ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The idea of attending an actual court session fascinates me as it will allow me to see, first hand, all that we learned in class. The experience will be important as I will have a chance to see all that my career entails thereby enhancing my understanding of the judicial system: my future employer. My first expectation in attending a court session is to learn the different roles of persons normally present in the court during proceedings. These include the judge, lawyers for the complainant and the defendant, court clerk, security personnel, court administrator (bailiff), and a juvenile officer in case the accused is a minor. I will learn how each person plays out his/ her role towards ensuring that the rule of law is upheld. It will be interesting to watch the two sets of lawyers approach the same case from different perspectives and with opposing motives: that of proving the innocence of the defendant and of ensuring that he is punished. Apart from the court staff, I expect to learn about the sections of the courtroom and the function of each. I have read that the judge sits at the bench and adjacent to him are desks used by the clerk and reporter. I have also read that the plaintiff, defendant and their respective lawyers sit on one side of the judge while the public occupies the other side (gallery). I expect to see these in practice in order to understand the courtroom system further. In the same way, I am hoping to be familiar with the courtroom rules and regulations, such as bowing towards the judge when entering the courtroom and staying quiet during proceedings. I expect to learn other rules that are followed before, during after a court session as the judge leaves. Attending a court session will enable me to observe all the procedures that are followed, from the preliminary hearing, disposition hearing, arraignment, pretrial hearings and sentencing. I am hoping to observe how, in the initial court proceedings, the charges are filed and how the court advises the defendant of the rights accorded to him by the state. After charges are filed, I expect to hear how the preliminary hearing proceeds, especially the cross-examination of prosecution witnesses and how the judge uses this information to either terminate or push the case to the next stage. The part I anticipate most is the cross-examination as this shows the professionalism of a lawyer and a carefully planned cross-examination can lead to the acquittal of a suspect. Besides cross-examination, I am hoping to see what criteria the judge uses to determine whether a trial should be dismissed or taken to the next stage of hearing. When the latter occurs, I hope to see how the judge uses the evidence presented to him to determine the punishment to be meted on the suspect. Finally, I have expectations of getting to hear of the language used in the court, some of which I have hea
Classical literature, including Greek and Roman mythology, includes numerous examples of close male friendship. The specific perspective of the Greeks and Romans on same-sex relationships is supported by various mythological situations, where the hero must rely on the help of a trusted male companion or other such stories. The reason for such attitude can be found in the patriarchal culture and the dominant role of free adult males in the Greek and Roman social life. Moreover, male friendship was considered to be a positive concept for the society and was encouraged in the culture. This paper seeks to further expand this thesis and find examples in history and mythology to prove it. In Ancient Greece, the social order was largely patriarchal, which meant that the male social roles were often prevailing. Boys lived in women’s quarters but were obliged to attend the gymnasium with their peers to study various disciplines, including physical education. Although the culture of courting younger boys was socially accepted and even encouraged, adding to the concept of preparation for future manhood and war, sexual intercourse was not always the unique outcome of this practice. As the boys were separated from the society of women, except their own family, until they were coming of age, the occurrences of strong and enduring friendships among peers or boys of different ages were inevitable. The meaning of friendly relations in the life of an adult Greek man was significant; in fact, according to Barry Powell, “in the Archaic and Classical Periods, a man divided his social relations into clear camps of friends and enemies; a man was measured by the richness of gifts to his friends and the thorough punishment he gave to his enemies.” 1 . It was a friend to whom the man could turn to in the time of trouble and on whom he could always rely in search for help and support against his enemies. Such attitude has found its reflection in mythology. For example, the some of the most well-known myth where the hero relies on his closest friend includes the story of Achilles and Patroclus of Homer’s “Iliad” or Heracles and Iolaus in the myth of Heracles Twelve Deeds. The pattern of the story usually follows the folklore and incorporates some specific patterns. Powell notes that in this case, the pattern would be such that the hero’s best and truest companion is always another male. Although the researchers still argue whether the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus in
Introduction Within the modern environment of industrialization and globalization that expanded the barriers of what was possible before, the concept of environmentalism (or eco-consciousness) has become more prominent. Despite the fact that many associates the term with reusable products such as plastic bags and the utilization of energy-efficient light bulbs, real environmentalism do not place nature in the position above people. Essentially, environmentalism is about preserving and conserving nature, keeping it as untouched as it used to be two thousand years ago. However, the destruction of the nature that took place during the last millennium cannot be turned back; therefore, all the current global society can do is preserve what is left. Scholars from around the globe were trying to explore the damage globalization caused to nature and identify specific efforts that could be targeted at resolving the current issues and promoting the concept of environmentalism in the political and social lives of the worldwide community. The key four authors that expressed their views on environmentalism and fought against the status quo chosen for the analysis are Vandana Shiva, David Harvey, Nicole Shukin, and Anna Tsing. Each of them studied environmentalism within a different context, which will allow for an extensive analysis of their work. Review of Research Vandana Shiva and Earth Democracy Dr. Vandana Shiva is a world-renowned ecologist and physicist who dedicated her research to the protection of women’s and farmers’ rights. In her academic writing, Shiva strongly pointed out at the economic and ecological crises of modern times, their origins, and a way for achieving a sustainable and democratic future for the global societies. In her article “Earth Democracy: Beyond Dead Democracy and Killing economies,” Shiva stated that the will of people is no longer relevant when it comes to the considerations of economic growth or political affairs. As a positive example, Shiva mentioned Canada as one of the few countries committed to global justice and environmental sustainability. The key idea of her article revolved around large corporations taking over natural resources as if they had a monopoly on them. She stated that the modern life is a “manufacture […] an invention; therefore, life is the monopoly of companies, and companies can now collect rents from life itself” (Shiva, “Earth Democracy: Beyond Dead Democracy and Killing Economies” 85). In her o
Executive Summary Promoting change and the improvement of quality standards is essential for a company aiming to become a global leader. The given objective, however, often requires the reconsideration of the leadership strategy adopted by the company managers and its further adjustment to the requirements of the global market. However, in most instances, the company managers may be unwilling to alter the traditional behavioral patterns, including both theirs and the ones of the staff due to the difficulty of the procedure and the need to change their values. A training session aimed at promoting a different leadership strategy and, therefore, a different approach toward the workplace issues, including conflicts, the distribution of roles and responsibilities, the communication process, etc., will help the managers gear the employees’ efforts the right direction; as a result, a significant increase in the quality of the products and services provided is expected. The training session will include a set of short personal interviews regarding the issues such as the personal values of the managers, their concept of quality and corporate responsibility, and the information concerning the unique personality traits of the respondents. The training, which will include several scenarios, in which the managers will have to solve leadership-related issue, will close with another assessment. Afterward, the results of each evaluation will be compared and the verdict regarding the effect of the training will be provided. It is expected that the training program will have a huge effect of both the managers and the staff members. Overview Statement Investing in the development of the company’s human resources is an essential element of a reasonable financial strategy and an adequate HRM approach as it provides premises for the promotion of stakeholder-oriented values in the firm and the consistent improvement of product quality (Thite, Kavanagh, and Johnson 24). By enhancing the process of staff’s professional development, one will create premises for the steady development of the organization since the employees’ competencies are going to upgrade along with the progress of the organization. Background Company M has only recently started operating in the U.S. market by providing services in the food industry. By putting a very strong emphasis on the production of the food that is healthy, tasty, and vegetarian, the organization has gained recognition in the local market. However, the need to expand triggered the necessity to change the existing leadership style and the tools for managing the staff and improving their performance has emerged. To make sure that the quality of the goods produced complies with the existing regulations, the firm will have to consider the tools for boosting the staff’s motivation
Introduction Comparative politics is a critical part of social research that can offer answers to critical questions. As such, scholars who work on the matter must understand the process utilized in the discipline. While it is similar to many other sciences in its preference for hypotheses that are tested with real-world data, there are several significant differences. The information available will usually be highly complex, leading to the need to create generalized and simplified hypotheses. This process is known as causal inference, and the ideas produced can change significantly throughout a study as data fails to conform to a particular idea. Moreover, it is critical to understand that the historical aspect is essential to politics and is responsible for many differences. Using the concept of individual liberty leading to increased wealth, this paper will explain the process and evaluate the potential influence of prevailing worldviews, especially the Judeo-Christian one, on it. Process Description First of all, it is critical to identify the variables and the outcomes in the initial hypothesis. In the case of this paper’s topic, individual liberty would be the variable, while wealth would be the outcome. Then, the author should formulate an initial model for the relationships that they expect to exist, which they will refine during the study. Next, the researcher has to find several subjects that would be compared to each other. There are two principal selection strategies in comparative politics: MSS, where two countries with similar variables but different outcomes are compared, and MDS, where two nations that are as different as possible but have achieved the same result are chosen 1 . After the choice process is complete, the researcher can begin accumulating data and analyzing it to make interpretation easier. In this particular case, MDS may be more appropriate than its counterpart because some examples warrant study. The United States can serve as a wealthy nation with high liberty, with Saudi Arabia being another affluent country that has low liberty 2 . With the choice complete, the researcher can begin creating a design for the subsequent data collection and analysis. The sources of wealth and its distribution in each country can be a topic of interest, as they may indicate some external factors that can influence the outcome. After sufficient work, the author should be able to obtain a reasonable approximation of how both countries have acquired their wealth. With the process complete, it is possible to try determining whe
TV commercials of the twenty-first century do not simply persuade potential consumers to buy particular products. These commercials reveal characteristic features of the present-day society. Irrespective of the product advertised, commercial makers follow the trends which exist in society. Admittedly, commercials appeal to a particular audience, but this appeal helps understand the peculiarities of this group at a specific period. It is possible to consider Kellogg’s® Froot Loops® new commercial, developed by Leo Burnett USA agency, to take a closer look at the points mentioned above. In the first place, it is important to focus on the form. The commercial is created in the form of a 3D short animation film ( Kellogg’s® Froot Loops®, 2013). It features a new villain, Carl the King Crab, and children’s favorite cartoon character Toucan Sam with his nephews. This is a bright piece which makes which is created with the help of the common 3D technology. Children are accustomed to this technology as many of their favorite cartoons and animation movies are in 3D. Therefore, watching the commercial is similar to watching the favorite cartoons for the children. The use of music is also suggestive as the music creates an atmosphere of adventure. Besides, the bright colors used in the commercial resemble the bright colors of the cereal advertised. The bright colors of the treasure are associated with the colors of the cereal, which makes breakfast something like a treasure. It is also necessary to note that the commercial appeals to kids’ strive for adventure. The commercial makes children want to by the package where they can find a map with their adventure. Bright cartoon characters are brought to children’s minds. It is also necessary to add that the commercial also has a valuable message. It cherishes such values as family, friendship, support. As any other cartoon, the commercial teaches that the good always defeats the evil. This is very important as it is obvious that these values are still promoted in American society. Apart from the message, the commercial introduces children to technology as it highlights a particular website where children can find more fun activities. Eating this cereal becomes a creative and digitalized activity, which is fun and useful. Admittedly, this is one of the characteristic features of the US society of the early 21 st century. Thus, technology is excessively used in all areas of contemporary life. At present, even small children are accustomed to such complex technologies as 3D and the Internet. Contemporary children spend a lot of time playing computer games, and they also spend a lot of time online. Nonetheless, technological advances have not considerably shaped children’s preferences. Remarkably, children, as well as adults, still want to be entertained and seek for adventures. It is not enough to give food to a child; it is better to make the meal fun and entertaining. Meals turn into a funny game. In conclusion, it is possible to note that the commercial of Kellogg’s® Froot Loops® can have two implications. First of all, it is an
Introduction The healthcare policy framework is a multidimensional phenomenon involving influence on patient care and expertise level among medical practitioners. According to research, different guidelines impact the local and international medical care delivery approach. One country that prominently appreciates the institutionalization of distinct values on people’s welfare is the US. The factor rendered the articulation of critical roles and responsibilities of the various administrative organs contributing to the affordable plan for the residents. Apt coordination among all stakeholders in the strategizing and implementation of the framework fosters a profound trickle-down effect of accrued benefits in the healthcare sector. Argument One significant factor that influences the quality of healthcare provided is the implemented models in various healthcare establishments. The Medicaid model gears the development of organizational culture in the healthcare institution. Therefore, it is essential that healthcare management focuses on developing an efficient model that boosts the quality and importance of healthcare services. The value-based healthcare model is profoundly innovative and fosters the interdisciplinary care delivery system (Halpren-Ruder, 2020). In this case, all stakeholders engage in establishing policies and mechanisms that enhance the care providers’ performance. Ideally, the compensation and rewarding of the healthcare institutions become subject to the performance through the number of patients with reduced cases of re-hospitalization. Primarily, the value-based healthcare delivery system focuses on implementing policies that promote the provision of value and quality healthcare services. In this case, the providers get rewarded due to the increase in the number of new patient cases and a reduced re-hospitalization rate. As much as it benefits the nurses and the management to ensure that the care providers offer quality services, the patients reap the benefit of excellent amenities and effective treatment approaches. In most cases, the efficiency of the treatment involves increasing the participation of all stakeholders and procedures such as home care services and frequent follow-up strategies (Halpren-Ruder, 2020). Therefore, the patients establish a significant relationship with the care providers due to the integrated treatment approach that seeks to reduce the re-hospitalization rate. The public health sector is an institution that significantly impacts human society’s cohesion, growth, and development. In this case, different stakeholders seek to participate in the implementation of the medical policies and their facilitation to boost its standards. The major partakers in the health sector encompass the government, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations (Kokko & Kork, 2021). Nevertheless, the federal, state and loc
Introduction The essay is a critically analysis of the reason why conflict in Yugoslavia led to war in the 1990s. According to Welch, 1993 conflict has been defined in various ways but one definition adopted for the sake of the paper is a scenario in which there exist or thought resistance to main beliefs, opinion, dreams, needs and aspiration, norms due to differences in views between individuals and can be instigated by political, economical, environmental or societal aspects (Cohen, 1993). On the other hand, war has been defined as armed conflict that is open in nature that takes place between two or more groups of parties that are organized. This usually continues in phases termed as clashes and mainly entails dispute concerning power as well as governance and territorial supremacy. It is worth mentioning that war can be between and among nation or even individuals of a given country usually based on drawn ethnic and or religious lines. The term coined to refer to the war is Yugoslav war which refers to a sequence of campaigns carried out by military between the years 1991 and 1995 in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The war just like any other kind of war was very complex and linked with bitter ethnic conflict among Yugoslavians. Those involved in the conflict included in one side Serbs and some Montenegrins and Bosnia’s and Coats as well as some Slovenes. It is important to have in mind that in Bosnia conflict between Bosnia’s and Croats was also experienced. The war did take place in three major phases that are deemed separate but closely linked. War in Slovenia that took place in 1991, Bosnian War experienced between 1992 and 1995 and Croatian War of Independence that took place between 1991 and 1995. All the war ended in different times bringing with it full independence as well as sovereignty but at the same time huge losses in economic terms. According to Glenny, 1999 it is estimated that between 130, 000 to 140,000 individuals died as a result of the Yugoslav War instigated by conflict between individuals living in the former the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Conflicts and war in Yugoslavia It is true that conflict if not resolved at an earlier stage, do lead to very serious issues that are characterized by massive loss of human lives, destruction of wealth and property, environmental degradation as well as huge economic losses (Gowan, 1999). Tension among individuals living in Yugoslavia begun to mount back in 1980. It is only in 1990s that it was very evident and more likely that war will erupt. This is attributed to the fact that t the time, there was hard time in economic terms coupled with mounting desire of nationalism clearly depicted by the various ethnic inhabitants of Yugoslavia. Broadly speaking there are four major reasons why conflict in Yugoslavia led to the 1991 to 1995 war; these are not adequately or completely failing to address under