ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The poem “Dulce et Decorum Est” was written by Wilfred Owen during World War I, describing the experiences of soldiers in the trenches. The rich history behind this piece provides the reader with an even greater understanding of the scene Owen was trying to portray. The most noticeable aspect of the poem is the meticulous grotesque imagery used to describe the horrors of war. As one reads the poem, there is a sense of dread and horror that fills the mind of the reader with experiences of war. The tone of the poem is dark, attempting to showcase the realities of war which are far from the glorious moments seen in films and propaganda. From the very beginning, the poem has no established rhythm as the iambic pentameter is broken. The structure of the poem is meant to be disjointed as symbolism for the broken psychological state of the soldiers, which “began to trudge” and “limped on.” The author uses a variety of literary devices and diction to emphasize his message. Assonance and metaphors are present throughout, hiding subtle references and symbolism. Word choice is noticeable immediately as the vocabulary seems to be out of place for a poem about war. There is a focus on the hopelessness and misery of the soldiers, as the author chooses to include words such as “beggars” and “cursed” that have specific connotations. Civilians that have never experienced war may be more familiar with the imagery of poverty that the word choice expresses. The author attempts to bridge the gap between fantasy and reality for the people who endeavor to prolong the horrible war. Initially, the reader may feel as if the author’s intentions are anti-war, but in the last line, Owen inserts “pro-Patria mori,” which means “to die for one’s country” in reference to the title, which translates as “it is sweet and honorable.” The poem becomes an anthem for the Great War, genuinely respecting the suffering which the servicemen experienced.
Introduction Although interpretations of such a term as a progressive person may differ substantially, not solely from culture to culture, but even from one individual to another, there are certain overlap points. Specifically, the vast majority would agree that progressive people advocate for innovative ideas and frequently insist on adapting the rules that regulate the life of the society to recent trends. In political terms, progressivism is a movement that seeks to provide every member of society with a possibility to grow, self-actualize, and accomplish his or her goals. This paper examines and comments on the progressive ideology that President Theodore Roosevelt offered, notably presents its basic concepts, analyzes its goals, and describes its achievements. Main body It is worth noting that, according to Roosevelt, a progressive person is optimistic by definition. This means expecting the most favorable scenarios in every situation and never ceasing to search for possible improvements (Kakwata, 2017). In addition, the key role of the progressive lies in addressing the problems of the other, for which reason they are to remain enthusiastic and inspiring under any circumstances. A collective image of a progressive individual, therefore, involves a readiness to change society for the better through equality initiatives, free services, and other useful solutions. On the contrary, anti-progressive people apparently are those who oppose the above way of development. Such a definition, however, is excessively generalized, which encouraged P
Throughout history, humans employ various tools and devices that can enhance their physical self. Nowadays, technology and virtual space serve to empower our mental self that does not only modify our behavior but also changes the way people perceive the surrounding world. The tight relationship between humans and technology is evident because more and more people are united through social networks and internet websites. Technology takes the leading role in shaping people’s identity by presenting various performances online and developing new selves. A shift from face-to-face interaction to online communication also alters the techniques by which individuals control the impression they have on other people. Particular attention should be given to the purpose we have while communicating through such famous networks as FaceBook and Twitter because there are several digital devices, including an avatar, gaming, and instant messaging that characterize people’s actual intentions and promote their second identity. While interacting online, people strive to create new, idealized versions of themselves, which is impossible to restore in reality. They can change their avatars, exchange ideas, and express their opinions about specific statements. While acting in a virtual space, there is an opportunity to conceal the side of the character that you want to keep a secret and, vice versa, it is a good chance to demonstrate the strong qualities of your personality. Hence, technology can be compared with a kind of accessories using which individuals complement their images. Interacting in a virtual space allows me to be in close touch with my friends, relatives, and colleagues, which is impossible to control while communicating in a real life. Therefore, social networks provide me with a sense of connection with the community. What is more important, it allows me to create the image that I would like other people to perceive, but not the one that is controlled by a social medium. It amplifies the strongest attributes of my personality and shapes the best features of my identity. While communicating online, I prefer using the username YLKZ on a second life as a symbol of my girlfriend and me being together. Hence, when I am not with my girlfriend, the Internet creates the feeling of being always together with her. My avatar on Facebook also represents our profile to let everybody know that I am not alone and that I am happy. At the same time, my second life profile depicts an ugly robot, which is completely different from my actual representation. I believe that choosing this profile is just for entertainment. Besides, it makes me different from other avatars and profiles posted online. Hence, it can be concluded that close interaction with online technology makes people believe more in the fact that the Internet is the reality itself. Such
Introduction Ethics are internationally recognized as a significant aspect of nurses’ work. In their daily activities, healthcare providers are faced with clinical issues and dilemmas related to decisions. Multidisciplinary collaboration can also raise questions on professional conduct and scope of role in providing patient-centered care. Simply defined, ethics are principles and values regarding defect human behavior and the moral norms that are acceptable for a specific occupational group when dealing with ambiguous situation. The rationale for establishing ethical conduct is to prevent and avoid harm to self and others. Nurses need to integrate values from social cultural groups, lived experiences, codes of conducts and court rulings in their daily practice. Nurses are often confronted with choices that they need to make daily. Ethical issues often arise when the answers are not clear and none of the options is ideal. The nurse may want to make a decision but the institutional restrictions make it impossible to do what they think is best. The results of such mental constraints are moral distress of the professional caregiver, which can further lead to declined patient care and constrained clinical relationships. The central problem is that the nurse thinks that they know what to do in a specific context but are not able or permitted to proceed. A good grasp of the nurses’ code of ethics can be useful in making decisions that are consistent with the quality of care and the obligation to the profession. However, there is paucity of studies that have been conducted on the topic. The research question for this paper is: For nurses working in a clinical setting, do accurate knowledge and interpretation of the nursing code of ethics, compared to ignorance of the code, result in less instances of moral dilemma? This paper provides a detailed annotation of some of the sources that will be included in writing this topic. Annotation of Selected Sources Rainer, J., Schneider, J. K., & Lorenz, R. A. (2018). Ethical dilemmas in nursing: An integrative review. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(19-20), 3446–3461. Web. The background research of this source revealed that there are plenty of studies that have explored the concept of ethical dilemma in nursing practice. Similarly, many researchers have focused on the consequences of such moral issues on the profession. However, from the literature review it was apparent that there is paucity of credible sources that can guide ways of solving the dilemma. Therefore, the objective of the study is to find out the gaps and themes in that can enhance development of decision-making strategies for clinical nurses experiencing ethical dilemmas. This was an integrative review that included published research on related topic from 2000 to 2017. Various databases were searched including CINAHL, OVID, SCOPUS, and OVID. Thirty-five sources were retained and synthesized using the Garrard’s matrix. Findings indicate that moral dilemmas arise in different circumstances
A groupware is computer software that is devised to help people who engage in doing the same task to reach their goals. Individuals may not be in the same locality, but they are connected by the Internet. Data is accessed remotely, which is retrieved and modified by distributed workgroups, and this creates collaborative workgroups. This paper focuses on the most important things to do in the implementation of a groupware in an organization: these include collaboration through communication, process analysis and justification, and training and people involvement. Hills (2008) argues that groupware balances communication and conversation. Communication between the group members is essential because it allows transfer of ideas from one person in a different locality to another; information can be exchanged in a well organized manner. When devising a groupware, it is important to build both formal and informal communication channels. Groupware helps to make communication easy, clearer, and faster. This technology makes communication possible even to the places that it would not be possible. It enables telecommuting where people are able to save travel costs and consolidate different ideas in discussions and expertise because it enables the formation of groups with the same interest, and with different outlooks on problem solving rather than meeting face to face (Bruce, 2008). Additionally, groupware supports the people that make a team, especially in decision making process. Teams are composed of members from different countries and continents and some even use different languages. Brainstorming is important because it facilitates exchange of ideas. Groupware also supports multi user editing of documents with white boards and chats, and collaborative media software also allows simultaneous users to make and build information in a website. Similarly, Strom (n.d) affirms that process analysis and justification of change is also important when designing a groupware. This is because these processes should be designed with the goal of supporting system usage and improving the processes, the costs involved and plans are laid down to meet the goals and objectives of an organization (Miller, n.d). All the group members should be able to understand that the new system is meant to improve their work. In designing of the system, users evaluate the system model in real work practice so that further developments can be made according to users experience or further needs. Cooperation of the group members is essential because they are the end users. Groupware will be successful only when employees agree to use it. This may sometimes fail because employers may use them to downsize or to replace employees, and those who remain may fear job loss and become insecure. The organization should make the employee to understand that the implementation of the groupware is meant to help them. The concept of sharing is important and it is essential to train people because some may resist. This re
I agree with you that the past several weeks were filled with important educational insights that are necessary for students of healthcare administration. As for me, knowing the basics of ethical decision-making and globalization is particularly crucial for our future career. Scholars emphasize the significance of business ethics as a possible way of avoiding workplace dilemmas (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2015). The ability to notice and resolve complicated business ethics issues is considered as a major requirement for the 21-st-century organizations (Ferrell et al., 2015). Thus, it is viable to remark that not a single company will survive if it does not know how to cope with internal and external problems. To make ethical decision-making easier, different approaches are proposed by specialists. Schwartz (2017) offers an integrated ethical decision-making (EDM) model that includes two major elements: the process and the variables that affect decision making. The EDM process involves four constituents: “awareness,” “judgment,” “intention,” and “action” (Schwartz, 2017, p. 60). A particularly prominent place in this model is given to impediments as the potential means of interfering with moral judgment. Thus, it is possible to conclude that every other situation requires a unique decision-making approach. Another important theme that we analyzed during the course was globalization. Whereas this process is reported to have a positive impact on organizations’ development, globalization can also pose threats to progress (Maswood, 2018). The process of integrated internationalization has altered the way in which many companies lead their business by creating challenges in such spheres as the competitive advantage and mortgage (Maswood, 2018). Thus, it is necessary to be very cautious when implementing change in order to avert limitations and reach the desired advantage.
Abstract The 20 th century has witnessed a lot in the medical field. The coming into existence of deadly diseases and the escalation of the already existing epidemics, to name but a few, are some of the key characteristics of this century. One such disease that has caused much suffering to the human race is Tuberculosis whose rates of infection have greatly increased ever since it was discovered in the late 19 th century. Introduction Tuberculosis was also known as TB is a disease that mostly affects the lungs. The infection is known in scientific terms as tubercle bacillus is a deadly disease caused by a mycobacteria infection most commonly the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MedicineNet, 1996)). The bacteria was first isolated by a German named Robert Koch in 1882. Though it affects the lungs it is not uncommon for it to attack the central nervous system, lymphatic system, reproduction system, and circulatory system. The disease can also be caused by other mycobacteria like Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium Canetti. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a third of the world is currently under the scourge of this disease. WHO further estimates that the disease is being transmitted at the rate of one person per second. Material and methods The bacteria that causes TB is very contagious as is easily transmitted via air. For instance, when an infected person coughs or sneezes the disease-causing bacteria is transmitted to any person who inhales the air potent with the bacteria. On average if left untreated a carrier will infect twelve people in a year. The TB bacteria generally weakens the immune system of its patient thus making them more prone to other infections. When the inhaled bacteria enter the lungs, they multiply and cause lung infection for example pneumonia. It may also attack the lymph nodes associated with the lungs and thus inflaming them. The bacteria may further spread to other parts of the body. The body’s immune mechanism can and often does fight the infection and stop its progression. The immune system does this by isolating the bacteria from the body. This it does by forming scar tissue around the TB bacteria. The isolation ensures the bacteria stays in an inactive state and thus containing its activities. Such individuals exhibit no symptoms and cannot spread TB. The process of calcification makes the scars harder and the scars appear as small, round stones referred to as granuloma. TB is a very common infection as it records over seven million new cases in one calendar year. It is quite true that anyone can be attacked by bacteria. But certain situations make one more vulnerable to the bacteria. First being in constant with persons who are infected makes one more vulnerable for example nursing a TB patient. Secondly, living in unhealthy conditions for example poor and homeless people generally weakens your immune system leaving you vulnerable. Next, people born in countries with a high prevalence of TB are generally mor
Introduction The economic and financial systems of the United States, as well as the country’s production sphere, got out of the crisis of 2008-2009 relatively easily and quickly, demonstrating the highest vitality among developed countries. This refers, first of all, to the manufacturing industry of the country. At the same time, in the last 10-15 years, the United States also had been experiencing a certain loss of world leader position in product manufacturing industry. It is especially significant in the segment of advanced, knowledge-intensive industries and high technologies. Several studies show that the industry is not facing cyclical downturns, rather, it has to deal yet with long-term structural problems. However, despite the existing issues, the United States remain the most highly productive and powerful industrial country in the world, as well as the largest market for high-tech goods and services. This paper analyzes the state and prospects for the development of the manufacturing industry of the U.S. in a global perspective. Global Structure and Dynamics of the Industry The modern U.S. manufacturing industry is a large diversified complex, which includes more than 350 thousand of enterprises producing various products in a wide range of industrial activities. The core of the national manufacturing industry always were the intersectional complexes of high-tech and science-intensive branches, which also define the country’s international competitiveness and innovative focus. Eriksson et al. (2021) demonstrate within their study that “the evolution of manufacturing in the United States follows a within-county product cycle pattern” (p. 43). The manufacturing industry in the U.S. includes 21 sectors, consisting of 86 sub-sectors with enterprises in them, which employ tens of thousands of people. The main trend in manufacturing industry in the United States of the last 10-15 years remains such: an overall growth in volume of production amid a decrease in the share industries in GDP. Additionally, there was a reduction in the number of enterprises and employment with a growth in labor productivity, and a decrease in investment activity in some high-tech segments. These trends are long-term in nature and were the result of a number of factors. Primarily automation and robotization of production have been the most influencing, but there also was a relative decline in world industrial prices for goods and an outstripping growth demand for services. Global Production The international competitiveness of any country or company is characterized by the two most important indicators: the share in world commodity markets and its dynamics changes. For example, in 2008 and 2009, there was a resounding drop in production volumes in the U.S. manufacturing industry. This allowed China then to overtake the United States in that sector and advance from 4 th place to the 1 st in absolute values ​​and the world share of manufacturing industry. Eriksson et al. (2021) s
Abstract Purpose The goal of the paper is to examine the phenomenon of workplace stress and its relation to the organizational performance of employees in the UAE context. The problem of workplace stress has been in existence for a while in the UAE setting due to the rise in the demand for quality and the lack of opportunities for employees to meet the increasing workload. Therefore, there is the need to deploy an in-depth analysis of the problem and study the connection between different stress management tools and the quality of organizational performance among employees. Research Design To explore the issue in-depth, a qualitative method was used. The phenomenological research design allowed us to explore the problem in-depth and develop a proper understanding thereof. With a sample of 10 studies, the phenomenon of organizational performance, as well as the problems associated with stress management, were scrutinized. Findings The outcomes of the analysis indicate that the tools aimed at reducing the levels of stress among employees have to be focused on both individual and external factors. Companies will have to combine individual consultations with a general framework for improving workplace conditions and offering staff members educational and career-related opportunities. As a result, a gradual increase in performance rates and the management of workplace stress will become possible. Problem The phenomenon of stress in the workplace setting has become prevailing over the past few decades. The reasons for the observed problem to take place include mostly the rise in the amount of data that employees have to manage on a regular basis and the ensuing increase in the responsibility and workplace pressure (Al Mazrouei, Al Faisal, Hussein, El Sawaf, & Wasfy, 2015b). Therefore, the phenomenon of workplace stress has gained a profound effect on the quality of performance in the organizational setting, causing an increase in errors, instances of miscommunication, and turnover rates (Al Mazrouei et al., 2015b). Herein lies the importance of the research and urgency to address the situation and explore various stress management approaches and their effect on employees’ organizational performance. Thus, the research question that this study seeks to answer is what stress management strategies can be utilized to enhance the organizational performance of staff members, as well as how to improve the current stress management frameworks to handle the core of the problem. This paper is structured to contain a literature review followed by an explanation of methodology and the analysis of the results. The paper ends with a conclusion and recommendations for the UAE business setting. Literature Review The connection between workplace stress and organiz