ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In this paper, the Alabama Department of Public Health’s policy on the Zika virus, as well as the ethical approach in business, will be discussed. Alabama Department of Public Health’s Policy As the first Zika virus case was confirmed in Alabama at the beginning of 2016, the Alabama Department of Public Health launched a campaign to educate and prevent the spread of the disease among Alabama citizens. Moreover, 345 submissions were received by the Alabama Department of Public Health from the citizens that wanted to be tested; 39 of these tests demonstrated positive result (Alabama Department of Public Health, 2016). The ADPH also issued an advisory for pregnant women, as well as travelers, and provided webcasts and videos about the Zika virus for citizens of the state. The policymaking continued as the disease reached Alabama and first residents were confirmed with the virus. Alabama physicians were asked to contact the ADPH if any of their patients demonstrated symptoms of the disease. All suspected cases were asked to be reported to Infectious Diseases & Outbreaks via the ADHP website. Specific submission forms were provided for residents who wanted to be tested for Zika or chikungunya and dengue viruses. Specimens for the tests could be dropped off at local departments and were later delivered to BCL. The ADHP and Senior Services worked together on the education of residents about the Zika virus; coloring books that contained information about the virus were distributed to pre-kindergarten students, as well as more than 8.000 citizens of the state. Information for clinicians was provided via the website in the form of PDF files. As of today, the ADHP accepts proposals from the residents on mosquito surveillance. Sarah’s Case Business ethics in large enterprises do not forbid recommendations from employees, even if these recommendations concern their friends or family. Thus, Sarah will not break any rules if she decides to interview Jane. However, she should hand her written recommendation to the director of the company so that the interview process is transparent. It would be unethical if Sarah did not mention that Jane is her friend and decided to conduct the interview herself, without any mentions about their relationships. As the company does not provide money to fund additional training for the other two applicants, and Jane is qualified for the position, it seems logical to interview Jane for the job. However, if it is possible, the director of the company should be present at the interview to ensure that Sara does not supervise her fri
In an institution where patients needing short-term medical treatment for acute illnesses or injury are treated, nursing leadership becomes important in the administration of the critical care required to help restore patients back to health. My study of the leadership roles and management functions in nursing theory and applications both in class and in the clinical preceptorship is enabling an advancement of my skills and nursing practice by the knowledge and experiences impacted in the learning process. After signing confidentiality forms with the assigned facility at Huntington Memorial Hospital, I met the assigned preceptor for this leadership so that the learning process may begin. This meeting was an introduction to the objectives of the course. The next day was my first clinical day. On this day, staffing, scheduling and communication within both the medical-surgical unit and the epileptic brain mapping unit (EBMU) were highlighted and discussed as if by consultation. It was an opportunity for me to experience, first hand, the changing dynamics of this new unit. Almost instantly, my sense of belonging to the medical-surgical and the EBMU was confirmed as the consultation and communication made me feel that I was already an employee. From this point, I could already speak of some positive aspects of the hospital environment and how it has impacted my psychosocial system as a nurse. It was very notable that the staffing pattern at Huntington Memorial Hospital is aligned in accordance with title 22 of the department of health services mandates on health and welfare. For example, the EBMU always had two scheduled nurses at any time of the day, the 4 east medical-surgical staffing grids have 16 nurses for a maximum 24 patients and there is a nurse for every five med-surgical patient. Also, there is a one to four nurse-patient ratio for the telemetry patients and one to three for the neuro-surgical patients. This adherence to nursing standards set by this acute care facilities is one of the most easily identified and my intuition suggests that this does have an impact on nursing practice and the quality of healthcare received by patients in acute care settings. In an attempt to understand the work-life balance of nurses and for me to better understand and identify stressors facing the nurse in the acute care setting and also to describe the importance of the self-care and effective coping strategies available to them, I realized that just after the staffing discussion was concluded, there was a self-scheduling function in the unit and this function enabled nurses to self schedule days of availability to work and to request days off. The
Admission to the college is very exciting, yet it provokes a variety of anxieties. The factors that can disturb the happy moments of life in college depend on individual circumstances. The most common challenges the students face nowadays are the high prices for college education and the high competitiveness in the college community. Nowadays, the students have to face the “shrinking financial support for higher education” (Terenzini & Pascarella, 1998, p. 151). Thus, the financial issue becomes common. Those who can’t afford an education lose the chance to find a good job. Although the chances to find a well-paid job not merely depend on the graduation certificate and require a lot more, a really good job becomes unavailable without it. The undergraduates who managed to enter the college face the challenge of competition. Every day, students have to meet strict requirements. That’s why It is important to have a serious attitude toward education because success depends on the student’s “initial goal and commitment” to a large extent (Clark, 2005, p. 296). The lazy student not only loses the points in classes but also loses his competitiveness after graduation. Studying is hard, yet it’s important for the student’s future. The changes that happen in society affect higher education policies and make new challenges arise. Each student needs to learn to be strong and competitive. That’s exactly what a college can teach, and the students should make use of the time spent there.
In her short essay “Mother Tongue”, Amy Tan discusses the idea that the English language can become a significant tool to divide people within the society because of their proficiency in the language and because of using “the different Englishes” (Tan 46). From this point, weak language skills can limit a person’s possibilities in life because of the public’s vision of the language as the significant tool to assess the people’s position and role in the society (Tan 49). Anne Fadiman also develops the idea of the language’s significance in her The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down , and it is important to refer to the experience of Lia Lee’s parents in the emergency rooms and to their communication with Dan Murphy because these experiences caused the development of misunderstandings associated with stating the diagnosis and proposing the treatment for Lia (Fadiman 29). Although Tan’s concept of the language as the limiting sociolinguistic tool corresponds with the experience of Lia’s parents in hospitals because physicians and nurses cannot communicate with them effectively, this sociolinguistic concept cannot be used to explain the cultural background of misunderstandings in the communication between rational physicians and spiritual Lia’s parents. Foua and Nao Kao cannot communicate using the English language effectively. As a result, Lia’s parents had to carry to emergency rooms many times while observing Lia’s seizures, but it was almost impossible for them to explain the problem because symptoms stopped, and physicians and nurses could not understand Lia’s parents to state the right diagnosis and to propose the effective treatment. That is why, the language barrier became the limiting force to separate Lia from receiving the effective assistance. The lack of interpreters in hospitals who could assist in communication between parents and physicians led to failures in diagnosing and treating Lia. Few efforts were made to understand Lia’s parents before practicing “veterinary medicine” (Fadiman 25). The similar situation is described by Tan when she focuses on discriminating her mother in hospital because she does not speak English perfectly (Tan 49). Thus, the language can limit the possibilities of people to be treated equally because the proficiency in language can divide the society into camps. However, in many cases depicted by Fadiman, the role of the language as a sociolinguistic limiting tool is not observed clearly, but the focus on the cultural aspect is important. The problem of misunderstanding between the physician as “essentially rationalist” and Lia’s parents is in the physician and nurses’ inability to understand the cultural peculiarities of the family and to focus on the role of spirituality for them (Fadiman 29). Thus, it
Introduction I studied the paper notes concerning the greenhouse effect research and discovered numerous interesting facts. However, in lecture 015.4 Earth’s Atmosphere and Interior, the information predominantly referred to the mechanism of the greenhouse gases generation, the future scenario, and global average temperatures dated back to 2010 and earlier years (Professor’s Last Name 2). While it is necessary to take into account the long-term climate trends, one should also be aware of the recent changes. I took an interest in the latest tendencies and decided to explore what the current situation is. Search Log To begin with, I used the Google search engine and typed “Greenhouse effect 2016.” The top results contained students’ guides and online newspaper articles, but I needed information from the scientific point of view. I chose the link to the website Live Science and examined the source before reading the article. My first impression was that the website was credible, and I tried to find the evidence. I looked through the section “About Us” and learned that Live Science’s mission was to provide knowledge about the natural and technological world. The website received numerous awards, for example, Webby Awards in the Science category, and collaborated with professional science reporters. It is regularly updated, and contact information for the leading contributors is given. One of them, Andrea Thompson, is the author of the article. I found accurate information about her education and career: she graduated from Georgia Tech with a Master’s in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences in 2006 and started writing about scientific discoveries in 2007 focusing on extreme climatic conditions and climate change. At the same time, she is the Senior Science Writer at Climate Central, the independent organization of scientists and journalists who concentrate on climate change studies. Thus, her experience and expertise are proven. As for the article, there are several references including NASA, the official source, and Climate Central. Overall, I suppose this source is reliable. Resu
Introduction It is imperative to mention that the role of cyberspace has been increasing, and it has become a vital part of the lives of many individuals. The issue is that numerous complications may occur if necessary measures are not taken. It is especially problematic when Moreover, it would be reasonable to guarantee their safety and well-being. A virtual community that is focused on the retail industry has been selected to review approaches that are currently used, and discuss the ways in which the situation may be improved. Several websites and message boards are used to do business with many companies. It can be viewed as a particular platform where manufacturers can communicate with customers, but the problem is that it is relatively small at the moment, and its members are trying to reach new target markets. Assumptions The current system is well-developed, and particular roles and relationships have already been established. However, some concerns regarding security are currently present. The website and forums are protected, but a lot more attention should have been devoted to additional safety measures. Moreover, another aspect that has been overlooked is that individuals may suffer from threats and abuse, and there is no option to block messages from such individuals. Furthermore, it complicates the situation because it leaves many members of the community unsatisfied. Objective The primary aim is to develop a set of goals that the community must reach to improve th
Introduction Globalization has influenced the growth of trade, to the point that countries engage in exports and imports transactions worth billions everyday. Governments take advantage of these transactions by drafting and implementing policies to promote their countries as preferable trading hubs. This status is important as it determines the angle with which the world views a country. Among the leading hubs currently are China and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Most of their status success is the result of their globally analyzed and approved trade policies, although China receives some criticism from the United States occasionally. The UAE is among the best examples of what other countries should be looking into to achieve global economic dominance. Definition of the Problem When the UAE became part of the World Trade Organization (WTO) back in 1996, it had to abide by its requirements. The WTO regulations require that member states reduce the frictions that slow down trade. Such barriers include trade tariffs and import tax imposed on certain commodities viewed to be crucial in the daily life of citizens. To do this, it adjusted its trade policies. With the adjustments, the countries ensured that it had created an international trading environment that supported, and therefore encouraged multilateral trade with other countries. This ensured that the country was successful in its quest to becoming the world leading open economy, getting ahead in international trade, and promoting competition (Ministry of Foreign Trade). All these required implementation of new policies that were attractive to the global business economy. The greatest of the new policy’s contents was the reduction of the interest rates to 5%. This may be the lowest interest rate offered by any country worldwide. Such is because of the market observation that there was a boom in the infrastructure sector in form of foreign direct investments. Establishment of Evaluation Criteria The WTO agreements heavily influenced the evaluation criteria. After signing in officially as members, the UAE bound itself to the regulations that it had to implement policies similar to those of other WTO member states. Leading economies such as the United States and Japan set precedence serving as the best that showed the way to go. Moreover, the UAE government had already drawn up a roadmap that indicated the destination of the country’s economy in the following decade. Alternative Policies The UAE, in their quest to attain economic leadership, ended up creating one of the biggest rifts between the rich and the poor. Most of its urban population being foreign includes an indigenous population that wallows below the poverty line. The leaders are acting upon this notice, as the government promotes education of this population through academic scholarships and student expenditure subsidies. With this, the poor will arm themselves with the right qualifications required to aid them in their steering of the country towards economic growth. Evaluation of Alternative Policy It is clear that the trade policies positively transformed the UAE economy to great height
Introduction Freedom of speech is synonymous with freedom of expression. These two terms do not only explain the ability to speak or voice opinions without limitation or interference, but also the use of other means in communicating or impacting information. This includes the use of expressions, music and art like painting, photography, and performing. In many countries, this freedom is provided for in as a basic freedom. Under the Universal Declaration of human rights in the United Nations there is a provision for this freedom. There are many genuine reasons why free speech is an important freedom. Reasons Expressing oneself is a basic and important aspect of life and is also part of the basis for communication; it is more instinctive than learned. Throughout childhood and life, freedom of speech supports the learning of an individual through the acquisition of new views, ideas, concepts and theories in scientific, social and other fields of education. One is able to participate in healthy debates and discussions, learn how to win and persuade in arguments and tolerate or even accept other people’s perceptions and ways of thinking. When an individual is able to express their ideas and opinions, it enables them to relate with others, participate in and enjoy interaction and bonding with other members of a group, team and community. The main importance of speech learning and development is to facilitate expression and help an individual to live in harmony with other people in society, making sure that there needs are met and their rights, values and principles are not violated. Limiting or interfering with the freedom to speak a
Kant suggested that there is one moral obligation, known as the “Categorical imperative”, and is constituted from the principle of duty. Categorical imperatives are concepts that are known to be suitable; they are valid in and of themselves; they must be followed in any way if our actions is to obey the moral law. Thus, categorical imperative acts as the basis of moral obligations. Kant’s Formula of Universal Law states: “Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law” (Korsgaard, 2). The formulation suggests that the imperative is both rational and moral. If it is abused then the subjects are behaving irrationally and immorally. The test for universal acceptance involve: determining the agent’s maxim; imagining that everyone in the same position as the real-world agent observed that maxim; deciding if there is any contradictions generated from the maxim; if there are contradictions, that maxim is unacceptable in the real world; and if no contradiction arise, then the maxim is acceptable. Kant implies that categorical imperative is an essential law of rationality and therefore morality should be derived from the law because morality ought to apply to every person despite inclination. Besides, an insightful way of viewing the essence of the universal test is to know that it makes it likely for an individual to test his or her reasons to analyze if they are reasons he or she would allow for anyone. Arriving at a maxim is always a difficult task, considering the fact that everybody is supposed to arrive at the same conclusions in aspects of duty. It is therefore an issue of what you can will should not result into contradiction. A Universal will generates contradiction in conceptions and contradiction in will (Korsgaad, 3). Summary of Hegel’s Criticism Hegel argues that the universal law of categorical imperative contradicts itself and it only provides an abstract understanding on the moral principle. The concept of universal law does not always happen in reality but only happens as a theoretical notion. “Act from maxims” implies that we should follow wills that are deemed to be universally acceptable by others. Sometimes such laws are not always universal. For the realization of duty, Kant has suggested nothing but the form of duty, which is the rule of abstract understanding.
Power : It is the ability to achieve a desired outcome. Power encompasses but not limited to the ability of oneself to do something or the capability of a government to grow the economy. On a political scale, power is thought as the ability to make someone involuntarily do something. Power can be political, personal, and economic. The young North Korea leader, Kim Jong Un has got power over his people. He commands his forces to be ready for an attack on South Korea and United States of America (USA). The Koreans heed to his call and turn out for the rally. On the other hand, South Korea and the USA have got economic power. South Korea funds the joint factory park in North Korea. It also provides work force to the factory. Both countries have sophisticated war equipment including planes and nuclear weapons. Sovereignty : Sovereignty means absolute and unlimited power within some geographical scope. It can be legal or political. Legal sovereignty is the total independence of the law making organs. Political sovereignty is the independence to entirely control, an area with no external interference. Kim says that, the government, political parties, and organizations in North Korea held a joint statement. In the statement, they warn South Korea and (USA) of a possible attack without any prior notice if they are provoked. They promise to deal with the southerners according to “wartime regulations”. South Korean down plays the Northerners’ threats, c