ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Wars and revolutions have a great impact on populations, their values and traditions, faith and self-identity, self-identification and happiness. these conditions led to the loss of faith and confidence. Depression and anxiety were caused by deaths during war and economic crisis, social instability and political changes. Thesis Devastation and deaths, slow economic development and political instability led to the loss of faith in Enlightenment ideals and anxiety experienced by many people. Main text Economic anxiety did the most damage to self-confidence. The traumatic price rises constituted the most severe shock to the world economy since the early 1930s. People were afraid of instability and poverty. Following Freud: ‘In little altered form, the sensory material of anxiety which is operating behind the sense of guilt, is itself a punishment” (Freud 101). Revolutions and wars caused affective instability, anxiety and depression, concentration difficulties, aggressive fantasy, morbid ideas, and tendencies both to withdraw and to act out continue despite intensive treatment. When a person withdraws, he/she tries to renew himself and to figure things out: how to get along with others, what others feel about her, and how to control herself. War depression made these things difficult for a common citizen. Citizens seemed to try to make others match their moods rather than try to adjust their moods to others. Self-control is a major concern for people; they constantly seek internal equilibrium and a way in which to relate to others (Mckay et al 234). War horrors and losses did not people a chance to be mentally healthy and happy. The loss of faith is caused by disorders as a mixture of normal feelings and mood swings. It is a disorder of extremes and contrasts that affect the individual’s developmental, educational, and personal pursuits. Adolescents, particularly, may manifest the disorder in developmentally unique ways, and their educational and personal endeavors are impacted significantly in ways that relate to their age and stage. Such signs represent the duality with which the individual struggles, including dramatic motoric, cognitive, and emotional shifts. Borowski depicts experiences of a man: “I escaped from the ghetto and spent the entire war hiding in a friend’s house inside a sofa” (172). The argument against innocence is by no means a modern one. Indeed, one need only look to Genesis for a powerful refutation, wherein the rebellious angels could rebuke an order as perfect and divine as God’s own. It seems that Conrad, Freud and Borowski do not believe in progress and rationality because of social degradation and l
Introduction Mahatma Gandhi is a honorific and a surname of the leader of the Indian independence movement, who was an outstanding person in India when it was ruled by Britain and now is known all over the world. His true name is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, but people from his native country call him the “father of the nation” (Deats & Jegen, 2005). Members of Gandhi’s family were civil servants through generations until his grandfather got the position of the chief minister of the state. Thus, Mohandas gained this profession, however, before this happened, he got an elementary education and worked as a clerk. Being interested in law, he studied it in England and then moved to South Africa, where protected the immigrants’ rights. In 20 years, Gandhi returned home and soon Indian National Congress recognized him as its leader. He encouraged non-violent political resistance for India to gain independence and become free from the authority of the British Empire, as India was a part of it at that time (Dalton, 2013). Indian classic writers produced a great effect on Gandhi’s worldview. The members of his family were eclectics, which also influenced his beliefs. Mohandas’s mother was a deeply religious woman and could not imagine a day without a prayer. This experience got into the formation of his ideas (Deats & Jegen, 2005). The actions made in favor of resistance were not left unnoticed, and Mahatma Gandhi was prisoned more than once. Nevertheless, India won independence in 1947 under his leadership. Unfortunately, Gandhi was gunned down and died in a year. Becoming a Leader Once being in South Africa, Mohandas Gandhi was traveling by train. He took a ticket to the first-class section, but another passenger became acidulated as he had to stay with a person of a not European race, and Gandhi was made to change the compartment. This event could have been an inconspicuous one, but it turned out to be a starting point, and two main concepts of his program appeared due to it. “Swaraj” embraced an idea of independence, and “Satyagraha” endorsed non-violence. Gandhi developed them while assisting immigrants in South Africa. People fought for the reduction of taxes and the abolition of racial discrimination. They needed good organization and a leader, so he rendered a decision to commit himself to this position. Thus, Mohandas Gandhi returned home with clear thoughts of how to achieve the desired goals and some experience (Dalton, 2013). Gandhi’s program of winning India’s sovereignty appealed to the Indian National Congress and was approved. This occasion and his contributions to Congress stimulated his promotion to the position of its leader. So it may be said that he became a leader due to his merits. From that time Mohandas Gandhi spiritually and p
Inventory management is a very critical component of the operations of any business. The importance of effective inventory management increases in significance when the business in question is a retail chain. A significant portion of the competitive advantage of a supermarket comes from effective inventory management. This essay relates to inventory management of a large retail supermarket in Singapore faced with general inventory management problems. The aim of this paper is to examine the issues that are causing inventory management problems, and to consider the potential solutions. The company operates more than fifty stores across the country. The inventory is large because of the nature of retail business. In addition, most of the products are fast moving consumer goods. This means that at any moment, the supermarket is under pressure to avail products in line with consumer demand. At the same time, the movement of goods must ensure that perishable goods leave the supply chain in time. Otherwise, the company can make losses on damaged products. The paper has two main parts. The first part is a brief examination of the specific problems affecting the inventory management system in the company. The second part of the essay considers the potential solutions to these problems. Inventory Problems The company is dealing with three problems related to inventory management. The three problems are stock-outs, excessive inventory, and poor inventory visibility. This section looks at the nature of these three problems in more detail. Stock-Outs A stock-out refers to stock exhaustion, which can occur at any point in the supply chain. The main result of a stock-out is lack of goods on the shelves. This leads to loss of sales and can lead to the erosion of the brand image of the store. This situation can occur because of various reasons. These reasons include unavailability of supplies or transport bottlenecks. It can also emerge because of poor shelf replenishment practices in the store. Excessive Inventory Excessive inventory occurs whenever the supply chain delivers more goods than a store can offload to consumers. A situation of excessive inventory may occur if the store orders for more goods than it can sell. This situation can occur in case there is a rapid shift in demand patterns. It can also occur if there is poor communication between the purchasing section and the shop floor. Excessive inventory increases warehousing costs. It also increases the risks associated with dead stock. Lack of Inventory Visibility In some cases, inventory may exist in the supply chain without records showing their location. This situation results in artificial shortages and serious accounting difficulties. Lack of inventory visibility arises from various situations. For instance, an organization that uses continuous ordering process may fail to account for existing stock if it only accounts for stock received and stock released. The general cause of the problem of inventory invisibility is poor inventory management between the
Executive Summary To begin with, it should be stated that property management companies are engaged in the sphere of managing the issues associated with movable and immovable property, legislative, social, and commercial factors of its ownership. Originally, it is often emphasized that there are numerous aspects of this engagement, which entail managing the accounts and finances of the real estate. An integral part of the activity entails participating in litigation processes with owners, dealers and insurance agencies. Litigation, in its turn, which is regarded to be the integral part of property management is not within the main operating activities of the company as these issues are regarded to be the separate function, set aside for highly qualified attorneys. Following the research by Solomons (2005, p. 301), the following statement should be emphasized: Special attention is given to landlord/tenant law and most commonly evictions, non-payment, harassment, reduction of pre-arranged services, and public nuisance are legal subjects that gain the most amount of attention from property managers. Therefore, it is a necessity that a property manager is current with applicable municipal, county and state laws and practices. In the light of this fact, it should be stated that the responsibility level of the director is high enough, as the property managers have a wide range of responsibilities and possible assignments. Consequently, the director of the company is responsible for the financial, legislative, social, marketing, and surely managerial activity of the company. As for the matters of financial activity, it should be emphasized that the data, provided for the analysis will be analyzed from the perspective of structural analysis of the financial information, and will entail the following parts:   * Profit and Loss Account for 2007 & 2008   * A Balance Sheet for 2007 & 2008   * Appropriate Notes to the Accounts The results of the financial activity of the company are included in the balance sheet, and the statement of revenue and expenditure. Profit and loss account 2007, 2008 The profit of the company is made from selling the consultancy services to those who require it, performing the described operations and winning sues against property owners, insurance agencies, etc. In accordance with the financial statement, the profits and losses of the company will be counted on the basis of the following data Year                                             2008  2007   Income: service charges                          8280  7200   Income                                           8280  7200   Management fees                                  2009  1502   Property Maintenance
Executive summary This paper is a study of strategy and strategic choices. The company that has been selected is the aerospace division of the UK-based Rolls Royce Company. The company operates in a niche market that can be characterized as an oligopoly. It has been found after an analysis using Porter’s five forces model that the company has a very strong strategy in place. The company has a wide product portfolio, diverse workplace, multiple manufacturing locations, customer focus, etc. The only recommendation that was provided is that Rolls Royce should look at forming more joint ventures. This is because the aero-engine industry is a high-risk, high investment, and competitive market. This is even though it is an oligopoly. Introduction The concept of strategy is a natural process in the life of a human being. Hence, strategy can be applied in any area where human activity is involved. Strategy can be personal or it can be applied to business, politics, diplomacy, or military. Due to this reason, the definition of strategy also varies in nature. The only common factor that appears in all definitions is a plan of action that needs to be taken in a particular situation or environment. This paper deals specifically with strategies in business and will be done regarding a well-known and well-established company. The company is the UK-based Rolls Royce and the study will be divided into four parts. The first part will analyze the industry in which Rolls Royce operates. In this case, the focus will be on the aerospace industry with a small reference to the automotive sector. The second part will be an analysis of the strategic capability of the company. The third part will critically discuss the strategic choices that are pertinent to the strategic positioning of the company. The fourth and final part will be a justification of the strategies that the company is perusing. If it is felt that other strategies can be perused, those
Introduction I chose this discussion topic for I wanted to explore why we have a high homosexual marriage rate while other families lives in difficult, and how all these affects children’s involved. In addition, the topic will cover support for the gay marriage and reasons against homosexuality in our society and look at the attitudes, beliefs, values systems and behaviors that unify a family. Union in marriage Marriage as a union between two people from different sex, who are in love, makes one another commend each other for the rest of life. It is also defined as interpersonal relationship with governmental, social or religious recognized union of a different sex who promise to live together. A good number of Americans believes that marriage is a personal life goal, which last for lifetime. In marriage institution, the couples are tied by vows to live strong together in times of difficulties and goods and be a companion to each other. Nevertheless, the actual behavior of the American is diverging sharply from these beliefs. Therefore, marriage has declined primarily because we do not respect and value the institution as highly as it should be. Our cultures have become dubious of marriages and other social institution and instead we put a much higher value to individual life, choice and unlimited personal liberty. Responsibility of homosexuals However, homosexual parents have understood themselves and in the twentieth century, around ten million gay and lesbian parent families in United State were raising more than fourteen million children, mostly in recognized gay families. Majority of these kids were born in either heterosexually married parents whom of them later become a gay or a lesbian. Although by the end of twentieth century, numbers of same sex couples children have increased and they are really facing many challenges in forming and securing their families.( Sullivan 406) Despite the facts that “heterosexual marriage is more recognized in American society, homosexuals are capable of proving that they can also be as responsible to their families as it is to the normal one.” (Sullivan 405) They have bid their sacrifice, commitment and responsibility to the marriage and their children. It is very odd to learn that “some of the American cities have already set their by-laws to protect legal gay marriage and their domestic partnership. These domestic partnership laws allow the homosexuals couples to register with them and be able to access the benefits that a heterosexual marriage enjoys. “(Sullivan 405) Although Andrew argues that there is “no evidence that shows that deleterious impact on a child brought up by two homosexual parent”, children needs to be brought in a sober environment to make their future brighter also conservatives will never value homosexuality in our society.( Sullivan 406) Reversing homosexual unions Despite the barriers, increasing number of homosexuals began raising children through donor insemination performed at both homes and hospitals by medical experts. In early twenty first century, increasing number of lesbian and gays began using other means to have children s
The 1960s were a time of battle for change. Frustrated and fed up with the oppression with which they were forced to live, influential people such as Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, and Martin Luther King, Jr. started a whirlwind known as the Civil Rights Movement. On Easter Sunday, March 29, 1964, Malcolm X gave a speech warning of “the ballot or the bullet” from the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights, New York. Extending his position to black people living in America, Malcolm X used repetition of words, apostrophe, anaphora, and antithesis to convey his message in a forceful and fascinating way. Malcolm X spoke to black nationalists as a plea for action against their white oppressors. He made the point that African-Americans were treated as second class citizens: they were denied the constitutional rights that they deserved. (Goodman, 1971, 14-18) Malcolm X also spoke about the “back pay” that white Americans owed them for the slave labor they forced upon the ancestors of the African-Americans. Malcolm X made a call for freedom. Malcolm X’s diction added emphasis to his speech. He used repetition of words frequently throughout his speech. Near the beginning of his speech, Malcolm X said: The first step for those of us who believe in the philosophy of Black Nationalism is to realize that the problem begins right here. The first problem is right here. We have to elevate our thinking right here first–not just the thinking of a handful, that won’t do it. But the thinking of 22 million black people in this country must be elevated. This statement used repetition of the words “first” and “thinking.” It also utilized apostrophe with the phrase “right here.” The whole quote can be summed up using the words Malcolm X repeated. His main idea was that African-Americans first had to change their thinking right here. Malcolm X used repetition of words and phrases to highlight the idea expressed in the quote. Two paragraphs later, Malcolm X repeated the word “gospel” throughout an entire paragraph. When you have a philosophy or a gospel–I don’t care whether it’s a religious gospel, a political gospel, an economic gospel or a social gospel–if it’s not going to do something for you and me right here and right now–to hell with that gospel! In the past, most of the religious gospels that you and I have heard have benefited only those who preach it. Most of the political gospels that you and I have heard have benefited only the politicians. The social gospels have benefited only the sociologists. Malcolm X was trying to convey the idea that
In his article “Behind the Counter”, Eric Schlosser argues that the fast food industry is behind the country’s trend toward unsupportable earnings. Beginning with the story of a 16-year-old girl named Elisa, he illustrates what a typical work day looks like for her. Although busy, it is not portrayed as unnaturally stressful or more demanding than other jobs. However, as his discussion continues, Schlosser illustrates why the industry initially capitalized on adolescent workers and how this has shaped highly questionable hiring ethics within it and other industries in America. The primary focus of Schlosser’s argument is that the fast food industry has driven an environment in which capital and production is all and people are interchangeable. Initially offering the expanding baby boomer population with flexible jobs that met their school needs, fast food is now actively exploiting less advantaged members of the population in ways that provides them with few, if any, alternatives. “Roughly 90 percent of the nation’s fast food workers are paid an hourly wage, provided no benefits and scheduled to work only as needed … Managers try to make sure that each worker is employed less than forty hours a week, thereby avoiding any overtime payments” (Schlosser 426). Because the industry continues to perfect the factory assembly-line systems that were prevalent at the height of the Industrial age, it is increasingly unnecessary to retain skilled employees or to engage in any training at all. Throughout his article, Schlosser charges the fast food chains with deliberately short-changing their employees’ already minimal wages through practices such as requiring restaurants be busy before they start their shifts, paying in food instead of paid hours or requiring employees to clean on their own time. This practice has been well-documented in industries outside of the fast food industry as well, lending support to Schlosser’s claim. Steven Greenhouse documents numerous cases in his article “Forced to Work Off the Clock, Some Fight Back.” In this article, several individuals employed in low-skilled or no-skilled occupations speak out about their companies’ policies regarding requiring employees to work for no pay. The strategies listed by these individuals echo those listed in Schlosser’s article. While Schlosser offers some support for his claims
Abstract The main research objective in this paper is to determine the effect of implementing a HR planning process for training. Since a lot of factors may contribute to the broad organisational impact of training, this dissertation will only dwell on the effect of planning for training on the actual training process. Literature review on the subject reveals that most HR training planning projects tend to focus on overall organisational effects, not the effectiveness of the training process. Furthermore, many studies dwell on western companies or a myriad of organisations within a certain industry or sector. This dissertation will narrow down the analysis to a specific organisation so as to increase accuracy of data collection. Several papers also focus on reasons behind the failure of HR training planning, so this dissertation will highlight the outcomes of the same. The research methods will be based on quantitative analysis of employee and trainer attitudes concerning the training process. Information about training schedules, training goals, employee learning style-training fit and identification of the right employees for training will be collected. Primary sources include employee attitude surveys and trainer attitude surveys. Training goals will be analysed through secondary sources on Microsoft Gulf’s HR practices. A comprehensive analysis of the data will be done to ascertain whether the planning process affected the training process or not. Objectives The overall objective of this research is “To determine the effect of implementing a HR planning process for training.” The company chosen for analysis already has a sound HR planning strategy in place. It will be critical to assess whether this company is achieving any tangible results from the planning of training programs. Therefore, the research will reveal both the positive and negative outcomes of HR planning for training. This overall objective will be achieved through the following specific objectives: To assess whether planning for training leads to accomplishment of training needs Some organisations may wish to increase productivity, sales revenues or other similar objectives. Planning for training is supposed to allow companies to set definite goals that will cause the company to meet training needs (Freeman 1993). This research will find out whether this is true. To determine whether planning for training causes companies to identify the right employees for training In the planning process, a company needs to perform a needs analysis so as to identify the employees who need training in a particular area. To investigate the effect of training planning on training schedules HR personnel or parties in charge of training are supposed to plan for training by setting specific dates for the various sessions. This research will investigate whether the planning process led to better scheduling or worse scheduling.