ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The presented case involves a highly sensitive area of social work. An infant was born with a variety of disorders that require expensive surgery, with a high chance of new disorders appearing in the future. The parents cannot pay for multiple surgeries and seek advice about what to do. This paper will provide an overview of this situation based on the ethical principles screen and advice that is based on it. Discussion The ethical principles screen consists of seven principles. The first is dedicated to the protection of life. This is the highest principle, and therefore any recommendation would have to be considerate of the infant’s life. The second principle is equality and inequality, which states that access to the services and treatment, should be equal. The third principle is autonomy and freedom. It emphasizes the people’s right to choose the course of their life. The fourth principle promotes the idea that an ethical choice would bring the least amount of harm to the people. Quality of life is the fifth principle, and it concerns the right to pursue the quality of life that people choose. The sixth principle is privacy and confidentiality which protects people’s private information from becoming public without consent. The final principle is truthfulness and full disclosure. It states that all the information provided to the client should be accurate and truthful (Corey, Corey, Corey, & Callanan, 2014). I believe that the most important principles for this case are the preservation of life, least harm, and truthfulness. A social worker cannot make a choice for their client, but they are responsible for delivering enough accurate information so that the clients may make an informed decision. In this case, I would focus on providing all the possible information about the conditions that their child experiences. Since they are unable to pay for all the surgeries, I would
Introduction High Performance Work Practices Organizational performance is an area that gained much attention within the past two decades. Different markets and sectors have become extremely competitive. This development compels firms to focus on the best practices that can foster performance and ensure superior products or services are available to more customers. The greatest predicament for many senior most leaders in corporations has been how to promote high performance behaviors or cultures. Wickramasinghe and Liyanage (2013) believe strongly that the right path towards establishing effective working environments should begin by understanding the diverse needs of different employees. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), high performance has been taken seriously than ever before. The number of companies implementing evidence-based strategies to maximize productivity has been on the rise. Most of the firms in the UAE promoting the use of these initiatives have managed to record positive results. This scenario shows conclusively that more entrepreneurs and managers in the UAE will be ready to implement similar practices in an attempt to achieve their objectives. The undertaken exercise was aimed at analyzing the frequency at which different firms in the UAE were adopting or embracing the power of high performance work practices (HPWPs). Arachchige and Robertson (2015) define HPWPs as human resource (HR) processes or initiatives aimed at empowering different employees to deliver the intended organizational aims. Unfortunately, many firms are yet to realize the benefits and gains associated with HPWPs (Arachchige & Robertson 2015). Many scholars acknowledge that the implementation of evidence-based practices is an evidence-based process capable of improving the welfare of more workers. The scheme can also maximize a firm’s productivity. It also creates room for effective decision-making, collaboration, and problem-solving, thereby fostering the concept of teamwork. Several HPWPs were associated with different firms in the region. The respondents indicated clearly that their corporations were keen to embrace the most appropriate workplace practices. In different firms, it was observed that the HPWP agenda was viewed as a managerial tool that has the potential to influence positive behaviors and increase business productivity. Arachchige and Robertson (2015) acknowledge that the use of these
Introduction Richardson, Sloan, Soliman, and Tuna attempt to investigate a linkage between the level of how significantly accruals are managed and how reliable they are to the earnings persistence. The general hypothesis is that the main difference between persistence observed in cash flow and persistence of accruals lies in the fact that the latter is affected by a greater amount of subjectivity. In other words, the implication is that the managers would be able to make the earnings seem smoother in their reports and to provide judgment about the future earnings and the level of cash flow. Two of the major concepts in terms of researching accounting documents are the relevance and reliability of the managerial accruals. While the former is in the center of the researchers’ attention, there is a possibility that the latter has a greater number of implications for defining the reasons and mechanisms of earnings management using managing accounting accruals. Richardson et al. also examine how the categorization of accruals is connected with earnings management and mispricing. It leads to analyzing how the persistence of earnings along with the associated mispricing in certain accruals will indicate the need to define the reliability of those accounting accruals. Research design The research is designed to rely on the hypothesis that the subjectivity of managers incorporated in assessing accounting accruals is an intermediate cause of the differences between the properties of those accruals and regular cash flow earnings, which eventually affects the persistence of earnings and stock prices. In other words, “accountants more typically refer to the degree of subjectivity involved in an accounting measurement in terms of the verifiability and reliability of the measurement” (Richardson et al. 445). Thus, it is important to develop and anticipate various scenari
Any economic system needs to make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources or inputs and maximize the output accordingly. Apart from that the decision to distribute the output among competing sections of society needs to be determined. In this context, the different economic systems like capitalism (pure market economy), communism (pure command economy) and socialism (mixed economy) adopt different mechanisms for the same. The classic question of economics is the “guns vs. butter” conundrum. This translates into how much of each to produce the benefits of the same. For instance, in capitalism, it is left to the market to determine who gets what and how much is produced and distributed. The premise of capitalism is the “market knows best” when it comes to determining these decisions and the “hidden hand” of the market is supposed to guide the decisions and restore equilibrium and balance. Communism works on the principle that state ownership of resources and methods of production is essential for the benefit of the common good. Thus, the decisions regarding the inputs and outputs and distribution mechanisms are made centrally and percolated down. This is also referred to as a “command and control” economy. The means of ownership is communal and profits for private individuals are absent and everyone gets paid uniformly. In Socialist societies, the state arrogates some parts of the allocation of resources decisions and leaves the others for private players. The rationale behind this is that there are some critical sectors like defense and production of essential goods that need state intervention for the benefit of the common good. Sources Dornbusch, Rudiger, & Fischer, Stanley (2004). Macroeconomics (p. 157, 558). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Abstract This study investigates the issue of coronavirus and how this phenomenon affects business intelligence systems regarding business innovation and entrepreneurship. Even though Covid-19 pandemic has become the most significant crisis in the modern world and has negatively influenced numerous life spheres, it is possible to mention a few positive effects. Thus, the paper analyzes the relevant literature and shows that short-term negative effects are followed by many positive ones. The approach of systematic review demonstrates that many studies address the given question and support the claim above. The findings reveal that the coronavirus stimulates individuals and businesses to mobilize their efforts to overcome the existing challenges in the spheres of business innovation and entrepreneurship. The present paper also discusses the study’s practical and theoretical implications for businesses in the near future. Introduction A coronavirus pandemic is one of the most significant events that has recently happened to the whole world. The outbreak started in Wuhan, China in 2019 and soon spread across the globe, affecting the people’s health and paralyzing numerous life spheres. The pandemic has introduced new phenomena, including social distancing, self-isolation, and quarantine, and it is challenging to state whether these preventive measures will eventually disappear in the near future. That is why millions of people from various countries suffer from the pandemic and its consequences. According to the information above, it is not a surprise that Covid-19 has affected every sphere of life, and business is not an exception. It is so because governments took appropriate measures to minimize social contacts to prevent the disease from spreading. Even though some industries suffered more than others, it is impossible to find an economic sector that has not been influenced by the coronavirus. The new world order makes firms and companies of all sizes and specialties look for adequate ways to address the current challenges. The necessity to respond to the unprecedented economic conditions makes businesses rely on innovations, which motivates their growth and development. That is why the principal aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of the coronavirus disease on business intelligence systems, drawing specific attention to business innovation and entrepreneurship. The Study Importance and Objectives The principal aim of the study is to identify how Covid-19 pandemic affects the business sphere in the whole world. The paper analyzes the existing literature to determine that the current
Introduction This case involves the sudden suicide of a young girl in an Australian school. Among the parties affected are school staff, friends, teachers, students and parents. They have many questions regarding why a young girl with a wonderful future would end up ending her life? They also feel great stress and need support from a therapist who is able to help them cope with this situation and their negative emotions as “the role of emotion in self-preservation is a central theme for all the survivors of complex trauma” (Wastell, 2005). As such, the needs of each individual should be addressed carefully, as well as the needs of the community as the whole. The school community involving all the parties mentioned above is the main client to this case study. The school staff is devastated by the fact that they may live to see another’s loss. It should be noted that they take care of the students and what happened to Anne could actually happen to another student. There is going to be lack of trust, especially from parents. When a child is in high school, the community believes that the parents pay school fees, and the teachers are the source of knowledge, and the staff members babysit the students, yet with such a ‘fine’ system a child ends up committing suicide. Moreover, the problems Anne went through were not addressed by the staff so the community will ultimately attack them, thus the staff will have to be more careful, next time they will need to have a watchful eye on the students. They should also interact socially so that a child suffering from a problem can entrust it to somebody so close to them like the janitor, unlike teachers who may exhibit fear, school staff does not. The teachers also have a very big burden, being the main providers of knowledge, the society expects them to understand psychological needs of the students. They should be able to read into a child’s mind and tell what he or she is going through. On the same note, they should be in a position to talk to the child and when they cannot handle the problem they forward the student to the school canceller who may take away the child’s burden. A student spends most of his/her time with the teacher not the parent and the staff, so its upon the teacher to take extra cushion in regard to what goes on in the mind of a student. Friends are the people closest to us and if they cannot tell when we are experiencing depression and stress then who can? Thus they are also to be blamed when a person decides to commit suicide. Whereas it takes long for an experienced shrink to get to know the secrets of a patient, a friend lives everyday experiencing these secret truths. In ca
Introduction Entrepreneurship is defined from different perspectives depending on the discipline and context where the definition is applied. Here, the general definition of entrepreneurship captures the core elements of “discovery, evaluation, exploitation of opportunities, and the organisation of markets that had not previously existed” (Bruton, Ahlstrom & Li 2010, p.34). Another definition is the “new firm formation and self-employment and the subsequent creation of new economic activities to exploit the opportunities”. On the other hand, the definition provided in the extract focuses on the “pursuit of opportunities beyond resources controlled” (Bruton, Ahlstrom & Li 2010, p.34). However, the congruence of both definitions with that extracted from the Harvard definition fall short of capturing all the elements of the definition of entrepreneurship, leading to the conclusion that the definition is useful for an individual entrepreneur. Pursuit According to the extracts from the definition, an entrepreneur is a person defined by a relentless and singular focus on an idea that is acceptable because it is consistent with the characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior. Kuratko (2013) contends that the element of singly focusing on the pursuit of opportunities by consuming limited resources efficiently and effectively makes one introduce more profits to an organisation, making the definition comprehensive about an entrepreneur. The definition fits well because entrepreneurs exist in different categories and each category is defined by various elements such as the personality of an individual, the background or environmental factors and the social processes that define what a person gets involved in, leading one to conclude that entrepreneurship is about pursuing opportunities. While the relentless focus is evidently a definition of an entrepreneur, a question arises on “what are the elements to focus on?” Here, an entrepreneur must first identify a “good idea” before even preparing themselves to focus and pursue the idea. How good an idea is, depends on the provision of answers to the core elements of entrepreneurship of “why, when, and how” opportunities arise and the type of entrepreneurial skills required to identify and pursue the opportunity. Here, it is important to filter out what should be focused on although the Harvard definition fails to capture in the definition the initial phase of the core elements of “discovery, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities” in the context of being a risk-taker and the ability to combine innovation and pro-activeness. In addition, the pursuit of opportunities in an environment that is defined by a sense of urgency is an appropriate definition of an entrepreneur. However, a question arises as to “why should the opportunities be limited to the sense of urgency?” when critically evaluated, the statement provides a definition that narrows the entrepreneur to one who already has ideas that enables them to respond urgently to an opportunity using readily available and
Goals of Basel I and II The Basel committee was established in the 70s by ten countries with the aim of streamlining operations of the banks. The committee established a minimum capital requirement for financial institutions in member countries. The establishment of minimum capital requirement was aimed at reducing the risks associated with credit. The establishment of Basel I was in response to the decline in the capital held by financial institutions. As a result, it developed a number of goals aimed at improving the banking sector within member countries. The committee intended to introduce a minimum ratio of capital of 8% based on the risk-weighted assets (Tatom 465). The Basel I committee also categorized borrowers based on their level of risks. This was aimed at protecting financial institutions from defaulters. The first Basel accord also provided a platform for information exchange within the banking sector. Accomplishing this goal would enhance credit access and reduce the risks associated with defaulting. Risk management within banks was poor prior to the Basel I report and recommendation. The committee improved risk management practices within these banks. The accomplishment of this goal provided an enabling environment for banks to supervise credit services and lower risks on credit. Basel II is the second banking supervisory recommendations that the committee provided. While Basel I concentrated on credit risk within the banking sector, the second recommendations focused on capital limits. The committee intended to establish a minimum capital requirement for financial institutions in member countries. The second Basel accord improved the capital base of financial institutions. This was achieved by setting aside a certain minimum capital to reduce risks incurred by banks. Banks are exposed to risks associated with poor investment decisions and lending practices. What Basel II failed to address Despite the goals and recommendation of Basel II, it failed to address a number of issues in the financial sector. The main goal of the second committee was to create a safe banking environment. The committee foresaw a safe banking environment due to the presence of a minimum reserve maintained by banks. However, Basel II failed to protect banks and financial institutions from risky lending and investment behaviors. The financial crisis was attributed to the failure of Basel II to safeguard banks against losses. Representation at Basel II committee can also be attributed to the failure of its recommendation to safeguard the financial institutions. Before 2008, the Basel committee had no representatives from the developing world. Observer status was only granted to members of the European Union and the European central banks. This affected uniform adoption and implementation of the recommendations of Basel II by most countries. Though the Basel committee makes inclusive recommendations to
In the article ‘Title IX’ by Karen Stabiner, the author looks into the parameters of gender differences in education armed by the fundamental thesis that there is a basic dissimilarity between boys and girls in the parameters of a psychological approach to education. However, it should be noted that all the arguments presented by the author are generally agreeable but the context of the fundamental approach to the text i.e. psychological differences appears to be pragmatic in nature as there is no hard scientific evidence in support of this specific thesis. As a result, it would be relevant to mention that on a personal note the basic formulation of the author cannot be agreed upon. Otherwise, the entire text is well supportable. The author mentions that there is a specific amount of gender discrimination on the issue of co-education and in this context, it is true that such discrimination exists. In accordance with the author, there should be a balanced approach towards the education of boys and girls. She argues in favor of single-sex education by mentioning that studies have “stood as a blunt challenge to the traditionally coeducational public school system” (Stabiner, p. 9). However, the nature of this study is more sociological than scientific and as the basic differences are pointed out as differences in brain activity between boys and girls it should have been backed by scientific-analytical reports. This argument is followed by the implementation of the Federal rule of ‘Title IX’. Title IX barred single-sex educational initiatives back in the year 1972. It becomes very agreeable when the author mentions, “it was because gender discrimination was rampant” (Stabiner, p. 9), and thus, the implementation was necessary. This was a fall out of the Civil Rights movements and as a result “Activists who came of age in the 1960s have always resisted attempts to tamper with Title IX” (Stabiner, p. 5). However, the approach of the author becomes completely agreeable when she mentions that “things were either equal or not equal” (Stabiner, p. 5) and not “substantially equal” (Stabiner, p. 5) as the authority stated. This is because there cannot be any half measures of inequality. As a result, to make the girls academically competitive with the boys it is essential to provide a situation that would be beneficial for the female students. The author also indicates that there is no substantial evidence that single-se
The debate about the feasibility of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is controversial to this day. Bombing advocates tend to explain their position by arguing that the use of atomic weapons prevented the continuation of World War II and direct incursions, in which, according to statistics, many more people would die (Selden & Selden, 2015). In addition, the refusal of Japanese troops to surrender and Japan’s “all-out war” have also been put forward as arguments in favor of the bombing that stopped the atrocities of the “all-out war” of Japanese soldiers in China and ended the war in general. However, in my opinion, the use of such weapons, even in such conditions, does not justify the United States for several reasons. First, the use of atomic weapons fundamentally carries with it at the moment the highest degree of barbarism and the grave consequences of its use. The cost of human lives determines the immorality of this weapon and the severe illnesses of the survivors, the high level of radiation at the site of the bombings, and, accordingly, the inability to use this territory for life or anything else. Second, the military necessity of using atomic weapons has not been proven. There is a point of view that Japan’s surrender would be inevitable very shortly. No wonder further agreements of many countries prohibited nuclear weapons since this is a hazardous type of weapon. Many famous personalities interpreted these bombings as crimes against humanity, state terrorism, or war crimes. Even though these episodes made it possible to end the Second World War, they led to the death of hundreds of thousands of people, including peaceful, unprotected, and uninterested in the war. Any opportunity to decide the outcome of the war in a more relaxed way, the existence of even a slight chance of reducing the number of victims ultimately outweigh