ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction With the growth of technology, art has taken to a new angle where artists now use computers as their main tool in the various art disciplines. There are various examples of digital art which include locative media, networking, generative drawing, information visualisation, wearable art, digital photography, digital performance, 3D animations, electro acoustic composition, as well as multimedia among others. The earliest digital images to be created made a debut in the 1950s courtesy of Ben Laposky who created images known as ‘oscillons’. The late 1950s saw a new breed of other artists who created artworks digitally and since then, the world of art has been revolutionary (Smith, 2008, pp. 1-3). This paper looks at the impact digital technologies have had on ideas about and uses of drawing in contemporary art. The impact digital technologies have had on ideas about and uses of drawing in contemporary art The impact of digital technology on traditional disciplines that include drawing has been huge and artists have had to transform their old ways of printmaking, painting and sculpture. The whole prospect has been very interesting and its amazing how artists now use computers to draw, paint and print out their pieces of art. This has demanded artists to be more creative in the formation of their ideas and they have also had to learn how to do what they love using computers (Davison, 2006, pp. 1-2). However, this has not failed to present some limitations since some tools like the ‘Scanner chrome’ are expensive and this has left out some artists from this technological process. There has also been a disparity between the work the artists do on the computer and the final job they print out. Many a time, the final job has come short of their expectations, factor that has been taken back to a computer’s settings. The major problem here has been the use of colour whereby artists have printed out drawings or paintings which fall short of the screen display. This has been attributed to the differences in colour value between the monitor and the printer. This is therefore leaving artists with no choice but to settle for projection of their artworks on big screens since they tend to loose their value upon printing. Digital technologies have also impacted negatively on the values of illusion and expression in the sense that drawings have lost their authenticity. Anything made on the computer is open to being copied and this has made many artists loose their originality. To produce one artwork, artists find themselves collaborating with hardware and software technicians and this makes the reproduced work a “team effort” kind of thing. This has amounted to numerous frustrations among the artist fraternity where many of them are disgruntled with the results. On the contrary, digital art has been applauded in that it is fast and flexible in the sense that artists get to finish their jobs fast. They also have the choice of editing their drawings on the computer without the ris
Introduction One of the main differences between human beings and animals is the ability of people to have a sense of belief in the existence of a super natural being that controls all the activities and events in the universe. Human beings have developed a very complicated belief in the existence and work of these super natural forces that has led to the establishment of different religions in the world. Some of these religions include Christianity which is practiced world wide in various forms. Christianity is derived from the word Christ which refers to Jesus Christ and is therefore used to mean behavior that is similar to that of Jesus Christ that is emulated by those who follow the Bible’s teachings. This term paper is aimed at outlining the background and interpretation of the resurrection in the New Testament as is evident in Christian’s lives. Definition of Resurrection Resurrection refers to the process where a dead body comes back to life. It is a very unique and shocking occurrence that medical scientists and contemporary philosophers have failed to understand or explain. This is due to the fact that death marks the end of human life and therefore breaks the association between an individual and the rest of the community. Death is a phenomenon that has no empirical formulae of studying or analyzing and it is only through religious intuitions that human beings try to unravel the mysteries behind the occurrence and aftermath of death and the life after. Background of the Resurrection The history of the resurrection is dated back to the beginning and life of Jesus Christ and is marked by a sequence of various events that hinted on the coming of Jesus Christ. Since life begun on earth people had always been born and lived for very many years before their death occurred (Keener 201). There were no strange occurrences of deaths as most of them involved the very old people who had reached their life expectancy limit and in fact gone beyond their time on earth. However, with time things and events changed and prophets came and went until the coming of Jesus Christ that was foretold by many prophets including Elijah and John the Baptist. Even though the cases of resurrection were unknown before the coming of Jesus Christ very few of them were actually recorded like the dry bones in the ‘Valley of Death’ that were prophesized by Prophet Elijah and they got muscles and became live human beings. With the coming of Jesus Christ that is heavily documented in the New Testament very many cases of resurrection were experienced and they were climaxed by the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Jesus performed many miracles regarding the resurrection of the dead and some of those people include Lazarus who had died, was buried and his body had stayed on the tomb for several days until he had begun to
In his book Either/Or, Søren Kierkegaard explores aesthetic perception of the life. In his opinion, such a worldview has several distinctions, but the most important ones are self-reflection and the ability to distance oneself from others. A person, who looks at life from this perspective, does not attempt to pass a moral judgment. Instead he or she is more interested in seeing the logical inconsistencies of life and the paradoxes of people’s behavior. Moreover, this individual derives enjoyment not from actual experiences, but from imagining these experiences. Søren Kierkegaard shows that that purely aesthetic life can be appealing, but it eventfully results in discontent and boredom. These are the most important ideas that should be discussed. It should be noted that Kierkegaard structured his book as a serious of memoirs and essays written by anonymous people. At the beginning, the speaker opens the discussion by arguing that a poet is a disenchanted and unhappy person who is able to express his feelings and ideas in a beautiful form. Similarly, an esthete is also dissatisfied with life, because this individual has to seek new experiences in order to struggle with boredom. In fact, the author describes boredom as the main enemy of an esthete. However, one should bear in mind that aesthetic life cannot be reduced to mere saturation of the senses. More likely, an esthete enjoys the idea of new experiences. For example, the speaker argues that if he could have asked for the most delicious wine, he would have rejected this offer. The mere idea of drinking this wine can be more pleasant than drinking, itself. Furthermore, in The Seducer’s Diary Kierkegaard shows that a person’s enjoyment does not come only from the sex, but from the act of seduction, itself. Overall, aesthetic worldview implies that a person should rely more on imagination, rather than physical experiences because the world of imagination is much richer than reality. Additionally, irony is an inherent part of aesthetic worldview. Kierkegaard argues that an esthete would prefer the ability to laugh to many other things such as long life, beauty, or youth. The thing is that such a person derives enjoyment from seeing the difference between human desires and the reality. This is how he or she can overcome boredom. This irony does not necessarily involve moral evaluation; mere observation of life’s paradoxes is sufficient for a person with an aesthetic worldview. Yet, this individual eventually comes to the point when there is nothing new to him or her. This lack of new sensations leads to the feeling of emptiness and perpetual discontent. Kierkegaard points to this idea at the very beginning, when the speaker mentions the sterility of his soul. Thus, the author warns the readers about the drawbacks of purely aesthetic life. On the whole, one should not assume that Søren Kierkegaard is altogether critical of aesthetic worldview. Some of its elements may be acceptable to him, especially irony a
Introduction Bacteria and viruses are the most common microorganisms associated with snacks sold in schools. They cause food spoilage and poisoning through reactions caused secretion of toxic substances (Chong, 2008). The severity of effect of microorganism on food snacks depends on type of microorganism that invades and contaminates food. Bacteria and viruses that cause food-related illnesses and complications include salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Listeria, clostridium perfrigens, and Norovirus (Eley, 2007). Microorganisms in snacks The main source of these microorganisms in snacks sold in schools is inappropriate methods of handling snacks and poor hygiene. This exposes students to risk of illnesses and food poisoning. Vendors do not adhere to standards of food safety that are required during food handling. The problem has persisted because many schools have not established policies to improve student safety and reduce risk of exposure to microorganisms. In addition, students have not taken initiative to demand stringent food safety policies. Ways to avoid adverse effects of microorganisms include adherence to food safety standards by vendors, proper hygiene. In addition, food handlers must possess knowledge on food contamination prevention methods. Clostridium perfrigens Clostridium perfrigens is common in meat and poultry products such as eggs. It is found in low quantities. Other harbors for the bacterium include soil, sewage, animal manure, and animal and human intestines. Symptoms of infection with clostridium perfrigens include severe abdominal pain and diarrhea that lasts several days (Chong, 2008). In rare cases, the bacterium causes nausea, vomiting, and fever(Food Safety 2007). It produces heat-resistant spores that enhance its survival at certain temperatures (May et al 2005). Poisoning from Clostridium perfrigens can be prevented by observing good hygiene when handling and coking food (Chong, 2008). Salmonella Highly infective species include Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium (May et al 2005). Salmonella is common in food including raw eggs, unpasteurized milk, poultry, egg products, and meat. It is also found in the environment. Salmonella is transmitted from one person to another through physical contact. Therefore, people infected with salmonella should maintain good hygienic standards to avoid infecting other people. Such hygiene standards include thorough hand washing using disinfectants. In addition, infected individuals should not be allowed to handle food (Montville & Mathews, 2008). Treatment for salmonella infections includes use of hypochlorite disinfectants, iodophors, and sanitizers. Campylobacter Campylobacter is a common cause of food poisoning. It is found in improperly cooked poultry and poultry products, contaminated water, and unpasteurized milk (Ridgwell, 2003). Symptoms of infection include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. In certain cases, diarrhea may contain blood. Prevention measures include a
Total Quality Pioneers The connotation of quality differs from person to person depending on individual considerations and interest. Organizations also have distinct internal measures or features of goods or services that they consider to be of adequate standard. Nonetheless, quality can be defined a feature or aspect of something or observable fact that can be seen and understood, and may be gauged, but which is immeasurable. Such attributes may include; attractiveness, sense, or taste. On the other hand, total quality is a technique of business that improves the tenets of consumer satisfaction. This eventually increases the competitive edge of an organization through constant enhancement of quality of all assets and commodities; such as products, services, human resources, and procedures. The aspects of total quality include; constant improvement of the value of products, practices, services, but lowering expenditure. Total Quality elements The issue of total quality is much more complex than quality. Generally, total quality encompasses the outcomes, quality of human resources, and practices. Pioneers of total quality comprise an imperative class of thinkers whose beliefs continue to uphold the concept of total quality in the world of business. Total quality is believed to be described and gauged by the end clients who benefit from a product or service; therefore, clients and business organizations are the main stakeholders to the creation and maintenance of total quality. It is notable that the manner in which quality pioneers employed the elements of total quality made the academics flourishing because they established a mechanism that yielded the greatest level of quality that end clients approved of (Goetsch, & Davis, 2010; Agarwal, Kumar, Swati, & Tyagi, 2011). The useful elements The contemporary wor
Local, state, and federal governments are inherently different in the scopes of their legal powers as well as limits on those powers (Payson, 2014). The existence of the layered approach to the limitation of the governmental powers hinges upon the implementation of federalism as a system of checks and balances that have been put in place to safeguard citizens of the US from excessive governmental corruption. Local governments are in a position to introduce value-driven services and control their implementation (“The role,” n.d.). However, the top-down approach of the federal government to state funding can impose significant budgetary limitations on the local healthcare delivery. Rural communities fundamentally differ from urban ones because the limited scale of political maps of country areas allows their residents to better control the functioning of their municipalities. Therefore, it can be argued that rural local governments are more efficient in performing their key functions. For example, people residing in rural areas can effectively change the political leanings of their representatives. Furthermore, union members have a higher level of bargaining power granted by local legislatures than their urban counterparts. It follows that local governments can impact the health of their residents by exercising their control over providers, which has positive connotations. However, they are unable to dissuade the federal government from cutting healthcare grants while simultaneously having to subsidize federal defense spending (Lav & Leachman, 2017).
The UK has a very liberal labor market with minimal legislative interference and no strict administration. To assess the working conditions of disabled people, one should turn to history. One of the first laws passed by the UK was the Employment and Employment of the Disabled Persons Act of 1944. This document introduced a system for registering and registering people with disabilities, provided measures to promote the employment of disabled people in rehabilitation and vocational training programs, and established a quota standard workplaces. According to this act, to ensure the employment of registered persons with disabilities, a specialized Employment Service was created, which monitors vacancies in the labor market that correspond to the capabilities and qualifications of registered persons with disabilities. In addition, a National Advisory Council for the Employment of Persons with Disabilities has been established. Over time, it became clear that, as in many other countries, the quota system turned out to be ineffective for several reasons: firstly, many enterprises were exempted from the obligation to reserve quotas, and secondly, the vast majority of entrepreneurs were not at all aware of the instructions for mandatory quota. These factors, exacerbated by a lack of resources, ultimately minimized the positive impact of implementing the law. The response to this was the abolition of the quota system and the adoption in 1995 of the Act on Non-Discrimination of the Disabled and a package of additional regulations, in particular, on the education of the disabled. In 2005, a necessary amendment to the Disability Non-Discrimination Act was passed, expanding its scope. It obligated public authorities to promote and ensure the equality of the rights of disabled people compared to all non-disabled workers. It was a significant step, enshrined in law, to eliminate the difference in working conditions and social protection of persons with disabilities, preventing discrimination. This act served as the basis for developing practical state assistance to the disabled. So, along with it, the state program New Deal for Disabled people – NDDP is now operating 1 . The program created a national network of brokers to help people with health problems, and disabilities find permanent employment. By mid-2004, nearly 100,000 people were registered as government brokers in this program 2 . For example, in the employment of persons with disabilities, innovative approaches such as fully paid short probation and temporary part-time work have become widespread. A strong emphasis was placed on an individual approach to each disabled person, so no more than 50 applicants were assigned to each broker. Along with the brokers, another state program called ‘Pathways to work’ had advisors – specially trained social workers, not just volunteers 3 . Counselors assist their beneficiaries throughout the process o
Introduction The interpretation of the Holy Scripture or biblical hermeneutics as it is also known has always been a subject of heated debate among theologians, scholars, and even literary critics. It is possible for us to single out several methods of analysis, such as for instance, contextual, cultural, lexical-syntactical techniques and so forth. It is necessary to show how various authors interpret biblical texts and how they approach this issue. In particular, we may focus on the Gospel of Mark, which is the shortest and probably the most controversial of the Christian volumes. For example, we may take such works as the article, A Case Study of Resurrection Revised , written by Allen Wesley, additionally, we may consider Johnsons Commentary on Mark 16 and finally, the interpretation of this pericope, presented by James Tracy at the site Anatheist.net. It is of crucial importance to show the perspective, from which they analyze the Gospel according to Mark. The use of various hermeneutic techniques Historic and cultural approaches As far as Allen Wesley is concerned, it is worth mentioning that the scholar gives preference to historical and cultural approaches while interpreting this text. He focuses on the audience of the Gospel and the impact, which it should produce on them. We should probably elaborate this statement: according to the author, Mark appeals mostly to the early Christians, the first followers of Jesus, who should build the new Temple of God or create a new religion, which would be different from Judaism (Wesley, p. 3). Allen Wesley believes that this is arguably the most important aspect of this text. Yet, we cannot limit his work to only historical and cultural frameworks, because he also examines the symbolism of the Gospel. Namely, he attracts our attention to such concepts as the temple and the empty tomb. In his view, Mark wants to tell Christians that they should seek Jesus (who has already departed the tomb) and follow his teaching in order to resurrect. Allen Wesley attempts to combine both allegorical and historic hermeneutics because such an approach provides room for discussion and enables us to advance various interpretations of this text. At first glance, it may appear that his treatment is the most objective because it incorporates both historical context and a
Introduction America’s economic development can be traced over several centuries ago. Economic historians in the United States have established America’s development to the 16 th , 17 th , and 18 th centuries during the period of intense colonization by the Europeans (Gilje 3). The earliest economic activity involved independent regions which were mostly engaged in farming. These small regions in the North American continent came together to form a block in 1776 which later acquired the name, the United States of America(Headlee 12). This merger saw the region register a significant growth in their collective economy and the subsequent quest for political unity through constitution making in 1787. For the over two centuries, the United Sates States of America has grown through ups and downs to its present industrialized economy which represents more than a quarter of the entire world’s collective economy (MacNally 10). The research paper seeks to provide an overview of America’s economy, particularly the free market. It will also focus on the rise of capitalism, especially through industrial development, government policies, and American values. The Free Market Economy It was in the late 18 th century that the present North America began to experience the need for some political and economic freedom. This was also motivated by the urge to gain independence from the colonialist, England. The agitation was fueled by the then high taxation rates by English powers among other emerging issues (Rhodes 2). Their demands for self-governance was furiously objected by the British and it only worsened the tension leading to the American Revolution in 1775 that saw fighting of all British masters and the ultimate independence of the then thirteen States of America (MacNally 210). The war could not end until eight years later when the tension eased out and the challenge for reconstruction emerged. In 1787, the American constitution was adopted and it governed all the states as a union with a shared market where interstate trade was not to bear any taxes or any form of tariffs (Gilje 37). The constitution also established that the unified states would be ruled by the federal government. The pioneer government leaders forged an economic formula for economic growth in the United States. The first ever secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton, proposed that economic progress would be achieved through the diversification of manufacturing, banking system, as well as shipping (Headlee 35). The new policies by Hamilton did last for about a decade despite the strong opposition from other government officials (MacNally 225). Subsequent changes at the helm of political leadership had direct impact on economy following the changing and the introduction of new economic policies. Economic reforms since the 18 th century through the 20 th century have seen America undergo significant economic transformations (Rhodes 43). Most economists have proposed that the establishment of free market helped in the economic achievements. Free mark