ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The rate of overweight and obesity preference among Australian children is alarming. The rates of childhood obesity in the country become one of the highest among the developed nations. We have also seen a large increase in the number of overweight and obese children in the country. The number of overweight and obese children has increased to 25% in 2002from 5% in the 1960. This phenomenon has been blamed on fast food by nutritionists due to their high level of calories, presence of trans fats, added sugar, lack of fibre and processed carbohydrates. One of the most blamed fast food marketer is McDonalds Australia for using advertising methods that cultivate emotional identification with their image. Societal marketing concept can be used to influence children to eat healthier diets in several ways. Societal marketing is a concept that McDonalds and other fast food manufacturers can use to promote healthy diets among children. This calls for societal welfare and ethical considerations in marketing strategies and practices. One way that MacDonald can implement healthier eating habits in children is by changing their branding of food products that target children to healthier components. These new brands should incorporate healthy food items such as carrots, milk and other food items with less sugar, fats and processed carbohydrates. This change of branding of foods and
Saudi Arabia is a large country that fights with corruption, tries to improve education to prepare efficient professionals and provides enough working places for them, promotes housing construction and development of the private sector. Positive tendencies in the economic sphere provide more and more opportunities for such changes but today the situation is rather adverse. The economy of this country depends on the oil industry, so a recent decline in oil prices turned out to be a great problem. To deal with it, businesses need to alter their organizational behavior successfully. Thus, the research will be focused on the changes made under the influence of a decline in oil prices. The selected topic is critical because Saudi Arabia is the main exporter of oil, which means that it is powerful enough to affect oil prices globally and alter the economic situation in the countries, it cooperates with. I will refer to the article written by Mathew (2015), as it emphasizes the way oil price affects exports and fiscal revenues and the Saudi Arabian economy it totals. Townsend’s (2015) work investigates the influences of oil prices on global oil markets and the country’s reluctance to implement the production-cutting strategy. Hodgson (2015) believes that businesses tend to pay more attention to non-oil sectors while the development of mergers and acquisitions is discussed in the review of the CXFS conference ( CXFS conference , 2015). To plan research, a research question is designed: What is the effects of the declined oil prices on organizational behavior in Saudi Arabia? Answering it presupposes finding the information that deals with:   * Development of Saudi Arabia before the decline in prices and after it;   * Causes of oil price decline;   * Issues faced by the country and their influences on the global economy;   * Challenges faced by businesses and attempts to overcome them (alterations in the organizational behavior);   * The future of the country. To address the topic selected for the research, low export and fiscal revenues, as well as shifts in economic and social priorities, should be discussed. Using the information received during the preliminary research, a thesis statement is developed based on the research question: because of the oil price decline, businesses in Saudi Arabia are forced to change their organizational behavior and look for new sources of revenue, to cut costs, make urgent and risky decisions related to the creation and operation of mergers and acquisitions. Qualitative research will be focused on the literature review. To make the paper decently organized and well-grounded, a preliminary literature review will be conducted. The paper will be based on primary and secondary sources that mainly include organizational reports, news articles, and textbooks. They will be selected taking into consideration the date of publishing and relevance to the topic. Received information will be thoroughly analyzed, and the conclusion will be made to sh
Introduction Child abuse involves recklessness, neglect, or any form of act perpetuated intentionally by an adult against the welfare or healthy wellbeing of a child. These may include sexual harassment, verbal or physical assault as well as denial of necessities such as food and shelter. It may also entail psychological aggression through verbal abuse that causes mental harm to a child. Physical aggression, such as beatings, burns, and sexual abuse, may equally cause serious damage to a child (Henschel, Bruin & Möhler, 2014). Problem statement Child abuse is a growing social menace owing to poor, weak, or ineffective policy formulation and implementation. While society abhors all forms of child abuse, most child protection units and departments are yet to implement the available pieces of legislation to the letter. The consequences of child abuse are equally gross both at the family and at national levels. Research question What are the main reasons for and effects of child abuse in contemporary society? Hypothesis Child abuse is caused by a lack of strict child protection policies and implementation measures in place. This laxity has led to numerous physical and psychological damages to the affected children. Literature Review According to Latzman and Latzman (2015), child abuse may be manifested in the use of excessive physical force when disciplining a child or an adolescent. Parents, foster parents, and guardians may be responsible for this act. The available pieces of literature are sometimes very controversial in terms of what constitutes violent acts against children. Each research study attempts to include actions that can be considered to abuse the basic rights of children. However, one major element that stands out in most pedagogical studies is policy formulation towards the rights of children. As much as parents and guardians are supposed to discipline children whenever they go wrong, there is no clear boundary between instilling discipline and abusing a child. Nonetheless, acts such as denying children food, clothing, and shelter are among major forms of child abuse. If child protection policy guidelines can be issued to parents, guardians, teachers, and caregivers, then it may be quite swift to implement child protection guidelines. Evidence of poor policymaking has been witnessed in the emergence of legislation that bans the use of corporal punishment in all of its forms. This policy has negatively affected the parent-child relationship. Examples of such prohibitive laws include the legislations enacted in Sweden (1979), Finland (1983), Norway (1987), and Austria (1989). In an empirical study by Putnam-Hornstein, Cleves, Licht, and Needell (2013), the researchers enumerate many negative effects of child abuse in modern society
Introduction Modern technologies have become a norm since they have permeated all aspects of human life, economy, and society. The use of innovation is making it possible for many people to achieve their goals much faster. Unfortunately, the proliferation of smartphones, handheld devices, computers, social media platforms, and the Internet might negatively affect more children. This paper describes the possible impacts of modern innovations on young individuals and offers evidence-based suggestions for changing the situation. Effects of Modern Technologies on Children The invention of modern technologies is an achievement that has emerged from continuous human research and development (R&D) and the global exchange of ideas. The original purpose of such developments was to transform people’s lives by empowering them to achieve their personal and professional goals much faster. These expectations explain why many educational institutions, parents, and childcare centers are relying on such technologies to meet the demands of more individuals and support those with learning disabilities (Dhende, 2019). However, the use of these resources has proved inappropriate or counterproductive for the greatest number of children. The first potential impact is that more young individuals who start to use different technologies and the Internet may develop brains that are wired to scan information without the need to process it completely or effectively. Such a problem is attributable to the fact that technology has the potential to expose users to high data volumes (Haughton et al., 2015). Such an outcome can affect the thought processes and analytical abilities of the users. The performance of such children in their respective classes might worsen or deteriorate. The second harm emerges when preschoolers receive various devices as a way of soothing them. While this approach might be capable of delivering short-term positive outcomes, experts believe that majority of the individuals will fail to develop the relevant emotional intelligence (EI) and stress management skills (Dhende, 2019). Such gaps could eventually make it impossible for more children to develop the desirable milestones throughout their early years of growth. This challenge explains why stakeholders need to be involved and find new ways to support all toddlers. The third way the use of emerging innovations can affect more children is the nature of the available content. The Internet permits many people to access uncensored content from diverse sources. The number of videos, articles, and photographs with violent messages has been on the rise due to the emergence of various social media platforms (Dhende, 2019). Young individuals exposed to such works will eventually become violent and even find new strategies to argue with their siblings, parents, or even teachers. They may become less empathic or unable to control their feelings or tamper. Wit
Introduction Hong Kong is an SAR that enjoys independence from mainland China (until 2047). The area has become a major economic hub in the past decade and still continues to grow in leaps and bounds. Iyer et al (2008) attribute the development of a country’s economy to proper tax measures such as those that Hong Kong has put in place. Being an SAR, Hong Kong levies its own taxes independently. The system of taxation employed is “territorial” where tax is levied on income generated in Hong Kong independent of the resident status of the tax payer. The territorial principle applies where it can be shown that: the entity being taxed traded within Hong Kong; the income subject to tax arose from that trade and that such income was derived from Hong Kong. The Inland Revenue Ordinance of Hong Kong levies profits tax on the realized assessable profits of sole proprietorships, partnerships and corporate bodies. The territorial principle does not recognize residential status or the fact that the income has been taxed elsewhere or not. This means that the tax regime in Hong Kong in itself does not prevent double taxation. Ho and Hutchinson (2010) confirm that indeed there are some loopholes in Hong Kong’s taxation system. Since double taxation is a hindrance to smooth trading, Hong Kong has entered into various double taxation avoidance treaties with other countries. These countries are; Brunei, Luxembourg, the U.K, China (second protocol), Vietnam, Thailand, Belgium and Austria. Hong Kong has also signed similar treaties with several countries which are still awaiting ratification. These are; France, Netherlands, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, New Zealand, Switzerland and Mainland China (third protocol). In addition, the SAR has signed other non-comprehensive treaties with other countries mainly dealing with the twin issues of aviation and shipping. These countries are Sweden, Bangladesh, Croatia, Belgium, Canada, Kenya, the UK, Denmark, Korea, Norway, Russia, Mexico, Netherlands Ethiopia, New Zealand, Singapore, Finland, Germany, Jordan, China, Iceland, Kuwait, Switzerland, Israel, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, and finally the US. While many people consider Hong Kong to be an offshore jurisdiction, its government still maintains that it is just a low tax area and not an offshore jurisdiction per se. However, the tax regime in Hong Kong is quite different from that of other onshore jurisdictions since it does not levy such taxes as sales tax, estate tax, value added tax, capital gains tax, and withholding tax for interests, royalties and dividends. Its tax rates are also quite low as per OECD (Orga
Leadership and motivational techniques are increasingly becoming central in both the finance and quality realms. In order to be successful as a manager of an organization, one must understand his or her leadership styles and tendencies. As a leader one need to develop integrity and demonstrate it every day by providing clear expectations to the employees, monitor destructive emotions in the organization, and exhibit remarkable interpersonal skills (Kouzes & Posner, 2002). To this end, I am going to identify and assess my own leadership style and find out how that can assist or impair my efforts as a member of a team. Understanding my leadership style is essential for my development as a leader. My leadership style has three strengths. First, I have an indirect leadership style. This is because in settling a dispute, I usually prefer to negotiate rather than argue or debate on contentious issues without compromising on the wishes of the other party in a conversation. I have noticed that this strength has made me to be an approachable person. Second, I am a steady and urgent person. I make most decisions cautiously; I consider many options and opinions before deciding. More so, I tend to take fast actions when opportunities arise, and I quickly eliminate options that seem to confuse an issue or delay action. Lastly, I love precision. I intend to organize details in a timely and thorough fashion and I like plans that are clearly set and somewhat predictable. I like to bring order and structure to disorganized situations. On the other hand, my weakest leadership style is that I am always a reserved person. However, this does not mean that I do not stay connected to people. I love to meet and greet people and, I love talking problems out with others to clarify feelings. In comparing my leadership style with that of my other team members, Shannon and Brian, I have noticed some similarities and differences. While I have an indirect leadership style, Shannon has a direct leadership style. However, in settling disputes, she utilizes tact or diplomacy to blunt the edge a bit. Brian also has the same leadership style as Shannon. However, he stops to uphold diplomacy when he is irritated. All of us have reserved leadership styles and have different ways of making ourselves approachable. Shannon feels it a bit easy to engage in a conversation when she is drawn in, interested, or has something to contribute. Brian loves to talk to people one on one rather than in a crowd and he is always happy that makes him to be more approachable. Understanding the leadership styles of my team members is essential in making me become a more effective leader. This is because I would know how to develop appropriate strategies for achieving the goals of an organization depending on the leadership style of my team members. In addition, this would make me interact more freely with them and avoid conflicts at the place of work. Because of the differences in leadership styles of my team, I expect the following pitfalls: slower decision-making, conflict when a change wants to be introduced, and less initial producti
Obedience can be termed as an act in which one responds or adheres to certain instructions from a higher authority without questioning. As a result, obedience allows individuals to follow guidelines and instructions as per by-laws within society, school, homes and other social places. Conversely, conformity is acting in accordance to the desire of other people in a group to avoid being considered an outcast (Sloan et al., 2009). Comparison Both traits are sociological norms depicted by human beings in society. In both cases, an individual must change his or her behavior to correspond to the demand of the dominant group (Sloan et al, 2009). According to social psychologists, the presence of these traits in society enhances mutual and peaceful co-existence. Moreover, people use the traits to seek comfort and overcome the consequences derived from denial and disobedience. In this case, obedience helps one to avoid punishment while conformity keeps one off from unpleasant feeling of indifference (Sloan et al, 2009). These traits regulate behavior of people in the society by ensuring that personal outlooks do not maneuver societal norms. For instance, when one fails to obey or conform to a group norm, they are disapproved hence feel as outcasts. Vividly, these traits involve total compliance to what is perceived as right in a group, Contrast In spite of the fact that the two characteristics are necessary and vital in analyzing behavior, they are prevalent in one way or the other among groups. In this case, there exist credible differences in the two aspects (Sloan et al, 2009). However, the two concepts are frequently confused as they almost mean the same thing. According to psychologists, conformity involves yielding to group and peer pressures (McCloskey, & Berman, 2003). Thus, an individual is compelled to act in a certain way in order to please his peers. Conformity comes out of an individual will to make a social group feel happy. On the other hand, obedience is an act of acting upon instructions in the desired way. Obedience aligns with authority from superior figure such as parents, teachers or administrators. Notably, an individual obeys in order to overcome unpleasant impacts such as punishments. Nevertheless, conformity is out of individual choice and it is voluntary to fit in a particular social group (McCloskey, & Berman, 2003). Exclusively, obedience comes about as a result of minority convincing the majority on the way to work out certain issues (Sloan et al, 2009). In contrast to this, conformity involves the minority being influenced by the majority view. Obedient has a specific demand amid conformity whose demands are implicit. Analyze a classical study concerning the effect of group influence on the self Social groups have much potential to influence people’s behavior and their altitudes. Sociologists confirm that, social influences affect peers or people in the same group through conformity. Empirical research studies on this subject
At the beginning of the XIX century, the news of the Revival meeting spread throughout Kentucky and beyond prompting plenty of people to organize and participate in religious meetings. The biggest and the most well-known meeting of the United States occurred in Cane Ridge, Kentucky, in August 1801 under the leadership of Barton Stone (1772-1844) and many other preachers. It attended from 10,000 to 30,000 people (Conlin, 2014). The meeting was a symbol of the Great Awakening, a religious movement that began in New England in the 30s of the 18th century and speeded in all the North American colonies (Butler, 2008). This paper is aimed at revealing the notion of the emotionalism of a Cane Ridge experience and its place in the religion of nowadays America. Emotionalism is the belief that all religious relates to the senses identified with emotions and subjective manifestations of mental life (Galli, n.d.). The principal feature of the Cane Ridge meeting is the fact that it was initiated in field conditions. Inspired by preaching, the phenomenon when people barked like a dog and fell into fits in convulsions became commonly occurring. This religious meeting was characterized by the fact that it was accompanied by public expression of feelings. The power of the divine truth of Holy Spirit and its impact was determined by stormy manifestations of emotions and deep impression made on people. Preachers have tried to arouse passions deeply penetrating into people’s souls. They were trying to convey to the people calm, solemn, and poignant faith by means of passionate and noisy speech. The emotionalism was expressed in the key method utilized during the Great Awakening, in particular, the revival of worship. It consisted primarily of acute and severe sermons that vividly portrayed dire consequences of sin and comforting miracle of God’s redeeming love in Christ along with a sincere appeal to accept this love while there is still such a possibility. These services were held in church buildings or on the bluff as in the case of the Cane Ridge. Often such crowds were flocked and could not accommodate in any building, and then the service was performed in the open air. At times, the preacher was a local minister. Preaching was usually emotional and, what is more, sincere and rousing causing a strong emotional response. Affected by the preaching, the audience wept with fear, or joy, and some people fainted. Such reaction was considered to be the evidence of the presence and power of God. It should be stressed that a benchmark of the meeting was a highly emotional style of preaching that make listeners weep and repent of their sins (Butler, 2008). For plenty of people, it became a turning point of the spiritual revival and led not only to a strong inner experience but also to active spiritual life, behaviour change, and the desire to involve others in the proces
Introduction This essay looks at the relationship between democracy and globalization; it’s a comparative essay between globalization and democracy. In the recent past, most economies in the world have been adopting strategies aimed at increasing democracy in all areas of the economy i.e. political, economic, social, etc. globalization is one of the factors that influence the economies o adopt democracy in their administrative structures. In this comparison, we will be looking at how globalization hinders democracy in the support of Jihad Vs Mcworld article. Globalization began when European countries colonized other countries in other regions of the world; this was the beginning of the global connection within states. In the past few years, international bodies like IMF and World Bank have been putting pressure on some developing states to endorse globalization in their conditional programs. Democracy follows globalization i.e. globalization fuels democracy (Baeg, pp. 279-291). Economies are nowadays affected by the forces beyond their borders which may be in form of political, economic factors. Globalization is the greatest threat to democracy In that the people are not able to make decisions effectively. Globalization is creating a new dimension of cultures by introducing foreign cultures which play a very important role in the spread of democratic values and orientations in the world. The increasing peoples will in the global scale, this has increased the aspects of democracy in the world and is seen in cases where leaders, rules, and regulations are imposed by these international bodies and states to sovereign states to force them to follow their course with little or no understanding on the impediments they expose democracy to, this is pressure to incorporate democratic views in the state Definition of both democracy and globalization Democracy is the will of the people being manifested directly or through their representatives in a certain situation or state. It is characterized by equality and freedom in all the citizens of a state. Democracy has its measures in the extent to which those freedoms and equality are given to its people (Baeg, pp. 279-291). Democracy has in the last century gained the biggest strides in its history and so has globalization, this