ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The concept of language is a complex one; it has been long ago discovered to be not isolated from the communicative situations and individual differences of speakers. The linguistic discourse has hence become a subject of close scrutiny, and the socio-cultural, individual, institutional and other implications of language usage have come to the forefront of scientific attention. The connection of language, identity, and social practices of individuals has to be studied in the whole complicity of their revelations in the overall discursive essence. There is much empirical evidence nowadays on how identity is reflected through language, and on the ways language becomes and indispensible part of the human social practices and experiences. There are also findings on how the connection between language and identity can be used to enhance language learning and acquiring linguistic proficiency. The article of Joseph (2006) summarizes the main ideas of how language has become a useful tool in both expressing one’s identity and evaluating the identities of other people on the basis of their language usage peculiarities. Joseph (2006) emphasizes the fact that language is now used more in the function of representation than communication, and that the transformation derives from the cultural and individual diversity of speakers evident nowadays. One more useful finding of Joseph (2006) is that the conventional vision of realization of only national identity in language is now actively debated because of the need to take into consideration the individual contribution every person makes into the linguistic usage and identity formation as well as realization through linguistic means. The opinion about language representing identity in action is shared by Lane (2009); the researcher has made this conclusion based on the results of the survey conducted with two immigrant Finnish groups residing on the territory of Canada. Their national identities reflected through language turned out identical, but the social practices they implied by language usage differed substantially, thus making them distinct. Therefore, individual identity becomes a significant component of linguistic usage patterns and is reflected though symbolic attributes in linguistic practices worldwide. Language is also based on identity realization through the individual practices and experiences, both within the language learning and usage framework and beyond it. This point can be well illustrated by the work of Darville (2009) proving that true literacy in language learning can be acquired only in case when learned items can be tied to the learners’ real life experience. It means that literacy should be perceived as practice, with the language representing a social construct that is exercised in the context of learners’ lives, perceptions, opinions and feelings (Darville, 2009). Another finding in the field of ty
Introduction The Battle of Normandy, popularly referred to as Operation Overlord was the united attack of Normandy. It started on June 6 of 1944, nicknamed D-Day and its last part was June 30 of the same year. The end was known as Operation Cobra. The participants of the Normandy on D-Day came from the United Kingdom, The United States and Canada. Sizeable Free French and troops from Poland as well took part in the combat following the attack stage. There were also other groups from Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Norway and Netherland. Additional united countries took part in the seafaring and air troops. As of today, Operation Overlord still is the leading seaborne assault in times gone by (D-Day, the Battle of Normandy). It entailed more than 156,000 forces crossing the English Channel from England to Normandy. The initial seafront attack Operation Overlord was nicknamed Operation Neptune, with its aim being to get a grip on the continent. This battle was and still remains one of the most significant occurrences of contemporary history as the united forces shattered the core of the Nazi troops and as a result speeding up the devastation of Nazi Germany, attaining the triumph of democratic system(s) over absolutism. The Normandy attack commenced with all night parachute and sailplane touchdowns, immense air assaults, nautical onslaughts and an early morning land and sea chapter commenced on June sixth. D-Day troops set out from establishments by the side of the south coastline of England with the most significant of these being Portsmouth. Allied preparations The intention of the act was to craft a lodgment that would be attached in the City of Caen and soon after that Cherbourg after its harbor would be secured. If Normandy could be held, the Western European movement and the collapse of Nazi Germany could set in motion. Close to 6,900 watercrafts would be employed in the assault, under the leadership of Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay. There would be 4,100 landing vessels, with 12,000 airplanes in readiness to shore up the landings under the command of Air Marshal Sir Trafford Mallory (The main phases of the Battle of Normandy). 1,000 transfers were to be in place to fly in the parachute forces with 10,000 tons of bombs. Among the more atypical united groundwork included toughened vehicles in particular adjusted for the attack. They were built up under the headship of Major General Percy Hobart. The vehicles were nicknamed Hobart’s Funnies and consisted of Duplex Drive Sherman tanks able to ‘swim’, fire hurling tanks, mine-clearing tanks, bride construction tanks and road construction tanks equip endowed with mechanisms for tearing down solid placements. Preceding trials had been carried out on these vehicles and found successful. The mass of them were to be operated by the British Armored Division attached to the assorted troops. The troops went over their functions for D-Day months to the attack. On April 28, 1944, seven hundred and forty nine American armed f
Comprehensive List of Nursing Diagnoses   * Unilateral neglect   * Impaired environmental interpretation syndrome   * Acute confusion   * Chronic confusion   * Ineffective impulse control   * Impaired memory   * Impaired verbal communication   * Hopelessness   * Risk for compromised human dignity   * Risk for loneliness   * Disturbed personal identity (NADA, n.d.) Nursing Diagnosis Disturbed personal identity Outcomes The patient suffering from a kind of mental health disorder and distributed personal identity starts to recognize his own personality as a united whole. The patient easily identifies himself/herself. The patient has fewer difficulties when communicating with others. Plan Mitigation of the negative impact of any mental health disorder is a complex process that demands specific and individualized approaches to provide a patient with the most important and efficient methods that will promote his/her recovery and general improvement. For this reason, a plan that considers individualized needs of a patient, his/her current status and diagnosis is needed. The chosen patient, 47-year-old male, suffers from schizophrenia. One of nursing diagnoses that could be applied to him is disturbed personal identity. Moreover, impaired verbal communication could also be related to him. For this reason, a following nursing care plan and interventions could be suggested. The main goal of this set of actions it the general improvement of the patients state, and his reporting about the decrease of the number of problems related to self-esteem and personal identity.   * Speak clearly and directly to the patient in an understandable and professional manner for him to acquire the information and be able to process it.   * Explain the nature of the problem and the main troubles that might result from it   * Explain the necessity and outstanding importance of treatment by pointing out possible complications and complete loss of personal identity   * Teach the patient how to use specialized techniques that might help him to gain control over his feelings and emotions and realize himself as a certain individual.   * Provide the patient with an opportunity to perform various kinds of activity that might help him to remain an active member of society as it is important for his self-esteem   * devote time to one-on-one interaction with the patient to improve his self-esteem   * inform the patient when he starts to lose his own personality   * speak with the patient about his personal interests, hobbies, preferable activities, games, etc. to admit the unique peculiarities of his personality   * create the communicational pattern that appeals to the patients self-esteem and his feeling of dignity   * gain trust and establish comfortable relations with the patient   * avoid any actions that might trigger the growths of the patients dissatisfaction and suspiciousness   * teach the patient social skills to interact with people and relatives   * provide encouragement and praise for all success attained by the patient These actions and interventions have a certain scientific rationale that predetermines the expected outcomes and proves the necess
Purpose/Background/Audience With the creation of new composite materials, advanced guidance systems, efficient flight systems as well as a host of new technological advancements the aviation industry has in effect expanded at a tremendous rate. This can be seen in the creation of new Technologically Advanced Airplanes (TAA) as well as the utilization of NextGen systems within aircraft resulting in a far safer and more efficient flying experience for passengers and pilots alike. What must be understood is that as technologies for certain industries get better their proliferation, commercial affordability and utilization increase as well. While there have been significant advances in both the type of technology and services utilized by the aviation industry, such progress has neglected to make significant progress in investigating the dynamics of space weather phenomena and its effect on various electronic aviation systems. Space weather phenomena is the result of bursts of protons and electrons from solar activity which create distinct inter-solar phenomena that can varied effects ranging from solar wind, coronal bursts of energy and other similar displays of energy. Certain forms of space weather phenomena such as Solar Flares have been known to interrupt High Frequency (HF) radio communications as well as satellite signals. It must be noted that the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) utilized in the NextGen systems of commercial airliners are all dependent on satellite signals and even slight interruptions can not only cause a plane to go of course but could prove disastrous should such systems malfunction resulting the possibility of mid-air collisions or even crash landings. It is based on the facts presented that this paper questions whether sufficient investigations have been conducted investigating the effect of space weather phenomena on future navigation systems and if problems have been identified what is being done to resolve it. As such this paper targets the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as a primary audience with its secondary audience being pilots and other members of the aviation industry. Group/Individual Ethos For this particular project it has been decided that it will be accomplished entirely by a single individual. The reason behind this is due to the fact that the researcher believes that as a student attempting to attain a Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics with a Minor in Safety and Human Factors his current educational level combined with the var
Teenagers face numerous problems during adolescence period. These include mostly biological changes. At the same time, they encounter other issues like morality, sexuality, family, psychological, substance abuse, identity, and school, to mention but a few. This is considered the most difficult period in a human’s life because it determines the future path taken by an individual. The research has shown that theoretical approaches to adolescent problems are partly opposite to the reality. Society and environment play key roles in determining how teenagers handle adolescence issues. For this reason, an interview with a teenager has been conducted with an aim of comparing adolescence experiences with the theories. It was necessary to understand the teenagers’ main problems and concerns during the adolescence period. In this regard, an interview with young girl from a Madison High school has been arranged. Jane is 15; she has recently become a sophomore. It was necessary to know her opinion of a number of issues and problems of the adolescent period, and then compare them with other high schools and middle school students’ experiences. The girl was quite pleased with our conversation given the fact that we barely knew each other, however, she was a bit shy and constrained. Jane can be described as elegant, quite tall for her age, and extremely beautiful. She showed her prowess in communication throughout the interview. Jane was observant, sublime, and rapt during the interview showing composure and discipline. In fact, I was surprised since my previous interview had not been as much successful as this one turned out to be. I briefly told her a few things from my autobiography to spark off the conversation and at the same time to make her feel at ease. She then told me about her background as well as ambitions she pursued at Madison in brief. I assured her that our interview was confidential, which made her feel free. Jane told me that she comes from a Caucasian family. Her both parents were always supportive of her. I could see excitement in her eyes as she was waiting for the first question. First, I asked about her family and she told me about her parents. Jane’s parents loved her to such an extent that she felt she could not live without their support. Her mother taught her the things which she has to face in adolescence. I could take notice of the fact that she was quite suspicious of fellow adolescents of the male gender. Having both parents in a neighborhood where some children had a single parent gave her the peace of mind. She said that througho
There is an important question of how much to charge for a product or a service. This is an important field for debates. But there is a more important one for the vendor to be concerned with. The question is: how much do customers value the products or services, and other intangibles that the company/vendor provides? There pricing could be performed manually and could be automated. It’s a process of applying prices to purchase and sales orders. It depends on some factors: a fixed amount, quantity break, promotion or sales campaign, specific vendor quote, price prevailing on entry, shipment or invoice date, a combination of multiple orders or lines, and many others. Automated pricing is a more costly and difficult process but it practically eliminates pricing errors. The competition also plays an important role in pricing: the higher the competition the lower the prices are. And bundling also plays a role in that aspect, because sometimes it makes the consumer think that he/she is paying less for something than it would be if he/she would pay for it separately. The difference in prices could be that low, that losses of the company on a large scale are minimal. Also, the fact that the product or service wouldn’t be bought, because of its separate price lowers losses practically to zero. Some main goals should be reached when the price is set correctly. It should achieve the financial goals of the enterprise. It has to be realistic so that the customers would buy the product or service at that price, etc. The psychological aspect of bundling in that case is playing a huge role. Paying 100 dollars for a single item is less to be successful than paying 160 for 3 items. The basic human factor comes into play. People want more for less money. Some of the services or goods in the bundle may be useless and never used by the customers, but the knowledge that you bought something cheaper than it could be makes the deal more rational from your point of you. Price is influenced by the type of distribution channel used, the type of promotions used, and the quality of the product. On the example of Time Warner company, we could see that the bundling systems that are promoted are actively distributed through the Internet, where the customers have a chance to compare it with other companies. That’s why it’s important to make visibility that Time Warner offers more than other companies. Price will usually need to be relatively high if manufacturing is expensive, distribution is exclusive, and the product is supported by extensive advertising and promotional campaigns. In this case, the production is cheap, because of its nature and absence of aspects of exclusiveness in the distributional process. An efficient price is a price that is very close to the maximum that customers are prepared to pay. Time Warner presents a bundle of services at a certain price; these services could be more expensive if sold separately, but at the same time they could be cheaper. But the customer sees that their couple of services together sold by on
Introduction This chapter is dedicated to a background research of the subject under discussion, the Impact of F1 Grand Prix on the economies of hosting countries, the research motivations, and specific research questions will also be revealed in this chapter before concluding with an overall outline of the entire research study. Background The Formula 1 Grand Prix (F1 GP) managed by Bernie Ecclestone’s company is renowned as the most vociferous sporting program in the world as well as the peak point of the motorsports arena. The F1 GP world championship is generally watched in more than 100 countries around the world and it is broadcasted in every continent. It is estimated that the sporting event has an average viewership of more than 60,000 spectators at the racing circuits. (Tremayne & Huges, 2003). According to the official web site of F1 (2005 & 2006) this spectacular sporting event is also synonymous with tremendous and fantastic overtaking moves, extreme speeds, horrendous crashes, champion drivers super speed pit stops, ground breaking team tactics etc. Not to mention the extremely stunning array of beautiful women who adds further spice to this exhilarating motor sport event of international caliber. The F1 GP is organized on an annual basis and within a year about 16-18 events takes place in a range of countries around the world. Usually the race takes place every fortnight from the commencement of the season and the F1 teams taking part in each event travel to the destination of the next race in order to be involved in various press conferences, sponsor promotions and testing of their cars in the time between. The races usually take place on a Sunday afternoon, and the Saturday before the event the teams take part in a one-hour qualifying session, which helps to determine their positions in the starting grid for the following day. According to Burgess-Wise (1999) Sunday, the day of the grand event will see masses of F1 supporters and fans taking their places in anticipation of live coverage of the event. F1 Constructor Standings in 2011 season as of 25 April 2011 Team                    Total points for the season (as at 25 April 2011) RBR Renault             105                                               McLaren – Mercedes      85
Introduction In today’s competitive global business environment, in order to survive companies are required to devise ways to grow (Donald 2008.). The two companies in this case are considered equals. The involved companies in this case are regarded to be of the same size. In principle the stocks of the two companies are usually surrendered rather than issuing. Such instances can be recalled of the case of Glaxo Welcome merging in 1999 with SmithKline Beecham that gave birth to GlaxoSmithKline. Advantages of Acquisition Acquisition enables to penetrate a specific market niche that could otherwise not have been penetrated due to many barriers. Acquiring encourages specialization in that a company is able to enter into other markets which could not have been penetrated before (Jarrod , 2005). Acquiring a company means acquiring its customers as well. The company expands its operations through producing a wide variety of products (Jarrod, 2005). In acquiring another company, the acquiring company increases its economy of scale. The acquisitions may result in the reduction in the fixed costs and thus increasing the resultant profit margin. Acquisition also leads to increased financial leverage- the power gained by a company when more financial assets are acquired of the acquiring company. Earnings per share and the overall profitability of the acquiring company are improved. The improved productivity and increased stock generates more (Jarrod, 2005). Disadvantages of Acquisitions Acquiring of another company may involve high financial implications. These include buying costs legal costs and other associated costs. This may cause the company to take loans which may take long to (Jarrod, 2005). The anticipated profits of acquisition may take long to be realized. It will take the company quite some time before it penetrates the new market. (Jarrod, 2005). Acquisition may not go down well with the customers and shareholders. Acquired company may be placed under management of a new team. The new employees may not be familiar with the company’s operations. This may have negative effects on the clients. Advantages of merging Merging of companies is aimed at improving the financial performance of the companies in question. Merged companies enjoy the same advantages as those acquired company. Merging companies also enjoy Vertical integration. This occurs when an upstream and downstream firm merges. Disadvantages of merging While diversification may hedge a company against a downturn in an individual industry it fails to deliver value (Harwood, 2006). Merging may also lead to Manager’s hubris. This is manager’s overconfidence about expected synergies from merging. Merging requires empire-building. Conclusion Even though acquisitions are found to be advantageous to a company, there face numerous challenges, t