ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the XXI century, the Earth became a kind of big innovation lab, with multiple advances in technology and science. The Internet makes educational innovations spread throughout the world, and the globalization of economics allows big companies to introduce their products to billions of people with various cultural backgrounds. Due to globalization and rapid change in technology and demand, such companies as LEGO needed transformational innovation. However, technological advancement and the diversification of products were not enough for the breakthrough. One of the most significant forces affecting LEGO was innovation – the phenomenon that is the most critical for progress nowadays. Introducing new categories into a line of products does not always foster sales. For instance, in the mid-1990-s, LEGO’s sales dropped, yet new types of goods such as books and TVs appeared in the product choice set. As more cheap analogs for the LEGO toys appeared on the shelves of retail stores, the company’s sales experienced a decrease. Retailer stores took over specialized shops, creating a niche for multiple toy manufacturers. The production process remained too expensive for the company, whereas many other industry players made their toys in low-cost countries. Moreover, LEGO design was assumed too complicated and tedious for children who preferred to play computer games and explore virtual worlds. The LEGO group needed to brainstorm to reconsider its policy and renew the assortment of goods. Being up-to-date and monitoring tendencies in popular culture can lead to unprecedented growth. At the beginning of the XXI century, the company experienced rapid growth caused not least due to the new line of products based on popular movies and books such as Star Wars and Harry Potter . By changing the paradigm, the company was involved in making computer games and movies, building LEGOLAND amusement parks, and manufacturing clothes. These transformations, in their turn, created a need for gifted young specialists who could bring a fresh perspective into the design. Another growth driver was an element of story-telling that made the process of playing more captivating. Nevertheless, using popular culture tendencies was not enough for covering all the expenses. The use of cutting-edge technology, better IT-platforms for sales, and the rationalization of the budget were just the first steps of the plan. The company lacked an innovative vision, which would create new play experiences adequate to the context of the contemporary amusement world. Having reconsidered the priorities of the company that make it unique, LEGO marketing director Birthe Jenson and her team proposed to make the LEGO toys more
Since a very long time ago, the United States has been a land of opportunity and many immigrants came from different parts of the world. The population of the USA today consists of mostly European people who immigrated for personal and political reasons. The dominant ancestors of the modern-day United States, among others, are Germans, Irish and Jewish people. One of the earliest immigrants to the US were Germans. They came in great numbers, starting at the end of the 1600s, up until middle 1700s. There were several major reasons for immigration, one of them were the hardships that people were subjected to in their native country. Land ownership and the ability to farm with the following permission to prosper were very much limited. The economy was on a fall and people were faced with harsh living conditions. The journey itself was very strenuous, as people had little food, resources and often, had difficulty surviving due to diseases, particularly typhus. As medicine was not as well developed as it is today, a lot of people died before reaching the United States of America. Upon arrival, many German immigrants settled in the area of the present-day New York and had a chance to begin anew. They could buy land and develop their farming, as the soil was of good quality. Large numbers of Germans also settled in the Southern parts of the States and became involved in farming livestock, agriculture and many types of businesses. Later, the German population took an active part in the human rights movement, as well as the Civil War. They were very much focused on anti-slavery laws and fought for equal treatment, religious practices, and justice. Presently, German people live all over the United States, and a lot of modern Americans have German ancestry (Trumbauer 43). Another group of people that were searching for a different land were Irish. Their immigration began in the 17th century, but the major wave came after the 1840s when Ireland was experiencing the Great Famine. This was a time when a great number of people were starving and by some estimates, close to one million people lost their lives. Most of the potato crops were lost to disease but political, social and religious reasons were among others that had a harsh toll on the people. Upon arrival to the United States, Irish settled in major cities, such as New York, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, and San Francisco. The reason was that they were in very poor physical and financial state, thus they had little opportunity to move around in the search of any specific region. The fact that they settled in the cities,
The censorship of works of art or media images is a timeless issue for two different groups of people: supporters who are affected by the restrictions, and those who are appealing to the freedom of expression. Looking at the problem through the arguments of Plato, Aristotle, and David Hume provides enlightenment for a revision of the notions of beauty, art, and censorship. Plato speaks about the previously mentioned concepts in relation to God. The figure of the creator is an embodiment of good, or virtue, and the only reality, which represented in the Forms. Everything that has been made by its power is truth. On the other hand, the art designed by a human being is only a reflection of the creator and its work in the human world. Therefore, man-made art is not a reality but an illusion. The concepts of deception and evil are contrary to that of virtue and, according to Plato, everything that distorts and corrupts reality should be restricted. The works of art that do not manifest grace but disfigure the significance of the matter and, thus, harm human beings should be censured. It is helpful to follow Plato’s argument to justify the limitations on media images and artwork. The philosopher defines God and the creator’s responsibilities in the text of the Republic : The creator is real and the opposite of evil. A lot of people ascribe the formation of all things to God, however, it does just a few, and the making of all kinds of misery should not be attributed to the creator (Ross 12). According to Plato, a work of art is not a deed of God, but of a man. The efforts of a human being cannot be comparable with the creator’s design considering excellence; the art only strives for perfection, and as far as the creation is virtuous, it represents God’s intention. Deliberate or not, the lack of integrity in art forms may lead to corruption, which is a sign of evil (Ross 8). As an illustration, the numerous images that objectify women as a sexual commodity and circulate in the media distort the perception of the female body and the role of women in society. Another representation of cruelty is shown in Irreversible (2002), Gaspar Noe’s film, filled by the graphic scenes of violence and sexual abuse. The natural response to such depictions is “disgust as a unique defense reaction manifested as nausea, turning away from the image or even physically distancing oneself from it” (Kuplen 8). Should these pieces of human creation be restricted from availability to the general public? Applyi
Industrialization, urbanization, and migration as effects of the Industrial Revolution significantly changed demographics, social classes, family structures, and lives of people. Describing industrialization and its impact on workers, Morris pictures a “world full of dependence, violence, humiliation, degradation, and derision” (32). Poor working conditions in factories at the beginning of industrialization were characterized by beatings, harsh discipline, intense labor, and danger. Children “were forbidden to go to the lavatory or “necessary” except at several restricted times of the day” (Morris 32). Due to “enormous taxation and restricted commerce the burdens of trade diminished the profits of capital, and the wages of labor” resulting in strikes, riots, and protests (Morris 32). By Bentley and Ziegler, Luddites “blamed textile machines for low wage and unemployment” and destroyed them (656). On one hand, the factories became a symbol of severe working discipline, violence, and dismissals. On the other hand, the factories led to the creation of trade union organizations and the Chartists movement that intended to protect workers. Furthermore, industrialization resulted in urbanization, and the growth of the population considerably contributed to migration. Medicine evolved, child and adult mortality significantly reduced, which required an introduction of the birth control system. Nonetheless, the population in Europe grew in the eighteenth century “from 105 million to 180 million… during the 19th it doubled to 390 million,” which lead to massive migration to North and South America (Bentley and Ziegler 661). Moreover, when new cities emerged, the middle and upper class enjoyed new standards of living, “dramatic reduction in the cost of clothing” as they could afford “more furniture, cabinets, porcelains, decorative objects” (Bentley and Ziegler 660). Hence, the structure of society changed, and new social classes emerged. Industry pioneers and businessmen “became fabulously wealthy and powerful to overshadow the military aristocracy and other traditionally privileged classes,” and this new upper class could enjoy reading books and studying at home (Bentley and Ziegler 665). At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, women and children were considered to fit the factories and work more effectively, but by the end of the eighteenth century “one of three European women became a domestic servant” (Bentley and Ziegler 667). Therefore, the new middle class consisted of working men (small business owners and professionals) and housewives that hired women to work at their homes. The beginning of the Industrial Revolution is shown both in the article and the book focusing on terrible working conditions in the factories. However, the article also describes the shift in the social structure and origins of “the
Introduction Killing someone without going against the constitution has been a controversial legal topic since the reinstatement of death penalty in 1976. In fact, statistics reveal that over 1200 convicts have been legally put to death since 1976 and the number is likely to rise. Elder and Terkel (2010) illustrate that “if the death penalty is not abolished, the population of death row inmates in the US will exceed 4,000 by the end of the decade” (p. 191). There is no doubt that this is a staggering number. Legal Issues Raised An examination of the methods used in death penalty reveals that many states use a lethal injection system for execution of convicted criminals. This is because of the unconfirmed belief that this mechanism of death, which does not offend the constitution, is least cruel and non-violent. The main challenge comes up when “an inmate facing lethal injection contends that the method is unconstitutional because the procedure causes unusual pain and suffering” (Elder and Terkel 2010). According to Nisbet (2010), “the Eight Amendment of the Constitution ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights states that excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” This implies that this mechanism of killing goes against the Bill of Rights. Furthermore, whereas there is widespread that the lethal injection gives one a chance to die a quiet life, this is not always confirmed and might not be true. The recent case in which the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) confiscated some lethal injection drugs from the state of California is an indicator to the fact that these drugs do not work as quietly as widely believed. In fact, the application of the 3-drug method leaves out a number of legal issues concerning lethal injection. The fact that a person does not cry or move during the entire process does not mean that there is no feeling of pain and suffering. The Tenth Amendment on the other hand asserts that no cruel and unusual punishment should be inflicted on anybody. Nisbet (2010, p. 6) illustrates that “some executions have lasted between 20 minutes to over an hour and prisoners have been seen gasping for air, grimacing and convulsing during executions.” This confirms the fact that lethal injection is a cruel mechanism of death. Resolution of these Issues The only way to resolve the problem of legal issues arising from lethal injection is to uphold the Eight Amendment of the constitution by denouncing all forms of capital punishment. This is because we live in a civilized society in which justice should not be viewed as a form of revenge. There is need to uphold human values and denounce a
The devastation and challenges of World War II were tremendous. The U.S. faced severe and significant objectives that would define the future state of America and European countries. It was essential for the U.S. to oppose Communist expansion in Europe and Asia, so there were specific policies that addressed this aim, and evaluating their efficiency and success may provide valuable insights. First, it is essential to discuss the policy of containment that was adopted by America and its allies. The purpose of this strategy was to prevent the spread of communism and respond to the Soviet Union’s moves to expand its influence in a number of countries by providing struggling nations with more funding (Corbett et al., 2014). It is possible to say that this policy was effective because the U.S. managed to protect several countries from being coerced into communism. The second successful policy is the Marshall Plan aimed at several positive changes. The main idea behind this policy was to provide financial support to the struggling European nations, giving them $13 billion in economic aid (Corbett et al., 2014). The countries that received financial help were united and managed to undercut the political popularity of communism. The third relatively successful reform was the Vietnam conflict (“Domino theory,” 2018). In this war, South Vietnam and the U.S. acted against North Vietnam’s communist government (Corbett et al., 2014). Though the U.S. did not manage to protect South Vietnam from communist forces, its spread to the rest of Southeast Asia was blocked, and it is possible to consider this reform effective. Finally, one would state that the United States should not have feared international communist subversion during the Cold War era. The reason is that America’s strength allowed it to resist communist forces, and the fear could have undermined the nation’s confidence.
Nurses and other medical professionals should be aware of various practice problems that affect the quality of health services available to different patients. This paper discusses patient safety as a major concern that requires proper models, CPGs, and intentions if more people are to achieve their medical goals. The discussion examines the issue from national and local perspectives. Nationwide Level The issue of patient safety compels nurse practitioners (NPs) and medical professionals to implement powerful strategies to reduce medication errors, falls, and pressure ulcers. From a global or nationwide perspective, this practice concerns impact nursing care, nurses, quality of care, and health care organizations. NPs are forced to pursue the problem and present appropriate philosophies to meet patients’ health demands. Clinical leaders can consider superior nursing care models to reduce such problems. Medical organizations have to acquire new technologies and hire competent professionals (Hassmiller & Reinhard, 2015). However, there are specific gaps whereby some patients record negative health outcomes due to falls, ulcers, or medication errors. Several key stakeholders are related to this practice problem. The first group is that of healthcare professionals who should execute effective models or procedures to minimize sentinel events. The second one includes patients and citizens who expect high-quality care from their NPs. The third category is that of healthcare facilities, government agencies, and community organizations (Coye, 2016). These institutions are expected to introduce adequate measures to minimize medication errors, falls, and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) offer evidence-based insights for addressing specific problems many patients face. Unfortunately, there is no generalized CPGs because the selected practice problem is subdivided into several areas. A powerful intervention plan can address this concern at the national level. The strategy should present concepts for empowering caregivers to monitor their patients continuously, introduce electronic health records (EHRs), and label drugs (Coye, 2016). Hospitals should also transform their care delivery models and focus on the best initiatives to improve patient safety. Local Level The issue of patient safety impacts nurses at the local level. This is the case since such professionals have to consider appr
Introduction The Arctic is a unique region with an interesting story and an exciting future. It is also covered by mystery, imaged, and experienced by the global society in a variety of ways. In the current political, economic, and ecological environment, the Arctic has remained a subject of fascination for many as an unspoiled and mysterious land that is detached from real-life problems. However, the region is far from being separated from such issues. In this essay, the Arctic will be explored from the socio-ecological perspective drawing from the work Arctic Dreams and Nightmares by Alootook Ipellie. It will be argued that despite the perceived detachment of the Arctic from the international affairs that occupy the modern society, it has undergone tremendous challenges not only with regards to environmental disasters but also concerning the global public’s perception of the Arctic since the values, traditions, and cultures of the region have been significantly undermined. Ipellie’s work will serve as a supportive and illustrating vehicle for exploring the cultural identity of the region as well as explaining how the native residents, Inuit, and the nature of the Arctic were influenced by globalization. Ipellie’s Contribution The nature of Ipellie’s writing about the Arctic is deeply rooted in his pride in the culture and the resistance against the forces that make the region struggle. Through the use of magic realism in writing as well as through the use of graphic ink drawings, the author has positioned himself as the most unique and rebellious representative of the Inuit art and literature (McMahon-Coleman 108). The exploration of his writing points to the idea that the author acknowledged the fact that the Western society perceived the Arctic culture as foreign and irrelevant; Ipellie’s contribution is valuable for the concern with presenting his culture to the international society as a living and continuously evolving entity rather an archaic society, the story of which belongs at anthropological museums. Arctic Dreams and Nightmares is a brilliant combination of twenty short stories that uniquely combined both visual and written imagery to illustrate the history of the Arctic in the mythological world of the Inuit people. Arctic: The Environmentalist Perspective The Arctic has not avoided the impact of human activity and is now suffering its devastating effects. Also, there is a particular North American arrogance with regards to such detached regions as the Arctic taking the brunt of environmental change implications. Throughout the history of globalization and industrialization, the Arctic has been perceived in a variety of ways. However, with the rising demand for scrambling mineral resources, the region is now signifying the potential for colonialism and a subject of dreams of conquest for financial wealth and personal ambition of global political players. Ipeelie brilli
Stop motion animation is a technique that promotes the manipulation of an object when one frame at a time is taken and changed. Shaw admits that when a person creates an animation, he/she should know how to create the whole world (2012, 1). Burton’s The Nightmare Before Christmas is an example of how stop motion works. It is a result of a three-year-old work, when an eerie world of imagination becomes alive by means of an objection animation that involves the movements of toys, dolls, bricks, blocks, etc. More than one hundred artists and technicians were involved in the working process. In comics, much attention is paid to drawings and computer animation; live-action is based on the real-life actors’ usage; and new media focuses on photorealistic fragments (Clark 2005, 146). In its turn, stop motion is when a number of objects introduce a new world. Settings and characters are small and do not require too much space, the attention to the details and the necessity to introduce real objects on-screen require much work and skills. Time frames and frames that have to be kept in mind are impossible to ignore; this is why the creation of a stop motion animation involves a number of people who should take responsibility for separate tasks. Bibliography Clark, David. “The Discrete Charm of the Digital Image: Animation and New Media.” In The Sharpest Point: Animation at the End of Cinema , edited by Chris Gehman and Steve Reinke, 138-151. Toronto, ON: YYZ Books, 2005. Web. Shaw, Susannah. Stop Motion: Craft Skills for Model Animation . Burlington, MA: Taylor & Francis, 2012. Web.