ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The consumption of the planet’s natural resources and overpopulation are among the most sensitive topics discussed by scientists today. In his mini-lecture on exponential growth, David Suzuki, a famous environmental activist, claims that human society is gradually running out of resources needed for all people’s survival. He illustrates this point, using an example of the bacteria in a test tube that double every minute. Nowadays, there is some division of opinions when it comes to the details of this issue. In general, everyone agrees that the planet cannot expand and produce more resources than possible (Cumming). However, there are claims that the problem is caused by the nature of consumption instead of the growing number of people (Cumming). In his example, David Suzuki applies the concept of steady and exponential growth to humanity. At the same time, according to the UN’s data on this issue, the current rate of population increase is much lower than, for instance, in the 1960s (Cumming). The same is true for fertility rates that continue to decrease (Cumming). Thus, not all researchers agree with Suzuki’s projections about the amount of time left. Despite that, the need to decrease the consumption of natural resources is widely discussed today. Based on the findings published by the Global Footprint Network, the planet’s natural resources that humanity needs for twenty months are consumed almost two times faster – in seven months (Berke). This information aligns with Suzuki’s hypothesis about the speed of resource depletion on Earth. In modern research, the ways to prevent the catastrophic consequences of population growth are discussed concerning childbirth restrictions and women’s access to contraceptives, especially in developing countries (Berke). Thus, in his lecture, Suzuki raises a significant problem that is recognized by the global scientific community. Works Cited Berke, Jeremy. “One of the Largest Banks Issues an Alarming Warning that Earth is Running out of the Resources to Sustain Life.” Business Insider . 2018, Web. Cumming, Vivien. “How Many People Can Our Planet Really Support?” BBC . 2016, Web.
Introduction Copyright piracy refers to the infringement of copyrights, or, in other words, piracy in terms of illegal copying and distribution of software, music, and films. It is seen that the original copyright holders stand to lose economically and reputation-wise since cheaper editions of their works are available at lower rates in the marketplace, constraining them to take legal action to protect their business interests. In a recent Canadian court decision, it was seen that the Court handed over 60 days imprisonment and fines to the proprietor of the firm, which was found guilty, on the count of commercially distributing illegal copies of reputed software programs. The judge considered ” the harmful impact piracy has on the Canadian economy, legal jobs and businesses, in imposing a custodial sentence and this will likely be a very important factor in future sentences handed down.”(Microsoft: 2008: Microsoft Canada Co. and Symantec Corp. Welcome a Recent Court Decision in the Fight against Software Piracy. Impact of software piracy on the US economy It is necessary for this study to consider the impact of software piracy on the US economy and also what steps need to be taken for resolving the issue according to law. It is seen that software piracy is a major problem in the US, “and it is to be believed that nearly 25% of the computers using Americans are now using duplicate software. It is also seen that 37% of the business software sold globally reaches $12 Billion, which equates to 15% of the total generated by the industry. It is seen that nearly 97% of the software available in Vietnam and nearly 94% in China are not original but dupes or copies. (Mike Magee in Incisive Media Investments Ltd : 2008: The Inquirer: Software piracy in Asia exposed. Further, it is also seen that for every one piece of software identified and seized, there are nearly four pieces in the marketplace waiting to be sold and distributed. Thus it is seen that finding solutions to the menace of software piracy is more real than apparent, in more menacing proportions, than what it is lead to believe to be. Need for enforcing and deploying robust laws It is necessary that robust criminal and civil laws need to be put into place which could effectively deal with the menace of software piracy. These could take the form of civil and criminal penalties, enforcement laws, and also rooting out the funding of these software piracy systems. The fear of imprisonment and stiff penalties may go a long way in rooting out the menace of software piracy from its very roots and install discipline a
Introduction The American marketing association defines marketing as “the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producer or seller to the consumer or user” (Ravald & Groenroos 1996, p. 23). Kotler defines it as “the satisfaction of human needs and wants through exchange” (Kotler 1972, p. 48). Drucker says that “marketing comprises a system of business activities designed to plan, price, promote and distribute products and services to the present and potential consumer segments” (Achrol & Kotler 1999, p. 149). Drucker adds that “marketing is the whole business seen from the customer’s point of view” (Achrol & Kotler 1999, p. 150). Organizations carry out marketing strategies, and they could do this with or without their knowledge. This can be seen in the police department of the U.S., which introduces a ‘win friends and influence people’ campaign in an effort to uplift their image. A marketing paradigm shows the way the marketing is conducted by a set of different procedures and attitudes (Achrol & Kotler 1999). The Core Concepts of Marketing According to Kotler (1979), the starting point for the discipline of marketing lies in humans’ needs and wants. This is fundamentally the foundation of realizing success in marketing. Needs A human need is a state of deprivation of some basic consumption. Examples include hunger, shelter and safety issues. These needs exist within our biological makeup. Wants The above-mentioned things should be satisfied as they are deeper needs. These wants are influenced by the environmental factors. Therefore, they are continually shaped and reshaped by social forces and institutions, such as churches, schools, families and business corporations. For example, different people can satisfy their need for transport differently because this may depend on where they are. Similarly, people from different environments satisfy the need for food differently. Demands When one wants something specific, this must always be coincide with his/her ability to afford it. Therefore, wants become demands when they are accompanied by purchasing power. Many people may want bread but some may appear unable to buy it. In marketing, companies “must measure not only how many people want their product, but also how many would actually be willing and able to buy it” (Kotler 2000, p. 6). Marketers do not create needs but influence wants. For instance, marketers suggest that a Mercedes-Benz vehicle would satisfy our needs for social status. However, they do not create the desire to gain that social status. Marketers try to influence demand by making the products attractive, affordable and easily available (Andersen & Narus 1999). Products People satisfy their needs and wants through purchasing products. Therefore, a product is a thing that can be used to satisfy them. The product can be tangible (such as a TV-set, soap, car or pen) or intangible (such as transporting or cleaning). People buy physical product in order to derive benefits f
Human beings can be divided into two main categories. Firstly, there are those who are considered to be fully engaged because they tend to be proactive. On the other hand, there are those who have been alienated by the world because they have passive characteristics (Ryan and Deci 77). The authors of the article note that the main influencing factor that leads to grouping of human being is the social aspect of life which they face on a daily basis. In addition, the social contextual conditions have been studied in most researches that dwell on self determination theory. The latter theory attempts to describe how self motivation and self determination can be established in the character of an individual. It is also imperative to mention that self motivation often lead to self determination even though both processes are independent of each other. In addition, these processes are natural and largely emanate from the genetic makeup of an individual. Needless to say, a healthy psychological development is a major attribute that underlines self determination. Persons who are intrinsically motivated tend to be brave enough and can go through several odds with much ease (Ryan and Deci 69). In spite of the invaluable role played by personal wellbeing, self-regulation and intrinsic motivation, there are myriads of factors that often work for and against the aforementioned attributes. In other words, there are setbacks and enhancing factors that influence the strength of these attributes in human beings. Moreover, there are three key and intrinsic psychological needs according to findings obtained from various research studies. These needs include relatedness, autonomy and competence. When these three psychological needs are satisfied, they lead to improved mental health and enhanced self-motivation. On the other hand, poor mental wellbeing and diminished motivation are the main negative effects when the aforementioned needs are thwarted (Ryan and Deci 75). In addition, it is worth to mention that these psychological needs play integral roles in various human domains. This implies that all the domains of life are influenced by one or more of the psychological needs stated in the article. Nonetheless, the authors are quite categorical on the type of each influence. It is also quite phenomenal to mention that there may be other localized or environmental factors that may affect self-determination of an individual. The authors of the article are apparently insinuating that self-determination is determined by innate traits per se. Although this claim may be authentic to some extent, it is justified to explore other environmental factors that are equally instrumental in affecting personal determination towards challenges in life. Hence, it is highly recommendable that future research studies should broaden the scope of this study to include non-genetic factors that influence self-determination. From the above summary, the following discussion questions are vital in understanding the discourse on human psychology as elaborated in the article:  1. Discuss the human nature of motivation.
The role of education in the social development is significant because the changes in the education sphere can influence not only the aspects of the people’s everyday life and social status but also their occupation and economic status. The Cultural Revolution in China of 1966-1977can be discussed as the catalyst and process which changed the history of the Chinese society significantly. All the economic and social spheres of the community’s development were reformed with references to changing the traditional visions of the Chinese people. The Communist ideals promoted by Mao Zedong became to play the key role in determining the principles of the Chinese people’s life in relation to their education and labor. Different ideological techniques used by the Communists were chosen as the means of the Cultural Revolution in order to affect the society. That is why, there is a range of ideas on the impact of the Cultural Revolution on education and its role within the society. The strategies of the Cultural Revolution affected the development of the Chinese society notably, and it is important to learn what impact the Cultural Revolution had on the sphere of education in China during the period of the 1960s-1970s. Although researchers propose different views to answer the question, the general impact of the Cultural Revolution on the education in China during the 1960s-1970s can be discussed as negative because of the strong connection of education and agricultural growth instead of improving education independently, the focus on economic benefits of reforms, and because of provoking the interrupted education. The discussion of this argument is important to analyze the effects of the Cultural Revolution directly on education, without references to the economic sphere. The perspectives from which it is possible to discuss the role of the Cultural Revolution in the progress of the education sphere in China are various that is why researchers are inclined to evaluate the consequences of the Cultural Revolution for education regarding different outcomes and priorities. From this point, many researchers focus on the positive features and outcomes of the Cultural Revolution for reforming the sphere of education in China according to the Communist standards. The other scholars choose not to conclude about the consequences directly, and their positions can be considered as uncertain. To see the complete picture of the process depending on different viewpoints in order to evaluate the outcomes, it is necessary to concentrate on various discussions of the question. Thus, according to Han, the Cultural Revolution had the positive effect on education because of increasing the number of schools and improving the school curricula in relation to the local needs of the rural territories (Han 60). The improvements and revisions in the curriculum led to the rapid educational expansion and to providing more educational oppo
Qualitative and mixed-method studies are valuable for nursing practitioners to retrieve sufficient evidence. The issue identified in the practicum site is that the number of impoverished patients who skip the follow-up appointments increases. Various studies that discuss the correlation between socio-economic, healthcare quality factors, and willingness to attend the additional visit exist, and the recent pandemic made the topic more urgent (Alshak et al., 2021). The article “Negative impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health service access and follow-up adherence for immigrants and individuals in socio-economic difficulties” by Aragona et al. discusses the follow-up visits. This paper aims to appraise the selected study and assess its potential application for future practice. The number of skipped follow-ups increased due to the lockdowns; however, the cases where the repeated appointment is crucial, such as mental disorders treatment, still existed. The purpose of the study was to reveal the pandemic’s impact on outpatient services for migrants and patients in socio-economic difficulties and estimate how these factors influence follow-up attendance (Aragona et al., 2020). The research raised the critical question of the need for equal quality of healthcare for everyone and identified the challenges due to the COVID-19 lockdowns. The research was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study that allowed the scientists to retrieve the pre-pandemic data and compare it to the recent statistics. The mental health outpatient visits data were retrieved for each February and March between 2017 and 2020 to identify the one-month follow-up (Aragona et al., 2020). Patients’ records were studied to retrieve their socio-economic status and calculate the percentage of the most vulnerable populations. The cross-sectional design allowed the researchers to observe the prevalence of skipped follow-ups among the immigrants and patients with socio-economic difficulties, proving the existence of the attendance issue. The sampling of the selected study is relatively narrow, yet it allowed the researchers to conduct a detailed data analysis and was sufficient to identify the tendencies for follow-up visits. The 286 patients were chosen because they attended the psychiatric interview in February and March of 2017-2020, and the February group was the baseline population (Aragona et al., 2020). During sampling, sociodemographic data and diagnoses were also considered to increase the scope of evidence retrieved from the research (Spector, 2019). As the study is retrospective, the primary data collection method was patient records’ analysis and categorization to retrieve the trends. The findings submitted the growing challenge of skipped follow-up visits and revealed that socio-economic difficulties influence patients’ attendance aside from the pandemic-related complications. Ar
Executive Summary Company Name The name of the company should be changed to Columbia Roxx. The name has been suggested due to several reasons. First, the name echoes where the drink is coming from and will resonate with a specific group of people. Secondly, the name “Roxx” has been retained to highlight the best way to serve the drink. Thirdly, the company targets a regional market. In turn, the name suggests an inter-regional reach. Mission Roxx Water Company produces sparkling water which comes in specific flavors that target different consumer needs. Vision The company focuses on being a leading regional producer of flavored sparkling water. Quality, customer satisfaction, and strong corporate governance are the pillars of that inspire Roxx Water Company in its bid to climb into high echelons in the beverage industry. Product Roxx Water Company is a company that produces a line of sparkling water. The company products come in a variety of flavors, which range from vanilla to strawberry. Strawberry is the company’s signature flavor. Marketing Methods Roxx Water Company will rely on both digital and traditional (tradigital) marketing methods to improve its market share. Tradigital marketing methods are pegged on digital and traditional marketing methods. The former will involve using social media platforms and a fully customized company website that will be on the first page of the Google search engine. Traditional methods of advertising that will be employed include TV and radio ads, billboards, and posters. Strategic Position The best strategic position for Columbia Roxx is the low price strategy. To implement the strategic position, the company should revise the prices of their drinks. Currently, the pricing of the Columbia Roxx is higher compared to those of competitors such as Coca-Cola. Beverage Industry Trends The bottled water industry is a fast-growing industry and has grown by 6.4% in the last two years. The increase translates to 15 billion US dollars, and according to forecasts, the beverage industry is set to increase even further by 2020. As of 2016, bottled water was listed as the 2nd largest beverage category after carbonate drinks concerning sales volumes and revenue generated by leading industry brands (Statista, 2016). The stated figure estimates that each person consumed 36.3 gallons. Further, analysts have predicted that shortly, bottled water will replace carbonated drinks such as soda in the not so distant future because most consumers consider bottled water as healthier alternatives to other forms of beverages (“Bottled Water Market,” 2016). Hence, bottled water is slowly overtaking the carbonated soft drinks (CSD) industry. Methods of Distribution/User Reach Rox
Marketing Plan Tootsie Roll Industries is a company that has been in the market for quite a long period of time. From the operation procedures it has embraced since it started the operation it has prospered well in the market. In enhancing superior operation and for it to remain competitive in the market, the industry has been compelled to have a marketing plan which will enable it have quality marketing strategies. From the corporate principles, it is very evident that the company is very unique on how it handles its employees (Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc. 2009) The marketing plan which the industry should embrace from this is that it should be able to retain those employees who are very competitive in their line of duty. It will be able to retain them by having employees’ welfare which will involve, good salaries, besides offering favorable environment for them. Tootsie industries are future-oriented as it is not aimed on immediate results, it would therefore be essential for the company to lay down operation strategies and goals which are also future-oriented. In Its strategy, the company embraces ethics which is of high standards and also reliable. Code of ethics is compatible with the operations of the business. This is justified by the fact that the industry has already codified this in its memorandum. As it has been justified from the industries annual report, in 2009, Tootsie was able to execute its sales and marketing procedures to a greater number of its customers as compared to the year 2009 as outlined by the New York Stock Exchange. Therefore, the industry should be very strategic on the targeted customers it aims to reach. The marketing plan in this case should aid the company in having a frequent supply of it is products and thus empty their retail shelves. The industry is able to produce and sell a wide and variety of products. Therefore, the industry initiates a strategy that aims at making the branding of its product to be highly recognized and popular in the marketing field. In enhancing its market base, Tootsie employs a variety of distribution channels. The middlemen in this case are aimed at distributing the products to all the places which are not accessible to other competitive industries. Another strategy that the company embraces is having an advanced packaging and display of its products. The products are unique and different from the competing industries. In realizing this, the industry should also go for the viable, affordable and reliable advertising procedures and media and this should be within the reach of the industry. The marketing plan might be a difficult objective to be incorporated and initiated and thus may call upon the