ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Mass media is the medium of communication intended for a large audience (Smith); it is a form of communication which involves broadcasting messages through use of the modern technology such as television, cable television, radio and print media among many other forms (Sauza). Additionally, today, the internet also falls under this category of the mass media due to its wide use in the current era of globalization which is a factor that has greatly contributed to major developments in the mass media through advocating for freedom of the media in very diverse ways (Sauza). This research paper will focus on the concept of mass media in general as well as the the impact of the mass media in today’s society. Roles and importance of the mass media In most cases the mass media targets a very large market, in fact a whole population of a given country and sometimes the entire world’s population. However this depends with the type of media and the mission it has been established to achieve; the local media is designed in a way that it only covers a small population in a given demographic region such as a province or a country (smith). As such it is entirely responsible for covering local out breaking news and sensitive issue such as the national political activities of the given region. On the other hand, the international or larger media is responsible for delivering reliable and investigative news update, global political activities and even sporting activities that are happening across the globe (Smith). This category of media includes the well-known BBC, CNN and Reuters among others. Due to the fact that media is a public phenomenon, it is therefore the responsibility of the mass media to offer quality services to the general public by covering various and diverse topics which are happening. One of the main responsibilities of the mass media is to keep people informed of what is a happening around truthfully. This is because the public in general needs to know of what is happening within it environs (Smith); so in general the mass media will investigate the happenings on the ground and present the facts to the people in order to inform on what is happening. This explains why television, radio and the print media is mostly filled up with news ranging from political activities, past events, documentaries, sporting activities and other informative news. Apart from informing the public and updating about the recent and breaking news, the mass media is also responsible for entertaining the general public in many areas. The mass media has a variety of entertainment programs for all groups ranging from cartons for the young children and movie or films for the older generation. Through such entertainment programs which are offered in wide range the mass media is able to create a balance of events and make the public to have a break from the stress of life. Additionally, the mass media is also responsible for educating the public and therefore keeping them enlightened through various programs that are offe
Before the Second World War, a number of world powers, including Britain, France, and the US had attained their war objectives. This implies that they had prepared amicably to face any enemy in the international system. Before the war, Germany had been reduced to a military cipher while the rest of European powers had been weakened economically. In other words, France and Germany had hegemonic powers in Europe because their militaries could not be matched with those of other states in the continent. In the postwar period, Britain and France could not agree over simple issues because of mistrust and suspicion. In fact, they were unable to control major issues affecting the continent, particularly security issues. The British and French could not come with a single foreign policy that could dictate what was to be done in the continent. Since the two major powers could not agree over issues, they adopted the policy of appeasement, which was very dangerous to othe
Introduction Charles Postel’s book, The Populist Vision , has provided an exhaustive explanation of the American populism during the late nineteenth century. The Populist Vision still stands out as the most convincing and gripping examination of the populist movement of all the time. After reading the book, one wonders how a writer could have the power to alter the restraints that governed a key historiographical contest. By referring to previous works of Richard Hofstadter and Lawrence Goodwyn, the author develops a new account of populism where proponents of agrarianism reacted to politics surrounding the growth of international trade in a reasonable and comprehensible way. Postel (7) disputes the thought that populists were upright democratic intellects. He views them as individuals molded by their own generation with the aim of providing contemporary solutions to economic challenges whilst promoting classical ideas of the social ladder. The Populist Vision The narration provided by Charles Postel in The Populist Vision draws support from a vast volume of research comprised of newspapers, leaflets, and reports. The author begins his narration by explaining the origins of the Populist Movements, which according to his research, was stirred by the Farmers’ Alliance in the Midwest and southern region during the 1870s and 1880s. After going through the speeches made by influential populists such as Charles W. Macune, Postel (13) notes that the desire of most supporters and leaders of the Farmer’s Alliance in the late nineteenth century was to promote technological development and a business organizational structure that would increase agricultural yields. He appreciates the effort of farmers to device means of resolving the modern economic issues. For example, he observes that in the South and West, farmers recommended that the state should subsidize products to increase the agricultural sales in the global market (Postel 45). Postel (276) explains why farmers were steadfast in preaching the need for education as well as vocational training during the agrarian age by arguing that it would lead to a more contemporary and industrious life. As per his observation, the farmers were aware of the importance of transforming their independent Farmer’s Alliance to a Populist Party that could speak to a greater population on the need for a just as well as lucrative agricultural competition by introducing brilliant federal policies to govern the economy. Moreover, Postel (83) asserts that the populist thinkers discreetly preached the need for state reforms on certain issues such as currency and railroad development through Christian messages, whilst their corporate political character was still evident. The greater half of the book analyses the Populist politics. The author asserts that the movement aspired to create a platform where politics would be used to establish reasonable, unbiased, and businesslike le
Introduction The Modern Sciences University (UMS) is one of the United Arab Emirates Universities based in Dubai. The institution’s strategic management has enabled it to be renowned for its versatile teaching and learning achievements. UMS offers support that encompasses extraordinary quality and all-inclusive education to students from diverse backgrounds. Academia is devoted to providing contemporary science programs that are focused on diverse careers. Food and nutrition, biomedical, engineering, and business are among the fields of study offered at UMS. The University’s purposefully integrated learning enables individuals to gain academic and ethical virtues, aptitudes, as well as awareness required for the occupation. The highly planned programs empower individuals to work in different employment marketplaces, including worldwide, regional, and nationwide arenas. The University provides individuals with all-time influence and knowledge required in their daily existence. This paper examines the UMS vision, mission, along with the organization’s strategic goals. Besides, it explores the SWOT and PEST analysis before deliberating on the UMS strategic group competition as well as the product positioning. The UMS Organizational structure The UMS vision and mission The dream of UMS under its strategic management is to deliver favorable channels for every learner in their bid of developing into prolific and innovative society. The vision ensures that individuals are furnished with current experiences, abilities, and understanding. The Academia provides excellent education atmosphere that sustains learners in need of the valued amenities. Indeed, this vision is envisaged in the UMS resolute combination of the practical education that offers individuals with the understanding, talents, ethics, and intrinsic academic worth. The UMS mission is to offer appropriate edification environment for the success of the devoted scholars with varied abilities and interests through the passionate Faculty, staff, and specialized management. Therefore, the Campus is dedicated to delivering career-oriented services in contemporary learning disciplines like trade, production, biomedicine, and nourishment (UMS, 2014). The UMS strategic goals The University of Modern Sciences has varied ambitions targeted at education and growth of local and international civilization. UMS intends to provide malleable and virtuous learning prospects in the managerial science and scientific disciplines. The facility also aims at backing up the learners through inspirational and academic procedures. Thus, students gain an appropriate set of factual practice, study methods, teaching, and learning as the groundwork apparatus in learning (UMS, 2014). The management aspires to guarantee excellence in the learning programs using outside, and interior continued support of the finale products. Equally, UMS is aimed at directing the scholars to adjust and develop their critical thinking in meeting the market dema
Introduction John Gotti was born on October 27, 1940. Until his death while serving a prison sentence, he was the godfather of the powerful crime gang family; the Gambino family. He was dubbed “The Teflon Don”, because of his ingenuity in tricking America’s law enforcers and beating prosecutors in watertight cases. He had a dominant personality, was hot tempered and his readiness to fight made him the leader of a local gang. He was incarcerated for the first time in 1968 for hijacking trucks and got out in 1972 becoming the right hand-man to Carlo Gambino. He killed James McBratney who had kidnapped and killed Gambino’s son thereby improving his status in the mafia. He later succeeded to the throne of the Gambino family after the death of Carlo Gambino. He was nicknamed The Dapper Don due to his meticulous appearance and cutting a public image with heroic activities (BBC, 2002; Mustain and Capeci, 2002). Theories Edwin Sunderland Edwin Sunderland developed the differential association theory in criminology which embraces sociology in analyzing crime. He asserted that crime is a behavior that is learned by interacting with family, peers and or associations. By associating with them, people learn different techniques of crime, crime motives and specific rationale in crime. The theory explains reasons for an individual’s deviant behavior. Sunderland asserted that an individual’s criminality will depend on the different associations that treat crime as either positive or negative such that when favorable deviance beat negative counterparts, crime paths are opened. He further proposed that the associations vary in quality by duration, frequency, intensity and priority; he concludes that if an individual has earlier associations, crime will have greater influence on such an individual (Vandelay, 2010). Robert Merton Robert Merton developed the strain theory also called the anomie theory. It has been acclaimed as one of the most influential sociological deviance assertion. According to Merton (n.d.), there is no inner drive for crime nor is crime of a single person but rather crime and deviance are normal aspects in our society. He further argues that crime is a requirement in our society for the society to achieve social progress and generate solidarity. According to h
Anthropology is a science that aims to comprehend humans from their different sides. About two hundred years anthropologists have been gathering all possible information about people living in scattered places. Scientists examined different monographs, ethnographic books, and spent several years living with those people in order to properly describe their unique mode of life and history. To compare cultures is not to deny their individual uniqueness. Ethnography and comparative research deal with the same observable characteristics, but they look differently at reality (Ember, 1). The political organization is also important for anthropology research. The knowledge about different societies’ organization facilitates the task to estimate the level of social development and find the prerequisites for present time political and social events. A band society or a band is one of the simplest patterns of human society organization. As a rule, it consists of a small group of people whose number does not prevail over the number of extended family. On average, band society can count up to 50 individuals. Band is a free society organization. The leadership in power structure has informal character. The oldest member of the band is considered to be the leader and the “governor” possessing the right for guidance, advice giving and decision making. However, important decisions are taken on a consensus basis. There are no strict laws nor compulsory rules of behavior. The only moral principles are contained in oral customs and traditions. Religion is based on traditions as well. The other premises for its existence are individual experience or prophecies and advice from shaman. Another type of society organization worth scientists’ attention is tribal society. According to Shorter, “Tribe is a whole society, having a high degree of self-sufficiency at near-subsistence level, based on a relatively simple technology, without writing a literature, politically autonomous and with its own distinctive language, culture, sense of identity and religion” (2). It is considered to be a relatively simple type of organization, though its internal structure varies greatly in different cases. The distinctive feature of tribalism is the strong cultural distinction between members of different tribes. The Shavante inhabit the Mato Grasso region in Brazil. Although the Shavante practice some agriculture, they rely primarily on food collection. The Shavante have villages, but they rarely stay in them for more than a few weeks at a time. Age-sets are extremely important part of Shavante society, particularly for males. For Shavante women, then, the age-set system does not function as association(Ember, 405-406). In conclusion I would like to say that bands differ from tribes by number of members and families. There are definite social institutions in tribes presented by elders or chiefs. Bands are less stable than tribes. Tribes usually have subdivisions. Thus, a band may be a part of a tribe. Nevertheless, tribes rely on common primary instincts for their survival and organization. Instincts are taken into account while resolving the question of the
Boosting the ability to fight against infections relies on the efficacy of the recommended therapeutic regimen. This strategy has proven to be effective with specially designed antigenic preparations known as vaccines. The discovery of small pox vaccine by Sir Edward Jenner might have drawn the attention of many researchers and venture capitalists to invent and produce novel vaccines for a variety of life threatening conditions. We might have heard about vaccines since our early childhood days as they were considered as the crucial stages of vaccine administration. But, concerns do exist about these promising candidates on the grounds that they induce side affects. As such, this issue has become more prominent in the recent period and appears to warn parents before blindly vaccinating their children. So, there is need to make an in depth review about vaccines in connection with this controversy. Initially, knowing the constituents or ingredients that make up the vaccine may help in better understanding the risk. To start with the well known Polio vaccine, it has Polio virus/ monkey kidney cell, beef heart infusion/fetal bovine serum, formaldehyde, phenol/ phenoxyethanol, dry natural latex rubber and neomycin as ingredients and the side effects i
The financial crisis that hit the globe late in 2007, grossly affected the financial markets stability across the globe. As governments made attempts to salvage the crisis, it became apparent that financial institutions were amongst the most hits. According to the IMF report, the stock markets in the developed nations declined by between 50-75%, the USA and UK included (International Monetary Fund 2009). Other than this, mortgage holders default their payments putting the banks at a very tricky position. The US alone is believed to have lost up to 416.2 trillion worth of equity in 2008. Several investment banks collapsed while the high street banks had to be rescued through government sponsored packages amounting to more than $1 trillion. Several months, up to July, 2008, the sudden decline in the house prices resulted into a loss of up to $2.4 trillion, offsetting the bank’s balance sheets (Foster & Magdoff 2009). A case in hand to show the actual impact of the financial crisis is Bear Stearns whose share prices declined by up to 80% prior to its acquisition by JP Morgan, a rival bank. The current stock market’s crush can simply be designed as taking the path of what happened in the 2008 banking crisis, and an indication of what is yet to go through. The crippling of the financial system in the US and the UK in the period beginning late 2007 was a product of crippling loans. Understanding how the development of the prices of shares, corporate bonds and loans relate to the 2007 financial crisis requires some level of understanding of the subprime lending facilities that played a major contributory role in the financial crisis. The lending and mortgage system in the U.S. and the U.K. world has gone through the significant changes during previous decades – the old system where banks used balance-sheet money to lend has been replaced with a system where mortgages are securitized, i.e. transformed into financial instruments, and sold to investors (Greenlaw, Jan, Anil, & Hyun 2008). The process of securitizing mortgages includes a long chain of intermediaries and the risk of the mortgages, thus becomes transferred far away from the actual source. To provide safety, the mortgage instruments were hedged with either credit derivatives or by companies specialized in insuring financial instruments, e.g. monoline insurers, further increasing the distance between the asset (e.g. mortgage) and the investor. At the beginning of the 21th century, rates of interest in the United States and the United Kingdom were substantially reduced and as a result, loans, credits facilities as well as mortgages facilities were easily accessible. With
Introduction Living in a present-day society means following its trends, which are frequently completely irrational and, what is more important, harmful to young people. One of them is the establishment of beauty standards and their fast development, which is conditional upon the involvement of social media platforms, such as Instagram or Twitter. This phenomenon leads to body shaming as a response to one’s unwillingness or inability to adjust to these imaginary rules. As a result, individuals begin to suffer from low self-esteem, which adversely affects their functioning as citizens, whereas highlighting their uniqueness might have the opposite outcome. Therefore, the best solution for eliminating the unrealistic expectations for one’s looks is the emphasis on body positivity, which can contribute to a shift from the need to conform to self-appreciation regardless of external factors. Adverse Trends in Social Media and Their Impact The mentioned adverse trends in social media are connected to the erroneous perceptions of individuality by people. They are especially critical for adolescents who pay
If one asks what the government of the United States is, the answer is most likely to be “democratic.” The word “democracy,” with all its positive connotations, invokes the image of people exercising their political rights by voting in open elections for the candidates they support and trusting and respecting the emerging results. Even though the United States did not start as a democracy and it took hundreds of years to ensure voting rights for the general populations in its entirety, these are still not the grounds to view American voting as a success. While there is a technical possibility of voting, the trust in the system is rapidly declining – and, unless it is regained, Americans can lose the conviction that their votes matter as they should in a democracy. If one looks at the history of election rights in the United States, it would be easy to paint as a triumphant march toward voter inclusion. Yet the country did not begin as a democracy – on the contrary, it started on the premise that “voting was not a right but a privilege” and, as such, should be reserved for property-owning white males (Keyssar 9). The first major expansion came during the so-called Jacksonian Democracy when states began dropping property requirements, and considerable numbers of propertyless white men received the right to vote (Keyssar 50). The next major step came in 1868 when Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment and proclaimed that voting rights would not be abridged based on race or condition of servitude (Keyssar 100). Finally, yet another step in the long process of expanding legal voting rights to the broader population, women received voting rights on the federal level in 1919, with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment supported by President Wilson himself (Keyssar 219). Thus, if one looks superficially at this progress, it may seem that the history of voting in the United States was an ultimate success. Yet the problem with this approach is that it only considers the situation de jure rather than de facto . If one thinks about it logically, legal opportunity to vote does not necessarily mean that people can or will exercise their political rights in practice. American history demonstrates a broad range of political practices designed to limit voting rights for certain groups – most often African Americans in Southern states. During and after the Reconstruction, Southern whites terrorized the black population into refraining from voting, often with the use of violence (Epperly et al. 758). Another approach was disenfranchising selected groups, such as those convicted of a crime – which, in the Southern judicial system, tended to be overwhelmingly black (Epperly et al. 759). These examples demonstrate that it was perfectly possible in the United States to have a Constitution that seemingly guaranteed universal suffrage and the political reality that undercut it in local, regional, or sectional interests. With this in mind, it becomes hard