Introduction Leukemia refers to malignant neoplasm of blood forming tissues characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes. The common term for leukemia is cancer of the blood (Kearns, 2011). Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a blood cancer that develops due to excess production of lymph cells in the body. Lymph cells are granulocytic leukocytes that normally make up a quarter of the white blood cells count but increase in presence of infection. The bone marrow produces blood cells and houses the lymph cells. Acute lymphocytic leukemia is the cancer of the blood and the bone marrow. Leukemia cells are quite fast in attacking blood, and the disease spreads to other body parts rapidly (Kearns, 2011). Examples of body parts that are highly susceptible to attack by leukemia cells include testicles in men, spleen, lymph nodes, liver, as well as the brain and the spinal cord. Lack of hurried treatment for this type of leukemia upon diagnosis is very dangerous, as it spreads quickly to these body parts and turn incurable within a very short period. During the diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia, cancerous lymph cells are easily identifiable in lymph nodes and the bone marrow, where both red and white blood cells are produced. When the bone marrow reduces by 25%, and the size of lymph nodes increases due to invasion of cancerous lymph cells, then an individual has leukemia (Kearns, 2011). Discussion There are various types of leukemia depending on location of body cells attacked, the speed of its growth, as well as strategies applied in treatment and management. Acute lymphocytic leukemia often attacks children and adults (Kenderian and Litzow, 2013). Effective treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children produces better results compared to adults. In understanding acute lymphocytic leukemia, it is important to know how lymph and blood systems in the body work. The bone marrow produces immature blood cells that grow into mature blood cells. These cells can develop into lymphoid stems, and bone marrow stems that produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Platelets are tiny bits of protoplasm found in vertebrate blood, and are essential for blood clotting. White blood cells develop out of lymphoid stems (Advani and Lazarus, 2010). Three types of lymph cells exist, and play different roles. B lymph cells are responsible for production of antibodies essential in helping the body to deal with infections. T lymph cells assist the B lymph cells in production of antibodies. The final type of lymph cells is natural killer cells whose role in the body is to nullify the effect of cancerous cells and germs in the body (Kenderian and Litzow, 2013). The three types of cells apply as leukemia cells. When the bone marrow produces too many immature cells that later fail to mature, the body becomes highly susceptible to acute lymphocytic leukemia. High number of leukemia cells in the bone marrow and blood limits the ability of the body to produce white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells, which are essential in providing immunity against body infections (Advani and Lazarus, 2010). Diagnosis and Symptoms of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia entails identifying the nature, cause and predisposing factors to the co