ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the introductory part of the article, the author focuses on how intelligence is measured (Robinson 81). After that, he illustrates how science has triumphed over time. The section shows how education has been passed over and changed from time immemorial. Before the introduction of mass education, education was only restricted to church members. However, with the invention of the printing press, millions of individuals got access to education (Robinson 96). After the adoption of mass education, many people expected education to be beneficial to all. According to the author, mass education has been a disappointment because it has marginalized students’ other potentials (Robinson 106). In the last part of the article, the author persuades human beings to change how they perceive education. He argues that raising academic standards without improving other factors is not sufficient to address the issues faced in society. To progress, the article claims that humans need fresh comprehension of intelligence (Robinson 108). As such, humans should understand the nature and benefits of creativity. Through this, people will be able to reorganize some of their fundamental concepts about education and aptitude. Based on the paper’s analysis, it should be noted that there is a disconnection between intelligence and emotion. Similarly, there is a disconnection between arts and sciences in our societies. The above disconnections should be blamed for the unclear perception of creativity in our society (Robinson 101). Equally, the disconnections are responsible for the unequal developments in the world. Based on the above analysis, it is apparent that our education systems and perceptions should be changed (Robinson 106). Currently, humans believe that intelligence can be quantified. Similarly, humans are looking for means of enhancing their academic standards. In the quest to do this, we have failed to question if our initiatives will achieve the much-needed survival traits required in the future. As such, the current education system is only focused on enhancing assessment abilities other than enhancing creativity and innovation. By doing so, humans have marginalized students’ other potentials. The above illustrations indicate that our education system is failing many individuals in society. After reading through the article, I identified the reasons why our education systems are not equipping our students with the desired future’s skills. It was worrying to note that our education system is not suited for the future despite many resources and efforts allocated to the sector (Robinson 107). From the article, I noted that the speed and extent of change in our society have transformed how people exist and earn their living (Robinson 81). In my opinion, academic activity alone should not be used as a tool to gauge human intelligence. Similarly, I believe that every human being can succeed in life. To achieve this, our education
Abstract This report addresses the gender communication differences between men and women working for a particular organization. Communication is an important aspect in every organization as it directly affects the way it carries out its operations. For that reason, communication is one of the factors that influence the success of an organization. The gender communication differences are a negative aspect of communication, which adversely affect an organization’s operations. This report looks into a number of factors that contribute to gender communication differences between men and women. Some of the factors discussed include the thought process, giving feedback and problem solving. This report also discusses all the major communication management principles; these principles are necessary in organizations as they help to enhance communication among the managers and workers. Some of the communication management principles that have been discussed in this report include engagement and motivation of employees and the maintenance of effective team relations between them and their managers, and among each other. Lastly, the report illustrates the way in which the communication management principles can be used to harmonize the gender communication differences between men and women employees. The differences can be harmonized by empowering both male and female workers, availing the right communication tools to them, ensuring that the managers are available when they are needed by the junior workers, and constantly reminding the staff about the objectives of the organization so that they can work together to achieve them. All these factors should be incorporated into the management system of the organization to increase their impact on the employees and the management. Introduction Background Information Communication skills are among the most important attributes required in every individual, not only for building up relationships at home, but also at the workplace. Communications skills are among the first things that people learn during childhood and proceed with them to adulthood. The skills are nowadays considered part of organizational talents, which assist in enhancing the success of an organization. Lack of proper and strong communication skills in an organization can result in poor performance and even significant losses (Pincus, 2006). Some organizations overlook the importance of enhancing communication in their employees; such firms argue that with the current advancement in technology and communication, very little time needs to be spent on training employees regarding communication skills (Miller, 2012). Such organizations certainly forget that the employees are their spokespersons outside the company and so, they need to be adequately informed on all the products and services. The main communication and management skills require organizations to regularly motivate and engage their employees to be effective communicators. Organizations also need to formulate and maintain effective team relations between them and their employees as
Despite the vehement significance of safety and recognition of the patients’ rights in the medical spheres, the issues related to the ethical conduct take place. In this case, being the head health administrator at the USA Community Hospital implies that I have to pay vehement attention to the compliance of the procedures with the safety regulations and minimize the frequency of the violations of the rights and freedoms of the patients. Currently, the medical institution experiences issues with dealing with the complaints concerning the denial of services and mistreatment of the patients with HIV/AIDS. Based on the matters indicated above, one of the goals of the paper is to design a plan to determine the rationale for the denials of services. At the same time, it is critical to describe the roles of different levels of subordinations in ensuring that the actions of the personnel comply with the principles of the ethical conduct. Alternatively, designing plans to enhance the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients and change perceptions about their c
The sixteenth century was marked by a great number of witch trials in rural areas and border regions of Western Europe. This situation could be observed in England, Scotland, Germany, France, and other countries. To a great extent, this phenomenon can be attributed to the following factors: 1) official recognition of witchcraft and the activities of religious zealots who inspired the persecution of many people; 2) the stereotypes and superstitions about women and their relations with supernatural powers; 3) poverty, wars, and religious turmoil. These are the main issues that should be taken into account. At first, one should mention that the religious authorities recognized the existence of witches. For instance, it is possible to refer to the bull of Innocent VIII in which he grants local authorities the right to “do all things necessary” in order to struggle with witches (Innocent VIII unpaged). Furthermore, much attention should be paid to the notorious treatise Malleus Maleficarum which is also known as The Hammer of Witches . Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger, who were the authors of this text, popularized the idea that many people could be the servant of “devils” (Kramer and Sprenger 41). To some degree, this book contributed to the growing hysteria about witches, especially in Germany. Finally, it is critical to mention that the stereotypes according to which women were more likely to be to be seduced by the devil (Verlet). They contributed to the victimization of many women, especially spinsters and widows since they were most powerless (Verlet). These are some of the forces that increased the fear of witches. Moreover, it is critical to remember that witchcraft accusations were more widespread in the areas that could be profoundly affected by wars and poverty (Lualdi 320). To some extent, they intensified people’s hostility to one another. Among such regions, one can distinguish rural areas of Scotland and Germany. Under such circumstances, people were more likely to use witchcraft accusations as a means of acquiring wealth. In turn, the most unprotected victims could be widows and spinsters. Thus, one should focus on the socio-economic aspects of this phenomenon. Additionally, witch trials were more widespread in the countries where the influence of the Catholic Church was weakest. Again, one can speak about Germany or Switzerland. These states were mostly profoundly affected by the Protestant Reformation. Moreover, the role of Catholicism in Scotland or England was reduced because the government did not want the church to interfere into its policies (Hunt et al. 464). The main problem is that the declining power of the Roman Catholicism gave rise to people who could be viewed as religious fanatics. Moreover, even religious leaders of the Protestant Reformation such as Calvin and Luther approved of witch trials (Ankerloo 11; Brady 626). In turn, the activities of religious zealots were least controlled in rural areas of these countries. T
Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder marked by a change in manic and depressive states, mixed states, and the alternation of euphoria and depression, which is also known as manic-depressive illness. Mood swings in patients with BD are more serious than those people encounter every day. In contrast to the normal change of mood, with their increases and decreases, which are inherent in any person, the symptoms of BD can lead to serious consequences (Cerimele, Chwastiak, Chan, Harrison, & Unützer, 2013). They can affect the quality of work and personal life and even cause thoughts about suicide. The alternations of mood are accompanied by significant changes in energy and behavior. The course of BD consists of the periods of the excited and passive states that are called mania and depression respectively. As for progress, the evidence shows that the disease may lead to more depressions, turn to a rapid-cycling manner, or result in functional recovery. The symptoms of mania or manic episodes are increased energy and anxiety, euphoric mood, increased irritability, distractibility, inability to concentrate, inadequate assessment of the situation, drug abuse, especially cocaine, alcohol, and insomnia medications, and provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behaviors (Mondimore, 2014). A manic episode is diagnosed if a manic state accompanied by three or more symptoms lasts for most of the day, almost every day, and during a week or longer. The progression of the disease refers to depression or depressive episodes, during which patients tend to ponder over their behaviors and experience a sense of guilt. The key symptoms of depression include a prolonged state of sadness and anxiety, hopelessness and pessimism, the loss of interest in activities that the sick person previously enjoyed, low energy, concentration problems, difficulties in remembering or making decisions (Mondimore, 2014). Changes in appetite, chronic pain, or other persistent symptoms that are not the result of a physical illness or injury, and thoughts about death or suicide may be noted. A depressive episode is diagnosed if five or more symptoms frequently appear for two or more weeks on an everyday basis. The recent epidemiological studies revealed the greatest prevalence of BD in the age group from 18 to 24 years, and without sex differences (Rowland & Marwaha, 2018). The appearance of the given disease at a later age, as a rule, is a consequence of traumatic brain injury, a stroke, et cetera. Rowland and Marwaha (2018) also mention that the lifetime prevalence of the bipolar disorder is 2.4 percent, while it may vary in various countries, depending on age, ethnicity, and other factors. The higher socioeconomic status and creativity are associated with lower risks of developing the disease. Theory Neurons have special ways to communicate with each other, the so-called projections of axons and dendrites. The gap between them composes the synaptic cleft, where the interaction of neurons occurs. N
Additional Funding for Starbucks As businesses expand their scale of operations, there is need to obtain additional funds that would facilitate the growth. An expansion program of most businesses aims at increasing the sales level of the an entity. To generate additional sales, a business need to increase the asset and capital base. It is for the reason that businesses use assets to generate sales and these assets are funded by the available capital. Therefore, an increase in income generating assets increases sales (Eugene and Ehrhardt 530). Computation of additional funding needs is of utmost importance for a business which intend to expand. After ascertaining the additional funds needed, an organization needs to look for economical ways of obtaining the funds. It is important to note that the factors that determine the additional funds needs varies. Further, management needs to ascertain whether an organization is operating at full capacity. This would help evaluating whether there is the need to acquire additional machinery and equipment. This may increase the additional funds needed. Calculation of additional funded needed is shown below. Additional funds needed = Forecasted increase in sales – unstructured upsurge in liabilities – increase in retained earnings (Eugene and Ehrhardt 532) Additional funds needed can also be obtained by using the data for the forecasted income statement and balance sheet statement. Calculation of the additional funds needed will be based on a number of assumptions as listed below. Assumptions  1. Cost of sales including occupancy cost, store operating expenses, general and administrative expenses will increase at the same rate as sales increase that is, 14% in 2013, 11% in 2014, 8% in 2015, 7% in 2016, 6% in 2015, and 5% in 2018.  2. It is assumed that the amount of profit retained is constant at $505.16 during the period of the forecast.  3. Sales will increase according to the rates used for forecasting.  4. Accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and fixed assets will increase at the same rate as sales increase that is, 14% in 2013, 11% in 2014, 8% in 2015, 7% in 2016, 6% in 2015, and 5% in 2018. The assumptions will help ascertain whether the company will require additional funds or whether the expansion program will generate excess cash. When using this approach, it is necessary to obtain the amount of total assets and liabilities & equities which are directly affected by the sales during the period of the forecast. The sum of total liabilities and shareholders’ equity is deducted from the total assets to ascertain whether the organization will require additional funding or the company has excess cash (Eugene and Ehrhardt 536). The table below summarizes workings or additional fun
During the last decades, an intensive development of informational technologies and the consequent evolution of virtual social networks was observed. However, while these processes actively influenced social-economic and political situations, they did not significantly eliminate the individual experiences of loneliness in the modern world. The urgent need for socialization leads individuals to search for various methods of escaping the negative feelings and, in a highly computerized environment, a lot of people use massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) as a mean for communication and social bonding. MMORPGs are a shining example of an intensive informational and audiovisual technology development. Nowadays, online role games are extremely popular, and throughout a significant period, they have evolved from the primitive arcades into full-value virtual realities, such as The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim and Mass Effect 3 , that require months of real-time investigation. The popularity of MMORPGs continues to grow, and more people become involved in the gaming process. However, the modern MMORPGs cannot be regarded as merely entertainment tools because they enter other social and cultural realms: arts, education, ethics, psychology, social communication, and even sports. In order to achieve a greater understanding of MMORPGs as social-cognitive phenomena, it is important to analyze the factors of their functioning and development that commenced with the attempts to transfer physical-reality role games to online platforms. Role games belong to a gaming genre that requires a gamer to become immersed into a role of a particular imaginary character (Zackariasson, Wåhlin, & Wilson, 2010). It is possible to presume that role games have existed since a sufficient level of human intellectual development was achieved and the first imaginary mythological worlds were created and took their place in the cultural domain of social performance. Although gaming process is an essential element of MMORPGs, interpersonal user communication and community-building are its inherent components as well (Skoric & Kwan, 2011). Communication feature distinguishes online role games from traditional online one-player games. MMORPGs include the aspect of continuous interrelations between users, their active interactions. It is one of the reasons for MMORPGs’ popularity – they merge entertainment functions and social networking. The present-day MMORPGs can be divided into two groups according to the gaming principles: Player versus Environment (PvE) and Player versus Player (PvP). PvE principle implies that a user interacts with a gaming environment (scenarios and programmed conflicts, etc.) and strives to improve his/her character’s qualities as he/she moves along a game’s story line (Glas, 2012). PvP principle requires a user to build relationships with other players. And in PvP games, communication pattern – opposition or collaboration – is a major factor influencing game progress (Glas, 2012). The level of interpersonal communication and
Introduction Sustainability is an important aspect of business in modern society where environmental pollution, economics, efficiency, effectiveness, and conservation of energy are issues of concern. As a distribution network that organizations rely on distributing their diverse products, the supply chain has a significant impact on the environment. In this view, the supply chain should be sustainable for it to serve varied organizations optimally and experience growth in the competitive markets. According to Chapman, Arnold, Gatewood, and Clive (2017), sustainability is beneficial to the supply chain because it reduces costs, decreases wastage, improves efficiency, saves energy, and enhances competitive advantage. Governments and customers also increase pressure on the supply chain to adopt strategies that are sustainable to protect not only the environment but also encourage prudent use of available resources. Ulas (2016) states that recycle, reuse, reduce, and recover are the four principles, which promote sustainability of operations in the chain supply. In essence, the sustainability of the supply chain is central to improving the performance and growth of logistics operations. Therefore, the research paper examines the application of the triple bottom line approach and green strategy in the supply chain. The Triple Bottom Line The triple bottom line (TBL) is a performance assessment framework, which offers a comprehensive assessment of the supply chain. Bals and Tate (2016) state economic, environmental, and social aspects are the three elements of the triple bottom line of the supply chain. These three elements have expanded sustainability and provided a holistic view of sustainability. Economic Element The economic element of the triple bottom line approach covers numerous aspects regarding the economic sustainability of the supply chain. In competitive markets, the supply chain should be economically sustainable for it to grow and remain competitive. Economic sustainability implies robust profitability ratios such as profit margin, return on equity, return on assets, and net profit margin. Profit margin is an integral profitability ratio, which shows the percentage of profit a company makes out of the total sales made. For the supply chain to be economically sustainable, the profit margin should be considerably high. As investors acquire shares of the supply, return on equity should be lucrative and favorable to not only retail investors but also attract other
Introduction The paper will argue that the film “Malcolm X” is a fight against the demonization of an African American icon. In light of critics’ remarks in the book “The mistakes of Malcolm X”, the director went beyond propaganda and told the story of a society changer. It will argue that the prison scene in the movie was designed to illustrate the story of a man who freed himself from a self created prison. Analysis In the prison, Malcolm Little and another black prisoner are reading a dictionary. Malcolm’s friend reads out the definition of black from the book; all definitions were synonymous to evil, dirt and wickedness. He also reads out the definition of white, which was synonymous to honesty, purity and fairness (Lee, 1992). In this instance, the signifier refers to the negative definitions of ‘black’ that are found in the white man’s dictionary. The signified in this case is the oppression and inequality that those words represent in the eyes of the protagonist as well as members of the black race. When Malcolm’s prison mate reads those definitions, the ideas shock Malcolm. He explains that the ideas come from a white man’s dictionary. It is at this point that Malcolm X realizes that knowledge was one of the greatest tools that white men used to control and dominate society. The dictionary definitions assisted Malcolm in his self consciousness because he now knew that not all written material was accurate. His colleague points out that society gives out propaganda, and it is one’s responsibility to look beyond that propaganda in order to get to the truth. Critics assert that Malcolm X read too much into the racial-domination ideology (Lavelle, 2011). They believe that he looked for trouble even where it did not exist. However, I disagree with this viewpoint because Malcolm’s analytical approach to literature reflected how social structures worked. It is necessary to look beyond certain objects and words in order to understand the intrinsic meaning behind those words. Malcolm was simply analyzing a society that treated black people as second class citizens. He was trying to get to the root of the problem through this analysis. Malcolm X spoke to white and black audiences alike; however, his message was designed for the poor black people. He was deeply suspicious of the white man even after taking a long trip to Mecca. Furthermore, he was a radical. He made demands concerning black people’s separation from the white population. He believed in a violent propaganda that demanded equality by any means necessary. Malcolm asserted that one should only be non violent to people that are non violent. Therefore, physical violence