ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
As the seasons’ change, human moods also change. A correlation has been stricken between the weather and human emotions. While bright moods are associated with sunshine, gloomy or somber moods on the other hand are associated with cloudy or rainy days. Whether this is an attempt by the human system to adjust to changes in weather or a way of reacting to some form of deficiency is not clear. It has been observed that quite a number of people experience altered moods when a particular weather season peaks. In the northern parts of the globe, there are people whose depression increases during the months of winter. This condition has been referred to as Seasonal Affective Disorder. According to an article by George Grow in the VOA Science Report (2002), the victims of Seasonal Affective Disorder experience its effects during winter when days are often short and dark. The problem becomes extreme during the months when there are few daylight hours. Finally, when spring arrives, the symptoms disappear and the victims become well again. According to the article, women are more vulnerable to the condition than men even though it can affect anyone. Again, it is a condition mostly associated with young people. The report further says that almost twenty-five percent of the American population has some form of Seasonal Affective Disorder. Five percent of this suffers from its extreme form. The condition can also be found in other parts of the world. The disorder has been noted among scientists working in Antarctica. The workers often find it difficult to gather enough energy and motivation to perform their duties. The article also points that the idea that lack of light is linked to some ailment is not new. Since the beginning of medicine, scientists have tackled the issue. Hippocrates noted the correlation between human emotions and weather two thousand years ago. Scientists today have not yet fully comprehended Seasonal Affective Disorder even though they agree it is a real disorder. According to some doctors, the development of Seasonal Affective Disorder is linked to alterations in the chemistry of the brain. These doctors have observed that individuals with this condition also record excessive levels of melatonin in their bodies. While an individual is asleep, melatonin is produced by the pineal gland which is located in the brain. This hormone is associated with symptoms of depression. When in the dark, an individual’s level of melatonin production increases. As such, when days are short and dark, its production increases. George Grow says that the victims do not have to wait until spring to treat the disorder. Exposing the victims to bright light every day eases the condition. There are also other things that individuals can do to ease the condition. These things include increasing the amount of sunlight in the workplaces and homes. One can also spend much of his or her time outdoors during the day to be exposed to fresh air. A study found out that spending two and a half hours indoors under bright light is as effective as walking for an hour in the winter sunlight. Drawing conclusions from studies conducted to examine how mood is affected by w
Philip Pullman’s book, The golden compass is a fascinating novel published for both young readers and adults. The story revolves around Lyra Belacqua; an 11-year-old girl brought up in Jordan College. In Lyra’s universe, everyone has a daemon, a soul that takes the form of an animal depending on one’s character. A child’s daemon kept changing until puberty when the assumed animal became permanent. At the start of the book, Lyra’s daemon is a moth named pantalaimon. Lyra knows that her parents are long dead but has an uncle who is a researcher named Lord Asriel. The Golden Compass intricately fuses fantasy, fairy tales, and coming-of-age elements to bring a scintillating narration that transcends age limitation. Children are being stolen by Gobblers and taken to the far North. Roger, her friend, and only everyday companion is stolen, and Lyra is determined to save him from the Gobblers. She leaves for Mr. Coulter’s house, a woman who happens to be her birth mother after discovering that she was part of the children’s kidnappers (Pullman, 1996, pp. 75). Before she joins, Coulter, the master of Jordan College, gives her an alethiometer, which ideally is a truth meter. Lyra later escapes from Mrs. Coulter’s house for the North, where he receives assistance from gyptians and friendly witches. She manages to save Roger after risking her life in many instances. She also learns that Lord Asriel was her biological father. Upon saving Roger, Lyra sets on a journey in search of his father together with his newfound friend. She later regrets why she took Roger with her as Lord Asriel uses him for his dust experiments. Unknown to Lyra, she had unknowingly led Roger to his death, thinking he was saving him from the oblation board controlled by her mother. The Golden Compass has fairy tale elements that introduce readers to an imaginary world beyond the normal earth real humans inhabit. Firstly, the author introduces the concept of demons that are directly linked to humans. The daemons live outside the human body, and their actions and thoughts sync with those of the humans they represent. Separating the person from their daemons was a risky affair that always led to death. The daemon is an equivalent of the human soul, with the difference being that the daemons in Lyra’s world are visible as they are external and take a form of an animal. This is
“Four Corners” introduces an important problem for Australia’s Aboriginal children and their difficulties with the English language. The new rule which requires the first four hours of school to be taught in English has proven completely disadvantaging and disastrous to students and their ability to learn (Whitmount, 2009). There are several, such as Aboriginal English, Creole, Pidgin and sign language which is non-verbal (Nicholls, 1994). Aboriginal language is valued, but more importantly, the nuances of culture that accompany the language are also key to children’s communication. As mentioned in the “Teaching and Learning in Indigenous Education”, students must feel a close connection to their culture and comprehension of the requirements. A positive environment should be created, so that students will feel less strain while learning a new language (Harrison, 2009). As the article “Watch Your Language Eh?“ mentions, I believe teachers must be aware of different grammatical structure of several dialects and make sure that they are being understood properly (Nicholls, 1994). I think it is extremely important that each student gets a personal approach, so that their strength and areas of improvement can be worked out and used to their learning benefit (Ogilvie, 1994). Howard Groome writes on the importance of identity and the role it plays in schooling. I agree that students must feel confident in themselves and teachers, who must use understanding and support (Groome, 1995). The facts show that the schooling of Aboriginal students is a very slow process which is strained by cultural differences, insecurities and interaction with other students and teachers (Beresford, Partington & Gower, 2012). I support the idea of programs that allow for more affective assimilation by providing cultural services and community oriented approach would be best in the implementation of Aboriginal students into the educational system. As a result, the government of South Wales is taking active steps having “allocated $100,000 for a ‘rolling’ small grants program…and $200,000 for larger one-off grants…” (NSW Government revitalizes Aboriginal languages, 2013). In order for children to learn effectively, the school and teachers need to value Aboriginal English and move students to Standard Australian English. Aboriginal English is often used at home while SAE is more appropriate for a school setting. Resources such as INDIJ or Honey ant readers might be used to gain more knowledge or a dialectal approach to teaching Native’s own language in SAE. “Ways of Being, Ways of Talk” is an interactive opportunity for students to learn about the new culture and their own. Many materials, such as videos, graphics, interviews, pictures and articles are provided to enrich and enhance the learning experience (Ways of Being, Ways of Talk, 2002). I have learned that the way people are taught and how the information is presented, are key methods in bettering the learning process (Fraser, 2002). I think that teaching is not a simple transference of information; it is an interaction between the student and the teach
Introduction Choosing the best social networking tool requires a decision process. The paper highlights the cognitive process that will assist one to select the best networking tool based on different alternatives. The steps followed incorporate output of the planning stage decision making that precedes the actual decision making exercise. Issue Identification Making a Decision Social networking tools have different features, and thus, one ought to choose a tool that is easy to navigate and customize. In addition, the tool should offer maximum benefits and have minimal consequences (Boyd & Ellison, 2007, p.1). Goals to be achieved The tool should offer opportunities to add friends in an extensive physical social layer. Additionally, the tool should be an entity of reciprocal altruism and gift economy, and ensure privacy and protection of clandestine information. Issue Analysis Causes of decision paralysis Decision paralysis occurs because many people do not understand how social tools operate. Another issue that causes decision paralysis is the several tools that have similar functionality—making it hard to choose. Cognitive and personal biases Depending on the physical appearance of the tool, many people tend to lean to the one that pleases their eyes without considering its functionality. Peer influence and the number of people within an age group can influence somebody to select a tool. Develop Alternatives Choosing one tool over another Choosing one tool over another is not an easy task. Nevertheless, people choose tools that best suit their needs. Moreover, the tool should serve the intended purpose like data protection and privacy. Not choosing any of the tools Certain factors can cause a barren choice of a tool. This dilemma does not eliminate the existing problem. Consequently, a barren choice does not mean a cut of costs, but rather, an opportunity to revisit the decision. Evaluate Alternatives Rating of each alternative It is better to explore each tool, analyze the benefits of each tool before making a decision. Even though people choose certain tools as the preferred ones, they still want to explore their decisions to establish opportunity cost. Rating of the risk posed by each alternative In the decision process, risks are rife. One might choose a tool only to find that it does not serve the intended purpose. Thus, it is better to rate every risk posed by each alternative and in order to establish how it might affect the outcome. Decision Using Optimizing Strategy The optimizing strategy enables one to choose a tool that would give results and enable realization of objectives. Under this strategy, only allow a barren choice when the
Nutritional Practices Handout The nutrition of infants and toddlers is of key importance in forming a healthy and disease-resistant organism. Although parents’ role in this issue is undeniable, it should be recognized that family meals do not always have a positive effect on a child’s health (Verhage et al., 2018). Children from an early age usually attend childcare centers and kindergartens, where care tutors and teachers provide care, which means that taste preferences, food choices, and potential allergies known to parents may not be in the staff’s attention. (Tips to help children, 2020) Such a problem needs to be addressed, and it should be recognized that modern methods of feeding children outside the home are highly tolerant, courteous, and personalized. According to Sisson et al. (2017), a child gets more useful food in kindergartens than at home. The teachers understand the responsibility they take and do their best to ensure that the child gets a nutritious meal that is appropriate for his or her individual needs. It should be noted that the number of methods of nutrition is quite large, and each nutritionist can promote their development. Nevertheless, in the context of the whole state, local health authorities, and child protection structures make recommendations, following which will significantly increase the chances of a child’s healthy functional development. Such methodologies and support for children with eating disorders will be discussed in this handout. (Healthy Eating Research, 2017) Develop Taste Preferences for Infants The main idea of this method is to ensure that the child gets a variety of food from an early age. According to Healthy Eating Research (2017), every person is born with innate taste preferences, but because of the poverty of the food diet, a baby may not know what they really like. For example, every child must eat at least two tablespoons of vegetables a day (USDA, 2020). Thus, a baby may not like the taste of broccoli, and then they will think that all vegetables are not good. To avoid this situation, Healthy Eating Research recommends offering a child a variety of foods and ways to serve them. For instance, mashed potatoes can be crushed or with lumps; broccoli can be boiled or fresh; fish can be served with rice or beans. Ultimately, this approach ensures that the child will get used to nut
Introduction Culture is defined as peoples thoughts, feelings, and actions. It is the significant package of inner values, and norms basically believed by groups of people in the world or regions and the recognizable effect those values and norms have on individuals outward characteristics and the surroundings. In the book by Arnold (1993) culture is meant to unite people in a community, but not to separate them and is associated with the esthetic and intellectual scarcity only in its elitists form. Culture is considered by some writers to be among the most complicated words in English language and difficult to define in any other languages (Arnold 1993). Evidence of competing understanding of culture The main problem in our culture is the unsolved case of going beyond minority prose especially when addressing most urgent political and social issues. Lack of many voices during the historical development of this form of extended communication makes it become difficult; therefore, the central issue is democracy in culture. For instance, general values may seem obvious in some areas in the world with different history of social class. It is said that every person has right to be heard, but in realty, only few voices are heard. The culture and writings of the educated elites are the ones that matter a lot. This indicates that we have cultural and social differences that are divided according to class of people such as the educated and illiterates. The distinct intellectuals read books as well as attend seminars, and watch little television.Therefore, they assume that television does not matter very much in the culture. But the idea is not favorable to the rest, because television is the form of media that reaches majority. It is actively defining the period and shaping issues in away that is not happening in other mass media like the films or the newspapers. Another evidence of culture is experience of watching drama. Drama used to be a special activity in local halls some times back, but it
The Power Flower exercise revealed that I have both born privileges and disadvantages. I am a 29-year-old African American living on the East coast of the US in ab urban area. I am a single mother (living with a seven-year-old son) with a Bachelor’s degree in Human Services. I am able-bodied, straight, middle class with no chronic illnesses. According to Power Flower, my unearned privileges are connected with language, education level, religion, age group, disability status, sexual orientation, and current geographic location. In particular, since I am a native English speaker with no disabilities at a young age, with a bachelor’s degree, I have a good education and job opportunities. Additionally, my sexual orientation and religion decrease the level of social oppression. However, my ethnic background, gender, family status, and social class diminish my level of social power. For instance, as an African American, I can become a subject of racism. Thus, the Power Flower exercise revealed both strengths and weaknesses of my social identity. Assessment of the level of power is crucial for human service providers, as awareness of one’s inborn strengths and weaknesses affects how practitioners help their clients, act as leaders, and work as social change agents. In all three cases, human service providers benefit from realizing their level of power by helping to acquire a deeper appreciation of feelings that clients and co-workers may have. In the client-practitioner relationship, such awareness can help to avoid cultural biases (Yan & Wong, 2005). When acting as a leader, the knowledge about the level of power can promote the spirit of collaboration, as the leader starts to understand the complexity and diversity of every follower’s needs. As the change agent, knowing about the effect of social identity on perception can help to develop different strategies to reach all the stakeholders depending on their level of power, which can increase effectiveness (McGowan et al., 2017). Thus, awareness about the personal level of power is crucial for human service professionals.
There are many similarities between the revolutions of 1848 and the Arab revolutions. One of the most significant parallel is that the revolutions end up with the existing governments being overthrown by local people. Some of the causes, ideals and the demands of the civilians who began the revolutions are significantly identical. An analysis of the two revolutions shows parallels which are characterized by different contexts of the causes and impact on the existing political structures. Every revolution had a different kind of drama which unfolded in a different kind of fashion (Price 151). Moreover, every revolution had its own crises, heroes and heroines and therefore they deserve to be narrated differently. Some of the causes of the 1848 revolutions included the middle class liberals who demanded for equal human rights. Secondly, many people were not content with the existing economical tides across. Additionally, there was a growing sense of nationalism with people hoping to unite and rule themselves. The aforementioned causes are the main significance factors that led to the increased revolutions of 1848. The revolutions wave was to create a sense of socialism within regimes which were dictatorial. Although the revolutions began in France, they spread too many countries with an aim to fulfill the social discontent. At the end, the revolutions helped to change the poor governance of many countries across Europe (Dowe 123). The bad economical tides characterized by massive Economic crises were the major cause of the revolutions. The great economic depression which affected many countries in Europe created a sense of discontentment with the current regimes. Many people though that the local governments were corrupt and did not provide the right leadership to enhance growth of the economies. Poor governance of the monarchies did not provide change in the economical structures and this created tension to the people. Thus most of the 1848 revolutions were started by rebellions against the existing governments. Arguably, the shortages in food, economic depression and bad governance were the main critical factors behind most of the revolutions (Dowe 126). Most of the rebellions demanded for liberal and democratic systems which would help to enhance socialism within many states. There were growing oppositions of the existing monarchies from many critics. These developed ideals in the civilians who then formed rebellions to fight against the existing regimes. Nevertheless, t
Globalization represents the practice through which integration and relations of nations, corporations, and people around the world are effectively realized. It is mainly supported by investment, international trade, and outsourced expertise, to mention a few (Berggren & Nilsson, 2015). This is facilitated by technological advancement, which plays a crucial role in strengthening interrelations across the globe. Technology is an imperative force behind globalization. Globalization ensures that commodities, services, and people move without restraint around the globe in a manner that is smooth and interlocked. It has promoted international trade hence enabling different nations to attain competitive benefit with respect to production (Broner & Ventura, 2016). This signifies that if two countries, X and Y, are manufacturing the same item but Y produces it at a lesser cost when compared to X, then Y will be selling the items locally and exporting some to country X. To enhance economic globalization, all forms of trade and markets ought to be reinforced and existing barriers either lessened or eradicated to make sure that different countries enjoy the flow of products and services. Some of the negative effects of globalization include environmental destruction and job insecurity (Berggren & Nilsson, 2015). Overproduction of goods results in the overutilization of natural resources, which translates to increased pollution and negative climatic changes that pose serious threats to humankind and the advancement of the world. In addition, globalization has led to some high-profile jobs across the globe, either being insecure or temporary (Vadlamannati, 2015). The effect is mainly felt in developed nations because they have a great ability to outsource cheap production and white-collar jobs hence sacking or replacing local professionals when they deem fit.