ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The notion of literacy is often viewed solely as the ability to comprehend written text and creating it. However, the concept of literacy is far more complex, extending to the idea of comprehending discourse on a much more advanced level, as well as building an intuitive sense of language (Hodges and Baum 238). Therefore, learning how to locate emerging literacy and use it to prompt the evolution of one’s language skills is central to the successful development of an individual (Pendergast et al. 11). Since the class is titled “Emerging Literacy,” I hope to gain information about how literacy can be developed at the earliest stages possible, thus creating the platform for lifelong learning. Main body Working with very young learners is one of the critical skills that I expect to learn during this course. Since the notion of emerging literacy implies that the process of language skills development is studied from its very conception in a learner, I tend to think that the course will focus on the development of critical skills in children aged 2-4 years. Therefore, the course is bound to be based on the tenets of Piaget’s developmental theory, as well as the concepts suggested by Vygotsky and, possibly, Eriksson (Cassano and Dougherty 31). In addition, the course may address the strategies for encouraging knowledge acquisition as a general concept, allowing participants to become independent learners as well. Conclusion Given the title of the class, I hope to gain insights into the strategies that can be used to spur the acquisition of basic abilities needed to build literacy and gain an intuitive understanding of language. Moreover, I hope to infer critical lessons for gaining the ability to navigate my personal process of literacy acquisition by building lifelong learning skills and becoming an independent learner. Finally, I will strive to locate and explore new strategies for encouraging early literacy development and locating its emergence in young learners to prompt their academic development. Works Cited Cassano, Christina M., and Susan M. Dougherty. Pivotal Research in Early Literacy: Foundational Studies and Current Practices. Guilford Publications, 2018. Hodges, Thomas E., and Angela C. Baum. Handbook of Research on Field-Based Teacher Education. IGI Global, 2018. Pendergast, Donna, et al. Teaching Middle Years: Rethinking Curriculum, Pedagogy and Assessment. Allen & Unwin, 2017.
Introduction Pakistan was established as a state in 1947 after a separation from the Indian British Empire. From its beginning, the country has had a turbulent life with political instability and ethnic disputes characterizing its existence. While Pakistan was established as a secular state with a Muslim majority, the country has exhibited over the decades showed signs of evolving into an Islamic State. Such an outcome would have dire consequences for democratization. Reason for Move towards Islamic State The prevailing economic conditions have increased the popularity of Islamic movements all over the country. Farhat notes that most Pakistanis blame bad government policies for the high unemployment, inflation, and lack of access to education and healthcare in the country (121). Islamists express skepticism over the ability of the secular leadership, which is blamed for Pakistan’s problems. Saudi influence has also been a contributing factor to the evolution of Pakistan into an Islamic state. Due to the lack of financial opportunities in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia has been a major destination for Pakistanis working abroad since the 1970s. When the Pakistani workers return home from this Islamic state, they are influenced by the religious teachings of Saudi clerics (Farhat 122). Western dominance has also accelerated the move towards Islamic reform in Pakistan. After the events of 9/11, the cooperation between the Pakistani government and the United States has increased with Pakistan becoming a key strategic ally. Radical Islamists see this as a corruption of Islam by the West. Farhat points out that this challenge of the West has become the single most important factor promoting the renewal of Islamic movements in Pakistan today (129). Western dominance has fueled nationalistic sentiments and many people are in support of an Islamic renewal. Impact of Islamic State on Democracy Evolution to an Islamic
Introduction Jamaica Kincaid is a renowned Caribbean American writer whose narratives mainly focus on the reminiscent family relationships and her Antiguan nativity. Girl is a prose poem of a 650-word almost one-sided dialogue between a mother and her daughter. The story is narrated in the second person with the mother giving out authoritative instructions to her daughter concerning various life issues, such as becoming a woman. It is a string of instructions, dos, and don’ts of unpunctuated didactics concerning the unobjectionable activities surrounding the routine life of a proletarian female concerned about the future of her daughter. The simple language used and the straightforward structure (prose) of what appears as a to-do list makes a reader curious to understand the message that the author wanted to convey. A writer of Kincaid’s standing cannot simply write for the sake of it; hence, the need for deeper scrutiny of this story. In Girl, Jamaica Kincaid seeks to highlight the themes of the traditional mother-daughter relationship, the dangers of being a woman, and the transformative power of domesticity using the symbols of food, cloth, and folksongs as discussed in this paper. Short Summary The story starts with the narrator, mother, giving a list of commands to her daughter, which perhaps indicates that she (mother) is leaving. The narrator says, “Wash the white clothes on Monday and put them on the stone heap; wash the color clothes on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to dry; don’t walk bare-head in the hot sun…” (Kincaid). This form of communication with the mother giving instructions continues throughout the story with the daughter remaining silent throughout – she only interrupts twice when defending herself and asking a question. The narrator seeks to help her daughter learn how to become a responsible woman using authoritative and scolding language. The writer uses semicolons to separate sentences and lots of repetition throughout the story. In addition, the narrative does not have a beginning, middle, or and ending, and thus it does not progress chronologically. The narrator tries to be as practical in her advice as possible to ensure that her daughter gets all the relevant information that she will need as she transitions into adulthood. She is instructed on how to accomplish simple household chores, such as washing, sweeping, cooking, ironing, and sewing among other innocuous routine duties. In addition, she is given important information on how to become independent by fending for herself through fishing and making her own medicines. The mother also delves into the issue of male-female relationships and informs her daughter that she should be careful with men because at times they bully their partners. The narrator offers useful information on how to talk with people, especially those that the daughter dislikes. However, the mother is overly worried and convinced that her daughter is likely to become a slut
Introduction For a long time now, going to the cinema has always been an exciting adventure. When most people think of a nice place to relax and enjoy time with friends and family, they mostly think of going to a movie theater. In general, a movie can be an impeccable way of spending leisure time, which is particularly true if there is not much action to take part in where people live. In regards to watching films, not many people seem to agree that cinema is the ideal place. Some people believe that sitting in the comfort of their home while watching movies is a better choice than visiting film houses. In this essay, one will be enlightened why watching movies at home is better than going to the movie theater It Saves Money By watching movie at home, one will save a fair amount of money. In today’s society, money is everything, and people improvise different ways of acquiring, or saving it. Going to the movies might sound like a simple act of fun, but in reality, one ends up spending a lot of money. The cost of paying for tickets tends to grow annually as people visit cinemas. For someone to take his or her family and loved ones to pass time in theaters might be quite expensive. It is because, apart from entrance fees, other expenses which may be incurred are car fuel, parking charges, buying of snacks, plus other hidden additional costs (Meyer 46). When comparing it to watching a movie at home on one’s television, or doing video streaming on iTunes and Netflix, the video streaming option is by far way much cheaper. Nevertheless, there are some minor drawbacks about watching movies at home. The first one is that the latest and highest-ranked movie releases get to the film and theaters first. It usually takes a long time before they extent to people’s homes. Second, at the cinemas, the quality of the film is of a higher quality and it is supplemented by the surrounding effects. Despite that, streaming at home remains the best option because one will save money, which can be utilized in catering to other family affairs and development. It Guarantees Comfort Streaming movies at the comfort of one’s home gives the kind of comfort which cannot be found anywhere else, not even in a movie house. Almost everyone hates the front rows in cinemas, where they have to stretch their necks for a better view. Continuous straining can damage one’s neck after three or so hours of watching the favorite show. None of these issues will ever occur when people stay at the luxury of their own homes to watch movies. In the house, someone sits comfortably in their couch, wraps himself up in blankets, and watches all day long. It also means one has the freedom to choose the type of film they would like to watch and when to watch it (Gil and Gutierrez-Navratil 740). At home, the movie lover is at liberty to pause, eat anything the way they like or move around to attend to other matters without worrying about annoying or distracting anyone. It is Safe The safest place one can watch a movie is their home. Whenever people are in public, they have to share practically everything with everyone else. There are those individuals who might be annoying, particularly in the fil
Introduction Los Angeles is the city that may attract the attention of many people because of its beauty, mystery, richness, and size. It is the largest city in California, and takes the second place according to its sizes in the United States of America. This city is usually called as the City of Angels due to its translation from Spanish. There are many projects, which are worthy of attention in Los Angeles, and LA loft project is one of those that has to be mentioned at first. Loft projects are aimed to present people an opportunity to live in different apartments in different parts of the city, and LA downtown is the central business part of the city, where people can easily make some of their dreams come true. Bunker Hill project and Grand Avenue project are the most remarkable parts with their own peculiarities and sights, where people always find places to entertain, work, live, and enjoy this life in general. The development of the project Bunker Hill actually fails the opportunity to bring Live to Downtown, and the new offer that is called Grand Avenue Project is a new hope for many citizens of Los Angeles. It is costs much money and many efforts of its developers. Los Angeles Grand Avenue Project is considered to be a unique place, a thriving center, the design of which captivates many people from the very beginning; this project is a good chance to change the way of Los Angeles Downtown and to prove that the mastery of American people, their skills and ideas are magnificent, powerful, and exciting for people around the whole world. Main Body Loft evolution started in the middle of 1900s: “loft was – and still is – a showcase for experimental architecture, a smart form of urban living and a positive addition to many a deprived urban area” (O’Kelly and Dean 6). Los Angele loft project is not only a good opportunity to have proper apartments and forget about the challenges of living, but it is also a huge opportunity to start and develop renting and sale business, to demonstrate unbelievable architectural skills, and to captivate tourists with one more place of interest that is available for any person. Los Angele Loft Project LA loft project should help to bring people back to Downtown . Famous Downtown Los Angeles is one of those business districts, which unite numerous sport facilities, places of interest, skyscrapers, and other magnificent corporations that represent American culture, American people achievements, and American style of life in general. In fact, loft apartments may be compared to those derelict plants and factories, where much space may be used for living, however, before, much time has to be spent to create appropriate accommodations. For example, the idea to use loft project to improve the new Grand Avenue Project is winning indeed. The Grand Avenue Project aims at reviving
Introduction One of the things that differentiate human beings from animals is their development in communication that involves the use of languages, writings, figures and coded words. This has been made complex by the use of channels of communication like televisions, radios, mobile phones, computers and even lap tops. Man has always strived to attain the most efficient way of communicating with others and storing such messages in modern devices like memory cards, hard disks, iPhones and iPads. This essay aims at outlining these tools in the existing market and how they have managed to stay ahead of their competitors in the world market. In the modern world communication has become mandatory in almost all aspects of life and this has influenced the need to have very efficient communication tools (Yarmosh 2010). In the modern world many sectors have adopted the use of advanced communication tools to enhance reliability and efficiency in their communication. The education sector has seen great transformation from the use of notebooks, paper files, textbooks and other academic materials by students and teachers. These communication tools have been widely used by lecturers and students to take notes and store them conveniently. The agricultural sector has always strived to meet the high population growth demand for food and this has influenced the need to have the best communication tools to enhance the exchange of information from agricultural stakeholders to the farmers. Seminars are now being conducted online and farmers are able to access very useful information through these gadgets (Yarmosh 2010). The health sector has not been left out either as the need for better treatment and prevention methods for diseases and infections continue to push researchers to seek better and faster ways of analyzing their findings (Wooldridge 2011). The transport system usually goes in hand with communication tools and in the modern world the use of digital communication tools has improved many communication systems since a person is able to track any movement of goods or services while at the comfort of their offices. Security has also been beefed up due to the use of modern technology tools that are able to identify criminals through thorough investigations and analysis of suspects. It is very impo
The wide range of vehicles has increased noise pollution on the roads, and the improved act leads to unwanted sound. According to Kampf, bicycles are used to enhance minimal noise production (110). The use bikes depend that lacks engine and it is ridden with the cyclist’s ability and power, chances of noise pollution are minimal. This action is valuable and important for the riders’ overall health and preventing noise pollution. On the other hand, the use of bicycles on selected paths for other road events and circulation does not create a challenge problem. Health physical welfares from a change towards more dynamic conveyance depends on the degree of replacement of unlike types of bodily deeds. Longitudinal trainings propose that regular bicycle traveling improves the overall physical activity without disturbing contribution in numerous accomplishments. The most suitable resolution is to increase public alertness of the delinquent and cheer people to stroll and ride bicycles instead of dangling in cars. It is obvious, this solution may not seem effective in bringing change much in the short period, but it will have lasting consequences. ​The performance of exercise is a key factor in preventing and protecting people against health problems, instead of waiting for administrative regulation to eradicate noise effluence. The engine built machines are key in noise contamination, and increased use of non-engine transport means like bicycles stop uproars. According to (Fraser 860) the solution can get implemented by educating people on the benefit of exercise through riding. The plan has a high chance of being applied since many people need assistance with their health problems, and it is majorly solved through exercise activities. Mexican city comprises many continuous activities that affect human life in various ways. Activities like operating industries, deforestation from the nearby forest entail some of the actions done in the town. The main problem affecting the neighbourhood is climate change. The major source of natural changes is caused by the emission of gases from running machines present in manufacturing plants, power generation and cutting down of trees without replacing them in the city forest. The complications arise from uncontrolled regulation and monitoring of different processing plans. The sensitization of the population dangers releasing harmful gases to the environment (Ray 60). These deeds need government intervention and control of all sectors in line with the plant operation acts. The plan will succeed if government offer strict regulations and impromptu visits. The factories need to apply new methods li
Needs Assessment Inquiry into pedagogical theory suggests that all persons have unique strategies that they apply to the acquisition and processing of material (Boss, Krauss, & Conery, 2008). However, contrary to the assumptions set by the pedagogical theory, teacher-centered curriculum remains the dominant mode of instruction in many learning institutions. The theoretical teaching model propagates the arbitrary determination of lesson plans and learning materials on strict guidelines outlined in school syllabuses, with little regard for alternative instructional strategies that emphasize learner satisfaction in terms of understanding and adopting new concepts (Driscoll 2005). Driscoll (2005) was emphatic that “theoretical teaching model undermines interaction among students in the one hand and interaction between teachers and students on the other, in solving mathematical problems in class” (p.391). As such, project-based learning provides room for teachers to develop interactive learning strategies for students so as to bolster clear understanding of varied approaches to the comprehension of skills and concepts. For example, when focusing on mathematics, the project-based instructional approach has to be practical to ensure that all the students are able to clearly follow up and understand the concepts being taught although this is not usually the case (Boss, Krauss, & Conery, 2008). This research paper assesses the needs of students undergoing project-based learning program with respect to the implications of absorb activities as instruments of instructions. Information gathering will be centered on a sample population and the results will subsequently be recorded and reported using a Microsoft word document. The population sample for data collection and processing will designed to present the views of students from my class as the primary source. Data collection will be based on voluntary participation by my fellow learners in two focus groups of the absorb activity under investigation – readings. The first focus group will comprise learners portraying positive responses to reading as an absorb activity while the second focus group will comprise learners experiencing difficulties to readings. End of term test scores obtained from participants will provide an insight into the general direction and magnitude of either positive or negative attitudes towards readings as an absorb strategy. Both face-to-face interviews and questionnaire surveys will be conducted to optimize participation of the learners and to take to account multiplicity of views as well. With regards to reporting, determination of significant differences between the two main focus groups will be attained by applying a design that will allow the drawing of repeated measures to track var
Introduction There is the possibility of worsening suicidal thoughts and depression in people especially children who take any popular antidepressants especially when the treatment is beginning or due to an increase or decrease in doses. Drug manufacturers have been requested to make changes on the labels of antidepressants so that they can include a warning about worsening depression, possible suicide, panic attacks, and anxiety in children and adults. Drugs may be responsible for changes in behavior but families and physicians are supposed to be aware of emerging behavior and look for treatment immediately. Signs of worsening depression should be looked at but some symptoms may signify problems such as agitation, anxiety, insomnia, panic attacks, hostility, irritability, and severe restlessness. People may have manic depression without knowing and antidepressants have the potential to provoke any manic episode. Family members, patients, and doctors should be keen on the symptoms of mania which include feeling very irritable or extremely happy, having inflated self-esteem, being active than usual, and needing to sleep so much. (Kafka, 1991 pp34-35) Treatment for Antidepressant Addiction/Abuse Sadness should not be taken to mean depression and should be differentiated from melancholia with no social cause that is obvious. Sadness is a natural response to painful circumstances and should take its cause to heal instead of using drugs to suppress it. From experience, we should be more understanding of people and encourage them because we have already passed through various difficult situations. Involution melancholia that causes a person to feel inner emptiness has great effect and is treated using drugs or by electro-convulsive therapy but should only be used as the last resort but not the first resort especially when there is the availability of non-invasive treatments like Twelve Step Program. Involution melancholia may occur during the post-puerperal depression, addictive disease, and post-traumatic depression and in cases of true clinical depression if the condition that exists is distinct from addictive tendency. Using the word depression in any diagnosis is very risky because it may cause the patient to be given an automatic prescription for antidepressants especially in private health centers when the medical insurance companies have restrictions on giving medical cover for patients who need medication. Clinical depression results have been vastly over-diagnosed and there are vastly over-prescribed antidepressants. Brain biochemistry knowledge is at its early stages of advancement and is preferable for the patients, pharmaceuticals and recreational drugs should be avoided. The best solution is total abstinence from substances and the later moods to allow the brain