ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Marketing Research Marketing research is the process through which businesses collect information about the needs of their customers in order to produce goods and services that are relevant to such needs (Aaker and Kumar 34). Marketing research involves five steps which are as follows. Problem definition is the first step of the process. It involves determining the purpose of the study, the information that is required and how such information will be used in the decision-making process (Aaker and Kumar 45). Finding the relationship between service quality and demand is an example of problem definition in healthcare marketing research. Developing the research approach is the second step. This involves indentifying the research objectives, selecting the theoretical framework that will guide the study and listing the research questions (Aaker and Kumar 48). An example of a research question can be, “how does the quality of service affect demand?” The utility theory of consumer behavior is an example of a theoretical framework that can be used to answer this question during the research. Formulating the research design is the third stage. It involves identifying the technique that will be used to obtain the needed data and how the hypothesis will be tested. Qualitative or quantitative studies are examples of research designs. The variables to be measured, the data collection methods and the sampling procedure are identified at this stage (Aaker and Kumar 56). Data collection is the fourth stage in marketing research. At this stage, the required information is gathered using the methods specified in stage three. Examples of data collection processes include interviewing the patients or administering surveys with questions that relate to the research topic. Data analysis and presentation is the last stage. This stage is characterized by activities such as editing, transcription, coding and verification of the collected data (Aaker and Kumar 61). Statistical tools such as Chi-squares and ANOVAs are used to analyze the data in order to make it meaningful. Determining the correlation between service quality and demand is an
Company Description Linda’s has been operating in the NAB market for a comparatively short time. However, it has already established itself as a strong and efficient organization. Nevertheless, the entrepreneurship clearly needs further expansion. The company’s current vision implies catering to the needs of all stakeholders involved, with a particularly strong effect on customers and employees. Non-alcoholic Beverage Industry Trends and Justification Industry Trends The NAB industry has been experiencing consistent growth over the past few decades, with a range of new products emerging on a regular basis. Even though the environment is currently dominated by large organizations such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi ( The consumer goods industry in the United States , 2015), the target area is open to innovative products and provides the environment that new organizations with original products will feel inclined to explore. According to the latest trends in the identified market, the global beverage sales made 994.1 bln l in 2015 (Statista, 2015), making a total of 3.8% of the global beverage sales (Statista, 2015). Although the identified percentage might be viewed as rather small, it, in fact, points to the opportunities for expanding that the NAB market is facing. The changes in the product price (see Fig. 1), however, show that Linda’s will have to be creative with its financial resources distribution given the plans for discounts and moderate prices. Figure 1.NAB Purchase Index (U. S. Department of Labor, 2015) It should also be borne in mind that the target industry can be defined as rather profit
Introduction Epistemology is arguably one of the most important courses in nursing. This is because it is based on the core fundamentals of humanity, which is thirst for knowledge. I have gone through different levels of learning where importance of knowledge has been emphasized but the emphasis and depth of learning about knowledge has never been as rigorous and robust as in PhD level. Certainly, I began the semester with little knowledge about application of epistemology in nursing. I had much anticipation and set goals of what I anticipated to achieve from the course. Throughout the learning period, I have learned a lot concerning importance, origin, application, and development of knowledge in nursing profession. This is an elaborate personal evaluation of current status in epistemology in nursing profession. Learning Objectives Although I have been a nurse since 1992, I have learned a lot about epistemology in nursing this semester than in my entire career as a nurse. At the beginning of the semester, I had anticipated to learn about development of future of nursing knowledge, and satisfaction in quest for knowledge. My goals included analyzing nature of knowledge in nursing research and education, exploring nature of epistemology field, and utilization of nursing epistemology. Progress Evaluation Undeniably, epistemology is a very wide subject. Many theorists have approached the concept of knowledge in different dimensions. In general, theorists try to approach knowledge using different natures and domains of knowledge. Grand theorists arguably have the widest approach on epistemology by looking at the macro interpretation and application of knowledge. Meta theorists approach epistemology by having a broad approach. Middle and micro theorists have very fine and focused line of thinking about knowledge and its application. All these theories have an important application in nursing. However, grand, middle, and micro theories are more profound and applicable in nursing. Perhaps the most important area of personal learning and understanding of epistemology is on fundamental patters of knowing and knowledge development. Though I had very little understanding of the same at the beginning, I have profound knowledge, which was achieved through parti
China’s remarkable, untrammeled economic growth is causing severe environmental degradation which is bound to have domestic and international repercussions. Joseph Kahn and Jim Yardley, explore this theme through their article “As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes” (2007) which appeared in the New York Times. This precis aims to summarize the main points of their article. According to the authors, China’s industries and cars are causing some serious air and water pollution and preliminary statistics by reputed institutions are indeed alarming. According to Khan & Yardley (2007) “outdoor air pollution was already causing 350,000 to 400,000 premature deaths a year” (para 36) in China. Khan and Yardley (2007) also state that “nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. Only 1 percent of the country’s 560 million city dwellers breathe air considered safe by the European Union” (para 3&4). The authors opine that China’s coal-fired power plants are causing acid rain in SE Asia due to the indiscriminate discharge of noxious gases. The effect has spread to the US too with a report that “much of the particulate pollution over Los Angeles originates in China” (Khan & Yardley, para 8). The International Energy Agency estimates that “China could become the emissions leader by the end of this year” (Khan & Yardley, para 10). Since 75% of China’s energy needs are supplied by coal-fired plants, they become the primary source of air pollution. A spurt in the automobile industry and increasing car sales are leading to road congestions, which coupled with bad quality of car fuel are the other added factors for the increase in air pollution. The scarcity of water, especially in Norther
Brief description of the company and its environment SportStuff.com began its operations in 1996. The mission of the company is to supply parents with sports equipment for their children at a lower cost than its competitors. The parents realized that they were discarding expensive clothes because as their children grew, the clothes became too small for them. Sanjay Gupta, the founder of SportStuff.com and his team decided to buy these clothes for re-sale. They also started buying surplus products from retailers and manufacturers, and selling them via the internet. They used the SportsStuff.com web site to market and sell these items, which increased their sales, profits, and revenues. Within a year, the sales rose by more than 80%, which increased their profits and revenues (“Supply chain optimization: managing growth at SportStuff.com” 3). In 2000, the management decided to evaluate the performance of the company over the previous years. The rapid increase in demand for the company’s products instrumented the decision made by the management. The management of which Sanjay was a part of saw the need to re-design the supply chain network in order to comply with the increasing demand for the company’s products (“Supply chain optimization: managing growth at SportStuff.com” 3). This is because the increase in demand also translated to an increase in costs, which would eventually surpass the revenues collected. SportStuff.com therefore required a large storage capacity. This would help it curb the challenges associated with the expected growth in demand for its items. The company needed an optimal model solution to cut down ware-housing and transportation costs and maximize on profits. In order to manage SportStuff.com efficiently, the company had two options. The company could either lease some ware-houses countrywide, or was to expand its ware-house space by leasing more space at the ware-house in St. Louis. The company had to weigh different variables in order to come up with sound managerial decision. These included the regional demands for sports clothes, fixed and variable ware-housing costs, inventory costs, transportation costs, and customer charges in every 4 units among others. Summarize the problems and your recommendations One of the significant problems facing the company is that the demand for sports clothes is high for the current supply chain network. SportStuff.com does not have enough ware-house space for items demanded by cust
The book “Literature and the Writing Process” by Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X. Day, Robert Funk helps the students study writing and literature at one and the same time. It is very instructive and gives an idea of how to study literature by means of writing as well as teaches to make literary analysis by giving all necessary tools for that. The short story by James Joyce, discussed in “Literature and the Writing Process” deserves special attention as the story by itself may cause different emotions and associations and different people may have different approaches while analyzing it. For instance, Earl G. Ingersoll in his article “The Stigma of Femininity in James Joyce’s “Eveline” and “The Boarding House” analyzes the image of Eveline from the point of view of feminity and oppression of women in those times when their rights were limited. What the author of the articles wants to emphasize first of all is Eveline’s turning into an “imprisoned housekeeper”. Like most of women in those times she was forced to stay at home all the time and her occupations during the day were limited and monotonous. These included taking care of children, cooking and cleaning which Earl G. Ingersoll calls the “Hausfrau’s world”: “Eveline cleans and cleans, but still there is the inevitable dust that settles in those curtains of cretonne, representing her marginal effort at gentility.” (Earl G. Ingersoll, p. 501). Here the author of the article stresses that Eveline was not supposed to be sorry for leaving “home” like this. Secondly, Earl G. Ingersoll observes the cases of metonymy and synecdoche and explains the role and meaning of some of stylistic devices found in the story: “In “Eveline” domesticity is clearly associated with details, with metonymy and synecdoche.” (Earl G. Ingersoll, 501). To these details the author refers everything connected with Eveline’s home, the so-called “familiar objects” which Eveline was made to see every day and which already bored her: “She looked around the room, reviewing all its familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years, wondering where on earth all the dust came from” (James Joyce, Harry Levin, p. 47). And finally, the author of the article emphasizes the fact that Eveline had such a miserable life not only because all women of those times were forced to be nothing but housewives but because her father treated her with disrespect only because she was a woman. Although despite this, as Earl G. Ingersoll states, she is still undecided whether she wants to leave her home and thinks over
Agriculture, medicine and environmental health are the main areas affected by biotechnology. Biotechnology in itself is said to involve the use of various approaches as well as recent developments in areas of molecular and cell biology on commercial products (Juma C.pp.278). In medicine it has helped in the discovery of modern and effective diagnostics and therapies. Similarly, it has been very successful in agriculture primarily in areas of pest control, new crop breeds/varieties as well as increased crop yields. It has also promised a wide range of other applications such as environmental health. The living standards of people the world over are improved by technology. Biotechnology is used in many ways to bring about this improvement and this is as follows: It can increase food production, nutritional quality as well as rural employments (Ameden, H., et al, pp. 329-352). Equally, since biotechnology it is also at the heart medical revolution, it has the potential of dramatically improving the health status of inhabitants in developing countries like it has done in developed countries. It can also free the poor for a more sustained and productive labor force and thus enhancing human health and quality of life for many. Over the last decade, food production in developing countries especially those in sub-Saharan Africa has been on the decline. Since the population has also increased there is urgent need to increase on food supply. This increase in yields is the only way of stopping the trend. The increase in supply cannot come from area expansion since this has already been exhausted and even turned negative in Latin America and Asia neither can it come from expansion of irrigated area since there is an already increased competition for water especially in urban area as well as due to the rising environmental problems related to drainage, soil salinity and chemical run-offs definitely it will come from increase in crop yields (Evenson, R.E., and D. Gollin pp.201). This problem can only be solved through the use of biotechnology.Scientific approaches must be employed since traditional plant breeding, and agronomic practices that are already in use have resulted into the steady decline of yields. Biotechnology has stood the test of time since it has advanced agricultural productivity in industrialized countries especially the United States and U.K.however; it has had minimal impacts in most of the developing countries, particularly in the farming systems of the rural poor (Graff, G.et al., 369). Biotechnology will bring forth disease resistant crops, all these will help reduce poverty and hunger since it will promote sustainable food production throughout the year thus taking care of seasonal food shortages brought about by climate change (drought) and attacks from pests and diseases while in the field before harvest and even in storage. Pests and diseases has been a cause of havoc for many small scale farmers in rural areas who can not afford pesticides to spray their crops. This results into shorta
Background information on Thailand Thailand is located on the South East Asia. The country boarders other countries such as Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Gulf of Thailand, Malaysia, Andaman Sea, Vietnam, India, and Indonesia. It ranks 51 in the world in terms of size with an area of 513,000 square kilometers. The population of the country is approximately 64 million. Over seventy five percent of the population comprises of Thai. The other twenty five percent is made up of Thai Chinese, Malay, Mons, and other tribes. The key religion in the country is Buddhism. The economy relies on export business as a key component of the gross domestic product. Exports accounts for more than sixty seven percent of the GDP. Further, industries and services are the key sectors in the country. The GDP per capita of the country is quite low. However, despite the low GDP per capita, the proportion of the population that lives below the poverty line is quite low, that is, approximately 13%. This can be attributed to the low unemployment rate. The economy is considered to be vibrant. Besides, the key development and social variables show that the economy is successful. Further, the country has an impressive low level of unemployment rate. Currently, it ranks fourth after Cambodia, Monaco, and Qatar. Further, the government has maintained low levels of interest rate and inflation rate. The current inflation is at 2.70% while the current interest rate is 2.5%. In terms of politics, the country operates under the constitutional monarchy (Credit Suisse 1). The current economic statistics of Thailand show that it is a suitable country for investment. Aim of the paper The paper seeks to evaluate the economic health of Thailand. Several indicators of economic health will be used to evaluate the economy of Thailand. The main indicator that will be discussed is the gross domestic product (GDP). Further, the paper will make judg
Supply chain management ensures that a business has the required materials for an effective production; in the wave of environmental conservation campaigns, organizations should ensure their procurement strategy complies with international standards of environmental conservation. It is ethical and morally right to protect the environment; organizations that have a green supply chain system are more likely to develop and maintain customer loyalty than their counterparts who care less about the environment (Kotabe and Helsen 46). This paper discusses how a business can use its supply chain management to facilitated sustainable development. Green supply chain management and sustainability A green supply chain has an integrated environmental approach where it aims at aligning all its operations to an environmentally friendly approach; it looks into the logistics methods and processes from the products procured to the means of transport that has been employed- all of them need to be environmentally friendly. When adopting a green supply chain, the company ensures that it procures from reputable suppliers and cares for the environment when producing goods. For example Starbucks coffee company procures from those farmers that respect the environment, they have a higher cost for such coffee beans and encourages such production through their policy of fair trade (Chopra and Meindl 28). Green supply framework starts from material sourcing/procurement and ends with final product wastes disposal; when getting the products, the company ensures that they can be recycled after use. Between material sourcing and final products disposal, there are manufacturing, distribution and delivery mechanisms, which also should be environmentally friendly, the processes should be vetted for environmental friendliness. Mitsubishi Motor Company has one of the best recycling plants where it ensures that the wastes that come from the company are minimal and necessary; the management also engages in environmental conservation projects to save guide the environment. The framework is not limited to environmentally friendly production only but also focuses on cost reduction methods such as recycling and energy conservation (Mentzer 78). Different countries have different policies in regards to environmental conservation. One of the most prevalent ways of ensuring that companies produce environmentally friendly goods is by taxing them on pollution they produce when manufacturing, therefore if a company have adopted green technology in its methods then it will have a reduction in costs of operations. When the issue of supplies is looked from a different angle, it means that the company should procure for machinery and producing equipments that are of high technology and emits less pollution to the environment. This approach addresses the internal processes of an organization that should be looked into to ensure there is minimal pollution. For example, Toyota Motor Corporation has embarked on massive
Introduction The motorcycle gangs are groupings of people with a common purpose and social anthropology seeking for an identity. Initially their membership was from lovers and funs of choppers and motor cycling who enjoyed traveling in wads and tourists who enjoyed adventure on two wheels. There are thousands of motorcycle gangs in the United States but only four are recognized as outlawed which include the pagans, hell’s angels, the outlaws and the Bandidos (Custom Choppers Guide, Para 1-3). The motorcycle gangs The outlaw motorcycle clubs have lived since the genesis of motorcycles. Immediately the production of the cycle started the clubs started emerging though the out laws have emerged much later. The clubs brought together the lovers of motor riding and other events including music. The first motor cycle club to emanate was the McCook outlaws in the mid 1930s. The group was formed with the purpose of touring and racing for long distances with alcohol consumption as secondary theme though important (Wheeler, Para 1-3). With the end of the Second World War, the young soldiers on return home were in search for adventure. The active war men were seeking for their other survivors for companionship and motorcycle riding was entwined in these relationships. The clubs were acceptable then to an extent they got support from the American Motorcycle Association (AMA) especially after the war. In the late 1940s an allegation was made that the disorder that had occurred in California was caused by the motorists. This statement which was suspected to have been released by the AMA made some of the clubs detach themselves from association and later they turned out to be the outlaws. Outlaw motorcycle clubs aggressed all over the United States which included the Bandidos and hell’s angels among others. With the beginning of the Vietnam War, clubs’ membership rapidly increased as the veterans who were given freedom found console and comfort in the clubs upon acceptance. This is where the culture of drugs originated in the history of the gangs; it was an introduction of the veterans from Vietnam, who had been introduced to illegal drugs in Asia in their sovereignty as soldiers. This led to the clubs receiving corrupted labels and in conflict with the law enforcers (Wheeler, Para 4-6). Cultures have taken a view of featuring the motorcycle gangs as vigilantes, individualistic and rebels on a silver plate or screen. The bikers are known to be corruptive of their neighborhood and intimidating, though they seem less vital to their aims. The members of the outlaws insist that illegal activities should not be labeled on every one, for only a small fraction of the group deal with illegal drugs and violence. The outlawed clubs have had an impact on the history in the 21st century despite their negative perception; this sub-culture has greatly influenced the American culture (Custom Choppers Guide, Para 4-6). How the society viewed the gangs then The motorcycle clubs were initially viewed as groups to help people develop and enjoy the talents within themselves. They were known as racing