ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This report will reveal the main challenges that IKEA faces to maintain a socially responsible manufacturer. The current and future actions to solve environmental problems and protect vulnerable groups will also be described. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate that IKEA is not indifferent to people’s habits, and does everything in its power to make life on the planet more sustainable and positive. Challenges IKEA identified maintaining a healthy and sustainable living, staying circular and climate positive, and being fair and equal as the three main challenges. In this regard, by 2030, IKEA intends to inspire more than 1 billion people to live a better everyday life in their households (“IKEA sustainability strategy,” 2018). This approach will help to reduce the consumption of global energy by a third – since this is the share that households have. It is based on better use of the planet’s resources, such as light, water, and food in everyday life, as well as reducing the amount of garbage produced by households. The company intends to provide people with access to technologies that use renewable energy and purify air and water. Current Action Today, IKEA is one of the largest food producers on the planet and takes responsibility for providing healthy meals. The company strives “to not only offer more sustainable home furnishing and food products, solutions and services, but also to inspire and support people to make positive changes in their lifestyles” (“IKEA sustainability strategy,” p. 12). IKEA is also gradually approaching the 100% use of wood and paper from sustainable sources (“IKEA sustainability strategy,” 2018). It has also taken several steps to eliminate the non-degradable plastic of its product range. Besides, the company is actively engaged in social communities and works with social entrepreneurs as part of the implementation of inclusive business principles. Future Action In the future, the company intends to continue to adhere to the strategy of staying circular and climate positive by implementing sustainable forest management and participating in projects that eliminate forest degradation and deforestation, such as the renewal of degraded land, deforested areas, and agriculturally cultivated areas. Besides, IKEA intends to launch projects aimed at cleaning polluted waters. Particular attention will be paid to initiatives aimed at removing plastic from the world’s oceans and protecting biodiversity.
Identify and discuss at least two of goals, strategies, and tactics used by organizations in order to maximize budgeting and expenditures? Typically, organizations seek to increase their budgeting and expenditures whenever they look to grow beyond existing limitations in some way or another. Growth requires additional spending and resources from the budget. Expenditures are typically associated with two strategies: the growth strategy and the technological advancement strategy. A growth strategy involves increasing the productive capabilities of an organization. It requires increasing storage and production spaces, hiring additional workers, and performing other activities to increase the scale of an enterprise (McKinney, 2015). Technological advancement strategy, on the other hand, does not necessarily mean increasing the scale of production but rather improving its quality by providing new technology. This, in turn, would enable the organization to offer advanced services (McKinney, 2015). Either of these strategies can be used to justify increased budget expenses. Discuss how financial management and budgeting concepts are applicable to public administrative organizations and the programs that are offered. Choose one organization to serve as an example for this essay Financial management and budgeting are not foreign concepts for public administrative organizations. Historically, government agencies were funded from treasuries and budgets, which were comprised of tax money and revenues generated by governments through various means. The amount of resources available to any individual organization is finite, which calls for financial management and budgeting activities. However, there are differences between budgeting in for-profit business organizations and public administration organizations. The functions of budgeting in these organizations are as follows (Shafritz, Russell, & Borick, 2013):   * Prioritization and allocation of available financial resources.   * Achieving policy goals in the most prudent and efficient manner.   * Providing accountability in regards to the spending of taxpayers’ money.   * Ensuring compliance and increasing efficiency through financial means. The loc
The activities of any company are oriented to the positive results and gaining some benefits. The manager’s main task is to organise the work of employees to achieve the best results and provide the positive outcomes. From this point, the usage of the definite organisational behaviour tools is necessary for regulating the work of the employees. It is possible to concentrate on such organisational behaviour tools as the system of rewards, the orientation to motivation, empowerment, appraisal, and the increase of commitment. In spite of the fact employees are individuals and require the individual approach, the organisational behaviour tools can be effective to control any group of employees to achieve the definite goals and stimulate the company’s progress. Various organisational behaviour tools are traditionally used by managers to regulate the work of the employees. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these methods can be different with references to their particular features and to the way of their using as independent tools or as a system. Thus, motivation can be discussed one of the most effective organisational behaviour methods, but it is important to pay attention to the employees’ basic emotional needs to use the tool effectively. According to Nohria, Groysberg, and Lee the necessity to motivate people is a real challenge because it is significant to influence their emotions and feelings. Managers should try to satisfy the workers’ needs for acquiring, comprehending, and defending to motivate them for doing their work better (Nohria, Groysberg, & Lee 2008). In this case, rewards are discussed as the necessary aspect of motivation to satisfy the needs for acquiring, but this tool can be also discussed independently. Rewards are significant because they provide the workers see the results of their efforts in the form which is most appropriate for them. That is why, compensation is one of the key notions for motivating employees (Liu et al. 2007). Many mangers often accentuate the significance of organising the effective team work which is based on openness and cooperation. In this case, managers should resolve the controversial point with empowerment as an organisational behaviour tool. Randolph states that empowering employees, it is important to fix the boundaries and provide the strict rules in relation to proposing and discussing decisions. To control the situation, it is necessary to avoid possible misunderstandings in relation to the questions of the managers’ control and employees’ power (Randolph 2000). Furthermore, empowerment as the effective tool to regulate the team work and contribute to its progress should be based on the concept of the employees’ active participation in the process (Liu et al. 2007). The results of the employees’ work also increase when they receive the appraisal for the high results and positive outcomes or for the appropriate behaviour. From this point, performance appraisal is an effective tool to stimulate the employees to continue their progress. The abs
Psychoanalysis developed by Sigmund Freud is traditionally discussed as the most popular personality theory. Freud’s theory was based on his observation and case study approaches according to which the patients’ experiences help in understanding the human personality. In his theory, Freud focuses on the role of unconscious motives, instincts, and drives in determining the human personality. The Driving Force behind Personality according to Freud Freud discusses instincts as the main driving forces to motivate people and affect their behaviors. People usually do not understand what instincts drive their life because instincts are the part of the human unconscious. Sex and aggression are two instincts which motivate the human behaviors (Feist & Feist, 2009, p. 29). Sex is associated with the life instinct, and aggression is associated with the death instinct. Drives and instincts are connected with the human personal experiences, and the id associated with the human unconscious nature is oriented to pleasure and satisfying the sex instinct and to satisfying the aggression instinct (Schultz & Schultz, 2012, p. 61). As a result, the individual’s main goal is to address these instincts during the life and to reduce tensions associated with personal experiences and anxiety. Elements of Freud’s Theory Freud’s psychoanalysis is based on the idea that all individuals can be analyzed according to the levels of mental life, provinces of the mind, and instincts or personality dynamics. According to Freud, all individuals have three levels of mental life which are unconscious, preconscious, and conscious (Feist & Feist, 2009, p. 34). At the unconscious level, Freud determines such common personality dynamics as instincts and anxiety. These forces are not identified by the individual, and they are the part of the person’s id. Following the concept about the provinces of the mind, all individuals have the id, the ego, and the superego as the parts of their mind (Hall, Lindzey, & Campbell, 1998, p. 38). If the id is based on the human instincts and anxiety as the main force to motivate the people’s life, the ego is associated with the individual’s reality vision and control principle, and the superego is associated with the person’s ideal vision and expectations. The Role of Society and Developmental Stages Freud states that the society forms the personal experiences at different stages of life, and these experiences are the fundament for developing the person’s painful complexes. Freud determines such personal development stages as Infantile Period (0-5 years) divided into oral phase, anal phase, and phallic phase; Latency Period (5-12 years); and Genital Period (12-adulthood) (Hall et al., 1998, p. 52). The role of experiences is most significant durin
The research paper focuses on obesity amongst school-going children and the leading solutions that can be implemented to handle this issue. Moreover, the paper addresses medical techniques used for treating diabetes due to overweight and the adverse effects of the disease on children’s health. It is worth noting that the implementation plan is crucial for researching because,
Although some people are sure that housewives do not perform extremely difficult tasks, it is worth highlighting that is a demanding profession. Several factors prove that being a housewife is not a profession, to those aspects belong to the system of payment, supervision, schedule. However, according to the dictionary, a housewife is a profession. Thus, it is essential to examine the economic aspect of being a housewife, stress challenges, and difficulties that the representatives of this occupation might face. Although the world is changing, and nowadays women have more rights than they used to have even a century ago, it is worth pointing out that not all females have a job, and thus, become housewives. There are a lot of factors that influence such a decision. As at every workplace, the housewives perform certain tasks; among them are the following ones, namely:  1. Cooking;  2. Cleaning;  3. Laundry;  4. Child care;  5. Taking care of the husband (Mutari & Figart, 2003). Barbara Bergman highlights that all the aspects contain economic risks. In case a housewife seeks for a job, there are a lot of chances for her to be dissatisfied with the salary and social status (Mutari & Figart, 2003). The employer is not likely to hire a woman that does not have career experience. Such women usually perform the role of a servant; however, do not get paid for this work. The sexual aspect and taking care of husband involves the need for women to be attractive and good looking. Also, the housewife should take care of children, however as they grow up, there are bigger chances to be displaced. There are a lot of threats for a woman to get injured at home. Millions of people get injured at the workplace and get compensation. Domestic violence is another relevant aspect. The aggressive behavior against the employee would consequently lead to the criminal penalty; however, domestic violence can lead only to charges. The fact that the housewife does not get paid for a job might result in a difficult situation in case a woman wants to divorce. In this situation, females will be the vulnerable party. She will lose the place of living, support, and other benefits of marriage. So, women are not protected. Giving birth to children is not the duty of a woman, it is her choice. In case, a woman can dedicate her time to children and home, and the husband performs the role of the breadwinner, the mother should be provided with several benefits and compensations (Kian, 2014). The housewife combines several professions, namely the servant, educator, and a cook. The servant is paid at least 10,73$ an hour ( Personal care and service workers, all other , n.d.). Thus, women should be provided with the salary and treated as a worker. In conclusion, it should be pointed out that in case women chose to become a housewife, they should be protected and provided with the benefits that have all the employees. Housewife is a profession, and it is complicated. Paying a housewife is likely to promote the image of the family and the housewives will be more secured and protected because they will be treated equally.
Introduction English language, unlike other languages, is very strict in its usage. According to Taylor (4), English language has faced a lot of transformation over time. Several factors have contributed to this evolution of this language. This scholar states that this language is the second most spoken language in the world after Chinese. Different groups of people will speak this language differently based on their place of birth and the first language. The way words are pronounced by different individuals from different parts of the world clearly demonstrates this variation. Some of the variations are so big that one may fail to understand what another speaker is saying. This is sometimes worsened by the fact that some people consider introducing their first language into English, creating what Meyers (3) refers to as slung. This is very common in the political language. This study focuses on the works of George Orwell about the use and misuse of the language titled “Politics and the English Language.” George Orwell has carefully analyzed the use of English language both it its written and spoken form. In this article, Orwell brings out the fact that English language is constantly deteriorating as the world globalizes. Although this is the second most spoken language in the world, it is always seen as the most important language in the world. It may be because of this reason that there has been a massive attempt by individuals from around the world to get an understanding of this language. As civilization continues around the world, the language is getting worse with each passing day. It is of concern that the society seem to be comfortable with this distortion. Orwell laments, “It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes” . He says that the society has become so accustomed to this poor language that it has become impossible to persuade them out of it. An attempt to convince people to desist from the language is like telling them to avid what is considered trendier. That is why Orwell is comparing this emerging English language to an electric light and the traditional English language to a candle. Decline of English Language It is a fact that as the world globalizes, there is increased number of people speaking this language. However, this does not mean that the language spoken in these areas are not Standard English. In fact, there has been a consistent decline in the standard language. This distortion of the language may be because of some little ignorance that was ignored when they first appeared in this language. According to Orwell, the effect of a distorted language seems to be the cause of further distortion of the language. This scholar says that some individuals resign to their fate. He says, “A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks.” Orwell compares a man who uses th
Introduction Despite an amazing increase in the number of products that are supposedly organic but which, actually, contain synthetic components, consumers of organic products are increasingly using these products. This has made brand owners of inorganic products face insurmountable challenges in marketing these products since their products are competing with products whose prices can be comfortably lowered without their owners making losses. This paper uses the theories of consumer behavior to explain the reason behind the popularity of organic products among consumers and proposes the strategies that marketers can employ to reach more consumers. European cosmetic facts The distribution of natural and organic cosmetic and their demand in Europe have steered an exponential increase in the volumes of natural and organic cosmetic sales. Cosmetic companies are realizing doubled revenues after every year courtesy of natural and organic cosmetic sales. This turn can be associated to the consumer preference shift in the cosmetic industry. Previously, organic cosmetics were demanded by people with abnormalities like rashes and irritation of the skin. However, with time, the consumers of cosmetic products realized that organic cosmetics had low levels of substances that may be harmful to the human body and the functionality that is characteristic of natural ingredients in organic cosmetics. This has been the reason behind the overnight shift toward consumption of organic cosmetics (Folkes, 2004, p. 11). Another reason for the same is the superiority of the quality of organic cosmetic products from certain companies. An example of a brand of superior quality is Aveda. Despite the high growth of the organic cosmetic market in Europe, individual businesses are not getting the best out of the prevailing growth. This is because individual businesses get a low share of the cumulative sales in the continent. German and France enjoy a comparatively large part of the market. This is due to the relatively good distribution channels in Germany and public awareness of the dangers of consuming synthetic products made possible by the media in France. The aforementioned characteristic low share of organic cosmetic sales enjoyed by individual retailers in Europe has necessitated a revolution to the approaches used by these retailers to market their products (Bosmans, 2006, p. 37). The following paragraphs analyze the reasons for the popularity of organic cosmetic products in European markets based on the theories of consumer behavior. Understanding cosmetic-consumer behavior A proper mastery of the dynamics of consumer behavior is very crucial in the development of strategies for effective marketing. Traditionally, owners of cosmetic brands have always had a good understanding of the habits of consumers. These habits were based on a number of parameters which include income, gender, age and income. Such knowledge was very instrumental in aiding them to establish efficient and definite s
Changes in population affect the social landscapes of any state. Therefore, identifying trends in the population change should be viewed as an essential element of addressing the needs of communities worldwide. Both on a global scale and in the context of a particular region, the specified alterations are bound to affect the choice of constituents of family planning programs (Cammett et al. 11). As a result, state organizations will have to adjust their strategies to meet the needs of new demographics (The World Bank). A closer look at alterations in the levels of maternal death on a global scale will reveal that there is a necessity to focus on delivering family planning services to remote areas. Particularly, healthcare organizations will need to consider the regions where poverty rates are high, and where the accessibility of required services remains very low. For example, the increase in maternal death rates in Sub-Saharan Africa points to the urgency in providing local facilities with the equipment and resources needed to offer pregnant women residing in the area of free healthcare services (Lo and Hiscock 29). As far as the MENA region is concerned, one must also explore the challenges associated with the rise in population levels (Population Reference Bureau 2). For example, social concerns related to the provision of competent healthcare services, the management of unemployment issues, etc., will have to be taken into account. Furthermore, the steep rise in the number of residents in the MENA area indicates that there is a necessity to introduce enhanced measures for maintaining environmental security. Finally, possible problems associated with resource management, reduction of waste produced by people and organizations, and the focus on lean management as a solution to the problem of finite resources will have to be deemed crucial. Works Cited Cammett, Melani, et al. A Political Economy of the Middle East . 4th ed., Westview Press,