ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Sponsorship is a programme according to which an individual or organization is provided with necessary funds or services to achieve a commercial advantage. There exist numerous types of sponsorship, namely, private, corporate, event, etc. Each of them has its own peculiarities, functions, and objectives. Certain techniques should be taken into account while picking out the necessary sponsorship programme. The question is whether the selection of a technique should remain subjective or an affair of personal preferences. It is necessary to analyze several articles dealing with the issue of sponsorship in order to find out the nature of sponsorship and issues related to it. The first article is ‘ Event sponsorship: an exploratory study of small business objectives, practices, and perceptions’ written by Rhonda Walker Mack. This journal article consists of several chapters: Research Focus; Results; Sponsors Versus Non-Sponsors; Reasons, Benefits, and Future Plans for Sponsorship; and Conclusions and Recommendations. The abstract of the article can be considered clear. The writer explains the major constituents of sponsorship and its types, and introduces the spheres most of the organizations tend to invest into, “Many organizations are now investing in sponsorships of the arts and education to enhance their corporate image. Sporting events, however, continue to be the biggest draw” (Mack 1999). The author of the article refers to several sources. They are the works by Ken Cicora, Jill Decker, and Michael Terrazas; she refers to their works while enumerating several kinds of sponsorship, for instance, “financial, media, or in-kind support” (Mack, 1999) sponsorship. Further, she refers to Decker while indicating the benefits an organization may have when sponsoring certain events, stating that ” the list of company benefits derived from it can range from publicity to product sales, image enhancement, or even improved employee morale” (Mack 1999). This article is based on an empirical study. The writer conducts research directed towards sponsorship. The results of the research are described briefly and clearly. They can be quite interesting for businessmen who start their own business, small business owners, or sportsmen who want to find a sponsor. The methods chosen by the author are appropriate. One of the stages of research is a survey. The questions were sent to 800 businesses. Unfortunately, this number is not enough to make clear and up to the point conclusions. This is why, for further research, it is better to use more people of different occupations. Concluding the article, the author identifies the areas of further studies, such as marketing and small business, so that, the research could be continued. The second article under consideration i
Introduction Tovell plc as a manufacturer of kitchen furniture needs to decide on the most appropriate option for investing in order to guarantee the high profitability of the business. In this context, it is important to pay attention to both potential advantages and disadvantages for the company in relation to manufacturing a new facility and acquiring the existing developed business. This assessment represents possible advantages and disadvantages associated with building a new facility in Germany and with acquiring the existing developed business in the United States. Advantages and Disadvantages Associated with Manufacturing a New Facility The main reason for manufacturing a new facility in Germany is the possibility to build the subsidiary that completely addresses the firm’s needs and operation principles (Madura 2014, p. 54). The other financial advantage is the low costs planned for the first years of construction (2015-2016) in comparison with the immediate large costs needed for the acquisition of the business in the United States. In this context, the forecasted costs seem to be balanced for the first two years of the project. Tax allowable depreciation in Germany for machinery can also be discussed as a positive aspect for decreasing the overall end tax for the company. Furthermore, within the European Union and Euro zone, it is possible to respond immediately to the threats of inflation. The disadvantages include the late rewards from the investment in construction because of the necessity to complete the building process and to start production quickly. In addition, the costs associated with constructing the facility in the undeveloped green field site can be higher than the projected costs (Mun 2012, p. 112). Furthermore, during the following several years, the actual demand for manufactured items can be lower than the projected one, and this fact can influence the overall cash flow balance. Advantages and Disadvantages Associated with Acquiring the Existing Business In case of Tovell plc, the expected advantages of purchasing the business are associated with the possibility to obtain the significant share in the foreign market. The other advantage is the possibility to receive large revenues during the first year of the project because of the need to invest only in the machinery and working capital, without developing the construction process (Eiteman, Stonehill & Moffett 2013, p. 24). As a result, the pre-tax net cash flows are expected to increase in 2015 and then, in 2016. The large investment in the business that is expected during the first year of the project can be discussed as only the short-term issue. However, this aspect associated with acquiring the business by Tovell plc in the United States can be assessed as a disadvantage because of large investments required during 2015 in order to start operations. The reason is that Tovell plc needs to invest more than $20 million in the business in the United States during one year. In addition, the risk of losses is also high. Much attention should be paid to projecting the transportation costs in this ca
The movie was about the life and times of Forrest Gump a fictitious character who suffers from a disability known as mental retardation. The movie starts at the very beginning as a child growing up in Alabama and one who was brought up by a single parent. His mother took care of him and never gave up on him. Although the world sees him and treated him as a person with disability his mother refuses to back down and wanted nothing more but to see his son grow up, receive education and enjoy life as a normal person would. She opposed everyone who said that her son will amount to nothing. It was her love that instilled in Forrest Gump the faith that everything is possible. Although he was mentally retarded Forrest Gump had another quality in him and it is the innocence and the graciousness of a gentleman. He only wanted to make other around him comfortable and because of that his disability never became a stumbling stone for him and instead it became a stepping stone to success. Mental Retardation According to the World Health Organization mental retardation is under a group of health problem called developmental disabilities (WHO, 2010). It is generally understood as the failure of the brain to mature and grow correctly and as a result affects the whole person. In addition the WHO also pointed out that in mental retardation there is deficiency in all aspects of development such as: “…noticeable deficiency in the development of motor, cognitive, social, and language functions” (WHO, 2010). This definition applies to Forrest Gump. Forrest Gump was slow to pick up with regards to conversation and absorbing information that would usually be of no concern to a normal child. As a result a young Forrest Gump is seen as slow in speech. He could not seem to answer correctly questions directed at him; however, the movie made it appear funny as if all the good breaks happen to him and so what was supposed to be a disaster turned out to be for good. Aside from his deficiency when it comes to cognitive skills, as a boy Forrest Gump also had to endure a physical problem and it has something to do with his legs. It did not develop normally and so he had to use braces to support his lower limbs and for him to walk from his house to his school. It gave him a great deal of discomfort and it also pained his mother. This is a typical example in the life of a mentally retarded person. Body Image and Self-Perception The consequence of mental retardation made Forrest Gump realize that he was different. His classmates treated him different and he knew deep down that there is something wrong with him or at least there is something odd about him. He became a target for bullies and the whole community made fun of him. This was demonstrated in one continuous scene when bullies riding in a vehicle tried to hit him with stones and so Forrest Gump ran as fast as he could until his braces broke off and he ran straight into a football game and one spect
Introduction The painting titled Luncheon of the Boating Party by Pierre Augusta Renoir was done in the year 1881. This painting was guided by real life models all of whom being Renoir’s friends who had gathered on the balcony of the Maison Fournaise , a boat commonly found in Chatou, France. The boat was floating along the Seine River and it apart from the roof, its balcony was basically open to an impressive view. Subject matter Pierre Augusta Renoir was an impressionist whose works mostly feature his close friends. The Luncheon of the Boating Party is no different and it includes approximately fourteen individuals. Some of the most prominent characters as from the painting include: Gustave Caillebotte- this was a fellow artist and a close friend to Renoir. He later came to be the custodian of the painting. From the work, he is seated in the forefront wearing a white singlet. He was a revered impressionist and was also a determined boater. Aline Charigot -this is the lady seated in the foreground wearing a black dress. In the painting she is playing with a small black dog. She would later get married to Renoir. Charles Ephrussi – This was one of Renoir’s wealthy friends and he was an amateur art historian. He was also a collector and at times doubled up as the senior editor of a magazine called the Gazette des Beaux-Arts. In the painting, he is in the far background sporting a black top hat and, white shirt and a black coat. Jules Laforgue – this was Ephrussi’s personal secretary who also happened to possess some poetic skills. He sometimes took on the role of an art critic. Though it has not been confirmed, he is suspected to be the young man dressed casually in a brown jacket and speaking to Ephrussi in the background. In the middle of the composition is an actress known as Ellen Andrée. She is the one drinking from a glass and she sits directly opposite Raoul Barbier; a baron who happened to be Renoir’s friend. Louise-Alphonsine – she is positioned in the periphery of the composition, to the left of the painting and she has a traditional straw boater on her head. She is bent over the railing of the balcony, smiling and she is supporting her head in her right hand. Alphonsine Fournaise, Jr. -This is Louise’s brother and he is standing next to his sister also wearing a traditional straw bloater. He is the one who took care of the boat rental he is the leftmost character in the painting. Eugène Pierre Lestringez -he is wearing a boater and is positioned to the right of the composition in the right hand corner. Paul Lhote -This was Lestringez’s close friend and he was also an artist. In the painting he is placed next to Lestringez and they both have been depicted flirting with Jeanne Samary-an actress. Visual characteristics The positioning of the artist was such that he was able to achieve a well balanced painting aside from capitalizing on the dispersion of light to obtain clear and appealing images. The light was also used to capture the mood of the event and Renoir made sure that he used all available reflectors to ensure that the painting was evenly lit. From
Abstract The role given to reproduction in religious doctrines shows that reproduction is a natural process inherent in all humans. In that sense, analyzing all major religions, it can be seen that reproduction is promoted in every possible way. China in particular “has a long and rich cultural tradition” (Peng and Guo) as one of the earliest civilizations in which Confucian ideology dominated for centuries. The impact of Confucianism and their concept of marriage as reproductive vehicle were overlaid with the introduction of the one-child policy which makes it difficult to assess the current impact of Confucianism on the reproduction rates in modern China. The teachings of Confucianism are deeply rooted in Chinese culture and the desire to have at least one male child springs from this belief. The government’s view does not consider such gender preference stating that having one child would enable a family to own more consumer items, spending less on education, health and lifestyle improvement. Chinese culture still affects family planning in modern China, where the desire for at least one male child can be seen as an influence of Confucianism and as a natural prolongation of the family. Nevertheless, it can be seen that in the modern world, the tendency to have big families became a prerogative of the less developed countries. In that sense, a new research on the effect of reproduction teachings of Confucianism on modern-day China is needed. In another sense, the question is would the reproductive behavior of Confucianism be the same if the policy of one-child was not introduced. This question is important as many factors such as higher level of women’s education, urbanization and increase in per capita income, occurred during the same period, and most likely have affected demogra
Executive Summary The paper identifies five current tourism-related issues and attempts to rank them in the order of importance. The five issues identified, in the order of their ranking are customer service issues, economic slowdown issues, safety and security issues, issues of tourism-related scams and issue of worker strikes at a tourist destination. Each one of these issues affects either the pull factor or the push factor and hence is extremely important in determining the status of tourism in any region. The ranking is based on what impact a particular issue has on tourism and how long it lasts. Introduction Tourism involves that people travel to a place other than their usual place of residence, and in the process help the economy of the destination place. If tourists like a particular destination, they are likely to return to that place, thus helping improve the tourist revenue of the place. However, a bad experience can turn off the tourists for life who may then pass on negative feedback to others, thus reducing a destination’s tourism potential. Countries, cities and civil bodies can do a lot to improve a place’s tourism potential. Some of the steps they can take include building the infrastructure and making the city safe for tourists. However, every once in a while, problem arises which makes tourists feel unhappy about their experience. These problems can be related to any of the tourism-related infrastructures and may be or may not be in the control of the tourism authorities. Such problems or issues at the local or international level which have a direct impact on tourism of a region can be defined as tourism-related issues. In this paper we shall identify five current issues which have an impact on tourism and try to rank them in the order of their importance and impact on tourism. Customer Service Issues On April 20, 2009, the article titled “Delta scraps Indian call centers after customer backlash” appeared in the “The Age”. This article represents an important tourism-related issue, that of customer service. Customer service-related issues are arguably the most important issues for the tourism industry. Impact on Tourism In such case, the service provider has to make the choice between the cost benefits of routing customer service calls to a low-wage country and the negative impact it may have on the perceived customer service. If the service provider receives too many complaints about the customer service from a particular country, they may be left with no choice but to close down that facility. However, if complaints are few, the cost benefits outweigh any negative feedback and the service provider may choose to continue in the low-cost destination. In Delta’s case, the fact that they are not closing their call centers in Jamaica and South Africa shows that in these countries the cost benefits have won over the negative feedback. In other words, Delta’s decision to close some of its outsourced call centers and not others is directly impacted by
Introduction Multivariate analysis is considered to be one of the most frequently used methods of statistical evaluation of data available in contemporary research. If 50 years ago many features of multivariate analysis were unavailable due to certain difficulties in accessing, processing, analyzing, and synthesizing information, with the development of information and communication technology, it has become possible to implement multivariate analysis with greater frequency than ever before. The technology enables the researchers to collect, store, and transport large databases from observation and experimentation. Multivariate techniques are invaluable for their ability to help discover the interrelatedness between different variables within massive sets of data. Because of this, it is paramount to understand the necessary methodology behind the multivariate research, its numerous methods, and implementation, as well as strengths and weaknesses within the context of a particular situation. The purpose of this paper is to explore these concepts by comparing and contrasting two types of research that use a multivariate analysis approach to studying data. What is Multivariate Analysis? Multivariate analysis, as the name suggests, is based on observation and analysis of many statistical outcomes at the same time. Its difference from a multiple regression lies in the fact that multiple regressions, while studying more than one independent variable in its equations, always have only one dependent variable, whereas a multivariate analysis includes several. Multivariate analysis is used to perform studies across several dimensions of research while taking account of numerous effects and responses at the same time. It is excellent for studying increasingly large and complex amounts of data (Mengual-Macenlle, Marcos, Golpe, & Gonzales-Riva, 2015). As it stands, multivariate analysis is the most accurate representation of reality through statistics, as it allows for modeling and simultaneous analysis of several datasets, including different variables approach for each sample studied. There are numerous types of multivariate analysis, but in general, they can be classified into three separate groups, based on the types of variables included in the research. These types are (Mengual-Macenlle et al., 2015):   * Dependent   * Interdependent   * Structural. In quantitative research, there are four types of multivariate analysis. These methods are regression analysis, survival analysis, analysis of variance, and canonical correlation. These types of analyses are implemented when the dependent variable is quantitative. Should the dependent variable have qualitative features, the researchers are advised to use one of the three statistical models, such as dis
Summary of the article In their article, Michele Adams and Scott Coltrane expounds on how divorce was perceived in America in early days and the steps that were employed in order to reduce its occurrence in the societies. The article also expounds on how the Americans believed in divorce strengthening marriages. According to the authors, divorce was a sign of disapproval of one party due to either indulging in adultery, desertion or experiencing sexual incapacity. Unfortunately, most men misused it; they practiced it occasionally leading to many women being single mothers. However, the signs of marriage impediments coming into an end started to appear in early 19 th century when the American state involved itself in solving marriage issues. Michele and Scott also explain on how American State advocated for the formation of Anti-divorce Movement that took part in ending divorce laxity among men. According to them, the American State took part in not only controlling marriage contracts, but also advocating for educational campaigns against divorce. Additionally, the American State took part in informing the public on not only how divorce contributed to social disorders, but also how it impaired with women rights. To end the probability of occurrence of divorce among marriages, the American State was also forced to come up with stern rules that bared parties from seeking divorce. It enforced individuals seeking for divorce to involve other parties such as judges and lawyers. General points of the article From the article, it is evident that most people considered divorce good in the past. Divorce played a significant role in keeping the marriage morals. However, the contemplation of divorce as a non-fault practice affected women negatively by not clarifying on marital property. Thus, it is evident that women are the main victims of divorce in most societies. Additionally, it is evident that men are considered the key proprietor of most properties in the society. It is also evident that most m