ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Since the writings of Charles Darwin, a facial expression has been regarded by many researchers as a primary element in the description of emotions. For example, referring to his work, Hess and Thibault state that the ability to express emotions facially developed in humans as a part of the protection mechanism that prepared the body for action and fulfilled a communicative function (120). The expressive element of feelings is typical for all people. However, gender differences in the expression of facial emotions may be observed. According to Aleman and Swart, these differences are defined by both social and neurological factors (e3622). Building on the evidence discussed in these studies, and focusing on the protective function of expressing emotions, the given research project will aim to explore the differences in female and male expressions of disgust. Main body Gender differences in the function of this disease protection mechanism are widely discussed in the literature. As stated by Skolnick, disgust is believed to “functionally keep all people safe from potentially contaminating stimuli,” yet it is considered that “women show higher disgust than men” (145). Additionally, Wingenbach et al. note that females show a significant advantage in recognition of facial expressions and emotional intensity as well (e0190634). However, it is not clear why women are more easily disgusted and are more sensitive in the perception of emotions. Some theories suggest that it is due to gender asymmetries in the costs associated with particular choices (namely, mating and engagement in sex), as well as maternal instincts and the need to keep children safe (Al-Shawaf et al. 156). Through a systematic literature review and evaluation of theories, the proposed study will aim to explore in greater detail how environmental factors can affect females’ expressions of disgust in comparison to males. Conclusion It is hypothesized that biological and social stimuli associated with the roles women and males played throughout the course of evolution largely define their disgust behaviors. The analysis will start with the clarification of concepts and proceed to the explanation of possible relationships among them based on the research evidence located in the reviewed studies. Works Cited Aleman, André, and Marte Swart. “Sex Differences in Neural Activation to Facial Expressions Denoting Contempt and Disgust.” PloS ONE , vol. 3, no., 11, 2008, p.
Health and hygiene play an important role in our lives, especially, for a healthy lifestyle. There is a need to develop an awareness of the bones of the human body. First, the major bones are the skull, scapula, ribs, humerus, clavicle, sternum, vertebral column, pelvis, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, and metatarsals ( Major bones of the body , 2012). Some of the muscles that attach with the above-mentioned bones are Occipito-frontalis (Epicranialis) for skull bone, deltoid muscle for scapula (shoulder blade) and the clavicle (collarbone), intercoastal muscles for ribs, sternocleidomastoid muscle for the sternum, pectoralis major for clavicle, brachioradialis for the humerus, trapezius for vertebral column, flexor carpi ulnaris for carpals ( Major bones of the body ,2012), interossei for metacarpals (Schünke et al., 2011), flexor digitorum sublimis for phalanges ( Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle 2012), flexor carpi ulnaris for ulna, flexor carpi radialis for radius, sartorius for the femur, vastus meals for patella, tibialis anterior for tibia, soleus muscle for fibula, extensor digitorum longus for tarsals, extensor digitorum brave for metatarsals (Hashey Joe. ,2011), Phalanx proximal pedis for phalanges of the foot ( Phalanx proximal pedis , n.d.). From the mentioned above, it is clear that bones and muscles’ functional activities are interconnected. The movement of a specific part of the human body, for example, the shoulders, requires the deltoid muscles and clavicle. Here, it is important to note that while performing a workout or strength exercise, focusing on the specific region of bone and the associated muscle group function helps design the exercise plan and enhance the maximum intensity. Similarly, it was learned that as muscle attachment with the bone is crucial, physical injuries can be better studied and managed. Whether it could be tendon or ligament pain, analgesic remedies could be recommended to the weigh trainers. It can be inferred that major bones and the muscles attached to them described here have a key role in all vital functions particularly, rigidity and motility, that make them perform like a well-oiled machine. Next, there is a need to know the exercises related to planes of movement. These are sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. The sagittal plane is considered the common plane of movements and divides the body into right and left sides. Its exercises include leg curls and leg extensions that primarily focus on hamstrings and quadriceps respectively. At one particular joint, this exercise facility the forward and backward movement of the knee. These are mostly found in many fitness centers and are considered strength-training machines. The sagittal plane is a well-preferred exercise to build shoulders for enthusiastic bodybuilders. This involves holding dumbbells in both hands and raising arms to the height of shoulders and back to the initial position. In the sagittal plane, the barbell bicep
Python is a versatile and accessible programming language that has secured its place in the IT industry since its introduction in 1991. Since then, it has been adopted as the common programming language in a variety of areas from data science to video game development. Python is easy to learn compared to many other languages currently in use. This is in part due to its natural and intuitive syntax and use of indentation and line breaks to define blocks of code. Although using curly braces and semicolons, common in languages such as Java, is not significantly more difficult, it makes these languages less accessible to those learning programming. Another significant feature that adds to the language’s accessibility is its dynamic typing. It allows programmers to write their code without defining what data type each variable will hold. Because of this, one can write simple Python programs with little planning. However, the same benefit can turn into a significant disadvantage in larger projects, when new code incorrectly assumes the content of old variables. This is especially true for working with others, who may not know the expectations and internal conventions of existing code. Therefore, commenting code and adhering to conventions become critically important in such projects. Finally, Python requires no compilation ahead of time, allowing one to write simple, practical applications faster. Furthermore, small adjustments can be made with minimal required effort, thus allowing such applications to be created and adjusted to one’s needs quickly and easily. This makes Python ideal for such small, personal applications for automating one’s common tasks, implementing regularly used mathematical functions and calculations, or similar purposes. These advantages combine to give Python its versatility; the language is used in a variety of fields. Some of these fields are not directly related to developing stand-alone applications, but rather use Python as a tool for data and mathematical features. The language is often used in non-IT-specific fields such as sociology or statist
I was asked to listen to three different versions of the same excerpt of the aria Summertime from Porgy and Bess for this assignment. For this purpose, I decided to use Soundcloud as an open platform for people to post their works. Specifically, on Soundcloud, I listened to the following three pieces in their entirety:  1. Marie-Elaine Gagnon — Summertime from Porgy and Bess – 2:43  2. Peter Hamilton Orchestra — Summertime (From Porgy and Bess) – 2:49  3. MadeleineW — Summertime from Porgy and Bess – 1:44 Each version of the aria was performed in a completely different genre and arrangement. The first, by Gagnon, was a classical piano version, Peter Hamilton Orchestra performed a jazz-orchestral arrangement, and MadeleineW sang Summertime in the format of a children’s lullaby vocalization. The differences in performances are reflected in the feel and sensation of listening. I found MadeleineW’s version the most frightening since lullabies are often the soundtracks for horror movies. Perhaps the most enjoyable version for me was the jazz version by the Peter Hamilton Orchestra, as it gave the familiar aria a new look and freshness and was performed in one of my all-time styles. Jazz is about freedom and energy, so any piece played in this arrangement automatically strikes me as exciting and noteworthy. The piano version was good and could be seen as a typical example of classic music, but I found such a variation a bit boring and of little interest. On the contrary, in the jazz version, one hears tones, hears history, and different moods. Even if the listener gets tired while listening to jazz, he or she will quickly return to engaging because of the dynamism of the genre.
Introduction Semiotics is a word used in art and design to signify the application of signs and symbols as a medium of communication. Various day-to-day activities like those in political social and cultural circles require the work of art for easier interpretation. Therefore, semiotic symbols and signs deployed in various fields from business, art, politics, and culture convey a certain message beneficial to the viewers. In most cases, some situations require artists to give interpretation or insights regarding development, danger or traditional settings apply semiotics. For example, traffic signs form a good example of semiotics. Under traffic control rules, pedestrians read the signs concerning the time to cross the road when not to, and were to cross- Zebra crossing. If these signs were not there, then silhouettes or other divisive practical methods would instead take charge. Through these semiotic signs and symbols, people can avoid accidents, as they are aware in advance of the consequences that follow. If viewers do not take this information with the seriousness it deserves, then they are subject to victimization. Therefore, signs and symbols are there to create awareness, warn or give directions on various issues regarding day-to-day chores, situations or future applications. For example, the following picture is a sign that warns of a possible danger should one exceed thirty meters from the ring. The picture is acting as a sign to a viewer who can be a victim should the instructions be ignored. Therefore, the sign pictured is a semiotic design object. (Weller, 2009 Para. 1). Semiotics in Graphic Design Semiotics in graphic design also signifies how designers interconnect views of logic and relation to create a graphic design object. Moreover, semiotics is the application of divergent views expressed through the work of art to represent broader ideas and nicer interpretations. The central figure of semiotics developed by ancient philosophers is the use of signs to mark designs as a school of thought. Signs are units that give easier interpretation of something vindictive of a drawing, photograph, words or sound. In fact, ancient philosophers and semiotic founding fathers defined a sign as a progression in which something undergoes characterization, interpretation to educate or give further gist. However, not everything constitutes a sign and thus not every design in graphics is semiotic. For a sign to characterize and educate, a certain course of action ought to take place. The first thing and environmental condition for a sign to rejuvenate are of course the circumstances under which it will endure interpretation. At one point, sculptural or artistic paintings and drawings convey a message through interpretation. After interpretation, communication follows then the viewer is able to identify the meaning of that sign. On the contrary, the sign fails to induce feelings of interpretation superiority, then that is not a sign. After interpretation and identification, the next process is whet
Introduction The second reason is the most compelling. All the parties were committed to accomplishing the goals and objectives of D. Light. They did not seek corporate jobs, but they worked on the D. Light project full-time. In addition, they were committed to traveling to remote villages in several countries. The tour to the villages helped test the viability of the project. Some trips were done before they presented the business plan. The second reason is the most compelling. In this case, without commitment, the business plan could not have been successful. The presentation might have been good, or the team members could have been strong. However, without commitment, nothing could have been successful. Self-drive is the key factor in any project because the team members should be motivated to work and achieve the goals. All other factors can be adjusted to fit the changes in the market conditions. Nevertheless, commitment is a fundamental aspect that should exist throughout the implementation process. Main Body If I was among the founders of D. Light, I would apply the market introduction strategy. The strategy would help specialize in market penetration. The strategy would focus on introducing the product to potential clients, educating them, and attracting as many clients as possible. I would identify the market niche for the product, and provide unique products to match the needs of each niche. The strategy would promote the product to all potential clients so as to create market awareness. I would train local people to promote the existence of the product and the benefits of buying the device. This strategy would help the local people accept the device because the trained personnel would educate the local people using the local language. Big companies have experienced challenges in delivering light to people with no access to reliable electricity because the companies have not used the appropriate strategy. Companies, such as General Electricity, sell the products to wholesalers and retailers who sell to the final consumers. Therefore, the company does not know the needs of the customers. The Sam Goldman team developed strategies for delivering the products to the client directly without the use of middlemen. They have educated the pe
Introduction The issue of identity has been subject of discussion for most scholars and researchers. The paramount question is the significance of identity in people’s lives and most studies have proved that identity is noteworthy in the present life. Identity is beneficial because it shapes or is a perspective of how people make sense of the globe and their incidents in it, which includes their personal experiences. There have been various connections between identity and consciousness. For instance, there is an explicit philosophical and psychological explanation of how the mind, self, and society were constructed and acted in a relationship with one another. In other studies related to self-identity, it is evident that the development of identities requires several factors, which will support the development. In this study paper, we explore how habitus creates and shapes the different identities, which make up people’s core identity. To explore this subject, the paper will reflect on Bordieu’s work and draw on ideas from the literature on identities. These elements may be cultural, national, or gender-related. Main Discussion The subject of identity matters because others can understand people in meticulous means, and people act toward one another relying on such comprehensions and positioning. The French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu presented several arguments concerning the subject of identity. According to Bourdieu, the present society majorly comprises of the struggle over power and society’s resources. In this sense, dominant groups dedicate all their time and force to keep up their manipulation over these assets and make a peculiarity between themselves from lesser groups that try to progress their capital and chances. In his lessons, Bourdieu uses the word habitus to refer to the thoughts and characters, which individuals widen through social relations. The aspect of habitus is not an inborn ideology but an attained product of times gone by social incidents, and schooling (Flint, 2000, p. 67). Any individual considering what makes up his or her self will always carry out a self-examination test in which people will question the moral values, characteristics, and actions. People’s identity is a result of several factors, which contribute to making one person different from the others even though they may originate from similar family backgrounds. On the other hand, personal identity, unlike fingerprint or hair strand, subject to change and growth. To understand a person’s present identity, there is a need for an apt exploration of several contributing factors that various scholars present in different theories during the study of psychology (Sheffy & Shlesinger, 201, p. 89). The habitus instinctively maneuvers people’s practices, actions, and sentiments, which in turn reflects the people’s social history and location. To add to this, the varied aspects endow social actors with capability such as knowledge and skills. The major aim of these social actors is to play the soc
Managing Teams across Borders As indicated by Thanlain (2005) there are four characteristics that are in demand within a technology-oriented enterprise, namely: high market responsiveness, fast developments, low cost, and finally high levels of creativity, innovation and efficiency (Thamlain, 2005). What must be understood though is that such characteristics are dependent upon the type of technical teams that are the backbone of the company wherein through the utilization of a variety of management practices a seamless integration of vertical and horizontal means of collaboration need to be implemented in order to create a stable organizational structure for proper operations and product development. On the other hand what must be taken into consideration is the fact that though globalization and the process of outsourcing and off shoring technology teams are no longer isolated to merely being within the same building, state or country but rather are scattered across a wide breadth of countries, cultures and business cultures which management practices of contemporary technology-intensive enterprises need to take into consideration (Bhalla, Sodhi & Son,2008). For example, Microsoft, which is one of the world’s largest software manufacturers, has development teams around the world working on different aspects of the operating systems that it produces. The inherent problem with this situation is that different methods of coding procedure combined with a variety of problems related to time difference, business culture and sheer distance involved invites problems in all stages of OS development (Bhalla, Sodhi & Son,2008). In fact, it was seen in the case of the development of Windows Vista that problems with the operating system (which was largely considered one of Microsoft’s worst operating systems) were due to problems in effective management practices in helping to consolidate efforts across different borders and cultures. This situation is not limited to the development of software but rather also includes the production processes of certain electronic goods. For example, lax managerial practices were blamed for one of Dell corporations recent fiascos wherein faulty components within several of its computer motherboards that were sourced from foreign partners were seen actually leaking some sort of fluid during normal methods of operation. Not only that, the fact that Dell actually knowingly resold such units despite knowing of the inherent flaws is indicative of a failure of management practices from not only a production point of view but from an ethical sales perspective as well. Management practices in some of today’s technology-oriented organizations need to facilitate better collaboration and communication between global teams despite the distances and diverse cultural differences involved. This means facilitating new means of cooperation through team exchanges (members of one team visiting the other), implementing means of open communication and conceptualization between the two teams at all times and facilitating better cooperative practices through the development of cultur
A human resource information system (HRIS) refers to a computer-based application that handles human resource management (HRM) roles through enhancement of its efficiency and effectiveness. This information system consists of databases, which are used to access and modify data. Databases allow users to retrieve, store and utilise data. In addition, the application facilitates report generation by array specifications. Through these benefits, the HRM can effectively handle its roles such as selection, recruitment, development, deployment and support of human capital (Coronas 2005, p.32). As a result, a HRIS should be appropriately designed, before implementation to improve HRM performance in an organisation. Furthermore, the ideal specifications of a HR database management system facilitate the success of HRM objectives. For our organisation based on the banking and finance industry, the ideal design for a database management system is the distributed database management system (DDBMS). In this case, the organisation is made up of various branches that need interconnection, which facilitates efficient storage and retrieval of data (Gupta 2005, p.52). Similarly, it improves efficiency of data inputting and modification, since it can only be done once, and when editing is essential. A number of challenges that the organisation was vulnerable to under the traditional information systems such as personnel and payroll information system, are suitably dealt with by the HRIS. In essence, the DDBMS will serve the interests of the organisation in addition to other physical aspects of the HRIS (Kleingartner & Anderson 2001, p.104). The need for effective delivery of human resource services demands credible HR database. To ensure that a HR database is credible, multiple features have to be tested to guarantee its capability. Initially, a HR database implemented should be able to increase the productivity of the HRM. Some of the vital elements of this feature are depicted by the level of efficiency experienced in the HR departments. In this regard, a HR database should improve utilisation of data related to hiring decisions, operations of the staffs and its integration with any management systems (Kleingartner & Anderson 2001, p.158). Similarly, a HR database should provide the anticipated security for data stored. For this reason, files should be protected from unauthorised access, editing, adding or deleting of data. Another critical element of HR database is report generation capability. Thr