ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The life of a person as the member of the group or community is associated with definite rites and ceremonies which are followed to respond to the traditions, and cultural values developed during the centuries of the group’s historical progress. Many rites can be discussed as the rites of intensification because they determine the period of significant changes in the person and group’s life. The changes of seasons and associated activities are as significant for people as the changes in their social statuses. From this point, many rites of passage are the rites of intensification in their nature because to achieve the definite point in the group’s development or to receive the definite status; people should overcome some barriers and cross the boundaries. In this case, all the phases of the rite are important for a person because he or she can understand the role of the transition and the effects of changes more clearly. Rites of passage and intensification are developed to accentuate the values and traditions within the community, and as a result, they emphasize the ties between people belonging to the community. Thus, rites, rituals, and ceremonies reflect the cultural heritage of the community and contribute to developing the sense of cohesion because people perceive their social ties more actively with references to various customary practices and focus on the idea of belonging to the community. The discussion of many rituals and ceremonies as rites of intensification depends on the ideas of transformation, transition, and responsibility. From this point, the changes of the seasons, for instance, mean natural transformations; the period of growing seeds or preparing the harvest determines the process of transition to the other season, and these activities as the fact accentuate the persons’ responsibility to overcome the critical situation of changes. However, such important situations of transitioning to the new form or status can also affect a man personally. On the other hand, the fact of belonging to the family and community supports the idea that the ties within the group can be influenced significantly. For instance, referring to the Arab weddings as the rites of passage, it is possible to note that the marriage of a young man and woman means not only the changes in these persons’ social status but also the changes in their family ties. Furthermore, the wedding can be considered as the important rite of intensification when two families choose to be brought together, and all the familial ties are intensified and improved. As a result, the group’s sense of cohesion increases with references to the establishment of the new large family and development of new ties between the relatives. The role of the group’s sense of cohesion in customary practices is significant because people need to feel the ties and their connection with the other persons within the family, group, and community. This sense of coh
There are many ways in which families are organized and no one way has ever been proven to be the ‘right’ or ‘best’ way. However, it is helpful to understand the various ways in which they operate, noticing the similarities and differences that occur among them. For example, there is the nuclear family, which usually consists of a father, mother, and children who are typically separated in some form, usually distance, from other relatives such as uncles and aunts or grandparents. Then there is the more traditional family which consists of a mother, father, and children all living in very close proximity to uncles, aunts, cousins, and grandparents, sometimes although not always living within the same house. While it might seem that these two family structures are incredibly different, there remain many similarities between them. The most obvious difference between these two family structures is the proximity of the extended family. Often for reasons of vocation, the nuclear family is separated from having the close family ties enjoyed by a more traditional family unit, including missed barbeques, shared family events, and celebrations, and the optio
Introduction Self esteem refers to an individual’s by and large valuation of his or her own significance. It includes convicti
I prefer to open a beauty salon business near the campus. I consider the startup innovative as I plan to incorporate a range of modern business trends within the venture. First, my location in an institutional set up, which is a creative idea focusing on female students and campus staff as my potential customers. Second, the business aims to increase its market by targeting a percentage of the male students who often seek the services of a beautician as opposed to attending barbershops as new clients. This population provides additional customers for the enterprise. Third, the venture will be launched in an environment where few salons are established to reduce competition. To further introduce an innovative organization, I focus on adopting the Internet and other social media sites, such as YouTube and Facebook accounts. Adopting these technologies is key in identifying prospective customers and connecting with them for better service delivery (Zott & Amit, 2017). Among my unique services to be provided are body massage, beauty therapy, and different kinds of makeup products less offered within the institution. Finally, with an experience in the fashion and design industry, I am capable of identifying creative strategies in managing the dynamic business environment. To operate an innovative salon business, it is essential to obtain the necessary skills and experience, such as beauty making and fashion designing as crucial entrepreneurial requirements. These capabilities are key in becoming a nail technician and an esthetician. Holding a ten-year full specialist permit and a 4-year cosmetology license further qualifies an individual to legally trade in the fashion industry. Trade ventures also provide an opportunity for career advancement as a manager and in fulfilling the passion of an individual. For instance, fashion and design startup may fulfill a person’s aspiration of being a beautician. A salon business that meets all these requirements will, therefore, enjoy an economic boom throughout the operating years as the industry is less affected by the market recession. Reference Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2017). Business model innovation: How to create value in a digital world. NIM Marketing Intelligence Review, 9 (1), 18-23. Web.
Introduction The Roman Empire was the largest and most powerful state in Antiquity. The climax of the empire was between 200BC to 200AD when the Romans enjoyed economic prosperity and cultural advancement. Over this period, Rome engaged in an expansionist quest as it sought to acquire more territory in Europe. 1 However, this empire, which had reigned for over 2000 years, started crumbling in the second century and eventually collapsed in the fifth century. While many factors contributed to this dramatic collapse, the Barbarians played a major role in Rome’s demise. This paper will provide a brief but informative discussion on the history of the people referred to as the barbarians. Who Were the Barbarians? The term “barbarian” was a Greco-Roman generalization for everyone who was foreign. This term was first used by the Greek to refer to all of those who did not speak Greek or those who spoke the language with some difficulty. 2 During the reign of the Roman Empire, the term was used to mean “foreigner” or “alien.” The barbarians were distinguished from the Romans in that they had different languages, cultures, and traditions to those of Rome. The Romans saw themselves as advanced people, possessing superior culture and customs when compared to foreign groups. The term “barbarian” carried a negative association due to the tendency of groups to view foreigners with distrust and attribute unfavorable qualities to them. 3 The barbarians were the people who inhabited the area beyond the Roman imperial borders. It is important to note that the barbarians were not a uniform group, and they were often divided into people with different cultures, religions, and languages. The population bordering the Roman Empire included “the Irish and Picts of the British Isles, the highly civilized Persians on the Syrian Frontier, the Berbers of North Africa, Asiatic nomads like the Sarmatians, and many other 4 However, the Romans used the term “barbarians” on the entire population; therefore making it seem like these diverse neighbors were a homogeneous community. The most historically significant barbarian groups were the Germanic-speaking inhabitants of the region beyond the western imperial border. These people were separated from the Roman Empire by the river Rhine and Danube, which served as natural boundaries as well as defenses for the Romans. 5 These inhabitants were few in number, and they lived in many small villages over the vast area beyond the western imperial border. The population of the barbarians was restricted by their inability to produce enough food to sustain a huge population. Historians explain that the primitive agricultural technology caused the soil to lose its fertility after some time forcing the barbarians to migrate to fresh lands. 6 This constant migration, combined with the low population growth-retarded development of the inhabitant’s political structures. Lack of resources meant that the military capabilities of the barbarians were diminished. Individual groups lacked the wealth and manpower to form strong warrior groups, and they could only engage in occasional raids. Relati
Literature Review Supportive communication fosters a positive relationship between individuals without jeopardizing their ability to articulate a problem or to give negative feedback about an issue (Whetten & Cameron 2011, pp. 168-517). It enables managers to resolve sensitive issues and to convey messages which are not complementary. The importance of supportive communication is that it improves the accuracy with which the message is delivered. Thus, the possibility of misunderstanding the message is minimized. An improvement in understanding strengthens the relationship between the individuals who are communicating (Pheng & Keong 2000, pp. 34-39). In this regard, supportive communication helps in establishing positive interpersonal relationships in organizations. It also facilitates high productivity and the reduction of conflicts. Finally, it helps in coaching and counseling employees. Through supportive communication, managers can reprimand their juniors in a manner that promotes the achievement of positive outcomes. Effective use of supportive communication can be achieved by adopting the following principles. First, interpersonal communication must focus on congruence. Congruence occurs when the message that is being conveyed matches the thoughts and feelings of the communicator (Larsen & Folger 2007, pp. 111-115). Second, supportive communication utilizes descriptions rather than evaluations to convey sensitive information. Descriptive communication helps in minimizing the tendency of being evaluative and the development of defensive interactions (Aziz & Talukder 2012, pp. 435-448). Third, supportive communication focuses on finding solutions to problems rather than the weaknesses of an individual. In this regard, managers can achieve positive outcomes by focusing on problem-oriented communication. Fourth, supportive communication validates the interacting parties. Through validating communication, managers can create a feeling of recognition, understanding, and acceptance in their organizations. Fifth, supportive communication requires individuals to use specific statements. This requirement is based on the premise that particular ideas are easy to understand and facilitates improvements. Effective supportive communication is often conjunctive. In this context, the message being communicated should be connected to previous ones (Khan 2009, p. 78). Finally, each of the communicating persons must always take responsibility for their statements. By owning communication, managers can effectively demonstrate their interests in interacting with others (Knapp & Daly 2002, p. 89). Activity and Application The aspects of supportive communication that are most important to me include building positive interpersonal relationships and focusing on accuracy. I need to establish positive interpersonal relationships with my employees in order to improve performance. Concisely, a positive relationship will enable me to enhance the exchange of knowledge and cooperation among employees. My activities for development in counseling and supportive communication involved participating in group-work activities at the
This qualitative research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various academic activities and determine which of them should receive more attention. In this paper we need to work out strategies of data collection and sampling. At the moment Green Valley Community College has faced the necessity to implement changes into the curriculum due to the fact that many students feel dissatisfied with absence of technology use in the classroom and inappropriate educational methods. This is why it is crucial to assess the attitude of students, parents and teachers toward the curriculum. On the basis of these findings, the administration will be able to tailor the courses, offered to the learners. The key method which is going to be used is qualitative survey. This survey will include different types of questions. First, I intend to include contingency questions in this survey. For instance, one of them will look in the following way: “Do you feel satisfied with the quality of training, provided at Green Valley Community College? If no, tell which areas require improvement.” Furthermore, I would like to apply a five-point Likert scale item in order to measure students’ and teacher’s attitudes toward the curriculum. This question can take this form, ”How do you feel about the curriculum in Green Valley Community College?”. The respondent will need to choose one of these options:  1. Very Satisfied;  2. Satisfied;  3. Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied;  4. Dissatisfied;  5. Very Dissatisfied. In this way, I will be better able to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes of the participants. The questions in this survey will prompt the learners and faculty to make recommendations about academic curriculum, the use of technologies, and educational methods. I do not plan to use Yes/No and forced-choice questions in this survey because they are not very suitable for measuring people’s perception and attitudes. Under the circumstances, a longitudinal survey study will be necessary, because
Introduction The British left the UAE with an immature educational system that has failed to produce a productive human resource sector to date. Since independence, the UAE economy has lacked a stable inbred national human resource, and has often relied on the imported human labour and foreign expatriates (Al-Waqfi and Forstenlechner 168). The blossoming sectors of Tourism, Manufacturing, Hospitality, and Information Technology, which are vital to the UAE, are lacking an aboriginal expertise. The dependence on the foreign expatriates is gradually causing economical, social, and political dilemmas. The UAE has recently enhanced its commitment to reduce the foreign expatriates through the Emiratisation approach, which seems to attract legal, ethical, and political discourses (Jasim 365). Fundamental to such dilemmas, this essay presents twelve disadvantages of Emiratisation, with some strong evidentiary support. Emiratisation Will Demean International Trade Bilateral trade links have saturated the world, with the UAE economy being among the economies that rely on the international trade. According to Jasim, international trade entails exchanging exports and imports of human resources, raw materials, manufactured goods, and technologies between two trade partners (367). Imposing capitalist approaches through the workforce nationalization strategy would result to international wrangles concerning equity
Introduction This research examines the relationship between capital budgeting in the UAE public sector and how the government spends on various national capital projects. Presently, the effects of capital budgeting on the state remain largely unanswered. However, the literature on public sector spending in the United Arab Emirates includes a number of case studies and qualitative analysis, though there is much more empirical work that explains the effects of government capital budgeting and spending. Hush & Peroff (1988) noted that federal governments varied significantly in their capital budgeting process and also in spending in various capital projects, thus providing a natural laboratory for examining how government budgetary practices related to various policy outcomes. This paper examines and studies the different capital budgeting practices. Moreover, it analyzes various effects as explained by quantitative literature on the various practices. Also, it analyzes the level of government spending on capital projects through comparing both the capital and operating budgets. However, government’s capital expenditures may vary from time to time because of contingencies or political factors such as re-election campaigns. In addition to using panel data, the study also uses Poterba’s model that allows exploration of environmental effect on state spending. This model categorizes the variables based on the definition of government capital spending, projects selection, cost estimation techniques, capital planning processes and capital financing practices (Poterba 1995). Objectives of the study The general objectives of this study are to:  1.
Project Objectives Training adult learners to use direct learning techniques; Incorporating the theory of adult learning; Evaluating the efficacy of knowledge acquisition and skills training in participants. In order to promote active learning among adults and motivate them for excelling in the subject, a teacher must focus on the individual characteristics of learners. Teaching them to use specific techniques and base the key teaching strategy on the theory of adult learning is essential. The teacher must spell the significance of the information out. Workshop Training Outcomes   * Students are capable of identifying key morphological, syntactic and lexical differences between English and Arabic;   * Students adopt self-directed learning;   * Students learn to interact with texts under the teachers’ andragogy based guidance;   * Learners acquire new skills faster due to the understanding of meta-cognition processes. Andragogy is one of the key theories that allow focusing on adult learners. It helps identify the individual characteristics of learners prior to interacting with them. Moreover, andragogy contributes to developing meta-cognition among adult learners. Enhancing Data Acquisition   * Learners use their prior knowledge;   * Students employ individual learning styles;   * Learners receive incentives to raise their engagement;   * Students’ needs are analyzed to manage the performance gap;   * Learners’ goals are defined clearly;   * Learning occurs during the contextual analysis. Background knowledge is essential in teaching adult learners, as it informs the teacher’s strategies. As soon as the learners’ approaches towards knowledge acquisition are identified, the teacher will have to integrate a flexible system of incentives into the lesson framework. Assessment Process   * Interviews, focus groups and surveys should be used to derive data;   * The principles of teachback analysis must be incorporated into the assessment;   * Allocation (subvastus/parapatellar);   * Follow-up/discontinued intervention;   * Analysis (interpretation of the key results). The teacher needs feedback from adult learners in order to identify the issues that the latter may possibly have and locate the further course of learning. Therefore, the incorporation of surveys and questionnaires is imperative. Workshop Sessions: Template   * Learning through obs
In the world of business, every firm’s sole aim is to survive the competition and accrue maximum profits in the operations. As such, the key to success as well as prolonged existence in the market calls for the organizations to establish a tradition that ensures the development of modern initiatives, training and the application of new technology (Von Stamm, 2008). Through the drastic modifications and improvements in the design and modernism as well as creativity, the organizations are able to achieve competitive advantage over their competitors. In fact, studies have shown that firms embracing research, design and improvements in technology results into the rapid growth. For instance, the radical transformation of the Toyota Company by increasing the quality of its products through innovation and design has ensured continuous expansion of the firm (Von Stamm, 2008). In addition, the design of the operation techniques enhances competitive advantage by stressing on quality as well as adaptability to meet the demands of diverse customers across the globe. Further, through the adoption of modern technologies, the firms are capable of modifying their products and services through configurations of processes. For example, customizations as well as standardization have enabled Toyota and H & R tax services improve on their product and services quality resulting into improved competitiveness. In this regard, the firms are capable of producing high volumes of goods as well as providing services to larger markets (Julier & Moor, 2009). In other words, design, modernization and creativity enable elastic production as well as specialty in the production processes of the firms thereby improving their competitiveness in the market. Further, the customizations of the existing technologies as well as restructuring by the firms have enabled them to offer products and services with unique advantages and client worth (Von Stamm, 2008). The firms have also managed to use advanced support equipments that have enabled rapid prototyping of operations. Consequently, the firms have achieved the required quality and speed in developing their products. Processes, products, or services of H & R tax service and Toyota H & R tax service stresses on the quality of their services delivery to their customers through employing trained tax professionals in their operations. The firm employs a strategy of recruiting experienced specialists who are capable of solving any tax issues (Julier & Moor, 2009). Further, the firm strategies involving tax preparation software as well as online tax processing has enabled efficiency in its operations. The firm engages in offering advice relating to bookkeeping, audit support and tax filing requirements to its clients. On the other hand, Toyota Company employs diverse strategies that go beyond concentrating on its motor vehicle manufacturing service only (Julier & Moor, 2009). For example, the firm has diversified its production lines ranging from financial services to communications. Through the incorporation of knowledge and technology, the company enables the presentation of different segments of housing str