ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Peter Singer Post In the given post, Singer addresses the objections to his view quite successfully. From his argument, it is evident that people have a moral responsibility to help not just a responsibility not to harm. The illustrations he utilizes are powerful enough to identify the importance of helping those in need in the economically disadvantaged areas. For instance, the example of a drowning boy whose life is undeniably more valuable than the expensive shoes that a man is about to spoil as he is going to help the boy leaves the audience no choice but to agree with Singer’s simple logic – humans do have a moral responsibility to help and not just to cause no harm. Of course, when Singer shifts from this illustration to his following idea that charity has similar implications as helping those in need at the cost of considerable material losses, the number of those who agree with the ethicist reduces to a considerable degree. At that, each person will have one’s own arguments to object Singer’s logic. For instance, one may state that contrary to the situation of the boy who is about to drown, those children in need, affected by the problems of malnutrition or preventable diseases, will not die immediately if help does not come. Others may state that it is the world of competition and people in disadvantaged countries are guilty in their economic hardships and thus, they do not deserve help at the cost of someone else’s financial constraints. Briefly speaking, there will be numerous opponents of Singer’s position with their own reasoning since it is unacceptable for them to agree on the thought that they should have financial sacrifices in order to save unspecified people aggrieved in distant countries. However, the existence of opponents’ position in itself does not prove inconsistency of Singer’s argument. Differentiating To engage a student with intellectual disability in content, I would introduce such changes into my classroom strategy as using “think aloud” model and guided practice sessions where I will be able to pay enough attention to the person. With regards to the instructional dimension, I would utilize direct instruction with clearly identified objectives and advance organizers. The focus of my attention would be the task analysis, task sequencing, and task presentation with effective prompts. As for the behavioural dimension, I would utilize proximity control strategy for the student to have an awareness that I am always around to offer help and provide more information regarding any matter. In addition, I would use antiseptic bounding with an objective to guide the student’s attention in case one has a problem to be concentrated for a prolonged period. Speaking about the settings of the classroom, I consider creation a flexible classroom arrangement an effective solution to help a student with intellectual disability have better academic performance. In particular, I believe it is important to use natural environments, provide quiet areas, and organize zones for playing and communication. Finally, as to affect, I consider grouping a helpful practice to provide the necessary support to the student with intellectual pro
Abstract Among thirteen fields of psychology described by Kuther, there were chosen such branches as clinical psychology and counseling psychology. There was given a short definition and a description of the chosen fields. There was made an attempt to emphasize the importance of these fields of psychology and to underline their applied significance. Taking into consideration a certain similarity of these two branches of psychology, we also tried to lay special emphasis on the differences between them, by pointing out their specific peculiarities. Introduction Among the variety of the officially recognized branches of psychology, there are two that lie in the sphere of my interests, and which I consider to be of great importance. They are clinical psychology and counseling psychology. I found these two branches important because their data are significant not only for psychology as a science but also for medicine. These two spheres have something in common, but there is a distinct difference between them. Main Body Clinical psychology deals with treating people who have some psychological problems. The clinical psychological researches may be divided into those focusing on the common patterns, and those dealing with the research of the peculiarities of the concrete patient. In accordance with this statement, it is possible to distinguish common clinical psychology and a specific one. The subject matters of the common clinical psychology are the common factors of the psychology of the patient and of the health care professional; the psychological peculiarities of the patient and the doctor; the influence of the psychological atmosphere in the health care center on the person’s state. This sphere deals with such problems as the questions of the duty of care, the aspects of professional ethics, and medical confidentiality. The specific clinical psychology studies the concrete patient, the peculiarities of his mental processes. It deals with the psychology of the patients during the preparatory period to the operation and during the postoperative period. It takes up the problem of the psychology of the patients with the defects of the hearing and sight organs. I think that the clinical psychologist may perform two roles simultaneously. He may act like a scientist, researching that or this psychological disease, and as a therapist, treating the persons who suffer from psychological disorders. It is important for me that the clinical psychologist is the specialist, which can work not only in the specialized medical centers but also in the services of another sphere. This specialist may work in the sphere of education or social security. In other words in the spheres, where the advanced study of the human personality is necessary. Counseling psychology deals practically with the same activities as the clinical one, but there is a difference between them. While the clinical psychologists focus their attention on the different sorts of psychological disorders, the counseling psychologists draw specia
Introduction In an article (Aston Martin $50, 000 Compact for the masses), Aston Martin joined hands with Toyota, to make a new car model, the Aston iQ with a mutual agreement that Toyota Company will supply the components. This document, therefore, reflects my opinion on the article, in a management capacity. Body In my view, even though the cost of manufacturing Aston iQ is high, the company sales will significantly soar. The interior design and the compactness of the automobile will attract buyers to purchase this ultra-luxury product. Consequently, annual sales will soar, since they plan to sell 1500 cars yearly. The Cygnet is eco-friendly; it since consumes less fuel. The automobile will also require little parking space due to its compactness. With the ongoing ‘save our environment’, people will tend to ‘go green’ and opt for this modern vehicle thus an increase in sales. Moreover, the Aston iQ will provide Aston Martin and Toyota companies with a better platform for competition. Other companies are on the verge of unveiling new models that will try to outdo Cygnet. Among the competitors are, the Volkswagen’s Audi, BMW’s A1 super-compact and Daimler’s electric Mercedes car. Aston iQ will have an upper hand, since it will have set roots in the global market. With the Toyota Company providing the spare parts, the cost of manufacturing the Aston iQ will dramatically reduce. However, since the selling cost is high, the gain will be high consequently increasing the earnings of both companies. Conversely, many challenges lie ahead. With the looming recession times, many people lack the purchasing power. Therefore, a number of people will opt for other similar but cheaper models such as the Volkswagen’s Audi, instead of the Aston iQ. As a result, the two companies may record decreased profits. Conclusion The production Aston iQ will increase the annual sales of both Toyota and Aston Martin companies. The car is also eco-friendly and small hence many people will opt for this model. Although, the car is comparatively costly, people will still purchase it due to its new and attractive features.
The internet has changed the way people conduct businesses in the world. According to Jandt (1), the internet has enabled people to pass information freely from one point to another. This means that people can easily access information that was previously restricted to a small group of people. Indeed, the information age has brought about some advantages as well as disadvantages. Many businesses are able to conduct business online meaning that the society has been transformed from an industrial society to an information society. Industrial revolution was achieved through the process of industrialization where companies concentrated on producing goods and services for the market. In the current society, the economy is base on manipulation of important information. Therefore, it can be observed that the internet has shaped modern society by enhancing swift large-scale communications and networking. In fact, the world today is a global village implying that goods and services are to be produced and consumed almost at the same time, irrespective of geographical distances. Introduction of World Wide Web in 1989 changed the way people conduct businesses. The internet has taken over other mediums of conducting businesses mainly because of its effectiveness and efficiency. This paper will therefore analyze the strengths of the internet in conducting business in society. The paper underscores the fact that new technology is not accurate. For that reason, it has some weaknesses that will also be addressed. However, the paper concludes by asserting that ecommerce is advantageous. The internet has offered many things to people in society. For instance, it allows small businesses to advertise their products, which would otherwise be faced out due to competition. The mass media has become expensive meaning that small firms cannot afford to compete with conglomerates in promoting goods and services through it. It is true that many people have acquired goods through the internet, especially in the third world. Small businesses use the internet as virtual market (imaginary market). Customers can view the details of goods and services before making orders or inquiries. This has improved small businesses since customers can easily use their computers to link up with sellers in the market. The internet gives small businesses a chance to compete effectively in the market. Small businesses may actually utilize internet services to grow financially. Furthermore, a business may perhaps cut the costs of advertising and marketing by creating a website. The firm saves resources that could be wasted on fliers and newspaper advertising. Another advantage of the internet is that a firm has access to large customer base. A firm may access customers all over the world. The internet allows small firms to exchange ideas and share opinions as regards to market demands. As Jones, Borgman, and Ulusoy (2) remark, small firms can actually open emails and paperless fax accounts It should be noted that while the internet improves the way people conduct business, it has some shortcomings. Customers are the most affected because fraudsters may exploit the clients using dubious online
Introduction There are various economic activities carried out in different countries. Mining is one of them. It could be done on land as well as in the sea. The sea is one of the most precious natural resources from which various items and services could be got from. Various minerals are mined from the sea for instance salt, gravel, sand, copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, and manganese. Crude oil is also drilled from the deep sea (Richards, 2010). This piece of paper looks at salt as one of the substances found in the sea. It will include the process required to extract it. Discussion Thomas (1999) asserts that salt is an essential resource got from the sea. It is a compound that contains chlorine and sodium. It is used in many ways for instance cooking, being put on the roads during winter to avoid freezing as well as making other essential chemicals such as chlorine, hydrogen, and sodium hydroxide. Sea water contains a relatively high percentage of salt. It requires some processes in order to extract it from the sea. Evaporation is essential in extracting salt. In extracting salt from the sea, an ancient technology is applied. It involves evaporation ponds. The technology entails digging out shallow ponds, which are water proof, and connecting them to the sea using a short canal. It is necessary that a broad area which is relatively shallow is maintained in an effort to allow optimal absorption of sunlight by the water. The pond is usually flooded with water and the canal closed. The water is left to evaporate under the sun. Water vaporizes leaving behind salt which in turn increases the level of salinity of the water. It is through continuous evaporation that a great percentage of the water evaporates leaving behind a layer of sea salt crystals which are easily collected. This therefore shows how important the process of evaporation is in regard to extract
Abstract The research paper explored how a mechanical pencil, which is a writing or drawing tool equipped with an eraser, is made. Although it serves the general purpose of writing or drawing, the mechanical pencil is considered superior because of its replaceable lead and erasable attribute. It is made up of several components consisting of a plastic body, plastic tube, eraser, and metal. All these materials used in making a mechanical pencil are sourced and processed separately and then transported to the mechanical pencil manufacturers. Manufacturers have developed automated processes for the manufacturing of mechanical pencils. These processes involve the making of the plastic body, metal parts, the eraser, and the graphite. Shapes and varieties of mechanical pencils have become sophisticated as manufacturers strive for improved better designs. All these components must be assembled to produce a mechanical pencil. The final product is then packed and shipped for distribution to end-users. Introduction This research paper covers how a mechanical pencil is made. A mechanical is a writing tool fitted with an erasable lead part for drawing, writing and sketching on papers or woods. The general purpose of a mechanical pencil is to write and draw. It is considered superior to other types of pencils because of replaceable lead and erasable attributes. Mechanical pencils have special features that have made them popular among writers, artists, and pencil users in general. Unlike the wooden pencil, mechanical pencils are a little bit more sophisticated. In making a mechanical pencil, therefore, a relatively comprehensive procedure must be followed. Globally, there are a considerable huge number of mechanical pencils manufacturers. As such, varieties of designs are engineered by different brands according to user preferences and pricing strategies. The most prominent brands include BIC, Sharpie, and Office Depot among others. Mechanical pencils have leveraging aspects relative to wooden pencils. Some of the outstanding advantages include writing precisions (clear and consistent lines), do not need sharpening, last longer, comfortable writing, are environmentally friendly due to their synthetic nature, the synthetic rubber is more effective, and are stylish and moderns. Additionally, mechanical pencils can be reused and recycled. Over pens, the advantageous aspect is that they leave erasable marks. However, mechanical pencils are relatively more expensive and need a constant supply of lead for the refill. It is imperative to note that the material used and the procedure followed in the manufacturing process will determine the quality of a mechanical pencil. This research paper comprehensively demonstrates the technical procedu
Research Question Research Question Regarding the research question, various questions can form the basis of this research. In this light, the research might seek to determine the prevalence of smoking among employees and employers. Secondly, it might seek to determine the influx of customers before and after the legislation. Therefore, two questions revolve around it. The fir question seeks to know whether there is a change in the prevalence of smoking among employers and employees. Secondly, another question could seek to determine whether there are any changes in the number of customers visiting the business after the legislation. Prior Research Unlike New South Wales, Kenya carried out research determining the effect of similar legislation on employees and employers. The researchers discovered that the legislation reduced the prevalence of smoking among employees and employers. In this case, the employers argued that they considered quitting as a way of setting a good example. On the other hand, employees suggested that they had difficult moments when balancing the program with the sudden urge to smoking. In this case, they argued that they could not compromise their jobs for smoking. Consequently, many employees chose to quit the behavior. Ninety percent of the employees depicted a change in the number of customers visiting their business after legislation. They argued that the smoking culture among the employees destabilized customers and lowered the customers’ preference for their business (Peter 456). Problem The legislation focuses on the whole population in New South Wales. In the population, we have employees and employers. They are entitled to professional and business ethics. However, researchers have focused on the effect of this legislation on the general public only. Regrettably, they have neglected research on the effect of the legislation on the employees and employers. Establishments and Unresolved Issues The purpose of this paper is to establish research that will settle the unresolved issues. In this light, failure to conduct research focusing on the employees and employers has created an unresolved research gap. Consequently, this research seeks to understand the effects of legislation on this unique segment of the population. Sampling Frame, Size, and Problems Sampling Frame Before sampling, the researcher must identify the target population. The target population is the number of people relevant to research (Cochran 218). In this research, the target population will be the employees and employers of various companies. The research will have four data sets. These data sets will include professional employers, casual employers, professional employees, and casual employees. Sampling Method and Size In this light, it will be done using the method of random purpo
Introduction Market differentiation remains as one of the most reliable ways through which businesses gain market share leadership and outwit their competitors. Sustainability programmes and plans play a critical role in ensuring that brands regain and maintain their market positions against competition onslaught. One company that has applied sustainability programme in its efforts to maintain its market leadership position is Unilever Plc. A world’s top consumer goods manufacturer, ranging from home care merchandise, food products, to personal care goods, Unilever introduced a ‘Sustainable Living Plan’ that intended to achieve a number of strategic goals. Firstly, it targeted improving consumers’ well-being and health, limiting the environmental impacts of its activities, as well as sustainably sourcing its entire agricultural raw materials by the year 2020. One area of focus that was of particular interest to the company was its tea product line. Although it registered positive results in some international markets, the sustainable tea program encountered challenges in other markets. This paper seeks to discuss in detail Unilever’s ‘Sustainable Living Plan’, putting more emphasis on its sustainable tea program. Unilever global tea market Unilever sells its processed tea in more than 180 countries worldwide. The tea is sold under different brand names, with Lipton Tea being the company’s largest brand. The brand records an annual sales figure of about €3.5 billion, making it the world’s leading tea brand in terms of sales. Other additional brand names through which the company markets its tea include Lyons in Ireland and PG tips, mainly for the United Kingdom market. India, Pakistan, Poland, and Russia also form part of Unilever’s extended international tea market. Lipton’s closest competitor i
There is hardly a single person who has never felt hungry while being away from home, which is why the Home from Home Cooking takeaway is a successful idea worth trying. Placing the services in the Brentford area, however, one must take certain specifics of the place into account. First of all, the season matters much. It is quite obvious that in summer, the spate of orders is expected, while in winter, most people prefer to enjoy their meals at home – with the exception for the winter holidays, perhaps. Thus, May or June is the best time to start trading. The services are going to be launched with the help of TV and online commercials together with newspaper advertisements. It must be taken into account, though, that people are used to take the idea of “home cooked meals” with a grain of salt. Therefore, the means to convince them will be to offer the customers a bite of the meals from Home from Home Cooking for free. It goes without saying that, before starting to produce the goods, one must locate the sources of the products. It is important to keep in mind that the key stake of the takeaway services in question is the fact that all the ingredients are natural; moreover, the meals are produced as close to the home-cooked meals recipes as possible. Therefore, it is reasonable enough to suggest that not only the local chicken factory farms are going to be used as the source for the products, but also the local farms which offer GMO-free fruits and vegetables. According to the statistics on Brentford area, such companies as Herbal Life or Stockwell Healthy Living ( Organic meat for a greener diet Brentford , n. d.) will deliver the required goods in the Brentford Area for a reasonable price. Speaking of the means of production, the meals are going to be cooked in the takeaway, or, to be more precise, in one of the rooms of the premises in which the takeaway is going to be located. Therefore, the costs for the food delivery are going to be cut, which is obviously an advantage. Using the right package for the product sometimes has a tremendous effect on its popularity. Moreover, a good package sometimes serves as the pivoting point at which the customer decides whether (s)he likes the given service or not. As for the takeaway meals, it seems reasonable to create a package that of a bright yet not acid color(s) and that is easy to open and close. As for the transportation issues, it is necessary to remind that the offered services are the takeaway home-cooked meals, which means that there is no need in delivering the goods to the clients; the latter will have to come and take the products on their own, which is the very idea of a takeaway. Speaking of the transportation of the supplies, it can be suggested that the products are going to be delivered by the suppliers, which will demand additional costs for the delivery service. Finally, addressing the issue of competitiveness, one must admit that in