ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The achievement of happiness is a recurrent theme in the works of Albert Camus. The philosopher emphasized its importance from the perspective of the search for meaning and the necessity to refuse from it to become truly happy (Daniel). In other words, inevitability is synonymous with happiness, and it is added to the idea of absurdity of life (Daniel). In this case, the most prominent examples of novels presenting Camus’ views on the subject are “The Myth of Sisyphus” and “The Stranger,” and their main characters have a row of similarities in the way they are trying to find their paths. Therefore, the achievement of happiness by Meursault and Sisyphus implies the struggle, the loss of hope, and the subsequent acceptance of meaningless of life, and they pass through these stages in the specified order. The Struggle on the Way to Happiness The first character, Meursault, is a person who has little interest in his surroundings. Moreover, he is annoyed by the people he meets on his way, such as the talkative caretaker in the facility where his mother died (Camus, “The Stranger” 7). The first step to happiness, which is struggle, for him, is reflected in the failed attempts to understand others and socialize with people. It is explicitly seen not only in the occasional conversations as in the example above at his mother’s funeral but also in relationships. Thus, for instance, his girlfriend, Marie, is the initiator of their communication from the very beginning when she asks if Meursault wanted to marry her (Camus, “The Stranger” 41). Hence, his struggle is reflected by an apathetic attitude towards life due to inability to enjoy it. The second character, Sisyphus, in contrast to Meursault, experiences a struggle of a physical nature which has similar effects on him. In this way, Camus uses this Greek myth to underpin his theory regarding the need for a struggle on the way to happiness. From his point of view, the story of Sisyphus, who was punished by Gods and had to spend an eternity rolling a huge rock up the mountain, is another proof of it (Camus, “The Myth of Sisyphus” 107). In the narrative, he is an absurd hero who does not try to escape his fate. However, he does not attempt to change anything in his situation, either, and this fact adds to his rese
Introduction One of the most deadly disease during the 15 th century; Smallpox is a product of two viruses; Variola Major and Variola Minor. This name came about in order to distinguish it from the great pox disease. This disease happens in the blood vessels of the skin, mouth and throat. This paper would go on to prove why this disease was considered and continues to be considered such a deadly disease. History od disease During the 20 th century, according to estimated figures it was found that over 300-500 million people died as a result of this disease. This disease’s origin is believed be that of around 10,000 BC. During the 18 th century alone; this disease resulted in the deaths of around 40,000 Europeans. Therefore, through further evidence it would be shown that how this diseases came about; the causes, how it resulted in such a widespread termination and eventually; why it continues to be considered so deadly. Smallpox resurfaced during the year 1967 and resulted in the death of over 2 million people. The causes behind this deadly virus are the contraction of a virus called variola virus and it affects mostly babies’ and children. Poxviruses are considered to unique amongst viruses as they as instead of getting formed in the nucleus, they replicate in the cytoplasm of the cell. The variola disease is known to only affect human beings. The cause behind the widespread termination of this disease can be attributed to the fact that this disease transmits itself through inhalation of airborne variola disease and is usually transmitted through prolonged face to face contact with another individual who has already been infected by this virus. This virus can be known to transmit itself through the course of the illness itself, but was mostly spread through the first week of the rash, when the skin lesions are known to be intact. This disease is considered highly contagious and proven to be deadly but it generally spread more slowly and even less extensively than other viral disease as a result of the need to have face to face contact. The amount of infection is also dependant upon the duration of the infection. In moderate areas; the amount of smallpox cases were recorded the highest during the winter season while in the more tropical regions; this disease was rampant during throughout the year. The two clinical forms of smallpox; Variola major and Variola minor- variola major is considered to be a more common form of smallpox and in fact even more a severe form of the virus. The rapidity with which this virus spreads is a testimony to the fact that this disease is quite a lethal one. Within a brief period f 24-36 hours; this disease can take on a number of different forms. In ninety percent of the smallpox cases; the affected suffers from an ordinary type of attack. The symptoms of such a sickness are quite alarming indeed; influenza, cold feet, prostration, malaise, headache, nausea etc. The preemptive stage lasts for 2 to four days while the more serious stage; appear with
Introduction/Background On May 31, 2001, Oracle Corporation (Oracle), with the assistance of its dependent broker Logicon Inc (Logicon), sealed a six-year enterprise licensing agreement (ELA) with the state of California to provide statewide database software and maintenance support to over 270,000 state employees. On face value, the contract, worth almost $95 million, seemed beneficial to the state in not only achieving significant volume discounts by broadly licensing the software, but also reducing its overall administrative costs (Howle & Hendrickson, 2002). Overall, it was argued by Oracle and Logicon’s officials that the statewide software contract would help California save up to $100 million in taxpayers’ dollars over six to 10 years (Borland, 2002; Gilbert 2002b). But as noted in a report by the California State Auditor, this contract could have seen the state spend $6 million to $41 million more on Oracle database software and maintenance support than it would have if no contract was sealed (Howle & Hendrickson, 2002). The present paper analyzes the Oracle and California case in depth, its major actors, triggering forces, consequences and long-term effects. Problem Discussion The Oracle and state of California case, it can be argued, revolves around poor contracting practices as witnessed by the loopholes and oversights inherent when the state entered into an ELA with Oracle (Howle & Hendrickson, 2002). Information technology (IT) is generally considered an enabler of the state’s agility, particularly when its use results in massive cost efficiencies and productivity (Reddick, 2012). In this particular case, however, “…a preliminary survey by the Department of Information Technology (DOIT) of 127 state departments two months earlier strongly suggested that relatively few state workers might need or want any new Oracle Corporation (Oracle) products” (Howle & Hendrickson, 2002, p. 1). But state officials went ahead to buy into the deal despite prior knowledge from the survey which insinuated that Oracle products were not a priority. Additionally, it is evident how Logicon, the official reseller for Oracle, quickly immersed itself in the deal and aimed for key contacts that it would need in Sacramento political circles not only to win political favoritism (Borland, 2002), but also reap handsomely in a deal that state officials admit they never took adequate time to ascertain Logicon’s data (Howle & Hendrickson, 2002). While it is arguable that Oracle viewed the California case in light of victimization due to political temperatures reminisc
Executive Summary Triangle solution is a business consulting firm which has been around for the past 12 years. Currently the business has tailored its services to cater for the needs of corporate clients. After observing the current market situations and projecting future industry trends, the company concluded that it would be prudent to design services to cater for individual retail clients. Particular, an opportunity to offer training in strategic career planning and financial management to individuals exists (Telfer, 2009). The potential market size is quite large as measured by total sales value. Total sales value is the amount of money the retail client would be willing to use acquire the services which will be offered by the company (Thompson, 2005). This method was suggested since measuring the total sales volume would be a rather daunting task. Approximately the size is 40 billion; this figure is estimated based on the amount expected to be spend by the employed and self-employed middle and high income earner. This group form the target market (Lennox & Becker, 2008). The organization also recognizes the importance of having a diverse and multidiscipline workforce. Therefore, it intends to acquire the services of financial experts, career planners, marketers, researches, sales consultants and last but not least financial experts. These professional will be in charge of different roles and responsibilities all dedicated towards serving the client better. Similarly, the business is expected grow over time and therefore variable cost will automatically increase. However, the KISS approach will be adopted to maintain favourable product scalability (Lennox & Becker, 2008). An intrepreneurial approach that involves setting up a subsidiary to manage the retail tailored service is the most appropriate approach that can ensure the organization achieve its ambitious sales target. Business Description Triangle solutions, a Business consulting firm with its headquarters in New York, was established in 1998. Over the last 12 years, the company has established itself to become one of the most respectable and recognized firm specializing in human resource planning and development, strategic management, and financial consulting. Its stakeholders are very proud of its achievements, particularly in helping its corporate clients formulate and implement their business strategy and as a result achieve tremendous success. Nonetheless, the research and development department feel that the organization should extend its services to target potential retail clients. Retail Services The decision to offer retail services was arrived after it was established that most consulting firms only focus on corporate clients. Individuals therefore find it difficult to for
Introduction In the present day world, “teamwork” or “team dynamics” are common in almost all walks of life. It is not unusual to see in schools and colleges that students working in teams to do a project; sports; any other activity, people working in teams in organizations to accomplish certain goals, people with similar interests in the society work together for a common goal, and family members attempt together for the achievement of the common good of the family. The benefits of teamwork in an organizational context are manifold and it is rightly stated in the statement. “Teams in the workplace are perhaps the most powerful organizational concept since the Roman Legions.” (Lee, 2001). The most significant outcome of teamwork is the synergy effect. This implies that the result of teamwork is greater than that of the sum of the independent works of those who form the team. Besides that, superior motivation, enhanced coordination, decisions by consensus, improved problem solving, quick and rational decision making are other benefits of teamwork. Team dynamics is the study of groups and also the interrelationship involved in the activity. A group refers to two or more individuals connected together to one another by certain relationships, social, organizational, or family. A group is different from an aggregate of people. A group exists when two or more are aware of one another or when they are interrelated in one or the other. But, an aggregate of persons is only a collection, population, or class. The most notable thing in a team is that the team members are not only interactive but dynamic as well. It is dynamic in the sense that the relationship between the members of the group is continuously changing and adjusting. The individuals in teamwork together in a coordinated atmosphere so that they can interact and influence one another and develop a number of dynamics like development, social influence, effects on behavior, and many more. The following table compares and contrasts an employee’s role as a team member and that of an individual in the workplace. ((n.d.), Group dynamics and communication: Understand the importance of working in a team environment). Team Member                     Individual Member                   Group problem-solving           Individual assignments              Draws upon diverse              Draws upon one person’s experiences experiences                                                         Skills of many people           Skills of one person                Creativity of many              Creativity of one                   Cross-functional involvement    On person’s job                     Customer supplier relationship  Supervisor-employee relationship    Shred goals                     Individual tasks/ job                However, the success or otherwise of gr
In the current essay, the main aim is to write a thematic analysis of “The Use of Force” by William Williams, focusing on the plot’s drama and comparing it to the “36 Dramatic Situations” by George Polti. Moreover, the paper discusses the ‘legitimate versus illegitimate use of force, and whether the doctor had a right to perform the actions. The essay’s conclusion is devoted to the explanation of why the story’s theme is relevant to current news. The short story “The Use of Force” by William Williams is about a doctor, who arrives at the Olson house to examine a little girl, Mathilda, who ris eported to be sick. Her parents tell the doctor that she has had a fever for a few days, and no one understands the illness’s cause. The doctor suspects that the girl could have diphtheria, as he is aware of other children from the same school having it. To confirm the diagnosis, he needs to examine her throat. Mathilda sees the physician as an enemy and refuses to open her mouth and behaves violently against him, and the doctor has no choice but to force her to do so (Williams). As a result of the fight, the diagnosis is confirmed, and the doctor begins her treatment. The story’s central theme is philosophical, and it is presented from a controversial side to make a reader think of its non-obviousness. Generally, force and violence are perceived as harmful, wrong, and punishable. However, the kind of power the doctor uses over Mathilda is to improve her health and this raises numerous philosophical questions. The physician deployed a ‘legitimate’ force that cannot be consideres wickedness. He acted in her favor and aimed to help to treat her. Moreover, the parents called the doctor and asked for help; thus, his actions were carried out with their consent. As was discussed above, the story’s central drama focuses on the use of ‘illegal versus legal’ force. In William’s story, the philosophical question was raised whether it is the right thing to do even when a person wishes best when performing those actions. George Polti, in his “36 Dramatic Situations,” categorizes dramatic situations that usually occur in literature and theater. The drama of William’s story is one of the 36 described by Polti. The conflict can be compared to situation 31 – “Conflict with a God” (Polti 10). The situation refers to a battle between a Mortal and a God and an inner conflict or fight with beliefs. The drama in “The Use of Force” is about a deep conflict in the mind of the doctor. He doubts his decisions as he runs into an emotional battle with himself. Even though he is a professional, he is insecure in his actions due to inner conflict. In conclusion, the essay aimed to present a thematic analysis of the short story “The Use of Force” by Williams and compare the drama of the plot with the categorization of Polti in “36 Dramatic Situations”. Moreover, in conclusion, it should be stated that the story’s drama intersects with the current situation in the US, as Williams refers to the topic of justifiable violence. The
Introduction It is necessary to understand the business aspects that are required for the success of a business. In most cases, the size of the business does not matter. In fact, the most crucial aspect is to address market sizing issues so that they do not cause problems. This is one of the many steps and precautions that are taken to avert failure in the business. This paper highlights a marketing problem that will adversely affect an organization if it is not addressed by the marketing department. Large scale and small scale businesses have problems that can facilitate the failure of the business. This can affect the established businesses as well as new businesses in the market. One of the marketing problems that affect most businesses is poor market sizing. Proper market sizing facilitates good market plans and leads to the success of businesses (Moutinho & Chien, 2007). Therefore, knowing the right market size cannot be ignored by entrepreneurs. Proper market sizing will also ensure that the right products are provided to consumers. Recently, experts in market research have confirmed that our company has a problem in market sizing. The company cannot determine the right size of the market that should be addressed. Besides, the company does not have full information on the products that can be developed to address the needs of the market. One of the causes of this problem has been determined to be from within the company. The marketing team does not have the required experience to address issues of market sizing. This has led to improper market size estimates (Ferrell & Hartline, 2011). This is misleading to the company because it has made it difficult for the company to address the market sizing challenges. Besides, this is shown by inadequate allocation of time for planning marketing activities. The other aspects encompass the macro environment. Here, the company is not objective in relation to the products it provides to customers. Aspects of pessimism have contributed to the problems o
Introduction The present-day competitive environment constantly brings new challenges. Characterized by the fierce rivalry in terms of services and products, the sphere of broadcasting and television is notable for the urge to recognize the most beneficial solutions and eliminate those which seem to bring only short-term effects. In this respect, the tendency to develop an a la carte approach has become a concern: while cable television companies, such as Comcast, normally bundle programming in order to have their customers buy more packages, the prevalence of the new type of services is likely to become a significant obstacle. Therefore, companies should focus on strategic management issues and adopt new strategies that will help address the problems and prepare the ground for their future activity. The Disadvantages of the A La Carte Model The phrase “a la carte” can be translated into English as “according to the menu,” and this principle is implemented in various industries (Davila, Epstein, Shelton, Cagan, & Vogel, 2013). However, in the course of time, the meaning expanded. To put it simply, this model prescribes the opportunity to select the services that a customer wants and exclude those which they do not need. Although it may seem favorable for clients, the a la carte approach has become one of the most controversial matters. Obviously, TV providers are not satisfied that they might receive lower-income, and they increase the prices to avoid it. As a result, one has to pay the same amount of money as if they had the usual package. Besides, people who dislike the idea that they are forced to pay for the services they do not need actually support their favorite channels: from the smallest cable channels to the largest ones, stations earn some of their money from carriage fees (Kline, 2016). It means that they could not exist if the a la carte model were implemented, and a few subscribers would not change the situation. Therefore, this innovation cannot be considered effective. Since it is probable that the demand for traditional TV packages will grow, Comcast should design some strategies now in order to meet the potential requirements and simultaneously stay its course at the moment. Possible Strategies Since Comcast insists that a la carte services are not to be an optimal innovation, there are multiple long-term arrangements associated with this position. To begin with, it is significant to address new business services and products. Customers are likely to be attracted by novelt
Introduction This paper seeks to discuss the statement that investors, according to Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH), are not necessarily irrational when they are just applying their old heuristics to new market conditions. The discussion will be accomplished with particular reference to Lo’s “Practical Implications” from AMH. Analysis and Discussion What is AMH? The AMH is a theory proposed by Lo (2004) as a way to reconcile the seeming deficiencies of the Efficient Market Hypothesis and behavioural finance. In arriving at the concept, Lo (2004) factored in the dynamics of evolution, natural selection and other related factors which determine the efficiency of markets and the increasing and decreasing financial institutions together with their investment products, and even institutional and individual affluence at the end of the day. What are the practical implications of AMH from Lo (2004)? Do they deny or confirm the rationality or lack of it by the investor? First implication Lo (2004) gave several practical implications of AMH. The first implication, according to Lo (2004), is the extent of the relationship between risk and reward, which he asserts to be unlikely stable over time. In effect, Lo (2004) admits of the relationship of risk and return and which is still a sign of rationality of the investors but asserts that the relationship will not be stable over time as he relates the same with different factors such as the relative sizes and various population of market ecology including the institutional aspects such as regulatory environment and tax laws. He explained that there would be changes with factors; thus, changes in risk/reward relation must also change (Lo, 2004). There is the basis to agree with Lo as it could be, in fact, shown that different sizes and populations of investors do not necessarily have the same reactions to similar situations and the different regulatory environments and tax laws have different stages of development that may cause different reactions from investors in making decisions. Lo (2004) also asserted that as an upshot of the first implication, it could be further implied that the equity risk premium also varies with time and path. His argument sustaining the presence of rationality lies in the fact that the equity risk premium must vary in relation to changes in risk preferences over time (Lo, 2004). It is not difficult again to agree with Lo’s inference of consequence on the implication asserted since varying risk premium is a sign of periodic lack of stability in terms of risk/return relationships. Lo (2004) further explained by