ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction eBay is an internet company (from America) that was formed in 1995 (Collier, 2004, p. 7). It manages a shopping website and an online auction that allows for the buying and selling of a broad variety of goods and services. The company seems to be the main success story of the recent dot.com bubble. It currently operates a large business that is estimated to be located in over 30 countries. To achieve its current success the company was able to expand from its original auction to allow for other new and innovative products (Collier, 2004, p.2). In expanding its business the company introduced new items like online advertisements, standard shopping, online money transfers and online event ticket trading. As a matter of fact its business has in recent years continued to grow considerably as it now has a global presence. This global market is very challenging but the company has withered all storms to remain competitive with good market and business strategies. Discussion It can not be denied that the company has been successful because of its core competency. This has more or less been related to their overall strategy. Their core competence has been their innovative idea of offering auction services online (Martin, 1995, p.14). This business has been reinforced by the use of a high level of technology that is always a driving factor in business. Embracing of technology goes in line with their chosen strategy of using technology supported by the internet to conduct business. Acquisition of pay pal has also helped to boost and reinforce its core competence. Currently the company has its core competency in its name recognition and the high website traffic that it seems to have (Walton, 2006, p.3). Whenever the company has witnessed high traffic it has brought in a large number of buyers and sellers. In the long run this has availed an array of goods and services for the customers to choose from. This is also their chosen strategy to provide a large pool of products and services. The value chain (of the company) has been the activities that it has been involved in to ensure that its business is successful. It has been able to design and plan its activities and business in various perspectives. This has been by listing many items to be bought or sold on a daily basis. In addition, its various sites have allowed people to trade in their local currencies (Porter, 1996, p.19). This has in the long run increased its business activities. To ensure that the company adheres to the right ethics of business it has terms of service agreement that defines the way it relates with other people. eBay’s value chain can be said to virtual. This is because it is their basis of competitive advantage and it has also been responsible for superior value creation in a long way. Virtual value networks have allowed the company to create a new basis by which value can be created and enhanced. The manage
Abstract As I am a teacher in the University, I have to deal with a lot of techniques and strategies of teaching in order to make my classes interesting and useful for students. My aim as a teacher is to give knowledge to those who want to take it and convince those who do not want that study can be easy and interesting. That is why I use different methods in my practice and one of them is called Peer Practice. Main text The Peer Practice Strategy is directed at the increase of students’ work in class because it presupposes teacher’s work with small groups, namely pairs of students. If in a usual group the number of students is too large for the teacher to cope with them all, Peer Practice presents a good opportunity to involve all students in the process of studying. On the whole, the Peer Practice consists of three stages – preparation of students, their joint work in pairs and, finally, discussion of results. My class starts with the introductory word in which it is necessary to introduce the students to the strategy. Then I will tell them about the use of Peer Practice and show them a video of such a class where students were busy with this very strategy. My next step will be defining the topic for the Peer Practice Class. The topic will be the practice of the text that we have read in class before – the play by Shakespeare titled “Romeo and Juliet”. The second phase of the Peer Practice Strategy will be in dividing the students into pairs and letting them practice the strategy. The students will have to be separated into pairs and discuss the play, recollecting its plot and main topics raised in it. One member of each pair of students will be called “coach” as his or her role will be in asking questions and giving instructions, another one will be “player” or “doer” whose work will be to answer the “coach’s” question. Thus, both students of the pair and, respectively, all pairs will improve their knowledge of the object of their work. The “coaches” will be given special cards with auxiliary questions and hints for “players” that will facilitate their work that will lie in recollecting such details of the play by William Shakespeare as the main characters of the play, its main idea, the major conflict and, maybe, even some special vocabulary from the Shakespeare’s masterpiece. The third, and at the same time, the last phase of the Peer Practice Strategy will be the discussion of the results that we will get from this kind of work. At the beginning of the discussion the students will be reunited in a single class, and I will share my ideas of what the Peer Practice gave the students. The next step will be the discussion between the teacher and the students. They will express their thoughts as to whether this strategy is necessary or not and whether it is helpful. Some of the students will support the strategy saying that it helps them to recollect the information that they have forgotten, makes them closer acquainted with thei
Herbal therapy is a theoretical and practical medicine based on the scientific study and use of medicinal plants or drugs obtained from them for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. It is applied for the treatment of chronic severe diseases, such as cancer, and also for stimulation and mental health. Although traditional medicine has been displaced by chemical production, herbal therapy’s popularity and studying this phenomenon are steadily growing worldwide. Herbal medicine has a milder effect on the body compared to any pharmacological agent and minimizes side effects and allergic reactions. The most frequently used herbs in treatment are eucalyptus, chamomile, mint, echinacea, and feverfew (Gharaibeh & Tawalbeh, 2017). There are several herbal appliance methods; for instance, these are essential oil, tisane, maceration, salves, and balms. According to Ezhilarasan (2018), herbal medicine in oncology is assigned to activate the body’s protective functions to combat the disease. In cancer treatment, herbal medicine solves two critical tasks; they are pain relief and stimulation of the immune system (Ezhilarasan, 2018). Moreover, the body’s resistance towards infections increases; it also diminishes a wide range of damaging pathogens and effects, such as anoxia or various toxins (Gharaibeh & Tawalbeh, 2017). Some people tend to rely on medical herbs more than on synthetic medication. From a psychological perspective, herbal treatment is associated with nature and is perceived as a more natural treatment method. In some cases, patients negatively perceive the need to prescribe medications (Gharaibeh & Tawalbeh, 2017). Consequently, starting treatment of such patients with herbs, the physician gradually forms the motivation for more thoroughgoing treatment (Gharaibeh & Tawalbeh, 2017). With an adequate appliance of herbal preparations and a specialist’s control, this therapy can be beneficial. Herbal medicine is considered to be an alternative treatment because, since ancient times, people have fought diseases with medicinal herbs. It can be defined as a set of therapeutic measures using medicinal products from plants. One of the primary purposes of using pharmacological agents is to neutralize the negative consequences of stressful environmental influences or somatogenic effects if non-pharmacological agents do not affect the expected result.
Introduction Master Blenders is a newly established enterprise in the specialty eateries industry. The company is located in Seattle. The company specializes in the provision of different specialty products such as beverages. Some of the beverages that the firm will deal with include coffee, juices, and tea. Further, the company’s product portfolio is comprised of different fresh food products such as oatmeal, salads, and pastries. The venture’s success in the specialty eateries industry will be influenced by the entrepreneur’s commitment to ensuring that the firm progresses smoothly through the entrepreneurial lifecycle. Additionally, the enterprise success will depend on the business model. Stokes, Wilson, and Mador (2010) assert that the Entrepreneurial Life Cycle is a critical concept that businesses should consider irrespective of their size. Its significance emanates from the fact that entrepreneurial ventures progress through different phases. Moreover, entrepreneurship entails a continuous problem-solving process. Thus, effective management of the different phases is essential in enhancing the venture’s long-term survival. Master Blenders has recognized the relevance of the entrepreneurial life cycle and business model in its quest to attain a competitive market position in the specialties eateries industry. This paper involves a critical evaluation of Master Blenders’ entrepreneurial life cycle and how its business model is aligned with the business model canvas. Entrepreneurial life cycle Master Blenders’ life entrepreneurial life cycle is based on the stages proposed by the Greiner’s model. The adoption of this model is informed by recognition of the fact that entrepreneurial ventures undergo changes from their inception (Chesbrough 2010). The Greiner’s model is based on five main stages that include concept testing, development, growth, maturity, and decline (Stokes, Wilson, & Mador 2010). These stages have formed the foundation for Master Blenders’ entrepreneurial life cycle. However, the company has expounded these stages by integrating other aspects. The core stages in the firm’s entrepreneurial life cycle are expounded herein. Business opportunity The entrepreneur’s decision to establish Master Blenders has arisen from identification of a b
Introduction According to Addams, Boccaletti, Kerlin & Stuchtey (2009), there are more than enough water resources to meet and sustain the competing demands for scarce the resources. But the escalating water shortages and scarcity is seen as an industrial hazard, a main financial risk that can not be disregarded, and a universal precedence that influences human well-being. Looking at the management of water resources, monetary statistics is inadequate, administration is not transparent and the stakeholders are unsatisfactorily connected. Because of this, majority of the states put more effort to outline and put into practice fact rooted water policies. Water resources experience inadequate allotments and reduced investment arrangements due to the fact that investors do not have reliable support for financially realistically decision making. With no action taken in the direction of recovering water resource management, it will not be easy to encounter connected resource difficulties, such as supplying enough food or maintaining producing energy for the global populace. Discussion on the economics’ of water Despite water being a precious commodity, its value is hardly ever shown in numerical figures or categorized as an economic resource. Hermans, Halsema & Renault (2005) state that by employing financial figures in water management, as a way of portraying significant values in money flows and permitting financial trade to be the basis of distributing water resources and related costs and advantages among stake holders. Hence, the stakeholders pay only for the amount of water that they use at a particular time. By putting into practice the financial payments for water usage in the market will result in a more utilized way of using the scarce water commodity. This will limit the wastage of water as people will feel the pinch in the pocket as they have to pay more for each drop of water wasted (Briscoe, 1996). Know how or advancements recognize that financial preparations can be a factor to an additional cost-effective utilization of water resources but if simply precise requirements are met, correlated to a properly performing institutional structure and system that makes certain that use of monetary provisions is well adjusted through wide communal objectives. Proposals on the economics’ of water resources FAO (2005) states, the escalating responsiveness that water shortage has brought forth the acceptance of the opinion that “water is an economic good” as one of the four Dublin principles in 1992, which are broadly acknowledged as the foundation for integrated water resources management (IWRM). Economics purely focuses on the division of scant commodities over several contending demands hence then the aspect of scarcity of water reserves as economic commodities makes perfect sense. (FAO/ Netherlands, 2005) Contrary, Perry et al (1997) argues that water is not an ordinary economic good, and that one should be familiar with possessions and consumer privileges may be multifaceted, in that the physical attribute of water makes it difficult to transport large quantities of water from one location to another and that water is a r
Introduction The Chartered Management Institute, CMI, is a UK based organization with the mandate to provide both practicing and would be managers with the best management and leadership skills. Being the only chartered organization in the UK that is devoted to improve management and leadership practice, the magnitude of CMI’s mandate cannot be underestimated. It is assumed that, while only a fifth of managers in the UK have the necessary professional requirements, it is expected that at least 0.8 million new management positions are likely to be created by in five years’ time (CMI, 2010). This statistics comes at a time when management has been declared as the biggest profession in Britain. CMI is an organization that draws best practices from established customs such as the National Occupational Standards. Using these standards, CMI is able to set the best benchmarks for both corporate and individual clients. CMI’s main aim is to promote the attainment of the best leadership and management skills. Due to its successes, CMI’s expanding membership currently stands at 86000 individuals and about 450 corporate members. These figures were taken in 2010. CMI is not a mere leadership and management accreditation body. It is an organization that creates real value for its clients through practical lessons. To attain this, CMI has a variety of mechanisms through which managers can attain the best leadership and management skills. As such, CMI’s training is designed from mentorship programs, case studies and extensive research. CMI delivers its training program both formally and informally, mostly through on the job training, e-learning among other mechanisms. CMI offers the Chartered Manager Award but only to those managers who demonstrate competence in at least 6 key management skills. As such, CMI is a very critical body in not only in improving management and leadership training but also in acquisition of desirable professional qualification for managers What are the benefits of well trained and qualified managers to employees, businesses and the UK economy? CMI main mandate, as previously stated, is it to ensure that managers attain the best management and leadership skills. Coincidentally, well trained managers accrue numerous benefits not only to employees but also to businesses, and by extension the UK economy. The table below highlights these benefits.             On employees                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    On business
Researchers and engineers use various methods in order to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and processes. One of the most popular approaches is life-cycle assessment which is often used by modern companies and environmental agencies. However, there are other tools that can be adopted. This paper is aimed at discussing such techniques as Fuzzy Arithmetic and Leopold Matrix since they can help engineers take more informed decisions. These are the main issues that should be examined. Overall, one can say that each of these tools is supposed to present numerical representation of various environmental changes or risks. This is the main argument that can be made. One of the methods used by companies is called Fuzzy Arithmetic. It is based on the assumption one can see the relationship between a certain product or process and certain environmental changes (Hanss, 2005). It should be noted that many of existing techniques are useful in those cases when it is possible to quantify the environmental effects. For example, one can speak about such parameters as the emission of carbon dioxides or the consumption of water (Morris, 2009, p. 45). However, in many cases, environmental impacts are not easily quantifiable, for instance, one can mention such as an indicator landscape quality. So, Fuzzy Arithmetic can be used when it is necessary to analyze the responses of people who may be affected by the environmental impacts (Shepard, 2005, p. 125). This tool is based on the so-called fuzzy logic allows to measure and quantify the opinions and attitudes of people (Shepard, 2005, p. 125). So, this is one of the approaches that one can adopt in order to assess different technologies or products. Another technique that should be analyzed is called Leopold Matrix. It is supposed to evaluate the impact of various manufacturing processes or other human activities on the environment (Bhatnagar, 2009, p. 116). This tool focuses on several dependent variables such as air quality, noise, erosion, flora, forests, and other indicators (Bhatnagar, 2009, p. 116). This tool is useful because it shows how a certain project can affect various aspects of the environment. This technique can be adopted by a company when it implements new technologies (Wathern, 1990, p. 50). This tool is often adopted by environmental agencies when they make independent assessments. There are some features that these tools have in common. First of all, both of them are aimed at quantifying various environmental impacts. They are supposed to provid
Introduction Breast condition is a major symptom that prompts many female patients to seek medical attention. However, in the current society, men, too, have gradually become susceptible. Understanding a patient’s history when he or she complains of a breast condition is important. This paper aims at giving insight to any healthcare worker on healthy breast management. Significance of Personal and Medical History Patient’s health history provides more information about the patient and helps the physician to plan for an effective treatment regimen. Documents containing the personal and health history of a patient act as a bridge of communication between the physician and the patient. Availability of health information, for example, lab tests results, immunization records and screening due dates in an electronic format, makes it easy for physicians to update the information and share it when required (Bickley, Szilagyi & Bates, 2013). Drug Therapy and treatment According to Andersen and Kehlet (2011), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed to the patients. Danazol or tamoxifen could be prescribed if persistent pain is still experienced on completion of the anti-inflammatory dose. Schuiling and Likis (2013) suggest that unconstrained breasts are susceptible to breast sores due to exacerbated movement during exercise. Hence, putting on a supportive bra that constrains the breasts during exercise can greatly help reduce the breast pain. Follow-up The doctor should perform regular examinations and medical tests to monitor how the patient is recovering after the treatment (Salzman, Fleegle & Tully, 2012). Follow-up care aims at improving the health of the patient by managing the short-term effects of the treatment offered and watching out for late effects of treatment or disease recurrence. The recommended follow-up care will require the patient to visit the physician regularly. Subsequently, this will encourage communication with the doctor about the follow-up care plan. In addition, it is possible to detect any adverse changes and, hence, make timely intervention. The patient should perform breast self-examination every month as this could also monitor the recovering process after the treatment. If tamoxifen is prescribed, the patient should regularly visit the gynecologist since these drugs increase the chances of uterine cancer, which is characterized by abnormal vaginal bleeding. Education Strategies Public education will inform people about healthy living, which encompasses staying physically fit and changing the lifestyle to prevent and reduce the risks of breast conditions. I will encourage every individual with or at risk of breast condition to get involved in physical activities. In addition, I will prepare pamphlets and brochures to reinforce what I teach. Acc