ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The matrix structure is a management technique which diverts from the conventional manner of managing talent in the workplace. Often, the concept is applied throughout the organization, but there are cases where only part of the organization can be managed in this manner (Ford, 1992, p. 1). What is unique about the matrix concept is that, there are several reporting channels to the top management, as opposed to the conventional one channel of reporting. In the past, many organizations were known to dissect employee talent according to employee product association or functional levels. However, the matrix structure combines the two platforms to create a dual reporting system. The matrix technique therefore works by integrating cross-functional work teams in the sense that, employees now report to various sections of a company’s top managerial team (Kuprenas, 2003, p. 52). The entire concept of matrix management was derived from a diagrammatic form of organizational management where there is a grid of functions and product groups bound to be accomplished by selected employee groups (Samson and Daft, 2009). The matrix concept is normally adopted where there are sophisticated products to be developed and the input of various departments ought to be incorporated to make the project a success. However, there
Introduction The relevance of surveillance in the fight against crime has remained a controversial topic over the past decade. According to Espejo, L’Huillier, and Weber (2016), the United Kingdom has over 4.2 million closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras spread across the country, especially in major urban centers to help law enforcement and intelligence agencies monitor and fight crime in the society. It means that there is one CCTV for every 14 people in the country. The emergence of the surveillance society is motivated by the desire to have a crime-free society. The proponents of this approach of fighting crime believe that the fact that people are aware that their actions are under surveillance deter them from committing a crime. It also simplifies the work of police law enforcement agencies when investigating criminal activities in the country. However, some studies have refuted the claim that greater surveillance can reduce crime in society. According to Nellis (2014), greater surveillance only succeeds in breaching the privacy of innocent citizens without having any meaningful impact on fighting security, especially among those who are fully aware of its existence. The purpose of this essay is to discuss whether greater surveillance is a desirable answer to the problem of crime in society. Discussion The United Kingdom’s national government spends millions of pounds to install and replace CCTV cameras in strategic places, especially along the streets and highways to help monitor criminal activities. The cost of having a fingerprint database, monitoring telephone calls, e-mails, posts, and social media messages is even greater than that needed to manage the surveillance cameras. A section of the society is strongly opposed to the idea of investing taxpayers’ money in greater surveillance because it is not having any meaningful impact on improving security (McCahill 2014). On the other hand, some people believe that any attempt to limit surveillance can cripple law enforcement and intelligence agencies. The opponents and proponents of surveillance have valid issues that they raise to support their arguments. It is necessary to review the two sides of an argument before concluding as to whether greater surveillance is desirable in fighting crime. Proponents of Greater Surveillance According to Granick (2017), one of the fundamental responsibilities of the national government is to ensure that residents of the United Kingdom are safe from any criminal or terror activities. The law enforcement agencies (the territorial police service, the national law enforcement agencies, and the miscellaneous police service) working closely with intelligence agencies have the responsibility of enhancing the security and safety of people and property in the country (Jeffreys-Jones 2017). When dealing with issues of security, these agencies cannot afford to be reactionary in their response. Reacting when properties or lives are already lost is not a strategy that the government can embrace. Threats to security should be dealt with before they can affect soc
Introduction   * Empire is a United Arab Emirates (UAE) – based technology company that started its operations in 2011.   * The company designs, develops and sells consumer electronics products, such as mobile phones and televisions.   * It also offers networking solutions to small tech-based companies in the UAE and some parts of the Middle East.   * Empire is four years old.   * The company’s short-term plan is to have a market presence in selected South-East Asian countries, such as South Korea and Vietnam.   * Its long-term plan is to have overseas operations in Eastern Europe.   * Empire Technology Solutions has grown to be the UAE’s largest technology company, by revenue and assets. It is also among the UAE’s largest publicly traded technology companies. This presentation is a strategic evaluation of Empire Technology Solutions. It uses two strategic evaluation tools to identify and solve problems facing the company. These tools are important in evaluating the company’s internal and external environments. Affected Stakeholders   * Customers;   * Suppliers;   * Employees;   * The community from which the business draws its resources. Empire’s strategic plan affects different groups of stakeholders. Porter’s five-force and the SWOT analysis outlined in the next slide shows how these stakeholders affect the company’s strategic direction. SWOT Analysis   * Strengths;   * Weaknesses;   * Opportunities;   * Threats. A SWOT analysis is a tool for understanding a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. We will use this tool to evaluate the strategic performance of Empire Tech Company. This analysis would provide us with information that the company would use to maximize its growth by leveraging on its competencies. Strengths   * Strong brand image;   * High profit margins;   * Effective innovation strategy. Empire’s strong brand image stems from the company’s reputation for developing trusted technology products in the UAE. It allows the company to produce new products that would gain significant attention in the market, even during the first stages of product development, because of its trusted brand image. The company also has a flexible pricing strategy that allows it to cater to different market segments. For example, it gives room for the company to adjust its prices, depending on the market characteristics. Empire’s innovation is also another company strength, which stems from its growth strategy. The company’s rapid innovation helps it to keep abreast with the latest technology in the market. Weaknesses   * Limited Distribution network;   * Limited appeal to high-end markets. Empire’s exclusivity policy underlies the creation of a limited distribution network as the first weakness of the company. In line with this policy, the company has a strong evaluation criterion for approving its dealers. While this strategy could improve its control over its business segments, it minimizes its potential to increase its market outreach. Furthermore, beca
To grow and develop successfully, children should be provided with the opportunities to communicate and interact with their parents and other children in order to receive the necessary support and build their first relationships. Nevertheless, these factors can guarantee the effective development of a child only when they are presented in the combination with the other points significant for children’s everyday progress. From this point, the main task of a parent is to help a child use the opportunities of communication, interaction, play, reading, and music as well as to guarantee care and safety for a child as the critical aspects of the parental involvement in the process of upbringing. All the mentioned factors acquire the real meaning for children only when parents are actively involved in the process of children’s development and provide the necessary support. However, play, music, reading, touch, care, self-esteem, safety, interaction, communication, and relationships have the unequal meaning for children’s development during the first years of their life that is why parents are inclined to focus on the most important and factors and set definite priorities while interacting with their children and stimulating their development with references to the family engagement principles. The concentration on the elements which should be associated with the start of the children’s life is essential because each parent should choose the ideal combination of factors to provide a child with the harmonious environment for the successful development. It is important to note that all ten elements such as play, music, reading, touch, care, self-esteem, safety, interaction, communication, and relationships much be balanced in the program of the child’s individual development. The process of following all these factors depends on the character of relations within the family. Thus, the issue directly relates to the interaction of children and parents in families. The concept of family engagement is based on the idea that the comprehensive development of children is possible only with references to the active role of parents in the process. Thus, the parental involvement is essential to be discussed in relation to the factors which make the children’s life full and harmonious. The balanced combination of these factors in the family everyday relations is the guarantee of the children’s successful development. Focusing on the factors which contribute to children’s growth and development, a teacher in cooperation with parents can work out the effective program in which it is essential to determine those aspects that can be realized in the classroom environment. From this perspective, the focus on play, music, and reading can influence the children’s development and learning positively because the mentioned activities are the natural needs of children during their childhood period. Furthermore, teachers can support the development of children’s self-esteem and promote the social interactions between c
A masterpiece, “One for the Road” ended a painful period of writer’s block for Harold Pinter in a manner swift and strange and led to an explicitly political agenda of his subsequent plays, “Mountain Language” and “Ashes to Ashes”. This turn in his writing career took place immediately after a party in which Pinter met two “extremely attractive young and intelligent Turkish women” who were indifferent to the use of torture in their own country supposedly modern and civilized. Enraged at this blatant example of man’s inhumanity to man, he felt like strangling the two women, but instead took pen in hand and proceeded to write “One for the Road”, which strikes the critics as “a mesmerizing, terrifying, brilliantly controlled piece”, which distills the anger that inspired it. It is now regarded as “a flawless, richly resonant miniature masterpiece. Pinter’s subsequent plays, “Mountain Language” and “Ashes to Ashes” are described as “sketchy, paranoid and self-righteous”, although just as politically inspired as his masterpiece. A plus for Director Robin Lefebre’s production for Dublin’s Gate Theatre is that Harold Pinter himself stars in the leading role as a state interrogator of an oppressive unnamed region. This added attraction convinces his viewers that if he had not embarked on a writing career, he would have achieved equally great fame as an actor. He convinces his audience with the power of his wonderfully rich, resonant voice and a tremendous stage presence. Pinter portrays the character of Nicholas, a self-proclaimed civilized man who runs the sinister state institution where the action is set and tries to give his victims the impression that he is a nice chap who happens to be ruling the country. He has brought in a family of three for questioning, all the while remaining civilized and urbane as though talking to guests at a dinner party. The three family members are the husband Victor, his wife Gila, and their seven-year-old son, Nicky. Nicholas seems to occupy an important position in government – perhaps Head of the Secret Service or chief of Police – a high-ranking authority in a country where the army overrules democracy and where those adjudged enemies of the states are fated to suffer rape, torture, and death. In successi
The world of business projects constant struggle for a place under the sun in a very cruel way. It is seen in examples of branding and re-branding. Brands attack us with well-composed phrases of their supremacy within other competitors. People are lost with information about products they use. The aim which everyone follows is to get more benefits out of this or that product. That is why producing companies tend to use every possibility to assure the population of quality of their production. In this case people are not aware of the real information about different hazards which brands carry. First, there is a need to define the role of brands for companies and people sharing them. Brand is a “… name, term, or symbol designed to identify and differentiate the goods & services of a seller from all other sellers” (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2007) As usual, people tend to use those brands which symbolize a high quality, great representation and availability. People often think that checked products or services of experienced companies justify their requirements at the moment without realizing the idea that this is done to occupy a greater share of representation within society: Most marketers point to product brands in discussing the use of customer emotions in building strong brands. It is, however, proposed here that emotions play an even more powerful role in the customer’s selection, satisfaction and loyalty toward service brands (Grane, 2007, 412). When providing and releasing the products, people cope with the sphere of mental activity embodied in imagination. Many of the promoted brands captured mentality of people. The result is that people begin believing in labels and logos hanging them like descriptions of definite character or mood. By means of some psycho tricks marketing experts through the screens of TV sets and other commercials try to make people believe that this one is the best. In fact, it is a part of people’s associations in radial sequence. For example, when thinking about McDonald’s people imagine at the moment burgers, potato, café, communication, Ronald, quality, team-building process, and life freed from routine etc. Furthermore, usually the sign of the brand is called to make people buy them. Brands are ubiquitous. People seem to be involved in such games every now and then. It is actually a great weapon nowadays, which is not surprising. Human beings do not even realize the power of such mind-mapping and still criticize them for their irresponsibility and fake. The economical growth provoked a high level of consumption in the United States and other developed countries. People are to use first, then to pay for this. This principle created the field of knowledge in marketing for some great companies to make money from one’s desires and passions. This type of attitude is called “affluenza”. Affluenza is not confined to the United States. Through the promotion of staple consumer products lik
To understand why the French Revolution led to war between France on the one side and Prussia and Austria on the other in 1792, one should briefly recall the essence of this revolution. In European countries of the eighteenth century, the monarchy was the predominant form of government. However, France was the first to follow the American example in an attempt to eliminate the monarchy and establish the republic instead. This was the goal of the French Revolution, which began in 1789. At the beginning of the French Revolution, nothing indicated that there would be a war between France and Europe. European monarchies believed that France was pacifist, and its occupation with its internal problems would leave the field “open for their intrigues” (Hazen, 2017, p. 97). However, soon, they saw a menace in the principles of sovereignty and equality proclaimed by the French people and feared that their subjects, who were enthusiastic about the French successes, would revolt as well (Hazen, 2017). The situation was aggravated by the French revolutionists’ interest in spreading their ideas beyond the French borders (Hazen, 2017). Additionally, France suspected that French nobles, who fled the country, established their counterrevolutionary stronghold in Europe and posed a threat to the success of the French Revolution. Consequently, these tensions led to warlike sentiments in both France and European monarchies. In April 1792, France declared war on Austria and Prussia. The war was supported even by the advocates of monarchy, who believed that, after the war, they could restore the previous political regime. The war led to the more radical phase of the revolution because the French revolutionists wanted to eliminate all enemies of the Revolution, both domestic and foreign ones. The radicalization began with the arrest of the French king, Louis XVI, and the royal family on August 10, 1792. The arrest occurred after the Duke of Brunswick issued a manifesto, in which he demanded that the French restore the French king to complete liberty (Hazen, 2017). The manifesto made the French people believe that Louis XVI was an accomplice of the enemies of France. Other real and suspected traitors were also thrown into prison and then killed during the September Ma
Abstract Domestic firms are also affected by the risks experienced in the global market. These mainly include administrative and fiscal threats. Domestic and global firms have a number of variations between them. These include the legal and economic structure, cultural differences, and language. There are many ways through which firms benefit from the international market. Corporate governance is a term that refers to the manner in which corporations are managed and directed. SOX was mainly aimed at renewing the public’s confidence in the financial arena in US. Areas where purely domestic firms face international risks in the US market Domestic firms are gravely affected by the political risks in the global market arena. This is attributed to the fact that the regulations and laws operating at the regional, local, global, and central government entities affects the operation of domestic firms. In addition, there is a high likelihood of facing various forms of financial risks. These include exchange rate risks, commercial risks, and inflation- related risks. Political risks impact negatively on the profitability and growth of businesses. All firms are mainly affected by the following financial factors; commodity prices, interest rates, and exchange rates. In domestic firms, interest rates are given a keen concern (Schroeder, Clark & Cathey, 2006). Major differences between a multinational and domestic firm Whereas multinational corporations operate in more than two countries, domestic corporations operate in only one country. Whereas multinational corporations have to adhere to the various international legal and economic structures in the market, domestic firms only adheres to the legal and economic structures in the country of operation. Multinational companies operate in different countries and they have to adhere to the set structures. Multinational firms have to trade with a wide array of currencies. This depends on the location of the subsidiaries. On the contrary, domestic firms only deal with the currency used in the country of operation. Therefore, multinational corporations have to incur the extra costs and inconveniences involved in exchanging currencies during funds transfers between various nations (Schroeder, Clark & Cathey, 2006). Multinational corporations have to cope with different languages and cultural differences. Throughout the daily operations, a company whose subsidiary is based in Spain has to cope with the various languages such as Basque, Galician, Catalan, and Spanish. This is associated with additional paperwork and costs since a majority of the guidelines and polices have to be translated into a number of languages. In addition, it is imperative that effective multinational corporations are adequately flexible so as to cope successfully with the local preferences and culture. Products and how they a
The issue of global warming is the one that disturbs scientists and population all over the world. It is caused by a complex of factors, but human activity in general and an increase in carbon emissions in particular are considered to be the leading factors. Climate scientists claim that the global temperatures are constantly increasing. Thus, Nuccitelli (2018) provides evidence of 2017 being the hottest year for the last 50 years. The estimated temperature increase for this period is 0.17-0.18°C per decade (Nuccitelli, 2018). Figure 1. 1964–2017 global surface temperature data from Nasa (Nuccitelli, 2018). It is a proved fact that carbon dioxide is one of the gasses that contribute to the creation of the greenhouse effect. Carbone dioxide is mainly produced as a result of burning fossil fuels and is the most spread of all greenhouse gases (Pappas, 2017). Within the last 50 years, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by almost one half (“Seven things to know about climate change,” 2018). Considering the fact that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global average temperature were growing simultaneously, scientists suppose this gas is responsible for global warming. The majority of scientists who investigate environment on the whole and global warming in particular agree that the major factor for the climate change is man-made carbon dioxide. A review of more than 4,000 research papers revealed the fact that 97% of them prove that humans are responsible for global warming (“Seven things to know about climate change,” 2018). Since researches with instrumental measurements provide evidence that carbon dioxide absorbs heat and thus increases the average global temperature, the scientists agree that global warming is an inevitable consequence of carbon dioxide production. One of the efforts, which is supposed to slow down climate change and global warming, is the reduction of carbon emissions. The experience of the United Kingdom proves there is an opportunity to reduce global emissions by 3% in a period of fewer than five years (Imperial College London, 2018). The strategy of the United Kingdom’s government is to use natural gas instead of coal in power stations, and the positive change can be achieved in case other countries follow this example. Another way to stop the rapid process of global warming is to apply renewable and environmentally-friendly energy sources. According to the Paris Agreement signed by 195 states, the rate of warming should not exceed 2°C (“Seven things to know about climate change,” 2018). To achieve this goal, a joint effort of the humanity is needed. The researchers predict an increase of the part of renewables in the world energy consumption (“Seven things to know about climate change,” 2018). Moreover, the projected cost of wind and solar energy is expected to reduce significantly after 2020. I suppose that both initiatives have the potential for positive change. Still, I believe that the second strategy, w