ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many companies strive to ensure their cybersecurity is under control by implementing the latest technology to protect systems and networks. However, even after integrating protection from cyberthreats, it is important to be confident in the ability to protect company systems from hackers. As a result, a cyber maturity assessment is critical to successful vulnerability and breach detection. Cybersecurity maturity is the capability and degree of readiness of an organization to mitigate threats and vulnerabilities from hackers. Padgett-Beale Financial Services can achieve an effective cybersecurity program by using a compliance-based management approach. Compliance management can refer to processes that ensure individuals or employees follow the required standards and rules (Garrett, 2018). Padgett-Beale Financial Services must choose the appropriate framework and standards, determine required regulations and laws to comply with, and identify the best practices for maturity assessment to achieve an impenetrable cybersecurity management program. Analysis Frameworks And Standards to Use When companies develop cybersecurity plans, they must consider the standards or framework to use in their information technology management program. Padgett-Beale Financial Services can utilize the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) framework while developing its cybersecurity management program. The NIST framework can be a powerful tool for organizations to improve and organize their cybersecurity programs (Christopher et al., 2014). It provides best practices and guidelines to assist a company like Padgett-Beale Financial Services in creating and enhance its cybersecurity management. The NIST framework can help Padgett-Beale Financial Services to better prepare in detecting and identifying cyber-attacks and offers guidance on how to recover from, prevent, and respond to cyber threats. The NIST cybersecurity framework will be important to Padgett-Beale Financial Services for various reasons. Firstly, the company will no longer be concerned about unseen vulnerabilities and risks. Secondly, the firm will have access to the correct asset inventories that need protection (Calder, 2018). Therefore, the framework can enable Padgett-Beale Financial Services to leverage the knowledge of professionals who have handled similar cybersecurity risks. Compliance in the financial industry is extremely important; therefore, Padgett-Beale Financial Services should follow the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS) in the creation of a cybersecurity management program. PCI DSS refers to global standards that stipulate how an organization should handle information on credit cards. For Padgett-Beale Financial Services to comply with PCI DSS, it must
Columbian Exchange With the expanding European colonization and increasing trade between the ‘Old’ and ‘New’ worlds, both realms experienced significant changes in their diet and lifestyle. The two continents exchanged plants, animals, people, and diseases – the process known as the Columbian Exchange. Although such economic interaction overall was more beneficial for Europeans than for indigenous Americans, the new commodities were successfully adapted by local societies and could shape the future of many (if not all) nations. The Exchange of Plants Firstly, both hemispheres were introduced to plants previously unknown. In this regard, Europe and Africa started consuming and cultivating maize, potatoes, various kinds of beans, peanuts, tomatoes, pineapples, and papayas, to name a few. On the other hand, indigenous Americans imported rice, wheat, coffee, olives, wine grapes, and some other edibles. Sooner or later, all the novel plants became common and even started playing a central role in national cuisines. For instance, tomatoes in Italy, chili peppers in India and Korea, and paprika in Hungary are those countries’ culinary centerpieces nowadays. However, the introduction of the new plants sometimes also had adverse effects on local ecosystems. In particular, Cusack (2020) states that the widespread of wheat in the North American prairies for agricultural purposes led to a significant reduction in the number of bison herds. Therefore, it can be argued that food and plant globalization had both positive and negative consequences. The Exchange of Animals Both domains across the Atlantic also enlarged the number of animal species present. The varieties new to the ‘Old’ world included alpaca, iguana, flying squirrel, catfish, rattlesnake, and armadillo, whereas the ‘New’ world was introduced with horses, cattle, and sheep, goats, and pigs. However, seemingly Native Americans could benefit more from this type of biological diversity as European animals were actively used for breeding and food, while horses facilitated hunting and provided warfare advantages. The Exchange of Diseases Conversely, in terms of diseases, it can be argued that indigenous people in America suffered much more than their European and African counterparts. While the latter only “imported” syphilis, the latter encountered such deadly bacteria and viruses as smallpox, bubonic plague, malaria, and yellow fever for the first time. For this reason, according to researchers’ estimates, European diseases caused the death of 80
Inception of Bankruptcy Bankruptcy is a path of lawfully affirm lack of ability of an individual or a business to payback their creditors, and Article- 1, Section- 8, and Clause-4 of US Constitution had authorized the Congress to endorse homogeneous Laws for Bankruptcy all over the US. Jones argued that the reaffirmation of a debt by a debtor is finding the way to escape him from the creditor and it is at the very spirit of what that debtor is looking for by filing a bankruptcy proceeding within chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code and it is true for all consumer debtors (8). The intention of such consumer debtor is to find a discharge order that would be issued by a Bankruptcy Court after successful completion of the case to have a fresh start. Under the present recessionary economy, it is observed that increasing numbers of reaffirmation agreements are filing in the courts rather than ever before. Thus, it is essential to investigate the reason for such greater than ever increasing reaffirmation agreements and to query whilst the reaffirmation agreement filing is carried out properly and what the consumer debtors are willing to accomplish by filing the case. The reaffirmation agreement under Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2005 is a new-fangled contract signed between a consumer debtor and creditor that reaffirm the debts as well as personal liability of the consumer debtor from the obligation, which must be approved by the court though there is provision to revoke within sixty days by the consumer deb
Introduction In the story of “the cask of amontillado” by Edgar Poe, we see the premeditated murder by the protagonist in this case Montresor (Richard, 20). Montresor wanted to take revenge on his friend Fortunato -an Italian name meaning the fortunate one- who he claimed had repeatedly insulted him. On the day of the carnival Montresor goes looking for Fortunato and finds him a bit tipsy and it is then that he tells him of how he had acquired a rare kind of amontillado –a French sherry- and he wanted his assistance because he, Fortunato was a connoisseur of fine wine. Fortunato immediately agreed to the offer dismissing the fact that he was busy and Montresor was not to go to Luchesi, his competitor for the task. On reaching Montresor’s vault, all the workers dismissed for the day, is where Montresor leads Fortunato to his death without suspicion, on the way he offers him wine and appears concerned when he starts coughing. On reaching the place Montresor manages to tie Fortunato to a stone and burry’s him alive, Fortunato calls out to his murderer and when Montresor is through he calls out his friend’s name and when there is no reply. He lights a torch and suddenly feels sick in his heart. He recounts half a century now without being discovered. Poe’s realistic convention Poe can bring a realistic convention in his story by use of dialogue and how in the first part Montresor talks of vengeance and we see how he approaches Fortunato and convinces him. There is also the feeling of reality when he shows a feeling of concern toward Fortunato as they proceed to the vault when he starts coughing and he keeps telling Fortunato that maybe they should go back. When Montresor burry’s Fortunato alive and he starts to call out to him to stop joking then calls out to him again, here the feeling of fear is well brought out towards demise and lastly is when Montresor is finished replacing the stone that he suddenly feels sick, that captures the guilt he feels for murdering Fortunato, even though he puts it on the dumbness of the catacombs, he knows exactly what is the reason for the sudden feeling. Poe’s commentary on society Writing the tale “cask of amontillado” is a way of Poe trying to comment about the society at large, without having to point at fingers. The actions and words used are a symbol of what characterizes society and what it is made of. In the first section where Montresor thinks of the “a thousand insults” he had taken from his Italian friend Fortunato, he can only think of nothing but revenge and starts premeditating on it. This shows how society today seeks revenge on wrong deeds upon them. In the tale a lot of hypocrisy is also reflecte
Introduction Religion has been one of the primary subjects of controversy ever since ancient times. Moreover, religion-related arguments can be found in any society or culture at any point in human history. Being quite a sensitive and intimate topic for many individuals, religion often becomes the source of arguments and conflicts. The society is divided into two general groups – the opponents of religion and its proponents. The former state that people were created by God, the latter argue that Gods, as well as religions, were invented by humans for cognitive purposes. Even though the argument persists till today, the pro-religious side has many strong arguments, however, there is a substantial body of research that supports the idea that religions carry out specific cognitive, political, and social purposes and are the tools necessary for a human mind to comprehend and the mysterious world around and thus were created by people artificially. Analysis Religion is viewed as a tool necessary for the survival of the human population throughout centuries (Nickels, 2008). First of all, scholars point out the fact that religious beliefs are well-spread throughout the whole world and can be found in any human society (Pyysiainen & Hauser, 2009). Besides, religious beliefs have been in place for many centuries; older worldviews were replaced by the newer ones, but a certain dominant set of values and religious ideas has always been present in any society regardless of an era. While theology focuses on the explorations of various norms and values within different religions and their evolution over the course of history, sociology concerns with the role of religion in the development and evolution of the human society (Beyers, 2010). Namely, religion is perceived as one of the major factors that facilitated the establishment of civil society (Beyers, 2010). At the same time, the nature of religion itself is a meaningful question that many scientists attempt to answer using logical reasoning, critical thinking, and the scientific findings in the spheres of social development, biology, and cognitive evolution of a human brain. The groups of scientists who explore this issue are recognized as secular-based theorists (evolutionary biologists, sociologists, some philosophers) The first argument used by the supporters of secula
Company Description Apple organization was established by Steve Jobs and Steve Wojniak in the year 1976 and integrated in February 1977. The company’s head office is located at Cupertino. The present CEO is Tim Cook. Apple Company chiefly engaged in sector associated with computer accessories and consumer electronic appliances. Apple Inc. Chiefly develops, fabricates and promotes products that vary from handy digital entertainment systems, mobile communication gadgets, personal computers and diverse associated software, service, secondary, and social network systems. The major distribution avenues are the Apple’s electronic shops, direct selling, and others. In addition, the clients vary from users, organizations, small and medium enterprise, trade, education, government and innovative consumers. The company presently has more than 35,000 workers and expansion of approximately 63%. Based on financial period ending report of August 2011, the organization had generated total income of $32.5 million, gross income of $11.1 million, net profit of $4.8 million, total asset amount of $41 million and indicates expansion of about 35% for 12 month expansion and approximately 38% of revenue increase (Hunger & Wheelen 2012). Regarding vision the company is guided by view that man is the creator of change in this universe and therefore, man ought to be above any system and structure, and not inferior to this system and structure. Concerning mission Apple is dedicated to creating the best individual computing exposure to learners, teachers, innovative specialists and users worldwide through its creative software, hardware and internet-based applications (Apple in education 2008). Apple Internal Analysis Apple Company creates a disparity in the personal computer (PC) sector via its creative merchandise design and high level utilizations. Macintosh has been the strong instrument in building the performance episode of Apple Inc. The “incorporated framework” of PC was Apple’s distinguished strategy which supported the Macintosh together with its individual operating system (OS). The fresh stride in “User Electronic Sector” has outperformed the company’s success as a smart organization. The creative goods such as iPhone and iPod have been extremely effective in prospective entertainment marketplace. Consumers have an enormous confidence on Apple’s smart items and they constantly look forward to be steadfast to the various brands. The co
Introduction Chronic diseases that have to be fought by different patients cause many troubles for doctors. Some ailments are not easy to diagnose, and some have a long and complicated course of treatment. Today, one of the illnesses that still worries many patients is chronic kidney disease developing in people of different age and sex. Timely intervention and the search for appropriate treatment can help to reduce the impact of the ailment on the human body, and the use of various methods to combat the disease can be effective in finding the best course of treatment. Clinical Presentation of Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease is a prolonged progressive decrease in renal function. According to Delles and Vanholder (2017), symptoms develop slowly and include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and other unpleasant manifestations. Diagnosis is based on laboratory tests of renal function, which is sometimes supplemented with the kidney biopsy. Treatment is primarily aimed at the underlying disease but also includes the normalization of water and electrolyte balance, the restoration of erythropoietin level in anemia, dialysis, and transplantation (Delles & Vanholder, 2017). With more severe renal failure, neuromuscular symptoms may appear. Concomitant diseases accompanying chronic kidney disease are pericarditis, peptic ulcer, arterial hypertension. Features of Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis In patients with a family history of kidney disease, such visualization studies as ultrasound should be performed. Anemia, which is typical for the ailment, causes weakness and decreased exercise tolerance. Therefore, a series of exercises aimed at testing the activity of patients can be useful in determining the type and stage of the illness. Also, as Belcher et al. (2014) note, the disease should be identified by conducting screening studies because, for many years, the ailment can flow without objective or subjective symptoms. Appropriate clinical tests can help identify a dangerous illness at an early stage and reduce possible dangerous manifestations. Implications of Potential Treatment Options Medical intervention can be based on the use of different methods of treatment. Thus, for example, Barnett et al. (2014) mention the correction of diet as one of the ways
The American West has always been a notable area both domestically and internationally because of its nature, people, and unique culture. In his essay titled “Understanding Western Places,” William Wyckoff explores six major topics which relate to the American West, and these themes can enrich one’s understanding of the historical region. The three main topics described by Wyckoff include human-land relationships, the making of the cultural landscape, and cultural diversity in the West. The human-land relationship theme explored by Wyckoff concerns the connection between the people of the American West and its environment. The West of the United States constitutes a region with diverse environments which enable people to adjust to them differently. For instance, some localities have an extensive presence of extractive industries such as lumbering which ultimately impact the landscape of the region (Wyckoff 30). There are also large areas of the American West belonging to the federal agencies which impose their land management policies and thus influence the life of the local residents. Additionally, the region has a high number of national parks, such as Yosemite National Park, which every year attract thousands of tourists who not only enjoy nature but also bring change to it. Essentially, people living and visiting the American West and the region’s environment have always influenced each other. The second topic is the forming of the cultural landscape of the American West, which involves assessing various elements of human activities in t
Introduction Since the Columbine school shooting, discussion about the gun industry has grown exponentially heated. Hundreds of people, including children, have been killed by people who were able to legally buy weapons and receive training on how to use them without any issue. However, the gun industry is a business, and like any other business, it revolves around profit. To avoid government regulation that would decrease these profits, a strong anti-regulation organization called the National Rifle Association (NRA) was created. Their efforts have been extremely effective in preventing gun control laws from being passed. With the recent public outcry against the industry however, gun manufacturers are experiencing a downturn and a significant loss of their market share. I believe that it is one of the most important topics of the last few years because it shows a clear conflict between business and ethics. This paper will examine an article by Aaron Smith, “A Cloud Hangs over the Gun Industry,” and analyze how it relates to the Ten Principles of Economics, as well as review scholarly articles on this topic. Summary Smith outlines the current condition of the gun industry after the mass shooting at a Florida high school ignited a series of teacher strikes and student protests. He shows that the market shares of companies like American Outdoor Brands, Vista Outdoor, and Sturm Ruger have been fal
The other name for bipolar disorder is Manic-depressive illness. This disease specifically causes the patient to experience extra ordinary changes in mood, strength, levels of concentration, and the ability to execute daily tasks (Kato, 2007). Unless the disease has been diagnosed, it is difficult to identify the symptoms. Therefore, the infected person is constantly in conflicts with the people who interact with him/her. For instance, such persons can barely be in a stable relationship for a considerable period. Moreover, they seem to be in a habit of engaging in intense arguments at their places of work. This is probably because they cannot fully concentrate on what they are doing at a particular time. Symptoms Bipolar disorder is common in persons under the age of 25 years. However, there are situations that have been reported involving patients who are in their sun set years and others who are considered too young to contract this condition such as children below the age of ten years (Miklowitz, 2008). Bipolar disorder is considered a long-term condition that often begins gradually because it can take up to 10 years before the symptoms are visible. Usually, symptoms are only uncovered through diagnosis. This implies that bipolar disorder falls into the category of diseases such as diabetes and heart condition, which need to be managed throughout the affected person’s lifetime (Serretti & Mandelli, 2008). Bipolar patients experience irregular mood swings that range between exaggerated amusement and sadness (Srivastava & Ketter, 2010). This means that the patient can be extremely happy in one minute and the next minute the person looks dull. Such people are easily irritated and hence, should be handled with a lot of care and understanding. These mood swings are not influenced by the events that are going on in their surroundings because their sadness or joy cannot be linked to anything. For instance, under normal circumstances, people laugh because something funny has been done or said, but to bipolar patients, joy and sadness alternate without a justifiable reason (Miklowitz, 2008). Likewise, persons suffering from bipolar disorder tend to speak very fast during conversations like there is a matter of urgency. When they embark on making a statement, they hardly finish putting their point across because they encounter numerous distractions in their minds that cause them to divert from the topic of discussion (Kieseppa et al., 2004). At the end of their convers