ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Outline This paper takes a comprehensive discussion on the topic of substance abuse and domestic violence, how they are related and proposed remedies. It begins by taking on the background of the two problems with a keen emphasis on the corresponding characteristics particularly for substance abusers and how they cause domestic violence. Introduction Substance abuse refers to the misuse of a drug or any other chemical resulting in its dependence, leading to harmful mental and physical effects to the individual and the wellbeing of the society (Berry, 1998). The drugs or substance being abused may either be legal or illegal but their abusers keep pursuing a different state of mind. Dependence to the drug leads to addiction that essentially involves a craving to continue abusing the drug despite its negative consequences. Substance abuse may occur without dependence, especially at the onset as an individual gets hooked on the drug (Berry, 1998). Dependence involves physiological processes that engage body systems to accommodate the drug resulting in withdrawal symptoms. This takes sometime and may include behavioral changes as well, but substance abuse is a reflection of how the individual, the substance and society interact to sustain the habit. An individual hooked on substance abuse will most likely fail to accomplish social responsibilities in the family, at school and also at work. Domestic violence at home may involve battering between couples and lead to neglect of both matrimonial and parental responsibilities including abandonment of children. Abusers performance at school gets progressively diminished due to lack of concentration resulting from hangovers or the effects of the substances abused. Children born out of homes experiencing domestic violence ostensibly arising from substance abuse may adopt violent traits to deal with the problem including predisposition to taking up the habit altogether (Nicholls, 2007). Employees who abuse drugs neglect their duties and constantly not motivated leading to chronic absenteeism, boredom and rebellion. This could be attributed to the physiological consequences of the abused substances. These in the end affect their families financially and even morally as peace does not prevail and basic needs cannot be met. Substance abuse is usually characterized by the following; development of tolerance where an individual requires a continuous increase in dosage in order to have the same feeling (Winkel, 2007). There is also the withdrawal process that entails the procedure to withdraw from the substance often by taking another drug to suppress the withdrawal symptoms. In addition, the prolonged usage of the drug in excessive amounts occurs which actually defines addiction. A recurrent relapse to the habit of abusing the substance is a regular phenomenon to the addict who could be just trying to relieve the painful withdrawal symptoms. The tendency to continue abusing the drug even in higher doses despite experiencing adverse physical and psychological consequences is the ultimate state o
Introduction Cloning is the generation of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems or totally independent organisms from DNA. This article will discuss the latest developments, benefits and ethical and views as regards to cloning. Types of cloning There are three types of cloning. Molecular cloning involves use of DNA segments in areas of interest to produce specific products of DNA transcription and this has proven useful in recombinant DNA to produce many therapies like insulin, tissue plasminogen activator and erythropoietin. Cellular cloning involves use of somatic cells to produce a cell line identical to the original cell, and this can be used to produce therapies like those of molecular cloning. Blastomere separation is advanced in that reproductive cells are used
Introduction There are two fundamental commerce and trade sectors in the United Arab Emirates that make attract investors viz. the oil industry and the contracting business. As such, many people have a keen interest in understanding the country’s culture, leadership, business strategies, and other issues that surround commerce and trade. Therefore, this paper highlights how implementation of projects is done in the two aforementioned industries whereby it focuses on two different organizations that operate in the UAE. The first one is the Alec LLC, which is a construction company, and Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, which deals with exploitation of oil and gas. Contracting and Oil Industries About three decades ago, the United Arab Emirates was just one of the less developed countries in the world. Currently, the country has attained enormous economic growth that its income is equal to that of industrialized nations. The UAE did not progress gradually through the various stages of development that the developed countries have gone through to qualify as developed economies. The country rather depended on its resources especially oil hence to leapfrog from a developing nation to a developed country. Because of oil, the country has grown tremendously to gain an economic status that is comparable to the already developed economies of the world. The massive oil reserves allowed the country to leap development stages of high mass consumption. As a development tactic, the UAE has embraced the resource-based industries and this strategy is based on exploitation of the natural resources. Because of the exploitation of the natural resources, the vibrantly developing country has changed to increase the scope of business from oil exploitation to investment in property so that the country would no longer rely on oil alone. As such, a third fast growing business is the contracting industry. In the past decade, UAE has seen incredible growth of investors in property making the country an economic hub in Middle East and Asia. It is, therefore, no doubt that investors want a share of this booming economy. Abu Dhabi National Oil vs. Alec contractors Contracting industry is number three in growth after oil, and trade. The industry continues to increase exceptionally fast because there is enabling business environment. The industry contributes about 6% of the country’s gross domestic product hence making it an influential player in this business. Alec is a construction company that is based in Abu Dhabi, in the UAE. The company invests in the construction of property including transport and communication (roads, bridges etc), commercial buildings, real estate, plant construction and other various property development ventures. The company has in the past contribute
Abstract The instance in which the gross value of products and services imported from the state is lower than that of the goods and services exported from it is typically referred to as an account deficit (AD). High AD rates imply that the current economic strategy adopted by the state needs a redesign. In the United States, the AD rates have been comparatively high over the past few years, which should be viewed as a reason for concern. To address the problem, one should use all available opportunities to improve the environment in which the U.S. companies operate. By focusing on the issues that affect the economic performance of American companies, such as financial and technological opportunities, infrastructure, etc., one will be able to reduce the AD rates significantly. Current Account Deficit Rates in the U.S.: Statistics and Reasons The concept of account deficit (AD) is fairly simple. According to the existing definition, the term “account deficit” is used to describe the situation in which the value of the goods imported into the country is higher than that of the goods exported from it (Hay, 2013). There is no need to stress the fact that the phenomenon of AD is extremely harmful to the state economy because it increases government debt (Coughlin, Pakko, & Poole, 2016). Therefore, the introduction of measures that will help reduce the AD rates is crucial for the contemporary U.S. economy. At present, the AD rates are rather high in the United States. According to the latest statistical data, the difference between the imported and the exported products reached $119 billion in 2016 ( United States current account , 2016). One must admit, though, that the current situation can be viewed as positive compared to the economic environment of 2015 (Coughlin et al., 2016). The observed phenomenon can be explained by the fact that consumer spending rates are increasing, whereas economic growth can be viewed as steady at best. A large number of capital flows that the United States can attract, however, compensates for the losses that the economy suffers due to the poor AD rate. Furthermore, other aspects of state productivity that affect its competitiveness and the ability to participate in the international trade process successfully, exporting its goods and services, need to be considered as well (Eitemann, Stonehill, & Moffett, 2013). For instance, the specifics of the state infrastructure may need to be revisited and improved so that the processes related to production and trading could be enhanced significantly. Although the identified system might appear rather distant from the economic domain, it, in fact, has a direct impact on the U.S. economic progress. For example, with a poorly developed infrastructure, especially as far as the transportation issue is concerned, the process of products and raw materials delivery is likely to be hampered (Eitemann et al., 2013). As a result, the quality of services and products will drop immediately, and customers
What is the challenge I want to solve?   * A Mind-Reading Shopping Cart is a useful device for those who think that grocery shopping is a burden.   * The cart will provide information on the selected products as well as customer reviews so that the user knows what product is worth buying.   * Furthermore, the software will be able to warn the user about products that do not fit the user’s dietary standards.   * To avoid wasting time at checkout the cart the cart will be able to scan all purchases and accept digital payment. Professionals are essential when it comes to the development of the innovative product. The customer segments include busy moms, working class that has little time for shopping; the elderly that need help with grocery shopping. The key activities are the activities related to the development and production of the product as well as its distribution and marketing. In a digital age, key resources of product marketing are advertisements and social media. Shopping centers and grocery stores can be beneficial partners when it comes to such product. Software developers can add value by adding new options into the product. Costs that go towards the development of the product, web hosting for the corporate use. Marketing costs take the most.
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused adverse effects on household economies. Many people lost jobs, and businesses have since scaled-down production, went to recess, or even closed down in the recent past. This has reduced the household purchasing power to cater to their daily needs. The increased supply of services and goods has not changed the demand. Though prices have gone down, people have resorted to buying only what is necessary within their budget limits. Many people lost their source of livelihood. Families have been struggling to provide for their needs with meager pay. Covid-19 has and continues to claim lives, especially the elderly and people with other medical complications. These are the people who form a microeconomic power to influence markets and prices too. Their death reduces projected demand by firms to produce goods and services. This may be worse if they are the breadwinners of the families. This created a big gap in the supply chain, causing a surplus exceeding the customer base, opening the way for an imperfect market that leads to price fluctuations. Businesses on the receiving end suffered losses due to the high cost of production or goods being unable to enter the market that is already strained. In response to the pandemic, firms have resorted to reducing production costs, including laying off workers, cutting down other production lines, and supplying only what the household economic power can reach. Some companies decided to engage workers in shifts and pay them half their salary to cushion them from losing the whole pay. Others facilitated workers to work from their homes, but this cannot fully deal with the effects because certain lines of trade need physical interaction with the customers. Anticipated profitability cannot be realized since most firms are operating below the production capacity in fear of a reduced market due to household incapability to purchase even if price ceilings go down to rock bottom (Borgards et al., 2021). For example, Safaricom (K), after realizing this, through its corporate responsibility, subsidized its services and goods to more affordable levels, which forced its competitors to follow suit or otherwise lose their customers (Business Daily 2020). This shot down profitability that some workers lost jobs, and other affiliated stakeholders suffered too. The supply chain during the pandemic has been unpredictable following fluctuating market prices. Firms had problems in deciding how much to produce and at what prices to sell because people’s power to purchase was growing weaker every day. It forced some companies to scale down production or go on recess to line up with the weak demand in the market. This decision came to protect firms from incurring most costs that may not be fruitful in the long run. For instance, during this period, textile industries were affected since people directed their focus on necessities only. Buying new clothes stopped being a priority because old clothes can still serve the purpose. To the manufacturer, it is a hard time and uneconomical venture to produce new products without the market to sell. The hotel industry was the most affected when ho
The play “Oedipus the King” written by Sophocles is an example of classic ancient Greek tragedy, which includes all the key elements of its genre. The play is designed to trigger compassion and sadness in the audience. Traditionally the tragic plays by Ancient Greek authors depicted upper class and royalty in order to show the downfall of the characters that belong to higher society. The play “Oedipus the King” raises an eternal question about the existence of human destiny and the inevitability of fate. The characters face prophecies and mystical circumstances, fall under the influences and end up wrapped up into the tragic and irreparable experiences. The main characters of the play are the members of a royal family, the rulers of the city of Thebes, King Oedipus and his wife Jocasta. The king receives complaints from his citizens about their sufferings caused by the spreading plague. The play was written by the Ancient Greek author, this is why the participation of gods in it is essential. The gods are sending the sickness to the city because they are unhappy about what happened to the previous king of Thebes. King Laius was murdered, yet no one performed an investigation of this crime. In order to protect his city from the plague and please the gods, king Oedipus decides to find “the trace of this ancient crime” (128-129) and punish the murderer whoever that person is. Eventually, a chain of evidence and several witnesses help the king to conduct the investigation, but the information he uncovers is horrifying. Oedipus turns out to be the son of Lauis and Jocasta, the murderer of his own father, who married his mother and had children with her. Jocasta hangs herself after hearing this awful truth and Oedipus blinds himself and leaves the city of Thebes. There are several views on the events unwrapping in the play. King Oedipus is viewed as a victim of circumstances, who could not predict or control his actions. The murder of Laius was a result of a severe argument and Oedipus’ survival instinct. Then Oedipus became the king of Thebes because he saved its people from sphinx’s curse. He married the woman he liked. All of these were the deeds based on better intentions and reasonable decisions. There is no way Oedipus could expect that he was making a series of horrible mistakes. According to the second opinion, Oedipus was in charge of his own solutions and led himself into trouble. Truly, the murder of a stranger and marriage with the older lady are arguable decisions, and they could be avoided if only Oedipus knew what the outcome would be. This is why the third opinion states that Oedipus’ flawed character is the reason of his tragedy; his impulsive solutions lead to very bad consequences. The fourth point of view explores the question of bad luck happening to Oedipus, whic
The situation at hand involves implementing a health public policy. The government is committed to setting up a region-based center for the ex-mentally ill persons. The center is expected to create a window of opportunity for individual patients to make progress and live a significant life in the society and also fulfill individual goals. The project is supported by the interested parties, such as the community and alliance groups for the promotion of welfare. However, as the government prepares to implement the project, it is clear that there is difficulty in carrying out public consultation with the local community due to the public resistance experienced under the rally of an elected District Council member. Despite their satisfaction with the policy, the community request to locate the center in other places to avoid contact. From the analysis, it is apparent that the problem situation revolves around the difficulty of conducting public consultation with the local community. This can be attributed to improper realization of the network theme or lack of communication in policy implementation, leading to disagreements. As an officer responsible in the implementation strategy, I suggest integrating the network theme in executing the project. Since it is a health public policy, the implementation should involve collective effort from the government, the elected council members, health practitioners, legislative authorities, interest groups, and the community. We should challenge the government to rethink on the methods or strategies of carrying out public consultation. The government should be advised to consolidate efforts from the elected council members, the management advisory committee of the XX Public Housing Estate, and the community at large with the aim of having democratic governance. Attrition strategies and involving everyone is seen as the most effective strategies in dealing with the problem. These strategies will not require a lot of structural or policy reforms with financial and political costs. So long as every party is aware of the intention of the government, setting up the health center in the XX Public Housing Estate would be considered effective. Talking about network theme, I suggest that there is need to consider the interaction among the forces or parties that are involved. The health policy in this case is a vital project that covers everyone in the community; the people to be admitted in the training center are relatives or friends of the members of society. The major pitfall with implementation networks would be lack of trust between the government and the community. Advising the community on the success of similar projects in other Hong Kong regions would be our concern. The legislative bodies within the area are to be consulted to ensure that the policy is implemented. Through such bodies, rules can be enforced without any bias, ensuring that accessibility, reliability, and time frame of implementation are considered. Health care practitioners should be consulted to provide their views on the he
A decision-making process is of extreme significance for every company. It is the task of the manager to analyze, evaluate, and, sometimes, predict the development of the situation to make a proper decision. The ability to make decisions is a challenging task as far as there are always several options. Every choice can affect the overall performance of the company. There are particular groups of questions that any manager should always take into consideration before making the decision. This paper will examine the significance of these issues and the way they can influence the firm’s performance. The first question refers to the examination of economic conditions. Market structure, supply, demand, and technologies belong to this group. The evaluation of economic conditions in the particular market is significant for understanding the general situation in the sphere. Besides, the manager studies the economic conditions within the market from three perspectives. A supply-based perspective provides insight for comprehending the competitiveness and possible collaboration in the market taking into consideration particular supply features. Customers’ attitudes belong to the demand-based perspective while technologies — to environmental-based perspective (Shankar, Carpenter and Hamilton 62). The case study of the cellular phone industry exemplifies the way these factors influence the development of the business. Thus, together with AT&T, Apple manufactured iPhone. Such a decision demonstrates a supply element. From the customers’ attitudes, it was clear that they considered iPhone as a device for entertainment. 3G and 4G technology facilitated the rapid development of the product popularity. The second task of the manager is to analyze the place of the firm in business. This aspect presupposes the definition of price and outcome level the company should possess to become competitive in the niche. The manager should start from the evaluation of financial resources of the organization. As a result, he or she will be able to define cost structure of the company on different levels of the output (Hill, Jones and Schilling 110). Also, it is significant to conduct the analysis of the competitive advantage of the company and its primary competitors. This action assists in finding the most relevant competitor and directing the firm’s development of the particular c
We live in time when the validity of a number of formerly valid social and cultural conventions is being increasingly undermined by the actual realities of a post-industrial living. The soundness of this suggestion can be explored in regards to Gillian Ranson’s book Against the grain: couples, gender, and the reframing of parenting , concerned with exposing the actual motivations behind the process of parental practices in Canada undergoing a drastic transformation. According to the author, during the course of a recent decade, more and more Canadians have been growing deviated from what are supposed to be their biologically predetermined roles in parenting. Ranson refers to this transformation in terms of: “Reduction in the gendered allocation of responsi­bility for earning and caring (parental) work” (2010, p. 9). Whereas, not long ago it was considered the exclusive responsibility of wives to take care of young kids, with providing to the family having been assumed to be the solemn responsibility of husbands, this is being no longer the case nowadays. In her book, Ranson discusses such a ‘parental shift’ as being essentially beneficial to children’s well-being. I, on the other hand, do not share author’s optimism, in this respect, as there are a number of tangible reasons to think that the earlier mentioned ‘parental shift’ necessarily results in lessening the extent of gender differentiation between parents – hence, making them more susceptible to a divorce. In the next part of this paper, I will aim to substantiate the validity of my suggestion at length. According to Ranson, the foremost beneficial effect, produced by Canadian ‘progressive’ parents’ willingness to consider execut