ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Relations between the old and the young are characterized by an essential element of inequality—an outsider would imagine the balance of power to be all on one side. However, Tayeb Salih’s “A Handful of Dates” and Rosario Ferre’s “The Youngest Doll” present insights into the subtleties of such relations of power between the generations. The grandfather in Salih’s story is a man who is in love with his power and pelf, but he has little real power over his grandson. On the other hand, Rosario Ferre’s story reveals the power of the love of an elderly maiden aunt for her nieces. The aunt’s love for her nieces empowers both herself and them; the grandfather’s love of power alienates him from his grandson and from others with loving hearts, who can see into the heart of things. Main body The maiden aunt in Ferre’s story has a somewhat melancholy history—local legend has it that a large prawn burrowed its way into her calf and has remained there ever since—but she overcomes this personal sorrow by giving expression to the vast reserves of love in her heart. She pours her heart into her creations—dolls that represent the nieces whom she loves very much, dolls that give herself and her nieces and everyone else so much joy that “it never occurred to the aunt to sell them for profit, even when the girls had grown up, and the family was beginning to fall into need” (94). She is unmarried but she gets the joy of maternal creation from the dolls that she makes, and “the birth [emphasis mine] of a doll was always cause for a ritual celebration” (94). Love thus transforms a maiden into a mother, the act of creation—referred to significantly as “birth” both giving her joy and allowing her to make others happy. That is true power—the power of love which both engenders love and empowers all who are touched by it. In contrast, the old grandfather in Salih’s story is a man who accepts love and money and other offerings but the reader never sees any evidence of his giving anything at all in return. The boy attests at the beginning of the story that “I loved him and would imagine myself, when I grew to be a man, tall and slender like him, walking along with great strides” (141). The boy was intelligent—unlike his brothers and cousins—and would fulfill all his grandfather’s wishes even before these were expressed in words: I used to know when my grandfather wanted me to laugh when to be silent; also I would remember the times for his prayers and would bring him his prayer-rug and fill the ewer for his ablutions without his having to ask me. When he had nothing else to do he enjoyed listening to me reciting to him from the Koran in a lilting voice, and I could tell from his face that he was moved. (141). The love flows from grandson to grandfather as water flows from the river to the sea. The great ocean accepts the offerings of the humble river and perhaps expects the river to be grateful for the privilege. Masood skews the balance of this relationship
The globalization process has changed a range of cultures significantly, promoting their fusion and encouraging the sharing of experiences and blending of philosophies. However, some culture-specific concepts that are deemed appropriate in certain states clash with the culture of others so hard that its proponents have to adapt, changing its appearance while retaining the essence intact. Specifically, the concept of guanxi as a crucial part of Chinese business needs to be elaborated upon as one of the most accurate examples of cultural elements being dissolved in the global economic environment (Ruan, 2016). Although the concept of guanxi has been seen as generally negative in the western culture due to the unnecessary connections to nepotism, the slight changes that it has undergone while China was adjusting to the global market allowed guanxi to morph into the idea of collaboration and unity as the foundational principles of Confucianism. From the perspective of western culture, the phenomenon of guanxi can be considered as a rather controversial one, namely due to the multiple similarities that the specified concept shares with nepotism once the system is abused. However, one should admit that the concept of guanxi only approaches the phenomenon of nepotism if the parties involved in the transactions are only concerned with their personal goals and benefits instead of the greater mission of sustaining social connections (Owen&Xuezi, 2013). In other cases, guanxi is a much more nuanced and multi-layered phenomenon that offers great potential for developing important social connections. Indeed, within Chinese society, guanxi allows forming the bonds that reinforce the cultivation of strong business relationships. More importantly, the concept of guanxi leads to the creation of mutual trust in business relationships (Ruan, 2016). Although the specified observation could be seen as irrelevant and even naïve, it, in fact, leads to the realization that the Japanese business relationships based on guanxi can improve to become healthier. With the focus on the greater goal and a set of values that support it rather than on the idea of personal gain, participants of business interactions build the economy that helps to bridge the gap between personal issues and business objectives. However, as Japan started its foray into the global economy, it had to change multiple traditions in order to adjust to the environment of the international business setting. As a result, a range of notions that are used t guide business processes has been cast aside or changed. Guanxi has also experienced certain changes, which may have led to questioning its legitimacy and even erasing it from the environment of
Introduction History claims that Mexicans living in America once occupied states that were initially parts of Mexico, such as Texas, California, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. Their immigration is traced back to the 19th century when they were forced to move upstate due to the increasing violence in the name of a ‘Mexican revolution’ and worst off—an economic depression. Presently, the Americans of Mexican descent form a large number of the industrial task force. This is because of their relentless ability to work and give out satisfying results. In the book, “Becoming Mexican American: ethnicity, culture, and identity in Chicano Los Angeles 1900-1945”, the author, Sánchez, addresses various issues that led to the immigration of Mexican into the United States. Society Crisis as the Main Reason for Mexican Immigration Community crisis is the main factor that led to the immigration of Mexicans to the United States. It developed when the Mexicans could not be able to depend on themselves—and their government at the time due to the harsh economic situation caused by the revolution. As a result, those who felt the threat much earlier saw the need of relocating from their motherland to the northern country where there were assured employments in the farms and industry. Peace prevailed and security was more assured than back at home where there could be an appraisal any time without prior warning. The scare tactics were so effective in alarming the Mexican population that local businessmen began to worry about losing an abundant reliable supply of cheap labor beyond their immediate crisis (Sanchez, 1995, p. 215). Safety and peace also convinced many Mexicans to migrate into the United States. The book at the beginning highlights a period of Mexican revolution from the Spaniards. At such times, it was hard to secure peace and tranquility. Most of the Mexican citizens were fighting for their independence and as a result, most homes were burnt down or destroyed during this revolt. The northern states were affected less by the revolution, thus they had peace. This caused most of the Mexicans to move north to find a safe dwelling place. It is also evident when Gonzales composed a tune after brushing shoulders with many celebrated commanders that had spearheaded the revolt while working as dishwashers in America. Gonzales claimed to compose a tune after
Introduction In 1933, Franklin Delano Roosevelt ascended to the presidency of the United States of America that at that time remained in the state of disastrous crisis. Facing the necessity to deal with the Great Depression, the economic downturn that started in 1929, I launched the New Deal program. It led to the restructuring of the American economy and the establishment of the new model of relations between business, labor force, and the state (Roark, Johnson, Cohen, Stage, & Hartmann, 2013). The decision to spend money on developing the system of infrastructure across the country provided the unemployed with the workplaces. Together with that, I reformed the banking system and stock exchange and made farmers feel comfortable in the economic environment. Moreover, I focused on the protection of civil rights and guaranteed that black and other racial minority employees received the same wages as the white ones and that women obtained the right to enter job positions (Ferguson, 1984). Analysis Concentrating on solving domestic problems and building a powerful state, I promised myself that I would focus on the internal affairs till the moment my country experienced total economic recovery, that is why I did not intervene in Latin America when Mexico took over American oil holdings. Nevertheless, I did not want to lead my motherland to isolation, so the United States recognized the Soviet Union in 1933 and announced Good Neighbor policy with Latin America in 1934. Still, it was complicated to stay neutral when Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in 1936 and Japan’s aggression upon China in 1937, but I remained unprovoked. I managed to adhere to the policy of neutrality even when World War II outburst in Europe. Even though the United States provided Great Britain and France with arms, the decision to export military equipment to European countries was purely economic in its nature, as the country needed additional sources of income, so, it added to the growth of the gross domestic product. What is more, I came to a determination of strengthening military powers and defense capability as I observed the developments in international relations and the World War picking up the speed. I made this decision regardless of growing internal anti-arming propaganda assuring my nation that the United States would remain neutral as long as possible. It was not until the 1941 Japan attack on Pearl Harbor that the United States armed forces joined the war (Roark et. al, 2013). Entering a war, on the one hand, had a profound social impact as more than 16 million people were forced to military service during the war. On the other, it helped completely overcome and neutralize the consequences of the Great Depression as the United States provided the Axis needs for armaments so that the American economy stepped into a new period of growth and prosperity. I hope that one day my country will become a victor in this war. As for now, the major industrial powers were destroyed by the military actions leaving us with the potential of becoming a monopoly in manufacturing essential products and an industrial giant. I
Introduction Raising a child is not an easy task; however, parents should always remember that all their actions towards a child will find a reflection in his future life, character, temperament, and decisions. Thus, the ability to complete the virtual child project seems to be significant and essential to get better involved in parenting and try a hand at raising a virtual child. The paper is focused on describing initial ideas about the parenting, temperament characteristics of a child, challenges, and accomplishments of a virtual child. Virtual child, NuNu is an active and communicative boy that shows interest in art, and the teacher stresses that it is his strength. The process of raising a child is interesting but demanding. Main body I have always thought that parents make a valuable contribution to positive child development; however, I could never imagine how difficult it can be. The virtual child project helped me to understand my parents better. My initial views on parenting were rather narrow, and I did not take into consideration a variety of aspects. Every action influences a child significantly, and thus, parents should be responsible and act appropriately in order not to harm a child. I was sure that children learn from the world around them. My ideas regarding raising a child were close to the theory of cognitive developmental theories described by Piaget (Barrouillet, 2015). I am sure that every child goes through certain stages of cognitive development, and there is a certain pattern that can be traced in every child. Every person gains information regarding the world based on observation. Piaget claims that children are small scientists and explore the world attentively (Barrouillet, 2015). Temperament determines self-regulation, attention, and emotions. First and foremost, it should be stressed that individuals usually combine different characteristics of each type of temperament. According to Thomas and Chess’s model of temperament, NuNu is an easy child (Fountoulakis, Gonda, Koufaki, Hyphantis, & Cloninger, 2016). As an infant, he was active and cheerful. I dedicated a lot of time to develop his cognitive skills and abilities and engaged him in games that contributed to the development, for example, puzzles. However, as it was stated above, people usually combine different types of temperament, and that is, NuNu is sometimes not active and morose. NuNu interacts with people and the environment, although sometimes has
The curriculum can be regarded as a backbone of a county’s education that is influenced by social, economic, political and cultural peculiarities of the nation. It is possible to compare two curriculum models to unveil some characteristics of different approaches. The USA curriculum can be compared with the one used in Singapore as these two countries can be regarded as leading nations when it comes to economic and social stability. One of the major differences between the two curriculum models is the focus as the US educators employ a learner-centered approach while Singapore teachers utilize a subject-centered paradigm (Sparapani, Perez, Gould, Hillman, & Clark, 2014). In the USA, the development of a life-long learner is one of the most important goals while this aspect has little attention in Singapore (Hogan, 2014). The methods used to deliver the curriculum model also differ as Singaporean teachers rely on textbooks and drills while US teachers provide more freedom to students and tend to encourage students to think critically rather than memorize facts. A quick comparison of major peculiarities of the curricula of two countries is provided in a chart below. Details            USA                                                                                                                                                   Singapore                                                                                                          Focus              Learner-centered                                                                                                                                      Subject-centered                                                                                                   Structure          Different levels (federal, state and so on)                                                                                                           Highly centralized                                                                                                 Delivery           Lecturing, discussions, experiential approach (students solve problems)                                                                               Lectures, drills                                                                                                   Assessment         Tests are consistent with the curriculum                                                                                                              Tests are consistent with the curriculum                                                                           Diversity          A significant part of the curriculum                                                                                                                  An insignificant part of the curriculum
The first step in project implementation is planning. The main goal of International Delicacies will be based value generation approach. It is expected that the new channel of distribution will help employees attract more customers and reduce work overload. For instance, International Delicacies that stores the goods which a customer wants can sort and pack these goods considerably more efficiently than the store and can be located out of town in an industrial park or other area where cheap rents are available (Turban, 2005). The second step is to attract outsourcing team in order to launch the project quickly. The befits of outsourcing is that it will help managers to save costs on training courses (out of work) and reduce the time usually spend on project implementation. Moreover, staffing requirements are lower, the incidence of in-store theft is reduced, and the hours of operation can be extended. The outsourcing will cover web-site design, system implementation and professional training of employees. It is expected that the majority of employees have good computer skills and knowledge in order to manage the site and process online orders (Schneider, 2003). The third step in project planning is selection of project management software. It is expected that the company will use Primavera Project Planner. Tracking activities of Primavera Project Planner is simple, so it will not require long-term training programs for employees. Still, in order to introduce online store, it is important to train staff and educate them about the main principles and tools used in online operations. The staff should be well aware of the issue that business companies use e-commerce for selling purposes only. They create web-sites in order to popularize their brand and attract potential consumers. A good example of the use of the Internet in this way is to keep rapidly changing catalogues on-line. International Delicacies has an online catalogue so it will not add additional problems for staff (Turban, 2005). The next step is to implement online sales and attract potential customers. This enables, for the first time, the opportunity to bring shopping out of the traditional store, supermarket and
Introduction The concept of ‘Fact image’ in cinema is an issue that has typically been deferred in support of assessing the foreseeable constructional culture of cinematic narrative and images, a constructional culture that is normally comprehended in terms of psychoanalytic and linguist models. Gilles Deleuze’s study of cinematic concepts beams on decoding by ontology, and he is of the opinion that cinema must be seen as permitting real inhabitation and supporting the realization of an exacting form of being. It is the expectation in this paper to discuss neorealism following diverse modes that are useful in cinematic realism. This would be structured along with the thoughts of Andre Bazin as developed upon and revitalized by Deleuze. This discussion will hinge articulately on resonating Bazin and Deleuze’s potentials, understanding, and interpretation of the form of film and neorealist images, as well as their perception of the real and time in productive cinema; which creates novelty through son and op signs. As such, the paper will attempt to answer question one from the given major Essay topics. The stimulation of thought and perceptional alertness of two neorealist films will be analyzed to elaborate in crystal details Bazin and Deleuze’s ideas. The two selected neorealist films for elaborate analysis are:   * Days of Heaven: A Terrence Malick directed a 1978 film starring Sam Shepard, Richard Gere, Linda Manz, and Brooke Adams – a story based on Abby and Bill, two underprivileged lovers. And;   * Night Cries: A 1990 Australian Tracey Moffatt directed film that projects rural tragedy. Deleuze Versus Bazin The most clearly pronounced Deleuze’s credit to Bazin’s idea on cinema is his adaptation of Bazin’s historical approach which forms the principal structure for Deleuze’s Cinema One and Cinema Two. In the works, Deleuze keeps to the footsteps of Bazin in delineating a recognizable history that projects the inherent tendencies in the particular cinematic idea, instead of being concentrated on phenomenological film-viewing-experience portrait, or specifically concentrating on the historical context of cinematic apparatus which are entrenched in relations of socialism. Deleuze places his cinematic work image narration alongside a noticeably distinct ‘total cinema’ conception as a more resolute fable in the easiest figure as a transfer to time-image from movement-image (Jayamanne, p.2001). This is hitherto encircling further copious bifurcations and changes in film-presentational relevancies. Also, Deleuze, in this official account, provides a corresponding significance and recognition to neorealism in a similar fashion as is associated with Bazin who emphasizes recognition to neorealistic roles that divulge and composition the film narrative progression. Notable for the shot-in-depth use, both Welles: ‘…mark more or less the beginning of a new period’ (Bazin, 1972, p.37). This fresh mark is strengthened by the cinematic long take of neorealism: ‘Welles seems to have been the first to have opened this breach, where neo-realism and the new wave were to be introduced