ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Having discussed the psychological aspects of support groups as a component of psychology, I decided to join a local bereavement support group. The bereavement support group that I joined was for mothers who had lost their children in the neighborhood. After organizing and going through the necessary steps, I was allowed into the group with the intention of learning and participating. The following is therefore an essay of the proceedings of a session in the group. The purpose of the meeting The group provided emotional support to mothers who had lost their children in the neighborhood and around the area. The meeting was one of the weekly sessions that they (mothers) have on the same. The assembly is based on the group model as suggested by Dr. Alan Wolfelt (2004) consisting of the six reconciliation needs of mourning. The group usually carries out seven sessions each of which runs for an hour as a support for a session of group therapy (Forsyth, 2014, p. 29). After an introduction to some of the members, most of them explained the reason for their presence. Therefore, I gave encouragements based on the biblical text that suited the occasion. I also proceeded to explain that I was a member of the Liberty Counseling Program and that I was undertaking my studies at the moment. Group Dynamics and Demographics The group took place at a local church. This venue was also a way of therapy according to my Christian faith since there is peace in the house of the lord (Forsyth, 2014, p. 31). The group also consisted of seven mothers, all of whom had lost their children in one way or the other. The other members in the meeting were the group leader and me. Strong feelings of trepidation were evident at the start of the group session. The group members appeared to have never been in another group counseling before this one, which is a characteristic to most members of group therapies (Jacobs, Masson, Harvill, & Schimmel, 2012, p. 13). The members also had traumatic losses of their children. This case was one of the complications that were demanding the group leader to be very knowledgeable and experienced. The group members seemed familiar with each other since they referred to each other using names. The new group members that had joined them for the first time were however welcomed accordingly to the group where they were made to feel like part of them. Some of the questions that rang in my mind include why God had allowed them to suffer, but I encouraged myself in that He has a reason for everything. After the group members had settled down, they took turns under the supervision of the leader to express their reasons for being in the group and the event leading to the loss of their children. As Forsyth states, the group leader should allow the group members to actively participate (2014, p. 29). I also participated in consoling the mothers and enthusiastically listening to them while providing advice where I could. The experiences of some of the m
The qualitative factors which shall be considered by the management are:   * Reliability of raw material supplier,   * Quality of the product which would be manufactured after further processing,   * Expected delays which the production of joint products will cause,   * Buyer’s acceptance of the product. The management of Taylor Chemical Company shall prefer net relative sales value method of accounting instead of physical weight method, because net relative sales value method uses the sales value of the total output to calculate allocation percentage for each of the joint product. Following table shows the effect of net sales value method on the gross profit margin and the joint cost allocated to each product:                                         D – 3    D – 7   SALES REVENUE                                                                                    240,000  100,000 JOINT COST ALLOCATION                                    D – 3: ( 101,000 X 240,000 / 340,000 )  142,588          D – 7: ( 101,000 X 100,000 / 340,000 )           59,412                                                           GROSS PROFIT                            97,412   40,588   The calculations shown above indicate a decrease in gross profit by AED 100,000 while switching from physical weight method to net sales value method. The net sales value method is the true representative of the situation, because it will provide more relevant data to the company, because through this method the percentage of the gross profit for every product will be same. Moreover, net sales value method of allocating joint costs is considered to be a very realistic way to deal with joint cost allocation, because it helps in allocating joint costs on the basis of the selling price each product is carrying. On the other hand, it has also been proved that it is not feasible for the company to process R2 further because the physical weight method does not show any increase in the gross profit after processing further R2. While the net sales value method shows that the further processing of R2 will result in a gross profit equal to AED 138,000, which is lower than the gross profit attainable after selling R2 as it is. Critiques and revision to the Taylor company’s analysis is as follows: The decision made by Taylor is correct because the further processing of R2 will result in no increase in the gross profit. Therefore, it is better for the Taylor Company to sell out R2 without further processing. But, the method chosen by the management of Taylor Company in finding out the costs associated with D3 and D7 is not representative of the situation and does not give equitable share to the products. The management should have used net sales value method in finding out the portions of joint cost attributable to each of the joint product because under net sales value method the joint costs are allocated on the basis of the selling prices of the products and thus prove to be more realistic. Moreover, if the proposed method could have been followed the sales value of each pro
When going over the video “Heat” it revealed the problems that are currently surrounding the use of fossil fuels as an energy source. The video showed that the inherent issue in utilizing fossil fuel-burning power plants is the resulting carbon dioxide waste that gets expelled into the atmosphere. It must be noted that increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere especially in areas where there are few natural ways for the resulting gases to be absorbed results in a significant accumulation in the air for quite some time which has the potential to cause various respiratory diseases. China, which possesses one of the world’s most extensive power grids, which utilizes dozens of fossil fuel-burning power plants has seen a rise in respiratory diseases as the amount of smog in the air continues to accumulate. Based on current estimates of the amount of energy needed by the country within the next 5 to 10 years or so, it can be expected that the number of carbon emissions in the atmosphere will increase as a result of the country compensates for this need by creating more fossil fuel-burning power plants. In terms of the number of pollutants released into the atmosphere both solar and wind turbine facilities have next to no carbon footprint due to the fact they do not produce any CO2 emissions. It is due to this that they would be a far better means of energy production as compared to utilizing fossil fuels.
Rapid development of the World Wide Web and telecommunications has introduced tangible shifts in communication. Nowadays people all over the world have much greater opportunities for exchanging information and sharing their opinions on political, cultural, and social situation. Specific attention should be given to the transition from personal, face-to-face communication to interpersonal and open communication via online channels and by mobile communication systems. With regard to the above discussion, the writers Balouris, Shriver, and Sisario dedicate their articles to discussing the impact of social media development on shaping new forms of communication. Their claims are specifically premised on the currently released song Call Me, Maybe? by Carley Ray Jepsen. The song content relates to the changing patterns in social interaction. Balouris (2012), representing the Leadership Academic Blog, focuses on the importance of interpersonal communication, as well as how it is impacted by the emergence of mobile communication and social media. In particular, the author refers to such issues as appearance of a new generation whose communication will be dominated by social media. Although Balouris (2012) does not criticize social media development, the author still notes, “some many things – tone of voice, facial expression, body language – are lost when conversation happen through a computer screen or phone screen” (n. p.). Despite the loss of traditional distribution channels of information, the innovative techniques integrated by social media still have a positive impact on communication. This is of particular concern to development of online networks connecting people all over the world. To prove the evident benefits of social media, Balouris (2012) provides persuasive statistics on constantly increasing percentage of users on Facebook ad Twitter. The new communication channels, therefore, have “…incredible power to make and shape the news and public opinion” (Balouris, 2012). Apart from social dimension, the newly emerged online channels contribute to the development of political thoughts that provide various political campaigns all over the world. Similar to Balouris (2012), Shriver (2010) does not confine to the discussion of Jepsen’s popular song and refers to other interesting contexts associated with it. In particular, the writer connects the issue of telecommunication with successful techniques that can be used while speaking with clients by phone. The major recommendations are associated with note taking, anticipating, and pleasing the client. Telephone communication, therefore, is a new branch of science introducing efficient techniques for obtaining, sharing, and exc
Introduction Sex education in schools remains to be a controversial topic as various members of the community debate over its appropriateness. In theory, sex education aims at assisting children and youth in developing a positive view of their sexuality and gaining knowledge and skills that can help them to take care of their sexual health (Kirby 53). Hillier and Mitchell reveal that the contention around the issue arises as communities grapple over who should teach students about sex and how this learning should take place (211). Its opponents express concern that comprehensive sex education may encourage pupils to become sexually active due to the exposure. Proponents of sex education, on the other hand, see factual knowledge about sex, contraception, and STIs as effective in delaying sexual initiation and reducing STIs. With these divergent views of sex education in mind, this paper will set out to highlight the pros and cons of sex education in school. The paper will authoritatively demonstrate that the merits of sex education outweigh its demerits. Merits of Sex Education The spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases in young people is mainly attributed to low rates of contraceptive use and the lack of information on safe sex practices. Juping reveals that school-based sex education has been documented to have some positive impact on knowledge of methods to prevent STIs and skills in using condoms by youths (188). This revelation is corroborated by Hillier and Mitchell who acknowledge that prioritizing of sex education in Australia as a proactive response to the HIV pandemic has resulted in great success in deterring the spread of HIV (212). Sex education is therefore advantageous since youths who have it are less prone to HIV infection since they have the necessary information and skills to protect themselves. Sex education offers practical knowledge such as how to use a condom and how to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Kohler, Manhart, and Yu Lafferty carried out a comparative study on the sexual health risks of youths who had received sex education with those who received no formal sex education (344). The study revealed that while there was no significant reduction in the incidences of STIs in both groups, comprehensive sex education significantly correlated with fewer pregnancies. This is because sex education gives the youth the necessary skills on contraceptive use hence resulting in safe sex. Sex education is structured in such a manner that it delivers factual information without instilling any moral values or judgments. A study by Vuttanont et al. on the sex education needs of teenagers in Thailand revealed that teenagers sought information on sex that was clear, non-judgmental and non-prescriptive (2078). Such information is unlikely to come from traditional sources such as the family or religious organization. Sex education, therefore, gives the youth valuable and unbiased information which can be used to make complex choices regarding sex in the real world. Sex education is essential for young people who come from cultures or families where the topic of
The advancement in technology has greatly changed the manner in which businesses are conducted in the 21 st century. For instance, the improvement in infrastructure has necessitated efficiency in communications as well as the transport sector. Consequently, this has facilitated the expansion of businesses globally. On the other hand, the globalization of businesses has called for formulation of international trade regulations to help in the management of international trade. For this reason, the existence of International business laws is imperative as international trade encounters various challenges that result from the diverse business cultures, varied legal environments as well as foreign languages. Thus, any firm that intends to venture into international trade or engage in any form of cross border trade should ensure that it has a very clear contract to safeguard the investors’ money. For example, a company that engages in selling goods and aspiring to engage in cross border trade is mainly required to focus on responsibilities involving delivery. This is often established using international recognized Incoterms. In addition, there are other legal issues that such a company needs to look into. For instance, as a legal advisor in a company manufacturing vacuum cleaners in USA that is interested in venturing into business in Thailand, I would ensure that I negotiate appropriate terms and provisions in the contract in order to guarantee that the interests of the directors are addressed. To start with, I would ensure that the company gets an appropriate contract. I would also make sure that the company adapts the Incoterms terms of trading which are a recognized set of trading terms that are often employed in contracts of deliveries. The key issues that I would consider in the contract would include: specifying that the company will only supply vacuum cleaners in Thailand and also take note of any legal or technical rules that the product requires comply with. Similarly, I would also ensure that the contract clearly denotes the price at which the Thailand government will be buying the vacuum cleaners at and also indicate the currency that will be used in the buying process as well as the rate of exchange. The contract should also state clearly the payment method/s that will be used. The method of delivery should also be stipulated in the contract. In the case of the trading terms, I should ensure that I engage Incoterms to specify the party that will be responsible for the shipping costs, duties in addition to customer-related formalities. This is because Incoterm is a famous body that is highly experienced in this process. The contract should indicate the bearer of the risks as well as the risks involved at every stage of the entire process. This is because it is of great essence to indicate the party that should cater for the insurance charges in case of any damages. I would also ensure that the contract clearly indicates the protocols that should be followed in case the mistake of one party makes the other to incur any losses
Recent developments in technology have helped people communicate more conveniently. The smartphone, for example, has many great features. You can call, send pictures, post comments on social media and send text messages. Texting, in particular, is extremely popular, especially with young people. However, like many things, if overdone or misused, texting can be harmful. The most obvious problem is texting and driving, of course. There are also social situations and venues that make it inappropriate for texting. However, many young people deny labeling their actions as unacceptable (Tulane and Beckert 379). When young people become so dependent on their phones, texting interferes and takes away from closeness in relations. Reid Goldsborough, a scholar on information technology, states, “Media is causing more distance in relationships. Over-reliance on texting has a deleterious effect on social development.” (73). For instance, in social gatherings, aren’t their moments you realize that people are more interested in their smartphone than talking with you? It is very irksome. This supports the belief that texting limits direct and intimate connection with others, influencing negatively on social development (Ling and McEwan 13). Dr. R. Vitelli, a psychologist who has studied the effects of texting, reports that when young people receive a text, they feel stressed when they cannot respond. Perhaps, they are in class or at formal gatherings. The urge to pick up their phone or text back is so high that it creates a socio-ethical dilemma; should they ignore the text or risk acting inappropriately? Many young people have also reported feeling disconnected when they are cut off from their cell phones, even for relatively brief periods” (Vitelli 1). It is therefore not surprising that most countries have sanctioned laws limiting the use of mobile phones while driving and institutions of learning demand that all cell phones be switched off during classes and other school events. Some researchers claim that texting and social media use can even cause emotional problems and alter how young people feel about themselves. A recent research study done by Washington University in Virginia found, text messaging in itself could exacerbate the effects of interpersonal strain due to the energy and time demanded by a r
Introduction Marriage is one of the significant institutions around the world including UK which connects the citizens together, offers long-run stability and commitment, and makes the society robust. Thus, marriage should be available to everyone including the same genders. Since 1836 in the UK, the marriage has been a civil institution as well as a religious one. The UK government acknowledges analogues rights in all aspects of civil life and cannot excuse precluding its citizens from marrying except for cases when there are some good reasons for doing so, being a lesbian or gay is not one of them. In recent days, there has been a wide scale political campaign which consists in legal recognition of same-sex families and partnerships in Western nations due to wider cultural development. As per Wintemute and Andenoes (2000), the main debate remains as to whether legal acknowledgement should take the guise of civil marriage privileges or access to civil union schemes which has been regarded as a highly discordant subject in most of the gay-rights movement. As per Heaphy (2007), only some selected nations have accorded recognition for the same-sex partners to enter into marriage wedlock as in Spain, Belgium, Canada and the Netherlands. (Klesse 66). This research essay will analyse in depth the proposed UK legislation to recognise gay marriages as civil marriages and to allow them to be performed in the religious places, its advantages and the criticism levelled against same. Gay Marriage in UK – An Analysis The state of Massachusetts in thr USA is the first state, which recognised the gay marriage legally. As per Gallup (2004), though there has been a steep increase in the numbers of individuals who support that gay marriage should be legally recognised, a referendum conducted in May 2004 demonstrated that the majority of US citizens about 55% were against it (Giddens & Griffiths 436). Nowadays, homosexuality has been acknowledged in more nations as part of their everyday life. Many nations have enacted laws to safeguard the rights of homosexuals. South Africa is the only nation in the globe that constitutionally guarantees the rights of homosexuals through its constitution which adopted a new constitution in 1996. Many nations in Europe like Spain, the Netherlands and Denmark now authorise homosexual partners to register with the government for claiming most of rights of gay marriages (Giddens & Griffiths 436). In the UK, there was legislation which accorded recognition to same-sex relationships before the introduction of UK Civil Partnerships Act (CPA) 2004, which came into force in December of the year 2005. As per Glennon (2006), the CPA now offers a set of privileges that are analogues to those of legal marriages. As per Barker (2004), CPA is meant to support and promote stable partnerships and to ach
Abstract The criminal justice system in the United States plays a critical role in ensuring that there is rule of law in the country. The correctional facilities are designed to ensure that those who break the law are transformed into people who can fit into the social system. The study looks at the United States prison system and the primary challenges it faces. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Corrections, according to Shipley and Arrigo (2012, p. 78), is “a term describing a variety of functions typically carried out by government agencies, and involving the punishment, treatment, and supervision of persons who have been convicted of crimes.” The term can also be used in the field of academics to refer to the study of programs, policies, and theories that are related to the practice of corrections (Mallicoat & Ireland, 2014). In the United States, corrections form part of the major components of the criminal justice system. When criminals are arrested, taken through the court system, and proven to be guilty, they are handed over to the correction system. The correction system is responsible for the imprisonment of the people, their parole, or probation. As the name suggests, the primary goal of the correctional system is to transform the prisoners so that they can become better persons who can be integrated back to society after serving their term. In most of the cases, people often consider prisons as facilities meant to mete out punishment to those who are proven guilty and given jail terms by the courts. Lack of some of the freedoms and rights enjoyed by other citizens out of correctional facilities is the main reason why many p