ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In American culture, the color red symbolizes faithfulness and a medium of communication. In the short story, ‘The Red Convertible’ by writer Louise Erdrich, the red color is associated with the bond of brotherhood through a red Oldsmobile that they had bought together in their youth. The story revolves around the relationship of the two brothers, Henry and Lyman, who kept the Oldsmobile as a symbol of communication between them. The car reminds readers of the good time the two brothers had before Henry participated in the war and the effects he carried along with him when the war was over. The story begins with the journey of two brothers in their Oldsmobile to Alaska. This reflects a good time in their lives as they made the road trip on this car. The readers are made to think about the strong bond of the two brothers speeding away to Alaska on their car. The impression readers get is that the Oldsmobile adds strength to their relationship and keeps them united. It was on this shiny red convertible that these brothers made their journey. However, when they reached home from their journey, Henry realized that the call for duty has come and he needs to participate in the war of the USA with Vietnam (Madden 241). The call to serve the military immediately draws the readers to think that Henry would be moving out from the life of his brother and his beloved Oldsmobile he cared for so much care. This notion becomes true when Henry agrees to leave for the military service leaving the car under his brother’s authority. As the car is the symbol of communication between the two brothers, this act denotes that there would be no contact or connection between the two brothers during the time of war as that he would be doing the job he has been asked to do for his country (Madden 242). When Henry returns home after the war, he has merely no interest in the car and his brother. The author shows that he has been affected by the horrors of the war and chosen to stay disconnected with the world. Because the car formed a bond between the two brothers, lack of interest towards Oldsmobile meant that Henry also felt less attached to his brother. There was no riding like the old times, and lack of such activities proves that there was no excitement in the lives of both of them. This feeling of being neglected makes Lyman destroy the car by banging it up with a hammer so that he could seek his brother’s attention (Madden 245). Once again, the car is used by the author to describe the relationship between the two brothers. Just like the car, their relationship was also banged up. Though Lyman did destroy the car, it is just an indication of how the relationship between the two brothers is. After seeing the ca,r Henry responds by saying, “before going to the war, the car ran perfectly well. Now I assume it won’t even start” (Madden 245). When Henry says the following word
Theory Description Criminology theories offer different reasoning for committing crimes. According to McGee, Farrington, Homel, and Piquero (2015), life-course criminology is one of the most used theoretical approaches to crime analysis. This perspective views one’s criminal activities as a dynamic process influenced by various circumstances. According to this theory, people may start engaging in illegal activities because of their environment, influences, and living conditions. Such aspects as one’s childhood experiences, for instance, can impact his or her decision in the future. This theory states that different life events can change one’s attitude and create specific behavior patterns that may lead to offending. Life-course approach can differentiate some possible factors that affect one’s life choices. First of all, individual characteristics are a broad category of factors that can impact a person’s life (McGee et al., 2015). Second, one’s family can also affect his or her development of offending behaviors. Hurtful childhood memories, poor relationships between family members, verbal and physical abuse, and parental patterns of criminal career can make a person engage in illegal activities. Third, socio-economic factors are also critical in shaping one’s personality. While they may not affect every person the same way, financial struggles, for example, can become a strong motivator for an individual to commit a crime. Other possible factors can include one’s relationships, neighborhood, and age. The life-course theory does not consider each aspect in isolation, instead focusing on the combination of multiple factors and their connections with each other. Moreover, this approach does not rely solely on various inherent characteristics. It is interested in the fluidity of one’s behavior and the process of change. Supporting Article Analysis The life-course branch of criminology is supported by many scholars as it chooses to employ a sophisticated approach to criminal behavior. For instance, Broidy et al. (2015) note that this theory can be considered the foundation of criminology as a whole because it offers a qualitative description of the behavioral patterns of offending. The article focuses on many personal traits of persons and also highlights the importance of such inherent characteristics as one’s gender and race. The authors point out that while other factors are also crucial to the process of developing offending behavior, one’s ethnicity and gender can affect individuals’ life and, therefore, impact their life choices. In this case, these two characteristics are viewed as the basis of further life choices. The study by Broidy et al. (2015) analyzes a group of people who were born at the beginning of the 1980s. These individuals had contacts with the criminal justice system at some point in life. The results of the study reveal a connection between one
Vicarious liability is a term used to refer to situations where parents are punished because of the offenses committed by their children. This happens because it is assumed that children are not conscious about their actions, and thus parents should regulate their behavior. There are advantages and disadvantages of this liability, and this paper will focus on both sides, that is, the positive and the negative. Vicarious liability is an act of law practiced in many countries and exercised on children who are above the age of eight to ten years, and ends when a child reaches eighteen or nineteen years depending on the country one resides in. Vicarious liability states that a parent shall be held accountable for any offense committed by their child. The offenses include murder, access to firearms, and driving recklessly among many other offenses. In such a case, the parent is made to pay for the financial penalty charged by the court. However, Harbord (2006) points out that some countries have an established limit that a financial penalty cannot exceed. In other words, vicarious liability views parental responsibility, just as organizations are held accountable for the faults done by their employees. Many people are in support of this legislation because many parents are ignorant about the conduct of their children. There are many situations where justice is denied, just because the offender was a minor, but with vicarious liability, at least there is surety of justice being served. This is because if such offenders were left unpunished parents could take advantage of the situation and thus use their children to harm other people because their children are immune from the law. Besides, children do not know what is wrong or right, and it is the responsibility of every parent to teach her/his children about good morals because that way they will grow to be responsible citizens. Additionally, if a child is not corrected while still young, it would be difficult to mold him/her once he/she is fully grown into an adult. In this regard, there are several advantages of punishing parents for the crimes committed by their children. Vicarious liability makes the parents to be fully committed to regulating the behavior of their children because they know that if they break the law in one way or another they will surely pay for it. According to Giliker (2010), this act further makes parents cautious about the activities of their children, such as their movements and their interactions with people. This vigilance entails assuming the role of a supervisor over one’s children. Vicarious liability contributes to reducing the rates of crimes because many criminals use children as accomplices in committing crimes. They do this by using them as vessels of delivering drugs and weapons because no one would suspect them: this includes children who escape from their homes. However, there is a lot of criticism of this act. The first argument is that it fails to achieve the purpose of punishment, which entails correcting the offender. This is because in vicarious liability the real culprit is not punished, and thus may not learn the intended lesson. Statsky (200
Any society can be compared to a living organism that gets born, grows and changes according to the time, environment and processes that go on internally. Any group of people has their own beliefs and regulations which are backed up by history, traditions and culture. In any society there are people who get their opinion widely known and they are sometimes called visionaries. For the past twenty years, society has experienced many rapid changes, and thinkers and writers often offered their opinions, as to what is going on under the surface and where the present world is going to be in the future. All societies have intricate traditions and structures with work and leisure time. One of the oldest activities that people are engaged in is sports or any kind of physical games. Steve Craig, in his book titled “Sports and Games of the Ancients” looks at how societies view games and how they are comprehended personally and socially. One of the important points is that each society has a form of games that are played publicly, for people’s entertainment. Socially, it says several things, as the population is very multifaceted. Primarily, it is that people need a form of entertainment tha
In the future, HR professionals are likely to embrace a scenario where they will have to deliver sustainable value for the organization in terms of achieving top-line growth and bottom-line profitability rather than focus on traditional HR roles, such as negotiating and managing terms and conditions of employees and facilitating administrative transactions. Additionally, HR professionals are more likely to be integrated into the business processes and mission statements of the organization, ensuring that their functions are aligned with strategic initiatives and business outcomes of the firm. In light of this trend, future HR professionals are more likely to focus on organizational deliverables and business process outcomes rather than traditional HR activities. Lastly, HR professionals will not only become more dependent than ever on softer organizational agendas such as talent and capabilities to achieve positive business outcomes, but will also seek to shift into competent and business-focused executives with the view to avail intellectual and process leadership for people and organizational challenges (Ulrich & Brockbank, 2009). As HR professionals look forward to the future, they require clear thinking, effective practices and insightful research to be able to surmount the challenge of shifting from traditional HR practices to accommodate more business-oriented roles as demanded by the ever shifting and increasingly competitive business environment. Future business environment demands HR professionals to have new knowledge and expertise to not only connect their work directly to the business, but also use newly emerging information and communication technologies to drive organizational success and improve efficiency of HR administrative work. Lastly, HR professionals must develop strategies to surmount the challenge of rapid cultural and organizational change by increasingly adopting the role of identifying, stewarding, and supporting the changes as they come. Such strategies will not only improve the capabilities of the organization to compete and grow by turning what is known into what is routinely done, but will link external organizational identity to internal employee actions and behavior (Ulrich & Brockbank, 2009). Reference List Ulrich, D., & Brockbank, W. (2009). The HR business-partner model: Past learnings and future challenges. People & Strategy, 32 (2), 5-7.
The US Farm Bill is a collection of laws that addresses a number of agricultural issues (Smith 67). The Congress debates the bill every five to seven years. Once approved, the bill is forwarded for appropriations. During the appropriation stage, the amount of funds that should be allocated to every law is established. The US Farm Bill has been in existence for over 80 years. As such, the first bill was enacted in the year 1933. Nadine Lehrer, who has been studying the bill, asserts, “The bill was developed in the wake of 1930’s farm crisis to bring farm incomes up to the par with the required minimum incomes” (Lehrer 5). Currently, over 15 related bills have been enacted. Every time the bill is passed, the US Congress makes alterations or deferrals to the requirements of permanent law. Mary Conner maintains, “The Congress can approve, alter, or abolish the provisions of previous provisional agricultural acts” (Conner 87). Through this, new policies with respect to agricultural acts can be set forth. Despite its alleged advantages, the 2014 Farm Bill will affect a number of small-scale farmers and some food industries. From the year 1973, Farm Bills have compromised of names of agricultural programs, trade, rural improvement, and farm management measures (Conner 90). Unluckily, several original plans that were created to enhance abundant and quality foods for citizens and reasonable returns for farmers have been suppressed or substituted with plans tailored at benefiting business groups’ welfare over the farmers’ welfare. Despite the heated criticism, a number of individuals believe that the bill will revolutionize farming in the US. The editor of Washington Post states, “The bill’s drafters call for support because it eradicates the direct payment subsidy and leads a number of incremental improvements” ( In Congress’s Farm Bill 1). Based on the above analysis, it is apparent that Farm Bills are very contentious and can affect global trade, ecological conservation programs, food security, and the farmers’ welfare. To address these issues, the Farm Bill should be sustainable. As such, the bill should be able to benefit the farmers and enhance food security in America. Over the last few months, several debates about Farm Bill have been experienced in the USA. Its supporters have applauded the 2014 Farm Bill ( In Congress’s Farm Bill 1). The supporters comprise of crop insurance industries and a number of US senators. The group believes that progress in agricultural projects has been made in the last few years. The crop insurance industries have thanked Congress for passing the bill. The group believes that the bill will enhance their loyalty to crop insurance. As such, the group chairperson believes ten years to come; the industry will be grateful for the benefits brought by the 2014 Farm Bill. According to the drafters of the bill, the Farm Bill is anticipated to lessen agricultural deficits by $16.6 billion in the next ten years ( In Congress’s Farm Bill 1). About $5.3 billion of these savings will materialize by
Such a term as sustainability is discussed by many policy-makers, engineers, and scientists who try to work out the policies that can decrease the influence of human activities on nature. Very often, this term is described as the ability to function independently. Moreover, this notion implies that individuals should take several actions to become less vulnerable to the changes in the external environment. This paper is aimed at showing that it is critical for people to become more sustainable because in this way they can better adjust to economic problems, environmental challenges, and social changes. This is the main thesis that should be elaborated. When speaking about this topic, one should focus on such issues the adoption of alternative energy technologies and the use of products which enable people to reduce various threats to the environment. These are the main questions that should be examined more closely. Overall, the idea of sustainability began to be used widely in the sixties and seventies (Ricketts 20). At that time, people became aware of various threats that manufacturing enterprises could pose to the environment. For example, one can speak about the indiscriminate use of pesticides which can pollute soil or water and pose risks to the health of people (Ricketts 21). These concerns led to the adoption of various laws aimed at protecting the environment. For instance, one can mention the Clean Water Act or the Wilderness Act (Ricketts 21). These legislative acts were supposed to reduce the impact of human activities on the environment. It should be born in mind that the idea of sustainability enjoyed significant popularity among people who “opposed to the prevailing structures of society and drawn to voluntaristic associations with weak internal authority” (Ricketts 22). Among them, one can distinguish students who believed that individuals were obliged to protect the society from various risks such as air pollution or nuclear waste. However, in the future, their beliefs were accepted as a norm. In turn, the contemporary notions of sustainability include other elements. In particular, one should focus on the efficient use of resources. This argument is particularly important if one speaks about the efforts of many countries to decrease their oil dependency. Moreover, one should focus on the use of products that can pose a lesser threat to the environment. For instance, one can speak about energy-efficient vehicles
Introduction If we set a task to analyze the political system of Germany or the Federal Republic of Germany, it is of the utmost importance for us to take into consideration the historical background of this country, which is undoubtedly very complex, because without it our analyses will be a little bit one-sided. Analysis First, it should be mentioned that after the downfall of the Third Reich the country came under control of two superpowers: the United States of America and the USSR. It stands to reason that the political systems in this two separated parts of Germany were entirely different from each other. However, the situation underwent a significant change in 1920 and Germany gained independence as a sovereign country and was reunited. Since the reunification, the country has always taken an active part as a peacekeeper and the leading member of the European Union. H However, we have to admit that such events as the World War II and the long years could not but leave its imprint on the political system of Germany, in the overwhelming majority of cases, it goes for the Eastern Germany that had been under the control of the Soviet Union for nearly fifty years. Naturally, the effects of this rule are still very noticeable especially if we consider the financial situation in this part of the country, which still leaves much to be desired (Glaab, 123). Overall, it should be mentioned that Germany is widely known as the parliamentary, federal, democratic republic. It is quite possible to say that the political system of this country still operates under according to the Constitution laid out in 1949. It should be mentioned that the country has a multi-party political system and this is firmly declared as one of the basic principles. As far as the executive power is concerned, it is worth mentioning that it belongs to the government, which is leaded by the Federal Chancellor. This position is to a certain degree equivalent to the Prime Minister in the United Kingdom. The incumbent chancellor of Germany is Angela Merkel, who the first woman ever elected to this position. The chancellor is entitled to change the structure of ministers. It is also worth mentioning that contrast with the chancellor the role if role of the President is mostly representative or even ceremonial. As it has already been mentioned before the past events of the German history have a strong influence on the present political system of The Republic of German. First we have to mention that the function of the President is reduced to mere representation of the country in order to avoid the tragedy of Weimar Republic. The President elections are held every five years, it is done by the Federal Assembly or the (Bundesfersammlunf) as it is also known(Becker, 2001). As far as the legislative power is concerned, we should mention that the country has two chambers of parliament. The first one is called “Bundestag ” or Federal Diet. It is believed by many sociologist
The Mill on the Floss was published in 1860 when a vast majority of people believed that women and men had inherently different capabilities. These beliefs were deeply embedded in the dominant culture and social order of the era and were frequently exposed and criticized by 19th-century authors. The theme of gender discrimination can be found in the novel in the storylines of Maggie Tulliver and her brother Tom. For instance, since very childhood, Maggie was very curious and smart and yearned to learn new things. However, female education in the 19th century was almost non-existent, and parents rarely sent girls to schools as women did not play an active social role and mostly became caretakers. The risk of getting no education hanged over Maggie as well because Mr. Tulliver preferred to send Tom to school instead of her. At the same time, Maggie was exposed to more strict behavioral expectations than Tom and other male characters. For instance, she was forced against her interest to do various chores and engage in regular activities that women were expected to like and perform, such as patchwork: Oh dear, oh, dear, Maggie, what are you thinkin’ of to throw your bonnet down there? Take it upstairs, there’s a good girl, an’ let your hair be brushed, and put your other pinafore on, an’ change your shoes – do, for shame; an’ come an’ go on with your patchwork, like a little lady (Eliot 11). Since Maggie considered patchwork a “foolish work” and often did not conform to an image of a lady, she frequently encountered disapproval on the part of others, both males and females (Eliot 12). However, a punishment that a girl could receive for not behaving like a lady was incomparable in its severity to the punishment that an adult woman could face. In Maggie’s case, her deviant behavior made her a social outcast. When Tom became the master of the mill, he wanted his sister to be a housekeeper. However, instead of leading this traditional way of life, Maggie gave in to her feelings and chose to run away with Stephen Guest. The romance did not last for long, and she shortly returned home without marrying him. As a result, people became outraged by her behavior and started to look down upon her. Noteworthily, all the blame for this brief romance was laid on the woman’s shoulders, whereas Stephen was not judged by anyone. Even Maggie’s brother turns away from her when she comes back home for refuge: You will find no home with me, he answered with tremulous rage. ‘You have disgraced us all. You have disgraced my father’s name. You have been a curse to your best friends … I wash my hands of you forever. You don’t belong to me (Eliot 434). The overall situation that intensified the conflict between Maggie and Tom demonstrates that men in the Victorian era enjoyed much more freedom than females who were subject to multiple prejudices. In accordance with the values of the dominant culture and common gender stereotypes, Tom believed that his