ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The novel Northanger Abbey adversely mentions gothic literature; it even influences the main characters’ actions and decisions. However, the use of this genre is done to mock and trivialise the genre. How Jane Austen challenges conventions of gothic novels As one reads the novel, one comes across a series of gothic titles throughout the narration. The characters talk about and reference various pieces in the book. Catherine meets with Isabella at the beginning of her adventure at Bath. Their main topic of conversation is gothic literature. These two ladies especially mention the Mysteries of Udolpho, by Ann Radcliffe, but their fondness for the books makes them appear one -dimensional and detached from reality. Jane Austen also mocks gothic literature by selecting a very unconventional heroine. Gothic novels usually feature beautiful young women as main characters. Catherine is average-looking at best; sometimes, Austen leads readers to believe that her main character is even unattractive. The first page states that Catherine had “an awkward figure, sallow skin colour, dark lank hair and strong features” (Austen 1817, p.1). In eighteenth century Britain, strong features and sallow skin were undesirable traits. Jane Austen wanted to defy conventional expectations of gothic literature by choosing an individual who had little physical appeal. Furthermore, Catherine’s social background was nothing extraordinary. She came from a large middle income household, yet most gothic novels either focused on incredibly poor or exceptionally wealthy heroines (Rose 1993). Furthermore, Catherine was not talented in the conventional ways of English society at the time. She could not draw or paint, and neither could she write. Even Austen remarks that she was “a strange and unaccountable character” (Austen 1817, p.6). Catherine appears to have challenges with social interactions as well. She does not seem to understand people; yet this is a predominant quality in most gothic books. Catherine did not know about Isabella’s true intentions until the situation had gone overboard. She could not hide her suspicions about Henry’s father from him. Furthermore, she fails to realise that she was leading-on John Thorpe. Catherine lacks social experience, which was a quality that was hard to miss in the gothic genre. In choosing such a heroine, the author wanted to challenge stereotypes of women in romantic literature, of which gothic novels belong (Summers 1964). In the narration, the main character appears to grow and learn about the workings of English society. This was not initially true at the beginning. In fact, one detects Catherine’s naivety when she first visits Bath. She seems to have an overblown imagination about the way the world works. Catherine looks at the world through the eyes of the characters in gothic novels (Glock 1978). In these books, seemingly ordinary events can lead to terrible occurrences in the fut
Synopsis The article talks about a place called Nubia. In that region, there was a man named Piye who wanted to save Egypt in the 730 B.C. Nubia was a region that was located in southern Egypt and extended to northern Sudan, near the gates of Black Africa. That was the home to the earliest culture of the black people in Africa. The people of Egypt had named the main Nubian Kingdom as Kush. It was found in the third cataract of river Nile. Therefore, black pharaohs were the kings. When Piye died, he was buried in a pyramid. This was a great honor. It is claimed in the article that the first rulers of Egypt were black. This seems unbelievable, but the author tries to provide some evidence to drive his point home. Rise of Piye In the year 730 B.C, a man who was known by the name Piye decided to invade Egypt, which was living under confusion of slavery they had not realized. He thought this was the best way to save Egypt. Piye had ruled over his own Kingdom in Nubia, in the present day Sudan, however, he also claimed that he was the true leader of Egypt. Piye decided to wage a strong campaign to popularize and gain influence over the land of Egypt. He believed that he could wage a holy war in an acceptable manner. He asked his soldiers to undergo purification before going for war. He dressed them in linen clothes and sprinkled them with water from the temple. At that time, Piye feasted on sacrifices of Amun. Emergence of Black Pharaohs and Racism It was an intensive campaign that ensured that by the end of the initial year, all leaders in Egypt had given up. Piye managed to seek great honor that made him the most honored leader in the region. When he died, at the end of his 35 years old rule, he was buried in pyramids made in a unique Egyptian style, as a sign of honoring a great pharaoh. Piye was the first of the Black Pharaohs; there was a list of Nubian Kings who won the rule of Egypt for about 25 years, reuniting a Kingdom that was long disintegrated. Today, Sudan’s pyramids are at peace; a cool place away from the wars in Sudan. Draper says that the ancient world did not have racism (“Black Pharaohs”). Piye’s skin was dark, but that would not bother anyone. Not until the Europeans came to colonize Africa, that skin became an important issue while dealing with persons. It exhaustively analyses the black revolution and civilization of the African Kingdoms. What I have learnt Whenever people talk about Africa, diseases, wars and tribes are usually the mai
Introduction Ford (2006, p. 200) presents a case that requires a psychologist counselor to have a deeper understanding of various models of ethical decision-making. In the case study, an industrial psychologist contracted to inform the management of a manufacturing industry on the ways to improve productivity. She adopted an informal approach where she interviewed a sample of employees to get the feedback on how to increase efficiency. A file of a forklift operator was intriguing given the three accidents that he had suffered in the course of duty. Knowing that he was speaking to a psychologist, the worker become honest and admitted that the accidents were his own making; that is, they occurred when he was drunk. The heavy drinking was due to family stress. He was afraid that when the management got the information he would be sacked and given his age he would not get hired anywhere. He trusted the psychologist to keep the information confidential, and was equally relieved for having shared his troubles with her. He finally assured her that he would “…lick this problem.” This paper uses three models of ethical decision-making that the psychologist can apply in communicating her findings to the management. Utilitarian Ethical Model The central theme in utilitarian ethical model is the outcome of an action. Actually, this model derives its name from the term “utility” that considers the morality of an action based on its goodness or badness. Put differently, the utilitarian model of ethical decision-making is a form of consequentialist theory that explains morality according to the repercussions wrought to the receiver of the action. The utilitarian model, therefore, posits that an action is intrinsically neutral in itself but once it causes harm to the receiver, it becomes unethical or immoral. However, when it brings goodness to the receiver it becomes ethical or moral (Scarre, 1996). The industrial psychologist in the above case using utilitarian approach will consider two things in reference to the forklift operator’s situation. On the one hand, she has been hired to give a realistic assessment and recommendations that would improve the company’s performance; and on the other, she has been confronted by a genuine case of psychological distress that partly contributes to the company’s overall underperformance (Ford, 1996). Weighing the two directly linked situations, she finds that divulging the information may lead to the forklift operator’s summary dismissal that is likely to aggravate his psychological instability other than alleviating it. Failure to give the management objective results would mean that she has haphazardly done the work that would not help improve the organization’s productivity. Considering the underlying criteria of determining the morality of an action in the utilitarian model, the industrial psychologist will protect the forklift operator by remaining silent
Thesis: The movie Platoon has become a significant event: it marked the shift in people’s perception and attempted to reflect the actual war experience of a person openly. Introduction The Vietnam War is probably one of the most embarrassing pages of American history, yet it continues to draw the attention of politicians, journalists, researchers, cultural workers, and ordinary people. The movie Platoon has become a significant event: it marks the shift in people’s perception and attempts to reflect the actual war experience of a person openly. The main character is Chris Taylor, who volunteered in Vietnam in 1965 and joined the 25th Infantry Division not far from the Cambodian border. The harsh reality disappoints him: his existence is inessential since he is green and unaware of the real combat. In the context of the war, the confrontation between two non-commissioned officers, the cruel-hearted Barnes and the humane Elias, is depicted. The massacre during the village raid becomes the turning point that separates people. Fearing the court-martial, Barnes premeditatedly kills Elias. Taylor finds himself fighting in two battles, the war and the conflict within the platoon. Fierce combat begins. The American defense lines are broken, and many soldiers die. The next morning, Charles finds Barnes, talks to him, and shoots him after the staff sergeant tells him to do it. Wounded, Charles may return home now. The movie is based on Stone’s first-hand experience. He depicted himself as Charles, and the sergeant Juan Angel Elias with whom the director served, is the real character who became the inspiration for Elias Grodin. Context In 1968, Stone wrote a screenplay Break that, obviously, could not be produced in those times when the Vietnam war was not to be widely discussed and evaluated; however, it served as the basis for the movie later. The majority of studios were reluctant to provide funding for a movie concerning this topic because it was expected to be a commercial failure. For a long time, the director worked on other projects. Having overcome all those troubles and prejudice, Stone managed to shoot the movie in 1986. From the historical point of view, this scenario is not surprising. In the 1960s, the polarization of the society, numerous protests, and public anxiety caused by the contradiction between the country’s external politics and individual comprehension were the core motif of the public mood. In comparison, the atmosphere of the 1980s is notable for the renewed interest in those events and the desire to interpret the past and know what happened. The director wants the audience to see the honest truth about the war and demonstrates what ordinary people witnessed there. His message is that any war, a sort of initiation of an idealistic young person, leads to the moral decay of a human being. It is the opportunity to learn one’s character: “we did not fight the enemy. We fought ourselves. And the enemy was in us” ( Platoon ). At the same time, i
Power and politics are significant phenomena in social work since the two help professionals participate and succeed in advocating for policy changes. That is why social workers should not be afraid of gaining and using power to deal with their professional tasks. There are multiple power resources, and individuals can choose which one to follow. Firstly, person-to-person power originates from personal discussions with others, and there are “expert, coercive, reward, referent (including charisma), and authority (or legitimate) power resources” (Jansson, 2018, p. 337). Each of these subcategories implies that people can use different sources of power. For example, expert resources denote that social workers impact others by displaying their own knowledge and credentials, while coercive power relies on potential penalties (Jansson, 2018). Secondly, substantive power is found when people gain the support of others by providing them with specifically tailored offers (Janson, 2018). Such a situation is widespread when social workers create proposals that fit the interests of a specific political group. Thirdly, it is possible to rely on process power to help achieve some goals. According to Jansson (2018), this resource implies that an individual can affect external conditions, including time, place, participants, and others, to maximize their chances of promoting a particular idea. For example, a social worker can increase their process power by finding influential allies, which places their opponents in a disadvantaged position. Finally, procedural power source stipulates that attention should be drawn to how a proposal should be presented. For example, a passing probability is higher if a policy is directed to favorable committees and persons or if it is placed “in a preferred position on a meeting agenda” (Jansson, 2018, p. 342). Thus, social workers can rely on these four power sources in their practice and advocacy. As for my social work practice and advocacy, I would rely on expert power. On the one hand, it is a type of person-to-person power, meaning that my communication skills can help me influence others and contribute to advocacy changes. On the other hand, this power source is appropriate to me because it relies on expertise and information. This statement denotes that I intend to impact policymakers by providing them with factual and evidence-based data. However, I should admit that it is not easy to benefit from relying on this power source because it is necessary to make others trust the information that I will provide. That is why I will be required to find the most credible and reliable data and sophisticate my oratorical skill. The focus on these issues will provide me with more power in promoting a policy change. In addition to that, it is reasonable to comment on ethical issues that can be
Introduction As the world appears to be getting smaller as a result of the increasing efficiency of global communication and transnational firms coming up, changes are bound to continue taking place in the world of business. There is also increased chances that any other business can grow to operate outside parent nation. The new technologies have enabled communication that reduced time and distances differences so that people can work together from different places. International business therefore opens opportunities for people who even never thought of opening businesses abroad. This is because clients may require your goods from another nation especially when an advertising method that covers larger areas like the internet is used to promote the business. Change and Success International venture is a very fruitful changes if done properly and with the expertise it deserves. Globalization process has seen economies develop new business means that encourage strong monetary deals. Due to the diversity that comes along with interactions from different ethnicities, there is high changes of finding exceptional talent and skills. Intercultural; communication is now being encouraged in the attempt to eliminate barriers to business. The civil society is calling for fight against discriminations of any type ranging from racial, gender, ethnicity and regional. In this was, events and undertakings that can increases interaction and sharing of culture are encouraged. Multinationals have also discovered that in order for them to success in host nation, they have to employ the local people who understand the business environment in their countries. Doing business internationally is at the same time increasing the way nations will achieve interdependence and strengthening of their individual national economies. This way, business are experiencing changes in their normal way of trade and adopting various nations they enter. International business has a chance to meet and research different markets that will ensure that they succeed. In most cases, going international means success for the firm. More migrations and internationalized education systems also offer growing opportunity. Many business have also undergone diversification in terms of manpower, technology, area of operation and ways of doing business in general. Populations continue to embrace diversity in terms of culture and as a consequence, there tend to be a very productive workforce with great amount of talent and skills. This is what is termed intercultural competence which is able to capitalize on the indefinite opportunities and benefits that can be drawn thereafter. Considerations   * Culture       + Customs and Traditions – Learn and appreciate Diversity without any form of Favouritism;
The estimated growth of the population for the next twenty years is so enormous that feeding all these people seems the greatest challenge humanity has ever faced. It will be a test for people skills and the world’s productive recourses. Now over 75% of the population can hardly feed themselves. So the question under consideration is how it is possible to bring the goals of feeding everybody and protecting the environment into harmony. In the next two to four generations, world agriculture will be called on to produce as much food as has been produced in the entire 12,000-year history of agriculture. (Freeman, 15). Despite steadily falling fertility rates and family sizes, the global population is expected to grow to 8.9bn by 2050, from 6bn today. By then, 84% of people will be in what we call the “developing” world. (Pretty) Since the 1980s a gradual degradation of world food situation is observed. In India, for instance, the wheat harvest was more than tripled between 1965 and 1983. Since then India’s grain production has not increased at all, though its population is growing rapidly. In China, the boost of grain production was observed between 1976 and 1984. Still, it has never reached this record mark after that, and the number of people in China continues to grow. Africa and South America are the continents in which population grows the fastest. But the production of food falls progressively behind the growth of the population. (Freeman, 15) Five major factors have to lead to the reduction of food production rates all over the world. They are:  1. The hybridization of corn.  2. The ninefold increase in fertilizer use between 1950 and 1984.  3. The near tripling of irrigated areas in that same period.  4. The rapid spread of new, high-yielding wheat and rice seeds in Third World countries.  5. The use of chemical insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides, and fungicides (Freeman, 16). Three ways are possible for the agriculture of the future. The areas of farmland may be expanded by means of converting new lands. But this will lead to further losses of biodiversity of forests and grasslands. Production in food-exporting countries can be intensified in order to sell food to the countries which need it. Moreover, total farm productivity in poor countries can be increased. “We must find ways to increase food production to sustain growing populations in developing countries. But this challenge must be accomplished without major increases in the amount of new land under cultivation, which would further threaten forests and biodiversity, and without resorting to unsustainable farming practices.” (Pretty) Unfortunately, current agricultural practices prove to contribute to global warming. According to recent research, global warming is increasing much faster than it was originally estimated. The frequency of droughts in countries of Asia and America has increased. The success of agriculture over the recent years has affected both natural and human health. Foo
As Hendee (par. 1) notes, CH2M Hill succeeded in appearing in the list of the most ethical companies in the world. Ethisphere Institute prepares the list that looks at the relationship between the ethical activities in a company and its performance. Businesses should not use unethical practices to increase their profits. A good example of such a company is CH2M Hill, which is based in Denver, Colorado. CH2M Hill mainly deals in construction, engineering, project management, and procuring among others. The company has many employees who are employed to offer professional services in various areas such as infrastructure, energy, environment, and transportation. The Ethisphere Institute evaluates the most ethical companies using several measures that include a company’s ethics and compliance programs, governance, and ethics culture. A company’s ethics and compliance program include activities such as training and communication between employees, availability of written codes of ethics, and disciplinary strategies to address any conflict within the company. The Ethisphere Institute points out that CH2M Hill is among the leading companies in the world that encourage a culture of transparency and ethical practices throughout the company’s departments. CH2M Hill’s management is guided by the company’s code of conduct written in its “Little Yellow Book,” the business conduct principles, and the company’s employee ethics. Although CH2M Hill has very many employees, the company remains among the most ethical companies in the world due to its strongly enforced ethical culture. The company’s management ensures that all employees understand the company’s code of conduct, and this reduces related to work within the company. CH2M Hill allows its employees to interact freely, and this helps in building teamwork within the company. The company does not exploit its employees to increase its profit margins as many other companies do. The company also handles all its employees fairly. Works Cited Hendee, Caitlin. Colorado Company Named among World’s Most Ethical. 2015. Web.