Introduction Australian educational system went through a variety of transformations between 1788 and 1948. The system evolved from a number of schools where privileged groups could acquire some kind of education into a mass educational system where students could obtain free secondary as well as higher education. It is also important to note that professional associations came into being at that period as well. More importantly, Australian education helped to shape the nation. Admittedly, the Australian education of the period mentioned above had a number of strengths and weaknesses. It is necessary to consider the system’s context and origins to be able to evaluate these strengths and shortcomings. A Brief Historical Account 18 th Century At the end of the 18 th century, schooling in Australia was not common and quite specific. In many countries, ideas of the French Revolution were in the air and people living in such countries as France, Switzerland, Germany were considering the development of mass education (Green, 1990). At the same time, British people opposed the idea as they tried to avoid the influence of French concepts. Clearly, Australia, as a part of the British Empire, was expected to follow the same view through the development of the educational system here took another direction. Before the dual system appeared, Australian schooling relied on church and private schools. In private schools, a teacher (usually a woman, which led to the term ‘Dame Schools’) had up to 30 or 40 students who usually attended the classes at the teacher’s house (Hanstock, 2005). Clearly, these students came from well-off families who could afford to pay the necessary fees. As for church schools, students of these establishments obtained skills in literacy and, of course, educators paid a lot of attention to bringing up religious and virtuous people. It is noteworthy that church schools appeared with the first European settlers as clergy “took the responsibility of the education of the children” who were first to come to Australia (Aspland, 2006, p. 143). This can justify Australians’ loyalty to these schools. These educational establishments were partially funded by the government as officials believed education could save society from corruption and degradation. At that time, people believed that crime was a result of degradation that, in its turn, sprung from ignorance; and, hence, Australian officials were eager to invest funds into the development of education. Female Orphan School opened in 1801, and it was one of the first results of such ideas and inclinations as the government-funded the school that aimed at raising literacy among Australians and contributing to the development of ‘virtuous’ populous (Barcan, 1980). In the following years, the number of public schools increased substantially. 19 th Century In the first part of the nineteenth century, the Australian government still focused on the development of the educational system and invested in both denominational and public schools. It is noteworthy that Australian officials attempted to address the diversity of population and funded schools that were run by different denominations. However, it turned out to be rather costly as people pertained to different denominations and officials started consi