ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In post-war America, the fight against racism threatened to turn the country upside down. The struggle reached a climax in the mid 1960s, and in the midst of it all were two charismatic and articulate leaders, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. Their philosophical differences forced them to be at odds with each other as each strategized about how to win the fight for equality and justice for African Americans. Yet, these Civil Rights leaders shared certain attributes. Their similarities allowed them to cross paths and establish common ground, while their actions made them iconic leaders of the African American race. Their shared passion for freedom and equality made them targets, and their commitment to their ideals caused them to die in the prime of their lives from an assassin’s bullet. Irony particularly surrounds the violent death of Martin Luther King, Jr., whose political ideas were deemed too passive and unradical by some critics. Yet, his contributions helped to shape contemporary African American politics. Similarities Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X walked different paths; however, there were commonalities between them. For instance, both championed an end to the status quo. Furthermore, both men agreed that American society could be transformed only through dramatic changes in attitude and actions at the individual, community and national levels. Each man believed that he had a major role to play in this struggle, and each leader altered his birth name to monikers we now consider legendary. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born Michael King, and Malcolm X was christened as Malcolm Little. [1] Their ideas and words came from a religious base. Both were ministers in their respective religions. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the son, grandson and the great grandson of Baptist ministers, and when he grew up, it was unsurprising that he became a fourth generation Baptist minister. [2] Malcolm X was also a preacher’s son. He joined the Nation of Islam while incarcerated and then became a lay leader in the Muslim religion. When King and Malcolm X spoke, their power and charisma were obvious and their distinctive styles were honed in their respective congregations. The ideas that each brought forth were characterized by religious undertones and influenced by sacred doctrine. Their political ideas stemmed from a hope that all African Americans would be ale to walk the streets with their heads held high. A dream of total emancipation from the negative effects of slavery and the desire for freedom in all aspects of life. In Martin Luther King, Jr.’s famous speech at the March on Washington, he said, “It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream . that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.’” [3] This excerpt illustrates the burning passion in his heart. The same can be said of Malcolm X who refused to accept standard discriminatory practices and was consumed by a vision that someday African Americans would no longer be treated as second-class citizens. Both their teachin
One could claim that the very act of creating art that makes an original statement never uttered before is a controversy in itself. Thus, arguably, every art piece that has been defined as a seminal work representing a specific movement could be seen as an example of artistic controversy as it challenged people’s perception of how reality could be interpreted. Nevertheless, when looking for the artworks that have stirred a storm not only within their niche artistic communities but created a controversy on a larger social scale, one might consider Guerilla Girls’ 1989 piece, “Do Women Have to Be Naked to Get into the Met Museum?” By using shock value as the means of attracting people’s attention to the problem of the objectification of women, “Do Women Have to Be Naked […]” makes a bold and powerful statement that creates premises for a larger discussion of gender inequality. The art piece in question is a provocative statement that has prompted a shift in the perception of women within the artistic community. Having chosen an unusual medium defined officially as “color offset lithograph on illustration board,” the anonymous artists created an image of a female body that meets the traditional beauty standards topped with a head of an ape (Guerilla Girls, 1989). The work contributes to the social dilemma of women being objectified and undervalued within American society (Lopez, 2018). The work has a unique aesthetic that challenges the viewer’s perception of beauty and evokes a feeling of confusion. With the sharp contrast of an aesthetically impeccable female body taken from “La Grande Odalisque 1814” and the head of a gorilla, the poster reflects the human condition by perceiving members of vulnerable groups as objects (Guerilla Girls, 1989). The art piece relates to my life directly since my community also has a problem with providing women with equal rights and freedoms. Remarkably, the work has been censored since the time of its conception. Originally expected to be a part of the New York Museum of Modern Art’s exhibition, the artwork was finally rejected from the exhibition (Guerilla Girls, 1989). Similarly, the Public Art Fund refused to put the poster on a billboard as the Guerilla Girls requested after renting the space (Guerilla Girls, 1989). Finally, the poster was hung during the night, when Guerilla Girls could install it anonymously (Guerilla Girls, 1989). Therefore, the history of the art piece exemplifies the problem that the poster addresses. Despite the controversy, the aesthetically challenging image, and the seemingly simple concept used for “Do Women Have to Be Naked […],” the artwork must be considered as such and exhibited in a museum. Influenced by a combination of minimalism and neo-conceptualism, “Do Women Have to Be Naked […]” represents a social statement made in a way that affects people’s perception of women in art (Martin & Jacobus, 2014). Moreover, it does so by incorp
Introduction Hamden is a county situated in the state of Connecticut (Hamden Economic and Community Development 1). Just like any other county in the United States of America, it has in place several programs that are targeted at providing social and other services to the inhabitants. The local authority in Hamden is in charge of the provision of a number of services. They include health services, security and other emergency services like fire response. The author of this paper takes a critical look at the budgetary procedures in the county. In this paper, the author restricts their discussion to the Fire Department in the City of Hamden. The Fire Department in the city of Hamden has a long history that dates way back to the 1800s (Hamden Fire Department History 1). The organization was founded by the community members in a bid to protect their homes and businesses among other properties. The community members were interested in protecting their property in the event of a fire. So rudimentary was the formation of the fire department that the community relied on simple materials like buckets. According to information obtained from Hamden Fire Department’s website, the structure of the entity is fairly complex. As far as organizational structure, the entity is headed by a Fire Chief (Hamden Fire Department Organization Chart 1). The Fire Chief has one deputy in charge of four other departments. In addition, it is easy to establish, from the organizational structure chart provided, that the department has a total of five fire stations. From the chart, it is clear that organization is a multi-faceted entity. Given this multi-faceted nature of the organization, it is clear that a detailed budget should be put in place to ensure its proper functioning. In this paper, the author looks at one such budget and makes a detailed analysis focusing on several aspects of that document. More importantly, the budgetary review carried out in this paper looks
Tim O’Brien’s book The Things They Carried illustrates the impact of war experiences on the values and attitudes of soldiers. It is possible to identify several ways in which these people change. In particular, these characters reject their some of their ideals and stereotypes such as the fear of showing weakness or willingness to become leaders. More importantly, many of these people are affected by the sense of guilt and horrors of war. They want to find ways of living through these painful events. These are the main issues that should be discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the characters described by Tim O’Brien become disillusioned with themselves as well as other people. This is the main argument that can be made. At first, it is important to look at the experience of the first-person narrator, Tim O’Brien. It should be noted that this person decided to join the army because he did not want to be viewed as a coward (O’Brien 20). He is ashamed of evading the conscription since in his opinion, this behavior is completely unacceptable for a young man. The following quote illustrate his perception of war, “They carried the soldier’s greatest fear, which was the fear of blushing”( O’Brien 20). This is one of the main issues that should be considered because it throws light on the motives that drive the actions of the narrator. However, the war in Vietnam changes this person. He is strongly affected by the sense of guilt, especially after killing a man with a grenade. He tries to imagine what kind of life his victim had. He cannot distance himself from the tragedy and this experience is very traumatic. This event prompted him to re-evaluate many of his ideals and attitudes, especially the belief in the nobility of war. To a great extent, writing helps to reconcile himself with the memories of violence. This example is important because it shows that war is inevitable associated with guilt. The narrator of these short stories is no longer an ambitious young man who does not want to display any sign of weakness. More likely, he is an emotionally-crippled person who attempts to restore his identity. This is one of the aspects that can be identified. Additionally, one should look at such a character Jimmy Cross whose worldview is profoundly affected by this war. One can say that he takes responsibility that he cannot handle. In particular, he becomes the leader of the platoon, and in this way he tries to demonstrate his best qualities.
Debates on abortion have been ongoing in every society. Recently, several people have questioned whether it is ethical for governments to legalize abortions. While others consider access to abortion as women’s rights, critics argue that abortion is always wrong and that it should be prohibited. According to some individuals, abortion should only be permitted under certain conditions (Batchelor, 2002). This paper focuses on abortions related theories and a case study with the aim of bringing into light abortion as a health ethic issue. According to Don Marquis, it would be morally wrong for Sarah to terminate her pregnancy. In the article Why Abortion is Immoral , Marquis asserts that abortion should only be permitted when a rape case is involved, within the first 2 weeks, and when the pregnancy has been proved to be endangering the life of the mother (Marquis, 1989). Based on Marquis’ arguments, Sarah would be acting unethically if she terminates her pregnancy given that her fetus is 5 weeks and that it does not endanger her life. According to Marquis, abortion cases should be treated as murder cases except under the situations he outlined above. He asserts that taking a life of a fetus is unethical just as it is morally wrong to take a life of an adult. All through his article, he argues that the killing of a fetus should be understood from analyzing the effects of death to an adult person. He believes that abortion dispossess a fetus’ valued life. Even though the pregnancy will interfere with her studies, she should note that the fetus’ future life is more valuable than the time lost in her studies. Equally, she can continue with her studies after giving birth. Given the consequences and risks associated with abortion, it would be wrong for her to terminate her pregnancy. Unlike Marquis, Susan Sherwin argues that every woman should be allowed to access an abortion. In this perspective, Sarah is morally correct to terminate her pregnancy. According to her, abortion issues should be treated as other issues such as inequality and other social issues that undermine the welfare of women. She argues that fetuses should not be considered as people since they have not developed sufficiently in social affiliations. To avoid cases of abortion, Sherwin suggests that government and other relevant bodies should empower women so that they do not opt for abortion. She believes that if poverty is tackled by ensuring that women access equal employment opportunities, very few incidences of abortion would be reported. Though fetuses are not fully developed as adults, Sherwin should note that fetuses are the foundations of our future generations. Therefore, just as we struggle to eliminate the challenges that endanger our future lives we should also struggle to tackle issues that endanger fetuses’ future lives. From the two the
Introduction This paper is aimed at examining the main elements of the patient care technique. In particular, it is necessary to focus on the main principle that nurses should take into account. One can identify several issues such as the safety and comfort of the patient, respect for a person’s dignity, and education. These are the main elements that should be taken into account by a nurse in the course of their work. They are critical for enhancing patients’ satisfaction, their physical health, and emotional wellbeing. Safety and comfort of the patient Certainly, nursing professionals can help patients suffering from various diseases. The techniques, which they adopt, may depend on specific circumstances. However, this professional should first focus on the safety of the patient and his/her comfort (Pierson & Fairchild, 2007). For example, they need to eliminate the risk of infections, injuries, or any other problems that can impair the health of person. Apart from that, the nurse should make sure that patient care technique does not involve procedures that lead to the suffering or discomfort of the patient. Certainly, in some cases, some discomfort is inevitable, but the work of many medical researchers is aimed at addressing these challenges. Thus, the practices of nurses should be based on evidence-based guidelines (Pierson & Fairchild, 2007). Patients’ safety and comfort are the main goals of various patient care techniques. This is one of the main issues that should be considered by these professionals. Respect for a person’s dignity Furthermore, a nursing professional should remember about such an issue as the dignity of a patient. In this context, one should speak about the request for an individual’s privacy, opinions, culture, and self-sufficiency (Pierson & Fairchild, 2007). For example, for many individuals, it is humiliating to ask for help; yet one should remember that patients can struggle with some disabilities. Sometimes, they can be immobilized. Therefore, nurses can significantly assist a patient by helping a patient with slippers or adjusting pillows. They should do it even without expecting a patient request. In this way, nurses can enhance patients’ satisfaction with healthcare services (Pierson & Fairchild, 2007). Moreover, this professional should remember about the cultural distinctions of people. For instance, some patients can have specific eating preferences because there are certain cultural restrictions that they have to follow. By considering these issues, a nursing professional can better promote the dignity of patient. Education Furthermore, many patient care techniques require a nurse to act as an educator. In many cases, it is necessary to tell the patients how they can avoid risks to their health and recover as quickl
Persuading people effectively on personal arguments with the power of the techniques of rhetoric has been one of the most venerated human communication skills since man recognised the significance of the art of rhetoric. Rhetoric can be best understood as the art of speaking or writing effectively, and there are several elements that make effective rhetoric possible. First of all, it needs to be comprehended that the art of rhetoric means the art of persuasion and the effectiveness of this art depends greatly on techniques of the art employed. It is of great value to understand the various techniques of persuasion in order to be an effective writer or communicator. “According to Aristotle, rhetoric is ‘the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion.’ He described three main forms of rhetoric: Ethos, Logos, and Pathos… Ethos is appeal based on the character of the speaker. An ethos-driven document relies on the reputation of the author… Logos is appeal based on logic or reason. Documents distributed by companies or corporations are logos-driven. Scholarly documents are also often logos-driven…Pathos is appeal based on emotion. Advertisements tend to be pathos-driven.” (The Art of Rhetoric: Learning How to Use the Three Main Rhetorical Styles). Therefore, it is on the basis of these pertinent concepts of rhetoric that the effectiveness of the art of persuasion is usually evaluated. In this paper, a critical analysis of two articles on the question of abortion is undertaken, and the articles are “Four Basic Facts about Abortion” by Julian Burnside, QC, and “How Could Anyone Look at This Photo and Deny It’s Time to Cut the Abortion Limit?” by Amanda Platell. Thus, the paper involves evaluating how ethos, pathos and logos are employed in these articles and an in-depth examination of the fallacies as evident in the articles. Such an evaluation of the articles as to bring about the arguments and fallacies has great significance in the understanding of the pertinent aspects of the art of rhetoric, identifying the persuasive techniques and rhetorical proofs. A critical analysis of the article “Four Basic Facts about Abortion” by
George Gershwin was a famous composer of classical music from America. His music and songs were popular in concerts while his film songs were jazz and vocal standards. His music was a combination of European Jazz as well as black styles with beautiful melodies and rhythmic patterns. (Hyland) Gershwin was the second born in a family of four kids. As a child, George had no music contact but was participating in street sports at his poor Manhattan neighborhood that he did very well in. He had his first music exposure when his mother bought a piano for Ira his brother Ira. At the age of twelv
Methodology The focus of the proposed study is on patients suffering from head injuries and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, (CTE). Case control methodology is appropriate for this study. To enhance efficiency, the case control methodology must assume a retrospective approach. This is because the proposed study involves examination of the existing cases of head injuries in the sampled population. The study will sample the general population and the patients within the outpatient departments of public hospitals. The case groups and the control groups are important. This is because they form the basis for assessments and comparisons (Sim & Wright, 2002). The principle aim for this methodology is to determine the exposure risk of CTE associated with head injuries. Basically, the proposed study involves the comparison of the incidences of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. This must be done between the patients suffering from head injuries and the healthy individuals. Two groups are prominent in the proposed methodology. This includes the case group and the control group. Notably, the methodology requires a considerable time to attain desired results (Sim & Wright, 2002). Generally, the proposed methodology is appropriate for the study. Participants Both the case and control groups will be enrolled in the research. This explains why the proposed investigation is a case control study. The basic implication is that an empirically supported inclusion and exclusion criteria have to be adopted. The cases include those participants who have previously suffered head injuries. On the other hand, the control group shall comprise other patients without any history of head injuries. This participant combination forms a perfect case control set. The location of the proposed study has to be within selected public hospitals. Moreover, purposive sampling of all the participants within the selected hospitals is preferred. The process must also observe the ethical and legal provisions for research. For instance, issues of informed consent have to be adequately addresse
Technology provides a lot of opportunities to organise the process of labour monitoring and controlling. The approaches to discussing the employees’ work and leisure activities change with references to the developed monitoring technologies (Banerjee 2006, p. 18). However, there are many challenges associated with using the technologies to reform the approach to controlling and monitoring productivity and production (Almeida 2007, p. 2). On the one hand, technological innovations contribute to improving all the aspects of work while providing a great space for development (‘ Innovations Changing the World ’ 2010, p. 1 ). Innovative technologies to control the labour are necessary to enhance the productivity of workers (Kesavachandran et al. 2006, p. 301; Venkatesh, Bala & Sykes 2010, p. 592). On the other hand, the use of different types of technology to control labour and production leads to the different developing forms of the employees’ resistance (Bain & Taylor 2000, p. 3; Hale 2000, p. 406). Litwin states that the focus on technologies cannot guarantee the improved performance, and Van Den Broek notes that the employees’ dissatisfaction can only increase (Litwin 2008, p. 2; Van Den Broek 2002, p. 44). The researchers also focus on the issues of using technologies to control and monitor labour in relation to women. Thus, women often face the challenges of the ineffective control with the help of technologies (Noronha & D’Cruz 2008, p. 159; Rowbotham & Mitter 2000, p. 382; Stanworth 2000, p. 21). As a result, technologies become the source of stress and pressure for employees who need to address the new standards and requirements associated with the use of technologies (Laguador 2013, p. 78; ‘The boss is watching’ 2006, p, 10; Towns & Cobb 2012, p. 204). In several decades, many companies and organisations will focus on the use of technologies to control and monitor labour. In spite of the fact that the first computer technologies are used today to realise these activities and to contribute to the organisations’ development, these measures and tools are often not discussed as effective ones because of the problems with addressing the basic employees’ needs. Thus, the use of technologies to control and monitor the aspects of labour is important to improve productivity, but the employees cannot be motivated with references to these technologies because employers can use the innovative tools in order to limit the workers’ rights and violate their privacy (Noronha & D’Cruz 2008, p. 159; Rowbotham & Mitter 2000, p. 382; Stanworth 2000, p. 21). It is possible to assume that computer technologies will be used actively in all the spheres in several decades in order to organise and control the labour an