ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Today, many people are inclined to pay attention to the differences in religious traditions when the accentuation of the similarities in the spiritual beliefs is more significant for understanding the roots and principles of this or that religion. The Judeo-Christian tradition and Islam are based on the same spiritual ground that is why it is possible to determine the features which can be discussed as characteristic ones for these religious traditions. It is important to note that Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions are Abrahamic in their nature because their roots lead to Abraham. Thus, Christians and Muslims believe in one God, in God’s prophets, in the concepts of revelation and resurrection of dead people (Bowker, 2006). To understand the association between the world religions, it is necessary to focus on similarities in interpreting the creation story, in approaching eschatology and afterlife, in discussing the norms of the moral code and duties. The Judeo-Christian tradition and Islam are usually discussed as monotheistic religions where the stories of the Universe creation by God play the important role. The similarities can be observed not only in the general approach to cosmogony but also in depicting the details of the process. Thus, God is described as creating the World during six days in both traditions. The man was made from the dust or dirt, and he became alive after God’s breathing a life into him. Mo
Drug Prescription For the patient’s treatment, the author would prescribe esomeprazole, taken daily via the oral route in full 40mg dosages, for four weeks. Zhang et al. (2017) find that this medication in the suggested dosage is the most effective of a number of proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2-receptor antagonists. Antacids are also an option for treating mild cases of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but the patient’s condition is too severe to resort to them. The severity of the patient’s state is also the reason for the four-week treatment period, as this length is recommended by Farthing and Ballinger (2019). The medication will be distributed orally via capsules, as this is the typical route of its administration, and the patient is capable of swallowing, which precludes the use of a nasogastric tube. No other drugs will be prescribed, as GERD therapy is typically limited to the usage of this medication alone. Monitoring and Efficacy Evaluation The monitoring measure employed for the patient will be esophageal pH-impedance monitoring. It is standard practice in the management of GERD, used to evaluate the severity of the condition based on the acid that comes up to the esophagus. Patel et al. (2015) recommend phenotyping the severity of the symptoms and the disease as a whole based on the strength of reflux evidence. Treatment should continue as usual in the case that the patient’s symptoms start declining over time, as this would demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment. However, in the case that no change is observed, Farthing and Ballinger (2019) recommend performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy before determining the next course of action. If symptoms start manifesting more heavily than before, the same consideration applies, an
Abstract Back in the days, literacy was considered an ability to write and read. However, today it means engaging in advanced speaking, reading, as well as writing and listening. In order to evaluate the importance of literacy in the classroom, two case studies were conducted. The first case study showed that classroom literacy is tightly connected with interactions between students that state their opinions and learn something new from others. The second case study showed that reading and writing are not the only ways of achieving literacy. Thus, the conclusion has been made that in modern days literacy can also be achieved by means of various interactions within the classroom. Introduction As many educational researchers have emphasized, literacy cannot be reduced to the acquisition of individual tasks, such as reading a book, completing an application, or taking an exam. Literacy tools include any artefact, idea, or process that people use when they read, write, and talk or otherwise use language to make meaning. We understand texts and write or otherwise use language to make meaning. We understand texts as extending beyond print to include digital, visual, audio, and performed texts. Beyond any narrow explanations of literacy as encoding and decoding language, a much more recent explanation for it includes social interactions. Literacy studies investigate writing as well as reading in broad areas including everyday life (Bearne, Dombey, & Grainger, 2003, p. 14). The Importance of Fluent Reading Fluent reading helps students to understand and remember more of what they read and gain better and broader vocabulary knowledge. However, a reader cannot really concentrate on many things thus if they are spending too much effort and attention on getting the words from the page, they have very little left over for understanding the text they are reading. Students need more models of fluent reading. Reading aloud is perfect for this, at any grade, for example, high school students will be able to better understand and read complex literature if they hear what the language sounds like. Teachers reading aloud give examples of expressive reading, reading dialogues, phrasing, and proper use of intonation. In addition to reading literature aloud, teachers should help students develop fluency all along its path of development, such as speed games at the letter and word level, phrase reading, and practicing with the whole text (Deeney, 2009, p. 131). Vocabulary Dictionaries are considered the best for getting a meaning for an unknown word, but a smart reader is sometimes able to figure out the meaning of the word using context or parts of the unknown word. Context clues include parts of the sentence that can help a reader to understand new words while word parts include roots, prefixes and suffixes similar to other known words. Vocabulary skills are important for improving literacy as well as the overall growth
Introduction The need for keeping healthy by eating a healthy and balanced diet has made some scientists come up with food supplements to boost this, however, most food supplements contain toxic elements that are harmful to the human health. As such, it is important to ensure that the population eats healthy foods that are not toxic. Marketing Segment for the Product and Reason for its Selection The company seeks to venture into food and beverages industry; however, the company will specialize mainly in the supplying and selling of dried traditional African vegetables in the US market. The reason for this choice is the need to sensitize and provide the US population (most of who rely on junk foods) with vegetables that are free from harmful toxics and that are high in nutrients. Dried Traditional African Vegetables Traditional leafy vegetables are popular for their high nutritional value. The plants’ leaves are easy to harvest and use as vegetables. The advantage of these foods is that they contain high nutrients that have some medicinal value. In addition to that, the traditional vegetable if well preserved can solve the problem of food security that is being experienced in most parts of the world (especially Africa). Examples of these vegetables are kales and cowpeas. Dried traditional African vegetables if exported to the European market (US) can help the many Americans who strive to keep healthy by eating natural foods that are free from harmful toxins (genetically modified foods). A strategic marketing plan will make this idea practical. The purpose of this paper is to come up with a marketing plan that will try and market dried traditional African vegetables in the US market. The paper will analyze the market target group of the products, the marketing segment, as well as the SWOT analysis of the project. In conclusion, the paper will look at the market position of the dried traditional African vegetables in the US market. Market Segment for the Product Vegetable as a source of foods targets all age groups regardless of their race, religion, gender, and culture. The product seeks to give the US population an African taste through the dried African vegetables. The product however will mainly target the following groups of persons:   * The elderly: These people are sent home for the elderly due to deterioration in health or because of old age.   * The sick: According to Markowitz (2010), obesity is not the only health condition that is affecting most Americans. Other ailment conditions that are caused because of poor dieting include; malnutrit
Every year, millions of teenagers enroll for higher education, and the main purpose behind this is to acquire better education that might help them in building better career prospects. Alcohol can lead to various health-related problems such as liver disease, high blood pressure, heart-related ailments, some kinds of cancers, and injuries due to violence (as a result of intoxication) (Zelman, 2005). Rules and regulations about the use of alcohol in the college premises cannot guarantee observance by the students. They need proper guidance and real-life examples to understand the ill-effects of alcohol. Excessive drinking of alcohol can divert the attention of students from studies and indulge them into futile acts that give pleasure. Students might lose their sense of concentration and get involved in anti-social acts. Educational institutions are meant to impart better education to students so that they can do better in their lives. Such incidents of drinking and their implications can ruin the students’ future. Educational institutions have a moral obligation towards students and their parents. The menace of alcohol has spread to a great extent among students. Over the years, there has been an increase in the hospitalization of ASU students and other youth who have been under the influence of alcohol. It is saddening to note that on average, 1825 students die annually, throughout the country, due to the ill-effects of alcohol (Cataruzulo, 2013). Almost 42% of students are addicted to binge drinking (Cataruzulo, 2013). Such students do not give any importance to the health implications of drinking alcohol. A similar report from the University of Arizona (2007) revealed that every year alcohol consumption was the cause of death of 1,400 students, 500,000 injuries, 670,000 incidents of violence (including sexual violence), and 400,000 cases of unprotected sex. Alcohol consumption also prevented almost 25% of students from attending classes, as a result of which their academic performance was poor. The ‘2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance’ report depicts astounding data. According to the report, among the high school students (national level) who were in some way associated with unlawful drugs, almost 34.6% were from Arizona. Arizona also represented 26.5% of high school students engaged in excessive drinking. These figures put Arizona’s students in the first place (Padilla, 2013). Parents feel proud when their children secure higher ranks in academics, but this is something that they would be disgusted about. Drinking within the college premises is not a new problem. It has been prevalent in American colleges for the past several years. Drinking up to a certain limit is not harmful. Even doctors suggest drinking small doses of alcohol to remain healthy. Of late, drinking alcohol has
Differences between different types of plea bargaining The practice of plea bargaining is widely spread in the United States of America and is recognized as an integral element of the justice system. Despite the popularity of this phenomenon, its benefits are rather disputable ad gave rise to the continuing debates of the specialists working in this field. Though the practice of plea bargaining increases the efficiency of the investigation process significantly, it should be limited for preserving the important constitutional rights of defendants. The two major forms of plea bargaining include charge and sentence bargaining. The first types presupposes prosecutor’s offer an exchange of a less serious charge for a guilty plea. The second type is associated with the promise of a more favorable sentence recommendation. “90 percent of all criminal cases are plea bargained” (Worall, 2010, p. 369). Among the main arguments for implementing plea bargaining are the improved flow of the cases, the benefits for the defendants and the increased victims’ satisfaction. However, this strategy is also compliant with a number of negative consequences. “Some argue that plea bargaining is objectionable because it encourages defendants to waive their constitutional right to trial” (Siegel, 2010, p. 436). Thus, it can result in false confessions in case if a wrongly accused individual does not believe in his/her chances for winning the case and considers the guilty plea as the only way out. Along with the practices of some states of banning plea bargaining for particular crimes or restricting the use of certain types of bargaining were rather successful and can help in observing the defendants’ constitutional rights. Along with all the benefits of plea bargaining for the judicial system, it predetermines a number of disadvantages and should be restricted with proper regulations of the procedures. Ad hoc plea bargaining The term ad hoc plea bargaining is used to define a number of extraordinary concessions made by defendants. Among the most widely spread forms of this phenomenon is the performance of some act for dismissal or receiving a less strict sentence. Taking into account the implementation of unauthorized measures, the use of ad hoc plea bargaining should be restricted. Taking various forms, ad hoc plea bargaining can either become violation of the legislative regulations or be beneficial for the community. The phenomenon is recognized as a rather controversial interpretation of the current legislation (Siegel, 2010, p. 435). Actually, the principle of ad hoc plea bargaining provides prosecutors with opportunities for free interpretation of the regulations and the implementation of unauthorized forms of charges and punishment. While in some cases ad hoc plea bargaining can be beneficial for the community (such as making a monetary contribution to educational programs or labor of public utility), in other cases the prosecutor’s initiatives can take more extreme and inadmissible forms. For instance, in the case Ryan v. Common on Judicial Performance, the criminal charges were dismissed fro
Introduction Modern USA is the country which comprises a lot of different cultures and nationalities. Many people have immigrated to the USA and now they consider themselves the part of American culture. Of course, the US religion has changed. Having suffered some particular changes, American religion presupposes to change in the future. The USA enumerates many religious groups and organizations which still affect the traditional American Catholic Church. Looking at the part of the American religion, it is possible to say that this nation was and remains one of the most religious one. It is difficult to find a nation in this world who honors religion and God the same way as Americans do. Religion in the way how it is presented in the modern America has not been such all the period of time. It is essential to understand that the changes in all spheres of life as well as in the US religion are natural processes. Life does not stand at one and the same place and religion in America develops as well. Of course, some specific visions and canons have remained the same, however, there are also changes in specifics of American life. It is difficult to find more religious country than America, and speaking about the future of American religion this fact is to be considered as well as the fact that other cultures have already affected the life of American citizens and they are going to affect it. The future of American religion is based on the notion of multiculturalism as this is one of the most important processes which takes place in the modern America. History of American Religion Considering the future of the religion in America, it is important to say a couple of words about its past. The future of any process and event in the world takes its beginning from the roots, therefore, the history of any process or the most important events are to be considered before dwelling upon the future of problem under consideration. The religion in the USA began in intolerant manner when each of the citizens of the country was imposed to go to church. Many Native Americans were imposed to visit church due to political and social changes in the county. After making people support the state religion, the constitutional compromise took place where people were allowed to follow the religious views they wanted. This was the period when many smaller religious organizations were created. Even though these religions were based on the central state religion, pluralism in the field could not be avoided. The World War II changed much in the USA. The slavery was abolished many years ago and the specific Black church organizations began to emerge. It also supported the development of diversity in religion. The Future of Religion in America Thus, having considered the past of religion in America, it is possible to predict that the nearest future in the religious life of America is going to change. The changes have started many years ago and it is impossible to stop them. The presence of then state church, Black church and Native church has attracted other nationalities which immigrated to the USA for creating th
Introduction Women have been contributing tremendously in the role transformation from traditional ones to the modern ones. Previously, they were known as home guardians, wives, and mothers whereby giving birth, taking care of children, and providing or their husband was their main roles. In the 21 st century, several women gained consciousness and sought to improve their conditions, as well as their societal positions as far as social, political, and economic aspects of life are concerned. Hannah Snell was one of the women born in 1723 who disguised herself as a man to serve in the British marine. She went on to fight the French in India. Many other women managed to improve their roles, but the focus of this essay is only on two women, including Condoleezza Rice and Hilary Clinton. An interview with them on the roles they have played as women will enable an understanding of Women’s roles. Condoleezza Rice Biographical Information Condoleezza was born on a Sunday morning on 14 November 1954 in Birmingham, Alabama. She was the only child of the late John Rice and Angelina Ray whom both shared the same upbringing beliefs and ambitions. Both parents extremely esteemed their Christian faith and came from families that understood the heritage of oppression. They believed that the schooling system could help their child succeed in life. It is from this that the power of education and a greater zeal to succeed arose. The family relocated to Denver when Rice 13 years of age where the father worked at the University of Denver. She developed an interest in political science and went on to acquire a degree in the same field (Bumiller, 2007). In 1981, she obtained a Ph.D. in political science and public administration from the University of Denver. Being an expert in foreign affairs, she was given the mandate in Bush’s administration to serve as the sectary of state and an adviser on national security issues by the age of 46. She was the first woman in the United States of America to be in this position. In the year 2003, the Iraqi evenness group was formed headed by the Secretary of state. In 2004 to 2007, she was recognized by the Time magazine as one of the most influential people in the world. After being the Secretary of state in 2009, she was approached to fill a vacant apposition as commissioner of PAC but turned it down opting to go back to the University of Stanford as a professor of political science. Historical Status of Women at the Time She observed that women are the mothers of the university scholars who are jobless and are not finding occupations regardless of their hard work of lookin
Abstract Discovery learning arises from tasks and interactions that are motivational to the learner. This paper explores peer-reviewed scholarly articles explaining theories of discovery learning and experiments of online instruction design. It shows that learners experience different motivations for the learner, and the role of the instructional design is to ensure the motivation for learning remains high. Besides, the paper shows that well-meaning programs that are executed badly often hamper discovery learning. Thus, several suggestions are offered as part of the paper’s summary of the issue showing that while students prefer being in control of their learning process, they also need appropriate instruction designs that limit their choices of not taking action. Introduction The instructional design depends on the level of understanding of designers and implementers of learning programs. In this case, tutors, coaches, and teachers using the online platform as their basis for instruction are the main determinants of learning outcomes. When teachers take on the role of coach, they become leaders capable of directing the learning process using new concepts. While doing this, the teachers also mature in their instructional capabilities and realize the potential to improve teaching efficacy through a particular medium (Gallucci, Devoogt Van Lare, Yoon, & Boatright, 2010). Leadership is a distributed or stretched assignment that covers many people with different roles in an organization or school setting. On the other hand, people serving as coaches mainly use instruction teaching. In this view, the coach act as teaching leaders whose effectiveness will be affected by the instructional design used. Thesis Under the guidance of meaningful discovery learning theory, networks are very useful for offering an appropriate environment for learning. Web-based instruction is an example of a networked interface that enables both learning and discovery . While many learners will agree that online learning needs independence and self-regulation, it is also true that many learners are not self-regulated and they need external instruction to succeed. This paper seeks to explain the meaningful discovery learning with adult instruction perspectives and the theories influencing conventional practice. Overview In the 21 st century, computer and communication technology continues to take center stage in the development of society. Online instruction is just one of the many ways that education has adapted to technological and communication advancement. The instruction system includes a learner and a teacher in its basic form who have a direct relationship. There is also the relationship between the learner and the resource and service of the network used for learning. On the other hand, there is a relationship between the teacher and the same resource and service of the network. The teacher organizes resources and services while the learner learns and applies the resources and services. The learner will seek the guidance of the online world from the teacher and will utilize network r