ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract BP is a multinational company with an interest in sustainable energy production. Its main components include gas, petroleum, and lately wind. The company explores, refines, and retails all its products. It has various branches all over the world and is a major employment provider. BP has the purpose of improving efficiency in the energy sector and meeting the world’s energy needs. In April 2010, one of their contractors, Transocean, the rig had two explosions in the Gulf of Mexico. Transocean is the world’s greatest offshore drilling contractor (Beckcom, 2010). This resulted in a spillage in the ocean causing death to marine life and affecting Far East beaches. Thereafter there emerged a blame game between BP and Transocean on whose fault the incident was with both parties refusing to take full responsibility. BP Oil Spill In the BP case, a proper environmental assessment would have controlled if not averted the whole fiasco. Judging by the impact the blast had and the consequences that followed, it is clear that BP had a very weak environmental impact assessment. The amount of damage that resulted from the incident was so overwhelming but with proper environmental impact assessment, the excess damage would have been contained. People in the Gulf depend on the ecosystems for services, as food, fuel, tourism, and recreation (National Academy of Sciences, 2013). BP needed to have assessed that beforehand to avoid any inconvenience. BP was not genuine in blaming Transocean for the incident. Although, on the other hand, BP would not take full blame it had to agree that the project was aimed at benefitting their organization and Transocean was just a contractor. It was the duty of BP to ensure they have well-laid action to avoid the spillage. Alternatively, control it in the case it occurred. In their report on the spill, Transocean attributed some of the errors to themselves but they maintained that the incident was due to a succession of interrelated good designs, construction, and sequential abandonment choices that compromised the reliability of the well and increased the risk of failure ( Deep Water Horizon – Oil Spill Solutions , 2011). These decisions were made by BP a few weeks before the blast and led to the instability of the well. According to the report, BP had realized that their geological window for drilling oil safely was decreasing, and they introduced new equipment, some even without inspection, to hasten the process. Other reports including that of BP still blame Transocean for the incident. The report cites Transocean’s poor maintenance and poorly trained staff and Transocean had an inadequate safety plan (Schwartz, 2011). The balanced scorecard is used in strategic management and planning. It is used in many organizations to line up the organization’s operations to its vision and goals (Tutorials Point, n.d.). Using this concept, there are four main areas that are covered. The first is the financial perspective, which includes the costs an organization incurs for maximum production. From this perspective, BP had invested heavily in the offshore drill. In addition, in BP’s operations throughout t
The audience is the intended readers of a written document (Tebeaux, 2017). Understanding the type of audience and the intended message determines how effective the message will be. Misjudging the audience limits communication. A business proposal written in a friendly tone will give a poor picture of the writer. An executive reading it will not take it seriously. In the same way, a letter to a friend written in a formal tone can portray a picture of insincerity and lack of interest. Emails written to customers will contain context meant to lure them into purchasing a certain product or service; hence, it will give the product’s positives or advantages. This is because the email’s purpose is to sell to a customer rather than to educate. In contrast, emails written to an executive of a company will be formal and may contain both positive and negative details on the product or service. The purpose of the email may be to create awareness of the company’s challenges with a certain product. A writer needs to evaluate and understand the purpose of the specific writing. This refers to the specific message one wants to pass along to their readers. As a writer, one needs to understand the goals the document should achieve and the business context to communicate. The goal will determine the tone of writing. A writer should recognize his or her responsibility and how it should be reflected in the document. An irresponsible writer will pass the wrong message. One should have in mind the reader’s frame of reference when determining the content and reason for writing. A business reader’s purpose is to get answers; hence a writer should be particular in their writing. Consequently, for employees in various organizations, huge ones, it is important to include the relevant information on the first page of a report. They are usually overwhelmed with work and might have time to read long emails. Establishing the reason for writing is as crucial as identifying the target audience. The statement “Purpose always relates to readers ” (Tebeaux, 2017, pp. 16) reveals how content matters to certain audiences. The right purpose for the wrong audience will be ineffective. One may have more than a single purpose for writing. Planning involves organizing ideas a writer intends to use to achieve the desired goals. Once a writer identifies the reader and defines the document’s purpose, it becomes easy to phrase and prioritizes ideas (Tebeaux, 2017). It is important to determine the reader’s knowledge of the topic of discussion and whether they have mastery of the topic. With the responsibility to perform specific roles, a writer, specifically in organizations, is bound to communicate with senior and low-level staff. Structuring an email with the right tone is necessary to pass the right information (Stich et al., 2018). H
The history of the access to higher education has followed three aspects in the last century namely; the era of great expansion due to increased funds availability in job placement and greater attachment to education, the reduction of sexual bias leading to more female enrolment in higher education, and finally the lack of practical racial equalities in various components of the society. Despite the threat race is only ‘skin deep, its impact is greater than assume; most people are self-conscious of their race which affects all that they undertake (Diane, et al., 2005, pp.18-19). Since the Second World War, there has been significant growth in higher education and reduction of gender disparity from less than 3% to the current almost 200% increase. In those early times, higher education was a domain for the ‘crème de la crème’, this was coupled with the little importance attached to higher education in the job search. The percentage of people with higher education in the job market was less than 2% of the workforce. David (2008, pp.132-146) states that the basic stimuli to the surged interest for higher education were initiated by; full or partial funding by some willing institutions, the need to climb up the corporate ladder, and the increase in education funding by the government. The drawbacks of the growth were such as hiking of individual educational costs in the 1970s and 1980s that defined classes; those who could afford and those who could not afford certain schools, and the silent racial reflex due to some quarters feeling superior to others. The research is based on six educational institutions namely; Creighton Community School, Maitland Union-MU, Riverway College, Fennister FE College-FFEC, Cosmopolitan Boys-CB, and Hemsley Girls-HG. The choice of the research sample was based on several different factors that certainly make each unique from the other. The factors are; the composition of the age range that attends the schools, the level of education offered by the institutions, the gender composition; either mixed or single-sex, the composition of the attendees as minority or majority, nationals’ majority, race, classes, or mixed composition, and the ownership of the institutions as public or private. To try to clear the findings from contradiction, the paper stirs away from other factors that influence the choice of higher education as peers, friends, family, religion, institution, and school, and keep them constant. On top of race and class in society, the above factors may duly affect a student’s preference for certain schools. The research methods used were of three types; questionnaire on a total of 502 students from the mentioned schools who were year 12, year 13 and further education-FE students, focus groups and interviews to 53 students from some of the above institutions forming a subsample, interviews on intermediaries as teachers in the institutions and interviewed several parents. In examining of market participation of the above-gathered data, it failed as the representative of the whole sample for most
Introduction A city neighborhood often possesses unique qualities reflected in its geographical location, architecture, and social demographical attributes. The districts of Los Angeles are significantly diverse, including luxurious residential areas, film-making locations, and ethnicity-dedicated regions. The neighborhood of Silver Lake, placed in the East-Central part of Los Angeles, is a prominent sector of the city, situated close to famous landmarks and public areas of interest. Silver Lake combines the features of a popular “hipster”-designed neighborhood, a natural retreat, an estate hub, and a shopping and restaurant area, becoming a perfect spot for leisure and recreational activities. This work focuses on the geographical, architectural, and social environment of Silver Lake, discussing the social tension regarding the homeless and the benefits of the neighborhood, which create an excellent recreational area for the community. Geographical Environment: The Appearance of Silver Lake The physical position of Silver Lake is incredibly beneficial, as it incorporates both natural and entertainment locations. Located in the East-Central part of Los Angeles, Silver Lake borders Echo Park, Los Feliz, and East Hollywood, making these attractions highly accessible for residents and tourists. A significant geographical landmark is Silver Lake, an old water reservoir, which is currently offline and is used as a park for recreation (Romolini and Strauss 5). The presence of a natural area that can be used for walks and other residential activities is a considerable benefit for the community (Figure A). Many community residents positively evaluate the reservoir, considering it an advantageous space that improves the level of welfare for numerous people (Romolini and Strauss 5). Furthermore, the transportation system in Silver Lake is highly developed, allowing for easy traversal either by public transport or on foot. Figure A. The Silver Lake Reservoir (Fleming). The most notable feature of the Silver Lake is the presence of a considerable number of restaurants, cafes, bars, and other food points, making the neighborhood a prime location for dining. The accessibility of farmers’ markets, multicultural cuisines, and the interest of the young population towards a unique dining experience prompted the development of numerous coffee shops, trendy restaurants, and vegan cafes (Compton). The Sunset Boulevard is one of the prominent locations housing various dining options, which are exceptionally diverse in nature. Given the current trends toward international cuisines, vegan eating, and healthy dieting, the businesses of Silver Lake tend to cater to popular needs. A variety of foods accessible at Silver Lake can satiate the needs of many individuals, providing interesting options for everyday eating and special occasions. Another significant factor contributing to the range of food businesses in Silver Lake is the dedication of numerous artists to this community. The Silver Lake neighborhood is well known for being a shelter to the individuals of creative occupations, from food
The concept of the product life cycle (PLC) is valuable for many reasons. Chiefly, it provides the marketing personnel with an understanding of the dynamics of the market and the ability to timely assess the change in customer demand and react to it (Bamford & Forrester 2010). The first stage of PLC, introduction, provides strategic opportunities for a proper evaluation of the customer base needs and development of an appropriate set of marketing interventions. The growth phase is most valuable for the maximization of profit through logistical and operational management. The maturity stage provides the possibilities for interventions aimed at rejuvenating sales. Finally, the decline, which is usually deemed a phase with the fewest strategic capabilities, can still provide the means for additional revenue. The first phase, introduction, consists of several elements, with the three most commonly recognized being the design and the provision of the new products. The former often emphasizes innovation, a critical component that presumably guarantees the product’s success among customers. While the role of innovation cannot be underestimated, it should not be mistaken for the element solely responsible for the successful product/service introduction. A good example is Apple, the company famous for regularly launching the products which have little to no innovative features and often lose to the respective ones of their competitors but enjoy tremendous success on the regular basis (Auron 2016). While this is a rare example and does not prove the irrelevance of the innovation, it still means that a comprehensive and focused design-manufacturing interface coupled with clever marketing strategies can successfully substitute the need for innovation at least on some occasions. Thus, the interface is the most critical element of organizations strategically. A crucial element interconnected with the design and manufacturing interface and contributing to other areas of the introduction phase is the quality function deployment (QFD). It is a complex and concise tool for processing the data on customers’ needs and satisfaction into a meaningful and approachable quantifiable form. In other words, QFD can translate intangible marketing requirements into measurable technical attributes, which then can be utilized to produce a module mix important for the design and operations interface (Wang & Chen 2012). Since its introduction in the late 1960s, it continues being used today for the assessment of the various stages of the PLC, most notably the new product planning (NPP) (Ko & Chen 2014). Despite its concise nature allowing for a broad enclosure of the factors contributing to the evaluation process, some amendments have been proposed to enhance the process. For instance, Huertas-Garcia and Consolación-Segura (2009) have introduced a methodology which expanded the understanding of the consumer feedback and added value to the services by coupling QFD with statistical design of experiments. Naturally, the use of QFD is not restricted to the initial phase. For instance, Apple utilizes customer satisfaction data throughout the process, even on the final stage of th
Introduction Reproduction in obese women has been a subject of contempt for some time now. Studies show that obesity among women of reproductive age is on the rise in fact it’s almost doubling. Obesity mostly begins in childhood and becomes more common in the teenage years (Kanagalingam, Forouhi, Greer & Satter, 2005). This article looks at what obesity is and how it affects reproduction in women together with possible medical intervention. Definition of Obesity Obesity in the simplest terms refers to the condition whereby one has extra fat in the body. The term has over time been confused with the term ‘overweight’ which is related to but not the same, overweight often refers to the situation where one weighs more than the optimum weight relative to the height. Weight however may be obtained from muscle structure, water content, fat as well as bones (Nelson & Fleming, 2009). The number of calories that one consumes should balance with the amount of the same used in day-to-day activities, failure to balance the two leads to obesity. This kind of disorder can be caused by lack of proper physical exercise which is meant to help the body utilize the excess fat consumed, bad eating habits where one component of food, for instance, fat is consumed in large portions as compared to other components, therefore, presenting a balance crisis. some of the fat is not converted into energy; it ends up accumulating in the body. The situation may also be genetically motivated. Problems related to obesity in reproduction Obesity as a condition leads to several health-related complications for instance quite often it is associated with diabetes mellitus a disease that is becoming very common among both young and old people across the globe. In fact, recently a nine old child was diagnosed with the disease which initially passed as an old age complication. Other common therapeutic conditions include cardiovascular ailments, cancer of the breast and that of the uterus, problems relating to pregnancy, and shortcomings in the reproductive health of an individual. The named problems are predominant in women than men however that does not suggest that no man experiences obesity-related difficulties but the proposition here is that, the prevalence in women is high (Nelson & Fleming, 2009). Empirical data shows that a good number of women in pursuit of medical solutions at reproductive health centers present problems associated with infertility apparently most of them have an above-average body mass index (BMI). Obesity is said to have a negative impact on the ability of a woman to ovulate regularly, this in the long run leads to a condition known as subfertility as well as a high prevalence to miscarry whenever a conception occurs (Smith, 2004). Obesity causes serious maternal problems because there is a great correlation between obesity and hypersensitive disorders that come with pregnancy. The disorders include fetal distress which may lead to giving birth to an abnormal child, the situation also comes with altered moods among preg
Humankind cultivates Rice for thousand of years of history, and this cereal could be identified as the most popular all over the world. The history of the cultivation of Rice began a long time ago: archeological excavations show that six to seven thousand years ago, people grew up Rice and used it in food. Evidence of that is shown in the remains of pottery with traces of Rice, ancient rice fields with a system of channels for irrigation, ancient Indian and Chinese manuscripts where Rice is listed in ritual offerings to gods and is idolized itself. Rice has a rich history and is full of adventures; the Rice is connected to the destiny of millions of people who grow up Rice and eat it daily since ancient times and to this day. Historical information Asia is considered to be the homeland of Rice: in Asia, and to be exact, in the north of modern Thailand and Vietnam, has started to cultivate rice for the first time. This plant has turned up tasty, nutritious and gave more plentiful crop in comparison to millet and wheat. However, the process of distribution of Rice in Asia was slow enough: only starting from 500 B.C., rice fields could be seen in a significant part of India, China, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Moving forward to the north, Rice easily adapted for more severe weather conditions. If in Southern Asia rice demanded a lot of water and warm climate through the whole year, in central China, Korea, and Japan there ware sorts which accustomed to the cold of the night, and rather a small amount of water. Other characteristics of Rice also varied; for example, in Korea and Japan, round grain rice which is sticking together at cooking, and at the bottom of the Himalayas Punjab, in the Indian province and Pakistan – especially well grew fragrant, long grain rice “basmati.” For the first millennium of our era, Rice has subdued not only territories of the Middle East and became the recognized favorite, having pressed millet and wheat, but also has found a way to the hearts of people in Asia, becoming an integral part of their culture. The value of Rice Rice is one of the most often used products; it is the basic energy supply for half of the population of a planet. The value of Rice for our organism comes, first of all, in the carbohydrates. In fact, any groats, first of all, deliver the organism complex carbohydrates. These substances serve as the basic energy sources for the work of the muscles. The most widespread of the carbohydrates – the starch, its ratio in the integral grain of Rice is about 55 %, and in rice groats about 70.7 %. Other important elements for our body are food fibers of Rice which are not assimilated or absorbed and leave our organism “safe,” but carry away from our organism the trash with it, accelerating the outlet of slags, and also conduct good work of the digestive tract, preventing stagnation of the digested food. Most of all, cellulose is in
Making decisions has always been a difficult process for every person or organization. The organizational level, on the one hand, has decision-making as a problematic point due to the responsibility for the lives of numerous people employed by it. A wrong decision made at the organizational level leads the negative consequences for a group of people. On the personal level, decision-making is complicated because of the personal peculiarities of every human being. One doubts about the necessity of the change fear this or that change or its consequences. The decision is so hard for me to make due to a number of reasons. First of all, I have spent several years studying to become a staff nurse. After graduation, I got the job I always wanted to get and now it is rather threatening to me to switch the workplace for something new. On the other hand, I currently plan to develop my career in the area of community nursing or become a charge nurse. These are both nice perspectives for me, but to choose the right one I have to consider all pros and cons of each of the steps. That is why in my current situation I hesitate about the choice I am to make in the near future between becoming a charge nurse or being employed as a common health nursing worker. Thus, in case if I choose to become a charge nurse at one of the facilities in my area, I will face both advantages and drawbacks of this position. As for the former, taking the position of the charge nurse is a more responsible and challenging task than serving a staff nurse. My duties will be expanded, and so will be the responsibility and the prestige of my work. The drawbacks, on the other hand, will include the new workplace which I will have to adjust to, possible issues connected with new duties, and lack of guarantee of stable employment at the new facility. Not surprisingly, the choice of the second alternative that I currently have will result in the same dualism. In other words, being employed in community health nursing I will obtain the opportunity to develop my social image, i. e. to become more useful for the community and to establish new useful ties with its members. However, this position will involve the need to adjust to the new working environment as well. Depending on the staff currently employed in the facility, this might be a problematic task. Finally, I could lose the opportunity to develop my career in the current field and reach nothing at all by trying to achieve several goals at once. Thus, it is evident that both alternatives that I currently have displayed their positive and negative sides. On the one hand, by switching my current position for something else I will lose the authority and respect I have to fight for them in a new position and in a new team. On the other hand, by choosing one of the alternatives mentioned I can develop my career further and strive for higher goals in my work. Wishing to be useful to society, I have chosen to work in the area of nursing, and currently, I am inclined to think t