ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A closer examination of a piece of art work may depict an artist’s mind. The way form, and other literary studies are used by the artist indicates his/ her art world. An artist uses his work therefore to communicate some message to people; otherwise called his audience. A painting tells an audience to the artist a certain social group to which he/ she belong: religious, political education. Before the introduction of cameras, the real world could only be captured using the hand of an artist who devoted himself or herself to his work such that the end piece of work was a masterpiece to be admired. Today, we can learn of the works of great painters from their collected works in the museums. An artist does not just paint for the sake of having colors and brushes around him/her to do the work. He must present some aspects of that paint with a high degree of professionalism that the work is admired by many. The choice of a setting of a scene in a painting for instance may relate perfectly to inner expressions that are not available to be described by the use of words. For this reason we are to examine the artists mind by observing works done by him/ like the last Moments of Saint Mary Magdalene. Scene description The painter presents his piece of art work in a religious context. There are two scenes in which there are four characters. The scene to the right of the painting has presented us with three earthlings, in a kind of priesthood dressing. On the left hand side scene, there is representation of four earthlings (human beings) and two winged creatures. The assumption can be drawn that the two creatures with wings are angels, since angels have traditionally been presented to have wings. As we can also draw from the two scenes in the same frame the fourth figure, which can presumably be Saint Mary Magdalene neither takes the body of neither a human Mary nor an angel. In my opinion, the artist’s target audience was a Christian world. This can be supported by the presence of the two angels. The scene to the left presents a priest flanked by two people, seemingly his aids. The setting of the first scene in the frame is a place of worship, probably a whole church or a section in a church. The three people aside from the blurred figure of Mary Magdalene seem to be performing a ritual of some kind. Mary or the being representing her in that scene poses as penitently as if she is accepting a wish from the priest. In her bowing posture, before the priest, she is presented as having a solid upper body while her lower body seems to have many tentacle-like limps. Her figure is also presente
Propaganda and advertising have many similarities. Both rely on mass media in order to be effective and are typically utilized to control behavioral patterns of others. However, while propaganda may serve different purposes, such as promoting various political and religious goals, advertising has only one purpose in mind – to increase sales. As such, advertising could be considered a subdivision of propaganda. For a hypothetical scenario, we could take an advertising campaign for chewing gum. Chewing gums are typically sold in convenience stores, where they are usually found next to the cashier’s stand. All chewing gums are placed together, meaning a direct competition between various brands. As it stands, the most popular brands are Dirol, Stimorol, and various types of Wrigley’s chewing gums, such as Doublemint. A new brand of chewing gum, if placed next to these giants, would not stand a chance, even if its qualities were similar or even above the norm. The majority of customers are going to buy familiar brands and avoid unusual or new gums unless something catches their attention, or the price is significantly low. In order to even the playing field, a strong advertising campaign is necessary. In order to be successful and reach out large numbers of potential customers, it has to utilize all available media outlets, such as TV, Radio, visual advertisements, and internet social media. The end goal is to solidify the brand in the subconscious mind of the buyers, in order for it to be able to compete with other brands. One of the simplest and most widespread propaganda methods to be used in advertising is repetition. Dr. Joseph Goebbels, who is heralded as the father of modern propaganda, used to say that a lie repeated 1000 times becomes the truth. In advertiser language, that transforms into a saying that even bad advertising is still beneficial in the long run. Exposing potential customers to all manners of advertising on a regular basis would make them more familiar with the brand. Another effective propaganda technique is the use of loaded language in order to promote claims associated with the brand. Many gums use words like “Ultra-fresh,” “Double-mint,” and “Arctic Breeze” in order to sell themselves. However, these words have been overused to the point nobody pays attention to them anymore. Our brand of chewing gum can advertise through other means. The selling point would not emphasize its taste, as by now everybody knows that most gums taste the same. Using a different set of slogans like “Comfortable, stylish wrapper,” “The gum for cool people,” and similar techniques might attract attention due to being alluring and unique at the same time. Lastly, in order to reinforce the slogans, the advertising campaign can us
Before considering the main laws and regulations, it is necessary to define the term liability and defense from the plaintiff’s viewpoint. In most judicial systems, the theory of liability is often associated with a cause of action, the actual underpinning for the complaint, which is often claimed against the physical or legal entities who have designed, produced, furnished, or sold the product. From a plaintiff’s perspective, the cause of action depends on such theories of liability as breach of the warranty, negligence, strict tort liability, and misrepresentation. To begin with, negligence refers to the failure to ensure proper care by an individual who was legally responsible. Breach of warranty relates to the inability of a seller to reach the terms of agreement concerning the quality of the product. Finally, strict liability focuses on the vender’s responsibility for individuals who are under the threat of injure caused the proposed product, regardless the fact that the vendor’s fault is absents. All these theories are applicable to the case. They help to define the issues that can be used both by the family and by resort during the trial. Applying Law to the Case The main concern of the case focuses on the analysis of strict tort liability and negligence since both parties concerned should take responsibilities for the violations. Therefore, much concern is specifically connected with the quality of the product and negligent attitude of the family to warnings of the personnel concerning the risk of using specific services on the territory of the hotel. Obligations Held by the Resort From the perspective of resort being a plaintiff, specific attention should be given to the tort law. For instance, the resort managers can file a lawsuit against Buddy Smith who
Introduction Learning theories refer to frameworks that explain the process of learning through absorption, dispensation, and retention of information (Ryckman, 2007). Learning is affected by factors such as emotions, cognition, experience, and environment. These factors determine effectiveness of information acquisition and retention by individuals. Behaviorist psychologists describe learning as a form of conditioning that necessitates inclusion of rewards and goals in order to be effective (Ryckman, 2007). In contrast, constructivist psychologists believe that learning mainly depends on an individual’s experiences. Vital aspects considered in explication of learning theories include observational learning processes, role of the unconscious, role of internal cognitive processes, and efficacy. These aspects are important in learning because they serve different functions that impart knowledge. Observational learning processes Observational learning is a process of acquiring knowledge through observation, retention, and imitation of behaviors exhibited by other people (Fryling et al, 2011). It is mainly associated with research work conducted by Albert Bandura, a psychologist who developed the social learning theory. Observational learning involves four main processes that include:  1. Attention  2. Retention  3. Reproduction  4. Motivation Attention Attention is an important aspect of observational learning. Concentrating on other people’s behaviors and their outcomes is necessary for effective observational learning (Fryling et al, 2011). Attention enhances learning by ensuring that individuals take great interest in observing behaviors and their outcomes. Lack of attention leads to poor learning, which causes adoption of inappropriate behaviors. Retention After observing other people’s behaviors, individuals store what they have observed from others in form of mental pictures or representations (Fryling et al, 2011). These images are later used to elicit certain behaviors similar to behaviors observed in others. An example of the effect of retention is peer pressure that makes young people behave in a similar manner in certain situations. Reproduction Reproduction is a process that involves conversion of stored mental images into explicit behaviors (Fryling et al, 2011). An individual behaves as he/she saw others behave. Reproduction is a process that clearly defines and demonstrates observational learning. People repeat behaviors that they observe and copy from others. Motivation Motivation is another process involved in obse
A major topic of discussion in the last decades has been on conservation biology where the topic of reduced populations of endangered species resulting to a major increase in genetic problems has been addressed. A reliable conclusion also has to be reached in order to determine whether genetic bottlenecks are the core reason to reduced genetic diversity which may lead to increased susceptibility of certain species to diseases. The essay that follows will look at these two issues in summary so as to determine the possible conclusion to the mentioned problems in both papers. It will give a brief summary of the genetic problems that affect small populations and the suggested effects of genetic bottlenecks in both papers (Caro & Laurenson, 1994, p. 485) This paper addresses the issue of small populations which have in effect brought about problems in genetic constituents of the species that exist in small populations. A theory based on genetics proposes that inbreeding brings about negative impacts in the allelic constitution of an organism such that there is formation of recessive allelic genes. These recessive allelic genes also have negative impacts on the general life of the species such as reduced productivity, high death rates in infants and also the rate of growth is reduced. The study shows that the combined effects of this can result to extinction. The homozygous state of the offspring also reduces the species chance of adapting to environmental changes and there increased susceptibility to extinction (Cara & Laurenson, 1984, p.485). However, the blame laid on inbreeding as a cause of reduced genetic diversity and consequently a way for reduced populations is questionable. Although inbreeding evidently has negative impacts on species, it does not necessarily prove that it is the core reason why there is reduced wild population. There is no supporting evidence that shows that the loss of heterozygous condition has led to extinction. Demographic and environmental problems are far much more detrimental to the survival of wild species. The environmental impact on wild species caused by human activities for example poaching and pollution are more likely and much swifter in bringing extinction to the wild population than inbreeding. More ecological study therefore has to be conducted in order to determine the environmental impacts on reduced population. Ecological studies might take longer durations and are much more labor intensive than genetic research but they might be
In 1981, collaborative efforts by representatives from six Arabian states founded the Gulf Cooperation Council to synergize their interests and foster the growth and development of their region. GCC intends to achieve cooperation among its member states by strengthening links, standardizing regulations, and encouraging scientific and technological research through the establishment of research centers. In addition, GCC promotes the adoption of policies that foster collaboration between private sectors of all the six states (Al-Mahmoud et al. 10). Since 1981, numerous developments have occurred within the Arab States. These developments have boosted the region’s ability to compete within the international market. They include the establishment of the Economic Agreement, Free Trade Area, Customs Union, and Common Market. In December 2008, a deliberation led to the establishment of the Monetary Union. Subsequently, the Monetary Union was set up and a single currency introduced to facilitate faster business transactions and stabilize various aspects of foreign exchange. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) aims at uniting member states through effective coordination, interconnection, and integration. The dispute that erupted between Iran and the United Arab Emirates about Abu Musa Island started after the British left the area in 1971. The Iranian military seized the Island immediately upon the departure of the British from the area. The Iranians stated that they had historical ownership of the Island. On the other hand, the United Arab Emirates professed rights over the Island by claiming that the British transferred the Island to them. More developments led to the agreement between Sharjah and Iran regarding the Abu Musa Island. However, there was no agreement between Iran and Ras al-Khaimah. The international community did not recognize the claim by the United Arab Emirates because when Iran and Britain agreed on the Abu Musa Island, UAE was not yet an official state and could not present any claims regarding the territory (Eliot and Maud 146). GCC’s pronouncement inviting two countries to join the council was unexpected. These countries were Jordan and Morocco, which had little expectations to join the geopolitical organization. GCC made this announcement amid the changing relationship of its member states with the rest of the world. The ongoing protests and uprisings within the Arab world promoted the pronouncement. Arab countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya have suffered the wrath of the widespread violence. The protest had not only shaken the region’s internal politics but also affected many geostrategic essentials that govern the region’s relationship with the rest of the world. Thus, there was a need for the region to re-evaluate some of its traditionally held aspects of governance. Leaders within GCC probably had the notion that there were key domestic and peripheral changes taking place in the Arab wor
Cultural geography entails studying how humans interact with the land in which they live. Religion, language, economic analysis, medicine and entertainment are but some of the outstanding issues in cultural geography. It also focuses on the functioning of human beings spatially. Cultural studies as well as environmental issues too form a critical part of the cultural geography studies (Geert, 1973). Journal of cultural Geography came into existence due to the effort of Ray in association with his wife, Pat Brown as early as 1960. At that time, American studies were believed to be based mainly on an elite culture and Ray saw this and purposed to alter this. In their effort, Ray and Pat Brown encountered serious challenge since the earlier and more common subjects of music, literature and films had not in the first place received much attention. At that time, Ray was an outstanding professor at the Bowling Green State University (BGSU). There was no close relation between cultural studies and geography but the coming of two associations, PCA and ACA helped boost this connection more. In 1979, Ray and Pat engaged Alvar Carlson, who was a professor of geography at as the editor in charge of the journal of cultural geography at the BSGU. It was in the next year that the journal was first published. The editing of this journal remained in the hands of Alvar Carlson until 1996 when he retired and the responsibility was passed on to Lou Seig, at the Oklahoma State University. Publication however, remained under Popular Press, at the BSGU for more than the next two decades. It was in December 2001 when popular press was closed down by BSGU and the Geography department within Oklahoma State University took over the management of this journal. For at least six years since 2002 however, editing of the journal has been under Alyson Greiner who took over, Lou Seig having stepped down. There are many issues each year with most recent issues receiving great attention. In this journal, several methodologies have been employed. The approach of humanistic has been used extensively. This approach emphasizes on how human values are crucial in the interpretation of cultural landscape and what meanings can be attached to these cultural landscapes. It is important that cultural landscapes be interpreted correctly and the right interpretations be attached to it (Domosh, 2000). The humanistic approach basically lays major emphasis on evaluating the importance of a landscape to the life of human beings (Doel, 1999). The other approach used is the feminist theor
I believe that the said quote concerns the relationship between the input efforts and their impact on the individual. For instance, if one does not have a genuine interest in geometry, they might still greatly benefit from the hard work put into the mathematical tasks and proving theorems. These efforts would enrich the mind and, according to the quote, nourish the “spiritual plane” and intelligence. Therefore, the primary point of the quotation can be summarized in one sentence – regardless of circumstances and results, all hard effort put into the task will positively affect the mind. I wholeheartedly agree with this statement because it resonates with my perspectives on studies, work, and even physical exercises. If I do not succeed in certain activities (e.g., a poor learning session), I try to encourage myself by recalling that any input effort made me a slightly better person than before. Similarly, when I have a poor sports session, and my results are much worse than during the previous training, I remind myself that physical activity is beneficial for my body regardless of the outcomes. Therefore, even if I am not satisfied with the ultimate results of the task, I feel that my hard efforts made a positive change nonetheless. In this sense, I believe that my perspective aligns well with the quote, specifically the “spiritual plane”. Thus, if I try hard to achieve my goals, these efforts would enrich my mind and positively affect my spirituality. Concerning the third problem, I believe that my natural skill level in math is probably around 6 or 7. I rarely have a hard time understanding the underlying principles of algebra and geometry, but my interest in the subject is quite limited. Furthermore, I acknowledge that some peo
In the information society of the XXI century, managing data is a very complicated task. In order to analyze not only the internal factors that affect the production process of a company, but also the outside factors, such as competition, demand and opportunities for expansion, one will have to consider its process of information acquisition and transfer. This is where information system management principles are to be applied. Owing to a proper use of information system management principles, Sally Beauty, Inc. managed to succeed in the highly competitive business of selling to licensed beauty professionals. According to the company’s vision and mission, its staff is focused on delivering its merchandise of the finest quality to their customers (Sally beauty Holding Inc., n. d.), which follows the principles of ISM quite closely. Business-driven MIS is used in the given case to “adapt to technological advances and innovations” (Baltzan, 2011, p. 2). The goals of the company are also in accordance with the MIS principles; however, more clarity on the methods, with the help of which the company is going to implement its goals, could be provided by Sally Beauty, Inc. While the company staff claims that they are willing to utilize latest technology, the means in which they are going to are still not quite clear. Arguably, this technology is used in order to provide the services of the same quality in the USA, Canada, the UK and Mexico by enhancing the cooperation between the affiliates; however, Sally Beauty, Inc. staff never state it explicitly. Apart from being used as a highly efficient tool for improving the company’s inbound and outbound logistics, ISM also serves a number of purposes and incorporates a variety of elements. By defining the key ones, one can embrace the plethora of opportunities that ISM provides for an ordinary company. Business intelligence is an interactive method of information system management. Enterprise resource planning is the process of arranging the company’s resources reasonably. Customer relationship management is a range of methods in which relationships with customers can be established. Data mining is an umbrella term for methods of information acquisition. Intelligence systems are sets of principles in accordance with which data mining can be carried out. Judging by the methods that the Sally Beauty, Inc. uses in its process of information acquisition, processing and transfer, its method of business intelligence can be defined as auto-delivered intelligence, since the information is clearly delivered in an interactive manner. By communicating directly to the customers and analyzing the information that comes from surveys and opinion polls, the company manages to provide the services that clients need. Consequently, various strategies of customer relationship management are utilized in the process. The traditional top-to-bottom structure makes the company vulnerable (Mcfarlan, n. d.), yet r