ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary The article I used was written by Danny Wood for BBC News entitled “Islam feminists urge gender jihad”. The article discussed the focus of the International Congress on Islamic Feminism, on the gender equality struggle in Islamic countries. This struggle involves contesting the chauvinist interpretations of Muslim teachings. The unequal or lesser regard and treatment for women as opposed to the conditions of men do not originate from the exact teachings of the Koran, but these actions are results of interpretations of the laws of Islam. Islam in no way promotes the oppression of women. There are several causes for this disregard for the rights of women and there are likewise several solutions or remedies. The article, through comments from different people discusses these causes and solutions. Response Muslim women are advocating Islam feminism or a gender jihad as a step towards uplifting the human rights of Muslim women and to lessen, if not totally eradicate injustices and exploitation directed at them. Jihad means to struggle in the way of God or to struggle for the improvement of one’s self or society. This is precisely what the Islam feminists want to do. They are struggling for gender equality in Muslim communities and they are fighting to counter the distorted interpretations of the teachings of Islam regarding the treatment and status of women in Muslim society. The predominant notion in determining the root cause of gender inequality in Muslim communities is that the practice was basically derived from the doctrines of Koran. This is greatly refuted by those who are really educated in the Koran and the Islam feminists who have carefully reviewed the doctrines to stay true to their cause. The misinterpretation that Islam is a chauvinist religion is doing a great disservice not only to the religion itself, but to the women of Islam. People who have long been exposed and who were born with this misconcepti
Introduction Cartier is one of the largest companies that engage in the manufacture of jewellery. Wedding and engagement rings are the major products of the company. However, stiff competition in the industry necessitates the company to engage in extensive advertising campaigns. Tiffany is one of the major competitors of the company. Cartier uses multichannel advertising campaigns to improve its competitiveness. The company uses print media, television, and social networking sites to advertise its products. Online advertising is one of the major forms of advertising that the company uses. The growth of online social platforms necessitates the company to exploit this avenue to increase its revenue. The company uses Facebook to launch various advertising campaigns. Some of the most recent advertising campaigns of the company include ‘true love has a colour and a name’ and ‘how far would you go for love.’ The company used Facebook to run the advertising campaigns. One of the major benefits of using social media is the fact that they are a cheap method of advertising. In addition, Facebook enables the company to launch the advertising campaigns to people who have an interest in the company. This increases the efficiency of this means of advertising. Therefore, social media is one of the major platforms that the company would use in future advertising campaigns. Advertising strategy Cartier engages in the production of luxury products that target high-end consumers. Therefore, it is vital for the company to use the right channels in marketing its products without diluting the brand name. The company should ensure that its advertisements reach its consumers. In addition, it is vital for Cartier to ensure that its advertising strategies do not dilute the company’s brand name. The company should make use of new technologies and communication channels to improve its brand image. Cartier ensures that the advertisements in various channels maintain the class of its products. In addition, Cartier ensures that it implements various advertising strategies flawlessly. The company ensures that it undertakes its marketing from top to bottom. Creation of an effective advertising strategy does not guarantee the success of the strategy. Therefore, Cartier goes to great lengths to ensure that the execution of the advertising strategy is effective. The marketing strategy of the company helps in creating an aura that helps in reinforcing the brand image of the company. Cartier ensures that it maintains the originality of the designs of its products. In addition, the company strives to formulate creative advertising campaigns. The company uses various advertising channels to reach its target market. Some of the marketing
Poets achieve a sense of rhythm without using stanzas, rhyming, or meter by using specific literary devices that help incorporate rhythm and a particular mood into the poem. Line length is an essential tool that many poets use when writing free verses. The reason it matters is that the line length allows the writer to control the way we read through the text, whether it can be slower or faster. Furthermore, the range of the lines can influence the effect on the reader and suggestions about what the poet might have been thinking. Shorter lines are pronounced quickly and breathlessly, thus creating a rhythm and a pattern of similarity in the text. In this case, the poet might invite the reader to imagine a situation, where the things surrounding the poem might be happening swiftly and hastily. Longer lines can be read more deliberately, creating a slower tone and allowing the reader to enjoy every detail of the poem. According to Tsur (2015) “there are other means to indicate line ending: first of all, “punctuational pauses”; but also intonation contour, and some more elusive cues, such as the lengthening of the last speech sound or syllable, or over articulation of the word boundaries, e.g., by inserting a stop release or a glottal stop where appropriate”. Using line breaks can also emphasize essential ideas and concepts in the text. Alliteration is a literary device, where the first sound in a series of words is the same. Even though there might be no set rhyme pattern or structure, alliteration allows feeling the rhythmical flow in the lyrics. The repetition of similar sounds lets the reader. ‘ The Colonel’ by Carolyn Forche is a perfect example of an open-form poem. The author narrates the poem in a monotonous manner, allowing the reader to feel their own emotions on the issue presented in the text. Line length is also used by the author to express and retell the story so that it affects the reader. For instance, “…He spilled many human ears on the table. They were like dried peach halves. There is no other way to say this.” The author describes such horrible things in short lines to prevent the text from any emotional reaction. Thus, while the author seems detached from the events that happened to her, the readers, on the contrary, feel the situation on the intimate level. ‘ The Negro Speaks of Rivers’ by Langston Hughes is another example of how well the free verse poetry can have a rhythm and flow despite lacking all the regular aspects of traditional poetry. The repetition in words and structure varies but still creates an organized writing. Therefore, there is a rhyme that occurs throughout the text. The poem centres around a sharp image, a metaphor of the rivers, which means the lifelong journey of a man. The whole poem mimics the flow of the river because the author skillfully switches the line length as in how the waters of the river move. ‘ The Playboy Calendar and the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam’ by Martin Espada is a p
Introduction The origin of acquired immune against infectious diseases was discovered almost two thousand year earlier. In 430 BC Thucydides observed that the great plague in Athens never attacked the one who ailed once; they were either killed or recovered and were never to be tormented twice. By the end of the 18 th century, Jenner observed that immunization for small pox could be provided through a vaccination with cowpox virus, which became the basic idea behind all vaccination literature. Today vaccination is used worldwide to provide immunity against many infectious and fatal diseases. The concept behind this vaccine which has made it so successful is that behind all viral or bacterial diseases, primary protection is though t to be provided by a long-lived biological immune response of the human body through production of antibodies in the body. This was the basis for all vaccines throughout medical history. Tuberculosis (TB) disease is not infected by ninety percent of the people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis . This implies that human beings are inherently immune to TB. The people who do get infected are those who have low-immunity because of their infection with HIV or due to their low socio-economic background that characterize many TB patients. Thus, it is believed that “immune suppression, rather than an inherently inadequate immune system, is the most important determinant of predisposition to disease.” (Hanekom et al, 2007) It is further believed that an immunocompetent person may still be infected by TB, although less frequently, and the virulence nature of the infecting pathogen may transform eh scenario into a confusing one. Presently TB vaccine research and development has been undergoing an era of renaissance. This, though, is in sharp contrast to the limited development of BCG in the first two decades of the 20 th century. This is so because after almost seventy years of development of BCG, it is the only TB vaccine available to medical science. Mostly the researches in the field have been operational which tried to innumerate areas like expanding the delivery program of BCG through Expanded Programme on Immunization, holding field trials in various geographical locations using different BCG strains (Ferguson & Simes, 1949; Aronson et al, 1958; Rosenthal et al, 1961; Vandiviere et al, 1973; Hart & Sutherland, 1977). A meta-analysis of these studies shows that the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine varies greatly (<0% to >80%) (Colditz et al, 1994; Colditz et al, 1995) and there are various opinions regarding the effectiveness of BCG vaccine today (Rahman et al, 2001; Fine, 2001). Research has shown that the incidence of TB in Great Britain has increased over the years (Rose et al, 2001; Nursing Times, 2007). According to statistics the reported cases of TB increased by 2 percent in England and Northern Ireland in 2007 (Nursing Times, 2007). But research has also proven that
Introduction Do people have to suffer because of others who have power over them? It is so sad that people often have to face bitter consequences of conflicts between or among different groups or nations. As a result of power, the government often uses its power to manipulate the available recourses in a country. In the quest for new inventions and discoveries, political powers will always go the extra mile to achieve their goals. In return, people are normally the victims of such expedition leaving behind shattered recourses. The objective of this paper is to address the impacts that politics and power of one group over another have on particular places and our experiences of them. To support this argument, this paper will address the story “The clan of One-Breasted Women” by Terry Tempest William. To achieve this, the paper will be divided into three sections. The first section will address the above story while the second section addresses the impact of political power. This shows that the government did not care about its people who were suffering. One-Breasted Women” by Terry Tempest William One-Breasted Woman is a story about a family of an author by the name of Terry Tempest. Terry Tempest was from a clan of One-breasted women including her mother, grandmother, and six aunties who were all affected by cancer. Terry comes from a Mormon family and lived in Utah, near the Nevada desert. Their agony began when an Atomic Energy Commission decided to carry out an atomic test in the nearby Nevada desert. There had been several tests that were done before although it was only one which affected Terry and her family. United States government was the organizer of the atomic test which was carried out in the year between 1951 and 1962 (Tempest 362). The atomic test affected Terry and her family as it exposed them to extreme radiation. Terry lost nine members of her family who had mastectomies while seven members died of cancer. Her mother and grandmother were some of the members who had died. For Terry, she had two biopsies for breast cancer together with a small tumor that was removed between her ribs. Thousands of other people had also been affected by the test and they were all blaming the government of the US. To seek compensation, the inhabitants filed cases against the government although only ten plaintiffs were awarded damages (Tempest 366). 14 cases were not compensated because they lacked viable evidence. The Supreme Court even refused to review several appeals which were made because America was protected from suit by the legal doctrine (Tempest 366) Many people were denied justice by the government and had no right to question the authorities. This was unfair because the government was taking advantage of the people who could not protect themselves. The government was the main cause for the various tests which had effects on thousands of people. Here is a case where the authority refuses to take responsibility for its actions just because of its power. The atomic test was carried out dur
Introduction The main aim and objective of BOM marketing is to build robust Customer Relationship Management (CRM) with clients and customers for a long period. This would not only ensure reasonable revenue streams but also make this product more popularly accepted in all places where this enterprise conducts its marketing operations. Strategic Marketing Planning One of the major characteristic features regarding BPM is that it is meant for car owners who own their cars and SUVs. One cannot not imagine a situation wherein mud is thrown on a rented, or leased care to give it a rugged and weathered look, which appeals to many people. One of the major facets of BOM is to induce customers to invest in this product in order to facilitate a rugged look of an attractive, well travelled and weather beaten vehicle. This is in sharp contrast to what car owners expect their cars to be- clean, glossy, spic and span and shining brightly. But BOM disclaims this theory and has launched a product line which states just the opposite- Cars should look dirty and weather beaten – this would give it a rugged and well worn look which many people adore. Perhaps some of the major aspects that need to be considered regarding BOM is with respect to the fact that pricing would be a major constraint- how much worth this BOM effect would have and is it worth the price paid. This, apparently, is the question that is at the back of most car owners and BOM makers should be in a position to provide a plausible and rational answer. Although there are no competitors for BOM at the moment, it is quite possible that, seeing the excellent market response for BOM, many entrepreneurs would like to jump into the BOM band wagon and therefore, they would be strong competition during the times to come. Facets of Marketing Mix The critical marketing mix aspects that need to be considered with regard to BOM are as follows:  1. Marketing Mix-Price: Pricing is an important aspect for consumer oriented goods and BOM is no exception. It is a novel and unique product which does have commercial use in terms of preferences of customers. Initially, it is very much necessary to keep BOM price attractive, in order to capture a slice of the market and establish one’s foothold in the market, thereby attracting large number of customers, young and old. Later on, depending on customer responses, this price could be gradually increase to improve the seller’s bottom lines, but not large enough to make the product unpopular.  2. Marketing Mix: Channels of distribution- This combined with logistic control a
Executive summary This marketing research has been carried out to study the importance of brand image and relate it to brand association. Two major hypotheses have been formulated after extensive literature review following already preset objectives. These hypotheses have been appropriately named H1 and H2, where H1 suggests that there is a correlation between brand image and brand association and H2 is based on the proposal that brand image and brand image influence how customers respond to a product in the market. A proper analysis of figures and facts collected has served to illustrate to prove the above hypotheses true. Introduction The importance of market research cannot be underestimated in today’s competitive business atmosphere. Information collected by the researchers comes in handy in helping the decision makers come up with functional strategies to help the business cut a niche in the market. By identifying the customers’ needs, businesses can come up with creative ways to attract the attention of the public to a product that is targeted at addressing this need. In order to serve the purpose of market research, this essay seeks to underscore the value of both brand image and brand association in relation to how products and services are received by the public. To this end, a proper literature review will be provided to study on common trends and influences of branding and specifically brand image and brand association. Accompanying the literature review is a set of primary data collected from the public through questionnaires and analyses of the data collected alongside their interpretation. Finally, limitations of the two aspects of branding-brand image and brand association will be pointed out before recommendations are made. Literature review Brand imaging is by far the most important component of marketing that will help a company get its product off its stores and into the houses of the intended customers. According to Aaker (1991), the more a brand appeals to the customers the more they will develop the need to purchase the product. In this way, the brand image adds to the value of the product. The definition of brand image has come to be the subject of debate amongst scholars and researchers in the field of marketing (Dobni & Zinkhan, 1990). One of the most renown researchers in the field Kevin Lane Keller defined brand image as “perceptions about a brand as reflected by the brand associations held in consumer memory” (1993). This definition has been supported by many of his peers including Andrew Mitchell who describes brand image as simply “all that a consumer can possibly associate with a particular brand” (1982). Studies have shown that consu
The Asian world has always been a mystery for the Western civilization; the former lives according its own laws which the European culture conceive completely, envisions the world, its origins and the way its elements intertwine in harmony in a slightly different way than the Western civilization does; in addition, the Oriental culture uses a range of symbolic which is completely alien to the Western world and can be hardly associated with anything, while triggering a chain of emotions within the heart of an Oriental dweller. However, either because of its colorfulness and vividness, or because these details stir people’s imagination so easily and with such tremendous effect, the Oriental themes, especially in poetry, were extremely popular in the Era of Romanticism, making the fascination with the Eastern world one of its key features. As Carruthers and Rawers (2003) explain, “Romantic Orientalism has historically been written and read from a European perspective” (p. 117). Because of the impact of the epoch, Ozymandias and Alastor , Percy Bische Shelly’s two most famous poems, display a considerable amount of details which can be referred to as the explicit manifestations of Orientalism. One of the first things that fall into the eye of the reader at the very beginning of the poems is the unusual names, Ozymandias and Alastor. The former, interpreted as Ramesses’ throne name, sends the reader into the heat of the Egyptian sun and, thus, makes one plunge into the Oriental world almost instantly. In addition, the name also immediately riggers an entire cadence of reminiscences connected with the famous emperor, thus, setting quite tragic back-story which an experienced reader can see between the lines of the poem: “In Shelley’s ‘Ozymandias of Egypt,’ is the Oriental potentate on the pedestal now a ‘’colossal wreck, boundless and bare’ because of a unique Oriental despotism?” (p. 281), Varisco (2007) asks. As for the Alastor , although the name and, thus, the subplot for the poem originates from the Roman mythology and, thus, can be hardly referred to as the one filled with Orientalism elements, there are still recognizable traces of the above-mentioned phenomenon in the poem. In addition, the sound of the name was exotic enough for the poet too use it in the same way the Oriental elements were, i.e., to shock viewers into paying attention to the hidden innuendoes in the poem. Among the rest of the elements which point at the obvious Orientalism of both poems, the use of settings is rather wise and efficient: In Ozymandias , the author puts a special emphasis on the fact that the events take place in the desert and sand, which is basically the place most people associate with Asian settings: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. Near them on the sand, Half sunk, a shattered visage lies (Shelley, 1818) Therefore, with the help of two words, “sand” and “desert,” Shelley managed to transfer the audience right into the heart of the Oriental world instantly. However, the chosen tactics works in the poem because it is relatively short, which is not the ca