ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Our modern life is full of different problems which have been touching the publicity for many years. The topics of the wars, political scandals, elections and the great number of other problems pestered the first line of the newspapers and magazines, TV programs and radio transmissions. Unfortunately, this every day routine of the problems deliberately puts us off. From time to time people forget about those problems which are more important, that is children. But children demand our protection and understanding most of all. The theme of insiders and outsiders and their effect on life of children is very popular and one of the most interesting and controversial in modern and classical literature. It is possible to cite the great number of such literature examples. Octavian Nothing written by M.T. Anderson belongs to the kind of books which can disclose completely all problems and describe in what way insides and outsides effect the life of children. Octavian Nothing written by M.T. Anderson describes the story of the black slave boy, Octavian and his life way. It is a perfect example of the inners’ an outers’ influence on children and their life. Octavian is an African-American slave, who was born and brought up in luxuries society. In accordance with his own understanding, he belongs to the outstanding and famous family and his mother is a queen. The boy lives in this surrounding, being treated like a real prince, but in fact he even does not realize, that his family is only a part of the so-called experiment the main target of which is to see whether the blacks have the same biological and psychological properties as the whites. The story is the depiction of life, dreams and feelings of a boy, who appears in the society, treating him like a part of the experiment. Later Octavian realized that his own vision of his personality differs from that of a society he lives in. Outsiders have great influence on his life and alter his own feelings about the society and people near him: we avoid our own society, so much as may be avoided. Then we must sit knee to knee. We do not speak…( Anderson, p. 332). As a result, the boy becomes aware of the problems of freedom and self-control, slavery and independence, knowledge and unawareness, which were unfamiliar to him earlier. He learned to love people around him and realized that they can be kind as well as cruel. Another bright example of dependence, lack of freedom, reappraisal of values and influence of insiders and outsiders upon the child can be found in the book Feed by Anderson. The main protagonist of the book is again a boy, Titus, whose life completely depends on the feed. Like Octavian, Titus lives under permanent control, all his thoughts and feelings are dependent upon the feed: your body control, your emotions, your memory. Everything. Sometimes feed errors are fatal. I don’t know… I could loose… ( Anderson, p.136). The lack of freedom and understanding from society greatly effects inner state of the character. Titus has hardly lost his girlfriend Violet. This accident helped Titus to realize the e
Abstract Technology has greatly improved the efficiency of firms to deliver services to their clients in a more effective way. Automation of services has highly reduced the amount of labour required to carry out the services and hence reducing the overall cost of production. An increase in the wage rate and labour being a factor of production will mean an increase in the cost of production. This also means there will be an increase in the supply of labour due to the high wage rate being offered, but since firms have the option of automating their services, they will computerize their services causing unemployment. Economic Analysis of the Situation Increased wage rate has the effect of increasing the cost of production and since firms are in the business to make profits, they will increase the prices of their products. An increase in the prices of goods will lead to a reduction in the amount needed in the market, which is in line with the law of demand (Melvin, & Boyes, 2002). The demand for labour is highly dependent on the productivity of the worker and since machines are more productive as compared to humans, firms are likely to automate their services. This may increase the supply of the quantities being produced hence increasing the profits resulting from the sales. At higher wage rates, the demand for labour will be less than the lower rates. For an employer to be persuaded to employ additional workers, the wage rate must be lower to compensate for the fact that the extra worker adds less to total revenue than the previous one (Himmelweit, Simonetti, & Trigg 2001). An inverse relationship between the wage rate and the number of people that firms employ exist. The higher the wage rate the lower the number of people employed. This is mainly to help reduce the cost of production. In addition, an enhancement of the wage rate augments the chance of cost of leisure, which may decrease the overall efficiency of the worker. This shows that increasing the wage rate encourages firms to automate their services. Since automating services is more productive as compared to increasing employees, firms will not incur any loss and hence only the employees who lose their jobs will be on the losing end. The high number of the unemployed will increase the dependency ratio, which will significantly decrease the national income. Automating services is likely to reduce the total cost of production and this will benefit the firms. This shows that increasing the wage rate will create problems rather than solutions in the employment sector. Firms can do without the workers because they have an option of automating their services but employees cannot do without their employers since they depend on them for income. Increasing the wage rate will increase the dependency ratio of the unemployed to the employed and hence policy makers should reconsider their decision (Saltsman, 2014). The government should come up with other ways of improving the employment sector rather than increasing the wage rate, such as giving grants to the middle earners. Since technology is of more benefits to firms, it should be embraced by all the sectors
In a quest for the leadership of the Columbia Industries, Inc., to address the safety and performance problems with the Hyster lift trucks formally presented by the head mechanic, a number of options were explored. Crucial in the specifications to address the problems included maneuverability, safety, maintenance costs, and mast extensions that could reach 260 inches. The search for solutions was further reinforced by the failure of Columbia Industries Inc., to address in a timely manner the needs of their customers due to limited trucks, which impacted adversely on their customer base. The procedure to purchase the lift tracks undertaken by Mr. Stuart West, the industrial engineer, Mr. Jacques Debre, the plant manager, and Ms Sandra Orgosky, the plant engineer followed a process where each of the 5 companies (Komatsu, Toyota, yale, Caterpillar, and Hyster) were provided adequate opportunities to provide demonstrations of their lifts for evaluation purposes. Each of the salesmen of these companies provided their presentations and product offerings, but attempted to use means to influence the decision to have their lift trucks bought, with the exemption of Komatsu narrated about their lifts. Hyster relied on past business relationships and regular meetings with Mr West, Caterpillar and Komatsu extracted secrets about other companies, Toyota made little effort though they had reliable machines. The company had settled on purchasing five weight lifts instead of seven as was the initial requirement therefore limiting the flexibility of addressing the concerns of the workers. However, Caterpillar was the company that completely addressed the needs of the buying center. That was because Yale offered relatively cheaper machine at $ 17, 380 and surpassed the safety and performance expectations.
First Activity: Lecture Materials: Lecture Topic: Understand Language Learning Strategies for EFL Learners (60 minutes) Learning Objectives A student will be able to:   * Understand different language learning strategies;   * Assess learning strategies in the context of cognitive theories, as well as appropriate models of foreign language acquisition;   * Understand the concept of learners’ autonomy   * Integrate instructed foreign language learning into second language acquisition;   * Develop cooperation and recycling vocabulary; The teacher’s mission is to:   * To present information about the leading theories that will help students understand the importance of developing language learning strategies;   * Evaluate the level of students’ readiness to accept the new information;   * Draw student’s attention to the important issues of the subject;   * Find out strategies for checking students performance; Areas Reflected for Learner Choice and Decision-Making To improve learners’ autonomy, it is highly necessary to understand students’ attitudes concerning their language learning experiences. At this point, it is purposeful for a teacher to conduct a set of interviews that will seek to define student’s decision-making processes in EFL learning, reflect students’ attitudes and perceptions regarding the current and previous language learning strategies. During the interview, the teacher should be able to adequately evaluate the difficulties and challenges that each student faces while developing a set of learning strategies. More importantly, the role of the teacher is also confined to monitoring the students’ feedback on developing learners’ autonomy. Description of the Activities and Justification During this activity, the teacher should provide information about the leading strategies for memory training, as well as define the main aspects of successful communication and cooperation. It is also highly important to engage students in discussion and find out which strategy they use to improve their language and learn vocabulary. Instructors should make use of Power-Point presentation representing the main points of the theoretical material, using various charts, graphs, and images. These materials would encourage the active participation of EFL students in discussion. As per the structure, the first 15 minutes should be dedicated to interrogation and brain-warming activities. For the next 30 minutes, the instructor should give explanations to the main theoretical and practical issues. Finally, the remaining quarter of an hour will be spent on rev
A blockchain refers to a type of permanent public ledger. Its primary use includes the authentication and storing of information concerning transactions. A blockchain prioritizes security, validation, and trustworthiness between the exchange of data within digital spaces. Its functionality can be summarized by events occurring within a decentralized network that is disrupted, immediately signifying tampering (Pelletier, 2018). Though it was initially restricted to being utilized in cryptocurrency, its going advancements have made blockchain implementable within banks, hospitals, and even education. Colleges and universities utilize blockchain technology in order to authenticate educational credentials as well as academic records. The nature of the blockchain eliminates the opportunity for individuals to forge or misrepresent credentials or any other vital documents. Additionally, the blockchain allows students to use a platform that can store all their academic achievements. This is especially important in the modern day, where online education is common, and students may receive a variety of degrees from different institutions. Certain organizatio
The current methodology The project described in the case study is still at the early stage of development. Nevertheless, certain steps have already been made and thus certain directions taken by the management are visible. First, the emphasis is made on the risk assessment and mitigation: the audit firm was tasked to analyze possible risks and provide a recommendation for the focus of change process (Pravin & Aruna, 2012). This correlates with one of the central principles of the critical chain project management (CCPM) methodology, which utilizes the theory of constraints. The theory suggests that for the successful implementation of the project the limiting factors must be recognized early in the process (Cox & Schleier, 2010). As the previous unsuccessful experience of MedDev clearly defines the poor resource distribution a limiting factor, the audit is aimed at identifying the constraints. The change readiness assessment Tom requested from Anita also falls within this category. It is possible that on the later stages other elements emerge which will suggest another methodology as chosen by the project leaders, but currently, the critical chain project management is consistent with the actions of the management. Although the chosen methodology has its advantages, such as reducing unpredicted variations, removing bottlenecks by targeting constraints, and eliminating waste (Hut, 2008), it is not the best possible approach to the upcoming project. This becomes obvious once we review the unsuccessful attempt to facilitate change in the past. While it is tempting to suggest that the failure, which was explained by the shortage of time and resources, was the result of poor planning, we can safely disregard such implication. Any methodology, including the traditional one, has the planning and monitoring stage, so the probability of such implication is low. On the other hand, the diversity and the rate of the company’s expansion were likely unaccounted for. MedDev has exhibited rapid growth through acquisitions and did not keep the pace with technical innovations. Thus, the best strategy for the planned change is the extreme project management (XPM). The suggested methodology This methodology is superior to CCPM for two reasons. First, it is suitable for the diverse and disparate nature of the current state of the company. XPM allows flexibility and reduces the number of steps required for the decisions and actions. For a multifaceted company like MedDev, this may be a critical strong point, as the time constraints of a large business entity are among the chief limitations to change (Sushil, 2013). Second, XPM specifically focuses on the human resource management. The managers of MedDev already exhibit concerns regarding the success of the project, mainly because of the previous bitter experience (Pravin & Aruna, 2012). While any m
Does Southwest Airlines use motivation and psychology in their marketing strategy? The CEO of Southwest Airlines admits that employees turn out to be the greatest strength and the main competitive advantage of the company (“About Southwest”, 2011). This is why taking about motivation and psychology in the marketing strategy of Southwest Airlines, it is necessary to admit the role of these factors is considerable indeed. One of the first fundamental questions posed while motivating people is all about the causes of human behavior (Reeve, 2009). And the company finds it important to create the conditions under which employees are more involved in work and lead to successful results for the company. Gittell (2005) mentions that shared goals usually motivate people to do their best to move beyond day by day. If employees have their own goals and realize that their activities are appreciated by the company, they are ready to create the best working conditions and improve their marketing strategies. The point is that company’s goal is not only to attract the attention of new employees by also to improve the retention of those who have been working for several years. The thing that motivates the workforce is the possibility to get 10% of the company’s stock. This is why experienced workers can evaluate the conditions offered by the company. Does Southwest Airlines allow for “rewards” to be given to employees that provide excellent services as a way to get the less “motivated” employees motivated? The vast majority of workers in the company are aware of the rewards which are possible for their performance. There is a certain amount of exceptional work, and the company recognizes those who perform the required amounts of work regarding personal expectations. Using providing such rewards, Southwest Airlines continues maintaining loyalty and a high level of motivation. People are satisfied with the conditions they have to work under. There is no certain idea to give rewards just to motivate people to work better. The rewards for Southwest Airlines’ employees turn out to be
Culture Of all the ancient civilizations, Ancient Egypt was, perhaps, the most mysterious one. Though a range of facts concerning the household and traditions of the people of Ancient Egypt remain buried under the sands of time, several facts about the culture in question can be considered relatively well-known. Particularly, the rigid societal structure and the social roles, which the citizens had to comply with, deserve to be mentioned. While women were supposed to carry out housekeeping and childrearing functions, men took part in the political and economic life of the state. In addition, the architectural wonders of Ancient Egypt, specifically, the pyramids are considered the trademark of its culture. In other words, the culture of Ancient Egypt is marked by its grandeur, innovativeness, adherence to time honored traditions and a polytheistic religion that allowed for a strong link to nature. Item Description The above-mentioned factors define the characteristics of the Ebers Papyrus to a considerable degree. For example, the decision to transcribe the information concerning ochre clays on papyrus can be considered as innovative at the time, yet also supportive of the existing healthcare traditions of the state. The elaborate artwork, which was used to record the information regarding herbal knowledge, was created with the help of black and red ink and the material made from a papyrus plant (Picture 1). The length of papyruses varies, some of them reaching ten meters (Tait 184). The Ebers Papyrus, in its turn, is around 20 m long (Hallmann-Mikołajczak par. 1). Despite the seeming simplicity of papyrus production, the technique was lost over time, and it was only after long and complex studies that Egyptologists rediscovered the secret of papyrus in 1940s (Tait 184). The word itself is traditionally translated into English as “that which belongs to the house” (Dunn par. 2), symbolizing the bureaucracy of Ancient Egypt. Picture 1. The Papyrus Plant (Dwarf Egyptian Papyrus Plant par. 1) Therefore, the papyrus in question, as well as the material in general, allows for making assumptions concerning not only cultural, but also political, social and other aspects of life in Ancient Egypt. Formal Qualities As far as the formal qualities of the artwork are concerned, one must mention that the Ebers Papyrus can be described as a unique artwork with a range of features that are characteristic of the time period that it belongs to. For instance, the line of the papyrus is rather uneven; the text lacks geometrical precision in its format, which adds a certain charm to the artifact. The value of
Introduction Many debates have emerged as to whether the government should run a national system of health care or not (Giaimo 148). This comes after realizing that the health care costs are continuously going up. This leaves many Americans worried about the cost of their health care and health insurance services. Some of the reasons for their worries include; their incomes cannot keep up with the pace of the rising costs, and citizens cannot change their jobs because of the fear of losing their health insurance. They are also pessimistic about being unable to pay their medical costs when they get old. This paper explains why the federal government should run a national system of health care. Why the federal government should run a national system of health care The federal government should run a national system of health care. The public should look at the way the government is running health care at the present time. This may include the military health care and the medical services that the Veterans Administration provides. Citizens can also look at the state programs such as those in Massachusetts and Oregon (Goodman, Musgrave, and Herrick 217). By carefully examining them, there is no doubt that every citizen will agree with my proposal. Many businesses in the US have decided not to provide health care plans because of the persistent increase of health care premiums at multiple instances as compared to the inflation rate. The high costs of health care placed on the employees have also resulted in their decisions to do away with health care coverage. Despite all these moves, both businesses and employees must still pay huge amounts. This has been a significant stumbling block in relation to the country’s economic recovery. This shows that health care is increasingly unattainable for individuals and corporations, and hence the needs for the federal government to implement a national system of health care. A government controlled system can reduce costs and encourage robust economic recovery. The other reason for the need of the government controlled system is that it will allow the country to build one centralized system with no wasteful inefficiencies. The current health care system requires a lot of paper work, claim approvals, and insurance submission among others. With the government controlled system, time wastage in claims submission and maintenance of insurance information will be of no use. In addition, it will enhance cost-saving by avoiding banking and postal costs, and billions of money will go towards medical services. The government controlled system will enable development of a national database, which makes diagnosis and treatment easier for doctors than in the current system (Newport 81). In the current system, patients have to fill a long medical history each time they visit a new doctor. This wastes time and money and can lead to patients giving false information resulting to improper diagnosis. The separate systems also create a challenging time while evaluating data at the federal level. Moreover, health care ins