ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Just like many of his contemporaries, including F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Carlos Williams, Thornton Wilder, and Hart Crane, Ernest Hemingway belonged to the so-called “Lost Generation”, which was a “group of expatriate American writers residing primarily in Paris during the 1920s and 1930s” (Lost Generation). Kevin Alexander Boon, in his book dedicated to Ernest Hemingway and his works, gives a very concise and yet comprehensive description of “Lost Generation”, saying that “it refers to the young men and women who were ‘blasted by the World War’ (World War I)… were disillusioned with the inability of political bodies to insulate the world against war… and rejected traditional forms” (39-40). Thus, it should come as no surprise that Hemingway’s writings are widely considered to be nihilistic. But first of all, before going into the detailed discussion of the manifestations of nihilistic symbolism in The Sun Also Rises , it is necessary to fully understand the concept of nihilism and thus define it. Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary defines nihilism as “a viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is senseless and useless” and also as “a doctrine that denies any objective ground of truth and especially of moral truths” (Nihilism). Both of these can be easily found in The Sun Also Rises , which swarms with symbols of nihilism. Thus, Ernest Hemingway makes extensive use of symbolism in order to convey nihilistic themes, because the main hero of The Sun Also Rises is a symbol of nihilism, the main heroine of The Sun Also Rises is a symbol of nihilism, and finally, and perhaps most importantly, Hemingway’s own life was nihilistic. The protagonist of The Sun Also Rises, Jake Barnes, is a symbol of nihilism. The very first few lines show him as such: “Robert Cohn was once middleweight boxing champion of Princeton. Do not think that I am very much impressed by that as a boxing title, but it means a lot to Cohn” (Hemingway 11). Thus, he shows his dislike of conventional value system and wants to distance himself from it. He goes on to say that “I never met any one of his class who remembered him. They did not even remember that he was middleweight champion” (Hemingway 11), thereby implying that no one cared about his title. Then, he goes on to say that he mistrusts “all frank and simple people” (Hemingway 12), clearly going against the widespread norms of morality. In addition to
Emirian Football Fundraising Charity Emirian Football Fundraising Charity is a project that was organized by several employees from various departments to raise money for the Emirian Child Care Charity. The charity will provide a suitable platform for shedding light on Thalassemia genetic disorder, common among children. Radujković and Sjekavica (2017) reveal that the condition is considered a family of hereditary genetic conditions that limits the amount of hemoglobin an individual naturally produces. The condition is understood to inhibit the flow of oxygen throughout the body. The disease is expensive to treat, and patients need a blood transfusion and high-quality care. The initiative of starting the charity was initiated by a group of employees with ideas on how to assist children with the condition and, therefore, help the Emirian child care to afford their treatment. The execution of the concept adopted a football fundraising charity match that would bring together various stakeholders and make the event successful. The match has the power of ensuring that people come together for a common purpose, such as fundraising for a charity. Project Charter The project included a charter that contains the objectives, its execution, and the project stakeholders. The charter gave documentation of the reasons, objectives and constraints, the main stakeholders, risks, benefits, and the general overview of the budget. Therefore, the creation of the project focuses on several considerations. First, the group should determine the goals and objectives of the project. Second, it is crucial to define the project organization by listing the essential roles for conducting the project. It includes the team members and stakeholders that play a significant role in organizing the project (Tri Mardiani, 2020). Third, an effective project charter involves creating an implementation plan that provides a clear outline of significant milestones, timelines, and dependencies for the entire team and stakeholders (Radujković & Sjekavica, 2017). Last, it is also vital to create potential problem areas through realistic performance. Adding potential issues and risks associated with the project charter plays an essential role in helping people to think ahead and get solutions to potential challenges. Therefore, the project charter for the Emirian Football Fundraising charity project will cover the scope of the goals and the people that will be involved in meeting the project milestones. The key focus will be on making the charter more effective by clearly formulating the objectives, proper alignment of stakeholders to the project, providing a single reference to the expectations, and helping the sponsors obtain the approval of stakeholders in making critical decisions (Tereso et al., 2018). The project charter will also serve an essential role in ensuring that projects do not fail due to miscommunication problems on important deadlines. It w
The usage of broadband access networks has skyrocketed over the last decade, which has led to the emergence of novel web applications. This scenario has also heralded the birth of revolutionary Internet usage via free-of-charge applications through datacenters. In most cases, the end user enjoys the transparency of these datacenters. Therefore, the trend is shifting from traditional carriers to content-based carriers like Google and Comcast, which are non-traditional carriers. Private bandwidth usage escalated from 2002 to 2008 to stand at approximately 47% annually. The network landscape is reshaping fast with the entry of content distribution networks (CDN) and cloud computing and providers of such contents like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon among others have become key players in optical network deployments. Internet-style computing underscores the connectivity of different mega datacenters located in disparate regional locations using large-capacity networks, thus forming a cloud, hence the term ‘cloud computing’. To users accessing the cloud of networks, the datacenter network stands out as a solitary computer, which can be accessed via one’s local network providers through Internet Points of Presence (POPs). This form of computing comes with numerous advantages including scalability, automatic backup and easy data sharing platforms. In addition, users incur low costs in terms of operational expenses and the capital needed for computing machinery. Intra-datacenter communication is a web of interconnected datacenters in a bid to realize optimal performance coupled with reduced costs. However, in a bid to understand intra-datacenter communications, it is important to define a ‘datacenter’, which is a “massively parallel super-computing infrastructure, which consists of clusters with thousands of servers networked together” (Lam et al. 33). In intra-datacenter communications, different servers are grouped into racks, with each rack carrying a maximum of 40 machines. Servers hosting machines in the same rack share connectivity via a top of rack (TOR) swit
A restrictive approach has been used by the Canadian Supreme Court when making vital rulings. Also, Guerin notes that the fiduciary principle significantly shaped the perception of the courts in regards to the government and the First Nations. Although the decisions made by the contemporary courts in Canada may be considered to be correct, the fiduciary interference can remarkably alter the outcome of decisions adopted by the Supreme Court. In spite of the fact that the Federal government performs several functions, it is perhaps necessary to mention that the First Nations people should be provided with a comprehensive system. In any case, most of the desired features of a comprehensive education system are not present. For instance, parental involvement, education acts, elected school boards, and education departments are some of the attributes of an education system that should be embraced by the First Nation’s system of education. Conducting government policies and the overall pace of development are indeed affected by the fiduciary relationship between the Crown and the First Nations people. This implies that if the relationship between the two entities is not cordial, the pace of development may be equally downsized. There is a need to establish an independent system of development that cannot be affected by a poor relationship between the Crown and the First Nation people. The scope of the responsibilities of the Crown should be revised accordingly. When it comes to litigation, the government and the First Nation people are often in conflict. The processes of policy formulation and negotiation are usually cumbersome. However, there are quite several aboriginal parties that have agreed to share a common platform with the Crown. This is a step in the right direction. For the first time, several unresolved issues were addressed by the First Nation’s Assembly before the start of the new Millennium. The Canadian government should assume a proactive role in harmonizing the relationship between the aboriginal people and itself. Several rulings made by the Supreme Court were considered to be radical. It can be best described as judicial activism. When the court system was made an independent and sovereign organ, it transformed itself into a radical body, perhaps with the aim of demonstrating its powers. The most important role of a court organ should be to interpret the existing laws. In spite of the unprofessional performance of the Supreme Court in some instances, it is still a vital organ of the federal government. The Indian and Northern Affairs Canada department should instead be scrapped because it is not necessary. Effectiveness of the governance system can only be ensured by maintaining a lean government structure that comprises of a small number of experts. The most important issue should be to advance the needs and aspirations of the First Nation People. INAC should be fully recognized so that it can facilitate the role of uplifting the overall living standards of the aboriginal people. The Canadian government should foster dev
The video contains a relevant discussion on the issue of the modern education system and its main disadvantages. Parents are concerned about providing their children with quality education in the conditions of constantly changing economies and cultural globalization. However, the current system was developed for different times, and a degree is not a guarantee for success anymore. The speaker argues that today’s education does not meet the requirements of the youth who live in an era of constant flows of information and digitalization (The RSA, 2010). The content provides a viewer with the idea that today’s schools may be considered as establishments that have a similar organization as factories of the nineteenth century (bells, separation into groups). The speaker states that the right approach to teaching the youth should be based on the concept of divergent thinking (the ability to find multiple answers to a question). This new perspective is the essential capacity for creativity and is opposite to standardization (an absence of individual approach) within the scope of education (The RSA, 2010). It might seem that Robinson’s opinion is right and demonstrates consistency and a coherent train of thought. International standards and principles clearly state that each individual has an equal right to education. Hence, every person can decide what kind of education he or she is likely to choose. Moreover, it might be necessary for the economy to provide people with the opportunity to get involved in the sphere in which they can fully realize their potential and creativity. Then, the educational process might happen not only in universities and schools but in all other spheres of life, for instance, in the family. Thus, both governments and individual citizens should be responsible for the provision of education. One of the US educational policies that might be considered successful is the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). George W. Bush and his administration aimed to solve the issue of “an education system in which only two thirds of teenagers graduated from high school” (Theodoulou & Kofinis, 2012, p. 311). The crucial measures were to increase accountability for schools and states as well as introduce national standards of education. Although critics of this policy argue that it paid too much attention to test marks as an indicator of progress, students have been improving their skills in reading and math since the adoption of the Act.
Introduction Edgar Allan Poe is famous for his prowess in gothic-themed literature. In “The Cask of Amontillado”, Poe brings out the dark side of the story by employing intense symbolism and irony throughout the story. The readers find the short story interesting amidst the juxtaposition that is brought out by the heavy use of symbolic elements in the story. In “The Cask of Amontillado”, the main character Montresor is seeking revenge amidst the gothic atmosphere that is created by Poe. Montresor is a noble Italian who has resolved to exact revenge against Fortunato, a haughty character who unknowingly walks to his death. Through the short story, it becomes clear that the main character’s diabolical aims are subject to manipulation by various symbolic elements that are strategically laid out by the author. Nevertheless, the main character’s quest for revenge remains unexplained by the author although it dominates the events of the whole story. The only hint about the main character’s unbridled quest for revenge comes when he claims that Fortunato is responsible for his “thousand injuries” (Poe 611). In Poe’s story, the main character sets out to exact his plan of revenge by burying Fortunato when he is still alive. Consequently, revenge becomes the central theme in Poe’s story. When Montresor is seeking revenge against Fortunato by leading him to his grave, the irony of the whole exercise is highlighted by various elements. Poe uses heavy symbolism to intimate the theme of revenge to the readers. The use of these symbolic elements is also responsible for the horror and gothic motifs in the short story. This essay explores various symbols of irony that are used by Poe to symbolize the complexity of the situation surrounding Montresor’s quest for salvation through revenge. These symbols include names of characters, pieces of attires, catacombs, carnival, and the title of the essay, and they all relate to the main theme of revenge in the story. Character names as symbols In “The Cask of Amontillado”, the names of characters bear meanings that contrast the personalities of those who bear them. Furthermore, the names symbolize the main character’s reason for seeking revenge against Fortunato. Although the author of the story does not reveal straightforwardly the reasons behind Montresor’s quest for revenge, the name of his victim (Fortunato) symbolizes the good fortune of the targeted character. The play on the name is meant to inform the readers that Montresor is irked by Fortunato’s good fortunes. Consequently, Montresor seeks to repress the fortunes that are attributed to Fortunato by burying him alive. One scholar claims that through his revenge “Montresor reveals his internal quarrel with fortune itself” (Clendenning 15). It is also possible
The role of the media in everyday life continues to grow. As such, it is important for people to know how it can influence people, their decisions, and actions. There are many studies that have analyzed the impact of digital media. In this paper, special attention will be paid to an article written by Melissa Avdeeff, “Beyoncé and Social Media: Authenticity and the Presentation of Self”. This was published in 2016 and aimed at analyzing the Instagram account of a famous singer, in this case Beyoncé, from the point of view of its authenticity, ephemerality, and “public private self”. The article explained the peculiarities of transparency that exist between what celebrities post online and what they actually experience, and contributes to a better understanding of how social media penetrates human lives and determines identities through online culture. Avdeeff’s paper is a credible source of information because the author used several strong models in the presentation of self and supported her discussion with a number of reliable articles and real-life examples. Her analysis of Goffman’s framing theory and Marshall’s concept of “public private self” provided thoughtful insight on the topic and explained the possibility of Instagram providing celebrities with the power to disclose themselves to the public in a way they choose. Authenticity requires the presence of an emotional connection between a star and fans, and Instagram presents this opportunity in a carefully curated way. This article is only a few years old and focuses on the recent impact of online media sources on ordinary people and businesses. It helps to identify the benefits and shortages of Instagram from the point of view of celebrities who want to use it for personal and professional purposes. In general, Avdeeff’s approach is a credible option for future research to adopt due to the offered theoretical and practical concepts she has discussed.
Introduction Although the idea that there are people with greater talent who are being paid more money seems fair, in reality, it is not necessarily a fact that soccer celebrities possess extraordinary talent. Instead, it seems that in most cases, their accomplishments are only slightly above star players’ recorded exploits, and yet they are paid excessively larger salaries than their slightly less accomplished teammates. Although this practice might seem unfair on the surface, the small difference between superstars and regular players results in impressive revenues for the club, hence the reasons for treating sports stars in the manner described above. Analysis Fame as a social phenomenon often leads to unexpected outcomes. This is especially evident in the area of sports and sports celebrities. For instance, the cases in which famous sports figures receive considerably higher salaries than those who play at a medium level can shed a lot of light on human nature, as well as on the way in which people treat celebrities. The phenomenon in question is typically referred to as the ”superstar effect” (Christiansen & Sieversten, 2008, p. 11). In other words, after specific players are identified as superstars, their accomplishments and the outcome of their efforts are amplified and their wages rise accordingly. From a realistic perspective, however, superstar players’ actual results are only somewhat better than the performance of star and average players, at best. Therefore, the minor difference in the effort one of these athletes makes results in a large difference in the payment provided to the two types of players (Lucifora & Simmons, 2003). Though the phenomenon under analysis might seem unfair, the Superstar Effect has rather solid reasoning behind it. The key reason for star football players to be treated as they are is that their actions are especially beneficial to the club. As a result, the heads of the football communities heavily endorse sports leaders, so that football celebrities can bring an increased amount of money to the club and its representatives. A closer look at the subject matter will prove that the Superstar Effect has little to do with basic principles of fairness. It might seem that it subverts traditional ethical values, replacing them with excitement over the people who have, only once or twice, made their admittedly impressive contribution to the success of the team. However, on second thought, one will agree that the Superstar Effect contributes to the general promotion of the sport and the commercial success of the team (Lucifora & Simmons, 2003). Conclusion While being only somewhat above average in most cases, football stars are provided with much greater salaries than the rest of the team members. Therefore, the slight difference in the quality of the game causes a significantly larger difference in wages. The Superstar Effect, which manifests itself in football stars receiving incentives and financial rewards that other team members do not, can be viewed as a graphic example of the phenomenon analyzed.
Introduction The world’s economy, and indeed that of United States of America, underwent one of its worst performances in recent times. This recession period started in December 2007. Economists christened it as the great economic downturn or simply the Great Recession (National Bureau of Economic Research). America, being the biggest economy in the world, felt the biggest effects and aftershocks of the same. Various aspects of the economy were greatly affected. In fact, some economists believed that the phenomenon actually originated from the United States of America. As a result, there was need for the government and the U. S. Federal Reserve to come up with measures to cushion these effects as well as set up mechanisms to restore the economy to its normal stature. These measures’ aim is to protect the same economy from risks of similar nature in future. For the years 2009 and 2010, the measures put in place by these two institutions have had an effect of some sort on the general economy. This is given the fact that the adopted policies and rescue plans averted what could have been an economic disaster for the U. S. A. (Warwick, 2009). State of the Economy by 2009 President Barack Obama’s administration inherited an ailing economy that had bulged to the pressures of uncertainty and instability. This, slowly but significantly, formed cracks in such cores areas as the credit market and the stock exchange markets. The issues that came along with it- such as unemployment, trade imbalances, tax responsibilities and policy changes posed an immediate challenge to this new administration (Warwick, 2009). Economic Growth The Great recession had adverse effects on the general economic growth in the United States of America since it began manifesting the magnitude of its prevalence as early as 2008. Before this period, both the nominal and the real GDP of America enjoyed a steady growth over the years, with its per capita income also showing favorable trends that emphasized the country’s established stature as the leading economy in the world. For the first time in many years, the country experienced negative growth figures in real GDP between 2008 all through to 2009. The third quarter of that year was particularly poor, with figures of real GDP falling to as low as -3.0%. However, this trend began changing in the fourth quarter of the year, and the growth rate of the nominal and real GDP as well as the per capita income began to take a positive direction. This was in response to the intensive economic rescue strategies and measures adopted by the government of the U. S. A aimed at stimulating the economy (Warwick, 2009). This carefully crafted package by the Obama administration aimed at restoration of the country’s economic lifeline in such a way that the benefits accrue both in the short run and in the end. Among the areas, it covered we