ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Hardboiled literary style in crime fiction writing is associated with detective stories. It is often distinguished by the cynical interpretation of sex and violence in the literature. Caroll John Daly is credited to be the pioneer of hardboiled crime fiction style writing in the mid 1920s with his “Knights of the Open Palm” published on June 1,1923 in Black Mask Magazine (Nolan, 273). Hardboiled fiction writing was popularized by Dashiell Hammett with his character Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon, over the course of time in the late 1930s Raymond Chandler refined hardboiled writing through his Philip Marlowe in The Big Sheep ( Collins, 153 – 154). This paper aims to illustrate the hardboiled qualities and features of detective stories in analysing the three most notable authors’ characters in their novels namely Sam Spade of Dashiell Hammett’s The Maltese Falcon, Philip Marlowe of Raymond Chandler’s The Big Sheep and Kinsey Millhone of Sue Grafton’s A for Alibi. Dashiell Hammett started the hardboiled writing trend in detective stories through his character Sam Spade in his The Maltese Falcon novel. Hammett through his novel portrayed Spade as someone who has a cold detachment to the situation he is in and with the people he is with. Spade, though he displays several similar features of other detectives such as his keen eye for details and unwavering determination to accomplish justice, the character’s hardboiled qualities is depicted in his selfish, bitter and sardonic personality. In The Maltese Falcon novel, Spade was having an affair with his partner Miles Archer’s wife, a portrayal of his antagonistic and self-centred nature. His aloof personality together with his cold emotionless isolation from matters are displayed upon the discovery of several murders namely that of Archer and Thursby in which Spade was found to be one of the suspects. He lets everyone, including the police, the criminals, and other characters in the novel believe that he is indeed one of the law offenders while he single-mindedly works on solving the case on his own. Though Sam Spade’s character was able to do the noble thing at the end of the novel, his actions depict him as someone who only does so because of self-interest. Hammett never showed his readers the characters inner thoughts in which what was said and done by the characters were already the factors that shape them thus Spade’s morality was questionable. In Spade’s case it was ambiguous if he really displayed the usual hardboiled characteristic of detectives who pose idealism underneath their hard cynical shells. The Big Sheep was Raymond Chandler’s first novel in his series about the adventures of Philip Marlowe. Chandler’s character, Philip Marlowe is indeed a
Children of the youngest age, school pupils, university students, and adults worldwide are encouraged to learn a new language for multiple reasons. While bilingualism is mostly motivated by traveling, relocating, or an increase in employability, it is also connected with the development of soft skills. This essay will focus on the effects of learning a foreign language on communication competency, specifically interpersonal, cultural, and leadership skills. Firstly, one of the essential effects of learning a new language is an increase in interpersonal skills. Fox et al. (2019) found that bilingualism increases vocabulary in both the language that is being learned and the mother tongue, which makes a person a better speaker. It also benefits students’ conversating skills since the language learning process requires a person to constantly talk to others. This direct interrelation shows that acquiring a new language affects one’s communication and interpersonal skills. The second effect is the stimulation of cultural competence, which significantly influences one’s ability to socialize in a modern globalized environment. Fox et al. (2019) reported that many American employers seek workers who explicitly state their ability to communicate in additional languages due to the benefits that this skill provides. Some of them are described as “communicating genuinely across borders with linguistic, cultural, and intercultural competence” (Fox et al., 2019, p. 2). This evidence shows that bilinguals adopt a cross-cultural competency that allows them to integrate into an increasingly international setting both professionally and personally. Lastly, learning a foreign language causes a student to develop leadership skills. One of the aspects of language acquisition that lead to better leadership is collaboration. Kosharna et al. (2019) suggest that language students have to develop an approach to new kinds of people and worldviews due to peculiarities in semantics. As a result, bilinguals cooperate more effectively with people from different backgrounds. Additionally, the language barrier causes a person to improve elaboration and critical thinking to communicate a particular message. Thus, language learners can manage communication with different kinds of people, making them successful team workers and leaders. In conclusion, language learning stimulates the development of communication skills. Many students pick up a foreign language to travel or increase their employability but unknowingly enhance their interpersonal, cross-cultural, and teamwork skil
Introduction The First World War is one of the bloodiest events in the history of humankind. Formally, it began in 1914 and ended only four years later, in 1918. The “official” reason for the war is “Murder at Sarajevo,” the killing of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife. The most significant revolutions were committed; more than 10 million soldiers were killed during the years of the Great War. The main result of the battle was the victory of the Entente and the collapse of the four largest empires: the Russian, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and German. The essay reveals the topic of the first military conflict taking place on “the world stage.” The Origins of World War I and Its Inevitability The question of the causes of the Great War remains open today; there are many guesses and theories about this topic. President Woodrow Wilson claimed that the war began not for one specific and solid reason but several at once. Nevertheless, the official reason for the outbreak of hostilities is the Sarajevo murder in July 1914, which had a huge resonance. Gavrilo Princip, a member of the “Black Hand” organization of the “Young Bosnia” movement, killed Archduke Frans Ferdinand. At the same time, there were hidden principles and motives – the desire of the leading powers to dominate the world and its reconstruction. The participating countries were divided into opposing camps: “the Entente” and “the Central Powers.” Contradictions were growing between the countries, and they could only win resources from each other. Certainly, the war was inevitable for several reasons, listed below. Firstly, the differences between the great powers had been growing significantly earlier, until the event in 1914. “The Triple Alliance” and “the Entente bloc” were formed for a “specific” reason. The murder of the Archduke is only an impetus to the outcome of a fierce worldwide struggle. Thus, there was a reason for Austria-Hungary to attack Serbia. Secondly, each country wanted domination and appropriated all the reserves and resources by exploiting the colonies (Keene, 2021). It was impossible to get them from the Indians, Africans, and South Americans. Maintaining Neutrality The United States remained neutral until April 6, 1917, when the American people entered the First World War. Most likely, the delaying of military operations would lead to possible adverse consequences for the country. Therefore, it would not have been possible to maintain neutrality in World War I for a long time. First of all, the States did not forgive Germany for sinking the liner “Lusitania” in 1915, when more than 100 American citizens died. In addition, President Wilson threatened the German people to
Introduction Understanding student needs is the first step of establishing strong foundations for their academic livelihoods. Teachers should therefore embark on understanding student needs and backgrounds at the beginning of school academic programs. Failure to undertake this process could lead to a poor relationship between professors and students. In reinstating this importance, subsequent sections of this paper shall concentrate on ways that high school and college academic staff can improve their relationship with their Asian American students. The paper is arranged in four sections: the first shall include a brief description of Asian American students; the second with cultural aspects that make Asian American students portray their most prevalent characteristics, the third with ways of improving their relationships with teachers, whereas the fourth section deals with impacts of this study on the practice of teaching. A concluding part will highlight the important points made herein. Asian American Student Group The Asian American student group described in this paper refers to students of Asian origin, no matter their generation in the United States. The group is hereby classified under one category because that is how they are classified in American classrooms, despite fact that some of them are born American and their families have been in the country for many generations. These groups of students for many years fought an aggressive battle of being recognized as individuals and not as a representation of a race with various stereotypical characteristics (Lee, 2006, p. 126). Asian children born of American citizens get in so much confusion when teachers, fellow students as well as the American populace fail to recognize the fact that they are as Americanized just like
The differential association theory was developed in 1939 by the veteran sociologist Edwin Sutherland. The study explains how prohibited manners master’s in social establishments can lead to criminology. Multiple people grasp the mindsets, methods, and justifications for illegal techniques by interacting with different persons. According to Lokanan (2018), people can minimize fraud-related cases by understanding the theory to maneuver positive results in the organizations such as schools. Students in high school interact with distinct people who possess offensive habits, and misconducts occur during this period. During my high school period, my classmates and other senior students abused drugs that caused a severe threat to their health. The use of alcohol and cocaine was considered a crucial practice by most cliques since they could access the drugs from the drug vendors in the nearest town. The drug dealers used to visit the school frequently to sell drugs to the addicted students within the school environment. Throughout my school experience, addictive students would rush to bathrooms to smoke, inject cocaine, and consume alcohol repeatedly. The actions arose since the learners’ parents could offer finances to the students hence, they could access the drugs. Drug abuse can lead to negative consequences such as low educational attainment, well-being problems such as brain disorders, and crime in society. The substance-induced in the body changes the brain functions through repeated use which determines the person’s genetic constituents (Fernàndez-Castillo et al., 2021). Drugs such as cocaine have enormous influences on individuals’ life and, and if overdosed, death can occur. Some individuals are better genetically sensitive to developing cocaine addiction compared to others. Cliques in high school who used drugs committed crimes and served imprisonment in various correctional facilities. Misconduct is one of the outcomes of drug violation whereby both educators and parents should maneuver new methodologies to remedy the problem. The provision of school-based education to the youth is one of the proposed techniques to minimize the use and abuse of drugs in schools (Montgomery et al., 2022). Educational interventions in schools can boost cognitive-behavioral skills and decrease exposure to social forces that raise drug misuse. The study shows that multiple youths do not possess felony patterns in their adult life. The theory illustrates that forty percent of people below 21 years old execute offenses in society. In addition, another feature such as growing up in a poor environment can lead to criminal behavior because of poverty or lack of necessities. Sutherlands argues that factors such as moral reasoning and freedom can control the intention of the people indulging in crimes (
Customer Relations Management (CRM) is the value of the prospective and existing clients. In fact, new entrants in any industry present the existing companies with competition. The entrants weaken both the solid and the existing corporations in the market. This arises from the new ways of doing and advancing businesses. Among the factors that drive these changes are the emergence of advanced technologies and continuous changes (Maroofi, 2013). CRM has emerged as a product of these changes and has evolved in a drastic way that it is currently viewed as a strategy towards maintaining long-term relationships with the client. CRM is a business philosophy, tactic, a process and a technical tool. This study explores the successful factors in the implementation of CRM programs. In reviewing the success factors, it is imperative to understand the key components of CRM programs. Main Body CRM acquired prominence in the 1990s as a marketing sub-discipline. It was driven by the publications of ‘the loyalty effect’ and ‘the one to one future’ (Roberts et al., 2005). The pursuit of competitive advantage and profitability prompted a rush to employ CRM programs in the emerging, existing and prominent businesses in all corners of the world. More than two decades afterward, the issue of whether or not such businesses could generate profits from the ventures made on Customer Relations Management systems appeared as a subject of discussion. In some studies, out of three businesses that made investments in Customer Relations Management schemes, two regard the tool as discontenting in the future’ (Roberts et al., 2005). IBM carried out a survey on the managerial reporting and concluded that eighty five out of hundred enterprises in the Asian, European and American countries athwart all industries hardly achieve the projected outcomes with CRM. However, an industry-specific survey conducted by McKinsey presented a different perspective. The company investigated deeper into the CRM status in the insurance industry and emerged with positive results on CRM programs. A benchmarking study concluded that CRM is strategically important and is controlled by technological potentials. The place of technology in the success or failure of CRM remains contested. Customer Relations Management ought to be information managed within the least dominant businesses where the dealing has real connection to the client. For CRM to be complete it must contain a variety of components. These components include peo
Executive Summary The purpose of the report is to look at how Kudler Fine Foods Company can incorporate strategic thinking into its strategic plan so that it can be current and up to date. This will involve looking at the current organization’s mission, vision and goals that are used to design the company’s strategy and whether these statements have helped Kudler Foods to achieve its strategic objectives. This will involve looking at the various strategies that have been designed for the organization to meet its mission and vision and deciding the best strategy to be used to make Kudler more competitive in the Food provider industry. After the best strategy has been identified, an implementation plan will be drawn up to operationalize the strategy to make Kudler Foods more competitive. Company Background Kudler Fine Foods Company was founded in 1998 with the opening of the first Kudler Fine Foods store known as the La Jolla. The name Kudler was derived from the proprietor’s name, Kathy Kudler. Kathy opened up another store in 2008 known as the Encinitas that would provide baked goods to the target customers. Another store that was opened recently was the Del Mar. The Organization’s goal is to provide good customer service in its shops by creating a one stop convenience store that meets all the customers’ needs (Kudler Fine Foods Portal, 2009). Kathy hopes to create products and services that will be able to differentiate her company from that of her competitors. The mission of Kudler Company is to continue expanding its stores in various locations and also expand the services it offers to its customers. The vision Kathy has for her company is to be one stop convenience shop for all customer needs related to food (Kudler Fine Foods Portal, 2009). Environmental Scan The strategic competitiveness of a business can only be achieved when the organizational structure of a business such as Kudler Foods is integrated and consistent with its formulated strategy (Pearson & Robinson, 2009). Kathy Kudler’s company is expanding and growing to meet the proprietors need for an all round gourmet shop in various locations. This need has arose from an environmental scan that indicated there was a growing demand from consumers to have convenience stores that stock all food supplies. Many customers also wanted cooked food to also be part of the merchandise sold in the stores as well as the uncooked or raw food (KFFP, 2009). There was also a need for stocking various wine supplies from around the world giving the consumers a shopping variety that is affordable and pocket friendly. The introduction of wine and cheese tasting in the three stores has enabled the company to strengthen itself among its competitors. There are also wine stewards who offer guidance to the customers by helping them to choose the best wines or spirits to meet various occasions. The store also offers wine appreciation classes that enable customers to learn more about th
Introduction Road safety and the intensity of the traffic are among the most burning problems of society nowadays. Thus, for instance, Freeway traffic data is often obtainable in the form of tenancy and amount dimensions collected from single or double loop detectors entrenched in the pavement. In conjunction with effective vehicle length data, these measurements can be changed to macroscopic quantities such as traffic density and speed. Loop detector data sets are often incomplete or contain bad samples. For instance, from it can be seen that approximately 30% of the possible loop samples. The present paper is based on the so- called “actual observations” with thorough notifications of all the changes and details. To give an approximate imagination on the problem within the world scale, here is the statistics for the geographic areas. Area           Vehicle Miles/ Square Mile  Vehicle KM/ KM 2  Population/ Square Mile  Population/ KM 2 United States  58,221                      36,149            2,828                    1,091            Canada         92,053                      57,155            6,826                    2,634            Europe         116,665                     72,436            12,741                   4,915            Asia           147,364                     91,497            41,956                   16,187           Australia      43,086                      26,752            3,175                    1,225             The solving of this matter mainly depends on the observations and surveys like this one, which usually aim to regard the gathered information, and make certain suggestions on the possible changes in the regulation principles of every separate junction. The present paper is claimed to arrange the statistical data and give the structured information on particular junctions in the Bolton town, and to view the traffic density using the on-move observations. The collected data will be systematized to graphs and tables with further considerations and conclusions. Like any statistical report, it may include some repeating of the outlines, but the main distinction of these is the difference of the data, the outlines are based on. Report Average speed The survey had been held on the three different junctions in Bolton town: out of the town, to/ in the town, within the town – to the university. The ways have been selected with the considerations of the average statistics of traffic, as the suburb ways may be less crowded, and the analysis of the central destination in comparison with the less crowded junctions could give the all-round imagination on the traffic volumes within the town. As for the speed, the division for the groups is the following:   * The main part of the vehicles moved with the speed 25-35   * 12 vehicles with the speed less than 20 km/h   * 79 vehicles with the speed within the frames 20-25 km/h   * 40 vehicles with the speed within the frames 25-30 km/h   * 64 vehicles with the speed within t
The relationship between the learner and the teacher is one of the most essential factors affecting the outcome of education and in the modern learning environment, the development of a cordial and effective relation between the two is often highlighted. Mentoring is an essential type of the relation between the two and it may be well comprehended as one to one relationship between two individuals based simply on the needs and aspirations of one, i.e. the mentee and the abilities and resources of the other, i.e. the mentor. In other words, mentoring is the planned intervention of selected adults from local business and community organizations in the practice of working with young people who may fail to realize their full potential. It is significant to consider that “effective mentoring is central to professional preparation.” (John Furlong, School Mentors and University Tutors: Lessons from the English Experiment, Volume 39, Number 1, Winter 2000, Theory into Practice, College of Education, The Ohio State University) That is to say, a mentor supports and helps motivate a less experienced person to reach his/her true potential and therefore mentors are usually more experienced than the learner and provide support, encouragement and guidance. Thus, mentoring will best be comprehended as the process by which a mentee can gain help and advice from a mentor who may be a specialist in the field of work the mentee wants to enter and it is a process of working together to achieve agreed goals through smart targets. “Mentoring is a term generally used to describe a relationship between a less experienced individual, called a mentee or protégé, and a more experienced individual known as a mentor.” (Definition of Mentoring, Becky Wai-Packard). One fundamental concern of this paper has been to explicate the philosophy of mentoring model, focusing on the benefits of using mentoring model, and finding why it is a matter of great importance as well as to attempt a literature review based on scholar research on how mentoring model can be applied in learning. In attempting a definition of the term mentor, one comes to realize that it “typically contain phrases like: “a seasoned executive”, “a trusted and experienced guide”, and “a more powerful executive.” These phrases suggest that a powerful being in the organization somehow ma