ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cultural diversity underscores a range of various societies and people who come from different backgrounds, like traditions of all living, values in life and interacting together. Therefore, the idea of building or managing cultural diversity is that, the management should not discard or ignore other cultural identities, but sustain and respect them. In the hospitality industry, cultural diversity has grown to become a serious issue of address. The report concentrates on the discussion on benefits and challenges of cultural diversity, the opportunity cultural diversity offers and provides practical recommendations that can help the management (human resources) to deal with the multicultural diversity issues effectively. Cultural diversity needs management because it presents a particularly significant challenge to work with people from different backgrounds in terms of race, sexual orientation, social and economic statuses, ethnicity, age, gender, beliefs (values), language, and traditions. This mosaic of people bringing together different styles, viewpoints, values, ideas, and traditions are assets to the organization that they interact in. These differences are usually easy to describe in terms of the primary dimensions aforementioned. The secondary diversity dimensions include education, religion, and marital statuses among others. The increased diversity in the hospitality industry presents new challenges and indeed opportunities for enterprises that operate every sector of the economy. Diversity is not something that can just be wished away, and it disappears so that people can plan and operate, do business in a mutual understanding manner. More diversity still underpins business and determines the direction of operation and decision making in an organization. Just like other industries, hospitality faces specific cultural diversity challenges and opportunities. Managing diversity offers the organization an advantage in terms of competitiveness. The reason being that, it helps to include every person from a difference background, and thus ends up ensuring that each one is accommodated and eventually produces the highest quality management, which can be achieved. Most of the time, diversity is a considerable advantage to the business enterprise as it offers a wide variety labour resource, and cultural vitality need in the modern world that has seen increased travel and communication from all corners of the earth. However, this does not mean that diversity does not have its own hardships. The most noticeable demerits of multicultural diversity management include problems of language barrier, social tension, and disengagement. However, these reasons should act as pointers on how to handle diversity in the ever-changing world that has become one global village. Occasionally, workplace conflicts emerge because of multicultural diversity management. For instance, in certain cases, ‘white’ employees can
The Devil Wears Prada is a good illustrative base upon which numerous management aspects can be analyzed. The first point is personal characteristics that can be considered on the example of the film. It is evident that although Andy and Miranda are both successful and productive performers, their individualities are significantly different. Researchers have established a list of “big five” personality traits that are of the highest importance for organizational performance (Griffin and Moorhead 67). At least two of the characteristics included in the list make Andy different from Miranda. First of all, it is agreeableness that is apparently more demonstrated in Andrea than in her boss. The young woman eagerly cooperates with Emily tolerating with her needs and preferences, whereas Miranda, for example, does not want to adjust her timetable to the designers’ benefit. Secondly, it is extraversion that helps Andrea come into a closer contact with her colleagues. She openly shares her fears and rueful feelings with Nigel, while none of the employees is aware of Miranda’s problems with her husband. The statistic shows that person-job fit tends to have a regressing character in numerous employees. Thus, a person who starts working in a company finds the new occupation more stimulating in the beginning that in the course of time (Griffin and Moorhead 66). However, in Andrea’s case, the situation seems to be opposite. At first, the young woman experiences an evident person-organization misfit. The work does not offer any opportunities for her journalistic ambitions that can be proved by her complaints to friends and Nate. Nevertheless, the more engaged Andrea gets in the working process, the more changes her general attitude undergoes. The viewer cannot help noticing how satisfied Andrea feels when her organizational skills and the critical thinking help her solve another infeasible task assigned by the boss. Thus, whether it is the latest edition of a Harry Potter book that she manages to find or her assistance in the formal reception – all this contributes to Andrea’s achieving the person-job fit. Job attitude, stress, and behavior are the three factors that largely determine a person’s performance at work. The case of Andrea is particularly curious from this point of view as her perception of these aspects transforms throughout the film. First of all, one should admit, that the woman’s attitude to her charges is generally stable. Thus, Andrea shows a high conscientiousness level from the very first days in the office. She is equally responsible and organized while doing the homework for Miranda’s children and preparing the magazine’s template. As to the occupational stress, Andrea manages to cope with it rather quickly. It is widely known that one of the key factors provoking stress is an extensive workload (Ganster and Perrewe 3). Indeed, a viewer sees how confused the woman is by the multi-task character of her new job. However, in the second part of the film it becomes evident that Andrea is no more susceptible to panic – the woman looks ultimately relaxed during the important trip to Paris. Andrea’s behavior
XYZ Company manufactures agricultural chemicals. A year ago, the company experienced significant scandals including charges of stock fraud, harassment lawsuit against several executives and dumping waste into a neighboring wildlife preserve. Why might such Pressure Cause XYZ to Change? The external pressure facing XYZ might make the company to embrace change because the firm has to adhere to societal expectations in regard to environmental responsibility and general community involvement. Recently, information and modern technology have contributed extensively to the growth of social pressure, since information regarding firms that do not conform to social standards spread quickly. Also, external members expect that companies conduct business fairly, maintain favorable working conditions for employees and carry out activities that do not harm the environment. Failure to do so may spur demonstrations by community members or warnings by environmental pressure groups, in order to force the company to conduct activities that preserve the environment. Also, XYZ Company may face prosecution in a criminal court, due to stock fraud. Besides, failing to adhere to societal expectation will, ultimately, create an unhealthy reputation for the company, which might make customers obtain products from other firms that have similar products. How does this affect the Organizational Ethics of Work at XYZ? Outside pressure, regarding the above mentioned issues, will affect organizational ethics of work at XYZ. First, management practices must be adjusted to suit the needs of employers. As mentioned, in the introduction, a number of executives have filed harassment lawsuits against the company. This implies that organizational ethics have to be adjusted, in order to enhance worker satisfaction and productivity in the company. Besides, XYZ needs to impact outside members positively, through stopping to dump waste products into the nearby wildlife preserve. This will create a positive public image, which is likely to attract new customers. Lastly, the company has to stop stock fraud, because the public may put pressure on legislators to impose existing regulations regarding stock frauds. The company should ensure that both internal and external auditors receive the right information regarding sales and stocks of the company. What Change might XYZ Incorporate? XYZ needs to establish an ethical workplace through creating, and constantly, improving the code of ethics. This will encourage ethical practices, in the
Introduction A myth may be described as conventional story or a legend that can not be amicably justified or empirically evidenced by facts. Myths are passed from one generation to another and affect people holding them in their traditions, way of thinking and reacting to issues. Gill (2009: Para. 2) claims that myths are part of a group’s cultural identity. According to Clark (2005: page, 3), the modern America has been shaped by a sense of traditions that gained momentum from the onset of nineteenth century. In trying to relate the development of America and its history several myths have been put across which have been found to affect the lives of Americans in general. Myths are stories that are handed down to people form one generation to another such that the myths are instilled in the peoples mind and often expressed in both the behavioral and cognitive aspects of people in societies. The three most common myths in America have been examined, together with their possible impact to many men and women in America in the past, at present and in the projected future. First, the myth about America as the greatest nation in the universe is deeply rooted in the minds of Americans in a manner that can be observed across generations. Secondly, the American politics have been dominated for a long time by two parties: the republicans and the democrats. The myth about these two groups is that the republicans are completely different from the democrats. Lastly, the myth about America being the world oldest democracy has been discussed in length by various people trying to refute those claims. America is the greatest nation in the universe This aspect has been deeply rooted in the minds of Americans across all the generations from the late 19 th century. Being a superpower with highly advanced technology, America is the present symbol of greatest democracy in the world. The late 19 th century witness industrial revolution in America and the need for mass production in the industries made people drawn from all races to go to America for the opportunities that were offered by industrial revolution. Over time, America has been a leading industrial nation in the world. In resent times the myth about America being the greatest nation in the universe has been instilled in the mind of people both in America and in other countries. Large numbers of immigrants from other countries have been moving to America in the notion that America offers greater opportunities in education, jobs and career development, etc. The myth of America being the greatest nation in the universe is not only related to the social aspects, but also to economic and political aspects. America is the wealthiest country in the world; there is no doubt about that. In addition America is observed as the world’s symbol of democracy and capitalism. This aspect has attracted a lot of concern from other parts of the world. A
Summary Currently, the United States (US) prisons have a large number of elderly prisoners. Countrywide, the population of aging prisoners, has grown by about 75% in the last decade (Rushing, 2010, n.pag). Such trends are significantly notable in some states. For instance, at Joseph Harp Correctional Center in Lexington, Oklahoma, there are 250 elderly and physically challenged offenders. In the same center, inmates aged 50 years and above are 3,700, which is 200% increase since last decade. Notably, the elderly population of inmates will continue to increase by 40% per year. Numerous aspects influence the presence of a large population of elderly inmates in prisons. The increased number of elderly inmates is partly due to the introduction of longer sentences in the 1970s and 1980s as US took a tough approach to crime (Rushing, 2010, n.pag). Commissioner Justin Jones believes that the enhancement of punishments which 85% of laws requiring an offender to serve 35% of the sentence before being eligible for parole is a major cause of the increased elderly inmate population (Rushing, 2010, n.pag). Again, governors (as politicians) do not want to be seen as soft on crime, and thus they tend to decline to grant parole to appease their electorate. Additionally, some inmates with medical parole cannot leave prison due to the lack of care outside prison. Underlying Issues The presence of a large number of elderly inmates in prisons is economically detrimental since the cost of housing elderly prisoners is expensive (Williams et al., 2012, p.2). Statistically, an elderly inmate costs $70,000, which is three times than young offenders. Higher costs relate to their health problems, functional disabilities, mental illness and major diseases. For instance, in Fishkill Correctional Facility in New York, most of the inmates who are the average of 63 years old have dementia and Eczema disorder (Rushing, 2010, n.pag). In Oklahoma, the department of corrections is currently facing the challenging of increasing costs associated with rising costs associated with elderly population. To curb increasing costs, Oklahoma is relying on volunteers such as retired professionals, preachers, community workers and volunteer prisoners. On the other hand, New York has built a unit for elderly individuals. Other states will be required to build similar units for the sake of deteriorating mental capacity of increasing elderly. However, with costs above $100,000 per elderly inmate, governments do not have instant funds to fund such units (Rushing, 2010, n.pag). Solution to the Increasing Elderly Prisoners To mitigate o
The significance and role of the moral character of an individual has been of interest to philosophers over the centuries. Different philosophers have had varied propositions on and representations of the constituents of standard moral values and beliefs. Aristotle, Confucius and Plato are some of the key representatives of philosophical teachings about virtuous living. The three philosophers advanced various views on the interpretation of morality, some of which are similar while others different. They were mainly preoccupied with; the nature of virtue, description of a truly admirable character, the possibility of attainment of morality , the relationships and institutions that one could follow to become virtuous. It is imperative to note that Plato and Aristotle based their understanding of morality on the ancient Greek values, Guthrie , W (1975), while Confucius’ teachings were based on the emergence of new knowledge in the pre imperial China. The doctrines of the three philosophers concur to the qualities of a truly superior person as the one exhibiting high levels of morality. Confucius attests that the superior man is the one who is ‘benevolent’ irrespective of his circumstances. Similarly, Aristotle notes that true peace and harmony can only be experienced within one with who experiences high levels of morality. Plato further notes that, character and discipline is the key determinant to an individual’s success. The three philosophers had the same opinion that morality cannot only be based on the exhibited behavior but are likewise dependent on the rationality of man. Both Aristotle and Plato acknowledge that virtuous action must be as a result of a combination of both cognitive and affective elements. Aristotle agrees with Plato’s opinion that both the rational and the non-rational parts of the soul contribute to the development of virtuous character. The philosophy of Plato on the components of the soul and their role towards the development of character is also accepted by Aristotle. All the three philosophers are of the principle that man cannot attain moral perfection in his present state. However, Aristotle notes that achievement of excellence in character is possible if one achieves excellence in thought. Confucius also notes that high standards of morality are not possible with the ordinary condition of man, unless empowered by a supreme Heaven-god, MB-SOFT (2008). The three philosophers differ on their understanding of moral character. According to Aristotle, excellence of character is a state of harmony between the feelings and actions. He notes that a vicious character will not live in peace since his soul is not in harmony with his character. Confucius however, bases his understanding of morality on the writings of the sacred texts. He notes that perfect principles of morality are the ones embodied in the sacred texts, Guthrie , W (1975), while Plato ascertains that it is only through proper education that one can attain excellence in character. Of the three philosophers, Aristotle has a better prescription on the
Area of the Research Medical imaging refers to the systems and practices used to produce images of parts of the human body for medical purposes with the aim of disclosing, diagnosing, or studying a particular disease. It entails the study of ordinary body anatomy and functioning. Procedures involved in medical imaging are usually understood as pathology. Several medical imaging techniques exist, and this paper will focus on UltraSonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and plain radiography. Ultra Sonography is an imaging technique that is based on ultra sound and is used for envisaging subcutaneous body parts especially joints and muscles. Frequencies used in this imaging technique range from two to eighteen MHz’s 1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a therapeutic imaging procedure used in radiology to envisage internal body parts that are detailed. It utilizes nuclear magnetic resonance to picture nuclei of molecules in the human body. It offers exceptional comparisons between distinct body tissues, and this makes MRI to be tremendously constructive in medical imaging. Ionizing radiation is absent in MRI. Plain Radiography entails the creation of two-dimensional descriptions of the parts of the human body via x-ray radiations. Well-trained health experts specialising in the use of radiographic machines usually perform this radiography. It is the key stone of the contemporary medical imaging and is used to view almost all parts and organs of the human body. The most crucial sections of medical centers and infirmaries are found in the medical imaging sector. This is where examinations on imaging are carried out. Joints are found where any two bones convene. They allow the skeleton to move since, in their absence, it would be impossible for human beings to move. Synovial joints have a fluid known as the synovial fluid. These are the main joints in the body, and the fluid permits the joints to move about liberally and reduce friction. Synovial joints are the majority in the human body and include pivot, ellipsoidal, hinge, saddle, ball and socket joint and finally the gliding joint. Ball and socket joint usually moves in all ways and is supported by the ligaments. An example is the joints found in the shoulders. This joint consists of muscles, bones, ligaments and many fibers. Shoulders concentrate on military actions and allow for freedom in movement. Joints in the shoulders must be movable enough for the broad range of arm and hand activities. The joints also make the shoulder firm enough to allow for activities such as lifting and pulling 2 . It is difficult to determine the exact pathological crisis with a single imaging modality due to the intricacy of the shoulder joints. The information available on soft tissues is also insufficient if passed through plane radiography, though it provides constructive details about the bone. Ultra Sonography (US) and Ultr
Introduction Throughout the history of human society and governance, various forms of protestations by the governed have characterized disagreements between the governor and the governed. These differences between the rulers and their subjects usually lead to a need for negotiations, and subsequent governance changes in order that the society might continue to exist peacefully. However, when the rulers in such a situation ignore the usually genuine demands of their subjects, the outcome is usually a form of protest and demonstration by the governed in order to express their views more powerfully. Such protests take various forms, and the outcome may be concessions that assuage the demands of the protesting governed or increased control and continued recalcitrance by the rulers and governors concerned. Revolutions are borne out of such stalemates. Dictatorship/autocracy, poverty/inequality, and a desire for personal and communal liberty have characterized the demands of most revolutionary quests throughout history, and this commonality of demands can be seen in the demands of revolutionary masses of the 17th Century Glorious Revolution, as well as, the present day Arab Spring revolutions. In this paper, a historical analysis of crucial revolutions in different countries and eras – beginning with the Glorious Revolution in England and ending with the Arab Spring revolutions of recent days – will be undertaken. The causes, characteristics, and outcomes of these revolutions will be analyzed. The commonality of the revolutions and their importance in a socio-h