ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The flower industry in Kenya is located in Naivasha and employs over 50,000 people (directly and indirectly). The markets for this flower are the developed countries, mostly Europe. The exportation to Europe accounts for 70% of the total sales of the country’s flowers (Kenya flowers council). The sector is the second foreign exchange earner (from tea) for the Eastern Africa nation. They have established themselves in the country because of the availability of cheap labor and the favorable climate. Since the year 2003, the sector has been recording a steady growth and the income derived has been on the rise. Statistics from the Kenya flower council saw that the income derived from the sector amounted to 10.4 billion shillings in 2003, 13.1 billion shillings in 2005, and 13.36 billion in the year 2006. This sector was adversely affected during the 2007 global crisis. Europe disposable income was reduced and this meant that the demand for the flowers was reduced. The other way that the sector was affected is the reduction in the value of the dollar. As the dollar got weak, the money that was fetched from the minimal exports that the country did was less. At this time the income of the flower companies reduced sharply (Davies, 2010). This followed the sacking of employees and deteriorated living standards. Some companies like the Ser Karuturi were forced to momentarily stop flower growth. These reduced incomes affected other sectors like the communication sector (Wainwright & Labuschagne, 2009). The flower sector is
Introduction This paper is a review of Tinderbox: How the West sparked the AIDS epidemic and how the world can finally overcome it book written by Timberg and Halperin in 2012. In spite of the fact that AIDS is considered a dying disease in the United States, it is still an epidemic in Africa primarily spread by heterosexual contacts and should be addressed by means of effective prevention tactics including condoms use, stable relationships, and male circumcision. Timberg and Halperin argue that the prevalence of the male circumcision could prevent up to 5.7 million new contaminations of HIV and around 3 million deaths within twenty years in South Africa (Timberg & Halperin, 2012). The above measure would decrease the number of sexually transmitted infections leading to the prevention of epidemic. The mentioned issue is undoubtedly worth considering as HIV and AIDS are becoming more and more widespread threatening the world. Expansion of HIV First of all, authors state that the colonization of Africa promoted the expansion of HIV all over the world. However, the original tinderbox was Africans’ polygamy as they were allowed to have several wives along with non-marital sex partners. However, there is no epidemic of AIDS in the United States due to appropriate measures conducted by the government including the prohibition of the polygamy and anti-drug policy. Possible Solutions The second point under the review is the instrument of the fight against HIV. Timberg and Halperin (2012) believe that condoms have minimal influence because of the occasional use. Anti-HIV drugs might be helpful to improve living conditions but for the enormous cost (“Tinderbox: How the West fueled the AIDS epidemic,” 2012). Moreover, Timberg and Halperin (2012) consider that the male circumcision could stop the expansion of the epidemic. They provide convincing arguments stating that it is the cheapest and the most productive tool and that the level of HIV infected is five times higher in those regions of Africa where circumcision has never been practiced. Consequently, circumcision becomes the most appropriate solution that would save millions of lives as well as millions of dollars. Nevertheless, authors point out the alternative way applying the example of Uganda where soldiers were limited to have sex only within stable relationships. Particularly, they were allowed to have sexual contacts only in marriage or with a permanent partner. Thus, the measure worked under the fear. The United States tries to prevent the worldwide epidemic Additionally, authors regard the role of the United States in HIV and AIDS prevention. Donnelly (2012) agrees with them that the United States should be involved in the fight against AIDS in Africa as colonialists’ trade might aggravate the situation spreading the disease to the world. In this regard, the country is funding the male circumcision in Africa since 2007. Conclusion In conclusion, the book reflects the pandemic of HIV in Africa and the United States focusing on reasons causing it and ways that could control it, namely, on polygamy and the male circumcision respectively.
Introduction Social workers follow specific code of ethics and values to improve the wellbeing and health outcomes of communities, individuals, and underserved populations. The presented group is opposed to the idea of renting to the local mental health department to establish a group home. My position is that the group’s decision is inappropriate since there is need for a group home to meet the needs of the targeted mentally ill beneficiaries. This discussion explains how I am planning to address the issue. Ethical Decision-Making Framework Critical thinking and personal reflection are evidence-based practices that must be taken seriously whenever supporting the needs of different clients. Ethical decision-making should be guided by appropriate models in order to maximize the outcomes of every person (Voshel & Wesala, 2015). Personally, the current situation encourages me to use an effective decision-making framework. The first stage is to identify the nature of the ethical predicament. My group members are unwilling to support the decision to have a group home for mental health patients. The second phase is analyzing the dilemma using the ethical guidelines outlined for human services professionals. This understanding will guide me to examine the ethical and legal issues arising from the concern. It is agreeable that the decision fails to support the welfare of the targeted beneficiaries. The third stage is to consider the cultural and health concerns associated with the issue. During this stage, it is appropriate to consult different professionals and managers. This stage will present appropriate considerations to meet the needs of the people without affecting the expectations of various stakeholders. The final stage is presenting the best advice and insights to support the decision (Loue, 2013). This framework explains why the proposed group home has the potential to support the mental health needs of every patient. The Best Action The proposed group home in the local mental hospital can maximize the health outcomes of different beneficiaries. This fact explains why I will make sure my opinion is understood by every person. Personally, I would owe loyalty to the society and the mentally ill who are in need of the proposed residence. Social workers should consider various ethical principles such as least harm, freedom and autonomy, equality, and the need to protect life (Loue, 2013). These values would empower me to consider the best action plans and decisions that can fulfill the emerging needs of underprivileged people in the society. This fact explains why the needs of the mentally ill would be considered to develop the best action plan. The next thing is balancing my values with those of the group. Members of a given group can focus on the ethical principles dictating the practice of social workers (Voshel & Wesala, 2015). They will be informed about the benefits of the group home and how it can support the needs of the mentally ill. Additionally, the community group’s leader will be encouraged to educate the members about the potential be
Visuals Source: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_XPWYCDl8syg/TO0FttaJLOI/AAAAAAAAAA8/_QJw44I-l7w/s1600/selfridges+inside.JPG Source: http://soulisrainingclothes.blogspot.com/2012/11/selfridges-christmas-window-display-2012.html Source: http://soulisrainingclothes.blogspot.com/2012/05/selfridges-patriotic-jubilee-window.html Background Selfridges is a UK-based department store renowned for it’s superior retail offerings. It is in three key areas within the country; London, Manchester and Birmingham with two stores in Manchester. Customers can find the company’s stores at Oxford Street, Trafford Centre, Exchange Square and Birmingham respectively. Additionally, the company has an online presence where it sells it’s products to persons in the UK. Selfridges started in 1909 under the leadership of Gordon Selfridge. He wanted to create a fun-filled shopping experience. Therefore, he used visual displays and other strategies to create this image. The company underwent expansion and opened provincial stores. However, various retailers such as John Lewis bought these outlets; as a result, the firm only has four stores. The firm competes with organisations such as Harrods, Harvey Nichols, House of Fraser as well as John Lewis. It’s flagship store has 6.floors and over half a million square feet of shopping space. Market position Selfridges may be regarded as an upmarket retailer as most of the products are brand names. Furthermore, the chain has fewer retail outlets than it’s closest competitors – Harvey Nichols and John Lewis – yet it makes more sales than most of these organisations. The firm has differentiated itself from the competition by investing in in-store aesthetic, as well as it’s image (Berman 2006). In essence, the company is one of the most profitable retail brands in the UK. It can, therefore, be stated that the organisation has secured it’s top market position through frequent innovations as well as brand diversification. When one enters a Selfridge store, one is likely to find prices visibly displayed on the products. Clients are likely to concern themselves with price only to a small extent as mid-high to high end prices are the norm. Most of them would enter the chain for the merchandise sold as well the shopping experience. Top luxury designers Some of the brands that one can find at the chain store include Ralph Lauren, Paul Smith, Alexander McQueen, Hugo Boss, Barbour, Vivien Westwood, Givency, Roksanda Ilincic, Roland Mouret, Stella McCartney, Maiyet, Valentino, Erdem and many more. Customer base Selfridge’s appeals to local and foreign consumers equally; this strategy is slightly different from competitors like Harrods who focus on tourists as their main client base. Such a balanced strategy is useful for sustainability during the off-season (Brooks 2012). International consumers come to the store from countries like Russia and China. Selfridg
Online courses are an essential part of modern education, which allows students to develop and improve themselves without any physical obstacles. Online courses were enabled by advancements in technology and communications. There are three main reasons for choosing an online course over a traditional one, such as location, cost, and quality. It is important to note that online courses provide convenience for a student by allowing them to learn and study without attending the educational institution. Many learners report favoring online lectures over regular ones because they do not need to spend time traveling to the destination (Hart et al. 12). Traditional courses require students to be present during lectures, whereas online courses can be accessed from any location that has an internet connection. Furthermore, online courses are generally less expensive due to the absence of transportation fees and the need for rent. The classes themselves possess lower prices than the traditional ones because the university does not need to host students in the lecture rooms (Bawa 4). Due to the increasing cost of education, online alternatives are becoming more popular among students who are eager to learn. Online courses can provide high-quality education, which can be better than regular classes. The main reason is that online lectures possess a bigger capacity. Therefore, the student can choose to learn from the most qualified educators and professors in the field (Iloh 5). Online courses provide unlimited access to teachers, which increases the overall education quality. In conclusion, online courses are convenient, cheap, and high-quality, which makes them better alternatives than traditional classes. By selecting an online lecture, students can save on transportation and rent and have access to the best educators. Online courses are the future of the current education system. Works Cited Bawa, Papia. “Retention in Online Courses: Exploring Issues and Solutions – A Literature Review.” SAGE Open, vol. 1, no. 2, 2016, pp. 2-5. Hart, Cassandra M. D., et al. “Online Learning, Offline Outcomes: Online Course Taking and High School Student Performance.” AERA Open, vol. 5, no. 1, 2019, pp. 11-16. Iloh, Constance. “Does Distance Education Go the Distance for Adult Learners? Evidence from a Qualitative Study at an American Community College”. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, vol. 3, no. 2, 2018, pp. 3-8.
The case under consideration is Toshiba accounting scandal of 2015. The main issue is that the conglomerate’s senior management recognized that the company’s earnings have been overstated by around $2 billion. Even though the timeframe of the scandal is seven years, the outcomes are still significant because the estimates were four times less than the presented financial outcomes (Matthews & Gandel, 2015). This scandal pointed to the use of fraudulent accounting practices by Toshiba. The main factor contributing to the challenge is the fact that managers are free to postpone reports or move costs into later years that results in discrepancies in company’s financial outcomes. In this case, the main ethical issue is being dishonest with the conglomerate’s stakeholders and shareholders. In this way, they are ones affected. The main implication is that stakeholders and shareholders do not possess truthful information regarding the operation of Toshiba, so they cannot make appropriate decisions about their further cooperation with the company. For instance, they might believe that the company is more successful that it is in fact and invest in it. As a result, such a decision may turn into a financial failure. This example is a common implication for community. Still, there are other stakeholders to consider. For instance, owners suffer financial losses due to ruined reputation. Another group of those affected are employees because commonly lose confidence in their company and senior management. The same is true for customers that may distrust the company, thus decreasing the customer base. Except for these groups, marketers and vendors may as well be impacted because they fail to estimate the real condition of the firm and develop ways to cooperate with it. Finally, there are managers who face unnecessary difficulties in running the company, such as the need for addressing fraud implications, and regulators that are forced to review standards in order to conclude on their effectiveness and revise them in case of necessity. Speaking of internal accounting regulations, none of them were violated because, according to Toshiba’s corporate culture, postponing repo
The production possibility frontier is a curve that shows the efficient combination of outputs; mostly two goods or services, that an economy can produce when all the available factors of production are used to their full potential (Dwivedi 525). This curve illustrates the point at which the economy is most efficiently producing goods and services and consequently allocating resources in the best way possible. The goal of this paper is to explain the effects that recession and unemployment, increased technological advancements, and increased skilled labor will have on the product possibility curve. A production level that is less than or greater than the position indicated by the production possibility curve, means that resources are being managed inefficiently. This inefficiency results into a dwindling production level than the expected. The product possibility curve is drawn on the right as a concave from the origin, or as a linear bulging in towards the origin. Shifts in the product possibility curve have their origin from changes in factor inputs like; labor, raw materials, and technological knowhow. Effects of recession and a fifteen percent unemployment rise on the product possibility curve The current global economic crises has brought with it a fifteen percent increase in unemployment levels and recession. During such periods of recession, most factors of production remain idle and unutilized. Sloman affirms that such factors like land, labor and capital remain under utilized if not laid off, at such times of recession (200). Land that could be used for business expansion and building more factories remains idle, while labor is cut down by laying down a good portion of workers as an effort to reduce costs. The demand of capital equipments is reduced as firms cut down their expenditures. The consequences of these actions will be an inward shift in the product possibility curve from the original position, to anew point inside the curve. Production taking place inside the product possibility curve instead of taking place on it is observed in periods of increased unemployment levels. This indicates that the economy is not achieving its maximum production. Effects of the increased technological advancement on the production possibility curve Radical reforms in the education sector have resulted into improved educational standards in the United States. The improved educational standard has favored research and development and innovation, leading to a transformation in the way goods and services are produced and offered. These transformations coupled with the technological revolutions have made production, marketing and distribution of goods and services cheaper. The productivity of resources both labor and capital have also been increased by this technological improvement, leading to production of more goods per unit time using the same quantity of resources (Dwivedi 28). The consequence is that market prices will fall and products will be cheaper and affordable to consumers, and the product possibility curve will shift outwards indicating increased
Introduction Winkler asserts that the safety, health, and environmental (SHE) organizational units have often undergone reforms that are run through defaults (p.36). This implies that such organizational restructuring are determined through extensive financial considerations and business reorganization instead of self-instigated SHE managerial efforts. Up to late 1990, the SHE institutions experienced tumultuous moments. In fact, the business management observed the SHE organizations as overhead or service sources over-involved in various reformation waves, which either merged or subcontracted such activities to the joint service sectors. Recently, the restructuring zeal lessened and in the past ten years, environmental organizations executives polished up their institutions in order to fix the most appalling labels that occurred during the insistent service reformation periods. However, the SHE departments experienced intensified pressure that required such environmental units to accomplish various objectives with minimal resources (Winkler 37). As the most excellent SHE corporations found in the industry, DuPont Corporation had to adopt the unsurpassed practices in designing the organizational safety, health, and environmental measures. DuPont Corporation Case Study The environmental invention center has consistently assessed the features possessed by the safety, health, and environmental corporations that record higher performances. Also dubbed as the ‘evolving corporations,’ this research focuses on a large environmental corporation called DuPont since the institution has somewhat established environmental management practices. Besides, DuPont has structured layers, including facility, business units, and corporate levels that enable the company to acquire the preeminent SMEs practices (Winkler 37). The case study assesses whether the typical managerial aspects and capacity, namely the communications linkages, structure, and the size of the organization can assist the company to offer valued business services proficiently while adhering to environmental concerns and laws. That is, in case DuPont realizes the correct mixtures of clients’ desires at minimal outlay. The topic is significant given that the clients’ identities fluctuate very much depending on the type of the plant managers, marketing directors, as well as the board of directors’ requirements and requests. Besides, the conception of realizing the requirements of the clients materialize to have followed another dimension, including the capacity to manage the ensuing stakeholder concerns (Bradley and O’Neal 3). The case study report provides the organizational background of DuPont SHE, the devotion to environmental safety, the implications of DuPont organizational culture namely the advantages and prospective drawbacks, as well as the right balance. Background The culture and history of DuPont Corporation In the fiscal 1802, DuPont Corp was initiated for the production of black-powder. During the nineteenth century, the