ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In history, there have been many leaders who have had a significant impact on the lives of their followers. These leaders have left a good legacy, which lives on many years after their death. These great historic leaders are drawn from different spheres of life such as political and religious, among other spheres. Among the different world religions that exist, there are key people that are recognized as founders of these religions. Among the Christians, Jesus Christ is recognized as the founder of the Christian faith. Many scholars and other individuals have criticized His teachings, while others have commended them and sought to live by them. This means that their lives have been shaped by the teachings of Jesus. Since there are different views on what people think of Jesus, this essay shall focus on Jesus as the son of God and the savior of mankind. Before undertaking this course, I believed that Jesus is the son of God and the savior of mankind, a belief that was further validated while I undertook this course. Ways in which note-worthy religious leaders have understood Jesus from their unique cultural and historical contexts Note-worthy religious leaders have had their in put in the controversial debate that has been going on for ages, about what people think concerning Jesus Christ. Some have advanced their propositions in support of the view that Jesus is the son of God and the savior of mankind, while others have refuted this claim. One of the note-worthy religious leader, who was a believer in Jesus as the son of God is Martin Luther King, Jr. the religious beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X and how they shaped their future lives are documented by Cone, in his book, Martin & Malcom & America: A Dream or A Nightmare. Luther is presented as a Christian, whose religious background has changed his thinking and the ideologies he advances in life. Cone (15) notes that Jesus’ teachings about loving ones enemies and praying for them was one of the fundamental beliefs held by Luther. This is because, Luther sought to liberate his fellow African Americans from oppression by their white masters, but he sought to do so not violently but through loving them. The ‘American dream’ that Luther came up with, gave the blacks hope that one day, they would be liberated from all manner of oppression, just like the Hebrews in the Bible. Luther emphasized that the only way that one could win over the affection of their enemies is through loving them. It was easy for Luther to encourage his fellow black Americans that God was going to deliver them from the oppression by the whites because of his strong faith in Jesus Christ. He appealed to them to put their faith in Jesus Christ and He would end their misery. Luther therefore sought to live by the example of Jesus Christ, who showed love to His enemies at a time when He could have so e
Indian children studying in the white schools have faced key quandaries and challenges elicited from their original education in their native society and a negative perception towards the new system of education, which is inherently dichotomous from theirs. They have an interesting, complicated and peculiar history coupled with victories, differences, adversities, cultural clashes and imminent juxtaposition of realities displayed by the European mainstream. Adjustment and adaptation as an extremely important process have become part of the Indian children studying in this entirely dichotomous mainstream. Grades, state tests and overall performance evaluation clearly depict that Indian children perform relatively below average. This is most probably due to institutional racism. The Indian children who join white schools experience a profound shock due to the entirely different system of education they face where the students are entirely dependent on their own effort rather than dependence upon the teachers in class. The white system of education introduces a setting where students have to do their own reading throughout their entire studies. Oppositely, the Indian students were used to being totally dependent upon their teachers to do almost everything on their behalf. Thus, the difference in dependability on the teacher brings about confusion on the side of the native Indian children. The white system of education encompasses a class situation where the teacher completely and freely interacts with the students and discusses freely on how to behave and mapping the way forward to independence. This depicts a situation where the students are not afraid of the teachers; thus, occasionally ask questions to seek for clarification on unclear statements. However, the native Indian students who are introduced to the new education system find a key challenge connected to the relationship with the teacher or tutor. The Indian traditional education system depict a completely professional and respectful teacher-student relationship complex where the students respect fear the teachers, as expected by society. This makes the Indian children lag behind in learning processes due to fear. Native Indian children entering into the white type of educational system also face a major problem in language competence and ability to communicate effectively in the new environment. Obviously, they are not well acquainted with the new language and thus cannot easily communicate fluently as compared to their counterparts who are adeptly capable of fluently communicating and speaking. The traditional kind of education in the Indian communities may not include English lessons, which can elicit a key obstacle in communication to the Indian children who go to study in white institutions, where English is the basic language of communication and cannot be exempted. Due the fact that the entire education systems are completely different starting from the institutional complex to individual perception, Indian children face a lot of challenges that detriment
Abstract The term data model refers to a construction methodology for a given database. There are two primary methods that can be used to come up with such a model, these are, Object model and Entity Relationship (Greiner et al, 2001). The objective of the data model is to ensure that the presentation of all the information needed by the database is complete and accurate. Ontology is the main focus and this report attempts to strike a comparison between the ontology models and the object oriented models with an aim of showing the areas in which ontology modeling is more superior. It should also be noted that there are some sort of similarities between the objects as seen in the object models and concepts/classes that are found in the ontology models (Gruber, 1993). Ontology may also assist in construction of a given object model. In essence object modeling is the key part of general data modeling, while ontology carries the concept that constitutes the foundation of its knowledge. Due to the close linkages between ontology and the recently developed object-oriented models, it is advisable to adopt strategies that would have the current object-oriented software design approaches integrated with the ongoing ontology development. Background This is the organized representation of the information that the database requires including the information objects, the linkages in between the information objects and the guidelines that are used in the running of the relevant objects’ operations (Gruber, 1993). The data models provide the link between the ideas that constitutes the practical real world activities and the actual representation of those ideas in a database. The designing of the database normally takes five simple step; Planning, concept development, logical designing, physical designing and finally the implementation of the completed database content. Data model gets its input data from the first database design stage of planning. At this stage the software experts gets the data concerning the database through reviews of the available documents and direct feedback from the end-users. The only output from a data model is a representation of information structures that are referred to as object model, this is preferably in a picture form picture the picture can pass the message more easily than the other forms like the written form. The next step is to model and analyze the objects by use of object diagrams (Gruber, 1993). These object diagrams can undergo some review by the end users and the software experts to ensure that they are complete, accurate and validate their respective attributes. For example, given this information; Teacher teaches in a number of subjects that are allocated by the school. As to whether “teacher” should be an object or an attribute in the model will depend on the purpose into which the database
Introduction The eighteenth century in the USA’s history was marked by critical political events that started with the Constitution’s adoption. The colonized territories obtained their independence, which set the benchmark for the future political processes, as well as the tensions related to economic interests, slavery issues, and governance opportunities. This essay will explore the process of establishing a party system in the USA’s political life in the eighteenth-nineteenth century, the democratization of politics, and the causes of the American Civil War. The Reasons for the Rise of Partisan Politics in the Early Republic The main reason for the rise of the first parties in the Early Republic was the establishment of the central government by the declaration of the Constitution in 1787. The first parties were the Democratic-Republican and the Federalist parties that emerged as the distinctive expressions of political views of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, respectively (Norton et al., 2008). The differences in the views on the Constitution, the approaches to the elimination of economic crises, and other issues were the main concerns in the party development in the Early Republic. The Development of the Second Party System Comparison of Whig and Democratic Parties The Second Party System was the process of the formation of the two main parties, Whig and Democratic, during the beginning of the nineteenth century. The main similarity between these two parties was their shared struggle with the dichotomy of the slavery issue (Norton et al., 2008). As for the differences, Whigs supported “corporate charters, a national bank, and paper currency,” but Democrats opposed their views (Norton et al., 2008, p. 325). Also, the Whigs supported the power of Congress, and Democrats proclaimed the power of the people. Leaders and Constituents of the Parties The leader of the Democratic Party was Andrew Jackson, who, together with his supporters, initiated a movement to increased democracy in the political life of the Republic. Martin Van Buren was one of the most influential constituents of the Democratic Party (Norton et al., 2008). The opponents’ movement within the newly formed Whig Party was led by Henry Clay, who integrated the Republican Party with other political parties to form a strong Congress-oriented opposition to Jackson’s party. Increased Democratization The Second Party System period is regarded as the contribution to the increased democratization of the politics in the Republic. This tendency might be explained by the relatively equal representation of the two parties within diffe
Introduction In the course of conducting research, several factors have to be put into consideration to ensure that the study attains a desired outcome. These factors include the research questions, sample groups, and sample sizes, methods, procedures, data analysis and most importantly are the research variables (Cresswell, 1998). Research variables are important quantities in the course of a research study. Through their manipulation, a researcher can study and observe changes that will assist him in drawing up the conclusions about the phenomenon that was under investigation. In practice, there are two types of research variables; dependent variables and independent variables. Independent variables are those quantities that are present at the beginning of the study while dependent variables are those quantities that are created through the manipulation of independent variables in the course of the study (Cresswell, 1998). An independent variable is therefore hypothesized by the researcher and as a result, it influences the dependent variable. The changes that occur in the dependent variables, as a result of the manipulation of independent variables are measured by the researcher and are used to determine the outcome of the study. The main aim of this report, therefore, is to critically analyze the relationship between independent and dependant variables and the effects they have in the manipulation of research questions, hypothesis, and theory. To achieve this goal, two different constructs will be used; each as an independent variable in one study and a dependent variable in the other. The outcome that will be obtained will be used as evidence to show the relationship between these two variables and their impacts on research. For this particular paper, the following constructs will be used: Job satisfaction Brand name Job Satisfaction as an Independent Variable Job satisfaction is a term that is used to describe the content in which an individual is with his/her work (Feinstein, 2008). From the studies that have been conducted, it has been identified that the happier an individual is with his/her work, the more satisfied he/she is with his/her job. About this fact, several factors may affect the level of job satisfaction in an individual. On the other hand, job satisfaction can also affect several other variables within the working environment. As a result, job satisfaction can be either an independent variable in a research study or a dependent variable. A study conducted by Andrew Feinstein in the year 2008 will be used to investigate the effects of job satisfaction as an independent var
Abstract Effective leadership and strategic organization management have become major factors that determine the overall productivity and profitability levels that a company can achieve. Studies reveal that the ability of an organization to balance between its internal procedures such as decision making, leadership and communication with external demands of value for consumers and competitors in the dynamic market is the key to success. This notion is therefore built on change demands which are articulated at different levels of organization management. This has been the case at Toyota Company and Google Inc. because they have assimilated particularistic strategic mechanisms that have made their leadership admirable as well as effective management style. A brief background of Toyota and Google Companies Toyota Company Toyota Motor Company is a multinational company that was founded in1936 (Liker and Hoseus, 2007). The company immediately embraced the concept of effectiveness and assimilated important change mechanisms to keep abreast with the trends that were in the dynamic automobile business. By 1980, the company had instituted major operations considerations that made it to be awarded the first Japanese Quality Control Award (Hopkins, 2009). The beginning of the 21 st century saw the company assimilating highly modernistic models of manufacturing its automobiles thereby colonizing the US market with ease (Liker & Hoseus, 2007). Today, the company has captured over 15% of US market share with over 2.5 million of its products sold annually (Janicijevic, 2010). Globally, the company has been able to provide jobs to about 350, 000 people and make sales of over $ 264,758.9 million (Liker & Hoseus, 2007). Google Inc. Google Inc. is one of the leading American multinational corporations that was founded in 1996 (Waters, 2007). Its major area of specialization has been to provide internet related products and services. Over the years, the company has advanced to become an important pillar for individuals and corporate institutions for its effectiveness in fostering communication and information acquisition. Ahenkora and Peasah’s (2011) reference to Google as a strong leader in information technology and communication is therefore correct as Google has become an empowerment point first, to its workers and most importantly to consumers. Operating environment of the companies Legal environment Current effective leadership and management calls for careful coordination between internal and external demand
Introduction Semiotics has not been broadly considered as a discipline in the academic field. However, it exists as a department in assorted universities. Semiotics is actually a field study which encompasses varied theoretical standpoints (Chandler, p. 4). The term semiotics is the philosophical uses of signs symbols. It is a way of screening any phenomenon with regards to its construction and how it functions in away similar to language. It involves the use of sign systems. The use of semiotic approach is due to the fact that all cultural phenomena exhibit some meaning (Hall, p. 36). Analysis of Advertisement by Living Sea Aquarium (year 2010) The video advert is of an aquarium dabbed “Living Sea Aquarium”. The advert starts by an introduction; the character used in doing the advert introduces himself as Mike and he goes further to explain the different kinds of fish that the “Living Sea Aquarium” specializes in. The importance of the introduction is to familiarize the viewer with the person doing the advert. This seems to be intended to make the viewer to trust the person explaining the products of the company since, after introduction, the viewers are now familiar with the human figure in the advert. The aquarium looks more like a true sea. The sea has a variety of fish in it; this is mirrored by the aquarium which actually looks like a small sea. The way the fish move in the aquarium, the structure of the aquarium and the presence of stones and stones within the aquarium give the notion of a real sea. It is important to note that this notion reinforced by fact that there are certain species of fish found only in the sea or ocean; this makes it easy to identify the aquarium as a “sea” or “ocean” rather than a lake. Such fish that are only associated with a sea or an ocean are the angel fish, coral reefs, and shoe-fish. The perception of the aquarium by the audience is facilitated by the name of the aquarium (The Living Sea). The name is very appropriate for the aquarium in the sense that it makes the aquarium to be a microcosm of a sea; though the advert only emphasizes on the natural side of the sea; it has succeeded in creating the picture of a sea within a small area in the movie. The narrator represents the Living Sea Aquarium; he starts by introducing himself while at the background, right behind him, the images of the aquarium are vividly displayed. This gives the viewer or the audience a chance to quickly comprehend the advert. Moreover, before the rest of the advert is shown, the narrator gives a brief introduction of what the aquarium deals in; this raises the curiosity of the viewer and therefore, this s
The Fukushima nuclear disaster that occurred in March, 2011in Japan as the result of the earthquake and tsunami led to a number of the serious problems and energy disruption. The 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami hit the country, becoming the worst catastrophe since the World War II. The public reaction on this event was expectedly sharp. While many people suppose that Fukushima could become the second Chernobyl, the scientists say about the existence of possible instruments that could prevent such situations. Today, the scientific researches provide the various technical instruments that could help preventing such disasters. Ness says about an inadequate security in the nuclear sector. As the U.S. National Academy of Engineering indicates the electrification as the most valuable achievement of the XX century, the lack of security services in this area is a very dangerous issue (Ness, 2006, p. 1). The most common instruments of the earthquakes prediction are seismographs that help scientists to see the smallest oscillations, measuring the frequency and amplitude of the waves. Certain kind of weather can be considered as a precondition for earthquake such as flashing lights and fireballs. However, many geologists say about the impossibility of the correlation between weather and earthquake. Modern technologies such as a high precision GPS, laser scanning machines and synthetic aperture radar can measure the oscillations in the ground. The industrial control system provides the computer monitoring of infrastructure. It is a part of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). This system tracks the various facilities such as Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) that help measuring the various conditions and parameters, using the several types of sensors. SCADA is a significant part of the security system. The nuclear power protection is a complicated issue that requires the establishment of the modern infrastructure such as the nuclear regulatory body (“Basic Infrastructure for a Nuclear Power Project”, 2006). It is highly important to provide an adequate supply of the cooling water to the reactor core in order to remove the heat. In case of Fukushima this technical characteristic was far from the level required. Although the disaster that occurred in Japan is based on the natural catastrophe and could not be prevented as well as the disaster based on the human carelessness or lack of modern technologies, the instruments of prevention should be developed more carefully. The consequences of this disaster led to the spreading of radiation around the world, including the United States, Canada, Russia and Europe. The large cloud of the radioactive elements spread under the Pacific Ocean. The public reaction to the situation demon
The advent of the 21 st century has seen a tremendous rise in the reliance of human beings on technology for everything from communicating with each other within 140 characters or less, all the way to complex surgical procedures in hospitals done by robotic arms. Students now rely mostly on the internet for instant access to information instead of poring over books and finding the answers to homework and research assignments in a way that enhances the brain activity in order to increase the intelligence quotient in a person. We have become a nation of automation reliant people and in the process allowed technology to dumb down the population of this once highly intellectual country. Which is why those who fear the demise of our civilization as a people, are oftentimes heard worriedly asking, “ Why has American culture allowed technology to make people less intelligent?”. Wasn’t technology first envisioned as the tool by which access to information and other important data would be shared equally amongst the people, thus creating a much more evolved and highly intelligent race of learned people? Why was technology allowed to replace human intelligence in most cases? Regardless of the ideas and reasons for what is happening, technology should not be allowed to replace human intelligence in the workplace, classroom, or anywhere else that the uniqueness of a human being is required. Indeed, we should never have allowed technology to replace human intelligence. It is not yet too late to reverse this growing trend. According to some experts like Kurzweil (as quoted by Shein & Jonsson, 2011): … we are moving toward Singularity, a radical theory in which technology will advance to a point where biological and artificial intelligence merge. Machines will become more like humans and humans will become more like machines. (Shein & Jonsson, 2011) This is a startling reality brought about by the fact that our society has become highly reliant on convenience and speed in everything that we do. Included in these act