ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Reliable and effective media reporting requires the elimination of diction, evading omissions, ensuring verifiability, circumventing selective reporting, and refraining from de-contextualization. However, Arab-Israeli conflict reporting by western media suffered criticisms for having failed to observe these principles (Falk & Friel 2007). The outcome was inaccurate reporting on the role and intention of each party in the conflict. Luntz (2009) asserts that the western media portrays Israel as a nation that deploys force to settle its people in a land that legitimately belongs to the Arabs. The use of language inappropriately coupled with unverifiable reporting, western media portrays Israelis as murderers who target even unarmed peaceful Arabs such as women and children. The outcome is the representation of Israel as the offending party in the Arab- Israeli conflict. Project Israel (2009) calls upon the international community, including the media, to adopt the correct language in discursive forms and reporting on the Arab-Israeli conflict. Central to such conversations, the media must appreciate that both parties have their concerns and rights. However, the western media portrays the conflict as involving Arabs who are fighting for their legitimacy, which is denied by the Israelis. For example, the media fails to put it clear that Israel attacks terror groups such as Hamas to protect its people as a noble responsibility of any state and in line with Israeli sovereign rights for defending itself. Rather, some sections of the media report attacks by groups such as Hezbollah and Hamas as an expression of their feeling about Israeli’s subjugation of the oppressed (Luntz 2009). On such grounds, the notion that attacks, which target Israeli women and children launched by groups such as Hamas are treated as a problem of Israeli’s own making. The Israeli defense forces in collaboration with the government support one of the pros-Israeli groups that are committed to telling the Israeli side of the story over social media platforms. The group comprises student volunteers operating from Herzliya Interdisciplinary Centre (IDC), which is located in northern Tel Aviv. The students compose messages and other details, including diagrams, to overcome the effects of anti-Israeli sentiment posted on social media (Hall 2014). The group claimed in 2014 to have successfully closed a Facebook page that was spreading propaganda engineered by Hamas. Israeli blames the groups for launching rocket attacks targeting Israelis. A Hama’s Military group (al-Qassam Brigade) operates Twitter accounts that have injured children and/or dead children graphics. They also highlight prepared rockets ready for launching in response to attacks that lead to the injuries or death of children (Hall 2014). In contrast, efforts to tell Israel about the conflict via strategies such as those launched by IDC are dismissed as government propaganda. Therefore, the western media portra
Healthcare is essential in every society since it influences the physical wellness of the population (Rebelo, 2007). The provision of medical services is determined by the availability of financial resources which are always scarce (Cox, Pacola, Vercellotti, & Shea, 2004). Consequently, the government and the private sector have used different policies to enhance access to healthcare. This has led to the evolution of healthcare economics as the costs for accessing medication shift from one sector of the economy to the other (Rebelo, 2007). The evolution of healthcare economics is attributed to improvements in technology, medical research and socio-political factors (Rebelo, 2007). Supply and Demand for Healthcare Supply refers to the amount of goods and services that sellers are willing to bring to the market at a given price (Rebelo, 2007). Demand refers to the amount of goods and services that buyers are willing and able to buy (Rebelo, 2007). In the past centuries, the provision/ supply of healthcare services was limited by lack of proper technology that would enable physicians to treat various illness (Rebelo, 2007). Thus the American Medical Association was formed in 1884 to promote medical research with the aim of developing new methods of treatment (Rebelo, 2007). The association was also responsible for formulating the standards that were to be used by all medical practitioners (Rebelo, 2007). Technological advancement in the 19 th century and 20 th century led to the development of new treatment methods and the manufacture of various medicinal drugs. Consequently, there has been a great increase in the supply of medical services. There was low demand during the great depression as well as during the Second World War. Majority of citizens were not able to access healthcare due to lack of financial resources. Macroeconomics and Microeconomics Macroeconomics relates to the expenditure of the government and the productivity of the economy. Microeconomics relates to the activities of firms and the factors that affect their operations. In the 18 th century, “citizens paid 100% of their medical bills” (Cox, Pacola, Vercellotti, & Shea, 2004) out of their pockets. After the Second World War the government began to give financial support to the sick especially the elderly and children. The support was in the form of building hospitals and provision of affordable drugs (Rebelo, 2007). In the 19 th century health insurance was introduced to help in minimizing costs asso
What are the first and most common associations with refugees trying to integrate into society? For someone, that means enthusiastic labor force, who do any job willingly so that they have a chance not to return to their, apparently, troubled homeland. By contrast, someone else would see a mob of rude, non-intellectual individuals who only waste resources. In practice, meanwhile, both sides are right, but partly, as the integration is a prolonged process that has different effects at different stages. Right after their arrival, asylum seekers need intensive support, which does have a negative effect on the economy as well as the service sector of the host country. Notably, the latter has to provide everyone with a proper dwelling, sufficient food, and access to affordable healthcare. This requires extra spendings and, consequently, overloads the public budget, especially if there is a constant influx of immigrants. Furthermore, the sphere of service provision finds itself under pressure as well, which makes the refugees live under poor conditions and compromises the service quality for the locals. This phenomenon is known as a refugee crisis, which is currently the strongest in several African states, including Ethiopia, Niger, the Central African Republic, and others. For developing countries, unrestricted immigration bears a substantially more serious threat, which determines the worldwide attention to the problem. By contrast, a positive effect of refugees, which usually remains unconsidered, is that they contribute to the aggregate demand of the host country. Simply stated, there emerges a bigger need for goods and services since it grows together with the number of consumers. Subsequently, the supply has to rise as well, which, in turn, adds to the disposable income of native workers, resulting from increased production volumes. Intensive immigration may have cultural effects as well, which can be favorable or not, depending on the context of a particular situation. Thus, on condition that the integration has been successful, newcomers influence the diversity of the host country positively; in other words, they enrich it. By contrast, in case the refugees are not willing to respect and follow the local traditions and regulations, sociocultural consequences will most probably be negative. That happened, for instance, in Qatar, which is temporarily hosting several thousands of Afghans who have fle
Introduction An immigrant is a person who possesses the nationality in one nation, but gets into another country, to obtain an undeviating habitation. A person qualifies as an immigrant only if they had been citizens in one nation, but chose to move to another country to live there forever. This arises from different reasons. This makes the legal immigrants permanent members of the country of their intended permanent stay. Immigration into North America started in the sixteenth century. People moved from all over the world, including the European countries, into America. Other places are the African nations who got taken because of slavery, the Caribbean, and the Asian nations. In the past, they moved for various reasons such as; search for better living, escape from religious persecution, land related squabbles, and population outburst. However, up until now, migration into the Northern United States still counts for the greater majority. Historically, these immigrants faced a host of quandary. Challenges the Immigrants Faced This study will assess the history of America majorly, as opposed to just a few flips into other nations. However, there is a disclaimer that immigrants tend to face rather similar predicaments globally. These immigrants came from different parts of the world to America. According to scholars, immigrants faced a lot of dilemmas in their quest to shift places of residence (Deutsch, 2006). Different groups of immigrants faced various challenges that were mostly pertinent to them. Following is an analysis of these challenges; Most of them confronted with racial segregation. Majority of the American citizens did not like them, and so discriminated against them. The discrimination on immigrants was on the basis of their skin color and accent. “The ‘colored’ was the name given to them. Moreover, most of the inhabitants perceived that the immigrants were there to take their positions at their places of work. As opposed to the facade painted by most pictures of the vulnerable, poor, sickly, and emaciated fellows, some of these immigrants were healthy, exuded confidence, strong, and well learned men and women. This was a threat to the natives. Additionally, some of them thought that the immigrants did not express regard for the American cultures, custo
Surface Product   * The surface is an electronic tablet that Microsoft introduced in the fall of 2012.   * The tablet uses a Windows operating system that supports Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote. Brand Strategy   * Microsoft should create multiple products from the Surface Tablet product with different colorations, sizes, and features.   * This will create an environment of its competition and block other competitors from encroaching into the company’s market.   * These sub-products will be differentiated by features, prices, and the difference in quality (Belch, Michael, Gayle, and Irene 31).   * This strategy will be successful towards dominance as it offers a variety of options to consumers.   * At the same time, it will maximize the benefits of economies of scale. Product Strategy   * Microsoft should add its music database for the Surface Product.   * This would allow users to store their music on their Microsoft tablets and phones more easily.   * This feature could propel the Microsoft tablet to the next level.   * If the Surface product becomes more musically compatible, this tablet would perform well in the market above its competitors.   * Thus, the ‘Spotify’ feature in this product should be modified to become a music store. Pricing Strategy   * The Microsoft Company should adopt Multiple pricing strategies for the corporate market segment.   * Multiple pricing strategies promise a discount to the corporate segment who purchase in large quantity.   * Besides, the company should adopt a “good-better-best” pricing strategy.   * The price of the Surface product will increase with slight changes that are made to the product.   * Lastly, the company may consider penetration pricing.   * The product may be sold for a value lower than the $890 price tag to attract customers. Supporting marketing program   * The company should segment and differentiate its ‘young adults market’ along with consumer-based market segmen
Introduction In spite of the number of juvenile crimes going down, many adolescents still participate in unlawful activities (Wiesner & Silbereisen, 2003). Juveniles engage in a number of criminal activities. The activities range from petty theft, slay, riotous conduct, to destruction. In 2001, four percent of the juvenile delinquencies comprised of brutal crimes while 23.8 percent comprised of physical attack (Wiesner & Silbereisen, 2003). The American government has improved the majority of the incarceration facilities to make sure that juvenile reprobates do not escape. Parents contribute to the increase in number of juvenile delinquencies across the globe. They do this either directly or indirectly. This paper will discuss how parents contribute to juvenile delinquency and measures that can help to avert the rise in number of juvenile crimes. How parents contribute to juvenile delinquency Parents act as exemplars to their children. Simons et al. argue, “When parents are held in high esteem and are the main sources for reinforcement, their children are likely to model them” (1991, p. 646). This implies that, if parents embrace decorum in all they do, their children would also carry themselves with decorum. However, if parents engage in negative behaviors, it would be hard to prevent children from partaking in the same. Moreover, children would possibly associate the entire community with such behaviors, hence, becoming hard to correct them. Barnes, Hoffman, and Welte (2006) identify parental support as one of the factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency. Parental support refers to manner in which a parent brings up a child. Parents that do not allow their children to play with their neighbors, or discourage their children from associating with particular families lead to the children developing a negative attitude towards the families. Eventually, the attitude degenerates to prejudices leading to children loathing the families. Children start identifying certain features of their individuality long before going to school. They develop nosiness about hair color, complexion, and other aspects that distinguish them from other children. If not assisted to cope with these differences, the children start acting with prejudice towards their colleagues at an early age. At five years old, children are able to disting
Introduction Paul Laurence Dunbar in his poem “We Wear the mask” describes the condition of the African Americans during his time. He describes the senseless and inhuman treatment of African Americans. The ‘We’ in this poem has however been misunderstood to describe humanity. This interpretation is not correct upon reading the poem against other works or poems by Paul Laurence Dunbar such as “Sympathy” and considering the context of the poem. Analysis of “We Wear the Mask” In this poem, Dunbar describes the manner in which Blacks hide their real emotions and outwardly remain indifferent to the cruelties they encounter as slaves or in oppression. The proper understanding of the ‘we’ is therefore taken to address the conditions of the African Americans. The whites treat the African Americans badly by the whites and therefore they choose to hide their real feelings and pretend to be contented with the treatment they are getting from the whites. In the first stanza, the mask that Dunbar talks about is the mask that hides the real feelings and thoughts of the African Americans. In the line “why should the world be otherwise?’’ Dunbar questions why there cannot be otherwise in the conditions facing African Americans. This can be their freedom or a fair treatment where they will no longer have the need to pretend and can be able to express their real feelings. Dunbar questions the conditions further by asking the thing that the African Americans did to deserve the treatment they get from the other people who have enslaved them and further exposing them to harsh oppressive conditions. The African Americans have devised a way of getting back at their oppressors by having a vague face and a smile on their faces that does not necessarily reflect their inner emotions and their thoughts. By doing this, their oppressors will see them as really cooperating by being the caricatures that they want them to be. It should however not be underscored that the blacks not only hid their feelings, frustrations, and anger from the whites but also from each other. This is because society never cared about their feelings. The poem combines a desperate tone as well as optimism. The poem’s desperate tone stands out through the feelings of the African American during a period in time when the others failed to consider them as human beings. They received a slave-like treatment taken with others using them as animals for instance their masters who never cared about their emotions. Dunbar in the line ‘With torn and bleeding hearts we smile, And a mouth with myriad subtleties’ portrays the suffering that was underneath but that was effectively concealed under the mask by the blacks. Considering the fact that Dunbar’s parents were slaves, it is of great importance to see the desperation that he portrays in this poem as connected to his personal situation. While their hearts seem filled with pain and are broken, the only thing they could have thought about is how they would effectively conceal these emotions, as exposing them would not help their situations. Optimism about the possibility of one day cha
Executive Summary Management of global relations is very important for any company that is anticipating to carry out its operations in a global scope. In the view of the stiff competition created by the global marketing participants, it is good to put structures in place that will see that there is not only development of such relationships but also there is adequate management of the same. The following brief report tries to examine how Apple Inc. Company that is operating in an electronic industry can develop global relationship in a foreign marketing region, Russian Federation and to what extend it can benefit from those relationships. The reasons behind the establishment of such relationships and the best possible strategies that can be applied are thereby expounded in this report. Furthermore, the justification for establishment of such relationships is comprehensively provided in the report. The report also looks at the reasons why Russian Federation is a potential business operating zone giving highlights of some of the business and marketing opportunities available in the region. As it will be observed in the report, the development and management of good relationships can encounter some challenges that may threaten the company’s operations in the chosen country. In the event that Apple Inc. Company encounters a marketing crisis like the one witnessed when the company’s appointed logistic company fails to deliver goods to the customer as agreed, the remedial measures that need to be taken are analyzed and how best Apple Company can prevent such a crisis from occurring in future. In brief, the company needs to have adequate mechanism for handling not only marketing crisis but also any other crisis that is likely to affect the performance of the company. Introduction With the increasing global competition, any marketing participant needs to maintain foreign and global relations that are sufficient to enable an enterprise secure a significant market share in the industry. The success of all the business entities is dependent on its relations with the outsiders since a firm cannot operate in isolation; that is it needs support from various stakeholders for instance the firm’s suppliers of various materials (Vernon 1966, p.194). The relationship also targets the entity’s customers and
Uses Topical anesthesia is a local anesthesia that is mainly used to numb an external area of our skin. Its use helps in controlling the pain, which is associated with certain procedures, which require laceration repair. It is used to avoid using local anesthesia injections, which cause a lot of pain. It can be used for relieving itching and pain caused by small cuts, poisonous plants, insect stings and bites, minor burns and sunburns, skin eruptions, like in chickenpox, and scratches. It can also be used in optometry and ophthalmology for numbing the surface around the eye. Certain topical anesthetics, like oxybuprocaine, can also be used in otolaryngology. Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery or MSICS also uses topical anesthesia. It is used in various mucous membrane and skin conditions. It is sometimes also used as a local analgesia on undamaged skin. It is also used for numbing the inner side of our nose, throat, ear, genital area and anus. (Mace, 2005) Topical anesthesia is also used for minimizing the discomfort and pain experienced during a routine hysteroscopy by endometrial biopsy, which diagnoses infertility and in endometrial pathology. It is sometimes also used to determine whether the pain felt by the patient is coming from the surface of his body or from inside of his body which the tropical anesthesia is not able to touch. Topical anesthesia is available as jellies, lotions, ointments, aerosols, patches, sprays and creams. Some topical anesthetics are – tetracaine, proparacaine, oxybuprocaine, benzocaine, proxymetacaine, pramoxine, lidocaine, dibucaine and butamben. Depth of penetration The depth of penetration for the topical anesthetics typically ranges from 2 to 4 mm, plus or minus 1 mm. (Mace, 2005) Oraqix and Dentipatch Oraqix is a non-injectable local anesthetic gel, which has been specifically designed and used for Scaling / Root Planning (SRP) procedures in dentistry. It looks like a liquid and comes in 1.7 gm dental carpules. It has been marked as a periodontal gel and its each carpule contains 2.5 % of prilocaine and 2.5 % of lidocaine, i.e. they are in a 1:1 weight ratio, and thermosetting agents. Unlike other local anesthetics that have to be injected, Oraqix has to be applied around the perio