ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Getting educated is very important for every person. It goes without saying that each of us has to have a proper education. We learn how to read, count and write. These are the basic abilities we acquire and use during our life. However, a logical question arises than: is there any other purpose of education or it is aimed only at giving us a possibility to communicate our ideas and satisfy basic needs? During centuries, there were different interpretations of the purpose of education. Many scientists, pedagogues and philosophers tried to answer the question: what is education for? Taking into consideration the needs and tendencies of a modern society, we can assume that the purpose of education is to prepare students to be self-sufficient citizens capable of solving real world problems. We all live and work to support our society which, in its turn, provides as with security and other benefits. To support this “balance”, we should build education based on standards of decency and human survival by the need of the social community. In other words, one should be educated in order to serve the society. There are many successful people in the world, but there are few people concerned with the problems of environment and society. Our education should be aimed at educating people who love the world they lie in and who are ready to become peacemakers and healers of the world (Orr 55). A sustainable society “consists” of citizens, workers, specialists, technicians, etc, who are ready to work in order to build and support such society. One of the ways to provide such education is to “get outdoor”. The skills and abilities develop in real world and not in artificial situations in class. In this regard, we may refer to the Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave”. One should “touch” the real world problems and get personal experience from it. Shadows in the cave are the retrospectives of the real knowledge. To acquire the knowledge, we should leave the “cave”. We can learn theory separated from practice and this will not have any result. Instead, we should understand that every individual is a part of the natural world, thus, education should be based on ecological literacy as “health of our planet” is one of the most urgent questions of the modern social community. For many centuries, the principles of the classical education were in the spotlight. The good of the individual, realizing his/her own potential were the purposes of the learning process. Cultural development is the aim of the classical education. It stands above everything, including religion. (Nietzsche, n. p.). Referring to Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave” to interpret the classical education in m
Statement of the Research Problem As apparent in numerous reports we are receiving from the fields concerning our marketing performance, there are geographical regions, within our marketing area, that experience high levels of sales. Similarly, there are sectors that register extremely dismal sales. This research process focuses on the two extreme regions. The objective is to establish the reasons for the acute disparity in sales across such a geographical divide. Achievement of this is through practical marketing research where researchers will go to the field and administer questionnaires. The researchers also aim to carry out face to face and telephone interviews to help unravel the underlying problem. According to Churchill & Brown (2006), Marketing is a financially viable concept describing the procedural scheduling and execution that leads to the creation, costing, advertising, and distribution of thoughts, merchandise and services. This gives rise to procedures that gratify individuals and managerial entities. The research process focuses on the concerns evident in these processes. As such, the problem arises from disparities in the concept of marketing, which emphasize client contentment rather than income maximization. It entails acquisition of information on client desires and marketing intelligence to enhance satisfaction of the stated needs. Consequently, marketing research is the decisive fraction of a marketing aptitude system. It reinforces the management decision-making process by providing pertinent, precise and opportune information. Every verdict provides inherently exclusive needs for information and relevant strategies based on the information assemblage through the events of marketing research (Churchill & Brown, 2006). Preliminary Market Research Discussion Bradley (2007) sees market research as a procedural undertaking for gathering and analyzing facts associated to merchandise and services, capabilities and industry practices inline with the marketplace to gratify one’s customer needs. Additionally, market research is an informational contribution to decisions, and not a measly tool for evaluating decisions that are in progress. However, on its own, market research cannot warrant success but its intelligent relevance is significant in attaining the predictable business goals (MSR, 2011). This insinuates that through such a process, it is simple to determine the disparities across the geographical divide. According to Churchill & Brown (2006), practical market place reviews involve such daily practices as checking advertisements from a variety of media outlets, sharing with co-workers about their experiences with attention-grabbing merchandise and services and checking out deals of the day in online promotional outlets. It is significant to note that the context for critical decision is the market planning process. This will provide a platform for determining the flavors. According to Churchill & Brown (2006), promotional decisions engross issues ranging from elemental shifts in the positioning of an industry to tapered tactical questions. This four-stage parade entails situational scrutiny, policy
Introduction The chapter introduces the neural network, which is a massively parallel distributed processor constituted of simple processing units with a natural propensity for storing experiential knowledge and availing it for use. The neural network resembles the brain in two ways. The first one is the acquisition of knowledge by the network from its context via a learning process. The second one is the strengths of connection for the interneuron known as synaptic weights. They are utilized in the storage of learned information. The human nervous system consists of a three-stage system constituting receptors, a neural network, and effectors. The main task of receptors is to modify stimuli of any nature into electric compulsions, which carry the information to the brain. On the other hand, the main objective of effectors is to change the electric compulsions, which the neural network creates into apparent responses as a way of establishing the system outputs. The neural net contains more than 100 billion neurons. The main components of the central nervous system are the brain and spinal code. The brain has interregional circuits, constituting pathways, columns, and topographic maps. Local circuits are approximately 1mm in size and contain neurons with varied or the same properties. Neurons are approximately 100 microns with the dendritic as the subunits. A neural microcircuit is an assembly of the synapses created in a pattern of connectivity in order to produce a functional operation of interest. Due to their smallest size, they are measured in microns with the fastest speed of milliseconds. Synapses are the most basic aspect because they depend on molecules and ions to enhance their actions. The sensory inputs include motor, visual, somatosensory, and auditory, among others. They are mapped onto the corresponding regions of the cerebral cortex in patterns. The following video illustrates the adaptability of the human brain to its functions. The models of a neuron refer to the artificial neurons developed to study the real neural networks of the brain. The design uses extensive mathematical models to develop a structure for human brain architecture to study the central nervous system. Lecture The main objective of the perceptron is to perform correct categorization of the internal stimuli sets given as X 1 , X 2 ,…………X m into either of the classes C 1 or C 2 . The classification is made through a decision rule that assigns the point represented by X 1 , X 2 …X m to class C 1 if the output of the perceptron, y = +1, and to class C 2 if the output of y = -1. The hyperplane is a technique used in making the decision boundary for the two-dimensional c
The financial analysis of a company is useful to understand how the business has performed in the last accounting period. Although the analysis is based on historical financial information, it helps in identifying the key areas of high and low performances (Fridson & Alvarez 2011). The financial analysis is relevant to both internal and external stakeholders. It can help internal stakeholders in recognizing the weaknesses of their business and taking steps to improve its position. External shareholders and analysts use financial analysis to ascertain if the company is likely to generate a higher return on their investment in the coming period (Brigham & Daves 2014). The financial analysis of oil and gas companies involves the determination of various measures of performance. The information provided by companies in the financial statements is specific to the industry, and it is difficult to understand (Javadi, Simkins & Wicker 2013). Therefore, financial analysis enhances users’ understanding of the financial information provided by oil and gas companies. The financial analysis covers “leverage, liquidity, exploration efforts, and size” of oil and gas companies (Abdel-Khalik 1993). The most useful tool of financial analysis is financial ratio analysis. The financial ratio analysis can be used to perform a survival analysis of oil and gas companies. It also allows comparison with industry averages (Johnston & Johnston 2006). The role of financial analysis in project financing is important. The financial analysis supports the financing decisions of a company (Soyode & Ariyo 2014). The company decides to raise funds from equity or debt-based on the findings of the financial analysis. It could help analysts in ascertaining free cash flows of a project. The analysis determines the cost of capital including the cost of debt and cost of equity that is used for discounting free cash flows of a project. If the project has a positive net present value, then it must be accepted (Brigham & Daves 2014). Table 1 indicates that the value of the current ratio was 1.62 in 2010 that declined to 1.41 in 2011. The change was due to the significant increase in the company’s current liabilities including accounts payable and accrued expenses. Table 1: Current Ratio. Current Ratio                                                              2011         2010 Current Assets / Current Liabilities  6,931/4,899  1.41  6,675/4,114  1.62  The quick ratio does not include inventory in current assets for calculation as it has low liquidity when compared with other current assets. Table 2 indicates that the value of the quick ratio was 1.22 and 1.48 in 2011 and 2010 respectively. The decline was due to the increase in the company’s current liabilities in 2011. Table 2: Quick Ratio. Quick Ratio                                                                                            2011               2010 (Current Assets – Inventory) / Current Liabilities  (6,931-975)/4,899  1.22  (6,675-572)/4,114  1.48  Table 3 indicates that the value of the Debt to Equity Ratio increased from 1.40 in 2010 to 1.73 in 2
It is unsurprising to see people use social media as a way of interacting with their friends, family, co-workers, and even customers. Social media is a tool that many individuals use on a daily basis. There are many platforms that one can employ to communicate – Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and others. While the purpose of these applications and websites is to provide a space for people to interact, their growing popularity has drastically changed the way people view and understand communication. When talking through Facebook, people no longer need to see or hear each other – in fact, they can be anywhere in the world as long as these places have an Internet connection. This difference in engagement could potentially change one’s ability to interact with other individuals. Sometimes, a negative impact can be seen if people have some issues with mental health or do not know how to control the growing social media trends. Social media has significantly changed relationships between people by eliminating true human connections, affecting people’s mental health, and changing the society’s image. The use of social media has impacted people’s mental health by both contributing to their anxiety and creating a stressful and competitive platform on which people have to perform. The initial purpose of Twitter or Facebook was to share one’s experiences, talk about different topics, and stay informed about other people’s lives. These features helped people with social anxiety to connect with each other without the need to be physically present in the room full of people. According to Levitan (2017), people with social anxiety, for example, may use social media more often than people who do not experience any stress during communication. However, with time, these platforms evolved, inviting people not to share their thoughts and experiences routinely but to argue with each other or aggressively impose certain ideologies. For example, a culture of one-upmanship developed on many platforms, presenting a perfect image that causes people with anxiety to fear negative feedback from other users (Levitan, 2017). Therefore, those who searched for a safe space on social media encountered anxiety-inducing environments instead. Online conversations also changed people’s interactions in real life, devaluating and ignoring genuine expressions of emotions. Many people use social media every day for both casual and work-related conversations (Cho, Park, & Ordonez, 2013). Currently, social media is used by almost three-fourths of all adult online users, meaning that millions of people engage in online communications rather often (Wagner, 2015). When interacting online, individuals usually cannot see or hear each other, which takes away their ability to interpret emotions and tones such as sarcasm, anger, or disinterest. Thus, if people regularly interact online without learning to understand these emotions, their real-life connections may be threatened to worsen. Online users may not know a range of social and emotional cues that need to be used during a real-life conversation, limiting their communicative abilities and decreasing the meaningfulness of
Introduction Human Resource Management is a functional unit of an organization that deals is concerned with the management of employees and their welfare. It is composed of a set of policies, programs and practices geared towards the realization of an employee’s potential which will in turn result to increased productivity for the entire organization. Human resource management has become one of the most important activity of an organization in the contemporary organizational environment especially after the realization that human resource productivity is dependent on its surroundings as opposed to other factors of production. For an organization to utilize its resources and endowments effectively and efficiently the quality of its human resource becomes of paramount importance. Human resource management improves this quality of employees to ensure that they offer their best to the realization of the organizational goals and objectives. Role of Human Resource Management Functions of Human Resource Management The functions of Human resource management are wide and varied. Among these functions includes the role to ensure equal employment opportunities for all groups of people especially the minority. Management of human resource ensures that employers have in place employment policies and procedures which do not discriminate either in terms of race, gender, religion etc. This may also be done by formulating or adopting Affirmative actions that are in line with this agenda. When a working organization is free from bias and preferential treatment, employees will feel that they all are a part of the organization, each no better than the other and they have a role to play for the betterment of the organization as a whole. There is also the creation and development of a mutually respectful environment within the organization and employees are able to voice their personal conflicts with confidence that they will be determined fairly. The secret is in incorporating every employee into the organization not as a lesser important member but for each of them to feel as an integral part of the organization and the success or failure of the organization if in his/her hands. Another major role of the Human resource is in the planning, recruitment and selection of employees. This is the process by which organization picks the talent they require for the organization to perform properly, (Anonymous, 2011). An organization which has recruited the wrong people into the organization will not only result to increased labour turnover due to the unproductive employees, but will also negatively affect the overall morale of all the employees leading to poor productivity. Subsequently, the employees will be disconnected from each other since they cannot relate well, more supervision will be required and the good employees may end up looking for alternative jobs. The human resource ensures prior planning is done before recruitment, the right employees are selected and the process is done fairly. This in turn will result into a good combination of talent and experience in the human resour
Disciplining the racial body Research on racial, ethnic and feminist studies reveals that gendered power relations traverse active production and mediation of ethnicized and racialized bodies. What this means is that by virtue of their femininity, women for example are often relegated by society to less powerful positions in comparison with men, on the basis of their feminized bodies and images. As a result, the feminized and racialized body is often a culmination of a “double-edged construction of otherness” (Guzman and Valdivia 207). For instance, if we decided to feminize and devalue Latino bodies, it means that Latino bodies get displaced twice. On a general point of view, the Latino bodies could be seen to lie beyond the Latino culture margins, as well as the mainstream of beauty and femininity. Furthermore, Latino bodies would also be categorized as dangerous and impure bodies in need of medical interventions and state-sanctioned inspections, in large part due to powerful cultural discourses of cross border contamination as well as disproportionate sexual reproduction. As a result of such historical shifts as geographical Diasporas and migrations, global economic transformation and newly established global identities, these forces have combined to bring to the foreground erstwhile minoritized cultures. Specifically, cultural and demographic changes in ethnic and racial diversity imply a representational and empirical growth in Latino and Latina bodies (Guzman and Valdivia 208). In recent years, the Latinos in the United States have continued to enjoy increases in market power, population, and culture influence. As a result, this has led to the need to acknowledge the complexity, multiplicity and richness of this racial group. However, the tendency to describe and categorize the Latino and Latina bodies in the United States population as “Latino and Latina” is a more recent development. The entry of the Latina and the Latino bodies into the mainstream culture in the United States has been racialized by the gendered process of Latinolization (tropicalism). The gendered elements of “tropicalism’ has been commodified by the global media. For example, the dominant Latino male lover is often depicted as dark-haired, macho, and mustachioed. On the other hand, the female Latino is portrayed as a submissive, red lipped, hot, curvaceous, with long brunette hair, and seductively dressed beauty with long earrings (Guzmann and Valdivia 213). The use of such words as “energy”, “hot”, and “motion” mostly associated with the yellow and red images of suns and fires add to the nearly combustible and tropical feel of Latino and Latina bodies and selves. Whether mobilized in combination or in isolation, such a categorization often constitutes the “tr
The research does not comprehensively capture the research methodology employed in the conduction of the research. He or she should have vividly expressed the method used in the collection of information, normally, qualitative or quantitative. The importance of stating the research method used is to help the audience or readers of that work ease in assessing the research and its validity (Paul Krugman 2009). When these are notably missing then the researcher needs to do better. In use of qualitative method, the researcher will have to focus more on qualitative data and responses from would be targets of the research. It is critical to use this method of data collection in one’s research as it enables for a comprehensive analysis of the data provided. Qualitative information is normally collected through such processes as interview and questionnaires with open ended questions (Patrick Mcneill 2009). Quantitative research on the other hand provides for information which enables for quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis is important in determining the figures necessary in justifying the conduction of the research. For instance, quantitative information will provide information on whether there is need to conduct the research as it affects a given portion of the population. In this regard, the report has failed to adequately provide information on the need of the research itself. A weakness to collect information puts the whole research and its conclusion on the spot as they are bound to be inadequate. One cannot conclude on something that they have collected information regarding the same in a shoddy manner. In the provided report only one source of information is used in the collection of information process. The researcher only considers capital structure analysis as his only source of information without the urge to divulge t