ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Cardiovascular alterations such as heart murmurs influence the occurrence of cardiac disorders among individuals. According to McDaniel and Brashers (2012), cardiovascular disorders emanate from acquired or congenital factors that vary from one person to another. Essentially, heart murmurs are sounds that occur as blood flow through the heart during systolic and diastolic mechanisms. The case study of a 16-year-old boy depicts the importance of heart murmurs in the diagnosis of cardiac disorders because he had grade II/IV systolic murmur, and yet he died prematurely. The case study indicates that other factors apart from medical history or family history could have caused the premature death of the boy. Thus, this essay aims to describe how to diagnose heart murmurs and prescribe the appropriate treatment for the patient in the case study. Diagnosis of Cardiac Alterations Since heart murmurs indicate the presence of cardiovascular alterations, healthcare provides should consider them when carrying out the diagnosis. The appropriate methods of diagnosing heart murmurs of the patient in the case study include the use of echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, cardiac catheterization, and magnetic resonance imaging (McDaniel & Brashers, 2012). Echocardiogram is a diagnostic method that assesses loudness of sound made by the heartbeat in terms of a grading scale of one to six, which ranges from the faintest to the loudest respectively. Moreover, echocardiogram shows the structure of the heart using sound waves, while electrocardiogram assesses the electrical activity of heart. Cardiac catheterization measures the oxygen level in blood and the pressure of the blood in each chamber of the heart. Comparatively, magnetic resonance imaging accurately delineates structural abnormalities of the heart. Prescription of Treatment The nature of heart murmurs in terms of grade and cardiac alterations determines the treatment that individuals require. The systolic grade of II/VI indicates that there is faint, but a audible murmur at the apex side of the heart. Imaging techniques are essential for they ascertain the existence of cardiac alterations and inform about the nature of surgery needed. Surgery aims to correct structural defects of valves, vessels, and chambers through the procedures of coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty. McDaniel and Brashers (2012) recommend the use of medications such as prostaglandin E in cases where transposition of the great vessels occurs as it enhances delivery of oxygen to tissues. Other treatment methods that would help the patient in the scenario entail changes in lifestyles in terms of physical activity and healthy diet as they promote maintenance of normal weight. Impact of Genetics on Diagnosis and Treatment Genetic factors influence diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disorders among patients. Brashers (2012) ack
Introduction The term “arthritis” literally means an inflammation of the joints present in our body and is basically used to refer to more than a hundred diseases of the joints. Basically, arthritis is the inflammation of a joint(s) that is usually accompanied by pain, stiffness as well as a change in the physical structure of the body. As is said, arthritis is classified as being an assemblage of bone and joint disorders generally discernible by bone weakening, joint tenderness, continual pain, loss of mobility and litheness, and other skeletal dysfunction. It is said that “Arthritis is one of the most common ailments (especially among older people) and the most common condition leading to joint replacement surgery” (Medical Glossary, 2006). Hence, basically having arthritis means that a person is suffering from a degeneration of joints and an arthritic joint suffers from a loss of articular cartilage, and degenerative changes occur to the bone. It is basically the wearing down of cartilage and a loss of fluid by which the joints are surrounded. Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Gouty Arthritis Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis of middle age characterized by degenerative and every now, and then hypertrophic changes in the bone and cartilage of one or supplementary joints and a progressive draining down of opposing joint surfaces with consequential deformation of joint position more often than not without bony stiffening called also: degenerative arthriti
Introduction In the last three decades, China has undergone profound transformation both population wise and economically. The decline in the mortality rates in China caused a rapid population growth which, attracted the intervention of policy makers to put in place restrictive population policies based on the view that population growth has adverse effects on per capita income of the population. In a bid to improve the standards of living of the Chinese population and slow the population growth rate, China’s leaders in 1980 developed the One Child Policy per couple. Economically, China has transformed from a socialist closed economy to a market based economy becoming one of the fastest growing economies in the world. During the last three decades, the demographic trends favored economic development due to low dependency ratio and a large number of working population but with the new policy, old age dependency will affect the economic growth. The traditional view that high population growth has adverse effects on economic growth may not be entirely true. Population policies, labor mobility, and migration have affected China’s economic development positively over the last three decades. Population policies and Economic Development in China China’s adoption of One-Child policy led to a decline in the population growth rate (Chan, 1994, p.46). Because of this policy, population growth rate in the mainland China declined from 1.9% in 1949-1982 to 0.6% in 2000-2010 and led to a change in the age structure of the population, which caused an impact on the Chinese economy over the past three decades. The decline in fertility from an average TFR of 4.2 in 1981 to 2 in 2000 meant that age groups with low productivity and high consumption redu
The first impression that one gets at a glance at alignjournals.com is that it is a specialized site catering mainly to the business community. But a combination of business and internet/web news makes it a little confusing as to the purpose of the site. The top right-hand corner just below the site heading has the customary links to home, about us, contact us, advertising, subscription, and contact us pages. Immediately below are back issues of the site and articles. The home page is divided into five columns. Starting from the left, there is a link to industry news and events. Below is an email subscription window for getting company subscriptions and further down has a link to the site sponsors. The second column is a link to the latest news of the week and below it, what appears to be white papers on business in pdf format. The third column is titled ‘spotlight’, featuring in-depth analysis of topics of relevance, which again can be subscribed to. Some statistics under the head ‘tech stats’ that are related to the internet appears below this. At the bottom of this column are two podcasts, one related to the internet and the other to business. The fourth column is dedicated to industry news and the last one is an advertisement. (New this week. 2008). Look and feel: The style is traditional and has an almost staid look and the site looks a bit cluttered. The background is white. Other colors that are primarily used are grey with a sprinkling of crimson. The most colorful items are the advertisements which thankfully are shown at the top and far-right and not in the middle. The font ‘Verdana’ has grey and black color for text and blue and crimson for links. Size 7.5 is used for headings and 10 for the main parts. Articles open on the same page whereas news items open in Target Audience: The real purpose of the site is made clear only after clicking on the ‘about us’ link. This site is intended to be a monthly e-magazine that aims at ‘aligning’ business and the internet. So in effect, the primary target audience is business owners, executives, and IT professionals in the business field. It is also useful for students and for those with academic interests in business and the net. Usefulness: What the site lack in looks, makes up for content. There is a mix of scholarly works, articles, and news that go far back as 2006. Past issues are available only for the years 2008 and 2007. The articles are grouped into business management, business processes, integration, case studies and legacy application spotlight, innovation, SOA. The first four have further subdivisions. For example, a case study is given under the following headings – business services, education, energy, financial services, health care, hospitality, logistics manufacturin
International business is very well developed in Germany, this country trades with many states all around the world. Germany is one of the most powerful and influential traders in Europe. It manufactures and exports a wide range of various goods. At the same time, Kuwait is known to have strong trading relationships with countries of Asia. Kuwait mainly exports oil and petrol products. International business is promoted in the country by means of various international business institutions. Political systems of Kuwait and Germany are very different. Kuwait is a Unitary Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy, while Germany is a Democratic Republic. These differences affect the world of trades in relation to the way global trading negotiations are done. The kinds of leadership employed by both of these countries differ according to the political systems in them. Kuwaiti business leadership is unitary and German companies work in agreement with the beliefs of democracy. Economical relations between Germany and Kuwait are quite stable and untroubled. Among all the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council Kuwait confidently occupies the position of the fourth most significant market for the goods from Germany. As a result, Germany can be referred to as the main trading partner for Kuwait among all the members of the European Union. Legal systems have a lot of weaknesses in Kuwait. Corruption remains one of the biggest legal issues for this country (Kuwait, par. 5). Even though the government of Kuwait has started taking measures to address this problem, it still creates various inconveniences for the trading and international profile for the country. At the same time Germany is much more successful at this area, this country has managed to achieve a lot of success in its battle with corruption. Property rights index for Kuwait is 50.0, which is not very high. This means that the rights for owning property are not very well protected, so the property can be expropriated for various reasons. At the same time, in Germany legal laws and policies create full protection for the properties owned by foreigners on the territory of the country. One of the most important aspects of corporate governance is transparency. Some of the biggest companies of Kuwait readily publish their annual reports, but many still lack transparency of the business. Ku
Introduction Emotional intelligence (EI) is the “ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions” (Desimone, Werner and Harris 2002). There are various debates concerning EI. Some studies claim that EI is innate whereas others suggest that people can learn and improve their EI. Peter Salovey and John Mayer have studied EI since the year 1990. According to them, EI is “the subset of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions” (Salovey and Mayer 1990). Salovey and Mayer developed a model of EI consisting of four factors. First, they claimed that the initial stage of understanding EI involves accurate perception of emotions. Perceiving emotions involves understanding nonverbal forms of communication such as body signals. Second, there is also reasoning with emotions. This stage involves applying emotions so as to enhance mental activities. In this manner, emotions help individuals recognise things that attract attention. Third, there is understanding of emotions. This is because different emotions may reflect different meanings and people may attempt to interpret such emotions so as to understand their causes. Finally, the model also proposed management of emotions. This entails controlling emotions and responses as well as considering emotions of others. Salovey and Mayer claimed that they arranged the model from basic to high psychological processes. In other words, the lower levels compose of simple tasks such as perceiving and expressing emotions. Conversely, the higher levels consist of complex processes such as awareness, reflection and controlling emotions. Proponents of EI believe that both an individual and an organisation derive value from understanding EI effects on organisations and individual productivity. In most cases, majorities of workers devote limited time to personal development due to busy schedules and commitments. This affects organisations. As a result, organisations must develop employees’ development programmes in order to enhance EI. Organisations benefit from employees who are emotionally sensitive to customers and colleagues. This creates positive business relationships among all stakeholders. Investing in employees’ personal development increases productivity and motivation of the workforce. Individuals also benefit from developing EI in terms improving their relationships at workplaces and social life. At the same time, they also develop a better understanding and handling of emotional situations of others. The concept of EI also applies to organisational behaviours. It is relevant in the field of industrial and organisational psychology (I/O psychology). I/O psychology scientifically studies workforce, organisations, and workplaces (Robbins 2005). EI and I/O psychology enhance organisational development through improving the workplace environment, employees’ satisfaction and their well-being. Organisations can rely on I/O for improving their hiring processes, educative programmes,
The debate on iron and salt took place after King Wu’s reign. The reformists aimed at ridding the government of Wu’s dictatorial elements while the legalists aimed at maintaining the status quo. Each side took time to state its policies and expectations about the new government (Hansen 140). The legalists defended the government’s colonization of neighboring countries. According to them, the government had to colonize other countries for the sake of defending itself against enemy tribes. In response, the Confucian reformists said, “the Chinese have no business in the barbarian land of Central Asia. China should make peace with its neighbors and be content with their traditional boundaries” (De Bary and Bloom 360). The reformists thought it was irrelevant for China to colonize its neighbors. The second point of contention was the government’s control over the salt and iron industries. Legalists defended this position as necessary in protecting their citizens from exploitation. However, the reformists disproved this assertion by claiming that the government was only interested in increasing the number of profits it gained from the industries. They considered that move “competing with the people for profits from the industries” (De Bary and Bloom 361). Thirdly, legalists defended the government’s interest in the trade between China and western countries. They argued that trade brought many foreign goods to the country (Wilkinson 30). They cited fur, fruits, and precious stones as examples of the goods the government acquired from that business. In their response, the reformists declared the business insignificant to the poor citizens. According to their argument, the proceeds from the business went to the rich businesspersons and leaders. The only time the business needed the poor citizens was when the traders required people to work for them. Otherwise, the fur, precious stones, and exotic fruits went to the rich members of the society (De Bary and Bloom 362). Works Cited De Bary, William and Mary Bloom. Sources of Chinese Tradition , 1st ed, New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Print. Hansen, Valerie. The Open Empire , 1st ed, New York: Norton, 2000. Print. Wilkinson, Endymion Porter. Chinese History . 1st ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center for the Harvard-Yenching Institute, 2000. Print.
Introduction E-learning system use complicated technology which entails web-based integrated communications interfaces that supports shared calendaring, file sharing, email and document publishing (Akar et al ., 2004). Web accessibility entails making information and technology practical to the people with disabilities. The difference comes as a result of physical disabilities and Cognitive and neurology, where the learners require some input devices rather than keyboard and mouse. However, some may require special screen reader and voice recognition devices. Various principles and regulations have been introduced to satisfy and justify multiple users anecdotal with disability. Different types of element and objects can be used to code tools which can be recognized by keyboards. Windows developers emphasize on specific objects to code the opposite convenience web properties (Bleimann, 2004). A combination of document object model UI automation and HTML elements require API for coding. Information technology impact on e-learning is remarkable and requires a broad analysis. “Realizing the potential of ICT needs to be accompanied by the necessary resources and human support, together with social and institutional environment that is open to innovation and change” (Rubens and Heinze 2007, p. 56). This paper consists of a proposal for project which will explore e-leaning information system for advanced support accessibility. Research Aims This project will investigate a variety of tools that are used in e-learning to enhance accessibility of learning materials by both educators and students of higher institutions of learning (Dearnley, 2003). Use of HTML elements will be coded to text to speech software to bring forth semantic links and images which can assist the blind learners to interpret text. Color will be used to underline links for visual impairments and switch devices for learners who cannot access mouse as a result of tremors or diseases. This will be put into practice by use of standard keyboard. The research project is aimed at identifying the nature of e-learning information system accessibility, in the context of advanced technology. There is a continued need to provide innovative improvements on e-learning information system accessibility, to match with the changing needs of information technology (Angelina, 2002). It is not a surprise to find institutions of higher learning using outdated technology to provide access to their e-leaning services, particularly at the expense of users with disability. In particular, the study will focus on those tools that support access by disabled users, brought about by current e-learning’s new technological advancement. The study aims at focus precisely on web accessibility which results from emergent and advanced technology; a
Although the task of police is to represent and protect the rights of citizens regarding a variety of issues, including sexual harassment, the police sexual misconduct is often observed in police departments. In this case, the sexual misconduct can be directed toward victims, offenders, citizens, and fellow officers. Thus, female officers regularly report being sexually harassed by male fellow officers, and the case Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders (2004) should be discussed in this category. The purpose of this paper is to present the cause of the suit, analyze the results of the case, and propose possible actions and procedures to prevent the problem. Referring to the background of the case, it is necessary to focus on the details of the suit. Nancy Drew Suders, who was working for the Pennsylvania State Police Department as a communications operator, stated that she had to quit her job because she was sexually harassed by her three supervisors. Suders claimed that she started working in March of 1998, and she was suffering from the sexual harassment till August of 1998. Sexual harassment included conversations of supervisors on sexual topics in front of Suders, abusive comments on the sexual behaviors, and obscene gestures. Suders also noted that she was accused of the theft related to the computer-skills exam that was initiated several times and not graded by the supervisors. As a result, Suders claimed that sexual harassment led her to constructive discharge (“Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders”). However, the district court judge protected the interests of the employer because Suders failed to complete the internal procedures in the police department to report the problem. Suders needed to appeal in order to protect her interests. While focusing on the causes of the suit, it is necessary to state that such variants of the sexual harassment that include conversations on sexual topics, abusive comments, and obscene gestures are categorized as nonsexual or indirect sexual contacts that are also discussed under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and legal anti-harassment policies. The abusive behavior of the supervisors made Suders protect her rights and dignity and become interested in the papers regarding her examination. As a result of working in the intolerable environment, Suders contacted the officer responsible for discussing the cases of equal opportunity and harassment, but Suders was unable to file a report because she was not provided with the necessary information. This situation led to the statement of the court, according to which the employer was discussed as non-responsible for the sexual harassment case because the employer provided Suders with opportunities to report the problem and correct the experienced sexua