ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Spiritual gifts are given to people by the Trinity. Spiritual gifts cannot be exercised without the help of the Trinity because it defines these spiritual gifts right from their divine origin through their miraculous manifestation and supernatural operation. The spiritual gifts are meant to help Christians serve God better and understand the essence of serving Him. Trinity Theological Definition The Trinity is the name used to refer to the complex nature of God; He is three combined in one. He is God the father, God the son, and God the Holy Spirit. All these elements of the Trinity are meant to guide mankind in following the right path and abiding by the laws of God. The Trinity is a simplified symbol of God’s love and compassion for His creation. Biblical Foundation God the Father is the one who is generally recognized in the Bible as the creator and the ruler of the earth. He redeemed the world when He gave up His only son to save mankind. God the Father is deemed to be a spiritual being worshipped in spirit and in truth [1] . God the Father coordinates the activities of the Son and the Holy Spirit. God the son is the reason why creation came into being and later He became its Savior. The Son is associated with the New Testament emergence and became the head of the church. The Son was sent to set an example to people, and help them renew and increase their faith in God. It is the Spirit who created the mankind. The Holy Spirit guides, comforts and teaches mankind every day so that people choose the right way and stay on the right path. Practical Application The existence of the Trinity helps Christians to increase their faith because they associate their actions with those which please God and the ones that are encouraged by Him. As a result, it often leads to people’s engaging in good deeds that promote harmony and unity among God’s creatures. Spiritual Gifts Theological Definition Charisma is used to denote spiritual gifts because of the meaning associated with this word, namely, “I show favor”. There are a number of spiritual gifts, and thus different people have different spiritual gifts. Prophesy, for example, as discussed in the earlier module, is a gift, and people possessing such gift have the ability to forecast various events. Even if people have a similar gift, for example, that of prophesy, one’s prophetic gift is different from another’s indicating the variety of gifts, which makes unity vibrant. The unity of various but similar gifts results in a beautiful outlook. Biblical Foundation The variety in spiritual gifts is meant to ensure that one’s gift complements another’s gift resulting in a unified whole. This is what Christianity is trying to claim. It is a world where each person is part of the larger world, and if the world is to become one, people have to complement one
The play She Stoops to Conquer by the Irish author Oliver Goldsmith is a complicated plot based on mistaken identities and ridiculous life situations. She Stoops to Conquer tends to deride the traditions of the upper class of the eighteenth century. It is fun to watch people getting imprisoned with their own social customs and traditions. The multilayered plot attracts with its unexpected curves. The audience did not have a chance to take a short rest when the sudden events developed on a stage. Not to mention the farce used throughout the play which makes it even more compelling and leaves no time for yawning. The director Max Stafford-Clark was able to represent the ideals of the upper class of the eighteenth century’s Englishmen and at the same time satirize those. NAMELY, Goldsmith was able to show the outrageous contrast between upper and lower class, and between city and the countryside of the late 18 th century in England. The first example one may think of right away is the main hero’s prejudice about the behavior of an inn lodger. His conduct is merely uncivilized when he thinks the house to be the inn and demands the best treatment since he is going to pay for the services. This is a nice representation of the relations between upper and lower class of the eighteenth century. As per the style of the play it was compelling to watch, hence, it is to be noticed that the director used somewhat mocking style along with wittiness. However, unlike other satirical plays, this one can deservedly be called graceful. Meaning, the entire ply is so understandable and easy – but not unsophisticated – that almost everything can be pretty understandable for the contemporary audience except for some idioms of those times: “Stout horses and willing minds make short journeys”. The author along with the director represented the protagonists of the play as ludicrous or eccentric heroes. Subsequently, a viewer may mistakenly consider those incapable of reforming themselves. As mentioned above, the play itself is very fluent and intriguing to watch. This effect is achieved due to rapidly developing events and scenes changing, for instance, from the Tony Lumpkin’s childhood flashbacks up to the resulting events. Also, the solos of the actor is presented vividly on the stage while he/she is unveiling own feelings and emotions to the audience. Here, it is necessary to outline that Goldsmith followed the classical unities of a play’s site and time – the single location; this time it is the countryside, the
Management Science- Management Science is a structured approach to problem-solving. A structure is an algorithm or steps on how to solve a problem. The approach means to understand (defined) a problem. Problem-solving means to make a decision. To make a good decision, the person has to write the problem down in a mathematical model. Then, he/she has to decide and come out with a solution (best solution). Finally, the person has to think about it if the solution is effective or not. If it not effective, change it. Mathematical Model- These are models, which use mathematical concepts to analyze situations for decision-making. They can take many forms, from statistical models to equations models. Mostly they are important for computer applications. They can describe the behavior of a system, which can be used by businesses for decision-making. They have a number of variables, which are used, and they include random variables, output variables, input variables, decision variables, state variables. An example of these models includes a linear programming model. Deterministic and stochastic (probabilistic) models- Deterministic model is that model where there are no random figures used in predicting the future. The model produces similar output regardless of the time used so long as the variable input used is the same. They include chemical reactions in chemistry. Stochastic are those models that employ probability distributions as inputs, it has random numbers or variables which allow outputs to be variety. The inputs are based on observations. Once the observation has been, made data is collected and given the theoretical probability, which is used in solving the real-life process. Linear Programming- It is a mathematical model, which uses algorithms to solve a certain problem. It involves techniques consisting of sequence steps to arrive at an optimum solution. The linear programming model has four components, which include objective function, constraints that provide limitations for restricting the alternatives available to decision-makers. Decision variables, which represent choices available to the decision-maker in terms of amounts of either inputs or outputs, and parameters. The objective function can be either to maximize or to minimize a certain decision variable, so; it is an expression, which is used to determine the total profit. It consists of a mathematical statement of the objective and a mathematical statement of each constraint. These statements consist of symbols that represent the decision variables and numerical values called parameters the parameters are fixed values ; so the model is solved given those values. Structure of a Linear Program- A linear programming problem has a certain structure including a linear function a decision variable, objective function,
Introduction The play “Julius Caesar” looks at the connection that is there between authority and rhetoric in a detailed manner. The capacity to cause things to happen by making use of words or speech alone is the strongest kind of authority. In the starting scenes of the play, this kind of authority is seen in Caesar. Mark Anthony says that when Caesar tells people to perform something, the thing is performed. Proof of this is traced in Act III in which speech is utilized to touch the hearts of people as well as capture their minds. Through the use of words, Mark Anthony is able to convince in a clever manner those conspirators that he desires to back him; “let each man render me with his bloody hand” (Shakespeare 3.1.372). Under the pretext of friendship, Anthony identifies conspirators for revenge. On the other hand, Brutus makes a speech to the people and makes an appeal to them to have love of liberty in order for him to ensure justification of the murder of Caesar. Brutus fully refers to the high esteem in which he is held and this reference is made with an intention of him further making valid his explanation. More so, Mark Anthony in a similar manner wins the favor of the people by employing persuasive rhetoric to sweep the crowd in to an immense frenzy, so immense to a level that they don’t even come to a realization of the unpredictability of their favor. However, the speech styles employed by these two characters are not similar but differ from each other in that the style employed by Brutus is one of oration, stoic and is simple and direct to the point while the style employed by Mark Anthony is a performance which is “much more Ciceronian in its style, abetted by the props of Caesar’s body and his will and directly involves and affects the audience” (Nordquist, Para 10) and this difference in the styles basically resulted from the goals each of the two individuals was having in line with Caesar’s death. Brutus versus Mark Anthony In spite of the fact that Brutus had an aspiration not to be seen as a butcher or having intentions to cut off Caesar’s limbs by murdering Mark Anthony, in real sense he brought about invocation of blood and also destruction by not killing Mark Anthony. Brutus had hopes that by taking away the life of Caesar, he would enhance realization of freedon among the people of Rome and these people would not be ruled by a prospecpective dictator. Brutus also had hopes that there will be no war and peace would prevail. But on the other hand, in spite of the respectable ideals that Brutus had, Mark Anthony viewed Caesar’s death as the commencement of a curse of battle and bloodshed that would occur on men. He took an initiative to engage in enacting such a curse which was being prevented by Brutus. The contradictions that are seen here are the stimulation of the resulting war that occurs between these two people; Mark Anthony and Brutus. Prior to Caesar’s death, there was an argument between Brutus and Cassius about the idea as to whether or not Mark’s
Under the present system, each office of the company is controlled by a manager who is responsible for all the activities of the respective offices. There are two basic factors which are considered in compensating the managers. The managers are paid a reasonable salary with a bonus based on the net income of the office and a share in the overall profits of the company as a whole. The managers function in a most independent manner and are provided with the necessary authority to make independent decisions for the improvement of the company’s business. However, the managers are made responsible for the decisions they take and are made accountable for the consequences of such decisions. From the cost point of view, each office is allocated a portion of the non-traceable cost which is common to all the offices. The existence of non-traceable costs and their allocation complicates the short-run profit planning (Blocher, Stout and Cokins). These common non-traceable costs are allocated based on the estimated total billings of each individual office for the ensuing year. Presently this allocation is based on gross billings of each office. The following table presents the segment wise operating results for the current year with all numbers in 000’s of $. Table: Current Income Statement – Segment wise Earnings. When it is assumed that the non-traceable costs are not allocated office wise income looks as in the following table Table: Revised Earnings of the Offices – Without Non-traceable Costs. The comparison of the evaluation of the office managers based on the original table and the table with the revised earnings is presented below. Table: Comparison of the Income of Offices. Suitable Method Non-traceable costs are common costs incurred by a firm which are to be assigned on an arbitrary basis since there are no logical criteria for their assignment (Business Dictionary). From the comparison of the income of the offices as presented in the tables, the second method of not allocating the non-traceable costs appears to be more goal congruence. This view can be supported by:  1. Since the non-traceable costs are not incurred by the managers, they cannot be made accountable for such costs. When the non-traceable costs are allocated to the offices, the managers lose their control on the net income of the offices. Still, they would be made accountable for the results, which is not logical.  2. The basis of allocation cannot be considered right. When the non-traceable costs are allocated based on gross billings, the office which makes higher billing would get a higher allocation of costs. This amounts to penalizing an office which has done well.  3. From the table it can be observed that the Paris office in fact has made some earnings, but becomes negative due to the allocation of the non-traceable costs. Even though it is argued that the non traceable costs have been incurred for the growth of the offices, the method of allocation is fundamentally wrong and is counter productive. A better method of allocation c
Biological trait theory The early attempts to explain criminal and deviant behavior began with the supposition that there was something inherently erroneous with the perpetrators. The difference between criminal and non-criminal behavior was seen as fixed and obvious and the inability of certain individuals to adhere to social norms was elucidated in terms of sin or moral degeneracy. The biological theory of crime was introduced by Cesare Lombroso whose study of the physical characteristics of criminals persuaded him that criminal behavior was biologically inherent (Lauer, 1982, p.18). The work of Lombroso fascinated many people and scholars all of whom failed to perceive the serious mistake made by Lombroso in the methodology. Lombroso had failed to assess the physical characteristics of conformists additionally and thus had failed to demonstrate that the distinctive characteristics found in the criminals were also common among the conformists’ population. This mistake was later corrected by a British physician who illustrated that the physical features of criminals were not different from those of the conformists. Various developments were made to Lombroso’s theory. In 1949, William Sheldon tried to categorize individuals according to three types of body structure: endomorphs (soft and round), mesomorphs (muscular and agile), and ectomorphs (skinny and delicate). Sheldon then carried out a study using a small sample of juvenile delinquents and found out that majority of the juvenile delinquents were mesomorphs. This argument was later supported by Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck in 1956 who argued that the body structure affects the predisposition of people to criminal activities but also the experiences and personal characteristics play an important role (Siegel, 2007, p.96). Later developments of the biological theory argued that criminals had an extra the chromosome that gave them a combination of XYY. Successive studies indicated that even though males with the XYY combination are not more violent than other criminals they are found more often in criminal than in conformists groups. The XYY individuals are also most likely to be extraordinarily tall thereby exposing them to social stigma and limiting their job prospects. Their predisposition to commit crimes is therefore high (Taylor et al., 1973). The biological theory differs from the other theories of crime in many ways. First, it emphasizes individuals rather than on society and other environmental factors that influence people to commit crimes. Secondly, it fails to locate the main causes of crime and instead locates the criminals themselves in society. The theory is useful in explaining some forms of criminal activities particularly those perpetrated by mentally incapacitated individuals. It can however be more useful if it
Social problems in relation to the LGBT population Several strategies have been embraced by supporters, sympathizes, and activists of gay sex marriage to win support of the public on the need to stop prejudicing gay and lesbianism marriages. For instance, the assimilation approach has resulted in positive results among the gays in America and reduced discrimination by a large percentage (Baker, 2010). The proponents of this type of union are drawn from civil unions, domestic right groups, and registered informal societies who extend their hand in support for this highly criticized union (Hunter, 2012). The members of this group have managed to convince the society on the need to coexist by employing civil rights movements, public protests, and race riots as actualized by the sin city sisters of Las Vegas (Greenberg, 2010). This is because the social problems are defined by the society towards this group as ordinary to any society of minorities (Sherkat, Vries, & Creek, 2009). How social issues are framed in relation to the LGBT population Over the years, LGBT population has attracted heated debate in the conservative American society. Specifically, the religious and conservative groups have been the most active in opposing homosexual couples getting married (Schultz & Lavenda, 2011). Despite these divergent opinions, LGTB population has spread across several states of America and is now legal in all states (Sherkat, Vries, & Creek, 2009). Through mixed research in social surveys carried in 2009, Sherkat, Vries, and Creek (2009) established that racial divide has direct influence on perception about homosexual couples. Through survey interviews involving 180 participants from the white and African American communities with equal representation, Sherkat, Vries, and Creek (2009) established that 70% of the respondents from African American ethnicity opposed homosexual marriage unlike the 30% opposition by the white American ethnic groups. Specifically, within the African American respondents, the main reason for this opposition was cited as conservative family norms and Protestantism faith which cannot accommodate same sex marriage. On the other hand, the 30 percent of the respondents fr
Introduction Mrs. Blackwell represents many aged individuals in Australia and around the world who need comprehensive and long-term care strategy to cope with their situation as a result of advanced age (Borowski, Encel and Ozanne, 2007, p.20). Developing a comprehensive and long-term care strategy for aged individuals like Mrs. Blackwell requires an adequate nursing diagnosis of the conditions and situation of the individual. Conducting a nursing diagnosis of Mrs. Blackwell, three conditions are identified that subsequently require interventional strategies. Mrs. Blackwell exhibits impaired mobility and increased bowel irregularities, which can be linked to total hip arthroplasty, leading to an experience of difficulty in using a walking frame. Secondly, Mrs. Blackwell exhibits increased potential risk of falls that are related to previous falls, difficulty using a walking frame, and an overall expressed fear of falling. Lastly, diagnosis reveals that Mrs. Blackwell exhibits potential for adverse drug reactions and this is related to polypharmacy and infrequent visits to GP. Objectives for long-term care strategy for aged people in society
Introduction A budget is a financial statement of an organization for either short- or long-term periods designed to achieve a certain corporate objective (Bogsnes, 2016). Budgeting refers to the process of preparing a plan of expected costs that will clarify an organization’s financial outcomes in terms of a given period (Kalyebara & Islam, 2014). This paper focuses on discussing the notion of budgeting and its role in organizations. Identifying the Concept of Budgeting The budgeting process involves several aspects such as determining estimates for future cash collections, sales, and activities that are to be summarized in the form of balance sheets and financial statements. As stated by Bogsnes (2016), the two last notions are also known as pro-forma financial statements, which are usually used to monitor an organization’s activities and adjust them, if necessary. It is clear that budgeting can be defined as the process of coordinated planning of a company’s operation and management made with the help of budgets and financial indicators, which make it possible to determine the contribution of every department to achieving common goals. There are several models of budgeting, including static, flexible, zero-base, rolling, incremental, and rolling forecast ones, the use of which depends on a particular company and circumstances (Bogsnes, 2016). For example, a flexible model of budgeting is appropriate for the situations when expenses and revenues tend to vary significantly. Budgeting Benefits Budgeting is rather important in a corporate environment since it helps to ensure that an organization will always have some funds to maintain its activities and remain competitive based on the financial side of its performance (Kalyebara & Islam, 2014). In other words, a properly prepared budget prevents many unexpected costs as well as keeps out of debt by serving as a guide to spending money. For example, budgeting is useful when a company needs to understand which periods will be quite difficult and restricted financially and which ones will be beneficial to invest and develop. Disadvantages of Budgeting In addition to the benefits of budgeting that were presente