ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Desiderius Erasmus was a Dutch theologist, catholic priest, and reformist. He was renowned critic of the hypocrisy in the church and among scholars who thought they knew too much. Erasmus was among the founders of the Christian Humanist Movement that was very popular during the Renaissance (Erasmus, 1876). This work discusses the central concerns in one of his works, In Praise of Folly . In Praise of Folly is a piece of satire that criticizes rampant folly among people who claim to be free from it. According to Erasmus, church leaders, lawyers, classical scholars, social classes and other people in society are all foolish, yet they claim to be enemies of folly. Folly narrates the story of her importance to a very huge crowd. She is with her allies Philautia, Kolakia, Lethe and Annoia. She begins her oration by stating her importance in the world. She argues that marriage and giving birth come from her. She also states that women struggle to attain beauty because of folly, and friendship entirely depends on the foolish belief that friends’ characters are the best in the world. She further insists that only folly can make people feel good. According to her, many people enjoy listening to stupid people than wise people (Erasmus, 1876). She criticizes scholars, celebrities, priests, and theologians for pretending to be wise when they are among the greatest fools. She asserts that scholars are silly and irrelevant in most of the things they do, yet they claim to be against folly. She satirizes the doctors of theology for complicating their speeches just to confuse their listeners and make them see them as wise. She considers such acts folly. Folly also accuses bishops and priests of living luxuriously at the expense of spreading the gospel (Erasmus, 1876). In the third part, Folly asserts that Christianity developed on folly. She refers to the contents of the Bible as nothing but folly. She also considers Christ’s decision to die for the sins of human beings a manifestation of folly. She ends her treatise by telling human beings to enjoy their lives because life is the greatest sign of folly (Erasmus, 1876). Major themes Folly among theologians Erasmus uses a very harsh tone while talking about the folly among theologians. She blames them of using elaborate philosophical terminologies with the purpose of confusing their listeners. She goes further to argue that the theologians are more concerned with their theses than God’s message. According to her, theologians coin biblical teachings in their favor, while bishops and popes live luxurious lives at the expense of simplicity. The dependence of relationships on folly Folly argues that without her, there could be no marriage, love, and friendship. She states that partners in marriage neglect each other’s faults because of stupidity. She adds that people retain friends after fooling themselves that their weaknesses are irrelevant. According to Folly, a woman conceives when her husband fools her that things will be well. Therefore, without folly, there could be many fight
Leisure Travel is today one of the largest and fastest-growing global tourism markets in the world. In an actual sense, many locations are now keenly involved in developing their tangible and intangible travel chattels. This is mainly to develop comparative advantages in an increasingly competitive tourism marketplace. Additionally, it is meant to generate local uniqueness in the face of globalization. Together, leisure travel and creative industries are increasingly being used in the promotion of destinations and in enhancing their competitiveness and pleasant appearance to enhance tourism (National Geographic). When it comes to assessing the impact of leisure travel on tourism, there is the need to observe the rising connection that exists between tourism and leisure travel. This is mainly in connection with how they have together become major drivers of the attractiveness and competitiveness of destinations (National Geographic). Recent case studies indicate that the different facets of the relationship between leisure travel, tourism, and the attractiveness of a region can be used in enhancing the region as a tourist destination. The strong connection can also be cultivated to assist places to become more eye-catching to tourists as well as growing their competitiveness as locations for tourists to visit, work, and invest in (National Geographic). In many ways, the inter-relationship that exists between leisure travel and tourism is more often than not confronted by several stratums of intricacies. This is because the very nature of leisure travel indicates that it is not stationary, rather it is dynamic. It evolves and changes giving it an all-around relationship that it shares with tourism (Robinson-English). Additionally, the composition and practices in tourism are never isolated from the aspects of life. This is because tourism in structural terms involves a set of social practices that are normally interconnected with all the aspects of people’s daily lives. Tourism as an aspect touches on people’s associations with other people, places, and history. Regarding policy issues, tourism cuts across t
Introduction Health promotion entails enhancing access to health services by controlling the determinants of health. From the readings assigned this week, it is evident that stigma has resulted in health inequalities in mental health care (Hatzenbuehler, Phelan, & Link, 2013). This issue has created significant barriers for nurses, healthcare assistants, and Canadian residents. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the issues, challenges, and nurses’ role in reducing health care barriers attributed to stigmatization. Key Issues The most important facet is minimizing health disparities and changing their determinants (Raphael, 2012). Canadians experience great health discrepancies due to differences in areas of residence, social classes, economic status, gender, and ethnicity (Veenstra & Patterson, 2017). This problem is aggravated in mental health care by stigmatization (Hatzenbuehler et al., 2013). Stigma causes the society to cast aspersions on mentally ill patients, who in turn develop self-hate. Consequently, these patients fail to seek the required medical help, which causes imbalances that influence their overall health standing, life expectancy, disease prevalence, and death rates. Challenges Faced When Addressing Inequities in Mental Health Doane and Varcoe (2015) highlight the importance of sound leadership in health care. The major challenge in addressing disparities in psychiatric health is the lack of government support for the overall problem of health imbalances. Canada was among the fir
Introduction Climate change is one of the most significant environmental issues in the world. It has been perpetrated by many causes, the majority of which are connected to the existence of human civilization. Oil spills, toxic waste, smoke from car exhaust, factory and coal plant refuse, increased consumption of natural resources, and many other pollutants are gradually affecting the climate on the planet. Scientists and researchers across the globe are talking about the alarming rates of temperature increase, which threaten the integrity of the polar ice caps. Changes in the climate threaten more than half of the entire world’s population, promising droughts, tornadoes, tsunamis, and floods along the ocean coastline (Baer and Singer 15). Although climate change poses an existential threat to humankind, the world does not have a uniform solution to the problem. There are many cultural, technological, and political obstacles in the way. In some countries, like the USA, the validity of climate reports is put into question at the highest levels of governing authority. Nevertheless, climate change is not a matter of opinion; it is a fact. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the available technological solutions to reducing the amounts of waste, pure water usage, and greenhouse gasses in the industry as well as political, economic, and enforcement issues of such policies. Climate Change Facts Although the scientific community is not completely certain of the exact causes and processes behind different aspects of climate change, there are some main issues that are considered prominent in regards to the world’s prosperity and security. Climate change facts are as follows (Baer and Singer 43):   * Global temperature rise: The average surface temperature has increased by almost 2 degrees since the 19th century.   * Oceans are heating up: Oceans play an important part in the world’s ecosystem by absorbing the extra heat coming from the Sun. As it stands, the overall temperatures of the first 700 meters of ocean water have increased by 0.6 degrees during the past 50 years.   * Shrinking ice sheets: Both the north and the south poles have suffered a dramatic loss of their ice sheets. According to NASA, the poles of cold have lost over 400 billion tons of ice during the last 20 years.   * Mountain ice caps shrinkage: Glaciers and ice caps have been shrinking all across the world, including some of the tallest peaks such as the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, and other major mountain ranges.   * Decreased snow cover: Winters have been notoriously snowless in the northern hemisphere during the last decade.   * Ocean acidification: The acidity of ocean waters has increased by about 30% during the last two centuries.   * Increase in CO2 and CO levels in the atmosphere: Since 1950, the concentration of these elements has reached over 400 parts per million.
Earning a professional human resource (HR) certification is one of the marvelous opportunities for improving professional development because the enhancement of civilian skills may be valuable for improving military career (“Certification for Military”). It is attributable to the existing connection between this document and both HR excellence and benefitting organization and employees (“Certify Your Organization”). First, being certified is beneficial for career development because it is indicative of an individual’s invariable and grunt work on personal advancement and the desire to gain new knowledge. In this way, the certification is the stepping-stone for obtaining an apprehension of applying business ideas to the military sphere, as military people often lack experience and knowledge in management (Wolfe 76). Also, it is critical for benefitting organizations by bolstering the achievement of strategic objectives. Being a common human resource management program, it is inseparable from the proficiency in core HR practices that may be germane to skyrocketing performance rates of subordinates and formulating appropriate strategies for complementing their involvement (Poell et al. Ch. 31). As stated by Muller and O’Brien, military people are ordinarily mission-driven, so, possessing adequate knowledge, they will easily inspire others to become dedicated to the organization’s goals (Ch. 4). All in all, HR certification may be advantageous for military career development because of the weighty contribution to building up effective communication skills so that overriding priorities are easier to reach. It is associated with the development of special skills that differentiate civilian leaders from military – capabilities critical for achieving a specific or even total welfare-based good through communication instead of the threat of violence or
Introduction Various communities have emerged from religions each with its own beliefs, practices, and purpose. Examples of these communities are the Zen Buddhism and Oneida community. These two communities share certain beliefs and differ in others. Zen community and Oneida community were formed with the objective of creating a community where people would live on earth without suffering. The founders of these two communities established the cause of suffering, and then found ways of eliminating it. Oneida community practices and beliefs The Oneida community was established by John Humphrey Noyes in the name of “free love.” Love was expressed through sexuality. Noyes was against the normal marriage because of two reasons, marriage made a woman a productive drudge and secondly, it was an obstacle to true Christian community because of the issue of staying as couples. To solve this issue, Noyes created a method where men would restrain themselves as a method of birth control and members of Oneida community had liberty to have sexual relations with the opposite gender. In addition, monogamous marriage was not allowed. Noyes stated that his teachings came from the bible. From the book of Genesis 1-3, sexuality served the purpose of expressing love and also that of recreation. However, after the fall, harmony between human beings was no more and this resulted to sufferings. As a result of this fall, human beings experienced financial struggles in catering for their families while women suffered in giving birth. Men separated from their wives in such of support for their families. The purpose of the Oneida community was to bring back the love that was lost between man and wife. People worked as a community for short hours, therefore reducing the burden of working. The path taken to live a life without suffering was, first, eliminating sin, shame, and then the burden of child birth. Zen Buddhism practices and beliefs The Zen community followed Buddha’s teachings. They had many practices such as zazen, where a person sat in meditation. Through this process of meditation a person experienced harmony. During meditation, thoughts passed through the mind but did not remain there. In this state of mind, everything that a person did came from natural impulses. A person was able to fully concentrate in his actions without i
Introduction Marketing of services is a complex knowledge domain that requires one to work on the consumer’s perception of the service. One example is the concept of employee emotional labor, according to which the way the employees display emotions during interactions impacts customer satisfaction. Other examples include the company’s webpage or its physical environment, all of which affect the intentions and behaviors of the consumers. This report aims to summarise the findings of research articles on service marketing. People The workers’ performance affects customer experience and by boosting employees’ work satisfaction managers can impact the quality of their services. Hur, Moore, and Jung (2015) discuss the issue of emotional labor and the connection between employees’ emotional labor and customers’ response. Previous studies show that emotional labor and emotional regulation of the employees, such as smiling when interacting with costumes and assertiveness, have a good impact on the perceived quality of services. These findings are the reason why most organizations encourage their employees to display positive emotions when interacting with customers (Hur, Moore, and Jung, 2015). The customers judge the quality of service partially based on their experiences while interacting with the employees. Some factors can intervene and impact the interactions between a consumer and service provider, mitigating or enhancing the effect of emotional labor. Notably, ‘customer–employee rapport mediates the relationship” between employee’s smiling and customer’s satisfaction with the services (Hur, Moore and Jung, 2015, p. 71). Among the many factors, this study points out employee job satisfaction as a significant contributor to the mediation of the interactions. The premise is that job satisfaction acts as an emotional contamination factor. Moreover, Hur, Moore, and Jung (2015) argue that employees can use different strategies of displaying emotions, for example, surface acting, which is a display of fake emotions, such as faking a smile, and deep acting, which are the true emotions of an employee. However, suffrage acting does not affect the customer’s perception of the services negatively. Therefore, this article shows the complexity of the relationship between a consumer and an employee providing services, and the authors suggest that customer satisfaction can be affected by employee job satisfaction, which mediates the effect of surface acting and job satisfaction. When interacting with customers, employees need to show positive emotions. For example, I am very sensitive to the atmosphere in restaurants, and if waiters do not welcome me and show a positive attitude, I feel unwelcome and less satisfied with the experience. One time, I came to have dinner with my parents at a local restaurant, and our waiter was a trainee. He was very welcoming and appeared to display genuine emotions, such as smiling. Sadly, he spilled soup on me while putting the plate on the table, which was a dissatisfying experience. However, looking back, I do not have many negative emotions about this incident or the restaurant in general, and I attribute thi
Introduction College students often face myriad challenges in their studies such as drug abuse, obesity, terminal diseases and psychological problems. Students with health complications are disadvantaged in academic activities. Most students often seek medical treatment for physical and psychological problems. However, most of them are oblivious of the fact that they can avoid many health complications by performing regular exercises (Hardman and Stensel 12-13). Although students engage in various activities such as watching movies, reading novels, shopping and interacting with each other, most of them disregard physical activity as form of leisure. Therefore, students who dislike physical activities such as games and sports should change their attitude because they risk having physical and psychological challenges including poor academic performance. This essay discusses the benefits of conducting physical exercises. Advantages of Exercise Medical research indicates that physical exercise has the following benefits to the wellbeing of an individual. Many college students are grappling with the challenge of being overweight because they have poor diets. Although there are various approaches of dealing with obesity, conducting regular bodily exercise is arguably the best solution to this challenge. Physical activities facilitate the burning of extra body fats, which accumulate in the body overtime. Therefore, regular engagement in physical activities is the most sustainable way of managing weight loss. Although losing weight is as difficult as paying debts it can be overcome through dedication and consistent exercises (Ginis and Petruzzello 72-73). Most heart complications can be avoided or retracted by regular exercise because the heart is one of the body organs that need to be active to function efficiently. Physical activities can repair impaired blood vessels by eliminating bad fats that clog them. Exercise also relaxes arteries; hence, making the heart to function properly (Hardman and Stensel 23-24). Moreover, simple activities such as walking, running, jogging and swimming can prevent or mitigate hypertension. Intensive academic tasks often fatigue many college students. Prolonged fatigue leads to lack of concentration in class and depression. Although many people often use tranquilizers to alleviate fatigue, they only feel better for a short duration. Interestingly, body exercise is the best therapy for fatigue and depression because it relaxes the brain and boosts self-esteem (Ginis a
Introduction In order for the government to empower and protect consumers in modern markets employing a less interventionist approach, there are several policy options. One such intervention is the introduction and enforcement of the competition law. Economic development and realization of better livelihoods can be catalyzed by interrelationships between government policies such as protection of the consumer, alleviation of poverty, competition law, and macroeconomic policies. Markets have both demand and supply sides. Nurturing healthy competition among suppliers of goods and services is sought by competition policy. The work of consumer policy is to facilitate functioning markets by empowering consumers to make informed choices, exercising their preferences, and informing the suppliers about the needs of the consumers. Since any production must be consumed, it is important for consumers to generate the signal of their preferences. Government measures to curb cartels in the market Therefore, the government should discourage the formation of cartels by suppliers through the formulation of the right consumer policy. These cartels usually cause markets to deliver outcomes, which are sub-optimal. A good example to elaborate this is that whenever consumers lack sufficient knowledge to enable them makes sound choices, the result is usually market failure. Therefore, any government intervention in the market should reflect the degree of market failure so as to produce net benefits for consumers. Net benefit in this case means that whatever will be the end result should be less the cost of regulation and market failure on the consumer side. In order to assist consumers in a relatively competitive market, which is free from market failures, the government should use the non-binding co-regulation approach in order to supplement Trade Practices Act Provisions. For instance, to focus their efforts on the interests of consumers, the participant of the competitive stimulus market may require a code of conduct that is non-binding. On the other hand, the government should introduce more binding co-regulation or mandated mechanisms. In less competitive markets that are suffering more severe market failures. Since consumers bear the cost of market intervention, their protection requires a careful balancing act as a tool for addressing market failure. Protecting and empowering consumers The other thing that the government can do to protect and empower consumers is the device policies that do not hinder national markets from expanding. There will be a significant gain by the consumers if firms are able to operate nationally. Costs can be brought down by the existence of national firms. This is because such firms are able to achieve economies of scale and as such exert a competitive discipline on the local firms. These cost gains will be passed down to the consumers if the policy implemented is effective. Similarly, national markets produce an effective div