ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Tox Town is a customized website that provides educative information on common toxic substances within the environment. This online portal provides information on different types of toxic substances that are found in various geographical locations or how people might come into contact with those toxic compounds. I conducted a tour on the Tox Town website to find out whether there are health concerns in the school environment. This paper provides a summary of what I learned during that tour. Main body Under the ‘schools’ section, there was a detailed explanation of possible toxins that can be found within the school environment. According to the information on Tox Town, over 100 million people are comprised of teachers, students, and non-teaching staff who spend up to ten months in the school environment (Tox Town, 2014). In the school environment, there are both open and closed spaces, which can be sources of health hazards. In addition, poor ventilation in schools can be a source of respiratory problems. School occupants can develop allergic reactions to mold and moisture or school maintenance reagents. Dust prevalence, as well as, pest leftovers are other causes of respiratory problems. In addition, some schools are more prone to exposure to certain chemicals than others (Tox Town, 2014). For instance, Radon is present in high quantities in some regions of the country. Radon has been categorized as a potential carcinogen. On top of that, school occupants are likely to be exposed to diesel fumes if they spend most of their time close to school bus parking areas. A closer look at Redon suggests that some schools are at a higher risk than others to fall prey to the health effects of this toxin. Schools in the following regions are likely to be affected: Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Colorado, Kansas, Iowa, Chicago, Indiana, Ohio, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and New York. According to the information on Tox Town, Radon gas stems from radioactive decay. Scientists have discovered that this gas can remain underground for years. This gas can diffuse from the ground into the air or water (MP, 2014). Although it is tasteless, odorless, and colorless, radon gas is exceptionally toxic. Modes of exposure to this gas include air and water. Exposure to high quantities of this gas leads to the development of lung cancer (MP, 2014). Apart from Radon, the other health hazards discussed earlier can be found in any other school environment. Tox Town (2014) provides links to other reliable sources that give a detailed explanation of the toxins under evaluation. Concernin
I completely agree with what O-Prof said in the article, “Walk, Talk, Cook, and Eat:” “It depends on the meaning you want to make, which is why it’s so important to figure out the purpose of your paper and who will read it.” Such a statement was made while responding to the query on the best sources for a paper. Fundamentally, the process of writing a paper requires a critical synthesis of the subject matter as studied by other scholars. In this context, O-Prof highlights some of the key aspects of effective mechanisms for developing scientific manuscripts in all areas of study. To understand the importance of such procedures, one needs to be in close contact with nature and understand personal subject interests while organizing the new content for readers and various audiences. From the article, multiple qualities of credibility in writing are highlighted. Contextually, considering one’s perceived receiver of the message should help choose a language and the kind of data to use in designing the document. Many researchers and writers seemingly fail to establish a clear nexus between their sources and the prevailing topic while striving to make known their narrative. Concurrently, credibility in writing should be the priority in everyone’s piece. The presentation should focus not on the author’s point of interest but on the readers’ capability to effectively understand and decode the message. Seemingly, this concept seems to marry the scientific qualities of a good research paper, including validity, credibility, and authenticity in the field of study. Waikato Law Library video, “The CRAAP test song,” provides an interesting way of mastering the art of research. From the story, the five letters in CRAAP each represent an aspect of writing which is crucial in every field. I learned that the currency of any material is essential, and the time factor is paramount. Likewise,
The environmental safety pointers Hospitals discharge basic services needed by the population. Therefore, the design of hospitals should be checked to ensure that all environmentally acceptable standards are followed. This strategy protects the people using hospital facilities. This will also be critical in protecting both the internal and external environment of the hospital. Crowding is a very sensitive issue in hospitals and thus should be given much attention by the hospital administration. Overcrowding in hospitals poses numerous challenges to people in the hospital. In this case, both the hospital staffs and patients become vulnerable. In addition, the maintenance of hospital hygiene has become quite challenging. This scenario happens because most hospitals operate beyond capacity. In such cases, the cleanliness of the institution is compromised. The risk of an outbreak of diseases related to cleanliness becomes eminent. In most cases, overcrowding is considered to be an environmental hazard in the institution as it exacerbates the manageable risks to unmanageable levels. The hospital has to be spacious enough, and the population of people using the facilities should be controlled. The capacity of the hospital has to be maintained at certain levels, which are tolerable to avoid further exposure to health hazards. The management of the hospital should control the number of people using the facilities to avoid overcrowding. Additionally, the hospital has to establish and implement a policy that will assist in monitoring and controlling the flow of people within the hospital. This policy has to include the standards of maintaining a manageable number of patients in the hospital wards to give ample time and a serene environment to the hospital staff. In addition, the policy should introduce plans to create emergency medical centers. This would help to check and maintain the hygienic and safety standards within the hospital. Fire safety standards in a hospital Safety measures are very important, especially for an institution associated with a vulnerable or weak population, such as hospitals. This is because such a population is already exposed to environmental hazards like diseases, and any further incidences may totally harm the population. In addition, hospitals install expensive facilities, which are costly to purchase. Therefore, cases of fire accidents can cause huge damage to h
The increasing popularity of the Internet has offered companies the perfect platform to submit surveys to a broad audience. Traditionally, companies have used surveys to collect demographic and social data, as well as to obtain some advantageous clues on the potential of a new product (Online Survey, n.d.). As correctly highlighted in the discussion, online surveys offer a series of unquestioned advantages, including ease of data collection, low costs, and extreme design flexibility. This paper aims at providing some useful hints on the quality of the data, and on a topical and delicate issue, namely the data protection and their use in scientific research. Among the downsides of online surveys, the quality of the retrieved data has often been questioned, as, in most cases, honesty and accuracy are not a priority of the participants (Cibelli, 2017). They may cheat for several reasons, to protect their privacy in a drug abuse surveys, or to consciously influence the outcomes of a political questionnaire. More simply, online surveys are often seen as tedious and useless, affecting the behavior of the respondents negatively. An innovative solution to make the surveys more attractive consists in gamification, a technique which has proved successful in increasing the quality of the data, especially when young people are involved (Harms, Biegler, Wimmer, Kappel, & Grechenig, 2015). The large amount of data collected in online surveys suggests further readings on how sensible data should be protected and handled in some specific case. For example, online surveys conducted in biomedical research require a dynamic consent from the respondents in order to make the data available to broader scientific research (Kaye et al., 2015). In such cases, protection, privacy, and availability of the data should be integrated into a scheme that suits the requirements of both participants and researchers. Online surveys are largely used both for commercial and scientific purposes, offering a vast array of advantages. However, the quality of the data is not always verifiable, and different design approaches are suggested to make online surveys more attractive and effective. Also, these design approaches should take into consideration a careful and flexible use the data, especially in scientific research.
Introduction Modern historians identify four key factors that changed the worldview in the first millennium BC and contributed to the emergence of the early empires, Neo-Assyrian and Persian. These are “climate change, migrations, new technologies, and administrative innovations” (Pollard et al., 2019, p. 157). It is noteworthy that researchers often combine the first two related forces into one historical event called the Late Bronze Age collapse. Climate Change The first contributing phenomenon that triggered the entire subsequent chain of events was climate change. According to Pollard et al. (2019), “beginning around 1200 BCE, another prolonged period of drought gripped Afro-Eurasia” (p. 157). It led to dryness of the soil and a decrease in water resources in many areas of Afro-Eurasia. As a result, many regions of Egypt, the Hittite Kingdom, Mycenaean Greece, Shang China, and the states of Central and East Asia experienced food shortages and famines (Pollard et al., 2019). These disasters significantly affected the relationship between rulers and governors. Migration Large-scale and perennial drought has forced many people to leave their homes searching for food, water, and better living conditions. Large-scale domestic migrations took place in the former ancient states during this period. However, the main migration flows came from outside, namely from the Mediterranean, Central, East, and Northwest Asia (Pollard et al., 2019). It is necessary to clarify that it was an invasion rather than a migration. Pollard et al. (2019) note that “invaders … assaulted the urban centers and territorial kingdoms of mainland Greece, Crete, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and East Asia, causing the collapse of many of these once-powerful states” (p. 160). Climate change and external invasion led to numerous upheavals in many of the former states of Mesopotamia. Together, these factors allowed the early empires to rise and prosper. New Technologies After a long period of climate catastrophes and social disasters, the time has come to restore civilizations and invent new technologies. The historical period after the Bronze Age is called the Iron one because people began to use iron agricultural tools and weapons widely. It is made possible by “innovations in metalworking” (Pollard et al., 2019, p. 161). Moreover, people domesticated camels and invented seagoing vessels. Administrative Innovations All of the new technologies mentioned above allowed early empires to build long-distant trade routes, greatly expand their territorial influence, and establish strong control over the conquered lands. New societies also bring new policies; the Neo-Assyrians were the first to apply mass deportations and tributes (Pollard et al., 2019). Neo-Assyrians were also pioneers in public road construction; they built the road infrastructure throughout their empire. The Persian Empire, built by the tribes of nomads from Central Asia, was less violent and had a different administrative model that contributed to the balance of power between the metropolis and the regions (Pollard et al., 2019). It is noteworthy that the Persian rulers often borrowed effective manage
Outline This research proposal on the subject of customer needs and obligations related to Sainsbury Plc. As an advisor in the managerial field, through this report, I intend to put forth suggestions and advice on how the organization could undertake research to better understand the customer needs, rights and responsibilities. This report clearly defines the organization and its services and products. What has been aimed at here is to provide advice on the adoptable research methods for identifying the rights and responsibilities of customers and providing recommendations on strategy or method to research on customer needs. The strategic importance of the research together with the relevance of the suggested research method is also included in this report. Introduction The topic of customer needs and responsibilities is of immense importance in the business field. In order to make accurate decisions about the business strategies and policies for attaining customer satisfaction, business firms have to identify the views and perceptions of the customers. This report deals with the research on identifying the customer needs and responsibilities. The organization on which the report is focused is Sainsbury. Sainsbury’s supermarket group is a competent player in the U K supermarket industry. In order to attain market growth with sustained profitability, it needs to change its attitude towards the customers. For this purpose identification of the needs and responsibilities of customers is essential for the organization. Organization Sainsbury occupies the third largest position in the retail marketing industry. Sainsbury has the mission of providing quality branded food and non-food products through its self-servicing supermarket system. Customer satisfaction is ensured by the group by providing quality branded consumer products at a lower rate. Sainsbury is required to adopt changes in its attitude towards the customers by suitably amending the business policy and strategy to ensure growth in the market share with profitability under the present business and industrial conditions. Sainsbury aims to achieve a favorable position in the market with its quality branded products and attractive customer services. Supermarkets are designed to supply a range of consumer products at the most competitive rates. Research methods There are many methods by which a study can be conducted to gather primary data. If the population that has to be studied is quite small it can be included in its entirety. In most cases, only a sample of the population is taken for study. “Usually, the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to survey all of its members. A small, but carefully chosen sample can be used to represent the population. The sample reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.” ( Sampling methods 2009). There are many types of sampling that can be used in a study namely random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified (and random) sampling, convenience sampling, judgment sampling, and quota sampling. The method used in this study with regard to a survey of
In Canada, just like most of the other Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member states, income inequality has been on the rising trend in the previous decades. Coupled with the rising income, inequality is the ineffectiveness of the tax-transfer system. This is attributable to both competitions experienced internationally that eventually drive down the upper-income tax rates and the decentralization of revenue collection to the province (Broadway, 2013 p.1). Several measures have been enacted to address the issues of income inequality in the tax system, including the changes in the treatment of capital income, changes in unemployment and the structure of the labor market, and finally, the implications of the changes in the provincial social protection programs. All the above have helped in reducing the automatic responsiveness of the tax-transfer system to income-shock as witnessed in both the top and bottom income distribution (Broadways, 2013 p.1). There have been several changes in the income tax system most of which have been the middle and upper-income classes selectively. Among others are the retirement saving incentives, education savings incentives, and targeted tax credits. It is therefore important to note that well-developed labor market policies and institutions are in a better position to lower the rate of inequality. In fact, a relatively raised minimum wage narrows the division of labor income. The rules of the game that reinforce the trade unions also have a propensity to reduce inequality resulting from the labor earnings by bringing forth a more standardized income distribution method. Income inequality can also be reduced through confirmed job security through the slighter wage distribution (OECD, 2012, p.182-183). Tax and transfer systems contribute much to the overall lowering of income inequality in most of the OECD member states, and three-quarters of this reduction is attributable to the transfers (OECD, 2012, p.182-183). Of the other taxes, personal income tax appears to be progressive in nature as compared to the property tax, consumption taxes, and charity, which appear to be more regressive. Therefore, the progressive nature of these taxes can be improved by reducing the tax expenditure targeting the high-income groups. It is worth noting that tax does not only have an impact on the distribution of income but also has effects on the GDP per capita of any country by influencing both productivity and labor use (Johansson et al, 2008). It is therefore clear that a comprehensive tax reform stands a chance of acceptance by both the rights and the leftist, but this is only possible if both the business community and the
Innovation Process The central idea behind the sale and rental of e-bikes in the UAE is the creation of a product that is openly manifesting its benefits for the end-user while at the same time implying the overall value for the local community and the population in general. Simply put, it would be necessary to communicate the advantages of the product in such a way that the customers would understand how much better an e-bike is for them than the nearest alternative (e.g. a car). The main challenge for such an approach would be the presence of noticeable disadvantages, such as the decreased convenience and prestige associated with bikes. Therefore, it would be necessary to capitalize on the insights into the environmental and logistical advantages of the technology, such as the increased cost-effectiveness and the long-term city-scale improvements. The development phase would require compiling the information on the principal components of the device, such as the engine, the battery, the frame, and some major gears. Importantly, it would be beneficial to initiate a simultaneous outreach to partners among policymakers, governments, and related organizations (e.g. environmental activists and healthy lifestyle promotion nonprofits). In this way, initial awareness can be established among the stakeholders that could later be reinforced by the predisposed customer base. Finally, the design stage would require specification of the key components, such as the capacity of the battery, the principle of the charging mechanism’s operation, the use of the mechanical components, and the overall shape and “look and feel” of the final product. The latter is especially important to boost demand. While the product offers numerous technological and financial advantages, it would be unreasonable to expect a sufficient customer base driven solely by them. Therefore, the product’s aesthetical characteristics must be representative of its social and environmental values, prompting more individuals to choose it over the alternatives. Rothwell’s network model of the innovation process would be the most suitable for the introduction of technology to the market. There are two reasons for this. First, the e-bike consists of two distinct groups of components: the mechanical parts that are nearly identical to the traditional bicycles and the battery-powered electric motor. These components are usually represented by the different industry segments and would require a sufficient amount of cooperation and coordination to produce a feasible result. The network model incorporates cooperation as its key principle and would thus be highly suitable for the task. Second, as was mentioned above, the technical aspects of the product would need to be aligned with its intrinsic implications through design solutions, which in turn, would require collaboration across departments. The networking model inherits such a possibility from the integrated one and is thus the most suitable option. Value Creation and Capture Of the three value capture elements form the framework, appropriability and revenue-generating mechanisms offer
Introduction Alpine Beverages is a multinational company with headquarters in Switzerland. It produces almost all possible soft drinks from carbonated to fresh milk ones. I will imagine that I am the Logistics Manager in the Dubai office. The purpose of this work is to decide which logistics service to choose to undertake warehousing and delivery. In the paper, several logistics companies will be discussed according to the conditions given in the task. Storage and delivery requirements will be taken into consideration. Then, it will be decided what online data should be available from the logistics service for Alpine Beverage to manage the process correctly. Finally, the appropriate third-party logistics service company will be selected. Conditions Firstly, the Dubai operation of Alpine Beverages needs 3400 pallet storage places. 3000 of them are required for hermetic cans, bottles, and cartons with long-life beverages that do not need cooling. 400 pallet places need cooling as fresh fruit juice, and flavored milk drinks are going to be kept in them. That is why the company needs an appropriate third-party cooperator that will be able to provide all the necessary pallet spaces. Secondly, a company is needed that can deliver beverages to three regions of Saudi Arabia, namely Dammam, Riyadh, and Jeddah. Moreover, Alpine Beverages have contracts with sellers in Muscat, Oman, and, naturally, the Emirates, where the office is situated. Thus, the transporting company should be the one operating in the whole region of the Middle East. Deliveries are supposed to be on a daily basis. Moreover, it is necessary to take into consideration that Alpine Beverages may acquire conditions that will enable it to expand the distribution network. It would not be very convenient to change the delivering and storing business partner because of that. That is why the third-party logistics service should be ready to satisfy the growing demands of Alpine Beverages. The company expects to increase its sales in the region by 50 percent in the next five years; that is why the logistics company needs to correspond to the expectations and, perhaps, also have clear plans for growing and development. Thirdly, for the sake of safety, drinks are to be transported on wooden pallets. It means that the third-party company should have enough pallets that correspond to the actual safety norms. It should be expected that the losses while transportation w