ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Child labor remains one of the central issues in many countries. According to the Fair Labor Standards Act, the set minimum age of employment allows companies to hire individuals under eighteen years old for jobs with unlimited hours (Siroën, 2013). Moreover, people that are over eighteen are allowed to work at hazardous jobs. However, these standards have many negative outcomes that affect children and young adults in various aspects of their lives. While poverty can be considered one of the main drivers for child labor, some other aspects of working conditions for youth should be investigated (Edmonds & Schady, 2012). This paper aims to prove that the minimum age should be changed to be eighteen years old for employment with unlimited hours and twenty-one for jobs that are hazardous to one’s health. The minimum age for employment with unlimited hours means that workers that reach that age are allowed to fully participate in the working schedule of a company without any limitations. Currently, individuals that are sixteen years old or older can work full-time. Such a standard may damage the experience of young adults of this age for a number of reasons. First of all, many people of that age still attend school. Thus, their ability to work full-time may negatively impact their academic performance. High school is one of the final steps that can prepare children for college. Therefore, one’s grades and overall performance during the years of high school may be especially important if this person wants to continue his or her education. If an individual is given an opportunity to work unlimited hours during the high school years, he or she may lose the balance between working and studying. Moreover, some persons may be exposed to companies exploiting the Standards Act and making young people work full-time (Siroën, 2013). Therefore, although some individuals may want to perform well at school and work at the same time, these standards may negatively influence their ability to do that. Another reason to change the minimum age of employment is the impact that labor can have on children’s health. According to Landrigan, Pollack, Belville, and Godbold (1995), some hazardous jobs can expose young people to various dangers that are hard to monitor or pinpoint. For example, pizza delivery is not considered to be a dangerous job by legal standards. However, policies of most pizza delivering companies that promise customers fast delivery force workers to drive carelessly, which can lead to traffic accidents and connected injuries. Landrigan et al. (1995) write that many young workers employed in such companies have to drive very fast in order to fulfill the organizations’ requirements. Therefore, some young people can get into accidents due to their inexperience with driving.
The Cold War is the term often used to describe tension-like situations amongst two nations or blocks not amounting to full-scale war or similar such measures. The Cold War era has been in existence for a couple of decades, even resulting in two major world wars, besides having its imprint on scores of political decisions of concerned nations. There was a time, before 1991, when the world community was divided into two major blocks namely the USSR block and the US block. Those supportive of the policies of the USSR used to take cues from the policy announcements from Moscow while those supportive of the US policies used to plan their moves depending upon the statements from Washington. Quite often the world community appeared sharply divided into two different poles which resulted in a ‘bipolar world.’ Mastny (2008) underlines three critical components of cold war legacy namely;   * Legacy of Western Diplomacy of the early Cold War years resulting into steps like the formation of NATO, EU, etc.   * Arms control legacy, which deals with the relationship between diplomacy and military strength   * Multilateral diplomacy, resulting in several military campaigns around the world It is pertinent to note here that Kalantzis and Cope (2006) highlight the plight of American soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan by citing the huge investments done by the American government during Cold War days in consolidating its hold on the military arsenal. It has been emphasized that important milestones like winning of Second World War, and development of the Marshall Plan were possible due to considerable investments in the military power by the US during the cold war era (Kalantzis and Cope, 2006). The fate of USSR, another pole in the erstwhile bipolar world, also led to far-reaching changes in the region when USSR disintegrated into several smaller nations like Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, etc. Such incidents are a pointer towards the peculiarities of cold war strategies. While regular diplomatic ties and differences are handled transparently, cold war strategists prefer to counter the apparent offensive from the competing blocks in a not-so-transparent manner. Strategies are termed as Cold War because while on the face of it, there’s no war, the unease amongst both the blocks gives enough indications towards mutual bitterness amongst the two n
From the side of the small scale retailers, the customer service administered to customers was deficient in that; the retailers rarely installed the compactors. This is a problem due to the fact that the work of installation was left to the clients who had no knowledge on how to do it. The small scale retailers did their installations poorly and took no time to explain to the customer about the use of the compactors; not to talk of doing follow-up to do with their working. Coming to the company distributors; the lack of consistency in distribution of the compactors also resulted in problems; as some customers would get mixed-up by the differential responses regarding their orders by the small dealers and the factory distributors. The lack of consistency and a well defined channel of distribution within the marketing channels of the factory; brought about the biggest problem in this case. This is the case because from the interviews carried out; the customers are aware and raise the complaint about the double responses regarding orders by the company and the retail distributors. This as a problem, results in the compromise of customer interests as the company distributors would misinform the customers of the absence of their preference models; which in turn lead to the negative effects evident from the market, or even the loss of clients. The logistical channel of the company has and is the problem; because it is evident that there is a conflict of response to the customers orders especially those that are directed through the small scale distributors. The interview system and form; was not so accommodative to the Metropolitan markets due to its deficient structure. Holding the fact that St. Louis is a metropolitan market area, it is conclusive that there could be complaints among the small scale dealers that have not found their way to reach the factory. The metropolitan setting would also mean that customers are able to reach the factory distributors, without going through the small retailers therefore reducing the occurrence of complaints. The Marketing Vice president should employ a system that is capable of; detecting the complaints of distributors and customers in all settings; compel the small scale retailers to carry out customer service like installation and after sales services; and ensure that the different retailers do not exploit one another. These measures would ensure that the interest of distributors and customers are addressed. Mail Within Five Days of Installation
International law is normally a set of rules which are generally regarded and agreed upon as binding in relations that exists between nations (Brownlie, 2008). They are conventional and may often require the national legal systems to be in line with the provisions of the international rules. They are mainly instituted by covenants, customs, resolutions, treaties as well as general principles of law. Other sources of international law include declarations of international organizations as well as writings of judges. The scope of international law also includes relations between individuals as well as international organizations. The international law is facilitated by several international organizations. One such organization is the United Nations (UN) whose corporate social responsibility is to facilitate cooperation in international law. It ensures social progress of nations, human rights as well as achievement of world peace. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is another international organization that facilitates international law. Its corporate social responsibility is to supervise as well as to liberalize international law. Thus, it regulates trade between member countries; provides platform for dispute resolution process in international trade conflicts between member nations; provides framework for formalizing trade agreements as well as negotiating trade agreements. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is another international organization under the UN that facilities international law. Its corporate social responsibility is to ensure the protection of intellectual property among member states. It facilitates the transfer of technology such as industrial property especially to the developing countries so as to promote economic, social as well as cultural development. International Labour Organization (ILO) is a UN specialised agency whose corporate social responsibility is to promote social justice. It also promotes internationally recognized human rights as well as labour rights. Basic concepts of international law include property, status, tort as well as obligation. Tort as is defined in international law refers to civil wrongs which are recognized by laws, both national and organizational, as basis for lawsuits. Wrongs as defined in the tort law are injury or harm which constitute the grounds for making claims. The main aim of this law is to ensure that the wronged party is compensated for the damages incurred as well as to discourage others from engaging in similar crime. Tort law covers defamation, invasion of privacy as well as other economic crimes. Multilateral obligation on the other hand refers to a legal duty whose bearer, which is normally a state or organization, becomes
Introduction Energy is one of the most important factors of production in virtually every country. In addition, energy is increasingly becoming a political weapon at the global level because of its limited supply. Consequently, the US believes that it must improve its energy security in order to achieve its economic and political objectives. In this respect, some scholars and policymakers believe that the best way to improve energy security in the US is to increase the supply of oil. This paper disagrees with this perspective by arguing that energy security can be achieved in the US by reducing oil consumption rather increasing its supply. Discussion The US Oil Reserves The argument for the increase in oil supply in the US is mainly based on the fact that huge oil deposits have recently been discovered in the country. The US has approximately two trillion barrels of shale and tight oil reserves in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. Exploitation of the oil reserves has been made possible by technological advancements such as horizontal drilling. As a result, the US is expected to replace Saudi Arabia as the largest oil producing country in the world by 2015. In this respect, proponents of increasing oil supply in the US believe that it will enable the country to eliminate its dependence on oil imports. The resulting reduction in oil prices is expected to promote rapid economic growth. In addition, reducing oil imports will enable the US to implement its foreign policy and ensure national security without compromising its energy supply. However, achieving energy security through increased oil supply in the US is not sustainable in the first place. “Only 2% of the tight oil in the US is recoverable”. This percentage is equivalent to approximately a two-year oil supply in the US. Therefore, the oil resources that can be exploited are clearly not enough to ensure energy security in the country. The existing tight oil reserves will only reduce dependence on oil imports from 60% to 44% in the next two decades. Moreover, the country’s ambition of surpassing Saudi Arabia’s oil production rate means the oil reserves will be depleted very soon. Thus, increasing oil supply will only be a temporary solution to the country’s energy problems. As a result, the US will face a severe energy crisis in the long-term. Increasing oil supply in the US is also limited by financial and technological constraints. The technologies that are “used to drill tight oil (fracking and pyrolysis) are increasingly becomin
Introduction Antiseptic solutions are vital in any hospital setting because such environments are prone to many infections. This is because people suffering from various diseases come to the hospital with the aim of getting treatment. In the same hospital, there are patients suffering from other diseases, and if not taken care of, the cross-infection may take place. This can lead to a situation where people go to the hospital and leave the premises worse than they went (Burchard & Donald S. Gann, 2000). Therefore, antiseptic solutions help in the disinfection of hospital equipment and other materials required in the process of treating patients. Body Management of hospitals may decide to carry out research to establish the most effective antiseptic solution to be used in their hospital. This may involve several steps to come up with the most effective chemical that assures hospital workers and patients of safety within the hospital. It is not easy to change antiseptics because it should be known to be effective before introducing them to the hospital workers. It is vital to carry out laboratory experiments in order to approve the adaptation of any antiseptic. It can be fatal if an error is made and a defective antiseptic solution is used in cleaning and disinfecting hospital clothing and washing hospitals (World Health Organization, 2012). Therefore, care must be taken before any decision is arrived at by the hospital management. Hospitals must come up with an infection control program that should take charge of changing antiseptic solutions in their premises (Larson, 1995). There should be a committee including the hospital management to look into positive and negative aspects involved in the change of antiseptic solutions. This committee is the one to decide on the design of trying different antiseptic solutions to be considered. There are several designs that can be used for administering antiseptic solutions in hospitals. The most ideal one is the randomized controlled trial which involves nurses monitoring its application and reaction. For example, the antiseptic in question should be administered to selected patients with nurses monitoring them for three hours and recording how they react to bacteria around. If any antiseptic solution has negative results then it is scrapped, and the patient is introduced to the approved antiseptic already in use to kill the bacteria (Larson, 2001). This is vital because if the bacteria already exposed to the skin is left unattended it may turn out to be harmful to the patient. In the case where it reacted positively, then, the repor
Amazon, a major retail corporation, decided to develop drones to perform a delivery function. The initiative dates back to the 1980s when Michael Aldrich invented a method of connection of firms with their consumers. When the Internet secured customers’ safety and provided a decent connection, the barriers to enter the market were removed, giving rise to Amazon, eBay, and Dell. A few years later, the market was cleared from the majority of retail companies. Starting a book retail business, Jeff Bezos expanded the idea to resell a wide range of products, prioritizing the customers and revenue figures. Next, the company proceeded to grow, increasing the net worth, distribution area, and product line. One of the most progressive strategies comprised of the two-day delivery and subscription plans. The shipping procedure depended on third parties, which put Amazon in a vulnerable position. Jeff Bezos was bothered by the reliance on other companies, the cost of which had increased as a result of a rise in petrol prices. To attract more customers, Amazon started lobbying the US authorities to remove sales taxes. In addition, the company used data on its customers to offer desirable products. Thus, Amazon embarked on the progression of drone technologies as a means of an alternative delivery option. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) benefit the company by reducing expenses on fuel and drivers. However, Google and Carnegie Melon University were also in a process of testing. Thereby, Amazon was determined to reduce the delivery time to a minimum and began its own experiments. Analysis The development and further application of AVs will have a considerable impact on retailing, transportation, and some subscription service industries. The AV operation requires a substantial capital investment to purchase and adapt to usage. Apart from being costly, it is highly unlikely that machines can perform without any human assistance. Thus, workers will have to learn to use them, which only adds to the cost of training. Moreover, the benefits of automation cannot be instantly recognized since there is a time lag between purchase and exploitation. Depending on the size, retail businesses will have difficulties with delivering goods via drones as employees need time for education. Firms may be reluctant to undertake substantial funding with long-term results. Hence, employers are more likely to proceed with human operations, unwilling to lose loyal and trustworthy workers. Another cost of AV usage is the highly-qualified staff required to update and maintain software and hardware systems. A transportation company will face barriers in terms of the cost of a professional to regulate and operate drones safely and effectively. Additionally, customers can be hesitant to allow robots to ship their goods. Indeed, it might potentially reduce the sales and branding image of a company if something goes
Introduction There is variation between what feels right and what is right. This is the basic principle that brings about the considerations of ethics in whatever activity man engages in. We should not only do what feels right but also do the right thing as a way of upholding the ethical standards expected of us all. There are quite a number of platforms where strict ethical considerations must be incorporated in order to come up with plausible results that will not have negative impacts on the conscience of both the decision makers and their subjects. It is important to note, therefore, that decisions instigated by ethics are not just what feel right to us as the decision makers but what are right for both us and whoever our decisions would have impacts on. The significance of ethics has become apparent in the general practices that we engage ourselves in. Therefore, it is wrong to assume that ethics only apply in death and life matters in the professional lives of medical practitioners. Many have since thought that ethical considerations only apply in issues of abortion, euthanasia and contraception. On the contrary, ethical considerations must be incorporated in practically every medical consultation (Pence, 2007). This is inconsiderate of whether medical examinations will follow or not. It must be noted that the dignity of patients has to be upheld in the process of either medical consultation or examination. Additionally, practitioners must understand the specific expectations needs of patient in relation to their medical complications as a mode of improving both the physical and mental outcomes of their interaction with patients. This paper is a discussion of whether ethical theories have an imperative role to play in addressing practical complications in medical ethics or not. It also includes a detailed discussion on how the general ethical considerations are supposed to be incorporated in medical practices in order to foster decisions that have the best impacts on both the decision makers and the parties on whom the decisions made would have impacts. In the discussion, I will agree with the fact that ethical theories are indeed important in addressing practical complications in medical ethics. How are we supposed to make ethical decisions? People have, in most occasions, made decisions on an intuitive basis. This means that they have made decisions that feel right to them. However, this approach of decision making has quite a number of setbacks. For instance, there is always no guaranteed success of this approach in cases where the decision makers had never met a similar complication before. This is because the consequences of the decisions made remain uncertain until they are actually manifested. That notwithstanding, decisions instigated by mere intuitions might be difficult to defend if challenged. This is purely because someone’s feeling may contradict totally with the societal ethical standards (Palmer, 2008). The different moral theories make one understand and evaluate the consequences
According to my interviewee who is an activist, feminism is a movement that seeks to empower the female gender. The movement began in late 18 th century thus championing against oppression directed towards women. It sought to eliminate rape and gender based cruelty, which are rampant. These evil tendencies have limited the capability of women to achieve their full potential. In essence, shunning and neglecting the capability of women in most sectors has resulted limited their ability to accomplish their potential. The feminist movement is vocal in western countries where women have made significant strides in attaining equality (Kensinger 186). Nonetheless, the movement has failed to shun criticism. Critics have asserted that the movement’s ideologies have resulted in increases in divorce rates and the proportions of fatherless children. Indeed, I agree with the interviewee on the goal of such a movement, which entails empowering the female gender on all fronts. Although, my interviewee believes that the movement ought to be more radical and aggressive, I disagree with such thoughts because it would tear the foundation of the society, which is marriage. This is because men would feel threatened. Indeed, it is outstanding to foster the participation of women in society. Despite not being an inactive participant in feminist activities, I am a believer in their course and values. This insinuates that, I conform to feminism tendencies. Indeed, the movement has fostered human rights that relate to a gender, which was widely overlooked. Involvement in the movement The interviewee, a renowned feminist has participated in a variety of activities with the intent of promoting feminism. The interest group has hosted various seminars, which have primarily aimed at educating women on the position in society. Such seminars have encouraged women to explore divisions previously dominated by men. Enhancing women’s rights can only be successful when anchored by appropriate legislation. The above legislations would entrench affirmative action that would give women more opportunities. Affirmative action would ensure that distribution of jobs and resources is equitable. The interviewee participated in multiple rallies that aimed at creating awareness among members of the public. Being a conservative believer in feminism, I have not participated in many rallies. The rallies are for a worthy course because they have enabled women to compete equally with their counterparts by changing their mentality. However, it is imperative that the goals of these seminars are reasonable thus giving realistic hope on possible changes that would occur if feminism continues (Gardiner) Achievements of feminism Feminism fundamentally focuses on championing women’s rights. My interviewee