ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Analysis Many people have criticized the move by the government to treat agency workers as permanent employees. New rules that came into force recently said that agency workers in Britain needed additional rights, as well as benefits. Majumder (2012) argues that this will lead to additional costs that could amount to two billion pounds. He further adds that the government should not spend that immense amount of money on agency workers, especially at a time when civil servants’ salaries have been frozen. He says that the government spends money unnecessarily when it should concentrate on development projects. Armstrong (2006) says that Britain’s public sector is currently experiencing redundancy when it comes to large scale. Economically, such spending cannot be said to be sustainable especially at a time when the government wants to implement mass redundancy. Shrinking of governmental headcount has also been noted. Spending money on agency workers may not be encouraged given the state of the economy. The government needs to reduce its spending in order to save. Britain has also been talking of reduced jobs as a way to increase on government savings. The critics, however, need to understand that the economy cannot do without agency workers. These workers help in filling the gaps brought about by a shortage of labor in various sectors of the economy. Research shows that agency workers help in improving performance of a company. However, this poses a challenge to permanent employees who receive lower wages than that received by the agency employee. NIESR notes that hiring many agency workers can reduce the wages paid to permanent employees for the same roles. Permanent employees also are affected when their salaries may take time before being increased. Agency employees help the employers to save on costs, which leads to increased profitability. Many employers share this profit with the permanent workers within the company (Booth, Dolado & Frank, 2005). Permanent employees do not get job satisfaction when the company they work for employs sev
Introduction Today the state of Missouri is facing an extreme problem of the police brutality towards the African American population based on racial discrimination. This can be proved by the case of Michael Brown, which reveals the situation when a black male was shot by the officer (Swaine, “Discrimination in Ferguson” para. 1). Michael Brown lived in Ferguson, Missouri, and robbed a shop there. With his friend, he stole cigarillos and escaped but they were soon blocked by the police officer, Darren Wilson. They started to fight for the gun and then Wilson fired twelve bullets, shooting Michael in the front. The situation attracted the attention of the general public because of the fact that the man was unarmed and had his hands up. Still, while the case was investigated, new witnesses were found, and the court came up to the conclusion that the police officer shot Brown trying to defend himself. Correl et al. believe that white police officers tend to occur in such situations as they feel a threat of African American individuals (1103). Swaine’s articles in the daily newspaper reveal this issue in the framework of Missouri. It seems to be outrageous but about 95% of all individuals who were put behind the bars for more than 48 hours are black. African-American drivers are stopped more than twice as often as European Americans even without reasonable suspicion (“Discrimination in Ferguson” para. 20). Black people’s rights are often violated, and they are arrested for petty offenses without any decent justifications (“Ferguson mired in sweeping racial discrimination” para. 16). Such situations influence the state of society adversely. People face physical and psychological problems as they experience or/and witness crimes. They also become distracted and separated from one another. The community turns into a number of groups that unite people with the same views, backgrounds, or occupations. People forget about solidarity and do not care about each other. They live on the same territory unwillingly and forget about the sense of community, which means that there is no mutual help. Police brutality is based on racial discrimination, which harms society. It can be caused by the stereotypes about African Americans. For many years, black people were claimed to be criminals, and the general public got used to such belief. The media promotes prejudiced views and imposes them. Moreover, the police and society create a toxic environment, which increases the gap between populations. Children are taught to keep away from blacks and distrust them. They are even impelled to live separately, pushing African Americans to black districts. Thus, discrimination of white police on black is a critical issue that influences not only the lives of separate individuals but
The concept of place value is premised on wider ideas about the number system. These ideas are quite difficult and complex for students to learn. In particular, many children do not realize the purpose and essence of place value system and, therefore, they need active assistance in developing full comprehension of the number system structure. Hence, it has been found that junior students do not understand that 1 in 14, for example, defines the first ten (Associated of Independent Schools of South Australia, 2004). Many students under 3 and 4 years do not understand the concept of value place either. The problem is that students can write 14 for fourteen objects in the right order, though they fail to understand its place value as a number made up of one ten and four ones. It has also been reported that children can conceive up to four digits by the third year. Children, however, are seen little progress after the third year. At year 6, about 42 % of students are not able to single out ten thousands place (Associated of Independent Schools of South Australia, 2004). Within 2-6 years period, some students are unable to analyze the number system structure (Associated of Independent Schools of South Australia). In particular, children count figures only in ones, even though the figures are presented on a 100 chart. They fail to notice tens and hundreds, which is also the basic problem to be corrected. Such a difficulty can lead to serious confusions and prevent children from understanding the main principles of place values. Aside from difficulties with understanding, there are many other sources of misconception among children. Hence, such issues as boredom and distraction can come to the forth when children are not interested in the subject, or they are not enough motivating to studying mathematics (Bottle, 2005). In addition, lack of practice is also among the main causes of misconception. Some students are not able to apply the theory and rules in practice because application has been presented in an irrelevant context (Bottle, 2005). Finally, lack of understanding can occur as the result of vocabulary misunderstanding. For instance, children may fail to understand the meaning of ‘subtraction’ or ‘multiplying’. These confusions, therefore, can distort students’ understanding of place value due to their false perception of numbers. The corresponding solutions should be presented to correct the existing misconceptions. The best way to address students who miscount object is to introduce person-centered approaches to introduce the basis of place value theory (Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, 2006). Teacher’s task is to define the weaknesses and strengths that each student possesses and analyze which techniques can be used to eliminate the problems. Specific emphasis should be placed on establishing the source of the problem, which is often con
This time, a new type of leadership has been discovered. It is transformational leadership, the process during which people’s interests, demands, and abilities are changed (transformed) on the basis of the emotions, values, and properly set goals (Northouse, 2010). There are many benefits of this kind of leadership because it is usually interesting to people. When people like something and understand that it makes sense to them, they are ready to investigate it thoroughly. Transformational leadership helps leaders to become more attentive to the needs and motives that are crucial for their followers. It also focuses on the highest level of the followers’ potential and the changes that can happen to people when they want to achieve a goal and succeed in the work done. Talking about transformational leadership, people may face such concepts as charisma and transactions that take place between leaders and their followers. A transaction is a process that happens when a leader appreciates and encourages a person (e.g. a teacher gives A for the student’s work). Charisma is the means used by a leader to motivate and support the followers. It happens that people are not always aware that they possess charisma confusing it with their qualities and knowledge. In spite of the fact that some people admit that transformational leadership usually lacks a kind of conceptual clarity and the required link between the transformations and personal changes (Northouse, 2010), transformational leadership with its Five Practices model (modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, challenging the process, enabling other to act, and encouraging the heart) help to achieve good results and discover the best qualities that are crucial for all leaders. Potential leaders are welcome to take the tests and check if they are ready for transformational leadership. The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership model consists of 5 points that should be considered by people. I think that this model is one of whose I would like to apply in the future as soon as I can learn all the peculiarities of good leaders. Still, it is always interesting to complete the inventory now to be able to compare my current results with the results I can achieve after the course. Among the existing variety of behaviors, I find the ideas to model the way and enable other to act as the crucial ones because they can help to create a solid basis for future work. The necessity to model the way focuses on two main behaviors: setting an example for the followers and clarify the values that are necessary for the work (Kouzes & Posner, 2003). To enable other to act means to provide people with the opportunities to share their thoughts and approaches. It is necessary for a good leader not only to identify personal strengths and create good conditions but also to help the followers find and choose the skills important for business. My personal evaluation of the skills shows that much work should be done to engage other behaviors. I need to focus more on th
To solve the problem, one needs to take several steps that will allow planning and taking the necessary actions. First of all, it is important to look at problems from a broader perspective and from different angles, which will help to collect and analyze relevant data ( How to master , 2019). In this situation, it is important to consider that refusing to join the fight can damage relationships with colleagues, which will negatively affect the working environment. Next, one needs to identify the major problem that entails other smaller ones. In this case, the central issue is the existence of a disagreement between the character of the story and his or her colleagues. The third key step is the brainstorming of possible solutions, in which it is important not to miss potential options. In this case, one can not join the initiative of colleagues, which leads to a deterioration in relations or may harm current projects. Another option is to take on some of the colleague’s workload, which can also hurt current productivity. The most promising is the option to honestly articulate the problem to the boss and advocate for the redistribution of work to more employees. This step is the fourth, in which the choice of the best solution takes place. In the fifth step, it is necessary to develop an action plan to solve the problem and implement the solution. In this situation, one must first discuss this initiative with a colleague, as well as with other employees. At this stage, it is important to articulate the concerns and reasons for making such a decision honestly. After that, it is necessary to collectively turn to the boss, having also discussed all the exciting problems and proposing to redistribute the work. The sixth step is to implement the plan and take action that will lead to a solution to the problem. In the seventh stage, it is necessary to observe the progress of the implementation of the plan and make the necessary adjustments. Reference How to master the seven-step problem-solving process. (2019). McKinsey & Company. Web.
Introduction Swing in golf means a set of rotational movements of the body’s links, carried out in a particular sequence and directions, leading to the club’s impact on the ball. In swing, from 14 to 20 elementary anatomical movements of the body parts can be distinguished, among which the movements of abduction-adduction and pronation-supination predominate (Mears et al., 2018, p. 2452). Dividing this action by the direction of movement of the stick and the angular velocity value, it is generally recognized that there are five phases of swing: backswing, acceleration, impact and through-swing, and follow-through. The technique of making a swing in golf is a constant subject of research by many specialists who use various measuring equipment and high-speed video recording for this purpose. Backswing Swing may differ in the subjective sensations of muscle tension and by quantitative kinematic parameters. Let us take a look at some of the critical subroutines performed by golfers during a swing. The “backswing” phase begins with the left shoulder (for RH golfer) and arms movement, which move in unison. In the initial stage of the swing, the triangle formed by the hands is preserved. The movement should be as wide, rhythmic, and smooth as possible. A large swing amplitude increases the distance to which the ball will fly. When the club reaches the top of the swing, the player’s back should be facing the target; her left arm should be straight, and her right elbow should be tucked into the body through the backswing. At the same time, the hips turn only 45 degrees. It is important to remember that the athlete’s feet must remain on the ground, and the head remains stationary. Thus, key cues are body position control without foot lift or charge movement and maintaining a triangle with arms, chest, and hands. Through-swing As soon as the club reaches the top point, it should not stop there for a second; immediately, the swing’s “through-swing” phase begins with the movement of the legs and hips, and after them, the shoulders turn towards the goal. The most challenging thing in this phase is to ensure that the head and spine remain virtually stationary and, with the torso tilted, serve as an axis around which the arms and body rotate. Do not exaggerate the hands’ role when hitting the ball; they are no more critical than the shoulders, hips, and legs. The recommended cues would focus on the timing and swinging through the ball because the correct swing sequence and timing generate the power in a shot. Follow-through When hitting, the player must always focus on correct swing sequences. After contacting the ball, the hands accompany it as far as possible towards the goal. This swing phase is called “follow-through,” which ends with the hands being put behind the head and the gaze accompanying the ball’s flight. The primary cues of a good technique at this phase would be the chest turned towards the target and the hips rotated far enough to pull the back heel off the ground naturally. In this position, try to stay at least for a few seconds. Conclusion Knowing each swing movemen
Man and women always co-existed together. It was long enough to get to know each other, study each other’s likings. Even books are written on the topic, to reveal some points that influence relationships and understanding in some way. A peculiar fact is that the process of cognition is never ending due to constantly changing epochs and elements within them: interests, morality and gender traditions. But one point, despite all the changings, has been perpetual throughout the history – the preference for types of female body, which is the question that every male ask himself at least once. A common fact is, we (people) not only speak of what we like, but we also verse about it, draw it, sculpture it and even manage to express it in dance. And, of course, we sing about it. A song “My Humps” by Black Eyed Peas is the one of interest. If we go through the text, we see an image of a woman, who lives a careless life, feeling comfortable with everything that is happening around her. Next, we see a group of men who provide her with every single item she needs and even more, without asking much in return. And the cause of such probably unhealthy attention is a body type she has: buxom breasts and bum. Closer to the middle of the song the possession becomes more visible. When the woman refuses a gift, men insist, and so she takes it. The line states “I say no, but they keep giving”, where we see the woman’s attitude to presents, which she also expresses by calling it “junk”. All this returns us to the stated reason. The woman uses her body to “get them drunk” with it. What is interesting, the influence is spread not only on her surrounding but on all the men she meets. Fergie exaggerates the shown obsession by sex metaphors in the song (“My Humps by The Blach Eyed Peas” par. 3). The song basically reflects what men want to see when they look at a woman. Of course, preferences are not the same for every male of the world. Yet, movies and magazines tell us about general “demands” to women’s body, which were set by the majority of men. This is precisely the reason for stating that men throughout the world have common preferences as for women’s bodies: slim waist, large breasts and bums. A question occurs: why do men chose these precise female body shapes and why do these forms influence men’s minds that much? To answer that, we need to go back in history to the first people. There were no words, no language to describe affection at that time. Men chose their women, using force to take their females with them. And still back then they were already choosing. Something on the instinct level was already determining their preferences. Due to small sheds of evidence that we find from that period, it is possible to conclude that a caveman’s choice was connected to an ability of lactation, which required a certain size of breasts. So, the fact that we derive from here is the instinctive basis of males’ choice. The influence of the opposite gender’s bodies on minds is a part of the reason for taking women by force to exist after that period. Scholars of the past made attempts to figure out med
Introduction The issue of the poor, minorities and justice has remained as a source of controversy in the American society. With the country having witnessed high levels of segregation and discrimination on the basis of gender and race among other identity parameters, this issue remains debatable in the American justice system. The interplay between minority groups and the justice system has significant impact in shaping the perception of people towards the system and how these people are likely to feel secure and acceptable in the wider society. This paper discusses theses relationships and possible ways of ensuring fair justice for the poor and minority. Law enforcement vs. minority groups The relationship between law enforcement agents like the police and minority groups has always sparked criticism and drawn the attention of many people. The two parties are known to relate in a hostile manner, limiting the efficacy in service delivery to minorities in the society. From history, the American legal order tolerated and sustained discrimination, segregation and sustained slavery for a long period of time in history. By the fact that police officer were to uphold the order, shaped police behavior, attitude towards minorities and overall relationships between the two. The nurtured pattern therefore indicates that minorities are entitled to fewer civil rights, are to be always under police control and that it is not the responsibility of police officers to offer complete protection against crime. As a result, minorities were left powerless and at odds with the police due to their minimum recognition. In addressing the conflict between law enforcers and minorities, police reforms are essential. Coupled with learning, police officers would be trained and taught the need for equality in law enforcement. Additionally, such reforms would allow people minorities to understand their rights to be protected by the police. Additionally, the issues of minorities and the justice system with reference to the pretrial process, trail and adjudication, sentencing and the death penalty are real and detrimental to the entire system. Although the justice system is mandated to apply law during legal and judicial processes, many of the laws have disproportionate impact on minorities. Their rights during rulings and trials are reduced, making them more vulnerable to death penalty and harsh court verdicts. Additionally, race and social class are key players in most criminal justice processes in the United States. There is wide-spread inequality in the criminal justice system which impact several spheres of life. The determining factors for those who are jailed and incarcerated are employment and education. As are a result, an individual found guilty of committing a crime causes the entire family to suffer. There is huge disparity between Whites, Blacks and the increasing population of Hispanics. Therefore race and social class determine the impact of the criminal justice system with favoritism and disparity taking center stage. New Jim Crow A