ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Maximilien Robespierre influence during the French Revolution The credibility of the website The author of this article, Miguel A. Faria holds a very high reputation in the society, and he is very highly educated. He is a professor of surgery and currently is attached to Mercer University as an acting professor who lectures on Clinical History following his retirement from neurosurgery. Furthermore, he is an editor emeritus of the Medical Sentinel, which is a constituent of the Association of American Physics and surgeons [AAPS]. He has written 25 recognized papers on clinical and neurosurgical themes that are contained in the Journal of Neurosurgery and Surgical Neurology . Besides, he also co-authored a considerable number of chapters in the neurosurgery coursebook. He has cited four sources, of which three of them fall short of credibility; they are intended as public press. Besides, the title of the article does not directly capture the interest of the reader since it approaches the focus of the reader from a broad perspective; The Economic Terror of the French Revolution. It speaks about the element of interest, Maximilien, in association with other revolutionists, such as Jacobins. The objectivity/subjectivity of the Website The site has no direct affiliate organization, although the URL ends with the acronym EDU. This indicates that although the website has no recognized affiliate organization, it is concerned with education. Moreover, the author of the article by being a medical professional has inclined more on the adverse perspective of the revolution. Navigability The page was just plain without a single hyperlink, and it had no directories at the top. (Home, About us, amongst others). Thus, I think that the site and subsequently the content must be unreliable. Accuracy The article gives a generalized viewpoint of Maximilien in the sense that it does not give a detailed description of his role in the French revolution; instead, it attempts to contrast it with that of the American republic. This article does not give tangible evidence of the revolutionist impact on the lives of the French living during this historical era. This article does not address tangible facts about the efforts to revolutionize the French society as outlined in other credible sources such as oxford journals on French history and French history archives. Although this article was prepared with the aim of enlightening the reader on the impact of revolutionists on the economic and political aspects of the country, it does not meet its major objectives. It does not shed light on the causal factors of the revolution so that the reader would know how to predict any signs of an imminent revolution at any government setting within or outside the country. Also, the article does not highlight any preventive measures of a revolution. The article is dated back to 20
Abstract The common feature in many of the reasons for the decline in influence and member numbers of labour unions in Australia and other Western nations is that, employers and employees, due to economic, legislative, and individual reasons, have resorted to engaging with each other. This unitarist perspective, where both parties (employers-employees) realise the commonality of their goals, has rendered labour unions irrelevant in many contractual and employment-term discussions between employers and workers. These economic, legislative, and individual reasons for the decline of union densities are discussed in this paper, including why a unitarist approach encompasses, defines, and accommodates these changes most appropriately. Introduction Traditionally, labour unions played a key role in ensuring that workers and employees were treated in a fair manner at their diverse places of work. The Industrial Revolution in the Western world wrought a high number of work opportunities, and the harsh conditions that many workers were subjected to in some industries, especially in manufacturing, created a need for labour unions to negotiate better wages, proper work conditions, and arbitrate disputes between employees and workers (Freeman & Medoff 1984, p.12). The subsequent decades, after the industrial revolution, saw the relevance and importance of labour unions grow, and their function in ensuring that employees in various work places, in different industries, were not economically exploited, became critical. However, in the recent past, union density in Australia and other Western economies has been on the decrease and this paper explores the different reasons put forward to explain the declining trend. Labour Unions in Australia and the Western world continued to register high numbers or at least record steady membership numbers until the mid 1990s, when these numbers began to decline. Data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) indicates that, in the past decade, union density has declined from 24.5% in 2001 to 18% by the year 2011 (p.5). The declining union density in the Western world is because of multiple factors, but ultimately the exact reasons that led to the rise of labour unions are the same for their in recent times – the industrial structure present. Structural shifts in modern economies whereby traditional industries such as manufacturing are no longer the principal employers, changes in occupational demands, proliferation of small and medium sized firms, and gen
Introduction As people get older, it is common for many to have fewer friends. Not because they have died, but rather because we have let them die in our hearts. People simply do not invest time and effort into their relationships; it is easier to let your ego ruin your relationship rather than devote efforts and save it. It has been estimated, that relations established during college years last the longest (Bhavnagari & Samuels, 1996). Going even further, lost relationships are the most frequent reasons for stress, loneliness, and low quality of life (The Mirror, 2005). Process of reconciliation In the process of reconciliation of two friends who are not speaking to each other, one should start by analyzing the reasons for the miscommunication that led to the breakdown. Friendship is not always idyllic; as people grow and change, their characters change too. System of values and personal beliefs, emotional pressure and relations with others, and even simply a bad mood can result in a breakdown. Reasons for the breakdown might be simple and even foolish, but the situation gets much worse when the reason is betrayal or an attack on one’s system of values. Analysis of the reasons for the miscommunication is the starting point, as the subsequent course of actions to make peace between the two parties entirely depends on the initial causes. Having determined the cause, one should continue and decide what should be told to both parties and in what manner to prepare both of the friends psychologically to resolve the conflict. One should think clearly and logically, without taking one of the sides to determine mistakes, possible arguments, and counter-arguments that the two parties might have. It is necessary to determine the strongest offenses made by each of the parties. The offense is what one should target to change the mindset of the friends during the conversation. The next stage is the actual conversation with both of the friends. One should keep in mind, that there are no situations that are entirely black or white. Neither one of the parties is innocent; so, one has t
Introduction World history, in general, and particularly American history over the past eighty years has been shaped with events that are memorable. Some of those events were tragic, while others would fill one with nostalgia; a longing for things as they used to be, and compelling one to be averse to change. However, change is inevitable, and the last century has not been any different from its predecessors in paying homage to this one unchanging phenomenon that is change itself. Things are no longer the way they used to be, and with the passing of time, change seems to be catching up faster than it has hitherto been. This article is the result of a conversation with Mr. Mark Houghton (not his real name, for the sake of his privacy). He is an octogenarian who gives his views concerning the unfolding of events in the mid twentieth century to-date, and how the same have impacted his life; influencing event the decisions he needed to make from a personal perspective. Mark Houghton as a Youngster Born in 1932, Mr. Houghton was the third son in a family of four boys and two girls. Their family lived in Pennsylvania and were neither affluent nor poor, since his parents worked at a retail outlet that thrived with the oil mining industry’s growth. Although the years during which he was born were difficult times for the whole of the United States populace, he was too young to have any inkling that circumstances were dire. Houghton only realized that there was a change from normality when, one day, his father never went to the store as he usually did. Houghton was six years old at the time. He would usually accompany his father to the store, and cherished the times that they spent together. All that changed when his father, Houghton Senior, decided to look for employment. “Pursuing greener pastures,” s
Executive Summary Eco Dryers is a company that intends to export clothes dryers from Sydney, Canada to China. The Chinese market in the cloth drying industry has not been unexploited due to several reasons that border on the culture of the country. The economic status of its citizens also plays a major role in determining their ability to pay the bills or purchase the cloth dryers. The company advances the best strategies of changing the beliefs of the peoples and ensuring they can acquire machines at pocket friendly prices. The management of the company is done initially by a seven-staff member group that is headed by the C.E.O. Majority of these, particularly those in the distribution channel, is the locals who are familiar with the location and the culture of the country. The remuneration basis is through the basic salary, commissions or a share of the profit depending on the post held. The company intends to start small and grow gradually and increase the distribution centers in the country. In the process adequate marketing strategies are used after a careful analysis of the market itself. The market is divided into the locals and the foreigners among others. With this, the company is set to achieve its goal as initially planned. Introduction Technology has been beneficial to humans in the recent past and continues to benefit him as better and more advanced machines are developed around the world every day. Among some of the great inventions that are beneficial to him is the clothes dryer machine that has eliminated the dependency on sunlight. Since its manufacture, the clothes dyer comes in different capacities to suit different client tastes. It has particularly been useful in countries that experience the four seasons in a year especially winter. Moreover, it becomes readily useful in cases of long rains when one still wishes to dry their clothes. China is an expansive country that boosts of the largest population in the world. This is the most promising attribute for any new business venture as one is guaranteed of a large consumer market. However, this may not be the direct case in as pertains to the clothes dryer machine business in the country. The clothes dyer machine businesses exists in the country but has failed to generate any substantial returns for the proprietors. Business people vending the clothes dryers currently complain of low sales of up to two machines in a year. Foreigners are perceived as the largest market for the machines in the countries. The main reasons advanced for the poor performance are the people’s culture that tends to value nature above technology; the price of the machines and the cost of electricity consumed by the machine. Other minor reasons such as space consumption and the benefits of sun drying are also advanced. The export business is intended to counter these barriers and alter the current statistics of the clothes dryer machine business statistics in the country. Mission The company’s mission is to popularize the use of cost effective and environment friendly mach
Executive Summary Value management comprises an important aspect in the management of construction projects. It promotes the value of a project to various internal and external stakeholders. The value of the project improves due to the consideration of various value elements. Therefore, in a bid to be successful in value management, it is imperative for project owners to define the project objectives clearly. Secondly, the value driver in the project should be outlined clearly. Furthermore, it is also imperative for the project owner to appreciate the existence of risks, which might affect the project outcomes. The consideration of these elements fosters the value of the project to the various project stakeholders. This report illustrates the value management and risk management aspects to be considered by the local government authority in the UK in implementing a construction project aimed at improving the society’s welfare. Introduction Projects have become a fundamental approach through which governments are adopting in an effort to improve the welfare of the general population. Some of the major projects that have been initiated by different governments relate to the construction of public utilities such as sports centres and transport networks. Additionally, the degree of complexity and costs of projects vary across different set ups. Nevertheless, it is crucial for contractors to adopt effective project management practices in order to deliver value to the target stakeholders. Therefore, the incorporation of optimal value and risk management practices is critical in the delivery of projects. Dallas (111) proposes that value management ensures that the end-user requirements and the project owners’ values are maximised. Thus, value management focuses on maximising the functional benefit of the project. Conversely, risk management minimises deviation from the desired project outcome. The definition of value is subjective, which means that it depends on the prevailing context. Some of the major contexts of value relate to the exchange value, environmental value, social value, the use value, and image value. Despite variation in its meaning, value is comprised of different value drivers. Dallas asserts that values drivers “include the benefits that contribute to the value of the completed project to the different stakeholders” (125). Failure to incorporate value drivers limits the effectiveness with which a project attains its desired objectives. The concepts of risk and value management are based on results. Therefore, it is essential for project managers to formulate performance measures to assess the outcomes attained. This goal can be attained by incorporating a number of generic drivers (Dallas 126). Purpose In its quest to improve the welfare of its citizens, the local government authority in the UK has allocated £ 9.5 million to be us
In Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) and National Public Radio (NPR ), and National Public Radio, a proactive society is created in terms of norms and values, thanks to the organization’s beneficial system benefits the contributors’ financiers alike. Many organizations exist, but the word “benevolent society” refers to an organization that exists solely for the benefit of its members, their families, or designated beneficiaries during times of adversity, such as illness or financial necessity. Charitable organizations help those in need by providing insurance for life, accidents, health issues, and burial. Fraternal societies, fraternal orders, close associations, and societies of close friends are all examples of benevolent organizations. Any organization that exists solely for the benefit of its members, their families, and any other designated beneficiaries are referred to as a “benefiting association.” NPR’s and MADD’s cultural modes will serve as examples of diverse institutions by preserving and transmitting cultural heritage and promoting contemporary artists’ work. Because of this, listeners will enjoy a rich and meaningful audio aesthetic experience that will enrich and inspire the human spirit. In its journalistic mode of operation, National Public Radio will actively investigate, investigate, and interpret national and international issues as they arise. The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is a public television and radio network. If an individual has a better understanding of themselves, their society, and the world around them, they will be able to participate more actively in the process of change. Individual donors, corporations and foundations, government grants, in-kind donations, licenses, promotional activities, and restricted funds are all funding sources for MADD and Nation Public Radio. It is possible to secure public funding for this critical work directly related to reducing the number of deaths and injuries in our country. When it comes to drunk driving deaths and injuries, the numbers are down, but the crime rate continues to soar. When it comes to raising public awareness about the dangers of drinking and driving, today’s world has changed dramatically since MADD was founded in 1988. The organization must balance gaining public support and changing public opinion. Participants in MADD and NPR activities receive different benefits. Some population segments will benefit from improved and more comprehensive schemes and structures. On the other hand, those who have risen through the ranks have developed a more self-sufficient set of values that are not dependent on the support of their employers. Cultural norms and expectations can significantly impact a household’s consumption, savings, and investment decisions. People’s values and beliefs can either help or hinder their efforts to achieve financial security. They can cause people to take a more immediate view of their lives, limiting their ability to invest in the long term. Some people cannot afford to buy houses and then resell them for a profit, while others do not
Problem Definition Machine translation accuracy is a relevant topic, and technology that can successfully convert text from one language into another while keeping the meaning as similar as possible is in high demand. According to Anggaira and Hadi (2017), Google Translate is an inadequate tool for the purpose, mainly when translating less common languages. The software tends to commit numerous morphological and syntax mistakes, and a human language expert should analyze the output to fix errors and correct misinterpreted passages. As such, the problems that the solution attempted to address were the low accuracy and frequent errors committed by the program, particularly when working with less popular languages. According to Castelvecchi (2016), Google’s algorithms previously did not rely on artificial neural networks, working with traditional methods. Castelvecchi (2016) notes that the tool would scan text word by word, browsing through its database of existing translations and looking for similar situations. The approach is effective at parsing shorter, uncomplicated sentences, but intricate word constructions can severely confuse the machine and cause the structure of the text past the problematic segment to crumble. According to Castelvecchi (2016), Google had to implement an approach that would be able to analyze a sentence by starting from the smallest syntax units and combining them to form meanings. Task Definition Machine translation tools accept text in a predefined language as an input and return writing with the same meaning in another requested language as an output. According to Sreelekha, Bhattacharyya, and Malathi (2016), the market for the technology will grow in the future, and translation speed, cost, and quality are all significant factors in the success of an application. Google’s service provides translations adequately quickly and is free for customers, leaving the concern of quality. As almost all machine translations are flawed, the field represents a vital area for improvement if a company wants to obtain an advantage over its competitors. Expanding the application’s vocabulary and improving its understanding of intricate text constructions contribute to the enhancement of the translation process. According to Li, Zhang, and Zong (2016), unknown words represent a significant challenge for machine translation systems, as they are challenging to handle when the system knows
The 1990 article “What Leaders Really Do” by J. P. Kotter provides the reader with an utterly unusual perspective on the topic of leadership (Kotter, 1990). It is stated that management is different from leadership mainly by function and the ways and means of performing them. Managers are to tackle the complexity of the company on all its levels, which is why they are responsible for budget planning, organizing staff, monitoring, and resolving issues as they arise. At the same time, leaders are liable for goal-setting and decision-making, as well as communicating their expectations to the employees and motivating them. In the first aspect, leaders set the direction the company should take and voice their vision of reaching the aim, while short- and long-term planning is the liability of the management. The second aspect describes how managers and leaders treat human resource: while the former design a human system to most effectively turn their plans into practice, the latter align the employees to make sure they have received, understood, and believed the leader’s visions and directives. At that, the author speaks of leadership as the source of empowerment while management is regarded as a secondary means of aiming the human resources at the same goal. As the third and final aspect in which management and leadership differ implies, managers monitor while leaders motivate. Managerial control is primarily targeted at ensuring the ways of achieving the leadership’s goals are safe and cost-neutral.
“Du Tenth” is a Chinese love story that shows the relations between passionate love and conformation to social norms. This story shows the traditional roles of men and women from the past of China and how love is sometimes blinded by things such as money, control, and they want to be accepted in society. Although from a different time and culture, the moral lessons and themes from these stories can be compared to the Greek story “Bacchae”, where a half-man, half-god gives the power to the women of the village to unite and fight against the oppressions that tradition has placed upon the role of women. The fact is that money as in most communities is essential for survival. Money is often regarded as something more valuable than the human being itself. Money and the consideration of prosperity often discourage lots of individuals from things adored by people, as, for instance: family, wife/husband, and one’s own feelings. Feng Meng-long’s story, “Du Tenth Sinks the Jewelry Box in Anger”, is a genuine depiction of how money is estimated in the relations between Du Tenth and Li Jia. Du Tenth regards money as not what she estimates the most all through life while Li Jia appears to think only about money and the impact it has upon Du Tenth. Li Jia’s constant staying only because of money seems to Du Tenth too suspicious, and he starts disliking it. It became one of the reasons why she did not survive. In this story, love relations are depicted to have a charge and that charge factually becomes the