ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Psychotherapy is also referred to as personal counseling. It involves a deliberate interpersonal association utilized by skilled psychotherapists to assist a patient who is experiencing problems of living. The purpose of psychotherapy is to heighten the sense of well-being of an individual. Psychotherapists implement several methods grounded on experimental association such as communication, dialogue, and behavior change which are formed to enhance the patient’s mental health or to develop or promote group associations like in a family (Yalom, 1991, p. 3). There are several forms of psychotherapy which include; cognitive, dynamic, interpersonal, existential, humanistic, and behavioral psychotherapies (Yalom, 2001, p. 11). Behavioral therapy utilizes several interventions which are associated with learning theory to change the undesired behavior of a client. Dynamic therapy, grounded on psychoanalysis, focuses on comprehending what some symptoms mean and comprehending the emotional disagreements within the client which might be causing the symptoms. Cognitive therapy uses dissimilar techniques to transcend and recognize dysfunctional cognition, reactions, appraisal, and beliefs to change negative and destructive emotions and disturbing dysfunctional behaviors (Jerome, 1988, p.1). In addition, interpersonal therapy supports all the articulation of the concepts of a client such as dreams, free relationships, and fantasies, from where the psychotherapist develops the status of the unconscious disagreements that leads to the symptoms of the client and character predicaments. Existential therapy is grounded on the existential concept that individuals live by themselves in the globe (Van Deurzen, 1998, p. 12). This separation results in meaninglessness feelings that can be resisted only by forming personal meanings and values in life. On the other hand, mindfulness therapy is evolved in the reaction of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. It focuses on the human perspective of the improvement or advancement of a person which stresses subjective meaning, an interest for constructive development, and a determination refutation rather than pathology (Jerome, 1988, p.2). This paper will critically examine mindfulness and existential psychotherapies. Existential approach Every psychotherapist uses different forms of psychotherapy depending on his or her experiences, methods of handling emotional multifaceted cases, and also depending on the presented cases, his/her personality, requirements, conflicts, and bias. The importance of psychotherapy depends on the association of the physician and the patient or client where the significant strategy is tal
The chosen topic is poverty in the USA. Even though the US is one of the most economically prosperous countries in the world, more than 10 percent of Americans live in poverty (Semega et al., 2020). The issue of poverty was chosen for the discussion because it remains immensely topical. What is more, the economic crisis and mass unemployment caused by the coronavirus outbreak exacerbate the situation and plunge even more people into penury. This topic is directly related to my internship because currently, I am employed at the non-profit organization CAPI USA that implements the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The target population includes experts, social activists, and students because the presentation educates on the issue of poverty and makes the audience think of what could be done to eradicate it. The major problem with poverty in the US is that the number of people living below the poverty threshold is gradually increasing despite the economic growth of the country (Brady and Parolin, 2020). The primary factors that prevent people in need from participating in the related programs include the inconvenient location of services, poor communication of agencies with potential clients, lack of education, and even the absence of reading and writing skills (Wahler and Adhami, 2018). Unfortunately, experts do not expect any significant positive changes in the nearest future. Instead, according to Parolin and Wimer (2020), there is a strong statistical possibility that poverty rates will
Researching smartphone subscription packages is like hunting the proverbial moving target because there are fundamental service factors, core product features, and add-on capabilities to delight a variety of consumer wants. Where the mobile phone telcos are concerned, the fundamentals have to do with cell coverage, radiated signal power, and connection stability. Even the best mobile unit in the universe will steadily lose customers if the carrier plagues subscribers with “dead spots” outdoors (a function of the number of cell sites covering a metropolitan area completely), weak signals that cannot penetrate through building walls and down to basements, and such poor capacity that users experience dropped calls or are unreachable. To an extent, high-gain antennas can offset uneven network coverage. These and other advanced features – large memory capacity, replaceable memory cards, the ability to process and display multi-media files, built-in still/video camera with flash, high-density photoreceptors for improved picture quality, QWERTY keypads, large screens, organizer suites (reminders, alarms, appointment notes, WiFi Internet access, Bluetooth and cable connectivity for transferring files and pictures, “value-added” apps such as those created by third parties for the iPhone/iTouch line, games, etc. – are both boon and bane to buyers. Mobile phone users experience high self-satisfaction at being more equipped for anything that comes along and being able to show off to friends. It is also a bane because development and market introduction cycles for handset users are measured in months, certainly far shorter than the typical subscription lock-in period. By comparison, price is less important than value; the latter can include subscription terms which the mobile service carriers leverage in creative ways. A handy size has plunged to the bottom of subscribers’ criteria lists owing to the trade-off with larger touch-responsive screens and QWERTY keypads. And core functionality – being able to make and accept voice calls and short “text” messages – is not even a consideration anymore because the product category has developed overwhelmingly in favor of consumer delight.
Introduction The book The First World War by John Keegan is a historical book that narrates the situations before, during, and after the First World War. Therefore, this paper is an analysis of the whole book that explores different elements that have been brought out by the author as well as the goal that it aims to achieve. The paper analyses the author by comparing the way he has written the book in relation to other writers who have written books on the same topic. The paper will find out the source of information that the writer has used in the effort to compare the same with what other sources have on the same topic. The paper will further analyze the book by going through its contents in terms of how the writer has presented them to the reader to determine whether he (the writer) accomplished the intended purpose of producing the book. Summary of the Book The book is divided into ten chapters that give a blow-by-blow narrative of the events that were happening then and how they were related to the war. The first chapter of the book gives a narrative of how life in Europe had taken shape based on the events that had shaped it. As Keegan reveals, the chapter provides an overview of leadership in Europe by showing how European countries worked with one another as a precursor to the war 1 . As introduced by the author, the first chapter describes the destruction that happened during the four years of the war. It goes further to compute the numbers of people killed during the war as compared to the Second World War. Keegan states, “The Second World War was five times more destructive of human life and incalculably more costly in material terms” 2 . The book describes how the war was planned, how it was fought, and the different motivational factors that made different countries take different sides. The book explains the pain that Germany, which was the main aggressor in the war, went through to the level of motivating Adolf Hitler to plan for revenge, which happened seventeen years later (Keegan 1998, 3). The book states how the failures of an international court created fault lines that led to cracks between countries to pave way for aggression. Membership to the court was made voluntary, thus taking out the authority that the court could have on non-member states. Keegan finds that the war happened because of a systematic failure of diplomacy in the weeks preceding the war, a factor that could have been handled better (23). According to Keegan (1998), the decision to go to war was a hasty one because of the way the war pronouncement was delivered to the commanding armies (31). The book gives a view of what was happening in different camps during mobilization and during the war. The book gives a picture of situations in the German and French camps, which were the main players in the war. Keegan (1998) explains that the French people had a problem in mobilizing their reserves during the war while Germany was grappling with a mobility problem of its forces (37). The book simply paints the realities on the ground then and the difficult situations the combatants had to
Recruitment and Selection Recruitment and selection is the process of acquiring a proper human resource for a company. Every organization wishes to recruit and select the best candidate for each vacancy. The process of recruitment must be fair, reasonable and consistent. Effective recruitment must follow effective and efficient human resource planning. Recruitment and selection of employees should therefore give equal opportunities to potential and actual applicants, regardless of sex and race, disability or country of origin so long as one has working permit. The process of recruitment selection entails:  1. Job description and specification. Job description is the process of identifying the job title, the job summary, job duties and responsibilities, the relationship with other jobs, the supervision required, the tools and equipments to be used and working conditions of the jobholder. Job specification entails the characteristics of a jobholder like health, strength, body size, attitude, judgment, analytical skills, appearance and emotions, confidence and trust, sex and age. Corporate in the west today are faced with problems of aging workforce and racial discrimination. In order to do away with these problems, proper job description and specification policy should be put in place to attract huge and human resources from Asia and Africa.  1. Advertisement: After job descriptions an organization will be having accrue as per the type of person, they want thus requiring advertisement. Advertisement can be in the business journals, circulating new papers, in the internet and through out sourcing. In the advert the following will detailed clearly job title, duration and the end of the contract, the advertising organization, the department requiring the person, description of the main duties, qualification, skills and experience required, salary to paid and closing date of the advert. It may also contain the country where the job will be.  2. Short listing: – after advertising, the corporate will have start the initial stage of sorting an
Investigative Powers of Agencies In this question, I was asked to identify the investigative powers that agencies have. Depending on the object and importance of the investigation, the three agencies presented in this case have different investigative authority. The EBSA, also known as the Employee Benefits Security Administration, has the authority to investigate, receive, and disclose information that is related to the employee benefits and security to any parties that may be affected by the matter, which is the subject of the investigation. In addition, the EBSA possesses the authority to investigate criminal cases related to employee benefit plans, thus giving DOL the authority of DOJ on case-by-case scenarios. The information presented on the site of DOT Drug and Alcohol Policy compliance has much less investigative power in a way that the employee in question can choose to refuse to undergo the drug testing procedure. The agency cannot force the employee to do so, nor is it in a position to commence any retaliatory actions because of it. Lastly, the OSHA has many investigative authorities over official employers, private and state businesses and enterprises. Under the mandate of ensuring worker protection, they are allowed to conduct surprise investigations of workplaces and facilities in order to ensure the safety of the workers. All investigative authorities that these organizations have are within the parameters of the 4th and the 5th Amendments. However, some might argue that agents such as the EBSA and the OSHA have authorities that can exceed what should be allowed to them by the amendments. For example, OSHA’s surprise investigations can be interpreted as an unreasonable search. If the DOT enforces a drug and alcohol test upon an unwilling subject, it could also be interpreted as forcing a person to testify against himself or herself. In order to prevent the agencies from overstepping their boundaries, more controls should be implemented to ensure that they are operating within their boundaries, as overstepping their authority means breaching the 4th and 5th Amendments of the Constitution. Judicial Power of Agencies Agency procedures are unique to every agency and are fitted to better comply with a particular agency’s requirements towards unsolicited proposals, complaints, demands, and the like. All agencies are encouraged to develop these procedures, so long as they adhere to the procedures required by 1501.2(d), 1502.9(c)(3), 1505.1, 1506.6(e), and 1508.4. Should an agency receive an unsolicited proposal, it has up to 10 working days to review it and either accept it or send it back with an explanation on why it will not be complied with. A Court of Law process, on the other hand, is a proceeding in a lawsuit, be it civil or criminal that describes receiv
Statement of the Problem Lack of career growth is one of the biggest challenges that many employees in public institutions in the United Arab Emirates have to deal with in the society. According to Stillman (2009), many employees always join public institutions with high hopes that they will develop their career. However, this is not always the case, most of these employees find themselves stagnated in the same position for several years. This problem is very common among the employees of lower cadre. For example, a messenger may find himself doing the same job for over 20 years. When such a messenger joined the institution, he or she might have had the feeling that there will be a promotion after a short while. Such an individual might have felt that he would become a supervisor after some time. However, this is not always the case. Such an employee would see new supervisors come and go, but his position, as a messenger may never changes. This is not only demoralizing, but also annoying when someone who has been working diligently for an organization for over 30 years is forced to answer to a young man who has just left college. Most employers cite limited knowledge of some of the junior offers as the main reason why it is difficult for them to grow in their careers. Others cite lack of leadership skills that make it difficult to promote them to junior managerial positions. Regardless of the justification given by these authorities, the truth is that lack of career growth has serious negative impacts to the employees in the public institutions. Unless this issue is addressed through effective policies, the productivity of the employees in the public sector may be lowered. Background and Overview According to the recent survey by Wilson (2007), the government is the single largest employer in the United Arab Emirates. According to the statistics from the ministry of labour, there has been a consistent rise in the number of people employed in the government parastatals in this country. The United Arab Emirates has several ministries and parastatals each employing very many people in different departments. In this study, the researcher will narrow the focus to the emirates Group. According to Betz (2010), the Emirates Group is an aviation company with its headquarters in Garhoud within the city of Dubai. According to Merritt (2013), Emirates Group has 62,000 employees, making it the biggest employer in the Middle East. The government of Dubai owns this company. Founded in 1959 by Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed of Dubai, the Emirates Group has experienced massive growth over the years, and currently, their planes fly to over 130 destinations with a fleet of about 2010 aircrafts (Wilson, 2007). According to Khan (2008), the government of Dubai ha
Nurses should be able to develop the necessary critical skills to develop a deeper awareness of the patient’s main causes of suffering. In order to do that, they can use methods of relation inquiry and decode contextual factors contributing to the patient’s suffering (Younas, 2020). In this case, the person who needs care is Kimiko Fujikawa and partially her husband Robert. While interpreting the case, it is crucial to be aware of the client’s health and contextual circumstances. Kimiko is a 78-year old woman who suffers from osteoarthritis, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thus, it is important to recognize that due to COPD and old age, Kimiko probably often experiences coughing and shortness of breath, which could be worsened by her prior history of smoking regularly. Kimiko is most certainly in a lot of pain since her arthritis is extensive. She does not take pain medication, which means that she is used to pain. However, her recent accident may present a challenge to her mobility as her knee is bruised and swollen now. It is important to find ways for Kimiko to move and avoid stiff muscles with minimal risks of injury and falls. As for the client’s COPD, there could be certain implications of her lying on the cold pavement waiting for the ambulance. Robert is has a number of health conditions as well, which become harder to manage when his wife is partially immobilized due to the accident. He has hypertension and Type 2 diabetes, which means that it is important to alleviate any sources of stress and to ensure that Robert has a proper diet to keep his blood sugar levels low. Lastly, it is crucial to mention that both Kimiko and Robert have a great support system. The lack of socializing and community engagement may be an area of concern for older adults. However, Kimiko and her husband have a network of friends and an older daughter living nearby. Despite that, there is no one to care for them on a regular basis since their daughter has a family of her own, while their other two kids live far away. Reference Younas, A. (2020). Relational inquiry approach for developing deeper awareness of patient suffering. Nursing Ethics, 27 (4), 935–945. Web.
Introduction The status of women in Islam has often been misinterpreted by the Western world, however, one only needs to read the Islamic texts as well as examine the history of women in the Muslim world to understand what the true standing of women is according to Islam. The difference arises when people look at the variety of rules and conventions that are practiced in Muslim countries today, and how these countries treat women when it comes to their legal status and rights, marriage, divorce, education, dress and civil rights. Differences also arise because there exist a number of different scholarly opinions and commentaries on whether these different practical applications are correct or unjust interpretations of Islamic law. Generally, the conservative Muslims believe that Islam does accord a different status and responsibilities for women, where as the more liberal Muslims (some advocates of the Islamic feminism movement) believe that all Muslims are equal, gender notwithstanding, in public as well as private life. The purpose of this paper is to present an accurate view of the status of women in Islam, as proposed by Quranic guidelines, traditions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad and interpreted by Islamic jurisprudence. Status of Women in Islam In Islam a woman, whether she is single or married, is equated to a man in terms of her roles and responsibilities. The Quran says, “Whoever works righteousness, man or woman, and has faith, verily to him will We give a new life that is good and pure, and We will bestow on such their reward according to the their actions. (Qur’an 16:97) Women can earn money, own property, spend her money as she wills, use her marriage dowry as she pleases, and is not required by Islam to take her husband’s name after marriage, rather it is a matter of her own personal choice (Qaradawy, 1992). However, debate arises when some fractions of Islamic society demand complete equality for women when in fact, Islam promotes the principle of complementary roles of men and women, recognizing their logical differences. Islam subjects men and women to the same religious obligations of Prayers five times a day, Fasting in the Islamic month of Ramadan, giving alms to the poor (zakaat) and performing the pilgrimage or Hajj. But, it recognizes the differences between the two genders and in some cases, even provides some leeway for women. For example, when a woman is menstruating, she is exempted from the daily prayers as well as from fasting. She also does not have to fast when she is pregnant or nursing her newborn if by doing so, she will be harming herself or her baby’s health. Prayers missed due to these reasons do not have to be made up for, and she can make up for the missed fasts whenever she is able to. Another example is that while men have to go to the mosque to attend congregational prayers on F