ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: What One Must Know about HRM and Company Culture There is no secret that in a prosperous company, every single employee is like a detail in a clockwork mechanism; each performs his/her own function, each has a unique set of qualities according to which they are assigned with individual tasks. However, according to the recent researches, HRM also has a considerable impact on the corporate culture and, therefore, on the relationships between the employees and the managerial, as well as on employees’ performance. Analyzing the way in which HRM impact corporate culture, one can possibly come up with the suggestions on how to make the HRM impact milder or more favorable. Corporate Culture Concerns: Subordination Before going into details concerning the way in which HRM impacts the employees’ organizational behavior, it is reasonable to touch upon the specifics of the corporate culture, its definition and significance for the well-being of the company. Once defining the major features of corporate culture, one will be able to define the factors which can influence it most, which will, in its turn, lead to the discovery of the ways in which HRM personnel can impact corporate culture. Corporate culture definition Before going any further, the phenomenon of corporate culture must be defined. According to the ideas offered by Grugulis and Wilkinson, corporate culture is values, norms and behavioral patterns that a group shares (Grugulis & Wilkinson, 2002). According to Herzog, there has not been an adequate definition of the issue yet, which can possibly mean only two things; namely, the issue is either too simple or, on the contrary, too complex to define. It is also necessary to mention that, unlike national cultures, corporate culture is not quite prone to the outside influence; hence, it can be changed to a considerable extent, depending on the people who are selected by the current HRM staff. Types of HRM Strategies and Their Impact on Corporate Culture As it has been explained above, HRM specialists’ actions are directly related to the people who are picked for certain jobs and, therefore HRM managers somewhat responsible for the atmosphere in the working place. In its turn, the positive change of organizational culture will trigger the increase of revenues. For example, in the UK, a specific HRM strategy was applied to the major food organizations. As the research results show, “In1973,the top five retailers accounted for less than 30 percent of the total food market.However,by1988 this figure had increased to 56 percent and by 1997 it had increased to 70 per cent” (Ogbonna & Harris, 2002,
A spon is an object used in donkey carts. Spons are usually common in Asia and Africa where donkey use is prevalent. Spons are mostly made using metal. However, some types of woods are now being used to make them. A spon is mainly used to give a donkey cart balance especially when it is loaded to capacity. A spon is mostly used in areas where carts are pulled by two or more donkeys. Most donkey owners rely on spons to find out which donkeys are less productive. Spons can be used for a long time depending on the level of their care. History indicates that spons were first used in the Sahara desert regions. Some excavations have shown that spon use dates back to the seventeenth century. It is also assumed that ancient Egyptians tried to use spons with horses. It is thought that the reason for abandoning this practice was because using a spon on a horse cart slowed down the horses. Surprisingly, history indicates that the use of spons was particularly popular with ox-driven carts during the early eighteenth century. However, spons are almost exclusively used with donkeys nowadays. It is thought that the Arabs invented the spon. In the early days, it was considered an addition to the cruelty donkeys were usually subjected to. Spon use never caught on in the western world. This is because by the time it was introduced to farms in Europe, an aggressive revolution was already going on. Spons come in two forms. There is the wooden and the metal type. The metal type is more common. Wooden spons are rare and they are a latter development. Spons are primarily used to make sure that the cart’s load is evenly distributed amongst the animals pulling a cart. This even distribution ensures that all the animals perform at full capacity. When carts are constructed, it is done in such a way that their alignment may change depending on the strength of the animals pulling them. When a spon is used, it is possible for the p
Introduction The last several decades could be characterized by the increased number of environmental concerns that become extremely important. The blistering rise of industry, the high pace of globalization, and the growth of the number of population preconditioned a significant deterioration of the environment. Air, soil, and water become polluted but at the same time, they need for these sources to increase. People inhabit new areas characterized by a complex environment which could sometimes be even hostile for individuals. For this reason, the quality of the above-mentioned natural resources becomes one of the most important issues of modern society. For instance, many of us do not consider water something precious; however, in some regions, high-quality freshwater becomes very important for survival and these lands development. In this regard, numerous innovative approaches that incorporate the newest technologies to analyze the structure of this substance provide people with fresh water. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) could be considered one of these new tools. Background As stated above, many reasons caused the problem with freshwater. Water supply has always been a problematic issue in parched areas. People living in Africa, the Middle East, some other parts of the world have always been appreciating this liquid and realizing the importance of its sources. However, the crucial alterations of the landscape, human activity, an increased number of people resulted in the problems with water supply. For instance, in the Gulf Region, the question is extremely important and is given great attention by the government. The fact is that the high speed of the development of the given region, its industry, and population growth demand the corresponding enhancement of the water supply. However, considering the peculiarities of the area and its climate, the given task could be considered rather complex. The quality of water suffers, and new ways to monitor its state are introduced. Sources of Water in the UAE As for the UAE, the problem is also topical for this state. At the moment, there are two main sources of water in the UAE. These are desalinated water and groundwater (“Water in the UAE”). The first source is used to provide citizens with drinking water. The second one is mostly used to supply agricultural regions and guarantee the further evolution of the sector. However, considering the current speed of the countrys rise, these sources ability to satisfy constantly increasing demands is doubted. The fact is that the groundwater that comes for irrigation and other agricultural needs is also saline and there are only two freshwater aquifers (“Water in the UAE”). Besides, the excessive usage of these sources results in groundwater withdrawals and a significant decline in the level and quality of the groundwater (“Water in the UAE”). The problem becomes extremely topical. In case it is disregarded the quality will not meet the existing expectations and
Introduction The problem of immigrant labor is largely exaggerated, to my mind. It is not a problem of farming, shortage of labor force, or getting cheap products; it is a problem of people who cannot work as hard as immigrants do to obtain good jobs. The topic of immigrant labor has been discussed since the agricultural industry faced the problems of farm labor shortage. “Since World War I, the Congress has allowed the use of temporary foreign workers to perform agricultural labor of a seasonal nature as a means of augmenting the supply of domestic farmworkers” (Levine 1). As you can see, single permission caused a problem which is under discussion. Immigrant labor is a common phenomenon for modern farms on the territory of the United States of America. However, “while we see a representation of part-time (PT) work from US-born workers, most immigrant workers work full-time (FT).” (Harrison 2). It means that the US-born farmworkers do not always want to be full-time engaged, while the immigrant workers obtain such jobs as direct work. It means that all problems concerning the shortage of farm workers can be solved by inviting workers from neighboring countries for works that local workers do not want to fulfill to the full capacity. Lazy workers of farm labor shortage We encounter a problem of whether to support the local workers in their desire to fulfill a part-time job or to support the local farm owners who do not want to experience the shortage of labor force every time they have to gather the harvest. As a rule, we pay little attention to such aspects as who grew the products we eat; who owns the farm it grew on; who picked it; who processed it (put it into cans, or cleaned it for the produce sections, or slaughtered and prepared the meat we eat); how did it get from the farm to the store or market where we bought it. This information does not seem interesting to us as consumers, though we should know the principles hoe the immigrant labor force can influence prices or quality of products. However, it is important to mention that “Immigration legislation sometimes has been crafted to take into account the purported labor requirements of U.S. crop growers” (Levine 2); that is why the problem of the shortage of labor forces can be solved in different ways. The first way consists in involving immigrant labor forces and not paying attention to the fact that the US-born workers do not want to work full-time year-round. The second way is to wait for US-born workers to fulfill their jobs, suffer losses, an
In the twentieth century people learnt to use the outer space and enjoyed the benefits of this use. However, in the twenty-first century many states are more concerned about the fact that “the same technologies that benefit humanity are pressed into service as weapons” (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 159). The development of space technology in the USA and the U.S. Space Policy brought these concerns to the fore. It is important to note that nowadays the outer space is already inhabited by more than 500 satellites which are used for military purposes, e.g. for communication, imaging and meteorology (jonlottman 2008). The USA is one of the leaders of the space technology and it is trying to find new ways of exploring and using the outer space. In 2006 National Space Policy (NSP) was unveiled. Reportedly, it can be regarded by other states “as highly nationalistic at best and aggressively militaristic at worst” (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 161). In fact, the new NSP “treats space as one more potential battlefield” and is aimed at defending the US national security. Nevertheless, the line between military defense and attack is almost absent especially when it deals with the outer space. Admittedly, all states try to develop their space technology to keep up with such countries as the USA, or Russia and China. For instance, Iran launched Omid satellite in February 2009 (Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report 2010). Such projects are often regarded by many states as a potential threat to the security of each country and the peace in the world. For instance, at the 2002 Carnegie International Nonproliferation Conference scientists and specialists from many countries discussed the issues of space weaponization. Weaponization is defined as “the active application of force in space to either terrestrial or space based targets” (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 166). The participants of the conference revealed their concerns about the development of space technologies and their use by the USA and other countries. It was also mentioned that the U.S. policy makes other countries develop their own space technologies. Admittedly, this can lead to space weapon proliferation and can become a real threat to humanity. In spite of the fact that the US administration officials declare that the USA is against weapon proliferation, when it deals with the space the US policy is quite inconsistent since the state “explicitly voted against” treaties “banning space weapons” (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 166). The major claim of the US officials can be expressed with the help of the statement of Christine Rocca, U.S. Ambassador: “…we continue to believe that there is no arms race in space, and therefore no problem for arms control to solve” (Johnson-Freese and Nichols 2007, 167). Such position leads to certain tension. It goes without saying that weapon proliferation is a potential threat if at least one state is developing space technology in military purposes. For instance, the US policy is a kind of stimulus for other countries to develop their space technology to defend themselves from potential threats. The
A company’s communication system safety status audit is based on the application of safety measures to ensure information is not lost. Such an audit also puts into consideration the facilities that the company or organization has put in place to uphold security of stored information and data, which are confidential to the company. In order to elucidate how secure information is, the company should put in place strict measures and restrictions that will govern its access and use. Other than administrative measures, there should be physical measures that ensure all computers and network systems are secured from intrusion. Technical safeguards should ensure there are limitations and policies that work specifically to reduce or do away with information loss or theft. This paper outlines the seven possible questions that should be answered to help a company establish a perfect security audit. Defining the Scope of your audit: Creating Asset Lists The scope of the audit will help establish all materials and systems employed in the establishment of security measures. In the company that I work for, the scope for the audit will include all items and systems that are used by the company at the administrative level. Some of the systems to be considered for audit will be the company’s computers, laptops, access cards for the employees, websites, routers and networking systems. These are just but a few points of concern, they depend on the intensity of the audit. Create A ‘Threat List’ The need for a security audit shows that there is a great threat to the information held by the company. The highest threat to information stored is hacking of the company’s passwords. The other threat is intrusion by outsiders; since the company does not have specific employees’ cards. There is also a chance of mechanical tapping of the company’s routers and networking systems. It was also established that employees do not safeguard the company’s computer passwords; hence subjecting infor
As it is seen from the case study, Backwoods’ problems are connected with the mistakes made by the employees and lack of knowledge. Thus, the training for them should have such objectives:   * Information about the products – if the employees enhance their knowledge of the features of the products (including size, etc.), there will be fewer merchandise returns.   * Data entry – it is mentioned that more than half of all mistakes are made when entering the information about the order in the computer system that is why the improvement at this stage is needed. With the reduction of incorrect entry, the number of merchandise returns will also become smaller.   * Equipment – using headphones of better quality, the employees can be less affected by noise (Frein 107).   * Clarification – if the employees receive a mail that can be hardly understood due to the handwriting or it lacks some information, they should contact the client and clarify the order.   * Call handling – the way the employees should answer to the customers and add their orders is to follow decent guidelines.   * Interaction among the personnel – the problems that are faced by the Packaging and Shipping department (labeling and inventory) can be reduced if the workers communicate. The training plan for the employees should follow these recommendations: The training should take place at the workplace (classroom training) and last for half of the shift so that the employees can swap over and some of them are always available for the customers (half day class) (Aswathappa 218). All personnel that works in customer service should have training regarding entry accuracy. They should practice how to enter the data till at least 90% accuracy is reached. The employees who are to deliver product information should study the products they have to be aware of their peculiarities. The training should be assessed to make sure that all needed information is familiar to the workers and then ended. They can also create a database where all products and information about them will be included and updated from time to time (Seidel and Chatelier 13). In a kind of role-play, the employees (especially new members of the staff) should practice answering customer calls for two months. Some examples can be even recorded while working to analyze them during the training (Lussier 246). There should also be training with the new equipment that will last till the employees will be able to use it without problems. If the new worker is employed, the training is to be repeated for him/her before one starts working. To evaluate the efficiency of the program, the data should be gathered with the help of a questionnaire (to receive the employees’ and customers’ feedback) and a survey (to measure the results b
The present paper is a review of a story by Adrian Mojica published on the ABC 13 News official website on April 18, 2019, that can be accessed through the following URL: wset.com/news/nation-world/potentially-deadly-kissing-bug-confirmed-in-delaware-joins-reports-in-southern-states-04-18-2019. The article brings to attention a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about the first confirmed case of the insect Triatoma sanguisuga, also known as the “kissing bug”, biting a person in Delaware (Mojica). It is a blood-sucking insect that feeds from animals and humans and has a predisposition for biting people on the face. Kissing bugs can transmit parasites that cause Chagas disease, which can be deadly if left untreated as it causes heart or brain inflammation. The article provides a link to a publication on the CDC official website that can be accessed through the following URL: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6815a5.htm?s_cid=mm6815a5_e. The webpage was consulted to acquire further details about the incident described in the article by Mojica. In this publication, CDC describes the event in Delaware in greater detail and warns citizens about the possible adverse effects that may be caused by the insect. The article also gives recommendations about preventative measures to protect households that include turning off lights when they are not needed, positioning them away from human or animal dwellings, and clearing out trash piles. Before reading the article by Mojica and the CDC publication, I was unaware of the ways of preventing blood-feeding insect biting other than repellent usage. According to Mengoni et al., Triatoma sanguisuga is attracted both to light and feces, both of which are more abundant near human and animal dwellings (23). One of the most logical strategies to avoid being bitten by the insects is to eliminate or displace the sources of attraction. Therefore, clearing trash, bird and animal nests, wood and rock piles may be an effective strategy to protect family members. Moving light away from places where kissing bugs are more likely to come into contact with people and domestic animals, such as houses and kennels, can also help to avert bites. Additionally, there are simple ways to prevent insects from entering the house, including sealing “cracks and gaps around windows, air conditioners, walls, roofs, doors, and crawl spaces” (CDC para. 5). The methods described above are suitable for defense
Both of them comprise of the three arms of government, including the Legislative body, the executive, and the judiciary. In both cases, the legislature would appoint people to serve in the executive branch. In New Jersey, the executive branch of government had the main role of appointing the top most judges, including those of the Supreme Court. Virginia Plan is made up of two houses in the legislature, meaning that it is bicameral while the New Jersey Plan has one house meaning unicameral. Under the New Jersey Plan, states have to be represented uniformly by making sure that all of them have the same powers, whereas, in the Virginia Plan, the House of Representatives are chosen by the populace. The Senate is chosen by the house of representative members. In the Virginia Plan, the first branch of the National legislature is elected by the people and serves for three years while members of the second branch are chosen by individual legislatures and are expected to be at least thirty years of age and would serve for seven years. In the New Jersey Plan, the term period is not stated. This would, therefore, be done when need to do so arose. In the Virginia Plan, the rights of an individual related to suffrage are made based on the regulations found in the articles of confederation, but they must agree with the recommended ratio of representation. This includes those bounded to servitude for a fixed period and three-fifths of all other persons not included in the description apart from the Indians who never pay taxes to any of the states. These rights are similarly incorporated in the New Jersey Plan and thus the procedure is similar in both cases. Furthermore, the decision-making organ has the right to influence the Legislative Act thus it would be complicated to approve any bill unless it is supported by two-thirds of every branch of the parliament under the Virginia Plan. On the other hand, the New Jersey Plan proposes that powers vested in the Congress would not be exercised without the consent of at least a certain number of the states. The executive is headed by a single person chosen by the legislature for a term of seven years with the powers to execute the national laws and appointing officers to sever in various positions. The office holders would be ineligible for reappointment to serve the second term and would be removable if found guilty of gross misconduct and failing to execute the important duties, as laid out in the constitution. Payment would be accessible for the time dedicated to civil service and would be paid by the state-run treasury. This is according to the Virginia Plan. In relation to the New Jersey Plan, the executive is elected by the legislature for a certain period of time. The executive would be charged with the responsibility of appointing all federal offices not catered for and also direct all military operations. The head of the executive would be incapable of taking command of any troops in order to personally carry out any business in general or in a different capacity. The United States Congress would be denied the power