ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Traditions and values differ across cultures. In exploring the issue of rites of passage, outsider and insider viewpoints give a broader picture of the values and customs unique to a particular race. Racial minorities, including African Americans, learn historical information and values that are consistent with their culture. Understanding rites of passage from an insider’s (emic) viewpoint would indicate that cultural differences could be ascribed to the customs or choices specific to each group. Therefore, from an emic perspective, unlike racism, a cultural practice is not a matter of choice, but a belief that people identify with. This paper explores the African American and Japanese cultures from etic and emic perspectives, respectively, and provides a self-reflective stance on the issue of race. An Etic Perspective An ‘etic’ standpoint gives an outsider’s stance on an aspect of a culture. For African Americans, their ancestral history and practices form an important aspect of their race. Race, as a construct, groups people based on their visual characteristics that reflect a common ancestry (Crapo, 2013). It is different from racism, which is the subordination of particular racial groups based on certain beliefs. Emphasis on knowing one’s ancestral practices and values is central to the African American identity. From an ‘etic’ standpoint, cultural heritage can be seen as a universal way of identity formation across cultures. The identity motive ascribed to African Americans could as well be associated with any other minority cultural group. The youth learn their ancestral roots and heritage, which define their identity as an ethnic group. Miner (1956) examines the unique ritual activity of the Nacirema culture that entails ceremonies and household shrines dedicated to cleansing the human body of disease. The Nacirema people believe that the human body is prone to disease and in need of constant cleansing. An anthropologist may not understand the significance of the ritual or the value the Nacirema place on household shrines. From an anthropological perspective, the practice may be likened to standard medical care or ritualistic ablutions that are common across cultures. In this view, this ritual is a hallmark of the Nacirema’s cultural identity, history, and economic/ecological situations. Similarly, for African Americans, their spirituality, sense of communalism, and practices is a source of a distinctive identity for the race. Race is founded on the socially constructed characteristics, such as communalism and spirituality, which define group identity. Identity development is one way a cultural group can distinguish itself from others. Overall, people have a tendency to identify themselves with the attributes that distinguish them from others. African Americans’ distinctive spirituality and communalism are hallmarks of their identity as a race. Acr
Introduction The job of a teacher is both highly rewarding and demanding. Educators need to dedicate their efforts, knowledge, time, and passion to their work in order to do it in a truly productive way and reach the most positive outcomes. However, this profession is also quite stressful: students may be ill-disciplined and inattentive, which leads to distractions during classes. Ironic as it is, the greatest of such diversions occur due to technological development. Cellphones, which were devised to offer people more mobility and convenience, have become the nightmare of professors because their students are constantly distracted during lectures and seminars. Even though one may receive an important message occasionally, it seems that the use of cell phones should be forbidden during classes. Main body The major reason why mobile phones should not be allowed in class is that they distract students from their primary goal and duty: obtaining an education. According to research, young people check their mobiles every 15-20 minutes (Kamenetz). Taking into account the average duration of a class, it is possible to conclude that each learner gets distracted at least 3-4 times. Consequently, much significant information is missed out, leading to further misunderstanding of the topic or even the whole subject. Thus, students should not use their cell phones in order to increase their learning abilities and enhance their understanding of the issues learned. Scholarly research indicates that the heavy use of smartphones is directly related to lower-quality sleep and lower GPAs (Kamenetz). Since the purpose of education is to make young people smarter and more knowledgeable, it is obvious that cellphones constitute a serious obstacle in the way to gaining knowledge and learning valuable information. Some subjects may be easier to catch up with, but there are complicated studies that require full-time attention and presence. Thus, it is necessary to limit the number of times students should be allowed to use their devices at schools, colleges, and universities. It is crucial to create the most comfortable conditions for learners, but they frequently abuse the right to convenience. Every student should realize that personal life should not affect educational achievements. Moreover, it is quite often that students do not solve any serious problems with their family or other close ones, merely browsing social websites or checking the news. Therefore, the limited use of cell phones during classes would be beneficial for learners: they would spend all their time concentrating on the new material rather than diverting their attention from important issues. Another problem associated with the use of cell phones in classes is that professors cannot reach the highest outcomes of their work. There are many types of classes, as well as various kinds of student work, each of which demands proper attention and dedication on the part of not only the teacher but also students. Educators whose students constantly g
Caesar Augustus (Octavius) was a Roman emperor who had been in power since 27 BC. He was a grandnephew of Gaius Julius Caesar, and the board regime, which was established during his reign was called Principate (Woolf, 2012). This emperor had an out standing personality, and he was known for his strength of mind and character that enabled him to become one of the most powerful emperors of the Roman Empire. Biography Details and Notable Actions The future ruler of the empire was born on August 23, 63 BC. He was brought up in a family of the senator Gaius Octavius and Julius Caesar’s niece, Atia. He had health problems, which did not allow him to take military service; thus, he engaged in education actively. When Julius Caesar, the uncle of Augustus, came to power in Rome, Octavius became indeed close to him. After his uncle had been killed, Augustus decided to fight for the power. In 31 BC, Octavius won the victory in the civil war (Woolf, 2012). In addition, he and his army won the war with Mark Antony and Cleopatra. This victory allowed him to concentrate all the power in his hands on January 13, 27 BC (Woolf, 2012). Thus, he became one of the first who was able to concentrate military, civil, and priestly authority. The Roman emperor was firm in his views and always adhered to them both in politics and military affairs. The main principle in military science was the conquest of the territories, whereas in domestic politics he held the strategy of preserving the lasting peace. During Augustus’s reign, the Roman Empire conquered Egypt, the land along the southern bank of the Danube, the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula, as well as the territory between the Rhine and the Elbe. Moreover, under his powerful leadership, trips to areas such as the Dacia, Ethiopia, and South Arabia were made for the first time (Goldsworthy, 2014). However, the last years of the reign were unstable due to Pannonia, Dalmatia, and the Germans tribes’ uprisings. On August 19, 14 BC, the great emperor died. His body was cremated and placed in a mausoleum. Other Facts It is crucial to emphasize that for the first time in the history of Rome propaganda became an important tool for political action. However, the key aspects of Augustus’s action to strengthen the state apparatus was the creation of a stable arm
Introduction A dietary supplement is a product that is made to provide necessities that may not be available in the provided diet. Though the use of these supplements may hold some benefits, most of them are identified to have several side effects. This paper seeks to discuss the supplement chromium. The paper will look into the benefits, possible side effects, restrictions as well as the possible dangers that can be experienced when the supplement is taken together with other medications. Benefits of Chromium Supplement Chromium is one of the most commonly used supplements in the market. The extent to which it has covered the market among individuals who consume nutritional supplements is an indication of the level of benefits derived from the mineral. One of its particular benefits has been its identified capacity to burn fats and lipids from the body. This makes it a source of relief for those individuals who have excess body fats. By reducing the body fat level of a person, the mineral supplement shall have played a very important role in reducing the susceptibility of the particular individual to diseases such as cardiovascular complications that have been associated with excess body fats. Another benefit of the chromium mineral is its capacity to enhance developments in body muscles. This is particularly important in men whose bodies are more expected to be muscular. The mineral will thus help individuals who are interested in increasing their muscles to attain their dream. Muscle development can also help an individual to get into those employment opportunities that require muscles such as working in security departments or even in sports such as rugby. The benefits also extend to health factors in which chromium is used to control ailments such as diabetes and heart complications (Herbalicious, 2010). Possible side effects of chromium supplement There have not been significant cases of reported side effects of the mineral supplements. This is concerning the number of reported cases as well as the level of severity of the side effects that have been reported over chromium. Only a few side effects that are at the same time mild have been reported concerning chromium. The major reported cases have been related to “slight rashes or dizziness” as well as increased experiencing dreaming when an individual starts the use of the chromium supplement (Challem, 2003). Restrictions The use of chromium does not have significant legal restrictions. It is however restricted in the recommended level of consumption that depends on factors such as “age, overall health, an
Samuel Robert Cassius is one of the black leaders of the Restoration period belonging to the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement. Two books by E.J. Robinson show that Samuel Robert Cassius was an important figure in religious movements of his time bringing innovative ideas and values to the civil rights movement and religious movement. Robinson’s description underscores the immense popularity of Cassius, the man who rose from humble origins and achieved notoriety. It also emphasizes the fact that the narrator, a young enslaved African man, was so enthralled with other leaders of this period and preaching that he boldly ventured into a confined public setting filled undoubtedly with hundreds of white people. Robinson portrays that it was very difficult for a black man to participate in the Restorationist Movement and proved his ability to lead and manage followers. the Restorationist Movement was a Christian movement aimed to renew the Christian church. During the 19 th century, black men wer
Introduction A repository for the waste that is radioactive in nature is essentially a arrangement of well-though out and naturally existing barriers that help in the isolation of waste emanating from the environment and the activities of human beings. The most profound natural barriers include the surrounding geological formations as well as the host rock, with each possessing the geochemical, hydrogeological as well as geological properties. The barriers avail the probable conditions, in which the radioactive wastes are centrally emplaced such that retardation of the transportation process of the radionuclides may be released from the most profound, and reliable engineering systems that were to be accessible to the environment. The ultimate process of selecting the site should carry the geochemical, hydrogeological and geological properties that are quite favorable for waste isolation as this becomes of prime importance (Mongillo and Zierdt-Warshaw 45). There is however other additional factors that are expected to be set in place and this include the economic, societal as well as technical matters that should be placed into consideration in the site selection. Apparently, site selection, as well as site characterization to various establishments of the repository sites, has previously been performed in several cases and this case favors the United Kingdom with absolute loyalty to outstanding bodies and organizations involved (United States Congress 57). In most cases, the underground research laboratories are quite significant as they are located near such sites. The repository sites may further be built near nuclear plants hence facilitating the most immediate dumping site without making unnecessary movements that may further cause more problems. The primary purpose of the underground research facilities revolves around the detailed investigation of the entire repository site, in this context; the central objective is to explore the general processes that are placed into consideration in the selection of the geological repository sites as well as deducing the characterization of the deep geological disposal of the radioactive waste (United States Congress 61). The site selection, in this case, favors the deep disposal of the higher activity wastes in bedrock between 500 to 1000 meters below the ground level. Site Selection For the purpose of site selection, the paper favors the Sellafield as one of the best location where the facility can be staged. This went alongside the site assessment process that was quite stepwise and at the same time, evaluative in terms of the land use, topography, hydrology and the history of the location of choice. A recap of the site location process gives a preview of two significant stages, which include the site characterization stage and the site confirmation stage. Brief details on the site characterization stage state that there must be need to sufficiently investigate the site before developing the preliminary site designs as well as conducting the safety assessments. In th
An organization with a problem in the visual management using the 5M The concept of visual quality management and 5M refer to the quality management approach developed by the Japanese manufacturers, which are currently used globally to improve manufacturing practices and ensure high quality of products and efficiency of processes. This notion originates from the quality of manufacturing approach Lean. The basis of this strategy is man, material, machines, methods, and money, which are the 5 M’s. Since Lean aims to improve production and ensure that it is efficient and produces products with consistent quality, 5M’s help define issues in each of the domains and develop a strategy for addressing them. According to Bevilacqua, Ciarapica, and Paciarotti (2015), “the aim of visual management is to make information available, timely and understandable” (p. 753). The authors provide a case study example of an automobile manufacturer AUTOFirm who had constant quality control issues due to flawed quality control processes. Using the 5M concept to inspect the automobile manufacturer’s issues, one can argue that problems existed in the domains of machines, methods, and money since this manufacturer had a flawed system of visual inspection and error detection, issues with information exchange due to manual data entry, and subsequent financial losses. The primary strategy of visual control is to ensure the simplicity of information provided to employees. The main elements of visual quality control identified by Tezel, Koskela, and Tzortzopoulos are “transparency, discipline, continuous, improvement, job facilitation, on-the-job training, creating shared ownership, management by facts, simplification, unification” (as cited by Bevilacqua, Ciarapica, & Paciarotti, 2015, p. 754). Abad (2019) defines visual management as one of the most essential and useful tools that emerged as part of the Japanese manufacturing strategies, which allows examining a process or performance visually and synthesize information to improve it. The author explains that in factories that use this methodology, one can see simple signs indicating visual quality control management. For example, signs that indicate different areas of production and manufacturing, provide names of different machinery, documentation that outlines the standards of work. Moreover, visual quality management incorporates measurements that display the current performance of a facility when compared to the previous or planned performance, presented visually on boards as graphs or numbers. Finally, visual quality control includes the presentation of different activities such as value stream maps, Gannt diagrams, and othe
Introduction According to (Jensen, 1996), most Departments of correction are incurring challenges in terms of cost and this directly impacts individuals. In order to save cost for the budget, the departments are reducing expenditure on the basic expenses such as lighting and the volume of water being used by inmates as well as installing panels to enhance energy saving. The prisons are also being encouraged to be generating their source of livelihood by engaging in income generating activities such as agriculture, where the inmates can provide labor. Any program that seems not to deliver as targeted is also being considered for elimination as well as reducing excess and unnecessary expenditure such as time allocated for recreation. The workload in the cells is also being considered for reduction by ensuring more inmates in the cells are engaged in community service. The aim of this paper is to address each of these areas where effective reduction in the D.O.C budget is possible. Essay Body Research has shown that, if there can be timers in the cells to regulate the consumption of electricity in the cells, it is possible to have them turn off the lights at a certain time of the night such as 11 pm. Prison wanders should be sensitized through energy-saving teams organized by the federal government to conduct training as well as provide an assessment to the personnel on the ground. This should be targeted towards establishing a change implementation plan. Prisons should start using compact-fluorescent tubes that should be turned off if not being used. In case there are recreational facilities such as TVs and computers or any other electronic; it should be turned off whenever it is not in use. Light sensors should also be installed in common rooms and hallways as well as gyms to ensure lights are only on when these facilities are in use. The gadget operates on the motion of the objects and is able to detect when inmates are moving in and out thus putting on and off the light as necessary. (Cole, 2005). (Freudenberg, 2001) suggested that, the budget on the consumption of water may also be cut down if the number of flashes in the toilets can be regulated to a maximum of two per minute in each toilet allocated to inmates. These should be accompanied by programs to educate the inmates so that there is harmony in im
The exhibition Andrew Wyeth: Looking Out, Looking In, featured at the National Gallery of Arts (May 4 – November 30, 2014), is about providing people with the opportunity to observe the original paintings of Andrew Wyeth – an American artist, known for being able to ensure the unmistakably impressionist spirit of his formally realist (abstract) artworks. As it is being pointed out in the exhibition’s webpage: “(Wyeth’s) watercolor studies (are) quickly executed to capture a momentary impression” (‘Andrew Wyeth” par. 2). Even though throughout his life, Wyeth did enjoy considerable popularity, as an artist, it is only today that his paintings are beginning to be appreciated to the extent that they truly do deserve. After all, along with representing a high aesthetic value, Wyeth’s works can also be referred to as intellectually stimulating. The reason for this is that the concerned paintings do imply that, contrary to what many art-lovers believe, it is indeed possible to incorporate two or more conceptually inconsistent artistic styles, within what happened to be the composition of a single painting. In its turn, this resulted in dividing art-lovers (at least in this country) on those who are being fascinated by Wyeth’s masterworks, on one hand, and those who cannot quite stand them, on the other. This statement correlates well with Kennicott’s suggestion that: “Wyeth committed at least two unpardonable sins, hewing to a realist style during an age of abstraction and irony, and achieving extraordinary popular success” (par. 2). Thus, we can say the strongly defined aura of controversy, emanated by the art of Wyeth, can alone be considered as such that creates the objective preconditions for some of the artist’s most famous paintings to be exhibited at the National Gallery of Arts. It appears that the exhibition’s curators did succeed in their intention to popularize the artistic works of Wyeth. The validity of this idea can be illustrated in regards to both: the spatial/representational aspects of the exhibition in question, and the discursive appropriateness of the actual selection of Wyeth’s paintings. The first of the above-mentioned refers to the fact that, while observing Wyeth’s paintings, viewers do not seem to be getting distracted by whatever happened to be the particulars of the affiliated hall-settings. In part, this can be explained by the curators’ decision to present the exhibited paintings in the spatially linear manner, consistent with the fact that most of them are in essence Wyeth’s artistic impressions of windows (this explains the exhibition’s actual name). What als