ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Many teens in high school get thrilled at the idea of working part time while still in school. The opportunity to make money is good and some parents give their children the liberty to work while still in school. For others, they would hear none of it because to them it is a complete waste of time. Whichever opinions parents may have the issue of students working throughout high school should be thought through carefully before making any decisions. Some students might find that their expectations about their prospective jobs are very different from the reality on the ground. However, if the students are open minded they will adjust well into the work place. Students should be allowed to work throughout high school to learn life skills and get a greater understanding of how the world operates once they are legal adults. Networking Working while still in school presents students with a golden chance to start networking early in their life. The students who do part time jobs in companies get the opportunity to meet their future employers and if they become good employees while doing their stints as part time employees they will improve, their employability levels in the future because they will not be strangers in the same work places. Moreover, their former employers can offer them valuable assistance in case they need a reference from their current or former employers. The employers can also guide them in the right direction to take if they proof to be worthwhile employees. Students should also not shy away from working as volunteers in non profit organizations because such services might provide them with an opening in the future through making connections with people who might play a major role in their future careers. However, that should not be the primary goal of volunteering because one should give expecting nothing in return. Learn the real world Students who work while still in high school get an opportunity to see how the real world operates and thus are better equipped than those who do not venture in the business world earlier. Working enables the students to integrate some of the things they learn theoretically in class in a real environment and makes them develop analytical skills as they deal with the challenges they encounter in their workplace. This increases their understanding, which may translate into better grades. Moreover, they gains skills that one cannot get in the classroom such as interaction with different clients or customers and thus they are equipped to deal with people from diverse backgrounds. Such students can comfortably work in any
Asian hospitality is specific due to cultural peculiarities of the place. No matter which country one visits, the hospitality is going to be at the highest level. Being one of the main source of revenue, restaurant and hotel hospitality play important role in the development of Asian economics. Being the third constituent of the world economics after oil and auto industry, Asia successfully develops this sector of its economics to continue profitable business in a complicated economic situation. Productivity, profitability, and sustainability are the main variables on the way to success in Asia. Being involved in the competitive strategies, industries where hospitality is crucial try to develop and renew this sector. Human resource management also plays an important role in this sphere of services. Asian hospitality services are directed at customer. Having the motto to serve the customer all the services he/she required. All Asian and even international hospitality organizations work on meeting all the customers’ needs, both intrinsically and extrinsically. Some Asian countries may face a number of difficulties due to their unawareness of the principals of hospitality. However, such places as Hong Kong, Singapore, Macau and Thailand rarely have such difficulties, however, the issues connected with organization of communication among staff may be crucial (Ali, Afzal, Shahzad, & Khan, 2012). Starting the discussion about hospitality service trends in Asia, Machado (2006) says that “The need for better skills is addressed through improved materials and teaching methods, in the internationalization and the improvement of the quality of curricula in tourism and hospitality and in a more effective synergy between education and industry” (p. 56). Such approach to hospitality is advantageous as trained and particularly educated staff is more efficient for hotel and restaurant industry. Moreover, the use of innovations and specific cultural trends are effective in increasing the income in the hospitality sector. Asian hospitality is closely connected to cultural aspects. Planning successful hospitality strategies, industries in Asian industries base their knowledge on culture, infrastructure, expertise, facilities, capacity and abilities (Machado, 2006). Trying to meet customer’s needs, Asian hospitality industries try to include as many services in the list of the obligatory ones as possible. Most hospitality industries involve “meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE), backpacker, and bed and breakfast sectors” (Hing, McCabe, Lewis, & Leiper, 1998, p. 264) in their every day activities and services for tourists, however ,the hospitality industry is rather new in Asia as these countries have recently become pay attention to this sector of economics, therefore, it is possible to wait for the innovations in the sector in the nearest future (Hing, McCabe, Lewis, & Leiper, 1998). However, having a good base for development, such countries as Hong Kong, Singapore, Macau and Thailand face a number of difficulties which may lead to the reduction of the q
The Christian religion has some values that can be seen to follow the line of ethical conduct in the community; Himes Michael in the book “ Doing the Truth in Love by Himes, Michael Edition 95 ” discuses the religion of Christianity from the angle of a catholic. This short paper reviews chapters seven to nine of the book and discusses some of the aspects brought about. Sacramental Vision When discussing on sacramental vision, the writer elaborated on the attachment that Catholics had with sacrament; they believe that sacrament is the body of Christ thus they perform the ritual as a form of remembrance of the father of the religion. The sacrament is aimed at renewing relationships with Christ and offering the Christians a chance to repent their sins and connect with the fathers of the religion. From the ethical perspective, the issues of renewing once visions and keeping the vision that one has is reinforced in the chapter; whether in business or community, it is ethical to be focused on once vision and have policies to keep track in the case the vision seems burred. The chapter was significance as understood that human beings can fail in their promises however it gives them hope that when they fail, they should not keep on the broken situation but should arise and repent and move on with life. The most interesting thing about the topic is how understanding and forgiving Christ it; the virtue of accepting once sins and repenting them has also been emphasized.   * When reading the chapter the questions that lingers in the mind is how many time can someone seek repentance?   * If forgiveness is guaranteed are there chances that people will become reckless with their actions   * Is there an ideal situation in the world? Eucharist: Covenant, Thanksgiving, and Destiny When the writer was reflecting on the topic he was of the opinion that in life its ethical to show your gratitude and offer some thanks to those people who do good to you; the approach as taken by the religion shows the need to value the little things that other people do to someone and being willing to pass a vote of thanks. In Christianity, Eucharist is a show of reunion with the Christ whom the Christian has a covenant with, they do this through thank giving, repenting and keeping focused to their destiny. When reading the chapter, the most important aspect that came out is the need to offer thanks and appreciate other people who have done something good to use; on the other hand, the chapter reinforces the need to keep our promises with other people and suggest that people should have a way that they should remind themselves o
Some court cases may require the services of an expert to enable the jurors and judges to have a better understanding of the underlying principles of the case(s) in question. An expert witness is an individual who has certain specialised skills, knowledge, training and experience in a certain field that goes beyond the knowledge of the rest of the members of the public (Kuchler, 2010, p. 152). He/she is an unbiased person possessing technical knowledge and plays an important role in helping others understand the complexities of evaluating a given technicality or rather a process. An expert witness has several roles and his/her testimony must follow certain principles to gain the juror’s/judge’s acceptability. Attorneys hire expert witnesses to fulfil certain roles. An expert witness can act as an attorney’s confidential consultant (Kuchler, 2010, p. 153). In such a case, the expert reviews the materials necessary for a trial. Additionally, he/she assesses the materials and explains their meaning to the attorney. This helps the attorney to have a concrete understanding of the core aspects of a given case (William, 2002, p. 27). If an expert witness acts as a confidential consultant, he/she may not appear in court. Expert witnesses can also assume the role of a general expert. This requires the expert witness to integrate numerous technical disciplines and assist the attorney in managing the process (Eric & Sibony, 2008, p. 950). The expert can assist the attorney in brainstorming, developing certain important strategies as well as identifying certain technical issues in a given case (Donald, 1996, p. 943). The third role of an expert witness is to provide his/her testimony in the courtroom-as a testifying expert witness. Generally, the purpose of an expert testimony is to clear up some fuzzy facts or even strengthen inferences that might be confusing the jury. According to Yoder, the expert testimony enhances the jury’s understanding of the facts of a case (1998, p. 18). It also helps to point out a case’s flaws and weaknesses that might not be clear to the jury as they may be to the counsel (Freckleton & Selby, 1999, p. 32). These roles of an expert witness occur in all types of cases. Due to the increasing trend of cybercrimes, there is an increased need for expert witness in the field of information technology. Most jurors/judges do not have the required knowledge to deal with cases involving cybercrimes due to their complexity. In such cases, an expert in software development and installation, networking and other related technological aspects are essential in assisting in the prosecution of cybercriminals. However, according to Date, there is a shortage of expert witnesses when it comes to cases regarding cybercrimes (1999, p. 14). Many states have embarked on training individuals in this field to boost the number of expert witnesses in cybercrime cases. For instance, the US government has spent billions of dollars in finding, training as well as retaining the right people to act as expert witnesses as a means to boost cyber security. The FBI’s National Infrastructure Protection Centre offers training in basic computer investigations, Un
Introduction Inferential statistics are used under the circumstances that the behavior in a population, which is too large, needs to be understood. Samples are taken from the populations and the behavior of the sample is assumed to bear similar characteristics to the larger population (Black 273). The most important postulation is that the sample average should fall within the specified significance level. In sampling and sampling procedures, it is a known fact from the central tendency theorem that the value of the sample average will have a normal distribution. Samples are selected from the larger populations to measure and learn more from that population. The point of measurement is the sample mean, which is assumed to be the same as the population means. The sampling process that would lead to more knowledge on the entire population is hypothesis testing. In other words, hypothesis testing is a method of investigating assertions or thoughts concerning a particular group (Black 273). The case involving hypothesis-testing dilemma The case involves an organization determining if its sales representatives are selling on average 2.7 units per day. Within the organization’s total population of 1000 sales representatives, a sample of 100 sales executives was selected to determine if the assertion is true. The company sales manager wanted to determine if its estimate is true by picking 100 sales representatives to test the assertion. The testing procedures The first step involves making out the stated assertions. For instance, in this case, the parameter is the average sales units per day. The company claims that the mean quantity of sales the employees make per day is 2.7 units. In a company with over 1000 sales representatives, it is not easy to substantiate this claim unless the appropriate measurement procedure is carried out. The second step in hypothesis testing is to decide on the criterion upon which the claim can be substantiated (Black 273). As in this case, 2.7 is assumed to be the mean of the population and the average sample sales of the selected sales representatives should be equal or close to the population mean. In other words, this step involves choosing the level or extent of deviation that should be acceptable to decide whether the sample mean measures the population means. The third step involves performing the random sampling procedure to come up with the sample that represents the population. For instance, in the case of the company only 100 sales representatives were selected. The alternative hypothesis is established. The mean sales of the selected sample are then measured. The final step is to compare the mean of the selected sample to the expected or that of the population to help in drawing the inferences. The inference will be drawn depending on the discrepancy between the sample mean and that of the population. In the circumstances, that the difference is small there is a correlatio
Introduction Families have been traditionally known as the foundation of any community and nation/ unfortunately, this is increasingly ceasing to be the case given the ever-rising number of divorce and separation rates family therapy has for some time been seen as a savior to this fundamental institution of any nation but just how effective are they? Discussion It is clear that from the many researchers including Neil Jacobson that among the numerous concepts and methods of family therapy methods, none has so far been proved to be one hundred percent effective. In his critic of Snyder et al 99, Neil suggested that various methods of therapy had to be tried on various t couple in order to establish which method works better and for which type of couple or family. Despite many researchers agreeing with Neil idea that couples and families should be exposed to different kinds of treatments Gurman 91 had a different opinion saying that since it has not yet been known which kind of treatment reported the highest percentage of efficacy, couples should not be hurriedly changed from one type of treatment to another just for the sake of it. (Friedlander et el 2006, suggested that therapeutic alliance whose main aim was according to Bordin 99 to explore a problem, establish a common ground that would eventually lead to a hopeful accomplishment of a mutual goal, was an important variable to many families and couples. However due to the limited research and also different couples and counselors involved, it is difficult to quantify this method as the best method yet. Due to the different behavioral and emotional aspects exhibited by different couples and families at different stages of treatment including both pre and post-treatment periods, it has become very difficult to establish any particular method that works. Though a consensus has been reached that Behavior Couples Therapy (BCT) has been effective for both marital adjustments and satisfaction, Cognitive Behavior Marital Therapy (CMBT) seems to be better since it deals with the unrealistic expectations and beliefs that a (BCT) client would have had to live with. For the emotionally focused couples, the Insight-oriented Marital Therapy (IOMT) approach proved superior to BCT since clients were encouraged to solve their problems by first examining themselves and correcting any fault found then deal with external types of relationships. These clients were expected to have more or less control of their emotions since they now had an understanding of the underlying principle and subsequently relate better
Introduction The purpose of the Learner’s Log Book (LLB) is to document the achievements of the learner in a central repository that will be considered as evidence on the effectiveness of the learning process. It is a ‘monitoring tool’ that e-tutors use to report on individual learners’ progress, and it is a way of ensuring that learners:   * Are engaged in their learning process.   * They are experimenting by doing the tasks subscribed to them by the e-tutor.   * Avoid plagiarism because learners have to be engaged on a continuous basis, and the informal assessment can, therefore, be used to ensure consistency with the main formal assessment.   * Provide e-Tutors with the opportunity to get to know the learners evaluate them, and mentor them properly.   * There are templates that will reflect whether learners read, whether they understand, whether they assimilate the knowledge, whether they develop inquiry ability, whether they have the potential to conduct critical thinking, and whether they can reflect on the knowledge accumulated by relating to real situations. The onus is mainly on learners to furnish the required information in the templates after each unit based on the Reading and Analyze Activity. After filling the information in the template, they need to e-mail it back to the e-Tutor. e-Tutor will then comments on the work done and the involvement that takes place and give overall impressions on the learners at the end of the module. Summary The article by Monty L. Lynn and David P. Osborn describes the experience of implementing the Deming’s quality principles in the quality improvement program conducted by the management of Brazosport Memorial Hospital. The article can be divided into two main parts. The first part gives an overview of the Deming’s quality principles, including the history of their creation and recognition. It also presents a brief summary of the central themes and philosophies behind the approach. Finally, it evaluates the relevance of the principles, notes on its originality and structure, and compares them to their closest competitors, stressing its differences. The second part gives a detailed description of the quality improvement process (QIP) implemented in the hospital, emphasizing the fundamental orientation towards the changes in managerial style rather than a standalone program, and outlining the three major components of the process. The first, quality orientation, was achieved through the formation of the quality improvement council and generation of the policies and definitions of quality. Besides, the handouts with quality guidelines were used to promote a new approach among employees, who were also encouraged (but not pressured) to read the relevant literature. The second component, continuous process improvement, was the closest to the source material. It utilized the Deming’s approach of locating the opportunities for improvement, outlining the possible drawbacks, and eliminating the obstacles. According to the authors, the process was applied throughout the hospital departments and was universally applicable. The process also included gathering feedback from the patients via a survey on
In life, people have the freewill to choose what they want; however, in some cases, faith and fate takes the center stage despite the choices made through freewill. This aspect of life comes out clearly in the movie Minority Report and the play Antigone. Even though at some point some characters in Antigone have the freewill to make choices, faith plays a key role throughout the play. In the movie Minority Report, faith and fate run all actions that take place in the movie. In Antigone, after Creon decrees that Polynices will not be given proper burial, Antigone chooses to follow her faith. She decides to follow the unwritten law according to her faith. She does not care whether this will cost her life or not. Fagles notes that, “Antigone appeals not only to the bond of kindred blood but also to the unwritten law, sanctioned by the gods, that the dead must be given a proper burial – a religious principle” (Sophocles 40). In this case, faith takes precedence over freewill. Even though Antigone has the freewill to comply with Creon’s edict, she has to follow the ‘sanctions’ of her faith. Like wise Creon, even though he seems to defy religious beliefs that the dead should receive a proper burial, he follows faith. Fagles notes that, “But Creon’s, position is not anti-religious; in fact, he believes that he has religion on his side. The gods for him, are the gods of the city…Creon finds it unthinkable that these gods should demand the burial of a traitor to the city” (Sophocles 40). This shows how faith is deeply rooted in this society. Freewill does not matter; people can only use freewill to make choices based on what they believe. In the movie Minority Report, faith takes center stage. Anderton’s police have absolute faith in their system of detecting future crimes and stopping them before they happen. This explains why if a Pre-cog detects a suspect, he or she is arrested without questioning. There is no need of trial because the authorities have faith that this system works perfectly. “Anderton’s single-minded belief that locking up potential murderers is right based on his pre-deterministic belief in Pre-Crime’s righteous predictions” (Bruni Para. 7). This is absolute faith. Actually, Anderton has faith in this system such that even after he learns he would become a murderer in the near future, he does not hide or escape. Despite the fact that Anderton knows that he is only set up to kill Crow and refuses to kill him in the first place, he later pulls the trigger killing Crow to comply with Pre-cog’s report. This can only be explained in matters of faith. If Anderton had freewill, he would choose not to kill Crow and uphold his decision. Unfortunately, he has so much faith in the system that he does what it says. Nevertheless, the Pre-cog system has faults and this comes out clearly, after Witwer concurs that the systems suffers recidivates of past murders. It is only faith that keeps Agatha, Anderton and Witwer in the Pre-cog system despite the fact that they know it is faulty. Its faultiness comes towards the end of the film when the Pre-crime department is closed. Faith dominate