ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are many types of different quantitative researches that are used by scholars in their works to obtain some statistics or analyze a certain issue (Hohman, 2006). Computer simulation modeling is one of these methods which are widely used nowadays. The main peculiarity of the work of this method is the special algorithm that is created for each case. In modern research articles, it is possible to notice that simulation is based on the information and data presented in this algorithm (Van Kirk, Martin, Ross, & Douglas, 2014), and the computer calculates this data giving final results. With the increase in the complexity of computers, this method becomes more and more reliable and able to provide some unique results. Another method of quantitative research that is also widely used by researchers in the laboratory experiment. The main idea of this method lies in the attempt to create some special conditions in a laboratory (Grangeon, Droppo, Legout, & Esteves, 2014). Under these conditions, the investigated issue will be very easy to observe and make some conclusions. The data obtained with the help of this experiment is taken into account and creates the basis for quantitative research, which will be used to support the main thesis of the work. At first gaze, these methods seem to be absolutely different. Using computer simulations, scientists do not have to create special conditions in the laboratory. Moreover, computer simulation is able to create such conditions, which could not be created on Earth. However, there are still some similarities between these methods. Both these approaches center around the attempt to create some special environment for the phenomenon under investigation. Moreover, it is possible to suggest that computer simulation originated from the laboratory experiment with the development of digital technologies. Being popular research methods, computer simulation, and laboratory experiment still have their advantages and disadvantages. One of the main advantages of the first method is its ability to work with theoretical values and make calculations of different difficulties almost immediately. However, this method is still vulnerable, as it depends on the algorithm created by people. That is why there is a possibility of a mistake in calculations. Laboratory experiments main advantage is a clear character of the processes which flow under the supervision of scientists. It is possible to apply any changes at any moment of time. However, there are also some drawbacks to this research method. First of all, sometimes it can be very expensive as it is not so easy to create special conditions for the investigation of a certain factor. Moreover, in the case of failure, all money will be spent in vain, as it is impossible to use the same equipment for another experiment. Ha
Understanding the functions of the state system, and most importantly, the significance, essence, and content of these functions by the management and employees of the customs service have a severe impact on the formation and implementation of economic and customs policy levels of government. Therefore, the socio-economic importance of the customs system of the United Arab Emirates is very high. This is because the customs service, as a federal executive body and a socio-economic institution of the state, carries out its activities in accordance with the priorities of state policy and strategic goals of the country’s socio-economic development. The customs system of the United Arab Emirates is one of the earliest government departments in the country. The customs system of Dubai began its formation in the twentieth century. Dubai Customs has been called the “Mother of Government Departments” ( History & Background , 2021). This name was given to it because other agencies were located in the old customs building and were funded by customs revenue. The customs system has an impressive regional and international reputation. Foreign investors and business people are attracted to such aspects of the department’s work as a developed infrastructure and modern means of management and provision of services. All aspects related to customs regulation in the United Arab Emirates are the responsibility of the UAE Federal Customs Administration. One of the central values of the Dubai Government is consumer satisfaction and happiness (Trial, 2017). The central values that the Customs of the United Arab Emirates adheres to during its work are creating a knowledge-based organization, offering individual proactive services, developing a culture of high productivity, and leading a sustainable customs service around the world ( Vision, Mission and Mission and Values , 2021). Such clearly defined values contribute to a better understanding of the areas of work of customs to achieve the success of the department. The values and principles of the company grow on the foundation of the business mission. The primary mission of the Customs of the United Arab Emirates is to protect society and support economic development through compliance, assistance, and innovation ( Vision, Mission and Values , 2021). The organization of business missions is as necessary as a business plan and continuous development. The mission allows creating the right orientation of the organization’s work. As a socio-economic institution of the state, the Customs Service is a kind of intermediary between the state and the market to achieve specific goals of the country in the real conditions of the market economy. Offering its services to the state customs relates to other institutions in the field in the way that it is a non-profit entity in the field of public services, which is usually dominated by state institutions-entities that most effectively and strategically most consist
Introduction The vacuum chamber is a necessary tool especially in industrial environments where factories rely heavily on them for various industrial practices. It is used majorly for the compression of gases to serve I things like welding. Alternatively it can be used for liquids to compress liquids out for purposes like spraying. It is therefore of absolute importance to consider their construction, since they are sometimes dangerous careers, especially when converted into gas careers as they are, oftentimes. Many are the instances when poor or unscrupulous construction has resulted in explosions and untold damage. The gas explosions have oftentimes caused deaths of technocrats handling the equipment and burning of property of painful costs. To curb such, therefore, attention should be given to its construction with the relevant architectural and engineering principles highly upheld. Background Before embarking on the process of the necessities in the construction of the vacuum chamber it would be necessary to think of the kind of materials to be used in the endeavour. This paper sets out to examine how in particular the Top or cover of a vacuum chamber ought to be designed. However, this task cannot be undertaken in isolation of the other dimensions of the camber. Thus, the base of the chamber as well as the cover and the technical factors and principles influencing their construction has been considered in detail. The history of the chamber actually began with the discovery of the vacuum tube, which can be regarded as its predecessor. The vacuum tube or ‘electron tube’ in its simplest form, the diode, can be likened to a light bulb, which has a heat- and light-emitting filament encased in delicate material. It operates on the logic of its serving as one-way switch and signal amplifier in certain devices such as radios. With all its great novel advantages, transistor technology is perhaps most revolutionary for spurring the miniaturization trend in the electronic industry (Jovanovic and Rousseau, 2002). Reaction of metals with air and vapour (or water) This must be considered since if not, certain insidious chemical reactions do occur causing harm to the chamber and exposing its users to danger. While iron would be the most preferred material, there are dangers to it that must be taken care of. Since in any vacuum chamber gases and moisture are bound to be found, rusting of the iron is obvious. Yet this is detrimental to the chamber since it will destroy it with time. This is because tap water or distilled water contains oxygen. If iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water it will form hydrated iron (III) oxide, which is brown. This brown and porous substance is what is referred to as rust. (Brown). Rusting would even be more if some experiments are to be carried out containing sodium chloride. Be that as it may, it is necessary to take the relevant precaution in preventing this undue occurrence of rusting. Rusting destroys the machinery, any equipment to be used in the chamber and even of the chamber top if made of iron. Prevention of it i
Discussing one’s ecological footprint and how a person’s life can influence the environment has always been problematic. If one lives without following any personal guidelines on the use of natural resources or the way waste is produced, the results of any eco-footprint assessment can be quite discouraging. Thus, the findings of my ecological footprint analysis were shocking. In the assessment, I looked at the way I consume products and resources, how I usually get rid of waste, and what efforts of sustainability do I take into consideration. I have found that I rarely think about how my consumption can influence the environment; when buying vegetables wrapped in plastic packaging, I never consider that the plastic will be later discarded in a landfill. My waste disposal efforts are usually similar to many Americans’. I do not sort my waste properly; the only thing that I do on a daily basis is separating glass and metal from the rest of the waste. With regards to the efforts of sustainability, I try to use a reusable coffee cup to avoid buying drinks in plastic cups. The rationale for the majority of personal choices is convenience and cost-efficiency.
Introduction All over the world, prostitution exists and the practice seems to be gaining roots in almost every part of the world. Although the practice was very popular in western countries initially, it is today rampant in every continent. This paper looks at the act of prostitution in the United States and whether it should be kept illegal. The Existing System in the United States The United States is one of the few developed Western countries which criminalize prostitution. Denmark, the Netherlands, West Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria all have legalized prostitution, although in some of the countries it is restricted by local ordinances. Therefore, where prostitution is permitted, it is closely regulated (Spector 415). Suppose that we accept that gender equality is a legitimate goal of social policy. The question is whether the current legal prohibition on prostitution in the United States promotes gender equality. Most probably, it does not. The current legal policies in the United States arguably exacerbate the factors in virtue of which prostitution is wrong. The current prohibition on prostitution renders the women who engage in the practice vulnerable. First, the participants in the practice seek assistance from pimps in lieu of the contractual and legal remedies which are denied them. Male pimps may protect women prostitutes from their customers and from the police, but the system of pimp-run prostitution has enormous negative effects on the women at the lowest r
Hunger is a biopsycological process that is critical for organisms to survive. It is a biological process because it involves metabolic processes and hormones. It is physiological that in that it creates a physical need that has to be satisfied. The hypothalamus is the brain part that is responsible for controlling the hormonal function in the body. Carnivores depend on other animals for food. Though at times they can feed on plants, their bodies are not physiologically able to digest vegetables matter. Carnivores require heavy meals but can spend most of the time without eating (DeGroot 3024). Unlike carnivores, omnivores have the ability to eat and digest both animal flesh and vegetables. Most omnivores eat relatively small meals but periodically. They normally cannot have a single meal in a day. Herbivores are animals that feed on vegetables only. Their taste preferences are uniquely on vegetables and their bodies cannot digest anything else but vegetables (DeGroot 3024). Most herbivores feed for the better part of the day and sleep over the night. Factors that Influence Hunger Leptin Scientists have determined that a hormone called leptin controls the brain circuits responsible for controlling hunger. Leptin inhibits appetite by acting on receptors in the hypothalamus. First, it counteracts the effects of neuropeptide Y which is a potent feeding stimulant secreted by cells both in the gut and in the hypothalamus (Liu, et al. 2754). Secondly, it counteracts the effects of anandamide and thirdly it promotes the synthesis of an appetite suppressant called α-MSH. Unlike the rapid inhibition of eating by cholecystokinin (CCK) and the slower suppression of hunger mediated by PYY3-36, the inhibition of leptin is long-term. The absence of this hormone leads to uncontrollable eating habits and ultimately obesity. Cholecystokinin This is another hormone responsible for the control satiety and is produced by the duodenal and intestinal mucosa (Liu, et al. 2754). It does so by controlling the speed of digestion in the body. High fat chime stimulates the production of this hormone, which through a chain of reactions reduce the speed of digestion. Peptide YY This is a 36-amino acid protein released in response t
In his article “One Size Does Not Fit All” (1999), Chester Finn suggests the idea of smaller class size as automatically beneficial is little more than a passing fad. He supports his idea with a number of observations:   * There is little research supporting the idea that smaller classes – children learn more.   * Class sizes have been shrinking for decades with no clear benefit. STAR research illustrates the benefits of smaller class sizes in kindergarten, but results do not transfer into the higher grades:   * There is precedent for disbelief of state claims regarding how best to reform schools.   * Every school has its own unique characteristics, meaning there is no single cure that will address every school’s needs.   * Reducing class sizes led to quality teachers leaving inner-city schools for the suburbs, leading to severe reductions in learning in the cities.   * Zavala Elementary School in Austin customized dictates to reduce class sizes by reducing sizes in early grades and leaving higher grades alone, showing a significant increase in proficiency scores within a few years. In making his case, Finn acknowledges some of the reasons why smaller class sizes might be desired:   * The late 1990s saw fiscal overhead that would naturally be ear-marked toward the nation’s ‘number one domestic issue’ – education reform.   * There is a widespread assumption that fewer students will equate better education.   * Reducing class sizes can be universally applied with less expense than charter schools, vouchers, or other ideas. The author does provide some suggestions for solutions:   * Allow school districts to make their own changes based on their own unique needs.   * Base changes on what research supports rather than approaching a blanket approach. Daniel de Vise also indicates in his article “Smaller Class Sizes Come in Small Steps” (2008) that smaller hasn’t necessarily meant better education for the nation’s students. To illustrate his point, he takes a closer look at a study conducted in the Montgomery County schools during the 2000s. The facts of the study include:   * $139 million was dedicated to reducing class sizes in 2000.   * Classroom sizes were reduced to 15 students in kindergarten classes and 17 students in 1st and 2nd grades while class maximums in other grades were reduced to 28.   * Other class types were reduced as well, such as multiple grade classes and special needs classes. Results of the study revealed:   * The costs of reducing class size are very high, adding $28 million/year to the budget.   * Average class size in elementary school has been reduced by approximately one student.   * There have been improvements in student proficiency in first grade and minority students.   * Parent complaints have been reduced. Examining the results, de Vise notes:   * “The impact of class-size reduction is most obvious when comparing the 62 disadvantaged ‘focus’ schools to the rest of the county.”   * Class sizes have not been reduced significantly in the middle schools or high schools, but the funding is not present to extend the program. In this study, the author illustrates the major failing point of reduci
Introduction The Clinix Health Care Organization should integrate branding and online marketing in its operations to continue gaining sustainability. Many established health care organizations not only provide consumers with treatment, prevention, and wellbeing measures but also use marketing strategies to gain a competitive advantage over their competitors (Dumovic & Knowles, 2008). For instance, they use their own branding strategies to make their intended recipients recognize a specific identity or image. This paper looks at a plan by the Clinix Health Care Company in branding its products and services. It discusses services and promotional strategies. These two are aimed at addressing a natural disaster in California, resulting in a mass evacuation of 300,000 people who are currently living in temporary housings. The paper also looks at how the financial situation of these people will affect the company’s pricing plan. An overview of the Clinix Health Care Organization Clinix Health Care Company is one of the largest health care organizations in California. This state has faced several natural disasters in the recent past, leaving people in critical conditions. For instance, the current natural disaster that evacuated more than three hundred thousand people left them homeless. There are many health care organizations in California, some established, and others, not. The established health care organizations employ branding strategies and online marketing in their operations. This enables them to increase their market share and growth more easily than those that do not integrate branding and online marketing (Bashe & Hicks, 2001). However, the Clinix Health Care Organization is among the companies that only rely on acute care in its treatment provided to the communities surrounding it. Currently, this health care organization does not integrate branding strategies and online marketing in its operations. This makes the company miss lots of opportunities compared to its competitors. Branding Branding can be described as a marketing strategy that is used by marketers in making their products and services the most preferred by consumers. As earlier mentioned, a branding strategy aims at making the target audience recognize and prefer to be associated with a certain product, service, or company. According to McPherson (2008), branding builds awareness and establishes loyalty (McPherson, 2008). Organizations incorporate branding advertisements with the aim of building certain image
Introduction “To some, power balancing is the inevitable and conflict-ridden by-product of anarchy and insecurity; to others, it is the unifying principle of a stable and cooperative international society” (Ikenberry 2008, p. 1). Ikenberry’s definition of power balance in international relations shows that, the concept is understood in different ways. However, power balance (in international relations) is an ancient ideology which defines how states, cities and regions relate. In fact, the rivalry of most world powers is best understood through the lens of “power balance” (Little 2007, p. 1). In modern international relations, a balance of power can only be achieved if states attain a level of stability among themselves. This level of stability is attained in the absence of competition. Realistically, many states have failed to achieve this equilibrium. The concept of power balance is enshrined in a political system that defines the behavior of states in the system (Ikenberry 2008, p. 1). A balance of power is often desirable because; in its presence, the likelihood that one state takes advantage of another is low (or non-existent). When a group of states (or one state) increases its power, other states are likely to retaliate by increasing their powers too (Ikenberry 2008, p. 1). It is an endless cycle of power struggle which is defined by the doctrines of equality (Sheehan 1996). Naturally, the doctrine of equality is cemented in the fact that, states would want to ensure they are secure (first) before tackling any other nationalistic agendas. Since the 17 th century, there have been many examples of power balance
Abstract Providing healthcare services during the disaster response stage may be associated with many challenges. The process of triage, transportation of the victims, the timeliness of the response, the interagency collaboration and online communication may cause barriers to the high quality of care and result in the increased mortality rates. This paper presents an analysis of the problems associated with the availability of healthcare facilities and treatment during the emergency incidents and suggests the new approach to their management. Introduction Disaster management may present serious challenges to the emergency departments and state authorities involved in it. The actions taken during the response stage are crucial as they affect the number of losses and shape future disaster planning policies. This paper discusses the challenges of providing healthcare services during this phase that are associated with triage, transportation, response delays, and interagency and online communication. It also suggests the approach to addressing these aspects and ensuring the positive outcomes of emergency measures. The paper concludes that prompt and effective response to emergencies is associated with the high level of disaster preparedness. The Significance of the Disaster Response Stage The process of emergency management may be divided into four phases, each of which addresses different challenges of providing healthcare services and suggests the tools and strategies that eliminate adverse outcomes of disasters. The stages include mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery; each of them has specific factors defining its effectiveness. The focus of this paper is the response stage as its role in disaster management is significant. The actions taken during the emergency response stage should be well rehearsed and planned because they affect the number of lives saved and reduce economic losses. This phase of disaster management implies the mobilization of emergency services, such as police, ambulance crews, and firefighters. Besides the execution of an emergency and preparedness plans, possible interventions and activities may include the analysis of potential risks of natural disasters, pandemics, terrorism, and other emergencies, as well as law enforcement aimed to disrupt illegal activities, and public health surveillance. The challenges in providing healthcare services associated with this phase are transportation issues, triage, delays in response to emergencies, and the lack of interagency collaboration and communication. Triage Challenges The aspects of triage management during emergencies and challenges associated with them depend on the scale and nature of disasters. The problems related to providing healthcare services occur when there are no supplies for the patients, the resupply is not available, and it is impossible to transport affected individuals to hospitals immediately. Triage is a necessary measure because the mentioned problems may result in poor sanita