Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder abbreviated as ADHD is a behavioral disorder prevalent among children and often persists into adulthood if untreated. Controversies surround this ailment includes causes and appropriate treatment program available. Since the beginning of1970, treatment and diagnosis of ADHD has remained a debatable issue among teachers, clinicians, policymakers, and the media. It is difficult to ascertain actuality of ADHD, causes, and effectiveness of stimulant medications prescribed by medics. In America, it is universally accepted by medical practitioners that ADHD is a medical disorder affecting behavioral patterns. In 1998, the American Medical Association concluded that ADHD diagnosis is carried out on the facets of external observable research, which when critically monitored, may lead to a reliable result. Thus, this research essay attempts to confirm that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a medical condition affecting childhood behavior. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD is a behavioral conditional disorder affecting an estimated eight to ten percent of school going children. Generally, this condition is three times likely to affect boys than girls. However, research done so far is unclear on the reasons surrounding the variance of gender in prevalence rate. Reflectively, children suffering from ADHD are prone to acting with improper coordination between action and consequence (Andrew, 2006). Besides, they are hyperactive and not keen to focus on interactive discussion. Though they understand expectations from parents, peers, and teachers, there is serious trouble in interpreting and following the expected due to restlessness. Thus, the victim cannot sit still, attends to fine details, or pay attention (Andrew, 2006). As a matter of fact, children of younger age exhibit these behavior characteristics as described when happy, exited, or anxious. It is a common scenario to monitor behavior of younger children when with peers or in the house. However, for ADHD condition, these characteristics are prolonged and occur intently. ADHD ailment impairs the ability of a child to function academically, socially, and at home. From the findings of advanced scientific research, this condition is treatable. The treatment schedule influences ability to learn practical ways of comfortably managing and living with these symptoms (Bee &Boyd, 2011). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, abbreviated as ADHD or ADD is a disorder of development and growth among children. The onset of ADHD symptoms is at the age before seven years. Globally, infection rate stands at 3% to 5% among children. Besides, diagnosis rate in school going children is at 2% to 16%. Being a chronic condition, 30% to 50% of the infected children may exhibit persistent symptoms late into adulthood (Bee &Boyd, 2011). Notably, adults and adolescents with this condition adopt coping mechanisms as a means of making up for their shortcomings. At present, the statistical estimate of America adults suffering from this ailment is at 4.7 percent (Bee &Boyd, 2011). To carry out a standardized and non-biased screening, world bodies such as W.H.O have co