ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are a lot of particular techniques which help the movie makers to create specific structure of the movie, to make it interesting and capturing. Moreover, many directors refer to the special way of telling the background information about the characters, substituting the boring flashbacks and description with the subtext. Subtext is the specific technique when the background information about the character or the events is told as the part of the dialogues, the part of the movie. The viewer gets to know more and more about the characters and the movie becomes more understood, the behavior and actions of the characters more motivated and obvious. Gehring (2010) “These self-referential moments, which will be limited to actual film footage introduced into the narrative, tell the viewer something about a central character or add an ironically insightful subtext to the picture.” (p. 68). Watching The Hangover (2009) and Due Date (2010), it becomes obvious that the subtext plays an important role here, even those the purposes of the technique are different. The Hangover (2009) is the story about friends who have decided to have a hangover in Las Vegas. Having driven to the city and having rented a room in the hotel, friends go to the roof remembering their college times and drink for a good night. The morning in the hotel is awful, friends find a tiger in their bathroom, a child in the room and cannot find the groom. The Wedding is in several hours and friends are unable to remember what happened and try to recollect the previous night in minds by pieces. The movie structure is particular as the heroes find out the events of the previous night vise versa, noticing some things or using the hints they have. Piece by piece the heroes find out where they were yesterday remembering the events and trying to find the groom. The disappearance of the groom is one of the most disturbing facts as the wedding is soon and friends do not know what they are to tell to the bride. Finally, when all of the places have been visited, when all of the events are recollected and the stories are told, friends appear at a deadlock. However, they remember the situation which happened to them when they were in college and the mattress at the roof. At the end of the story, friends understand that they were to live the previous night in reverse order as they got to know each other better, they remembered the times they were younger and could allow themselves to have fun. These people were together for many years, they came through many situations and when they appeared in the complicated one they managed to solve the trouble referring to their memories. The subtext play
Background The point under discussion is Dr. Deming’s principle of “adopting a new philosophy.” This point focuses on the critical flaws of the existing managerial practices imposed by Western philosophy. Dr. Deming believes that the basic principles of this philosophy cannot be applied to American companies and are likely to impede their progress. There is a series of problems that cannot be tolerated. First, Dr. Deming points out the problem associated with the commonly accepted mistakes. He believes it should be eliminated, and employees should realize they do not have a right to make a mistake whatever insignificant it might appear. Poor quality should not be allowed under any conditions. Second, Dr. Deming considers the employees’ awareness of the jobs they perform to be poor. Thus, they do not have a clear vision of the responsibility scope and the strategies they should apply to achieve the set targets. Third, the existing training methodology is antiquated – the entire system needs revision and update. Additionally, he points out that modern supervision practices are ineffective because managers are not rooted in the relevant companies – they constantly shift from one department to another. As a result, they are not interested in understanding the corporate values and promoting them among their subordinates. Thus, it is the misleading objectives set by managers that result in the poor quality of companies’ performance. Therefore, Dr. Deming proposes that the entire corporate culture should be revised and improved. Current Condition Analyzing the way Costco applies the discussed principle to its operations, it might be suggested that the company neglects some principles even though it is generally committed to quality and continual improvement. Thus, the principles of consistent training and corporate culture are established at all levels of the organizational structure. Common mistakes are not tolerated and required to be immediately eliminated whenever they appear. The managers, as well as their subordinates, have a perfect understanding of the cost of delays and setbacks in the modern market. The employees’ awareness of their job responsibilities is likewise high. Meanwhile, it might be suggested that the visi
Literature review Regulatory arbitrage occurs when the difference in regulation is considered as a strong motivation for opening a branch in a country with less regulation (Karolyi & Tabaoda, 2012). Less regulation is the first level of inducement. Scholars have labeled the aspect of increasing a firm’s activities in countries with less regulation as the ‘race-to-the-bottom’. Houston, Lin & Ma (2009) present strong evidence that indicates that banks with headquarters in countries with stricter regulations are likely to set up subsidiaries in countries with less strict regulations. Other incentives include increasing shareholder value by engaging in activities that increase profitability, or reduce operating costs. Regulatory arbitrage that increases shareholder value by seeking lower costs is acceptable. Karolyi & Tabaoda (2012) call it benign regulatory arbitrage. There are firms that may want to conceal their poor performance (Karolyi & Tabaoda, 2012). Houston, Liu & Ma (2009) discuss that firms that engage in increased lending, through regulatory arbitrage, expose all jurisdictions to their risk taking. Financial institutions rely on credit ratings on individual securities to assign them weights. Kwak (2009) discusses that a bank that has multiple levels of securities can get higher ratings for the derivatives, which allows them to use lower risk weights. The amount of capital that they are supposed to hold depends on the weights. Derivatives are securities developed from other assets such as bonds or real estate. Financial institutions that issue credit rely on credit ratings to assign weights on securities. When the ratings are high, which indicate lower risk, they keep a small percentage of the credit they have issued as reserves. Kwak (2009) explains that holding a small percentage as capital increases risk for creditors because for a small drop in the prices of the securities, the financial institution may show signs of defaulting. Elliot & Treanor (2013) explain that “many banks were dependent on being able to roll over short-term liquidity, and we could see the parcel of unencumbered assets being used as collateral getting smaller” (para. 20). Kwak (2009) discusses that there is a large number of the types of securities, which makes setting rules on capital requirements to be challenging. The requirements may be easily maneuvered. The Basel II requirements have been blamed for providing a loophole on which securities ratings may increase susceptibility. Kwak (2009) explains that Basel II requirements make it possible to rely on historical data to rate securities. The subprime loans hardly defaulted which gave financial institutions a right to keep very small proportions of capital on the credit they had issued. Based on the Basel II requirements, lenders could have their securities highly rated because they were backed by returns from mortgages. Analysis Lehman engaged in regulatory arbitrage because they targeted the lighter regulations in the U.K. to get ap
Hewlett-Packard Supply Chain The Hewlett-Packard supply chain consists of “manufacturing, research and development (R&D) sites in 16 countries, and sales and service offices in 110 countries” (Lee and Billington, 1995, p. 43). As suggested by Lummus and Vokurka (1999) in their study, supply chain cha be defined with the help of the following description, “the processes from the initial raw materials to the ultimate consumption of the finished product linking across supplier user companies” (p. 11). I other words, HP needed a supply chain that would make them more competitive than their rivals and enable them to deliver products manufactured on time in a timely manner. The supply chain later used in Hewlett-Packard was developed after weighing up the uncertainty issues, identifying and solving the data recording problems, trying to forecast the preferences of customers and probability of orders in future periods of the fiscal year. For instance, HP “often contracts for raw materials eight months or more before the final product will reach finished goods inventory” (Davis, 1993, p. 39). In this respect, the new strategy was called to analyzing the gaps and drawbacks and applying the latest inventions to the operation. Strategic Goals of HP As Hewlett-Packard deals with processing of orders, manufacturing of products and delivery, the company’s CEO and president Lew Platt recognize the necessity of changes and improvements and introduced new strategic goals. So, Lew Platt identified the key strategic goals for the company in the period of 1993 fiscal year as the most important ones to win the competitive battle and order fulfilment became the top important issue for the managerial. In other words, the company’s goal was to analyze the uncertainties with regard to operational performance and improve the delivery of products as a part of the supply chain. This supply chain supports the strategic goals of Hewlett-Packard designed for this period by improving the fulfilment of orders as a part of supply chain. In other words, the WINO (Worldwide Inventory Network Optimizer) was applied to optimize the supply chain for HP that included identification and representation of each separate operation in the network of other operations on every order to increase the forecasting effectiveness; “receiving and production” became the two main operations in the supply chain (Lee and Billington, 1995, p. 47). So, the goal of order fulfilment was supported by improved supply chain that was also improved. HP supply Chain As analysis of supply chain was performed, each site identified the prioritizing areas of concern and the areas for investments. In this respect, the strengths of the HP supply
Executive Summary L’Oreal is the organization that operates in beauty and cosmetics industry for many years already and remains competitive due to its innovative products that appeal to the world’s population. The company is going to launch a new hair color that will be known as “Empathy” because being on henna, this organic hair coloring has an ability to adjust to different types of hair, making them look natural and alive. With the help of this product, L’Oreal can effectively compete with other organizations that produce hair colors. “Empathy” is likely to attract customers’ attention due to its advantageous features, such as natural ingredients that care for hair, special organic compound that allows to dye gray hair without keeping hair color on the hair for too long, natural color array that is in trend today, and empathy to problems of different hair types. The company is targeting a diverse market that includes the general public from 130 countries and professionals who work in hair salons. Mainly the customers are expected to be females over 30, as this hair color meets the majority of their needs. Situation Analysis L’Oreal is the organization that operates for more than 100 years already. It is the largest cosmetics company in the world that works with a huge amount of brands and consists of numerous divisions. The organization is known for its high-quality hair color, hair care, skin care, make-up, etc. The company is the leader in sales in its industry with “€22.98 billion in sales in 2013, 28 international brands, a presence in 130 countries, 77,400 employees” (“L’Oreal” para. 2). L’Oreal faces intense competition, as cosmetics industry expands quickly and a lot of similar products enter the market every
Abstract This paper presents an analysis of data, discussion, and recommendation on the differences that exist among individuals regarding their behavior, especially in conflict situations. Individuals must learn how to control emotions in such circumstances. The purpose of the study was to measure the effectiveness of the Goldstein’s social skill streaming model based on the special and general pre-service teachers’ knowledge about controlling their emotions in conflict situations. A review of previous pieces of literature guided the design and measurement of the effectiveness of the approach to the control of emotions. The teachers were assessed using the coping strategy, adult anger, and Goldstein’s skill streaming inventories. Lastly, the paper provides various recommendations on the sensitization of the Goldstein’s Social Skill streaming model to both the special and pre-service teachers to promote their knowledge about controlling emotions in conflicts. Data Analysis Research Question 1 Do the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of adopting the Coping Strategy Inventory (CSI) vary after receiving training using the Goldstein’s Social Skill-streaming Model? Measurement Tool The researcher used the Coping Strategy Inventory (CSI) tool (refer to Appendix A) to measure the weekly perception differences that occurred during the study period. The measurements of the pre-service teachers’ knowledge and perceptions were obtained by identifying their reactions to various situations that involved conflicts. The process was accomplished as described in the study proposal. The pre and posttests were conducted on all the participants at experimental and control levels. Analysis The researcher ignored the use of the individual respondent’s skills while using the CSI tool. During the pre-assessment period, the teachers’ social skill rating was recorded based on the causes of the conflict, avoidance of the encounters, plans for action, solving the problem, control of personal reactions, courageousness, composing oneself, seeking help, and/or forgetting the situation as presented in Table 1a (ii). The coping strategy inventory tool was used to rank each of the respondent’s lowest skills. The post-assessment scores (see table Table 1a (ii)) indicated an increase in the perceived use of the social skills after the training. This scenario was indicated by the high values noted in the skills and idea of seeking assistance from other people to explain their situations. It also included the formulation of action plans that were to be followed strictly. The least improvement was noted in situations that involved self-control (see Appendix A). A comparison of the p-Value between the control and experiment groups was accomplished after the training. The results indicated that the effectiveness of the Goldstein’s skill-streaming model with a p-Value of 0.648838. The p-Value of the control was 0.087035. It can be concluded that the Goldstein’s skill-streaming training is effective in improving the skills of controlling emotions amongst teachers involved in conflict situations. Research Question 2 Is there a change in the Adult Anger Inventory (AAI) score from
In the presented study, the issues of the right approach towards the negotiation, the importance of the team, and the ability to find new ways of resolving a problem after a failure are addressed by the former president of the Yahoo Company. At the beginning of the 2000s, US companies began to penetrate the Chinese market. However, there were few deals, and Chinese rivals were more successful in the market. Moreover, the Internet as an industry was not as developed as in the USA. The company experienced difficulties in gaining revenue, and the management style of the entrepreneur was also perceived negatively by the company’s staff. The alternatives were either to continue working with the aggressive manager, to hire new staff, to close the deal, or to find a new company to collaborate with. The Yahoo Company decided that a new company would possibly resolve the problem of difficult market positions. Nevertheless, it was a risk. In this case, the success of the deal was supported by the specifics of the negotiation between the Yahoo Company and new managers. As the former president of the company notices, the founder of the Alibaba Company impressed them with his management philosophy. It is often the case that companies with different visions and approaches cannot effectively operate and build a business, even if it is potentially profitable. In this case, the alignment between the Yahoo and the Alibaba administrations led to a favorable deal. Due to good relationships with the founder, the company’s negotiations with Alibaba were facilitated, and the joint venture was created. The ability to recognize mistakes and learn from them was one of the key approaches that helped the company succeed in the market, argues the author. The importance of negotiation and cultural agents is also underlined by the author of the article. As Sue Decker explains, the company had to agree to abandon their previous “control” approach in favor of the Chinese colleagues who insisted on it. As it turned out, such an approach was standard in the Chinese Internet and media industry. Here, the company could have refused, but eventually, the deal would end in the same way as their previous one did – with little to no success. Therefore, the company chose another approach to the existing norms in business in China and only profited from it. Any alternative to this decision would have resulted in a complete failure, just as it was with 3721. Although the company agreed to give up control over many procedures in 3721, it was not enough for the local team to compete with Chinese rivals. Therefore, in the new deal with Alibaba, the company had no other option but to give up all control they had over the local operations. What is more, employee issues were also resolved by the partner, who had no previous connection to the company. Nevertheless, the deal brought revenues and success because the company’s leadership teams aligned in the approach towards business.
The Great Depression was a time in history that had a noticeable and largely significant influence on the world. The hardships that people went through have become instilled in time, teaching future generations of the changes that can affect many people. John Garraty looks into the reasons and times that ruled the society during the hardships and limitations that will never be forgotten. Very specific words are said by Garraty when he identifies the period in history as “a cataclysmic event and it produced such extraordinary changes in the political, economic, and social structure of the United States…” (Garraty 167). The 1900’s were a time when the world was changing, torn by war and many things would define the future at a speed previously unseen. His book looks at the factors that have caused and prolonged the issues that have deprived many people of jobs and ability to come out of the atrocious conditions. John Garraty also examines how agriculture was impacted, as people were very much dependant on it. The industry was at an all time low which caused a chain reaction of people losing jobs and not being able to support themselves or their families. As the Great Depression happened in other countries as well, it was an international phenomenon that has had a profound effect on several strong and major nations. John Garraty mentions that a lot of people thought the Great Depression happened because of the” Wall Street crash of October 1929” (Garraty 169). It is possible to suppose that one event would start the process but even though it could have been the catalyst, it was not enough to have such an effect all by itself. There were many factors that led to the global fall of economy. The government was taking close look at the budgeting problems and several policies were being analyzed. Hoover is mentioned several times as a center figure in the balancing and searching for the right strategy. As the breakdown was commonplace, the volume of production was decreased and the bankruptcy of many firms became inevitable. The radical changes had to be made and Roosevelt became the key person who influenced the nation and directed it in the right way (Garraty 176). He has given people better access to jobs and a chance to rebuild the world. Even though John Garraty takes a detailed look at some important points, the evidence is somewhat unclear to the layperson. The reasons and causes for the Great Depression must be deeply analyzed, so that such future situations can be avoided. The book also gives a lot of examples that come from other historical texts and little explanation is given as to the reasoning and thinking of the writer. A person reading the book must be very knowledgeable of the events and the moment in history when the Great Depression took place. Someone who is unaware will miss the points that require attention and the fo