ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The human eye is viewed as the most powerless organ to be influenced by diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is a complex phase of diabetes and is separated into two stages. Invasion in the optical layer is the fundamental explanation behind the disintegration of visual impairment. Over the years, therapies for diabetic retinopathy treatment concentrated on controlling side effects and halting the weakening of visual impairment. However, with the advancement of technologies in eye medical procedure, treatment plans try to restore the patient’s vision to full recovery. This report presents the status of AI in healthcare delivery and the motivations of deploying the technology in human services, information types analysed by AI frameworks, components that empower clinical outcomes and disease types. The benefits of AI have been discussed in different works of literature. AI can utilise advanced algorithms to evaluate components from a vast volume of human service information, and use the acquired knowledge to help clinical practice. The technology can be upgraded with learning and self-redressing capacities to improve its precision based on patient diagnosis. AI frameworks assist doctors by giving current restorative data from diaries, course readings and clinical practices to advise appropriate patient care. Consequently, the AI framework can decrease unavoidable demonstrative and remedial blunders in clinical exercise. Objectives of the AI System Artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding with many advantages for economies, social orders, networks, and people. AI innovations improve efficiency and making new items and administrations. These innovations are connected in areas of retail, assembling, diversion, pharmaceuticals, training and transport. In simple terms, artificial intelligence means to copy human psychological capacities. It is conveying a change in perspective to social insurance, controlled by expanding accessibility of human services information and quick advancement of examination procedures. AI can be connected to kinds of human service information. Prevalent AI procedures incorporate machine-learning strategies for classified information, for example, the traditional vector machine, neural system and deep learning for unstructured data (Mirsharif, Tajeripour, & Pourreza, 2013). Significant ailment territories that use AI devices incorporate cancer, nervous system science and cardiology. As a result, artificial intelligence supports early recognition, diagnosis, forecast and visualisation evaluation. In an endeavour to beat impediments inborn in automated diagnosis, specialists have done projects that reenact human thinking. Expectations that such a technique would prompt significant benefit have not been reported, yet many challenges have been explained. Methodologies have been created to confine the number of speculations that a program must consider and fuse pathophysiologic thinking. The technology allows a
Metafiction as a writing style evolved in the USA in the 1960s and became the flag-bearer of postmodernism. This marked by authors who went beyond the traditional fiction and experimented with the process in which fiction itself was created. The main aim of such fiction was to describe the culture from which it evolved. Thus, this fiction tried to criticize the moral responsibility of the moralizing literature belonging to the bourgeois class, and in doing so become “self-conscious” (Waugh 3). Thus, metafiction assumes the place of life-like fiction and unlike traditional fiction will try to enumerate the darkest flaws in the characters of the story. Metafiction assumed popularity among writers like Bath and Sterne and the then among postmodern authors like Sartre and Kafka. Among other, Vladimir Nabokov assumed prominence as a postmodern writer and a creator of metafictions (Waugh 15). Nabokov has loomed large over the American postmodern era showed obsession for auto-represented constructions in his fictions, virtual effects and presence of the narrative text. His self-consciousness and genius as a postmodernist writer emerged in various instances (Oakley 480). Nabokov’s novels have a tendency of over exaggeration of the plot within the novel which escalates the tension in the readers and helps in “construction and deconstruction” of the novel (Waugh 14). Waugh states that the tension exists in many writings, but the “dominant function” within the text that helps it assumes metafictional character (Waugh 15). Such character within the novels of Nabokov evolves them in metafictional character. Nabokov’s novels are metafictions (Waugh; Hutcheon). Inger Christensen had studied Nabokov’s Ada along with other authors, in order to find the “Meaning of Metafiction” (Christensen). Nabokov’s writings have been characteristic of its notion of “strangeness”. The novels are characteristic due to the protagonists’ “disturbingly conscious or semi-conscious toggle into the world of art” (Naiman 584). However, very little has been judged about the metafictional characters of the novels by Nabokov expect for that done by Christensen for Nabokov’s Ada . This paper will study Nabokov’s two most popular novels Lolita and Pale Fire and understand if they are examples of metafictions. In order to understand Pale Fire and Lolita as examples of metafiction, it is important to understand what metafiction is. Metafiction is one of the most important tools for novel criticism. Metafiction, according to Linda Hutcheon is “fiction about fiction” i.e. a novel that “includes within itself a commentary on its own narrative and/or linguistic identity.” (1). Thus, metafiction is a fiction that is concerned with the nature of fiction itself (Petitjean). The emphasis of the author of metafiction is more on the ontology of the fiction rather than on its epistemology. Patricia Waugh has explained that postmodern writers face a dilemma of representing the world as they realize that “the wo
Introduction A workflow management system (WfMS) is a software platform that allows users to define, administer, and coordinate various business processes. The concept or theoretical model of workflow management emanated from a mathematical principle of Petri net. Petri net (P/T net or place/transition net) is a mathematical concept that defines distributed systems (Petri and Reisig 6477). Developments in the idea of workflow management took place over several loosely related, overlapping stages. Earlier scholars focused on workflow management in the manufacturing industry by conducting deliberate, rational analysis of work stages. Such scholars concentrated mainly on mass and energy flows, which they were able to improve upon through time and motion concepts. Over several years, workflow management matured and experienced significant growths as scholars focused on how the concept could be redefined within a digital context to save time and costs of manufacturing and shipping. Users could observe various stages of manufacturing and workflow through their accounts online. However, information flow brought about significant changes in the concept and proved that it differed from mass and energy flow as attention turned to quality improvement. This marked the beginning of rational workflow models. In this regard, users noted that information flows resulted in low costs and adaptability of the process. Moreover, the once highly rational, complex processes became highly flexible, responsive, and adaptable. These new developments led to several other new applications of information technology in workflow processes like production, service provision, and use of information at work. Consequently, there were flexible processes in production, just-in-time management, and other significantly adaptable, agile systems and processes emerged from developments in the workflow management systems. Today, all organisations have different forms of such workflow management processes, which involve many employees, systems, and business units. For instance, a workflow management platform may have capabilities to control and supervise various tasks or stages in an organisation. It could depict tasks or processes in different ways. Organisations use workflow management systems to automate different business processes, enhance data transfer, and information sharing. Market Analysis Over the last few years, workflow management systems have become critical parts of most business process. WfMSs continue to support business processes, detect potential challenges, and provide optimal workflow for users. The market will continue to grow as recent prediction indicates (Infiniti Research Limited 1-22). Physical materials, such as data, im
Introduction Depression is one of the most common mental health problems among adolescents in the United States. According to a survey by Royuela-Colomer and Calvete (2016), at this important developmental stage in one’s life, a person requires close support from family and friends to understand how to deal with different biological and social changes. Unfortunately, parents rarely have time to engage these adolescents and understand their concerns. Edlund et al. (2015) observe that in most of the cases, both parents spend their time in the workplace, struggling to earn a living. They leave in the morning and come back late in the evening, which means that they do not get adequate time to understand the challenges that their adolescent children go through. Curry (2014) laments that parenting as responsibility has been handed over to teachers in American society. People are busy pursuing their careers, and they that believe taking their children to some of the best schools in the country solves all parenting problems. Given that teachers handle several students, they cannot provide personalized attention that these children need to overcome various challenges they need. In the past, studies suggested that adolescents tend to be rebellious as they struggle with the need to make independent decisions. However, Curry (2014) suggests that such forms of rebellion are often caused by depression. Parents and teachers may view an adolescent going through depression as being rebellious while the truth is that the child has psychological problems. It means that such problems are ignored, making it difficult to find a solution at the right time. Given their age and inexperience, these children may not even realize that they have depression. They know they are troubled but cannot explain specific causes of such mental disturbances. When the condition is not accurately diagnosed and the stress agents are still present, the condition may become worse (Edlund et al., 2015). Some of these teenagers may develop suicidal thoughts when they realize that society does not care about their condition and is not doing anything concrete to help. Some may turn to drugs as a way of coping with their condition while others may join criminal gangs as a way of getting the support group they need to overcome social, mental, and biological challenges they face. A recent report by Royuela-Colomer and Calvete (2016) showed that depression among adolescents in the United States grew by more than 7.6% from 2009 to 2012. The condition is expected to get worse because society has not yet realized that depression is a major mental health problem among adolescent. Most parents believe that providing the material support to their families is their primary responsibility and that the social support needed by the
Introduction The book under review is The Money Interest and the Public Interest: American Monetary Thought, 1920-1970, and it was written by Perry Mehrling and published in 1997. It examines the general monetary thought in America as was during the time of Keynes, leading up to the Second World War and the subsequent periods. Perry’s main inspiration to write this book was his displeasure regarding the conditions that were prevailing in America and the monetary policies that were in place at that time. The author, therefore, set out to review the monetary economics history of the country to find out how they dealt with similar situations in the past. He focused on the works of three economists to help him accomplish his goal, namely Alvin Harvey Hansen, who lived between 1887 and 1975, Allyn Abbot Young who lived between 1876 and 1929, and finally Edward Stone Shaw who lived between 1908 and 1994. In as much as the focus was on their work, Perry also focused on the economists as individuals to understand what actually led them to develop the kind of thinking they had. He, therefore, did extensive research on them and their published and unpublished works and settled on showing the relationship between peoples’ democracy and its relation to finance. In addition, he studied the relationship between the American peoples’ interest and money interest (Mehrling x). It is important to note at this point that the book took a biographical view on how the three mentioned economists looked at the situations that faced them at the time they gave their views on monetary economics of the time such as those experienced during the different wars, the great depression and the stagnation of the economy among others. According to Perry, what set economists he focused on apart from the rest is that they spoke out regarding the economic issues that were prevailing during their time despite the obvious tensions their outspokenness caused, as opposed to the current situation where most economists choose to remain dumb and let issues play themselves out. Therefore, the book was meant to inspire economists to give their views and opinions on burning issues that are relevant and require to be talked about (Mehrling ix). Organization of the Book The book is organized into three major sections with each section focusing on a different economist and the situations that were prevailing during his time. It has eleven chapters, with the first section having four chapters, the second also having four, and the third and final section having three chapters. A detailed discussion is given below: Section One- Chapters One to Four The first section focuses on Allyn Abbot Young and his time as well as his intellectual thought and influences. A
The evaluation plan is designed for HIV/AIDS among the Kenyan community as this country was severely affected by HIV/AIDS. About 1.5 million people live with this infection, so the need to improve the situation is obvious (ICF Macro and National Coordinating Agency for Population and Development 1). The designed programs should be evaluated to see its value and improve when necessary. My evaluation plan concentrates on the question, “Can the program decrease the number of people with HIV/AIDS in the Kenyan community?”. This question is important as it correlates with the main topic, and its answer includes the most relevant information regarding it. It reveals the number of people with infection, the way the population will be treated in order to prevent further expansion and the expected results of the program. To evaluate the program, the evaluation design is to be chosen. The pretest/posttest design is considered to be the best variant as it allows us to collect all necessary data before the intervention and after it (Issel 418). The information that was gained before the program shows the real situation regarding HIV/AIDS among the Kenyan community. When the program is adopted, it influences the participants and changes the results. Thus, the data gathered later shows whether the difference between the information is substantial or not and if it proves the value of the program. This kind of evaluation design has its advantages and disadvantages. Among the positive factors is its easiness in usage. The ability to control the main knowledge gained by the participants is also of advantage. Moreover, it shows accurate evidence of the effectiveness or inefficiency of the program. However, it enables us to distinguish the non-program impact on the results. To use self-reporting, in this case, is also a bad idea. The participants may overestimate themselves during one of the tests and change the results in this way. It is even possible that posttest data might be lower than the pretest one (“Types of Evaluation Designs” par. 3). To reduce such threats, I would take some precautions. First of all, I would ask the participants to note the information and its sources if they get some within the program. I would also use the objective measures for the tests in order to minimalize the human factor interaction. According to the process – outcome orientation, my design is concentrated on the outcome. It proves whether the expected results were achieved and to what extent. The outcomes are divided into short-term, intermediate, and long-term. Inputs      Activities          Outputs  Short-term outcomes  Intermediate outcomes  Long-term outcomes             Causal Attribution Efficiency                      (“Introduction to Program Evaluation for Public Health Programs” par. 16). The outcomes deal with a range of changes. These changes include the attitude of the participants towards the HIV/AIDS and people who are infected; possible risks
Beverly Wilshire Hotel (A Four Seasons Hotel) is located in Beverly Hills, California. This historical hotel offers a blend of tradition and contemporary comfort, elegant luxury, and impeccable service. Everything here is to the highest standards: elegant rooms, luxurious suites, magnificent spa, fitness center, restaurants, luxurious halls for celebrations, and modernly equipped conference halls. This paper is initiated to reveal market peculiarities of Beverly Wilshire Hotel resulting in the analysis of its competitiveness. Beverly Wilshire Hotel is a hotel for guests who appreciate sophisticated style and exclusive service. The price of the average room per night is approximately $ 700. Therefore, potential clients’ income is $ 500 000 and more. Guests are predominantly males and females between the ages of 35 and 60 without children and animals. They have higher education including doctors, politics, and others. Moreover, the hotel is a favorite place of celebrities. For instance, John Lennon, Elvis Presley, and other representatives of the elite stayed there. It was this hotel where Richard Gere and Julia Roberts shot in the Pretty Woman film (“Beverly Wilshire, a Four Seasons Hotel, and Jason of Beverly Hills Present a ‘Pretty Woman’ Experience” par. 1). Therefore, potential clients of the hotel are people with high income and requirements. Beverly Wilshire Hotel is located in 20 minutes from Los Angeles International Airport. It is situated on Wilshire Boulevard near financial and shopping centers such as Century City or Beverly Hills and the famous Rodeo Drive that are within walking distance (“Beverly Wilshire in Beverly Hills” par. 5). Choosing the Beverly Wilshire, it is impossible not to visit Madame Tussauds Hollywood. There are several art galleries such as Ace Gallery Los Angeles. Besides, guests might relax in silence in Zoom Room Dog Training Park. It goes without saying that Los Angeles is the city of a casino and nightclubs. The nearest casino is Los Angeles Party Bus. As a matter of fact, the geographical location of potential guests is also of great significance. California has a Mediterranean climate. Therefore, it might cause some difficulties for people living in a cold climate to stay in the described hotel. It relates to people from Alaska or northern countries such as Canada. Nevertheless, Beverly Wilshire Hotel creates convenient rooms equipped with the air-conditioner that would help to acclimatize. However, the climate of the region is not too warm. It perfectly suits people from around the world. Additionally, marketing services over the Internet allows extending the potential audience. A booking module on the main page could considerably raise the flow of customers and at the same time allows considerable savings. It seems the most effective way if customers would book a room directly from the social network. Market behaviors combine a whole range of characteristics of consumers, which is a model of life and behavior of the person determined by his passions, actions, interests, relationships with other people, etc. The basis of these criteria is that t
The aspect of confidence among Canadian small businesses in the agricultural sector is fundamental for the sustainability of the projects. The article, AgriStability or Aggravation, is relevant in identifying problems that exist within the agri-business affecting their stability, such as predictability, bureaucratic procedures in paper works, poor customer services, as well as timeliness issues. In pinpointing these challenges, the three-leveled Canadian government, Federal, Provincial, and Territorial (FTP), has been able to devise new risk management opportunities and programs that have enhanced confidence among producers and stakeholders in this key sector. Also, putting in place risk management programs in the agribusiness make farmers immune to the global economic downturns that have been prevalent in the 21st century. This is essential given that a previous survey by the Canadian Federation of Independent Businesses (CFIB) on the confidence level in the agricultural industry reported a low value of 54.9 compared to the national business confidence level of 67.3. The analysis, therefore, made it necessary for the government to instill optimism among farmers by taking drastic steps to regulate the environment in which farmers operate, as well as improving the tax levies in the agribusiness sector. With a high level of predictability and transparency in the agribusiness, assurance of op
Films are a popular form of entertainment and since their invention a large number of them have been produced and screened. Movies exist in various genres so as to satisfy the different tastes that varied people have. In the recent past, I have had the privilege of watching a number of movies, most of which I found very enjoyable. In this paper, I shall compare two movies belonging to different genres that I found particularly interesting. This shall be in a bid to illustrate that despite their differences in production, storyline and casts, the two movies still had a lot in common. The two movies that I shall exhibit are a comedic animation movie called “Madagascar” and the drama filled movie “Dark Knight”. Perhaps the first apparent similarity that even a stranger to these movies can point out is that both movies were hugely successful in the theatres. They attracted a lot of viewers therefore clocking in millions of dollars in profits for their producers. The viewers were not confined to a particular age bracket but varied from the young to the old. One of the themes that resound through both movies is the theme of friendship which is advanced as the characters in both movies fight against many odds to save their friends. In the Dark Knight, the main character goes to great lengths in his attempts at saving the lives of his friends from the hands of his arch-nemesis. In Madagascar, the animals make their way from relative safety into a terrifying forest in an effort to rescue their friend. Violence is also prevalent in both movies though at varying degrees. In the movie Madagascar, violence is exhibited when the animals are landed on a remote island unknown to them. Here, they face a gang of hyenas which threatens to eat them. In the Dark Knight, the violence is more pronounced as the movie hero’s antagonist besieges the city with guns and bombs. People are killed in gruesome murders and buildings blown up. However, in both the movies, the protagonists emerge victorious as they subdue the violence thus restoring harmony and balance. The two movies are created by use of very d