According to Czabanski (2008), the impact of crime in the society has not been fully established. The question of crime measurement has largely developed from the establishment of different measurement techniques that have for a long time been used to estimate the cost of crime to the society. It can be argued that the methods of estimating cost of crime to the society have been improving with time. Ancient methods focused on measurement of crime through assessment of the direct impact of crime. This was a shallow way of measuring the cost of crime since it only focused on a constricted scale of damage caused by crime (Hough, 2002). The failure of the ancient methods has been a reason for continued improvement in the development of advanced tools for measuring crime in society. Recent methods of crime measurement are quite open in nature. They focus on the direct costs, as well as indirect costs such as assessment of the economic effects of crime on market operations (Czabanski, 2008). Criminal record proceedings have existed for a considerable period of time. As early as 19 th century, social statistics on crime were derived from criminal court proceedings. Criminal court convictions were a denominator for measuring crime in the society. Proceedings are still used in assessing crime in the modern times. The main difference in this measure of crime in the modern times is that a large number of criminal cases are brought to court, unlike in the past where few cases were presented in criminal courts. In a considerable number of cases, early communities preferred to utilize local criminal settlement systems such as arbitration (Czabanski, 2008). Development of policies and bureaucracies towards mid 19 th century promoted the recording of crimes by police. This is how statistics on crime came into existence. Wales and England are termed as the main benchmarks in the development of crime measurement since they were the first jurisdictions to gather statistics on crime by instructing their police forces to maintain annual records of crime. Other countries in mainland Europe only came in later in the 20 th century and aped the practice from England and Wales. Since then, police statistics have remained as one of the most reliable guides that are used to ascertain the level of crimes that are committed in a given country. This argument was the basis on which the UCR was developed in mid 20 th century as one of the main methods of collecting data on crime in the United States and other countries in Europe. The problems of developing a comprehensive record of crimes began as early as a century ago. These problems were witnessed in Wales and England (Hough, 2002), and they include:   * Failure of victims to report crimes to the police.   * The failure of police to accept a number of crime counts that were reported.   * The rejection by police to record a number of crime counts reported. Due to the numerous reports on the failure to utilize police statistics as a source of data on crimes, several countries have encouraged the use of crime surveys. The first crime survey in the world was done back in the 17 th century in Arhus, Denmark. However, comprehensive crime surveys are a phenomenon of recent times. These surveys became co