ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
When management of certain programs establishes them, they need to make a follow up that ensures that there is compliance with the set standards and expectations of the project (Vaagaasar, 2009). Project management involves the process through which a project is established, implemented, monitored, evaluated, and any adjustments made to the system to attain its set goals and objectives (Livingston, 2008). Oxfam being an international federation of fifteen organizations working in 98 countries need to have a strong monitoring and evaluation team to handle its large volume of work and projects. Currently Oxfam has entered into a contact with Dak Nong Doet that seeks to improve the province’s education quality delivery, the project focuses on teachers, pupils, ministry of education and training, and teachers. To ensure that the goals of the project have been attained, Oxfam needs to have an effective monitoring and evaluation program. This paper discusses the role that monitoring and evaluation plays in an organization and gives recommendations on the best approach that the organization can adopted for effective monitoring of Dak Nong Doet education project. The nature of Oxfam projects Oxfam is an international recognized NGO that establishes various programs targeting different needs within the society especially in rural development areas, poverty reduction programs, hungers and other such programs that needs fast and effective attention. There are different projects that the international organization manages and their nature and approach always vary with the intended outcome. Projects may take the form of civil society developments, ethnic minority issues address, and focus on girl and boy child, addiction programs, and women empowerments. One of the most renown program that Oxfam has undertaken successfully is the education system where it aims at improving education for the less fortunate in communities; the main focus of these programs are the disadvantaged areas like third world countries, disaster stricken areas among other areas that need arises (Long and Plosser, 1983). In the past few years, the main focus that the company has had is to improve education in Tra, Vinh, Lao Cai and Dak Nong provinces where the main focus has been girl child programs; when dealing with the projects, the company has its main focus on the school, the child and the ministry as they are players in the segment for an effective implementation. In the same years, the organization has been advocating for the expansion of its programs or models through Ministry of Education and Training (Posond, 2008). The next coming years, the organization is focusing on building effective governance in education in Vietnam where it will have the main focus on the teachers, sch
In 1900, only 3 percent of the labor force of the United States belonged to unions, but the percentage grew to 23 percent by the end of World War II. A decline began in the early 1960s and by 1991, the percentage had dropped to 16.1 percent (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1992f. p.422). (Organized Labor). Many years ago, on August 17, 1942, there was an agreement on cooperation which was agreed upon by the National Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Committee for American and Allied War Relief, the United Nations Relief Committee of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Community Chests and Councils, Inc. (now United Way of America). This agreement spurred labor representation on Community Chests boards and councils as well as recognized the valuable contributions of the union members. Thus, this agreement was instrumental in getting the cooperation of the employees and even organized the employers and union representatives who emphasized the contributions of the members without any show of force. It was essential that there was a communication of a strategic plan within a company which is important in stimulating positive employee response. Thus, the employees feel that they are part of a “more professional organization.” Their management has identified where it wishes to go and made the necessary commitment to get there. Therefore, effectively communicating the strategic plan improves employee motivation and members are united in their actions (Thompson,1987). Companies with active unions need to create alternative growth strategies in relation to their competitors, market opportunities, and resources of the organization. Their operation merely concentrated on the opportunities and strength of being the top brand in their field. The successes of labor have been clear in some states such as in Iowa where Governor states that labor has been successful and America can now compete worldwide. Indeed, labor still has a big
Introduction Liberalism and capitalism are considered the most beneficial kinds of world order. It became evident after the end of the Second World War when liberal countries experienced significant GDP growth rates, the reduction of poverty, and other advantages. Many people believe that it happened because the United States led the progressive world, and Robert Kagan’s book, The Jungle Grows Back, supports this idea. The author compares the prosperous and developed world with a manicured garden. He explained that humankind witnessed the essential positive results because the US tried to take care of numerous international countries. That is why there have been no significant conflicts since World War II. However, it is an exhaustive activity to invest much in foreign policy, and American leaders tend to draw more attention to domestic affairs. Thus, Kagan states that if America neglects international issues, the world will turn into a jungle with its wild laws. Theme Explored To begin with, one should state that the book under review focuses on a few topics. Firstly, Kagan stipulates that world development after the end of World War II was an exception. The author supports it by describing a few regional conflicts, while “the great Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union ended peacefully, a historical rarity” (p. 3). That situation seems positive when compared to genocides, horrors, and deaths that had occurred before the mid-20 th century. Kagan ties this prosperity with the triumph of capitalism and liberalism. However, this world order is in jeopardy because of the rise of nationalism and authoritarianism in various countries. Thus, the author insists on the fact that the world is going to meet severe times. Secondly, the author emphasizes that the US significantly contributed to the development described above. Kagan states that “no nation in history has ever been more deeply involved in the affairs of the world nor accepted more responsibility for the state of humankind than the United States” (p. 13). It is so because America helped establish liberal governments all over the globe. If the country stops controlling international affairs, harmful consequences will emerge. The writer explains that if the US fails “to preserve the liberal order, it will be replaced by another kind of order, or more likely by disorder and chaos” (p. 162). Thus, the book demonstrates that the US is responsible for keeping peace and security. The final subtheme that can be found in The Jungle Grows Back refers to the superiority of the American nation. Kagan justifies that the United States has the
The amount and variety of multimedia tools that sports journalists can benefit from has increased significantly compared to several decades ago and is continuing to rise. This is why sports journalists should be aware of the differences in social networks and know how to use them for different purposes. For example, to build their audience, sports journalism outlets should “establish and leverage Facebook pages”, because this allows them to become more popular (Kian et al, 2018, p. 96). Twitter is useful in reporting different sporting events because posting on Twitter is a quick and convenient way to share information. Sports journalists can also benefit from Instagram and Snapchat, as long as they do not over-post on it but keep the content dynamic. The Dempsey-Willard title fight demonstrated to the nation and its senior editors what was wrong with Jazz Age journalism: publishers, sports editors and circulation managers focused on making a profit, not serving the people. The studies on why people watch and enjoy mediated sports have described several reasons, features and consequences of this activity. First, although factors that make people view sports “contain distinctly cognitive and social aspects”, they are primarily “functions of effect” (Billings & Hardin, 2016, p. 319). Second, the activity can be both spontaneous and intended to watch alone or with someone else. Some people also use it as a way to escape from their daily lives. Finally, some people’s tendencies to watch mediated sports are their “all-consuming passions”, which is a controversial issue (Billings & Hardin, 2016, p. 326). While some manage to strike a balance between sports they love to watch and their ordinary lives, many people still become addicted to it, and that can harm the rest of their lives.
Introduction The importance of literature in intellectual development has generated discussions among various educational stakeholders and policy-makers (Sumara, 2002). What clearly emerges is that exposing children to the many different works of literature enhances their intellectual world-views and linguistic skills (Flint, Lowe, Kitson, & Shaw, 2013). To this end, various educational psychologists suggest that literature is an ‘‘eye opener.’’ Other than its role in phonological and vocabulary development, the study of literature enables young learners to nurture new ideas and moral stand-points (Chera & Wood, 2003). In fact, literature enhances children’s capabilities to appreciate languages and their contexts of literacy. Literature and Linguistic Skills To begin with, studying a work of literature heightens the developmental process of a child’s linguistic skills (Chera & Wood, 2003). While in-depth study of books has attracted only a few people even in the most developed countries, the realization that it enhances a child’s vocabulary has led to policies aimed at making children into to be active readers (Sumara, 2002). Due to the ‘‘new’’ words frequently employed by authors, most children’s linguistic competencies get better whenever they read literary works (Flint et al., 2013). Furthermore, any historical work of literature exposes young children to the philosophical suggestions that were popular in a particular society at a specific time (Campbell, Tompkins, & Green, 2012). Literature Enhances Constructive Criticism Capabilities In addition, exposing children to interesting works of literature enhances their unconscious ‘‘love’’ of related issues. Whenever children and teenagers get exposed to an ‘‘intriguing’’ literary work, they develop interests to look for more reading materials or studying a related issue (Flint et al., 2013). Moreover, computer-based reading programs enhance a child’s phonological knowledge and reading skills (Henke, 2001). While the relationship between computer-mediated technologies and reading has not been investigated sufficiently, a computer-addicted child is more likely to ‘‘hop’’ from one e-book website to the other (Chera & Wood, 2003). Although this ‘‘multi-screening’’ may be a prevalent crisis, it seems to be a suitable way of reading diverse texts and accessing various works of arts at the same time (Henke, 2001). In any case, many new works of literature are encouraging young readers to delve into more published facts for purposes of language-acquisition and enhancing intellectual abilities (Campbell, Tomp
The benefits of digital surveillance outweigh problems it posses Mass surveillance was intensified after the 2001 terrorist attack. Therefore, the main aim of this program is to contain or avert terrorism in the United States. Based on this, I believe the benefits of mass surveillance outweigh problems it posses. This paper will discuss the benefits in terms of whether or not terrorism has happened again since it was started. The paper will also consider other aspects such as right to privacy and the ease of establishment. Surveillance systems are an option that is effective option. That is, today it is not easy for anyone to get into airports, concerts, as well as public gatherings without being subjected to a number of checks (Gellman 5). Surveillance cameras when combined with other law enforcement measures are more efficient, less intrusive, causes less and psychological disturbance. The other thing is that mass surveillance can make the lives of people more convenient, by eradicating the necessity for passwords. The mass surveillance program or system itself could be employed for identification as it uses algorithms that are adequately effective (Gellman 2). It could as well do away with long lines of travelers at airports. Mass surveillance expedites searches and it can be employed to detect items that have been outlawed than physical searches. With reduced crime as a result of mass surveillance, a significant decrease in police work would be observed. It would also reduce the number of security personnel. In fact, the only security people that will be needed are those who do rapid response in the case of a security issue. It is easier to do business in a mass surveillance society. Furthermore, enhanced security patrols would not be needed at events that take place outside. What would be done is simply replacing them with clear signs that would easily identify people directly. One other sure thing is that, since the twin tower incident in 2001, there has not been any significant attack attributed to terrorism in the United States (Risen and Poitras 1). This success is attributed to the effectiveness of surveillance to prevent terrorism activities. The surveillance system is frequently reviewed and also subject to many safeguards. Although Snowden indicates that NSA authorizes general warrants for the whole country’s metadata, it must be understood that even though the United States can collect the metadata, the government or agencies responsible cannot sieve through it arbitrarily (Gellman 3). The government can only sift through having received an approval from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (Risen and Poitras 2). The only major demerits of this system are that of infringement of privacy rights (Gellman 4). However, it must be emphasized that constitutional rights are not absolute and can be limited anytime if there is a public interest that is compelling government to do so. Some of these public in
Executive Summary Professor Steve H. Hanke is the author of the Monetary Misjudgments and Malfeasance, a Cato Journal, Vol.31, No. 3 (2011): pp. 473-484. According to Hanke, the United States policy has been characterized by monetary misjudgments and malfeasance. In spite of the fact that there were clear signs of the impeding economic crisis, the Federal Reserve officials and their counterparts in Europe were unable to alleviate the economic crisis that took place in 2008-09. To make the matters even worse, their corrective measures turned the crisis into a panic. According to Professor Hanke, the Fed officials were mainly responsible for creating the demand bubbles (especially the market-specific ones) that disrupted the relative markets prices. In addition, both the Fed officials and their counterparts in Europe compelled commercial banks to raise their capital-asset ratios as a safety measure. For example, the Bank for International Settlements (based in Switzerland) increased the capital-asset ratio from 4% to 7% based on the bank’s risk-weighted assets. It further imposed an extra 2% surcharge in addition to the 7% requirement for largest commercial banks. The justification for this move was that commercial banks would be safer and stronger if they were heavily capitalized. On the contrary, this move distorted the money supply metrics and weakened economic growth. The money balances of commercial banks were effectively been wiped out. According to Professor Hanke, commercial banks were forced to shrink their asset bases in order to comply with the new regulation. As a result, the deposit liabilities of commercial banks’ declined significantly thereby wiping out money balances. Statistics for Economics The Federal Reserve is mainly responsible for creating market-specific demand bubbles in the US for a long time. Prior to the Lehman Brothers’ demise in 2008, the Federal Reserve not only generated aggregate demand bubble but also initiated a number of market-oriented bubbles. The Fed was in a good position to alleviate market-specific bubbles (witnessed in the commodity, equity and housing markets) by monitoring price volatility in the markets (such as adjustments in the aggregate consumer price index). Nonetheless, the Federal Reserves officials have persistently refused to take any blame for generating market-specific bubbles that led to the economic crisis in 2008. As a matter of fact, the Federal Reserve officials have proposed that commercial banks must raise their capital-asset ratios in order to stabilize their operations and prevent a similar crisis from recurring (Hanke 473). Aggregate demand bubble occurs when the Fed’s negligence permits aggregate demand to rise too fast. In other words, an aggregate demand is created when nominal final sales to buyers in the United
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) represents a modern trend in the business world. The companies are encouraged to be socially responsible taking care of the environment and society. However, the companies themselves benefit from CSR due to the value which the social and environmental programs provide to their image. “The positioning of the firm with respect to social issues is clearly a way to differentiate the firm and its products and services in ways that create value” (Husted & Allen, 2007, p. 378). However, not all firms manage to realize the social strategy successfully and to benefit from it. The examples of companies successfully realizing the CSR strategies are Microsoft, Google, Starbucks, Ben and Jerry’s. For example, the social strategy of Google is aimed at providing the aid to women and children, the poor, and at contributing to the education and healthcare development. The company facilitates the realization of talents of young generation. In particular, Google organizes a special event called the Social Innovation Cup giving to the applicants the opportunity to reveal their creativity and knowledge. Google Grants, another social programe of the company, is aimed at providing funds to young people from the poor countries to pay for their education. The statistical data released by the World Health Organization and the widespread discussions of the global warming and the other keen environmental problems put pressure on large corporations motivating them to make the efforts in reduction of the pollution and encouraging them going ‘green’ (Dwyer, 2009, p.1202). It goes without saying that CSR programs take an important place in the modern business development. The society obtains the benefits from CSR in the form of the safer environment, healthier products, and charity programs, whereas corporations benefit from the better image and reputation.
Each person has their strengths that need to be developed, and their weaknesses, which they need to fight. I chose the profession of a nurse because it is necessary to have several strong qualities, such as discipline, independence, sociability, and self-confidence. These strengths are inherent to me, and I strive for constant development and improvement. I also have weaknesses that I will seek to correct. These include straightforwardness, excessive emotionality, self-criticism, and the desire to please everyone. This essay aims to describe the actions to develop and strengthen my strengths and eliminate my weaknesses. A nurse needs to be disciplined, I have such a quality, and I would like not to lose it. To do this, I will allocate a certain amount of time for each task and try to accomplish it. In addition, I will make a list of necessary tasks, distribute them by priority level, and strictly follow this list. These actions will help me develop my discipline and dose the time for work and rest. To develop my independence, I will try to take tasks in which it is necessary to make decisions and make choices more often. Of course, sometimes these decisions will be essential and responsible, but this will have an even more positive impact on my independence. For example, I will take responsibility for drawing up a treatment plan for patients and independently make decisions to monitor their recovery. I will develop my strong side, such as communication, by constantly maintaining friendly, positive contacts with patients and medical staff. I will give helpful advice if I am asked for it to inquire about the health status of patients whom I supervised after their discharge. I will also try to meet my colleagues more often in an informal setting, for example, go to the movies or for walks with them. In most cases, I am confident in my decisions, actions, and deeds, but I will continue to develop this strong side. To do this, I will recognize my achievements and gratefully accept praise from colleagues and patients. In addition, I will draw up a detailed plan for training and developing my nursing skills. Moreover, I will always strive to achieve what I want by any means. Among my weaknesses, I single out my straightforwardness, which often manifests itself in adverse situations, but it must be combated. In a dispute or a problematic situation, I will pull myself away from straightforward statements in order not to spoil relations with other people. There are times when I feel that it is quite difficult to restrain myself. In this case, I will take a break in negotiations, go for a walk for a few minutes, and carefully consider the current situation and the ways to solve it. I will apply the same solution to my excessive emotionality. To get rid of excessive self-criticism, I will praise
The proponents of the legitimization of marijuana for medical use argue that it has numerous medical uses. Indeed, it seems impossible to disagree with this view because marijuana is not the only opioid that is used for medical purposes. More precisely, the pain of patients with terminal cancer is treated with morphine (Ho et al., 2020). Therefore, in this case, the end justifies the means. Currently, in the US, there is a rather peculiar situation with the legalization of marijuana for medical use. 36 American states permit to use of marijuana if it was prescribed by a physician. At the same time, at the federal level, usage of cannabis is not legal. It seems fair to say that the federal government should control states ability to regulate prescription and use of marijuana so that all American citizens would have equal rights and opportunities. To accomplish this goal, it might be suggested to create a universal list of medical conditions that should be treated using marijuana and dosage for each case. These conditions should be well-defined to eradicate the possibility of different interpretations. Besides, the federal government could pass a law that obliges the states to adhere to the previously mentioned medical conditions list. I suppose that medical legalization of cannabis would not cause recreational legalization. The major reason for this is that people who were prescribed marijuana because of their health conditions have no other treatment method. Besides, the dosage is fixed and, therefore, would not bring any harm. The use of marijuana for recreational purposes is a different thing because there are numerous ways to relax apart from taki