ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
When people go to college they expect that their way of thinking will change from what it was before to something different. Even before you buy your first book, you know you are about to enter an area from which you will never be able to return. Once your mind has been opened, it will be impossible to close it again and the world will take on all new meanings. This seems to be the case no matter what your upbringing or educational experience. It is easy to see that the challenges facing the college community are tremendous. Not only are they expected to find some means of cracking open the sometimes very rusty jaws of intellectual thought in the minds of people who are still largely adolescents suddenly freed of their previous constraints, but they are expected to do this while still maintaining a safe and effective learning environment for adults and cope with the myriad issues that can arise with financial aid, transferring students, official documents, ad nauseam. I must admit, going into college, I was sure I would be entering a world of chaos and confusion where you were either a stuffed shirt academic or a lucky frat boy of the Hollywood variety. This made me somewhat concerned since I like fun as much as anyone, but really wanted to gain significant benefit from my college education. For this reason, I was very careful about choosing which college I would go to and selected the University of Phoenix because it met with all my most important criteria. Now that I’ve had a chance to attend this institution, I have to say that I am satisfied with my experience overall. If I were asked to provide a recommendation for the school, there are some minor things that would cause me to hesitate, but I would probably give it. As with any institution of this type, the university did not meet with all of my expectations and there are areas in which I feel it should improve, but the school has much to offer students at a variety of learning levels and objectives. The University of Phoenix has a great deal to offer potential students. It is a strong school with a solid academic reputation. One of the things I found particularly helpful was having instructors who had real-world experience in the courses they were teaching. This meant that I was able to learn much more about the practical aspects of my chosen career field and get more in-depth information about what really worked and what was more textbook than true. It’s hard to point out a specific example of this because it was such a widespread benefit to my entire college curriculum. As a simple example that is probably obvious to anyone who’s raised a child but not necessarily to college students such as myself is the idea that all the theories proposed by the great doctors of the past are merely theories of behavior – just because you’re working with a 2-year-old, don’t expect them to be capable of demonstrating all the fine motor skills or thought processes the book says they can do. The benefits I received from instructor experience are far more profound but much more difficult to quantify. A
Population According to the April 2010 Census, Saudi Arabia’s population was 27,136,977 as at that year. It is now estimated that the population could be close to 27,500,000 at present. This population comprises of about 18,707,576 Saudi nationals; those who are not citizens of the country are about 8,429,401. The population has a rapid growth with youths accounting for the majority of the population (Lippman 6). Education The education system in Saudi Arabia is exclusively managed by the Ministry of Education assisted by the Ministry of Higher Education. The system comprises about 25,000 schools, 24 public universities and about 8 private ones. Every Saudi citizen is entitled to free education and other educational amenities (Lippman 126). Language In Saudi Arabia, Arabic is considered the official language and is used in most of the places including schools and other social places. English is taken as a compulsory second language in schools and it is used mostly in companies, hotels and in schools where it is taught (Zuhur 246). Aesthetics Most of the Saudis dress in a traditional fashion to preserve their customary values. Some things such as alcoholic drinks are prohibited as they go against the religious teachings. Public exhibitions are considered unacceptable as far as domestic matters are concerned (Zirinski 129). Religion Saudi Arabia is regarded as an Islamic theocratic dominion in which Islam is the only official religion. Almost all Saudi citizens are Muslims and the only exceptions are passport holders. The other major religions in the country include Christianity and Hinduism, which are mainly practiced by non-Saudi citizens (Zuhur 18). Technology Technology in Saudi Arabia is managed by Communications and Information Technology Commission. It regulates and hosts a firewall, which determines what is contained on the websites that are accessible in the country. Currently, Saudi Arabia is one of the Asian countries that have recorded significant developments in technology (Zirinski 131). Political Discourse Political discourse in Saudi Arabia manipulates devout Muslims to comply with the authorities by showing absolute obedience to their rulers. Saudi Arabia’s political discourse prohibits citizens from criticizing their leaders in public. It is a criminal offence to be found making public criticisms about a ruler (Kamrava 341). Social Organizations Saudi’s population has always consisted of nomads, villagers and a small number of townspeople. Kinship model is considered pervasive in the country with a lot importance given to the extended family as a unit of social organization (Kamrava 342). Values and Attitudes Arabs in Saudi Arabia believe that their dignity and honour are everything and should be well preserved. They also believe that people should be loyal to their families and that someone’s social class and family background determine their positions in the society. Their leading attitude is that everyone should believe in God to have a religious attachment (Zuhur 200). Comparing Hofstede’s Dimensions of Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates Hofstede’s dimensions measure how low class individuals in orga
Introduction Every poem and every text are full of ideas. As a rule, ideas are either inspired by some events in the political, economic, and social life of the country when an author decides to write a certain poem, or some emotional and mental state of the author suggests him/her an appropriate way to reveal the thoughts and feelings. Poems by celebrated authors are even more interesting to analyze because a biographic approach can be used for comparison of the events that took place in the real life of an author and those described in a poem. Thus, “Life in a Love” by Robert Browning, “A Red, Red Rose” by Robert Burns, and “When We Two Parted” by Lord Byron can be considered brilliant examples of the ideas behind the words as every author has some story hidden in the heart of the poem that made him write this work in a definite manner. In this respect, there are some ideas behind the words and every person has some reasons for doing something. Broken love is not just an event as some people can treat it as the source of inspiration for years; broken love is something that touches the strings of an author’s soul and leaves some slight mark. If an author enlarges on the idea of broken love, he is emotionally connected to the person that touched his strings and wants to share his feelings with readers. If a person does not want anybody to know something, he/she would not depict it in the way accessible to others. Moreover, the concept of ideas can be largely explained with the poems mentioned above as they all have a common topic of broken love. However, the way of presentation and the ideas that come behind the words are different for these three authors. “Life in a Love” by Robert Browning The poem “Life in a Love” by Robert Browning can be considered one of the most prominent works about love and broken love as a part of people’s lives. The author seems to be the narrator and the main character of the poem. However, a female character is given a really distinguishable shape in this work leading to the image of Browning’s wife, Elizabeth Barrett Browning. So, the idea of origin of the female character makes the reader think about some problems that could take place in the married life of the author. Either she wanted to leave and he was always the one to pursue, or he wanted to leave and could not find some justification for his decision. After reading the poem, it turns out to be clear that the main character hides in the shade of the female character and is not able to make certain decision. In other words, the mental and emotional state of the author can be deduced from the one of the male character who seems to be a reflection of the real person. Thereby, the female character can be considered the one prevailing over the interests and values of the male character as she is the only object of his concerns pointing to the author wife and her semi-invalidity as the reason for not leaving her regardless of his genuine plans and wishes. This poem starts with a question “Escape me?”. Two ideas concerning the real nature of this question come to mind. As the poem is supposed to be about broken love, it is possible to assume that a wom
Introduction Fiction is a literal technique that has expanded the boundaries of talented writers and endowed literature with imaginations. Science fiction is fiction that totally explores the scientific knowledge gathered and predicted, to bring into perspective some of the societal aspects that are common to the human race. One such work of scientific fiction if “SWARM” by Bruce Sterling. Analysis The story takes the reader through an intriguing encounter of human beings with a variety of extraterrestrial beings with the aim of outlining the theme of life. Although one might argue that life is a basic thing, very few appreciate the complexes that might surround life when seeking to survive in an environment where competition comes from more intelligent creatures. Sterling gives human beings a rather lower level in the pecking order as a way of outlining this fact. This can be seen from the conversation between Afriel and the Alien: “…we human are as children to other races…” (Shippey, p. 472). Sterling also seeks to outline the fact that life will not always provide persons with all that they want, but it will certainly provide them with the means to get what they want. Although the investor Alien looks down on humans, it admits that it likes to associate with them since they are flexibility in nature. Even in the world today success does not only mean being talented or clever, but it means being prudent, strategic and tactful. Sterling brings out the strategy employed by humans when doing business with Aliens. First Humans have ensured that they teach their ambassadors alien language (p. 473). Secondly, human beings have made their ambassadors very intelligent (p. 473). Finally, human beings have resolved to diplomacy rather than aggression. (p. 474). Tact is also demonstrated by Mirny by being able to tame two Swarms to protect her from other Swarms and in return she provides them with food. Sterling also brings out the aspect of diversity. In describing the Swarm symbiote, it creates a vivid expression of an ugly being. Furthermore, the character of the Swarm symbiote is not very pleasant as it chews the pants of Afriel. However, Afriel still finds a way to co-exist with the Swarms. This outlines the importance of tolerance in a diverse environment. (p. 474) The way Afriel relates to the commander; who happens to be another alien demonstrates humility and tolerance. As Afriel and Mirny navigate the Swarm kingdom, there is a realization that Swarms are much more primitive and unintelligent (pp. 477-478). Even the investor Alien wonders why human beings would want to associate with Swarms (p. 472). However, as Mirny reveals to Afriel, within the Swarm kingdom there is a type of nutritious food that can grow in space. Conclusion Sterling’s work of fiction brings out various fundamental aspects concerning life. First, that competition is unavoidable due to limited resources. However, Sterling introduces aliens to bring out some basic concepts that would have been taken for granted in a real life literal piece. The investor Alien looks down upon human and feels that there is no
The Book of Job is one of the greatest representations of how the reward-punishment paradigm functions for the Hebrew people and those who follow the ways of God. In this respect the world of religious interpretation of such phenomena can be pointed out from the translation of this book by Raymond Scheindlin. The analytical description of how the main hero in the book stayed firm in his devotion and faith to God provides the beliefs about better ways for Hebrews. However, the contradictions about suspected rewards because of the sufferings are neglected today by both Hebrews and Christians. This fact makes the discussion in the paper more picturesque in arguments and facts. Schneidlin’s translation of the book gives more suppositions about the manner of initial expressions included in the book in the ancient language of Hebrew. Thus, the Jewish understanding of the Jewish religious approach is well maintained in the translation of the Book of Job by Raymond Schneidlin. Reward-punishment paradigm should not be understood categorically, but with a mere extent of its essence and significance for believers. Beginning the discussion it is vital, first of all, to mention that the main hero in the Biblical book underwent many severe trials. He was blamed and even left by all closest people owing to his faith that God will never leave him. This is why the main idea of the book touches upon the etalon of Job for believers. Looking at the ordeals of Job, one can hardly exaggerate the extent of his sufferings and time of sadness which was in his destiny. For some reason Job was void of all amenities for life. He was one of the richest men in the land of Utz. The paradigm of his sufferings throughout the book is equivocal due to many suppositions. First of all, when comparing, for example, the people of Israel in their chase from Egypt, the sufferings inflicted to them by God were rather deserved. People many times ignored what God said. Furthermore, they tried to make another God using the golden calf. Of course, the Promised Land was seen only by few of them. Sufferings of Israel were the result of their stubbornness in understanding and making things, as they wish. On the contrary, Job was righteous enough to be cursed and blamed in his life. He followed the Covenant and made sacrifices for God. His destiny was unfair, and according to the points of common sense he was like a “glutton for punishment”. He appeared to be so due to the desire of God to demonstrate before the devil devotion of Job and his inner motives to serve in accordance to the Law. Job represented his readiness to the days of sorrow in his life. However, he never felt sad during the whole period of suffering, which lasted almost a year. In this respect the main objection of Satan to God about Job was that it is due to his prosperity and health that he is blameless and righteous. This idea was a stimulus for God to show the real “face” of Job. Moreover, the sufferings of Job are a representation of how a man values his living without every material good. In other words, it is a description of whether a man depends on w
Abstract The application of nursing and interdisciplinary theories is commonly promoted in modern nursing and healthcare practice. The change theory was developed by Kurt Lewin in the 1940s, and many experts recommend its translation into nursing actions to improve the quality of care. In this paper, the analysis of this theory is offered to discuss its unique concepts of unfreezing, moving, and refreezing, as well as forces and equilibrium. Change in health care is an obvious requirement due to which nurses strengthen their skills and knowledge. Therefore, its application is one of the alternatives to understand how to control outcomes and achieve the best results in providing care for specific groups of patients. The evaluation of its pragmatic adequacy, social meaningfulness, and feasibility shows its compatibility with real-life settings like nursing homes with advanced practice nurses as care providers. Introduction The use of interdisciplinary theories is frequently required in the medical profession to explain human behaviors and diseases. Clinical collaboration between nurses and the medical staff is one of the main keys to success and understanding how to offer high-quality care to patients (Mahdizadeh et al., 2015). In this paper, the change theory by Kurt Lewin in the middle of the 20th century will be analyzed from the point of view of its scope, context, content, and application in modern nursing practice. This three-step model (unfreezing, moving, and refreezing) was originated in child psychology of the 1920s when the development of children from one stage to another was studied (Burnes, 2019). It was used as a part of an ethnographic study to understand the nature of change and the worth of leadership in organizational management (Hussain et al., 2018). The same theory was applied to improve and influence change in healthcare facilities or support nurses in transitions. The worth of Lewin’s theory of change is the possibility of pushing participants in the necessary direction, predicting challenges, and achieving the desired success. Summary of the Theory People consider change as a complex process with several rules and unexpected outcomes. However, the application of appropriate theories and models aims at facilitating organizational change, and nurses find it effective to choose the best alternatives. The name of Kurt Lewin is associated with the best achievements in the fields of organizational change and social psychology (Burnes, 2019). His model introduces change as a dynamic force that motivates participants to use available resources and skills to achieve the best results. Scope In nursing, change is an obligatory process that has to be properly c
Among academic realizations of Western Society developments, the interpretations of the West have been generally stating that Western civilization was shaped by the three particular traditions:  1. The classical culture of Greece and Rome;  2. The Christian religion, Western Christianity in particular;  3. The Enlightenment of the modern era. The fact is that, all these matters have been in some extent explained in the works by prominent ancient philosophers. Taking into account the issues of religion in the derivations of western community, Lucretius, in his denunciation of religion was seeking to free the common man from slavery to the state worship. He believes, that, by what amounted to a conspiracy of silence, Varro and Cicero, who knew Lucretius’ poem, refrained from mentioning him in their essays as they considered Lucretius’ doctrine subversive. But Lucretius did not write for the masses. He wrote for all mankind weighted down by superstition and fear. The symbols of pontificate and the augurate on the coins of Caesar period, one of his chief media of propaganda, attest the significance of the official religion in the reorganization of state structure. The final step was taken when Caesar was enshrined among the official gods of the state and provided with a temple, a special priest, and festivals. The state religion, once an instrument used by the senatorial oligarchs to impose their supremacy on the people, had later, and particularly in the era of revolution, served rival groups in party politics. Now, in the control of a supreme ruler, it functioned to support a monarch numbered among the gods of the state. The most well known follower of stoicism as one of the key notions in appearing of the Western Society as we got used to it, was Cicero. He stated that each human embodied the necessary distinction and interior freedom that were capable of overcoming the illogical acts that, in his outlook, were the forerunners of sicknesses. Seneca encouraged the thinking man to rise above his attacks of passion and episodes of irascibility and rage, especially in times of moral corruption and oppressive rule. Health is achievable from within, he observed – a tenet that, many centuries later, was crucial to the philosophies of some Christian sects. As for the Roman origins, one of the philosophers that provide the explanation of that origin is Sallust. He starts his argument of the scheme with several preliminary subsections to set the scene for his proper description. Prior to a lengthy prefatory account of Rome’s rise to magnitude and its slide into extensive dishonesty, which itself is headed by a concise literary portrayal of Catiline’s nature, Sallust notifies the reader of his aim in writing his story, or account, and narrates a bit of his own unsatisfactory skill in the world of Roman political structure. Sovereignty can effortlessly be supported by the same qualities as facilitate a man to obtain it. But when redundancy reinstates industry, when self-control and justice give place to ac
Human beings are different by nature not only in character, but also in logic. Therefore, a single issue can generate many arguments each with a different perspective. However, it is how one defends his or her own view that matters. Philosophers in particular are known to have diverse views regarding different issues including life and death. Plato’s apology and Crito dialogue as well as Martin Luther King Jr.’s letter from Birmingham jail are examples of such diverse philosophical views. It is important to note that in all texts writers do not give direct meaning in their arguments. Plato talks about death in the apology. He views death as an imminent and only savior that will separate philosophers from the lies and inequities of the world. Philosophers should not be happy with the desires of the body such as food, clothes and other materialistic things. Consequently, they should be ready to extricate themselves from the body. Accordingly, Plato views death as a separation of the body and the soul. While the body is finite and has no use after death, the soul is immortal and is the only useful part of a philosopher. Bodily desires and conclusions are regarded as inaccurate and misleading as far as a philosopher’s quest for truth is concerned (Storck, 2009). In this regard, the best realities of life, as well as the truth, are better approached in thought alone. Practicing death will make people approach issues more confidently because they will have nothing to fear. The fear of death is what makes many people fear saying the truth. Consequently, when one is not afraid of death, he or she can be ready to say the truth boldly without fear or favor. Similarly, practicing death will help one approach issues more objectively knowing that the body interferes with one’s judgment. This is the same view held by Socrates in Crito. Socrates is not afraid of death even when it is imminent. He chooses to follow the law and act justly. Plato gives real life examples of how practicing death is vital to philosophers’ lives and to all human beings. Arguably, death is imminent in any human being’s life, whether one prepares for it or not. Therefore, instead of living in fear of something that cannot be avoided, it is sensible to be ready for it, as and when it comes. In the letter from Birmingham Jail King also exudes confidence against death. This seems to be the reason behind his determination. He also urges Black Americans not to fear. In the letter from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. seeks to answer the clergymen who wrote to condemn the Birmingham march. King states that it was the duty of the black people to fight against injustice that was bei