ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The global arena has experienced many changes thus hoping that the future will bring some hope for peace and welfare. The two World Wars succeeded by the Cold War made people think that nothing more terrific will happen in future. However, the expectations have not been surpassed and the world still witnesses the international conflicts whose major corner stones are social and economical politics based on racism and gender discrimination (Jones et al. 2001, 2). Hence, the international relation theories appeared as a science whose primary purpose was to define the alternative ways of eliminating war and shaping a stable and peaceful society. Gradually, many scholars developed their theories of the conflict resolutions. The researchers attempted to interfere with main problems of human relationship and to answer what factors could facilitate the international cooperation. The movie Maria Full of Grace is the story that reflects all the hardships of international relationships. The film also dwells on the economic and social problems that exist in the countries of the third world. In the film, a Columbian 17 years-old girl Maria, who works at the flower factory, is the only hope for her family to survive. When she learns that she is pregnant, she, nevertheless, refuses to marry her future child’s farther. The girl appears to be in a desperate need of money thus looking for any job opportunity. So Maria decides to become a drug mule traveling from Columbia to New York. Her best friend, Blanca, joins her since she believes that is the only way to survive from the awful job and bored life. In the film, the girls are not treated like victims but as the volunteers that consciously choose this way of life. Anyway, the Maria is the victim of the economic and political pressures and the movie brightly depicts the vices of society and human relationships. The thrust of the story is focused on the feministic experience of the Third World women who strive to be independent and individual. The trip from Columbia to New York symbolizes the existence of cultural, social, and economical gap between the two different worlds. This gap identifies the impossibility to overcome corruption and injustice in the international society where humans dehumanize other humans. The story also illustrates the migration process and the way the immigrants are treated by the boarder controllers. The ordinary interpretation of the daily life routines serves as the grey background for t
Abstract Real Estate Industry in UAE has been experiencing growth of 20% per annum. As demand for housing increases, the industry strives to meet the demand by rolling out multimillion apartment projects such as the one in the Greens at Emirates Golf Club, Dubai. However, such big projects may not meet their goal, especially when response from end users is negative. Fortunately, the Real Estate Regulatory Authority in Dubai (RERA) has been mandated by the government to regulate this industry and review customer concerns. In the last one year, occupants of the newly completed multimillion-dollar apartment project in The Greens have registered to RERA on the billing system on water and electricity consumption. This prompted RERA to commission an inquiry into the planning of this apartment. Interestingly, the body established some faults in the planning blueprint. Due to confidentially, I have chosen to call it Project X. Thus, this research treatise attempts to review the question explicitly; how do bad planning affects the outcome of a project? Qualitative research methods are adopted and recommendations made from the findings. The findings supported literature review, which suggested that bad planning leads to end-user dissatisfaction since success of a project is determines by end-users’ perception on satisfaction level. Introduction Planning determines customer satisfaction and perception on success of a project. Planning process involves incorporation of different views of stakeholders into a single unit outcome expected to reflect these views with precision. However, the overall success is determined by end users who are the target consumers of the project. Quality of service delivery and tailoring customized demands for potential service users determine final perception placed on the project. Therefore, planners often strive to meet demands of the market with the cost constraint. Despite their measure variables of success, actual success is determined by perception of final consumers. Thus, this research treatise attempts to explicitly establish the relationship between bad planning and success of the final outcome of a project form the customer satisfaction and perception angle. Besides, the research will review findings and make independent recommendations on the research topic. Background of research Recently, the topic of utility and service charges has become a hot debate amongst the residents of apartment complexes in Dubai. Many people pay utility bills that do not reflect their actual consumption of electricity and water. The Real Estate Regulatory Authority in Dubai (RERA), which is the sector responsible for these matters, had to step in and find out the root cause of this problem. After requesting to have a look at documentations of the planning phases of apartment complex projects, they have discovered that a mistake was made during the planning process of most of the apartment complexes within the Emirate (Deulgaonkar 2012). This mistake was that there was no separate electricity or water mete
Introduction   * Organizations develop certain philosophies or ways of doing their own goings-on over time.   * This mode of administration leads to the formation of organizational culture.   * Organizational culture is a critical subject in modern organizations. It requires verification, quantification, and validation of organizational structures.   * It serves as an important dimension that guides organizational analysis.   * Organizational culture comprises all values, norms, and behaviors among other aspects that govern the functions of the operational structures of an organization.   * These aspects of an organization require periodic review through various survey methodologies and instruments to ensure that their functionality remains valid with reference to the changing consumer demands.   * Different organizational structures vary in complexity and changeability, owing to the nature of the external and internal factors that determine the ultimate functionality of the organizations. Organizational culture is a mode of working that specifies how employees need to interact with one another and the organization. It specifies the expectations of all workers. Assessment of organizational culture is important to plan for implementation of organizational change. Different organizations engage in particular diagnosis methodologies to meet the specific needs that arise within them. Consequently, organizational culture demands the understanding of the organization’s status quo prior to examination, quantification, and validation of the individual organizational units. To achieve this knowledge, there is always a need to conduct an organizational evaluation using appropriate survey methodologies and instruments. Organizational Culture Survey Methodologies and Instruments Available for Purchase   * The assessment of an organization involves the use of various survey methodologies and instruments.   * The widely used tool in organizational assessment is the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI).   * The consequences of the OCAI survey methodology entail assessment of several philosophy categories of the CVF.   * The categories include racial traditions, adhocracy customs, bazaar ways of life, and hierarchy customs. Figure 1 shows these categories   * Since the OCAI is founded on the Competing Values Framework, it is possible to examine and analyze a vast scope of organizational occurrences.   * The four types of organizational cultures correspond to the quadrants of the Competing Values Framework, which include flexibility versus stability and internal focus versus external focus.   * Organizational Culture Questionnaire (OCQ) is another instrument that enables the examination of the human factors within an organization.   * This survey instrument explores values, attitudes, and general behaviors of an organization’s workforce through rigorous comparison of individual effo
Purpose/rationale – Building and property managers face a difficult task because they have to balance the legal requirements that will protect occupants of the high-rise buildings. Most developers do not abide by fire or building codes that require the buildings to be effective in providing emergency evacuation measures 1 . The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the present evacuation plans. Strategies that are used in building evacuations are very crucial in high-rise building fire safety. According to Butler, most studies have focused on elevators and exit stairs evacuation systems 2 . The responses that were attributed to the evacuees during the 2001 attack at the WTC have ignited a lot of interest in the studies on evacuations in tall buildings. As stated by Winerman, architects have failed to consider appropriate emergency cases on evacuation 3 . Aim – This study aims at developing strategies to assist planning committees to develop effective building evacuations in high-rise buildings for fire safety. Objective – The objective of this study is to evaluate possible improvements to be used in high-rise buildings through an investigation of occupant relocation and strategies for evacuation that involve the use of modern technology. This study involves a review and compilation of available information on this subject. In addition, this study provides an overview of architectural design, regulatory, as well as, a better understanding of the existing and emerging evacuation strategies. Literature review – Evacuation plans for high- rise buildings is a controversial issue 4 . Building and regulatory agencies have taken a sensitive look at planning and evacuation phases for high-rise buildings. Some of the issues regarding evacuation plans involving tall buildings are concerned with the losses that occupants may encounter when they have to evacuate their premises 5 . Because of their large scale and great height, the relation between existing technology and architectural design has been very dynamic in high-rise buildings 6 . The current architecture can be better understood through the recognition of the directions used in the design of architectural buildings 7 . In the recent years, high-rise structures have become even much taller and the importance of the optimal structure design has become even more significant. The issues of vertical transportation, life safety, as well as fire safety have become very crucial in the high-rise buildings 8 . Due to their great heights, the high-rise buildings have a design with enormous amount of resources and energy during their occupancy 9 . Currently, sustainability has become an important issue in the design of high-rise buildings in order to save the existing limited resources. With the prevailing status, there is concern that these types of structures have generated a more thorough work on investigation into their roles and the technologies, which has become very important in the construction industry. However, the suggestion that high-rise buildings are necessary to prevent congestion is impossible to sustain 10 . It is im
The study conducted by Linares, Heeren, Bronfman, Zuckerman, Augustyn and Tronick in 2001 investigated the role of maternal distress and exposure to community violence on early child development behaviors. In this study, the hypothesis that community violence has a direct effect on early child problematic behaviors regardless of the effects of maternal socio-economic stress and family aggression was tested. The alternative hypothesis was that community violence indirectly affects early childhood behaviors through the effects of maternal distress. Lastly, the study hypothesized that there is a link between maternal distress and problematic internalized and externalized child behaviors. The recruitment of the participants involved a stringent screening exercise to isolate participants prone to community violence and its influence on psychological functioning. The sample selection involved five urban areas with high crime rates in the city of Boston. The selection of the participants involved two-level eligibility screening process. Level one screening involved a cross-sectional sample of 689 children aged between 3, 0 and 5, 11 of which 89% confirmed participation in the study exercise. These underwent level two screening exercise, which involved contacting the participants to determine further eligibility. Some participant mothers were excluded in the level two eligibility screening because they were not in the recommended age, not the primary guardian to the child, had not stayed in the target area long enough or received Supplement Security Income. Furthermore, children with chronic medical problems or with genetic disability were also excluded from the study. The remaining participants 160 in total participated in the study. The study involved two groups of participants based on various indicators of community violence. Fear of crime, social disorder and perceived crime classified the participants into chronic violence category while co-witnessed crime placed the participants into a second category. In this study, the collection of data on social disorder and perceived crime involved the use of community survey questionnaires (Howell 34). Self-reports and interviews were used to collect data on partner aggression towards mother or child, mother’s socio-economic status and maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms. A correlation design used involved the comparison of direct and indirect effects of community violence on child behavior with standardized regression coefficients estimates of model 1 and 2. Furthermore, there was comparison of these models with other models to determine their suitability in describing the research data. The study using the various models found out that problematic early child behaviors were experienced in children residing in high-crime areas, those where mothers had low social economic status and those without public assistance. The study also found out that exposure to community vi
Compare and contrast the two definitions of Instructional Design in 1970 The two definitions of Instructional Design (ID) of 1970 have some aspects in common, but they also differ considerably. As far as similarities are concerned, the two definitions state that ID is aimed at providing proper instructions for students to learn more effectively (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). The two definitions also mention that there are certain tools used for instructing learners. However, the two definitions differ in the central concepts. The first definition focuses on the tools used, i.e. films, projectors, etc. At the same time, the second definition focuses on the approach. According to this definition, ID is a complex approach involving analysis, design, and conduction of learning and teaching processes. Describe how Instructional Design has evolved from its beginnings through to the present day. What changed in the 50s-70s? ID has evolved throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Initially, educators focused on the media. They claimed that ID is a set of tools that help in learning. These means were films, lantern slides, etc. The development of technology inevitably led to a change in ID. Television became largely used in the 50-60ss. It is possible to note that the abundance of media led to the change of approach. In the 1970s, educators developed a new vision and stated that ID was a complex process that involved analysis, evaluation, and implementation. The Internet also changed ID in the 1990s (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). In the late 1990s, educators developed a new approach. They focused on such aspects as ethics and facilitating the learning process. Thus, ID was aimed at encouraging or even inspiring learners to work harder. The present-day definition also takes into account these concepts, but it also involves the management of the tools and approaches used in ID. Explain why taking a student-centered approach to instructional design can be a powerful paradigm shift. Compare and contrast this approach to a “teacher-centered” approach. The teacher-centered approach presupposes rather strict instructions from the teacher. The teacher provides instructions that are to be followed by students. The teacher uses tools that help reveal this or that concept. When it comes to the student-centered approach, the teacher takes into account the learning styles of students (Harris & Clutter, 2010). The major concept of this approach is to facilitate learning, to make learners inspired and eager to know more. Admittedly, this approach can become a powerful shift as it helps teachers to evaluate the tools and methods used and develop effective strategies applicable in different class settings. The student-centered approach can be regarded as a basis for effective ID as it leads to effective learning. Explain why it is difficult to wri
Abstract In the recent past, shaped charges have dominated the weaponry market apparently due to their effectiveness in achieving deeper penetration of the targets. Military officers are increasingly adopting it in warfare. Shaped charges have a long history since they emerged in the 18 th century. At the time, they were being used by miners before being recognized as weapons. As technology advanced, modern charges evolved. Such charges are now being used for warfare purposes. The recent embracement of charges for mining and warfare purposes has prompted research to uncover the technology that makes them effective. Consequently, the literature regarding the mechanics of shaped charges has grown tremendously. This paper explores the modern shaped charges to inform the reader about their operations. To achieve the stated objective, the paper gives a comprehensive definition of shaped charges, its mechanics, and its application in the military. The paper will then compile a conclusion, which will be a summary of the themes discussed. Introduction Shaped charges refer to some special types of explosives, which are perforated on the attacking side. The perforated charges take different shapes. They may be conical, hemispheric, or trumpet fashioned (Held, 2001). Shaped charges were originally used in mining, particularly making holes on rocks to facilitate the digging of minerals. Today, their application has expanded to other areas such as demolition of buildings, making steel products, and perforation of holes on hard services. In addition to the highlighted areas, the charges are increasingly being used in the military for warfare purposes. Their application in warfare commenced after the Second World War when the weapons used in the fight became advanced. Shaped charges are made up of different elements, which are designed to cause the jet to penetrate deep inside the target. A basic charge has a detonator on one side and a highly reactive explosive on the other. When the unstable paraphernalia is discharged, waves of high frequencies are produced. The waves travel towards the apex of the liner where they cause it (liner) to deform by releasing a high-speed jet (Lim, 2013). Once the jet gets into contact with the target, it exerts pressure on it and produces heat (Goto et al., 2007). Factors such as the high amount of heat coupled with high pressure make the jet penetrate deep inside the target, thus leaving a hole behind. The working of shaped charges has dominated the current studies. However, most studies have not fully explored the operations of the device. This situation leaves a gap in knowledge regarding the device. To seal the gap, this paper explores the operations of shaped charges to gain insight into their mechanisms and their application in the modern world. Mechanics of Shaped Charges Jet The mechanics of a shaped charge may be understood well theoretically since literature is available concerning the topic. As shown in Figure 1, a shaped charge is made up of different parts that are fashioned to perform a
Action Learning Project Managers often need to make decisions in challenging situations and with references to the ideas of managerial economics. In this case, it is possible to succeed in developing an effective solution to a problem while focusing on a six-step decision-making model (McGuigan, Moyer & Harris 2013, p. 24). The purpose of this paper is to describe the situation related to the development of the stickK.com website, to analyze the problem referring to the six-step decision-making model, and to provide the rationale for the decision. Description of the Chosen Problem In 2010, Jordan Goldberg, known as the CEO of the stickK.com website and service, faced a problem of selecting the further strategy for a company that helps customers reach their goals and commit to their plans individually (John, Norton & Norris 2015, p. 1). However, after the experience of working according to the B2B model and creating products for Staples and the American Cancer Society, Goldberg received a variety of propositions to create platforms and provide software for organizations that need to motivate their employees (John et al. 2015, p. 8-9). The problem is in the fact that stickK.com is a start-up company, and it needs more revenues for its development with the focus on reducing costs. Following the B2C model, Goldberg can achieve financial goals slowly (John et al. 2015, p. 9). However, focusing on the B2B model, the company can change its mission of studying individuals’ behaviors and assisting them in improving their life. In this context, Goldberg needed to make a decision that could be both profitable and correlated with the organization’s mission and primary goals. Analysis of the Problem The sex-step decision-making model that is used in managerial economics includes the following stages: problem definition; determination of an objective; exploration of alternatives; prediction of consequences; making a choice; and a sensitivity analysis (Samuelson & Marks 2011, p. 6). The detailed analysis of the problem according to this model is necessary to conclude with an appropriate decision. Step 1 Focusing on the first step of defining a