ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays there are a plenty of materials and technologies allowing making design a masterpiece of art. However, modern design goes beyond the frameworks of the art value. It is also aimed at making the premises useful and appropriate for the modern activities. The Camper Showroom in Shanghai is one of the best examples of the modern design and architecture. The camper showroom in Shanghai The Camper Showroom is Shanghai is the new built showroom and office building located in one of the biggest and most populated cities in the world. The design of the building was created by Neri & Hu, talented Chinese designers. The purpose of the new building is to satisfy the needs of the business people. The design of the building is useful as it contains several conference rooms, the premises for presentations and exhibitions as well as the spaces for offices. In the so fast-growing city as Shanghai, such kind of building is a vital part of the city infrastructure. The design is innovative as it embodies newest decisions in the exterior and interior of the building. The style of the building reminds us of the modern warehouse but with the elements of the old style in design. The long wood piles support the roof. The walls are decorated with the refinement in imitation of brick. There are a lot of wood in the design. Some piles and the ladder steps are colored in the red color which emphasizes the lines in the modern style. “Reclaimed materials reflect the local colors and textures and are used to build a two-story house within a larger wareho
Introduction Legal remedies are the means through which justice is achieved in other ways besides the usual jail sentences or death penalties. However, legal rights must be involved in the process. They are usually granted after judgment or hearing where the court orders the plaintiff and the defendant to reach an agreement but the settlement has to be within the operations of the law. Most legal remedies involve compensation where the defendant is required to pay either money or is prohibited from undertaking certain actions. In other cases, however, an exaggerated remedy may be adopted where the judge appoints a third party to act as a referee or an investigator. The most commonly used extraordinary remedy; however, is the appointment of a third party to take charge of the property especially where compensation of destroyed property is involved ( 1 ). There are different forms of remedies to be adopted depending on the nature of the case as well as the plaintiff’s choice of recovery. Equitable and legal remedies It is necessary to determine how, when and why judicial relief or legal remedy is offered to those who have been offended. The issue is to determine what happens to a person when their rights have been contravened. In other words, it is necessary to determine how, when and why judicial relief or legal remedy is offered to those who have been offended. Prior to an examination of the various forms of remedies available, it is essential to examine why they exist in the first place. Legal remedy comes from the notion of a legal maxim where existence of a right necessitates remedy. In other words, the principle relies on assertions that whenever a right has been with-held, then there should be a remedy in place to correct that or if an injury has occurred then the victim should be duly redressed through the remedy ( 2 ). It is necessary to understand how remedy is carried out by the parties concerned. In the United States, legal remedy is offered through three major pathways including monetary compensation to a victim. Here, the offender is obligated to pay damages in the form of either compensatory damage if the issue under consideration is bodily injury or punitive damages when the offending party has taken part in some kind of fraud or any such misconduct. The second method of offering remedies is through equity where the defendant is obligated to right the wrong that he committed against the complainant. Here, the court may issue an injunction or a specific performance where the party to a contract is obligated to complete his end of the bargain or to perform a certain task (specified in the contract) that he had failed to do so in the beginning. This category may also be called coercive remedies where the court will tell a defendant not to behave in a certain manner and reinforce it using contempt where he or she will be arrested if he/ she disobey this order. Lastly, the justice system in the country offers declaratory relief where the concerned parties are required to abide by a cert
Joe Turner’s Come and Gone is an America play by August Wilson that chronicles the confrontations and fights of African Americans in the twentieth century. While dealing with the themes of racial discrimination, identity, and migration, the play also focuses on separate characters who are concerned with their searching for self-recognition and connection. The themes of slavery and inequality, as well as protection of human rights, are brightly illustrated through Bynum Walker, one of the main heroes, a freed slave originating from the South and living at the Holly’s house. Because Walker is a “conjure”, he is engaged with voodoo activities, which also indicates his affiliation to the African identity. In fact, Bynum Walker is a multi-faceted character that is considered as a mysterious personality who is endowed with unusual qualities. The idea of identity and connection is explicitly represented through Walker’s portrayal in the play. He is among few protagonists who feel comfortable with his origins and who understand the importance of sustaining his identity. Therefore, the hero personifies the individuals’ constant searching for identity, as well as his aspiration to maintain traditions and customs from the past. The actual representation of identity issues is also shown through depiction of some mysterious events, such as Bynum’s stories about inner song and shining man. By implementing this style of narration, Bynum prefers using the wisdom of previous generations in treating the surrounding world. His strong commitment to spiritual and historical heritage points to his full reliance on his ethnicity and identity. The heron evident connection with the African heritage also reveals the theme of racial discrimination and identity. Bynum is described as a wise person in his sixties who has lived enough to realize his goals in life. Although the former slave had been separated from his origins, he still remembers of previous times, his roots and whom he was. Understanding the flashbacks from the past allows Bynum to live the present life and shape certain values and opinions about people surrounding him. Therefore, he criticizes most of the African Americans, who ignore their heritage and who prefer living in accordance with the principles accepted in white society. In the play, Bynum often refers to music that plays an important force facilitating the hero’s affiliation to the identity. Therefore, the hero often sings songs that characterize his attitude to the history of African slaves. In addition, Bynum’s singing through the play provides a clear picture of his spiritual and cultural relationship with his African heritage. His signing, therefore, is attributed to his rich experience and wisdom; he seems to know African songs for all characters and occasions. By performing his songs, the hero emphasizes his strong commitment to the traditions and cultures he preserves. In conclusion, Bynum walker is a form African
In the present world, there are many ways of communication between people, organizations, and industries. One of the most rapidly developing parts of entertainment and time-consuming activities is games. There is no doubt that media and games, in particular, have a certain effect on a person and their mind. It gives an individual access to a world of fantasy, which very often is made to reflect the real world and so the connection between the two worlds becomes more transparent. Just as TV, games are said to influence the cognitive schemas of an individual in relation to the real, everyday world. But there is a problematic trend of underrepresentation of certain kinds of people in the gaming industry. A study where characters used in games were analyzed showed that a bias towards certain races indeed took place. Some characters are used less often than others. These are females, children, and elderly people. Also, the characters are mostly “white” favoring one race more than others. While a user plays a game he spends more time as a primary character-whichever character he plays with, while the other characters in the game, which he or she randomly interacts with, spend very little time on the screen. Because of this, a player gets used to a certain kind of people mostly represented in the game. And here a line is drawn to the real world where that person will be less inclined to communicate or relate to people of other races or backgrounds, different from those she or he have experienced in the game. This creates a barrier in the communication between a generation that is game-centered and people who do not spend as much time in front of the screen. Another problem is that a person who is a part of a minority group will notice that their own presence in the game is not given much consideration and this could possibly create thoughts that their race is inferior or not as good as the one that is mostly represented in the game. This is a sensitive matter where an individual will make conclusions based on this representation and communicate to their peers or particularly friends and family from
Introduction In the world of advanced technologies, it is becoming easier to find a specific item to purchase. The newest search engines and analyzing machines facilitate the process by providing a buyer with multiple suggestions. However, there is a downside in the particular tools intended to make people’s life simpler and allow them to escape the mountains of unnecessary information. Amazon’s Tool for Making Suggestions to their Customers Every website selling products online has an integrated machine for generating new suggestions in accordance with a customer’s search data, and Amazon is no exception to the rule. On the website, there is a page “Your Amazon.com,” which contains a range of products similar to the ones customers used to search and buy before. Another section based on search requests is the one with products popular among the other buyers of an item you have just purchased. It offers additional software for your laptop, or any other device searched by customers. The popularity of this list of products arises from the trust of the people who made the same choice. “Reason and Rationality” of the Suggestions Tool Even though the coordination of search engines and item suggestions compilation within one website is a common practice, it does not necessarily provide both reason and rationality. To receive customer’s support and increase the company’s profit, it has to consider many nuances in the process. The success of a website refers to the appropriate suggestions for a customer that make him buy a product and the consequent satisfaction from its usage. To provide the service, the tool has the task of gathering big data. The term “big data” means “larger, more complex data sets” (“What is Big Data?”: “The Definition of Big Data.”). It refers to the increased amount of data a person cannot process without special machines. The big data contributes to more precise suggestions as they solely depend on the amounts of processed information. The more data the tool manages to process, the more accurate suggestions the customer receives. It is essential to make sure that the tool works correctly and provides the result that cannot be a simple coincidence. The task here is to make the correct conclusions “based on the correlation between X and Y” (Anderson). For instance, if a customer is searching for new headphones, the suggestion to buy a stereo system is unlikely to substitute his or her original intention. Therefore, the company needs to be confident in the results of data processing. In case of Amazon, the reason for developing special tool lies in the fact that a customer takes less time to make a decision on a purchase of an item if he sees some help from the platform creators. Considering all the misinterpretations of his intentions by a search tool and the consequent wrong suggestions, a customer tends to doubt the rationality of such sections and its use to him or her. Thus, the company should work on the accuracy
Introduction Information systems should try to balance between functionality, reliability, portability, performance, usability and maintainability for them to address the needs of their users. However, Piercy (2004) points that it is important to remember that there is no perfect system since future needs of the user groups keep on changing in addition to technological changes. Nonetheless, a good system must address different demands and needs of its users in the present times and foreseeable future to have a balanced solution. Therefore, this paper seeks to evaluate the current system used by SGA in order to determine whether it is contributing to the intended outcomes of its user group. Thereafter, it makes some recommendations for the replacement of the system. Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Current System The current system has several attributes that makes it effective in its management of information. One of the core aspects that make the current system to be effective is its accuracy in its work performance. For that matter, the system is acknowledged to be effective since it is capable of processing data accurately which is most important in decision making for all stakeholders of SGA. Decisions are made based on accurate information and this has steered the institution to the right direction. Furthermore, consistency is another attribute that is associated with the current students’ management information system. The system is able to produce uniform and consistent information in all levels of the institution which is key in decision making process as conclusions drawn from every level is consistent. Nonetheless, the system ensures completeness of information in its information processing. For instance, the system applies validation technique that ensures that all required data is entered before processing moves to the next stage. In addition, this validation ensures only required data is entered. For example, in inputting information that relates to digits, the system does not allow entering of alphabetical letters. This makes sure that complete and right information are given hence making information processed to be complete and reliable. Moreover, it is also imperative to acknowledge that the current system used by SGA is reliable in terms of performance. It is able to perform tasks quickly serve the needs of its users. For instance, grading of students can be done simultaneously in a short period of time which is opposed to the old manual system that used to take several days before marks could be computed for grading. Strengths of the Current System Strengths of the current system are drawn from its properties that make it more effective and reliable. Nonetheless, the most important strength of the current information system of SGA is that it has a comprehensive aspect that encompasses most administration aspect of the institution. For instance, it has functionalities that manage student registration, creation of time table, measurement of students’ performance, students’ attendance record, ma
The article under discussion is called “International Legal System as Initiatives to Enhance the Umm Qasr Port Security”; it represents a study report prepared by Iranian researchers Hassan Jafari and Somayeh Dehdari. The paper under discussion is devoted to the examination of the port security problem in the framework of the Umm Qasr Port. The authors put a particular emphasis on the problem of the International legal system’s implementation and the efficiency of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code (Jafari & Dehdari, 2013). From the very first lines of the introduction, one might understand that the researchers are mainly interested in the efficacy of the particular security measure – the ISPS Code. Before Jafari and Dehdari introduce the research question itself, they cover a series of minor problems that it comprises. Thus, the authors point out the cost-effectiveness of this security code, its benefits for the customers and potential disadvantages for the personnel. Therefore, the readers might presume in advance that the question of the following research is going to be focused on the outcomes of the ISPS Code integration in the port security system. Even though the focus of the research is evident, the researchers clearly put their principal question at the end of the introductory passage. According to Jafari and Dehdari, their study is aimed at the assessment of the effects of the ISPS Code implementation (Jafari & Dehdari, 2013). The hypothesis of the analyzed research is represented in the format of a series of assumptions. Thus, the authors do not have a principal supposition the validness of which they intend to test with the help of the experiment. Instead, they put forward six assumptions that imply various aspects of the security code’s performance: price, customers’ satisfaction, duration length, to name but a few. One should necessarily point out that the authors provide a detailed explanation of the security code phenomenon, introducing the readers into the main problematic and potential questions in this area. Such an accurate description of the examined subject helps one realize the importance of the research. The “so what” question will hardly arise as long as one gets acquainted with the provided data. Therefore, Jafari and Dehdari manage to convince the readers that the study is worth carrying out. Meanwhile, as to the uniqueness of the analyzed research, this question is not elucidated throughout the paper. The researchers do not provide any information regarding the novelty of the following study and their insights. Nevertheless, due to the fact that Jafari and Dehdari examine the implementation of the security code on the example of a particular port, Umm Qasr, one tends to presume that the study is unique. Another point that is worth analyzing is the research’s design. One
Introduction The health care industry has been undergoing tremendous transformation in the last three decades. These transformations have created both enormous opportunities and threats and at the same time, it has led into realization of creation of new organizations. Entrepreneurship is one of the opportunities that have resulted and drastically increased due to the changes in health care environment; indeed, it has become the best and effective strategic response to threats that are produced by the changes (Blair, 2007, p.130). Discovering entrepreneur opportunity in health care generally requires individuals with relative adequate experience or information with the ability to recognize the availability of opportunity and thereafter device the means for exploiting the opportunity. In order to effectively exploit the identified opportunity in health care, an entrepreneur needs to understand the nature of the opportunity and develop orientation actions aimed at achieving the goals. Once the entrepreneur has outlined the opportunity, the next important thing is to evaluate costs and benefits of exploiting the opportunity. The nature of the opportunity is not just enough for an entrepreneur, but again certain key skills have been attributed to the success of most entrepreneurs irrespective of their fields. These characteristics include: propensity for risk taking, a tendency for positive self-efficacy and a high tolerance for ambiguity. Positive aspects of entrepreneurship The emergence of entrepreneurship in health care industry has seen both positive and negative effects being realized. For example, the positive aspects of entrepreneurship include: first, through entrepreneurship in health care industry, jobs have been created thereby absorbing a large number of professionals who would otherwise have been jobless. Second, entrepreneurship in the industry has led to provision of health services in regions or areas that, in some way, public or few managed private facilities available would not have managed. Third, entrepreneurship is closely associated with innovation and as a result, more cost-effective technology has been developed and enhanced which in turn has led to greater number of members in society to get access to key and vital health products or services. Fourth, entrepreneurship in health care industry has also promoted competition among the health products and service providers and the positive results of this competition have translated to the patients who are largely the consumers of these products and services. Fifth, assessing the wider role of entrepreneurs in any society, it can be concluded that, entrepreneurship in health care is necessary as it positively contributes to research and development in the field. For instance, Margaret Miller has estimated that 75 per cent of all innovations are credited to entrepreneurs (Miller, 2008) and without innovations then the world would be a boring place to inhabit. Sixth, the prosperity of a nation is la
Fingerprint identification remains an essential practice in forensic science, falling under the category of one of the most reliable pieces of evidence in the court. However, current research in the field puts the widespread belief of the unique arrangement of fingerprints under substantial scientific scrutiny, providing alternative interpretations of the phenomenon. This assignment explores the role of bias in the possible erroneous identifications, as well, as the criticism of the Department of Justice (DOJ) on latent print analysis. It is critical to note that the DOJ does not agree with most of the criticism produced by comparative forensics regarding latent print analysis. Instead, the institution filters the provided information to organize evidence-based guidelines for forensic experts. As noted by Thompson, Black, Jain, and Kadane (2017), one of the three conclusions may be derived from the latent print analysis, including source identification, inconclusiveness, or source exclusion. According to the researchers, the DOJ also outlines specific qualifications and limitations of the analysis, taking into consideration the novel criticism of the issue (Thompson et al., 2017). However, little evidence exists that the DOJ disapproves of the procedure because of the opposing theory published. The unique arrangement of fingerprints is yet another debatable topic in the field. Along with the contemporary trend, experts attempt to disprove the theory of the unique arrangement of friction ridges to explain the number of erroneously convicted prisoners whose fingerprints supposedly matched the ones on the crime scene (Mars, Passingham, & Jbabdi, 2018). Despite the ongoing theory, current research does not provide scientific support for the aforementioned belief, as no two people have been found to have identical fingerprints yet. While the theory on the unique arrangement of fingerprints has not been refuted, it is essential to evaluate the role of cognitive bias in erroneous identification. As explained by Czebe and Kovacs (2015) on the basis of the Mayfield case, four out of five experts were stuck by their previous judgments when they were asked to re-evaluate faulty prints from Mayfield. In this situation, previous knowledge about the case prevented professionals from making conclusive reports. To minimize such confirmation bias, it is worthy to detach oneself from the preexisting beliefs, keeping the information channels open.