ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Information competence is one of the main life-long skills and competencies in a modern world that is crucial for a leader. A leader is required to be informed about all issues pertaining leadership (Turusheva, 2009). With regard to information literacy, information can only be acquired if a leader is studious and reads many scholarly works to gain knowledge that would be of great significance to him or her, and the people he or she would be influencing. A leader who does not have academic background could appear unfit to be a boss (Turusheva, 2009). He or she would not be equipped with information that would be vital in solving issues that could arise in the workplace. A leader without scholarly background would appear disobedient. This would be for the reason that he or she would not be aware of the existing laws and ethical aspects. Lack of ethics implies that he or she would encounter challenges in relating to his or her juniors in the workplace (Turusheva, 2009). A person in charge would find it easy to utilize new technologies that would be essential in promoting efficiency and improving performance outcomes. Thus, a practitioner who lacks a scholarly background would appear to be unconscious of time and not keen on efficiency in an organization. Scholarly leaders find it easy to obtain, examine, and use information in his or her department (Turusheva, 2009). Evaluation of data leads to solving of problems before they develop into challenges. A director may experience difficulties in presenting quality information in a meeting if he or she would not be academic. He or she would find it hard to organize ideas during presentations, making him or her appear confused and not focused. Thus, he or she would not be helpful in relation to guiding organizations to realize excellent performance outcomes. To produce the best goods and services in a firm, workers should be treated with respect and care. Leadership refers to social influence that a person has over others. A study conducted by Jones and colleagues (2012) to investigate how leadership skills are demonstrated found that they are experienced through tangible and intangible support from both seniors and juniors in the workplace. Leadership skills are significant in any organization (Jones et al., 2012). In relation to information literacy, a practitioner without leadership abiliti
There is continuing conflict between banks that want free rein to maximize earnings from their own equity and their depositors’ money and the governments they run to for bailout funds when things turn sour. At this year’s World Economic Forum jamboree in Davos, Switzerland, heads of the world’s biggest banks touched base with political leaders and each other, protesting the calls by Presidents Obama and Sarkozy (of France) for stricter laws to combat the financial speculation, desire for unlimited deregulation, unrepentant awarding of bonuses to themselves, accounting legerdemain and other excesses that had cost the OECD governments trillions of dollars in bailout funds since the current recession started. And there is no light at the end of the tunnel yet. The lingering recession was precipitated by unwise (on hindsight) involvement in sub-prime mortgages earlier in the decade and spun out of control with trans-Atlantic speculation in “mortgage-backed securities”. When the market collapsed and the liquidity crisis of US banks emerged full blown in the second semester of 2007, many sectors of the economy contracted and plunged first the nation and then its principal trading partners into the worst recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The U.S. Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and national central banks are estimated to have injected at least $4 trillion dollars by buying up money-losing assets and acquiring preferred stock in banks. The toll on financial institutions was severe and even long-established institutions failed. Arguing that the ripple effects would be far worse if the largest banks closed, the USA government bought out AIG, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The Fed also had a hand in letting Bear Sterns, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Washington Mutual, and Wachovia either close their doors or endure sell-outs to peers in the industry. All told, 23 American banks failed in 2008 and almost as many, 21, closed their doors in 2009. In January 2010 alone, just as many were quietly shuttered. In large part, the lesson one draws from the sorry tales of derivatives trading –mortgage-backed securities (MBS), collateralized debt obligations (CDO), credit default swaps (CDS) all finally liquidated at as little as five cents on the dollar – was how little attention bankers paid to risk appraisal and pricing. The magnitude of trillion-dollar subsidies, loans and buyouts has spilled over to the political arena. At Bretton Woods in 1944, the victors of World War II and
Contemporary industrial and economic processes have been observed to promote the acquisition of raw materials without thinking about the integrity of the natural environments. Within the past three centuries, forces of industrialization and capitalism have triggered various economic models that focus on consumption without protecting the integrity of the natural environment. These developments have catalyzed various concepts aimed at promoting the level of sustainability, such a corporate social responsibility (CSR) and circular economy. These initiatives have the potential to support the goals of many companies, attract additional customers and eventually deliver positive results. This paper uses the case of Du to understand the nature of CSR engagements and their implications on corporate financial performance. A detailed literature analysis will also be presented in this document to support the intended arguments and observations. Sustainability Initiatives and Financial Performance: Summary of Academic Papers The issue of CSR has remained critical within the past two decades due to the problems of climate change and global warming. The first research paper for this discussion is “The Effects of Environmental Disclosure on Financial Performance in Malaysia”. Nor, Bahari, Adnan, Kamal, and Ali (2016) begin by indicating that many companies in Malaysia have been on the frontline to pursue the concept of sustainability. This tactic h
Introduction The course provides the learner with the skill of identifying and analyzing major trends and developments in international security. By the end of the course, the student is expected to have familiarized himself or herself with the EU policies, laws, and plans, particularly those that affect people, governments, and companies. Through the international skills course, the student will be expected to develop skills that are pertinent in managing the interests of professionals from businesses, organizations, and governments in politically sensitive environments. Finally, the course equips the learner with the expertise of selecting credible partners to work with across the globe. Preparation for the Course The international relations discourse is heavily involved in interactions with foreign nationals. This situation has prompted me to improve my skills in Arabic and French languages. In addition, due to the need to appreciate different cultures, I have opted to study different histories such as the American accounts in addition to behavioral sciences such as sociology. The accounts have helped me to have a better perspective of the sources of human conflict in the political arena (Prady, Dorff, Kauffman, & Smith, 2001). I have also engaged myself in preliminary studies of international law and philosophy, which have provided me with a solid foundation for my learning experience during the course of my study. Assignments Policy Recommendation/Memo A policy recommendation is a document that provides an analysis and/or recommendations for a specific target audience that concerns a particular problem or situation. Preparing the document requires one to determine the target. Nonetheless, this process is usually well stipulated by the hiring organization. This assignment required me to learn how to organize an effective memo, right from its introduction to its style and formatting, thereby providing me with the skills of writing a clear and concise memo and in short notice that is convincing to the targeted audience through proper structuring of thoughts. Preparing Talk Points for a Minister’s Meeting This assignment taught me how to prepare talk points for ministers’ meeting in short notice through identifying the fundamental points that I intend to make during a dialogue with the ministers. In addition, the assignment also made me appreciate the importance of identifying the talking points such as allowing me to anticipate issues that may arise to provide their appropriate responses (Rana, 2002). Strengths and Weaknesses for the Course Strengths The course was very effective and useful. I learned many diplomatic skills such as how to write and deliver a speech. For instance, I was able to prepare an effective 3-minute speech by applying tips such as communication hierarchy that created understanding, reinforced values, changed attitudes, and elicited actions, including thinking about my ethos, pathos, and logos, and learning how to u
Introduction School partnerships involving community and other stakeholders are an essential approach of addressing the diverse needs of the school community. Effective school administrators and principals collaborate with community members, families, and the business community to mobilize community resources in order to meet the diverse community needs and interests. School principals should aim at establishing relationships or networks within and outside the school. Often, family conditions influence student learning in school settings. Thus, the principal should identify the resources; that is, families, community members, and business, which can support learning in the school. An optimal approach of promoting school-community collaboration involves blending the school resources with the local community and family resources. The collaborations encompass various community agencies and organizations including community-based organizations, civic and religious groups, libraries and local parks, businesses, individuals and post-secondary institutions within the community (Adelman, & Taylor, 2006, p. 123). The intent is to establish strong school-community and family connections for learning, recreation, support, and enrichment. Additionally, communication of the school’s core priorities and vision for the community fosters a positive school image. This facilitates collaborations with the various community agencies and organizations. Establishing long-term connections requires an integrated approach that addresses the barriers to learning and links services, enrichment and recreation activities in schools. It requires system-wide changes that facilitate sharing of learning resources and responsibilities between the school, family and the community stakeholders. School-family-community collaborations require a mechanism for sharing resources and tasks among the stakeholders. Importance of Family-School-Community collaborations Schools and learning institutions are situated in communities. However, often, there is little connection between schools and families or communities in the neighborhood. Nevertheless, the schools, families and the community, as entities, affect each other in one way or another. Additionally, these entities share common goals regarding socialization and education of the children. Thus, schools principals, families and communities must work together to promote student learning and address the barriers to effective learning (Bostingl, 2001, p. 72). In particular, issues of safety, crime, child development and learning as well as poverty or economic status of families are interrelated and require concerted efforts involving all stakeholders. Academic performance is enhanced when schools become an integral part of the community. Additionally, the collaborations contribute to staff motivation, reduced discipline problems, and proper utilization of resources. The community entities can also promote socialization, strengthen family-community life, and address social pr
Radisson Hotels are located in a number of the developed countries in the world. What are the peculiarities of their management strategy? How are these features connected with the local peculiarities and problems which can be experienced in Radisson Hotels all over the world? The main problem which is connected with the features of the management in Radisson Hotels in Dubai depends on the high level of business competition within the industry in the region. It is also associated with the issues of the hotel management and the programs of the customers’ support. The problem of the high level of business competition in the field of hotel industry which can be observed in Dubai influences the position of Radisson Hotels in the range of the most successful hotels of the country and of the world. The major aspects of the problem are connected with the elements of the general program of improving the principles of management and service in Radisson Hotels and with the peculiarities of their realization in Dubai. To improve the quality of the service and realize the contemporary tendencies in the management processes, the program of cooperation with the customers and employees were worked out in Radisson Hotels. The main principles of the program were directed to increasing the quality of service with using the results of the customers’ feedbacks and to implementing modern strategies in the work with employees. The main idea of the program’s realization was in providing guarantees for the service of the highest level and in orienting on the customers’ satisfaction with the peculiarities of the service and the work of the personnel. According to the program, definite procedures and measurements were made. The managers and economists of Radisson Hotels in Dubai have analyzed the first results of the strategy which was used in the hotels and concluded that the pr
Companies may define the notion of organization differently because of their varied approaches toward culture and structure. Such multinational corporations as Starbucks have worked for decades to establish the definition of an organization that will serve as the framework according to which it will operate. As mentioned in the company’s mission statement, Starbucks aims to “inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time” while its vision is to “treat people like family, and they will be loyal and give their all” (“Our company,” 2020). Therefore, the company defines an organization as a structure that creates a culture of belonging in which everyone works toward the same goal. Because an organization calls for the unit of people that is structured to meet collective goals, Starbucks’ approach fits this definition as the company works on delivering the best that it does, holding its workers and managers accountable for the results and goals attained. Such an approach fits best with contingency theory that acknowledges the interdependence between organizational parts while also stating that there is no best way for organizing such parts. Starbucks has been shown to adapt its strategy based on changing customer demands and the needs of the market. Despite the flexibility of the organizational structure, the company has been dedicated to the same mission and vision that allows for providing the same high quality of services to clients. In addition, the dedication to high quality enables Starbucks to implement global initiatives, such as the Global Social Impact strategy that entails the ethical sourcing of high-quality products. Overall, as an organization, Starbucks creates an environment of inclusion and accountability in which workers and customers share the same vision and values. Reference Our company . (2020). Starbucks.
Introduction Oxygen is a very vital element in our lives because it helps our bodies function properly and without it, we cannot survive. At some points in our lives, we experience low levels of oxygen especially due to exposure to toxic materials and emotional and physical disturbances. Low levels of oxygen in the atmosphere and poor diet also cause oxygen deficiency. Another major cause is inadequate exercise. All these factors are a threat to the ability of the body to carry oxygen thus promoting the development of cancerous cells. It thus follows that any kind of remedy that increases oxygen levels and function in the human body helps to protect the body against the development of cancer. Cancerous cells develop in high acidic and low oxygen conditions. The reversal of these two conditions can, thus, serve as a remedy for cancer. Cancer is simply the decrease of oxygen in body cells to levels low enough to allow for a change in the nature of the cells (Neiman, 2005, p. 1). The potential energy present in the foods we take is converted to useful energy by the oxygen present in the body cells. When oxygen levels decrease in body cells, the concentration of carbon dioxide escalates promoting fermentation which is an essential process in providing energy needs for the development of cancer cells (Sircus, 2009, p. 1). In most cases, oxygen levels are reduced due to build-up of toxic materials around the cells blocking the normal mechanism for cellular respiration. The buildup of acid wastes slowly corrodes the body tissues and eats up arteries and veins thus hindering the flow of blood and that of oxygen as well. The building blocks of cells, fatty acids as well as minerals such as magnesium are essential in promoting the exchange of oxygen in the body. Oxygen as a remedy for cancer Though not medically proven, oxygen has been promoted as a form of therapy to treat cancer based on its ability to cause the destruction of cancer cells which have a lower rate of respiration compared to that of normal body cells. Exposure of cancer cells to high levels of oxygen destroys them since they grow best in environments with low oxygen levels. However, it has been proven that the growth of cancer cells cannot be prevented by the provision of oxygen in the body tissues. The reaction of cancer cells towards chemotherapy depends on the level of oxygen concentration in the body tissues with resistance increasing with an increase in oxygen levels and vice versa. The acidic condition caused by low levels of oxygen can be reversed by using body fluids with higher ph especially water to neutralize the acid. Another way of reducing acid levels is through the administration of alkalizing agents such as bicarbonate elements. The levels of these and other remedies for acidic conditions, however, are controlled to prevent the accumulation of acid residues. The most appropriate remedy is sodium bicarbonate which is less expensive and most effective in the destruction of cancer cells (Sircus, 2009, p. 1). Another very important
Introduction Scientific innovation and inventions have lead to development in technology; one major use of technology within businesses is communication and integration of processes and departments. An ERP system is a computer application that integrates different departments within an organization into one system that allows real-time information transmission. Traditionally, different departments used to have their own computer systems that were not integrated into one system; ERP is an improvement of the traditional computer system aims at having an entire organization or some related departments linked into one system. The systems is a conglomeration of different systems and procedures in an organization, for example the system a company with three departments have the departments linked to the same process such that when something has been put in the system, anybody with computer entry rights within the organization can see the post (O’Leary 12-56). This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of adopting an ERP system and evaluates the systems currently in the market. To understand how the system works better, let take an example of how an order is processed with the traditional system and with an ERP system. Traditional system   * At the selling point, which is mostly in the forefront office, a customer makes an order; the order is keyed in the computer with the specific details.   * The seller, then passes the documents to the store departments who confirms whether the products ordered are available (the warehousing department has to capture the details of the order).   * The order then is passed to the paying section, where the price that the buyer will pay is calculated and the buyer is advised on costs accordingly (data of payments are captured).   * After payments, the order is then passed to the delivery department for the delivery of the products. ERP system If the order was to is processed using an ERP system, then the buyer after placing the order will have the details keyed at the selling point. At this point, he will be advised o the pay and whether the commodities are available as well as how they can be delivered to him. The quick attendance is possible because the attendant at the selling point can pull information from the warehousing database, the pric
Introduction Education has always been regarded as a significant part of the life of every individual. People had developed a particular understanding of education since the first civilizations appeared. Nowadays, primary education is mandatory for children in most of the countries. This necessity is predetermined by the fact that the individual should have the education to become a full value member of society. Also, education is vital for both personal and professional growth. The importance of education cannot be overestimated because it improves one’s potential and knowledge, promotes the development of society, and enhances the understanding of the surrounding world. Understanding the notion of education As it has been already mentioned, education became an important part of life since the beginning of humanity. Every epoch and civilization, starting from the Antiquity, shared the particular understanding of the notion of education and relationship between teachers and students. For example, the Ancient Greek understanding of the relationships between educators and learners may be described as follows: “The instructor is not noticeably older than the boys, but they appear to give him the respect and deference that would be due an honored teacher” (Austin 7). Such view of the learning process demonstrates the belief that the relationships between teachers and students should be based on the mutual respect. However, other ancient civilizations shared different views. Hsun Tsu, a disciple of Confucius, saw education as a strict process of alternation. “He compared the process of educating a child to the process of straightening a piece of wood against a board or sharpening a piece of metal with a stone” (Austin 8). Such an approach is more teacher-centered in comparison to the other. Understanding of the notion of education is connected with its definition as well. In Wikipedia, education is defined as “the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits” (“Education” par. 1). Such understanding of education usually presupposes that the individual studies at school or any other educational establishment to receive particular knowledge. Austin writes about Okakok’s argument that the word “education” should not be used interchangeably with the word “schooling” (79). The author writes that people are tended to speak about an educated person when they mean somebody who has received an official education. “Since all of our traditional knowledge and