ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The nuclear weapon is the most powerful and destructive weapon ever invented by mankind. This weapon played a role in ending the Second World War since the Japanese forces surrendered when atomic bombs were dropped on their cities. The impact of these bombs was devastating and mass casualties were experienced at the sites of the attacks. For the first time in history, the world was introduced to the nuclear bomb and its destructive capabilities. Following this spectacular display of the annihilating capability of the nuclear weapon, the major world powers saw nuclear armament as being integral to their military strength. Due to the immense military power that ownership of nuclear weapons gave to a particular country, the post WWII years were followed by a global nuclear arms race. The two main countries in
Abstract This paper will discuss three external factors of industry shifting that seriously affect on the profitability level of Coca-Cola the giant of the beverages industry; it will focus on strategic alignment of this company to generate competitive advantage over rivals, marketing mix, and one of the strength, opportunity, weakness and threat that could influence the future success of Coca Cola. Based on the given case study, the strategic analysis of the Coca-Cola illustrated that the beverage industry has been going through challenging time because economic meltdown, changes of customer’s preference, and shifting suppliers have seriously impacted the profitability of the company; however, this company has endeavoured to encounter the situation through its internal capabilities and product diversification strategy. Three External Industry Changes Adeoye & Elegunde (2012) sated that modern organizations are eager to engage their business operation within the more dynamic environment where the external factors have rapid and unpredictable influence on the regular operation integrating with the complex changes and shifting economic variables that necessitates for addressing appropriate strategy to sustain sales revenue and profitability. The most momentous influence on the organizational strategy is the external industry changes and such strategy would deliberately design to attain definite goals and objectives to overcome the negative impact of the situations that carried out by the external factors and carried out internal changes to encounter with the shifting dynamics (Gamble & Thompson, 2012). Today’s beverage industry operates in a greater environment of the global market and its current business environment has experienced with ever hardly complexities, serious turbulence as well as rapid in change where the industry players must have to pay greater attention on the external environments in order to formulating sustainable strategies for future operation (Gamble & Thompson, 2012). The given case has presented three external industry changes mentioned as follows– Economic Meltdown The global financial crisis and its consequential recessionary impact h
Background of the Studies This paper includes a review of two qualitative studies associated with the analysis of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE). One of the studies under consideration implemented by Apenteng et al. is aimed at the exploration of patients’ attitudes towards HA-VTE prevention. The other article in question written by Litchfield et al. dwells upon upon the attitudes of nurses towards the prevention of HA-VTE. The two studies have been chosen due to their focus on major stakeholders’ perspectives regarding HA-VTE, and these insights can help in addressing the set PICOT question. Can a one-month educational intervention provided to nurses, as compared to no training, lead to the reduction of the rate of HA-VTE in patients during six months? Both articles do not provide statistical information to justify the significance of their studies and the clinical question they explored. The authors rather stress that HA-VTE often occurs when patients are discharged from the hospital, and the major responsibility related to HA-VTE prophylaxis lies on patients and nursing professionals (Apenteng et al., 2016; Litchfield et al., 2016). The purpose of the study by Apenteng et al., as formulated by the authors, is to gain insights into the perceptions of primary care professionals concerning the role they play in HA-VTE. The aim of the study by Litchfield et al. is to explore patients’ views regarding HA-VTE, including its prevention. It is noteworthy that both articles do not include a list of research questions, but it is possible to formulate them based on the given data. The research question addressed by Litchfield et al. can be formulated: What is the current knowledge of primary care clinicians regarding HA-VTE prevention. In the article by Apenteng et al., the addressed research question can be: What is the level of the awareness of patients concerning HA-VTE prophylaxis. Both research questions are linked to the PICOT question as the focus is on people’s knowledge regarding the disorder and its prevention. Methods of the Study The purpose of the studies under analysis was the exploration of stakeholders’ perspectives and their knowledge regarding HA-VTE. In both cases, the researchers were interested in different aspects and in-depth analysis of the areas of major concern, which justifies the use of semi-structured interviews that were utilized. The articles do not contain a properly outlined literature review section, but they refer to previous research. A substantial part of the employed sources is older than five years, which is acceptable for a qualitative study. The articles in question also contain some information concerning the existing gaps. For instance, Litchfield et al. state that the primary focus on the effort regarding HA-VTE prevention is associated with secondary care, although primary care practitioners play an important role in the process. Apenteng et al. (2016) emphasize that HA-VTE prophylaxis is often a
This study examines the reasons why some states issue driving licenses to teenagers under the age of 18 years. Further, it looks at the pros and cons of such privileges. It is important that driving licenses are given to drivers under the age of eighteen. I agree with the administrators in some states like New York who have such provisions to allow teenagers to drive. Standard practice is that driving licenses are issued after the recipient has passed a driving and road test. However, in others, a person can acquire a driving license before beginning to drive. In both cases though, there is a need to develop an identification criterion for such drivers. Most states use licenses and ID cards issued to those under 21 to have the chance to drive. These licenses however should be official documents that have the picture of the driver appearing on them or a printed statement revealing the details about the driver. Like in New York the documents of underage drivers (referring to those below twenty-one years of age) are printed “Under 21” in red bold letters. Other states also use color schemes or add information such as “Under 21 until 08-15-2007” to their licenses, to aid in the identification of underage drivers. For me, there are numerous advantages of letting minors
The airline industry is a capital-intensive industry that has stiff competition. Some of the avenues that airlines use to compete include convenience of flights, inflight comfort, capacity, and ticket prices (Inderwildi & King, 2012). Stiff competition necessitates airlines to form collaborations to improve their profitability. National flag carriers are the major airlines that dominate the market. The national carriers may use their vast resources to acquire small airlines. This reduces competition in the industry. KLM is a Dutch national carrier. On the other hand, Air France is a French national carrier. Problems that the two airlines faced necessitated the merger of the airlines. The merger would lead to the formation of Air France-KLM holding company. This would make Air France-KLM the largest airline in the world in terms of revenue. The European Union (EU) is a powerful body that can negotiate on behalf of its members. The EU has the right to enter into open-skies agreements with non-member states. In so doing, the EU ensures that it safeguards the interests of member states. Therefore, the EU plays a critical role in shaping the future of the airline industry. The EU kicked off negotiations with the US on behalf of the member states (Tagliabue, 2003). It was vital for the merger of Air France and KLM to get the approval of the EU. The merger would lead to the formation of Air France-KLM holding company. However, the individual airlines would continue operating as independent companies to preserve their distinct identities (Tagliabue, 2003). The holding company would have three major operations. These included passengers, freight, and aircraft maintenance. The merger would be greatly beneficial to both airlines. The merger would lead to financial stability of the Air France, which was on the verge of bankruptcy in the mid-1990s. On the other hand, the merger would inject capital into KLM. The merger of Air France and KLM would lead to significant changes in the market. In the long-term, the merger would help in reducing the number of the carriers that compete in the European airline market. The merger would help in the formation of a small number of large carriers. This would make the European airline market resemble the American airline market, which has a small number of large airlines. American Airlines and United Airlines are the dominant players in the American airline industry (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2008) Focus of the large airlines on the long-haul routes would help in the growth of small airlines, which focus on short-haul flights. Growth of the short-haul flights would increase competition in the short-haul routes. This would put pressure on the tradi
Abstract The focus of this research will be the examination of the effects of male and female temperaments on the extents of frustration both sexes experience while dealing with certain long-lasting activities like the waiting process at a busy intersection. The scholarly literature on the topic of temperament development and gender inequalities of modern society will be examined. The method of direct observation will be used in the research itself, as the researcher will place him/herself in a group of people at a busy intersection to observe and record the ways in which male and female frustration is manifested. The results of the research will be presented and discussed providing the implications for further study in the area of temperament differences. Introduction The study of differences in the male and female temperaments is rather significant as far as the modern society experiences the lack of understanding the inter-gender differences and displays such signs of gender discrimination as lower educational and employment opportunities for women, prejudiced social opinion against them, etc (Boyce & Herd, 2003). Accordingly, the current study will contribute to the inter-gender understanding and will provide for the further development of gender equality in the human society. Moreover, if properly carried out, this study will provide for the better understanding of ordinary human beings in their daily communication and cooperation. Scholars take their time to examine this topic. In more detail, such authors as Bing (1999) inquire about the purely physiological and biological aspects of the socially adopted gender inequality. According to Bing (1999), the popular public believe that male brains are larger than female ones has led to the misperception of women as the ones to be excluded from doing such traditionally male jobs as politics, social work, etc (Bing, 1999). Further on, Walker, Berthelsen, & Irving (2001) study the topic of temperament formation in young children and influence of their temperaments on their peer acceptance. Gender perspective is examined by these authors who conclude that females are less active in the socialization, while males are more patient and persistent (Walker, Berthelsen, & Irving, 2001). Kasen, Cohen, Brook, & Hartmark (1996) argue about the huge role played by family environment and psychological traumas received by children upon their temperament formation and further socialization (Kasen, Cohen, Brook, & Hartmark, 1996). Boyce & Herd (2003), Mcglashan, Wright & Mccormick (1
Topic Defined and Thesis Statement Created Incidences of genocide have been witnessed in various parts of the world (Arabie, 2012). Contextually, this proposal discerns various aspects of Darfur Genocide. It commenced in February 2003 in Darfur region, Sudan. In this astounding incidence, several civilians were killed and numerous people were rendered homeless. This indicates the need to investigate extensively on this incidence despite the challenges. Evidently, Darfur genocide was a civil war where non-Arab Sudanese accused the then government of establishing and embracing inequality among the citizens (Levy, 2009). The Sudanese Arabs were favored by the government more than their fellow non-Arabs (Collins, 2008). This created a critical controversy amid the concerned parties leading to eruption of various conflicts in the area. It is crucial to research and understand why the war started. Additionally, it is important to unveil the underlying issues behind the whole phenomenon and how normalcy was restored in the area (Kiernan, 2007). This forms the critical mandate of this research as indicated earlier. Genocide incidences have been condemned internationally despite their enduring occurrences. It is against the human rights provisions stipulated by the international community. This research intends to unveil what really happened in the Darfur Genocide. It is crucial to agree that various issues led to the development of Darfur Genocide in 2003; nonetheless, understanding deeply on the matter is critical. Evidently, this topic is interesting since it provides considerable provisions of the mentioned genocide. The incidences that occurred were astonishing. Besides, numerous lessons can be learned from the entire incidence (Jewish Wold Watch, 2012). This creates a substantial factor in the realms of Darfur Genocide. Historically, Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) as well as Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) staged a coup against the then Sudanese government to fight for equality (Steidle & Wallace, 2007). Consequently, the concerned civil war created various instabilities in the Darfur region. As indicated earlier, researching extensively on this topic will uncover various facts that characterized the menace. Outline/Roadmap This research will follow precise and considerable steps so as to enhance its execution in the realms of data collection, analysis, and presentation among other considerable steps. Firstly, the research will require a credible design (research design) meant to create and unveil a precise roadmap on how the entire study will be executed (Grzyb, 2009). This will incorporate creation of a research problem, thesis devel
Introduction Martin Luther King was a leader an activist of the movement which fought for the civil rights of African Americans. In addition to these he also served as a clergy man in America. Martin Luther is a prominent leader who used non-violent approaches of fighting for peoples civil rights in the United States and other countries in the worlds. Martin Luther borrowed a lot from the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. He is among the most recognized leaders in American history (Garrow 58). Martin Luther King Theory On the 28 th day of August 1963, demonstrations were held in Washington Town. More than 25 000 people attended the demonstration. People were fighting for freedom and creation of job opportunities. This was the largest demonstration which had ever taken place in Washington. The police in Birmingham attacked the protesting group with the use of dogs and fire horses. The protestors were mainly teenagers and young children. This is the time during which Martin Luther was arrested and jailed. During his time in jail, he wrote his letter in which he wanted people to disobey government rules which were not just. The letter was a reaction against the argument that injustice should not be fought on the streets but in the court made by the clergy men (Garrow 62). According to this letter written on the 16 th day of April 1963, a person of faith learns that people can use power to impose laws which favors them in expense of other people. Luther and the other Protestants were against discrimination laws imposed by the government. In America, African Americans were highly discriminated especially in public schools in which whites were favored. The police were brutal to the demonstrators because they had power over them and could not be questioned even after killing them. This is the reason why they threatened the demonstrators and harassed them. The government had used its power to impose such laws. African Americans were mainly the people disadvantage because they did not have equal opportunities with other people and could not ask because they did not have the power (Stears 160). The letter teaches people of faith that they should use peaceful means in demanding for their rights. Blood shed and civil wars which lead to death of people should not be used. Like Luther, peaceful demonstrations can be of great help. People should not give up in fighting with people in power for their rights. They should demand for their rights even if it means going through difficulties. We also learn through the letter that freedom is never achieved voluntarily. People have to fight for the rights. This means that justice can never be achieved if there is injustice in the society. Common people should be treated well by people in power (Stears 165). Co
Introduction The ability of a nation to use force against an adversary nation falls within the constraints of the availability of various resources such as better weaponry in relation to the rival nation. This claim suggests that a nation needs to develop a better military capability long before attacks or getting any news of likely attacks. This issue has been the concern of Iran in its effort to develop nuclear power, which the US and Israel oppose. With the international community eyes being wide open on how the whole idea of developing nuclear arms in Iran unfolds, Iran encounters dilemmas on how to enhance its security. It endeavors to get out of seclusion in the Gulf regional security circles while also being surrounded by militarily powerful nations such as Pakistan, the US, and Israel, which are potential adversaries. Saudi Arabia faces a similar security dilemma, specifically in terms of matters of internal security. This paper offers an in-depth discussion of the security dilemma facing both Iran and Saudi Arabia. Security Dilemma for Iran Following the toppling of Shah Reza, the longstanding economic sanctions facing Iran, and the predominantly conservative Sharia Islam law, arresting of internal security situations in Iran requires complex approaches. Apart from the concerns of internal security, Iran also experiences the challenge of external aggression from other nations. As Ervan proposes, one of the surest ways of enhancing both internal security and security against external aggression is by enhancing military capability of a nation. This strategy perhaps reveals why Iran desperately needs to explore a nuclear weaponry program. However, according to Pasri, the interest of the US and Israel on the Iran nuclear program has amplified the security threat that Iranians face 1 . While attempting to bring back Iran’s control over gulf area, Iran encounters the challenge emanating from the West together with other powerful and high-ranking local royal leaders as Brumberg reveals 2 . Consequently, the nation still faces a dilemma on how to ensure security both within and outside its borders. Should Iran seek gaining nuclear power or resort to exploring diplomatic relations with its equally armed adversary nations including the US, Israel, and Pakistan? A nation has to assure citizens unprejudiced security. Unfortunately, Iran has not managed to deliver this mandate in the extent that it has not managed to curtail the threats posed to its citizens by both the US and Israel. The surest way to achieve this goal is through giving up on its nuclear weapon exploration program. Unfortunately, Iran seems not prepared to do exactly that, as the authoritative leadership of Iran believes that the surest way to enhance a long-term security of its people is by rising to a ‘superpower status’. As Moore confirms, arresting the security of Iran is a call for protection of territorial integrity of the nation 3 . This role is dedicated to the Iran’s armed forces. Following the end of an Iraqi-Iran war that lasted for 8 years, the military capability of Iran was adversely affected. Consequently, as Iran continued to rebuild i
Introduction The global society is currently in a knowledge based development phase. Knowledge is the key to the prosperity of various economies. As knowledge becomes a vital component of so does the importance of higher education in global prosperity. Increased educational opportunities increase people’s level of income. In addition, increased educational opportunities create a large pool of skilled people who would have positive contribution to economic development. Increased educational opportunities are one of the major characteristics of middle-income countries that are experiencing faster rates of growth (Bhatia & Dash, 2010). The world is currently experiencing rapid changes in various fields. Developments in science and technology, internationalization of education and increased competition have led to rapid changes in education. There is a shift from ‘national education, ‘to global education.’ The integration of the global economy is the factor that has necessitated this paradigm shift. In addition, education has shifted from being teacher-centric to learner centric. These changes necessitate various countries to formulate strategies that would enable them to cope with the new challenges of education (Bhatia & Dash, 2010). China and India account for almost half of the world population. Therefore, they have the potential of being very influential globally. China and India are part of the emerging markets, which are commonly referred to as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). China and India are currently experiencing high economic growth rates and a significant improvement in the socio-economic environment. These changes are due to the large-scale transformation of the societies and economies of both countries (Arnove, 1984). Both countries face similar challenges in transforming their economies and societies. However, they have completely different social, economic, and political structures. Both countries depend on education as one of the major foundations of their social and economic development. Since both China and India strive to have excellent economies, it is vital for the countries to have educational systems that are similar to some of the best educational systems in the world (Goldman, Kumar & Liu, 2008). A study of the education system of both countries would help in determining some of the forces that have helped in shaping the inputs and outcomes of education (Goldman, Kumar & & Liu, 2008). This would help to provide insights into the future needs of education in both countries. Historical Context of Education The historical development of the education system of China and India has three critical similarities. The leaders of both countries perceive education as one of the key pillars of economic development. India’s first prime minister helped in the renovation of the education system to ensure that it helps in building the economy. In China, Deng Xiaoping advocated for a reorientation of the education systems towards modernization, the world, and the future. In addition, both India and China had an elitist traditional education system that was more than two thousand years old. This provide