ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Orson Scott Card is an outstanding and widely recognized master of the science-fiction literature genre. His main ability which is highly valued by his admirers is transforming his remarkable scientific knowledge into a literature text. In the following paper, I have my goal to observe the way Orson Scott Card transforms scientific knowledge into a literary text in his book “Ender’s Game”. First of all, the story plot of the book should be taken into consideration to understand what scientific facts may be put in requisition in it. “Ender’s Game” relates the story of a six-year Ender Wiggin who possesses unique abilities which the global government is going to make use of in the war with the Formics aliens. The card describes the very essence of Ender’s existence with the words: “It was what I was born for, isn’t it? If I don’t go, why am I alive?” (37). When Wiggin along with the other companions of his are getting ready for the military operation against the aliens numerous increasingly difficult exercises are applied. The novel mainly covers the preparation events taking place in the Battle School. There are numerous cases when Card resorts to the use of scientific knowledge transformation in “Ender’s Game”. First of all, the conception of aliens’ nation should be considered. Card applied the whole row of biological facts describing the way this nation develops and forms new abilities and mechanisms. His knowledge of biology is solid and all the developments of the alien ant-like nation are connected with the real facts from biology science. The other piece of information from the field of biological science which is transformed in Card’s novel is Anton’s Key. Anton’s Key is a human DNA code; however, it is modified to allow people to show superhuman abilities. For example, this code encourages the constant development of new neurons which makes it possible to have ever-increasing thinking abilities, unlimited memory, physical dexterity, and language acquisition. Descolada, the fictional virus is another example from biology science found in the novel. This sophisticated life form is capable of modifying itself and may infect any other beings. The other huge piece of scientific information is applied by the writer when speaking about the weapons applied in the Battle School. One of the weapons is the Molecular Disruption Device. Considering this intricate device it should be noticed that Card largely bases his logic on the conception of the covalent and ionic atomic bonding which causes chain reaction among the molecules producing such strong energy that its destructive power can be used to destroy such big objects as ships, fleets, and even planets. Thus Card shows his understanding of the field of chemistry. Numerous cases when Card demonstrates a significant understanding of ph
Introduction When a test professes to be accurate at making an estimate of potential lifespan of an individual the test should at least be expected to have excelled in a battery of tests to confirm the effectiveness of the test. More so since the use of this apparatus is very likely to cause negative effect on issues such as insurance, loans and other financial services. The fact that a correlation exists between some physical aspects of the human body and length of life is not adequate to allow for uncontrolled testing of individuals and it is the goal of this report to provide some arguments against the public sale and use of the test. Body Consider the problem of diseases such as cancers where depending on various factors doctors are able predict the length of time the victim has to live. Despite arriving at these conclusions based on relative damage that the body has already undergone and the potential to overcome the consequences the doctors still make attempts to save life and prescribe chemotherapy and other treatments. In such cases it has been reported on numerous occasions that patient attitude and changes in lifestyle have seen the body bounce back and the life expectancy increase and surpass initial expectations. This is because science has found that there is always some possibility that the preservation of life is crucial. If in such cases where there are visible signs that clearly indicate a reduction in life expectancy doctors still make therapeutic attempts, why should a test that will refute such therapy be allowed to be put on sale to the public. It goes without saying that the correlation between telomeres and life expectancy alone is not adequate grounds allow such a product into the public domain until much more testing has been done. Consider a case where lifestyle preferences are the major cause of shortening of telomeres. Who is to say if there is a change in lifestyle normal growth of telomeres may resume. Second let us consider the possible impact of allowing the sale of this test in the public domain. As we know insurance and assurance policies are based on pooling of risks. It goes without saying that if such a test were to be sold to the public insurance companies may begin to make it a mandatory requirement before issuing a policy. Just as is the case with insurance consider issues such as taking a mortgage or another form of credit from a financial institution. Just as is the case with insurance banks and financial institutions would almost immediately begin to use it as a mandatory requirement. What is worse is that once the test has been approved for public use there will be no way for an individual to lay a claim against the results. The end result of such a test going public appears to be more likely to cause harm than good. Conclusion The above points have led to the conclusion that the drug should not be used or sold in public. Making a comparison with other regular over the counter drugs, it is not uncommon for these over the counter drugs to undergo clinical trials on various species an
Introduction Investing in business activities is very easy when an individual has adequate capital and will to venture in income generating activities. However, this is usually not the only guarantee that a business will manage to dominate the available market (Tolliver 77). This essay describes a discussion between the researcher and a manager of a company to explain ways of improving its mission statement to promote sales. Background Liberty Tax Services is a company that offers financial services to its clients and makes profit through its tax related activities. Its mission statement is somewhat a layman’s approach to issues that trouble people every year as they struggle to file and submit their tax returns. In addition, it is necessary to explain that this statement is backed by other phrases that seem to entertain rather than inform its clients about the services offered by this company. This essay describes an interview conducted to establish the reasons why the management of this company decided to ignore all norms and jokingly use phrases that seem to belittle the quality of services offered by this company. The discussion was held between the researcher and manager or this company. Interview with the Manager The mission statement of Liberty Tax Services is a clear declaration that this company is set to establish friendship with its clients and make them enjoy its services. There were numerous stickers and notices on the walls of this company that invited clients to want to know more about how it manages to smile even though this is not a conventional way of doing business. The secretary was happy to greet and welcome clients to her table and assured them that they were at the right place. I was allowed to see Mr. Simon Njogu, the manager, and after we shook hands he told me that I did not have to address him using his title (the manager). This surprised me as I wondered how such a big company could have a modest chief executive officer. He rushed to his desk and grabbed a diary while explaining to me that food was getting cold. I later understood that he was referring to my presence as food and that he should serve me before I became impatient. He was a busy person and so I had to book an appointment with him and submit my questions before that day. He appreciated the fact that people critiqued this company about its mission statement and said that it did not portray seriousness in the provision of quality services. He was quick to downplay this belief and claimed that
Introduction Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation program developed in 1984from a soft aware that used bullet lists and overhead projectors. It allows the user to create slides, handouts and notes. The slide shows can incorporate text, graphics, videos and animations fully agree with Edward Tufte. In that PowerPoint is an antisocial setup where the speaker dominates the audience by highlighting the main points to followers in bullets form. The slides should be used by the speaker to outline their talks but not merely to summarize their content. PowerPoint promotes format over content that brings about commercialization rather than an educative presentation. The time used for presenting Edward Tufte (2000) in his assessment of the NASA reports the report was classified into 3 reports totaling up to twenty-eight slides. According to the psychology of presentation skills the first fifteen minutes are the most crucial minutes of the presentation as after that people become boring and tiring and therefore their level of concentration lowered. Summative Headings The captivating headings diminish the existence of subtitles and rest of the text. The presenters captivate on impressing the general audience with titles by using different font sizes, color underlined and bolded and therefore pull the reader away from the most important features in the slides and therefore the engineers overlooked the reports by Boeing Corporation engineers. The styles of writing Genevieve Liang (2000) mostly affect the students in the elementary school whereby they do exercises and then post them through the internet. It mostly consisting of ten to twenty summative words. This inhibits flawlessness in essays and therefore should be discouraged and students encouraged to use better software like Microsoft windows which allows the use of full sentences and the teachers can be able to know whether a certain concept was understood. A statistical way of analyzing data Visual reasoning is more effective when important information is put together for comparison purposes. The more the information is detailed the more the understanding and clarity. This is important in fundamental analyses of statistical data. After the completion of my undergraduate studies I went for my internship in one of the research companies. I was sent to one of the provinces for a three months research on the factors contributing to the widespread of a certain disease so I prepared well and did my research in good time and prepared my slide show well but in presentation I was confused in my interpretation of my graphs and charts as there not clear there was a mix up between the vertical and the horizontal axis’ and couldn’t elaborate on my conclusions and findings. Conclusion Powerpoint is a good slide manager and a projector, but has been misused in that PowerPoint should be used to supplement a presentation rather than take over the whole presentation. Compliment PowerPoint presentation with excel for statistical representation of
Werner Herzog is one of the filmmakers that rejected the standard techniques of verite in cinema. Instead, Herzog is devoted to exploring the truth, reality, and its limits. This film director’s works are filled with altered realities and stretched time and space boundaries. Reality and truth are abstract notions for Herzog. They exist in tight connection with the viewer. Just like in the story he told in his “On the Absolute, the Sublime, and Ecstatic Truth” lecture. In that story, he witnessed himself; the people of one Peruvian village had no notion of the ocean that existed on the other side of the Andes. Their doubt was so strong that they had to send two representatives to collect salty water from the ocean and bring it back to the village as proof. Herzog explores the subjective perception of truth, which significantly alters people’s reality. For example, in the reality of the whole Peruvian village, the Pacific Ocean did not exist for a long time. Anti-verite techniques employed by Werner Herzog in his films are designed to reflect the constant presence of the viewer, who is the filmmaker. This way the audience never gets to forget about the camera and the film. The whole work looks as if observed by someone. This is required to create the feeling of being involuntarily dragged into the course of the events in the audience. Werner Herzog’s film called “Invincible” was released in 2001. The plot of this film is carefully organized around the concept of truth. From the very first scene, one of the main characters admits that his perception of truth and reality was altered when the White Warrior turned out to be real. Within the first ten minutes of the film, a character that calls himself Truth appears demonstrating supernatural powers and taking over the important artifact. Even the meaning of eternity starts to be questioned in the dialogues of the characters when one of them implies that there is more than one eternity. The effect of presence in “Invincible” is achieved through the movement of the camera. Many scenes are shot as if they are observed by the filmmaker secretly. The space between the camera and the characters contains obstacles such as fire, walls, glass, gates, and fences. The camera is often located behind one of the characters, shooting from above the shoulder, increasing the feeling of secret observation. To create more disconnection between the perception and the reality, the filmmaker combines concepts that are not perceived as matching in normal life, for example, the two twin women dressed as geishas singing an indie-sounding song in duet. In the scene where the main anti-hero hypnotizes a security guard, his face is viewed through a blurred lens, so the viewer is put on the side of the victim. Sound effect employed in the film also present anti-verite techniques when in some scenes, the voices of the characters are distorted, as if the filmmaker is overhearing them. The film’s plot is the exploration of truth and the alteration of reality through
“The left-hand does not know what the right hand is doing” is a good way of describing the situation between workers and masters during the industrial period. The divide between the two is so great that it is surprising that a literal chasm has not opened up to prevent the two from interacting. The problem between the two parties is one is so concerned with the big picture that they fail to see the problems occurring with the smaller details. Managers look at issues such as productivity, the need for workers to meet quotas and how their very jobs are on the line if the workers fail to meet the desired level of performance of the company. The problem is that employees are people and managers simply fail to take this simple matter into consideration. They are so concerned with their own performance that they fail to see how it is impacting workers at a basic level. Workers and Masters Workers, on the other hand, are no better than the masters they despise. While it is true that they feel the brunt of the problems when it comes to the business operations, they fail to see the need for metrics, why staying competitive often requires hard work otherwise the entire enterprise may fail. This was seen in the case of the market fluctuations which caused considerable problems for the profitability of Mr. Thornton’s business. However, the workers barely pay attention to such circumstances because they are too concerned with “minding their own business” (131). Workers and Masters are in essence, two sides of the same coin that fail to see eye to eye with one another. It is like the blind leading the blind in this case since the masters are just as blind as the workers when it comes to the obvious issues they are facing. In the book, you cannot help but get the impression that the masters and workers are in a situation where the Titanic is sinking, and yet the people on it (obviously, the masters and the workers) are arguing over the buffet that was served that morning. Imagine such a ridiculous situation where the very ship you are on is sinking with each passing second, yet the people in charge (e.g. the masters) and the passengers (e.g. the workers) are arguing over the quality of the food and why some items that should have been served were not. They are oblivious to the external factors surrounding them and are concerned only with the problem that is right in front of their face (Gaskell 112). This is, in essence, exactly what is the main issue in the novel since what occurs is the creation of a rivalry and hatred that excludes all other factors aside from what is directly in front of their face. The workers “want to be the masters, and make the masters into slaves on their own ground” (112). The ship is going down, and yet all they seem to care about is proving their side to be correct or airing grievances that show them that what they are fighting for is justified under the context they have developed. Lack of Understanding In a certain light, it can be argued that, ultimately, both masters and workers are slaves th
Qualitative attributes of the snack food about which the company might want to ask consumers These are attributes given to a product based on an individual customer’s perception. The qualitative attribute of the snacks can range from freshness, taste, feeling, or appearance. These attributes have no order or rank and everyone will have his or her judgment. Company W can ask the customers through a comparison of the new snack and the old through such questions as does snack sample A, for the new formula taste like B, the older sample formula (Ludicke, 2006). How nominal and ordinal data relate to a rating scale In nominal data, there is no data ranking rather the data are identified based on their nominal features (names). Formulas A and B can be compared based on felt or observable features under nominal data (Creswell & John, 2009). On the other hand, snacks can be ordinals rated. The two snacks can be put side by side and their nominal futures put on a scale of 1-5 for consumers to rate. The rating scale can take the format of  1. Strongly disagree,  2. disagree,  3. neutral,  4. agree,  5. strongly agree. Quantitative attributes of the snack food that the scientists might want to measure Quantitative attributes are measurable aspects of a product that are not biased. They are presented with numerical values, which can be discrete or continuous (Bearden, Netemeyer, & Haws, 2011). Measurement values can be in terms of mass, weight, or size (Michael, & Earl, 2011). Most customers are normally interested in comparing quantitative attributes of snacks suck as their mass and sizes (Luther, 2011). The difference between interval and ratio data These data measure quantities of data and are quantitative data type. Interval measured the difference between the two values. It is the extent to which one value is lower or higher than the other. They are derived from central values between two variables. A ratio is similar to the interval but has included the zero number to show the origin of the data. Hence, ratios are measured in absolute scale with the figures compounded to one another (Hakan, 2004). The difference between a population and a sample Data are collected in the universe. The sample group that gives the information in the universe is called the population. A sample is a selected section of the population. Since the universe where the data are to be collected can be very big, researchers can be forced to reduce their study population to a manageable level. This can be achieved through several research methods (Don, 2005). The population selected for the study is the sample. In the snack market, the population under study can be selected based on gender, class, geographical area, or age. Why it is important to avoid bias when conducting research Ethically researches should not be conducted under personal bias. Apart from ethical considerations, biased research always gives wrong information that misleads the user (Michael, & Earl, 2011). In essence, the
Introduction While teenage suicide is a big problem in society, it is preventable upon an early detecting and heeding to the warning signs. The reality is that a suicidal person does not really want to die; he/she wants to live without the psychological pain caused by the environment around him/her and the society. When examined closely, almost all teenage suicides take place within a particular environmental created by social forces of how people interact directly or indirectly and subsequently creates an atmosphere conducive for suicide. Environmental and Social aspect Every incident of teenage suicide affects everyone in the society from those who knew the individual to those who did not. There is an overwhelming feeling of grief, confusion, and the sense of how people could the prevented the suicide. It must be recognized that teenagers experience more stress, confusion and other fears while growing than any other generation up and parents should work to ensure the environmental exposures are suitable based on the child’s maturity and needs. According to Cadena (2007, Para. 2), “Environmental factors that impact the suicidal ideation of teenagers vary from individual to individual”. With this in mind, those responsible should become well versed in the emotional, psychological and social health of their children. In the age of the internet, facebook, twitter, MySpace, you tube, and/or email and so much more, teenagers tend to react more quickly to data and communication aspects than they would have in earlier generations. When the pressure to react and the confusion on the appropriate action to take overwhelm the teenagers, they only think within the lines of suicide, as they are outcasts to the teenage society to which they belong. For some teenagers, divorce, the formation of a new family with stepparents and stepsiblings, not performing well in school, being involved in failed emotional relationships with the opposite sex or even moving to a new community can prove very unsettling. These accumulated events on the environment can intensify self-doubts and for some teens, suicide may appear to be a better solution to their problems and an outlet for stress. While the teenager may be able to endure the problems of stress and pressures caused by the environment and in that state display all the danger signs of a troubled and suicidal teenager there is normally a final trigger. This final trigger is normally an event that the teenager finds that there is no point of exit from the environment and no place to exist peacefully in the society and hence suicide is the only option. The failure to recognize the sociological effects of events on the teenager’s environment be it at school, home or neighborhood by the authority figures and those close to the teenager leads the teenager to seek an exit from the environment and society. Cases There exist several cases of teenage suicide. For instance, Megan Taylor Meier (1992-2006) from Da