ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is universally accepted that education is one of the important aspects of human development due to the constant need for self-improvement as well as self-expression. Therefore, there are different approaches to the ways of learning that mostly depend on the culture and traditions of different countries. The Arabic view on education is brightly presented in the works Instruction of the Student: Method of Learning by Imam al-Zanuji. His great pedagogical work reflects his unconventional and comprehensive outlook on the purpose of knowledge consisting in the revival of Islamic religion and culture and in postulating the main principles of successful education. Zarnuji’s work enlarges is an effective guide for the students to learn Islam in the most meaningful way. The principles and rules presented in the book enlarge in great detail on the necessity to obtain knowledge since it is granted access to God and His appraisal. The most valuable chapter of the book advises respecting the knowledge since it is the only method to perceive the essence of studying. In the chapter, the writer persuades the reader that the esteem of knowledge leads to esteem God and Islam. Hence, Zarnuji states: “One way of holding knowledge in esteem is through Veneration of the Book [the Koran]” (2001, 34). The book also discovers the importance of respectful relations between the teacher and a student. Thus, the students must always trust their teacher and fully rely on him. Arising out of it, “veneration of learning includes veneration of companions in the quest of knowledge …for it will be necessary to praise one’s teacher and one’s fellow students in order that one can profit from their learning” (Zarnuji 2001, 36). Respect and knowledge are the most important components of a successful education since without it the knowledge loses its primary value. For the knowledge to be firm, a student is to note down the major points in all lessons for. One of the most important principles put forward by Zarnuji is the constant necessity of acquiring knowledge that trains the ability to single out the main points. Throughout the book, the writer calls for students to be deep seekers of knowledge so that they could acquire more knowledge in future (Zarnuji 2001, 66). Such a philosophy requires to value the time and to use purposely. It is obligatory that everyone who strives to be educated should strive for consistency and obedience and rely on Allah only. The author skillfully explains that the process of learning and engages the student into the constant search of the purpose thus avoiding the useless matters. The unconventional approach to the process of learning is also revealed through the author’s outlook on the functions of memory and its connection with the knowledge. According to Zarnuji, knowledge helps to develop memory whereas memory helps to acquire more knowledge. Here,
During the 19th century, women were excluded from official politics and decision-making. The rearing of children and protection of the family were to be key concepts in the broad movement for social reform to which educated Canadian women committed themselves. The reform movement can be understood only by considering it alongside the suffrage movement; more than a complement to the latter, the reform movement was the feminized version of the suffrage movement. Thesis in order to penetrate the political sphere, Canadian women engaged in philanthropic societies and social movements aimed to protect their rights and improve their social and economic position. The reform movement attested to the democrats’ belief that an individual’s capabilities must be proven first of all, by property ownership and then civic virtue in order to take part in the affairs of state and city. Not everyone was naturally fit for civic responsibility (Frager and Patrias 107). The philanthropic movement was closely involved in the establishment of the welfare state, contributing content and sometimes political personnel. In accordance with a strict division of tasks within the social and political sectors, the women and men of the educated elite shouldered the task of making Canada into a more just and equitable society and defining the modalities of the new citizenship (Gleason et al 288). The slow and gradual process that led to the women’s franchise was closely linked to the broad movement of social feminism, and it reflected the overlapping of the social demands proposed by the movement and changes within the state. In English Canada, the lead in the temperance movement was taken by reformers, physicians, and men of law whose concerns with curbing alcoholism and promoting public hygiene mirrored the agenda of the temperance movement in the United States. The Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) played a front-line role in the transformation of the anti-alcohol campaign into a political movement for women’s suffrage. An exclusively female organization founded in Picton, Ontario, in 1874, the Canadian WCTU counted 9,000 affiliated groups in 1891 and campaigned persistently in favor of government intervention against alcohol consumption, which was held responsible for a crime, displacement of families, political corruption, and a great many other evils. Convinced of the importance of anti-alcohol reforms, the members of the WCTU became involved in highly publicized campaigns across the country to enforce compliance from governments that had remained impervious to their speeches. Imbued with belief in their cause and disappointed with the reception they were given, the main leaders of the WCTU quickly turned toward political action to demand rights equal to those of men. They joined the activist women who, as early as
Summary The readings in Chapter 2 of Shaw and Lee’s text illustrate societal power dynamics, hierarchal ranking, and privilege and prejudice through a compilation of essays. It considers the normalization of qualities such as white, straight, and middle-class as a practice that fosters oppression (Collins, 2015). Therefore, the hierarchical ranking of race, gender, and class based on differences create systems of privilege and disparity. Inequality fosters domination and subordination, which can take an institutional (workplace), symbolic (society-sanctioned feminine or masculine qualities), or individual (biographic) dimension (Collins, 2015). Social change would require recognition that power and privilege strain relationships, fostering group solidarity and building empathy. However, intersectionality – a situation where dominant outlooks of subjectivity or rationality obscure the significance of struggles – is the main challenge. White and male privilege grants individuals an unearned power to control others by virtue of race or gender. Other advantaging systems may include age, nationality, religion, and heterosexuality, among others. Modern society also confers cisgender people’s gendered privilege over transgender individuals whose gender identity or role is not consistent with the assigned sexuality. Classism in workplaces and neighborhoods is another system of inequality. Pervasive classist ideologies, such as the American dream, resulting in income disparities and discrimination against migrants, poor minorities, and the disabled, among other groups. Chapter 3 of the text illustrates how male gender privilege inspires girls to embrace masculine behavior (tomboys) to gain acceptability among boys. It proposes five sexes to capture all forms of human sexuality that have a genetic basis. For example, according to Fausto-Sterling (2015), the congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) gene in a dominant state leads to male genitalia in females. Thus, assigning sex at birth predisposes one to legal constraints and discrimination. Gender is a social construct that results from our interactions. It is done at birth with the aim of creating a dominant male category and perpetuating inequality. Personal Impression of the Text I found the readings and an accurate depiction of the oppression against sections of the society, including women, gays, and ethnic minorities, very interesting. It elaborates how categorizations based on sex, socioeconomic status, and race, among others, are meant to create a privileged group that oppresses the other. However, femininity continues to challenge the existing gender privilege that favors men. Another noteworthy point highlighted in the text is that girls behave like boys to gain acceptability among their male peers. However, men would reject anything associated with femininity because of teasing or bullying. Thus, society has created a double standard of sexual behavior that leads to the subordination of women. Discussion Questions  1. Masculinity is assoc
Introduction The relationship between an unborn and the mother is highly depended on the ability of the mother to mentalise. On the other hand, mentalising is driven by a number of factors and these factors are based on the mother’s daily activities. For instance, her exposure to stressful situations and tiredness will affect her ability to develop the capacity to reflect on her own feelings (Cornelis & Coop 2014). The ability of a mother to reflect on her own feelings and behaviours, the level of care she gets from family and friends, her physical health, social-economic are some of the factors that influence mentalisation (Cornelis & Coop 2014). Mentalisation The evidence of communication between the mother and the unborn child is based on some researches that have found out that newborn babies prefer the voice of their mother. A one-hour old child will respond and turn towards their mother’s voice even when other women are present and talking. This clearly shows that the babies and their mothers were communication even before the baby was born. With regard to emotional regulation, the mother’s emotions are directly attached to her unborn child (Cornelis & Coop 2014). When a pregnant woman is exited and constantly happy, the child in her womb normally displays calmness. The child kicks gently, and mothers can tell that their unborn babies are good moods by listening and paying attention to the child’s movements in the womb. Newly pregnant women experience more physical and emotional attachment with their unborn babies. Due to the first experience, they tend to develop heightened levels of love that helps them overlook the fears of giving birth. Research has proven that infants feel, hear, and experience, although not in the way that adults do. It has also been discovered that an unborn child begins to respond to light at the 16 th week of pregnancy (Cornelis & Coop 2014). Child’s senses By the fifth and the sixth month, the child’s sense of touch is developed (Cornelis & Coop 2014). Infants by the 24 th week are fully responsive to music, and they listen and recognize voices. Unborn babies are highly sensitive to their mother and father attitudes and feelings (Petry, Beardsall & Dunger 2014). It has been proven that the mother’s attitude towards her partner, the pregnancy, and the child has a direct influence on the child’s psychological development (Petry, Beardsall & Dunger 2014). This also affects the mother’s experience during birth. Mother’s emotions The mother’s behavioural patterns and feelings are the fundamental source of incentives that infl
Personal significance Organic food is healthy because it is produced under healthy conditions and, therefore, does not pose a danger to human health. Both chapters are of immense significance to me and the people around me. It is not news that most health problems nowadays are as a result of poor eating habits. Health problems such as diabetes heart attacks, obesity and stroke, is all linked to eating habits in one way or another. If everything consumed was produced through the natural way, perhaps the cases of health problems would reduce considerably. The quote, “all flesh is grass” is particularly true citing the processes involved. The cycle involves both animals and plants starting from the point where cattle graze on hay, and then the cow dung is serving as manure to the soil (Pollan 210). The poultry helps in the spreading of manure as the chicken looks for larvae to eat. The hens also help in aerating the soil and eliminating the parasites. If anything is planted on this piece of land, it is obviously deemed to flourish. The chapter on “Big Organic” is highly informative and is related to people’s day to day lives. When buying food, many people are easily carried away by the packaging of the product. Many people do not pose to think about the content inside the package as long the package looks attractive. The concept of grass farming The concept of “grass farming” majorly talks about how animals and plants benefit from the natural process of organic farming. The grass grows in the field, and then the cattle feed on it while some grass is cut and stored for winter. As the cattle feed on hay, it leaves their droppings in the field, and these droppings also known as manure, is abundantly rich in soil nutrients. The hens are then released to the field where they help spread the manure as they search for larvae to feed from the manure. The land is ready for planting after passing through these processes. The products are devoid of any harmful chemicals and, therefore, pose no danger to human bodies. Grass farming is a different understanding of agriculture because everything about it is natural. There are no industrial chemicals involved. Apart from that, grass farming involves a truly unique cycle where both animals and plants benefit almost equally. There is no health complications involved in this particular farming. Health and Environmental impacts of industrial organic The impacts of industrial organic may be dire to animals and humans. First and foremost, the chemicals used are known to trigger illnesses such as cancer in human beings. Industrial organics cause other various health complications apart from cancer (Pollan 261). Industrial organic poses a serious threat to the environment. The gases emanating from the processes involved during the production pollute the environment, in particular, air, which affects, in its turn, the living and non living things in the environment. The chemicals released as waste materials from the factories may find its way to the rivers nearby, therefore, killing the aquatic life. Conclusion To increase the production of organic foods, Pollan advocates for the domestication of animals. This is to
Introduction Am I Blue, set in the French Quarter of New Orleans, begins during a rainy night in 1968 with a sixteen-year-old girl, Ashbe’s successful attempt to pick up seventeen-year-old preppy college freshman John Polk in a bar led the two into Ashbe’s apartment. The background mood of the bar and the apartments are linked together by a song “Am I Blue?” that was being played on the piano room behind the bar, and later played on Ashbe’s radio in her apartment. The two characters, Ashbe and John Polk represent different aspects of modern society as defined by their family backgrounds, which eventually contributes to the way they conduct themselves and view society. This essay compares Ashbe and John Polk in relation to their behaviors and views of life as defined by their family background. Ashbe as a Character Ashbe, a somewhat wacky type of girl, dresses provocatively in her endless attempt to get attention from strangers. In fact, her attire is somehow flamboyant but in some sense garish, that is, “a flowered plastic rain cap, red galoshes, a butterfly barrette, and jeweled cat eyeglasses” (Henley 68). It is possible to argue that Ashbe’s choice of colors is basically meant to get her noticed easily by anyone who may be interested in her. Divorced from her friends, Ashbe portrays the life of her parents who are divorced hence live separately. She does not want to be close to her friends who are all members of a school dance, a group she considers to be too old-school for her to join. Instead, she prefers to be alone, fantasizing about everything she deems to fit the bill of good and modern life, including sexual escapades. However, Ashbe is a g
Introduction Social Enterprise for a day is a two-day conference that teaches students the importance of corporate caring. It is a core component of the introduction to entrepreneurship course. This year, the event took place at Mount Saint Vincent University and was held on Thursday 30th January, 2014, and Friday January 31st, 2014. The event brought together students from Mount Sinai Vincent and Dalhousie Universities. Together, we brainstormed ideas on how to plan and run social ventures. Summary The event started with an introductory speech on social enterprise by Dr. Peter Mombourquette. In his speech, Dr. Mombourquette noted that students can put their entrepreneurial skills to good use by improving the local community. Four entrepreneurs were also introduced and each one of them gave a speech on the experiences of an entrepreneur. Besides recounting how they had ventured into entrepreneurship, the speakers also highlighted the lows and highs of venturing into the business world. In addition, the entrepreneurs shared with the students useful guidelines on starting a business. Some of the important keys to business success that the entrepreneurs highlighted include: need identification and developing cordial relationships with your customers. Later that evening, the Hope Blooms team, a group of successful entrepreneurs, were invited on stage to share their experiences and insights on social entrepreneurship. Hope Blooms are involved in the manufacture and sale of salad dressing and because the business is a social outfit, the entrepreneurs use most of their profits to organize cooking classes, fund scholarship classes, and neighbourhood gardens. The students were impressed and motivated by the testimonies given by the Hope Blooms team. Students from Mount Saint Vincent University also promised that they would give the profits generated from their business venture to Hope Blooms. Once the speakers were done with their speeches, the students were divided into thirteen groups. Each of the thirteen groups was to develop a business idea which would be presented to the panel. Our group consisted of thirty two members. We brainstormed for about 1 hour and came up with the idea of selling Hand Warmers with suckers. Our individual investment would be $ 5 meaning that as a group, we would have to raise $ 160. We compared the prices of hand warmers from different stores such as Canadian Tire, Wal-Mart, and Dolaram. Eventually, we decided to buy from Wal-Mart because the store had the cheapest prices. A pack of ten pairs of hand warmers was retailing at $ 9. We decided to sell a pair of hand warmers and a sucker for $ 2. Therefore, for every $ 9 invested, we would make a profit of $ 11. Our selling point was strategically located near the Halifax pub
Introduction The philosophy of constructivism has its roots in Russia. This is a movement of artists that came together, and who shared a common vision in terms of seeing art as a depiction of everyday life. Later on, the concept was to take root in the rest of the continent (Warren 2006). It was especially championed by such artists as Rodchenko and Lissitzky, whose work was an inspiration to many an artist. In addition, the form, shape, color, tone and subject matter of the work Rodchenko and Lissitzky were a symbol of the developments in the social order of the communist system of government, at the time. Posters were mainly used to symbolize the thoughts of the artists as regards the political situation at the time, and the way of life in general. Constructivism in graphic design and its integration in everyday life Constructivism is a term that is used in reference to a modern arty movement whose origin may be traced to Moscow, during the early 1920s. Constructivism entails the application of such industrial materials as sheet metal, glass, as well as plastic for purposes of depicting objects that are often geometrical in form. In addition, this group of artists resolved to “traverse self-directed objects of art and in the process, they managed to replace abstract art and its related language into work that is practically designed. The formation of the constructivism movement was triggered by the ensuing climate of utopia which took place in Russia, after the 1917 October revolution. Indeed, it is this October revolution that is believed to have seen artists searching for a novel visual environment, one that symbolized the fresh communist order and its associated values and social needs. Alexander Rodchenko is credited with having influenced in a tremendous way a lot of the work by graphic designers during the 20th century. In addition to Rodchenko, El Lissitzky Lilssitsky is another artist who is credited with having had a profound inspiration on the graphic design that a number of western graphic designers developed. Anton Lavinsky along with Solomon Telingater has also been linked with the inspiration of the graphic work of rebel Western artists. A majority of the constructivists are said to have worked on posters design (Lewis 2004). Back then during the 1920s and the pres ceding years, posters were believed to impact greatly in driving home the idea that such artists harbored regarding the powers that be, in addition to the overall impression of everyday life. As such, posters found wide application in political propaganda, as well as film. A perfect example of how a poster’s best-found application in the film is the posters of the Stenberg brothers with its jazz-like geometry and bright color is a good example of the use of posters in films. On the other hand, the photomontage work that was accomplished by Valentina Kulagina and Gustav Klutsis, and which may at best be described as agitational in nature, is an application of posters in political propaganda. Constructivism is often seen as a creation of Russians, despite