ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Emerald Group Publishing Limited is the world’s leading scholarly publisher of journals and books in business and management with a strong and growing capacity of clientele. It is a trustworthy website to use on information research. It has the most current issues on various information and technology studies. The article was on the impact of ICT on new millennium learners’ educational performance. It had elaborations on various changes that were noted in individuals in school and out of school. The scope of the research was on the impact of ICT on behavioral patterns that subsequently affect performance. In this article, it was illustrated that though other forms of behavior could affect learners’ performance, ICT rates high. Views This research was not based on skills and proficiency in ICT, but rather it was based on activity types and educational performance as competency in cognitive, affective and socio-cultural domains (Myungee, Heeok, Minejeong 21). It was done in the whole country. This involved 1071 first year student that aged 15 years. The ratio of males to female was 569:509. Computer usage percentages by the individuals were as follows:   * 67.8 % had used computers for about ten years.   * 18.8% had used computers for more than ten years   * 11% had used computers for less than five year   * 3.1% had used computers for less than five years The percentage usage indicated relatively high computer resource exploitation by the teenagers in the country, though no student had used ICT for all their lives. The research indicates that education performance cannot be taken in only one dimension. This they qualified by having their research containing three dimensions of educational performance. These were as follow: cognitive, affective and socio-cultural. Of course these dimension each contained different core as shown in the table below. Affective domain     Cognitive domain                Socio-cultural domain Self identity        Information managing ability    Social membership     Self value           Knowledge construction ability  Social receptive      Self directedness    Knowledge utilization ability   Socialization ability Self accountability  Problem solving ability         Social fulfillment     Figure 1.Show different educational performance domains The findings showed that there was a significant correlation between ICT between the social context and the cognitive, social cultural educational performances. This study therefore related educational performance to behavioral patterns. The use of ICT place, context and purpose also gave out a clear-cut picture on ICT usage. The use of the three domains was to help give the picture on the overall use of ICT in learning countrywide. The article has well presented findings about the research that was carried out. It includes use of mathematical analysis and work outs that gives the real picture on the ground. The statistical analysis was on a nationwide basis, hence no biasness indicated (Myungee, Heeok, Minejeong 19). Other statistical data analyses are always based on a portion of area which is then projected to a wide area. This always giv
The article Barriers and facilitators to inclusive education written by Pivik, McComas, and Laflamme (2002) centers around the problems of students with mobility limitations and focuses on four categories of barriers: physical environment, intentional, unintentional attitudinal barriers, and physical limitations. According to the participants, the environmental barriers included “doors, passageways, elevators, washrooms, stairs and ramps, lockers, water fountains, and recreational areas” (Pivik et al., 2002, p. 101). Doors were often too heavy to open or were not accessible for the students; passageways were too narrow and difficult to use when filled with other students. The authors point out that the limits in the physical environment lead to social isolation as well (Pivik et al., 2002). This isolation was linked to intentional attitudinal barriers such as bullying (physical or emotional) and stances of isolation. According to the authors, “physical bullying usually related to people pushing the student’s wheelchair without permission, and in one instance, being purposely knocked out of the wheelchair” (Pivik et al., 2002, p. 102). However, emotional bullying was more frequent and more harmful, according to the students, because they were treated differently compared to other students. Unintentional attitudinal barriers included a lack of knowledge and understanding from the teaching and support staff. Students were assigned to be teachers’ helpers during physical activities and even excluded from some of the classes for no clear reason (Pivik et al., 2002). The staff experienced difficulties in understanding and accepting students’ capabilities and limitations. The last type of barriers are physical barriers; students with mobility limitations often need a personal assistant that will help them get dressed or move in the school. Students also have other physical needs that include the “need for extra time to get to class, eat lunch, or complete school work” (Pivik et al., 2002, p. 102). Based on these observations, the authors of the study include the following recommendations: “technological solutions, along with basic architectural changes to doors, elevators, washrooms, and ramps” (Pivik et al., 2002, p. 102). Wider corridors and classrooms lowered sinks in bathrooms, new bar grabs, and ramps near stairs were also suggested as possible facilitators. As for the problems linked to intentional and unintentional attitudinal barriers, Pivik et al. (2002) point out that disability awareness is crucial for these students, and they are willing to talk about it, but other students do not ask questions related to it. Policy facilitators could focus on adding extra time for students to get to the school/classes, repairment of elevators, and access to laptops since some of the students can have difficulties when writing. The authors of the study also asked parents to share their opinion on the issue (Pi
When the solvent moves from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to strike a balance between either sides of the membrane is referred to as forward osmosis (FO). Though an ancient technology, this phenomenon has played an important role in recycling of wastewaters and desalination of sea water. Even with their important applications, the implementation of this technology as a novel technology by a state comes with it many challenges. Such issues as underestimating/overestimating the cost of the project, lack of sufficient knowledge, lack of regulation by the government and criticism from the public greatly influence the success of FO. To this end, the literature in this essay tries to establish the challenges that come with the adoption of FO by a state. Forward osmosis is quite an intricate technology that requires comprehensive analyses of both the draw solution and the membrane-type to yield optimum results. Such challenge as the quality of the wastewater is an important parameter in determining the performance of the FO. To this end, the quality of the feed-water influences the fouling of the membrane; a factor that influences membrane performance. In this respect, on implementing this technology all these parameters ought to be factored in the cost. In essence, all these parameters can be determined in the laboratory; however, the results might give inappropriate information owing to the changing nature of the feed-water. Consequently, a firm might end up overestimating/underestimating the budget for implementation. Adopting new technology that is complex in nature can be quite difficult. The detail of this technology is that it incorporates vacuum membrane distillation in the FO. However, the literature provides separate information about the two components. As such, it proves a big challenge to overcome by the implementers who anticipate merging the two components to work as a unit. The engineers cum designers ought to develop the unit in the best possible way to achieve optimum results. To this end, before achieving perfect results, the initial designs would be inform of trial and error. Consequently, both time and money will be lost initially. Normally, when launching a new technology there aren’t regulations set by the states to control the operations. To this end, the new technology might have detrimental effects either environmentally or socially. In essence, initially the technology is greeted with lots of excitement by the stakeholders only to know of its effects later. Importantly, this technology has a serious environmental impact since it increases carbon index in the air. The osmotic agent, ammonium bicarbonate (NH 3 HCO 3 ), readily dissociates into ammonia and CO 2 gases. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. Urgent framing of laws would help regulate the operations vital in mitigating the negative effects (McCutcheon & McFinnis, 2005). The adoption of new technology is normally greeted with lots of resistance from the people. Normally, people are very
Readers and analysts can study Tarfutte as a drama that revolves around the subject of hypocrisy. It remains a fruitful theme for theatre since it presents a form of contradiction between religious expectations and what specific individuals preach and believe in (Becker). Additionally, playwrights, poets, and artists can expand the subject accordingly to present diverse narrations, views, and acts that can encourage the targeted individuals to change their relationships with hypocrites in their societies. In the selected play, it is evident that some people will gravitate toward extremism. The main factors that can trigger such a choice include the desire to experience religious breakthroughs, achieve personal goals much faster, and establish meaningful relations with pious individuals. Orgon’s life and experiences appear to support this form of explanation in the work. On the other hand, some maintain balanced beliefs and disregard the messages different leaders present. They decide to do so to overcome any challenge that might emerge from their association with hypocritical preachers or community members (Molière 58). Some might also strike a balance between their religious ideas and secular views. Orgon’s son, Damis, appears to remain skeptical and ready to prove that Tarfutte had ill intentions for the family. In the play, it is notable that the spiritual remains focused and put their faith in those who can seek divine intervention or authority. This scenario emerges when Orgon finds himself under Tarfutte’s manipulation. Most of the family members are opposed since they are aware of Tarfutte’s pretense and motive. The secular is seen relating with the religious in a friendly manner. However, they remain keen to provide their sincere insights and opinions about the unfolding events. For instance, Damis tries to prove that Tarfutte might be having some negative aims from the family. Nonetheless, Tarfutte uses reverse psychology to influence the decisions Orgon makes (Becker). While the secular members of the society respect the aims of the religious, they remain honest but skeptical. Such a practice appears to affect the nature of the existing relationship in the play. This story has several strengths that make it enjoyable and worth reading. For example, Orgon manages to secure both his family and possession before the end of the play. Tarfutte is also arrested for most of the crimes he had committed in the past. Valère never marries Tarfutte since all the other family members were against the move. The outstanding weakness emerges when the drama introduces King Louis XIV as a likely source of intervention in the unfolding drama (Molière 75). This portrayal makes the story less unconvincing while limiting the roles of the major characters whose actions could have still led to Tarfutte’s demise. Although Tarfutte is an entertaining drama, the king’s sudden introduction appears unconvincing since the whole affair revolves around Orgon’s family. The author overlooks the fact that a king is a busy person who f
Review of the study design The Stanford prison experiment describes what happens to people and the behavioral changes that can be noted when people are kept in a controlled environment. The exploratory aspect of the experiment is clearly shown by the change in the character of the prison sentinels where they go from being morally upright to hostile and dehumanizing beings. On the other hand, the ‘prisoners’ showed symptoms of angst, portrayed their emotions negatively, and grieved when it became apparent that their freedom would be curtailed for an infinite period. These changes in behavior occurred due to the change in the situations thus exploring what happens to people when they are subjected to appalling conditions. Generally, when power is handed to a person, he tends to abuse it and usually stamp their authority on whoever is below him. The people who are subjects show a negative reaction. They start feeling inferior and show a tendency of resigning to their fate. All this never came to their light until they were subjected to the experiment (Adams &Balfour, 2004). A critique of the ethical issues When it comes to experiments involving human subjects there are ethical issues and guidelines which should be followed. This Stanford experiment may not have followed the guidelines to the letter. The persons who agreed to participate in the experiment were all volunteers simply because the chief experimenter did not control the warders during the experiment in which they infringed upon the human rights of the prisoners. Though some people may argue that they might have been bribed I would say that it is not the case as the money given to them can as well be said was a sign of appreciation for the volunteer work they agreed to do for the benefit of society. The volunteers were also told what they were going to do. This did not go against the codes or the guidelines to be followed when doing research but by them being aware, it might, to an extent, alter their behaviors to suit the requirements of the study. The dehumanizin
Skill Shortage Defined The idea of a skill shortage seems clear-cut i.e. the supply of workers is not sufficient to meet the demand at current rates of pay. However, on closer examination ‘shortage’ is a surprisingly slippery concept, as the following quotes demonstrate:   * Labour shortages are not easy to determine. (OECD 2003 103).   * There is no commonly applied definition of labor shortages. (OECD 2003, pp.105).   * … there are no tangible measures or direct indicators of skill shortages. (Alpert & Auyer 2003, pp.1).   * No single practical measure of professional labor shortages exists, nor does it appear that one can easily be developed. (United States Bureau of Labor Statistics 1999, pp.17). A long-standing definition that appeals to economists is that by Arrow and Capron (1959, pp.307). A shortage is a situation in which there are unfilled vacancies in positions where salaries are the same as those currently being paid to others of the same type and quality. Yet another definition, expressed in terms of supply and demand, is a market disequilibrium between supply and demand in which the number of workers demanded exceeds the supply available and willing to work at a particular wage and working conditions at a particular place and point in time’ (Barnow, Trutko & Lerman 1998, pp.7). Each definition focuses on the loss in supply about demand, at the existing wages and conditions. Nevertheless, the concepts of demand, supply, and general conditions are not simple. Skill Shortage: Introduction A shortage of skills is a source of stress to firms and, when severe, is likely to impede the quality and quantity of their productivity. In a market economy, firms are familiar with being limited by their capacity to find buyers for their products, not by their capacity to produce those products. When firms have buyers waiting, although cannot produce enough to meet the demand since they cannot employ sufficient skilled workers, they take this as a malfunction of the skills development system. The drop in the general unemployment rate in Australia (at 4.9% in 2006, it is the lowest for three decades) is causing increasing numbers of firms to put up against these capacity constraints caused by skills shortages. Modern surveys of business confidence report that ‘the availability of suitably qualified employees has remained the number one constraint on business expansion’ (Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry 2006). Nevertheless, even in times of rather high unemployment, employers commonly mention skills shortages as one of the business difficulties they face. In addition, they mean that public policy must come to their help in some way reducing such shortages. The vocational education and training (VET) system have an important part to play in assisting with the smooth matching of the
Having been created with access to healthcare for every American citizen in mind, Medicare was initially believed to be the main tool in addressing the weaknesses of the American healthcare system. Although after the integration of the Medicare framework into the target environment, a range of issues remained unresolved, the basis for an improvement has been created, the Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC) Program being one of them (Lind et al., 2019). Implying that healthcare providers should be paid respective fees as a part of the fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare plans, the RAC program represented a window of opportunity for addressing the current financial accessibility of the services. However, despite the benefits that the RAC framework was expected to produce, several major problems have been spotted when implementing it. As a result, multiple citizens have filed a range of complaints concerning the quality of the program and its implementation. As a rule, these types of complaints have been prevalent over the past several years of implementing the RAC framework. Namely, access to care for mental health disorders has been one of the foundational problems of the RAC system. In addition, the unreasonably short length of hospital stay, which does not allow for a full recovery and, therefore, may induce the further development of health concerns, can be named as another common issue with the implementation of the RAC tool (Davis et al., 2020). The described issue is particularly concerning since the release of a patient with poorly addressed mental health issues from a healthcare facility too early will imply a threat both to the patient’s well-being and that one of the community. Namely, the patient in question may harm themselves or community members due to unaddressed mental health concerns (Lind et al., 2019). Therefore, the specified part of RAC must be amended immediately so that the program could be used to implement the treatment fully. Moreover, tools for observing patients’ behaviors and overall demeanor after the release from the hospital must also be introduced to prevent future relapse and, thus, increase the safety of the patient and the community altogether (Davis et al., 2020). While the specified measures will not amend the RAC tool completely, they will become the first steps toward enhancing the quality and accessibility of the Medicare system within the mental health nursing context. Finally, wh
Abstract New York is a lively city and one that is constantly on the move. Apparently, the dynamic nature of the city has created a culture where residents are often fascinated by new things. For this reason, the business community has to keep coming up with new ways to package products and services. Products and services include accommodation facilities, clubs, food, transportation, and entertainment. When new attractions come into existence, they only excite residents for a short while. Introduction New York is a famous city and one that is characterized by constant change. According to Carroll (2012), New Yorkers are often fascinated by the dynamic nature of the city. Whenever new attractions such as clubs, restaurants or stores come into existence, they only excite people for a short while. Drawing from a study by Nee (2012), New York is not viewed as a city of ancient monuments and statues. However, New Yorkers still respect the older structures that have been around for ages. This paper presents a discussion about my visit to New York and highlights some attractions and moments that fascinated me. My Stay in New York From my childhood days, I always admired and desired to visit New York someday. The opportunity finally came when I received an invitation from an old friend to visit. From my little knowledge of New York, I knew that I would have an exciting experience. On arrival, the first thing I became aware of was how busy the city was. It appeared to me like there was no room for idlers in New York. Surprisingly, New York seemed even busier at night. As noted by Nee (2012), New York is a city that roars to life every day and stays alive past midnight. A notable characteristic of New York is the existence of many fast food restaurants. According to Parker (2014), one only needs a pizza to survive in New York. This explains the reason for many restaurants in the city. Various means of transport can be found in New York including taxis, trains, and buses. For shorter distances, taxi is the most preferred means of transport. However, it is important to note that taxi drivers do not talk much (Parker, 2014). Personally, I enjoyed using buses to move from one part of the city to another. Unlike other cities where places for walking while crossing a road are clearly designated, no such thing exists in New York. Visits to Famous Places My friend had organized for me to visit a few places in New York. The first place to visit was the 9/11 memorial. The memorial serves to remind Americans about the incident that caused the dea