ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Elder abuse, neglect and exploitation The Old Americans Act of 1965 has a clear section on Prevention of elder abuse, exploitation and neglect. However, it fails to give clear guidelines on how it should be prevented, assessed, intervened, detected and treated (Herbert, 2000). It also lacks on channels to access public education and prevention of theft of the elderly identities and lack of financial knowledge, which leads to financial exploitation. The Act does not also have a procedure on inspection of the elderly homes or shelters to ensure they are fully protected. It also lacks on the coordinated report on elder abuse neglect and exploitation. Subsequently, there is no disciplinary action to deal with perpetrators (Beveridge, 2005). Mental health The Act does not give any special benefits to family caregivers who take care of older individuals with complex conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and neurological disorders with brain problems (Herbert, 2000). Preference to older people taking care of their grandchildren or those with serious disability is not covered by the Act. Most unfortunate is that the act does not specify the training that caregivers should get in terms of financial literacy, nutrition, health and problem solving to be applied in the course of their work (Beveridge, 2005). Under supportive services, mental health is not included. Health screening to detect and prevent diseases that are common in the elderly has been provided for, but not mental health. The service that identifies and meets the needs of low-income older people has been inducted to attend matters of employment, transport, legal, housing and health but mental health is not included (Norton, 2007). Nutrition The act does not have a provision on how the government through the Agriculture docket should support the agencies that look after the elderly to promote health and prevent disease (Herbert, 2000). The Secretary of Agriculture does not emphasize on the foods with high nutritional value to be given to the elderly. His office does not also give the procedure on the quantity of commodities to be given to agencies, and the means of applying for the same (Beveridge, 2005). Increased complexity in caring for the elderly With the advance in technology and people getting more engrossed in their careers, old people are being taken care of by professional caretakers. The outbreak of many and complex diseases affecting the old is making matters worse (Herbert, 2000). Some of these nursing homes do not have enough food and drinks to ensure the elderly are well fed and healthy. Besides the homes, hospitals are suffering shortage of staff including doctors, and thus the health of the aged is at stake. Even where there are staffs, they
Case summary   * JC Penney is an American departmental store.   * It is a middle-range chain of stores.   * James Cash Penney was the initial founder of this organization.   * The chain store was incepted in 1902.   * The Golden Rule was used by the co-founders to allocate shares in the ownership of the chain store.   * Thomas Callahan and Guy Johnson were also the co-founders of the company.   * The chain store initially stocked clothes and dry goods.   * The store rapidly grew into several chains in the United States.   * When the larger share of the store was taken by James Penney in 1913, the name of the chain was changed to JC Penney. The ‘Penney Idea’ was also drafted at the Salt Lake City by partner members.   * The ‘Penny Idea’ was simply the business guidelines and principles that were to be adhered to in the course of operations.   * After the adoption of the new business ideas, managers gained more control of the sales made in every store. Besides, the departmental chain stores continued to witness vast growth across several locations in the United States.   * The above led to the decentralization of the merchandise system.   * Advertising was also improved across the nation.   * To revive the performance of the chain, Vanessa Castagna assumed the position of Chief Operations Officer.   * On the same note, the newly appointed Chief Executive Officer was Allen Questrom.   * Castagna was well endowed with a merchandise expertise background having held prestigious positions in previous employment portfolios.   * By 1964, the chain store was worth about $2billion. This was an impressive growth metric and hence, there was a need to revamp its performance.   * However, the JC Penney Company later changed into a rigid work environment. A watchful “band of Police” was used by the chain store to enhance security. A competitive compensating reward plan was introduced by the chain store to boost the morale of the employees. Creativity and innovation were crashed by the formal culture. Employees were also not allowed to share ideas freely.   * Ullman’s appointment as the new Human Resource chief led to several positive changes at the organization. For example, the dress code was relaxed. The office police were also disbanded.   * Capacity building and training were introduced by Ullman. A more democratic, participative, and comfortable
Statement of Main Ideas COVID-19 is a disease that scientists had little information about and relied on testing sick individuals to build their data. The article outlines that autopsy can be essential in understanding how the virus affects the human body. However, in the current environment, physicians cannot perform autopsies due to budget cuts and the discovery of new diagnostic tools (Tzankov & Jonigk, 2020). For example, for the first 4 million fatal covid cases globally, only a few hundred autopsies were conducted. The paper indicates that scientists are pushing for more autopsies to be done. The author says that there was a fear that the virus would spread to the people carrying out the autopsy in the initial months of the pandemic. Three Important Facts that the Author Uses to Support the Main Ideas One of the facts used is that COVID-19 causes inflammation in different organs that can result in death. This is one of the reasons why it is essential to carry out autopsies for people who died of the virus to understand what is causing the swelling. Another fact is that scientists need to assemble a record of the virus’s journey through the body to gain more knowledge about the disease. Understanding how the virus affects the human body can assist in creating strategies to prevent a rise in infections (Sperhake, 2020). The other fact is that patients who experience COVID-19 and recover experience post-COVID-19 conditions that can last for many months (Aul et al., 2021). The post-COVID-19 manifestations include fatigue, shortness of breath, and cognitive dysfunction. Good Counter-Argument to the Basis of this Article Conducting autopsies is expensive due to the equipment and materials that are required. Due to COVID-19, the physicians conducting the autopsy have to wear protective materials to prevent themselves. Biosafety policies and precautionary efforts add to the cost of the process (Sapino et al., 2020). As a result of advancements in technology, there are new methods to understand the cause
The chosen article by Hayley Harding is entitled “Brent Coles, Who Was Sentenced for Misusing Public Funds, Is Running for Mayor Again.” The article touches upon the controversy of Brent Coles’ decision to run for the mayor of Boise after being accused of illegal spending of the local budget money. Coles argues that the present mayor has made several poor budgetary decisions, including hiring Moshe Safdie for $11 million to design the new building of the main Boise library (Harding). It is unclear if the citizens of the city can trust Coles after his unethical spending. The ethical issue related to the article is the violation of honesty is one of the core ethical principles in public budgeting. In 2002, Mayor Coles used city funds to pay for tickets to see a musical and other expedition on a trip to New York City. Coles manipulated the city budget to allocate funds to personal needs, which led to the loss of approval among the population. However, according to Alexander, the matter may have been due to the lack of knowledge about budgeting ethics (543). Taxpayers do not want to fund the mayor’s entertainment; however, Coles may have been unaware that such expenses were not covered by the city budget. During his visit to New York, Coles spent a little over $2,000, which may not be worthy of a risk. However, regardless of the reasons for the misuse of the budgetary money, Coles lost the trust of the voters, and his chances of being elected remain slim. The misuse of public money may negatively impact future budget funding requests. If Coles is to be reelected, all his new expenditures are likely to be carefully reviewed and heavily criticized. This may lead to adverse consequences for the city budget since it would be hard to justify any changes in taxes or fees to support a new program. Additionally, federal grant providers are more likely to deny requests from Boise’s administration due to an increased possibility of unethical expenditures. In brief, the adverse outcomes of budget money misuse are vast, and there is a high probability that they will linger for an extended time period, as in the case with Mayor Coles. Works Cited Alexander, Jennifer. “A New Ethics of the Budgetary Process.” Administration & Society , vol. 31, no. 4, 1999, pp. 542-565. Harding, Hayley. “Brent Coles, Who Was Sentenced for Misusing Public Funds, Is Running for Mayor Again,” Idaho Statesman . 2019, Web.
Benjamin Saenz is considered to be the author of the prominent work called ‘Exile: El Paso, Texas’ dedicated to the disclosure of racism and ethnicity problems promoted in society. It is necessary to underline the fact that in the modern world the concept of racial profiling is considered to be common rather than unheard or unknown; the essay under analysis allows evaluating the author’s personal experience based on ethnic background discrimination, and understand his establishment of racial identities characterizing the period he strived to reflect. Saenz is considered to be of Mexican American origin and his identification of racial and ethnic identities was based on personal attitude experience; living in the border town, El Paso, the person appeared to be mistakenly perceived as an illegal immigrant. It is necessary to stress that the essay demonstrates the elements of the prejudiced treatment of different ethnical representatives; his attitude to racial discrimination environment is presented through annoyance and irritation: ‘Are you a citizen of the United states?’ ‘Can you prove it?’ ‘…pretty soon I’ll have to carry passport in my own neighborhood’ (Saenz, 24) The problem of racial and ethnic discrimination is disclosed through the author’s perception; he underlines his despair and anger towards social prejudices promoted in El Paso. It is necessary to stress the idea that the principle goal Saenz managed to demonstrate is concentrated on the feelings of being subjected to racial profiling; his description of ethnic prejudices is reflected through interpersonal relationships disclosure. One can observe the following phrases throughout the essay: ‘Terrorists’, ‘Nazis’, ‘…Guatemala did their jobs too’; these statements are considered to be a symbolic expression of his environmental perception. The author is presented as the central judger of racial profiling promotion; his disclosed gradual change in the perception of constant border controls, from friendliness to irritation and anger. The metaphorical approach is expressed through tonal characteristics of the phrases and replies given to the representatives of border control. The concept of ‘belonging’ is especially stressed by the author through the indirect expression of national dissatisfaction with civil rights limitations; it should be stressed that national security policies were constantly coming into conflict with social democratic principles. The author
How Entrepreneurial Is Australia? Entrepreneurship in Australia The country’s current level of entrepreneurship is not high enough. Research indicates that the entrepreneurial landscape in Australia has been declining lately, becoming less dynamic and more uncertain (Bakhtiari 2019). New businesses open less frequently, and those that manage to enter the market are inclined to exit much sooner than their equivalents did in previous decades. One of the major reasons for such a quick exit is explained by the outcomes of the global financial crisis (Bakhtiari 2019). The problem is that the entry of new companies into the market is closely associated with the emergence of new jobs and long-term perspectives of the country’s economic growth. Hence, due to the declining entrepreneurship, Australia is under threat of deteriorating its job market and weakening its economy. Recently, some attempts to improve the situation have been made in the sphere of Australia’s agricultural entrepreneurialism. As O’Keeffe (2019) notes, the rethinking of identities and values can help to recreate the country’s market relations and enhance them. The scholar emphasizes that the Australian agricultural sphere has been poorly investigated by sociologists and geographers, which leads to considerable losses in the market. O’Keeffe (2019) insists that not only economists but also sociologists should participate in the investigation of the agricultural market’s problems. That way, it will become possible to deal with the issues of deregulation and improve the state of agricultural entrepreneurship. Another potential sphere of business the development of which might help the country to overcome the entrepreneurial crisis is the creative industry. Luckman (2018) remarks that growing ethical concerns and attention to the environment have made craft practices some of the most popular and lucrative in the market. Creative entrepreneurialism enables business people to present their ideas and products in innovative ways. Moreover, new jobs are created due to the self-employment practices of such entrepreneurs (Luckman 2018). Therefore, Australia’s potential in craft entrepreneurship is quite high, and it needs further attention and evolvement. Opportunities for Indigenous and Immigrant Entrepreneurs One of the current problems in Australian entrepreneurship is the lack of possibilities given to Indigenous people to develop their businesses. According to Collins and Norman (2018), there is a striking lack of capacity for Indigenous Australians to establish their enterprises and generate working places. Most commonly, Indigenous entrepreneurship focuses on individual efforts, thus leading to insufficient opportunities
Developmental Assessment Ages and Stages Questionnaire is specially developed to provide accurate screening of a child aged from one to 66 months. The developmental areas that are screened include communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social, plus self-regulation, compliance, language, adaptive behaviors, autonomy, affect, and interaction with people. The questionnaire was applied to assess the development of C.G., a boy aged four years and two months. The following conclusions can be made by the results of the questionnaire. As for communication, the child has average skills. The score of 40 is slightly above the cutoff, which means that the child is developing, but this aspect needs monitoring and additional learning activities. Gross motor skills of C.G. have the highest possible score and thus develop according to a schedule. Fine motor skills also scored significantly higher than the cutoff although not all tasks are performed without flaws. Still, problem-solving is a weak point of this child. The score of 20 points is below the cutoff, which means that there is a need for further assessment with a professional to define the scope of the problem and the possible causes. At the same time, C.G. has outstanding personal-social skills with the highest score according to questionnaire data. On the whole, it can be concluded that the child is generally developing according to schedule. C.G.’s gross motor and personal-social areas are perfectly developed, and fine motor skills are above the average. The communication area of this boy is characterized by average development within the normal limits. Finally, the area that is worst developed is that of problem-solving. It demands careful control from parents and the involvement of a professional consultant. The child has two areas of strength, which are the gross motor and personal-social one. Highly developed gross motor skills, which are responsible for movement or physical activity, also predetermine the intellectual growth of a child since it is influenced by outside impressions the child receives. Moreover, involvement in physical activity in childhood has an impact on developing a healthy and active adult. Personal-social skills determine a child’s ability to take care of oneself and interact with the surrounding people. Consequently, a well-developed personal-social area contributes to the general socializing of a child in different environments. A barrier for this child is the risk of hearing impairment. Some hearing problems were revealed during the assessment when the boy asked to repeat the questions again or frequently said “what?” as if he did not hear or did not understand the task. The child has a genetic predisposition for hearing problems because his father and grandfather have experienced hearing loss. Currently, his father already needs the hearing aid, and his father will need it soon as well. Still, this possible problem needs consulting a specialist. Hearing impairment, if not diagnosed and managed, ca
Even though advertising provides numerous advantages, its eventual aim consists of maximizing the revenue (Hahn and Davis 159). Therefore, the assessment of the effectiveness of an advertising campaign includes defining the return on investment in the financial equivalent. The inputs of advertising are easily known, so are the market outputs that can be expressed in a monetary equivalent, that is, not the brand popularity or the reputation (Wells 5-15). The question of how to connect the two is not easily answered, mostly due to the fact that the key processes, which determine the response of customers to advertising, are mental (Tellis 32-34). These mental processes cannot be assessed in any case; however, some of their results can be noticed. It appears logical to regard surveys as some kind of monitoring tool for the mental processes of the buyers; the key aim of such a survey would consist in understanding what has caused a customer to buy the product or use the service. This tool, naturally, has a number of drawbacks. First of all, surveys are not very reliable; therefore, this tool needs to be consistently planned and, most certainly, organized by specialists. The second problem results from the first one: such a survey would require impressive funding. This problem could be solved by the introduction of less consistent surveys, for example, for the websites of a company. These surveys are not going to be very reliable, but they can provide the information in greater quantities and more often. By assessing the two types of surveys, a more or less consistent image of the buyers’ thinking process could be found. Given the difficulties related to the creation of a proper tool for the measurement of the role of advertising in extra revenue, surveying may be considered an option despite its drawbacks. Still, even with this tool, knowing if the additional revenue is the result of advertising is impossible. Works Cited Hahn, Fred E, and Tom Davis. Do-It-Yourself Advertising And Promotion . Hoboken, New Jersey: J. Wiley, 2003. Print. Tellis, Gerard J. Effective Advertising . Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 2004. Print. Wells, William D. Measuring Advertising Effectiveness . New York, New Y: Psychology Press, 2014. Print.
FedEx’s “common language” of quality FedEx’s “common language” of quality concentrates on the customers’ satisfaction. They call it PSP philosophy that shows the way everything works – People-Service-Profit. It means that the company focuses on its clients and their demands. Evaluating them it provides decent services and then gains profit. One more thing is the QIP program; it underlines that the Quality Improvement Process is of high importance for FedEx. They manage it all the time by working day and night. The firm insists that the staff should do everything from the first attempt, as revisions are the things one should avoid. They teach the employees the 1-10-100 rule that shows how the costs increase if the mistake was not corrected from the very beginning and occurred to be found at the last stage. “Common language” is very important for the company, as with its help, the firm can integrate the supply chain. With its help, they can deliver the values they consider to be the most significant and their understanding of the high quality. Thus, the “common language” improves the working process and increases income. The perspectives of quality emphasized by FedEx The company does not choose only one perspective; they all can be seen within its framework. In the operations perspective, FedEx maintains the rule that claims the quality to be equal to productivity. If the work is done from the first attempt without any mistakes, they will not spend time on revisions and will increase productivity. In the financial perspective, FedEx looks at errors made by the staff. The 1-10-100 rule emphasizes that the costs spend on corrections increase if they are not found immediately. They claim that it is better to remake what was done inappropriately as soon as the mistake was mentioned. If the problem is found in a different location already, it will cost more to fix it. If the consumer finds this mistake, the price will be even higher. PSP philosophy is an example of the work from the HR perspective. I believe it to be the main one, as the company bases all ideas on it. Customer satisfaction is the main point here. The firm manages all actions to provide the clients with the services of high quality. They work 24 hours per day for them, implement various programs and rules, and provide training. Each customer is important, as they even take an additional jet to be sure that all packages are delivered. The strategy perspective is connected with the implementation of quality action teams that work to enhance the quality of services and support goods. Here we can also mention the service quality indicators that are meant t