ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Each industry or company operates within a given society. The survival of the company or business depends on how the society which includes the customers and the stakeholders and the community at large. Therefore, corporate social responsibility has become an essential component which is used to engage the society. Through the formulation of corporate policies, companies are able to carry on with their operations in a sustainable manner. Corporate social responsibility can be defined as the commitment by firms to behave in an ethical manner in fostering economic development. In addition, firms contribute to the improvement of the life of its workforce, the community where in which its located and the entire society (Sims, 2003). Chili’s Grill & Bar Restaurant is US multinational corporations operating in the Hotel and Restaurant industry. The company deals in casual dining. It offers a mix of grilled American dishes in approximately 1,500 locations globally. It has been widening its operations in the recent times (Richard & Associates, 2009). Chili’s Grill & Bar Restaurant – Corporate Social Responsibility Policy Sustainability in business calls for a clear policy that guides the corporate social activities of that company. CSR covers a number of key issues as described by European Commission policy on CSR. The policy says that for firms to fulfil their social responsibilities, they must integrate social, ethical, environmental, and human rights issues and concerns as they carry out their operations. Firms must also foster cooperation with their stakeholders (European Commission, 2011). Most operators of the restaurant business have become aware of the needs of the modern consumers. Therefore, restaurant operators, Chili’s being one of them take a lot of caution on the social and environmental effect that their firms have in the places where they operate. The reputation of companies nowadays is often pegged on the opinion of consumers in relation to the social conscience and responsibility of the firm in question. Consumers look at a number of things that the company engages in for instance humanitarian or charitable activities, employee treatment, ethical trade deals and concern about the environment. Majority of consumers in the modern economies are aware of social responsibility and the reasons why firms have to undertake it (Richard & Associates. 2009). With operations in more than 25 countries globally, the firm in the UAE is rated to be among the firms performing well in the market. The firm actively engages in SCR activities through a number of activities that it takes part in which are guided by its CSR policy. Chili’s policy on corporate Social responsibility touches on almost all the areas that are most vital in CSR. These include charity work, involvement in environmental conservation efforts and sustainable development initiatives, good treatment of its workforce and the general uplift of the community through a range of promotional
Introduction Hospice care is an organized system that offers proficient, reliable, and empathetic services to people with compound, persistent, or life-threatening conditions. The system focuses on reducing suffering, improving quality of life, and creating chances for spiritual and personal development. Hospice or palliative care is offered through a joint endeavor of an interdisciplinary team with patient, caregivers, and relatives as the core stakeholders (Kastenbaum, 2012). The care should be delivered simultaneously with disease-modifying treatment. Palliative care comprises sympathetic and active treatments, which are designed to support and relieve a patient, relatives, and other involved parties. Requirements for Hospice Service For one to be admitted for palliative or hospice care, s/he has to meet a number of requirements. First, a physician has to certify that a patient is suffering from a chronic or terminal illness. Besides, “the patient should have a diagnosis of at most six months if the illness takes its ordinary course” (Lynn, 2001, p. 927). In addition, a patient should have not acquired pre-election palliative services or made a palliative election in the past. A patient who cannot do most of his/her daily chores without assistance is also eligible for hospice services. In some cases, people suffer from illnesses that deter them from walking, cleaning, or feeding themselves. Such patients depend on family members to be taken care of during the time of sickness. Hence, it is imperative to enroll patients for hospice services in a bid to allow family members to attend to other responsibilities. Barriers to Hospice Services Hospice services are popular across the world. Nevertheless, a lot needs to be done to overcome obstacles to hospice services. One of the primary barriers to hospice services is education (Lynn, 2001). Patients, health practitioners, and families are not aware of the advantages of hospice services. Moreover, they do not understand the requirements for hospice services. Many regard hospice institutions as a home for terminally ill patients. Hence, they do not take their patients to the institutions, thus denying them an opportunity to benefit from health services that hospices offer (Lynn, 2001). Another barrier to hospice services is communication. It is hard for even medical professionals to initiate a conversation about hospice. Consequently, many doctors hold back the topic of hospice services and prefer to talk about it after they try all available alternatives. Doctors fear that talking about hospice may discourage a patient. Therefore, patients do not access hospice services since they do not know about their existence. Hospice care has numerous enrollment policies,
Introduction: Locke and Burke, Together at Last Even though much time has passed since the XVII century, putting the names of Locke and Burke in one sentence already seems quite provoking, as if two rivals have been seated at the same table. Despite not being as known by the modern population as his opponent, Burke was also quite influential with his ideas at the time, and these ideas were quite conflicting with the concepts offered by Locke. Taking a closer look at the ideas which the two philosophers expressed, one can possibly find a golden mean in their arguments. Foundations of Political Authority: Where Power Rests Every state needs certain regulations to be based upon, and these regulations are to be provided by the people standing at the helm of the state. Without a decent political authority, a state cannot exist, which Locke and Burke both understood well. Offering their interpretations of what an ideal political authority must be like, they provide the ideas which, of collided, appear to be the exact opposite of each other. Locke’s equality ideas, revisited A true Liberalist at heart, Locke focused his idea of state power on the concept of freedom and equality, which tossed the philosopher into extreme liberal ideas. As Mack explains, Locke positioned personal freedom as the primary goal of every citizen, as a specific the law of nature. Therefore, according to Locke, political authority should emerge only when there is an urge to use its power: “The motivating idea of state of nature theorizing is that we can determine what the purpose and proper extent of political authority is by seeing what sort of problems would beset us in the absence of all political authority” (Mark, 2009, 23). Burke: the power of the opposition In a sharp contrast to Locke’s free-spirited and somewhat anarchist moods, Burke displayed the desire to establish strong and down-to-earth set of laws and regulations based on monarchist ideas. It is quite peculiar that Burke not only exercises the principle of natural right – he takes it to another extreme: “it became an exclusive criterion for the legitimacy of any political power whatsoever” (Parki
This article is a quantitatively researched paper, which examines concepts of corporal punishment and the main underlying factors that have primarily contributed to the acceptance of the vice among societies. The research has been conducted by a well-known author in Sociology (Emily Douglas), from a well-known academic institution namely Bridgewater State College. Other researches on sociological issues by the author include the examination of divorce education programs for parents in Maine and New Hampshire, public opinion in Maine about child abuse and corporal punishment, the relationship between violence socialization, and attitudes about corporal punishment (Research, 2009, p.1). Content of the Article The paper analyses very critical issues of corporal punishment from a cultural perspective using data collected from college students from varied cultures. It measures culturally based experiences on the articulation of corporal punishment, and the main determining factors that cause the approval of the vice. The paper examines concepts of socialization both within and outside the family and their influence on people’s attitudes on corporal punishment. In addition, the article examines the impacts of corporal punishment on later developments in adult life (Douglas, 2006, pp. 23-30). To understand corporal punishment, the research considers previous findings on corporal punishment, although it lacks enough supporting literature on the issue. The author of the article uses information collected from international dating violence members on perceptions of corporal punishment. The article uses different methods to analyze data collected namely, SPSS and multi-level modeling. About Title of Article Concepts of corporal punishment are many and choosing the right topic for research on the issue is very important. Not only does corporal punishment affect students, but the entire society. People, human rights bodies, and other governmental bodies dealing with sociological issues once have discussed the issue hence the importance of selecting that reflects the practice in the entire society. The article topic clearly illustrates the concept under study, and further, it defines its major concern. It reflects the independent and dependent variables, whereby the former is culture’s impacts on socialization and the latter is a variation of corporal punishment. In addition, the title defines the content of the article as a comparison of corporal punishment approval during childhood and adulthood. Generally, the title was chosen by the author of this article demonstrates the main concern of the research, hence logical connectedness. Problem Statement As Chris argues, research problem statements should give
Background Scientific inventions and innovations have resulted in better transport and communication systems. The improved systems have facilitated globalization. Globalization is a process of integration of social, economic, and political ideologies into a global network; the term is used to refer to developments that facilitate cooperation among world nations in different spheres. The rise of globalization can be traced after the end of Second World War, when politicians and economists engaged in vigorous planning aimed at breaking trade barriers among countries thus promoting interdependence. The Bretton Woods Conference is seen as the first world conference with the aim of laying down international commerce framework; the international monetary fund (IMF) and the World Bank were formed to control the flow of trade in the globe. According to Manfred, 2003, globalization and international trade operates under the paradigms of comparative and absolute advantages; the writer goes further and indicates that globalization is likely to solve world’s economic and social challenges (Manfred, 2003). However, an article in the British Broad Casting (BBC) news board posted on 7 February 2008 challenged the effects of globalization; the article suggested that it has widened the economic gap between the poor and the rich (Schifferes,2008). Businesses are affected by economic, political and social trends in their country/countries of operation; business decisions are the drivers of an organization. This paper discusses how globalization has affected managerial decision making in modern contemporary business environments. Modern contemporary business environment, globalization and managerial decision-making With the economic integration, the flow of factors of production and businesses has been facilitated; improvement in information and communication technologies and transport networks has an impact on modern business environments. Businesses can now venture in different parts or can transport their goods and services effectively; with globalization, the markets have been enlarged and at the same time, different players have entered into business in different countries. The quality of decisions that leaders of an organization make in the realm of globalization will determine whether their organization will suffer from globalization or it stands to gain. Managerial decision-making is a continuous practice through which managers forge strategies in their organization or arrive at the best alt
Assumptions refer to the things that a researcher might take for granted in the research process, yet they are very important, as far as the success of the research is concerned. In this case, a researcher makes statements suggesting that certain elements of the study are factual, but in the real sense, they are not. In many studies, a researcher ensures that an assumption is made about the theory being investigated. Apart from the theory, the researcher makes assumptions about the phenomenon, the research instrument or tools, the method, data analysis method, the study population, and the outcome of the study. When a researcher writes the theoretical groundwork of the study, he or she assumes that the foundation is sound. Based on the above description, assumptions would be understood as conventional cause and effect interaction, which means that they are estimates of the reality (Kirby, Goodpaster, & Levine, 1999). This is very different from critical thinking, which refers to objective assessment of statements underlying existing viewpoints with a view to measure their accuracy and authenticity. This process would authenticate or annul the beliefs. Prior knowledge is one of the features associated with assumptions, which interferes with critical thinking. An individual is tempted to belief that he or she knows something because of the past encounter. This might encourage an individual to employ a defective strategy in tackling an issue. In critical thinking and problem solving processes, an individual
Long before I came to an educational program dedicated to theology and the study of Christianity, my worldview was based on the duality paradigm. For me, this meant that the whole world could be divided into good and bad people, believers and atheists, men and women. I believed that this system of Hegelian opposites fully satisfied the world order, and any deviations could be seen as a side of the philosophical struggle. In this system of views, I regarded Evil only as a response to Good. In other words, a good person with pure intentions truly represents the Good, whereas a person full of anger and aggression is their opposite. I have always believed that Evil is transcendent in nature and is initiated by the individual’s sinfulness. Thus, in my former view, there was the idea that each of us is initially empty, but over time we accumulate experiences that can be positive or harmful. Negative ones cause a person to become embittered and get bogged down in sins. I am genuinely convinced that my previous point of view has the right to exist, but soon after studying various theological models this semester, I realized that I was no longer prepared to adhere to it. More specifically, with a study of Erickson’s writings and a more in-depth and thoughtful reading of biblical texts, I realized that God is the Creator of all that has been designed and is being built in the world at all times [2]. This is the critical knowledge that led me to believe that Evil itself is not the opposite of the Divine Good. It follows that Evil is a Divine outcome, which means that evil intentions and actions have a purpose for the world. For me, the world still remains differentiated into Good and Evil’s moral categories, but the driving forces and motives for these phenomena have been transformed. Good and Evil are no longer extraneous, unrelated entities but are instead divine tools for human development. When I think of Evil, I like to refer to the New Testament, which speaks of the Christian’s desire to rely on God, who can reward justice instead of sinful human vengeance [3]. Another biblical message that I previously misinterpreted is Timothy 4:18, which affirms the Creator’s ability to deliver us from Evil [4]. Now with my new system of theological thinking, I acknowledge that God’s ability accurately defines His authority over the whole world, and therefore Evil, as well as Good, is His will.
To begin with, this is objectively one of the most important bills among recent ones that is taken into the legislation process. This is due to the fact that from the very beginning of the increasing tendency of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) widespread, people who became infected by this illness are not only physically but also mentally destroyed. Moreover, when turning to the young generation, if a person became ill at a heavy stage, then the medical expenditures for this individual will only rise, while the cash flow to the government, imposed through taxes and insurances, immediately stops. As a result, this issue influences many spheres of society’s life, such as macroeconomics and medicine. A brief description of the bill using bullet format:   * Type of the bill: Federal.   * Bill Number: H.Res. 461.   * Title: Commemorating the 40 th anniversary of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.   * Purpose: While in the USA, over 770,000 individuals with AIDS have died from the onset of the HIV pandemic, around 16,000 fatalities of those diagnosed with HIV in 2018 (H. Res. 461, 2021)   * Intended group/population: The whole population of the United States, especially those who died or who are ill owing to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, their close friends, and family circle.   * The possible outcome is determined : One of the most significant theoretical impacts of implementing this bill into the governmental healthcare system is that it encourages significant and sustainable investment for HIV-impacted regions, and HIV-diagnosed individuals, in the U.S. and abroad to prevent the widespread of the illness and provide more qualitative health and treatment services, research programs (H.Res. 461, 2021).   * The main legislative sponsors are Barbara Lee, who is the primary sponsor, and 7 other original sponsors: Nanette Barragán, Bobby Rush, Janice “Jan” Schakowsky, Paul Tonko, Karen Bass, Ami Bera, and David Cicilline. In addition, all of them are Democrats, and overall, there were 34 votes in total, while 33 of the voters were Democrats, and only one was the Republican party representative. When discussing the main reason for selection, it is important to note that this problem concerns all of the world’s population, and the risk exposure
Introduction Mathematics is a very important subject because knowledge of this subject acts as a foundation for effective learning different subjects and also to be happy and successful in normal life as knowledge of mathematics especially arithmetic is required in our day to day life. However, mathematics has long been perceived as a difficult subject. This perception is not mine or something that needs support from any research work done in this area, though much work has been done. Mathematics is perceived as a difficult subject by a vast majority is something that is accepted as universal truth. There are many reasons but it is not difficult to appreciate why it is so. Once a child is born he encounters simple sounding words like mama, papa, baba etc. Once he grows he comes to know that he needs to write these words as well and there are some symbols (letters) corresponding to certain sounds. This is generally not so difficult for him/her as this comes in as a natural learning process and is repeated in daily life continuously. Learning of verbal subjects (symbols, combination of symbols, structuring of words and grammar) is, therefore, is not so difficult at least to the level one needs in everyday life because this is something one learns from the very beginning and continuously and also, there is no hard and fast rule for the correctness or otherwise. One can go ahead even if he sounds a particular word in a somewhat different manner or speaks a couple of grammatically incorrect sentences for a very long time by the time he realizes his / her mistakes and corrects the same to a great extent. However, it is not so with mathematics. Counting is not something that a child is taught, it comes much late and writing the numerals is something that comes still later. Once he starts writing a number he finds that each symbol has a corresponding word in the vocabulary, that is alright but not so easy are the rules to combine the numbers and added that there are many complexities like place value, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and a new one coming by the time the earlier one was learned/memorized. Also, unlike in the verbal domain, where someone was responding to him/her once he/she said mama, papa etc. there is nobody to respond to when he/she goes on telling 10, 20, 25, etc. So the numbers are not as natural to him/her as were words. This is what acts as differentiating factors – where so many variables creep in. The first one is the cognitive ability of the child. Whether her brain was wired to be comfortable with numbers or words or both – nobody knows the answer at that stage but teaching continues in a manner set for everybody. As the teaching process is customized from the very beginning itself causes so many troubles and incorporates so many negatives in the attitude of the child towards the subject, which generally goes on amplifying with every passing day in his / her life and therefore, it is not surprising that there exists a widely held pe