ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Two stories, “Korea” by John McGahern and “Father” by Michael O’Conghaile, tell about completely different events taking place in different times and countries. “Korea” deals with a father offering his son to leave his own country because the foreign one gives more opportunities for self-realization and opens wider horizons for self-development and having a more prosperous life whereas the second story shows the conflict arising between a father and a son because of the son being homosexual which none of the fathers would approve. The most evident similarity between these two stories lies in that they both deal with relations between father and son which sometimes are so underestimated. People tend to think that the mother is the one who always worries about the children more while the father is believed to be the strongest member of the family who is not allowed to have emotions and worries. Children are usually more sincere and eager to share problems with their mothers rather than with their father: “But fathers know nothing. Nothing until it’s spelt out for them” (Michael O’Conghail, 678). Both the stories emphasize the importance of relations and communication between father and son because most fathers care about their sons more than they show which is also true about children who grow up lack fathers’ attention though they never admit it: “I’d never felt so close to him before, not even when he’d carried me on his shoulders above the laughing crow to the Final. Each move he made I watched as closely as if I too had to prepare myself to murder”. Another similarity is that both the stories are about freedom of choice. In “Korea” the father offers his son to go to America in search of a better life. It is not for nothing that he asks him about this as years ago, being young, he was deprived of the possibility to choose and was denied in the desire to make his life better: “I feel I’d be giving you a chance I never got” (John McGahern, 56). Thus giving his son the right to choose he is letting him have a life he himself has never had. The second story describes the issue of the choice in a different way but still, it is close to the point. While choosing sexual orientation in most cases does not depend on a person him/herself because it depends on nature still the choice of changing your life regardless of the judgments of other people remains a free choice. The only difference I managed to observe between “Korea” and “Father” is that staying in his own country the young man from “Korea” agreed to have a regular life of a fisherman as a “better life” in America did not seem alluring to him whereas the young man from “Father” staying in places where everybody knew him doomed himself and his family to public denunciation as some decades ago being homosexual was a disgrace for the family. All in all, two stories “Korea” and “Father” describing different events and written by different authors have a lot in common as the fates of people living in different c
Preface The subject of interest in this report is the responsibility of management in health and safety with reference to the UAE industries. United Arab Emirates (UAE) has expanded industrially and economically especially in the airline, construction, maritime, and petroleum sectors. Mass recruitment and utilization of laborers both high-skilled and low-skilled from developing countries has provided satisfaction to the manpower demands of these rapidly growing economic and industrial sectors. (Speegle, 2012) This enormous recruitment has led to changes in population demographics. The total UAE population is approximately 8.2 million, with about 940,000 being Emiratis while the rest are multinational immigrant workers. These unique factors pose a number of challenges to the health and safety of workers. As a result, there is a high mortality rate. This paper purposes to illustrate the role management plays in reducing the risk of dangers associated with the UAE industries. It outlines and emphasizes the activities managers should carry out to minimize such risks. Safety is a crucial requisite in any industry. Every firm should establish a safety section in charge of all incidents and accidents. In addition, the report establishes the role of safety plans and health safety equipment programs in minimizing the risk of hazards in the UAE companies. This is to ident
Introduction Atheism entails the belief that there are no deities or supreme beings. It is the opposite of theism which is the belief in the existence of at least one Supreme Being or deity. In simple terms, it can be said to be the belief that there is no God or gods. Religion is a very broad and controversial aspect as it entails the inner belief in regard to the existence, nature and power of God. Different people have different stands in relation to religion and what they believe in and hence the existence of a variety of religions all with different doctrines and beliefs. Christianity and Islam are the most common religions (Baggini 5). This paper discusses the various aspects associated with Atheism with much emphasis being on the negative side or why atheism is not right. Variation in Atheism Atheism is not very common or well known and has some variations for instance the strong, positive, critical and explicit atheism which refers to the individuals who assert the non existence of God positively. Weak, negative or implicit atheism on the other hand involves the individuals who lack a belief in God basing their argument that the existence of God has not been proven to them and meaning that in the event of being proven they would change their mind. Militant atheism also known as antitheism constitute of atheists who view the belief in God to be wrong and superstitious hence find ways of doing away with it. Some of the basic principles underlying the belief of atheism include; that there is neither the existence of God nor that of the devil, there is no sin that can be accrued to the violation of God’s will and teachings, there exist no supernatural realm, that the universe is generally materialistic and measurable and so should God be, that evolution is entirely scientific with no any spiritual aspect, that man is material and also that the idea of ethics and morals is relative and therefore should not be adhered to strictly among other life perceptions (Slick 1). Critics of Atheism Atheism is a concept that has received a lot of critics most of it being negative. People think that atheists not only believe in the absence of God but also that there is no morality; no meaning to life and also that there is no human goodness. This is however not true as some atheists only have a problem in the existence of God and other gods but are usually positive in regard to other aspects of life. Atheists’ belief of the nothingness of God is
Introduction Frame relay refers to a technological network that has a wide area and is standard in nature. This technology specifies logical and physical layers of link that are used in channels of digital communication with the help of a methodology known as packet switching. ATM on the other hand refers to asynchronous transfer mode which is a technique that is used in telecommunication platforms for purposes of switching. Both frame relay and asynchronous transfer mode play an important role in the transmission of date, voice¸ video and image but in different ways. This discussion makes a comparison between these techniques and seeks to find out which of the two is more effective. A.T.M Asynchronous transfer mode is a technological network whose evolution has been rapid over the last two years. This is perhaps because of its ability to effectively transfer data, voice video and image. This networking technology gives an opportunity to both the carriers of communication and the end users to relay all types of information without having to use different formats. With ATM, it is possible to transport all types of information using one format. Evolution Asynchronous transfer mode as already mentioned is a recent technological development whose main aim was to fill the gap left by traditional networks of data and voice. This concept was developed by a group known as CCITT which pioneered the standards of broadband ISDN more than twenty years ago. This concept however only came to see the light of day in the year 1991. This forum has brought together players form both the private sector and the public sector who deal with vending of communication equipment, telecommunication, communication of data, provision of communication services among other key stakeholders who came together to endorse and promote this concept. The Rationale of ATM ATM is a technology that can be considered manifold and one that is multifaceted in that it is able to transport virtually every kind of information using a single format. There I therefore a unifying aspect that this technological network has. The transportation of information under ATM can be done on both wide areas as well as local networks. Before this concept was developed, networks that were developed were tailor made and were specific to the kind of information to be transported. This meant that networks that were intended to transport data could only transport data and not images, video or voice and the vice versa is true. Networks that were circuit switched including facilities used in the transmission of digital information that is on high speed as well as telephone network that is public switched. As we shall see later when discussing Frame Relay which is yet another technological network of transporting information, there is toleration of delay to some degree. This means that with Frame Relay users have the opportunity to make selection on the technology that serves them best depending on their needs. Since the needs of an organization are alway
Many nations have established different criteria of determining the manner in which the scores of varied companies treat their workforce based on sexual orientation and gender characteristics. Among the many scales deployed is the ‘corporate equality index’. This scale “rates organizations on a scale running from 0 to 100 percent based on their treatment of gay, lesbian and transgender employees” 1 . Scores realized upon the administration of gender and sexual orientation scales in some organizations reveal that gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered labor issues are pronounced in terms of workforce segregation and stereotyping in the realm of labor and employment. From this perspective, the research paper focuses on comparing experiences of lesbian and gay workers in public versus private sector, and then analyzes the policies of different organizations regarding gay and lesbian workers, both in public and private sectors. In public and private sector, LGBTs have encountered varied experiences. These experiences range from discrimination, inequitable compensation, unequal employment benefits and sexual harassment among others. Much of these experiences arise from ignorance and misunderstanding. While different organizations have made incredible strides in the 21 st century through adoption of varying policies to ensure that LGBTs are sealed from discrimination, such individuals remain widely unprotected in the private sector. For instance, managers or administrators may possess little information regarding the LGBTs preferences, historical experiences, facts and perspectives of taking particular sexual orientation. The repercussion is unfair and ineffective rules, policies and actions getting instituted by an organization without taking the consideration of concerns of the LGBTs. Rights of LGBTs remain contentious among certain faith groups such s Catholics and evangelistic groups. Such groups widely believe that ensuring the LGBTs have equal access to equal employment opportunities would give rise to slewing gay marriages within their neighborhoods, which result into an inevitable apocalypse. Discrimination based on sexual orientation is a big challenge to modern organizations because the number of the transgendered, gays, lesbians and bisexual is on the rise. In this context, William institute estimates that, in the United States, “the number of LGBT employees is 7 million in private sector, 1 million state and local employees, and 200,000 employees of the federal government” 2 . In fact, 30% of all local and state lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered employees dwell in New York and California. On the other hand, “lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered people make up only one half of one percent of state and local employees in Montana, North Dakota and Wyoming combined” 3 . The statistics gives a concrete inference that different states may need to embrace diverse policies in an attempt to address LGBTs dis
Citation, the acknowledgment of a statement, ideas, and concept to another writer lends authenticity and authority to academic writing (Glitrow, 2005, p: 14-15). The paper would attempt to explain how citations are signals of authority and authenticity and discuss certain issues and unknown factors related to the use of citations. Hyland reports that the number of citations reported is increasing steadily and while in 1910 there were 1.5 items in the reference section, by 1980, the figure had grown to 1980 (Hyland, 2004, p. 22-23). According to Glitrow (p: 14-15), citations are used for building up an argument or attempting to prove or disprove a hypothesis and a scholar needs to use content from other works to support the arguments. The process of providing citations takes two different approaches, one where the scholar only repeats the words and ideas of others and two where scholarly citations give a link to authority and a platform for those who have who want to borrow some words and ideas from others. The process of giving citations has been examined as a linguistic area and interpretation of how well or how poorly the words of others are repeated (Glitrow, 2005, p: 14-15). Hyland (2004, p. 20) posits that citation is the key to the social perspective of persuasions as it can rationalize hypotheses and arguments and declare the stand of the scholar when he acknowledges the work of other authors. He contends that the scholar tries to show loyalty to a particular community and creates an oratorical niche for the paper and establishes sincerity. Hyland (2004, p. 20) points out that the ‘discussion’ chapter has become important as it lays the foundation and forms the theoretical basis for further research. While the authors have detailed the method of citation and how they are structured, the actual use of citation in a research paper is still unknown. By citing multiple sources, the scholar attempts to triangulate the research to focus on his paper and make it more authentic. However, given the wide range of papers quoted over the years, the fact that the hypothesis and result that was true a few years back does not mean that it is true in the current context. Many of the terms and issues such as the Internet, web addiction, and others that have to be addressed did not even exist a few years back and when old network theories are applied to explain social networks such as Orkut, there is a sense of disconnect. The works of Glitrow (2005) and Hyland (2004) would best be useful for a beginner who needs to know how to write citations. Theoretical constructs formed by literature review can cause a problem when a survey instrument has to be designed based on the literature review. What is also not known is how much of the cited text is actually used in the paper and if the scholar just wants to pad the document by using impressive citations. What is also not known is where do citation end a
The documents under analysis reveal opposite outlooks on the development of the American society in the second half of the past century. Hence, the address of President Johnson provides an overview of basic values, visions, and perspectives that are confined to the idea of equal, independent, and developed society. Communicating the principles of development premised on old values and new visions, according to the President, should lead to the creation of the Great Society. In contrast, Regan views presented in the second document reveals his radical religious orientating on shaping the principle of the American society development. Judging from these assumptions, both documents represent radical principles in accordance with which the new society should develop. Regarding the first document revealing the new concept of the American document, the president attains much importance to the role of the government in imposing the new principles of the country development. Specifically, the author states, “I intend to establish working groups to prepare a series of White House conferences and meetings – on the cities…” (Johnson 253). Using “we” pronoun, the President, probably, addresses the opportunities of the government to introduce changes through cooperation and interaction with local actors. Specific attention should be paid to the deliberation on the main pillars of the Great Society. Introducing the principles of racial justice and fighting against the poverty, the President addresses such issues as education, urban development, medical care, and transportation. Specifically, the author focuses on the three areas of development – the city, the country, and the classroom, which are considered the main course for developing the American nation. However, the analysis of the changes occurred to these communities prevents from defining the role of the population in producing the changes, as well as how people should interact with the government. For instance, while addressing the problem of cities reconstructions, too many generalizations have been made: “it will be the task of your generation to the American city a place where future generations will come…” (Johnson 253). Addressing the problems of the countryside, no solutions have been proposed. Rather, the President focuses on ecological problems: “Our parks are overcrowded, our seashores overburdened…” (Johnson 253). Overall, the document provides an extensive overview of certain fields of the country development. While analyzing the second document in which Regan presents his visions of the development of the American society, one can see a narrow-focused approach. By focusing on the religious beliefs and on the Bible, Regan displays his rigid opposition to the morale. Specifically, he rejects abortion and criticizes the social development that is against the God’s will. However, attaining much importance to the role of religious as the main guardian of morale in society prov
Many people know the story of Abdul Rahman ibn Ibrahim Sori, an African prince who was stolen from his kingdom and sold as a slave to the United States. In 1788, Abdul Rahman and his men were sent to solve a coastal trade conflict in the Fouta Jallon region (Asante 233). The enemy troops kidnapped the royal and sold him to the British slave ship captain. Abdul Rahman spent 40 years as a slave, during which some of his cultural aspects like identity, traditions, and family values were dramatically disrupted. However, his language knowledge, religion, and leadership skills were helpful to resist the power of slavery and American colonialism. Although Abdul Rahman managed to end his enslavement, financial and social outcomes cannot be ignored. Abdul Rahman’s life as a slave has its consequences on cultural awareness like identity, family issues, traditions, language, and religion, and long-term effects on descendants. Slavery in America was a significant period when people had to live under limited conditions and prove their dignity, dealing with disrupted experiences and concerns. Abdul Rahman continued talking about his family and status, but his royal priorities were not enough to confirm his identity and return to his family (Kalin and Duke). He had a master, Thomas Foster, who discovered by his knowledge, intelligence, and personality that he was of noble birth” (Asante 233). Although Foster named Abdul Rahman as “Prince,” his identity was damaged because he had neither decision-making rights nor independence. In addition, the slave was not able to follow his traditions but accept the American style of life and be shaved as all African people. After being freed, the man never met his parents and children and never saw his native land, which had a deep imprint on emotional well-being. At the same time, Abdul Rahman’s example proved that enslavement should be treated as the end of the world, and this man demonstrated a number of skills that allowed him to survive that horrendous period. Despite the existing restrictions, Abdul Rahman never forgot his religion and addressed Allah each time he wanted to ask for help or give thanks. His political education and awareness of at least five languages helped him be noticed and respected by other slaves. Finally, he demonstrated strong leadership abilities and the possibility to set and achieve goals. In several decades, Abdul Rahman became a foreman at Foster’s plantation, with his own garden and some freedom to sell goods at the market (Asante 234). His life in colonial America was not easy, but his knowledge and readiness for action made it possible to survive and be free. The descendants of Abdul Rahman could not neglect the long-term effects of that experience. When the man was released without payment, his wife and nine children could obtain the same freedoms for free. Abdul Rahman and his wife began gathering additional funds and contacting the country’s leaders to ask for justice but saved two sons only (Asante 234). Still, slaves did not have good he