ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The assertion of most pupils at public schools consists in the fact that music can create new life opportunities for everyone. In the 19 th century, music was served to describe the true nature of the human being. It is at that time that music performers began to play in front of the public to earn money, which in turn called for appearing and emergence of directors and teachers as professionals. Music education became part of the school curriculum in the 19 century, quickly turning into a seperate course. Schools began to hire music teachers; many schools started to distinguish themselves from other shools by means of the level of music education the students received. Arguments in Favor of Music Education in Public Schools Music performers use this kind of art to express their identity and national patriotism. Music education in public schools help to make young people more perfect and intelligent humans. In egeneral, music education at an early age develops one’s brain, rational thinking and reasoning. One’s intelligence can also be sharpened by means of music education, and it may be regarded as an advantage when music becomes part of the school curriculum. Music is the art that makes children reach their excellence. When children are constantly surrounded by music, they become successful in their lives. Music education in public schools is associated with hard work. When a song is being performed, it is pereieved as either good or bad, well played or a complete disaster. This means that a musician must practice a lot to sound perfect, which takes a long time for one to perfect the skills. There is a link between teamwork and music, when young students learn music at schools, they are taught how teamwork helps both the music teacher and the student to achieve their goals. The art of expressing one’s thoughts through music can develop a strong mental picture for such an individual. It also equips young children with an ability to face harsh situations and overcome fear during stage presentations. The inclusion of music education in public schools’ curriculum would be favourable for teachers as well providing them with an opp
Introduction An organizational structure which is well designed plays a crucial role in the process of its development and growth whereas a choice of the wrong structure normally reduces organization profitability, allows insufficient work to flourish and creates tensions among employees and managers (Koontz, 2006). Management structures are usually used everywhere including non- governmental organizations, departments in the government, institutions and even local associations. An organization structure refers to the organization framework which is articulated by the organization’s degree of formalization, complexity and centralization. Formalization of an organization can be defined as the degree by which it relies on the procedures and the rules which monitor the behavior of the employees. Complexity on the other hand means the extent of the diversity of the organization. Centralization is the attentiveness during decision making of the authority in the higher management. Set rules that govern a company are used in management control, communication control and in decision making for a better output. Type of influence is regarded as the manipulation techniques which are used by the management in order to give orders and guidelines. This motivates the staff members to achieving the set goals. Authority based influence normally depends on the manager and his or her position in which he is in. Expertise based influence depends on the managers who use their skills to influence their subordinates to carry out duties as expected. Communication style refers to the ways in which messages are sent to the staff members throughout the organization. The ways used have alternatives for instance communication can be started from the juniors to the senior. It can be done horizontally that is among the peer members in the company. It can also be done from the seniors to the juniors. Below is an organizational chart that shows the position of the interviewee (Accounts Manager) in the hierarchy: Fig 1.0: The organization Chart Organizational structures According to the interviewee, there are various management structures that are in use today. The major organizational structures include the mechanistic structure and the organic structure. However, each one of the structures has advantages and disadvantages. A mechanistic structure has diversified characteristics that include the following: A mechanistic structure of an organization has a centralized control, communication is vertically carried out and it has a high degree of formalization and co-o
Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease is one of the many health problems around the globe. There are many variations of this condition, manifested either in the heart muscle’s malfunctioning or in conditions associated with the blood vessels. These diseases are hazardous since mortality and morbidity are incredibly high. This is especially evident in the case of cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease. The latter condition is observed in the case of partial or complete blockage of the blood vessels’ blood pathways due to the appearance of fatty deposits on their walls. Such diseases are associated with severe pain in the vessels and chest, which only worsen in the absence of proper treatment. World Health Organization Perspective The importance of paying attention to this disease is emphasized not only by ordinary doctors but also by the World Health Organization. According to its research and reports, the number of patients with cardiovascular disease has been on the rise in recent years and is likely to continue to rise. WHO draws a link between the increase in these conditions and the change in society’s lifestyle due to urbanization and globalization. The modern world inclines to a sedentary lifestyle due to the presence of the ability to perform many actions without leaving home. However, this lifestyle negatively affects many systems of the human body, including the cardiovascular system. According to WHO forecasts, CHD is likely to be the largest cause of death in 2020 by up to 30 percent. In the absence of appropriate measures, this figure could rise to 55 percent. Such forecasts emphasize the extreme necessity of addressing this problem and searching for the fastest methods. Global Public Health Burden Thus, this problem is relevant both because of the severity of the disease itself and because of its spread. Combined with other factors such as the proliferation of sedentary lifestyles, this is a real burden on the health system. Fortunately, public attention has recently been riveted on this issue, and many studies have been conducted to analyze these conditions. Studies show that cardiovascular disease is also linked to diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure. Besides, several major risk factors have been identified, including nutrition. Many studies confirm this connection’s existence, which leads to the need for a detailed analysis of this topic and the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and human diets. Consequently, additional study of this topic will allow more actively counteracting this epidemic, reducing its spread. Dietary Patterns and CVD Patterns of food intake, food groups, and micronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins may cause risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This factor is confirmed by studies showing the dangers of eating a particular group of products. For example, saturated fats and trans-fats increase the risk factor for cardiovascular disease, while polyunsaturated fats, on the contrary, reduce this risk. Similarly, an associatio
Art Before History Stylistic / period terms   * Paleolithic- This is a cultural era of the Stone Age period that began about 2.5 million years ago and was marked by the development and use of chipped stone tools   * Mesolithic- This is a cultural period between the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras that began around 10,000 years ago and was characterized by the domestication of plants and animals and the formation of organized communities.   * Neolithic- This is a cultural period of the Stone Age period that began at around 10,000 B.C in the Middle East and was characterized by primordial crop growing and domestication of animals and the use of smoothened stone and flint tools.   * Naturalism – This artistic movement began in France in the 19 th century and refers to the portrayal of objects in a realistic and factual environment.   * Twisted Perspective- A form of rock art where a bimorph is put into display from various perspectives.   * Representation- This is the symbol or sign that stands in for and takes the place of something or someone. Art-related terms   * High relief- This is a sculptural form in which the objects extend out from the background to at least half their size.   * Medium- This refers to the material that is used by an artist to produce an art form.   * Composition- This is the arrangement of visual elements in an artwork and is independent of the focus of the work.   * Mural- This is any work of art that is done on a wall or ceiling.   * Terracotta- This is a hard-unglazed ceramic made of clay and used in pottery.   * Incise- This means to cut into or carve out objects from a surface The social and economic changes that took place between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods, and how these changes affected art and architecture During the Paleolithic period, man organized himself into societies and learned the art of hunting wild animals and gathering fruits. Stones and bones were also used to make hunting tools, besides; humans used leather and vegetable fibers as tools. Humankind slowly evolved and began to produce earliest artworks and participated in religious and spiritual acts. The Neolithic period was marked by agricultural revolution; man moved from hunting and gathering to agriculture. The period also saw the development of settlements as an improvement to the communities that existed in the Paleolithic period. Domestication of animals and plants was also arisen during the period. These changes led the coming together of the mobile hunter-gatherer groups into more consolidated communities and provided the basis for the development of architecture. The most primitive proof of art during the Paleolithic period was discovered in the Middle Paleolithic period in form of rock-art, body paintings using ochre and beads. Human beings were originally involved in art forms during the Upper Paleolithic period. This art forms included; the Venus figurines, animal carvings as well as rock and cave paintings. The shelter of the early man changed during the Neolithic era a
Identity refers to the personality, expressions, and beliefs that make a person and can be either positive or destructive. People tend to have a self-image of themselves in their minds. Identity can be shaped and influenced by culture, surrounding environments, family, personal interests, or associations. The characteristics that determine who a person is define their identity, and typically, people belong to more than one group at the same time. Everyone has different definitions of terms associated with their identity, such as caring, loving, and hardworking mother or wife. For me, I am a caring person, and most of the people I relate to know that. There is nothing that I cannot do for my loved ones and friends. I love and cherish them so much, even though people think that I am strict. People close to me usually describe me as a kind person who is ever forgiving since I am always there to help. As for my vision, a person is caring when they continually try to ensure that others are well and happy. It is someone who gives both their resources and time to other people generously and is always considerate about others when making decisions. I have constantly been generous with my time, especially for my loved ones, as I regularly ensure that I create time for them no matter how busy I may be. I also send encouraging notes to people facing problems since it can mean a lot to them and remind them to remain strong amid challenges. I consider myself a loving person, since in the contemporary world, love is what people need. Love is an important key to a happy and fulfilling life and according to me, being a loving person is all about showing expressions of affection to people with no form of selfishness. I chose to be a caring person to ensure that all my meaningful relationships were maintained. As a wife and a mother, I have been hugging my children, intending to comfort them and reassure the care I have for them. And whenever I reach out to my partner, I always ensure that my behaviors fulfill his desires and not mine. I compliment my husband as much as I can, and luckily enough, he usually feels acknowledged by my words since I make sure that the statements I make are more of a reflection on him. I always ensure that I do not manipulate him but offer him a genuine appreciation by valuing him for who he is. I have been proving myself to be a loving and caring mother and wife through being hardworking. According to my definition, being hardworking is all about being willing to learn new ways to ensure growth. I always want to be the best for my loved ones, so I enjoy learning things that can work for their benefit. I am regularly punctual in waking up so that I prepare breakfast for my husband before he goes to work and then prepare my kids for schoo
Introduction The primary essence of conducting business is to realize financial gains that translate to the improvement of the shareholders and consumers’ well-being. In this regard, the investors should receive dividends that are proportional to their injections in a manner that observes the relevant laws. Therefore, directors should avoid instances of biased rewards in the form of dividends to the stakeholders since various laws stipulate so (McLaughlin 23). In the UK, the Companies Act 2006 is a demonstration of parliament that as of now serves as the essential wellspring of company law outlining provisions that guide business legal frameworks. For this reason, conflicts arising from issues regarding dividends can arrive at their resolution through the application of the provisions especially those included in Part 23 of the Companies Act 2006. The Re-Exchange Banking Co, Flitcroft’s Case (1882) 21 Ch. D. 519 provides a scenario of the application of general law stipulations against directors who inappropriately pay dividends to the shareholders by terming them as liable for the mismanagement of dividends (Dignam and Hicks 58). In this case, this paper seeks to provide a critical evaluation of the statutory stipulations contained in Part 23 of the CA 2006 concerning the return of capital to stakeholders. Background to the Companies Act 2006 The Companies Act 2006 contains legal provisions that guide business practices in the UK to ensure that corporations uphold fairness in their operations. The Companies Act was established in 2006 after which the procurements were executed bit by bit in stages, with the last purchase being put into power in October 2009. The Act has the refinement of being the longest ever, containing 1,300 areas that compass more than 700 pages, with a rundown of substance that is 59 pages in length. The demonstration likewise includes 16 plans. However, those have been superseded by the Corporation Tax Act of 2009 (Kershaw 50). Mainly, sections 593 and 597 of the Companies Act clearly outlines the terms concerning dividends with respect to the valuation of no-cash share concerns and reporting to the registrar of companies pertaining the dividends payable to stakeholders. The conditions defined underscore that companies must not partially or wholly allocate shares to the beneficiaries in any other form other than in cash unless in unique instances (Kershaw 58). Additionally, a company should submit a copy of the dividends report to the registrar of registration to depict the proposal for shares allotment (Bloomfield 39). In this regard, the two sections emphasize th
Framing The case is focused on Terri Schiavo, a woman that stays in a vegetative state as a result of a heart attack. Health care professionals suggest that she is not aware of anything that is going on, the quality of her life is incredibly small, and recovery is not expected. Her husband is a surrogate, and he has a disagreement with her parents. The financial burden is enormous, and the psychological impact of this situation is also significant. The decision that is being discussed is whether it is ethical to discontinue life support or not. Preliminary Phase The first possible option is to stop life support because health care professionals have stated that recovery is not likely. This reason is vital because many individuals think that individuals should have the right to die if their condition is extremely painful or hard to handle (Pierce 37). The problem is that resources and time of health care institutions are not efficiently used even if relatives may think otherwise. Many may believe that a close one should be able to make such decisions because it has an enormous effect on their lives. It is necessary to understand that such treatment is very expensive, and it may not be an easy task to afford it (Noonan 17). Moreover, it may seem highly unreasonable to spend such enormous funds if there is no result and a person may be considered dead (Devettere 136). The second option is to continue life support because another approach can be viewed as a particular form of murder. This reason is important because life should not be taken away under any circumstances. It is evident that she is alive, and performs necessary body functions, but needs some support. Moreover, there have been cases of miraculous recoveries in the past, and this aspect should not be overlooked. Also, it could be entirely possible that a new technique or technology that could address this issue is discovered, and every individual that is involved would have to suffer because of a decision to discontinue life support. All-Things-Considered Phase The first reason should be prioritized in this case because it is evident that numerous complications are avoided. It is understandable that a family may not want to support such an approach, but it is the most reasonable in this case. The fact that they have to worry about a patient every single day and hope for recovery is quite problematic and has an enormous effect on their lives. This approach should be prioritized because it is beneficial in the long term. Utilitarianism can be applied in this situation, and it can be seen the consequences of such actions would be the most beneficial for every party that is involved (West 146). Husband will no longer have to spend enormous amounts of money on treatment that would not lead to any results, and parents may have to accept the situation because they are currently in denial. It is understandable that many may oppose this approach, but logic should be preferred in this case, and it is possible to argue that such a state cannot be viewed as a living, and it i
The film Consuming Kids contains some invaluable material not only for parents but also for healthcare professionals and any individual involved in fostering the well being of children. This film is an eye opener sparking discussion in areas of sociology, psychology, health, and media studies. It is clear that, advertising and marketing has intruded children’s lives creating a variety of ills ranging from obesity, excessive materialism, violence, and matters of sexuality. According to Gamble, Marketers find children as important demographic for they have a lot of influence on the buying decisions of their parents and the same time they have purchasing power (262). This paper will focus its attention on marketing and how it affects children and how individual’s Values and Life Styles aid in marketing and advertising. Today, marketers have increasingly targeted children because of their power to influence the buying patterns of their parents and the income at their disposal. In addition, the modern interactive technology has created new routes where the children market can be reached well. The advertisements carried on TV today feature food products that are high in sugar and fat and at actually have very low nutritional value. Apart from junk food, marketers are promoting violent video games, unnecessary huge toys, beauty products, and even social networks such as Facebook. Padded bikinis, cigarettes, guns, and beer are some products targeted at kids today. A good example is the Britain retailer who introduced “padded bikinis” for girls as young as seven years old (Gamble 265). Fast food outlets like McDonalds package their products with materials dominated by toys and cartoons to attract the children market. All these have negative effects to children including obesity, violence, materialism, materialism, and hyper sexuality. Today, airlines and hotels have increasingly targeted kids for they possess the nag or pestering factor. This simply means that they can pester and influence their parents to go on holidays; they will
Since the illness was first reported in Asian in 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been studied in depth, especially at the microscopic level. Within a short period, the disease spread over all the continents except Africa, but was successfully contained. Nevertheless, it is still one of the major threats to the world health because it has a rapid rate of infection, spreading and a very high mortality rate (Peiris, Lai, Poon, et al 2003). SARS is a viral disease caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) of the viral order Nidovirales , Family Coronaviridae , Subfamily Coronaviridae , Genus Bectacornavirus and Species SARS Coronavirus . The virus belongs to the Group IV ((+)ssRNA), meaning that is it a positive single stranded RNA virus (Thiel 2012). The SARS Coronavirus is a large virus, with about 29kb long genome. So far, 13 genes and 14 proteins have been identified by molecular studies conducted since 2003. In addition, studies have shown that the genomes 5’UTR and 3’UTR have about 265 and 342 nucleotides respectively (Snijder et al. 2003). Like other members of the coronavirus family, the SARS virus expression begins with a single translation of 1a and 1b polyproteins from two large ORFs (Rota et al. 2003). According to McBride and Fielding (2012), most of the protein functions of the genome products of the virus have been elucidated and are well known. For instance, the two large ORFs, 1a and 1b encode an enzyme replicas, as well as the codes for the proteins that end up making the structure of the virus. Although major studies have been conducted to examine these sections, the functions of the 8 proteins are not well understood. Like other members of the family, the SARS virus expresses the ORF1a polyprotein (pp1a) and the pp1b polyprotein joined together (Rota et al 2003). The large proteins are then cleaved into 16 smaller functional subunits by proteins PLpro and 3CLpro (Thiel 2012). After this, the normal replication process of positive single stranded RNA viruses takes place, producing a large number of viruses that are highly infectious. The disease resulting from an infection with the SARS virus is simply known as SARS. The initial symptoms are fever, headache and muscular pain. After about 2 days to 2 weeks of the first symptoms, the patients show a number of other conditions associated with respiratory system, which include pneumonia, cough and dyspnea (Thiel 2012). Hematologically, the patients experience a rapid reduction in the volume of lymphocytes within their circulatory systems. The highest recorded mortality rate due to the condition was recorded in 2003 and was about 50% among the people aged 50 and above (Thiel 2012). In younger generations, the mortality rate was often low, mostly less than 45% in various nations in Asia (Thiel 2012). In conclusion, SARS is a viral disease with a high rate of spreading and a