ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Exploring Genie case that attracted attention in 1970, the scientists found and opportunity to test the unique situation. A girl who was imprisoned in a home by her father was not able to interact with the world. Due to enormous specific and significance, Genie case gave the possibility to make a research. However, this situation has raised “serious questions about the validity and ethics” (Jones, 1995, p. 261). Genie case can be considered as an ethical dilemma, where, from one point of view, the scientist can investigate the important issues of the human nature, but, from another side, the scientific approach seems inhuman and doubtful. As the scientists explore the problem of human communication, interaction and learning process, they found this situation as a natural experiment. According to the Belmont Report that describes the basic ethical principles for research, it is highly important to respect the personal rights. The person who is an object of investigation should have the freedom of choice. In case of the person with diminished autonomy, there must be provided protection. All information about the research should be provided in order to follow the respect of person (“The Belmont Report”, 1979). The research must do not harm an object and benefit as much as possible. In case of Genie, we can conclude that the girl could not get the information about the research and her autonomy was not protected. It was the experiment on human nature where the respect of person was neglected in order to get the scientific results. Benefi
The article is significantly discussing the perspectives that one must encompass during the training of the entire employees of an organization. The management should not just organize a training session before carrying out a deeper analysis of the reasons and results of the training. In addition, the management must understand the logistics involved during training; for instance, the materials required for successful training session, the training activities involved must be of different nature in order to facilitate comprehension, mastery, and application. Some activities like role-play and involving real life aspects should be inculcated in the training sessions. Experts who understand the needs of the trainees should view training as a learning process that changes behavior. In this aspect, there will be minimal chances of problem misdiagnosis. The expertise must carry out a thorough research to unearth more information on the problem than mere assumptions. In this research, the facilitators engage all stakeholders and get their opinions on the problem and possible ways forward. Considerably, training can be a great investment to a firm if the facilitators a masses a lot of knowledge in the field they are conducting the exercise (Rosner, 1999). Moreover, the article advices the Chief Executive Officers and the directors of companies not just to conduct training to its management and middle and lower-level employees for the sake of it. For example, in addressing customers’ loyalty to the firm’s products, training ought to be done to the middle and lower-level employees and not to the managerial, as the latter do not have direct contact with the customers (Rosner, 1999). On the other front, the management ought to understand, historically, how such hitches were addressed. This idea will help them to decide on what options to choose to solve the current problems. The article lays emphasis on the management to view a problem from all perspectives, not in a fixated mind, in order to avoid misuse of funds on training. The article is making an effort in ensuring that the employees are more productive in their performance. Notably, the Human Resource Management (HRM) does not only use these individuals productively to attain the strategic objectives of the organization but also satisfy the employees’ needs. The HRM’s mandate is to find solutions to problems that affect these individuals in order to get the best result out of their effort (Heathfield, n.d.). For example, in the trainings, the facilitators must understand and incorporate the company’s corporate culture. This scenario helps the employees to learn on the does and don’ts while within the company. Remarkably, if this is not done, employees
Garamond is a name that can be frequently found in typography since it is the name given to a variety of Old Style fonts. The history of Garamond font dates many centuries back to the lifetime of Claude Garamond, a punch-cutter and publisher who lived and worked in France during the 1500s. Historically, this punch-cutter is known as the first professional who acted as a retailer and made the design and sale of punches his business. Since back then, the laws of private inventions were underdeveloped. The designed never managed to acquire any revenues from his inventions even though they became incredibly influential all around Europe of that time. Greek, Roman, and italic fonts designed by Garamond were purchased by various publishers to print outstanding literary works of the 1500s, including “Paraphrasis in Elegantiarum Libros Laurentii Vallae” by Erasmus (Font Designer – Claude Garamond, 2015). As a result, Garamond’s work was re-created and adopted by other punch-cutters. In 1561, after Claude Garamond died, his wife had to sell all of his punches and tools. As a result, his typefaces disappeared for two hundred years. Later, it was brought back to life by modern designers and French National Printing Service and American Type Founders, namely. The last name of the original designer was kept to recognize Garamond fonts. Mainly, the history of typefaces stating from the 15 th century is divided into several different periods. Old style covers changes and development that date back to the 15 th -17 th centuries. Transitional style can generally be referred to as the mid of the 18 th century. Finally, Modern style includes the achievements of the late 18 th century. After that, such styles and Slab Serif, Sans Serif, Decorative, and Script styles occurred. They were developed during the 19 th and 20 th centuries. When font families are compared with one another, the professionals contrast between their x-height, serifs and bracketing, stroke variations, and stress (Family Classifications of Type, n. d.). Compared to more modern styles, Old Style is characterized by little contrast between thin and thick strokes, rounded letters, presence of bracketed serifs, eight and two o’clock stress. The transitional style has vertical stress, finer strokes, and bracketed serifs. The modern style contains no bracketing, vertical stress, abrupt contrast between thin and thick strokes, and letters and constructed. Garamond font is characterized by fluid, yet rather consistent nature. One of the qualities that distinguish this font is specific shapes of a and e letters with small bowl an
Introduction The assessment tool is intended to review the nursing requirements of an older person requiring long-term care. The tool is intended to summarize a methodical formulation to evaluation at the same time implementing specialized decision-making that takes place in the associations among a nurse and another individual. For this cause, the tool receives the assessment through an arranged approach, moving from a broad ‘narrative-based measurement of ‘domains’ of care need to a concentrated evaluation of features of possibility and complication. Dysfunctional Attitude Scale Form A of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DASA; Weissman, 1979; Weissman & Beck, 1978) is a 40-item self-report feedback form intended to gauge the suppositions and attitudes connected with the cognitive content of depression (Beck, 1976). According to Beck’s hypothesis, these statements and beliefs reproduce fairly steady and lasting cognitive outlines that influence the association of previous experience, understanding of present experiences, and expectations about potential experiences. Dysfunctional models are assumed to take action as cognitive vulnerabilities that act together with pertinent ecological significance to set off and uphold clinical symptoms of the disease, especially depression. The DAS-A is one of the most widely used measures of dysfunctional attitudes and has been frequently engaged to test Beck’s cognitive vulnerability stress model of depression (e.g., Hankin, 2005). It has also been used as a gauge of results for the management of depression (e.g., Blatt, 1995). Even though a large amount of this investigation employs the total score acquired from the DAS-A, more current studies (e.g., Blatt et al., 1995) has started on using subscales meant at tapping into further precise extents of cognitive susceptibility, particularly an accomplishment measurement (also pertained to as Performance Evaluation, Perfectionism, etc.) and an interpersonal dimension (Need for Approval, Dependency, etc.). Since the DAS-A total score and subscale scores are so extensively used, it is significant to appreciate the feature organization of the DAS-A. Studies using a total score create the unspecified supposition that the gauge exhibit a common factor that accounts for the greater part of the whole discrepancy of the scale scores, therefore representing that the entire score is a measure of a particular construct (Revelle, 1979). It is above all important to understand the DASA factor associations in an adolescent population where depression is frequent. Results from a 10-year longitudinal study demonstrate depression occurrence rates increasing from 3% at age 15 to 17% at age 18 (Hankin et al., 1998), and one more study illustrates an apparent and sharp point of variation in depression vulnerability rate curves between ages 15 and 19 (Burke, 1990). Particular in the
There are numerous reasons why a person may want to do away with a certain business. For some, it is a deliberate tactic to gain as much as possible when the product offered by the business is in its early moments in the product life cycle. This way the owner is able to gain high returns and then sell the business when the market becomes too competitive with the aim of starting a new business. Others have to sell the businesses due to incapacitation, complexities relating to succession, and the need to downsize the number of operations one is involved in. In the process of doing away with a business, one should consider the most appropriate method which guarantees the best possible benefits. This paper discusses the various exit strategies applicable in the sale of a business as a going concern with special reference to RLS2 Inc a sports footwear company. Apart from the normal valuations done at the endpoint when the business is to be sold there have to be other methods used to ensure that the entrepreneur gets maximum benefits from the business on their way out. Some businesspeople simply opt to bleed the business on an ongoing basis prior to selling it off. This may be through excessive self-rewarding schemes and other such related schemes. Others opt to liquidate the business and sell off assets to regain their investments. In this arrangement though, the most important consideration is that the element of goodwill is lost as the assets are sold to different persons. It is always better to sell a healthy business as a going concern rather than simply liquidate it as this is a sure way of getting maximum returns (Hyman, 2010, Para 4). As has been mentioned above, RLS2 Inc. is a global company whose investments span around the entire world and which is well known for high-quality sports footwear. This being the case, the process of disposing of should be carefully considered as a lot could be lost especially in the form of goodwill due to the strong brand image already existing for the business. Divestiture of assets involves the release of assets for the business. It is the opposite of investment. The process may be undertaken slowly over time mainly to reduce the effect on the stocks or in huge chunks depending on the goals of the parties willing to sell the business. In most cases, a business experiencing strains in operations whether financially are in the market would prefer this method as it is likely o gain go
Functional Limitation of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a complicated illness. Hence, it is difficult to determine whether it is a single condition, or it has other related conditions. The generalization of various factors in schizophrenia may be true in limited cases. Generally, people develop conditions for the disorder between the age of 15 and 25 years. The prominent feature is mainly disorganized thought processes and challenges in processing information. Functional capacity is the ability to conduct desirable activities in one’s life. Thus, the functional limitation may hinder performance in everyday living. The functional limitation of schizophrenia may be positive or negative. Some cognitive functional limitations include hallucinations and changes in thinking processes. On the other hand, negative limitations include diminishing motivation, social isolation, mood changes, and withdrawal. Functional limitations lead to declines in engaging in physical and mental activities in daily lives. Physical activities are generally mobility, body strengths, and other body senses like hearing, vision, and communication. Mental activities relate to emotional and cognitive activities. All these conditions can be great sources of trouble for persons with schizophrenia. A functional limitation associated with vision leads to disruptive life among people with the condition. It also affects those who provide care to people with schizophrenia. Visual impairment among people with schizophrenia normally increases when one approaches the age of 75 years. It will affect other activities like mobility. Schizophrenia causes mobility challenges to people with it. The limitation advances with the age of the patient. In such cases, people may find it difficult to move on their own. Mobility challenges usually increase with the various stages of life. They find it difficult to conduct mobility actions anywhere. At the age of 65 years, the problem may hinder movement around the house, such as climbing stairs. The situation advances in severity with the age of the patient. Vision impairment also contributes to low-levels in other activities like physical, social contacts, depression, and comorbidity. Overall, schizophrenia patients ought to observe regular medical checkups, exercise activities, and social networks to improve their conditions. Schizophrenia normally makes people withdraw and isolate them from others. This situation has an impact on social relations with family and friends. Impaired social functions may also result in hostility and suspicion. However, this depends on the type of schizophrenia, e.g., paranoia. Assessment of social functions among people afflicted with schizophrenia is generally scarce. The major cause of poor assessment is a lack of appropriate tools. Previous studies have noted that many facilities did not conduct an assessment of social functions among people with schizophrenia. Moreover, there was no clear definition of social fu
Summary Adderall XP is one of the most effective drugs that are been currently used in treating central nervous system complications. Adderal is simply dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, which is usually mixed with salts (RxList 2011). This drug contains some inactive ingredients and colors. These include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, gelatin capsules, sugar spheres, triethyl citrate, talc and opadry beige (Jiao 2009). As already mentioned, the brand name of the drug is Adderall XP. This drug is used as a Central Nervous System stimulant and is therefore vital in such therapeutic practices. Adderall XP usually is a combination of neutral sulfate salts, which includes the amphetamine and dextroamphetamine with the dextro isomer of amphetamine saccharate as well as d,l-amphetamine aspartate monohydrate (RxList 2011). The Adderall XP capsule is composed of two beads which are designed such that they can give a delivery of the amphetamines which is double-pulsed. The amphetamines in this case prolong the release of the amphetamine when compared with the conventional Adderall tablet formulation, which is characterized by an immediate release (Chew, Hales &Yudofsky 2009). Mechanism of Action & Indications for use: Usual route, administration & dose & contraindications, side effects, adverse effect, drug interactions Adderall XP dosage is determined by the problems that the drug is aimed to solve. The drug should be administered at the lowest most effective levels (Drug Information Online, 2000). This helps in minimizing the negative impacts the drug has on an individual. In fact, prolonged intake of the drug can really lead to heart failure. Adderall XR can be allergic to some people. Therefore, it is necessary for one to inform the pharmacist whether one is allergic to sympathomimetic drugs (RxList 2011). In other words, the drug contains some ingredients which may react to some people. Therefore, it is necessary to take precautions before taking the drug. Despite the effectiveness of the drug, it suffers from limitations based on its side effects. However, these effects are reduced by following the prescriptions correctly while using the drug. The main negative effect of the drug is that it is allergic to some people. One of the main symptoms is difficulty in breathing. The victims experience difficulties in breathing that may be mild or severe. In case this symptom reveals itself, it is advisable for the victims to seek emergency medical help. Another side effect of Adderall XR is swelling of the face, tongue, throat or lips. Again, patients should seek medical advice in case any of these symptoms are identified. Other effects are very dangerous and it is advisable to stop taking the drug immediately in case one of them is identified. This includes uneven heartbeats, fainting, and high blood pressure. It is recommended that one sees their doctors immediately after one of these symptoms is identified since they can lead to death. In this case, high blood pressure is characterized by headache, severe pains in the chest or blurred vision (Jiao 2009). Another side effect of the drug is loss of appetite and stomach complications. One may also e
American history has witnessed many rags-to-riches stories because numerous people found opportunities to turn their intelligence and skills into money and influence. Andrew Carnegie was one of such individuals who did not have significant premises for being wealthy but managed to achieve success in their life. That is why this essay will comment on this historical personality by focusing on his bibliography and specific achievements that made him famous for the whole world. To begin with, one should present a general overview of Carnegie’s biography. He was born in Scotland in 1835, and his parents were not wealthy people. In 1848, the family decided to look for better opportunities in America, and they settled in Pennsylvania (History.com Editors 2). This event significantly impacted Andrew because he found his first employment after finishing a few years of school. He started his career as a bobbin boy at a cotton factory. His perfect professional qualities and skills helped Carnegie became the “division superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1859” (History.com Editors par. 1). This event predetermined his successful future since Andrew earned sufficient financial resources and invested them in iron, oil, and railroad companies. Carnegie’s investments were successful, allowing him to expand his business activity. Apart from involving in the railroad sector, Andrew founded a telegraph firm and an iron bridge building company. Carnegie established his first steel company in the 1870s; however, it happened in 1892 that Carnegie Steel Company appeared to consolidate his vast holdings (History.com Editors par. 5). That is why it is not surprising that many people rendered him as a steel magnate. This person became one of the richest individuals in the world when another businessman, John Morgan, purchased this company for $480 million. Even though it is impossible to deny Carnegie’s essential impact on the business world, his entrepreneurial activity was not the only phenomenon that contributed to his prominent place in history. It is so because Andrew devoted much time and effort to philanthropic activity after selling his business. Janowski mentions that Carnegie “funded the establishment of 2,500 public libraries, donated over 7,600 organs to churches,” and others (1). He engaged in such activities to make the world better because anonymity, the absence of interested motives, and freedom of choice guided his charity decisions (Janowski 2). This example demonstrates that richness
Introduction Today, the main goods and services tend to become more and more similar to each other. As their similarities increase, customers progressively make their choices based on price. The blue ocean strategy is aimed at encouraging companies to break out of the so-called red ocean of competition by creating a new market niche, where they would not face severe rivalry (Blue Ocean Team). Such a strategy suggests refusing to share existing and often diminishing demand with others instead of redirecting their attention to growing demand and avoiding competition. For the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the adoption of the blue ocean strategy is associated with overcoming the restricted environment and acceptance of the possibility of creating a unique market space, where there will be no competitors. Relevance of Blue Ocean Strategy to the UAE As the Gulf Region’s most dynamic city, Dubai has developed ambitious growth plans for the next decades. Within the last 35 years, its main economic indicator raised from 50 to more than 400 (Figure 1). The UAE is already the main destination for foreign investment in the Middle East, and it strives to become the smartest city in the world by 2021. It also aims to head the list of the most visited cities by 2025 and turn to the global center of the Islamic economy over the next several years. With such unprecedented growth rates and plans, the implementation of the blue ocean strategy seems to be rather beneficial for the sustainable development of the country. Figure 1. The economic growth of Dubai (Blue Ocean Team). The concept of value innovation, which integral to the blue ocean strategy implies that equal emphasis is placed on both value and innovation. Value without innovation, as a rule, contracts to the creation of value incrementally – this increases value, but it does not allow standing out from the competition. Innovation without value leads to a passion for technology, market pioneering, or a futuristic focus (Butler, 172). While planning the strategy, the UAE should pay attention to the fact that all this often turns out to be beyond what buyers are willing to accept and what they are willing to pay for. It is important to distinguish value innovation from technological innovation and market pioneering. The study by Butler shows that the winners creating the blue oceans are distinguished from others not by the availability of the most modern technologies and not by the time devoted to the market. Instead, the blue ocean is achieved only when a company combines innovation with aspects such as practicality, price, and cost. One of the most vivid examples of using the blue ocean strategy in the UAE is related to the Khalifa Sat satellite that was launched by the engineers of the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Center. This satellite is the first that was manufactured by the given country, and it provides quality images to be used in monitoring and further technology development purposes (“UAE Government!”). A range of more space projects was recently declared by the Center, which means that the UAE has no limits on the path to its ide