ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The management of chronic diseases, such as heart failure and cancer, requires the understanding of factors that contribute to a poor prognosis. Since heart failure has debilitating effects on both patients and their families, Ivany and While (2013) suggest the application of palliative care as an effective intervention of alleviating suffering and improving quality of life. Allen (2018) advocates for the empowerment of oncology nurses to educate populations at risk regarding preventive strategies and provide personalized medicine to patients with cancer. Moreover, oncology nurses ought to deal with the fear of cancer recurrence among survivors of cancer, particularly ovarian (Kyriacou, Black, Drummond, Power, & Maheu, 2017). Hence, this assignment summarizes the contents of the above articles regarding the management interventions of chronic diseases and offers a critical reflection on the role of genetic testing in one of the articles. Article One The first article examines the role of genetic testing of molecular markers that determine the occurrence and progression of cancer in individuals. According to Allen (2018), the prevalence of mutations in tumor protein 53 (TP53), which is a tumor suppressor gene, contributes to the occurrence of most types of cancers, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer. Racial and ethnic disparities of mutations in TP53 reflect the survivorship of cancer patients. The genome-wide analysis demonstrated that the use of genetic testing reveals the underlying trends of cancer occurrence and progression. Allen (2018) asserts that early screening of individuals for appropriate markers would provide the basis of personalized medicine, as well as offering education to population at-risk concerning available screening tests and preventive strategies. With appropriate diagnostic results, oncology nurses would in a position to provide personalized medicine, advise populations at-risk, and devise preventive strategies. Article Two The second article focuses on the use of palliative care in improving health outcomes among patients with heart failure. In the United Kingdom, heart failure has a prevalence of 1% with poor prognosis since patients die within a short period of one year following diagnosis (Ivany & While, 2013). Moreover, heart failure has severe debilitating effects on patients and their families, resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality. Some of the common symptoms of heart failure are orthopnea, dyspnea, and cachexia. The use of palliative care in the management of chronic conditions has proved to be effective in the improvement of quality of life among patients. Ivany and Whie (2013) highlight that patients with heart failure require health education, psychosocial support, symptom management, and caregivers. However, complicated prognosis and chronic cardi
Introduction Work is very important as it enables a person to earn a living and for this very reason I have chosen to discuss the topic on the importance of why every person in spite of level of education, training, skills, and background is entitled to do some work in order to earn his or her living. In most instances work is viewed as a activity that is performed by human beings to satisfy their needs and create services to the societies and unions. Work should therefore be acknowledged and rewarded by the employers. The right to work can be described as the right to take part in bringing into existence and servicing activities of the human community in a society. Every person has the right to work under reasonable and acceptable conditions, and should have an equivalent pay for the same equal work done. All qualified employees are entitled to deliver their services in companies without necessarily paying that company any dues (Whitmyer, 1994, p.2). Main body It is right to take part in the benefits accumulated through these combined activities to the point that guarantees satisfactory standard of living. The right to work therefore should be in a way that everybody is included in the economic sphere. The type of work that many people engage in is dictated by the level of education, the skills acquired in the field of the job available, and the accessibility of the resources therefore work should be accessed to anybody who is willing to take it. Every human being is entitled to enjoy the work they do for a living in spite of his level of education, color, religion, culture or state. Work is therefore a duty that we have to accomplish in order to survive and for this reason it wrong to deny any person what he or she is willing to do in life to make his living. Thus, a conclusion can be made that work relates to the personal participation in the community or family responsibilities to protect their survival and well-being. The failure to participate in the welfare of the society is taken as a severe deprivation by the people who are not employed, which can result to social segregation and dissolution of personality. The right to work dictates that all people have the human right to offer some kind of services and they should not be stopped from doing so. Every person should work depending on the gifts and abilities they possess in various types of works provided. Every worker has the right to decide whether to work with certain companies or not to work with that union, company or an institute if he or she is not willing to do so (Johnston, 2001, p. 198). This essential right should protect forced membership or dues in any institution and in place provides choice. The right to work should not be only about taking part in any type of economic activity, it should involve the opportunity for everyone to choose and freely accept the work given to him or her in order to earn a living. The right to work dictates that work should not only be distributed to the workers but also the preference of how a person is willing to earn his or her living should also be considered. The basi
Introduction In the current essay, two plays of different genres that have been seen are presented and discussed in detail. The main aim is to provide a reasoned personal opinion on the most favorable play and the least desirable play among the five plays that have been seen in class. The following two pieces are the present paper’s subject: The Glass Menagerie and The Taming of the Shrew. Concerning the outline of the paper, it consists of two major parts: the first one is devoted to “The Glass Menagerie,” and the second one to “The Taming of the Shrew.” Firstly, a summary of the plot of each play is presented. Secondly, the reasoned personal view is stated along with the analysis. The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie is a memory drama written in 1944 by Tennessee Williams. The play is the memory of past events in the life of Tom Wingfield, specifically why he left home. All scenes occur in his head, and he warns the audience of its possible bias. The events Tom tells about take place in St. Louis in the 1930s. He works in a shoe warehouse to help his mother, Amanda, and his sister, Laura. Their father left the family a long time ago and did not support them. Tom feels trapped, as he is obliged to support his family and cannot leave home. Amanda is concerned with finding a man for her daughter. Laura is fragile physically and emotionally, which makes it challenging to communicate with men. Amanda asks Tom to introduce Laura to a man, and he invites his colleague Jim to their family dinner. Laura and Jim get to know each other, but then it turns out that Jim is engaged with another woman. Amanda unleashes her anger on Tom (even though he was not aware of Jim’s engagement). The story ends with Tom telling that he left his home forever shortly after the evening. In my personal opinion, “The Glass Menagerie” is the best and the most profound play among the other four that I have seen. It involves various vital themes that are relevant in today’s world. First of all, the play makes us think about memory and its subjectivity. Tom is trapped by his mind that interprets the past events overemotionally, sentimentally, and appears far from reality. Moreover, it seems that the protagonist cannot live in the present and let his past go. He returns to his memory, repeatedly trying to find something that does not allow him to find his peace. Thus, the playwriter aims to demonstrate the two vital points: the subjectivity of the memory (other characters might have seen the events in a different light) and the importance of living in the present moment, leaving the past behind. Secondly, the play shows an essential topic of escape: from reality and into reality. The main characters all wish to escape in specific ways. Amanda does not live her present life but instead exists in her past by projecting her dreams on her daughter, Laura. Tom wants to escape physically from his family house. He always gets away from something: he goes every night to movies to avoid his problem
Introduction Differential treatment accorded to individuals due to their gender is called gender inequality. Gender inequality is characterized by men’s dominance over women. Men look at women as inferior and less valuable beings because of their sexual disposition. Gender inequality encompasses various dimensions, diverse and it is widespread all over the world. However, Asia is the most affected continent. Gender inequality can be classified into different classes. To begin with, there is economic gender inequality which is demonstrated by women contributing less than men in the formal work sector; thereby, women are more likely to live in poverty. Secondly, there is political gender inequality, which entails low representation of women in elected offices, political and corporate appointments. Thirdly, there is social gender inequality, which is demonstrated by women being the victims of domestic violence and sexual assault, inequalities in education attainment, lack of freedom to marry and divorce, and unequal access to health care. Lastly, demographic gender inequality is evident in cases where women are never given the chance to be born or live because of feticide and infanticide; hence, men outnumber women by large numbers (Lorber 2010:4). This research paper focuses on gender inequality in Afghanistan, where women have faced all forms of inequalities for a long time as a result of the country’s beliefs and norms. Discussion. Historical overview Gender inequality in Afghanistan stems from cultural beliefs, and it was worsened by the Taliban regime. Afghanistan women are oppressed, discriminated and marginalized beings whose rights have been violated for a long time. The biggest challenge in Afghanistan’s gender inequality is that it is two-sided; the society’s social and cultural beliefs make men believe oppression against women is justified. But, women have willingly given in to the oppression because of its deep entrenchment within their culture. Most of Afghanistan’s citizens follow their informal customary laws to
Abstract The bodywise health spa has developed a floor plan in which it wants to use for setting up a spa. In a bid to assess the problematic areas, this report delves into assessing the floor plan by first evaluating the proximity of departments with regard to their relationship, and then analysing the plan with regard to accommodating clients with diverse health disparities. Thus, I was able to identify the problematic areas, namely, limited space within the corridors and lack of proximity between related departments. However, I managed to come up with recommendations for improvement. The first recommendation involved making sure that the health spa floor plan is in accord with the legal requirements of spas. The second recommendation involved identifying ways in which the floor plan integrates all departments to a point where the dynamic process of work is recognized. The third recommendation involved coming up with a reliable communication system with the community to ensure that the needs of clients with diverse health disparities are met. This information sheds light on how to come up with an effective and efficient floor plan for the bodywise health spa. Introduction The word “spa” is a term used to describe health and wellness, as it takes into account factors that contribute to health on a wide point of view. Spa has a relationship with health and wellness in the sense that it encompasses healing of not only the physical health but also the psychological health (Johnson 2008: 31). With the high increase of spas globally, one key question remains: what strategic operations do spas employ for client satisfaction and profit maximization? However, a number of aspects contribute to the success of spas. These include committed staff, sufficient and efficient therapy equipments, and good managerial practice, among others. People tend to overlook the floor plan, but
Women’s health issues are related to topics of family planning, menstruation, contraception, and similar concerns. According to feminist theory, women’s health is challenged by societal and political pressure that often restricts or dictates women’s choices in accessing healthcare (Schuiling & Likis, 2017). As a result, women face problems that are tied to both their societal position and their physiology. In the case of contraception, otherwise called birth control, women (mostly cis-women) encounter obstacles in sex education, health care provision, and policy creation. Women’s Health Issue: Contraception Birth control is a variety of methods that assist individuals in preventing unwanted pregnancies. The most widely recognized type of contraception is condoms, which also function as protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (Aiken & Scott, 2016). However, in the case of birth control, some major options are pills, injections, and intrauterine devices (IUDs) (Williams et al., 2018). Pills, patches, shots, and other hormone-based interventions have a high level of effectiveness only if they are taken or changed on a strict schedule (Schuiling & Likis, 2017). IUDs and birth control implants are easier to maintain as they last for several years. However, their cost of installation is high, and they may be uncomfortable for some persons. Influencing Factors As can be seen, the responsibility for contraception using long-term devices and medication lies on women, while male types of birth control are not as invasive or demanding. This issue places increased pressure on women to purchase drugs or pay for devices if they want to decrease their chance of pregnancy. Moreover, the state of sex education in the United States continues to limit young people’s knowledge on the subject of contraception, omitting such vital information as to where to access and how to use birth control (Hall, Sales, Komro, & Santelli, 2016). If a school or a facility teaches abstinence, women’s desire to use contraception is viewed as promiscuous and irresponsible (Hall et al., 2016). At present, the issue of contraception is becoming increasingly controversial, along with that of abortion. Aiken and Scott (2016) find that current policies create a hostile outlook of reproductive health, which affects women, especially minority women with low income. As a result, the topic of contraception is not approached from the view of care accessibility. Personal Perceptions of Providers Apart from political and social factors, individual providers can also have biases related to birth control. Higgins, Kramer, and Ryder (2016) discover that long-active reversible contraception (LARC) methods such as IUDs and implants are disproportionally recommended to women of color, as opposed to white women, in the United States. Moreover, the scholars find that some providers treat women seeking birth control options with disrespect, using a patronizing tone or dismissing their concerns related to the use of medications or devices
Impermanence was looming large over Virginia during 1620s to 1642 due to ups and downs in tobacco prices and exploitation through rents and taxes. By 1940 the planters “divided their settlements in to countries, each presided over by a commander, with whom a group of commissioners who exercised extensive jurisdiction, civil and criminal.” (Schwartz, 1997) The effort made by the council to stabilize tobacco prices failed and the days of getting-rich quick by growing tobacco were over by 1942. However the population of colonizers increased from about 1,300 in 1625 to 25,000 by 1660. The new settlers concentrated in corn cultivation, and protecting their cattle, which provided bread as well as meat and milk to sustain Virginia’s growth. The pasture farming introduced by earlier immigrants had begun to pay off by 1642; Virginia has to pass fencing law to protect livestock, which created planters and cattlemen. Cattle was considered as the symbol of affluence and presented the possibility of high returns on a small investment, the surplus cattle offered export opportunities, which maintained cattle prices stable during 1640’s and 1650s. Confrontation with the Governors sent from England and the elite settlers, who knew the country well, increased as “no main project should be undertaken without prior approval of the governor’s council”. In 1632 they (the settlers) in their assembly meeting affirmed their own exclusive authority to tax the colony to establish their might over the King’s representative. The members of Virginia’s assembly enjoyed a wider popular constituency than any member of the House of Commons in England could boast.” (Schwartz, 1997). However, the governors like Francis Wyatt and Sir William Berkley received high acceptance from the settlers. Berkley kept Virginia’s trade free for Dutch as well, and was instrumental in giving autonomy to Virginians. The allegation
Introduction The name originates from the rule acting in defense of London citizens’ rights to use taxi services regardless of the distance they needed to travel. Without the rule, cab drivers used to avoid the customers who requested a long route. The rule was set to protect the people of the city from such speculations. In the legal profession, the same rule ensures that legal services are provided to every individual in need of them regardless of their identity, case specifics, payment details, beliefs, regulation, and so forth. In this paper, the cab rank rule will be examined and analyzed from the standpoint of the issues it presents, what is known about them in academic circles, and what possible solutions could be proposed. Issues with Cab Rank Rule The main issue with the cab rank rule is connected with adherence of lawyers to it. Currently, the mechanics of the provision of legal services are regulated by the free market in many countries such as the U.S., UK, and the rest of Europe. Clients have the right to choose by whom they would like to be represented. Lawyers may also consider defending the clients they choose to be more or less profitable from the financial or image-making standpoint. Legal agencies range by the price and quality of their services, making some of them unaffordable for the general public. In practice, it becomes a challenge to establish access to legal services for every citizen. In many countries, every suspect has the right for a lawyer provided to them by the government in case of need, yet well-established law firms will unlikely represent a person if that case is deemed undesirable for their image. The issue of enforcement also stems from the problem of adherence as it is rather difficult to punish a lawyer who overlooks the cab rank rule. It presents plenty of opportunities to avoid unwanted clients due to the exemptions guaranteed by paragraph 602 of the UK Barristers Code of Conduct (Bar Standards Board 2015). These exemptions relieve them of taking a case provided the remuneration for it does not correlate with the difficulty. In addition, barristers are exempt from representing clients on the same case which qualifies as a conflict of interest. Thus, the question of the cab rank rule’s practical use arises due to a variety of legal ways to avoid following it. In light of the fact that the rule aims to support the right of every person to be eligible for representation, Fountain Court Chambers (McLaren, Ulyatt & Knowles 2013) adds that the choice of a lawyer should also be respected within the cab rank rule. Such a choice, however, is rather difficult to support in the real world because barristers’ fees may not always be affordable. The problem with the lawyer appointed by the state to those cannot afford the legal representative of their choice is the biasness of such representation. In cases when the state becomes the opponen
Introduction Advertising has been known to lead to an increase in the sale of products due to informational and persuasive roles of advertisements. For this reason, many marketers have engaged in advertisement tactics aimed at increasing sales. To market products designed for children, marketers have engaged in widespread child-targeted advertising. Research indicates that advertising target at children is effective in creating positive attitudes and behavior towards the advertised products. However, there have been concerns that increased advertising to children may have negative impacts on children since they are highly impressionable. This has led some people to question the morality of advertising to children. This paper will argue that in spite of the negative impacts that are inherent in advertising to children, it is possible for marketers to engage in ethical advertising to children. This ethical advertising will be beneficial to both the advertisers and the children and mitigate any negative impacts of advertising to children. Advertising to Children: is it ethical? The children market is huge and it has therefore become very important to marketers. The AEF approximates that children represent $500 billion in direct spending and $500 billion in indirect spending. Millions of dollars are therefore being spent by marketers on advertising to reach this huge market segment. Advertising to children is an important issue for children are still developing and they can easily be influenced by advertisements. Clay (2000) observes that advertisements have a major impact on child development and the huge volume of advertisements should be cause for alarm. Impact of Advertising Values Advertising promotes materialistic values among the very susceptible young ones. This strong value for wealth encouraged by advertisements is associated with lower levels of personal satisfaction and high levels of distress in the