ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Culture is often viewed as a factor affecting people’s identity, which is partially true. The key problem in locating the influence of culture on identity is that the latter incorporates both the inherent and the acquired characteristics. Herein the complexity of the chemistry between the two notions lies, as culture may only alter the character traits that are developed over the course of people’s interactions with the world and cannot possibly change the inherent ones, such as ethnicity, gender, or sexuality. Though culture clearly affects the views on homosexuality in a rather obvious way, as it either spawns a vehement resistance to the ideas of tolerance or, on the contrary, encourages the celebration of differences among individuals, it cannot possibly change the elements of identity that are implanted into it intrinsically, such as sexual identity, which Ha Jin’s The Bridegroom is a graphic example of. Analysis One of the most obvious arguments concerning the impossibility of altering one’s identity with the help of cultural influence, the description of Bowen’s relationships with his wife deserves to be mentioned. Bowen’s loving wife and her attitude towards his sexual preferences stand in striking contrast to the violent rejection of the Chinese society, which clearly makes Baowen remorseful about his identity, yet he cannot do anything about it. The social pressure, which Baowen experiences after the reveal of his identity and the subsequent victimization by the Chinese society, can also be considered a sociocultural factor that fails to change Baowen’s identity in the end. Speaking of which, the utter intolerance of homosexual people, which the society depicted in the novel displays, is horrifying in its naïve self-righteousness. The blind fear of people that differ from the so-called “norm” twists people’s idea of social acceptance and justifies discrimination against people of an alternative sexual orientation as an attempt to protect the society from a certain malady: “It’s a social disease, like gambling, or prostitution, or syphilis” (Jin 518). However, even the grievous experience of being shunned to the point where he became ostracized did not make Baowen alter his sexual identity. Even the imminent punishment that awaits him as the society discovers his identity does not make Baowen reconsider his preferences, which means that he has no possible power over it: “I – I liked a man in the club, a lot. If he’d asked me, I might’ve agreed” (Jin 519). It is quite remarkable that Jin also provides a rather detailed and embarrassingly obvious explanation of the reasons for the discrimin
Definition Electronic commerce refers to an electronic mediated business or any business conducted using electronic as the media, it involves buying and selling of products or services using electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks. Most companies have been forced by the digital economy to embrace electronic commerce due to the shift of value creation for consumers from physical goods to an economy that favor service, information and intelligence as the source of value. Electronic commerce is categorized into four parts depending on parties involved in the transaction:   * Business to Business which refers to transaction between organizations and it includes purchasing, procurement, supplier management, services and support.   * Business to Customer refers to exchange between business and a consumer, this type is gaining popularity due to its convenience, an example is the Amazon.com.   * Consumer to Consumer refers to exchange of transactions between and among consumers.   * Consumer to business: this happens when consumers come together and present themselves as buyers. Electronic commerce is said to be widely embraced by the young generation due to increased exposure to internet and they are using the technology as a new marketing and sales channel, a fact attributed to techno-economic paradigm (Freeman & Soete, 1994). Electronic commerce involves a series of steps before a transaction is fully executed, these series of steps is what is referred to as electronic commerce cycle. The cycle may vary from one company to another but mostly it involves the following steps: A flow Chart Showing Various Steps Involved in E – Commerce. Material Planning: this is analogous to physical walk in by a customer to place orders over the counter, the company conducting the business receives material planning releases which mostly identify customer requirements like order of books, jewels, groceries, or even on huge deals like real estate, either on daily basis, weekly or even monthly basis depending on customer specifications and preferences. This step marks the first agreement and commitment by the customer and constantly provides information necessary to update the company’s internal systems on customer preferences. Text Report: this can be in the form of a text indicating that, goods ordered are ready to be picked up and acts as a confirmation to the customer that his/ her request has been acted up on. Report of Test Results: before any material is shipped or transported to the customer, it is always noble to carry out the necessary tests to ensure the quality ordered is the quality delivered. With electronic commerce it is always not easy to return goods once received probably due to high costs involved, the more the reason this step is necessary. The materials ordered are packed or loaded into uni
Describe the strategies for accurately commenting on the works of others, paraphrasing and citing sources Key among the major aspects of writing in the academic sphere is the use of other peoples’ opinions as well as ideas. This is an important aspect for a writer to understand as it helps people show their vast knowledge on a subject. This has however to be done without plagiarism. Plagiarism refers to the practice of using and failing to acknowledge the words or ideas of another person (Anderson, 2008). In legal terminology, plagiarism is an offense that involves the theft of intellectual property. Intellectual property is indeed about funds and also the freedom to build up ideas into works as well as products for society’s benefit. To promote innovativeness through discovery as well as creativity, the law offers the originator a given time frame to have control over the content in addition to the disbursement of any products that may emanate from their idea. This practice is widely unaccepted mostly in learning institutions and even religious settings. The level of this intellectual dishonesty has been catapulted by the growth in technology more precisely the increased use of the internet in many academic angles (Young, 2001). One can avoid plagiarism by giving credit whenever one uses:  1. another individual’s idea theory or opinion,  2. facts in form of diagrams or drawings,  3. quotations of words by others. Individuals can however use other people’s work in their publications or other media by doing the following. One of the measures that can be applied in avoiding plagiarism is to enclose in quotation marks all that originates from the original text directly when writing (Govier, 2009). One can also ensure that he/she changes and rearranges the word of another person to look different and original. This can be achieved through the conceptualization of the idea(s) expressed by the author then one can write these ideas in different combinations of words to convey a similar meaning. This is what is known as paraphrasing. Another criterion is by checking the paraphrased words against the original ones to ensure that the paraphrased words are not by coincidence similar to the original ones used and also to be accurate. Advice from academicians stipulates that the rule of thumb in avoiding plagiarism is by citing whenever the idea is borrowed. Citation usually is in-text, where one lists either the name of the publication or the name of the author as well as the year or date of publication. An example could appear like; Newton (1967) asserts that… By the application of the above methods, the writer can cushion him/herself from the liability of plagiarism. Describe and identify the basic factors involved in plagiarism Plagiarism has its foothold in the western civilizations where this idea was coined. A person may ask under what circumstances a piece of text can be doomed as stained with plagiarism. The answer to this question is that there is a set rule of thumb that beyond which there can be ascertained of plagiarism occurrence. Ev
Introduction The phrase ‘nothing to envy’ in the title of the book Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea gives an immediate gist of the material that is about to be presented by its author Barbara Demick. The phrase suggests that nothing has been attractive about the life of Koreans for the last two decades. The setting of the book takes place in Seoul from 2001. The author who is an American journalist admits that he could not cover any story about North Korea while stepping on the North Korean soils since American journalists were simply not permitted there. Members of the public were not free. They often feared to discuss nothing about the administrative regime. Consequently, the tales presented in the book are based on the life experiences of people who defected to either China or South Korea. The purpose of this paper is to review Demick’s book Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea. Social Setting of the Book The book is set in a society that is completely engulfed with cloud of darkness to the extent that learning anything about it is impossible. The best extent to which one can directly collect information about the true life of the societies in North Korea is through satellite images perhaps because there is no means of blocking the satellites from taking the picture. Surprisingly, the Korean society is not underdeveloped. Demick is a witness to this assertion, as he claims Korea is actually a nation that has crawled out of the developed nations (Demick 7). Since the goal of the author is to reveal the darker side of North Korea, Demick specifically drew her interviewees from Chongjin, which is one of the largest towns in North Korea whose residents have encountered a myriad of challenges including the 1990s famine and the total closures from the rest of the world. With the nature of the social setting of the book, it is apparent that the North Korean do not do anything at will. They are technically brainwashed by the authoritarian administration and hence the difference between North and South Korea and perhaps the divisions of North and South Korea. The divisions of Korea initiated after the Second World War when the US and Russia made a decision on what to do with Korea. The North assumed the Russian system of governance (communist) while the south assumed the US system of governance (democracy). Consequently, Korea remains divided even today with the south having the freedom of speech and movement. This case perhaps explains well why the defectors only give their true accounts of life in North Korea while on the soils of South Korea. Summary of living conditions of North Korea between 1990 and 2000 The symbol of darkness by virtue of lack of electricity to light up even the main cities give vivid images of nature of North Korean life. Bearing in mind the presentation of the North Korean society this way, the title of the book is not coincidental. It is coined from the famous slogan adopted by Korean leaders
Introduction McCain Foods was established by the three brothers i.e., Wallace, Andrew, and Robert in 1957. The Company is one of the largest food producers in the globe. In addition, it has a market share of approximately 33% and more than twenty thousand employees. The Company produces high quality and healthy foods. The company has good work ethics, where they believe that they should have a healthy relationship with workers and employees. This is the reason as to why the Company has flourished for the last 3 decades (Curtis, 2005). The other frozen food company that operates in the same market is Bird’s eye. Although it is an American firm, it has an extensive network in the UK and Ireland. The company acquired several other well-established brands that include Riviera and McJenzie’s. The paper will look at how these two companies can maximize their profits in the UK. The mission of the Company is to offer high quality and low-calorie food to people in the United Kingdom. More so, the Company intends to sell all of its products at a fair price, targeting individuals drawn from all kinds of socio-economic backgrounds. The companies are different from their competitors because they sell low-calorie foods that are very tasty good to look at. More so, most individuals focus on healthy foods, this in return makes the companies outshine their competitors that sell high-calorie foods (Curtis, 2005). Both of these companies have acquired other established brands in a bid to increase their presence in the frozen food market. This has led to a largely monopolistic type of market in the frozen foods industry. Target market Most individuals in the United Kingdom are concerned about their health, thus prefer low calorie food. Therefore the companies have added advantages over their main competitors who mainly sell high calorie food such as Mac fries and KFC. The product is consumed by individuals from all socio- cultural background, and most buyers range from ages 20 and 55. In addition, women are the ones who mostly purchase the products, thus the companies highly concentrate on the female population (Curtis, 2005). Change in Business operations The change that has taken place in the market from a previous state of perfect competition to a largely monopolist competition means that the companies have increased control over how they price their products. This means that the rule of maximization of profits remains MR =MC, however, since the demand is downward sloping, P>MR, the companies can comfortably make profits that are above the industry average. There exist a number
Introduction Pasteurization is a fundamental technology. Evidently, it has been applied within different fields in the present society. Pasteurization enables the development and preservation of vital products and consumables. Analytically, the historical development of pasteurization dates back to 1856 (Slusky, 2007). Louis Pastuer emerges as the core founder of this important technological process. Various thematic concepts are evident from the discovery of pasteurization. Principally, the concept of empirical experience and evidence is evident. Several books discuss diverse issues and experiences derived from the process of pasteurization and its invention. Therefore, a critical examination of these writings depicts different thematic concerns. Particularly, the concerns relate to technological and scientific realms. In page 5 of the book, the significance of persistent empirical research in technological advancement is demonstrated. Why the Book Defends a Specific Thesis Significant technological invention is attainable through a persistent process of experiential and empirical research. The important thesis statement is supported in page 18 of this book. It highlights the significance of continuous research and experiment. This crucial thematic concern is promoted through the description of the underlying story of Louis Pastuer. According to Pastuer’s story, the consistent experiential experience overrides personal talent. Once an individual develops great interest in scientific experiments, the results supersede personal talent (Slusky, 2007). Categorically, the book supports this concept by indicating that Louis was more talented in arts and painting. However, his interests in science and technological experience led to the development of a fundamental process. The story also indicates that technological and scientific inventions are endless. This is demonstrated within all realms of scientific practice. A single technological discovery is applicable within very diverse fields of scientific and industrial practice. As indicated in the book, continuous critic and re-modelling of these processes is vital. Indicatively, this is because technological applications are manipulated by different factors. Some of these include impacts of globalization, environmental influences and other diverse intrinsic considerations. Ideally, the example drawn from Louis Pastuer indicates that fermentation process remains applicable across many fields (Slusky, 2007). Despite this variability in the fields of technological usage, there is a solitary critical underlying concept. Notably, it is the capacity of the process of pasteurization to kill germs. This is achieved at certain temperatures. The book indicates that the process was initially applied in the preservation of milk. Nonetheless, continuous criticism has led to the emergence of other potential zones of utility. Some of these include preservation of beverages, food and non-food subst
The abstract does not describe the study and the results accurately. The study involved carrying out a research to determine whether exercise would alleviate some of the cardiac complications that accompany diabetes type-2. It focused on defects occurring in cardiomyocytes from mice with type-2 diabetes. The authors did not give enough details of the study in the abstract. For instance, they did not mention how the study took place and under what conditions. Additionally, they failed to describe the methods used clearly. However, they gave clearer results and informative discussion in the abstract. They did not provide enough information in the abstract especially on methods used. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise would restore cardiomyocyte calcium ions cycling and excitation-contraction (EC) coupling defects in cardiomyocytes from mice with type-2 diabetes (db/db). The authors adequately indicated their reasons for carrying out the study. The reasons were to establish the role of exercise in reducing EC coupling defects and increasing cardiac performance by activation of Ca2+ – calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKIIδ). The background information provided was enough to understand the objectives of the study. For instance, they noted that diabetic mellitus cases would reach pandemic levels in the next 2 decades and cardiovascular mortality was approximately 2 to 4 fold higher in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients. Moreover, Stølen and colleagues (2009) have indicated that diabetics are 2.5 times more likely to develop congestive heart failure compared to non-diabetics. These fears of increasing diabetes mellitus cases prompted the authors to carry out this study. The db/db diabetic mouse model develops cardiomyopathy in the same manner as humans and this justifies their choice of mice. The methods used to collect data included, observations, experiments and use of judgmental samples. They describe the methods with sufficient details applicable for others to repeat or extend the study. The tools used to analyze the data, as one-way ANOVA is standard in research work. In carrying out western
According to Biblical scriptures, a family was made up of two persons, that is, the husband and the wife. The two parents are supposed to raise their children together. Due to unavoidable circumstances one parent may be forced to perform the roles of the other partner. This may result from the death of one parent, getting children out of wed lock, and divorce which causes the two parents to stay apart. But this paper focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of single motherhood. Mackay argues that women who are left to take care of their children find it difficult to play their roles and those of a father (2). In families where a father once existed and he was the soul bread winner his sudden death would leave the children devastated because the mother will take ages before she can handle her husband duties without pressure. In the past decades when women were designated to taking care of children widows found themselves between the rock and a hard place because they could not work hence the entire family was subjected to extreme poverty. Some opted to beg in the streets and others depended on the relatives to give them food. According to research carried out by Australia’s parliament Social Policy group this poverty can lead to moral decay in the family because the mother may turn to prostitution in order to sustain her family and in return her daughters would follow her footsteps (Rickard 1). The mother may be doing this vice innocently but again when something is practiced for so long it becomes a culture which could be passed over to the upcoming offspring. It is difficult to deal with such a problem because there is no one to instill discipline to the children thus the children are left to do as they wish because the mother has no time for such things. Miller and Ridge argue that apart from indiscipline among children the children will lack fatherly love. Additionally the mother will be challenged when dealing with the sons because there are certain things she does not understand about men and if the father was present he would counsel the boys at ease (2). Most fathers shield their children from immoral behavior and they achieve this by the authority that is accorded to them and once a father is gone the mother cannot achieve the same results because mothers are gentle, hence the children are not afraid of their mother. The results of lack of a father figure are indicated by the children of such families because it is common for daughters from single mothers to become pregnant at an early age. Sons too may become seasoned thugs because some of them drop out of school due to lack of sch