ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The world today is a global village since the economic policies applied on one end of the world have an impact on other economies on the other end. The economic conditions have also become so dynamic that the policy makers are finding it hard to determine the appropriate policy measures (Conrad, 2009). There has been recession within the last ten to fifteen years that have adversely affected many economies. However, those economies that had the appropriate policies in place experienced a small impact only. Australian economy has had mixed results in the last10 to years, which can be shown by examining its macro economic policies and macroeconomic indicators (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, n.d). The experience of the Australian economy over the last 10-15 years The four main macro-economic indicators in any given economy are unemployment rate, gross domestic product, inflation rate and the level of interest rates. Microeconomic policies are mainly used for several purposes such as to attain stable prices, full employment and register economic growth among other reasons. The Australian economy has been varying for the last 10-15 years due to economic changes within the country or in the global economy. The macroeconomic indicators as explained below can show this. Trends in Australian economic growth Economic growth refers to the rate at which the national income of a given economy is growing, whereby national income refers to gross domestic product (Adelman, 1961). The graph below shows that the Australia gross domestic product has been experiencing an increasing trend. Between 1998 and 2001, the GDP was stable. However, in 2002, there was a decrease in growth, which was followed by an increasing growth up to 2008. There was a slight drop in 2010. According to ABS, Australia has had an average GDP of $22.44 billion from 1965 to 2010. In 2008, the GDP reached its record high of $1015.22 billion. In the same period of 2008-2009, the global economy was experiencing recession in which many economies were hard hit. This is a clear indicator of how stable the Australian economy has become, because during that recession most countries experienced a negative economic growth. Source: (Trading Economics, n.d) Australian Unemployment Rate Trend The Unemployed refers to those people who are jobles
Emotions are intertwined with our physical experiences and correlate with conscious responses to situations. Human beings tend to focus on positive emotions and disregard destructive ones. In the digital age, when personal interaction occurs online, it is becoming harder to express and communicate feelings. This paper dwells on the purpose and importance of emotional expression as well as the role of the brain in this process. It also considers the ways people construct their reactions in a social context. In everyday life, an individual is not able to track all the emotional responses he or she produces. The brain relies on past experiences to create a hypothesis or a simulation to define meanings in outside signals. It has been scientifically proved that sensory inputs coming from hearing, seeing, or taste are simulations but not conscious reactions (Feldman Barrett, p. 27). Physical receptions of the body ignited by these sensory inputs help interpret any given situation and respond emotionally. Furthermore, emotional responses or expressions serve as tools that inform others about one’s feelings. These behavioral replies stimulate individuals to communicate through verbal and non-verbal cues (Eglantine). Facial looks and body language are exchanged in the process of interaction to make it faster and smoother. Although it is possible to control and even suppress emotions, health outcomes can be detrimental. Therefore, they are vital for regulating inner feelings and psycho-emotional state of mind. When the human brain processes and interprets emotions, it activates various zones. For example, the feeling of happiness triggers the right frontal cortex and the precuneus (Moawad). Fear involves the frontal cortex and the hypothalamus, which is linked to the survival instinct (Moawad). To conclude, emotions convey meanings that explain changes in feelings and sensations. As a result, human beings act in any given situation by using past experiences and predictions. Works Cited  1. Eglantine, Julle-Daniere. “ Communicating Emotions .” Psychology Today, 2019. Web.  2. Feldman Barrett, Lisa. How Emotions are made. The Secret Life of the Brain. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017.  3. Moawad, Heidi. “ How the Brain Processes Emotions .” Neurology Times, 2017. Web.
I can’t compare you to a summertime, You study lots, and even for a rhyme I wouldn’t lie that things are otherwise. But let me be here funny and unwise. As roses, we all know, are mostly red I wouldn’t gift them. Violets instead Are blue. You like blue things, I think? I had a list with all blue things in it. I wrote down ocean, Stitch, and sky at night, Blueberries, ink, my shirt, and kryptonite… No, wait. It’s green. But makes me think of you Just as the things I mentioned that are blue Let’s go and dance on empty evening beach That our assignments probably can’t reach. We will buy ice cream, try to eat it fast Before it melts and gets all over us. If it’s to sunny, you can have my hat That I of course did not bring in for that And then we can go swimming in the sea So that this way you possibly can’t see That I sometimes behave just like a fool Attempting to impress you. Like a jewel, You look all graceful, elegant and rare And when you laugh the music feels the air Oh, let me stare into your shiny eyes And buy you coffee of a venti size. Your smile does not remind me of the sun As looking doesn’t hurt, and anyone Could smile, but nobody quite like you. Which I insist, is an amazing view. And to conclude this little exercise I say that nothing can be bigger prize Then laughter over things that I just said And now show you before I feel regret
For a long time now, man has invented and modified various things using technology. This technology ranges from technical, physical, to biological technology. Biotechnology is therefore a discipline that encompasses several other disciplines such as biology, mathematics, engineering, chemistry, and physics just to mention a few (Shmaefsky, 2006, p.57). A biotechnology laboratory will not be new to a person who has worked in any other scientific laboratory given their similarity (Shmaefsky, 2006, p.57). As such, in biotechnology scientific instruments from other disciplines of science are borrowed and integrated to come up with new products. For instance, biotechnology is the reason behind new varieties of crops such as transgenic cotton, potatoes, and different tomato breeds as well as new breed animals such as the dolly sheep and many others. It is therefore agreeable that in biotechnology new products are made and the existing products modified to be of better value. Biotechnology therefore has wide application in the fields of agriculture, environment, industry, and medicine just to mention a few. This paper seeks to examine the importance of biotechnology in genetic modification. Biotechnology is of novel importance in the field of genetic modification of food. Genetic modification of food entails the alteration of different crops and animals through gene transfer and engineering as a way of improving food productivity. Given the low supply of food and the increasing global population there have been an increased demand for food. Therefore, to meet the increasing food demand, biotechnologists looked for ways through which the production and supply of food could be increased using the existin
Employee appraisal is an important part of any organization and calls upon the management to clearly tailor defined rating methods to appropriately rate their employees based on their performance and other requirements for fairness. A review of the company’s rating criteria reveals that it has fallen short of a reliable employee appraisal method with specific points of concern particularly in appraising the new engineer .These points of concern are uniquely characterized by the rating scale used in the evaluation process. The first point of concern includes the engineer’s clashing personality and relationship with fellow employees. That is particularly evident from the frequent manner in which the engineer and fellow workmates clash and the manner in which other employees play practical jokes with the engineer. This is summed up in the personality of the engineer. In addition to that, the engineer seems standoff with fellow employees deserving a medium rating. The second point of concern is neatness. As a characteristic with engineering jobs, the engineer’s table is always cluttered with a pile of memos a pile of papers qualifying the engineer for a low –medium rating. The third point of concern is the attitude. The engineer seems to have a positive attitude towards work and completes tasks on time, but has a poor attitude towards co-workers. So the manager is in a dilemma on how to rate the engineer given the fact that since the engineer first reported in the new station there were drastic improvements in the manufacturing company. For the first time, there were improvements where the cost of production went down and a significant removal; of safety hazards not previously attended to. Elements to be evaluated in an appraisal form based on the 360 degrees evaluation approach include the engineer’s individual skills. Based on the case study, the engineer has excellent skills which are evident from the benefits the company has experienced in the short time the engineer has been in the new station. The engineer is certainly proficient in executing assigned tasks within the company. Another element to be evaluated is the engineers’ knowledge and the extent to which the engineer show familiarity with the tasks and working environment. The final element to be evaluated in the behavior of the engineer and not the personality traits that have been erroneously used in the evaluation criteria. Behavioral patterns that relate to the environment are critical factors to be evaluated as such (Employee Appraisal, 2005). A number of advantages are experienced when using the same evaluation criteria for all employees. These include the use of a bipolar approach which is most times structured besides being of a similar standard. Each employee i
Introduction The Criminal Justice system in the United States consists of three major parts namely the police, the corrections, and the courts, all of which tend to have their historical roots and influences from English Law and custom (Baron, 2004). The system where those who break the law are detained as well as punished is considered to be one of the pillars of the US democracy (Parker, 2008). However, the Criminal Justice system has recently been challenged as to whether or not it is viable, especially when it gets down to equal treatment and justice for all; irrespective of race or color. For any system to be seen as viable, the public must have the confidence that at every phase of the process, those in similar circumstances are treated equally as per the Constitution’s guarantees of equal treatment under the law (Eamon, 2001). The question that so far needs to be considered is, “ Is the US Criminal Justice system based on unequal treatment for unequal and equal treatment for equals? ” To support this statement, this research paper intends to focus on the Social Disorganization Theory by Shaw and McKay. Discussion A brief explanation of Unequal Treatment for Unequal and Equal Treatment for Equals According to Aristotle, the most important principle of justice is that of equals being treated equally and unequals unequally (Neubauer & Fradella, 2013). This means that people should be treated the same except in instances where they tend to differ in ways considered to be relevant to the situation in which they are involved (Cantillon, Davidson & Schweitzer, 2003). For instance, if Mark and Sharon both perform the same work and there are no relevant distinctions between them or the work they are doing, justice dictates that they should earn the same wages. However, in the case where Mark is paid more than Sharon for the simple fact that he is a man or he happens to be Caucasian, then a form of discrimination can be observed since sex and race are not relevant to normal work settings (Roman, 2004). In the past and according to the US Constitution, equality was not equated with justice; today, however, justice has grown to be equated with equality. Therefore, by looking at the brief explanation provided before, I would say that the US Criminal Justice is indeed based on unequal treatment for unequal and equal treatment for equals. Many individuals would tend to disagree with the fact that today’s Criminal Justice system is actually fair given the numerous cases that have been brought forth regarding racial disparity (Parker, 2008). Such people argue that unequal treatment particularly of minority groups can be seen at every stage of the criminal justice process where these individuals are victimized by unfair targeting, as well as unfair treatment by the law enforcers. Upon being arrested, African Americans and Hispanics experience discriminatory sentencing practices and plea bargaining decisions are made through racial biases (Schmalleger & Petersilia, 2001). It is, therefore, not a wonder that the people of color are rather outraged by the fact that innocent minority individuals are constantly being detained b
Introduction Language plays an important role in the development of an individual. Language is not merely for communication but also an essential means to convey and understand any information. Speaking, reading, listening and writing are well associated with each other in any language. There are some basic principles that has to be followed to understand a language well. Learning the tempo and structure of a language in early childhood will help the child in mastering the various aspects of the language, that may even put a strong base in future development of the child. Phonemic awareness Phonemic awareness is to help English learners to hear, recognize and understand sounds of English and extract the meaning of it.   * Lesson plan Title – Teaching phenomic segmentation   * Aim – Learning to count the sounds in a word Activities:  1. Rubber band stretch: The teacher models with a large rubber band how to stretch out a word as the word is said for example the word man as man. Teacher then models with the stretched out band how to bring rubber band back to original length and say the word fast as /man/.The children will pretend to stretch rubber bands as they say the sounds in different words.  2. Strechy names: Children and teacher clap and say a verse for each child in class. Then as they together say a name slowly the palms will be stretch far apart as the word is stretched and then clap once quickly as the name is said fast  3. Sound boxes:The teacher can show students how to make sound boxes on their papers or lap boards and then learn to say a word stretching it out and then slide a marker into each box as they hear each sound  4. A song to teach phonemic segmentation: The teacher should ask the students to listen to the words she says and ask the students to tell her all the sounds that they heard. This can be done individually for each student.” (Teaching phonemic segmentation, n.d, para.1). The Phonics Play Phonics is related to a method of teaching English learners the way to read and write English. Phonics describes how to link spoken English sounds with letters or even group of letters. It brings a relation between a letter and its sound. “Lesson plan title- The reading of /o/ in words, sentences, a paragraph and story Aim-To help children to decode words containing the letter “o” when it is followed by consonant and silent. Activity:  1. Given a list of words containing vowel sounds and four set of phonograms depicting the /0/, the pupil will auditorily, discriminate /o/ in the initial and medial positions of the paired words by saying a key word and telling whether the beginning and medial sounds in the words sound the same or different for four out of four sets.  2. Four sets of phonograms will be given depicting the /o/ ,the visual discrimination of children will be employed to the letters o consonant e pattern in the lists of words by underlining the letters which are same in all the words.  3. The children will use tactile and kinesthetic senses to discriminate the letters in the o consonant e pattern by tracing and copying the phonogram correctly in four words from a given set of words.  4. The children will be given t
HSBC faced with a problem of overcoming growth of mortgages within subprime borrowers. As a result, the demands of customers were higher than the stock of money at the disposal of HSBC. Moreover, the bank confronted with problems in operational systems in terms of defining type of loans and payments which were done previously by its clients and subprime borrowers, in particular. The number of mortgage loans shifted all predictions during 2005-2006. Customers received approval by means of exaggerated information about own incomes. Senior management team was responsible for the problem and the department of HSBC responsible for mortgage market as well. Also the department of risk management was responsible for trouble. The management of HSBC did not correctly identify the course of actions due to the “housing boom” and the fact that competitors could possibly seize this sphere of economic relationships. Moreover, the company referred to wholesalers. HSBC still runs into trouble due to the mortgages originated in 2005-2006 and the risk for borrowers with ARM to lose their houses due to foreclosures which now count 20 percent (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). Moreover, for ARM borrowers “in some cases, the adjustment can increase a monthly payment by $500” (Laudon & Laudon, 2009, p. 477). The right solution primordially should have touched upon the information about customers as of the income rates. Another prospect should have considered the initial decrease of mortgage percentage for subprime borrowers. The right solution to come up to the issue with mortgage market rationally was not taken into account due to the rush for profits. HSBC for the solution of the problem “doubled the number of customer representatives who call on borrowers who have missed payments and discuss payment plans that are more manageable”(Laudon & Laudon, 2009, p. 477). Moreover, the company implemented new analytical software, in order to “deploy scoring models and portfolio segmentation” (Laudon & Laudon, 2009, p. 477). These innovations will possibly help to turn around the huge number of subprime borrowers, but there is no guarantee that it will be soon. That is why during this period of time subprime borrowers can change personal information or can simply move to other locations. Additional factors for which HSBC did not account are the decrease of prices for real estate due to the crisis. The real price of houses has become approximately twice as little. The consequences of HSBC changing its approach to subprime lending will touch upon the interests of customers to choose where to go for mortgage. It will result the leakage in customers base of the bank. Thus, AMR will not be desired.
Introduction Over the recent past, the prevailing socio-economic trends in Australia have resulted in a reversal of the long-term trend towards suburbanisation. There is new housing and retailing and many other important developments in the inner parts of city areas with a rapid growth of the area beyond the city fridge. These changes can be attributed to the social as well as the economic factors. Australia is one of the countries in the world where the majority of the people live in the urban areas (Britannica 2011: par 2). This proportion has been increasing while the proportion of the population living in the rural areas has been decreasing. Discussion As already noted, there is a significant change in the suburbanisation in Australia. There are several factors which have led to changes in this pattern. One of the main causes of these changes is economic restructuring which has been taking place over the recent past (Randolph and Holloway 2004: 3). These changes have had a lot of impact on the Australian cities. Over the recent past, most of the cities in Australia have experienced a high rate of maturity from immigration and natural growth pressure. This has significantly contributed to the changes in the previous trend in suburbanization. The changes in employment structure have also played a pivotal role in changes in these trends. Currently, employment is more dispersed unlike in earlier times when it was concentrated in the city centres. According to Randolph and Holloway (2004), bifurcating of skills and rewards base has significantly changed the nature of the developments in the city (3). Through technological developments, skills have significantly changed from the past. The changes in the government policies have also contributed to the change in the suburbanisation trends. Over the past, the government education, labour market and health welfare encouraged social polarization (Randolph and Holloway 2004: 4). The wealthier suburbs attracted more welfare benefits and other benefits than the poorer suburbs. However, these policies have significantly changed. The government has encouraged the availability of these welfare services and benefits to all the people. This has attracted settlement in areas far away from the city because these services are now accessible to these areas. For instance, most of the social amenities are now available to all other people despite of where they are located. The communication networks in Australia have developed to a greater extent. In most cases, people tend to locate in places which are near to their working place. Therefore, many people tended to locate in the areas around the city so that they can