ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Overview of the Company Macy retailer is a fashion company based in the United States and offers products such as clothes, shoes, accessories, cookingware, and colognes to its customers. Currently, the company is under the ownership of Macy’s Multinational Corporation that owns the parent division and Bloomingdale’s. Some of the current brands that the company offers include Alfani that satisfies the needs of working individuals, including women, who love designs that they can wear after work to late in the evening. Another label line is the American Rag, which targets the individuals in a society such as young men, who like authentic and comfortable products. Beligue is a stainless product line designed to improve cooking experience because it facilitates high quality cooking. The company operates in over 793 locations in the United States and has about 300 stores used in product distribution. In this view, expedition boots a new product that the study plans to introduce into the company and expand current shoe line that deals with trendy shoes. Therefore, it is against this background that the study assesses the viability of a new private label, expedition boots, with a view of expanding Macys’ label line and increasing its revenues. Expedition Boots To enable the company to expand its variety of shoes, the study aims to introduce a new line of boots, specifically designed for expeditions. The boots will focus on the segment of consumers, who love tourism products such as expeditions, and thus, the design will invite considerations from this segment of consumers. According to Varadarajan, before embarking on the mission of developing the product, the company has to execute an intensive customer survey using channels like focus groups, opinion leaders, and consumer correspondence (126). Through the channels, the company will be able to design boots that meet the expectations of the potential clients. According to Blythe, market research is very important in the achievement of customer expectations and improvement of company growth (28). Fundamentally, effective design and implementation of success strategies help the company to increase the sales volume of the boots and boost its revenues. Promotion, effective pricing, and marketing will be instrumental in increasing customer awareness and persuading them to purchase the products from the company. Action Points Pricing The label brand of boots that the company already has developed is very practical and matches client needs and desires. The ability of already existing shoes to match client expectation implies that the new products cannot underscore the importance
Introduction Citizens in virtually all countries depend on the media to access information concerning a crime. Critics of the media believe that journalists often exaggerate the levels of crime. However, supporters of the media believe that journalists play an integral role in the fight against crime. This paper will discuss the effect of the media on the relationship between the criminal justice system and the community. It will focus on crime policies and awareness. The influence of the media on the community’s perception of the effectiveness of police, courts, and correctional facilities will also be discussed. Crime Awareness The media has a great influence on crime awareness at the community level (Fox, Sickel, and Steiger 9-15). In the last five decades, the number of journalists who specialize in crime issues increased significantly. High profile or extremely violent crime cases tend to be the priority of news reports. This has always created the impression that the level of crime is much higher than indicated in official statistics. Overemphasizing some types of crime negatively affects the relationship between law enforcement officers and the community by creating the perception that the former has failed to protect the public. The media can also improve the relationship between the community and law enforcement officers by participating in crime prevention. Journalists may uncover overlooked crimes such as domestic violence (Kinlay 71-83). Moreover, they can provide vital information to the public concerning self-protection through reality shows, social media, and movies. This includes encouraging the community to report a crime (Fox, Sickel, and Steiger 25-30). By providing information concerning crime issues, the media can improve transparency and accountability in the criminal justice system. As a result, the level of crime is likely to reduce, thereby improving the relationship between the community and the criminal justice system. Crime Prevention Policies Media content is always determined by economic and marketing objectives that regularly supersede traditional journalistic procedures for determining newsworthiness. Newspapers, TV, and radio stations normally adjust stories or news about crime and violence to satisfy the perceived public demand and advertising objectives (Beale 397-476). The rationale of this strategy is that emphasizing crime stories is a cost-effective method that media companies use to attract public attention to increase their market share. Market-driven news is capable of skewing public opinion concerning the effectiveness of the laws that have been enacted to prevent crime. It allows the media to use crime as an important criterion for evaluating political leaders. Exaggerated media reports increase public concern about crime and violence by making people believe that they are vulnerable to criminal activities (Kinlay 71-83). This has led to the adoption of punitive crime prevention policies. These include long sentence
As this report consists of an innovation in technology, the invention that has been chosen for this paper is Nintendo Gameboy. The report would include a brief summary of the invention, the concept behind it, the need for that technological advancement, the possible hurdles that came in between the innovation process. Nintendo is considered among the leaders in the videogame console makers. Generally known as Nintendo entertainment system (NES) it was introduced in the year of 1985 and ever since it has been given a stiff competition to its rivals like SEGA, Sony’s PlayStation and Microsoft’s Xbox. Nintendo has sold up to 1 billion games of various types including Nintendo 64 and Gameboy. Super Mario Bros is considered as Nintendo’s best selling game ever with an estimated 60 million units sold. After the tremendous success of Nintendo’s handheld game the original game boy was launched in the late 1988. Game boy was the very first product in the market of portable games and it opened a new way for other companies to try their luck in portable games market. The various reasons of game boy’s success included its 160×144 pixel screen, stereo sound and game link feature (Console Information). Apart from that its lighter weight, long lasting battery and cheap price were also points of success for game boy. Besides that there have been several technological advancements in game boy. Nintendo has made lots of variation in the original game boy this includes the Game boy pocket which is 30% smaller than the original game boy with equal size screen, the Game boy color it was a colored version of the Game boy and the Game boy advance. As per research Nintendo has been the pioneer in the gaming industry with its various products. From the original big screen game boy to the most advance Nintendo DS, they have been settling with the market trends and have successfully adopted the technological changes in the industry (Steinberg, 2005). If we compare the very first Gameboy with the Nintendo DS, the innovation that Nintendo has made throughout these years could be judged very well. They have made their presence felt in the market with the swift changes to their gaming machinery an example of that could be seen if we compare the original game boy and the Nintendo DS. If we remember the Original game boy consist of a single screen which was large and without colors but with the passage of time some new features are added in the game boy such as the game boy advance and the game boy color which includes an improved resolution and color display but if compared to Nintendo DS it’s still far behind. The Nintendo DS is skilled to support the 3D graphics with a bottom touch screen which improves the synergy to play the game. If we see Nintendo has been actively participative in the market by launching its products from time to time. The Recently launched
Because of cultural varieties, conducting business on a multi-national level becomes an extraordinary endeavour to achieve profit through finding mutual understanding. According to Geert Hofstede, a Dutch researcher specialising in both management and psychology, the culture of the people who are doing business affects the drafted deal directly (“Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory,” n.d.). It is necessary to understand cultural differences and similarities as proposed by the cultural dimensions theory, which aims to facilitate business practices, to analyse Hofstede’s work critically through real-life business examples. Countries do not need to be disconnected geographically or historically for their cultures to be different. America and the UK have differences regarding goal setting, earning 26 and 51 points respectively, while Canada and Australia agree on how close power-holders should be to society, with 39 and 36 points (“Country comparison,” n.d.). This concept of power distance is similar for all four countries, just like the concept of indulgence: 71 points for Australia, 68 for Canada, 69 for the UK, and 68 for the United States (“Country comparison,” n.d.). Ranking them from lowest to highest by a predisposition to being comfortable when faced with uncertainty results in a list started by the UK (35), followed by the US (46), Canada (48), and Australia (51) (“Country comparison,” n.d.). Additionally, the masculinity scores of the UK (66), the US (62), and Australia (61) are opposed by Canada’s femininity (52) (“Country comparison,” n.d.). Similar ratings should mean that British and American businesspeople should not perceive each other differently, which, however, is not true. Understanding these metrics could be simple if one is open to the idea of a scale deciding the cultural face of each country. Thus, Hofstede’s theory bases itself on four dichotomies and two indexes that reflect the culture of each country (Browaeys & Price, 2015). Indices of Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance, collectivism vs individualism, femininity vs masculinity, short-term vs long-term orientation, and restraint vs indulgence are Hofstede’s conceptions, which rank countries from zero to one hundred (“Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory,” n.d.). These metrics indicate that, overall, “the USA can have a tough time while working with… Mexico, Russia or Pakistan,” without, however, analysing situational non-cultural influences (Khan & Panarina, 2017, p. 18). Additionally, Hofstede’s theory does not take into account the personal factor, outlining people as propagators that exist in a homogenous culture (Touburg, 2016). Thus, applying Hofstede’s work to British American Tobacco’s (BAT) Brazilian-born CEO, Nicandro Durante, could lead to delineating culture clash, not the whole tobacco sector’s decline, as causing the company’s current shortcomings. While Hofstede’s theory may present a rough outline of a country’s overall culture, living people may be more than the product of their surroundings. Using BAT as one example of a multinational company, independent of one single country’s cultural structure allows a
Introduction The health sector throughout the world is in a process of transformation and restructuring. Citizens have the right to quality health services and the government is expected to be the facilitator in the discharge of such services. However, excluding few developed countries, governments of most of the countries are seen failing to manage or provide the requisite health services to the citizens owing to budgetary constraints and cost escalations ( UNCTD, 1997 ). This reduction in government spending and health insurance coverage in a way created scopes for international trade in health services. Many countries are now trying to take advantage of the new trade opportunities in the health sector. This motivated entry of private players in the international health business and this, in turn, saw a reduction in entry barriers and implementation of various agreements like the GATS, TRIPS, etc. This chapter presents the current scenario of the global health trade with a particular focus on the role of foreign private clinics. The Private Sector in Health Care Services Over the past two decades, the private health sector has grown and played an increasingly important role in the financing and delivery of healthcare services. However, information about the private health sector is limited and there has been a little systematic collection of data on the private health sector ( Marzolf, 2002 ). The difference between the public and private provision of healthcare services and products in Indonesia is not so clear. The majority of healthcare professionals engage in the delivery of both public and private services. Some public facilities have been used to deliver private or international services and some state-owned enterprises are incorporated as private firms even though the sole shareholder is the government. Almost in all less developed and developing countries, the private sector is the most likely source of growth of health care, yet policy remains largely focused on the public system. The under-funded public system is stretched thin; the private health sector is not filling the gap, and neither system works all that well. It is estimated that huge funds would be required to refurbish, renovate, and reequip the public health system in such countries and as such private involvements are encouraged. Many countries further made commitments to target available funds to curative treatment for the poor and on “public goods”. The transition from focusing on infectious diseases to an emphasis on chronic illnesses associated with an aging population calls for a significantly different profile of facilities, treatments, and personnel. Current allocations for public health care are insufficient to implement this strategy. This transition, combined with population growth and aging of the population would require huge expenses in healthcare investment over the next 15 years to provide minimally adequate services to the population.
Introduction Architecture is seen today as an important part of the International Modern style of buildings. It is recognized through the flat roofs and large areas of glazing. Comparing postmodern architecture to the international modern style of architecture would require the determination of important details to better understand the two. Post-modern architecture is generally viewed as a style taken from the 1950s and constantly evolves up to the contemporary world of architecture. It depicts wit, ornament, and reference to architecture to deal with the International Style of Modernism (Klotz, 1998). For many cultural movements, postmodernism is largely visible in the form of architectural designs. The elements of architectural designs are influenced by the new ways of looking into the familiar styles and spaces that abound. The standard examples of modern architecture are those masterpieces such as the Seagram building and the works of Le Corbusier. A transitional example of postmodern architecture is the Sony Building made by Philip Johnson that is originally based on the past architectural elements and defines a new style through the application of color and symbolisms (Hitchcock & Johnson (1997). In addition, postmodern architecture has been referred to as neo-eclectic were in the reference and pattern has returned to the pretense that substitutes the plain styles in the present era. This kind of eclecticism is usually combined with the use of non-orthogonal angles and atypical surfaces such as the State Gallery of Stuttgart and the Piazza d’Italia made by Charles Williard Moore (Jarzombek, 1999). Architects in modern times treat postmodern buildings as blatant and chaotic in some forms. The postmodern architects usually thought of the modern spaces as inexpressive and ordinary. The differences in opinions cater to various perspectives and goals. How modernism differs from postmodernism is that modernism originated in less and real utilization of the materials like the dearth of designs while postmodernism is a negative response of strict rules that are set
Introduction Organisational behaviour (OB) is a discipline that addresses human characters within a given organisation and tries to comprehend, explicate, and improve the personal behaviours including its organisation (Miller 2005). In the OB, there are two possible outcomes common to most organisations which are the performance of the employee in his or her work and the organisational commitment (Sheth 2006). The results imply that the individual employee will have to perform in the job or be relieved of his or her duties in the company. The two models are influenced by the individual’s job satisfaction, the motivation he or she gets from the colleagues, the decision-making process, stress in the job, job ethics and the trust and justice among the employees (Welsch 2012). The case study is based on Julie’s and her workmate’s experience in Asacura international company. The Team Situation and Team Processes A fresh graduate named Julie gets the job where she is assigned to work on several projects. She is introduced to a team of five members who have much experience in undertaking projects. The team seems to be faced with two sets of characters. Some claim to have experience in organization of events (Harry’s team) whereas others fell suited to offer the best options for the events’ success (exemplified by Julie). With the diverse feelings and experience between team members, the team’s activities are subject to be influenced by Harry, who claims to have control over the other team members. The threat that Harry instils on other members and the networks that he purports is an indication of his influential role in the team. The fear and pressure that Harry imposes on Julie and Enrique puts the team in a situation where running and decisions-making are influenced by him. The conflict impacts various processes in the organisation of events. Therefore, the two models in OB are evident in Julie’s new project work and the roles she has been assigned. She is faced with two situations to perform in her job and thus satisfy her employer’s expectations. Otherwise, she might become a victim of failure if she accepts Harry’s threats (Mc Shane, Olekalns & Travaglione 2012). The team is given a task to organ
Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) is considered a disorder related to autism spectrum psychological problems. Critics (Safran 2001; Dissanayake, 2004) admit that there is some evidence that mild forms of AS may be expressed in a way that might be described more as a personality style. Such cases may be so mild that a diagnosis of AS is not warranted. Such children are socially immature and loners, but do not have the eccentricities that characterize individuals with AS. As school-age children, such individuals may have seemed quite normal around adults, but different from other children in the context of a peer group. Definition of Asperger’s Syndrome Asperger’s Syndrome is so named because it was first described in 1944 by Hans Asperger, a Viennese pediatrician interested in finding ways to treat children with learning and emotional problems. Although he first published his work in 1944, and Kanner published his original account of autism in 1943, the two were unaware of each other’s work (Barnhill 2001). Various labels exist for a child with many or few symptoms of autism, or with severe or mild forms of autism. Following Barnhill (2001): “Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a developmental disability that is defined by impairments in social relationships and verbal and nonverbal communication and by restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities” (p. 259). Asperger’s Syndrome is a developmental disorder that affects many aspects of how a child sees the world and learns from his or her experiences. Children with AS lack the usual desire for social contact. The attention and approval of others are not important to them in the usual way. Autism is not an absolute lack of desire for affiliation, but a relative one Asperger’s Syndrome may affect boys as much as ten times more often than girls. Barnhill and Myles (2001) propose several definitions of Asperger’s syndrome: “According to Attwood, “People with Asperger syndrome perceive the world differently from everyone else” (p. 9). Tantam (1991) asserted that Asperger syndrome is a highly disabling condition that may cause the greatest disability in adolescence and young adulthood, when social relationships are the key to almost every achievement” (cited Barnhill and Myles 2001, p. 175). Asperger’s syndrome is said to include autistic psychopathy and schizoid disorder of childhood but is classified separately from schizotypal disorder (Mayes et al 2001). “The DSM-IV [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV] definition of Asperger’s disorder was similar to that proposed by authors preceding the DSM-IV in that social impairment and restricted and repetitive behavior and interests were both diagnostic criteria” (Mayes et al 2001, p. 263). In ICD-10, the term Asperger’s syndrome’ is clearly intended to cover the condition Asperger described (autistic psychopathy of childhood) and the syndrome: a schizoid personality of childhood. However, the implication is that schizoid disorder of childh