ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The need to stock epinephrine (EpiPen) in schools to treat anaphylactic reactions in students and faculty staff is policy priority issue in this paper. It puts an emphasis on sudden severe allergic reactions and students whose death could be prevented with an emergency treatment of epinephrine. Problem statement and background information This paper addresses emergency situations in schools and the need to have the right medication and equipment to handle emergencies. Currently, there are Automatic Emergency Defibrillators (AED) in schools for use by students and staff. Epinephrine (EpiPen) should be available in schools to supplement AED’s. There is a need for a campaign to ensure this law passes as it did not pass the last session and will be reviewed during the next session. Hence, the need for mass campaigns by parents, teachers, students and health professionals. There are several instances where children have allergic reactions even though they have never been diagnosed with allergies. These reactions occur suddenly and thus, should be treated as an emergency. The availability of epinephrine in schools along with the health staff and students can save the lives of these students. Regulatory issues Currently, the law only allows students with a history of anaphylaxis to use epinephrine prescribed by their physicians while at school. There are some situations where a student may experience an allergic reaction, although it has never occurred to them that they lack individual medication. Thus, allowing epinephrine will be beneficial to them. Evidence supporting the need to Stock Epinephrine in Schools According to Asthma, and Asthma Network Mothers of Asthmatics, school going children die every year due to delays in accessing medications for anaphylactic reactions. Asthma and allergies are a leading cause of absenteeism in school going children; probably because parents are afraid of letting their children go to school as they fear an anaphylaxis attack on their children. Thus, ensuring that schools have the required resources and equipment to manage anaphylactic reactions will increase the parents’ confidence in the school’s ability to manage emergency situations and reduce the rate of absenteeism. Accidental ingestion of substances that result in anaphylactic reactions commonly occurs at school. Management of anaphylactic reactions is by the use of epinephrine since it has no contraindication in emergency situations (Managing Food Allergies in Mississippi Schools-Guidelines, 2008). The Center for Disease Control has also noted that food allergies are a serious problem among school going children. The National School Boards Association Policy Guidance also recommends that Schools should have standing orders for treating anaphylaxis and also stocking of epinephrine. It also takes less time, about one or two minutes for an all
Grief refers to the emotional feelings related to losing a loved one. The ultimate goal is to cope with the situation and proceed with everyday life. Everyone has a unique grieving model, depending on the level of sadness they develop in the aftermath of death. This essay reflects my learning experience on the topic ‘loss and bereavement’ under the Psychological Aspects of Oncology and Palliative Care. Loss and Bereavement                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         What was the learning experience?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  What went well/bad? How did you feel or react? Throughout the course, I have familiarized myself with the grief and mourning processes. It was interesting to note the difference between the two notions because I could not distinguish them before the lesson. Initially, I have never thought grief could be complicated and uncomplicated (Loss and Bereavement, n.d.). It was insightful to learn their symptoms, and I will be able to help a bereaved person overcome the difficult time.                                                                                                                                                                           I feel that educators should emphasize the healthy ways of grieving. It is apparent from the module notes that the process can trigger other wellness problems during the various stages that a bereaved person undergoes. After this lesson, I hope to apply the knowledge to ease the grief or help other people overcome the situation healthily. I feel that losing a loved one poses more wellness risks to patients who already suffer other underlying conditions as compared with their normal counterparts. They need moral support from caregivers and family members to prevent the development of critical illnesses. What did you learn?
Sergeant William Carney was the first Afro-American soldier who received the prestigious Congressional Medal of Honor. Recognition of Carney’s courage by awarding him the Congressional Medal became a significant event in the history of the Civil War and the struggle for the equal rights of African Americans. The prestigious recognition of Carney’s courage was a turning point in the history of African Americans in the armed forces because previously African Americans not only had never been awarded medals but even were denied the right to take part in the Civil War because of the racial prejudices. “Many whites believed that they [African Americans] lacked the courage and intelligence to be effective soldiers” (Reef, 2010, p. 61). However, in 1863 the Union Army had to abandon this policy and start accepting African American recruits for the purpose of reinforcing their groups. The Massachusetts 54 th Colored Infantry which William Carney joined in February, 1963 was one of the first Afro-American regiments. Displaying their courage in the face of death during the assault on Fort Wagner, Carney and his brother-soldiers managed to prove that they did have enough courage and experience for becoming effective soldiers. William Carney was one of the soldiers of the historical fifty-fourth that displayed not only their courage but also devotion to the ideals of the Civil War during the dangerous assault on Fort Wagner. According to the data of the Congressional Record, “Despite being shot twice, Carney planted the colors announcing, “Boys the old flag never touched the ground” (Congress, 2003, p. 5106). After the enemies shot Colonel Shaw who led the 54 th and the soldier next to him who carried the Union flag, Carney did not let the flag fall disregarding his own intense pain from his wounds. It not only demonstrated his heroism and moral strength in the face of death but also encouraged other soldiers for continuing the struggle while some of them began to panic. “The sight of the national flag bolstered the soldiers’ courage and reminded them of the values for which they fought” (Reef, 2010, p. 62). When a soldier from a New York regiment offered his help in carrying the flag on the way to a hospital, Carney declined any assistance, admitting that only a soldier from 54 th could do it. Though Carney got the Congressional medal only in May 23, 1900, he became the first person of his race who receive
In the June, 2002 article entitled “Nurses Not Acting As Patient’s Advocate: Substantial Verdict Entered Against hospital” from the Legal Eye Newsletter For The Nursing Profession, the case of a 17 year old who was admitted to the emergency room of an unnamed hospital who was basically misdiagnosed after a motorcycle accident was discussed in terms of the repercussions of then assigned nurse’s actions upon the patient and the hospital. The patient was admitted complaining of lack of feeling in the left knee and numbness in the corresponding foot. That alone should have been a red flag regarding a serious problem with the patient. However, even after failing to find the pulse in the same leg using palpation and a portable sound device, the nurse’s simply shrugged off the problem, took extensive notes, referred the case to the ER doctor, and then sent the patient on home even though there was no actual diagnosis made. I got irritated by the nurse’s attitude towards the patient and her work because all the signs pointing to a serious health crisis existed, and there was a medical staff hierarchy in place to help resolve the patient situation and yet she chose to do nothing. It was almost as if the nurse completely forgot about the hospital policies and training in favor of accomplishing a task as quickly, although not efficiently possible. Apparently, hospitals do have many regulations in place in order to insure that patients who come in will get the proper medical care that they deserve. These regulations are in place in order to help the hospital avoid any malpractice suits. Which is why I find it mind boggling that all the safety features failed the patient in this instance. The final outcome of the situation got me to thinking though. How would I have reacted had I been the nurse on duty at the time of the accident? What if I was the person who failed to find a pulse? Would I also have just taken extensive notes and shrugged off the patient complaints? Or would I have tried to do something more for the patient? Placing myself in the nurse’s shoes, I know that I would have done a lot more than just take extensive notes in order to cover my butt. Admittedly, the note taking was an important part of the job. However, note taking also serves as an impromptu case analysis for the nurses and physicians on the floor. In the event that nobody understood the case, as what happened to this patient, I would have gone through the protocol drill. I will do that because as a nurse, my primary directive is to help ease a patient’s pain and help save his life. The patient has no idea about what is going on within his system and relied on the medical professionals to find the problem and fix it. Something that these health professionals failed to do for some reason or another. In the end, they had no excuse for th
Liquidity and solvency are the concepts often used by accountants, investors, and shareholders to measure the financial health of a business and its means to stay profitable. The financial terms represent a company’s ability to respond to short-term or long-term financial commitments or liabilities. The following discussion post will compare and contrast liquidity and solvency and discuss the items or events that might affect the abilities. The concepts of liquidity and solvency have two main similarities. First, both notions indicate the ability to repay a company’s debts or obligations. Second, liquidity and solvency should be equally measured to make informed investment decisions and financial recommendations. In addition to the similarities discussed above, liquidity and solvency have considerable differences. The former involves short-term or immediate liabilities, and the latter responds to long-term debts and obligations. Another difference is the distinct role of each concept in financial analysis. Liquidity demonstrates how fast the assets can be converted into cash, and solvency can be used to predict a business’s future prosperity or measure its financial health (Hayes & Young, 2020). Finally, there are variations in the assessment instruments since liquidity is evaluated by employing a current or quick ratio, while solvency is measured by examining a company’s shareholder’s equity. The events affecting the assets and liabilities of a business can significantly influence its liquidity and solvency. For instance, an expiring patent may create risks to a company’s liquidity and solvency, as its competitors can produce identical products and occupy a leading position in the market. As a result, the firm might lose its royalty payments, influencing its current and future earnings. Moreover, the changes in laws and regulations can undermine the ability of a business to continue operations and force it into insolvency even if it continues to produce steady cash flow (Hayes & Young, 2020). Overall, liquidity and solvency are essential short-term and long-term indicators of a company’s financial position that might be impacted by patent expiration and policy changes. Reference Hayes, A., & Young, J. (2020). Solvency . Investopedia. Web.
Introduction The globalization of the labor market offers new competitive advantages to international businesses. Creating production platforms in low-wage countries is a mutually beneficial agreement, as the countries in question receive workplaces and payments, while the producers save money on labor and have the opportunity to reduce the price on the provided services and products, thus becoming more competitive and available to the customers. Nevertheless, opening a business in different cultural environments presents a set of specific challenges attributed to certain cultural and political aspects of the chosen region. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the components of Chinese, Saudi Arabian, and Brazilian cultures from a business standpoint. Economic Systems The three chosen countries have different economic systems, which were founded and influenced by various geopolitical and historical processes. Saudi Arabia is a capitalist market economy. This economic system allows the market players to compete freely, with the government regulating the legal relationships between the producers and the customers (Heider, 2017). Despite being a monarchy, Saudi Arabia was influenced by the West and profited greatly from being a major trading outpost between Asia and Europe. The country adopted a free-market economic model to make itself more attractive to western investors. China has a command economic system. In such a system, the government plays a central role in resource management, production, and legislation (Heider, 2017). Such a system was adopted due to the lasting influence of the USSR on the country’s political and governance systems. However, in recent years, China has become more accepting of foreign businesses and opened borders for companies wishing to establish production facilities there to benefit from the Chinese abundance of the labor force. This also signified a slow shift from a command economy to a mixed economy. Right now, China is one of the most prominent economic partners of the West. Brazil is considered the largest growing economy in Latin America. It has a mixed economy system in place. A mixed economy is a combination of traditional, command, and free-market econ
One of the health behaviors that can be influenced by both the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior model is preventive health behavior. Preventive health behavior is a non-willingness of the people to get a vaccination against a particular virus (Janz & Becker, 1984). Several factors are important in shaping an individual’s intention regarding the vaccination. These factors include compliance with medication regimen, following medical appointments, smoking behavior, etc. The intention of people regarding the vaccination was successfully identified via analysis of other health behaviors using the Health Belief Model. The main idea of the Health Belief Model is that people’s involvement in health-related activities can be predicted and explained by their perceptions and beliefs about health problems, the advantages and disadvantages of particular health-related actions, and self-efficacy. At the same time, the Theory of Planned Behavior uses a number of predictors to identify the future behavior of the person regarding the vaccination. Both, Health Belief Model and Protection Motivation Theory have their own distinctions, which make them different along with the similarities between two concepts. The main construct and variables make the concepts similar to each other (Ajzen, 1988). When applied to the prediction of screening behavior, both models consider the severity of the illness, barriers and benefits of the action, and vulnerability of the person. Personal and demographic variables play a more important role in Health Belief Model. Also, Health Behavior Model allows health motivation to be a relatively equal and independent variable within the model. At the same time, Protection Motivation Theory pays high attention to self-efficacy, response-efficacy, and maladaptive responses (Floyd, 2000). Moreover, the theory is more advantageous in terms of properly framing the information. Thus, I believe that these two concepts have both similarities and differences. However, I would not agree with the statement that the concepts are ‘very similar.’
Marriage A marriage is defined as a legal contract or a social union between persons who gives rise to families or relationships. It is also an association where sexual and intimate affairs are accepted in various ways; depending on the cultures, it is found. People marry for a number of reasons, which may include social and emotional. They might also include arranged marriages, libidinal or a forced into the marriage through forced marriages. Marriage usually creates legal commitments between the people involved. In some cultures, marriages can be broken or ended through divorce. To the state and to an extent the religious group a marriage is a contract. In different societies, the governing authorities hold civil marriage as the official or legal concept of marriages. This is regardless of what the religious authorities or personal prejudices may be. What are the particular issues related to marriage and the dynamics associated with it? Marriages like any other type of relationship be it friendship or work faces many problems. Some of these problems might be minor but at times, the problems become a major source of stress, which may lead to dire consequences such as divorce. Problems that face many marriages include but are not limited to money, children, daily stress, poor communication, bad habits, blended family issues, affairs and many more. Fighting and stress brought about by money has been cited as the most common source of conflict in marriage. A fight over money is symbolic and represents power struggles in the family or difference in values that each couple holds. In hard economic times, issues about money become a source of stress and may sometimes manifest itself in general stress. For example if one of the couple is stressed about money, the person becomes easily agitated and generally more stressed. The person may start picking fights with their partner about trivial things and may at times not even realize it. The lack or presence of children in marriage has been attributed to some extent causing marital problems. In some cultures, having children is the primary driving force in marriage. In this situations lack of children becomes a major source of stress in the relationship and this mostly affects the person seen or is suspected as the reason. Children bring joy and are a gift to married couples. They, however, can be a source and ground for many disagreements between married couples. Caring for children asks for more responsibility and at the same time brings about changes in roles, which may place couples at opposing sides creating disagreements. Caring for the children also demands a lot of time and this cons
Does the Internet promise to increase or decrease social inequalities, and how might changes in the technology reduce or exacerbate this effect? With the advent of the Internet and the opportunity of remote work, the premises for several changes within the employment landscape were created. Sadly enough, despite years of fighting for equality, gender and racial profiling in the workplace remains a major issue; however, with the opportunities that the Internet provides, some of the issues could be solved. First, the Internet is a very powerful tool for increasing awareness. With the help of the social network, one can reach the people living in the remote corners of the world, which is crucial for fighting prejudice triggering inequalities. Second and most important, the Internet offers a plethora of free tools for the promotion of equality ideas, starting from CMS sources for creating sites with the corresponding context, up to blogging options, and uploading corresponding videos on YouTube. However, it should be mentioned that, unless the problem of inequality is not acknowledged, using the Internet as the tool for designing new avenues to address racial and gender profiling is impossible. To solve the gender and race profiling issue, it is necessary to handle social prejudices, and the Internet should be viewed as a tool for enhancing awareness of the problem and not as a panacea from social inequalities. How does technology shape our workplace? In many respects, technology affects not only how production processes, as well as the process of information management, is carried out but also the structure of the workplace and the relationships between employees, along with the relations between an employee and the employer. Among the most obvious changes, the ability to work remotely must be mentioned first. Even though the given option allows for more career opportunities and can help solve the issue of unemployment is doubtlessly a positive change, the lack of cooperation between the office managers and the remote employees is rapidly becoming the issue of top priority. The loss of touch with fellow employees and the managers makes the coordination of organizational behavior and enhancement of corporate values practically impossible, which can lead to a considerable drop in production values. Is the regulatory apparatus of our government sufficient to protect our public interests? It is necessary to keep in mind that the Internet is considered a free space created for communication, business, and entertainment purposes and cannot be regulated completely. Therefore, the protection from privacy invasion provided by the government, though doubtlessly worth appreciating, is not enough. To make the process of online surfing safer, one has to follow specific rules, as well as one’s common sense, and be responsible for the use of the Internet. Of course, even the best security system cannot prevent instances of fraud. Therefore, being cautious and reas