ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are five important stages to be considered when designing a warehouse. The stages include the overall warehouse structure, sizing and dimensioning of departments, and departmental layout. The other two are the choice of equipment needed in the warehouse and identifying the operational strategies. The overall warehouse structure is also referred to as the conceptual design. It is responsible for the smooth interdepartmental flow. It outlines the specific functions of various departments and establishes the pattern of flow in the warehouse. This could as well be seen as the core of the warehousing process. The process includes determining the required number of stores, the technology to be applied in the prospective departments, and the manner in which the orders would be arranged. This phase of the design deals with storage requirements, which should be at the minimum cost. The aim is to reduce the future operational costs. The second aspect of warehouse design entails distribution of space to all departments. Sizing and dimensioning is very important because they influence other factors such as construction costs, inventory holding, replenishment, and material handling. Evaluation of the storage capacity and conversion of the same to the floor space is necessary because determination of construction and operational costs fall into this stage of warehouse design. All sections in of the warehouse are significant. Therefore, they compete for space because the room is limited. Allocation should therefore be based on necessity. The departmental layout elaborates the way in which the structure of the warehouse should be framed. Various fallback departments are considered here. These units consist of pallet block loading in the store area, the passageway area, and the design of the automatic storeroom. Selecting the stores to be set up and classification of suitable warehouse computerization levels are covered in the apparatus selection stage of warehouse planning. Other areas dealt with include the choice of transportation means, picking, sorting procedures, and the systems to be applied in the various departments. All these require a high quality service balancing, cost effectiveness, and labor intensity. These decisions are strategic to the warehouse because they affect the overall investment and dictate the performance of the warehouse during operations. They must therefore be considered when designing the
Introduction The amount of deaths caused by ovarian cancer is alarming in gynecology. It is essential to understand the risk factors of the disease in order to prevent its occurrence. One must also know the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer as well as developments in diagnosis. This report will attempt to demystify these issues. Epidemiology and risk factors In the United Kingdom, prevalence rates for ovarian cancer rank second in gynecological cancers (Cervical cancer ranks first while uterine cancer is third). Crude incidence rates for England per 100,000 people are 20.3, while Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the UK have 26.1, 24.3, 20.5 and 20.9 as their crude rates. When age-standardized, these incidence rates become 15.8, 19.6, 18.0, 17.6 and 16.2 respectively. On average, 21 in 100,000 women suffer from ovarian cancer in the United Kingdom (based on crude rates), and this number is 16 when age-standardized (Cancer Research UK 15). Statistics also indicate that ovarian cancer is more prevalent among postmenopausal females. Only 20% of patients are less than 50 years (UK Association of Cancer Registries 90). Incidence rates rise sharply after this age. However, the highest proportion of patients comes from the 80-84-year-old bracket. These rates decrease dramatically after 85 years. Cases of ovarian cancer have increased gradually over the past quarter-century. Women aged 65 and above account for the highest prevalence rates and their cases have increased by 50% or more. In 1975, incidence rates (Age-standardised) were 15 per 100,000, but this increased to 19 at the end of the century. This number decreased in the first half of the 2000s but increased again in the late 2000s to 16. The age group responsible for the highest decrease lies between 50 and 64 years. At the beginning of the 2000s, patients in that age group were 44 per 100,000 but this reduced to 34 in 2008 (Permuth-Wey and Sellers 430). Experts explain that the increased use of contraceptive pills accounts for the decrease. This method minimizes one’s risk of getting ovarian cancer. Additionally, alterations in classification systems for this type of cancer may also account for the differences. Similar decreases in the 2000s have occurred in Western and Northern Europe, and experts also assert that increases in the use of the contraceptive may also explain this difference. In the European continent, for every 100,000 females, 12 to 17 will have ovarian cancer, depending on the nation of origin; this is the age-standardized rate. The latter figure represents patients in Northern Europe while the former represents patients in Southern Europe. Portugal and Cyprus have the lowest incidence rates (an average of 7 in every 100,000 women) while Lithuania and Latvia represent the highest incidence rates, which stand at 19 (Bray et. al. 980). In the EU, the UK has the seventh-highest number of ovarian cancer patients. Internationally, ovarian cancer represents about
The question of whether to legalize Marijuana or not has raised deep concerns in society; some are for legalization while others are against it. It all depends on the perspective the issue is argued from and whichever perspective the benefits outweigh the costs. I would support the legalization of Marijuana just like other drugs like tobacco in society. This is because, whether legal or not, people will continue taking it. However much many governments and states have continued to put stringent rules against the use of marijuana, people have continued to use it based on different personal reasons. Legalizing Marijuana by governments would result in high benefits as compared to the negative effects. If treated just like the other drugs in society, tobacco, and alcohol, the government can gain a lot. In the first place, it will be available for people to use in a better way. It will mean that it will be sold publicly in society; this means that it will create employment opportunities for many people. Many unemployed people will have a source of income. (Richard 2006). It also means that government will regulate companies dealing with the product hence imposing a tax on them. This will be a source of revenue to the government; when the revenues increase, it means that gross domestic product for the country increases. In addition, many of the employees in these companies will be taxed, and the amount will increase the gross domest
While performing their everyday activities and observing changes in the world and society, people often refer to the idea of the social order. These references to the social order concepts can be both conscious and non-conscious, and they reflect the people’s demands for ordering the life round them according to certain criteria and principles. Representatives of different communities understand that they interact within the society according to a range of principles which form the social order (Silva, 2009, p. 311). However, the approaches to understanding the basics of the social order can also be different, depending on the principles which are discussed by sociologists as the fundament of the concrete approach. The key points regarding which the sociologists’ visions can vary are the main questions, claims, concepts, theories, and evidence. From this point, it is important to compare and contrast different views on the idea of the social order developed by Goffman and Foucault in their works. Thus, Goffman discusses the social order as a result of the people’s everyday practices, interactions, and activities; on the contrary, Foucault states that the social order is a result of the historical processes, authority’s impact, and the people’s focus on knowledge and discipline. Focusing on the principles of Goffman’s approach to the social order, it is necessary to note that Goffman is inclined to ask the question about the connection between the social order and persons’ individual performances or interactions. Goffman answers the question about the connection while stating that the social order is the result of the people’s ev
Introduction Language is one of the primary means of communication and sharing ideas. Therefore, language is also central to sharing ideas in science. Admittedly, scientists reveal their findings and have heated debates using linguistic means. It is necessary to note that scientific language is somewhat different from the language used for larger audiences or the language used in school. This is why it is important to make students acquainted with peculiarities of the scientific communication so that they could participate in the debate when they decide to pursue a scientific career path (Morrison, 2010). Apart from that, it is also important to help students to understand different texts to be able to be highly educated people. This report includes an analysis of three scientific texts aimed at different audiences. One of the texts is taken from the scientific journal Nature . The journal includes scholarly articles on a variety of topics. Scientists publish the reports on their research and reveal their findings. The second text is taken from a scientific magazine New Scientist . This magazine includes articles on scientific topics. However, the audience is wider than that of the previous journal. This magazine provides information on latest discoveries to people who are interested in science and technology. The third article is taken from a newspaper News.com.ua . Clearly, the audience of this source is the widest among the three texts. However, people interested in science are likely to read the article used. The three articles will be analysed in terms of genre, technical language, lexical density, nominal groups and nominalization, information organization, interpersonal representation, use of visuals. Genre First, it is important to define the word ‘genre’. Derewianka (2003) notes that the word has a number of definitions but in linguistics it stands for the purpose of the text. Parkinson and Adendorff (2005) note that the genre has an impact on many aspects of the text. Thus, scientific texts tend to be characterised by nominalisation, evaluation, passivisation and hedging (Parkinson & Adendorff, 2005). Authors also use different ways to achieve objectivity. The genres of the three texts under consideration are different as the texts have different purposes. Thus, Olalde et al. (2014) provide a report to inform the entire scientific world about their findings. As the report is written for scientists, it has various peculiarities including technical language, lexical density, nominalisation, passivisation and so on. The article provides particular data that can be used for further analysis. The purpose of the article published in New Scientist is to inform people interested in science about the recent findings in the field of anthropology, archaeology and genetics. De Lange (2014) reports about the research implemented with significantly fewer details as the purpose of the text is to reveal major findings (not the methodology). The audience is not confined to scientists as educators, students, and the rest of people who find science
Every functioning society is made up of the civil society which generally represents social as well as civic organizations which operate on voluntary basis. Such organizations are different from parastatals and other commercial organizations as they are mostly non-profit. As much as such organizations have shared values, goals and purpose, it is difficult to differentiate them completely from other organizations as there are no clear boundaries between them. Since civil society embraces diversity, organizations that characterize it are inclusive but not limited to, self help groups, church based organizations non-governmental organizations, social movements, community groups, business associations and women organizations. The civil society organizations receive funding from different agencies but in most cases, they depend on the donor funding. For instance, United States has a goal of funding many such organizations in the developing countries. Therefore, most of the civil society organizations depend on international donor funding (Howell & Pearce, 2002). With that background in mind, this essay shall discuss the limitations and possibilities in creating the civil society though international donor funding. It is important to point out the meaning of international funding to be in a position to understand the limitations and the possibilities on the same in creating the civil society. International donor funding refers to the financial aid accorded to the foreign countries and agencies. As highlighted in the in the introductory, United States is a perfect example of an international donor since it finances various categories of civil society organizations. The funds are used either to establish or carry out various activities that help achieve the goal and purpose of that particular organization. Other donors include United Nations institutions such as UN Population Fund as well as UNICEF. Other countries that provide donor funding include, Germany, Scandinavian countries, Netherlands and Britain. Donors also constitute private institutions such as various Development Banks and Gates Foundation. Donor funding may not be the only financial aid for civil society but in most cases, it is the main source of funding. Therefore, a critical analysis of the civil society organizations illustrates that donor funding is very significant in creation and development of civil societies. As much as there is much debate concerning the same, focusing on the funds from such organizations illustrates that they are of great benefit to the civil society. Although it is not all non governmental organizations that are grouped among the civil society organizations, donors have got
Coercive interrogation can be determined as the application of physical or mental force to extract information that can have critical importance for saving others or protecting the interests of the state or nation. In such a way, it becomes a contradictory issue as there is a direct violation of the human rights guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Every person should be protected from the use of force as it humiliates his/her dignity and results in the emergence of multiple ethical issues. Official reinstitution of the given policy will mean that the state accepts the fact that tortures can be used while trying to acquire particular information. At the same time, there is the question what legal rules should be created to make this practice permissible and applicable in the modern environment. Speaking about coercive interrogation, it should also be said that the given practice is traditionally associated with the emergence of particular needs to protect the country or its citizens, which means that there is a perspective that in some special cases it can be permutable to acquire the needed result. However, utilization of the given approach will result in the emergence of double standards which is unacceptable in terms of the s
Introduction An organization refers to a group of people who form a social unit that is structured and managed systematically with the aim of achieving a given objective. Military teams and civilian arrangements such as business institutions are examples of organizations. Though management structures is believed have originated from the military system of command, the military and civilian organizations have of late taken different dimensions with the later developing more liberalized approaches to implementing its policies. This paper seeks to discuss whether or not the two types of organizations should adopt similar organizational competencies with respect to technology. The paper will look into systems in the two organizational types to identify similarities or differences to determine the argument. Management in Military and Civil Organization Though the military is always perceived to be a purely hierarchical system with chains of command that must be adhered to, there have been calls from experts and leaders in the military departments for a liberalization of the chains in the organizations. In the year 2001, for example, the United States’ secretary of defense made a call to the office of the president concerning a threat that had been identified in the department of defense. The threat was about the system of administration that was realized in the military. After the information was passed, a number of changes were realized in the country’s military departments such as the “supply chain system, harness information technology and cut costs by adopting practices from the corporate world” (Managing, 2003, p. 1). The perception that might be held by either the military or the corporate world that one is more efficient than the other might not be necessarily true. While the military view the cooperate world as more efficient, there are a lot of things that managers in business organizations ought to learn from the military. He also explains that business organizations ought to identify the “lessons that have been learnt over decades in the military” (Managing, 2003, p. 1). The military is actually designed more like the business world structure. Just as the supply of goods and services are critical to the lives and well being of consumers in the economic set up, is the military provision a necessity to the lives of soldiers in the field. The two organizations are even almost similar in their supply chains. The supply chain foreword direction flow is a similarity in the two organizations with military equipments being transferred along steps of a chain all the way to the final ground soldier just like inventory is transferred through stages until its finished form is delivered to the final consumer. The United States’ military actually runs commercial operations that generate a large amount of money from “sales and services” (Managing, 2003). The military has also been adopting approaches used in the corporate world. Employment of academicians into systems for guidance and research is one of the lessons that have been learnt by the military from the corporate bodies. Technologies such as in inf
Introduction The main purpose of any health care institution is well known as being to provide the basic health care services to the seekers or recipients to restore/improve their health status, or even to maintain it. Depending on several factors that influence the quality and performance of the healthcare workers, there are certain circumstances which hinder easy delivery of the health care services or products, hence achieving the organization/institution’s goals appear as a big burden. Due to the development of unforeseen hindrances of services within healthcare organizations, poor outcomes are expected, which are marked by the failure of eradicating primary unhealthy condition, but the primary unhealthy conditions are escalated by the development of secondary conditions in patients, while they are still hospitalized undergoing treatment. For that matter, many institutions/ organizations absorbed in the sector of healthcare and engaged in the provision of healthcare services directly to the recipients are having a major challenge on the arising of secondary conditions. Weight gain, urinary tract infection, bowel dysfunction, joint problem and pressure ulcers are a few of the illnesses and conditions identified to have higher chances of translating from primary condition to secondary condition. It thus becomes crucial to have a better understanding and a clarity of knowledge on health problems which have the potential of developing secondary condition, as this enables the formulation of techniques and sound control measures to mitigate or eradicate the problem (Burns & Grove, 2009). In this case, while working for XYZ hospital, a myriad of problems were evident in the organization, however, the problem of pressure ulcers was the worst of all, hence, I felt compelled to research and study more on it to reduce its severity in the future. Background According to the solid knowledge gained from the field of my profession and also that acquired from experiential activities, pressure ulcers is a condition brought about by the accumulation/ exertion of pressure resulting into destruction of some of the body organs or tissues. The most frequently affected area of the body comprises of the skin, body muscles and certain tissues that underlies within the body skin. Sometimes, it may also affect the blood tissue, especially under the condition of high pressure which is localized. This brings occlusion of the blood fluid flow, which in return leads to cell necrosis Though the condition is hard t
Introduction The situation that has formed in the company titled JP Morgan Chase, by which I am employed, demands urgent and effective measures to be taken to modify its human resource management policies and help the company establish greater and better equipped presence on the island of Kava. To propose the appropriate solution to the problems of JP Morgan Chase an effective decision making technique should be applied and critically analyzed so that its efficiency on the solution could be examined and measured. Accordingly, as a part of JP Morgan Chase I will recommend the use of the force field analysis technique as the most fitting one in the case under consideration. Applying a Decision-Making Technique Applying a decision making technique, one should be aware of their variety and complexity. According to Decision Making Techniques (2009), there are about ten major decision making practices, among which Pareto Analysis, Six Thinking Hats tool, Cost/Benefit Analysis, etc. are rather efficient. However, the force field analysis technique is of great use when it is necessary to demonstrate the contrast of the forces that facilitate change and that oppose it (Decision Making Techniques, 2009). Being the method of “weighing pros and cons” (Decision Making Techniques, 2009), the force field analysis technique can show what is the current position of JP Morgan Chase and how the change intended will influence the company. The very change mentioned above is the necessary expansion of the company’s presence on the island of Kava and the improvement of working conditions for the employees of JP Morgan Chase on the island. These changes are placed into a wider scope of the obvious need to reform and improve the human resources policies adopted by JP Morgan Chase on the whole. Finally, this leads to the need of revising the company’s mission, which currently aims at providing the highest quality products to its customers and strengthening the company’s market positions. The solution I propose for this problem is to reeducate the HRM workers of the company and make Kava office the developmental priority for the next six months, which will allow allocating the bulk of the company’s costs to ensuring greater and more qualitative presence of JP Morgan Chase on the island. Decision-Making Technique Analysis The choice of the