ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The high number of children born to poor families presents significant problems for a country. “A Modest Proposal” is a satirical essay by Jonathan Swift that proposes a solution to the challenge facing the kingdom. Swift was born and raised in Ireland; which allowed him to learn about the gap between the rich and poor, the papists, and Christians. It enabled him to figure out how the number of fatherless, poor children could be reduced to benefit everyone in the country. His proposal suggests that poor children should be well-fed and then sold to be eaten at the age of one year. This essay shows that Swift, being in the line of Anglo-Irish rulers who exercised power in Ireland, uses satire to convince the audience and demonstrate his logic towards eliminating poverty, though ironic. The credibility of the Author Swift is presented as a credible author who has a wide knowledge of the problem and is in a good position to propose a solution. First, he was born in Dubin, Ireland, one of the country’s largest cities (Swift 207). His birth is significant because being a citizen of the country, he has the heart for change and wishes to improve the living conditions in his country. It would be expected that only a child born in the land would be interested in altering the conditions in their homeland to develop solutions beneficial to all. Second, the author is well-informed and therefore in a position to provide the proposal. According to Swift (208), he has “turned my thoughts for many years, upon this important subject”, implying that he is not giving a hasty or generalized solution. He also appears to have carefully calculated the cost and implications of his proposal. He argues that before a child is one year old, they may only need milk from their mothers, which may not cost above two shillings (Swift 208). He, therefore, believes that only after one year is a child expected to become a burden to their parents and the country. He proposes to turn those children into profitable use before they worsen the country’s economic situation and continue the cycle of poverty in their generations. Third, Swift’s proposal is guided by advice given by experienced professionals. For instance, he has been informed by “a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London” that a child’s meat is wholesome and delicious (Swift 209). From the information given by his expert friend, Swift believes that the meat from a one-year-old will be sufficient and acceptable to serve the “landlords” (Swift 209). Again, he has gathered information from merchants who confirm that a child cannot yield enough money when sold before the age of twelve (Swift 209). His proposal is a consolidation of all the points noted from his observations and calculations, and advice from experts, proving his credibility as an author of the proposal. Appeal to Audience Every author aims to communicate their ideas to an audience and prompt them to agree
What Best Practice mean?? A best practice is a technique or methodology that, through experience and research, has proven to reliably lead to a desired result. A commitment to using the best practices in any field is a commitment to using all the knowledge and technology at one’s disposal to ensure success. The term is used frequently in the fields of health care, government administration, the education system, project management, hardware and software product development, and elsewhere. In software development, a best practice is a well-defined method that contributes to a successful step in product development. Throughout the software industry, several best practices are widely followed. Some of the more commonly used are: an iterative development process, requirement management, quality control, and change control. An iterative (meaning repetitive) development process, which progresses in incremental stages, helps to maintain a focus on manageable tasks and ensures that earlier stages are successful before the later stages are attempted. Requirement management addresses the problem of creeping requirements, which is a situation in which the client requests additional changes to the product that are beyond the scope of what was originally planned. To guard against this common phenomenon, requirement management employs strategies such as documentation of requirements, sign-offs, and methodologies such as the use case. Quality control is a strategy that defines objective measures for assessing quality throughout the development process in terms of the product’s functionality, reliability, and performance. Change control is a strategy that seeks to closely monitor changes throughout the iterative process to ensure that records are intact for changes that have been made and that unacceptable changes are not undertaken. A best practice tends to spread throughout a field or industry after a success has been demonstrated. However, it is often noted that demonstrated best practices can be slow to spread, even within an organization. According to the American Productivity & Quality Center, the three main barriers to adoption of a best practice are a lack of knowledge about current best practices, a lack of motivation to make changes involved in their adoption, and a lack of knowledge and skills required to do so. Best Practices (BPs) are innovative, dynamic management tools available to practitioners to ensure Minnesota’s parks and outdoor recreation areas are managed as efficiently and effectively as possible. Think of BPs as
Introduction The essay is a critical examination of how evil and good are portrayed in two literatures; Shakespeare’s The Tempest and Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher. The Tempest is thought to have been written between 1610 and 1611. The story revolves around a remote area in which Prospero the main character is trying to ensure that together with his daughter they get back what is rightfully theirs. Ideally the play lets the reader know that Miranda and her father were kicked out of their rightful position by Antonio, Prospero jealous brother. This leaves them stranded for 12 years and Miranda’s father is working day and night to reclaim their deserved position. Through such efforts, it is evident for the reader to clearly see through Shakespeare glasses the manner with which good and evil as themes are clearly depicted (Shakespeare par.5). The second literature that will be used is The Fall of the House of Usher written by Poe. It is a short story of Gothic horror narrated in first person. The work was published back in 1893. In this gothic story, readers are told of the family of Usher; Roderick and his twin sister Madeline. The two suffer from a disease which is unknown and cannot be cured. Their transgression which includes mental illness and incest are clearly brought to light by the author. To successfully accomplish this task, it would be rational to provide an understanding of the terms evil and good. In this context good will refers to that which is morally right. This means that good is that which helps and does less harm to others in the society. On the other hand, evil is that which is not morally acceptable. It is an act of not being concern about others as well as knowingly and intentionally seeking to harm the interest as well as welfare of other human beings. It is worth to acknowledge that there is a controversy between good and evil and as suggested by other scholars hence difficult to determine whether one is evil or good (Herman 234). However, for the purposes of this paper every act will be analyzed independently. Portrayal of good and evil in ‘The Tempest’ In the play The Tempest, Shakespeare has managed to clearly depict evil and good through characterization. It is through such characters as Prospero, Miranda, Ferdinand, Alonso, Ariel, as well as Antonio among others that the audience can see good and evil as intended by the author (Cantor 106). In the beginning of the play readers are made to clearly understand that Prospero’s jealous brothers with the assistance of Alonso who was the King of Naples was toppled and set adrift with his daughter who was only 3 years old. This is an evil and inhuman act done to him and his daughter. The main reason that drove Antonio to do this was because of his selfish interest in gaining power to rule the people of Milan. This is shown in the following line [Wow, is it exposition ti
Introduction In the conditions of a secular state, there are many challenges resulting from the lack of unity and the subsequent disagreement of different participants on essential societal issues. From this point of view, change is the key to future prosperity, and this idea corresponds to the need to ensure the capability of present-day organizations to overcome problems. For this objective, they should be efficient in elaborating suitable policies in a timely manner and follow through on their execution. However, it is still unclear to what extent the success of their initiatives can be secured in the circumstances presented above. Therefore, this paper aims to consider the strengths and weaknesses of the political, economic, and cultural institutions and compare them to the entities included in the constitutional design proposal regarding the prospects for their perseverance. Political Institutions Strengths The first aspect allowing to provide a solid basis for further examination of the state of political institutions is their strengths, which are supposed to contribute to the proper resolution of emerging issues. In the case of this type of actors, they are described by their compatibility with the main principles of democracy. In other words, their operations are guided by the presence of leaders, whose actions are regulated by the distinct mechanisms of accountability. 1 They add to the appropriateness of any decisions taken and help maintain the quality of politicians’ performance with respect to the intended goals. Even though this traditional approach seems to evoke concerns of the population, the outcomes of corresponding studies revealed its overall productivity. The researchers claim that there is no conflict in co-existing traditional entities and modern democratic states, and the misinterpretation of their activity’s outcomes is explained by the lack of previous research on this topic. 2 In this way, the benefits of these institutions are connected to their provision of guidance for making well-informed choices and the particular attention of the authorities towards the needs of people, which they manage to satisfy. Weaknesses Alongside the specified advantages of the current political institutions, there is a number of serious problems stemming from their non-compliance with the actual procedures of eliminating risks and addressing challenges. According to the scholars, they require the concentration of power in a single party for establishing the effectiveness of their actions. 3 Nevertheless, this condition cannot be met in the existing democratic system, in which various organizations formulate and promote their stances. It means that the principal drawback is the lack of cooperation, which could be used for compensating for the revealed difficulties. Moreover, it is complemented by the commitment problem of political agents, who cannot efficiently conduct their policies, and this factor defines further crisis-management failures. 4 Indeed, designing
Price skimming is a marketing approach to pricing when a relatively high price is established with regard to the prices set by other competitors (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2008). These prices are acceptable only for target customers for whom the product is highly valuable and who will eventually buy it. When the market demand decreases, the prices lower to attract other potential customers being less interested in buying the product. Many companies apply this business strategy while introducing new products possessing unique benefits and functions. In the majority of cases, the firms use price skimming at the first stage of the product penetration to reduce prices at later stages. Such a phenomenon is often called “sliding down the demand curve” (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2008, p. 600). The approach is the most successful in case the newly integrated product is initially in high demand among the potential buyers. In this respect, a successful and consistent skimming strategy contributes to recovering the company’s product development, as well as all costs in an effective manner. Apple is the brightest and the most appropriate example of how to price skimming strategy can be used efficiently. Paying closer attention to the pricing policies, the company also attains much importance to the customer’s expectations while establishing relatively high price levels for their new products. In 2007, Apple released the iPhone whose cost amounted to $ 599, which was $ 380 higher than the initial price of the product ( Apple’s iPhone Pricing Strategy n. d.). As a result of this campaign, the company managed to bring in great revenues and meet customer’s quality expectations. High demand was also due to the respectable image of Apple, which also played a crucial role in pricing decisions. A significant price drop in two months allowed the company to recover its development costs because the newly presented product featured unique technological advances that had never been introduced before.
Introduction Starting a company is not an easy task. When one gets past the planning process, the financial issue pops up. To choose the right financial strategy for the S&S Recycling Company, which is going to offer its litter-picking services for the neighborhood, as well as raw materials for furniture-producing companies, a careful evaluation of the existing options is required, especially in the context of high competitiveness. Debt Financing as a Possible Solution When considering the existing financing options for S&S Recycling, one should mention such an opportunity as debt financing. According to Bragg says, “In the case of debt , the funding is contingent on some obligation to pay interest in exchange for the use of the investment funds, which are also to be returned at the end of a stipulated period” (Bragg, 2012, 46). The given strategy seems quite legitimate; however, when applied to S&S Recycling, it might lead to some undesirable results. For instance, in case S&S Recycling fails to gain the required revenue or the estimated income will be less than expected, the company will face a serious threat of bankruptcy. Equity Financing: Evaluating the Effects Another possible solution for S&S Recycling can be the equity financing strategy. It is necessary to stress that equity financing is typically considered a perfect strategy for the companies that just have entered the market: “Companies that are good candidates for equity investment are those companies in the development stage, or those who are at an inflection point for accelerated growth” ( Understanding a firm’s different financing options , n. d., 6). Weighing the Pros and Cons: The Right Financing Strategy In the context of a small company that is going to use its relatively cheap prices and offer free services to its loyal customers, all the financial operations must be controlled by its board. Therefore, it can be suggested that equity financing, with the possibilities that it offers, is a perfect solution for S&S Recycling at present. When the company becomes stronger, claims its leadership position in the recycling market, and starts growing, it will be reasonable to take the dept financial strategy as the key company policy. According to Understanding a firm’s different financing options , dept policy can be used by the S&S Recycli
Introduction The aspect of schizophrenia addressed by the paper is to specifically study schizophrenia among adults who are 18 years and old. This will be achieved through analysis of its causes, management, and how it can be diagnosed and will constitute the main focus of the research paper. The focus is also based on the impact of the mental condition on the family members both financially and psychologically. Schizophrenia is a disease affecting the brain and researchers believe that about 1% of the world’s population live with the condition. Research indicates that the onset of the condition is common in the late teenage and early adulthood, where various symptoms include mixed-up thoughts that are accompanied by irrational beliefs; commonly known as delusions. The victim also suffers hallucinations where he/she perceives non-existent things. According to Tilton (1966), it becomes hard for such a victim to perform ordinary tasks, especially if abstract memory and much attention are required. However, symptoms of schizophrenia manifest in different forms among different adults; making a diagnosis of the condition to be difficult. This is especially due to the lack of laboratory tests of the condition. A medical practitioner is therefore required to have a follow-up of consistent symptoms for a period ranging between 1 to 6 months depending on the magnitude of the disorder. Sturmey (1998) argues that, in extreme cases, the victim suffers marked dysfunction as far as social, education, and occupational life is concerned. Among the usual characteristics of schizophrenia is low motivation; which consequently makes the victim withdraw from other members of the society. “Although studies have shown that, women are equally likely to develop the mental disorder as men, the condition manifest earlier in men. However, women are more likely to develop the mental condition compared to men especially after the age of 45” (Tilton, 1966 P. 56). Considerations to Make During Diagnosis for Schizophrenia Sturmey (1998) argues that, during diagnosis for schizophrenia, there are conditions that may result in similar symptoms as those of schizophrenia, and chances of being mistaken are high. Before diagnosis for the brain disorder begins, it is, therefore, advisable for the doctors to rule out such conditions. Among such mistaking, conditions are drug abuses, where the individual may have used hallucinogens that comprise LSD drugs. This includes mescaline which is known to cause regular users to see non-existent things. Studies also indicate that, individuals who are epileptic, experience brain disorder as a result of unstable electric signals along with the brain; resulting in seizures. An epileptic will therefore experience involuntary movements, accompanied by seeing as well as hearing non-existent events and sounds. Mendel (2003) says that brain tumor which refers to growth in parts of the brain may also result in behavior change on the victim; similar to those of an individual suffering from schizophrenia. When there are inflammations in the brain, a condition commonly known as encephalitis with similar sym
Introduction The war, which has engulfed Syria, continuously attracts the attention of journalists and diplomats. It has already taken lives of at least 76000 people (Gladstone and Ghannam 4). Moreover, this confrontation has turned millions of Syrian citizens into refugees who need to seek asylum in various countries. To some degree, this conflict illustrates the instability of countries located in the Middle East. One cannot easily identify a single underlying cause of this war. Instead, much attention should be paid to the combination of factors that are related to the political landscape of the country, its religious tensions, economic recession, and geographic peculiarities. At this point, it may be too early to make predictions about the outcome of this conflict and its geopolitical consequences. However, one can conjecture that Syria may remain under the control of terrorist groups such as the Islamic States of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This outcome can be possible if there is no full-scale intervention of other countries into this war. Moreover, Syria may suffer from economic isolation. These are the main issues that should be discussed more closely. The origins of this conflict At first, one should mention that Syria is a country in which citizens have long been unable to influence the policies of the state (Yoo 199). For instance, the government of the country has been controlled by the Assad family for more than five decades. In particular, one should speak about Hafez al-Assad and his son Bashar al-Assad (Yoo 199). In many cases, they brut
Infertility is defined as a failed attempt by a couple to try and get pregnant within a year. It can occur in females or males due to different reasons. In men, infertility is mainly caused by sperm problems, including low sperm count, abnormally shaped sperms, and low semen volume. Though only one sperm is required in fertilizing the egg, most sperms are unsuccessful as a result of the hostile acidity of the Vagina. Therefore, for an individual with sperm problems, it may be difficult for the sperm to reach the egg for fertilization hence infertility. For females, infertility is caused by reproductive system problems, such as fibroids and polyps that attack the uterus. These attacks may cause trouble to the production of an egg, making it impossible for it to be made available for fertilization, therefore, making one infertile. Medical support can intervene to increase the chances of a couple getting a successive pregnancy. First, they should start a program to teach the importance of the overall health of an individual’s infertility. Such practices as maintaining an average body weight can reduce the chances of being infertile (Woo et al., 2019). Too much weight higher the levels of Leptin hormone produced in the fatty tissue leading to disruption of a woman’s fertility. Underweight women also have a significant risk of infertility which may be caused by a hormonal imbalance that affects the process of ovulation. Another precaution the medical support should inform couples is to avoid smoking habits since they also have adverse effects on fertility. Smoking lowers one’s chances of pregnancy and increases the risk of miscarriage for expectant mothers. Consequently, the medical support staff can give precaution ally measures to the couples when they seek guidance on contraceptives. In some cases, contraceptives contribute to infertility issues, even though it is in very few cases. If not well explained to the couple, the side effects can make the couple make poor decisions on the use of family planning. One of the factors to consider before deciding whether to use it is family history. A couple should be well informed about how the planning has worked before in the family lineage. If it has had other side effects, including infertility, there is a high likelihood that the same will repeat; hence, there is a need to abstain from it. In my opinion, the technique that I find good to assist in preventing infertility is starting an educational program. The program will help couples to stop practices that may expose th