ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Leadership is a vital component in every society. It defines the values, goals, and objectives of people in the society. Effective leadership not only defines these elements, but also determines how they are achieved. The success of the political leadership and organization emanate from the leadership style of the leader. Therefore, to ensure success of political leadership, it is important to work with good leaders who are focused on positive results. Good leadership depends on the leader’s individual qualities or character (Crick 23). Based on these assertions, this study will take a comparative stance by analyzing the good leaders, in particular Bill Clinton and John Kennedy. The characteristics of a bad leader will also be examined. In this comparison, the study will compare the New York Mayor Mr. Michael Bloomberg and the Toronto Mayor Mr. Rob Ford. Hypothesis Political leadership and organization require the leader to exhibit exemplary characters of charisma, good interpersonal skills, results orientation and good problem solving skills (Wren 132). The personal qualities of a potential leader determine the outcome for the whole nation, so superior intelligence and education are a must. It is crucial that the person is respectable, reliable and just. Since the market and economy greatly influence the outcome of the leader’s plans and goals it is their direct responsibility to predict any fluctuations and prevent loss of stability and control. This study will look at the relationship between a leader’s character and the success of the leadership style. Empirical/ Theoretical gap Political leadership and organization are among the most interesting topics that have attracted attention of various researchers and authors. Every leader faces a theoretical gap in relation to the practical control and functioning of a nation, and the knowledge or empirical understanding that was gained prior to becoming a member of the office. When an individual starts running for presidency or other leadership position, they will mobilize the resources and the political processes that are necessary for taking charge. Often, the internal politics are not as clear cut before the person gets the position in the government. As such, they must become aware of the current matters regarding the economy and policies that need to be changed or added. Every good leader has the ability to organize and mobilize forces that are directed towards the greater good of the nation. Sometimes, before the leader is selected, a candidate will make promises that sound fair, but the reality is somewhat skewed, as many details are still unknown. As a result, the gap between theory and practice gets overlooked. This leads to promises that are broken, and a change in policies that was over optimistic beforehand. This is why foresight and empirical knowledge should be balanced with practice. Mr. Bill Clinton William Jefferson Blythe III (Bill Clinton) was one of the youngest presidents in America. The leader was elected to the office of the president as the 42 nd president of the United States of America. Bill
The concept of marketing can be used to refer to any activity that is aimed at facilitating and fostering transactions between an organization and consumers (Gro¨nroos 2006, p.395). Economists argue that marketing is one of the crucial tools in a business. From a careful review of literature, it is definite that marketing has direct effects on the organization specifically in terms profitability (Brodie 2009, p. 108). This is due to the fact that it involves informing the customers on the products and services offered in an organization (Klein & Phillips 2011, p. 354). By so doing, marketing helps consumers to make the best choices. Notably, large organizations set aside specific members of staff and departments for marketing purposes. Therefore, one can analyse that marketing cannot be done in isolation since it is closely linked to human resources, decision making and other organizational operations. Nevertheless, there exists an argument that marketing is not meant to inform customers on choices to make but it is a deceptive practice to mislead them while increasing the sales in an organization (Brodie 2009, p. 108). Hence, the function and role of marketing has been criticised due to the assumption that it creates incomplete truth and therefore exploiting the weaknesses and inducing fear to customers. This paper critically evaluates the controversy that marketing is purely about informing consumers of the choices they can make to satisfy their actual needs. Radical scholars argue that marketing aims at manipulating and deceiving customers to buy products and services (Brodie 2009, p. 109). Notably, this is done through adverts that manipulate their thinking and to perceive them that certain goods and services are worthy. According to Smith (1995, p.396), marketing can be referred as the worst tool of capitalism. This statement can be elaborated by the fact that businessmen use exaggerated terms to promote and advertise their goods, a factor that ensures that their economic systems do not collapse. Research has revealed that most customers get misguided information from marketers only to realize later that the products were not worth
Overview The holistic administration of patients requires effective data management. Nurses form a link between patients and other health providers because they are in direct contact with patients. The purpose of this paper is to interpret data that relates to patient fall rate in a telemetry unit. The goal is to assess the process of improving this rate with reference to change management and the necessary leadership characteristics. Data Interpretation Over the past few months, there has been significant patient fall on the telemetry unit in one of the health institutions. In one of the recent staff meetings, the provided data showed a higher level of fall on the telemetry unit, which was more than the period before the last 4 months. Some of the available data indicates that the average age of patients in this unit is 72.4 years, which fit the population that is likely to attend the unit. The other important finding is that most of the patients are women, with the exact percentage being 68% of the patient population. Approximately 94% of the patients are on diuretics and 12% of them have secondary diagnoses of confusion or disorientation. The available data also shows some important characteristics of the telemetry unit where each of the characteristics has special manifestations of the institution. The patient fall rate in the institution is significant. In fact, the last four months recorded the highest fall. The largest fall was recorded in the 7A-11A shift where the total number was 15. This proportion was followed by the 3A-7A shift that recode
Judaism preaches the adequacy of the human mind to the image of God, the consequence of which is the belief in the immortality of the human soul. In accordance with the norms of Judaism, the believer maintains contact with God through prayer, God’s will is revealed through the Torah. The most important of the postulates of Judaism is the concept that all people are created in the image and likeness of God. The holiness that comes from God extends to a person’s personal life. The commandments of respect for parents follow from here, Saturday rest for everyone, even for pets, respect for other people’s property, prohibition of lies, slander, feelings of revenge, and envy. All this fully applies to a person because this increases in his eyes the respect for God of the Jews. The main symbol of the faith of Judaism is expressed in the prayer of the Jews, who sometimes collectively call themselves after one of the biblical patriarchs of the people – Israel. The Jews call their Holy Scripture Tanakh. This word is an abbreviation of three Hebrew words: Torah, Nevi’im, and Ketuvim, the structural elements of the Talmud are the Mishna and the Gemara. The Mishnah is an extensive commentary on the Old Testament, which is divided into 63 treatises, arranged in 6 sections. Gemara is a collection of interpretations of the Mishnah treatises. Taking into consideration the fact that commenting on the Mishna took place in Palestine and Babylon, there are two Talmuds: Palestinian and Babylonian. As far as my personal perception of rabbinical dialogues is concerned, I find these conversations quite strict in relation to the follower, as they have many restrictions. Nevertheless, such a format not only promotes concentration on faith, and, accordingly, dialogue with God, but also disciplines the believer. The rabbis themselves are faithful followers of their religion and advocates of the faith. Their centuries-old commitment to their traditions and faithful adherence to God’s path in their understanding are respected. Many religious institutions in the modern world are changing to meet the spirit of the times and public opinion. Judaism and its followers are guided by the precepts of their ancestors, which are expressed in their scriptures and lifestyle.
Race is the distinctive group that humans categorize themselves into based on physical characteristics such as the color of the skin, hair texture, or size of the lips. On the other hand, ethnicity is a broader classification that is more cultural-based and may or may not include race. As an example, in the US, people may fall into racial categories such as black or white, while under the white umbrella term, some may be of Irish, Italian or Jewish ethnicity (Spencer, 2014). These terms are sometimes confusing and may be used interchangeably; this is because they are not based on science and maybe primarily based on observations. Moreover, definitions evolve over time as people continue to interact and intermarry. As an example, in America, the immigration of Somali people into the country has created a conundrum for race classification as they look black and can be racially categorized as black, but the eye test also says they are different. What about Pacific Islanders such as Fijians who could pass as black but whose genetic composition is completely different from that of Africans. Racial profiling occurs when racial stereotypes inform policing decisions. The criminal justice system in America is an imperfect system with a complicated history, such as roots in slavery (Robinson, 2017). Police are employed from the general population whose biases will reflect in the system. There is also data that shows poor people getting harsher sentences than rich people (Robinson, 2017). Racism has also created a wealth gap in the country where people of color are poorer than their white counterparts, which creates a double tragedy for minorities in dealing with the criminal justice system. Sentencing disparity is a pattern that emerges from sentencing data that shows a correlation between race and length
Introduction For a long time, legal practice in Saudi Arabia has not been fully operational despite the issuance of an act that allowed the practice in 2001 A.D. The suppressed state of law then was the prevailing Islamic legal practice , which did not accept lawyers job. Litigation is a crucial practice in legal practice. Any society has set measures that define how a legal practice takes place in relation to the key players, i.e., the court, plaintiff and the defendant. In an organized society, customs, traditions and other adopted practices determine the modus operandi of legal practices. In essence it outlines the attorney’s nature of power and litigation process in a specified jurisdiction. The nature of the legal system in a country influences the basic fundamental human rights that citizens enjoy. For example, in democratic countries freedom of hearing is of paramount importance. The freedom of hearing denotes the involvement of lawyers in the litigation process. However, there are countries where professional practice of lawyers remains to be an illusion to date. This implies that litigants have no legal representations from lawyers in such countries. Lawyers play an important role in standing in to fill the gap where the litigants cannot express themselves adequately due to the complex nature of law or due to other issues that limit the person from representing himself or herself. The aim of lawyers is not to subvert the course of justice; instead, lawyers are professionals who champion for the need for their clients to achieve justice in courts of law. Due to the significance of the lawyers in promotion of justice, many countries across the globe have enacted laws that guide the practice of law. Literature Review Research on the Saudi laws in relation to legal representation and roles of lawyers in litigations is a thorny issue. The issue is thorny due to lack of studies that analyse the importance of the law in Saudi Arabia. The bulk of literature available on the issue at hand deals with legal representation at organisational level. There is evidence of lack of the vision of the legislator in the enactment of the law that encompasses other legal systems in the Saudi law. This implies that the scarcity of refere
The period from the Qin dynasty to the end of Qing dynasty is known as imperial china. This period began in 221 B.C. The first empire was the Qin dynasty followed by the Han dynasty. Though Qin dynasty failed after a shorter period, to some extent it contributed to the prosperity of the Han Chinese. The Han was the most prosperous dynasty. It failed because of several divisions. Afterwards other dynasties followed up but Han dynasty remained the most prosperous of all the dynasties. During Quinlong’s reign festivals that brought together friends and relatives were practiced. 1 The fall of Han dynasty brought a change in the governance of the people of china. Zurndorfer says that “… a rich agricultural environment, frontier conditions, the absence of strong government control…” 2 led to development of lineages this was the development of a new system of governance. Taking a closer look at these dynasties one will find that there was consolidation of corporate lineages as core to institutions of social and economic life and due to some reasons; these lineages became famous affecting other historical developments at this time. Consolidation of corporate lineages existed in late imperial Chinese history. Zurndorfer refers to the lineages as corporate groups. 3 This is because they celebrated ritual unity and were and were from a common ancestor. They existed for long and could even trace their ancestry thousand years back and their migrations. Lineages in the late imperial era had much to do with the social and economic life
Introduction Self-determination refers to the rights endowed to different nations to determine and work towards their own future, politically, economically, socially and culturally. Political self-determination is demonstrated by way of having a system of self-governing with the citizens having the freedom to contribute and question government practices. This includes the existence of local governments, which have an upper hand in making decisions on government matters. Self-determination in this case ensures democracy in decision and little or no international dominance in the government’s affairs. In support of self-determination, Kaczrowska alleges “people have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right, they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development” (24). At the time, this concept was being brought to light, however, it failed to provide for complete independence as a way of attaining self-governance, but this has changed over the years. There are three aspects that have to be mentioned in the discussion of self-determination. First is the external element which means that a nation can choose their political status that is whether to merge with another state, or run their affairs independently or even maintain political ties with the colonial governments. The second element is internal in that an economy is independent theoretically while it is practically being governed by international bodies. The third element is also considered as an internal element. This is where the nation is able to make its own decisions including the extent of international interference in the country. History of self-determination The law of self-determination came into active existence in 1945, the same year the Second World War came to an end. This was governed by UN constitution in the following clauses. “Chapter 1, Article 1, part 2, which states that the purpose of the UN charter is to develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace” (Evans 234) and article 15 which states, “everyone has the right to a nationality and that no one should be arbitrarily deprived of a nationality or denied the right to change nationality”, (Evans 235). By the time this concept was being established with the United Nations, the membership was made up of only 50 states, which were also the only self-governing states at the time. The other countries were still under the colonial rule of the already independent states. The United Nations organization came up with the concept of self-determination to ensure that most countries gained their independence, either in part or fully. At the time, this concept was being developed; there were only two independent countries in Africa:
Summary This paper documents Farcargo’s information system implementation plan. It is divided into various segments, which include an overview of the information system, a description of the primary tasks undertaken during implementation, and a list of the resources required (such as personnel, hardware, software, and other materials and facilities). This document has been developed continuously since the system design phase. It was later updated in the development phase, and the ultimate copy was produced during the testing and integration phase. This document will act as a guide during the implementation of Farcargo’s information system. Purpose The primary purpose of this document is to provide an outline of events and steps that the project team will follow during Farcargo’s system implementation. It also provides major tasks and how each should be carried out to achieve the best. An implementation plan sets the dates for the accomplishment of various tasks and acts as a communication and training plan. System Overview Being an online-based organization, Farcargo requires a system that acts as its virtual office. Farcargo is a virtually based logistics company that has spread its operations globally. The company’s system should have a virtual assistant who acts as the receptionist, a billing department, a data keeping and retrieval section, operations and monitoring, and senior management. Farcargo aims at having an information system that allows users to interact with them as in a real physical office. System Description The Farcargo information system can be divided into three main parts, the user interface, application, and database. At the user interface, the system should allow the client to register an account with the company where they can access their data. The system saves the clients’ data into a database where they can only be accessed by authorized personnel. The client is then able to access the organization’s services and make inquiries on various products offered. When satisfied, the client can book logistic service and the system automatically generates their bill. The client is required to make a payment through the platform using a special code generated during billing. The system then issues the client with a receipt and their booking is automatically scheduled on the system. The staff in charge of the delivery and the client can view the scheduled date and is sent a reminder by the system two days before the actual date. After our staff has received the goods to be delivered, the employee should change the status of the schedule on the system to ‘in transit. The system detects this change and sends an alert message to the client. The client and the management can monitor the goods in transit by use of GPS technology and cameras inserted in the company’s transport equipment. The employee carrying the goods can communicate with the management and client in case there is a need to do so. Upon the arrival of goods to their destin
Introduction Gas stations incidents are mainly a result of fires caused by mechanical, electrical or spontaneous heat. The investigators first role after arriving at the point of an incident is ensuring the safety of the public, by restricting access to the scene. Once security procedures have been implemented, the investigators begin to look for possible causes of fire. Before settling on incendiary, the investigators need to eliminate natural and accidental causes of the gas station fire. In the determination of incendiaries, the investigators look for evidence to support the claim, such as presence of trailers, plants, devices, accelerants, multiple fires, or crime cover-ups. At times, the investigators are unable to determine the exact cause of a fire, and therefore, they submit a report stating that the fire cause is undetermined, pending the receipt of further information. This paper looks at the various methods of examining a fire scene. The “Backwards Theory” This theory provides a systematic investigative process that ensures that the total occupancy is investigated. The investigation is conducted from the exterior to the interior, moving from the scenes with the least damage to the ones that are heavily damaged (De Haan 31). The investigators go through the entire scene including both burnt areas and the unburnt sorroundings, taking into consideration the direction of heat flow, the lowest point of burning, overhead damage and fire patterns (char and lines of demarcation). Determining the point of origin The cause of a fire can be determined by finding its point of origin. This can be achieved by observing heat patterns and smoke damage to determine the hotte