ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article written by Paul Solomon focuses on the necessity to change Earned Value Management (EVM) Standard and practices used by the Department of Defense. The scholar believes that federal agencies need adopt the models used by commercial companies. The author identifies several limitations of current approach. Overall, the author’s argument is rather convincing because he provides specific examples that describe the limitation of the existing EVM practices. Moreover, he provides a compelling justification for the future reform of the EVM standards and regulations. Paul Solomon points out that existing approach to EVM takes into account quantitative aspects of work, but overlooks quality. For instance, earned value is often measured on the basis of software modules that have been completed; however, little attention is being paid to the functionality of this software (Solomon, 2010, p. 19). Moreover, some contractors do not report that they increase the number of drawings without changing functional characteristics of hardware or software. To a great extent, these strategies create the illusion of progress because contractors do not show whether the project is close to completion. More likely, they report the activities that they have already undertaken. In other words, contractors often misrepresent the results of their work. The failure to use technical performance measures can profoundly affect the Department of Defense because there will be a gap between EVM reported by contractors and the performance of their projects. Secondly, the author argues that existing practices do not take into consideration such a factor as risk. The author argues that risk mitigation plans have to be included in the schedules and estimations of contractors and project managers (Solomon, 2010, p. 20). These are the main problems that the author tries to address. Paul Solomon believes that the majority of private companies have already rejected the practices used by the Department of Defense and other federal agencies (Solomon, 2010, p. 19). The author believes that the future reform should incorporate technical performance of projects and risk management procedures into EVM. Different approaches have already been adopted by private companies, and they yield better results (Solomon, 2010, p. 19). This importance of this reform becomes more evident if one takes into that the Department of Defense cooperates with hundreds of contractors, and their unreliable reporting will prevent this organization from attaining its goals. On the whole, it is possible to agree with the arguments advanced by Paul Solomon. Many researchers and project managers insist that Earned Value Management should be based on the measurement of functionality, design, performance, rather than merely quanti
Clearly, the author is writing about the fact of racism, minorities and majorities, and violence that stems from it all. He makes clear in the introduction that he understands the problems with racism and violence by explaining that he often lectures on the subject. His work is complex, as he explains when he writes, “What I have attempted to show is that the origins of lethal youth violence lie in a complex set of influences.” “Tipping point” is the period at which a problem occurs and reaches epidemic proportions. For the author, it is the fundamental period in the heightening of an epidemic problem. Additionally, the author explains
Introduction The free Imperial city of Nuremberg was at the height of prosperity during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries during which period there was also great progress in the realms of arts and science. Science was supported by patrician families. Merchants and artist-craftsman promoted the arts. Merchants brought from their trading journeys to Antwerp and Venice examples of Flemish and Italian art while the craftsmen produced through strenuous work, some of the chief masterpieces in stone carving and wrought ironwork. Nuremberg is best known for its preservation of its ancient medieval aspect. The city has great architectural beauty and among the historic buildings are the churches of St. Sebald (1225–73), St. Lorenz (13th–14th cent.), St. Jacob (14th cent.), and Our Lady (1352–61); the Hohenzollern castle (11th–16th cent.); the old city hall (1616–22); and the house (now a museum) where Albrecht Dürer lived from 1509 to 1528. Main text Nuremberg was also the home to sculptors such as Adam Kraft, Veit Stoss, and Peter Vischer, and the painter and woodcarver Michael Wolgemut. The city was thus an early center of humanism, science, printing, and mechanical invention. The humanist scholars W. Pirkheimer and C. Celtes lectured in the city. German humanism had originated in Italy. Based on the study of the writings of classical authors, philosophers and artists, the desire was to create a revival, a spiritual rebirth that could lead to a life of peace and liberty in social harmony (Osmond 18). The return to the classical world was seen as providing an ideal model for a new society and culture. Nuremberg in Durer’s day was governed by patrician families under their supreme head the Kaiser (Allen 8). The cultural flowering of Nuremberg in the 15th and 16th centuries made it the center of the German Renaissance. Among the artists who were born or lived there, the painter and printmaker Albrecht Dürer was the greatest. The city was also an early center of humanism, science, printing, and mechanical invention (Allen 8). The importance of the Nuremberg school of painting was advanced due to the art of printing from woodblocks, which gave the artists a cheap and rapid method of reproducing their work (Allen 9). Albert Durer was born in Nuremberg, May 21, 1471 and died there on April 6, 1528. Like Leonardo da Vinci, he wrote treatises on mathematics, chemistry, hydraulics, anatomy and other scientific subjects (Choulant et al 143). He perfected the art which existed at that time in the country. He was one of the fine artists in Germany wh
Introduction Tiffany and Co. was started in 1837 in the U.S.A. As of January 2012, the Company had over 247 retail stores and boutiques worldwide. It is a holding company operating through subsidiary corporations. It uses direct selling techniques of the Internet, business gift operations and catalogs for its main products like jewelry, timepieces, sterling silverware, china, crystal, stationery, fragrances, and accessories. In the fiscal year 2011,
Map comparison As portrayed by the map of Central America characterized by varied climatic conditions, it is apparent that the physical geography of this region has played a big role responsible in modifying the climatic conditions of the same. As such, the climatic conditions of specific regions offset each other displaying unique climatic conditions to totally unique regions. Basically, the Northern part of Central America is characterized by arid and semiarid climatic conditions with precipitation not exceeding 50 mm. However, with the presence of Plateau of Mexico that cut across this region the climatic conditions has greatly been modified. As such, just on the plateau the region is typified by highland climate that receives rainfall not exceeding 200 mm (Schaefer 302). Generally, with the presence of a plateau we expect the immediate, adjacent land masses to experience distinct climatic conditions on either side of the same. To this end, one side i.e. the windward side is expected to receive considerable precipitation relative to the other side. However, for the Plateau of Mexico a totally different climate is observed; it is bordered by arid and semiarid climates even though there is a presence of a water body (Pacific Ocean) on its left. As the land mass narrows down to the South the presence of ocean currents on either side of the land is the reason behind the climatic conditions. This region is characterized by humid equatorial climate receiving rainfall above 200 mm. From figures 4-5 and 4-6 of the map of Central American geographical region, one can clearly distinguish between the Mainland and Rimland regions. In essence, these two regions are distinct in both cultural and economic fronts. As regards cultural composition, the Mainland is composed Euro-Amerindian cultural group of Spanish origin that stretches along the western coastal strip to the larger Mexican state. In the contrary, the eastern costal strip stretching to the coastal strip of Costa Rica and, the Caribbean islands are mostly dominated by Euro-Africans mainly of British, French and Dutch origin. Basically, the population composition is a consequence of slave trade that characterized the region in the early 18 th century owing to a dwindling Amerindian population. As regards economic front these regions exhibit utterly dissimilar characteristics. In particular, the agricultural sector is totally different. The Rimland region is distinguished by plantations that grow one type of crop while the Mainland is distinguished by hacienda. Moreover, as opposed to the Rimland the Mainla
Research is a natural component of our everyday life because we knowingly or unknowingly use it to obtain knowledge about issues and situations that present in our immediate environment (Understanding Research, n.d.). When I was doing voluntary work for a certain non-governmental agency, I was confronted with the issue of increasing husband battery by spouse. Upon dealing with several cases and observing the battered individuals, I was able to reveal a relationship between husband battery and job loss. Almost all of the battered husbands presenting at the agency for assistance reported they had recently lost their jobs or were in some financial difficulties. Consequently, I was able to establish that financial/economic status is a predictor to domestic violence directed at men by their spouses. Of course I did not apply all the steps of the research process, which include: (1) selecting and developing a research question, (2) generating a research hypothesis, (3) forming operational definitions, (4) choosing a research design, (5) evaluating the ethics, (6) completing the design of the study, (7) collecting data, (8) analyzing the data and developing conclusions, and (9) reporting the research reports (McBride, 2009). Specifically, I omitted the steps of generating the research hypothesis, choosing a research design, evaluating the ethics, completing the design of the paper and analyzing data. The main reason for these omissions is that my study was basically informal and directed by the urge to know why cases of husband battery by spouse were on the increase. Additionally, I was not aware of the existence of sequential steps involved in conducting a research study and was only interested in gaining knowledge for personal consumption. It is my belief that the results would have been different if all steps had been followed, especially when it comes to validity of the results and generalizing the findings to a larger population. My inability to develop the research hypotheses and select an appropriate research design, for instance, meant that my results were largely subjective. The list of steps of the research process, in my view, is useful for all research problems, but this does not mean that the steps must be applied sequentially as demonstrated above. Indeed, researchers have been known to work on a number of steps at once or may even move back and forth among the steps, not mentioning that others add some steps such as reviewing existing l
To begin with it is necessary to mention, that infant teenager’s mind is too susceptible for any information. Thus, teenagers take cue from the authorities they choose for themselves, and if the authority chooses something, it automatically denotes, that adolescent would choose the same. Promoters aim teens as teens are just start establishing their buying customs. Their moms bought Crest, so now that they’re 17, they want to buy Colgate (or some other brand). They’re starting their exceptional identity outer of family. In this kind of purchaser culture we use buying to replicate our distinctiveness, and that’s what youngsters are all about. The culture of promotion associates one’s individual identity with his / her buying performance, and that’s a big matter. One’s individual identity is all enfolded up in what you own, so your individuality is kind of delicate. “I have this trademark” “I own this chill gadget.” That’s not much of an individuality to go on. There are maybe too many kids in the USA who provide a lot in instituting their individuality by what they purchase in the shopping mall instead of by hard work, enhancing their creative, contact and writing capabilities, and their aptitude. It is considered that’s the largest way promoters affect teens harmfully. The acquiring of products becomes an alternate for defining who you are. One of the things that troubles adults a lot is the way advertisers use sexuality to vend to teens. One instance is the way that power drinks like Red Bull are advertised. Women generally do not drink them as most of the time it is advertised for men. Promoters have distinguished that most of us are comatose about the way color can be attached to individuality and sensation. And an energy drink in a black bottle with bright red letters touches a type of maleness various from a light green bottle with yellow letters. Advertising empowers gender identity in ways that from time to time people are not even
Introduction Animals are widely used for sports and entertainment purposes. For example, killer whales (Orcas) held in captivity have been used for entertainment purposes for a long time. Use of killer whales in sports and entertainment industries has been overlooked and this has encouraged the practice (Farnham par3). My research validates the claim that killer whales are widely used in the sports and entertainment industries. My research question will focus on determining whether the use of killer whales for entertainment is ethical. My research question is: should killer whales be used for sports and entertainment? This practice should be illegalized because it exposes orcas to injuries, mistreatment, and poor living conditions. In addition, it exposes trainers to injuries and even death. This research undertaking seeks to reach out to proprietors of circuses and other sporting events that use killer whales for amusement. In addition, it intends to reach out to animal rights activists who have done little to address the issue. Review of sources I have reviewed literature from several textbooks and current articles from the internet that address the issue. Sources reviewed to support the proposition that killer whales should not be used for entertainment and sports. According to Hile (77), the use of killer whales in entertainment should be illegalized because their rights are violated. He explains that the rights of killer whales are violated during capture and training. In addition, conditions under which they live are unfavorable because they are different from conditions found in their natural habitats. Atkinson and Young (65) argue that animals are severely mistreated and mishandled. Animal welfare is an important aspect for consideration. This argument is advanced by Webster (84) who argues that the use of animals in sports and entertainment goes against the promotion of their welfare. Killer whales are removed from their natural habitats and transferred to artificial environments. This affects their growth and well-being. Information from online sources explores this topic deeply. According to Harris, transfer of whales form natural habitats, and bullying during training are reasons why they kill their trainers (par6). The source discusses how killer whales are treated during training and explains why they develop aggressive behaviors toward
General Overview Business plans are essential for business startups. A well-designed plan describes the strategies the owners will employ to achieve efficiency and cost-effectiveness in the business venture. For a restaurant, a business plan discloses the firm’s history, marketing strategies, leadership structure, financial performance, market niche, and risk management strategies. Zara Restaurant & Lounge, a business venture located in Midtown Atlanta, provides “a tapas lounge, a cosmopolitan bar, and a full service dining” under one establishment ( Bplans, 2010, Para. 4). It offers a broad range of ethnic foods and entertainment that appeal to both young and elderly clients. This paper evaluates Zara’s business plan, including its financial plan, management team, and marketing strategies in order to determine the restaurant’s internal strengths and potential to attract investors. Major Components of the Plan A good business plan for a new restaurant describes how the owner(s) intends to run the business. It details the firm’s key features, including its services/products, target market, financial position, and industry. The major components of Zara’s business plan include “executive summary, company summary, services, market analysis summary, strategy and implementation summary, management summary and financial plan” ( Bplans, 2010). The executive summary of Zara’s business plan is well organized. It describes the restaurant’s mission, keys to success, and objectives. Zara’s mission statements, immediate goals, and competitive strategies are written in a formal and detailed manner that can appeal to investors. Moreover, this section describes in detail Zara’s products, which include “eclectic menu featuring regional specialties, Spanish ceviche, Thai and Indian curries, and local crab cakes” ( Bplans, 2010, Para. 6). It also describes Zara’s financial highlights, and competitive strategies. Among the major strengths of this plan is its description of the current and future sales and profitability estimates. The details will help potential investors to know the scheduled time for dividends. The section also includes cost estimates of labor, revenue, and projected sales. However, Zara’s executive summary does not catalogue the characteristics of its target market and the identities of the management (start-up) team. Ideally, the ‘company summary’ section should describe the firm and the management team. In this section, Zara’s business plan gives the company background, ownership, restaurant location and design, operating criteria, and start-up capital. The inclusion of the summary of Zara’s start-up capital lends credence to this business plan. In the ownership section, the plan depicts Zara’s founders (Zander Hunte and Peter Smith) as qualified individuals with vast experience in the restaurant industry. The section also includes diagrams (start-up chart and table), which allow potential investors to visualize Zara’s start-up capital that currently stands at $690,119 ( Bplans, 2010). The next secti
Background The biochemistry of animal bodies is complex and demanding. In biochemistry, we study the functioning of various body cells including tissues and other subsets that play a significant role in the biological and clinical heterogeneity. Of recently, the extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) has taken the world of biochemical research like a storm. Primarily, they are T-cell malignancies composed in the lymphomas and they are useful in both clinical and biological processes. Both radiotherapy and chemotherapy of ENKL are complex processes. As we know, a patient needs radiotherapy especially at the early stages when the disease had not spread. However, at advanced stages, chemotherapy becomes necessary. Nonetheless, at advanced stages, chemotherapy is not possible due to resistance followed by poor prognosis (Kohrt & Advani, 2010, p. 1395). This paper discusses risk stratification in extra nodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. In other words, this article is a summary of various facets of biology, biochemical pathogenesis, and the clinical practices that create impact to not only heterogeneity, but also the development of new techniques of treating ENKL amid the pathologic, genetic, and medical risk factors. Researchers and medics have done their best to unravel the biology and prognosis of lymphoma without much success. Nevertheless, people suffering from ENKL must continuously medical attention in order to minimize chances of going for therapies. Methods The T-cell NK/T lymphoma is not only a rare biological complication, but also its distinct extranodal characteristics make it complex and a natural killer. The extranodal types include the nasal type (ENKL) and the NK -cell leukemias. According to WHO researchers, an emerging subtype of T-cell lymphoma, NK-cell neoplasm, is under investigation. Of great concern to experts is the aggressive nature of these subtypes given that clinical practices and administration is similar to that of acute leukemia. Depending on one’s geographical location, the complexity of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma varies. For instance, in Western countries the most common subtype is sinonasal lymphoma because the people have large B-cell histology. Characterized by a series of systemic symptoms and tissue invasion, medics have not fully discovered the overall prognosis due to frequent relapse or in some cases, resistance to cure. Additionally, other characteristics of ENKL that make it complex include exclusive manifestation and uneven clinical phenotype. Others include the polymorphic nasty reticulosis that exhibits spiteful entities, and lethal midline granuloma appearing in the form of immunoproliferative lesion. Tumors are common for extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma and they cause vascular destruction. In addition to this, the tumors cause pathological angiocentricity and tissue necrosis making the disease even more complex to treat. However, researchers have devised new methods to investigate this biological complication through NK-cell neoplasms and lineage markers. Based on the immunohistochemistry, it is easier to identify T-cell phenotypes and other associated an