ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Definition of artwork has always been a disputable issue because of the existence of its multiple concepts and difficulties arising from the divergences in the perspectives on the beauty preconditioned by differences in mentalities. However, despite these debates, Danto assumes that every piece of art always has three integral qualities: meaning, embodiment, and interpretation. This argument comes from the idea of the philosophic meaning of art and its ability to impact viewers by representing some objects of reality in unusual ways. Main body Applying this idea to photographs, their true nature can be determined. Thus, according to Danto, meaning, embodiment, and interpretation should be found in photos for them to become works of art. In other words, images that present simple objects and do not convey any messages cannot be considered artworks. At the same time, if a photo makes a viewer think about particular events or contains symbolic representations of phenomena peculiar to modern society, its value increases significantly, and it contributes to the development of contemporary art. Conclusion Nevertheless, with the appearance and development of tools to mechanically reproduce various artworks, including photographs, the question of their value became even more important. However, the ideas suggested by Danto concerning the identification of a work of art remain topical. All images that contain the three elements (meaning, embodiment, interpretation) should be related to art. At the same time, all reproductions of these masterpieces are just the result of the technological development that provided artisans with an opportunity to copy outstanding images to familiarize individuals with them and promote the further evolution of photography and art. However, the given theme still remains disputable and triggers multiple debates related to the future of this kind of creativity.
Background Information Islamic Institute of Orange County is an Islamic centre that was initially setup as a result of an Islamic community initiative to help render certain services to the residents of Southern California regardless of their religious orientation. There are Islamic services and functions like the daily prayers and weekly meetings where every Muslim is free to visit the place during the prayer times. Some of the activities in this place include the Friday prayers services, weekly family and personal counselling services, wedding and funeral ceremonies. There are also Saturday classes for those children below 18 years and a full time Islamic school for Muslim students. In addition, there are other programs that are on-going in the place including the after school and the weekend programs. There are also daily activities like the Qur’an classes, Arabic classes for both the Muslims and non -Muslim students from California among others. Occasionally, there are weekly functions like speeches from guest speakers and discourses designed for the ladies. The centre is headed by Imam Dr. Muzammil Siddiqi. The place is always open for everyone five days in a week and anyone can walk into the place. Architectural description The place has been designed in an Islamic style and it is easier to tell the functional aspect of the place just from the design. It contains a very large beautiful mosque, multi-purpose guest rooms, relaxation areas and the library construction is still underway. The planning of the place has been done in such a way as to portray the Islamic culture. Planning of buildings has been done according to the ancient Islamic style with the inclusion of the open public space in the design where people can sit and share after prayers. Visual aspects One most significant feature in the design of the place is that there are defined boundaries especially in the allocation of public places where areas for women have been set aside and secluded from those of men. Also, the general arrangement of the place into classes, resting rooms, mosque, courtyard and outdoor spaces clearly communicates the Islamicvalues. There are also different forms of Islamic art and décor on the buildings that directly and vividly depict strong Muslim culture in the place. The inclusion of the drawings, Islamic calligraphy features andsymbols also communicate a lot concerning the place and its religious orientation. There is uniformity of the structural features like the shape of the doors and windows which are unique to the place when compared to the neighbourhood buildings. The place is also defined by the incorporation of the Islamic monuments and sculptures that are only exceptional to the Islamic reli
Biography: The Story of My Academic Life I am a college student with quite an experience in academic writing and research. I have already completed several projects and written a range of academic papers ranging from essays to research papers. Though this project is very challenging, I believe that I have the skills and knowledge to design it properly. Project Description: The Possibilities of Vancouver New Media The project will take the form of a free downloadable video game, which will help people discover new information about Vancouver and become interested in the city, its sights, and history. The game will incorporate hand-drawn animation (it is important that the amount of CGI in the game should be driven to nil) and the actual shots of Vancouver. Thus, it will be possible to blend the reality with the virtual world of the interactive game. Project Goals: In Search for the Gems of the City The Vancouver Project is aimed at attracting people’s attention to Vancouver and its unique features. Primarily, the project is designed to make information about the city interesting, popular, and easily accessible. It is important that the key sights of the city, as well as the interesting facts about it, should be available to as many people as possible. Thus, it will be possible to keep the unique culture of the city alive and make the latter retain its originality in the era of globalization, when cultures merge, therefore, losing their uniqueness. Interactive Component: Designing a Video Game The video game in question will allow the players to add their own elements to it, therefore, becoming more complex with each new member accessing it. Audience: When Every Single Visitor Counts It will be reasonable to suggest that the age group, which the target audience is going to be included in, should be stretched from young teenagers (i.e., 10–12-year-old users) to adults (30–40-year-old users). Because of the difference in tastes of younger and older generations, the classic design of the online game in question should be provided. Inspiration: Following into the Footsteps of the Giants The creation of the game was inspired by a range of interactive first-person adventure games, as well as a range of indie games. The simplistic style and the originality of the latter are truly enthralling; it is fascinating that true gems can be created on a shoestring budget. A Guide to the Great Adventure: Welcome to the Vancouver Project Welcome to the Vancouver Interactive Game Project! As you hit the “start” button, you will see Captain Vancouver on the screen for a couple of moments. He is not very happy about being a part of this quest, yet he did contribute a lot to the state as an explorer of this country, so there is a po
Introduction Background The rapid adoption of digital solutions is exposing schools to the cyber-security threat, which is currently the biggest concern that these institutions face as they make a complete shift from the analog to the digital data management system (Chishti & Puschmann, 2018). According to a K-12 Cybersecurity Resource Center (2021) report, a staggering 1,180 incidents have been reported since 2016. A recent Cyber Security of UK institutions found that cyber breaches and malicious attacks were prevalent in both business and education organizations in the last 12 months (Ipsos Synovate, 2020). As technology becomes central to the overall running of educational institutions, it is important to examine the new threat in order to find effective ways of addressing it (Christiansen & Piekarz, 2019). Nature of Cyberattacks According to a recent K-12 Cybersecurity Resource Center (2021) report, there has been a dramatic rise in frequent and severe K-12 cyber-attacks in educational institutions. The most prevalent cases involve unauthorized disclosures or breaches, ransomware, Denial of Service (DoS), phishing, hacking, and other attacks that are increasingly becoming severe and frequent. Techno-savvy criminals have perfected the strategy of illegally accessing sensitive data belonging to students, lecturers, specific administrators, or the institution at large with malicious intentions (Grieco et al., 2019). Cybercriminals have been trying to hack into databases of such institutions with the aim of stealing the formula and selling it to other institutions around the world (Tallón-Ballesteros & Chen, 2020). Such intellectual property theft is a major concern to these institutions. Hacking may be targeted at manipulating information in the database of a learning institution. The financial department is always the leading target of these cybercriminals. Their goal is always to steal from the institution using different strategies (Berman et al., 2019). Some criminal-minded students may hack the system and update their payment details with the goal of defrauding the institution. A hacker may target a student’s
Introduction The Samuel Eliot Morison Prize-winning author John Keegan focuses on the description of the battles Agincourt, Waterloo, and the Somme, their characteristics, and impact in his 2004 non-fiction book The Face of the Battle . Keegan, who has written a number of military works during his career, introduces a detailed description of human emotions, the analysis of personal views of those people who survived, and the investigation of tactics used during the British battles. He chooses three different periods in British history and gathers information from people and their memoirs about their intention to control fears, the exhaustion because of wounds, and the necessity of using weapons (78). The author begins the book by telling the truth that he has no direct experience in warfare. Keegan visited the battlefields, observed relics, read literature, and talked to soldiers to introduce a true face of the war (15). Human decisions determined the development of the events during the battles, and the author explained his goals and background to the reader in the first chapter. Main Text Keegan explains the characteristics of three battles – Agincourt (1415), Waterloo (1615), and the Somme (1916) – in his book. Agincourt was one of the most “satisfactory to contemplate” “epic passages” in British history (Keegan 79). During the Battle of Waterloo, human beliefs, religious preferences, and effective leadership prevailed. The size of the battle, as well as the moral spirit of all the participants, was huge. The analysis of the Somme Battle is full of vivid examples and true emotions. The author uses the experience of his relatives and other people who survived the war and were alive during the writing process and called it not “a complete military failure”, but a serious “human tragedy” as people attacked without being properly prepared (Keegan 255). The participants admitted that the ignorance of the majority of the events and the unwillingness to listen contributed to considering the Somme one of the bloodiest battles in British history. According to Keegan, Agincourt, or Waterloo, or the Somme had a significant impact on people and their relationships. The author pays attention to such elements of the Battle Agincourt
Descartes’ View The concept of justice enables human beings living in different societies to be fair and rational in their dealings. Descartes reveals that people’s perceptions and attitudes are influenced by strong religious beliefs. God is the source of all good things that happen to man and his teachings have a positive influence on people, regardless of their cultural and social backgrounds. As a result, they are able to make clear distinctions between right and wrong actions to ensure they do not deviate from God’s real teachings. People’s sense of judgment makes them understand consequences they are likely to face if they choose to engage in different actions (Bennet 2). Therefore, Descartes emphasises that theological ideas influence how people understand and apply justice. Descartes’ arguments show that religion has a big role to play in making people understand justice and its benefits. In this regard, it shapes their ideals about different issues that affect how they enjoy various liberties and freedoms. Descartes shows that people’s emotions are shaped by encounters they have with other people from similar or different backgrounds. These interactions enable them to have common beliefs and principles which form the basis of laws and social codes that are observed by people living in different societies (Bennet 5). Descartes’ arguments show that theological understanding makes people to submit to governmental authority and the rule of law. Plato’s View The Euthyphro is a dialogue between Euthyphro and Socrates regarding the application of justice under the ancient Greek justice system. This dialogue demonstrates the ignorance people have about the concept of justice and how it is applied in different social and political systems. Socrates has been accused of impiety because of his liberal statements on Greek gods and religious beliefs. Through the dialogue, Socrates is interested in uncovering the real meaning of piety and how it relates to the concept of the justice under the Athenian legal system (Plato). One of the major arguments that come out of the debate is how the concept of piety is understood. Euthyphro insists that piety involves actions that please the gods; a view opposed by Socrates who insists that the gods do not always have similar opinions. Socrates and Euthyphro show that the application of justice in different societies is not always fair. As revealed in the dialogue, the law cannot only be influenced by religious teachings because human beliefs and lifestyles are constantly changing. Therefore, people need to analyse different liberal positions that serve as pillars on which legal principles are founded. This will ensure that they come up with realistic and fair laws. In this context, religious doctrines should not be the only basis that influences how
Climate Change Presently, the world’s climate has been changing gradually. Climate Change Presently, the world’s climate has been changing gradually. The gradual change has led to a world crisis that sums up to deforestation, depletion of fresh water sources, soil erosion, chemical contamination, and loss of biodiversity. In the contemporary society, climate change has been real (Ramadhan 222). The magnitude of the climatic changes has been so diverse that it has become a world agenda to come up with means to reduce the greenhouse gas emission. Talk of climate change, today and the issue of global warming will come up. The climatic change is a problem that has been around the world for many years. Since the advent of globalization in the 19th century during British imperialism, climate change has been increasing gradually. Increased integration marked by excellent transport network and communication have simultaneously increased with climatic changes (Ramadhan 223). The following paper discusses the climatic changes and the new geography of violence. The paper will explore the violence related to cattle rustling among the Pokot community of East Africa. Global warming presents a significant challenge to the world. According to EPA (21), global warming refers to the rise in the average temperature of the atmosphere and the large water bodies like seas. The global warming has been projected to be on the increase since the late 19th century. For instance, since the onset of the 20th century, the surface temperature is estimated to have risen by 0.8 °C. Two-thirds of the projected increase occurred since 1980. The change in one degree Fahrenheit in the temperature has resulted in significant changes in the world’s environment. The global warming has been gradual but the resulting socio-economic effects have been swift. These changes in temperature have led to many concerns about the future of the world environment. Global warming has resulted in radical changes in the way of life (Ramadhan 225). The social changes and the natural environmental effects portray a discourse of collision between the social world and physical changes. The negative effects of global warming are worse in developing countries. An example is the depletion of the grazing grass and diminishing water points in Pokot region of Kenya. The changes have resulted to periodic fights between herders and inter-clan wars in the region. In 2010, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration pointed to 2005 as the warmest year. Scientists project that the global warming could increase by additional 7.2 degrees Fahrenheit in 21 st century (EPA 26). However, this will happen if there are no actions taken to reduce the human activities that result to the warming. The ever-increasing rise in the average temperature has been associated with negative effects on the climatic patterns of the earth, which have and are already being experienced. For example, the changes in rain patterns in Pokot Region of Kenya results in inadequate vegetation for the cattle, herders have to move to the neighbo
Introduction Finlay’s group is a global grower, wholesaler and exporter of flowers and plants. Global operations permit Finlay’s group access to various marketing channels and financial information, storage and logistics facilities. Grower is the primary suppliers in the floricultural value chain while exporters, importers, wholesalers, cash-and-carry stores and retailers provide the demand for the products (Finlay, 2011). One role of Finlay’s group is to group suppliers and buyers, and so they fix prices. Another role of Finlay’s group is to increase productivity by breaking large deliveries from growers into smaller amounts for buyers. Business Requirements Emergence of electronically driven flower markets has influenced the necessity of a computer analyst manager. Computer analyst manager will be responsible for devising a system, which can simplify Finlay’s business success, and development of the company, to involve more with the suppliers, retailers and other stakeholders (Finlay, 2011). The electronic system to be developed and maintained by the computer analyst manager should have the input, output and process which incorporate real-time process to expedite efficient of the organization. Job Analysis of Computer Analyst Manager There are different specializations in IT, in line with information technology needs in organizations. In this age, most organizations need the services of a computer analyst Manager. Computer analysts are individuals who have the technical know- how in a computer program creation (Info Tech Employment, 2007). This field is highly specialized and needs proper understanding of logical sequencing. Therefore, the first assignment a computer analyst can have is a software development. However, given software development means one can also troubleshoot and correct say instructions on software, computer analysts also offer support and maintain systems (Info Tech Employment, 2007). Qualifications for a Computer Analyst Manager Computer analyst needs to have a sound knowledge and relevant professional training in computer programming. Despite what the computer analyst does, he or she must have the capacity to design and implement software solutions. Computer analysts are involved in the testing of computer programs, operating systems and other advanced software’s. To implement an IT solution, many times organizations source ready- made software from the market, but they can also develop software in-house. When the software has been bought or when the system has been developed entirely, a computer analyst has to test it (Info Tech Employment, 2007). Once the system or software has been installed and is running, the computer analyst focus is on offering support in maintaining the system. The second technical skill requirement is designing. The computer analyst is responsible for creating and designing the system by selecting major components. He or she investigates the possible ways of designing the system from the requirements gathered. Thirdly, the he or she ensures that the new system being designed will meet the user’s requirements; he or she analyzes and predicts input,
Plant nutrition is a significant field of science in human life due to the possibility to investigate the chemical composition of the soil, analyze the peculiarities of plant growth, and evaluation of plant metabolism under current living conditions. Understanding a plant nutrition unit is a contribution to science and progress people can achieve in food sustainability. It is not enough to know that plant nutrients are the parts of plant metabolism and that the use of science in plant growth can lead to new outcomes (Barker and Pilbeam 3). It is necessary to be creative and confident with each step even if no certain positive results are expected. The example of such confidence and the desire to achieve success can be taken from the movie The Martian , where the main character is ready to challenge Mars in order to survive and break the rules in plant nutrition and admits that “Mars will come to fear my botany powers” ( The Martian ). This movie and its character demonstrate impressive experiments and prove the possibility to use science as the best method to increase food sustainability and succeed in plant nutrition. Every day, people have to prove their rights for existence, including the knowledge of science as the possibility to promote progress in food sustainability. The use of highly productive substances like seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides is a chance for numerous poor nations to participate in the green revolution and achieve high-level production gains (Lawrence et al. 10). The use of science in plant nutrition can be proved by means of a proper introduction of measurements such as the change of height, improved light conditions, the use of water and nutrients. The information is usually given in graphs, diagrams, pictures, and tables. To comprehend how science can be used in food sustainability, it is necessary to explain the essence of food sustainability and its goals. Sustainability aims at reducing poverty and conserving the environment (Oosterveer and Sonnenfeld 28). Sustainability in food is the promotion of quality and safety and the development of the conditions under which values, reasonable prices, and health conditions are created. Science is any human intervention that contradicts the natural development of the events. For example, in food sustainability, science can be used to affect the process of photosynthesis by means of changes in light intensity or light color. Besides, the appropriate use of H2O or CO2 can improve plant nutrition because water management in irrigated areas is the reason for the food production increase at the global level (Bharucha). If no attention is paid to science in sustainable food growth, people can face the same problems the world had many years ago when no nutrients or water shortages prevented the development. Though many people think that science and technological development kill nature and bring negative outcomes to all-natural processes, the role of science remains to be a crucial factor. Climate change, air pollution, and other environmental problems cannot be ignored. It is impossible to stop using technological things in order to protect th