ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Table 1. Bloom, 2017; Josephson, 2020. Undoubtedly, the regular tax payments for social services should be reduced to increase medicine availability. Without going into detail about the benefits of affordable medicine, it is only essential to clarify that this policy has serious advantages for the government, so officials should take care of developing optimal insurance programs. Although the total payments for three people are minimal in the first scenario, the same payments for each citizen are characterized by “dystopia” and injustice. The financing should be progressive: those who earn more, pay more. For this particular case, doubling the payroll tax would be ideal, as it is a compromise between equal payments and overpriced insurance. The insurance market has grown in recent decades. “ Health & medical insurance ” (2018) has reported a 1.5 increase in the market value since 2010. The expansion of plans can hardly be called a wrong action by the authorities. On the contrary, according to the fundamental laws of the market economy, the higher the competition, the better the quality of services provided. Thus, every citizen who registers in Medicare can choose a specific plan depending on financial possibilities and expectations from insurance. The emergence of such diversity stimulated the demand, as it had affected more different cohorts among the population. In other words, those citizens who previously refused insurance because of travels in the country can now use HMO-POS. Alternatively, if a person wants to save on insurance, the HMO will be optimal. At least six factors have been identified that affect the demand and pricing in the health insurance market. First of all , it is citizens’ general welfare: if a person has much money, works responsibly, and pays taxes, the cost of insurance must remain acceptable. Secondly , it is the prices for developing high-tech medical services. It is unprofitable for clients to pay for medicine on their own, but choosing insurance will save money. In addition , the medical culture of the population is an important factor: if citizens realize the importance of taking care of their health and the benefits of insurance programs, it increases the demand. Fourthly , the format of relations with government policy may reduce or increase demand for services, because it is known that private insurance pla
Introduction For the last two decades, there has been a tremendous change in as far as the local as well as global communication patterns of individuals are concerned. This is largely due to the inception of the Internet. Crystal (2001) notes, “Previously, linguists have always recognized only the spoken and the written English” (p. 7). This statement could have been considered true several years ago but currently, the advent of the Internet has brought with it what is popularly known nowadays as netspeak. Research points out that this new form of global communication pattern has a negative contribution to the grammatical position of the English language. Nevertheless, differences do however spring up with regard to the language of the internet, in comparison to the conventional language. As Crystal (2002) has noted, “ on the internet, as with traditional speaking and writing, the language that individuals produce is far exceeded by the language they receive; and the internet is a medium almost entirely dependent on reactions to written messages, awareness of audiences must hold a primary place in any discussion” (p. 20.). According to Andrews (2002), “This new version of language that bears a correlation to the internet is more of a linguistic vandalism, in which spelling of the English language turns out to be extremely superfluous, and the grammar is rapidly waning” (P. 47). This research paper is therefore aimed at pointing out the effects of the Internet on the English language. According to Crystal (2001), the world is on the verge of the largest ever language revolution, which shall in the long-term lead to a total transformation of language. It is not that hard to realize why such a transformation may be inevitable. The World Wide Web is to a large extent dominated by materials of the English language. Globalization too has extremely benefited from the rapid expansion of the World Wide Web, so that now the world is one global village. In addition, Crystal observes, “The invention of the internet has created a platform from which several languages that have not
First of all it is necessary to emphasize, that the novel is written in the epistolary genre, and it is aimed to highlight the protagonist’s sorrows. The fact is that a letter is regarded to be something personal and intimate, as it is sent to the only person who is trusted. Werther shares his feelings and thoughts with his friend Wilhelm: “ How Happy I am that I am gone! My dear friend, what a thing is the heart of man! To leave you, from whom I have been inseparable, whom I love so dearly, and yet to feel happy! ” (p. 1) It means that the feelings are so powerful, that it is impossible to keep them inside, and he also can not share with someone else. This characterizes Werther as a sensitive and refined boy, who instantly fell in love, but, unfortunately he can not confess end express his feelings, which he describes the following: “ A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul, like these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart. I am alone, and feel the charm of existence in this spot, which was created for the bliss of souls like mine. I am so happy, my dear friend, so absorbed in the exquisite sense of mere tranquil existence, that I neglect my talents .” (p. 3) Actually, these feelings were one-sided, and Werther was self-deceived, as Lotte would never respond for his feelings, and everyone, who knew about Werther’s feelings, clearly realized it. The only fact that Lotte did not come to his funeral under the linden tree signifies that she felt nothing towards him and even the fact of her forced marriage to Albert in no way changes the situation. It is confirmed once more, that love blinds anyone, as a healthy, energetic young man would not commit himself to suicide, if in healthy mind. But insane because of love is capable for any foolishness. He is calm and ready to leave this world: “ See, Charlotte, I do not shudder to take the cold and fatal cup, from which I shall drink the draught of death. Your hand presents it to me, and I do not tremble. All, all is now concluded: the wishes and the hopes of my existence are fulfilled.” (p.104) “Past eleven o’clock! All is silent around me, and my soul is calm. I thank thee, O God, that thou bestowest strength and courage upon me in these last moments!” (p.103) Conclusion Yong Werther is regarded to be a character of enlightenment, where protagonist is obliged to be sensitive and weak, faint away after every confusion, commit to suicide if his o her honor had been violated, or if the subject of is or her love can not be achieved. People of enlightenment stated, that the human life is the highest value, but absolutely forgot to keep their own lives, and were ready to commit to suicide for every reason they regarded worthy of. From the contemporary point of view, Young Werther is just a foolish fallen in love, who could not take strong decision and find something, that would draw his attention of the initially unrequited feelings.
Summary In the article “A Marriage in Full” by Gary A. Anderson, the author puts his emphasis on the aspects of the institution of marriage. He starts his article with a criticism of Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s letter on marriage. He mentions that “In a world that extols the autonomy of the self as the highest possible value, Bonhoeffer insists that in the sacrament of marriage we enter a covenant that presumes natural affections but goes far beyond them.” (Anderson, 1) The author, then, considers examples from the Old Testament to prove that marriage is just about the individual application of love and has nothing to do with future development or God’s will. The narration of the Book of Ruth and Ruth’s story indicates that there is more to love than a simple man-woman relationship beyond materialism and God or divinity graces this metaphysical element. However, the author is quick to remind us that it is the common love that makes a marriage successful and not the other way around or the intervention of divinity. This visualization of love and marriage, as seen by the author is in alignment with the modern world, it is the materialistic feeling between a man, and a woman that is what marriage is all about. The author indicates, like advocacy of this thesis, that “What makes Ruth particularly virtuous is not simply her desire to marry and have children but a willingness to understand her marriage in a way that will favor her adopted mother-in-law.” (Anderson, 4) He also states that in the parameter of modern time having children in marriage is optional and economical and that proves the unworthiness of the biblical social system and pre-modern views on marriage and love. Interpretation & Reflection For many years, social scientists have debated the advantages of marriage due to the characteristics of people who marry and stay married. Do marriage itself – and the status of being a married person create certain advantages? The answer is both. Economically and educationally advantage people, who are religiously observant, and who grew with married parents are more likely to marry and stay married than others. M
Executive Summary Employee turnover is one of the aspects that determine an organization’s chances of successful growth and development due to potential undesirable changes in the overall performance and operational costs. It is proof of internal inconsistencies in the facility’s operation connected to ineffective employment practices. That is why this challenge is associated with the necessity to allocate additional costs for recruiting and training staff as well as developing programs aimed at minimizing the desire to switch jobs. High employee turnover is one of the problems that has been faced by Belmont Village during the past four months. Because both longtime and new employees were lost, it is critical to developing a sustainability program aimed at decreasing the turnover rate. This proposal outlines the peculiarities of the sustainability program needed to overcome the existing problems connected to turnover issues, such as decreased productivity, dissatisfaction with provided care, the drop in the quality of care, impaired health outcomes, and poor working environment. The foundation of the program is the belief that setting clear objectives for the future development, as well as identifying steps necessary for achieving them, is a meaningful way for coping with the issues faced by Belmont Village. In this way, identifying employees’ needs and measuring their satisfaction with the working environment by conducting a survey – completing internal research – is the first step in addressing the problem. The second stage of program development is determining clear operational objectives, such as increased employee involvement and loyalty, higher workplace satisfaction rate, improved communication opportunities, and enhancing cooperation among team members. The third step is retraining employees based on survey results so that it is easier to address all risk factors related to quitting intentions. All in all, the proposed sustainability program is potentially helpful for decreasing the overall employee turnover rate and making staff more dedicated to Belmont Village as well as more productive and efficient in providing care to patients. Budget Even though selected research method – questionnaires and surveys – is cost-effective, the program should still include budget due to the necessity of implementing retraining initiatives at later stages of the study. Project budget is essential for assuring that all costs are planned thoroughly so that it is less problematic to allocate funds, as sponsors will have resources necessary for developing cost-benefit analysis (Wilson, 2014) (see Table 1). Table 1. Project budget.              Step                                   Initiative                                                      Rationale                                                      Responsibility
Table 1 summarises the main differences between securities regulation in the UK and the US. In the US, the main statute used by securities regulators is the Williams Act 1968. The act provides the rules that govern acquisitions and tender offers. It requires the bidding company to provide all the details concerning its tender offer to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the firm to be acquired. The UK, on the other hand, uses a set of rules referred to as the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers to regulate takeovers. Although the rules have a statutory basis, they are applied as general principles. The code provides general guidelines that bidders are expected to use. Regulatory Regime Takeovers in the US are regulated by state courts and securities regulators. The SEC oversees takeovers by ensuring that bidders follow all procedures. State courts regulate the reaction of managers to takeover bids. Specifically, they address the legal issues raised by the parties involved in takeover bids. The UK, on the other hand, has adopted a self-regulation regime. Takeovers are regulated by the Takeover Panel, which enforces the principles set in the City Code. Conflict Resolution Takeover disputes in the US are resolved by courts. The bidding company is required to file a suit in the Delaware Court of Chancery if it believes that the executives of the target firm are resisting its bid. The bidder expects the court to force managers to abandon their resistance to allow shareholders to consider the takeover. This means that disputes are handled by judges and lawyers. In the UK, disputes are handled by representatives who are members of the Takeover Panel. The representatives are usually from the Bank of England, London Stock Exchange (LSE), and merchant banks. Defensive Tactics In the US, managers are allowed to employ defensive tactics to prevent a hostile takeover. Managers can use a poison pill, leveraged buyout, and lockout agreements to block a takeover bid. By contrast, defensive tactics are illegal in the UK. Thus, managers are not expected to take any measure to block a takeover bid without the permission of shareholders. Pros and Cons The main advantage of the UK’s takeover regulation is that conflict resolution takes a short time. The Takeover Panel settles disputes in real-time rather than weeks or months. Conflict resolution is also cheap since conflicting parties do not have to hire lawyers. The disputing parties do not pay the Takeover Panel since it is funded by the LSE. The regulation also ensures fairness by applying the equal treatment and mandatory bid principle, which prevent bidders from making forceful bids. The disadvantage of the regulation is that it limits managers’ ab
The Adams-Oliver disorder is a rare disease that is characterized by aplasia cutis congenital and limb defects. Many patients with this disorder have problems with the heart, nerves, and skin. It may affect various structures of the whole organism; most cases of the disease referred to an autosomal prevailing feature. This autosomal attribute might be sent from parents and connected with their genes; it also means that for the disorder to manifest, one parent with the mutated gene can have the condition. It is essential to scrutinize relevant information about the disease to understand its features and peculiarities. One more vital fact was mentioned; the Adams-Oliver disorder is not affected by gender and race. Moreover, the disease is not expressed if the person is a carrier of autosomal recessive inheritance. People may have inclinations of various types, and the illness might spread out of families. Some scientists suggested that the disorder develops at the embryonic stage when some abnormalities in the vascular system (Dudoignon et al., 2019). There are no possibilities to hold tests and pre-analyses of the disease, as the location of the affected gene is not fully discovered and understood. For this reason, the Adams-Oliver disorder is not treatable; there is no clear understanding of the illness. It is crucial to managing the condition through a proper multidisciplinary approach, as the illness requires a muscular cure. It is also learned that currently, it is possible to ease and hold effects back, but not treatment. Overall, the Adams-Oliver disorder is a complicated issue that should be studied and explored. It affects limbs, the nervous system, and processes within the organism. Unfortunately, there is a high mortality chance in people with this disease. New mutations of the affected gen may appear and generate new forms of the disorder. Therefore, it should be visualized to provide medicals with a complete understanding of the disorder and treatment abilities. Reference Dudoignon, B., Huber, C., Michot, C., di Rocco, F., Girard, M., Lyonnet, S., Rio, M., Rabia, S. H., Daire, V. C., & Baujat, G. (2019). Expanding the phenotype in Adams–Oliver syndrome correlating with the genotype . American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A , 182 (1), 29–37.
The use of technological achievements in the health care industry in the early 20 th century was associated with essential changes. Warner and Tighe (2001) stipulate that advances in medical technology can affect society in many ways that include providing the population with better service, offering new job opportunities, and penetrating other spheres. Thus, the primary purpose of this paper is to present and comment on the impacts introduced above. Firstly, Warner and Tighe (2001) emphasize that X-rays contributed to diagnostic precision. This technology allowed medical professionals to create real images with tangible shadows to establish an adequate diagnosis. According to the authors, “Philadelphia physician Charles L. Leonard proselytizes for the greater use of X-ray technology” (Warner & Tighe, 2001, p. 350). Secondly, it is mentioned that the development of medicine offered significant challenges for physicians. Thus, Francis Peabody explained that such medical professionals should have undertaken technological training in laboratory methods because of a robust “dependence of the clinic on the laboratory” (Warner & Tighe, 2001, p. 362). Finally, the advertisement of a Pulmotor demonstrates that the technological achievements in medicine were closely connected with commerce. This example shows that aggressive marketing tools were used to obtain economic benefits from the health care industry. In conclusion, the medical industry is irreplaceably connected with society. Consequently, any changes in the former appropriately affect the latter. As a rule, this influence is positive for individuals because they obtain medical service of decent quality and new job opportunities. At the same time, the adverse impact can arise when technological advances become a marketing tool. In this case, medical institutions should spend their economic resources to obtain an opportunity to benefit from medical technology. Reference Warner, J. H., & Tighe, J. A. (2001). Major problems in the history of American medicine and public health: documents and essays . Houghton Mifflin.
Is the Human Soul Immortal? The human soul is immortal. Everything that has something else in opposition is necessarily generated from its opposite (Plato). For instance, light is generated from darkness; the absence of darkness generates light. Evil too is generated from its opposite which is righteousness or holiness. The opposite has to decrease if the opposite is to increase. Socrates states that anything which becomes greater must become greater after being less (Plato). Lest of us consider sleeping and waking up as opposites that generate each other. It is from sleep that an individual wakes and it is from the waking that the individual sleeps. If the individual has to wake up, sleep has to decrease so that waking which was once greater before sleep but has become less, increases again. In an individual, the concepts of waking and sleeping are mutually exclusive and one must necessarily beget the other. In other words, that which becomes less must have been once greater and then become less (Plato). Plato further states that “the worse is from the better, and the more just is from the more unjust.” The Devil, considered as the father of evil was filled with God’s goodness but he rebelled and the grace/goodness left him and he has remained worse yet he came from the better, God. This is true for all opposites; they are generated from their opposites (Plato). The generation of opposites implies two intermediate processes which go on through and through from one to the other, and back again (Plato). As earlier seen, in the process of generation, there must be a greater and a less (Plato). When the greater becomes less, a process occurs and the same is true for the less when it becomes the greater. Two intermediate processes are ever going on (Plato). The fewer waxes while the greater wanes (Plato). Whether division and composition take place as does cooling and heating, these are all stages of the process. In the same way, just as things have their opposites, life too has its opposite (Plato). The opposite of life is death. Just as the other opposites are generated from each other through intermediate processes, so are life and death (Plato). If the generation of waking involves the process of sleeping, and the generation of sleep involves the process of waking, therefore, death is generated from life, and life is generated from death (Plato). In a nutshell, any living thing is generated from the dead (Plato). From the above arguments, by inference, it is rightly so that our souls are in the underworld (Plato). The processes involved are dying and revival. According to Socrates, dying as one of the processes involved is a visible process while revival is not a visible process but it necessarily exists (Plato). The living comes from the dead just as the dead come from the living and this implies that the souls of the dead must be in some place from which they come back through revival (Plato). Generation does not happen in a straight line only, there must be compensation. What this means is that if things did not go into others and others back