public. Moreover, the fact that their post-traumatic conditions and community disintegration are widely idealized in cinema, and other modern forms of art that depict military events and the lives of soldiers from the fictional and non-realistic stance only contribute to their marginalization. By depicting these issues, the production team aims to promote fair representation of military service members and encourage the recognition of their needs. Conclusion In Hollywood cinema and many other media forms, diverse population groups, including racial minorities, women, and people with disabilities, are often underrepresented or represent
Introduction The book ‘Desert Solitary’ by Edward Abbey made me to think over the burning problem of nowadays, as environment and how far we, modern people, are from the nature. Main Text Edward Abbey lives in the Arches National Monument near Moab, Utah, for three seasons and works as a single park ranger, which he prefers. He admires silence and beauty of the nature. We can see that he is a violent, passionate lover of the nature already from the first chapter “The First Morning”. It is seen from the various descriptions and comparisons, from his perfect knowledge of names of animals and plants, such as “…kangaroo mice, a jackrabbit, an animal that looked like a cross between a raccoon and a squirrel-the ringtail cat…” “The First Morning” (Abbey 2). The author confronts nature with people and chooses nature ‘I’d sooner exchange ideas with the birds on earth than learn to carry on intergalactic communications with some obscure race of humanoids on a satellite planet from the world of Betelgeuse.’ “The First Morning” (Abbey 4-5). The entire chapter, as well as the book, is penetrated with the idea of unity of human beings, flora and fauna. The spirit the book is written in is dual: from one hand, we can feel author’s love and tenderness; and from the other hand, it is danger and criticism. I would like to talk about the first chapter of this book ‘The First Morning’. While reading the chapter I have felt strong author’s negative attitude to that people are everywhere in nature now, we greatly interfere in it “I dream of a hard and brutal mysticism in which the naked self merges with a nonhuman world and yet somehow survives still intact, individual, separate.” (Abbey 4). I liked that Edward Abbey chooses as his “beautiful place that he cares in his heart and soul” (Abbey 1), not commonly adopted place as the house at the seaside or the comfortable apartment with a beautiful view, but the canyonlands in suburb of Utah with its untouched and wild reality: ’Glimpses of weird humps of pale rock on either side, like petrified elephants, dinosaurs, stone age hobgoblins.’ ”The First Morning” (Abbey 2) I am very thankful to the author that he has made this marvelous nature more accessible to me and other readers of the text, it greatly inspires to save the environment for our future, so we and the following generations could enjoy it. The mentioning of the trailer in the middle of this wild beauty highlights the amenities of the surrounding nature very strongly: “What are the Arches? From my place in front of the house trailer I can see several of the hundred or more of them which have been discovered in the park. These are natural arches, holes in the rock, windows in stone, no two alike, as varied in form as in dimension.’ (Abbey 3). Conclusion At first sight, we might think that Edward wanted to stay alone, but it is not so – he wanted to stay one on one with nature, he celebrated his first morning in solitary desert and he was the happiest person on the earth at the moment cause he felt unity with environment. After reading this text I strongly felt the necessity to comm
The problem of global waste is becoming the most emerging crisis in the 21st century. Even though developed countries are aware of pollution’s danger, taking certain steps to solve this problem, the situation has not changed dramatically. One of the issues discussed by O’Neill is waste trading; this practice is contradictory in terms of global waste management (16). Banning the shipment across national frontiers, especially from more prosperous to South countries, has long been the solution (O’Neill 17). O’Neill suggested improving waste trading, making it more effective (17). However, until the developed North countries sell their waste to the poorer countries, which do not have resources to recycle it, this management approach is inappropriate. Some of the waste has been exported for many years to developing countries, which have recently opposed turning their territory into landfills. For instance, the United States and other developed countries have shipped most of their waste products to China (Wang et al. 5). In 2018, Beijing restricted the import of 24 categories of waste to improve its environmental situation (Wang et al. 6). This has led to the situation when developed countries of Europe and North America have redirected plastic waste destinations and exported it to Southeast Asian countries. Nevertheless, other states also refuse to accept the trash, introducing additional restrictions. India, Indonesia and Malaysia began returning plastic waste containers to developed countries if they found different waste types (Wang et al. 7). Therefore, decreasing waste trading will stimulate the implementation of innovative programs to achieve the goal of “zero waste”, such as preventing waste production and its recycling. Thus, the world should seriously consider the problem of waste management instead of focusing on trade. Works Cited O’Neill, Kate. “The new global political economy of waste.” A Research Agenda for Global Environmental Politics . Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018. Wang, Chao, et al. “Structure of the global plastic waste trade network and the impact of China’s import Ban.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling , no. 153, 2020, p. 1-12.
Responding to suspicious items in Accounting Records As a professional accountant, I would apply the professional ethics of accounting that require professionalism, accountability as well as integrity in monitoring the daily operations of the organization so as to be able to report accurately the strengths and weaknesses of the organization’s internal control system to the CEO. Just the same way David Sokol did, it is important to scrutinize the company’s accounting records and interview all those concerned with accounting operations of each division in the company as well as the company’s Chief Financial Officer. It is important to take responsibility and inform the CEO or the board of directors of the company about your findings on the company’s accounting fraud and your opinion and, give direction of what should be done to correct the accounting abuses in the company (Gibson, Knapp, Mowen, Palepu, & Shank, 2010). In situations where I have convincing reasons to believe that the auditing firm that had been contracted to audit the firm’s financial statements might have been influenced so as to ignore the suspected misrepresentations in the financial statement data, I would advice the board or the CEO to retain a different independent auditing firm to investigate the accounting the records. Measures for enhancing Whistle Blowing in a company In order to enhance the capacity of corporate employees to report suspected fraud scheme cases in the organization, the firm should increase the internal auditors’ influence by permitting them to report directly to the CEO or the board of directors on their findings as well as their views o
Messages The key message to send to the target audience is “Buy our products as they are healthy and made with great care and love.” To deliver this message, I will use two different creative techniques. For Grand Opening, I will use the participation ad, and later, I will employ the dramatization of a benefit. Participation ad may be conducted in the form of filling in the blanks on the Grand Opening day. It will be effective because it will involve the visitors to express their opinions on the Kakao brand and its products. Also, customers will be able to talk about their expectations and give suggestions. A dramatization of a benefit is another effective technique that allows the brand to promote the best advantages of its products: being hand-made and being natural. Schedule Since the location of a new Kakao store is Four Seasons Resort, it is a good idea to plan its opening in summer. New visitors will come, and they will be able to taste and buy the products suggested by the Kakao brand. I think that June is the best option since vacations begin as early as this month, and I do not want to lose a single customer. Thus, the store should be opened in the first summer month. The advertising activities should start a few months earlier. Such tactics will make it possible to let potential customers know about the future opening and encourage them to visit the store once it is opened and they come for their vacation. Local people will also have more time and opportunity to visit the store in summer. Therefore, June is the best choice for the Grand Opening. The biggest part of the budget will be spent in the pre-opening months, and it will be invested in advertising. Adverts on TV, in magazines, and on Facebook will be the first signals of a new store opening. It is essential to organize promotional activities in the most effective way. The money spent on ads should not be wasted. Advertisements should play an excellent informative role and persuade people to buy Kakao chocolate and come to the Grand Opening of the new store in June.                                                 April  May  June  July Advertising activities                          XXX    XX              Kakao Store Grand Opening activities                        XXX        Easter promotion                                XXX                    Mother’s Day promotion                                 XXX             Promotional activities advertised via Facebook  XXX    XXX  XXX   XXX  Heavy schedule – XXX                           Medium schedule – XX                           Light schedule – X                              Evaluation To assess the project’s success, a variety of activities can be employed. First of all, it is necessary to check customers’ interest in the advertisement material. While it is difficult to trace how many people watched a TV advert or saw a magazine ad, it is quite easy to analyze how many people got interested in online promotional activities advertised via Facebook. Viewers either “like” a post or repost it to their page, and such reaction can be seen by the company. The
Myths turn out to be a significant part of human lives: they provide people with a chance to learn more captivating stories about past, people’s ideas as for their place in this world, cooperation between people and gods, and, of course, heroism. Each nation has its own ideas to describe in myths; this is why mythology of each country has its own characteristics and grounds; from time to time, it is quite possible to find out certain similarities and not less important differences between the mythologies of different countries and cultures. Greek and Roman mythologies are ones of the most frequently discussed mythologies; their peculiarities and connection are thoroughly studied by lots of students and adults. The names and the roles of Gods and Goddesses, nature of human world, origins of cultures – all this captivates many readers and evokes lots of discussions. To what extent did the Roman representatives take their mythology from the Greeks? What are the similarities and differences, which make these two mythologies so unique and interesting? What is the essence of each myth? All these questions burn unbelievable desire to open the book with Roman or Greek myths and re-read some of them in order to present more or less clear answers. In this paper, the ideas to what extent Roman mythology is similar to Greek one, the differences and similarities of myths from different cultures, and the impact of these two mythologies will be introduced; a thorough analysis of Roman and Greek literature and attention to the details in myths of the both cultures will be helpful in order to present a comprehensible piece of work. The influence of Greek mythology to the Roman mythology is obvious: numerous borrowings and the same development of the events could not be hidden even after changing the names of the characters both human and gods’ and deep attention to rituals and every day life from Roman side; but still, certain differences between these two mythologies made each of them unique and interesting to investigate them more and more. The purpose of any myth is considered to be a significant issue for many historians and writers. Janet Parker admits that “myths are significant stories for their culture, and their significance sometimes resonates over millennia and far beyond their original culture.” [1] This is why so much attention is paid to myths’ essence, characters, and consequences. First meeting with a new culture should start with reading a couple of myths in order to feel and comprehend the spirit of the chosen nation, its preferences, and its interests. For example, Roman mythology touched lots of aspects concerning the daily life of Romans [2] ; and Greek mythology is interesting due to its long history and the stories, which pass from generation to generation. [3] These two mythologies are frequently discussed together
Aristotle’s ideas on civic relationships According to Aristotle, happiness is a critical provision in life. His perceptions on happiness have remained unchanged for years. Most people still accept happiness to be exactly what Aristotle described it to be. However, the greatest challenge for most philosophers has been determining what exactly constitutes the best life. Numerous genres of happiness from various philosophers are obtained from Aristotle’s perception. He tackled this subject of happiness on the foundation of enquiry into what is really good for human beings in connection to the actual meaning of goodness itself. On the subject of happiness, the philosophy of Aristotle suggests that area is what creates a disparity between Man and animals. He quoted giraffe as an illustration. He found that, in most cases, happiness is closely related to pleasure, which is also closely related to performance. Aristotle argued that man is more absorbed into doing an activity that is pleasant to him. According to Aristotle, evading goodness do not contribute to pleasure, and again pleasure is never restricted to body pleasures like satisfying the physical requirements like starvation and exhaustion or even erotic pleasure since these are the kind of things that would prevent man from achieving happiness. Therefore, according to his argument, these pleasures results into happiness. On the subject of deliberation, Aristotle believed that the responsibility for the morality originates for an individual’s free will. He argues that, since morality is not laws, an individual can never be forced to be responsible morally; instead he should be willing to do that. In addition, these are expectations that each and every individual in any kind of society is anticipated to meet, based on the customs and beliefs of that society. Each and every individual is responsible for the kind of activities they are involved in, which is based on their moral principles in determining whether it is actually good or evil. Each activity is related to knowledge and an individual does an activity because of deliberation. However, a rational expanse of volitional regulator is necessary to be implemented so that an individual can be morally responsible. An individual should be directed by some moral controls in his or her every action (Lynch & Sandra 25). According to Ahner (27), civic relationship is described as the set of behaviors that institutions observe while conducting their operations. Business ethics and morality consider how a business interacts with its clients. The two virtues influence companies, other business entities, government organs, and other organizations. Although a considerable overlap exists amidst business ethics and law, both terms are contradictory. Business law is described as institutionalization or codification of business ethics into precis
Introduction Noise can be defined as a sound that is not agreeable with musical quality. Noise can also be described as an unwanted sound. Most of the noise is generated from almost all opencast and underground mining operations and from various fixed mobile and impulse sources. Noise pollution can be attributed to the increase of mechanization that results into the increase in the use of voluminous and complicated machinery and equipment. Other major sources of noise are produced from transportation. Other good examples of noise include motor vehicles, airplanes, and trains, among others. Noise is rapidly becoming an increasing source of discomfort in mines, factories and other industries that produce excessive noise (Agarwal 2009). Prolonged exposure of workers in noisy environments (>90 dBA) is harmful. This is because it can result into noise induced hearing loss and other effects that are not auditory but are related, in one way or another, to the hearing system. For instance speech system can be interfered with when one is exposed to excessive noise. The other effects of noise are that it can affect a person’s sleep and reduce working efficiency. The high intensity of noise is what causes detrimental effects to a person. In addition, the frequency of sound, duration of exposure, intermittence or continuation of sound, the age of a person and their health can affect the acuteness of the effects of noise pollution. It is essential to undertake noise surveys through environmental impact assessment. This will help in identifying the sources of noise. It will also help to quantify the exposure risk of workers (Tripathy Not Dated). Sound is a form of energy that gives an auditory sensational hearing. Sound is transmitted by oscillation of atoms and molecules in matter. The intensity of sound depends upon the amplitude of the waves. Thus, higher than normal amplitudes are the ones responsible for noise pollution. It is tricky to determine the level of noise that can be considered as causing noise pollution. However, sound that adversely affects wildlife and human activity can be considered as noise pollution. Sound that is capable of damaging physical structures can also be considered as noise pollution. However, the damage must also be on a repeated basis (What is what.com 2011). Noise pollution is difficult to control. This is because noise is transient and localized. It usually is temporary and not inherently dangerous. It does not accumulate in our bodies