ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This proposal is basically going to demonstrate the need for training and development in an organization. Training and development is a very important aspect of an organization because it helps in solving the problem of high employee turnover. This proposal will look into details ways that will be used by the organization to solve the problem of employee turnover. The proposed ways include: training and professional development, knowledge transfer, recognition and rewards, recruitment and orientation, employee participation and communication, innovative compensation systems, job design and work teams, and work life balance. Executive Summary The increasing turnover has caused a large amount of lost time and energy. The escalated need for training and developing presents a challenge for employees to be comfortable in their job role. Employees are faced with the difficult task of finding quality students to help the company grow, and our organization seeks to decrease the stress of having to achieve their quota of students for the month. A Brief History According to Ongori (2007 p.87), employee turnover is commonly used in various business units. Employers use a lot of money on employees’ training and development. Therefore, they have to make sure that employees’ turnover rates are minimized. Employee turnover is referred to as the number of employees who leave a company after a given period of time due to high levels of dissatisfactions of various kinds in their workplace (Firth et al. 2007, p. 170) The major purpose of this proposal is to provide a solution to the problem of employee turnover facing the organization. This problem will be solved through the development and training of employees. Controlling the problem of employee turnover will be associated with several benefits. For instance, it can improve the working morale of the employees. The manager assessed the rate of employee turnover and found out that development and training of the employees on work-related skills will help them solve the problem. For any business organization to run smoothly there is a need for departmentalization. This means that the activities of the organization must be coordinated by organizing it into departments. All the departments of the organization must coordinate through communication. This research proposal mainly deals with the training of employees to help solve the problem of employee turnover. Through the manager who is the overall boss of the organization, employee stress can be reduced drastically and thus come up with a solution to the problem in the organization. For this case, the manager will also be trained in good managerial aspects. Kaplan University will offer an employer-sponsored training on-site to all the employees in the company in order to improve on their productivity at the workplace (Rehman et al. 2011, p. 89) The training will begin by
Introduction For the past two decades or so, the world has experienced rapid expansion of the economy. Economists attribute this growth to the progressive increase in international trade. The rise in international trade has been a result of technological advancement in the world and the conjunct efforts to reduce the existent trade barriers. Although some of the developing countries have changed their trade policies and opened their economies to benefit from the opportunities of international trade, majority of the countries have not. While the United States and the European Union continue to deliberate on liberalization of the international trade, notably their domestic markets remain closed to both labour intensive manufactures and agricultural products such as textiles. Poor countries have comparative benefit in these products. In addition, trade barrier’s removal by the developed and industrial economies would enable the developing countries to grow and prosper to the level of first world nation status. Arguments for Trade liberalization encourages local firms and industries to export their products. By reducing the cost on exports in the developing countries, most of the companies in these countries will be able to export their products to the international market. Again, by opening their market for products from poor countries, industrialized countries would encourage more industries and firms to venture into their market. Most of the developing countries produce agricultural and labour intensive products such as textiles. Since the developed countries have closed their markets for these products, the industries in the developing countries cannot export (Maclean, 2006, p.234). Export provides industries with more market for their products. More market further provides the industries with opportunities to grow. As a result, more industries in the production of these products would rise. This in turn would result into industrialization of the developing countries. Economists impute development in the first world countries to the industrialization and true to these ascriptions, industrialization results into growth in infrastructure and increase in production. Growth in infrastructure enhances the chain of distribution such as transport, distribution and sales. Consequently, more industries would grow and expand. Since the removal of barriers to trade promotes export, the poorest countries would therefore upgrade to the level of the developed economies. Removal of trade barriers enhances competitiveness among t
It might be confusing for a family nurse practitioner (FNP) to establish what specialization to pursue. There are three distinct accreditations for midwives in the United States: a certified professional midwife (CPM), a certified nurse-midwife (CNM), and a certified midwife (CM). Many aspiring midwives lack the necessary knowledge about certification and the scope of practice for each profession (Jefferson et al., 2019). The extensiveness of training, expertise and auxiliary activities expected from a midwife differs from one certificate to another. It is necessary to recognize the scope of practice of each type of midwife. For example, a certified nurse-midwife has the most extensive training, which requires a nursing degree, clinical training, and specialized education as proven by a certificate from the American Midwifery Certification Board (Fotsch, 2017). Overall, the number of CNMs in many states is low, while the demand is high (Ranchoff & Declercq, 2019). If I were to choose this option, I would be able to easily find job opportunities and help people at the maximum capacity. A certified midwife is a person who went through the same midwifery training program as CNM yet possesses a bachelor’s degree that is not nursing (Fotsch, 2017). Moreover, this certificate is only valid in some states for prescription purposes (Fotsch, 2017). I will be able to work as a CM in all settings to provide care limited to midwifery only. In turn, a certified professional midwife has a more limited set of responsibilities. It does not require an academic degree, and a CPM is trained via apprenticeship or formal education programs (Fotsch, 2017). Due to these limitations, this option would be more complimentary for my practice rather than become a primary specialization. This model with three different types of accredited midwives can be confusing for FNPs who wish to become midwives, although The American College of Nurse-Midwives provides a description and prerequisites for each role. It stresses the importance of a completed midwifery education program in an accredited institution (American College of Nurse-Midwives, 2017). Educational courses for FNPs may help with the current situation stemming from different midwifery certificates.
One factor determining the quality of research is the researchers’ understanding, mastery, and use of scientific terminology. Incorrect use of the terms clinical significance and statistical significance often leads to an incorrect way of assessing the results. International studies use the concept of clinical significance to indicate the practical significance of a treatment effect. Clinical significance refers to differences in effect sizes that clinical experts consider to determine clinical decisions, regardless of their level of statistical significance (Todd et al., 1996). A clinically relevant finding is a characterization of patient outcomes. For example, in assessing clinical significance, attention is paid to the proportion of patients whose condition has improved and the individual-oriented indicators, but not the p-value. Statistical significance refers to statistical methods that estimate the probability of an observed or higher degree of association between independent and dependent variables when the null hypothesis is true (Ma, 2000). Statistical significance does not imply the importance or practical value of the findings (Brahman, 1991). A statistically significant finding has little to do with the practice of medicine and no relevance to treatment. If only statistical significance is considered, researchers may report findings that are of little value in practice (Sandelowski & Leeman, 2012). Therefore, the effect size and p-value should always be reported. The effect size indicator facilitates decision-making about the practical relevance and application of the effect (Rutledge & Loh, 2004). Different variations in the statistical and clinical significance of the results are established in biomedical research, requiring different evaluations and actions. When analyzing options, it should be remembered that a clinically significant finding has implications for patient care that may not always be statistically significant.
Quality Assurance Quality assurance is very vital for designing and developing valuable software. Quality assurance is important as it ensures the organization identifies its real needs and provides justification for having a quality solution that can enable the organization to achieve its business software management requirements. To have a better functioning and up-to-date software solution, quality has to be embraced in its development. This ensures that it will perform to its best and for the organization to get sound results out of it. Several quality standards to facilitate this are of paramount importance. Reliability of the software is one key concern; the software should be able to perform the tasks that have been formulated in the feasibility study and analysis stage (Nee, 1996, p. 12). The software should be understandable and clear to the user. The language employed in developing and its design should be simple and easy to understand. Proper detailed documentation should be provided to enable both the users and the management to fully understand what is needed in the program (Nee, 1996, p. 58). The program should be complete i.e. all codes input and parameters used to design it should be included and made available. The program should be portable and also it should be able to run on multiple hardware and operating systems with different configurations. Maintainability of the program is also of vital importance (Nee, 1996, p. 55). Moreover, the program should be able to accommodate future updates and current changes. A good program utilizes the system memory, hard disk space and other resources for efficiency (Nee, 1996, p. 57). Cost Considerations Costs in developing a new system when not budgeted for correctly can result in the process not going on well as planned. To facilitate the smooth take-off of the project and to keep the costs at minimum checks have to be instituted to prevent recurring expenses during system development and hence realize quality work (Lancrin, 2007, p. 12). There should be clear and well-documented requirements. With clear functions defined there is less vulnerability of the system being delivered which does not meet the user’s expectations this will prevent a situation whereby the system has to be reworked upon (Lancrin, 2007, p. 13). Testing of the system should start early during the design stage. This should be done with programmers who know how to test it effectively and with proper testing skills. Testing is done in conjunction with the designers of the system to ensure that the system fulfills its intended objectives. Software for Self Assure The Self Assure Company experiences costs on laser, Ink cartridges, paper and office stationery. This is a result of every aspect of a client’s policy and claims forms being printed. This has been costly in terms of purchasing the stationary and the ink cartridges. To enable Self Assure to bring down these costs, the a
Globally, the human history was not a great concern, especially to human population dynamics. This was as a result of a match between natural resources and human needs. However, around the XIX century, the untold millennia of human history was revealed due to socio-economic and environmental issues that begun to affect humanity both in positive and in negative ways. Global population in the XIX century was estimated to have reached the first billion. Scientist have calculated that the world population grows by one billion every twelve years (Does population growth impact climate change? , 2009). For example, the 20 th century population was estimated to be 1.6 billion people, but at the dawn of the new millennium the population was about 6.1 billion. This was a huge increase, especially in the light of the fact that the replenishment of natural resources consumed by the population takes ages, not to mention the fact that some resources, such as crude oil, are non-renewable. Crude oil and coal in the 18 th and 20 th century were the main sources of energy, especially as the industrial revolution erupted in Europe and Asia, particularly, in United Kingdom and China (Does population growth impact climate change? , 2009). There were major social and economic benefits from the industrial revolution, including the rise of living standards, yet it took little time for the emergence of adverse environmental issues, such as air and water pollution, which led to policies and legislations formation to regulate the issues on a national and global level. Climate Change: Anticipating Drastic Consequences Climate in both the northern and the southern hemisphere had been relatively stable up until the end of the 20 th century, when the issue of global warming emerged. Simultaneously, due to climate change over time, gradual cooling had been taking place up to the beginning of 20 th century. Afterwards, universal average surface temperature of air moved to about 0.6 degrees Celsius (Earth is ‘committed to 0.6ºC of unavoidable warming, n. d.). Due to this climatic variation, the frequency of air frost has decreased in many areas. As a result of these changes, sub-tropics and tropics vegetation has been drying. Greenhouse gas concentration has become the key factor facilitating global warming. The latter, in its turn, is as a result of long rays from the sun being trapped in the Earth atmosphere after the short rays are refracted after hitting the earth due carbon concentrations brought about by anthropogenic activities, such as mining and transportation activities. The negative effects of global warming have been experienced in many countries, including Japan. Developed countries have devoted a range of conferences to the issue; for instance, Agenda 21 was adapted at the United Nations conference on Environment and Development in 1992 in Rio de Jan
Introduction Marks and Spencer is one of the largest retail company UK. The company has branches across UK making it easy for their customers to access their products without traveling too far. They Keep focus on offering their valued customers with outstanding customer service and a wide range of quality products. Customers who walk in to buy products experienced a kind hospitality and personal attention as their products did. Coupled with “good communication skills, outgoing and friendly personality, common sense, the ability to work in a team, commercial awareness, energetic, resilient and adaptable,” the personnel at Marks and Spencer are trained to offer the best of shopping experience to their esteemed customers. In their operations, economic environment is important in as it affects the peoples’ purchasing power. Fluctuations within the economy influence services and products that are produced, and the Mark and Spencer industry is one of these. Issues that affect the company include interest rates, which lowers the value of investments, exchange rates, and economic growth, which has an effect on citizens’ welfare and their purchasing power. Such factors have an impact on the profits and revenues of the airline. The role of UK government To achieve price stability, full employment, and economic growth, governments use fiscal and monetary policies as tools to manipulate aggregate demand in an economy. During times of recession and sluggish economic growth, a government may follow the method of adjusting government spending and tax rates to stimulate economic growth and achieve full employment. These deficit-causing methods
Hiram Rhodes Revels was born on the 27 th of September 1822 in Fayetteville (North Carolina). He was born as a free child, meaning that his parents were not slaves. His father (a clergyman) was of the African descent while his mother was of the White descent; a Scottish to be precise. His early education was problematic given that during that time, it was illegal to educate Black children and this forced him to attend a school which was taught by a Black woman who was also free. During his early years, he mixed education with work, where he worked as a barber for some time (Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1901). After completing his education in 1844, Revels joined the Quaker Seminary as well as the Darke Seminary (for Blacks). After some training in the seminary, he was ordained as a pastor of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in Indiana in 1845 where he served till 1849 when he was elected as an elder during a conference of the church leaders. At this point in time, he got married to a free Black lady from Ohio called Phoebe Bass with whom they were later to be blessed with six daughters (Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1901). Between 1850 and 1853, Revels concentrated on evangelical work taking the gospel to various places including Tennessee, Kansas, Kentucky, Illinois and Indiana. He also served as a pastor of the AME in Missouri in 1853, where he preached the gospel to fellow Blacks (who were not free) and their masters as well. Despite his cautious approach (not to incite blacks) in his gospel, he earned himself an imprisonment in 1854 where he was accused of extending the privilege of gospel to the Blacks who were slaves. He was released in 1855. Upon his release from prison, he joined his brother Willis to spread the gospel in Baltimore, where he also became a principal of a school before joining the Knox College in Illinois from 1855 to 1857 courtesy of a scholarship by well-wishers. By this time, he had become very influential and popular especially among the Blacks (Thompson & Hiram, 1982). His popularity and influence made him act as a chaplain of Blacks in Vicksburg (Mississippi) in the 1861 civil war. Between 1863 and 1866, he continued with evangelical work taking the gospel to Kentucky, Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisville and Natchez. His political career began in 1868 when he was elected an elder man in Natchez. This was followed by his election (through the Republican party ) by the legislature in 1869 by a vote of 81 to 15 to fill the senate seat in Mississippi which had been left vacant following the withdrawal from the Senate by the then senator Albert Brown in 1861. He thus became the first Black senator to seat in the United States senate. However, his political career was not a result of his own initiative but rather he was encouraged by John Lynch to contest for the senator seat. His reluctance to join politics was also caused by the fear that once he joined politics, his religious career was to be compromised. He was a target of the Republican Party given that very few free Blacks had attained education by then and therefore, his election was
American Water is a rather large company providing services to a huge base of customers from several states in the USA and Canada. In that way, the amount of data handled by the company was also substantial. In order to process the collected data, measure performance, assess the work that was completed, and produce output, the company employees had to collect hard copies of data manually, put all the files together, and review the results. It is needless to say that this process was highly consuming of time and effort. As a result, the company’s leadership made a decision to implement change introducing new operations related to the management of data. Logically, information specialists were one of the major stakeholder groups that participated in the implementation of change. In addition, the management of data tended to produce a very powerful impact on the business end users. Consequently, these two parties played a very significant role in the processes of planning and introduction of change. Since the creation of the new database was a process that consisted of many tasks and aspects, the end users, as well as the information specialists had to define the objectives and goals of the change, outline the challenges and obstacles they faced, match the change to the mission and culture of the organization, and also make sure that the end result was satisfactory and fulfilled the requirements of the business and the stakeholders involved. Focused drive and systems thinking were some of the main competencies needed for the resolution of the problem with slow, effort-consuming, and complicated data management. Data security, storage, and transfer were the issues that needed the most attention. The decision was made to create a large storage of data – a common database that could be accessed by all the users in different branches. In order to establish and maintain this kind of database and be able to use it successfully, a systematized and standardized access and exploitation approaches had to be used by all the employees of the company. In turn, this type of change had a direct effect on the employees involved in the processes related to working with the company’s data. As a result, training and coaching programs had to be launched all over the American Water organization for the purpose of helping the workers embrace the change and prepare to perform their new functions and tasks. Overall, training programs turned out to be a substantial portion of the entire project. Moreover, systems specialists and business users were the ones who led, created, and maintained the programs by means of cooperating with the employees’ supervisors and coaches so that the appropriate skills were targeted during the educational sessions. All in all, it is possible to make a conclusion that the change introduced by American Water was a necessity because a large company providing services to millions of clients requires a cost-effective and efficient data storage and management system allowing the secure maintenance and fast access to a centralized database containing all the information nece