ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Glen Loury is an American author and a champion of civil rights movement. He is widely recognized for his role on the attempts to re-focus the civil rights movement. Martin Luther king Jr. is an American activist, leader, and a clergyman. He is widely recognized for his African-American Civil Rights Movement (King, 2010). Douglass (1852) is an American writer, social reformer, and orator. Together with King (2010), Douglass pressed the grievances and demands of blacks to the American Nation. In this paper, Loury’s argument is different from those of Douglas and King when they all pushed for civil America (Douglass, 1852; King, 2010). Loury addressed the challenge to liberals and conservatives that was in the spirit of Martin Luther King, Jr. He focused on the struggle for freedom and equality among the Central Americans. Some of the issues that Loury championed for include the unfulfilled hopes, social pathologies, competing visions, ideological barrier, political quagmire, needed commitment, one ingredient for progress, permanent victims, double standards, wrong of the past, self fulfilling prophecy, societal paradox, and profound tragedy (Loury, 2010). Loury (2010) found it difficult to sell the idea of self help and reliance among the black because of the opposition he received within the black community, his black critics claimed that his arguments were instrumental in serving the interest of those who were plotting for ways of marginalizing the poor blacks. Lorry was limited and greatly agonized the wastage of human potential in the ghetto (Loury, 2010). He only had ideologies that were not enough to be put into action without the government’s implementation (Lorry, 2010). Douglass rhetorical strategy was similar to Martin Luther King’s. He focused on ways of pricking the conscience of the White Americans for their tolerance of slavery and the racial cast in America. Among the problems Douglass faced in his quest for liberation was slavery (Douglass, 1852). He managed to escape from slavery in Maryland to Massachusetts where he became one of the most popular orators of the North Abolitionist Movement. Through oratory, he managed to concur the minds of blacks to the realization of equity and fair treatment (Douglass, 1852). Martin Luther King Jr. was best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights, being a clergyman he passed his message on abolition of slave trade, racism, and eradication of racial segregation and slavery through preaching and crusades. He also wrote manuscripts (King, 2010). It is also worth noting that at one time King experienced great difficulty in completing the manuscript of Stride Towards Freedom: The Montgomery Story . In writing this book King had to rely upon assistant from many other people. The people boycotted working on the book because of boycott movement that was currently going on. Martin Luther also e
Strategic Positions Alibaba’s strategy involves global expansion and the provision of cheap Chinese products to customers worldwide. This type of strategy provides direct connection between the buyer and the seller. The main environmental opportunities and threats for Alibaba are the situation in the global labor market, the relationship with the Chinese government, and the activities of global competitors. One of the greatest weaknesses of Alibaba is its waiting times, which could exceed 20-30 days. In addition, Alibaba is more prone to fraud. Cheapness and relative quality of goods remain the platform’s strongest points. “Customers first, employees second, investors third.” – is the motto of Alibaba. The main cultural factors involve the widespread corruption in the Chinese society, the Chinese labor force, and the national loyalty of the Chinese customers. The company can retain its domestic market. Strategic Choices Business units within the same company should compete without affecting the company’s output in a negative way. They should force one another to evolve, in order to achieve the best result possible. Alibaba’s structure allows for almost any company to compete using the site’s platform. Nevertheless, the businesses to be included in a portfolio should have a good reputation. In order to compete successfully, Alibaba should reach out for large foreign markets. The EU and the US present an opportunity for international competition. Alibaba has not been innovating appropriately. Despite existing in the domestic market for a long while, the company did not invest in a private delivery system, unlike JD. Establishing one’s own brand in a foreign market from scratch is a lengthy and risky process. Alibaba should seek to purchase domestic brands in foreign countries. Strategy in Action As it stands, the strategies used by Alibaba have led to subsequent losses, caused by the rising competition, the decrease in the Chinese domestic market growth, and the rise of other competitors, both domestically and abroad. Strategies need to be changed. The process of strategy-making is a complex issue. Alibaba should utilize the available tools, such as SWOT, Porter’s Five Forces, PESTLE, and other systems to determine the direction of their strategy. The main organizational structures and systems to facilitate change in the company strategy are the directorial board, the analytics team, the HR department, and all other departments likely to undergo changes to make them more competitive. The management of changes should be prepared and performed by the HR department, which could use transformational and transitional leadership to do so. According to the caustic HR strategy model, the company should determine the overall strategy, the HR department is supposed to facilitate changes, and the managers in places should help reform their respective departments to fit the new model. Strategy’s Three Main Branches Context The industry of internet retail is geographically divided, as the deli
Introduction Effective leadership largely defines the development of the company. At present, business leaders contribute significantly to the development of communities. Philanthropic activities of successful entrepreneurs and business leaders are becoming a norm. However, these activities are still regarded as separate areas that have a weak connection with more conventional business activities. Leadership is often analyzed in terms of its impact on the business world, but larger contexts are somewhat neglected. For instance, the leadership style of such well-known figures as Ferdinand Porsche or Henry Ford is often considered within the scope of their business activities and strategies. Such people as Warren Buffett or Mark Zuckerberg are mainly discussed within the domain of their philanthropic activities. However, these two areas, business and social, are closely linked, so leadership should be analyzed in terms of these two aspects. In order to answer the question of whether a leader is good or bad, it is critical to analyze their business and social input. This paper includes a brief analysis of the leadership styles of Warren Buffett and Ferdinand Porsche as well as answers the question of whether they can be regarded as good or bad leaders. Porsche’s Leadership Style Biographical Data Ferdinand Porsche is famous for his engineering talent and search for innovation. He developed the first hybrid vehicle, Lohner-Porsche, which earned him worldwide fame and recognition. He was a talented inventor who was passionate about the automotive industry. Ferdinand was born in 1875 to a family of a mechanic who lived in the Austrian Empire at that time. In 1893, the young man started working for a Vienna-based electrical company, Brown Boveri (“Ferdinand Porsche biography,” 2015). Porsche attended some courses at the Imperial Technical University in the late 1890s, but he never completed his formal education. Eventually, the innovator was granted an honorary doctorate degree from this educational establishment in 1917. Porsche had quite a remarkable career path as he moved from a worker to a managerial position. In 1931, in the position of technical manager and executive board member, he left Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft he had been working for, from 1923 to build his own business. His company was successful due to the innovative approach and the owner’s perfectionist attitude (Wimmer & Muni, 2012). Under his supervision, the carmaker created vehicles that are still regarded as iconic. In collaboration with his son, Porsche introduced sports cars that became hits (“Ferdinand Porsche biography,” 2015). The founder of one of the most renowned carmakers died in 1951. Leadership in Business and Social Contexts Ferdinand Porsche’s leadership style can be
Product market The product market for the flip-flops product within the UAE exists under the generic market for footwear products. The estimated product market size is six million people since the total population in UAE is 8.4 million. Since the flip-flops product can be used by everyone, the product market is 70% of the total human population in the UAE. Market segments The product market for the flip-flops product within the UAE can be segmented into five sections as summarised in the table below. Market segment         Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The young digerati     This segment consists of the young people, especially from teenage to early thirties, who love trendy footwear. This segment has low expenses, but with discretionary income and are very much interested in fashionable footwear such as the flip-flops product. This group consists of 17% of the UAE population. The celebrity segment  This segment consists of celebrities from different fields such as sports, entertainment, and business. They have the ability to purchase customised footwear brands such as the proposed flip-flops. The group forms almost 6% of the UAE population.                                                              The aged segment       This segment consists of old people who are in need the comfortable flip-flops footwear because of weak foot muscles. The elderly population consists of 20% of the total population. However, this segment does not consider fashion trend as the main determinant factor when purchasing comfortable footwear.    The home user segment  The home user segment consists of customers who use flip-flops footwear on a daily basis, especially in the evening in their houses. This segment requires comfortable footwear to use while they are indoors. This segment forms the majority of potential customers in the UAE.                                    (Source: Lambert, 2010) Target markets, objectives, and strategy From the above segmentation analysis, the flip-flops product will target the young digerati and home user customers since they are the majority. The objective of the business will be to penetrate the flip-flops market in the UAE through provision of fashionable, comfortable, affordable, and quality footwear. The business will accentuate on customer satisfaction and affordability as a strategy for upholding its position as the preferred supplier of the flip-flops product (Lambert, 20
Introduction Race is a most important factor which determines social, cultural and economic life of a person and community. San Jose, California, is one of the places which introduced different diversity programs on the local level which help to eliminate national and cultural differences, and create a healthy social environment. A major concern of social thinking is to identify the nature of these relations and to trace their social and political effects. In recent years the understanding of race has been changed, because as a collective sentiment, race needs to be upheld and reaffirmed. Thesis Racial differences and inequality does not play a crucial role in human relations and distribution of income in my region because of effective and successful social programs and multicultural approaches introduced by the local government. Discussion Section San Jose is a large multinational community (population – 953,679). Critics admit that San Jose is one of the best examples of ethic diversity which does not have a great impact on the life of citizens and their social status. As a Serbian, I do not experience racial segregation or discrimination faced by many immigrants around the USA. Members of my community do not look like me coming from different backgrounds: Asian immigrants, blacks and Hispanics, Russians and Lithuanians, etc. They differ by national and cultural traditions, color of skin and eyes, figure and character. As a Serbian, I do not differ greatly from white Americans in terms of color of skin or eyes, but the only difference is an accent and lack of cultural knowledge. The leaders of my community treat people like me the same way as Americans and other immigrants who live in San Jose. I can say that they employ special programs and social support for those who are different in order to help them socialize and assimilate (Fredrickson 2001). National and racial diversity of San Jose helps to eliminate racial segregation and discrimination. Race encourages the development of self-consciousness and presents it as worthwhile. Although on some occasions they focus upon a past splendor, they always promise a better future and advocate regeneration (Gilroy, 1993). It is important to note that even if in contrast to a concept of a nation, race does not belong to a particular country (some countries, a part of the world, a continent), and geographical boundaries are not clearly identified, a particular race represents cultural peculiarities of its representatives. In this case, race can be defined as a multinational unity with similar cultural background (including philosophy, religion, customs, etc.). Race gives strength and resilience to individuals in so far as it reflects their own identification with an entity (the race) that transcends them in a broad context. As for me, I share the opinion that the concept of race is culturally constructed and influenced by a cultural peculiarities more than by genes (Merriam et al 2007). The work manuals do not contain a lot of information about Serbians and their national traditions, but they contain information about East European identity and nationalities. The local media rep
There was a time in the history of the United States when all of its citizens were religious in mind and heart. Even in the present age, the majority of Americans can still be considered religious because they believe in God, and they are connected to a church, congregation, or synagogue. However, the present intensity of devotion and strict adherence to religious laws and traditions are nowhere near the lethe vel exhibited by pious men and women centuries ago. Stories about migrants from Europe who came to this land seeking a place to practice a more serious brand of Christianity fill history books. Tales about the exploits of the Puritans are sometimes difficult to believe. But one thing is for sure, believers in that era allowed their religion to affect every fabric of society. This high level of devotion was made evident in works of art and literary works. There were writers who used their talent to inspire others to the will of God. There were also writers who used their talent to question the level of fanaticism that has created more harm than good. Shirley Jackson belongs to the latter group. The Plot The story did not have a clear beginning as far as conventional stories go. The ending came abruptly, demonstrating a mastery of the short story genr,e that can be comparable to the works of Edgar Allan Poe. The story talks about the lottery. The purpose of a lottery is to pick a winner. The participants are immersed in the lottery experience that for a moment, the readers are made to think that there is an amazing prize waiting for the lucky winner. The author also convinces the readers that the lottery is an important part of the lives of the villagers. But it is important for a different reason. The lottery is part of a tradition that stretches back to many generations. Just before the, climax, a major clue has been revealed – th,at the prize for being picked the winner is something that must be dreaded by all. It turns out that the lottery is a mechanism used to punish the guilty and to appease the gods. There is no clear indication which religion is practiced by the people. But the use of the lottery alludes to a famous story i,n the Bible when Jonah’s ship encounters a storm; the crew decides to draw lots to determine who among the passengers has drawn the ire of the gods. The purpa ose of the lottery is revealed by Old Man Warner when he made a quick reply to the idea of abolishing the lottery, and he said: “Used to be a saying about ‘Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon’” (Jackson, p.1). It is a religious tradition comparable to the practices of pagans – to assure of a bountiful harvest. This explains why the villagers are willing to kill a person that they have known for a long time. They cannot afford a drought or any form of the pestilence that can endanger their crops and their livelihood. Setting The story is devoid of other important details, but the author specifies the exact date and exact location. The year is unknown, but it is clea
Introduction Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It is one of the major global causes of death among children despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. This paper aims to examine measles as a disease comprehensively but in regard to its vaccines. Pathophysiology of Measles Measles is caused by an RNA virus containing 1 serotype. The virus is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family (CDC, 2019). Human beings are the sole natural host of the virus. The virus is exceedingly communicable, as it has a secondary attack rate of 90% among susceptible individuals who have been exposed (CDC, 2019). Communicability commences four days before and continues through the four days after the rash appears. However, its communicability ceases when the rash starts to desquamate. Measles is spread through secretions produced in the nose, throat, and mouth during the early eruptive phase. Therefore, the transmission is mainly airborne in which the secretions are discharged by a cough and remains airborne for some time, thus can be inhaled. Groups at Risk Measles is a common disease in several parts of the world which including Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the Pacific. However, the virus is not prevalent in the United States. Therefore, most measles cases in the U.S. are a consequence of international travel (CDC, 2019). This is facilitated when travellers who are infected in other countries spread the virus to individuals who have not been vaccinated, thus not protected against measles. Therefore, overall, any individual who is not vaccinated is at risk of getting infected. Recommended Vaccination Schedule According to CDC (2019), the recommended measles vaccination schedule varies among ages. For instance, infants that are 6-11 months old are required to have a single dose of the vaccine when travelling internationally. Moreover, in the United States, it is a requirement for children to receive 2 doses of measles vaccination upon attaining the age of 12-15 months. The doses have to be separated by a minimum of 28 days. Lastly, infants that are vaccinated before reaching 12 months must be revaccinated on or following the first birthday with 2 doses. The doses have to be separated by a minimum of 28 days. Adolescents who have never received a vaccination
Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, has been adapted into different films after its original publication in 1623. In 1948, Orson Wells adapted the tragedy Macbeth into a film by making numerous changes perhaps to fit in the cinematic themes of the time. However, the play communicates the meaning of the text in a better way as compared to the film by Orson Wells. This paper explores this assertion. In the film, Orson dwells on Act 2, Scene II where Macbeth kills the king. However, Orson fails to bring out the real traits of the involved characters and especially Lady Macbeth and her husband, Macbeth. In the play, Macbeth is panic-stricken when he emerges holding daggers after killing the king. This aspect underscores the seriousness of the crime he has just committed. However, in the film, Macbeth comes out not as terror-stricken as the audience would expect. In addition, in the film, he does not even speak to his wife and he simply cleans his hands without showing any remorse or panic ( Macbeth ). This scenario is not expected of a person who has just murdered a king in cold blood. In the film adaptation, perhaps Orson tries to embolden Macbeth because he is a man and men are supposed to show courage and boldness. However, this perception defeats the essence of the play. The play, Macbeth, is supposed to be a tragedy where the characters involved, especially Macbeth and his wife, are abnormal. In this case, women are supposed to be strong and courageous while men are supposed to be frightened to underscore the tragedy that has befallen society. In the play, Lady Macbeth comes out as a more logical and stronger person as compared to her husband. As Macbeth wonders on what to do after killing the king coupled with swearing not to go back to the room, Lady Macbeth shows some logic by holding that the daggers should be returned to the room. After Macbeth refuses to return the daggers, she takes responsibility by accomplishing the task by herself. Macbeth cannot even take the initiative of cleaning up in a bid to conceal his heinous murder (Shakespeare 23). Again, Lady Macbeth shows logic by leading her husband to another room in a bid to clean up and avoid any suspicion. However, in the movie, roles are inverted and Lady Macbeth seems more frightened as compared to Macbeth. As aforementioned, the motive of the film is perhaps to highlight the 20 th century perceptions concerning the role of women and men in the society concerning masculinity and chauvinism. However, Shakespeare lived at a time when chauvinism was prevalent and thus he wanted to question such beliefs through the tragedy of Macbeth. Therefore, the film misses the point of the original context of the play in the quest to fit into the cinematic themes of the time. In conclusion, Orson’s film adaptation of the tragedy Macbeth robs it of its uniqueness. Shakespeare’s main theme was to question societal issues like chauvinism and the place of women in society. During his time, women were disrespected and their role