ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Diagram 1. Direct On-Line (DOC) starter circuit diagram. Diagram Analysis The above is the diagram of the Direct On-Line (DOC) starter connected to the 3-phase cage rotor induction motor. Control fuses at the top of the diagram are necessary for the process of voltage control and the starter performance monitoring (Payne, 2007, p. 110). Fused isolators are used for providing access to the rotor in case if a failure occurs and the rotor is to be switched off, disconnected, and maintained. The power and the control circuits are the two obligatory starter elements (Payne, 2007, p. 111). The power circuit is presented in thick lines, while the control circuit is in thin lines. The 400 V Coil is supplied to the diagram to provide an equal voltage of 400 V per supply line (Payne, 2007, p. 111). Start and Stop buttons serve the purpose of switching the starter on and off in case of necessity. The link between the Stop button and the Start button is designed from the three wires. Two of those wires from the mutual connection between the buttons, while the third wire serves the purpose of connecting the Stop button with the Hold On contact. The latter is designed for putting the starter in the waiting regime while the voltage is supplied to the supply lines of the starter but the starter as such and the motor are switched off by pushing the Stop button (Payne, 2007, p. 111). The overload contact allows the maintenance of the starter in a proper regime and with the necessary voltage rates. The indicator of the overload contact informs the starter user about the mechanism overload and is the first sign that over- or under-voltage protective means will soon be implemented (Payne, 2007, p. 114). Over Current Relay, also known as OCR, is used for protecting the motor from overload. Finally, the red, yellow, and blue wires serve the purpose of connecting the DOL starter to the 3-pha
Introduction Films are good examples and portrayals of human behavior in different citations. Many movies show characters with a specific mental disorder and how this condition impacts the actions and perceptions of individuals. Although one should watch these portrayals with caution because they are not always representative of real-life psychological illnesses, films can serve as suitable study materials. American Psycho, directed by Harron, follows a life of a complex character, named Patrick Bateman. Bateman suffers from several disorders, including narcissistic personality disorder and antisocial disorder. In order to present potential diagnoses properly, criteria developed by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) should be used. This paper will briefly summarize the plot of American Psycho and analyze Patrick Bateman’s psychological disorders. Summary of the Film American Psycho is the director’s view of the modern culture of earning more and spending more and the dynamic work environment of the corporate organizations. The main character, who will be the basis of this paper’s analysis, is Patrick Bateman, who is a young and successful individual (Harron, 1999). Bateman has a steady job and a fiancé, but his behavior consistently points out a lack of connection with reality. From the beginning of this movie, Bateman is preoccupied with superficial things, such as his appearance, the fact that he only wears Versace suits, the business cards he has, dinner reservations, and other things (Harron, 1999). The plot shows Bateman’s day-to-day life, his meetings with colleagues, interactions with his fiancé, and other routines. In this movie, Patrick Bateman is a young professional working a corporate job. For the public, he is a handsome and successful man. However, Bateman also has a secret life since he is also a serial killer (Harron, 1999). He manages to conduct the killings despite the fact that he has a mistress and a fiancé since some of his crimes happen at his apartment. This shows the nature of some psychological disorders and the fact that even the closest relatives and friends can be unaware of the individual’s condition. Over the course of this movie, Bateman kills several people in different circumstances, including a homeless man at the beginning. The latter was murdered because Bateman became upset due to the fact that his colleague had a better business card (Harron, 1999). Moreover, the movie shows some unusual events, such as Bateman reading “feed me a stray cat” on the ATM (Harron, 1990). Bateman is shown to invite prostitutes into his apartment, as well as attempt to murder one of them with a chain saw. In the end, Bateman tries to confess his crimes to his colleagues and his layer, but these individuals dismiss his words by stating that one of the victims Bateman claims to kill, Paul Allen, is still alive. In summary, this movie intends to show the dangerous nature of some disorders, which cause people to lose connection with reality. In the end, this film reveals that the kill
The improvement in the taxation policy in developed states has resulted to a remarkable success. On the other hand, developing states experience immense tax policy challenges. This is in the attempt to institute efficient tax systems. This paper is aimed at exploring the challenges states face while managing their tax policy, how states make choices between various types of revenues, and how states cope with challenges, such as higher education costs and changing economy. Challenges States Face in Managing Tax Policy While managing their tax policy, states experience challenges such as poor tax administration, absence of statistical figures and data, increased underground economy, taxes multiplicity, and the incompetence to rank tax effort (Atkinson, 1977). One of the challenges that states face is an evidenced escalation in the general budget deficits. This implies that even after several reforms, no improvement is experienced in domestic revenue mobilization growth. The commonness of budget deficits is an indication that states’ tax policies require imperative appraisal. This will ensure greater tax revenues. The value and worthiness of resources that tax administrators require are substantially determined by the prevalent tax policy. The tax system in the majority of the developing countries is lopsided. Moreover, it is dominated by particular revenues. Consequently, establishing efficient and effective tax systems is surrounded by formidable challenges. A popular challenge that leads to this is inaccessibility to tax statistics. Irrespective of the fact that taxation is an old government activity in many states, tax statistics are unavailable. State agencies, as well as related federal tax offices, possess a grave data management failure. In addition, nothing is done to routinely collect or analyse the limited data that is accessible. To make matters worse, there are no efforts to store or make the data easy to retrieve and assess. As a
Summary The ARTReach is a communal project that was established specifically to give women aged between sixteen and twenty-five years a chance to explore their potentials in arts through developing life skills in therapy techniques. Through the project, women have an opportunity to express what is deemed significant in their daily lives. They are able to achieve their objectives through the creative process that is related to self-discovery, life skills, group communication, communal associations, and festivities. The project offers a wide range of activities, including mosaic, sculpture, life mapping, societal banners, and working with canvas and paints. The project is intended to promote and support women annually in such a way that they will be able to interact with the community through providing essential services. Studies show that the works of art play an important role in empowering involved members, as well as the wider community. This is because it allows participants to express themselves and recognise their talents. Moreover, participants are in a position to come up with some of the problems that interfere with talent development and career development. The ARTReach is a communal project with several stakeholders, such as Geelong, Karingal, Encompass, and Geelong Mood. These stakeholders will have a specified role to play, which is related to assisting participants to adapt to the new environment (Butterfoss 2007, p. 12). After the project, stakeholders would also be included in the evaluation plan. Background of the ARTReach Project and its Description through a Logical Model As already noted in the introduction section, ARTReach project aims at empowering women in developing their talents in arts such as modelli
Introduction Many organisations often strive to make sure their employees are satisfied with their jobs (Gregory, 2014). They do so because they know that job satisfaction influences organisational productivity (Shajahan, 2007). Relative to this assertion, Rast and Tourani (2012) say, “Satisfied employees would produce superior performance in a short time, which leads to increase profits. When employees are satisfied with their work, they would be more creative and innovative and offer advances that allow companies to evolve positively over time with changes in market conditions” (p. 91). According to Ghuman (2014), the failure to acknowledge the importance of job satisfaction has a negative impact on employee performance because research studies have shown that dissatisfied employees are often less committed to their work and are less likely to steer an organisation to achieve its goals. Supporting this assertion, Gaspar, Bierman, Kolari, Hise and Smith (2005) found out that job satisfaction shares an indirect correlation with employee absenteeism, workplace accidents, and employee stress. Based on the negative effects that job dissatisfaction could have on organisational productivity, researchers have strived to investigate different factors that would influence job satisfaction. Their findings appear in the literature review below Literature Review Job satisfaction is a relatively common research topic in studies that investigate employee relations (Gaspar et al., 2005). Most of them have identified unique theories that apply to the issue. The disposition and the hygiene theories are common theoretical underpinnings of this research issue. However, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is another framework that has gained traction in this field of study. A discussion of these theories appears below Disposition Theory The disposition theory postulates that job satisfaction levels closely tie with employee personality (Ghuman, 2014). According to Rast and Tourani (2012), different personality types predispose employee groups to different levels of satisfaction. The satisfaction standards are often constant for a long time. Longitudinal studies in the US have affirmed this fact by showing that personality types could cause stable and constant job satisfaction levels of up to five years, regardless of changes in careers (Rast & Tourani, 2012). Motivator-Hygiene Theory The Motivator-Hygiene Theory uses different premises to investigate factors that affect job satisfaction. Unlike other organisational behaviour theories, it argues that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are not two ends of the same continuum (Ghuman, 2014). This assertion stems from studies, which have shown that the two concepts may be unrelated and sometimes separate (Shajahan, 2007). Based on this understanding, the motivator-hygiene theory suggests that motivating factors, such as financial benefits, employee recognitio
Teratogens are substances, which when exposed to pregnant women, they cause harmful effects to the fetus before or after birth. After birth, exposure to the teratogens may be necessitated through breastfeeding. These teratogens include alcohol, illegal drugs, prescription/nonprescription medication, vaccines, environmental and occupational exposures among other things. Whenever a pregnant woman is exposed to such teratogens, the teratogen is absorbed into the bloodstream and then passed onto the developing fetus through the placenta. In this study, teratogen alcohol is discussed. Teratogen alcohol is a widely recognized teratogen used by pregnant women. Additionally, this teratogen is ranked among the leading teratogens that cause physical malformations, neurological, and mental retardation in fetuses. In regards to the effects of alcohol on a fetus, the effects may be minor or severe. Once a pregnant woman consumes alcohol, the alcohol level in her blood is equivalent to the alcohol level in the fetus’ blood only after a few minutes. The toxic nature of alcohol affects the growing cell of the fetus. This hinders development and placement. However, the extent of damage by this teratogen to the fetus is dependent on the amount, pattern, timing of exposure, and genetic makeup. The consumption rate of alcohol by the pregnant woman is a major determinant of the extent of the damage. Pregnant women with a low consumption rate, probably 2 to 4 on frequent drinks, will have a fetal alcohol effect on the fetus. This effect is characterized by developmental delays, lowered hyperactivity of the child, and low miscarriage risks. On the other hand, pregnant women who are heavy consumers of alcohol, probably chronic (5-6 bottles of alcohol daily) and binge drinkers, may experience Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) (Roberton, and South, p. 285). In such a case, the risks of miscarriage are high, and in cases where the miscarriage does not happen, the fetus succumbs to long term effects before and/or after birth. These effects are permanent and are known as a primary disability. These include head and facial abnormalities such as small head, eyes, and nose; mental retardation due to brain impairment and heart defects. Apart from the above impacts, exposure to alcohol has other risks. These are known as secondary effects. The affected children experience secondary effects associated with social life. These secondary effects include homelessness, joblessness, social isolation, mental problems, behavioural problems
Introduction   * The City of Melbourne is chosen as a target community.   * The drug and substance abuse problem is discussed.   * The analysis aims to assess the relevance of the actions taken.   * The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion is used as a guideline.   * Three action areas of the Charter are applied.   * The research team includes the following participants: LIST THE NAMES. This team project involves assessing the drug and substance abuse problem in the City of Melbourne as a community that is an important administrative centre of Victoria. To analyse the effectiveness of the measures that the authorities and healthcare boards take, three action areas of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion will be utilised as a background for the assessment. These areas concern building healthy public policy, strengthening community actions and reorienting health services. Build Healthy Public Policy   * Expanding treatment services to help the target population (“Alcohol and other drug treatment services,” 2017).   * Addressing the issue of youth substance addiction (Borschmann et al., 2018).   * The local legislation to minimise homelessness in the community (Petty & Young, 2020).   * Taking into account the needs of different categories of the population (Ryan et al., 2018).   * Removing barriers to addressing related problems, such as mental disorders (Scott et al., 2016).   * Promoting financial assistance and problem control programmes. Building healthy public policies to address the issue in question requires the interaction of different stakeholders. On the part of the authorities, relevant legislative initiatives come, for instance, the promotion of the law to reduce homelessness and the removal of barriers to access to healthcare services. Medical boards, in turn, promote strategies to assist vulnerable populations and participate in formal programmes aimed to develop interventions. Strengthen Community Actions   * Promoting counselling services to strengthen community actions (“Drug and alcohol counselling,” 2020).   * Identifying social risk factors, for instance, negative family histories (Kinner et al., 2015).   * Control over drug-related hospital admissions and pill testing (“Medically supervised injecting centres,” 2020).   * Disseminating the information about the issue, for instance, severe complications (Ogloff et al., 2017).   * Providing learning opportunities and engaging the target audience (Williams et al., 2015).   * Findings ways to enhance support and establish free communication with the population. Strengthening community actions is an area that involves implementing the necessary tasks to enhance the practice of interacting with the target audience. As a topical measure, in the City of Melbourne, counselling services and drug-related control are promoted. In addition, the information about the threats of the drug and substance abuse problem is disseminated among the population, and residents receive learning opportunities. Open communication is one of
Introduction The two organizations under analysis, Timothy Willis Ltd and the editorial department headed by Ian McCullem illustrate that organizational structure, culture and management behavior have a great impact on relations between employees and performance of the organization. The nature of organizational behavior can be interesting in a number of ways. In the research paper, organizational behavior will refer to the structure of relationships among individuals. A static approach regards organizational behavior as a process or a part of management concerned with change or growth of the structure. Organizations (like a weekly newspaper publisher) are primarily complex goal-seeking units which in order to survive must accomplish tasks, e.g. they must maintain their internal system to coordinate the human side of enterprise and must adapt to and shape the external environment. Organizational Cultures Timothy Willis Ltd and the editorial department headed by Ian McCullem have positive organizational cultures based on strong leadership and mutual understanding. According to Mullins, “Organizational behavior does not encompass the whole of management; it is more accurately described in the narrower interpretation of providing a behavioral approach to management” (Mullins, 1993, p.2). At Timothy Willis Ltd., organizational behavior includes people behavior, management processes, organizational context and processes, and the influence of external environment. The term “behavior” is used to explain “a selective, interdisciplinary approach to the study of human behavior” (Mullins, 1993, p.2-3). In both organizations, culture is a part of business action that is socially as opposed to genetically transmitted. It comprises ideas through which managers perceive and interpret the world, symbols they use to communicate these ideas, and institutions which enable individuals to become socialized and satisfy their needs (Robbins, 2004). The main difference between the organizations is that Timothy Willis Ltd follows formal structure in relations while Ian McCullem establishes informal communication and interaction patterns. Informal communication has a great influence on management decisions and their implementations. At its most visible it represents those arte-facts and goods that most readily distinguish one culture
Introduction The article by Casey Hayden and Mary king seeks to ameliorate the position of women in the society and the formation of movements as an avenue to fight for their rights. They draw an analogy on the treatment of women in the society and the treatment of Negroes. They argue that women find themselves in common law caste that forces them to operate in a hierarchical power structure which alienates them not only in public situations but also in personal situations. Main Body They identified the following as the factors that bedevil women in the society; caste system that is not institutionalized by law, which women can withdraw from any situation or even overthrow, and biological difference. They discussed it in the following three dimensions; Having learned from the movement to think radically about the personal worth and abilities of people whose role in society had gone unchallenged before, a lot of women in the movement have begun trying to apply those lessons to their own relations with men. (Hayden and King 1). Institutions; there have been questions about societal institutions that shape the perspectives of men and women, these has led to people experiencing with different forms of child bearing patterns. Conclusion Women and the problems of work; the unconventional caste system in the society clearly stipulates the roles that are assigned to men and women. This role definition range from who cleans leadership house, who occupies leadership position to who does secretarial work. There are also problems with the association among women especial the black and white ones (Hayden and King 1). Works Cited Hayden, Casey and King, Mary . “Sex and Caste: A Kind of Memo.” In “Taking’ it to the Streets”: A Sixties Reader by Alexander Bloom & Wini Breines, (Eds) . New York: Oxford University, 1995. Print.
Introduction Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning were two great writers of the 19 th century. One cannot get a better understanding of one of these writers without looking at the works of the other. This is because the life and works of these two writers are connected. These two were united in what was regarded as an ideal marriage between two great writers in history. In this paper, we will make a detailed comparison of these great writers. Robert Browning Born in 1812 Robert Browning has been said to have had a mixed ancestors. It is said that his great artistic instincts were inherited from his father, an artistic and cultured man who worked as a subordinate in the Bank of England. Before starting to write, Browning used to compose verses, which made him seem for sometime to be headed towards music rather than poetry. He had an irregular early formal education, but he managed to get large information from his father’s library. Browning lived a healthy and active life. He was not allowed to attend the universities because his parents were regarded as dissenters. At the age of seventeen, his father reluctantly allowed him to pursue poetry as a profession. He continued staying with his parents for another seventeen years, interacting normally with friends but did not give up with his writing. He gradually developed a reputation in some critics although, with little impression to the public. Many people who have read his poems agree that some of the best poems were written during this time, ‘My Last Duchess’ . He also wrote some great poetic dramas such as ‘Pippa Passes’ . All his poems were great although they require serious attention from readers to be understood. It was in poetry that Brown met and married his wife Elizabeth Barrett Browning in 1846. Their marriage only lasted for fifteen years because his wife died in 1861. After the death of his wife, Robert dedicated the rest of his life on accomplishing the wishes of Elizabeth. He died in 1889, and was buried in Westminster Abbey in England (Poets 1). Elizabeth Barrett Browning Elizabeth Barrett Browning was born in 1806 to a country man who lived in London Herefordshire. She was born naturally healthy and intelligent. Her early life was filled with verse writing