ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Hypertension is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases and a major cause of premature death worldwide (World Health Organization [WHO], 2019). Consequently, the treatment and prevention of this disease is a global objective. Blood pressure measurements are used to diagnose and treat hypertension and evaluate the effectiveness of a doctor’s performance. Nevertheless, patient adherence to therapy also has a significant role in disease control. Various methods are used to increase compliance, including self-blood pressure monitoring. It is a simple and demonstrative method for maintaining a proper level of the patient’s consciousness and awareness regarding his disease. This paper examines the impact of daily home blood pressure monitoring on compliance with medication regimens for hypertension in adults diagnosed with hypertension. Introduction Hypertension is a medical condition in which blood pressure in the arteries is constantly elevated. This disease increases the risk of developing cardiovascular, brain, kidney, and other serious diseases. As mentioned by World Health Organization (WHO, 2019), in 2015, 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women had hypertension, and fewer than 1 in 5 people have the problem under control. In conjunction with this, proper treatment, monitoring, and surveillance are vital factors in reducing morbidity and mortality. Treatment of hypertension is a complex process requiring attention and consistency, and therefore not all patients can remain compliant with it. Blood pressure measurement is the most affordable, quickest, and convenient way of assessing the treatment impact. If there is no blood pressure control, the probability of complications and death increases, and in this regard, its constant monitoring becomes a capable tool in disease management (WHO, 2019). This paper investigates the influence of daily self-blood pressure measurement on compliance with antihypertensive medication intake since it is one of the most prospective and accessible methods for the patient. In advanced nursing practice, the problem is of great practical importance due to the prevalence of the disease in everyday work. Methods Most of the sources relating to the paper topic were found using Google Scholar and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). All sources listed were selected according to the criteria of conformity and concordance with the issue. The keywords used for the search were: self-blood pressure monitoring, home blood pressure monitoring, compliance, and adherence. About 50 articles were related to the issue in a given period from 2015 to 2020. However, this is not enough to reliably and distinctly answer the question posed by the problem. Most of the available materials are intended for research based on blood tests or new biotechnologies. For example, in addition to home blood pressure monitoring, it was possible to find studies related to other methods of compliance control, such as electronic monitoring of the medication intake. The sources chosen for this paper are selected due to
Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer; the three most common types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Skin cancer incidences gradually increased in the last decades, presenting a significant threat to the population’s well-being (Cameron et al., 2019). Skin cancer is characterized by an uncontrollable growth of skin cells, during which they could spread to other human body parts and cause damage. According to Cameron et al. (2019), a higher percentage of risk of developing skin cancer (20% to 30%) is associated with the white population. The review conducted by Kim et al. (2019) suggests that skin cancer prognosis could be connected with light eye color and freckles combined with red or blonde hair color. Family history of skin cancer and continuous exposure to direct sunlight, photosensitizing drugs, or carcinogenic chemicals also contribute to skin cancer development. Millions of people are diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancer in a span of one year, and mortality rates are estimated at 0.12 per 100,000 cases (Kim et al., 2019). In general, the main risk of developing skin cancer is UV radiation and exposure to sunlight. Dermatologists or physician assistants could diagnose skin cancer through biopsy, which allows fast and accurate results. Depending on the size and shape of the tumor, the diagnosis could be performed either through a punch biopsy or a shave biopsy, designed for larger areas of skin. Moreover, shave biopsy allows a more accurate result due to the decreased chance of sampling error (Cameron et al., 2019). Non-invasive options for skin cancer diagnosis include optical methods, such as coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy (Cameron et al., 2019). Both methods operate based on infrared light projection and could also be used to provide an accurate result. Treatment of skin cancer is primarily focused on the local excision of tumors. However, the excision does not guarantee the full elimination of disease as recurrences could occur significantly later after the initial treatment. According to Kim et al. (2019), recurrence rates or surgical excision are between 3 to 12 percent of cases, and they mostly take place more than five years post-treatment. Therefore, besides the initial treatment, the necessary measures also include follow-up checkups. Currently, there are many available options for skin cancer treatment. Surgical excision is recommended for tumors located in neck and trunk areas. Incomplete excisions in surgical treatment could result in recurrence in approximately 38 percent of cases (Kim et al., 2019). Mohs surgery is recommended for the treatment of high-risk tumors and recurrent skin cancer. On the other hand, for low-risk tumors, treatment measures could be faster and more cost-effective, with methods such as electrodesiccation and curettage (Kim et al., 2019). One of the treatment procedures developed recently for low-risk skin cancer tum
Introduction Even from a tender age, every girls dream is to be blessed with children when she grows up, and to be a loving mother to her children. Having children is therefore highly treasured by women if the timing is right. It, however, goes without saying that women are considered to have passed their prime after they become mothers, and they are automatically alienated from a number of puerile social activities, and affairs of the youth ( 1 ). This has led made women dread motherhood to the extent that a myriad of them are unwilling to become mothers after they accidentally become pregnant. Since a woman can become a mother even at teenage, there is need for a change in the stereotypical ideas held by people that motherhood is the completion of a woman’s life. Women should thus be given a chance to live their life to the fullest regardless of whether they are mothers or not. This will lead to more self discovery and self advancement in young mothers, and it is likely to reduce a number of vices. Reasons why this statement is false The statement “motherhood is the completion of a woman’s life” is false from a number of perspectives. For example, consider the word “life” in this statement to mean the socio-economic and intellectual advancement of an individual. In this particular perspective, the statement is false because a woman can substantially advance her socio-economic status as well as her intellectual status even after becoming a mother ( 2 ). Thus motherhood is not the completion of a woman’s socio-economic and intellectual advancement. This mentality is an archaic way of viewing life, and thus it can be dismissed as a mere stereotype since it is baseless and thus it has no meaningful justification. 1 . Grantly, Read. Childbirth Without Fear . London. Pollinger Limited. 2006. 2 . Boulton, Georgina. On Being a Mother: a study of women with pre-school children . 2003. New York, Tavistock Publications. The sad part of it is that some societies embrace this stereotype, and thus a myriad of women have been forced to make wrong decisions for fear of becoming mothers. The truth is that having children (being a mother) should come with a feeling of accomplishment even if the timing is imperfect. This is evidenced by the bliss that motherhood brings to the lives of women who plan their lives well ( 3 ). A woman who bears children without a good plan for the same should also view the children as a blessing and live each day with the
Introduction Four major issues influence the welfare of children in society. They include family status and process, family formations, father involvement, and capital. The family status and process are determined by issues such as the mother’s employment and age, family structure, parenting, and parent-child relations. Family formations include matters such as children raised by gay and lesbian parents. Father involvement comprises paternal social interactions and economic contributions. The capital at home or school comprises human, social, and economic issues. Family Status and Process The wellbeing of children is determined by maternal employment, maternal age, and family structure. If the mothers participate in the workforce, they bring about positive adolescent outcomes. However, their involvement in nonstandard work schedules offsets such benefits. For instance, nonstandard work gives rise to socio-emotional problems among the children of low-income families. In the case of teen mothers, their children can perform poorly on academic, psychological, and social scopes. On the other hand, if the mothers are older, their children can inherit more economic resources than those of teen mothers. When children are raised in families that experience transitions, they are likely to encounter behavioral problems throughout their childhood stages (Crosnoe & Cavanagh 595-96). The wellbeing of children is also determined by parenting and parent-child relations. Positive parenting influences the way teenagers disclose information to their parents. Adolescents can disclose or hide certain information from their parents depending on the existing nature of the parent-child dialogue. If parents nurture a strong sense of family obligations among their children, it brings socio-emotional benefits but ties them physically to their homes as they grow older. Also, if parents support the psychological autonomy of their children, it can bring more academic benefits (Crosnoe & Cavanagh 599-600). Gay and Lesbian Parenting The children of gay and lesbian parents balance their truth and safety when presenting their families to others because they fear becoming subjected to the effects of homophobia. Such children are concerned about the possibility of their family background becoming the target of harassment, teasing, and exclusion. Also, older adolescents from such families are enigmatic about describing their parents to others. Although they are secretive about their social lives, such children do not seem to be ridiculed or bullied compared to their peers. Also, they do not appear to be susceptible to relationship difficulties (Tasker & Patterson 19-20). The children brought up by non-heterosexual parents are faced with three major developmental issues in their lives. They include sexual identity, self-esteem, and social relationships. The development of gender identity among such children follows the expected trend found in all
Omega Company’s History Founded in 1848 in Switzerland, Omega SA was known as a small company selling watches assembled from parts obtained from local craftsmen. After the founder’s two sons took the management of the company and adopted an in-house manufacturing approach that was aimed to meet customer needs, things changed radically for Omega. The company merged with Tissot in 1930 to form SSIH that was based in Geneva. At around 1970s, the group that specialised in luxury watches was the largest in Switzerland and the third largest globally. The watches marketed by the Rolex Company were the main competitors of the Omega watches, but sold its products at higher prices (Tam, Fu & Du 2007). The emergence of Seiko and Citizen watches that used the quartz technology changed operations of Omega Company. Thus, the firm designed watches to compete effectively with the new market entrants. However, Rolex watches still had expensive mechanical parts (Tam, Fu & Du 2007). Advertisements Analysis It will not take long even an inexperienced customer to notice the common patterns in the way that Omega promotes its brands. First and foremost, the use of similar words indicates that Omega aims at cementing its brands in people’s minds. While the company uses a traditional advertisement vocabulary, it also features a number of unique elements, such as “authentic” (Omega DeVille Ladymatic Watches 2013); moreover, the word “enigmatic” is obviously coded in the name “Ladymatic.” The advertisements are obviously aimed at informing the customers rather than amusing them. In addition, the company avoids including any bits of information that may possibly be misleading. While the given strategy may seem a bit boring, it clearly pays off, seeing how Omega has gained impressively good reputation among its target audience over the past few years. Advertisement Campaigns Each of Omega’s advertisement campaigns actually has a number of distinct signifiers of social values, such as a new image of a woman as an independent, strong, popular (shape: angular) and attractive (colors: pastel, gold, platinum) person. There is a bit of sex appeal in each of the commercials; however, the focus is still on the sex appeal rather than on snob appeal: While the given choice is rather questionable, it still shows that Omega is following a rather beaten yet safe track. The target customers project the images used in the advertisements onto themselves and, thus, consume the product, being sure that wearing Omega watches will turn them sexy and popular as well (Silvera & Austad 2004). Brands Analysis Casting a single glance at the variety of Omega’s brands is enough to notice a common thread with each of them. Although Omega positions itself as a company with a unique approach towards the solution for any brand, the company clearly tries to keep its signature elements in their places, especially when it comes to designing watches for women. The first element that falls into the eye of a typical customer, Omega’s tendency to use a bi- or tricolor palette for women watches chimes in with the overall reserved and t
The world is changing rapidly and the changes are likely to lead to a global conflict in the future. The world population is increasing at an alarming rate especially in the developing world. The high population needs more resources to meet their basic needs yet the resources are scarce. Therefore, people have to scramble for the scarce resources. Eventually conflicts arise as people try to get a piece of the resources. The poor will get into violence as they try to get resources from the rich. The high levels of poverty will continue to increase with the social inequality that is prevalent in many countries. Just as Karl Marx urged the proletarians will stage an uprising and overthrow the capitalist class. Thus, the likelihood of future global conflict is high. Globalisation will also lead to conflicts in the future. The trend has brought countries closer through trade, commerce and communication and at the same time the world is falling apart. The world has become one and with it nationalism is disappearing as people become global citizens thus it will be difficult to identify people according to culture or religion. The American culture has spread across the globe rapidly through films and television programs. The loss of an identity will create a problem as some countries try to resist getting lost in the larger world and maintain their identity or avoid influences from other countries. This will lead to small wars that will put tribes against tribes as people seek to redraw boundaries in a world that has become increasing borderless. In other worlds old rivalries that existed will be renewed. The clash of civilizations will also lead to conflicts in the future. Civilizations are at the highest kinds of grouping and share things like language, religion and customs among others. People use civilizations to define identities and over time the identities go through redefinition. Today the world has become a global village due to the improved interactions between people from different civilizations. Consequently, the interactions have led to an increase in civilization consciousness. People are more aware of their civilization similarities and differences. The awareness will rekindle the animosities that existed between the civilizations in the past and each will seek to become dominant. Event
Since the end of World War Two, America has dominated the world in all aspects of trade, military, economy, sport and other sectors. This has helped shape the world in a number of ways, both positive and negative. The fall of the Soviet Union heralded the rise of the US, and, this is what led it to become a fierce superpower. This is both in terms of its sophisticated military hardware and in terms of being a global trading partner. However, with power come its limits, that unless checked can harm others and this essay aims at tackling the excess powers of US that has led to its decline as a superpower (Townsend & Townsend 2008, p.142). The essay is going to discuss factors such as lack of diplomacy in solving issues, the military obsession in approaching matters, the hatred towards the Muslim world, its despotic policies of hegemony and unilaterism instead of multilaterism among others. In addition, the essay gives examples of countries such as Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and North Korea among other Asian nations that have crossed path with the US leaving its image dented. Other countries that have criticized the US include Zimbabwe in Africa and Venezuela, in South America. The essay also mentions the rise of new super powers such as China and India (Manners 2002, p.237). There reasons why the United States is declining as a super Power include a tendency to use force where diplomacy could be applied. America views a world that is always good or bad, friend or foe and never appreciates the use of diplomacy. This was evident when America bombed Nagasaki and Hiroshima with atomic bombs during the World War Two causing the loss of numerous lives (Fry 2010, p.71). In addition, the US attacked Iraq on the pretext it had Weapons of Mass Destruction and ended up covering up the sadism with the hanging of Saddam Hussein. Furthermore, the US raided Afghanistan in search of Osama after the terrorist attacks of the US in 2001. This attack led to the loss of Afghan lives as the US pursued militants. This has resulted to a deep hatred for the US especially the Muslim world that has been its target for supporting terrorism (Townsend & Townsend 2008, p.142). America has also raided African countries such as Sudan and Somalia. Critics argue that the mentality of America of using force to solve problems is not helping things but only isolating it from the rest of the world. In addition, this bullying of the US is motivating the extremists to continue with their terror activities. Another reason is the lack of assurance by the US to speak in one voice with an International organization such as United Nations. America is
An adjusted trial balance is a worksheet, normally used in bookkeeping that contains accounting ledger balances after errors have been corrected. Usually, it is used in the preparation of changes in the income statement and balance sheet. It can also be used to determine whether the systems of bookkeeping are computed correctly. To come up with an adjusted trial balance, it is important to come up with a trial balance. Adjusting entries arise from the imbalances of both the debit and credit sides of the trial balance. However, it is important to note that even when both the debit and the credit sides of the trial balance are equal it does not mean that the trial balance is correct (Belverd, Marian & Susan, 2010). To correct the imbalances on the trial balance, adjusting entries are prepared in form of ledgers to correct the errors. The balances from the ledgers are then posted on an adjusted trial balance containing both debit and credit columns. Reference Belverd, E., Marian, P., & Susan, V. (2010). Financial and Managerial Accounting . Belmont, California: Cengage Learning.
Plato’s critics on Athenian way of life With the conviction of Socrates, Plato, one of the great Socrates’ supporters, sees Athenians as prejudiced people who convict the innocent freeing the guilty. He observes “…his conviction resulted from his unwillingness to address the Athenians the way they would have liked him to do” (Plato 245). Plato criticizes the way of arriving at judgment upon hearing the evidence set forth by the accusers who, though many hardly say anything true. In support of his argument that paints the Athenian jury of 501 persons, as prejudiced, Plato prophesies, “the history will come to see his conviction as shameful for Athens” (Plato 386). As reflected in arguments by many historians, Socrates’ death was voluntarily by mere fact that he did not intend to sacrifice his beliefs and political aspirations that he strongly subscribed to for the sake of acquaintance. Socrates’ arguments were solid and rigid. Even in the light of death punishment, Socrates opted to die rather than honoring people with blurred and victimized capacity to reason. He could not have imagined sacrificing his moral principles that dictated his concerns in teaching about “the nature of virtue” (Plato 397). It seems intriguing to arrive at a conclusion on how Athens jury arrived at a decision to execute an old man on impiety accounts initiated by a poet linking his teachings as catalysts of corrupting the youth. Plato also worries about the capacity of the Athenians to change charges from one nature to the other, as it was difficult to determine whether Socrates’ charges were purely impiety, political in nature or a combination of both. Plato’s concerns on Athens’ way of life stand out in the republic. Plato postulates an argument seeking to determine whether just people are happier than unjust people are. To arrive at the premises of his argument, attempts are made to define what justice is in the first place from a philosophical perspective and literal dimensions, both of which are subjected to introspection to determine loopholes in the weight of thought. The proposition of a just and perfect republic model in his argument, in a big way, reflects modeling a society that would seem completely opposite to that of Athenians. He indicated that, “Pleasures which are approved of by the lover of wisdom and reason are the truest” (Plato 441). A jury from such a society should have treated Socrates case justly and without prejudices. In ‘The Republic’, he tries to compare a city ruled by independent thinkers-philosophers for instance Socrates, and dependent thinkers like the Athenia