ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many of you have probably heard about the term “phishing.” However, not many may be aware of its meaning hence the purpose of this newsletter. Phishing is a form of cyberattack whereby victims are reached by an individual impersonating a genuine organization or person by email or message trick them into giving critical or confidential information, like bank account numbers (Rains, 2020). There are different forms of phishing attacks, including Spear phishing, whaling, and others. Most individuals are at risk of being the victims of such attacks daily. One never knows when they will be the victim, which is why every Sifers-Grayson employee and non-technical manager needs to take this newsletter seriously. Spear phishing attacks have been on the rise in recent years. A spear-phishing assault is when a hacker customizes an email using the victim’s identity, role, organization, office phone number, and other details to fool the victim into thinking they are communicating with the actual sender (Kwak et al., 2020). Hackers might combine email spoofing with configurable URLs and drive-by installations for spear-phishing attacks to get around safety measures. More precisely, sophisticated spear-phishing assaults might take advantage of software weakness loopholes in browsers and plug-ins. The spear-phishing attempt could be a precursor to executable downloads, outgoing Trojan connections, and data breaches in the future. The whaling assault is a special kind of phishing attack that targets high-ranking businesses, officials, and personalities as its intended victims. In a whaling assault, the target is tricked into divulging personal or company data through email or webpage impersonation (Rains, 2020). To deceive targets into disclosing confidential information via email or accessing a faked site that imitates a reputable entity and requests private information like transaction or bank details. Case in point, recently, the most common form of spear phishing has been Business Email Compromise (BEC). According to Bakarich and Baranek (2020), a BEC hack uses a purportedly valid email address to persuade the recipient to perform a specific action. Using a BEC attack, the hacker typically wants the intended company to believe that they are doing a genuine commercial transaction while wiring funds to the hacker. Spear phishing scams prey on those who post their private info online. Employees should be extra attentive to avoid falling victim to a phishing scam. Often, phishing communications have tiny inaccuracies that reveal their genuine credentials, like spelling issues and alterations to web addresses, which a person may easily detect. Individuals should avoid responding to these sorts of emails to prevent being scammed. Other strategies to avoid falling for phishing scams include constantly updating your antivirus software, ensuring continuous cybersecu
The two selected cloud providers are Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure, which are in the top 5 largest providers in the United States. AWS boasts over 1 million active enterprise customers, with the majority made up by small and mid-sized businesses, while Azure does not public exact numbers, but reportedly serves a significant portion of Fortune 500 companies. The AWS pricing structure is based on optimization and savings. Businesses can pay for only what they use, so its adaptable from month to month, and can reserve capacity, ahead of time, usually saving more money for larger payments. Overall, AWS offers volume-based discounts and cost optimization. Out of more than 191 services that AWS offers, it has specific cloud migration services which allow to freely move workload from other public clouds or hosting facility as well as database migration services to migrate data to and from widely used databases (AWS, 2021). Meanwhile, Azure focuses strongly on by-product-based pricing which optimizes costs by offering best-practice recommendations and benefit programs. It offers calculators and transparent pricing lists ahead of time. Similarly, it offers a migration service with guidance and a central dashboard to migrate workloads to the cloud, with a unique differentiation of a comprehensive approach for multiple scenarios (Microsoft Azure, 2021). In regards to backup, AWS provides each used with Amazon Workspaces dashboard. Each customer has their designs and services that are planned for along with DR deployment models which plans for various scenarios such as natural disaster. Furthermore, the AWS infrastructure is split into regions and availability zone. Deploying Amazon Workspaces is associated with a virtual private cloud, but all AWS directory services require two subnets to operate, each placed in a different zone/region. For each workspace deployed, there are two EBS volumes, which are highly available and reliable. The EBS volume data is replicated across multiple servers in the availability zone which prevents loss of data from failure of a single component. Both the system and user EBS are automatically snapshotted every 12 hours, replicated across 3 availability zones and can serve as a rollback or backup to serve in cases of DR or BC (Persson, 2019). Meanwhile, Azure has two components in its policy which are schedule and retention. The user can define their policies-based type of data, RTO/RPO requirements and regulatory compliance. Businesses can optimize backup policy based on their needs, lasting from years or months to even a few minutes. Azure stores back up in two types of vaults, the recover services vaults and the back-up ones. The cline can specify how data in the vault is replicated, including locally, geo, and zone redundant storage, once again depending on protections needed and types of data. Azure has a number of backup ag
What role did the various states of Southeast Asia play in Asian history between 1000 and 1500 Southeast Asia is an area in the world that was greatly ignored in the past. Its essence equates with that of Africa to the British. Most people including graduates speak very little about it. However, this area played a significant role in the past. It was connected to Marshall Hodgson also known as Afro-Eurasian Historical Complex that was so significant in world history. Additionally, most societies arose around it. The states of this area also played a significant role in its political and cultural development. To enhance their success in cultural and political advancement, these states, Burma, Cambodia, Sumatra, and Vietnam utilized the borrowed Indian models to drive out Chinese colonial York. Southeast Asia also played a significant role in early trade. This is evidenced by the role played by the empire that was built in Angkor, located in Cambodia. Angkor provided a good platform for the trading activities that took place between Southeast Asia and Europe. Southeast Asia is also among the first areas to be intruded on by religious and trade activities. Theravada Buddhism and Islam that originated from Sri Lanka, the Middle East, and India respectively were the first religious practices to be introduced in large parts of this area. With the extensive expansion of Buddhism, the states of Southeast Asia served as the unifying factors for the people from the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia; Southeast Asia became a cosmopolitan with a diverse culture. Most of the European nations that invaded Southeast Asia were in search of wealth. Unlike other states, Vietnam’s main role was to capture Christians and spices. Its main intention was to destabilize the settlement of the Europeans and to alter their history in Southeast Asia. What role did international trade play in the emergence of states in Asian history before 1500? International trade was one of the crucial elements that led to the advancement of Western Europe. It was also so insignificant to the history of both Asia and Africa. However, the emergence of Venice paved the way for the involvement of the Chinese in the trade. Additionally, the discovery of tin, gold, and exotic forest products in both Sumatra and Malaya contributed to the advancement of international trade in Southeast Asia. The caravan routes that passed through it served as the trading routes. International trade was so crucial, that it enhanced the exchange of ideas between continents. It also played a significant role in un
The objective of this experiment is to verify the principles of moments for both parallel and non-parallel forces. Theoretical Background The ‘Principles of Moments’, also referred to as ‘Variignon’s Theorem’, is a vital principle in resolving a system of forces plying on a given structure. Together with the ‘Principle of Transmissibility’, the principle of moments determines the stability of a given structure. According to Putman (2), the principles of moments states that “the moment of any force is equal to the algebraic sum of the moments of the components of that force” (Putman 2). By definition, the moment of a force (F) is the turning effect of that force. The moment of a force is a vector quantity plying on a rotational system at a radius (d) from the axis of rotation. Therefore:   * Moment= Force (F)*perpendicular distance(d)   * The SI units for moments is Newton Meters(NM) From the expression above, it is evident that the moment of a force is directly proportional to the force and the perpendicular distance between the line of action and the force. Hence, the turning effect of a system of lever increases with the duo of the Force F and the distance d. The principle of moments of a body at equilibrium states that the sum of clockwise moments about a point is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments about the same point (Hibbeler 48). This can be represented by the figure 1 below: Fig 1 showing masses at equilibrium Clockwise moments (C.M)= Anticlockwise moments (A.C.M) i.e. M 1 d 1 = M 2 d 2 When counter moments are equal, the system does not rotate thus, the system is said to be at equilibrium. Experimental Procedures A mounting panel in a vertical position was mounted perpendicularly on a flat ground surface with a horizontal bar mounted on it centrally at a pivot. Masses were then suspended on either sides of the bar; one at a time at different angles courtesy of the pulleys while holding the left hand side weight and the distance constant at 2N and 160mm respectively to bring the lever at equilibrium (Fig 2 below). The masses on the right hand side of the lever was later on suspended from the lower arm to bring it to equilibrium position (Fig 6). At equilibrium positions, the perpendicular forces, resolved forces (when the line of action is at an angle), and the perpendicular distances were taken into account when calculating the moments. In total, four tests were carried out as shown in the figures below. Fig 2 showing amounting panel Test 1 (Fig 3) – of a 2N weight at equilibrium with a weight of 2N at 16cm from the pivot. Figure 3 Test 2 (Fig 4) – of weight W at a distance A in equilibrium with a 2N weight at 16cm from the pivot. Figure 4 Test 3 (Fig 5) – of weight W acting at a distance A from the pivot and in equilibrium with a 2N weight at 16cm from the pivot. Figure 5 Test4 (Fig 6)- of weight W suspended from the lower arm and in equilibrium with a 2N weight at 16cm from the pivot. Figure 6 Experimental Data TESTS   Equilibrium weight
Focusing on Duties of Health Care Professionals during Pandemic of Highly Contagious Diseases such as SARS and Ebola Recent experience in dealing with outbreaks of Ebola and SARS in Africa proved that he health care professionals often fail to adhere to their duties. The 2006 World Health Organization Reports underscore the importance of considering ethical and legal obligations of health care professionals. Ambiguity of ethical codes and legal provisions requires in-depth analysis of these issues to define what should be done to improve the situation. In this memo, a proposal will be introduced. Proposal on Improving the Quality of Health Care Services First, health care professionals should pay attention to legal issues and provisions. In this respect, the World Health Organization issues International Health Regulations that aims to enhance regional, global, and national health security i . The key provisions relate to the evaluation of response and surveillance capacities, as well as timely reporting on SARS diseases outbreaks. The task of health care professionals is to develop efficient response mechanism premised on their rights and obligations. Second, the shift should also be introduced to the employment environment with regard to the duties of health care professionals during pandemic. In particular, it is highly important to work out a plan that would allow the employees to response efficiently to contingencies during a pandemic. While introducing new provisions, the task of the employers should consist in observing processes stipulated in the employment agreement, providing the employees with content of the proposed variations. The employer should also inform employees about duties and responsibilities. Finally, the employer should provide their employees with an opportunity to receive advice concerning his responsive actions during the outbreaks. All these strategies should contribute greatly to the development of a new effective intervention framework. Third, certain regulations should be worked out to address ethical and moral codes during a pandemic. This is of particular concern to equitable access to prophylactic and precautious measures, boarder control, isolation, social-distances policies, and transnational issues introduced by the government. The international organizations should underscore the importance of obligations and duties of health care professionals. The point is that pandemics
Critique of the relevance and suitability of hard or soft approach in highlighting issues faced by Harrods Harrods has unique and very positive brand values that have enabled it to attract many clients and operate very effectively thus gaining a competitive edge across the globe. By equipping its employees with unique yet very relevant and timely skills, Harrods has managed to propel itself to greater success levels. The company has built a strong brand and reputation level due to its competitive operational mechanisms. By providing development and growth avenues for employees, it is evident that the company has successfully used relevant hard and soft approaches on the management of the needs of its clients. The soft approach has a lot of relevance to the organization since it is more focused on retaining employees, enhancing long term sustainability of the organization and meeting any emerging business opportunities in the retail market (Armson & Ison, 2003). By continually training and developing its employees and offering good payment packages, Harrods uses a soft approach in the management of its employees and in ensuring that the overall wellbeing of its employees is enhanced. (Campbell, 2000). There exist an element of hard approach in the manner in which the organization focuses on recruiting employees with the needed expertise. As a weakness, it is highly likely that the company accords little attention to the needs and emerging demands of customers by instead focusing so much on addressing the needs of employees. Some of the standards that need to be maintained are very complex and challenging to the business environment (Moores & Gregory, 2000). Though important, this has the risk of a business enterprise not identifying the demands of clients. The danger of employees being redundant through constant demand for new operational strategies could lead to excessive spending on innovation and creativity on concepts that may not enhance the competitiveness of the organization. The elements of the hard employee management approach put a lot of pressure on the employees to perform and excel in their endeavours. Application of the soft systems method to Harrods’s situation case The soft system method has been known to enhance a high level of efficiency and cost effectiveness in the modern business environment. It also ensures that the needs of employees and other stakeholders are catered for. Existence of a clear career path is a vital aspect that relates to the soft system method of business operations. Besides boosting the morale of employees, it also ensures that the demands of stakeholders are addressed and that employees remain competitive while undertaking their duties and responsibilities. Good payment of employees is crucial. By implementing very competitive remuneration standards that are in line with the soft systems method, it is worthwhile to note that employees’ performance would be enhanced by the fact that their needs and financial challenges would be catered for. Mechanisms of enhancing efficiency in business operations with well defined career paths remain crucial to the ov
By definition, climate change is an average long-term shift in weather patterns that is manifested by altering in the contributing factors including precipitation, temperature and pressure among other indicators. Climate change can be a consequence of a modification in variability typified by extreme weather conditions, for example, erratic rainfalls that cause floods. The earth’s climate is synonymous to this variability, however, its long-term climatic state is harmonized by the energy balance “between the incoming and the outgoing energy” (Ewing, 2012). As such, any external factor (climate forcers) affecting this energy balance may lead to climate changes. Importantly, these factors occur in different time-periods. Hence, the factors that affected climate change centuries back may not be the ones standing currently. Climate forcers can be categorized into two groups including human and natural causes. In addition to the duo, there are other changes that happen internally within the climate system, affecting the climate either as short-lived or long-lived. These modifications may be attributed to the atmospheric circulations among others factors. Human beings contribute to climate change when they engage in burning of fossil fuel, deforestation activities notwithstanding. These effects have been aggravated further since the inception of the era of industrial revolution. As a consequence, the face of the land has been altered tremendously, and the atmosphere is filled with fumes dominated by carbon dioxide gas, one of the greenhouse gases. These changes constitute what we can consider ourselves ‘climate forcers,’ who are responsible for destabilizing the earth’s energy system. To this end, the overall effect on the earth’s atmosphere has been a warming effect. The cumulative effect of the gas emissions on the planet is called the greenhouse effect. This is the reason of the global warming, and as such, it is believed that it may lead to erratic weather patterns, consequently affecting both the social and economic activities of man. Apart from the human activities, natural factors are other elements responsible for climate change. Such activities as volcanicity and the Sun insolation are among the external factors central to climate change. These two basically fall within the timescale of the contemporary causes of climate change. The duo have a significant effect on the incoming energy, however, volcanicity has a short-lived effect on the climate change. The intensity of the Sun insolation has considerably increased since the inception of the industrial revolution. This has been estimated to have increased by ten folds, consequently affecting climate significantly. The internal elements within the climate that
Jarir Bookstore is a Riyadh-based company that operates through two divisions, such as retail and wholesale. As it can be seen from the company’s official website, it offers a great variety of IT products, books, office and computer supplies, smartphones and accessories, and electronics. Jarir is the leader in the Middle East market of electronics, books, and office supplies. Among the trending products, there are various brands of laptops, computers, and mobile devices. In other words, the company succeeded not only as a bookstore but also as a large retailer. This company was founded in 1974 as the organization that works with used books. Jarir Bookstore became a joint-stock company in 2002. Furthermore, Jarir’s sales increased by 12% due to smartphone sales, and it extended to 32 showrooms (“About Jarir”, 2019). Today, it is the largest retailer of customer electronics and books, with plans to expand across Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and other neighboring countries. It should be stressed that this information points to the constant growth of the company, as well as its potential to be an active partner in terms of the joint venture. The products offered by Jarir are diverse, including well-known global brands and also exclusive items. The focus on hiring Saudi citizens is one of the specifics of Jarir, which shows social responsibility. Currently, there are about 2600 employees, of which 35% are Saudi people, and it is considered to be significant for the retail market (“About Jarir”, 2019). By providing more work opportunities for the local population, Jarir creates a more favorable social environment. The company’s leadership is one more important issue that is characterized by respect for individual initiative and career development. Mobile Telecommunications Mobile Telecommunications is an Internet service and fixed-line provider, also offering mobile phones. As one of the