ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Slang is an important part of the language because it gives the identity to people who speak it. They share this language and it can be used to share values, norms, and even culture. Slang is a part of urbanization and it shows how other cultures and events can affect language. “The immediacy, informality, and intimacy of radio and its appeal to tightly defined groups made it an extremely effective medium for the transmission of slang” (Coleman 258). In the modern world, the level of technological development allows people to be in touch with their foreign friends or relatives living abroad freely. Undoubtedly, the technologies contributed to the dissemination of jargon. The Internet slang mostly represented by the abbreviations used by Internet users is one of the brightest examples of the impact of technology on language (“Internet Slang” n.pag.). It goes without saying that the roots of the slang represent the interesting area of the study in Linguistics. Walt Whitman, the outstanding American poet of the XIX century, in his work Slang in America compared slang to the indirection and said that it was “an attempt to escape from bold literalism, and express itself illimitable” (Myers 2). Eric Partridge, the British lexicographer, defines 15 reasons people use slang including the exercising of the ingenuity and humor, being ‘different’ or novel, being brief and concise, inducing either friendliness or intimacy, and others (“15 Reasons People Use Slang” n.pag.). Analysis Slang became popular all over the world. It is frequently referred to as the term jargon. The slang can be distinguished by its belonging to the particular professional, age, or social groups. For example, ‘da bomb’ is the popular African American slang which is used to describe someone or something great (“Slang” n.pag.). The history of the American slang can be described decade by decade. For instance, the 1950s gave birth to ‘boo-boo’ meaning ‘the mistake’ and ‘hot’ meaning ‘sexy or attractive’, the 1960s – to ‘horn’ meaning ‘the telephone’, the 1980s – to ‘meltdown’ meaning ‘to collapse’ (“History of American Slang Words” n.pag.). In addition, the popular American words and phrases include ‘buck’ or ‘one dollar’, ‘chill’ or ‘relax’, and ‘what’s up?’ meaning ‘how are you?’ (“Popular American
Fisher, M. (2020). What will our new normal feel like? Hints are beginning to emerge . The New York Times. Web. The article by Fisher (2020) focuses on demonstrating the potential consequences of social life after the COVID-19 pandemic ends and massive restrictions and quarantines are lifted. The author compares examples from history with the current epidemic and notes that global practice proves people’s ability to adapt to new living conditions, including those that appeared during their life in isolation (Fisher, 2020). Different perspectives are considered in relation to the industries of public service, tourism, and other sectors that have been particularly affected by the pandemic. Fisher (2020) draws attention to the impossibility of returning to life before the epidemic that seized the world in the same regime as it was before because entrenched social habits are essential constraints. Fear of new infections and anxiety for one’s and loved ones’ health are regarded as the main factors that determine the subsequent way of life of people in different countries. Acceptance is a basic feature that explains adaptation and resilience to such constraints. Subconscious survival instincts will influence social communication, and despite the improvement in the situation, the world is unlikely to remain the same. The global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has transformed people’s understanding of safety. Fisher (2020) cites the example of the siege in Sarajevo in the 1990s, when people were isolated for almost four years, and notes the similarity of the modern epidemic to the Bosnians’ way of life. Another important observation is the inability to return to a past lifestyle due to the changed views on the importance of constraints. As Fisher (2020) notes, the cancellations of many mass events have proven that the value of human life is the highest, and people themselves are unlikely to endanger themselves or loved ones. The changes are supposed to affect not only people’s thinking but also the official regulations and conditions of control over various social sectors. According to Fisher (2020), constant observation will be maintained, and health parameters will be monitored continuously to avoid a repeat of the pandemic in the future. Finally, resilience will be developed, which is one of the significant factors of socialization. Adopting a new lifestyle is inevitable, and the best way to achieve this is through adaptation to a new safety mode. The choice of the article under consideration is due to the relevance of the proposed topic a
Abstract Health Information Technology has been a key debate in the health sector in the US for a couple of decades now. Much of the discussion has been on the recording of health data in a safe and secure manner. It is agreed that long gone are the days when data recording was manual. Characterized by errors and unnecessary paperwork, the use of pen and paper to record health data has been criticized by many experts in the field. Interestingly, some experts also criticize the use of technology in health data management. The Obama administration ensured that myths on the digital recording of health data were demystified. One way the said administration ensured this is through the adoption of Electronic Medical Record or Electronic Health Records. Whereas some health facilities embraced the technology, many were against it, claiming that loss of sensitive and private health care data through hacking was a serious threat. Regardless of the numerous challenges identified with a digital system, the US Department of Veteran Affairs embraced the technology and customized it to fit its target population. The health challenges faced by veterans re unique; thus, the customized approach was deemed fit to solve some of the external health challenges observed among the target audience. Impressively, the department was able to prove that Health Information Technology can work. It recorded better uptake of health care services among veterans after the implementation of the system. Despite the success observed by the department, one cannot be oblivious to the limitations of the system. To ensure desired results from the innovation, it has to be used correctly, and security measures put in place to avoid loss of health care data. Introduction Health Information Technology supports information management in health care services through the application of computerized services (Melas, Zampetakis, Dimopoulou & Moustakis, 2014). Commonly referred to as HIT, the application brings together the critical shareholders in health care, providing necessary information when needed. The stakeholders include patients, doctors, monitors, and insurance providers (Melas et al., 2014). It is necessary to point out that HIT should be secure enough to allow the different shareholders identified to only get access to information relevant to their role in the system. For instance, doctors should be able to see the patient’s health history, but not their financial statements. The doctors then provide the insurance providers with the hospital bills, but should not be able to give out the private health history of the patient, unless the patient agrees to the same. HIT has been described as one of the best health care innovations of all time. The innovation has helped users manage sensitive health care data effectively. The system works by providing linkages to all health care stakeholders
The Beatles were no less than an epochal musical happening, with their enormous fan base and the sway that they held over every area of global culture. Initially, the group has relied on their vocals and unbelievably exuberant imagination to rock their live performances. Back in the earliest 1960s, the group was performing mostly in Liverpool clubs, and it appears that guitar-and-drums were making a steady regression. Later on, other producers could just as well overdub the vocals and even speed up “Please Please Me.” But, when George Martin appeared, the man made a difference. As the group emerged into the late 1960s, George Martin became an unalienable part of the legend (Hertsgaard n.pag.). George Martin was someone who was actually able to accept texts like “Tomorrow Never Knows” without the slightest nonplus. George Martin was a person of immeasurable knowledge and vast experience in electronic music making and tape-looping. He was the one creating ideal arrangements to the “Walrus” and a range of The Beatles’ Indian-inspired songs. Other arrangers could be employed just as well but none of them appeared as Beatle-minded as George Martin was at the time. The following paper is, thus, aimed at exploring George Martin’s remarkable contributions to The Beatles as they are known and renowned, to-date. First and foremost, one of the keys to George Martin’s Beatle-mindedness lies in his past. The similar background and a childhood imbued with music constructed his remarkable talent and personality. As a result, by the time The Beatles auditioned for him, he was more or less tuned in to the same wave-length as the Fab Four, which is only too well demonstrated by the famous episode. After the recording discussion, Martin asked the Four to share their feedback and whether there was something they did not like. At that, George Harrison gave the famous reply, “well, we don’t like your tie, for a start” (Kenny 130-140). The sense of humor that the group and the producer shared was a critical factor that smoothed out this complex partnership. George Martin seemed to realize the group’s stunning potential, which is why, to his credit, he found himself able to deliberately turn a blind eye to their massive egos. An unknown group is fully under its producer’s control, and it is true that The Beatles have gained some popularity by the time the partnership started but Martin was in the right to dictate his visions nonetheless. What he did instead was, in fact, partially devesting himself of his influence in favor of the artists’ wishes. Their first single was to be a composition George Martin had purchased from some writer but the group persuaded him to record their own track (Kenny n.pag.). Thus, the primary contribution of George Martin as “the fifth Beatle” was the understanding that he showed at the very beginning, guesstimating the group’s potential and the vastness of the horizons they we
Introduction Employee engagement is currently becoming an increasingly important issue in HR studies and policies because it allows for greatly enhancing employee performance and for bringing numerous benefits to virtually all aspects of a business, as well as to workers themselves. This paper provides a discussion of some of these benefits, also considering several ways through which employee engagement can be increased and used more effectively. Some Business Benefits That Are Likely to Be Caused by Employee Engagement Benefits for the Organization Engaged employees bring numerous benefits for organizations that they work for. Research shows that engaged workers are considerably more productive that the disengaged ones, which results in greater productivity and performance (qtd. in Kruse). Also, companies with engaged workforce are considerably more likely to better implement innovations (Kruse). In addition, the enhanced productivity and performance of employees are positively correlated with the sales of a business, its profits and total shareholder returns (Kruse). Benefits for Executives/Managers Executives and managers of an organization where the employees are engaged also obtain significant benefits. For instance, engaged workers are usually much more loyal to the company there work for (Kruse). This results in greater staff retention and lower turnover, which means that it is easier for the managers and executives to preserve talented personnel; the need to seek and train new workers is also lower (Kruse). Another benefit is decreased rates of absenteeism (Kruse). Benefits for the Workforce Importantly, workforce engagement leads to greater rates of employee satisfaction, for the workers who feel energetic, vigorous, confident, and interested in their tasks will have higher rates of satisfaction with their job (Cole et al. 1552-1553, 1562; Truss et al. 132). Engaged employees will usually stimulate their colleagues to work better as well. Also, it is stated that workforce engagement is positively correlated to safety levels at the workplace (Kruse). Benefits for the Customer Base Engaged workers will try to better serve their customers, greatly increasing the quality of service in the organization (Kruse). This often leads to higher rates of customer loyalty (Kruse). The Application of Employee Engagement Job Design Job design plays a critical role in the effectiveness of a company’s personnel. It can also affect employee engagement. For instance, a high-quality job design should provide employees with the t
A graph of actual (salesSeries 1), Moving avarages (Series 2), Weighted moving avarage (series 3) Exponential smoothing (Series 9) and doudle exponential smoothing (series 12) against time in moths in three years. Business Forecasting From the graph indicated above, it can be deduced that the most realistic trend is that of exponential smoothing. This is the only series that has provided a vivid trend that can be followed keenly and depict prediction while making out forecasts. This is therefore the most likely data that can give the best description of what can be expected. In comparison to the moving avarages, they are all treated equally while in exponential smothing, they are assigned a decreasing weight over the duration that data was collected. “Double exponential will also not be realistic because the data has some trend that cannot be applied” Clement and Hendry (1998, p 270). This makes the exponential smoothing the best and the very realistic measure for the forecasting in this context. Forecasting predicts targets to be anticipated and can be used to estimating future aspect of business or other related operations when used as a technique. Volume of sales can be forecasted basing on past data. Production schedules, purchasing plans for raw materials. Business policies regarding will thus be affected by such forecasts that may laead to poor planning and increased cost to the business. “Review of sales forecast marks an important part in business planning over a specific period” Armstrong (2001, p 543). One will then be capable to efficiently identify factors that boost his sales of the business and he or she can generate data for future sales. “Qualitative forecasting can be carried out using the Delphi method that seeks to extract the group consensus from a panel of experts depending on the set information” Makridakis et al (2003, p 242). Scenario setting can also be utilised as it bases its approach on a set off assumptions and the likely impact of the business outcome is extracted from that data. Development of time series includes various factors that include; trend components, cyclical or repetitive mechanisms, seasonal functions that are based on peaks of either high or low times, and irregularly determined components. All these when integrated provide a specific value for the time series which can be seen as a precise forecast. Modes of transport This is not a good decision to make because sales are dependent on customer willingness to buy the goods and services provided. More so, “the high transport cost will impact on the final goods selling price” Goodman (2009, p 73). This has an impact on the clients whose effect has not yet been pre-determined. “The extra increase in inventory and ware housing all affect the final cost of the goods” Leland and Bailey (2006, p 2
Health care is a basic social necessity that is critical for people to acquire good health status despite their difference in social, political, and economic levels. The health care system in Canada has made significant steps in ensuring that Canadians receive health care services without undue discrimination. Accessibility, universality, portability, comprehensiveness, and public administration are five principles that guide the health care system of Canada in delivering quality health care services. However, due to societal differences in social, economic, racial, and political backgrounds, discrimination does arise in delivery of health care services. In Canada, Aboriginal people experience discrimination in health care by virtue of their race since they do not receive equal treatment. According to United Nations Human Development Index, health care of Canada ranks among the top nations, but health care of Aboriginal people ranks 68th in rural reserves and 36th in other parts (Tang, & Bowne, 2008, p.110). Hence, racism among others factors such as social exclusion, poverty, and discrimination have contributed to inequitable access to health care by the Aboriginal people. Therefore, this critique examines how “race” and racialization process perpetuate inequality in health care system. Ethnographic Study The ethnographic study focuses on factors that influence decisions of Aboriginal patients when seeking health care services from Emergency Department in urban hospitals. The study hypothesizes that racialization affects how doctors and nurses deliver their services to Aboriginal people. To collect robust data from interview and participant observation, the study sampled 82 participants; 38 were staff, which consisted of physicians, nurses and social workers, and 44 patients from Fast Track, a division of Emergency Department. Out of the 44 patients, 10 were Euro-Canadian patients and 34 were Aboriginal patients. Tang and Browne (2008) point out that theoretical sample was necessary to expound racialization of “Aboriginality” among Aboriginal patients (p.112). Diversity of samples provided for comparative analysis of results with respect to racialization and accessibility of health care by Aboriginals people. Ethnographic researchers interviewed and observed Aboriginal patients for about 30 to 60 minutes at the Fast Track division in the Emergency Department. To collect reliable data, the researchers interviewed and observed Aboriginals patients in private places such as clinical examination rooms and meeting rooms. Interviews and observations of physicians, nurses, and social workers also took places in the same place and did last for about 15 to 30 minutes. Tang and Browne (2008) assert that the study aimed at analyzing process of raci
Introduction German expressionism refers to a combination of multiple movements that were started in Germany in the 1920’s with the aim of promoting creative arts. The advent of the movements was greatly inspired by a similar course that was being promoted across northern and central Europe called expressionism. The main disciplines supported by the movement were sculpture, painting, cinema, architecture, and dancing (Roberts 17). This movement took a short time spreading to major cities across Germany. Berlin gave the movement its most vibrant and noticeable reception. Its theme was to promote creativity by rejecting western conventions about art, which entailed depicting real events in a distorted manner in order to create emotional effects (Eisner 101). The expressionists were also opposed to the use of extras such as bright colors in paintings and movies because they made it hard for the audience to be in touch with reality. They believed that the real value of creative arts was embodied in the ability of the viewer to connect with the world rather than the aesthetic satisfaction. Studies have established that expressionists were greatly influenced by the artwork of Vincent van Gogh, El Greco, and Edvard Munch among others (Brockmann 300). The film industry was one of the areas of the German culture on which the movement had a considerable impact. Germany is considered a home to expressionist movies owing to the fact that during the few years that preceded the World War I, the government was isolated from the rest of the world and eventually banned any foreign films from being shown across the country. Discussion Many analysts argue that the internal challenges Germany was dealing with and the decision to engage in World War I were the major factors that influenced the birth of the German expressionism. At the time, the government sought ways of restoring the country from serious economic woes and poor relations with other countries (Brockmann 309). In addition, the borders were closed, thus leaving the citizens with little choice other than searching for locally produced films. This led to the idea of creating a movement that would empower people through promotion of art. Following the launch of the movement, many studios, theatres, and production houses were set up across the country in a bid to tap the existing talent (Eisner 128). Since the government had banned foreign films, the demand for expressionist movies grew at a high rate, as the global audience wanted to savor the highly popularized experience. The impact was also felt by filmmakers across Europe, as they easily fell to the temptation of trying out the style used in the films. The universal style of expressionist films was the manner in which the audience connected and related with the inner experiences of the characters (Eisner 133). The German expressionism movement started a revolution in the global film industry that was characterized by a change of film