ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Intelligence is a word utilized to explain a belonging of the mind, which embraces several associated capabilities like the ability to plan, to make decision, to reason, to understand concepts, to study and to think conceptually. There are different manners of describing intelligence. For instance, some ways involve characters like perception, originality, acquaintance, personality or behaviour. People are different in their capability to comprehend thoughts, to adjust successfully to the surrounding, to study from past occurrence, to engage in different types of reasoning, to fight against hindrances by understanding ideas. Though substantial intelligibility has been attained in most of the places, there is no such formulation that has responded to all the significant queries and none instructions widespread consent (Hertzig, 1998, p.97). This paper will discuss the psychometric approach of studying personality and human intelligence. Psychometric Approach A common theory of intelligence is grounded on psychometric approach. Thus, psychometric approach is grounded on direct evaluation of imagination and its apparent associates like information, capabilities, personality behaviour, and thoughts in a person. However, discontentment with the convectional psychometric approach has resulted to the establishment of several other theories, which indicate that intelligence is due to several autonomous capabilities that distinctively lead to human performance. Though other intelligence theories have been developed, the theory with the biggest supporters for the longest time is grounded on psychometric approach. Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales testing The two common psychometrically testing used mostly as measures of intelligence are the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales. Gardner argues that the intelligence testing assess only rational and lingual intelligences, with little emphasis within satisfaction in those fields. Therefore, according to Gardner, the recent approach of psychometric for assessing intelligence is not effective. According to him, evaluation ought to look into a larger area to assess the cognitive abilities in an accurate manner. In addition, he recommends several expansions for the improvement of intelligence evaluations. Moreover, Gardner believes that the aim of evaluation should be to get data on the knowledge and abilities of the people and offer significant response to the persons and the society as a whole. Evaluation brings out data about a person’s capabilities in the circumstance to real performance instead of alternative by utilization of official tools in a de-contextualized system. Gardner says that evaluation needs to be made one of the learning environments. This is because evaluation is created into the learning circumstance just like the persistent evaluation of knowledge that happens in position or the self-
Introduction The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is defined as a program for scoring the physical indicators noted near a patients’ bed. This score aims to pinpoint highly at-risk patients, in this case, those who may have sepsis in Ireland’s healthcare facilities. The National Early Warning Score scoring program measures six physical indicators level of consciousness or new-onset confusion, temperature, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, and respiration rate (Alam et al., 2015). Background on the National Early Warning Score In Ireland, the Acute Medicine Program established the NEWS project workforce in 2011 to develop and implement the program in the Irish healthcare system. The system was recommended to the Irish healthcare system by the National Clinical Effectiveness Committee (NCEC) (Alam et al., 2015). In 2011, the Early Warning Score was nationally implemented via a law initiative and a patient welfare program from the Health Service Executive (HSE). The National Early Warning Score was founded on international evidence incorporating the VitalPAC Early Warning Score scores (Alam et al., 2015). The VitalPAC Early Warning Score is an authorized aggregate weighted trajectory and trigger program that functions as a template for NEWS to detect patient deterioration. The purpose of this program was to use a definitive improvement plan, endorse an early clinical review encouraged by specific parameters, use a structured communication tool, and develop systems for early detection of patient deterioration and grouping of patients’ severity of illness. The Importance of Accurately Recording Fluid Balance Fluid balance is the relationship between the output and intake of fluid and the complementing of the two. Maintaining a sufficient fluid balance is important to health because insufficient intake or too much fluid loss can cause
Executive summary In this paper, our main focus was on airline industries and how it is being managed. The point of interests was on the challenges that are being faced in the industry and what the concerned authorities are doing to solve the problem. From the discussion we discovered that the areas of challenge in the industry are costs of establishing and maintaining it, unpredictable weather conditions, security issues and frequent changes in technology. All this issues have either made the airlines spend more money on maintenance or loose some of their trusted clients (Goeldner, 2000). As a solution most airlines opted for mergers which have proved to be a profitable move. By entering into mergers, the company is able to venture into other development activities that enable them earn extra money for development. They are also able to effectively counter attack the challenges that come with the industry. As many companies have entered into merger, there are still others that are finalizing their merger business and others making it a top consideration. Introduction The need for air transport which is considered to be the fastest means that can be used to travel between regions has also led to an increase in its demand. Compared to the past when there were fewer airlines, the current economic world has realised an increase in the establishment of airlines to meet the demands of the day. Some decades ago, airlines were public corporations which led to a control in the number in which they could be established. It was however deemed necessary for the entities to also be privatised because the need was also arising (Lelieur, 2003). Air transport was not common in the past and was only favourable for people of a certain class who were capable of affording it. However, modernization and improvements in the field of technology has made air transport vital for everyone. As demand for air transport increased, there was also an increase in supply which reduced its transportation costs substantially. As the number of airlines increased, some that could not keep up with the competition closed down as others looked for clever ways of counter attacking it. Many resolved to enter into mergers and acquisition, a practice that has become common in the airlines industry. In this paper, we take a critical look at the challenges that are being faced by the industry and the different strategies that are being employed to counter the same. Challenges of air market Cost Air market is not an easy industry to manage compared to other business establishments in the world. It involves a specialized kin
Importance of Pre- and Post-Questioning as Instructional and Assessment Tools Reading comprehension defines how readers grasp the content and meaning of the materials they study. It is believed that readers build their future knowledge based on their current acquaintance. Consequently, in order for readers to understand the content of the contexts they study, they are supposed to have some basic comprehension of the context. This enables them to easily add details to what they already have. For that reason, teachers are expected to ask questions before and after reading sessions to enhance how the learners comprehend the context of the materials they study (Gunning, 2010). Pre-questioning assists instructors to assess the current knowledge level of their learners so that they can effectively assist the learners to improve on the knowledge that they already have. Pre-questions refer to the questions that a teacher may ask before the commencement of any lesson in classroom. The learners are expected to answer those questions and if they get all or most of them right, then it is an indication that they already know something concerning the topic being introduced. The teacher or the instructor is then able to know where to start from and how best to enhance what the learners already understand (Gunning, 2010). On the other hand, post-questioning enables the teachers to verify whether their students have understood all parts of the readings assigned to them. Post-questioning is as important as pre-questioning because it also helps an instructor to assess the understanding of his students. In order to assess whether students have understood the content of the material they are given to study, the instructor asks questions about the topic. The responses of the students help him to know the Bloom’s taxonomy level at which his students are (Gunning, 2010). For example, the true-life story concerning the 9/11 attacks on American soil has facts as well as propaganda in it. The students might have completely understood the facts in the story, but may be yet to comprehend the propaganda associated with it. It is only by asking post questions that the instructor is able to tell what the students have understood and what they have not. The instructor can then use what the students have comprehended to help them understand what they did not understand during the reading session. Cognitive Domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy and how it affects Critical Reading Skills Bloom’s taxonomy contains six levels in the cognitive domain that range from the recognition of context, also the simplest level, to evaluation, which is the most complex level. The first level, knowledge, refers to the ability of learners to remember what they previously learned in the classroom. Knowledge mainly involves the remembrance of important materials that are crucial in recalling the appropriate information.
Introduction Electronic banking is one of the most recent channels of communication used by modern financial institutions. The term ‘online banking’ also known as e-banking is traditionally defined as the delivery of bank’s information via different internet platforms so that customers could access their accounts and execute certain transactions online. Established in the mid 1990s, this method has become more important within the recent decade. At first sight, it may seem logical for banks to transfer as many activities online as possible. The speed of transactions and the cost savings potential are the significant advantages of e-banking. Therefore, according to the cost-driven and technological perspectives, by carrying out banking activities via the internet, banks can economize their resources and reap the benefits of creating a competitive advantage on the web. However, the concerns of customers’ loyalty to online banking need to be taken into account for investigating the factors driving customers to use online banking instead of offline banking and give preference to a specific supplier. Floh and Treiblmaier (2006) noted that a thorough understanding of the main antecedents of customers’ loyalty to online banking is essential for developing appropriate marketing strategies and gaining a competitive advantage on the web. Furthermore, there is evidence that a positive relationship exists between the customers’ loyalty and the profitability of a firm (Floh & Treiblmaier, 2006, p. 97). The new forms of delivering the bank’s information to customers not only offer opportunities for the customers’ retention, but also intensify the competition between different service suppliers. In terms of company-controlled interaction, by using the internet portals, banks can customize the users’ information adapting it to the individual needs of customers and encouraging them to provide feedback. On the other hand, the customer-controlled internet communication gives rise to new challenges, such as the growing need for positive branding of a particular e-service provider. The analysis of explanatory variables is required for understanding the influence of attitudinal behaviors of individual users and promoting their increased loyalty in the online context. Then, banks will be able to focus on the most important aspects of their relationships with consumers in order to strengthen their brands and achieve customers’ loyalty. Whereas the importance of customers’ loyalty has been recognized for several decades, the issue of customers’ loyalty in the online context has not been properly addressed. Luarn and Lin (2003) admitted that a thorough understanding of the main antecedents of the customers’ loyalty remains one of the crucial issues of present-day management theories. With the intensified competition in the market, the ability to develop brand loyalty in customers
Valid and accurate data and research details on victimization and crime must be primary for the comprehension of criminal acts in the U.S. Such information facilitates analyzing the quality of programs and activities of the U.S criminal justice system. White-collar crime includes any violation of law done through non-violent ways, such as omission, lies, misrepresentation, deceit, or violation of trust by a person of the firm for individual or organizational gain (Rorie, 2019). The FBI’s Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) are core data crime-related data sources. The data available under the UCR includes the classification and subcategories of white-collar crimes and possible causes of the relevant offenses (Odunze, 2019). The data available in NCVS to examine the utility of employing the NCVS to quantify white-collar crimes includes the list of white-collar crimes and their classification. Further, NCVS gathers data on reported and unreported crimes suffered by households and individuals. It approximates the proportion of every crime form reported to law enforcement and reviews the rationale that victims provided for not reporting or reporting (Langton et al., 2017) White-collar crimes are not recorded to the degree of street crime because they require comprehensive research. Street crimes are more notable since they occur in a public place, while white-collar crimes are non-violent and hard to detect. Comprehensive information concerning white-collar crimes from the two sources is essential since it assists in examining the root of such crimes and preventing them in organizations and government offices. Notably, white-collar crimes such as stock manipulation are more costly to the community than street crimes like robbery.
Introduction Two terms in corporate world that have been consistently and continuously confused with one another are leadership and management. The reason for this reasons for this are not particularly hard to point out. First, despite the fact that the two terms denote different notions in corporate world, it is not possible to succeed without the other. The concepts of leadership and management draw in identifiable personal and organizational variables that congregate at ensuring achievement of set goals and objectives (Hosmer, 1995). Second, few people understand the underlying differences between leadership and management. However, there exist a number of similarities as well as differences in leadership and management styles. Leadership and management Styles Leadership refers to the setting of a new direction or vision within an organizational set-up (Goldman and Casey, 2010). As opposed to management, leadership does not take keen cognizance on how the objectives of the new direction are to be achieved. It is primarily concerned with influencing people to take their tasks willingly and effectively. Management on the other hand refers to the efficient use of people and resources within values and principles that have been put in place (Adeniyi, 2007). Charismatic leadership or management style refers to a style in which the leader or manager takes the position of a role model and seeks to influence people and resources through personal appeal. Participative on the order hand seeks the opinion or views of others before making a final decision. The latter allows people to feel like they are part of the process. Autocratic approach of leadership and management on the other hand refers to an extreme style that does not offer any little room for suggestions or expression of opinions. Despite the fact that this style gives the manager or the leader first hand opportunity in making critical decisions and ensures that no time is wasted, it does not encourage shared creativity and experience amongst staff members. Bureaucratic style is associated with strict adherence to set down procedures. Whereas it forms one effective approach in the achievement of object
Frances Bowen, a respected academic in innovation and sustainability, once said that “to become a thoroughly good man, is the best prescription for keeping a sound mind in a sound body.” Upon reflection, I am convinced that I’ll reap handsome benefits from demonstrating goodness to both my parents ever since I was a small child. This short paper aims to illuminate the reasons why I am a good son to my parents. Firstly, at a personal level, I believe I am a good son to both my parents as I have never questioned their authority in an irresponsible manner. Although it is true that some parental control can be perceived as demeaning and dictatorial, especially in adolescence, I have always found a way to address my parents’ concerns in a mature and firm manner. When I finished high school, for example, I remember my father standing his ground that I should pursue a course that I never had an interest in. Although our arguments at home were potentially explosive, I managed to bring on board one of his best friends to make him understand that I needed to be given a chance to choose my own trajectory. Eventually, the problem was settled, and the respect I had earned from my parents still remained intact for not questioning their authority in an irresponsible manner. Secondly, I have never neglected to abide by the advice received from my parents. Personally, I believe that internalizing parental guidance is fundamental to my personal and professional growth because it is difficult for parents to mislead me as some of my friends would do. I remember one time when my parents advised me to develop a profoundly religious orientation so as to ground my life on sound values and virtues. While most of my friends were demonstrating open revolt to the advice provided by their parents by attending dance parties instead of religious gatherings, I decided to follow my parents’ advice by going to church and practice the teachings as received from our pastoral staff. The result of this undertaking is that my parents, as well as siblings, can now depend on me for moral and spiritual support. The third reason why I believe I am a good son to both my parents is grounded on the fact that I have been, and will always be, a shining star in academics and extra-curricular activities. I can still remember how happy my mother was when she came to collect my academic reports from middle-grade level through senior high school. She always went with a radiant face knowing too well that she would be called upon to address other parents on motivating students to perform better academically. Similarly, my father always accompanied me in major sports competitions, knowing that I would shine in several field and track events. To date, my parents are very fond of the photographs taken during these ceremonies, and I can tell that these priceless photographs still act as a fundamental source of happiness. The fourth reason is that I have always been there for my parents in times of need or discomfort. When my mother was diagnosed with a seve
Summary UnitedHealthcare Group Incorporated is a well-known insurance and health service corporation based in the United States. Employing over 168,000 people and providing services to over 45 million people, UnitedHealthcare is the 2nd largest insurance company in the country (McFarlane, 2019). UnitedHealthcare remains an actively growing and prospering firm with strong financial revenue. This report will investigate deeper inside the organization’s analysis. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a crucial tool that helps analyze both the external and internal environment of a company by assessing its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. SWOT analysis helps to generate numerous ideas about how a company can improve its current performance (Leiber et al., 2018). However, the method does not provide any ranking for the generated information and does provide a clear plan for using the information (Leiber et al., 2018). Therefore, SWOT analysis is usually used with other strategic management frameworks, such as gap and VRIO analyses (Leiber et al., 2018). SWOT analysis for UnitedHealthcare is provided in Table 1 below. Table 1. SWOT analysis of UnitedHealthcare. Strengths                                                                                                                                     Weaknesses                                                                                                                * One of the strongest market leaders in healthcare plans and insurance provision                                                             * High expenditures, especially for administrative costs                                                                * Significant market capitalization and company resources                                                                                     * Low forecasting capabilities and profitability performance                                                            * Offers a wide range of diverse products and services                                                                                        * Governme
General overview of the article Wilson, Mitchell, and Mackenzie (461) note that the drug courts have become an important institution through which the problems of the increasing numbers of drug offenders are solved. The study used an empirical approach to examine the impact of the drug courts on recidivism. Both quasi-experimental and experimental approaches were used in examining the impact of the American drug courts on the process of reducing future criminal offending. The article reports that the drug courts have a tremendous impact on the offenders since they aim at providing an alternative solution to the problem and avoid punishing the offenders. Statement of the problem and research question This article notes that the drug courts have increasingly become a major source of solutions to the problems of the increasing number of offenders involving drugs in the US. Since their introduction in 1989, the courts have attempted to decrease the number of individuals incarcerated for drug crimes, which has also reduced the number of individuals entering the American prison system. Nevertheless, the available information on the effect of the drug courts on recidivism is limited because only a few, if any, studies have attempted to examine this phenomenon. Thus, the current study aims at addressing this research problem. Although the article does not state the specific research question or hypothesis for the study, it is clear that the study wanted to address the question “what is the impact of drug courts on recidivism in the US?