ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The soccer is one of the favorite sport games of millions of people in the world. It has a long history and has already become the industry. The soccer players market is the sphere of the multimillion transactions. The aim of this essay is to provide the insight into the soccer players market and to describe some of the deals. The Main Part Although the roots of the soccer game can be found in the early history of mankind, it became popular in the 1880s. During the XX century, soccer developed rapidly. It was legalized as the professional sport game and the number of the sport associations and organizations were created to regulate the rules of play and provide the independent judging. The increase in the popularity of the game led to the creation of the soccer clubs all over the world. It became the national sport game of many countries. Undoubtedly, such tendencies attracted the business. Soccer became not only the passion of people but also the mean of earning money. Nowadays, we can say about the existence of the soccer players market, the one where the clubs buy and sell the players in the deals. Top deals of 2012/2013 included Hulk (Givanildo Vieira de Souza), who was transferred from FC Porto to Zenit St. Petersburg for 55 000 000 euros, Thiago Silva, who changed AC Milan for PSG with the transfer fee of 42 000 000 euros, Eden Hazard, who was transferred from Lille to Chelsea for 40 000 000 euros, Javi Martinez, who left Athletic Club and joined Buyern Munchen for 40 000 000 euros, and Lucas (Lucas Rodrigues Moura da Silva), who was transferred from San Paolo to PSG for 40 000 000 euros (“Top-Transfers 2012/2013” n.pag.). The situation in the soccer market shows that the average transfer fee was around 40 000 000 euros for the top players. Raphael Varane is considered to be the most valuable player (“Top-Transfers 2012/2013” n.pag.). Varane takes the position in the defence of Real Madrid CF. He is only 20 years old and his market value is 25 000 000 euros. Falcao is the most expensive player (“Top-Transfers 2012/2013” n.pag.). He is the former striker of Atletiko Madrid. Falcao was transferred to AS Monaco for 60 000 000 euros. The biggest increases in the market values reflect the rise in the availability of the player. According to the most recent data, the market value of Oscar (Chelsea player) increased by 200% during the past year, Christian Benteke from Aston Villa is currently worth 600% more than the year before, and Matija Nastasic from Manchester City increased in value by 281.8% during the same period (“All About Market Values” n.pag.). The news from the soccer players market is updated regularly. Perhaps, the new information came every day. The clubs seek new players and take the active part in the negotiations. One of the most recent news released on January 8, 2014 was about the intention of Liverp
In the genre of literature, the word tragedy can be loosely applied to mean any serious and dignified drama that gives a description of the conflict that is existent between the protagonist (seen as the hero in this situation) and a superior force (god, fate, chance or society) and which reaches a sorrowful conclusion that evokes pity or fear from the audience. It is an imitation of an act that is grave, complete and of a certain enormity wherewith, it uses certain emotional techniques in order to arouse incidents of fear and pity from its audience. According to this generic definition, tragedy is thus based on the concept of a possibility that a person can be destroyed precisely by his attempts to be good, or at least better than other people around him, though not exactly perfect. This creates a dramatic irony in the fact that a person’s attempts to be good eventually destroy him. It depicts the ever existent conflict between innate human goodness and the realities of the world. Though not necessarily intended to make people sad, tragic literature has the capability to arouse pity and/or fear from their audiences as they try to recognize with the situations of the protagonist and the cruel realities that surround him. In some instances, it is also intended to inspire admiration and appreciation for the character, and by extension to ourselves, as they try to overcome these realities. Even when the hero falls, there is the existence of glory in his or her misfortunes and the joy that only such virtues can install. According to Socrates’ concept of tragedy, it is “an imitation [mimesis] of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself…with in­cidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish its catharsis of such emotions. In relation to this definition, the term imitation does not necessarily imply an act on the stage alone as Socrates’ recognizes the existence of other artworks, such as dance, painting and songs that could be equally used to depict tragedies. By magnitude, he does not necessarily imply the greatness of the subject matter but rather, an adequate time allowance of the production. Though there have been debates about his definition of the word “catharsis,” it has been widely defined as a form of cleansing of the pity and fear that the audience might have as they observe the actions on the stage and relate them to their own situations (Brown 56). As this cleansing takes place, the depiction of the tragedies relieves any potentially harmful emotions that may be present in the audience, leaving them better people than they were before the experience. King Richard has a beautiful beginning by showing Henry reproaching the Duke of Norfolk over the death of another Duke, Gloucester, and the smaller brother to King Richard. However it is not clear that King Richard did not kill Gloucester, nor does it revea
The size of the structure The Whirlpool Galaxy is a clearly visualised galaxy in the universe. It is estimated that the galaxy has a diameter of about 11.2′. The galaxy is characterised by a disk that has a radius of roughly 43,000 light years (Nemiroff and Bonnel par. 1). It has about 160 billion solar masses. Thus, the galaxy is one of the biggest solar bodies that are unique in the universe. The big size and bright features of the galaxy enable scientists to view the solar body from the Earth with the use of magnifying instruments such as telescopes (Fukui and Kawamura 547). How far? Scientists who are concerned with studies with regard to the M51 Galaxy have not agreed on the actual distance of the solar body from the Milky Way Galaxy. However, different studies have given distances within the range of 15,000,0000 to 35,000,000 ly. The most recent study estimated that the galaxy is about 23,000,000 million ly in relation to the Milky Way Galaxy (Fukui and Kawamura 547; Nemiroff and Bonnel par. 1). There have been problems with regard to the actual approximations of the distance, because the galaxy is quite far from the Earth. The beautiful colours Scientists have been able to visualise the M51 Galaxy under dark sky conditions. Different magnifications show that the M51 Galaxy has beautiful colours. The colours vary slightly when viewed using visual light and infrared light. In visual light, the colours of the galaxy are pale purple and black spots are also common. On the other hand, when it is viewed in infrared light the structure appears bright purple (Salo and Laurikainen 378). The colours of the structure are natural, because they are reflections of the materials that constitute the galaxy. Also, they are seen at all times when scientists view the solar body. Artificial colours could change every time they are visualised. Similarities If the structures of the Milky Way and M51 galaxies are visualised well, then some similarities could be noted. First, the two galaxies show that the spiral arms are important components. Second, there are centres in the two galaxies, which could be the origin of the spiral arms. Third, the centres in the two solar bodies seem to have the highest levels of brightness (Salo and Laurikainen 379). This could imply that the centres could have similar materials that make them give the highest amounts of light. I would be able to travel to this galaxy I am happy that I have enhanced my knowledge about heavenly bodies. I am optimistic that one day I would travel to the M51 Galaxy. Research in the future will enable me to understand more about the M51 Galaxy. I think that I would go to the outer arms associated with the galaxy. Thoughts, reactions and questions My i
Introduction The present paper is the combination of the summary of six books from Metamorphoses by Roman Poet Ovid, the set of questions to the text, and the expression of personal opinion on reading the books. Summary of Metamorphoses Book 4. The three daughters of Minyas are telling their stories while they are busy with weaving instead of worshipping Bacchus as they worship “a better goddess, Pallas” (Ovid 82). They tell three stories one by one. The first daughter tells a story about forbidden love that brought a tragedy. Thisbe and Pyramus are madly in love with each other but their fathers are against their marriage, the beloved can talk only through a crack in the wall that their houses share. So, they decide to elope together and agree to meet near a tomb of a man called Ninus. Thisbe comes earlier and encounters a lioness. Scared by it, she runs away leaving her shawl. When her beloved comes and sees the shawl, he thinks that the lioness has killed his Thisbe and commits suicide. When Thisbe comes back and sees that her darling is dying, she stabs herself too. The second story told by Leuconoe is about love too. As the Sun sees everything first, he prompts Vulcan that his wife, Venus, has a love affair with Mars. The cuckold traps the loves with the help of a net made of fine links of bronze (Ovid 86). As Venus is infuriated with the gossip and exposure, she makes the Sun fall in love with a woman called Leucothoe. When Clytie, the Sun’s wife ge
Introduction Background In the 21 st century, one of the recurring debates in the field of management concerns the fundamental role played by total quality management (TQM) in enabling organizations to accomplish their set objectives, including retaining competitive advantage in the marketplace (Hakes, 1991). Stiff competition for the ever constricting market segment coupled with vagrancies of the macroeconomic has necessitated organizations engaged in profit-making to redesign their functions along with the basic tenets of TQM (Kaboolian, 2000). Private organizations are increasingly competing at the global marketplace due to globalization and advances in technology, upping the stakes even further for the enterprises to reformulate their strategies through quality management or risk being wiped out by the turbulences of the modern economic environment. Organizations operating in the public sector have not been spared the onslaught, with governments stepping in with performance-oriented approaches in an attempt to streamline public agencies in line with the broader objective of providing efficient and timely services to customers (Wilkinson, 1996). To remain competitive, modern organizations must initiate processes and practices that dependably meet or surpass the requirements set by customers, not mentioning the fact that they must design processes that aim to curtail errors and attain continuous improvement (Martinez-Lorente et al, 1998). TQM is a management tool that aids organizations to achieve some of these objectives. Ross & Perry (1999) asserts that TQM “…means thinking about quality in terms of all functions of the enterprise and is a start-to-finish process that integrates interrelated functions at all levels” (p. 2). This implies that TQM employs a systems approach that takes into consideration every interaction that influences the fundamental components of the organization. Leadership and involvement of people are two critical components or principles of TQM that forms the background of any quality management practice. Leadership is fundamentally important since it is at the core of all the other practices and processes aimed at quality improvement (Martinez-Lorente et al, 1998). Anyamele (2005) posits that not only is leadership a central principle of quality and process improvement, but it is also a medium for positive change. Organizational philosophies, self-development strategies and employee motivational approaches are inherently dependent on leadership (Oakland 1995). In equal measure, it is difficult to achieve quality improvement without involving the people for the reason that quality is largely viewed as a people issue, that is, both employee
The Aeneid The largest work of the great ancient Roman poet Virgil was his epic poem “The Aeneid.” In ” The Aeneid,” Virgil tells of the adventures of the hero of the Trojan war, Aeneas, who was destined by the gods to stay alive after the destruction of Troy to come to Italy and establish the future Roman state there. The desire to create a national epic while preserving the mythological concept in the poem prompted Virgil to turn to the Homeric poems Iliad and Odyssey. Virgil disposes of his epic material under the influence of Homer: books I – VI tell about the flight of Aeneas from the dying Troy and about his adventures before arriving in Latsium; books VII-XII describe preparation for battle, the battles of Aeneas and his allies with the enemy, the exploits of Aeneas, and his victory over Turn (Johnson 37). Thus, the first part of the poem echoes the Odyssey and the second with the Iliad. Ovid In the form of tales, which was quite common in Roman literature and already had its classics, Ovid was able to show full power bright talent, which immediately made his name loud and popular. Finishing the last of these elegies, he portrays himself as glorifying his people as the Peligins, as Mantova owes her fame to Virgil, and Verona to Catullus. Undoubtedly, there is a lot of poetic talent, free, laid-back, sparkling with wit and accuracy of expression, in these elegies, as well as many accurate life observations, attention to detail, and versioning talent, for which there were no metric difficulties. Despite this, most of Ovid’s creative path lay ahead. The study of the formation of statehood in Western Europe during the Early Middle Ages, without a doubt, is one of the key problems in the whole complex of issues related to the period under consideration (Wilkinson 29). In this regard, it is especially important to clarify the level and degree of interpenetration and mutual influence of the elements that existed before and were introduced by Rome and its poets. Circling the Mediterranean: Europe and the Islamic World The writing address one of the first interactions between Rome and the primordial Islam world. Karl Musa, the grandson of Karl Martell, nicknamed the Great, first allies with the emperor of the West against Arabs annoying them with raids. Karl swears that he is ready to return with his people to the fold of the Christian church, he is with the army on the Apennine Peninsula
Introduction The amorphous solid forms indistinguishable, disorganized, and irregular organization of constituent particles. They lack the typical three-dimensional long-range organization of crystal structures, thus, amorphous solids have a much more randomized arrangement of molecules. The term amorphous originated from the Greek word ‘omorphe’, which means without shape (Gado, 2018). They also demonstrate short-range order across several molecular dimensions and have physical properties that are significantly different from that of their crystallized counterparts. Amorphous solids are similar to liquids throughout as they lack an ordered structure or three-dimensional arrangements of atoms or electrons. The solid to liquid conversion occurs across a wide temperature range since these substances do not have a definite melting point. Amorphous substances have a physical property that is usually isotropic in nature, meaning that they are unaffected by measurement directions that have the same magnitude throughout all directions. The purpose of this report is to describe the history, structure, properties, and applications in real life of amorphous solids. History of Amorphous Solids Amorphous solids are defined by a hard structure despite having chaotic groupings of atoms or bigger particles. Some examples of amorphous solids are clay, plastic, and glass. One of the first researches of porous crystalline bodies were conducted by W.L. Bragg and H. Bragg (Day, Drake, Zhou, & Ryder, 2012). In addition “some of the earliest structural studies of porous materials were conducted in 1930 by future two-time Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling” (Day, Drake, Zhou, & Ryder, 2012, 2). Over time, “new experimental and computational techniques have enabled recent advances, improving the understanding and control of materials at the molecular level” (Day, Drake, Zhou, & Ryder, 2012, 3). However, the fact that far too many events are fundamentally unaffected by the lack of a periodic lattice, has necessitated a rethinking of the prevailing theoretical framework. The paradox has compelled chemists to learn more about solids, which has led to a greater understanding of chemical principles and the relationship between bonding and bands. When combined with the unexpected occurrences brought on by disorder, the stage is now set for intense activity in amorphous structures. Bernall’s theoretical work mostly on the structure of liquids, together with Scott’s experimental random which involved packing of spheres, sparked interest in the arrangement of atoms in amorphous solids in the 1960s (Powell, 2019). During the recent decade, the investigation into atomic arrangements of amorphous materials has been divided into two streams: firstly, more refined and complicated research of sphere as well as molecule packing, and secondly, atomic simulations through molecular dynamics
Violation of supervision conditions occurs when an offender does not adhere to the terms of probation (Lab et al., 2013). Violation of probation could attract penalties that include fines, revocation of probation, and increment of probation conditions. Studies show that reincarceration rate in the United States is very high. According to research statistics, approximately 40 percent of offenders are rearrested within three years of release (Lab et al., 2013). An effective solution to violation of probation is awarding penalties such as extension of supervision period, heavy fines, and attendance of boot camps. In the case of violation of a probation term, an offender is given an opportunity to prove their innocence, however, failure to do so will lead to disciplinary action applied. Disciplinary actions include extension of probation period and short jail stints in case the offender fails to comply with the new conditions (Krohn, Lizotte & Hall, 2010). The main aim of boot camps is to help offenders modify behaviors that are likely to motivate them not to violate probation (Lab et al., 2013). A typical boot camp regimen includes rehabilitative and educational activities, manual labor, and adherence to rules that alter the behaviors of offenders (Krohn et al, 2010). Other activities include education classes and counseling. Examples of disciplinary measures that could be added to supervision conditions include daily visits by supervision officers and increased hours of community service. Heightened supervision through electronic monitoring and daily visits by parole officer are likely to motivate offenders to obey probation requirements (Krohn et al, 2010). It is imperative to inform offenders about the consequences of violating disciplinary conditions added to existing probation terms. Threats of possible reincarceration are sufficient to motivate offenders to adhere to stipulated supervision conditions. Immediate reincarceration is not viable because a violation of parole could not be serious enough to necessitate a jail term.
Introduction McLaughlin and McLaughlin (2014) describe seven policy analysis processes at length, including the identification and definition (of the problem and the process), the analysis of values, the evaluation of political feasibility and economic viability, the implementation strategy and planning, and health technology assessment and evidence-based medicine analysis. In this paper, four of these processes will be applied to Proposition 63, which will allow us to get an insight into the process of policy analysis as well as the policy itself. Given the fact that McLaughlin and McLaughlin (2014) describe policy analysis as a learning process (p. 192), such a use of their framework appears to be fitting. The Policy The policy that is going to be considered here is the California Proposition 63, a plan developed by the Mental Health Services Act, which involved introducing additional tax (“1 percent tax on personal income over $1 million”) in order to provide the funding to mental health services that have been created through the Mental Health Services Act (Bambauer, 2005, p. p.642). It was enacted in 2007 (Jenson & Fraser, 2015). Bambauer (2005) analyses this policy to gain an insight into its popularity among the population of California. Here, a similar attempt is being made. We are going to consider Proposition 63 from the point of view of identification and definition, values analysis, economic viability, and political feasibility. These processes are chosen to ensure an extensive overview of the kind of reform that the Proposition intended to bring along. In the future, the implementation of the plan can be considered to try to locate similarities and difficulties with the initial intent and the final version of a policy. The processes that remain unused in this paper include the implementation strategy and planning, which is concerned with the thorough consideration of the issues that are likely to arise in the processes of policy implementation and the preparation to resolve or avoid them. The implementation is the most important part of a policy assessment, but here, greater attention is paid to the policy’s concepts and development. Also, health technology assessment is not considered in this paper. It is related to the consideration of the way technology advancements (that are becoming exceedingly important for modern healthcare) are being adopted and implemented, how (or if) the policy can benefit from them, and what expenses (in terms of money, time, and effort required for training, and so on) would be necessary. Finally, the evidence-based medicine process is not taken into account; it would be similarly concerned with the use of modern medicine, the related constraints and opportunities, efficient use of resources, and so on. The Application of Processes to Policy Evaluation The policy that emerged from Proposition 63 (that was passed on November 2, 2004) has been aimed at resolving the issue of healthcare funding as well as healthcare disparities. In the US, healthcare expenses are greater than in any other developed country (World Bank, 2016), a