ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Feminist ethic is a new concept aimed at redefining and redesigning conventional and traditional experiences associated with women’s moral experiences from medieval times. Feminist ethic is therefore a development and a new concept developed to remedy the inadequacies created by traditional western ethics which have consistently overlooked female contributions in the society. Such sentiments are supported by Alison Jaggar, a feminist philosopher (cited in Christine 2), who faults traditional western ethical ideals because of a number of reasons. First, she identifies that traditional western ideals sought to emphasize more on male rights and interests at the expense of female rights. Secondly, she notes that traditional western ideals are characteristic of emphasizing on morally uninteresting realms of women roles which occur in the private world (such as the traditional roles of cooking, cleaning, taking care of the household, assisting the sick and such roles). Thirdly, she faults the traditional western ethical philosophy because it perceives women as people who are not as morally developed as men and fourth, Christine explains that she identifies that traditional western philosophy “overvalues culturally masculine traits like independence, autonomy, separation, mind, reason, culture, transcendence, war, and death, and undervalues culturally feminine traits like interdependence, community, connection, body, emotion, nature, immanence, peace, and life” (3). Lastly, Alison Jaggar notes that traditional western philosophy is sympathetic to culturally masculine ways of moral reasoning as opposed to the feminist ways which lack prejudice and favor (Christine 3). These perceptions withstanding, this study acknowledges the role feminist ethics has had in reformulating traditional western ethics and comprehensively, it acknowledges that feminist ethics are distinctive and uniquely incoherent with conventional western philosophy relating to gender. However, there have been many debates advanced by critics regarding feminist ethics which purport that the concept is basically centered on overturning existing political structures and basically centered on the concept of power and subordination at the expense of ethical concerns relating to mothering, morality, care and justice (Christine 2). With regards to this debate, this study identifies that this argument is flawed and instead proposes that feminist ethics is more committed to motherhood and care as opposed to political changes (in terms of doing away with the subordination women have experienced in the past). Ideas Concepts and Terms to be Discussed Radical feminism : Radical feminism observes that the causes for gender oppression should not be solely blamed on the political structure of the society but also
Employee involvement is defined by the Institute of Personnel and Development as ‘a range of processes designed to engage the support, understanding, and optimum contribution of all employees in an organization and their commitment to its objectives. Participation involves the organization creating opportunities under suitable conditions for employees to influence decisions affecting them. McGregor defines participation as a ’process of delegation where workers can influence the work mix which is delegated to them and the freedom the subordinates have to select their own preferred methods of meeting the objectives agreed’ (Ranganayakulu 2005, p. 171). Involvement and participation are associated with a high degree of employee commitment and quality performance (Gennard, et al., 2005, p.180). However, the link between commitment and performance is based on the assumptions that; providing the employee’s autonomy over company resources, work goals, and the process will encourage employee attitude, commitment to company goals and their behavioral change enhances motivation and participation thus enhancing the performance the employee and the company. In this paper, I will review the involvement and participation management strategy of Capgemini UK plc by identifying the issues of involvement and participation by management of the company; find the reasons as to why the company uses this management style; and find out whether the company uses the right methods of involvement and participation, consultation, motivation, personal development, and others. Involvement and Participation Issues Focusing on this first section of the discussion, it is important to identify the involvement and participation issues in the case study of Capgemini UK plc such as: first, the company encourages consultation in the workplace. As noted in this case study, the company employs the principle mechanism referred to as ‘Forum’ which has evolved over seven years in this company. This principle mechanism called ‘Forum’ and the evolution of the same in seven years is an indication of involvement and participation issues in the company. Involvement and participation theory rose as large, complex, and centralized firms with remote management continued to grow (Hyman 1995, p. 300). As they continued to develop the employees increasingly questioned the unilateral decision-making mechanisms used by managers. With the development background of involvement and participation in the early years, workers increasingly questioned the unilateral decision-making process used by managers (Hyman, 1). This came about due to the fact that large, complex, and centralized organization
The introduction Some biographical points While finding correlations between Langston Hughes’s experiences and his poems, there are some fundamentals concerning the poet’s life, which must be considered. First of all, it should be pointed out that James Mercer Langston Hughes is considered to be one of the most famous American poets, who contributed into jazz poetry development. Hughes is also known as a successful novelist and a social activist. The poet took part in a cultural movement of 1920-1930, which is best known as The Harlem Renaissance (“Poetry: Langston Hughes” par. 2). The poems written by Langston Hughes reflected his inner feelings and the issues he was interested in. The body Harlem The poems I would like to discuss are Harlem and Mother to Son. Of course, the title of the first poem reminds us of the events, which took place in the early twenties. In my opinion, the author reflected not only his own views concerning the expectations of African-American population, but he also depicted the ways America reacted to the legacy of the Harlem Renaissance. When reading the poem, it becomes obvious that the poet wanted the black artists could feel free and express their inner emotions. The poet defended his own ideas and supported the black activists. As far as Hughes took active part in a cultural movement, one can make a conclusion that the poem reflects his deep concern in social issues (“Profile: Langston Hughes” par. 4). On the one hand, it seems that the poem is rather simple and has no the point; however, one the other hand, when analyzing the hidden meaning of the lines the poem consists of, it becomes obvious that a well-known social activist tires to answer a serious question: “ What happens to a dream deferred ?” (Reuben par. 1). The final line seems to be the answer to the question, although the answer has a form of a question, i.e.: “ Or does it explode? ” (Reuben par. 1). Thus, the analysis of the lines the poem includes gives us an opportunity to suppose that Hughes depicted the issues he was interested in, the issues, which can be regarded as burning problems of his time. Harlem has unusual rhyme. Maybe, it is the correspondence of sound between words, which makes the process of understanding the poem more difficult. Tom Hansen is of the opinion that “Rhyme is integrated with structure in a way that typography is not. If the typography had been, structure would be that much more evident, and the poem would appear to be more logically divided into stanzas” (par. 4). Mother to Son The second poem written by Langston Hughes is Mother to Son. While discussing a piece of writing, I have to point out that famous so
Introduction Notably, there is an argument that the Founding Fathers of America did not take into consideration the issue of sexism when they considered some clauses in the constitution. It has largely remained an obvious and undisputed fact that the founding fathers who framed the constitution desired the enshrined rights to be enjoyed by male whites. At the material time, the ownership of property was mainly confined in the hands of a few white male American citizens. The inclusion of the clause that all men are created equal in the constitution has been a proposition for popularity. However, though its translations and versions are used in the day-to-day working of institutions, it is highly disputable as to whether the founding fathers desired its conclusive application (Fiorina & Morris, 67). Analysis Other strong wording in the constitution to affirm the independence has been said to have had their limited application to the free white men only. The doubts based on the founders’ wording of the constitution are based on the notion that women had to fight for their rights two centuries prior to the drafting of the constitution. Some writers have stated that the framers of the constitution were insecure and hypocrites. Much unnecessary credit has been given to them with little regard to their numerous weaknesses. The praises that they get are exaggerated and have ignored the fact that they were human beings and subject to human weaknesses. There is a substantial body of knowledge showing that the founders were racists and sexists(Fiorina & Morris, 69). In the wording of the constitution, there are pronouns that have been used in the place of both men and women. Some individuals have used this to suggest the existence of equality in the constitution. This has been disputed though, and valid questions have been raised, which are meant to show that people did not mean women. There are people who support the notion that women were not considered during the drafting of the constitution. Therefore, it is clear that some individuals believe that the founding fathers designed a constitution for every American citizen, either male or female (Miroff, Swanstrom&Seidelman, 26). This notion has been largely supported. There are those who have relied on Article five of the constitution whereby women are accorded equal rights during trials. Women have all through exercised their rights under the Amendment. This means that women formed people in the drafting of the constitution. It has been argued that women and those men without property have been offered many other rights in the constitution. The supporters of the notion that women have been accorded equal rights have based their arguments on the fact that women have been treated like men before the law. These proponents have also indicated that to contend that the founding fathers were sexists, and racist it would be an untrue generalization. The strong point the women have been subjected to massive discrimination, and that they could not be allowed to vote is a v
The discovery of America is considered as the main event, which contributed to the development of the Old and New Worlds. It is evident that it played a significant role in the world history and contributed to the development of the global trade, internationalization, and multiculturalism. Despite being uncertain and risky, the discovery of America is of a high significance and contributed to the development of the world trade, globalization, and innovation by introducing new products, starting the colonization period, acquiring of the natural resources, necessity to develop new vaccines and medicines, development of new religious doctrines, and establishment of new trade routes. The primary goal of this essay is to evaluate Old and New World exchanges, determine the effect on various social cohorts, and assess the impact on the development of the lifestyle of the average workers in colonies. In the end, the conclusions are drawn to determine the importance of the event to the global economy and society. Old and New World Exchanges Firstly, the Old and New world have to exchange knowledge and lifestyle to continue their sustainable existence. First, aspect is the Colombian exchange since it contributed to the globalization of food and cultivation of the agricultural cultures such as tomatoes in Europe (Boivin, 2012). In turn, the domestic animals, which were transported from Europe, were actively grown in the New World. It is evident that this aspect was a principal contributor to the development of the international trade and globalization. In this instance, the food exchange was beneficial to the world economy and allowed having an efficient distribution of the resources in the world. Another aspect is the fact that Columbus discovery contributed to the colonization period, which was beneficial to Europe. In this instance, it is apparent that the countries were discovering the new territories rapidly to improve their dominance in the world. It is evident that this fact contributed to the migration to the new land (Powell, 2009). Nonetheless, migration allowed empowering internationalization on the American continent, as representatives of various cultures and ethnicities traveled to the new land to discover new opportunities. Consequently, colonization and migration were the first steps for the introduction of the United States of America, as an extremely international country with numerous opportunities. Lastly, the Old World acquired the natural resources from the discovery of the American land such as gold. It is apparent that this aspect contributed to the development and advancement of the European treasuries and reserves. Moreover, it was one of the principal drivers for the development of the economic stability in Europe. In turn, the New World gained the ability to trade its products with the rest of the world due to the development of the routes. Development of trusting relationships on the international trade market allowed a sufficient exchange of goods and services in the world. Groups, Which Were Affected by the Event The soci
Introduction According to anthropologists, culture is a system that includes beliefs, ritual, Performances, art forms lifestyle patterns, symbols, language, clothing, music, dance, and any other mode of human expressive intellectual and communicative behaviour that is associated with a community during a particular time period. Culture is sometimes subdivided in such categories as high and low on the basis of preference within the systems that are associated with differences in social class, education, and other variables within the community (Eddyj25 2006). The role of the supervisor is actually supervision (Lucas 1994). The supervisor does their job by creating output through the efforts of others. The supervisor plans for the activities, hours, and schedules the activities. They provide leadership and direction to the people they are supervising, they manage or supervise others to ensure that work is getting done, and they also take responsibility for the performance of the people working for them. The supervisor must know their long-range personal goals, and also the business goals for their own departments. There are many roles and functions of supervisors depending on the department they are leading or the work that is assigned to them by the top management. This paper discusses the roles and functions of a supervisor in popular culture. Popular culture in this sense includes, television shows, films, music, novel and other works of fiction, advertisements, urban myths and radio shows. Supervisors Much as the long term personal goals of the supervisor include owning a home, having a family, buying a new car, advancing with the company and, of course, earning more money, the supervisor must also ensure that the goals of their department that may include earning the respect of their employees, eliminating problem situations, asserting their authority, contributing to new ideas, convincing top management of the department’s value and contribution and changing procedures and methods (Farshadnaderi. 2010). Thus the supervisor must be patient, tolerant, sensitive, and punctual and exhibit decisiveness in any situation that may arise (Articunoboy12. 2011). Functions of the Supervisor The supervisor in popular culture industry must be able to identify particular skills needed in order to achieve a particular function. A good example is in documentary where, the narrator must have excellent narrating skills (mhfm1 2011). Thus, they must be able to determine whether those particular skills ar
The United States of America is often viewed as a country of opportunities, which has a high contribution of the immigrants to its growth and economic development. Nonetheless, each immigrant group impacted the improvement of the social condition of the American nation. Nevertheless, representatives of each country were attracted by the freedoms and an extended variety of rights provided by the Constitution (Embassy of the United States of America 9). The primary goal of this essay is to discuss the contribution of Muslim Americans, Mexican Americans, and Greek Americans to the social, economic, and cultural growth of the country while introducing innovations, values, and cultural aspects. Firstly, the role of Muslim Americans cannot be underestimated, as they contributed to the economic growth and social development while being highly qualified professionals by representing each level of society (Embassy of the United States of America 10). Additionally, the early ties and connections with Muslim countries were one the primary reason for the development of the strong democratic basis in American civilization while respecting diversity and cherishing multiculturalism. Additionally, it remains apparent that Muslims assisted in the cultivation of religious diversity due to the ability to save and value their religious principles and making the rest of American society understand its vitality (Embassy of the United States of America 60). In turn, Mexican Americans had a vehement influence on American civilization and can still be considered as the highest group of immigrants in its number. It could be said that this immigrant group has a vehement impact on the mass media since it tends to add “Mexican flavor” to the TV programs, series, movies, and pop-music culture (Garcia 163). Additionally, it has an extended influence on the political culture by highlighting the essentiality of the representatives of various ethnical groups in the political parties and governmental institutions (Garcia 163). Based on the information provided above, the Mexican minority group not only influenced the American culture from the social perspective but also contributed to the necessity to modify political principles and voting schemes. Lastly, Greek Americans tend to alter the flow of American life while valuing the principles of their culture. In this case, Greeks were capable of bringing their culture’s particular qualities to the everyday life of American society. Consequently, they were able to save their ethnic aspects such as Greek language, cuisine, traditions, and cultural principles, and these features are present in the modern American culture (Barkan 395). Based on the facts mentioned above, Greek culture contributed to the modifications in the flow of American life while cultivating the necessity of respect to its values. In the end, it could be said that all immigrant groups mentioned above vehemently contributed to
The language that will be examined in the future research paper is Standard Chinese language, namely the Beijing dialect. One of the reasons this particular language was chosen is because “Chinese dialects entail rich variation and present a wealth of research question, encompassing historical phonology, family classification” (Tang, 2018, p. 547). Such aspects of it will be explored as the structure of Mandarin syllables and characteristics of phonemes. Their conventional classification models will be given and explained. Moreover, at least a third of the work will be devoted to the analysis of Standard Chinese through Optimality Theory. The upcoming study aims to expand personal knowledge of the Beijing dialect, other languages, and linguistics in general. The development of research skills is also seen as one of the goals. Optimality Theory offers a complex theoretical framework for the study of the Beijing dialect. To be more precise, its approach to phonology allows detailed analysis of phonemes’ characteristics from different perspectives. One of them is the cognitive view of phonemes, their origin, and development, which van de Weijer (2019) describes in his work. Another article that was selected for the subsequent research is Constructing the Mandarin Phonological Network: Novel Syllable Inventory Used to Identify Schematic Segmentation by Neergaard & Huang. The authors provide readers with the unique Mandarin phonological network (Neergaard & Huang, 2019). This information will help understand and develop new knowledge of such components of Standard Chinese as CV syllables, coronal stops, obstruent, and minimum foot size better. Book by Boberg, Nerbonne, and Watt provides insight into the discipline of dialectology in general and Chinese dialects in particular. Dialectical features are important even in the study of a single dialect. Dialectic features are important even in the study of a single dialect.