ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Concept of Sales Portfolio A sales portfolio refers to a comprehensive document that summarizes the sales data. A salesman uses it as a reference tool to examine the patterns of sale. It contains information regarding special deals, types of discounts, terms and conditions. A good sales portfolio contains a model to explain the relationship between input and output. To get a predetermined output, the entrepreneur requires some elements of the output. Sales Portfolio: A Bank Mortgage Advantages of a Mortgage People of different financial abilities need some form of financial arrangement to help them fund major projects such as purchasing a home. Commercial institutions chip in to help enthusiastic individuals realize their dreams. Without a mortgage plan, some low income individuals may never own a home due to their low levels of income and high cost of property in the real estate industry. A mortgage is a desirable option because it is available to people in long term employment plans such as teachers, doctors and police officers. A marketer may explain other products available to their customers. In many cases, mortgage customers are intellectually individuals who understand the importance of other products such as insurance policies. Essentially, a mortgage has flexible terms of payment for the customer. If the client is a long term employee in a government institution, the bank recovers the loan directly from the employer. Therefore, cases of defaults are minimal if any. Similarly, a bank can repossess the home if the client fails to pay the arrears. Disadvantages of a Mortgage Although a mortgage has several advantages to both the commercial institution and the customer, it has its share of disadvantages. Convincing a client to take a mortgage is a challenging task. Many clients are reluctant to take up a mortgage because of the high interest rates. It is a fact that many commercial banks and microfinance institutions charge high interest rates for mortgage services. It is unfortunate that some of the rates are way beyond the reach of many middle level income earners. Essence of a Sales Portfolio The sales portfolio helps marketers collect data regarding the progress of their sales campaigns. The portfolio should include information such as dates, number of clients, finances, demographic and regional data among other data that may be of interest. Figure 1.0 shows a sample of a sales portfolio for mortgage services. Date             Region           No. ofcustomers  Preferences  Method of payment    Amount     Feedback  June, 2014       Carolina         25               3 bedroom    Recover from salary  $100,000   Fair      August, 2014     New York         18               2 bedroom    Recover from salary  $120,000   Fair      September, 2014  Washington, D.C  15               2 bedroom    Recover from salary  $300, 000  Expensive  Role of Marketers Marketers link the product to the customer’s personal needs. They may use various str
People are sick and tired of mass shootings. This type of violent rampage generates paranoia and fear among the masses. It is high time to implement practical solutions curbing the number of mass shooting incidents per year. Based on the 21 st understanding of how the general public understands the concept of a mass shooting, it is interesting to note that there is a link between this particular phenomenon and mass media reporting. In other words, news that sensationalizes this type of criminal act encourages people that are prone to this type of behavior to believe that the destruction of multiple lives using this method is a more attractive way to express bottled up negative emotions. In the 21 st century, one of the best ways to reduce the incidence of a mass shooting is to persuade mass media organizations from sensationalizing news coverage of this type of criminal activity. Refutation Some believe that the mass media’s decision to sensationalize the news regarding mass shootings does not affect the rise in the number of reported incidents that are similar to the Columbine Massacre and the Virginia Tech Massacre. However, the evidence compiled by the proponent of this study leads to a different conclusion. It is easy to assert that mass media’s sensational news coverage is the primary reason for the sudden rise of similar incidents in the last ten years. An acute observer of current events will come to this conclusion especially after reviewing the modern-day interpretation of this type of mass murder. According to one report, a mass shooting is defined as the use of a gun to murder four or more people in a single event (Gonzalez and Wekerle 269). Main Reasons It is important to point out that mass shooting requires the participation of one or more shooters acting together (Stein 444). Also, a mass shooting occurs in a relatively public setting. This phenomenon is characterized by the use of guns to murder in schools, places of worship, and businesses (Gonzalez and Wekerle 269). It is imperative to highlight the fact that a serial killer murdering six people in one week is not an example of this type of criminal behavior. Furthermore, gun violence that resulted in the death of several individuals does not have the same impact as that of mass shootings (Stein 444). This type of criminal activity creates a different kind of effect because the deaths of several people occur within a single day at the hands of one or two gunmen (Cook & Goss 46). Furthermore, this phenomenon negatively affects the members of the community (Cook and Ludwig 3). As a result, the mass murder of people in a public setting draws greater mass media attention. It is the unique nature of this type of violent behavior that draws mass media reporters and compels them to generate 24-hour news cycles to cover the said incident. Therefore, it is impossible to interpret 21 st -century mass shootings without including the participation and impact of mass media organizations. Furthermore, the heavily publicized destruction of innocent
Introduction The aim of the proposal is to project the paper, which will define whether the parenting training classes are effective, and how the experience, gained during these trainings. In accordance with the outline, such aspects as personal experience and observations will be discussed. Considering the fact, that the topic is innovative enough, all the necessary requirements and recommendations will be discussed. Then, basing on the recommendations and hypothesis, the costs of the research will be evaluated, as adequacy and validity of any research strongly depends on this factor. Personal Involvement and Observations The personal involvement into the researched problem is minimal, as the personal experience is a tiny part of the entire research sphere, nevertheless, it should be emphasized, that the research results will be regarded through the prism of personal experience. There is strong necessity to emphasize that parenting classes give all the necessary skills for coping with a newborn child. Nevertheless, the main ideas, which should be taken into consideration is based on the statement, given in Benjamin Spock’s book, claiming that every child is a personality, all children are absolutely different, and there are no precise and unbreakable rules, defining how children should be grown. Consequently, the research should definitely focus on the issues of the most important skills, which training classes give to young parents. In accordance with the observations for the surrounding couples with newborn children, those who attended the classes are more confident with their kids, and their experience is more serious, in comparison with those, who neglected such classes. Nevertheless, these are mainly practical skills of caring of the child, and some psychological aspects of parent ‑ child communication, and aspects of being a parent. Nevertheless, these aspects entail only basic principles, as parents will have to define the behavioral aspect of child’s behavior, and apply their own life experience and knowledge for these particular aspects. Thus, the aim of the research will be to define the positive moments of training, evaluate the theoretic level of the training, and define how it really helps young parents. Another issue, which should be included into the research, is the definition of the gap, which can not be filled by the means of classes. As it has been stated, every child is a personality, and the classes are not able to consider all the possible aspects. The basic theoretical principles are often not sufficient for parenting. Hypothesis Considering all the aspects of the observation part of the paper, it should be stated that the hypothesis of the research should consider, whether the psychological aspects, taught during the parenting classes help parents to cope with their children during var
Affirmative Action is an effort by the federal government to ensure marginalized groups access employment opportunities and education services. The Affirmative Action law prevents discrimination that women and blacks have gone through for several years. In the United States, the law should increase the number of women in the senior managerial and leadership positions by solving the shortcomings that describe their history. Important institutions, such as colleges, law enforcement agencies, and healthcare centers must be representative of the populace they offer services. Unfortunately, a raging debate is ongoing regarding the suitability of affirmative action to the American society since the constitution suggests that each person has an equal opportunity to compete favorability. For the opponents of the law, they claim that its systems, including racial and gender quotas, are considered reverse prejudice. In this paper, it is argued that affirmative action should be upheld because women are still facing discrimination and their participation in politics and economic matters is till minimal. Studies conducted countrywide suggest that the number of women in almost all fields and professions has increased meaning affirmative action is helping women in realizing their desired objectives. Previously, women never enrolled in courses related to architectural studies, but through affirmative action, the percentage of female students has increased from three percent to nineteen. The number of doctors, lawyers, engineers, chemists, and female college faculty staff has also increased significantly (Felski, 2003). Affirmative action has not yet achieved its objectives and there should be no claim to do away with it, as this will deprive women and other marginalized groups of the opportunities that the constitution gives them. If anything, new policies should be introdused to make the law stronger to continue empowering the less fortunate. Currently, the constitution does not allow abortion. The issue is an ethical problem in the American society which provokes a heated debate. Reproduction issues, including provision of free healthcare allowing women to make abortions, as well as helping them when they need it, is one of the additions to be made to the affirmative action. Currently, women are expected to bear the responsibility for bringing up a child, including carrying pregnancies without considering consent, which is unfair. Women from minority communities, especially the blacks and Hispanic, face problems during pregnancy, but the government does not have an elaborate program to cater for their needs. According to Stanton (2002), declaration of independence in the US is incomplete without allowing women to exercise their full rights. A stronger policy should be formulated and be incorporated into the affirmative action to improve the situation. While many companies working with the government have been quick to approve the affirmative action and apply it in the hiring process, women and people of color rarel
Abstract I am going to write a proposal devoted to the identification of the reasons for road accidents. I conduct a literature review with the purpose to understand the causal variables which lead to road accidents. The theoretical framework is taken as a method for research. A comparison between Abu Dhabi and Dubai is the center of the discussion. I also take several interviews with doctors, police officials, and victims to get more data about the causes of accidents. The results of the research show that a human factor is the main reason for the accidents in both cities. However, human opinion about the reasons for the incidents differs in two cities that may cause more problems in case human opinion does not coincide with the real state of affairs. As a result, the research is useful as it creates the background for measures and laws for the safety and driving guidelines to reduce the number of road accidents which are to be imposed by the government in these two emirates. The novelty of the research is like the study which is a comparative one that shows that the problems with the driving rules are common for different cities in UAE. Introduction UAE is the country where the number of road incidents is too high. According to the UAE accident report for 2011, there are 6700 car accidents among which 7808 injuries and 720 deaths. This is a very high activity even though the country reports about the reduction of the number of cases (UAE accident report for 2011, 2012). In comparison, people die 7 times less likely in a car accident in the UK (Suraya Foundation, n.d.). Research is necessary in the sphere with the purpose to understand the main reasons for the road accidents as only in this case it is possible to offer the solution to the problem. It is essential to conduct comparative research that has presented the results of the road accident reasons in the two biggest emirates of UAE to show that the reasons are common for the places and the further changes are to be implemented on the state level. The proposal is aimed at pointing to the main reasons for the road incidents based on the reports and other literature sources with the purpose to allow the specialists to offer the solutions to reduce the number of car accidents in further research. Motivation/problem statement/importance of problem The problem is very important and it needs solutions in the nearest time. It has already been stated that UAE enumerates 6700 road incidents in 2011 (UAE accident report for 2011, 2012). Road incidents are the main reasons for child death in UAE (Asad, 2012). Therefore, the changes are necessary for the laws devoted to traffic. However, to be effective, the changes are to be based on the specific data, not on the prepositions and the experience of other countries. The problems which
American Progress is a painting created by John Gast in 1872. In the 19th century in the United States, a lot of people believed that there was some God-given plan for them to settle in those lands. They thought that they were meant to destroy the indigenous territories and the native way of life there, and instead to establish their own – the new and enlightened one. There was even a name for this belief, Manifest Destiny. American Progress is the representative of that time’s mindset. The painting portrays America’s westward expansion – with the figure of a woman in a white dress in the middle, symbolizing Progress. The movement in the picture is going from its right to the left, with the newborn Americans going after the Native Americans. One of the first things to notice is that the right, or ‘eastern’, side of the painting is lighter than the left, or ‘western’, one. It symbolizes the belief that Europe is more civilized and enlightened, and that the indigenous people still live in the dark. The telegraph cable that the woman is stretching across the continent, the book in her hand, the trains and the ships, and the bridge on the right – everything is empathizing the progress of the European Americans. The side of the Native Americans is portrayed as the wild one. They are running away, along with the indigenous animals of the land, not being able to understand or appreciate the ‘blessing’ of the American expansion. They all are meant to be tamed – just like the animals, who are now serving humankind, had been tamed in the past. The painting also shows the dissonance between modernization and nature. European Americans, blinded by the progress and the thrill of conquering the land, are forgetting the roots which all of us have equally come from. There is no understanding, no respect for the innate life. They want the ‘wild and uncultured’ tribes to step out of the way and let in the ‘educated’ colonizers. Another female figure that comes to mind when looking at American Progress is the Statue of Liberty. A woman dressed in a gown, bringing light and prosperity to the American nation. The Statue of Liberty is considered to be the symbol of American liberation, and in particular, the Afro-American one. The figure of Progress in the painting is a symbol of guidance for the European Americans back in the years of the expansion. She symbolizes the education, development, and flourish of the nation. On the other hand, it is not all bright – since it portrays the conquest and the destruction of the Native American land and indigenous people living in it. It sends the message that the American nation does not offer freedom to everyone – only those who fit in with its main course and who share its beliefs. American Progress glorifies Westward expansion and presents it as the most righteous thing. Although nowadays this topic is not as light and joyous at all, for the time of John Gast, it was the most normal thing. In the modern world, the best thing one can do is learn the history of the land they live on and respect its roots, its cul
Background According to Yin and Fang (2010), Google China was introduced in China in 2006 and after three years, its revenue in China had doubled. This was attributed to Google’s advanced product innovation and its outstanding technological framework. In 2009, online advertising was mainly through two of its products: ADsense and Adwords (Davis, 2006, p. 152). These products increased the company’s profit margin immensely. In addition, this outstanding revenue triggered Google to launch some popular applications such as Google Calendar, Google Talk, and Google Docs among others. To operate these products, Google had to pump colossus revenue into developing internet-based infrastructure. This resulted to millions of servers and billions of search requests being processed daily. The internet search industry in China has been characterized by rapid growth and stiff rivalry. Other players in the market have been Baidu, Yahoo, Sohu, and Sina. Baidu and Google dominated the largest percentage of the market especially in 2008. While in China, Google put in place mechanisms for its growth. These entail investment in its Research and Development, development and expansion of its sales team, devising a primary search product and developing partnerships with other firms. This enabled the company to enlarge its market share in China. In addition, the company also launched some other services to support the search function. While in china, Google faced several hurdles such as delayed licensing from the China government, accusations for use of pornography in its search words, copyright violation tussles with Chinese writers and censorship resulting to suspension of its internet services. As MacKinnon (2006) explains, Google had some problems with the China government in 2002 that had seen the latter block the company’s search engine. This went on until later in 2009 when Google officially announced several security concerns especially on some of its Chinese Gmail accounts. Earlier this year (2010), there was much discus
Fergusson and Jakobsen (2001) hold that children who exhibit early-onset behavior problems are more exposed to later crime. During adolescence, rule-breaking and antisocial behavior vary. It spans from truancy at school to violent and property offenses and other extreme genres such as sexual assault. The nature of behavior problems particularly the absence or presence of physical aggression is central to a concrete understanding of the origins and effects of conduct problems (Tremblay, 2010). Tremblay (2010) reports that research shows that persistent criminal behaviors happening in adulthood root from strongly disruptive conduct, such as hyperactivity, opposition, and physical aggression among others, in childhood or behavior problems at adolescence (p. 347). The appearance of early life behavior disorder is one of the major risk factors to an adult criminal lifestyle (Moffitt. 2008, p. 691). According to Moffitt (2008), although delinquency risk factors have been identified, enough research has not been carried out on the risk factors related to the subgroups of behavior disorders that exhibit particular behavior patterns (p. 700). The main categories of risk factors associated with non-violent and violent delinquency include family, neighborhood, peer, school, cognitive, biological, and cognitive characteristics or individual propensities (Wright, 2008, p. 190). Most of these factors are present in the early childhood years while others surface later in adolescen
Introduction A research design is a ‘‘blueprint’’ for a research, and it normally deals with at least four problems. The problems are: the question to be studied, making the data relevant to be incorporated in the study, the data that a researcher need to collect and how the data collected may be analyzed. Therefore, the best research design will depend on the research questions and the target of a researcher (Khanzode, 2004). There are two main types of research questions; descriptive research and explanatory research. A descriptive research, normally explain what is going on. On the contrary, explanatory research focuses on giving an explanation on what is going to be done. Therefore, a research design is more than just a frame work because it ensures that, the evidence obtained enable the researcher to answer the initial question (Zikmund, 2008). Research Participants/Target Population Measuring the entire population is quite challenging in social science research because of the population diversity. Therefore it becomes necessary to select a sample from the entire population using the most appropriate sampling technique. The selection of participants to be included in a study is the most important aspect of a research (Kumar, 2005). In this study, the participants will be human resource managers of various selected companies and their employees. The managers and employees to be selected will be assigned groups for the purpose of the study. Therefore, it is essentially important to be a ware of the procedures to be followed in order to select the most appropriate group of participants. Normally participants are selected after selecting the most appropriate research design for the study. The participants may be selected using probability sampling. In this case, the participants have equal chances of being selected in the sample and the probability can accurately being determined (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). Under the probability sampling there are various sampling techniques involved among them include; Simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling and multistage sampling. In simple random sampling all the participants have equal probability of being selected (Zikmund, 2008). Therefore in this study simple random sampling is going to be applied because of its simplicity and that; all participants will have equal chances of inclusion. Instruments According to Kumar (2005), the instruments for data collection to be used in a study depend on the information to be gathered. Therefore, in this study, several instruments will be incorporated together in order to obtain a sharp focus of the study. Among the tools that are going to be applied include; personal interviews, observation, self administered survey, checklist and rating scale. Personal interviews will be conducted between the human resource managers of the selected firms. The researcher will interview the human resource managers of the selected firms by asking those questions regarding e