ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The following is an explication of the poem “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” by William Butler Yeats. This analysis of “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” will discuss the poem, line by line, while explaining the meaning of literary elements involved for critical appreciation. According to Capuano (146), “Instead of establishing a distance between speaker and reader, Yeats fuses the reader’s perspective into the speaker’s memory of a detached and physically separate island.” Indeed, the poem is capable of guiding the reader through a tranquil land from memory. The objective of this explication is to make the meaning of “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” clear. Explication Yeats had the “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” published in 1892, and the final published version of the poem is as follows: ‘I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made; Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee, And live alone in the bee-loud glade. And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow, Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings; There midnight’s all a-glimmer, and noon a purple glow, And evening full of the linnet’s wings. I will arise and go now, for always night and day I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore; While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray, I hear it in the deep heart’s core.’ (Yeats para. 1-3). The first stanza takes the reader from ordinary reality to the speaker’s imagination. Symbolism in “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” is not evident in the first line as it sets the stage for the rest of the poem. It does this while showing the reader the central idea that the author intends to travel to Innisfree (but is not there at the beginning of the poem). The second line begins to add imagery to the poem, and further introduces the setting of the land in question, but here in terms of the speaker’s residence. Introducing the residence is naturally essential because it is central to the speaker’s perspective, and the speaker also describes the creation of the home. With only two lines of the poem, Yeats can take the reader into his memory, which (in combination with the title) implies the location is serene, full of nature, and tranquil without explicitly saying so until later in the poem. The third line adds more imagery, and the solitude of the speaker and extent of natural lifestyle is confirmed with this (and the fourth) line. From this stanza, the author informs the reader of his desire for a peaceful lifestyle, an escape, and the blessings of nature, and further confirms his ability to experience these things in a home he has established for himself on the Lake Isle of Innisfree. The second stanza begins to dive deeper into the speaker’s memory as his desire for peace and the extent of the tranquility there. The first line asserts that peac
How Do the Poor Consider Risks in the Life Choices They Make? Poverty is typically viewed as an extraordinarily damaging environment not only because of the unavailability of numerous essential resources or the lack of employment opportunities, studying, and, therefore, future financial success. It is also the mind frame of people living behind the poverty threshold that affects their condition. Particularly, how poor people see risks needs to be addressed. Because of the fear of losing the little that they own, poor people develop the propensity to avoid risks and, thus, prefer not to take chances in the scenarios that do not imply immediately and doubtless gain (Carvalho, Meier, Wang, 2016). Furthermore, the risks associated with health, war, and terrorism, etc., are viewed as the issues of major concern for people living in poverty. Rajen Makhijani: Middle and Upper Classes Do Not Understand the Poor. Social Class Effect The specified attitude represents a striking contrast to how high- and middle-class citizens define risk. Enjoying significantly greater security, members of the middle class do not typically view the risks associated with health and economic stability as something that they can lose instantly. As a result, members of the middle class tend to be more decisive in their life choices. Not being afraid that a sudden change will turn out to be not only disruptive but also destructive to their well-being, people from the middle-class tier prefer to take risks if they see an opportunity for the further development and growth. Consequently, unlike poor people, middle-class citizens have more opportunities for personal and professional growth (Mader, 2015). It would be erroneous to claim that representative of the middle-class view risk solely as an opportunity for a potential gain. Instead, members of the middle class tend to assess key factors carefully before choosing whether to dismiss a particular challenge or accept it (Rocha, Rocha, & Rocha, 2015). Poor people, in contrast, have the propensity to avoid risks at all costs. Seeing that an ability to participate in risk-taking also requires substantial skills, such as the ability to assess relevant challenges and opportunities, it could also be argued that it is the lack of education opportunities and professional growth that prevents people living below the poverty threshold to accept risks as a chance to succeed (Dubois, Rucker, & Galinsky, 2015). Sense of Purpose and Wealth It could also be argued that wealth is linked to a sense of purpose to a considerable extent. It is often assumed that wealthy people’s lives are less purpose-driven than those of poor people. On the one hand, the availability of resources makes any further effort pointless. As a result, a wealthy person may be deprived of the experience of a triumph that follows a successful en
Introduction The media creates stereotypes and distorts image ideals creating psychological and physical issues for all people, women more so than men. From our earliest history, it has been through our outward appearances that we project who and what we are to other people. Studies have continuously shown that people dress a certain way and acquire certain things to try to evince an attitude of belonging to a particular subset of individuals who embody their ideals. Society puts way too much emphasis on outward physical appearance. Women especially are impacted by this societal flaw. Women throughout history have dealt with significant barriers to their well-being and restrictions on their abilities. Although society has come a long way in terms of providing women with chances to express themselves more and explore other aspects of their inner selves, modern civilization as typified by media images continues to place supreme emphasis upon a woman’s appearance as the true measure of her worth rather than more important aspects of her being such as personality, intelligence, compassion or talents. Plastic surgery is commonly used as a ‘quick fix to correct physical flaws. It’s psychologically and physically unhealthy for individuals and society as a whole. Pressure from All Sides By the emphasis placed upon outer beauty, going so far as to include major surgery in multiple points of the body to attain it can be counterproductive. Young persons, girls, in particular, constantly compare themselves to the images they see on TV and in their favorite magazines as well as hear the comments of others around them who also hold these impossible standards are at great risk for serious problems. “Research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked with depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls” (“Beauty and Body Image”, 2009). This problem is made worse by the fact that many mothers contribute to the problem without even realizing they’re doing so. “Many mothers have their unresolved issues about weight and body image that inadvertently interfere with their ability to help their daughters create a healthy sense of their bodies” (Bartell, 2008). The problem has been traced through almost every age group, beginning with a very young girl’s just starting social interaction at kindergarten and extends well into adulthood without help. “One out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control – including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women’s Health Network warns that wei
Poet Jack Gilbert is a proficient writer who is known for his masterpieces. The poet did an excellent job keeping his private life private and making sure that all people knew was his written work. Comparing that to what he says about stubborn gladness, it is evident he guides his happiness and joy vehemently and may have a lot to do with why he dies happily at 87 years old. In the poem “A Brief for the Defense,” there are different themes exemplified. An analysis of the themes of suffering, beauty, and grief, as seen in the poem, will be done in this essay. The poem is straightforward, and immediately after one starts to read it, they get images of things that have happened around them or to them that were hard to look away from. The central attention of the poem is about the rawness of humanity, the violence, bleakness and suffering in the state of being human. The one distinguishing factor in this poem and Jack Gilbert’s work is simplicity, straightforward language, and a clear tone of execution. Gilbert uses classical images and precise language with extended metaphors to explore suffering, grief, and beauty. In the first line, “Sorrow everywhere/ Slaughter everywhere,” one sees the theme of suffering (Housden 18). An image starts from babies starving somewhere and life being full of grief as flies fill the babies’ nostrils. The writer gives the reader an extreme contradiction of the great suffering of life and its extraordinary joys. Gilbert wants everyone to appreciate the presence of each person because they exist in a light that is unaccountable to one another. Gilbert ascribes the nature of events and how the world can be seen as the work of God. In the poem, the stark horrors of violence, poverty, and calamities are portrayed on one side. On the other side, a view of beautiful portraits of laughter and beauty is depicted. The existence of beauty in suffering is seen as an impoverished survival in the mundane habits of life. The poem shows how suffering is not sovereign, as seen in the line “To make injustice the only measure of our attention, is to praise the Devil” (Housden 18). Gilbert shows the reader through juxtaposing how the world is laid out; both good and bad exist, as well as pain and pleasure, and it is the existence of each that makes the other worth and fulfilling. Gilbert shows how many times people’s lives are ruined because they are in a constant battle to separate the concrete marred realities that have both suffering and joy. The human life experience is similar to a tainted piece of art that looks chaotic and beautiful at the same time. If the chaos is removed, then somewhat the beauty of the art is lost along with it. There is no need to sanitize the painful encounters of life from the happy ones because it is in the blending that beauty is found. Many analysts believe that one writing a poem, such as Gilbert, has to pay very close attention. The poem wants people to see how fundamental it is to be keen and not want to miss it
Introduction Literature, whether it is a long novel or a short story, has a way of exploring some of the most difficult issues faced by people today. This is true even if the story is based on events that happened long ago. The benefit of stories set in other times, though, is that they also offer some insight as to how everyday life was affected by events we learn about in history class. This is the case with Charles Chestnutt’s short story “The Wife of His Youth” in which the significant disruption of life experienced by the institution of slavery and the Civil War is illustrated through the story of the husband, the story of the wife, and the events in the period of the story itself. The story of Mr.Ryder Rather than being told chronologically, the story of Mr. Ryder is told backward beginning in the present when he decides to throw a ball as a means of building up to a marriage proposal to a very refined woman he has grown to admire. The struggle he went through to attain a position of respect and responsibility is revealed in the first section beginning with his arrival in the city is told as if this is when his life began. He remembers how he “had come to Groveland a young man, and obtaining employment in the office of a railroad company as the messenger had in time worked himself up to the position of stationery clerk, having charge of the distribution of the office supplies for the whole company.” He is described as being very industrious as if he is distracting himself from something. These hints only become clear at the end of the story as he is explaining himself to his guests. Just as Mr. Ryder has finally overcome the grief and guilt he felt as a young man after having lost his first wife, she shows up at his door attempting to put her own life in order as he had been doing. As she tells her story, it becomes clear that her life also suffered a great disruption not once but twice, and resolving this disruption was her life’s goal. The first was caused by slavery as her husband had to run away, although he was already free, to avoid being sold. The second was a combination of slavery and war as Liza Jane’s hint to her husband was discovered and her master first beat her and then sold her further south. However,
Global Trade Globalization is the increase in global relationship of the people, activities such as trade and culture. Globalization has been made possible through open borders and movement of people, goods and services, exchange of cultural practices, movement of capital without restrictions, and technology (Goldstein vi). In trade, globalization refers to the movement of goods and services within the nations through elimination of barriers to international trade. These barriers are the different types of tariffs such as import and export duties charged on imports and exports. Goldstein VI asserts that the history of global trade dates back in the 18 th century through the discovery of capitalism market. Global trade further expanded in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century because of industrialization (Goldstein VI). However, the fully realization of the global trade was achieved after the Second World War. After the World War II, “the international community shared a vision of global community of democratic nations” (Frost 34). The effort was in bringing a “peaceful co-existence, economic development and respect for the human rights” (Frost 11). In 1940s, several organizations were formed to regulate, formulate and implement the rules to govern the International trade. The first organizations to be formed were the GATT that was a counterpart of United Nations, the World Bank and the IMF (International Monetary Funds) (Frost 33). The GATT provided the international trade rules until the birth of World Trade organization in late1980s. The formation of World Trade Organization was characterized by “political will to support stronger institutional framework” (Frost 51) by the new world that was revived after the end of Cold War in late 1980s. With the formation of world Trade Organization, better systems of global trading were created. WTO encouraged the elimination of discriminatory treatment in the global trade relations. It further, made sure that the existing trade barriers were fully eliminated. The emphasis was in improving and maintaining specific goals that would improve the living standards, through provision of “employment with a growing amount of demand and income” (Frost 19). In addition, the WTO focused on increasing the production of goods and services to ensure health and sustainable international trade and development (Frost 14). WTO encouraged rules that would “provide maximum fairness, openness and transparency” (Frost 16). The WTO also had principles that governed it during the formulation and implementation of rules. The organization basic principles included fair competition (Frost 18). Thus, the global trade according to the WTO principles was meant to reduce unfair competition between the developed countries and developing countries. In fair competition, the organization ensures that developed countries do not exploit the developing countries. The organization ensures there is fair distribution of goods and services in the international markets by setting quotas for the developed nation’
The “Gaining Leverage through Power and Persuasion” presentation has provided me with a number of ideas and new data. Here, I will provide their short overview and dwell on the ideas that are especially captivating in my opinion. The presentation is devoted to the balance in negotiations, an aspect that must be considered in order to ensure their successfulness. The notions of power and leverage are introduced, and the relationships between them and some of their specifics are defined. Basically, power is the tool for leverage, which logically follows from the terms as well as their definition. The sources of power are discussed as well, and the persuasion power type has been applied to leverage possibilities. Various means of persuasion (arguments including the Aristotle’s three keys; persuasive language and means of nonverbal communication) are discussed in detail. Apart from that, the presentation dwells on BATNA, its qualities, and its variations at length. A peculiar table with a “dictionary” for nonverbal communication is introduced as well. Naturally, all the information mentioned above (in particular, negotiation tips) is of interest and, what is more important, of practical use. However, a couple of ideas that I have been provided with turned out to be especially insightful. First of all, I was thrilled to meet the idea that BATNA is “in the eye of the beholder.” It was both new and familiar to me since I had met and considered similar conclusions before. Now, I am glad that I have this idea spelled out, proved, and at my service. The implication of this view is also very significant: it means that the ability to negotiate depends greatly on the ability to use and demonstrate BATNAs and highlights the fact that I need to be acquainted with the needs, values, and perceptions of the opposing party to be able to employ my BATNA right. Also, this idea is in line with the fact that to have power is not enough; successful negotiations depend on the correct application of this power, that is, on the leverage. Just the lever is not enough to move the world; you need to find the fulcrum (which is best seen from the perspective of the opponent). Also, the value of a BATNA in every particular negotiation is appraised relatively to the other party’s BATNA. These facts (the relative and perception-based nature of BATNA) define the skills that can be used to manage BATNA. Understanding these facts and incorporating them into one’s negotiation practice both appear necessary to ensure success. Apart from that, I am appreciative of the slide that demonstrates the correlation of personality types and negotiation roles. I understand that the presented model is probably simplified, but due to its organization, it does allow transitional forms of roles. Apart from that, it is inclusive. Nowadays we are increasingly encouraged to remain ourselves and use our traits to our advantage rather than work to change them (which is basically impossible). The Personality Types figure demonstrates that character traits can facilitate the participat
With the advent of the camera, people began to prefer photographers to take portraits because it was faster and cheaper. It influenced the visual arts in the context of material interests and gave rise to new directions. The photographic process of that time was far from perfect: exposure could last for about half an hour; otherwise, there was a risk of getting a blurry image. A famous American photographer, Steve McCurry, states that things with imperfection have its own certain beauty (Girardet, 2021). This principle has some similarities to one of the main goals of art: depicting beautifulness. The invention of the camera was a revolutionary moment in the history of art. It not only gave birth to a new kind of visual art such as photography but also influenced existing types. Therefore, instead of competing with photography in the believability of the image, the artists turned their attention to what was inaccessible to photography – light, color, and movement. This was one of the prerequisites for the emergence of Impressionism – a trend that focused on capturing the moment, state, mood. Edgar Degas, for example, applied new knowledge and experience gained by discovering new details in photographs. Therefore, in his sketches of hounds, you can see that he began to depict the process of lifting the hooves off the ground in sequential order, as he noticed in photographs. Previously, most artists believed that a horse lifts all of its hooves off the ground when running. Moreover, according to Bull (2020), not only posture, light, and object of the photograph itself and the cultural implications are important, but also emotional aspects. This formulates a certain similarity with the influence that photography had on art, especially Impressionism: artists began to give preference to realism.
China is globally renowned for its relentless efforts to reduce its population growth through its infamous one-child policy for married couples and the requirement to acquire a family planning certificate. This policy was introduced in 1979 and was only abandoned for a two-child policy in 2016 (Fifield, 2020). Thus, the one-child policy was effective for 37 years, although population growth control in China is continuous. China has made significant efforts and progress in improving the educational opportunities for its women. For example, the Chinese government has not only enacted laws that make girls’ education compulsory but also collaborates with non-profit organizations to address existing gaps, especially within rural populations (Martin, 2018). Consequently, education is more accessible to girls according to recent trends in which, at 51.4%, female college students comprise more than half of the entire university student population (Martin, 2018). Therefore, the one-child policy coupled with improved education opportunities for women has been a major pillar of China’s population control endeavors. Increased educational opportunities for women have been a major factor in elevating their socio-economic status. Vanham (2018) reports that more than half of the Chinese gross domestic product (GDP) is attributable to women—mostly single and well-educated. These women are described as being at the higher tiers of the ‘self-actualization pyramid’ regarding their economic status, but aspersions over their social status arise owing to their unmarried status (Vanham, 2018). Nonetheless, their immense contribution to the country’s economy cannot be overlooked. It necessarily follows that education enables women to make meaningful contributions to the economy through viable income generation activities that are critical to the eradication of poverty. Hence, it is indisputable that better access to education has translated to the improvement of the social and economic status of Chinese women.