ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction One of the responsibilities of a healthcare professional is communication with a patient, especially when it comes to making health decisions with a lasting impact. Among other things, having meaningful conversations with a patient helps to gain informed consent, which is the foundation of ethical medical practice. However, transmitting information is not always possible when a healthcare professional interacts with non-English speakers and their families. The inability to gain consent from such patients compromises the principle of autonomy. This essay will discuss the issue of medical consent in non-English speakers and measures that medical facilities might undertake such as hiring professional interpreters. Factors Influencing Care in Non-English Speakers and Their Families Some worldwide tendencies account for the pressing issue of language discordance at medical facilities – fast-paced globalization, increasing rates of migration, and travel. As a result, medical practitioners have to work with a growing number of non-English speaking patients, with little to no training on how to deal with such situations. A study by Parsons, Baker, Smith-Gorvie, and Hudak (2014) showed that physicians in Toronto had to choose between “getting by” and “getting help” – as in doing their best or delegating communication to an interpreter (e004613). They based their choice on time constraints, the gravity of the issue, and availability of facilitating services. Language barriers are not only disruptive to communication but also reasonably frustrating for each party involved. In a survey conducted in the US, half of the respondents reported a poor understanding of treatment goals and test results (Raynor, 2015). There is evidence that communication barriers had the potential of leading to adverse health outcomes and insufficient compliance with treatment plans (Lee et al., 2017). Thus, language discordance may also be dangerous in perspective, especially in regards to the inability to fully consent due to misunderstanding. Interpretation as Workable Solution Hiring a professional who is fluent in two or more languages and knowledgeable of medical terminology may help significantly with dealing with non-English speakers. In their study, Lee et al. (2017) advocated for providing rapid access to bedside phones for translation. The findings of their research showed that interpretation over the phone improved consent for patients with limited language proficiency. After phone interpreter implementation, a larger
The article under discussion is devoted to the problem of inequality and the way it affects the lives of different genders. Claire Cain suggests that boys are generally more sensitive to the unfavorable conditions on which they grow up. She presumes that a disadvantaged childhood is likely to have a stronger impact on boys’ future than on girls’ perspectives (Cain, 2015). The author provides the results of research that prove her point of view showing that boys tend to react more eagerly to the injustice they face when being small. It is assumed that the boys’ acute reaction can be explained by the fact that a boy raised by a single mother is apt to respond to the reality differently than a girl that has been left by her father. Cain points out that boys frequently experience discipline problems that are also one of the key factors affecting their future. A particular emphasis is made on the ethnic issue. The research says that whereas the gap between boys’ and girls’ perception of poverty is almost insignificant in white families, it is enormous for Latino and African children. The researchers insist on the single-parent factor as the determinant reason. They suppose that the lack of a male model results in a highly sensitive attitude to the surrounding events, particularly to those of the negative character. The author depicts an example of a single mother that agrees on the negative consequences of an incomplete family. Cain suggests that the results of her insights can be equally applied by parent, teachers, and the police in order to find a better approach to understanding children’s psychology and, thus, the motivation for their actions. The author believes that the problem can be solved more efficiently in case it is handled on time. Analysis The article under discussion enlightens a series of acute and important issues. First of all, it raises the problem of social injustice, including wealth inequality, racial injustice, and, to a certain extent, the gender lack of balance. To begin with, one should point out that there is a wide-spread opinion that social inequality is closely connected to the globalization process (Butler & Wat, 2006). The more people learn about the lives of others, the more criteria they obtain for drawing parallels. Applying this fact to the issue discussed in the article, one can note that the problem of a disadvantaged background is particularly acute when a child enters a social institution such as a kindergarten or a school where he is likely to compare his childhood with one of his classmates. The supposition that boys have a more sensitive reaction to the inequality can be motivated by the fact that boys are more apt to have a significant focus on the material issues, while girls, as a rule, tend to concentrate on the family and relationships aspects as the criteria for one’s prosperit
Introduction Immigration is an inherent part of the modern world and millions of people each year decide to change their geographic location seeking a new life in a foreign country. The Christian church has always been supportive of the immigrants, especially those who were forced to leave their homeland due to religious persecution. For instance, since the 1950s, there is a noticeable trend among Christians living in the Middle East to move to other countries due to policies adopted by the Arab nations 1 . Nevertheless, Christians are not the only immigrants whom people pursuing their mission of spreading the faith can help. Any immigrants living in the local community can benefit from the support of passionate individuals motivated to assist those in need and promote biblical truths among them. As the Bible states, “But do not forget to do good and to share, for with such sacrifices God is well pleased” 2 . Cross-cultural awareness and the ability to act effectively in intercultural situations can significantly assist a person in their engagement with immigrants in their local community. The Steps for Working with Immigrants As stated before, intercultural communication principles and understanding of cultural intelligence can increase the effectiveness of sharing biblical truth with immigrants. The first step in my work with immigrants would be to learn more about their culture, language, social relations. Such basic knowledge will allow me to adjust my behavior for working with immigrants and to make their intercultural experience as smooth as possible. As a result, I will be able to develop my cultural empathy, which is, according to Livermore, vital for getting an insight into the self-experiences of the immigrants 3 . Essentially, I will prepare myself to becomes a person with whom immigrants will be able to communicate openly and freely. To do it, I will sacrifice my time and efforts and will show my brotherly love to the immigrants since, as Paul said, “whoever sows generously will also reap generously” 4 . My knowledge of the immigrants’ culture and language will let me establish trust in our relationship, which will be essential for communicating biblical truth to them. The next step in my culturally aware work with the immigrants living in the local community would focus on integration through communal social events. I will organize community events and invite both local members of the church and the immigrants in order to create a safe environment for them to meet. Such events help increase the cultural awareness of the locals and improve their confidence in terms of interacting with immigrants, thus enhancing their cultural intelligence 5 . Moreover, such events must be organized aroun
The history of civilizations is interlaced with the use of intoxicating substances. Alcoholic beverages and drugs were largely utilized within ancient cultures for recreational, cultural, or religious purposes (Nathan et al. 3). While the cultural environment might make a substance socially acceptable, its abuse is considered an addiction. Modern societies have witnessed an increased number of unhealthy habits, including behavioral dependencies (Robbins and Clark 1). This paper analyzes how the idea of addiction has changed in our recent past by utilizing two events in 1920 and 1967. The text dwells on some of the current trends in addictions, focusing on the emerging Internet Gaming Disorder and the rise of synthetic drugs. When the colonization of the Americas started, the consumption of alcohol was common practice in Europe, and it spread across the New World following the development of American society. Its abuse became such a social plague that, in the late eighteenth century, it gave rise to a movement aimed at prohibiting or abolishing alcohol. The primary goal of the Temperance Movement was to direct the nation’s attention to the harmful consequences of alcohol consumption (Nathan et al. 5). The Movement gained momentum along the whole nineteenth century and influenced the government to pass the 1920 Eighteenth Amendment (Nathan et al. 5) which made intoxicating liquors illegal in the U.S. The Eighteenth Amendment is important from a socio-cultural perspective as it ratified the stigmatization of the abuse of alcohol within the society. In 1967, the police broke into the country house of Keith Richards in Redlands, Sussex, finding cannabis, amphetamines, and other illegal substances (Collins 1). Richards and his bandmate Mick Jagger were charged with drug offenses and sentenced to imprisonment. One month after the sentence, however, the court canceled the conviction for Richards and suspended the condemnation for Jagger. The Redlands Affair raised a lively debate on permissiveness, individual behavior, and social responsibility (Collins 2). The episode reveals a new attitude towards addictions within society, where the use of potentially harmful substances was a matter of individual freedom. The turn of the millennium has witnessed the proliferating of new trends within addictions, including Internet-related behavioral disorders and significant use of synthetic drugs. Many websites investigate new dependencies from different perspectives. Psychology Today deepens the diffusion of addictive behaviors (Sarkis). Between 2000 and 2016 the number of Internet users has increased by 1000%, and Internet Gaming Disorder is considered an addictive mental disorder (Kuss and Lopez-Fernandez 143). While the scope of addictive Internet use is far from being fully understood, the abuse
The firm’s output price is $25.00 per unit. This is against the average variable cost of $22.0 per unit. This means that if the firm has no fixed costs it can operate at a profit of $3.00 per unit. However, adding the $1,000,000.00 fixed cost, the total costs exceed the total revenues and the firm operates at a loss of $3.00 per unit. Using the second assumption of $3,000,000.00 fixed costs the firm’s average variable cost is unaffected. However the total costs of production comes to $7,400,000.00 hence making huge losses. Under this assumption the total cost per unit comes to $37.00 hence making a loss of $12.00 per unit. Under the first assumption the firm should shut down once the fixed costs reach $1,000,000.00. This is because the firm shifts from making profit to incurring losses. Fixed cost is the cost that remains unchanged at the various levels of output. An organization’s management should be able to analyze the fixed costs properly so as to set a required markup that will ensure that the total revenue exceeds both the fixed and the variable cost (John, 2006). This is the only way that a firm can ensure that it breaks even or even better, record profits. The other importance of analyzing the costs of a firm is to be able to track, monitor and set the desired level of productivity that will ensure that it makes the targeted profit margins (Peter & Curwen, 1990). Under the assumption of $1,000,000.00 fixed costs, the firm can operate at a loss in the short run. However, some employees may need to be laid off to ensure that it breaks even. Under the first assumption a total of 5,000 workers need to be laid off so that the firm can break even. In the second assumption a total of 30,000 workers need to be laid off so that the firm can break even. The decision of lying off workers so as to achieve the targeted profit margins is usually carried out where the management ascertains that there is production idle capacity (David, 1974). This means that the same number of workers can increase productivity to achieve more output than the current one or fewer workers can increase their productivity to achieve the same level of output. The management therefore ought to determine the level of idle capacity and match it with the desired output so as to make sure that workers are well able to achieve the new levels of output. In both of these cases, lying off the workers means that their productivity needs to increase so as to maintain the 200,000 units of output per day. Under the first assumption, the productivity needs to go up to 4.44 units per worker per day. This is not a huge change in the number of workers and the firm need not close down
The introduction of the presentation consists of two slides that clearly describe the purpose of the further analysis and determine the nursing problem which should be addressed using the selected methods of nursing inquiry. Both the significance and scope of the identified nursing problem were included in the introduction part. Since all three requirements are presented in the introduction, it is possible to state that this section shows the highest level of performance and can be rated at 20 points. In the main part of the work, three forms of nursing inquiry, which are evidence-based practice, quality improvement, and research, are presented. Purpose, method, and outcome are given for each form of nursing inquiry, which allows for saying that the forms are briefly compared and contrasted in terms of these three criteria. However, one may note that minor corrections should be made to identified aims, methods, and outcomes. In particular, the aim of evidence-based practice is not just to identify a gap in best evidence but also to find and translate the evidence to apply it to clinical decision-making. Such a definition would be more helpful in differentiating between research and evidence-based practice. One could suggest mentioning that unlike research and evidence-based practice, quality improvement does not require a critical appraisal or vast literature review, which is why this inquiry is the most typical for nurses. It would be appropriate to note that the aim of the research is not only to identify a gap in evidence but also to generate new knowledge. It is not quite clear what is the difference between quality improvement and research. It would be advisable to add that quality improvement is focused on im
Emirates Airline’s Current Mission The current mission of Emirates Airline is focused on achieving global growth while supporting the development of communities where it operates. As Plunkett (2009) observes, the mission of this firm states, “Caring for our employees and stakeholders, as well as the environment and the communities we serve, have played a huge part in our past and will continue to shape our future” (p. 90). As shown in this statement, Emirates Airline’s mission statement focuses on the development of all the stakeholders within the firm. In its effort to earn profits to its owners, the firm is still determined to ensure that all other stakeholders’ interests are taken care of in order to achieve holistic growth. It is committed to improving the welfare of its employees, customers, and the community as an approach to achieving sustainability. The following are some of the objectives of this firm.   * To engage in community initiatives focused on improving the living standards of the disadvantaged children in various parts of the world.   * To offer continued support to the workforce, the stakeholders, and our environment as a way of achieving sustainability.   * To maintain business ethics as the foundation of the firm’s success both in the local and international market. The above objectives of Emirates Airline have defined its current strategies in the market. The firm has introduced a new approach to handling its customers as a way of increasing their level of satisfaction. It has introduced different modes of entertainment for its passengers when they are on board. For the employees, there are initiatives meant to reward the best performing workforce on an annual basis. The firm has also increased its corporate social responsibilities focused on environmental protection and community development. This strategy has endeared the customers and the community at large to this firm. Employees also feel respected and have the desire to give their best to this firm. Emirates Airline’s Current Financial Condition In order to understand the Emirates Airline’s current financial condition, it is important to analyze some of its financial statements over the past few years. In this section, it would be important to review the firm’s balance sheet and income statement for the last three years. Emirates Airline Balance Sheet Period Ending                         Dec 31, 2013                  Dec 31, 2012  Dec 31, 2011                                      Assets                               Current Assets                                                             Cash And Cash Equivalents     2,966,000     2,791,000     2,962,000                                       Short Term Investments        959,000       958,000       958,000                                         Net Receivables               3,345,000     2,156,000     2,024,000                                       Inventory                     1,063,000     1,023,000     535,000
What is the main argument of the video? The video under discussion is devoted to the problem of injustice and inequality. The program’s guest, Michelle Alexander, describes the cast system that has been created in the USA within the past decades, and within which the rights of different population groups are violated outrageously. Summarize the video from start to finish The analyzed video summarizes the discriminating activity targeted at felons. Michelle Alexander, the guest, describes her observations that she has been collecting throughout the years of a detailed problem examination. The first problem that the author mentions while speaking about the challenges which felons meet trying to integrate into society is employment. Hence, according to Alexander, finding a job is “next to impossible” for a former felon. 1 In other words, an ex-felon might only account for a low-paid occupation that does not require having the relevant license. Alexander explains this phenomenon by the fact that the American society is rather immature from the civil rights perspective. In other words, its tolerance capacity is rather low regardless of the slogans that it proclaims. The woman believes that the root of this civil radicalism might be found in the past when the Civil Movement took a wrong shift to the increase in the legislative pressure. 2 The video content offers a brief overview of the key flaws of the American justice system. Thus, Michelle Alexander suggests distinguishing such drawbacks as the excessive power of persecutors, mandatory minimum sentences, and dominating racial prejudices. The latter is determined by the growing fear of immigrants that create a negative image of a foreigner in the American minds. 3 Another part of the video is devoted to political analysis. Michelle Alexander believes that the general political strategy substitutes real actions with powerful slogans – the administration does not perform any activity to minimize the social inequality. The woman believes that the alternative solution resides in the social initiative – community movements should strive to improve the surrounding environment from the bottom. She is convinced that the idea of equality that is an integral part of the American mentality, is still alive so that social movements should not drop the fight. 4 Does the video give time to opposing viewpoints? If so, are opposing viewpoints treated in an equal manner? Why or why not? The video does not imply a direct opposition
Introduction Google is a company that was founded almost twenty years ago. As for its vision and mission, it needs to be said that these statements reflect a powerful concept as to what it aspires in the future and enhances in the present time. Being one of the most successful brands ever known, Google has established a mission statement that is merely unique if compared to ones used by other companies. According to the latter, the company exists to “organise the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful”; at the same time, striving “to provide access to the world’s information in one click” is supposed to be the vision of the company (Thompson, 2017). Any successful organization can make its work meaningful for both those people doing it and the users who will be using it. Nevertheless, an unsuccessful organization is one that cannot provide a clear mission statement, i.e. an organization whose mission statement falls flat, focusing merely on a shareholder value and ignoring the great role of competitiveness in the marketplace. Also, such inappropriate statements usually concentrate solely on the rapid income, ignoring the quality and the standards that users could experience in the future (Amabile & Kramer, 2012). The present report will outline the success of Google Design as a cooperative working in a specific field. The latter is the designing field in which the work progressed among the team is aimed at creating and crafting tools, resources, events, and publications that will enhance and support further options, opportunities, and outlines to design and technology both inside and outside google (“About”, 2017). The information on the given company that has been chosen for the report will be analytically summarized, and an increased attention will be paid to its vision statement and mission statement, its values and propositions stated, and its trajectory of success. Thus, the main points in the body of the report will be focusing on how other cooperations can apply the same strategies that have been proven to be successful, accommodate the same concepts and tactics, and eventually answer the question: if you were given the opportunity to join the team, then how you should contribute? Google Strategy The strategy can be characterised in terms of cost, quality, speed, and coordination. The Google Design strategy