ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Saudi Arabia has witnessed tremendous growth in child care services in the last few years. This trend is inevitable as more women are joining the workforce (Booz & Co, 2012). Though this approach has brought incredible benefits to working parents, the culture and customs of Saudi Arabia have complicated the concept. The Kingdom tradition upholds that a working woman should seek the services of a housemaid in taking care of the child at home. Though most parents, especially the working women prefer quality care for their children, security of the child play a key role in determining the care facility for the child. Presently, child care facilities in Saudi Arabia are categorized into three main groups. The first choice for parents is usually assigning a close relative to take care of his/her child. In most cases grandmother is usually selected. Grandmother is viewed as a person who is able to support during the formative years of growth and development because she is perceived as a trusted person in the family (Valdini, 2012). The rise of working women in Saudi Arabia has also resulted in the urge of formal child care services (Booz & Co, 2012). Hence, more formal Care centers (pre-schools, day care centers and nursery) have sprouted in the country. For working parents, this has simplified their responsibility towards the care of their children’s. Though some of the available child care centers are more of play groups with condensed hours, and strict admission rules, some, with well developed facilities allows entry when the child is about one to three years (Susie of Arabia, 2012). Reference List Booz and Co. (2012). Women’s Employment in Saudi Arabia: a major Challenge . Web. Susie of Arabia. (2012). Children’s Day Care in Jeddah . Web. Valdini, C. (2012). Reem Asaad Targeting better Childcare for working mothers . Web.
Business Process Corlett (2014) defines “the term business process as a set of tasks aimed at promoting a specific organizational goal” (p. 5). Business organizations tend to have a wide range of goals and objectives. The nature of the business process will therefore depend on the targeted goals. Several things should be included in every business process. To begin with, the business process should have a proper Process Flow Diagram (PFD). The purpose of the PFD is to outline various tasks and activities that should be completed throughout the process. The next thing to incorporate in the business process is an outline of the major persons or departments responsible for various tasks. Such activities or tasks should be completed effectively in order to achieve the targeted business goals. Some of the departments or positions might include team leaders, store managers, assistant supervisors, and employees (Kim & Solomon, 2013). The inclusion of these positions will identify different tasks that should be completed in order to support the targeted goals. The business process should also describe the nature of the targeted results. Accurate and updated reports should also be included in order to promote the best actions. According to Mele, Pels, and Polese (2015), a business process should omit every unnecessary activity. For instance, the nature of the business process will dictate the major aspects that should be included. Individuals without a role to play should be excluded. Unnecessary tasks should also be avoided whenever drafting a powerful business process. Such duties might not support the targeted goals. Organizations as Systems The “term organization as a system refers to a new perspective whereby various activities are interconnected in order to promote the best practices and goals” (Mele et al., 2015, p. 131). According to this perspective, everything within an organization is connected in order to work together. Corlett (2014) views a system as something composed of numerous parts that work together in order to complete specific tasks. Corlett (2014) also argues that “the concept of organizations as systems promotes new managerial practices that can address the needs of all components” (p. 12). The above approach is superior to the traditional view of an organization. This traditional concept treats organizations as entities with different departments that operate separately. Some of “these departments include sales, production, customer service, marketing, and logistics” (Mele et al., 2015, p. 134). This kind of arrangement compels different workers report to their supervisors. The existing organizational departments also work separately. The concept also promotes labor specialization. The Best Process View It is agreeable that the process view of organizations as systems is appropriate for effective performance. This view encourages different employees to work together. Every unit will focus on the performance of the other departments. Decisions will be made faster thus promoting the best organizational outcomes. As well, the approach makes it easier for different organizations to embr
Christianity and Paganism The theme of Christianity and paganism has been discussed widely in this book. Brown describes Augustine’s friend during his youthful years as “the clique of earnest students was to become in their middle age, a formidable group of bishops, controlling the destinies of the Catholic Church in Africa.” 1 We also get to know that Augustine’s parents had differences in faith. 2 As noted by Brown, “while Patricius was a pagan, Monica was a christian.” 3 Brown also notes Augustine’s words that “This same father of mine took no trouble at all to see how I was growing in your [God’s] sight or whether I was chaste or not.” 4 Monica was a committed Christian of Berber ancestry 5 hence she ensured that Augustine received training from when he was young. Since when Augustine was young, his mother often prayed for him that he would not forsake the Christian way of life when he grows up. 6 On the other hand, his father Patricius worked tirelessly to ensure that his son was taught the best pagan education. 7 These two contrasting learning experiences influenced Augustine in a great way later in his life. 8 Augustine is later on baptized in Milan. 9 While in school, Brown notes Augustine’s words that the study was so deep that “it imposed a crushing load on the memory.” 8 While Augustine was in school, he met the Manicheans and joined their religion. 9 These people must have been pagans because they believed in a person to be the Holy Spirit. 10 However these people got to attract Augustine because they based their religion on reason alone. 11 However, Augustine later became a sceptic when Faustus was defeated to answer his questions about philosophy. 12 Later, Augustine met Ambrose, who was a bishop in Italy. 13 On realizing that Ambrose was learned; Augustine gained back his faith in Christianity as this contradicted his earlier thoughts that Christians were not learned. 14 Ambrose was able to answer Augustine’s questions, the same questions that Faustus was not able to answer. 15 However, though Ambrose looked at Christianity from an intellectual perspective, Augustine did not receive full conviction. 16 Again, when Constantine became the emperor; Christianity took the place of paganism and became the main religion in Rome. 17 This was not received well by the pagans. 18 When the Rome Empire fell, pagans said that it was as a result of the wrath of their gods, thus they laid the blame on Christianity. 19 As a result of this, Augustine decided to come up with a book called city of God that as Brown notes would “have a direct confrontation with paganism. 20 Brown notes that Augustine defended Christianity “as the natural, true religion of the whole human race.” 21 By his works, Augustine encourag
Introduction Marketing is an essential aspect of the business today. Even the simplest actions such as selling a car, applying for a job, collecting means for charitable needs or propagandizing an idea, involve marketing analysis. Marketing – a complex system of production organization and sale, focused on the satisfaction of the requirements of particular consumers where the profit is based on a researching and forecasting the market. Studying internal and external factors affecting products’ demands is a major aspect of marketing programs along with working out a strategy and behavior tactics in the market. This paper addresses the issue of price in the context of marketing, where it will present a problem statement that demand and price has been affected by different financial and economic conditions. Analysis The price influence over the consumer’s preferences has been an issue of many researches that analyzed the type of the relation formed. Alvarez and Casielle (2008), in particular, analyzed the influence prices have on consumers’ purchase decisions having found out that there are “differences in the intensity of response to price variances between manufacturer brands and store brands.” The marketing implications for such findings can be found in adjusting the consumers’ interest with discounts, where “categories of product with lower loyalty rates, the application of discounts is the most adequate action, since the use of other promotion actions does not produce any effect.” In forming the acceptance of a certain price there are many other factors involved that might interpret the consumers’ desire to obtain a certain product. Bielski suggests that factors to measure such as “loyalty, customer engagement, and customer satisfaction” are influencing the consumers’ behavior. These factors should also be analyzed against tendencies existent in online purchasing behavior, where such factors such as interactivity occurs (Ammeter&Kim, 2008). Accordingly, the price factor mostly competes with different variables that are studied independently. Nakamoto and Mallalieu (2008), examined the compared different emotional aspects during sales encounter, Orth and Kahle (2008) on the other hand, outlined social psychological issues of brand characteristics stating that consumers seek brand benefits rather than attributes such as price and quality. Problem Statement On the scale of the world financial crisis, the factor of price is definitely could be put at the top list for an average consumer. In that sense, it could be supposed that in light of a decrease in incom
Introduction The article contains a number of significant points that seem relevant to discuss. However, its core idea might be contradictable to an exact extent. Visram gives a brief but consistent overview of the arguments from Stephanie Kelton’s new book – The Deficit Myth. The central assumption of Kelton is that according to Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), the federal deficit may be perceived as a positive phenomenon for the economy. Below, the critical analysis of the latter statement will be provided in order to figure out whether it has a solid and appropriate background or not. Kelton’s Core Idea and its Weakness First, to understand what a budget deficit is, it is important to comprehend what a balanced budget is. The latter is a budget in which government spending is the same as total revenue, but minus the loans that the government has issued. Roughly speaking, a deficit is an increase in debt or addition to debt. It should be noted that Kelton uses an expedient number of concepts from classical economic theory and adapts them to MMT, which makes the train of thought coherent and convincing. Kelton argues that the deficit is not necessarily negatively assessed because it is an increase in costs, and increased costs mean increased production. The latter is growing – taxes are growing, and national income is growing. If the deficit is the result of increased efficient spending, it can lead to increased production. This improves employment, as well as overall income rates. As incomes grow – consumption, investments, and deferred demand demonstrate the same tendency. The deficit is an integral indicator of the economy and a part of it. In general, this topic was first developed by David Riccardo, a theorist who lived immediately after Adam Smith. For example, it was quite a significant action when Reagan increased the budget deficit. This increase in the budget deficit for a certain period contributed to economic growth. During this time, the economy can create so much that then this deficit will be covered. It should be admitted that the governments of all countries are accumulating budget deficits – but not because an economic deficit is inevitable. Deficiency in a modern state is a political phenomenon; it has a very indirect relationship to economic reality. Almost any politician wants to provide the voter with more state benefits and, at the same time, not increase, but even cut taxes. This idea is seductive in every part of the world. Nevertheless, many American states, with reservations and inevitable exceptions, have been able to achieve this; hence, this idea is feasible. And if the agreement on balancing the state budget becomes law, there is no doubt that it will have an extremely positive effect on the economy, if only because it will allow for cutting taxes. The funds remaining in the hands of the people will then become additional fuel for the economy. A balanced budget is extremely important for future generations of Americans. Today, the national debt is $ 3.3 trillion; several hundred billion are added to this amount every year. This is not just an abstract mass of existing debts on paper – the
Introduction It is not known exactly when man’s awareness of self developed. However, it is believed that the notion of self awareness has existed since the creation of man. Philosophers such as René Descartes were among the first to define self concept. In the 20 th century, the concept of the self took a new turn with the emergence of behaviorism and other schools of thought on self concept. Modern thinking of self concept is varied. Humanistic psychology, spiritual concept of self and other theories constitutes modern thinking on self concept. The History of Self Concept The concept of self possibly dates as far back as the beginning of man. This is because there is no sufficient evidence on when man became aware of such intangible personal attributes self-esteem. However, studies in the development of self concept got a boost from the works of Rene Descartes in the 17 th century. Descartes suggested the existence of the ego (non-physical being). The concept of the ego remained anonymous throughout the 17 th , 18 th and 19 th centuries. It is only during the early 20 th century that the concept of the non physical started gaining prominence (Rachlin, 1991: Plotnik, 2005). Some of the early philosophies explaining self concept include behaviorism. Behaviorism is a school of thought suggested by such renowned psychologists as B.F. Skinner and J.B. Watson. Behaviorists concede that self concept can only be understood by carefully interpreting human behavior (Baum, 2005). Within the same period, Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis, the psychology of the study of the mind, which deviated slightly from behaviorism (Elliott, 2002). Humanistic psychology developed later in the mid 20 th century with concepts such as self actualization gaining prominence. Famous humanist psychologists such as Carl Rogers proposed the idea of unconditional recognition, a concept in which the perception of oneself is motivated by unconditional self acceptance. Furthermore, Robert Burns suggested that self concept is a composition of personal attitudes and beliefs. The concept of self has developed further with varied opinions constituting modern thinking. These include the spiritual based concept of self, whereby each of the major religions such Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam, suggest unique philosophies on self concept (Greenberg, 2008). The modern thinking on the self Grego (2007) argues that most of the modern theories on self concept borrow heavily from the works of Rene Descartes. Descartes’ works focus on dualism; the idea that human beings are dual in nature. Most of the modern self concept theorists build their philosophy on self concept around Descartes’ initial idea on the ego. The modern thinking suggests that human beings have an inherent need for motivation. This implies that self concept is largely determined by motivation. There are various factors that determine motivatio
Introduction Supreme Court Judges Selection One of the most elite private clubs in Israel is the Supreme Court. It is mainly dominated by the so called secular Ashkenazim. This is an old boys’ network that has excluded religious judges and Sephardim. In Israel, democracy has been undermined by the current ruling system. There has been the essence of degrading the justices who were in the former Israel court system. These people have come across all forms of frustrations during their term of service. Due to their religious affiliations, their points of view have been marginalized (Toobin 35). In addition, there has not been any form of appreciation for the kind of work done by the former judges during the classical times. The Existing Law This current law in Israel is dominated by the secular Ashkenazim. These groups of people are against the legislation of a new law. Their approach is so rigid because it does not allow room for public debate and is very self selective. This provides the court with a high susceptibility of marginalizing the vast segment of citizens of the country Israel (Martin 120). The process of choosing a judge involves nine people who make up a committee. Of these nine people, three are members of the current court plus a president, a few congressional leaders and one representative of the Israel Bar Association. These people are involved in the selection of the Supreme Court judge. Their actions are not to be made public since they are always held privately. The process is done behind closed doors hence there is neither a debate nor a public oversight during this process. The self selective process shows that the selected person has judicial power reflective of all the members of the high court system. Sadly in Israel, the Judges appointments are not subject to the parliament or the so called “Knesset”. The court is dominated by judicial activism. This means that those in the high court can just create laws that are imaginary which can implement within the shortest time possible (Toobin 40). The amendment or Proposed Law of Israel This proposed law is to provide a transparent procedure in the processes of appointing Supreme Court judges as opposed to the current law. This would involve open approval by the Parliamentary or “Knesset’s” constitution. This procedure also involves the law and justice committee that follows a public hearing. During the public hearing, the candidates would be asked questions relating to their views and opinions on politics. US and UK Methods of Choosing High Court Judges In the US, the high court judge is appointed for life by the president himself; of course this has to be by the consent of the members of the Senate. There has to be an approval by the senate. Such approval may involve good conduct and behavior of the candidate. Before approval, the candidates undergo an intense grilling process on political and social matters (Parcel 14-22). The only thing that can result into the removal of the judges is their impeachment, death or resignation. In the United States, the Supreme Court’s decision is final and the majority will always win. The United States of
COVID-19 has affected daily life and slows down the world economy. It has rapidly altered people’s life, industries, and global marketplaces. Its influence on the retail, consumers, and the e-commerce industry is powerful. Brands and retailers confront many short-term difficulties, such as safety, health concerns, supply chain problems, financial sheets, consumer requirements, and business income. Physical businesses shuttered as the lockdown drove individuals to remain home, with millions of retail workers unable to work. The retail industry has been hit hard by COVID-19 as it has lost physical customers, however, the retail industry has a chance to thrive online thanks to a well-established website, a unique brand history, and proper customer communication. In each country, the retail industry is of prime importance. Retail sale of consumer goods is the most popular type of commercial activity in the world. Despite the economic crisis due to the coronavirus, the retail sector is actively developing and progressing. However, the pandemic greatly affected the algorithm of business. Retail is the sale of goods and services available to all customers in shopping malls and salons through Internet services (Bhatti et al., 2020). The most important element of this trade is the implementation of commercial activities. Another feature is the presence of a certain place where the exchange of goods and money, in most cases, it is a store. The enterprise can be large, medium, or small. In any case, the activity will be built according to the only established rules. They concern interaction with buyers and control services, sanitary and hygienic norms, and quality of goods (Bhatti et al., 2020). Moreover, the retail industry is highly labor-intensive, and any interruptions have huge
In spite of the fact that the XXI century has brought a lot of progress to the mankind, with all the new inventions which scientists have come up with, there are certain things to lose for people as they pass another stage of their development. The so-called phenomenon of McDonaldization which is creeping into every sphere of human’s life and makes things go according to its own timing and order is another side of the sword of progress. Since the processes of McDonaldization are going on even in the sphere of education, it is high time to consider the positive and the negative effects of the new program. The very definition of McDonaldization is rather complicated, since the very process has gone much further than the sphere of cooking and food. Because of the fact that the process touches upon a great variety of concepts and spheres of people’s activities, the definition of McDonaldization embraces many other notions and phenomena. Among the vats variety of the definitions suggested the one which provides the most complete description and does not make the readers plunge into the depth of the other sciences is the one provided by Hayes (2006), who defined the process of McDonaldization as the “iron cage of rationality”. Indeed, the process of McDonaldization involves several key elements, among which the process of creating the society in which the system of rationality will be implanted as the most reasonable one takes the first place. As Ritzer explained the origin of the term and the relations between the origin of the name and the processes which ate going on in the modern society, Indeed, McDonaldization can be seen as an effort to “modernize” Weber’s rationalization thesis. The use of the term McDonaldization reflects my conviction that the fast-food restaurant, rather than Weber’s bureaucracy (and the process of bureaucratization), is the better paradigm for that process in the contemporary world. 1 Whether the process of McDonaldization is positive or negative for the modern society is rather complicated question. On the one hand, the easy of fast-food and the comfort which the fast-food system has brought to people is quite a benefit for the modern society, for people are constantly in hurry and they need certain time-savers. Yet on the other hand there are certain motifs which make people doubt about the reasonability of the McDonaldization process. Among the ideas which make people feel rather doubtful the concept of the higher education and the changes which the higher education will face as McDonaldization will take its toll on the education system are of much importance. It is obvious that peop