ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction   * Gun control and ownership: an item of constant discord in modern American society;   * Gun control regulations: no homogeneity across the states;   * Concealed carrying: a very common measure in most states;   * Necessity to abandon the idea of gun control;   * the only measure to resolve the conflict. The question of gun ownership has been weighing on the agenda of the American social, political, and legal discourse for several decades, yet with no tangible outcomes. While gun ownership in the form of concealed carrying is allowed in all states, some of them are quite adamant about the necessity to control the ownership of firearms and prohibit the public display of owning it (Barna, 2019). History   * Time lapse of gun ownership and control: unceasing debates for decades;   * Factors spurring the aggravation of the conflict: recent mass shootings and other gun-related crimes;   * Connecticut and Stoneman Douglas High School shootings (Barna, 2019);   * Current opinion: possession of firearms leads to rise in crimes;   * Logical fallacy: gun control laws may not impede the ownership of firearms. While the issue of gun ownership has never been an easy dilemma in the first place, recent mass shootings in public places, including schools, have complicated the matter even further (Stansfield & Semenza, 2019). Overall, the consensus seems to be that the possession of firearms has begun to pose a significantly higher threat to public well-being, being a potential cause of death of innocent bystanders (Morain & Crifasi, 2019). However, the argument above seems to lack consistency. Nonetheless, the notorious and tragic events such as mass shooting at Columbine, as well as much more recent Connecticut shootings, have proven that the problem needs to be addressed immediately. Problems with Gun Control Policies   * Absence of a consistent and coherent regulation for gun possession in most states;   * Presence of multiple half-measures that do not address the issue at its core;   * Age-related restrictions: efficient
Introduction Prophylaxis refers to therapeutic or community healthiness procedures carried out with the aim of putting off, as opposed to offering treatment or restoration to health of an existing condition (Community-Based Prophylaxis, 3). Prophylaxis is as well a means to curb an outbreak of infection, or reduce the signs of a person who has had exposure to an infection or germ. Principal prophylaxis involves any procedure that is carried out to put a stop to infection prior to its occurrence. An appropriate illustration of this is having one’s teeth proficiently cleaned by a dental practitioner. This exercise goes a long way in putting to a stop bacterial plaque, tooth rot, and gum infection. Resulting prophylaxis involves measures that help put a stop to contagion following contact with an infection, or to play down signs linked with a sickness or fitness state. For instance, if a medical practitioner gets infected with the HIV/AIDS virus, they will take an antiretroviral medication to assist them keep contraction of the ailment at bay. Immunizations are an appropriate case in point of prophylaxis. Vaccinations are used to make certain that the receiver does not catch a given ailment, for that reason doing away with the likeliness of a requirement for therapy later in life. On a broader extent, urgent situation preparedness is a further type of prophylaxis. In view of the fact that epidemics can come about in devastating circumstances, being geared up for such an occurrence reduces the requirement for ultimate cure. Condoms are branded as prophylactics since they help put a stop to maternity and the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Antibiotics are in given times utilized as prophylactics when the affected role has got contact to an ailment or germ such as anthrax, to minimize the signs or secondary effects from the contact. Anticoagulants are administered to those persons who are ill with heart and blood vessel ailment(s). In most times these patients take a day after day prescribed amount of acetylsalicylic acid in the type of over the counter medications. These medications assist in thinning of blood and as a result lessens the danger of blood coalesces that leads to
Introduction and Summary of Readings The spheres of international monetary economics, political economy, and finance are considered to be the areas of numerous discussions and misunderstandings. In spite of the fact that certain groups of people have to gain control over the fields identified, as a rule, if some mistake or challenge takes place, almost all countries around the whole world have to undergo numerous changes, suffer from economic or financial, or even both crises, and be unable to take the actions which may improve the situation within a short period of time. One of the latest events which covered the whole world was the economic crisis of 2008. However, the main point is that this crisis is regarded as unpleasant surprise for many leading countries that was still predictable or even predicted. [1] In order to understand the reasons of the crisis and its effects of the economic and financial sectors, a number of researchers and economists try to offer their assumptions, ideas, and analyses. In this paper, attention will be paid to the works of three amazing economic writers: Joseph E. Stiglitz, Paul Krugman, and Robert Wade. Their ideas are captivating reflections on the economic crisis that took place in 2008 and covered the whole world. Each paper is a unique evaluation of the events and the possibility to explain what caused the crisis. “ Financial Regime Change? ” is Wade’s attempt to consider the political aspect of the regimes under which world economy is developed. What he offers is to focus on the “dominant ‘global’ model of financial architecture of the last two decades, the credibility of which has been seriously damages. [2] ” Krugman’s “ Can Europe Be Saved ” contains the information about the introduction of a single European currency as the “logical next step [3] ” and the events which took place in Europe to cope the crisis spreading over the whole world. Finally, “From Freefall: America, Free Markets, and the Sinking of the World Economy” by Stiglitz is the evaluation of the economic crisis and the financial sector in different developed and developing countries and their direct connection to the USA system. Analysis For a long period of time, it was not that easy to define true reasons of the economic crisis that caught the world in 2008. The conditions under which people could develop their financial operations, create dreams, and build plans seemed to be rather successful; however, one day, several countries faced a challenge defined as inability to control the housing bubble and perform the functions which were necessary to manage risk. [4] The world and the USA in particular were not ready to solve so many problems at the same time. The point is that the USA is the country that serves a successful example in different spheres of life for many developed and developing countries, and when it became evident that the country could not resist a number of real estate probl
Introduction and Patient History   * A 76-year old male patient.   * Had back pain.   * Used a cane for walking.   * An outpatient in a local hospital.   * Had the fractured vertebrae: L-spine # 3.   * Had kyphoplasty of compression fracture with a cement. This presentation introduces the case of a 76-year-old male outpatient. According to the patient, his chief complaint is back pain. The peculiar feature of the situation is that the man used a cane for walking. Taking into consideration his history, no information about the time periods was given, but the patient had kyphoplasty of compression fracture of his L-spine # 3 as a result of which the fractured vertebra was filled with cement. Background Information on the Pathology   * Trauma is located in the L-3 spinal segment – unknown reasons.   * Possible reasons are osteoporosis and ligamentous or anatomical changes.   * Increased axial force leads to a compression fracture.   * One million Americans have vertebral compression fractures (Donally & Varacallo, 2018).   * Kyphoplasty complications include infection, neurological deficit, and cement migration. The L-3 spinal segment is located in the middle of the lumbar spine and performs a crucial role in supporting the weight of a person’s torso. As a rule, compression fracture occurs when a part of a spine bone (vertebra) is compressed due to trauma or other reasons. The most common etiology for this condition is osteoporosis when fractures become fragile (Donnally & Varacallo, 2018). Ligamentous and anatomical changes may also lead to vertebra complications when the spinal column rotates around the axis center and provokes new axial force that leads to a compression fracture (Donnally & Varacallo, 2018). About one million Americans are diagnosed with vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), and 30% occur in the L2-L5 region (Donnally & Varacallo, 2018). Kyphoplasty is a safe procedure to improve the quality of life and functions of the spine, but it may include such complications as infection, neurological deficit, or cement migration (spinal or pulmonary). Imaging Techniques   * X-rays (radiography with anteroposterior and lateral views );   * MRI;   * CT scan. Although VCFs are common clinical problems in adult patients, they are not always clinically suspected because of non-specific presentations. Therefore, deep radiologic investigations are required to detect the problem. Radiography of anteroposterior and lateral views (X-rays) is recommended to identify prototypical wedge-shaped deformation of the vertebra (Patel & Carter, 2018). MRI helps to evaluate the chronicity of VCFs, and CT scan is used to define the extent of the fracture and kyphoplasty-related changes (Patel & Carter, 2018). Regular lateral radiographs are necessary to track the process of healing or fracture progression if any. Treatment Recommendations   * Medications:       + Pain relievers (e.g., Ibuprofen);       + Antibiotics (e.g., Amoxicillin).   * Surgery:       + Remove the source of infection (if any);
Introduction Professional development is very important in workforce. It enables co-workers to gain crucial skills paramount for success in their places of work (Balducchi et al, 2004). On top of this, professional development plans helps co-workers to grow professionally and execute the activities within their area of duty effectively. In addition, professional development motivates and changes the attitudes of co-workers (Mathews, et al, 2010). This is because workers are competent to perform their roles without difficulties. This ensures that companies achieve a faster growth within a short period. This report is a one-year professional development plan in the automobile industry. The plan targets co-workers to increase awareness of local employers and partnership. Awareness Strategies for Co-workers The challenges that come with unprecedented technological advancement in the working environment require competent co-workers. Rapid changes call for knowledgeable and skilled labor force (Beers, 2007). Employees should have a strong partnership with their local employers. On top of this, the workers should be flexible, adoptive, and focused on the goals of the enterprise or company in which they work. Employers should be in the forefront to ensure that their employees get the necessary training and encouragement for their development (Bissell and Dolan, 2012). Some of strategies to achieve partnership between employees and local employers are in the outline below. Employee Development and Training This is an initiative of employers for employees to access skills, interests, and enables workers to develop prowess in order to achieve employers’ set goal (Bissell and Dolan, 2012). Most of development plans should entail management development, supervisory skills, technical training, career development, basic, and professional skills as well as equipping them with computer literacy. This will improve their competitiveness and update them to the very competitive ICT world. The table below shows the professional development plan for the Chad vale ICT which, is an international company in UK Retrieved from http://chadvaleictmark.blogspot.com/2010/02/updated-action-plan-030210-impact-on.html 23 July 2012 This plan will enable the local employers to equip and upgrade the skills of employees to work to their full potential. On top of this, employees will be in a position to deal with changing demands of the job. Moreover, work
Introduction There are many industries in the United Arab Emirates especially in Ras Al Khaimah that engage in metal fabrication and other manufacturing activities. As a coursework requirement, Kadris Industries FZE was visited, and a report was prepared based on the results of the visit. Plant details The company that was visited is Kadris Industries FZE, which is an engineering company located in Ras Al Khaimah. The figure below shows workers painting one of the complete pieces outside the warehouse Source: (Kadris Industries FZE) The company deals with steel fabrication. It is also engaged in the making of metallic products such as doors and gates. It runs a small warehouse in the outskirts of Al Hamra Rakia Free Zone. In terms of workforce, the company employs ten workers to be involved in the production and other roles. The managing director oversees the operations at the company under the assistance of engineers, welders, fitters, and an accounting manager. The warehouse also does repairs and maintenance works to some of its products and other metallic house-building items for its clients. For the purpose of the report, several methods were used to obtain the required information from the company. The first part was the identification of the most appropriate company to visit, which had to be close to the neighborhood and relevant to the study. The next step was the formulation of the tools that would be used to collect the information from the company to allow the process of gathering more accurate and exhaustive results. A questio
Abstract Ethics is a necessity for organizations and human existence, without ethics, organizations or an individual action would be indiscriminate and purposeless. An ethical dilemma encompasses the decision to choose between two or more equitably satisfactory course of action, where one option constraints choosing the other, or obligation to choose amongst equally unacceptable options. Introduction The Economic Competitiveness Group, ECP is a global company consisting of professional planners, management consultants and economists dedicated in assisting clients attain viable economic success by embracing creativity, group based policy, distinct cooperative implementation practice and a multitude of associated organized and company building services (Economic Competitiveness Group, 2011). More specifically, ECG has aided regions to design and implement action based economic development strategies to achieve their needs. In enduring to empower its clients to achieve economic goals, ECG is faced with unethical dilemma of corruption (Economic Competitiveness Group, 2011). The weakness has been deeply ingrained in the organization as a precondition to win major contracts especially when competition exists among its competitors. This paper discusses two ethical theories. The paper also relates these theories in the operations of the ECG. Utilitarianism Theory Utilitarian theory tends to characterize an organization trend in fulfilling its needs of self as well as fulfilling the needs of other people. The principle in the utilitarian approach designates that; any action should incorporate certain principles, which create satisfaction, within oneself and others. According to Nina (2005), an action that results in the moral rectitude and content should always be viewed as very useful. As the theory asserts, an organization has to decide what is convenient for it to sustain integrity and remain unique among the others besides fulfilling the needs of its clients. ECG can incorporate this approach in assessing the unethical effect that corruption can stand in its quest for securing contracts from its clients. Thus, according to Nina (2005), any activity that provides mutual satisfaction is right, and any action that provides otherwise is unfortunate. The utilitarian theory provides a organization and the human ethical guidelines, that reinforces moral principles and practices. Kant’s moral approach This moral theory is also known as the obligatory theory (deontology). Kant’s
Introduction Both Sylvia Plath and Carol Ann Duffy are poets who broke new ground in contemporary world poetry. Their contribution to dramatic poetry, especially the confessional one, is truly immeasurable. Their works cover both fundamental topics such as life love, life goals, the value of life and its meaning, and very personal, even intimate, ones such as suicide, sex, and female virginity. “Lady Lazarus” and “Little Red-Cap” to be examined here belong to the second category. Although these poems have radically different plots, their authors use a persona, enjambment, oxymoron, metaphors, and references to religion and folklore to achieve the same goal, namely to share personal experiences and fears with readers. The Use of Persona Persona in Plath’s “Lady Lazarus” “Lady Lazarus” is a story of one’s suicide attempts written in the form of a dramatic monologue. The unknown protagonist shares with the audience their thoughts about their life path, previous attempts to kill themselves, and the upcoming one (Plath, 2018). Since the poem is a monologue about a very personal topic, namely suicide, which also intersects with the theme of mental disorders, it can be safely said that this work by Plath belongs to the genre of confessional poetry. According to Abbas (2019), “confessional poets reflect on subjects such as mental and physical illness, domestic breakdown, and sometimes about sexual dissatisfaction or frustration” (p. 3). The researcher also notes that confessional poems are conceptually very close to the religious ritual they partially originated from (Abbas, 2019). Therefore, one can say that “Lady Lazarus” is Plath’s attempt to confess to readers her attempts at suicide, which is a sin in many world religions. Here she uses the persona not to distance herself from the audience but to get closer to them to share her personal experiences and fears. Persona in Duffy’s “Little Red Cap” The persona function in “Little Red-Cap” is similar to that in “Lady Lazarus.” The female protagonist rapidly fell in love with a wolf, spent a 10-years with him, and then killed him because of a dull and repetitive lifestyle with zero life prospects (Duffy, 1999). Therefore, this Duffy’s work is also a confessional poem because its main themes are sex and relationships. Lines such as “I clung till dawn to his thrashing fur, for what little girl doesn’t dearly love a wolf?” clearly indicate it (Duffy, 1999, p. 3, Lns 21-22). The writer uses the persona to discuss her personal experiences and create an emotional connection with those reading the poem. As one can see, both authors resort to persona to create an original, Victorian effect in the audience’s minds (Hurley & O’Neill, 2012). By doing so, they effectively transfer their intended emotions and thoughts and convince readers that the experiences they describe are real. Enjambment and Oxymoron Both Plath and Duffy use literary devices such as enjambment and oxymoron. Enjambment is used to create a shocking effect that heightens the overall intended emotional impact on readers. “Dying is an art, like everything else” and “I do it exceptionally well” are clear examples of it
Introduction It is important for all business owners to know and understand the laws that affect their businesses. It is equally important to comply with those laws. Ignorance of the laws has never been a valid excuse in any Court of Law, and it never will be. As a business owner, it is your responsibility to know what laws affect your business. Since every business, in every state, in every country is different, the laws that affect your business may be different than the laws that affect other businesses. Employment Contract Law A contract of employment is a contract of service and comes into being when an employee agrees to work for an employer in return for pay. The employment contract sets forth the terms and obligations of the employer’s relationship with the employee. Most employment contracts are negotiable. After signing the employment contract, the employee and employer are both bound under the terms of the contract. The employment contract often gives the employer some control over when they can terminate an employee. Similarly, an employment contract can provide the employee with a sense of job security if it is for a set term. Here are come provisions & clauses in employment contract: Smoking in the Workplace This law adds “common areas” to existing regulations that prohibit smoking in the workplace. These” common areas” include lobbies, lounges, waiting areas, elevators, stairwells, restrooms, and covered parking lots (New Laws Will Affect Business Owners in 2007, 2006). Reporting of Overtime Hours Under existing law, California employers are required to provide employees with an itemized wage statement twice per month or at the time of payment of wages, and the wage statement must show the total hours worked (except in limited circumstances). Existing law also requires employers to record overtime hours worked in a payroll period on the pay stub for that period, but permits employers to pay those overtime hours in the next payroll period (New Laws will Affect Business Owners in 2007, 2006). Payment of Workers’ Compensation Death Benefits This law required workers’ compensation death benefits to be paid to the Department of Industrial Relations (DIR) when a deceased employee was not survived by a person entitled to a dependency death benefit. This law provides that a surviving employee’s dependent, heir, or other person entitled to a deceased employee’s accrued and unpaid compensation, is eligible to receive the workers’ compensation death benefits associated with the employee’s death. This new law clarifies that when a deceased employee leaves no total or partial dependents, the death benefits will be paid to the estate of the deceased employee rather than to the DIR (New Laws Will Affect Business Owners in 2007, 2006). Probationary Period The contract can include a probationary period and can allow for this period to be extended. The Unfair Dismissals Acts will not apply to the dismissal of an employee during a period at the beginning of employment when he/she is on probation or undergoing training provided