ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Indiana is the first novel written by Amantine Aurore Dupin under the pseudonym George Sand and published in 1832. The author is particularly known for her rustic novels addressing several significant themes typical for nineteenth-century novelistic issues. In her novel about love and marriage, Sand raises a variety of central themes of that time society, including the line of slavery both from the protagonist’s perspective and the French colonial slavery. The central themes are revealed under the masterful combination of “conventions of romanticism, realism, and idealism” (Pollard 2). Moreover, considering that the main events are set partly in the French colony of Réunion, Sand managed to embody descriptions of the colony based on the travel writing of her friend Jules Néraud. With a particular focus on the metaphoric portrayal of the French wives’ slavery, Sand raises the critical questions of colonial slavery in terms of the national colonial history. Therefore, this essay aims to examine the issues of female enslavement through the historical context of one of the greatest slave-trading and slave-owning nations at that time. The Analysis of the Protagonists First, it is crucial to analyze the main character of the novel to better understand all the topics emanating from the protagonist’s vision and time of living. Indiana embodies a “weak heroine” who is passed from the control of one man, her father, to another man, her husband, throughout her life (Pollard 2). Even though Indiana holds the belief that women do not belong to men and should be allowed to live independently, she still relies on a man to save her from her marriage. However, he later involves her in another controlling relationship. Within her literature oeuvre, Sand embodies the variety of female characters in her novels that are all united by being inspired to a certain degree by the experience of the writer herself. Most importantly, it was a typical nineteenth-century environment for female writers who suffered under the patriarchy. George Sand created a female character who is prohibited from being a revolutionary because she is too suppressed ever to have the ability to share her boundary-breaking values. There is a strong parallel between the protagonist and the writer herself, including the unhappy marriages, desire for freedom, and separation. Sand’s personal experience influenced the writing of the novel as she penned Indiana’s onerous journey out of the married life. Sand let her female character possess many attributes typical for “Romantic heroine,” although Indiana’s vulnerability demonstrates that women were not allowed to be heroes due to “female enslavement in the Romantic tradition and reality” (Pollard 21). Indiana is portrayed as a disempowered female by t
Introduction The model of climate on Earth is similar to that of a greenhouse. Therefore, the tremendous variety of fossil fuels produced and released by humanity on a daily basis is called greenhouse gases. All the chemical evaporations, carbon dioxide, and other substances adversely impact the planet and its ecology. The following paper will suggest some methods that are intended to control their presence in the atmosphere. Driving Ecologically The first method that will reduce the amount of burned fossil fuels and other toxic evaporations in the air is making the process of driving less polluting. To begin with, it would be proper not to drive at all if it is possible. Some people do not need their own transport. Instead, they can use public buses, planes, or other means to travel to different cities or abroad (Qiao, Li, & Yu, 2017). However, if the use of a car is imminent, it would be smart to drive it ecologically, which implies the avoidance of enormous fuel wastes. Some drivers who own small or low-powered automobiles have to use them only when it becomes urgent. In turn, individuals with trucks, SUVs, buses, and other large means of transport must consider changing them for something more economical and ecological (Qiao et al., 2017). It appears that many citizens of developed countries buy new electric cars and scooters. The impact they make on ecology is not dependant on their sizes. Therefore, this is the best decision for people living in the 21st century when they need to purchase an automobile. Implementing the Three “R” Method The three “R” method (reduce, reuse, and recycle) is known by every child in the modern world. Whenever people buy their products for daily consumption, they must choose from the ones that have less packaging. The garbage that consists predominately of plastic materials is burned or thrown out in the ocean nowadays. Hence another dose of carbon dioxide is released into the air and water (Tan, 2014). To prevent this waste, it is necessary to buy only ecological products that can be utilized, reused, or recycled in the future. Not only this will help to control greenhouse gases, but it also will be beneficial for families that want to make the world less polluted. It is estimated that by following the given suggestion, one person can avoid producing approximately 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide every year (Tan, 2014). Although this number does not seem to be si
Introduction Two of America’s greatest writers, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Ralph Waldo Emerson, were profoundly influenced by the religious attitudes of their time. Puritanism still held strong sway for both writers, having a strong impact on the way they saw their world and what they chose to write about. Emerson was able to escape some of the Puritan ideals as he experienced firsthand the development of Unitarianism and helped develop the concepts of Transcendentalism, but Hawthorne seemed trapped within the Puritanical mindset. For both writers, nature and science held profound significance for the human soul, often using these as analogies for their views on the afterlife or the state of God himself. This can be seen through Hawthorne’s short stories “Young Goodman Brown” and “The Birthmark” as they are compared with Emerson’s Nature. Main body As Young Goodman Brown sets off on his dark journey, his young wife Faith implores him not to go, sensing some kind of immediate peril. Although Hawthorne presents a story in which a man is simply taking a walk through the woods at night, he is creating a strong analogy between the natural environment and the hazards of the Puritan faith. The emphasis on young here indicates the journey Goodman Brown is proposing to undertake is a journey to find the necessary conversion experience deemed important in the Puritan religion of Hawthorne’s time. As a newly married man, it would be among Goodman Brown’s chief concerns to establish himself as a member of the community and take his proper role as the head of a household by undergoing this journey. Yet, the fear expressed by Faith indicates there is a hidden peril in undertaking such a journey. Her warning, “may you find all well when you come back” (293), seems to indicate the peril does not apply strictly to Goodman Brown as he sets off on his journey, but for Faith as well in being left behind, alone in the darkness. The sense of foreboding in testing his own faith/Faith is further emphasized as Goodman Brown enters the forest “on his present evil purpose. He had taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through, and closed immediately behind” (294). In this solitary journey, Hawthorne indicates that the doctrine of purposefully seeking challenges to faith already weakened by church dictates is a highly dangerous proposition with the capability of leading many men and women to their dooms rather than their salvation. The people that Young Goodman Brown sees and hears as he makes his way to the heart of the forest further illustrate the concept that the human soul is beyond redemption, regardless of their good works performed in the light of day. First, he is told of the acquaintance his father and grandfather have had with the wily fellow met in the woods as well as given reason to doubt the goodness of the men and women Young Goodman Brown looks up to in his village life. Then the two men come
In the talk at Stanford University, Steve Ballmer, Microsoft CEO, shares his professional experience and his expert ideas on entrepreneurship. For over thirty years, Microsoft was one of the leaders in forming the physical world, mode of life, and worldviews by introducing new technology and promoting innovative devices which nowadays are integrated into the daily life of billions of people. The talk reveals that the most important aspects of success in business and bringing positive change to the world are high-quality ideas, patience, skills, innovation, and business thinking. A good idea is the basis of business performance – it gives inspiration and can influence the development of any industry. In the talk, it was mentioned that even in the worst environmental conditions, it is possible to start an enterprise but the quality of the idea is the decisive factor for the attraction of investments and organizational longevity. Ballmer says that although the severe economic context is the reason for “a more critical screen” and a more cautious economic behavior of consumers, it provides good opportunities to make the world and people better (Ballmer 2). Excellent ideas are always in demand, and an entrepreneur should not be concerned with mere profitability but should consider the quality of his/her intentions. A good idea nurtures the inspiration of entrepreneurs, and it also inspires others: investors, potential business partners, communities, and individuals. Thus, the generation of an idea that is worth actualization is the initial and the most crucial phase.
Introduction Over several years, organizations never realized the importance of implementing project management in the running of business operations (Fewings 2005). As such, the project management approach existed as an option for companies that wanted to practice the approach. However, the recent sophistication in business processes forced organizations to implement the approach, which would allow them compete favorably. Currently, the project management approach is inevitable, and several organizations are hungry for the services of project managers (Fewings 2005). In this paper, therefore, the author discusses the skills and qualities that project managers should possess so as to enable successful project implementation. Essential Qualities and Skills of Project Managers Project managers should also have excellent skills and qualities that will allow for a smooth integration with employees, as well as get a significant level of respect (Lock 2007). Such skills are categorized into four groups namely; personal qualities, communication skills, management skills, and relationship qualities as shown in the following table. Table 1: Matrix: Essential Qualities and Skills for Successful Project Managers.                                     Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Explanation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Self Motivation – It is
Introduction Homework tasks can be very vital in helping schools develop among other things, their students in becoming independent learners. Independent learning allows students to acquire knowledge on their own, to consequently become useful members of the society. Home work task learning focuses on making the learners able enough to conduct learning on their own in the future. This system should be highly encouraged as it ensures a continuous pursuit of knowledge by all (St. Katherine’s school, 2010). Learning as a process of acquiring knowledge According to Linsdea (2010), learning distances people from ignorance by enabling them acquire knowledge without external guidance. An example of external guidance is from teachers who educate and pass knowledge to the students. Cobb perceives learning as a lifelong process that transforms experiences , skills as well as information. Lindsea defines learning as the process in which people consciously takes their self farther away from ignorance. Ignorance to her is the lack of knowledge, the inability to understand somet
In the book, Natural- Born Cyborgs , Clark (1) argues that human beings are natural-beings cyborgs. Although we may not be wired, nonetheless, our reasoning and thinking systems, aided by our biological circuitry and biological brain make us human-technology symbionts. The author further argues that the idea that human being may in fact be cyborgs first dawned on the author five years ago. Oddly enough, the realization was reassuring, as opposed to painful. This is because the realization answered such questions as why we differ significantly from other animals, even as our bodily and neural resources may not be different. The cyborg, a potent late twentieth century icon, elicits images of physical merging of electronic circuitry and flesh, and human machine hybrids. By writing the article, the author intended to hijack and reshape that image so that it can portray our hidden biological nature. As human beings, we are open to information processing mergers, a trait that enables us to complex and deep relationships props, constructs, and aids. The author further argues that because our brains have been primed to lookout for and process intimate relationships with nonbiological resources, this portrays us as intelligent creatures capable of processing abstract thoughts. This is because as natural born cryborgs, we are constantly ready to integrate the operations of paper, pen, and electronics with our mental activities. Consequently, this allows us to better understand the world. As human beings, we have a special character to co-opt, exploit scaffoldings and nonbiological propos, and are forever driven to create. Mother Nature has designed us in such as to unite with the best and most reliable tools at our disposal. Clark (4) argues that the line between the technological world and biological self has never been very firm. There is a unique characteristic of natural-born cyborgs, in that they are always ready to merge their activities with the increasingly intricate technological envelops where they evolve, grow, and operate. There are various technologies that appear to shape every action of our waking lives. They include the electronic alarm clock, the Automatic Braking System, and the laptop. We tend to assume that these technologies help our biological brains to accomplish the task at hand. We carry with us Ancient Western prejudice and these often distracts us from realizing our increasingly cyborg nature. In this case, we are more inclined to view the mind as very special to the extent that it stands out of the natural order. As human beings, we harbor an illusion that the complex mechanism of self and mind can only be solved using the strategies supported by the old school of thought. In writing this article, the authors intends to water down this illusion, and demonstrate that the problem-solving mechanism may in fact be made up of a complex-matrix consisting of the body, brain, and technology. There are various technologies that appear to shape nearly every action of our waking lives. They include the electronic alarm clock, the A
The case study centers on human resource management policies. The research focuses on the problems of the case. The research includes providing solutions to eradicate the two major problems. The solutions will favorably reduce the company’s employee turnover rate. In terms of the case study overview’s background facts that affect the current problems, the company’s turnover rate is high. The employees are disgruntled with the employees’ financial and job security future. There is no section that focuses on the development of the current and future employees. Many of the top caliber employees are transferring to the competitors. The employees’ disgruntlement is grounded by the company’s not caring for the good employees of the company. The company’s employee turnover rate stood at 30 percent. The employee turnover rate was the same during the past three years. In terms of the constraints or obstacles of the above situation, there are many constraints or obstacles to reducing the company’s employee turnover rate. The obstacles are grounded on management’s use of practical reasons as basis for their unfavorable employment policies (Morrison, 1991, p. 1). First, the company refused to institute a plan that ensures the company’s promotion possibilities do not reach a dead end. The average employee will do one’s best to surpass job benchmarks. In turn, the hardworking employee expects some reward from management. The reward may include bonuses for exemplary job performance. Another reward is a salary increase. Third reward is giving the employee citations or plaques for his overzealous job performance. The management officers were too busy focusing on resolving the current financial crisis, forgetting the employees’ economic welfare. The economic crisis forced the company to set aside employee job enhancement plans. The company’s tight cash position prevents allocating funds for the enhancement of the company’s current employee benefits. The benefits include increasing the employees’ salaries and wages. In terms of identifying the problem and the related symptoms, the problem is the improvement of the company’s employment image. There are several symptoms of the problem. In terms of the first problem, the company’s employee turnover rate averages an unfavorably high rate (30 percent). The company’s hiring a new human resource manager indicates there is a serious employee turnover problem. The employees’ dead end concept of the company indicates the company has an urgent problem. Helen’s own person conviction indicates that she is not happy with the current human resource management policies. In terms of the second problem, some management officers are preventing the enhancement of the employee retention program. In the case study, Helen Morgan mentioned that the company’s board of directors, especially Harry James, hinders the promotion of many qualified company employees. Harry James insists on retaining the better employees under his wings. By doing so, Harry James does not need
Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) is a giant union federation in South Africa established in 1985 (Sparks 1994, p.10). It started with a membership of about 460, 000 workers but had increased to about 1.15 million by 1994 (Sparks 1994, p.11). Previously, its predecessors concentrated on pushing for better wages and improving working conditions declining to be affiliated with any political movements. After the inception of COSATU, however, unions started engaging in the national political struggle under the leadership of ANC. Unlike its antecedent, COSATU supported the politicization of activities of the trade unions and collaboration between unions and the United Democratic Front (UDF) (Sparks 1994, p.30). In the first decade since its inception, COSATU concentrated on political strategies targeted at improving the representation of the interests of black workers. When political consultations over South Africa’s future started to collapse in 1992, COSATU coordinated mass action through stay-aways, stoppages and marches to back ANC’s bargaining power. In 1994, during the national and provincial parliamentary elections, when ANC published the lists of candidates for various posts, it included 70 leaders of COSATU (Marx, 1992, p. 76). In return to the crucial role COSATU had played in boosting support for the electoral policies, the government was widely expected to institute labour friendly reforms. Although COSATU concentrated on political strategies, it was in a bid to help boost the representation of black workers. Undoubtedly, since its establishment, COSATU has been the strongest union federation in terms of membership. In many respects, it has also been the most important civil organization tout court. Its overall action and accomplishments in the representation of the interests of black workers from 1985 to 1994 and beyond has been hugely successful. COSATU succeeded in enhancing the working conditions and rights of employees such as maternity leave. It also secured better wages, job security and severance compensation for employees who were terminated from employment (Brits 2005, p.50). These achievements and interactions that transformed the apartheid system would not have been achieved without the political strategies. Political strategies were necessary to create an appropriate environment for transition and no practical transformations would be realized had such strong strategic political strategies between COSATU and political parties not existed. The political strategies adopted by COSATU were necessary for a smooth transition to democracy and reconstruction in a context of d
Introduction Civil War was won through strategy and tactics as well as the use of military technology. However, there were differences in all of those aspects within the Union army. This makes it paramount to review the approaches to the war of two major war generals such as Gant and McClellan and comment on the use of technology on and off the battlefield. General Grant’s Approach Grant mostly acted aggressively, yet showed tactical thought as needed. Grant knew he had an advantage over Lee’s number of troops and his aggression was partly justified by that. He simply used this to his advantage. In addition, Gant understood the significance of total, all-year-round war. He pressed his advantage, knowing that casualties at all times are capable of breaking the will of the opponent setting the tempo he wanted. It was all strategic decisions that lead to his conquering the west against a poorly-equipped, fed, and clothed opponent. Given the above, Grant can be regarded as more of a strategist than a tactician. Yet, before battle, he always put his troops in advantaged positions. The Potomac battle was an example of his tactical knowledge. Confidence and control over fear were the character traits that assisted him in leading the troops in battle knowing that the Confederate morale is likely to crumble. General McClellan’s Approach Another talented person, whose actions led the Union to victory, is George B. McClellan. The general was also a strategist who understood the meaning of initiative and morale. These two notions became his primary drive for the whole Virginia campaign. Despite certain mismanagement in the higher ranks and Lincoln’s interference, McClellan continued in accordance with his long-nurtured plan. He was certain that well-planned and organized multi-operational attacks in quick succession are able to break down the opponent. However, McClellan’s plans