ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The world has seen a steady growth of obesity cases and concomitant severe health conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes, in recent years. It is estimated that obesity will affect one in five individuals worldwide by 2025 (Koliaki, Liatis, Kokkinos, 2018). The urgent nature of the health epidemic calls for increased attention to attempt to mitigate and prevent the complications. An effective way to tackle the issue at hand is to implement technological advances to encourage at-risk and affected groups to adopt appropriate lifestyle modifications, such as nutrition and exercise. Obesity-Related Conditions Being overweight and obese is associated with a broad spectrum of morbid health conditions. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that obesity is directly linked to a plethora of cardiovascular diseases, including but not limited to coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, and sudden cardiac death (Koliaki, Liatis, Kokkinos, 2018). Moreover, adiposity is also a notable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), with more than 80% of T2D patients having excess body weight (Bhupathiraju & Hu, 2016). Being overweight and obese also accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis (Koliaki, Liatis, Kokkinos, 2018). The preponderance of the evidence demonstrates that abnormally high weight poses a significant threat to the health of the population. Lifestyle Modifications One way to approach this growing issue is to adopt lifestyle behaviors to regulate body weight. Diet is an essential factor that can potentially reduce the risk of developing non-communicable diseases as it directly affects risk factors, such as blood pressure and high fasting glucose (Bhupathiraju & Hu, 2016). However, a more effective strategy involves a comprehensive lifestyle adjustment, namely combining dietary modifications with physical activity. If a patient has already developed a cardiac condition, a balanced diet and a structured exercise regimen would yield more results as opposed to solely limiting calorie intake (Koliaki, Liatis, Kokkinos, 2018). In addition to being a way to treat adiposity, the combination of moderate physical exercise and a reduced calorie intake diet also play a role in preventing obesity-related conditions (Jakicic, Rogers, Davis, et al., 2017). Essentially, diet modification alone would be less effective as opposed to both nutrition management and regular physical exercise. Technology Usage to Improve Healthcare All of the benefits of lifestyle adjustment mentioned above can also be enhanced by employing technological advances. The preponderance of evidence suggests that technological interventions, such as wearable self-monitoring an
Introduction Initially, hotels used to depend on paperwork and cards at the customer care desk to communicate with their current and potential customers. They relied on those customers who would physically visit their information desk. However, with information technology advancement, those inconveniences are long gone. Use of Information technology has fully transformed hospitality industry where different hospitality industry services can now be offered online. According to Varol and Tarcan (2009), information technology is a strategic tool that can be used in the hotel industry to improve quality of the services offered (p.115). Customers do not need to visit hotels physically as they used to do some years ago to seek more information about services offered. Technology in hospitality industry Billing One of the areas in hospitality industry that have benefited from advancement in information technology is billing. Traditionally, hotels utilized paper-based bookkeeping. This system was inefficient and time consuming and the owners of the hotels could not easily know the position of the business. Advanced technology brought modern bookkeeping, which has enabled hotel owners to follow the records of the business so easily. Hotel owners are now in a position to know what they need, what the businesses have and the costs of each transaction undertaken in the process of business. Advanced software for accounting, which is made to suite the specific hospitality industry needs have made it easy for hotel owners to manage their businesses effectively. Law, Leung & Buhalis (2009) note, information technology will help to reduce operational costs in the hospitality industry (p.599). Through this modern system, products and services that are not performing well in the market are removed and the quantity of those performing well increased. Booking Some years in the past, hotel booking and reservations were done over the phone where customers would place their order through the booking office. Information technology advancement has enabled hotel booking to go beyond that level. Nowadays, hotels are working with travel and booking agencies, which offer online booking services. Online travel agencies help hotels to advertise their services to people who need them without wasting money to advertise to the people who are not interested. Information management is enabling hotels to maximize their bookings since online advertisement can reach more potential customers who are far from the physical location of the hotel. This information is also used to show the trend of the business assisting managers to plan when they can undertake strategic plans such as renovation. Wireless Internet Many hotels nowadays have installed wireless internet servers to help their customers to keep in touch with their fa
Abstract Apple and Samsung have achieved high levels of business success over the years. However, both companies have pursued different strategies to achieve their success. This paper compares the business strategies of both companies and reveals that their production, human resource and marketing strategies are inherently similar. However, within these similarities, both companies have different corporate cultures, which differentiate the companies’ ideals. This paper proposes that Samsung should re-evaluate its business strategies to be in tandem with the needs of today’s technological world by focusing on the software market. In addition, this paper proposes that Samsung should redirect its resources to focus on new and emerging markets as opposed to battling for the developed markets. Finally, this paper also proposes that Samsung should direct more company resources to the home appliance market, which is its area of key competence. Apple’s strategies are perceived to be largely successful. Introduction “If you don’t know where you are going, you will likely end up somewhere else” (Chris, 2008, p. 1). The above statement was made in reference to the direction pursued by chief executive officers (CEOs) when pursuing different company strategies. This statement has a strong implication in businesses because the tactics and methods used by businesses in undertaking their daily business operations define the future direction of their fate. Usually, experts explain that an efficient and effective business strategy is the most appropriate type of business strategy for a company (Chris, 2008, p. 1). The influence of a company’s business strategy spans across different sectors of a business’s competence areas such as customer retention and resource allocation. A company’s business strategy therefore determines a company’s long-term health. Establishing a company’s business strategy has a positive effect on realizing a company’s strategic goals. Chris (2008) emphasizes that business owners have to take time to pinpoint their business strategies to guarantee their overall success. In support of this fact, he explains that, “If that’s the case, business strategy and strategic planning are essential to achieving your goal, and no business can possibly head forward over the long term without some form of strategic planning and decision making” (Chris, 2008, p. 5). However, the concept and importance of business strategy is ambiguous and vaguely understood (partly because of a clear misunderstanding of the concept and partly because of the extensive depth and multifaceted understandings that characterize business strategies). Nonetheless, most companies have a business strategy. Some companies have simple business strategies while others have complex and multiple business strategies. Giant multinationals are known to have multiple busin
What help did the student request? Assisting the student in understanding the task and locating the resources that can be used to handle it are some of the basic responsibilities of a teacher. In a case in point, a student clearly has difficulties with the instructions for the assignment. According to the information represented in the scenario, the learner is incapable of locating the video that she must watch in order to complete the task. Furthermore, the learner has difficulties retrieving the referencing material. Why do you think the student is seeking assistance? The student is clearly seeking assistance because she needs further clarification about the task. To be more accurate, the learner needs to locate the video that she will have to use as the basis for her response. You will need to clarify if the student has made a start on her research task. However, it should be noted that the learner has already started doing her research. Specifically, she managed to write the second part of the assignment, i.e., 300 words of The Lost . However, she has clearly had problems with The Search and The Found sections. What sources has she used? As far as the sources issue is concerned, as stressed above, the main concern about the assignment was that there was little to no data on The Search and The Found sections. In other words, the student has been having issues with not only retrieving the instructions but also determining the resources that could be useful in writing the task. Therefore, she needs further guidance to identify the required information; however, the student seems to be very independent in her studies, which means that she will not require consistent supervision in order to handle the writing process. To watch the video, the student may need to revisit the instructions. Additionally, the learner may need to check the software used to watch the video since there might be an issue with the digital tools used to process the data. Particularly, the student might want to check the software for updates and for the codec packs that may help view the short movie required to complete the task. Advise the student of other available resources to extend her research The problem concerning the identificatio
Not All Companies Are Viewed As Equal Reynolds American is a United States tobacco company with headquarters in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The public tobacco company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange Market. Reynolds American makes a profit of US$ 4.2 billion per financial year and holds a total of 42% of the United States market share. Tobacco production is the leading agricultural activity in Carolina. The Reynolds American is one of the companies that the consumers view to be more equal than other companies in the land of free trade. The Reynolds American Company is consumer defensive, and its management team believes that the consumers are unfairly targeting the company. As a consumer, I find it unethical to allow the Reynolds American tobacco company to operate at the expense of consumers’ health (Saloojee & Dagli, 2000). The tobacco industry in the United States brings revenue of 44.5$ million per financial year in the total federal government revenue. The nicotine in tobacco has a devastating effect on the lives of the consumers, although the economic benefits of the tobacco industry are many. The Reynolds American has countless campaigns and bills in favor of the tobacco business. The campaigns and bills do not involve the consumers’ views on the health implications after consumption of the final products. According to Saloojee and Dagli (2000), the Reynolds American Company has an ethical obligation of protecting the people and consumers of tobacco by implementing policies that favor anti-tobacco campaigns. The Department of Health and Human Services steers the anti-tobacco campaigns through mandating the tobacco companies in educating the consumers on the dangers of smoking tobacco (Saloojee & Dagli, 2000). The anti-tobacco campaigns are facing setbacks due to the advertisement clause that protects personal attack on the tobacco companies. The tobacco companies have the legal rights of penalizing the anti-tobacco campaign groups that violate the advertisement clause. The advertisement clause makes tobacco companies more equal than other companies. The tobacco companies have the right to run controversial adverts on the major television networks (Saloojee & Dagli, 2000). According to McMahon (2012), the senior executives of large companies have an enormous role to play in shaping the final decisions in the modern capitalistic society. The major corporate companies are privately owned, but the decision-making process does not focus on the public good. The decision-making aims at profit-making in the competitive market and also promoting social prosperity. The Reynolds American operational policies a
Introduction The basic strategies of police workers are inherently connected with local citizens and have a diverse nature. This study examines the issue of police officers’ general acceptance of tactics and principles of broken windows and community problem-solving policing. It is crucial for evaluating diverse support for each police officer’s characteristics, including ethnical, gender, educational, and assignment factors. The analysis of this study contributes to assessing the critical concepts of the broken windows perspective, as well as the essential community problem-solving linkage to the police and citizens. Theoretical/ Conceptual Development The theoretical approach requires the gradual passage from the definition of the issue to the detailed examination of its core points. According to Jenkins (2015), the researchers unevenly distinguish between community policing, broken windows policing (BWP), and problem-solving, although these concepts tend to be implemented coupled with each other. Thus, community policing and problem-solving policing form the essence of community problem-solving policing with the BWP as the crucial factor. After the rapid growth of crime and reassessment of the police profession in the 1960s, the community problem-solving aspects were progressively enacted. Three mentioned concepts are regarded as “three main movements characterizing this era” (Jenkins, 2015, p. 222). Based on Welsh, Braga, and Bruinsma’s (2015) research, there is little evidence that handling the disorder decreases fear of crime or increases community controls. Despite the theoretical mechanisms, the overall idea o
In his memoir The Horrors of a Slave Ship , Olaudah Equiano narrates his experiences following one fateful day when he was captured and marked for slavery. The overarching theme is the terror and fright experienced by bound people during their transportation to work for their masters. Specifically, the sources of Olaudah’s misery included separation from his family, culture shock, starvation, torture, loss of freedom and identity, trafficking, and being treated as second-class citizens. Reading through the biography, an individual cannot help but sympathize with the slaves whose atrocities were so humiliating to the point that they craved an opportunity to commit suicide. The objective of this paper is to discuss and review Olaudah’s article focusing on his key arguments and subject matter. The transition
Introduction This theory is also referred to as instrumental conditioning or Skinnerian conditioning theory. This theory was coined by B.F. Skinner. Skinner was a behaviorist from Harvard. He proposed this theory in the twentieth century. This theory was however, based on the law of effect by Thorndike (Linskie 2005). To study behavior, Skinner had to conduct scientific experiments in laboratories. Rats were used as specimens in his experiments. They would be placed in a box known as the Skinner box. Both Skinner and Thorndike used boxes in their studies. Thorndike’s box was known as the puzzle box (Leonard 2002). In order to study behavior effectively, the behaviorist’s had to make certain assumptions. Behaviorist believed psychology is a science, and as such, to study psychology, it would involve use of experiments. Behaviorists also believed that behavior can only be observed. They also believed that learning is similar in both humans and animals. Operant conditioning is a learning model through which people are rewarded or punished for their behavior. This means that for every behavior, there is a consequence. The theory attempts to change behavior by using either reinforcement or punishment. After conducting thorough research, Skinner came up with three types of responses that he observed from his experiments (Linskie 2005). Punishers This can be described as responses that discourage behavior from being repeated. This will help kill behavior. Reinforcement These are events that encourage behavior to be repeated. Reinforcement according to Skinner can either be positive or negative. Neutral operant These responses seem not to encourage or discourage behavior. Positive and negative reinforcement Reinforcement is that event that seeks to encourage the occurrence of a behavior. Reinforcement is said to strengthen behavior. To study reinforcement, Skinner used rats and the Skinner box. The cage had a lever. Whenever the rat touched the lever, a food pellet would drop (Linskie 2005). Within no time the rat had learnt that by touching the lever, it would be able to get food. In another study, a rat would be placed in a Skinner box. In this case an electric current was introduced in the box. This was supposed to cause discomfort to the rat. As the rat ran in the box, it would touch a lever that would switch off the electric current. After repeating the experiment severally, Skinner noted that immediately the rat was placed in the box it would go straight to the lever and touch it (Leonard 2002). Positive reinforcement This seeks to encourage the occurrence of a behavior or trait. For each behavior, there is a consequence. A good example is when a parent promises his or her child money if they got good grades. The child is likely to perform better by working hard to get good grades. Negative reinforcement Unpleasant consequences or events can also help strengthen behavior. Unlike positive reinforcement where actions are rewarded here the vice versa happens. A good example is when a parent agree
Nursing professionals everywhere have long struggled with ethical and legal challenges in patient care, with available literature showing that nurses today are bound to uphold the foundational moral virtues, duties and principles central to the profession while at the same time ensuring all legal obligations are met (Ulrich et al., 2010). However, as demonstrated by the following example involving own experience in the ER, some situations call for nursing professionals to assume unethical positions that are largely legal. The experience in question involved a 26-year old male, who was rushed to the ER suffering from multiple gunshot wounds. He was accompanied by his wife and other family members, who provided background information on the events leading to the shooting as well as the patient’s medical history. Although the patient was losing a lot of blood due to his injuries, he was nevertheless conscious during the initial stages and even provided consent for the commencement of various medical interventions to save his life. However, the patient and family members were categorical that no blood transfusion was to be initiated as such an intervention was against their religious and cultural beliefs. Any blood given to the patient was to come from family members and not the ER’s blood bank, implying that the family had to undergo several tests to determine congruity of blood group. The patient died of excessive bleeding as tests were been done on family members. In this example, the decision to respect the wishes of the patient and family members in any treatment plan is largely provided for in law. However, such a legally binding decision forced the ER team to desist from taking steps to improve the outcome of the patient (beneficence), leading to the patient’s death (Ulrich et al., 2010). The controversial public healthcare issue discussed in this section relates to section 2713 of the Public Health Services Act under the Affordable Care Act, which centers on contraception and calls for health plans to cover birth control and other services with no extra cost-sharing for enrollees (Diamond, 2013). While this is a noble healthcare objective, critics argue that the section
Abstract The aim of this research study is to establish how the principles of ethics and sustainability can be applied in the fashion industry. The research is a case study of Carmina Campus, which is a renowned fashion company that uses the ethical fashion business model to incorporate the principles of ethics and sustainability in its operations. We investigated the company’s operations and business processes to understand how it incorporated these principles into its business strategy. Using a triangulation technique, we sought data from three sources – historical data, key informants, and personal observation. Using semi-structured questionnaires, we gathered the views of 50 respondents who worked in the company. We also interviewed some of them to understand the company’s pricing, distribution, and market strategies. Our key informants said they had confidence in the company’s sustainable and ethical business practices. They also showed that the company’s success was underpinned by a strong focus on ethical business. After merging these views with secondary data findings, we found that part of Carmina Campus’s success hinged on the company’s leadership, spearheaded by its founder, Ilaria Venturini Fendi, who provides direction for the enterprise. We also found that Carmina Campus’s business strategy exemplifies the three pillars of sustainability – environmental sustainability, social sustainability, and economic sustainability. It also focuses on recycling as a core business practice. Comprehensively, the business has proven that fashion companies can embrace the concept of ethical fashion without compromising any other aspect of their operations. Findings and Analysis Findings As mentioned in the methodology section, we used the triangulation technique to gather relevant data to meet our research objective – to establish how the principles of ethics and sustainability could be successfully applied in the fashion industry. Our triangulation technique incorporated the collection of research information from historical data, key informants, and personal observation. In this chapter, these three sources of research data are highlighted as survey findings (key informants), interview findings (personal observation), and historical data findings. The information we obtained from these three sources of information appears below. Survey Findings The researcher carried out the survey through self-administered questionnaires sent to 50 key informants who worked at Carmina Campus. The questionnaire contained instruments for rating the respondents’ views regarding the sustainability practices of Carmina C