ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Problem on the Patient The risk of falls is a significant problem that exists in healthcare today. It may be caused by a lot of factors, including the use of sedative medicines or antidepressants different diseases from low blood pressure to cancer. The risk of falls is dangerous for the patient due to many different reasons, from causing considerable physical damage such as bruises or broken bones to being a symptom of severe disease. Impact of the Problem on the Organization When speaking about the impact of falls and fall risks on hospitals, it is necessary to mention the fact that they are a significant problem for healthcare institutions. It happens so due to the fact that the patients can get injuries apart from their disease that may negatively influence the process of treatment. That is why it is necessary for the medical personnel to try to minimize the risks of falls among the patients. The PICO components Physical exercise is claimed to be an efficient way of preventing a lot of diseases, and there exist a lot of studies on its impact n patients with fall risks. It seems reasonable to check the hypothesis of its significance and positive impact on such patients. Hence, considering the details of the issue, it is possible to single out the following PICO components.   * P – patients at risk for falls;   * I – exercise;   * C – no exercise;   * O – reduced falls. Evidence-Based Practice Question Taking into account the PICO components established for the purposes of the present study, the EBP question may be formulated. It is: Does exercising reduce falls among patients at risk for falls compared to not exercising? Research Article Background Introduction The authors state two objectives of their study. The first one is the determination of the effectiveness of the combination of home and group exercise programs on older adults with falls or fall risks compared with no exercise (Teng et al., 2019). The second one concerns exploring adherence and behavior changes in patients employed in the experiment. Methodology The methods used for the research are database searching that targeted identifying randomized controlled trials on the impact of exercise on the patients with fall risks. Level of Evidence The research analyzed eighteen trials, and their aims coincided with the aims of the present study. The evidence was also strong enough since the authors analyzed the results of 5,960 participants, and the number helps establish quite reliable statistics. The results of the study can be easily applied in practice. Data Analysis The data on study, design, participant characteristics, outcome measures, intervention details, and assessment time points were analyzed. The results of the research were studied by the reviewers, and all the discrepancies and uncertainties were discussed in order to clarify incomplete or misinterpreted information. Ethical Considerations The article does not present any ethical considerations since the interests of the authors do not violate any ethical no
‘A Cold Call, a Blog, and a $20 Million Lawsuit’ Communication Problems and Objectives  1. Providing inaccurate and subjective feedback  2. Lack of clear focus in official communication  3. Misuse of informal communication networks  4. Message decoding problems or interpretation problems Possible solutions  1. Providing accurate feedback: managers ought to transmit their thoughts, opinions and decisions in the most professional and objective manner possible since they are the mouthpiece of the organization, not mentioning the fact that anything they say is construed as the official position (MacCuan, 2008; Bentley, 2004).  2. Use official communication channels: Emails and blog posts are increasingly replacing the traditional techniques of communication, but managers who engage in blogging must do it officially and authentically since the audience view such blogs as representing the official position of the organization (MacCuan, 2008).  3. Validate information before putting it in the public gallery: Hearsays and subjective information are subject to misinterpretation and misrepresentation, which can prove costly in legal suits and loss of business. As such, it should be the function of the manager to validate sources of information before any decisions are made to put the information in the public domain (Bentley, 2004). Selected Solution The best solution for the case is for the management to provide accurate feedback, which must be positive and specific to curtail any chances of misinterpretations or spoiling the reputation of other organizations (Bentley, 2004). Through accurate feedback, Leslie Richard could have found better ways to deal with the issue she had with Vision Media instead of blowing everything out of proportion as a direct result of relying on subjective information and failing to validate the sources of information (MacCaun, 2008). It is prudent for Leslie to set up a communications department to deal with such issues. Communication Skills reflected in the Case  1. Ability to be concise and clear in communication: This is one communication skill that Leslie lacked in communicating about the affairs of Vision Media in her blog. According to Austin & Pinkleton (2006), managerial communication should be concise, clear, and to the point to enhance the uptake of the message by the audience while curtailing misinterpretations of facts.  2. Capacity to convey thoughts and opinions in a focused manner: Information should always be focused and based on concrete evidence (Austin & Pinkleton, 2006). This was not the case with the CEO of OKO Box  3. Taking full accountability for one’s messages: managers the world over must take full responsibilit
Lao Tzu drew inspiration from the things around him in the universe. With this concept, he realized that man cannot control nature or force it and that things in the universe are not constant they are always in motion. Good leaders should always borrow a leaf from this by embracing changes because it’s part and parcel of life. But in today’s world, most leaders focus on power (Dreher, 1996, p.11). Philosophers have taught many lessons of life but many of these lessons focus on ‘self-mastery’ the ideology of Tao Te Ching focuses on ‘centre and prevail’ this what entails is Tao leaders should always be cool in terms of calamity and shouldn’t be reactive. “We can run away during a crisis but by being present to solve the problem” (Dreher, 1996, p.29). With time, the universe is always moving at a constant rate. Things in the world always moving thus these things move in cycles. A good leader should be always in a position to move with these changes in their life and work (Dreher,1996,p.45). These leaders
Heart failure occurs when the cardiac muscles of the heart cannot efficiently pump blood from the heart to the rest of the body as a result of fat deposits on the walls of the blood vessels. This disease has adversely affected the developing countries with a high prevalence rate among the older generations. Patients suffering from heart failure have been affected physically, psychologically, and mentally. Their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has significantly been lowered hence they require attention, motivation, and proper medical care. The intensity or degree of impact of this infection on the quality of life (HRQOL) mainly depends on several factors, such as the age of the patient, gender, mental strength, among other factors (Zambroski, 2005). Statistics have shown that women tend to be more vulnerable to heart failure when it comes to mental and psychological health. The research was carried out to identify factors that determine health-related issues regarding the quality of life among patients suffering from heart failure. They collected data from one hundred and thirty patients using various instruments; for example, the psychological health of the patient was measured using Mental Health SF-36. Other variables were also obtained during the interviews with the patients, then a statistical data analysis was done on the collected data using some computer software. After analysis, it was determined that psychological factors, such as stress and depression, have an impact on the quality of life of patients suffering from heart failure. The patient’s physical appearance was a major sign of the patient’s health that resulted in his/her well-being and was related to the degree of severity of heart failure. This information provided could be used in nursing practice to improve management and implement an effective healthcare system for patients with heart failure. It also focuses on the importance of improving the mental status and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure. Reference Zambroski, C. H. (2005). Impact of Symptom Prevalence and Symptom Burden on Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure. Hoboken, NJ; John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Introduction According to Northouse (2009, p. 3), “Leadership is a process whereby an individual influence a group of individuals to achieve a common goal”. Considering leadership a process implies that it cannot be defined as a characteristic or trait that is typical of a leader, but a transactional phenomenon that arises from the communication between a leader and followers. Defining leadership from this perspective provides greater understanding of the influences and interactions between leaders and their subordinates. Hence, leadership cannot exist without influence because it constantly occurs in groups, the context in which leaders operate and influence individuals to achieve a common purpose. In the course of development, leadership practices have evolved into multiple models and theories. This is of particular concern to transformational leadership and situational leadership models. There are also frameworks that are premised on such aspects as personality traits, skills, and behavior. All these approaches provide a wider picture of how leadership can be characterized, as well as what dimensions are the most efficient ones in managing an organization. Initial Reflection on Unit General analysis of leadership is closely associated with the contexts in which leaders operate, trends in organizational dynamics, and discussion of traits, skills, and competencies that a leader should possess. Engaging in formative activities, specific attention has been given to the analysis of personal skills, experiences, and activities that relate to leadership analysis. Multiple tests and procedures have p
The main purpose of the American educational system is to provide the students with the education to their full potential. As the problem of inequality in the American education along with the constantly increasing requirements to the would-be workers remains a rather crucial one in the American society, a thorough analysis of the existing educational laws and their practical implementation seems to be an effective way to improve the situation for better. In the present work we will analyze the main concepts of the United States educational laws: the Public Law 94-142 (P. L. 94-142) of 1975, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 2004 and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). The primary purpose of the first two laws is to regulate the norms of the education that the handicapped children are provided with. The P. L. 94-142 states the right of the handicapped children for education, the States’ protection of these children and the special policy that helps to evaluate the effectiveness of their efforts. The law emphasizes importance of the special education for handicapped children as well as the necessity of the related services that are designed to meet the unique needs of these children. As well as the previous document, the IDEA is a law that ensures services to children with disabilities throughout the United States. The Act regulates the educational policy related to early intervention, special education and related services to approximately 6.5 million disabled children. The Act guarantees the intervention services for infants, toddlers and their families and special education and related services for the children and youth under the age of 21. NCLB Act is regarded as the basis for federal education policy. The Act is intended to improve the general quality of American education. This purpose presupposes the following tasks to accomplish: raising the standards of teaching, studying the students’ achievements, establishment of the system of the annual testing of the student’s proficiency, technical assistance for schools which acquires the form of additional funding, support the students who do not meet the stated standards or who h
Central, local government, provincial and municipal governments use taxation policies to mobilize revenue and control some activities that are likely to harm the society. Domestic taxes forms governments largest percentage of governments’ collections; excise tax is an indirect behavior control strategy, applied on sale, or production for sale of specific goods and services. Some taxation scholars refer excise tax as duty of excise special tax or sin tax; it is an inland/domestic taxes and differs from border taxes on tax point areas. In all product and services that attract excise duty, it is levied over and above other tax heads like commodity taxes or/and sales taxes as an indirect tax. The imposition of excise duty aims at fulfilling more than one objective from the government point of view; there is the revenue attribute and as a remedy to an unacceptable behaviour prevailing in an economy (Arye, 2003). This paper takes an analysis on the operation, administration, and control of excise tax on Canadian beauty industry; it will concentrate on its impact on consumers, business, government revenues, administration costs, and compliance activities. According to Canadian taxation laws, the federal and provisional government impose excise taxes on some products that can be classified as inelastic products. Some of these products include cigarettes, vehicle air conditioners, alcohol, and gasoline. In the territory, the tax has been nicknamed sin taxes; a survey conducted in 2010 on the prices of cigarettes and alcohol showed that the greatest position of the commodities in exercise taxes that account for approximately 51% of the cost; the report further indicated that Canadian excise duties/taxes are the highest in the world an indication that the country is concerned with the welfare of its people (BlancaNand Wodon, 2006). In 2011, the taxes imposed on vehicles air conditioners are at a flat rate of $100 per air conditioning unit; other than excise taxes, some other Canadian taxes heads include payroll taxes, Health and prescription insurance taxes, and estates. When determining the products that the country will impose excise taxes, the government consider the impact that the tax will have on consumption of the product, in the event that a commodity is highly required by the citizens of the country, then the government has no business in injuring the people with high taxes, or the additional tax. Those products that are currently attracting excise duty taxes are those that someone can live without or they have a negative effect on the user or the general public (Bastable, 2003). The issue of elastic
Abstract The concept of multicultural diversity represents all actions that address societal response to existing challenges whether at national or organizational levels. Multiculturalism and diversity broadly aspects such as gender, race/ethnicity, language, sexual orientation, age, spiritual orientation, physical ability, knowledge, skills, socio-economic status, geographical location, and many other factors. This research paper, therefore, seeks to review the literature on several aspects associated with multicultural diversity. These include the meaning of multicultural diversity; brief theoretical framework of diversity; the aspects of multicultural diversity; the Impacts of Multicultural Diversity on organizational Work Groups; key factors that are significant in determining how successful individuals will be in interacting with changed and changing society; and finally, challenges involved when working in a multicultural organization. Among the challenges reviewed include power dynamics within groups, merging diversity of opinion and approaches, real and perceived tokenism, the challenge of holding all individuals throughout the organization accountable for achieving a positive multicultural environment, and the challenges of communication within a multicultural organization. Literature Review Multiculturalism and diversity are terms used to describe an action that addresses society’s response to challenges that people are used to ignoring. The diversity concept concentrates more on the differences while multiculturalism deals with the aspects of multiple cultures. Aspects concerning religion, equal employment opportunity, affirmative action, social-economic status, culture and ethnicity, and so on reflect the concept of diversity. On the other hand, the concepts of multiculturalism reflect on the relationships that exist between groups that have similar socio-cultural heritage such as religion, history, and ancestry. Multicultural competencies within societies or organizations encompass dimensions such as individuals being; knowledgeable about their cultural differences, aware of their attitudes and beliefs, and skilful in working with diverse groups. Multicultural awareness is necessary for any organizational setup as it requires individuals to be aware of their values, assumptions, and biases embedded in their culture, experiences, heritage, and socio-political environment (Sue, 2006). Consequently, the important aspects involved in understanding multiculturalism and diversity include gender, race/ethnicity, language, sexual orientation,
Local and state governments require revenue in order to facilitate their operations. Government expenditure is the monies the government requires to finance its functions while revenue is their income. Generally, government expenditure is classified into three major classes; government final consumption, government gross capital formation, and transfer payments. Government final consumption and gross capital formation form the largest part of state and local government’s gross domestic product. Moreover, the expenditure of local and state governments is financed by government revenue. The local government acquires revenue through taxes and non-taxes channels; non-tax revenue includes government owned corporations, fees, licenses, or sovereign wealth funds. The state government can also finance its operations with borrowed money through grants and loans. Categories of revenue and expenditure Expenditure State and local governments have to provide different goods and services to the public. These services and goods include transportation system, water and sanitation, health care and education and payment of pensions and other benefits. Generally, the above expenditures are classified in three categories, consumption, investment, and transfer payments. Government final consumption: According to Organization for Economic cooperation (2010, p.42), “government final consumption expenditure consists of expenses incurred by the government in the production of non-market final goods and services.” Primarily, the government spending on goods and services that are used for direct benefit of its population includes defense, provision of health care, water and sanitation and education. It is further broken down into two categories; the value of goods produced by the government itself and purchases of goods and services produced by the other market producers and supplied to the community. In addition, consumption expenditure constitutes the largest share of expenditures; they include purchases of nondurable and durable goods. Non durable goods include food and clothing while durable products include appliances and vehicles. Government gross capital formation: Government gross capital formation is also referred to as investment expenditure and it consists of two types, expenditure on fixed investment goods and inventory investment. Fixed investment goods are goods that are used in the long term examples are factories, commercial properties, and purchase of equipment. Part of fixed investment expenditure involves acquisition of new asset or repairs and maintenance, as well as depreciation charge of the already in use asset. Investment expenditur
Introduction The religious aspect has greatly changed over the years and it has thus been proved that there is no single religion tradition in the 21 st century that is an island. Islam and Judaism are among the religious traditions of the 21 st century. The US terrorist attack on September 2001 has called for an understanding between the diverse traditional religions. The following essay examines the relationship between Islam and Judaism. The essay specifically examines the similarities and differences between dietary laws of Islam and Judaism by comparing the Kashrut in the Judaism tradition vs. Halal in the Islam tradition.The essay also investigates the origin of Kashrut and Halal.The last section of the essay is comprised of a conclusion on the dietary laws of Islam and Judaism. However, it is important to know the meaning of the words Kashrut and Halal.In Jewish. The term Kashrut means being fit i.e. foods that man is permitted to eat and if well prepared, the food is regarded as being Kosher. Usually, there are various reasons for observing the Kashrut law and the most popular reason is that it is unhealthy to take forbidden food. Thus, holiness forms the basis of this law. According to Judaism, all things should be viewed from a spiritual perspective and therefore one must eat some foods and at the same time refrains form eating others. According to this law, it is important for people to have control over their appetites.On the other hand, Halal is an Arabic term that could be translated to mean something that is considered per4missible by law. Haram, also an Arabic term could be translated to mean something not permitted by the law; it means opposite of Halal. These two words i.e. Halal and Haram are global terms that are used with regards to food products, food ingredients and meat products. The Halal dietary law is an aspect of Shari law. In the Shari, Hall could be translated to mean that all foods are permissible with of exception of some foods like pork and related products among other (Cutis 165). The origin of Kashrut and Halal The following is a brief history of the Judaism and Islam dietary laws; The Jewish dietary laws revolve around the prohibitions and regulations in the Torah i.e. the five books of Moses. The Judaic dietary law is thought to date back in the 1250 BC when Moses was given Kashrut law by God on Mount Sinai. The Jewish thus were obliged to follow the Kashrut law as a result of its divine source. The Kashrut law has over the years gained a huge symbolic significance to an extent that the Jews are prepared to offer their lives as a sacrifice rather than disobey God’s decree. The laws regarding the kind of animals, fish and birds that should be eaten is explained in the books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy. According to the scripture, the Jews are supposed to eat animals which have split hooves and also those that chew the cud. Such animals that have spilt hooves and also ch