ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Reasons for using the topic  1. In the modern world, technology, improved communication systems, internationalization of trade and development of global community are some of the most significant aspects that contribute to globalization (Block & Camer, 2012).  2. To foster international understanding and relationships, communication plays a significant role (Rubin, 2001). Noteworthy, language is the fundamental requirement for an effective communication. Purpose of the study The purpose of this paper is to examine the need for the US to introduce compulsory lessons in foreign language in the national high school curriculum. Thesis statement Only about 18% of the people in the US are able to speak another international language apart from English (Grosse, 2004). America is lagging behind other nations, which can be solved through introducing compulsory lessons in foreign language in the national curriculum for the high schools (Liu, 1999). Obviously, learning foreign languages is the best answer to this question. Among other advantages, being fluent in foreign languages is likely to proper the national economy, improve the country’s relations with other nations, improve the ability of the US citizens to compete for international business or employment opportunities and improve corporate understanding between America and foreign governments or industries (McKay & Wong, 2006). Characteristics of the audience This research paper aims at convincing readers to take a similar position on the need to develop and implement a new curriculum that will make learning foreign languages compulsory in the US high schools. The audience is made up of scholars at the university level, including students and the teaching staff. Therefore, it is expected that the audience will pose strong challenges to the topic and the research question as well. In particular, the audience is expected to investigate the need for the research, its justification and importance in the field of education (Hendon, 2004). Scope of the study This research is limited to the field of education. The investigation will be based on a survey and an interview with students at three selected universities in the US. In particular, the investigation will include participants drawn from the teaching staff, students, employees and organizational managers. The study will involve five sections- introduction with a strong historical background, review of relevant literature, methodology, discussion, conclusion and recommendations. Questions to be answered Specifically, the paper will attempt to answer the following questions:   * How does being a bilingual/multilingual graduate increase the chances of securing jobs?   * How does the acquisition of a second language increase a graduate’s ability to compete in the international job market?   * Does the introduction of foreign language in the US scho
Why Convict Took Own Life Coming to terms with traumatic experiences can be a challenge to many. Literature actually plays a major role in such a situation. Usually, many nuances are kept alive through literature. This is just the greatest problem that political prisoners go through. In their bid to emancipate society or fight for a cause many have found themselves incarcerated. Under such conditions, freedom of expression is usually curtailed and the convicts hardly have space to express the deep thoughts that disturb them. Thus, the real feelings are suppressed, creating feelings of inner resentments. Literature goes ahead to reveal the hypocrisy in people: the convict in Grass Soup exposes us to the world of reality where we see a reflection of what goes on in society. Many people usually shy away from pointing a finger at the injustices that prevail. Literature, through use of meaning which is usually hidden in several symbols and images, can communicate subtly while at the same time cannot be incriminating as the fictional nature cannot be admissible evidence to fix one. For instance, Zhang has employed a lot of humor in his memoirs that one may take it to be passing for entertainment. This is not the case since Zhang communicates serious issues. Literature actually parodies situations, and that is why in many instances it is very difficult for one to pin point a particular work to be either inciting the masses to a revolution. The convict had faced everything in the camp. First the conditions were deplorable. Convicts worked under heavy supervision, as many also died in the face of others. They also performed hard tasks. Working in groups, being the order of the day, symbolized great dissatisfaction with the communist ideology. This would be seen with the way the prisoners would try to sabotage such arrangements. This show of rebellion is what was on the mind of every prisoner. In real life this replicates itself in several forms. This confinement leads to anguish and despair. Many in society face situations which are forced upon them but they dare not raise their heads. Many have henceforth submitted to submission that has been impressed upon them through a kind of brainwashing by the leadership. Perhaps this deep frustration the convict goes through is what makes him kill himself at the end of the book. There were trauma’s that were suffered in the prison but no one dared address them head-on. Only silent rebellion could succeed. Thus, the convicts suffered silently, suppressing their emotional feelings. Frustration is even seen to abound in places that one would expect freedom. For
Aristotelian tragedy can be defined as a simulation of such deeds that are complete and severe. An action which has a level and language of its own, it also possesses some accessories in it, which are considered pleasurable and congenial. Incident that is full of grievances and pity is also termed as tragedy. Aristotle stated that “Tragedy, then, is a representation of an action that is worth serious attention, complete in it, and of some amplitude; in language enriched by a variety of artistic devices appropriate to the several parts of the play” . During tragedy usually a good person faces downfall because of his own mistakes and errors. Aristotle believed that being a tragic hero, an actor has to perform well in order to arouse feelings of pity and fear in the audience. He can do this either by portraying himself as an optimist or pessimist; whatever he does his actions should be completed and should be identified by the audience. If a hero performs really well then tragic pleasure will become more passionate. In poetic, author explained that the tragic hero aims to attain various targets certainly without limitations. Aristotle showed that hero`s awful end condition takes place because o
Times change, and so do media people consume, but the general idea remains static. The wasteland’s idea is mostly intact, although some of its elements, such as westerns, may have lost their relevance (Minow, 1961). However, violence is still omnipresent, and the Kardashians now represent unbelievable families. Commercials retain the cajoling element, and while modern special effects and the use of mainstream music can make them mildly exciting, the constant repetition dulls the initial impact. Thus, the necessity of diversifying and improving TV content is as dire as it was 60 years ago. The screening could serve as a means to deviate from usual programs and commercials, but they are not entirely free of issues. For instance, presidential debates are an inherent part of American political and media life as they can determine who will win the election. It is the current state of affairs, but the debate under consideration was the first to be televised. In a way, the program did provide an alternative to the wasteland, as the participants discussed important questions regarding the nation, which is a significant improvement over hours of entertainment offered by commercial channels (Williams, 1974). It could be television at its best when other media cannot relay the same information while preserving the presentation’s efficacy. Debates would eventually become part of the wasteland and adopt its disingenuous and rating-chasing elements, but for the time being, it was fresh and more akin to high-quality content offered by TV broadcasting. A tour of the White House also seems to be on the superior side of programs. Its purpose is to educate and let people unable to experience the historical building first-hand have an opportunity to do so. While it may seem boring due to the absence of consistent overarching commentary, the tour can be a legitimate program with improvements. However, it is essential to preserve the current, real-time feeling. It could have been novel for the 60s and even work nowadays because some people do not have access to online tours from the Internet. Regardless, the tour’s educational value would separate it from the wasteland and add novelty to TV broadcasting. The case of The Atomic Café is more complicated, and both the trailer and the actual documentary should be considered. The former fits the wasteland’s description, including mayhem and violence (Minow, 1961). It is provocative and has military propaganda elements, making the viewer feel as if the threat was real. While the trailer appropriately performs its advertising function, whether the documentary is faithfully presented is another question. The idea was to remind Americans of how dangerous nuclear warfare was and that the danger had been diminished throughout decades, so it also has an enlightening function (Schindel, 2018). Perhaps, the trailer managed to relay the idea, but it could not entirely avoid using the wasteland’s features, making one wonder whether it is possible. The last point connects to Minow’s expectations of the comme
Algeria is a Northern African country that was colonized by the French, and by 1945, more than a million French settlers had moved to Algeria. By the beginning of the 1950s, strong nationalistic sentiments were prevailing as the Algerian Africans wanted to achieve equal status with the settlers and gain their political independence. However, the French were not willing to let go of this North African colony, and they violently repressed demonstrations made by the nationalists. The Algerian Nationalists through the National Liberation Front (FLN) resulted in an armed struggle against French colonization. This armed confrontation between the French and the Algerian Nationalists occurred in 1954-1962, and it ended in victory for the Africans. Fig 1: Map of Algeria with Tunisia on its North East Border The intense and brutal campaign undertaken by French forces to counter the FLN network of terror contributed to the failure of France in Algeria. To gain international attention and support for its cause, the FLN moved its guerrilla warfare into the cities in 1957. The movement engaged in terror activities against the French settlers and their sympathizers in the Algerian capital of Algiers. To deal with this terrorist threat posed by the FLN, the French engaged in nine months of an intense and brutal campaign. Merom notes that by the end of the campaign, the capacity of the FLN to initiate violent actions in Algiers had been virtually eliminated (604). Shennan observes that while France’s 10th Paratroop Division was able to decimate the FLN organization in the city of Algiers, its methods had a devastating effect on the political standing of France in Algeria (76). The army came under moral criticism because of its military conduct. This criticism proved critical in shifting the public support for the war efforts. Another important failure by France was the 1958 attack of the FLN base in Tunisia. The recently independent Tunisia was a key ally to the FLN, and it allowed the movement to establish a military base within its borders. This base was used to carry out attacks against French forces in Algeria. To counter Tunisian support for the FLN, the French launched an airstrike against an FLN base in Tunisia on 8 February 1958 (Shennan 77). This attack had a large civilian cost as it destroyed the adjacent village of Sekhmet. The killing of civilians from neighboring Tunisia during the counter-insurgency operations hurt the French Army. It provoked an international outcry against the French government, and it led to the government losing a confidence vote in parliament. An important military infrastructure employed by the French was the fortified barrier built between Tunisia and Algeria. This state-of-the-art defensive barrier, popularly known as the Morice Line, included an eight-foot-high electrified wire barrier running through the middle of a wide minefield overlooked
The practical area of the researchers The article under consideration is called Association of Low Caregivers Literacy With Reported Use of Nonstandardized Dosing Instruments and Lack of Knowledge of Weight-Based Dosing. The researchers that worked on this paper are specialized in the sphere of pharmacology and healthcare. Doctor of Medicine, Shonna Yin devotes her life to medical expertise as well researches the field of healthcare service. Dr. Yin obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Biology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She was engaged in the Medicine and Public Research Fellowship program and after that Dr. Yin received a Masters of Science degree in Clinical Investigation (Langone Medical Center 2009). Like Dr. Yin, Bernard Dreyer earned the medical degree in NYU School of Medicine that was succeeded by the completion of Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Langone Medical Center 2009). Together with Alan Meldensohn, the Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Dr. Dreyer was interested in such fields of study as healthcare and childcare literacy improvement. In particular, Alan Mendelsohn received his degree from SUNY Stony Brook (Langone Medical Center 2009). Linda van Schaick is involved in the study of parent literacy thus devising the Health Education and Literacy for parents. She graduated from Bank Street College of Education where she obtained a Master’s Degree in Infant Development and Parenting (Langone Medical Center 2009). Dr. Foltin is an Associate Professor that received his medical education at SUNY. His achievement and research are predominantly dedicated to Pediatrics (Langone Medical Center 2008). Therefore, the authors of the given paper have much in store to work on and contribute to the study of healthcare and parenting literacy. The main purpose of the article The article touches upon the questions of caregivers’ literacy that causes many problems with doses of liquid medications. As the doses a
The Roots of the Feminist Movement The Abolitionist and the Feminist movements were closely connected in the nineteenth century. More so, the connection between the Civil Rights movement and the Feminist movement did not cease to exist up to now. Women have strived for equal rights with men who often have tended to oppress or ignore women. Of course, the root of the Feminist movement can be found in the nineteenth century. Feminist movement was inspired by numerous courageous women, many of whom were former slaves (Mayeri 1053). Sojourner Truth was one of the most inspiring feminists of the 19 th century. Her famous speech Ain’t I a Woman has become one of the cornerstones of the entire movement. The Historical Significance of the Speech Sojourner Truth was not afraid of people’s disapproval or fear (“Ain’t I a Woman?” n.p.). She had a great gift as she could choose the right and really simple words to reveal really important and rather complicated issues. She could address even the most sophisticated objections in simple words. Therefore, each of her speeches has had a great significance for the development of the movement. As for the famous Ain’t I a Woman , it has made lots of people reconsider their views. The short speech has become a potent tool to fight for women’s rights. Notably, the speech has been quoted for many decades (Mayeri 1073). The speech has been that influential because it addresses some of the central points of opponents of the Feminist movement. The former slave took courage to address social and religious issues. She proved that there was no difference between men and women. What is more, she even claimed that women alone could change the world for better: “dese women togedder … ought to be able to turn it [the world] back, and get it right side up again!” (“Ain’t I a Woman?” n.p.). In several sentences Sojourner Truth managed to prove that even the most sophisticated arguments were empty words. The Speech and Modernity The specific clarity and precision of the speech has made it so influential. Even now it keeps changing minds. Those who have some ideas concerning men’s superiority inevitably reconsider their position when they come across the speech. It is necessary to note that the major points some men articulate to prove their superiority do not differ from those mentioned in the 19 th centuries. Sojourner Truth provided comprehensive answers which addressed the opponent’s arguments. It is possible to claim that the famous speech can be regarded as a kind of proclamation. It can be seen as a lively motto that ha
Mountains Summary Formerly, many held the idea that earth is only made up of planet core and soil. Surprisingly, it is composed of many other strange details; in fact, it has more than what any one of us can imagine. In introduction, a world which is both frozen and alien is highlighted. That is not being amazing enough, the world’s hottest mark is let out to the audience of the video. This smudge is, according to the video, found in Ethiopia, a place the narrator terms as the other extreme part (documentareorg, 2011). A brief preamble on how volcanoes are formed follows. Such mountains are usually associated with sporadic distributions just in the mountain range (Smithson & Briggs, 1986). This prologue is then followed by illustrations on the formation of Ethiopian mountains. Then goes a presentation of the local inhabitants of the mountain side. Some of them seem to have fully adapted to that place and its conditions. The best illustration issued is on the Gelada Monkeys. The narrator then vehemently affirms that the species (Gelada Monkeys) is very changeable (documentareorg, 2011). This scenario is intriguing indeed. The narrator then switches the gear and takes the herbivores lane. He makes a vivid description of the local herbivores – the puma. They are best described as The Andes Lions. The real hot climatic conditions of the region were made clear to the audience. Beside the thrilling experience, the narrator outlines several risks that one passing by the area should be careful of. Most of these dangerous circumstances are generated as a result of gradual increments in the number of the dangerous species, a process the narrator describes as avalanche. The best example of the dangerous species outlined is the puma. After they have enormously grown, they pose a serious safety issue. As the narrator goes towards conclusion, the highest sky-touching mountain is vividly brought to the audience. This mountain is The Everest Mountain. The narrator shortly narrates how a crane, demoiselle, met its untimely and tragic death. The crane was wandering around the mountain in search of nestling. Unfortunately, it encountered what it would have regretted the rest of its life, that is, if it could have survived; the eagle. With a sigh of relief for a free gift, the eagle preyed on the crane. The entire narration process clearly brings out the vast nature of mountains. This at least brings to light the reason why mountains and the surrounding regions are usually guarded by most nations. Who can really ignore the thrilling feeling and notion brought about by the topic on mountains?
Purpose of the Request for Proposals The aim of this Request for Proposal is to seek proposals to set up a contract with a qualified organization (School District of Beloit, 2013). In fact, this is to support all areas of ‘Just-in-Time’ (JIT) technology solutions Good Hope Investments (herein referred to as the “Company”). Information about the Company The Information Technology Manager leads the information technology division of the Company. The division has an IT assistant, network administrator and a technician. Company’s Right to Reject The Company reserves the right to reject any proposal without notice. Proposers of the rejected proposals shall be notified. The Company reserves the right to explain the grounds for rejection. Schedule of Events Event                                           Date               Draft RFP                                       03/06/2013         Finish review of RFP                            13/06/2013         Post RFP on Company website                     14/06/2013         Deadline for Proposal submission                15/06/2013 5.00 pm Pre-response meeting with vendor                30/06/2013         Vendor queries submission closing date          05/07/2013 1.00 pm RFP response presentation closing date          08/07/2013         Request for samples                             15/07/2013         Verify capabilities                             17/07/2013         Complete negotiations with top ranking vendors  22/07/2013         Project committee review and approval           24/07/2013         Management review and approval                  08/08/2013         Launch the contract                             15/08/2013          Needsassessment Company Needs The Company has identified fundamental technology functions that require support including:   * Systems administration   * Operations support   * Support for technological innovation   * Communications The general scope of the required services includes all the above aspects. It also includes the evaluation, breakdown, advice and procedural support tasks (Oklahoma Office of State Finance, N.d.). The overriding objective is to assist the company to stay ahead of competitors in the apparel industry by effectively using technology to maintain competitive advantage. Statement Of Work The Proposer MUST meet ALL the Company needs. However, this RFP is not comprehensive of ALL the se
Deafness refers to a situation whereby a person cannot hear. The persons that are hard of hearing and those suffering from tinnitus are categorized ad deaf. Deafness can be profound, severe, partial, or mild. In spite of the different degrees of hearing loss, anybody having hearing problem has the right to education and other social services (Taub, 2010). The following discussion relates to a deaf student enrolled in a university. Due to her personal and family beliefs, the student has never learned sign language. She reads lips in order to communicate. Although the student has requested very expensive adaptive equipment for use in her class, the university does not have funds to acquire the new equipment. However, there are many sign language interpreters in the university. According to Polat (2003), hard of hearing students can be affected psychologically by change of environment. As such, learning institutions should be accommodative. Nowadays, hearing impairment does not have to be a problem for students in learning institutions considering the enactment of laws on equality opportunities and rights for all individuals. In addition, technology has enabled teaching especially for the students with disability to be easy. There are several teaching strategies that a faculty member can adopt to ensure that the student gets the best from the institution. First,