ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Progress in technology development has a significant impact on nearly every sphere of life. During recent decades, technology came to serve the task of heritage preservation through the process of digital archiving. It is applicable to both digitalized and born-digital content (Van Malsen 71). Digitalization of audiovisual collections for preservation has certain benefits compared to physical storage. Thus, digitalized content is more available, which also expands the group of users (Bressan 12). Also, original material can be fragile or heavy, and digitalized copies help to protect the original from possible harm in case of handling. Moreover, digitalization allows sharing of audiovisual resources among institutions and empowers the creation of digital collections (Bressan 12). Different institutions apply a diversity of tools and strategies to preserve audiovisual materials. For example, the National Archives of Australia, which collects and preserves government records, and the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia both integrate Mediaflex as a tool for managing and preserving their assets (“National Archives of Australia”). This paper analyses the case of the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia (NFSA) and its use of Mediaflex, a system that empowers the management of archived collections, both analog and digital. Background NFSA is a ‘living archive that possesses a collection of more than 2.3 million audiovisual resources (“National Film and Sound Archive of Australia”). These resources comprise all kinds of “film, television, radio, and recorded sound formats” and the related content such as “photographs, scripts, lobby cards, costumes and memorabilia” (“National Film and Sound Archive of Australia”). Although the heritage of audio and video content is just more than one century old, it prevails in the contemporary media environment. Thus, audiovisual archives, in addition to collection and storage, accomplish educational, cultural, and historical functions providing access to a variety of digital resources. Objective Contemporary audiovisual archives are usually concentrated on the preservation of resources for the future. This process is easier with present-day content, which is already digital. It should be mentioned that archives are significant for the contemporary digital culture because they preserve their products (Amenta 15). However, digitalization is applied to preserve fragile samples created with the use of analog technology. For example, tape-recorded audio files are digitalized and thus make available using digital delivery (“National Film and Sound Archive of Australia”). At present, the objective of NFSA is to change the legacy collection management system that has been functioning for decades in favor of a more contemporary system Mediaflex. It is explained by the fact that the first system is more oriented towards analog content, while the second one has the potential to manage both digital and analog materials effectively. This shift to a new system was expec
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has already modified human lives all across the globe to such an extent the world itself will never be the same. Thus, in order to remain relevant in the market and show exquisite care to the consumers, global enterprises chose either to rapidly adapt to a revolutionary landscape or create their own approaches to the issue handling (Braunstein, 2020; Toh & Tran, 2020). One of the most vivid examples in the field is the process of digital payment recognition in the existing pandemic paradigm. Primarily, the issue emerged due to people’s inability to use cash in terms of lockdown and the risk of virus transmission in the process of cash exchange (Pal & Bhadada, 2020). Thus, such a precedent became a severe challenge to some companies, making other enterprises benefit from the situation. Banking, entertainment, and grocery segments appeared among the most digitally-oriented businesses that could adjust the online payment opportunity in practically no time (Baig et al., 2020). Thus, the process of pandemic digitalization has become a universal concern as more companies started to follow suit. Considering the following issue, a few aspects of the process should be taken into consideration prior to dwelling upon the efficient marketing proposal. To begin with, it should be outlined that despite the growing digital payment tendencies, many people still feel more secure about using a case on a daily basis (Chen et al., 2020). Some of the major reasons for such behavioral patterns might concern the lack of governmental support in terms of digitalization and the existence of a population segment that has no direct access to digital sources for online payment conduction (Aji et al., 2020; Auer et al., 2020). Another issue concerns the businesses that lack resources to go digital in the near terms, leaving banking and media industries to bear major responsibility in the field (Seetharaman, 2020). Thus, taking into consideration the aforementioned sources, it might be concluded that while today’s tendencies encourage the already emerged process of digitalization, there still exists a variety of pitfalls that are to be eliminated through efficient marketing and business frameworks.
The Egan model is greatly influenced by the theories of Carkhuff, Rogers, Social influence theory, and the principles underlying behavior change. “Gerard Egan decided that he liked the relationship-building practices of the person-centered approach, and some of the challenging practices of cognitive approaches, and the getting-into-action practices of behavioral approaches. Egan carefully stitched together a model consisting of the most useful (in his view) practices of several different approaches, and constructed a stage model of counseling in which the different approaches are utilized at different stages in the counseling relationship.” (Hughes, n.d., para.7). The aforementioned counseling approaches have philosophies that are aligned with that of the Egan model. Premium is given to the client, and effective communication is a tool that helps him/her understand himself and his situation better with the able guidance of the counselor. In arriving at a full understanding, the client becomes ready to act on his current situation. This is apparent even in the first counseling session (as may be observed in the following counseling session to be analyzed). Although Egan’s Model is based on theories and research, he is not overly concerned with theoretical or philosophical consistency. The efficacy of the skilled helper is central to its success. Egan’s Model is a stage-wise counseling model that goes through three stages. Basically, the first stage involves problem definition and insight. Both helper (counselor) and client build rapport and trust and explore the identified problem. The second stage further investigates the client’s perspectives using insight-focused methodologies to delve deeper into the core of the client with the help of the counselor’s trained communication skills that unearth deep-seated issues. More involvement with the counselor is called for as the processes of self-disclosure, immediacy, and confrontation take place. This stage clarifies the perspectives of the client and gets him/her ready for the final stage, which now focuses on action strategies planned from a more objective point of view (Corey, 2005). The way the “skilled helper” treats the client with full understanding, support, and respect may be likened to the Person-Centered theory’s concept of “unconditional positive regard.” Like Egan’s Model, Person-Centered counseling has great respect for a client’s subjective views and potential for self-actualization. It offers a fresh and hopeful perspective on its views on human nature. The main ingredient to successful therapy is a warm and caring therapist imbued with attributes such as congruence, unconditional positive regard, and accurate empathic understanding (Corey, 2005). Such qualities are hard to come by in therapists nowadays. Rogers believes that possession of such qualities in addition to a high level of maturity qualifies a person to practice as a person-centered therapist, as it does not require specialized training. Being a sensitive and tactful listener who exudes total acceptance of the client can compensate for the lack of formal counseling techniques. In contrast,
Introduction The company Coach Inc. deals with production, distribution, and sales of handbags. The past company’s direction included low-cost handbags that were not really luxurious though reliable and ‘resilient to wear and tear’. The shift in consumers’ preferences made the company introduce more luxurious designs of handbags to be more compatible to the rising fashion on Italian and French stylish luxurious brands. Thus, the company used the differentiation and cost leadership strategies to learn about the needs and expectations of consumers and meet their requirements implementing uniqueness competencies and low cost competencies in the narrow market scope. Thus, the differentiation and cost leadership strategies enabled the company to address the customers who require unique goods and those who search for something less expensive. In other words, the company managed to divide the potential buyers in accordance with their buying power to ensure that both categories will get the goods at a relevant price. Strategic Issue The company coach Inc. is one of the largest manufacturers and owners of best-selling handbag brand on the territory of the United States and Japan as these two countries were reported to be the greatest consumers of luxurious goods hence leading to the targeting of the goods to the American and Japanese consumer markets. The strategy of the company includes a wide range of goods claimed to be luxurious manufactured and sold within the company-owned full-price stores, retail department stores, and factory stores. Agreements made with producers of eyewear, shoes, and watches are aimed at manufacturing high-quality luxurious goods of these categories under the brand of Coach. Thus, differentiation strategy was used to address the category of customers who have already built the loyalty to a certain brand but are ready to try goods manufactured under other brands. Cost leadership strategy was used to ensure that the category of customers who have been loyal to this brad for years would not be eliminated from the company’s plans. The strategic issue for the company is the increase in the number of full-price company-owned stores and the number of factory stores in the United States and in Japan. Another strategic plan of the company is the production of fragrance and other goods that are positioned in the category of luxurious goods. Besides, the gifts and customer attendance should be the main focus of the company, especially talking about holiday periods. Knitwear and cashmere women’s collections designed in alliance with manufacturers of such goods are aimed at addressing more luxurious audience as the price range is higher than the one for handbags though the handbags remain the main focus of the company. The major strategic initiative concerning the handbags includes the launching of new designs and collections as a part of the differentiation strategy to ensure that the brand is recognizable in the broad market scope. In this respect, the company successfully exerc
Over the last few decades, a large body of research has been dedicated to the study of administration and coaching from a sociological angle that focuses on the impact of this sport on culture or on fans’ behavior. It is not surprising to witness this interest in athletics given its importance in the sports industry, which has developed over the last few decades from a relaxing activity in the weekends into a complex industry. This complexity is obvious in various phenomena. What concerns, athletics, its grown complexity as more than just a sport is evident in its magnified status in the media on a daily basis and the interest of sponsors in linking their name to it as part of a larger promotional and marketing strategy. Due to this complexity, it would be interesting to specifically focus the study within the area of marketing, particularly what concerns issues of coaching and administration. The provision of a comparison provides however a broadened perspective of understanding. The study will critically examines the reasons behind the success in administration and coaching of athletic. When it is taken into account that the game of athletics is in many ways devalued through over-commercialization, the problem of sponsorship deals, media’s excessive marketing of the game, and fans’ seemingly blind and at many times overenthusiastic support becomes instantly and sharply clear. For instance, this fervent support is played on by corporate businesses through their advertisements and sponsorship deals. It is thereby unfortunate to observe that regardless of the importance of athletic as both a leisure and culturally significant activity, the issue has nevertheless received limited attention among scholars and researchers in the respective or close fields alike. It is in this regard that this study aims at contributing to through the closer examination of the issue at hand and the review of administration and coaching in athletics. Thus, this study’s examination of both the potential effects of administration and coaching on athletes performance and the ways through which the support of fans is plays to influence the two. This is beneficial to the determination of what could be done to resolve the problem and its impacts, both today and in the future. This is only logical. After determining the causes, the solutions can then be sought. In order to better understand the factors that influence athletic administration and coaching is to study the effects of sponsorships as the aforementioned escort service deal, this study will observe both the psychological as well as professional aspects of the issue of marketing and finance in athletics today. Psychology is being challen
Introduction “We are all of us Americans, and nothing else; we all have equal rights and equal obligations; we form part of one people, in the face of all other nations, paying allegiance only to one flag; and a wrong to any one of us is a wrong to all the rest of us.” (Roosevelt, p-3) So according to Theodore Roosevelt that Americans must persist that if the immigrant reaches America in fine reliance turns out to be an American and incorporates himself to America and the citizens of America, one will be taken care on accurate impartiality with everybody else, for it is indignation to distinguish against any such man for the reason of faith or place of birth. Theodore Roosevelt also forced the point that it is predicated upon the individual’s becoming in very fact an American and not anything but an American so there can be no separated adherence in America. American middle class America is unique from other countries because it has a middle class. American middle class is one of the things that keep the American dream going. Immigrants are diminishing the gap between the rich and the poor. The average immigrant has only a ninth-grade education. Supporters argue, “Who else is going to take hard labor jobs for low pay?” This is a problem today. 40% of wage loss to low-skilled Americans is because of competing immigrants. Unemployed Americans would proudly work for minimum wage in order to feed their families. The wages of American citizens are dropping due to immigrants’ willingness to work for lower wages. This is a huge problem in the American construction industry. The business owners are charging the same rate for work, but are getting by paying less and less to its employees because of help that will work cheaper. An answer to this problem is to check the employers for illegal immigrants. Charge the violators more money in fines. This will make it less appealing to them to hire immigrants. People say that America is a “nation of immigrants.” This is true. The great wave at the turn of the last century brought many new immigrants to America. They came from Europe in search of the American Dream. The immigrants today are coming from other areas of the world in flocks. Immigrants in 1909 were three times more likely than Native Americans to be on welfare. That was then, imagine today. Today immigrants can cross the border, have their babies in American hospitals for free, then can stay and move the rest of their immediate family here. Furthermore, elderly immigrants who have worked in America for just a year or two can receive social security benefits. Th
Introduction Social policy is a subject of inclusivity with a bid to offer solutions to social life challenges. This paper discusses the social-economic and political challenges, which are further classified based on the economic state, political state, or the general social structure. Different levels of social challenges will require a different set of solutions. The industrial revolution of the 18th century caused both economic and social welfare policy challenges (Hendren & Sprung-Keyser, 2020). The transformation steps could solve social-economic-related problems by resolving the historical, and financial aspects, making them better elements for the prospect. Industrial Revolution The historical aspect of social welfare regarding economic elements plays an essential role in creating a base for establishing a solution for the economic phenomenon that could arise due to historical economic events. The industrial revolution being a pivotal solution to most economic challenges, has resulted in social side effects. From the industrial revolution angle, social welfare policies that affect financial aspects also involve social matters equally. Thus, solutions are likely to change based on the environment and time since economic factors keep changing a lot (Hendren, & Sprung-Keyser, 2020). Social welfare policy development should integrate economic and social aspects to protect vulnerable groups through social assistance and services in the current social-economic environment. Effect of the industrial revolution on social welfare policy Some of the challenges that arise from social welfare policy are majorly economic influences, such as poverty and rise in social classes, resulting in social imbalance. Poverty growth increases among society members who have limited financial ability to access resources. The basic needs are necessary to lead a conventional lifestyle or struggle to meet basic human needs. Simultaneously, the social imbalance is where resources have become unevenly distributed in society. Social gaps develop between those who have access to resources and those who struggle to access resources necessary to improve life quality. Social imbalance and poverty came from the industrial revolution in the 18th century while improving insufficient economic performance improvement. Thus, the formulation of social welfare had to balance the economic and social effects. Liberal states had limited ideas on social welfare, which motivated the development of a more negative outcome. Adopting an inclusivity policy was necessary to handle the whole social-economic imbalance issue to counter the adverse effects. The public expects that the government has an obligation toward social welfare and to formulate policies to enable them to meet those social obligations through taxes and other state expenditure policies (Hendren, & Sprung-Keyser, 2020). Despite much critics from the public on the social-economic challenges. State welfare does its best to develop social polici
Drucker’s theories focus on leaders’ commitment of various corporations to make constructive policies on full employment (Yaeger & Sorensen, 2011). He suggested that an organization can make fiscal polices that clearly favor the capitalizations of profits as reserves. Thus, expansion can be financed while being shielded from the risk it entails. In the event that the amount of profit retained and not generated exceeds that required to cover losses or invest in productive assets, such profit would become table. An even attractive incentive could be given by cutting tax on the profit obtained through capital investments. It is highly probable that this would make it easier for corporations to implement strategic planning for long-term investments than short-term ones (Teo-Dixon & Monin, 2007). Ducker’s thinking considers the creative power of human imagination and initiative. It is important, especially, when the economy has entered a cycle of maturity and there is a shortage of raw materials. These resources, that come directly from man, and are called to replace natural resource, must be cared for, cultivated, motivated, and encouraged. A practical way is to encourage free, individual entrepreneurship, rather than strangling it with control and state planning (Teo-Dixon & Monin, 2007). Drucker has emphasized on the theory of getting the right things to be done. Ideally, the success of a manager in a non-profit making organization will be achieved through the understanding that the effectiveness, in any operation, is learned. For one to be effective, the manager should adhere to basic principles that incorporate discipline. The manager should not only be creative and knowledgeable, but discipline plays a vital role in his success. Discipline is achieved by utilizing the time available—time management skill—by discarding or minimizing the activities that waste a lot of time. Drucker’s other suggestion of effectiveness is mobilization of strength in an organization. Consequently, Drucker’s analysis of management and strategic planning, he argues that the strategic planning commences with the organization’s mission. Following this trend, the strategy should put into consideration the economic climate; that is analyzing the changes inherent in the economy. Drucker’s describes decision making as a timely machine that synchronizes the current number of the divergent spans of time. Decision making process is an active element in defining an organization’s success. The strategic planning depends on management’s vital d