Case study Steve needs to make some fast money. He meets an old friend, Bob, on a recent trip to Thailand who invites him to join him in his importation business, Bob’s Dog Food. Steve soon discovers that Steve’s ‘business’ involves importing heroin in packaged dry dog food but agrees to become Bob’s partner in the enterprise. He is soon making monthly ‘business’ trips to Thailand to organize consignments. The Australian Federal Police (AFP) have become suspicious of Steve and Bob’s activities for some time and believe that Steve intends to bring in a particularly large consignment. In a joint Australian/Thailand operation, an undercover operative makes contact with Steve, arranging for him to organize the shipping of 60 kgs heroin. The heroin is supplied by the Thai government and both Customs services have been warned to allow Steve and the shipment of dog food through. On arrival, X rays of the goods reveal small packages amongst loose dry dog food. The goods are then transferred to a truck, which is driven by Steve. The AFP follows the truck to the rear of a building, where they intercept Steve as he begins to unload the goods. When the police open the packaged dog food, however, they discover that the small packages contain saffron- a very expensive spice. The AFP then searches the building and find a small crop of hydroponic cannabis in a small room. The room is locked but the police find the key in Steve’s possession. There are 50 plants. The building is the storage facility for bob Dog Food and is owned by Bob’s uncle. What Offences Could Steve be Charged With Under State and Federal Legislation? Under federal drug offenses, Steve could be charged with the illegal importation of drugs into Australia. This violates the SDO Act. The present Act is an updated version of the Customs Act that was repealed in 2005. Under the Customs Act, the trafficking or importation of drugs is a serious offense, as spelled out by section 9.1 of the Commonwealth Criminal Code. Under the export/import offenses, Steve could be charged with a violation of this law because he was found in possession of unlawful substances, in this case, heroine. Australia’s law on drug trafficking stipulate that possession of drugs include “control, of custody of a substance that has been classified as harmful drug” (Australian drug Foundation, 2011). This means that possessions are defined as having drugs with oneself or in the custody of personal property. This charge can only be dropped if it is proved in a court of law that the drug (especially) the one in a person’s property did not belong to the person and the person did not know that there were drugs in their property. The Australian National Drug Strategy gives a universal structure regarding drug offenses, drug problems as well as other associated penalties at the territorial or state jurisdiction level. One of the most important features of the Australian drug laws that need to be taken into consideration is the application of provisions that disregards the conventional principle. For instance, the 1986 Drugs Misuse Act (Queensland) holds a “deeming provision” about any offense associated with the possession of illegal