ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Sustainability has become many companies’ priority as a result of the shift in public opinion concerning environmental issues and corporate social responsibility. Individuals and organizations have become conscious of their environmental footprint. Waste reduction is one of the major issues to solve as the size of landfills is alarming, and the biodiversity of the planet is in danger. One of the leaders of waste management is Interface, Inc., a leading producer of carpets in the USA. The company manages to recycle over half of the raw materials it uses (Benn, Edwards, & Williams, 2014). The organization aims at making no wastes at all in terms of its mission zero plan (Luqmani, Leach, & Jesson, 2017). This paper includes a brief description of some of the most innovative and effective strategies Interface employs to achieve its waste reduction goals. Interface and Its Products Interface, Inc. is one of the world’s largest producers of carpets. It is one of the companies that started paying attention to sustainability in the 1990s. The company has employed various strategies to achieve its objectives and minimize its wastes. The premise for the success of these projects was the approach used. Interface became a learning organization that made innovation one of its core values (Luqmani et al., 2017). Employees have been encouraged to come up with methods and projects to address major environment-related issues. The company has always been willing to collaborate with like-minded organizations and encourage their partners to become more environmentally responsible. Innovative Products and Approaches Product diversification was another key factor that contributed to the company’s success. One of the innovative products was the carpet produced from recyclable materials, which can be regarded as a revolutionary approach to carpet making (Hart, 2013). Instead of using nylon that decomposes during decades, Interface developed a new type of material produced from recyclable fiber (Hart, 2013). Another product that minimizes Interface’s wastes is the carpets produced from fishing nets. The nylon used for the production of these nets is non-recyclable, but it is an appropriate material for carpet making. Interface collaborates with fishery companies located in the Philippines making waste reduction optimal for both sides (Perman, 2014). Finally, Interface also offers carpets as a long-term leasing product as customers can return their purchases for recycling (Luqmani et al., 2017). These products and services, as well as approaches, can be seen as major factors contributing to the company’s competitiveness. Organization’s Profitability and Implications for Other Companies These innovative projects and products help the organization gain profits. Interface manages to become more sustainable, which attracts customers. At the same time, it maximizes profits by minimizing costs. The strategies utilized can be adopted by other companies as well. For instance, ef
“Choice of Law in Contract under the Rome Convention” – Author: Jonathan Hill The article examines substantial body of case law in the UK on the interpretation of Articles 3 and 4 of the Rome Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations which emerged in 2000. In this article Jonathan Hill points out that, although the cases show that the courts have had few problems in practice with Article 3, they have struggled with nearly all the difficult questions thrown up by Article 4, in particular the relationship between Article 4(2) and Article 4(5) (Jonathan Hill, 2004). The article further tells us that, the decisions of the courts reveal certain weaknesses, but the situation is unlikely to improve until the Rome Convention is amended (in the context of its translation into an EC Regulation) and/or the Court of Justice acquires jurisdiction to interpret its provisions (Jonathan Hill, 2004). “Choice of Law in Contract” Author: Simon Atrill In this work Simon Atrill tells us how Article 4 of the Rome Convention determines the law governing a contract in the absence of choice by the parties (Simon Atrill, 2004). The author points that despite its practical importance, and several decisions of the Court of Appeal, the correct construction of Article 4 remains unclear (Simon Atrill, 2004). This paper considers the existing approaches and the Commission’s proposal for reform, ventures to suggest an alternative, and analyses the recent cases in this light (Simon Atrill, 2004). “Contractual Freedom in the Conflict of Laws” – Jonathan Harris In this article Jonathan Harris examines how in the Conflict of Laws, the validity of a contract with one or more foreign law elements will be decided by reference to the so-called “proper law” of the contract (Jonathan Harris, 2000). The article also examines how the Contracts (Applicable Law) Act 1990 formally incorporates the Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations the “Rome Convention”) opened for signature in Rome on 19th June 1980 and signed by the United Kingdom on 7th
Revenue enhancement through convenience Apparently, the main essence of being in business is to make profit. For this reason, hotel businesses are striving to tap as much revenue as possible by ensuring that their services are convenience to their customers. The main reason why most people prefer to dine at restaurants is to save on time taken in meals preparation. This implies that customers are likely to prefer restaurants that offer them quality meals at their convenience. In an attempt to tap into this new trend, The Cheesecake Factory offers their customers an option to order their meals from the comfort of their homes, offices or events. In addition, customers within US can place their orders online for variety of cakes, and they are shipped to them free of charge. The trend is generating considerable amount of income for restaurant businesses as most people opt for ready-to-meals that are obviously convenient. Dining trends Day by day consumers’ taste buds sophistication changes to match their lifestyle adjustments. As a result, hotels have to keep up innovating and introducing sophisticated dining experience in order to retain and attract new customers. More often than not, customers judge their dining experiences based on food quality, taste, cleanliness and speed of service. From the website, it is evident that The Cheesecake factory has followed suit to make their customers dining experience worthwhile. From a glance, the flash played food samples look delicious and inviting. Most importantly, in the award section the business has several awards to show for their effort. For instance, in 2010 they won an award for Best Desserts and Best Salads in survey carried out by Zagat. Similarly, a survey by the same company that was carried among more that 6500 fans, they won the 2009 “Best Value”, “Best Salad”, “Best Coffee”, “Best Appetizers”, and “Best Desserts” among Full-Service Restaurant. Menu design Accordingly, most hotels are re-designing their menus either by increasing the specialties or modifying established menus. All this effort is aimed at attracting customers and wining their loyalty as business strive to increase or defend market share amidst heightened competitiveness. This trend is clearly evident with The Cheesecake Factory business whereby their customers have a wide selection of over 200 items. Furthermore, their menu selection offers customers a choice at whatever time of the day whether it is snacks, appetizers, full course meals and a wide range of salads. It seems The Cheesecake factory has everything for every customers and the most important part is that the order can be delivered to location. Most importantly, diners are appreciating multicultural foods and therefore hotels have
Introduction In business arena, employees have different responsibilities. Business owners start businesses with an objective of profit realization. Therefore, it is the duty of employees to ensure that they take care of the employers’ properties, as well as money. There are various laws that govern and regulate businesses to ensure that they operate accordingly. Fiduciary is the relationship where an individual has the responsibility of taking care for the property of another individual. This relationship exists in persons who handle properties or money of others. It can also occur in contractual or employment relations where employees have the responsibility of care of the employers’ money or properties. Similarly, board members of a corporation have fiduciary roles that affect the decision they make. They should ensure that they avoid conflicts of interests, make decision based on protecting the company’s properties, as well as offering oversight to guarantee that all company’s transactions are legal (Kubasek, Browne, Herron, Giampetro-Meyer, Barkacs, Dhooge & Williamson, 2012). Fiduciary Duties that Java Jet’s officers Owe to Java Jet From the scenario involving the anticipated contract of Java Jet Corporation and Bright Lights, the Java Jet officers should make sure that they ensure that the contract has taken into consideration the interest and objectives of Java Jet Corporation. The Java’s officers have the responsibility of taking care of the company’s assets, avoiding conflict of interests and making decisions meant to protect the interest of the company. After, assessing the engagement process pertaining to the two firms, the Java Jet officers have acted as per the expectation. Therefore, the officers have not violate any of their duties in their endeavor of offering Bright Lights, Inc with specialized espresso machine that makes five specialized espresso drinks at a time. They have not indicated any conflict of interest in their decision and are pursuing the objectives of Java Jet cooperation of enhancing the wealth of the shareholders. Despite, the vice president of operation at Java having many shares at Bright Lights, the officer has not behaved in a manner to contravene the fiduciary law. The officer is acting in pursuit of the company’s objective of enhancing the wealth of the shareholders. Type of Property Bright Lights, Inc. has its principal place of business in Paris, France. It plans to extend its operations by operating specialized coffee houses in multiple locations both in Paris, as well as in New York. The Bright Lights, Inc is planning to own the intellectual property of specialized espresso machine that makes five specialized espresso drinks at a time to assist in proceeding with its anticipated venture. Recommendations for Java Jet to Help the Company Protect its Intellectual The continuous evolvement of technology has beneficial, as well as some shortcomings. For instance, the development of technology has boosted efficiency and production greatly. However, the tremendous evolvement in technology has promoted an increase and propagation o
Introduction Childhood obesity is a dire public health concern in the United States. Presently, over 30% of the children in the country suffer from obesity. The number accounts for over 23 million youths and children. Experts cite poor feeding habits as the principal cause of childhood obesity. Additionally, they claim that the lack of physical exercise has contributed to the increasing number of obesity cases among children. A majority of the middle and high schools do not offer physical education to the students. According to Cunningham, Kramer, and Narayan (2014), childhood obesity has had an economic toll in the United States. The nation spends, at least, $14 billion yearly in the treatment of diseases related to childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is incongruent with social work values. The primary value of social work is to protect the physical, emotional and psychological well-being of the people. Social work endeavors to assist all people to realize their full potential, manage dysfunction, and enrich their lives. Nevertheless, obesity does not allow children to accomplish these goals (Deckelbaum & Williams, 2012). Many children are unable to pursue their studies as they sporadically suffer from obesity-related diseases. Discovery of Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity has been a common problem in the United States for a long time. Before 1980, the issue of childhood obesity was not prevalent. Therefore, the doctors did not see any cause for alarm. However, from 1980, the number of children suffering from obesity started to increase exponentially prompting the government and health care institutions to take precautionary measures. Currently, medical practitioners claim that childhood obesity is spreading at an alarming rate among ethnic minority groups (Cunningham et al., 2014). The rapid increase in childhood obesity prompted the United States government and health care organizations to initiate numerous intervention programs. For instance, the government began programs in the health care centers that seek to enhance care coordination. Additionally, the government trained community health workers on how to deal with the problem. The government built numerous recreational facilities to ensure that children engage in physical activities. Schools were encouraged to insist on physical exercise and healthy eating. The United States’ government established numerous centers where parents would visit and learn how to keep their children healthy. Further, the centers also trained the children in how to enhance their nutrition. Changes in Childhood Obesity No demographic group is immune to childhood obesity in the United States. Nevertheless, some subgroups are at a higher risk of contracting childhood obesity than others. Initially, childhood obesity was associated with children from affluent families. The children had access to junk food that contained high-calorie content. Additionally, the children did not participate in physical exercise. However, behavioral change among this group has led to the rate of childhood obesi
Introduction Following the global scientific advances, terrorists have adopted a new set of weapons to accomplish their mission. This brings in the issue of bioterrorism whereby, terrorists intentionally release toxic biological agents as weapons to harm their targets (civilians). The United States Center for disease control has identified the bacteria, viruses, and toxins that terrorists can employ in their attacks (Synder, 2000, p.12). They use these agents to cause diseases such as botulism, anthrax, smallpox, hemorrhagic fever, and tularemia among other lethal infections. Several methods that the terrorists apply to deliver these agents to their target group include food, drinks, and aerosol dispersion. When bioterrorist attacks happen, the victims should report the incidence to the body responsible for dealing with such attacks. These bodies should employ high-level professionalism in dealing with the attack to ensure the safety of the victims. The surveillance and assessment activities of public health agencies were able to deal with anti terrorism aspects in the case study under question. Dealing with biological Terrorism Bioterrorists inform their target group/ individual of an impending danger to their lives. It is therefore the responsibility of the recipient of this information to take action to secure his/her life against the potential lethality of the agent in question. In the case study, the office manager of the clinic received the letter that informed her that her life was at risk. Once one receives a bioterrorist alert, it is important that he/she communicate the information to others so that the bodies responsible for such occurrences take appropriate action. To enable proper handling of bioterrorism, it is important for a nation to have an agency that deals with such aspects. In addition, there should be an efficient communication system between the agency and other medical institutions. To ensure that there is maximum coordination of the available resources within a community, the parties involved should embrace thoughtful preparation as well as enlightened and intelligent leadership. In dealing with the threat, the office manager called a colleague trained in infectious diseases since the country did not have a specific agency dealing with bioterrorism. Although this single call led to mobilization of forces that came to deal with the issue, it took a relatively long time to respond efficiently to the matter. The case study shows that it took one hour to for the situation to receive full response. Before taking any action in dealing with a terrorist threat, it is important to seek professional advice. It is essential to establish a formal process that incorporates public health and medical practitioners in assisting the elected officials in the analysis and interpretation of information about the threat. In dealing with the threat in the case study, the team dealing with the incident received advice from an individual, Dr. Webby of the Mid-American County Hazardous Materials Emergency plan. Th
Reflections on the concept of love and attempts to analyze it date back to the most ancient philosophical systems. Different researchers study this phenomenon from various perspectives in order to provide its concise definition (Stanislawski, 2014; Knox & Schacht, 2012). This paper aims to discuss whether the concept of love can be defined in a clear way, based on the statements made in Knox and Schacht’s book and Stanislawski’s video. I do not think that any clear, objective definition can be provided for love as it is complex and comes in many ways, such as parental love, love for friends, nature, activities, or country. Some people might view love primarily as a name for the biological process, natural for humans. For instance, the video by Stanislawski (2014) studies the evolutionary and physical reasons for human behaviors and body responses to love. However, the researcher argues that it is not only a fundamental biological mechanism, since it fulfills more functions than merely the procreative one, aiming to provide pleasure as well. At the same time, Knox and Schacht (2012) approach the concept as an intimate relationship based on people’s choices. The researchers highlight the idea of freedom and responsibility as an integral part of every human’s choice. Besides, the variety of conventional norms and traditions worldwide expand the concept of love to different extents. Therefore, I believe that love always involves subjective judgments and values, making it impossible to provide a unanimous, all-encompassing definition. To summarize, it appears that the concept of love cannot be defined in an objective way because of its complex, subjective, and multidimensional nature. The book by Knox and Schacht and the video by Stanislawski discussed in this paper have different perspectives on love as a phenomenon. The book views it primarily from a psychological perspective, while the video focuses on the biological and historical approaches.
Introduction Financial problems are typical for every person and every country. Every state in the history of the mankind faced financial problems that sometimes were just timely declines and were than substituted with the periods of growth, like for example the United States of America, Great Britain or France. While other countries declined totally due to the financial problems they had to face but could not solve. The brightest example of the country of this kind is the USSR. That is why modern science pays so much attention to the situation in finance. All countries of the modern world are concerned with their development and see the sphere of finance as the leading one in order to reach success. Situation Thus, the case considered in this very essay is the case of the country that was trying to overcome its economic and financial crisis in order to reach the period of growth of all economic figures and not to be among those countries that does not exist any more because of their financial problems. We are going to consider the economic situation that formed in Argentina by 2005 and was called “The Barber of Buenos Aires”. We shall consider it in order to see its historical background, reasons and consequences for the country. Another aim of ours is to make respective conclusions from the data processed and present certain recommendations for the improvements of the situation. The situation under consideration was being formed in Argentina through its whole history. After the Spanish rule was dismissed in 1810, the country got independence but was constantly torn apart by inner political and economical conflicts and crises. Having overcome the initial crises, the country was on the edge of breaking into several small states but managed to preserve territorial integrity and become one of the richest in the world by 1913. The World War I destroyed the stability that was built for such a long time and the economy began to suffer again. The regime of Juan Peron who came to power in 1946 tried to change the situation paying great attention to the economy. Peron’s government, for example, implemented the policy according to which the production of agriculture was bought at domestic prices and sold abroad at world prices, while the difference was shared among the workers. But, in other aspects, that government did not satisfy the demands of the country and was dismissed in 1954. Already by 1975, inflation reached the level of 400% while the budget deficit was 17% of the country’s total GDP for that year. The implementation of the so called “Austral Plan” (according to the name of the newly introduced currency) in 1989 caused the increase of the inflation to the level of 3, 300%. The Convertibility plan of 1991 managed to improve the situation but for a short period of time. Its essence was in setting the equal value of the Argentinean Peso and the US dollar. At once, the GDP level was increased for another 9% and with the permanent growth of about 5 – 7% for the next 3 years. But, at the same, time the funds of currency and gold in Argentina became exhausted as the National Bank had to always keep the c