ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This essay aims to select a sample of five Soul songs and analyze them collectively for the messaging they convey regarding the Black Power movement. While “Soul” is universally acknowledged as a style or aesthetic when applied to food or music, little does anyone realize that it also played a defining role at a particular time in shaping the history of Africa America most importantly, the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and ’60s (Guillory and Green, p. 3). Just as there are many forms and subgenres of Soul, including Motown, Classic Soul, Philadephia Soul, and Memphis Soul, there is also a huge variety of songs and albums that reflect the Black experience in different times periods (Burnim and Maultsby, p. 11). For the sake of simplicity, we shall restrict our window of analysis to the song lyrics written mostly during or after the turbulent ’60s. The soul is a very delicate subject, generally meant to be pleasing to the senses, but it can also be a highly refined genre subject to innovative interpretations, some of which are mentioned below. Let’s start off with the “Godfather of Soul”, James Brown, whose iconic album “Say it Loud, I’m Black and I’m Proud” became the anthem of the Black Power movement due to its strong statement on Black cultural nationalism (Vierkant, p. 2). The song addresses the system of perpetual oppression affecting a benighted Black community, but as a generalization, could be easily extended to anyone who remains under the jackboots of an unchangeable system that is thwarting his progress in life. Brown’s signature-style song lyrics radically call upon the oppressed to break free from the manacles of social oppression and identify with self-empowerment, a statement which could be considered very bold for the 60’s when the average Black wasn’t very keen on swimming against the tide. A related song in the Chicago Soul subgenre, “keep on pushing” by Curtis Mayfield, carries the message of empowerment one step further by using the words “Hallelujah, hallelujah” as an endorsement for the Black Israelite movement again, a very powerful statement because it opines that Black Africans are the true Israelites, a very different interpretation from “Ham’s curse” which was a racist Biblical interpretation coined by Caucasians to imply that Blacks were a cursed race, and hence, to be forever subjected to servitude at their hands. Not any more! Another song in the Philadelphia Soul subgenre, “Backstabbers” by O’Jays is a “dark, ominous meditation on treachery” faced by African-Americans in their daily lives due to a racist
Introduction Speech communication is deployed in various interaction contexts between people of different ages and gender. For example, through speech communication, gender may be played out or acted. Through speech communication, people can build both positive and negatives relations. Relational aggression (RA) is one of the research areas in speech communication that have received immense scholarly research. RA refers to any damaging relationships in which people use speech to present negatively the social status of others. Relational aggression produces different negative life-long repercussions among people whose relationships are damaged. This paper focuses on relational aggression among youths aged between 18-22 years in 10 colleges in the Californian metropolitan area. Literature Review Relational violence or offensive relationship has been witnessed in many societies around the world. It denotes a form of harassment where damage on an individual is caused by interfering with the person’s affairs or social standing. Relational aggression can be deployed in several situations and among diverse age brackets. However, scholars have not investigated such hostility in details among teenagers. The consideration that this type of antagonism has received has been amplified by the facilitation of trendy media such as videos and paperbacks. In fact, a large scholarly body of knowledge that has examined the issue of relational aggression has focused primarily on adolescents. Peers influence one’s behavior and interaction processes significantly in the adolescent stage (Ostrov & Bishop, 2008). Such i
Introduction The criminal justice system of the United States is often criticized as overly harsh and ineffective as a rehabilitation tool. It is said to ruin inmates’ lives with its brutality and extreme sentencing, driving them to return to crime after release due to a lack of other opportunities. The given approach produces multiple adverse effects on people and complicates their resocialization and reintegration with societies. In such a way, formerly incarcerated people have many barriers preventing them from living in communities and increasing recidivism rates. On the other hand, Nordic and Scandinavian prison systems are often considered exemplary, featuring minimally harsh conditions and intended to help the inmates return to society. Through their innovative open prison concept, they let people keep working or attain higher education, which should address their issues after release and prevent them from returning to crime. Possessing skills and knowledge that can be useful in the future, former prisoners acquire the chance to find a job, find a place in communities, and avoid committing new crimes. In such a way, a milder approach to working with offenders has multiple advantages that can help to reintegrate them into society. A comparison of the differences in the opportunities that the two systems provide and the results that they achieve is therefore warranted. Research Question Fassin (2016) describes the harshness of the American prison system, up to and including its 60 “super max prisons” with next to no human contact. On the other hand, Lee (2019, 194-195) provides the example of the Danish Falster prison, the world’s most humane maximum security facility. Additionally, per Castro et al. (2018, 418), only 202 of the U.S.’s 4627 postsecondary education facilities provided courses for prisons. On the other hand, prison education is normalized in much of Scandinavian law (Cleere 2020), and people in open prisons can continue learning as normal. The given factors demonstrate the existence of critical differences between the two systems and approaches used by the governments to work with offenders. The radical divergence between the penitentiary systems triggers multiple debates about their effectiveness and the impact on the future life of people. The opponents argue whether the mild approach can help to reduce recidivism rates and assist formerly incarcerated people in their attempts to function in society. The differences in opinions and visions precondition the need for the in-depth investigation of both paradigms to compare and conclude about the influence they might have on people. As such, the research question for this paper would be, “Do the conditions at Scandinavian prisons and their education opportunities reduce the recidivism rates among inmates compared to those in the United St
Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the worst neurobehavioral disorders that affect young children, and research studies have proven that there is a specific genetic component attached to ADHD that has about 76 percent heritability. Therefore, the ADHD disorder not only affects children, but their parents and siblings as well since it is hereditary. Theories the study is based The research is based on Feingold diet theory, which asserted that there are some food combinations and food additives that lead to ADHD. Feingold found that some behavioral problems diminished among asthma patients, those with hives and other allergic reactions upon prescription of dietary changes (Graham, 2008). The need for investigation It is a serious medical concern that ADHD disorder can only be treated, but there is no cure for it. This prompted the need to investigate ways through which parents can treat their children, and possibly avoid foods that affect children with ADHD. Since very little is known about the cure for ADHD disorder, prevention would be the best alternative. In addition, there is a knowledge gap on the number of children who suffer from ADHD (Ermer, 2010). Definition of terminologies and concepts As discussed earlier, the synonym ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The concept ADHD can as well be understood in terms of its symptoms awareness. Some of the major symptoms that can be seen in children include impulsiveness, lack of concentration, distractibility, lack of attention, and very high activity levels. However, a parent should never conclude that his/her child has ADHD before consulting a qualified medical practitioner since it has been found that many children whose parents thought to be suffering from ADHD were merely active or at times very spirited (Harvard Mental Health, 2009). The basis for the chosen strategy The chosen strategy is to criticize the basic assumption, which is not founded on thorough research that ADHD has no cure, but little studies has been carried out on foods which effect children with this disorder that is currently taking enormous toll on many families with their children. In fact, many children have lost their self-esteem, fallen behind in studies and would need more help. Therefore, it is not important to conclude that ADHD has no cure, but to investigate the foods that effect children with this disorder (Pelsser, Frankena, Toorman, Savelkoul, Pereira & Buitelaar, 2009). Moreover, ADHD has made many families to suffer also since they must keenly monitor the activities of their hyperactive children because they are not often welcome in teams and other people’s premises due to their impulsive behavior. The needs of the affected children are critical an
Introduction Managing a business is a complex process. The complexity can only be broken down by the virtue of adopting several strategic practices. Strategies can help in simplifying the sub-processes of management in order to attain an accomplished organization of the business. Starting a business is a strategic move that should not be greatly based on the desire of an individual, but it has to be founded on the basis of the assessment and the understanding of the factors in the environment in which one wants to establish a business. Failure to conduct an assessment of the business environment and the subsequent development and sharing of the vision and mission of the business can result in a number of hitches as the business begins operating (Certo & Certo, 2012). A number of issues of management that can be termed as the causes of a stalemate in the management of the firm that was established by Amanda have come out in the case. This paper discusses the case and the recommendations. The development and sharing of a mission Missions are the key guiding basis for the operation of any organization, whether it is for profit or not-for-profit. Any organization must, thus, begin by developing a mission that acts as the basis on which the firm operations and activities are grounded. The failure to establish a mission at the start of a firm is one of the indicators of problems in the management of the firm. This is one mistake that was done by Amanda when establishing the accounting firm. She crafted the missions of the firm hastily. The other critical thing about the mission of a firm is that it has to be owned by the organization. The communication of the mission of the organization is, therefore, another vital activity in the management of a firm. Failing to communicate a mission amounts to putting the operation of the organization to jeopardy. In the case of the accounting firm, the mission was not shared and communicated to the employees. One critical factor of organizational cohesiveness and organizational performance is the endeavor of the organization to operate by fulfilling the attributes of the organization, which are embedded in the mission (Rao, Rao & Sivaramakrishna, 2008). The mission is like the heart of the organization and the center that controls all other developments in the organization. Failing to share and communicate the mission of the firm to the employees is like operating an organization without a mission. The mission of an organization is critical to the development of strategic goals and objectives for the company. It also encourages the development of individual goals and initiatives. Strategic goals are the pillar upon which the discharge of roles and functions in the organization are molded, thereby realizing the fulfillment of
In my country there are many television companies but I chose NTV and the show I watched is Prison break. This show is regularly shown in the station on Tuesdays at 8.05pm to 8.56pm. I watched the show meant for this assignment on the 1/1/08 at 8pm. I choose this time because this is the time I am always free and at this time I will have finished all my work. At 8.00pm is again near news time for the day, which takes place at 9pm always. Mostly am found in the house this specific times and I can allocate time for watching it. The show was shown for around for 29 minutes while non-show activities like advertising takes place for around 22 minutes. They take place in between the show and before the show after the show. The show is also divided into two first part begins at after the first advertisements and end at around 8.30pm allowing time for number of advertisements and news briefs. After the news briefs some advertisement takes place before the show begins. I was surprised to learn that the show takes a short period like that while most of the time was consumed by other non-show activities. In total there were ten advertisements that took place. Some were repeated twice or thrice while others took place once. They take a variety period of time, those that take place fifteen seconds are two, those with twenty seconds are four ,x those with thirty seconds are two while those with sixty seconds are two. Therefore I concluded that ads are more important as the program as they take also equal time with the program this also creates the awareness among the people for what they need and what is necessary. The most unusual thing I learned is that upcoming promotions are so regular and explicit than the rest and again they are a lot. The reason why it takes such a long time is that the advertiser is trying to introduce an item to the market and will want to the to have a capture of view of the item. Secondly it sends an appealing message to audience about the product or service for the purposes of winning their hearts. The time allocated for the commercial adverts is five minutes, public announcements is for minutes. The bloc advertisement has been allocated some time The market target for these adverts seems to be mostly the youths since the show is loved by the youths. The show majorly is meant for lovers of logical thinking and youthful in nature. This is why mostly adverts made relate to products that target the youth. The main purpose of this assignment is to test the students’ critical thinking and understanding of the subject. It also acts as source of orientation to students in the field of promotion. Immediately one leaves will be able to articulate the objectives of learning and apply them.
Introduction Each historical period produces its own ideals of feminine beauty, and the Victorian era is no exception. According to Hoffman-Reyes, morality, chastity, fragility, decency, docility, and frigidity were among the main “outwardly demure attributes” of Victorian feminine beauty (9). These qualities were expected from 19th-century women and encouraged through various conventional practices and behavioral norms, including engagement in work, eating, grooming, and other activities. Based on this, a beautiful female body may be regarded as an “aesthetic artifact” crafted through the values and concepts of the dominant ideology (Hoffman-Reyes 1). Thus, it is also valid to say that the images of female bodies in literature convey symbolic meanings that allow readers to interpret them within a broader cultural and social context of historic times when a literary piece was written. Considering this, the following question may be asked: which social and cultural qualities does Catherine’s body image in Wuthering Heights has and how does it evolve throughout the plot? Main body At the beginning of her adulthood, Catherine is represented as an ideal of 19th-century feminized beauty. Living in Thrushcross Grange after her injury, she engages in customary practices and adopts the local lifestyle. With the help of her mistress who tried to raise Catherine’s self-respect “with fine clothes and flattery,” the character changed her manner of dressing (Brontë and Brontë 43). From “a wild, hatless little savage jumping into the house, and rushing to squeeze us all breathless” Catherine
Introduction Courage calls upon a person to keep moving on even in the face of hopelessness or obstacles. In the society, there are many changes occurring and one can choose to both panic and fear to confront the change or choose to draw upon inner self and move forward. Rollo May says that one must have courage in order to live a meaningful life in the society. Courage, he insists, is not just one emotion among others, but the foundation on which all other virtues and values rest. Types of courage Courage is a fundamental emotion that every human being must possess. It enables one to exist meaningfully in the society and have the ability to bring change in the society and self. Physical courage Physical courage entails the use of one’s body to show sympathy and cultivate empathy. People with physical courage make a sacrifice every time they choose to exhibit this type of courage. They put their bodies at risk for the sake of others. For instance, in case of a fire fighters walk into burning buildings to try to save lives of people they do not even know. They risk injuries or even death and to do so they must have physical courage otherwise they would fear putting themselves at risk for others. Another instance that demonstrates physical courage in the recent time is the efforts of the workers in Japan’s Fukushima nuclear plant who have been working to stop the emission of radioactive fumes. They have put their lives at risk and some may even die due to the effects of the radioactive fumes but they had the physical courage to stay and stop the leak after the area and been evacuated. Other instances of courage are exhibited by ordinary people everyday such as when a father or mother takes a risk for the sake of protecting their children. Social courage To make meaningful intimacy one requires social courage. It enables one to put one’s self out there in order to create relationships with other people. Developing relationships calls for an investment of a person’s time and emotions. The investment may not pay off and so a person must be willing to take the risk of failing and encountering rejection. When a person lacks social courage, they can become loners and feel very isolated. Thus, one must be willing to overcome fear and interact with other people even those that are often neglected by others because they are seen to be different. A person must also be willing to be tolerant of other people because people come from different backgrounds and have different beliefs and mannerisms. Moreover, an individual must have the social courage to accommodate others and make their lives easier because everyone has the need of the sense of belonging. Social courage also helps parents who have children with disabilities take care of them without shame of being ridiculed in the society. They accept their children’s condition and do not hide them from the public. In so doing they bring up children who are not ashamed of their disabilities and they can have the courage to integrate in the society and lead meaningful lives. Such parents are only able to accept such children because they have social courage. Moral courage Moral courage helps a person to say
Introduction As a rule, the internal structure of the poem coincides with the external form; in this case, the poem seems to be well-structured. However, some poems can have an internal structure that is different from its external form; in this case, there appears a specific effect when a reader is kept in suspense till the end of the poem. In this respect, two poems need thorough consideration, Sonrisas by Pat Mora and The Victims by Sharon Olds. Pat Mora, Sonrisas Sonrisas by Pat Mora is a poem that expresses the two-side life of the speaker. The internal structure and the external form of this very poem are connected with the help of the context; at the same time, the external form facilitates the understanding of the contrast between two worlds. This person, whose thoughts are expressed in the poem, does not live in a doorway between two rooms; this allegory is used to describe the two worlds of two different rooms. It seems that there is only one room, but the attitude and behavior of people in this room can be divided into two parts. The first part of the poem corresponds to the modern society of women where budgets, tenure, and beige suits are an integral part of their life; the atmosphere is silent and, perhaps, strained. It may seem that the onomatopoeia “click, click” is used to show the silence of the first room and the fact that even the ticking of a clock can be heard in the ‘cold air’ of the room. However, this stylistic device can be a symbolic expression of a routine life which became a distinctive feature of modern society. In the second room as opposed to the first one; the first aspect which tells the reader about some changes in the tone of the poem is the external form. As the