ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Immigrants play a powerful economic role in the United States, including providing a great agricultural skills base, a flexible market, food production, and excellent innovation diversity. In the US, sustainable agriculture is the most crucial aspect to be considered because of the underlying health crisis that has affected millions of Americans, rural economic challenges, and environmental concerns. Most food processing industries that used to make surplus food for citizens shut down due to the coronavirus pandemic, while many workers died, and others were under severe conditions. The pandemic affected the transport industry, healthcare, and agricultural sector, undermining the US economy. Due to the reduced labor force, industries could not produce the exact amount of food products compared to before the pandemic. Sustainable agriculture includes increasing the agricultural workforce, knowledge-intensive skill base, and improving innovations. Given its importance, the employment of immigrants in the agriculture and food processing sector is a welcoming profession and critical for US sustainability. Immigrants’ labor is vital for America’s growing population because it helps agricultural and food processing industries to produce enough food for citizens. Most immigrants perform agricultural jobs in the US, growing crops, harvesting, transporting, processing, and selling food products to people. Agricultural employers are continuously looking for workers to provide labor in their industries and perform other tasks, such as transporting the harvested goods to warehouses, packing, and storing them in good conditions. The produced goods can also be exported to other countries that need them in exchange for other services essential for the US economy (Richards, 2018). During the coronavirus pandemic, most people were indoors and getting food was difficult, and the immigrants played an influential role in the transportation and delivering food products door to door. Most people in the grocery and farm product wholesales are immigrants and account for the largest agricultural and food processing workers in the United States. Immigrants have provided essential skills and knowledge for the agriculture sector in the United States. Immigrants come with different farming methods, including crop diversity practices and multi-year crop rotation that protects and makes the soil solid and healthy. These methods can protect crops from soil erosion and other harmful practices, including herbicides, adversely affecting soil organisms or natural organic matter input into the soil (Richards, 2018). These methods have enhanced crop productivity in the United States and reduced the utilization of pesticides, fertilizers, and water use. The employment of various farming methods has low
Introduction Little big man is a satirical, comical, and epic film directed by Arthur Penn. The film is an adaptation of the novel, little big man, by Thomas Berger. By focusing on the way of the life of Jack Crabb, the film describes vividly the historical events in the United States especially between the natives and the first settlers. Furthermore, the film concentrates on the social issues like prejudice, injustice, morality, and religion among others, which breakdown communication in communities or among different racial groups. Through a Native American (Indian), young and poor, Jack Crabb struggles to survive in a country defined by racism, oppression, and immorality; therefore, Jack highlights the theme of courage. Jack’s character and the theme of courage Jack is an Indian boy orphaned at an early age; luckily, a Cheyenne family adopts him as their own son. His small physical stature and brave character earn him the name ‘little big man’. Although Jack is physically small, he courageously saves his enemy from the hands of a ruthless Pawnee warrior. Jack is barely eighteen years old, but has the guts to face a trained warrior whom he ultimately defeats. Unluckily, he lands in the hands of the U.S armies but courageously distances himself from being a Native American even though his skin color indicates that he is a native. The determination to renounce his tribe not only earns him his freedom; but also save his life. According to Canby, “Jack’s quite extraordinary fate to be captured by the Cheyennes at the age of ten, raised by them as a brave, rescued by the whites at the age of fifteen” (5), contributed to his character and lifestyle. Therefore, co
Introduction It is of great concern that some employees feel belittled when they see junior officers getting promotions ahead of them because of their superior academic qualifications. Organizations are currently under pressure to come up with environmentally-sensitive policies that can make them remain relevant in the face of stiff market competition. They are forced to hire highly skilled and technologically knowledgeable individuals at the top management positions as a way of promoting the efficiency of the policymaking process. However, this does not seem pleasant to employees who have been loyally serving the organizations for years. They tend to feel betrayed or even despised by the top management. This may affect their morale at work, something that may have a direct impact on their output in their respective places of work. The management faces a serious challenge trying to satisfy the needs of all these employees as they face the pressure of having only the individuals with the best skills and knowledge at the top management level. This research seeks to find ways through which this problem can be addressed in organizations. Scope and Purpose This action research is very important in addressing the current problem that is affecting many organizations in the country today. It is a valid complaint when an employee says that his or her many years of loyal service have not been rewarded through promotion. What loyal employees would expect is a promotion as a way of telling them that the top management appreciates what they are doing for the firm and that they have learned a lot in their practical work. However, these organizations must also be realistic to the fact that superior strategies can only be developed if there are employees who are highly knowledgeable and talented in the relevant fields. Finding a way of harmonizing these two seemingly contradictory issues has proven to be one of the biggest challenges to many employers in the current society. The researcher will collect data and analyze it with the view of finding a solution to this problem. The scope of data collection will be limited to this country because of time and financial constraints. Data Collection and Compilation It was important to determine an effective way of collecting and compiling both primary and secondary sources of data. There were two key methods used to gather information in this research. The first one was through a questionnaire, which was physically delivered to the staff of the institutions that participated in the research. The questionaire sought to capture various attitudes of the staff members about how they feel on the issue of promoting employees on the basis of their academic qualifications other than the period within which they have been with the firm. The second source of information used for the research was
Introduction The focal point of this paper is to describe the manner through which participation in the activities of a Therapeutic Community promotes change and recovery from behavioral health disorders. The therapeutic Community uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which is the term used for intense short-term psychotherapy for a range of problems including substance abuse, anxiety disorder, marital conflict, depression, fears, and personality problems. Using the tools of cognitive assessment, specific distortions are addressed by the therapist who then guides the patient in correcting thinking patterns. Essentially therapy is aimed at getting patients to interpret what they are facing today rather than childhood experiences. CBT makes the patient learn self-help skills, which are practiced in ‘homework’ that helps in changing the way a patient thinks and feels, presently. Treatment is focused on the now and is action-oriented and practical, aimed at gaining confidence in facing real-life issues. Before treatment Under Therapeutic Community, before treatment starts, self-assessment forms filled by the patient help determine what problems the patient is facing now along with the history of treatment/problems. There is mutual agreement on problems to focusing on and the level of symptoms. This way, progress can be tracked across treatment. There is comprehensive information on several issues available through books and other media, which the patient is advised to access. There is a lot of information on anxiety, depression, and other conditions, to keep updated. Periodic reviews to keep the treatment in perspective and to understand the possible need to fulfill small goals for a positive outcome in the context of both physical and mental health. Without feeling overawed, the patient is made to sense his emotions, as they are the starting point for all experience. The process of treatment As part of Therapeutic Community therapy, more skillful clinicians help the patient with an agenda for treatment and self-exposure sessions or homework – but avoid being rigid in recommending any response. The reason is that life happens between sessions –and the cues for response are embedded in the un-simulated situations that real life brings. Clients may fight, experience the ‘high’ of good news like a promotion at work or pregnancy or some unforeseen event for which they have not been prepared in the previous therapy session. Clients can come back to therapy sessions less sure of themselves and it can be a challenge for therapists to interrupt routine therapy sessions and engage clients with a different view on the circumstances and assign them home tasks like breathing sessions and happy experiences, which help in coping with uncertainty and low self-esteem. One example is a middle-aged woman who saw her role as a caregiver to her aging mother becoming unmanageable. She seemed not to comply with her home assignments convinced that she was not going anywhere with her own
Dead Sea Scrolls is one of the most important collections of Jewish texts from the centuries before the rise of Christianity. The Dead Sea Scrolls were not discovered all at once in 1947. In modern times, the earliest scroll materials to be discovered were two partial medieval manuscripts of the Zadokite Fragments , also called the Damascus Document by many scholars. These manuscripts came to the attention of Solomon Schechter in 1896, when he retrieved them from the Cairo genizah , a storehouse for old books and documents in the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Fustat, Old Cairo. Manuscripts of the very same text were later found in the Qumran collection. It is now clear that this document was a central sectarian text. There is a point of view that scrolls were gathered in Qumran by a sect whose members left Jerusalem in the aftermath of the Maccabean revolt. Thesis Historical documents and archeological discoveries allow to say that Dead Sea Scrolls were written and collected by the sect of Essenes leaving near Khirbet Qumran (the Qumran-sectarian theory). When the Hasmonaean rulers adopted the rulings of the Pharisees regarding the conduct of the Temple in about 152 B.C.E., the loyal opposition, a band of pious Sadducees -retreated to the desert, taking up residence at Qumran. Soon after the Qumran scrolls were unearthed, it became the prevailing view that the sect described in the scrolls wa
Introduction The book focuses on the concept of positive discipline and the use of practices in the process of education. Positive discipline is a method developed by Jane Nelsen, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, for parents to teach their children about acceptable behavior at home in a determined and kind manner. At a time when many traditional methods focus on punishment, positive discipline is linked to the internal locus of control. According to Nelsen et al., positive discipline is about instructing, educating, preparing, training, skill-building, and focusing on solutions (p. 1). Among other things, this approach to parenting helps to develop confidence in children. Main body The book is divided into two parts, the first part being “What is Positive Discipline,” which describes the principles of this method of education, theoretical foundations, and fundamental concepts. Among them is the need to understand what is behind the child’s behavior, set clear expectations, and be consistent. Once the parent knows what drives a child’s behavior, they can solve the problem in a much longer-term way. Once the rules are in place, it is vital to implement and consistently follow them, regardless of personal emotional factors and biases. This practice is best for the family in the long run. According to Nelsen et al., “you should control yourself, not your child” (p. 50). The most effective way to teach good behavior is to be a model. There may be strict rules in the family, but at the same time, teaching the child to follow them kindly and generously is only possible if the parent controls his or her emotions. The second part, “Positive Discipline Solutions A-Z,” provides practical solutions to real-world situations with a positive discipline approach. It is essential to understand that sometimes, a child tries to be as good as possible when it is perceived as bad behavior by a parent. It is crucial to find the real causes of such behavior, to eliminate them, and to reassure the child. Among other things, Nelsen et al. believe that positive behavior should not be backed up by material rewards, as this can lead to erroneous associations (p. 26). According to the author, the best reward for a child is the time he spends with his parents. Among the aspects of the book that I like the most, I can
Over the last two decades, media industry has played a huge role in determining how people socialize in our communities. Media can significantly influence how individuals in our societies relate and understand one another (Barker 1999). There is a mismatch between how different genders, particularly women, are portrayed in the media and how they appear in real life. Because of this, the media have been condemned for compromising on the intention of realising gender equality. Similarly, they have been blamed for propagating undesirable gender prejudices. According to women activists, the media misrepresent and portray women as sexual objects. The article below analyses an advert called Are You Beach Body Ready (Hackman 2015). Protein World Inc. produced and publicized the billboard. The poster presents a petite, curvy, blond-haired, and light-skinned female in a bright yellow swimsuit. I have a weight of 59 kg and height of 167cm. I am quite tall, fit, and healthy. I have dark brown hair, athletic body, and ruddy facial appearance. Even though I am physically fit, the advert persuades me to buy protein weight loss to match my body shape with that of the model displayed on Are You Beach Body Ready . Notably, the advert objectifies women. As such, the media content distorts the perception of women in the society by portraying them as sexual objects (Margolin & Martiniello 2015). Similarly, the advert’s portrayal of women depicts a standard of attractiveness, which is impractical and unachievable for many females. The poster suggests the model it portrays has an ideal healthy body weight. The above illustrations send an influential message that a woman should do whatever it takes to attain a model’s body to be perceived attractive by the society (Margolin & Martiniello 2015). If women are constantly exposed to such distorting media, they will increase their chances of suffering from eating complications. According to the producers of the advert, the strategy was used as an efficient means of connecting with the marketplace (Barker 1999). However, it should be noted that the method disadvantages women with average appearance because they will feel less superior to the model portrayed in the media. Considered that posters have the capability to influence and shape peoples’ perceptions, the portrayal of women as sexual commodities will affect the manner in which the society perceives and treats them (Barker 1999). Based on the above illustrations, it is apparent that such advertisements are forcing the community to set impractical prospects of how women should appear and act. Whereas men may accept that women are underprivileged, Peggy McIntosh’s suggests that males are often reluctant to acknowledge that they are over-advantaged (Margolin & Martiniello 2015). She asserts that although men support the initiatives aimed at empowering women, they do not support the concepts of decreasing the privileges enjoyed by men. She believes that
Introduction An accurate diagnosis is essential for the appropriate intervention and management of ill health including mental health. Several factors impede the making of accurate diagnosis of mental health to the detriment of the efficacy of the treatment interventions. Issues that Impact on Accurate Diagnosis of Mental Health There is minimal availability of quantifiable analysis on the assessment of mental disorders. This makes the diagnosis of mental health dependent on the symptoms and the interpretation of whether these symptoms signify any mental disorders. For example, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder is not easy and there are no diagnostic aids in the form of laboratory tests or imaging tests, making the diagnosis solely symptom dependent. However, symptoms of bipolar disorder are found in other physical or mental disorders complicating the issue of accurate diagnosis in bipolar disorder. To avoid confusion international standards have been set for making the diagnoses of mental health, which need to be followed strictly for an accurate diagnosis. These international standards are sometimes ignored in the making of the diagnosis of mental health, leading to inaccurate diagnosis from the perspective of mental health care, and confusion to the patient with different sets of diagnoses for a same set of symptoms. Patients tend to see a general practitioner first, and diagnosis of mental health status can occur at the general practitioner level, before consultation with a mental health specialist. Unless the same standards are used there is every likelihood of the inaccurate and confusing diagnosis emanate from these sources, particularly when the mental disorder demonstrates symptoms that can be confused with other physical or mental disorders like bipolar disorder. Thus complying with international standards is one issue in the accurate diagnosis of Mental Health (Littman, 2001). Substance abuse or dependency can be a confounding factor in the accurate diagnosis of mental health, for it can coexist with mental disorders. The issue here is that the symptoms demonstrated in such cases can cause an inaccurate diagnosis of mental health due to the commonality of some of the symptoms. Common examples of this are major depression along with marijuana addiction and panic disorder with alcohol addiction. This makes it appear that the individual is suffering from any one health issue, while the health problem is essentially dualthe. Furthermore, the management of these health problems requires the attention of two sets of specialists, and the patient may be under the management of a single specialist, which may be a mental health specialist or an addiction recovery specialist. In the case of the mental health specialist the addiction health problem may be missed, while in the case of the addiction recov
Abstract The traditional expatriate package provides benefits such as housing allowance and ensures that employees’ salaries are not reduced when they take international assignments. However, it cannot be sustained due to its high costs. The local international policy reduces costs by reducing the expats’ salaries and benefits. However, the application of the policy is limited due to restrictive laws in host countries. Generally, the employers expect to reduce costs, whereas employees need financial stability when they take international assignments. Thus, employers should strike a balance between reducing costs and enhancing employees’ financial stability. Content of a Traditional Expatriate Package In the traditional expatriate package, expats are paid salaries that enable them to maintain the purchasing power in their home countries in the host country. This implies that the expats’ remuneration is not altered to their disadvantage. This motivates employees to relocate to foreign countries. The package also provides additional benefits such as housing allowance and travelling costs. These benefits are provided to address the relocation challenges that might have negative impacts on expats’ work. The main limitation of the contract is that it is expensive. Thus, it cannot be used by the company to handle its emerging needs concerning transfer of knowledge and gaining international experience among employees. Additionally, the contract does not motivate expats to return to their countries, thereby denying new hires a chance to gain international experience. SWOT Analysis of the Local International Policy The main strength of the policy is that it enables the company to reduce costs by eliminating the expensive benefits associated with the traditional expatriate contract (Dowling et al., 2008). It also promotes equality by ensuring that locals and foreigners are earning the same salary. The main weakness of the policy is that it reduces the salaries of expats. This will lead to dissatisfaction and low morale. Moreover, elimination of most of the benefits after the first year will force expats to concentrate on issues such as their children’s education rather than working for the company. The policy provides an opportunity to localize the expats (Dowling et al., 2008). This is likely to improve the expats’ motivation to work in the host country. The threat to the policy is that employees will be reluctant to take international assignments f