ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Computer Forensics and IDS Computer forensics is a “discipline that combines some elements of law and computer science to collect and analyze data from computer systems, networks, wireless communications, and storage devices in a way that is admissible as evidence in a court of law” (Casey, 2000, p. 23). One of the tools used in the acquisition of this data is Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Intrusion detection refers to the process of “discovering or determining the existence, presence, or fact of the wrongful entering upon seizing or taking possession of the property of another” (Bace, 1998, p. 28). In a forensics survey, some of the facts include the log files, which provide evidence of “…the number of times, as well as the specific time and duration” (Bace, 1998, p. 28). The exists a significant relationship between computer forensics and IDS. Whereas computer forensics refers to the entire investigation process that is necessary upon the discovery of the commission of a computer crime, IDS are just a piece of this investigation puzzle. In this age of globalization and revolutionized computers, an organization or corporation must equip itself just in case. A wise move would be to apply a multilayered security plan to secure one’s network or systems. IDS form just one of the necessary components of such a system. In computer forensics, IDS tools and technologies play a critical role in obtaining information on who logged into the system, when and why (Chau, 2008, p. 55). They also serve to gauge the time and nature of an attack or threat, as well as the source of the attack. However, for an IDS tool to show the source and or the exact point of initiation of an attack, there is a need to use the contribution of other applications and files together. Case study The server for Sun Solaris provides a real example of the above expositions where IDS contributed to a forensic investigation based on the then evident compromise. It is on a “production network using an exploit for the dtspcd service in CDE; a Motif-based graphical user environment for Unix systems” (Neville, 2011, p. 2). The forensic investigation aimed at establishing who the attacker was and what he/she wanted in the system. Of fastidious interest is the tool used to develop “dtspcd ‘buffer overflow vulnerability’, which must have allowed the attacker a remote access into the system” (Kelly, 2006, p. 57). The security engineer used a Snort dual detaining file to carry out a close examination of all IDS catches. The investigation was only half-successful but even then, not to the finer details. The engineer deciphered up to what commands the attacker had used to hack in through a backdoor. He was not able to determine who the hacker was although he determined what file he had taken from the system. The reason for this is the signature-based system that IDSs use. This prevents investigat
Abstract The medieval period focuses on interesting fashion trends in clothing. It is also connected with the social and political influences shaping the vision on clothing and its role in history. In the paper, two historic styles are discussed to define the role of medieval history and gothic style in understanding modern interpretation of the garment. The revival of the historic styles is predetermined by its functionality, aestheticism, and occurring fashion trends. In particular, the revival of tunic as the garment for females is discovered by its functionality whereas the gothic dress is more connected to the upheaval of the romanticism. In this respect, the paper is divided into two parts discussing the garment and explaining its modern interpretation and purpose. More importantly, it also highlights descriptions and historic context within which the clothing styles have been formed. Medieval Period: Tunic Description of the Garment The medieval tunic looks like a large T-shirt. It was the most common type of clothing for both women and men originating from artisan classes. Male tunics reached crotch and thing in length; older men wore knee-length tunics (Diehl & Donnelly, 2011). Women’s tunic length can range from thigh to knee, but older women prefer wearing longer tunics. Issues to be Discussed:   * History of emergence of tunic;   * Different forms and fabrics used in tailoring the garment (Netherton & Owen-Crocker, 2012);   * Social status and appropriateness of the tunic for the season;   * Other meanings and applications of the garment; Modern Interpretation of Medieval Tunic Description of the Garment Although the garment does not have similar social and historic context, the tunic is popular in the fashion world, particularly among women. The changing context also refers to the style and fabric used for making this item. Despite the shifts in trends, women’s tunic can still have elements reminding of the medieval epoch. Specific attention should be given to loose sleeves and forms concealing the silhouette. Issues to be Discussed   * Highlighting the differences between the medieval concept and context and the modern vision of the tunic;   * Discussing reasons and underpinnings for the revival of historical style;   * Impact of new fashion style: aestheticism vs. practical importance; Gothic Dress for Women Description of the Garment Despite the fact that the Gothic style is well distinguished from other historic styles, it contains eclectic elements (Taylor, 2004). In particular, it skillfully combines sensibility, beauty, and simplicity of the dress due to the employment of sumptuous fabrics, such as brocades and velvets. In addition, the gothic garment was usually presented in a black color pallet, which also introduces a specific meaning and style during this period. Issues which need to be discussed:   * Gothic style as represented in
Introduction The biological theory that crime was a direct product of heredity held that a criminal is born not made. Because behavior is fundamentally a biological phenomenon, it was only natural that it would be linked to a gene-based evolutionary theory (Hollin, 1989). Osborn and West (1979), for example, found that about 40 percent of the sons of criminal fathers were criminals themselves, compared with a figure of 13 percent for sons of non-criminal fathers. However, according to Hollin, apart from family criminality and off-spring criminality, there are also environmental causes to criminal behavior. Thus it is not shared genes that cause high correlations in the criminality of family members, but the fact that all the family members had poor schooling, or inadequate diets, or were unemployed, or lived in the same city area, or were of the same social class, and so on. Alternatively, it may be that social and psychological factors within the family are involved in the transmission of criminal values, behavior, and so on. Cesare Lombroso, a nineteenth-century Italian physician, and ‘criminal anthropologist’, argued that criminals had a different kind of genetic constitution. However, Lombroso also invoked the notion of ‘indirect heredity’, suggesting that criminality could be acquired through contact with other ‘degenerates’ such as insane people or alcoholics. Further, in addition to indirect heredity, Lombroso extended his views still wider with the suggestion that environmental conditions such as poor education could also be numbered among the causes of crime. This gave rise to the sociobiological model to explain criminal behavior. The chief exponent of the sociobiological theory is Professor Edward O. Wilson of Harvard University. According to him, in the context of criminal behavior, there are genetically implanted tendencies of human conduct such as aggressivity towards strangers, defense of territory and warfare, desire to dominate, spiteful behavior and deceptive practices, and the incest taboo. Wilson suggests that according to the findings of sociobiological research ideals of justice may not, in fact, be justified. Wilson’s position is however reductionist in character as it discounts man’s spirit and reason through which he has endo
Fig. 1. Movement in Squares (Riley). Bridget Louise Riley was born in London in 1931. She originated from a family of artists. Riley’s early work was figurative and painted in a semi-impressionist style. Only in 1960 did Riley begin to develop her unique style of Op art. Her paintings at that time consisted of black and white geometric ornaments that explained the dynamics of the field of view and disoriented the eye. In 1961 she visited the Vaucluse plateau in the south of France and bought an abandoned farm, which later became her studio. Riley’s first solo exhibition occurred in London in the spring of 1962. Overall, the artist is known for her black-and-white works, which she painted in the 1960s. They are a variety of geometric shapes that create the illusion of movement or color. The art created in 1961 is titled ‘Movement in Squares’. The artist painted a picture measuring 123.2 x 121.2cm applying tempera on a hardboard in London. The picture’s meaning creates a sense of dynamism, which causes the audience imbalance. In this way, the lines seem to move, forcing people to focus on their vision. As a result, personalities realize that the ability to see is valuable, and emotions affect perceptions of the world. The masterpiece particularly impressed me because I can understand the meaning of a picture through emotions. That is, it allows people to perceive the sense based on what they see. Bridget Riley created a picture in which she skillfully manipulates shapes, colors, and patterns. The painting attracts with its depth and sense of movement. The simplicity of these tools forms the genius of the work. Works Cited Riley, Bridget. Movement in Squares . 1961. Arts Council Collection, London. S outhbank Centre. Web.
A person’s character trait is an element of two aspects; biological traits and socialization process endorsed traits. As one grows, the biological traits prevail, but he develops a behavior and a certain mode of doing things as he interacts with other people in society. Personality can thus be defined as those relatively stable and enduring aspects of an individual that distinguish them from other people, making them unique, but which, if time permits, makes comparison among individuals. It is also used to refer to a long-lasting pattern of behavior that an individual portrays. One’s personality is the one that answers the following questions or explains the following situations; why are some people terrified to talk in the public when others enjoy it? Why do some people indulge in dangerous activities when others do not? Why do people react differently when faced with one condition or situation? The answer to all the above questions is the character that someone has that is different from the others (Harles, 2001). From the discussion above, we find that biological traits that a child got from its parent live in him as part and parcel of his/her life until adulthood. There are other socialization characters that a child develops that cannot be altered at any stage in life. However, as people interact, there develops a modification of behavioral traits, it is appreciated that human beings develop a certain mode of behavior from factors arising from socialization right from childhood, and these follow him to adulthood. Our values, beliefs, and morals are largely influenced by the society we live in, culture, and hereditary factors. Societies have different mechanisms that are geared towards re-enforcing certain behavior deemed acceptable. However, as human beings interact with each other, they change their lifestyle or are compelled to change their mode of beliefs, whether consciously or not, a behavior modification, which in most cases, conflicts with previously instilled values occurs. The modification may be conscious. For example, when an individual enrolls in an institution with set rules and guidelines, they are unconditionally required to follow those rules (Freud & Strachey, 1976). Reference List Dumont, F. (2010). A History of Personality Psychology: Theory, Science, and Research from Hellenism to the Twenty-First Century . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Freud, S., and Strachey, J. (1976). The complete psychological work of Sigmund Freud (standard edition) vol. (1-24). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. Harles, C. (2001). Evo
Introduction The business environment of the 21 st century is characterized by its competitive landscape. In these circumstances, there is little or no room for mistakes, and each new idea is to be thoroughly considered. Preliminary research allows entrepreneurs to evaluate the viability and feasibility of their proposal, drafting effective roadmaps for relevant, profitable projects. The United Arab Emirates has been in a state of steady, positive economic development over the past decades, making this country a suitable environment for promising start-ups. An authentic Arabic coffee shop offering local cultural experience combined with healthy snacks and organic coffee of high quality is one of such projects. Its design is expected to correspond to the requirements of the time, and, in the 2010s, the sustainability of a business is a major enabler of success. Accordingly, the coffee place should rely on organic supplies and recycled materials, which, once combined with the cultural and culinary aspects, will assert its competitive advantage. The purpose of this report is to draft a business proposal of an Arabic coffee shop in the United Arab Emirates inspired by the ideas of cultural preservation, service quality, and sustainability. Review of Literature In order to evaluate the risks and opportunities correctly, it is advisable to begin by an examination of secondary sources, providing credible information in regards to the proposal. A review of existing literature was the first stage of the current project. The primary selection criteria comprised the degree of information’s relevance to the context of the discussed idea. It was decided to lay an emphasis on two key aspects of the proposal when conducting research. First of all, it appears necessary to examine the business environment in which the envisioned project is to operate. Therefore, credible Internet resources were searched for verified information concerning the business climate of the United Arab Emirates. Secondly, sustainability and environmental awareness are included as the central concepts of the expected competitive advantage of the project. Accordingly, a review of their significance and prevalence in today’s business activities appeared equally pertinent to the discussion. Business Environment of the United Arab Emirates In today’s globalized world, new opportunities emerge worldwide, prompting entrepreneurs to consider many options. As a result, the possibility of choice entails a situation in which additional attention is devoted to the business climate of particular countrie
Introduction Corrections are government agencies that are responsible for managing the treatment of convicted offenders. Corrections are either run by local, state, or federal governments or classified as maximum, minimum, or medium security level. Primarily, they ensure that the sentences imposed by the criminal justice system are carried out. Corrections officers are the persons entitled to the running of corrections, and as Clear, Cole and Reisig (2006) claim, “corrections are a people processing operation, hence their personnel is the main resource” (p.549). A career in corrections is not appealing to most people as it is thought to be boring, low paying and has minimal chances of advancement (Clear, Cole and Reisig, 2006). One incentive of this job is that it provides its personnel with civil service status and job security. There are two main goals in recruiting and retaining staff in corrections; attracting the right candidates for the job and motivating them once they are employed. They manage offenders through imprisonment, rehabilitation and probation and parole. The main goal of corrections is to rehabilitate people and help them to return to normal lives. In this respect, correctional systems include adult and juvenile offenders, prison systems, probation, and parole and finally community-based rehabilitation. In addition, correction facilities offer education programs, especially in juvenile prisons. The recruitment of correctional officers is faced with several challenges as a result of retention of the qualified and experienced staff is of great importance. Successful corrections are able to deter criminals from future crimes, offer punishment for crimes committed, rehabilitate, and reintegrate the offender back into the community. Moreover, there are different types of correctional centres namely prisons, community services and others. One challenge of recruitment of correctional officers is that this career is not viewed as an occupational field (Josi and Sechrest, 1998, p. 20). In recruiting corrections generally, use three tests for its applicant’s written test, psychological test and agility test (Freeman, 1999, p.311). Job satisfaction is very critical since satisfied workers have higher productivity, higher job retention, and lower rates of absenteeism. This paper seeks to examine ways of recruiting and retaining correctional officers. Recruitment Recruitment of Corrections officers is a daunting task, considering the low visibility of this career, and they need to attract qualified staff employed from all demographic groups (Josi and Sechrest, 1998, p. 20). Recruitment is done when there is a vacant position or when there are potential vacancies in the future. They should set an example to other private and government institutions by giving equal opportunities of employment to qualified ex-convicts. In addition, it is essential to have proper recruitment policies since they will result in a “lower rate of personnel turnover, fewer disciplinary problems, higher morale, better community relations, and efficient and
Introduction Apart from the fact that John McTiernan’s 1988 film Die Hard is being packed with action, there is another aspect to this particular movie that explains its popularity with movie-going audiences in Western countries – the fact that the themes and motifs, explored in it, correlate rather well with rationale-driven workings of Westerners’ mentality. That is, the semantic significance of movie’s plot is being dialectically defined within the context of ‘cause-effect’ perceptional sequence. In its turn, this serves as an undeniable proof to the fact that the style of film’s editing is best described as essentially classical with some elements of a realist editing. In this paper, we will aim to explore such our suggestion at length. Analytical part As we are well aware from reading Giannetti’s (2010) book, one of the foremost purposes of classical editing has always been emphasizing emotionally contextual intensity of movie’s scenes: “Classical cutting involves editing for dramatic intensity and emotional emphasis rather than for purely physical reasons” (p. 138). This is exactly the reason why in classically edited films, directors resort to editing as the tool of accentuating the semantic subtleties of a plot. Even the viewing of few initial single takes in Die Hard substantiates the validity of an earlier suggestion. For example, at the beginning of a scene where the character of officer McClane is being shown arriving to L.A. on the plane, viewers get to be exposed to the sight of McClane clutching to seat’s handles (00.00.45), which in its turn, was supposed to prompt spectators to regard McClane as being somewhat less manly, due to his fear of flying. Nevertheless, the scene’s last take, in which McClane flashes handgun in the holster, underneath his arm, and talks of having served as police officer for eleven years, is being suggestive of something entirely different – namely the fact that McClane is in fact a ‘real man’. Thus, the sequence of these two takes in earlier mentioned scene points out to the fact that their qualitative essence is being concerned with increasing the dramatic effect of viewers’ initial exposal to movie’s main character. Another indication of Die Hard director having chosen in favor of classical editing, revealed in this particular scene, is the fact that the qualitative subtleties of scene’s action are being integrally interwoven with action’s background – in this particular case, the inside of a passenger plane. In the article, where she discusses the specifics of classical editing, Fried (1987) states: “Even if the speakers are represented as being in the same room, the background behind each one ta
Globalization has changed the world’s political and economic systems in a huge way. Globalization outlines that the once conventional, integrated and sequential national economies are no longer in existence and currently global forces dictate the political, economic and social composition of societies (Bonefeld 1). Globalization is now observed to be the new type of capitalism which transcends national interests (Bonefeld 1). The Marxist theory which advocated for a new system of capitalism that transcends nation-states and pursues bourgeoisie across national borders seems to be what globalization enforces today. However, proponents of globalization disagree with Marxist principles because they note that bourgeoisie does not exist and instead, globalization is a new system of capitalism based on different functional aspects (Bonefeld 1). This type of system (globalization) therefore transcends an individual and leaves the working class and bourgeoisie defenseless over its forces. However, with the advent of this new social, economic and political order, a lot of issues seem to follow its adoption. These issues characterize the politics of globalization. Key concerns encompassing these issues rest on social cohesion, environmental concerns, and poverty or wealth creation. In some aspects, globalization has solved the problems associated with unequal capital accumulation because despite the fact that it is based on class, it deals with a classless society (Bonefeld 1). This order has even reduced human capital to a factor of production and nothing more (Bonefeld 1). However, with the advent of globalization systems, social relationships have taken a huge toll and the state has lost its grip on many facets of the society and economy. These issues and many more to a large extent constitute the politics of globalization and they are much deeper than previously thought. However, each country has its own unique sets of concerns. This study therefore carries out an analysis of globalization in Germany and the politics that surround its adoption. Germany’s Philosophy on Globalization The recent German elections point out the fact that many Germans are not contented with globalization (Richter 1). This fact enforces a tendency where Germans wants to cut themselves from the rest of the world by reorienting their political, social and economic systems. The German government is no different either because it seems to be expressing the wishes of its electorates. Evidence can be given of its half-hearted implementation of economic reforms in the past few years (Richter 2). In other words, the economic reforms enhanced by the government are aimed at upholding the achievements of the social market economy at the expense of global progression (Richter 2). However, this new approach by the German government is not bei