ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Summary In her book, White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide (2016), Carol Anderson develops an argument regarding the ongoing fight over racial equity. The central ideas are drawn up in the context of a historical survey of concentrated political and legal efforts to mitigate black American achievements toward justice. By integrating a set of historical research on sequential eras of the United States history, the author profoundly guides a reader through the key documented events concerning and initiates a critical conversation about race. They include the Reconstruction period, the Great Migration, Brown v. Board of Education and Jim Crow, the “war on drugs,” mass incarceration, and the contemporary voter suppression measures following Barack Obama’s election to the presidency (Anderson, 2016, p. 4). Therefore, White Rage serves as an essential correction to the common narratives of sustained United States progress in establishing racial justice and also plays a role of a handbook examining the nature of structural racism itself. Critical Ideas of Injustice White Rage (2016) is a significant resource for justice-minded American communities, which aims at developing an efficient strategy for reinforcing the struggle for equity. The primary goal of this book review implies identifying the three most important ideas of injustice delivered by Anderson and analyzing them from the perspective of the victim. One of the most powerful insights provided in the book implies that the issue of white rage and white backlash is a recurring problem in American society. This issue is deeply investigated by Anderson (2016) starting from the Civil War, the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision, and, most importantly, throughout its progression with Barack Obama’s ascent to the White House. More specifically, there is a perpetual white reaction to every action of African-American advancement. The author attempts to substitute broader surveys of court decisions and regulations with a more specific analysis of individual cases. The second crucial idea is based on the systematic white supremacy and the general subtleness of the issue. To be more specific, Anderson (2016) argues that white rage is a subtle and corrosive phenomenon, which operates through the state legislatures, Congress, judiciary, and school boards, and covers behind the legalities. Thus, it is necessary to trace the white rage throughout time. Most importantly, the author emphasizes that the presence of Black people is not the trigger for white backlash, but the presence of black people with ambition, drive,
Abstract Language is a very important tool of communication, and it becomes even more effective if well mastered. Therefore, for ease of communication with people from different cultures, acquisition of a second language is paramount. This paper will discuss the process of learning a second language including the good language learner strategies, classification of the learning strategies, strategic instructions attempts and the style and strategies-based instructions combined. Generally, strategies and procedures to apply in the learning of a second language should blend well with the learners needs in order to provide the expected outcome. In addition, the learning process of a second language will be based on three classifications of learning strategies including the function-based classification, skills-based classification, and the learning and use-based classification. All these classifications provide varied but equally useful outcomes in the acquisition of a second language. The paper will conclude by highlighting the strengths of learning procedures and strategies in acquisition of English language. Introduction Second language acquisition is the process that involves learning of a second language, which is different from an individual’s first language or mother tongue. Second language acquisition usually involves learning the art of writing or speaking another language. Since learning a new language may be quite difficult, it is usually important to have a goal or purpose for studying a second language; this may include to enhance practical communication or for civilization into the culture where that language is spoken (Lamb & Reinders, 2008). This paper will discuss second language acquisition in relation to English language. Language Learner Strategies According to Dörnyei (2005), language-learning strategies refer to various specific means, procedures, actions, and techniques including behaviors and steps use by individuals and students to promote their own learning. On the other hand, language acquisition strategies may be viewed as the awareness and conscious styles and procedures used by individuals and students to learn a new language. Generally, strategies are the methods that an individual consciously selects and uses in the process of learning the language; this is in addition to the use of materials that aid in the learning process of the language in question (Dörnyei, 2005). Moreover, Johnson (2004) is on the opinion that the interaction with environment rather than an inherent aspect of a leaner mainly influences second language learning. The student and individual’s selected learning methods, procedures, and strategies should always go hand in hand when combined in order to promote the learning process. Normally, many people find it difficult to master a second language if they are not subjected to the environment that demand such learning or if a second language was not complemented with learning first language early in life (Robinson, 2002, p.95). It is always important that learners use the best strategies accordi
There has been a trend across corporate America of promoting financial officers to CEO. What are some advantages and disadvantages of this practice? The trend of promoting CFOs to CEOs is a relatively recent one. It began in 2014 and went on in full-force by the end of 2016 when many newspapers and financial analysts started noticing this widespread trend (Wilkinson, 2016). The reason for that is the uncertainty of business climates and the effects of economic crises that hit the world in the past few years. Companies and corporations are aiming to “play safe” and avoid unnecessary risks. While CEOs are known for coming up with daring ideas and charismatic leadership, their goal is to win. The goal of a CFO is not to lose. A CFO in the position of CEO knows the company’s financial flows and can organize the company to minimize spending and playing it safe. They are excellent for the position if the company seeks to maintain its position through hard times. However, having a CFO in a position of CEO has its disadvantages. CFOs are often without leadership skills and are poor at motivating people. Besides, they have a tendency of retaining control and concentrating power, rather than delegating it to others (Wilkinson, 2016). What is your discount rate or rate of preferences? That is, how much would you pay for a promise of $1,000 to be received one year from now? Would you discount it by 10%, 5%, etc? The formula for implied discount rate looks like this (McClure, 2016): [(Future Value / Present Value) ^ (1/(years))] – 1. For a promise of 1000 dollars to be returned to me in a year, I would be willing to pay 800. If we put these numbers into our formula, the result would look like this: [1000/800 ^ 1/1] – 1 = 0.25 Thus, my discount rate or rate of preference for this sum would be 25%. Average discount rates, according to numerous sources, tend to fluctuate around the area of 10%. However, in those situations, sums are much larger, so 10% becomes a much more sizeable sum. Giving away money to receive a negligible 10% from 1000 dollars in a year is not an appealing option, which is why I raised my discount rate for this sum. Would you ever use CAPM to make personal investment decisions? CAPM is a theory widely used in international investment communities. It is a relatively simple and straightforward tool that allows for measuring risks and calculating profits over short intervals (McClure, 2017). Studies have shown that CAPM’s linear correlation does not always work over longer periods. An investor can use CAPM to create an investment portfolio specifically tailored to their risk-reward requirements. For example, investors may invest in portfolios with a beta of the security >1 if the market is stable or is growing. Should the market situation be close to falling, they could switch and instead retain securities with betas less than one (McClure, 2017). The message CAPM sends to the inves
Product category and segment The product segment associated with Yelp application is the mobile application for single parents. The product is targeted at single parents, but parents living with their spouses can also benefit from the application. It is noteworthy that this segment is characterized by a significant degree of precision. Parents often have little time to spare, and they want to find quick and proper answers to their questions. The segment involves such categories as social networks for parents, facilities that can be helpful, data on offers, information concerning child care, and the like. The implemented research reveals an existing gap as there is no product that would provide comprehensive information on the categories mentioned above. The product category that the segment needs more than others is the application that includes the elements discussed above. One application should provide information concerning offers, facilities, tips for parents, and so on. Yelp application is the product needed to address various issues single parents face on a daily basis. First, it is clear that all the categories mentioned above are relevant for parents. At that, having (and especially buying) several apps is not convenient and can be rather cost-ineffective. Parents often have to choose which application is more relevant as they have limited funds. Besides, parents often have a lot of information to store, and their devices can simply fail to have enough memory to store several applications. Hence, an application incorporating information and services that can be found in different sources is valuable for the target population. The link to the desktop interface is also beneficial as many people still prefer using their laptops rather than smartphones. Product offering for this segment Yelp app is a valuable product within the product category mentioned above. First, it provides different types of information to parents and creates a platform for their communication and collaboration. People have accustomed to being socially active, and this active participation will be easier with the product offered as it has links to major social networks. Besides, the segment lacks certain credibility as applications available often use unreliable data. The distinctive feature of Yelp app is its credibility as the data concerning facilities, tips, and offers will be checked and verified by parents and professionals. Importantly, it is clear that single parents tend to have limited funds. The product offered will be free of charge. The profit will be made through advertising. At that, users will be able to shut advertising down if they pay a very reasonable fee (the preliminary fee is $1). The limited funds of single-parent households are central to the choice of services and information provided. For instance, Yelp app will provide information on the best offers, coupons, and sales. An important feature is associated with customers’ involvemen
Description of Søren Kierkegaard’s Work Referred as the “father of existentialism”, Søren Kierkegaard’s (1813-1855) philosophically insightful and penetrating work not only focused on the social critique of the 19 th -century culture and Christian faith within the state church but also in dealing with spheres of life (aesthetic, ethical and religious) through attacking what he perceived to be both the excessive aestheticism of Romanticism and the Hegelian over-systematization of reality (Martel, 2005). Major Ethical Theory Developed by Kierkegaard Kierkegaard has been credited for conceptualizing the “teleological suspension of the ethical”, which basically refers to an ultimate abandonment of normal religious beliefs by an individual in favor of absolute and unquestioning faith in God’s will (Williams, 2004). Owing to the fact that teleology is the belief in and study of “final causes”, Kierkegaard’s theory presupposes that moral individuals must not be bound by social norms alone but rather by actively recognizing duties to a power higher than the social norms (Martel, 2005). Nursing & Health care Practices supporting the Theory It can be argued that some of the nursing and health care practices that this theory supports include:   * Provision of spiritual or compassionate care in hospital settings to serve the whole individual in all aspects, including “the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual” (Pochalski, 2001 p. 352).   * Assisting patients to find meaning and acceptance of their own suffering in the context of terminal illnesses by affirming God’s will in whatever is happening to the patients, hence achieving spiritual healing (Pochalski, 2001).   * In practice settings, medical ethicists and practitioners stress that “religion and spirituality form the basis of meaning and purpose for many people” (Pochalski, 2001 p. 353). Nursing & Healthcare Practices contradicting the Theory Contemporary technological-based and cure-oriented models of treatment contradict this theory by virtue of the fact that they emphasize evidence and technology at the expense of absolute duty to God (Pochalski, 2001). Other nursing and healthcare practices that seem to contradict the ethical theory include resuscitation, euthanasia, and compulsory treatment of patients (Butters, 2008). Sections of ANA Code of Ethics Supported by the Ethical Theory These sections include:   * Section 1.1 of Provision 1, requires nurses to demonstrate respect for human dignity particularly in the context of inherent worth, compassion, self-respect, and human rights of every person (The American Nurses Association, Inc., 2001).   * Section 6.1 of Provision 6, which requires nurses to do what is right and to internalize habits of character (e.g., compassion, patience and skill) that predispose them to do a particular activity well, with the view to enhancing the values of human dignity, well-being, respect and health (The American Nurses Association, Inc., 2001).
Nowadays people are disturbed by a variety of questions and dilemmas which have to be solved and evaluated, and one of the most burning ones is the idea of marriage. Is it really important to get married and legitimate relations all the time? Why are so many people eager to get married? And why do some people still try to avoid getting married and continue living alone or with lovers but without marriage? It is always interesting to find answers to such questions, however, it is not always possible to be sure about the correctness of the answer. This is why to get a clear idea of why people get or do not get married, it is possible to rely on some literary works and evaluate personal attitude to marriages and life in family. Works by Hemingway, Corso, and Hardy may be used as reliable sources for the analysis of marriages and their role in human life. It is not easy to comprehend why people get married: all old ideas and attitudes have already fallen away, and people are free to choose a person to marry, the time to get married, and the reasons to start married life. There are many wrong and right reasons why people should start thinking about marriage. The variety of reasons may be connected to the wrong interpretation of marriage essence. This is why, to comprehend clearly why people get married, it is necessary to analyze its essence. In fact, any marriage is a union between two people who are eager to share their lives and souls to each other and become as closer as possible. Among this variety of reasons why people want to get married, it is necessary to underline such ideas like the desire to have a lifelong partner, share this life with a person you are in love, have babies, support each other all the time, and enjoy this life together. Of course, nowadays all these reasons are not as powerful as they used to be, and many people prefer just to live together and not to hurry up to say “I DO” before family and church representatives. In comparison to the past, modern conditions seem to be softer and more convenient for people. People are free to choose and think as long as they want. Some time ago, relations between women and men were very strict and reserved. It is enough to remember the poem by Thomas Hardy The Ruined Maid , where a woman suffers from inability to comprehend how it is possible to have sex and relations with men without being married and being in love. Old rules and attitudes to marriage usually attract people’s attention. If a woman gets a chance to wear expensive clothes or jewelry like “gay bracelets and bright feathers three” (Hardy 445) without having a husband, she undergoes considerable critics and reproaches from the society she lives in. The lifestyle chosen by the character is similar to the one we live today, howe
The notion of evolution is infatuated to all thinkers. Both Bergson and Whitehead worked in the same philosophical areas and were involved in psychical research. Their philosophies are often visualized as distinct, even contradictory descriptions of viewpoint. Bergson –Bergson focuses on modern science in an intuitive but coherent way. He observed change and evolution ubiquitously. In developing his philosophy, he discriminated between matter and consciousness. His philosophy shows that while the matter is perfunctory, consciousness is ingenious, managing newer and newer situations in the process of evolution which makes wider fields of consciousness from the situations of the past. The description of God in Bergson’s viewpoint is limited, unaware of its future, not omniscient, not all-powerful, always in a weak position by the presence of matter, struggling against likelihood, finding with difficulty its next step in the obscurity of what is yet to come to it as experience. He stated that one can attain knowledge and consciousness in the future through evolution with the presence of omniscience and eternal astuteness in the deep alcoves of our own being, which we are only relating in the process of evolution. Bergson’s approach to defining evolution is under the grip of criticism. It is just a process of the life-force without an end or a purpose. Bergson mistakenly recognized the unchanging Reality with phenomenal life-force and mind which are subject to change and evolution in time. With this faulty vision, he thought that intend of evolution is in every immediately subsequent stage and not in any eternally fixed being. It is totally flawed thinking. Even God cannot destine the goal of evolution. The errors, bungling, and apparent regressions observed in life do not establish that evolution is not directed by a final aim and that it is all new invention at every succeeding stage of evolution. His spirit of life seems to be a thoughtful perce
Introduction Electronic-commerce has changed lives and its effect on the pace at which businesses are conducted all over the world today. Consequently, electronic commerce has its own pros and cons. Essentially; e-commerce is about the use of internet to conduct business which includes purchasing and selling of goods and services. It has also been used in marketing, advertisement, and public relations between people, companies, corporations and organizations. It creates awareness and provides free information to clients. It has increased awareness and has endowed better judgment to clients. The world wide website (WWW) has been used to connect the producer, supplier, consumer and the government. E-commerce is an integral infrastructure that any other banking system should inaugurate. The centrality of this project is to explore the appraisal considerations that encompass the integration of e-commerce websites in banking systems (Schneider, Gary, P., 2004). Factors to Consider When creating an ecommerce website, one should take into consideration what his business is about. This should lead one into getting a domain name. A domain name should be got by the company and should focus on what it markets or what the company is about. For example if a company sells paintings then its domain name could be www.mypainting.co.uk. Then one should obtain web space from hosting companies. Web space is space on a computer owned by a hosting company. Most hosting companies rent web space to companies that need it at a certain fee per year. Photos and images concerning the company are posted and linked. The domain name is registered online and this is done by the same hosting company (Schneider, Gary, P., 2004). While designing a website, several factors should be taken into consideration. Since most websites are designed for clients/ users it should be designed to be user friendly. The speed of accessing this website should be fast. This can be achieved by reducing the size of files, avoiding big graphics and images. Speed can also be improved by use of cascading style sheets and much of it should be put into hypertext makeup language. The web pages designed should match the pages used in advertising in the media. The technical element of writing using Java script should also be taken into account. Navigation should be made easy by consistently arranging files according to their importance and making them clear. Web accessibility is important and it should cater for people with mild problems like colour blindness, poor eyesight, blindness. There should be tools that fit all clients. Those that are physically impaired deaf & blind should have navigation tools that make accessibility easy (Rorbert, K., 1997). It is advisable to set computer re