ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The United States of America is considered to be one of the most powerful countries in the entire world due to its financial stability and well equipped military forces. There were many controversial events among different countries within the past five years that could not be disregarded by American politicians who tried to help every state that remained under threat of a particular conflict. As the military forces of the USA played a major role in World War II and its outcomes, the country now has a special status that gives it the privilege of being the most dominant Commonwealth on the planet, which is constantly used by the Pentagon to influence serious foreign conflicts. Events Involving the USA It is a well-known fact that the President of the United States of America sent the country’s warships to the water areas that belong to North Korea in 2017. The leader of the USA decided to do this action to maintain preparedness for any possible battle in the Pacific Ocean (Etzioni, 2016). It would be proper to mention that Donald Trump was discouraged by his country’s potential opponent’s claims as to its capability to use ballistic rockets against the mightiest Commonwealth. Another event happened in Iraq, where the USA military forces were basing for approximately nine years since 2003. Although the war ended in 2011 officially, some American citizens stayed to control the situation in Iraq till 2012. Other soldiers and officers left the territory of the armed conflict immediately. US’s Rise as a World Super Power Policeman The following paragraph will present events that impacted the rise of the American “superpower.” It would be proper to mention that this status changed the country’s developments within the past several decades due to various implications of the help ensured to its partners all over the planet. The first essential aspect that led to the
Overview of Instructional Unit The following instructional unit is about workplace security awareness. This unit is the first of six units for mandated security awareness training under the United States Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Section 164.530. The curriculum for the course was selected to meet standards set forth by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under SP800-50, Building an Information Technology Security Awareness and Training Program (Wilson and Hash, 2003). By attending this training and completing assessments, students will be prepared to properly address security weaknesses, breaches, and threats within the workplace. This unit will be developed using the systematic design model outlined by Dick and Carey. Goal of Instruction The goal of the instruction is to reach mandated HIPAA compliance outlining the requirement of all employees with access to Protected Health Information to attend and successfully pass a security awareness training. Students will reach this goal by demonstrating competency of NIST SP800-50 standards for security awareness and response through obtaining a minimum score of 75% on a summative evaluation presented after each unit of instruction. Target Population Overview This unit of instruction is being developed for employees of an organization required to meet standards set forth under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. These employees will have reached a minimum level of learning comparable to a high school graduate in a traditional high school environment and will have the basic computer knowledge to consist of Operating System navigation, Word Processing Suite usage, and Internet usage. Even though the instruction is being developed for a specific company, it would readily be used by any company needing security awareness training with minor modifications assuming the students meet the minimum learning requirements. Materials Needed For Instructional Unit   * EC-Council, 2009. Cyber Safety (EC-Council Press Series: Security 5) Cengage Learning.   * Custom designed unit materials in Moodle Learning Management System.   * Computer with network access. Task Analysis Task 1.0: Develop a baseline understanding of common security risks   * 1.1: Determine the key elements of security including terminology and specific security needs.   * 1.2: Discuss key elements of information security   * 1.3: Describe the multiple layers of information and computer security.   * 1.4: Explain the benefits of computer security awareness.   * 1.5: Provide a basic computer security checklist.       + Performance Objective 1: Given a multiple-choice test, students will properly answer questions relating to security breaches and security terminology with 75% accuracy. Task 2.0: Learn about company security policies and procedures   * 2. 1: Review and sign company security policies and procedures.   * 2.2: Explain what denotes an incident.   * 2.3 : Review of incident reporting procedures.       + Performance Objective 2: Given a scenario, students w
Algeria is one of the countries that was engaged in war in order to gain its independence from France.It is important to take into account that other possible means of gaining freedom had been exploited but bore no fruits.These included, the diplomatic measures had been considered prior to this option. In his preview of the Algerian decolonization Milrud Barkaoui argued that the French government had promised to grant independence but had no definite plan that could be trusted.( connelly 2005:34) This implied that,it was a mere talk to try and could down the international pressure, that had mounted allover the world to end imperialism. The Algerians had been influenced by the political events in the U.S, especially after president Nixon took over power. Their patience had worn out but the French still maintained their troops in large numbers. Matthew Connelly, in his works of a diplomatic revolution; Algeria’s fight for independence and origins of post-cold war, clearly gave a preview of the events of the war. He outlined the importance of this colony to France.This included the fact that it was incorporated directly to French second republic in 1848.(2005:10) That led to the deployment of a large number of troops to check any form of resistance.The most important event however was, the testing of the atomic bombing on the hinterland. This argument however, did not underscore the importance of the presence of the settlers in Algeria. Their presence had a great impact on the colony than the French government could have imagined. The Algerians were not contended with the presence of the French settlers. They interpreted that the troops were being used to protect the settlers’ interests. It can still be argued that settler presence, curtailed the freedom of the original inhabitants. This created animosity amongst the Algerians. They seemed to be foreigners on their own land, through the limits created on their speech, movement, trade and land. It is also apparent that religion played an important role in igniting the Muslim community against the perceived enemy in all aspects of their daily life. Connelly, further gave the general myths surrounding the fight for independence. According to him FNL were French initials referring to the Algerian national liberation front to which the French regarded as criminals because of their fight against colonialism (2005:67). However to the Algerians’ they were regarded as heroes, who labored to victory. It is argued that the military tried in vain to counter insurgence through political goodwill but failed.They faced resistance from the settlers who were against them being treated as equals with the rest of the population.The troops on the other hand were not happy with the politicians plundering their economic gains. Matters worsened when the troops overthrew the colonial political regime and assumed al
Benito Mussolini was born on 29 July, 1883 in the town of Varnano dei Costa near the village of Predappio. He was an avid writer and after finishing schooling, he became the editor of the Milan socialist paper “Avanti”. He became so popular due to his writings mainly among the Italian socialists after he wrote against Germany’s World War 1. The Italian socialists never wanted their country to be involved in the war. He formed his paper in 1945, 11 Popolo d’Italia, and continued his promotion for war. After Italy’s joined other Allies to fight Germany, Benito Mussolini was enlisted in the army and achieved the rank of Corporal a similar rank to Adolf Hitler. In 1917, he was discharged due to wounds sustained as he was in a trench. Following his discharge from the rank, he went back to his earlier writings and developed new ideas that came to be known as fascism. After the war, Italy’s economy was adversely affected since there were strikes and protests everywhere. Benito Mussolini with other veterans formed the National Fascist Party on March 23, 1919, which grew popular among the Italian people. He adopted the Roman salute and the Blackshirt Militia, which Adolf Hitler later copied. Mussolini and other 35 fascists were elected to the Italian chamber of deputies. The Fascist party was against a general strike ordered by then the ruling party, the Leftist party. King Vittorio Emmanuelle 111 (1869-1947) phoned Benito Mussolini to go to Rome where they would hold talks to form a government. He assumed all the powers of the government offices and sent the strikers back home to their families and their jobs. He successfully stabilized the economy within a short period and was known as “11 Duce” (the leader). He became an Italian leader after his first international border crisis between Greece and Albania. France supported him and he resolved the issue successfully. Mussolini was a thirst for power. He had visions of a new roman empire and he could see the day when the Mediterranean Sea became their sea. The League of Nations blacklisted Italy which forced his relationship with Nazi Germany which had also been isolated. On realizing that the League of Nations could not stop him or Hitler from gaining new colonies, he invaded Albania. Germany and Italy cemented their alliance with the pact of steel on May 22, 1939. Italy could not advance in conquest due to poor leadership in the military and lack of fuel to power their force. Benito Mussolini was forced to step down by the Fascist grand council and the king (Richard, 1987). Benito Mussolini was
Abstract An organization’s image is a strong recruitment tool that a firm uses to positively influence potential applicants to develop interest in the jobs that arise within the organisation. Recruitment enables an organisation to select people with competent skill, experience, and knowledge from a pool of applicants to add value to the performance of the organisation. Studies suggest that organizations should learn to manage the perception potential job applicants develop towards an organisation to increase the quality of the pool of potential applicants for jobs that require highly skilled and competent employees. Image is important because it influences the perceptions of potential applicants that affect the recruitment process and the number of applicants interested in the jobs on offer. However, it is important to understand how an organisation’s image affects people’s perceptions about jobs on offer and the attractiveness to apply for Qatar Petroleum’s jobs. The results showed that the majority of potential applicants felt attracted when the image was positive and discouraged from applying for a job when they had the perceived the image to be negative. However, many potential applicants viewed Qatar Petroleum to be a good employer relative to other potential positions in the market place. Research Problem Organisations today want to attract highly talented and skilled manpower to take up the jobs that arise within the organisation. However, the problems of attracting the best people in the market to apply for the jobs that arise have not been fully investigated to determine how the image of the recruiting organisation influences potential applicants to apply for the jobs (Avery & McKay 2006). To bridge the gap in knowledge on the factors that influence prospective app
The book discusses specific aspects of the espionage and intelligence of history in the 20 th and early 21 st centuries (Soldatov, 2020). Notably, it focuses on the federal security service (FSB) and other agencies that have dealt with shifts during the cold war. The operations oppose the war on terrorism and political realities that would help change the condition. The book brings about passing interests to the agencies and publishing companies concerned with the quality of information made available on the internet and news media. A prevalent notion that is brought about in the book includes a well-sponsored computer hacking system that may concern the administration systems (Soldatov, 2020). Another significant aspect is the intentional skewing of the Russian citizen through manipulation and using wrong information. It is important to note that the book mirrors the aspects of misleading the public through giving wrong information that is the security agency systems. Some of the obscene sources mentioned in the book present abnormal perspectives related to world events. Such sources have proved to be significant to the librarians and researchers who focus on world events. The author of this work is a journalist who bases his work on national intelligence services. For some time, this individual has been working for various Moscow-based publications. Their current book seems like a compilation of materials from websites and their experience working as newspaper reporters. It is worth noting that this book discusses the Soviet KGB dissolution led by Gorbachev (Durant, 2017). It also focuses on the FSB’s subsequent history, including its successor agency under Yeltsin, Putin and Medvedev. While Putin was in office, the federal security service consolidated much of the lost responsibilities like the military counterintelligence, and overseas electronic intelligence absorbed many initially retired KGB chiefs like the agents on active reserve (Marten, 2019). Immediately after the economic crackdown and the war with Chechnya, KSB reformed its control. Conversely, a new era ensued where the agency targeted foreign organizations. The authors deemed the chapter “hunt for foreign spies” a top priority since Novaya harassed them. Blagov, Begler, & Pleshkova (2020) claim that Borogan and Soldatov pursue the KSB’s tactical methods while monitoring trade unions, dissident protestors, and youth groups. Further, they looked into developments and cultivation of the elite KSB officers in luxurious tastes introduced to the KGB heads. Additionally, Borogan and Soldatov were responsible for infiltrating sports conducted by the KSB (Allen & Peterson, 2020). Notably, they achieved this through checking into information that was in the counter intelligent agencies. The haunting ramifications of Putin’s reign included the ruthless long-running of Andropov Yuri, KGB chief. While Putin was still in power, FSB took over the Federal Agency of Government Communication (FAGC) roles since it was abolished. Remarkably, this made it acquire more strength that would help increase security in the
Due to the partying culture in colleges, drinking is typical behavior among their students. Over 80% of college students partake in drinking alcohol, while 50% of them consume it excessively on several occasions (Galbicsek par. 1). To fit into the crowd, people who joined the college as nondrinkers, change their minds, thus, adding to the already considerable number of drinkers in colleges. The culture of alcohol abuse has also become a social norm in colleges, with teetotalers often being discriminated against by other students and, eventually, caving into peer pressure. The diversity among students reduces the effect of cultural beliefs, therefore, they have to discard their lifestyles to fit into the college habits. The phenomenon is observable in Tennessee, which was initially known as a dry state due to the stringent alcohol laws (“Tennessee Alcohol Laws”). However, state policymakers have introduced a new initiative, which allows the sale of alcohol in colleges and during local events, thus, encouraging more reserved students to drink (“Laws and policies regarding alcohol”). The drinking age of 21 is relatively high compared to the average age of 18 in most countries globally. Although the current drinking age is meant to discourage alcohol consumption, it only encourages teenagers who have been patiently waiting to become adults. Lowering the age limit will allow the students to try out alcohol earlier and will reduce the popularity of drinking in college. The approach will give students the chance to make their own decisions as to why or why not they want to drink alcohol. However, the major disadvantage of lowering the drinking age is the low self-control among young drinkers, therefore, more students are likely to fall into addiction.
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a protected area located in North Eastern Alaska, North of Fairbanks, which was established under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980. It borders Beaufort Sea to the North, Prudhoe Bay to the West and Brooks Range to the south. It is roughly 20 million acres or 78000 square kilometres big. Eight percent of the roughly 20 million acres is 1002 area: an unexplored, onshore area with commercially viable oil deposits (United States Department of Energy). Currently, onshore drilling can only take place with congressional authorization due to a raging controversy between proponents, who claim that the oil will ease United States dependence on foreign oil, create jobs and expand of business opportunities; and opponents who argue that drilling will lead to irreversible damage to a delicate ecosystem that supports unique biodiversity. Though economic benefits of such drilling are obvious, they do not outweigh the need to preserve the pristine nature of the area o the benefit of thousands of animal and plant species that depend on it. To begin with, the refuge should be preserved since it supports a rich due to its undisturbed status. The Alaska National Interest Land Conservation Act recognizes the need for protection of resources such as fish, birds and caribou since they rely on the refuge for spawning, nesting and calving respectively. Lagoons, barrier islands, river deltas and coastal tundra host migratory birds such as swans and geese. During summer, caribous inhabit coastal lands to escape from numerous flies, feed on shrubs and most importantly, give birth before winter sets in. Others animals include, musk oxen, moose, grizzly bears and arctic squirrels. Further South, wolves, lynxes, grizzly bears flourish. The act also identifies the delicate interdependence among these species as a vital element of their survival. Consequences of accidental spills would be unimaginable and disastrous to the fragile ecosystem if the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill and 2010 Deepwater Horizon disasters are anything to go by: food chains are interrupted and species take long to recover. In addition, construction of oil platforms, pipelines and necessary infrastructure will damage the area irreversibly. Even if proponents of drilling might argue that it is possible to minimize such impact using new technologies, possibility of structures such as pipelines, roads and airports constricting land and disrupting migratory patterns for caribous cannot be ruled out. The Trans Alaska Pipeline System continues to face allegations of blocking migratory caribou herds not to mention the disruption of dens and lairs for numerous animals that happened during its construction. Tied to this issue is the plight of native Alaskan people who depend directly on caribous for their meat and hides. Perhaps proponents of drilling oil in the refuge on the basis of its ability to reduce United States’ reliance on foreign oil should consider assessment by the United States Department of Energy to the effect that the oil is not expected to have a large impact on world crude oil prices and US economy. A report by US Energy Inf
Dialogue refers to conversation between characters. Dialogue is a style in literature that enriches and makes the work interesting because it makes it possible for to get first hand information. In P.J. Gibson’s play, long time since Yesterday , she richly used dialogue. The dialogue was initially between two young girls, Laveer and Janeen and later on at the funeral of the latter by the campus friends. An analysis of dialogue in this play is significant in character development of the protagonist and other characters and bringing out of main themes of love, depression and suicide. At the beginning of the play, scene 1 dialogue was between young Laveer and young Janeen. Laveer was more creative from a young age. She wanted to sing another song which she believed was better than what they were both singing. She started singing a song, “Put your foot on the rock. Swooooo ah swooooo ah…and let the boys fill your….Swooooo ah…Don’t be afraid… Cause momma did the same” (Gibson 5-6). This was significant in that it created suspense in the story. As a reader, one is eager to know what they became. From the excerp, we are not surprised when we find that Janeen got married to one man, while Laveer got several affairs and never settled for any marriage even in her late thirties. Dialogue between Laveer and Janeen helped in development of the main characters, Laveer and Janeen. Laveer was very informed at her age of eleven and knew a lot about sex while Janeen was reserved and feared to talk about it. From their conversation we learnt that Janeen’s parents were very strict and she would probably be punished if she was found reading a romantic book. After Laveer insist
Many women living in developed countries with great opportunities do not seek to have children. However, in developing countries, the situation is quite the opposite, women give birth, and families very often have more than one child. Thus, although women from developed countries tend to start a family, they are not as likely to have children as women from developing countries. Question In Africa, the birth rate is at a fairly high level, and now it has become a rather acute problem. It is likely that the pregnancy there is unwanted or unintentional. None of the major international fertility databases contains a systematic worldwide collection of data on fertility preferences (Stone). Since developing countries are often countries with a low standard of living, there is a problem of reducing the birth rate. Solution To sum up, in developing countries, where access to and information about contraceptives is limited, women have children and, as is often the case, more than one. In order to prevent a high birth rate, it is necessary to conduct educational work, for example, by volunteers. Moreover, to give access to contraception, and as far as possible to make them free or very cheap. Furthermore, the heads of developing countries need to think through a policy of reducing the birth rate. Work Cited Stone, Lyman. “The Global Fertility Rate.” IFS. 2019. Web.