ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Promotions Miriam Alamr has assumed the position of an Account Manager. Previously, she was the account executive. In keeping up with the spirit of awarding merit and hard work, Glowork promotes and awards its employees. The promotion of Miriam is part of Glowork’s policy of empowering Saudi women and promoting affirmative action in the workplace. Jowharah Altheyeb is now the HR manager. Previously she was the HR supervisor. Because of hard work, visionary outlook, dedication, and sheer commitment she was promoted. She has been instrumental in promoting creative solutions to workplace problems. Ms Ghadeer who was the HR officer took her position. Jowharah Altheyeb has organized numerous workshops to educate Saudi women on how to attain similar status and competitive edge in attaining employment as men. In a highly patriarchal society, her efforts are gaining ground. In her workshops, Jowharah Altheyeb is also training women and men on how to apply for jobs the right way, which includes writing CVs, preparing for a job interview and ensuring they attain promotions. As the new account manager, Miriam Alamr has revolutionized the accounting system to save costs and increase profits through adoption of automated accounting systems. With the changing technology, it is becoming increasingly easy to analyze all the relevant factors that lead to changes in cost. These factors are called cost drivers. The relevant costs can be classified into opportunity costs, avoidable costs and incremental costs. When the cost drivers have been thoroughly analyzed, it necessitates the use of predetermined overhead absorption rates. This makes Activity Based Costing be the most appropriate in this case. Activity Based Costing is pegged on the in-depth analysis of all the cost drivers that include all the factors that lead to changes in overhead costs. Activity-Based Systems determine the real cost of an overhead before assigning the costs to such activities. Therefore, a company allocates costs to those units that require the activity. The approach appreciates the fact that at any point, the company’s activities will occasion cost, which will vary with production levels. Therefore, the costs should be assigned to the products that require such activities to arrive at a more accurate measure. The distinguishing feature of Activity Based Costing is that it links the output of the manufacturing entity to the cost of all activities involved in production. Value added activities could be determined using this approach. The manufacturing entity can proceed to eliminate activities, which are not adding value to the product. This will improve the manufacturing system’s performance. Glowork also uses other systematic organizational programs to reward employees’ performance. Many theories suggest that they are a source of motivation for employees. The basic principle is to recognize exceptional performance from employees. They are competitive which means employers should carry them out carefully.
Abstract This report delivers a proposed business strategy in establishing an enterprise to provide consumers with a product aimed at transforming their lives. The report focuses on the different competencies that will enable a business to compete favorably and create a successful model across market segments. An analysis of the business through Porters’ Five Forces is provided, along with a consideration of the capacity of the business to achieve tremendous gains irrespective of existing trade difficulties. The report includes an introduction, a marketing mix analysis, a feasibility review, a competitive environment analysis, financial statements, and a commentary, business aims and strategy, and, finally, a conclusion. Introduction The development of a business start-up is a complex set of actions that have an overall purpose of establishing a new, compelling business idea and the means of the efficient implementation of this idea (DaSilva & Trkman 2014). Primarily, it is essential to carry out market research in order to identify existing market gaps and segments of consumers that could be targeted. Additionally, an initial feasibility study is necessary because it is of high importance to develop a profound understanding of targeted consumers’ preferences (Cortimiglia, Ghezzi & Frank 2016). Accordingly, market research was carried out, and, for the purposes of this assignment, it was focused on the market gap in alternative weight loss tools that would be appealing for middle-class and upper-class customers in urban areas who want to maintain both healthy and trendy lifestyles. Therefore, the initial business idea for the start-up is the following: a company that will produce and sell high-end sports bicycles with fitness-tracking features should be established. It is possible to mention that this business idea is in compliance with two primary kinds of demand of the targeted group: to have an effective weight loss device and to own high-end, fashionable production. Marketing Mix The application of the marketing mix, which constitutes such aspects as product, pricing, promotion, and placement, to the proposed business idea is of high significance because it provides a business with an opportunity for efficient and sustainable growth (DaSilva & Trkman 2014). The initial idea of producing high-end sports bicycles is evidently appealing to individuals who want to be in control of their weight, but rarely find time to exercise. As the problems of obesity and lack of exercise are considerably common in contemporary society, the link between the target market and the proposed business idea is apparent, because the identified issues are more common among inhabitants of urban areas. Accordingly, fou
As Doomerholt (pp. 1-2) states, “myalgia generally means muscle pains.” Hence, considering the fact that there exist many causes of muscle pains, Myogia is more of a warning indication of many underlying and undiagnosed health complications or disorders. Muscle pains can be an indication of numerous undiagnosed health complications, for example, autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis, and Devic’s disease. Depending on their causative agents and duration of existence without being attended to, the muscle pains can be chronic or temporary Therefore, because muscle pains can be caused by numerous factors or diseases that have common symptoms, it is important for individuals to seek quick medical attention once they experience chronic muscle pains, to avoid the wrong prognosis, which may complicate the underlying disorder or disease. Causes of Myalgia There exist numerous causes of muscle pains, which vary from the simple overstraining of muscles to complex health complications, for example, lupus, dengue fever, polio, and fibromyalgia. Medically, although certain genetically inherited medical complications can cause muscle pains, Myalgia is not a genetic condition, but rather it may indicate the presence of many underlying genetic anomalies in individuals; hence, making it an acquired condition. Primary causes of Myalgia include injury and sprain to muscles overuse of muscles; mostly in prolonged exercises scenarios, and shock. Muscle pains are also common in individuals who use certain drugs, for example, cocaine, statins (cholesterol-reducing drugs), and ACE inhibitors (commonly used by patients with blood pressure anomalies). Further, muscle pains can also be a result of mineral electrolyte imbalances, for example, potassium. Other common causes of Myalgia include autoimmune anomalies, for example, multiple sclerosis, metabolic defects such as Conn’s syndrome and hyperthyroidism, and health complications such as Rhabdomyolyis, Polymyolisis, polio, muscle abscess, influenza, dermatomyositis, hermohhagic fever, and Lyme disease (Gill and Quisel 182-184). Symptoms of Myalgia Common indications of muscle pain include sharp aches of certain muscles, pain within joints, extreme body weakness and fatigue, intermittent headaches, abnormal heartbeat rate (common in scenarios when heart muscles have been affected), persistent hearing and vision problems, respiratory distress, numbness or tickling feeling on somebody parts such as the face and legs (Health Central 1). Diagnosis Due to numerous cases of Myalgia, individuals should avoid the self-diagnosis, as this may complicate any underlying problem. The first step of diagnosis is an examination of the physical condition of the patient and analyzing the historical development of the condition. This should be followed with lab tests that may include Myoglobin, thyroid function, glucose, aldolase, urinalysis, CBC (complete blood count), erythrocyte Sedimentation rate, Creatinine, electrolytes, and creatine
Quality management is a realm where decisions should be made based on facts. Modeling of production and management processes in the company becomes possible thanks to a broad range of statistical tools. However, modern statistical tools are rather complicated, and not all participants of the quality management process may understand them. That is why the quality professionals developed a set of seven simple and easily perceivable visual methods of analysis of the processes. Being statistical in their essence and not requiring any special training, those common tools become essential for everyone who deals with quality issues and aims to improve the company’s overall performance. The set of common quality tools was established by one of the Japanese quality gurus of the new wave, Kaoru Ishikawa, the author of the famous concept of “quality circles”. In 1982, he combined together the existing methods and created his own; those tools were Pareto diagram, cause-and-effect diagram, check sheet, flow chart, run chart, scatter diagram and control chart (Coleman 22). They can be used both to plan and control quality (Hoyle 698). Let us consider each of the tools and find out how they can be used to eliminate defects and streamline the quality management process of the given ice-cream company. Pareto diagram is based on the analysis of the defects’ frequency. The errors causing defects are then ranked and put in a descending order. It is a very important tool, as the organization’s resources are limited and it is crucial for process owners and stakeholders to understand the root causes of errors (Buser, Massis, and Pollack 67). The diagram is also known as the principle of 80:20, meaning that 80% of all problems is caused by 20% of issues. Pareto diagram contains columns, which represent individual values in descending order, and a line graph, which stands for a cumulative line (Berger 286). In the given case, Pareto chart can be used to graphically show the rejects that contribute the most to the bad quality of ice cream. From the reject log, we can find out that the defects “soupy” and “ice crystals” are the most frequent and, thus, cause 80% of quality issues. As it is said, that “soupy” refers to the consistency level reached on the fourth step of the process (“Run freeze machine until the consistency is correct”), the company should pay the greatest attention to people and equipment involved at this stage. Number of defects. Cause-and-effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram helps to visualize the underlying causes of a specific problem. To build this diagram, one needs to define the key elements that influence the quality: Manpower (the personnel involved in the process, stakeholders), Methods (policies, procedures, rules, regulations for the process), Machines (tools and equipment required to perform the work), Materials (raw materials used for the production of the final product), Measurements (data from the process used to evaluate it
Processes: The Play, Its Context, and Presented Ideas Addressing the increasing social tension and the capitulation of Victorian values and philosophy, George Bernard Shaw’s “Pygmalion” serves as not merely a witty social commentary but also as a rebellion against Victorian traditions. Pointing at the stiffness and the outdated nature of the values and ideas associated with the Victorian era, Shaw’s “Pygmalion” quickly turned into a beacon of societal change. Nevertheless, the play has retained its relevance throughout the decades of its existence and through the thousands of its reiterations, which suggests that the play appeals to its readers with its core premise of rejecting the edifice of artificiality and, instead, seeking the source of personal happiness and content. In retrospect, the cultural context of the play was that of a period of transition from the Victorian values to the new ones and the desperate search of the ideas that could constitute a new value system. The subversion of the stiff concepts on which the previous value system resided is evident in the play, yet it does not offer a substitute in return; ins
Abstract Aluminum and mild steel were compared in this experiment to determine their mechanical qualities. The fundamentals of universal testing machine functioning were also learned throughout this experiment. Many engineering materials may be tested with the Universal Testing Machine. In many engineering constructions, tensile qualities of materials are employed as a basis for their design. It is possible to anticipate the properties of materials under various loading conditions by looking at the stress-strain relationships of different metals (van Zijl, Slowik, Toledo Filho, Wittmann, & Mihashi, 2016). Mild steel outperformed aluminum in this testing in terms of tensile and yield strength. Because of its excellent strength, mild steel may be used in a wide variety of constructions and engineering projects. Introduction Structural components for bridges, railways, ships, airplanes, and pressure vessels should have their tensile qualities studied to ensure their safety. As a result, the tensile strength of the materials used in structural applications should be adequate. Engineering applications are determined by the metals’ mechanical characteristics. Tensile tests, which apply axial or longitudinal force to a specimen with given dimensions, may be used to estimate a material’s tensile characteristics. Until the specimen deforms and fails, these forces are applied. Using the tensile load and the related extensions, the stress-strain equation of the material specimen is calculated and determined. In addition, to yield strength, percentage of elongation, and ultimate strength, the tensile test experiment may be used to assess additional mechanical properties of the specimen. Keeping track of the initial gauge length Lo, diameter Do, and cross-sectional area can help with future computations. Theory In the presence of tensile stress, a substance undergoes deformation. There are two main types of deformation: elastic and plastic deformation. Expansion and applied load are directly proportional in elastic deformations. Engineering stress is defined as the ratio of the applied load to the original cross-sectional area, whereas engineering strain is defined as the change in length (extension) L over the original length L.’s Hence; σ=P/Ao and ε=∆ L/Lo Where: Σ is exerted stress P is the axial load A o is the initial cross-sectional area Experimental procedure Figure 1: stress-strain relationship under uniaxial loading.  1. By use of Vernier calipers, the thickness and breadth of samples of aluminum and mild steel were measured. The gage length of each material was found to be 80 mm.  2. A ruler was used to measure and check the gage length of each sample of material.  3. The program for capturing and recording data was enabled, and the substance matching the specimen was chosen in the software.  4. By zeroing the load cell, the Instron Load Frame could only be configured to measure just the tensile load on each specimen entered.  5. The jaws were altered to accommodate the size of the specimens. This was followed by mounting the extensometers to the shortened parts of the gage specimen.  6. To minimize slippag
Social programs have been an essential part of national prosperity, and it significantly improved standards of living. Although numerous programs aim to solve difficult problems and assist citizens with their issues, the social program’s success is not guaranteed. Evaluation types and methodologies are necessary instruments to categorize and analyze the effectiveness of social programs (Rossi, Lipsey, & Freeman, 2003). Historically, the United States did not actively implement social programs into governmental practices until 1960 due to the unpopularity of it. However, during Kennedy and Johnson presidencies, there was a rapid rise of social programs because those presidents advocated for policies and acts that encouraged an active use of the given programs, such as War on Poverty (Rossi et al., 2003). The boom period in the 1960s happened due to a significant increase in social program initiatives and implementations. Subsequently, it led to a high need for policy analysis and evaluation methodologies, which are crucial in measuring and determining the social program’s effectiveness. Program evaluation is a tool to systematically apply the techniques and concepts of social science disciplines in order to investigate the efficiency of social intervention programs. Numerous professionals and experts emerged in the field of program evaluation after an increase of social policy and public administration movements. The evaluation methodologies aim to accurately describe the social program’s performance and assess it according to the main five domains: need, design, delivery, outcome, and effectiveness (Rossi et al., 2003). Each domain strictly follows the social intervention program from the beginning to the results. The given process accompanied by interested parties or stakeholders, who might fund, supervise, and evaluate the program. Stakeholders can be represented as individuals, groups, or organizations with a great deal of involvement in the performance of the social intervention program. For example, they can be decision-making authority, sponsor, administrator, and personnel (Rossi et al., 2003). All social programs have a target unit, who can be an individual, family, or community. The program directly focuses on solving and assisting the target population, therefore, every social intervention program requires an assessment and process evaluation from both service providing and receiving parties. Finally, there are a number of approaches for social program evaluation, including cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, empowerment evaluation, and program monitoring (Rossi et al., 2003). Each evaluation method assesses the effectiveness of the program from various angles, thus making the program monitoring
Introduction In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls deliberates on how applying logic in justice principles would solve common problems like societal structures, assigning right duties to individuals and distribution of economic and social advantages to all people in society among other pertinent issues. Instead of concerning himself with the elusive notion of restoring justice in any unjust society, Rawls’ elementary duty in this book is to come up with principles of justice that would be universally applicable and used in shaping an ideal society. To some extent, Rawls borrows from Immanuel Kant’s principles of ethics that campaign for principles of nature where an individual has to do to others as he or she would expect them to do to him or her. According to Rawls, principles that would govern a society are principles chosen by individuals if they were in an ‘original position’ and they acted rationally having mutual neutrality. To expound these principles of justice, Rawls came up with two principles of justice viz. ‘Principle of Equal Liberty” and “Difference Principle.” These principles can be understood better by looking into what Rawls calls “Original Position’ and “Veil of Ignorance.” If people acted or chose situations that are ‘ideal’ for them with neutrality, then justice would become fair and this would overcome the infringements presented by theory of utilitarianism. Rawls provides a strong argument for these principles and these principles are good justice principles. The Two Principles Before putting forward his two principles of justice, Rawls begins with expounding a hypothetical ‘original position’ that each individual should adopt. At this position, the involved parties would determine precepts of justice from behind a ‘veil of ignorance.” The ‘veil’ mentioned here would fundamentally subterfuge people from recognizing any facts about themselves hence eliminate the possibility of littering justice with personal issues. Rawls says, “no one knows his place in society, his class position or social status, nor does anyone know his fortune in the distribution of natural assets and abilities, his intelligence, strength, and the like. I shall even assume that the parties do not know their conceptions of the good or their special psychological propensities. The principles of justice are chosen behind a veil of ignorance” ((Perry, Bratman & Fisher 580). Therefore, in accordance with this argument, there would be no class, talents or any social distinction in the society. Rawls approaches this issue from hypothetical ‘original point’ to eliminate personal issues that litter justice principles. For long, people have made decisions and p