ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
ASAS J174406+2446.8 was originally found as a $\delta$ Scuti-type pulsating star with the period P=0.189068 $days$ by ASAS survey. However, the LAMOST stellar parameters reveal that it is far beyond the red edge of pulsational instability strip on the $\log g-T$ diagram of $\delta$ Scuti pulsating stars. To understand the physical properties of the variable star, we observed it by the 1.0-m Cassegrain reflecting telescope at Yunnan Observatories. Multi-color light curves in B, V, R$_{c}$ and I$_{c}$ bands were obtained and are analyzed by using the W-D program. It is found that this variable star is a shallow-contact binary with an EB-type light curve and an orbital period of 0.3781\,days rather than a $\delta$ Scuti star. It is a W-subtype contact binary with a mass ratio of $1.135(\pm0.019)$ and a fill-out factor of $10.4(\pm5.6)\,\%$. The situation of ASAS J174406+2446.8 resembles those of other EB-type marginal-contact binaries such as UU Lyn, II Per and GW Tau. All of them are at a key evolutionary phase from a semi-detached configuration to a contact system predicted by the thermal relaxation oscillation theory. The linear ephemeris was corrected by using 303 new determined times of light minimum. It is detected that the O - C curve shows a sinusoidal variationthat could be explained by the light-travel-time effect via the presence of a cool red dwarf. The present investigation reveals that some of the $\delta$ Scuti-type stars beyond the red edge of pulsating instability strip on the $\log g-T$ diagram are misclassified eclipsing binaries. To understand their structures and evolutionary states, more studies are required in the future.
We introduce a method based on Bezout's theorem on intersection points of two projective plane curves, for determining the nonlinearity of some classes of quadratic functions on $\mathbb{F}_{2^{2m}}$. Among those are the functions of Taniguchi 2019, Carlet 2011, and Zhou and Pott 2013, all of which are APN under certain conditions. This approach helps to understand why the majority of the functions in those classes have solely bent and semibent components, which in the case of APN functions is called the classical spectrum. More precisely, we show that all Taniguchi functions have the classical spectrum independent from being APN. We determine the nonlinearity of all functions belonging to Carlet's class and to the class of Zhou and Pott, which also confirms with comparatively simple proofs earlier results on the Walsh spectrum of APN-functions in these classes. Using the Hasse-Weil bound, we show that some simple sufficient conditions for the APN-ness of the Zhou-Pott functions, which are given in the original paper, are also necessary.
We investigate the mixing rate of a Markov chain where a combination of long distance edges and non-reversibility is introduced: as a first step, we focus here on the following graphs: starting from the cycle graph, we select random nodes and add all edges connecting them. We prove a square factor improvement of the mixing rate compared to the reversible version of the Markov chain.
We determine the frequency dependence of four independent CdWO$_4$ Cartesian dielectric function tensor elements by generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry within mid-infrared and far-infrared spectral regions. Single crystal surfaces cut under different angles from a bulk crystal, (010) and (001), are investigated. From the spectral dependencies of the dielectric function tensor and its inverse we determine all long wavelength active transverse and longitudinal optic phonon modes with $A_u$ and $B_u$ symmetry as well as their eigenvectors within the monoclinic lattice. We thereby demonstrate that such information can be obtained completely without physical model line shape analysis in materials with monoclinic symmetry. We then augment the effect of lattice anharmonicity onto our recently described dielectric function tensor model approach for materials with monoclinic and triclinic crystal symmetries [Phys. Rev. B, 125209 (2016)], and we obtain excellent match between all measured and modeled dielectric function tensor elements. All phonon mode frequency and broadening parameters are determined in our model approach. We also perform density functional theory phonon mode calculations, and we compare our results obtained from theory, from direct dielectric function tensor analysis, and from model lineshape analysis, and we find excellent agreement between all approaches. We also discuss and present static and above reststrahlen spectral range dielectric constants. Our data for CdWO$_4$ are in excellent agreement with a recently proposed generalization of the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for materials with low crystal symmetry [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 215502 (2016)].
Various models of structure formation can account for various aspects of the galaxy formation process on different scales, as well as for various observational features of structures. Thus, the investigation of galaxies orientation constitute a standard test of galaxies formation scenarios since observed variations in angular momentum represent fundamental constraints for any model of galaxy formation. We have improved the method of analysis of the alignment of galaxies in clusters. Now, the method allowed analysis both position angles of galaxy major axes and two angles describing the spatial orientation of galaxies. The distributions of analyzed angles were tested for isotropy by applying different statistical tests. For sample of analyzed clusters we have computed the mean values of analyzed statistics, checking whether they are the same as expected ones in the case of random distribution of analyzed angles. The detailed discussion of this method has been performed. We have shown how to proceed in many particular cases in order to improve the statistical reasoning when analyzing the distribution of the angles in the observational data. Separately, we have compared these new results with those obtained from numerical simulations. We show the powerful of our method on the example of galaxy orientation analysis in 247 Abell rich galaxy clusters. We have found that the orientations of galaxies in analyzed clusters are not random. It means that we genuinely confirmed an existence of the alignment of galaxies in rich Abells' galaxy clusters. This result is independent from the clusters of Bautz-Morgan types.
We show that the full symbol of the Dirichlet to Neumann map of the k-form Laplace's equation on a Riemannian manifold (of dimension greater than 2) with boundary determines the full Taylor series, at the boundary, of the metric. This extends the result of Lee and Uhlmann for the case $k=0$. The proof avoids the computation of the full symbol by using the calculus of pseudo-differential operators parametrized by a boundary normal coordinate and recursively calculating the principal symbol of the difference of boundary operators.
An entanglement witness approach to quantum coherent state key distribution and a system for its practical implementation are described. In this approach, eavesdropping can be detected by a change in sign of either of two witness functions, an entanglement witness S or an eavesdropping witness W. The effects of loss and eavesdropping on system operation are evaluated as a function of distance. Although the eavesdropping witness W does not directly witness entanglement for the system, its behavior remains related to that of the true entanglement witness S. Furthermore, W is easier to implement experimentally than S. W crosses the axis at a finite distance, in a manner reminiscent of entanglement sudden death. The distance at which this occurs changes measurably when an eavesdropper is present. The distance dependance of the two witnesses due to amplitude reduction and due to increased variance resulting from both ordinary propagation losses and possible eavesdropping activity is provided. Finally, the information content and secure key rate of a continuous variable protocol using this witness approach are given.
An exactly solvable sp(4) algebraic approach extends beyond the traditional isospin conserving nuclear interaction to bring forward effects of isospin symmetry breaking and isospin mixing resulting from a two-body nuclear interaction that includes proton-neutron (pn) and like-particle isovector pairing correlations plus significant isoscalar pn interactions. The model yields an estimate for the extent to which isobaric analog 0+ states in light and medium mass nuclei may mix with one another and reveals possible, but still extremely weak, non-analog beta-decay transitions.
Within a global physical theory, a notion of locality allows us to find and justify information-processing primitives, like non-signalling between distant agents. Here we propose exploring the opposite direction: to take agents as the basic building blocks through which we test a physical theory, and recover operational notions of locality from signalling conditions. First we introduce an operational model for the effective state spaces of individual agents, as well as the range of their actions. We then formulate natural secrecy conditions between agents and identify the aspects of locality relevant for signalling. We discuss the possibility of taking commutation of transformations as a primitive of physical theories, as well as applications to quantum theory and generalized probability frameworks. This "it from bit" approach establishes an operational connection between local action and local observations, and gives a global interpretation to concepts like discarding a subsystem or composing local functions.
We examine discrete gauge symmetries in axionic extensions of the SSM which provide a solution of the $\mu$-problem. Automatic-PQ symmetry and proton stability are shown to be guaranteed by certain discrete symmetries. Focusing on the L-violating discrete symmetries we discuss two sources of neutrino masses and their relevance for the solar neutrino problem.
Kepler observations of the star HD 187091 (KID 8112039, hereafter KOI-54) revealed a remarkable light curve exhibiting sharp periodic brightening events every 41.8 days with a superimposed set of oscillations forming a beating pattern in phase with the brightenings. Spectroscopic observations revealed that this is a binary star with a highly eccentric orbit, e=0.83. We are able to match the Kepler light curve and radial velocities with a nearly face-on (i=5.5 degree) binary star model in which the brightening events are caused by tidal distortion and irradiation of nearly identical A stars during their close periastron passage. The two dominant oscillations in the light curve, responsible for the beating pattern, have frequencies that are the 91st and 90th harmonic of the orbital frequency. The power spectrum of the light curve, after removing the binary star brightening component, reveals a large number of pulsations, 30 of which have a signal-to-noise ratio > 7. Nearly all of these pulsations have frequencies that are either integer multiples of the orbital frequency or are tidally-split multiples of the orbital frequency. This pattern of frequencies unambiguously establishes the pulsations as resonances between the dynamic tides at periastron and the free oscillation modes of one of the stars. KOI-54 is only the 4th star to show such a phenomenon, and is by far the richest in terms of excited modes.
Generalizing the classical theorems of Max Noether and Petri, we describe generators and relations for the canonical ring of a stacky curve, including an explicit Gr\"obner basis. We work in a general algebro-geometric context and treat log canonical and spin canonical rings as well. As an application, we give an explicit presentation for graded rings of modular forms arising from finite-area quotients of the upper half-plane by Fuchsian groups.
A prominent parameter in the context of network analysis, originally proposed by Watts and Strogatz (Collective dynamics of `small-world' networks, Nature 393 (1998) 440-442), is the clustering coefficient of a graph $G$. It is defined as the arithmetic mean of the clustering coefficients of its vertices, where the clustering coefficient of a vertex $u$ of $G$ is the relative density $m(G[N_G(u)])/{d_G(u)\choose 2}$ of its neighborhood if $d_G(u)$ is at least $2$, and $0$ otherwise. It is unknown which graphs maximize the clustering coefficient among all connected graphs of given order and size.   We determine the maximum clustering coefficients among all connected regular graphs of a given order, as well as among all connected subcubic graphs of a given order. In both cases, we characterize all extremal graphs. Furthermore, we determine the maximum increase of the clustering coefficient caused by adding a single edge.
Due to the separation between the spin and the orbital screening scales, the normal state of Hund's metals at ambient temperature can be loosely characterized as a partially coherent state with fluctuating spins and quenched orbital moments. With the aim to characterize this situation more precisely, we investigate the Kondo-Kanamori impurity model that describes the low-energy local physics of three-orbital Hund's metals occupied by two or four electrons. Within this model one can diminish the mixed spin-orbital terms and thereby enhance the separation between the two screening scales, allowing a more precise investigation of the intermediate state. Using the numerical renormalization group we calculate the impurity entropy as well as the temperature and frequency dependence of the spin and the orbital susceptibilities. We uncover a non-Fermi-liquid two-channel overscreened SU(3) fixed point that controls the behavior in the intermediate regime. We discuss its fingerprints in the frequency dependence of local orbital susceptibility and the shape of the spectral function.
Cavity-mediated two-qubit gates, for example between solid-state spins, are attractive for quantum network applications. We propose three schemes to implement a controlled phase-flip gate mediated by a cavity. The main advantage of all these schemes is the possibility to perform them using a cavity with high cooperativity, but not in the strong coupling regime. We calculate the fidelity of each scheme in detail, taking into account the most important realistic imperfections, and compare them to highlight the optimal conditions for each scheme. Using these results, we discuss which quantum system characteristics might favor one scheme over another.
In this work we define a unified generating functions for 9 different kinds of set partitions including cyclically ordered set partitions. Such generating function depends on 4 parameters. We consider property of this function and provide combinatorial explanation for polynomials generated by this function. Two new combinatorial statistics are defined and the explicit formulae given for coefficients of parametrized polynomials defined by the generating function.
In this work we studied a two dimensional ferromagnetic system using Monte Carlo simulations. Our model includes exchange and dipolar interactions, a cubic anisotropy term, and uniaxial out-of-plane and in-plane ones. According to the set of parameters chosen, the model including uniaxial out-of-plane anisotropy has a ground-state which consists of a canted state with stripes of opposite out-of-plane magnetization. When the cubic anisotropy is introduced zigzag patterns appear in the stripes at fields close to the remanence. An analysis of the anisotropy terms of the model shows that this configuration is related to specific values of the ratio between the cubic and the effective uniaxial anisotropy. The mechanism behind this effect is related to particular features of the anisotropy's energy landscape, since a global minima transition as a function of the applied field is required in the anisotropy terms. This new mechanism for zigzags formation could be present in monocrystal ferromagnetic thin films in a given range of thicknesses.
In this paper, we study the propagation of cosmic-ray nuclei and protons. We emphasize the influence of the source composition on the expected spectrum and composition on Earth as well as on the phenomenology of the transition from Galactic to extragalactic cosmic-rays and the interpretation of the ankle. We point out that the different source composition models cannot be distinguished on the sole basis of the cosmic-ray spectrum but that the the energy evolution of $<X_{\max}>$ should remove this degeneracy. Finally, we compare the predictions for the different source composition models with the available data and discuss the implications of our results.
In this paper, it is shown that if F(x , y) is an irreducible binary form with integral coefficients and degree $n \geq 3$, then provided that the absolute value of the discriminant of F is large enough, the equation |F(x , y)| = 1 has at most 11n-2 solutions in integers x and y. We will also establish some sharper bounds when more restrictions are assumed. These upper bounds are derived by combining methods from classical analysis and geometry of numbers. The theory of linear forms in logarithms plays an essential role in studying the geometry of our Diophantine equations.
In this work we develop a simple protocol to construct interior solutions through Gravitational Decoupling by the Minimal Geometric Deformation extended satisfying the vanishing complexity condition. The method is illustrated by using Tolman VII and Tolman IV solutions as isotropic seeds.
Contrary to the conventional empirical law, band gap of dilute nitride semiconductors decreases with nitrogen concentration.   In spite of a number of investigations, origin of this "large band gap bowing", is still under debate. In order to elucidate this phenomenon, we investigate change of band edge energies of GaN$_x$As$_{1-x}$ due to nitrogen by using the perturbation theory. It is found that energy shift of conduction band edge is arising from mixing between $\Gamma$- and L-states and/or $\Gamma$- and X-states induced by displacement of Ga atoms around N. We also found that the valence band edge state shows upward shift in spite of negative potential of nitrogen. These results are well understood from character of the wavefunctions and symmetry of the perturbation potential.
Recently, style transfer is a research area that attracts a lot of attention, which transfers the style of an image onto a content target. Extensive research on style transfer has aimed at speeding up processing or generating high-quality stylized images. Most approaches only produce an output from a content and style image pair, while a few others use complex architectures and can only produce a certain number of outputs. In this paper, we propose a simple method for representing style features in many ways called Deep Feature Rotation (DFR), while not only producing diverse outputs but also still achieving effective stylization compared to more complex methods. Our approach is representative of the many ways of augmentation for intermediate feature embedding without consuming too much computational expense. We also analyze our method by visualizing output in different rotation weights. Our code is available at https://github.com/sonnguyen129/deep-feature-rotation.
A quantum computer has now solved a specialized problem believed to be intractable for supercomputers, suggesting that quantum processors may soon outperform supercomputers on scientifically important problems. But flaws in each quantum processor limit its capability by causing errors in quantum programs, and it is currently difficult to predict what programs a particular processor can successfully run. We introduce techniques that can efficiently test the capabilities of any programmable quantum computer, and we apply them to twelve processors. Our experiments show that current hardware suffers complex errors that cause structured programs to fail up to an order of magnitude earlier - as measured by program size - than disordered ones. As a result, standard error metrics inferred from random disordered program behavior do not accurately predict performance of useful programs. Our methods provide efficient, reliable, and scalable benchmarks that can be targeted to predict quantum computer performance on real-world problems.
Broken symmetry states characterizing density waves of higher angular momentum in correlated electronic systems are intriguing objects. In the scheme of characterization by angular momentum, conventional charge and spin density waves correspond to zero angular momentum. Here we explore a class of exotic density wave states that have topological properties observed in recently discovered topological insulators. These rich topological density wave states deserve closer attention in not only high temperature superconductors but in other correlated electron states, as in heavy fermions, of which an explicit example will be discussed.The state discussed has non-trivial charge $2e$ skyrmionic spin texture. These skyrmions can condense into a charged superfluid. Alternately, they can fractionalize into merons and anti-merons. The fractionalized particles that are confined in skyrmions in the insulating phase, can emerge at a deconfined quantum critical point, which separates the insulating and the superconducting phases. These fractional particles form a two-component spin-singlet chiral $(d_{x^2-y^2}\pm id_{xy})$ wave superconducting state that breaks time reversal symmetry. Possible connections of this exotic order to the superconducting state in the heavy-fermion material URu$_2$Si$_2$ are suggested. The direct evidence of such a chiral superconducting state is polar Kerr effect that was observed recently.
Fast radio bursts are bright, unresolved and short flashes of radio emission originating from outside the Milky Way. The origin of these mysterious outbursts is unknown, but their high luminosity and short duration has prompted much speculation. The discovery that FRB 121102 repeats has enabled multiwavelength follow up, which has identified the host galaxy. VERITAS has observed the location of FRB 121102, including coincident observations with Arecibo. We present the results of a search for steady very high energy gamma-ray emission and the methodology for searching for short timescale, transient optical and very high energy gamma-ray emission.
In this paper, we explore the connections between the Minimal Model Program and the theory of Berkovich spaces. Let $k$ be a field of characteristic zero and let $X$ be a smooth and proper $k((t))$-variety with semi-ample canonical divisor. We prove that the essential skeleton of $X$ coincides with the skeleton of any minimal $dlt$-model and that it is a strong deformation retract of the Berkovich analytification of $X$. As an application, we show that the essential skeleton of a Calabi-Yau variety over $k((t))$ is a pseudo-manifold.
In this paper we study the decoherence processes of the semiclassical branches of an accelerated universe due to their interaction with a scalar field with given mass. We use a third quantization formalism to analyze the decoherence between two branches of a parent universe caused by their interaction with the vaccum fluctuations of the space-time, and with other parent unverses in a multiverse scenario.
Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common, yet preventable chronic disease in children under the age of 6. Treatments on severe ECC are extremely expensive and unaffordable for socioeconomically disadvantaged families. The identification of ECC in an early stage usually requires expertise in the field, and hence is often ignored by parents. Therefore, early prevention strategies and easy-to-adopt diagnosis techniques are desired. In this study, we propose a multistage deep learning-based system for cavity detection. We create a dataset containing RGB oral images labeled manually by dental practitioners. We then investigate the effectiveness of different deep learning models on the dataset. Furthermore, we integrate the deep learning system into an easy-to-use mobile application that can diagnose ECC from an early stage and provide real-time results to untrained users.