ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Why is ageing not the main explanation for rising health care costs in Australia? According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012), the current population of Australia stands at over 23 million people. These figures make Australia the 52 nd most populated country in the world. The average age of the Australian population is about 75 years, showing that Australia is mainly made up of the aged population. However, these figures do not indicate ageing as the main explanation for the rising health care cost in the country. In Australia, ageing is not a problem, especially because the government has put in place a health planning policy that would ensure proper health care for everyone in the country. For example, the government has developed programs to assist parents in bringing up their children. The aged Australian citizens are accorded with a good life quality through programs that are aimed at ensuring that they remain healthy at all times. Therefore, the ability of the elderly population to adopt a healthy lifestyle and the policy of the country to promote better quality life (including prevention of diseases) have prolonged life expectancy age in the country (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012). Explain the difference between a regulatory and self-regulatory policy with an example of each The self-regulatory policy is a kind of policy where a company passes its own regulation of safety standards as well as both legal and ethical standards with its workers or volunteers. Such regulatory policy does not include outsiders in the company’s regulation. Here, the organisation adheres to and enforces its own rules. Some examples of a self-regulatory policy are the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Audit, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the American Bar Association (ABA). They formulate model ethical codes related to the legal profession (McKenzie & Smeltzer, 1997). On the other hand, regulatory policies are rules or principles that target the behaviour of individuals or industry. For example, the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OHSA) outlines the need for regulatory policy. These policies guide the rationale used to achieve certain outcomes; for instance, the Health Insurance Policy (Eager et al., 2001). Outline the differences between political and economic perspectives on health policy Political health policy is a perspective health policy that seeks to understand the conditions shaping population health and development of the health services within the area of the political context. This perspective shows that the growth in the health sector is due to effective political ideologies, which later lead to an increased number of health resources. This, in turn, guarantees improved living conditions and better health services. Therefore, political conditions sh
For many years the question of “what is the heart of Christianity?” has lingered in the minds of many believers. This has led to new ways of seeing Christianity and what it means to be a Christian to emerge. These new ways of understanding Christianity differ from the dominant way that has been in existence for many years, this means that Christianity is in a time of conflict. This has led to the emergence of two paradigms on how Christians see the Bible, God, Jesus, faith, and the Christian life. According to the earlier paradigm, the bible is a divine book; it is the “Word of God” (Borg 7). This paradigm has over the years become less compelling. There is no doubt that it nourished the lives of many a fact that the author believes that it was the spirit of God working through it. The emerging paradigm on the other hand sees Christian life as “a historical, metaphorical, and sacramental way of seeing the bible” (Borg 13). It sees Christian life in a different perspective. According to it, Christianity entails a life of relationship and transformation that one does not need to believe in Christianity in order to be a Christian but rather, one should relate with God well in order to change the current circumstances. These two paradigms are usually suspicious of each other. The earlier paradigm sees the emerging paradigm as a reduction of Christianity where as the emerging paradigm sees the earlier paradigm as anti-intellectual and selectively moralistic (Borg 15). They both agree on the common focus of the bible and Jesus, and how Jesus plays a central role in mediating man to God. Many see the earlier paradigm as being static, an obstacle and therefore feel that their relationship with the Supreme can be nourished in a different way. The most important aspect here is functionality, if a paradigm works for you, well and good, it does not mean it is the only right way (Borg 18). Making the Connection among Liberation Theologies around the World We learn from this book that liberation theologies in the world do not share a single perspective; each theology has its own distinctive view point. For instance, the past two decades have seen emergence of views in the Christian cycles. People around the world have risen against the social, economic, political, and religious structures that exist. These groups began new Christian practices and new ways of being the church. They led to the birth of new theologians with the knowledge in the life and practice of their groups. The book tries to show that all theologies are contextual and therefore, have limits, just like Anna Karenina put it, “each society, like each family, is unhappy in its own way” (Engel & Brooks 3). Theologies cannot be heaped together because they are not interchangeable. They all have their own unique interests, viewpoints, aims as dictated by the society they exist in. This book depicts theologians as voices responding to and accountable to their groups and their co
Introduction Transitioning from being a student nurse to becoming a staff nurse is a stressful period every graduate registered nurse (GRN) goes through. According to Flinkman and Salanterä (2014), during the first year of practice, many GRNs choose to abandon the profession for a variety of reasons, including poor practice environment, lack of support, and choosing nursing as a second-best profession. Parker, Giles, Lantry, and McMillan (2014) also mention that new graduates are unable to adhere to all the expectations of person-centered practice. The present paper describes GRN’s ability to work within their scope of practice and the implications of the matter. Identifying the Issue Working within one’s scope of practice is a central competence of all the care providers, including nurses. However, despite the nursing profession being one of Australia’s largest regulated workforces, its limits are poorly understood (Birks, Davis, Smithson, & Cant, 2016). While nurse practitioners’ (NPs’) standards of practice are described by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA, 2014), they are elusive and make it difficult to distinguish where the competence of an RN starts and ends. According to Birks et al. (2016), both NMBA and the international community fail to recognize an RN’s definite scope of practice. The boundaries are often context-driven and differ from one facility to another (Birks et al., 2014). The matter poses considerable difficulties for nurses to act within their scope of practice. Inability to act within one’s scope of practice is a significant issue of GRNs. Unclear standards, lack of experience, low self-esteem, and insufficient guidance make them unable to limit their actions to meet the standards set by NMBA (Lima, Newall, Kinney, Jordan, & Hamilton, 2014). Such incompetence often leads to significant patient safety issues (Lubbe & Roets, 2014). Therefore, the problem is of extreme importance for person-centered care. Associated Difficulties Among all the difficulties GRNs face during their transition period, working within one’s scope of practice may be one of the most challenging tasks. As stated above, one of the reasons for the matter is the obscure nature of the scope of practice. While the general principles and expectations of RN’s work are clear, they may be confusing when it comes to situational decision-making. For instance, a beginner RN may be unsure if he or she should reinsert a nasogastric tube if it falls out. According to Jacob, McKenna, and D’Amore (2017), expectations may differ among universities and healthcare
Introduction Youths of today encounter enormous challenges on their way to adulthood. In order to assist youths, education should discuss the social challenges that youths face. Youth should learn to incorporate social spaces within their environment. Education must address issues that will assist youths to reflect and involve their social involvements, environment, and relate them to learning contents in order to see the relevancy in education. The movie, Gran Torino reflects a city in the middle of reducing auto-industrial activities. Youths have come to the city suburbs, leaving their aging parents behind. Asia and Latin America immigrants have come to occupy the vacant neighbourhoods. They purchase vacant homes. In the process, the new settlers face those who remained behind. Neighbourhoods have divisions leading to struggle for power and control among the Black gangs, Hmong and Mexicans. Old immigrants of various origins have established commercial entities such barbershops, constructions firms, among others. Immigrants, Whites, Blacks and other races protect their territories using several ways, including gangs, gated estates and taxation barriers. There are inter and intra ethnic forces as ways of defining, excluding and subjugating territories. The movie reflects violence between Hmong and Mexican youths. This tension exists in the Hmong community and gang feuds on families as the movie highlights the relations between the local authorities and immigrant communities (Eliot, 2001). Local police have involved community in an attempt to control the gangs. They detain unregistered immigrants. This has created a major rift between unregistered youths and the local police. Walt Kowalski acts according to the law, and then cheats the gangs into killing him where the gang faces the justice system. Therefore, this study shows the relations between social theories of youth crime and sharing responsibility of police and community as a tool of influencing gang activities. Youth crime Social strain theory of Robert Merton looks at crime problem in terms of anomie. Emile Durkheim studied society through its components so as to find out how the structures of a society relate to each other i.e. how the structures of the society work. A stable society operates smoothly, and social arrangements are functional. There is cooperation, cohesion and consensus. Conversely, a society whose social structures threaten its social order has dysfunctional arrangements. This is what happens in the Gran Torino where a class-oriented society has conflicts. Merton looks at social structures in a society that gives out same goals to all its members but with no equal means to achieve these goals. Society experiences what culture advocates for and what structures allow. Culture encourages success while structures prevent it. These result into
Subject of Course Project The subject of this course project is an online shopping platform for La Donna boutique. The boutique has no online marketing services. I will carry out investigations on this course project and my findings will provide solutions and create opportunities for La Donna boutique on using online services. Business problem statement La Donna boutique lacks online services. This has made its customer to be physically going to the boutique to purchase goods. La Donna competitors are 15th Street boutique and Echoes boutique. Both boutiques use online services. Most of their customers purchase their products using online services. We are living in a world of technology and most people would prefer to look for the product online which will be delivered on their doorstep instead of wasting time going for the product (Chan, Cheng, & Hsu, 2007). La Donna competitors make their sales using online services because they aggressively market themselves making their products available on internet. This is a great challenge to La Donna boutique because they are losing customers to their competitors’. They are waiting for customers’ consultations in order for them to give details about their product, unlike competitors who go for the customers by providing full details of their product on the internet (Klett, 2000). Name of the company La Donna is a boutique which is located in La Jolla in San Diego. It is highly known for providing classy fashions made by designers from all over the world. Their products include clothing, shoes, jewelries and accessories. General benefits it will provide the organization By using online services, La Donna cost of production will be reduced because it will be selling goods directly to the customers and this will make producers to get rid of costly intermediaries. This will result to improved services from the boutique to the customer. Interacting costs will also be lowered since communication will be via internet. Internet interactions with the customer will give the boutique a better chance of negotiating the actual and final price of the product (Figiel, 2005). Good negotiations lead to increase of sale. Interactions will also help the boutique get ideas from customers and this will make the company improve on its products and services. La Donna will also cut costs of keeping stock due to increase in demand. The boutique will save more profits due to reduced cost but it will be a great disadvantage to the employees. Their services will no longer be required by the boutique because most of their tasks will be done via online services. La Donna will be able to acquire new markets and maintain its current customers because its goods will gain quality exposure. Exposure will earn the boutique a better marketing position that will enable it stand the competition (Chan, Cheng, & Hsu, 2007). High level approach (es) E-commerce is the ideal technology that will be used in this project. The e-commerce that will suit La Donna boutique is business to consumer marketing. Amazon is the e-commerce business model that La Donna boutique will use. Amazon is a well-established online merchant. Amazon enjoys economies
Abstract The research will mainly focus on existing computer crimes, and some of the ethical issues that should be taken into concern in information technology. Hacking as one of the ethical issues will be broadly looked at some of the topics about hacking will include; hacking methods, hacking vulnerabilities i.e. weaknesses exhibited in systems that make it easy for hackers gain access to a system, information contained in government websites and lastly the research will look at why at times hacking is viewed as a just practice and a right to people. Introduction The environment has direct influence on the personality and behaviors of individuals. In the past, the environment consisted of family, friends and the local community members. However, the environment has considerably changed after the invention of the internet, because globally many people have access to the internet and the use of internet make individuals establish contacts with new people from diverse backgrounds and culture. There exists a relation between new environment and the human personality or behavior, for example some people use technology for learning purposes, some for work or business while others use it for pleasure. There are some individuals or groups who use the internet for illegal purposes; this may involve obtaining sensitive information without permission and downloading of files or programs without permission. Computer crimes refers to the use of the computer system or the internet to commit criminal activities Computer Crimes A computer crime is an unlawful act done via a computer or a network and some of the habitual crimes that may be involved include; racket, theft, blackmail, falsification, and misappropriation of funds. The illegal activities take place when an unauthorized user gains access to a computer system, unlawfully intercepts data being transmitted by a computer, interferes with data, or interferes with the system (Bishop: 2005, p. 109). Computer crimes can be divided into two categories; crimes that directly target computer devices or networks and crimes that are facilitated by computer networks or devices. Mean code, denial of service (DNA) and system viruses are examples of unlawful actions that aim computer networks. Crimes that use computers or networks include; cyber talking, theft, drug trafficking etc (Bishop: 2005, p. 103). Some of the precise computer crimes include; spam which refers to the sending of mass mail messages for marketable purposes, fraud which may be defined by many activities; the altering of computer information in an unauthorized way, changing or damaging output with the aim of hiding unauthorized transactions, changing or deleting stored data, and writing code for fraud purposes, another computer crime is the obscene content, harassment whereby the content used may be offend to the user, drug trafficking whereby the transactions between the drug traffickers may take place via the internet, the last crime likely to take place is cyber terrorism which is defined as the act of terrorism that is committed through computer networks (Maxine: 1994, p. 72). Ethics in computing Computer ethics refers to a dissection
Precious has a number of features that a peculiar to the MTV filming style. First, specific attention should be given to the dynamic movement of the camera and the accompanying sound tracks. Some of the scenes are deprived of fluid and smooth movements of the camera, as it is presented in the art film style. In particular, the picture is more focused on motionless presentations of close-ups that are rapidly changed by dynamic scenes. Specific attention requires the scene when Precious takes an exam and when she attends the classes. The scene of fighting with another girl is represented by means of various camera movements from different angles. In contrast to art film style, it seems that no digital editing systems have been applied to the shooting process. In particular, the editor does not select sequences of shots to create a finished product. In contrast, the movie is presented as a set of randomly chosen cuts, which contribute to its dynamics. In the movie, there are also flash frames that interchange with still scenes. Specifically, at the very beginning, there is a scene that depicts the heroine sitting in her bedroom and looking through the old album and her mother dancing in another room in front of the TV set. Finally, the film movie style lack continuity, which is another feature of MTV movie style. Hence, the director does not introduce subsequent shots from various angles. There is a scene when each scene is accompanied by photos. This approach is used to emphasize the importance of the heroine’s memories about her family. It also allows the readers to combine reality with Precious’s illusionary representation of the world. Works Cited Precious. Ex. Producer. Lee Daniels United States: Lionsgate, 2009. DVD.
Introduction The financial statements of entities are usually prepared and presented using the defined set of guidelines. These guidelines are accounting standards, concepts, and conventions. All these guidelines enhance the reliability of the financial statements. Accounting concepts are the rules and procedures that are followed in the preparation and presentation of financial statements. There are several accounting concepts some of which include going concerned, matching (accruals) concept, consistency, materiality, and prudence concept (Williamson, D.1999) Going concern concept The ability of an entity to continue to exist into the foreseeable future depends on its financial position. Going concern concept assumes that the entity is not going to wound up shortly i.e. it will exist into the foreseeable future. This concept is therefore considered in the preparation of the balance sheet of an entity. The balance sheet of an entity shows the financial position and therefore the assets should not be disclosed at net realizable values but on net book values. Of course, some assets are presented in the balance sheet at their market values (Basic college Accounting 2008). Any circumstances or uncertainties that are likely to affect the long-term existence of a company should be disclosed fully in the books so that the interested parties are informed on the ability of the company to continue operating. The accountants/auditors are therefore required by law to disclose the going concern situation of the entity. An example that can illustrate the going concern concept is as follows; Company ABC has been making losses for the last 3 years. This has been largely due to the reducing market share caused by the entry of new rivals into the market. The company has not been able to meet its obligations due to a lack of funds and the management does not foresee any drastic change in the fortunes of the company. Based on the information provided about the company, explain the long-term position of the company. ABC Company is insolvent because it is unable to pay off its debts. Therefore, there should be a disclosure in the financial statements that the going concern position of the company is in doubt (Tutor2u.2008). Accrual/Matching Concept In the generation of revenues, costs or expenditures are usually incurred. Therefore it is only necessary that these revenues be matched to the corresponding costs. Matching concepts recognize the need to ‘matching’ the revenues to the relevant costs in a particular period. This, therefore, means that only the incomes and costs of that particular period are recorded in the profit and loss. Any prepaid income or expenses are usually eliminated from the profit and loss and disclosed as either an asset or liability in the balance sheet. If the resultant pre-paid incomes or expenditures do not meet the requirements of assets or liability, then, the items should not be recorded in the books (Bendery, Hussey and West. 2004. pg.37) Example If the company prepaid an expense e.g. rent, then, the pre-paid part of the expenditure is treated as an asset in the ba