ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the integration of critical business operations in order to efficiently provide products and services to customers (Tariq & Rehman, 2012). Relationships along the supply chain generally tend to show how collaborating companies come together to offer reliable services that enable them retain their customers. Zaraté, Belaud and Camilleri (2008), defined a supply chain as a set of three or more companies linked together by the flow of products, finance, services, and information in an ideally seamless web. In the supply chain, companies move things, make things, store things, and throw things away. It is a part of an organization’s strategy to stay ahead of its competitors. Supply chain management thus has to do with the integration of both ethical and operational practices of a company and is a proven way to reduce the chances of a company being seen to be irresponsible. This paper addresses the general nature of a supply chain as a human artifact with the potential for greatness and for failure like any other. The exact nature of the possible failures and successes are discussed, and the ethical issues are highlighted with regard to finance, research and development, and supplier/vendor management. E-commerce and Supply Chain Today, supply chain is widely recognized as a means of shortening cycle time, reducing inventories, decreasing logistic costs, and streamlining communication processes across a network. It is a mechanism through which diverse organizations are able to form alliances to meet a new form of Internet oriented consumer demand. For companies intending to take their supply chain to positions of market leadership, the addition of e-commerce services is a distinct advantage (Poirier & Bauer, 2001). For many firms, e-commerce provides a strong foundation on which the supply chain can be built and strengthened. The availability of the Internet infrastructure and accompanying services present an incredible opportunity for companies to form supply chain networks that are smooth and effective. According to Ferrell and Hartline (2010), the goal of a supply chain is to facilitate the flow of goods or services across a network. This is, however, best achieved by ensuring that there is a smooth flow of information. Without an effective way of exchanging information, supply chain performance will be affected. E-commerce is thus an effective means of integrating customers and suppliers via the Web. Ethical Issues in Supply Chain According to Ferrell and Hartline (2010), true supply chain integration requires a fundamental change in how channel members work together. Among these changes is a move from a win-lose competitive attitude to a win-win collaborative approach in which there is a common realization that all firms in the supply chain must prosper. Rather than selling to the next level in the chain, channel
Summary of the article The article, “First step of company culture shift: staff buy-in,” by Nora Underwood published on Tuesday, Aug. 31, 2010, in the “Globe and Mail Magazine,” emphasizes the need for companies to develop risk-free working environments. According to the article human resources require to work in a risk free environment to enhance creativity, innovation and invention (Nora, 2010). According to the article, build, strengthen, and maintain job satisfaction among employees, human resources management need to understand the causes of employees attitudes, the results of negative or positive job satisfaction and devise mechanisms through which they can measure and influence employees attitude (SaarI & Judge, 2004, pp. 395-407). Explain how you think the article illustrates a concept that the week covers The week’s concept was concentrated on how employees’ job satisfaction affects the production of an organization. The main areas that the week was addressing are the need to understand the right approaches that management can implement to enhance growth of employees job satisfaction. The agenda, objective, and goals of the week align with the article; according to the article, corporate in smalls, medium and large enterprises need human and physical resources, this was the same dimension that the week’s readings had taken. Management gurus are in agreement that human resources play the most crucial role in the success of an organization. Strategically managed organizations have an appropriate number of personnel with experience and expertise. With effective human resources management, job satisfaction is attained within an organization; Job satisfaction characterized a person’s contentment with his/her job; job satisfaction is a global theory determined by many different factors. Those elements are including motivations such as pay or promotions, the work itself, the working conditions and the management of the company. In general, the job satisfaction may result from relationship of personal attitudes in relation to the job and the nature of the job or the work environment (Swamson, 2009, p. 89). Present your personal opinion about what this article means in relation to job satisfaction, employee retention and labor mobility In my opinion, the article was addressing real issues facing corporate whether in small, medium or large scale enterprises. The article is keen on the role that human capital attitude and feelings have on the overall outcome of business. The article opens room for management to consider the policies they have in place to ensure their human capital are satisfied with the prevailing conditions. The article puts much emphasis on the relationship that employees retention has with job satisfaction. According to the article, when employees are satisfied, then they are more likely to stay longer in an organization, thus org
Recently, the ABC Manufacturing Company hired me as the Logistics VP. This position had just been introduced by this company. The interview process was lengthy and during the process, the CEO, who was interviewing me shared the company’s strategic plans that will enable it expand its market. This company had only been selling its products domestically. This is due to the fact that its staff did not have enough logistics experience and thus, they made use of the traditional models of logistics, in which they had to transport the finished commodities from their East Coast warehouse. However, it received competition from the West-Coast warehouse as the market there was expanding. The company was well recognized nationally from a quality perception but its penetration in the West Coast was very poor. This was due to the fact that the shipping costs were expensive and this made the company to charge higher costs. The CEO was concerned about this issue. The marketing executive had initially tried to alleviate these challenges by employing freight equalization that could have lessened the costs to their clients, particularly from the West Coast. Unfortunately, this was not successful because the delivery time became a concern. To that effect, I was given a first assignment by the CEO. This paper aims at elucidating my first assignment. In so doing, it will elucidate a number of points as per the headings below. Introduction Generally, in the U.S., having a number of shipping locations as well as numerous distribution centers can be advantageous. Similarly, it can also be of disadvantage. To begin with, these centers and locations are capable redefining the ways of how they correlate with the integrators of material handling. Numerous shipping locations and centers of distribution will assist an organization in gaining more purchasers and escalating the company’s revenue. Also, numerous shipping locations are disadvantageous in essence that the organization ought to as well have numerous inventories. It is vital for any kind of organization to have an inventory control. The company will save a lot of money, especially if their inventory control is kept simple. Actually, a company may decide to have a number of multinational centers for distribution to cater for its multinational sales, other than directly shipping from a manufacturing warehouse that is located in America. This can be advantageous as it will escalate the organization profits, make use of multinational trade and techniques, and enhance the probable expansion of the company. Similarly, it also has disadvantages as the organization will have to increase its staff with the aim of launching a multinational trading. Also, the organization has to modify the packaging of its prod
It could be interesting how a single film can handle two major problems that are not intersected with each other in any logical way. The problem of racial segregation as phenomena in the middle of the past century was a sensitive subject that shows how the public opinion despite living in a country that defends human rights can put limits on a person. On the other hand a problem of Blue Baby Syndrome and how the field of heart surgery can be opened to new horizons and abilities. These two problems were delicately joined in the main plot of the film “Something the Lord Made” that shows that ambitions, hard work and talent can overcome all the obstacles to deliver one of the most important biomedical discoveries of the past century. In the forties of 20th century Alfred Blalock, a surgeon from God, has made a revolution in medicine. Working in one of the hospitals of Baltimore, he has developed a technique of operations to rescue the children with a congenital heart disease, with the constant mutual guidance and help of a black technician Vivien Thomas who became his colleague, his irreplaceable assistant and best friend. The public opinion could not reconcile to this scandalous fact in any way, and as a result under the threat has become not only their friendship, but also the continuation of their joint researches. The approach taken by this film that distinguishes him from other films with similar directions is its delicacy in presenting the background for the medical accomplishments made. The film does not pose itself as an out loud experience of the blacks, nor does it present a protagonist and antagonist image in the plot. The film mainly makes a duo in which a collaboration of bright mind, skills and talent that set aside all the realties of the outside when it comes to finding new ways to save people’s life. The film makes it clear that even the conflicts and the arguments that arise between Blalock and Thomas are merely based on their characters’ personalities rather than on any racial or social prejudices. Although at first the credit is not given to Vivien at the wave of the success of their operation, Blalock later in his life acknowledges his regrets about this, which can be explained in different manners such as ignorance, the social rules at that time that might have never appreciated Vivien despite being credited, or Blalock’s personality. However, it is the love of Vivien to the work of his life that made him forget his umbrage and return to work despite being ignored when the success reached his discoveries. The film in general points out that, major discoveries come through joint circumstances, some of which can be painful and others can be unbelievable. It is the documentary background of this film that shows serendipity in the situation on how a carpenter can become a Director of Laboratories at Johns Hopkins, be awarded an honorary doctorate and have his portrait hung in the rotunda of the hospital without having a degree, especially considering that his live for his work prevented him from goi
Introduction Health promotion has gained increased application in the management of health problems at individual and community levels. Health promotion is the process that enables individuals and communities to have greater control over their overall health wellbeing with the sole aim of improving it. In recent times, health promotion has enabled populations to realize their aspirations and satisfy their health needs (World Health Organisation, 1986). The environment plays a major role in determining the physical and mental well-being of individuals. To bridge the knowledge gap in the understanding of health, health promotion is applied to enable individuals to identify and cope with the health problem. Therefore, this essay will explore a health promotion priority with regard to its significance, population at risk, and the determinants of physical activity and active communities. The Department of Health Services in Victoria, Australia has set health promotion priorities aimed at improving health and reducing the level of inequalities in health matters. To enhance the understanding of the process and theoretical frameworks, the promotion of physical activity and active communities in Victoria will be discussed. The promotion of physical activity and active community is one of the seven priorities in health promotion (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2002). The underpinning principles of the framework are imperative in tackling health problems in society. This involves a better understanding of all the health determinants based on evidence in order to chart a better and informed course of action (Department of Human Services, 2006, p.4). The social determinants of health vary depending on the geographical location and vulnerability of the population. Edmonton Social Planning Council (2005) asserted that education, housing, and employment are important determinants of health that predispose the human body to foreign invasion. The social, economical and physical factors predispose humans to risks that result in deviation of the body from normal processes. This ultimately causes diseases that place a heavy burden on the individual and the society (The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, 2006). Significance of physical activity and active communities Physical activity entails activities such as sport, active recreation, active transport, and work-related activities which help in maintaining a healthy body. The physical health benefits of indulging in physical activity are lower blood pressure and cholesterol, healthy body weight, and reduced risk of experiencing bone fractures. Physical inactivity causes obesity, especially in women and girls. Obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, coronary heart disease and gestat
Introduction The objective of the staffing review is to identify the need for staff and to decide the qualities and skills required for the post and to make recruitment and selection processes. The first step is to understand the purpose of recruitment and it involves review of various staffing levels. It is essential to identify and review the current staffing levels against the organizational requirements. It is important to collect data and information to support the review of staffing levels. Manager must review the job and should make a decision whether this job requires a new employee or can be adjusted with existing employees. The job requirement is the criterion which tends to recruitment. The occurrence of a vacancy is the reason which tends to review the requirements of post, duties, responsibilities etc. Reviewing job descriptions is essential to ensure present and future job requirements. It is also required to assess the present employee’s skills and knowledge to meet the requirements of the job description. Job description sometimes needs to be updated and it must be re-evaluated based on grade of the job and requirement specification. Manager is required to consider whether a new job will increase value to the service and to know whether the appointment requires approval from top management. It is also necessary to identify the legal and organizational requirements in the recruitment function. Finally management can decide whether a full time or part time employee is required and steps be taken towards it. The future staffing Requirements Reviewing job description and job analysis is important to ensure that it meets both present and future requirements. Future staffing requirements can be easily found out by evaluating the present and future job requirements. Managers must identify in advance factors such as within a year how much will be the employee turnover due to retirement, possible dismissal, resignation and promotion to other areas. It is the manager’s duty to identify the possible employee turnover at least for one year so that steps can be taken to maintain adequate workforce in the organization. Management must know when to recruit personnel and the requisite qualities of the new recruits for the smooth functioning of the organizational job. The stages of recruitment and selection process After the review process, job description and job specification will be mentioned with the total number of staff to be recruited and in which areas or departments they are required. Recruitment process starts when the job description is drafted. Human resource planning is made about the recruitment and steps are taken for recruiting the personnel. “Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization whereas selection involves the series of steps by which the candidates are screen
It is now over one year since the Syrian protests, which kicked off in Dara’a, a small agricultural town in the country, begun. The Syrian police met the small uprising, which brought together a handful of people, with ruthlessness and brutality beyond the expectations of many people, thereby inciting more people to join the course. Today, barely all towns in the country have experienced violent protests against the long reigning president Bashar Assad and his family. According to the United Nation’s estimates, approximately 9000 people, most of them soldiers, have died in the violence that has continued to rock most parts of the country [1] . However, human rights groups and journalist put the estimates much higher at 30, 000 people by October 2012. They claim that government’s efforts at hiding the real happenings in the country have led to a serious clamp down on any forms of journalistic access, thereby denying the international community any chance of getting up-to-date information on deaths, property destruction, and atrocities against women and the minority. As a result, the international community has treated Syrian case slightly to the disadvantage of the country’s innocent citizens, especially women and children who are subjected to heinous acts such as rape, torture, and forced labor. Therefore, Mr. President, if your government is to make any decisions based on the recommendations provided in this letter, I will be glad if you considered the possibility of worse things happening in Syrian beyond the grainy streaming media footages who may have watched, as they do not capture even half of what is happening on the ground. As a nation founded on sound democratic principles and respect for human life and dignity, we have been drawn into this mess by our desire to give to the people of Syria, a democratic government, and an environment free from abuse, violence, and intimidations. So far, our attempts to institute a democratic government in Syrian and to end the suffering of the people have been futile. Worst still, the rebels who have been fighting the government are ill-equipped to make any significant process towards toppling the government [2] . Their activities have remained limited to Damascus. This calls for drastic measures. Our ultimate goals in Syria are driven by both morals and concerns for the suffering civilians. We need to defend the civilians against military abuse. We need to assist in the creation of a democratically elected government that is representative of the people’s wishes. However, the process of instituting a democratic government can never be easy. In most cases, it involves war and sanctions against doctorial regimes. Nevertheless, the Syrian people have spoken boldly of their desire for change, which makes any options available, regardless of the costs involved, worth pursuing. Additionally, we need to prevent Syria’s situation from dragging it into a failed and war-ridden state like Somalia. If this trend continues unchecked, then the nation could end up in a situation like that of Somalia. Finally yet importantly, we should strive
Introduction Cognitive development is the process through which an individual constructs the thought process. Specialists in cognitive development examine how growth and intellectual changes affect and influence a person’s behavior. This is achieved by studying the cognitive development of the memory, learning, language, problem solving techniques and intelligence. Memory Memory can be defined as the capacity of a human being to encode, keep and remember information over a period of time. Memory can be classified as short, working, long-term and episodic memory. Various studies show that the human memory develops and changes with the age of an individual. The volume of the human brain increases fourfold during growth resulting to marked improvement in motor, cognitive and perceptual abilities. The physical growth of the brain affects the behavioral changes throughout the growth process. The relationship between memory and age forms an inverted U shaped curve where the memorizing ability increases from childhood to adolescent and then starts to decline at old age (Shing & Lindenberger, 2011). Human memory capacity varies with the age of an individual. Young people remember more easily as opposed to older people (Alan, Castel, David & McCabe, 2011). Memory development is also greatly affected by hereditary or inborn traits as chromosomes inherited from parents determine the growth sequence, puberty and aging of an individual. Environmental aspects such as the social environment, nutrition, diseases, autism and timing have considerable impact on memory development. It has also been observed that, depression and anxiety affect the pattern which neurons flow subsequently affecting the memory growth (Alan et al, 2011). Metacognition Metacognition can be defined as the knowledge and regulation of one’s own thoughts. It is thinking about one’s own thoughts and the ability to regulate or control these thoughts. The main areas of metacognition are;   * Metacognitive knowledge: This entails the beliefs, facts and episodes about cognition such as remembering obvious things.   * Metacognitive monitoring : This involves assessing an ongoing cognitive activity.   * Metacognitive control : This entails regulating or controlling an ongoing activity such as changing the mind stream or stopping an activity (Wolfgang, 2008 ). Metacognitive abilities develop from childhood to adulthood. Generally, increase in metamemory increases with age and is related to improvement and advancement observed at different ages. As children grow, they show increasing awareness about their memory and are able to regulate the thought process. Increase in metacognition results to increased ability to recall an event. At very young age, below 7 years, the children have low metacognitive aspects and they depend on simple tactics