ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Unlike macroeconomic policies that deal with aggregates of the entire economy like unemployment, inflation, and gross domestic product, microeconomics deals with the study of individual economic parts. Decisions made by households and the firms in the allocation of limited resources normally comprise the majority of microeconomic policies. The decisions affect each in a cyclical way. Decisions made by firms and consumers affect the supply and demand for goods and services. Prices are determined by the direction of supply and demand effectively determining the number of goods and services demanded and supplied. All the above activities rely heavily on microeconomic policy decisions like taxation that governments make. In the pursuit to create an all-round economy, different nations and territories have come up with plans to boost different sections of the economy like manufacturing and services. Tourism forms a critical component of the economy and nations like United Arab Emirate have developed numerous plans to boost their tourism especially through future cities like Dubai. Dubai is seeking to develop a future economy with tourism and inward investment co-existing (Page 2009). Tourism in Dubai Many factors have played to Dubai’s favor as it seeks to carry out the above-mentioned plan. Besides developing world-class infrastructures like roads, airports, and hotels Dubai has sought to develop theme led plan that includes ecotourism, sports, culture, shopping and conference exhibitions(Page 2009). Under these them
Adam Smith has once offered the idea that society is guided by the ‘invisible hand’ which helps to control and regulate it. As he stated in his Theory of Moral Sentiments, “the rich … are led by an invisible hand to make nearly the same distribution of the necessaries of life which would have been made had the earth been divided into equal portions among all its inhabitants” (Farrer, 2009, p. 142). The issue of the invisible hand is rather controversial because some economists deny its existence. I believe that the invisible hand perfectly regulates the performance of the four main functions of an economic system, even though some people reject this idea and claim that the invisible hand is invisible because it simply does not exist. To begin with, the invisible hand indeed helps to regulate the market helping to perform four main functions of the economic system. Any economic system is organized around “four economic processes – production, distribution, exchange, and consumption – and four economic functions – transforming, moving, transferring, and using” (O’Boyle, 2000, p. 74). The fulfillment of these functions is exercised through the correlation between demand and supply which is constantly changing (Sloman, 2006). The invisible hand helps to regulate demand and supply using self-interest which the consumers and the traders tend to exhibit. Smith believed that self-interest, in general, is beneficial for promoting the good in the society, which cannot be disagreed with and which can be proven by the effect of the invisible hand on economics. For instance, due to self-interest, each consumer decides what to buy, thus regulating the demand; the producers, in their turn, are interested in meeting this demand because this will bring profits to them. At this, the market sets prices for the products making them beneficial for the producers, the consumers, and the development of the market. Each actor, being guided by the desire to reduce expenses and increase profits changes supply and demand balancing it at the same time. Thus, each of these actors, aiming to maximize his/her profits, contributes to the profits of somebody else. However, there exist criticisms to Smith’s theory of the invisible hand. For instance, Joseph Stiglitz posited that the invisible hand either does not exist or is palsied for the market is always inefficient and quite often requires government correction (Skousen, 2003). Though Stiglitz denies the influence of the invisible hand on economics, he still supports Smith’s idea that the actions of indivi
Introduction Because of the specific understanding of death which Alvarez suggests same to the reader, passing away does not seem the same mournful event anymore. The peculiar philosophy of the author makes the reader imbue his/her mind with the idea of passing which death is in Alvarez’s vision. Unless one comes through a tunnel of losses and sorrows to the final stage which implies transition to the other dimension, one will not be able to unlock the universal wisdom of life. According to Alvarez’s philosophy, losses are inevitable; moreover, the author persuades that these are integral parts of our lives. Enriching people’s should and minds with another portion of the experience, losses make people stronger and wiser; perhaps, losses even help people to evaluate their lives better. Considering a loss as a chance to take a closer look at ourselves, Alvarez interprets the old idea of drinking the honey and throwing away the bee, applying it to people’s subconscious and suggesting to make it a people’s life principle. Something Scarier than Death: Why People Fear Losses? Despite the European tradition to mourn the people who are leaving this world, Alvarez claims that death is not merely rotting in a coffin. This allows her to stretch the idea of death to grasp the notions which relate to the feeling of mourn. The pain of loss can come even more tangible than a wound, shifting the pain of physical suffering somewhere in the background, Alvarez says. Contrasting the blood spilled during the notorious revolution, she contrasts the wounds of the fight on the battlefield with the wounds within people’s souls. The latter proves to be the most painful and dangerous, Alvarez warns. However, she also claims that this is the pain that can be stifled: “I don’t know how it happened that my cross became bearable.” (200) Since people saw the purport of their unceasing battle, their hearts could not help aching for their families and their country. Feeling the fire burning inside them, the people managed to keep their struggle; otherwise, they would have ended up in a cowardly surrender long before. Butterflies Which Slowly Pass away: Making Memories Fade into Nothing Despite the pain and the suffering which the book is shot through, the story persuades that pain takes people one step closer to victory. Making the readers feel the pain of the losses with every inch of their skin, Alvarez deliberately takes them through the hellfire of her characters’ life and finally drives them to the obvious conclusion: pain motivates people to act. If the world knew not what a loss or death is, people would have never climbed this high: And I see them all there in my memory, as still as statues, Mamá and Papá, and Minerva and Mate and Patria, and I’m thinking something is missing now. And I count them all twice before I realize–it’s me, Dedé, it’s me, the one who survived to tell the story. (321) One of the most touching passages from The Time of the Butterflies, this passage can answer a lot of questions. Dede, counting the losses which the revolt brought to his life, a
The modern-day economy is impacted by the globalization trends that impose extensive interrelations between countries in terms of resources, finances, and workforce. Within the context of gender equality, women are disproportionately exposed to the negative impacts of economic globalization. The concept of globalization incorporates complex processes and depends on a variety of interrelated factors. As the case study presenting the lives of two people, one from South Africa and one from Peru, shows, women are burdened with household responsibilities associated with the struggles of economic, social, and political nature (Everett & Charlton, 2013). Indeed, globalization implies the openness of resources of different countries and the integration of them into international corporations. In other words, global economic systems incorporate multiple countries or regions. As a consequence, recessions or crises impact the whole system, exposing all the constituents to financial burdens (Burn, 2011). Women described in the case study manage the economic challenges imposed by globalization. The concept of gender also directly applies to the discussed issue. Maria and Jennifer have primary responsibility for the life and economic safety of themselves and their families. However, they encounter particular difficulties in aligning their responsibilities with the social and political structural expectations of their respective countries. Women in Peru, for example, do not commonly own land and earn money, which is why Maria was exposed to a complex system of interventions required to document her rights to work on her farm (Everett & Charlton, 2013). Similarly, in South Africa, women like Jennifer experience underpayment and suffer from financial instability. As Burn (2011) states, it is a common reality of globalization’s impact on women, when they are employed in low-paid jobs and cannot obtain equal payment with men. Moreover, the jobs women obtain are predominantly insecure and do not provide relevant economic and social stability. Another important aspect of globalization is that it contributes to women’s discrimination in the political sphere. In both regions, Peru and South Africa, females have fewer rights as per influencing legislature, than men. As the statistics from Peru and South Africa demonstrate, women have a much lower percentage of participation in education, economy, and politics than men (Everett & Charlton, 2013). The two women from the case study share the same inequality in the political sphere. Their requests are unheard of, and their needs are not sufficiently met. This fact implies that women have less influence in modern globalized economies. Consequently, it is difficult to maintain households and provide for families when the head of the family is a
Current Strategic Mission, Strategy, Competitive Priorities, Value Chain, and Ways to Win Customers Strategic Mission and Strategy As for now, The Lawn Care focuses on producing grass seeds and fertilizers of the highest quality, thus outperforming its competitors. The strategy has remained unchangeable – the focus is made on constant improvement of the quality of manufactured seeds without paying attention to post-selling services. Still, the stress is laid on offering “the right product to the right customer at the right time” (Collier & Evans, 2015, p. 88). It is the company’s vision that has never been altered. Under the right customer, the company has always seen golf courses and parks because their demand for grass seeds and fertilizers is steady. Competitive Priority Competitive priorities are operational dimensions of supply chain and operations that are necessary for satisfying both internal and external needs of a company (Jitpaiboon, 2017). In general, there are five types of competitive priorities – time, cost, quality, flexibility, and innovativeness (Pablos, 2017). As for now, quality (improving the product) and time (timely delivery of the ordered product) are the central competitive priorities for The Lawn Care. Value Chain Value chain is a unique combination of all resources available to the company (both internal and external) that are necessary for achieving its strategic objectives. It includes financial, human, infrastructural, and informational resources possessed by a particular company (McGuffog, 2016). At the same time, it incorporates all activities and operations performed by a company to create a valuable and desirable product (Kidoido & Child, 2014). As for now, The Lawn Care’s va
It is challenging to deny the fact that the Civil War had a significant impact on the American nation and medicine. Lan mentions that the initial outcomes were adverse, and they resulted in many deaths. Thousands of people died because of poor medicine quality and the inability of health care providers to cope with various wounds and infections. That is why I agree with Lan, who states that the Civil War gave rise to the development of American medicine. During the beginning of hostilities, hospitals and ambulances were almost nonexistent (The Civil War, efficiency, and the sanitary impulse, 1845-1870, 2001). Here, Lan emphasizes that the tragic event under consideration implied positive results because it created medical establishments. Furthermore, the Sanitary reform also was significant because it contributed to the fact that Americans started drawing more attention to their living conditions and the quality of medical service. At the same time, Nicole also describes some positive outcomes that the Civil War created. Firstly, she explains that the war resulted in the reconstruction of the health care industry. That change “would set an example for sanitation and public hygiene” (The Civil War, efficiency, and the sanitary impulse, 1845-1870, 2001, p. 191). Secondly, I agree with Nicole’s statement that the war and its consequences allowed people to understand germs, viruses, and bacteria. This fact would make it possible to prevent various diseases. Finally, one feels it challenging to deny Nicole’s idea that the Civil War made the health care industry open for women. Thousands of nurses did their best to take care of injured individuals. Thus, the students’ discussions above prove that the Civil War, one of the most tragic events in American history, had some positive effects on the medicine of the nation. Reference The Civil War, efficiency, and the sanitary impulse, 1845-1870. (2001). In J. H. Warner & J. A. Tighe (Eds.), Major problems in the history of American medicine and public health: Documents and essays (pp. 159-195). Houghton Mifflin.
Irony is a literary tool that is used to depict the situation in which a speaker’s intention is different from that of reality. In Hanging Fire, Audre Lorde provides a story of a teenage girl who has many troubles in her life related to her skin and a boy. At the first glance, it seems that the girl is just telling about her concerns and have some difficulties in identifying her feelings. Yet, when analysing the poem deeper, it appears that the girl’s biggest issue is her mother and the absence of communication with her. As such, the irony of this poem is that girl is trying to falsify her troubles and concerns, while the initial problem is her mother. This is why the girl keeps telling “and momma’s in the bedroom with the door closed.” Here, “door closed” signals that the girl’s mother is not paying attention to her daughter’s problems and that the daughter is constantly looking at the mother’s side, seeking help and support. I think that the irony, demonstrating how issues of the girl are directly related to the mother’s relationship with her is, used effectively. This is because the poem looks like simple description of a typical girl with low self-esteem. However, in the reality it shows how lack of attention and communication form the parents’ side may harm the well-being of a child. The irony clearly depicts how some issues of people can be driven from their relationship with parents. Specifically, the girl is confusing about her feeling towards her body image and her lover due to lack of attention, love and support from her parents. Emotionally unavailable mother is destroying her daughter’s self- perception.
Introduction Nurses should utilize various approaches to build a connection with each patient. As medical professionals encounter different people in their practice, it is vital for them to understand how to approach patients in regards to their gender, age, and socioeconomic factors. For example, women’s health is often linked to pregnancy concerns, and older people’s increasing fragility is another critical aspect of their lives. The present essay discusses the health of a 16-year old white teenager who is currently pregnant. It is known that the patient lives in an inner-city neighborhood which means that she may face some financial barriers as well. One should address health risks connected to adolescence, pregnancy, and peer pressure for the patient, for which the framework of HEEADSSS can be used. Patient’s Potential Health Risks The patient faces many health risks that are connected to her gender, age, and pregnancy. First of all, she is an adolescent, and young people encounter many challenges. These may include increasing concerns about body changes, relationships with friends and parents, romantic and sexual needs, bullying, substance abuse, and pressure from school (Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon, & Stewart, 2015). Furthermore, the patient is a female which means that these issues are followed by risks of pregnancy, menses’ complications, hormonal changes, and disorders that appear after puberty (Ball et al., 2015). Next, the patient may live in an environment that may encourage tobacco and alcohol abuse as well as limit her access to healthcare. Finally, the patient is pregnant – this factor significantly affects women’s health, especially if they are as young as 16 (Friebert, Callaghan‐Gillespie, Papathakis, & Manary, 2018). The combination of these aspects creates significant risks for the patient that should be acknowledged. Risk Assessment Instrument One of the major risk assessment tools that target multiple problems of adolescent health is HEEADSSS. This tool includes questions about “home environment, education/employment, eating, activities/affect/ambition/anger, drugs, sexuality, suicide/depression, safety” (Ball et al., 2015, p. 17). This instrument may help one to collect primary information about the young patient’s health. Firstly, HEEAD
Security in Cloud Computing Systems vs. Non-Cloud Computing System Cloud computing is a new technology that has attracted huge attention from all sectors (Shaikh & Haider 2011, p. 214; Shaikh & Sasikumar 2012, p. 4). In non-cloud computing system, data owners have direct control over their data hence they are able to physically administer data security. In contrast, in cloud computing, data owners are unable to trust the cloud since the technology is located away from their trusted sphere. As a result, the likelihood of data loss or leakage is high (Bhayal 2011, p. 1). In non-cloud computing technology, sensitive data stored in a computer is encrypted by the owner to prevent unlawful access. In contrast, in cloud computing, the cloud provider encrypts customer’s data before it is stored in the cloud. Nonetheless, even the most effective encryption method is susceptible to hacking. Therefore, the third party auditors (TPAs) are commonly used to establish trust between auditors and data owners as well as ensure integrity of client’s data stored in the cloud. This implies that TPA can turn out to be the weakest link and result in data loss or leakage (Bhayal 2011, p. 3). Therefore, whereas data integrity in non-cloud computing can be monitored by data owners, this is not the case in cloud computing because data integrity check in executed via TPA, an intermediate link which is susceptible to security risks (Garber 2011, p. 21; Bisong & Rahman 2011, p. 30; Wang et al., 2002, p. 1). Additional security requirements for cloud computing systems Confidentiality The cloud computing system is currently offered on public networks. Consequently, the technology is more susceptible to attacks compared to those offered in private data centres (Zhou et al., 2010, p. 107). Cryptography and physical isolation are the two primary techniques used by cloud providers to ensure data confidentiality. Since cloud technology is provided on a public network platform, network middleboxes (i.e. packet filters, firewalls) and virtual Local Area Networks (LANs) can be installed to realize virtual physical isolation. Data confidentiality in the cloud can also be augmented by encrypting data before storage (Zhou et al., 2010, p. 108; Wang et al., 2011, p. 282). Data integrity There are several techniques that can be adopted to secure data integrity in the cloud. For example, Zetta system is a storage service that ensures data integrity. Zetta system uses Redundant Array of Independent Nodes 6 (RAIN-6) for main data hosting services and lends credence to data integrity. RAIN-6 can restore bit errors and drive failure that may arise from memory corruption, power shortages and network malfunction. This data integrity attribute is realized via data placement by means of node stripping (Zhou et al., 2010, p. 108). Digital signature is also used to test data integrity. For instance, HDFS and GFS typically split data in bulky volumes into smaller blocks. Digit
It should be known that Tata Tea is a large multinational. As a matter of fact, it is the second largest manufacturer of tea. On the other hand, it also distributes tea around the world. All along, the company has been growing to enter into new markets for long term sustainability. It was founded in 1964 but it has been making forays in foreign markets in recent years. The extent of the company’s investments in foreign markets has been made through various brands. In this case, they are distributed differently depending on the location (market) that has been targeted. Currently, the company is the largest brand in Canada and United Kingdom. In addition, it is the second largest in the United States. As a matter of fact, the company has set up different subsidiary companies in a number of foreign markets. An example of this initiative can be seen from the way it has entered the Pakistan market. As a matter of fact, the company made a 100% acquisition of Tetley Tea of the UK in 2000. All in all, it is in an acquisition mood and this can be demonstrated from the way it is warming up to Russia. The company has been planning to double up its investments in the next five years and this is commendable. For instance, it acquired Tetley Group in the UK for £271 million. Tata Tea has been making direct investments in the ownership of tea plantations. To make it sustainable, the company has come up with a $ 7.8 million equity investment that is expected to take care of other investments. The size of the company’s investments has been increasing as time goes by and this can be explained from the fact that it has operations in all continents. Tata Tea is the largest company in volumes (in India) and this has been replicated to foreign markets. As a matter of fact, the company has been looking out for any viable acquisitions to expand to other markets around the world. In 2007, it made more than 5 acquisitions in different markets. An example is the acquisition of Eight O’ Clock Coffee Company in USA that was valued at $220 million. It should be known that Tata Tea has made investments of more than $ 20 billion in recent years and this seems to be bearing fruits. The company has been strengthening its global operations to accelerate growth. As a matter of fact, it has been driving functional excellence to gain enough synergies. Most of its investments have been made for long term sustainability and this is good for growth. Tata Tea’s nature of investments can be said to focus more on acquisitions as a way of entering into new markets. From the 2009/2010 annual; report, the company has launched its operations in the Middle East and this is good for business. In addition, acquisitions have given it entry into the Russian market. Tata Tea operates in over 40 countries and this has given it the market presence that it needs for profitability and long term sustainability. To enhance its operatio