ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Teachers take the most crucial role not only in developing the minds of the students, but also in keeping the students interested and motivated to learn. Hence, the plan, processes and the very execution of the teacher’s plan should always be focused on the students. To be an effective educator, it is not enough that the teacher knows how to teach the subject but also one must learn to keep and maintain the power of enhancing the students’ ability and skills through motivation. And as a teacher, he/she must know how to deal with various kinds of students. He/she must be well aware on how to be objective in his/her treatment keeping up with his ultimate goal, which is to teach and help develop the students in any way possible. Discussions The above stated qualities are the very attributes that one of my teachers has that is why I sincerely like her. To discuss specifically, below are the characteristics that my teacher has shown, which make me admire and like her as an educator:   * Clarity of presentation – The teacher that I am referring to knows how to communicate clearly about course objectives, content and testing, making sure too that she would be able to provide a rationale for learning particular material and adapt instruction to her student’s level of knowledge and skill. In the case of teaching languages, she also knows how to make her students realize the importance of knowing and learning such language.   * Review – I particularly like this teacher because she is able to review prerequisite knowledge as the foundation for new knowledge. Like for example, in teaching second language, my teacher normally begins by reviewing the students on the current language they are using. Needless to say, my teacher must make the students realize that they need to be fluent first with their native language prior to learning the second language.   * Planning – My teacher is very familiar with current research and at the same time, she, from time to time, develop outlines for each class, beginning with information about the students’ preparation and skills and prepares for contingencies and “opportune moments” for teaching. In this planning style, my teacher is aware of the various methods and/or visual aids that she could use in making her students understand the topic more. Or even the kind of approaches such as voice projection and hand gestures that she may use.   * Feedback – I see my teacher as an effective teacher because she not only provide ideas and knowledge, but also she knows how to ask questions requiring students to reflect, evaluate, connect ideas while providing clear and specific responses to student comments and follows a correct response to a question with another question. A one-on-one or group discussions and asking questions
Introduction The current marketing environment has been affected by various factors of globalization, both positive and negative. However, modern marketing is a product of standardization and globalization. Whenever there are instances of cross-cultural communication, all businesses that occur within this environment must take culture into consideration. Consequently, the ability to understand cultural differences and their abounding elements is very important to the subject of international marketing. When marketing a product or a service across different cultures, the goal is to simplify and organize the abounding cultural environment so as to understand it better. Various social scientists have attempted to come up with various frameworks of analyzing cultural differences. However, none of these methods is exhaustive because they are hundreds of angles through which a culture can be analyzed. This paper compares cultures in two countries in regards to the marketing needs of various products and services. The cross-cultural examination covers the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as the resident culture and the United States of America (USA) as the ‘newly explored’ culture. UAE v. USA in Cultural Terms The UAE is one of the countries in the Arabian Gulf, where the dominant culture is Arabic. UAE is a “region with a very large expatriate working population, where individuals have to make their own behavior and attitudinal choices within social frameworks that encompass family, organization, and the society at large” (Brown 55). The Emirati of Dubai is the capital of the UAE and thereby the most culturally diverse area in the region. Dubai is a melting point of world culture where Arabic, European, Asian, and African cultures are adequately represented. A majority of UAE’s regions are tolerant of all other cultures even the ones that do not consist of any Islamic elements. Naturalized UAE citizens only consist of 20% of the total resident population. On the other hand, the expatriate population consists of “1.75 million Indians, 1.25 million Pakistanis, 500,000 Bangladeshis, 1 million other Asian nationals, and 500,000 Westerners” (Gannon 44). In total, it is estimated that there are approximately 40 nationalities in UAE at any given time. The mixture of cultures within the UAE is bound to elicit strong cross-cultural communication elements. On the other hand, the cultural outlook of the USA is summed up by its claim to be ‘the land of the free and the home of the brave’. Unlike the UAE, the USA’s culture originates from several cultures of people who mostly migrated from Europe. Consequently, the American culture consists of significant elements of British/European culture. The constituents of the American culture include European, Asian, African, Latin, and other elements. American citizens share a common goal of economic advancement without favoritism. Some of the deeply rooted cultures in America have been brought about by “its legacy and enacted values of slavery and the persistence of economic and social inequalities based on race” (Minkov 12). The American culture is highly individualistic and people rarely d
Introduction Considering the current dept crisis facing the Dubai’s World real estates and the government, a constructive engagement with the creditors would be very helpful for its acceleration on economic growth as well as its dependants who are mainly the developing countries benefiting from its exports of the wide range of products and machinery. The creditors of a county require equal treatment for a positive impact to the already experienced market uncertainty. This calls for urgent and regular communication with the creditors and investors with the aim of orderly and timely solutions. The credible factors the United Arabs Emirates ought to address urgently include the reputation ruined by the property sector (real Estates). The international investor confidence remains dented thus lowering the value of equity, risk basic coverage and its future access to international markets. When the risk repugnance is high among traders, the conditions for acquiring credit become more restricted. Finally, the financial losses have a huge impact to the overall balance sheets to the household level. These consequences require the support of the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank assistance. The support from the international financial institutions acts as a prevention or resolution facility that entails flexibility on the credit offers as per the urgency of the needs. Possible positive effects of IMF/World Bank on the UAE The IMF and World Bank financial support, development advice and security assessment and validation policies would be very important during this global financial crisis. Considering the UAE, which is one of the world’s chief oil exporters, the decline on the oil prices would highly affect the revenue thus leading to the country’s economical reduction. The lowered oil prices mainly affect the expenditure patterns of the public while a weak global economy affects on the tourism of the country considering that it is one of the most visited country by tourists from all over the world. The country’s revenue mostly comes from the oil exports and thus the eminent reason why the financial bodies would work conjunctively to supplement the lost income and offer financial support to the economy. The regional and global trade deal holds status of the banking sector for a country like the UAE. More favourable work conditions that support economical growth and capital markets can work out through proper liberalisation. The IMF and World Bank are financial institutions that provide the required comfort zone of capitalization and profits through the expansion of the economy. As a financial institution, the IMF is in a position to recommend regulations that govern the risks involved in mortgages and lending in the real estates by financial institutions. Taking the situation in UAE, the fall on the real estates sector would compromise the quality of consumer loans. Mostly the effects on the loan may come about due to the lending standards by other financial institutions due to competition. One major benefit the IMF provides to its members entails the surveillance. For an
Problem Statement Thesis Statement The purpose of this study is to explore conceptual framework of Theory X and Theory Y along with case study of different companies, such as, Apple, easyJet, Ford Motor, Google, and Facebook to strengthening the performance of the leaders to achieve organizational goals. Research Questions   * To what extent Theory X and Theory Y applicable to lead the companies at the time of globalisation;   * To what extent, the theoretical framework of leadership style has encouraged and developed;   * What are the impacts of Theory X on different companies like Apple, easyJet and Ford Motor   * What are the consequence of Theory Y on the employees of global brands Literature Review Conceptual Framework of Theory X According to the McGregor’s Theory X, it is a hard approach where manager’s role is to control their employees strictly and forcefully (Robbins and Judge 189; Iqbal, Sumaira, Madiha and Anam 12). In addition, Iqbal, Sumaira, Madiha and Anam (12) stated that Theory X based on coercion, close supervision, implicit threats; on the other hand, Robbins and Judge (189) said that Theory X assumes that lower order needs dominate individuals of the Maslow’s framework, therefore, the managers under this approach never consider participative decision making. However, mainly four factors influence the managers to use autocratic approach, such as –   * Workers naturally dislike work and endeavor to avoid it (Robbins and Judge 189);   * As they are not interested to perform, they must be controlled strictly with punishment to reach objectives (Iqbal, Sumaira, Madiha and Anam 12);   * In addition, the employees are self-centered and have no ambition, so, try to avoid responsibility (Robbins and Judge 189);   * They are also concentrating more on the security issue avoiding aims of the company (Robbins and Judge 189); However, four leadership styles fall under Theory X and these are: Figure 1: Leadership styles consistent with Theory X In the era of globalisation, most of the multinational companies avoid this approach considering the key characteristics of this style, for instance, the oldest and hardest Autocratic approach is power-centered, which ignoring preferences of the employees, though some times leaders provide rewards and penalties for the outstandi
Introduction The rise of social media (SM) has changed the way people engage with each other and with businesses. An increasing number of people create accounts on various platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and others every day. For example, in the last decade, the user base of Twitter, one of the most popular microblogging websites and applications, grew from 30 to 330 million individuals (Number of monthly active Twitter users 2019). Thus, it is clear why businesses would want to adapt to a communication channel for their profit. The question of whether consumer decisions have changed due to the influence of SM arises as a result. This essay aims to examine the role of SM in purchasing decisions, investigating such phenomena as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), social influencer culture, targeted advertising, and algorithms. The main framework introduced in the analysis is the Veblenian socio-psychological model, and the essay argues that SM users’ consumer behaviors are strongly influenced by shared information, trust, and other users’ perceived authority. Social Media To understand the role of SM in consumer behaviors, one has to see which functions do such platforms perform in people’s everyday lives. Sohail and Al-Jabri (2017) state the SM has opened up new channels for communication among people, permitting users to talk in groups, exchange instant messages, share various media types, and access content uploaded from different parts of the world. The evolution of the internet and SM, therefore, resulted in a new environment that had its specific channels of connecting people in real-time. However, SM is unique from other media and communication channels because it is a combination of the private and public approaches to interaction. It provides knowledge to the public in video and text format similar to television, newspapers, and magazines (Lucius & Hanson 2016). In this case, SM presents a collection of one-sided information that can be further discussed by other users. At the same time, it helps to share people’s own thoughts and allows for direct and private communication between users, providing feedback directly to authors and receiving answers from them. Such a level of flexibility, in addition to social media’s increased outreach, is what separates social media platforms from other ways of information sharing. Social Influences on Consumer Behaviour Among the numerous approaches to consumer behavior, the Veblenian socio-psychological model places emphasis on social factors and people’s reliance on particular community characteris
How to Implement HP’s Strategies at the Coca-Cola Company The management of the Coca-Cola Company will need to implement HP’s strategies to improve project management. The best way of implementing this strategy is to introduce an educational program at the company. The new program will require all employees to be taken through formal training every year to equip them with skills on managing emerging customer needs, changing forces in the internal and external environment, and challenges that may arise in their respective departments (Sindi & Roe, 2017). The company may need to partner with local higher learning institutions to facilitate the regular training of employees. At this company, the goal will be to equip employees with project management skills and empower them to become innovative in their workplaces. How to Use the Information to Implement Change in the Simulation The information provided in the HP case study provides a new approach to using simulation to help employees to understand various issues in the workplace environment. When using this information, it may be necessary to introduce some changes in the simulation approaches used at this company. First, the management will need to integrate continual learning and simulation to improve the overall outcome (Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson, 2017). In this new approach, the simulation will be part of the training process. After taking employees through the training process, a simulation will be used to put their newly acquired skills to the test in a virtual environment. They will be required to implement the new models and strategies in the virtual environment introduced in training sessions. It will offer them a unique opportunity to supervise how the issue will be when they implement them in their workplaces. Common mistakes will be identified through such simulations and corrective measures taken to address them. The biggest strength of this approach is that it reduces mistakes committed when employees are allowed to work at their actual stations away from the training environment. The Challenges of Strategy Implementation It is important to note that when implementing this strategy, various challenges may be met that may affect the desired outcome. One of the biggest challenges is that HP and the
Organization structures First, it is worth noting that there is a conspicuous yet much-hidden distinction between product management and project management when dealing with organizational structures. As a matter of fact, both of these concepts are usually applied when addressing management roles (Kerzner, 2009). Successful execution of projects that leads to final delivery is usually under the docket of project management. Hence, project management is undertaken once with a clearly stipulated budget, deadline, scope as well as goals. In addition, other expected constraints are usually outlined in project management. Therefore, alignment of resources in terms of need and availability, risk management as well as coordination of the diverse projects and activities is carried out by project managers within an organizational structure (Kerzner, 2009). Moreover, project management may be executed as part and parcel of the building product portfolio. It may also assist in improving the existing features of a product or even develop better and improved designs or versions of other new products. It is also important to mention that project management is transitional since project managers will usually transfer their roles to different projects once the former is completed. On the other hand, the continual, as well as overall well being of a product in an organization, is undertaken through product management. Hence, the entire lifecycle of a product is managed by a product manager who makes sure that the new product attains the desired goals in the market. While product management should be ongoing throughout the life of an organization, project management is usually short-lived depending on the number of tasks to be executed. Competition, profit squeeze, product efficiency, as well as inflation, are vital parameters to consider whenever organizational restructuring is carried out. While most products may perform well in less competitive markets, it is worth noting that competition may hardly be invited in most perfect marketing situations. One of the causes of completion is the declined profit margin for given products. It is worth noting that profit optimization is the key aim of any business entity, and whenever the latter is interfered with, the performance of an organization may equally be jeopardized. Organizations will always endeavor to be the best in the market by increasing their levels of competitiveness within their various product portfolios. In addition, saturated markets often culminate into low demand occasioned by high supply. This may also lead to increased levels of completion (Kerzner, 2009). Moreover, a high rate of inflation in any given economy lowers the purchasing
Introduction There are many types of disasters that can pose a threat to both small and large groups of people. An earthquake is a unique type of natural disaster in which there is a shaking of our planet’s surface. Earthquakes often present a short series of shocks, but sometimes these shocks can be really intense and may even last for a few hours or days. When discussing the characteristics of earthquakes, it is necessary to take into consideration the Richter scale, which is used to define the magnitude of an earthquake. As for examples of this type of disaster, perhaps the most notable is the Valvidia earthquake that happened almost sixty years ago and is still believed to be the most powerful one in history. The consequences of this event were really devastating, resulting in a large tsunami that affected more than six countries besides Chile. It is obvious that such a serious disaster would have perceptible consequences; apart from the major tsunami, this earthquake also caused a series of landslides and seiches in different parts of the country. Analysis Earthquakes are believed to be one of the most dangerous natural disasters, and they can have a lot of negative effects on both the community and the environment. Indeed, these effects are usually interconnected as it is often impossible to destroy manmade objects without also doing harm to the natural environment. The effects of earthquakes on the community include the following:   * An increased number of accidents involving above-ground transport   * Destruction of roads and houses   * A great number of human injuries and casualties   * Destruction of manmade safety and security systems, which may also cause a lot of human death   * An increased number of occupational accidents Moreover, earthquakes can be extremely dangerous for the environment of our planet. In fact, there are many negative consequences of this disaster that cause environmental deterioration. Several notable effects of earthquakes on the environment include:   * Higher probability of tsunami occurrence   * Greater emission of pollutants due to occupational accidents   * Animal deaths leading to the possible extinction of certain species   * The occurrence of stationary surface waves   * Flooding Conclusion Considering the fact that different disasters may have serious consequences for human society and our planet, people around the world are paying greater attention to training specialists who will be able to mitigate the effects of various disasters and help citizens as necessary. Indeed, there are many different emergency responders who specialize in various types of emergency situations. For instance, in case of fire, the emergency responders are firefighting teams that consist of a few members including paramedics who administer first aid. As for floods