ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The intention of the Victorian State Government to undertake the East West Link Project is a good move that will improve the state of infrastructure in the City of Melbourne. The construction of 18 kilometer-road network across Melbourne to link the already existing Western Ring Road to the Eastern Freeway is a very ambitious project. Given that this project is estimated to cost about 8 billion US dollars, it is clear that the project will be very involving and therefore, needs a lot of dedication from the government and all the stakeholders. According to Kloppenborg (2009), it is always important to understand the magnitude of a project before developing its prototype. When developing a prototype, the management should have a deep understanding of the intended goals and objectives that the project seeks to accomplish. In this case, the project management must have an understanding of what the Victorian State Government expects from the project. This government intends to spend about 8 billion dollars in this project. It must get what its investment is worth. The project management team has a major task of ensuring that this project yields the needed result. This must start from the planning stage of this project. Heldman (2011) says that a successful project is always seen at the planning stage. Planning of the project involves forecasting what the project team members will be doing, the expected timeline for every activity in the project, the associated costs at every stage, and any other costs and tasks that will be carried out within the project. The planning stage also involves defining the roles of every project member. Project Initiation Tonnquist (2009, p. 118) observes that the first stage in project management process is the initiation stage. At this stage, the financiers and those who own the project identifies the need to undertake the project. In this project, the Victorian State Government has identified the need to develop a road that would join Western Ring Road to Eastern Freeway as a way of decongesting the City of Melbourne. Having identified the need to be met by project, then the project team members can move to the planning stage. Project Planning Project Objectives According to Meredith (2012), it is not possible for a project to be successful when project members and the stakeholders do not understand the exact objectives of the project. Defining specific project objectives is always important before the onset of the project. In most of the cases, the financier is always responsible for the development of these objectives. This is because the financier knows what should be achieved upon completion of the project. In this project, the Victorian State Government knows why this project is important and what it should achieve when it is finally completed. Developing project objectives is not only meant for the financiers or owners of the project. Every stakeholder has a role to play in this in order to ensure that the objectives developed are smart in nature. The objectives should be specific and
In her play “W;t”, Margaret Edson discusses the problematic questions of suffering and seeking for the sense of life and life priorities with references to the reflections of Vivian Bearing, professor of English, on her life with the ovarian cancer and on her previous life experience. The final scenes of the play make the viewer think about the sense of life while referring to Dr. Bearing’s thoughts on the problem, but the controversial character of the play influences the viewer’s vision of the theme and idea significantly, affecting the interpretation of the ending. Edson draws the viewers’ attention to the fact that, during the whole life, Dr. Bearing focused on the ideals of science, on the role of knowledge, on the mystic poetry of John Donne instead of concentrating on the other life values such as family and relations. Nevertheless, Vivian had rethought her vision of the life values while suffering from pain and loneliness before she died. The conclusions of Dr. Bearing in relation to the priorities in life can make the viewer focus on the personal interpretation of these significant questions and agree with Dr. Bearing’s final considerations. Thus, the ending of “W;t” can be interpreted as the call to action in order to change the attitude to the life and to determining the life priorities; this call is hidden under the deep conclusions and detailed reflections of Dr. Bearing on her life. The viewer knows that Dr. Bearing is suffering from the fourth stage of the metastatic ovarian cancer from the first pages of the play. In spite of the fact that it is rather difficult to accept the idea of Dr. Bearing’s death, this situation is discussed as unavoidable that is why much attention is paid to Dr. Bearing’s thoughts about her vision of the situation. From this point, the ending of the play cannot be discussed as unpredictable for the viewer, but to make definite conclusions about the play, it is necessary to follow Dr. Bearing’s life journey with focusing on the fact that the woman intends to rethink her attitude to life and its values. The interpretation of the play’s ending as the call to action seems to be reasonable because the main character achieves the definite type of enlightenment before dying, and this enlightenment changes Dr. Bearing’s whole vision of life and its laws. It is the time when Dr. Bearing achieves not typical scien
Introduction The great Depression took place in America during the 1920s and its effects were unprecedented as it caused poverty and suffering upon the society. Many believe that that the depression was caused by the U.S. stock-market crash that took place in 1929. Nonetheless, there is no consensus on its cause as other factors are also acceptable. The economic devastation of the 1920s led to the Great Depression and brought a tragedy for the whole society. Causes of The Depression Many causes have been put forward to explain the causes of the great Depression over which the economists have disagreed. However, one thing that cannot be disputed is that the Depression had major impacts upon the country and the lives of people. Crash of stock market The crash of the stock market in 1929 ushered in the Great Depression. The capital in America was represented by stocks. There were easy-money policies that caused the stocks prices to go very high and this led to a big speculation that made people invest all their money in the stock market. Eventually, the price of the stocks went down sharply and people started selling their stocks in panic. The number of stocks available for sale was higher that the number of people willing to buy and eventually the market crashed (Great Depression, 2008). Uneven distribution of prosperity The 1920s saw the American economy rise but the prosperity was unevenly distributed and the farmers as well as the untrained laborers were largely excluded. It therefore led to the nation having a greater production capacity and could not match in consuming the products. Policies Moreover, the policies of the Republican administration in regards to war-debts and tariff had led to a decline in market for the American goods (Great Depression, 2008). Effects of The Depression The effects of the Great Depression were felt both at home and abroad. No one escaped its reeling effects. For example, countries in Europe were affected greatly as their economies were hit hard. In Germany, the economic blow led to social dislocation that is alleged to have played a major role bringing Adolf Hitler to power (Great Depression, 2008). Unemployment When the Great Depression set in many people lost their jobs. The unemployment levels rose as many factories closed and up to about 16 million people had lost their jobs between 1932 and 1933 (Great Depression, 2008). The Great Depression compares to the economic recession that took place in 2007 in American and its effects felt on a global scale. For instance, the following words by president Obama show the similarities “Even though economists may say the recession officially ended last year, obviously for the millions of people who are still out of work… it’s still very real for them” (Hill, 2010). Massive poverty Consequently, job losses and loss of money in the stock market the people fell into massive levels of poverty. The people did not have a
Depression is the most common psychiatric illness during treatment and cancer diagnosis. It is a disorder that involves thoughts, moods, and the body (Senra & McPherson, 2021). Depression influences an individual’s feelings and thoughts about themselves, together with their eating and sleeping habits (Senra & McPherson, 2021). A depressive state happens on a continuum from ordinary sadness that escorts life-controlling diseases to a significant emotional disorder (Senra & McPherson, 2021). For instance, it may start with the loss of enjoyment and interest in everyday activities, mood swings, and a selection of physical, cognitive, behavioral, and related emotional symptoms. Furthermore, a person diagnosed with cancer who has seen people die because of the disease might panic and go into depression (Senra & McPherson, 2021). That is because they fear that they may suffer a similar fate as those who have died because of the cancer disease. Most cancer patients fear suffering from losses of body parts such as hair or breast. According to National Cancer Institute (NCI), cancer can affect human beings at any level and status (as cited in Suh et al., 2020). However, the NCI approximates that one out of three women and one out of two men will be diagnosed with cancer in their life (Suh et al., 2020). Furthermore, the possibility of having cancer in females is roughly 38%, while in males is approximately 44.85% (Suh et al., 2020). That shows that the possibility of cancer in males is higher regardless of their shorter life span (Suh et al., 2020). However, the harshness and frequency of the cancer conditions or side effects in different gender have not yet adequately been assessed. Nevertheless, depression in a cancer patient is estimated to be there during the initial cancer diagnosis up to the fatal stage, especially those with poorly managed physical symptoms. Persistent and severe depression syndrome is four times frequent in cancer patients than in the overall population (Suh et al., 2020). A depressed person displays a self-deprecating illustrative style in which they consent to more accountability for bad results than good results. Depression is caused by a wrongful understanding of the patient’s illness or concerns about their diagnosis, mental health problem, stigma, the magnitude of pain, and family history of depression, among others (Suh et al., 2020). The thought is manifested through negative opinions about the future and yourself. The intellectual depression hypothesis contains specific feature schemas that become stimulated and leads to cognitive alterations (Gold et al., 2020). They comprise a negative formation of self-worth, creating a thought content imbalance that produces feelings such as pessimism, loneliness, sadness, and guilt. Such feelings result in the cancer patient blaming themselves for the illness. Furthermore, due to the patients’ ignorance, they think that cancer means death when they can live and cope quite well despite the disease. The most common raised symptoms of the sleep disorder are exhaustion in the morning, difficulty falling and staying asleep. Accordi
This statement is meant to bring to your attention the progress that we have made so far regarding the development of the new product in the company. The production team has done a great job and is in the process of acquiring inventory that will be needed for the purpose of product manufacturing. The production team will be greatly indebted to you if necessary support is accorded to them during this time. We have conducted various market tests as well as extensive research into the use of this product to our target markets and the response we have got so far is very promising. The target markets have already been mapped out and we are sure of the various market segments that we need to target and where additional marketing would be important. A fireless cooker does basically what seems impossible. It cooks food with no need of fire. Perhaps this might sound surprising. It works on the principle of steaming and heating. The walls of the cooker are insulated so that heat once trapped cannot be lost when cooking. It hence can be used for the purposes of cooking food or maintaining food in hot temperatures for periods lasting to 8 hours. Basically, clients will be required to slightly heat the meals they want to cook until boiling point. When boiling occurs, the food is well covered in a dark cotton material and placed in the cooker and the lid is shut tightly. Depending on the food being cooked, cooking time may be controlled until the food is ready. Hot water and hot beverages can also be preserved using this cooker. The advantage of this product is that it helps cut down costs associated with electricity or gas needed for cooking as heating is done slightly. We have already sold out 100 samples of the cookers and the response from the market has been amazing. We have 1000 orders within two days and we are sure we will hit the 100,000 mark within one month alone. It is a viable product which should receive immense support.
The advertisement dubbed “Don Small Goods” that was featured in Australian Women weekly magazine on page 95 emphasized the significance of color in marketing. The advertisement was an article that emphasized the theme contained in the advertisement. From a careful analysis of the advert, one can discern that the target market ware businessmen who use color to brand their products. In line with this, the main objective of the advertisement was to emphasize the essence of choosing appropriate colors by marketers to brand their products. Therefore, the theme contained in the advert was on how to recognize colors and their messaging power especially in branding and marketing of products. The advertisement was written in English and the choice of words used was quite informative and had a lot of significance to marketers. However, it seemed the arrangement of words in the advertisement was incorrect and this ruined the entire statement on the cover. The language used was not clear and hence, errors were made during printing. Besides, the color theory in the advert simply dictates that every color has its symbolic value and meaning. Therefore, marketers need to make the correct choice of colors for their products depending on value and the meaning they want to communicate to customers. Some of the principles of marketing communication studied include clarity, coherence, and preciseness. I realized that precise information makes one grasp the message presented with ease. Moreover, words used should be clear and information conveyed should be coherent. Notably, the advertisement is effective for use in developing future strategies for the campaign even though there is still room for improvement especially on the language used. In regards to a future magazine advertisement, I recommend that they should use simple and correct language that is easy for the target audience to understand. Moreover, advertisement language should be clear and coherent. However, promotional activities such as offers are essential in supplementing advertisements. Therefore, a company needs to review online updated information while making advertisements to convey the intended message.
Phonetic transcription is based on the visual representation of speech sounds (phonemes and phones). The most common forms of phonetic transcriptions employ phonetic alphabets (Titterington & Bates, 2018). Phonetic transcription transcribes the phonology of a language or goes further to stipulate the precise phonic understanding. Indispensable Tool for Professionals Phonetic transcription is an indispensable tool for professionals since it provides meaning that is impossible in orthography. While some languages in orthography, such as English, are usually irregular and make it hard to differentiate pronunciation from spelling, phonetic transcription presents a direct connection between sounds and symbols (Klintö & Lohmander, 2017; Werfel, 2017). It also articulates distinctions in pronunciation between dialects in a language and recognizes variations that may occur over time. Guidelines There are many important guidelines when learning phonetic transcription; they include independence, systematicity, and reliability. Independence entails the capacity to transcribe what is heard and enables rapid identification of troublesome sounds and other concerns (Knight, Bandali, Woodhead, & Vansadia, 2018). Being set free from the need to consult dictionaries and websites for pronunciation allows a person to focus on other important things. Phonetic transcription promotes systematicity, organized attempts that allow excellent spelling of words, since without explicit systems of symbols, such endeavors fail. The reliability guideline enables learners to instantly associate the pronunciation of related and rhyming words with each other (El-Sulukiyyah, 2019; Jones, Kalbfeld, Hancock, & Clark, 2019). If learners can reliably read the transcription, they gain the ability to take note of arising differences. Conclusion Phonetic transcription is anchored in the visual depiction of speech sounds. It transliterates the phonology of a language or stipulates an accurate phonic realization. Phonetic transcription is an essential tool for professionals since it allows an excellent understanding of the meaning of words.
The decline of the great Ottoman Empire has been described by historians as the decline of Faith and State. The shifts in the interaction between the Europeans and the Ottoman Empire were precipitated by the inabilities of the Ottoman Empire to analyze the shifts in economic powers especially the role played by Europe. The first shift was marked by the Tulip period (1718 – 1830) following numerous wars and losses that resulted in reforms. This period marked the first attempt of adoption of the European culture and art that were later replicated in the culture of the Turkish Republic. In the mid-1700s, “the diffusing political authority of the Ottoman political authority led to interludes of peace on the European Frontiers” (Chambers, 2000) that signaled the challenges the Ottoman Empire was facing. The decline of the Ottoman Empire began way before the period around the First World War (1914-1918). These included problems in leadership and military, inflation, intellectual decline, and corruption. “The Ottoman Empire became under the rule of the Young Turk following the 1908 – 1908 revolution” (Chambers, 2000). Ambitious and eager to entrench Turkish nationalism, “they replaced Hamidian despotism by the constitutional, parliamentary government under the Young Turk Committee of Union and Progress” (Chambers, 2000). The balance of power was shifted by the two Balkan Wars and the war with Italy over Libya. The eruption of the Second Balkan War in 1913 was precipitated by the disproval of the annexation of large territory Bulgaria that resulted in the support of the Ottoman by Greece, Serbia, and Montenegro. The three powers successfully managed to recover the territories annexed by Bulgaria; an event that marked the last military victory in Ottoman history. This was the major factor behind the First World War. According to Chambers (2000) “this last defeat and triumph for the Ottomans would precipitate a situation that would snowball into the First World War in that the Ottoman territories that fell into European hands precipitated a crisis among European powers that would eventually lead directly to World War I.” The preceding events ushered in a new generation of young Turkish military elements such as (Enver, Talat, and Jemal Pashas). Under this young generation that dominated the political scene of Istanbul, the Ottomans entered the First World War in support of Germany. “The Ottoman rule eventually came to an end in 1922 when Turkey was declared a Republic and the adoption of the European style of government under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal” (Hooker,1999). The interaction between the Ottoman and the rest of the world was mainly through the important trade routes that passed through its territories. The ancient route that “linked China to the West was a critical ro
Introduction Space hazards refer to the events that take place beyond the surface of the earth and that may affect the health of an individual. The study of space is best understood under the subject of astronomy which explains what space is composed of as well as what can be done and what cannot be done in space. Astronauts are best positioned to operate in space since they have studied the universe and understand the risks and the benefits of the operations in space. There are various hazards that are associated with space which are mainly as a result of the events that are carried out in space. Aircrafts are the most common manmade objects in space as well as other objects that astronauts use in the space operations. Space hazards are mainly as a result of the effects of weather, radiation. Astronomy Astronomy refers to the “science that investigates the distribution, composition, physical state, movement and evolution of material in the universe beyond the earth’s surface” (Becker 1). The distribution of matter or energy includes its position, arrangement and frequency over a certain area in the universe or in the whole space. The composition of matter includes its chemical composition qualitatively and quantitatively. For instance, the qualitative composition of the sun includes hydrogen and helium while its quantitative composition includes the numerical or actual percentages of the substances that make it up i.e. the volume of the sun is made up of 95% hydrogen and 5% helium while its mass is made up of 78% hydrogen, 20% helium and 2% heavy metals (Becker 1). The physical state of the matter in the universe can either be in the form of “solid, liquid, gas or plasma” (Becker 1). On the other hand, the movement of material in space involves their positional change which mainly involves rotation and revolution. Finally, the evolution of matter in space refers to the theories that have been put across by scholars to explain the origin and the future of matter in the universe. Some of these theories include the steady state, the big bang and the oscillating universe (Becker 1). Space hazards Many space hazards occur in the universe every day and not only affect the objects operating directly in space but also technological processes on the surface of the earth such as communication, power grids and others (NASA 1). The effects of space hazards are so extreme since space is one of the most extreme environments imaginable with experiences of extreme temperature, extremely hot and extremely cold as we
Introduction Literature is a term which is commonly used to describe material that is either spoken or written (Cruse, 2000). It is a term that is used as a representation of a language, culture or tradition and thus introduces people to a whole new world of experience. Literature is also considered to be the basis of life as it places more emphasis on numerous topics ranging from human tragedies to tales of the search for love and affection (Donner, 2008). Moreover, it is seen as the closest thing people have to being able to comprehend others whole-heartedly. Literature and communication tend go hand in hand as the latter is an essential part of our daily lives. From what has been observed in the course of the years, effective communication tends to enhance people’s personal, career as well as social relationships, allowing them to make bonds with individuals from other cultures (Lankshear, Peters, & Knobel, 2000). Today’s era is one that is rather saturated with communication technologies which have had an impact on people as well as societies. Discussion Evolution of Cell Phones and their Impact on Literature Following the introduction of written language