ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Facebook The first objective is to increase the number of service users with the help of social media. Despite the fact that the senior population is not proficient enough in the use of platforms such as Facebook, promoting the project P.A.W.S. online will capture the attention of those users who may have parents or grandparents in need for someone to take care of their pets. Strategy Make sure that the project P.A.W.S. Facebook page contains all of the necessary information with regards to services, prices, and objectives of the program. It is important to present the project in the good light and promote it to Facebook users. Tactics   * Make advertisement ‘deals’ with other Facebook pages that have similar aims or interests. For example, project P.A.W.S. can be promoted by a vet clinic’s Facebook page or a community that shares the latest pet news in a specific area. It is likely that Facebook users with pets follow such pages and will see the project P.A.W.S. mentioned in some of the posts.   * Offering discounts on the PAWS services to those users that share and like the Facebook page will be an effective marketing tactic. Furthermore, project P.A.W.S. can host competitions and giveaways to raise awareness and attract a larger audience. Commercial The second objective is reaching a much broader audience than just Facebook users. By creating a commercial that will air on television and online, the project P.A.W.S. will get more publicity and establish itself as a reliable service for senior citizens. Furthermore, the commercial may get the attention of volunteers that can offer their help. Strategy Making a commercial that will cater to the target audience (senior citizens unable to take care of their pets) at the same time with capturing the attention of other people (or potential investors) who may have an interest in projects such as P.A.W.S. Tactics   * Use the target demographic when filming the commercial and appeal to their needs and problems.   * Stress the importance of taking care of pets when their owners are in nursing homes/other care facilities since many animals get abandoned or given away because some care establishments do not allow for their presence.   * The commercial must me short but informative and include a hotline number as well as other contacts so those interested in the services P.A.W.S. offers can call straight away. Brochures The third objective is reaching the audience that could not be reached with the help of social media or television. Brochures are reliable methods of advertising that can be used in hospitals, nursing homes, grocery and pet stores, vet clinics, as well as other places that the target audience visits regularly. Strategy Create visually appealing brochures that can be placed on brochure stands in different locations or just be given away by th
Executive Summary This report provides an analysis of leadership as one of the most important elements in the success of states, organisations, and societies. This analysis has been done by identifying two successful leaders who include Warren Buffet and Oprah Winfrey. The report illustrates their personal profile in the effort to illustrate their leadership capacity. To understand the concept of leadership, the report evaluates the leadership qualities that the two leaders have developed. Moreover, it also evaluates the leadership styles that have been adopted by the two leaders. Through the evaluation, Warren Buffet is identified as the most effective leader. In conclusion, the report recommends what the leaders can do to be successful and/or be able to deal with diverse issues that emerge from leadership positions. Introduction Background Information Leadership refers to the ability of an individual to influence others towards attaining their goals. Any group of people, an organisation, or a country that has no proper leadership in place is prone to conflicts that arise between or among different individuals. The reason behind the conflicts rests on the fact that the organisation, for instance, has no one to steer the affected category towards a specific direction while taking care of the demands of the people he or she leads. Therefore, a leader can be compared to a vehicle’s steering wheel without which the vehicle cannot follow a targeted route. How does one become a leader? Ricketts and Ricketts (2011) reveal that leadership is a learnt behaviour. Hence, anyone has the capacity to acquire leadership skills if he or she is committed to developing such skills. The authors observe that the main role of leaders is to serve. Thus, leaders play a critical role in the proper functioning of organisations, states, nations, and communities. Leaders possess unique characteristics such as respect, responsibility, confidence, and poise. Many people envy these traits. Numerous leaders have emerged over the years. However, their level of success varies significantly. Blanchard and Miller (2012, p. 1) assert, “Some leaders soar above others”. This claim means that although two leaders may be leading under a similar capacity, it is very rare for the two leaders to demonstrate similar headship styles. Subsequently, one can assert that the extent to which leaders are able to influence others is dependent on their personal growth. Considering the changing environment, leaders have an obligation to enhance their growth. Needle (2011) identifies poor leadership as one of the major reasons why some organisations have incurred substantial losses. Warren Buffet and Oprah Winfrey are ranked amongst the most successful leader
Company Introduction Currently, the Children’s National Medical Center, located in Washington, DC, is the only center to offer a program for pediatric sports medicine in the region (Children’s National Health System [CNHS], 2018). It is also known to serve more than 5,000 patients every year, helping young athletes to overcome various sport-related injuries (CNHS, 2018). The current state of the center’s business environment seems to be stable and does not present any immediate threats to the system’s functioning. The main stakeholders in this sector of the healthcare industry are athletes, their families and caretakers, coaches or trainers, and physicians working in the same center (Kroshus et al., 2015). Negative Scenarios The range of scenarios can include positive, negative, and neutral situations (Ramírez & Selsky, 2016). The first adverse scenario deals with a sudden change in health regulations. For instance, the program may no longer be able to receive referrals from other states according to new legal rules that limit out-of-state care. This scenario is highly unlikely (Cairns, Goodwin, & Wright, 2016). It will lead to
Introduction Due to fluctuations in economies, all organizations need to take into consideration concepts of the time value of money in any investment venture. Calculations of future outcomes from current investments play the central role in determining an organization’s sustainability in times of turbulent variations in economies. For example, the value of business units never remains stagnant, but they are in continuous change, hence necessitating organizations to adopt strategies, which will ensure economic sustainability of their businesses. Time value of money not only affects business finance, but also affects both government and user finances, who are the main stakeholders in an organization (Garrison, 2009, Par. 1). Time Value of Money Time value of money (TVM) is a monetary approximation, which gives worth to money at hand more value than future expectations of financial gains. It helps in weighing investment ventures, hence providing solutions to financial problems primarily resulting from mortgages, allowances, and savings. Finances held presently by an organization are more worth compared to expectations of future gains because the organizations can invest them, hence gain an organization profits in the future. The main principle of investment in TVM is; organizations can convert future expectations of monetary gain to an equal value “today.” Organizations can calculate future gains from an investment so long as any four of the following are available: current expenditures, present and expected future value, charged interest rate, and time span needed for an investment (Cedar spring software, 2002, Para 1-4). In TVM, organizations obtain future value through compounding interest, which present investments will bring into an organization. As operational time changes, organizations should add obtained gains on investments to original invested capital, which an organization should use to calculate future times interests. Importance of Time Value of Money For organizations to avoid risks associated with poor investments, they should always consider both the incremental and total cash flows resulting from an investment. This involves analyzing the following components: previous outlays, scale value, expected cash flows from ventures, terminal value, and correct timing in organizing investment projects. All these should play a central in all decisions made by an organization to ensure viability of business ventures. In business, positive incremental cash flows play the central role of giving business directions, because it indicates sustainable business ventures (Adair, 2005, pp. 185-187). For organizations to meet all business obligations for example loan repayments and payroll requirements, they must always keep correct records of their cash flow, for they will help to maintain the credibility of businesses to both investors and stakeholders. On the other hand, for or
Elasticity: Definition The changes in demand and the cost of a product are crucial to the efficacy of business. More importantly, the two variables in question are often codependent. Although claiming that one inevitably affects the other would be quite a stretch, the correlation between the two allows locating the pricing strategy of an organization and defining its place in the global economy realm. In economics, the concept of elasticity is used to denote the correlation between the demand for a certain product or a commodity and its price (Mankiw 90). To put it differently, the degree to which the target customers need a particular product or a service define the price that a company may set for it. Price Elasticity of Demand: Calculation To locate the price elasticity of demand, one will have to divide the change in quantity by the change in the price of a product or a commodity (“Gasoline Prices Tend to Have Little Effect on Demand for Car Travel” par. 4). Therefore, the degree of price elasticity in the examples provided will equal the following: The correlations displayed above show the principle of elasticity in action. Since the elasticity rates of the pack of cigarettes (example B) are lower than those of the price for a laptop, it can be assumed that the PED for the laptop is more elastic. Therefore, the price and the demand for the laptop are in direct proportion to each other unless other factors are introduced into the equation. Elasticity and Its Importance for Business The concept of elasticity is crucial for making business as it helps set proper expectations concerning the purchase rates and the customer behavior in the target market. As a result, a company will be capable of setting an adequate price that will attract the target denizens of the population. As a result, the competitiveness of an organization is likely to increase. Bridge Tolls The demand to cross a bridge cannot be viewed as elastic as it barely has anything to do with any of the factors outside of the necessity to get to the other side of the river. Therefore, it is essential that the toll for crossing the bridge should remain inelastic; as a result, the demand of the customers will be satisfied (“Elasticity” par. 5). Beachfront Properties The price elasticity rates for beachfront properties can be deemed as rather high since the price for renting or buying a house located at the seashore depe
Introduction Inherit the wind is a Hollywood film produced in 1960 following inherit the wind play. The movie is an allegory that fictionalizes the 1925 Scopes Money Trial. This is aimed at criticizing McCarthyism. The movie reacted to the chilling outcome of the McCarthy period, which entailed an examination of the academic discourse. The movie plays a critical role as far as the understanding of creation is concerned. In 1925, Scopes was charged in the court of law for teaching the Darwinian theory of creation. It was perceived that teaching high school students the theory was affect their faith and interfere with their belief. The Tennessee state law stated that children at the high school were not to be introduced to theories that would infiltrate knowledge as far as the understanding of creation is concerned. In the movie, Matthew Harrison, Henry Drummond, and Bertram Cates are some of the characters that represent scholars at the time such as William Bryan, Darrow, and Scopes. Even through the producers of the movie state in the beginning that the movie does not represent the chronology of events, it is shown clearly that the movie portrays a historical account. This article conducts a critical review of the film by showing how it portrays the period and events. The article also looks at the accuracy of the film 1 . A synopsis of the Film The movie shows a teacher in the Southern town who was charged for introducing students to one of the controversial theories of creation. The teacher introduced students to the Darwinian Theory, which was contrary to the laws of the state. The teacher informed students that man is a descendant of the apes, something that the society was reluctant to accept. The teacher encountered criticisms from various sections, especially the church since the reverend was the first to deny the allegations. The teacher was arrested for giving students information that was perceived to be controversial since not all scientists agreed that Darwin’s theory was accurate. The case was exciting was it was to be attended by famous individuals, including Matthew Brady, who had previously vied for the presidential seat. Brady was always against the theory by Charles Darwin since he was a scholar of religion. His area of interest academically was the study of the Bible. The three times presidential candidate would act as a prosecutor alongside other prosecutors including the town’s attorney. Brady observed that it was his responsibility to teach the naïve teacher the true story of creation 2 . However, the three times presidential candidate was in for a rude shock because one of the best American legal experts represented the teacher, even though he was considered so controversial. Apart from being a legal expert, Drummond was an enemy of the three times presidential candidate. The case attracted attention from
Introduction The research seeks to establish and explain the possible causes of environmental degradation in in Yarra River, located in Melbourne, Australia. The river has been diversely affected by human settlement at its banks from its catchment area to the end of its course. The degradation of the Yarra River started with the clearing of the habitat around the banks followed by mining of gold around 1850’s. Problem and Aim Environmental degradation on the Yarra river is caused by both human and natural causes. The research aims to answer the following questions. (i) What are the likely (or known) water pollution issues in an urbanized catchment that the Yarra River may experience? (ii) Is there any information (published or unpublished) available on water quality of the Yarra River? Who is managing it and steps taken? Methods During the research, secondary methods of data were used ,especially published and unpublished investigations. There have been several researches conducted by government bodies, community development agencies as well as many departments in the universities in Australia. Data collected from these secondary sources was used to find out what other sources of pollution are at the river Yarra, its management and steps being taken to protect the river from further pollution. Results Results from the studies done, show that there has been a significant change in the Yarra River from the 19 th century to the present. The river has been polluted by both natural and human causes. Human causes are water harvesting, land use change, construction of roads, storm drain water. Human Causes of pollution Water harvesting. The upper part of the river provides water to the inhabitants of Melbourne, and has done so since around 1872 (Carroll, 1988).Damming and building of river channels has affected the natural course of the river. The damming prevents flood plains from getting the sediments the biota needs and may also cause salinity that can affect the agriculture. Land use change. Over the years the people along the river Yarra have cleared natural habitats to allow farming, construction of roads and urbanization. Construction of building and roads next to the river causes erosion. In case it rains as foundations are dug, silt flow to the river that affects many recreational activities in the river. Symonds (1982) Faecal contamination causes pollution in the river. This happens when sewage and storm water mixes as it flows into the river. Illegal connections of sewers to drains, causes faecal contamination according to EPA Victoria (2007) screening for faecal contamination in the river Yarra (p. 23). Untreated Industrial waste dumping in rivers is harmful to the flora and fauna in the river. Heavy metals that are found in these factories are harmful especially since Yarra river is a source of water for Melbourne. Gold Mining started as early as 1841 acc
Introduction In chapter six, the author talks about the importance of writing reports and proposals in an organization. It gives the two types of report audiences, i.e., internal and external audiences. It also offers the categories of research and the importance of writing proposal. There are factors that determine the format of reports and proposals in the chapter. This paper focuses on highlighting what is liked and disliked about the chapter. What is liked in chapter 6 Various things are liked about the chapter. The way the chapter is organized is a thing that is admired. Different reports and proposals, their formats and characteristics are good. The writer says that they are important tools of communication. The intended message is conveyed clearly. It is interesting to learn about the roles played by efficient reporting. Reports also conceal information in a firm, providing privacy in a business (Hynes, 2011). The role played by memos in passing information within a firm is presented well. If clearly written and well used, then they can be effective in communicating within a company. Reports also act as evidence of what has been spent in business. They show what event took place and when. Hynes (2011) argues that, in transmitter reports, a writer uses a style that may motivate readers to read and interpret data. He or she may decide to acknowledge authors where he or she borrowed some information from or those who assisted him or her to write a report. In other words, a good report writer should acknowledge and respect other writers’ works (Hynes, 2011). Proposals help to solve problems in business establishments across the world. A well-written proposal identifies a problem, gathers data about that specific problem, analyzes data, and gives the findings and recommendations to the management for actions (Hynes, 2011). This helps to solve problems that could negatively impact performance outcomes. Another aspect that is liked is how information is given on how managers and supervisors can use various methods of communication. For example, emails are effective in communication between managers and supervisors. Once proper channels are used in a company, its operations run smoothly, and time and energy are saved (Hynes, 2011). The chapter has utilized visual materials to capture the reader’s attention. For example, the author has used pie charts and bar graphs correctly, drawing the reader’s concentration. This also makes it easy to compare different items that are used in a firm. What is disliked from chapter 6 There are other things that make the chapter to be unappealing to a reader. These include data that are not well organized. These types of data give inaccurate results, which is not important in any way. Data should be written for neatness. Another thing that is disliked in the chapter is a lack of methods of data
The development of effective tools for program evaluation remains a critical task since the ability to conduct accurate and focused evaluations impacts the quality of life in many situations. The first chapter of the book by Rossi, Lipsey, and Freeman (2004) introduces the basic concepts related to program evaluation and its practical aspects. Focusing on the process of evaluation, the source outlines the history of the practice and illustrates the concept using examples. The chapter refers to a variety of ideas related to social and political studies, paying special attention to the meaning of program evaluation. The process of program evaluation is defined as a series of steps taken to analyze the planned social programs in terms of effectiveness and distinguish between the worthwhile and insignificant ones (Rossi et al., 2004). Social programs that are understood as any organized efforts aimed at solving certain social issues are evaluated with attention to their target populations, the outcomes of implementation strategies, and the degree to which program costs align with the expected benefits. Modern evaluation tools can range from cost-effectiveness analysis to randomized experiments that use reliable sampling techniques which reduce the effects of biases on results. In the context of program evaluation, these and other methods are applicable to a large number of social programs, including the establishment of non-profit healthcare organizations for financially disadvantaged citizens (Rossi et al., 2004). The method of program evaluation can be applied to decisions concerning reductions in tuition costs for low-income students or the provision of free nutritional supplements to improve children’s health. According to Rossi et al. (2004), each evaluation plan should be unique and specific. The evaluation criteria are to be chosen based on the analysis of the target population, and the process is to be structured using different domains such as need, delivery, and outcome. There are many programs such as Play 60 aimed at the reduction of childhood obesity rates with the help of free football training sessions (Walker & Hills, 2017). With this initiative in mind, it is possible to construct a method of program evaluation including the assessment of needs – the statistical analysis of obesity prevalence in the location. To prevent the misuse of resources, it is critical to evaluate the quality of underlying theories, for instance, determine whether the intended objectives (reductions in obesity) are realistic and properly defined. As for the implementation domain, evaluators need to answer questions concerning coaches’ qualifications, the presence of necessary equipment, and the logic of training sessions. Concerning effectiveness and efficiency, such evaluations can be conducted with the help of controlled experiments with pre- and post-intervention measurements and comparative analysis of program costs and actual changes in obesity levels. To sum up, the chapter reviews and explains the notion of program evaluation with reference to some so