ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Today’s economies need to evaluate and analyze effects influenced by decisions made in production, consumption or relatively all production and marketing activities. Economic agents interact in the production and marketing environments and a particular agent decision can have an influence to social-economic effects on the other (Externalities and policy, nd). These influences and effects are regarded as the externalities. This means are effects beyond production or consumption of a project, firm, industry or individual spectrum (Mankiw, 2008). Externalities effects can be positive or negative. Negative externalities are actually painful to the immediate agent. Governments through its institutions need to develop and implement policies to curb negative externalities effects that could otherwise cause malfunction of another economic agent. As a policy maker concerned with correcting externalities relating to gases and particularly emitted by local power plants, various policies need to be developed and enforced. Policies to curb negative externalities due gases emission and consumption thus will lessen the overall effects to other agents still maintaining and maximizing the economic activity. Policies to reduce the total amount of emissions There are many costs related to the production and the consumption of gases. For example damage of the environment and risk of explosive gases emission and levels. Some of the policies to be developed include pure, per se and natural monopoly market structure policy and an environmental policy. Monopoly market structure policy Because the competitive economy of emission and the production of gases in presence of externalities are inefficient, fighting externalities through monopoly structure policy is legitimate. In this monopoly market structure policy, objectively target to shift production levels into a more social-economic level (Hirshleifer et al., 2005). This will further reduce reduction. Market inefficiency in competitive economies regarding production of gases occurs due to production more that the market demand and thus increasing the negative externalities. The policy will reduce production of gases because the monopoly industry will produce enough to meet market demand. Only one firm will be provided with the license to produce gases under pure, per se or natural monopoly bases. Government can franchise international company to engage in the production and benefit the monopoly powers. Conversely, there are various costs related to monopoly market structure. Bearing i
Introduction CO2 emissions are one of the critical problems of the modern age as this substance significantly impacts the environment and the atmosphere and cause the greenhouse effect. For this reason, the creation of the carbon capture procedure can be taken as an important step towards the resolution of the given problem. The process consists of three main stages: trapping and separating CO2 from other emissions, transportation of the captured substance to specific areas, and storing CO2 to avoid its negative impact on the atmosphere. The UK Carbon Capture and Storage Research Centre supports this incentive and uses some governmental funds. Main body Novel carbon capture technologies are used to remove CO2 from flue gasses. Usually, there are many other substances, such as water vapor, sulphur dioxides, and nitrogen oxides. Carbon is separated from them and is prepared for further use. Innovative approaches provide an opportunity to trap the substance before the fossil fuel is burned. It can be considered a positive factor needed to support the development of the non-carbon energy system in the UK. In the next phase, the captured carbon is transported to the locations that are selected for storing through special pipelines that start at the source of the capture and end at sites with special equipment. Finally, in underground storages, CO2 starts to behave similarly to liquids because of the extremely high pressure. Conclusion The given way of storing is an effective one as because of the spaces in rocks, huge amounts of the gas can be stored in small areas. This process can be considered a future of the energy sector as it helps to significantly reduce emissions and solve some environmental issues that are topical today. Reference “ Nottingham is a key partner in UK’s new £13m carbon capture centre .” Web.
Executive summary Customers of Best Food Superstores are disgruntled because of the unpleasant experiences they go through while shopping at the store. Brenda, who has been a customer for the last 30 years, has decided to make her complaints known to the president of Best Food Superstores by writing him a letter. Some of the complaints include being charged incorrect prices, unsatisfactory customer service, and lack of employee ethics. Brenda’s letter has prompted a company analysis in order to ascertain the existence of the problems and find ways of curbing them. Failure to solve the problems will lead to more customer dissatisfaction and the company will end up losing customers. Therefore, a customer satisfaction program should be put in place in order to satisfy and retain the customers. Moreover, the management of Best Food Superstores should encourage the employees to adopt ethical behavior with regard to the store policy. In addition, the prices should be adjusted to prevent charging the customers incorrectly. Background Best Food Superstores is one of the major grocery stores in town that sells onions, olive oil and ice cream, among other things. One of Best Food Superstores’ major competitors is Sobeys. Best Food Superstores has been receiving several complaints from customers dissatisfied with their services. Customers are often charged incorrect prices for the goods they purchase, in addition to the unpleasant experience they go through in the hands of unethical cashiers. A company analysis is taking place owing to the bold step of one customer, Brenda, who could not take it anymore and therefore, decided to inform the president of the store. Brenda decided to make her grievances known the president since she frequents the grocery’s branch on Victoria Street and always receives dissatisfying services. Statement of the Problem While shopping at Best Food Superstores, Brenda has faced several problems. A year ago, she went to the store to buy a bottle of olive oil and was overcharged by $1. Brenda informed a lady at the service desk about the overcharge, who sent another employee to confirm the price. The employee was unhappy for being asked to check the price and therefore did not do it promptly. The employee kept Brenda waiting as she talked to another cashier, and later chatted with another shopper. She came back and confirmed to the lady at the service desk that Brenda was right. Brenda got her refund but was offended by the unpleasant treatment and also the fact that the employee had referred to her as “missus”. Brenda had another nasty experience while shopping for onions at the store. Though she admitted that the mistake was partially hers for picking a Spanish onion instead of a white onion, the employee treated her disrespectfully when asked to do the price check. He clearly displayed his lack of ethics. Brenda had yet another disappointing experience at Best Food
Introduction The Sermon on the Mount refers to a portion of the Bible that contains some of the things that Jesus said and the lessons that He taught to his disciples. Jesus teaches about how one should live a moral life. The Sermon on the Mount is found in the book of Mathew chapters 5, 6 and 7. According to McArthur (1978), it is also one of the passages in the Bible that has been quoted widely by various people. Some of the teachings found in the Sermon on the Mount include the beatitudes, the Lord’s Prayer, teachings about salt and the light, anger and murder, lust and adultery, divorce, oaths, an eye for an eye, love for one’s enemies, giving to the needy, treasures in heaven, the narrow gate and the wise builder. Christians believe that this passage in the Bible is one of the most important passages that deal with the Christian conduct. Christians are urged to be perfect just as God is. In the beatitudes, Jesus states how He expects people in the kingdom of God to conduct themselves. Together with the other teachings found in this passage, the beatitudes emphasize on the importance of loving other people and being humble instead of acting forcefully towards other people. Jesus goes on to refer to the disciple as the light of the world and the salt of the earth. Application of Ethics According to Herrick (2012), some scholars claim that Jesus abrogated some section of the Mosaic Law during the Sermon on the Mount. However, others contend that actually Jesus intended to uphold the Law of Moses. Jesus advocated obedience and the right relationships between men. At the heart of the sermon is the perception that Jesus intended that all the actions of men would be dictated by the precepts of love. In that sermon he also t
Introduction The history of warfare has revealed that the corporate aphorism ‘the only thing constant is change’ holds true for all endeavors military as well. With the growth of knowledge, science and technology, warfare too evolved to keep pace. Amphibious operations are perhaps the most difficult and complex operations to plan and execute. The US Marine Corps (USMC) since its inception has constantly evolved its ways to fight to stay ahead of its adversaries and win. Along the way, concepts and technologies have changed, each influencing the other. Added to these paradigms has been the crucial role of thinkers, military experts and leaders who, through their intellect added impetus to the transformation in the way the Marine Corps fought. This essay examines the steady transformation in the concepts of US Marine Corps amphibious operations over the period 1915-1945 and its concomitant effect on present day transformational efforts. Developement As early as 1894, the Congress had assigned the Marine Corps the mission of providing troops that could establish and defend outlying bases. In 1913, the Corps began developing a doctrine to support its tasking. However, the advent of the First World War delayed this process due to the exigencies of the times. At that point in time, amphibious operations were a hazy concept as far as the USMC was concerned. The only doctrine that was available was the British doctrine which was used by the British at Gallipoli 1915, with disastrous results. The effect of the Gallipoli campaign was to discourage the move to consider amphibious operations against a defende
Introduction Lighting plays an extremely vital role in the lives of people, existing as a natural and inalienable part of today’s society. To best adapt created environments and spaces for human living, various types of lighting are created, which in turn allow people inside them to see and accomplish their goals. Lighting can become a major factor in a person’s work efficiency, mood, and health, meaning that the process of designing and utilizing better light practices is vital to good performance and human wellness. In this paper, the various lighting strategies will be discussed, in particular focusing on the differences between artificial and natural lighting, their potential benefits, and their application in the work environment. A literature review focusing on the current research into this sphere will also be conducted as a way to substantiate the later claims and assessments made. After the review, a comparison of two distinct lighting styles can also be made, in particular, LED Lighting SALIOT and Sustainable Light Fixtures. Literature Review Current research and knowledge pool of the lighting sector has produced a variety of material regarding both natural and artificial lighting. Both sources of light serve their own specific purposes, and their use in both casual and professional setting is actively being researched. In regards to the daylight lighting, it has been continuously noted to be beneficial for people, affecting their mental and physical wellbeing (Jamrozik et al., 2019). Some of the works have noted the potential and important benefits of natural lighting, both for work performance and satisfaction (Sun et al., 2018). It is noted that the use of daylight in work environments has a number of positive effects, including lessened eyestrain, better work satisfaction, and increased efficiency. Findings from involved researchers conform to the notion of daylight providing benefits to the productivity and mental health of workers, as well as its effectiveness in reducing costs. It also notes that the use of shading was a significant stride in reducing glare and improving work satisfaction. It is therefore widely argued that the introduction of more natural daylight into a building is necessary. Some even consider the sustainability and future prospects of using daylight lighting as an alternative to artificial light. Long-term sustainability and lighter financial load of the approach then become its most appealing properties (Köster, 2012). However, there is also a variety of challenges associated with introducing daylight lighting solutions into the workplace, in particular the ineffective reality of open spaces and an insufficient level of light observed (Hwang & Jeong Tai Kim, 2010). The study on the subject makes it clear that the application of natural light, while preferable, is not always optimal or effective at accomplishing its goals, and a complex evaluation should be performed to access its quality. It can be noted that electric lighting, contrary to nat
Introduction This assignment is a discussion on the topic of ethical issues on HIV/AIDS. Ethics can be defined as principles which govern the conduct and behavior of certain group of people in a given context. Ethics are found in various professions such as law, medicine, social work and counseling among others. Ethics comprise the code of conduct which practitioners in various professions should abide with so as to guard the public from unprofessional practice (Kizza, 2010). The discussion will look at a brief overview of AIDS and the ethical issues related to it. The issues to be discussed include ethical issues related to research and counseling for AIDS patients, discrimination, and intentional transmission of the disease and the protection of vulnerable groups in the society. Discussion Brief Overview of AIDS Since its discovery in early 1980s, the disease has remained a big challenge to many nations of the world. When it was discovered, the virus was a very serious global issue. This is because it affected both the rich and poor nations alike. The perception by then was that AIDS was like a death sentence and that is why there was a lot of stigmatization on the victims (World health organization, 2011). There were a lot of myths about HIV/ AIDS such as the argument that it could be spread through shaking of hands, kissing, sharing clothes or cooking utensils. Those who contracted the disease were also perceived as sexually irresponsible and immoral and this led to high levels of stigmatization. The sigma took the forms of discrimination in social and economic terms. Socially, the AIDS patients were treated as social outcasts in that many people avoided mixing or interacting with them. Economically, those who were infected were sometimes denied employment, or even sacked if they were found to be HIV positive. This stigmatization had a lot of negative impacts on the patients, key among them being that many patients actually died earlier as a result of stress and lack of proper medication (World health organization, 2011). The increasing trends of deaths due to HIV/AIDS triggered a lot of research on the disease, with many researchers wanting to get a cure for AIDS without much success. However, researchers led by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) managed to make some progress by discovering some mitigation measures in form of anti-retroviral drugs, which are given to the AIDS patients so that they may prolong their lifespans. A Lot of campaign was also done especially in the 1990s to educate peo
IPAM is an acronym that stands for Internet Protocol Address Management. It is a method for storing, monitoring, and changing information about the IP addressing system. It can assist network administrators in keeping the IP address list up to date. IPAM is used as a form of inventory system for the assigned and unassigned IP addresses, their subnets, status, the hardware associated with them, and hostname data. It enables administrators to keep accurate and up-to-date information of IP allocations and those addresses that are available. SolarWinds IP Address Manager SolarWinds IP Address Manager is currently one of the best IP tracking systems (IPAM) as it includes all of the essentials, such as automated IP management via subnet discovery and IP scanning. It also facilitates simple DHCP/DNS management for traffic routing and directing. These functionalities are required in any basic administration solution, but the SolarWinds IP Address Manager goes a step beyond. It provides the option to simply assign access to other administrators, allowing one to designate and take accountability without having to open their full IP range to every administrator. SolarWinds IP Address Manager also automatically recognizes and informs one of IP issues or troubles, logs DNS problems, and keeps a comprehensive account of everything so that one can have valuable information for a system diagnosis or explanation later. SolarWinds IP Address Manager Compatibility   * Realize Automation 7.2.   * Center Server 6.5.   * Realize Orchestrator 7.2. Advantages                                                                                                 Disadvantages                                                                                        * Can keep track of issues including IP conflicts, configuration issues, and subnet bandwidth limits.      * This is a sophisticated networking solution created for IT experts, not for average consumers.   * Subnet assignment tools are included to help one save on time with address allocation and scheduling.                                                                                                       * Small and large networks will benefit from its robust DDI suite.
The Roman era lasted from the 10 th century B.C. to the 5 th century A.D. It can be described as a period of immense progress on many fronts, especially political, cultural, and technological. In this remarkable era, there came an efficient form of governance that built the backbone for forms of government in many countries over the world. Their culture, and mostly so the Latin language, has contributed enormously to languages used by billions around the world today while roman religion gave us our calendar. Technologically, Roman roads and architecture built centuries ago still exist today and are in use by Italy’s modern cities. Ancient Rome was founded in 753 B.C. in what is now central Italy. It began as a farming village on the seven hills beside the Tiber River. Over the next 12 centuries, it expanded to become a vast empire covering Europe from England to North Africa as well as from Arabia up to the Atlantic Ocean. Rome passed through three periods. Starting 753–509 BC, it first developed from a village settlement into a city ruled by kings. Between 509–27BC, the Romans took over to form the Roman republic. This later collapsed, leading to the third period between 27 BC-AD 476, where it became an empire and stayed that way for the next five centuries. The existence of Rome has many lessons to teach to the civilized world today. (Kishlansky, Geary and O’Brien, 2004). Early Romans particularly valued family relations. They had a patriarchal system with the father exercising supreme authority though still leaving other important tasks to the mother. The parents took a key interest in their children’s education. Sons would accompany their fathers to observe public meetings in preparation for their roles as citizens or leaders. This element has caused quite a number of rows in the modern society where the parental role in education has been almost minimized to payment of fees and provision of other means of accessing learning. Parents in contemporary society have left learning to schools and teachers and curriculums they themselves barely understand, for the roman parent education was used to secure their children’s future as well as to cultivate family pride. By taking a more front seat approach, parents in modern society can bequeath their children in real-life skills along with information and attitudes essential for appropriate adjustment to their community as well as to the larger society. Another important role left to us by ancient Rome has to do with the relationship between husbands and wives. In ancient Rome, women had the role of child-rearing and household management. They were also a source of moral guidance to their children. The woman also shared any honors and respect given to her spouse. The law allowed for equal sharing of property in cases of death where a will is lacking though in most cases where one did exist, a provision was usually made for the daughters. In modern soc
The change management and the effective leadership strategies play crucial roles in the positive financial outcomes. First of all, the management needs to develop the skills of timely recognition of the factors provoking the change and adoption of the regulating policies that are aimed at the practice of a novel business strategy that is necessary for the business survival. ‘Leadership of major change in an organization presents substantial challenges’ (McDeavitt et al. 2012, p. 141). Along with the recognition of the changing factors, it is important to organise the appropriate changes within the enterprise. The well-elaborated strategy is essential in the maintenance of business and the organisational prosperity. The given report provides the investigation of the current business strategy of the Insomniac Games Inc. The company is the software developer, and it is one of the most prominent representatives of the gaming industry. Design and software markets are exposed to the continuous changes following the technological advancement and the shifts in the customers’ preferences. The capabilities of managing changes are regarded as the core competencies in the industry. The competitive advantages consolidated through the processes included in the strategic plan are equal to the high level of the organisational attractiveness, customer loyalty, and the increase of income. Defining Leadership Nowadays, the researchers make the distinction between management and leadership. ‘In time terms, ‘management’ action is often focused on current plans and their delivery, and ‘leadership’ deals with change, adaptability and the future’ (Carnall & Roebuck 2015, p. 9). Leadership involves inspiration, motivation, and the employees encouraging for achievements while the effective management is focused merely on the fulfillment of the basic working processes. ‘In an organisational context, most agree that, at the very least, leaders set the tone for their organisation and, therefore, questions about their leadership immediately raise broader questions about the organisation, and potentially the teams that they lead being a reflection of their leadership’ (Carnall & Roebuck 2015, p. 3). Effective leadership is highly demanded because it provokes the favorable outcomes for the organisation. Leaders are responsible for the financial and non-financial performance of the organisation to a great extent (Pasmore 2014, p. 3). The efficiency of a leader’s operation is grounded in the sound and open way of interactions both with the individuals within the company and outside of it. For the motivation of the subordinates, the leader must understand his/her employees. In some cases, the poor organisational performance can be caused by ineffective leadership. The management of any organisation needs to adopt the leadership strategies that take into conside