ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Homelessness affects all strata of the population in the United States. The most vulnerable portion, however, is the nation’s children and teenagers. Unfortunately, children under the age of 16 often run away from home and remain without shelter for prolonged periods of time. Parental neglect and family conflicts often contribute to this issue. There have been numerous government interventions in the form of policies since the times of the Great Depression, but the number of homeless children and teenagers has only increased. In this context, social workers and human service professionals play a significant role. They can help prevent this social challenge by aiding families in improving their relationships and mitigating conflicts. Historical Perspective Youth homelessness is a social phenomenon that can be summarized as a complete dismissal of a minor from his or her family. It is often associated with the loss of their place of residence and occupation (Morton et al., 2018). It is an extreme manifestation of neglect, which usually results from carelessness on behalf of children’s parents or guardians. Homelessness may lead to the improper formation of the personality of minors and contributes to the development of socially harmful behavior. Youth homelessness has been a significant public concern for many decades. According to the report shared by Voices of Youth Count (2017), about 1 in 10 (3.5 million) young adults at the age of 18-25 experience homelessness in different forms. Christian organizations have long been trying to draw public attention to homeless children. However, in the majority of cases, religion cannot be a solution for homeless people because they have to deal with maltreatment, the absence of guardians, or the holes in the system. As for large cities, such as New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, homeless children eventually fall under the supervision of law enforcement agencies (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2019). Then, they are transferred to orphanages, shelters, and distribution centers. Causes of youth homelessness primarily depend on political, legislative, social, and economic factors. Therefore, throughout history, different constituents determined the rates of homelessness among children. For instance, in the 20th century, the Great Depression was a significant cause of child homelessness (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2019). An increase in unemployment rates and deindustrialization had a deteriorating impact on the welfare of children (Slesnick et al., 2018). Homelessness could be either a reason for the lack of employment opportunities or an outcome of the lack of jobs for young people. Despite the fact that the Great Depression is primarily associated with unfavorable economic conditions and poverty, significant policy changes took place in the 1930s. For instance, in 1933, the Federal Transient Bureau w
The emergency department (ED), sometimes termed the emergency room (ER), emergency ward (EW), accident & emergency (A&E) department or casualty department is a hospital or primary care department that provides initial treatment to patients with a broadspectrum of illnesses and injuries, some of which may be life threatening and requiring immediate attention. Emergency departments developed during the 20th century in response to an increased need for rapid assessment and management of critical illnesses. In some countries, emergency departments have become important entry points for those without other means of access to medical care. Upon arrival in the ED, people typically undergo a brief triage, or sorting, interview to help determine the nature and severity of their illness. Individuals with serious illnesses are then seen by a physician more rapidly than those with less severe symptoms or injuries. After initial assessment and treatment, patients are either admitted to the hospital, stabilized and transferred to another hospital for various reasons, or discharged. The staff in emergency departments not only includes doctors, but physician assistants (PAs) and nurses with specialized training in emergency medicine and in house emergency medical technicians, respiratory therapists, radiology technicians, Healthcare Assistants (HCAs), volunteers, and other support staff who all work as a team to treat emergency patients and provide support to anxious family members. The emergency departments of most hospitals operate around the clock, although staffing levels are usually much lower at night. Since a diagnosis must be made by an attending physician, the patient is initially assigned a chief complaint rather than a diagnosis. This is usually a symptom: headache, nausea, loss of consciousness. The chief complaint remains a primary fact until the attending physician makes a diagnosis. Patients arrive at emergency departments in two main ways: by ambulance or independently. The ambulance crew notifies the hospital beforehand if they are transporting a severely ill patient, and if the patients condition warrants, a physician may direct the ambulance crew to begin treatment while still en route. These patients are rushed to the emergency department’s resuscitation area, where they are met by a team with the expertise to deal with the patients’ conditions. For example, patients with major trauma are seen by a trauma team consisting of emergency physicians and nurses, a surgeon, and an anestheologist. Patients arriving independently or by ambulance are typically triaged by a nurse with training in emergency medicine. Patients are seen in order of medical urgency, not in order of arrival. Patients are triaged to the resuscitation area, majors area, or minors area. Emergency/Accident and Emergency departments usually have one entrance with a lobby and a waiting room for pa
Slavery was one of the main engines of the market revolution. This fact was associated with the rapid development of the textile industry. Even though the labor of free people was used in production, the creation of textiles could not do without cotton, the supplier of which was precisely the slave-owning South. The abolition of slavery itself was quite a long process. Consequently, obtaining freedom under various pretexts could be postponed for a long time. Even with the adoption of laws in many states, the employers themselves did not seek to free the slaves belonging to them. Perhaps this may be since much money was spent on slave labor, which no one would compensate, although various attempts were made. It was impossible to get freedom born in a family of slaves until the age of 25. All this created many problems and disputes, which is why this process was prolonged. However, despite how slowly the process of emancipation from slavery took place, one can witness a significant improvement in the life of the Black population at that time. Firstly, with the release of a significant number of people, their quality of life also improved, which allowed the population to increase. Also, with freedom came the awareness of their position in society, which motivated the Black population to fight for their rights. Consequently, changes had to take place in society. Thus, a small part of the population has the opportunity to send their children to schools, as well as to take a direct part in voting. Another significant improvement in the whole situation was that in many Northern states, Black citizens were granted property rights and the opportunity for a fair trial with the participation of a jury. Thus, it became noticeable that the measures taken in the Northern States to free people from slavery improved the situation as a whole. In addition, this was the reason for the appearance of their culture, since now every free person could own and build a business, improve education, and take a direct part in the life of society. Unfortunately, the situation in the South had a radically opposite situation. Moreover, the market revolution had a completely different impact there. The invention of various devices contributed to the fact that the planters significantly increased the volume of cotton production. Accordingly, more and more people were needed, which increased the number of the slave population. The cotton exports to other states have grown incredibly, and the incomes of planters have also increased. Thus, southern planters were not motivated to abolish slavery since cheap labor was required to perform this work. The situation of the slave Black population was depressing, as many people were involved in the process of increasing enslavement. Everyone was interested in this, even textile manufacturers in the Northern States. Considering the impact of the market revolution on the female population, it should be said exactly how the perception of women in society has changed. Firstly, the working principle has changed. Now Americans began to work at enterprises, which made the past way
Introduction The company for developing the application ‘Retired & Revived’ consists of five people who are responsible for the different stages of the product’s completion. The product manager guides the team and works as a mediator and a communicator between other members, helping to enhance user experience and planning. The designer is responsible for the visual appearance and the interface of the app, creating its logo and branding for the app, the website, and marketing materials. Two developers deal with the technical aspects – they write the code and make the app usable. Their contribution is vital at all stages, starting with the earliest idea and continuing throughout the app’s existence on the market. Finally, the marketing specialist is the fifth member of the team, working to promote the application and raise awareness. The company is focused on digital products; thus, its main activity is based online. The Distribution Channel Distribution channels differ in traditional and digital marketing, and the app’s success depends on the company’s ability to attract enough attention online. The first possible channel is app store optimization that requires the team to create an app store listing with easily searchable and popular keywords, screenshots, videos, and recognizable features (Chaffey & Smith 2017). Second, advertising and social media marketing can be used to attract audiences who do not actively use app stores. Facebook Ads can raise the app’s visibility among older clients (Chaffey & Smith 2017). Third, in-app marketing may be effective in communities that share information among themselves and promote products that they enjoy (Chaffey & Smith 2017). To achieve this, the app has to have a call to review and recommend the app to others. Finally, being featured on a page in an app store can promote the app through internal recommending mechanisms of the platform. The company can contact the editor team and create a niche for its product. The Value Proposition ‘Retired & Revived’ offers several opportunities for its clients and other stakeholders. It can promote personal growth since it encourages people to participate in various activities, creative, and healthy hobbies, and sports (Berenguer et al. 2016). The app also may raise the question of people’s retirement and meaningful time spending. The features of the application allow people to engage with local businesses and communities, creating support networks and increasing friend circles for people with similar interests. The app is focused on real human connections and experiences. Furthermore, seniors who use the app can discover new or remember old passions. Similar to health apps, it may positively impact their wellbeing, reducing depression and preventing unhealthy lifestyles (Rasche et al. 2018). For other businesses, the value of this applies in attracting new customers and increasing their recognition locally.
Explain the two interpretations of the meaning of a right to life. Which version is implicitly advocated by Thomson? Thompson accepts that every individual has the right to life, that is, the fetus has the right life, and also the mother has the right to life. From the above two interpretations, Thompsons advocates that the right to life of the mother must be respected; this is because it is within the choices of the mother to decide what should take place in her body and nobody should object to that, including whether or not to have an abortion. From the analogy of the violinist, Thompson argues that the right to life does not include the right to kill but instead the right not to be killed in an unjust manner, an idea that cuts across the analogies that he applies in all his arguments. To him, abortion is unjust killing. In explaining the principle of the right to life, Thompson used a thought experiment to justify that induced abortion can be allowed. Thompson agrees that at conception, the fetus has the right to live but he contradicts this fact by arguing that the right of the fetus to live will not in any way override the decision of the mother to decide on whatever occurs in her body. He considers the freedom of the mother to have sex voluntarily but disagrees with the victimization of the mother based on her ability to decide whether to procure an abortion and hence abortion is allowed despite the fact that the mother might be aware of the risks from sex (Thompson 267). Describe Marquis’s novel argument concerning abortion. Do you find it persuasive? According to Marquis, abortion is an immoral act and should only be sanctioned in exceptional circumstances. I find Marquis’s argument persuasive because he posits that abortion is like the killing of any other individual like us. The fact that he uses persuasive language like FLO to mean future like ours is aimed at arousing emotional attachment since it compares the life of the fetus to that of ours or that of a mature individual, he seeks to underline the fact that if we could have been aborted then we could not have a life experience like the one we have. Marquis argues that only killing should
Claude Monet, Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer), 1891, 60×100.5. Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer) (1890/91) by Claude Monet is an oil painting on canvas that was a part of a series of similar landscapes, the subject of which “stood just outside the painter’s farmhouse” (“Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer)”). The impressionist series depicting the same stack of hay is notable for the ability of Monet to repeat the same them but to capture different atmospheres, times of day, and times of the year. The End of Summer version shows a perfect balance between cold and warm tones, a clear sky, and sunlit nature that is peaceful and calming to the eye. The seasonal manifestations of nature and the color harmonies inherent to the image show that the subject matter was chosen carefully and was a product of Monet’s careful analysis and thought. Two stacks of hay represent the central focus of the composition. They are of different sizes, and one is located closer to the viewer as well as closer to the frame of the painting. The haystacks are loosely triangular in shape but have some curves at the sides. The grass underneath the stacks is multi-colored and multi-dimensional, which shows a unique play with light and color balance. There are green, blue, yellow, brown, and even pink hues in the grass, and the transition between the colors transfers the change of seasons. While green is one of the dominant colors of the paintings and represents the summer, the yellows and browns that Monet used strategically hint at the season’s ending and that warm tones would soon be overwhelming the landscape. The composition of the painting is balanced by dark green trees that are located between the two stacks of hay. From the first look, it may seem that the trees in the background have some significance or m
In the United States, society has come up with strategies aimed at helping children with disabilities to realize their potentials. This is done through the provision of care services, raising the welfare, offering quality education, and enhancing development. The society upholds the idea that the needy and the physically challenged should be provided with the necessary care. However, it is believed that the strategies should be planned carefully to ensure effectiveness. The strategies employed fall under early intervention strategies. The strategies employ a practical theory, with established systems of beliefs. The tenets of the theory are research-based implying that the theory is empirical. In education, early intervention strategies play a critical role in enhancing the living standards of the physically challenged children in society. Early intervention strategies consist of special education tenets and instructional strategies. Theoretically, early intervention strategies are based on behavioral theories, the cognitive-behavioral tradition of Bandura, and neo-behavioral theories. The theories combine to form a single theory referred to as practice theory, with some scholars terming it as the theory of change. The theory draws examples from various theorists in various fields. Since the theory incorporates the tenets of various theories, it can as well be referred to as a unified theory of early intervention practice. The theory has eight major tenets, which makes it unique. One of the tenets is that the family is the primary socializing agent. It plays a critical role in ensuring that children are brought up in accordance with the societal norms and rules. Children with disabilities learn at a tender age to appreciate their condition. However, the case is different in case the family abuses infants. The second tenet claims that the formation of strong relationships among stakeholders is another important factor that enhances cooperation. In this case, parents should strengthen relationships with teachers and other stakeholders, such as policy formulators. This makes life simple for children with disabilities. The third theory observes that children with disabilities learn new things through observation. This means that the environment influences children’s behavior. This implies that children are influenced by the surrounding, not the biological features. The fourth tenet observes that adults have a role to play in shaping the lives of children with disabilities. In other words, adults mediate the experiences of children with disabilities. This is different from teaching because mediating entails facilitation. The fifth tenet of the theory notes that children with disabilities are able to achieve their potentials in case the environment is more developed. In this regard, the community plays a role in enhancing the living standards of children with disabilities. The sixth tenet observes that early
The threat of Ebola has recently become one of the major concerns for many American medical workers and public administrators who want to eliminate even the minor risk of epidemic outbreak in the country. The instances of this disease have already been registered in the United States and this issue is widely discussed in various news reports. One should note that these events have increased the concerns of many people who want to safeguard themselves against possible risks. On the whole, this case demonstrates that a healthcare problem can have profound implications for society and political life of the country. In particular, the threat of Ebola has significantly increased people’s sense of insecurity. To some extent, this situation can be explained by the influence of mass media because journalists can profoundly shape the views of many people. Additionally, this risk has prompted governmental officials to consider restricting travel to and from countries which are badly affected by Ebola. So, this issue has affected the decisions of policy-makers. On the whole, this issue has highlighted the need for cooperation between healthcare professionals and public administrators because these professionals have sufficient knowledge and expertise to address this problem. Moreover, this case illustrates the role of mass media that can shape the opinions of many people; yet, their influence may not be always beneficial. These are the main questions that should be discussed in greater detail. It should be mentioned that in the early nineties, Ebola has been described as one of the major health risk, especially in the world that was becoming more and more globalized (Leach 488). There were many films that highlighted the dangers of this virus. For instance, it is possible to mention such works as The coming Plague and The Hot Zone ( Leach 488 ). One should keep in mind that the risks of Ebola did not attract much attention of people living in advanced countries because it could be observed primarily in African countries (Leach 488). Nevertheless, the situation changed dramatically, especially at the time when a patient infected with this virus came to the United States. Similar cases were regist
The water sources on Earth become more and more polluted every decade due to the technological progress and the garbage that is not recycled properly. Families that live in urban areas might be the first people to face the lack of pure water and its expensiveness as they share the sewerage pipes of their apartment houses. The following paper will discuss the problems that the low-quality water might cause to the health of people from urban areas and their lifestyles. Water Pollution The analysis of the study by Boulay et al. (2014) showed that many pure water sources on Earth are polluted, and the most of the clear liquid delivered to people with the help of plumbing is usually filtered. The research’s hypothesis is aimed at identifying whether polluted water sources might affect the planet’s population in the nearest future or not. Recently, the scholars discovered that the Pacific Ocean contains a tremendous amount of different garbage in its waters (plastic, thin metal, chemicals, and other toxic substances) (Boulay et al., 2014). The study’s assumption says that the low quality of water might influence a significant increase in mass mortality rates all over the world. The methodology of the research by Boulay et al. (2014) implies laboratory tests of water from different countries. The conclusion of the discussed article states that humanity has to develop alternative sources of energy as some of them influence the water ecology, which remains at a critical level today. According to Boulay et al. (2014), the price of water has been increasing for several decades as various businesses and governments in the world’s first states are familiar with a possible water deficit. Although these expenses are not critical today, they might increase significantly as the filtering equipment may not be able to process as much water as the population of a certain area’s require. Indeed, people face the problem of water pollution daily as many rivers, tourist locations, and other natural resources are overwhelmed with garbage and toxic chemicals. Possible Problems in Urban Areas As it is mentioned above, young families, college students, and old people live in apartments to reduce their housing expenses. Tremendous harm might be caused to them and their health by low-quality water. It would be proper to mention that water quality does not only depend on the level of pollution. Also, such a factor as old plumbing might hurt the health of the urban areas’ inhabitants as different bacteria might breed and evolve in rusty pipes (Cairns, 2013). These microorganisms may be the carriers of various infections that might be the reasons for mass hospitalization and deaths. However, the pollution of water remains the most important problem that has to be addressed by the government before the horrible consequences described above emerge. Unfortunately, people do not test the water quality