ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many authors and researchers consider the United States of America a super power in the world due to its technological advancements, as well as excellent leadership. It is a global leader in innovations and technology. This paper outlines some events that occurred in USA in the 20th century, some of which still affect the country in the 21st century. The Technological Changes that Forced United States to Globalize its Security Approach The twentieth century refers to the period between 1900 and 2000. During this period, the policymakers in the United States of America got more concerned about the security of the country (Gaddis 25) as a result of several technological changes in the international railroads and telegraphs as well as the emergence of a steam-driven warship. America had to globalize the approaches to security due to these changes, which posed a substantial threat to the security of this country. The rising production of modern weapons also posed danger to America. Thus, the country had to expand its security beyond internal borders. Prior to this concern, the country used three principles to provide security to the country. These were preemption, hegemony and unilateralism. Preemption became successful since the US had large borders and inadequate resources for their defense. This principle involved fighting the enemies directly. It used unilateralism due to its geographical isolation from Europe, thus it could not look up to powerful friends to help the country in achieving its interests. Hegemony showed the country’s determination in staying away from sharing power with powerful states within the continent. The United States Public and Global Role in the World during the First Half of the 20th Century The wars that occurred during the 20th century were responsible for drawing USA to a global role of leadership (Gaddis 55). The country assumed the position of a global leader after dissolution of the Soviet Union in the year 1991; up to date, many people view the country as a leader in the global economy, politics as well as social development. Furthermore, the U.S. assumed a global role in the world during this period because of the emergence of modern weapons. The country joined the First World War due to the evolution of modern weapons and opinions of President Woodrow Wilson, who felt that security should be tightened beyond borders. This opinion faced opposition from the American citizens as well as the elected representatives but it was crucial for the country’s economy and protection of its jurisdiction. The public had to support the government in its activities so as to enhance technological advancements that had emerged. The American
Introduction Literature is the reflection of life, an exquisite mirror displaying the very facts of personal, individual, collective and social life. Poetry is one of the most beautiful and sublime forms of literature; it is therefore the genre is often called the dance of words. Poetry is the record of imaginary events, but it is more: the events must be elaborated in a lively and persuasive style. (Daiches 1991, 53) There are many kinds of poetry including sonnet, lyric, poem, haiku, tanka, limericks, blank verse, dramatic monologue and others. Robert Browning is one of the distinguished poets of nineteenth century. It is he who introduced dramatic monologue in the poetry as an innovative and unique form of expression. The great achievement of Robert Browning (1812-1889) was to break away from the post Keatsian handling of sensory images and bring back to a colloquial vigor to English poetry. (Daiches 1997, 1002) In dramatic monologue, there is generally one speaker, and one or more listeners. The reader can judge and assess the expressions and gestures of the listeners through the words delivered by the speaker. A dramatic monologue usually describes a critical moment of the speaker’s life, and offers an indirect revelation of his or her temperament and personality. (Peck & Coyle 1999, 26) The bitter theme in the dramatic monologue is usually concealed behind the flowery words full of satire and irony, which can easily be examined by studying a poem in an analytical way. My Last Duchess is also a true example of Browning’s dramatic monologue. Browning had developed an independence of style, with an assumption of unusual rhythms, grotesque rhythms and abrupt broken phrasing. (Evans 1990, 101) Theme and Mood of the Poem The poem under study entitled My Last Duchess has been written in the form of single stanza, where satire and irony determine the theme and mood of t
Geography plays a crucial role in shaping the economy. The city of Shenzhen in China is an evident example. Its defining geographic feature is proximity to the coast and the Pearl River, which lowers transportation costs and allows maintaining the competitive production of IT components. In geographic terms, Shenzhen’s main feature is its position in the Pearl River Delta on the coast of the South China Sea. This circumstance offers considerable advantages in terms of transportation – it is a known fact that “being on a coast or a navigable river” facilitates trade and commerce (Henderson e al. 366). Shenzhen possesses both these characteristics: the Pearl River connects the city with the inland regions of China, while the harbor on the South China Sea coast enables it to engage in maritime trade. However, the geographical position of Shenzhen in mainland China has also impeded its economic growth for the greater part of the region’s history. Judging on the facts listed above, Shenzhen was bound to become an important trade center early on, but this did not happen because neighboring Hong Kong overshadowed it during most of its existence. The significant advantage of Hong Kong was its position on an island, which was close enough to the shore and the Pearl River for effective communication and transportation, but easier to defend due to being surrounded by water. However, what was initially a benefit turned into a disadvantage because of “rapid industrialization and urbanization” (Henderson e al. 365). Hong Kong Island proved too small for the ever-growing urban population, meaning that mainland coastal territories – such as Shenzhen – had a considerable economic potential in the industrial age precisely because of their geographic position. The economic and geographic development of Shenzhen during the last half-century illustrates the benefits of its geography. In 1979, Shenzhen became the country’s first Special Economic Zone (SEZ) (Lindtner et al. 89). The government has chosen Shenzhen due to its position on the coast and on the major river, as the proximity to both “lowers transportation costs” (Rappaport and Sachs 35). In 1979, Shenzhen’s population was approximately 50,000 people, but it superseded 10 million by 2010 (Lindtner et al. 89). Judging by these facts, the decision to make Shenzhen an SEZ because of its geographic position demonstrated a clear understanding of how geography influences commerce and the economy in general. Contemporary Shenzhen is particularly notable for its success in manifesting IT components. During the 1980s, companies from the developed world, including those in the IT industry, began moving their production facilities to regions with lower labor costs (Lindtner et al. 89). In this respect, “Shenzhen constituted a particularly attractive site,” as the Pearl River provided workforce from inland China, and its harbor on the South China Sea coast enabled cheap transportation (Lindtner et al. 89). Consequently, Shenzhen’s geography enabled the city to become one of the world’s greatest manufacturing hubs for IT parts. Geographic fe
The article by Salfino (2020) aims to present information on the opportunities for fashion retailers to use artificial intelligence (AI). In terms of COVID-19, customers wait for safe and convenient online shopping to meet their needs. In turn, e-commerce should be developed with AI through various unions and partnerships. Since a significant drop in sales by 20% in April, the market faces the tendency to improve. However, compared to other retail sectors, fashion retail seems to recover slower, and current pricing strategies should be changed to improve the situation. In this connection, the retail technology system should be taken into account, which would help in recovering in a long-term period. Based on the data from Deloitte’s State of the Consumer Tracker, the author states that 58% of customers prefer online shopping to pick up clothes in a store or curbside. It is also mentioned that the global pandemic makes fashion retail unpredictable, while the use of AI can help in anticipating the trends and setting prices accordingly. Compared to the traditional analysis of data, machine learning and artificial intelligence seem to be important for better understanding customers’ preferences and buying behaviors. It is especially important in the context of pandemics to remain aware of what exactly customers want. The key to success in price setting and approaching customers more effectively is focusing on the transformation of non-transactional data into some analyzable form. In addition, information received by AI should be available to operational management and executives. In the future, analytics states that more and more customers will make purchases online, which requires reconsidering the way of fashion retail pricing in these changing conditions. Reference Salfino, C. (2020). Here’s how fashion retailers can leverage AI during Covid. Sourcing Journal . Web.
Face recognition is the automatic localization of a human face in an image or video and, if necessary, identifying a person’s identity based on available databases. Interest in these systems is very high due to the wide range of problems they solve (Jeevan et al., 2022). This technology is a biometric software application capable of identifying a person by comparing and analyzing templates based on facial contours. This is possible because each person has unique facial contours (Kumar and Munish, 2019). In this regard, it is essential to understand what this technology is used for today and whether it poses a danger to people. Technology Development Machine vision and face recognition technologies have been developing very actively since the middle of the last century. However, they have only reached a significant level and begun recognizing faces with almost perfect accuracy (Wang et al., 2020). Technology’s rapid development was preceded by several reasons that together have become critical factors in its improvement. First, powerful computers could cope with processing significant amounts of information. Secondly, databases appeared with photographs of many people, which made it possible to develop machine intelligence (Adjabi et al., 2020). The third factor was the leap in developing neural networks, which play an essential role in face recognition. Possibilities of Use The technology is applied in a large number of spheres of human activity. These include the security and safety sector, bank card verification, online payments, forensics, mobile applications, searching for photos in large image databases, and tagging people on social networks (Li et al., 2020). All this makes it much easier to perform work and routine daily tasks. In addition to the applications above, facial recognition also works in medicine. Dedicated medical applications such as Face2Gene and DeepGestalt use facial recognition to detect genetic disorders (Latorre-Pellicer et al., 2020). They analyze the faces and compare them with a database of faces of those people who have various disorders. In addition, this technology helps to provide a greater level of security in society. Many stores have facial recognition systems that mark people as a threat if they steal something from stores. Such a system can identify a shoplifter and notify the store owner of his past antics, even if such a shoplifter has never been to the store before. Facial recognition can also be implemented in the education system. For example, one school in Sweden uses this system to check class attendance (Kun, 2022). This is how people use the latest invention today, but in the future, it can be said that the methods of applying the technology will expand significantly. Critical Analysis Despite
A hero can be defined as a person who can show courage and the will for sacrifice despite facing challenges or various weaknesses. Heroism is therefore an act of being able to face challenges by showing courage which makes one successful in the end. Characteristics of a hero include bravery, perseverance, courage, dedication, selflessness, determination, sacrifice, and courage among others. Bravery is the most important characteristic. One has to be brave to stand up for a cause. A person has to be courageous to fight a situation no matter how hard it is. One has to show determination to push for something no matter how weak they are. On the other hand, selflessness comes up whereby a person does not necessarily have to receive the benefits of their rewards. Valour is whereby the individual has the strength of spirit that enables him to encounter danger with firmness. On dedication, the person has to give oneself fully for the fight. An individual also has to sacrifice some of the things that are dear to him to achieve his goal. A hero also has to be humble and stand with others and not above them. Causes of heroism include empathy, courage, respect for human life compassion, physical and moral courage, self-esteem, confidence in the ability to prevail, impulsive and risk-taking behavior, spirituality, and sensation seeking. All these may motivate a person to pursue a cause despite the dangers that their actions may involve. The concept of heroism in ancient Greek is different from the ideologies we have about heroes today. A heroin ancient Greek was supposed to be someone religious; mainly a dead person who had received cult honors and came back to bring prosperity in the society in form of the fertility of animals and plants. First, a hero had to suffer during his lifetime and die significantly. After the death, the person was to receive immortalization in songs and cults. Just like the modern world view of heroism, in ancient Greek, a hero had to struggle against fear of death to be able to achieve a perfect death. The perfect moment of a hero’s death was then recorded in a song known as kleos. These were songs of fame and glory to give them festivals and worship as a way of compensating for his death (Burkert 1985). These forms of honors were given to the dead hero since society could not completely compensate for what he had done for them. However, the honors did not cease; they were performed seasonally in remembrance of the hero and to show him that his spirit will forever live in the society. Historically, heroes were great warriors. The modern fiction of heroism is more of a fantasy feature. This is because a hero is an ordinary person who in extraordinary circumstances despite all the odds manages to save the life of people or stop something from h
Procrastination is a behavioral problem that is typical for both young people and adults who choose to delay and avoid completing tasks in time, and researchers from the fields of psychology, education, anthropology, and management are inclined to study this problem in detail in order to address the issues of performance and productivity. Thus, in their article “Correlates of Academic Procrastination and Mathematics Achievement of University Undergraduate Students”, Akinsola, Tella, and Tella discuss the problem of procrastination in the field of education and associate procrastination in Nigerian university undergraduate students studying mathematics with their results regarding the academic performance (Akinsola, Tella, & Tella, 2007, p. 363). In his turn, in the article titled “The Nature of Procrastination: A Meta-Analytic and Theoretical Review of Quintessential Self-Regulatory Failure,” Steel focuses on discussing the psychological causes of developing procrastination in people of different ages and genders (Steel, 2007, p. 65). Although two articles discuss the topic of procrastination, writings in the fields of psychology and education are similar only in relation to the chosen IMRAD format, vocabulary, and rhetoric appeals, and the articles are different in terms of audience, use of rhetorical strategies, and discussion of findings. Thus, the writings support collaboration dynamics in the fields of psychology and education, but specialists are inclined to use these writings differently because findings in psychology are interested to the wider public than those ones in mathematical education. The target audience of writings in the fields of psychology and education is usually different and depends on the purpose of the studies and proposed implications. In the case of the article written by Akinsola, Tella, and Tella (2007), the target audience is not determined clearly, but it is possible to assume that specific results of the study in the sphere of mathematical education will be interesting for instructors and other specialists in this field. The situation is different in the case of the article in psychology because Steel refers widely to “readers” of the article as it is in case of “readers interested in the history of procrastination” (Steel, 2007, p. 66). Moreover, the content of the article in psychology is full of explained definitions to attract a wide audience to discussing the problem of procrastination. It is possible to state that the audience of both writings is different, and it can be explained with references to the fact that writings in psychology involving mostly reviews of previous literature are less specialized. Therefore, having focused on differences in audience, it is necessary to analyze the choice of rhetorical strategies to attract readers. In spite of discussing the same topic and often using the same vocabulary to explain certain concepts, the authors of two articles differently utilize rhetorical strategies to attract the readers and make them interested in the researches. The tone of Akinsola, Tella, and Tella in the article are rather persuasive
The video, presented on the CrashCourse channel, is another issue of short lectures on astronomy. The issue under consideration is almost entirely devoted to such an essential object in astronomy as a telescope. The video is divided into several parts, explaining how exactly telescopes work, looking at the disadvantages and advantages of two types of telescopes – refractors and reflectors – and explaining modern technology and physical processes (CrashCourse). Each of the topics is described in detail using specific examples and simple images to facilitate understanding. First of all, the presenter, Phil Plait, explains the most basic concept associated with telescopes – their purpose. Contrary to popular misconception, telescopes are not designed to simply magnify distant objects. Instead, telescopes make the recognition of space objects easier, make invisible things visible, and those that are already visible more clearly noticeable (CrashCourse). These targets are possible because the main task of the telescope is to collect light. While the human pupil collects a small amount of light, lenses or mirrors used in telescopes can collect, redirect, and focus light to make even the dimmest objects visible. In this case, the most important is the resolution, which makes it possible to distinguish between two separate adjacent objects, r
Chipotle is a company with a defined vision that, however, needs further refinement and readjustment. The current strategic analysis suggests that the company focuses on meeting larger goals of the communities that it serves such as health, safety, and prosperity. Strategy analysis allowed us to develop at least four strategic plans that stem from the EFE, IFE, and SWOT matrices (David, 2013). The four strategic plans are titled SO (strengths and opportunities), ST (strengths and threats), WO (weaknesses and opportunities), and WT (weaknesses and threats), based on which parts of the matrices they take into consideration. The SO plan implies that Chipotle remains in the position of power under favorable market conditions. In accordance with its strengths and opportunities, the company might want to discover foreign markets, strengthen partnerships with ethical food producers, integrate technology, and diversify the menu (“Food with Integrity”, n.d.). The need for these measures stems from broader market tendencies such as the infamous volatility of the US market, the evolving needs of the consumers, and their behavior shifting toward conscious buying and online shopping (Shaverien, 2018). Chipotle has so far been in tune with what the modern customer wants: a product that is ethically sourced and has health benefits. The ST plan, in turn, seeks to address the existing threats by making use of the company’s strengths. It appears reasonable to increase the advertising bu
Introduction A constitutional right refers to the freedom that a given constitution guarantees its citizens and cannot be denied at any given time. For instance, the US constitution guarantees individuals accused of committing crimes protection. This is well articulated in the fourth, fifth and sixth amendments. These are (constitutional rights) individual liberties that restrict any government from interfering with its people’s freedom. The US constitution reserves these rights for all citizens regardless of their societal status. In a broad sense, the right is asserted for the minority as the government instruments and takes care of the majority. Discussion Criminal law This is a combination of laws that have the capacity to bring severe outcomes like punishment when one fails to comply with them. Depending on the jurisdiction and offence, there is a provision that it might guarantee criminal punishment. According to Fletcher (1998, p. 4), this can be executed in many forms like loss of liberty, fines, government supervision and execution. There might be some acts of crimes that can not be allowed. This can be done if they are not consistent between different criminal codes. In some particular codes they can end up being blurred. To add on these, there are occasions where civil infractions end up giving rise to criminal consequences. Undeniably, criminal law is mostly enforced by the government. Going against this law is an offence and there are clear punishments set for it. This makes the law unique law because it has to be adhered to. In the modern world, every crime that is committed has some criminal elements in it. Cases that prove to be serious might attract capital punishment. Caning and whipping can be used as corporal or physical punishment. Although they can be appropriate in distinct occasions, they are prohibited in other parts of the world. A jurisdiction will te