ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In his book, Foucault (1975) addresses the essential ways in which discipline might become a helpful asset for the field of corrections and improve the process of creating the required freedoms for proper control over the population of wrongdoers. The author also sees the prison-industrial complex as an opportunity to switch to a much more subjective view of corrections and achieve higher levels of self-control among the incarcerated individuals. Foucault (1975) eventually advocates for the development of a stronger regulatory network that would. Critical Analysis According to the information provided by Foucault (1975), incarceration is an inimitable form of control that cannot be neglected due to its statistically significant effectiveness. The key limitation of Foucault’s (1975) arguments is that the majority of counter-productivity claims cannot be pushed forward based on the agenda of punishments. Another implication also hints at the limitation associated with the implausible opportunity of addressing the crime rate with the help of atypical solutions promoting discipline and stricter punishments. Application The key implication of the policy-related information shared by Foucault (1975) is that the majority of institutions – from political and economic to social and penal – are all perceiving human bodies as a resource. For the existing paper, it may be claimed that prisons could be perceived as an amalgamation of socialization, invention, and domination (Foucault, 1975). Nevertheless, it remains crucial for the organizations in the correctional setting to keep the level of obedience at a rather high
Elizabeth Warren is one of the most discussed figures in American politics, and she has been in the middle of public attention for a long time. The story of her life and political career provides a number of vivid examples of achievement and is interesting to study. Elizabeth Warren’s work in the office and the attention she has drawn to the problems of the American middle class and unprotected groups of society has made a substantial influence on public opinion. Elizabeth Warren was born on June 22, 1949, and raised with three elder brothers. In her teens Warren became interested in debating and joined a debate team, and soon after that, she won the state high school championship and a debate scholarship at George Washington University. Elizabeth studied at University of Huston and got a degree in audiology and speech pathology in 1970, which made her the first member of the family who graduated from college (Freedman, 2017). Then Warren moved to New Jersey where she started to work with disabled children in public schools. Elizabeth attended a law school, and in 1976 she earned a JD at Rutgers University, after which Warren started her practice and became especially interested in bankruptcies. Practice and studies of jurisprudence determined Elisabeth’s future political career. Warren started investigating the economic challenges of American society and was specifically focused on challenges of the middle class. When she studied the problem of high rates of bankruptcies, Warren discovered that the middle class is the most vulnerable in the face of this problem and the majority of bankrupt people come from this part of society. The reason for that, as Elizabeth suggested, was the fact that middl
In his TED talk, Johann Hari discusses is the topic of addiction and how it is often misunderstood in the daily lives of people. While it is generally believed that addiction is caused by physical reliance on a particular substance, the man says that due to a variety of reasons, this assertion is not true. Drug addiction and the problems related to it are much more a product of people’s environment, their surroundings, and the lives they lead. The ability of a person to live within a thriving environment and find a company is extremely crucial to not developing an addiction or recovering from one. In the man’s eyes, a real response to addiction is not sobriety but the connection to other people. The notion of the collection as being important to treating addiction or counteracting it entirely rests on the important positive social interaction plays in the lives of any individual. In my opinion, Johann’s assessment is entirely correct, as the ability of people to interact with each other, talk, and make connections is much more important than one might think initially. Only by creating positive relationships with other people, working as a community at facilitating the right kinds of behavior, and disincentivizing drug use, we can collectively reduce the severity of the problem without resorting to punishment or restriction. Social conditions of a person determine their ability and likelihood of being addicted to harmful substances, change therefore lies in mending these conditions and making them the most suitable for human wellbeing and prosperity. Drug use can be understood as a way for people to escape their current life conditions and feel better without making any changes to their lifestyle or circumstances. By stimulating the pleasure nerves in the brain and losing a sense of reality, one can for a short while enjoy an ability to not be in a distressing environment or make an otherwise harsh life a little bit more bearable (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2021). This effect of drugs is the main reason they’re often abused by poor people, who might not have the ability to gain money or support from others around them and have to rely on temporary solutions to live on. In this case, drug use can be either the result of extreme hardship or social isolation that does not allow people to feel connected to others and leaves them to solve their problems by themselves. Human beings as social creatures crave contact, crave the ability to relate to others. It is one of the main sources of dopamine, and other pleasure hormones, which are essential for a person to feel joy in their life (Smith, 2017). Without the ability to connect with others, however, people’s brain functions and social skills deteriorate, making them more likely to engage in self-destructive behaviors and act to their detriment ( The risks of social isolation ). If speaking about recovery from addicti
Introduction and Background The advent of nuclear reactors as a means of electric power generation trace back to the mid 1950s. Basically, akin to coal-fire powered electric plants nuclear reactors generate electric power thanks to steam-driven turbine. However, for nuclear reactors the source of heat emanates from fission of 235 U. Essentially, whatever triggers fission within a reactor fuel are low-energy neutrons which cause 235 U to discharge 2-3 high-energy neutrons as well as energetic fission units that manifest as heat energy. To this end, the heat energy generated is vital in heating a coolant essential in liberating steam and hence electric power. Of note, the low-energy neutrons trigger a chain reaction that recurs once a high-energy neutron decelerates within the reactor. Significantly, a flawlessly performing commercial nuclear reactor ought to produce electric energy at a steady-rate (power level) and for a sustainably long time. As such, the power level is a function of the rate of fission and neutron population in a reactor. At a steady-rate the initial and the current populations of neutrons should be constant hence this is what engineering designs strive at, sustaining the same notwithstanding. The degree of sustainability is quantified by multiplication factor, k eff . This is given by: When the ratio k eff is equivalent 1 then this is referred to as critical. Otherwise, when k eff is less than1 then this is referred to as sub-critical. On the other hand, when k eff is greater than 1, then this is referred to as super-critical reactor (Lehmann 45). Basically, a reactor is considered sub-critical when it is in a shutdown condition where the numbers of fission reduce with time. However, a constant increase of a neutron source (k eff <1) reverses the trend towards
In his book Gagging of God, D.A. Carson argues that Jesus Christ is still the one and only valid means of reaching salvation and being reunited with God. Far from the antiquated concepts of traditionalism, Carson presents his ideas from a very modern context by introducing the concept of pluralism. As he introduces it, pluralism is a natural outgrowth of the modern confusion of the postmodern world that is based on illusionary fallacies. In pointing out what these fallacies are, Carson begins to help his readers trace their way back to Christianity within the modern context. Throughout his book, D.A. Carson examines the philosophical issues of our day through a contemporary pluralist approach, finding Christianity as the answer to each of the fallacies that are revealed. One of the elements of pluralism that has served to confuse today’s secular culture is the various approaches that have been taken to the ‘true faith.’ According to Carson, a great deal of the confusion felt by would-be Christians today is brought about as a result of the thousands of ‘Christian’ interpretations of the Bible they are given from numerous, equally valid sources. As various evangelists focus their attention more upon growing their ‘church body’ in the form of growing in physical size of the buildings and metaphysical reach of the pulpit, the original message of the Bible has been lost and seems impossible to find for the average layperson. In pointing out how these various conflicting messages have served to confuse the congregation, Carson insists evangelists must return to the text of the Bible and its obvious intentions as a means of finding clarity of message. However, this presents a problem as the Bible itself presents a number of contradictions and ambiguous passages, forcing a degree of interpretation no matter how careful the interpreter and thus introducing the possibility of numerous possibilities, all valid and within a potential ‘intention’ of the original writer. Although it would seem like a self-defining term in many cases, the truth is that pluralism itself has created confusion in many fields, including Christianity. “The only absolute creed is the creed of pluralism. No religion has the right to pronounce itself right or true, and the others false, or even (in the majority view) relatively inferior … In particular it is bound up with the new hermeneutic and with its stepchild, deconstruction. The outlook that it spawns is often labeled postmodernism” (19). The three general categories of pluralism Carson identifies are classified as empirical pluralism, cherished pluralism and philosophical pluralism. Empirical pluralism refers to the central physical realities of American society
An overview of the present-day global IT market will reveal that the latter is obviously dominated by Google, Inc. While it would be wrong to claim that the rest of the nonetheless significant companies scrape the bottom of the barrel, Google clearly has the assets that other entrepreneurship do not, and the model of self-directed teams coupled with employee empowerment as the basic HRM strategy is clearly the most efficient tool used by Google to achieve the increased motivation rates and outstanding performance. By using the principle of self-directed teams and employee competence, Google complies with its key mission, according to the company’s mission statement (Google, Inc., 2015) and manages to satisfy the key stakeholders, i.e., the staff by providing them with enough room for professional and personal development, and the customers, who receive the products of enhanced quality owing to the strategy adopted by the corporation. It should be noted, though, that the Google managers make sure that the freedom of choice provided to the staff should not turn out binding and should not turn into a burden as opposed to being a liberating tool. Judging by the current state of relationships among Google, Inc., staff, the approach adopted by the company works perfectly for the benefit of both the organization and its members. One must give the Google leader credit for being rather careful with lifting the limitations on the freedom of choice for the employees. Instead of foisting the entire weight of decision-making onto the employees, the company managers allow the staff to make choices only in the domains that the staff is entirely proficient in and regarding the issues that the specified employees are ultimately responsible for. As a result, the employees feel appreciated and valued because of the significance of the decisions that they make, whereas the company’s success does not hinge on the specified decisions and, therefore, the risks of the staff making a mistake are reduced greatly. Naturally, the redistribution of the decision-making responsibilities presupposes a serious shift in power, which the leader of Google, Inc., understands well. However, one must mention that the company has never been famous for its rigid hierarchy; therefore, the flexible approach that the firm has been adopting in the delegation of responsibilities serves as a perfect foil for practicing the specified approach. As far as the exact changes are concerned, the role of managers has been altered significantly, the employees having been given significantly more power in terms of managing the production process (Sosik & Jung, 2010). At present, the strategy that Google, Inc., adopts in order to promote the concept of self-directed teams among the staff is flawless; it could be suggested, though, that the boundaries of the team’s responsibilities should be identified in a more precise manner as suggested by Garvin and Collins (2009)—in other words, giving the people employed at Google, Inc., too much of creative liberty may turn out to be disadva
Factors key to the success of knowledge worker teams Also termed as human capital, free agents or knowledge entrepreneurs, knowledge workers comprise of the fastest evolving division of workers globally. Peter Drucker precisely defined knowledge workers as high level workforces applying analytical and theoretical knowledge attained through learning to produce and improve new services and products (Drucker, 2011). This category of workers tends to acquire, interpret, manipulate and critically apply information so as to perform unpredictable, multidisciplinary and complex tasks. In fact, knowledge workers scrutinize information and draw on their expertise in various areas to generate ideas, solve problems and create new-fangled commodities (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2011). However, the success of knowledge worker teams depends on knowledge management, organizational culture and team decision making process. Knowledge management Knowledge management plays a critical role in ensuring the success of knowledge worker teams. In the current information age, the survival of any corporation heavily relies on the capacity to seize intelligences, convert them into functional knowledge, implant them as structural learning and rapidly diffuse them all through the corporation. This is an ideal function played by knowledge management. The success of knowledge workers depends on the knack of the organizational administration to ensure that knowledge worker teams build knowledge friendly culture. This facilitates the success of knowledge worker teams in that the teams will act based on the shaped organizational culture, build and embed a culture on knowledge sharing (Warren, Davies & Simperl , 2011). Through knowledge management, knowledge workers will effectively utilize their intellectual capacity by jointly wiring the brains so that they can reason, collaborate and instinctively share information to ensure the success of the team. Besides, to ensure that knowledge worker teams become successful, the organizational management may opt for long term and short reward structures as a strategy for knowledge management. The incentive structures always encourage knowledge workers to game the working systems for the rewards. To realize this, the organization may introduce point systems where all users, evaluators and contributors of knowledge are rewarded if the repository posed knowledge is applied in making complex decisions (Drucker, 2011). This will enhance the success of knowledge worker teams since they will openly share knowledge to help solve critical problems hence, the success of the entire knowledge team. Organizational culture Knowledge workers are different from the previous worker generations and organizational culture is considered as a critical factor in their success. In fact, this category of workers always requires the organization to support their knowledge development so that they can enhance their career accomplishments. The only way to achieve this is throu
The situation faced by China at the beginning of the twentieth century was complicated and inauspicious. The destiny of the country was about to change after the end of the Chinese Civil War and the establishment of the People’s Republic of China by Mao Zedong. Being treated like a living god during his lifetime, he has become one of the major figures in the world history of the twentieth century, and his legacy still arises numerous controversial issues. His actions and strategies have received much criticism and condemnation from both Chinese and foreign historians and common people. Investigating Mao Zedong’s influence on China’s twentieth-century development is of vital importance for understanding the specifics of his governance and analyzing its results. The attitudes to the influence of Mao Zedong’s governance on the development of China in the twentieth century are mostly controversial, as the actions of the leader were controversial too. Mao Zedong is considered a savior of China by many people as he united the country and encouraged it to get rid of the brutal dictator Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists. He transformed China from a weak country exploited by Western countries and Japan into one of the most influential world powers. During the governance of Mao Zedong, China was modernized and became much stronger than it had been before. All of these contributions make many people consider Mao Zedong “national liberator and “socialist prophet” (Krieger 65). In the same time, the ruthlessness and meaninglessness of many of the leader’s actions create an opposite view shared by numerous people considering Mao a cruel dictator, who had a bad impact on the development of China. His inclination to “brutal suppression of his enemies” and mass murders has deserved a huge amount of deserved criticism (Gay 8). Besides, his politics led to one of the most severe famines in China, which resulted in nearly 15-20 million deaths caused by starvation (Karl 107). The uncoordinated violence of the Cultural Revolution set by Mao brought the incalculable number of deaths (Spence 164). The bloody methods used by the leader to retain the power caused millions of deaths and cannot be justified in any way. The article “Mao Zedong: Liberator or Oppressor of China” explores the biography of the leader and his actions while being the head of the People’s Republic of China. I liked the investigation of the roots of Mao’s disposition to violence found in his childhood presented in the article. However, I did not like the one-sidedness of the article. The leader is characterized as “ready to use brutal means”, having “no compun
Our main aim is to retain our esteemed customers while attracting new loyalties from all over the world. Therefore, we focus on quality advertising and providing accurate information about our products to enhance credibility and trust. While we still use billboards, magazines, television, transportations, and other traditional advertising methods, social media is our most preferred advertising means. Social media has not only enabled us to reach a wide variety of customers across the world, but it has also made it possible for our brand to connect with people, outdoing the traditional marketing methods (Godey et al., 2016). Moreover, the virtual internet connection has given Louis Vuitton a new image of cordiality and accessibility that was absent in the years before social media. We focus on unique marketing strategies for our quality products by incorporating only the best advertising talents and using various celebrities like Angelina Jolie and Billie Eilish. We work with stars because they attract a large pool of loyal fans who follow them religiously, including their fashion sense. We also incorporate exclusivity in the marketing strategy to lure customers attracted to unique products available for a limited period. In addition to consistency in high-quality products, spectacular and strategic marketing has placed our brand on top. For example, from 2006 to 2012, Louis Vuitton was the most valuable luxury brand globally, and in 2019, it was worth 39.3 billion dollars with 15.5 billion dollars in sales (Oliveira & Fernandes, 2020). During this period, the main customers were the young people whom our social media advertising mainly targeted. Our ultimate plan for 2021 is to increase our sales and remain on top as the world’s favorite luxury brand. We have also partnered with the National Basketball Association (NBA) to promote our brand in the sports sector and market our products to millions of basketball fans. Our goal is to continue providing high-quality products while broadening our market through strategic advertising. We highly value our customers and reaching out to them through quality advertising is our ultimate goal.
Problem Statement Celebrity Cruises needs to increase demand for the services it provides and to become a successful niche player again. Increased competition led to the decrease of clients and emergency of empty rooms, which means that the organization fails to gain expected revenue. Its marketing strategy is outdated and requires reconsideration and improvement. Situation Analysis   * Initiatives implemented to attract customers are not effective (those developed in 1999-2000 were more successful than those applied in 2000-2001 (see Exhibit)).   * The competitive landscape altered as the demand decreased, but the number of ships increased.   * Operational aspects of new interventions and changes in pricing strategy are not well-developed. Alternatives   * Instead of focusing on marketing strategy, Celebrity Cruises may alter only prices. Cheaper services will attract clients while more expensive services will provide an opportunity to gain expected revenue faster. However, potential profit will not be reached, and the current market segment is likely to refuse to pay more.   * Celebrity Cruises may focus on advertising so that more people learn about their services, but with no other changes, this intervention is not likely to provide expected results. Recommendation The company’s marketing strategy should be improved for its services to become more attractive. Services should be focused on the current needs and expectations of the targeted market. Even though some existing clients may oppose changes, the opportunity to overcome alterations in the competitive landscape will increase, and an opportunity to provide extra rooms will be considered. Implementation Plan   * A clear marketing position should be developed.   * Needs and demands of baby boomers and multigenerational segment (targeted market) are to be discussed (1 month).   * Current operations should be reconsidered so that unnecessary services are eliminated, and those that appeal to the targeted market emphasized (2 months). It is beneficial to conduct a questionnaire to receive clients’ feedback.   * Appropriate pricing should be developed (2 weeks). No critical gaps between services should be observed.   * Promotion should be diverse to reach different populations (very active during the first six months). Traditional advertisements should be aligned with the usage of social media. Exhibit North American Cruise Industry Supply and Demand.