ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The ethnography reviewed is entitled “Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight”. The ethnography was done by Clifford Geertz and his wife. The main theme of the ethnography was the study of Balinese cockfight, an event that was held to raise money to be used in building a new school. A Balinese cockfight is a form of fight in which men fight by proxy using the cocks. Men spend their time grooming, feeding, and ensuring that their cocks are able win on their behalf. This implies that the owner of the winning cock is actually the winner. Clifford Geertz and his wife arrived in the Balinese nation as professors of anthropology and were actually cleared by the Balinese government (Geertz para 1). Methods Clifford Geertz and his wife traveled to the village where the cockfight was held. They used triangulation in the process of collecting the qualitative data. During the cockfight, the two anthropologists were amongst the crowd who watched the community cockfight. They had arrived in the village the previous day and familiarized themselves with certain aspects of the community. To get more detailed data on the cockfight, the anthropologists engaged the use of interviews and discussions so that the members of that community would easily and freely give the right information about the cockfight. The data collected was not statistical but qualitative. The data was analyzed as a case study (Green and Thorogood, p. 137). Contents The Raid The anthropologists arrived in the Balinese village in April 1958; the village they intended to study had a population of approximately five hundred people. The village is described as remote and almost existed as its own world. The ethnographer describes that they were intruders and that the Balinese residents treated them as so; the Balinese people never got concerned with the two professional anthropologists and treated them as though they never existed. The ethnographer states that, on their arrival in the village they were accommodated in an extended family home with a large compound. He records that their stay in that extended family’s compound was a pre-arrangement by the local government officials. The ethnographer accounts on how everybody in the village, except the extended family and their relatives and the village chief, ignored them and was never interested in talking or greeting them. The fact that almost ev
Global population trends for industrial and developing nations: Future Challenges and Implications The global population trends have been of a major concern to World Governments, Organizations, and Scientific bodies. This was due to the world’s population exceeding 6 billion by 1999. Although there has been a drastic population growth, the trend has been non-uniform in all parts of the world. For instance, in an industrialized region like Europe, the population by 2009 was 732 million and the 2050 population expectation is 609 million. However, for a developing region like Africa, at the same instance had a population of 1,010 million and expects 1,748 million by 2050 (Engelman, 2010). It is wise to note that the developed regions though have many resources, are trying to control their population growth, and vice versa for the developing regions. This is quite ironical. The United Nations experts are in consent that the global population may reach its peak of 8 billion, and beyond 2040, it may begin to decline. Contrariwise, population growth expectation will be from the less developed nations. Additionally, the average life expectancy in the industrialized regions is higher than that in less developed regions. This reveals that people in more developed regions are likely to live for long than their counterparts in developing regions. The varying fertility rate in these regions is responsible for the different population growth. For example, in United States women have two children on average while in Niger it is more than seven children (Fitzgerald, 2011). Therefore, it is true that a high percentage of population growth occurs in developing regions, which already accommodates more than 82 percent of the global population. For developed regions, the reduction in fertility, improvement in health services, and rise in life expectancy leads to rise in median age since most people are aging (Lutz, 2004). This scenario is the exact opposite of the developing regions, where the majorities are the young people. In explaining the population disparity, regions like Africa rely on traditional religions, which discourage family planning as a means of controlling birthrates. In addition, cultural attitudes encourage large families. They view many children as signs of wealth. There are numerous challenges that are likely to face the two different regions. Urbanization, the movement to urban areas to get access better health care, education, and lucrative job opportunities, is an eminent challenge. With the insurgent of large population in the urban areas, problems like poor sanitation, inadequate water supply, and poor social services become common (Global Challenges Facing Humanity, n.d.). Remarkably, these challenges will result due to the presence of unskilled groups with no sensible investments. Another problem of slum development will emerge, as there will be challenges of urban planning. Plans to improve these standards seem dim because the challenges are rampant in less developed nations with already strained economy. In Mexico, for example, statistics shows that alongside pollution, the city faces severe water shortage (Fitzgera
Media ownership is the act of fewer organizations and individuals controlling escalating shares in the mass media (Saeed & Saleem, 2020). Media ownership exists in different forms but benefits few individuals of mass media. For instance, vertical ownership is the incidence of individuals and organizations owning various associations in mass media production and distribution stages. Horizontal ownership constitutes organizations or individuals owning different but similar products of mass media. Diagonal ownership comes in when diverse media businesses are cross-owned. Media ownership has resulted in significant impacts, more specifically to the big six conglomerates, including Time Warner, GE/Comcast, CBS, The Walt Disney Company, Viacom, and News Corporation. Information has become a significant power in today’s internet-driven world. The degree and pace at which it is spread are approximately compared to authority and money. Hence, ownership of such powers by more prominent media companies such as the big six conglomerates as stat
Introduction On the forefront of discoveries that paved the path for research on amino acids were two French chemists Vauquelin and Robiquet who witnessed the formation of asparagine, an AA, in nature. In 1820, glycine became the first AA to be isolated from gelatin, a protein, through a chemical reaction with sulfuric acid. The term amino acid was coined by the French Chemist Broconnot and became commonly used in the English language in 1898. By 1925, more than twenty AA had been discovered, and by the 1950s, the number had amounted to 200. This essay aims at giving a comprehensive definition of amino acids and drawing a clear line between essential and non-essential amino acid groups while explaining their roles in the human body. Amino Acids in the Human Body In modern science, amino acids are defined as organic compounds that include both amino and acid groups. Amino acids combine to create proteins, which are the building blocks of the human body. The human body needs twenty amino acids to function correctly (Starr, Taggart, & Evers, 2018). Nine of them are called essential because humans cannot produce them on their own and, hence, have to ensure their regular intake of food. The human body synthesizes nonessential amino acids in its cells. Most of the 11 nonessential AA (alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, and serine) are derived from glucose (Ryadnov & Hudecz, 2016). The only exception is tyrosine, which the body synthesizes from phenylalanine – an essential AA. Amino acids have remarkably different chemical properties and metabolic functions in the human body. Below is the list of all the essential amino acids with a short description of their role in maintaining good health:  1. Lysine: building muscle and bone strength, facilitating recovery after an injury or surgery, and upholding hormonal balance as well as regulating antibodies and enzymes.  2. Histidine: blood cell creation and tissue growth and repair. When metabolized into histamine by the human body, it strengthens the immune and reproductive systems.  3. Threonine: skin and hair health, digestion, and mild depression prevention.  4. Methionine: skin, hair, and nails strength.  5. Valine: mental concentration, emotional stability, and muscle growth and coordination.  6. Isoleucine: tissue repair, blood sugar moderation, and hormonal balance.  7. Leucine: blood sugar regulation, tissue repair, and growth hormone production.  8. Phenylalanine facilitates the proper use of other amino acids as well as enzymes and proteins.  9. Tryptophan: serotonin (happiness hormone) and melatonin (sleep hormone) precursor (Ryadnov & Hudecz, 2016). Amino Acid Deficiency and Dietary Recommendations Animal products such as meat, poultry, eggs, and milk products are recognized as the best sources of essential amino acids for humans. This claim is often debated by the adherents of cruelty-free lifestyles – vegetarianism and
Cardiovascular disease relates to the disorders of the heart, which propel blood to the tissues and the blood vessels, where the blood moves through. Some of the cardiovascular diseases include stroke and heart disease, which are among the leading causes of fatalities in the U.S. The Centers for Disease Control & prevention (CDC) maintains that about one third of the U.S citizens cope with the cardiovascular disease effects particularly stroke or heart disease. The expenses related to managing the disease are high leave alone the fatalities that are related to cardiovascular diseases, which amounts to around 30% globally. My grandfather for instance is suffering from hypertension or high blood pressure. Blood pressure when it is high, it destroys the blood vessels causing them to bleed and clotting of blood occurs within them. The injured sections of the vessels may have an upsurge of plaque through a procedure referred to as atherosclerosis. Risk factors predispose an individual to contact a cardiovascular disease. Some of the risk factors can be managed while others cannot. For instance, age, genetic factor and gender cannot be controlled while others such as hypertension and blood lipids can be managed through lifestyle changes. Hypertension amounts to the force applied on arteries when the heart is either contracting or relaxing, processes referred to as systole and diastole respectively. Arteries are lined by a layer called endothelium, which prevent clotting and facilitate blood flow. When they are injured, bleeding results and clots occur. The injured sites have plaque buildup and there results to excess blood pressure, further damaging the blood vessels. This may result to the heart using excess force to pump blood to the tissues thus a need for more oxygen. Failure to provide the oxygen may result to angina and for extended periods, the heart may enlarge thus failing to pump blood optimally, which is followed by fluid accumulation in the tissues and may result to congestive heart failure. Additionally, blood lipids may lead to cardiovascular disease due to excess consumption of fats, which is converted to triglycerides and transmitted in the bloodstream by very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Thus, more consumption of fats means more VLDL carriers to adipose tissue where they are stored and VLDL changes to Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL). LDL has more cholesterol, which is taken to cells if required. On oxidation LDL increases and may cause a deposition along arterial walls, thus facilitating atherosclerosis. Therefore, LDL is referred to as bad cholesterol since it facilities buildup of plaque. Besides, my grandfather is seventy years and as age increases, the more the likelihood of acquiring cardiovascular disease. Additionally, males have a higher probability of developing the condition than females. To manage the risks, my grandfather had to make lifestyle changes, which include regular physical exercises especially through swimming and jogging. This has pro
Introduction The Home Depot and IKEA are world-known companies retailing household products and appliances. Both of the companies have gained a good reputation for selling a wide range of high-quality home improvement goods. They share some similar characteristics through their strategies of expansion to the world differ. The Home Depot and IKEA attempted to gain popularity in China, but the results were different. The expansion of The Home Depot to China failed. The company had to close its main stores there. IKEA has established an impressive network of stores in China. It is important to analyze the causes, which have led to such results. It can help to understand the specifics of entering the Asian market and prompt the appropriate conclusions. The distinct features of the companies, their strategies, and peculiar issues associated with their expansion to China need to be investigated. The Home Depot is an American trading network and one of the largest distributive networks selling home appliances and tools on the planet. The company has 355 thousand employees. The network consists of nearly 2 thousand stores in the USA and several other countries. It made 83 billion dollars in sales in 2014. The Home Depot is known for big-box retail outlets and orange aprons worn by the employees. IKEA is a Dutch company with a Swedish origin. It controls a multinational network of stores selling ready-to-assemble furniture and home appliances. The company has 127 thousand employees. The network consists of 325 stores in 41 countries. It made 28 billion Euros in sales in 2012. IKEA stores are known for their unique design, using national Swedish colors and Scandinavian names of products. Every store has a marketplace, a showroom, a restaurant, and a play area for kids. Main body The Home Depot started the process of its expansion to China in 2006. The company bought The Home Way, a Chinese retailer of household production. Twelve stores were opened in six cities. After several years, the Home Depot closed seven big-box retailer outlets in China and since then has not taken any attempts to reopen them. The company focused on several specialty stores. The roots of the company’s failure in establishing a network of big stores in China can be found in the specifics of its business environment. The internal environment of The Home Depot reflects the strategies that work in such Western countries as the USA and Canada. The company’s production methods are not flexible enough to adjust its stores to the unique and specific Chinese market, which differs a lot from the American one. In China, people mostly leave in flats. The products offered by The Home Depot are more likely to find a market in the countries where the biggest part of the population lives in houses. Some people regard a “do-it-yourself” character of prod
In this scenario, EM, the 52-year-old alcoholic, has battled type 2 diabetes for long. EM consumes alcohol while taking medication, thereby going against the recommendations of care providers. Evidence shows that doctors discourage alcohol intake when taking type 2 diabetes medications such as extended-release glyburide and sustained-release metformin (Glucophage) (Alromaihi, Zielke & Bhan, 2010). This analysis shows that the death of EM is a result of various factors associated with inappropriate use of prescription medicines. The factors that are involved in the death of EM include glucose utilization, inappropriate use of prescription drugs, and effects of alcohol. EM is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and the doctor advises him to take the prescribed drugs, but to keep of alcohol, due to its negative reactionary effects with medications. Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas fails to produce insulin hormones that help in regulating blood sugar levels (Dunning, 2013). Diabetes occurs in pancreases that fail to produce enough insulin. While insulin transfers glucose into cells for energy creation, diabetes makes sure that patients cannot utilize glucose properly, creating blood buildups. Although it is manageable, diabetes development mixes genes and lifestyle that if not well managed may create serious complications. Metformin extended-release tablets such as Glucophage, create lactic acidosis, a near-fatal condition (Dunning, 2013). These cases exist among patients with particular problems too. Lactic acidosis is greater for patients that are taking alcohol and have problems with their hearts, liver, and kidneys. Further, the pancreas of a type-2 diabetic patient responds to insulin inappropriately. Thus, consuming alcohol makes the management of blood sugar worse among these patients. With a poor pancreas, the patient is prone to chronic elevations in blood sugar levels, contributing to the patient’s death (Dunning, 2013). From the case, EM is indulging in alcohol drinking while aware that alcohol reacts negatively with the prescription drugs. This is a case of blatant ignorance on the part of EM. Next, Hypoglycemia is an imbalance between insulin intake and the psychological needs of a body (Becker, 2001). Hypoglycemia occurs in patients who drink a lot of alcohol, particularly because alcohol intoxication is prone to hypoglycemic impacts. Alcohol restrains gluconeogenesis thereby worsening hypoglycemia. The patient could have severe organ illnesses, given his long-term addiction to alcohol. A possible cause for EM’s death is liver or kidney disease, associated with alcohol and hypoglycemia. Indeed, doctors often advise patients to limit their alcohol intake when taking extended-release tablets (Becker, 2001). Patients should avoid binge drinking or habitual alcohol drinking; because, alcohol increases the possibility of a
Introduction The world is a host to many different types of people with different backgrounds and holding different cultural views. Therefore, it necessitates formulation of rules and regulations, which are intended to help these individuals to conduct them in a way that will maketheir life simpler and sober (Kerwin & Scott, 2010). This is done by establishing administrative policies. As such, administrative policies are those rules created in an organization aimed at guiding the company’s overall performance and as such, the company ensure that the organization archive its targeted milestone. These rules are usually made by the organization officials to help the subordinate or the outside world to perform as required. As usual, these rules always restrict the performance of a person. As such, rules give guidance to a person, that is, to act according to the main goal of an institution or country. The notion of the rules leads to easy operation and quick achievement of the goal (Kerwin & Scott, 2010). Thesis Statement The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between a bureaucratic or an administrative policy and a legal or ethical dilemma, strategy or innovation. Discussion The difference in perception of people concerning the rules creates a dilemma whereby, one is unable to choose from the set rules concerning what course of action he should take in order to have the same performance. The confusion created makes the goal unrealizable. Moreover, these dilemmas delay the performance of an organization. In order to achieve any set goal, some strategies have to be established in an effort towards ensuring that, everyone in the organization is informed and that every employee abides to the statute (Trimble, 2011). The generated strategies need to be known by everyone. This in turn will ensure that, focus on the set goals is shifted from in individual point of view to a group point of view. The ethical dilemma brought about by the administrative policies tends to make people to act against their will which may bring contravene of oneself. This is a great challenge, which an organization needs to address in an effort towards bringing everyone on board into a consensus regarding matter pertaining to his or her performance (Trimble, 2011). As to comprehend the relationship between the set rules and the dilemma, which result from their perceptions, it is necessary that one focus on the Chesapeake Bay Environment Protection. Chesapeake Bay is a bay in North America. It is greatly spread in areas around Virginia. Due to the favorable environment around the Bay, the area is highly inhabited (Ferrier, & Jenkins, 2009). The approximated number of people who live on the banks of the Bay is about 4.7 million people, this, therefore pose as a great risk since it is likely that the people living there will destroy the not only the immediate environment but also the water in the ocean. Therefore, the government had to create rules and regulations to control the ac
Executive Summary There are notable impacts of globalization on the performance of companies. Evidently, there is need for adoption of more strategic measures. These are applicable within all business operations. Marketing, organizational leadership and collaborations are important. These factors are eminent within this report. Apple and Samsung companies face these challenges. The companies are associated with the contemporary Samsung galaxy s3 and iPhone 4s.The companies have remarkable performance and development history (Murray-Webster & Williams, 2010). They also have wide range of trade networks and product portfolio. They produce electronic gadgets that have diverse functional capacities. The report analyses the macro and micro-environmental forces that influence performance of these companies. There are vital lessons drawn from the analysis of these two companies. Introduction This paper analyzes the Apple and Samsung companies. They are renowned global electronic producing corporations. In particular, Samsung Corporation manufactures TVs and mobile phones. Presently, it produces the modern Samsung galaxy s3. On the other hand, Apple Company produces the iPhone 4s. These corporations are notable global competitors. Their products are highly popular and acceptable within various global destinations. Indicatively, the two companies depict a high level of innovative technology (Palmer, 2004). This is notable from the period of their inception. The report examines various business factors influencing competition and success in these two companies. Various strategic tools of analysis are applicable in the process. These include the PESTEL and SWOT methodologies. Consequently, there is an analysis of the market strategies pertinent to each of these companies. The report also provides important recommendations. Industry Background Electronic industry has shown tremendous growth. This is due to the increased global demand for electronic products. Particularly, this applies for the smart phones and contemporary personal computers. Evidently, the increased demand for electronic items is surpassing supply. That is, there is low supply due to the diminishing supply of raw materials. These materials are crucial in the production of