ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary The manufacturing of milk tea may open up a new market for Kuwait Danish Dairy. Milk tea can serve as a new product for the company where the product line retains the dairy product consumers and captures the tea drinking market. The manufacturing process of the said product will be the topic of this paper. In phase 1, the decision in choosing the product to be manufactured by the company will be analyzed and discussed in according to the breakdown structure and component nomenclature of the product line. In the said phase the establishment of the production method will also be evaluated and discussed where the specific process flow of how milk teas are produced is carefully put into details. In phase 1 routine sheet of staff members who are part of the production team will be shown. Make or buy decisions in terms of raw materials and machines in making the product is tackled in the said phase. The processing of the product line is shown as it is specified and the different work stations are outlined in the said phase. Operation times of milk tea products are discussed as well as the number of stocks which serve as buffers is detailed. Also the assembly line balancing of the said set up is further detailed in phase 1. In phase 2, the design of the warehouse is discussed as well as the design of the material handling system. Specification of the warehouse is also indicated and discussed in phase 2 as well as the warehouse’s location. The outlook of the warehouse is detailed in the said phase and the safety system of the warehouse is also indicated in phase 2. On the last phase, the design of the personnel services is discussed. The area allocation and plant layout is analyzed in the said phase. An evaluation of the project is presented in phase 3 and the further considerations of producing milk tea are carefully detailed in the last phase. Phase 1 Product to be manufactured The team has chosen to produce ready to consume milk teas in cardboard containers. The decision to manufacture such product will put Kuwait Danish Dairy at an advantage in terms of its market positioning. Studies show that the number of patients suffering from cancer related diseases have risen in the past decades (World Health Organization, n.d.). People nowadays have become more and more health conscious thus consumers’ behaviors are geared towards products which have health benefits. Current trends in the food industry show that most products sold in the market and are in high demand have cancer preventing ingredients such as antioxidants (Winter, 2011). According to studies, tea drinks have h
Introduction This paper is based on the topic of globalization of logistics and supply chain management. It explores the topic using Wales as a case study. The paper is divided into two parts namely part one and part two. Part one is an overview of the current rail system in Wales. Part two is a comparison of the proposed high-speed rail and an integrated transport system. At the end is a conclusion which provides a definite solution to the client. The main issue in the paper is that the Welsh government wants to improve its transport infrastructure for transporting people and freight. It is, however, not decided on whether to build the proposed high-speed rail or set up an integrated transport infrastructure. On the one hand, the high-speed rail is expected to reduce the time used to transport people and freight between various cities in the United Kingdom, which would attract new investors. It is also expected to enhance efficiency of the supply chains. On the other hand, focusing on the high-speed rail at the expense of the other modes of transport would be counterproductive because trains are not the only means of transportation in Wales. As the consultant, I have addressed these issues in my analysis of the situation and the implications of the various options which are available to the client (the Welsh government). In the review, I have used different theoretical frameworks such as gap analysis and the theory of absolute advantage to illustrate the arguments. I have argued that the proposed high-speed rail is not adequate to deal with the challenge of poor transport infrastructure in Wales and as a result, there is need for an integrated transport system which would link the entire transport infrastructure in Wales. The reason is that an integrated transport system would have more benefits than the proposed high-speed rail. Discussion Part one Gap analysis is a situation in which organizations ask themselves the questions of ‘where are we’ and ‘where do we want to be.’ It is very useful for managers because it helps them to focus on the real issues which affect their organizations. It also enables the managers to come up with the proper means of realizing their desired outcomes (Franklin 2006). In an effort to fill the gaps in organizations, managers use differentiation and positioning (McLoughlin & Aaker 2010). According to Thompson and Martins, differentiation has to do with enhancing the popularity of products or services among the customers. For an organization to claim that it has differentiated its products and services, it has to ensure that it provides extensive details about the uniqueness of its products or services. Many organizations engage in differentiation of their products and services for various reasons. However, economic analysts have argued that the whole idea of differentiation is to
Abstract Written words and terms are of special importance in the law of contracts. This essay will review two articles dealing with why it is safer for contract parties to put it in writing. In addition how written contracts prevent the false consensus bias in contract understanding and interpretation. Why written contracts are advantageous Written words and terms are of special importance in the law of contracts. The acts and laws of fraud and deception need some contracts put in writing. Oral contract (parol) evidence omits prior or simultaneous understanding of an agreement if there is a document that includes the claims and purposes of the agreement (Solan, 2001). Salon (2001) thinks this is intended to introduce confidence and conviction to business deals and contracts and to restrict bringing unreliable evidence. This essay aims to summarize the article of Solan (2001) where the author discussed whether parol evidence should be kept and how it should be applied in different circumstances. Further, the author discussed the results of dependence on written contracts. The second article to summarize is the essay discussion by Solan and others (2008) on the unreal or fictitious agreement bias in contract understanding and interpretation. The written contract: How it provides safety and certainty Solan (2001), argues that dependence on written contracts serves to decrease dishonesty, in theory, by limiting the chances of false statements under oath about one’s considerations of events that occurred before and concurrent to contracting. In practice, however, written contracts produce what Solan (2001) called a safe hold (harbor) against problematic business practices. Based on linguistic and psychological approaches, Solan (2001) argued that many perceptions of standard contracts are well established. Further, people usually forget what they said; therefore, written contracts provide advantageous purposes (Solan, 2001). About parol (oral contract) evidence rule and its drives, Solan’s article (2001) can be divided into four parts. First, a brief discussion on parol evidence and its incentives, the author then (in part 2), lo
Today there are a lot of people who can be considered in society as having multiple careers or various career experiences. Thus, it is possible to speak about the tendency to switch careers under the influence of a number of factors. These significant factors are actively discussed by the psychologists and sociologists. It is typical to state that the fact of changing the person’s career is often a result of the individual’s intention to reach definite goals and realize the opportunity for the personal growth. Thus, this decision is affected by the personal factors. However, in her article “Changing Careers: The Effect of Social Context”, Monica Higgins provides the idea that the individual’s decision to switch careers is in many cases influenced by certain interpersonal relations which form the social context for the individual. Although people usually decide to switch their career because of a range of subjective and personal factors, the social context and the role of advisors can be considered as influential aspects of the person’s final decision to change the career because they acquire the necessary informational and emotional support for realizing the idea of changing the job. The dissatisfactory situation at the workplace and such factors as the conflicts with coworkers, the lack of interest in work, and the lack of the work success or recognition provoke the development of the idea about possible changing the career as a way to solve the definite difficulties, and this idea becomes the personal intention when the individual receives the emotional support and begins to see the perspectives and the opportunities for his or her further career progress at the other place. Thus, “current dissatisfaction, attractive alternatives, obstacles, confidence to overcome obstacles” can stimulate the development of the idea that it is necessary to change the career in order to use the opportunities for the development and not to follow the stream (Higgins, 2001, p. 597). However, the person can only think over the idea without realizing it till those people close to this person provide the emotional or psychological support and encourage the individual to make a decision. According to Higgins, these people are discussed as “advice networks” and form the social context (Higgins, 2001). The decision to change the career is usually affected by a combination of subjective and objective factors. As it was stated, in many cases people decide to switch their careers in order to complete their professional goals. That is why “a career change
Introduction Organizational behavior encompasses understanding of human conduct with respect to the setting of a given organization. It involves examination, analysis, and presentation of the interrelationships between human behavior and organizations in which they exist. Excelling managers possess sufficient knowledge about the criteria of applying organizational behavior. This knowledge equips them with suitable tools and concepts that make them understand, analyze, and describe activities that take place in their companies. This research paper provides a critical analysis of the organizational behavior of an insurance agency that is well known for its sale of indemnity services to companies and individuals worldwide. To achieve the objective of determining effective usage of human skills in management, the top manager, Miss Kally, was interviewed about of the company. The responses were used to elaborate on the various elements that are incorporated to apply organizational behavior successfully.   * Name – Miss Kally   * Title – Insurance Agency   * Level – Top manager   * Organization – Insurance Company Personality An Individual’s personality is responsible for various behaviors towards other people. Managers should practice good personal attitudes towards their colleagues and junior staff. The personalities of managers have significant influences on their leadership characteristics and motivation of staff. Miss Kally, the manager of an insurance company, possessed empathetic and understanding personalities. These traits were realized through her willingness to train and nurture talents of the junior staff. The manager also focused on strengths of workers to ensure realization of success. In addition, she possessed an extrovert disposition since she was fond of interacting with her employees and customers. From the interview, it is clear that she tried her best to persuade the customers to buy insurance covers. She also possessed greater skills of convincing other companies to purchase the indemnification products that the agency offered. Majority of the company’s employees had both introvert and extrovert traits. They always presented meaningful ideas to the manager who liked sharing information with them. Motivation Motivation is an inner force that initiates, guides, and maintains behaviors that are geared towards a specific goal. Individuals are motivated in different ways. Therefore, managers should consider various needs of staff to realize effective performance. The manager, Miss Kally, applied the McClelland’s acquired theory that recognizes priorities and needs in different ways. From the interview, it is clear that she focused on a need for achievement, power, and affiliation. Besides, she associated the needs with distinct work preferences of the employees. The manager also stated that they provide goo
Introduction “The monster” is one of the controversial stories contained in the anthology, “The Norton Introduction to Literature,” especially in its character development and analysis of roles assigned to each of the characters. One of the motifs that have been emphasized in the text is identical. The paper attempts to analyze the theme of identity in Toby’s work, ‘The Monster.’ Toby has tried to engage the reader into imagining the features of the characters in the story by omitting some significant explanations. One of the issues omitted is the gender of the character featured in the text. Secondly, the writer makes it ambiguous on the true nature of the monster, leaving the reader with options on whether the character featured is a human being or an animal. The writer leaves the reader with expectations and suspense on the identity of the featured character. It seems like the writer makes the omissions to emphasize the uniqueness of the monster and the exaggerated features in the monsters. “The monster” story The identity of the character is not clear, and although the writer tries to engage the reader into understanding the uniqueness of the featured characters, there is still some aspect of ambiguity, which makes the story intriguing and full of suspense. Since the story focuses on character development, the writer leaves the reader to make different assumptions on the character in order to understand and engage with the plot. The motif of identity is also evident as the character tries to engag
Introduction The end of the Cold War and the fall of the Communist Block have led to a complete change in the balance of power in the international arena. The change was from a bi-polar world (or as some might argue from a multi-polar power exercised by the United States, Europe, Japan and USSR) to a single power with the dominance of the United States becoming the sole political and economic hegemonic power. However, the United States was provided the required balance on hegemony by the European Community, China and Japan. This change in power, in turn, has resulted in a change in the nature of international relations throughout the world. Although some might argue that uni-polar power distribution would lead to a more balanced world, it had a significant impact on the inter-relationship of countries. This study seeks to provide the theoretical basis for the analysis of the characteristics and application of a bipolar system and the balance of power theory through the Cold War period from a political perspective. Historical Background During the period between the end of the Second World War (1945) and the acquisition of nuclear capabilities by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1948, there existed a continuous conflict in the international arena. These conflicts were the repercussions of the competition for power, influence and dominance by two sets of countries opposing each other. On one side were the Soviet Union and its satellite states including North Korea, Vietnam, and the German Democratic Republic and for some time China among other countries. On the other side, there was the greater powers of the West with the United States and its allies and client states, which included Great Britain, Western Germany, South Korea, Israel and others. The competition for power and supremacy was politically termed as the “Cold War”. This name was derived because of the relative ambiguity in the conflict as against any direct military conflict between the superpowers involved. There were no official clashes between the military powers of the primary participants – the United States and the USSR. Nevertheless, they displayed the conflict by undertaking several actions such as “military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, extensive foreign aid to allies, proxy wars (as in the case of Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan), espionage, propaganda, a nuclear arms race, and economic and technological competitions, such as the Space Race and the economic development of their allies,” (Scribd.com). The Soviet Union worked towards creating an Eastern Block with Eastern European countries, which were in its occupation. In this process, USSR annexed some of the countries and continued to maintain other countries as its satellite states. The United States and some other Western states adopted defensive policies in the form o
Abstract The aim of this research was to review four studies on nursing practice concerning patients with cardiovascular problems. The paper portrays the behavior of patients comprehensively by identifying, synthesizing, and decisively analyzing the research articles. An integrative review method is used for each article. The articles included four qualitative studies. The behavior patterns of patients with heart problems guided the development of points that included study methods, findings, discussions, and recommendations. Regardless of the method used, the studies illustrated the importance of physical, emotional, religious, and moral fitness in reducing heart problems. The improvement of patients’ health is determined mostly by individual behavior. With increased knowledge of the factors that leverage lifestyle, nursing practitioners can be able to help patients with heart problems better and more effectively. Physical activity among south Asian Indian immigrants Unlike many killer diseases such as arthritis, diabetes, and obesity, the risk of getting cardiovascular disease can be reduced through physical exercise. The observation is general to people from different races. However, the severity of the disease is varied among the races. Daniel and Wilbur embarked on a mission to investigate the variation with the aim of portraying correlates of lifestyle among the South Asian Indians (Daniel & Wilbur, 2011). The lifestyles emphasized included leisure-time, household, and occupation. The methodology employed by these researchers involved three major development activities. First, they designed and sampled the review data while employing Ganong’s stages as well as Whittemore and Knafls updated guidelines established in 1987 and 2005 respectively. The strength of this activity revolves around the extensive collection, analysis, and synthesis of data. Next, the researchers measured the collected information with the help of tools such as tables, recruitment, demographic characteristics, and dynamic characteristics. The analytic strategy was the final activity that included the checking of inconsistencies in the reviewed studies. Results from Daniel and Wilbur’s review revealed that the studies on South Asian Indians were extensive, but vague. Most of them were characterized by weaknesses such as biasness, poor research methodologies, insufficient data, and dilute samples. Despite the associated weaknesses, the general finding was that South Asian Indians lacked adequate physical activities. Indeed, many did not consider the exercise as a method of reducing cardiovascular disease. Hence, the disease predominated more in the group as compared to other ethnic groups. There were variations in gender and men were found to be more active than women. The motivation to physical exercise was to improve on health and social status. Hence, the researchers were able to conclu
Introduction English has become the primary language of communication in the world, promoting the demand for language teachers, specifically in developing countries. Currently, English is widely used in media, scientific researches, and scholarly publications; its universal utilization offers access to a vast variety of data and knowledge (Flowerdew & Peacock, 2001). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one of the countries that show high interest in the language; in its schools, English had officially developed into a separate school subject by 1958 (Al-Subahi, 2001). It proves that the demand for teachers and innovative approaches to education are very high. Mainbody It is necessary to point out that learning outcomes in students of Saudi Arabia are at a low level despite the current demand for English. The challenging aspects of learning include the lack of students’ motivation to study, poor educators’ performance, an ill-conceived learning environment, and deficiency of training programs for teachers (Al-Subahi, 2001). Indeed, individuals’ learning outcomes do not show promising results. According to the research by Alabdualkarem (2007) that involved visits to Saudi public schools, children experience difficulties with listening tests and understanding simple sentences. Moreover, their scores in final examinations in English are lower than in other subjects. The Saudi Ministry of Education has developed a teaching reform to improve the learning outcomes of students. For example, the textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language in KSA are adjusted according to the TEFL curriculum document to meet children’s needs for acquiring basic skills, including speaking, listening, writing, and reading, and improve their communicative competencies (Al-Hajailan, 2006). The new learning materials are based on the communicative language teaching method. However, educators primarily rely on obsolete teaching systems that concentrate on memorialization, teaching grammar, and examination preparation (Al-Hajailan, 2006). Students’ results prove that such an approach to teaching does not improve their language skills. Liton and Ali (2011) also consider such practices as ineffective and insist that it is necessary to improve students’ communicative competencies. Saudi teachers’ perspectives on English lessons do not correspond with the efforts of the Ministry of Education, which aims to develop effective methods of teaching English as a foreign language. This incompatibility suggests that educators may have personal reasons for eliminating the communicative approach and are resistant to implement more effective methods. It is crucial to study the aspects that prevent them from using the communicative language teaching method to improve education in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion