ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Democratic governance is based on legitimacy, order, stability, accountability, and transparency. It mainly involves promoting durable governance; this includes introducing of politics participation, a stable society, and freedom of media. In addition, democratic governance promotes the involvement of women and other minority groups in government levels and in society levels as well. Democratic governance also involves working hard to ensure that children’s rights and human rights are in place and followed to the later. A state that practices democratic governance establishes policies that are sustainable beyond government changes, which are capable of resolving any conflicts within the state in an orderly and legal manner. These policies should be imposed in the right manner and are capable of fighting corruption and dictatorship; indeed, in a democratic state, criticism should not be shunned by the government (Frank, 1992). Most countries globally try to exercise democratic governance especially to curb poverty. Some of the non-governmental organizations that contribute to the democratic governance include the United Nations development programme, which promotes participation, and effectiveness in member countries. Such organizations assist countries to improve on their justice levels and the public administration. However, “good governance should be democratic in both an institutional and social sense; it should also include individual liberties, human rights, economic progress, and social justice” (Carty, n.d, pp 2). The presence of United States military in Iraq, Libya, and Afghanistan represent a democratic future, since these troops promote peace and harmony in the three countries. It is through the peaceful environment that the United States government is able to promote governance in such countries, thus helping the country to recover by promoting peace, reviving the country’s economy, as well as creating a democratic government. According to Morgan (2011), “united states is fighting three wars, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya, while struggling under huge budget deficit and national debt.” The United States proves to be a main player in the promotion of democratic governance in countries where conflict dictatorship and war is involved. In this case, the US has used millions of dollars in order to sustain the troops based in Iraq; this has however met critics from the US citizen, who argue that such money should be invested in their country for development purposes, rather than in the war hit countries. For instance, the United States is spending almost $550 for the military operations in Libya alone, which is a large sum of cash that could be utilized to other major issues of development in the US. However, the United States president noted that, if the US military was to overthrow the current Libyan president, Gadaffi, by force, this would only mean that the military lives would be endangered, which should not be the case. The Afghanistan military operatio
Introduction An unprecedented growth rates in annual vehicle production has transformed China into the world’s second largest auto market and the third largest car maker after Japan and the US, a ranking previously assigned to Germany. From a mere sector of the machinery industry before the transition from a centrally planned economy to an open market, China’s automotive industry grew in rapid fashion soon after the country’s accession into the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001. The general projection is that China’s auto industry will continue its upward trajectory of growth until 2015. These expectations are based primarily on the burgeoning purchasing power of the 1.3 billion Chinese, whose per capita income has increased six-fold from only $1,000 in 1991 to $7,600 in 2006 and still counting. The trends speak for themselves: From 2001 to 2005, car consumption rose 54.42 percent from 2001 to 2005. In 2006, a total of 7.189 million vehicles were manufactured in China, by which time all the world’s major car makers have established their presence in this nascent auto market. At end-November 2006, the registered automotive enterprises in China reached 6,322, many of which have foreign participation. Their combined output for that year was valued at $143 billion. However, not all foreign automakers are making money in their China venture. Of 500,000 firms with foreign investment in various industries, Chung (2007) reported that some 55 percent reported losses in the period 2001-2004. This suggests that nearly half of foreign-invested businesses in China are actually losing money for reasons ranging from the difference in business culture and inconsistent policies to protectionism, higher transportation costs and geographic distance. Still, foreign automakers continue to make a beeline at China’s doorstep. In 2001, for example, whilst seven new firms entered the China market, several more were also announcing their plans to do the same (Gao, 2004). This paper examines the factors that make China attractive to foreign car makers, why some foreign auto firms prosper and why others fail in the complex and perceptibly high-risk China market. The end goal is to formulate a road map that suggests what factors should China-bound foreign auto makers take into account and what pitfalls to avoid. For this purpose, a case study of a relatively successful foreign-invested auto firm in China will be chronicled based on the secondary method of research. Section 2 delineates the methodology used for the research, which takes the form of the causal and descriptive types of research and relies heavily on the secondary data collection method. The Literature Review comprising Section 3 depicts the Cinderella story of China’s car industry, highlighting the important roles played by economic reform, technology transfer, WTO accession and foreign direct investment in this phenomenal growth. The chapter also discusses the problems confronting the foreign auto makers in China, their future prospects, the strategies they used and can be used by other like-minded foreign firms in entering the market. Section
Outline  1. Introduction.  2. Main Body  3. Principles defining each character.  4. Implementation of the traditional ethical thinking skills.  5. Utilization of the ethical triangle.  6. Conclusion. The ethical approaches need to be combined for the purpose of more effective decision-making in public administration. The elements of the ethical triangle may be used as filters for ethical analysis of the situations and appropriate decision making. Kent Chartwell, Marion Meriwether and Winston Battle in case 2 Paul’s scenario are examples of Peter, Mary and Paul schemes of human behavior. Only combining the three traditional ethical approaches (virtue, principle and consequences) and acting in accordance to the ethics triangle, the mayor could achieve the greatest good for the greater number. Interacting with Marion Meriwether and Winston Battle, Mayor Chartwell had to deal with specialists possessing Mary and Paul charts of competence. Thus, being competent, enthusiastic and creative but not promoted, Marion is an example of Mary scheme of professional behavior. Actually, she retrains, knows all the angles of the sphere, generates brilliant ideas, and does all the work, but her contribution seems to remain unnoticed because she is offered to be an assistant or co-director but not to take the lead. Winston Battle is an example of Paul competence chart. On the one hand, this employee lacks creativity and enthusiasm. On the other hand, he is reluctant to work on the project and seems to be tired and over burnt. It is possible that he has performed well in the past but he is absolutely useless, running the summer recreational program. The virtue, principles and consequences
Lamprell Company is the one that deals with building constructions for offshore and onshore gas and oil industry. The company plays important role in the Arabian Gulf region for 30 years already. To understand whether the recent company’s evolution was a part of strategic planning or it was due to some unpredictable circumstances, the Lamprell Company’s strategic goals along with the history of development during three previous years are going to be considered. Before dwelling upon the company’s evolution for the latest years, it is significant to understand the company’s driving forces. It should be noted that the company has always been driven by the customers’ desires. Being founded 30 years ago, the company was first specialized in jack-up rig constructions for the offshore marine industry. But, examining the market and the demand, the company decided to create new projects, such as the fabrication of calm buoys and mag anchors. The development of the company was also forced by the situation on the market and customer’s needs ( Lamprell plc ). Taking the last three years of the company development, it is crucial to mention that Lamprell Company expanded its business, having occupied the territories of Thailand. Such actions were dictated by the customers’ demands, which required the company operations in the region with refurbished jack-up rigs. The widespread of the company business was driven by the modern buoyant conditions on the gas and oil market. Furthermore, the opening of the Hamriyah facility that took place in 2007 and resulted in a capacity increase was also the reason for Lamprell Company’s evolution ( Lamprell plc ). The main strategic goals of the company are based on the principal markets the company operates in, namely jack-up rigs and liftboats constructions, FPSO, drilling units and other offshore and onshore oil and gas structures, and offering of oilfield engineering services. Creating new constructions, inventing new ideas in the offshore and onshore oil and gas structures, the company evolves according to its strategic planning. Thus, the planned construction of the “harsh environment special-purpose self-propelled four-legged jackup liftboat” ( Lamprell plc ) made it possible for the company to deliver them in March 2009. Next, the signed contract for the “Scorpion S116E jack-up drilling rigs” ( Lamprell plc ) delivery in 2009 also helps expand the company’s business and promote its evolutional development. The nearest company’s plans already function as the drivers for its further evolution, like the signing of the contract for the Riginvest GP S116E jack-up drilling rig delivery in 2010. The proofs for the planned strategic development of the company may be provided by offering information on the latest investment projects. Thus, having the “Be
The benefits and cost of use Alibaba.com Benefits                                                                                                                                Cost                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Several manufacturers’ bids on a customer order placed online, as well as a wide range of customers’ products offered by many sellers.  Premium charged to use a site like Alibaba online.                                                              Manufacture of products designed by the company based in different locations by posting the design in business-to-business sites.       Cost of posting the design on the sites. This may include the time which the post stays on the company’s sites. Direct interaction between buyers and sellers through online sites eliminates brokerage and intermediaries.                             Membership cost for using the site levied on both, the buyer and seller.                                        Buyers make a price comparison of the same products, but different manufacturers.                                                       Cost may include the charges for numerous visits to the business-to-business site in use.                        Comparison analysis Grieve company’s goal is to create industrial heat processing equipment and sell it to customers. The export strategy relies on the existing untapped global market. Locating customers, informing them on product features and shipping sends a challenge to Grieves’s global business. The sale of finished products includes several relevant steps of realizing returns on investment. Using business-to-business sites is a good way of presenting information on new products, and it becomes easy to circulate it online for potential buyers to view. Interested customers place their orders using the same sites. Besides, the company does not need to have many regional offices since customer interaction is through the site. Shipment service providers locate manufacturers such as Grieve on the same online trade sites. The company has the opportunity to compare the prices of the competitors using posts placed on the sites. Pricing information is vital to any competitive market. The cost of doing business reduces significantly. Grieve company only needs to be a member of any of the online trade sites by paying the required premiums. Finally, Grieve stands to benefit from a growing market that would be difficult without the sites that make it easier to l
Introduction Analyzing and developing a relevant diagnostic process is crucial for any organization (Janićijević, 2010). This essay provided the definition of the diagnostic process and descriptions and analysis of the importance of the diagnostic process in the organization’s development and sustainability. Definition of the Diagnostic Process The purpose of the diagnostic process is to evaluate the current condition of the organization, discover the problems’ origins, collect and analyze the information related to the situation in the organization (Brown, 2011). Establishing and proving the relevancy of the selected ways to solve the problem are also the goals of the phenomenon. Moreover, organizational change is essential since it can increase the company’s efficiency (Janićijević, 2010). There are several aspects, which are critical while conducting the diagnosis. Firstly, it has to be simple, visible, and address the most important factors, which are vital for further strategy development. Furthermore, the estimation and the implementation have to be urgently made (Brown, 2011). All the factors described above present the main aspects, which form the definition of the diagnostic process. Information analysis and interpretation It can be said, that the diagnostic process is complex. It consists of multiple stages, which tend to repeat: information collection, determination of the key issues, interpretation of results, and introduction of possible solutions and actions (Brown, 2011). Gathering information is the first stage in the diagnostic process. Firstly, the preliminary analysis of data collection is displayed; this stage helps to identify the strategic objectives of the information process. Secondly, the essential variables are identified, and the data collection procedure specifies superior sources of information (Brown, 2011). After that, the origin of the matter defines the information acquiring technique. Secondary and primary sources of data are used. After the information collection and definition of the primary factors, the next stage is the information analysis. It has to be mentioned, “Cost-effective data collection is an important methodological issue for small and medium enterprise (SME) researchers” (Newby, Watson, & Woodliff, 2003, p.163). Consequently, there are some specific characteristics, which define the data’s effectiveness: validity, time consumption to col
Introduction Disabled students face difficulties in coping with their peers. Issues that face disabled students include learning disabilities, among others. Teachers need to help students to adjust to classroom settings. In addition, teachers should offer the necessary help to disabled students. It should be noted that students with disabilities require different learning activities to succeed. I carried out fieldwork in two schools. The two schools I visited were Needham high school and Newman elementary school. This paper will provide observation of the fieldwork. Classroom setting Needham school is located opposite Needham Memorial Park. The school is readily accessible to teachers and students due to its centrality in the town. Needham school has around 1400 students in high school. The school boasts of eight counselors who assist both students and parents in addressing various academic/personal issues. I was concerned with k-11 students since it was an inclusive class. The classroom set up for k-11 students was the traditional classroom, which allowed students to see their teacher as he wrote on the chalkboard. Furthermore, the classroom setup for k-2 at Newman elementary school was also a traditional classroom although this could be changed depending on class activities. Students with disabilities observed Both schools had inclusive classrooms in which special students could be assisted. The teachers were convivial to me. Moreover, I was pleased with the school environment. At Needham high school, I noticed one student called Joseph Phelps. Phelps was a k-11 student with a learning disability. Specifically, the student found it difficult to take notes because of listening problems. Phelps would listen selectively to information provided during normal class lessons. This affected his note-taking ability. At Newman elementary school, I noted a student called Megan Hunt in an inclusive k-2 classroom. Megan was 8 years old but physically disabled. Specifically, Megan suffered paralysis at the young age of five. Since then, Megan has been in a wheelchair. This affected Megan’s ability to move freely as before. However, Megan was joyful the day I visited; he gave me a big smile as I entered the classroom. Content information taught and learning activities utilized in the classroom Joseph’s class was to be taught mathematics when I entered the classroom while Megan’s class was to be taught science. Specifically, Joseph’s class was being taught statistics. The teacher began by asking questions, which engaged students on what they knew about statistics. Surprisingly, Joseph was one of the students who gave an idea of statistics in the class.
Introduction Public opinion has the power to influence a vast variety of decisions that governments make, especially when it comes to issues that affect citizens directly. Health care policies can change depending on the nature of public opinion since matters of health have always been a concern for the majority of citizens. Ranging from high prices on prescription and over-the-counter drugs to policies regarding abortions, the public has always been invested in communicating their opinions to the government. In their study on whether public opinions have a role in influencing the diffusion of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), Pancheco and Maltby evaluated several components of policy feedback to determine how citizens communicate their opinions to both local and federal health care agencies (309). The researchers found that policy feedback mechanisms were crucial in influencing officials’ decisions; for instance, gubernatorial announcements regarding the ACA led to the public becoming more aware of the possible changes in policy and therefore encouraged feedback. It is also important to mention that opinion-learning mechanisms were also found to promote the sharing of public opinion by means of providing signals to elected officials whether decisions of health care policies within states were viable. Since it has been shown that public opinions played a significant role in shaping health care policies, it is essential to point out that some states could emulate the decisions made by other states that have identical environments for shaping policies when deciding on what changes should be incorporated in their healthcare systems. Analysis According to the recent Kaiser Health Tracking Poll of January 2018, health care was found at the top of the problems that voters wanted their elected officials to discuss, with 39% Democrats, 32% independent voters, and 13% Republicans giving feedback; (Kirzinger et al.). These statistics show that public opinions are interested in influencing further health policy decisions, especially in the context of the upcoming midterm elections. The poll showed that the U.S. public was favorable in their opinions about the potential of the ACA, with 50% of respondents indicating that they would support the policy (Kirzinger et al.). Attitudes toward ACA are essential to recognize because, in 2017, Republicans made an attempt in repealing the Act but failed to do so due to the inefficient support from the public (Cunningham). In the context of discussing how public opinions could influence health care policy decisions, one should recognize that differences in political views of citizens play a significant role. For instance, Republican voters were the most opposed to increasing spending on welfare and entitlement programs (58% and 51% respectively) compared to independents (30% and 25%) and Democrats (11% for both programs) (Ki