ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The short report reveals about the possible risks that affecting the computer system in terms of data loss and malfunctioning of programs. By taking simple precautionary measures the unexpected hazards can be completely eliminated. The most significant preventive measure is timely backing up the data. The other involves physical safety and installation of anti-virus programs. One factor to be kept in mind is that without proper physical safety no data is safe, as the hardware parts including motherboard, processor, and storage system constitute a computer brain. Once the brain gets damaged the whole system is collapsed. Introduction Normally people never think of taking precautionary measures until they experience individual loss or feel the bitterness of unexpected disasters. This may also happen in most of the cases regarding backup processes against possible risks involved in information loss. There is no use of running after the data, which has already been a lost or taking bleak effort to regain it. But one has to be vigilant regarding the backup process by learning from the drastic experiences of others. If one realize about the importance of information stored in the system and feel the perspiration to create and process the data associated with it, he will never let it go by silly causes. Firstly he would concern about the protection of information by all possible ways. This short report reveals about the possible risks involved in data loss and the ways to eliminating those risks. Possible Risks to the Data There are several risks, which cause the data in the computer to vanish or to corrupt. Therefore different backup processes are to be adopted to protect data from different risks. Only a few numbers of backup processes are capable to handle all the risks and protect data loss. Here is a short description about the commonly seen risks to PCs. Hardware Failure It is termed as the most significant risk that may affect the data storage system. If a person is well aware of hard disk failure he never forget to backup the data timely. Disk crash may lea
Introduction The death penalty has been a largely debated form of punishment in the U.S. since its inception. The law supporting this unkind and unfair sentence was thus, put under scrutiny and consequently several death sentences were either overturned or could only be carried out on proportionate grounds by the supreme courts heralding a new era in the criminal justice system of the US. The legal arguments for this decision made by the higher courts were cited in line with the 8 th amendment that called for the exclusive considerations on several factors that mainly touched on racial disparities, age of a convict, proper evidence that can incriminate the accused persons, respective human rights action plans against such people, satisfactory judgment delivered either by unanimous decision or a majority of votes by the judges and so on (Burns 1). Age The Supreme Court made a decision based on the 8 th amendment to relook into criminal cases viewed as cruel or unusual, and instead provided an alternative favorable form of punishment. Most death sentences were slashed down to life imprisonment, leaving only deserved cases as death sentences. For instance, some states were forced to repackage their judicial laws after realizing that the judgment commonly delivered never materialized particularly when the cases involved were referred back to the supreme courts, which in turn, after careful hearing, overturned the rulings in favor of the accused. This occurred in cases that were considered to lack the 8 th amendment thresholds for the death penalty. These circumstances made several states to re-enact laws governing the death penalty, which was a major concern to the supreme courts’ contradiction to the imposition of death sentence arbitrarily. The application of such fair trials justifying the subsequent sentences handed down by the supreme courts began from the year 1972. This was after the capital punishment was found to be unconstitutionally biased and cruel. An exception to this is in cases where sentences were delivered after considering the extra routine endorsement. The cases and the respective judgment on the death penalty jurisprudence handed by the supreme courts entirely depended on the moral significance culpable by the law and factors of discretion (Head 1). The Supreme Court in accordance with the laws governing the 8th amendment decided that death penalty for a minor is a harsh kind of penalty. This is supported by the fact that in a 5-4 court ruling, it was labeled unconstitutional when any convict at the time of committing the crime is below the age of 18. Thus, it is morally incorrect to implicate children who commit crime in relation to adults who has acted in the same way since their respective intentions cannot apply together. Example of such ruling involving a minor was a criminal case for Christopher Simmons who was sentenced to death but later overruled; Case, Roper v Simmons. Another example of such case in which the age of a convict was contested involved a 15 year old at the time of committing the crime. William Thompson was sentenced to death after being convicted of murder.
In the world of feminism and the movement feminists, fairer sex in their role in militarism has taken a deep subjective thought in the context of its gender and the turmoil of the battleground. Feminist movements echo the subordinate and torturous women in the military actions, whether they were part of the actions or not, and secondly, if we go by essentialist feminists, their role in the war front itself is embedded in their role as being feminine. Their equal position in the war front and combat battles is giving ample room to the tortures and rape yet again conform to their conventional role of being a woman. In the following essay, I will trace the essentialist feminists and their juxtaposition to the extent of their deep thoughts and activities toward the militaristic attitude and the changing perception of women in the militarism set up while on the other hand getting exposed to the dangers, risk of rape and exploitative attitude. It is seen in the context of the perception of women in their role in militarism. It is said, “What could be more profoundly gendered than a space said to contain nothing but men, than an activity described as performed by men only,”(Pettman 1996: 146) but the unfortunate part is the complexity implied in the decision of bringing woman- a bearer of a child into the verge of the war-torn zones. Their whole debate moves around connections between masculinity and militarism, and between militarism and citizenship. The United Nation’s Organization for women while confirming its opposition to the draft says that as per the draft women are equally liable to join and perform their duties. They emphasize that women’s continuous separation from the rights and responsibilities and exposure to the extreme d
Introduction Sex and violence are often portrayed in literary works, especially those works that have been written in the middle of the 20 th century. The matter is that this period is known as that of racial and gender discrimination; in those times women and non-white people were significantly restricted in their rights and freedoms. Tennessee Williams was quite successful in the depiction of these themes in his works. His A Streetcar Named Desire and The Glass Menagerie are two plays in which female characters are portrayed as weak and dependent on men. A Streetcar Named Desire begins with placing emphasis on the lower position of a woman, Stella, as compared to a man: “Stella … a gentle young woman, about twenty-five, and of a background obviously quite different from her husband’s” (Williams 2004, p. 4). The Glass Menagerie, in its turn, opens with Tom telling about himself in a rather self-confident tone: “I have tricks in my pocket, I have things up my sleeve … I give you truth … I turn back time. I reverse it” (Williams 1999, p. 5). This allows distinguishing common themes in these two plays. A Streetcar Named Desire and The Glass Menagerie abound with female characters, such as Blanche DuBois, Stella Kowalski, Eunice, a Negro Woman, A Mexican woman, a prostitute, a nurse, Amanda Wingfield, and Laura Wingfield each of who is depicted as a weak helpless woman dependent on the male characters in some way. Female Characters and Their Dependence of Males in A Streetcar Named Desire Blanche DuBois as a woman of no dignity Though Tennessee Williams’ play A Streetcar Named Desire is full of interesting female characters, there is one character that attracts readers’ attention from the first lines. This is Blanche DuBois, a fading woman, who is still attractive and is able to use her own sexuality in order to become happier. Richard Gray (2004) admits that this character is constantly struggling for a new life, the life that can make her more desirable, more interesting, and more valuable for the society she lives in. However, her approaches to achieve the desired purposes are a bit strange and even fallen. This character may serve as the brightest example of female dependence on males, their services, and their care. She seeks male sexual admiration in order to comprehend her own sense of self-respect, self-esteem, and her power. Blanche sincerely hopes that her beauty and abilities to attract men are the key to her satisfaction and the desirable escape from poverty. She does not believe that her skills, her awareness, and her diligence may be helpful as well. She does not find it necessary to think about other kind of assistance except the male’s one. Such passion and dependence lead to negative and terrible outcomes: being raped by her sister’s hus
Founded in 1870, the American Correctional Association (ACA) remains one of the revered organizations with over 200,000 members or stakeholders (The American Correctional Association, 2017). Some of these members include staff from different correctional facilities, experts in the criminal justice system, public representatives, social workers, and human service professionals. The association has attracted several agencies in order to focus on the unique issues and challenges affecting the realm of prisons and corrections in the United States. The ACA takes up leadership roles in an attempt to transform correctional policy. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the ACA’s impact on prisoners’ rights and the wider field of corrections. Impact on Prisoner’s Rights The ACA has been on the frontline to support the rights of many inmates and prisoners in the United States. Injustices in the American criminal justice system are not new. Past studies in the country have indicated that minority groups such as Latinos and African Americans have increased chances of being victimized within the criminal justice system (Siegel & Bartollas, 2016). Such injustices and malpractices have affected the outcomes of many people especially those in underserved communities. These injustices occur from the moment a victim is arrested and incarcerated. It is also agreeable that the country’s Constitution provides specific rights, liberties, and freedoms to every offender (The American Correctional Association, 2017). The ACA has therefore been on the frontline to ensure such liberties are available to every offender. The association has been liaising with different departments, policymakers, and the police to ensure arrested individuals receive fair trial. This process is embraced in order to reduce chances of incarcerating a citizen who has not committed a crime or offense. Another unique objective of the ACA has been to monitor the criminal justice process. Speeding up the judicial process is something that has been influenced by this agency (Siegel & Bartollas, 2016). Consequently, more people are currently able to receive timely and fair sentencing procedures. In order to achieve this goal, the association collaborates with legal experts and attorneys. Consequently, the strategy has made it easier for juvenile and adult prisoners to get fair trials. The association presents adequate strategies to promote the efficiency of correctional efforts and services across the nation. The current level of cooperation has led to a stronger correctional services system in the country. For instance, the increasing number of community-based programs and rehabilitation facilities can be attributed to the endless efforts of the ACA. These facilities are used to rehabilitate individuals who are on parole. More often than not, many offenders are paroled before completing their sentences (Conrad, 2016). This approach has made it easier for more offenders to pursue their goals in life. The actions of the ACA have gone further to devel
Today, women have been able to create a discriminate position for themselves in a hitherto man dominant world. They have done wonders in various fields, like flying across the Atlantic, swimming across the English Channel, being part of the coveted Space Shuttle, being elected to the highest post in a government, etc. But this was not the case a few years back. Women were oppressed and were not as privileged as they are today. The reforms in the condition of women can be stated to have started from the year 1968 onwards, when women were freed from the political and social restrictions and were allowed to vote on matters concerning the nation – in Switzerland. This was the first step by women to traverse the social barricades. There was a subsequent uprising across the Western world where the role of women in the society was given a new dimension. This revolution is termed as ‘Sexual Liberation’. The word ‘sex’ should not be misinterpreted for the actual meaning but on the contrary, sexual liberation means a complete change in the perspective in which women were looked upon in the society; especially the Western society. There is one organization that did splendid work towards creating an environment of equality for women’s in all fields. This organization was formed in 1966 and was called the National Organization for Women (NOW). ‘NOW’ tried its best to bring women into the mainstream of the society. During the years, more women came under the fold of ‘NOW’ and by the year 1978 its membership crossed the 100,000 mark. But despite all the achievements and the work done by various organizations and individuals, there was still one area where women were still oppressed, and this was the work place. This was one place where women were not able to get their due reward or position. This happened because of a trend, called glass-ceiling, being followed in the corporate world. The word “ceiling” depicts a kind of barrier for the progress of women and the word “glass” is used as an adjective for ceiling because as glass in invisible (transparent), the barrier is also invisible. This glass ceiling acted as a barrier for women to attain higher posts and higher salary slabs. By the year 1980, the revolution that had started with a simple cause of attaining the right to vote, had taken a mammoth shape and it became a battle of recognition. Following is a brief time-line of important events pertaining to the sexual liberation that took place between 1968 and 1980: 1968 – Miss America Beauty Pageant witnessed a protest from women. The reason for the protest was that the pageant portrayed women as objects of allurement and beauty. 1971 – The concerned authority approved the bill pertaining to the equal rights for women. 1972 – The bill was approved by the Senate as well and was validated and executed by the states. This was a big triumph for the women. 1973 – Abortions were legalized during the judgment process of a case. This further boosted the morale of women. 1973 – Anti rape laws came into being which defined rape as a criminal offence. 1975 – In a typical rape case, the victim was discharged of charges of murdering the rapist. The mu
Introduction Accountants and other finance professionals are needed to develop a business organization that ensures the delivery of quality products and superb services. Without a doubt, this great demand for top-notch professionals is felt to a greater degree in the context of the banking sector, as well as key industries within the United Arab Emirates. The importance of accountants and finance professionals is seen not only in the necessity to develop a competitive advantage over other companies, but it is also manifested in the need to comply with accounting standards. Just like the rest of the globally competitive firms all over the planet, UAE-based corporations are also compelled to follow the IFRS framework or the Financial Reporting Standards. Corporate leaders’ use of the IFRS framework is strengthened by the application of other methods that enhance the reporting process. The end goal is to ensure the profitability of the organization and prevent the negative outcome of poor financial accounting. To hire highly qualified professionals that will serve as accountants and company regulators it is imperative to create the best strategy to attract and retain them through an effective hiring mechanism. It is also important to be mindful of the development of learning institutions that help shape the skills of accountants and finance professionals. The proponent of this study attempted to present an overview of the requirements of UAE-based firms when it comes to hiring accountants and finance professionals. Literature Methodology The presentation of facts was made possible by scouring the World-Wide-Web and following leads genera
After the development of individuation during the period of the Renaissance, the majority of political thinkers developed their theories based on the individual’s relationship with economic factors. Among the most prominent of those thinkers were Rousseau, Hegel, Marx, Mill, and Kant. In the following paper, the way these outstanding political philosophers addressed economical factors in their theories will be discussed. The development of the concept of individuation became an important point in the evolution of political thought after the Renaissance. Individuation is a complex notion that has its implementation in a variety of sciences including political science, biology, medicine, psychology, and many more. In politics, individuation is characterized by having a row of important elements including:  1. continual development of a studied unit,  2. gradual transformation development of a studied unit,  3. prematurely interrupted the development of a studied unit,  4. forward-looking development of a studied unit,  5. scholasticism. Among them, the most important elements are gradual transformation and the continual process of development as they consider different phenomena subjected to individuation from the most varied angles. After the development of the concept of individuation in politics, numerous specialists incorporated different factors, shedding light on the progress of social and political relations. Below, the way incorporating economic factors contributed to the advancement of political theories will be di
Introduction In everyday life, people are faced with various frugal challenges and issues that demand technological solutions. To that end, our team at the university was assigned to design and develop a device to provide a technological solution to any of life’s challenging problems. The options included designing a device for cooling laptops as they experienced heat surges during their usage. Another idea evaluated by the team involved designing a device to provide a constant supply of electricity to any electric device by focusing on wireless network technology. Specifically, the laptop was the area of interest as it is a portable device that places demands on the user to charge its battery once it runs dry. The idea could tap on signals through the network and convert them into electricity. However, the idea received little enthusiasm from the group as it was identified to be technically infeasible, and placed limitations on being exploited to its full potential. It also was an idea in the corridors of undeveloped technology. Therefore, it came with serious technological challenges and limitations. Perhaps the cost of accessing the network and network coverage were also limiting issues. However, based on a thorough evaluation of a number of other options not listed here and the idea of a solar powered charger, the group settled on the design and development of a solar powered charger (SPCP). The idea could be beneficial to battery powered devices that are small in size and do not place huge electricity demands for their functionality. Problem Statement Today, the world today is awash with products that lay demand on the use of electricity in all their functionality. Devices used to produce electricity to satisfy consumer demands vary from diesel powered engines to solar powered devices. mechanical devices, particularly diesel powered generators lay undesirable demands on the environment in terms of their disposal once they reach the end of their lifespan, emissions to the environment particularly greenhouse gas effects, and their size that makes Therefore, a lot of demands have been placed on the environment in terms of pollutants generated from mechanical devices in generating electricity. Mechanical disposing wastes and the devices for generating electricity are not portable hence cannot be carried around with ease. Consider a person travelling from one point to another of the globe; it could be impracticable and inconv