ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Patient safety is a nurse’s first concern and should never be assumed (Lundy & Janes, 2009). Usually, laxity, ignorance, and forgetfulness on the side of a nurse amount to negligence (Lucy and Locke, 2001). There are many issues that surround the day-to-day activities of a nurse. According to MarCathy (2009), these issues affect the interaction between the nurse and the patient. One of these issues and which is discussed in this essay is unsafe medicine use. From a general perspective, unsafe medicine use relates to dispensation of the wrong prescription to a patient or the right medication in the wrong dosage (Lundy & Janes, 2009). This mishap may emanate from distinct anomalies on either the part of the nurse or the patient. One of the common mistakes is when a patient moves from one bed to another causing confusion. According to Lucy and Locke (2001), a nurse may get involved in unsafe medicine administration due to the wrong labeling of drugs. These could be drugs in basins, cups, syringes or other storage devices. They further assert that it may also result from brand confusion. This occurs due to the lofty number of medications in the market with an almost similar brand or generic names and packaging. To enhance patients’ safety, a nurse has the obligation to identify keenly every medication before administering it to the patient (MarCathy, 2009). This must include reading the labels keenly and seeking assistance when not sure, with a new patient, or upon taking over a new shift. Another vital aspect of unsafe medication use involves a situation where a nurse gives additional medication that conflicts with the current ones (Lundy & Janes, 2009). This could be detrimental to the nurse’s career and sometimes may be fatal to the patient. This occurs when the patient deteriorates in sickness suddenly and the nurse has to give other medication to bring the patient’s condition under control. It also occurs when a nurse is not keen or the patient moves from one hospital to another and does not divulge the fact that he had been treated elsewhere (Lucy & Locke, 2001). The best thing for a nurse to do in such cases is to ask professional questions in order to get as much information as possible from the patient. Unsafe use of medication also occurs when open communication is not fostered (Lundy & Janes, 2009). This is when there is a communication breakdown amongst the doctors, nurses, and other healthcare operatives. Doctors must give in-depth advice to nurses on specific patients’ prescriptions and conditions. This is what led the Institute of Medicine (USA) in 2004 to incorporate the Crew Resource Management (CRM) program into nursing, as used in the airline industry (MarCathy, 2009). This model emanated from the fact that good communication between the pilot and the cr
Introduction Resources are important since they help a company in its production process. Resources are the source of input and major determinants of output (Henry, 2007). A company that has more resources may have an advantage over its competitors. However, it is important to note that resources have to be utilized effectively for them to give the company an advantage. On their own, resources do not have any benefit to the organization. Resources, therefore, need to be transformed to benefits. As resources are transformed to benefits, they usually become overstretched or they get used up. Resources are categorized into two classes: tangible resources and intangible resources. This essay evaluates the resources of Kraft Foods Group and how they help the company gain a competitive advantage. Tangible Resources These are resources that can be touched, seen and can be felt. There are different categories of tangible resources. At Kraft Foods Group, the following are the available the tangible resources. Physical resources These are resources that have been made by human beings and they help in execution of daily activities. In an organization, physical resources include fixed capital assets such as buildings, equipment, machinery, land, as well as any other item that helps the business in its activities and can be considered as a fixed asset (Henry, 2007). Kraft Foods Group is rich in capital assets and it utilizes them to gain an advantage over its competitors. The company’s plants and equipment are recorded in their historical costs, and their depreciation is calculated using the straight line method. The period over which equipment is depreciated is highly dependent on its use and the type of equipment. For instance, in the case of machinery depreciation period ranges between 3 years to 20 years after which its economical life is over and can be disposed. Apart from the plant and machinery, the company also has sufficient land that is used for productive purposes. Financial resources These are resources that refer to money flow within the organization. Kraft Group is a company that is strong in terms of finance (Henry, 2007). Financial resources are very important to any company since they enable the day-to-day running of the organization’s operations. At Kraft Foods Group, financial reports are prepared in accordance with the GAAP principles. They are reported in income statement, cash flow statement, statement of comprehensive income, as well as the statement of financial position, liabilities and shareholders’ equity. Over the last couple of years, the company has recorded financial increase. This indicates profitability in the company. Human resource This is the most valuable resource in any organization. Kraft Foods Group recognizes that human resources are vital for the development of the organization. As a result, the company highly values its human resource
Abstract In all countries all over the world problems of global warming, high cost of living, industrial pollution and deforestation are very common. These problems have greatly contributed to poverty and poor business due to market value. There is no doubt that these problems need to be handled urgently and recycling is one of the best solutions that there are. Recycling is reproducing old products into new, it assist in reducing production of new products and their consumption. Therefore, using Metadors, Inc grant of $10,000 to enhance recycling will be assisting millions of people and businesses all over the world. Proposal narrative As an opening statement I would like to state that recycling refers to the process where old products are reproduced in to new ones; the main aim of this process is to reduce wastage, save energy, reduce consumption of fresh raw materials. The process is also involved in reduction of pollution. The process is seen to have both negative and positive effects, the process does not have specific advantages or an appraisal method where by its exact advantage can be stated. The process may tend to save some resources such as energy and raw materials, but to what degree? This question often raised since the recycling process also involves some financial strength for it to succeed. The main question therefore arises on whether the process is worth or not. Thematic statement: Recycling is not garbage One of the best ways to analyze if really recycling process works is to make a financial analysis concerning the process. The financial analysis might show a process where organizations will attain profits by reducing costs of purchasing raw material and also by increase in production. Though there are expenses associated with recycling they may not be as high compared to the fresh raw materials saved when the process is carried out. Other profits that the process may bring about include; the ability to save energy and reduce pollution. Energy in most countries tend to be an expensive and variable commodity, by saving it the country may incur very high profits (Borbie, et al. 12). The recycling process is mostly recorded in the public places, plastic recycling and recycling in the home. The plastic recycling is the most common and the public is actively involved in collection of the materials to be recycled. This process tends to reduce pollution (Porter and Richard 31). Home or household recycling tends to reduce wastes and therefore reduce the costs incurred. Household recycling clearly can make a great difference if well practiced. In addition, the process will tend to reduce pollution if all individuals can reduce their CO emissions. This will mean that the environment will be a good habitat for animals and plant hence improved resources fr
Introduction According to the doctrines of the Islamic religion, Al- hijab is a term referring to the veil or curtain that functions to separate the world or man from God. Nonetheless, al- hijab is a somewhat metaphysical description of the term “Hijab”. Hijab is a term that describes both the styles of dressing that are defined by the Muslim doctrines and also the traditional covering of the head usually worn by the Muslim women. Additionally, the word “hijab” is actually from the Arab language, which literally denotes a curtain or in some other context “cover”. According to Syed (2001), in addition to being a veil or a curtain, the hijab can also be referred to as a partition or a screen. On the other hand, al- hijab refers to illusion basically giving the meaning to the aspect of creation. Nevertheless, the most popular definition of the word “hijab” is the veil which is usually part dressing for the Muslim women. Ultimately, in reference to the usual definition of the term by the Muslim religion, “Hijab” defines the true clothing by both the men and women of the Muslim faith that are meant to emphasize modesty as well as dignity. This definition is according to the Qur’an 1 , Surah 2 24: verses 30- 1). Ahmed (1993) gives further explanation basing on the descriptions given by the Qur’an that clothes which either very well defined the curves of the body or expose the body must be avoided. However, Sensenig (2006) Articulates that today’s media personalities have given much heed not on the holistic meaning of the Hijab, but rather the covering of the head and faces by Muslim women. Additionally, Ahmed (1993) explains that the impact of today’s fashion on the hijab has left the definition of the hijab being exceptional to the fashionable members and the young generation that presides in the cities. Essentials about the Hijab The hijab traces its roots from the Qur’an (Muhammad’s 3 holy book). During the early times in the Muslim history, women covered only their heads with their ears, chest, and neck still exposed. Nevertheless, there was an additional directive form Allah that all women were supposed to cover every part of their body apart from hands and face. The most definite significance of wearing the hijab by the Muslim women is to show devotion to Allah as well as the decisive intent of staying modest and innocent (Manal2010). Muslim women usually consider the hijab as an expression of their faith, righteousness, purity, and submission (Starr 2010). Nevertheless, most of the non- Muslim communities usually view the veil with their own understanding which is looked at by the Muslim communities as a confusion and sometimes offensive (Sensenig 2006). The most challenging thing about the Hijab to the Muslim community is that both girls and women are supposed to put it on, and therefore every now and then, questions usually arise especially at the schools and offices. Nevertheless, the Muslim Qur’an has been the foundation for the Muslim communities that face such dilemma (Starr 2010). It is not only the non- Muslim women who question the Hijab. Muslim women at some points also ask questions about the cre
This article describes the principles of vaccine inventory management. The thing that immediately attracts the reader’s attention is the level of detail in these procedures. A person, who is responsible for this task, must know exactly what quantities of diluents or vaccines have already been administered, and which of them have already been expired. Furthermore, he/she must be able to determine in what order they should be used and how they should be stored (National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, n. d. p 4). It seems that such meticulousness is quite justified in this case. First of all, the accidental administration of expired or spoiled vaccine can imperil the patient’s health and even life, and such an accident will give rise to criminal investigation. Thus, these safety precautions are indispensible for this kind of inventory. Apart from that, such level of detail can be explained by the fact that vaccines are very expensive, and one has to regularly keep a record of them to reduce the cost of procurement. We should also mention that only authorized members of the personnel have access to this inventory. To some extent, these guidelines are similar to those ones, proposed by Carl Warren (2008). These recommendations are supposed to prevent theft in the organization. Certainly, there is small likelihood that someone may try to take a vial of vaccine without permission but even the smallest possibility of risk has to be eliminated. Moreover, this article touches upon such concept as stock rotation. In particular, the vaccines must be arranged according to their expiration dates. The vials with the early expiration dates must be placed in front (National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases n. d. p 3). Overall, such practice resembles that one employed by managers of grocery shops. They also arrange perishable goods, especially milk or meat according to their expiration dates. This approach allows the management to decrease inventory turnover. It is possible for us to argue that inventory management helps to protect vaccines or diluents in several ways. One of them is continuous monitoring of the stock. Medical workers pay close attention to the storage conditions such as temperature, humidity, lighting etc in order to insure that the vaccine is not spoiled. As it has been noted before, the access to this inventory is granted only to the authorized personnel so that no one could possible misuse the vaccine. Finally, stock rotation and accounting aim to ensure that the hospital (or any other medical institution) has sufficient supplies of vaccines and diluents. Therefore, one may say effective inventory management techniques are mandatory for the effective functioning of a healthcare
Gender stereotyping has adverse effects on teenage girls in the Western Europe. Despite the current level of civilization in many European states, the society still upholds the ancient stereotyped beliefs. The society maintains that boys and girls have unequal capacities in a majority of the fields. Moreover, many people do not discuss gender equality in the Western Europe. They claim that both genders are equal. However, this is not reflected in the way they treat boys and girls. A research carried out in a number of schools found that teachers dedicate more time to boys than girls. The prevalent gender attitude in the Western Europe has made it hard for teenage girls to exploit their talents. This paper will discuss some of the effects of gender attitude on teenage girls in the Western Europe. Despite the fact that girls’ education experience differs based on geographical location, socioeconomic status, disability, and ethnicity, gender stereotyping has significant influence on girls’ education. The manner in which teachers and students construe gender in the learning environment has effects on girls’ learning abilities. Even though schools are discouraged from practicing gender stereotyping, the vice is still prevalent in many schools in the Western Europe. One of the major problems is that gender stereotyping is normally restrained, and often uncontested or unnoticed. Hence, schools propagate gender stereotyping without the knowledge of the teachers or students. For instance, teachers refrain from asking girls hard questions since they believe that only boys can handle such questions. Consequently, it demotivates the girls leading to their poor performance. A research in many of the schools in the Western Europe discovered that teachers relate with girls and boys differently. The study found that teachers allocate more time to boys than girls. Besides, boys have the courage to initiate discussions with teachers. In the Western Europe, the society treats girls as mediocre. The same culture is propagated in schools, which makes the teenage girls lack the courage to relate with their teachers. This contributes to their poor performance in schools, as they are afraid of making clarifications in areas that they do not understand. Besides, teachers praise boys whenever they perform well in class. Failure to praise girls affects their morale leading to poor performance in classes. Given the prevalent gender attitude in schools, many of the teenage girls suffer from low self-esteem. Eve
Introduction A hovercraft, also known as Air Cushion vehicle (ACV) as the title implies is a type of vehicle using a cushion of pressured air to float over and move. The main idea of the hovercraft as it is today was first explored by the British engineer Sir John Thornycroft, who introduced the idea of using a cushion system to reduce the drag of water on boats and ships. The idea was later developed with the introduction of airplanes, but nevertheless, the construction of hovercrafts close to the used today did not gain much interest until after the World War II with the contribution of Christopher Cockrell, who is considered the father of the hovercraft (“The History of Hovercraft and Air Cushion Vehicles”). Examining the principles of hovercraft works, this paper provides an overview of the main theories used for hovercraft operation. Theory The basis of hovercraft theory is the operation of two forces, i.e. the force lifting the hovercraft over the ground, and the force that moves the aircraft forward. The first force is created by a fan pushing air under the hovercraft. The cushion forces only small amounts of air to be escaped, and when the amount of air pushed into the cushion cannot exceed the amount of air released, the hovercraft reaches an equilibrium point, at which it is floating over the ground. The moving force accordingly is caused by a flow of air pushed horizontally through another fan (Consten; Woodford; RC Hovercraft). It should be mentioned that the latter represents a two motor system in which there is a fan for each force, while in a simpler construction one single motor can be used pushing the air in two directions as shown the figure below. One-Motor Hovercraft (Gately) The pressure can be calculated based on the formula which depends on the area of the cushion and the force of the fan, and which will look like: Pressure= force/area (Woodford). Accordingly, it should be stated that in addition to the forward thrust force, operated by the fan, there additional forces which affect the hovercraft movement, i.e. the kinetic friction and the air drag. The kinetic friction is the force resulted whenever there are two moving surfaces are in contact with each other (“Static and Kinetic Friction”). In the case of a hovercraft, it can be stated that such friction exists due to the fact that the hovercraft is not constantly in the float position, where the vibration and the water might cause a small amount of friction to occur. It should be noted that the small kinetic friction, can be considered as one of the features of using a hovercraft. On the other hand, air drag is also a type of friction, but occurring between the moving object and the air, and which is a velocity dependant. In that regard, for small objects at low speed, “air resistance is approximately proportional to velocity”, while for larger objects at higher velocities, the frictional drag is approximately proportional to the square of the velocity” (Nave). It can be seen that despite the pr
Introduction Over the last 30 years, the state budget expenditures on healthcare have increased significantly, though objective reasons for improving the level of services have not existed, and the insurance cost per one employee has raised too. This way, American medicine appears to be unaffordable for most of the population and unavailable for citizens with low incomes. For these reasons, in 2010, the United States Congress established the healthcare reform, which implied introducing obligatory medical insurance for the entire U.S. citizenry, providing special conditions for the indigent people. Patients with severe illnesses are supposed to have special discounts too. Moreover, the reform was aimed to improve the current conditions for people, who had already purchased a medical insurance policy. The Affordable Care Act has contributed to spreading of the medical insurance coverage among the population, which, consequently, has a considerable impact on nursing practice (Heim et al., 2015; Eguia et al., 2018). As more clients have had recourse to hospitals and clinics, the healthcare organizations encounter the necessity to adjust to the law. This way, the purpose of the paper is to outline the essential measures for reorganizing the medical services. The Impact on the Organization The organization, which I have been employed for the past five years, Trinity Health Services, has undergone the influence of the Affordable Care Act too. It is notable that the emergency department is attended by clients more rarely than it has been before, while acuity tends to increase. Another significant consequence of the Affordable Care Act is improving the ambulatory offerings in the organization, so the process of shifting to urgent care facilities and major care services has become more comfortable. In addition, obtaining the medical insurance policies comprehensively has contributed to addressing health care offerings in order to receive a fundamental treatment more often, as compared with the situation before passing the Affordable Care Act. This way, the cases of invoking the emergency department for the reason mentioned above have become less common. In summary, the general outcome of the reform has had a positive influence on Trinity Health Services. Implementation strategies All healthcare organizations have had to adjust to new conditions in various fields of medicine, take into consideration new hardships and elaborate on particular impl