ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Non-inertial frame of reference is one of the most fundamental concepts of physics, it is however imperative to understand these fundamentals of a non-inertial force in order to fully appreciate its implication and relevance in the modern world. Non-inertial frame of reference essentially implies a form of reference that is currently or continuously undergoing a motion (acceleration or even deceleration) in a given vector or scalar form of motion. As explained by the Einstein relativity concept, this form of motion does not fundamentally obey the provided laws of physics, instead, a fictitious force should be introduced in order for the motion to be determined unlike in the inertial frame of reference where the point of reference is based on a motionless observer. As also compared to an inertial frame of reference, it is worth noting that the Newtonian three laws are not obeyed by this form of reference. This is because this form of reference changes with respect to changing velocity, its frame of reference therefore accelerates or decelerates in an undefined direction of motion. Notably, the law of inertia does not hold in this case since the forces acting on an accelerating observer are fictitious in nature and therefore cannot be fully accounted for. One example of this scenario is the force that seemed applied to a passenger in a moving vehicle when it stops or suddenly accelerates. The force felt by the passenger is due to the motion of the car and not due to his/her motion, the perceived experienced force as a result of the car’s deceleration or acceleration is therefore fictitious. Theories related to non-inertial reference One of the theories closely related to the non-inertial reference is the Einstein relativity theory. The idea in t
The Fascist’ Style of Rule’ is a book authored by Alexander J. De Grand and first published by Routledge in 1995; since then, the book has been revised in later editions. It is about fascism and Nazism, especially that which existed during the reign of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. It covers the entire reign of Adolf Hitler as the leader of the Nazi party and that of Mussolini as the leader and pioneer of fascism. The book provides concise and provocative highlights on fascism and Nazism as experienced in Italy and Germany respectively. The author examines various aspect related to these two regimes including their similarities and differences at their infant stage of development, use of power by Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, the connection between the two dictators and their regimes, and policies that impacted on the culture, youth and women. The author utilizes thought-provoking and original points of views that are backed by current historical research. Although De Grand makes a general comparison of the two regimes, he provides specific details to support his ideas. Note that the second edition of this book provides a comprehensive discussion on the military role within the two movements. The author approves of the emergence of fascism and Nazism as reactions to specific “problems inherent in the structure of liberal politics” at the time (De Grand 5). This is indicated in his relative examination of the development of Nazism and Fascism, and especially where he explores the issues that form the basis of support for these parties by the disgruntled middle-classes of Germany and Italy after the World War I. What is more, the author views these developments as solutions to the society, indicating their similarities and differences in approaching the crisis that existed within Europe, and arguing in favor of the fascist rule. Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany is intended for scholarly purpose although it should charm many lay leaders. It explores the nature and history of fascism and Nazism touching on the leadership of Mussolini of Italy and Hitler of Germany. This is ideal for academician wishing to venture into or beyond advanced subjects like the holocaust, military and political events, and leaders. Furthermore, its clarity in presentation of vital and complex historical ideas is a motivation for scholars to debate on various arguments and thesis.
Today, we all live in a free society, which provides the population with a wide range of opportunities, emphasizing their equality in rights and liberty. People are considered initially innocent so that the law does not hurt them until their guilt is proved at a fair trial. Such approach is now the basis of the Bill of Rights, according to which the life of the society is ordered. Currently, depending on the financial situation that is experienced by the accused, one can hire an attorney who will try to prove his innocence or will be provided with a free public defender. However, this approach is not universal, and in Florida, those individuals who are not able to afford an attorney do not receive assistance and are expected to defend themselves. Thus, people today tend to question the role of the court, as they are not sure whether the trial can be considered fair when not all accused individuals are treated in the same way and have equal opportunities and rights. They also say that it may be advantageous if the states that already have some differences in the law would be given additional latitude to affect this situation. The problems highlighted previously can be discussed referring to the case that took place in Florida and attracted enormous public attention being discussed in a book and in a movie. Gideon’s Trumpet is a case study that reveals the situation in which a poor man was accused and had to defend himself in the court. Clarence Gideon broke into the Bay Harbor poolroom to rob it. The book written by Anthony Lewis reveals all stages of the judicial process that occurred after the petty larceny, which provides an opportunity to trace the events, discuss the role of the court in them and consider opportunities for improvement. The author considered Gideon’s case from various perspectives, allowing the readers to understand the judicial system better (Lewis 19). Still, even in this situation, people cannot come to the consensus. Some believe in the judicial self-restraint and are sure that the states should have an opportunity to consider how their legal system works without outside influences. They claim that social problems such as indigence should not interfere with the judicial system, and the court should not try to meet the needs and expectations of every person. Thus, those rights that poor people have should not be altered if the state is not willing to implement changes. Still, others believe that if the Bill of Rights ensures the opportunity to have a fair trial, equal conditions for all offenders should be maintained. They state that all individuals regardless of their financial condition should be able to receive an attorney. This debate is not over yet, and the role the courts in the country remains vague. In Gideon’s case, the man was arrested for the alleged commission of a crime. At that time he was not even aware of the right to have an attorney who would have protected him. After the preliminary examination, the grand jury indictment was made as well as the arraignment. The offender requested for assigned counsel but received refusal and had to be his own lawyer. Being not a profession
General overview The Arts and Crafts movement occurred as a result of the conflict of design, structure, and materials when designers and artists refused to apply the principle of contemporary design to the architectural objects, decorations, sculpture, and installations. This became a challenge to the existing principles and the same designers that were advocating the use of inappropriate materials earlier had established new rules for the application. In this respect, the Arts and Crafts movement in design signified the birth of the new direction in theory and practice which had drawn a wide response all over the world. The major influence of this movement can be observed in Britain and the United States of America where the major principles of this style were applied to architectural objects, installations, furniture, embroidery, and other items. Three significant philosophical ideals of the movement Ideals manifested in the 19 th century . The ideals of the Arts and Crafts movement manifested in the 19 th century included the denial of the artificial structures and decorations; the designers sought to create more natural looks and outfits to reach the naturally appropriate materials. As such, rural design is the first of the three significant ideals of this movement because the natural outfit was valued and the natural materials as well as motifs were used in the design in various applications. The second significant ideal of the Arts and Crafts movement can be seen through the reality prism as the objects were made to look as real as possible. In this respect, some objects such as sculptures and installations were left unfinished to make them look more natural and realistic. The same factor was applied to design where different decorative elements such as carpets, vases, wallpapers, and other items were made with the help of simple but natural ornaments that would not distract the observer’s attention from the object decorated with a particular element. The third significant ideal is the quality of materials which can be considered to have influenced the modernism as the style in architecture and design. Besides, the quality of materials was questioned in terms of the appropriateness of materials to the objects made of them. For instance, the natural fabrics, objects made of wood and glass were introduced into the mass production whereas inappropriate materials were eliminated from usage. To sum up, the three significant ideals of the Arts and Crafts movement manifested in the 19 th century include rural elements/motifs, real/natural look which was sometimes reached through unfinished works, and quality of materials. Reflections of the ideals of Arts and Crafts Movement . Reflections of the Arts and Crafts movement can be seen all over the world while the movement itself became the origin and inspiration for other movements and style in different types of media such as books, sculpture, furniture, installations, and architecture. Alois Riegl from Vienna created a book Historical Grammar of the Visual Arts in 1905 (Figure 1) which reflects the rules and principles of the Art
Weird Science is a trend that will be impacting healthcare and workforce in general. For example, new technologies may be created that will be responsible for the treatment of patients, which will require less human control. This may incur a major loss of jobs in medical care institutions, including in rehab centers like my company. The use of human-free technologies is generally more profitable to the company, which is why the decision on whether or not to adopt these technologies will lie in the hands of higher management and owners. However, the HR department may mediate the adverse effect of the introduction of technology on the company’s workforce by protecting employee rights. The Global Diversity business trend is also affecting the company, as the cultures and demographics of patients and workers change over time. This Business Future is relevant to the HR department, as they can ensure that the company’s practices and regulations accommodate for a variety of workers from different cultures.
Introduction Media systems existed long before colonialism. Though most of the pre-colonial media systems were more localized, nonetheless, they served the same purpose as the contemporary media. In Africa, communities utilized their folk media structures to pass on information. This was in addition to the role of media as an educational tool. This paper covers media in the colonial era, media in the post-colonial era and its functions over these periods. The paper also covers how the pre-colonial and post-colonial government has interfered with the operations of the media. These folk media included songs, drama folktales, as well as village meetings headed by village elders (Eribo p. 35). These meetings were used to pass on important information about diseases and other topics of concern to the public. Just like in Africa, India’s messages were also passed on orally through music and poetry. Traditional dances and festivals were also regarded as very important forms of media (Kulke p. 304). Young children were educated on the expected societal norms through these traditional forms of media. The media during the Colonial Era The media industry underwent a major transformation with the onset of colonialism (Shaw p. 95). Consequently, traditional forms of media were slowly altered or completely done away with. More sophisticated forms of media were introduced and these mainly served the communication purpose of the colonizers. Nonetheless, the new media differed from country to country depending on the favored ideologies by the colonizers. Most of the colonizers either embraced socialism in line with the Soviet Union ideology or America’s capitalism (Giddens p. 50). Due to the high rates of illiteracy among the traditional folks, not much was achieved in terms of communication between the colonizers and the people. As a result, the colonizers continued to utilize traditional forms of media to communicate with the people. In Africa, most of the countries like Kenya were governed at the local level by chiefs selected by the colonizers. The chiefs acted as information mediators between the colonialists and the people. Indians embraced their cultural beliefs and practices and as such it took some time before the British colonizers in India broke the ice. Britain is known to follow the American ideologies of capitalism and this is what they introduced in India. How Europeans have influenced media development The media in India has been accused of having slow progress because of a low self-confidence caused by colonization. India was colonized by the British. The media reports negatively portray the Indians and the Indian culture hence promoting the negative view that western press hold. The Indian media also measure aspects of media using European standards. In Africa, the fact that the country was a British colony made it easier to embrace media development that had earlier on been adopted in India. At the height of colonialism, the media was
Franz Kafka’s “Metamorphosis” is a well knit literary piece in the fiction genre that puts together the shifting events of Gregor; a good man who turned into an insect and his world completely changed. The author takes the reader through Gregor’s black comical escapades that are more satirical than their surface depiction. This context embarks on an analysis of the key aspects of this book in a bid to unravel the author’s message, while at the same time noting the literary worth of Kafka’s masterpiece. A thorough scrutiny into Gregor experiences casts real scenes in Franz Kafka’s past life which was miserable and pathetic just like the symbolic cockroach Grogor metamorphosized into. Told from the third person perspective, Kafka uses an intelligent approach by narrating the story from the protagonist’s viewpoint, and all the readers use Gregor’s eyes as the lens to view the events in the story. Significant emphasis is attached to his feelings and thoughts in an effort to bring out his current understanding of the world prior to his mutation and after his metamorphosis. It is important to note that, irony is used to disapprove Gregor’s thoughts which were exactly the opposite in reality. The target audience in this story is the people who spend their entire life working to please others and forget about their own needs. Kafka’s choice of diction is sufficient and well calculated. The opening of the story clearly introduces the main story to the reader with the creation of a pathetic image in the mind of the readers. The words that Kafka uses to describe the insect Gregor changed into. ……“domelike brown belly divided into stiff arched segments on top” creates an image of a cockroach in the readers mind though Kafka does not directly mention the actual name of the insect. In addition, Kafka’s use of simple words and sentence structures that are easy to understand, makes reading this book an interesting experience. However, the author’s tone from the surface may be termed comic but a deeper analysis portrays a lot of satire and sarcasm. In the midst of comedy, the protagonist fights for his salvation from his guilt and alienation; all resulting from his working conditions. Among the major themes portrayed is alienation, which is facilitated by the irrational nature of the universe. Gregor was a good person who sacrificed his own life to work and take care of his family yet when the worst happened to him, they left him all alone. Disconnection of the mind from the body poses as another major theme. Though Gregor’s body has changed into an insect, his humanity remains. This further shows the unending conflict in the story as Gregor tries to make sense of his insect life on one side, and his family takes him for the pathetic cockroach he has become on t
Abstract The United States’ military budget is indeed on one of the highest across the globe. While territorial integrity and secure borders are mandatory, it is equally vital for the Department of Defense to re-evaluate its spending regimes in order to cut down on unnecessary costs. It is against this backdrop that USAF is in the process of reviewing military spending both on the domestic and international level. However, it is prudent to mention that the military budgetary allocation is mainly consumed in the international front to fight external aggressions. This implies that the US government may even be spending undisclosed amounts towards fighting acts of terror that are beyond its areas of interests. It will be prudent if monetary allocation to the military docket is reviewed and adjusted accordingly. For instance, there are some US military missions abroad that can be concluded as soon as possible. A case example of the withdrawal of the US troops from Iraq was indeed a bold step towards streamlining high military spending. If such missions can be reduced, then the Department of Defense can equally reduce its military expenses. Both the Commander-In-Chief of the armed forces and the key defense officials have agreed on the need to restructure manpower and tools of war in a bid to reduce overall expenditure. If this initiative will work, then the US government may have some reprieve in heavy budgetary allocation. Nonetheless, the use of Weapons of Mass Destruction (MDs) such as nuclear bombs should not be part of the military agenda. The latter may trigger further external aggression especially among states that consider themselves adversaries to the United States. Needless to say, any form of nuclear engagement by the US forces may only work against this grand plan to cut down expenses. Indeed, the fiscal constraints that are being experienced currently may get worse if strategic actions are not taken. Question : Considering future fiscal constraints, what capabilities should the American military, particularly USAF, emphasize to most effectively contribute to the strategy laid out in the January 2012 Strategy Guidance “Sustaining US Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense”? Identify and discuss at least 3 capabilities. It is definite that the United States military has been spending mammoth sums of money on military spending for the past one decade. The department of defense operates on a large budget that may not be manageable in the course of the 21 st century. Therefore, there is a need for USAF to develop outstanding strategies and capabilities that will be integral in addressing both the current and future fiscal constraints. It is also prudent to mention that these capabilities are aligned within lowering federal spending especially by the military. The Department of Defense has always reiterated that it will continue to invest in its military intelligence, reconnaissance and surveill
Interviews Every year more and more students made a decision to study abroad. That is why they are to understand a new language and interact with new culture. The concepts of global citizenship and intercultural communication occur to be the ones that help to understand this situation and processes connected with it. So I have paid attention to these two topics to deepen into the subject and provide some evaluation and recommendations that may help to enhance and streamline the adaptation. Two interviews were conducted to gain authoritative information. The first one was held in La Trobe University. Five students were chosen randomly and asked at lunchtime to answer six questions. The second interview took place beyond the campus. Five people of approximately the same age were selected. They were interviewed individually, and it took about five minutes to have a talk with one of them. The majority of interviewees answered the questions with no problems and provided me with the amount of information that was enough for me to make reflections. That is why I believe these interviews to be successful. The Concept of Global Citizenship I had always thought that the students can provide only some abstract information about global citizenship, so I was pleasantly surprised when they started to give a decent answer. Thus, the majority of the interviewed students claimed that the concept of global citizenship is applicable to a person who treats the humankind as a whole and believes that people should emphasize that they belong more to the global community than to the particular nation. The students of La Trobe University think that the most important is to understand that there are lots of people in the world, and all of them are connected with us. As for me, global citizenship is to be promoted in the course of education; I even see this perspective as the most significant one. I hoped that my idea would be shared and, fortunately, this happened. Even though not all students treated themselves as global citizens, they claimed to be equal with students of various nations and underlined that at school they were already taught some aspects of global citizenship education. The teachers explained them the peculiarities of widely-known cultures and made them tolerant. They also got to know about the opportunities of international education. On this basis, students believed that it is important to continue developing global consciousness and global competence so that it would be even easier to interact with various people (Hail, 2015). Those who do not study at La Trobe University say that they are tolerant of people from all over the world, but they believe that national citizenship is greater than the global one. Thus, they were divided in opinion with the students, who understand that global citizenship and national citizenship are significant for the process of shaping one’s identity. Intercultural Communication and Its Peculiarities Preparing the question about the representatives of a culture they would like to get in touch, I was almost sure that the majority will name Chinese. Due to the rapid technological development in the country,