ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The learning contract aim By the end of Week 9, I will be able to define what is important to me, formulate effective goals and make progress towards achievement of my personal and professional goals. This will be essential because effective goal setting is crucial for individuals and organizations to achieve success. The main benefits of effective goal setting include the enhanced morale and self-esteem, choice of precise purposes, improved motivation and productivity. Spending substantial amount of time working, people may lose their way and fail to set the priorities. Lacking particular goals, individuals cannot concentrate their efforts and adopt an appropriate decision-making model. Rauch (2006) stated that the two main categories facilitate people’s commitment to the achievement of their goals, including the perceived importance of these goals and their belief tat they are able to achieve specific goals. The rationale I chose goal setting as my skill because the improvement of this skill will have a number of advantages for my personal and professional development. The goal setting will help me to set the priorities and facilitated more effective decision making. Additionally, goal setting can be helpful for enhancing my confidence in navigating the map of my life (Rose, 2008). Furthermore, goal setting techniques will help me to plan my time and concentrate my efforts on particular tasks to enhance my performance and achieve better results. The development of this skill can become an important stage in my self-improvement program. Improved goal setting skills are vital to planning my own activities and understanding the value of effective planning. Moreover, goal setting skills are valuable because they will allow me to manage other people more effectively. Within organizational context, goal setting is vital for ensuring the efficacy of the organizational processes and increasing the performance of the personnel. It can be explained with the value of formulating the effective goals and accompanying them with appropriate objectives and/or an action plan.
Social health campaigns supported by the government are often oriented to developing definite frightening images and forming certain models and behaviours to influence the people’s attitude to the problematic question or issue. Thus, scare tactics are often used to develop people’s negative attitude to unhealthy habits and behaviours in order to promote well-being, health, and fitness. The majority of social health campaigns are oriented toward young people and adolescents because they can be affected by the messages more significantly. The question is in the effectiveness of using scare tactics in this case, and it is important to focus on the emotional reaction of adolescents to the advertisements containing the frightening messages (Roskos-Ewoldsen, 2004). Today, the Australian population is at risk of spreading melanoma cases influenced by the popularity of tanning among the public. Such social health campaigns as Dark Side of Tanning promoted by the Cancer Institute NSW depend on scare tactics and discuss the youth as the target audience. The aim of the essay is to examine the effectiveness of the Dark Side of Tanning campaign, paying attention to the use of scare tactics to conclude about the impact on adolescents and their well-being. Although the use of scare tactics is the controversial question in relation to the effects on adolescents, the Dark Side of Tanning campaign is effective because of combining the tactic with providing comprehensive information on the problem. Scare tactics are traditionally used in health campaigns against the use of tobacco, drugs, and alcohol. However, the impact of these advertisements and messages can be different depending not only on the general demographic features but also on the age of recipients. Scare tactics can be defined as the promotion techniques which manipulate the people’s feeling of fear and evoke definite negative emotions associated with the message, idea, or image demonstrated. Thus, scare tactics are based on using the promotional approaches connected with the issues of psychology (Beiner & Taylor, 2002). Those advertisements containing emotional appeals are more attractive for the audience, and they receive more reaction. If the advertisements include positive messages, the positive reaction of the public is expected. However, it is also expected that negative emotions associated with the scaring advertisements can influence the people’s attitude to negative habits and activities which can be harmful for their health (Dickinson & Holmes, 2008). That is why, developing such health campaigns as Dark Side of Tanning, the authorities can receive both the positive and negative effects. The Dark Side of Tanning campaign was developed to inform the young Australians about the real risks of melanoma and about the severity of the disease which is often ignored as well as the connection of the disease with tanning. Using the 30 second video commercials, the developers of the campaign tried to break the stereotype that tanned skin is healthier with references to the images of celebrities or other advertisements ( Dark Side of Tanning , 2010). Thus, the misconception
Introduction Ethical Awareness Inventory is an instrument that helps in the evaluation of one’s ethical perspective. The judgment of an issue as being right or wrong is relative as individual judges; that is, individuals judge an act as being right or wrong from their own perspective. The ethical perspective that one belongs to determines the ethical decisions made by the person as well as how the person relates with other people. The Ethics Awareness Inventory program involves the use of a series of questions, followed by the analysis of responses. The answers, usually four, are given and classified ranging from the most ethical decision to the least ethical decision an individual can make to show the type of ethical perspective an individual belongs. There are four main ethical perspectives that most people base their ethical views on, viz. character, obligation, results, and equity. The knowledge of one’s ethical perspective is vital in making good moral judgment and also in good interpersonal relationships. Ethical Perspectives Ethical perspectives are different and are important in personal and professional development. The obligation ethical perspective is based on an individual’s sense of duty or obligation to do what is morally right. This perspective considers the person’s actions to determine intention, rather than looking at the results of an action. It holds true Kant’s deontological ethics that an action is good or bad depending on one’s motives not results achieved thereafter. Equity ethical perspective is based on an individual’s daily experience as a guide to making ethical decisions. The perspective holds that there are no absolute standards for a right or wrong actions because the circumstances of actions may be different. Other people view actions from a character ethical perspective. They tend to look at the virtues of an individual instead of concentrating on the action itself. They believe that the person should have good character and strive to live up to high moral standards. The results of ethical perspective on the other hand, consider the results of an action to determine whether an action is morally good or not. Personal Ethics The Ethical Awareness inventory program is important in evaluation of an individual’s ethical style, which has profound effects on professional and personal life. Culture, religion, and family issues heavily influence personal ethics of an individual. The awareness of right or wrong from early childhood helps a child to develop the same values and morals later in life. Religious teachings also influence individual’s ethical perspective as people are taught that good ways prevail over evil behaviors. Cultural norms also impact upon the ethical perspectives of the individuals. Certain actions are considered to be against cultural norms of some communities. However, cultural influence on the ethics is varied as culture varies from community to community. Going against cultural norms attracts a punishment including being labeled an outcast. Professional Ethics Personal ethics focus on the behavior of an individual in the workplace as opposed to the beha
Introduction Alcohol is a psychoactive substance contained in intoxicating beverages such as beers, spirits and wine. Chronic use of alcohol leads to alcohol dependency or alcoholism, a condition characterized by continued use of alcohol despite evident adverse psychological and physical effects to the user. The alcoholic individual exhibits compulsive behavior patterns and sometimes tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, which are indications of a psychological dependence on alcohol. Numerous factors contribute to the development of alcoholism, including hereditary and environmental factors. The connection between alcohol dependency and genetics is significant; however, the heredity and environmental factors work hand in hand to influence an individual’s vulnerability to alcoholism. Alcohol abuse especially in young people is strongly influenced by environmental factors. Many complications arise from alcohol dependency, including mental impairment, psychological effects such as withdrawal symptoms and severe health complications like liver cirrhosis. Environmental and Genetic Influences to Alcoholism Alcohol products readily available in local establishments like schools and homes greatly influence adolescent alcohol abuse. Gruenewald, Remer, and Lipton observe that alcohol is readily available at low prices in community stores and retail shops near (2007). This influences the purchase and consumption of alcohol by adolescents. In addition, alcohol is readily available in local establishments at low prices, which encourages irresponsible drinking and intoxication. Adolescent alcohol abuse is also influenced by parental behaviors and the extended family’s attitude toward alcohol use. Parental and the immediate family members’ behaviors and attitudes influence early child learning and development; therefore, exposing children to alcohol early in life increases their likelihood of abusing alcohol later in life. Furthermore, alcohol abuse by parents stresses the children and leads to poor parent-child relationships, which in turn increase the likelihood of the children engaging in alcohol abuse. The media and societal perceptions strongly influence alcohol abuse. In most cases, alcohol consumption is portrayed as fashionable and morally acceptable by the mass media through television shows and videos. This influences problematic alcohol use particularly amongst the youth who are ready to experiment with everything that comes their way. Alcohol abuse among music artistes and film stars further influences alcoholism amongst the youth; they associate alcoholism and substance abuse with celebrity status, oblivious of the adverse effects of alcoholism. Additionally, peer attitudes and society acceptance of alcohol use also influence alcohol abuse amongst the youth. This phenomenon is aggravated by lack of implementation of alcohol policies to punish drunken behaviors like drunk driving. On the other hand, studies show that, alcohol-related disorders such as alcohol dependency are geneti
Taking into consideration the close relations of the issues of globalization and cultural acceptance, there is a strong necessity to mention that the multiple renditions of globalization, as well as the appearing of the frames in international communication, are closely associated with the worldwide manifestation of the globalization failures, and lack of cultural acceptance. Originally the association of these two issues is closely linked with the concept that to unite, there is a strong necessity to be patient, tolerant, and wide open for the perception of the other culture. In the light of this fact, it should be emphasized that it is impossible to globalize the world without proper understanding and clear realizing of the needs and requirements of all the participants of the globalization process. Originally, these requirements are based on the cultural backgrounds of the people. It should be emphasized that cultural acceptance is one of the most noticeable tendencies in the world nowadays. Consequently, the processes of globalization are regarded to be among the most burning issues. The importance of the allover topic is generally regarded through the context of the numerous processes, and one of the most noticeable, is, probably the phenomenon of the Korean Wave. Lo and Marcotullio (2001, p. 107) emphasize the following statement on this matter: At the global level, it signifies multidirectional transnational cultural flows in which the previous cultural peripheries began to have a presence and a voice in the cultural centers or cores. What this phenomenon also signifies is the regionalization of transnational cultural flows as it entails Asian countries’ increasing acceptance of cultural information from neighboring countries that share similar economic and cultural backgrounds rather than from economically and politically powerful others. Above all, new cultural formations are in the making, and the Korean Wave is the first sign of how a country “in-between” can find a niche and reposition itself as an influential cultural mediator and creator amid the global cultural transformation. In the light of this consideration, there is a strong necessity to emphasize that it is often suggested that globalization as an integral process of the contemporary world causes the exploitation of weaker nations, and neo-Marxist researchers regard globalization as the closer integration of the core, semi-periphery, and periphery. Co
Executive summary Problem Statement The restaurant industry is very competitive and Panera has to overcome the many challenges including new entrants and high expenses in order for it to continue making profits. Analysis There are many problems being faced by Panera and they have come up with strategies that give them an edge over other similar businesses. Some of the problems and strategies used by Panera include:   * The ease of accessibility of alternatives to the dishes offered at Panera. An example is coffee, which can be swapped with any stimulative drink. They have overcome this challenge by providing a relaxing and comfy environment.   * New entrants in the restaurant business can reduce the number of sales for Panera. They have been able to overcome this by providing a variety of dishes in their menus and changing the menus constantly.   * The buyer can choose to go elsewhere if the food is monotonous or poor service delivery. To ensure customer satisfaction, the service at Panera is excellent and the quality of food exceptional. This way, their rating by law is high, and attractive to consumers.   * To overcome challenges that may arise due to unreliability of the suppliers, Panera buys its ingredients from multiple businesses, and does its own delivery of the bread.   * Panera faces high transport costs due to the few branches located within the dough deliver
Introduction Conservation is the process of human beings utilization of natural sources in order to produce the maximum sustainable benefit to current generation at the same time upholding its responsibility to achieve and ensure that the same resources are reserved for future generations. Conservation therefore entails maintenance, preservation, restoration and sustainable utilisation of natural surroundings (Hupages.com). Ecotourism and Voluntourism Ecotourism and voluntourism are types of tourism that have recently emerged; ecotourism is a form of tourism that entails travel to serene and uncontaminated natural regions that preserve the surroundings and develops the welfare of the local community (Hubpages.com). Ecotourism involves travelling to natural region where there is slightest impact on the surroundings resulting from tourism activities. As such ecotourism creates environmental consciousness and supply direct financial support to the local community, helps maintain individual rights and demographic travels and respects the local people’s culture. Ecotourism aims to preserve the cultural and natural diversity of biological areas by protecting the local ecosystem and it is actually intended to encourage sustainable employment of the neighbouring biodiversity through supplying employment to local people (Hubpages.com). On the other hand, voluntourism is type of travel where the traveller gets actively involved in various charitable activities in combination to their vacation activities. This means that the vacation/trip must be well planned in advance and reservation made so as to accommodate all the extra activities that the tourist will be involved in apart from the vocation itself. Thus, both ecotourism and voluntourism creates a win-win state for both the people and the environment; the local people and the environment benefit from the natural resource organization, not simply biological resource preservation but also tourist destination attraction, sustainable monetary growth and poverty mitigation. The optimal economic models present extra h
Executive Summary This document contains a business plan for Beijing ZhiYing Educational Agency that will provide support services to students who wish to pursue higher education in the UK. The target market will be students who have finished high school and those who want to undertake advanced degrees. The business will be owned by a student who has previously traveled from China to study in the UK. The enterprise has immense prospects because of favorable legal and economic policies in the above-mentioned countries. The capital investment of the business will be ¥500,000 and will be sourced from the owner’s savings and contributions from friends and family members. This money will be used to lease office space, buy equipment, hire staff, marketing and pay for all licenses. Repayment is guaranteed through the sale of affordable education travel packages to different groups of students wishing to travel to the UK. The table below highlights key financial metrics for the business, including projected sales, net profit, and the number of employees for the first year of operation. Item                 Cost     Projected Sales      ¥129,000 Number of Employees  2        Net Profit           ¥76,000   General Company Description The name of my proposed business is Beijing ZhiYing Educational Agency. In Chinese, it means the willingness to know more about higher education opportunities abroad. As its name suggests, Beijing will be the company’s headquarters, as it is the main educational center in China. The business aligns with the educational policies of the Chinese government, which aim to promote Beijing as an educational center by encouraging collaboration in the provision of education services with governmental and non-governmental organizations (Frezghi & Tsegay 2019). The primary business that will be undertaken by Beijing ZhiYing Educational Agency will be the provision of services linked with establishing educational linkages for students seeking educational services in China and the UK. The primary target market will comprise primary, junior high, and high school students. Beijing ZhiYing Educational agency is differentiated from other companies because it will offer quality services and with greater detail than most traditional businesses do. For example, most existing education agencies in China have a poor understanding of the location or kind of universities that the students will attend when abroad. Additionally, some of them are staffed by people who have no educational experience overseas. Consequently, most of these firms are simply ran as consultancy agencies with a poor record of making timely goals or processing student travel documents on time. Based on these areas of incompetence, Beijing ZhiYing Educational agency seeks to set itself apart from the competition by providing personalized services because clients will interact with former students who have experienced learning in the United Kingdom (UK). In some cases, the prospective students would be studying in the same institution as some
Introduction Globalization is important for each company and country. Each company benefits from globalization; globalization increases brand awareness allowing each company to market in a wider range of buyers, whether it is consumers, businesses, or even governments. Countries benefit by increasing their GDP and tourist attraction for business and pleasure. In today’s world, globalization is vital to the profitability of each country and company. People work together by using resources around the world. Resources are rich in a different land, in Canada its lumber, in Ghana its gold, and in Kazakhstan (the topic of discussion) its oil. Globalization is an important factor in achieving economic prosperity. Kazakhstan became apart of the Soviet Union in 1920 and was officially named Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic when Bolshevik () came in to preserve the Soviet Union. Under the control of the Soviet Union, the name of the country changed to Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic in 1925, then again in 1936 to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During 1986, the protest began to erupt for their independence, and in 1991 they finally won their independence with Nazarbayev becoming the first leader in the new independent country in the global world. Kazakhstan is now a leading country in Central Asia. Its economy is the largest in Central Asia. It has huge oil reserves as well as metals and minerals. “The top exports of Kazakhstan are Crude petroleum ($39.7B), Refined Petroleum ($3.6B), Petroleum Gas ($5.51B), Radioactive Chemicals ($2.26B) and Refined Copper ($1.99B), using the 1992 revision of the HS(Harmonized System) classification. Its top imports are Cars ($2.32B), Refined Petroleum ($1.49B), packaged Medicaments ($1.1B), planes, helicopter or spacecraft ($842M) and computers ($642M)” According to the world economic forum it is in the 53rd place out of 138 economies on the global competitiveness 2016-2017 report. Kazakhstan contributes to the global economy, mainly through the oil industry; it is one of the tenth largest oil exporters in the world. Although globalization can be very helpful in growing an economy there were some negative consequences that came along with doing that. In this essay I will be analyzing Kazakhstan from how they impact and are impacted by globalization, to the major companies that have an influence in the country to whether or not I would start a business there. Kazakhstan is surrounded by five countries China, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, kryghstan. It is actually the largest landlocked country and 9th largest country in the world. This does not stop Kazakhstan and is not a trap like it would normally be for other countries. It has a close relationship with the Russian economy because it depends on it’s routes to get access into the international market. Globalization has been really beneficial to Kazakhstan. It has given Kazakhstan a chance to evolve by bringing newer standards to the country. Foreign investments by huge companies like Chevron and British petroleum has contributed to Kazakhstan’s economic growth