ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the wake of modern globalization processes, the value of the business and its capabilities to adapt and revise the approaches cannot be underestimated. After all, the role of cross-cultural interaction and cooperation has been one of the factors enhancing the development of a globalized economy. Hence, the cultural side of international business appears as a significant asset to the establishment of the global business network. This essay will discuss the past and the present of international business, the importance of global leadership for the economy, and the supposed characteristics of a successful international manager. In the second half of the 20th century, countries like Germany and Japan demonstrated rapid economic growth during the post-war reconstruction. The cultural aspects of their economies were not the last on the list of reasons for success. Therefore, as Bird and Mendenhall (2016) note, foreign businessmen have begun to borrow their behavioral models, for example, “kaizen, kamban, and just-in-time” from Japan (p. 2). However, closer to the end of the 20th century, globalization tendencies required not only borrowing but also adapting to the intensively growing global market. For this task, it has been necessary to consider the views of both the common public and the specific nations. As Bjørge (2014) notes, the cosmopolitan view is the most fitting cultural phenomenon for the process. After all, the organizations have had to both effectively deploy workers of various cultural backgrounds and adjust to the culture of consumers worldwide. Hence, international cooperation became inseparable from the cosmopolitan ideals of cultural diversity. Main body As a result, the said transformations inevitably affected the structure of global economics and the economies of separate countries. Moreover, they created a demand for international leadership, which would transcend the boundaries of national culture and economics. Such a phenomenon has been able to open new possibilities for management growth. As Meyer and Peng (2016) mention, global leadership tactics have allowed the Rolls-Royce company to expand its markets and cooperate with the USA and Germany in engine modernization. Similarly, the impact of leadership has managed to overlap with several other modernization trends. According to The global information technology report of Baller, Dutta, and Lanvin (2016), the digitalization of modern economics has remained both the object and the subject of influence for global leadership strategies. In other words, leadership in the context of globalization actively interacts and influences more of the contemporary tendencies. However, one cannot forget that the specifics of the culture should be carefully considered for leadership management. For example, according to Tuleja (2014), dealings in China are affected by t
Introduction The proposed project on men’s regular health examination is critical. The project requires proper duration and timely planning so as to accomplish its mandates. This necessitates suitable budgeting techniques, instant funding provisions, periodic evaluation, and a comprehensive observation of ethical provisions. Developing a project timeline The timeline for the activities recommended in this project will adhere to structured schedules (Schwalbe, 2006). Evidently, men should attend regular medical checks. Hence, the activities set to accomplish this desire must be within the set timeline of the project. The proposed schedule for this project will consider the activities to be executed, responsibilities, start date, and the end date of each project. This will ensure that the project is completed with little or no hindrance (Roberts, 2011. For instance, the activities for developing this project commenced at the beginning of October 2012. These activities were to ensure that the prospected men’s medical checks occur in time (within the scheduled start date and end date). Other prospected activities include contacting the local radio stations to arrange the meeting, develop ideas for radio programs, discussion of the proposed ideologies, and confirmation of partnership provisions with the selected radio stations (Gido & Clements, 2009). Activity                                                                 Responsibility                                                        Start date           End date             Project planning                                                         Organizing the project schedules                                      October 1 st , 2012  October 20 th , 2012 Identification of stakeholders                                           Knowing the approximate number of the targeted groups                 21/11/2012           25/11/2012           Discussion of the proposed ideologies                                    Acquainting stakeholders with the project requirements and benefits.  1/11/2012            8/11/2012            Develop ideas for radio program                                          To publicize the project                                              9/11/2012            14/11/2012           Radio station meeting to discuss ideas                                   Acquaint radio presenters with the provisions of the project          15/11/2012           16/11/2012           Confirmation of partnership provisions with the selected radio stations  Confirming the commitment of the selected radio stations              20/11/2012           27/11/2012           Project execution
The study by Nielsen et al. (2012), “Realizing sustainability in facilities management: A pilot study at the Technical University of Denmark,” focuses on the issue of integrating the existing sustainability parameters in the intended facilities. The background for the research study is provided by the case overview of pilot sustainability management. The outcomes of the practical analysis provide a consistent foundation for the future guidance of sustainability characteristics in program management of different facilities. The improvements, which have to be introduced so that the research findings could be considered reliable, concern the extension of the investigated case studies. Thus, the work is based exclusively on one pilot case description, which imposes certain situational limitations on the results of the investigation. Consequently, it is recommended to align the research study with some additional explorations of sustainability principles. If the general platform for facility-dependent sustainability management is developed in relation to the multilevel integrating challenges, the stakeholders might receive a consistent framework for the realizations of sustainability principles in FM. An elaboration of the standard FM design assists professional research managers and organizations in the process of secondary sustainability development (Pelzeter 2012). Specifically, it opens up the opportunities for measuring, monitoring, and processing the fundamental indicators in sustainable facility management. The benefits, which can be drawn from the operational procedures, may be verified against the benchmark indicators of FM success. The research groups, which supervise FM performance accomplishments, own the benefits of the investigation outcomes. They are equally responsible for delivering any operational changes to the systematic FM platforms. The representatives of research groups might develop some compulsory and optional alternatives for the FM verification. Additionally, the results may be assessed by the customers, who use the systems. Despite the clients can not alternate the benefits of the FM schemes, they can recount their experiences to the research groups, which introduce appropriate modifications. The research paper by Hart and Milstein (2003), ‘Creating Sustainable Value,’ targets the creation of a common shareholder value, which defines multidimensional performance sustainability. The research argument presupposes that the development of sustainable value implies a range of social, environmental, and economic challenges, which impose their influence on business strategies of separate firms. The fundamental limitations, which hinder the complete estimation of the research benefits, regard the fact that a majority of businesses embrace multi-dimensional opportunities for value sustainable development instead of multilevel models. As a result, a range of manage
Introduction The massive exploration and developments in the world of medicine have given human beings the power to rescue people from a wide-range of life-threatening situations more than before. Through these discoveries, several diseases can be managed, even though some of them were known to be killer infections in the past. Besides these possibilities, other developments in medical technology have also made it possible for doctors to sustain and prolong the life of the sick. Oftentimes, this sustenance occurs yet physical and mental well-being of a patient may not be restored under any medical procedure (Quill, 2012). In such cases, the conditions are usually irreversible and the pain experienced by the patient cannot be controlled. This leaves the life of the patient in the hands of physicians, who may choose to discontinue life-support procedures or maintain the patient up to the last minute. There is need to legalize assisted suicide in order to deal with rising cases of people suffering from terminal illnesses, who endure unnecessary pain before dying. Pro Assisted Suicide It is doubtless that the every human being has the right to live and enjoy life to the fullest without termination. Based on this, it is a criminal offense to end a person’s life, even when the patient has requested to be put to death. In promoting the dignity of a person’s life, it is equally important to consider the need of enhancing dignified death among patients, suffering from terminal illnesses (Quill, 2012). Why should suicide not be considered as a crime yet assisting a terminally-ill person to die is seen as a criminal offense? While this debate has raised a lot of controversy based on the ethical implications and violations of human rights, assisted suicide has countless benefits to the patient, family members, physicians, and the government. Regardless of the conditions of a person, it is imperative to appreciate the fact that people have the free will to decide what to do to their lives without causing any form of harm to others. Of great significance is the fact that this right allows one to terminate his or her life, without being pressured by any external forces. In other words, a person who requests to be put to death should be granted his or her plea without any form of pressure from a friend, family member or physician (Quill & Battin, 2004). Even though a number of people may be willing to terminate their lives because of various health problems, some conditions make it impossible to die in an honorable manner. It is therefore essential that such people should be granted their wish to die once they call upon a physician or family member to assist them to die. Besides responding to the pleas of the sick and assisting them to die, it is worth noting that human beings have a duty to relieve other people from pain and ensure that their dignity is respected throu
Introduction Gender inequality is increasingly becoming a global issue with heated debates from across the board. Initially, only church groups, NGO’s and women rights activists were concerned with issues of gender inequality. In recent years, the United Nations has been making efforts to include gender issues in its activities. This topic is critical since gender issues impact societies resulting to other related social issues, such as domestic violence, suicides and divorce among others. Gender inequality is among the issues that restrict American life. Gender inequality in the US determines who is to be in the kitchen and who is to sit in the White House. The US is far down the list of nations that elect women. In fact, study indicates that it splits gender roles compared to average democracies. This is evident considering that African-American men were given the right to vote fifty years before women of any race. Women were denied the right to mark a ballot for centuries. Organizations and women rights activists have been making effort to ensure that gender equality not only favors the economic welfare of women, but also extends to social stereotypes that regard women as inferior to men. This study seeks to explore issues related to gender inequality to demystify how the existing policies impact the welfare of women in terms of economic opportunities and social stereotyping. Hypothesis: Women
State Laws and Regulations Internship Requirements The key requirements for New Jersey applicants include two major educational steps. On the way to the counselor’s profession, the individuals will have to earn a Bachelor’s degree in Counseling (the best available option) or any other specialty that is close to Counseling ( Counseling licensure in New Jersey , n.d.). These other specialties may include Social Science, Behavioral Science, or Psychology. Future counselors may also be interested in Social Work education or a degree in Human Services. The second step is to get admitted to the Master of Counseling program. The individuals will be required to obtain the certification from the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). These two steps frame the internship requirements and are in full compliance with the legal statutes of the State of New Jersey. Supervision If the counselor is keen on working as a supervisor, several requirements should be fulfilled. First, future supervisors should work under supervision themselves. This is needed to attain sufficient hours for the professional license. In this case, the educational level is the key factor that impacts the state of affairs. The applicants are required to have 4.500 hours if they received a Master’s degree in the area. In case if the appl
Conventional Banking In the industry of banking, risk is one of the most common and inherent aspects; moreover, risk may come in a variety of forms and thus presents a serious challenge to the personnel involved in the maintenance of the banking operations (Hong Kong Institute of Bankers (HKIB) 2013, p. 4). One of the most frequently encountered types of risk is known as the operational risk that appears in the form of a financial loss resulting from the failed operations process caused by a mistake made by an employee, a system, or coming from the outside environment of the bank (Chaudhuri & Ghosh 2015, p. 8). Operations Risks in Conventional Banking Operational risk occurs as a result of failed or faulty internal processes (systems and people) and external factors (legal procedures) (Chaudhuri & Ghosh 2015, p. 8). This type of risk is faced by different types of conventional banks – traditional ones (such as Well Fargo), full-service banks (such as JPMorgan), and investment institutions (such as Goldman Sachs) alongside all the other kinds of banks (Perez 2014, para. 2). The vast majority of operations carried out by the bank employees on a daily basis are vulnerable to operational risks; the most common examples of these risks involve an incorrect order entered on a trading terminal or a check that was cleared incorrectly (Perez 2014, para. 3). The complexity of operational risks and their adversity for the banks and financial institutions is presented by the fact that they can occur in all types of operations run by all the banks’ departments (information technology, treasury, investment, and credit) (Perez 2014, para. 3). Strategies That Banks Implement to Mitigate Operational Risks Risk is defined as the occurrence of events that are opposite of those anticipated that produce an adverse impact on an organization; in turn, risk management is the process of mitigating the dangers that a conventional bank faces (Kozarević, Nuhanović & Baraković Nurikić 2013, p. 180). When it comes to banks, their major risk is the loss of finances. The process management of the operational risk has a cyclical nature and can be presented in the form of a model comprised of four major steps – identification of risk, its assessment, treatment, and monitoring (OeNB 2006, p. 23). The first two steps are focused on determining the potentially dangerous operations or the most likely threats and evaluating their severity level; these procedures are habitual practices for all the financial institution and are implemented on a regular basis similarly to a health check of the organization (OeNB 2006, p. 24). In addition, the current thinking on this issue had resulted in the creation of Basel II regulation that outlines a set o
Event management becomes increasingly popular in the world, presenting a full range of services for creating corporate and mass events. Depending on the goals and nature, the following types of events can be distinguished: competitions, seminars, fund-raisers, ceremonies, celebrations, sports events and musical performances. The approach to event management proposed in the works of Getz and Page (2016) and Jones (2017), who adjust the principles of project management. The event management implies the planning, direction, and control, being considered as a project with a high level of complexity, time, personnel and financial constraints, as well as the uniqueness of the task with the given parameters (Kim & Cuskelly 2017). Human resources (HR) is an integral part of event management as it involves a lot of employees, mainly volunteers as the temporary workers during such events as the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, CATF-China International Agricultural Trade Fair and China International Hardware Show. At mega-sports events, volunteers take part not only in the organisation but also create a favourable positive atmosphere for the event, gaining experience in organisational and communication activities. Kim and Cuskelly (2017) assume that the key purpose of the volunteers is to accompany the athletes, referees and guests of the championship, assist them in hotels, the airport and arena. In addition, the important tasks facing the volunteers are to help IT specialists, medical workers and support the work of the call centre. The main motives for volunteering during events are the satisfaction of their social and spiritual needs. Elaborating on the motivational framework by Bang and Chelladurai, Wang and Wu (2014) consider that the expression of values is complemented by patriotism, personal growth, career orientation, interpersonal contacts and extrinsic rewards. Taking into account that Shanghai is the place for worldwide events, many volunteers are also attracted by the opportunity to become a part of it rather than merely helping people. Among the key problems faced by event management HR, there is a high level of turnover, which is largely caused by the temporary nature of work and a great number of people involved. According to Phi, Dredge and Whitford (2014), the situation is completed by the problem identification difficulty due to a variety of actors that participate in event management. Based on Q methodology, it is suggested that the following categories have varying interests: the Skeptics, the Middlegrounders, the Materialists and the Supporters (Phi, Dredge & Whitford 2014). A lack of awareness creates additional issues in determining conflicts between event contributors, making HR to seek for solutions in a multiple-actor policy setting. The current evidence shows that significant attempts are made in the field of managing sports events, focusing on volunteer perspective. Yu, Xue and Newman (2018) regard a strategy of the value shop as the most appropriate one to be used as dominant value cre
Introduction There has been increased technological development in the business world over the last couple of years. Technology has revolutionized most business activities, making them easier to carry out and more efficient. Among the technologies that have been in use for most businesses is the barcode technology. This is used in managing inventory for most organizations, especially in retail chains such as supermarkets. This technology together, with the supply chain management technology, has helped in revolutionizing the food retail industry as well. A barcode is attached to an item and is represented in a manner that it can be read by an optical machine to give information related to that item. Data represented on barcodes is usually linear or can be referred to as one dimensional, although this has undergone evolution to make it possible for 2- dimensional (2D) data presentation (Kato, Chai & Tan, 2010). This kind of data has helped in increasing the efficiency of supply chains as well. However, as technology advances, the use of barcodes is now being replaced by the more advance data identification technology that is referred to as radio-frequency identification (RFID). This essay focuses on how RFID can be used in the food industry, how it can impact business, as well as the global trading patterns in the industry. Radio Frequency Identification Radio-frequency identification refers to the electronic devices that are attached on items and can be used to read data related to those items. RFID is important in that it helps in identifying and tracking objects on which it is attached (Zach, Ellefson & Sullivan, 2013). The information that is electronically stored in these tags is read by or through the use of radio-frequency electromagnetic data. RFID can be used for a number of purposes, but basically its main objective is to track data. One of the purposes that it can be used is similar to the use of barcodes. It identifies an object and gives information about that object. The RFID is scanned in order to get the information that identifies the object. RFID is the new technology that is being used on retail chains to track information about items. It is an advancement of the barcode technology. RFID has the ability to help in inventory management, as well as increase the efficiency of supply chains. RFID can be used to improve the food business industry. In addition, it can also be used to positively impact global trading. Globalization refers to the integration of economies of different nations in the world, and RFID can be useful in facilitating this integration. One of the major factors that can lead to the development and growth of a country’s economy is to ensure that business operat
Introduction Numerous incidences of gun attacks in public places raise questions regarding the responsibility of individuals, institutions and law enforcement agencies in mitigating the impacts of gun violence. In 2007, a shooting rampage in Virginia Polytechnic and State University (Virginia Tech) caused the death of 32 people and inflicted injuries on many people after a gunman unleashed terror on unsuspecting students and faculty officials. Law enforcement officials identified the shooter as Seung-Hui Cho who was a senior student at the institution. The massacre began with Cho shooting two students at a dormitory. Later, Cho went to the classroom building where he shot indiscriminately at students and faculty members. After killing 30 people, Cho killed himself. The Virginia Tech Massacre raised controversies concerning the factors that contributed to the shooting rampage. The key issue entailed the lack of stringent measures on gun control, which allowed easy access to the guns used in the massacre. Another issue was the extent of the institution’s responsibility concerning the occurrence of the massacre. An analysis of various actions of Virginia Tech in response to Cho’s shooting spree illustrates that the institution contributed to the occurrence of the massacre. Evaluation of Virginia Tech’s Responsibility in the Massacre When the shooting started in the dormitory, the institution’s authorities did not