ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The film Still Alice tells the story of a linguistics professor diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. The director shows us the heroine’s and her family’s feelings and how important it is to provide worthy help caring for the patient. The film describes the disease process from its inception, which allows the viewer to see the complete picture of the events. The woman lived a happy life, made a career being a teacher, and gave birth to three children; hence her memory loss was an absolute disaster. Alice began to forget the words, but the reality had to be recognized and reconciled not only to the heroine but to her loved ones. The first symptom that made the woman understand something wrong is forgetting words and routes. She is a linguistics professor at Columbia University and is faced with the challenge of finding the right audience. In the class, she misremembers the lecture topic and then asks the students if anyone remembers what the lesson is about today. Several people raise their hands and remind the subject to the teacher, which allows her to get out of the awkward situation. After that, Alice decides to see a doctor who does many tests since the chance of a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is low because of age. Alice went through a lot of stress, while her main asset is her brain. She is a scientist who loves to develop, learn something new and look for original solutions. Most of all, she was afraid to forget the main things in her life, so she made notes on the phone with questions. It can be argued that all areas of her life have been affected, the first of which is her career. When the management found out about the heroine’s illness, they were forced to fire her. The next is the family, which suffered both mentally and physically since the disease is inherited. Alice left all critical areas of life, such as society, since she could not take care of herself. The illness puts solid psychological pressure on a person because they cannot cope with basic needs. The family was shocked when they found out about Alzheimer’s disease but accepted and helped the heroine. After several preliminary single consultations, Alice came with her husband to find out at the doctor’s appointment. Later, they informed the children, who were very surprised, and tried to find out the details. The descendants of the heroine are very different; the older daughter is diligent, plans children with her husband, the son constantly changes girls, and the youngest does not want to get a higher education. The emphasis is on the relationship with Lydia since the mother often clashed with her daughter before the illness. In the middle of the progression of the disease, Alice accidentally read her diary, which caused another quarrel. In the end, Lydia stayed to look after her mother, reading a book in the park with indulgence and love. The family understands and shares Alice’s feelings, which is reflected in almost every dialogue and scene. The nurse makes a signif
Introduction There are several legal risks to businesses that operate in the UAE. Legal risks arise when the interpretation of part of the law creates uncertainty for businesses. There are five categories of legal risks. They include contractual risk, non-contractual rights risk, non-contractual obligations, dispute risk, and legislative risk (Berwin Leighton Paisner 8). Four of the risks exist in the UAE’s business environment. There is a reduced risk of non-contractual rights risk because there are several parts of the law that protect intellectual property. One of the legal business risks emerges when contracts are signed between foreign entities and local agents. It is a form of contractual risk. There is a difficulty in changing local agents. The UAE poses contractual risks due to the difficulty encountered when enforcing contracts. The average cost, as a percentage of the claim, is high. It also takes a long time to enforce contracts when a resolution has been sought from the courts. For a limited liability company (LLC), the liability of the managers may be extended to their assets. It occurs when they fraudulently engage in business with another entity. Directors have to provide the actual financial position of the firm to be protected under the limited liability provision. The UAE is a member of the Israeli products boycott agreement. It raises a business risk for American entities operating in the UAE because the U.S. prohibits the boycott for firms under its jurisdiction. Among other risks, there is the risk that foreigners are not allowed to control firms operating in the mainland. It reduces the ease that they can implement strategies that can help their businesses have a better performance. The Civil Code and Commercial Companies Law (CCL) expect firms to act in good faith. Analysis Legal risks arise when the impact of a piece of legislation poses threats to businesses. In some cases, there are parts of the law that are unclear about certain aspects of engaging in business. Berwin Leighton Paisner (8) discusses five categories of legal risks that may arise from the law. Legislative risk occurs when business is not aware of certain parts of the law. It is likely to occur when parts of the law are amended frequently. Legislative risk is also associated with regulations that may affect business operations negatively. Contractual risk is associated with the ability to enforce contracts. Non-contractual rights risk refers to the risk associated with the enforcement of intellectual property, such as copyrights, patents, and trademarks (Berwin Leighton Paisner 8). In the UAE, certain copyrights are automatically owned without the need for registration. In cases where the issue has not been addressed properly in the law, non-contractual obligations risks arise. Firms are expected to act in a manner that can be aligned with the spirit of the law. Dispute risk occurs when businesses’ operations fail to adhere to the agreements made during conflict resolution (Berwin Leighton Paisner 8). One of the lega
Introduction In the article “Mobile Commerce Technology” by Chung-wei Lee, Wen-Chen Hu and Jyh-haw Yeh, the authors set out to discuss the mobile commerce technology on business. Mobile commerce technology has emerged as a distinct and important entity influencing the traditional business environment significantly. This technology promises to revolutionalize the manner in which business is carried out thereby changing the businesses world profoundly. An understanding of the technology that makes mobile commerce possible is therefore important. Paper Summary The paper begins by highlighting how the World Wide Web revolutionalized commerce and paved the way for electronic commerce. It notes how advances in mobile networks have made possible mobile commerce. In a few years, mobile commerce has gained ground with millions of users engaging in e-commerce activities using their mobile devices. The article goes on to describe a mobile commerce system, which involves a wide range of disciplines and technologies. The major components of the system are mobile commerce applications, mobile stations, mobile middleware, wireless networks, wired networks, and host computers. An explanation of how the six components work together following the submission of a request by a mobile user is provided. The mobile commerce application provides the client-side and server-side programs that will be used. The mobile station relays user requests to the other components in the system and displays the results of the processing to the end user. The mobile middleware makes the interaction between the internet contents and the mobile station seamless. It does this by supporting a wide range of software standards and operating systems thereby making it possible for mobile stations to understand a wide variety of content. Mobile middleware also enhances security by providing some encryption standards for communication. Wireless networks are networks that use radio waves for communication. They make use of the wireless access point or a base station to deliver user requests. Wired networks are not a mandatory component for the mobile commerce system but they may be used by the server computers that are used to process user requests. The host computer is the machine that has software that processes the user requests. Considering the wide scope of each individual component, the authors proceed to explain the elements in components that are related to mobile commerce. The first element is mobile commerce applications and this many of these applications have been deve
The readings under consideration dwell upon the nature of conflicts on an international scale with an emphasis on the confrontation between Western and Eastern societies. The authors address the viewpoint that Islam is one of the major causes of conflicts which took place in the world lately (including 9/11 and other terroristic attacks). However, the authors also claim that religion has little to do with the real causes of numerous wars. The researchers provide other reasons. Thus, they claim that resources and power have been the only reasons for various conflicts. The authors also note that religion has become one of the “banners” under which people could try to pursue their goals (chase for resources or power). The major point of the both readings is that the authors claim that Islam (or any other religion) cannot be regarded as a cause of wars and conflicts, as the real reason is chase for resources and power. This viewpoint is manifested in the following sentences: Without Islam, the face of the Middle East still remains complex and conflicted. Struggles over power, territory, influence, and trade existed long before Islam arrived. (Fuller 48) The sentences mentioned above are critical for both readings as they reveal the major ideas of the two works. Islam in this passage stands for any religion that has ever existed in the world. The authors rightfully note that people often use such notions as religion, identity, race, ethnicity, etc. to win more power over others. The authors claim that conflicts should be regarded as an inevitable part of the human society. Interestingly, Said provides a possible explanation why religion (Islam, to be more precise) is often regarded as a cause of a conflict: there is a “downright ignorance” which involves “presuming to speak for a whole religion or civilization” (Said n.p.). The authors depict cases when groups of fanatics started conflicts pursuing their goals. Many people tend to conclude that people sharing the same religion (or any other traits) can act in the same way as those fanatics. Therefore, numerous prejudices arise in that way. The sentences quoted above do not simply advocate Islam, but reveal major causes of conflicts. Likewise, the papers under consideration deal with some real causes of conflicts. These reasons for aggression are power, territory, natural resources, etc. The authors articulate the idea that people often confront each other to win more resources. The passage cited enumerates the major causes of conflicts. Apart from enumerating the major reasons for conflicts, the passage also reveals another important point of the two readings, i.e. conflicts have taken place since the creation of first human societies (trib
Thesis The issue of abortion is controversial in numerous contexts. Even though it receives criticism from various groups, women should be allowed to decide on whether to abort or not. This should be a personal choice. This paper supports the issue of abortion based on research and critical scrutiny of the matter. However, other opposing arguments have been provided to defend why abortion should be prohibited. Women who have ever had unplanned pregnancy can testify why abortion should be legalized. Most people perceive fetus as a living human being. Hence, it is murderous to kill a fellow human being regardless of his or her age (Procon.org., 2012). Nonetheless, abortion should be legalized because it is every woman’s choice to have a child or not. Argument Some women conceive accidentally; however, it should be their choice whether to carry the pregnancy to term or not. People should be given chance to exercise their personal rights and make critical decisions that concerns life. As stated in the American Journal of Psychiatry, abortion is a medical procedure. In this context, physicians should respect the patient’s right to freedom of choice. Meaning that no matter the stance on the clinic, the public, or the government, it is every woman’s right to choose whether or not to give birth. External influences are not necessary in this context. This is a vital consideration. Women should not practice abortion just because they do not want to take responsibility for their actions. However, making abortion illegal will make people to raise children when they are not prepared to do so. Some women or parents are not ready to provide their children with all the love and development they deserve. The child will be raised in an unloving home and become a person who does not know how to love. Perhaps, such children might develop unwanted behaviors or become criminals. Statistics indicate that most pregnancies are unintended. Pregnancy requires well-scrutinized considerations, preparation, as well as planning. Logically, why illegalize something that may help a person so much? Concurrently, children conceived out of rape or incest can be considered highly “unwanted’. It is vital to establish, ratify, and embrace modest abortion reforms to have a significant effect on the matter. If the child is unwanted by the person who is supposed to love him or her the most, why would you force someone into this circumstance? No one should endure the shame and humiliation of the traumatic event of rape or incest by bearing and rearing child who was the outcome of it (Procon.org., 2012). If a mother is denied an abortion due to its illegality, that mother then will be forced to go through the pregnancy, the labor, the birth, and the raising of an unwanted child. What a disgrace? Another reason why abortion should be legalized is that women still sneak to do it even if it has been illegalized. Consequently, some go to unspecialized health parctioners who do not do it perfectly and successfully. In fact, some women have died due to unsuccessf
“Some goods are so necessary, there are no substitutes for them. Gasoline is one of such example. No matter what the price people still have to travel to work.” The gasoline demand is always high because it is one of the products that have no substitutes. Despite the efforts to find a substitute for gasoline, the demand is not decreasing. According to a recent study, about one out of every forty cars in the U.S. can run on a mix of gasoline and ethanol made from corn. However, drivers are not in a hurry to switch to the new fuel. When prices for gasoline increase, consumers are more likely to find alternative ways to travel (airplanes or buses). One of the ways to reduce gasoline consumption is to plan traveling: go on vacation with friends, drive one car, and eliminate unnecessary rides. The main point is that gasoline price has a direct impact on consumer spending but little influence on the amount of gasoline purchased. For example, if gasoline price increases, consumers will spend less on vacations, electronics, entertainment, while maintaining the same consumption level of gasoline. Gasoline is inelastic good – when the price changes quantity demanded does not. In the long run, increased gasoline prices may lead to the elimination of driving vacations and the purchase of automobiles with better gas mileage. According to economic research, every one-cent increase in gasoline price leads to a decline by one billion dollars in other areas. This happens because of the so-called “Multiplier Effect” – a small increase in the price of one product (gasoline) leads to a big increase in consumption of another product (entertainment). Therefore, inelastic demand, absence of substitutes, and lack of opportunity to change the lifestyle make gasoline consumers dependant on gasoline supply. Insignificant price changes do no lead to changes in consumption. Anything worth doing is worth doing well According to Douglas W. Allen, the principle of maximization is the most fundamental idea in the economy (ch. 6, p. 28). All economic models assume that consumers are maximizing and if goods are freely available consumers demand more than is supplied. Greed is the only source of motivation, as believed by economists. Every product is developed to improve consumer’s life and to fulfill desires. Good products increase an individual’s utility: the principle of maximization stands for giving customers as much utility as possible. In most cases, the need for the specific product is artificially increased through marketing efforts. Following the principle of maximization, any product or service worth of doing is worth doing well because the demand for this product or service will be always high. Consumers seek products they need or want. Most of the products sold today belong to the “want” category: consumers do not need these products but they want them because of different factors. Recalling the creat
Sidney Hillman was born in Zagreb, Lithuanian on March 23, 1887, in a semi-Jewish family. He was the son of Schumer Hillman, a merchant, and Judith Paik in, a shopkeeper. As a Lithuanian-American, he becomes an active labor leader. He was sent away to study rabbinate in a Jewish seminary in 1901. At 14, he joined Jewish Bund, a radical workers’ organization group devoted to trading unionism and socialism that led him to drop school after less than a year. His illegal Jewish trade union got him arrested twice, spending several months in Czarist prisons. After the revolution of the 1905 failure, he left for England then to Chicago in 1907 for fear of a post-revolutionary wave that could have suppressed Russia. He became the founder of the Industrial Organization congress and he also played a major role in reshaping national labor for employees and welfare legislation of workers during the New Deal (Fraser, 1991). Union Career He then arrived in Chicago, the United States of American, and went into an apprentice fabric cutter that dealt in manufacturing men’s clothing. Three years later, he conspired with his employees to go on strike on the leaders of United Garment Workers of America (UGWA) that was mistreating workers. Hillman actively participated in the workers’ organization union and socialism as a business agent that taught him “Power is always seized, never bestowed”. After Hillman successfully created the UGWA, he moved to International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU). In 1914 he moves to New York to serve as a chief clerk for arbitration machinery for the union. Workers in the garment factory (UGWA) were dissatisfied with the company’s traditional policies. The revolt exploded in 1914 when the immigrant tailors resign from UGWA to form their union known as Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (ACWA). These organizations did not sit well with the American Federation of Labor (AFL) because the union retracted the workers away from the UGWA, which was an American Federation of Labor affiliate (Fraser, 1991). Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (ACWA) ACWA union existed outside the dominant labor movement. Hillman’s active participation in the ACWA as a leader helped flourish the union. During 19202, when most of the American trade unions were collapsing, ACWA went through numerous activities, from insurance to cooperative housing projects, Russia-America Industrial Corporation to labor markets and unemployment that could have led to its closure but it survived anyway. The union also availed extensive education programs for its members. With all these activities, Hillman gained a reputation as the “labor statesman”. However, he failed to re
The basic nature of employee-employer interaction is dictated by the nature of exchange in the employment relationship. An employment relationship is a contract based on a mutually agreed on, voluntary made exchange of promises. In this exchange, each party stands to gain if the exchange agreement is fulfilled and again, each party loses if it is not (Spielberger, 2008, p. 494) A contract is always born from between the employer and employee when the employee agrees the terms of employment in which case the acceptance may entail paperwork or just a word of mouth. There are three elements to the contract: offer, an “acceptance,” and consideration, which typically takes the form of a “promise by the employee to perform services in exchange for the promise by the employer to pay for such services” (Reid and Standryk, 2004) The employment relationship is usually documented in a contract of employment which can be a written statement contains certain terms and conditions regarding a given job. However, it necessarily does not have to be in writing, in which case it is called a psychological contract. The basic indication of the existence of an employment contract is the consent of both the employee and the employer to fulfill their obligations, with the former willing to work with expectation of compensation from the latter. It is from this contract that the basis for the relationship between the two parties is drawn, with the contract giving both parties certain rights and obligations called contractual terms, which should complement the rights enjoyed under the statutory labor laws, for example, the right to paid annual leave. Here, an introduction into the content and nature of the employment relationship is given, followed by a definition of the written contract of employment, expounding on the statutory rights, formation, and termination. In addition, the psychological contract of employment is discussed which includes its formation and breach. Key Differences between Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment The main difference between a written and psychological contract lies on how they are made such that, a written contract is always documented and provides duties and responsibilities in a generalized form, while psychological contract involves perceive obligation on the part of both employer and employee. In this case, a written contract will require have specific wording regarding the responsibilities of either party as well as terms of the contract while a psychological contract will only entail reasonable judgement about responsibilities one should undertake. According to Robinson (1996), Psychological contracts tend to be primarily subjective as they depend on what either party to the contract believes is contained in the promise, in which case both parties may have contradicting interpretation. On the other hand, written contracts are objective and clearly stated in the contract form such that both parties expect the same results from the contract. Due to
Who makes up the Value Delivery Network for Ddb? What roles do they play? Clos du Bois winery has been rated as one of the best producers of wine. This is attributed to the fact that they take pride in their products and also ensure that the consumers get the best offer on the table. The company has established a reliable supply chain to make its products available to consumers. It has further maintained a competitive edge through its solidified relationship with the key suppliers and retailers. The value delivery network entails a correlation in the downstream supply chain to realize the goal of the distribution (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). The network process in Clos du Bois winery streams from the company itself to the distributors and finally down to the retail