ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary Flexi Cool Gifts runs a small business of selling gifts and presents in different cities of Australia. The management of Flexi Cool Gifts is considering the option of a website which might help in increasing revenue and improve the marketing and advertising of the products offered. Accordingly, the following study has focused on how Flexi Cool Gifts can utilize a website in promoting its business. The proposed plan discusses how the website will be structured and what information and other features will be available on it. Apart from this, the benefits and costs associated with this plan have also been mentioned. Introduction The owners of the Flexi Cool Gifts are considering the development of a website to enhance their business. Miss Wong, business development manager, has been asked to lead this project. Miss Wong has contacted Deakin Innovative Solutions Pty Ltd for a proposed business solution. Following personnel from Deakin Innovative Solutions Pty Ltd took part in carrying out this study:   * Marketing Manager (considered the marketing strategy)   * Finance Manager (considered the costs and benefits)   * Web Developer (considered the structure and design of the proposed website)   * IT Manager (consider other relevant IT issues) Company Profile Flexi Cool Gifts is a small chain of gift shops selling a large variety of gifts and presents through 12 shops located in Melbourne, Geelong, Hobart, and Mt Gambier. The business is owned by Mr. David Peterson (VIC), Kenny Wong (SA), and Ms Sandra Demetrious (Tasmania). The owners of the business have realized that their business needs a website in order to earn the benefits associated with e-commerce. Accordingly, the management is looking for the development of a website which will help in the marketing and advertisement of the gifts and presents offered by Flexi Cool Gifts. Moreover, the management also desires to generate more revenue through on-line transactions and improve relationships with their customers through on-line communication. Proposed Business Solution In order to achieve the objectives stated above, the development of an effective and customer friendly website is the ultimate solution. With the development of a website, Flexi Cool will be able to target its existing and prospective customers more conveniently and efficiently in terms of costs. It is expected that the website will be accessed by 1.5 million users of internet in Australia. This projection will enable Flexi Cool to promote its products along with additional services through its website. Implementation The implementation of the plan will consist of the development of the proposed website, which will focus on its structure, content and other features. Structure A website without a proper structure is nothing more than a collection of documents. A properly structured website facilitates the visitors and allows them to roam around easily and understand what the website offers (webdesign, 2011). The structure of the website will consist of homepage, main sections and subsections. XHTML and CSS XHTML (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language) will be used in developing the website because a
Introduction The question of whether we are free or determined has aroused a never-ending debate between two groups with differing opinions. Those who believe in the view of free will say man is free enough to determine what he/she wants and that the choice for self-determination is real and actual. On the other hand, those who believe that they a re powerless to make decisions believe that man’s actions are determined. According to them, there is no point at which a person will ever fully determine him/herself because of the nature of the world he/she lives where everything has already been decided by other preceding factors. The paper borrows the view of this group that our actions, thoughts, and behaviors are determined and that people have no power to make their own free will choices. We are determined-not free Though people believe in freedom, they often aspire to show how free they are and how far the freewill goes. However, in essence, man is not free but determined. In fact, Rachels (2011) tells us, “The more we learn about the causes of human behavior, the less likely it seems that we are free” (p. 109). This claim can be proved when man’s life or freewill is put to test using the following parameters that prove that man is not free as he/she might think. He further says, “People are never responsible for their actions because their actions are caused by forces beyond their control” (Rachels, 2011, p. 96) Other People influence our decisions Determination of a decision as being right or wrong is always tested against certain past parameters that are already set to define what comprises a right or a wrong decision. A decision to do the right thing in the society, for example, is determined by the moral standards that have been set by the society. Therefore, the choice to make whatever decision we wish, whether right or wrong is never ours. The decision to do the right thing has always been informed by the expectations of the society, which always attaches a form of reward for doing the right thing. Rachel informs, “the debate of freewill has been about nature of human actions and its relationship to moral responsibility” (p. 118). Therefore, what we do, whether right or wrong, is due to our subconscious expectation for a reaction from the society. We are therefore dependent on the society. A person’s decision to dress this way or that way is due to the expectations of the society that one dresses up. Secondly, it is due to what the society has set as a dress code. Therefore, to create a certain picture, the person
Introduction Different schools of thought supported and evolved multiple versions of economics. The neo-Classical Economics, proposed and strengthened by such classic thinkers and economists as Adam Smith and David Ricardo, included also the works of John Stuart Mill. The Utilitarianism proposed by John Stuart Mill forms one part of the basic assumptions that lead Neo-Classical Economics. While on the other side, ecological economics is more recent and brings into focus all the parameters that makeup economics. It looks at all factors that form a part of the society as a whole and that which decides on the overall development of the economics as well as the environment. Robert Costanza, Herman Daly and Nicholas Rogen brought Ecological Economics to the fore. In this paper, a brief look is taken at the differences and similarities between the two theories of economics. Neo-Classical Economics The basic assumptions behind neoclassical economics are the following (Christian Arnsperger et al, 2006):  1. People have rational preferences and these can be allocated a value. Every one of the goods or services used by the people has a value or a value that can be worked out. Based on this it can be found that individuals tend to maximize the utilitarian value of the goods and services that they use.  2. Whereas on the other hand, the firms driven by the shareholders tend to maximize their profitability. This can be reasoned out as the measure by the firms to ensure that they are in business and they serve the interest of the shareholder.  3. All people before making their decisions do so with full knowledge of the product or service or decision. According to this theory, they will have all the relevant information on the decision that they are about to take. The neo-Classical theory stresses the utility of the product or service and tries to ensure that this would not only increase the utility of the product to the individual but also increase the profitability of the firm. This theory is substantiated and was found to be valid in microeconomics. However, the number of factors that could affect the operation of the economics in a macroeconomic scenario is substantially high. Therefore, based on these assumptions, it was possible to explain many of the behaviours of the economic cycles (Roy Weintraub 2002). This could also produce a supply-demand curve and also explain the relationship between them. The theory also explained marginal productivity under conditions of recession and the income distribution across the society and multiple societies. It also could explain the reasons behind why such changes are happening. New concepts were extended in the form of steady-state theories modifying the neoclassical theory to suit the situation. However, all this could produce mathematical models that would identify the variations in production caused by supply-demand
Differentiate among the three expressions: Engagement, Empowerment, and Motivation Engagement refers to the concept in which employees; develop a strong emotional bond to their company and becomes more active and committed to their work. Additionally, employees have a feeling of the importance of their jobs, and they are aware of the importance attached to the value of their ideas and opinions and usually engage in extra responsibilities. Empowerment is the process of giving people the authority to do things that satisfy customers, as well as trusting employees to make the right choices without waiting for approval from the management. On the other hand, motivation arises when individuals respond to felt needs. Mention three Advantages of Employee Engagement Employee engagement has several advantages to both the individual and the organization. Firstly, it helps in the development of individual skills and leadership capabilities, thereby creating a sense of mission as well as fostering trust. Secondly, it fosters innovation and creativity in the organization. This may act as a source of competitive advantage. Lastly, it leads to quality and productivity improvement in the business. Mention three Principles of Empowerment   * The establishment of mutual trust.   * Ensuring employee have access to business information.   * Enhancing employee capabilities. Differentiate between the Extrinsic and Intrinsic views Intrinsic views of motivation hold that individuals perform tasks out of internal desires that may result in personal pleasure. A good example of intrinsic motivation is participation in a particular sport because you find the activity enjoyable. On the other hand, the extrinsic view holds that individuals’ morale arises from external factors in order to engage in certain activities for them to earn a reward. A good example of extrinsic motivation is participation in a particular sport in order to win an award. What are the main theories of Motivation   * Theory of goal-setting.   * Theory of acquired needs.   * Theory of job characteristics. Explain in one page the Hackman-Oldham Model The model argues that the task itself was important to the motivation of employees. Making tasks to become more challenging enhances job motivation. The model holds that there are five key job characteristics. This includes; task significance, autonomy, skill variety, task identity, and feedback. The characteristics influence some psychological states such as knowledge of the outcome, experienced responsibility and job meaningfulness. These states then in turn influences on work outcomes, such as work motivation, performance, absenteeism, satisfaction and turnover. Meaningfulness of work pertains to the idea that work is motivating by itself and results to intrinsic motivation. The job meaningfulness comes from task significance, task identity and skill variety, whereas skill variety refers to the use of the right composition of talents and skills. Identity of task involves the extent
What mistakes did Palumbo make when planning his business in the beginning? Palumbo made three major mistakes during the inception of his business. The first mistake was the positioning of the business. The sector that Palumbo chose to enter had many negative associations. For instance, the dance culture and futuristic music played in the club came from gay clubs in Chicago and New York. This meant that the business started operations with reputational baggage acquired from the association of its music with gay clubs. The second mistake was the choice of a business name. The name is too ambiguous. For a casual observer, it is difficult to know that this name does not refer to a government or a Christian ministry, but a business. Palumbo should have spent more time thinking about the business name to make it easy to brand the business. The third mistake that Palumbo made was developing a business based on a fad. While the company has survived for more than a decade, its revenues have dropped as soon as the trend of music it promoted became obsolete. What external forces affected his business in the beginning? The main external forces that affected the Ministry of Music during its inception were trends in the use of recreational drugs, security concerns, and the expansion of the music industry. When Palumbo opened the Ministry of Music, the use of recreational drugs was on the increase. The drugs had become a part of the dance culture in the UK. Ecstasy became very popular at the time, and its use was widespread among club-going youths. The demand for recreational drugs led to the emergence of drug gangs. The second force that affected the Ministry of Music was insecurity. The main source of insecurity was drug-related violence. The third force that affected the Ministry of Music was the stage of development of the music industry. There was a growing demand for futuristic music and club life, which enabled the Ministry of Music to grow very rapidly. How did his vision of Leadership and Management help overcome his difficulties?
Introduction Big Bottom Market is a small restaurant and specialty food store in Guerneville, California. Three entrepreneurs namely Volpatt, Larkin, and Luedtke own the business. Big Bottom Market combines a restaurant and a retail store. The restaurant’s name is derived from the once-booming logging town’s original name. Since its inception, the restaurant serves breakfast and lunch only. Currently, the restaurant depends heavily on season sales. Cash flow shows that sales during the busy summer months were strong. However, reduced sales during the off-season led the management to review its activities. This paper will analyze the case study and provide possible recommendations (BBM 1). Managing cash flow Big Bottom Market should introduce dinner to increase cash flow. Serving dinner would help the restaurant retain its customers. Moreover, it would increase the number of potential customers. Additionally, the business should market its services within and outside the town. Nearby customers should be targeted to help sustain the business during the off-season, while tourists should be targeted to boost the business during the season. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the ideas that the owners and their employees came up with to help Big Bottom Market survive the slow off-season Introducing food trucks in the area would advertise Big Bottom Market in the area thereby increasing their sales (Taylor 1). However, it will require more capital since they will need to buy the truck as well as maintain its operations. Offering catering services would be advantageous since it will add to the services provided. However, it will also require more staff and marketing which will need more investments. Opening for dinner would be suitable since it would help retain current customers. In addition, it would add value to the restaurant’s services since customers would be able to access most services under one roof. Nonetheless, opening for dinner would require additional investments (Grossman 1). Marketing to residents would be essential since it would help improve business during the off-season. However, marketing to residents alone may not address all their financial needs. Focusing on their signature would also boost sales but this also needs to be in combination with other changes. In essence, it would be recommendable that the business introduces dinner since it would be less costly in addition to retaining and attracting customers. Moreover, the business should promote its brand to keep afloat during the off-season. They should also focus on their signature to market their brand within and outside Guerneville. Other options the owners should consider to get through the slow off-season and The business should market its brand to the world to attract more tourists. Still, this would require resources. Again, the business should perform market research on the needs of customers. This would attract more customers since all their needs will be available. Nonetheless, this process will consume time and resources (Heizer and Render 45). Marketing strategy for Big
Abstract Background Saudi Arabia has in the last couple of decades experienced high nurse turnover in both public and private institutions. Indeed, several reasons have been given as to why the turnover rates are so high. One such reason is burnout. It is noteworthy that just like other regions in the world, Saudi Arabia suffers from small numbers of health personnel. Due to the shortage, many nurses and other health professionals are overworked. In turn, the affected nurses suffer from physical fatigue. On the same note, the RNs suffer from mental fatigue brought on by working in a highly stressful environment. The proposed research study tries to determine the ways in which burnout can be lowered among nurses in Saudi Arabia. To be more specific, the study aims at determining whether reflective learning can be used to reduce the chances of burnout experienced by nurses. Objectives The study will determine whether reflective learning can improve burnout among nurses managing cardiac patients in the coronary care unit of King Fahad Medical City in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods The research will employ a cross-sectional qualitative research methodology. The sample will consist of 15 nurses, who will be grouped into three focus groups, from King Fahad Medical City in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Significance The study is significant as it focuses on the core/root of the problem that causes burnout. In turn, it offers solutions for high health facility employee turnover and encourages better service delivery in hospitals. Introduction/Background The work pressures related to the daily Frontline role of staff nurses make them prone to stress and burnout. For this reason, reflective learning is increasingly becoming an effective intervention for enhancing resilience and understanding of professional practice for improved nurse and patient outcomes (Jack, 2017). The purpose of this evidence-based project is to evaluate the impact of the adaptation of reflective learning on nursing burnout in managing cardiac patients in a coronary care unit of King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Anecdotal evidence based on the statements of nurses providing clinical care at the unit formed the basis for this project. The staff nurses often complained of stress and burnout after their shifts at the KFMC’s coronary care unit. High levels of stress and burnout can affect the nurses’ performance and wellbeing. The genesis of nursing fatigue or burnout in nursing practice is ascribed to occupational stress, heavy workloads, low staffing ratios, and exposure to trauma/suffering (Khater, Akhu-Zaheya, & Shaban, 2014). Emotional/physical fatigue may arise due to heavy workloads. Burnout manifestations may be high in a coronary care unit because of the high exposure to trauma that causes emotional exhaustion (Khater et al., 2014). Therefore, the intensification of burnout among the staff nurses in KFMC’s coronary unit may be related to adverse survival prognosis, exposure to patient pain/mortality, and age (Jack, 2017). Burnout manifestations among the nurses included detachment and sadness. It is crucial f
Introduction Language teaching is inevitably associated with the implicit teaching of culture because the language does not exist separate from other external factors; it is integrated into the culture of societies and shows the values and beliefs of different communities. This means that language reflects the culture and has an influence on it. Regardless of the culture, learning a foreign language means learning about the ways of life in another culture (Paige et al., 2017, p. 1). As discussed in chapter three; culture is defined as a set of knowledge and characteristics of a particular group of people who share the same language, religion, conventions, social habits, and behaviors (Choudhury, 2014, p. 2; Spencer-Oatey, 2017, p.5). As a consequence, scholars pay careful attention to how the culture is presented in language textbooks as well as how undesirable cultural aspects have to be filtered for teaching languages in Libya (Al-Obaidi, 2015, p.6). The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the cultural contents of three levels of English for Libya textbooks to determine how culture is presented in these language textbooks. The analysis is based on the criteria outlined by Byram (1989) and by Dweikat and Shbeitah (2012) in their works. Criteria for the Analysis of Cultural Contents in English for Libya Textbooks Criteria for the analysis of cultural aspects in the textbooks are adapted from Byram’s list of cultural aspects that should be presented in educational materials as they contribute to learning languages with a focus on the cultural dimension (Byram, 1989, p.67). This list includes eight factors: social identity, social interaction, belief and behavior, social and political institutions, socialization, history, geography, as well as national identity, and stereotypes. It is noteworthy that some dimensions seem very similar or even overlapping, but the core concepts of these categories differ significantly. These similar aspects are social identity and social interaction. According to Byram (1989), social identity can be defined as “a part of an individual’s self-concept” that is based on this person’s “membership in a social group (or groups)” (p. 52). Whereas, social interaction is a multidimensional exchange between people that can modify people’s identities and tends to “serve as a basis for restructuring under the influence of new experience” (Byram, 1989, p. 109). In simple terms, the social identity is a set of an individual’s self-concepts while social interaction is the process that affects people’s identities. The criteria mentioned above were combined with Dweikat and Shbeitah’s cultural components with a focus on relations, customs, and traditions to Byram’s list of cultural aspects. Dwei