ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
BP Company is one of the world’s leading international oil companies selling oil and gas products as the major product. The company provides its clients with energy for heat and light, petrochemical products, retail services, and fuel for transportation. The company has employed more than 83,400 workers worldwide, oil reserves exceeding 17,700 million barrels of oil equivalent, is operational in over 30 countries, refines more than 2,352 thousand barrels daily, and had sales and operating revenues exceeding $375,517 million in the year 2011. BP Company is involved in oil exploration, oil mining, refining of oil, transportation of oil products, and byproducts, generating low carbon energy and social responsibility. The company operates as BP, Amoco, ARCO, Sohio, Castro, and Aral in different parts of the world. In order to understand the market well, the researchers will employ various market research tools, namely interviews, sampling and statistics, observation, online and web data, face to face, phone calls, central location intercept, and depth interviews. The above tools are broadly categorized as qualitative research tools and quantitative research tools (Bradley 32). The primary research instrument to be employed by the researchers will be interviews and will be carried on consumers, distributors, manufacturers, and competitors. This will enable the researchers to substantially reach their decision without prejudice and favor. The researchers will ensure they reach a considerable number of their audience that truly represents the general market. As mentioned earlier, the researchers are not limited to the use of interviews as the only tool in their research but will also employ other tools and research instruments. Different research tools will cater for different audiences and needs, for instance, online surveys will be used to reach BP products’ consumers throughout the world while observation tool will be used in the local market to enable the researchers to get primary information regarding the response of the market to BP products (Karen & Ian 76). The researchers will use different methods on different demographic and psychographic groups. For instance, the researchers will use online surveys, web forums, and email to collect data from the youths, whereas they will use interviews and observation to collect data from elderly people. Where the target audience is unavailable physically, the researchers will carry out phone interviews to ensure they collect all necessary information to make the right conclusion and recommendations. In all these methods, there will be questions regarding the competitors, what should be done for BP as a company to compete effectively and ways in which BP management has failed in marketing their product. A deep analysis will be done on BP’s production and sales volumes over the years to determine the trend and the reasons behind the trend. This will help in the better understanding of the BP history, market share and ways to increase the market share. According to researchers, BP oil products are highly valued and widely used throughout the world. The wide range of produ
Background The United Kingdom is made up of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which form a constitutional monarchy with the Monarch being the head of state, and the prime minister being the head of government. Under this constitutional framework, the regional governments of Scotland and Wales, the executive of Northern Ireland, and the UK government exercise their respective executive powers. On the other hand, the UK government exercises the legislative powers in collaboration with the two chambers of the legislature, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Furthermore, the Northern Ireland, the Scottish, and the Welsh assemblies do also exercise their respective legislative powers. Moreover, the judiciary is independent of the legislature and the executive, and the Supreme Court of the UK forms the highest court (Ingle 3). Conversely, the UK political party system is made up of several political parties in which two major parties, the Conservative and the Liberal parties, control parliamentary politics and government business. In addition, the Labour party has since replaced the Liberal party as the second major party in the UK. Therefore, over the past few years, the parliamentary politics in the UK show the dominance of the Labour and the Conservative parties in forming either coalition or minority governments. Here, the two major parties have been enlisting the support of other nationalist or third parties to form the working majority (Bartle and Allen 4). As a result, the UK has other parties alongside the two major parties such as the Liberal Democrats, which was born out of the Liberal party joining forces with the Social Democratic Party in 1988. Other nationalist parties in the UK include Plaid Cymru in Wales (1925), the Scottish National Party (1934), the Democratic Unionist Party (1971) and the Ulster Unionist Party in Northern Ireland (Ingle 5). Therefore, it is arguably correct to describe the British political party system as a two-party system because this has been the case scenario in Britain since the 18 th Century through the post-war era (Webb 3). However, since the 1960s, several changes in the history of the British party system are notable, and therefore, the notion that the UK is made up of a two-party system is equally questionable. For instance, in the recent past, most third parties in the UK have shown the willingness to take up more seats during elections, and in some occasions, there has been an obvious change in electoral behavior. Additionally, the regional support for the Labour and Conservative parties is also declining significantly (Webb 4). As a result, this essay presents discussions for and against the notion that the UK is still made up of a two-party system. The classic two-party system in the UK According to Webb (3), a party system is an integral part of the settlement involving the political and institutional aspects of parliamentary politics. Here, the party system is classified relative to the arithmetical criterion such as
Growth hacking is a method in marketing that was established by technology startups that apply inventiveness, diagnostic rationality, and social metrics in order to retail goods and acquire disclosure. It could be viewed as a branch of the online advertising network, “as in many cases growth hackers are using techniques such as search engine optimization, website analytics, content marketing and A/B testing” (“The Definitive Guide to Growth Hacking” par. 2). Moreover, growth hackers aim their attention towards low-priced and groundbreaking replacements for outdated advertising, for example, exploiting social communications and viral advertising rather than purchasing public notices for sale by the means of more classical correspondence such as broadcasts, journals, and visual and audio entertainment. Growth hacking is predominantly significant for the establishment of the new ideas, as it permits for a “lean launch that focuses on growth first, budgets second. Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Airbnb, and Dropbox are all companies that use growth hacking techniques” (“Growth Hacking” par. 2). To my understanding, in contrast to the marketers, who conventionally are not as much of technical specialists, growth hackers pursue only one goal, which is to expand the organization where they work. This goal can be achieved by the means of a variation of strategies that are labeled ‘hacks’, due to an absence of better terms. These hacks usually are cheap and for the most cases entirely free; furthermore, they are intended to advance the viral constant. Ryan Holiday, the author of the ‘Growth Hacker Marketing’, has stated that the advertising issues that are currently confronting many startups are a separate budget that is dedicated specifically to advertising and a classical advertising experience. In order to replenish the absence of monetary funds and advertising background, growth hackers address advertising with an emphasis on novelty, invention, scalability, and the relations with users. Nonetheless, the representatives of growth hacking do not insulate the plan and the efficiency of the output from advertising. Growth hackers aim their efforts towards building the impending development and expansion of the production, including “user acquisition, onboarding, monetization, retention, and virality, into the product itsel
Daily advancements in technology meant that it was only a matter of time until people could vote online. Electronic voting, also known as e-voting, is a type of machine-mediated voting in which electors select candidates using a computer technology (Ottoboni & Stark, 2019). While some may find online casting questionable, this computerized approach is more trustworthy than using vote containers in elections, especially national elections. A modern man should be receptive to the revolutionary technologies and opportunities that electronic voting can deliver to multitudes of people in the United States and throughout the globe (Germann & Serdült, 2017). Although an online voting system has only been accessible to the public for a few years, it has the potential to significantly alter the election process in the future. As a result, this essay deconstructs some of the characteristics of online polling to demonstrate its significance. Accessibility and Easy to Use Electronic polling is available via various devices, including handsets, computers, and desktops, simplifying the voting procedure to a single click or touch on a touchscreen. As a result, voting can be monitored from any location (Adekunle, 2020). The days of spending a whole meeting attempting to determine a day when everybody would be in attendance for the election are over. For instance, if some citizens are on holiday, they can quickly enter the software from their beach chair and vote. As a result, this is also incredibly advantageous for a country with a vast population and with whom its people are located around the globe. Additionally, electronic voting alleviates the complexity of locating and renting several polling locations and the cost of a substantial percentage of mail votes (Adekunle, 2020). During voting sessions, all individuals may vote from the convenience of their homes. If a person has a connection to the desktop, smartphone, tablet, and wireless or other Internet connectivity, online voting is simplified. A ballot can be submitted with the press of a button, which is why this casting mode is so tempting to individuals with impairments; it allows autonomy. Citizens can make their selections whenever they choose, throughout the election period, and from any location, they wish, without requiring help (Adekunle, 2020). As a result, this presupposes that the person in consideration has an internet connection via a gadget they very certainly use daily. Finally, disabled or disadvantaged voters can use specialized software on their equipment to aid them in utilizing the internet (Johnson & Powell, 2020). One such application is the screen reading program, enabling users to comprehend what is displayed precisely (Johnson & Powell, 2020). Due to the generic nature of such technology, it would have no way of knowing if the knowledge displayed was correlated to elections, therefore processing it i
Introduction Gathering hypothesis is an evolutionary term that gives details on how people have changed gradually over generations. Tools in earlier times were primarily used for digging and harvesting crops and not for hunting. Later, people acquired complex tools, which they used to hunt, remove skin, and cut things. According to Mcburney et al. (1997), one of sources of proof in support of the gathering hypothesis is the good spatial memory of women. The scholars argue that women do better in jobs that are associated with recalling unlike their male counterparts who do better in rotation jobs. The theory of gathering and hunting on sex differences states that women’s knowledge and capability to understand things has gradually changed to suit gathering while men’s capability has evolved to suit hunting (Ecuyer-Dab & Robert, 2007). The differences in sex can be referred to as spatial abilities. However, results on spatial ability studies on men and women are normally conflicting. For instance, Ecuyer-Dab and Robert (2007) maintain that the degree of spatial ability is practical and that the difference in men and women in specific spatial test is big and strong. Based on their empirical research findings, Piccardi et al., (2008) argues that present findings show that women are good in some specific spatial jobs such as object location than men. The aim of this paper is to present a literature review on the conflicting findings of how evolutionary theories and social psychology theories explain sex differences in the gathering hypothesis. This aim is achieved by focusing on two main research questions. Do women truly have better object location skills relative to men? Do women do better in gathering as opposed to hunting that is associated with men? In the effort to provide ample response to these questions, it is hypothesized that women and men have spatial differences, which influence their abilities in participating in hunting and gathering, with neither of the two being suited for both tasks. Research Methodology This research paper uses literature review of peer-reviewed journals as the main research methodology. The selection of this research methodology is done in full awareness of the demerits of using secondary materials as sources of data for use in a research process. One of such drawbacks is the incapacity of the data to reflect current trends in a particular area of research. However, this demerit is addressed sufficiently through a careful selection of articles for review. Indeed, the journal articles chosen are peer reviewed. This means that requisite bodies of knowledge have already evaluated their quality and reliability in the presentation of data about the research in sex differences in the gathering hypothesis. In the context of this research, these bodies are social psychology and evolutionary theorists. S
“So Long a Letter” by Mariama Ba is a masterpiece of West African literature. This epistolary novel represents the problems of females in Senegal society that are marked with injustice and inequality. The men have all the power, and the women are deprived of any opportunities to express their attitudes or wishes. The author underlines the challenges a woman encounters in her life in an African country and the importance of her ability to withstand them employing the strength of a character. The form of the novel allows the author to employ some useful techniques to underline the self-reflection of the main heroine named Ramatoulaye. Designed in the form of a letter, it delivers first-hand information about the woman and her life in Senegal. At the beginning of her letter to the friend Aissatou, Ramatoulaye says that “confiding in others allays pain” (Ba 1). This correspondence with a dear person is her only opportunity to express her sincere inner feelings about her life and how she struggled through it. The awareness of the injustice toward women in African societies shows the main character’s power of knowledge that implies her resistant personality. The growing strength of Ramatoulaye’s character is shown in its progress from the beginning until the end of the novel. She acknowledges the unfairness of the Senegalese requirements for woman’s compliance with the rules of behavior where she has to “sacrifice her possessions” and life (Ba 4). The main heroine’s marriage and her husband’s betrayal reflect the general situation in post-colonial Africa. However, Ramatoulaye tells about the difficulties she overcame in life that helped her become stronger. Thus, Mariama Ba created a compelling character whose identity is reflected in the letter through her analysis of the everyday life of an ordinary African woman. Ramatoulaye’s personality is shown from within due to the particularities of the epistolary genre. In her letter, the main heroine tells the story of her life since her childhood memories until her present-time widowhood. The opportunity to share her experience and feelings with a close person empowers her self-reflection and shows the strength of her character. Work Cited Ba, Mariama. So Long a Letter. Heinemann, 1989.
The key issue of the policies regarding vulnerable populations is probably that they lack the integrity. While Medicaid was designed to ensure medical services for older adults, it works only in short-term periods. While anti-discrimination laws are expected to protect people of color and the LGBT community, they also fail to provide them with equal opportunities for healthcare and employment. In this connection, Ashley (2018) states that violence and harassment against transgender people can be called a pandemic. The author also adds that the current hate crime laws are ineffective as they cannot eliminate inequality. Instead, it is suggested to take an anti-neo-liberal legal reform approach and focus on radical activism. This requires considering trans realities and all spheres of society while designing and implementing new policies. However, it remains unclear whether such a radical approach would benefit all US citizens or not. As properly noted in your post, older adults, LGBT people, and people of color have a fundamental right to be treated equally regardless of their age, sexual orientation, and skin color. COVID-19 made the existing disparity even more evident. For example, the rate of death among African-Americans increased by six times due to various complications (Yancy, 2020). It is important to think differently to restructure the economic and social areas of the US society. Since the needs of this population are greater compared to the white communities, there is a need to ensure equitable allocation of healthcare resources to support them. One should call for prioritizing the targeted assessment of race-related health and social disparities to produce new policies. The expected results are a decrease in morbidity and mortality, improved housing and employment opportunities, as well as the elimination of discrimination.
The people of Mongol lived in Russia and Xinjiang, China. Notably, a common language and culture helped to unite this ethnic group. The Mongols were ruthless and brutal in their nature of conquest, and with the assistance of their leader, Chinggis Khan, they managed to carve out a large empire in Asia. The conquest made the Mongols control the region of North and Central Asia as they could exercise their authority over the neighboring communities. Moreover, the developed a network that crisscrossed the entire empire acted as a link between Europe and Asia. The developed infrastructure and the hospitable nature of the Mongols towards foreigners facilitated the trade among the artisans and European merchants with the Asian communities. In addition, the receptive nature and openness attitude of the Mongols eased the Europeans exploration of the Asian region in the 15th century. Evidently, the global history can be claimed to have begun with the Genghis Khan Conquest and control of central Asia and China. Even though the invasion led to the loss of lives, other effects such as trade expansion, creation of an international postal system and abolition of torture proved beneficial to the entire mass. Therefore, one can attribute the involvement of ordinary people into politics as a means of demanding their rights and equal treatment. The Ottoman Empire became one of the most powerful states in the late 13th century a
Introduction To begin with, it is necessary to mention, that the Ideas of Lenin Stalin, and Mao have the same origin – Marxism and the essence of communism stated in the communist manifesto by Marx. However, the circumstances of the epoch and the national particularities of both countries dictated their own rules; thus, the ideas were subjected to changes and adaptation. Discussion Originally, it should be emphasized that Lenin’s and Mao’s ideas are the closest to each other, as they were the most idealistic, and developed in more favorable circumstances than the ideas by Stalin. Lenin and Mao claimed for the initiation of the global proletariat revolution, which was aimed to set up socialistic regimes all over the world. It is clearly emphasized in the full compilation of Lenin’s works (vol 54, p, 232), that the war is the central and the most principal tool of the world proletariat. On the one hand, it would help to set up the socialistic regimes in capitalistic States; this would help to increase the power of world socialism and instill fear among imperialists. Moreover, war and battles would firm the spirit of the proletariat and the red army, which would help in achieving further victories. Stalin, in his turn, also supported the ideas of world revolution, however, he rejected the very idea of permanent revolution. On the one hand, the necessity to “tidy up” his own country was prevailing, on the other hand, the circumstances made the very idea of world revolution impossible. Thus, during his early ruling, he claimed that the revolution is necessary and inevitable, however, he needed to clean the ruling apparatus in order to avoid further problems, and leave only the most devoted members of the party. The beginning of World War II ruined all his plans, and the idea of revolution was no longer suitable and acceptable. The division of the world into confronting camps and the appearance of the steel curtain finally formed the appearance of the post-war world. As for the ideas by Mao, it is necessary to mention that he claimed to get the socialistic world back to world revolution without taking into account that the USA and other imperialistic states had strong positions, and could give a solid response to any aggressive actions. He accused Nikita Khrushchev of opportunism, as the USSR no longer wished to lead the war, and Mao accused it of betrayal of the views of Lenin Marx, and Stalin. Mao did everything to avoid arranging “Stalin’s” repressions in China, as he extruded everyone who could interrupt the implications of his ideas to Taiwan and promoted the setting of the favorable conditions in South East Asian states for the proletariat revolutions. Conclusion Finally, it is necessary to mention that the similarity of these ideas was initially impossible, as the different mentality of Russian and Chinese people required different approaches towards the allover performance of the implementation process. The international affairs dictated their own conditions, and the nece