ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In general, how would you describe Malcolm’s experience of the Hajj? Malcolm’s experience of the Hajj indeed is remarkable and delightful. He explains how Islam has managed to solve one of the most difficult and fundamental world’s problems – racial relations. For several hundred years, racism has been poisoning society, and even now, when it is considered to be in history, it still exists on some levels. Malcolm says that a white person in the Muslim world treats him as only a king would be treated in America. He claims that people here are free from any prejudice, and brotherhood does not distinguish any colors, just people. What difficulties did he expect to encounter on pilgrimage? Did he encounter them? At the beginning of the letter, Malcolm says that America has made him think that the real brotherhood, unity, and mutual understanding can not exist between whites and non-whites. Hence, although he is Muslim and he believes in his religion, he still has been ready to encounter some difficulties related to racial relations on pilgrimage. Nevertheless, he did not. It turns out that discrimination can be erased from society, and when it is, a lot of other problems vanish as well. What effect did this Hajj have on Malcolm’s understanding of human nature and relationships? Malcolm’s experience of the pilgrimage has made him believe that real unity and understanding actually can exist between people regardless of their country of birth, the color of skin, or the language they speak. And he determines Islam as a way to achieve all of this. He states that other nations and countries should understand Islam to be able to rise above racism and solve this problem once and for all. When a person can accept the Oneness of God, he or she becomes free from all whiteness in the mind, attitudes, and behavior, and as an individual open to new knowledge and experiences Malcolm steps away from his previous conclusions in this regard. What lessons does Malcolm believe Islam can teach America? Can Christianity teach those lessons? Why or why not? First of all, Malcolm describes America as the country, which has taught him about the impossibility of equal and respectful relations between whites and non-whites. Because of his experience there, he was ready to face the same problems even in the Muslim world. He says that racism leads this country to the suicide path and destroys it as cancer. However, if only people can see and understand the Oneness of God they can stop measure others because of their skin color. As for Christianity, probably, it is not able to do the same since it has not coped with racism yet, but people open to this religion can be more susceptible to Islamic paradigms. As the ‘target population’, Malcolm identifies young people, for example, students of colleges or universities because they are more progressive and open to changes, and that is why they are more likely to follow the spiritual path of truth. Is this letter still relevant? Why or why not? This letter is still relevant since even though many people believe that racism is already in history it still exists and influences society and people’s rela
Review of historical perspective of informed consent Scientific discoveries of the 20 th centuries also led to developments in the field of medicine. Researchers have used such knowledge to develop drugs and vaccines that protect people from diseases. However, some of these drugs have resulted from research atrocities involving human subjects. Subjects in such studies rarely get any information about clinical trials. Thus, they do not give informed consents to the studies. Horror cases from the World War II by Nazis, atrocities of the United States Public Health Service (USPHS), and other medical trials made the public demand for ethical procedures and practices in medical studies. This was the beginning of bioethics and the emergence of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). Informed consent aimed at protecting the research participants. People interested in taking part in research trials have the right to know risks, benefits, procedures, the aim of the study, and protection of identity (confidentiality). Thus, participants can give their consents through signing consent forms. However, subjects retain the right to withdraw from the study when they want (Aschengrau and Seage, 2007). A serious case involving human subjects was Tuskegee experiment, which showed that withholding treatment from the research subjects was unethical. The USPHS conducted the study from 1932 to 1972 using 600 subjects who never consented to the study. This violation of subjects’ right led to the formation of the National Research Act of 1974 . Before this Act, there was also the Declaration of Helsinki in 1964. This declaration became the foundation of protecting all humanities from unethical research studies. Since then, the UN has revised the document on several occasions (Pelias, 2006). However, the introduction of IRBs, Acts , Declaration of Helsinki and other measures to protect subjects have not been effective as research standards still fail to meet ethical requirements. In some cases, subjects have lost their lives. This was the case of Ellen Roche in 2001 Asthma Study. The role of the case of Ellen Roche (Asthma Study) in developing ethical research practices The Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) provides clear and detailed procedures of obtaining informed consent (Office for Human Research Protections, 1993). However, some researchers and subjects fail to adhere to such requirements leading to severe ethical issues and legal consequences. Roche was a healthy research subject. However, the subject inhaled hexamethonium and became ill. Hexamethonium causes lung damages. This explains why researchers administered the drug in extraordinarily large amounts. Roche succumbed to lung damages in less than a month after inhaling hexamethon
Introduction In the context of the modern world, there is a need to let people of different cultures collaborate and create things together. Becoming more conscious of our likenesses, accompanied by cultural alterations, should never split us (Browaeys & Price 2008). Through joint interests, we can find out how to render the differences into similarities. Therefore, the variance stops being a block to efficiency. In proficient multicultural teamwork, the partakers must have an understanding of the shared determination. Nonetheless, they must realise that the diverse cultural cohorts may have divergent philosophies of how the frontrunners are selected and about how struggles and discrepancies should be coped with (Thomas & Peterson 2014). Multicultural teamwork entails a strategy, tolerance, and willpower to challenge the longstanding behaviours in novel ways by partnering with those who are typically not participating in the teamwork. The multicultural alliance will be operative if the individuals overcome the diversity to encourage an integrated determination. The teamwork may appear jagged in the beginning because of dissimilar aptitudes and knowledge. Nevertheless, if the accent is on the shared objective, common conclusion, and distinct team roles, the groups involved are going to achieve their goal. Group work description Collaborating on this project was a great experience. My groupmates and I did a presentation together after watching the movie. To collaborate efficiently, we decided to split the roles. Therefore, two of us were working on the visual presentation while the other two members of the team examined the required resources. This was done to provide the team with the essential elements of the presentation in a shorter period and show an adequate level of collaboration. We decided not to point out a leader but elaborated our presentation in a rather democratic approach where every member of the team could contribute to the overall success. Another indication of great teamwork is the fact that we peacefully (but rather enthusiastically) discussed the presentation and shared our thoughts to create an outline of the future presentation. We were all able to listen to each other and incorporate the best ideas into practice. I believe that the distribution of the roles was smart, and all the team members showed interest in completing the project. Another important part of our teamwork is that three Nigerian students and one Indian student were able to collaborate efficiently while not paying attention to the major cultural differences and rather converting them into the accommodating assets. We worked in a friendly, stress-free atmosphere, were capable of making reasonable decisions, and presented our work on time. Conclusion As our populace becomes further ethnically assorted, some social groups are going through more difficulties. If we find a way to comprehend and value the beliefs of others and perceive each other as fellow students with analogous interests instead of rivals, we will be more conferred in the clue of paying more attention to each other. Looking out for others bo
Introduction Alexander the Great was born in 356 B.C in a place called Pella in Macedonia. According to historical records, Alexander was one of the greatest military intellects the world has ever produced. While still a young boy, he had set out on a mission to conquer the world and make it under Macedonian rule. The driving factor in this mission was his belief that the world should have one leader. In all the countries that Alexander conquered, he brought in Greek ideas that finally culminated into what is today referred to as western civilization. In order to understand the man better, it is first important to examine the circumstances surrounding his birth. (Kagan 36) Main body Alexander’s birth according to historical analysts was in itself surrounded by mystery. His parents were people who belonged to the royal family and were legends in their own way. Alexander’s mother Olympias was a direct descendant of Zeus who was a feared god in the Greek culture. Both his father and mother were religious people. When Olympia was pregnant, the god’s are said to have communicated to her and the husband in a dream on the nature of the child to be born. His mother is said to have dreamt of a loud rumbling that had struck her womb. In her husband’s dream, he saw himself sealing his wife’s womb with the seal of a lion. Since both of them believed in the power of dreams, they called an interpreter who was required to give the meaning of the dreams. The man determined that since Olympias was pregnant, then the dream was linked to the birth of the child. According to his interpretation, the child would be a boy and would have the character of a lion. It was in this context then that the young boy Alexander was born. (Green 301) When he was a young boy Alexander was fearless and strong. These are qualities that could only be likened to those of a lion. At the tender age of twelve years, Alexander was able to tame a horse that even adults could not ride. On achieving this fete, his father had encouraged him to look for a bigger kingdom since he couldn’t fit in Macedonia. It was this horse that could later carry him to the far parts of the world in war. Together with his age mates who belonged to the loyal family, Alexander was taken in by the renowned philosopher Aristotle who taught them the world of art. Though Aristotle conquered the world with intellect, his pupil Alexander conquered it with war. (Green 305) Alexander’s motivation came from the belief that since god was one, then the world should have one person to rule it. It was this school of thought that would see him endeavor to unite the world under one rule. When his father went out for conquest, he would leave the kingdom under Alexander. At one time in 340 B.C, Alexander who had nothing to do was left to look after the kingdom. He then decided to use this period to test his skill in war. Using his fathers remaining army, Alexander is said to have driven the inhabitants of Maed
Introduction To begin with it is necessary to mention that King Philip’s War is often regarded as the armed conflict between Native Americans of present-day southern New England and English colonists jointly with their Native American allies during the period of 1675–1676. In accordance to the joined estimation of the losses during this conflict, More than half of New England’s ninety towns were assaulted by Native American warriors. The issues of colonialism by King Philip in this war were represented by the means of the rifles and bayonets. From this point of view, Bacon’s Rebellion is regarded as the huge popular growing force of the American Revolution. The rebellion started as the conflict among English inhabitants of Virginia on the issues of American policy towards Indians. Conflict. War and Reellion From the point of view of the Rebellion by Bacon, the views of colonialism originated the civil war, which seriously impacted anti–American-Indian western settlers, who confronted Governor William Berkeley and his associates who supported more pacifying policies toward native Indian Peoples. It is stated that the name of the rebellion was taken after Nathaniel Bacon, who arrived in Virginia in 1674, and was accepted by the elite society. His ideas entailed the reasons and the causes of the war, and it is emphasized that these ideas were much more deep than the ideas of leadership of a single man. The issues of Rebellion, which Bacon represented, offered the redefinition of the domestic landscape of seventeenth-century Chesapeake. Foner (2005) emphasizes the following fact: “ What started as an external conflict with American Indians quickly developed into a local insurrection among predominantly western inhabitants who rejected the accommodationist regulations of the eastern inhabitants. As it developed, however, Bacon’s Rebellion took on a tenor of class warfare as his forces, increasingly composed of runaway servants and slaves, pillaged the possessions of Berkeley’s allies in the Tidewater. Some historians have argued that class conflict and racial equality among Bacon’s rebels prompted tobacco planters to replace white indentured servants with African slaves, thus sowing the seeds of the racial divide that would define the South and much of America in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. ” It is necessary to emphasize that the Rebellion al
Introduction Culture is the art of living, while gender equality is where both genders are treated the same through equal opportunities (Zinn et al. 13). Assessing the culture of a given population can be effectively achieved by carrying out interviews. This stems from the fact that interviews play a critical role in our social lives, as they help to assess other people’s experiences, their motives in life, their feeling towards diverse subjects, and the effects of their day-to-day routines, among other aspects. The close relationship developed during the interview process facilitates the acquiring of information in a broader context. This study will seek to develop an in-depth understanding of career and family expectations with respect to ageism and feminism by interviewing two fellow college students: a male and a female. Open-Ended Question Interview Female Interviewee Interviewer: “Who do you think holds the primary duty of providing care to the aging population within the family setting?” Interviewee: “Both women and men have the ultimate responsibility of taking care of the elderly within the family setting.” Interviewer: “What factors are attributed to ageism within our communities?” Interviewee: “Industrialization is the main cause of ageism, as rural to urban migration tends to reduce the close interaction between the caregivers and the care providers.” Interviewer: “According to your opinion, does providing a woman with higher education strengthen or weaken marriage?” Interviewee: “I am of the opinion that education plays a critical role in strengthening marriage because a woman is perceived to be the foremost person responsible for enlightening the young in the family setting.” Interviewer: “What constitutes a stable marriage?” Interviewee: “A stable marriage is characterized by a partnership between a husband and wife that resembles a social bond between two individuals. Therefore, a woman needs to have equal knowledge to uphold the partnership.” Interviewer: “Between a husband and a wife, who is supposed to be more loyal in the relationship?” Interviewee: “A successful marriage necessitates loyalty from both the husband and the wife. Thus, it is required that both men and women should participate in their role of duty equally.” Interviewer: “Do you think the women’s beauty contest adds value to marriages, making the woman become equal with the man?” Interviewee: “No, beauty and fashion do not contribute to the role of marriage partnership since
In most parts of the world, animals are treated as if they do not have any form of rights. As such, they are treated with cruelty, for example, being left in the cold at night and without any form of shelter. If the animal falls sick they are left to suffer until their death. In most parts of the world, especially the second world countries, the animals are sometimes left unfed for days due to the high level of poverty. When there is a natural calamity like droughts, the condition becomes even worse for the cattle and other domestic animals. Due to the extensive unfairness to the animals, the Veterinary department of most developed countries has established laws concerning the treatment care and support that animals have to be accorded with. They first established a database that can put in place the details of almost all the domestic and wild animals in the world. The use and constant support of the animals every day is something that requires dedication from the person involved. At some point, people dedicate their time, give time, and sacrifice in their life just to be able to provide. At this time of the animal’s life, they may need care. On a more pragmatic analysis, to be able to the extent these services to more animals that are in need. We are supposed to open up an animal abuse registry so that; the malnourished and poorly treated animals can be treated as soon as possible. In poorly developed nations, animals suffering from simple diseases or even cuts end up dead due to the negligence they go through. If only people could be more considerate of the animals, more could be saved through the establishment of more animal support facilities by the government.
Executive Summary The emirate of Dubai is rapidly expanding and it is necessary to ensure that important resources such as water are used sustainably. As the current population seeks to meet its needs for water, care should be taken to ensure that ability to meet the future needs is not compromised. It is the reason why integrated sustainable water resource management has become a very relevant concept. The dissertation will look at how policies can be enacted to enhance sustainable use of water at industrial, agricultural, and domestic levels in the emirate of Dubai. Background of the Topic Integrated sustainable water resource management is currently one of the major areas of focus for the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), the body responsible for ensuring that there is regular supply of water and electricity for the residents of Dubai (Morpeth & Hongliang 2015). Setegn and Donoso (2015, p. 73) define integrated water resource management as “a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.” The United Arab Emirates, and specifically the emirate of Dubai, has registered impressive economic development, especially because of the massive investment made by the government to diversify the economy. Tourism, transport, and commerce are some of the sectors, which have registered impressive growth. Agriculture and manufacturing sectors are also expanding rapidly. The growing economy and the increasing population have exerted massive pressure on natural water resources. Currently, the emirate relies on underground water to meet the local demand. However, these natural resources are overused and the quality of water they produce is compromised. Given the arid nature of the country, it is not possible to harvest enough rainwater that can be used sustainably for domestic, agricultural, and industrial needs. Currently, the government of Dubai- through DEWA- has put in place programs meant to desalinate seawater to be used for various sectors of the economy (Morpeth & Hongliang 2015). The strategy used by the government focuses on the use of renewable energy to desalinate seawater, which is abundantly available, so that the problem of water scarcity can be addressed in this country. The researcher believes that sustainable solutions for water resource management for the Emirate of Dubai can be achieved through implementation of policies, which advocat
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae is discovered as one of the most rapid yeasts due to its quick fermentation speed. The primary goal of the paper is to determine the existence of the potential aspects to increase the fermentation rate of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae while disapproving the existent hypothesis (Shiroma et al. 1002). In this instance, suitable yeast strains were utilized as a sample size while using ethanol concentration. As for the methodology, various experiments and tests such as Western blotting and measurements of various parameters including weight, signal intensity, and cell area were selected to find support for the hypothesis (Shiroma et al. 1004). Nonetheless, the results were portrayed in the form of diagrams and graphs to be able to depict the potential fluctuations in the functioning of yeast in the changing environment. As for the results, they contribute to the fact that the fermentation can be accelerated with the assistance of various factors. It could be said that the outcomes reveal that ethanol fermentation can be improved with the help of atg32 laboratory strain (Shiroma et al. 1008). It was also highlighted that ethanol fermentation can be infused by atg32 sake yeast mutant while using Ginjo sake’s environment and “minimal synthetic medium” (Shiroma et al. 1009). Finally, the outcomes of this study can have implications in the biofuel production due to the ability to enhance the speed of ethanol. In this instance, the hypothesis was approved as the fermentation speed can be easily accelerated with the assistance of influence on mitophagy. Work Cited Shiroma, Shodai, Lahiru Jayakody, Kenta Horie, Koji Okamoto and Hiroshi Kitagaki. “Enhancement of Ethanol Fermentation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Sake Yeast by Disrupting Mitophagy Function.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80.3 (2014): 1002-1010. Print.
Introduction The differences between male and female have been attributed to various factors not only in terms of physical and biological features but also in cognitive development (Shaffer 78). In most cases, studies on the differences between males and females have focused on genetic and physical characteristics. The cognitive variations have not received much attention from scholars. The differences in males and females in the way they think are majorly attributed to cognitive variations resulting from brain development. In fact, the manner in which individuals think depends on the level of brain development. In most cases, the way individuals perceive, understand, and respond to the immediate environmental stimuli is majorly determined by the manner in which the brain has been developed