ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the United States, the key challenge faced by community college students is the lack of support and assistance because these individuals are often first-generation students, they can be described as non-traditional students, and they often represent vulnerable categories of populations. As a result, the lack of support to help them adapt to the campus culture and new academic environments can negatively influence the academic performance of many community college students who have low academic preparation and need assistance. One of the typical strategies to address this issue is mentoring, but the problem is that not all community colleges in the country have funds to implement effective mentoring programs involving the faculty and students. To solve the problem of the lack of mentoring in many community colleges of the United States, the national government should guarantee that all community colleges in the country are obligated by a decree to implement formal mentoring programs. Currently, faculty mentoring and student mentoring are proposed in not all community colleges, and they are not financed appropriately to attract mentors and make these programs work effectively. The next step is the provision of funding for formal mentoring programs in all community colleges in the country to finance the work of mentors from the staff and students. To address the discussed issue, it is necessary to target both legislative and executive branches of the national and state governments. The reason is that the authorities need to develop a decree according to which all community colleges will be obligated to implement formal mentoring programs, and they will be funded by the state, sponsors, and college resources. Also, it is necessary to guarantee that the policy or decree is enacted concerning the executive branch. They created a national interest group that supports the interests of community college students can influence government officials through institutional advertising, creating iron triangles and grassroots lobbying. The first step is to contact the authorities in those community colleges where there are no formal mentor programs and spread the information about the necessity of such programs through institutional advertising. This approach will allow for involving more interested parties and creating issue networks or iron triangles as the next step. It is important to attract the faculty members, influential persons who have graduated from community colleges, politicians, the members of MENTOR: The National Mentoring Partnership, and the representatives of the government to the iron triangle to make them formulate the petition to the government to address the discussed issue in higher education. The next step will be contacting the government by the iron triangle members as part of the grassroots lobbying strategy. Collective goods a
Introduction Discrimination in its most general form is the differentiation among persons to make decisions about those individuals and can occur based on legitimate factors (Aguirre and Turner 27). Discrimination traditionally has been defined as unjustified negative actions that deny “individuals or groups of people equality of treatment” (Allport 51 cited Aguirre and Turner 27). Discrimination on the grounds of sex or grounds of people’s married status is unlawful, except in certain special circumstances. However, employers and designated training bodies can take positive action to promote equality. Indirect discrimination occurs if conditions that effectively create discrimination are applied. These could be certain criteria on job specifications or advertisements if they tend to preclude women or men. The main causes of discrimination are racial prejudices, gender, national and religious stereotypes, social categorization, and sexual orientation. The causes of discrimination Racial prejudices are caused by a
Introduction Humanism was one of the major facets of the Renaissance period that lasted from 1400 to 1650. Originating in Italy, humanism movement during the renaissance reveals human shift from the medieval tradition that was strongly linked to pious religious motivation in arts and literature to adopt a new way of life in which secularism and materialism were appreciated (Davies, Hofrichter, Jacobs, Roberts and Simon 71). Money and enjoyment of life replaced pious attachment to the religion. In ‘Madonna and a Child with an Angel’, Botticelli appears to have deviated from the early art styles that were largely influenced by the religion. In this case, it is worth noting that the use of lines, colors, shades and shapes are renaissance in nature, the theme is religious but a number of aspects provide evidence of humanism in the work. Analysis of humanism in the painting Statistical background Popularly known as Botticelli, Allesandro Filipepi was a renowned painter born in Florence, Italy, around 1444 and died in the same city in 1510. This painting is one of his early works, which provide evidence of his experimentation with new ideas during the renaissance. Developed in 1468, the painting measures 35 by 26-3/4 inches and consists of paint on panel. At first look, the audience understands that the main subject matter is Mary holding Baby Jesus in an affectionate manner while an angle adoringly looks at them. Humanistic approach Humanism is evident in this painting in a number of ways. In the medieval presentation of Jesus and Madonna, artists were obliged to abide with the religious aspects of the event. For instance, baby Jesus is leaning close to the mother, while Mary is holding the child affectionately, which reveals the presence of a normal relationship between a mother and a child. In addition, the baby is in a light garment rather than being naked while the mother is in soft but seemingly expensive attire. The angel is also in clothes common during the renaissance rather than those worn in the biblical times. In addition, the angel appears female rather than a male. The figures are shown in an expensive room where an oval window made of glass leads the eyes to the background objects. Below the figures is a vase that appears expensive and attractive. In the background, a meandering river cuts across rounded hills, which provide evidence of a beautiful scenario. All these aspects largely reveal humanistic concept of renaissance, which advocated for materialistic and joy of human life. How humanistic approach deviates from the medieval approach By using these aspects, Botticelli has diverted from the medieval religious influence of art to a more humanistic approach for a number of reasons
Such concept as socialization has always been a subject of heated scholarly debate. Traditionally, this concept is defined as the process of person’s adaptation to the community, to which he or she belongs (Mayer, 2004). This issue can be discussed from various perspectives, and philosophical schools often provide drastically different interpretations of this issue. The role, which mass media and especially television play in socialization, cannot be underestimated. Willingly or unwillingly, every member of the society is inclined to pay attention to the information he learns through media, subsequently it shapes his or her worldview. Furthermore, he or she selects the behavior that best suits his needs and those of other people. Nonetheless, there are some alternative approaches to this issue. For instance, according to the supporters of the conflict theory, mass media, act only as a means of control, and they only advance the interests of ruling classes. Such sociologist as Max Weber or Karl Marks would argue that television enables men of power to maintain their position as long as possible (Väyrynen, 1991). In their opinion, social change is primarily caused by some inner conflict, in the vast majority of cases, it is the discontent of the lower strata of community. The advocates of the conflict theory usually claim that television performs the function of a guide, which shapes the public opinion and prompts people to certain actions. But its primary purpose is to subdue people into submission, though in fact, they do not notice it. It stands to reason that such interpretation of this issue is rather categorical, but it cannot be entirely rejected because under certain circumstances, television may give us some examples, which should be followed. As a rule, these examples are called popular icons, and young generation tends to emulate their conduct. The conflict theory claims that a person, who has not passed through socia
Introduction Various abnormal symptoms can be typical during pregnancy; vaginal bleeding and pain in the stomach are among them. Despite the relative abundance of these signs, it is vital for women to consult a medical professional when these problems occur. This report presents a reflection on a pregnant patient having these symptoms. It discusses the diagnosis and treatment, as well as suggests the implications of this case. Placental Abruption in Pregnancy A 25-year-old female has presented to the office with complaints of vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. The woman has been 26 weeks pregnant; it is her first pregnancy. The patient reports that she has no prior history of such symptoms and her family history is insignificant for this case. Although bleeding in early pregnancy is common, the presence of this symptom on the second trimester may be a sign of a serious condition (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2016; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Placental abruption was the primary diagnosis for this patient; its choice was determined by the fact that the woman has abdominal pain, which is not typical for placenta previa. In addition, she had no history of smoking or drug abuse, the blood pressure was normal and there were no health conditions. Tharpe, Farley, and Jordan (2017) note that it is vital to consider ectopic pregnancy when vaginal bleeding during pregnancy occurs. However, the patient was 26 weeks pregnant; this condition could not have been present at this stage. To confirm the diagnosis, I performed an ultrasound examination to determine the location of the placenta. In addition, I have done a complete blood count (CBC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) tests along with clotting studies (Schmidt & Raines, 2018). As, currently, placental abruption cannot be treated with medications or surgical interventions, the patient was advised to stay in the hospital until it would be possible to induce labor. Although the woman’s child’s heart rate was normal and the tests suggested that the abruption was mild, this measure was vital to prevent adverse health outcomes for the fetus. Follow-up care included the assessment of the child’s state and, if necessary, the prescriptions of medications that would help the fetus’s lungs mature. Moreover, the patient was warned about possible risks associated with the condition to eliminate occurrence in the future. The implications of the patient’s health problem are that it is vital for pregnant women to consult a medical professional even if their symptoms are common. Although placental abruption does not occur during the majority of pregnancies, it is vital to know its signs because a condition can pose a severe threat to the mother and her child. In addition, it is necessary to mention that the patient’s symptoms may be associated with other serious conditions and can be interpreted differently at the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Thus, vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain during pregnancy are relatively common but require professional assistance. Conclusion Although vaginal bleeding is considered a common symptom during preg
Lessons Learnt from Halberstam’s “The making of a quagmire” Vietnam War was probably the most controversial war in the history. Beginning with the first attempt of the South Vietnam to become independent, until the moment when America entered the war, it took many turns. After reading the book by David Halberstam, “The making of a quagmire”, I changed my opinion about this war. First of all, it should be mentioned that this war made American people be more interested in the external politics and it provoked the birth of the major youth movement in the American history, hippie. It was the movement for peace. So, the book gives an insight into the war, together with the journalists we observe the actions of American and Vietnam soldiers, life of peasants and all terrible pictures of that war. Now, I believe that all wars have a political basis. It was not just war against the enemy or war for independence. It was war of politicians who wanted to grasp the power in their hands. People were just puppet, “the war was entirely political: its military aspects were simply a means to permit them to practice their political techniques” (Halberstam and Singal 13). In addition, very few American soldier, as well as people, understood adequately this political context. However, I understood that no matter what the objectives of politics are, one should have his/ her own point of view on everything. And if you are told to do something, you should think twice before doing it. Another thing that I understood is that humanism is very important. The NFL cadres tried to live among people, work with them in fields and provide education and medical aid (Halberstam and Singal 13). It was a great step to reconciliation. I guess that the Vietnam governments should have acted like this too. The book showed me that war could never solve the conflict. Only understanding and mutual aid can bear some fruit. I guess that the main objective of the book was to show people that they were not marionettes in the arms of the government and that war was not the way to solve the conflict. The evaluation of the actions of Buddhists in the book Halberstam does not judge in his book, he just provides evidences and events as he saw them during the war. He provides the actions of different people who played their roles in it. Among them were Henry Cabot Lodge, Ngo Dinh Diem, John Paul Vann and Madame Nhu. There were another people who made their contribution to this war and who fought for their independence – the Buddhists. 60% of the country were the Buddhists. But when the Catholics were announces to take leading positions in the government, the Buddhist began their “war”. “The Buddhist movement was the primary cause of political instability: (Moyar 750). It is hard to say nowadays what they were fighting for. The magazines wrote that they fought for the religious independence, but I would go as far as to say that their primary objective was to take the power in their hands. They burned themselv
In the City of Olipo in Syria, the rebel fighters against the regime of President Assad of Syria were doing their usual patrol and door to door military campaign. The military campaign targeted the alleged sympathizers and loyalists of President Assad in a war that has lasted for three years. On this particular day, the rebel militia in a group of more than five gun-wielding militia opened fire on an unarmed man in a blue tracksuit along the open street. The video camera reported in Aljazeera captured the unarmed man take the bullets in broad daylight in amusement of the gun-toting rebels chanting kill his slogan. The video then captures an injured man pleading for mercy from these rebels who seem to enjoy torturing their victims. From their chants, the militia decides to investigate the captured victim and promises to kill him should he be Prea president Assad’s loyalist (Aljazeera-TV, 2012). This particular video featured an unknown Aljazeera journalist or cameraman and distinctively showed the rebels directly firing the unarmed man several times at very close range (Aljazeera-TV, 2012). The two players in this video are the rebel militias and the Aljazeera journalist who captured the Aljazeera video. The photojournalist recorded the two main events in the video; the shooting of the unarmed man and torturing of the captured man. The reporting journalist reports this video on the Aljazeera TV Network and shows the pictures of an unarmed man being shot several times by a group of militia against the Assad regime. The Aljazeera reporter also shows another captured man lying with blood on both hands as the rebels chant ‘kill him’ slogan. The lying man seems to be in pain and pleading for mercy in the full glare of the camera (Aljazeera-TV, 2012). The values of the Aljazeera reporting journalist are careless and inconsiderate. The raw video of a man being shot several times and another in a pool of blood should be edited before airing in such a large media house as Aljazeera TV Network. Besides, the video showed excessive violence material to a global channel with family viewing. Thus, the Aljazeera journalist can be described as an irresponsible reporter (Brown, 2011). The action of Aljazeera and the reporting journalist to air this excessive violent video is unethical based on the principle of ethical content reporting. To begin with, the media house did not consider how the family of the unarmed man who was shot several times would be affected emotionally before airing this video. Moreover, since the viewing age group of this media house
Asthma is a condition characterized by obstruction of airflow leading to coughing, chest pain, breathlessness as well as panting. It is a state caused by environmental as well as genetic factors. Asthmatic features are classified depending on symptoms and the level of forced expiratory volume per every second. This paper tries to link asthma with climatic variables such as dust particles in the air and other microorganisms. Management of severe signs is generally with the use of an inhaler. More fatal symptoms are referred to a medical practitioner, since they may require advanced attention (Marenco et al., 1997, pp. 6875-6886). Management practices of asthma should include avoiding triggers such as allergies and irritants. Studies have linked the Asian sand dust and minerals to allergic effects in the lungs (Takamura, Sasano, & Hayasaka, 1994, pp. 7132-7140). Studies also show that Particles of Arizona sand dust caused an insignificant increase of neutrophiles while the Asian sand dust showed no effect by itself (Derbyshire, 2007, pp. 73-77). Thus, there is proposition that allergic inflammation are brought about by mineral dust and elements. According to scientists, sand dusts may directly influence human health through allergic stimulation of respiratory pressure (Al Frayh, Shakoor, ElRab, & Hasnain, 2001, pp. 292-296). To support this affirmation, there is increased number of patients admitted, as well as clinic visits for asthma related complications, during Asian dust storm. More so, high-energy storm setting in dry areas can lead to the mobilization of large amounts of soils into the environment which has a wider dispersion in the world. This therefore confirms the ability of dust particles in the air to cause effect large distances from the source (Griffin, 2007, pp. 459-477). However, higher risk rests to the persons living next to the source environs. Asian dust contains alumina and silica particles, which have been reported to cause inflammatory reactions in the lungs. Besides, Asian dust encloses a mixture of chemical composite, such as sulfate and nitrate, which confine acidic gases (Ichinose et al., 2008, pp. 348-357). In addition, Asian dust has organic components such as fungi, viruses as well as bacteria, which can directly impact the immune system of individuals who get exposed. A study on the Asian sand dust found elements of quartz, which is reported to cause inflammatory reactions in the lungs due to the presence of cytokines (Ichinose et al., 2008, pp. 685-
Introduction Li Bai is considered one of the greatest poets in Chinese history. His poetry can be both fantastical and mundane in theme, and the combination of the two often creates a unique style that defined his works. Some of the most common themes for Li Bai’s poetry are living terrain, wine, nostalgia, and fantastical elements. All of these themes are present in his lush poem titled “Climbing the Yueyang Tower with Xia Shi’er.” By examining its themes, it is possible to gain an impression of the culture that the author was living in. This paper will examine the themes of terrain, nostalgia, fantasy, and drinking to understand what the author infers about the culture as well as his commentary on it. The Majesty of the Terrain Li Bai opens his poem with a description of the view from the Yueyang Tower, one of the most famous towers of China. The description begins in a dry fashion, with a mention of the river winding along to the opening of the Dongting Lake. This is likely intentional as the tower, and the neighboring lake is a very famous location in China and holds great significance outside the context of the poem. However, in a later passage, he begins to describe the mountains as living creatures. Specifically, he creates an image of mountains becoming gigantic birds that carry the moon in their beaks. They are approaching the author, as perhaps the night begins to cover the sky, leaving only the moon and its light visible from the tower. This theme could be used to show the appreciation of nature that was present in the culture around the author, as this specific place would be known and beloved by many people throughout the country (Cai 176). Importance of Nostalgia Nostalgia is an almost essential topic in Chinese poetry of the era, and Li Bai’s poetry often covers this topic. In the presented poem it alludes to only in one line, but its significance is great. The poet refers to wild geese flying away with the “heart’s sorrow” when he sees the view from the tower. This line likely refers to the feelings of nostalgia and homesickness that the author experienced in his exile going away, at least temporarily as he sees a prominent landmark of his homeland. The theme of nostalgia is tightly weaved with the theme of majestic terrain. Perhaps this connection shows that in exile he missed the unique geography and nature of China, which may reflect the culture of peop