ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the current globalized world, firms have come to the realization that it is important to look for foreign markets for products in order to remain competitive and sustainable. The emerging technologies have created a global village where geographical barriers that existed before no longer prevent individual from conducting business. Firms can easily spread their business operations to regions beyond their home countries. Multinational companies are trying to find global markets, which can absorb their products in order to manage market competition. For a long time, the focus of these multinational companies has been on developed nations. These firms always target the United States and Europe as their best markets because of the high living standards and the purchasing power. However, recent reports show that these markets are already saturated. The focus has now turned to the developing economies. According to Srinivasan (82), multinational corporations have come to realize that they can make a difference when they target the developing economies with their products. India is one of the emerging economies in the world. It is one of the most promising economies among the developing economies. One of the most important characteristic of this country as an emerging economy is its huge population. Mishra (51) observes that such huge populations always offer very attractive opportunities for the multinational corporations. India has about 1.2 billion people, making it the second most populous nation in the world. Multinational corporations cannot ignore this huge market. Another important characteristic of this country as a developing economy is the availability of cheap labor that helps in lowering costs of production. However, it is important to note that given the fact that this is a developing economy; a good percentage of its labor is unskilled or semi-skilled. In September 2010, The Economist argued, “No large international business can afford to do without an India Strategy.” This research is focused on analyzing this statement with focus on international business developments within emerging and developing economies. Analysis International Business According to Dayal-Gulati (29), most firms have come to appreciate the importance of international business. Such large multinational firms as Coca Cola Company and General Motors realized the importance of going global early enough, and this has helped them become giants in their respective industries. In the twenty-first century, firms have been faced with stiff competition in their local markets that has threatened the existence of others. New firms are coming into existence, threatening the market share of the existing firms. This means that these firms must find a strategy that can help them increase their market share in order to remain sustainable. Given the fact that the local market could be congested with similar products, the best option in such cases is always to look for international markets. Going global does not only help firms increase their market share in their resp
Introduction Getting and maintaining clients is challenging and more often than not, involves having the necessary skills. In today’s business world where competition is rife, it is important to be able to retain clients for a business to stay afloat. In the present case where a new manager, Fatema, poses the threat of loss of business, it requires a lot of skills and professionalism to convince her to continue doing business with my company. This paper explores the best strategies for winning over an individual who in this case is Fatema, the new manager, to a business deal when they have other options. Winning a Client Over To start with, preparations need to be done before the actual meeting with Fatema. One should research on the strong points of their own company and plan just how they are going to put these across to the new manager. It also helps to have some information about the person you are meeting. This helps in analyzing their personality and hence knowing how to deal with them in the best way possible. Anticipating certain possible scenarios helps in making one prepared to handle them well. On the material day, one should dress impressively because appearances tell a lot about people and many people dismiss others based on how they present themselves without actually listening to them. In addition, body language and talk should be in tandem with the occasion. When visiting Fatema’s office, one should walk into the office with a smile; greet Fatema with a firm hand while looking straight at her and address her by her name. This shows confidence and undivided attention to the person being addressed (Gallo, 2011). However, care should be taken not to overdo things. For instance, too firm a handshake can send the wrong signals, same as staring at her instead of just maintaining eye contact. It is usually important to start with some small talk before embarking on the agenda of the day. One may for instance, compliment the new manager, Fatema, for being appointed and ask her how things are at her new place of work. While doing this, genuine interest should be shown so as not to appear artificial. Nevertheless, while all this is important, care should be taken and get down to business in the soonest time possible to avoid wasting the other person’s time or interfere with their schedule. The talk with the new manager should extol the good relationship that the two companies have had over time and how good it would be if the relationship was sustained and developed to new levels. Dwell on the advantages of working together without appearing too desperate to maintain it. This should be able to convince the new manager to have a good opinion of the company and continue to uphold the relationship. In addition, conversing with a strong voice and having a proper body language will earn many
Introduction Swine Flu has been a recent threat to humans all around the globe. The virus is severe in terms of effectiveness and can lead to fatal results. This paper is going to highlight all the points that may assist in increasing the awareness about H1N1 virus, its causes, preventions and post- disease curing techniques. H1N1 Influenza The published material by V. Racaniello (2009) states that the major groups of Islamic and Jewish background have at last, persuaded the WHO (World Health Organization) to replace the name Swine Flu virus to a more specific name as H1N1 virus. Like any other type of influenza, H1N1 also as an H protein, hem-agglutinin, which actually permits the germ to join to human host cell, and N proteins called neuraminidase, which demolishes mucous. Since there are various forms of H and N elements, the numbers following H and N depict the particular form of hem-agglutinin and neuraminidase present in the virus. Hem-agglutinin and neuraminidase are vital since they are critical proteins that let the virus contaminate people. For instance, a sore throat is a result of destroyed mucous layer due to neuraminidase in which the vulnerable cells are infected by hem-agglutinin causing the final destruction of cells. The virus has two types, H1N1 and H3N2. Both have been the major cause of respiratory contagions dating back to 1977. Earlier, it was widely understood that, there is a single form of virus that prevails each season. Although the latest research has proved that vital modification in the shell glycoprotein of this virus known as the antigenic shift, lead to global outbreak of flu identified as pandemics. Up till now six forms of antigenic shift has been recognized since 1889. Each of the pandemic carries HA and NA proteins that have been deficient in individuals thus reducing the immunity levels parallel to non-existence (Racaniello, 2009). Symptoms of H1N1 virus According to the article of Genevive Kieger (2009), the symptoms of the H1N1 virus are identical to the symptoms of normal flu. A regular fever of about 100 F, occurs in most of the cases. Other symptoms include dry cough, sore throat and nasal stuffness. Headaches, chills and fatigue also indicate flu and in some cases diarrhea and vomiting is observed also. These symptoms however do not require medical assistance unless they get severe. Drinking a lot of fluids and resting is suggested often as the main counterattack until the position gets serious and medical attention is required. Consulting to a doctor immediately, is necessary for people who are suffering from cancer, blood disorders, diabetes, chronic heart and lung diseases, kidney and liver disorders, people with diluted immu
Introduction This project involved preparing the dental department to obtain the Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation. On this note, it will cover at least 12 various areas to ensure optimal dental care, including infection control program, dental personal health programme, preventing transmission of blood borne pathogens, hand hygiene and personal protective equipment among others. For dental departments, accreditation from the JCI is regarded as the global standard through which any healthcare department is demonstrated to provide high quality and healthcare services that meet the minimum required standards and guidelines as provided by different local, regional and global quality assurance bodies. For instance, the public want and deserve quality healthcare and improved outcomes whether it is for dental, surgical procedures or any other clinical interventions. In addition, patients should know the qualifications of their dentists, observe cleanliness at the facility and they be assured that all treatment procedures follow the recommended standards to reduce cases of medical errors, negligence and infection. It is noteworthy that healthcare facilities in the US are usually accredited based on agreed upon best standards of practices. The same, however, cannot be said of other many international healthcare facilities. The concept of healthcare tourism has gained recognition in the recent past. On th
Introduction Property evaluation refers to all activities that are aimed at establishing the value of an item which may be a house, land, machine, furniture or vehicle. However, this paper will refer to property as a housing unit for a family. Therefore, this discussion will focus on the considerations of evaluating the value of a house located in the outskirts of New York City (Evett 22). The main aspects observed during property valuation are income, cost, market value, location and government policies regarding this practice. This paper explores the property evaluation considerations a person must observe before selling or buying a property in the United States. Background Property valuation is an old tradition that was used to determine the market value of commodities. This practice is believed to have been in existence during and after barter trade. Money had not yet been invented as a medium of exchange and people exchanged goods and services for other goods and services to enable them to get what they did not produce (Ross 21). This was the best way of getting what people wanted even though it was not a logical approach since it was very difficult to estimate the value of a service or good. Modern societies have different ways of determining the worth of a product through weighing or equating them to other standard ways of measurements. Therefore, it was necessary to know the value of a product or service that matched the value of its alternative product to ensure a person gets the correct value of the product exchanged. Therefore, people used to know how many kilogrammes of flour would be exchanged for a goat. However, there were other serious challenges facing barter trade that led to the introduction of money as a medium and means of exchange of goods and services. Money has simplified all transactions involved in trading activities and mad it easy to determine the value of commodities in the market. The International Valuation Standards Council is a body that was established in 1981 to develop consistency in the standards used to evaluate the value of goods across international borders. This body ensures local valuation agencies observe ethical and legal issues when evaluating the value of different property. Literature Review Soil Properties: Testing, Measurement, and Evaluation by Jack Evett Jack Evett believes that land is the most important property amongst all others since its value will never depreciate. According to him people should invest their money in real estates and land since these are property that will attract good rates in the coming years. He claims that the United States is facing a huge land crisis due to its huge population and the demand for land to construct houses for settlement and business activities. In addition, food supply is also a challenging issue and most Americans are looking for land in the suburbs to grow natural foods. He argues that other property like
The term “Middle Ages” describes the period after the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the Renaissance era in the 14th century (History.com, 2010). According to Spark Notes (n.d), the “Middle Ages” or the “Medieval period” is mistakenly recognized as insignificant between two epochs. This period is characterized by the power revolution as Catholic Church became extremely significant and authoritative. Moreover, the rise of Islam in the Middle East led to considerable political and economic transformations (History.com, 2010). The Middle Ages commonly known as “dark times” were not so dark and led to important technological and economic advances. The most powerful figure in medieval Europe was the Pope as direct representative of Catholic Church. Monarchs and leaders could obtain support, power, and protection from the alliance with the Church. The Church was the main economic and social driving force, impacting the politics of different countries (History Learning Site, 2010). For example, it collected “tithe” from the ordinary population and set the rules and laws based on the Bible and their interests. Moreover, the Church obtained the power to assign and reject candidates for kings or queens’ positions. It interrupted inner and outer politics and connections of European countries and had manipulative power over most parts of the ordinary European population such as peasants. The plague pandemic that happened in 1347-1350 probably was the most destructive event at that time. The bubonic plague, or “Black Death,” killed more than 20 million people in Europe that was 30 percent of all population (History.com, 2020). Increased migration in cities and high density of population widespread this disease extremely fast. According to History.com (2020), the diseases started at the Sicilian port of Messina and covered the whole of Europe. The plague had a destructive effect on the economics and living conditions of European citizens as killed cows, pigs, goats, and sheep. During this time, Europeans also experienced workforce scarcity that led to famine and the spread of other diseases. Despite t
Introduction It is known that economic and technological forces greatly impact global production. Global economic growth is now positively impacted by liberalization of trade policies and the introduction of Foreign Direct Investment in several developing countries. In this regard, the ongoing process of globalization provides immense growth opportunities for developing countries and enables faster growth through trading and investments. During the 1970s, global trade had grown at a faster rate than FDI, because of which international trade was the most significant economic activity in the international arena. However, this situation altered during the 1990s when FDI dramatically impacted several developing countries. During this period, technologies were transferred, new marketing strategies were established and networks were established in global sales and production. By entering the country through options provided by FDI schemes, multinational companies stand to gain in making efficient utilization of their resources and assets. At the same time, the home country where investments are made, stand to benefit by way of receiving new technologies and becoming part of the global production and trading networks. According to the World Development Report (2002), global FDI fl
The obligation of the doctor to maintain patient’s confidentiality is one of the fundamental tenets of health care. This obligation is held in high regard and it is articulated in many modern codes of medical ethics such as the American Medical Association and the British Medical Association. Health care professionals therefore go to great lengths to protect confidential information provided by the client. Even so, there are cases where doctors may reveal information provided in confidence without the patient’s consent. This paper will argue that such cases are justifiable since there are instances when patient confidentiality should be broken. To reinforce this claim, some of the scenarios were such breaches are acceptable will be illustrated. In some cases, disclosure even without the consent of the patient is necessary to prevent harm to others. The General Medical Council (2009) advices that personal information may be disclosed if this disclosure will help protect individuals or society from risks such as those posed by communicable diseases. For example, if a patient has a Sexually Transmitted Infection and refuses to inform a sexual partner, the doctor has an obligation to break confidentiality. Confidentiality can also be broken if doing so will benefit other members of the society. For example, if a patient is found to be suffering from a treatable inherited disorder, the relatives should be informed even if the patient refuses (Kuhse & Singer, 2009). This is because this information will lead to the relatives being screened and treated for the disease. In the two cases highlighted above, the benefits to other members of the society far outweigh the patient’s interest in preserving confidentiality. Another instance where it may be necessary to break confidence is when the patient is a victim of violence. Even if the patient insists that the doctor keep the information secret, it may be in the patient’s best interest that confidentiality be broken since it may assist in the prevention or prosecution of the individual who perpetrated the serious crime against the patient (General Medical Council, 2009). By breaking confidence, the physician can help to prevent further crimes from being committed. Kuhse and Singer (2009) declare that in order for doctors to do a good job for their patients they often require information of a sort that is generally regarded as private. Patients are unlikely to pass on such information without the assurances of confidentiality. It can therefore be seen that without confidentiality, patients may be reluctant to give health care personnel relevant information which may be necessary for the provision of good care. While respecting the patient’s confidentiality is of fundamental importance in health care, it is not considered to be an absolute obligation (Kuhse & Singer, 2009). This reveals the ac
Introduction Healthcare in the geriatric community can be demanding. According to the set of the core competencies of the IOM, evidence-based practice must be employed by all the members of the healthcare profession. The healthcare workers are now challenged as the sphere of medical services “needs of the population change from an acute and infectious disease focus to that of an aging population with chronic disease” (Institute of Medicine, 2010). Wound care is one aspect that consumes the elderly population without warning. This problem needs to be addressed with the use of evidence-based practice. This paper will discuss the impact of the mentioned core competency on care plans and nursing practices. In particular, the paper will present the problem of wound healing and how with the help of prevention measures, such as proper nutrition and the use of oral nutritional supplements, wounds can be healed and even prevented. The Relation of the Core Competency to the Problem The use of evidence-based practice is among the five core competencies defined by the IOM. This competency allows to employ an interdisciplinary approach to medical care. It is clear that elderly people suffer from wounds, particularly decubitus, more often than younger people, and the healing process is more complicated in elderly patients. In addition, the measures commonly used in healthcare to handle this problem do not seem to work properly. Therefore, an interdisciplinary approach is needed to treat wounds in elderly people, which links the problem to the mentioned core competency. Preventive Treatment of Wounds in Elderly People Preventing a wound or treating a patient shortly after it occurred is always more beneficial than handling an old wound. Among the primary methods of wound prevention and early treatment is proper nutrition and the use of nutrition supplements. Nutrition plays a highly important role in wound healing, especially for the geriatric community. The common causes of malnutrition in elderly people include decreased appetite, dependence on help for feeding, damaged cognition and/or communication, inconvenient positioning, frequent acute illnesses triggering gastrointestinal losses, lowered thirst response, psychosocial problems, such as isolation and depression, monotonous diet, higher requirements to nutrition, as well as the demands of age, illness, and impairment (Heyman, Van De Looverbosch, Meijer, & Schols, 2008). It is of high priority that the interdisciplinary team examines the patient total nutrition panel to see if oral nutritional supplements (ONS) will be of benefit. Once determined, multivitamin, zinc, and vitamin C can be added to aid in wound healing. Patient concordance with ONS is necessary for the implementation of effective nutritional care as part of pressure ulcer management (Heyman et al., 2008). Surely, proper nutrition of a patient and the use of nutrition supplements should be a part of an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment. A perfect nurse-led model of preventive and early treatment with the consideration of the core competency is a community of pr