ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Globalization can be defined as increased unification of economic order at the international level through reduction of the several of blockades to international trade such as exportation cost, import rations and levy. Globalization is mainly intended at to raising goods, services and material wealth through division of labour in the world. The attainment of this important component of trade is accelerated by specialization, good international relations and competition. Globalization generally describes the procedure by which local society’s customs and economies amalgamate through trade, communication and transportation. Globalization can be determined by a mishmash of political, technological, economic, biological and socio-cultural factors. It entails multinational exchange of ideas, trendy cultures and languages through assimilation. Factors that led to globalization include increased mass movement and migration, technologies in transportation, increased economic movement, combinations of industries and international concords.A world or state that has undergone the process can be alleged to have been globalized. Globalization has greatly impacted the world today, its effect can be felt everywhere in politics, economics, finance, language, ecology, culture, religion, technology, industry and information. Contemporary Globalization Contemporary analysts correlate globalization with deterritorialization. This is whereby social activities continue to grow irrespective of geographical position of the participants. To draw this conclusion, these analysts used computers and other telecommunication technologies and examined global events. These kinds of events occur almost everywhere and anywhere in the world. They therefore defined contemporary globalization as increased possible actions among people living in different longitudinal and latitudinal location. The distance does not affect social activities that take place in the location. Deterritorialization exists or manifests itself in businesses that people do in different continents with the help of electronic commerce. For example, television enables people in different parts of the world to observe how terrible wars waged far away from their homes impact the world. Moreover increased technology inventions enable people to hold seminars by use of video conferencing apparatus whereby those involved are located in different geographical positions. The internet also enables people to instantaneously communicate with each other despite the long distance that separates
Introduction Correlational and regression statistics are widely used in various fields of research to establish the relationships between various variables and their effects on particular areas of interest (Cramer, 2016). Correlational research design focuses on finding associations and measuring the relationship between various variables. It is often used in psychology, sociology, and various other fields where staging an experiment by isolating certain particular variables of interest is impossible. Reasons for the impossibility of the experiment could be many, such as technical impossibility, ethical considerations, or the potential to distort the relationship between factors by taking other variables out of the picture. This research design is good at studying naturally-occurring phenomena. There is one large limitation of this research design. It cannot be used to establish cause-and-effect connections, as the research does not eliminate other independent variables from the equations, which may affect the result (Cramer, 2016). Regression analysis, on the other hand, is used to determine how an independent variable is numerically related to the dependent variable (Cramer, 2016). Its purpose is to help estimate the value of the unknown variable based on the value of a known variable. It is used to predict results, which is why it finds implementation in economics medicine, education, and predictive statistics (Cramer, 2016). While in correlation both variables are equal, and the relationship between them goes both ways, in regressions, the relationship between variable 1 towards variable 2 is different from the relationship between variable 2 towards variable 1. Understanding the implementation of these concepts is paramount to a researcher. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two dissertation papers written between 2012 and 2017, analyze their use of both statistical methods, and determine if any factors went amiss. Correlation Study: The Effect of Student-Teacher Rapport on High School Student Performance Rate This study was performed by Robyn Alisha Clark of Liberty University and published in 2014 on behalf of Liberty University. The research studies the correlation between student-teacher rapport and high-school student performance rate, as well as several other co-variables that are suspected to affect the relationship between teachers and students. These co-variables are identified as the gender of the students as well as post-graduation plans that the students may have. The researcher identified the correlational method as the best way to study these relationships and provided three hypotheses to be studied in this research:   * There is a statistically significant positive relationship between student-teacher rapport and performance rate as measured by the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale and the student’s grade point average (Clark, 2014).   * There is a statically significant positive relationship between a student’s gender and student-teacher rapport level as measured by the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (Clark, 2014).   * There is
Introduction Over the past couple of decades, there has been a focus on the connection between instructional practices and student motivation. Many works have contributed towards understanding what motivates students to perform better in their studies. If the factors that motivate students were known, it would be easy to design instructional methods that motivate students. However, most studies indicate that student motivation is positively correlated to student performance. So, to ensure students perform well in their studies, it is essential to keep them motivated. Research questions The basic questions that need to be answered in this regard are: Can the teacher motivate a student through his instructional practices? Are such practices common across all subjects? Are such motivational strategies universally applicable to all students? These are some questions that need to be further researched. Concepts Many factors affect the motivation of students including psychological or cognitive factors. Consequently, many motivational learning theories explore the motivational aspects of student performance. According to the self-efficacy theory of learning, motivation depends on a person’s self-belief regarding his ability to learn. Only those people who believe that ability is expandable can be motivated to take up challenges. Attribution theory states that motivation depends on the reasons to which people attribute their success or failure when completing various tasks. Hence, some students may be less motivated to learn when they believe they are powerless over their success. The self-worth theory holds motivation depends on the learner’s ability to accept success or failure. It is generally held that instructors should identify student goals, assess motivation, challenge and encourage, and be aware of differences in the entry-level of
When the federal authorities in Canada decided to expand the railway network in the country, the Quebec Bridge was a part of the plan. The initial plan for the bridge was drawn in the early 1900s. The bridge was built to provide a reliable passage across the Saint Lawrence River. Prior the construction of the bridge, the only way to cross the river was by the use of a ferry. The river was a major barrier to transport due to its breadth. While there were no major flaws in the initial design of the bridge, changes to the initial plan resulted to the eventual collapse of the bridge (Manitoba 2). The engineer who designed the bridge added some to length to it, and failed to account for the extra dimensions in the calculation of the stress limit for the bridge. The person in charge of the bridge construction ignored several warnings of faults developing in the bridge since the construction had gone too far to stop without dire financial consequences (Wilson 52). When it became apparent that the bridge would be lost, the engineer in charge tried to contact his senior, and both engineers issued a warning message to stop the construction (Manitoba 4). However, the message from the engineers arrived at the construction site a while after the collapse of the bridge. Problems Affecting Construction Construction of the bridge went on for three years from 1904 to 1907, when the engineers noticed that flaws were appearing in the girders supporting the bridge. At first, it did not occur to the chief engineer that the bridge structure was failing (Wilson 24). Consequently, he took action on the new development after the bridge’s situation had deteriorated beyond salvation. Eventually, the bridge claimed the lives seventy-five of the eighty-six workers working on the bridge when it collapsed. An attempt to reconstruct the bridge was
Being a male or female cannot make a distinction in the incidence of addictive conduct and treatment requirements. Studies affirm that males from the age of twelve years are highly probable of reporting present substance abuse as compared to females. For instance, males are nearly two times as probable of using marihuana as females. Presently, females deemed drug addicts or alcoholics are viewed as pervert and promiscuous (van Wormer & Davis, 2012). Addiction amid women is greatly stigmatized when judged against amid men and that could be a severe hindrance to obtaining assistance. Females who have drug addiction problems could thus be deemed suffering from a double tragedy since they are females and in addiction for that matter. Many females in addiction articulate a great deal of dishonor and regret due to their incapacity to perform tasks as expected of them by the community. Addiction treatment should recognize the significance, in addition to the task of the socioeconomic concerns and dissimilarities amid women. Addiction treatment should also a
One of the problems facing the global economy as highlighted by Annie Leonard that I have not considered previously is the role played by institutions in promoting the culture of consumption. Governments and organizations should be responsible for heading campaigns to reduce consumerism because it has adverse effects on people and the environment. However, they encourage consumption because they are the major beneficiaries. Leonard spoke of advertisements as one of the avenues used by organizations to encourage consumerism. She was correct because a large percentage of ads in various media platforms such as newspapers, magazines, and television promote luxurious products that consumers do not truly need. They buy them because marketing agencies present them as basic human needs rather than luxuries. For example, fashion items and junk food are common in ads that target the young and old populations. People are tricked into believing that for them to become happy and more fulfilled in life, they must buy or consume certain products. I think that as long the government
Culture is defined by British Anthropologist, Tyler (1871, 1958), culture is a “complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”, quoted by Tran (2009, p. 4). Hess and Cateora have defined international marketing as “the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services to consumers and users in more than one nation”, as quoted by Paul (2008, p. 3). Cultural differences in the international market have posed great challenges to multinational companies. An ethical advert in the UK might be unethical in other parts of the world owing to the cultural differentials between the concerned countries (Paul, 2008). It is important to understand how cultural differences affect international marketing decisions. Understanding cultural differences gives the benefit of possibly predicting strategic moves of competitors coupled with designing an effective competitive strategy enabling the firm to adapt to such differences (Tse et al, 1988). This paper investigates the significance of culture in the international marketing using the cultural differentials between the UK and other parts of the globe to advise marketers on the best ways to market their products in such markets. The values and attitudes of the target market may highly influence the consumers’ purchase decisions and dictate the kind of adverts that a company airs (Tran, 2009). Ethical conflicts have been at the centre of business conflicts for multinational companies in the recent past. Given that ethics are highly embedded in the people’s values and attitudes, a marketer must research on the topic before making major marketing decisions. A case in point is the 2004’s ban of the Nike’s TV advert in China on grounds of insult to the Chinese national dignity. The ad showed a US basketball celebrity, LeBron James, battling with an animated Kung Fu expert, which the Chinese nationals regarded as unethical (Palmatier et al, 2006). The choice of the words is also an important factor to consider when formulating marketing ads to avoid violating the values and attitudes of the concerned country. An example of an advert that has sparked ethical issues in the recent past is the 2006’s Tourism Australian ad, which was banned in Britain. The advert contained the words, “So where the bloody hell are you?” which were not acceptable in Britain based on the country’s values (Terpstra et al, 2012)
Introduction Sonnets appear to be one of the oldest poetic forms in literature history, but their content seems still relevant to say nothing about the extent of their influence on poetry evolution. Meanwhile, it is worth mentioning that there are two significant schools within the genre: English and Italian. In other words, it is peculiar to examine how different and, yet, close these traditions are on specific examples. Body The themes of the sonnets under discussion appear to be closely related. Both Shakespeare and Dafney describe a romantic story, but there are different perspectives. Shakespeare develops ideas on trust in rel
The Speaker of the Poem Maya Angelou’s writings frequently dealt with what it was like to be a black woman in America. When read in this light, “Still I Rise” becomes more than a call to perseverance in the face of adversity: it becomes a modern-day homage to the power and beauty of blackness. Although the speaker’s racist culture believes that black people’s lives and bodies are less valuable than others, she opposes this notion passionately. The speaker emphasizes her complete humanity while simultaneously associating her body with valuable symbols like “oil wells,” “gold mines,” and “diamonds” (Angelou 2, 5, 7). These parallels subtly criticize racist and sexist conceptions that beauty and power are only associated with whiteness and masculinity. Instead, the poem transforms into a celebration of black women. The poem indicates that in a racist world, civilization continues to deny black people their entire humanity. The speaker should be “broken,” “cut,” or perhaps “kill[ed]” (Angelou 4, 6), according to society. Rather than recognizing black people’s lives and humanity, society deliberately damages and destroys them. Slavery was, of course, the ultimate dehumanization in society’s shameful past. Exaltation of African American Slave Heritage Maya Angelou, an American civil rights activist, and writer, wrote the poem “Still I Rise.” The poem appeared in Angelou’s third poetry book, And Still I Rise, in 1978 and is one of her most well-known pieces. In general, the poem is an affirmation of oppressed people’s dignity and tenacity in the face of persecution. “Still I Rise” may also be understood as a critique of anti-black racism because Angelou frequently wrote about blackness and black femininity. Thus, I agree that this poem serves as a reflection of the history of slavery and, from a certain point of view, its criticism. Work Cited Angelou, Maya. “Still I Rise.” Poetry Foundation , Penguin Random House, 1994, Web.
Introduction Athletics is a process that involves running faster, jumping higher or longer distances, or throwing some provided materials further than someone else. In addition, bicycle paddling, car racers and participation in football are also examples of athletic processes. It has been known for long and it is still known that athletes are among the successful persons in the world. Despite the much success associated with athletic activities, many risks are made by the athletic competitors in partaking their trainings and competitions. Let it be clarified, however, that devoid of the proper training and directions, the well known successful athletes are none but a group of ordinary persons in the society. Significance of athletics process Participating in athletic activities is an essential element in life; this is because during athletics process body movements are made, hence contributing immensely to the normal health of an individual. In addition, during athletic process, individuals lose weight leading to reduction of health associated problems such as obesity and vessel blockages. Athletic activities also pays more well compared to other kinds of chores in the world. However, for an individual to be a successful athlete, he or she has to incorporate some steps in life. These steps include choosing of the right diets, thinking critically, having good listening and communication skills, input of much effort in athletic activities, undertaking trainings, avoiding risks, and having familiarity to athletic tools. Picking of diet First, a successful athlete has the responsibility of picking on the right diets that will enhance body fitness for a competition. This is because athletic process is all about contraction and relaxation of muscles, and incorrect foods results to difficulties in muscle building of an individual. In addition to successful athletes taking the right diets, they should also learn to hydrate themselves in the period of summer. Body hydration aids in reducing of body weight by not only preventing accumulation of cholesterol, but also tissue clotting in the body tissues. Intake water also plays a crucial role in enhancing the body tissues remain in fitness for any activity including participating in athletics. In addition, during the summer period, a lot of water is lost
This paper is organized into six paragraphs. The first paragraph gives a brief overview of the problem under discussion. The second, third, fourth, and fifth paragraphs offer each a point of argument in putting my point across that any drunk driver should be imprisoned on the first offense. The final paragraph summarizes the paper and restates the purpose of the essay. Driving under the influence, not only under alcohol, as best understood by drunk driving, is a criminal offense in many countries worldwide. Drunk driving has been reported to be the leading cause of traffic accidents around the globe that has led to many deaths and loss of property. In the US alone, 13 000 deaths are reported yearly on average from drunk driving-related cases, which translates to 1 death every 39 minutes (CBS, 2009). On many occasions, culprits in drunk-driving-related accidents have shown to be serial offenders in the same crime. This has resulted in involved authorities imposing very heavy signs on the offenders. But are the fines serious enough to deter other potential offenders? This has been the question that the public and more persons who have served in the hands of a drunken driver ask. In the US, each state has responded with its unique way of punishing offenders as guided by its stated traffic laws. However, no matter the laws or the punishments meted out, the number of traffic accidents is spiraling higher and higher. So what would be the final solution or rather the most effective manner to bring down the number and saving lives and saving others unnecessary pain? The best way would be imprisoning offenders in the first offense without bail. In the first place, they have broken a law that is already too lenient of drunk drivers and also because they pose a risk in two ways; themselves and other drivers. Many arguments have been fronted in challenging drunk driving by the question what level of alcohol consumption is considered as dangerous to drive. All the fifty states in the US agree on the legal limit of alcohol intake that is permissible for a driver at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level of.08. This translates to two drinks for an average woman and four drinks for an average male. Unfortunately, as some have literally experienced, our bodies have differe
One of the biggest trends these days is for people to meet other people online. Online dating is growing in popularity not only because of the ability of internet programs to quickly and easily connect two people from sometimes vastly different areas, but also because there are many ways that one can ‘screen’ potential dates without wasting valuable social time dating people you don’t like. However, there are some major pitfalls to online dating that must be taken into account before one begins to engage in the practice. These include the very real potential for deceit, interpersonal elements of physical attraction are absent in the online world and the time involved in interfacing with the computer reduces the ability of the individual to interact with living people in physical form. It is widely acknowledged that one of the greatest risks involved in online dating is that one is interacting with an individual entirely different from the individual they are presented with within the cold blue glow of the computer screen. “People lie. And they will say whatever they need to say to sell themselves. They’re creating a picture of who they think they are and putting it on the web” (Radetich, 2005). Even when photographs are exchanged online, these can easily be false either by the individual selecting a photo of someone else they found online or by posting an image of themselves at a much younger age. Numerous elements of attraction cannot possibly transfer through the electronic blips and lights of the internet. Although online dating services will often enable you to almost hand-order the exact kind of mate you are seeking, things don’t work out so neatly in the real world. “In the real world … you may find more appeal in someone different in some ways” (Lawrence, 2004). For various reasons, the other person’s body language, preferences in how to spend their free time, or basic body chemistry, the individual who seemed perfect online may suddenly turn out to be all wrong in person leading to a profound mistrust of one’s own judgment and abilities. Finally, dating online necessitates spending a great deal of time, often in a solitary room ultimately interacting only with the computer screen. When one dates someone in person, it is possible to go out to the movies, to bars, to parties, or other events in which interaction with each other is interspersed with interaction with others. Life is more social in the real world and, if or when the relationship falls through, there are friends available to help nurse the injured party through the fallout. However, if one has been dating online, everything is done in a solitary way, preventing interaction with other people, encouraging the couple to continue in isolation even when finally together. While online dating can be fun and exciting, permitting one to meet some different people who might otherwise remain hidden in the obscurity of the city, some issues must be overco