ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This paper is aimed at discussing two films that represent different approaches to documentary cinema. In particular, one should first focus on Chronicle of a Summer directed by Edgar Morin and Jean Rouch. Secondly, it is necessary to examine such a movie as Titicut Follies by Frederick Wiseman. Overall, they represent such genres as cinema vérité and direct cinema. In both cases, the film-makers attempt to depict the surrounding world in a realistic way without trying to conceal social problems or immoral behavior of other people. Nevertheless, one should keep in mind that the advocates of cinema vérité such as Edgar Morin actively interact with people who are featured in the film. In this way, the film-makers may prompt them to change their behavior. In contrast, the directors supporting direct cinema approach try to act as invisible observers who do not usually interact with people. These are the main questions that should be discussed more closely. One should mention that the film Chronicle of a Summer explores various issues that were affecting the France society in the early sixties. In particular, they focused on the experiences of the working class. More importantly, the directors involved people who were not professional actors. These people were encouraged to answer a series of questions about their lives. One should note the participants represented different age groups, genders, and professions. More importantly, the directors later asked the subjects if the firm had been realistic enough. The main benefit of this approach is that it increases the authenticity of the documentary. This is one of the main aspects that should be taken into consideration. The techniques applied by Edgar Morin and Jean Rouch were later used by other film-makers. Additionally, it is important to examine Titicut Follies directed by Frederick Wiseman as it is a great example of direct cinema. The representatives of this approach also lay stress on the need for realism. In particular, Frederick Wiseman and his colleagues examined the experiences of patients who stayed at Bridgewater State Hospital. One should keep in mind that these people were accused of crimes, but they were also declared to be insane. The film-makers did not directly interact with these individuals. Nevertheless, they were ab
Abstract Nigeria is selected for this analysis because it is an emerging economy in the African continent. The selected product stands a chance to transform the experiences of more people in Nigeria. Before doing the intended business in Nigeria, it is appropriate to consider the demographics, environment, culture, politics, and banking system. The aspects and attributes presented in this document define the Nigerian market. The analysis concludes by arguing that the decision to market the targeted motorcycles in Nigeria will pay off because of the existing opportunities and favorable business environments. Introduction Managers and entrepreneurs should analyze the unique attributes of different markets before launching their products. The acquired information is then used to make appropriate marketing decisions (Okonjo-Iweala, 2012). The analysis equips the marketer with adequate data and information that can be used to design the most appropriate business models. The information presented below can be used to establish the appropriateness (or inappropriateness) of introducing the intended motorcycles in the Nigerian market. Demographics Nigeria’s demographics have changed significantly within the past five decades. Since 1960, the country’s population has increased due to high birth rates. The latest census of 2010 indicated that the country had around 159 million citizens (Okonjo-Iweala, 2012). The majority of citizens in the country are aged between 15 and 64 years. The percentage of this group is around 54 (African Development Bank Group, 2015). Individuals aged between 1 and 14 years of age amount to 44 percent (Okonjo-Iweala, 2012). The number of males is more or less similar to that of females in the country. Experts believe strongly that the country’s population will increase to 180 million by the year 2018 (African Development Bank Group, 2015). The life expectancy in the country is estimated to be 52 years (Okonjo-Iweala, 2012). Literacy levels in the country are acceptable. This is the case because the current rate stands at 78.6 percent. The majority of people in Nigeria are either Muslims or Christians. Other common religions in the country include Judaism, African Traditional Religion, Bahai, and the Ogboni Fraternity (Okonjo-Iweala, 2012). Some of the evils or social rots associated with this country include organized crime, prostitution, and drug trafficking. Some of the trafficked drugs include heroin and bhang. Corruption has remained extremely high in this sub-Saharan country. This is the case because “Nigeria was ranked 136 out of 168 nations by Transparency International in 2015” (African Developmen
Statement of the Problem The case study examines Walmart Health, an emerging healthcare initiative introduced by the retailer. The authors suggest that Walmart became involved in the healthcare industry by encouraging its employees to earn bachelor’s degrees in health services/administration by subsidizing their education within its Live Better U program. Additionally, Walmart promoted health by providing full coverage for surgical pr
Notwithstanding the extraordinarily growing rate of its military and economic power, China claims that other Asian nations should not be afraid of their powerful neighbor. According to Beijing, China has always preferred the soft power of the Confucian Wang Dao (Way of the King) to the hard power of the Legalist Ba Dao (Way of the Hegemon). The discrepancies between the Confucian rhetoric of the decision-making elites and the actual strategic behavior of China has attracted the attention of many scholars, each of them having an opinion of the country’s strategic culture and explaining it through a variety of arguments. The current paper analyzes the views of Alastair Johnston and Yuan-kang Wang on the matter and outlines similarities and divergences in their interpretations. Confucian strategic paradigm involves the Confucian idea of just or righteous war. Under its premises, the deployment of violence is allowed under some circumstances. One way of justifying war is when it is initiated by legitimate authority. 1 The other condition under which violence is approved is its use with the aim of punishing the unruly. 2 The Chinese people claim that the Confucian paradigm impacted their choice of finding non-violent solutions to significant security issues. However, scholars argue that Confucian paradigm does not in fact prevail in Chinese choices of resolving the problems. Both Johnston and Wang consider that the actual paradigm preferred by China has little, if not to say none at all, to do with culture. Still, they disagree in their explanations of what constitutes China’s strategy. According to Johnston, the security paradigm of any culture rests on the answers to three broad questions about the place that the war occupies in human affairs, the nature of the enemy, and the efficiency of military force. 3 These questions form the central paradigm, and answers to them explain the methods of managing security threats. Johnston considers China’s assumptions to belong to the parabellum paradigm that originates from Latin and means “if you want peace, prepare for war.” 4 As Johnston argues, China employs this paradigm despite claiming its adherence to Confucian ideas of just war. According to the scholar, the parabellum paradigm “stands in contrast with the standard image of Chinese strategic thought” mentioned in the majority of scholarly works. 5 In his analysis of righteous war, Johnston mentions that it presupposes that “the ends clearly justify the means.” 6 Thus, when the ends of the war are considered righteous, its means automatically become righteous, as well. According to Johnston, righteousness does not limit one’s choices but rather “opens them up.” 7 An example of such an assumption is that when an unrighteous action such as invasion is taken with a moral aim, it should be regarded as a righteous one. In some sense, righteousness may be defined as putting things in order. Thus, when such ordering is done legitimately, the process is just. When the ruler cannot employ benevolence, he has to use force. 8 As well as Johnston, Wang analyzes the tradition of just war and its relation to the Chinese strategy. Wang also remarks that China’s
My argument here is that the churches and Australian families were very right to carry out an event last month concerning support on natural marriage and to deny gay the right to marry. This is because according to the Bible and other religions rules, it is very wrong for people of the same sex to get married. Although the number of people supporting same sex marriage is increasing, the practice is very wrong as it violates the virtues of Christians. This means that in the coming years, this practice will have to be legalized in Australia no matter what since the percentage of the supporters will be. This also shows that although marriage of the same sex has a minority population in comparison to natural marriage, the population will hike in the near future (Thomas 99). The best thing is that politics and politicians of Australia are also against gay practice, and the urge of gay marriage is less inducing than the advantages of doing so. This makes it hard for even a conscience vote on gay marriage to go through both chambers. Although there is the pressure to standardize the situation, I honestly
Executive Summary This is a design project for Sharjah Higher Colleges of Technology, UAE. The construction of the stadium is ordered by the government, and the estimated time of completion is August 2018. The following project covers the scope management plan, work breakdown structure, project constraints, time management issues, resource and cost requirements, human resource management, and risk management. Scope Management Plan Sharjah Higher Colleges of Technology have long since required a stadium to practice sports and conduct sports competitions of various kinds between faculties and other colleges. Sport promotes healthy living, teamwork, physical prowess, and contributes to the prosperity and well-being of the nation. Simultaneously, sporting competitions have high entertainment value, especially in the UAE, where many sports are spectated and practiced. Simultaneously, Sharjah Higher Colleges of Technology does not have a stadium of their own to practice sports. Our group is tasked with providing a project outline for the construction of the stadium and a plan for its completion. The deadline for the project is at the end of August 2018. As any stadium requires to be dedicated to a specific sport, this one will be dedicated to soccer. Soccer is considered to be the most popular sport in the UAE and Sharjah specifically. The sport became popularized in the country after 1971 and the establishment of the United Arab Emirates Football Association (“Sports”). Ever since the sport’s popularity grew, and now it is played on both professional, semi-professional, and amateur levels. Thus, dedicating the stadium to soccer is the best choice. Quantifiable objectives for this project include providing a Work Breakdown Structure, outlining project constraints, activity lists with dependencies, network plans, time plans, resource plans, cost management assignments, human resource management, and responsibility assignments, as well as a risk management plan. The report will be delivered in digital and paper versions and would include MS project charts and a Powerpoint presentation. The deliverables for this project include finding the correct location for the stadium to be built on, the preparation of the field (which consists of the installation of all game-related equipment and markings around the specific areas), the construction of the spectator places (which includes their design, construction, and safety inspection). The project is expected to end with a grand opening of the stadium. Work Breakdown Structure Project management branch. №   WBS Name                     WBS Description
Weber’s Definition of Capitalism and its Difference From Marx’s Max Weber sees capitalism as a “pursuit of profit, and forever renewed profit, by means of continuous, rational, capitalistic enterprise” (Weber 17). For him, it is not a simple impulse to the acquisition of things, but a rational accumulation of wealth. Any exchange of money and product are examples of capitalism to Weber. Marx also saw profit as the main goal of capitalism (Schumpeter 5). However, Marx considered capitalism more as a mode of production and capital acquisition, than an exchange of goods and services. Weber also does not consider the forceful acquisition of wealth as an example of capitalism. His main belief is based on the rationality of the monetary system, and extensive bookkeeping. Weber did not agree with Marx’s idea that the accumulation of capital by putting the majority of means of production into the hands of a limited group of wealthy people was an essential result of capitalism. He believed that such actions are non-capitalistic in nature and in fact detract from the development of capitalism than assist it. Weber states that if people utilize a rational approach to business, then capitalism will develop in a positive fashion. This means that every person participating in capitalism needs to consider the possible consequences of their actions, with no reliance on religious, traditional, or any type of magical factors (Weber 19). His idea of capitalism can be seen as more optimistic and reliant on people making decisions that would not lead to negative consequences, while Marx sees capitalism in a similar fashion but from a more realist approach to the eventual acquisition of capital by few people at the top. Importance of Calvinism and Predestination to the Book Calvinism refers to the teachings of John Calvin whose teachings are followed by a group of churches united under the title Calvinists. They include such churches as the Puritans of England, Presbyterians of Scotland, and the Huguenots of France among others. One of the main doctrines of the Calvinist beliefs included the idea of predestination. Calvinists saw God as a sovereign whose will is above the will of the state, and therefore only he decides whether a person deserves salvation or not. Therefore, it is already predetermined who is destined to go to heaven, while others are damned to go to hell (Craig 154; George and George 53). Weber believes that the lack of control over salvation that Calvinists experienced has led to the desire to confirm the salvation status through the creation of profitable enterprises that would improve the economy and quality of life of the people living in the areas of the church (Swatos and Kaelber 53). While still focusing their businesses on the creation of profit, Calvinists and others that believed the idea of predestination put all the gathered surplus back into the economy of the state to stimulate i
Based on the reading, Melissa, whose job entails answering calls, is instructed to complete a minimum of five calls per hour coupled with observing courtesy and patience when receiving calls. In a bid to complete five calls per hour, she has to use only 12 minutes on each call to achieve this target. This time is insufficient for her to address all issues raised by each caller. Additionally, she experiences difficulty in retrieving information like the speed of her computer is low, hence forcing her to use the manuals. Therefore, the 12 minutes is simply not enough to complete each request, and thus, she goes home each evening tired and frustrated. Deming would tell the company management to regroup and adopt a quality-centered approach. He would advise them to adopt a customer-centered approach. The management should implement an improved database management system or upgrade to a new system, as the current system is too slow. This move will speed up information retrieval and enhance efficiency by reducing time spent searching for information. This change will create an atmosphere of quality and efficiency in this company. Based on Deming’s principles, a plan of action to improve Melissa’s situation is necessary. An outline of the plan of action includes:  1. A new system – a complete audit of the company’s systems, followed by replacement of part of the system or a complete overhaul and replacement with a new system that has efficient features is required. The new system should align the functions of the account manager and Melissa’s job description in order to maximize their level of interaction.  2. Customer service – Melissa is the only person in the company who interacts with customers. The account manager should provide Melissa with the necessary resources to enable her to execute her roles efficiently and effectively, which should involve a new computer and sufficient time to respond to inquiries raised by callers.  3. Improved technology and training – Acquiring new computers is a good starting point for this company. Additional training on database management would enable Melissa to complete one call in 12 minutes, and thus enhance her performance. Limited resources and outdated machines have made Melissa’s job difficult. However, with training and more resources, she will be in a position to perform her duties effectively. Another alternative is to hire another employee to help with technical support.  4. Review of the set quota – the company should review the requirement that Melissa completes five calls per hour. This quota is unrealistic. Short call duration will mean that callers will not receive all the information they need. Callers requiring detailed information on how to fix the problems may fail to get it, and soon the company will lose customers and fail to meet the set quota.  5. Motivation – the management should remove the quota system and adopt a new management style. The management, via the set objectives, fails to provide strategies that Melissa can use to achieve the set goal. Additionally, the requirement of five calls per hour does not motivate Melissa, as she seems to dislike he
Introduction For a long time, institutionalization has been viewed by the society as the most appropriate way of curbing crime. This has led to many criminals getting locked up in confined places in order to separate them from the rest in the community. The fact that over-institutionalization is now being practiced in many countries reflects some level of dissatisfaction with prevalent methods of dealing with suspected or convicted offenders. Commonly, criminals end up being physically confined in large institutional facilities. To opponents, the practice of over-institutionalization has a wide range of detrimental consequences. This paper discusses the causes of over-institutionalization, its consequences, and some potential solutions. Causes of Over-institutionalization Generally, over-institutionalization is the result of a lack of confidence in the existing substitutes for punishing criminals. Fear that alternative solutions to institutionalization have little effect on offenders has certainly compelled jurisdictions to turn to incarceration as the most reliable way of dealing with offenders (Elrod & Ryder, 2011). Most members of the public strongly believe that when the society punishes criminals, they should really be punished, and for most people, this means being locked up. Alternatives such as community based program thus start with the disadvantage that the public sees them as being inherently unsafe, and if members of the society feel that a program is unsafe, to them it is unsafe. The high cost associated with some of the alternative solutions is another concern that has led to over-institutionalization. If house arrests or community based programs have to be adopted by a nation’s criminal judicial system, it means that more employees will be required to oversee a successful implementation. In order to maintain an additional number of employees, more money will have to be allocated to the judiciary and police departments. Another cause of over-institutionalization is possibly the desire by nations to create the impression that the security of its people is critical. Citing the weaknesses of alternatives such as a community based program, a country’s criminal judicial system and top security organs may find it extremely difficult to avoid institutionalization. According to Elrod and Ryder (2011), the quality of many alternative programs is questionable, and many offenders fail to receive any services after institutional release. This is further worsened by the fact that the number of offenders to be monitored after being released is often higher than the number of officers tasked with the responsibility of following up on them. Consequences of Over-institutionalization When a country relies so much on institutionalization, other issues arise that must be addressed. Notable among them are the spread of dangerous diseases such as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Sadly, institutionalization creates a fertile environment for inmates to engage i
Introduction The period of the 1890s-1910s in the USA was marked by considerable changes in the economy. The main reason for such modifications was the establishment of the consumerism epoch, which was induced by the elevated level of goods production and the enhancement of people’s level of life. During the stated period, several major forms of entrepreneurship dominated, including individual and partnership companies, retail markets, and corporations. The former had more advantageous investment opportunities due to a lower risk of liability. A whole new culture evolved because of the dominance of consumerism in society. Corporations were the winners of retail wars in the USA at the beginning of the 20th century because they managed to alter not only the country’s economy but also its social system. The Culture Born of Consumerism The end of the 19th and the start of the 20th century was the period marked by a colossal development of commercialism. A large number of companies and economic groups emerged, giving American citizens an opportunity to choose from a vast number of goods. Department stores, hotel chains, mass consumption firms, and many other types of businesses developed in the 1900s, altering the previous ideas of Americans about the market and products they could possess (Leach 15). Retail houses, which were popular at the end of the 1800s, rapidly lost their popularity at the beginning of the 1900s. Large department stores, which opened all over the country, replaced small merchants’ shops. The major weapon in this war was the ability of department stores to provide a variety of goods in one place (Leach 16). Thus, instead of wasting time looking for several items, one could simply go to a place where it was possible to find all of them under one roof. Small businesses did not give up easily, trying to retain their profit by all means. As a result of such resistance, department store owners initiated “retail wars” (Leach 16). The means employed by competitors were rather harsh, including new approaches to merchandising, such as advertising, decoration, service, and other enticements. The core element in the new economic system was a “revolution in the production” of goods and the emergence of the profit-driven corporation (Leach 16). The revolution became the main reason for the creation of a new institutional system in the USA. Also, the production revolution promoted the appearance of brokers and the increase in product delivery and consumption. For instance, in the 1910s, there was a growth in food output by about 40% (Leach 16). The production of ready-made clothes and artificial jewelry doubled in the last decade of the 19th century. The manufacturing of lamps and glassware, which was 84,000 tons in 1890, escalated to 250 563 tons in 1900 (Leach 16). These and other changes marked the beginning of the epoch of consume