ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
American people have been facing the problem of increasing bills and decreased savings recently. The newly elected president, Obama believes, that as a nation the US has to act quickly to regain the competitive advantage the country had over the whole world. The current American economy is going through the worst downfall in the history of the country. More people have lost their jobs than in the times after World War II Those people who need full-time jobs to support their families are forcefully shifting to part-time jobs. Businesses are failing to pay salaries and families are not able to pay mortgages. The average American families are curious and anxious to know what the future of the economy of this nation holds for them. President Obama thinks that this crisis is a result of irresponsibility on the part of previous governments, dangerous decisions by Wall Street executives, loans given to bad debtors by banks, taxpayers’ money pent in the wrong way, are, etc. In this regard, he has come up with an economic stimulus package. This package aims at creating 3.6 million jobs in the next two years, and also to increase consumer spending. This $787.2 billion recovery and reinvestment plan is intended to shorten the recession. He believes that being confident, as he is about his decisions, is the solution to the problem. One of the changes being made by Obama is for automobile buyers and sellers. For sellers, he has proposed to increase the current $25 billion federal loan to assist automakers up to $50 billion. The industrialists however argue that they need unrestricted cash to meet their financial requirements. For further assistance to them, the President is going to try and make changes in the environmental and energy policy, which may, in turn, benefit the automobile makers. He has decided to invest $ 6.3 billion in related industries to reduce the emission of carbon. $2 billion are also to be invested in the manufacturing of battery systems and components for vehicles made in the USA. An Auto assistance Ownership amendment that provides tax breaks for new vehicle buyers has been passed. This will give them a federal-income-tax deduction on local sales and excise taxes, but not on the interest on loans. It applies to any new vehicle purchased from February 17th, 2009 to December 2009. Certain changes in the travel industry will also have to be made. The departments of transportation will have to find the most environmentally friendly alternative when designing their transportation solutions. Moreover, the governm
Marriage is considered as an important stage in the life of every person when any man or woman is ready to become responsible for building strong relations with a partner and for creating a family as a significant social institution. Thus, the society consists of many families, and marriage is the most traditional way to create a family in order to provide the personal and social development of an individual. This statement can be discussed as one of the main reasons for getting married. Nevertheless, there are a lot of other reasons for persons’ marrying each other which depend on the peculiarities of the historic development of the American society and the current tendencies in its progress. To answer the question about the reasons for marriages, it is important to determine such main aspects as the role of tradition, love, benefits, satisfaction of psychological and sexual needs and to focus on their further discussion. Why do people choose to get married? In spite of the high rank of divorces in the society, people continue to create new families actively. There is also a tendency to marry for the second and third time after living in unhappy marriages and overcoming the problematic divorces. It is important to note that the general rate of marriages declines, but it is still high in comparison with the rate of divorces (Popenoe and Whitehead). People continue to find security in the traditional social institution which has deep historic roots. Nevertheless, the correlation of reasons for getting married changes with references to the development of the persons’ social needs. The hierarchy of these reasons depends not only on many social factors but also on individuals’ expectations. Today, the role of economic benefits is significantly high, and it can be compared with the situation which was typical for the nineteenth century. People are inclined to get married in order to improve their social state or gain the definite status with the help of a spouse. Moreover, marriages can be planned with accentuating the necessity to combine the fortunes and receive a lot
Black Immigrants: The experience of invisibility and inequality The article Black Immigrants: The experience of invisibility and inequality by Bryce-Laporte argues that the relationship between ethnographic and cultural aspects is key to understanding the complexity of the Black immigrants’ lives in contemporary America. Clearly, the oppressive nature of the American government causes great concern for the opportunities that are available to the people of color who are influential and important in the States’ culture. In order to improve the quality of life of all Black people residing in the United States, their ethnic groups should be made more visible and present in the social life of the country. Being a large constituent of the American community, people of color are not given enough credit by the ruling officials. The government has only recently started to engage in reforming the system to accommodate the needs of the Black citizens. Bryce-Laporte (1972) states that the Black community is the most active among America’s ethnic groups, yet it is the least visible. It is only due to the activist practices that the visibility of the Back culture has been elevated, however, there are still ways to improve the situation. Black immigrants are a group that enriches the cultural diversity of the United States, which is why their presence should be clearly understood and known to the public. Ancestors of a large proportion of American citizens are immigrants from various European, Asian and Latin countries, and the influence of their backgrounds is evident in many social and cultural factors (Bryce-Laporte, 1972). For example, these immigrants brought their holidays which Americans of diverse ethnic and cultural groups celebrate. Similarly, their cuisine and traditions are enjoyed by the citizens of the United States, yet African culture is being unrepresented in American media and social life. It can be argued that the reason why Black immigrants are not visible in the society of the United States is their lack of influence on the socioeconomic aspect of American life. According to Bryce-Laporte (1972), most Black foreigners immigrate to America and work in such areas that cannot be represented due to their low influence on the quality of life of the States. Such areas include field and domestic occupations and work at factories. However, considering the relatively larger number of Black immigrants in the United States, it is evident that the socioeconomic environment of America is more beneficial than that of African countries. Bryce-Laporte (1972) suggests that many Black immigrants settle in America for jobs which the individuals are overly-qua
Introduction There are various salient features that help to distinguish the silent era from the modern era film industries. Both of them however incorporated the use of various elements like motion pictures and high quality visuals. On the other hand, the one factor that is indistinguishable in both is the issue of sound. While the silent era was actually silent without any sound effects, the modern era is actually known as the “talkies”, since the audience can hear live dialogue between the actors. The emphasis of the essay is the lack of the sound factor in the silent films which marks its greatest difference in comparison with modern day films. Overview of the Silent era The silent era in the film history is an era in which majority of the films were characterized by pictures but with no sound. The silent era started during the 1920’s, a period that saw the motion pictures grow to maturity even before the advent of the talking pictures. One of the key defining characteristics of the films created during the silent era is that it was not possible to synchronize the sound that accompanied the motion pictures (Kahn 2013). What this meant therefore is that the idea of dialogue among the various actors was highly impossible in the films. To ensure that the viewers understood what was happening in the films, most of the meanings were edited in titles and run as screen shots on the screen so that viewers could be able to understand the plot along with the events of the play. It should however be noted that silent films were not really silent in nature since they would normally be accompanied by live music. One of the reasons for this was to enable the audience attain and understand the various cues from the movie. The main reason for doing this is that music was noted to be a highly essential element in any movie (Schuchman, 2004). In small town cinema halls and film theatres, there was usually a pianist who would play various piano keys and music to relay a certain mood or tone in the film. Other larger cities would have an entire orchestra that would get to play music. Modern films These are films that were created after the 1920’s. One of the features that characterizes these kinds of films is that they are sound incorporated. This means that the message by the various play actors can both be seen and heard at the same time. Analysis One of the misconceptions about silent movies is that they were largely primitive and for this reason, not many people desired to watch them. However, this is no longer the case since most of the films that were produced during that period were actually of very high visual quality just like the ones watched in the modern day and age. The only big difference between films from the silent era and the ones from the modern era is that films in the silent era lacked sound unlike those from the modern era that were popularly referred to as the talkies (Schuchman, 2004). One of the greatest challenges for the
Introduction Amtrak Main street station was a railway station which was opened to serve Chesapeake and Ohio. The roads were under the design of Wilson and Richard. The road caused a war between Spanish and Americans in 1898. The war caused economic hardship, which delayed road construction. The passengers of Seaboard Air Line were then shifted to a station in Broad Street. The Chesapeake and Ohio maintained its customers and offices on the terminal of Main Street up to the time when Amtrak owned the service. There was a flood that caused destruction on the station’s first floor. The flood was an outcome of the James River overflow, which was caused by Hurricane Agnes. It forced Amtrak to stop its services to passengers on the 15 th of October 1975. In 1983, the development corporation of SWA re-opened it like a shopping mall after it had remained closed for some years (Great American stations, 2013; Stanton, 2003). During the negotiating period, a fire broke out damaging the upper floors and the building’s roof on 7 th of October 1983. The damage was repaired, and it was officially opened in 1985, although it ran for a short period of time. A night club was also brought in the building though it never lasted. Health offices in the building were then opened. There was a passage of the actin 1991, which allowed the preservations of the building that existed before constructing new ones. This became an opportunity for Victoria Badger to raise the station again, which was a gateway to different modes of transport. It was later on purchased by the Virginia state, and thereafter it was taken by Harry Weese Associates of Washington (HWA). Gensler bought the building after Harry
Introduction The well being of individuals is determined by a number of factors. Through research, experiments, and tests, scientists have been able to determine the key factors that are essential in ensuring that individuals live in an efficient manner. Some of the factors that scientists have identified include physiological and psychological needs, arousal and behavior, and most importantly, the stress and the impacts that it has on the body, brain, and the overall behavior of individuals. Due to this fact therefore, this paper will determine the differences between the physiological and psychological needs, the relationship that exists between arousal and behavior, and the effects of stress on individuals. Difference between Physiological and Psychological Needs Humans always require basic external needs to ensure that their bodies are well maintained (DiLalla, 2002). It is these basic external needs that are referred to as the physiological needs. Physiological needs are essential in sustaining the lives of individuals because they ensure the well being of an individual in the short run and in the long run. According to DiLalla (2002), the basic needs of every human being across the world are universal. Every individual in this world requires food to provide the energy that is required for growth and development. Lack of food usually results to malnourishment and in severe cases, it might lead to the death of an individual. Consequently, every individual requires shelter to protect him/herself from the extremes of nature. Finally, clothing in an essential requirement, especially in the modern world. Despite the fact that clothes hide our nakedness, they are also essential in proving warmth and protection from physical injuries. Sexual reproduction is also a physiological need in humans that enables them to ensure the survival of the human race in the world. Psychological needs on the other hand refer to the need of connecting with each other that is present in human beings and many other social animals. It is as a result of this need that individuals develop the desire to touch one another, interact socially, and to develop intimate relationships that are based on love such as family ties, marriages, and friendship (DiLalla, 2002). Individuals also have the inherent feeling of progressing in their lives. This feeling motivates them to work harder in different ways in order to be better individuals. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model, an individual will advance up the hierarchy by first achieving his/basic needs in the process of self actualization (DiLalla, 2002). Relationship between Arousal and Behavior In an individual, the interaction between the internal and external stimuli results in arousal (Goodman, 1997). The
Introduction The New Deal is the title of economic policy, which was created to bring the state out of a deep crisis. This course was one of the most effective in history precisely because it covered all spheres of economy and social relations in the state. Roosevelt’s new program consisted of a large number of reforms, for the implementation of which Congress passed numerous laws and the president issued decrees. During the crisis, the authorities acted in concert for the benefit of the whole nation. The main principles of the reformation were speed, efficiency, and effectiveness. The Roosevelt administration reformed all areas, from banking to industrial and social. The core of this concept was the thesis that capitalism is no longer a system capable of self-regulation and automatic exit from the crisis. Monopoly and social differentiation with low incomes of the majority of the population were opposed by the active redistribution of income through state tax and social policy mechanisms. Thanks to this, it was possible to stimulate demand and save thousands of companies from ruin. Also, the successful course of the United States had an impact on the European economy after World War II. Moreover, it operates an extremely vital role in optimizing resources during World War II. The government’s immediate and unprecedented action brought the state out of the crisis and preserved the system of capitalism. The Beginning of Reforms A significant point in the new deal was that President Roosevelt informed the citizens about the state’s current situation and further actions of the government. He performed speeches to explain to Americans that the economy and trade were in frightful crises. Numerous banks and businesses went bankrupt, and citizens lost money. The administration’s priority was to pass a law separating investment and commercial banks. Also, commercial banks were prohibited from guaranteeing investment loans, placement, and other securities transactions. It was the rescue of the banking system that was to become a platform for economic revival and an impetus for further reforms. 1 Thus, the only way to save the country was to adopt expeditious and new decisions for the population. Therefore, the president used the radio to report on possible difficulties and achievements that have already helped the American people consolidate. In order to restore the security of Americans in the new deal, Congress and the President began to enact new rules. First, a law was introduced that provided employment for most men. Thus, it was not necessary to involve the military to protect natural resources, and the civilian corps did this. 2 The great advantage of such public works was the development of infrastructure on a voluntary basis. Improving the state of agri
Introduction Background Brand awareness, generally, is the extent to which a brand associated with a particular product or activity is documented by prospective and existing customers in a positive or a negative manner (McLoughlin and Aaker 2010, p.175). Other scholars have defined it as the proportion of the target customers that can be able to remember a product/ brand (Piotraschke 2008, p.7). We, therefore, can deduce that brand awareness is the realisation by a consumer of the existence and availability of a product in the market. Recognition and recalling of a product by a customer becomes the core pillars in brand awareness. This is because the customer has to know that the brand under scrutiny exists and recall it . This is the core business of marketing and advertising for each new product in the targeted market(s).It has been observed that brand awareness has really influenced the behaviour of the buyers in the market into buying more of a product that is being associated with a popular brand and activity (Kotler, Waldemar and Ines 2006, p.282). They continue to note that posters’ advertising is not enough for a new product in the market. Even if, it will create a significant level of awareness, it will not do much in influencing new customers to buy it. There is a need for the new product to be associated with an activity or another product (brand extension) for it to be successful. Again, the brand has to communicate meaningful and relevant information about itself in an effective way to the targeted customers and stakeholders (Kotler, Waldemar and Ines 2006, p.282). There is the need, therefore, for it to be associated with a popular brand or activity that will not only act as a basis for creating its awareness but also influence both the existing and potential customers positively evaluating the new product and accepting it (buying it). For brand awareness to be successful, the consumer behaviour is a key component that has to be looked at in a major way. Consumer behaviour is the study of the time the reason and the way people do or do not buy a product in a specific place. It can be said to be the process and activities that consumers involve them in the evaluating and buying a product that best satisfies t
Personal Life Frank Gehry was born on 28 February 1929, in Toronto, Canada (Bio. True Story). His original name is Frank Owen Goldberg. His family was of mixed parentage. His father was Polish while his mother was Jewish (Bio. True Story). He was innovative since his childhood when he started to construct imaginary homes as well as cities, using items found at his grandfather’s hardware shop. His love for an unusual building stuff was a clear sign of his future architectural career (Bio. True Story). Gehry and his sister, Doreen, grew up in Timmins, east of Ontario (Encyclopedia of Word Biography). In 1949, Gehry moved to Los Angeles where he was engaged in different part-time jobs while studying in the South California School of Architecture (Bio. True Story). He would eventually graduate from the college in the year 1954 with an undergraduate degree in architecture. After his graduation, he worked for Luckman Associates among various other companies (Frank Gehry Architect: Biography). On graduating, he changed his surname from Goldberg to Gehry (Bio. True Story). He vacated to Massachusetts in 1956 together with his wife, Anita Snyder, where he took up a Post Graduate course in design (Bio. True Story). Later on, Gehry dropped out of graduate school, and immediately divorced his wife, the mother of two daughters. After these two events, he moved to California and set up a modest office in Santa Monica (Frank Gehry Architect: Biography). Gehry would later marry Berta Isabel Aguilera in 1975, who gave birth to his two more kids (Bio. True Story). His Career As earlier indicated, setting up the office at Santa Monica marked the official start of his architectural career with the introduction of his cardboard furniture products, popularly known as ‘Easy Edges’ (Bio. True Story). He made the Easy Edges items from layers of enhanced cardboard; he was engaged in this product line from 1969 up to 1973. However, he soon realized that furniture design was not his passion as he was more inclined to building and construction; that was the desire that made him remodel a home in Santa Monica where his family resided at that time (Bio. True Story). The process of remodeling involved enclosing the cabana in place with enhanced steel and chain-link backstop; he also split the bungalow with a slanting fanlight (Bio. True Story). The architects noticed his avant-garde blueprint which was the reason for propelling his career to heights. He started designing homes constantly in Southern California in the 1980s (Bio. True Story). Milestones Gehry was by that time achieving the status of a celebrity and went on to take