ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Lee Hom Wang is a well-known American singer and songwriter of Chinese origin. The attendance of the concerts of his Heroes of Earth Tour broke the records. One of the concerts of Wang’s world tour took place at Singapore Indoor Stadium on 21 October 2006. The musical style of this singer combines the elements of Chinese music with the features of traditional hip hop and R&B. Wang even coined a special term for describing his music and defines it as chinked-out style, emphasizing his ethnic origin. “This music style has eliminated the original negative meaning attached to ‘chink’, and constructed a more positive image of China and Chinese culture as well as the Chinese identity of the singer himself” (Han 98). A talented songwriter created an original music style for the purpose of not only demonstrating his skills and entertaining the audience but also for supporting the positive image of Chinese culture and people and struggling against the existing misconceptions in the American community. Wang is recognized as the second after Bruce Lee global Chinese star whose efforts contributed to the establishment of the positive image of Chinese culture and people (Jurriens, Edwin and de Kloet 100). His musical style differs from the album to the album which can be explained with Wang’s professional development and constant modifications in the aesthetics of his Chinked-out style. Starting his career as a singer of traditional pop songs and rock ballads, later he worked in the frames of dance pop and introduced the elements of electric guitar into his works. The release of the album Shangri-La indicated the beginning of his work on the Chinked-out style in music when he integrated the components of R&B, hip hop and rap with the influence of the
Abstract Poisoning from food consumed at restaurants is a serious public health hazard. The paper studies the outbreak of food poisoning at Chipotle Mexican Grill in October 2015. There were two outbreaks in the same year. After the food poisoning occurrence, the local and federal authorities tried to ascertain the reason for the outbreak, but the tests they conducted could not confirm the ingredient that caused the illness. The company collaborated with the authorities to ensure that their cooking processes and serving areas are cleaned and infection-free. However, no question was raised about the failed safety mechanism and the failure to implement the regulations that were already in place. This paper takes a look at the measures taken by the federal and local bodies to help find a solution to the problem. It also studies the regulations stipulated by the authorities to understand what food companies should do to prevent such occurrences. The paper shows that the government response to the outbreak was quick, which helped to handle the situation. However, the whole food safety machinery was not in place, as there were shortcomings in the implementation process. The adoption of the regulations must be made mandatory, and these should be monitored to ensure the rules are properly followed. Based on the research, we recommend that regulators and private organizations should put more stress on the implementation
Introduction To contribute to a patient’s early convalescence, a nurse should adhere to a specific strategy while caring for a sick person. Although today the necessity of aligning a nurse’s actions with an effective pattern of treatment seems obvious, the situation was different until the 19 th century when Florence Nightingale implemented hospital reforms. This paper will consider the role of Nightingale in the formation of the nursing profession, discuss a study based on her theory, and analyze the relationship among theory, research, and practice. Florence Nightingale’s Role in the Nursing Profession Florence Nightingale was a nurse caring for soldiers during the Crimean war in 1854-56. However, she was not an ordinary nurse since she aimed to change the established system of healthcare in Britain. The fact is that at the beginning of the 1800s, British hospitals were in a deplorable state. Patients were treated in barracks that were often overcrowded and infested with rats. Besides, nurses received no professional education, and most of them were distinguished by drunkenness and promiscuous sexual behavior. Nightingale decided to struggle with these conditions because she assumed that the environment in which patients were cured had much influence on their recovery process. Nightingale was also engaged in collecting and analyzing statistics in healthcare. She found out that a considerable part of soldiers died from contagion and diseases rather than wounds because of inadequate sanitary conditions. The collected statistics of death rates among military men helped her to convince the authorities to accept her healthcare reforms. Another Nightingale’s significant contribution was establishing the first nursing school. Thus, Nightingale has played a substantial role in the nursing profession since she proved the necessity of proper sanitary conditions in hospitals, laid the foundation for the education of nurses, and initiated the application of statistics for analyzing medical data. Research Using Nightingale’s Theory Nightingale’s theory of environment importance for patient care is applied even nowadays, which confirms its soundness. For example, it was used in the research of Awalkhan who decided to test the theory on a female patient submitted to colostomy (97). After the operation, the patient was kept in a clean ventilated room, was given the prescribed medications, and had her colostomy bag changed. The nurse also took care of the patient’s psychological environment and provided her with a balanced diet. The application of Nightingale’s theory led to an improvement in the patient’s health. The researcher concluded that this theory is efficient for caring for patients after colostomy (Awalkhan 100). However, two contradictions were found in the model. First, Nightingale suggested that patients should not be disturbed while sleeping, but the researcher argues that nurses have to wake them up for essential night procedures (Awalkhan 100). Second, Nightingale considered perso
One goes to the nearest convenience store or newspaper stand and one is bombarded with images of Tom and Katie, Britney Spears, Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie on the cover of the latest tabloid or magazine with the headline screaming out something about their marriage or their need for a rehabilitation centre or their latest religious stance. And the popularity of these magazines shows that we as a society just can’t get enough. Fascination with celebrities has impacted American culture in a number of ways and has altered our lives in minor ways which we sometimes don’t even realize. Every night we watch them on our television screens, and media channels make sure we know every tiny detail about their lives, from the names of their pets to their favorite shopping malls to which cologne they swear by. And we lap it up as if our lives depend on it. Today, a lot of people have become addicted to their daily dose of celebrity gossip, even if they wouldn’t want to admit it! In some twisted way, we’ve actually started to care about the most mundane details of lives so different from our own. Maybe we care because their lives are so much more glamorous than ours: from their red carpet premieres to their celebrity-studded parties: haven’t we all become a little too star-struck? Another way celebrity fascination has altered the make-up of our lives is through the various tabloid shows dedicated to the purpose of bringing their lives to our living rooms and helping us live vicariously through them. Their lives are filled with decadence, spontaneity, materialism, glamour, and supposedly a whole lot of fun. For us, this is nothing less than the contemporary version of a fairytale that makes for such a great getaway from our normal, everyday lives. Maybe it is the allure of their lives, or the lack of excitement and enjoyment in ours, which ensures that we stay gravitated towards the latest happenings in the lives of these stars. This obsession with the personal lives of celebrities and our general adoration of them is not a new phenomenon. In fact, as a society we should have become quite accustomed to and bored with celebrities by now. Since a very long time now, we have given our celebrities the status of royalty, and corporations have realized how smitten we are and have been using them as endorsers for products. They sell everything from makeup to cars to perfumes to jeans to just about everything under the sky. Be it fast food or diet pills, one just needs to switch on the
Chapter 5 of The Philosopher’s Way by John Chaffee focuses on philosophical foundations on the nature of reality. In addition, in order to add a multifaceted view of the concept, it highlights the philosophical perspectives of Greek thinkers, which include Plato, Descartes, and Aristotle. The core notion is centered around the idea of metaphysics being the process of investigative philosophy interested in structure, organization, constitution, and nature of reality. Epistemology plays a critical role in understanding the underlying basis of truth, justification, and knowledge. In the case of Descartes, the proposed approach is rooted in doubting everything believed, perceived, or accepted to be true (Chaffee 332). The topics he focused on involve belief in a God, the existence of the world outside one’s subjective experience, ethical decision-making, and perceived knowledge (Chaffee 340). In the case of Aristotle, his arguments revolved around the existence of the physical world irrespective of metaphysics. The philosopher considered a person’s soul to be bound to one’s body, which meant the former could not be separated from the latter (Chaffee 339). In Aristotle’s view, there are only form and matter, which give rise to four causes, such as final, efficient, formal, and material causes (Chaffee 325). In the case of Plato, the only constant is stated to be the change itself. The philosopher argued that there are two planes of existence, which are the unchanging world of intelligence and the continuously changing physical world (Chaffee 323). In conclusion, chapter 5 of the book present three distinct perspectives on the nature of reality. Descartes proposes the method of doubting everything perceived to be true, whereas Aristotle argues that everything is either form or matter. However, Plato argues that the ever-changing nature of reality leaves change itself as a constant, but the intellectual world is eternal. Work Cited Chaffee, John. The Philosopher’s Way: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas . Pearson, 2015.
Introduction It could hardly be doubted that the election of Donald Trump has brought numerous changes in the political, social, and economic spheres of life in the United States. It is possible to suggest that one of the driving factors that positively influenced the popularity of the current president and helped him to win the election race were his electoral pledges and promises. Some of them were very controversial, including the pledge to ban people from Muslim countries from traveling to the United States and the promise to build a wall on the border with Mexico. However, Trump’s rhetorics in terms of economic changes was very promising in the period of the electoral race. However, since Donald Trump was elected, a considerable amount of his pledges remains to be insufficiently implemented, including promises about cutting taxes. This paper focuses primarily on the new tax reform that was passed by Congress and signed by President Trump in December of 2017 because this reform has numerous consequences for the American economy. The paper consists of two parts: the essence of the reform and its perception by various social and political stakeholders will be summarized, and then the reform will be investigated in the context of the theory of optimal taxation. The conclusion will be provided, as well. Summary of the Reform It is essential to begin the discussion with the following assumption: the new tax reform legislated by Donald Trump and Republicans in Congress and Senate is one of the most influential events in the political and economic life of the United States regarding its more obvious short-term and projected long-term effects. The title of the article by Siddiqui et al. published in The Guardian, “Senate Approves Most Drastic Changes to US Tax Code in 30 Years,” concisely summarizes the essence of this legislation. According to Siddiqui et al., the $1.5 trillion tax bill approved by the Senate could be considered to be the first major legislative victory of Donald Trump. However, it is essential to understand what consequences does this reform have for the American economy and how principal stakeholders perceive it. In order to put further discussion in the proper context, it is essential to summarize principal aspects of the reform. According to Siddiqui et al., the primary aspects of the reform is that it “includes permanent tax breaks for corporations and temporary tax cuts for individuals.” The article “Trump Tax Plan: The Key Points from the Final Bill” posted on The Guardian website provides a more detailed overview of the bill. It is stated that the corporate income tax rate is cut to 21% from 35%, and also a 20% deduction is created for pass-through businesses such as partnerships and sole proprietorships (“Trump Tax Plan”). The reform also introduces the new territorial system that ends the current practice of providing taxing profits for all US-based corporations (“Trump Tax Plan”). Moreover, the bill includes new tax bracket
Africa is a lovely continent with humble people who love tourists and guests. My greatest adventure was a trip to the Masai Mara in Kenya, Africa, to witness the September Wildebeest migration across the river Mara. This trip was not planned, since things just happened and I found myself on a one week holiday in Kenya. One of my elder sisters is a co-founder of one child home in Kenya that handles the welfare of children in conflict. My parents received word that the wildebeest migration was about to start, and they decided to pay my sister a visit while exploring the country. The trip to Kenya was a rather long one, going through the UK and Egypt before landing in Kenya. Our sister received us at the airport and directed us to a hotel where we would be staying for the duration of our visit. Being in a different country felt exciting, and I could immediately note the differences between the two countries. We arrived at night, around 10 pm. The road to our place of accommodation was smooth. Vehicles were moving on the left-hand side, and the driver’s seat was on the right of the vehicles. On the first day of our visit to Kenya, we booked a tour guide to the Mara in the morning and spent the afternoon with children at the children’s home, playing and hanging out with them. The children were warm and receptive to us, probably because they were used to being visited by many different people. The children’s home was located in a town called Thika, 40 Km from the capital, Nairobi. Most of the buildings were less than ten story’s high, and the people were unusually friendly, which made it easy for us to adjust. On the second day, our tour vehicle came for us at the hotel where we were staying, and the exciting adventure started. The trip included a tour of the Great Rift Valley as we made our way to the Masai Mara, where we would set up tents for two nights. The brochures promised us a thrilling adventure that would see us explore a diverse wilderness comprising acacia trees and a variety of wildlife, including giraffes, zebras, lions, rhinos, antelopes, and baboons, among others. The climax of the trip would be the wildebeest crossing the Mara River, a phenomenon that was identified as the eighth wonder of the world. Our first stop was in a place called Mai Mahiu, where we enjoyed the lovely scenery
Since a long time, fires have broken out in construction built by humans. Fires have broken out in cities, buildings, airplanes, underground mines and other areas and have resulted in the loss of lives of many people as well as loss of property. The paper analyzes three types of devastating fires in the human built environment that have caused the death of hundreds of people. The fires that are discussed are the Piper Alpha oil rig fire, fires related to the September 11 attacks and a fire in a nightclub in Ireland. Piper Alpha Oil Rig Fire Fabig (2007) has reported extensively about the fire in the Alpha Piper ring. According to the report, it was a oil production platform in the North Sea oil and it was under the control of Occidental Petroleum Caledonia Ltd. The well was very profitable and it contributed 10% of the North Sea oil and gas production. A huge explosion occurred on the platform on 6 July 1988. The fire killed 167 people and many of them died due to suffocation from poisonous fumes from carbon monoxide and other gases. The loss that was incurred at the 1988 rates was 3.4 billion dollars in addition to the stoppage of activities for a considerable amount of time. Occurrence of the Accident FABIG (2007) has constructed the events that lead to the accident. According to the report, in the morning shift, a problem was reported from a backup propane condensate pump that was situated in the processing area. The safety valve had to be checked and the work was not completed even till six in the evening. The crew took permission to leave and resume work the next day and did some temporary sealing with a plate. This information was not conveyed to the s
Introduction Global sourcing is a reality of today’s corporate world. Very few firms can hope to remain competitive in the current competitive landscape without resorting to some form of global sourcing or outsourcing. However, this globalization comes with several ethical issues. One of the biggest issues is the different ethical standards in developing countries when compared with western and especially American countries. This leads to an ethical dilemma for many managers, since on one hand there are huge cost savings and on the other hand the ethics of outsourcing work to a country with questionable ethics. There are no easy answers to this dilemma but as the manager of a company which has some major suppliers in developing countries with questionable labor practices, this is a problem I need to find an answer to. Competitive Landscape Before I decide what action is the best in the given situation, I need to analyze the competitive landscape in which my company operates. We are living in a hypercompetitive era with extreme emphasis on price, quality, customer satisfaction and innovation (Hitt, 1998). The technological revolution has led to increased globalization and now even small organizations can become global players using the internet, teleconferencing and other technological tools. This has led to an ever increasing competition and in order to survive, companies must innovate constantly and produce high quality products and services at low prices to “satisfy the increasingly informed customers” (Hitt, 1998). Global Sourcing One way to reduce cost is to outsource manufacturing and other routine functions to low cost developing countries. Besides cost reduction, such a global strategy also gives competitive leverage to a company (Yip, 1989). However, a company should opt for outsourcing or global sourcing for the right reasons. Outsourcing processes just for the sake of outsourcing is never a good strategy. A company must first evaluate its internal processes and if it can boost efficiency by tightening up its operations and improving technology, then it does not make sense to outsource (Kripalani, 2006). In the present case, the company is already following a global sourcing model. However, the model needs to be reevaluated for cost savings and efficiency and if similar efficiencies can be obtained at home, it might be better for the company to abandon its global suppliers. Yet, given the high costs of manufacturing in the US, this is unlikely to be a
Influenza has occurred in different subtypes since 1918 in Swine. Human influenza viruses exist in several types with continuous and fast evolutionary changes, the capability of widespread, and short incubation periods (Brown, 2000). The chain of infection of H1N1 influenza is hard to break because it is transmitted through the respiratory system and contact. When an individual is infected, he coughs and sneezes. As a result, anybody within one meter from the infected person is likely to be infected. Furthermore, if an inspected person touches his mouth or nostril while blowing his nose, the virus collected by the hand can find its way to another person after shaking of hand (Luckhaupt et al. 2012). Anybody who shakes hands with an infected person and does not wash his hands thoroughly is at risk of infection. The infection chain can continue until serious interventions are put in place. Influenza has several pathogens seen when one is infected. The type depends on the host species. When a human being is infected with the H1N1 virus, is mainly due to the influenza ‘A’ virus. These pathogens adapt to the human environment. The antibodies in the human body cross-react with the H1N1 virus but do not protect. Influenza infects a large variety of animal species. These animals include pigs, horses, birds, sea mammals, and several wild animals (Brown, 2000). It is also known that aquatic birds are the main source of these viruses for other species. Influenza is transmitted between human beings mainly through respiration. However, human beings who come in contact with infected pigs are infected. Human beings are known to infect pigs with the influenza virus too. It is also possible for turkeys and ducks to transmit this virus to human beings (Brown, 2000). Pigs have served the role of intermediate host for reassortment of influenza ‘A’ viruses of avian and human origin (Brown, 2000). This is because it is the only mammalian animal that is reared in large numbers and susceptible to the virus. Various public health measures are used to mitigate the effects of influenza on human beings. Epidemiological surveillance has been used in three different systems. Clinical surveillance, virological surveillance, and serological surveillance are commonly carried out. The main role of epidemiological surveillance is to detect a virus early enough so that preventive and control measures are put in place. Quarantine of infected persons is essential to avoid infecting uninfected ones. People being protected from infection through quarantines are family members, visitors, health care workers, and colleagues. If correctly implemented, quarantine can help to stop the spreading of influenza (Gostin, 2006). The role of immunization in controlling the spread of influenza is to prevent uninfected people from infection even if they contact infected ones. Immunization plays an important role in protecting people who are not infected with the contagious influenza virus. Prophylaxis plays an important role in preventing healthcare workers and healthcare providers who are attending to sick people from infection. When one suspects that he has been expos