ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Despite living in what some refer to as modern times there are some gender roles that each sex continues to play in society. The woman is expected to be beautiful, passive, and a homemaker. The man is expected to be tough, business-minded, and competitive (Men’s health 4). This trend is reflected by the media, the media is a mirror of society. This paper covers the portrayal of men and women in the media plus changes from the traditional stereotypical roles. The first paper defines the meaning of sexuality. The media is being used to reinforce stereotypes in both sexes. Introduction Sexuality is the human expression of themselves as sexual beings this can be in the physical form, emotional expression, and biological aspects (Men’s health 12). Sexuality dictates that a beautiful woman is a thin, blonde woman. There is an emphasis on being young and youth. Reality TV has also promoted this view. America’s next top model always puts one plus-size on its show. Towards the end of the show, they are usually eliminated for various excuses. Women have been exploited more in the use of sex to sell products (Cosmopolitan 7). They sell a range of products from cars to food. Some products are associated with and advertised with a specific sex. For instance, beer is commonly advertised by males. The media includes television, magazines, and the internet. The American magazines are divided into women’s or men’s magazines. There are rarely general magazines. The media has magazines based on specialized topics such as health, good housekeeping, and others targeting certain ethnic communities. It is a trend to portray women in housekeeping magazines. Men are portrayed in covers of motor vehicle magazines and their specialized magazines such as men’s health (Men’s health 18). The media reflects the roles assigned to men and women. The woman is the homemaker. How the media has portrayed men Media brings out masculinity in advertisements; men are expected to courageously meet challenges. An example is the Guinness advert. Here, the young man holds the key to the team’s victory. His last strike will determine whether the team losses or not (Cosmopolitan 15). He has a scar on his face to emphasize his masculinity and the impression of someone tough. He then imagines the good thing in store for him if he wins one of which is Guinness. Most Guinness adverts revolve around themes such as male strength, bringing out power, and success. Sometimes there seems to be a disconnection between the drink and the heroic actions in the advert. How the media has portrayed women The media places more stress on how a woman is supposed to look. One finds a magazine using derogatory terms such as it has been a year; you should have lost the baby fat. The ironic th
Introduction: Nuclear Activities Overview The policy paper targets the governments of the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the United Arab Emirates in particular. The work concerns the danger of the possible nuclear activities, which can be caused by the conflict between Iran and Israel. As such conflict would put a serious threat to the safety of the region, the policy aims at the acceptance of nuclear deal and the development of the effective course of actions aimed at eliminating the threat of the nuclear war between the confronting states and balancing the power in the region. The Roots of the Nuclear Conflict The roots of the nuclear challenges stem from the development of reactors and uranium enrichment. The threat, which evolved in the second part of the 20 th century, came from the government of Iran, which claimed nuclear weapon elaboration. The act of Iran stirred not only its neighbors, which are Israel and the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council but the United States as well since the enrichment of uranium contradicted the Treaty of United Nations on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The conflict sharpened when the opposing government of the USA made an agreement with Israel, which aimed at the prevention of nuclear holocaust in Iran and the neighborhood. At this point, Iran officials developed an escalating rhetoric against Israel authority and the claim about the future war against Israel was made. The disagreement between two Eastern countries started when Iranian government took an orientation on political leadership revelation, which flew into a proxy conflict. The estimation of the military forces of the states shows the absurdity of the nuclear war. The reason for that starts in the military sphere since Iran possessed approximately 3.8 million of troops while Israel has only 750,000 troops. Moreover, there are considerable population differences as well as oil production potentials, which demonstrate the weakness of Israel. Recently, the Iranian government signed an interim deal with the United States, which demonstrated that the latter might choose a direction of cooperation with Iran. Nevertheless, the countries of GCC face the need to establish effective cooperation with the Western partners to prevent the possibility of nuclear holocaust in the region (Dueck & Takeyh, 2013). The united efforts promoted by such partnership can contribute to the stabilization of relations between Israel and Iran. The importance of the policy agreement may be defined if one views the consequences of the nu
The play A Midsummer Night’s Dream was written by William Shakespeare during the 16 th century. This play can be discussed as the comedy which is based on the magic plot referred to the humorous and fairy-tale adventures of the main characters in Athens. It is important to note that a play has the most important impact on the audience when it is performed on stage. Today, film adaptations can also be discussed as the variants of the plays’ production. From this point, it is necessary to refer to the most vivid film adaptation of the play realized by Michael Hoffman in 1999. To analyze the play or its adaptation, a person should refer to the approaches proposed by the German playwright Johann Wolfgang Goethe and the Greek philosopher Aristotle in order to discuss the aspects of the play and its success. On the one hand, the analysis of the play’s text cannot reflect the real meaning or idea based on the author’s intention without references to the real performance on stage. On the other hand, the vision of the director can also affect the audience’s vision of the play and its idea significantly. That is why, it is important to balance these positions while analyzing the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream with references to Hoffman’s film. A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1999) is the vivid and expressive film adaptation of the classic Shakespeare’s play which is characterized by bright pictures and the accentuated comic component to emphasize the farce of the story. According to Aristotle’s viewpoint, there are six significant elements in the play which should be discussed in detail in order to analyze it effectively. These elements are the plot, thought, character, diction, spectacle, and song (Downs, Wright, and Ramsey 88-89). Focusing on the play, it is important to determine several lines of the plot which include the stories of relationships between Lysander, Hermia, Demetrius, and Helena, between King Oberon and Queen Titania, between Duke Theseus and Hippolyta. All these plot lines are closely connected guaranteeing the complex and interesting net development in the play. The element of thought is presented in the play with references to the moral ideals which are followed by different characters. Thus, the plot development depends on the progress of the characters’ complicated relations which are reflected in their love for each other, affection, and even hate and revenge. Referring to the play’s characters, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that Hoffman’s interpretation of the characters differs from Shakespeare’s original descriptions ( A Midsummer Night’s Dream ). Thus, Hoffman’s characters are more comic and inconsistent in their actions, they are too expressive and even grotesque, and their actions and ideas are exaggerated. In spite of the fact that the film is based on the play appropriately, and Shakespeare’s words are followed strictly, there are some details which are added to adapt the play to the director’s vision of the play’s world. From this perspective,
Introduction Local governments have various policies that they establish and implement to manage their areas of jurisdiction. Public policies addressing the environmental aspects are among the common local government policies. They seek to minimize environmental impacts. Concurrently, they promote life quality in the concerned areas. Precisely, environmental policies enhance management of activities executed by residents. The general aims of environmental policies incorporate monitoring the environment, creation of environmental awareness, and controlling human activities (Anderson, 2011). The environmental policies usually touch on environmental issues such as air, water, management of waste, and ecosystem preservation among others. Once the local government develops a policy, it has to find ways of funding and sustaining the implementation of the policy for the benefit of the community. This paper focuses on a public policy regarding waste management and environmental protection, sources of the local authority’s revenues, and the funding options for the implementation of the policy. In addition to this, it discusses the effects of public policy on revenue collection, the economic conditions that affect the revenue projections and the ways of formulating public policies that are in agreement with community’s values. The overall objective of the paper is to display the operations of the local governments in relation to policy and revenue collection and use. Sources of Revenue Usually, local governments have to fund the establishment and implementation of public policies. Thus, it is necessary to understand sources of their revenues. Expenditures of the local government are divided into two categories (capital and current expenditures). The capital expenditures are mainly financed by the central government. The current expenditure is that which involve the daily operations of the authority and is financed from various sources. The charges that local governments make for goods and services that they provide is one source of their revenue. The local g
Abstract This research shows elements of wireless intrusion detection and intrusion prevention. It shows the main areas of wireless intrusion and detection together with advantages and challenges of using a wireless intrusion and detection systems. Overall, the research concludes that a wireless IDS offers many advantages than challenges it may present to users. Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have many threats, which could have significant impacts on the network. Threats to WLAN technologies include “wrongly configured wireless access points (WAPs), Denial of Services (DoS) and possible system hijacking” (Max, 2009, p. 3). Wireless networks are also prone to common attacks like TCP/IP and 802.11 threats. TCP/IP threats also are common in networked technologies. WLANs must incorporate security techniques that can detect and defend against potential threats. These are intrusion detection system (IDS) solutions. Introduction WLANs have the same IDS as a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) because they can also evaluate network traffic for potential security threats. However, IDS can evaluate specific areas, which only relate to WLAN. These include WAPs, rogue WAPs, and offsite users. The growth in wireless technologies has allowed networks to support wireless devices at different sections of the network typology. This suggests that WLAN IDS have critical roles to play in network securities. WLANs may have unconnected wireless sensors to analyze traffic. The physical location of a sensor is critical for effective analysis of network traffic. The location normally influences what a network sensor can detect and monitor. Network sensors should have the ability to monitor all gadgets that can gain access to the network. Some wireless networks may have more than a single sensor. These sensors go beyond the normal scope of network operations. In most cases, the WLAN may have a single channel, but it also has options of running on several channels. Thus, WLAN sensor may effectively serve a single channel. However, regular changes can ensure that WLAN sensors can analyze several channels. IDS has many parts, such as consoles, databases, and system sensors. Users can run the system on either a centralized or decentralized platform. Figure 1: WLAN IDS Wireless Threats Wireless local area networks are susceptible to a number of threats. The normal 802.11 encryption has become susceptible to attacks (Max, 2009, p. 7). In addition, the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) may not withstand constant brute force attacks. In other words, encryption alone cannot protect the network because the intruder can still attack and decrypt sensitive information in wireless networks. Attackers also rely on rogue WAP to attack WL
Introduction E-commerce is a powerful force in global business that has completely transformed the way goods are being purchased around the world. In addition to changing the structure of modern business operations, e-commerce, as well as the ever-evolving information technology (IT) that precipitated its emergence, has completely transformed logistics (Bowersox et al. 2013; Qin et al. 2014). Modern business to consumer companies (B2Cs) must have seamless coordination between their e-commerce activities and logistics in order to gain and retain a competitive edge in the business environment characterized by a high level of rivalry. In fact, if an e-commerce company is not capable of delivering goods on time, its customers will opt either for a traditional shopping environment (brick and mortar stores) or will turn to its competitors. Therefore, without the support of effective logistics, it is impossible to imagine a viable e-commerce model. The aim of this paper is to analyze the logistics operations of the largest e-commerce company in the world and identify several areas for improvement. The paper will focus on the following areas of Amazon’s logistics operations: inventory, transportation, packaging, handling, and warehousing. It will also provide recommendations for minimizing logistics costs and improving the logistical value proposition. Overview of the Company Amazon.com, Inc. (henceforth Amazon) is an e-commerce company based in Seattle that dominates the market of Internet shopping. The company was established in 1994 and became the largest retailer in the world whose revenue surpassed $61 billion in 2012 (Taniguchi & Thompson 2015). The tech giant continuously expands its overseas presence and, currently, it holds dominant positions in the UK, the US, Australia, Japan, China, India, Mexico, and many European countries among others. Amazon operates multiple websites and has more than 40 subsidiaries around the globe (Amazon n.d.). The retailing powerhouse specializes in selling numerous products and services that include, but are not limited to, books, apparel, consumer electronics, food, groceries, tools, musical instruments, and software. Also, a company’s recent announcement to acquire Whole Foods Market in a $13.4 billion deal shows its intention to challenge a multinational retailing corporation Walmart by becoming a major player in grocery retail (Goldman 2017; Wingfield & Merced 2017). Figure 1 shows the company’s rankings in US retail sales, advertising spending, and market value. Figure 1: Amazon’s rankings (AGC Partners 2016). Amazon Logistics Before starting the overview of the company’s logistics operations, it is important to formulate a precise and comprehensive definition of the term ‘logistics.’ According to Richardson, Castree, and Marston (2017, p. 143), logistics refers to “the
The articles selected for analysis discuss the problem of ethical principles and information disclosure in healthcare. “Whatever Happened to Clinical Privacy” by Freeny (2007) describes the problem of ethical principles and norms in psychotherapy. The author states that privacy and protection of clinical information should be the core of ethical issues introduced in a healthcare setting. Special attention is given to legal and moral principles of psychotherapy. The article “Managed Care” by M., Mattson and M. Brann, M (2004) describes the problem of information pricy in managed care and understanding of ethical issues by medical professionals. The main problems identified by the authors are lack of confidentiality and privacy, neglect of duties and responsibilities by medical professionals. The article states that over the last decade, researchers examined the problem of emotional experiences by both inducing disclosure and examining disclosure in individuals’ day-to-day lives. Both works are credible and objective published in peer-reviewed journals. Both of these articles do not need “fact check” because they are based on literature reviews and substantial analysis of the problems. The main points of interest are that disclosing personal issues has been found to promote health, well-being, and certain personal behavior patterns. There is theoretical evidence that emotions and attitudes affect the health of patients. The main negative factors of the disclosure are distress, negative moods, and depression. The results of the articles based on a meta-analysis of well-being and written disclosure studies underline the negative effect of violation of privacy in healthcare organizations. The articles inform audiences about problems and causes of information disclosure in healthcare and provide solutions to information privacy. “Rules governing the sharing of confidential information range on a continuum from loosely to tightly controlled” (Mattson and Brann 2004, p. 337). Special attention is given to two different types of information disclosure: talking and writing, The researchers found that written disclosure may finally prove more useful than the interpersonally based disclosure process. It seems the lack of ethical principles and rules interferes with the development of a personal narrative and the assimilation of traumatic memories. Disclosing about the traumatic event to the
Introduction Project management is becoming an integral part of the decision making in the world today. Decision tree analysis plays an important role in accomplishing this daunting task for managers. In cases where uncertainty is rife in making decisions, this technique is applicable. When a decision needs to be made concerning choosing from a range of available options, it becomes so ambiguous and unknowable. Due to this, the analysis of which solution is best suited for implementation involves the use of a decision tree. Decision trees are the most effective way of making decisions since; the problem is clearly set, and it allows full analysis of the risks in a decision. Another benefit of decision trees is that they help in making the most feasible decisions based on existing information (Mind Tools, 2011). Result of a decision tree analysis In performing a decision tree analysis, the possible, resulting solution is a classification. Explanation The resulting solution is a classification because the data set used in a decision tree known to the user. The decision tree analysis works out in classification since the data set indicates a known class assignment. In carrying out the analysis, two approaches in classification are feasible. First, there is the selection of the specific models, and then new data is assigned to them (Mind Tools, 2011). Describe and discuss the concept of clustering, including its use with respect to data mining Clustering is a process used in sorting data into groups called clusters with a distinct distance between elements in a particular group. In establishing a cluster, it is evident that the number of clusters is of a given number known to the user. Clustering has several types, such as hierarchical clustering, which creates a tree-like structure in representing data in a hierarchy of clusters. At the root is a single cluster that represents all the observations made. Hierarchical clustering uses agglomerative algorithms in analyzing data. The analysis takes each element as a different cluster on its own then later merge them as one larg
Chinese culture is an acquired compliment of a long interactive process. It depends on period of time in which an individual is exposed to the interactive process and level of internalization of the subculture. Reflectively, culture varies from one geographic region to another. Besides, subcultures are unique in terms of beliefs, practices, and communicative gestures or language. Thus, this reflective treatise presents in-depth analysis of the Chinese cultural group in terms of socialization, education, religion and ethnicity. The government of China values education and hence allocates about 10% of GDP to the sector. Most students attend state schools where education is subsidized by the state but some do attend independent schools and private schools. In most state schools, social sciences are elective but not mandatory subject. Mathematics and Chinese language account for more than sixty percent of class time during primary education stage. From kindergarten, a learner moves to primary the junior secondary education stages. Depending on the grades at junior secondary, a student may move to either vocational secondary or senior secondary before joining vocational and higher education centers respectively. In China, family is the most established social group. Gender and ethnicity generally define status in the Chinese society (Kirshner, 2010). Male dominance is common in the society which is slowly fading off with increased education and the fact that women are taking on tasks that were traditionally considered as reserved for the male gender. There are lower and upper classes defined by economic, leadership, and religious status of the members. The main religion in China is Buddhism which dictates the unique traditional dressing characterized by long acrylic colorful garments with printed philosophical words and patterns that have been preserved across many generations. Reflectively, religion in China is one of the most powerful tools of regulating the society. The principles of the Buddhism religion are specific on expected norms and laid down institutions that address a breach on the same (Kirshner, 2010). For instance, the deity framework tolerates as well as respects others of different opinions. The fundamental ideas from the public Confucius culture of the Chinese can be interpreted into social conception of the ideal sages that differentiated the freestanding since its content was set out independently of the comprehensive doctrines that members of the Chinese culture affirm (Zhuangzi, 2013). There are five main ethnic groups in China. These ethnic groups are the Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, and the Philippines), the Hispanic (Nicaragua, Chile, Mexican, and Cuban), the Whites (Europeans, Americans, and others), the Indians, and the African Americans. Within the native