ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary of the Article The article written by Rena Fox (2013) is aimed at informing the audience about the approval of two drugs that can be used for the treatment of hepatitis C. These medications can be described as protease inhibitors (Fox 2013). These drugs are based on the combination of rebavirin and peginterferon. Their main advantage is the increased SVR (sustained viral response). Nevertheless, the author notes that the treatment of hepatitis C has to become more elaborated because there are many strains of this virus (Fox 2013). However, these new drugs can offer new opportunities for patients and physicians. This is one of the aspects that should be taken into account. The author mentions other drugs that are not tested by pharmaceutical companies. On the whole, the clinical trials of new drugs indicate that these medications can be more effective than many existing ones (Fox, 2013). Furthermore, she describes the principles that medical professionals should follow. In particular, they should evaluate every candidate for antiviral treatment (Fox, 2013). Moreover, much attention should be paid to the possible contraindications that a person can have. Provided that contraindications prevent a person from being eligible for antiviral therapy, one should focus on the tested methods of hepatitis C treatment (Fox, 2013). Overall, the author mentions that a medical professional should decide whether the treatment can be deterred or not. This question is particularly important at the time when there can be breakthrough treatments of hepatitis C. Under such circumstances, one should focus on the patient’s physical or mental condition and the stage of the disease. These are the main issues that Rena Fox examines in this article. To a great extent, this text can be used a guide by practitioners working with patients who have hepatitis C. Significance to the course contents This article can be relevant to the contents of this module as well as the entire course. First of all, it is possible to relate this text to the concept of global health. One should bear in mind that hepatitis C affects approximately 150 million people in various countries (World Health Organization, 2013). Therefore, it is critical to find ways in which one can reduce the prevalence of this disease on a global scale. One of the tasks that should be achieved during the course is to identify the forces or factors that can shape global health. This resource shows that availability of effective drugs is the most important prerequisite for improved physical health. This is one of the main points that can be made. Secondly, the article written by Rena Fox is closely related to the development of health promotion plans. This is also one of the issues covered during the course. As it has been said before, the author offers guidelines for determining which course of actions is most helpful for patients with hepatitis C. Thirdly, one of the objectives that should be achieved during the course is to identify the strat
Political science 1 involves the study of governance, politics and programs of particular nations and regions. It analyses the way governments manage their political, religious and social issues. The Recount is a film that depicts a sequence of happenings that took place during the presidential vote in the United States of America in the year 2000. The movie involves the former Governor of Texas, George W. Bush, and the former Vice President of the US, Al Gore. The scene begins with the depiction of election on November, 7 th , 2000 and concludes with the US Supreme Court verdict that stopped the recount of the Florida State elections on December, 12 th 2000 (The Recount). The scene begins with Al Gore giving an early telephone call to George Bush. Al Gore had already conceded defeat to Bush in the morning of 8 th November 2000. In the scene, Al Gore’s campaign team decides to sue for a manual recount in his Democratic Party’s stronghold. Al Gore suspects the possibility of discrepancies in voting in closely contested states as shown by the electronic election recount. The Republican Party pressurizes Florida’s Secretary of State Katherine Harris 2 to give an opinion of the outcome in favor of Bush. The focus turns to the recounts by media, party organs and the citizens at large. The Florida Supreme Court spokesman Craig Waters makes a critical announcement that prolongs the deadline for returns in the initial recount of November, 21 st 2000 and directs a national recount of votes on December, 8 th 2000. The Supreme Court later stops Craig’s directive. In the new scene, Florida’s Secretary of State Katherine Harris supports her Republican candidate George Bush instead of exercising her duties as a Secretary of State of Florida. Her conduct signifies that she is acting in agreement with George Bush to rig elections in favor of her candidate. The Court of Florida orders a recount of the votes, and the Supreme Court also upholds a win for Al Gore in the elections. American and Canadian elections usually use a single member p
Summary Miami and New York are great cities for a pleasant weekend or even a mini-vacation. There are many parks in New York, located in various parts of the metropolis, including Corona Flushing Meadows Park, Central Park, Coney Island, Van Cortland Park, Clove Lakes Park, and Battery Park, Astoria Park, Pelham Bay Park, Prospect Park, and Riverside Park. There are also multiple indoor sports facilities, including fitness centers, dance halls, and yoga rooms. Recently, the mayor of New York, Bill de Blasio, announced that the city authorities would close up to 40 miles of roads along recreational green spaces and parks to provide residents of the city with more room to relax during social distancing. This wise decision is especially relevant for the post-crisis period associated with coronavirus, the consequences of which cause depression in many people. Depression symptoms are common due to a lockdown for people who escaped infection and a lack of oxygen supply to the brain during the illness for people who survived the disease. The mayor promises to further close up to 100 miles of New York roads, which will allow citizens to improve their physical and emotional well-being and receive a daily dose of oxygen and Vitamin D. Miami is also rich in recreation areas, as it is famous for its beaches worldwide. Although most recreational areas facing the ocean are privately owned, Miami Beach can be an excellent place for recreation within the city limits. Water sports enthusiasts can go kayaking on the Indiana River, while fitness fans always have the opportunity for a pleasant outdoor workout in one of Miami’s parks and green spaces. NYC Museums NYC is located on the Eastern Coast of the North American continent. It was founded by the European settlers in the late 17th century and was first called the New Amsterdam. It faced a boost in its development in the late XIX-early XX centuries with the growing share of manufacturing in the state economy and the enormous flows of immigrant labor that it attracted. Modern New Yorkers are mainly sophisticated metropolitan dwellers with a sound sense of individuality and a taste for entertainment. There are up to 8 million people of different races and cultures who live in New York and work in big and small enterprises. New York City today is one of the world’s most prominent business centers, and people mainly arrive in New York to find white-collar jobs, unlike in the early XX century. There is still a distinct class division, with the small part of elites living on the fifth avenue, a fair sh
Introduction In the contemporary world, the audiences of learners in all types of educational institutions, ranging from kindergartens to universities, tend to become more and more diverse. Because of the differences between various learners, it becomes increasingly inadequate to utilize the same instructional methods for all the students. Therefore, a need arises to use instructional methods and techniques which would be either flexible enough to suit all students or would allow for adapting instruction to individual learners. This paper examines two instructional techniques, namely, Differentiated Instruction and the Universal Design of Learning, which is aimed at satisfying the diverse needs of the contemporary learners of virtually all educational levels. After discussing Differentiated Instruction and the Universal Design of Learning separately, the paper compares the two techniques to find out which similarities and differences these two approaches possess. Differentiated Instruction Generally speaking, it is possible to define Differentiated Instruction (DI) as an approach to providing instruction to students in a manner which would take into account the peculiarities of each student and adapt the teaching materials and techniques to these peculiarities to find a match for each learner (Dixon, Yssel, McConnell, & Hardin, 2014; Ernest, Heckaman, Thompson, Hull, & Carter, 2011; Taylor, 2015). However, it should be stressed that researchers have different opinions about what aspects of instruction should vary in DI according to the peculiarities of a particular learner. According to some authors, differentiated instruction can take into account such individual aspects of learners as culture or ethnicity, gender, learning style, and so on (Dixon et al., 2014; Ernest et al., 2011). On the contrary, other authors, such as Pham (2012), state that the concept of “learning styles” has a poor evidential basis and should not be employed in differentiated instruction. Instead, the author suggests that the teacher should emphasize the identification of the level of the readiness of their students; modify the contents, process, and products of instructions that they deliver; and improve collaborative efforts and autonomy in the process of learning (Pham, 2012). It might be possible to state that Pham (2012) argues that taking into account these three factors may allow for providing high-quality instruction for any student by estimating how ready these students are to learn; adjusting the instruction accordingly to meet these readiness levels; and enhancing both the individual and collective efforts of students to learn (Pham, 2012). On the other hand, such authors as Ernest et al. (2011) also propose to concentrate on other aspects of differentiated instruction, such as changing four main components of instruction chosen from a particular area: content, product, process, learning environment. On the whole, however, the crux of differentiated instruction is that this approach attempts to take into account the needs of virtually every student in this or that way, and adjusting the instruction to the needs of that particular student. Univ
Introduction The following is an essay on small businesses and their effect on labor movement. This essay will describe what small businesses are and how they affect the operations of labor movements both positively as well as negatively. Definition of small business Small businesses have different definitions and their classification is according to different countries. In United States, a small business is the one, which has a minimum of ten employees and a maximum of two hundred and fifty employees. The definition of small business in Australia is a business whose employees do not exceed fifteen. European Union defines a small business as the one with less than fifteen employees. Other than size parameter, there are other measures used to classify the business as a small business enterprise. They are the value of total assets or the net worth of the business. The turnover is another parameter used to classify business as small business but these parameters differ from one country to another (Cox, 2011). The characteristics of small businesses are that they are owned by one person or as a partnership. They have low capitalization, which is the reason for their size within the industry. Due to their low capital, they are sometimes characterized by high rate of failure and bankruptcy because they are the owners’ sole source of income. When the owner mismanages finances or is not well prepared to handle low seasons the risk of failure is evidently high which leads to loss of jobs. This triggered the need for workers in small business to protect their work as well as for collective bargaining through labor unions (Hill, 2011). The discussion in the essay is about the effect of small businesses on the labor movement. Effects of small business on labor The first effect of small businesses on labor is about membership. Most people in the United States prefer to be employed by private sectors. Half of those who work in the private sector work in small businesses. The labor unions on the other hand are mostly involved in the public sector and large enterprises. Most of the small businesses are undercapitalized and they rely too much on the labor to make profit. The small businesses owners have always opposed any attempt by their workers to unionize or to belong to any major labor union. This has denied the labor union the number of people they would wish to have in order to acquire social political influence (Hill, 2011). The other effect, which the small businesses have on the labor unions, is that they have intensified use of violent ways of negotiations adopted by labor unions. Some labor organizations result to use of threats for their demands to be met. The threats are criminal as they not only withdraw labor from the small business but also threaten lives of the owners of small business most of whom are opposed to the small businesses (Cox, 2011). Due to the myriad of businesses, which various small businesses engage in, the small business employees have formed their own union for collective bargai
Introduction Competition Bikes, Inc. successfully manufacturers, distributes, and sells customized bicycles for professional riders who participate in bike races, biathlons, and triathlons. Since its formation in 2001, the company has experienced substantial growth. Currently, the company operates in two locations, San Diego and Atlanta. Larry Ferguson, the company’s founder and chief executive officer, is considering opening a new location in a city in the middle of the United States for decreased distribution time. Prior to deciding to open a new location, Larry wants to ensure the company is properly controlling cost, finances, and internal controls. This report highlights Competition’s operational strengths and weaknesses, working capital, internal control, and compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley. Operational Strengths and Weaknesses Horizontal Analysis A Horizontal analysis analyzes financial statement information over a certain period. Horizontal analysis assists managers with identifying year-to-year changes in a company’s financial statements. A review of Competition’s income statement reflects a 33.33% increase in sales from Year 6 to Year 7. However, sales decreased by 15% between Year 7 and Year 8. Further analysis shows that Competition’s net sales increase when advertising expenses increase. For example, Competition increased advertising spending by 37.5% between Year 6 and Year 7 and sales increased by 33.3%. When advertising expenses decreased by 16.3% between Year 7 and Year 8, the firm had its sales decreasing by 15%. Therefore, one of Competition’s strengths increasing advertisements, which in turn leads to increased sales. However, sales represent a weakness with decreased advertising spending. Therefore, from this perspective there is need for Competition Bikes, Inc. to embark on serious sales promotional services especially advertising in a bid to attracting more customers hence achieving higher sales. Vertical Analysis Vertical analysis assists managers with analyzing financial statement information by identifying the significance of each item using percentages of a base amount. A vertical analysis of Competition’s balance sheet shows that land represented 46.3% of the company’s assets in Year 8. It also shows that mortgage payable represented the largest portion of the company’s l
The video clip of the current business event under consideration is entitled “Climate change may destroy Alaskan towns”. The Associated Press introduced it on the web source NBC News on October 21, 2015. The information from the video describes the devastating condition of the small settlement on Kivalina Island in Alaska. At the beginning of the video, it is noted that Barack Obama was the first president to visit the Arctic Circle. This fact demonstrates the urgency of the issue. Thus, according to news, a small town in Alaska faces the threat of becoming the first American climate refugees. The alternations of climate slowly but steadily negatively influence human life. Residents of Alaska are the first people to suffer from climate change directly. Currently, storms in the Atlantic Ocean destroy their land. Once, the land was protected from the ocean by a large chunk of ice. Due to climate change, ice melting resulted in the disappearance of the ice wall. People have no place to hide. Their lives are in danger as far as they have no shelter, their food is changing, and they have fewer opportunities to survive. According to the information provided, the residents of four Alaskan villages have to be evacuated urgently (“Climate change may destroy Alaskan towns”). The first issue refers to the vital need for evacuation and available financial resources. Billions are needed to relocate Americans to other areas. Besides, climate change destroys the productivity of lands and decreases the demand for real estate. Consequently, the country may face severe losses because of climate change. This condition represents the need to establish a particular program for the further regulation of such concerns. Also, it serves as a warning sign for the rest of the world. Works Cited Associated Press. “Climate change may destroy Alaskan towns.” Online video clip. NBC News . 2015. Web.
Privatization of the social security would be a very effective tool in improving the capacity of the poor and low income earners to develop the capacity to invest. A closer examination of this action reveals that the poor would benefit most from the privatization of the Social Security. This is because the privatization would provide much higher rate in return on investments to the poor and the elderly. The system in its current form is specifically designed to be progressive but a closer synthesis of it reveal that it consists of many inequities that act to the disadvantage of the poor. In addition to this, its progressivity is put into test by the differences in life expectancy between the poor and the rich. It a natural fact the rich have higher life expectancies than the poor and as such are likely to receive higher rewards in social security returns. According to Turner (1996), “In a privatized system, an individual’s benefits would not be dependent on life expectancy in that individuals would have a property right in their benefits and any benefits remaining at their deaths would become part of their estates, inherited by their heirs”. The benefits that the privatization program would bring are not hard to discern. Garrett (1995), illustrates that “first, privatization would bail out a system hurtling rapidly toward insolvency and second, privatization would provide retirees with a much higher rate of return on their investments”. In relation to the recent economic events revealed in the form of dwindling stock markets, lack of employment and drop in family household earnings, the best approach is to explore issues that would translate into higher investment returns to the poor in the future. Social security forms the major source of savings for retirement and such should be enhanced to not only address the current economic situation but also deal effectively with the future demands. The recent structure of our social security plan is that it significantly contributes to the draining of resources from the poor areas thus leaving no money for investments in these regions. “Privatization would increase national savings and provide a new pool of capital for investment that would be particularly beneficial to the poor” (Turner, 1996). In addition to the above, privatization of social security would be of immense benefit to me. This is because I am a low income earner who would love to reap most from investments in the future. One path to the realization of this is through the privatization of the social security. Furthermore, I would like to retire early in my career and join self employment. In understanding the fact that if I proceed to retire at or before 62, my benefits will be permanently reduced to 80% of my PIA but would rise to 109% if I increase my retirement age to 67. I believe the privatization program would change some of these rules regarding the minimum age of retirement and come up with
Introduction: When Personal Interests Conflict the Demands of the Society Finding a vocation is one of the tasks that seem simple only on the surface; when getting down to its core, the problem reveals a number of implications. It seems that there is after all some rhyme and reason for so many synonyms for the word “vocation” to exist: job, profession, business, engagement, destiny, fate, to name a few. Vocation is extremely hard to find, yet when one does, the choice between what the given person wants and what the society wants from this person is quite complicated. While disregarding the society’s demand, one can possibly end up as an outcast, picking the track that one does not like just because the society forced him/her to will finally lead to a conflict within. Hence, no matter what one’s decision will be, the choice between the two comes at a price. Without a Grain of Rejection: Continuous Harmony of the Social and the Personal On a second thought, it is not the egotistic element that comes as a negative aspect of choosing one’s path on one’s own. It goes without saying that the desire to find one’s identity and, therefore, shake off the everyday image, trying another identity and spending a considerable amount of time in search for the one. However, it seems that at certain points, the idea of deviating from the charted track and becoming a completely different person is not as much selfish as it is immature and half-baked. For instance, Pham’s character confesses in the following: “Where are you from? Originally.” I have always hated this question and resent him for asking. I hide my distaste because it is un-American. Perhaps I will lie. I often do when someone corners me. Sometimes, my prepared invention slips out before I realize it: I’m Japanese–Korean–Chinese–mixed–race–Asian. (Pham 6) The given passage might be considered as a strong statement of one’s identity being changed once and for all. However, if taking a closer look, one will see the insecurity concealed in these words. Avoiding explanations concerning the identity issue, Pham’s character shuts the vis-à-vis out, thus, making it obvious that the given issue is rather painful. For the one who is determined to stand his/her ground concerning the identity issue, a less reclusive attitude can be expected. Pham’s character is a clear-cut example of the person whose ambitions do not match his abilities: he “was hoping something miraculous would happen” (Pham 98) instead of blazing his trail into his own Promised Land. Thus, it can be considered that sometimes, one can reach a reasonable compromise between the social demands and the personal vocation. Likewise, Liu’s character is also discontent with his identity and needs to change it: “The problem is, I disagree with it often” (Liu 58). However, he approaches the problem in a much more mature way, realizing that there will always be a part of him that has some of the Asian American element: “There is always a part of me that believes I will find deliverance if I merge with this id