ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary The paper evaluates Collection Development Policy and its overall benefits to libraries. It starts by introduction and the meaning of Collection Development Policy, its components and benefits. Then there is explanation on the general requirements for successful implementation CDP. Finally there is review and evaluation of the existing stock within the library and conclusion. Introduction All libraries have got one primary task of making information available through collection, selection and preservation. Such process is normally made easier through application of relevant policies such as Collection Development policy. The policy assists libraries in organization through effective management of information and other resources (Strong, 1999). Definition of Collection Development Policy A collection development policy presents a written statement of a library’s intention for building collections. The CDP describes collections components including strengths and weaknesses as well as providing clear guidelines for the library employees. The development of the document requires time and careful considerations for the purposes of proving its relevance to the subject. Purpose of CDP The main purpose for a library in normally to sort and provide necessary access to relevant information and resources. Improvement in technology has guaranteed libraries the chance to migrate from holdings method to access strategies which enable information to be provided efficiently and in time. Collection policies are on the increase therefore making libraries prepare in disseminating widely available information (Strong, 1999). Explanation on Collection Development Policy (CDP) The document is expected to provide updated information as well as being flexible when it comes to adapting to various changes. At the same time the guidelines provided should be modifiable in line with the library’s collection needs. Consequently, the collection development policy should be placed on the World Wide Web as a resource for the library’s patrons and source of reference for other libraries (Johnson, 1994). Policy statements normally provide parameters through which employees and users of the library work. Collection Development Policy serves purposes such as; selecting materials, describing current collections, and at the same time makes the staff aware of the aims and objectives of the organization. In addition it gives the various priorities attached to different activities and assists in the processing of budget and overall collection management activities. In general terms CDP prevents the library from being controlled by events as well as individual interests. The document also controls the purchase of resources preventing the cases of obtaining resources not in support of the library’s mission (Clay
Summary The constitution, as the most important law and guide, provides various safeguards to all U.S. citizens. These safeguards are also accorded to individuals standing trial in criminal proceedings before courts. The aim of these safeguards is to ensure there is justice and that there is no miscarriage of that justice. The safeguards that this paper seeks to evaluate are those espoused under the fourth, fifth and sixth amendments in relation to both adult and juvenile trials. Fourth Amendment Safeguards The fourth amendment to the constitution of the United States has the effect of providing protection against any unwarranted searches of any person or where they live as well. This protection extends against the seizure of their belongings. There is, however, a provision that provides for occasions in which such search and/or seizure can occur. The first provision provides that such search and/or seizure is carried out if it is reasonable to do so. The second provides any search or seizure be conducted only after a warrant authorizing such act is issued, indicating specifically the place to be searched as well as the particular items that the authorities seek to seize (U.S. Const. amend. IV). Application to Adult Trial The right under this amendment is a mode of safeguard and protection provided for by the constitution. The main protection provided by the fourth amendment is based upon the concept of protection and the right to privacy. The determination of this right as seen in Katz v. the United States (1967) is the honest thought of privacy by an individual and the expec
Introduction Rafeeq is an online platform that offers customized local services by bridging the gap between vendors and customers. The company is also catering the needs of the target customers in the most creative manner. In short, Rafeeq is offering mobile food delivery to meet the ever-changing demands of the people. Currently, the size of the company is based on 150 to 200 employees (Rafeeq, 2021). How the application work A Valid Customer with appropriate identification places an order. The order received by the administration, which acknowledges the order with the restaurant and the customer. Rafeeq collect the order from the restaurant and confirms that they delivered it to the customer properly and with the best quality. Potential Problems   * After the sudden pandemic of covid-19, business was forced to stop their operations. People witnessed global lockdown that negatively impacted on the financial performance of businesses (Ahmad, 2020). Identically, Rafeeq failed to generate the expected revenue for the year of 2020.   * Along with that, another potential problem is also linked with Covid-19 restrictions. According to World Health Organizations, people are required to practice social distancing to prevent the spread of virus. However, the company is providing mobile delivery services; customer interaction is a must. Hence, Rafeeq is needed to provide their workers with adequate PPEs and good food packaging.   * Rafeeq is also dealing with the problem of consumer behavior that has been change during the isolation for preventing covid-19 (Pathak and Warpade, 2020).   * The strategic problem is people have doubts that restaurants and food delivery companies do not follow the guidance of the ministry of public Health. Goals and Objectives According to the
Introduction Terrorism is defined as the act of inflicting fear on a mass of people with possible attacks. The main aim of terrorism is to have a following or the surrender of a mass of people. An attack on only one individual is not regarded as terrorism. There are various definitions that can define the word, and for this paper, terrorism will include acts that have caused the death of the attacker’s target, fears inflicted on people and the goal of terrorism won’t be restricted to mass mobilization but will involve other aspects. According to Howard (2006), Australia is at the forefront in fighting terrorism in its borders and beyond, in the speech that he gave regarding security at the ASPI global forces 2006 conference he noted that the country’s security department is prepared enough to fight terrorism. The country has collaborated with other countries to man the borders, from the sea to the air. Notably, the fight and the need to be alert about the threat of terrorism was triggered by the September 11, 2001, United States attack. In many ways, it seems ironic that the US was attacked as it is an advanced country with access to the best technology to enable better intelligence collection. Needless to say, other countries were cautioned and security measures were put in place (Beeson and Bellamy, 2003). The most recent terrorist attack in Australia was in 2006, which came from the interlocking networks of terror, arms proliferation, and fundamentalist ideology. In his speech, Prime Minister John Howard noted that the Islamic religion is causing a lot of danger and threats of terrorism, and he added that they are one of us and there is a need to accommodate them but be careful enough. He said that “For Australia, Iraq and Afghanistan are both vital battlegrounds in the fight against terrorism. Australia’s engagement in these theatres – and in the Middle East more generally – is important in protecting our interests and keeping Australia secure. Australian forces are in southern Iraq helping to secure the foundations of a viable, democratic future. T
The US is considered a staunch supporter and promoter of democracy. However, some ethnic minorities, including Chinese and Native Americans, had suffered a lot from discrimination and had to fight for equal rights with white Americans. Despite all the oppression, they did not abandon their country during World War II and significantly contributed to the victory making the government and society see the need for collaboration. The major contribution of Chinese Americans to WWII was their active enlisting in the US army. According to Takaki (2020), their zealous support destroyed Japanese propaganda, which portrayed Chinese Americans as victims, and made China side with the US. Despite the dire conditions many of them lived in and white Americans’ discrimination against them, they used the war as the opportunity to prove themselves as loyal patriots. As for the Navajo tribe, they also had reasons for being hostile towards white Americans. However, they agreed to fight as allies to protect their country and people. Their main contribution was participation in coded interaction: Americans utilized Navajo’s native language as a base for it (Takaki, 2020). Thus, a minor language, which once was forbidden and was considered inferior, became a valuable instrument of victory. It amazes me how much Chinese and Navajo Americans had suffered from discrimination, yet they fought together with white Americans for their country when the external enemy appeared. Moreover, the use of Navajo’s native language during the war is truly inspirational, as it turned the US cultural diversity into a weapon. We should not forget about this valuable experience and support minor languages and cultural traditions. It is frustrating that immigrants or citizens with non-white ancestry had to prove their value before white Americans accepted them as equals. Unfortunately, the emergence of such movements as Black Lives Matter shows that some non-white ethnic groups still face discrimination (Garret, 2018). Therefore, new immigrants often suffer from ethnic intolerance like their predecessors did, as their languages and cultural values are considered inferior, or they do not get the same vocational and educational opportunities. To sum up, Chinese and Navajo Americans have greatly contributed to protecting their country during WWII and proved their loyalty. Despite discrimination and oppression they had experienced from white Americans, they offered help and demonstrated the power of collaboration. The use of the native Navajo language also showed the significance of cultural diversity. These historical events gave us valuable lessons, which we should not forget.
Growing Percentage of C-Sections   * C-section as an incomplete market failure type   * The given failure affects education and healthcare   * Reducing C-sections would lead to significant economy   * Annual savings would rise to Dh305 million   * Figures prove C-sections to be market failure   * Governmental interference would change the occurring situation   * Policy fail could result in cost implications C-section belongs to the kind of failure named an incomplete market, which affects education and healthcare due to the lack of governmental control. As stated in the article, national savings would grow up to Dh305 million annually if hospitals reduced the rates of C-sections to at least 18% compared to the current 25% (Webster). It is expected that the government provides regulations forcing clinics to prioritize natural births and avoid unnecessary intervention. If this policy fails, cost implications and readmissions will show much higher figures. Admissions for Minor Ailments   * Admissions for minor ailments are negative externalities   * Negative externalities usually affect the third parties   * Patients with serious illnesses receive insufficient treatment   * Reducing such admissions results in medication savings   * Overtime costs and staff payments would diminish   * Strict governmental regulations could resolve the issue   * Demographic situation depends on the government’s decision Admissions for minor ailments can be referred to negative externalities. Failures of this kind tend to affect the third parties, which are usually patients who require hospitalization but cannot be hospitalized due to a clinical department being overwhelmed. From the economic point of view, reducing such admissions would lead to savings on medication and overtime costs. The government could provide regulations stating which symptoms prove or do not prove the practicality of admission. If measures are not taken, mortality rates can lead to demographic issues. The Culture of Overprescribing   * Overprescribing is treated as a monopoly power   * Unrestricted selling of medications increases hospitals’ profits   * Excessive prescriptions have led to inflation growth   * Overprescribing made medical inflation rise to 25%   * Increased taxation of pharmaceutical business is required   * Price regulation would contribute to problem elimination   * Incorrect tax index could dramatize the issue While UAE clinics top up their profits through the unrestricted selling of medications, overprescribing can be viewed as a monopoly power kind of a failure. Webster stresses that “a culture of overprescribing by incentivized doctors and pharmacists has led medical inflation to spiral to 25 per cent.” The increase of taxation of pharmaceutical business combined with price regulation would allow the government to eliminate the problem. However, if state organizations fail to calculate the tax index correctly, medication sales will drop to an intolerable lev
Emotional labor is no more than the manifestation of the generally preferred feelings at any work place. Emotional labor encompasses the “control of a person’s behavior to display the appropriate emotions” (Chu, 2002, p.21). Essentially, lecturers at colleges and universities belong to the sphere of service provision, hence not segregated from emotional labor. The situation that is required is for the college and university tutors to work “with students on recognizing and managing their emotions in order to facilitate transformative learning” (Huyton, 2009, p.1). However, the concepts of emotional labor are also evident, not only in workplaces, but also in every aspect of an individual life. An individual charged with service work has a noble obligation to ensure suppression of his or her emotions. One may deem this inappropriate to conformity with social affiliations since emotional labor constitutes essential catalysts for cute success in service provisions. Disclosure of entire personality traits to students according to Mortiboys “…is rarely appropriate in the courses in higher education” (2002, p.28). Given that learning institutions’ overall goal is to indulge in practices that lead to substantial transfer of knowledge without impairing the students’ community in any negative way, the lectures would thus definitely find themselves demanded to conceal some of their personality traits as part of conformance with the goals of the institutions. “Everyday experiences diminish students, making them vulnerable, damaged, and unable to exercise agency and resilience” (Huyton, 2009, p.4). This prompts the tutors to subscribe to the deployment of emotional labor by incorporating emotional intelligence in their work as part of the ways to hinder strategies that may push students into emotional vulnerability. The opinion that “students need to view tutors as role models, which places on them a responsibility to be enthusiastic, confident and happy people” (Huyton, 2009, p.4) further escalates the concept of the need of the lecturers to participate in emotional labor. In my opinion, emotional labor is troublesome, as it impedes tutors in colleges and universities to amicably portray their true ‘selves’ during teaching since attempts to practically institute and express certain unreal emotions results to surface expressions which more often than not is not
Introduction Indians were supposed to settle in America between 15000 and 60000 years ago. They were the first indigenous American ancestors with religious views, land care attitudes, gender distribution roles, and serene notions of freedom. Compared to the European colonies and society that wanted to conquer and defy the outer world, Indians paid more attention to their well-being and stimulation and facilitation of their irrigation systems and trade networks. There were distinct differences between those originating worlds, as well as they had common peculiarities that enabled them to coexist together. The diversity between these two civilizations was so staggering that it was next to impossible to understand the way they managed to influence each other in further cooperation. Differences between an Indian Society and the Europeans Indian societies were occupied with building roads, trading centers for internal sale markets, and building large planned towns with multiple-family dwellings; their primary orientations were crop and stock production and their nation-related development. The European civilization focused on the expansion of its borders by conquering other countries. Various European countries, such as Spain, France, and Britain, wanted to extend their wealth, hoping to establish their religious and economic dominance in a new territory. While European colonies trespassed the American region, native Indians people found themselves in a desperate situation, such as Indian demographic crisis, meaning the total property expropriation and annihilation of their national values and a nation itself. As two civilizations met, they faced a prominent difference that had to be eradicated to make a complex configured empire. Religion As for Indian civilization, such a phenomenon as animism was common for them. Animism implied the sacred spirit lived in living and inanimate creatures, such as animals, plants, water, etc. Indians favored them by conducting religious ceremonies g
Information technology has continued to advance over the years, these advances have continuously been improved due to the increase in international business activities. Multinational business activities can only be made easier if there is frequent and prompt communication. It has become easier to monitor international business trends through this technology. This modern technology has reduced inefficiencies that were brought about by human error and instead software’s have been programmed to accurately perform the required tasks. Even though these technologies are expensive to invent and maintain, they are economical in terms of production output. In recent developments a communication technology; voice over IP, abbreviated as VoIP, has been introduced to the business world, this technology has continued to excite its users because of its numerous advantages. According to (Williams, 2009 pp33-34) “Voice over IP provides a single network through which consumers can perform various tasks like making calls, sending emails and passing any other computer data. This simplifies the work which would have otherwise involved the use of many devices and consequently eliminates implementation cost. This device is also more adaptable compared to other communication systems which have a specialized geographical coverage. It is being picked up by more telecommunication companies who are adapting it and spreading its use even to the poorly networked regions”. (Weber, 1998) argues that, through voice over IP technology, data can be shared over several devices even without the use of a standard phone or a computer. With the increased international coverage of the broadband network, international calls are being made possible through the internet by VoIP phones. These will in turn slash down on the amount normally used to make these calls. It has been deduced that voice over IP will provide more multimedia experience which will be able to be transferred between computers and phones. Compared to a phone line which can only accommodate two comm
Margaret Wente, in her article, ‘Belinda as an oppressed minority?’, traces the flopped political career graph of Ms Belinda Stronach. Through responding to a woman’s denouncement on CBC of the shabby manner in which the news media treats women in politics, the author puts forth an argument that politics is a man’s game and after all Ms Belinda really is a misfit as a politician despite the money and fame she possesses. Instead of stating her opinion in a straightforward way, the writer uses sarcasm wrapped in humour to make her point. Once the readers finish the article they get an impression that just money, fame or glamour are not enough for a person to accomplish success in a political career; instead, it takes the grit of experience and hard work to be effective in public service. It stands to the credit of the writer that she pulls the readers to her story and makes them listen to it, and she does this with a certain degree of panache through a narrative that flows well but almost borders on risqué. Margaret employs sarcasm to effectively argue her point that Belinda cannot be seen as a member of the oppressed minority when she writes, “I confess that the idea of Belinda as an oppressed minority was an eye-opener to me.” (Wente, 2007). The lines that follow further accentuate the irony in terming Belinda as such. The tone the author uses also compliments the narrative style which is specked with liberal doses of humour. Rather than using a rigid formal style, the author employs conversational language using contractions and slang to create an impact of mockery. Her musing, “But what do I know?” (Wente, 2007), leaves the readers with a smile on their faces, relishing the paradoxical interrogation. Margaret further argues that people “like to see that their elected representatives get just a teensy bit of political experience before they gun for the top job.” (Wente, 2007). This is a relevant criticism against Ms Belinda as people are aware that her only qualifications were her father’s money and power and these are the only elements that promoted her. Even she doesn’t herself seem to be much convinced about her political career as evident from the writer’s observation that “she privately confessed that flying around, visiting cities is not her vision of a good life. The author gives more evidence to argue that Bilenda’s father’s money rather than her own ability is the driving force behind her elevation into various offices, by citing the example when she was made the CEO of a company that her father controlled. Thus it becomes apparent Margaret supports her arguments with concrete evidence. Similarly, she also mocks overenthusiastic feminists when she states that “She (Belinda) surrounded herself with male advisers, who scripted her every word and stoked her high opinion of herself.” (Wente, 2007). As the final nail on the lid, the author states that Belinda cannot become a role model by suggesting that she is sans the qualities that could make her a role model and argues that Canadian politics won’