ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
How are trucking companies trying to attract new drivers? Trucking drivers are trying to attract more drivers by holding meetings in places such as barbershops where men generally are to be found. They use excellent argument such as point out that truck drivers can earn about 19$/ hour and also see the world. They try to make it look as an attractive and tough proposition. People from minority groups such as Hispanics are approached since these groups have lesser jobs and are willing to work hard. They also attempt canvassing in cities and holding jobs fairs and also offer attractive options such as 401(k), stock options and healthcare packages along with cash bonus and prizes to drivers who refer viable candidates. This is in line with what Maslow (1943) speaks about motivation levels and the hierarchy of needs where people try to meet their basic needs and then move up the hierarchy level. How are trucking companies trying to retain employees? Trucking companies are very keen on retaining existing employees who may join other professions such as construction or even join other trucking companies. They have begun outfitting more of their cabs with satellite radio, television and introducing policies to allow drivers to bring pets and spouses on the road. They are also reducing the maximum hours of continuous driving to 11 per day and ensure that truckers get enough sleep. There are also plans to see that truckers spend at least 17 weeks at home with their families. There are also plans to bring the salary at par with other blue-collar professions. Trucking companies also have chaplains to check drivers morale and hold driver recognition days every few months with Elvis impersonators, barbeque and raffle tickets for motorcycles and vacations. They also encourage husband wife teams. Union truck drivers earn about 60000$ annually while others earn about 34920 $ per annum and as suggested by Doherty (1997), unions have collective bargaining power and can negotiate much higher wages and other benefits than workers who are not unionized. What are the advantages of husband and wife driving teams? Husband and wife team has many advantages as this way, the spouses are not separated for long period of time during a long haul. When both work, they stand to earn more than 100000USD per annum and this is a sizeable amount. Also it has been observed that women drivers have fewer tendencies to hop jobs and pay more attention to dispatcher’s instructi
I learned a lot in the framework of the issue of homeless veterans. I figured out that in various US cities, homeless veterans are invited to special meetings so that charitable organizations take these people under their patronage – they begin to look for work and temporary housing until they get on their feet. But one does not have to go to special events to meet homeless ex-military personnel. They can be seen in the center of almost every American city. Among the primary problems, there is the absence of programs for the rapid adaptation of servicemen to a peaceful life (Oster et al., 2017). Many veterans use alcohol and/or drugs in moderation after returning from war. However, in many cases, organizations only begin to lend a helping hand to them in cases when this addiction starts to be chronic. A person often returns from a war substantially changed. His or her closest ones cannot recognize them. It should be noted that the likelihood of family collapse is considerably higher than of any other non-Veteran family. Another reason is the lack of affordable housing; in this vein, a paradoxical situation has long been observed. The authorities are enthusiastic within the scope of providing help to the poor, immigrants, and people with disabilities. Nevertheless, a veteran is not a priority candidate for an apartment – sometimes he or she gets refusal because of their military background. Even if a veteran, after leaving the army, leads the life of a law-abiding citizen, he still remains at risk. It must be remembered that no one leaves the US Army healthy. But getting medical care for veterans is so problematic that hundreds of them die in queues to see specialist doctors (Weber et al., 2017). In addition, it is important to note that many of the problems of American veterans begin with the fact that the state does not spoil its defenders with money too much. They receive pensions by American standards, more than modest. This leads to the fact that the former military often joins the ranks of the criminals and quickly ends up in prisons (Blue-Howells et al., 2018). There has been a number of challenges during the process that I had to address. First, it was a considerable amount of reliable investigations on the issue through the theoretical lens. Hence, I had to get acquainted with many materials related to the topic. This process was tim
Introduction Written by Plato, the famous philosopher, Meno is the title of a dialogue between two characters, Meno and Socrates. Virtue is the subject matter of the conversation. Meno begins the talk by posing a question to Socrates of whether a virtue can be acquired. This is not the only question Meno asks but in all the cases, he fails to begin by defining the basis of his questions. For instance, he cannot begin by addressing the key term, virtue. This is what Socrates wants to know first and in turn, he poses the question back to Meno. This, among other reasons, explains why Socrates does not respond directly to Meno’s question about how virtue is acquired. Why? Commencing the conversation with a general, rather than a specific question induces nervousness to Socrates. Any standard person in such a situation can be interested in knowing why the question is open and not specific. It can be mistaken for a trick of capturing the mind of a person. Socrates is concerned with the idea behind the question. That Meno does not explain his motives preceding it makes Socrates return it to him. Socrates now becomes the interviewer and not the reverse. Their difference forces Socrates to suggest that they address the issue of virtue but differently from how Meno wants it. He dances into this tune. He claims that a virtue is a variable that relies much on gender, age, literacy, among other factors. Citing an example of men, who ought to lead their families providing the basic requirements and women taking care of the head and the children, Socrates rejects it. He posits that there should be a virtue portrayed by all people regardless of the aforementioned factors. The question goes back to Meno when he is required to identify this virtue. It is noticeable that Socrates does not suggest a comment on whether Meno’s claims were true. Socrates’ rejection of the notion that virtues are dependent variables tempts Meno to conclude that all people possess similar virtues. He provides the illustration of their capacity to lead claiming that this prevails among all people no matter their differences. Socrates views it as too general saying that it is not leading that matters but the way it is done. He throws the question back demanding to know whether leading well is common in relation to captives and the liberated people. He declares him as one led by many instead of one, or else too open rather than specific which is his area of interest. Sticking to the subject of virtue, Meno introduces a third party, Gorgias, though not live in the discussion, which is conversant with the field of virtues. He demands to know from Socrates how Gorgias treated a virtue. Socrates claims to have forgotten but when he asks him whether he knew it, Meno said he did, only for
Introduction Leadership is one of the most important concepts to take into account as effective leadership means successful development of the organization. DeRue and Wellman (2009) note that around 45% of the funds used for training and learning are spent on leadership skills development. There are various approaches to leadership. For instance, some think that leaders are born and it is impossible to become an effective leader, but recent research shows that leadership skills can be developed (Prewitt, Weil & McClure, 2011). Of course, people who have certain traits are more likely to be leaders than others. However, it is necessary to note that these traits can be found in many people. More so, there are certain skills (which can be developed) that help an individual to be an efficient leader. To develop efficient leadership skills, it is first necessary to define what leadership is. Thus, Prewitt et al. (2011) argue that leaders have to be able to influence other people and inspire them. They should also have a vision and be able to communicate it to others. Bisland (2004) notes that leaders are those who lead and are eager to contribute. Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland (2013) state that an effective leader should be adaptive. I can state that I possess the traits of a leader though I may lack some skills to be an effective leader. Researchers identify a number of leadership skills that are crucial for efficient leadership. Literature Review It is possible to define major skills that make an effective leader. Prewitt et al. (2011, p. 15) notes that leaders should have the following ‘competencies’: creativity and a focus on innovation, proper change management skills, communication skills as well as “a holistic understanding of the organization and its internal and external environments”. There are various tools to develop these competencies. Schoemaker et al. (2013) identify six major skills that make an efficient leader. These are a skill to anticipate, challenge, interpret, decide, align and learn. The researchers provide particular strategies that can help people develop these skills. To be able to anticipate, the leader should implement numerous researches, attend various conferences, training sessions and communicate with employees, partners and so on. To challenge means to try to see the cause of the problem, to facilitate debate and to have “naysayers” around (Schoemaker et al., 2013, p. 3). To develop ability to interpret, the leader has to implement research to find missing information, to look at the issue from different angles and it is also beneficial to distract oneself for a while. To decide, the leader should consider long- and short-term outcomes, divide the decision into smaller bits, to make “staged commitments” (Schoemaker et al., 2013, p. 4). Being able to align is closely associated with being able to communicate effectively. To develop this skill, the leader should be able to identify all stakeholders involved, listen to all effectively, iden
The beginning of 2009… The days at the end of January and the beginning of February in Australia were rather hot, around 40-45o above zero. The conditions were not stable enough; this is why CFA did not hurry up to inform people about possible danger. The results of such neglect were terrible: on Saturday 5 February, they reached its high points, to 46o, and more than 64 km north to Melbourne were on fire. The Black Saturday bushfires were probably one of the most known accidents of 2009. Those series of bushfires took so many lives away, lots of people got numerous injuries, and total damage was hard to inspect. People were not ready to such a tragedy that is caused by rather unclear reasons; it became crucially important to find out who’s the blame was, and how it was possible to help and support people. The Black Saturday was a terrible day; that natural disaster took the lives of 173 people and unidentified number of animals. To my mind, the representatives of CFA are the ones who are responsible for such a huge number of losses and deaths caused by Bushfires: they did not take into consideration the possibility of the threat and did not analyze how dangerous fire spreading may be, and finally, they did not even try to use their relations and connections to prevent fires and save people’s lives; however, the Australian continent is o
Introduction Autism is a common health problem in children. Achieving early diagnosis is still a challenge leading to delayed treatment. Many scholars have tried to establish clinical manifestations of the disorder to help in the making of early diagnoses. Rozenkrantz et al. (2015) conducted a research study that explored the link between this disease and olfaction in young children, which can assist clinicians to make early diagnoses. The findings of this study that is published in the Current Biology show that conducting a sniff test alone can detect not only the presence but also the severity of autism in young children. Summary of the Journal Article The study aimed at exploring the association between olfaction and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Researchers recruited eligible children who had no acute respiratory infections or organic smell disturbances that could interfere with the sense of smell. The control and ASD groups had 18 participants each; 17 of the participants were boys (Rozenkrantz et al., 2015). Apart from gender, other factors were controlled including parental education and age. Before recruiting the participants, the study sought approval from the Israeli National Helsinki Committees and the Assaf Harofe Medical Center, which was granted (Rozenkrantz et al., 2015). When seating in front of computer monitors to view cartoons, children were exposed to both unpleasant and pleasant odors. The pleasantness was rated on a six-point visual analog scale (VAS) with a sad and happy face meaning unpleasant and pleasant respectively. Butyric acid and rotten fish were unpleasant odorants while the pleasant ones were phenyl ethyl alcohol and herbal essence. The results indicated the presence of a link between olfaction and ASD. Children in the control group had an adult sniff response within 305 microseconds after the onset of the odor while those in the ASD group had altered responses because they sniffed equally regardless of the odor valence (Rosencrantz et al., 2015). Sniff response variations were consistent irrespective of the perception of smell leading to 81% correct ASD classification using the sniff response alone (Rosencrantz et al., 2015). Furthermore, it was found that ASD severity was coupled with increasingly aberrant sniffing but not motor impairments. These findings reveal that the sniff test can reveal both the presence and severity of ASD in young children. The researchers, therefore, concluded that the findings unearthed an ASD marker that denotes the link between the disease and olfaction, which directly links impairment of internal action models and impaired social abilities. Importance of the Topic The link between autism and ASD can impact professional practice in a positive manner. However, the general population can misuse this information. Health professionals can utilize the research to enhance the process of diagnosing the disease in young children who cannot speak because the test requires only facial expressions and a sense of sme
In the recent past, outsourcing food services has continued to gain popularity in the business community. Several factors compel an organization to outsource food services. This paper explores the reasons why most business organizations outsource these services besides giving the advantages of food service outsourcing to a management contractor. Food services are the most commonly outsourced in the business community because many business organizations lack most of the required facilities within their internal settings. To offer efficient and effective food services to its staff, an organization needs to have the required equipment as well as personnel, which is not only costly but also a difficult task in most organizations. Owing to this, the organizations end up outsourcing food services from entities that have acquired the personnel and equipment necessary to offer high quality food services. Another reason that has led to the increased outsourcing of food services among many organizations is the dynamic nature of the field. The dynamic technological advancements in the food service make it not only difficult but also expensive for an organization to keep in pace with the changes in the field. To cut the costs associated with the technological advancements and ensure that the organization has access to up-to-date food services the organization ends up outsourcing food services. Consequently, it is able to receive excellent services while remaining economical and this boosts its reputation in the business world attracting other desirable services to the organization. Provision of food services tends to be a complex task and this has contributed in making food services the most outsourced service in the business community. This involves all the processes involved from the acquisition of the raw materials, equipment and qualified personnel to the delivery of the end food product to the target group. Most organizations choose to focus on their core competencies assigning food services’ provision, which is equally important to a third party. This also helps the business organizations to cut the costs involved in providing the complex food services and still gain access to efficient services through outsourcing. The phenomenon of outsourcing presents several benefits to the management contractor. Working with many clients facing similar challenges enables the management to tailor their services to meet the client’s specific needs. This enables the management to gain expertise in dealing with the specific needs of their clients. It increases the organization’s competitive advantage. Consequently, the contractor is able to acquire and maintain many clients leading to increased profitability of the business. To the management contractor, every client interaction presents a chance to build the organization’s brand besides strengthening customer relationships. Thes
In her speech, Marilyn Carlson Nelson says that the hospitality industry helps to make the world a smaller place through facilitating what she refers to as “positive globalization.” Indeed, globalization is a process where parts of the world and cultures that initially were far away from each other are brought together in an interaction that encourages them to collaborate instead of clashing. Through such cooperation, new collective identities are developed, the strict borders and misunderstandings between the nations become erased as their representatives grow closer to each other. This is what “positive globalization” means to me. Making traveling and tourism easier, the businesses of the hospitality industry provide a larger range of opportunities for people all around the world to move around, learn about the world, expand their list of places where they feel comfortable and safe. This alters the perception of the world as a huge, strange, and hostile place and replaces it with the idea of global friendliness, accessibility, and security. In my opinion, the outlook of a fresh college graduate is rather close to the one described by Marilyn, because a graduate perceives the world as a place with a lot of opportunities and open doors. A fresh college graduate feels free, inspired, and empowered to pursue various chances, and so does Marilyn when she speaks about using power for good. The descriptions of her journeys and dialogues confirm that the Carlson Industries has embraced the three facets of sustainability and has been trying to preserve the global economic welfare, make a positive impact on the environment, and work on the side of social justice preserving the right values and addressing the current problems of the world. Marilyn quotes the words of wisdom of Napoleon Bonaparte, who addressed his troops, offering each of them to obtain a new perspective and imagine themselves as the potential generals, so when the opportunity strikes, they are prepared to take over the leading roles and become the decision-makers. In my understanding, the wisdom of Napoleon emphasizes that there are no unimportant employees. On the contrary, each of them is to be a leader within their own field and be prepared to think outside the box and become an active leader in cases when there is no o
Alexey Brodovitch was a famous photographer, designer, and instructor. His most prominent work was in the fashion magazine Harper’s Bazaar where he had been an art director for a quarter of a century. This incredible work for the magazine left its significant trace in the development of the whole designer culture in the world. The importance of the designer’s work to the evolution of design practice is considerable. In the following paper, I have my goal to observe the creative work of Alexey Brodovitch, and his role in the development of the world’s art and design. Analyzing his creativity, it becomes evident that all the inimitable works by the great man of art and design, Alexey Brodovitch, feature his main working principles, which are innovation, unconventional approach, and futuristic ideas. Speaking about the context in which this designer genius developed his talent, his biography, and its historical background should be analyzed. Alexey Brodovitch was born in 1898 and lived a very long life of success and acknowledgment. He died in 1971. Brodovitch was born to the rich family of a medical doctor father and an artist mother. This outstanding man of art is a Russian-born person and the first part of his life passed in Russia. Later, on the reason for the revolutionary events in the country, he along with his family had to leave it. Brodovitch’s working experience started in Paris where he as an immigrant had appeared face to face with the problem of finding money for him and his young wife. This situation was very new to him as in Russia the family had been very wealthy. Brodovitch’s first work was somehow connected to art; however, it was a very modest beginning. He had to paint the houses. Still, Alexey was a very talented man, and very soon he managed to find success in the area of art and design. The atmosphere for men of art in Paris was the best one in the world those days. The art and designer elite of the world was gathered in the city. They all had a great spirit of ideas’ intercourse and creative cooperation. On 24 March 1924 Brodovitch managed to accomplish his first success among the wide public. His poster work on the topic of Le Bal Banal won the first prize in the very prestigious competition of those days in Paris (Purcell, 2002). The work was just striking with its fresh spirit and innovative approach. The very interesting fact is that Picasso himself won only second place in these competitions. Brodovitch’s posters were placed all around the Montp