ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
For the past few decades, many major corporations (Google, Apple, Intel, IBM, 3M, etc.) have been actively implementing the corporate culture of intrapreneurship. Giving the employees a chance to test their entrepreneurial capabilities and define the company’s future has proven to be an effective managerial tool. This paper addresses the importance of intrapreneurs in corporations, how they differ from other employees, and the reward system. Stimulation of entrepreneurial thinking has recently become a standard practice in IT corporations, as the increasing competition calls for new methods of operation. According to Prieto et al. (2020), “firms must become more intrapreneurial, to survive in this current global environment where the new mantra is “innovate or die” (p. 93). Therefore, activities like Google “hackathons” are crucial for big companies to develop innovative projects. Intrapreneurs act much like entrepreneurs compared to the “regular” employees in the companies. Herger (2016) cites self-motivation, high energy, and mindfulness as the key qualities for an intrapreneur. Prieto et al. (2020) argue that to adopt the culture of intrapreneurship, companies should provide employees with more power, knowledge, training, and an effective rewards system. Overall, intrapreneurs are the employees who have the motivation to go the extra mile for the company. The reward system for intrapreneurship differs between the companies significantly. Herger (2016) argues that monetary rewards often lead to disruptive behaviors, praising the corporations that build labs for the intrapreneurs instead or even allowing them to create their branch of the company. The opportunity to fully accomplish their project often proves to be the best reward for the employees with an entrepreneurial attitude. The well-being of the employees directly contributes to the efficiency of the company. Meister and Brown (2020) mention that in recent years several corporations introduced new HR roles that are responsible for the employee experience within the company. Coronavirus has forced companies to look for new methods to increase employee engagement, as most of them have to work remotely now. Intrapreneurship has become a vital element of the corporate culture in recent years. Competition forces large companies to look for new solutions to boost their creative output. The facilitation of entrepreneurial thinking has proven to be an effective measure for the major players in the IT field. The success of intrapreneurship at these compan
Introduction Physical education is part of elementary education curriculum that promotes playing or body movement activities of students. It thus involves forms of education on techniques and knowledge on games and general body locomotion. Physical education has been widely applied in primary and secondary school levels across the globe. This paper seeks to discuss the need for quality physical education within elementary schools. The paper will look into the benefits of such quality physical education and how the quality can be achieved. Physical education Physical education entails learning about motions of the body with the aim of developing physical fitness of an individual. Learnt through direct engagement in practicing, physical education has been identified as a tool to nurturing of skills in sports as well as body developments that include social, emotional and intellectual growth of the person who undertakes it. The benefits that are derived from elements of physical education thus induce its importance and the need to provide it in a qualitative nature (Study notes, 2011). Benefits of physical education in elementary schools Provision of quality physical education in elementary schools is of considerable importance because of its advantages to students. One of the benefits of the physical education is the level of physical fitness that it induces to the students. In undertaking body movements under physical education, body muscles are kept active under exercise thus making them fit. Under this induced muscular fitness, a person is able to make body responses to the environment. One of the benefits of such response capacity is in sports where a participant is supposed to make responsive advances towards actions of his or her opponent. A much active body that is developed under the physical education exercises thus helps students to develop their capacity in sports through enhanced body fitness (Study notes, 2011). Continuous physical activity of the body has also been identified to help in some of the biological processes in the body. One of such benefits is the building and maintaining of “healthy bones, muscles and joints” (CDC, n.d., 1). Bones, muscles and joints in an individual’s body forms the basic mechanism of body movements especially from one place to another. Any malfunctioning of these as experienced in cases of cramps or injuries can limit a person’s movement abilities. Developed bones, joints and muscles through such physical activities play an important role in reducing their chances of succumbing to injuries and defects. This aspect of physical education thus establishes it as a necessity in the lives of students to help them develop a stronger body. Physical education
Introduction Many companies around the world underline the high importance of creating effective working conditions. Different strategies and approaches are taken to establish the work process, which is free from any kind of obstructions. The comfort of employees now has a high priority. Although most companies failed to accomplish this challenging task, there are several successful examples. Despite investing enormous resources in creating benefits for employees, these companies develop and get richer. The purpose of this paper is to analyze measures for improving working conditions applied by organizations, which provide the best workplaces. Google Google is considered to be one of the best places in the world to work, and there are many good reasons to state that. Abundant benefits provided to employees amaze and attract a lot of applicants. Onsite facilities like fitness centers, medical and child care were established to improve the health of the staff (Fortune, 2017). High-quality food, which is free, contributes to a satisfying working environment as well. Also, small bonuses like free haircuts or laundry services do a great job of delighting the personnel. Such strategies as addressing personal needs motivate members of a group team and increase their efficacy (Losh, 2011). Another important aspect, which raises the efficiency of this company, is group cohesion. There are several features, which distinguish a cohesive team. Members of such a team have common goals, and their skills and abilities are compatible (Losh, 2011). The combination of these factors cultivates the team spirit, which greatly enhances cooperation. One of Google’s policies emphasizes the importance of dependability and psychological safety (Great place to work, 2017b). Among other characteristics, dependability implies the understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of co-workers regarding which the most effective decisions are made. Psychological safety creates an encouraging environment. Workers feel free to share their views without the fear of disapproval. The Boston Consulting Group Another famous for its achievements company is the Boston Consulting Group. Its workplaces are appreciated by numerous staff members. The focus on satisfying the personal needs of employees makes this company a highly appealing place to work for many professionals. Among other advantages, the consulting group offers health coverage, unlimited sick days and college tuition reimbursement (Fortune, 2017). These are the most winning benefits as they meet the main interests of the majority of people. Also, it is worth mentioning that the policy aimed against any type of discrimination attracts specialists no
What is Augmented Reality? Augmented reality (AR) is a type of perception technology that integrates digital and real-life content into a singular, solid system. Amin and Govilkar (2015) identify AR as an instrument that allows the user to directly access attached information in real-time, to fully understand the context or purpose of a certain process or an object. Therefore, AR can enrich our visual and hearing perceptions of the surrounding environment. At the same time, a distinction must be made between augmented and virtual reality (VR), as the two terms are wrongfully considered to be interchangeable. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of AR, compare and contrast it to VR, and highlight the technology as well as the benefits and opportunities of its application. History of Augmented Reality The idea of enhancing and augmenting reality through artificial means is novel, but not new. The first attempts to do so were implemented in the 17th century, using mirrors, light, and shadows to create illusory images. One of the most famous applications of such included the “Pepper’s Ghost” – a popular technique used in European theaters (Billinghurst, Clark & Lee 2015). The principles behind modern AR are different, however, as they utilize digital technology instead of physical special effects to enhance and augment the existing perceptions of reality. The first application of AR in the modern sense of the word dates back to 1963 when Ivan Sutherland developed a Sketch-Pad. He later continued his studies at Harvard University and created the prototype AR system, which went operational in 1968. The invention “combined a CRT-based optical see-through hea
Case study is a scientific scrutiny of a social event with an aim to provide demystified information. Case study uses different methods, for example, a case study on medicine may not necessarily use the same method the case study on management can use. Case study therefore, can be applied in any discipline, although historically it has always been associated with social sciences. This paper seeks to establish whether a case study manager should belong to a sole discipline, whether formal training is necessary for a case study manager, and whether there is any development in the career of an individual case study manager. The second part of the paper is a post-mortem on why depression is massive among the American people, why it is difficult to treat, and what can be done to treat it more effectively. Case study is an intensive research done on various phenomena. For instance, a researcher could carry a case study on the drug abuse, another case study can be carried out on cancer management, or it can look into the causes of massive school dropout among young girls. The researcher does not need to belong to one specific discipline in order to clealy grasp the case to be studied. It is important to have enough knowledge of the subject. Since case studies are carried out on different disciplines therefore, a case study manager is not only confined to one particular discipline, for example, one could be a social worker, a nurse, or an independent worker. The case study requires the use of different research methods, depending on the case to be studied so as to provide quality information. This means that, one has to use different scientific methods in order to achieve quality research. As such, it is important for the researcher to have formal training so that by means of integrating a lot of research methods and skills, one may produce a valid and detailed case study. Case study manager is a very dynamic profession because every day there are new cases coming up that require astute study, answers, and remedies. The rate at which technology is advancing is a clear sign that researchers will use less energy to access information, an attribute that will lead to a positive development of the case manager in the future. Depression is one of the mental illnesses, affecting plenty of Americans today. The study shows that depression is on increase in America, rising to about 17.5 million patients every year (Disano, 2009). At its initial stages, depression would be easily treated by means of proper medication. However, advanced depression, such as bipolar disorder, for example, is difficult to treat. Given that there are different causes o
Introduction Fossil records reveal a wide study of the evolution of the horse. Horses belong to the modern-day members of Equidae. The horse belongs to the same class as zebras, asses, and donkeys. These members have long legs and run fast. These characteristics are believed to be adaptations for the horse to live on open grasslands. This species belongs to the genus Equus. It is the last alive offspring of a family known to have had more than 30 genera tracing back to the Eocene period 50 Million years ago. This paper examines the evolutionary trend of the horse. The First Horse The first horse was miniature, short-legged, and had broad feet. Figure 1.0 shows the Hyracotherium sandrae. Its shape was different from the modern day horse (Mihlbachler et al. 1178). Figure 1.0 Hyracotherium sandrae, the earliest horses. Change in Size These species lived in wooden habitats where they browsed on leaves and herbs. Mihlbachler et al. say that these species had unique ways of escaping predators including ducking through openings in the forests and running fast (1180). The evolutionary path of the horse has seen various trait changes through time. The most notable change is the increase in body size as shown in figure 1.2. Figure 1.2 Changes in Horse Size. Fossil records indicate that for the first 30 million years, the horse was the size of a dog (Holmes, VandeBerg, and Cox 291). Then, little by little, it increased gradually through time as shown in figure 1.2. Toe Reduction However, after that period, some different lineages have continually showed rapid and substantial changes in size (Secord et al. 959). As a result, the equid evolutionary tree shows a decreasing trend in some branches as exhibited in figure 1.3. Figure 1.3. Increase and reduction changes of the horse. This change involved mainly toe reduction (Holmes, VandeBerg, and Cox 291). Its feet have a single toe. Tough bony hooves encase the toes. This adaptation helps the horse to run fast through long distance. Conversely, the Hyracotherium had four toes on its front feet and three on its hind feet, which were enclosed in fleshy pads rather than hooves (Shoemaker and Clauset 215). In addition, early fossils reveal transition through time (Secord et al 959). It involved lengthening of the central toe coupled with growth of the bony hoof. At the same time, its other toes reduced and then finally lost (Shoemaker and Clauset 215). Researchers argue that the evolution trends of the horse present simultaneous changes that are different from the branches of its evolutionary tree (Secord et al. 959). Another important evolution change was the lengthening of the skeletal structure of its limbs. Shoemaker and Clauset argue that this adaptation enables the horse to run fast for long distances (219). Tooth size and shape Another significant evolution change involved the
Introduction The debate about euthanasia is becoming broader as a result of the increase in the number of complex ailments. Looking at euthanasia from different perspectives reveals that it is largely an ethical issue. There is a division between those who support the practice and those who oppose it based on voluntary grounds. The main question that is raised concerning the practice of euthanasia revolves around the effects of legalizing it and its impact on the value of life. This paper takes the position that euthanasia should not be legalized because it goes against the principle of the sacredness of life. Understanding euthanasia McDougall, Gorman and Roberts (2008) define euthanasia as an easy way to terminate the life of a person. According to Chao, Chan and Chan (2002), euthanasia is not merely considered as an ethical issue in the field of medicine, but it is also a legal, political, and philosophical issue. As observed in the introduction, the debate about euthanasia is expanding because of the nature of the arguments that are given in support and against the practice. One of the arguments, especially from the proponents, is that this practice can be incorporated in the law as a way of eliminating the negative attributes of euthanasia. From the religious perspective, it is apparent that life is sacred and should not be terminated by a human being in any way. Euthanasia, which is equivalent to the termination of life, can be equated to a total breach of the principle of the sacredn
Section 21 of the Australian consumer law states that in trade or commerce in connection with the supply or possible supply of goods or services of any kind to a person other then a listed public company, a person must not engage in it that is unconscionable and deceptive under all circumstances (Gerard Brody, 2010). This proceeding concerns the circumstances surrounding an installation of a swimming pool. Unfortunately, Dan and Meg sign the contract without prior legal advice to read it through again and check on the exclusion clause and other clauses that are unrelated to the contract. According to the Australian Consumer Law, the legal issue in the case of Dan and Meg vs. Pool and Tools PTY LTD is unconscionable, deceptive and misleading conduct (Gerard Brody, 2010). This is a result of unwilling of the sale representative, an employee of Pool and Tool PTY LTD, to offer explanation to the plaintiffs before the contract was signed. The law under section 21 uses a special disadvantage principle over Dan and Meg due to their lack of knowledge of the matters at issue as the sale representative did not offer explanation concerning the terms of the contract. The plaintiffs signed a contract they did not fully understand which included clauses that were totally unrelated to the issue. This kind of action by the PTY Company is misleading and deceptive as well as unconscionable for the part of the plaintiffs. The plaintiffs who were installed a swimming pool in the backyard were advised to sign a contract by
In this article, David Carter examines the ideas of Carl Jung and their current relevance. First of all, the author points out that this psychologist took interest in many questions such as evolutionary development, aggression, superstition, and biases (2011, p. 442). These issues continue to attract the attention of modern researchers. Additionally, this scholar focuses on such a concept as collective unconscious developed Carl Jung (2011, p. 444). This notion can throw light on many aspects of group behavior. Additionally, David Carter refers to empirical studies that can demonstrate the validity of Jungian theories (2011, p. 447). The author discusses studies that examine the relations between physiological processes within the brain and some of the ideas introduced by Carl Jung. Furthermore, David Carter focuses on Jungian concept of archetype and the way in which it was developed. He discusses the relevance of this concept to modern psychologists. This author argues that the questions raised by Karl Jung will be further examined by later generations of psychologists. Overall, this source gives a good overview of Jungian theories. This article can be of great use to students who have some background knowledge of psychology. Nevertheless, the discussion given by David Carter can help the readers better understand the complexities of Jungian theories and their importance for contemporary psychology. This is the main argument that one can make. Robert Dolliver (1994) discusses various personality theories, especially those ones that are related to extraversion and introversion. In particular, the writer compares the ideas of Jung, Adler, and Freud. It should be noted that Car Jung was one of the first psychologists who introduced various personality types. Furthermore, he introduced such types as extraverts and introverts (Dolliver, 1994, p. 195). Jung did not provide the definition of these terms, but he always strived to determine whether a person was concerned with ones internal life or interpersonal relations (Dolliver, 1994). In his opinion, the tendency to introversion or extroversion shapes the behavior of a person. This is one of the main contributions that Jung made to psychology because such concepts as introversion and extraversion are often used by social researchers and educators. On the whole, this source.can be of great value to people who are interested in the development of Jungian theories. First of all, the author shows that how the ideas
The Cosmological Argument There are many arguments and justifications regarding the existence of God. Some people argue that there is God, while others believe that God does not exist. The arguments that support the existence of God can be divided into two categories; the posterior arguments and the ‘ a priori’ arguments (Rowe 16). The former refers to the arguments that are developed based on the premise that is only known through the experience that people have in the world. The latter, on the other hand, is based on the premises that can be known without the world experiences. One of the arguments that have been developed is the Cosmological Argument. This is an argument that supports the fact that there is a God. The other two arguments are the Ontological Argument and the Design Argument. The Cosmological Argument is a posteriori argument. The Design Argument is also a posteriori argument, but the Ontological Argument is a priori argument . The Cosmological Argument has two parts. The first part attempts to prove the existence of a being that is not like other beings, while the second part of the argument proves that this special being has some features, such as perfect goodness, omniscience, and omnipotence. Moreover, this being is the creator of the world, and it is separate and independent of the world. The two parts of the Cosmological Argument face objections from other philosophers, with the first part being the most objected. The first part states that “every being (that exists or ever did exist) is either a dependent being or a self-existing being. Not every being can be a dependent being; therefore, there exists a self-existing being” (Rowe 18). A dependent being is a kind of being whose existence can only be accounted for by the results of the activities carried out by other things. In other words, it is the kind of being whose existence can only be explained by another being. On the other hand, a self-existent being is a being whose existence does not have to be explained by another being, but its own nature accounts for its existence. God is a self-existing being (Rowe 17). The premises of the first part of the Cosmological Argument and the part that has been focused on in the article have been criticized for not being deductively valid. In other words, they are said to be true, but their conclusions are not true. For instance, the argument states that God is a self-existing being, but it fails to provide enough grounds to prove that God really exists. The premises are true, as God is truly a self-existing being. However, the conclusion that God exists is not true because they fail to prove that God truly exists. The argument is good because it is able to justify the existence of a special being, but it is not deductively valid because it fails to prove the existence of God. The Carnap’s discussion about the explanation using the laws can be connected to the Cosmological Argument. The argument by Carnap does not explain why God exists. Instead, it tr