ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It was difficult to choose among the early 20th Century works, as they are particularly attractive to me. However, I finally settled on the works of Marc Chagall, Wassily Kandinsky, and Joan Miro. The four works chosen have several things in common in addition to their era and type. All of the works are about people and civilization, and they are filled with a pure delight in life, a zest for living and joy. While the styles are abstract, their content is not totally unrecognizable. They handled color quite differently, and their methods of creating shapes and shadows are unique to each artist to the point that each artist’s work is easily identified from its unique treatment of the shape of objects and the use of light and shadow. Two works of Kandinsky were included: one from his early work and one from the later period. In spite of his maturity as an artist by the time of the later work, his style is marked in both paintings. His treatment of color in the twenty years between In Grey and Composition X has actually become, to me, less refined. The colors are purer in Composition X, and the objects are sharply defined against a black background, perhaps suggesting our place in the universe. I preferred the muted colors, the varied textures and shading, and the interesting multiple angles and planes of the earlier work. However, the later work is possibly more accessible, and the people are much easier to see. There is a delight in the entire landscape of “In Grey,” perhaps in his whole environment, but the artist seems to not have placed himself in the picture at all, since the geometric planes are not aligned, with some at odd angles, there is no way to tell from which viewpoint the artists is painting. It seems as if he moved each time he painted a different part of life, a different section of the canvas. Perspective is mixed and a bit jumbled, but this is part of the painting’s great attraction. The later painting is actually much simpler in its content, expressed in sharper, cleaner lines, but perspective is completely absent. The players/dancers are floating in space, unattached to the earth. Some quotes from Kandinsky explain some of what I have observed. “Black is like the silence of the body after death, the close of life.” (Wassily Kandinsky, 1911). “Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the harmonies, the soul is the piano with many strings.” (Web Museum, Paris 2008) According to the Web Museum, Kandinsky was an accomplished musician, and he claimed that he heard music when he saw color. The music is certainly in his paintings, both in the presence of musical objects, the suggestion of movement, and the placement of objects on the canvas, which seem to form a visual harmony in images that are anything but static. Since the requirement was to choose three words, I would use the later Kandinsky, which a
It is important to measure the effectiveness of any investment. One of the strategies used to evaluate the effectiveness of investment (and the campaign) is to measure the return on investment (ROI). To identify the return on investment, it is important to know net profit and cost of investment (Zook & Smith, 2016). It is necessary to divide net profit by the cost of investment. To identify the net profit, it is necessary to subtract the cost of investment from the revenue from investment (Zook & Smith, 2016). The formula for the assessment of the effectiveness of investment will be as follows: ROI = (revenue from investment – cost of investment) / cost of investment The use of this formula is a simple way to identify the effectiveness of investment as it will be easy to measure the amount of revenue. The number of times the videos were viewed through YouTube is another important measurement. Of course, if more people watch the video, more people will know about the college and its programs. The campaign will be successful if as many people as possible watch the video. However, understanding of the amount of revenue and assessment of the number of people who watched the ad are only a part of the evaluation process. It is important to take into account other factors. For example, it is necessary to analyze some benchmarks existing in the industry. It is possible to carry out a survey to assess the effectiveness of the campaign. The students of the college can complete the questionnaires on the campaign. It is important to find out whether students learned more about the college, whether they find the ad interesting and helpful. It is also possible to ask people living in the city complete short surveys (Phillips, Trotter & Phillips, 2015). People can be asked questions right in the street. This method will help evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign as the researchers will identify the level of populations’ awareness of the college and programs. One of the most important benchmark is the size of the community created (Phillips, 2012). To attract more students, partner
American history is full of tragic and controversial moments. The very formative years of the American nation, i. e. the first decades after the War of Independence, were marked by the young nation’s trying to defend its independence. However, the further development of the American state proved to be rather aggressive and destructive. Of course, the country itself developed, expanded, and gained international political authority, but the domestic policies the US government implemented were rather controversial. One of the most argued episodes in US history is the anti-Native policies that reached their peak during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. The early 19 th century was the time when American Indians were forcefully moved to the West of the country or killed by the US military. The book under consideration in this paper, “Mountain Windsong: A novel of the trail of tears” by Robert Conley depicts the events of those times showing the tragedy of the Indian people of the Cherokee tribe. Thus, the major topic of the book by Robert Conley is the history of the Cherokee people to which he himself belongs. The very book presents the communication of two Indians, an aged Grandpa and his grandson LeRoy during which Grandpa tells the boy about all the misfortunes of their tribe back in the 19 th century. What is also worth noticing is that the title of the book reflects one of its plotlines – namely the love story of the two Indian people, Oconeechee and Whippoorwill. Having heard the wind blowing like a song in the mountains, LeRoy asks Grandpa if he heard the same, and Grandpa puts his explanation of it in the historical context: “It’s the lovesong of Oconeechee and Whippoorwill.” (Conley Pg.6) Developing the story, Grandpa tells LeRoy about the governmental actions towards the Cherokee people, and explains that the Indians hesitated whether they should go to the West willingly or fight to death for their native lands. As for the motivations the US government had to kill Cherokees and want their resettlement to the West, Grandpa sees the reality as it is: “Well, It’s kind of hard to say…But mostly, I think, they just wanted all our land. I think that’s why they wanted to kick us out.” (Conley Pg.10 – 11) Further on, two plot lines are developed in the book – the love story of Oconeechee and Whippoorwill and the Indians’ removal to the West. The former turns out to be tragic as Whippoorwill dies after one of the battles, while the latter takes the form of genocide against the Indians: “I fought through the civil war and have seen men shot to pieces and slaughtered by thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the crudest work I ever knew.” (Conley Pg.81) Drawing from all this
Introduction Education is widely considered the foundation of our modern civilization. Through advances in education, humankind has been able to achieve tremendous technological and social advances. Traditionally, nations have made use of education systems that are specially structured to suit the needs of the country. This system was adequate since the interaction between nations was limited and each nation could afford to disregard what was going on in other countries. However, the past century has been marked by an increased interaction between nations. This interaction has highlighted the important role that education plays in the growth and development of a country. Educators have acknowledged that each nation can benefit from the education system of other nations. Specifically, the interaction between students and teachers of different nations has promoted the transfer of knowledge and expertise between national systems of education. In addition to this, interaction between students of different nationalities and cultures can help solve some of the challenges of the modern multi-cultural world. With these considerations, many scholars and government have begun to promote an international education. Advocates of international education deem it crucial to the future prosperity of a nation in an increasingly interdependent and multicultural world. This paper will provide an in-depth discussion of international education, highlighting its features, aims, and most significant impacts to society. International Education: A Definition Kieran defines international education as “all educat
Introduction Visual arts in the context of West, especially during the Gothic period are credited with some profound achievements where it is seen to have led to the rediscovery of an effectual means of presenting the human racial variation. Special attention was dedicated to representations of black Africans, and the imperial dynasty of Hohenstaufen increasingly started to portray a remarkable allure with the black people. These developments can be viewed to have been the beginning of recognition and appreciation of African people by the West. With time, the African image in the eyes of some West citizens changed positively while others maintained their original views about the Africans; they continued to regard Africans as “the most valuable goods” as slave trade thrived (Fracchia p.24). Therefore, the discussion and analysis of this paper will largely explore how the image of Africans changed and remained the same in the eyes of the European between 1400 and 1600. Africans in the Middle Age During the early days of the middle ages, the black people were generally regarded as evil both in writing and picture, a scenario that remained undisputed until the 12th century when a more positive and encouraging picture about Black people gained grounds (Kaplan 29). For example, during this period, the mosaics of Pentecost cupola done in San Marco in Venice includes a pair of blacks as among the people to be converted by the apostles, and also a monastery of the Trinitarian order in Rome shows Jesus Christ saving both a white and black slaves from the suffering of slavery (Kaplan 29). In South Italy and Sicily for instance, black Moslems by this time had gotten some substantive recognition, and as a way of recognizing them, one of the gates of Islamic Palermo was given an African name since most of the residents of the city were black Africans. Towards the end of this period, the black Africans became special attention to many Chris
Introduction Although the issue of HIV/AIDS has been researched extensively over the past few decades, it still remains one of the key factors affecting the increase of the death toll in a range of states. Based on the 2013 estimation, 35,000,000 people have HIV/AIDS (Global statistics, 2014). Statistical data shows that of all areas, the Sub-Saharan Africa regions have been affected the most due to certain environmental, economic, and social factors, the number of HIV/AIDS patients estimating to a total of 24,700,000 people (Global statistics, 2014). In Kenya, a 5.6 prevalence of HIV and a 0.4 incidence thereof was registered in 2014 (Global statistics, 2014). While, compared to the previous records, there is a minor tendency for the HIV incidence to decline, the situation still beyond atrocious. As far as the key determinants of HIV/AIDS contraction in Kenya are concerned, heterosexual transmission and the disregard for the HIV status of the partner deserve to be mentioned first as the key source of the disease: “In Kenya, Uganda and Malawi, over 80% of all unprotected sex acts by HIV-infected persons occur with spouses or cohabitating partners” (Kaiser et al., 2011, p. 1). Age as Risk Factor As the study by Kaiser et al. (2011) shows, the people, who have reached the age of consent, are the most vulnerable denizens of the Kenyan population. The specified age group includes both men and women, aged 18 (Legal/statutory marriage in Kenya, 2015). However, seeing that the age of sexual activity in Kenya is 16 (Legal/statutory marriage in Kenya, 2015), the specified risk group should include men and women aged 16–17 as well. One should also mention that the children of the Kenyan married couples are also under a major threat due to the vertical HIV/AIDS transmission (Forbes et al., 2012). Compare While the issue of HIV/AIDS contraction in Kenya is clearly becoming increasingly more significant, compared to some of the European states, Kenya seems to be showing a rather positive tendency. To be more accurate, while being the state with the highest rate of HIV/AIDS patients, Kenya has still been displaying certain progress over the past few years, including the aforementioned reduction in the number of HIV/AIDS contractions. Some of the European states, in their turn, have been showing a dangerous downgrade in HIV/AIDS prevention. For instance, in 2011, 1,300 incidents of HIV/AIDS-related deaths were registered (European HIV and AIDS statistics, 2011). Although the specified statistics are barely significant compared to the mortality rates enhanced by the HIV/AIDS issue in Kenya ( correspondingly), France could make much better use of the technological advances that are at the disposal of the French healthcare services. Conclusion Nevertheless, when comparing the data without attributing it to the level of economic development within the state, the social issues, and the financial concerns, one still has to admit that the difference between the Kenyan and the French HIV/AIDS statistics is rather drastic. While in France, there are thousands of people that have HIV/AIDS in Kenya, there are
Introduction According to Giebels, concurrent engineering refers to the design of a product’s lifecycle through the use of design team, production tools and automated engineering (46). The concept of concurrent engineering emphasizes on the interdependence between equipment and people in the design and lifecycle of a product. Developing a unique product design requires a close coordination between human resource and machines. Phases of concurrent engineering In the manufacturing sector, firms have come to realize that people must work closely with the machines to help in reducing operational costs, and improving quality of the products (Micky 12). The figure below shows different phases of concurrent engineering. Figure 1: Phases of concurrent engineering Source (Sullivan, Erevelles, and Gwan 2) As shown in the figure above, the initial stage of concurrent engineering is the identification of the components of the design system. They include the machines and people who are expected to take part in the design of a given product. As Dickey says, the computers used must be relevant to the product that is to be designed ( World 206). It must have the relevant software and capacity to come up with the exact features desired of the product. The people involved must know what they are looking for out of a produc. They must also know how to use the computers to come up with the designed which is desired. The second step is the design itself. According to Turkle, this is one of the most complex stages of concurrent engineering (82). At this stage, the designers will try to come up with a product that is new in the market. It is important to note that the computers used do not come up with the design of a product. They only aid in the process of developing the design. The designers must think of the right features of the product, including shape, size, color, and other designs of the product. It may take a long time to design an acceptable product that is acceptable in the market. The next step is the development of a prototype. In many cases, Condric says that a team of designers may not come up with a successful product in the first attempt (340). For instance, the first prototype may meet the primary needs of the target customers but may fail in other aspects. The team may be required to adjust the prototype till it meets the expectations of the targeted customers. The fourth step is the initial production where samples of the product are taken to the market to test its acceptability. If it is accepted, then the final stage will be to launch it (Holden 202). During the launch, the product is manufactured in mass and distributed to different markets. Applications of Concurrent Engineering Concurrent engineering is applied in the manufacturing sector (Ylvisaker 15). The main advantage of this technology is that it helps manufacturers to design products which meet the expectations of the customers in the best way possible by including all the features that they desire using computers. It makes the manufacturing process simpler than
Study Design The research under analysis uses a purely experimental design to collect the data and present its findings. The considered research also makes use of independent and dependent variables, with the former being the scaling rules, and the latter being the effectiveness of fire scaling in experimental and realistic conditions. The analyzed research was conducted as a combination of the empirical experiments and descriptions of experimental studies carried out by prior scholars. The rationale for such a research design was to establish certain scaling rules that would allow testing the fire resistance of objects in realistic conditions. Problem and Objective The authors of the research under analysis argue that the necessity of scaling rules to scale the fire threats and model the fire resistance of objects in realistic fire conditions is rather vital. Accordingly, the primary goal of this study was to find out what are tests, if there are any, would allow making the fire conditions as much closer to real fires as possible. The findings of the analyzed study were viewed as actual help to the fire fighting departments in their assessments of fire risks and potential damages. Moreover, the findings of this study can be viewed as a step forward in developing adequate scaling rules and systems for fire tests. Literature Review The literature review of the study under analysis addresses first of all the ideas expressed by prior scholars regarding the applicability of various fire tests. One of the research works examined in the literature review focuses on the methodology that allows developing appropriate fire testing systems for testing the fire resistance of structural components. Further on, the research examined in the literature review addresses the issues of half-scaled and fully-scaled tests and discusses the pros and cons of each of the testing approaches. Apart from mere summarizing of the previous research findings, the authors of the analyzed study address the point of the inappropriateness of some of those findings for the experiments intended for their research. At the same time, instead of recommending some further research to be carried out, the authors move on to conducting their own experiments. Sample The notions of sample and sampling are obviously not applicable to the article under analysis. It does not deal with people, their perceptions, attitudes, or ideas. Instead, the research by Wang, Perricone, Chang, & Quintiere (2008) focuses on various ways in which fires can develop in natural conditions. Therefore, the only way to apply the idea of sampling to the analyzed study is to consider the phenomena of heat loss through vent and heat loss through compartment walls as the studied research samples. Data Collection The method used for data collection was the purely experimental one. The researchers constructed two different compartments to test the “small” and the “large” fires as the ones burning for 15 and 60 minutes respectively. The compartments have sizes and materials proportionate to the burning time of the fires they were designed to test. Measurement and Analysis The measurement and analysis of the
Imagery is one of the strongest elements used in literature, and especially in poetry. It is one of the major means which is often used in order to develop the theme of the tale. There are many types of imagery used in the poetry: nature imagery, imagery of smell, view and hearing, weather imagery, etc. Symbolic imagery is one of the strongest means available to the authors too convey the message. The most commonly used elements of imagery are taken from nature. Indeed, the elements of nature have deep philosophical and cultural context, thus, they presents a great help to the writer when developing a particular theme. Moon imagery is often used in literature, especially in Asian, because moon is very symbolic and takes a very significant place in the Vietnamese life and culture. The story of Kieu is considered to be a masterpiece and it is well known to every Vietnamese. The author uses symbolic imagery of the moon in order to develop the theme of morality. This imagery explores the character of the main hero of the tale, Kieu, and moral choice that she faced. Using the moon, the author demonstrates the purity of the soul of the main character despite harsh conditions of her life. In particular, the author addresses symbolic imagery of the moon when talking about mental state of Kieu, her appearance and how she managed to remain the same girl as she was before the events. For Vietnamese, The Tale of Kieu became, “a kind of continuing emotional laboratory in which all the great and timeless issues of personal morality and political obligation are tested and resolved (or left unresolved) for each new generation” (Swensson n. p.). Thus, it is no wonder that the author uses the uses the imagery of the moon in order to explore the mental state of the main character in situations that she encounters in her life. First of all, the author refers to moon when describing the purity of Kieu’s first love, “The stark bright moon was gazing from the skies/ as with one voice both mouths pronounced the oath” (Du line 25). Moon is associated with the Keeu’s mood. The mood is bright, as well as the mood. We meet the image of the moon each time when Kieu is happy, or when the situation is positive. For example, when she comes back home after a long time, “the waning moon shines more than at its full” (Du 161). The girl is happy and the moon shines brightly. However, moon is a symbol of not a good mood only, bu