ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is imperative to understand what entails feminist research methods before discussing the ways that these methods can be used to empower women. It is vital to get clarity of why these particular methods are referred to as ‘feminist research methods’. The study of methods and methodology shows that the unique differences are found in the motives of the research, the knowledge that the research seeks to expound, and the concerns of the researchers and the research itself. Feminist Research Methods Empowers A feminist research is an investigation that is conducted by women who recognize themselves as feminists and this investigation has a specific purpose for finding out (a ‘why’), certain types of questions and issues are to be known about a topic (‘what’) (Lather 571). Feminist studies use identifiable methods of finding out how and these characteristically base their success on the experience of women in a world where women are seen as subordinates to men. Feminist research methods, if they exist, then how are they different from the usual research methods in the conventional study? In response to these concerns, there are actually no distinctive feminist research methods from the conventional ones. They are innovations to the discipline-based methods made to the usual survey methodologies, experimentation and ethnography methods (Lather 572). The main argument of feminist research methods in this context explores the viewpoints of women like in networking, conversation, genealogy and multi-person consciousness. Partly, the dedication to the societal change of a situation where women are recognized for their contribution to the society entails a commitment to the subjects of the research (Monkman & Stacki 174). A feminist research addresses these concerns to a greater length. It can therefore be seen as a way of raising consciousness for the subjects. When women get involved in this type of studies as active members of the research process, they need space to question and resolutely assess their experiences (Lather 575). These methods also allow recognition of the relationships and the links that connect places, events and their lives and social world (Ramazanoğlu 137). The empowerment comes in a way that the research methods bring out education and knowledge and the confirmation that women’s experiences are part of a greater social structure. Feminist research methods also help to show that women contribute to development of meaning and participate in processes of analysis based on their experiences (Ramazanoğlu 138). The discussion among women and the availability of feminist research methods are an opportunity to try women’s abilities in a male dominated community. There are social struggles through power, culture, class and gender. Through all these, women have to be recognized and appreciated (Ramazanoğlu 139). This is what emancipates and empowers the women. Even though the feminist research is intended to empower women, it often faces tough challenges. Looking at it from the women’s viewpoint, the attainment of knowledge can help to restructure the power imbalan
Introduction Earlier political development in China led to two states from the earlier revolutions. The Nationalist Party was based in Nanjing under Chiang Kai-shek and was governing the whole of Shanghai province. Then there was the mainland state which was under the Communism Part. In 1937, there was an outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War and more civil wars followed. The Nationalist party based in Nanjing defected in this civil war leading to the rise of Mao Ze Dong and consequently, he assumed power and consequently becoming Chairman of the communist party in 1942 and consequently started the rectification movement during the period of the Ant-Japanese war. This ratification was aimed at bringing new ideologies to China. Mao’s thought was considered as the single ideological guide that would lead the Communist Party and the whole of China. In the Mao guideline, it was stated that the leadership should not be delineated from those that it is leading. This was referred to as the mass-line policy. Main body The Communist Party was also able to wash the masses off the Japanese imperialism ideologies. Japanese used ruthless imperialism policies. Mao was able to articulate nationalism to the people of China which was spread to all the city residents and peasant farmers. They advocated for anti-imperialism and nationalism policies. The communist party also realized that in order to create cohesive China, people had to have some degree of loyalty. Therefore in the rectification movement was launched with an aim of making the people become more loyal to the party and to have some degree of cohesiveness. The party realized that it had recruited many members during the war and could not count on loyalty from all the new members. Many of the members were also illiterate with questionable qualities. The rectification process was supposed to be a harsh process that was meant to indoctrinate the new members to the ideologies of the party. It was meant to lift the internal cohesion within the party and also to make the party more unified under one leadership. As the war continued, the Communist Party continued to recruit more members in its guerilla wing which was able to create buffer zones between Japanese soldiers and the people of China. Their continued resistance to Japanese policies of burning, rooting, and killing made it closer to the people. People saw the party as their only hope in the war and in making progressive China. Hence the ideologies advanced by Mao seemed to have succeeded in creating a unified China under one leadership that was able to resist invasion by Japan. Although the process of rectification was seen as harsh and inhuman in some instances, it brought the much-desired results at the end of it all. China became more unified and able to resist the aggressive invasion of Japan. China was ab
Introduction The Trifle is a short play by Glaspell. The play revolves around Mrs. Wright, who lived a horrible life. Ironically, this character does not appear on stage, and the audience only learns of her through other characters on stage. During her youth before marriage, Mrs. Wright is a pompous and full of beauty, until he meets her husband, Mr. Wright, an insensitive dispassionate asocial farmer. This man drives out the vibrancy in his wife by his coldness. On the day, Mr. Wright kills a quilting songbird that his wife had kept keeping her company and friendship. This act makes Mrs. Wright strangle her husband in the middle of the night. However, after the county prosecuting attorney arrives accompanied by the town’s sheriff and a neighboring farmer together with their wives, they fail to establish any tangible evidence. Nevertheless, the wives find evidence that Mrs. Wright could have been involved in the murder. However, after learning the horrible life that Mr. Wright had subjected his wife to, they choose to hide the evidence. Trifles address the issue of guilt and innocence as relative moral or legal matters depending on one’s perception. Guilt and Innocence In this play, guilt and innocence come out as matters subject to change depending on the underlying circumstances. According to the prosecuting attorney, the town’s sheriff, and the farmer, someone can be guilt only if there is enough evidence. Ironically, they are not keen on finding this evidence. After a short search, the sheriff states that there is “nothing here but kitchen things” ( Beiderwell & Wheeler 206). Therefore, Mrs. Wright is innocent because there is no evidence to convict her. Here guilt and innocence are based entirely based on a legal perspective, and Mrs. Wright remains innocent, for she cannot be proved guilty. Moreover, the law states that everyone is innocent until prov
The question of single-sex schooling is one of the most controversial issues in the theory and practice of education because there are two different visions of the problem and its solution. Doctors, psychologists, and educators are inclined to support the separate school for boys and girls when sociologists accentuate the disadvantages of the single-sex education with references to the questions of gender stereotypes and equality as well as specifics of interactions between genders. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the advantages of single-sex schooling rather than to the possible disadvantages. Boys and girls are different, and the principle of equality in education depends not on rejecting these differences, but on the possibilities to develop children’s personalities with the help of separate education. Thus, the separate education creates the necessary conditions for using the individual approach to students regarding their psychophysical and personal features, differences in intellectual and emotional reactions, peculiarities of the boys and girls’ physical development, different interests and values. The psychophysical characteristics and features of boys and girls are considerably different, and the concentration on these differences allows speaking about the necessity of the separate education for boys and girls to contribute to their psychophysical and personal development. The psychophysical peculiarities of the children’s development according to their sex make them react to the same intellectual tasks and life situations differently. The fact can be explained with references to the boys and girls’ differences in the mind’s processes. It is impossible to speak about the inequality of boys and girls according to the psychophysical peculiarities, but it is necessary to focus on the differences to promote the children’s effective academic performance and personal development (Salomone 40). That is why the methods to provide the information and material are different in single-sex classes to respond to the children’s specifics in development and contribute to their academic success. Moreover, educators should pay attention to the fact boys and girls are inclined to use not only different approaches to completing the academic tasks, but they also have different emotional reactions to the situation of the educational assessment. Girls can listen attentively to the tutors’ recommendations when boys do not like criticism in any form. Furthermore, the situation of coeducation provides children with additional stresses when they have to be assessed by the representatives of the opposite sex (Salomone 6`6-68). From this point, the atmosphere in the single-sex classes is more appropriate for orienting students to studying and achieving the high results without references to the emotional and intellectual competition between girls and boys. The idea of the single-sex classes for boys and girls can be discussed as good
Introduction Suicide rate among young people has increased in the 21 st century. Statistics reveal that over five thousand youths commit suicide each year within the USA only. Suicide is revealed as one of the most common cause of death for people as compared to other causes like accidents and homicide. The question now lies on how the governments together with the society can counter these unnecessary suicidal deaths. However most of the governments rely only on medical approach since they lack incentives for traditional healing practices. In the Canadian communities where cultural practices are maintained the responses towards social roles produce positive results amongst the youths. Most of the negative responses are attributed to social disintegration and marginalization of the young people (White and Jodoin, 2007). There in need for each community to be accountable for its young people. This can be enhanced through different sustainable programs that respond appropriately to community needs. Spiritual intervention can also be an important way of reducing suicidal effects within the community; it provides a lot of knowledge concerning one’s respect and relationship with others. Also upgrading of residential schools is one of the vital projects that should be focused upon. These are some of the projects that help the young people to see beyond present troubles that they encounter and maintain focus of getting better in times ahead. It makes provides them with opportunities to participate in recreational activities which form part of mental health and development (White and Jodoin, 2007; Hawton and James, 2005). There is major concern about the progress of the general health of native youths in Canada. Majority of the research conducted have not yet revealed on the various people’s health needs. This is especially on children based on geographical location, culture and socio-economic status. Suicides amongst the Canadian youth have been found to be growing at an alarming rate, statistic show that the rate of occurrence amongst the Canadians is higher than that of non-Canadian youths. Suicide has been documented as one of the major cause of death amongst the youth accounting for almost 38% of all youth deaths (Viner and Barker, 2005). Girls or ladies are prone to die easily from suicide as compared to their male counterparts; this puts a very high risk on the survival of this generation. Higher percentage of all deadly accidents within the youth community is linked to suicide (White and Jodoin, 2007). Youth Suicide rates in Canada is well documented in view of the efforts made to conserve and promote Canadian culture and taking control over key issues of life within the Society. This problem can better be described in various social ways such as psychological and socio-cultural. Research question Why are suicide rates high amongst the Canadian young citizens as compared to the rest of the youths from other countries of the world? The issue of suicide is of national concern since it has led to the death of young and innocent ones and this presents a threat to the strength of the future generati
Background of the Study/ Literature Review Concepts and Theories Brand image is a construct that dates back to the 1950s, Dobni and Zinkhan (1990) maintain, albeit without the benefit of a universally-accepted and precise definition other than that the concept embraces all the intangibles and added-value unique to each brand. Accordingly, brand image is everything that is created and extrinsic to product composition and function. It is the sum total of all decisions involved in the marketing mix: packaging form factor and size, label, pricing, advertising strategy, execution, the “editorial” environment of all media used, the credibility and charm of celebrity endorsers, the quality of promotions and incentives, and merchandising (Kotler & Keller, 2008). In turn, “brand association” refers to the phenomenon of a given brand standing for the physical product attributes and consumer benefits of the product category as a whole. ‘Guinness’ is so dominant among English ales, for example, that it has come to stand as ‘generic term’ for this drinks category. Similarly, ‘Pampers’ is the name most widely associated with disposable diapers and is therefore the brand shoppers readily recall and inquire for when looking around the hypermarket for the aisles holding the product class. ‘Brand image’ is evidently more all-encompassing but also more vulnerable than ‘brand association’. The brand image of Apple Inc. is the sum total of marketing communication and product development choices made by the maverick Steve Jobs. These included the decision to create the user-friendly home computer and graphic user interface long before Windows was even a gleam in the eye of Bill Gates. There was outstanding advertising creative: “Big Brother’ and ‘Lemmings’ that established the “not IBM’ positioning of the brand a generation ago. The decision to re-launch the company with forays into portable music players (iPod), touch screen mobile phones (iPhone), and now a tablet PC (iPad) have all rested on creating a niche market with a near-fanatic following. Along the way, it is also true that brand association across the entire Apple line never strayed far from ‘cool,’ ‘cutting edge’, maximum functionality, ease of use and amazing entertainment value. And yet, brand image is also vulnerable. Nike and Accenture signed up Tiger Woods as celebrity endorser in order for the first to maintain its cachet as sportswear for winners while the software services company looked to lift itself from obscurity where the general public was concerned. When the golfer’s marital scandal surfaced, the two were quick to cancel all advertising featuring the golfer for fear their respective brand images would also be subject to ridicule. More to the point is what happened to Toyota, the largest automaker in the world by unit sales. Just last January,
Introduction Hormone replacement therapy is a therapeutic intervention that involves the addition of supplemental hormones to the course of treatment in order to address the hormone deficiency in patients with various diseases. Typical cases where hormone replacement is used include menopause, overactive bladder, transgender therapy, birth control, etc. (Crocetti, 2015). Despite the fact that certain evidence exists for symptom relief in various gender-related somatic disorders and non-gender-related health issues, hormone therapy and its effects on the human body are still understudied. Therefore, it is paramount to review different aspects of hormone replacement therapy. This article deals with the strengths, limitations, and prescription of supplementary sex hormones in patients with hormone deficiencies. Strengths and Limitations of Hormone Replacement Therapy According to Panay, Hamoda, Arya, & Savvas (2013), observational data suggest that hormone replacement therapy may improve mood, and address depressive symptoms in early menopausal women. The improved sleep, sexual relationships, and, consequently, quality of life are named among the significant benefits of supplemental hormone intake. Another strength of hormone replacement therapy is that it enhances vasomotor function more effectively than any other treatment option as evidenced by 24 randomized controlled trials (Panay et al., 2013). Vaginal estrogen is also deemed effective as a treatment option against overactive bladder (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, 2017). On the other hand, Kaplan, Daryn, & Spittel (n.d.) suggest that the long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy can be rather negative. Thus, numerous studies have tied the use of supplemental hormone therapy to the increased incidence of breast cancer in women. In addition, such therapy (especially oral one) can significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (Panay et al., 2013). Risks are also associated with the use of progestin as a major component as it is reported to decrease the functionality of the ear. Personal Support for Hormone Replacement Therapy My support for hormone replacement therapy is based on the fact that hormones are essential components of health and their abnormally low levels should be compensated with supplemental hormones (Crocetti, 2015). However, g
How does Divorce affect young children? The effect of divorce on children depends on the age of the children at the time when the divorce is taking place, the gender of the child, and the characters of a child. Other minor factors that may determine the level of affection is the degree of conflict between the two parents, and the amount of support received from other relatives and close friends. For instance, if a child is in infant age, they may not understand the conflict between the parents (Knox and Schacht 279). The effect of an infant may occur because of the changes in parents reactions and the time dedicate to him. The major effect on the infant is realized when he or she start loosing appetite due to the change of moods of the parents. The infant may also experience some stomach upsets, and start drooling. For the preschool children who age between 3-5 years, they believe they are the causes of divorce in most cases. In several researches done they say that their failure to do house chores or to take their dinner made their mummy or daddy to run away. Once parents divorce these preschool children start fearing because of feeling lonely, as they think that, their parents abandon them. The feeling of being abandoned make these children to show some baby like behaviors, through claiming their old toys, and some will even start wetting the bed even if they had stopped (Weiten, Lloyd and Yost 546). Some children show some funny behaviors like denying that something has happened to their parents, some become uncooperative to the people looking after them, and some experiences an increased level of anger and stress. They feel comfortable when near an adult where there is assurance of security, but at the same time, they show some sense of aggressiveness. Getting used to parental divorce by school-aged children is more difficult than for the preschool children or even the mature children. The school going age have the capability to understand that they are subject to suffering out of their parental divorce. Their age does not allow a control measure of this pain and perception that they will suffer. They are too young to cope with this type of internal pain (Ahrons 98). The greatest effect of divorce to these children is experiencing misery, humiliation, divided love, and high anger. Some psychologists have said that these children can forget these divorce issues through active participation in play and activities with other children of the same age. Active participation of their bodies and mind would eliminate idleness and a chance of deep thoughts. These children of this age have the capability of hoping that their parents will rejoin again. Another common effect of divorce to the children of this age is feeling of rejection by their parents and may be start complaining of constant headaches and stomach upsets. Teenagers suffer greatly among all other groups when parental divorce occurs. Most of the time, when faced by challenges, teenagers become angry, and at the same time they start
The topics of supply and demand in a market economy are essential. The order affects supply, and fluctuations in demand directly influence pricing. By reacting to supply and price fluctuations in a certain way, consumer demand contributes to the technological component of production, creating conditions for optimizing the production chain. The situation presented in the article is somewhat ambiguous; real estate in England is on the agenda (“House prices set to continue rising,” 2021). With a decrease in supply, the demand for housing does not weaken, and this situation contributes to the growth of housing prices. The number of new properties entering the market fell by a third. Without weakening demand, all parts of the UK continued to report sharp increases in house prices. Forecasters note that house prices will continue to rise in the current situation. As demand grows and supply continues to fluctuate, a certain “balance is not observed,” and the problem in the market is as shown in chart D. (Martin et al., 2017, p. 176). The case is the same as rental housing; demand has grown, “stimulating the rental market and increasing its value” (Sakyi, 2020, p. 73). Compared to previous data, the growth is about 12%, significantly higher t