ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The rise of the globalization project was a move geared towards establishing a global order in economic development. The success of the project was to be facilitated through abandonment and dismantling of a development project in favor of a more globalized socio-economic order. 1 The initial economic trend was unanimously referred to as “postdevelopmentalism”, in which states undertook to manage their own socio-economic affairs, also called state economy (Robertson, 53-77). With the globalization project becoming a vital subject, dismantling of the “postdevelopmentalism” topped the economic development agendas. Preliminary stages of globalization involved states attempting to explore new principles of governance. 2 The process was characterized by both centralization and decentralization of power. Decentralization of power divested certain crucial social responsibilities from the central state authorities to the global arena, so that development issues like the social budgetary role were not a one-state affair. Centralization of power enabled different state members to group themselves at “the macro-regional levels” such as RFATs, to come up with common market rules, policies, and binding principles of trade (McMichael, 153-155). The emergence of the globalization project was actually surrounded by a couple of economic and governance uncertainties. This paper presents a general assessment of the development and social change coming forth with the rise of the globalization project. Review on the Globalization phenomenon The growth of globalization projects is generally construed as a direct attack on a development project. It is understood as 3 “a global development strategy” whose key purpose is to enforce for successful state participation in global economic activities. 4 The 1980s definition of the concept of globalization was made extensive to incorporate “a policy of broad liberalization” (McMichael, 155-157). Liberalization became the centerpiece of the globalization project. This policy took a center stage in the debt regime, in which the debt managers rewarded debtor governments for reducing their sizes and roles. This in turn facilitated the opening of state economies to global influences, leading to “polarization of wealth, compromising domestic populations security and threatening the sustainability of local resources” (Cerny, 270-103). Rooting for efficiency in the global market drastically weakened “the domestic fibers of social securities”, and stifled the local economic development. National resources were exploited and commercialized at the expense of International debt, the case in China (Cerny, 270-103). Debt servicing involved buying and selling domestic products at the global economic avenues. The global economic agencies then supplied to the global economy which de
I think that the new policy that puts emphasis on the de-escalation of force prior to the use of deadly force is necessary. Too many deaths of unarmed or mentally ill people who could not have done any harm to police officers occur because the current policies do not restrict officers’ weapon use. Criminals are bad people, but they are people, too. Some of them resort to breaking the law because of extreme poverty or stressful situations. Also, people may be forced by someone to commit a crime. In such situations, a criminal should have a right to explain his or her actions at a court. When a person gets a chance to repent, he or she can still be justified and set free. Even if one is imprisoned, it is still better than being shot because a police officer did not take time to think for a few moments and make sure that the criminal was unarmed. However, situations may be different, and various approaches are needed in each particular case. When an officer has grounds to think that his or her life is in danger, he should not think about anything else than saving his/her life. Everyone knows that work in police belongs to highly challenging jobs. Therefore, doing what they do on daily basis – keeping order in the streets and saving people from attackers, helping those who suffer from domestic violence or finding the stolen things – already is a risky thing. Thus, when an officer finds him/herself in a situation when there is an increased danger to their life, he/she should think of personal safety in the first place. I do not think that officers’ liv
From 1973, the Eurobarometer public opinion surveys have been conducted on behalf of the Directorate-General for Education and Culture of the European Commission twice a year to get a better basis for decisions and evaluations of its work. Every survey is composed of about one thousand personal interviews per member state of the European Commission. The common questions that are usually asked in the surveys appertain to “the general climate of opinion like personal satisfaction or main concern of European citizens, the general opinion if the membership in EU is a good thing or not and if their own country benefits from it” (Kaiser, 12). Current issues often dictate the formulation of the questionnaire so as to identify the changes and continuities in the public opinion over the time. Thus, with the changing times, the Eurobarometer should adopt the following new polling questions. The first question: can the war of terrorism be ‘won’? Although the previous surveys have indicated that the European citizens want more efforts to be concentrated on combating terrorism, the public has not really given its opinion on whether winning the war on terror is still a possibility. It is true that almost all the European countries are facing the threat due to terrorism. In spite of the supportive actions that have been taken by the EU member states, getting information on the ground will ensure that the EU formulates workable solutions of addressing this threat. The current approach that the EU is using to combat terrorism has proved not to be very beneficial, as terrorists have always found a loophole of creating havoc in the member states. Thus, to prevent the continuation of this trend, the future Eurobarometer questions should seek the public opinion on whether winning the war on terror is still a possibility. Perhaps, the response got from such a survey can make the policy makers to change radically the course of handling the modern terrorism threat. In the past, the EU has supported initiatives on the use of military force in combating terrorism. As such, the response from the new polling question will seek to find out if this way is still appropriate or not. Maybe the survey can expose workable strategies such as reestablishing the moral authority and ideological appeal of the EU internationally, enacting focused and better diplomatic goals, and strengthening cooperation in sharing of sensitive security information among the member states and other countries of the world. Therefo
Executive Summary Consep Pty Ltd is a global international company based in Australia. The company has a reputation for providing innovative engineering solutions to the mining, construction, water, and wastewater industries. It applies innovative technologies, wide experiences, customized design, and excellence in manufacturing for the production of outstanding equipment for its global customers (Consep, 2013). The company has been developing new or improving its existing products to meet unique needs of its global customers. Innovation in the area of ththe e formwork hoist has facilitated entrepreneurship in the company. The product has gained recognition in the international market, and it won the award of excellence in the Australian construction sector in 2011. Contractors prefer the product because it saves costs, time, and ensure safety of workers. Consep relies on both in-house engineers and external partners for developing innovative solutions to its customers. In-house engineers provide the company with the flexibility it requires in order to customise clients’ products. External partners ensure that the company gets novel designs and solutions that can serve diverse needs of its customers. Thus, innovation at Consep is a team effort rather than an individual’s initiative. Moreover, senior engineers with statuses also promote innovation at the company. Innovations and entrepreneurship are difficult due to extreme weather conditions, high costs of material and labour and red tape systems during initiation of contracts in Australia. However, such factors have led companies to be efficient in their processes and develop effective products for Australia and the world. Recent innovative achievements of Consep In the recent past, the company has introduced new innovative products or improved on its existing equipment. These equipment and solutions include mineral processing plants, water, and wastewater treatment, and chemical facilities. Grit Removal and Separation Consep has introduced innovative ideas to the previous grit removal and separation system. The system aims to be economical minimize the number of waste materials users dispose of. The new technology has recognized various environments and global conditions. Consequently, Consep has developed its equipment to remove minute particles in order to avoid damages to subsequent downstream processes. Moreover, th
Overview and Introduction Cultural diversity is a source of strength as well as weakness for many societies around the world. A multi-cultural society has the advantage of having a rich cultural environment but this diversity in culture can also be a source cultural tension and conflict (Fisher, 1994). Educational institutions are the most affected by the potential negative impact of a multi-cultural environment, thus, creating the need to implement policies for dealing with cultural issues in schools (Freire, 1985). The aim of this paper is to analyze critically the ways of dealing with cultural diversity issues facing educational institutions as presented in the article Diversity within Unity by Banks, Cookson, Gay and others. The Concept of Diversity as Discussed in the Article Diversity in the article refers to cultural, ethnic and language differences in the context of the American society. The cultural landscape in the US is becoming increasingly diversified mostly due to the high number of immigrants that join the nation each year (Feagin, 1994). This number is estimated to be around one million. Most of the immigrants are Africans and Asians who have different cultural and language backgrounds from those of the natives of the US. A high percentage of the immigrants are youth who join educational institutions in the country including high schools, colleges, and universities and they only use English as their second language (Dahl, 1998). Though this influx of new cultures has the positive impact of enriching the nation’s cultural environment it also harbors the potential effect of dividing the country along cultural lines. There is need, therefore, to emphasize the common aspects of all the different cultures in the US in a bid to foster cultural cohesion and create a united nation. The best way to achieve this unity would be through encouraging multi-cultural cohesion in schools through both instruction and by emphasizing inter-cultural interactions among students (Fine, 1991). Analysis of the Philosophical Perspectives Advocated in the Article The article identifies various principles which the management of educational institutions in the US should implement in order to promote cultural cohesion amongst students. These principles are as follows: Professional Development Programs for Teachers The article ad
Introduction A good sustainability report helps an organization to realize a good name outside its scope. It helps shine some light on the organization in terms of some realms like the environment, green power, recycling, and other major areas that are of the essence to the community (Martin, 2010). Critique The beginning part of the report is a recap of their ropes. Sustainability has been enhanced in the testing and the security measures that have been clarified by cooperation with the companies that are affiliated with it. For a real sustainability attitude though the company needs to showcase its environmental concerns. The enhancement of better future endeavors in ecology is one of the key points that the company has insisted on. There is a focus on the future conditions of the mountaineers. This is just one of the positive things that the company has been able to achieve and portray in its report. Its coalition with the corporate social responsibility bodies enhances the sustenance of the environment through ecology. In this realm, the Company has outshone itself in the fact that it has proven that it is just not focused on the needs like profits alone but also on matters that concern environmental needs (Fair Wear Foundation, 2009). The establishment of this corporate culture in the report is an attitude that brings out the opportunity for the company as one that values sustainability and the need to protect the environment as one of the most critical issues that are affecting the world today. The report has brought this out in a manner that tends not to appear exaggerated as most companies would do but it is in a manner that looks real. The tone that has been used to present this truth or this responsibility is a casual one which also makes the report have better and a lot of sense. Another critical factor that has been included in this report is the integration of the company with fair wear foundations. This is a company that deals with enhancing that companies are subscribing to the “code of labor practices”. These practices ensure that the companies are fair in their products and propose whether the products are fit to be used by the public. This issue was solidified by the positive annual report which was issued by the fair wear foundation. Such a positive comment means that the company is committed to the requirements of its clientele. Back to the iss
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of two leading companies in the hospitality industry- Hilton Hotels and Marriot international. The aim of this analysis is to identify the major factors affecting their strategic direction and predict their future performances and possibility of existence in a rapidly developing and highly dynamic industry. Comparative SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis of Hilton Hotel International Strengths Hilton Hotel international is a global leader in the industry, being the world’s second largest group of hotels after Marriot International 1 . This means that the company has an advantage of size and global presence, which allows it to maximize its profitability 2 . The company has a diversified corporate portfolio, with a wide range of products based on both price and service 3 . In fact, the company has about nine different brands- the Hilton, Waldorf-Astoria Collection, Conrad Hotels and Resorts, Embassy Suites, Hilton Grand Vacations, Hilton Garden Inn, Hampton Inn and Suites, the Doubletree and Homewood Suites by Hilton 4 . Thirdly, the company ha a focused development that allows it enter into and consolidate new markets. The company has been pursuing its growth strategy with aggressiveness with an aim of consolidating its presence throughout the world. In addition, it aims at capitalizing on the dynamic and booming hotel, travel and tourism industry as well as the emergent world markets such as India, Brazil and China. For instance, the company announced a major plan of building more then 300 outlets in the Asian Pacific region alone beginning 2008. 5 A loyalty program, the “Hilton HHonours” established at the company is one of its major advantages and strengths 6 . With this program, the company has become a well-recognized partner in the travel and tourism industry. In 2007, the company announced its plans to extend this loyalty program to include Experience Rewards, which aims at offering its more then 17 million customers with personalized and experience-oriented options as a reward and appreciation 7 . In addition, the company extended its blackout dates in 2008, which made it more valuable in the eyes of its customers throughout the world. From an analysis of the company, it is worth noting that a strong loyalty program is important in retaining its customer and crating brand loyalty among
Introduction This essay focuses on advanced interrogation with specific reference to water boarding as a form of criminal interrogation in the US. It shows that usages of torture and other advance techniques in order to obtain information from suspects are matters of debate even among people who oppose them. They claim that such approaches may be useful for obtaining information from suspects who have knowledge of impending and devastating crimes. Advanced interrogation According to Homeland Security, advanced interrogation “helps in enhancing the skills of law enforcement criminal investigators as they conduct interviews of victims, witnesses and suspects” (Homeland Security, 2012). Advance interrogation techniques are some of the techniques law enforcement officers apply during their interview sessions with suspects. Water boarding is among advanced interrogation techniques the CIA and the US military officers apply during interrogation of suspects. For instance, the Bush administration allowed the use of water boarding in order to obtain information from terror suspects who were uncooperative. However, such methods can only appeal to both psychology and physical aspects of the suspects through severe pains and psychosomatic damages. The US media introduced confusion whether to use to the term torture or advanced interrogation techniques to describe water boarding. However, they did not use the term torture while describing the use of water boarding. This implies that water boarding had new definitions from water people had known previously. Water boarding Water boarding is a method of torture where the interrogator pours water over the face of the suspect in order to divulge useful information. According to Rejali, water boarding actually refers to “two different interrogation techniques” (Rejali, 2009). The first method involves pumping of water directly into the stomach of the prisoner. It creates severe pain. The other method involves blockages of the nose and mouth, which restrict breathing (Rejali, 2009). This method is ‘slow-motion drowning’. It is the most common method since 17 th century during the period of Dutch traders and Brit
Introduction The human brain as an organ has elicited lots of attention from scientists. The brain has been touted as being capable of adjusting itself to accommodate any new task that an individual sets out to accomplish (Tan 1137). Even though new unexplored tasks require a lot of mental input at first, with time they are learned and can be accomplished almost unconsciously. Hugdahl (126) notes that whenever an individual carries out a task that demands a lot of attention, the parts of the brain associated with the task in question routinely increase activity. Oliver Sacks explores this plasticity of the brain in his essay, The Mind’s Eye. He does this by articulating experiences of several blind people and with his own expert knowledge coupled with a few unique cases of sighted individuals. This aspect helps in giving an insight into the “worlds” of the blind coupled with how, in this state of blindness, their brains develop extra capacity to handle tasks that would otherwise be remotely conceivable. This essay seeks to analyze Sacks’ essay with a focus on illuminating the key aspects of the experiences of the different blind men and women he encountered or read from and link them with the author’s other experiences in a bid to clearly understand the capabilities of the human brain. Sacks lessons from experiences of the blind Sacks narrates the experiences of different blind individuals whose work he has studied and relates them with each other in a bid to understand how the blind perceive their surroundings and in effect carry out their day to day tasks. The function of the brain, through the mind, is highlighted for the mind is the conscious dimension of the human brain. In this state of consciousness, blind people, as evidenced by the different memoirs they authored, are in a position to go about their duties with a level of skill and tact that a sighted individual is incapable of achieving. According to Sacks (203), Hull gradually sank into a state of “deep blindness” as he (Hull) called it. This state of blindness is akin to that experienced by individuals who are born blind and those who lose their sight at a tender age. From Hull’s book, Touching the Rock an Experience of Blindness, Sacks learns that it is possible to lose visual imagery even for an individual who becomes blind in ad
Introduction Supply chain management/logistics management is an important part of business. The flow of goods from the point of origin to the hands of consumers is required to move along smoothly so that both the consumers and supply chain partners experience satisfaction, efficiency and profitability respectively. Warehouse management is a part of supply chain management and retailers and wholesalers are usually faced with a lot of questions as to how to operate efficiently in order to realize high degrees of optimization within the warehouse. Warehouse management is not often only concerned with management of stock and inventory but also handling employees by organizing and managing them in a way that results to the highest levels of satisfaction and productivity (Bardi & Langley 125). The main purpose of a warehouse management system is to handle inventory with the help of manual or computerized procedures to manage the reception of stock/inventory together with returns into the warehouse or store. Footzone is a contracted warehouse that has been in the shoe business for the last five years and is located in the Central business district of Hong Kong next to the port. The warehouse only handles three Nike’s athletic shoe brands and several Nike’s fashion shoe brands. The private warehouse serves as a centralized warehouse that receives orders on behalf of other importers. The warehouse uses the latest supply chain management systems and warehouse management systems warehouse to store and dispatch shoes when they are ordered. Some of the issues that the owner of the warehouse has been forced to put into consideration in order to operate with the highest degree of efficiency and please his clientele include, coming up with an appropriate layout for the warehouse to optimize space and to ensure that the client’s goods fit well into the warehouse. Other concerns include coming up with a good storage system that preserves the quality of merchandise, proper operations management which concerns processing orders, receiving money and dispatching orders, material handling, and physical location of stock, auditing inventory records, automation, warehouse safety concerns and management of warehouse management information systems (Wheelen & Hunger 287). Footzone warehouse management has given a lot of thought and come up with appropriate strategies that assist the company to solve various issues within their warehouses for more efficient and optimal workplace. Layout Layout of warehouses usually depends on compatibility, the complimentary nature of goods or popularity of items in the warehouse. Footzone’s layout is not any different Nike is the most popular shoe brand in the region accounting for almost 50% of total sales within the region, thus Nike is a favorite among other shoe brand such as Adidas and Reebok the layout of the warehouse has also 100% of the total space belonging to Nike products since the warehouse doesn’t hold rival brands. The wareho