ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Through the eyes of a person who has watched the movie “Interview with the Iceman”, Richard Kuklinski, who could not stop at anything that could prevent him from murdering his victims, is a hardened serial killer, whose personality is attributed to the brutal up bringing he received from his equally brutal parents: a father who bet up and killed Richard’s elder brother Florian and a mother who shielded the crime to protect her husband and also a brother who raped and murdered a twelve year old girl. These parents used to beat up their children at the slightest provocation, not just beating them but mercilessly doing so. And this so greatly hardened their children and determined their personalities in the later years of their lives. Considering the various theories of personality, and specifically the psychoanalytic theory (Matthews, Deary, & Whiteman, 2003), which postulates that any kind of behavior in human beings is usually determined by an individual’s past experiences, more specifically childhood experiences which dot the person’s perceptions of ongoing experiences in his or her life in which case, Richard Kuklinski’s childhood experiences can be said to have greatly contributed to his adulthood character ending up as a mafia torturer and serial killer (Matthews, Deary, & Whiteman, 2003). His heinous acts, having been brought up in predominantly abusive environment therefore points back to his childhood life and interactions. His parents treated him with a lot of cruelty thus prompting him to be so cruel a human being. Thus ending up with such a personality is no surprise considering what he had gone through as a child. In as much as he had passed out to be a normal family man covering up in “business” which he had made his family and neighbors believe he was doing he ended up committing his murders and was able to “camouflage” for quite a long period of time. The other theory that is evidently seen in regard to Richard Kuklinski’s character, is the humanistic theory (Matthews, Deary, & Whiteman, 2003) which states that any form of behavior is always understood by first understanding a persons way of looking at issues and how he or she perceives himself or herself in regard to others and this will always give a person self gratification and fulfillment. Despite the fact that his actions are considered the worst of all humanness, Kuklinski seems to derive some joy and satisfaction in all that he does. He murders some of his victims slowly and painfully and does not even have mercy on them or their families, this then makes one see that he is getting self fulfillment even though in the wrong way. His internal perception of the killings he commits is basically getting even with his master’s enemies or those people who offended him, in killing a victim after another he does not feel guilty nor does he get to be affected, he even feels like its good to kill those people he feels have known much of his supposed “business” for instance the undercover detective whom he had disclosed to his past ventures. He seems to enjoy murder after murder and therefore getting the excitement of going on with his activities. Extensively analyzing and eva
Introduction Barzan Gas Project is a massive investment that is a joint venture of ExxonMobil and Qatar Gas. The investment is worth $ 10.4 billion, and will be operated by RasGas Company Limited upon its completion. In such a heavy investment, it is always necessary to determine some of the risks that the project may encounter when the plant is under construction, or when the plant becomes operational. Some of the risks may have serious financial and social consequences that may force such an ambitious project to be closed down. The research will focus on risk analysis and mitigation measures in this project. Risk Analysis Risk Identification, quantification and qualification This project faces a number of risks that the project management team should understand in order to determine how to develop mitigation measures. According to Sharma (1994, p. 52), the process of identifying risks involves a clear understanding of all activities that are carried out at every stage of the project, and any possible eventualities that may cause some form of risks to the participants in the project (Dasgupta 2007, p. 81). The project faces numerous risks from various environmental factors that can be classified into three classes. The classes of the risks include natural risks, technological risks and social risks. The table below identifies specific risks in the three classes and gives their qualification on the basis of their probability and impact in case they occur. Risk                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Probability                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Impact                                                                                                                                                        Natural risks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           The coastal risks:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   There is a medium probability of occurrence.
Introduction Women participated in various capacities in the Vietnam War but medical positions took up the largest percentage. Some of them served in hospitals; others were in medical evacuation flights, the Navy through ships and even makeshift medical units. Female military personnel played a large role in saving the lives of many soldiers. These women were just as exposed to the dangers of the war as those who actually got into combat. Special emphasis will be given to nurses because without their contribution, so many soldiers would have lost their lives or suffered from deteriorating conditions in the War How nurses contributed to the war Some of the nurses in the Vietnam War started serving in the war by coincidence. A case in point was the Army Nurse Corps which had sent a group of three American Nurses to train nurses in Vietnam. However, they soon became overburdened with the situation prevalent in Vietnam and had to respond accordingly by caring for members of the American Navy. Eventually, medical units were set up and began expanding in order to incorporate those many injuries that kept increasing as the war got more intense. The Army had set up a number of hospitals and convalescent centers that would provide medical services to people in combat (Purcell, 24). It should be noted that the women who served in the War as nurses gained titles as a result of their work, some of them were called Colonel and others were Brigadier. Colonels were regarded as the chief of the nursing group while Brigadier Generals were given this rank as general officers when they had served for long as chiefs within their positions. Chief Nurses also played the role of nurse consultants especially in the surgeon rankings. Usually, these nurse leaders would carry out a number of activities that included assigning all incoming nurses and giving them positions in the respective medical units. They would coordinate nursing duties in theaters. This was an important component of their work because most military officers urgently needed operational intervention. However, work could not be done haphazardly; standard procedures needed to be established so that the patient care would not be compromised. These chiefs would also ensure that all the concerned nurses provided quality services to the patients under the care. All hospitals had chief nurses who were the representations of the chief nurse in these units. They had ward masters who also assisted in achievement of these objectives. Not all nurses were female; a small proportion of nurses in the Vietnam War were male as well. Statistics indicate that about 21% were male while the rest were female. These women had their own family obligations since a large number of them were married. The US Army was conside
This paper will present the subject of culture loss for African-American girls in the video A Girl Like Me by Kiri Davis and for the last Indian of his tribe, the main character of The Last Yahi by Jedd Riffe. People’s roots help them to identify themselves and feel confident when looking in the mirror. Depriving humans of historical, cultural values may lead to valuable traditions disappearing forever. In A Girl Like Me, the black teenagers speak openly about the social issues that bother them: what hair to wear, how to behave, and whom to marry. They would like to practice the African traditions of their ancestors, but society discourages them by stating that light skin and straight hair are beautiful. After hearing it many times, the girls start to believe it and think that white is beautiful. They are sad when talking about all the limitations society imposed on African Americans. White people often do not realize that their natural features, such as lighter skin or smooth hair, are accepted from the beginning. They are viewed as beautiful by default by society as a whole. Black people, on the other hand, have to go through the initial transformation to fit into society and start building their careers and social lives. In the previous case, the black girls at least had their community to support them. Ishi, the Last Yahi, did not have such a luxury as he was the last representative of his tribe. Being allowed to live in the shop run by Americans, he became a stranger in his land, at that point, invaded by the white foreigners. Instead of living his tribe’s traditions through hunting, dancing, and crafting, he could only tell about them in a foreign language as if it was a fairytale of the past. The listeners were curious, but they would never feel and live the Yahi traditions. Ishi’s culture is going to remain in history research papers and museums, but it will never be fully revived again. Both of these videos show how ignorant and selfish people can be when they have an opportunity to study a different culture. It is not until decades later when that researchers and enthusiasts finally start to treasure the disappearing traditions. Hopefully, one day the humans will be able to respect each other’s genetics and traditions and coexist in peace.
Patents and trade secrets A patent is an agreement between the inventor and the federal government under which the inventor receives an exclusive right to use the invention while having an obligation to make it public. A trade secret refers to any information or method giving the owner an exclusive competitive advantage if used in the business. The aim of a patent is to make the invention public while the aim of a trade secret is to keep the information hidden from publicity. While patents are limited in time, trade secrets are not. Another distinctive feature of a patent is its ability to protect the invention from being used by anyone except the owner of the patent for commercial purposes. A trade secret is not provided with such protection, as it can be used by another person if being discovered by legitimate means. The person can patent already existing trade secret if he/she discovers it. Therefore, patents appear to have a higher level of protection than trade secrets do. However to be eligible for attaining a patent, the person has to comply with certain formalities while the process of becoming an owner of a trade secret is less complicated. Identifying the main differences between these forms of intellectual property helps to determine the factors influencing the choice between them. The first factor that needs to be taken into account is whether the information that needs to be protected can be easily developed or discovered by another person or company. Patents are more suitable for such cases, as they grant protection in case of reinvention. Trade secrets have weak protection, and in the event of reinvention, the owner will lose the exclusive right to keep the information. The costs needed to be spent on keeping the information in secret is another factor that should be considered. If these costs are higher than the initial value of the invention, a patent can be more suitable. Besides, the objective of the inventor and the type of invention influence the choice. If the invention’s usefulness is limited to a particular business area, and the owner wants to use it in private business and receive material benefits in such way, then trade secret appears to be a better option. If the invention is useful for society and the owner wants to share it with publicity while keeping certain rights for it, a patent can be chosen. For example, if the person possesses a secret recipe, shared only among the members of the family, related to preparing a unique homemade cheese that is considered exclusive and expensive, trade secret can be a good solution. If the process of making the cheese can be repeated only in this certain region and only by following the unique recipe, the chances for the reinvention of the process is rather low. Besides, the process of maintaining the invention in secret does not involve any big investments. The invention of the recipe is useful for this particular business and can benefit the owner if used in this area. The invention cannot be regarded as extremely useful to the society, and is more likely to benefit the owner if kept in secret. Fair Use in File-Sharing Cases The successful use of fair use d
Introduction Diabetes among African Americans is a frequently discussed topic in the fields of health care and nursing. Despite the intentions to prevent and control this disease, genetic and ethnic factors cannot be ignored, influencing more than 12% of the black population in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). In their study, Purcell and Cutchen (2013) indicated three types of interventions to assess the needs of African Americans for managing diabetes, including the role of a person, family, and support groups or neighborhoods. In this part of the project, attention will be paid to the relationships and expectations of diabetic African Americans, addressing the PEN-3 model’s three factors. Person Considering the factor of a person, relationships and expectations are connected with the necessity to enhance patients’ awareness about the disease and get them prepared for changes in health. As an example, hypoglycemia is one of the serious complications of diabetes in African Americans that may triple the mortality risks, increase emotional challenges, and lower the quality of life (Karter et al., 2017). A patient has to understand that this, as well as other diabetes-related problems, may change the life of a person in a variety of ways. Therefore, it is necessary not just to expect that the relationships with a healthcare expert can help but to focus on self-education, time management, and monitoring of vital signs. Extended Family The role of an extended family is another facto
Introduction Illegal immigration in the United States has caused political, social, and economic repercussions and has elicited a raging debate in various circles. Millions of illegal immigrants flood the United States and threaten the rights of the US citizens. Holzer argues that the broken immigration system has affected the United States immensely because it reduces security, lowers economic growth, undermines national values, and diminishes international image (9). Therefore, reformation of the system is necessary to curb millions of illegal immigrants from causing political, social, and economic problems in the United States. The policy reform debate of immigration revolves around aspects such as the introduction of work permit, regulation of visas, offering amnesty, interior enforcement, helping immigrants to settle, and fixing border enforcement. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine policy reform debate of immigration in the United States with the objective of comparing and analyzing various views. Comparative and Analysis From the perspective of the social contract, the citizens of the United States have given authority to the government to protect them from external aggression and invasion by foreigners. In this case, illegal immigration is a form of social and economic aggression because it affects social and economic status of the natives. Immigrant workers offer stiff competition to the native workers; hence, creating social and economic repercussions. Holtz posits, “Most analysts suggest that fiscal impacts of unskilled immigrants are mixed, perhaps generating a net drain on local public resources at federal and national levels” (8). Therefore, introduction of working permit is critical for only legal immigrants to access jobs. Moreover, regulating visas and fixing border enforcement provide means of protecting the citizens from the impacts of immigrant workers. In the perspective of classical liberalism, individuals have inalienable rights of freedom to operate within the regulations of liberalization. Classical liberalism postulates that employers have the freedom to employ workers irrespective of whether they have a work permit or not. Moreover, immigrants should have rights to apply their knowledge and skills in various forms of employment so that they empower themselves economically. DeLaet explains that liberal immigration policies have made “employer associations push for employment access for workers with particular occupational characteristics” (p.3). Hence, employers exercise their liberal freedom by employing and helping immigrants to settle in the United States. The perspective
Introduction Development in clinical medicine has made it possible for medical practitioners and care givers to supply nutrition and hydration to patients whose medical conditions do not allow normal eating processes. 1 In most cases, these life-supporting substances are given through a host of methods, including but not limited to intravenous tubes, nasogastric tubes, hyperalimentation and surgical gastrostomy tubes. This procedural provision of food to patients has, however, been viewed by others as a form of treatment, being compared to a respirator, used to allow breathing in patients. On the other hand, this form of feeding is perceived as a form of basic care, which should not be denied patients in need of it. 2 Numerous cases have been decided, involving this matter with no consensus being reached, regarding the implication of tube-feeding in the health of a patient. 3 This essay discusses the question of whether nutrition and hydration should be withheld or withdrawn from patients or not. Even though the discussion is two-sided, this analysis supports the fact that nutrition and hydration should be withheld or withdrawn under medical and ethical circumstances. In particular, the arguments presented in this essay will focus on laws and ethical issues in Australia. Reluctance to withhold food In cases where a person cannot eat because of his or her medical condition, a decision is usually made about providing food through the available feeding methods for such patients. However, emphasis for this decision is based on medical needs of the patient, challenges and benefits of carrying out the process. 4 While physicians find no difficulty in initiating this mode of feeding, it is evident that the main challenge arises when they are supposed to withhold or withdraw nutrition and hydration towards the end of life. Although most physicians are qualified in making other medical-ethical decisions of terminating treatment or life, forgoing feeding is still a problematic issue. Whilst most decisions concerning medical issues are supposed to be weighed thoroughly, there is a notion that decisions to withdraw or withheld nutrition and hydration in patients are never based on advantages and disadvantages of the process. In some cases, physicians are usually reluctant to terminate feeding even when the demerits of the process evidently outweigh the benefits. 5 Additionally, it has been observed that some medical practitioners become biased on the kind of treatment to be forgone when a patient is in a critical situation and is not willing to withdraw or withhold feeding. It is essential to note that this reluctance persists although medical organizations do recognize withdrawing or withholding nutrition and hydration from patients under proper ethical and medical conditions. By considering this kind of feeding as a form of life-prolonging treatment, similar principles of terminating treatment have to be observed within the con