ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary Financial scandals have been common in corporations for a considerable length of time. In this particular paper, fraudulent financial activities that have affected three companies have been discussed. The rigging of financial markets and large well established corporations is not a new phenomenon. However, the trend seems to be getting out of control in the modern economy. There are growing allegations that systematic robbing of financial institutions has been taking place in the past 3 decades or so. One of the worst impacts of financial fraud in these institutions is that the global interest ad exchange rates have always been forcibly fixed by a few fraudulent individuals. In other words, the market forces of demand and supply are hardly left to play their roles in the contemporary liberalized economies. This paper offers a succinct discussion of three top financial scandals that have been witnessed in the recent past. Introduction When banks in London are engaged in the process of borrowing from each other, there is a specific charge that is levied on the service. This average interest rate is referred to as Libor. The Thomson Reuters usually play the role of calculating this value (Snyder, 2012). There are several instances when Libor matters a lot especially when it comes to the net value of a product or when borrowing loans from banks and other financial institutions. For instances, it is highly likely that Libor affects credit card usage and property loans in several ways. Even the US economy is significantly affected by Libor. Other scandals discussed in this paper include the Enron and WorldCom scandals. The London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor) To begin with, it is perhaps necessary to explore the culprits behind the Libor scandal. The fixing scandal for interest rates is believed to have involved close to twenty major banks both in Europe and the United States. It has also been found out that banks spread across three continents were embroiled in the scandal. The scandal remarkably jeopardized the career of Bob Diamond who was serving as the chief executive officer at that time. Pressure mounted each day for the CEO to surrender his office while other several top professionals in the banking sector across the world were being compelled to quit their offices so that investigations could be started (Snyder, 2012). In order to assist the trading position of the bank immediately before the onset of global financial meltdown in 2007, submissions that were never true were made to the committee charged with the role of setting interest rates for Libor. This was a critical way of manipulating interest rates so that the overall financial performance of the bank could improve. Besides, this move boosted the profitability of the Barclays Bank (Snyder, 2012). This was a serious fraud bearing in mind that Libor is a leading interest rates benchmark across the global financial markets. The integrity of the interest rates was adversely affected by the Barclays’ behavior since it
Reproductive Cloning Cloning is assumed to be one of the most challenging moral dilemmas as many people think that it poses a risk to human dignity and spiritual integrity. It is a well-known fact that people often perceive future perspectives as impossible or dangerous, but over time they get used to the new technologies and approaches. Although, it will be inappropriate to state that our moral intuition is just a product of prejudice and we must address any scientific breakthrough as necessary and safe. I suppose that cloning is one of the breakthroughs that need the system of counterbalance providing a holistic approach to the problem. The consequentialist moral theory is the theory that better fits my approach as it supposes that people think about consequences and learn from their mistakes. Undoubtedly, the ability of biological science to collaborate methods on how to improve the reproductive process and make it available to people with health problems could be a decent aim to pursue. Firstly, society should consider that there are various aims and types of cloning and do not oppose the idea of cloning in its general sense. For instance, reproductive cloning may provide children for the people that are not able to have their own children. Although, a moral dilemma stems from the very idea of embryo use. Some people believe that an embryo has a special moral status and taking cells from it or doing any other manipulations with an embryo violates this status. This problem can be viewed differently as an embryo is associated with the evolution of the human being as well and, therefore, any manipulations with it in favor for science and development may underline the special meaning of the continuous aspiration to improvement. In the sense of human progress, not only bare ideas, cloning has its methodology and experimental basis and so, according to consequentialist theory, has its own rules of what is a good idea and what is a good outcome. If the main goal of science is to make our future safer and provide the individuals with an advanced health care system, the end justifies some of the means. For instance, some genetic disorders can cause heart diseases, neurological morbidity and the number of other health problems. Reproductive cloning can deal with genetic disorders, resulting in healthier children – and that is a scientific fact. Some people assume that reproductive cloning available to the population must lead to loss of the societal value of a person. Uniqueness has been a basis for an individual’s self-esteem and proud for centuries. In the end, we perceive our life not only through the lens of science, and people are interested in their uniqueness and the fact that only diversity can contribute for pluralism in opinions. Although, it is not only the matter of genes. People have a different environment and experience that influence their reactions and attitudes. Therefore, instead of criticizing the genetic breakthroughs, it may be useful to create an interesting and various environment which will shape unique individualities. Undoubtedly, cloning creates multiple opportunities for the health system and science. I
According to the American Psychiatric Association, DSM-IV-TR (2000), physical symptoms and signs elicited by somatoform disorders may indicate a severe medical condition capable of inflicting functional impairment and distress to a patient. Tazaki and Landlaw (2006) recognize five types of somatoform disorders, namely; conversion disorder, pain disorder, somatization disorder, dysmorphic disorder and hypochondriasis. Diagnosis for somatoform disorder relies on a patient’s history of physiological symptoms that are either serious or bothersome or inflict pain and distress. Symptoms of importance are those that cannot be explained medically and usually emerge when a patient is exposed to stress. Kroenke and Swindle (2000) carried out a review on 31 CBT controlled, reported cases of somatoform disorders. In their review, 29 trials were randomized while the other two were not. The authors found out that physical symptoms were rampant in the patients. While administering CBT, significant improvement was observed in more than 71% of the trials. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) also improved response in a further 11% of the trials. Only 38% of the studies expressed a definite advantage of using CBT to reduce psychological distress. In addition, 26% of the studies showed the possibility of using CBT in improving a patient’s functional status. Study perspectives It was intriguing to find out that stress and conflict may initiate or increase the magnitude of pain. This occurred in 10-15% of cases. In addition, they found out that pain problems are diverse. Unfortunately, many patients who turned up at emergency units with chest pains did not receive specialized treatment. Patients left facilities after assessments that confirmed their condition to be normal (Mayou, Bryant, Clark, & Forfar, 1994). Similarly, usage of relaxation technique sufficed as paramount. In a separate study, Van-Peski-Oosterbann, Spinhoven, van Rood, van der Does, & Rooijmans (1999), studied an experimental group receiving CBT techniques such as breathing, coping skills and relaxation against another group receiving normal treatment. The researchers observed notable improvements i
Introduction Coca-Cola, being one of the sponsors for the London Olympic Games 2012, has great plans to capture a large of the Olympics market. Therefore, the task of the paper is to create a demographic profile of the spectators at the Olympics. This paper will also help in developing a product for Coca-Cola in order to target one specific group. This paper will show the major factors that affect the price elasticity of demand for Coca-Cola during major events like the Olympics. Further, the paper will show how the demand for the product will increase due to advertising. Demographic Profile This analysis of the demographic profile is based only on UK residents. The data is gathered from the Food Survey of 2008 (DEFRA, 2008). If the demographic group is divided on the basis of age then the expenditure on soft drink consumption on three years average (from 2006 through 2008). The demographic pattern will be dealt with on basis of age, income, household composition, and region. The demographic profile by age is provided in figure 1. Figure 1. Consumer Purchase and Expenditure on Soft Drinks by Age. The consumer expenditure and purchase of soft drinks by age are shown in figure 1. The data shows that the age group does the maximum purchase of soft drinks in quantities 40-49 years. Overall the largest amount of soft drink purchase and expenditure is done by the people under 50 who spend the most pence per person per week on soft drink consumption. Figure 2: Expenditure by Income. Figure 2 shows the expenditure of the households on basis of income and their expenditure in average pence per week. Here, quintile 1 represents the lowest and quintile 5 represents the highest income group. This shows that the people who spend the maximum on a soft drink with income group belonging to quintile 3 and 4 i.e. middle and upper-middle-class income group. Therefore, overall the largest three quintiles spend the maximum amount on soft drinks per person per week. Figure 3 shows that the families, which have children, have the maximum consumption of soft drinks in the UK. As figure 3 shows, any family with 2 more adults and 1 or more children has the maximum expenditure on soft drinks. The average weekly expenditure per person on soft drinks is found to be maximum in England, North West, and West Midlands. Figure 3. Expenditure on soft drink based on family composition. Figure 4: Expenditure on Soft Drink by region. Coca-Cola may launch a new range of carbonated sorts of energy drinks during the Olympics game. The target customer for Coca-Cola during the Olympics would be people under 50, with income belonging to middle or upper-income level, and belonging to a household with at least one child. The target profile is presented in figure 5. The figure shows the preference of these target profiles in terms of the nature of the soft drinks. Here we consider four types of soft drink – low calorie concentrated non-concentrated and not low calories concentrated a
Case Summary The patient in question, Mike, is actively involved in the military and has recently come back from 8 months of deployment in Afghanistan. He is a father to two children and has been married to Joan for eight years. He is finding it difficult currently to adjust to civil life after coming back, often having angry outbursts that affect his family and colleagues. It is essential to realize that the patient is not innately aggressive but has become more impulsive because of being deployed three times. The health problems are an issue for the patient because of his relationship with the family since he would not want his children or wife fearing him. Furthermore, it is essential because of his general standing in society since his boss is concerned about keeping Mike his job. Case Health Problems As per the Neuman system, the nursing personnel must look at the patient as a whole, at all five parts, to achieve a sufficiently complete diagnosis. When a person becomes defensive, whether physically, mentally, or both, their lines of resistance have been breached, then the patient is trying to rid of the stressors that affect him and therefore deal with trauma. How this might manifest can be both physical and mental and therefore needs to be treated with that considered. Health Problems: Physiological It is evident from the case study that Mike is having trouble sleeping, often having nightmares. According to Riemann et al., different types of insomnia should be considered when diagnosing this patient (2017). In this case, insomnia results from the stress that the patient has incurred when deployed in Afghanistan. This kind of insomnia is both physiological and psychological, and the psychological part will be discussed more extendedly in the next section. Riemann et al. refer to this as pathophysiology, which refers to the disturbing nature of physiological systems due to some injury (2017). Although it is unclear from the case study whether Mike has any physical injuries that he got when deployed, it is evident that he has been affected otherwise. Health Problems: Psychological As mentioned above, Mike has suffered a great deal of distress and is likely suffering from PTSD. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, according to Kessler et al., is a disorder only a tiny part of the population is affected by (2017). Although a lot of people encounter stressors and traumatizing situations, only a minority develop PTSD. Nevertheless, within the formerly deployed military, PTSD is relatively common as they are typically at a higher risk of developing it (Kessler et al., 2017). Some of the symptoms of PTSD persist for years, which is why it is imperative to diagnose it promptly and begin to treat it. In Mike’s case, some of the symptoms that might point to PTSD include, but are not limited to, nightmares, flashbacks, and physiological/psychological reactivity (Fried et al., 2018). Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the patient might have PTSD. Health Problems: Socio-Cultural As mentioned previously, the patient is having trouble adjusting to civil life. Th
Outline This paper delves into the marketing aspects of the major food and clothing retailer in the UK, ASDA. ASDA’s clothing brand ‘George Clothing’, a subsidiary of the US retail giant Wal-Mart, has a market share of 16.94% in the UK economy. Currently ASDA has over 260 stores all around UK and other countries and 19 depots employing 122,000 staffs, which shows the performance of the company. The main areas covered by Group ASDA are retailing mainly fresh food, grocery items, and clothing, home, leisure and entertainment tools, thus finding new ways competing with other players in the market. The retail industry is especially in a fiercely competitive marketplace having the likes of Tesco, J. Sainsbury, Morrison and Marks & Spencer in the race for market supremacy of UK’s prime retail marketing business. To a large extent it could also be termed as a roller coaster ride with each one of the major players, ASDA, JS and TESCO claiming supremacy in one form or the other. This battle has many advantages from the customers’ point of view. The competitive elements in terms of quality, serviceability, brand image, visibility and market penetration and consolidation gain major advantage and the customer is able to choose according to his preferences and likes. In the final analysis, it is to be determined how best, especially under the present recessionary conditions, ASDA would be able to provide value to customers choices and provide a widest range of products, services and utilities that could endear to them for a long time. Executive Summary The main aim of this report is to identify the current stage of Asda in the retail market and its marketing strategies. Current analysis shows the improvements to be made. The current recession has made the retail market down due to less spending by the consumers. In addition, the trend shows that customers prefer online shopping in order to save time. Due to the brand image as a subsidiary of Wal-Mart, Asda has large opportunities in the market to serve variety of customers. The SWOT analysis gives a clear idea about the internal and external environment which could help planning of the resources. The low price strategy together with setting up large number of online stores can contribute to the objective of ASDA to become Britain’s biggest retail giant. The participative style of obtaining feedback from the customers will help George Clothing label brand to achieve the objective. Introduction This paper is proposed to examine the strategic marketing techniques of the largest cloth retailer in the United Kingdom, ‘George’ at Asda. The main objective of the study involves reviewing its present strategic marketing processes and procedures and delineate how better mobilisation of critical strategic management tools need to be implemented in order to retain its market leadership status. George at ASDA is a subsidiar
Introduction In the following paper, I have my purpose to summarize the article “Collaborative Learning for the Digital Age” written by Cathy Davidson. In addition, I will offer my comments concerning selected aspects of the use of technology in the classroom, identify some relevant areas where technology will influence the educational process and suggest my vision of the way education will be affected by technology in the future. Cathy Davidson, the author of the article, is a Humanities Professor and former Vice Provost at Duke University (Burk 2011). Professor Davidson’s primary purpose in this article seems to convince the reader that modern technologies are very important to help humanity to reach new horizons in the area of the educational process. Article Summary The professor begins her article relating a very intriguing experience from her life when she realized what it means that the human brain has the characteristic of attention blindness and the way this characteristic affects the person’s performances and achievements. Davidson explains that in the twentieth century the education was based on the idea that the student should be focused on one particular task and may shift one’s attention to the other task only in case the previous one is finished. However, she believes that this approach deprives students of achieving more. She tried to prove this supposition experimentally. In 2003 the professor was approached by the representatives from Apple Company with the proposal to participate in the development of iPod technology’s use in class. The experiment was designed for the first-year students so they were provided with free iPods; however, the rest of the senior students were left without such a desired gift. Little did the organizers realize that time, that this became the moving power of the experiment as the rest of the students started finding a way to receive their own free iPod. Every student desiring to have the device was offered to propose one’s own strategy of the use of iPod in class. This became a sensation as to have an iPod the students developed the most interesting conceptions of applying this technological device which supported the idea that destructing attention on numerous tasks is beneficial for the development of the educational process. Inspired by the success of the experiment with the iPod, the professor initiated a new experiment w
Who is to blame for the increase in obesity in U.S. children? Living in the era of computer technologies, television, and video games, U.S. children spend all their lives in front of the monitors instead of going outside. Insufficient physical activities are even worsened by the situation with fast-food proliferation. Fast food restaurants are everywhere and, therefore, children often have easy access to junk food full of cholesterol and saturated fats. About this two-fold influence, it is hard to define the culprits in this situation. On the one hand, obese children are often under the influence of their obese parents who bring down their bad habits to their children. Genetics also plays a significant role in overweight people. On the other hand, the digital space in which children live also contributes to the development of hyperdynamic that also causes serious problems with obesity. Certainly, it is much easier to blame television, fast food companies, and schools for feeding children with unhealthy lunches, even if they still contribute to the percentage of overweight kids. However, parents as consumers should take serious measures to face the problem and accept some share of the blames. In particular, parents’ habits have a potent influence on how children behave and what they eat and it is not restaurants to blame for that. Parents should pay closer attention to children’s education and upbringing to make their kids understand what consequences fast food consumption can have. Under current consumer-protection laws, is fast-food marketing aimed at children misleading? In recent times, there is a growing tendency in advertising and marketing of unhealthy food to children, which is considered to be one of the causes of obesity increased rates. Fast food restaurant owners do not deny this fact, but they do not accept themselves as culprits, admitting that this food consumption is admissible in moderate portions. In my opinion, advertising unhealthy products to children should be abolished because younger generations are much more affected by television ads. They often skip recommendations on a healthy way of life because they are engrossed by more popular commercials. In this regard, fast-food marketing should be oriented on an adult audience that is more aware of the threats of consuming unhealthy food. Furthermore, I believe there should be a balance between junk food and healthful product marketing. Should fast-food restaurants be held legally liable for the health problems associated with their products? While considering the question of product liability, there are two sides to the medal. From one point of view, fast-food restaurants should be partially liable for excessive advertising campaigns. In particular, there should be fewer commercials revealing the benefits of buying junk foods because many people and children, in particular, buy fast food because it is cheap and easier to get. Restaurant owners shoul