ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The black community is being constituted and reconstituted socially and historically to build a new and diverse society. This community is contingent and is shifting constantly under the influence of the racism experiences and shared histories with other nations. The Diaspora has been identified as a process because it is evolving through moving, relocation, travel, cultural reproduction, and in the political struggles. It is also a condition because the Diaspora exists with a global race that is constantly changing, and is influenced by culture, economy, and legal aspects. Africans were linked internationally by the common, shared experiences of racialism. These experiences gave them the power to unite together and form mass movements to fight for their rights. This gave them an opportunity to be part of decision making, which contributed to the decolonizing process (Clarke and Thomas 12-13). This paper discusses how racial capitalism and colonialism shaped African Diasporic cultures while transforming the West. African Diasporic Culture and the Transformation Process There is a relationship between racism and the consciousness of the working class. The two aspects stem from a similar point because they signify today’s imperialism and industrialization. The racism problem is as a result of the labor problem. In this respect, the plantation laborers were chosen on a racial basis. The Europeans were the working class while the Africans were the laborers who did not require skills to work. However, with continued exposure, the African community became organized and intelligent. Through this process, the Africans learnt that they could unite and express their concerns. The economic developments were connected with the struggle for national liberation and the Bl
Comparing the Treatments The Native American Timeline shows how the Native Americans suffered in the hands of both the American colonialists in the 1600s before the country gained independence and in the hands of the United States military during the first half of the 1800s after independence (Campbell 78). When the White settlers started pushing the Native Americans out of their ancestral land, the natives felt that they were justified to resist. They, therefore, organized armed resistance against the colonial militia that was responsible for the forceful eviction. However, their resistance was met with excessive military force as most of them were killed, and others were injured, while their properties were destroyed. The colonial militia did not treat the natives as people who had rights to their land (Peskin 112). They had to not only obey the White settlers by moving away from their land but also support them by working on those lands as slaves. When the country gained independence, the Native Americans thought that they will be part of the population enjoying the benefits of freedom. However, that was not to be as the American military started an ambitious expansion program towards the south. In the early 1800s, the Indian Removal Act was passed and the government started an ambitious project to push the Native Americans out of their lands into reservations. Just like they did during the colonial era, the Native Americans resisted their removal out of their ancestral land. This forced the United States government to use military force to implement the Act. The result of this military intervention was the loss of scores of lives, suffering from the locals due to injuries sustained in the war and loss of loved ones, and massive destruction of property. The way that the colonialists treated the Native Americans is the same cruel way that the American military treated them. Benn says that the United States military was meaner to the natives in their attack than the colonial militia (54). Justification of the Actions of the Colonial
What is the purpose of the Mathematics curriculum? How does Mathematics relate to the other curriculum areas? Mathematics is always underlined as one of the basic constituencies of classical education. Professionals believe that it helps students develop a sense of wonder that is continuously developing, which allows them to deepen their knowledge in different spheres and learn more critical information. In addition to that, it makes learners perceive the world in connection with order, pattern, and relation. It is emphasized that the study of mathematics reveals the beautiful order of things so that its main aim is to describe it in the framework of the natural world. Today, the representatives of the general public mainly see it as a language that is used only by scientists. However, the mathematics curriculum is expected to develop reasoning skills and logical thought that are advantageous in everyday life. All in all, it tends to focus on the development of a general understanding of order and harmony that is taken from a concrete foundation (Treloar, 2012). Even though mathematics is focused on arithmetic and geometry, it is often tightly connected with other curriculum areas. For example, during the classes of physical education, students can be asked to gather in groups of four or count the equipment that is required for sports. Within the mathematics curriculum, name the three strands that need to be developed and explain their function and the sequence for each of the three mathematics strands. The mathematics curriculum should be discussed regarding each of its standards that reveal the content that should be learned. In this way, it will be advantageous to consider the number and algebra first of all, as they are developed simultaneously. Students resort to both number sense and a range of strategies for the calculation to get an understanding of different operations. They learn the concepts of variable and function, as well as work with equivalences. All in all, they obtain a chance to maintain investigations, find solutions and provide reasoning. The second standard deals with measurement and geometry that are discussed together due to their practical relevance. In this framework, learners improve their understanding of size, shape, position, and movement. They focus on the properties of different objects and figures to reach geometric arguments. Finally, it is significant to consider statistics and probability. Students learn to identify critical data, analyze it and summarize its interpretation. They assess the likelihood and define probabilities due to the developed ability of critical thinking and reasoned judgment. This standard presupposes that students utilize both experimental and theoretical approaches when evaluating statistical information. What is more, they are expected to provide personal intuitions about particular data (ACARA, 2012). Descri
City Identification and Characteristics The current geographical profile is created for the city of Horn Lake, Mississippi, which is located in the southwest of the United States. According to the United States Census Bureau (2019), the city occupies an area of 16.02 square miles, with a population density of approximately 1,627 per square mile (para. 14). The city is governed by Mayor Allen Latimer, who has been in office since 2013 (“City of Horn Lake Mississippi,” n. d.). The overall population of the city is 27,127 individuals; 50.7% of them are white, and 42.8% are black or African American. The demographic characteristics of the population demonstrate that the majority of the citizens are in the age between 18 and 65, the majority of the population is constituted of female individuals (52%) (United States Census Bureau, 2019). Also, there is a higher rate of citizens younger than 18 years in comparison to those aged 65 and more. The information on employment and opportunities demonstrates the economic characteristics of the community. Approximately 70% of all population is employed in the civilian labor force; 1,772 business entities are registered in the city (United States Census Bureau, 2019). Median household income is estimated at approximately $47,200 (as of 2018), while the rate of poverty in Horn Lake is 16.2% (United States Census Bureau, 2019). The opportunities are conditioned by the organizations that operate in the city. They include engagement at multiple facilities, such as manufacturing of food, service industry, education, recreation, health care, and others. Strengths and Weaknesses Considering the provided data about the city, several strengths and weaknesses of the geographical unit might be presented. Firstly, the city’s strong aspects include its prevalent young employable population, as well as the overall institutional perspectives for social improvements as provided by the government of the city (“City of Horn Lake Mississippi,” n. d.). However, there are numerous weaknesses that impose a number of problems for the City of Horn Lake. They include a significantly high level of poverty, low insurance rates, where 13.4% of the population do not have health coverage, and insufficient resources for food security (United States Census Bureau, 2019). Due to the weaknesses identified in the analyzed geographical unit, there might be several social problems that are relevant to the citizens. Social Problems that Impact the City One of the issues that are based on economic factors is food insecurity. Since many people live in poverty and do not have the means to access nutritious products, the problem of food security reaches a high level of significance. Also, the issues of health care tend to be prevalent due to the significant number of people without insurance, and those with disabilities (United States Census Bureau, 2019). The provision of care to particular population groups might need improvement in terms of accessibility and quality. Also, the issue of drug abuse and violence i
Introduction Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer of the transitional period (Solomon, 1998). Beethoven was born on 17 December 1770 in Cologne, Germany and died on 26 March 1827 in Vienna, Austria (Ludwig van Beethoven, 2011). History judges Beethoven as the greatest composer to have ever lived. This unmatched praise comes out of the fact that Beethoven dominated the musical history of his time in an extraordinary manner. Beethoven conveyed the philosophy of life through his music compositions. Historically, Beethoven’s composition borrows attributes from the Classical era composers like Haydn and Mozart. Moreover, Beethoven’s art extends a spirit of humanism and incipient nationalism that had just surfaced at the end of the Classical period (Ludwig van Beethoven, 2011). The humanism and incipient nationalism theme is visible in the works of other composers like Goethe and Friedrich von Schiller both from Germany (Mai, 2007). Other than extending the theme of humanism and incipient nationalism, Beethoven also radically changed morality as portrayed by Kant (Mai, 2007). Furthermore, he also changed the ideals of the French revolution, extending an emphasis on the importance of a passionate concern for the observance of individual freedom and dignity (Ludwig van Beethoven, 2011). Some of Beethoven’s compositions strongly assert the human will. Beethoven was not a Romantic composer; however, there are characteristics in his works that indicate his influential role on how the works of the Romantics turned out. According to Beethoven, music embodied more emotions than a painting would do. Therefore, he explored all the available scopes of compositions that he could. The result of this endeavor was an overall expansion of the various scopes such as sonata, symphony, quartet and concerto (Ludwig van Beethoven’s biography, n.d). His attempts were the first for any composer and therefore Beethoven is arguably the innovator. Another important innovation credited to his name was the first combination of vocal and instrumental music (Ludwig van Beethoven, 2011). Another first for Beethoven was his struggle against life’s disadvantages and the fact that he literally lived from the proceeds of his music without having to do composition when he did not feel like doing them. In this regard, it is worthwhile to observe that Beethoven suffered from an encroaching deafness condition, and most of his notable compositions occurred during his last 10 years of living when he could practically not hear. Beethoven sold his works and offered them commercially for
Historical-cultural context The given writing was primarily influenced by Roman and Greek soldiers as an illustrating manifestation of God’s soldier and warrior. In ancient times, during a battle, a warrior’s body was vulnerable in many places to inflicting fatal or serious wounds either with an arrow, or with a sword, or with a battle-ax. Military operations on the battlefield or hand-to-hand combat required maximum security, which would not hinder freedom and speed of movement. For about two thousand years from Abraham to Paul, two types of armor were widely used in the biblical world: a helmet and a shield. In the Greco-Roman period, armor became widespread, although scaly-type armor began to be used by the middle of the second millennium BC. Some armies used plates for legs or greaves (Stott 141). The literary context is that in the Old Testament, in stories about the history of Israel, people can see many references to armor, as well as related images. Most often, the armor served as a metaphor for God’s protection of the righteous. Helmets, along with shields and armor, were the usual weapons of warriors during the reign of Israel. The author’s flow starts in a highly calm manner, but it becomes more commanding and stricter in order to call to action. Call to Be Strong (6:10) Paul calls on believers to be strengthened by the Lord and by the power of His power, and it is talked about a force that overcomes all resistance – that which Christ performed miracles. That is, believers can be strengthened both by the Lord Himself and by the means and resources at His disposal. Paul is nearing the end of his letter, and he makes an exciting appeal to the whole family of God as soldiers of Christ. Every child of God will soon learn that the life of a Christian is an ongoing battle. Satanic hordes in every possible way try to hinder the work of Christ, destroy it, knock down His soldiers (Ehorn 350). The more a believer brings fruit to the Lord, the more violent the attacks of the enemy; the devil does not spend bullets on those who only call themselves Christian. Therefore, the first commandment in preparation is to constantly be strengthened by the Lord and the limitless resources of His power. The best soldiers of God are those who are aware of their weakness and inefficiency and rely only on Him in everything. People’s fault places itself under the protection of the power of His strength. Call to Put on the Whole Armor of God (6:11-12) Purpose: Stand Against Devil (6:11) The form of the Greek imperative mood, in which the verb “clothe yourself” stands, indicates that the responsibility for carrying out this action lies with believers who should put on God’s armor as soon as possible. A detailed description of this “full armor” could have been the result of the apostle observing the Roman soldier who was guarding him while awaiting trial. The second commandment emp
There is a common belief that people get what they deserve and, if their actions are not for good, they will not receive any good in return. However, two stories about Good Little Boy and Bad Little Boy by Mark Twain prove that such an algorithm does not always the case. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, The Story of the Good Little Boy narrates about the boy who makes incredible efforts at being good to the surrounding people, although it brings in no recognition on the part of the community. Yet, The Story of the Bad Little Boy focuses on Jim’s bad and even unlawful acts that were never punished or disregarded. The contrastive children’s prototypes embody significant symbolic meaning that relates to controversial issues of the epoch. Thus, the purity and innocence of actions is replaced by the distorted dogma on the original sin. The corruptive perspective of urban industrialization, as well as expanding commerce, predetermines the development of a new society with immoral and materialized values. In a highly industrialized society, good actions are not justified without a price. The discussions about unjust and immortal treatment of Native Americans and slaves at the end of the nineteenth century are exemplified in the documents under analysis because they paradoxically deny the universal values. Instead, the emphasis is placed on the values that correspond to societies’ industrialized and consumerist views. Hence, ethnic minorities need to make efforts to be recognized in a dominating society. The Good Little Body Jacob is of Eastern origins whereas the Bad Little Boy Jim is the representative of the white population who is endowed with all privileges of capitalist society. Both stories refer to the necessity to establish conformity with the primary values of industrialization that relate directly to material rather than spiritual wellbeing. As an example, in the Story of the Good Little Boy , Twain remarks, “Whatever this boy did he go into trouble. They very things the boys in the books got rewarded for turned out to be about the most unprofitable things he could invest in” 1 . Although Jacob strives to commit good actions, his genuine intentions are not altruistic. Twain’s narrations illustrate children’s deeds that proceed with higher awareness of moral integrity undermining the status quo. In particular, children’s behavior is rebellious against the existing unjust and inhumane treatment. The corrupted environment, therefore, is seen through presenting the reverse outlook on morality. Thus, the bad boy is illustrated as constantly justified despite his unjust actions whereas good boy undergoes significant troubles in his effort to bring in good and morale. At the same time, each of the stories have certain contradictions, which makes the readers believe that bad boy co
Economic inequality is a serious issue affecting people all over the world. It means the gap in wealth, assets, and income between the rich and the poor. The problem of economic inequality exists both within countries and among nations. Based on the financial aspect, the population is divided into the upper, middle, and lower classes, which affects the wellbeing and living standards of individuals. This paper aims to discuss the findings of three articles about economic inequality and relevant issues. In the United States, the problem of income inequality affects many people and is widely discussed. According to Desilver (2014), the country’s “income inequality is the highest it’s been since 1928” (para. 3). Besides, the U.S. is among the top unequal countries compared to other developed nations. As Desilver (2014) states, the income gap between white and black people is another problem, with an approximate difference of $27,000 in median household incomes as of 2011 (para. 5). As can be seen, this tendency contributes to other social issues, such as racial disparities. At the same time, only about a half of the population is aware of the problem and concerned about the income inequality in the U.S. Desilver (2014) reports that “while the highest-earning fifth of U.S. families earned 59.1% of all income, the richest fifth held 88.9% of all wealth” (para. 7). Therefore, wealth inequality is an even bigger issue than income inequality. The problem of unequal distribution of wealth is related to other social issues. In particular, some researchers study the problem of the high cost of childcare, which has a negative impact on maternal employment. According to Ruppanner et al. (2019), “mothers’ odds of full-time employment are lower and part-time employment higher in states with expensive childcare and shorter school days” (p. 1). Short school days and a lack of family and childcare policies that support parents in raising children while working are major barriers to the labor market reentry for mothers in the United States. As a result, many of them decide to stay home and take care of children instead of getting back to work. It is important that states develop policies that reduce income and gender inequality in families with children. Another problem related to income inequality is the relationship between people from various socioeconomic groups. A study by Malacarne (2017) examines friendships between secondary school students from households with different wealth and income levels. Social connections that develop in schools impact people’s self-image, academic achievement, and success in life. The research by Malacarne (2017) reveals that “the frequency of friendships between students from different racial or socioeconomic groups is systematically associated with both individual- and school-level factors” (p. 11). It is important to promote diversity and support students in developing social ties among different groups. As a result, the environment of empathy, understanding, and encourageme
In order to make visitors stay longer hours at Ocean Park Hong Kong, the administration can follow the experience and examples of other amusement parks, including Disneyland. One can state that the focus should be on the most profitable events and performances that are appropriate to attract the audience. Potential options for the managers of Ocean Park Hong Kong to make visitors spend more time in the park should be discussed in detail. While referring to the example of Disneyland, it is possible for Ocean Park Hong Kong to organize fireworks every day, but they should be supported by night shows with acrobats, equilibrists, musicians, singers, and dancers. This approach will make the performance more vivid, impressive, and recognizable for the audience. In addition to fireworks, there should be different types of fire shows that are conducted daily. Moreover, it is possible to add regular weekly performances with trained animals, hoopers, tightrope walkers, and magicians in order to entertain the public in different locations in the park day and night. Furthermore, in Marine Land of the park, it is recommended to organize the performances of water acrobats. Another category of entertainment for the public should include a variety of thematic parades and celebrations. Parades held at Ocean Park Hong Kong can include the animal character parade and different types of parades that are held to celebrate certain national, local, and fictional holidays. In addition, it is possible to organize small daily parades and crowded weekly thematic parades. Thus, weekly thematic celebrations can attract more visitors during weekends and make them spend more time and resources in the park. One more approach to attracting the audience is to organize thematic food festivals as well as festivals that are devoted to national and international cuisine. It is possible to hold regular thematic festivals as well as to focus on conducting special events in permanent food courts in order to make the public visit the place. In such a large territory as Ocean Park Hong Kong, there should be several food courts and fields for conducting food festivals in order to attract more people and address their needs. It is also possible to plan, organize, and conduct a range of events, performances, shows, and festivals that are directly related to the Chinese culture and the local culture of Hong Kong. These events will be interesting to those tourists who visit Ocean Park Hong Kong. The focus should be on holding regular dragon festivals and carnivals, as well as on the celebrations of traditional Chinese holidays. Moreover, visiting Panda Village, for example, should also be accompanied with observing some specific shows for the public, during which it is demonstrated how to feed and care for pandas. Despite the fact that these proposed events, performances, and festivals are actively used to attract the audience in many amusement parks around the globe