ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The aging population is a source of increasing medical and economic distress in all developed countries, such as the US, European Union, and Japan. One of the issues most associated with aging is the reduced capacity for mental capability and the development of age-related mental illnesses, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, finding ways of reducing the effects of aging on the human brain is of paramount importance. According to Brown, Peiffer, and Martins (2013), one of the primary and most readily available means of countering neurodegenerative processes of the brain is physical exercise. The research shows that the introduction of aerobic exercises and strength-improving routines reduces the chances of developing Alzheimer’s disease while countering the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle on the muscular-skeletal structure. Another way of reducing the effects of aging on the brain revolves around improving a person’s sleeping patterns. Westerberg et al. (2015) investigated the capabilities of slow-wave brain activity as a means of improving memory and other brain-related functions in older adults suffering from Alzheimer’s, dementia, and other neurodegenerative diseases. According to the report, slow-oscillatory stimulation resulted in higher word-pair recall and improved levels of brain activity. The last research synthesized in this paper involves the use of intranasal insulin as a means of improving age-related cognitive deficits. According to Maimaiti et al. (2015), peripheral insulin resistance is a defining factor in preventing numerous diseases associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. However, recent discoveries indicate that insulin also plays an important role in reducing the effect of Alzheimer’s disease, among others. The research reports that low levels of intranasal insulin improve cognition and reduces the amount of hippocampal afterhyperpolarization (AHP), which is associated with the aging of the brain and the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Comparison Contemporary feminist theories and discourses are all anchored in the body. From views about gendered bodies, female sexual objectification, and motherhood to sexualized ideals on feminine beauty and dress, theorists have remolded modern thinking about women. The prolific feminist writers whose ideas and positions on the body will be compared are Susan Bordo, Shaw and Lee, and Shildrick and Price. Contributions to Social Theories of the Body Bordo highlights that social prejudices, control, and misconceptions are the basis for female subjugation. She theorizes that the gender duality is fundamental to oppressive norms and gendered bodies. She refers to twentieth-century folklore that viewed the body “as an animal, an appetite, a deceiver, and a prison of the soul” to illustrate the images ingrained in the Western collective psyche (Bordo 3). With references to Foucault, she shows how the female body became a subject of social control through socio-cultural norms. Shaw and Lee appear to echo Bordo’s sentiments on systemic oppression by positing that what we perceive as feminine and masculine inscribes gender onto the body (181). The two writings attribute oppressive norms to historical power paradigms. Bordo regards the Victorian lifestyle with its localized pathologies, such as hysteria anorexia, and reproduction as means of maintaining feminine oppression (142). In contrast, Shaw and Lee opine that men would give power justifications if they were to menstruate (209). In their review di
Sexuality is still one of the most controversial areas in the western world. There are many rules, conventions and prejudices which divide people into two major camps: those who think sex is nothing more than a basic need which should be satisfied and those who think it is something sinful. Many think that sexuality is not even an important issue to consider while others understand the importance of finding answers to certain questions (Rubin 143). As far as I am concerned, I have not spent much time thinking about my own sexuality. I have not paid much attention to the issue as I thought it was quite insignificant. In fact, this is the very first time I am considering the issue with such a precision and I find it very important and beneficial for me. I think sexuality is a very important part of people’s life and it influences people’s behavior. I feel I need to understand what sexuality is in my life. I need to know what role it plays in my life. I want to understand what I should expect in my future. Of course, it is necessary to answer certain questions to understand what role sexuality plays in my life. These questions are as follows:   * How was affection expressed in my family? Does this affect me now?   * How did I learn about sexuality? How did I feel about it then? Today?   * How was nudity treated in my family?   * How have my sexual relationship experiences affected me?   * Do I think I understand my sexual self as well as I would like? Interestingly, many people argue that Freud was an insane as he paid too much attention to childhood experiences. Nonetheless, when it comes to sexuality, parents’ behavior plays a very important role in sexual development of an individual. Thus, somehow I do not remember how exactly affection was expressed in my family when I was a child. I do not remember that my parents hugged me very often. I cannot recollect the times when parents kissed me. I think this is the reason I do not like kissing and embracing other people. The only people I like kissing and hugging are my two sons and my husband. In fact, I noticed that I can hug and kiss children (my sons, my niece or even completely unknown kids) and the man I have sexual relationship with. At this point, it is important to note that children should be placed in a very special place as my eagerness to kiss and hug them is nothing more than a maternal instinct. It does not mean I do not kiss or
U.S. former Vice President Al Gore is a prominent figure in recent American politics and an accredited spokesperson within the current climate change debate. His governmental involvement spanned from the 1970s to 2000, when he was the Democratic candidate for President. Over his career, Gore supported many Democratic battles for human rights, while his recent engagement in promoting environmental issues has spread awareness about climate worldwide. This essay’s primary focus is on Gore’s commitment to protecting the environment, highlighting his unrivaled skill of conveying clear messages and inspiring people. The paper begins by offering Al Gore’s profile as a politician, even underlining some controversial aspects of his career that tarnish his image. However, Al Gore remains a champion of the struggle for human rights and the environment. Gore started his political career in 1976, elected for the Democratic party at the U.S. House of Representatives. For the following twenty-four years, he was a leading politician in both Houses of Congress. Gore held several vital roles, including President of the Senate, member of the National Security Council, and Vice President during Bill Clinton’s terms in 1992 and 1996. In the 2000 presidential election, Al Gore ran for the Democratic party and was eventually defeated by George W. Bush. Over his career, Gore supported the most crucial democratic campaigns for human rights, including the right to an abortion and strict limitations on guns. However, Gore’s stance in favor of the death penalty and his vote for military intervention against Iraq during the Gulf War cast a shadow over his image of a human rights paladin. After losing the 2000 Presidential Election for a few electoral college votes, Al Gore devoted his energy to warning humanity against global warming risks and other environmental issues. Gore’s concern about the climate crisis was not new: he had published Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit already in 1992, before being appointed as Vice President during Bill Clinton’s term. The book offered a global perspective on various issues affecting the planet, including biodiversity conservation, global warming, the ozone layer, water degradation, and waste disposal (Phung and Valdez 82). Free from political commitments, Gore toured and held lessons to raise awareness about the risks the global environment changes pose to humanity. In 2006 Gore released a book, An Inconvenient Truth , in conjunction with
Introduction This report is a study of different types of organizations operating in an international business environment. It will be conducted as a compare-and-contrast analysis of three companies conducting operations in the smartphone market. They are Apple and its competitors – China-based Hisense and Pakistani QMobile. The rationale for choosing these rivals is the fact that they differ in type. Apple is a public-private corporation; Hisense is a public corporation, and QMobile is a private corporation. It is critical to note that even though Hisense is as well a public organization, it is state-owned, i.e., the state is the only owner of the company and all liabilities are laid on the government. Moreover, the motivation for selecting them is the current challenge of being outperformed in the region faced by Apple. Because Apple’s smartphones are easily replaceable and imitable, it is crucial to pay specific attention to all potential competitors, even if they are smaller and the scope of their operations is national or regional. Overview of Different Types of Organizations There are different types of organizations based on ownership and purposes for being established. The first type is referred to as public organizations. They are also known as governmental entities. The rationale for setting them up is the protection of local communities, contributing to their development and welfare, as well as satisfying their fundamental needs. Some examples of public organizations are hospitals, fire departments, public universities, state-owned businesses, etc. Private organizations are the second type. They are non-governmental, i.e., are owned and ruled by private individuals or a group of people, stakeholders, families, etc. This kind of organization is made up of all businesses and entities that aim both at gaining profits and helping people in need. Finally, there are non-profit organizations. They are also known as voluntary organizations because their primary objective is to benefit a community without turning profit-making into the central strategic objective of their operations. Instead, they are task-oriented and aim at eradicating some critical problems that have a detrimental influence on human life and health (Rogers 2016). Some appropriate examples are the Red Cross, the International Organization for Standardization, Oxfam, Greenpeace, etc. It is essential to note that some organizations are a hybrid type. It means that they incorporate features of all types of organizations mentioned above. For instance, they might combine business purposes with addressing social needs or create public-private partnerships (Billis 2010). Moreover, there is a distinction based on the legal structure of the business. That said, there are sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability companies, and corporations. A sole proprietorship is an organization managed by one person. Sometimes, it has no employees and all o
Introduction Feeding is a basic necessity for the survival of every human being. A person should eat a diet that is capable of sustaining all the body activities. The various types of foods available usually include carbohydrates, fibre, protein, fat, vitamin and minerals. These food types have various uses in the body and the deficiency or excess of any could lead to illness, complications or even death. Thus, people should take a diet that is good for their health. The health of a person is very important as it usually determines how productive a person will be. People usually prepare foods or sometimes buy them in restaurants and fast food shops. The foods provided should be of the required standard to avoid some effects. This paper seeks to analyze the movie “super size me” which is about fast foods and gives advice to parents on fast foods. Fast Foods The movie analyses the effect of taking fast foods has had on the society. When Morgan was young, most of the food he ate was prepared at home by his mother. Over the years the number of people of people taking fast foods has been increasing year in year out. The fast food shops are scattered all over the world and are found even in institutions such as hospitals where they are least expected. In America more than half the children and adolescent population is suffering from obese or overweight due to these foods. In America obesity and smoking are among the leading causes of preventable deaths. Due to the increased number of obese people in America, the companies involved were sued. Despite these, many people have continuously been buying fast foods. The food sold in fast food shops are not of the required standard and thus they have led to negative health impacts on the victims. There is a problem in people do not understand the boundaries between individual responsibility and corporate responsibility. The movie was intended to check the effects of taking these fast foods on the health conditions of a person. In undertaking his experiment on the effects of fast foods on human health, Morgan visited three doctors to examine his health status. These doctors undertook in-depth analysis of his health status and also on hereditary diseases that he could be suffering from. They considered aspects such as cholesterol level, eyesight and digestive system among others. After the in-depth analysis, his health status was found to be good. He was given more information about the effects of cholesterol levels in relation to other diseases such as heart disease. A nutritionist/dietician was also incorporated in the undertaking of the experiment and she was to monitor the progress. All the records about his weight and body mass were kept and he was tested for his physical fitness. He was given advice on the physical exercise which was walking he was to undertake daily. On the first day he went to the fast food shop where he had his breakfast after which he undertook a physical exercise
Introduction Every company is faced with some sort of crises from time to time. How a company decides to respond to these crises determines whether it will collapse or it will succeed. This is called crises management. There are some emergency situations that occur in a company that needs urgent measures to ensure that they do not affect the company negatively. In today’s business environment, crisis is almost inevitable and will occur from time to time. However, this does not mean that business have to collapse when faced by a crisis because with an effective communication plan, a company can be able to overcome any crisis. The management of a major corporate crisis requires a well structured process. This involves prevention, planning, evaluation, and mitigating the crisis as well as minimizing its consequences. The method that a company adopts in managing a crisis determines the outcome of the affected individuals. A crisis can occur naturally or can be caused by negligence of the personnel or any other stakeholder. Effects of a crisis include but not limited to injuries, disabilities, death, destruction to property, and threats to a company reputation or its future performance. This paper looks at the meaning of corporate crisis management, and effective communication as a critical strategy in managing crisis. It also gives in-depth analysis of the strategies adopted by Johnson and Johnson to deal with a crisis that occurred to itsTylenol product in 1982. Corporate Crisis Management Corporate crisis management can be defined as the process through which a company deals with emergencies by using effective communication strategies or channels. This involves the incorporation of both the internal and external parties involved and the steps taken to address the issue. Crisis management is part of every day life. It is normal that a company will have to respond to an emergency at some time (Nelson 1). An emergency can range from a mistake done by one of its stake holders, a personnel related problem, or a volition of one of the rules. If these problems are not addressed properly, they can negatively affect the reputation of a company which results in lack of consumer loyalty. Consumer confidence is related to a company’s social responsibility. If a company does not address the issues affecting customers, then its reputation is at stake. For instance, if two or more consumers complain about the quality of a company’s products, and the company does nothing to address the issue, then its reputation is threatened. Every organization has a social responsibility not only to its personnel but the entire public. Effective Communication Effective communication is composed of two major aspects: transparency and timeliness (Nels
Introduction One of the biggest concerns of the contemporary British society is the issue society breakdown. This matter has attained the attention of not just sociologists and anthropologists but the general public as well. Many factors have been attributed to this social problem. Different theories have been fronted to explain the origin, causes and effects of this challenge. As they say numbers do not lie. According to statistics, the probability of kids in the Great Britain not been raised by both parents is the greatest in the region, except of Belgium, Latvia and Estonia. As we speak only less than two thirds of children under the age of 14 are living in the same household with their biological parents. This research was carried out by Organization for Economic Development and Co-operation (OEDC). The figures indicates that 68.9 per cent of kids under 14 live with both natural parents in United Kingdom while 70.7 of the same age bracket live with both parents in the United States, and 79.5 in France. These statistics form the basis of our critical discussion. In this paper we examine and explain the importance of nuclear family and its functions in British society. The paper goes ahead to elucidate whether the decline of nuclear family contributes to the wider British social breakdown. Contrast and exploration of the nature and functions of the nuclear family with other family types or structures Comparatively nuclear family demonstrates a couple of similarities and contrasts with other family structures. A brief description of nuclear family is that it be defined as a family that is composed of two sets of family members, parents and children, living together in the same home. Interaction within family is usually unlimited and usually very personal. This can be depicted by the close conduct experienced from time to time such as sharing household utilities and facilities. Family members in a nuclear family are generally freer with each other and forms closer ties as compared to other types of family structure. The core function of nuclear is basically supporting each other psychologically, socially, and economically. This comes handy when it comes to transacting vital undertakings such as inheritance of property where every member is expected to receive a share. In comparison to other family structures this exercise is less complex. In extended families such issues as inheritance can be termed as nightmare, this is probably because of the larger numbers. Extended family is the other major type of family structure. It can be described as a family with more than parents and offspring. Sociologist have moved forward and tried to classify extended family as follows. First is the vertical extended family. This branch is made up of three or more sets such as grandp
The Favelas Favela is a Portuguese word for shantytown. While the majority of favelas actually have access to electricity many of these are actually illegally tapped to the power grid. Favela’s are ramshackle villages built from whatever raw materials are available. Favela’s are cramped and closely packed. As a result, they are plagued by sanitation problems. In general, Brazilians refuse to acknowledge the existence of the Favelas as a legal entity. The name itself originates from a plant that has thorny leaves that grows in the semi-arid regions of Brazil, specifically the North-East. The Favela’s increase in population as freed African Americans moved into the Favela’s contributing to the poverty there. People who live in a Favela actually prefer to live there because it is close to their place of work, yet it keeps them away from more prosperous places where they will not be welcomed. The first Favela came into existence in November 1897 when some twenty-thousand soldiers were transported to Rio de Janeiro but were not given quarters. Some older Favelas were actually independent settlements of rouge African slaves in the hills areas surrounding Rio de Janeiro. These settlements grew in size as more slaves were liberated but found that they had no place to live. The original Favelas predated the dense occupation of the city. But during the 1940s there was explosive growth in the Favela districts when the Getulio Vargas industrialization drive drew people from the rural areas and into the city. Favelas are not immune to the drug trade. Precisely because they are poor and desperate Favela dwellers will resort to the drug trade to survive In fact shootouts between drug traffickers and the police are common. There are a lot of instances of Traffickers fighting other criminal gangs. Traffickers will even fight among themselves for selling turf. Drug money makes Drug armies rich hence they can afford many guns. As a result, most battles that occur between the Drug armies are shootouts where both sides possess high-powered firearms. Because both sides are heavily armed the murder rate in Rio is a shocking 40 per 100,000 inhabitants. The rate is even higher in the Favelas. The drug traffickers gain more power through their protection racket. An age-old practice, the protection racket involves guaranteeing the safety of the Favela dwellers by means of their political connections as well as their firearms. The drug armies are in fact better at keeping order in the Favelas and maintain a status quo of reciprocity and respect. As a result of this, despite the inherent violence of the drug trade, the average Favela dweller feels safe. It shall be upon this backdrop of poverty, oppression, hopelessness, and drug abuse that Fanon’s seminal work “The Wretched of the Earth” Shall be applied. Specifically, it shall be applied upon the drug-addicted youth in the same context that Favela originally meant to mention the non-white ‘colonized’ peoples. In this case, the lumpenproletariat will be those who have lost hope in an honest life, they are people wh