ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The automotive sector is a business segment which is strongly associated with success, innovation, and generally serves as a flagship of leadership practices to the rest of the businesses worldwide. Many prominent leadership strategies and approaches originate from it, with Fordism being the brightest example. At the same time, the changes in the industry and the economic environment of the recent years have led to the situation where the leaders of the field lost their definitive advantage and faced a risk of closure. Such setting triggered a radical shift in leadership practices. The following paper aims at exploring the use of different leadership theories characteristic for the automotive industry. By reviewing the available academic sources on the matter, we aim at determining the preferred leadership theories at different points in time of the industry, identifying the reasons for change, outlining the benefits and challenges of each theory pertinent to the field, and provide the recommendation that would improve the situation. Literature Review With the exception of the gradual shift towards customer-oriented practices, the automotive industry showed little change in leadership practices for almost half a century, with command and control being the preferred strategy (Crossan, Lane, & White， 1999). However, the recent alternations in the global market dramatically changed the requirements for leaders (Hernandez et al. 2011). While there is no conclusive evidence of the prevalence in specific leadership theories, several inquiries illustrate a shift in characteristics expected from the leader in automotive industry. For instance, a study by Spencer Stuart’s automotive practice (2012) suggested the priority of result orientation, global perspective, strategic orientation, team-leading skills, and communication, as top five priorities. Interestingly, the same survey highlighted a dominant requirement for alliance and partnership management as desirable functional experience for a leader in the industry (Spencer Stuart’s Automotive Practice 2012). The appendix Chart 1 presents the most important characteristics for future automotive leaders (Spencer Stuart’s Automoti
Introduction Hinduism is a widely popular religious tradition, practiced by over 900 million individuals across the world and considered the third most commonly adopted religion (Ramalingam et al., 2015). Although it originated from India, Hindu practitioners can be seen all over the world. This paper focuses on the religious belief of Hinduism and how it can affect the attitudes of medical personnel at the end of life and palliative care by critically examining and critically analyzing the current research on the topic and practice guidelines for medical professionals. About Hinduism and Its Impact on Medical Care The main issue of Hinduism and palliative and end-of-life care is associated with end-of-life decisions because of the conflict between Hindu principles, funeral arrangements and traditional approaches to managing end-of-life decisions. End-of-life care is defined by Ramalingam et al. (2015) as “interventions provided to assist individuals and their families near the end of life and may include hospice and/or palliative care” (p. 8). The knowledge gap here is the fact that the medical professionals and patients or their families may have different opinions regarding end-of-life care and since this topic is sensitive, it is vital to examine how religious beliefs such as Hindu affect the provision of care and the beliefs of individuals related to medical services. Clinical Practice Issues and Current Research Ramalingam et al. (2015) state that previous studies conducted in the United States and Europe found evidence that religious beliefs affect the perception of physicians and other medical professionals. Since the researchers focused specifically on the Hindu religion, it is possible to draw some conclusions about its impact on the end of life and palliative care. Ramalingam et al. (2015) concluded that “ethical, cultural, and patient-centered environment” (p. 9). This means that most medical professionals, particularly in the United States where the research took place, have adjusted their beliefs based on the scientific and medical standards and ethics, meaning that there are no barriers for them at the end of life care. Spirituality and Clinical Practice The research reviewed in the previous slide suggests that physicians practicing Hindu do not use their religion in their work. However, another scenario is a non-Hindu medical professional who comes in contact with a Hindu patient at an end-of-life facility. WHO’s definition of the end of life care approaches the issue of quality of life from the spiritual and psychological perspectives (cited in Sharme et al., 2013). This means that it is the duty of a medical professional to assist the patient and their family by respecting the religion they practice regardless of the personal views and opinions that this medical professional may have. Specifics of Hindu Traditions Next, to understand the specifics of end-of-life care pertaining to the Hindu religion, it is necessary to review the death
Introduction The laws of supply and demand are subject to external forces such as government restrictions. The US has implemented some of these restrictions like minimum wage and rent controls. However, economic analyses indicate that they may not be the best way to go. It is therefore critical to examine the benefits and detriments of such controls and then establish whether the country is heading in the right direction. Probable consequences of rent controls Rent controls do not address the housing shortages that they are meant to curb and instead only serve to perpetrate a cycle of more rent controls. This is because the process fails to deal with the underlying economic reasons behind unfair housing and instead focuses on the symptoms of the problem. Additionally, rent controls cause tenants who have access to decent housing to operate under the false notion that there is no housing scarcity. Consequently, there is no incentive for them to minimize space wastage by sharing it with willing buyers. This means that such a scarce resource is inefficiently allocated and new entrepreneurs interested in offering rental houses will be discouraged to do so as they may not get a return on their investments. In the end, this necessitates a need for more and extreme rent controls thus perpetuating a vicious cycle. (Friedman and Sigler, 1946) Rent controls also represent a wrong pathway in dealing with the problem of housing shortages. In this regard, such an approach is merely dealing with a symptom of the larger problem of inflation. Rent controls represent a haphazard and misguided way of curbing this difficulty. Instead a better solution would be dealing with unequal wealth and income. The government has three alternatives that would eliminate this problem and they are; taxation, stock money controls and governmental economics. (Friedman and Sigler, 1946) Results of an immediate removal of rent control based on supply and demand laws If rent controls were immediately removed, then it is likely that rent prices for new tenants would go up. However, existing tenants are unlikely to be affected by these increases as most of them are protected by leases. This rise would be observed in the short term but with time more houses will be on offer for rent and this will reduce their costs. (Gillespie, 2007) Removal of rent control is also likely to cause people to be economical with the spaces they have. This is because they will realize the real value of the property that they are currently residing in. Those persons who find that they have excessive space will have an economic incentive to double up with other individuals if they ca
The aim of this paper is to look at the pathophysiological changes resulting from trauma and alterations in the cerebrovascular blood flow. It discusses the effects of these two to the cognitive abilities of the patient, and how the patient operates in the social, emotional and physical capacity, after suffering such misfortune. It takes into perspective recent research into better healthcare delivery, on the part of the nurse, in relation to prognosis, discharge and home based care and hoe these relate for better patient management. Lastly, it delves into the strategies employed to rehabilitate a person who has suffered trauma or has cerebrovascular disturbance in blood flow. Neuroscience is a vast field of neurology that encompasses the dynamics and mechanisms of the brain. In life, there are situations where misfortune befalls us e.g. a car accident or a stroke and our brain suffers a terrible blow. This causes pathophysiological changes in our brain function occurs as a result of trauma or disturbances in the blood flow in the brain. This is an exploration of this subject of trauma and cerebrovascular functions, its effect on the patient and the society, and the relevance to nursing world as well as the rehabilitation efforts towards this cause. Cognition is a “term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging and problem solving. These are higher-level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination, perception and planning” (Cherry, 2010). It involves processes such as abstraction and executive functions. This paper will discuss how brain trauma resulting from stroke will affect the cognitive functions of executive functions and the abstraction. Executive functions are referred to as “a set of cognitive abilities that control and regulate other abilities and behaviors” (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, n.d.). It encompasses the ability to initiate and stop behavior, to monitor and change our behaviors and to plan functions based on future goals. It allows for successful functioning in the work –place due to an increased ability to adapt to changes in the environment, which arbitrarily spring up. They help us to avoid stress these functions seek solutions to these unexpected occurrences. They are important for someone to fit in well in society, as it inhibits inappropriate behavior. In the case of a stroke (sometimes called a cerebrovascular accident[CA]), the patient usually lacks oxygen supply to the brain because of a blockage in the jugular artery. This may be due to a clot or thrombosis or a rupture in the artery. This leads to death of the brain cells that are mostly in the frontal lobe. In the case of non –fluent aphasia,(which is also an effect of a stroke) the patient’s temporal lobe is the one that is affected. It is a disturbance of the cerebrovascular in that the blood flow is interrupted. Other pathophysiological processes such as
What are the issues that Alias must resolve? The Alias Company must resolve the issue of price adjustments when competition persists. The policy of the company about the pricing of products has not been favorable to the sales reps. For example, Isaac Babbs was disappointed when he lost a contract to Wavefront. This was the fourth time to lose a sale contract due to the high prices. The company has fixed prices, which the sales reps should follow. Describe the Alias’ advantages and disadvantages Advantages The products of the company could be designed in different forms. The products did not require extensive training. The company has a strong culture that allows the employees to be innovative. Disadvantages The company has fixed prices that hinder sales reps from competing with other companies. The products of the company were not compatible with many other products. Where are Alias’ opportunities and the most serious competition? The market size grew each year, and Alias acquired additional customers. The emergence of many companies using the Alias software offered a good opportunity to expand its business. Alias experienced serious price competition from other companies. How should Alias Research proceed? Alias Research should research the behavior of competitors to know their strategies. The company should also research strategies for product differentiation to achieve a competitive edge. Should sales reps be allowed to negotiate prices? The company should allow the sales reps to negotiating the prices. The competitors allow their sales reps to negotiating the prices, and they sell products easily. The company has lost many contracts because the prices are fixed. Allowing the sales reps to negotiate the prices will help create bargaining power. The Company The Alias Research Company was introduced in 1983. The founders are Stephen Bingham, Nigel McGrath, Susan McKenna, and David Springer. The founders had few resources when establishing the company. Thus, they had to borrow money to get enough resources. Alias grew fast because the founders and employees were willing to achieve the goals of the company. The company applied informal culture in the management of all activities. The company had a strong team spirit, which allowed the employees to unite and consult each other. Competitors The major competitors were Wavefront, TDI, and E&S. Customers The company served automobile companies. Recommendations The management should allow the sales reps to fix prices depending on the pricing strategies of the competitors. The culture of the company should be changed to allow innovations into different products. A SWOT Analysis Strengths                                                                                                                 Weaknesses                                                                                              * The products of the Alias were used in many fields.                                                                     * The company was not flexible in its pricing strategy                                                * About 70% of the automobile companies applied Alias in designing pr
Abstract The paper is devoted to the description of intelligence augmentation as one of the possible options to improve the functioning of USINDOPACOM on the background of Chinese attempts to expand its presence in the South China Sea. It also includes the contingency plan regarding the three possible options. The work outlines ways to increase readiness and awareness levels, along with the strategies that can be implemented to guarantee active resistance to potential aggression. Intelligence Augmentation Today, the U.S. Pacific Command faces multiple challenges associated with the active position of China in the Asian region and its attempts to spread its control over strategically important areas. Under these conditions, the ability of USINDOPACOM to respond to emerging threats and implement a specific plan of action to minimize potential harm acquires the top priority as one of the possible ways to preserve stability in the region. Information plays a critical role in these activities as it offers many opportunities for the creation of effective strategies, improves flexibility, and provides additional Intelligence support. Thus, the establishment of the contingency Intelligence Augmentation Plan is one of the possible options to attain existing goals and prevent China from establishing substantial administrative control over the South China Sea. Background Today, the South China Sea is the issue that attracts the attention of states’ governments and international organizations, including military ones. China’s activity in the given region is considered as an attempt to expand the sphere of its influence throughout the area regardless of its strategic importance to the USA and the presence of its troops and warships (Beech, 2018). In such a way, it transforms into a center of a political and, which is more important, the military struggle between Beijing and Washington (Kuok, 2019). Both parties have their allies in are also interested in controlling the Sea as it guarantees diplomatic and material rewards (Jaffer, 2019). Under these conditions, the U.S. Pacific command faces the need for effective strategies and plans that would be able to resist Chinese attempts to move forward. In the opposition of these two states, information becomes the most valuable resource as it demonstrates the further intentions of opponents and their current goals. In this regard, the implementation of innovative technologies becomes a preferable option for improved data collection. Intelligence augmentation is one of the ways to attain success as it presupposes the application of the newest digital technology, such as machine learning, to support and improve current human capabilities in spheres of information search, analysis, and plannin
In 1911, Italian writer Ricciotto Canudo who is deemed the first theorist of film considered cinema as “the Seventh Art”. He had the understanding that film incorporated the distinctive elements of both the spatial arts and temporal arts (architecture, sculpture, painting on one side and music and dance on another). He later introduced poetry to the list in 1923, as a renowned manifesto entitled “Reflections on The Seventh Art”. In 1920s, and the subsequent years, “the seventh art” was a common reference to the movies world. Presently, almost 150 years after Canudo’s manifesto, video games have emulated “new art”, or the “Eighth Art”. They have introduced some new elements of film, to the profound and crucial aspect – interactivity. The first time a film was introduced to the public, most movie lovers, were at first were drawn to the theatres by the whole technology of gigantic moving pictures. In the same case, today, most game stars are motivated by interactivity in their various games. However, it is evident that film audiences have complained of boredom with the simple spectacle of moving pictures in the same way gamers become fatigued by game play alone within video games and which prompts them to look for more satisfaction elsewhere (Aitken, 2001). Futurism is a social movement with an artistic content from Italy, around the early 20th century. Its emphasis was glorifying all themes associated with new concepts of the future, where technology, speed, lifestyle objects, airplanes, cars, and the industrial cities are included. Futurism was considered largely as an Italian phenomenon though other places like England and Russia staged similar movements. The futurists participated in every medium of art, such as , sculpture , ceramics , painting, graphic and industrial design , interior design , theatre and film , fashion , textiles , literature , music , and architecture . In the early 1910s, most contemporary artists associated with Modernism joined the film industry as part of embracing new technology (Umbro, 2001). This saw the artists animate their images and most Italian futurists issuing a prospective on the possibilities of Futurist cinema in 1916. Major Futurist films appear to have lost popularity but contrary to this, 1912’s Bruno Corra essay gave a detailed inside story of animation work. Bruno bypassed the camera by painting directly on celluloid and his work attracted very little attention that forced this method of direct film making to be reinvented two decades later. Various futurists came up with infamous statements, which brought about much controversy within the contemporary film industry. For instance, the ‘ Un chien Andalou’ film, which was produced in France at around 1928, was considered to advocate for murder by Futurist Luis Bunuel. Either way, it was the film manifestos, which dictated the comprehension of experimental films as we
Introduction The Echo 2.0 blood bank analyser is a new method of red cell testing that distinguishes itself with its high automation. The trait allows it to avoid potential human errors, leading to the surfacing of the notion that the technique may be more sensitive than conventional approaches. The idea is the subject of considerable debate, and a substantial body of research has been amassed on the topic. The goal of this literature review is to identify the principles and central traits of each frequently used method, identify different views and controversies, and offer analysis and critique. Specific and Sensitive Laboratory Testing Conventional tube technique The use of antiglobulin tests, also known as Coombs tests after their inventor or the conventional tube technique due to the method employed, dates back more than half a century. It is possible to distinguish two primary varieties: direct, which investigates the patient’s red blood cells (18), and indirect, which works with the patient’s serum (4). The former can be applied to a variety of conditions, as few healthy patients will test positive (14, 24). The latter’s primary purpose is the detection of antibodies in patients (14) and donors (4). The IAT is more commonly performed by other methods, particularly the automated one used by Echo 2.0, and so it is of higher interest to the discussion. The long history of Coombs tests serves as an indication of their high reliability and utility. With that said, a negative result on the examination does not confirm that there are no issues (12), as while a positive test tends to indicate that a condition is present (5), it can have a low detection rate compared to other methods such as flow cytometry (21), though that result is debatable (22). The primary reason is the lack of sensitivity, with various reagents being unable to detect IgG molecule concentrations below 500 or 150 per cell (20). As such, a need arises for alternate approaches that show higher detection capabilities. Column agglutination technique Column agglutination, also known as the gel technique due to the specifics of its execution, may be used for mostly the same purposes as the Coombs test. It is primarily focused on indirect antibody evaluation, but applications that emulate the direct antiglobulin test are possible (7). Some researchers consider column agglutination more sensitive than the conventional tube technique (8), though the conclusion may be debatable. Overall, the