ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The American Airlines (AA) is a plausible case study organization for linking the theory on diversity management and its roles in fostering the performance of an organization with actual reality on the ground. The organization operates an intensive domestic and international air transport networks. Being in the managerial position, I play critical roles in ensuring that the organization excels in terms of achieving its key objectives, hence its performance, by enhancing cute management of these diversities (Dobbs, 1996, pp. 351-367). The failure of the organization to campaign for the management of diversity in terms of gender, race, age, community values, sexual affection, income levels, work experience, parental status, religious beliefs, ethnicity, religion, and physical abilities among its key stakeholders-suppliers, employees, and customers-is the central cause of the witnessed problem of workforce diversity. Overall, it translated to poor performance within the organization. Identity of the problem under study Organizational diversity here refers to the myriads of differences existing among people working in the AA with regard to the aforementioned parameters like gender, race, amongst others. On the other hand, workforce diversity management refers to “a comprehensive managerial process for developing an environment that works for all employees” (Kellough, 1990, pp. 557-566). Workforce diversity is a problem that not only bothers the AA but also the workers themselves. This follows since mishandling of the various diverse affiliations of people impairs their morale. To the AA, this is an immense disadvantage to its productivity since reduced workforce morale impairs negatively its profitability due to reduced workers’ output. Workforce diversity is a problem here to the extent that its inappropriate management results to low workers’ altitude towards work. Failure to manage organizational workforce diversity in the AA is not a symptom of another more fundamental problem. The fact that the organization employs these people of valid diversities is the root cause of the problem of managing cutely the diverse workforce in order to enhance the performance of the o
Introduction The wedding is a special date in the lives of both a Bride and a Groom. This ceremony is present in different cultures. Traditionally, in American society, a white wedding is commonly spread. The ceremony got its name due to the color of a Bride’s dress ( American Wedding para.1). The white wedding has its traditions and takes a special place in American Culture. Analysis One of the most important and widely known symbols of a wedding is a white Bride’s dress. Traditionally, the white color of a dress symbolizes the untouchable purity of a girl ( Christian Wedding Traditions para. 15). However, through time, the dress’ color became less important. In the XX century, Brides started to choose clothes in different colors: blue, gray, silver, yellow, brown, and even black. The style of a dress usually represents popular tendencies of current times. The tradition to escort a Bride by her father is also popular. It means that a father presents his daughter as a pure virgin to her future husband. It also means the process of the father’s approval of her daughter’s choice and blesses the union. This tradition also has religious roots ( Christian Wedding Traditions para. 14). It is considered that a wedding is more the Bride’s day and that the only Groom’s responsibility is to say “I do” at the appropriate moment. However, it is not entirely true. The traditional white wedding has a certain Groom’s duties. In particular, the Groom has to make particular efforts to get the right to marry: to answer questions in Slavic culture or to sing serenade in Spanish culture. The meaning of this tradition is that a man should deserve an honor to become a husband. In general, a wedding is more important for a Bride. However, this date is also important for a man, and he has certain responsibilities and traditional patterns. According to homosexual marriage, it could be both religious and civil. It was estimated that gay couples have a more simple relation to marriage. They spend less money and less time on the ceremony preparation. In general, traditional aspects of a wedding ceremony are similar for the homosexual and heterosexual wedding (Daly and Long 75). Same-sex marriage is more often a civil ceremony than a religious one. It could be explained by the long-term history of religious intolerance toward homosexual people. However, the Christian church allowed same-sex marriage, and couples have an opportunity to marry religiously (Hall 15). Conclusion It could be concluded that the wedding symbolizes the holy unity of a Bride and a Groom. Historically, marriage was closely associated with religious beliefs, while nowadays this ceremony could be both civil and religious. Nowadays, heterosexual and homosexual weddings are, in general, similar. Works Cit
Character and perspective play a significant role in any literary work, and the function of these elements may vary in different creations. For instance, Zhou and Hall claim that the perspective of the writing reflects its author’s voice (346). Understanding the role of the literary work’s perspective is essential to understand what the author has intended to tell the readers. This paper aims to investigate the importance of character and perspective in The Bone Cage by Angie Abdou. That importance is well demonstrated in the first pages of the book, which is written in the third-person perspective. The author describes people in the book, saying that they avoid other people’s eyes “not because they know how bad they look, not because they’re in any way embarrassed” (Abdou 2). These words illustrate that using the third-person perspective allows the author to describe characters and present them reasonably, not hiding anything or changing facts. It can often be difficult for people to be themselves in the real world because of their fears and prejudice, but it is possible in a book. I would argue that the author creates characters and has the right to show their authentic selves, and the third-person perspective allows the author to be honest with their readers yet makes them vulnerable. Furthermore, it is crucial to understand that a literary work is created with the intention that some people read it and gain some knowledge or information from it. Therefore, writers are likely to think about the message sent to their readers when the work is finished. According to Dahlstrom and Rosenthal, narratives have the potential to influence the audience through their writings (343). Moreover, researchers suggest that narrative messages might be compelling for influencing the readers and that directly depends on the writing’s perspective (Dahlstrom and Rosenthal 343). Third-person perspective allows the author to make their read
Introduction Jane Eyre is a fictional character created by Charlotte Bronte. The character is the protagonist in a novel that gained commercial and critical acclaim 170 years ago. Jane Eyre’s character explored the challenges faced by a girl in a journey from childhood to adulthood. At the same time Jane Eyre symbolizes the struggle of the social classes in 19 th century England. Social Classes It is more than a coming-of-age novel. Jane Eyre wanted to explore the world on her own. The story traced the development of the ten year old child as a hapless prey in an oppressive household, to someone who returned with the power to change her fortune. A child went out of the door and a full-grown woman came back many years later to claim what was rightfully hers. It is both a dramatic and romantic tale that follows a familiar pattern. But Bronte was not content with a simple storyline because she interspersed it with the struggle of the social classes (Shuttleworth 148). At the same time it is a story about “upward female mobility and flagrant female rebellion (Shuttleworth 148). These are ideas not yet accepted in 19 th century England. It is also a novel that reflects the significant changes that had been occurring in 19 th century England. A modern world is about to emerge from centuries of traditions. This was remarkably illustrated in Jane Eyre through the evolution of a poor girl into a woman of influence. Her success was made possible only through dogged determination and hard work as described in the following commentary: “As with the productive working-class body, the reproductive energies of the female boyd had to be fully utilized, without transgressing the fine line of regulatory social control” (Shuttleworth 160). Hence, Jane Eyre kept on pushing but at the same time she is mindful of her limitations. But this did not bother her to destroy the hurdles set before her. Jane Eyre mirrors the changes that occur during that period in English history. Through the rapid changes in technology there emerged a new class. The middle class reared its head in the 19 th century and Bronte simply wrote about its impact to society (Bell & Offen 271). The middle class are not slaves and servants. At the same time they are not part of the aristocrats. They are not rich but they have the means to improve themselves and made their existence indispensable to the wealthier members of society (Bell & Offen 271). This newfound power was the result
Market penetration refers to the ratio of the total number of customers who purchase a certain commodity at any given period of time to the total targeted population. It involves either increasing the current market share of an existing product or promoting a new product into an existing market. Thus, it basically encompasses all activities by a company aimed at popularizing its brand within a market with existing similar products. Successful market penetration is achieved when the company is able to convince and take over competitors’ clients as well as obtaining new clients for its products. Common strategies employed to achieve market penetration include, adjusting prices, promotions, product improvement advertising and increasing distribution channels. A company can effectively increase its market share through adjusting the prices of its products in such a way that they offer slightly lower prices compared its close competitors. Low prices are meant to appeal and attract more customers who are willing to offer a lower amount for the same products. A general assumption made here is that higher prices deter potential customers from purchasing products and the reason for lowering prices is to increase the total number of product units purchased as compared to sales from competitors (Aake
Confusion about Art Deco and Depression styles is common even among scholars who fail to notice the significant differences in the artistic directions. Art Deco is a French stylistic trend that stems from the Lalique, Art Noveau, and works of the famous artist Picasso. In contrast, the Depression style presents the difficulties of poor mental states of working people and seeks for them to find comfort in Depression art. Overall, even though the aforementioned artistic directions are sometimes mixed into the Deco style, they are entirely different and carry distinct meanings to society. To elaborate, the styles are dissimilar in their primary characteristics, materials, colors, and shapes. Thus, Art Deco is more provocative with bright tones and attractive ornaments, such as triangles, zigzags, and even trapezoids. This direction is loud and eye-catching, considering that the art is in some way chaotic with all its different motives and influences, but still beyond outstanding. Furthermore, Art Deco is about manufactured materials when it comes to sculpture and architecture, which is evident from the interior of Radio City Music Hall at the Rockefeller Center (Soren, 2018). In contrast, the Depression direction pertains to negative or melancholic feelings, as presented in the design of Hotel Ambassador in Bucharest (Soren, 2018). Moreover, the art is rather minimalistic and less provocative compared to Art Deco since it does not particularly burst with color and countless geometric influences. In fact, as the founder of the Depression style, Raymond Loewy, says, the style is appropriately balanced between the lack and outburst of detail (Soren, 2018). By and whole, Art Deco and Depression differ in their characteristics and their meanings as they bring unlike messages to the viewers. Reference Soren, D. (2017). Art History, Popular Culture and the Cinema (1st ed.). Kendall Hunt Publishing.
Oil is regarded as a national power, an influential factor influencing world economies and a major force in international affairs. Oil is considered a finite resource, but there is much disagreement about the amount of its supply (Macmillan 2000, p. 51). International oil prices are erratic (Macmillan 2000, p. 54). Therefore, every country possessing oil resources strives for ensuring the functioning of the system working on providing the highest profit for the state based on energy production. Decisions involved in the process of oil production appear to be rather challenging, as they rely on many important issues (Suslick, Schiozer & Rodriguez 2009, p. 37). The aim of this work is to investigate the specifics of contract negotiation and taxation for the new petroleum discovery in a particular country. Uganda, a developing country that discovered oil in Albertine Graben in 2006, was chosen for the investigation. Proper analysis of fiscal regime, taxation issues, and other influential factors will help to provide recommendations of the key factors that should be considered in contract negotiations for Uganda. Fiscal regime A fiscal regime is aimed at providing benefits for government and companies and ensuring that investor receives the expected return. The fiscal instruments vary in every country, as all countries have specific objectives and boundary conditions, which have an impact on the development of the policy. Petroleum activities in Uganda are governed by the country’s petroleum fiscal regime based on the production sharing (Twinamatsiko n.d., p. 2). The fiscal instruments include signature bonuses, rentals, royalty incremental, income tax (30%), withholding taxes (15%), state participation (15%), cost recovery (60%), tax credit, ring fencing, initial allowances, etc. The contractor should be aware that under a production sharing arrangement, he/she is entitled to “cost recovery from a specified percentage of gross oil or gas production after deduction of any applicable royalty” ( Uganda 2013, p. 5). The petroleum agreement regulates the process of dividing the production among the government and contractor. It takes place after deduction of royalty and cost recovery and is made on a sliding scale. The contractor must pay income tax “on the proceeds of the sale of their share of profit oil under the petroleum agreement” ( Uganda 2013, p. 5). Each contract area is ring-fenced for tax purposes and is taxed as a separate taxpayer. Signature bonuses are vital for ensuring the upfront revenue received by government and have an impact on the cash flow of the companies. Royalties let the government guarantee that charges for petroleum extraction are not very high. As they have an impact on the marginal cost, in some situations they can discourage the contractors. There are certain fiscal instruments specific for Uganda’s policy that can be considered by investors taking part in negotiating contracts as attractive and
Introduction Hamas is an acronym of Harakat al-Muqawamat al-Islamiyyah which also meant Islamic Movement. It is a socio-political organization found in Islamic Palestine and includes a paramilitary unit known as the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. This organization has been the authoritative power of Gaza, a location of Palestinian Territories (Nasrawi, p. 30). Hamas’ origins can be officially traced back to the year 1987 when it was founded by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, Mohammad Taha and Abdel Aziz al Rantissi who were from an organization called The Muslim Brotherhood based in Egypt. This was after the First Intifada which was precipitated by the Arab world’s intense uprising against Israel which was assumed to be the ruler of Palestine. Israel had started occupying Palestine after Israel’s victory in the Six-Day War in 1967. The Hamas was founded between the years 1967 to 1987 and during this period there was a Social Institution Building whereby there was a marked increase in the number of mosques from 200 to 600 in Gaza. The Muslim Brotherhood based in Egypt played a very important role because Hamas was established as an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood (Abuza, p. 456). The main objective of Hamas was to gain direct control of the Intifada, and most of all gain an upper hand on the Palestinian demonstrations and align it with the fundamentalism of the Islam movement. In reality, it is one among the many Palestinian resistance groups; for example the PLO that was formed in order to gain control of the Palestinian movement as well as endorse Islamic view (Hider, p. 100). Hamas was founded between 1967 and 1987 by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, Abdel Aziz al Rantisi and Mohammed Taha and they came from an organization named Muslim Brotherhood which originated from Egypt. There was another military branch of Hamas named the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades that was established in 1992 and mostly conducted numerous attacks against the Israeli occupation of the Palestine territory (Fighel, p. 121). The Hamas leader, Sheikh Ahmed Yassin in 2004 declared that Hamas would restore the Palestinian historical rights by ending the armed resistance but in exchange for a Palestinian territory in the Gaza strip and the West Bank as well as east Jerusalem. In January 2004, the Hamas most senior official, Abdel Aziz-al Rantisi presented ‘hudna’ (10-year ceasefire) in return for the Palestinian establishment and a complete pull out of the Israeli Army from the regions captured in 1967. Israel totally rejected this statement by Abdel Aziz and termed it hypocritical. Abdel Aziz and his counterparts were later killed by the Israeli airstrikes (Wolfson, p. 72). In August 2004, a ceasefire was observed in Be’er Sheva, southern Israeli town where fifteen people succumbed to death and close to 130 were wounded. Nonetheless, in 2005 a group closely linked to Hamas claimed six people on several attacks against the Israelis on West Bank (Nasrawi, p. 45).
Introduction Linguistics and other scholars regard language as a distinct phenomenon in the society. Language contains collective implications that enhance the worth of the collaboration between individuals. It encompasses a social philosophy that is identical among individuals in the society. In language, collective ‘hums’ and meanings are accustomed to precise collective emotions and thoughts. As such, linguistics can be defined as the utilisation of knowledge that people possess about language. The knowledge is utilised to achieve a certain purpose and to reveal communication issues in the real world. Linguistics offer knowledge about a language from a number of perspectives. It provides knowledge in terms of how the language sounds and how it is learned or acquired. The field also provides information on how language is used. In pragmatic terms, some vivid aspects of linguistics are quite visible. Such aspects include features pertaining to communication, social factors, and context. Present emphasis on the significance of context, modernisation of contextual conventions, structure of meaning, and related connotation reveals the varying propensities between linguistics schools. According to Chomsky (2000, p. 32), linguistics is closely related to science. The author argues that it acts both as a tool and a spirit of sciences. Language is regarded as a productive and inventive part of science. Individuals outline their senses and knowledge in the ‘monarchy’ of their linguistic. The variances between the wisdom positions, environments, conducts, occupations, and ‘bents’ of societies from the same linguistic school are replicated in their linguistic acquirement (Lightbown & Spada, 2010). In this paper, the author provides an introduction to behaviourism and rationalism schools of thought and their link to linguistics. Further4, the author discusses the various differences between the two schools of thought. The author also defines the ‘conducts’ within which rationalism has criticised behaviourism. It is important to state at this juncture that when the author makes reference to language acquisition, what they have in mind is the process through which a child succeeds in mastering their native language. The major purpose of this paper is to investigate two opposing approaches to language acquisition. The two are, as already mentioned above, rationalism and behaviourism. Rationalization and the Acquisition and Development of Language Roots of Rationalism Chomsky (1968) considers language to be a natural phenomenon in the society. As a natural phenomenon, language is regarded as an object that should be studied according to the norms of hard sciences. Chomsky (2000) maintains that the naturalistic approach to language attempts to structure a coherent and intelligent explanatory theory. The theory regards as ‘real’ the various aspects of language that are addressed in the quest made by the theory. Chomsky (2000) is of the view that linguists adopting this approach aims to unify linguistics with the major natural sciences. From a ‘Chomskyan’ perspective, linguistics is no