ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The modern culture of food consumption is very diverse, and there are many recommendations and prohibitions from different social groups. Sometimes food intake becomes part of a large-scale and widespread subculture, distinguished by a particular worldview. One of the most essential regulators of eating meat was religion. Now religion is not able to control most of the society and their food addictions. Sometimes the refusal to eat meat is due to some medical factors, for example, a previous surgery. Meat is heavy food, and it is vital to cook it the right way, using steam, and not fat and oil. Modern society provides a variety of reasons for grass-eaters to stick to their position. The noticeable difference between grass-eaters and meat-eaters is in the diet and sometimes in the way of life. In addition, these people have different medical conditions and often have different medical histories and risks. Grass-eaters do not eat meat, no matter how it is cooked. Sometimes they consume dairy products or eggs, especially if they understand that their bodies will weaken without animal fats. The severity of the herb-eater’s diet can vary based on health, lifestyle, age. Some grass-eaters fit their dietary habits into their lifestyle and eventually give up wearing leather and silk clothing. It is a strict option in which the grass-eater must adhere to a clear ideology (de Boer et al., 2017). In turn, if meat eaters have bans on consuming specific meat (Muslims do not eat pork for religious reasons), then the prohibitions are due to personal reasons and choice. Taste, associations, unpleasant smell of a particular type of meat can affect the refusal to eat. Sometimes, meat-eaters refuse to wear leather clothing for ethical or aesthetic reasons. They are guided by the principle that brand, fashion, and aesthetics in clothing are not sufficient grounds for killing and experimenting with animals. Many people are confronted with the myth that the health of grass-eaters is better than the health of meat-eaters. The herb-eaters’ diet forces them to be attentive to their bodies and often visit doctors. For this reason, they may appear to be the healthiest, but this is not true. Like many conscious people, grass-eaters try to be attentive to themselves. Many herb-eaters additionally purchase nutritional supplements and vitamins, and they need medical advice to make the right choice. Meat-eaters are not attentive to their health; they neglect vitamins and rarely go to the doctor without listening to their body. The average grass-eater usually has less fat and cholesterol than the meat-eater. It allows
Introduction The main reason for feeding is to fuel the body. However, eating habits have been shown to reveal much about individual’s conduct and personality. They reflect individual’s social understanding and the extent to which they can tolerate cultural differences. Some people’s feeding habits are influenced by emotions, i.e. dislikes and likes, they eat for pleasure and to increase their cuisines knowledge, others follow their traditional background (culture) and many other reasons such as food availability. With food standardization, much apprehension on qualities of foods from different cultures cultural diversities. Industrialization of food has delivered variety of foods to a global market and transformed people’s attitude towards different cultures (Finkelstein 191). Scope of study This paper explores our cultural diversity. To be precise, the paper will explain the origin of the diverse range of cultural background in Australia. This background will help in identifying whether culture really influences eating habits or there are other factors that determine our eating conduct. Lastly, the paper will establish the benefits of having a diverse society (Narelle 3&4). Methodology An investigation was conducted on a football team, where I am a member. The cohort was of about 40 individuals. A questionnaire containing the following questions was issued to all participants;  1. What is your favorite meal?  2. Give an example of Australian staple food.  3. What is your cultural background?  4. What is culture diversity? And do you advocate for it? The questionnaires were filled at their own free time, and were to be collected three days after the day of filling. Being a prospective study, personal information was not necessary (Narelle 3&4). Discussion The observation made is that there was a 78% diverse ethnic culture. Out of the total population, 82% favorite meals were fast foods such as Hamburger and fries and only 18% were alternative meals, which varied greatly according to the needs of different ethnic communities. The question about favorite dishes aided in establishing personal attributes. Further research indicates that the tastes for seafood and livestock were preferred by conservatives as opposed to fast food which is preferred by modernists. The results from this investigation confirmed this (Finkelstein 191). All examples of staple food given were of multicultural cuisine. Australia is populated by people from diverse ethnic backgrounds and cultures. Different communities influence their children with differing basic values, desires, wants and perception. These are the basis of an individuals cultural identity, e.g., western cultures influence people to value achievements, success, wealth, hu
In 1850’s, a gang known as the Dead Rabbits was formed in New York City (Klein 1997). It usually used a symbol of a dead rabbit and had red stripes on the clothing of its members. Both male and female were allowed to join the group. Most members in the gang were from disadvantaged neighbourhoods because of the economic background (Klein 1997). To be a member one had to commit robbery witnessed by one of the members. The Dead Rabbits performed organized crimes and stole from unsuspecting civilians. Prosperous people for hired the gang for protection. The Gophers were a New York Gang formed in the early 1900. Various local street gangs came together to form the Gophers gang (Knox 2000). The gang usually stole police uniforms and wore them on the streets. The group consisted of another gang group consisting of female known as the Lady Gophers. They organized fights and stole from civilians. They also performed deadly attacks on other neighbourhoods. In the late 1950’s, the Almighty Vice Lord Nation, was formed in Chicago (Marcovitz & Dressang 2010). It is estimated that the gang consisted of about 30,000 members. It consisted of mostly African American youths. The gang wore hats, gloves and graffiti symbols. The gang was involved in illegal activities like extortion, theft, battery and assault. The American Mafia gang was a ruthless group of young gangsters in New York. They were drug peddlers and they killed without fear (Siegel 2005). Most members in this group consisted Italian immigrants and farmers who had flocked America. One had to undergo various initiation rites and rituals to become a member of the mafia gang. The recruits had to prick their fingers and drink blood from them. They also had to swear to stay and follow the rules of the gang for a lifetime. The gang is strictly against the attack of innocent civilians by members of other criminal gangs. If a gang attacks a neutral person, they take responsibility and avenge on behalf of the innocent person. The Crips were founded in New York in the 21 st Century. They defended the resources they had in their neighborhoods by ensuring that no trespassers were given space to start businesses unless they are members of the group, or they pay the required tax. They sell drugs, hire services, provide security and prostitution services to clients so that they can up their financial status (Weisel, 2002). Most members of the gang were also known to be talented in rap music and broadcasting and they usually competed in the entertainment scenes. It is very hard to convince the youth to move out of these gangs because of the peer pressure. Quitting these youth groups can be done without dire consequences. The gangs have had a lot of impact on the society and the neighborhoods where they are formed. Business activities in these areas are minimal for fear of attacks and thus the economic status and development of the areas depreciates as time goes by. Most members of the gang groups are psychologically demoralized and their self-esteem is very low. This is because these members join the gro
Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease; this is in disregard to the type- whether type-I or type-II. As such, the disease needs long term care and management. Additionally, occurrence also puts such a patient at risk of developing other co-morbidities such as chronic wound, failure of peripheral nerves, retinal damage and poor healing of wounds with possible amputation. While the original is easily manageable with the correct care, the patient has to be well informed about the disease and taking care of himself. However, in the presence of co-morbidities, the situations gets trickier since some of the conditions that arise can only be treated by a medical professional. This offers a unique challenge in the management of diabetes and other chronic diseases; the fragmented healthcare system that is geared towards management of short-term medical emergencies often is not well prepared for the patient that has to move from one level of care to the next; for example for a diabetics patient moving from a general practitioner to a foot specialist. As such, crucial time and information is lost during this transit. Health Promotion This involves giving people more control over their health for the purposes of improving it. For an individual to be said to have achieved optimum health in terms of physical, mental and social, s/he must be able to fit and adapt into his/her environment such that his/her aspirations and desires are fulfilled. As such, health and wellness cannot be placed as the sole responsibility of professional medical practitioners and healthcare provision agencies; since the definition of health that encompasses the environment and lifestyle cannot be controlled or modified sufficiently by these parties. The World Health Organisation lists the requirements for optimum health as the following: peace, shelter, education, social security, social relations, food, income, empowerment of women, a stable eco system, sustainable resource use, social justice, respect for human rights and equity. WHO also acknowledges that poverty is the greatest threat to health. A good model for health promotion is the Ottawa Charter; this has five strategies; creating supportive environments, developing personal skills, reorienting health service, building healthy public policy and strengthening community action. These can be applied for the sake of improving the health of our case study in regards to management of the diabetes mellitus. Building public health policy Health promotion should aim at developing the healthcare agencies to enable them serve their customers better; such would help the providers see how their decisions impact on the health status of the patient [Glasgow et al. 1999]. For example, the case study tells of how the patient Mr. Borg made a transition form his former physician to a muc
Contemporary society is characterized by the rapid development of high technologies. Nowadays, there is hardly a person who does not have a mobile phone, and those people who do not have an account on at least one social networking service look like rare birds. It goes without saying that contemporary technologies have a great impact on society. Such an ordinary thing as a mobile phone, which has been invented as a means of communication, now is a symbol of a new generation. The representatives of this generation cannot imagine their life without social networking, and many of them even feel anxiety without their phones. All these facts give birth to a new culture of communication, which Alex Williams (2013) calls “hookup culture” (para.4). Apart from the influence on society, these highly developed technologies have cardinally changed the relationships of people between each other and the nature of courtship. This is particularly so with representatives of the young generation. Nowadays, romantic relations are replaced with technologies. A process of acquaintance between a young fellow and a young girl in many cases is realized by means of short messages or the internet. Representatives of the contemporary youth practically do not know what a traditional dating means. Shani Silver as cited in Ball (2013) ironically says that “the word date should almost be stricken from the dictionary” (para.3). For young men it is better to send a message with a poor mimicry of invitation than to follow all the steps of the traditional courtship. Moreover the traditional dating implies the seriousness in relationships, while in contemporary society most of young people are able to keep a family only after 30. The general idea of Alex Williams (2013) expressed in her article The End of Courtship is that the traditional dating is over. As for me, it is difficult not to agree with her. I have been witnessed many young people who prefer mobile phones to real life communication. Moreover, the meaning of the first date aiming to know a person better is lost nowadays. There
Introduction Adventure tourism or eco-tourism is a type of tourism which involves exploration and recreation activities. The destination of travel is usually exotic and remote with extremely hostile environment. The tourist has the opportunity to engage with nature through physical activities such as mountaineering, bungee jumping, rafting and rock climbing among others. Adventure tourism is common in Nepal, and the main activities are mountain climbing, trekking and river-running. The tourist can also have an opportunity to meet with the people of that community, therefore, cultural exchange (Buckley, 2006). The activities of adventure tourism have both positive and negative effects on the environment and social life of the habitat. The impact on the environment and community directly affect the development of tourism globally. Therefore, for sustainable development of tourism, it is essential to know the impacts of adventure tourism to the environment and community. This will help in planning and management of tourism, to be able to reach targeted development goals. Advantages of adventure tourism The impact of adventure tourism is mainly caused by the development projects and the tourists who visit the area. Easy to develop The cost of starting up a recreational centre for adventure tourism is relatively low as compared to the other types of tourism. Therefore, it is easy for one to set up in any economic region and can be set up by a local or foreign investor. Job Opportunities The rise of the tourism industry in any area creates job opportunities for locals and foreigners. The jobs are created as a result of the development projects which may need both experts and casual laborers. They also employ local guides, use of local transport and local supplies among others. Environmental Awareness Adventure tourism is has become common in protected areas and, therefore, the entrepreneurs should encourage the tourists to practice responsible tourism. The providers of adventure tourism take part in raising awareness on ways of protecting the environment. Improved education and health facilities As a result of availability of jobs and economic development, community is able to create education and health facilities. At the same time, the tourists get knowledge about the beauty and natural phenomena. This can make them ambassadors who will fight for the protection and supporters for the conservation activities in the visited regions. Better Land Management In a community where adventure tourism is practiced there is a possibility of good land usage because people have knowledge on the benefits of land. Giving Back to Communities The tourism industry participates in activities of the community through funding the cultural and social events. The customers also give back to the community by buying souvenirs after their visit. Economic development The constant arrival of tourists in a community helps improve the economy of that community. For example, in the arctic the tourists help to boost the economy and reduce the over reliance on natural resources (Snyder, 2007). Disadvantages of adventure tourism Be
In a more instinctive manner, there is need to redefine Afghanistan’s security, economy and identity in order to minimize the increasing rate of poverty, tension and insecurity in the country (Kinsman, 2006). According to neoliberal theorists, Afghanistan has lost its ability to pursue self-interests in the international realm. Evidence derived from comprehensive analysis indicates that lack of human security; poor narcotic economy and identity crises have affected the rate of development in all sectors of the economy. Underdevelopment in the country has been manifested through low gross domestic production, literacy level, low life expectancy, frequent attacks and identity tension. This implies that firm steps must be taken to eradicate insecurity, violation of human rights and economic decline. By so doing, this guarantees increase in national security, economic growth and identity achievement (Kinsman, 2006). Furthermore, protection of human rights will help to overcome identity conflicts. Recently, economic relation theorists have raised concern on the state of economy, security and national identity in Afghanistan (Manley, 2007). Moreover, the theories have constantly insisted on the essence of national security, economic development and identity in response against international pressures. It is on this ground that this paper attempts to address and recommend how the economy, security and identity in Afghanistan can be eradicated. Theoretical approach From a theoretical perspective, it is evident that Afghanistan has lost its capacity to govern its self-interests in the international sphere (Kinsman, 2006). From a liberalist perspective, every country needs to have a central role to play in the international cooperation. Failure to this, the theorists perceive the state to have lost its power to the core states (Manley, 2007). Due to problems related to security, identity and economy, Afghanistan is unable to govern its national interest and thus can not offer a direction of its policies without external influence. To some extent, it has become a threat to international security due to Al-Qaida terrorist groups (Manley, 2007. However, these problems have been discussed in details below. Security It is apparent that security in Afghanistan has posed a great threat to the economy and identity of the citizens in particular (Ghaznizada, 2010). Evidence has been derived from the fact that the US army has been doubled to ensure security in the country as at 2009. For a long time, the US army has focused its effort in the country in order to eradicate the remnants of the warring groups (Manley, 2007. Frequent wars have left the country unstable for development and as well threatening the international community. Numerous steps have been made in the effort to increase security. Such include establishment of a transitional government and consultative forums through which a new constitution have been formed (Kinsman, 2006). According to the liberalists, the survival of the country will only be determined by the
Suicide entails the act of people causing their own death intentionally. Most studies note that suicide is caused by various personal reasons such as despair. However, some mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders have been associated with most suicide cases. On the other hand, suicide is attributable to various incidences of alcoholism and drug abuse. Furthermore, financial difficulties and various problems associated with interpersonal interactions can cause depression and suicide subsequently (Robinson, 2001). According to the World Health Organization (2010), the mortality rate for suicide stands at 16 per 100,000 people in the general population. The same studies show that about 1,000,000 annual deaths occur as a result of suicide in the world. That is, for every forty seconds, one person commits suicide. Apart from being one of the leading causes of death in the world, suicide affects families, economies, and other socio-cultural activities. This essay aims at highlighting the suicide warning signs, the myths regarding suicide, and the preventative measures for suicidal tendencies. Robinson (2001, p. 170) notes that the suicide warning signs diverge relative to different age groups. For example, elderly persons may stop following medical instructions while teenagers may display deviant behavioral characteristics. However, most studies note that the most unique suicide warning signs include suicide threats, having a history of suicide attempts, and revealing statements insinuating the longing to commit suicide. Other suicide warning signs involve unexpected behavior changes including anger outbursts, withdrawal, and moodiness among many young people. Furthermore, the warning signs accompany depressive moments whereby the victims may be seen crying, being hopeless, sleepless, and losing their appetite. Sometimes, victims may be preoccupied with stories and questions regarding death including incidences where persons take unnecessary risks, which may be regarded as the possible causes of instant death. Finally, most suicidal victims may acquire weapons and make their final arrangements in terms of giving away their personal belonging. On the other hand, Robinson (2001, pp. 171-172) posits that there are many myths regarding suicide. For instance, many people assume that those persons who openly talk about suicide are trying to draw attention, and therefore, they may not commit suicide in the real sense. Furthermore, many people believe that suicide always occurs without prior warning signs, and as a result, there is nothing that can stop persons who have decided