ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Recent events, such as the widespread incidents of police brutality and the increasingly frequent failed death row executions, have drawn a lot of attention toward the issue of criminal law enforcement in the United States. They also exposed the deficiencies and shortfalls of the criminal justice system, which has long been a source of disagreement between the Democrats and the Republicans, making any changes to the policy unlikely. However, now that conservative politicians, like their liberal counterparts, have come to acknowledge the inefficiency of the current system, there is hope for a comprehensive policy reform. The US criminal justice system urgently needs to be reformed as the current policy undermines justice and transparency in the US society. The term ‘criminal justice administration’ refers to a set of policies and resource management practices that define how crime-committing individuals are treated in the society (Cole, Smith, & Dejong, 2014, p. 89). The US policy approach was formulated in the late 1960s and 1970s – a period marked by a rapidly growing crime rate – under a predominantly Republican government. The way new media channels, particularly television, exposed crimes, especially the most violent ones, agitated the public opinion. The citizens of the United States grew less and less tolerant of criminals, and, under the public pressure, the government opted out for the so-called “get tough” approach to criminal justice (Andrews & Bonta, 2010, p. 40). The common perception was that criminals choose the lifestyle they lead and thus they deserve to fully face the consequences of their actions, regardless of the specific context. While the origins of this approach are understandable, its results were largely unforeseen. A predominantly punitive approach, with its non-discriminating and inflexible view on crime, resulted in an oversimplification of the intricate concept of crime and is now threatening what it is intended to protect – justice in the United States. The root of the problem is the inadequate legislation that resulted in a peculiar application of the law, with people receiving unjustifiably long sentences for relatively minor transgressions. For instance, implementation of mandatory minimum sentences, particularly in relation to possession or distribution of drugs, has filled the US prisons with non-violent drug offenders, some of them serving life sentences without the possibility of parole for possessing minuscule amounts of drugs. Mandatory minimums were initially intended to reduce the extent of judicial discretion to ensure that some crimes were punished by a certain number of years in prison (Cassell & Luna, 2011, p. 219). First introduced in 1951, these provisions did not become truly problematic until the War on Drugs when they started to raise questions about “the erosion of transparency and the truth-seeking function” of the US criminal justice system (Cassell & Luna, 2011, p. 219-220). Currently, even when the mandatory minimum requirements are reviewed and amended in some state legislations, these changes do not apply retrospectively to those already convicted under these provisions
Facts   * The toothbrush is made up of very smooth and fine bristles that are easily flexible making them effective. This ensures they last long without breaking like the normal nylon bristles in regular brushes.   * Titanium toothbrush is easy to use since it only requires the presence of light from any source either the sun or from a bulb to activate its titanium dioxide rod which then releases electrons that are transmitted to the teeth.   * The concept behind the operation of the toothbrush is simple and easily understandable by anyone. The titanium dioxide that makes up the rod only reacts with light due to its photocatalytic nature, and thus it is not harmful to the user.   * The electrons transmitted to the teeth mix with water when you brush your teeth to create an ionic mixture that can kill bacteria and microorganisms that cause plaque and bad breath. Hence ensuring you boast of a fresh breath and sparkling white teeth.   * The toothbrush is gentle on the teeth and gums. It is not rough and abrasive as it is thought to be since it is made up of titanium which is a metal.   * The flexible nature of the bristles enables them to have the ability to penetrate deeper in between teeth without bending in contrast to regular brushes that cannot penetrate in grooves due to their soft nature.   * The brush is economically effective since after purchase there is no need of buying toothpaste to supplement its usage. The chemical reactions are enough to kill bacteria and provide fresh breath.   * It lasts longer compared to the normal toothbrushes that have their bristles bent or broken after a month. More so, the brush takes more than three months before any noticeable change in the bristles can be seen.
Introduction One of the most commonly reiterated opinions in regards to Hollywood slasher films is that it is nothing more than a hack and slash film genre meant to scare and thrill audiences rather than incite deep feelings of amazement, wonder, fascination or thoughtful reflection. It is often thought that such films are gory for the sake of gore, scary for the sake of being scary and lack any form of true artistry in their rendition of their respective storylines. Such statements aren’t far from the truth as seen by the rather redundant and often predictable plot lines that most of these films follow. Yet what must be understood is that based on the opinion of the article “Her Body, himself” there is actually more to a slasher film than meets the eye. In terms of box office popularity such films will never truly reach the levels of financial success seen by big budget productions such as Avatar, Titanic, Terminator, the Godfather or a Beautiful Mind however as seen by movies such as Halloween, Aliens and the Texas Chainsaw Massacre (whose budgets ranged between $320,000 to $2 million) large budgets often aren’t necessary for such films to develop a substantial degree of interest which often results in substantial profits in the long run ($320,000 was invested into Halloween which resulted in $75 million in profits within 6 years). Not only that, slasher films always seem to develop sequels, prequels and a variety of spin-offs that indicate that there must be something truly interesting about them that would warrant the development of new movies. It is based on this and other such arguments that the essay “Her Body, Himself” attempts to enlighten readers by showing how the slasher genre isn’t just a gore fest whose primary aim is to scare and disturb but rather such aspects are actually part of a far greater whole whose purpose is to depict a variety of situations which address aspects related to sex, desire, domination, psychological disturbance, revenge, sadism and a whole host of other topics that “traditional” film genres often times portray in a “watered down” fashion. Main Argument The main argument of the author in the essay “Her Body, Himself” is that slasher/stalker films have a far deeper meaning that goes beyond mere gore and fright and actually connects to the concepts of the “forbidden” and the “sexual”. In fact, the author said it best when he elaborated on the “shot for shot” analysis of the movie “Psycho” in which he stated that each shot “shows so little yet suggests so much”. This is actually the inherent nature of slasher films wherein there is a considerable degree of suggestiveness in the actions of the protagonists and the antagonists that goes beyond the mere act of terror and murder. Proving the Main Argument In order to prove his argument the author goes about this in 3 distinct ways: the first of which is he presents the various factors that go into the development of a traditional slasher film. From the presentation of the principles of slasher film creation such as the depiction of the “Terrible place”, the use of a variety of weapons aside from guns as
Introduction The development of any economy heavily depends on energy supply. However, it creates problems due to the impact of energy production on climate change (Lucian, n.d.). Wind is an essential source of sustainable energy and it does not emit pollutants. Most governments are aware of the impact of global climate changes on humans, animals, vegetation and the environment. Thus, they have opted to support renewable energy. In fact, frameworks to support the initiative have been developed in different locations. These frameworks require commitment by governments and all other stakeholders. Wind energy is one of the various forms of sustainable energy sources. It affords security and sustainability at the local, national and regional consumer energy market. When a country taps wind energy, the dependency on foreign fossil fuels including coal and natural gases is significantly reduced. Increase in fuel prices and other unforeseen sources of disruptions in supply of fossil fuel minimally impact on national economy (Gipe, 1993). This essay explores wind energy to identify various aspects of this energy source. These aspects include the advantages, disadvantages and the general view of energy from academic and professional perspectives. Main Body The power of wind can be converte
Introduction The objective of the current paper is to carry out a gap analysis on Al-Futtaim Motors. The analysis is based on an interview conducted on Al- Futtaim top management. From the interview, difficulties, and benefits associated with ISO 9001: 2008 have been presented and explained articulately. Quality Management System Process ISO 9001:2008 audits were conducted as part of the case study. Generally, ISO 9001:2008 audit as part of quality management is carried by organizations with the objective of enhancing organizational efficiency and effectiveness towards the achievement of customer satisfaction. It is through ISO 9001:2008 that an organization increases its level of transparency and confidence to other stakeholders. The chosen company Al-Futtaim Motors, which was founded in 1955, has been chosen as the organization for the analysis (Al-Futtaim Motors). The UAE based company is the major automotive company in the region. As a growing sector in the Middle East, UAE has emerged as a major market. Al-Futtaim Motors, which is the main Toyota and Lexus distributor in the region, has experienced an increase in sales in 2012 (Global Capital 2012). To meet the demand in the region, Al-Futtaim Motors has opened a new branch in Abu Dhabi (Global Capital 2012). Also, the company has opened a showroom in Aldar’s Motor World and is on the verge of opening others in Abu Dhabi. Al-Futtaim Motors is the sole agent for Hino Genuine parts, Lexus genuine parts, and the Toyota Genuine parts (Al-Futtaim Motors 2012). Al-Futtaim Motors become ISO certified after receiving a quality management certification issued by the Det Norske Veritas (DNV). The ISO 9001:2008 certification to Al-Futtaim Motors acts as a clear indication that the company’s services in terms of quality and customer satisfaction have been excellent. Also, the ISO 9001:2008 certificate acts as evidence that portrays the company’s commitment and operational improvement towards customer’s expectations. Also, the provision of the ISO 9001:2008 certificate is a clear testament that the company is committed to improving its proc
Introduction Presentations form a way of passing information from one person to the other, from one group to another, and/or from one person to a group. Different groups have so far adopted presentations by fashioning them in a way that would serve their purpose. They have been used in classrooms and lecture halls. They have come in handy in business forums and meetings as well as in offices. The best presentations that have captured the attention of many people have been computer presentations. In this case, the most common ones include the PowerPoint presentation and the most recent prezi presentation. The question therefore rests in the determination the better of the two modes. Prezi vs. PowerPoint David Wicks and Phil Bird have taken the debate on the difference and relationship between prezi and PowerPoint to the next level. They have come out to write about the two ways of making presentations. Their findings are simply a comparison tool for an individual to use in his or her choice of a presentation mode. According to Wicks, both presentation modes are good to use depending on what the individual presenter wants to present based on his or her choice of format. However, this case does not take away the fact that prezi has come out as the most interesting to use between the two modes. Wicks finds that PowerPoint was the only and main presentation tool for a long time in that many people were so satisfied with it such that they never thought about other software presentations for a long time. PowerPoint as a presentation tool has enjoyed popularity due to it being the first such computer-based presentation tool. For a long time, it had no rival on this matter. PowerPoint software is under the ownership of the Microsoft computer company, which uses it as part of the Microsoft software operating system. Thus, it is limited to use in Microsoft operating computers only. PowerPoint also operates on the Mac OS versions. Hence, it can be said to be compatible with two of the most popular operating systems. As Bird finds out, the PowerPoint presentation comes in the form of slides that one has to prepare beforehand. Therefore, slides constitute the main feature of PowerPoint from where an individual is supposed to write and present the story. Once a presentation has been prepared on the PowerPoint system, it will have to be presented the way it is because it cannot allow many changes to be made. Any changes made can only be made on the already made slides. PowerPoint comes out as a linear presentation, which allows an individual to make presentations by following a certain order on the slides. It therefore calls for one to organize his or her work sequentially for giving it coherence. The slides on a PowerPoint presentation follow a strict order. However, the
Introduction Newton’s second law is of fundamental importance to learning and understanding physics. This law states that the rate at which momentum of an object changes is proportional to the forces imposed and goes in the direction of the force. The law is represented by the formula F = Ma where F is the force applied in a particular direction, M is the mass of the object upon which the force has been applied, and ‘a’ is the acceleration in the direction of the force (Serway and Jewett 5). The concept of Newton’s second law stems from mass and force applied on the same. Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is a scalar quantity meaning that it has no direction. The heavier the objects, the larger the mass of that object. When force is applied to an object, the object responds to the force based on its mass. A massive object responds slowly compared to a lighter object. When force is applied on an object, it becomes unbalanced if it does not meet an equally opposing force. As a result, there will be acceleration depending on the direction of force applied with an inverse relation to the mass of the object. Newton’s second law of motion is vital in science because it aids in understanding behaviours of universe. The universe exerts its action through force and matter, which are important pillars that Newton’s second law provides a relation for the same. This relationship aids in summing up Newton’s three laws. Weight and Mass Mass is the quantity of matter in an object. It is a scalar quantity meaning that it has no direction. This implies that the mass of an object will be the same everywhere in the world and the outer space. Weight on the other hand is the measure of the force of gravity acting on the object. It is a vector quantity meaning that it has mass and direction. The gravity is a force that holds objects on the ground. If this force is weak, the weight of the object will be less since there will be less force holding the object. This implies that weight of an object changes with the change of place and is therefore not constant in the outer space (VanCleave 2). If a one kilogram mass is attached to a spring balance on earth, it will read one kilogram. Moreover, if a mass of one kilogram on earth is placed on a beam balance, it will require a one kilogram mass on the opposite end to balance it. When the two experiments are carried out on the moon, the spring balance will read about 100 grams while the beam balance will still require the same amount of one kilogram weight to balance the mass on the other side. This denotes that mass is constant but weight varies. Free fall vs. Terminal Vel
Introduction An RN (Registered Nurse) refers to a nurse who has qualified in a university or college nursing program. In addition, he has passed the national licensing exam. The key role of RNs is to assist groups, families, and clients to curb disease and acquire health. They carry out activities related to the care of the injured and sick in health institutions. Some RNs work in private hospitals, government hospitals, or healthcare companies. The majority of the RNS first practice as LVNs (Licensed Vocational Nurse) or LPNs (Licensed Practical Nurse). The practice scope of registered nurses depends on the regional association or college, and the government operating in a particular region. These bodies stipulate the legal practice and tasks. The term LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse) is mostly used in Canada and US (Smeltzer et al, 2010). It refers to nurses who care for the disabled, convalescent, injured, and sick, and they are given directions by physicians and registered nurses. This paper aims at discussing the differences between LPNs and RNs regarding management and leadership, professional responsibilities, and education preparation to engage in evidence-based practice. Moreover, there will be a personal reflection of the journey from LPN to RN. Management and Leadership RNs are expected to perform higher compared to LPNs. The roles of LPNs are more task-oriented. On the other hand, RNs are supposed to see the larger picture. RNs are required to scrutinize issues more deeply, as well as assess all the underlying conditions. They are obligated to consider the patient’s here-and-now condition. Usually, registered nurses are supposed to perform the first patient assessment. Afterward, LPNs can perform their assessment. However, the initial one has to be performed by the registered nurse (Williams & Gallimore, 2008). RNs and LPNs can work together during patient assessment. The registered nurse is the only one who can formulate the patient’s diagnosis, and plan how the entire care will proceed. Furthermore, the care plan is formulated by the registered nurse, and he also starts the necessary nursing actions to offer healthcare. The LPNs are obligated to oversee the implementation of the care plans developed by RNs. The registered nurse can instruct the LPN regarding the measures for nursing. However, the LPN can only carry out those obligations that are within their practice or license scope (Unruh, 2009). LPNs are supervised directly by registered nurses, which is dependent on the employment place. It is worth pointing out that LPNs and RNs have to work cooperatively. During home care, LPNs have to inform and call registered to seek their confirmation before making any transformations to the healthcare plan. Professional Responsibilities The duties of LPNs and RNs are similar. However, registered nurses carry out more medical obligations; the roles of RNs are more medically comprehensive compared to the roles of LPNs. LPNs’ principal practice scope is bedside care. RNs have the ability and authority to carry out some tasks which LPNs canno
There is a movie that impressed me a lot recently. It is Tim Burton’s Big Fish, telling a story about a man, Edward Bloom, who adores telling made-up stories about his life, and nobody trusts those stories, especially his son Will. The last one is so disappointed with his father’s passion for telling fairy tales about his life that he doesn’t talk to him for a long time and blame him for his attitude. According to Will’s opinion, his father’s attitude made Will unable to trust other people. At the end of Edward’s life, his son realizes that his father mostly told the truth but exaggerated his stories to make them brighter. While watching this movie, I was trying to compare its main ideas with Ovid’s Metamorphoses. The intention of his poetry can be defined with just four lines, which can obviously be connected to the sense of his poetry in general. My intention is to tell of bodies changed To different forms; the gods, who made the changes, Will help me — or I hope so — with a poem That runs from the world’s beginning to our own days (Ovid 29). Just like Ovid in his Metamorphoses, the main character in Big Fish sees the sense of his life in telling stories about people and events that can be changed to different forms. Similar to Metamorphoses, where Ovid tells a mythological story starting with the creation of the world and ending with his own time, Edward tells the story of his own life. While Ovid’s narration starts with the creation of the world and ends with his own time, Bloom states the story, where his friend Karl is a giant, dancers Ping and Jing are Siamese twins, and Amos, the girl he was in love with, is a werewolf. However, there is a difference in the way that Edward tells his stories. All the characters in Metamorphoses are made up of, for example, gods. In a Big Fish, though, the main characters are only overstated. In my opinion, the only exception is Amos, a werewolf. The last one is obviously a made-up mythological character, which can not be just exaggerated. As for the rest of the characters in the movie, Edward’s son finds out in the end that his father was mostly telling the truth. Will meets his father’s friends near the river, where everyone comes to say goodbye to his father. Karl appears to be really tall for a regular man -7 feet, 6 inches. As for Ping and Jing, they are twins from Siam in Asia, but not Siamese twins. These facts make Will believe that his father’s stories have sense. Moreover, he later thinks they are brilliant. That is why he decides to retell them to his son after his father’s death. In both Metamorphoses and a Big Fish, the authors decided to analyze transformations using exaggerations. Ovid uses mythological characters and gods in his work. For example, he tells the story of Jupiter, who sends floods to the world. Edward tells more down-to-earth stor