ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Canada is a country found in North America. She consists of ten provinces i.e. British Columbia, Newfoundland, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Alberta and Labrador, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan and three territories: Northwest Territories, Nunavut territories and Yukon. Canada is located between the Atlantic, the Pacific and lies on the north, it boarder Arctic Ocean. In regard to size, Canada is the second largest country. She covers an approximate land area of 3.511 million square meters and a total area of 3.855 million square meters. In a federal system, as is the case with Canada, a state’s power is shared between two sets of governments, one national and another sub-national. The two powers operate directly upon the people. She has a democratic government by the parliament and a monarchy to govern her. Constitutional division of power is established between democratic government and the monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II is Canada’s sovereign leader. The governor-General since 2010 is David Lloyd Johnston and the Prime Minister has been Stephen Harper of the Conservative party since 2006 (Solusource par 1). Canada has diverse cultures. She is multi ethnic country. Her population is approximately 34,300,083 with a growth rate of about 0.78%. Her birth rate is 10.28/1000. Canada has an infant mortality rate of 4.85/1000. Life expectancy in Canada is 81.48 and the population density is 3 persons per square kilometer, according to the 2012 population estimate (Infoplease par 2-3). The currency in Canada is the Canadian dollar. She easily floats against major world currencies. The dollar runs almost at par with the US$. She has her coins as the toonie and loonie. Other denominations are available in $100, $20, $50, $10 and $5. Coins have replaced the smaller value bills. The bills are brightly coloured and this makes them easily distinguished from others. Revolution has made exchange of foreign currency in Canada easy. It is done at the airports, authorized shops, banks and at crossings points along the borders. Credit and debit cards are easily accepted in Canada and the ATMs are easily accessible especially in urban centres (Mclean par3-6). Canada has a democratic government by the parliament and a constitutional monarchy to govern her. She has three levels of government. Each level has an own specific mandate the governments are provincial, municipal and federal. Elections are held by way of voting where the citizens elect their representatives at the above named levels. The Canadian Government is headed by a Governor General who represents the Queen of England. The Prime Minister appoin
Post-feminism is a complex trend which has become a focus for researchers quite recently. The era of post-feminism is believed to start in the 1990s and it differs considerably from the times of feminism. Some call this period “third wave feminism” and note that it marks the change in people’s attitude towards feminism as well as women’s roles (Coleman 9). Angela McRobbie also considers post-feminism as a new era in the western society. The researcher explains what post-feminism is and how it is changing the society. It is possible to trace this change through analysis of the image and text of the commercial for “Wonder Bra”. When talking about feminism, people often focus on struggle against certain conventions in the society. Feminism is also associated with political and social structures which became a product of the struggle (Coleman 6). Feminists started the discourse concerning the impact females could have on the development of the society within social terrain. Lots of political and other organizations have been set up to assist women in their longing for political, scientific, business and other careers. Feminists of the 1970s spread their ideas via different sources. Importantly, media played an important role in the spread of these ideas. At the same time, media have changed feminism and marked the beginning of the post-feminist era. Thus, McRobbie notes that media are generating images of attractive women who are aware of their sexuality (414). These women are often confident and self-sufficient (McRobbie 414). For instance, in the commercial mentioned above, Eva Herzigova is aware of her attractiveness and challenges men by revealing her sexual body. McRobbie notes that feminists fought for equality and certain independence during the era of feminism while modern women enjoy this independence in different ways (usually through their sexual independence, ability to earn money and do what they want) and take it for granted (417). McRobbie points out that post-feminism is “chiding the feminist past” as females are not trying to deprive themselves of femininity in order to prove the world they are equal to men (412). Feminists of the 1970s wanted to ignore numerous feminine qualities and inclinations in order to make females more empowered. However, equality is not a subject of discussion any more. The advertisement in question shows this freedom of expressing femininity and making choices. Eva Herzigova is wearing a very seducing underwear and is inviting everyone (both men and women) to look at her body. This invitation can be regarded as a start of the new era of post-feminism when females are not meant to hide their sexuality and try to achieve results using qualities assigned to men (being aggressive, competitive and so on). Eva does not prove anything to anybody as she is free to reveal her femininity. More so, female body is not a taboo any more as Eva herself invites everybody to see her beauty (McRobbie 416). As has been m
Introduction Cell phones have become part and parcel of our lives; one cannot imagine a life without cell phones these days. Cell phones have become an integral part of our lives. It is not very safe to use cell phones continuously and research goes to prove the same. There is no doubt that cell phones have made our lives easier but on the contrary people expose themselves to vulnerable circumstances when they use cell phones while driving. This paper will throw light upon the consequences of the same. “Increased reliance on cell phones has led to a rise in the number of people who use the devices while driving. There are two dangers associated with driving and cell phone use, including text messaging. First, drivers must take their eyes off the road while dialing. Second, people can become so absorbed in their conversations that their ability to concentrate on the act of driving is severely impaired, jeopardizing the safety of vehicle occupants and pedestrians” (Cell Phones and Driving, 2008). Discussion Human brain is not capable of doing multi tasking to perfection, all are not Leonardo da Vinci to write with one hand and to paint with the other. A normal human brain is only capable of carrying out a single task with perfection but when it comes to multitasking, the brain often under performs. Accidents take away many a life each day in some part of the world or the other. Most of these accidents are caused by ignorance and one of the most important causes of accidents is the use of mobile phone while driving. The message conveyed over the phone takes priority and driving takes a back seat which inevitably results in an accident, the severity of the same
Introduction to Balkan Ethnic Conflict The culture of violence in the Balkans was caused by nationalism, the rising of nation-states and the territorial claims that were made on ethno linguistic and historical regions. This began at the start of the nineteenth century when the local educated people among the Balkans started embracing the revolutionary nationalism ideology that was practiced by the Europeans and introduced nations in the Balkan setting. Nations became a widespread concept in the Balkans earning the region the description of an ethnic community that shared similar religion, language and identity entrenched in the historical continuity of the Balkans. Since there were no nations in the history of the Balkans, leaders had to create them first through sensitizing the natives and staging revolutions which gave rise to the politically sovereign nation-states . This was happening as imperialism continued to decline. The nineteenth century was characterized by the decline of the Russian, Ottoman and Habsburg empires leaving the borderlands in the Balkans to suffer dire consequences. The regions separating the borderlands which had different cultural backgrounds experienced a lot of violence during the ethnic cleansing. These regions became vulnerable to the violence that took place during modernization due to the fact that there were diversities between ethnic and state frontiers. After the emergence of genocide studies as a result of wars such as the Yugoslavia war, Rwanda genocide and former Soviet Union conflicts, different writings tackling the subject of political violence were produced. Scholars in various discipli
Jeremy Dowsett’s article titled “What My Bike Has Taught Me about White Privilege” is a metaphorical comparison of riding a bicycle in a busy town and being a member of a minority group. The author uses this comparison to explore how both minority and majority groups view the concept of white privilege. The essay is a perfect portrayal of white privilege as a social construct that works to the advantage of minority groups and the detriment of minorities. Dowsett notes that “talking about racial privilege isn’t a way of telling white people they are bad people or racists or that they didn’t really earn what they have” (1010). Although white privilege is a real social construct, it does not mean that every white person is a racist taking advantage of the minorities. Adopting the blanket judgment that every white person thrives on white privilege is wrong, unrealistic, and amounts to stereotyping. White privilege is inscribed in existing social systems that may take longer to change for social equality and equity to prevail. Like cyclists who must cope with dominating motor vehicles on the road, minority groups should adapt to the social conditions that seem to favor the white majority. Dowsett infers that even if all racists were eradicated, the existing system favoring whites would hardly change to favor minority groups (1008). Nevertheless, the author does not mention anything about the possibilities of redesigning transportation systems and infrastructure to suit different users’ needs. His omission might have been intentional since he might not have been interested in having a rede
Introduction Economics broadly concerns the process of accumulation, allocation, and exchange of the limited resources in the domestic and international markets. On the other hand, politics focuses on manipulation of power in human disagreements and agreements in the context of civil governance and public welfare. Political Economy is broadly referred to as the interconnections between economics, politics, and law with the objective of outlining the relations and government policies within a nation and between different nations. Political economy is important for the governments, institutions, and individuals to understand the trends in the competitive and ever changing global economy. Political economy is an important aspect that analyses the relationship between individuals and the public with general emphasize on government and market relationship with respect to politics, economics, and the public welfare. Political economy applies a system of governance where productions in a capitalized country are managed in consideration of political and economic aspects. Evolutions in the global economy have led to the emergence of international political economy characterized by institutions such as world trade organization and the World Bank. The emergence of international world economy came by with issues of concern such as global warming, brain drain and security of energy. The Upsurge of Economics and Politics Economics and politics in the society are aspects of human existence and living in accordance with the prevailing laws that governs human activities such as banking, agricultural activities, selling, and buying of merchandise. The prevailing political laws seeks to control wages, prices of commodities and service and create capital in a way that may be or may not acceptable by human beings. Political laws and regulations are made and manipulated by man but economic laws about economic operations are self-perpetuating like the natural laws, which exist on a self-operating basis. Economics An Individual in the society encounters every day challenges of making choices with money and property to be able to fulfill his own wants and needs with the limited resources. The basic needs that humans being seek to satisfy every single day entails processes of making economic decisions with specific demands such as spending on electricity bills, food, entertainment, clothing and shelter through
The story Why Don’t You Dance? is a short story by Raymond Carver that reveals complex relationship between a man and a woman, as well as between an individual and the surrounding world. In particular, Carver recounts a case of a girl and a boy visiting a yard of a solitary man who decides to sell his furniture. The couple decides to buy some items, but further negotiations make the young woman be more interested in the reasons for putting out the furniture outside. With regard to the above, the story Why Don’t You Dance? explores complex relationships between a man and a woman and analyzes such topics as love, power, and cultural identities that influence these relationships. While depicting the main events in the story, the author resorts to descriptive methods. In particular, Carver is more focused on depicting specific actions and objects that surround the main hero. Although the story does not explain the reason why the man puts all his furniture on the lawn in the yard, one can definitely notice that this action does not fit the accepted cultural practices. In the story, the girl is concerned with this situation by saying, “Those people over there, they’re watching” (Carver 6). In response, the man, however, seems to be indifferent to the reaction of the surrounding and states, “Let them watch…I hope you like your bed” (Carver 6). While interpreting these phrases, it can be seen that the girl care much for the opinion of others whereas the man strives to attract more attention. In addition, stereotypic thinking is also typical of a boy who is also dependent from the societal prejudices and stereotypes. He is concerned with what other people might think of him if he would dance in the yard. He tries to protest by recognizing that he is drunk. In the story, the author juxtaposes the young couple with the man to highlight the solitary existence of the latter. The heroes, therefore, reveal their attitudes through action they perform. In particular, the couple pays attention to what other might think about their behavior and, therefore, the boy constantly seeks approval and affirmation: “He just sat up and stayed where he was, making believe he was watching the television” (Carver 2). Although the boy is more concerned with his behavior, the girl also pays attention to unconventional reactions of the man toward them. The complexity of relations between heroes is skillfully revealed through actions and behaviors of the heroes. In particular, the heroes are involved in monotonous conversations about bargaining the price for the furniture. However, the owner of the furniture emphasizes that the young couple can do everything they want because this is his territory. At the end of the narration, the man proposes the girl and the boy to dance by saying, “Go ahead…It’s my yard. You can dance if you want to” (Carver 6). He keeps repeating the same by emphasizing that he is free of doing everything he wants. In contrast to the man, the boy and the girl feel as the people around the yard are watching them. Nevertheless, they still follow the man’s advice and ignore the attention from the outside.
The lawsuits have a tendency to occur often due to a plethora of situations, which tend to influence the behavioral patterns of the individuals. In this case, the primary aim of the paper is to define and offer the evaluation of the civil lawsuits, which were reported on behalf of the victims. In this case, the details, victories, defeats, and the third party defendants will be analyzed to ensure the understanding of the process. Dissimilar cases are used to address different situations and determine the existence of particular incidences in real life. In the end, the reflection is offered to portray the effect of transferring the lawsuits to the court on the mental stability of the victim and highlight the existence of civil litigation in the future. One of the cases addressed the situation when California Little League’s coach filed a suit against one of the trainees for throwing a helmet at him and causing an injury (Spak, 2014). The coach asked for $600,000 for rehabilitation and moral and physical damages (Spak, 2014). Meanwhile, he claimed that he could be regarded as a victim since he tried to be in contact with a family of the student, but it did not cause any positive variations (Spak, 2014). Nonetheless, the victim understood that the requested financial resources were high in monetary value, but he provided offering an apology as an alternative to having the case diminished (Spak, 2014). In this instance, it could be said that the court was on the side of the coach due to the actual occurrence of surgery in December (Spak, 2014). Sequentially, the third-party defendants were represented by the attorney, who was hired to increase the effectiveness of the lawsuit. Nonetheless, despite the initial positive intention to teach a student to be responsible for his actions, the coach experienced emotional pressure due to the necessity to deliver the case in public and distribute it to masses questioning his moral principles. The next lawsuit refers to the actions of the kid whose recordings of his bullying were utilized to offer proof of the occurrence of the act (Colgrass, 2014). These files were reported to the school administration to introduce punishment for the kids, who were involved in wrongful practices (Colgrass, 2014). However, the school governance exposed it as a controversy while causing the violation of the rights of the individuals due to the recording without permission (Colgrass, 2014). In this case, it could be said that the parents and a student had a tendency to lose their positions due to the well-developed judicial system, which protected the rights of the individuals (Colgr
Introduction When the financial world started experiencing the credit crunch, AIG ranked among the biggest insurance corporations employing more than 100,000 people across the world. The bulk of their business was in conventional insurance. However, over time, they had also moved beyond their traditional insurance business and AIG to become a major seller of credit default swaps. AIG’s financial instruments Credit default swaps are basically financial instruments for swapping the risk of debt default. Essentially they work as an insurance policy but since they are not regulated and therefore do not qualify to be termed as insurance policy. In essence, the assets that had been secured by mortgages and corporate debts were insured by the swaps. In the event which AIG went bankrupt, other financial institutions would have followed suit. This is majorly the reason that led to the near demise of AIG, which had in excess of $ 10 billion CDS write-down. Most banks had bought CDS protection from AIG which meant that If AIG was unable to honor their contractual obligation, as and when they fell due, then every one of those banks has lost that protection. Once mortgage backed bonds started defaulting, they had to fork out lots of money to pay them out. AIG had more than enough assets to cover the swaps, but could not sell the assets and pay for the swaps as when they fell due. This resulted in the ripple effect. When collapse was imminent, the government had to inject eighty five billion dollars to keep the company on its feet. Variables that may have caused AIG to need a bail out. Ferrell, O. et al (2009) cites the lack of accountability in how funds are utilized as a cause of AIG’s near bankruptcy. AIG is accused of lax oversight and reckless investments which caused massive disruption throughout the economy. A.I.G.’s crisis was fuelled primarily out of its products, which were complex debt securities and credit default swaps. As mentioned earlier, swaps are financial instruments that are not regulated by the US Securities & Exchange Commission in as much as these instruments perform the same conventional function as an insurance policy they are not insurance and are therefore not monitored. Factors within the corporate culture of AIG may have promoted speculative risk taking. Part of the problem may have been AIG’s incentives. The AIG culture was focused on a reward system that placed little responsibilities on executives who made very poor decisions. In 2008 AIG made $40 billion in losses and at the same time a number of managers were selected to receive large bonuses. Even after receiving the federal rescue funds, they planned to hand out cash awards that doubled salaries of some employees asserting that these types of payments were necessary to keep top employees at AIG. Another factor that contributed to the near bankruptcy was engaging in financial products which resulted from excessive risk taking and using computer models that failed to take into account real world market risks. Therefore the failure to assess the risk of credit defaul