ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Any aspect of healthcare professional activity involves conforming to certain rules and regulations peculiar for that sphere. However, there are also some issues that are common for all healthcare organizations or departments. Confidentiality and informed consent belong to the list of such requirements to medical workers. In Al-Rahba hospital laboratories, all employees realize the significance of these issues and the impact of non-compliance on patients’ lives and hospital’s reputation. The current paper will discuss the most crucial norms and regulations concerning confidentiality and informed consent. Definition of Informed Consent and Confidentiality in Relation to Laboratory Work Practices Informed consent is the process of obtaining people’s permission to participate in some healthcare intervention (1). In relation to laboratory practice, patients give their permission to sharing the information about their test results with specialists who will evaluate the results and prescribe the necessary treatment methods. It is a crucial requirement for every laboratory worker to make sure that all patients understand their rights. Additionally, customers should be explained what to expect in the case if they do not agree to disclose their results to anyone. Confidentiality is considered the most crucial factor in defining medical profession (2). Confidentiality is defined as a principle of keeping patients’ information secure from others. This principle is the core standard of medical profession. Due to confidentiality, any medical worker, including laboratory employees, can arrange patients’ privacy and maintain the relationships of trust and understanding between healthcare providers and patients. In the age of the development of digital technologies, there appear new challenges to confidentiality. Electronic methods of storing and sharing information have made the work of medical workers much easier (2). However, such possibilities have also brought more threats to patient security and data safety. Therefore, it is crucial for all healthcare providers, including laboratory employees, to resort to all possible means of keeping patients’ private data away from any persons or organizations whose possession and use of such information may cause harm for the customers. Principles and Legislation Underpinning Confidentiality and Informed Consent Violating patients’ right to confidentiality and informed consent is regulated by legislation. The following UAE federal laws and regulations are employed to govern consent in healthcare settings (3):   * Federal Law No. 7 of 1975 concerning the practice of human medicine;   * Federal Law No. 10 of 2008 concerning medical liability;   * Cabinet Decision No. 33 of 2009 issuing the implementing regulation of federal law No. 10 of 2008 concerning medical liability;   * Law No. 23 of 2005 concerning health insurance in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the implementing regulation;   * Federal Law No. 27 of 1981 concerning communicable disease prevention;   * HAAD health professional policy manual: chapter IV – professional duties;   * HAAD health insurer policy manual: chapter VII – HA
Through the centuries, nature was used in literature to symbolize the way our ancestors used to live. Times might change, but human’s connection to the world of nature would always stay the same and show their concerns with life and death, the beginning and the ending. The theme of nature especially deeply relates to the life of native Americans. This Term paper will address the aspect of symbolism in relationship with nature in as suggested in Red Jacket’s Indian Speech with Benjamin Franklin’s Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America. Both works of Franklin and Red Jacket have a common outstanding explanation of ancient hunting as well as a short depiction of spirits that provided the people with crops to seed and animals to hunt. Both authors tend to use those segments to stand their motives while explaining that this is the order; this is how things should go in their understanding. Although both authors used the same theme in the same character in their works, the emotional tone of the two fragments is very different. Franklin decided to choose a more informative and engaging tone of telling to emphasize the righteousness of the deeds of his people and the mercifulness of the spirit. Moreover, Franklin portrays the story of the spirit of nature almost in the form of a legend. Red Jacket’s speech, on the other hand, resembles religious texts, is heavily emotional and filled with the love and warmth of The Great Spirit. To further analyze the symbolism of people’s relationship with nature, the paper will compare Benjamin Franklin’s work to Red Jacket’s speech in terms of various rhetorical devices like metaphors and emotive use of language.
The Elements of the Process Control and how Control Charts are Used To Monitor a Process Process control includes various elements that maintain the conduct of the system. The definition of the controlled detail is the primary process control component. Next, it is vital to measure the characteristic that allows to do so and compare them afterward. Besides, it is crucial to evaluate and establish nonrandom variables to ensure control over the whole process. Control charts are used in the evaluative process of statistical control to define the randomness of variability. Its control chart’s structure allows calculating the range of acceptable characteristics for the statistics. If the process is described as out of control, an essential element is to correct the mistakes. Finally, monitoring the results is the final component of the process control. Control Charts for Variables (Mean Chart, Range Chart) The mean and range chart is a pair of control charts used in processes with multiple subgroup sizes. Mean tables are meant to monitor the processes’ central tendencies and are based on a normal distribution. It shows the trend of how the average changes over time. There are two strategies for constructing mean charts; each depends on the available information. The range chart controls the process of dispersion and demonstrates how the range of subgroups changes over a timespan (Stevenson, 2015). The range and mean charts allow determining the process’s stability and predicting its behavior. Control Charts for Attributes (P-Chart, C-Chart) Control chart for attributes is utilized for the counted processes, with two possible models – a p-chart for a fraction of defective items and the c-chart determining the number of defects per unit. p-Chart allows to count the number of faulty items in a process and is used when the data consists of two items classifications (Stevenson, 2015). Besides, the p-chart’s way of working is conceptually similar to the mean chart’s. C-chart is generally utilized when it is possible to count the number of occurrences per unit. The estimated value is further used to establish control limits of the processes’ nonconformities. The Concepts That Underlie Their Effective Application The usage of control charts precisely defines multiple variables, however, requiring a lot of time for its computing. Control charts allow estimating aspects of the processes that could go wrong, timely preventing them. Running tests after compiling control diagrams is an efficient way to check for sequence pa
The period between 1939 to1941 remains a historical predisposition for the Jews and Nazi-Germans as it was the period of the Holocaust. It was a time that the rivalry between the Jews and Nazi emanated. In light of this, many Jews were murdered by people whom they had lived cohesively. The details of those events are detailed by two books written by Jan Gross and Jan Karski respectively. Published on diverse dates, these books chronicle the events that happened in a realistic approach. The events that catapulted the mass murders of Polish Jews are chronicled in Jan T. Gross’s book, Neighbors: The destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland by fellow citizens in a village resided by the Nazi’s in Poland . In the book published in 2001, the author uses pieces of eye witnesses’ accounts to produce the book that received criticism across the geographical divide. Murderous acts were carried out by people on Jedwabne’s existing Jews. It was in 1941 and the Jews knew the people who carried out the act well. They had lived cohesively but on this fateful day, their friends turned to foes. The murderous acts were executed in an inhuman way. For example, the Jewish population in Poland were confined in a barn then set on fire. On the other hand, the Story of a secret state , written by Jan Karski provides a personal experience of the Nazi-Jewish mass killings in Poland. Karski was a doctoral student in Poland. He gives an account of how the killings were executed in his book. Published in1944, the book delves information and the details of the massacre from a personal view. Karski narrates that while in a group of other Polish soldiers, they were held hostage by Russian soldiers under wooden barns. In light of this, Karski plotted an escape with the help of fellow hostage, Lieutenant Kurpios. He underwent numerous traps and landed himself as a Polish underground in various countries including France. He travelled to London to inform the Polish government in exile there on the pains of the Jewish people [1] . In his experiences he encountered the difficulties that the Jewish community was undergoing in their foreign land. Critique Gross’s book has arguably led to a foray of criticism from various quarters. These quarters have been ethnologists and historians. Gross relied heavily on third party knowledge with minimal consultations in other study tools such as historical facts in archives. Historians argue that Gross’s work is more like a journal article and not as a work of history. For example, he uses the setting of burning barn of Jedwabne to construct Polish-Jewish relations. He arguably focuses on particulars to make generalizations, simply known as inductive reasoning. For instance, he makes generalizations on limited data. Moreover, the book is so shallow in giving the detai
Introduction The global approach toward the political and economical situation within countries provides different changes on the pathway of the world community to be united and protected from the negative influences of the world. This is why the aim of being a member of some great union is taken into account by civilized and developing countries. It is necessary for making the existence within countries of the world more appropriate and convenient while providing relationships of a different type. In this respect, the economic, as well as financial approach in the unification of countries, plays a great role. The ability and readiness of major countries and their leaders, particularly, to make the right decisions and theoretically correct steps should be of great significance. Moreover, the theory for global change in such vital dimensions should prop up against previous studies and historical experience in a particular field. Economic and Monetary Union in Europe is one of the gravest examples when driven by one idea several countries agreed to unite under some points in the agreement, one of which is the same currency. The research in the paper is dedicated to the problem of “openness” and its importance for the countries which agree to unite in a monetary union. Thus, it is vital to work out whether openness is the main condition for membership in a monetary union or it is just a consequence of it. Notwithstanding the situation at a different epoch monetary unions were a strong and reliable background for countries being members in it, and openness was an obligatory condition for making unions. Discussion First of all, it is necessary to point out that any change in the global scope can cause either positive or negative outcomes for the particular country. In this respect, the point on current monetary policy promoted in internal relationships of this definite country plays a great role. De Grauwe (2005) insists on the fact that when a country seeks improvements in making union with some other countries it should take into consideration the costs of the monetary change and, what is more, the ability to forget about national monetary policy and to join the global approach. In other words, the credibility of a country to be open toward some changes is particularly emphasized when making unions. In the example of the European countries, it is seen with some hints on pre-arranged conditions of participants before and while signing the agreement on EMU. The historical background has some examples of monetary unions acknowledged by some countries. Scandinavian Monetary Union is one such example. According to Cottrell et al (2007), two main constituents were pointed out while making an agreement for monetary union
Introduction Credibility of any research paper depends on the methods of data collection and analysis used. Nurses use a number of research methods to gather and analyse information about varied illnesses in the nursing field. One of the research methods that the nurses use commonly is quantitative research. Nurses identify different variables and collect data to determine the correlation between the variables (Burns & Grove 1997). The data is normally in numerical form and it is analysed using statistical methods. This paper will critically analyse a research paper conducted to determine the clinical efficacy of larval therapy using a standard debridement method. The paper will analyse the study design used by the pollsters. It will then analyse the sampling techniques used for the research as well as the method of data collection applied. Furthermore, the paper will critique reliability and validity of the study tools used. Besides, it will identify any bias that is manifested in the research. Importance of the topic Nurses encounter challenges when serving patients suffering from different illnesses. One of the challenges occurs when treating patients suffering from venous leg ulcers, which lead to patients suffering from chronic lesions. Nurses use various approaches to treat these patients; however, the majority of the approaches do not help to achieve a lasting solution (Burns & Grove 1997). The wounds keep on relapsing. Hence, nurses are looking for a therapy that will help to address this problem. Larval therapy is one of the treatment procedures that nurses are currently using to treat venous leg ulcers. This topic is critical to the nursing field as it will help to determine the relevant method of analysis to use when analysing data concerning challenges facing the patients. Besides, the topic will help nurses to gain experience in how to develop a research design, hence ensuring that they conduct a comprehensive and unbiased research. Importance of research in nursing Nursing research entails a comprehensive approach and perceives the cure of the sick, caregivers, and family members as a whole. Research helps to come up with healing methods that cover the entire community that partakes in taking care of the sick. Therefore, it not only helps to alleviate suffering but also nurtures a healthy community. In addition, research helps nurses to evaluate the need for actions, hence intervening before a health problem arises (Hootman 2002). Besides, it helps the nurses to foresee possible results of particular nursing decisions. Consequently, research aids nurses to avert possible dangers by making sure that they are prepared for any eventuality in the course of their activities. Presently, the nursing field suffers from an escalation in costs associated with health care. Research will help nurses to come up with c
In Medina, two communities, namely, Khazraj and the Aws, had been battling for some time. They recognized Prophet Muhammad as Allah’s messenger who had accepted Islam as declared in the Aqaba Pledge. The immediate arrival of Prophet Muhammad in Medina was marked by unity and peace between the warring communities. However, due to concerns over the welfare of all Medina people, He also decided to provide services to other communities, including the Jews. This situation led to the Treaty of Medina, which was ratified by non-Muslims, including Arabs, the Jews of Medina, and the Muslim communities. The treaty promised to safeguard the rights of all people by ensuring that they spread justice, rather than becoming rebellious, spreading enmity, or engaging in sedition. The Treaty of Najran involved Prophet Muhammad’s honor for Najran people and their surroundings. The prophet declared a decision for accepting the supply of garments at the specified price of not more than 40 Dirham for every piece. The Islamic government would also help people of Najran to overcome the danger of war from Yemen based on the terms specified in the treaty. Allah and the prophet would also protect Najran people’s places of worship, property, land, and lives provided they gave up usury. Prophet Muhammad had high respect for non-Muslims. Justice was universal to all people, irrespective of their religion. Prophet Muhammad made a covenant that non-Muslims and Muslims would equally work in Islamic nations if their economic activities were acceptable in Islam, for instance, through avoidance of usury. Prophet Muhammad, the messenger of Allah, adheres to the values of respecting other people, irrespective of their religious beliefs, ethnicity, gender, or any other differentiation criteria. This claim is evidenced by His treatment of Muslims and non-Muslims as documented in the Treaty of Madina, Treaty of Najran, and His general treatment of non-Muslims. Pro
What is scope creep, and why should a project manager be concerned about it? Scope creep refers to the changes that cannot be avoided in the scope of a project. This mainly happens in cases where the given project’s scope is not defined well, documented poorly, or not controlled properly. This is a negative happening in project management, and measures should be put in place to avoid its possible occurrence. Generally, it’s also referred to as requirement creep. It involves fresh products or upcoming features of existing product designs during project implementation, without substantial addition in the resources, time, and finances. The project team is usually faced with the danger of moving away from their planned goals to focus on those coming along the way. The project manager should take care of scope creep because as the project’s scope expands, more duties have to be performed within the original budget and time that was prepared for less recourse. This makes the project team run short of its original monetary and time plan (Gray and Larson, 2008). “We cannot afford to terminate the project now. We have already spent more than 50 percent of the project budget.” A project termination decision of a project that has used more than 50% of its budget, its budget leads to the abandonment of the given project. It’s not an easy decision to come up with given that many resources have been invested in it, and its termination leads to significant losses. However, such a decision can still be made due to the presence of challenging factors on the ground that hinder the realization of the set goals and objectives, e.g., the sudden withdrawal of the funding agency, a preliminary evaluation showing the project will not realize its objectives, unexpected loss of valuable resources among other reasons (Gray and Larson, 2008). What role does a project retrospective perform? How is this different than a post-project evaluation conducted by the project manager and the project team? The main goal of a project retrospective is to gain in-depth understanding (learning) by analyzing a software development project and recognizing the activities, processes, and characteristics that were important and which ones were not. On the other hand, a post-project evaluation aims to find out to which extent the project meets its budget, schedule, and other crucial measurable performance indicators (Gray and Larson, 2008). What should an audit report include? The audit report should include the following components:  1. Summary: This consists of the most critical points of the given audit report in brief. It summarizes all the sections of the report.  2. Introduction: This section encompasses all the details of the report, such as people, locality, and any other information regarding auditing. The goals and reasons for the audit have to be discussed here.  3. Findings: Thorough audit information gathered from the field should be presented in the appendix. Performance evaluations can’t be avoidable to the
Introduction This Financial Research Report presents a possible investment opportunity for a client interested in the US stock market. The company chosen for the client is Tesla Motors, Inc. Established in the year 2003 and went public in the year 2010, Tesla designs develops, manufactures, and sells its high-end electric cars and solar energy storage products in the US, Europe, China, and other global markets. Its flagship cars are mainly sedan and sports utility cars. A rationale for choosing the company for which to invest Tesla Motors, Inc. is the pioneer electric car manufacturer, which is viewed as a great firm given consumers’ enthusiasm for its sports utility, sedan cars, and solar energy storage products. The company’s Model S is highly evaluated while Model 3 got nearly 290,000 pre-orders. Economic significant Tesla is a company that has brought about major changes in the automobile industry. The established sales channels with no distributors and innovative technologies, including solar energy storage have deeper implications for both the energy and transport sectors. That is, Tesla is a company with innovative products and technologies with huge potential to disrupt significant fractions of the economy and enhance the US economic growth for many decades. The firm is poised for growth, as will be seen in the stock analysis later in this report. The disruptive nature of this company makes it vital for the economy in specific areas related to employment and inflation and, therefore, of interest to any investors. Tesla has automated most of its manufacturing processes to save costs on human labor. Also, it has significantly embraced new technologies to reduce the overall headcount in the factory – a move that has suppressed growth in wages. Of course, this approach has assisted the company to mitigate issues associated with skyrocketing labor costs and other uncompetitive labor practices. Consequently, it can save significantly on employee compensation and benefits. Additionally, Tesla has embarked on disrupting the traditional model of a car dealership by focusing on online car sales, few showrooms, and almost no advertisement expenses. Tesla is an exemplar of technological realization and its disruption in economies. Although the company has relatively a small production number relative to gasoline-fuelled cars, the company’s production capacity is expected to rise each year as demand increases. That is to say, the electric car market is growing steadily and rapidly than earlier anticipated. Keen analysts and investors have noted that the number of electric cars on the road in the US will reach five percent by the year 2025. This project will ultimately shift oil consumption in the US and lead to a decline in oil demands. The reduction in demands will be attributed to