ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction As nature has always been, man has remained selfish in all decision making processes and that is why he allocates more to the present time compared to the allocations he makes for the future generations. As of the present time, there has not been sustainable use of water in the whole world. Thus, with the increased use of water and the reduction of water flow and availability (due to global warming and unpredictable weather conditions) the world is headed to extinction if care is not taken or rather if a product which could compliment water is not discovered. The overuse of our water resource has resulted in degradation of the environment we are living in; since we have been using water in higher rates than we can replace it. With the pollution and degradation of water being among the major challenges facing our water resources we need to find ways in reducing or controlling the challenges. Most people divide water resources into two i.e. the surface water resource and the ground water resource where each part is dependent on the other due to the hydrological cycle, as it is understood. Under the two subcategories lie the streams, lakes, wells, aquifers, reservoirs, and ground water among others. An Overview of Our Water Resources over the Last 100 Years, Significant Changes, and Their Impacts on the Role of Water Resources Over the last 100 years, drastic changes on how our water resources are used have been witnessed; with the increased use of water there have been changes in our water resources characteristics with the main attribute being quality and quantity. Water Quality The quality of our water resources depends on many factors that include but not limited to; flows, the rate and the timing of run offs, and the ability of water sheds to assimilate wastes and other impurities contained in water. With the increased water uses and environmental degradation higher flows of water reduces the pollutants concentration
This research paper explores the subject of sleeping disorders, their causes, treatment if any, effects, as well as how they affect a professional athlete. Inorder to cover the above issues explicitly the paper has been divided into four main parts namely: Introduction, Types of Sleep Disorders, General Effects and Effects of Sleep Disorders on a professional athlete, and the conclusion. In the introduction part the paper provides an overview of sleep and sleep disorders. This part describes sleep and also sleeping disorders. Under types of sleep disorders’ section, the paper describes some common occurring sleep disorders, their causes/effects as well as treatment or control measures available. This section also gives special attention to cancer patients suffering from sleep disorders, their diagnosis and treatment. The effects section deals with general effects of sleep disorders as to the patient and the society at large. This section is further narrowed to how these disorders affect a professional athlete. The last part, the conclusion, attempts to summarize the findings contained in this paper in one paragraph. Introduction Sleep should not be construed to be ‘time out’ from the day’s activities. However, it is an active event significant for revitalizing one’s mental as well as physical health each day. Therefore, it is an essential aspect of life just as food, air and water are. The significance of sleep did not even escape the attention of writers such as Shakespeare when he described it as ‘Balm of hurt minds, great nature’s second course, and chief nourisher in life’s feast’. Until 1930’s sleep was a mysterious occurrence to the world of scientists (Coleman, 1986). Moreover, the subject of sleep gained recognition after this period with scientists employing the use of electroencephalogram (EEF) to measure the brain’s electrical activity in sleeping subjects (Coleman, 1986). This was done through observing amplitude of activity in the brain of a sleeping subject. It was then that a breakthrough was availed depicting these biological tempos naturally to fall into different states, stages as well as cycles. This led to the conclusion that instead of being a quite and peaceful period of rest and resuscitation as everyone would be tempted to construe of it, sleep is in deed an intricate as well as an active kind of activity. While one is asleep a number of biochemical, physiological in addition to psychological events are seen to be continuously taking place (Dement, 1992). Sleep consists of distinct phases: REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep phase and NREM (Non-REM) sleep phase. Dreaming takes place during the REM sleep which is considered to be the phase involving brain activity. NREM is the quiet, restful phase of sleep (Coleman, 1986). Sleep is a cyclic trend with alternating periods of REM and NREM. REM period occurs 4 to 5 times during the night accounting for 25% of the total nights’ sleep (Dement, 1992). Failure to get the necessary sleep needed by a person leads to a build up
The importance of amendments to the United States Constitution Any written constitution has to describe clearly the method or process to be used in amending it (Bent, 2007). It is seen as a very significant aspect of all written constitutions. The constitution depends upon the process of amendment to guarantee personal freedom and the nature of the adaptability of the constitution. In this regard, no constitution is possibly considered complete if such aspects are absent. The human generation has to continue growing as time moves, and if no provision is put in place for constitutional modification as needed, they will regress. The constitution should be a vehicle of life. If it has provisions to easily amend it through a process that allows for political freedom, no conflict can arise between real conditions as well as a legal organization. However, a simple process of amending the constitution creates instability as a trivial smack in popular belief may alter the ultimate custom of the government (Bruns, 2010). Where on the other divide, the constitution is not easy to amend if the political freedom does not have the path to show its will, some repercussions might occur. First, extra-legal organizations which are strengthened by public opinion may develop. For instance, as is with the election of a president of the US. The constitution has provisions for indirect elections. It has transitioned to a direct one without even having to make amendments to the constitution. Besides, if extra-legal organizations are stopped from developing, the repercussion would be an open rebellion. The constitution needs to function both in the environment it was created and years later. Therefore, it has to be able to adapt to fresh situations as they come up. Similarly, a constitution that is drafted properly has to have a provision for its amendment in such a manner as to anticipate, as far as is mortally plausible, any radical disturbances. Different countries adopt varying processes of amending the constitution. In the United States, an interim body can be formed to spearhead the amendment of the constitution. The amendment in question can be brought up through a voting majority of two-thirds in the houses of congress and should be passed. However, it can be done differently in a situation where the congress agrees to a process that follows legislations in the three-quarter majority or conventions of the same measure of all the federal states in the nation. Another well-known device is the referendum. It aims at focusing the amendments to the people for endorsement. It is attributed t
It is important to note that the literature of the Middle Ages was largely influenced by Christian beliefs. Poets often resorted to biblical stories and symbols. They often tried to glorify major Christian values providing various parallels. Thus, the poem Pearl can be regarded as a kind of didactic narrative based on the Book of Revelation. It is possible to trace several parallels between the poem and the Book of Revelation: numerical symbolism, the idea of people’s resignation and the idea of revelation. Due to these three parallels, the poem can be regarded as a medieval symbolic periphrasis of the Book of Revelation. In the first place, it is necessary to note that the poem is triadic in form (Lambdin and Lambdin 96). Thus, there are three settings: factual garden where the knight is looking for his pearl, the garden in his dream where he speaks with the Lady and the view of the New Jerusalem. Thus, Lambdin and Lambdin state that the garden where the knight is talking with the Lady is a setting-within-a-setting, and that the New Jerusalem serves as a setting-within-a-setting-within-a-setting because the dreamer views it from a position within the first dream landscape. (96) Admittedly, the number three has a great significance in the Christian culture. This number stands for the Trinity: the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Of course, the use of the number in the poem of the Middle Ages is not surprising as many poets of that time resorted to this number. One of the best examples of this tradition is the number of trials the main characters, knights, had to complete. There always were three victories to be achieved. Nonetheless, the poem under consideration is rather unique as the author exploits the number in such a specific way. Thus, the author creates three dimensions where the protagonist has to find himself to reach the truth. These three dimensions can also be associated with the Trinity as they represent the humanness, spirituality and the divine truth. The protagonist has to spend some time in the three dimensions to find his pearl which stands for the divine truth: “Where dwells that dearest, as I ween, / My precious pearl without a spot” (Tolkien 125). It is but natural that he perceives the truth at the end of his journey throughout the three dimensions. Apart from the numerical symbolism, it is possible to trace the influence of the Book of Revelation in terms of the idea of human’s resignation. In fact, this idea is central to Christianity as major postulates of Christianity are concerned with people’s resignat
Topic Name and Description Name Jerry’s Life. Description This website acts as not only a blog about the life of Jerry through the years but also details the various pranks, gags and ridiculous misadventures of Jerry as he tries to anger, irritate, annoy and otherwise aggravate everybody around him. All of Jerry’s misadventures have been recorded via tiny video cameras that have been strategically placed in various locations to show the shock, outrage and expletive filled rants of Jerry’s victims for the enjoyment of viewers all around the world. Target Audience Age 16 – 23. Gender Primarily male but can encompass females as well. Justification The reason this specific audience is being targeted is due to the fact that the information found on the site is highly amateurish. As such, the site’s main goal is to entertain people through a look at Jerry’s life and by presenting various types of videos in what can only be described as “cheap comedy”. It is based on this that the viewer demographic is isolated primarily to individuals who are in high school and college since they are able to better relate and find the content entertaining as compared to individuals of younger or older demographics who would either be unable to understand the inherent hilarity of the pranks or would find the content far too immature and thus would not be entertained in the least. Competitive Analysis Analysis of Good Sites The first site to be analyzed which is owned and operated by French prankster Remi Gaillard. The content of the site primarily focuses on the various pranks he pulls off within France and other international locations. Overall, the look of the site is quite simple with a bland grayish blue-gray background, however, since the site has a selection of his videos already present via thumbnails on the front of the site itself along with a very easy to navigate menu section this enables visitors to easily browse the content of his website making it a good starting point for the design of Jerry’s site. Similar to the design of nimportequi.com, resents a variety of user submitted prank videos through an easily accessible search interface located at the top of the page. The home page itself contains a vertical list of the latest videos submitted with a rather simple gray and blue background which makes it easy to view the videos. What is good about this website is that it has a far better method of categorization as compared to the site of Remi. This site features the pranks of a couple named Nikki and John. Overall, the site utilizes a standard Word press based design with several sets of vertical and horizontal thumbnails highlighting the various prank videos the couple have created. With a simple white and gray backdrop the site design does seem like an idea method of easily presenting videos without the fuss of having to design something from scratch. Analysis of Bad Sites While this website is one of the most visited sites in the world the fact remains that its seems far too complicated a format to utilize for just a personal site. It is doubtfu
Introduction Most organizations in the modern-day world operate in very dynamic conditions. The business environment has over the recent past proved to be one that is volatile, and in effect, organizations can no longer sit and relax, thinking that all is well. Organizations operate in both internal and external environments (Richard & Devinney, 2009). Therefore, they need to carry out their operations in such a way that they take advantage of the opportunities presented by the external environment. If not managed well, the external environment may present some factors that the businesses may not be able to cope with, therefore, affecting their operations (Tan & Nasurdin, 2011). This may lead to poor performance or even in extreme cases, closure of the business. This paper discusses the issues that an organization faces considering its external factors. The paper touches on the challenges faced by the Coca-cola company in its quest to remain the world leader in the production and distribution of beverages. External environment analysis Any organization which is keen to remain relevant in the modern-day business environment ought to carry out external environmental analysis regularly. This analysis reveals the various external factors that it operates under and the threats and opportunities presented by the factors (Venkatraman & Prescott, 1990). If a company properly discerns its external factors, it can take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats. Therefore, remain ahead of the competitors. An analysis of any company’s external environment reveals these five external elements that affect the company; political, economic, social, technological and legal. This can be achieved by carrying out the PESTEL analysis in the quest to ascertain the SWOT study of a company (Rahim, 2011). These factors are the elements that the organization is usually not in control of and as such, it ought to manage its affairs to fit in the environment. Many companies, however, often encounter challenges associated with these external factors. One of the challenges faced by an organization is its responsiveness to the legal environment. The legal environment is one of the most unpredictable, yet the most critical of the organization’s survival in a particular market. Governments enact laws and legislations that directly affect the products being offered in a country (Venkatraman & Prescott, 1990). Acts of parliament ban some products, and this may negatively affect the company that supplies such products. An example of such legislation was the enactment by the India government banning the production and sale of Coca-cola soft drinks in the state of Kerala. Even if the federal court lifted the ba
Research Design This project will be based on a quantitative research study, following the example of similar projects maintained by professionals in the sphere and scientists who were interested in the issue of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers and believed in advantages of the usage of risk assessment scales that are meant for their prediction. Still, it cannot be denied that a part of the project will be devoted to the representation of the background information highlighted in the review of the literature. Thus, it will also presuppose the presence of qualitative research, which will not be expanded and will just introduce the topic with no critical insights that can affect the findings of the study. In this way, even though the paper is going to include two types of information, it will still be based on a quantitative research design, like the one that meets the purpose of the study and answers its questions. Considering the necessity to determine whether the situation can improve when nurses start using risk assessment scales, it will be advantageous to resort to a longitudinal study. It will be performed as a quasi-experimental research design based on the observations of three sample groups: patients assessed with the Braden scale; patients assess with the Waterlow scale; and patients assessed with clinical judgment alone. In this way, the data will be obtained with the help of surveys. The data will be gathered twice: at the very beginning of the project and at the end. In this way, it will be possible to avoid the biases, as initially, the nurses could use different methods to predict pressure ulcers. It will be a prospective study, as it will focus on the development of pressure ulcers during a particular period of time to reveal the outcomes and will not look backward. This project is likely to require the implementation of the forms needed to conduct an assessment with the help of the Braden and Waterlow scale because the findings of the related articles prove that nurses rarely have them (Ingwu, Ayanor, & Ohaeri, 2015). Sample The sample of this project will consist of patients. The inclusion criteria will focus on: age (adult population over 18 years old); absence of pressure ulcers before hospitalization; and duration of the hospital stay (at least 10 days). The exclusion criteria will deal with the presence of those diseases that increase risks of pressure ulcers development greatly. The participants will be recruited during the personal communication with the representatives of the healthcare system, patients and/or their families. The study will try to cover all critically ill inpatients within the intensive care unit. Still, the number of the participants will be rather limited and is likely to include about 40-45 individuals. As a similar study that was held in three intensive care units gathered only 42 patients, this one is not likely to differ much (Araújo, Araújo, & Caetano, 2011). A control group wi
Introduction While discussing the plan of the inventory situation, I would like to touch on some primary issues of the subject of discussion. Thus, in my opinion, the most important task is considered to be the principal goal defining. I suppose that understanding of the key factors, which influence the defined item production, is of primary importance. For this reason, I want to point out that the most important steps, which the goal includes, are considered to be production of the item materials, transportation of the product, the product fabrication and postconsumer disposal of the product. These steps are the major issues, I want to draw your attention to. Main Body While speaking about the improvement of the inventory situation, one should draw his/her attention to the characterization of raw material. The inventor’s most important task is to utilize post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic as the primary raw material. Generally, there are a lot of ways to increase the quality of the product. For instance, the inventor is to understand water treatment technology, clean water rinsing processes, etc. To improve the inventory situation, the specialist should remove low-density polymers and maintain intrinsic viscosity and decontamination of the material. On the other hand, he/she is to know numerous material defects that accumulate in the polymeric material. Chemical and physical laboratory analysis of raw material is also to be taken into account. Increasing of COOH end-groups, reduction in filterability, decrease in color L, increasing of oligomer content, decreasing of crystallization temperature, decreasing of the mechanical properties, broadening of molecular weight distribution, decreasing of dynamic viscosity, increasing of acetaldehyde, decreasing of extractable foreign contaminants, increasing of haze, increasing of color number b are the issues the inventors must take into account while producing the plastic bricks. The recycling of PET-bottles is considered to be an industrial standard process, which numerous engineering companies are to offer. The re-pelletizing way is also to be taken into account. Although the methodology causes thermal destruction, it has a lot of advantages, including intensive melt filtration, intermediate quality control, modification by additives, product selection, processing flexibility increasing and quality uniformization. Further processing is related to the production of the following materials: A-PET film for thermoforming, BoPE
HIV/AIDS is a disease that is considered an epidemic worldwide. It is a major epidemic due to its effects on both the affected and the infected. When the disease first started to spread in the 1980s, its spread was mostly restricted to gay men and extreme drug users. This trend however changed as millions of people who did not fall under these categories got infected over the years. The Human Immune deficiency virus is the main cause of AIDS, and an earlier detection of the virus can help prevent its replication. An editorial published by the New York Times on the topic of HIV testing provides a good example of a rhetorical publication. This paper seeks to analyze how the author utilizes ethos, pathos, and logos in this publication with regard to the topic of ‘the importance of testing for HIV.’ The writer uses strong language that takes into account logical reasoning and validity, therefore enhancing his or her ability to capture the reader’s attention. This publication brings out the HIV/AIDS message openly to the reader. Whereas in the early years people thought that this condition should be blanketed by discrimination, shame and ignorance, the writer uses existing facts to reinforce the core message. While some individuals consider themselves ‘safe’, I agree with the New York Times editorial publication that Americans aged between fifteen and sixty-five should be voluntarily screened without charge so that the population can be aware of their status. In my view this will encourage responsible behavior among Americans across the entire age groups. Recent research indicates that forty five percent of youths are sexually active. To increase awareness and sexual responsibility, voluntary testing should be encouraged. The text is credible and has appealed to the audience through a good balance of pathos, ethos, and logos. The author incorporates pathos through a persuasive style that creates an emotional appeal. The emotional environment is evident when the author clearly points out the negative effects of ignoring HIV testing. The publication states that the only way to reduce severe illnesses, premature deaths and infections is through testing and diagnosis during the first phases of HIV development. These consequential effects of HIVAIDS have an emotional connotation that draws the reader’s attention. The author also offers hope and joy to humanity by referring to the France and Mississippi incidents. In this case, strong Anti-retroviral drugs eradicated the virus during an early detection. Even though this is yet to be proven by researchers, it gives hope to the infected and affected victims. There is an effective use of ethos since