ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pertussis is a disease caused by the infection of a bacterium by name Bordetella pertussis (Plotkin, 2012). It is a prevalent disease in the United States. Its peak is frequently observed between 3 to 5 years. For instance, in 2010 over 27,500 cases of pertussis were recorded. However, its outbreak in 2012 is incomparable; it led to hospitalization of not only 41,000 people, but also over 18 deaths. Test for pertussis Often pertussis outbreaks are difficult to identify and manage. In addition to diverse respiratory pathogens causing symptoms similar to those portrayed by pertussis, co-circulation of pertussis with other pathogens also occurs (Dworkin, 2010). Therefore, the only sure way of knowing pertussis status within an individual is to undergo a laboratory test when suspicious of pertussis outbreak. Pertussis control According to CDC, it is evident that the use of post exposure antimicrobial prophylaxis contributes immensely towards control of the spread of pertussis (Arias, 2010). To reduce the spread of pertussis, CDC also involves itself intensively in supporting correct use of antibiotics among patients and health care officials by providing patients and healthcare providers with PEP use guidance (Acton, 2012). Active screening for symptomatic patients also plays not only a significant role towards reducing exposure to the victims of pertussis, but also encourages the treatment process. Additionally, it also promotes quick administration of antibiotics such as PEP to individuals majorly affected by pertussis. Conclusion In conclusion, pertussis is a disease caused by a bacterium by name Bordetella pertussis. Its symptoms are similar to those portrayed by other respiratory pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Its control includes use of antibiotics and screening of the affected patients.
Introduction: Concerning the Divine Purpose and the Church Structure Making the church structure completely adequate in relation to its purpose is a very difficult task, which requires a lot of planning, careful interpretation of the Biblical prescriptions concerning the role of church in people’s lives, and even more careful evaluation of the role of every single member in the church. Despite the fact that there are quite a lot of types of churches, each having its own structure, set of regulations and purpose, not all of these churches align with the Divine Purpose and every single moral dimension, not to mention the Biblical principles. Although the structure and mission of a church is very hard to arrange, by analyzing the existing types of churches and evaluating their structure and mission, one can possibly come up with a design of a perfect church, the purpose and structure of which are perfectly aligned. Church Struggle in Motion: Revealing the Biblical Mission When it comes to defining the specifics of tension between the currently existing types of churches, the two defining features that split the existing churches apart are their mission and purpose. The difference in the two latter elements can be explained in many ways. Some see the reason for the arguments concerning mission and purpose to occur due to the imperfections of the existing translations of Bible. Others prefer to point out that a number of stories told in the Bible can be interpreted in a number of different ways even in the source language, i.e., Latin, not to mention the transformations that the Book of Books undergoes when being translated into another language. The fact that the authorship of some Gospels has not been defined yet also gives a number of reasons to suspect that the true purpose of the church needs to be sought harder for. Finally, the interpretation of the translations also allows for a number of misconceptions. As a result, numerous churches with different missions and purposes appear. Split Apart: Four Types of Churches. A Detailed Close-up Before going on any further, it is necessary to stress that there are four basic types of church that need to be looked at in order to distill the elements that a perfect church must incorporate. Hybrid Church: watching the chemistry of different concepts mix Perhaps, one of the most recent editions of people’s vision of church, the hybrid church offers a compromise between two different church types and, therefore, allows for helping people with a different idea of God and His divine purpose find reconciliation under the same roof 1 . It is quite peculiar that the given church is often compared to the car model of the same name; in fact, in one of the explanations on how the given church works, it is clearly stated that the basic principle of the church organ
Introduction Research ethics in education aim at protecting research projects from duplications and conflicts of interest. Researchers should consistently volunteer toward research participation with the aim of making a positive contribution to society. Educational research should have a testable theory that can even engage in animal experiments. Northcentral University follows the code of ethics advocated in the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2010). According to Booth, Colomb, and Williams (2008), some participants in the research will undergo intense suffering while others will benefit. The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the academic integrity policy and ways of dealing with academic dishonesty. Types of Academic Dishonesty The most common type of academic dishonesty is plagiarism. Plagiarism ranges from lack of giving credit to the authors of information to patch-writing. Academic dishonesty violates the academic integrity of the University. Instructors and research experts have a duty to progressively support the students in order to develop study skills that will meet the needs of the university. Educational research requires a high level of integrity since it adds value to society and the learning institutions (Chaffee, 2012). Duplication of experimental design and methodology of the educational research may result in redundancy of data. Redundancy of data is also a form of academic dishonesty. Students and researchers should consult widely in identifying the gaps present in previous publications. The Northcentral University aims at the continuous addition of knowledge through educational research. Additionally, poor assessment of students’ work contributes toward academic dishonesty. Instructors should guide the students from the development of the proposal to the interpretation of the results (Aaron & Roche, 2013). The Role of Technology in Academic Dishonesty Advancement in technology has made a huge contribution to academic research. Many research publications are present in soft copy and the public domain. Some of the upcoming researchers may violate academic integrity through the misuse of technology. Misuse of technology involves the improper use of sensitive information and tools for optimizing data (Northcentral University, 2014). Students in the academic field require guidance in the use of sophisticated academic tools toward providing a valuable research idea. The productivity of students in research should improve upon the use of advanced technology especially in academic interactions. Students get consultants through the use of technology in the interpretation of the experimental results but fail to give credit to the research tools. Northcentral University recommends students to state all the online academic tools that aided in the production of results. It is the duty of the researcher to provide accurate results and maintain the integrity of the research (Fosmire, 2014). Potential Solutions to Academic Dishonesty Northcentral University provides comprehens
Catholics in the United States are the representatives of one of the largest religious groups, and Catholicism has deep roots in the country’s history. That is why, the Catholic tradition and the views of Catholics on Word and sacraments can be discussed as reflecting the visions of the majority of Americans. The role of Word and Sacrament in the life of those Catholics who follow their religious tradition strictly is significant because Word of God is associated with main religious doctrines and principles of Catholicism, and sacraments can be discussed as the main rites of passage which determine the major stages in the human life and accentuate the connection of an individual with the faith. Catholics focus on belonging to the community and church while following the fundamental religious principles and doctrines. The everyday life of Catholics should be based on spirituality, faith, and religious tradition. Moreover, Catholicism provides people with a set of moral norms and rules which are necessary to follow and live according to God’s laws (Allitt, 2003). The principles of Catholicism are meaningful for Americans because they depend on the aspects of the historic development (Hemeyer, 2010). According to Corbett and Hemeyer, “Catholics were among the first, if not the first, Europeans to set foot upon the shores of America” that is why it is quite usual for Americans to share the Catholic tradition (
Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to investigate the causes of dementia and explore the role of a mental health nurse in helping patients to manage the condition. In this document, dementia is presented as a public health concern in the United Kingdom because it is a poorly understood cognitive condition and the population at risk, which is mostly comprised of elderly people, is increasing as people live longer in the United Kingdom. Therefore, dementia is a public health concern because of its surging prevalence and low levels of community awareness regarding its impact on patients, families, and society. From a background of a high prevalence of dementia in the United Kingdom, due to a growing aging population, this report suggests that early diagnosis of dementia should be improved and its occurrence minimized through behavioral changes. The theory of reasoned action and the health belief model are presented in this document as supportive frameworks for implementing the aforementioned objectives. The role of community healthcare nurses is pivotal in accomplishing these goals because they are important caregivers. This report recommends that their services should be complemented by the provision of home-based care, which may be provided by well-resourced family members. Lastly, it is advised that local and national health data should be used to track progress in health promotion and in identifying new requirements in disease management. Introduction Dementia is a mental health condition characterized by a decline in cognitive reasoning, loss of memory, and poor judgment. The World Health Organization (2019) posits that mental health condition is among the leading causes of disability among older patients throughout the world. Based on the importance of cognitive functions to human life, dementia causes significant disruptions to a person’s daily activities and, by extension, their quality of life through a manifestation of the aforementioned symptoms (Honig et al ., 2018; Clarkson et al., 2017). Its effects on patients are dire because the condition has physical, psychological, and economic costs to their wellbeing and that of their families. Dementia commonly affects older persons because of their declined cognitive functioning. Global estimates suggest that 50 million people suffer from the disease and 10 million new cases are reported annually (World Health Organization, 2019). In the United Kingdom (UK), about one in every 14 people, aged over 65 years, suffer from the disease (Alzheimer’s Society, 2020). This ratio is expected to increase as the population of elderly people increases (Dementia UK, 2020; Wauters and Van Broeckhoven,
Music has multipurpose, which range from entertainment, aesthetic value, and symbol to communication. Since ancient time different genres of music, musical instruments and musicians have evolved. Music genres such as classics, rock, soul, and jazz have undergone considerable growth and development throughout the history. Consequently, a number of personalities contributed to the growth of music. On the other hand, the development or emergence of diverse musical instruments like guitar, saxophone, flutes, and drums among others are the key to composition of diverse or good music. For instance, America is the home for jazz where it represented not only the diverse culture but also the personality and lifestyle of the Americans. Famous jazz musicians like Lucas Armstrong were among the men behind the development of jazz. Due to its popularity and advancement, jazz is expanding in all directions of music, from dancing styles to individual artist style. The emergence of recording studios, cultural festivities led to the development, high spread, and awareness of jazz music in Europe. Due to the unification of different states, America enjoys a diverse culture, which is the basis for the growth of jazz in the world (Feather 5). Jazz was originally common in bars but the dynamicity of cultures and languages has made it pave its way into clubs, schools/university halls, during concerts or festive celebrations. Similarly, the jazz music is evolving in line with the changing culture; each generation slowly contributes to its growth. According to Merriam, jazz music has led to the stability and integration of societal cultures (7). Due to the effect of jazz, racial discrimination declined as both the blacks and white could form a single band thus promoting unity. States like New Orleans, Louisiana are the main cities where jazz originated because people usually converged in the two cities to present the diverse music genres. For instance, Classical music from Europe and blues from south America or America led to the birth of jazz as a genre of music. Unfortunately, the word jazz is yet to trace its roots or originality. Therefore, jazz is a collection of different genres of music from America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Different people led to the development and growth of jazz music. Louis Armstrong is the father of jazz music that is in the current music industry (Haskins 8). Born in 1911, Louis was not only artistic but also talented, a fact that made him to outshine his competitors. He slowly changed his music instrument from a cornet to a trumpet player, which is currently the basic tool in jazz music. He was perfect and sophisticated attracting large crowds during his music tours in New York, Chicago, and Illinois among other cities in the United States. Du
Introduction Islam does not grant equal rights to men and women, as many people wrongly assume. Women are obligated to wear veil, which is seen as the oppressive symbol of a woman’s subservience to men by Western feminism. However, Islamic women proudly assess the veil as the symbol of their identity. Such controversial perception of the women’s position in Islam has resulted in the widespread belief that feminism will never be a part of Muslim society and that Islamic women accept their subordinate status willingly. Assessment of Women’s Position in Islam Women living in Islamic environments are expected to be humble, supportive, and silent. There is a clear differentiation of female and male responsibilities and statuses in Islamic society. According to Quran and the Shari’ah, men and women are entitled to separate legal statuses, however, both men and women have been prescribed the right to conduct business and to possess property. If the woman is damaged or harmed, she has the right to demand compensation, just as the man. Islamic traditions allow one man to marry more than one woman, and while many non-Muslim marks this practice as unethical, Islamic women do not regard it as a threat. The law requires Islamic women to wear the veil, not to show their face or body to anybody except for the husband, even though not a single Islamic woman would note that this tradition is oppressive. On the contrary, Islamic women are confident that the veil signified their rejection of the modern value system, while Islam elevates women to the position of respect and honor. The law of Islam does not allow contraception, abortions, and marriage on a female’s choice. However, on the other side, Islamic women do not consider their position as inferior or required by traditions; they are willing to follow these laws. Therefore, their position should be assessed as welcomed by Islamic women themselves. Conclusion The position of women in Islam is hard to understand from a Western perspective. American or European woman is unlikely to support the lifestyle of the average woman living in accordance with the Islamic rules. Nevertheless, Islamic women enjoy a wide range of rights equal to men, including the right to conduct business and own property. The key point is that Islamic women are satisfied with their status and believe that Quran protects their rights more than any other law in the western communities.
There are several legal forms of business that people may choose to start running. A decision about a certain form of business that an entrepreneur will choose depends on various factors. Some of these factors and situations are discussed below. Sole Proprietor In a situation when an individual feels like having full control of the business operations, for instance, making final decisions on key business issues, sole proprietor will be the best form of business to undertake (Legal Forms of Business Comparison, n.d). One person can start and manage this form of business with ease. The above scenarios are not common for the other forms of businesses. Remarkably, the other legal structures have more than one person in the management. As a result, it will lead to sharing of opinions implying that chances of using an individual’s opinion are minimal. General Partnership Preference of this form of business can arise in a situation when a group of people would like to run a business that they have full control over. Thus, each partner is actively involved into the managerial affairs (Legal Forms of Business Comparison, n.d). Moreover, in circumstances where people want to share losses, this form of business will be of preference to a one-person business. The above scenarios are applicable, since not all members are occupied in the managerial section. Regarding the issue of sharing losses, general partnership will be of preference to sole proprietorship because in the latter the owner bears all the losses. Limited Liability Partnership A scenario where a group of people would like to be partially responsible for the business losses can lead to the preference of this form of business. This is true when it comes to comparing this form of business organization to sole proprietorship and general partnership. Notably, in case of the business incurring debts the members in this form of business only become liable to a certain extent as opposed to the first two forms of business (Which Legal Form Is Best for Your Business?, Incorporation Article | Inc.com, n.d.). Limited Liability Company LLC This form of business perfectly suits those who want to minimize the paper work and find the best ways to pay taxes. This can be contrasted to an S corporation where maintaining of the records is hectic as the government imposes strict conditions on record keeping (Media, n.d.). Further, LLC is its own legal entity as opposed to S corporation, which have separate legal entities from its owners. This means that members of LLC can decide on how they will pay taxes, since they are part of the company. S Corporation When entrepreneurs want the business to continue operating even in cases of their deaths, S corporation will be the best option. This feature is the perpetual life of a company (Murray, n.d.). A form of business like a sole propr
As a product of society, the average human being is predisposed to act in manners consistent with the ethical dictates of the particular society. Often, this behavior is an intuitive manifestation of conformity to the established ethical standards. However, besides intuition, explicit approaches that allow for precise and systematic handling of ethical issues are paramount in the corporate sector. Failing in this respect may occasion severe repercussions for both the individual and company. In this paper, a case of the contemporary ethical issue of “insider trading” is subjected to analysis under the utilitarian and Kantian Deontology frameworks. Furthermore, the utilitarian emphasis on the tenet of “maximum overall happiness”, and the Kantian “in principle right or wrong” are advanced as the core consideration in making the right decision in ethical dilemmas. In the past few decades, cases of insider trading have rocked several security markets across the globe. Levine et al. (2017) define insider trading as the selling or buying security by availing of nonpublic information about the same security, hence breaching a fiduciary duty or other obligation of confidence and trust. In 2003, the securities and exchange commission charged an American businesswoman and TV personality with several offenses, one being insider trading in the ImClone case (Ganti, 2021). Stewart was accused of selling her 4,000 shares at ImClone Systems, a pharmaceutical company, after being tipped by a stockbroker, Peter Bacanovic. Peter leaked to Stewart that the company’s chief executive officer Samuel Waksal had dumped all of his shares, information that was not available to other shareholders. At this time, ImClone was waiting on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decision to approve or deny their cancer treatment. The FDA rejected ImClone’s request, and Stewart was saved from a loss of $45,700. Stewart was later sentenced to five months in federal prison. The insider trading committed by Stewart is unethical on multiple levels. From the utilitarian perspective, an action’s consequences are the core of ethical evaluation and upon which actions are justified (Becker, 2020). In this respect, Martha Stewart suffers the consequences of this unethical practice by being sentenced to five months in prison. In addition, utilitarianism emphasizes the ethically best action being the one that maximizes the overall happiness of all affected by the move. In Martha’s case, several players have been involved: the legal system, other shareholders who are not privy to the tip, and Martha herself. Martha’s actions increase none of these people’s happiness, especially not herself, since she ends up in prison. Secondly, from a Kantian perspective, the prim