ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
How “normative” ethics are visible in the Indonesian, Australian and global responses. ‘Normative’ ethics are a part of moral philosophy that doesn’t list any particular ethical actions; though it is able to conclude whether the actions are morally right or wrong. In the given conflict Australia and Indonesia are on the side of the victims, though many would argue with the methods chosen to punish and prevent further terrorism. Indonesia was involved in fighting with global terrorism along with Australia long before grievous attacks of October 2002; nonetheless, whilst working hard on prevention terrorist attacks, they chose a relatively light punishment for the leader of Jemmah Islamiyah. The spiritual head of the organization – Abu Bakar Bashir – elected the image of an elderly man and a humble hard worker in an Islamic school. There was no direct evidence of him towards terrorism, so the court (with the support of Australia, Indonesia and other) accused him of treason and immigration offenses, thus meeting an ethical conflict. Nevertheless, the ASEAN Convention on counterterrorism in 2007 approved more persistence to confront terrorism. As a result, the Convention allowed the extradition even if there is no evident bi-lateral extradition treaty, showing how uncompromising the government has become. Is it possible for regional governments to balance the normative ethics of the case with the use their power to have any real impact on terrorist activities? “As we practice resolving dilemmas we find ethics to be less a goal than a pathway, less a destination than a trip, less an inoculation than a process.” — Ethicist Rushworth Kidder. Methods to augment ethics and accountability in the Australian Public Service have grown rapidly with the help of the government. One of the main questions that arise on the subject of terrorism is ‘justice versus mercy’; the dilemma of whether to give an example by strict punishment or to lighten it for learning experience, to be precise. The actions are going to be defined as normative as long as they are justified by the government. In order for customs and laws to become moral, there has to be a normative factor. Norms versus realism has been a crucial subject of debates since 20 th century; however, the world became more derisive after the Cold War and the normative paradigms shifted. The discussion of whether the countries are allowed to use violence as a preventative measure was renewed with the global war on terrorism. The government protects the interest and, no less, lives of its citizens or people from other countries they are able to harbor. A
Introduction The legal context of fashion and design is of great importance to many professionals working in this field. As a rule, much attention is paid to the protection of intellectual property. Copyright violations can become the cause of significant conflicts between various companies because, in this way, they try to retain their competitive position in the market. This paper is aimed at examining the concept of trade dress. Moreover, it is important to discuss trade dress protection in the United States. In this way, one can illustrate the influence of legal issues on fashion and design. Overall, it is possible to argue that trade dress can be effectively protected if fashion designers can demonstrate the distinctiveness and non-functionality of their work. These criteria are important for determining whether copyright was violated or not. Furthermore, the legislation, which exists in the United States, is sufficient for safeguarding the rights of designers or manufacturers. However, there are some limitations; for example, American legislators do not explicitly identify the term trade dress. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. The notion of trade dress Very often, this term trade dress is used to describe various visual characteristics of a product; in particular, one should speak about such elements as shape, the combination of colors, texture, or ornaments (Holbrook & Harris 2008, p. 223). In many cases, this concept can be defined as the “overall image” of a certain product (Holbrook & Harris 2008, p. 223). However, it is important to remember that the elements of trade dress are not fully identified in various legal definitions (Jimenez & Kolsun
There are three prevention strategies to be applied to address the development of the current opioid crisis that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention strategies are based on the prevention of opioid abuse through improving prescription procedures as clinicians need to assess a variety of factors and risks before prescribing opioids to patients. The effective evaluation of possible risks of the development of drug addiction is obligatory. In this situation, the focus should be on proposing non-opioid analgesics as alternatives for patients (Kolodny et al., 2015). The non-medical use of opioids can be prevented by asking for only legitimate prescriptions in the pharmacy. Secondary prevention in the context of the opioid crisis is related to screening individuals’ health conditions. The focus is on treating opioid-addicted people to prevent complications and decrease the risk of overdosing. Much attention should be paid to educating community members regarding the early identification of opioid abuse (Kolodny et al., 2015; McAnally, 2018). Furthermore, clinicians need to pay more attention to screening patients regarding the necessity of continuing opioid therapy and providing prescriptions for refills. In the context of tertiary prevention, it is necessary to promote therapeutic approaches and rehabilitation required for individuals addicted to opioids. Therapies can be prescribed depending on the results of multidimensional assessments of potential risks because many factors need to be taken into consideration. The purpose is to prevent drug abduction among treated patients and overcome the risks of overdosing. At this stage, it is necessary to apply substitution therapies supported by psychosocial therapy to promote positive outcomes of the treatment (Kolodny et al., 2015; McAnally, 2018). Clinicians are expected to facilitate individuals’ recovery from opioid addiction in the context of tertiary prevention strategies.
Slavery in America was a period in which people were caught and taken to do manual work in America from various parts of the world as a result of colonization. Slavery in America started in the year 1700 when British started coming to America and brought African captives who were made slaves in construction of buildings and other manual activities in America. Slaver was much supported in southern America as a result of the laziness of the South American people. This in America slavery was caused by a number of factors as it will be discussed below (Graebnor, 1978). Economic reasons were the major causes of the slavery in America in which the slaves were sold to Americans at cheap prices whose main work was to offer manual work in various economic activities. These slaves were captured from Africa, Middle East and Far East among others and transported to America in which they served as cheap labor for many economic activities including the construction of buildings and also in industries for production of various commodities (Gephardt, 1984). The British also economically benefited from the slavery trade because they earned an income from selli
Background The Barbican is a state-owned mixed-use complex in St. Giles Cripplegate, just north of St. Paul’s. Construction commenced in 1971. By 1982, HM the Queen presided at the opening of the core Barbican Hall, home to the London Symphony Orchestra. Three more years were to pass, however, before the entire complex was finished. Just over a decade later, in 1996, all the venues needed refurbishing again and the acoustics at Barbican Hall itself needed vast improvement. Aside from the 1,949 seat Barbican Hall, the Centre today comprises two theatres, 3 cinemas, two art galleries; blocks of flats, landscaped gardens, an area of, foyers and public spaces (The Curve), a roof-top tropical conservatory, 7 conference suites, 2 trade exhibition halls, private function rooms and three restaurants. The Business of Culture and Live Entertainment At core, the Barbican is an arts and culture venue. The Barbican Hall repertoire has included contemporary music concerts, multi-media events (also termed “multi-arts”), dance, Bach cantatas, opera, and staged works. In short, the unique selling proposition of the Barbican is that it presents the most diverse range of high-quality international work across all the art forms. Even the cinemas present a disparate schedule of first-run releases, talks, silent films with live music, innovative animation, high-impact documentaries and film festivals. Integrated Marketing Issues Goal The Barbican pursues a fair share of mind, of leisure time and entertainment budgets. That much is standard for any marketing operation, especially an arts and culture center that must sustain its “market franchise” with product that appeals to both traditionalists and culture “primitives.” Product The target markets of The Barbican count arts connoisseurs, businessmen, and university students. Being the largest such venue in Europe, it can also count on attracting domestic and foreign visitors. However, there is no lack of competition. For the rest of the year, there are no less than 332 major arts, music and folk festivals throughout the Continent, from Sweden to Crete, France to Ukraine (Festivals by Country 2). The lion’s share offers something exotic and unique – puppetry, humor, ethnic presentations in native settings – that the Barbican matches solely by importing traveling troupes from, say, Africa and Brazil. Elsewhere in the UK, cultural and entertainment scene is vigorous with folk, fringe and music festivals just about everywhere: Devon, Manchester, Wales, Scotland, Dublin, Jersey, the Isle of Wight, Edinburgh, to name just a handful (British Council for the Arts, 1). The lesson that sinks in is that the Barbican has its hands full standing out from the plethora of choices for both local and foreign visitors. In the ceaseless search for unique, high-profile product offerings, the arts scene has plumbed the diversity the world’s cultures have to offer and explored rare enough collaborations with science. Dubbed “sciart”, one example was a collaboration in 2000 the amongst the Natural History Museum, young artists from ten UK arts centers and neur
Evolution and natural selection selected species that were well suited to live on earth and eliminated those that were weak. This means that human beings conquered all challenges before becoming the modern men who now control almost all activities in the world. This essay explores the appropriateness of civilization in producing natural communities for human beings. Nature dictates that all human beings are equal and must access quality services from relevant authorities. However, this has not always been the case since the same nature selects individuals that survive through various challenges. It eliminates those that have poor qualities and gives the stronger ones more survival opportunities. Therefore, this was a major concern that necessitated the need for human beings to become civilized. Individuals that were weak could not live out in the cold; therefore, they built houses to shelter them from harsh environmental conditions. Those that could not afford this were wiped out by diseases, pests, and other environmental hazards. Secondly, democracy has always been an issue that differentiates human beings from other living things. People can elect their preferred leaders and reject those that exhibit poor leadership skills. Communities established their regimes in these formed nations. Therefore, a nation is made up of communal regimes each having different practices. However, they must have common goals that reflect national aspirations. There is usually a supreme authority that dominates other regimes and controls their activities. This explains the presence of community leaders that play crucial roles in determining various communal issues. On the other hand, the national government controls the activities of all communities within its boundaries. This means that these communities have laws that reflect their national values. Communal laws do not conflict with national regulations but they work together to ensure the rights of all people are respected. In addition, a civilized community gives people the freedom to do what they want and ensures there are guidelines to monitor their excesses. Constitutions are drafted to ensure human beings enjoy their rights without interfering with those of their neighbors. This means that people are allowed to do what they want provided their actions do not interfere with the activities of other people. For instance, fre
Executive Summary Maldives Post Limited is a postal service company that offers a wide range of services, including express mail service (EMS), money transfer, payment of utility bills, posting cargo, and passport photo services. This paper looks into the strategic management of the company and evaluates its competitive advantage. It also critiques the firm’s vision and mission statements and offers recommendations for improvement. The company’s competitiveness has been assessed using the competitive profile matrix (CPM), while its external environment has been evaluated using the PESTLE analysis. The effectiveness of the marketing strategies adopted by Maldives Post Ltd has also been assessed using the internal factor evaluation (IFE) matrix and the external factors evaluation (EFE) tool. A SWOT analysis of the company has also been conducted. In addition, alternative and competitive strategies have been recommended at the end of the paper. Introduction to Maldives Post Limited Maldives Post Limited offers a wide range of postal services, such as money order services and express mails in the Maldives (Ellis, 2008; The Ministry of Planning and National Development, 2005). The firm has operated since the in
The role of management within any business model has recently undergone some drastic changes in terms of approaches to success and productivity measures. Previously, hard skills were the major demand for the employee, and the manager’s role, thus, was to track the workers’ productivity considering the company’s goals. Nowadays, the notion of hard skills is being undermined by soft skills, i.e., one’s ability to establish proper communication within a team along with other interpersonal characteristics. At the beginning of the millennium, researchers were also trying to predict the possible effects the Internet would have on the labor market (Autor, 2001). However, the changes that came with the online labor market are difficult to analyze properly even today, when the whole world already seems digitalized. Sociologists have now come up with a variety of theories and practices aimed at optimizing managerial workforce planning. In order to claim one’s position in the market, a manager should be quite aware of all the factors that influence workforce planning. According to the NIH Management office, workforce planning is ‘the process of analyzing, forecasting, and planning workforce supply and demand, assessing gaps, and determining target talent management interventions to ensure that an organization has the right people…to fulfill its mandate and strategic objectives’ (n.d.). The major factors representing an impact on the management process fall into organizational and environmental ones. Hence, the former include strategy, company characteristics, corporate culture, and employee concerns, whereas the latter refer to labor force trends, technology, globalization, and ethics. The primary goal of this paper is to critically analyze both organizational and environmental demands in order to determine their benefits for the managerial workforce planning, along with their areas for improvement. Organizational Demands Strategy Every company has a series of demands and major goals to be achieved within the shortest time. In order to fulfill such requirements, a manager has to provide a full-scale strategy that will organize the workforce in the most efficient way possible. HR management is one of the key constituents of a company’s organizational value and performance rates (Kuipers and Giurge, 2017). With an intention to remain on the track with the company’s ambitions, one may suggest that the employees’ competence is one of the most crucial for the workforce planning, referring to a resource-based theory. The resource-based theory is based on the principle that human capital is one of the main competitive advantages for employers (Brymer, Molloy, & Gilbert, 2014). Furthermore, the level of competitiveness has become reasonably higher once the model of contingent work has been elaborated by the market. As a major consequence, the talent pool is now replete with valuable candidates who are of significant importance for the management. The investment of talent as a re
There is no use denying the fact that modern age could be characterized by blistering development of corporations which managed to seize various markets and introduce its products or services to people who reside in different parts of the world. Additionally, blistering development of globalization and various means of transport made cooperation between departments of a company, which are situated in a great number of countries, easier. That is why, nowadays, we can observe several huge international companies that struggle with each other in order to grasp the market and obtain extra benefits. It is obvious that usually the most perspective directions of development and regions are chosen. Traditionally, Europe and the USA had been taken as such regions. Thus, nowadays, the shift of priorities could be observed as countries which were comparatively weak in the past start to develop and attract attention. It should be said that the UAE has become one of these states. Having great oil deposits and developed oil extraction industry, the state can boast one of the greatest incomes in the world. That is why, blistering development of the economy of the UAE coincided with the growth of the number of offices that represent various international companies. With this in mind, the main aim of the given paper is the analysis of the main peculiarities of the functioning of Microsoft Gulf department, that is the part of a great Microsoft corporation and now functions within the territory of the UAE. It is obvious that the given company tries to introduce its products and services to new and perspective market and that is why, its functioning is organized in the most beneficial and efficient way. First of all, it should be said that Microsoft corporation is one of the most famous and beneficial companies in the world which annual income is bigger than the budget of many states ( Microsoft Corporation (MSFT) , 2015). Though, it is obvious that any company has to evolve and promote its further development in order to remain topical and beneficial. Under these conditions, Microsoft Company realized the necessity of new markets that will be able to increase the demand for its products and result in the significant increase of the level of incomes. However, one should mind that the process of introducing products to the new market is rather complicated and consists of a great number of various peculiarities that should be taken into account while trying to take on the market. Peculiarities of language, culture and demands of customers should be given great attention while analyzing the state of the new market and creating the strategic plan. With this in mind, along with the decision to introduce its services to the Gulf region, Microsoft company also organized the departme
Introduction Globalization has encouraged firms to extend their operations to foreign locations. Some firms opt to invest in foreign countries directly, while others invest in partnership with other local companies (Jasentuliyana & United Nations, 1995). There are many potential benefits as well as challenges, which may accrue as a result of investing in the global market. These benefits depend on the global market entry strategies that a company uses to penetrate the international market. Foreign direct entry is difficult and can affect the establishment of a firm due to the logistics involved in controlling both home and foreign production (Alfaro & Chen 2010). This paper discusses the probability of a global car maker partnering with Chennai, India to invest in an automobile assembly facility. It explains the relationship that the two companies will have in terms of exercising control. It defines the areas in which the local company may control and those that are controlled by the foreign firm. Benefits of International Business Partnership Partnerships are relatively easy to establish and operate, but firms entering into such partnership should take time when developing partnership agreements. This is crucial because it will enable members in a partnership to prevent complexities and conflict, which may arise in the future. Additionally through partnership, the global car maker may benefit from business synergy. This synergy may in turn provide the global car maker with a competitive business advantage over the other business operating in the same automobile industry (Park & B2B International, 2008). The global car maker is a leading company as compared to the local company, which is likely to contribute less in terms of physical resources. In turn, it is likely to get diverse opportunities to invest in different portfolios in Chennai, India. This means that it will have control over the human resources and the business resources shared between the two organizations (Park & B2B International, 2008). The partnership will further promote technological sharing between the two firms and this will enhance the productivity as well as the quality of output additionally the partnership will create a wider market where the global car maker will sell its vehicles. This will in turn increase the profits of the company substantially (Alfaro & Chen, 2010). This partnership may provide the global car maker with an opportunity to obtain resources that the company may not be having at a cheaper price hence, reducing its operating cost substantially. The resources that may be obtained include; human resources, financial resources and Low materials at a subsidised cost than in the home market of the parent company. However, since the global car maker is the main firm, it will control the operations of these departments (Park & B2B International, 2008). The Level of Control for the Company Using this Strategy In partnership and strategic alliances, different business relationship exist; such as shared manufacturing, distribution alliances, marketing agreements as well as research and development arrangements.