ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The world, at the present is heavily burdened with multitudinous issues. There are problems with terrorism, the global economy, and many others. One of the most paramount problems is the preservation of the environment. It is extremely difficult to attempt to forge ahead with our current technology. This machinery often releases harmful gases into our atmosphere. Additionally, there are always concerns with expanding into unperturbed lands. Many are so caught up in expansion and monetary gain that they do not realize the effects that they are having on our environment. However, there are many pioneers that recognize the value and importance of our natural habitat. One of these individuals is Bill Belleville, a world-renowned environmental documentarian who has an ample focus on the wildlife in the state of Florida. He also is an avid writer, taking up his plea of wildlife protection through profuse non-fiction articles.. In fact, “He has authored six books, contributed to eight national anthologies, written over 1,000 articles & essays, scripted and co-produced seven films.” (Festival of the Moving Image). Relationship to hope Bill Belleville’s newest work is Salvaging the Real Florida: Lost and Found in the State of Dreams. Although this piece contained an exuberant quantity of importance information, it was not the only element that I retained after viewing. Hope is what I found to be the most inspiring part of this work, as well as Belleville’s other pieces. Just analyze this individual and what he has done with his life. He has taken it upon himself to do everything in his power to protect the wildlife in the state of Florida. There was no desire for notoriety for monetary gain, just true affection for the world around us. It is so rare that we see this type of dedication to an undertaking that in the end will only pay us back in inner peace. Everyone is so caught up in the rat race of life that they do not take the time to appreciate the beauty of nature, its constant evolution, and how it supports us on a daily basis. Belleville’s talent Another aspect that I really enjoyed about Belleville was that he has a very adept ability in authoring. This man can take his stories and facts and concoct them in such a way that is brilliant and intriguing. He paints a fantastic picture in one’s mind when relaying his past endeavors. “Clumps of turtle grass float at the surface, and black mangroves hug the shore, their characteristic air roots poking up under the bushes like black pencils” (Belleville 1). This is one of the generous prose that this individual has scripted. It is very rare that we find such a balance of artistic talent as well as incredible intelligence. For the most part individuals that partake in this type of study do not have the artistic background to paint the picture as effectively as Belleville is able to. Their writing is often filled with confusing jargon and although commendable in its own right, is difficult to describe the beauty and maj
Introduction The experimental method is an important tool that allows scientists to make significant discoveries. However, some of the most major findings were made during experiments the ethical side of which remains doubtful. The experiments conducted by Milgram in the 1960s are an example of such studies; their results were among the most significant discoveries about the human’s behavioural tendencies, but the method caused a vast amount of discussions on ethical issues. In this paper, after describing the Milgram’s main experiment and its findings, we will consider the ethical problems that arise, and discuss some similar experiments that were adapted to avoid these problems. Milgram’s Main Experiment The main experiment conducted by Milgram (1963) was designed to test the level of naive subjects’ obedience to authority. The subjects were told that the experiment tested the potency of punishment in improving learning capabilities, and were asked to administer electrical shocks to a “learner” (an accomplice of the experimenter). The subject did not know the shocks were false; measures were taken to convince the subject that the shocks were real. The “learner” was given some pairs of words. Then he was told one word from one of the pairs, and four more words. The “learner” had to choose the word that came in a pair with the first word, and press a respective button, which turned on a respective light that the participant could see. The subject did not see or hear the learner. If the answer was wrong, the subject was to apply an electric shock to the “learner” and continue. Each time the subject had to increase the voltage of the shock by 15 V. The voltage of electric shocks ranged from 15 V to 450 V, and there were 30 switches; they were subdivided into the following groups: “Slight Shock, Moderate Shock, Strong Shock, Very Strong Shock, Intense Shock, Extreme Intensity Shock, Danger: Severe Shock” (Milgram, 1963); the last two switches were marked XXX. When the participant paused or stopped, four standardized phrases were used to tell them to go on. If, after being told all the phrases, the subject refused to administer more shocks, they were considered as one who defied the experiment. The others, who carried on and administered the highest shock (450 V), were considered obedient (Milgram, 1963). Importantly, when the subject applied the 300 V shock (the last one in the “Intense Shock” subsection), the “lea
Rationale and Explanation One of the problems related to healthcare administration and management is labor shortages in U.S. hospitals. The focus is not only on nursing shortages but on problems with recruiting and retaining talented physicians to work in healthcare facilities, including those located in rural areas (DesRoches et al. 672). Healthcare administrators and managers are interested in attracting more talented physicians to address labor shortages in their facilities. Still, limitations associated with the policy regarding licensure requirements do not provide healthcare administrators with many opportunities to recruit internationally educated physicians (Gordon 95). To successfully compete in the industry, hospital administrators and leaders focus on developing strategies in the context of the existing national and state healthcare policies to address labor shortages (Yee et al. 2). The purpose of this qualitative study project is to investigate what particular strategies implemented by healthcare administrators to address labor shortages in hospitals are effective to resolve the issue. Methodology and Instruments To address the purpose of this project and collect qualitative data, it is necessary to conduct interviews with healthcare administrators and managers of five local hospitals, where labor shortages associated with the medical staff are reported. Semi-structured interview protocols with only a few questions will be used to guide conversations about effective strategies applied by leaders to address the problem. Interviews will be recorded with the help of an Olympus digital recorder. The interview data will be transcribed, and narratives will be coded to identify recurrent themes and determine strategies that are used by healthcare administrators to address labor shortages in their facilities. Project Proposal 2 The topic for a Qualitative Study Reinforcers Used by Healthcare Administrators and Managers to Contribute to the Successful Change Implementation Rationale and Explanation A range of healthcare policies that are regularly adopted at federal, state, and local levels require frequent changes in strategies and operations followed in facilities. The problem is that change projects are usually challenging tasks for healthcare administrators and managers because of the necessity to implement the change effectively and motivate employees to accept it (Morris 2; Spaulding et al. 152). If such changes are comparably frequent, healthcare professionals can demonstrate resistance and high-stress levels, as well as reject changes despite their dependence on the recent policies. As a result, while implementing the change, many healthcare administrators and managers choose to apply certain reinforcers to moti
The Heian period is considered to be one of the most remarkable periods when arts and especially literature flourished. This period is also associated with a very special role women played at the royal court. Some researchers claim that this was the period of certain empowerment of women as they occupied specific posts at the court (Ebrey et al. 208). However, this was also the time when women shaped the very nature of Japanese literature and developed a very special literary style. Some works created at that time are still regarded as some of the most significant masterpieces of the world literature. Females made Japanese literature refined, intimate a bit subjective, but absolutely majestic. During the Heian period women started playing a more active role in the Japanese society. However, this role was still secondary as males were regarded as superior members of the society. This was revealed in various fields. For instance, women were not taught Classical Chinese as that language was seen as “very much a male preserve” (Bowring 11). It is believed that males were afraid of possible empowerment of women through their knowledge of the formal state language and, thus, males did not let women learn the Chinese language (Bowring 12). Though, it is also important to note that women were not deprived of education as they could use Japanese which was then a written language (Bowring 12). The Japanese language was not spoken at that time and was seen as somewhat archaic. However, this was not an obstacle for women who started writing down their contemplations and observations, their dreams and aspirations. Soon Japanese prose became an example of the most refined language. Women remained in the terrain males reserved for them. Females kept diaries where they shared their feelings and their viewpoints. These pieces were rather fragmented and addressed a variety of issues. This specific style had become classic soon. For instance, during this period two major works, which are regarded as major masterpieces of the period, were written: Pillow Book by Sei Shonagun and Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu. These works are very intimate but they are regarded as historical and literary works. As has been mentioned above, the authors expressed their feelings and their viewpoints. They also wrote about their life at the court and depicted events which had happened. However, what is the most remarkable about the period and women’s role at the court is the refined style developed by female authors. Notably, Bowring claims that the language itself was one of the factors that contributed to development of such a refined style (12). Admittedly, the written language was not spoken at that time and female authors had to use quite formal structures without making their works too ‘prosaic’. Of course, the language played a very important role. However, those were females who created the so-called “flowery language” (qtd. in Bowring 12). They had specific vision and specific style which c
How people view Jungian spiritual realm theories today Individuals still find Jung’s work on spirituality relevant due to its ability to explain how the human psyche works. Jung acknowledged that it was not enough to focus on one’s ego conscious; knowing the unconscious was crucial to understanding oneself, and spirituality formed an important part of this. In modern times, people also think that this scholar’s teachings are relevant because he found a way of relating the level of one’s spirituality with one’s psychological state. Jung asserted that it is possible to get rid of insecurities, anxiety and loss if one had a solid spiritual experience. Finally, many people believe in existentialist thought today. They focus on being present in the moment rather than spiritualizing everything. Jung was an existentialist because he believed in focusing fully on the divine rather than worrying about the future. If a person were fully present in the spiritual realm, then one could free oneself from fear and anxiety. Likewise, modern-day existentialists assert that dwelling on one’s spirituality can protect one from the reality of never really knowing about one’s future. Jung’s spiritual realm theories still interest many individuals today since their principles can be applied to daily life. Truths in Anima, Animus, Shadow and Person Jung’s four archetypes are also quite relevant in the field of psychology presently. The scholar explained that human beings have two opposing personifications: the anima and animus. In women, the animus personifies masculine tendencies and is aggressive or hostile. Conversely, the anima personifies feminine tendencies in women. Some truths exist in these archetypes as seen through interactions between men and women in relationships. Men and women sometimes project their expectations about the opposite gender on their spouses. They distort the image of what their partner truly is with their projection of these expectations. One may compare these projections with the anima and animus. Individuals may become disappointed by their partner when they expect their partner to complete them. These expectations may be likened to unrealized potential in the woman’s anima or the man’s animus (Jacques, 1994). Jung explained that the persona is how one presents oneself to the world. Such appearances often differ when an individual confronts different situations. The archetype has some truths because one may be an entertainer at a social gathering, a caring mother at home, and a tough boss in the office. It is t
Introduction Well established modern business organizations have increasingly been seeking to expand their operations beyond the boundaries of their mother countries. Consequently, international trade has been stirred up and accelerated thanks to advancement made by man in Information Communication Technology (ICT) and other areas during 19 th and 20 th Centuries. Business organizations particularly from world’s major economies and the emerging Asian economies offering goods and services in different commercial sectors or industries are striving to establish a high profile presence in the international markets in an attempt to enhance their profitability and remain competitive in an era of accelerated globalization. Some of them are part and parcel of the business organizations known as multinational corporations (MNCs) or multinational enterprises (MNEs) which have operational branches in virtually all stable nations world over. There are various reasons that encourage business organizations desire to expand in to the international or foreign markets. Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt (2008) have identified four main reasons that usually motivates companies, or business organizations seek to expand in to international markets namely the desire to use current resources and gain access to new resources, seeking to expand or develop new markets, competitive rivalry and controlling core competences and learning. These authors point out that companies search for economies of scale in the use of their existing resources by expanding in to new foreign markets. At times they enter international markets in order to reach specific valuable resources like raw materials, specialized knowledge, or cheap labour. As companies become well established in the domestic markets, they begin searching for international markets in order to increase their revenue and gain more profits, enhance their competition with major rivals and influence further development of their core competencies (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt, 2008; Ajami and Goddard,2006). Background Increased and accelerated international business activities have brought up the need for special managerial knowledge and skills on how to manage profitably and successfully companies that seeks to expand their operations in to new global markets. The need for this knowledge has been partly due to the fact that irrespective of the many benefits that a business organization accrues because of expanding into new foreign markets, they encounter various problems and challenges in their preferred international markets Dewan & Sudarshan (1996). Furthermore, the internet, as a matter of fact, has made international business inevitable because companies, as well as consumers, can now access more information about markets and goods respectively easily than they could before the advent of the internet technology. In other words, as Lane, DiStefano and Maznevski (2005) put it, as the international economy grows and expands current and new business
Summary Performing a quality control review of the master data ensures the accuracy of all the information therein. Accuracy of the data helps an organization use the master data to make informed decisions toward the betterment of the whole organization (Kamariotou & Kitsios, 2020). Adjusting the predefined values and defaults as the organization needs change ensures that the decision-making department does not make decisions against the organization’s defaults. Creating and editing data materials of the master data records ensures that business partners and items are adjusted accordingly. Steps to Consider for Utilizing and Employing All Aspects of Information Technology One step that I would need to consider is obtaining all the information necessary from legit and approved sources of information. This would ensure that the data is utilized and employed to impact the whole organization positively. Another step to consider would be ensuring that the information is real-time data from the organization and not necessarily from any other source to achieve organizational excellence (Kamariotou & Kitsios, 2020). The last step would be to ensure the data is directed to the relevant personnel to enhance productivity and efficiency. How to Use Information System (IS) to Help Make Informed Decisions To make the correct decision in an organization, I would use the information from the Information System in the best way possible and not against the terms and defaults of the business. Doing this action would ensure that the decisions made are in line with the organizational requirements. Another way would be to employ the information gained to enhance the organization’s overall effectiveness and not a single department (Kamariotou & Kitsios, 2020). In addition, focusing on the present and future position of an enterprise would help make the best decisions. Steps I Would Take to Ensure Successful Completion of the Process The very first step I would consider is to study the organization’s goals. This study would ensure that the Information System’s decisions help boost the organization’s performance further. Monitoring and evaluation of the information System would be the next step to consider. This would ensure that decisions made are not against any measures and defaults put forward by the organization. The last step would be to make informed decisions to lead the organization further, borrowing ideas from the evaluated information obtained. All these processes would lead to the success of the overall enterprise. Reference Kamariotou, M., & Kitsios, F. (2020). How managers use information systems for strategy implementation in Agritourism SMEs. Information , 11 (6), 331. Web.
The comparison of sex in social behavior is an important factor in the determination of social behaviors that are depicted by individuals. An example of the bias associated with gender is the assumption concerning risk-taking behavior, where the genders are assumed to have different perceptions about risk. This issue is a major factor because the perception of risk among different sexes is inherently different. This paper discusses the common perception that the female gender is more risk averse than the male gender and draws the conclusion on whether this assumption is true or just a perception. The distribution of socioeconomic status across gender is influenced by the perception that the society has of the different genders. This view is supported by research conducted by Falaschetti (2005), who proposes that, since historical times, the female gender has been relatively marginalized in risk-taking behavior. This proposition is supported by research conducted on female and male individuals in political offices. According to the author, the prevalence of risk-taking behavior is emphasized according to gender difference. This means that the male gender is assumed to have a higher tendency to engage in risky political behavior than the female gender. The assumption that the female gender is more passive than the male gender in political office is a problem that indicates the perceptions of the society regarding the input of the female role in political offices. This assumption leads to the perception that female political office-holders are passive in their work; therefore, they should not be assigned to high-risk work. According to Pawlowski and Atwal (2008), the inherent assumption that females are less likely to engage in risky behavior than males is born out of sexual selection theory. The researchers discuss this assumption by focusing on two major factors, the acts of catching a bus and the act of crossing a busy road. According to the authors, the two acts mentioned above bring out the risk-taking behavior differences between the genders. In contrast to a female individual, a male individual will likely traverse a busy stretch of a road at a time when the risk of an accident is high. Conversely, the female individual will most likely wait for a less risky opportunity to cross a busy road, a difference that indicates the risk-taking strategies of the two genders. Another illustration of this fact comes from the act of catching a bus; the male individual will likely pursue a riskier strategy than the female individual by arriving at the bus stop at just the time when the bus is ready to leave. Conversely, the female individual will likely arrive at the bus stop before the bus is ready to leave, so as not to face the chance of missing the bus. These two strategies indicate that the female population is more risk averse than the male population. Research conducted by Harris and Jenkins (2006) indicates that, in real life, women will always take fewer risks than m
The article under analysis is entitled “Opioid epidemic may have cost US governments $37.8 billion in tax revenue.” The piece appeared in Science Daily on April 11, 2019. The authors provide the estimates of the budget losses in tax revenue associated with opioid use disorder (Penn State, 2019). It is stressed that Pennsylvania saw a decline of 68,000 employees in the labor market and almost 6,100 deaths due to opioid overdose. The authors also claim that the investment in the prevention and treatment of substance abuse disorders can mitigate the financial burden by bringing people back to their working places. The problem discussed in the article has a direct effect on the community as many people’s socioeconomic issues aggravate due to these individuals’ addiction. People lose their jobs and social ties, which often has a negative influence on families and children. Of course, opioid misuse leads to substantial financial losses as well. Therefore, it is essential to invest funds in the creation of effective programs that could ensure the proper use of opioids. Healthcare professionals and educators should be involved in these projects as people should be informed about ways the disorder can develop and its negative impact on people’s lives. Opioid misuse is a serious public health issue that has a considerable negative impact on the residents of Pennsylvania. People have limited access to high-quality healthcare services associated with this disorder treatment and prevention. Americans start using opioids due to various reasons including peer pressure or relative availability of drugs. However, the vast majority of misusers develop an addiction after taking prescribed opioids. People have to tackle such associated problems as depression, anxiety, isolation, and overall health deterioration.