ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Case In the case study, a patient comes to the emergency room with complaints of acute abdominal pain after eating at a local restaurant. The meal that the patient had at the restaurant is described an all-you-can-eat buffet. The pain is located in the right upper quadrant with accompanying bloating. This paper discusses the differential diagnosis, possible tests and interventions for this patient. Differential Diagnoses There are several differential diagnoses in this patient presenting with this form of pain. The likely diagnosis based on the provided history is pancreatitis. Other differential diagnoses for this patient include cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and peptic ulcers. The presentation of a patient with pancreatitis is similar to what is described in the case study (McCance, 2002). Pathological Process Pancreatitis is a condition associated with the inflammation of the pancreas (McCance, 2002). Things such as gallstones and alcoholic intake cause the inflammation of this gland. In addition, the pancreas may be affected by trauma, bacterial infections and tumors. In the case study, the patient had gallstones that were forced down the bile duct with resultant injury to the pancreas through which the duct traverses (McCance, 2002). The food intake provoked the emptying of the gall bladder with resultant injury on the pancreas. Consequently, injury to the gland led to the pain that characteristically radiated to the back. The other differential diagnoses are guided by the position of the pain. Several organs located in this area such as the liver and the gall bladder could be affected. Tests A variety of tests is available to confirm the differential diagnoses suggested by the pain that the patient describes. The tests include a complete blood count with differential counts. This particular test is helpful in showing the nature of the condition and may help show whether it is an infective process. Additionally, the test shows the level of the various blood components. The other test that is important in making a diagnosis in this patient is the assay of pancreatic amylase in the blood (McCance, 2002). A complementary assay of pancreatic lipase would also be crucial in the making of the diagnosis. Other blood tests include an assay of C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Radiological tests that assist in making the diagnosis for this patient include an abdominal ultrasound and an erect abdominal X-ray. Computed topograp
Good college education can really take you far in life. At the same time, however, some people are incredibly book smart but are clueless when they deal with the real world. Others are street smart but can’t handle anything other than what they’re accustomed to. (Donald J. Trump –Chairman of Trump university) First College education Prepare for job requirements in a constantly changing marketplace in the 20th century, a high school diploma was usually enough to assure American employers that job applicants could handle most basic functions. Most large companies operated their own internal training and development programs for recent high school graduates. A lot of Americans enjoyed successful careers, usually working for the same companies their entire lives. Recent changes in the global job market have put an end to those traditions. Very few people experience the stability of working for only one or two employers throughout their careers. In fact, most workers entering their first job today will change career paths at least seven times before they reach retirement age. With workers jumping ship more frequently, few companies can afford to invest heavily in employee development. Therefore, more employers rely on job seekers to develop their own skills in advance of joining a company. As a result, the demand for workers with college degrees has skyrocketed over the past few decades. Getting the Career Training You Need As you pursue more specific career opportunities, the requirements for entry-level positions become more complex. Many trade and technical fields require new workers to earn an associate’s degree before applying for a position. These two-year degree programs provide job seekers with critical skills in areas like nursing, technology, or business. Some jobs that require more interaction with customers and clients require bachelor’s degrees. Many hiring officers like to recruit recent graduates of bachelor’s degree programs since they possess the specific skills to perform detailed tasks and the broad cultural knowledge to relate to clients and colleagues. If you’re ready to climb the career ladder ASAP, an accelerated bachelor’s degree program can help you get those credentials faster. Second Work Experience A full-time job can prepare you for real-world challenges. Of course, not everyone can afford to invest in a full-time, traditional degree program right after high school. Lacking a college degree does not have to restrict your career choices. Many professionals start their careers in retail sales, customer service, or other positions that offer on-the-job training. Although a college degree program builds critical skills, few colleges and universities can fully prepare students for real-world challenges. Despite the substantial pressure to make good grades and to complete assignments on time, few college experiences can match the demands of a regular, full-time job. In some cases, students who don’t do well in high school can find real satisfaction in the workforce. Without the tedium of the classroom, these individ
There is no use denying the fact that one of the phenomena that distinguish a human being from the rest of the animal world is the presence of some complicated feelings, which depend on society, and values appreciated in it. In other words, only human beings have a great number of complicated codes of behavior that are established by society and determine how a person should show his/her feelings and emotions. It should be said that ethics, as one of these codes, appeared at the dawn of civilization and had been developing along with it, obtaining new features and accomplishing various functions. Nowadays, it is a very powerful sphere that helps people to interact with each other, not hurting somebody’s feelings (“Medical Ethics” para. 5). Especially vital the issue of ethics becomes for people who work in spheres closely connected with human interaction. The healthcare sector is one of these spheres. That is why it is not surprising that a great number of various ethical dilemmas appear in the course of work of any healthcare specialist. One of these dilemmas could be analyzed to understand the root of the problem better and make certain conclusions. A patient suffered from Alzheimers disease. He came to the hospital and was diagnosed with the first symptoms, such as short-term memory losses. It is obvious, that he was prescribed some treatment, however, the disease progressed and new symptoms appeared. The therapist outlined the necessity of care for this patient as his cognitive disorders developed and insisted on informing a patients family. However, the patient refused to do it and prohibited the therapist to inform members of the patients family, referring to the right of confidentially of treatment. With this in mind, it is possible to state that a certain ethical dilemma appeared. Several main ethical principles are covered by this dilemma. The first one is the principle of fidelity and responsibility according to which a therapist should establish trustful relations with a patient and respect his/her needs and demands (“Ethical Issues in Healthcare” para. 1). That is why, in terms of these very relations, a specialist has no right to inform a patients family because of trust that exists between them and a patients desire to keep a secret. However, at the same time, according to the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence (“Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct” para. 3), a therapist could not but connect with close people of a patient as he could harm himself because of the nature of his disease. He could get lost or forget his way home. Moreover, he could also be dangerous to people who surround him because of the failure of some general skills. That is why a therapist faces a certain ethical dilemma because several perspectives and principles could be applied to the situation. Finally, a therapist should also respect the rights and dignity of a patient (Larson para. 5), that is why his
Title of the Article The article by Fulmer et al (1999) is appropriately and succinctly titled. The title identifies the study population (elderly people living in their homes) and the key variable of the study, which is medication compliance. Also, the title clearly identifies the research problem; it is about an intervention that aims to increase medication compliance among elderly people living in their homes. Also, from the title, the study population is elderly people living in their homes. However, the independent and dependent variables have not been specified in the title. Abstract The article summarizes the study’s main aim, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract aptly conveys the content and purpose of the research. It states the main aim to give a brief description of the scope of the study. It also has a concise description of the research results and conclusion based on the findings. However, the key words have not been identified and defined in the abstract. Introduction Statement of the Problem The problem statement is a concise explanation of the issue (problem) that the study addresses. It helps place the research study into context and generates the research questions that the study seeks to answer. In the study, the problem statement for the study is clearly described. Background information, which has a review of relevant studies that report a high rate of medication non-compliance among elderly people, precedes the problem statement. This brings the study into context and makes the problem statement easily identifiable. Also, the argument provided for this study is persuasive. The researchers give a convincing argument on why interventions that promote medication compliance among elderly people are important. Citing statistics from earlier studies, the authors contend that the rate of non-compliance among elderly patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) after discharge is high, posing a serious health risk to elderly people living at home. As such, methods that promote compliance are important. This forms the basis for stating the purpose statement of the study. Also, the significance and application of the interventions in nursing practice is clear. The authors believe that daily video-telephone reminders of elderly people will enhance adherence to card
Introduction Heathrow airport is considered to be one of the busiest airports in the world today as it appeared to be the largest airport in Britain. A lot of passengers are traveling through Heathrow and have experienced the old facilities of the airport. However, the opening of Terminal five by 2008 recreates the airport from its facilities up to the services that it offers and will be seen for the next future years. Heathrow Airport: An Overview Heathrow airport originally starts during the year 1946. The work began in Heathrow in 1944 and was formally passed to the civil control from its military control when it began in January 1946. The airport formally opened on the 31 st of May and by that time, there were terminals and the passengers checked in on a fleeting tent of the airfield. Europa building or Terminal two was the pioneer terminal of Heathrow and the innovations regarding the facilities emerged in the year 1955. Until 1966 came, a different body called the British Airports Authority was formed as a government-owned organization until July 1987 after it was privatized. After the formation of BAA (British Airport Authority), in 1968, the airport opened another building and now it is known as Terminal 1 and followed by various expansions as the succeeding years hit. After a long public inquiry of about 46 months, a new Terminal was opened, which is Terminal 5, upon the approval of the government in 2001 (Bray, 1993). And the formal opening of Terminal five happened in March 2008. To describe terminal five, it is composed of three buildings, the terminal five mainly and another two extensions namely 5B and 5C which are connected by a mechanized transportation system. The spectacular designs of glass walls and roofs are created by a Professional Engineer and have done a lot of well-devised buildings. Building the terminal required almost sixty thousand workers and needed to remove two rivers. On the other hand, a conflict came because of having multiple airports in Britain that leads to competition. According to a source, the BAA (British Airport Authority) should dispose of three of its seven airports and the other two in London. This issue alarms the airports including Heathrow though it is Britain’s largest airport. Having seven airports to manage under the BAA prevailed that they are not responding adequately to the needs of customers and lack of initiative in planning capabilities. And this was agreed by Carrier Virgin Atlantic as they also said that owning the airports can impair the interests of the passengers. Paul Charles, who is the spokesperson for the Virgin Atlantic, pointed out that Gatwick airport has endured sufferings when it comes to the investments because the BAA is focusing more on the improvement of Heathrow airport. But for BAA’s side, the group admits that they need further developments regarding their services and claims that the proposal of the commission will not be an effective way of placin
Chap. I, Article 2 of the UN Charter is based on the principle of sovereign equality of all nations that uphold the principles of the U.N. Under this principle and within the parameters established by the Charter, U.N. member states are granted equal standing and privileges in the organization regardless of real disparities. Therefore within the comity of nations when disputes arise, which require international intervention, the letter and spirit of the UN Charter with regards to peacekeeping missions must be followed. This essay explains the Chinese perspective on the issue of sovereign equality in UN peacekeeping operations. China holds that any peacekeeping operation must respect the basic principle of sovereign equality of all nations. China believes in the Westphalian principles of territorial integrity and that such integrity must not be violated. This principle must be extended to the decision-making processes that mandate peacekeeping operations and the views and perspectives of all nations that form the UN must be taken cognizance of. During the Cold, War China felt that the instrument of peacekeeping operations was exploited as a tool by the superpowers to further their interests and not the interests of the nations involved. During the Korean War, the UN peacekeeping mandate in Korea was used as a tool to paint China as an aggressor despite the obvious dynamics of the situation. United Nations Operations in Congo (ONUC) typified US imperialism operating under the UN flag, encroaching upon the sovereignty of newly independent nations in the name of the UN. Taiwan and Tiber are issues that intensely incense every Chinese. The current progression from peacekeeping to peace enforcing can well be twisted by the Superpower to infringe on China’s internal matters concerning Taiwan and Tibet through the excuse of UN peacekeeping operations. Between 1971 and 1981, China abstained from involving itself in any UN peacekeeping operations discussions because it considered at that time the Cold war dynamics as too divisive to arrive at a real consensus. That is not to say that China does not support peacekeeping operations. It is a reality that countries in the world differ in size and larger nations have to take more responsibility to resolve issues that impinge on international stability and order. Where the cause has been just and the need to intervene inevitable, China has actively involved itself. For example in 1981, China contributed monetarily to the
The modern business world is characterized by a high degree of cross-cultural communication and collaboration. Multinationals operate in different countries, which is often associated with various challenges related to the economic, political, social, and cultural peculiarities of the host countries. The cultural aspect of doing business is often underestimated, which leads to negative outcomes such as financial and reputational losses (Garavan et al. 2017). The construction industry may be specifically vulnerable since it often involves considerable investment and the collaboration of diverse groups including but not confined to policymakers, local people, small companies, and international partners and institutions (Tijhuis and Fellows 2017). Effective communication is one of the prerequisites of the successful implementation of international projects. This paper includes a brief analysis of possible barriers to effective managerial communication during the construction of the complex in Poland and strategies to be employed to overcome these challenges. Major Barriers to Be Encountered and Effective Cross-Cultural Communication Power Distance This report is based on Hofstede’s cultural framework that is regarded as a viable instrument to measure cultural peculiarities of different countries. Although this paradigm is sometimes criticized for overgeneralization, it is widely employed in business research and has proved to be effective (Clarke 2017). It is noteworthy that the United Kingdom and Poland are rather different in terms of almost all cultural dimensions according to Hofstede’s paradigm (Hofstede Insights n.d.). These differences should be considered so that appropriate communication patterns and channels could be developed. At this point, it is necessary to note that the differences between the countries are mainly associated with their past political agendas. Poland was under the rule of the Communist Party, which made it develop a non-Western perspective and managerial behaviors (Eisenberg et al. 2015). Nevertheless, during the past three decades, Polish people have adopted western attitudes in many aspects of their life, which is also obvious in the business sphere. Power distance is the dimension that reflects people’s attitudes towards authority and power distribution. This dimension is regarded as one of the most influential in terms of communication within multinational organizations. Poland is characterized by a high score (68), which means that it is a hierarchal society where people value centralization and authority. At the same time, there is an apparent shift in the business environment as an increasing number of employees report that they would like to have a supportive leader (Eisenberg et al. 2015). However, more discipline and higher results are achieved in companies with autocratic managers, which unveils the need to have a closer look at each employee. Oswald et al. (2017) emphasize that this dimension has a substantial impact on working place safety in the construction industry as UK and Polish managers and employees have different attitudes towards responsibilities and authorit
Definition The Salvation Army is a non-profit organisation that has formed as a global Christian Church to provide a number of welfare tasks to the deprived and affected human being at the time of different natural disasters and political violence. A number of issues are existing which can be targeted as responsible for placing interest and attention to the various stakeholders of the organisation. Such issues are ranging from social welfare or basic performance terminologies, financial aspects, public support, expenses of the programs, supporting services, risk or threat factors and obviously each of the philosophies upon which it starts ahead to its activities. All of such issues are important to various stakeholders who are the personnel affected by the corporate performance as well claim over it involving- formal leaders, members of advisory boards, the volunteers, employees, supported global community and general members. Along with such factors, in the global environment of increased natural and artificial adversity, such non- profit entities also have to face a number of complexity and pressure for which it must make specific and appropriate steps to resolve those. Therefore, considering all of such concerns, some specific features can be placed as the core concern of the corporate people. Such as: Social welfare The various kinds of social welfare programs of Salvation Army place a major concern towards its diversified stakeholders while the most important tasks are as following:   * SAWSO or The Salvation Army World Service Office is responsible for employing the Chikankata Child Survival Project in association with Health Service from external funding which has been as
Introduction Although it is a general agreement that the sport is an important part of the culture and that, in moderation, physical exercises have a positive effect on people’s health, the support of athleticism is not quite pronounced among modern audiences. The population of Abu Dhabi is no exception to the specified observation (Harris & Wise, 2017). However, the Abu Dhabi Sports Council (ADSC) has the power to change people’s minds by using creativity and innovative thinking to make physical activities appealing to the target audience. By using creative approaches to build a community where a healthy lifestyle is supported by all participants and where exercises are seen as one of the tools for fostering communication and unity, the ADSC will be able to encourage athleticism. The goal of the paper is to adopt the methods of creative thinking and use innovative approaches to prompt a change in the perception of the sport among Abu Dhabi residents. To remain healthy, people need to view physical exercises as not a chore but an inseparable and pleasant part of their daily routine. Therefore, the use of tools for expanding the organization’s media reach and the strategies for appealing to different types of the population are required to improve the general attitude toward sports, as well as encourage people to engage in sport-related activities (Proctor, 2014). The specified task can be implemented by using a creative approach toward promoting change. Specifically, technological innovations should be utilized to create a sense of community among Abu Dhabi residents. The specified impression of unity and collaboration can be used to build a strong community, where participants would support each other, share their experiences, and engage in sport-related activities. The specified change is bound to result in a rapid rise of enthusiasm toward physical activities and a healthy lifestyle, in general, among Abu Dhabi citizens. Furthermore, the focus on communication and user autonomy in creating a community of people interested in the sport will help promote the successful management of possible confrontations and misunderstandings among its members (Proctor, 2014). Furthermore, the use of a creative approach and application of technological innovations will allow boosting the performance of athletes, as well as reinforce ethical values and principles based on which sports activities should take place. Seeking new ways of engaging in sports and excelling in athletic performance will help build a consistent interest in the sport and encourage athletes to maintain their enthusiasm. Thus, the sport as a concept will be imbedded with meaning and become not only a popular pastime but also an important part of people’s lives. Theories of Creativity The theories of creativity are numerous and diverse, offering one to explore the subject matter from different angles. Con