ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Palliative care, also known as comfort care is a significant care given to people with critical illnesses (Lugton & McIntyre, 1). It prolongs their life and relieve from pain affecting them and their intimates. Its goal is to prevent the symptoms and side effects of an illness besides treatment as early as possible. Palliative care is usually given systematically, putting into consideration psychosocial and spiritual needs of the patient and family. Routine for administration of palliative care should be provided by health care professionals. The complexity of the situation usually determines if the condition is to proceed to palliative care. It begins from the time of diagnosis of life endangering illness and will continue until death and family grief period. It involves helping the patient relieve the suffering and making their families understand the conditions for change in patient. The effects of these changes should be made clear to them, and this will assist in the future care. For this succeed, attention is required together with exceptional communication skills. Health professionals should pursue an illness from its early stages of diagnosis to prevent it from advancing. A complex diagnosis proceeds to palliative care (Meie, Isaacs & Hughes, 141). The basic elements of palliative care are pain, and symptom assessment and advanced care planning management. Palliative care specialists should have the necessary competence in handling disagreement cases (Lugton & McIntyre, 3). In some of them, they are supposed to make decisions on whether to agree with the patients’ opinions or their own opinions (Meie, Isaacs & Hughes, 297). In such cases, the decision taken by the specialist depends on his/her competence. The decision starts from the point where a chronic case is to proceed to palliative care. Usually, disagreement occurs between them and patients on whether cases will proceed to palliative care or aggressive treatment. Both parties should be able to reach a consensus, with the decision provided by the patient voluntarily. However, there are some cases where there is disagreement, and in such cases, the physician should balance the expected benefits with the risks of patients’ choice as compared to other alternatives. In most cases, the physician is the decision maker due to patients, failure to make the right decision under that prevailing condition. The decision to be taken by the specialist should depend on the competency of the patient and values at stake (Meie, Isaacs & Hughes, 20
A Brief Profile of the Company My company is a European car manufacturer with 50 years of history. Apart from that, it has more than 20 years of experience in the international market. Consequently, the cultural, ethical, religious diversity of our company is a fact that we have to take into account. Apart from that, we realize that the nature of our product demands an ethically responsible attitude. The fact that poor car safety may lead to their owners’ death encourages us to pay particular attention to the quality of our product. We are especially mindful of our choice of suppliers and other partners as we recognize the importance of proper materials. Apart from that, we encourage innovation, as we believe that the safety, quality, environmental sustainability, and beauty of cars can be continuously improved. Throughout its history, the company has witnessed the changes in the world’s ethical guidelines. After getting acquainted with other countries and cultures, we have realized that ethics has always been a controversial issue. Still, we believe that it is our responsibility to provide our workers with stable and sound guidelines concerning their ethical behavior. Through the analysis of our own experience along with that of our competitors, we have decided to adopt our Code of Ethics. The core values of the company embrace and regulate its relationships with all the stakeholder groups. The Code of Ethics of the Company Ethical Culture at Work The company Code of Ethics is based on moral values, common sense, and corporate social responsibility principles and is compliant with the legislative regulations of the diverse countries in which we operate. The Code includes the necessary guidelines for the employees and must be adhered to on every level. In order to ensure this, training programs for managerial staff have been developed and implemented. The level of commitment to the Code differs from one country to another. In order to assess it, statistics on the relevant incidents are analyzed, and opinion polls are carried out. Every five years, the Code is revised and improved in response to the changing environment in which the company operates. Its core values are presented in the next section. Main Ethical Principles/Values The Code of Ethics includes a number of principles that can be expressed in the following maxims.   * We are responsible.   * We respect the diversity of our company.   * We care about the quality of our product.   * We respect our partners.   * We seek to protect the environment.   * We are honest.   * We seek to learn.   * We seek to develop. The value of responsibility is multidimensional. We seek to recognize our responsibility in relation to every stakeholder group. The employees are of primary importance to our company. We value and
Introduction The greenhouse effect entails conditions that allow short wavelengths from sunlight to be absorbed through transparent media. However, these media cannot permit the passage of long wavelengths that are re-radiated from animated substances. Therefore, high temperatures that occur due to overheating are usually experienced. This arises because the long wavelengths are tapped and thus causing variations in the atmosphere. It is a major issue in the world today since climatic changes cause precipitation and global warming. The accumulations of anthropogenic supporters and induced greenhouse gases encourage temperature variations. However, the greenhouse gases are transparent to the inflowing solar radiations. These gases include CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), O 3 (troposphere ozone), N 2 O (nitrous oxide), CH 4 (methane), CO 2 (carbon dioxide), and water vapor. The gases attract and change the inward radiations to long wavelength. Hence, they cause thermal energy. Besides, some activities carried out by man tend to increase the amount of gases retained in the atmosphere. This causes the greenhouse effect (Emanuel 2320). This study investigates the greenhouse effect. It also looks at the increase in trace-gases concentration, and the global feedbacks of greenhouse. Views on the greenhouse effect A greenhouse is a phrase that scientists originally used in the fiscal 1980s. It was used to explain the purpose of trace-gases that naturally occurred. This hardl
Introduction Polar Sports is one of the successful companies in the United States. In 1992, Richard Weir formed this company because he was motivated to make superior skiwear products. Since 1992, Polar Sports has been growing steadily. Today, it is one of the leading manufacturers of high-end sportswear in the US. This company experienced rapid growth in the late 1990s because it had good marketing and advertisement strategies. For example, it sponsored a number of play-offs. Moreover, it endorsed some gifted athletes who excelled in international competitions. Thus, its products gained high reputation in the market. Hence, it sold many goods in the past few decades. Nonetheless, the prosperity of this company dropped slightly between 2008 and 2009 due to economic decline in the US. In 2001, Thomas Johnson was appointed vice president of this company. Unlike other companies, Polar Sports has been producing most of its products seasonally. Currently, it is experiencing production and marketing challenges. Therefore, this essay examines the production and marketing trends of Polar Sports. It also recommends measures that can be used to overcome these challenges. Situational Assessment of Polar Sport Market Position Polar Sport mainly targets high-end consumers. Thus, it produces unique products that attract high-end consumers. Polar Sport has been able to compete favorably in the market because it is producing high quality products. Nonetheless, some of its products are quite expensive due to high cost of production. Therefore, high prices affect marketability of its products. Moreover, demand for its products has not been constant per annum. Hence, it has been producing most of its products when they are highly demanded. Thus, it can make huge losses if sports events reduce. Moreover, it faces serious competition from its rivals. Thus, it has to monitor market trends regularly to enable it increase its sales volume. Market, Operational, and Financial Analysis Quantity of Sales under Seasonal Production Through seasonal production of goods, the amount of sales grew tremendously from $4.65 million in 2001 to about $ 16.36 million in late 2011. Due to production of high quality products, the sales volume of this company was expected to reach $18 million by 2012. Nonetheless, the success of the new items was dependent on the market forces. Thus, seasonal manufacturing of goods led to significant increase in sales. Operation Costs under Seasonal Production Production activities were labor intensive under seasonal manufacturing of goods because designers had to develop new products regularly to make the company competitive in the market. Polar Sport s
Being a part of two cultures at the same time is both exciting and challenging since, while most elements of the two may be perfectly compatible, others may not mix well. However, continuing the legacy of the people of both Trinidad and Jamaica is an admittedly fascinating challenge. To help others learn more about the two cultures, one may consider focusing on the essential factors that define people’s lives, i.e., leisure and arts. Thus, I would put a soccer ball, a pack of doubles, and a decorated shell in my backpack to help people get in touch with the cultures mentioned above. Although reggae is the first connection that people make in their minds once someone mentions the Jamaican culture, there is also a plethora of other things that make the Jamaican culture unique. For instance, the fascination with soccer, or football, as Jamaicans call it, can be deemed as one of the defining characteristics of the local population. Therefore, a soccer ball is a standalone symbol of Jamaica and its cultural legacy (Dummore, 2015). Apart from being an important part of Jamaicans’ leisure and the local children’s pastime, the sport can be viewed as the bridge between Jamaica and the rest of the world as international competitions are very common and popular in the state. To show that the Jamaican culture offers as much for artistic growth as it does for physical development, one should bring up the fact that decorates shells attract a lot of tourists’ attention. Shell jewelry might seem insignificant and rather silly, yet it reflects the very essence of the Jamaican philosophy rather successfully. With no gold or gemstones in it, the shell jewels set a striking contrast to the down-to-earth culture valuing gold and other precious elements. The shells represent the idea of appreciating beauty for the sake of how it looks rather than how much it costs. Serving as a reminder of the necessity to focus on the spiritual rather than on the expensive, shells are the embodiment of the Jamaican lighthearted philosophy (Oackley, 2015). Speaking of Trinidad and its culture, one must admit that its traditions balance out the active and vibrant lifestyle of Jamaican people, adding the notions of comfort and coziness to it. Considerably more relaxed than the one of Jamaica, the local lifestyle allows focusing on art extensively, and the art of culinary is one of the most essential parts of it. A combination of fried bread and chickpeas is unusual enough to create the impression of an exotic environment. Mango, tomato, garlic, and other additions to doubles might not seem extraordinary to most people, yet the unique combination of the fried bread, the beans, and the topping make the breakfast taste in a very exotic way (“Trinidad and Tobago”, n.d.). A football, a shell decorated in a traditional Jamaican style, and a pack of delicious doubles as the representation of the Jamaican art and the Trinidad cuisine can be used as the props for helping people explore the culture of the identified countries in a fun and exciting way. Even though the specified items d
Executive summary The research aims at investigating the reason behind participation in the service economy, and the challenges that organisations face when in the industry. In the report, it was found that the internet is one of the major reasons. It facilitates mass consumption of one product and thus transforms industries. Additionally, other entities do it in order to outsource their business functions. Their intention is to gain efficiency or benefit from focusing on their core activities. Alternatively, others are engaging in the service economy in order to respond to the changing consumer demands in the production process. It was also found that deregulation, market liberalisation and reforms have affected the retail industry by reducing financial restrictions. It has changed electricity services by allowing entry of specialised providers. Telecommunications have been altered by allowing new entrants thus facilitating lower prices. It was recommended that companies ought to consider the service economy owing to the internet or e-commerce. Introduction The purpose of the report is to determine the main reasons that cause organisations to participate in the service economy and the challenges that they face. The report will begin with the reasons tha
The author demonstrates a fair understanding of the ethical issues associated with assigning authorship to a manuscript or scientific report. The author shows that establishing authorship is through building significant contribution to an article (Handyman 2011). The author also indicates that all authors named in a publication should play a substantial role in all the steps that are mandatory for publication of the work. However, the author does not mention the critical area of fictitious authorship. Fictitious authorship occurs when a non participant takes authorship credit; when articles include forged results or include previously published information (“The imagined author” 2000, p.31). Fraud in scientific authorship is an area worth mentioning. The author ought to discuss this issue and give probable solutions. Subjecting authors to anonymous interviews to determine who did and who did not partake of the research beats logic if the actual work is counterfeit. The author proposes all the problems concerning authorship and possible resolutions as recommendations to the Research Integrity Officer of Melbourne University. The author suggests that the solutions apply to other institutions as well and probably as global paradigms for recognizing authorship. In all these recommendations, the author mentions responsibility, accountability, and transparency as the fundamental themes. The article demonstrates scholarship. The author comprehends the conventions of the scientific world well, hence demonstrating that they read into the subject. The author gives feasible solutions on how to avoid listing non participants as authors through conducting anonymous interviews. The author uses relevant examples to support ideas. For example, the author uses a movie analogy to demonstrate the assigning of authorship to scientific works and gives examples of various types of authors in the paper. The author also uses detailed examples of help given to scientists in coming up with scientific publications (general bench work and writing examples). The author states their own opinions regarding authorship. They state that an author is the main person behind the design, subject, and conception of a paper and that anybody else who adds value to a paper should be listed only as a helper. The author, however, acknowledges that it is rational to recognize these assistants. Adding a helpers’ list stating the names of all those individuals who contribute to the research project on the first page of the publication helps achieve recognition of the helpers. This article is of good quality. The article is well written. The introduction and conclusion are succinct. There is a smooth transition of ideas from one paragraph to the next. The author uses straightforward lingo that is easy to comprehend. Ther
It seems that drugs have always been rather a serious problem in this country, and hardly will it ever be eliminated. However, drugs have never been such an acute problem as it used to be in the 1980s during the crack epidemic. How did the epidemic begin? Who stands behind it? How did it finish? And how did it affect our nation? Experts have different opinions about that. In this essay, I also want to share my ideas and views on the truth of the crack epidemic. According to one of the most reputable journalists, Gary Webb, who investigated this problem, U.S. government has a direct connection to the epidemic, and CIA knew about all major affairs of the biggest American drug dealers such as “Freeway” Ricky Ross. The crack epidemic was so huge in its scope that it even affected the American culture, particularly music. I want to start with what I think about drugs. Definitely, it is an extremely serious problem, and I am glad that it is less acute nowadays than it was in the 1980s. However, I do not think that this phenomenon will ever be eradicated. I also wonder why other forms of drugs such as alcohol and cigarettes are not prohibited. Are they considered to be less dangerous or harmful? Or, are they not considered to be drugs? Why not? People also get addicted to them and, probably, want to try something stronger like cocaine or crack. Thus, I am certainly against drugs, they can ruin one’s life, but we should admit that they are supported by other forms of drugs. Besides, it seems like the approach of the American government to the problem is not effective. The War on Drugs turned out to be a failing campaign. At least, in the 1980s when the crack epidemic spread almost all over the country, and what is more shocking, government officials are believed to have been supporting the epidemic. This is what the journalist Gary Webb talks about in his Dark Alliance series. In a few words, he says that the biggest American drug dealers like Ricky Ross bought Nicaraguan cocaine, which was one of the causes of the crack epidemic. Profits from those sales were addressed to the Contra movement, which was supported by the CIA. This is what Webb wrote in his book, “My mind was racing. Blandon, the Contra fund-raiser, had sold cocaine to the biggest crack dealer in South Central L.A.? That was too much” (18). Yes, it was too much, but it seems like Webb tells the truth. One of the most notorious dealers collaborated wit
Introduction Human development is a complex process in which childhood environment and interactions largely determine the overall life of a person. The way a child grows and develops is impacted by his or her family, social ties, and changes over time. This paper aims to analyze “The Glass Castle,” a book by Jeannette Walls, where she presents her own escape from the family and poverty to build a new life. The systems / ecological theory is used as the framework for the analysis of the key problems and suggesting possible assistance actions from social work practice. Systems / Ecological Theory Bronfenbrenner, the author of the systems / ecological theory, claims that the environment of children’s development comprises four systems that are typically showed in the form of concentric rings (Figure 1). Namely, there is microsystem (family of a child), mesosystem (kindergarten, school, neighborhood), exosystem (adult social institutions), and macrosystem (cultural customs, resources, and values) (Espelage, 2014). While this theory may seem to be simple and self-evident, Bronfenbrenner emphasizes flexibility and interconnectedness between these four systems. For example, a flexible schedule at the company where the child’s mother works allow the woman to pay more attention to upbringing and indirectly affects the development of the child. At the same time, the opportunity for a mother to freely manage her time usually contributes to her peace of mind and indirectly affects the increase in female labor productivity. In the theory of ecological systems, children are both products and creators of the environment. The situations in life can be both imposed on the child and turn out to be the result of his or her activity (Espelage, D2014). When children get older, they change their environment and rethink the experience. However, interdependencies continue to work since how children live, act, and think depends not only on their personal traits but also on how they were brought up and what they managed to absorb from their surroundings. Bronfenbrenner notes that ecological systems are mobile and change over time, which is the largest layer of the chronosystem (Lau & Ng, 2014). For instance, the birth of a younger brother or sister, the beginning of school, or the divorce of parents would change the relationship between the child and his or her environment. Figure 1. The schematic presentation of the systems / ecological theory. Case Overview Jeanette Walls is the protagonist of the story that is written about her own life, beginning with childhood and ending with her current period. The book presents memoirs of a young girl who was born in a family with a low income. The father (Rex Walls) is a chronic alcoholic without a job, and the mother (Ros
Empire series is an American musical drama television show aired on Fox. The first episode of the first season introduces a gay fictional character Jamal Lyon, played by Jussie Smollett, who is the son of Lucious Lyon, and Cookie Lyon. He is also brother to Andre and Hakeem, who work at Empire Entertainment. As the episode rolls, Jamal is heard singing “good enough” which provides the viewer with insights into his childhood upbringing. The events in childhood greatly influence the adult’s life, shaping the personality (Guntrip, 2018). Thus, childhood has impacted his behavior and shaped his character traits. One of the pieces of evidence became his fear of coming out in public. Jamal is afraid of his mother’s reaction if she sees Michael, his boyfriend, so he tells him to hide. When his mother tells him that she always wanted him to sell out stadiums, he says that he only wants to play, showing his self-esteem issues. The humanistic theory views the need for fulfillment and self-growth as a key motivator of all behavior. (Schneider et al., n.d.). Jamal is also depicted as a character who is continually looking for new ways to grow; however, he is heard lamenting not being good enough due to the disapproval of his father as he says that he would just want his father to look beyond his sexual orientation and see that he can be good enough. Humanistic psychology also emphasizes looking at the whole person and individual uniqueness (Schneider et al., n.d.). Cookie Lyon shows Jamal love and support and even goes ahead to blackmail Lucious to give her the right to represent and nurture Jamal’s music.