ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Psychology is probably one of the most interesting and mysterious sciences. It is very helpful for those who want to know people’s nature and character. Like every branch of science, it is presented by a great number of outstanding persons who made a big contribution to its development. William Sheldon was regarded as one of the most famous and honorable representatives of psychology. His works are very interesting and useful for both, those who deal with this science professionally, and simple amateurs. Sheldon did not belong to the so-called pseudo-scientists, as he put the ancient points of view of the affiliation between the type of body and temperament on sheltered basics. To start discussing the theories and methods of Sheldon, it is necessary to say a few words about his biography. William Sheldon received education at the University of Chicago. In 1926 he got a Ph.D. in psychology and an M.D. in 1933. After graduation, Sheldon started his activity working at different universities and in 1951 he joined the Medical School of the University of Oregon, where he was a notable professor of medicine and executive of the foundation clinic. This clinic was specialized in studying the relationships between physical distinguishes and sickness. It was the favorite subject of his activity, to which Sheldon devoted the greatest part of his life. Sheldon along with those who supported his work during the 1930s and The 1940s believed that his morphological findings comprised a breakthrough discovery of great relevance to fields such as medicine, nutrition, and physical education, not to mention eugenics and criminology (Griffith 133). He gained recognition as a very successful and talented doctor and unusual person. He maintained technological and methodical managers with a sturdy grab of different issues which had an impact on qualified staffing – reimbursement and remuneration, managerial relationships, stag relocation, and career organization. Moreover, Sheldon obtained a B.S. degree at New York State University and an M.S. degree at Albany State University. The greatest part of Sheldon’s life was devoted to studying the theory of personality. There were a lot of attempts to develop and examine the theory of personality: “A central, key concept to what The Class System is all about is that it is a personality theory that examines and delineates many psychological elements syndromes within our large middle-class culture” ( Orr 119). Needless to say that the theory of temperaments is one of the most popular that describes personality and divides it into several types. Sheldon’s theory can be regarded as unusual and very interesting at the same time. According to his theory, the character types are divided into three classes by the body type: the endomorph (grave and even-tempered), mesomorph (well-built and hostile), and ectomorph (slim and rational or artistic). Sheldon stated that type of ch
It might be difficult to establish a policy regarding such a sensitive topic as insurance coverage of natural disasters that would ensure that both customers and insurers are satisfied. However, it is possible to establish the risks associated with the location of a household and calculate insurance premiums in accordance with them. It is counterproductive to rebuild houses after every disaster in their area, and I believe that higher insurance costs should reflect that. At the same time, the destruction of property is not something that should be ignored by the government. The primary incentive provided by FEMA in a case where the incident could have been prevented must include an opportunity to move from the area into a more suitable for a family, especially if they are unwilling to put up with the risk costs. There is a difference between insurances on households that are located in tornado-prone and flood-prone areas. These two types of insurance have a significant difference in the available data that helps with risk assessment. Floods are more predictable, and it is possible to create a map for each flood-prone area that would allow insurance companies to calculate the exact cost of premiums (Bernard, 2013). However, there are cases in which the government must help people who are unable to avoid the adverse impact of natural disasters, such as the issue with outdated flood maps. In turn, there is a critical factor that prevents companies from establishing a clear set of rules regarding insurance coverage for tornadoes. There is a lack of scientific data that would provide an adequate prediction of their occurrence (Pappas, 2013). The costs associated with these risks must also take into consideration the possibility and feasibility of prevention measures available to people.
Health promoters are a trained workforce whose primary purpose is to improve health through a variety of activities carried out by health promotion organizations. Individual empowerment, societal responsibility for health, and establishing an enabling environment for developing personal skills and boosting community action are among their top goals (Nutbeam, 2019). In the realm of health promotion, experts from various multidisciplinary health workers have agreed on the characteristics of effective collaboration and an interdisciplinary approach. Interdisciplinary teams’ most essential purpose is to bring together a variety of diverse viewpoints on caring and to use the talents and knowledge of many different individuals and sectors. Intersectional collaboration between different health professionals and the public and commercial sectors is critical for effective health promotion (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2018). The diversity of these elements demonstrates that one’s health is not just dependent on medical services or nurses and physicians (Nutbeam, 2019). The large range of activities that make up health promotion needs a diverse set of abilities from a number of health professionals and industries. Incorporating multidisciplinary specialists within the health promotion team, such as Nurse Practitioners (NPs), Social Workers (SWs), and Registered Nurses (RNs), will be advantageous in the long and short term. Nurse practitioners are nurses who receive further education and training and are capable of treating a wide range of ailments as well as providing preventative care and health education (Pun, 2018). Social workers have specialized training in assisting people and groups in developing skills and resolving difficulties. Whether the issues are personal, interpersonal, or social in nature, social workers can assist in guiding and resolving many of today’s issues (Nutbeam, 2019). Registered nurses examine and analyze healthcare needs in order to decide the best service or treatment, the best healthcare provider, and the best equipment to deliver patient
Introduction One of the annual concerns of the company is its compensation policy or strategies. Compliance to the compensation policy and plans has remained to be a sensitive issue to most companies. The compliance requires that the firm board and chief executives exercise greater independence, judgment, as well as skills while implementing its compensation plans. The reason is that compensation plans are integral to the long-term performance of the company (Jensen, 1998). In essence, the firm stakeholders will always provide support to the compensation plans that add sustainable value to the firm’s performance. Indeed, the importance of the compensation plans to the firm is underscored by the disclosure requirement of the SEC, which is more detailed than any other item in the proxy statements (Jensen, 1998). This paper will be analyzing the Goldman and Sachs Inc. compensation practices and the effects of laws, labour unions, and market forces on these compensation practices. The company compensation strategy and compensation-related challenges they are facing Goldman and Sachs is one of the leading investment banking in the world. The company also is a securities and investment management firm that offers a number of financial services to the diversified and substantial client base (Goldman Sachs Group Inc., 2010). The firm’s client base includes governments, institutions, as well as the high-net-worth personalities. The company has adopted compensation framework designed to align with long-term interests of the people as well as all its shareholders. In addition, the compensation practices of the company are in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory bodies such as the Federal Reserve Board and the EU regulators (Goldman Sachs Group Inc., 2011. The company have strived to harmonize its compensation practices with those applied worldwide in order cater for the needs of all its stakeholders spread worldwide. The firm’s compensation practices are aimed at attracting and retaining the best talents, supporting its greater performance, discourage excessive risk taking by its employees and support the interest of its employees as well as shareholders (Goldman Sachs Group Inc., 2011). Further, the firm’s compensation strategies are evaluated overtime to take into cognizance some of the changes that have taken place in addition to the compliance with the newly enacted laws and regulations. One of the key practices is that there is necessary disclosure element in the firm’s compensation plans. Moreover, the compensations are based on the company financial performance. In other words, short-term compensations are discouraged particularly to avoid short period incentives that may benefit only the chief executives. In addition, the company allows claw-back provisions that necessitate performance based compensations (Goldman Sachs Group Inc., 2011). The company compensation practices are in accordance with the requirement of the local laws and regulation as well as the
Introduction Data analysis applied in marketing and marketing research process can greatly benefit the Apple Corporation to increase sales and reach in a wider consumer base. Currently, Microsoft Corporation is Apple’s biggest competitor controlling about 72% of the market share (Kunkel 36). Marketing is the process through which organizations determine the products or services which may be of interest to the consumer hence verifies the strategy to be used in the sale of the product, communication to the consumer and overall business growth. Marketing is therefore an important fundamental process through which an organization can generate value for the consumer as well as create strong customer relationships so as to seize value from the consumer. Marketing research on the other hand is the methodical collection, documentation and analysis of all the data that is of importance to the marketing of given products and services (Mohan 56). The Apple Corporation manufactures its own computers known as the Macintosh also known as Mac and also creates the operating systems that run on Macs, for instance the Mac OS X. in addition, Apple autonomously develops Mac compatible software which is bundled with the Mac computers hence the organization basically locks in its market share (Kunkel 36). Microsoft on the other hand develops operating systems for almost all brands of computers the main one being the Windows operating system. Most computer brands like Toshiba, dell, Compaq and Panasonic are compatible with the Windows operating system for instance the latest Windows 7 unlike the Mac Os which is only compatible to the Mac brand of computers (Mohan 61). Consequently, Microsoft controls a large portion of the operating systems market when compared to Apple. Furthermore, software created by Microsoft is compatible to the Windows operating system making it common among most computer users hence Mac users have to purchase Mac compatible Microsoft software for example in 1997, Apple partnered with Microsoft to release new versions of Microsoft Office for the Macintosh, hence Apple was buying part of Microsoft’s products which consequently benefited Microsoft to the sum of $150 million worth of non-voting Apple stock (Kunkel 39). There is therefore a need for Apple to widely market its products in order to lock in a wider market range and compete on the same level as Microsoft. Data collection tools In-Home product testing is an excellent way to market a product and at the same time carry out marketing research. This method could be used by Apple in order to obtain fast responses in the form of consumer opinion data based on in-home product trial and evaluation (Lewis 94). Apple could for example offer an individual a Mac computer to a Microsoft user and ask the individual to compare the two operating systems (Veryard 90). The organization can also place a number of individuals in an office environment and instruct them to complete specific tasks using the Mac computers and afterwards answer a series of questions or fill in a questionnair
The subject of the case study is a hospital that uses an intranet to aid in the making of decisions and also carrying out internal auditing. In the use of the intranet all the personnel that carry out their activities in the hospital are served and especially the top management of the hospital, the hospital uses an information management system and their intra net is built to complement the Information system in the accounts department the (AIS) specifically as means of decision support system application which is used for performance indicators and which aids the top managers of the hospital. Computer based controls are used to survey the malfunctions of the software and also indicators of performance are initiated so as to state the effectiveness of every department and also the ultimate performance of the entire hospital. It contains queries in the database of the Accounting Information System (Labrso, 2011). This system does produce a wide range of results in form of reports that include monitors and indicators that analyze medical and also drug resources, debit and credits for the customers, the guidelines of clinic practice, procedures and schedules of surgeries, comparison of the policy of the patient policy on daily basis and also reports and forms that are online, view of each doctor’s performance in regard to their patients and the clinics is also made part of the system’s output. Distinguishing between invoiced and the non-invoiced revenues and also analysis regarding of the receivables which are related to patients and also related to institutions of social security and companies of insurance. This is the main data that is found inside the Intranet. The information system is designed to fit in to the nature of the structure of the hospital that includes that fact that the hospital covers an area of about 55,000 Meter squared, containing clinics and also outpatient service clinics with various specialties, installed within the state of the art equipment, the hospital has about one thousand four hundred employees, of whom two hundred are distinguished physicians and many leading freelancers. The facility is equipped with about 300 beds within the clinics, 25 rooms of operation, thirty eight ICU beds, twenty four unit beds for offering dialysis and 78 on a day basis nursing beds. hospital works as a charity, foundation that is non-profit, giving vital care that is both primary and secondary in its society (Labrso, 2011). With the kind of structure that the hospital has, various information systems that is flexible and also integrated, makes it vital for any given private or even public organization that is in search of offering modern, effective health services and also remain competitive. The hospital has an information system that is separate, connecting to various databases that give support to numerous applications. For instance there is one that analyzes the test from the lab Information system, in short its (LIS), there is one for the administrative purposes that include th
Various theories and ideologies have been introduced to try to establish awareness of the socio-economic and political nature of the life of various people in different societies (Roskin, Cord, Medeiros, & Jones, 2010). Capitalism in my view presents a profound economic system, which seeks to permit an individual in person and society. Capitalism can be said to be a socio-economic system, which is premised on the recognition of individual rights, which is inclusive of property rights privately owned. The situation within this incident grants individual rights as well as supports private property acquisitions in which production is reliant on the economy that is poorly managed. Within the community, people work for their economic self-concerns, which in return boost the entire community’s self-concern. For a liberal market economy, individuals amass personal wealth and, on the other hand, create opportunities and accumulate wealth for others, as well. Capitalism strives to achieve performance while at the same time giving incomes to, workforce through generating, managing, as well as enhancing division of labor and competence. Capitalism majors on individuals living on their effort, and at the same time respecting the rights of others (Roskin, Cord, Medeiros, & Jones, 2010). The economic life of a capitalist is with limited control of the state. The state, however, is not excluded from the running of the capitalists’ affairs. Capitalism being a political economy involves participation in economic activity with maximum freedom with the aim of government regulations. These regulations are in agreement with capitalism’s economic principles and are meant to grant justice. It is; thus, crucial for the government to get more involved with society to achieve capitalists’ goals. The government should also get more involved in giving full protection to human rights, private property, and against external aggression. In protecting real property, it should also protect instruments of production. The government should also get involved in the legal protection of capitalists and offer them rightful privileges (Roskin, Cord, Medeiros, & Jones, 2010). The government should also put in place commercial regulation, which enables free trade as against monopoly. These regulations will provide an opportunity for everyone to contribute and participate in the production. Capitalism, which promotes private ownership of property, is far away from communism, which promotes common ownership (Roskin, Cord, Medeiros, & Jones, 2010). Communism is an economic system where the property is held in common unlike privately. It is a socialist system, which promotes a classless, moneyless, and stateless social order, which aims at obtaining common ownership of production made to sustain social order. Communism came to place with the idea of bridging the gap between the rich and the poor by common ownership of property. This ideology did not believe in personal struggles
The article Tablets: The Scramble to Be Second by Cliff Edwards and Peter Burrows provides a scope of issues on the development of tablet technological devices in the computer market. The gist of the article corresponds to the question that by 2015 the tablet market will possibly have a share of 25% in the PC market (Edwards and Burrows 1). In this respect, the authors provide a line of the major rivals to Apple and iPad, in particular. The competition seems to grow with each day, for the “trophy” is too valuable to just leave it out. Struggling for second place is at stake. Reviewing the main companies, researching and inventing new kinds of tablets along with the implementation of specific applications is significant in the article. Such computer giants as Samsung, Asus, HP, Dell are coping with the real need of having new technologies up. Cutting prices for cutting-edge technologies is, particularly, the main approach of Apple’s rivals. However, the authors claim for a particular obstacle to overcome iPad in its main characteristics: “Apple’s (AAPL) rivals may have trouble coming up with an iPad-beater” (Edwards and Burrows 1). This is why for such a device the company created a longlife type of battery along with custom-made stuffing. Thus, the main hope of the authors is that the rest of the computer giants are likely to adjust their (each by its own) efforts to fulfill a niche in the market nearby Apple’s unchangeable advantage. To say more, it stated in the article that now it is all about the number of applications possible to be included in tablets. Critiquing the overall value of the article, one should take notice of how it is constructed. The desires of the main players in the computer market are high. However, there are three factors needful to compete on the highest range, namely: current stage of research, funding, time. Arranging these three factors makes the picture as it looks today. The predictions of the experts highlighted in the article are hypothetically correct if taking into account that the level of current research in high technologies is constantly growing. Thus, one should take a glimpse at trendy innovations not solely of Apple, but also the rest of the players. In this respect, the set of innovations proposed by Samsung and HP predicts further development of tablets among other computer technological devices. Checking out a business trip of each product, iPad is beyond disagreement as compared to its rivals. However, the current situation states a particular struggle for the most intensive markets. Due to the quantitative approach iPad can lose its position while there is no telling concerning the qualitative innovative outlook of the device. Samsung and Dell, in particular, can increase expenditures for researching and then launching some devices against iPad. Again, it is solely probable if concerning tablets along wit