ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the last ten years, there has been a steady increasing in the value of Chinese imports in the United States. Chinese products have various features that enable them to be competitive. The low price of Chinese products is one of the major factors that have increased its competitiveness in the American market. There has been a steady increase in the consumption of imported food in the United States. Retailers usually strive to find low-cost suppliers of imported foods who would supply them with exotic and ethnic foods. These foods are high demand among American consumers. The U.S. imports most food products from China and Europe. However, there have been several cases of importation of unsafe food products. One of the most recent scandals of importation of unsafe food products was in Europe. The scandal involved important the importation of horsemeat. Various countries were victims of unsafe food products. In addition, the outbreak of mad cow disease in various countries also leads to the contamination of food products. These foods may find their way into the international market. Therefore, countries should ensure that they have stringent measures that would prevent the importation of contaminated food products. Since the U.S. imports a sizeable percentage of food products, contamination may have devastating effects. Various measures help the U.S. in reducing the possibility of unsafe Chinese imports finding their way into the market. China is one of the largest exporters of food products to America. The value of Chinese food imports increased three-fold between 2001 and 2008. This necessitates the U.S. to ensure that food from the country meets various safety standards. This is because the importation of unsafe food products from the country would have a very great effect on the America
Conducting research is often linked with having a practical experience concerning the subject matter and, therefore, supporting a study based on the speculations made solely on theoretic premises with certain proofs. However, one might argue that the construction of knowledge and meaning, which is essential for researching a certain problem, does not need experience in the field studied. Even though Jenlink’s article on the topic of theory and practice and their relation to research may be considered somewhat harsh, as the author nearly dismisses the significance of experience in conducting a study, the idea of drawing a line between researchers and practitioners seems quite legitimate, as it allows for further reconciliation of the two and the creation of educational leadership. Experience is often considered to be the essential constituent of expertise, i.e., the element that is required for gaining a certain amount of credibility in a certain area. Moreover, the importance of experience is often emphasized in the academic realm, though it is frequently debated that theory should prevail over experience and define the key decisions made in the course of a study. Jenlink, also supporting the assumption that experience and theory are linked, insists that the former should always be intertwined with the latter: “theory and practice, researcher and practitioner all share an equally important and inseparable relationship” (Jenlink, 2009, p. 74). The process of distinguishing between the two is crucial to the redefinition of the notions and their further integration into an entirely new approach, Jenlink explains (Jenlink, 2009). Indeed, according to the author, the incorporation of the basic theoretical principles and the information gained in the course of a certain experiment or a test with the key premises of a specific theory is likely to finally lead to fruitful and meaningful results. To research the business setting, though, one needs to apply the key theoretical tenets for creating a research framework. In fact, theory supplies the key basis for the accomplishment of practical assignments, as Jenlink explains: “The memory of practice I bring to the classroom is reflected in the mirror of a theory that I introduce” (Jenlink, 2009, p. 74). Therefore, much to his credit, the author understands that theory and practice are linked very closely together and stresses it regularly throughout the paper. Therefore, denying that business research can be conducted based on practice solely would be wrong; however, one must also bear in mind that the limitations of the study with the above-mentioned design are going to be quite num
Thomas Jefferson was elected as the president and took the oath of office as the third president of the US in 1801. He served for a two year term and retired in 1809. Before taking up the presidency, Jefferson had an active role in constitution making, and the drafting of the declaration of independence in 1776. The important nature of the Declaration of Independence cannot be overstated; it was through the statement that the 13 colonies in America declared their independence from the British Empire (Jewett 15). Since its creation by Thomas Jefferson and other committee members appointed to the second continental Congress on July 1776, the declaration has been upheld by Americans as the single most important representation of what the United States should be (The charters of Freedom 46). Although the statement underwent some editing where clauses regarding slaves were omitted much to be chagrin of Jefferson, approximately sixty percent of what he had written was retained (Henreta & Brody 153). A renowned author, lawyer and orator, Jefferson is credited with penning down the Declaration of independence which acts as a commitment by the government to respect democracy and give equal rights to all people. This paper is of the opinion that inclusion of clauses on human rights and independence in a statement that was mainly meant to communicate the sovereignty of states. Jefferson perhaps understood more about society and development than most of his colleagues in the continental Congress did. A slave owner himself, his denunciation of slave trade must have come as a surprise to many. However, considering that the first sentence in the declaration declared that “all men are created equal, they are endowed with certain inalienable rights, which include life, liberty and the right to pursue happiness” (Jewett 16), it is clear that may be Jefferson had realized the way to develop the entire society was to give everyone their inalienable rights regardless of their race, color or gender. Decades later, history proved that Jefferson was indeed right. Jefferson further stated in categorical terms that governments are instated among people, and delivers powers from the same people (Hancock 3). As such, he stated that the people had the mandate to alter or overthrow a government which did not serve the good of the people and put a new government in the former’s place. To this day, this concept that a government must serve the interest of the electorate forms the basis of American democracy. Fifty years after the declaration of Independence in 1825, Jefferson sought to minimize the level of political philosophy attached to the wording of the declaration. In a letter written to Henry Lee, he described the declaration as a plain appeal to the world, appealing the world’s assent to the independent stand that America had taken. Jefferson further stated that the authority of the declaration of Independence lay on harmonized sentiments by people, wh
Name and Nature of Organization McDonald’s corporation is a world leading chain of hamburger fast food restaurant with a presence on 119 countries. The company started as a barbecue restaurant that was operated by two brothers Maurice and Richard McDonald in 1940. Ray Kroc who had joined the company as a franchisee in 1955 later purchased the brand in 1961 and facilitated the opening of many branches across the globe so as to attain a worldwide reach (Lechner, 2009). He adopted the principles of quality, service, cleanliness, and value. Rosaldo & Inda (2008) studied that Kroc was of the opinion that a customer should have gotten a full refund of his/her money should the customer have not been satisfied with the quality of service and the product itself. In addition, he set the standard of quality of the McDonald’s products be insisting on cleanliness at all times. Kroc was quoted as saying that if a steward could have time to stand, he could also have the time to push a broom and make places clean. This set the standard for cleanliness and quality that is still enjoyed at the McDonald has to date. The restaurants deal in hamburgers, chicken, French fries and cheese burgers among others depending on the location of the restaurant (Smart, 1999). It also deals in shakes, soft drinks and desserts. Most of the restaurant products have the prefix Mc so that the chicken is called the McChicken thereby making the brands known. The company further states that ‘we are committed to continuously improving our operations and enhancing our customers’ experience’ (McDonald’s, 2011). The values of the company include concern about customer experience, commitment to the customers, ethical practice, giving back to the community, striving to improve, and growing business profitably. Activity and Time Period The time period that I have used is January 2010 to December 2010. This time period was chosen because of the nature of the paper that requires the assessment for a prior decision or a future decision. Due to the lack of information about both prior and future operational decisions of McDonald’s corporation pertaining to operations, I have chosen to look at a future decision. This will not only create an ease in the calculations but also allow me to demonstrate by understanding in a more appropriate manner. Data It is imperative that the senior management and the board of directors of the McDonald’s corporation should have detailed understanding of the costs structures at every level of the organization. The value chain of the company begins from research and development through to customer service. Research and development involves finding out what business opportunities are feasible in the rice market and how it can be developed in a way that suits the consumers who are the primary concern of a company during production. The production/manufacturing stage on the other hand ensures that the product that is made is cost effective, appropriate
Costs refer to the expenses incurred while an organization carries out activities such as the provision of services or production of goods. Costs can either be incurred in paying the workers who perform the duties involved in providing services or in purchasing materials required in the provision of such services. In the case of Oak City, costs refer to the amount of money charged by the city in providing services within the police jurisdiction. The central issue in the Oak City Case is the determination of costs. The case also encompasses the costs relating to services such as police and fire (Ingram, Parsons, and Robbins, 1998). One of the methods that the city can use in determining the cost of providing services is job costing. With the use of this method, the city can determine the cost of each of the services offered. Based on the costs incurred, the city can then determine the amount to be charged. The other method is service costing; using this method, Oak City will determine the cost of providing services to the public and businesses within the police jurisdiction. Another costing method is the accrual method that looks into the incomes earned and the expenditure incurred (Ingram, Parsons, and Robbins, 1998). Oak City uses the accrual basis of accounting; this method takes into consideration the expenditures incurred and the revenues generated. The city uses this method to make estimates with regard to revenues that may be recorded. The method used is fair since it takes into consideration the services provided by the city (Ingram, Parsons & Robbins, 1998). The method is in accordance with the state law since it does not violate the legal requirements of providing services within the police jurisdiction. According to Anita, she has paid extra business fees to the city, starting in 1994. Her argument is that the city should pay her the excess amounts she has already incurred. I support her position since the city should charge fees according to the services provided. Anita’s company seems to be outside the police jurisdiction of the city; as such, she should not be paying excess fees. In my analysis, the costs to be charged to the businesses within the police jurisdiction should not be fixed. A business should only pay for the services provided by
Introduction European Union is one of the major economic-political blocs to exist in the world, encompassing most of western Europe and expanding eastward. The EU has a large internal single market that operates under a singular system of laws applicable for all member states. Its purposes largely revolve around making the travelling of people, goods, services, and capital within a single system easier, and to make decisions on important common policies like trade, agriculture, development, and fishing possible. The purpose of this policy note is to provide the general information about EU economy, show its importance in comparison to other countries, discuss the effect of Brexit and COVID-19 on the situation, and analyze different measures taken by member states to deal with the problem. General Economic Information about the EU The EU has a population of about 447 million people, making it one of the largest and most high-paying markets in the world. Its’ total GDP is estimated at 20.3 trillion USD a year, with 45,500 USD per capita, though the actual number varies from one country to another, depending on the economic situation there. For example, the highest GDP per capita in the EU is in Luxemburg, with over 110,000 USD a year, whereas the lowest is in Bulgaria, with 26,034 USD a year. The overall GDP used to grow by roughly 2.5-3% from year to year, with the growth slowing down considerably in 2019 (to 1.66%), and then suffering a calamitous drop by -7.11% in 2020. The current unemployment rate stands at 7.1% across the union, having grown from 6.5% during the first half of 2020 ( Unemployment rates 2020). The current inflation rate is relatively low, standing at 0.62% for EU-27, which is lower when compared to the annual growth of 1.5-1.8% achieved in the previous three years ( Euro area inflation rate 2020). EU’s total account balance constituted a surplus in 2019, standing at 385 billion USD in 2019, however the majority of those funds were gathered by wealthier EU nations, such as Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and others ( Balance of payment statistics 2019). Countries such as Greece, Romania, Cyprus, and Ireland, among many others, constituted a deficit in the past year. As it is possible to see, the EU as a bloc showed reasonable growth in the previous years, despite the inequalities between member states, but the recent slump is associated with crises that struck it several times in a row. Importance of the EU Economy Compared to Other Countries EU is one of the central economies in the world, constituting 16.28% in 2018, which put it higher than the US, which stood at 15.2%, but lower than China (the world’s largest single-state economy) with its 18.69% (Dur et al. 2020). Despite that, EU sports some of the highest GDPs per capita and a high customer purchasing power, making it a very lucrative and desirable market. The bloc’s top give trade partners include the US (615 billion USD in exchanged goods), China (559 billion USD), UK (511 billion USD), Switzerland (256 billion USD) and Russia (230 billion USD) (Dur et a
In the area of our psyche, the media wields frightening power. As consumers, we may believe we are active participants in the media. There may be an assumption that we choose our media, that we police its affects, that we understand its affects, and that we successfully counter any negative stereotypes or insensitive cultural representations that our media may depict with our own innate sense of self. We may believe that the media does not teach us how to think. We may also believe that our creativity and self esteem is in our hands, to nurture or decimate as we see fit. Unfortunately, the opposite is true. This paper represents an engagement with the work of three authors who have studied the personal and private effects of the media on the individual’s psyche: Stuart Hall, James Lull, and Laura Mulvey. As these authors demonstrate, media representations, specifically those of “the other,” – namely, all the women, and all of the other races on this planet besides Caucasians – still exact a heavy toll on our creativity, our ability to take risks, and our ability to hold, bolster, and develop our self esteem. Simply in seeing ourselves as “other,” affects our self worth detrimentally and sometimes irreversibly. The controversy surrounding British sprinter Linford Christie and the British tabloid press in the mid nineties illustrates a crucial and heart breaking example of the media’s might in the area of self esteem. The British tabloid media’s antiquated cultural representations of black men cruelly and utterly robbed this tremendously gifted and hard working athlete of his moment of glory after winning the gold medal in the 1992 Olym
The concept of delegation empowers medical practitioners to provide timely, effective, and safe care to their patients. However, many registered nurses (RNs) fail to consider it as a core function of care delivery. This paper discusses why practicing RNs should appreciate the power of delegation. Nurses do not delegate their roles in their respective settings due to various reasons. Firstly, practitioners are usually involved in cases that require ongoing care and support (Yoon, Kim, & Shin, 2016). This means that such clinicians will not implement their delegation authority. Secondly, primary models of care force nurses to work independently and provide medical support to one patient at a time. Thirdly, health organizations lack enough nurse aids and assistants, thereby making delegation an impossible function (Tompkins, 2016). Fourthly, many units focus on the importance of team nursing whereby all practitioners collaborate to meet patients’ health needs. Finally, some health professionals treat delegation as a role of nurse leaders (NLs) only. Several recommendations are needed if more nurses are to appreciate delegation as an important liability. The first one is for medical organizations to hire more assistants and aids to complete various roles assigned to them. The second approach is establishing a culture that encourages RNs to pursue this function (Sayani, 2016). The third strategy is for practicing nurses to implement care delivery models that promote this concept. Finally, RNs can engage in lifelong learning to understand how delegation can meet the needs of patients and minimize costs. In conclusion, practicing nurses should consider the function of delegation and appreciate it. They can identify existing gaps and develop superior care models that promote this function. Health institutions should also recruit more nurse aides to meet patients’ needs.
There is no use denying the fact that the modern world faces a nagging problem connected with the environment and high tempos of the worsening of its state. Ecologists are worried by the current state of affairs, underlining the fact that industrial development of society leads to a significant increase in the threat to the environment. With this in mind, the primary objective of the given study is the deep analysis of the main environmental risks that the UAE faces and the creation of the appropriate risk assessment method in order to understand the nature of the threat. The main hypothesis of the paper is the idea that the oil extraction industry could be taken as the main source of environmental problems peculiar to the UAE. Under these conditions, the appearance of a great number of various environmental problems, connected with the blistering development of the UAE, seems quite logical. These problems are  1. Urbanization  2. Ballast water  3. Water supply  4. E-waste  5. Influence of the oil extraction industry The first obvious problem is the urbanization that could also be taken as the primordial problem that triggered the appearance of the rest of the problems. It should be said that several decades ago, these lands were not so populated because there were no perspectives for their development. Thus, the increase in the demand for oil led to the blistering extension of the region and worsening of the environment. The great level of urbanization of this territory nowadays is taken as one of the most important problems of the UAE. The problem is that the growth of cities leads to the appearance of a great number of various issues such as overpopulation, contamination of the atmosphere, water and soil, waste, the state of the health of the nation, and a great number of others. That is why urbanization could be taken as one of the important problems of the UAE. Another environmental issue, which has a chronic character, is the question of ballast water. Being one of the greatest producers of crude oil, the UAE also has the tendency towards the increase of the number of problems connected with the ballast water, which is used in the industry and then pollutes the environment. The state stimulates the development of the oil extraction industry, the problem should be solved in order to stop the deterioration of the state of the environment. The region where the UAE is situated traditionally has the problem of water supply. The problem is that the desert character of the lands and a few numbers of sources of freshwater influenced the way in which people settled and obtained the needed amount of water. Thus, nowadays, due to urbanization and desertification, this traditional pattern is destroyed. The population had doubled since 1960 when the development of the region started (Alderman 2010). However, traditional sources were not able to supply people with the needed amount of freshwater and, that is why some new sources were found. Nowadays, distillation is used to provide water for all people. However, the issue is still topical as the quality of distilled water remains doubtful