ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Deafness refers to the loss of hearing capacity either partially or completely. In other words, deafness is defined as a disorder that affects hearing ability. According to the National Association of the Deaf (NAD), deafness is an audiological state where one is not capable of hearing. This includes those with limited hearing ability. Deafness is defined based on the part of the hearing system affected either as sensorineural or conductive. Sensorineural deafness is the deafness attributed to a failure of the nervous system. On the other hand, conductive deafness is due to the destruction of fibers (ossicles) transmitting sound to the nervous system. This inhibits the ossicles from conducting sound as well as the eardrum from detecting the sound (Dobie, Van Hemel, and National Research Council, 11). Analysis Deafness is a problem that can be traced throughout the evolution of mankind. There was even developed the culture of deaf people. This culture has concentrated much on the use of sign language in communicating with others. This forms the basis of interaction and socialization amongst the deaf. Deafness is a disorder featured with a global outlook. More specifically, deafness is not characterized as a disability; instead; it is viewed as an obstruction to verbal communication. Consequently, the deaf is considered as people within a certain language minority (Dobie et al. 42). Deafness can be inborn (congenital) or acquired later in life. However, this only defines the time upon which it occurs, but it does not ascertain if the cause is genetic. Both the inborn and acquired deafness can be inherited. In regards to inborn deafness, heredity accounts for more than half of the congenital deafness cases. Apart from genetic conditions, other causes also result in congenital deafness. These include pregnancy infections, such as toxoplasmosis and birth defects. Relative to acquired deafness, genetics plays the main part, but mostly it is attributed to other various causes. These are certain diseases, infections, medicines, aging, trauma, loud noise, earwax build-up, infectious fluids, foreign objects, and scars or holes in the eardrum. Sensorineural deafness is associated with aging, acoustic neuroma, certain medicines-aminoglycosides, Meniere’s disease, loud noise, and childhood infections. Childhood infections that result in deafness include meningitis, mumps, measles, and scarlet fever. Regarding the noise, the prevalence of background noise is a big challenge that contributes to deafness. Noise is common everywhere including workplaces, particularly, industries. Exposure to such kinds of noise can lead to or intensify deafness. Conductive deafness is linked to earwax buildup, infectious fluids, foreign objects, and scars or holes in the eardrum. The conductive deafness’ causes are temporary whereas those of sensorineural are permanent. In regards to aging, hearing capacity reduces as the age increases. This is a n
The Scope of the Work The refurbishment work will consist of a total repair of the whole house. The first step will involve removing the old roof and disposing it carefully before replacing it with a new one. The quality of the current roof has deteriorated as a result of being attacked by rust. The second task will be to replace some of the doors and windows that have grown extremely old and painting those that can be reused. This task will also involve replacing the old and faulty locks. The third task will involve removing the existing tiles on the floor and replacing them with new ones. The contractor will also be required to replace the existing ceilings, which are also in a bad state. The fifth task the contractor will undertake is repairing the bathroom and kitchen. The last job will involve re-painting the walls, ceilings, roof, doors, windows, and other parts of the house, both from inside and outside. The Risks Involved There are a number of risks involved the refurbishment of the house especially when it is left in the hands of a contractor. The risks in this case include: the cost of the refurbishment, the quality of the work, the project’s duration, the delays that could occur, the claims that could arise, and any other potential disputes that may crop up. In most cases, the potential disputes are propagated by misallocation of risk during the refurbishment process. The contract risks have to be identified in time to avoid legal issues and any other misunderstandings between the owner of the house and the contractor. The cost risks involved in the refurbishment involve the expenses that will be incurred in the purchase of new materials, which are supposed to be used in replacing the old ones. The risks relating to the quality of the job will be determined by the outcome of the refurbishment. The risks concerning time, delays and any claims that may arise out of breaching the contract will be determined at the end of the whole refurbishment. If the contractor fails to allocate the risks well, any other disputes that may crop up later will be considered to have been caused by negligence on his part. Allocating Risks in the Construction Contract The risks in the construction contract will be allocated based on four principles: the ability of the contractor to carry out the refurbishment, the alignment of the objectives of the refurbishment, the allocation the risks according to the preferred goals of the owner, and the provision of risks based on the promotion of the relationship between the owner and the contractor. According to the first principle, the contractor will be responsible for the evaluation, control, costs and benefits that will result from his assumptions. This type of allocation will reduce the overall price of the contract since the contractor will not have to include the possibility of financial losses within
Introduction Job study is an integral part of identifying and determining the specific obligations and necessities and the comparative significance of the obligations of a specific job position. The study involves a procedure where verdicts are arrived at on information gathered regarding a particular job. Importantly, job study is not about the person holding the position but the study of the job itself. Job study helps in establishing and documenting the ‘work relatedness’ of engagement processes including staffing and selection (Overman, 2010). Job Study In creating job titles in the human resource department, it is critical to begin with undertaking job study. The process involves the specification of the contents, techniques and dealings of the job to satiate technological and administrative requirements. It focuses on inputs and outputs of the required transformations. In so doing, one considers the human and corporate factors that influence the transformation. As a human resource, I have selected the following job titles for the existing five positions within the HR function: HR Generalist, HR Coordinator, HR Specialist, HR Consulta
Introduction Customers form a critical asset for any organization seeking to remain profitable and maintain competitive advantage in the ever changing business environment. Their handling, especially over the telephone, is of germane importance if employees and management expect to retain the engine that drives their businesses (Penoyer, 2008). This paper serves as a formal training document that outlines the expectations of handling phone calls. Elements of Answering the Phone All members of staff must realize that the telephone forms the primary point of contact between the customers and the business, thus the way calls are answered influences the customers’ perceptions and expectations of the business. In this perspective, all incoming calls must be answered before the third ring to avoid keeping the customer waiting, and the employee answering the phone must always project a warm and enthusiastic environment. Employees must note that the welcoming voice a customer hears at the other end to a large extent influence his or perceptions of the business (Longenecker et al., 2005; Ward, 2011). Telephone receivers in formal settings must always ensure that messages sent from the customer’s end are completely and accurately understood to avoid any inconven
In his article “Race, Space and Class: The Politics of the SF Film from Metropolis to Blade Runner”, David Desser had made a perfectly good point while stating: “…the themes and techniques of such (sci-fi) films in any given era may be held as an index of the dominant political and ideological concerns of the culture” (1997, 110). This Desser’s idea correlates with Michel Foucault’s suggestion that the validity of just about any worldview cannot be discussed as representing an objective value, simply because it is namely the ability of such a worldview to fit within the context of currently dominant historical discourse, which deems it appropriate or otherwise. For example, 100 years ago world’s aboriginal people could not possibly be concerned with the idea of ‘national liberation’, due to the absence of objective preconditions that would enable them to even consider themselves being a part of some nation. By 20 th century’s sixties and seventies, the ‘national liberation’ movements in Third World became an important part of local socio-political reality. However, by the end of 20 th century, the idea of ‘national liberation’ had proven fallacious, simply because by liberating themselves from ‘colonial oppression’, aboriginal people were simultaneously becoming liberated from law, order and other benefits of civilized living. As of today, even the most ardent proponents of multiculturalism try not to indulge in talks about ‘national liberation’ too much. Thus, in order for us to be able to come up with the analysis of themes, contained in 2009 movie “Avatar”, we would have to define preconditions that prompts today’s seemingly intelligent individuals to come with ridiculous suggestions that, within the context savagery vs. civilization, it is namely savagery’s agenda that should be considered ‘moral’. As it will be shown throughout the paper, these preconditions are similar to those that, during the course of 4 th -5 th centuries A.D., had set Roman Empire on the path of rapid decline. Nowadays, many naïve individuals believe that the emergence of a so-called ‘post-colonial’ genre in literature and cinematography was possible because, by continuously expanding their intellectual horizons, people naturally become less euro-centrically minded and more tolerant. However, the actual explanation as to what represents metap
Health promotion communication strategies have raised ethical concerns because they aim at altering peoples view. The issues raised have been discussed broadly by Nurrit Guttman in his article, Ethical Issues in Health Promotion and Communication. The author discusses the impacts of promoting health using digital social platforms. He has also analyzed the way health intervention information is developed, tested, articulated, and disseminated to the public by health care officials. According to the author, the fact that health promotion aims at influencing relationships, beliefs, lifestyles, and social norms raises several moral dilemmas and issues (Guttman, 2017). This paper discusses the role of healthcare professionals in solving the ethical issues raised in Guttman’s paper. The health promotion communication process is influenced and funded by powerful private or public organizations and government agencies, whose motives are questionable. Ethical issues arising from the advertisement in media include exaggerations, extreme emotional appeals, provocative tactics, use of children, and omissions. The writer alludes that the key ethical concerns in the process are associated with the infringement of citizens’ privacy, interference with the rights to autonomy, equity, and freedom of choice. The intervention communicated through the digital platforms may have unintended adverse effects on some target audience’s psychological well-being. This is because their norms, lifestyles, or beliefs are shown as negative models or they may be stigmatized. Additionally, the health promotion communication strategies used sometimes have effects on some cultural aspects of the community (Edelman et al., 2017). For instance, they might idealize specific lifestyles. In my opinion, health care professionals should use democracy when developing an intervention affecting multicultural settings. In addition, they should perform their duties of ensuring that a health promotion communication strategy favored by funders is not detrimental to the public. Furthermore, they should obtain consent from the citizens on issues that may infringe their privacy, autonomy, and freedom of choice before advertising the promotion. Deontological theories require people to perform their duties and obligations when involved in decision-making processes where ethical issues are under considerations (Kruger, 2016). This implies that it is the duty of an individual to follow her or his obligations to society and people when handling duties (Lazar & Graham, 2019). Therefore, health care workers in health promotion sectors are required to uphold their conflicts of interest code, which needs them to avoid relationships with companies that influence their capacity to make fair and objective decisions. The ethical philosophy based on rights should have been employed by healthcare workers in making decisions concerning health promotion communication strategies. This theory necessitates the principles of ethics such as j
Abstract The aim of this research is to explore the adoption of biofuels at the British Airways. It is has been noted the aviation industry contributes to more than two percent of human-emitted carbon dioxide emissions. The rapid growth in the industry driven by increasing demands by travellers has done nothing significant to ensure the decline in the rates of emissions, but the aviation industry is nonetheless focused on reducing their rates of emissions and impacts on the environment through new ways of fuelling planes. One major approach that has gained recognition is the use of biofuels. The case study of British Airways shows that the aviation industry can work with other stakeholders to develop biofuels without necessarily destroying forests and creating food scarcity and still contribute to environmental conservation. Aims, Objectives and Rationale The aim of this research is to explore the sustainability of biofuels in the aviation industry by focusing on British Airways. It is imperative t
A particular concern in the subject of gender and sexuality studies is how socially constructed biasness coupled with prejudices, especially on issues of sexuality, sex and gender, influence the process of scientific research, and theory alongside the way science-oriented social constructions are made. Gender and sexuality specialty cut across many topics including “The science and politics of sex hormone research, theories of the etiology of sexual orientation, the use of animal models to “explain” human behavior, and the sexual politics behind the medicalization of intersexuality” (Bronski Para.1). Fausto-Sterling stands out as a leading scholar in specialties of gender and sexuality. She eloquently addresses the topic on gender and sexuality not only from biological contexts but also from social dimensions. Sex categorization is a central theme in the perspectives of sexuality and cultural concerns in gender studies. It intrigues the reader to come into acquaintance with how sex categorization is conducted. Legal systems perhaps have a certain interest in holding the opinion that there are only two sexes (Fausto-Sterling 54). Surprisingly, the categorization of people as women and men is widely questionable. For instance, considering the world’s renowned female athletes, one can argue that the women possess some traits of men. Perhaps the theory of categorization of people based on androgens and estrogen would propose that they are more of men in relation to women. Perhaps this takes one to the dilemma of true sexual identities of intersexual persons. Arguably, biological entity like sex is inexistence. Sexual differentiation in terms of male or female is a socially constructed personal expression of perceptions about the differences amongst various sexes. Science is dependent on facts. However, facts embracing branding sex as male or female suffer enormous challenges since it fails to incorporate intermediaries. From my experience, the issue of gender division into ‘male’ and ‘female’ is rather widely observable in almost every industry. The traditional physical characterization of sex is perhaps a big concern in the modern gender and sexuality discourses. For inductance in the factory settings, there are jobs reserved for men, with others predominantly meant for women. Men are masculine based on people’s perceptions. Therefore, the jobs allocated to them require heavy inputs of energy such as loading and offloading. On the other hand, women get feminine tasks that are less energy intensive such as packaging of less bulky goods. Unfortunately, these divisions of labor based on sexual characteristics appear to be a socially constructed prejudice. There are women who are able to handle hard tasks even better compared to men. As a way of example, traditionally, decision-making tasks stand out as a reserve for men. The main argument behind this is that men are better logical thinkers in relation to women. What will one say about women leaders who have recorded incredible success of organizations in terms of their making of subtle policies? Basing
Introduction The socialist republic of Vietnam had a war within its borders, putting its north against south. The north eventually won it in 1975, but at the time, the country was already politically isolated. However, following efforts by the government to institute both political and economic reforms since 1986, the country has made important milestones in this endeavor. Vietnam is a one-party state where the government has an official commitment to socialism although it seems to be shifting to capitalism. The United State’s, in an independent audit into Vietnam in 2004, classified its human rights record as ‘poor’. In addition, the country is ranked 128 in terms of democracy by world audit and 133 in terms of press freedom. Out of the 150 countries ranked, Vietnam is considered among the least democratic countries. The major economic activity for Vietnam is agriculture and particularly the growth of wet rice. The government operated a planned economy for farmers which began with the collection of farms under a government program. After a decade under this program, little had been achieved as it was plagued by corruption and inefficiency. It also suffered due to the embargos against it placed by development partners. The country’s GDP had been growing at 8% between 1990 and 1997, then at 7% between 2000 and 2005, owing the growth in a shift to a free market economy whose emphasis was on private ownership of agricultural, commercial and industrial firms. This kind of growth, which is one of the highest in the world, according to the statistics, could only be realized with minimal government control of the economy. However, government control does not always limit development. In china, a developed country, the government operates a centrally planned economy with good results. On the other hand a study of Myanmar’s economy asserts that it has largely been curtailed by the reluctance of the government opening the doors to free the market (Okamoto et al 3). Draper and Ramsey (7) define a good society as “one that satisfies the greatest good for the greatest number”. According to Nobel laureate Amartya Sen and Martha Naussbaum, meeting physical needs, physical safety insurance, informed decision making and presence of political and civil rights are the major factors for consideration in deciding whether human life is good or otherwise. A ‘good’ human life, they claim, is the cornerstone to a good society. In determining whether Vietnam is a good society or not, several factors have to be considered. The most important of these factors is Human Development. A transformational index study done by Stiftung in 2010, puts Vietnam at position 114 out of the 128 surveyed in terms of democracy, 59 in the market economy category and 66 using the management index. On average, the country was position 78 out of 128. On a scale of 1 to 10, therefore, Vietnam ranks 4. While Vietnam performs well in her
There are so many naval traditions, which amaze ordinary people with its simplicity and unbelievable significance at the same period of time. One of the most captivating traditions is the burial of a White Hat at sea. This tradition makes an E-7 Chief Petty Officer, who is in transition from an E-6 First Class Petty Officer, burn his/her white hat at sea. In order to demonstrate how a person is grateful to wear the uniform that serves for a certain period of time, and how he/she appreciate the chance to say the words of honor to this uniform. It is not just one more White Hat in this life; it is something more important, like an amulet that has accompanied a person during the years of service as a seaman or a Petty Officer of different classes. This is why a eulogy for the E-6 White Hat is the smallest thing that has to be made. My personal eulogy for E-6 First Class Petty Officer White Hat demonstrates how significant the years of my service with that White Hat were to me. Making an E-7 Chief Petty Officer is one of the biggest milestones in my life and my career, a significant step into better future, a goal that is almost achieved. It is not that easy to say “Good Bye” for my White Hat in a short period of time. There are so many things have been uniting us: first meeting with new friends, attempts to follow the time in order to perform the necessary duties, first exams, and first disappointments. One day, a person realizes how cruel and unfair this world is, and it is necessary to have some kind of support to rely on any time. People are not honest all the time; this is why it is better to choose another object to be sure about possible help. My uniform served as such kind of support each time. When I wore it, I felt a bit more courageous, a bit more confident, and even a bit happier. This uniform always reminds me why I am here and why I should be strong and ready for any challenge. If people still believe that they certainly have their own guardian angels, I can say that my White Hat was my guarding angel all the time. When I saw the White Hat for the first time in my life, I had already known that it is a symbol of a Navy that I had to wear with honor. I could not lose it, I had to care about it, and I had no right to change my hat with someone else. Wearing and caring about my White Hat was my first duty, and I had to be as responsible as possible. I agree it was a bit hard, but I also comprehend that my life in a Navy without the White Hat could be much more difficult. This is why I was happy each time I wore this White Hat. However, the time when I have to say “Good bye” to my White Hat has come. I cannot postpone or omit it. The only thing I have to do right now is to look at it once again, remember all those challenges, we have passed together, and demonstrate my proud and enough powers to change my E-6 White Hat for something more important, more serious, and more prospective, and be ready to become an E-