ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Online banking is considered to be the future of the banking sector and virtual trade. The technological progress and the ever-increasing availability of the Internet in almost every aspect of our lives promotes a transition of many day-to-day activities into the internet, and banking is no different. In the past, banking almost inadvertently meant a visit to a local bank in order to perform all the required financial operations. The situation began to shift with the introduction of ATMs, which allowed for performing basic banking operations like payments, deposits, and billing without actually visiting the bank. This saved a lot of time both for the customers and for bank employees – the ATM machines did not require cashiers to operate and allowed the customers to perform all the necessary operations by themselves. Instead of opening up representative offices in distant areas, the banks were allowed to make do with ATM machines (Hanafizandeh 493). However, progress never stands still. With the internet available everywhere, even a short trip to the ATM machine could feel a little inconvenient. Online banking offers enable customers to perform the majority of financial operations available through a local branch from the comfort of their homes. UAE is considered to be a regional economic power that follows the latest economic and technological trends. Naturally, the online activities of the UAE banking sector benefitted greatly from employing online banking operations and other related activities into their day-to-day practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed overview of online banking activities in the UAE, including historical background, market specificity, statistics, examples, and main market players. Historical Background The first bank in the UAE was the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates, which was established in 1973 (Rusu and Shen 2). The purpose of that bank was to enable the government to control monetary, banking, and financial policies and oversee its implementation in accordance with the State’s general policies. These policies were aimed at supporting the national economy, subsidizing local businesses, and ensuring the stability of the local currency. The Central Bank oversaw the activities of private banks, while at the same time imposed great regulations on any foreign capital operating in the region. These policies ensured that the local banking system was not ousted by foreign banks and gave it time to mature and grow (Rusu and Shen 2). The majority of private banks were established between 1987 and 2002. This coincided with the creation of first personal computers and the development of the World-Wide Web. The prospects for the incorporation of online financial transactions into the country’s banking system were, thus, promising. Despite that, the use of internet banking in the UAE between 2000-2005 was not as wide-spread or developed in the UAE as it was in western countries. Instead, physical branch banking and ATMs were the most common channels of interaction b
Abstract An increase in the worldwide consumption of fuel has created anxieties regarding diminishing reserves of fossil fuels. Additionally, the use of fossil fuels is linked to adverse environmental consequences. As a result, there is an increased interest in the use of biofuels, which are sustainable fuel sources with minimal environmental concerns. Microbial systems are commonly being used for the production of biofuels. OleT JE is a unique variant of cytochrome P450, a special group of enzymes that catalyses the formation of terminal alkenes from fatty acids. However, this process leads to the formation of undesired α- and β-hydroxylation by-products, which lower the yield of terminal olefins. The purpose of this project is to use quantum mechanics (QM) and molecular mechanics (MM) to engineer OleT JE to overproduce terminal olefins by eliminating these hydroxylation by-products. A literature review was conducted to understand the reaction mechanisms of OleT JE and identify pathway points for manipulation. It was noted that successful blocking of α- and β-hydroxylation reactions would require changing the active site of the enzyme, temperature modifications, and experimenting with different OleT JE enzyme systems. Starting samples will be obtained from the protein databank in pdb format and manipulated to include the required components before being subjected to computational manipulations. It is expected that the successful implementation of this project will have positive personal, academic, industrial, and economic impacts. Introduction A rapid increase in global fuel consumption has generated numerous concerns regarding dwindling fuel reserves. This problem is exacerbated by volatile geopolitical factors, the inconsistent cost of fossil fuel, and increasing apprehensions about national energy security (Covert et al., 2016). Furthermore, the use of fossil fuel causes grave environmental concerns due to the emission of greenhouse gases (Nicoletti et al., 2015). As a result, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable fossil fuel substitutes. Biofuels generated from biological resources exemplify a promising substitute for fossil fuels because they are renewable and do not have adverse environmental consequences. The most common biofuels in the current market are bioethanol and biodiesel. Nevertheless, the best biofuels are bio-hydrocarbons, particularly intermediate to long-chain fatty alkanes or alkenes (Liu et al. 2014). Other uses of aliphatic hydrocarbons include polymers, detergents, and lubricants. Preference is given to biofuels of this type because of their close resemblance to petroleum-based fuels in terms of a chemical structure and physical attributes. Therefore, recent research efforts have focused on biosynthetic pathways from different microorganisms and their potential in the production of aliphatic hydrocarbons (Liao et al., 2016; Zargar et al., 2017). One benefit of using microorganisms to synthesize fatty alkanes or alkenes is that microbial systems are amenable t
What is internet?   * It is the largest computer network in the world because it is made up of millions of interconnected computer networks around the world.   * Most of this information is free and owned by various independent bodies such as the government, leaning institutions, and individuals.   * The internet also has the reference of ‘the Net’, ‘information superhighway’, or ‘cyberspace’. Uses of the internet   * Electronic mails;   * Information & Programs access;   * Entertainment;   * Newsgroups & Chatting;   * Online shopping. How the internet works   * All computers work synchronically to enhance transfer requests.   * Information is broken down to packets (smaller pieces) that transfer independently by taking various paths and are reassembled at the destination.   * The computer language on the internet is the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) which enables the breaking down of the messages to packets and if part of the internet fails, it assists to find alternative routes.   * Various computers known as ‘Routers’ exists in the net to regulate traffic.   * The servers are big machines in the network that serve as workstations and facilitates the transfers. Requirements for internet connection   * Computers and the operating systems;   * The programs for accessing the internet files such as internet explorer;   * Modems for connecting;   * Internet service providers;   * Network interface cards or adapters. Launching the browser software   * The default browser on the computers running the Microsoft operating systems is the internet explorer.   * The icon for the explorer is found at the stat up menu and the desktop platform for easy stat up.   * On Windows interface, one can double-click on the Internet Explorer desktop icon or access from the Start menu by moving to ‘ All Programs ’ options and selecting Internet Explorer . The web The web is made up of millions of hyperlinked pages that include text, pictures, sound or video. Internet Explorer Overview   * Internet explorer is available with the Microsoft operating systems interfaces;   * There are various important components on the example of an internet files window;   * The internet explorer brings in a specific page (Homepage) which one can customize by changing the Home Page though the Internet options dialog box from Tools Menu on the explorer menu bar , or through the internet options from the control panel at the start menu of the operating system. Changing the home page   * Open the webpage for the preferred for home page use.   * From the down arrow on the Home button , Add or Change home page .   * A Home Page dialog box assists one to choose use of the webpage as the only home page . Terms and their definitions   * URL:       + (Universal Resource Locator) is address of a webpage retrieved from the internet. Each page on the net has a unique identification (URL). E.g.- www.wellesley.edu.   * Navigate Backwards and Forwards:       + The tool bar on the explorer window has the forward
Gospel Parables refers to the simple allegorical stories that were commonly applied by Jesus in most of His teachings to the multitudes, as it is evident in the Gospel books of the New Testament. Those parables were designed to teach or illustrate some moral lessons or religious principles, among other key aspects. The parables in the synoptic gospels basically proclaimed the Kingdom of God and were used as a way of defining the Kingdom itself (Green, 1997). In this case, certain things or symbols would be compared to the various aspects that surrounded the kingdom. One good example of a parable that was used by Jesus to tell about the Kingdom of God was the story of the ten virgins, which is highlighted in chapter 25 of the book of Matthew, from verse one to thirteen. This parable tells the story of ten maidens who prepared for a wedding feast and were waiting for the bridegroom, so that they could receive him to the feast. In this parable, Jesus compares the Kingdom of Heaven to ten virgins who were preparing to meet the bridegroom (Hultgren, 2002). However, half of the ten maidens were wise, while the other half were foolish. Those who were wise knew better and were much informed than the foolish ones. In this regard, they proved to be much prepared to meet the bridegroom compared to the foolish ones, and when the moment came, they would take oil in their vessels along with their lamps. However, the foolish ones took their lamps as well, but without any spare oil with them. Now it happened that the bridegroom had delayed to appear in the expected time, and all the ten maidens had fallen into sleep. Come in the midnight, the air was full of cries signaling the eventual arrival of the bridegroom. Suddenly, the ten maidens arose and lit up their lamps. The wise ones had their lamps full of oil and could burn for long hours, but the foolish lot was facing the fate of getting into darkness, for their lamps were going out for lack of extra oil. Meanwhile, the five foolish maidens approached the wise ones and pleaded with them for a share of oil to sustain their lamps, which were almost going out. However, the wise dismissed them by claiming that the oil won’t be enough to be shared among them and that it would be rather good for their friends to go to the sellers and get to buys oil for themselves. The foolish maidens had no other option, but to go out in search for oil and it was while they were away when the bridegroom finally showed up for the feast. The bunch that was ready accompanied him into the feast, and the doors were finally closed, locking out any intruder who might try to force their way into the feast. Later on, the other five maidens also came and they cried out loudly, calling for the Lord of the feast to open the door for them, but the master responded by claiming that, he didn’t know them (“The Parables of Je
Operant conditioning is a strategy that is used to change one’s undesirable behavior and encourage desirable ones; this is through punishments or rewards. According to Skinner, a behaviorist, internal thoughts, as well as motivations, explain one’s behavior; therefore, the environment under which an individual operates can be changed in order to generate specific consequences (Hartley, 2001). For instance, a boy is promised a reward after completing his homework; in this case, the promise to get a reward increases the behavior of completing the homework. The operant conditioning reduces an undesirable behavior; in the case of punishment, one is discouraged from undesirable behaviors. For instance, a student may be denied some privileges when they make noise during class time; this is meant to decrease an undesirable behavior, which is making noise during class time. Operant conditioning uses some key concepts, which include punishment; this concept presents an adverse effect to an individual in order to discourage an undesirable behavior. The concept of punishment is categorized into positive punishment and negative punishment; positive punishment presents an event that is unfavorable to reduce an undesirable behavior, while negative punishment removes an unfavorable event when an undesirable behavior is decreased (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009). The concept of reinforcement creates an environment that encourages desirable behavior. This concept classified in positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement uses events presented after the behavior and the event should be favorable. In this case, a desirable behavior is encouraged through praising or rewarding an individual directly (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009). Negative reinforcement is used by removing an event that is unfavorable when an individual displays a desirable behavior; in this case, a desirable behavior is encouraged by removing an unpleasant event. The use of positive reinforcement is more effective that the use of negative reinforcement. Natural people enjoy being praised and enjoy rewards; therefore, they will be easily encouraged to do good when they are rewarded or praised afterwards (Wills, 2005). Positive reinforcement also improves one’s attitude towards desirable behavior, this means that an individual will associate desirable behavior with good things; he/she will do good things even if he/she is not promised rewards or praised (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009). Additionally, positive reinforcement, especially praises, improves one’s self-confidence; he/she feels good when praised, and this makes him/her to believe in engaging in desirable behaviors. Therefore, such individuals will always be willing to do good things. This means that the change of behavior will not only apply to a specific behavior being encouraged, but also to other desirable behaviors. Positive reinforcement also enhances better relations between the one correcting and the one being corrected; the one being corrected is perceived as a person who always means good and other subsequent corrections are always welcomed (Wills, 2005). Here, is an example of an operant con
Introduction Several standards protections that apply to human resources are found in the Australian legislation. Some examples include the Fair Work Act 2009, Fair Work Relations 2009, Public Sector Management Act 1995, Occupational Health, safety and Welfare, Work, and Radiation Protection and Control Act. The anti-discrimination laws include the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, Sex Discrimination Act 1984, the Equal Opportunity Act 1984, the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986, and Disability Discrimination Act 1992, among others. This paper will identify the relevant legislative provisions in Australia and, where applicable, contrast them with those in the United States. The differences will be highlighted, and the possible impacts on employers highlighted. This would also include the effects on employers in small businesses. Standards Protections Found In Australian Legislation One of the legislative provisions in the Australian legislation that offer protection when it comes to human resources in businesses includes the Fair Work Act 2009 (Fair work). 1 This was designed to ensure that workplace rights were upheld and standards guaranteed without compromising the competitive edge of the Australian marketplace. This provision in the Australian legislation provided a haven for employees, and it constitutes of two parts. These portions included the new modern awards and the National Employment Standards. Employees’ wages must have a certain minimum point that is to be observed by employers. 2 The National Employment Standards comprised of the conditions provided to employers. The employers had to observe and adhere to the maximum hours the employees had to
The pace of revolution of information technology is fast and has become even faster over the last decades. Consequently, many businesses have embraced the developments in information technology in a bid to avoid being looked out from the world of technology. One of the latest result based management practices is through the use of information systems in a business. The role in which information systems play in management of a business is of great significance to the success of any businesses enterprise operating in the current world. Furthermore, it is worth noting that information systems are designed for collection, processing, retrieving, and distributing information in a business. This helps to speed up the process of management and delegation of duties within a chain of command. Studies show that the current competitive business world requires organizations to have information systems to ease and speedup up the flow of information to many individuals. The core functions of information system for managers are solving problems, which arise in a business model. In addition, information systems help in enterprise management and development of new products in a business. However, information systems are designed to be used by people in strategic departments according to the structure and operation of a business entity. This is because every information system is developed for a specific function such as manufacturing, accounting, and marketing and human resource management. These systems help to simplify human labor and time, which is needed in a business operation. Arguably, the implementation of information systems in a business is a non-debatable issue (Gilman and Carl 56). Business managers should also be keen to change their systems in line the recent innovations. This is due to the fact that systems change very fast and thus likely to affect the operation of a business. Moreover, information systems should be integrated with the global networks so as to receive the newest and latest updates on the technology. This is because global information is very important for global decision making in a business. Nevertheless, information systems also benefit marketing departments. They provide managers with information about consumer needs thus contributing to designing of products for consumer’s preference. To adjudge, managers should embrace information technology through implementation of information systems, which will eventually lead to a good and better output (Daft 164). Technology trend: Digitization On
The Great Mayan Empire is one of the most well known ancient empires of Mesoamerica. This civilization achieved the stage of development which was not known before. The great monuments and cities, science of astronomy and math – these cultural peculiarities show the great essence of that empire. Situated mostly on the Yucatan peninsula, it spread its influence all over the continent. ”At their peak around 900 A.D., Maya cities teemed with more than 2,000 people per square mile” (Coulter, 2009, para. 1). The Mayan calendar is well known all over the world and it is not the only invention in the list. The art of ancient Maya still impresses the imagination of people by its greatness and queerness. The famous Mayan pyramids, as El Castillo, make the keen rivalry to the Egypt Pyramids and astonish the tourists and scientist all over the world. The ruins of Tikal, the main Mayan city, in Guatemala shows the architecture and the scope of the ancient builders – even now it is difficult to create the city like this. Having achieved the highest level of development and dominating in the ancient world they were expected to enter the Golden Age. But suddenly, in the short period of time, the Great Mayan Empire disappeared. It had not left any obvious evidences of its collapse, giving the scientists of nowadays the great puzzle to solve. The Maya civilization is one of the most mysterious enigmas of modern age. The great mystery gives rise to the great number of different investigations of its nature. This one is not an exception. There have been a lot of theories of the Mayan Empire collapse throughout the history of the investigation of this question. We are going to analyze some of them. The first version is expounded in the article The Fall of the Maya: “They Did it to Themselves” by Dauna Coulter. The main idea of the article can be understood from its title – the ancient Maya were guilty for the extinction of their Empire. The author of the article is the adherer of so called environmental theory. She states that the main factor, influencing the blistering collapse of the ancient culture, was the draught, triggered by the great change in the environment, where ancient Maya lived. Being the agricultural society, they depended heavily from the harvest of corn, which was their main culture. The draught led to the great decrease of the harvest, causin
The Canto 5 of Dante’s “Inferno/Hell” is all about punishing sinners in Hell circles. Minos is the inferno judge; therefore, once a person dies, they appear before Minos, confess their sins and face judgment. Minos’s appearance is of a beast that growls; as scary as he is, he deserves the position of punishing the sinners. Amid the groans and cries of sinners, Dante manages to explain the theme of love. Love is supposed to be a good feeling, which everyone needs to experience, but in this case, it appears as a sin. Dante considers the idea of depravity by admitting, it is the relationship, which brought them to death. In the story, Francesca and Paolo decide to be a couple, sealed by affection (“Dante Alighieri”). The brother discovers their affair, and proceeds to condemn the two to eternal life. It is unfortunate that Dante’s “Inferno/Hell” contradicts the affection’s current deliberation. Dante’s idea is significantly different from the contemporary’s perception of love. Today, this phenomenon is characterized as a deep affectionate feeling occurring between two people. This emotion can be tensely ardent and lead to sexual engagement, care towards each other, and striving to see the best in the partner. Unlike in Dante’s work, the world considers love as a standard, and everyone appreciates its existence. Plato believes love is a philia sensation, which occurs out of eros, and it is useful as it is a part of immortal affecting all human beings (Burton 1). The same applies to Courtly, who refers to a married woman contextually (Burton 1). According to Courtly, a woman becomes an object of night devotion, inaccessible, and offers self-sacrifice (Burton 1). Courtly and Plato consider love acceptable as the world sees it today, unlike in Dante’s time when it was viewed as a sin. In conclusion, love in contemporary society is appreciable by everyone. Plato, Courtly, and the general perception of affection today, represent it as a valuable sensatio