ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary Although the formulation of commercial contracts has never been a simple task, today’s business transactions are more complex than ever before because of the proliferation of technical and commercial considerations in procurement and supply chain management. Based on these complexities, business managers must understand the fine print of commercial transactions and learn how to optimally structure their terms and conditions to achieve organizational goals and objectives. This report suggests that Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) should improve its contract management terms by eliminating conflicts of interest, formulating transaction-specific contract management plans, and emphasizing the importance of suppliers to comply with company instructions by following its different stages of contract management. Introduction The commercial success of business transactions broadly depends on the flawless execution of business contracts (Böhm et al. 2016). Therefore, the importance of contract management cannot be understated because companies spend billions of dollars to procure goods and services. Indeed, even the creation of small changes to a contract’s terms could have a long-lasting impact on a company’s bottom line (Böhm et al. 2016). This document will explore the importance of terms and conditions in the development of procurement and supply chain contracts. It will be based on the procurement and supply chain management functions of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC). ADNOC The author of this report is an employee of ADNOC. He works in the company’s contract department, which is a part of the firm’s procurement unit – Business Commercial Directorate. He is also a member of the company’s tender board, which is the apex organ for the formulation of legal decisions affecting ADNOC’s procurement and supply chain management. Therefore, he has a wealth of knowledge regarding the company’s terms and conditions for procurement and supply. Contract Contract Definition According to Duhaime Law (2018), a contract refers to “An agreement between persons which obliges each party to do or not to do a certain thing” (p. 1). The contracts formulated by ADNOC are subject to the following set of laws.
The process of aging implies facing a range of new challenges and developing an effective coping mechanism for handling the emergent issues. In his exploration of the changes that aging people undergo, Peck expanded Erikson’s model of the stages of aging, introducing five additional phases of psychosocial progress (Erber, 2019). Although studies have shown that aging people are more prone to reconciliation both with internal conflicts and the disagreements with society, the presence of environmental, social, and psychological factors affecting aging people adversely may lead to a failure to approach the changes healthily and may incite suicidal ideation. Aging within a community implies being affected by a range of contextual factors. Based on the tenets of Peck’s theory as the extension of Erikson’s developmental stages, the changes in question depend significantly on environmental factors, primarily, the question of whether an individual resides in an urban or a rural context (Erber, 2019). Namely, the closely-knit community of a rural setting suggests experiencing the Control versus Dependency stage differently, namely, by experiencing a better person=environment fit due to better collaboration, communication, and unity within the rural setting (Erber, 2019). The social context also affects the psychosocial development of aging people, particularly, the propensity toward anxiety, distress, and depression in the target population. Specifically, passing the Ego Transcendence versus Ego Preoccupation stage successfully is contingent upon the absence of racial and ethnic stereotypes within the target community (Erber, 2019). Specifically, with a higher rate of prejudices and discrimination against ethnic, racial, or cultural minorities within a community affects the ability for an aging person to reconcile between their ego transcendence and ego preoccupation (Erber, 2019). Namely, experiencing racial stereotyping and discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities is likely to inhibit the process of reconciling with oneself and recognizing one’s personal worth due to impaired self-esteem as a result of discrimination and the related malicious practices within a community (Erber, 2019). Therefore, the psychological well-being of an aging person in the specified setting is likely to be affected significantly, leading to a major psychological trauma and causing anxiety and even depression (Erber, 2019). Thus, social factors, par
The article of Debra Brunch is characterized by a properly organized structure and clear analysis of the characters from different literary works. This author introduces the characters, which need to be analyzed, and presents enough powerful reasons of why this attention to physiological characteristics is important. This article turns out to be helpful because the main characters of Death of a Salesman and The Glass Menagerie are not only properly defined but also characterized according to their emotional state. For example, one of the main characters in Death of a Salesman , Willy Loman is identified as a “mentally and emotionally confused” person (Bruch 8); the male character of The Glass Menagerie is under a threat of “his consciousness of his wants” (Brunch 7). In this article, the author pays her attention to such important details as characters’ clothes and the ways of how they speak. To represent a proper analysis of the characters, it is necessary to evaluate emotional, physical, and psychological state of the characters. The article under discussion may become a good example of how male characters may be represented to the reader and what literary techniques and writing tools are better to use to achieve the necessary success and understanding. A definite structure of the article helps to comprehend what aspect is analyzed and what features should be mentioned at first. This article is not only an educative source for future writers and those, who want to improve their understanding of the plays by Tennessee and Williams, but also a reliable structure according to which it is possible to represent the analysis. Analysis of Female Characters King, Kimball. “Tennessee Williams: A Southern Writer.” The Mississippi Quarterly 48.4. Fall 1995: 627-647. The article by Kimball King is mostly focused on the works and achievements of Tennessee Williams and the impact of his works into the world of literature, and The Glass Menagerie is one of the plays under consideration. The creation of male characters takes an important place in Williams works, this is why the author of the article decides to analyze not only Williams’ approaches to plays’ development but also compare his methods with the other not less popular works like Miller’s Death of a Salesman . The peculiar feature of this article is the concentration on one particular writer and the ability to evaluate other representatives of Southern literature. The author of the article admits that Williams’ works as well as the works of other significant writers are c
Data Collection Research is not complete without collecting data; data collection gives your research a complete picture. I am already intimidated by the task of collecting data, and the associated paperwork. Although I can hardly keep abreast of the work that needs to be completed for both district and state, however, I am encouraged by the fact that most of the data collected shall constitute part of my research (Dana & Yendol-Hoppey, 2009, p. 73). The same data shall be used to fulfill different purposes. This way, I shall not only get the much-needed information to complete this research, but it shall also yield a complete picture of the study. Four forms of data collection have been earmarked for use in this study namely standardized tests, interviews, student work examples, and field notes. Field notes are my first strategy of collecting data. This strategy shall enable the researcher to obtain information regarding the whereabouts of the student. This can be achieved by forming large groups, small groups, or even by integrating this activity with the students’ independent reading time (Dana & Yendol-Hoppey, 2009, p. 74). The information obtained using this strategy can be recorded in a number of ways. I intend to record data using a coded form to facilitate recording of the responses. Students can be apprehensive of my note-taking, and this could be a concern. To counter this, a journal or notebook could come in handy, so that I can explain to the students that I am also trying to get my work done (Dana & Yendol-Hoppey, 2009, p. 74). Document-student work collection shall constitute strategy 2. This shall be done every day. However, it is important that I examine this form of data differently. This way, I can be able to select the work that best illustrates the literacy levels of the respondents (Dana & Yendol-Hoppey, 2009, p. 81). I also need to analyses how the respondents work, either independently or with their peers. This way, I am better able to select how and when the respondents are making the best progress, or faced with the worst trouble. Interviews shall form the third strategy (Dana & Yendol-Hoppey, 2009, p. 84). Before commencing on the activity of data collection, I intend to first conduct a reading attitude survey. I intend to conduct sporadic interview on the students to determine their attitude on reading, and to get their opinions on the various strategies that I shall have introduced. Quantitative measurement is the tenth type of data collection that I intend to adopt (Dana & Yendol-Hoppey, 2009, p. 99). I intend to make use of the Texas Primary Reading Inventory (TPRI). This particular assessment is undertaken four times; before the research begins, at the start of the research, when the research is halfway complete, and when it has been completed. I also intend to incorporate Progress Monitoring on a fortnight basis in order to evaluate the progress of the research. Once this data has been collected I hope to obtain answers regarding the applied strategies. My intention i
A storehouse of knowledge and useful information – an immensely valuable tool, which is the Internet – allows all people to almost instantly access any information that interests them. Every day, users come there to chat with friends on social networks, play games, read something, or watch, and therefore, for many people, almost all their lives go online. With the help of the World Wide Web, people can share their experiences with other users and accumulate knowledge. Discussions about whether digital technologies make people stupid began with their global spread. Scientists around the world are researching whether the dominance of the Internet and other scientific advances contribute to brain degradation. However, the leading causes most likely to lie in fact, any tool that brings comfort eliminates the extra and healthy stress, which is needed for bodies and minds to grow. Problem of Intelligence The constant use of the Internet necessarily leads to changes in the functioning of the human brain. Surfing the Internet makes intellectual activity superficial, and thus, the skill necessary for a modern person to quickly and regularly browse sites leads to the fact that the human brain gradually loses its ability to deep and systemic thinking. This conclusion was made by Nicholas Carr, a leading American expert in the field of cyber information (Carr, 2016). Carr led a group of research psychologists, and two years ago, he became known all over the world after the publication of the article, “Does Google make us stupid?”. He stated that: “Once you create an engine – a machine – to produce serendipity, you destroy the essence of serendipity.” (Carr, 2016). The largest technology companies around the world do not underestimate the problem of the relationship between the creative abilities of man and the Internet. The American aircraft manufacturer Boeing created a special expert group that works with young engineers (Montag & Reuter, 2017). Its goal is to maintain the intellectual form of specialists. The group teaches a balanced approach to find information on the Internet and in the scientific literature. Possible Causes The latest studies of neurosurgeons show that when working on the Internet, two areas of the brain develop very quickly: the center responsible for making quick decisions, and the part responsible for short-term memory. However, the deep zones of the brain, in which there is a detailed analysis of fundamental problems related to all aspects of human activity and l
Introduction A teacher plays a number of roles to ensure that students have a serine environment to study in. These roles range from using up to date teaching techniques and methods to observing, controlling and influencing the attitudes and perceptions of students towards education. In the course of decimating information to students, teachers need to stick to the school curriculum and come up with ideas and innovations that may improve the performance of students or amend the current school curriculum to meet the present needs and requirements of students (Mathes at al, 1998). It is evident that different students have different capabilities when it comes to learning (Abdulkareem, 2001). This is because every student is unique in his/her own way. As a result, every student has a different capability with regards to education or any other activities that he/she may be involved in. Due to this fact, there is a high diversity of students within a class or a school in terms of their abilities and capabilities. It is therefore the role of a teacher to identify the diversity of his students and use it to their advantage. Diversity within a classroom can arise due to the difference in the ethnic background of students, their academic capability, athleticism, religion, behaviour, culture and beliefs. Teachers should embrace the fact that students are diverse and use it to enhance their attitudes, perceptions and performance. As a result, all the students will benefit from the programme. Theoretically, this sound simple and easy. However, for it to work out perfectly, a teacher has to use one or more peer learning activities to ensure that the advantages that arise from the diversity of his/her students are tapped. These peer-learning activities advocate for cooperation among a heterogeneous group of students. A heterogeneous group of students is composed of students who have different abilities or advantages. While working together, they will have a chance to share ideas and learn to work together as a team through cooperation to achieve a common goal or objective (Baker et al, 2000). To ensure that their abilities are effectively tapped, it is critical for a teacher to have in place a peer learning project that the students will be working on. Working on a project will give the students a chance to put their theoretical skills into practice in order to solve real life situations, work together through cooperation and aim at achieving one common goal. This activity will give them a chance to explore their different abilities and ideas, bring them together and find a solution to the current problem. This will not only improve their class performance, but it will also improve their socialization skills thus they will accept one another regardless of the differences may exist between them. This document is thus a learning summary of project learning that I used to i
Introduction. Thesis statement Over the past fifty years, the number of fat children that will become overweight adults has grown exponentially. Among all countries, the United States has the biggest rate of obesity. “While many other countries have experienced significant increases in obesity, no other developed country is quite as heavy as the United States” (Cutler, Glaeser, and Shapiro 93). The proclamation of adiposity as a national “obesity epidemic” is not an overstatement. Among the main reasons for overweight are abundant portions, an increase of junk food, lack of sleep, even air-conditioning. All of them are well known, but not deeply explored. Moreover, the latest researches show that not all of the above listed provoke obesity. The increase of obesity in America turned into an epidemic, because of abundant food consumption and physical inactivity, resulting in the growth of sick people over the past half-century. Body Mass Index (BMI) is the fundamental measure of overweight. BMI is the ratio of weight in kilograms to the height in meters squared. “Optimal BMI levels are generally believed to lie between 20 and 25” (Cutler et. al 95). If the BMI level is less than 20, the person is considered thin. The ratio between 25 and 30 shows an overweight. The BMI 30 reveals obesity. The reasons for rising obesity in America Most agree that there are two main reasons for getting overweight: lack of physical activity and excessive consumption of food. The deficiency of energy balance causes fatness. Energy balance consists of absorbed and burned energy. The calories consumed transform into energy. The energy used for everyday life maintenance is burned energy. Elementary energy accounting explains the mechanism of getting overweight. The balance of calories consumed must be equal to or less than the energy used. There are three common ways of burning calories: metabolism, digesting, and physical activity. The basal metabolism consumes around 60 percent of the energy to keep the body alive. Digesting also requires some amount of energy for food processing. The third way of burning calories is physical activity. Here the first contradiction comes. According to the latest researches, the average American exercises more than people used to do in the 60s, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has grown due to the decrease in prices. But, “the prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly over the last decades” (Sturm and An 338). According to the above, the lifestyle and the diet became healthier, but still the “obesity epidemic” is growing. The explanation of this conflict gives the production industry. The usage of various chemicals impacts the rate of overweight. One of these chemicals is now known as an obesogen. The term obesogen was firstly implemented in 2005 by Dr. Bloomberg and applied to the different chemicals (Henig par. 7). The obesogens are working in three different ways depending on the particular b
Demographics and Leadership The Arabian Gulf region is characterized by leaders who have the potential to achieve their goals. Demographics play a significant role in the leadership of the Arabian Gulf region. For instance, the region is characterized by constitutional monarchies. Such monarchies have specific rulers who monitor the economic goals of their nations (Common 219). This cultural aspect dictates the economic, political, and leadership practices in these countries. The demographics of this region explain why leaders have a lot of influence and power. The religious values held by many Muslims have a lot to do with leadership. These nations have religious leaders who promote different traits and values. The religion dictates a unique power-distance between religious leaders and their followers (Kabasakal and Bodur 46). That being the case, the issue of religion explains why demographics dictate the quality of leadership in the Arabian Gulf region. The demographics of the Middle East have also been evolving significantly. Many individuals in the Arabian Gulf region have also been acquiring new ideas. Such leaders are focusing on the best practices that can result in successful economies. Authoritarian leadership is a common practice in the region. The demographics of the region have led to unique cultural relations. For instance, majority of the leaders are always expected to be in front. Women tend to obey their husbands and leaders. Many leadership positions are filled by males. The issue of tenure dictates the qualities of different managers. Demographic characteristics continue to reshape most of the leadership philosophies embraced in these countries. Leadership is also “closely associated with culture-specific responsibilities” (Jogulu 711). Many organisational leaders therefore dictate, mentor, and monitor the performances of their employees. Such leaders are expected to establish relevant values for their subordinates. Generational Differences The region has different generations. The “conservative generation is aged 50 years and above” (Jogulu 711). Such individuals use authoritarian leadership approaches. Generation X is composed of individuals between 30 and 50 years of age. These persons respect various traditional practices. They receive orders and focus on the best practices. Their authoritarian leaders use specific strategies in order to get the best results. A new generation has emerged in this region. Generation Y has benefited the most from the region’s booming economy. More foreign workers are also employed in the region. For instance, the UAE has over 3.8 million workers from different foreign countries (Hodgkinson 6). Such individuals continue to embrace international attitudes in the workplace (Hodgkinson 6). This generation expects its leaders “to support the best work-life balance goals” (Jogulu 709). The demands of these three generations have forced many people to adopt the best leadership practices. How Leadership Has Changed The wave of globalization has transformed different leadership styles in the world. The world has “become turbulent thus calling for effective leadership approaches” (Gray 7