ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Brief Description of a Disease Dengue is a well-known epidemic disease caused by the dengue virus that may be developed as a result of an Aedes mosquito bite. The mosquito is under a threat of being infected by the virus under consideration when it bites a person. Only after it is infected, it may spread the same inflection to another person. People are not able to get this kind of infection by air or any other method. This is why it is possible to identify a mosquito as the only dangerous vector of the disease under analysis. As a rule, fever, skin rash, pain in muscles and joints, and headache are the most common symptoms of this disease. On the one hand, measles may have the same symptoms, and it seems to be easy to confuse measles and dengue; on the other hand, life-threatening fever and possible bleeding should never be ignored to overcome the most unexpected and terrible outcomes. As soon as a person suffers from fever and cannot explain the appearance of other symptoms, it is necessary to address the nearest hospital and be provided with the required portion of professional medical help. Current Situation in Africa It is reported that dengue fever is a type of vectorborne disease (Rolle, Pearson, & Nsubuga, 2011) that has already touched upon 34 African countries and continue spreading and influencing human health from the 1950s. Tanzania and Kenya are the two countries, which are interested in analyzing, diagnosing, and preventing this disease. A number of African countries aim at developing special health programs that help to learn better dengue fever and its effects on people. The Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program was offered to the citizens of Kenya and Tanzania and proved to be an effective means of educating, treating, preventing, screening, and diagnosing dengue as well as many other epidemic diseases. Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program General Overview and Goals The Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) is the type of program that can help people from different African countries to build a powerful system, detect various health threats, and prevent these threats’ spreading (Mosha, Oundo, Mukanga, Njenga, & Nsubuga, 2011). One of the goals the FELTP is to build an appropriate public health workforce capacity in order to strengthen the existing public health institutions and provide citizens with a chance to fight against such diseases like dengue fever. It is necessary to create epidemiologic and laboratory services and focus them on particular diseases so that people can learn better the conditions under which dengue can be spread and the symptoms, which cannot be neglected. Laboratory management and its improvement is another goal that is defined by the program. Program Description In 1998, the World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa (WHO-AFRO) introduced the strategy by means of which the assessment of strong and weak points of the existing public health system was conducted (Mmbuji, Mukanga, Mghamba, Ahly, Mosha, Azima, & Senga, 2011). Still, the assessment has proved that the system was not perfect, and i
Management Dilemma It could be said that a primary question and dilemma, which arises in the management of aviation companies, is the concern about environmental issues. Some aviation companies show high anxiety about the environment. However, it is hard to find a suitable solution, as the change of fuel will affect the costs, and a company will generate lower revenues. Consequently, if the enterprise continues using fuel, which is harmful to the environment, it will have an adverse influence on the surroundings. Moreover, it will raise concerns in society, as people tend to care about the environment. Consequently, it will hurt the company’s publicity in the world. Based on the information provided above, the management dilemma can be formulated as ‘Why does our company starting to gain adverse publicity and generate lower revenues?’. Management Questions It is essential to establish coherent research questions to find possible solutions to a problem. Moreover, it will help management reduce the effect of the adverse factors on their sales. Furthermore, it will contribute to finding a solution to the problem. In this case, all of the questions will be addressing whether or not it is suitable to use biofuel on the regular basis in our aviation company. The questions regarding this matter can be formulated as follows: ‘How the management improve its publicity in the modern society?’, ‘What are the possible ways to generate higher revenues?’ and ‘How the situation can be improved in general?’. Research Questions Research questions will help formulate possible solutions to the problem. As environmental friendliness is starting to gain popularity in society, one of the potential proposals is to switch to a biofuel. In this case, the potential research questions can be formulated as ‘Should we start changing to the biofuel?’, ‘Should we do it slowly or rapidly?’, ‘Will it affect the company’s publicity?’ and ‘Are other modifications regarding the plane structure necessary?’. It could be said that these questions only focus on the potential actions regarding the economic benefits of switching from regular fuel to biofuel. However, they do not cover possible questions, which might arise while advertising the company’s green policies and a new image. To be recognized, as an environmentally friendly company, the following question has to be asked ‘If we choose to switch to the biofuel, should we include the information about it in our advertisements?’, ‘Should we also focus on PR?’, and ‘Should we increase our advertisements in the social media?’. Now the company will be able to determine future ways of development after an intense evaluation of the answers to these questions, as negative situations might take place. How did you use secondary data to better define the above items? List all sources Different sources have a significant contribution to the formation of the research topic. However, all of them helped to formulate res
In choosing the device to purchase for a college student today an important consideration would be the advice of experts about computer use and the future. It has been reported that the reliance on computers is bound to increase in the future with a greater significance on mobility about devices. This is due to the increased prevalence of Wi-Fi networks and advances in modern computing technology (Morely & Parker, 2010). Even though portable devices currently outsell desktop devices it is important to consider relevant factors thoroughly before making a purchase. In terms of features such as processor speed, memory, and storage space most notebooks are comparable to desktop computers (Morley & Parker, 2010). However, in terms of cost, a desktop computer is normally cheaper than a laptop with similar features. A desktop computer is reported to cost between $350 and $1000 (Morley & Parker, 2010). An alternative that would be suitable under a tight budget would be a netbook which costs almost the same as a desktop. Unfortunately, a netbook will result in significant tradeoffs in terms of features and processing power. It would appear based on analysis of relevant factors that the best device for a student would be a notebook computer. Given that the student may need to carry the device to use wireless connections at various locations this is considered a suitable choice. In addition to that, the reasonable processing power will allow for more tasks to be done with minimal delays. An important consideration that should not be forgotten is the operating platform of the device selected. Some platforms may limit the student’s capability by offering fewer products. An example of a suitable purchase costing slightly below $800 is the Dell Inspiron 17R. The device comes with an Intel Core i5 460M 2.53GHZ processor. It has 4GB memory and a hard disk capacity of 500GB (5400RPM). It is also fitted with a Blu Ray disk drive which reads Blu Ray disks and writes both CD and DVD. In addition to that, a customer is provided a 1-year free service and is allowed to access the product via a 12-month finance plan (Dell, 2011).
Marketing problems in general Marketing is gaining a new approach in the current society. Immediately after the Second World War, most companies had huge markets in the developing countries. The level of competition was very low and firms only worried about production. Marketing was considered a unit in the production department. Most firms used an inside out approach as a technique of marketing. However, this has changed with the changing environmental factors. Currently, most firms face stiff competition in their various industries. They have forced to change this approach. The marketplace is full of so many challenges. Many firms face various challenges that they have to overcome in order to be considered relevant in the market. In order to bring a clear understanding of the challenges a firm would face in the current competitive market, an external PESTEL analysis of business would be appropriate. Analysis of the external business environment (PESTEL) Environmental scanning can be done using PESTEL Analysis. This involves the analysis of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal environments. Politically, various firms in Kuwait have experienced a relatively stable government. The country has experienced a long period of political stability that has made it conducive for business. It has a very stable government that is supportive of business operations. However, the political stability of the country was at jeopardy in some past years, a fact that made it very difficult to conduct business in this country. Lack of political stability would mean that various businesses are not in a position to conduct business normally. Some may even be forced to wind up their operations in the market, which may amount to huge losses in case the instability is accompanied by looting and arson. Economically, various firms in this country have faced difficulties. The firms have been faced with economic recession that hit various countries in the world, especially the US economy that had a direct effect on various economies in Asia. This had serious negative effects on the firms’ revenues, as many customers considered the products non-basic. When the economy of the country is on a decline, the purchasing power is reduced. This reduces the viability of various businesses. They will be forced to cut down their operation costs, as the market will have a reduced capacity to sustain their products. During such times, weak firms are always faced out of the market. The socio-cultural environment of this country is diversified. This is because this country has firms from all over the world. There are those countries that cherish equality and women have equal economic strength just as men. In such countries, the firm does not segment the market based on sex but age. Kuwait is one such country. However, other countries such as the neighboring Saudi Arabia perceive women to be subordinates to men. It forces this firm to target the male members of the society because they have bigger purchasing power. The technological environment that firms in this country operate in is very dynamic. Techno
In the framework of coding and billing prospects, it is possible to point out a series of trends that are likely to influence these fields in the nearest future. It is necessary to note that the majority of transformations that take place in the relevant field are connected with the progress in the technology and innovation market. Therefore, the development of new computer systems and software performs a significant contribution to the solutions of the most critical problems. First, and foremost, it is essential to focus on the changes implemented in the code set of the American Medical Association’s Current Procedural Terminology. Although this set has already overcome significant transformations within the past decade, it seems that the reformation progress is still in progress. According to the experts’ assumptions, more than thirty-five new codes in the oncology field are likely to be introduced next year. Meanwhile, the changes in this sphere are not an innovation, and the medical workers have already managed to get used to them. The idea of pairing codes has been widely discussed by various health care organizations. For instance, the American Medical Association’s Relativity Assessment Workshop put a request for uniting codes in groups of two and three last year (Hoyt and Yoshihashi, 107). The relevant change is supposed to have positive outcomes as it simplifies the set of codes, by uniting them in groups. Secondly, the transition from the ICD-9 to the ICD-10 coding system is also apt to have a positive impact on the healthcare field in general. Some organizations currently report the shortage of high-quality professionals in the coding field. The ICD-10 coding system is specifically designed to eliminate the biases and discrepancies that exist in the system, making it more systematic and consistent. Therefore, many specialists believe that the employment opportunities in the relevant field can grow significantly due to the switch from the ICD-9 to the ICD-10 (Beik, 82). However, this switch will touch upon not only employees but all the groups of stakeholders, including healthcare providers, payers, software vendors, and third-party billing services. Lastly, the implementation of the Affordable Care Act is also expected to bring productive results in the nearest future. The relevant measure is primarily aimed at increasing the accuracy and timeless of payments as well as following strict standards in records and documentation. The target of implementing the measure resides in enabling insurance companies to keep track of the procedures their customer undergoes in the course of treatment. T
Introduction An organization’s external environment is very relevant on how the organization is structured and conducts its operations, thus, it shapes the organization as a whole. An organization needs to understand that the environment is highly dynamic and ever changing; what happened yesterday in the corporate world or public sector may be completely different from what is happening now. As the environment changes a lot of ambiguity introduces concerns for the individual working in these organizations. Organizations which do not appreciate change may end up being replaced or even being declared bankrupt and eventually closing down (Brayden, Teppo & Whetten 2010). For adaptive and versatile organizations, the environment can be an opening of opportunities and generation of new ideas. However, for organizations which resist change the environment can bring a lot of challenges and have detrimental consequences on the organization as a whole. Furthermore, organizations which do not embrace environmental changes may most probably end up not optimally and efficiently utilizing their resources, hence performing dismally. It is against this background that we intend to conduct a research on how the environment shapes organizations. Problem Statement The research seeks to inquire about the organisational environment and how it influences an organisation’s operations and what are its impacts on its structuring. In order to get a clearer perspective, the project shall look at how organisations cope with the environment and the measures taken. The data for the research is collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources include interviews from the relevant personnel and Authorities while the secondary sources include information from past documentations and works of other authors. Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives of the research project are focused on the analysis of the research problem. In particular, these aims and objectives will be achieved by answering the major research question and the set of minor sub-questions presented in the following list:  1. What involves the organisational environment?  2. How organisations maintain to cope with environment?  3. Does the environment bring with opportunities or its only challenges? Research Hypothesis Further on, the achievement of the aims and objectives of the proposed research will become possible to a great extent thanks to either confirming or rejecting the two hypotheses derived from the topic of this study. So, the first hypothesis is: H1 : the environment plays a crucial role in the way organisations operate and how they are structured. This hypothesis is developed as an assumption to that the environment influences the competitiveness of the organisation and leaves to the management to come up with survival tactics. Needless to say, before the actual research is ca
Introduction: American Poetry From Whitman to Olds American poetry is one of the most amazing phenomena in the history of the literature. Incorporating the elements of the literature peculiarities of various cultures and at the same time possessing and developing its own unique features, American poetry is an original issue that requires thorough consideration. Tracking the development of American poetry becomes possible if taking the most famous creations of the most honored and widely recognized American poets of the past and the modern days, like Walt Whitman and Sharon Olds. Taking such poems as The One Girl at the Boys’ Party and The Song of Myself, one can trace the similarities and the differences between the two pieces, namely, the objects of the poems, the processes taking place in the poems and the ideas that the authors convey in the poems, which will allow to make certain conclusions concerning the development of the American poetry from the XIX to the XX century. Putting Two and Two Together: Whitman and Olds’ Poems Analysis The Common and the Different Objects When comparing Whitman’s Song of Myself and The One Girl at the Boys’ Party, one must admit that the accents out across the pieces are completely the same. Indeed, looking closer at the two poems, one can see distinctly that Whitman’s poem is written in the first person and exposes the feelings of the poet himself to the audience. Still, even though the author’s lead character is a man, the 11 th verse of the poem focuses on a woman, so far and so desired, and her own feelings – or, to be more precise, the feelings that the lead character supposes her to have: Which of the young men does she like the best? Ah the homeliest of them is beautiful to her. Where are you off to, lady? for I see you, You splash in the water there, yet stay stock still in your room (19). Much like Whitman’s creation, the poem written by Olds depicts the young girl, uncertain and shy, yet the feelings and emotions that the entire piece is ridden through belong to a different person, a woman as well, presumably, the girl’s mother. In the given poem, the object is a young woman as well, pure and desired, yet completely unaware of her charm, which makes her even more attractive: “…she’ll subtract her height from ten feet, divide it into hundreds of gallons of water, the numbers bounding in her mind like molecules of chlorine in the bright blue pool (83).” However, it is important to mark that the lead characters of the poems provide a striking contrast to each other, a caring mother and a cool-blooded man. The Processes, Similar and Contrasting Speaking of the processes going on in the given poems, one must mark that Whitman’s Song of Myself depicts the development of a young woman, her recognition of her own womanhood and attractiveness, as well as her frailty and tenderness: “The rest did not see her, but she saw them and loved them” (19). The same process takes place in Olds’s poem which
Introduction According to the oxford dictionary, Victimology is the study of victims of crime and the psychological effects of their experience. Domestic violence often includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, and abuse to property and pets (Garnely, 1989).In cases of domestic violence there are many victims and my focus is on the case study given where a Anne shoots her husband, in front of the children.Anne claims that Denise had been hitting her and pushing her around, so she reached for a gun and shot him in the chest. As I arrive there she is taken to custody by the police, and the children are being questioned about what had happened. Causes of victimization According to Doerner & Lab, (2011) victimization can be caused by the crime itself and the criminal justice system. In this scenario the most apparent crime is the death of the husband and the other crime is the supposed domestic violence. In this situation there are many victims; Anne is a victim of domestic violence and the children are also victims of the same as well as the tragic death of their father. Denise is also a victim of the violence which leads to his death. As a law enforcement officer I can help the 1 st victim, who is the deceased by ensuring that the proper procedure is followed to establish the cause of his death as well as the circumstances that led to his demise. The children witnessed their father’s death and they might be experiencing a range of emotions. As an officer, I will notify a close family friend or relative to come and stay with the children. Incase none is available, the Department of Social Services or the Child Protection Services should be notified. After taking the statements from the children who were the key witnesses, they should be taken to the social worker or the law enforcement officer who will stay with them until the Social worker gets there. The other cause of victimization is by the criminal justice system.The mother who has been taken to custody, as much as is she is a victim of domestic violence she is also charged with homicide. The children will have to spend a lot of time away from school for court hearings and this does not help with getting on with their lives. In case the case goes to trial, they will be emotionally drained as they will relive the events that led to the situation they are in. Consequences from the victimization of the given scenario As a law enforcement officer, the follow up on the children’s condition is important to ensure that their safety and well being is taken care of. If it was established that they were physically abused or subjected to any other form of abuse, I will take the necessary steps to make sure they get the professional help needed. They need counseling and therapy as well as placement in homes that w