ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Ginseng is a plant. Three major herbs are called ginseng: American ginseng, Asian ginseng, and Siberian ginseng. However, the last type is not true ginseng because it does not contain ginsenosides, typical ginseng components that are considered useful due to their medicinal properties. Ginseng is used for different purposes. For instance, it improves memory and mood and reduces fatigue. What is more, it is believed that ginseng prevents and treats cold and flu, different types of cancer, diabetes, and many other diseases. There is a mixed variety of ginseng products such as supplements, pills, and drinks. The paper aims to analyze the article by Carla Nappi and the investigation of some forms of ginseng products from Korean and Chinese markets. Ginseng Products Ginseng products are sold at specialized Asian stores. There are a few places where people can buy Chinese and Korean ginseng products in Ontario, Canada. T&T Supermarket and PAT Central market are examples of such places. T&T Supermarket is located at 222 Cherry Street. T&T Supermarket is an Asian supermarket that offers a wide range of Asian and western groceries and cooked food. Some Chinese ginseng products can be found there, ginseng tea, quaker ginseng drink, and dried ginseng. Chinese ginseng tea comes in packages. There are pictures of ginseng and some Chinese hieroglyphs on the tea box. The Chinese ginseng tea manufacturers state that tea helps prevent cancer and reduces physical and mental stress. Quaker ginseng drink is light-brown liquid poured in a 60 ml bottle. There is the image of ginseng roots on the label. Quaker ginseng drink is a beverage that promises to protect the liver. Dried ginseng represents the dried roots of ginseng. These roots resemble ginger roots. It is not packed, and it is sold by weight. Although there is no mention of what dried ginseng is for and how it is used, it is quite well-known that dried ginseng improves brain function and mood and reduces stress. Some Korean ginseng products can be found at PAT Central. It is located at 675 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Canada. PAT Central is one store of the chain PAT MART named Canada’s first Korean supermarket. There is a mixed variety of Korean products. Such ginseng products as ginseng extract pill, Korean dried ginseng root, and red ginseng latte are sold there. Ko
Values in “Bread Givers” by Anzia Yezierska The aim of this essay is to detail the predicaments faced by Sara Smolinsky in Anzia Yezierska’s novel, Bread Givers, largely due to conflicts between old world values represented by her country of origin in Eastern Europe, and early 20 th century, modern American values. Using the novel as a guide, I will describe Sara’s attempts to forge a unity between these competing values in order to reconcile her relationship with an estranged father, Reb Smolinsky. Further, I will endeavor to apply lessons from Sara’s uneasy circumstances, to give my own theory on how immigrants are able to achieve the kind of synthesis that Sara did in her own journey through conflict. To understand how the novel represents the two competing values faced by Sara Smolinsky, it is important to perceive her background of poverty and helplessness. Sara’s family consists of her mother, father Reb and three sisters – all immigrant Jews who live in the Lower East Side area of New York City, in the early 1900’s, a period which saw large-scale immigration into America from Eastern Europe. Throughout the novel, it is depicted that each character is able to adapt to their new homeland through a supportive mechanism which allows them to incorporate new values, and evolve from their fixed mindsets. Out of all of them, Sara stands out due to her rebellious spirit which was throttled by Reb Smolinsky, the father, who represents a male-dominated patriarchal society which is very much in odds with early wave feminism of the 20 th century. In Reb’s orthodox world-view, women are little better than chattel that have been solely made to serve the purpose of man. He refuses to work, rather preferring to pursue his religious vocations. But, the women in the household step out of their conservative boundaries to become bread-winners for the family. This is an amalgamation of the women’s traditional roles as home-makers along with the spirit of free enterprise and equal division of labor, which characterizes America. For instance, Bessie, the eldest daughter is seen as the “burden bearer” (39) as she is shown early on working hard, bringing food to the table. In a similar fashion, Reb’s wife Shenah, experienced a “slight transformation in her traditional role of a housewife” (Yezierska 45). While back home in Eastern Europe, she would be content serving her husband, not looking for employment outside home, being in America was an entirely unfamiliar experience. Her daughter Sara went a step further, freely mingling with different cultures, neighbors and other external influences. This shaped her mind enough to see there was no real need for her to depend on her father or future husband to nurture a family. She saw the wisdom of joining the workforce to augment her traditional role of a mother and wife. Clearly, Sara’s transformation was not unusual given the fact that the family faced acute poverty and Reb refused to work. Being cold, manipulative and controlling, Reb
Abstract High street travel agents have made a significant contribution to the development of the tourism business while the recently emerged online travel services are gaining more popularity. As a result, traditional agents of the United Kingdom face a challenge to stay competitive and preserve their positions on the travel market. This study critically evaluates the perspectives on the future of travel agency and provides recommendations for agents based on research findings. The research objectives of the study are to critically evaluate the condition of high street travel agents in the United Kingdom, reveal the most important strengths and weaknesses of traditional travel agents in the country, assess the factors that threaten the development of traditional travel agents, and provide some evidence-based suggestions about the further development of traditional travel agents in conditions of the competitive environment. The sample included 325 participants who returned fully completed questionnaires. Data obtained through the survey underwent statistical analysis which included both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics empowered the evaluation of the current condition of travel agents at the high street as well as in the online business platforms. Inferential statistics used such tools as the analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation test, Chi-square test, and simple linear regression analysis. The complex of tools allowed assessing the nature and strength of relationships within, between, and among demographic data and travel behaviors of participants. The research findings suggest paying attention to contemporary demographic trends. Thus, clients who use mobile applications and use online platforms in booking services are more likely to book a tour than the clients of physical offices. Another peculiarity is that the customers of high street travel agents prefer booking hotels while the users of online services book whole trips. These and other factors should be considered by travel agents to maintain their competitive ability and achieve sustainable development in the changing environment of the travel industry. Introduction High street travel agents have been a chief factor in the development of the tourism business. Kurubacak and Altinpulluk (2017) claim that these agents have been providing both tourists and business travelers with reliable and convenient access to hospitality and other related services. As the local and international tourism industry was growing, these agents were receiving significant benefits. Nevertheless, technological advancement led to the rise of online trade agents. Consequently, travelers received an opportunity to search and book the services th
Summary and Recommendations Considering the number of immigrants in the State of Qatar, and the wide range of economic and social benefits that the citizens of the State are provided with, the access to citizenship is now significantly limited. The only way a non-Qatari person can become a citizen is through naturalization, which implies a lot of requirements. Additionally, naturalized citizens do not have all rights that native Qataris have, children of Qatari are not always considered as citizens, and women do not have equal rights with men. Nevertheless, the country needs foreigners to meet its development and labor market needs, so it should attract them. We are suggesting you Highness to consider these recommendations as to the path to fulfilling the projected development and market goals: A) Simplify the procedure of naturalization and give new entrants access to permanent residency or even citizenship. B) Reduce economic benefits for citizens since it burdens the country. Background Qatar citizenship brings many benefits to its people: employment in the public sector, free health care facilities and education, free electricity and water, land grants, housing advantages, etc. However, the more the State offers to its citizens, the fewer people can be provided with ci
Italians The challenges faced The Italians who immigrated to the United States in 17 th and 18 th centuries faced many challenges. According to LeMay (46), the main problem that Italians faced was discrimination. This scholar says that Italians were given derogative names such as ‘dagoes’ and ‘guineas’ as a reflection of their social class in the American society. They were only qualified to work in the fields even if they had advanced academic qualifications. In most of the cases, they worked alongside the African Americans in the fields or industrial sectors. They were also denied opportunities of advancing their academic careers. The Italians were also denied some of the amenities such as quality healthcare and education facilities that were available to the Whites. How they met these challenges The Italians had limited options in addressing the challenges they faced in the United States. Most of them persevered. They worked hard to ensure that they pleased their superiors. They were willing to take odd jobs because they lacked other alternatives. Jews The challenges faced The Jews in the United States suffered prejudice among other discriminatory acts. They were associated with greed and shadowy business dealings that involved taking advantage of others. The Whites viewed them as people who were obsessed with the idea of getting money. A section of the society also blamed them for the death of Jesus Christ. It made them unwelcome in some communities, including schools and hospitals. The political class worsened an environment that was already unaccommodating for the Jews by openly criticizing them in their political rallies. The society was very suspicious of their actions. This lack of trust made it almost impossible for them to get white-collar jobs in those early days (Chen and Yoo 112). How they met these challenges The Jews overcame these challenges in a unique way. They did not try to please the Whites by embracing their lifestyle. They focused on business and ignored any prejudices that the society had towards them. Most of them succeeded in business. Their biggest strength was the unity they had in solving their problems. They lived as a community where one’s problem was shared by all. Asians The challenges faced According to the research by Gabaccia (73), the main challe
Introduction Movies Wall Street and Wizard of Oz depict different economic problems and critical life situations typical for business. Wall Street vividly portrays corporate misconduct and insider trading which threatens company’s existence and its employees. Both movies depict real life situations which influence the company and stakeholders, future growth and personal values of people. Discussion The main theme of Wall Street is insider trading perfumed by Bud Fox and Gordon Gekko. Insider trading refers to “the buying or selling of securities by a person who has obtained nonpublic information”, which is likely to be important to a reasonable investor and who employs that nonpublic information in breach of an obligation of confidence or trust (Bishop 72). The movie vividly portrays unethical behavior of corporate leaders and their desire to gain financial success at any price. Gekko, a corporate raider, decides to sell assets of Bluestar and dismiss employees. Bud manipulates with the assets which is prohibited by law. The movie shows that the alleged abuses parallel insider trading techniques: a commodities broker who receives a large order for soybeans from a customer might then buy some soybeans futures himself. He could then sell at a higher price to fill the customer’s order or sell to others when the price rises as a result of the large purchase order. in spite of positive outcomes of Fox’s actions, he is arrested by the Securities Exchange Commission because of law violation and illegal actions. Despite vigorous enforcement of antifraud laws brawny with sanctions that include huge financial penalties and prison terms for offenders, those who abuse the insider trading, short-swing profits laws have not been deterred. Under the short-swing rule, an officer or director may complete as many purchases as he or she wishes without regard to any time constraints provided he or she does not sell the equity-security (Bishop 76). The movie underlines that recovery by the firm is automatic, it still is a crime (Reuters Glossary 236). The main problem is that both Bud Fox and Gordon Gekko use nonpublic information and manipulate assets and the stock prices. According ot law, this confidential business information belongs to the corporation, to its shareholders. securities laws dictate the time and method that certain important information can be released to the public (Bishop 79). The disclosure of information lies within the discretion of a firm’s executive management. Nonetheless, the firm’s executives must exercise that discretion in conformity with the obligations prescribed by reason of their fiduciary relationship with the firm and its shareholders (Reuters Glossary 236). The firm’s employees are also prohibited from selling or giving away inside information to someone who is likely to use it. Moreover, if the person to whom the employee sold or gave the information knew, or should have known, that the firm’s employee was breaching a f
Introduction The most challenging concept in organization that constitutes different people is leadership. It is often said that when one is in a position of leadership, he is faced with the challenge of dealing with people who have been shaped up by different circumstances in life; those who are fixed minded and most importantly final decisions lies with him. A leader therefore shoulders all the successes and failures of an organization. Individuals are involved in push pull everyday struggling to occupy leadership positions, once they are there, the battle does not stop at that, they are involved the frustration of convincing the people under him to accept his proposals; but only after subjecting them to some vetting. In his book The 360-Degree Leadership John Maxwell gives some highlights on the principles of leadership within an organization. Maxwell explains that t
The history of Kudler Fine Foods gives a clear picture of how positive external and internal environmental factors contributed to the success of the company. The company is wholly dedicated to managing external forces of marketing trends, complying with markets’ legislation, and reckoning with government actions and demographics. Internally, Kudler Fine Foods has managed its personnel, structure, hardware, and infrastructure very well (Apollo Group, 2007). Kudler Fine Foods started with the founder’s vision of supplying varieties of foods coupled with good ethics of fair pricing to the customers (Apollo Group, 2007). The founder’s concept was a reality and between 1998 and 2003, it was so successful that three stores in different locations had already been established and operational. Promoting local contractors is another in-house attribute of Kudler Fine Foods. All the stores of the firm are sourced from external contractors. Although the firm could build its own, the management decided to lease. This is goodwill towards the competitors of the business. The stores located in 21 different countries stock over 250 varieties of cheese, 350 types of fruits, organic and non-organic produce as well as different varieties of wine and soft beverages from many international suppliers. This is evident that Kudler Fine Foods is taking seriously the diverse aspects of global behaviors emanating from religion, ethnicity, and culture (Apollo Group, 2007). Kudler Fine Foods is a strong company and has several attributes, which include: Operations – the stores operatives are well organized and disciplined; marketing and sales – a wide range of customers are well served and communication is efficient; inbound and outbound logistics – goods are stored, distributed, received from the suppliers and sent to customers via retailers systematically and harmoniously; and firm Infrastructure – mechanisms are in place for accounting, strategic and corporate planning. Other attributes include human resource management, acquisition of goods, equipment advancement, and serving clients well (Agecon, 2010; Apollo Group, 2007). Security measures are in place and are adequately incorporated into the day-to-day running of the business. Software used for running the firm’s data bank is available, updated, and tested to ensure there are no pitfalls in business invoicing documentation. Power blackouts are not tolerated. Standby generator sets are installed to provide an emergency power supply. The safety of the personnel, customers, facilities, and equipment is an important management issue and features very well in the company’s operation agenda. Kudler Fine Foods has both in-house and external experts to carry out the noble functions that go
In Ricci v. DeStefano, the U.S. Supreme Court made a contentious ruling on workplace racial discriminate practices. In the case, eighteen firefighters from New Haven’s fire department had sued their employer for engaging in discriminatory practices. Seventeen of the firefighters were Caucasian while one firefighter was Hispanic. The officials of the fire department refused to promote the fire fighters. This is despite the fact that they had passed promotion tests. The officials refused to promote the employees since none of the black firefighters had passed the promotion tests with marks that warranted promotion (Fitter & Gulas, 2002). Therefore, they invalidated all the results of the test. This was a racially discriminatory practice since it denied the employees promotions on racially-motivated grounds. The actions of the fire department officials contravened Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the major American legislation that protects people from being victims of discrimination. The legislation prohibits employers from engaging in racial discrimination or discriminating employees due to their interracial associations. However, the legislation permits discrimination under special circumstances. Employers have the right to discriminate to safeguard a trait that is a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ). The trait should be reasonably vital in the normal operations of the organization. However, employers must be able to prove that the trait is a BFOQ. They must prove the three elements of a BFOQ exist in the trait. The employer must prove that there is a direct relationship between the trait and the capability of performing various tasks within the organization. The employer must also prove that the BFOQ relates to the ‘essence’ or main objective of the organization. Finally, the employer must prove that no reasonable options are less-restrictive. In Ricci v. DeStefano, the defendant strived to prove that promoting black employees was vital to the activities of the fire department. However, the fire department did not promote any employee since no black employees obtained promotion test marks that warranted promotion (Fitter & Gulas, 2002). The New Haven Civil Service Board (CSB) is the agency that endorsed the results of the results of the promotion tests. It held several hearings to determine whether to endorse the results. Several parties supported the endorsement of the results. They stated that the tests used nationally recognized books in formulating the questions. Therefore, it was wrong for the department to refuse to endorse the test results. However, the CSB did not endorse the results of the test. This forced Ricci, one of the employees who had passed the test, to sue the city mayor, John DeStefano, Jr. However, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the defendant (Fitter & Gulas, 2002). It was the duty of the defendant to prove that being black is a BFOQ. Therefore, it was vital for the department to promote black employees. From the case, it is clear that promoting black employees did
The Problem The use of oxygen in prehospital care focuses on treating or preventing hypoxemia. Excess oxygen (hyperoxia) delivery has critical effects on certain patients (Cornet, Kooter, Peters and Smulders, 2012). Hyperoxia can adversely affect patient outcomes. Oxygen delivery to patients without hypoxemia (low level of oxygen in the blood) can lead to adverse outcomes in the presence of hyperoxia. Oxygen is the most commonly delivered and administered to patients after medical and surgical procedures, but it is not necessarily the most commonly prescribed. The research design and methods The study is a comprehensive review of current organizational guidelines for oxygen delivery in pre-hospital care and the current evidence from human trials, which demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and complications of pre-hospital oxygen therapy. The Results (Findings) General Findings   * Prehospital care takes place in unique environments with logistical and educational challenges (Branson and Johannigman, 2013)   * Prehospital care requires oxygen therapy for patients with hypoxemia   * Oxygen should be titrated to achieve normoxemia   * It is important to review and change current practices of oxygen delivery in prehospital care Specific Findings Cardiovascular Disease   * There are risks of hypoxemia   * Further studies are necessary to determine the prehospital oxygen delivery for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the oxygen level and its measurement Respiratory Disease   * The presence of hypoxemia requires oxygen therapy   * Oxygen therapy should be specifically addressed to a given condition Trauma   * Oxygen is necessary in cases of hypoxemia   * Oxygen titration to a normal level is required   * Hyperoxemia could present challenges because of unexpected outcomes among trauma patients with or without traumatic brain injuries Other Conditions   * Pregnancies require titrated oxygen provided under certain pathophysiology conditions   * They also need analysis of oximetry or blood gas Other conditions   * Breathlessness: oxygen therapy does not eliminate breathlessness in non-hypoxemic patients   * Sickle Cell Crisis: oxygen therapy is necessary in conditions of hypoxemia   * Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Oxygen delivery is necessary in carbon monoxide poisoning One hundred percent oxygen reduces the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin from 4 or 5 hours to 40 minutes Perspectives of the conclusions The study presents an overall account of the use of oxygen therapy in prehospital care in a short and concise manner. It shows that:   * Excess oxygen usages occur due to a common belief that it is non-toxic over short exposures   * There are logistic challenges in oxygen delivery   * Training challenges have resulted in excess oxygen usages in terms of dosages and indication of conditions   * Oxygen requires titration to lessen cases of hypoxemia and eliminate hyperoxemia except in co