ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Peace is a concept that refers to a state of harmonious balance and understanding among different parties. It shows the absence of conflicts and war by creating calmness, security, and coexistence among various individuals. Over the years, the understanding of the concept of peace has changed significantly. Many scholars define peace as a vital concept in any society in terms of its development. The paper compares the works of Smoker and Galtung based on their conception of peace. The study concludes by stating the views of peace by different individuals as well as the writer’s opinion on the same. The study of these two scholars is vital in the deep understanding of peace as a social science. Analysis of Peace The articles Social Cosmology and the Concept of Peace and Small Peace , which are authored by Galtung and Smoker respectively, provide a firm basis for studying the meaning of peace. In his book Social Cosmology and the Concept of Peace , Galtung focuses on the concept of peace from different dimensions. He explains it as a positive and negative concept, east and west notion, oriental and west concept, and a material and non-material idea (Galtung 187). Through the comparison of these dimensions, the meaning of peace becomes explicit. On the other hand, Smoker also explains the concept of peace from a different dimension by criticizing some of Galtung’s conceptions on the same such as structural violence. In his journal titled Small Peace , Smoker perceives peace from a small-scale or collective level as opposed to a macro level (Smoker 153). The spiritual understanding of peace is of intense significance to many people since it reveals why peace constitutes a fundamental pillar of most spiritual lessons. Galtung explains peace by making east and west religious comparisons on the meaning of the concept. The western people view peace from the religious perspective of Abraham and Islam while their eastern counterparts base it on Buddhism, Hinduism, Sinduism, and Confucianism. Galtung focuses on religious thoughts in explaining how human beings should peacefully coexist with each other just as the religion emphasizes. Religious aspects such as calmness, agreement, as well as stillness form vital themes in religious views of Islam and Buddhism among others. However, Christians perceive tranquility as the condition of intellect via which they acknowledge the significance of deity through faith just as Abraham did. These conceptions form the dimension of religious peace. In addition, Galtung explains peace from the west and orients’ viewpoint that focuses on peace as a concept of harmony and serenity (Galtung 184). Orients perceive peace from an individual level as internal
In the novel “Light in August” by William Faulkner, the conflicts experienced by Joe Charismas as well as his personal qualities are used by the author to unfold the theme of fatal tragedy, loneliness, and alienation in the world full of hostility. Joe Christmas is undoubtedly a tragic character and can be regarded as an antisocial element – a thief, a killer, and a smuggler. Although it is possible to perceive him as a bad person, the analysis of Christmas’ character and the adverse episodes, in which he is represented as the main actor, reveal that he is not more than a victim of the unfavorable social environment and his own controversial nature which he is incapable of coping with. The life of Joe Christmas is literally strung on the categories others try to assign to him and which he is obliged to follow – “part nigger” (Faulkner 38). His mother was eighteen years old when she met a man from a traveling circus. She told her father that the man was a Mexican, but the old man “knew somehow that the fellow [Christmas] had nigger blood” (151). Joe Christmas was not born as a black person, yet he needed to find out why he was considered a black man. The label “nigger” was prepared for Joe before his birth. Thus, when he was a child, he commenced to ask complex questions and wonder how this non-white part of his individuality, the presence of which he cannot prove or disprove, is woven into his life. Initially, Christmas fluctuates between the races as he vaguely realizes that the white and the black blood is mixed in him, and attempts to achieve salvation trying to live according to the inner call of the soul. However, this call of his mixed blood provokes multiple internal conflicts which lead the character to self-destruction. Christmas could find salvation in the renunciation of all forms of kinship, but he feels an implicit, subconscious attraction to his informal blood brothers although they consider him a white man and cast him out when Christmas appears in the black neighborhood. At the same time, Joe hates white people, and this hatred motivates him to commit two murders. In this way, Joe Christmas can be regarded as a symbol of a tragic restlessness, riot, challenging the spiritual constraints, and subconscious revenge to the world that caused many suffering befallen on his black ancestors through the fault of white people. Christmas is the prisoner of his awful memories about his wrecked life full of deprivations and humiliation. But this “nigger bastard” also serves as a keeper of collective memory transferred by past generations, although he does not understand why the aggression and rebelliousness boil in him (Faulkner 52). But the answer to Christmas’ questions is formulated by Miss Burden, his last victim, in her monolog about “the black shadow in the shape of a cross” which falls on the faces of all white newborns de
Abstract Emirates Airlines is a major global air transport company that is based in Dubai, UAE. The company’s operations cause significant impacts in terms of environmental degradation. The company has established an environmental policy that seeks to highlight its commitment in addressing its associated carbon footprint. These policies and statements, however, have no impact in assisting the company to curb environmental degradation that is caused by its operations. Instead, Emirates continues to cause grave environmental effects each year. The engine combustion of aircrafts emits carbon dioxide (CO 2) , as well as other gases like nitrogen oxides (NOx) and water vapour. CO 2 and water vapour are greenhouse gases that are responsible for the increasing global warming phenomenon. This causes a rise in earth temperatures beyond the average. The greenhouse gases remain trapped in the atmosphere for long durations, thus allowing the ultraviolet rays from the sun to reach the earth surface. Emirates operations also cause noise pollution that affects residents living near Dubai Airport and those living near all the other airports that are served by the airlines. The environmental policy by the company falls short of addressing the actual problem because Emirates has no direct say in the technology applied by aircrafts manufacturers. Thus, the company is only a consumer of readymade technology and cannot purport to alter the technology through its internal policies to achieve zero impact on environmental footprint. Introduction Literature review The growth and emergence of the United Arab Emirates’ aviation industry dates back to about four decades ago when the Dubai Airport was opened for the first time. A series of initiations and developments have continuously been witnessed within the industry, further propelling it to the greater international heights that are evident today. In 1968, another of the Emirates’ airports opened its doors in Abu Dhabi. The airport was referred to as “Al Bateen Airport” (Jain para. 10). The Ras Al Khaimah airport became operational eight years after the inauguration of the Abu Dhabi Airport in 1976, adding to the limited number of airport facilities that existed in the country back then (Jain para 64). However, 1985 witnessed a landmark development in the country’s aviation industry when the Emirates airline was born. The great journey to global stardom of the Emirates Airlines had begun with a paltry capital of $10 million and two aircrafts. The company was started in Dubai, which remains to be its headquarters to date (O’Connell 339). The Etihad Airways, which is UAE’s national flag carrier, entered the country’s aviation industry in 2003. Unlike Emirates Airlines, Etihad has its home in Abu Dhabi, which is also considered to be the capital of the UAE. According to expert estimates,
Background Young people who ‘age out’ of foster care are often forced to leave the same place they had known as home and step into an uncertain environment. The security that often comes with the foster care is no longer available since such young people are expected to live autonomously. Without proper help (e.g. through income earning opportunities), the young people face significant barriers in the social and environmental transition, something that makes them vulnerable to multiple healthcare concerns (English, Stinnett and Dunn-Georgiou 1). Many such young adults find themselves “with little, if any, financial, medical, or social support”, and as a result, many are prone to criminality, mental illnesses, and inability to function independently and productively in society (Bruskas 71). Generally, young people who have aged out of foster care register “compromised health; mental disorders; substance abuse; sexual risk behaviors; pregnancy; physical and sexual abuse; and malnourishment” (English et al. 2). Most of the identified health issues jeopardize the young people’s ability to integrate well with the rest of the society, and in most cases, it also affects their sense of worthiness. The aforementioned factors lead to poor mental health, which is made evident by the high rates of depression, and other mental disorders among young adults who have aged out of foster care. Notably, some of the issues that pose increasing challenges to the subject young people include the lack of income earning opportunities especially because their education levels are insufficient to get well paying blue collar jobs; those who would wish to pursue further education lack the financial support to do so; those who have income lack the knowledge to manage their finances well. Having lived in foster care for the better part of their childhood, most young adults lack housekeeping skills, whi
Abstract Change in technology is always rapid businesses need to adapt to this rapid change. In this proposal the issues relating to the Technology management will be viewed and discussed. Under study will be seven primary drivers that are responsible for bringing about changes in the 21 st Century. These are Education and Training, Technology, Changes of structure of organization, Changes in the business Environment, Strategic direction of the Industry, Financial structure and Integration and collaboration. Introduction Technology affects just about everything, may it be business, individual, nature or society. Hence the advancement of technology would have a direct bearing upon wealth and the quality of living. The decline of the corporations in the US was also attributed to the failure of businesses in recognizing the change in technology and because of the failure of the organizations to manage the drastic change within their businesses in accordance to change in technology (Dorf, 1999). The problems that were inherent in the organizations were managerial problems, failure of organizations to recognize the power of technology, failure of use and extent of the technology and failure of technology turnaround into end product. The global financial crisis and the technology stocks in respect to the stock market are indicators towards research and the newer concepts development in the field of technology management (Megantz, 2002). Background Technology brings about change and this change has a direct bearing on all the sectors and hence also affects the economy. Some consider technology as machinery that spins growth. The management of the technology is very important as it’s a doorway to international trade. Moreover technology management can only be achieved with a detailed knowledge of its contents. Technology management is all about use of technology in an intelligent manner and grasping the opportunities that it provides to bring about change. Significance of the problem Many countries were a target of market share downfall. This was attributed to the failure of the majority of the companies to relate to the increasing shift of the technology. Most of the organizations failed to incorporate and upgrade their businesses according to the technology change. This resulted in their lagging behind and the overall growth decreased. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to provide information that relates to the need of technology management. To have in depth knowledge of the affects it produces if any on the business organizations or the industry. Research Questions   * How do the educational Institut
Phineas Taylor Barnum was a showman, businessman scam artist, and entertainer. He is recognized globally for coming up with a phrase he used most of the times. Motivated Sequence originates from the idea that by obeying standard human thinking processes, the audiences are inspired to retort positively to the intentions of the speaker. P.T. Barnum was known to be the greatest American Showman, and this was one way of attracting and relating with his audience (Weiner, 1980). He embraced a democratic nation, and this inspired his audience and the entire American society. Attention The most vital thing is gaining attention from the audience; P.T. Barnum used quotes which attracted his audience’s attention. Barnum was able to draw attention from his audience through different techniques, such as relating with the audience, showing the importance of the topic, arousing curiosity or suspense, using quotation relevant to the topic, and making startling statements. He always safeguarded attention by extending beyond normal prospects limits. Moreover, he tried portraying to his audience the globe is filled with opportunity and wonder. Phineas Taylor Barnum utilized offensive maneuvers and swindles during the promotional intentions. His key interest was always to ensure unique value to consumers. He was strongly against charlatans, as well as chemers, that robed people of their money. Barnum tirelessly worked in every angle, to direct the attention of the public towards his offerings (Monroe, 1975). Need The interest and attention of the audience must be captured by the person giving the motivation speech. P.T. Barnum felt the need for change. He always stated his needs clearly during his show time or speeches. Barnum was an influential thinker. When people discouraged him from forging ahead with his plans, he never quitted but simply resolved to engage in greater plans. For interest to come out there must be a clear description of the problem. P.T. Barnum always utilized quotes and testimony to emphasize on the urgency of the need. Need has a direct impact on the audience, their safety, satisfaction, wellbeing, as well as other interests. Satisfaction The satisfaction step entails the provision of an answer or reference to the challenge. P.T. Barnum showed how the solution to the problem would work. He acknowledged the actions that the audience needs to adopt. Through his struggle without giving up, his plans worked effectively. Using the Museum in educative amusements, family activities, and informative instructions consequently made Barnum’s American Museum a shrine. The shrine was utilized for progressing music public awareness and nature’s phenomena. This was together with fine arts literature,
Introduction EFG Amalgamated Ltd. LLC or simply EFG is a two year old business offering tools which help enhance telecommunications, also known as audgets. The business targets both business markets which utilize audio capabilities as well as consumers who purchase the product for personal computers installations. Like any other technology, the products have limitations such as quality of transmission being affected by the number of users participating in a single transmission, and users not being able to install them well. For this reason, the business needs to find an avenue which will help it increase its market size as well as educate clients on how to install and use the products. One of the avenues for this is Second Life. Second life is a web based program with limitless possibilities for businesses intending to establish their presence in a market and interact with their customers. Its effectiveness as a marketing avenue is evident by the number of multinational corporations such as Dell who have so far established a virtual presence in Second life. EFG has a wide range of options to choose from in Second Life, all which are effectiv
Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that occurs during the early development of children. It is whereby an individual has both attentional issues and experiences hyperactivity. Both of these behaviours occur separately and infrequently. They may start to occur earlier than seven years of age. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most studied psychiatric disorders in children. It is believed to affect approximately five percent of children around the world. This disorder may be chronic as it extends to the victim’s adulthood. The symptoms of the disorder are usually similar to those of other disorder and this increases the risks of misdiagnosing it or missing it all together. The treatment of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder requires proper training. Many clinicians have not received formal training for treating the adults suffering from the disorder and this is one of the drawbacks. Adults and adolescents suffering from this disorder normally develop compensation mechanisms (accommodations) for their problems. A large number of populations around the world live successfully with the disorder. Some studies suggested that boys are more frequently diagnosed with the disorder than girls are. However, it is disputable that this irregularity is caused by the subjective biasness of the teachers. ADHD may be managed using a combination of interventions. They range from medicine administration, lifestyle changes, counselling and behavioural modifications. Toby has been diagnosed with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, behaviour disorder and lack of decoding skills. This has caused him to have disruptive behaviour in class. He also has problems learning and does not complete assignments. Some of the other social problems that Toby experiences include being teased for being a short boy and wearing large glasses. He is also over active and this makes students laugh at him and tease him even more. It is important that he receives help from the teachers and parents so that some of his behaviours (disruptive and inappropriate behaviour) can be minimized. This would also be important in order to ensure that he is able to learn and complete the assigned class work. Issues faced by the student Toby has been determined to have issues with decoding (lack of decoding skills). This is common in people suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This is because the disorder is associated with major deficits in executive functions. The student lacks the ability to perform cognitive functions that are necessary to perform problem solving. Research suggests that children suffering from the disorder are slow and experience more varied response speeds when it comes to performing tasks that require reasoning (decoding skills) (Shanahan, Yerys, & Willcutt, 2006). Toby has been teased for being over active. This is one of the signs and symptoms of attention defi
Introduction The economic growth of any country depends on the revenues and expenditure. Revenue is public finance, and it is the economic effect of public expenditure. Public expenditure is of paramount importance in any economy as it injects money into the economy for circulation. In an economy that is experiencing a deficit, for example, the government responds by employing fiscal policy, where it increases its expenditure. This action increases the demand for labor and consequently relieves the poor by creating job opportunities (Goldston, 2008). In so doing, there is a reduction of taxes, as they are objections to borrowings and investments. The aforementioned descriptions are simply economic theories. However, the government economists have a specific role to ensure that the economy is growing positively; else, deficits would be experienced in an economy rendering it insufficient. This paper will give a stringent analysis of the financial plan of New York City (New York, 2012). The city has given a summary of his financial plan for the financial years 2012-2016. A summary of its revenue and expenditure are predicted for the year 2016 and a budget justification proposal is necessary. Total revenues vs. total expenditures The New Yolk City receives its greatest revenue from taxes i.e. general property tax, tax audit revenue, and other taxes. Other forms of revenue for the New York City arise from federal grants and miscellaneous revenues. Like any other state, New York City spends a greater percentage of its revenue on personal services including salaries and wages, pensions, fringe benefits, medical assistance, and other transfers. With this in mind, it is obvious that any state that has more expenditure than income runs at a deficit, thus it has a gap to be closed (Napolitano, 2011). On the other hand, if a state has more revenue than expenditure, then it is economically sufficient (Goldston, 2008). Developmental projects can consume the extra amount or the amount carried forward to the following year. The following table gives a summary of the total revenues, total expenditures, and annual growth rates over the years 2011-2016. Total Annual revenue/ expenditure & growth rates  FY2012  FY2013  FY2014  FY2015  FY2016 Total revenue ($)                                 68,039  68,501  69,703  72,111  74,081 Revenue growth rate                               –       0.679   1.755   3.455   2.732  Total expenditure ($)                             68,039  68,501  72,211  75,228  77,151 Expenditure growth rate                           –       0.679   5.416   4.178   2.556   Annual revenue growth rate   * FY2012 = –   * FY2013 = {(68501-68039) /68039} *100 =0. 679