ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The article chosen for analysis is a discussion of food consumption patterns within the United Kingdom. Its author illustrates how important economics is as it can be used to understand day to day occurrences. Analysis of the article The article is discussion of factors that affect consumption of commodities. The author does this by carrying out a case study analysis of London. He asserts that in the past, England was known for its poor quality food. Most foreigners would frown upon restaurant servings as English standards were way below international standards. Krugman (1997) explains that these poor tastes were caused by historical events that somehow placed the people of London in a position where they had to contend with low quality food. However the entry of numerous foreigners into the UK changed London as it is now full of fine cuisine; this denotes altered preferences. The occurrences have been placed in an economic context by the author who affirms that laws of supply and demand were responsible for Londoners’ predicaments. He affirms that these residents were stuck in a low equilibrium where high quality food did not get supplied. Therefore, they did not know what good food tasted like and this caused them to only demand for low quality food. However, when external forces were introduced into the consumption equation, this upset the equilibrium; consumers’ tastes were refined and they started demanding for better food. Supplies had to sharpen their offerings and eventually a new equilibrium was established where both supply and demand were satisfied. The article was interesting to me because it talks about a very simple topic (food) that everyone can relate. It also discusses a range of economics fundamentals and how they can be applied. There are three important t
Jackson Pollock was one of the most outstanding American artists. He was a person of bright and fascinating destiny, known for his large works and inventing a new style of painting – action painting. He was born on January 28, 1916, in the small town of Cody, WY. In the future, friendly critics tried to create a beautiful myth because of the place of his birth. As this town got its name after the well-known American character of times of conquest of the Wild West, they represented the artist as the same dashing cowboy – freedom-loving, rebellious, not accepting general rules. Jackson Pollock was the most outstanding and fascinating painter of America’s Abstract painting. Being rebellious because of his nature, he never took into consideration any laws. He was fast and furious, brightly burning his life, leaving a remarkable trace after him. He outpoured his creativity into his works made in the new style of painting that he invented. So, soon after his birth, Pollock’s family moved to San Diego. So he spent his youth in California. Artist’s father, Leroy Pollock, could not find a permanent job, that’s why he traveled along with America with his. He tried many jobs, but he wasn’t successful anyway. Eventually, he practically left his family, occasionally sending small sums of money. Pollock had 4 elder brothers and sisters. He was brought up by his mother, Stella Pollock, whose neurotic and imperious character influenced not only Jackson’s mind and artistic style but also his life. The boy grew gloomy and closed; herewith he suffered from gushes of anger under which he could make an unexpected deed, that’s why he was twice expelled from school. Also, Jackson was under the great influence of mysticism, which interested him from an early age. Especially, he was interested in the philosophy of Jidda Krishna-murti, who stated that the truth opens to a person only intuitively while “outpouring” the personality. Jackson took these words too deeply and that was certainly to define his outlook. Young Pollock considered that the easiest way to “outpour” is art. At the same time, he did not cherish illusions concerning his talent, instead, he critically approached his possibilities. Nevertheless, he decided to become an artist – it seemed to him, that a powerful strong-willed effort was enough to make him whatever he wanted. When Pollock was 15, his elder brother Sanford and he spent summer with a group of land surveyors in the Grand Canyon. There, he drank alcohol for the first time. (Emmerling 10). His later alcoholism can be explained by physical intolerance that greatly influenced psychological problems caused by a lacking father and a neurotic mother. Later in his life, Jackson spent several times in psychiatric clinics, though it didn’t help. Alcohol also caused his death. He died on August 11, 1956, in a car accident. Nevertheless, Pollock was still interested in art. Reproductions of Picasso, Matisse, and Franz Marc greatly influenced him. And
Abstract Terrorism has been a matter of concern worldwide especially after the attack on the world trade center which called for the foreign coalition in the fight against terrorism. As a result, law enforcement has been found to play a major role within a broader context of the war on terrorism by encouraging measures such as freezing of assets on terrorists as well as funding anti-terrorism activities in those countries that have joined the international coalition. Such terrorists include the al-Qaida group which has had its main targets as the United States of America and other countries that are allies of the US in the fight against terrorism such as Japan. Introduction The attack by terrorists of the world trade center on September 11 th that killed not less than 3000 people and several others wounded created a lot of concern worldwide. The seriousness of the terrorist attack was indicated by the international coalition that followed to fight terrorism. As a result, the United States has given the war on terrorism much priority as far as foreign policies are concerned. Other countries have also come up in full support of the US in this war and such a country in the forefront is Japan which out of experience from domestic terrorism was willing to give close cooperation to the US. (Ryun, 2005pp1-2) Japan’s major priorities on terrorism Japan’s policies on the fight against terrorism are more oriented towards a global framework than just domestic security around East Asia which implies that Japan has changed its international identity. The general overview on the perception of the Japanese regarding terrorism was shown after the attack on the world trade center when Koizumi the prime minister made a public press statement assuring the commitment of his government in the fight against terrorism and also offered to give the US full support. Law enforcement in Japan focuses on two main forms of terrorism first of which is caused by the religious cult as was the case in1995 when a cult group used toxic gas in a station based in Tokyo killing several people. Another form of terrorism is from external networks such as al-Qaeda which has a complex structure and therefore hard to be eliminated. The Japanese law enforcement is geared towards suppressing the activities of al-Qaida in the training of terrorists as well as financing their activities with the US and their allies being their main targets. (Ryun, 2005pp4-5) Policies put in place to fight terrorism Japanese policies have a greater orientation towards the general foreign policies and they include heavy budgetary allocations for emergency measures on the war. Among the areas targeted by its government in its anti-terrorism measures are immigration and air travel as well as customs cooperation. Other areas include control of exports and ensuring that there is cooperation in enforcing the laws. There
David Sirota’s article “How the ’80s Programmed us for War” is dedicated to the topic of military propaganda in the United States. The author raises the problem of using entertainment media for recruitment purposes. Specifically, he points to the Pentagon funding of popular movies in the eighties as the source of the current American culture’s obsession with war. The central research question that Sirota wants to disclose is how the entertainment medium can be utilized for the purpose of governmental propaganda. The article’s main idea is that excessive exposure to the military movies and themes in the cinematography of President Reagan’s period has resulted in the cultivation of aggressive values in American society. Sirota uses different media types as examples, including movies, such as Top Gun and Red Dawn, video games, and children’s play toys. He articulates that by engaging young Americans’ interest in the image of warfare, the entertainment industry actually influenced many life decisions. The second argument revolves around the governmental efforts to stir the feelings of nostalgia by replicating iconic scenes from movies and characters in real life. The author argues that it is easy to influence children and young people by forging associations between their favorite films and real-life organizations. This is a particularly acute observation, as it discloses how vulnerable modern generations are to media-driven narratives and entertainment-born prejudices. The most important point of the article is that the less noticeable propaganda is, the more effective it is. This notion signifies how dangerous the subtle dispersion of ideas may be. It is common for writers to raise themes of governmental control over information and the lack of freedom of speech on other countries. Few of the authors reverse this argument to the United States, as it is a world-renown democracy, which should not have any propaganda itself. Yet, Sirota clearly articulates how movies influence the minds of Americans and promote militaristic spirit without anyone realizing it. In particular, the way Sirota
Introduction From an analysis of the three poems, it is evident that they all try to reflect on the memories of the poets’ parents. Imagery is a common technique that the three poets use in conjunction with the present tense. Considerably, the present tense is trying to put the reader in the current situation of the poets. The poets try to express their emotional feelings towards their parents in their childhood and the contrasts of the aftermaths. In a review, we can say that the theme of remembrance is brought out. Truly, remembrance is something unavoidable. It is fantastic to remember about the past, and that is why the poets are very emotional and tend to regret the decisions they took. However, by remembering, we can improve on our decisions and become better persons. Finally, we can talk about the rhyme technique used by poets. Analysis In the poem “my papa’s Waltz” by Theodore Roethke, the rhyme technique sets the tone of this poem. It would bring out what waltz is like if the poem is read aloud. Using imagery, the poet tries to reveal the nasty behaviors his father had in the past. The author accepts his father’s condition saying that it is unenviable just like death. It is evident that his father was a source of embarrassment to the speaker (Roethke, 2001). In a particular phrase, he quotes that “a boy could fall dizzy from the whiskey smell” (P 1). From the poem ‘ The courage that my mother had,’ Millay is quick to talk about the mother’s courage up to her ultimate transition (Millay, 2007). Symbolism and imagery are shown when the speaker talks of the “rock” quarried in New Zealand. It portrays the hardness and the unmoving nature of the mom. Like in the other poems, rhyme is brought out. For instance, the speaker rhymes words such as ‘still’ and ‘hill,’ more and more. A rhyme scheme of (A, B, A, B, C, D, D, C) is brought out. Raymond Carver who is the speaker of the poem “Photograph of my father in his twenty-second year” is looking at a picture if his dad at his twenties. The poem describes his father as a young and embarrassed character. Through his struggle as shown in the fifteen lines, the poet can compress his emotions and his conflicting ideas about his father. The father has photographed in jeans, and a dull shirt with “his old hat cocked over his ear” (p. 234). Beside him is a 1934 Ford on which he is leaning (Carver, 2000). He holds a “pit of Carlsbad beer with thorny yellow drinking straw on the other hand” (p. 234).T through this imagery, the reader can easily connect the theme of reality against appearance that th
Introduction Economic system refers to organizational arrangement as well as processes through which any given society makes decisions concerning production and consumption. One common theme about these objectives is that they are characterized by inconsistencies and trade-offs. Therefore, for one objective to be attained completely there will be at least a partial sacrifice of another. In addition, the processes followed by each society in choosing objectives also differ. As the new world economy closely integrates, societies have found their choices concerning modification of the economic system constrained, more so when dealing in international trade (Conklin, p. 1). Furthermore, the societies have realized that the decisions of one society have increasingly more effects on the economies of other societies. This has called for agreement between nations on various issues affecting economies such as currency valuation, credit volume and trade balances (Eckstein, p. 3-5). History of the Bretton Woods System Bretton Woods system was one of such agreements that were developed after deliberations between nations that were at that time allied to the US. This system describes the international monetary regime that existed between 1944 and the early 1970s. It was named after the site where the conference took place, Bretton woods in New Hampshire and was attended by 730 delegates representing 44 nations of which Argentina was the only neutral nation. The original intention of the conference was to iron out the economic conflicts bearing in mind the problems resulted from economic disparities (Wiggins, para. 1) The nations represented acknowledged that the economic problems to some extent contributed to the world war and to avoid future wars economic reform was necessary. Members present were all focused on avoiding what they believed were past errors. It is also important to note that the US was at that time, the world’s most powerful nation both military-wise and economically. The war did not take place within America, and during the war it concentrated on building its industrial strength by selling weapons to allied nations. Hence, by he end of the war its manufacturing annual rate that was twice that of 1935-1939 (Wiggin, para.9) Agreements and failure of the Bretton Woods conference There were four points that stood out: first, there was a general agreement among negotiators that the interwar period had brought into light the negative effects of flexible exchange rates that were not restrained. The members believed that trade and investment had been discouraged by the 1930s floating rates. They also believed that destabilizing speculations as well as competitive depreciations were also enhanced. They sought a compromise between the two extreme positions; those who were for freely floating rates and those who were for fixed rates that were irrevocable. As a result, they settled on a pegged rate currency system or per value system. Members had an obligation to state a par value for their national currency and to limit the fluctuations of exchange rate within maximum margins of plu
One of my passions is travelling. Travel involves visiting new places and meeting new people and having varied experiences. I come originally from Russia and have travelled to UK and US. I remember the quote by Samuel Johnson: “All travel has its advantages. If the passenger visits better countries, he may learn to improve his own. And if fortune carries him to worse, he may learn to enjoy it”. I have had the luck of visiting better countries and I believe my travel experiences have taught me a lot about human life and helped me expand the way I see things. When I first travelled within Russia, it opened my eyes to how other people live. I saw how people lived happily even though they did not have much money or luxuries. It taught me that to be happy, money is not the only thing. I must have an attitude to be happy with what I have. It also taught me to accept people from different races and colors. When I travelled abroad, I saw new cultures and different lifestyles. It was very exciting and adventurous. I learnt to enjoy these new experiences, to become part of these varied cultures by taking their food, wearing their dresses, etc. This has created in me the awareness that people all over the world are basically the same but they are different in the cultures – have different ways of talking, singing, enjoying, dancing, writing, building, dressing and conducting business. I have acquired a more global perspective of the world we live in. My knowledge has thus expanded because of my travel. Self confidence is another quality that I developed as a result of travelling. Whenever I travel I had to be responsible for my own luggage, tickets and documents. I had to be careful in taking flights and cabs. When I was in my home country I used to be shy to talk to new people. But during my travels, I learnt to talk to strangers and ask for help whenever I needed it. This gave me the confidence that I can make new friends. Also, new places sometimes had new customs that I had to adapt to. Travel is the time I use to read and listen to music. This also gives me the time to reflect deeply on my life’s goals and where I am right now. It is an ideal opportunity to break free from a routine lifestyle. I feel very much relaxed during my travel and enjoy seeing new scenes and landscapes. It gives me time to discover more about myself. For example, when I was in Los Angeles, I saw a rock music performance at a club where everyone danced. I had not danced earlier at clubs. But when I joined the fun, I was surprised to realize that I enjoyed the experience a lot. Travel also gives me a sense of being free and independent. It makes my mind open to new experiences all the time. Even during a flight I get to taste new food, hear a new language, see new ways of dressing and listen to new kinds of music. This is very exciting and I thoroughly enjoy my life during these moments. Through my travels, I have m
The Levy video demonstrates that the case has a few symptoms of trauma-related behaviors. This statement refers to the fact that Jake shows disinterest in the environment because he does not care about being late to work. The man also deals with alcohol abuse, an aggressive attitude toward his wife, Sheri, and a depressive mood. Sheri admits that Jake has changed, and it is evident that all these symptoms adversely affect the family. The problems in the case refer to the fact that Jake focuses on his traumatic experience, and these thoughts adversely impact his everyday functioning. This state of affairs contributes to the fact that Jake has a worsening relationship with his wife. Since his traumatic experience negatively affects the family dynamics, it is possible to suggest that an individual treatment approach would not be sufficient. One can indicate that the combination of individual and family interventions can lead to the most optimal outcomes. Numerous scholars investigate the effect of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on families, which results in multiple articles on the topic. Consequently, it is possible to choose among many interventions, and the FOCUS Family Resilience Program seems appropriate. According to Saltzman (2016), this intervention “has been administered nationally to thousands of military family members since 2008 and has been implemented in a wide range of civilian community, medical, clinical, and school settings” (p. 647). That is why it is rational to suggest that sufficient data support the effectiveness of this evidence-based program, which advocates for selecting it for the Levy family. The proposed intervention follows a specific outline to ensure that it positively affects patients. The FOCUS-trained clinicians cooperate with parents, children, and entire families to make them express their stories and build shared goals (Saltzman, 2016). Each family member is encouraged to disclose their stories and create a timeline of their experiences, which should allow the other members to identify areas of pain. This intervention relies on the theory that families have relationship problems when they do not have mutual understanding (Saltzman, 2016). Consequently, the FOCUS intervention aims to solve this issue and eliminate distortion and estrangement between family members. It is possible to expect that the proposed intervention can result in significant benefits for the Levy family. For example, when Jack understands that his behavior results in an emotional burden for his relatives, he will likely find the internal strength to manage his worries. When Sheri and the children comprehend how significant the traumatic event was for Jack, they will be less critical of his deviant behavior. Consequently, such a comprehensive approach can ameliorate the presenting problems. In conclusion, evidence from numerous sources justifies the selection of t
Introduction FTTH, the acronym for Fiber to the Home , concerns fiber-optic wires that reinstate the currently existent copper cable technology. FTTH has an upper hand over this cooper cable technology due to its capability of carrying high-speed broadband services incorporating audio, video, and data which is connected directly to the junction box of the home or the building. Thus, it is also sometimes referred to as Fiber to the Building , or FTTB. Conventional copper cable technology uses analog signals produced by telephonic instruments like fax machines. Analog technology is less accurate as a signaling tool as compared to digital technology. (Park, 2006) Although multiplexing has made possible the transmission of digital signals over multiple channels using copper lines, fiber optic cable provides a much better alternative to transmit these signals and provides for quicker transfer rates and practically limitless bandwidth. Thus, this technology has enabled us to take a quantum leap towards faster Internet speed, better video streaming, and provides for other demanding applications like online gaming and Gigabit file transfers. (Afsahi, 2007) The Internet exploits the framework of fiber optic cables competent enough to deliver implausible bandwidth. This intrinsic ability formulates the Internet as a principal source for progressive network technologies which can be applied to the home or in commercial activities. However, the majority of the subscribers gain access to this network by means of copper cables with constrained capability. This forms a bottleneck for progressive technologies which gradually require superior bandwidths. FTTH technology narrows this gap. Fiber optic cables are built with glass fiber have the competence of carrying data at a rate beyond 2.5 gigabits per second (gbps). FTTH services normally offer an assortment of plans with various speeds dependent on the costs. At the lower levels, service plans offer transmission rates of 10 megabits per second (mbps), whilst standard DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) services operating on existing copper lines are able to offer just 1.5 mbps. A higher-priced FTTH service might offer data transmission rates greater than 100 mbps- approximately 66 times quicker than common DSL services. (Afsahi, 2007) FTTH uses various architectures. It might use a point-to-point architecture, or even a passive optical network (PON). The former necessitates the provider to maintain an optical receiver for all customers individually on the field. On the other hand PON FTTH relies on a central transceiver and splitter to make room for up to 32 consumers at a time. Optical electric converters, or OEC, are employed to alter the signals to interface with copper cabling where necessary. FTTH differs from Fiber to the Curb (FTTC) in the sense that FTTC is not directly connected to the home or building- it runs o