ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Leaders have the role of developing their organization’s operating strategies, mission, vision, and corporate objectives. Management and human resources are guided by their organizations Mission, vision and objectives; their attainment leads to satisfied stakeholders. An effective mission, vision and objectives should be attainable and reflect the needs operation of a company. This paper analyzes Toyota Motor Corporations, United States branch, vision, mission and objectives. Mission statement The company has a mission statement in the United States of America as follows, “To attract and attain customers with high-valued products and services and the most satisfying ownership experience in America”( Toyota Motor Corporation Corporate Website, 2011). The management either in Japan where the head quarters are, or in the United States branch are guided by the mission they want to attain. When one analyzes the mission statement, the company simply illustrates how it wants to add value in Americans life, through its innovative products. The mission has been attained through massive inventive and innovative of models, and involvement in corporate social responsibilities. When the company’s products are not offering quality as expected, the company recalls the products; this is in the efforts of adding more value to the Americans. Vision statement The vision of the company is “To be the most successful and respected car company in America” (Toyota Motor Corporation Corporate Website, 2011). The attainment of the vision will only be realized after the company has set appropriate internal processes that target the American market; the internal processes that the company has implemented are aggressive marketing, innovation, research and development among others. The leadership role in the country and the world in general was attained in 2008, when the company surpassed General Motors’ to be the world largest motor vehicle company by volume production and sales. The largest market for the company’s products is in North America. Objectives The company’s objectives are in five-principle documentation, they are: Kaizen (continuo’s improvement): the company aims at improving its products and internal processes to ensure that they fully satisfy their customers, the recent development is the introduction of electric automobiles. Teamwork: the company has a motivated team, which aims at increasing the efficiency and operations in the company for the benefit of the company. Challenges: the company aims at facing challenges as they come, it is willing to face the situation in the world and probably offer solution. The objective is derived through massive research and development programs implemented. Respect: the company aims at preserving high respect for its intern
This is to bring a matter of great importance to your special notice that I write this. It all started when in the last weekend I was sitting in a coffee shop enjoying my cup of coffee and I heard a man sitting next to me remark: “All religion is about belief in dogma, belief in God, and learning right from wrong.” Ever since I heard this remark from a person, who seemed to me well educated, I was struck by the doubt whether this was the popular conception about religion and traditions of the world. There are so many people who are led by this way of thinking that I am convinced is a wrong notion. This was a time when I was engaged in the reading of the reading of Mary Pat Fisher’s Living Religions , which made me think the other way. There are religions that are based on the belief in dogma and God, and that differentiate right from the wrong. However, applying this to the religions of the world in general would mean an oversimplification of the truth. That means we cannot just generalize this fact in a universal context. According to the several traditions, the religions of the world are interrelated in various ways. They are related to each other in the context of human relationships, relationships with ancestors or with the nature. There are certain underlying realities that cannot be easily recognized but they are experienced by certain people of every culture. The material world gives meaning to reality. The importance of the theme of interrelatedness between the different religions is a major topic for discussion. To begin with, let us understand the belief in dogma and the relation it has with religions. It may be defined as the established doctrine or teaching of a religion, ideology etc considered to be undisputed and authoritative. This is an inevitable element of many religions like Christianity, Islam or Judaism. Though in many religions belief in dogma is of pertinent consideration, as in Christianity where denunciation of dogma is a heresy and can cause an expulsion from the group, it is not true to state that all religion is about dogma. The universality of a religious consciousness depends upon various factors and “the religion is what the individual does with his solitariness. The reason of this connection between universality and solitariness is that universality is a disconnection from immediate surroundings. It is an endeavour to find something permanent and intelligible by which to interpret the confusion of immediate detail.” (Religion and Dogma). Beyond the dogma of the particular religion, there is the universality of the different world religions. There are many types of relatedness between the world religions. World is related through different religions that have emerged in different cultures. If the religions are true it is because each time it is God who has spoken, and if they are
Introduction As revealed by Beck & Davenport (1), attention among organizations is one of the most critical requirements for sustained organizational progress. Specifically, the management of ‘attention’ in organizations has lately become eminent issue among managers, following the currently revolutionizing employment relationships. Notably, this crisis of ‘attention’ in organizations needs immediate attention, since its deficit has been revealed to affect organizational productivity adversely. Harwell (239) explores attention on economic, psychological and technological basis, and reveals how each perspective can be successfully managed. Though ‘attention’ may be described as a scarce commodity; the price of getting it in abundance lies on the management techniques managers employ in their organizations. Particularly, the leadership styles practices in organizations determines the degree of motivation of the employees towards the organizational activities. For instance, transformational leadership style has been revealed as a powerful motivating leadership style among organizations, resulting into high attention of employees to the management (Beck & Davenport 1). As McNutt (659) argues, the employment of “sum-zero rule” by managers in organizations necessitates the limitation of internal programs in order to acquire appropriate attention from the employees. Through restructuring the functional units in organizations, the employees working in these organization units within the organization would be affected in various ways. As a result, management attention among such staff members would be achieved in abundance. Though Davenport & Beck (1) holds on the scarcity of full engagement of employees’ minds by the management, communication strategies employed within the organization are quite influential. Objectives of this Study This study is based on the following objectives:  1. This research will investigate whether there is relationship between the attention managers get from their junior workers, and the leadership styles they portray. By understanding the relationship between leadership styles and attention given to managers by their junior workers, it will be easier to develop strategic framework for effective organizational management in the contemporary society.  2. This research will establish the relationship between the attention managers get from their junior employees, and the overall organizational productivity. It is important to note that, employees’ productivity is largely dependent on their motivation in work, which will culminate to higher attention to the authority. On this basis, this research gears at determining whether productivity is dependent on the level of attention given to managers by their juniors. Research Approaches Since this research involves relationships between managers and the other employees within an org
Globalization has resulted in the relentless upsurge of global trade. The process is a culmination of initiation of novel markets thus allowing importation and exportation to augment. It has equally permitted entities to create centres in other countries. Evidently, corporations are the key supporters and recipients of such a move since they gain entrée into untapped markets. Indeed, the past decade, has seen phenomenal expansion in global business in the service and commodity divisions. The telecommunication commerce has developed tremendously. An example is evident in Vodacom, which is a market leader in the industry. Consequently, it has expanded from its traditional market in Europe and America. This entity has launched its presence in Africa and southern Asia in the last decade. The two markets are lucrative and untapped thus a priority for any entity going global (Manole & Spatareanu, ND). Entry into new economies has presented the management of these entities with new challenges. These challenges have mainly resulted from the expansion in the entity and entry into other economies. A decade ago, most global firms had subsidiaries in few nations. Currently, entities have subsidiaries in multiple countries thus, posing a huge task of managing these entities. Consolidation of record is an enormous task since the mangers have to convert funds from various currencies. In addition, conversion of such funds exposes these entities to exchange rate uncertainties. Therefore, the managers have an obligation to coin plans that will mitigate an entity from such uncertainties. These strategies include hedging, which are intricate to design. Indeed, globalization exposes firms to additional risks. Therefore, current managers have prioritized risk management to curb risks resulting from globalization. Globalization has resulted in changes in the entity hierarchy ensuring representation of subsidiary in the parent entity (Manole & Spatareanu, ND). In yester years, foreign entities preferred to employ expatriates. In its overseas subsidiaries, Vodacom has employed the residents of that nation rather than expatriates. The varying regulations in nations have warranted these nations to employ professional from those who have experiences in the country’s system. Corporate responsibility and ethics is an aspect of management that has developed enormously due
Introduction Marital satisfaction is a vital indicator of the quality of intimate relationships. It is a set of subjective assessments of one partner correlated with his/her needs and expectations towards the other. The Marital Satisfaction Inventory or the MSI is a data collection method in the form of a questionnaire. It is a specially designed list of questions is used as a means of collecting information from a respondent. According to Balderrama-Durbin, “carefully constructed measures of relationship distress are critical for research, diagnosis, and clinical decision making” (2015, p. 7). The MSI is an instrument to consider the relationship between partners, identify roots of marital conflicts, and evaluate tension level of family distress. The questionnaire method allows a researcher to study large social groups in a cost-effective manner. Anonymity and simplicity (respondents’ personalities are not recorded; only their answers are taken into account) are key features of the method. The MSI questionnaire can be used wherever there is a need for a rapid assessment of marital satisfaction. The instrument can be applied to research in the field of family psychology. A marriage counselor can also use it during a meeting with a couple. Moreover, one can benefit from it while working with a divorced couple in registry offices and courts. The MSI questionnaire is often used to diagnose the crisis of the marital subsystem at any stage of the family’s life cycle. Creation of the Tool The Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI) and The Marital Satisfaction Inventory-Revised (MSI-R) were developed by Snyder in the second part of the 20s century (Balderrama-Durbin et al., 2015). The MSI-R questionnaire was published later than the MSI questionnaire, and it reduced the number of categories comparing to the original version. Corresponding to the MSI, the MSI-R is larger and applies more representative samples for validation. It consists of more than 10 profile scales: Inconsistency, Conventionalization, Global Distress, Affective Communication, Problem-Solving Communication, Aggression, Time Together, and Disagreement about Finances. Moreover, there are scales, such as Sexual Dissatisfaction, Role Orientation, Family History of Distress, Dissatisfaction with Children, Conflict over Child Rearing and Conflict with In-Laws (Lou et al., 2016). Implementation of the MSI-R The MSI-R is available as a paper form or computer-based assessment. It is 150 true or false questions and can be implemented to individuals or groups. It is completed by the individuals taking the test and requires about 25 minutes to complete; is self-scoring (Lou et al., 2016). Target Population Predominantly, the questionnaire is intended to be given to couples experiencing marital conflict and discord. Moreover, it is used primarily in couples relationship counseling and as a part of family therapy. The MSI-R ques
Most workers in the United States are vulnerable to the uncertainties of the economy because of the kind of jobs available for them in the job market. The most recent survey has shown that millions of Americans are not satisfied by the state of the economy (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009). There is therefore a great need to deal with the current situation and simultaneously craft strategies aimed at a sustainable economic prosperity among the majority Americans. The macrocosmic effect of the United States economic failure can be felt all over the world because the US dollar remains the world measure of currency value (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009). This is to mean that if there are Americans who are living with poverty then they are an ignored section of vulnerable workers who constitute a greater population of the United States. The question remains as to whether this problem can be addressed and the answer is yes. Economic situation of such people can be improved by securing and improving American jobs. In the United States and in Excelsior’s home in particular the most important propellers of the economy are those people who do menial jobs such as cleaning the office, operating the machines et cetera (Graham, 2001). These are usually referred to as subordinate staff and are at a greater risk of being laid off or being subjected to improper work conditions (Graham, 2001). The best way to get these people off the hook of poverty and vulnerability is to address the challenges they face such as job security and this should be done by improving the jobs themselves. To start with, strategies such as creating public–private partnership, having new institutional arrangements and pilot projects will ensure that vulnerable workers have greater economic stability. Policy innovation is another strategy which should be used to secure and improve jobs so that legislation is enacted to have programs and regulations in place that foster workers’ job security as well as distribute responsibility and risk (Graham, 2001). This will also ensure that vulnerable workers have access to quality jobs and healthcare, secure sustainable income and provide adequate and predictable income after retirement. When this is done people will not have to be dependants after they retire from their unsecured jobs. Both Policy innovation and institutional arrangements should be deployed in a way that ensure vulnerable workers get access to effective, efficient and innovative systems to ensure economic security against adverse medical and financial events, in their working life and after retirement (Graham, 2001). In my constituency therefore what is required is to implement these strategies by supporting organisations that have greater transparency and accountability in policy issues affecting vulnerable workers. There should be support for efforts that foster resilience that sees lo
Introduction Women’s roles in the society have been evolving as time progresses. In the late 19th century, many nations had imbalanced demographics with respect to social structures. More women dominated the structures in relation to men. In the words of Rhoda Nunn, “…there are a half a million more women than men in this unhappy country…so many odd women” (Gissing 44). However, in the modern society, this perception changed with women acquiring strategic roles in society. The primary objective of this paper is to bring into perspective a theory prescribing how gender is mapped onto life in an attempt to find out whether people performed gender in a somewhat free way or whether they are subject to the rules of gender. An effort is also made to track the changes of the roles of women in the social fabric in the Victorian era by considering The Odd Women by George Gissing written in 1893. How the roles of women manifested themselves in the post Victorian era is considered through the book The Women in Love of David Lawrence. Evolving Views of Gender Roles How Gender is mapped onto Life The question of how gender has evolved attracts large scholarly research, which is often open to criticism. However, literal ideas such as those postulated John Stuart and other writers of the Victorian era to early 20th century (1893-1920) reveal that, apart from being conceived, gender could indeed be performed. In the gender trouble, Butler consolidates such ideas by discussing the manner in which gender can be done, or put differently “the ways in which masculine ties and feminism are acted out” (Deirdre 121). In the essay, Butler maintains that gender is neither inherent in the body nor static. It is a matter of performance. In this sense, the performance of gender influences the outward side of an individual. In The Odd Women , women who did not have men to pair up with them were termed by pessimists as “useless, lost futile lives” (Gissing 44). This belief constructed their perception in the world hence determining their gender performance. Social relations between male and female sex in the Mill world influenced such performance. Social spheres in The Old Women , tantamount to Butler’s argument, construct the concept of differences between genders. Therefore, the physical body is not a determinant of gender. Rather, it is an imitation of the ideal. Butler approaches the concept of gender by deconstructing naturalness of various categories of sex coupled with gender via conducting a genealogy. In the genealogy, she evidences that the categories of gender are not naturally constructed: they evolve. Besides, they are brought into the limelight via specific power formations. Based on Butler’s argument, gender
A quality mission statement communicates an organization’s unique purpose. It proclaims its goals, target population, and the foundations that underpin its actions. The mission of the PHA Strategy is to promote partnerships between Palestine’s Ministry of Health (MoH) and stakeholders in order to improve the effectiveness of medical care services. The mission also indicates what the strategy intends to achieve, which include the promotion of health governance, regulation, and policy formulation. In terms of scope, the PHA Strategy intends to improve the accessibility of quality health care services to people living in occupied Palestinian Territories (oPTs). Nevertheless, the mission statement does not indicate the fundamental premises or rationales for its strategic actions. It only indicates that it will promote accessibility, regulation, and governance within the health sector through partnerships, but does not indicate why that is necessary. The strategy’s vision statement aptly describes the MoH’s future scope in terms of health care provision. It states that the ministry will create a care system that deals with health issues affecting Palestinians. It provides a clear roadmap that would guide the players in the health sector in developing ‘an integrated health system’ in Palestine. However, the strategic vision gives no clear rationale why the ministry should pursue this long-term direction. As grounds for implementing the strategy, the MoH should indicate whether the path would improve the health outcomes of Palestinians. A statement of values guides an organization in pursuing its strategic vision. The MoH’s value statement describes pertinent principles and practices that would lead to improved health care delivery and accessibility in the oPTs. The four values address various aspects of Palestine’s public health that are compatible with the MoH’s vision statement. However, the statement of values is rather weak because it does not define the vulnerable groups, the nature of health care services, or the health promotion interventions needed in the oPTs. This will make it difficult to entrench these values into the ministry’s operating practices. The Scope, Relevance, and Effectiveness of the ‘Road Map’ The roadmap for the development of the Palestinian 2011-2013 health strategy comprised of three phases: the current state (2009), the future (envisioned) position (2010), and the ways of achieving it. Phase 1 took place between March and July 2009 and it involved five action areas. These included a conference organized by the MoH, a review of Palestinian health articles published in the Lancet, an appraisal of relevant data, an assessment of MoH’s progress and achievements, and the creation of a database of all donors and stakeholders. Stakeholders from “NGOs, academia, the private sector, and unions” (PNA 2010, Para. 8) attended the MoH conference while the literature review involved academic articles reporting studies (WHO) conducted in Palestine and the UK. On the other hand, the review of relevant medical data and donor enumeration involved local implementers and MoH internal staff under the auspices of the He