ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction According to a report by Basavanthappa (2007), obesity is currently one of the major health problems associated with serious health conditions such as cardiac problems, osteoarthritis, diabetes, and even cancer. The number of African American adolescents who are suffering from obesity has been on the rise over the past decade. This is a worrying trend not only for the families of the affected children but also for the nation. To the families, there is the risk of losing a loved one through dangerous diseases associated with obesity. Sometimes the risk may come in the form of huge costs of hospital bills as they struggle to get the best medical care for their family members (Alcena, 2013). On the other hand, the government will be forced to spend a lot of money to address the cost of hiring more doctors and purchasing equipment at various hospitals within the country. This means that this is not a battle meant only for the affected individuals and their family members. It is a battle that should involve everyone. The best way of doing this is to empower the affected group so that they can take a lead in this fight. In this study, the researcher will be looking at the benefits of educational presentation as a way of increasing knowledge of nutrition and the benefits of exercise among obese African American teenagers. Literature Review Researchers have been able to relate obesity to a series of health problems claiming many lives in the United States today (Ross, Hudson, Stotz & Lam, 2015). It is worrying that the population of African American teenagers suffering from obesity is on the rise. It is important to find a way of changing this trend. According to Kouvelioti, Vagenas, and Langley (2014), one of the best ways of doing this is to empower the
Sexually transmitted diseases (or STDs/STIs) have always been an issue of taking extra measures and regular checks, unfortunately, mostly on the part of women. Some STDs are easily treated and do not bring about long-term health problems, while others can end up causing intractable diseases. With the HPV virus belonging to the second group, it seems reasonable for the government to lobby for the vaccination to become mandatory for middle school girls to reduce the number of HPV-related precancers. The fact that the US government is forming a pro-vaccination discourse is undeniable. The website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) includes dozens of pages dedicated to monitoring HPV-IMPACT on an annual basis, collecting demographic and clinical data on women with a high-grade cervical lesion ( HPV-IMPACT , 2018). All these measures are conducted to estimate trends in cervical cancer screening and vaccine effectiveness. As HPV is the most common STI, the vast research on its prevention is not surprising. For now, there is only one HPV vaccine that is available in the United States –Gardasil® 9. This vaccine went through clinical trials with 30,000 females and proved to be safe, aside from minor side effects. However, while CDC advocates that there is no evidence suggesting HPV vaccine negatively affects fertility, studies arguing that women who have received the HPV shot were less likely to conceive (DeLong G., 2018). For instance, 60% of women who haven’t received the shot were found to be pregnant at least once, whereas only 35% have ever been pregnant after getting vaccinated (DeLong G., 2018). Still, the issue remains multi-faceted, as there is also a problem of Child sexual abuse and rape, which is partly covered by the administration of the HPV vaccine ( Standing orders for administering human papillomavirus vaccine to children and teens, 2019). Some teenagers are sexually active without parents’ concern, and this, too, contributes to the necessity of HPV vaccination to become mandatory. All in all, vaccination almost always provides some side effects and possible health problems. However, in some situations, the consequences of not having an injection exceed the negative impact of having it. In the case of HPV, there are other facets of the problem, like violence and non-consensual sex. Therefore, vaccination remains the only way to prevent serious health problems for women in the future.
Book Summary “Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team and a Dream” is a non-fiction book that was written by H. G. Bissinger. The book was first published in the year 1990 by Addison-Wesley Publishers Company. The book majorly focuses on a football team known as “Panthers” from Permian High School in Odessa, Texas. The team worked hard to meet the state’s demands of winning the championship. Bissinger’s intention with the book was to present an account of how a high school football team brought unity in a small town. However, he ended up criticizing about life in Odessa town where there was “the ugliest racism,” misplaced priorities and football was the center attention of the town as people ignored academics for the sake of football championships (Bissinger 95). The book begins with the end of the season for Permian’s regular football games against their great arch-rival Midland Lee Rebels. Bissinger then flashes back on the tribulation and trials of the team throughout that season combined with its football saga in the history of West Texas and Odessa. Permian football role in the town is then examined. The largest social group in Odessa is Panther club. Many youths who were still in school hoped that one day they would become part of the players in the team. This is why they admired the team players and had hopes in them. On the other hand, the majority of the number of girls in high school hoped to join Permian cheerleaders; however, the fierce competition shuttered their dreams. However, others decide to become “Pipettes” whose role is to bring gifts to players assigned to them every Friday (Bissinger 150). They are also in control of pep rallies and decorate the outer surface of homes that belong to players assigned to them. The permian team meets with Dallas Carter, a team composed of blacks in the semi-finals in 5A playoffs. Carter has a more corrupt scheme as compared to that of Permian which makes them win against the Panthers after a hard fight in the rain. Carter is announced the winner of Texas championship. However, they are penalized for meddling with the grades hence the championship is handed over to Judson High School. In the end, the names of senior graduates are removed from Coach Gain’s board, and a replacement is done with those of juniors who will take their place in the next league. Permian wins in the next season the following year with Stone Case a new NFL player at the quarterback. They were announced as Texas State Champions in 1989. The theme of the Book The major theme in the book “Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team and a Dream” is racism. This is voiced by whites who lived in Odessa. Bissinger addresses that whites are accepted in the state of Texas because they have the potential to play football. However, when the potential is lost, they are considered as “shiftless niggers” by the white people like in the case of Boobie Miles (Bissinger 162). This shows how intense the issue of racism was in Odessa. Another theme that is clear in the book is sportsmansh
The author of this article looks into demand and delivery services in an auto-part retail store, and how they relate to the amount of revenue gained by the store. Furthermore, the author looks into factors relating to supply and demand and how they can be worked out to increase the revenue of the store without affecting customer loyalty. Therefore, the author brings out major changes that a store can do to overcome the challenges of increasing revenue, and, at the same time, giving its customers better and quality services. The author gives concrete and elaborate findings that if an auto-part retail shop adopted an area-based delivery strategy, the store would be able to improve on its efficiency, and, at the same time, bring a match between the revenue generated from a sale to a specific customer and the trips made to the said customer. The article gives concrete arguments. However, there are some concepts in the arguments that are not refutable. A retail store, as argued, comprises of customers, distribution centres, and a bridge between the two, which in this case, transport. Irrefutable. Therefore, it is important that all of these three aspects of a retail store be considered when analyzing and coming up with conclusive support for the arguments, and the author has effectively considered all the above in the arguments given. The use of a Geographic Information System, commonly referred to as GIS, is very important in determining the viability of a certain customer in relation to locality and sales with respect to the nearest distribution centre. For example, Supercheap Auto, in their website, have established or created an area where you can input your data, and the GIS will locate the nearest store from where you can place your order. This will not only reduce the cost of transportation but also the time required to de
Introduction The term pornography refers to any material read or watched that is intended to cause sexual excitement whereby the reader or the viewer obtains pleasure. The meaning from dictionary of the term Pornography is displaying sexual materials with an intention of arousing the reader or the viewer sexually. Pornography may be presented through books, magazines, photos, drawings, films and video. However, real sex is not pornography and this means that shows on sex as well cannot be termed as pornography (Copp and Wendell 23). Censorship of Pornography A lot of effort has been put forward in order to censor materials and ensure that they are not Pornographic before they are watched or even read in the media. However, this has not been an easy task due to the fact that there are various differences both historical and cultural that exist among different societies. Various religions all over the world have been in the front line opposing pornography, terming it as one of the major factors leading to moral decay in our societies. The need to censor materials to determine if they are pornographic was as a result of mass industrial production of pornographic materials, which ended up being either watched or read by a large number of people exposed to them especially the youths. These materials came in form of discs and the emergence of internet, which influenced the attitude of many young people towards liking pornographic materials. Pornography through the internet spreads very fast due to the fact that most of it is watched or read free of charge as long as one has an access to the internet. According to (Feinberg 53), this implies that anyone can gain access to it despite their age. Towards the end of eighteenth century, pornographic materials played a significant role in shaping the minds of the intellectuals. Such materials used to sell very fast and were therefore used to spread any form of criticism to the public. Towards the end of the same century, there was an emergence of a strong avenue for pornographic materials to spread through series of novels that even portrayed rejection of both political and religious norms held by the societies at that time. Pornography regarding females is particularly regarded as a form of oppression and misuse of power against women by their male counterparts who are seen as the stronger sex. This is so because in most of pornographic materials, it is women’s private parts that are displayed and when they are watched by males, they cause excitement. This is due to the fact that pornography is all about exploi
Introduction Job development has become a significant element in today’s workplace, especially in cases that involve people with disabilities. Although incapacitated individuals may be deprived of the opportunity to participate in a number of activities, the quest for skilled personnel goes beyond the physical abilities to the brainstorming of ideas. In this regard, people with disabilities can bring a variety of talents, skills, values, and abilities to the organization. Apparently, their contribution to the workplace can be supported through a range of uniquely designed approaches to keep them in employment. Indeed, people with disabilities are entrepreneurs, self-employed workers, factory employees, medics, artists, shop attendants, bus drivers, and teachers among other professions. Thus, different types of jobs can be executed by a person with a disability on the condition that the right environment is provided. Which Specific Aspects of Job Development Do You Believe You Would Enjoy, and Why? Various aspects of job development that I would enjoy include offering vocational rehabilitation and employment services including counseling, job training, seeking, and placement with a view of restoring the capacities of people with disabilities. This approach to job development is paramount to improving their competitiveness and inclusion in the labor market. Central to this plan is changing the attitudes of other employees towards people with disabilities in the workplace. Which Aspects Do You Believe Would Be the Most Difficult? A plethora of factors including labor market inadequacies, output differentials, discrimination, predisposition, and discouragements significantly affect the productivity of people with disabilities. To address these depravities and encourage them, employers with the help of national labor laws have to set policies prohibiting discrimination based on the physical abilities of a person. There is a need to impose anti-discrimination laws to allow these disadvantaged groups to gain access to the formal economy and a broader range of social benefits. This strategy will increase employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. Are You Interested in Seeking Employment as a Job Developer? I would be interested in seeking employment as a job developer. The quest for job development is brought about by the need to overcome exclusion and enable people with disabilities to participate in the labor market. However, understanding the work environment in which these persons can execute their skills is important. Although some employers fear that these people may be u
Introduction The problem of cataract blindness is essential to discuss because the occurrence of the condition in aging adults increases at an extremely high rate. According to the findings of the World Health Organization, out of forty million blind people across the globe, 42% (approximately 16 million people) lost their vision due to cataracts (as cited in Andrews, 2017). It has been estimated that with the increase of the geriatric population worldwide, cataract is expected to affect approximately fifty-four million people aged sixty who have lost their vision (Andrews, 2017). This presents additional challenges for people’s health as blindness leads to a higher occurrence. An important issue to mention is that the rate at which cases of cataracts grow supersedes the rate at which it is solved surgically, which presents high expenditures on healthcare systems. In the United States alone, cataract surgeries are estimated to cost the country more than $3.4 billion annually (Andrews, 2017). However, less developed regions such as Africa cannot address the problem through significant governmental spending, and the increase of new cases of cataract-related blindness remains unsolved. There is an increased demand for healthcare systems around the globe to promote the message of resolving the issue as it directly influences the elderly’s quality of life. Decreased vision leads to higher risks of falls, which are among the leading causes of older people’s mortality and injuries. In this paper, the topic of cataracts will be discussed, with extra attention paid to aging as the key contributing factor to the condition. Background A cataract is characterized by a clouding of a usually clear eye lens: “opacity within the clear natural crystalline lens of the eye” that in time results in a significant deterioration of vision (Andrews, 2017, p. 1). Patients who have experienced the condition state that seeing through an eye with a cloudy lens is similar to looking through a fogged-up glass. Thus, clouded vision caused by a cataract usually makes it harder for people to perform everyday tasks such as reading, driving, and even seeing expressions on other people’s faces. It is important to mention that the majority of cataracts develop with time and do not present any challenges for vision at first; however, as time goes on and a person ages, there are serious changes in vision. Symptoms The symptomology of cataracts can progress due to the slow development of the condition. The most common signs and symptoms that may point to catara
Introduction In every democratic state like the United States, citizens have a right to participate in the election process. Americans have the right to participate in the national elections campaigns whereby every individual can independently support a particular political party. In addition, the right to support a particular political party is extended to corporations, and thus private corporations have the freedom to help any aspiring politician in the campaigns. This ideology underscores the so-called the American democracy and it should not be interfered with by denying corporations the same right that individuals enjoy. However, there are limits within which such rights should be allowed and the violation of the same could cause public anarchy. Corporations should participate in election campaigns. The Nature of American Democracy Democracy is the basic need for citizens in every capitalist nation. Interestingly, democracy has its roots in the United States as the founding fathers came up with the ideology dubbed the “American Dream” in which they longed for the day when their descendants will enjoy democratic rights of questioning and correcting the government in the way that suited the citizenry. Americans have been enjoying democratic rights ever since the end of extreme racial segregations when the majority supported the idea of equal rights for all people. However, the election of President Barrack Obama as the first African-American president culminated the ideology of the “American Dream” of the founding fathers as well as the dream of the legendary civil rights activist, Dr. Mar
Probation is a form of punishment given to criminal offenders to help them change and become law-abiding citizens. If not well crafted, probation would not help in transforming the probationer which would, in fact, result in the probationer doing more activities against the law (Seiter, 2011). In the pre-trial investigation, the following history should be made clear; family, education level, past arrests, and housing (Seiter, 2011). In the case study, Gravas Stanley, aged 41 years, earned probation for 2 years for driving while drunk. During the probation period, he had to attend drug treatment and family counseling sessions. Harrison Gary, aged 29 years, earned a sentence of 3 years on parole for being convicted of assault. He was undergoing; drug treatment, thorough supervision, psychiatric analysis, and anger-controlling drugs. Stanfield Kenneth, aged 26 years, earned probation for possessing marijuana. During the period, he got a job, housing and was undergoing alcohol and anonymous treatment. The review of their history informed the best parole or probation conditions to impose. Outcomes of conditions selected Gravas, who was serving 2 years probation following driving on alcohol, has taken the opportunity to change from a bad life. He attends alcohol and anonymous treatment and counseling sessions with his family routinely. He is addressing matters that contributed to alcohol abuse. He already understands that th
According to Mullen & Littleton (2010, p. 261), Philip Henry Gosse was the son of Thomas Gosse and was born in the year 1810 at a place called Worcester. Gosse started staying with her aunt at her early age since her parents had already died. He went to school in Poole where he was able to gain a lot of experiences and skills. Although he left school at an early age, Philip Henry Gosse did not lose his academic interests. Before dropping out of school, he was able to develop an interest of studying natural history (Mullen& Littleton 2010, p. 289). For instance, he demonstrated this by being a strong supporter of the ordinary theology tradition. Moreover, he inherited his ambitions from his father who was a staunch supporter of evangelical Christianity. He also inherited his painting and drawing technique from his father. After dropping out of school, he was able to secure a good paying job as a clerk in Elson and company. In 1827, Henry Gosse moved to Newfoundland where he met a society that had separated itself into two warring groups (Adamczyk-Garbowska & Polonsky 2001, p. 186). One group of the community was considered to be full of merchants while the other group was thought to be practicing fishing as their economic activity. The tension between the two groups was aggravated by the related continuous disagreements amid English Protestants and Catholics from Ireland. Both clans were fighting for supremacy as they wanted to be part if the government. Nonetheless, Gosse was able to take his responsibilities at the working place for a number of years. He also continued with his business of copying letters and ledgers (Adamczyk-Garbowska & Polonsky 2001, p. 194). A part from carrying out the above activities, Gosse was also left with enough time to participate in his local rational life (Singh, Radhey & Singh 2008, p. 221). Besides, this life was entirely book club and a debating society. Even though, he lived a peaceful life in Newfoundland, he was not having any direction. For instance, he could not tell his next move or what he was planning to do next. According to Singh, Radhey & Singh (2008, p. 256), Henry Gosse then diverted all his attention to studying natural history after reading several books writer by George Adams. The following month after getting news from home about her sick sister who was about to die, his relationship with God started increasing. Consequently, he would be praying on a daily basis for his sick siste