ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
For a society to function properly, its members should endeavor to engage in the right conduct at all times. However, for this to happen people must have a way of determining what the right conduct is in a given situation. To help answer this question, philosophers have over the years developed some moral theories that can be applied to determine right and wrong behavior. One philosopher who has made a contribution to the field of moral philosophy is Adam Smith. A major argument made in his moral theory is that we can only make objective moral judgments by detaching ourselves from our emotions. I think that Smith is right in making this argument. To begin with, emotions do not always guarantee that a person will make a judgment that is beneficial to the entire society. When under the influence of emotions, a person might make a decision that is driven by fear, anger, or euphoria. Such a judgment will be in reaction to the feelings that the person has at the particular instance. It will be a subjective moral decision that is likely to be detrimental to most members of the society. If the person is able to detach himself/herself from his/her emotions, he/she can avoid making the subjective judgment. Instead, the person will make use of logic and this will ensure that his/her judgment will take into consideration the good of the entire society. I think that Smith is right because his approach gives people an opportunity to rely on the well-established general rules of morality. Such rules have been established over time and their soundness can be guaranteed as they have been used by the society successfully for a long time. When a person allows his/her emotions to drive his/her moral decision making, he/she can ignore the well-established general rules of morality. The judgment made will therefore fail to benefit from the input of past experiences. Considering how personal behavior is driven by personal gain and selfishness, the decision made using emotions will not foster harmony in the society. Following Adam Smith’s theory of detaching ourselves from our emotions, the individual will make use of the well-grounded moral values of the society. This rational approach will yield moral judgments that contribute to individual welfare and social harmony. Finally, Smith’s argument considers that for a decision to be moral, it must be just. This justice can only be achieved if a person adopts an impartial stance when making the judgment. Achieving impartiality is especially hard when one is dealing with emotions. The emotions distract a person from critically reviewing the issue at hand. For this reason, people tend to make biased decisions when they are experiencing intense emotions about something or somebody. Such kind of decisions will not be just since they are subjective in nature. Smith’s m
Introduction At this time, when the global community is puzzled by the uncertainty of what is going to follow the pandemic, support and unity have never been as important. The aging population has been subjected to particular challenges related to the implementation of social isolation policies that prevent the gatherings of people. This means that many elderly individuals have been living in loneliness for prolonged periods as exposing them to the outside world is risky because of their vulnerable health status. The risk for death with COVID-19 is significantly more considerable in older people because of the reduced strength of the immune system and the presence of an accompanying condition that exasperate the impact of the virus on the organism. The good news is that modern technologies have presented a way of relieving the burden of social isolation and connecting people to facilitate communication and help them overcome the anxiety of being alone without any support. During the current project, the focus was placed on providing a short-term intergenerational loneliness intervention among sheltering older adults. While it is essential to keep such individuals engaged in communication to keep them away from negative thoughts, it was also important to question them about their emotional and physical health needs. The findings of the interviews with older adults were expected to illuminate the key issues that the target population is currently facing to determine the steps needed to facilitate the improvement of their life quality, the quality of the services associated with aging, and caregiving, as well as the overall social expectations. This paper reflects on the interview conducted with one of three participants with unique perspectives on life and aging. The interviewee has provided a point of view on her current situation, which is invaluable for future service improvement and the overall practice. Reflections The Reality of Aging, Desires, and Expectations The desires and expectations associated with aging usually differ from reality. The answers that my mother gave to the question regarding this issue were somewhat surprising because she said that nothing excited her about aging. Such a perspective on the aging process means the individual has some emotional struggles associated with getting older. She mentioned expecting to be financially independent, have a happy family, and travel regularly. While such dreams are very positive and present a good outlook on life in general, reaching them is challenging for an older person. Significant levels of emotional and even monetary support are needed to ensure that an older adult with broad aspirations lives an accomplished life that is full of new experiences. In my opinion, my mother has a different perspective on aging compared to others as some of her views are somewhat unrealistic. Compared to my godfather, who approaches every day at a time, my mother indicated that she hoped not to age the same way in which other people did. Such a perspective seems somewhat
Introduction The performance of employees in an organization is influenced by the work atmosphere and organizational culture that values the input of the individuals in the workplace. According to Bowen and Ostroff (2004), the expectation of many employees is to have a good work environment. For instance, a safe, healthy and friendly environment aids in bringing the best out of the employees, and it is a core element of job satisfaction. The friendly environment can be achieved by the organization’s human resource manager’s putting in place an HR policy that balances all the processes of the organization. For example, a clear framework for managing disputes, development of public relations, and effective communication. The factors are crucial in the creation of efficient work teams which enhance the performance of an organization. In the case of the pharmacists at a tertiary hospital in the Gulf Region, there are challenges that affect the execution of their mandates as desired. For example, communication dilemmas, disputes, incentives and organizational culture challenges are the major impediment to the performance of the pharmacy. The following paper applies congruence model, an organizational-wide level model to determine how the fit or lack of it between the elements affect the organization with the key focus on pharmacy practice and management. Overview of the challenges in the Pharmacy An organization cannot achieve a motivated team without good human resource management practices that motivate the employees in order to promote the work satisfaction. A critical analysis of the work dynamics of pharmacists at the tertiary hospital in the Gulf Region shows that there are challenges in the work processes. This is due to many issues that the pharmacists face ranging from leadership, employee relationships, communication, use of technology and compensation. Ideal work environment plays a critical role in ensuring optimal performance of the employees. The work environment in the organization is not conducive. There is no good fit between the pharmacy department and other departments and as a result, cases of drug shortages are reported. Even though the pharmacists blame it on technology failure in which sometimes they have to bypass the barcodes, it is clear that there is no good leadership to coordinate the departments in order to ensure that IT systems are working as required. This signifies the lack of effective communication which affects the general performance of the organization. It lowers the motivation of the pharmacists to deal with unsatisfied patients. Also, there are challenges of workload especially during the peak hours where many customers have to wait for long to be served. The other problem relates to the cooperation between employees. Therefore, there is the need to look for means to address the challenges that pharmacists face in their line of duty. The shortfalls can be related to inadequacies in factors such as supervision
Functionalism and the primary ways that it looks at society and culture From the point of view of functionalist perspective, every social phenomenon only exists because it performs a particular function in a certain society. In such a way, as the society develops, some regional, social, cultural, and political phenomena cease to exist (Isajiw 34). In the theoretical framework of the functionalist approach, it is also reasonable to suggest that the best way to eliminate some negative features of the modern society is to understand what function they perform and find the alternative that can also satisfy that need. However, it is also important to note that there are a number of rather controversial social and cultural phenomena. They are not only hard to interpret but also complex in terms of understanding their underlying function. Among such societal behaviors, tendencies, and deviations, there are such phenomena as drug abuse and various other destructive behaviors. In the modern context, there are different opinions regarding whether those phenomena have their function in the contemporary society as well, why they affect particular social groups, and how those behaviors can be managed. Reaction to the video The Rendezvous by Rob Cantor is a controversial music video on many levels. The main objective of this video was to undermine social taboos and to make viewers uncomfortable. First of all, the way, in which the video is filmed creates among the viewers the impression that they are observing parts of some people’s private lives that should not be seen (Cantor “The Rendezvous”). Alongside the feeling of awkwardness, it also makes viewers a little appalled and revolted. On one hand, there is nothing wrong in the relationships of two adults with an age gap. However, on the other hand, the circumstances, in which, the characters of the video meet, the way they behave, the fact that an elder woman abuses drugs in front of the young man, create and impression that their actions are somewhat immoral. Reasons for such reaction to the video In the framework of functionalism, our moral judgment towards behaviors shown in the video also has its specific function. Such behaviors as drug abuse and unprotected sex are self-destructive. The social taboos in the modern culture were developed in order to protect the majority of people from such phenomena in order for them to survive and maintain a functional society. The actions that, for most of the viewers appear to be immoral, together with the undignified behaviors shown in the video, in a way, it can be even offensive for those who watch the video. In terms of functionalism, the ‘moral compass’ that indicates for the majority of people that such behaviors are ‘wrong’ is a protective mechanism from self-destructive actions. The modern culture, in many ways, disapproves of older people showing negative behaviors to the younger generation, as the woman in the video who abused drugs in front of a relatively young ma
The human right awareness in the world has taken a quite interesting shape in the attempt to achieve sisterhood and recognize women rights as human rights. This has been a subject of debate and extensive criticism as it is perceived as having potential to “homogenizing the issues that might be different to different women. There is also the risk of universalizing feminist ideas that are practiced in the western countries and use them to solve the problems facing all women around the globe. Societal development and political maturity of a society is currently appraised by the extent the women rights are being enforced. In my opinion, is support that women problems should not at all be homogenized or feminist ideas universalized because the problems of women are not similar around the world and different women take different course in addressing their problems. The issue of women rights has brought about hot debates in the world especially regarding veil put by Muslim women and other issues like polygamy. As presented in this essay, the issue of veil which is a discursive issue in the world is discussed as described by Leila Ahmed. Leila Ahmed tries to seek the discourse about women and gender in the Islamic has emerged and exploring what is the root cause of such debates in current worlds. She seeks from the debate whether the Islamic culture and societies are really oppressive to women. Te center of her concern was the discourse of veil where women in the Islamic societies were required to appear in veils and other clothing that are connected to the Islamic traditions. The mail question that lingered in her mind is whether the issue of veil and the traditional clothing was meant to boost pure Islam favoring both sexes or otherwise. Ahmed first focuses on the gender pattern in the Middle East prior to the emergence of the Islam in order to gain ground to describe the Islamic doctrine on women that were practiced in the past. She describes how the Arab societies propagated the debates about women and gender within the Islamic societies that have become so prevalent in the world today. She explores the issue of women and gender both in Islamic contexts, social and also the historical background. She conducts an extensive study of debates and ideologies about women within the Islamic societies and demonstrates how the debate is so prevalent in the current world. She advocated tat unveiling women could be a great step to transforming the social status of the Islamic societies. His survey acted as a strong onset of the feminism within the Arab culture. According to Ahmed (23), Muslim men and women have expended a lot of effort in the attempt to discard the veil from their culture but others believe that the veil is important for feminist struggle. She demonst
Introduction This paper answers the questions drawn from the case study on hazardous chemical containment. The case study is taken from chapter nine of the book, Chemistry of Hazardous Materials, fifth edition, authored by Eugene Meyer. Brief Priority and Action Lists of what to be done Being an Environmental Health and Safety professional, I must make use of the shipping documents that contain the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG2008). I must ensure that this document is always with me. The site of an orange placard impels me to check through the 62 individual guides in the ERG2008 for the exact guide of Class 4 label code and a number UN 1836 on the placard and first identify what chemical it must be for it is this identification that will inform my next move. I will then consider who or which property is at risk, which in this case is the agricultural field. Having experienced the slight but steady wind blowing across the site I sense the danger that the spill may cause to the agricultural field and resolve to take action (Meyer, 2009). Given the Class 4 status of the spillage and the proximity of the irrigating spraying pumps, I advise my headquarters to make an emergency call notifying the responsible agency to contact the field management to stop the spraying. I will also call for help from my headquarters to dispatch the hazardous material team to rush to the scene and help me contain the situation. Meanwhile, I stay at a safe distance but remain vigilant to warn people who may advance to the site and display a White NFPA diamond to warn them (ERG, 2008). Restraints to be exercised As a professional, I will avoid the temptation of rushing into the site before getting the full knowledge of the chemical. The reasonisg, I protect myself from the danger of getting involved in an avoidable accident. It will be therefore important for me to restrain from advancing to the site without proper protective clothing Secondly, since there is a steady wind blowing across the accident scene, I will position myself in the direction from which the wind blows to avoid inhaling the chemical toxics. Moreover, I will try to prevent people who are not trained to handle hazardous chemicals from getting closer to the scene. Advice to Individuals and Drivers coming upon the scene Having placed the White NFPA diamond, first, I will assume that they understand the meaning, or rather, the warning that the scene is dangerous. However, if I realize that they do not take heed of the warning, I will try to explain to them the danger of getting closer to the site of the accident owing to the spillage from the tanker. I will advice both drivers and pedestrians to use alternative routes to get to their destinations or wait until the scene is cleared. Some peop
Introduction Lobbying is a political technique to influence the government. It is the attempt of the individuals to influence the votes of legislators, normally in the lobby outside the legislative chamber. It is concerned with the activities of private interest groups, which are known as pressure groups. Sometimes, even public officials will attempt to indulge in lobbying mainly to influence the drafting of public policy by other officials. Thus, lobbying “engages a favored position in the constitutional system since it is essential to the perpetuation of self-government. Lobbying activity centers on the legislative activity of a free and democratic society. In US v Rumelly[1], it was held by US Supreme Court that lobbying should be understood in its generally acknowledged sense as a demonstration made directly to the Congress, its committees and its members. While defending the constitutional legitimacy of a lobbying law, Supreme Court in US v Harris[1] buttressed its re-analysis of the narrow scope of the law. (Johari 395). The lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 was enacted to offer for the disclosure of lobbying activities, which aimed to manipulate the Federal Government policies. The main objective of this law was to plug the loopholes that existed in the previous lobbying law which authorized some categories of lobbyists to shun registering and for inconsistent and ineffective reporting of those who did register. LDA also defined how legislative and executive branch officials were covered and which lobbying activities were authorized and, which were not. According to article in Economist in 2006, the number of registered lobbyists in Washington has doubled to over 35000 over the last five years. Political conversation in the US is often pelted with harsh references to “special interest “or lobbying. These lobbying or special interest groups are planned groups that engage in vigorous political roles , either through lobbying government officials in an endeavor to influence public policy or legislation or through making political contributions. These lobbying groups are more powerful as they are having millions of dollars at their disposal. The main question is whether this dirty money corrupts the American political system, that is, whether the legislators are giving more priority to their sponsors or donors and lobbyists than they are responding to the will of average citizens? Analysis Jack Abramoff was an erstwhile producer of B movies. During the 1980s, Abramoff took a short break from politics and engaged in writing and pr
Introduction In a number of the Gulf countries, the process of westernization has been incorporated at a rapid pace (Azzam & Rettab 2013). This leads to several outcomes that are of interest to the author of the current research. The central focus of this research project is the increasingly competitive growth of the cereal market in the UAE, particularly Dubai (Al Qaydi 2014). The concept of competitive growth of the cereal market in this area depends on some critical things that have to be addressed within this business project (Pirani & Arafat 2016). The rationale for research on the topic of cereal market in the UAE is based on the fact that this market segment expands every year, and it may be necessary to come up with a correct outline of expectations and predictions before addressing the possibilities of extending the market and introducing finger millet cereal. The importance of this research lies in the creation of a theoretical basis for the future analysis of the market (El Battay & Mahmoudi 2016). The researcher will provide the readers with several relevant ideas regarding the cereal market in the Gulf countries and discuss the future of this particular segment, supporting the discussion with relevant evidence from the literature (Hozayn et al. 2017). The importance of finger millet for the cereal market will also be discussed and rationalized (Quaydi 2016). The author of the business project will review its impact on the business segments of other countries and apply these concepts to the Gulf countries. Research Theory To characterize the marketing system that will be used for this business project, the researcher decided first to define it and establish the research theory that will serve as the basis for this business research (Hair 2016). This is why the researcher will take into consideration the size of the UAE market and the probability of entering the market and gaining the top spot. Also, the theoretical framework proposed by the researcher suggests that all the tasks and responsibilities that are included in the process of marketing the breakfast cereal segment must be summarised and addressed before the risk-taking and deployment (Quinlan 2015). Taking all of the stated above into account, the researcher concluded that such concepts as business unit strength and industry attractiveness have to be implemented. When we speak of the market attractiveness, the first thing that has to be addressed is the size of the market. In the UAE, the breakfast cereal market grows annually, so it is important to come up with a winning strategy as soon as possible (Hassett & Paavilainen-Mantymaki 2015). Another thing that must be included in the discussion is a set of PESTEL factors. The UAE is curren