ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Racism began to take effect in America from as early as in the 1920s. Americans had started getting quite uncomfortable with the black immigrants. They began to oppose the entry of black people into their country in disguise as a purification process (Jones). In order to do this, they formed two groups, which included the White Anglo Saxon Protestant W.A.S.P., and the Ku Klux Klan K.K.K. (Winders). The former engaged legal processes in their effort to stop black immigrants from entering the country by persuading the Congress to pass laws, which hampered the entry of black immigrants. On the other hand, the KKK an informal organization which engaged force and physical coercion to drive people whom they deemed as a threat to the United States the Negroes being among them (Grosfoguel). The Ku Klux Klan According to Murphy, hatred leveled against the Jews, Catholics, and immigrants intensified as the membership of the Ku Klux Klan escalated rapidly in 1924 (63). Simmons, the founder of the Ku Klux Klan made the organization a 100% American organization (Murphy, 1990). The new Klan justified their position pretending to be working in the best interest of the American people. The World War I had a major influence on the increase of immigrants in the United States of America. This was due to the labor shortage caused by war hence creating an unprecedented demand for labor and more importantly cheap labor. Black people regarded as a breed of slaves formed the most suitable candidates for the increasing manual labor in the factories. The KKK was an anti-African-American organization that vowed zero tolerance the black community living in the south. The organization generated fear among the black community by burning their churches, raping the women, committing murder upon the black community, as well as castrating the males. This operation was so fierce that even the white population that did not support the illegal victimization of the black immigrants could not express their concerns for fear of attacks. However, it was during this period that America experienced immense growth in terms of urbanization and technology. Major cities emerged during this period and so did the number of immigrants. The level of violence and lynching The black population suffered greatly under the hands of Americans who were fighting to establish the White Anglo Saxon Protestant ‘W.A.S.P’. The Americans l
Proposal In the US, 15.1% of the total population lived under poverty, and the total number of people living under the poverty line was estimated to be 46.2 million (US Census Bureau, 2013). The poverty rate in the US is the highest since 1965. Low-income families in the US were 10.4 million in 2011, which is 31.2% of the working families in the country (US Census Bureau, 2013). The richest 20% of the population took away 48% of the total income, while the lowest 20% took only 5% of the income in the US (US Census Bureau, 2013). Therefore, a large share of 47% of the income is present in the US, which goes to the middle 60% of the population. A comparison of the US savings with that of China showed that in 2005 the Chinese saved 32% of their income while an average American saved only 2% of his income (Jin, 2012). This discrepancy provided a huge opportunity to induce potential earners to invest, as recent trends have shown that there has been a considerable fall in the spending and consumption pattern of Americans. Therefore, many Americans with low savings and low income can save a good amount of their income for retirement. As a rule of thumb, anybody above the poverty line can try to save 10% of their income. Assuming this, we propose the setting up of the micro-investment company. Prism Microfinance Investment Service is a microfinance company that helps in planning and investment to small individual investors. The aim of the company is to provide access to finance and investment even to the poorest section of society. This service will help the low-income economic class to save as well as invest their money and expect good returns. Therefore, the business will operate in the US, catering to the urban poor. The reason for undertaking this business plan is to help the increasing number of urban poor in the US to invest, for they usually do not get an opportunity to invest with the bigger banks or financial service providers. The main aim of the company would be to help low-income Americans to save as much they can on lucratively high return investment plans and provide financial products that would help them save in the short term, and invest in small amounts as the economy hit with a recession the consump
Considering the subject of attraction, the term seems ambiguous because for a scientist, it might mean some forces of physics, to psychologist it takes the emotional perspective, to lovers it takes the emotional perception and, from the youth or the new-age point of view it faces various external determining factors or circumstances such as events. Away from the earlier century, current references regarding the law of attraction indicate it as the evolution of matter. Today, the Law of attraction talks about people’s way of thinking in the aim of achieving an advantage. One of the key factors that need consideration in matters pertaining attraction include, knowledge about the personal need. The universe is able to manifest desires if one cultivates positive thoughts about the personal wishes or needs. Arguably, this is the philosophical nature indicating the possibility of attracting whatever one wishes to achieve or have. Attraction however, raises many questions that seem to lack good answers. For example, do people have a choice over attraction? Biologically, the subconscious mind is the source of attraction because it begins with release of a substance referred to as dopamine, in response to individual unique paradigms. It is a special quality that makes people attractive, which they have no control over. One has control over the attraction for instance; attraction to someone is not a choice but way of enhancing the relationship in a personal perfective manner. It is logical that one should be attracted to a person who is equally attentive to their needs or feelings, sensitive, nice, generous and provides, but a close attention to the real world indicates otherwise. Attraction does not happen by choice but through an unconscious stage of responding emotionally to various clues. It fails to involve logic but has a pattern and methodology of working it out that is discoverable through practice. Learning or understanding the methodology or essence behind attraction is comparable to learning how to perform tasks that never occur naturally. One has to learn the skills to be in a position of garnering results. Arguably some negative aspects are excellent ways of pushing the attraction button such as creating tension between people, playing hard to get, enhancing laughter, or developing unpredictable self-image. People ought to have strengths to control attraction. As a good example, heterosexual people have desire to have relations with different people of the opposite gender. This is a drive but does not permit them to the act in that procession because they can have control over the act. There is need to control special contemplations for success. Therefore, attraction is not a choice but the alternative is to control personal thoughts in order to gain power over the law of attraction. There is only one consciousness, which is self and this is the main source of human intentions.
It’s another lovely Saturday afternoon, and your lovely couch is beckoning. You feel so tired, and you need to relax your body after a week of hard work. All over sudden, you are lying there feeling the enticing warmth of the couch and getting a well-earned sleep. But wait! Your wife walks in with her authoritative gesture and, like a tyrannical dictator, orders you to help with the household chores. That is the time you have to say good-bye to your beloved couch and hello to the lawnmower. In order to avoid such calamities, there are a number of useful guidelines, which, if followed, will offer an escape route from the horrific chore monster. Some of these tips have successfully been tried, while others are hypothetical. Nevertheless, they are all constructive (Keller 1; Marx 1). One of the most famous tactics known globally but never thought to be of great help is camouflage. Camouflage has been used for a very long period of time by the military personnel and is considered the best technique in escaping detection from the enemy radar. This technique can also be used, especially when you do not want to be seen for a certain period of time. This technique is well elaborated in Harry Porter volume 2 and involved wearing a cloak of invisibility (Gyaan 1). In our case, get yourself a fabric that precisely matches the object you intend to blend into. For instance, putting on clothes or cover yourself with materials that match the couch or bed. If you wish to hide successfully outside, use some materials that match with the lawn. This is basically achieved by covering yourself with these materials and taking a nap beneath them. They will effectively render you invisible to many people except the most suspicious characters. Caution should be taken to make sure that no one steps or sits on you, and if it happens, pray that they are not heavy (Gyaan 1). Another way of avoiding chores is by using lookalike. It is eminent that every individual has a person who resembles him/her or a “double.” If you want to avoid chores, you should get a lookalike or a person who closely resembles you. These lookalikes are found everywhere, for instance, in church, library, grocery, pet stores, and supermarket, among other places. Once you have identifi
It was widely accepted that male and female bodies complement each other and as in present times, historically women had always been associated with procreation and child rearing. In the ancient world, governments and rulers implemented laws, for a variety of reasons, in an attempt to control women’s sexuality. Privately, within the family, girls were taught from a very young age by parents that the honour of the family depended on their sexual behaviour. They were mostly confined to their homes, were under the authority of a male member of the family, could not work outside the house, and could not be as educated as the men. The sole purpose of marriage in the ancient days was not love or companionship but procreation and women were expected to bear many children for their husbands. Those who bore many children, especially sons, were honoured and favoured by their hus
Workplace violence refers to brutality or the danger of brutality against employees of a certain organization. Although the term suggests that the violence is restricted in the workplace, the truth is that this violence can happen inside or outside the workplace. The extent of workplace violence can range to anything from bullying and oral abuse to physical attacks and murder. Homicide has been termed as one of the leading causes of work-related fatalities. Regardless of how it is carried out, work-place violence is becoming a major concern for managers and workers all over the country. In order to prevent workplace violence, all companies should set up some certain controls. By doing this, the company can efficiently stem objectionable issues and the possibility of work-related violence would be greatly reduced. In order for these controls to be effective, both the employer and the employees should be committed in implementing them. In order for employees to feel safe in the workplace, there is need for the government and employers to adopt strict measures meant to reduce all form of work-related violence. (U.S. Department of Labor, 2002) According to statistics, close to 2 million American employees are victims of work-related brutality each year. One thing about workplace violence is that it can happen anywhere, and no one is exempt from it. However, it is important to note that the risk is increased among a certain class of workers. This class of workers either includes those who work for financial organizations and those who are tasked with delivering goods or services in the transport sector. Another group of workers who stand a higher risk of workplace violence is those who work individually or in small groups, those who work late at night or during the early dawn hours and those who work in crime-infested areas. Others at higher risk include people who work as community developers or in establishments where they have widespread association with the community. This group comprises of health-care and community examination workers such as appointment nurses, psychiatric assessors, and corrective officials. Other community workers such as electricity and water service workers, telephone and digital television installers, postal workers, and cab drivers are also at high risk of encountering work-related violence. (American Nurses Association, 2010) In light of this information, the best security that employers can proffer is to adopt a stern policy regarding violence toward its employees or by the workers. In order to carry this out, the employer is required to set up a workplace brutality avoidance plan to cushion its workers. Alternatively, the company can integrate the information into an existing disaster deterrence plan, employee instruction manual, or manual of standard working measures. Additionally, it is vital for employers to ensure that all workers know the policy and assure them that all claims of work-related violence will be probed and
Dairying is one of the most important industries in Australia. It is the third largest industry and a major rural employer. Its employment ventures include on – farm, processing, manufacturing and in the transport sector through distribution of various milk products. There are about forty thousands employees employed in the dairy farms to cater for the labor needs in the farms. Others are employed with the processing sector. The industry is well developed in the temperate region and sub tropical areas. These areas have rich soils and receive adequate rainfall, factors that highly favour natural growth of pastures. The dairy industry is well spread across the country with each state having a dairy industry that supplies milk to the neighbourhood. The bulk of the milk comes from the south west state of Victoria region of the country which produces about 65% of the total milk (Shaw, John & Collins, 1984 p. 47). Before distributing the milk to the consumers, it is converted to different products so that it acquires more value and meets the needs of different customers. Various other products such as powdered milk are also produced in huge volumes. About 55% of Australian milk is consumed locally either in fresh state or dairy products such as butter, cheese, creams and yoghurts. The Australian dairy industry has been growing gradually. In 2007/08 the total milk produced was approximately 9.3 billion litres. Most of it was produced by 7950 dairy farms all over Australia. The industry contains approximately 1,600,000 dairy cows that produce roughly 5,250 litres of milk each yearly. The commonest breed is the Holstein Friesian. Close to forty five percent of the total milk produced in Australia is exported. Much of it is exported to the Asian continent. The industry mainly exports cheese and skimmed milk powder. This represents about 9% of the total world dairy trade and makes Australia a key player in the global dairy sector. Australian dairy products are always in high demand across the world. The products have competitive advantage in international market and hence demand due to high quality, clean image, product safety and product reliability (Rodriguez & Boero. 2003 pp. 1447-1451). The table below shows some key features and the average contribution of the dairy industry to the Australian social and economic performance. Australian Data on Dairy production (2008/09): National Dairy Herd                                   1.6 million cows                          Average Herd Size                                     200 cows                                  Milk Production                                       9,388 million litres                      Average Annual Milk Production Per Cow                5,750 litres                              Dairy – Australia’s 3rd Largest Rural Industr
Outline   * The paper addresses the issues affecting the youth of today with specific reference to unemployment and health.   * World political leaders and policymakers are largely to blame for neglecting the youth Youth Unemployment   * The problem affecting many youths worldwide   * Causes: Economic downturn and advancement in technology discussed   * Results: Crime, delinquency, drugs, vandalism, resistance to authority, etc.   * Solutions: Provision of financial relief to unemployed in the form of Unemployment Insurance System/ Entrepreneurial programs in schools discussed Health   * Bad health policies and political establishments to blame   * Problems: Poor hygiene, bad habits, persistent behavioral risks, poor sanitation, new and emerging diseases, etc.   * Problem compounded by: Financial hardship, unemployment, sanctions, embargos, unequal distribution of wealth, etc.   * Solutions: Increase capacity for the youth to acquire quality healthcare, including health education/ Health policies and preventative measures aimed at addressing health problems. Worldwide, the youth as an age group can be singled out as being under siege due to a myriad of social, health, and economic problems that continue to affect them. So many things seem to have gone wrong for this age group that they are no longer sure of what tomorrow will bring. Of regret is that most of these problems that have continued to face the youth are not particularly restricted to any one ethnic, racial, or religious group. Issues of drug abuse, sexuality, poverty, crime, lack of identity, violence, lack of self-confidence and low self-esteem, unemployment and many more are the norm rather than the exception within this age group (UN, 2003). This shows that something must have gone wrong within the whole social system. This paper, therefore, aims at addressing some of the issues affecting the youth of today, with specific reference to youth unemployment and health. No one could possibly ever deny that the contemporary world has been a hard world for the youth due to the fact that many world leaders do not give the youth problems the attention they deserve. All that the youth get from political leaders, especially on the African and South American continents is empty rhetoric about youth programs and policies that never come out of the delivery bed. As such, the problem of youth unemployment has gone over the roof the world over. This problem has further been worsened by the economic downturn being experienced the world over (Caton, 2006). Modern advancements in technology have also made particular jobs and skills outdated. The youth has borne the brunt of these experiences since they have, without warning, happened during their time. But are the world political leaders and policymakers missing a point? Yes, indeed they are. It is not unusual to hear about the world political leaders saying that crime levels have gone up; delinquency levels have upped; revolt against established systems have escalated; and many more accusations and counter-accusations. What they fail to realize is that the youth, just like any other age group, has got their own n
Introduction Internet is a tool of mass communication and is today the most rapidly growing and the largest means of distributing information in the entire world as it can dispense bulk information at a minimal cost and at a very short time. Although there exists the freedom of speech in most countries all over the world there are certain types of speech which are not protected by this law as they are of insufficient value and they cause a lot of harm in the society. For example, phonographic material that is accessible to children both in the print or broadcast media is never acceptable and therefore internet should not be treated different as it is in the same standard, in addition it publishes materials such as hardcore pornography and intense racial hatred which does not make it less offensive because it is published on the web as opposed to written materials or broadcast media (Michael, 1997). The importance of adjustment There is need to regulate the power of the medium and considering that internet falls in visual category attracting captive audience who rewind to view again and distribute more widely very fast, higher level of censorship should therefore be attached to it as moving pictures and sound are more explicit and powerful than texts and photographs. Although it is very hard to censor internet as it provides great anonymity to pornographers and criminals giving them a great opportunity to abuse the medium, it does not mean that government should not seek to prevent it as doing so is of great importance to the society at large. Government should take measures such as requiring individuals to provide identification before posting content on to the internet as doing this would be an easy way of enforcing laws against very unpleasant and harmful content (Roger, 1996). The governments should adopt multiple liabilities to internet service providers if they are caught assisting in the dissemination of harmful information and if it happens that the person who posted the information can not be traced the providers can be sued or prosecuted. The issue of censorship of materials The issue at hand in censoring materials on the internet is to ensure the protection of non-adults or children, curb any terrorist related activities, check on crime and curtail episodes of racial hatred which are common international problems. Governments should therefore aim at cooperating with others to try limiting the harm caused by the internet (John, 1996). However censorship is an archaic act and should be a
Introduction Negotiation is the process where two or more parties are involved in a communication process. Several options are explored and a choice is made to satisfy their interest (Zartman, 2002). In a negotiation between a dry cleaner and a customer, several parties are involved. The customer complains to the dry cleaner about his coat. He says his coat has shrunk after it was washed and he claims a replacement for the damage. This is in contradiction with the dry cleaner who is unwilling to pay. Parties involved in this negotiation are the customer, the dry cleaner, other customers, and the textile company. Analysis During a negotiation, a negotiator’s interest is the agreement that will ensure continuity and comfort to his life. Interests move the negotiation process and determine the possible outcome (Fisher, 2008). They should be distinguished from negotiation positions. The dry cleaner’s position is the customer to take the loss for his coat but he may change his mind to compensate the customer. This will maintain his business reputation in the future. This is his interest. Monetary terms, fair treatment during negotiations, and respect satisfy interests. Conflicting interests force the negotiators to exp