ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The modern natural world is full of biological diversity and healthy competition between organisms, which leads to a steady pace of evolution. In existing cohorts, one can find tens and hundreds of thousands of taxons, and each of them includes millions of representatives. Such effect justifies the grandiose diversity of living organisms, and it seems that humanity is not able to bring their change in natural life. Nevertheless, species with high value to society may still be absent from the diversity of flora and fauna. Farmers are known to grow crops, but because of climate patterns, plants in the southern regions may not take root in northern latitudes. On the other hand, when exporting such products, there is always the risk of premature deterioration. Finally, endemic crops are not always so biochemically valuable that they are consumed by the population. The problems described above are expected to lead to the need to create an alternative solution that can modify plants and animals in the way humans need. This solution has existed for half a century, and it is the genetic modification of organisms. With the mechanisms of transgenic organisms’ creation, the human began their artificial evolution. It is known that one of the products of natural evolution consists in the formation of new biological species, nevertheless, researchers ignore existing driving forces and save time when they create a product that is critical to the population. In other words, artificial evolution, launched with the creation of transgenic organisms, has its unique progressive path, although, in general consideration, undoubtedly interacts with the natural direction of life. The purpose of this term paper is to discuss evolution in detail from the perspective of transgenic organisms and, in particular, Atlantic salmon. Briefly about Evolution When any planet appears in outer space, it has a structural material that, under the influence of several factors, can lead to the formation and development of living systems. Planet Earth is extremely lucky, as, in 4.5 billion years, it has gone from the chemical evolution of molecules to the evolution of consciousness (Lambert 32). However, despite the seemingly significant differences between representatives of modern flora and fauna and those who were on the planet during the Archean era, all organisms share a key similarity — the presence of DNA. Phylogenetic analysis conducted in 2016 by a group of German researchers showed that more than 3.5 billion years ago, there was the LUCA, whose genome was subsequently transferred to all existing species (Weiss et al. 1). In other words, billions of years of mutations of the genetic year occur, which are expressed not only as a changed appearance of the body, but also by a chain of biochemical reactions and, consequently, ecological behavior. Evolutionary changes are based on concepts already created by
Executive Summary A project management plan titled “Developing a Local Area Network” is the focus of the critique of this report. Typically, the project management plan details the approach used to creat a local area network (LAN) by starting with the project management plan fundamentals as the project management plan benchmark framework for the critique. An analytical critique of the above mentioned project management plan is detailed in this document culminating in recommendations to address the issues raised in the critique. Typically, it is important to apply the use of modern software project management tools to provide advance simulations before a full pronged commitment of resources in project implementation. Introduction A project management plan is a critical document that provides a framework for starting and implementing any project. Typical of the current PMP to be critiqued, the details of the project scope, project sponsors, and other basic component details of the project are anaysed with accompanying criticism. The document starts with the project name as an outstanding element of the project, proceeds to detail other components of the project management plan before culminating with a detailed recommendation addressing inherent weaknesses Schwalbe (2007). Name The name of the project is a critical element that provides instant and descriptive information about the project. A keen evaluation of the title of the project “Developing a Local Area Network” does not reflect the actual designation of the
After the 1980s, school choice and vouchers became an important issue and an essential part of the American’s educational system. It provoked debates concerning the influence of vouchers and choice programs on the quality of education in public and private schools. The debates are based on ideological differences between market proponents, who suggest that individual choice has a great importance to improve the quality of education, and supporters of a publicly run educational system, who emphasize the importance of equity, commonality, and public accountability (Carnoy, Adamson & Chudgar, 2007). The introduction of the choice programs and vouchers provoked a competition among traditional public schools and one of the basic questions related to the choice programs deals with the problem of positive or negative consequences of this competition. The central areas of the educational process and reform are leadership, quality of teachers’ performance, policy quality of academic education and school choice. Many are concerned that quality of education seeks improvement, as well as many wealthier parents claim that they are not satisfied with the residential school and enroll their children in private schools which are considered to provide better quality of education. At the same time, poorer families have no possibilities to send their children in private schools. Thus, in order to make education equal for all children, a solution to introduce government-funded vouchers for low-income families was provided. In addition, this decision was aimed also at improving education in public schools as they would have to compete for pupils which would be a motivation for improvement. The introduction of the voucher program was essential for the American educational system. It provided the opportunity to enhance the quality of education as a whole. First of all, voucher programs influence public schools’ academic performance and make them compete between each other. Second, it provided American low-income families with the opportunity to send their children get high quality education in private schools. Finally, parents who were not satisfied with teachers, courses, attitudes or child’s performance in the school, could change the school for more appropriate one. In fact, parents preferred participation on choice programs for many other reasons, such as many of them claimed that MPS teachers did not pay attention to teaching moral
Detroit and its poverty sites were selected as the focus of the analysis. The choice was made due to the location, and the problematic solutions that present themselves in one of the most developed countries in the world. It is an important site to consider because there is a great connection between poverty, race, economic and social status, as well as education and governmental support. There is a great number of factors and issues that lead to a certain part of the population to live in poverty. “Focus Hope” is an organization that tries to alleviate the suffering of those in need. Poverty is considered to be one of the key problems of any civilized society, and there are very many reasons that lead to it. It is defined by a dire need for food, water, shelter, and clothing. The factors can be seen in the geographical location of the community, environmental conditions of the society, discrimination and segregation, economical position, personal education, and psychological choices, as well as health problems that prevent individuals from reaching their full potential. It is a very important issue that must be addressed, which is complicated by a number of other difficulties in the world, such as the economic crisis and international competition (Hartman 2001). An organization that takes part in dealing with poverty and improving the conditions is the “Focus Hope”. It is a non-for profit organization that takes an active part in helping people of all walks of life to get reintegrated into society. It aids those in need by having a food program, training for careers are providing any other inspirational support in youth development. The Urban context of Detroit becomes one of the factors in how the city adjusts to poverty and abandonment. Industries are moving out of the city, and people are abandoning houses. There is limited access to jobs, shelter, and places of adequate healthcare. Access to basic needs can change very quickly or it could be a gradual process. Detroit’s poverty rate has reached a staggering 40.9 percent, and conditions are not improving (Defining Poverty 2012). This is the largest in the nation, and the fact that it is not stopping but growing is alarming to everyone. The “Focus Hope” is closely involved with the community. There are several children’s programs set up; special attention is paid to the elderly population, and people without a cause. As such, the organization wants to unite people with art and social life (Focus: Hope 2013). This would prove beneficial because giving people an incentive would mean a lot. People would be feeling the support, as right now, they seem to be left alone without any particular interest from the rest of society or governmental institutions. As the company establishes connections with people, it develops a moral code that becomes well known. This is a great benefit because people start to realize their potential, and it gives them a strong base to begin from. Henry Ford was one of the people who spoke about poverty and ways to find solutions. His main point related to production and gi
Introduction The need to develop economic systems that reflect the needs of every community has pushed people to initiate strategies to effect necessary changes. Trading activities have become a backbone for the development of countries’ economies. Nations and their leaders are advocating for economic integrations expansions and innovations to develop their countries. It is imperative to consider nations’ social and political aspects before adopting any economic stimulus project. In 1930’s people adopted Neoliberalism as an effective way of developing economies. However, the steps adopted were not as effective as they were supposed to be. This led to change of meaning of Neoliberalism. Scope of Study This is a wide topic that involves many aspects of social, political and economic factors. Therefore, it is not easy to cover all this aspects in this discussion. However, the paper will explore significant social, political and economic aspects that are connected to Neo-liberalism. The study will focus on the impacts Neo-liberalism to the daily activities of human beings and their states. Preposition The beginning of the 20 th century was a significant period in the development of many nations. Most countries realized the need for economic integrations and corporations. This led to the formulation of policies that were aimed at governing economic relations among countries. As a result, there was the formulation of liberalist policies to unify trading activities among trading partners. These activities included the formation of trade blocks, treaties and production contracts. However, these attempts failed to yield expected results leading to withdrawal of membership from trading blocks and disrespecting trade agreements. The result was the formation of Neo-liberalism movements to oppose integration attempts. The liberalization of trade activities among nations was a deliberate attempt to spread imperialism and advance the needs of powerful nations. Objectives This essay explores various ways through which liberalization of trade activities was an attempt to propagate the interest of few countries at the expense of underdevelopment in other countries. The paper explores the initial intentions of liberalizing social, political and economic activities to reflect a uniform front. In addition, this paper outlines key
Since it was published posthumously in 2014, Marina Keegan’s collection of short stories The Opposite of Loneliness continues to enjoy much popularity with the reading audience. Probably the main reason for this is that the themes and motifs explored by Keegan in these stories resonate well with a number of unconscious “post-industrial” anxieties in readers. This implies that the literary work in question should not be regarded as being merely a personal account of different challenges that the author has dealt with while growing up and her reflective thoughts about what should be deemed these challenges’ discursive significance. Rather, The Opposite of Loneliness should be seen as such that provides us with in-depth insights into what constitutes the most notable existential predispositions in the representatives of Generation Y (born between 1977 and 1994) as a whole. In the paper, the author will explore the validity of this suggestion at length while promoting the idea that Keegan’s collection of essays holds the actual key to understanding the ongoing geopolitical decline of the West, in general, and America, in particular. Marina Keegan was born in 1989: the year that is now being commonly referred to as such that signifies the beginning of America’s rise to the position of the world’s only superpower. This means is that her formative years have been heavily affected by the discourse of this country’s “exclusivity.” After all, throughout the historical period in question, America was in charge of building and enforcing the “world new order.” (Knox 2). What also contributed rather substantially towards forming Keegan’s attitudes in life is that throughout the nineties, American society was enjoying the unprecedentedly high rate of economic prosperity, with more and more citizens beginning to take such a state of affairs for granted. As the practice indicates, however, if people enjoy a good living for much too long, it becomes only a matter of time before they start turning decadent, in both intellectual and physical senses of this word (Alexander and Sysko 3). This, in turn, creates the objective preconditions for the society to begin experiencing socio-political tribulations. There can be very little doubt as to both the high literary value of The Opposite of Loneliness and the fact that while working on her essays, Keegan proved herself as a talented young writer. Nevertheless, it also appears that the concerned stories’ semiotic patterns bear an unmistakable mark of decadence. The validity of this suggestion is best shown concerning Keegan’s nonfiction (autobiographical) essays in the second part of the book. After all, as one can infer from reading them, the author was on the pathway of becoming a typical White “yuppie”: a well-educated, intellectually refined, and overly sensitive individual, who nevertheless is quite incapable of effectively addressing even the mo
Many are the times a teacher is tempted to always conform to the norm of teaching through the methods that have always been in existence. Teachers ought to be creative and stimulate their class in order to achieve their desired learning objectives. In his book, Lefever acknowledges that there is joy in a teacher being creative and making the students participate in the classroom. Lefever gives the example of Jesus by saying that he did not just come into to the world, (Lefever 1996, pp. 1) 1 congregate his disciples and broadcast to them that he was the messiah other than he used stimulation whereby he taught, performed miracles and left no doubt in the disciple’s mind that he was actually the son of God. For if he did not stimulate his followers, few people were to believe that he was the son of God, therefore demonstrations formed the basis of Jesus teaching. Levefer also acknowledges that Christian teachers can be creative and there is no excuse that a teacher cannot be creative. Creativity therefore is a real concept and not an abstract concept as many people tend to think. It is a process and a journey throughout the life of the Christian teacher. A teacher has to have the will power to unlock the creativity locked inside him or her and therefore Lefever’s book is a reality to those teachers who think that a Christian teacher becomes creative because he/she possesses the inherent qualities of being creative (Lefever 1996, pp. 20) 2 . In most cases we tend to think that we are not creative because we have locked the potential in us and set limits to what we can achieve thereby hindering our being creative (Lefever 1996, pp. 20) 3 . However, he does not discredit that breaking away from the norm or the method that one is used to when teaching is not an easy thing to do but with numerous efforts one can be able to introduce new methods of teaching. However, a teacher should be prepared to be creative through adopting a different teaching method and not just adopt that particular method just because it is simpler to adopt it. There has to be careful analysis of what the method is going to help the teacher achieve in the classroom and how the learner’s spiritual growth is to be nurtured by that particular method which would be adopted. Lefever also cautions that being creative does not equate to unlimited freedom but a Christian becomes creative when they have divine discipline (Lefever 1996, pp. 17) 4 . Lefever has summarized the process of being creative in five major steps starting with a teacher preparing to be creative. This is the step where the teacher adequately prepares for the lesson throughout and he argues by saying that adequate preparation does not equate to preparation for teaching other than the teacher exposing him or herself to methods that are going to make her/him effective in the classroom for instance, through drama, simulation, telling stories in
Why paraphilias are much more common in men than in women The number of reported cases of paraphilias in different parts of the world indicates that more men are affected by the condition n their female counterparts. There are few studies that have been done to determine the main reason for this disparity in the number of victims. The most plausible reason for the high number of paraphilia cases among women is a psychological approach. It is apparent that testosterone is the hormone responsible for sexual behavior, fantasies, and urges. It is also clear that men produce more testosterone than women; hence, they are more likely to be sexually aggressive and experimental. Paraphilia is associated with the development of abnormal sexual desires that may include practicing some behaviors that are extremely dangerous. This aggressiveness has been linked to the production of abnormally high levels of testosterone. Women produce relatively lower amounts of testosterone than men, and this means that they are less likely to develop paraphilic tendencies, although they also face a risk of developing the condition. The production of excessive amounts of testosterone on the part of males is not the sole factor leading to the development of paraphilia. The psychological configuration of the man is a major determinant of the sexual desires and fantasies he assumes. For instance, men with a psychological impairment may engage in very risky sexual behavior if they are paraphilic. Some men may develop risky behaviors like rape, peeping on other people, and forcing their partners into risky sexual encounters. The interplay between high levels of testosterone and abnormal psychological issues is more common among men than women; hence, the disorder is more likely to be portrayed by men than women. Theory of paraphilias The psychoanalytic theory of paraphilias makes more sense because it explains the roots of the disorder from a psychological perspective. According to the psychoanalytic theory, paraphilia is a condition that is manifested by people with unresolved issues, and most of the issues can be traced to their childhood. Most of the abnormal behaviors of the victims of the disorder are associated with anxiety and irrational responses to sexual desires. Researchers have linked most cases of paraphilia with the presence of abuse of the victims during their childhood. There are also cases of adults portraying this disorder after suffering from serious mental and physical abuse. The psychoanalytic theory clearly indicates that paraphilic disorder is a function of psychological abuse and other
The Sound and the Fury is a wonderful written work first presented by William Faulkner in 1929. The book has many compelling episodes to get absorbed with. It is interesting how Faulkner described his characters so vividly, each of them has own principles, virtues, attitude towards life and towards Caddy. One of the main protagonists is Caddy. Candace is the second child of the Compson family. Being the only daughter Caddy had to play different female roles in the family. Also the author tells us about the three brothers Quentin, Jason, and Benjy who actually entrusted the three different roles to Caddy. Though the narration is out of consecutive order, it still arouses many controversial feelings in the reader’s heart due to the rapidly changing events within the time frames and morality. Following the story line of deteriorating Southern aristocratic society Faulkner showed the decline of Caddy. It is surprising how the author talks on his behalf just in some parts of the book. Several different characters describe the events with their voices and from their points of view, the book’s plot becomes even more interesting because we get a chance to form own opinion about Caddy after watching other characters implying theirs. For example, the insane Benjy loved Caddy and used to associate her with enjoyable memory from childhood: Caddy smells like trees (Faulkner, p.38), whereas Jason hated her fiercely, and Quentin was bound to Caddy by the former mother’s neglect. Due to different emotions of brothers- namely, obsession – towards Caddy we can clearly see how the author shapes the character of a girl. It is important to unveil how exactly Faulkner showed the brothers’ varying attitudes towards their sister Caddy through their voices in the novel. No wonder those will be enormously different because all three characters under consideration are presented in different light and moral shape. Benjamin Compson was the youngest brother of all four who won the utmost and genuine love of Caddy. The most important thing is that he was mentally disabled. It is well-known that during post-war times such people deserved neither much attention nor love from their family. Moreover, Benjy was somewhat a disgrace for the family of Compsons, especially for Mrs. Caroline Compson. Of course, this played a huge role in forming the attitude of Caddy to Benjy. Being a very straightforward and confident Caddy managed to be a carrying person. She was the one who really cared for Benjy with pure love of elder sister. Moreover, once the mother left Caddy merely replaced the mother for Benjy. Since then and way before that Benjy was dependent on Caddy because it is hard to imagine everybody else to have any affection for moaning and speechless idiot. However, for the sake of fairness,
Introduction There are three common types of sexual behaviors in human beings these are:- homosexuality, heterosexuality, and bisexuality. These are the behaviors that one has been oriented to either through parents, friends or the society. A homosexual is a person who is attracted to people of the same gender either physically, emotionally or sexually. Women who are attracted to their fellow women are known as lesbians. Men who are attracted to their fellow men are referred to as gays. Heterosexuals are people who are attracted physically, emotionally, and sexually to people of the opposite sex. Heterosexuality is therefore the desire for the opposite sex. Bisexuality is a sexual behavior where an individual is attracted to both males and females (Ano