ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Mind Map. Introduction The Nike Company has gone through tremendous criticism regarding the form of labor used by the contractors involved in supplying its products. The criticism affected the reputation of the Nike Company and this was reflected in the reduction of profits. For any organization intending to maintain its high status within the marketplace, it should ensure that ethical standards regarding the workers are highly upheld. The form of labor that any organization adopts should, therefore, be genuine and the laborers need to be recognized as vital assets of the company. Laborers should also be accorded enough respect (Sislin & Murphy, 2009). The contractors involved in the supply of Nike products used child labor and at times, went to the extent of imposing over time to all the workers to get the maximum benefit from them. The administration of the Nike Company has come up with a mindset strategy that focuses on the improvement of the form of labor employed by the outsourced contractors. Through this, the company has established a system that is concerned with ensuring that the workers’ rights are not violated and also ensuring that their living standards are upgraded. This has been achieved by using the following strategic mindset. Training According to Halbert and Ingulli (2011), lack of adequate programs to enlighten the children has led to most children being left in the streets while others choose to seek cheap employment to sustain their livelihood. Nike Company has established a training program of the children geared towards instilling knowledge to the youngsters which can be very helpful in the future. The under-aged children are trained on the requirements of the job to enable them to provide useful labor. This training has played a vital role in increasing the effectiveness of the form of labor provided. On the other hand, all workers in the company are also trained regarding their rights in the workplace as well as certain necessities that are required in the footwear industry. Continuous training of the workers enables individuals to have a clear understanding of what is required of them in the workplace. Health Issues Poor working conditions present in the workplace reduces the effectiveness of labor provided by the workers. For good health to be achieved, Nike has the responsibility of increasing the number of wages given to the workers to enable them to have decent living standards. Improved living standards ensure that the diet taken by the workers is appropriate hence guarantees the workers a healthy life. Healthy lifestyles have a direct positive influence on the labor provided. Concerning employee’s health, Nike Company has come up with a strategy where workers are given time to exercise to ensure that they attain a healthy body. Through this, the company has been able to improve the effectiveness of the labor that it gets from the workers (Hill and Jones 2
Those who oppose the use of parole as a correctional component assert that it is a waste of time, unfair and ineffective, and should be abolished. Those who support the use of parole as a correctional component in the criminal justice system argue that it is beneficial to the criminal and the community and that it is the behavioral outcome that is important in determining whether one should be on parole or not (Kleis, 2010). The abolishment of parole has been tried and failed because it makes sentencing of an offender longer and tougher and offenders who are released from prions are subjected to longer periods of incarceration (Andrews & Bonta, 2010). Parole is part of the criminal justice system and cannot be easily abolished. The U.S. Board of Parole states that parole can be done with fairness and equity by use of severity ratings for any offense to evaluate their behavioral outcomes. That puts offenders under constant review and re-evaluation to ensure that they do not harm the public when released as opposed to complete imprisonment (Kleis, 2010). Parole is not a waste of time and resources because offenders on parole are released to reduce congestion in prisons. To be on parole, an offender has to be evaluated for eligibility with active public participation, affirming the position that parole should not be abolished.
Executive summary The highly competitive business environment requires business establishments to adopt innovative approaches to market their goods and/or services (Smith & Zook, 2011; Sterne, 2010; Tuten, 2008; Zarrella, 2009). This report recommends that the business under discussion should use the platforms of social media to market its products. It contains the objectives, findings, analysis, conclusion, and recommendations. It draws on the information that is contained in various journal articles and books to discuss critical aspects vis-à-vis social media marketing. Objectives The main problem that is experienced by many companies across the world is the increase in competition from rivals (Gillin, 2008; Hettler, 2010). Thus, it would be critical for the management teams to utilize the most effective strategies to market commodities. It is critical to underscore that better sales correlate with an increase in turnover (Borges, 2009; Evans, 2010; Evans, 2012). Thus, two objectives would be adopted. First, the firm would aim at using the right content to attract future buyers. Second, the management would focus on enabling customers to access products using various mobile devices. Findings Companies choose online marketing platforms based on their objectives and the ease with which they can manage the approaches. The following table summarizes the commonly applied tools on social media: Category one    Category two  Category three         Facebook 92%    Twitter 84%   LinkedIn 71%           Blogs 68%       YouTube 56%   Forums 24%             Foursquare 17%  Mysquare 6%   Social Bookmarking 26%  Figure 1. A table showing the main groups of social media tools and their levels of applications. It is evident that owners of modern communication devices, such as tablets, consume more news on their gadgets (Hanna, Rohm & Crittenden, 2011). However, the number of those who purchase products on their devices stands at 41.4%, while the number of those who research products stands at 80.8% (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2011). There is a relatively high likelihood of online consumers becoming repeat buyers of goods and services. Analysis Online marketing tools From the findings, it can be learned that Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn are the most commonly used online platforms of advertising and marketing (De Vries, Gensler & Leeflang, 2012). Each platform is mostly used by different categories of people and/or future buyers. For example, Facebook is preferred by the young people, while Twitter and LinkedIn are applied by the middle-aged professionals (Mangold & Faulds, 2009). Communication devices It is evident that modern purchasers are using high-tech devices, such as tablets, to access news about firms and products that would help them to make informed decisions. Online information is important in enabling companies to sell significant volumes of their goods. Buying behaviors The fact that online marketing encourages repeat buying behaviors could be a benefit to c
Introduction The death of a loved one creates a hiatus in a person’s life. People’s religious and philosophical ideas guide them throughout the grieving process. Individuals should have adequate time to grieve and heal in order to find meaning in life. This discussion explores the concept of grieving and how it differs from one population to another. Defining Grieving Holdsworth (2015) indicates the grieving is a process that can take longer depending on the nature of the loss. It makes it easier for every affected individual to let his or her beloved person to go. Mourning also promotes healing. Grieving usually involves the physical death of a loved one. However, events such as divorce or loss of a job can trigger the process. Grieving Processes: African Americans and Latinos Humans belong to different cultural, religious, and social backgrounds. This fact explains why different populations portray diverse grieving processes. African Americans are known to follow most of the five stages (Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance) of grief (Danzer, Rieger, Schubmehl, & Cort, 2016). They manifest great emotion during grieving. Although they believe in life after death, members of this population mourn in order to heal. Latinos are encouraged to cry after the death of a loved person. Divorce can force people to express emotions such as anger and pain (Hordan & Litz, 2014). They use promises to honor their departed ones. Gifts are also presented during burial ceremonies. Differences Several differences can be observed in the manner in which members of these two cultures grief. To begin with, African Americans will establish strong ties with their friends throughout the mourning period. Individuals will have adequate time in order to heal completely. Latinos, on the other hand, will mainly focus on the best relationships with their family members. Prayers and fasting are embraced by African Americans (Danzer et al., 2016). Latinos might seek traditional revelations during the mourning process. Gifts are shared by Latinos whenever one of them is grieving. Such differences should be clearly understood in order to help those who are grieving. Theories of Grief Several theories can be applied to understand how these two cultures grief. To begin with, Silverman and Klass’s theory of continuing bonds asserts that grieving results in a new order whereby people accept reality without forgetting their beloved ones (Holdsworth, 2015). This aspect characterizes the grieving process exhibited by the two cultures. John Bowlb’s attachment theory asserts that the established relation between individuals is disoriented after the death of a given person. This model can be used to understand how these two cultural groups mourn (Holdsworth, 2015). Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ model can also be used to explain how members of these cultures mourn. These theories show clearly that grieving is a unique process that must be experienced by both African Americans a
Introduction The problem of reliability of eyewitness testimony is critical because the words of a witness said confidently can be contemplated as valid; however, it does not mean that the statement is accurate. The necessity of scientific research in this area is justified by the evidence that the genuineness of eyewitness testimony is influenced by various factors such as age, gender, race or nationality, belonging to a particular social group, affiliations with the specific organizations or groups of interest, and many other aspects. The personal characteristics and connection with other individuals or groups have a significant impact on the perception of a crime and its interpretation. Through the exploration of these factors, scientific research can determine the existing biases and contribute to criminal justice in a way that the practitioners can apply scientifically tested knowledge. This study is aimed to describe the scientific method applicable for the identification of gender-related biases in eyewitness testimony. Considering gender inequality and stereotypes, prevalent in society, gender-specific biases affect the perception of the crime and its evaluation. Background of the Research The numerous studies in eyewitness testimony indicate the variations in the retrieval of a memory of a violation associated with the gender differences (Ahola, 2012; Areh, 2011). Both authors concern about the gender-related differences in the reconstruction of the crimes. The distinctions between two examinations are in the materials provided to participants for evaluation and the focus of the research. Though, there are other differences as well. For example, the variations include the number and age of the participants, the ratio between women and men, and some other divergences. Considering the materials, Areh (2011) offers to the research participants a short video in which a man rubs a woman. This exploration excludes the evaluation of a female perpetrator. Ahola (2012), on the other hand,
The Nature of Music Industry In 2013, the market for recorded music in the USA was worth about $15 billion. Out of that number, nearly 60% belonged to live music revenues, which were likely to increase. What concerned recorded music, revenues had been falling for several years, which led to their small share (15%) at the market. However, digital music has the potential to increase the revenues, its sales being accountable for the third part: 25%. The leading company in the digital market was Apple’s iTunes. Along with that, streaming was gaining a growing success, so such services were becoming popular, the most influential of them being Spotify. There was also a market for paid downloads, in which Apple’s iTunes occupied the first position. As of February 2013, the service reported that 15,000 songs were being downloaded from the service every minute, which made the revenue of $1.7 billion in the last quarter of 2012. Therefore, the shift to the digital market was considerable, and companies tried to gain success in that sphere. The movement also held the potential for companies to compete Spotify and similar services that were gaining success with the consumers. While iTunes held a prominent place in the digital music market, it became able to enhance its options in the overall music market. Apple had the greatest share there (40%), but there were several other important shareholders: Walmart (10%), Amazon (9%), and Target (5%). As for the music releasing process, it was common for singers to sign contracts with record companies that were responsible for recording, distributing, and advertising. There were three major players in the market in 2013: Sony Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group, and Warner Music. Each of the three had a number of labels within the system. For instance, Sony had such leading labels as Epic, Columbia Records, and RCA. The most common marketing approach was creating hype by means of promotional performances and radio presentations. The Development of Beyoncé’s Career Beyoncé (full name: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles) was born in 1981 into an upper-middle-class family. Her father was a sales manager, and her mother owned a hair salon. The family lived in the Third Ward district of Houston, Texas. The girl’s singing talent was first noticed by her dance instructor. Beyoncé’s parents did their best to promote their daughter’s talent, so since the age of seven, the girl participated in numerous dancing and singing competitions. At the age of nine, she became a member of a girl band called Girl’s Time. In 1992, the group took part in the TV show Star Search. Although the girls did not win, their performance was a starting point in gaining nationwide success. The group later changed its title to Destiny’s Child and signed a contract with Columbia Records in 1996. The group’s success was growing rapidly, and by the end of the 1990s, they became the best-selling female band of all time. However, in 2001, each of the members of Destiny’s Child started a solo career. Between 2003 and 2011, Beyoncé released four studio albums: “
Introduction John Donne is a poet whose work topped in the early part of the twentieth century. He is famous for exploiting the style of verse known as metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poetry entails complex figures of speech applied to elaborate and surprising metaphorical conceits, unusual verse forms and learned themes discussed according to eccentric and unexpected chains of reasoning. Donne’s poetry exhibits each of the characteristics of a metaphysical poem (Marvell and Herbert 15). Donne encourages us to acknowledge and accept death. We must accept fate rather than resigning to it. There are phenomena that we cannot find their answers in science. Therefore, we must look for answers in the spiritual world. Allusion runs in the entire poem. John Donnes’ poem, Death Be Not Proud , from the Biblical point of view, he says that “death is no different from sleep only this time around we get to sleep a bit longer…but wait…we wake eternally and death would be no more” (Donne 2001). He portrays death as a loser and convinces human not to be afraid of it. However, his conviction to make human look at death different is by writing that death is not only scary but also a joyful experience. The poet compares death to a slave which can be manipulated. He says some flowers and even magic can also kill better than death. “One short sleep past, we wake eternally, and death shall be no more. Death, thou shall die” (Donne 2001). As John Donne renders death a loser, he writes this from the biblical point of view. In the Bible, Christians get assurance that after death, a prolonged sleep, they will live forever with no more death. Therefore, victory will triumph over death and human beings will live forever. To John Donne, death is something “irrelevant” and human beings need not fear it. Donne also uses personification in his poem. In the poem Death Be Not Proud , death assumes the role of a tyrant without real power. The speaker says that some call it mighty and dreadful though it is not so. The speaker also addresses death as a slave serving fate, chance, kings and desperate men. They use death not death using them. The poet employs personification to diminish death’s formidability. The speaker mocks death by saying “Die not poor death” and “nor yet canst thou kill me”. “And death shall be no more; death, thou shalt die”. John Donne shows victory over death by giving death human attributes and declaring “thou shalt die” (Donne 2001). This part paints death as a powerful force that scares human beings. He portrays people living in fear of death. According to Donne, death has killed many including kings, and all those it kills surrender to it physically. The poet compares death to a slave that human beings use to end their troubles. In the poem, death comes out as a tyrant without real power. The poem crashes death through weakening and making i
Acknowledgments First and foremost, praise and thanks to God, the Almighty, for His blessings to finish this research. Many people have helped me during the development of this research. No words would do justice to their endless efforts. I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my advisor Dr. Samuil Hassan, Associate Professor in the Political Science Department at the United Arab Emirates University for his valuable comments, remarks, and engagement throughout t this master’s thesis. It was a great honor to work with him’ without his guidance and constant support the completion of this thesis would not have been possible. Furthermore, I would like to thank the participants involved in the study for sharing their valuable time and experience during the process of interviewing. Finally, I acknowledge the people who mean so much to me: my family for believing in me throughout the research; and my friends for their understanding and cheerfulness during moments of crisis. I cannot list all their names here, but they are always in my thoughts. Abstract In Abu Dhabi, rapid population growth, exponential changes in lifestyle, shortage of water resources, and the increased reliance on desalinated water are all major challenges to the water sector. Considering this, there is a strategic need for understanding the current water use patterns and resource management practices in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Thus, the research aimed to analyze current demand management measures and explore possible integrated water demand management regimes. It also aimed to evaluate if the soft-path for water can be feasibly implemented there. Additionally, the research intended to suggest potentially effective measures for water regulation in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi based on identified weaknesses and strengths. The four principles of the soft-path approach encompass multiple dimensions of water consumption including behaviors, attitudes, practices, and technologies. Thus, it offers a comprehensive framework for sustainable water management. The criteria for the implementation of the soft-path principles were identified and consequently used to evaluate the current managerial activities in Abu Dhabi. Regarding institutional capacity, the low level of community involvement in decision making was identified as the main challenge. With the current robust implementation of public campaigns and advocacy for water conservation, communities will become more involved. The results of institutional capacity for soft-path implementation show high scores in seven out of the eight themes. The main areas of strength are information resources, human resources, financial resources, policy, and legal environment, political environment, practical considerations, and technological solutions. The main aspect of institutional capacity that requires much improvement is the level of community awareness and involvement in matters of water conservation. Other areas that the water sector will need to address include the
U.S. labor laws have undergone several changes. This has minimized oppressive behavior previously witnessed in employment setting. In addition, there has been substantial increase in minimum wage for many categories of workers. This has improved working conditions, rights and protection of workers against work related hazards, among others. The federal government instituted several statutes namely, (FLSA) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, among others, to improve working conditions of employees. For instance, this statute was established to introduce minimum wage, prohibit employment of minors and guarantee payment for overtime. Over the years, the statute has undergone several changes. In the process, it has drawn opinion from various special interest groups, associations, among others. This paper will explore how the FLSA changes of 1994 were enacted as well as investigate opinions thereafter (Bianca, 2011, p. 1). FLSA was established in 1938. Its establishment came amid criticism over employers’ handling of workers. This brought about improvement in working conditions as workers’ unions pressed for more reforms. Its main aims were to establish a minimum wage for all commercial entities. In addition, it prohibited child labor and guaranteed improved payments for overtime in some jobs. This was applied to all employees of interstate corporations and enterprises engaging in commerce. The act did not take full effect until 1955 due to inflation that followed World War II. In addition, it underwent several amendments. For instance, it was amended in 1955, 1961, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1989, 1994, 1996, and 2004, among others. These were aimed at improving standard of living for low-income employees (Federal Register, 1995, p. 1). FLSA act of 1994 was essential as it provided security for all American workers. However, it had some implications, which meant that employees who did not comply with the provisions would face lawsuits. Moreover, it included administrative fines that could come from agencies like (EEOC) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and (DOL) U.S. Department of Labor, among others. The act involved issues dealing with compensation of claimant. It clarified on the number of years for recovery of overtime compensation. In light of this, the General accounting office (GAO) ruled that the compensations be backdated for 6 years (U.S. Department of Labor, 2011, p. 1). Most special interest groups were concerned about compensation dates