ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The problem of human laughter is one which has been approached from a number of different points of view by psychologists and sociologists without producing any measure of agreement. The admirable way in which laughter is fitted to serve this function is clearly seen if critics examine its effects; physiologically it induces a condition of euphoria, which proves the belief that everything is exactly as it should be. Psychologically, laughter breaks up thought and so prevents the possibility of a change in social evaluations from so much as coming to consciousness. Your response to another person’s humor says something about who you are. To reinforce positive humor by laughing and sharing your own humorous perspective, but to refuse to laugh at or participate in demeaning humor by remaining quiet or gently commenting is an assertive statement of one’s belief system. Thesis Laughter has a positive health effects affecting a person both physically and psychologically. Physical Effects Laughter prevents the arousal of the condition of dysphoria which a ludicrous situation would otherwise produce, and which would tend to disturb that delicate adjustment of minor social evaluations by which society largely preserves the good manners, morals, conceptions of rank, and so on, of its members. Laughter arises fundamentally from the social evaluations and the possibility of conflict between them. In the more serious conflicts other social reactions are necessitated, since many of them cannot be “laughed off” (Cetola, 1998. Where the conflict does not involve deep emotional tendencies, laughter serves very well as a compensatory reaction; faced with a conflict in social evaluations, society takes over a biologically determined reaction, and by a process which certain neurotics use to secure anti-social individual adjustments obviates the possibility of an anti-social behavior. Following Askenasy (1987) the neurotic and the laugher are using the same psychic device for the avoidance of conscious conflict, the only difference being that the former is acting along anti-social lines, whereas the latter is adopting a socially determined pattern of behavior. Now the characteristic muscular apparatus used in the smile and the laugh does not involve exactly the same muscles as those which are employed in either of t
The quality improvement initiative’s principal aim is to reduce the incidences of harm in healthcare settings through health education. Healthcare organizations can implement this strategy through continuous medical education programs and patient education in the wards. Some of the safety concerns arise from physical harm, injuries, and errors in inpatient care. The safety precaution initiative targets nurses and patients because they form the largest part of the health system’s interactions (Vaismoradi et al., 2020). Patients are among the core reasons for the existence of healthcare, while nurses are always in close contact with patients. The initiative is beneficial to the patients, nurses, and the whole organization. Increased adherence to the safety guidelines implies that patients receive quality healthcare. Healthcare outcomes are measured by mortality rates, morbidity rates, and patient satisfaction (Brunetto et al., 2016). Nurses’ safety is critical for their motivation and continued dispensation of quality healthcare services. Effective implementation of the strategies for patients’ and nurses’ safety requires the involvement of all healthcare professionals. The healthcare professionals include physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and laboratory technicians (Vaismoradi et al., 2020). Inter-professional collaboration is a critical pillar in educating patients about safety precautions. Implementation of the initiative majorly focuses on creating awareness about the healthcare environment’s safety issues through a health promotion program. The program’s cost will depend on the number of participants involved, and the expenses will cater to the materials required for an education program and meals for participants (Brunetto et al., 2016). Evaluation of the initiative’s effectiveness will be anchored on the data from patients’ and nurses’ safety concerns before and after implementing the initiative. Deviations from the analysis of the data will determine the level of achievement of the initiative’s primary goal.
Introduction The manner in which any author sets the stage for his story forms the basis upon which the literary value his work may be measured. Camus suggests a philosophy that is distant from the religious belief and common man concepts of morality. Sentience and individual integrity are at the heart of a content and accountable life. Literature review Merusault the narrator in the novel The Stranger tells the story from a rather detached and unemotional tone the revolutionary concerns of the post war period of apparent random violence devoid of strings of morality amidst the glare of the irrational world. Even so he still maintains a sense of touch with the object of nature and reality despite the absurdity of the human condition. Even more compelling is the protagonist attitude attached to the monologue that persists to the end of the novel with simplistic narrative style. The novel projects death as inevitable and arbitrary and in effect life is therefore only relevant to the present and its demands and no more. He makes an emphatic entrance to into the story with a significant sense of resignation associated to the lack of ambition at work as well as the indifference in the personal and interpersonal relationships he participates i
Salesforce is one of the biggest cloud computing firms operating on the market. Its revenue as of August 2017 is estimated at 10 billion dollars. This is quite a significant result due to the fact that in a previous year the company made 30% less[1]. In addition, it has around 100,000 customers around the world, which makes it a rather popular business solution for those who seek proper customer relationships management (CRM) services. [2] Present market success may be partially due to the effective resolution of the security compromise issue the company had in 2008. Since client data security in CRM is rather significant, the case of a phishing attack and the following change of priority in business ethics is paramount to investigate. Client Data Security What makes security breach an ethical issue is a fact that almost every company that works with data provided by a client has to guarantee their client’s privacy and non-disclosure. CRM services presuppose that a company lets Salesforce manage, store, and analyze the data about its customers, their personal contacts, and other information. Employees that work with the company that provides such services need to be aware of safety measures and precautions when working with the Internet. In 2008, Salesforce.com databases that contained clients’ contacts were stolen through a phishing attack that targeted employees. [3] Apparently, the information was accessed due to one or several employees opening a link he or she received via email on their desktop computer. The disguised malware might have proposed to enter details needed for accessing the client base under some security excuse. This issue represents a case of negligence towards the company’s code of conduct or insufficient knowledge of the company’s ethics demonstrated by the employees. Another possible cause could be th
Introduction: The Way It All Started The world of architecture has always been full of mystery to the “mere mortals” and the escape from the mundane reality. Changing and shaping in search of the golden mean, the world’s famous architects inherited each other’s technique, some eagerly, others unwillingly and almost subconsciously, to produce the most impressive masterpieces. Although the artworks of each are a unique perfection, the elements of the influence of the previous connoisseurs of architecture can be traced clearly in the major creations. Tracing the changes that occurred in the word of architecture as Richardson, Sullivan and Wright reined, one will be able to see the way one architectural idea shaped, giving birth to another. Standing at the Beginning: H. Richardson’s Masterpiece Can a group of genial architects create the world’s most impressive building? Though the answer seems to be lying on the surface, the question is far trickier than it seems. Each possessing their own idea of beauty and grace, the architects m ay turn into opponents, and what was supposed to become an architectural perfection will play the part of an architectural bone of discord. Nevertheless, the famous Trinity Church was the ultimate proof that the result of cooperation can become a masterpiece. Tracing the most outstanding features of Richardson’s creation, one must mark that the Church possessed a certain flair of chic and luxury, which made it completely different from the typical Episcopal churches (Zabel 13). Since the tastes of the century shifted the sphere of the most refined and elegant elements, the building was a triumph of the Romanesque style – as O’Gorman explained, “these features resonated with Richardson’s architectural tastes more than the Gothic, which tended to perforate and dematerialize walls” (63). Indeed, looking at the Trinity Church, one can see perfectly well that the building is solid and stable, with not a single element of the Gothic inconstancy. With help of his talent, the architect created the impression of incredible grandeur and solidness, making the Trinity Church as eternal as Rome. From Richardson to Sullivan: Splendor and Grace Who would think that the grandeur of the Romanesque style has something to do with the practical and, to be oxymoronic, earthy skyscrapers? Yet there is certain resemblance to the creations of the great architect. In spite if the fact tat the constant rivalry made the tow artists the rivals, there is no doubt that the influence of Richardson did have its effect on Sullivan. However, as most of the critics agree, there is a considerable gap between the two architects. Taking the most evident features of his counterpart’s style, Sullivan nevertheless displayed negligence to the details that made Richardson’s great, and his creations so ma
Introduction An organization works with the help of various resources like people, physical infrastructure, and financial resources among others. As an outcome of the research done by the experts and researchers, various organizational theories have evolved that explain the behavior of the human resources and how they can be modified if, not controlled (www.organizationalbehaviours.com, 2009). Most of these studies are explanatory in nature and explain some behavior or incident that happened in an organization. Though such theories exist still due to changing dynamics of the nature of business and human capital; business and business world faces debacles and then theories are drawn to explain them. Some of such recent cases include that of Tyco Inc., Enron Inc., or the WorldCom. To understand how organizational theories could have helped forecast or explain such cases this paper takes up the case of Tyco Inc. Tyco Inc. and organizational theories Tyco is a business group that has grown with numerous mergers and acquisitions. The largest business unit for Tyco is its electronics division which manufactures items like connectors, and printed circuit boards. It also runs units like fire and security services, health care, and telecom. Tyco came under scanner in 1997 when it was incorporated in Bermuda, expressly to safeguard itself from the U.S. corporate tax net. Numerous mergers facilitated Tyco’s growth that enabled the company to enjoy complicated, but legitimate, tax avoidance plans (www.mgmtguru.com, 2009). Tyco’s accounting system could not inspire confidence and had an adverse effect on its stock prices. The acquisition of a financial services firm; CTI Group surfaced additional problems. It was disclosed at a later stage that a Tyco director received USD 10 Million in kickbacks to facilitate this acquisition, where the director held substantial stocks. This was a case of “insider trading”. Classical organizational theory l
Geology of Los Angeles Los Angeles boasts as one of the major cities in America. It is located on the pacific plate bordering the big bend of the SA fault. The city falls within the active fault of Western transverse Ranges. This means topographical changes are occurring around the city. Los Angeles in the past has experienced some natural disasters ranging from earthquakes to storms. Landslides and floods characterize some of the major disasters associated with the city. Several fossil deposits have been discovered around the city. Gradual classification and analysis of fossils date back to 1900. One of the well-known areas with fossil deposits is the La Brea Tar Pits. The pits or called Salt Creek are a source of more than 194 species of animals. The geological characteristics of the oilfields form a tourist attraction site. The tar pits are formed when oil deposits flow through fault fissures. With hot ground rocks, the high light part of the oil evaporates leaving the thick tar. The thick tar consolidates in pools forming the asphalt deposits. In the early years, asphalt remains were used in roofing and laminating fishing boats. During the excavation of the tar, animal bones or remains were discovered. The pioneer scientist to work in the tar field was Prof. J C Merriam. The University of California has capitalized on working on the archaeological site. The deposits recovered from the site are displayed at the Page Museum. Animal remains have shown that life around Los Angeles in the past 40 thousand years ago has not changed. Herbivorous and carnivorous remains found on the La Brae pits resemble those in the current state. Archaeologists have come up with generalizations of life then. These animal remains ended up here when they went hunting. The prey being chased by the predator got trapped by thick tar and died. Some of the fossils on display at the museum include smilodon californicus and C lupus furlong. Smilodon is one of the most common animals that were found in the pits. It is one of the saber-toothed predator animals of the cat family. The number of bones found there has gone beyond thousands thus representing thousands of a number of them in existence many years ago. Professor Merrian was one of the first archaeologists to discover it together with his students in the early 1930s. C lupus furlong is another fossil on display at the museum. The study of its remains has shown that the animal is classified in the group of gray wolves. The gray wolf is botanically called Canis lupus. It is recorded that in the period of Pleistocene, C lupus shared this zone with the group known as C dirus. C dirus is called in t
Introduction Appeasement is a term used in political and social spheres when dealing with diplomatic policies. The strategies involved in appeasement undertakings encompass political concessions with regards to an enemy in an attempt to avert potential conflicts. The term is widely used when referring to the foreign policy that defined the interaction between Neville Chamberlain of Britain and Adolf Hitler of German. It is especially used in reference to their engagements between 1937 and 1939. Chamberlain’s policy of appeasement was intentionally intended to avoid war with Germany. The strategy has triggered a series of debates for over seven decades among many scholars. It has attracted the attention of academicians, politicians, and diplomatic personnel. 1 In their evaluation, historians have adopted varied arguments, which range from condemnation to positive judgment of this strategy. There are those who have condemned Chamberlain for permitting Hitler to grow too strong. However, others have adopted a different perspective, congratulating him on the view that he did not have any other option. In addition, they believe that the policy served Britain’s interests very well. During the time, this diplomatic and political strategy was viewed by many as a positive move, especially with the signing of the Munich pact. In this paper, the author is going to analyze the book Hitler, Chamberlain, and Appeasement . The book is written by Frank McDonough. A critical review of the text reveals that the strategy may have triggered World War II and the associated holocausts. McDonough reveals that the appeasement altered the course of the war itself. Hitler imagined that through war, he would achieve his ambitions to rule the region and the world. In this book review, this author will analyze how McDonough creates a link between the policy and the war. The book is well written and provides an in-depth assessment of the issues taking place at the time. Hitler, Chamberlain, and Appeasement: Summary of the Book As already indicated, the book is written by Franklin McDonough. He makes efforts to critically review the positive and negative aspects of the appeasement policy. He utilizes a post revisionist theory by expounding on the works of other historians in this field. In addition, he counters the arguments made by those condemning this political strategy. In the book, he argues that the policy was good, but its implementation was the problem. For example, McDonough argues that Chamberlain made several errors in his judgments and decisions during the war. Such scenarios are what resulted in the failure of the policy. 2 McDonough argues that the policy of appeasement collapsed because Hitler was unappeasable. He was reluctant to adjust to the European balance of power that favored Germany. His desire, which may have been unguided, was to overthrow Britain and France. The two were the most powerful European nations at the time. In addition, McDonough argues that Hitler was undeterred. He wanted to engage in war, which he believed will help him achieve what he always
Introduction In common law judicial system adopted by the United States of America (USA), the move to suppress evidence is a common practice among legal practitioners. The move takes a number of courses. In most cases, the motion entails the use of a written request before a judge in whose court the case is under trial. The motion petitions the judge to restrain the prosecution from using specified pieces of evidence in proving their case. The basis for the exclusion of the evidence is provided for in the US Constitution (Samaha, 10). For the motions to succeed, the attorney representing the defendant must do various things. For example, the attorney must prove beyond any reasonable doubt that the process used in acquiring the evidence failed to comply with the laid down rules and procedures. The procedures used to collect evidence must adhere to the rules of evidence as indicated in the country’s constitution (Ingram, 37). It is, however, important to understand that there must be a law supporting the issue that the defense team has raised in order to suppress the evidence. Motion to Suppress Evidence First and foremost, the defense team would like to express its dissatisfaction with the manner in which the defendant was arrested. It is a fact that the police may have had reasons to believe that the defendant committed a felony following Jean’s statement. However, the court should note that when Molly was brought in for questioning, it was made known to her that she was not under arrest. As a result of this assurance by the police, the defendant voluntarily accepted the officers to question her without the benefit of her lawyer’s presence (Scheb & Scheb, 7). Following her statement to the police, the officers declared that Molly was under arrest and she was immediately taken to a cell. The police officers looking into the case arrested the defendant on baseless claims. Such claims are contrary to the guidelines put in place by the US constitution, which require the arresting officer to conduct a brief investigation prior to the arrest (Ingram, 37). In this case, it is a fact that no investigations were done prior to the arrest of the defendant. She was unlawfully tricked into giving incriminating information despite her prior request to have a lawyer present during the questioning. Having stated that the defendant was subjected to unlawful arrest, the defense would like to add that the interrogation conducted by the police was equally unlawful. The law states clearly that i
With the advent of social media in the last decade, as well as its fast growth, there has been great interest on its real value by those who wish to exploit it to further their personal, as well as public ventures. In this case, many authors have come up with varied compilations of the advantages, as well as the disadvantages of social media, in their quest to explore the real value of social media. All over the world, questions are being asked on how one can adopt social media to improve their social lives or to increase the productivity of their employees and profits for their organization (Jue, Jackie and Kassotakis 42). Others on the other hand are more concerned with the negative effects that social media may have on their businesses and are, therefore, looking for a solution to these negative effects, or something that will turn the negative effects into positive effects while maintaining the use of social media. This paper seeks to explore the advantages of social media, in relation to its application both in the social setting as well as in the business setting. This is to expose the real value of social media as it is used today in our social lives as well as in the workplace, so as to be able to fully exploit it. Previously the modes of communication were limited as there were only a few and unreliable or constrained modes of communication. Letters took days or even more than a week to get to the receiver depending on the distance. There were the more reliable phones and fax among others. These days it is easier to keep in touch with other people as ther
Socialization is the basis for forming a personality with knowledge and qualities that contribute to its productive functioning in society. Many social scientists, psychologists, anthropologists, and educators are studying this process. Moreover, each discipline considers certain aspects of socialization. The most important means of socialization is recognized language. Only by knowing it, a person can adopt cultural values, knowledge, and stereotypes of behavior. With the help of language is a process of making sense of the world around us and knowing yourself. Any language, accumulating the experience of people’s lives in all its completeness and diversity, is the absolute consciousness. Through the study of language, each newborn person gets access to the collective experience and joins the culture of his ethnic group. Ginny’s case is egregious in terms of parental work, or rather the lack thereof. By keeping the girl incarcerated for 13 years, her parents have eliminated any possibility of socialization for her. Throughout the rehabilitation process, I believe Ginny did her best to help the scientists. This is evident from their statements about the girl’s rapid progress. However, the neural connections were not strong enough to allow the rehabilitators to achieve the desired result. At that time, and with the capabilities of neuroscience, the girl was given exhaustive help. Child psychologists and linguists were invited to help her adapt. However, I believe that scientists could have made a more significant effort to prevent the child from returning to the home where she was traumatized. Also, they should not have allowed the mother to cut off her daughter’s contact with the only person who understands her, the linguistic doctor. This case demonstrated to science the challenge of restoring the literacy of an isolated child, and she is still looking for ways to do so.