ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Human behavior is susceptible to change based on one’s social situation. A person in a group will have a heightened level of social awareness that will prevent them from acting appropriately. Two scenarios of behavior alteration will be analyzed in order to demonstrate this tendency. Description of the specific behaviors The first incident was the gang rape of a high school student at Richmond, which occurred on 27 th October 2009. The victim was a fifteen year old student who was attending a dance at the school’s gymnasium. Ten men raped and tortured her in the presence of ten other witnesses who surrounded the attackers and took pictures of the incident. Several other individuals joined the crowd of witnesses and continued to watch or laugh at the girl. The school had a number of security guards during the incident, yet no individual bothered to call them. Even the assistant principle noticed that a group of strange men was in the school premises, but he did not investigate the matter further. This administrator did not alert teachers or the police concerning such a peculiar situation. One student who left the party reported the incident after the girl had already been raped and was in critical condition. She was found under a bench, half conscious. The second behavior is something that has taken place in several organizations around the world. An employer assigns workers with the responsibility of creating a new company manual. In performing this task, they are expected to meet regularly and give their suggestions and ideas. After collection of ideas, different members must compile, edit and prepare the manual. They need to research and add more information concerning those suggestions in order to translate them into usable material. However, many of the employees do not carry their weight in the project meetings as well as the implementation phase. This occurs regardless of the fact that most of the employees are highly productive in their specific departments. The project ends up dragging for long and members create an inferior product at the end of it all. Context The rapists had varied ages, but most of them were young. Additionally, most of the eye witnesses were immature. Psychologists explain that youth are more likely to be detached during a dangerous situation because they do not understand the idea of victimization well. Eyewitnesses did not have any personal association with the rape victim thus explaining why most of them remained passive. Failure to notify the police or other authorities in the vicinity contributed to excessive prolonging of the rape, psychological and physical torture of the victim. The second issue of employee stalling occurred in an organizational setting. The individuals were not used to working in groups. Furthermore, there was no explicit evaluator who would hold proje
Introduction The study of human sexuality and its manifestations in modern society is a fascinating and vital topic not only from the standpoint of social sciences but also psychology. The appropriate training of adolescents in relation to the basics of relationships between two genders can be of great importance for their developing psyche and may help them better adapt to the outside world. In this regard, the concept of comprehensive sexuality education is an essential approach that can be considered a principle of socially oriented work from the position of people’s differences and rights. Haberland and Rogow (2015) analyze this concept and come to a conclusion that this term promoted in a special educational environment contributes to the well-being of adolescents by reviewing the issues of responsibility, inequality, and health. For instance, the problem of sexually transmitted infections is one of the pressing contemporary topics, and appropriate training is aimed at reducing the number of these diseases through timely discussion and prevention. Therefore, the concept of sexuality education is a valuable practice and may be applied to not only adolescents but also adults. The Concept The knowledge that individuals receive due to this training may help improve the life of society as a whole. As Haberland and Rogow (2015) remark, those challenges that some young people face at the stage of their personality maturation are often caused by the ignorance of issues about genders’ interaction. At the same time, the importance of this topic is significant because communication is regular, and building the right behavioral patterns helps eliminate any negative nuances. With the help of special training
A severe ankle sprain is a complex and difficult health issue that might result in the development of numerous complications if left untreated. It can be determined as an injury of the ankle ligament that preconditions the deterioration of its function, the emergence of pain syndrome, and other undesired health issues (Sugimoto, Isomoto, Samoto, Okahashi, & Araki, 2019). Thus, there is also a clear understanding of the fact that ankle functions as a complex structure along with subtalar joints, which should be considered when analyzing the causes for the emergence of lateral ankle sprains and chronic problems with them (Sugimoto et al., 2019). For this reason, there is a tendency towards the association of subtalar joint instability with an ankle sprain. Sugimoto et al. (2019) state that isolated subtalar instability without ankle instability is a rare condition. It means that any alteration of the axis might have a particular impact on the further development of the discussed health issue. Regarding acute sprains, the calcaneofibular ligament becomes a stabilizer of the subtalar joint (Sugimoto et al., 2019). Moreover, having conducted a series of subtalar arthrography studies, the investigators come to the conclusion that there is a direct correlation between chronic ankle instability involving calcaneofibular ligament and injuries of subtalar joints presupposing changes in the axis (Sugimoto et al., 2019). In such a way, there is a prov
Introduction Alexander the Great is probably the world’s first famous tactician. Born in 356 BC in Pella, the capital of Macedonia, the only son of King Philip II of Macedonia and Queen Olympias, Alexander was given the best of all worlds. Philip was, himself, a tremendously successful warrior and military leader, and he spent a good deal of his time educating his son on the intricacies of warfare. As an adolescent, Alexander was privately tutored by the Greek academician Aristotle, instilling in him a strong interest in rhetoric, literature, philosophy, science and medicine. By the time he was 16, Alexander was trusted by his father to rule Macedonia as regent while Philip left to invade Thrace. When a neighboring tribe thought to threaten Macedonia following Philip’s departure, Alexander put together his own fighting forces and led them against the tribe, quickly defeating them and claiming their stronghold as his own for Macedonia (Alexander of Macedon, 2003). By the time he was 18, Alexander had been given a prestigious post in his father’s army as they invaded Greece together. “At the Battle of Chaeronea the Greeks were defeated and Alexander displayed his bravery by destroying the elite Greek force, the Theban Secret Band. Some ancient historians recorded that the Macedonians won the battle thanks to his bravery” (Alexander of Macedon, 2003). However, following this victory, Philip decided to take on a new wife and upset the family household. Suggestions were made that Philip was in search of a legitimate Macedonian son creating a rift between father and son that may have contributed to Philip’s murder. The motivation for this murder has never been fully established, with speculations ranging from the murderer having harbored
Introduction Virtual Reality devices and software are quickly gaining a foothold in the market, despite being a young technology. VR has the benefit of appealing to a very broad target audience, which contains children, teenagers, video gamers, mobile phone users, adults, people in the industry, and the others. Due to the numerous applications in both leisure and industry, as well as massive popularity with audiences of different ages, there is a chance that, in several years, evaluating the target audiences of Virtual Reality headsets, designed to immerse the user into the virtual world, will be as diff
The article Psychic Who Bilked Man of More Than $550,000 Is Set Free revolves around the case of Priscilla Kelly Delmaro, who managed to bilk Niall Race, 33, an online entrepreneur. He “paid more than $550,000 to Ms. Delmaro, 26, who promised to reunite him with a woman he loved ” (Wilson, 2016, para. 1). However, the court sentenced her to four years of probation in terms of the plea agreement. period of time because of its unusual nature. Ms. Delmaro promised to reincarnate the spirit of the beloved woman and obtained payment for her services. However, the case is complicated by the intricate relations between the main actors and its background. Therefore, the court also considered the other aspects of the given case and initiated the deep investigation of the concerns related to the relations between Ms. Delmaro and Nial Race. In this regard, she was set free and returned home. Analyzing the given article, the absence of the adherence to the structure of a good report could be admitted. The paper presents a reader with the facts known from the other articles and stories related to the given case. However, the author does not conduct the precise examination of the major concerns peculiar to the situation, and there is no information obtained from the interviewing of the main participants of the process. Additionally, the paper could be taken as the sort of a crime report. Yet, it lacks a number of facts connected with a certain crime and the evidence proving the courts decision. For these reasons, it is possible to admit its weakness. Furthermore, investigating the article in terms of the building blocks and characteristics of a good report (Davis, 2010), the absence of a clear organization could be admitted. The author switches from one issue to another, highlighting several points and underlining the unusual character of the case. Besides, the report related to a certain crime or accident should be characterized by the clear structure and logical narration. At the same time, the author tends to arouse interest among the readers and provides a number of unnecessary facts which complicate the understanding of the case and formation of the complete image. In this regard, the report structure suggested for the completion of the official reports related to the various cases could be taken as the most logic and efficient one. The adherence to the main principles and organization of the report in accordance with the suggested structure will obviously contribute to the better understanding of the case and promote the generation of the most efficient solution. As for the above-mentioned article, it could not be taken as the example of a good report related to a certain crime as it lacks a number of vital elements. Additionally, the drawbacks in the organization result in the necessity of the additional analysis of the case based on some additional sources. The interview with Ms. Delmaro provided by the author does not present the important informati
Ethical dilemma related to Wayne’s decision Wayne is in a dilemma on whether to lie to protect the jobs of all employees at Occidental Engineering Company or protect professional ethics. He was in charge of developing prototype software for controlling airlines, but it had some defaults during testing. His manager pressurized him to adhere to the contract requirements and protect the company’s image, as well as jobs for employees. If he failed, there was the risk of laying-off the entire workforce and damaging the company’s image. Therefore, Wayne is required to balance between ethical requirements and pressure from the terms of the contract and his immediate boss. The ethical dilemma is whether Wayne should choose between protecting the professional ethics and anyone who uses the software and delivering the product on time to protect the jobs of many workers and the image of the company (McFarland, 2013). Ethical issues related to Wayne’s decision Wayne tried to be right in discharging his duty (McFarland, 2013). However, this could have undermined his competence. The FAA could have considered the whole company as incompetent. It is ethical to protect the lives of people. Therefore, Wayne’s idea not to allow the product into the market adhered to professional requirements. However, failure to implement it makes him unethical (McFarland, 2013). According to the requirements of professional integrity, he could not have allowed the product because it was defective. However, it was not right to allow the product with the argument that they would update it later. Furthermore, his decision indicates how ethics can be influenced by the social environment, especially those in authority. For instance, Deborah influenced his decision to allow the product though it was not ethical to do so. Analyze and defend Wayne’s decision The initial suggestion by Wayne was ethical. He argued that it was unethical to release a defective product to be used because it endangered the lives of many individuals. His idea was to protect his professional integrity by being honest. However, he later chose to allow this product into the market. The final decision was unethical, and it overshadowed all the other ethical decisions made earlier. However, on the part of the company and employees, the choice was worth being implemented. In case he had not allowed the product and claimed to defend the professional integrity, the FAA would have rendered the whole company incompetent. In addition, this would have ruined the company’s image. Therefore, they would not have accessed any other contract in the future. Furthermore, underfunding and the inadequate workforce were to be blamed for the defect in the product. Therefore, allowing it was meant to secure funds to increase the efficiency
Introduction Dofka defines a composite as a fusion of filler particles and a hard matrix (2013, p. 22). These fragments consist of minute sand, fiber, or flake molecules encircled by the hard matrix that binds the molecules together. This paper embodies absolute documentation of dental composites, types of composites, their distinctive properties, and the pertinent novel materials. Body Dental Composites In the dental realm, dental composites entail a BISGMA acrylic matrix merged with pulverized quartz or glass molecule fillers (Bharti et al. 2012, p. 205). This paste necessitates the addendum of a catalyst to harden the acrylic substance. Ergucua and Turkun (2007, p. 206) point out that the light-cured composites already contain an inherent enzyme that requires an intense beam to capacitate the hardening process. The glass fillers include a silane coupling agent coat that enables a compact union between the fillers and the matrix (Fraunhofer 2010, p. 16). The coupling agents comprise a methacrylic chemical group that copolymerizes with the methacrylate monomers present in the acrylic substance. According to Goldberg (2014, p. 33), dental composites encompass a broad array of dental cement. This cement is also an amalgamation of varied powders and liquids blended. The fluids partially liquefy the powdery specks, thereby, forming a glue-like matrix. Dentists use this amalgam to plaster posts and crowns (Rueggeberg 2011, p. 41). Apart from dental cement, dental composites also constitute synthetic resins made up of monomers such as HexaneDiolDiMethAcrylate and Urethane DiMethacrylate ( Types of fillings 2013). The dentistry profession engages these adhesive resins and restorative materials in its quest for versatility, reparability, mercury reduction, tooth removal, and aesthetics. Goldstein outlines that the resins are very prominent as they are inexpensive, insoluble, aesthetic, and oblivious to dehydration (2010, p. 31). They also incorporate silica and dimethylglyoxime to pull off specified physical traits such as flowability among other concentrations (Demarco 2012, p. 89). Types of Composites The principal objective of the composite application is to capacitate teeth fillings, says Calhoun (2011, p. 19). As Vargas (2008, p. 28) explains, fillings reconstruct the corroded teeth by retouching the decay and establishing that it does not reiterate. Composite procedures entail several stages namely local anesthesias, etchings, polishing, teeth removals, and resin applications. Outlined beneath are the various varieties and categories of composite fillings. Amalgam Amalgam encompasses a concoction of copper, tin, zinc, silver, and mercury, accounting for 50% of the paste (Dodge 2014). Amalgam is an economical tariff composite enlisted to seal the posterior teeth such as the molars and premolars. The non-bond plaster can last for more than ten years, assert Cramer, Stansbury, and Bowman (2011, p. 403). Amalgam fillings are extremely stable and can brave tenacious chewing forces. Dentists can start and finalize the entire fillin
Risk management involves strategies adopted to counter any unexpected events. The events exposed to businesses vary, ranging from those that have significant severity to those that lead to a windfall. As a result, appropriate design of risk management strategies is vital for survival of the business. Company X, a multinational, faces several risks that are a danger to its operations. These risks also compromise the company’s ethical integrity if a contingency plan is not formulated and implemented. Risks exposed to company X Economic fluctuations Economic fluctuations refer to the uncertainties experienced in the market caused by the economic cycles. These cycles consist of four phases, which include boom (prosperity), depression, recession and recovery. Any international client has high possibilities to experience the conditions of the market at any particular phase. In this regard, it is ideal to develop strategic risk management strategies that will cushion one from its repercussions. Initially, the means to identify risks arising from economical instability relates to the nature of currency performance in the international market. Based on previous experience, currency performance follows the pattern of economic cycles (Crouhy et al., 2000). The variation in interest rates depicts changes in trend of the economy. When the interest rates are low among lenders, it is an indication that there is surplus amount of funds among them. In this case, it hampers the investment activities since funds cannot be maximized. On the other hand, when interest rates are high, it portrays an expansion in economic activities. This is ideal for investment. Exchange rates indicate the economic performance of different countries. When the exchange rate level of a country begins to decline, this signifies that the country is performing poorly in the international market. For company X, it is likely to gain in offering its services to international clients in comparison to the international rivals. On the contrary, as the exchange rate appreciates, the company is bound to gain from supply of cheap products to the company. In spite of the challenges posed
Abstract Advertisements are an avenue through which organizations are able to entice their target audience to purchase a commodity or take to a particular initiative. Given that the process is part of a marketing initiative, communication is a key element. In this paper, feminism emerged as one of the most contentious issues revolving around advertising. In the paper, the author discussed how the whole process of advertising and feminism is depicted in print advertisements. The author made comparisons between advertisements in the 1950s and contemporary ones. The objective was to determine whether the issue of feminism has faded away or was just modified to satisfy the opponents. Introduction Advertisements are very important to the progress of any contemporary organization. They act as the interface through which the producers of a given service or commodity interact with their clients (Williamson, 1978). In such cases, the producer intends to entice the client in the best way possible. The intention is to persuade the target audience to consume the service or commodity advertised. Depending on the platform employed by a producer, certain impressions are created through the said advertisements. A successful advertisement will succeed in creating a positive impression on the consumers. The consumers will be convinced to purchase the service or commodity advertised. On the other hand, an advert may end up creating a negative impression among the consumers, discouraging them from consuming the commodity. There are different forms of advertisements that are used by producers to reach out to their consumers. Williamson (1978) suggests that both print and electronic media are avenues used by marketers to carry out campaigns to promote various initiatives, products, and services they offer to consumers. The current paper is written against this background of advertisement campaigns carried out by producers and targeted at consumers. In this paper, a comparison is made between advertisements in the 1950s and modern day advertisements. The consumerism behavior of capitalist North America has been overtaken by events partly due to the dynamic nature of advertisements (Heath & Potter, 2006).The advertisements analyzed and compared in this time frame are for different commodities. The commodities range from fashion and food to entertainment. The advertisements selected have a number of characteristics setting them apart from one another. However, they have one major characteristic that is common to all. The common characteristic is the advertisements’ illustration of feminism in the