ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction China is one of the emerging economic powers in the globe with its banking sector being comprised of local and international investors. However, its efforts to become the world’s economic leader may be derailed by the rampant corruption in the public and the private sector. The country has been accused of allowing business malpractices among businesspersons. Corruption has specifically risen to uncontrollable levels especially in the construction and the banking sector. In the banking sector, corruption is evident in the hiring process whereby nepotism is a common phenomenon (Hasan, Wachtel, and Zhou 165). Issuing of gifts is also common among the Chinese businesspersons, which facilitates bribery in the country. The Chinese business culture borrows heavily from the concept of the Confucianism culture, which is the traditional culture of the Chinese. The mentioned culture advocates for the establishment of a hierarchy in all organizations. The junior employees perceive the topmost officials in the hierarchy as their role models, and they accord them great respect. The junior staff members have to embrace the decisions made by the senior officers who are usually business leaders with great influence. Given that the leaders are the sole decision makers, they have the ability to promote bribery without whistleblowing from the junior officers. The foreign companies operating in China face great competition from the local financial firms due to the additional foreign regulations that multinational companies operating in the country have to observe. The legality of gifts among the Chinese firms have been greatly connected to the rising bribery cases since bank managers collect bribes in the name of gifts from friends and business associates. In most countries around the globe, corruption is perceived as a serious crime, and the firms operating in China have to observe the rules regulating corruption in their home country. Corruption in the Chinese banking sector is characterized by the extraction of money from borrowers in exchange for soft loans. The hiring process too is tainted with corruption, as the human resource managers tend to hire relatives of the senior government officials. Whistleblowing in China is not a common phenomenon due to the respect accorded to the senior officials. The role of whistleblowers cannot be underrated in the fight against corruption and other business malpractices. Another factor that complicates the fight against corruption is the lack of strong anti-graft institutions to investigate and institute charges against corruption perpetrators. Despite there being relatively strict laws against graft, the anticorruption institutions are weak and perpetrators of the vice tend to escape the law. In that regard, corruption in the banking sector is high with nepotism and issuing of gifts being the most prevalent forms of corruption. To eliminate the vice, enactment of strict laws coupled with the establishment of strong anticorruption is inevitable. Besides, all the stakeholders in the banking sector should
Introduction The world today is becoming more and more dependent on technology for the management of many areas like business, communication, defense, internal security, and general administration. This technology is now dominated by the area of information technology. The use of computers in diverse fields has been increasing over the years and now has become an integral and unavoidable part in all the fields mentioned above. But increasing dependence has brought about other serious concerns like security of systems and hardware. Information technology systems have been under threat from many areas that include natural and man-made threats. It is now imperative that organizations do some sort of security and prevention systems for the protection of their hardware and software. The concept of disaster recovery systems is now being adopted by many organizations that include both the private and public sector. What most of them do is to formulate security auditing manuals for security audit and business continuity plans for minimal disruption of work in case of data loss. This paper is with regard to the development of a security audit manual for the SCU Credit Union, which is engaged in financial business in the United States. The events of the 9/11 attacks shocked the entire world, but also put a new perspective on how disasters strike. Terrorism was added into the list of potential disasters, especially if an organization is situated in a high rise complex. Risk in an everyday part of the life of human beings. One can get hit by a car when crossing the road, or slip when coming down the stairs. As for organizational risks, the consequences are much more since it affects all stakeholders in varying degrees. It is essential to identify each and every risk that an organization can possibly face, terrorism included. It should be noted that not all risks have the same level of consequences. Some risks have petty consequences while others are more serious in nature. Communication, information, and knowledge are extremely important factors for organizations and these are the areas that should be protected more. (This is apart from providing protection to the employees through the adoption of workplace protection and safety measures). The three factors mentioned above are made possible in today’s organizations through the maintenance of an information technology infrastructure. It includes the hardware, software, required to comply with eh communication and information needs of the organization. It also includes all the personnel directly and indirectly involved in maintaining and running the system. Hence all organizations should ideally have in place a disaster management system. It should in such a case compulsorily maintain a disaster management audit manual and a business continuity plan. The first is primarily to prevent or lessen the chances of a disaster occurring in the first place. The second is the procedure to be followed in case of a disaster strike and is mainly to continue business operations with m
The history of Germany has been a subject of interest to many people throughout the world. Much of this interest is usually concentrated on the period spanning from 1933-1945. During this period, Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers’ Party led the country through what later came to be known as the Nazi Regime. From the time he was appointed as the Chancellor of Germany at the beginning of 1933, Adolf Hitler had only one goal of amassing massive power to himself. He embarked on this objective by first eliminating his political partners and later began extending the country’s borders. To carry out his objective without hindrance, Hitler established the “Gleichschaltung”, which was a forum to ensure that he took control of all the major institutions in the country. One particular area that Hitler tried to control was the running of the army. (Schrader) From the beginning, Hitler had no faith in the army. This fear was gotten out of concern on the way the army had conducted itself during World War I. He also had a fear that if they were given a free hand then the army would try to overthrow him. One year after coming to power, Hitler disbanded the SA, which was the outfit that had helped him come to power. He then signed a pact with the Army that they would remain loyal to him. As Hitler’s tyrannical ways came to a climax in 1943 and the beginning of 1944, Hitler forced many army generals to go into early retirement and those that remained became critical of his constant intrusion. The disgruntled army generals led by Count von Stauffenberg and General Ludwig Beck who was a sacked chief of staff came up with a plan to assassinate Hitler. (The World War II Multimedia Database) The plotters of the assassination attempt placed a bomb in one of Hitler’s command posts. After placing the bomb under a conference table, Stauffenberg and his colleagues began preparing on how to take over the government. However, the bomb failed to kill Hitler as the plotters had anticipated. This made Hitler conclude that God had saved him to retaliate Germany on the world. That night, Count von Stauffenberg was shot dead by a firing squad. Others like Erwin Rommel who had been approached by the collaborators but failed to co-operate were allowed to take poison in favor of their families being spared. While the plotters were shot by a firing squad, their families were either sent to concentration camps or forced to take poison. The German leader used this occurrence to crush any remaining opposition against him. Despite these stern measures to ensure that everyone conformed to his totalitarian ideas, Hitler continued
According to Theodore Strugeon, “a science fiction story is a story built around human beings, with a human problem and a human solution, which would not have happened at all without its scientific content.” Since the publication of Darwin’s science of evolution, mankind has been attempting to solve one of the major problems of our age – where will this sort of evolution lead the human race and what implications does this have regarding the significance of our ideas and essential humanity. The ideas and questions this science introduced thus helped give rise to the literary genre of science fiction, in which answers to these questions were sought. As the introduction of science brings about new capabilities for extended human understanding, both H.G. Wells and Arthur C. Clarke explore the darker side of evolutionary thought and where humans are heading both in terms of human society as well as in individual development. In both stories, human society is presumed to have developed to a relatively utopian state at some point. This is only speculated upon in Wells’ story as the Time Traveler wanders through the green countryside of the future. Deducing what must have happened in the intervening years of his time travel jump from the evidence in front of him, the traveler describes how things must have been: “The ideal of preventative medicine was attained. Diseases had been stamped out … I saw mankind housed in splendid shelters, gloriously clothed, and as yet I had found them engaged in no toil. There were no signs of struggle” (Wells 49). The society that develops following the interference of the Overlords in Clarke’s story help to establish something very similar to the society described by Wells’ traveler at an earlier point in its development: “Production had become largely automatic: the robot factories poured forth consumer goods in such unending streams that all the ordinary necessities of life were virtually free. Men worked for the sake of luxuries they desired: or they did not work at all” (Clarke 73). In both cases, the developments brought about as a result of science enabled mankind to turn his attentions to the fulfillment of desire. Although utopia had been reached in both tales, this did not usher in the sort of explosion of ideas and culture that characterized the Renaissance period of earlier times. Instead, it led to the destruction of these elements of human existence. In Wells’ story, this is epitomized in the relatively bestial qualities of the inhabitants of his future world, the Eloi and the Morlocks. The traveler includes these ideas in his ruminations of what had led the human population to such a mindless state of existence. “Hardship and freedom: conditions under which the active, strong and subtle survive and the weaker go to the wall; conditions under which the active, strong and subtle survive and the weaker go to the wall … Under the new conditions of perfect comfort and security, that restless energy, that with us is strength, would become weakness”
Inorganic trace evidence constitutes: hairs, fibers, tool marks ballistics, glass, paint, and the rest of the evidence which are available within a crime scene while organic trace evidence normally originates from a human or animal. However, organic trace evidence like blood can provide a lot of information concerning the crime that occurred through blood left behind. Law enforcement obtains the victim’s and perpetrator’s blood for which analysis is conducted on bloodstain by photographing or stringing. This process involves connecting strings from various blood spatters to explain the pattern of events during the crime.DNA evidence will also be shown through blood as well as evidence of various diseases of the victim or even the perpetrator who may be male or female. A wound as organic trace evidence is used as one of the first clues about the crime of which when cleaned and examined through, the morgue vivid information will be obtained by the medical examiner. Further, the responses of the human body towards trauma depend on whether or not the victim is alive or dead. A bite mark found on the victim’s body can also provide information on the crime scene to technicians regarding the perpetrator. The dental system in the record system is compared with the bite mark of the perpetrators through straight teeth, crooked teeth, and crowns, expensive and dental work. (Thompson S, 2006) The strength of organic evidence through DNA makers has increased for a wide range both in plants and animals of which opportunity had been created for the application of forensic investigations. Currently, few researchers have reported using DNA of non – human species to place suspects next to a place
Introduction The “Letter to Ren An” is a masterpiece detailing the issues that defined China in the early 90s BC. According to the letter, Si-ma Qian endured humiliation so that he can get the opportunity to finish his historical work. The author shared similar opinions with Ren An. The author also indicates that Ren An had faced comparable humiliations before 1 . The author also received a letter from Ren An explaining why great men should always be cautious whenever dealing with other people. Great men should also embrace their skills and work hard in an attempt to support the advancement of other men in the world. This essay therefore uses the Biography of Li Ling and Weng Tian to explain why a person should be judged by the purity of his or her intentions. People Should Be Judged by the Purity of Their Intentions In his letter, Si-ma Qian argues that people should always devote themselves to moral actions and trainings. Such people should also engage in pure actions and focus on the best aspects of humanity. People should also be ready to help and have a sense of duty 2 . As well, every action undertaken by man should be aimed at promoting the best name. During times of shame, people should be courageous and focus on their goals. These issues and principles therefore support the argument that one should be judged by the purity of his or her intentions. Such intentions should be honorable and inspirational. Throughout the letter, the author expresses how people should focus on the best deeds in order to have better lives. People should have the best intentions and embrace the righteous. This practice will bring hope, empower societies, and make it easier for people to achieve their goals. The purity of one’s intentions is something critical whenever undertaking a specific role. This is a higher principle that defines the lives of great men. A positive intention will deliver the greatest happiness to more people 3 . Human beings who might not succeed while promoting the best intentions will definitely become heroes. In this letter, Si-ma Qian gives a brief account of Li Ling’s intentions and accounts. The short biography of Li Ling shows significantly why a person should be judged by the purity of his intentions, and not whether he has succeeded. The letter explains how Li Ling’s infantry fought tirelessly in an attempt to achieve its intentions. The solders managed to fight with empty bows in order to achieve their goals. The ministers of Han were pleased by Li Ling’s ambitions and efforts 4 . They even raised their cups and honored the emperor for his achievements. However, the issue of defeat redefined his life. The author was forced to explain to the court how Li Ling was a great man. The writer was ready to forge
Wound vac is a clinical procedure of treating wounds whereby clinicians take a wound through a process called Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT). The gadget used to do the operation has a fabric which is used as a dressing material and is attached to the wound with the help of a tube. This method of therapy is normally done on chromic wounds which have resisted other treatment procedures or surgical wounds which have reopened after a surgery. It is a sensitive surgical procedure which can only be done by a specialist but does not need to take place in a hospital. Treatment of the wound involves cleaning and then sterilizing the sponge used to fit the wound from inside. With the help of a clear film the sponge is then sealed in place which has the wound. The gadget is then turned on after the tube is connected to the wound VAC. The specialist carrying out the procedure selects an appropriate pressure to do the operation. The devise is usually turned off every time the wound is being inspected (Mustoe, 2009). Recently however, a debate has emerged over the effectiveness and availability of evidence on the ability of the procedure to heal chronic wounds. A critical analysis of arguments in regard to wound vacs reveals that biological evidence behind it is stil vague. Clinicians have carried out the procedure for many years with an assumption that the procedure makes chronic wounds to heal faster by reducing infection risks and other related problems (Bauman, 2007). Most of the questions raised seek to find out whether there is evidence that wound vacs leads to healing. It emerges that doctors have carried out the procedure as a tradition or because a relatively good number of patients have responded positively after undergoing the operation. They do this by gauging the situation of the patient, scientific relevance and experience (Sheffield & Fife, 2008). Evidence on the efficacy of the procedure is limited and what is available in books and internet is usually not properly proven. It happens that it is very hard to find facts which are properly backed by evidence in the field of surgery. This difficulty is brought about by the fact that research in this field is usually very expensive to carry out. Elements of silver used in the procedure have been proved to kill bacteria which infect the wound in the process of healing. The problem however is that when it is used on uninfected wound, it could lead to poisoning of surrounding normal cells. This is one of the risks associated with wounds vacs. As a result of lack
Introduction Retention of students in any institution of learning, irrespective of its level, is very essential as it contributes to the success of the students in terms of academic performance that in the long run affects the overall performance of the institution at large. This is so because the students are able to learn without disturbances which can be brought about by changes or transfers to other learning institutions where they have to adapt to the new environment and the learning strategies of the new school. The practice of retaining the students is however not easy as it is faced with a lot of challenges which should be dealt with to ensure its success (Bean and Eaton, 2000).This piece of work discusses the retention of students in learning institutions much emphasis being given to the variables that affect student retention, the goals and strategies that can be applied to handle the variables, the enablers and constrainers involved and finally an assessment plan to measure the success and progress of the goals and strategies. Variables That Affect Student Retention to Be Addressed In the Goals and Strategies There are numerous factors that are associated with the retention of students in learning institutions. The factors however depend on the type of school for instance elite institutions and community colleges with the former having high rates of retention as compared to the latter. Some of the general variables that affect student retention include; the academic status of the institution in terms of the overall grades attained the satisfaction linked with social life or student peer group which may include classroom relations, games interactions and even roommates socialization among others. The student background for instance the support from the parents’ income; the student’s education goals and previous education performance also determine his or her retention (Wetzel, O’Toole and Peterson, 1999). The organizational factors such as the orientation programs used in the institution, the rules and regulation governing the institution, the relationships between the staff and the students in the institution, the financial aid and housing policies also matter. The academic factors affecting retention of students include the resources available in the institution, the courses offered, the organization of faculties, and the learning programs among others. The social factors on the other hand may include the peers, the social groupings and integration among others. Environmental factors also influence the retention of students in learning institutions. They may include