ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Vedic religion is also referred to as the Vedic Brahmanism of Vedism. It is the historical predecessor of Indian religions such as Hinduism. (Franklin, 1972) It’s a religious practice centered mostly on sacrificial rites which were administered by the clergy. This tradition is still widely practiced by a small fraction of the conservative Shrautis today within contemporary Hinduism. The Vedas have recorded liturgy that was connected with the sacrifices and rituals which were performed by the Purohitas. The Rigveda hymns according to traditional views were divinely brought out to the Rishis. These Rishis were considered hearers rather than authors. As noted by Franklin (1972) Rigvedic hymns spoke clearly about composing new and understandable hymns by individual authors who competed with their colleagues. The worship mode was based on worshiping rivers and fire. It also involved the worship of heroic gods such as Indra which was quite similar to the religion practiced by the Greeks. It also involved the performance of sacrifices and chanting heroic songs. The common man was helped in performing rituals by the priests. People spent their time praying for an abundance of rain, children and cattle or wealth, long life, and live in the heavenly world of ancestors. These worship practices have been preserved to date in Hinduism. It involves recitations by a Purohit or the priest from the Vedas. The recitation centers on issues such as wealth, prosperity, and also general wellbeing. The Vedic period The Vedic period in Indian history is the period during which the Vedas, that is, the oldest texts of Hinduism was composed. This period reaches as far back as the Proto-Indo-Iranian times. This period is predicted to have ended at around 500 B.C. The Vedic religion metamorphosed into the current Indian religions such as Vedanta schools of Buddhism and Hinduism. The latter further grew into Puranic Hinduism. The former diversified into Japanese and Chinese schools. The Vedic religion differs from the Upanishads in that while the religious rituals centered on wealth, rain, children, and other material things the Upanishads primarily discussed mostly meditation, philosophy, and the nature of God. It was considered as spiritual or mystic contemplations of the Vedas. (Walpola, 1974) Comparison to the Upanishads While the Vedic religion belonged to a particular period the Upanishads do not have a particular period to which they belong. The Upanishads element of worship holds information on basic Hindu beliefs which includes a universal spirit, Brahman, and individual soul called Atman, and also the belief in a world soul. The Gita which dates b
The process of writing a composition, I believe, encompasses a series of decision-making process. Finding an answer to the questions arising out of such procedure may be a daunting task, especially if the questions ask for the criteria that administer such a choice. There definitely seem to be many differences regarding the criteria of the choices made in writing research literature. Some believe the nature of the readership that guides the writer in choosing the technique, while others believe it depends on the topic, yet others believe that it solely depends on lexical and syntax choices. Therefore, there several arguments that demonstrates the reason for choice of a particular technique in writing an essay. This essay will ascertain the reason for choosing a particular technique in writing a college essay and the effect of choosing the topic. The previous essay that I wrote for this class was a cause and effect composition. A cause and effect essay usually is an amalgamation of information – both primary and secondary – collected over a period for arguing the thesis of the essay and then analyzing it. In the following sections, I will describe the stages of the idea development and writing of the essay, and then describe the process of proofreading and editing of the essay. The pre-writing process is an essential part of writing a composition as this allows the writer to discover the legitimate parts of the composition that should be included in the writing process. Therefore, this is a stage when the whole of the material is to be collected. The actual writing is not done in this stage. For my previous essay, I collected required material for the essay from various sources, and assembled them in a logical fashion in order to bring forth proper meaning out of it. However, one problem that I faced with this stage that while writing an essay, it is difficult to distinguish clearly between the different stages of writing. As a writer, one constantly collecting material, writing, re-writing or editing the composition. Therefore, segregating the material collecting stage as the first step becomes difficult. I believe this stage model fails to capture the moment-to-moment flow of intellect that may occur due to a continuous interaction between the three stages that occur simultaneous and not one at a time. Therefore, this model, I feel, does not demonstrate the process of idea development that occurs inside a writer. Writing of a composition is a difficult task when one has other commitments to look at. I was writing the essay while I had number of other problems gnawing at me, or other decision to I had to take that were troubling me, or I was simply fatigued due to the other works I had done before sitting down to write the essay. The bottom line is, there were thousand other things that may have troub
Action The willingness to engage in continuous professional development can be listed among the key features of an ambitious specialist who does not want to remain complacent. Professional growth is extremely important, and such practices as self-assessment and goal-setting can be helpful in improving one’s ability to cope with different work-related tasks. I identified two goals based on the results of psychiatric self-reflection in order to focus on skills and outcomes that need improvement. This paper places emphasis on actions taken to achieve the goals. To begin with, it was planned to improve my skills related to the third student learning outcome, the ability to perform risk assessment procedures. In order to achieve the above-mentioned goal, I used a variety of measures that involved both theory and practice. When it comes to theory, learning more about the key principles of risk assessment in psychotherapy, such as confidentiality and the absence of prejudiced attitudes, was the initial step taken to achieve the goal. As for practice, I started by conducting my own research to understand what should be done to build more trustful relationships with clients and assess risks more accurately. It helped me to understand that controlling facial expressions is pivotal since some patients can misinterpret them and become less sincere. I used facial expression management techniques when assessing risks to avoid demonstrating any signs of amazement (especially when collecting data on patients’ sexual history, memories related to traumatic events, etc.). This strategy was used to improve risk assessment interventions and make reserved or depressed clients more sincere. To achieve the second goal, it was necessary to learn more about cultural and financial factors and their relation to psychotherapeutic interventions. Understanding that the approach to talk therapy should reflect clients’ cultural background and financial situation, I designed a strategy to improve my cultural competence. For the most part, it included reading literature about ethnic minorities and problems that they usually have (including financial difficulties). In order to incorporate that knowledge into practice and reach the goal, I worked with clients belonging to various ethnic groups such as African Americans, Asian Americans, American Indians, and others. Also, I tried to learn more about different cultures to reduce the harmful effect of stereotypes. Asking clients whether they associated themselves with their native culture and encouraging them to share honest opinions about certain traditions were actions helping to achieve the goal (Consoli, Beutler, & Bongar, 2017). The information on clients’ beliefs and attitudes toward family traditions was actively used
The selected new product is Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra, the flagship launched by the company on March 29, 2021. The given product is projected to be a higher-end supplement to the existing product line that has already gained vast popularity and comprises smartphones, including Mi 11i, Mi 11 Lite, and Mi 11 Lite 5G. In this version, Xiaomi’s creators put the camera at the edge of the corner, providing it with an unusual design and unprecedented capabilities. As a result, Mi 11 Ultra has already ranked first on DxOMark’s smartphone camera chart as a phone with the most potent camera. This product is primarily attractive to such consumer types as innovators and early adopters. The name of the product entirely meets the set expectations and fits with the product. The word “Ultra” generally implies something extreme, newest, or pushed to the limit, which is embodied in Mi 11 Ultra. In particular, it has three ultra-wide module cameras with a resolution of 50, 48, and 48 MP, a viewing angle of 128 degrees, and five-fold optical and 120-fold hybrid magnification. Such extraordinary characteristics make this smartphone not only the best camera phone but also enable it to take better pictures than some compact digital cameras. Nevertheless, Xiaomi uses standard packaging, namely, an essential pack that highlights only necessary, relevant points and removes excessive ones. Concerning the diffusion, Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra is expected to penetrate the local and international marketplaces quickly due to several characteristics. First, the product has high observability, especially on YouTube; the official video has received almost 50 thousand views in only 9 hours. Moreover, since the launch of this product was planned three months ago, videos related to Mi 11 Ultra have already obtained millions of views. In addition, Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra possesses a relative advantage, primarily in the power of its camera, battery, and charger.
The demand for protecting human rights is a significant sign of social institutions improvements. Indian legislation established in the sixteenth century is an excellent example of the early attempts to protect human rights. The laws of the modern society include similar statements, yet have differences appeared due to the historical experiences of humanity, such as World Wars. This paper aims to compare the Indian legislation of the sixteenth century to the modern United Nations’ Human Rights Declaration. The expansion of Spanish colonies demanded regulative laws to establish proper relations between the Spaniards and the conquered nations. The formation of Indian legislation began from the Laws of Burgos that considered the welfare of conquered Indians who were often threatened by the Spanish occupants. Then, in 1542, the New Laws of The Indies were formatted by King Charles and included more detailed and justified regulations. The establishment of such rules was the attempt to the sins against the Indians, such as cruelty and disrespect towards them (Casas 23). The regulations were based on the most recent theories about freedom and human rights. Indeed, the conquered people were considered free individuals with the right to choose a job and be paid for their work. Human rights are mainly protected by the United Nations established after World War II to prevent the war’s horrors from repeating and for people involved in the crimes against humanity to answer for their deeds. United Nations claim that “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights” (“Universal Declaration of Human Rights” 1). This statement reveals the central thesis of human rights protection and results from historical events and society’s improvements. The most significant resemblance of the New Laws of The Indies and Human Rights Law of the United Nations is the obligation to consider human rights as the primary basis for establishing the local regulations. Modern laws address the intolerance to crimes against these rights, such as genocide, offenses against humanity, and war crimes (“Human Rights Law”). The regulations of the sixteenth century were established to protect Indians from similar crimes of Spaniards. Casas in the “Destruction of the Indies” calls to prevent “injustice done to innocent people, destroying and tearing them apart without having a just cause or reason for it” (15). Casas also describes people’s life in different Spanish colonies, and provides evidence of fundamental human rights violations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights has a strong power of human rights protection regardless of nation, identity, or location of a population. The Indian legislation’s statements did not include the established laws to define nations’ rights different from Indian. This contrast shows how different the understanding of humanity was at the times of the New Laws of The Indies from the modern one. The comparison of these two human rights protecting regulations also reveals vast differences in the
Introduction Water pollution has a deeply lasting impact on the global community, affecting public health and the environment. The connection between water pollution and the issues such as health rates and environmental issues might seem tenuous, yet water contamination has a direct impact on people’s health and the safety of habitats, as well as different species. Several factors that may lead to water pollution are typically mentioned as the ones of the greatest impact. These include increased production of domestic waste, active use of pesticides, detergents or any other type of chemicals that interact with the environment aggressively, and industrial waste (Liu et al., 2018). The latter includes wastewater effluents from plants and other production facilities that emit waste (Wang et al., 2018). In addition to direct consumption of water that has been contaminated and may contain viruses of dangerous infectious diseases, there is a possibility of water trickling further into the soil and contaminating groundwater. The described process affects the environment on a very profound level by increasing the instances of waterborne illnesses among people and animal species. In addition, the quality of soil and the crops that are produced using it drop respectively, causing an ecological catastrophe. Due to the negative effects of pollution, numerous habitats disappear, which causes local endemics to become extinct (Wang et al., 2018). As a result, multiple natural processes are disrupted, which leads to more diseases and even more drastic outcomes for people and local species (Wang et al., 2018). Therefore, the issue of water pollution must be managed using both the support of local authorities and the assistance of citizens. Innovative Solution: A Critical Review The application of the new sanitation principles represents a new method of reducing the levels of water pollution and curbing the extent of its negative effects on living organisms. The specified technique implies addressing the issue of water contamination by introducing it to anaerobic treatment (Díaz-Báez & Valderrama-Rincon, 2017). Specifically, the proposed technique implies introducing organic sludge to contaminated water in order to purify it from waste. During the anaerobic treatment of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion (AT in UASB), water is processed with the help of the blanket that forms on the surface of the tank and distils clean water from waste elements (Wang et al., 2018). Along with AT in UASB, the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) approach is often proposed as equally effective. In fact, several studies point to the fact that the EGSB-based strategy is likely to yield better results since the specified EGSB can be combined with glucose more effectively (Wang et al., 2018). The described reaction is critical to the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), which launches the mechanism of water purification (Díaz-Báez & Valderrama-Rincon, 2
Introduction The Russian revolution is also referred as Bolshevik revolution. There were two kinds of revolution. The first revolution happened in February when Czar abandoned his sovereignty and the provisional government was formed. Russian revolution was significant in history of the world. During the early period of twentieth century, Russia was an enormous empire, extended from pacific to Poland. It was a territory of 165 million human populations of several languages, cultures, and religions. Governing such a huge state was complicated since the challenges in the empire cause an upheaval in 1917 that phased out the old structure away. Russia was shaken by two key attackers of supremacy. The Tsars of the empire were swapped by a pair of synchronized revolutionary governments, that is, socialist government and liberal government. However, after sometime, the socialist assembly grabbed power and established the initial world socialist government. Difference over new ideologies and laws, lack of rights, and lack of representation brought tension between Czars and their opponents. The rising democratic values on the Western Europe offered a firm confrontation against Russia in order to advocate for development in the empire. Firm liberal and socialist confrontations were raised against the existing government. Russian Revolution Economic factors lead to Russia revolution. There was misery, exploitation, and poverty among the people. Russia was a backward empire. Prominent personality and royal family possessed huge agricultural land. People also utilized primitive devices and methods of farming that were not prolific. The situation of peasants became worse because they paid large amount of tributes and rents to their landowner each year. This caused great dissatisfaction among farmers who were compelled to rebel against the government of czar as a way to end economic depression and social unrest [1] . Russian empire was also backward in industrial sector. It relied heavily on foreign capital. Laborers and employees were forced to endure depressed working situations. Workers got low earnings and worked for at least twelve hours in each day. Laborers had to attended work duties without medical care and the condition was severe whenever an accident took place. Workers were not given weekly holiday and trade union was perceived as an offense 1 . Besides, the existing government was not committed to promote better conditions. Russian citizens experienced hardship from diseases, misery, poverty, and other social problems which were caused by terribly high levies and taxes, and overpriced land revenues [2] . These difficulties were contributed by inequity in social structures. Majority of the Russian population were illiterate. The social structure of the empire was totally deficit in terms of public health, education, and medical relief facilities. Majority of people were poor and ignorant and also suffered from diseases and hunger. Many people were drug addicts
Introduction The article under analysis called Countries Agree to Sue over State Medicaid Repayment Law discusses the legal case, when the counties of Florida file a lawsuit against the state law which require to pay $ 323.5 million for the backlogged bills for Medicaid (Davis, 2012). The legal issues have a great number of regulatory challenges and ethical undercurrents and, therefore, it should be considered in more detail to define the actual problems. Main body While analyzing the article, both sides of the debate face a variety of legal and ethical dilemmas. On the part of the counties involved into the Florida Association of Counties, specific attention should be paid to the analysis of such ethical and moral concerns as absence of support from the governmental bodies because their debts were largely due to the errors in the software system leading to duplicated invoice. The counties also blamed the state for being ignorant of the problem of adequate financing of the Medicaid program on supporting the poor and disables. Finally, full reliance on taxpayers prevented the counties form delivering high quality of care to their population. As per the state government, the authoritative representatives held an opinion that the money invested into the program should be reimbursed so as to balance the budget. Their policies seem to be solid because it is supported by the agreement between the disputing parties. The concluded agreement stipulates that there should be a clear distinction between “long-term hospital care and nursing home bills for patient on Medicaid” (Davis, 2012, n. p.). One the one hand, the actions of the state are legally justified because they are eligible to ask counties to pay back 85 % for what they have lent to the counties. On the other hand, the possibility of emerging errors and supporting facts of duplicated invoice puts doubts on the transparency and ethicality of the state strategies. As a result, a clear ethical dilemma is highlighted, which requires strong evidence and supportive arguments to figure out which strategies and outlooks on health care are both legally and ethically justified. The problem of tax paying and health care program funding has recently come to the forth because of the lack of efficient health care reforms in the United States. The problem of financing is headily discussed because of the problem of taxpaying and inadequate budget balancing. The controversial situation is also connected with the billing system which leaves much space for discussing legal and ethical issues. Looking from these perspectives, the case under analysis creates arguments i
Introduction The study of mythology, folklore, and religion is full of trickster stories. These stories feature tricksters as gods, goddesses, men, women, or anthropomorphic animals whose life is characterized by trickery behavior. The trickster disobeys rules and conventional ways of living. According to Leeming (2010, p. 355), tricksters are mostly depicted as being of the male gender in many myths from different cultures. He also adds that the trickster represents a powerful figure in possession of abilities to introduce chaos when society is tranquil, disturb the norm, and raise difficult questions in particular situations. Out of the disruptions that the trickster causes, opportunities arise for a new understanding of various phenomena. The whole trickster phenomenon embodies a contradiction in that he always creates a disorder where there is order, where there is disorder, the trickster always creates order. It’s perhaps the clearest illustration of the creative force that the trickster plays in myths. Trickery and Tricksters More often than not, the trickster employs witty tricks on its subjects to get what he wants. The creative force in the trickster’s activities clearly comes out when the trickster is analyzed. According to Hyde (1998), tricksters are boundary crossers. Their creative nature enables tricksters to cross both physical and social boundaries. As a result, the trickster is always a traveler who is always on the lookout for his next victim. In the course of his travels, the trickster breaks societal rules, usually for personal benefit. The trickster also crosses lines and breaks the rules and connections. In many situations, he renders the existing situations blurred, trashing the thin line between right and wrong, sacred and profane, male and female, young and old, and the living and dead (Hayde, 1998, p.7). Furthermore, the trickster changes in shape and form and may change from human beings to animals and vice versa. Perhaps a cheeky and controversial side of the trickster is his use of creative lying techniques to obtain basic needs like food and sex. Leeming (2010, p. 356) asserts that tricksters are very sexually active and immoral. However, the very immorality that the trickster’s exploits represent signifies the essence of creativity Role The achievements of tricksters in mythology are unlimited. Their role in the creation of new boundaries rules and no