ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Censorship which is a way of suppressing artistic work including speech and any other form of public communication has paused questions in the minds of people for a long time. The act, which many people especially artists try to clarify its need in the society aims to prevent obscene information believed to be harmful or sensitive from reaching citizens of a nation. It is significant to establish the roots of censorship and the reasons why most governments practice it. For sue, if it were not fit for human consumption, then no government including dictatorial ones would allow it. But why is it allowed and practiced yet objections and questions arise? This is where the puzzle begins. Censorship is not an expression of democracy in a democratic nation where to fulfill democratic goals, there is need for freedom of creative expression, worship, speech and political opinion. Citing an example of Ulysses literature by James Joyce; believed to be obscene in the United States and censored for a decade, censorship restricts people from recognizing the value of creativity and expression. It also believes that censorship blocks people’s minds to new ideas but makes them to submit to the voice in authority (Driscoll and DiLascio p2 1.) As a result of censorship, many citizens have lost their lives. Persons like Socrates, the Greek philosopher consumed poison because he was forced to, by the government. This is because he questioned the government acts. Many other artists like Lenny Bruce also spent several nights in jail as many others were silenced because of their creations believed to be obscene. The argument here is that censorship is a means being used by conservative persons and groups with distinct interests to make life standards so difficult and unbearable for the minors in the society, in the name of protecting them from harmful content. Like the case of Christians in the United states who rejected a naked sculpture of Jesus from being displayed in a hotel in New York. The same applies to Muslims who do not allow cartoons depicting Mohamed to be published in newspapers. These artistic works according to the writer should form a basis of argument among democratic citizens in order to increase their knowledge and understanding of facts. The source articulates the dangers of censorship and has got very elaborate supportive points. The problem is that the writer is biased towards the problems and completely avoids talking about the benefits of censorship. Neither does the work try to understand the reasons to why censorship was introduced. Does it mean that the introducers of censorship only wanted to manipulate and kill people and their ideas? Looking at the origin of censorship, societies are made of different taboos, beliefs and practices. To ensure that these are upheld, there was need to censor some information that would corrupt the beliefs and practices. As much as senior officials would use censorship to avoid critic, it w
The modern world is awash with technological advancements that have made life easy by improving efficiency. One of the most useful pieces of technology today is the cell phone. Cell phones are people’s new relationship because they constitute a core part of their lives (Noel, 2012). They are used to communicate, access the internet, listen to music, play games, and watch videos (Noel, 2012). Research has revealed that many people cannot live without cell phones, which they use to create, develop, and maintain relationships. Cell phones have eradicated the traditional concept of face-to-face interaction in a relationship. People’s dependence on cell phones is evident from the ease of addiction and their use in almost all daily activities. Scientists have likened phone addiction to a behavioral addiction that is hard to overcome (Noel, 2012). According to researcher James Roberts, “At first glance, one might have the tendency to dismiss such aberrant cell phone use as merely youthful nonsense…a passing fad, but an emerging body of literature has given increasing credence to cell phone addiction and similar behavioral addictions” (Chan, 2012). Cell phones have become central to people’s lives hence dependence on certain communication and information technology features. With features such as instant messaging, internet, cameras, games, mp3, and video compatibility, cell phones have become inevitable in life (Chan, 2012). For example, access to social networking services such as Facebook and Twitter has made development and maintenance of a relationship easy. Cell phones have eradicated the need for physical interaction (Chan, 2012). Nomophobia (a term developed to connote fear of losing access to cell phones) is common among many people who are afraid of losing contact with friends and acquaintances via mobile phone (Noel, 2012). A study on nomophobia revealed that many people claimed that losing their mobile phones would make them panic because they would lose contact with friends. In addition, the study revealed that 84 percent of cell phone users could not spend a day without their phones. People have become dependent on cell phones and cannot live without them. People use cell phones to check emails, take photographs, create reminders, check locations using features such as Google maps, and play games (Chan, 2012). Cell phones are people’s new relationship because people use them to execute many of their daily activities. In addition, people use them as status symbols. According to Dr. James Roberts of Baylor’s School of Business, “Mobile phones are a part of our consumer culture. They are not just a consumer t
Introduction Labor rights are the hard-fought achievement of many generations of thinkers and activists, who struggled for improvements in safety standards, conditions, wages, and respect for fellow humans throughout the 18-20th centuries. 1 Some of the greatest achievements of the labor rights movement include the abolition of child labor, the introduction of the 8-hour workday, as well as medical insurance, paid vacation, maternity leave, and safety regulations serving to protect the workers. Despite these contributions that have shaped our lives into what they are today, labor rights in the 21st century have been eclipsed compared to other human rights topics. The construction industry was historically one of the most dangerous occupations available. It combines hard manual labor, high exposure to the elements, and high levels of personal risk. At the same time, the construction industry is a very capital-intensive industry, as building houses, roads, and other objects of infrastructure require significant investments. The use of migrant labor in the construction industry is a well-known issue, as migrants lack protection and labor rights, leaving plenty of room for exploitation, swindling, and exposure to harm. Many countries justify such events by claiming that illegal migrants do not deserve protection from the law. To stop exploitation, improve the standards of labor and quality, and protect the lives of individuals forced to work in horrible conditions in foreign countries, the international standards of labor and the local legislation in regards to construction labor should be equally applied to residents, legal migrants, and illegal migrants at the same time. Background It is estimated that illegal migrants make up roughly 5% of the entire workforce in the US. 2 The construction industry is one of the largest profiteers from these illegal workers, as 14-25% of the entire workforce in that area is comprised of illegal, half-legal, or undocumented individuals. 3 With the total number of employees in the construction industry being around 10,500,000, the number of illegals fluctuates between 1,470,000 – 2,625,000 individuals. 4 Historically, the construction industry was alw
Importance of the institution of the church for African-Americans Institution of churches has been addressing the needs of African Americans. These churches have been fighting against neglect and oppression as well as the social-economic differences in America (Byron, 2008). An example of when churches came in for help was during Hurricane Katrina, which was a disaster that greatly affected many African-Americans. The services that the churches were involved in included distribution of food to children and families, which was a community service. Many church leaders were among the first to respond to the needs that arose after the Hurricane Katrina in 2005 because the government had failed to plan well for the needs of the minority in the Gulf Coast (Campbell & Putnam, 2010). In the hurricane Katrina, poverty, race as well as class had influence in deciding whom to give adequate relief and assistance in recovery and therefore churches had to marshal resources to ensure that the vulnerable populations mostly the people of color benefitted (Campbell & Putnam, 2010). Both at international and national level, the churches have been meeting the spiritual, emotional and physical needs for African-Americans as they have ‘arms’ for disaster response that are operational to reinforce relief efforts by the state. The role of institution of churches is not only based on the teachings of the bible but also the racial discrimination and lack of justice, which has had a long history in the United States of America (Byron, 2008). The racial and economic imbalances have had a legacy in the country but black churches have played a role in meeting the needs of African-Americans especially in movement of civil rights. The leaders in these churches are aware that religion helps the community to cope with disasters and stress. Most people who depend on churches when stressed are majorly African-Americans, elderly people, women, economically underprivileged and the less educated (Campbell & Putnam, 2010). These people primarily cope with stress by use of prayer. After the hurricane, Katrina spirituality provided believers theological as well as moral understanding regarding natural disasters and helped them to perceive suffering as part of existence for human beings. The comfort given by churches is that God cannot forsake His people and that those people who survive disasters like Katrina should live more righteously (Byron, 2008). In the Katrina disaster, death and survival was determined by race and economic status and therefore most African-Americans feel that, during crisis, they cannot rely on the systems in the American government to safeguard their families as they would on churches (Johnstone, 2007). The churches have also been giving counseling services for African-Americans school going children who have been displaced. They collaborate with American Red Cross i
Introduction Educational programs should equip learners with the best competencies in order to become successful citizens. Policymakers have been examining the effectiveness of same-sex and co-educational programs. Numerous studies have presented competing arguments regarding the effectiveness of these two educational practices (Sadker and Silber 12). The thesis for this paper is that co-educational programs have the potential to support the learning, social, and developmental needs of different students, thus making them successful adults. This essay, therefore, begins by describing the issues associated with these two educational programs. The paper goes further to support the effectiveness of co-educational programs. Arguments for Same-Sex Education and Co-Education Programs Thurgood Marshall Elementary “embraced the concept of same-sex education after several years of poor performance” (Sax 34). The new move resulted in better grades. As well, the behavior of the targeted students increased significantly. These new goals were achieved without additional funds or a reduction in class sizes. Similar success stories have been recorded in different institutions after implementing similar programs. Test scores and grades have continued to improve in various schools that use this concept. However, single-sex education programs have continued to produce mixed results. Sax observed that most of the schools recording poor results were characterized by improper staff training methods (35). This is the case because teachers should be aware of every gender-specific tutoring approach. The other reason why single-sex classrooms can produce good results is that boys and girls tend to have different learning abilities (Sax 35). Sax also argues that girls and boys tend to have different learning capabilities and processes (35). Studies have indicated that “small girls have sharper hearing senses than boys” (Sadker and Silber 19). Such differences will also increase with age. Girls are “sensitive to various things such as voices, colors, instructions, and decisions” (Sax 36). Brain development occurs differently in females and males. For example, boys learn complex subjects such as geometry much faster. Such differences can, therefore, be embraced whenever developing the best curriculum for same-sex classrooms. However, parents and teachers should make voluntary decisions regarding the issue of single-sex education. This decision will be critical towards supporting the changing educational needs of different children (Smyth 48). This is the case because the current evidence is inadequate to support the advantages of same-sex education. Co-educational programs ar
Mission and vision statement At Villamar Child Development Center, we believe that nothing is more important than educating our young children. The mission of the center is to offer a child-focused educational system in a safe, secure, serene, and friendly environment that prepares the children for after preschool endeavors and that endears them to the learning process and society as a whole. The center’s vision is to provide high-quality preschool education based on an emergent curriculum. The teachers create developmentally appropriate plans that are responsive to the needs, abilities, and interests of children. Goals of a pre-school program Like any other quality preschool program, Villamar has goals for its preschool program. The purpose of these goals is to ensure our teachers use set methodologies to teach children about matters that are of particular importance to them. Though these goals are often universal, the center has set aside goals that are unique to our environment (Yurt & Cevher-Kalburan, 2011). These goals include:   * Goal one: develop social and interpersonal skills. The major role of our preschool is to ensure the children are able to get along with their peers and other adults. The center also ensures there is a great teacher-student relationship which is essentially important for the promotion of learning. Our preschool program teaches children how to follow class rules, which is an important step in the growth of a child ( CSEFEL , 2017).   * Goal two: develop self-help skills. The teachers work with the children to teach them how to accomplish tasks such as tying, zipping, and buttoning their clothes (Yurt & Cevher-Kalburan, 2011). The children are also taught basic skills such as how to use a napkin and how to serve themselves. Daily toothbrushing and naps are also offered to the children in order to help them learn health skills.   * Goal three: learning how to learn. Learning how to learn entails ensuring the children have essential and sufficient knowledge about themselves and their families (Yildirim, 2010). It also involves the children developing a sense of self-worth and understanding basic skills such as turn-taking during conversations. These skills lead to the more confident and well-developed learner.   * Goal four: develop language and literacy skills (Black, 1985). Literacy is best promoted through teacher guidance in ensuring learners acquire oral language skills, are able to read and write, and develop a language vocabulary. Through daily conversations with the teachers and basic teacher-assisted literacy and language tasks, the children are able to identify and use the letters of the alphabet to come up with words and simple sentences.   * Goal five: character development. This is made possible through assigning tasks to the children. These tasks are meant to foster their persistence and ensure cooperation, honesty, and trust (Yurt & Cevher-Kalburan, 2011). This is important because it ensures the school p
Introduction The fashion industry is one of the most dynamic sectors around the globe, and the dynamism arises from the diverse needs of the client base. Fashion is a personal statement and a symbol of societal status that also defines a person’s culture and individuality. As a result, clients are always curious about fashionable pieces that serve several factors while maintaining a particular budget. Although many clothes stores stock a variety of fashionable clothes, they do not capture the clients’ personality and individual needs because the designs are premade. Most stores such as Zara and H&M invest significant funds into identifying the unique needs of their clients. However, their reach in identifying these needs is not yet global, and this implies that a significant section of the target market buys what is available. Therefore, bridging the gap between what the clients want from their preferred clothes stores and what the stores are offering is crucial in promoting customer satisfaction. Our project, Be-Unique , intends to solve this problem by leveraging technology to bring the services closer to the clients. The purpose of the project is to provide a highly integrative platform through which customers can digitally access their favorite clothing stores. The platform intends to revolutionize the fashion industry by offering clients an opportunity to present their unique designs for customization. Online clothes from stores such as Zara and H&M are made using standard sizes that may not fit all body sizes within the standard measurements. Our online stores’ mandate is to ensure that clients have easy access to thigh-quality fashionable items that can be customized to fit their unique sizes. Therefore, our mandate will include offering the clients an opportunity to submit their sizes to our platform, whereby their clothes can be tailor-made to fit their unique sizes. Our highly skilled team will be on standby to take clients’ measurements and submit them to the famous clothes stores for customization. Additionally, our project seeks to offer the clientele the option of designing and developing their unique designs from famous luxury clothes stores such as Zara and H&M. As aforementioned, clothes are a statement of personality, culture, and individuality. Therefore, our project will focus on promoting these aspects of fashion by allowing clients to make recommended changes to available designs online. Our project mission, utilizing local potentials in delivering high-quality unique clothes design made to customer pre
Frankenstein is a gothic novel written by Mary Shelley. In the modern day, Frankenstein’s monster would be a creature that would be created using the highest technology available to scientists. Frankenstein’s monster would be more horrific than Mary Shelley made him to be in the novel (Mellor, 1988). Frankenstein’s monster would be a creature that would be hard to wipe out of the face of the earth and would be made of cells that are highly replicating within hours to form new monsters and therefore the monster would not need any female companion to reproduce. However, to merge the theme of romance in the novel to the film, (Shelley, 2004) Frankenstein’s monster would only stop reproducing more monsters if only a female companion is created for him. Frankenstein’s monster would have stayed for a long time without a female companion and as a result found new ways to reproduce and decide to punish his creator for not responding to his request for a female companion. The monster would operate on the mechanism that his cells, the ones his body would be operating on, will constantly require blood and therefore his need for blood would heighten, increasing the number of victims in the film or the victims who would be at his mercy. The monster would also be staying in the forest and would occasional resurface to the city when he is thirsty for blood. The monster would have a mechanism which he only can terminate or the person who initially made him. The tricky part would be to locate Frankenstein’s monster for his senses would be highly adapted to sense humans when they are miles away (Earl, 1990). The monster would have clear vision both day and night and his speed would be faster than the speed of lightning making it impossible to capture it. However, during the day, th
Summary Sunstein (2012) provides insightful information pertaining to the relevance of cost benefit analysis (CBA) in reducing the effects of climate change. The author who is a New York Times (NYT) news editor focused on the Reagan’s CBA techniques of mitigating the effects of climate change in US. The environmentalist has been advocating for viable climatic mitigation measures. Particularly, he has been expressing concerns about the destruction of the Ozone layer and the frequency of Hurricane Sandy in US. His views came to the limelight after the resent occurrence of Hurricane Sandy that caused immense loses. He affirmed that making stiff regulations to curb environmental degradation would not be a sustainable cost benefit strategy. He prefers systematic eradication of environmental depleting activities by the locals due to its economic benefits nature. That is, the environment should be protected from depletion activities if severe events that cause immense destruction such as Hurricane are to be averted (Sunstein, 2012). He cited reduction of green house gas emission that remains an environmental hazard as a strategy that presents immense economic benefit than cost implication. The strategy is to facilitate the environmental safety through reduction of air pollution emissions. Reagan estimated that the recent Hurricane Sandy had a cost implication of over US$50 billion that doubles the cost of reduction of unwarranted environmental practices. This explains the imperativeness of his assertion about the adoption of the strategy. Meaning of Cost-Benefit Analysis Cost benefit analysis is an effective project management system that enables administrators to calculate and compare key factors that contribute to projects viability. It focuses on comparing cost implications and benefits of a project (Brent, 2008). It also gives managers a clear guideline on how to make choices and decisions pertaining to various project activities. This is to facilitate identification and