ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction For a long period of time, chemical dependency counseling is regarded as one of the most difficult still rewarding jobs in the world (Perkinson, 2002). It helps to overcome the challenges of addiction on various drugs like cocaine or heroin that may ruin human lives within several days. The point is that those people who suffer from chemical addiction are not always ready to cope with anxiety, passion, and weaknesses caused by the required cessation of using drugs, and the main task of a chemical dependency counsellor is not only to treat and help to overcome numerous challenges but also support and explain clearly why it is important to prevent any kind of addiction to drugs. In this paper, several hints on how a chemical dependency counsellor should deal with different ethical situations like evaluation of false conclusions or attention to personal intuition will be offered taking into consideration the responsibilities set by society and the principles defined by the NAADAC Code of Ethics. Body Addiction counsellors play an important role in the life of a person who suffers from chemical dependency and have a number of responsibilities to their patients, employers, other professional counsellors, and the chosen field of work. This is why it is very important to take the right steps from the very beginning and be confident in the chosen activities and ideas. Ethical behaviour of an addiction counsellor seems to be a significant area of medical and psychological practice (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2008), and there are some special guidelines which should be followed. In case the ethical situation takes place, it is crucially important for a counsellor to do everything possible to solve misunderstandings soon and try to calm down the patient within the shortest period of time. The following ideas should be rather helpful:  1. Analysis of patient’s needs ( a professional counsellor should recognize the patient’s needs of different nature: emotional, psychological, or even physical and be ready to overcome the difficulties which are caused by addiction);  2. Attention to human rights (the position taken by a counsellor should not create some boundaries, and a patient should feel comfortable during the conversations and be eager to share personal troubles, doubts, and ideas);  3. Awareness of the patient about the methods and purposes of the activities chosen for treatment: addiction is a disease (Levin et al., 2001), and the patient should understand why some measures are taken and how they may influence human life, this is why it is necessary for a counsellor to explain why some activity takes place and what is expected;  4. Evaluation of the mistake to make conclusions regarding the events which took place in the past (some counsellors find it appropriate to make some fast decisions taking in account the activities made by a patient in the past, still, it is not quite right, and it is nec
Introduction Intersectionality is not a new phenomenon. It existed at the beginning of the world. Different types of intersectionality that exist in the world are based on gender, country, religion, color, financial status, education, culture, etc. This essay deals with the intersectionality of oppression or discrimination based on sexual orientation and Latino. One of the major reasons for the intersectionality is lack of awareness. Latino is an example of this. Here the intersectionality oppression means oppression based on religion, sex, disability, etc. Paradigm Intersectionality means the social and cultural discrimination existing in society against women. Intersectionality theory mentioned, “an interdisciplinary perspective that addresses the multiple, intersecting, system of oppression especially experienced by women of color.” (Ann Hill, 2005, p.4). Intersectionality oppression cannot exist independently. It works in a connected form of various discriminations existing in society. So, its intensity cannot be predefined. It varies based on the circumstances. Some types of Intersectionality are given below: Race intersectionality Race intersectionality means discrimination towards women based on their race. For example, in Australia race discrimination is commonly seen against women who have a non-English speaking background. Vietnamese women working in the Australian postal service face this problem at its highest level. Their supervisors harass these ladies by calling them “wog bitch.” (O’Neill, Rice & Douglas, 2004, p.483). In this circumstance, Vietnamese women are physically and mentally oppressed. Its benefit goes to the male employees. They feel superiority against these ladies. Class intersectionality Class intersectionality means discrimination based on the class of the people. This kind of discrimination is faced by the ladies who have low wages, poverty, etc. In the twentieth century, a different kind of slavery was introduced in the United States. It is a type of class discrimination. It mainly occurred in the garment industry. There the employees worked in the unhealthy worksite and they got wages which were less than minimum wages. (Ursula Hart, 2002, p.33). Here the people who got low wages were oppressed by the owners or management. They were considered slaves. Generally, a slave does not have any right to question his boss. Gender intersectionality Gender intersectionality means the inequity based on the gender of a person. Gender discrimination towards women is widespread all over the world. It is commonly seen in the workplace. One example of gender discrimination is men employees and women employees get a different rate for the same job in many industries and business sectors. It pushes back the oppresse
Figure 1. Claude Monet’s “Water Lilies” Claude Monet’s “Water Lilies” can be acclaimed as one of outstanding works by this ingenuous painter. The painting uses a wide range of bright, saturated and complementary colours. This use of colour harmony can be described as one of the most notorious and indicative works by impressionists. The Range of Colour Speaking about the range of colour which can be seen in this painting, it should be said that it is rather varied and features basic colours such as blue as the main colour for the picture used as background, red, and yellow in the upper right along with numerous colour tinctures including white, green, brown and black. Diagram 1: RGB Primary Colors Diagram 2: RGB Tertiary Colors Diagram 3: Pantone Colour System Category and Attributes of Colour There exist four categories of colour including conventional colour, substance colour, spectral profile colour and profile colour (Green-Armytage, 2006). Analysing this painting, it should be stated that Monet resorts to the use of conventional colours. For example, blue is conventional for water, red for flowers and so on. Speaking about substance colour in this painting, the three main notions should be addressed including the painting’s hue, saturation and tone. In this painting Monet resorts to the use of natural hues, strong saturation and bright tones. Type of Colour Contrast Chevreul (1839) was adherent to the idea that colour harmony has a strong tendency to be connected to colour contrast and colour compatibility. His theories also affected Monet’s way of thinking. Thus, Monet applies highly compliment colour in this painting. According to Chevreul’s theory, the painting may be characterised as using complement colours; however the theories by the other specialists suggest different points of view on this matter. Still, the majority of specialists state that such colours as blue and yellow which can be seen in this painting are to be considered as contrasting (Itten 1961, 1963). Gestalt Theories of Perception According to Gestalt theory, the main perception factors which are the most important for visual perception are colour, line, contour, contrast, tone and texture. Each individual’s visual perception is affected by apprehension of individual stimuli which are also known as perceptual factors along with individual’s imaginary. People have a tendency to think over any particular object until they will be able to identify it to something familiar within this particular object. Judging on this factor, the painting can be evaluated as having easily noticed objects as lilies and water along with the rest ones such as the sky reflecting in the water. Perceptual Effects Perceptual effects are rather many. They often occur in the most diversified settings and bearings. People have a tendency to be affected mainly by colour and colour contrast. Depending on the context and the objectives of their work painters resort to the use of the most varied perceptual effects. In this painting Monet seems to have an objectiv
Handwriting identification relies on the principle that there are individual characteristics that distinguish a person’s handwriting from that of another person. There are no two people in the world, who have the same handwriting just like fingerprints. Handwriting identification is based on the following concepts. One, there are no two people who have the same writing manner. Two although a person’s handwriting varies, there is habitual features that appear in his or her handwriting and lastly the characteristics that are used to identify each persons’ handwriting vary to a lesser extent than the same characteristics in samples written by other people (Saferstein, 2010). The differences in handwritings have made handwriting identification important in the modern world. Handwriting identification is a comparison study that tries to establish the writing in question was done by a specific person through comparison with other texts or samples. In handwriting identification the aspect of variation in handwriting that are considered include; size of the letters, consistency or lack of it while writing, proximity of the letters to the base line, pressure applied while writing, alignment, and the writing instrument used (Mansikki, 2003). How a forensic document examiner analyzes evidence from a photocopier, fax machine, printer, and typewriter The application of various sciences in law is referred to as forensic science. Forensic document examination is the application of allied sciences and analytical techniques to investigate documents. The examination of documents involves analysis and comparison of photocopies, handwriting, typewriting, printing, inks, and other materials in order to establish originality of the materials and detect any alterations. Forensic document examiners may be asked to determine the machine or equipment that was use to produce a document. They may also be asked to establish the specific printer, photocopier, fax, or typewriter that was used to make the document. When examining documents written by a typewriter an examiner tries to look at several things. One, different typewriters are known to cut letters differently. The examiner may also look at the date on the paper and see if it is consistent with the age of the ribbon used in the typewriter. Faxed documents are reduced slightly in size and the line quality is bad. In older models, the faxed document diagonal lines have jagged edges. When a forensic document examiner is investigating these documents, it is important to look at the original document to make comparisons and detect any alterations made. It is also important to look at the TTI (Transmit Terminal Identification) and the RTI (Receiving Terminal Identifier) to see if the document that are in question are authentic (Koppenhaver, 2007). Photocopiers leaves trash marks on the copies mad
While these two papers try to report responsibly, there can be no doubt from the editorials that both papers are strongly Democratic when politics are concerned, and they are strong supporters of Barack Obama. The editorial in The Olympian even says this in the headline of the editorial for October 19, 2008: Obama is the best agent of change (2008). By contrast, the Tribune is more subtle, or at least less blatant with one article about a new proposed change Bush wants to get in before he leaves office: Bush administration bent on getting last licks in (2008) and an article about Sarah Palen’s wardrobe paid for by the campaign: Palin: Just dressing up for the Lower 48 (2008), both published on October 24 th . Even the content in the Tribune articles was more “soft-pedaled” than the obviously biased opinion of the Olympian. Now, I actually have nothing against biased editorials, since they are supposed to be opinions, but they should get their facts right, and these two papers have not been as careful as I would like. Even editorials should not leave out information that substantially changes the content. First, let us look at the very pro-Obama editorial in the Olympian on October 19 th . It is fairly well written and very persuasive, which is surely its intention. However, for every positive comment for Obama, there are 2 negative comments about McCain for every positive comment on Obama. In addition to this kind of slanting, a positively racist phrase is paraphrased throughout the editorial: Malcolm Xs “Burn, Baby, Burn. That is stopping to every level the editor accuses McCain of doing, which is adding wrong to a wrong, and that does not make a right. There is an inaccuracy concerning Sarah Palen being shy of the media. She is anything but shy. Perhaps the campaign made her hide after she put her foot in the Republican mouth a few times. It is true that she is less articulate than Joe Biden, but she is not totally without talent. However, she is from Alaska, and the not always friendly competition between Washington State and Alaska is a historical fact, so it would be expected that Washington editors would not favor her. My last criticism of this editorial is that there are no links to stories about the various issues and events etc. mentioned in the editorial. Are the editors afraid of confusing the readers with too much information? Surely they do not think their readership is that stupid. The sources are not mentioned or referenced, as is common for editorials. However, links to the news stories about the many points made here would actually improve this editorial’s chances of making a real impact. The editorial is successful in its bid to support Obama and it is very persuasive. It is too bad that there are some flaws that possibly do more harm than good. I would answer them: Sing, Baby, sing, but please stay on key and don’t change the lyrics. The two political editorials in the Tribune on October 25 th (2008) are much more subtle and less blatantly biased. It is obvious to the reader that the paper support Obama and, probably leans heavily Democratic. However, the artic
In management, the strategy is considered as a long-term qualitatively defined direction of development of the organization. It concerns the scope, means, and form of its activities, the system of relationships within the organization, as well as the position of the organization to the environment, leading the organization to its goals. The strategy is a set of rules that guide the organization in making management decisions to ensure the implementation of the mission and the achievement of the economic goals of the organization (Haines, 2018). The purposes of the organization should determine what the organization seeks, and what it wants to get as a result of its activities. So the strategy should answer the question of how by what actions the organization will be able to achieve its goals in a changing and competitive environment. Each firm, developing an individual strategy or group of policies, seeks to organize its activities in such a way that the effectiveness of all internal processes was the highest. To determine the approach of the organization and to carry out this strategy into practice, management must have a deep understanding not only about the internal environment of the organization, its potential, and trends. It is also essential to know the external environment, tendencies of its development and the place occupied in it by the organization (Wheelen, Hunger, Hoffman, & Bamford, 2015). At the same time, the external environment is studied by strategic management primarily to reveal the threats and opportunities that the organization must take into account when determining its goals and achieving them. The Isengard Company is a developer of an iron ore deposit with reserves of 170 million cubic feet. Regarding development of the mineral resource base, the district occupies one of the leading places in the state. Of the total number of explored mineral deposits, 43% are involved in industrial development (13 deposits of 5 types of minerals are being developed). The volume of production of building materials in recent years began to increase, so it is planned to resume production of silver, the deposit of manganese is prepared for industrial development. Deposits of sand and gravel material and peat are not developed. The developed field in this region is not the only one; it forces the company to develop a competitive strategy, comparing itself with competitors in this field of activity. The whole range of products of Isengard fully complies with international quality standards and has the necessary documents confirming the legality and quality of field development by our specialists. Highly qualified staff, high-quality material, competitive prices – all this ensures stable operation and development prospects of company. It is planned to produce other types of building materials in the future. The organizational structure includes the distribution of the primary functions of the enterprise, phases of the management process, areas of responsibility
Introduction: Where the Anthropology Comes to the Forth Despite the widespread viewpoint, anthropology concerns not only the issues of the long-gone events, the annals of the history that are no longer interesting for the modern humankind, the given science offers a plethora of modern and topical ideas for discussion. Dealing with a number of things connected with the realities of the XXI century, anthropology is one of the sciences that will help the humankind develop into a complex and integrated society, avoiding the misconceptions that have already been registered in the course of the history. Being the “study of humankind everywhere throughout time” (p. 3), as Haviland, Prince, Walrath & McBride (2010) defined it, anthropology allows to combine the past and the future into a single entity. Anthropology as a Means to Succeed: The Major Career Goals When thinking of the career goals and the future professional life, one has to keep in mind the transience of life and the fact that there is very little time for the speculations concerning the career and career goals. According to Briller & Goldmacher (2008), “The truth is that time passes very quickly for all of us and you do not adequately document your thinking about career issues over time, you may well wish that you had done so” (p. 30). Hence, t
Introduction Otitis occurs when the ear is inflamed (Nair & Peate, 2015, p. 157). When this inflammation affects the middle ear, then it is termed as otitis media, which is classified either as acute otitis media, or otitis media with effusion. Diagnosis and management of otitis media are continually undergoing reassessment due to contentious issues that are always emerging. Currently, there is the escalating concern of antibiotic resistance. In addition, there is increased understanding of the inflammation of the tympanic membrane among healthcare workers. This paper will focus on the current protocol for diagnosing and managing otitis media, and how culture prevails as an influential factor. Epidemiology Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is the most diagnosed pediatric bacterial illness in the United States. More than 12.8 million children below the age of 12 years suffer from otitis media on an annual basis. The three main causing bacteria are Streptococcus pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenza. Boys, more than girls, are affected by AOM. Pathophysiology The onset of bacterial AOM is 3 to 7 days after the presentation of a viral respiratory infection (Bope, Kellerman & Rakel, 2011). Invasion of the middle earpiece occurs when fluid and pathogens move upward from the nasopharyngeal area. The pathophysiology of acute otitis media involves damage to the Eustachian tube (ET) due to anatomic, genetic, and immune system factors. The ET connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear space. The horizontal anatomy of the ET makes it difficult to drain the fluid. Subsequently, pathogens also find their way into the ET, where they multiply and damage the mucosa. The high prevalence of otitis media among children is due to an immature ET, as well as an immature immune system (Rosen, 2012). During this time, patients experience acute fevers and pain. Perforation of the tympanic membrane results due to increased pressure, and when this happens, the condition changes to otitis media with effusion associated with little pain and it may resolve on its own. Diagnosis Diagnosis of AOM is very important to distinguish it from otitis media with effusion. A careful and thorough assessment of the tympanic membrane mobility diagnoses AOM (Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk & Wilson, 2014). Affirmation of a diagnosis occurs when upon inspection, purulent discolored effusion is observable. In addition, there is a membrane that is bulging, opacified, or reddened (Perry et al., 2014, p. 1206). In addition, there is an acute onset of ear pain that has prevailed for not more than 48 hours (Perry et al., 2014). Influence of Culture The peak of acute ear infections, which precedes otitis media, is prior to the age of 2 years, and during school entry. According t