ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The vast majority of philosophers have already made many considerable contributions in the field that discusses the psychological continuity theory of personal identity. The idea of personal identity is closely connected to the idea of personal survival under certain conditions. Personal identity comes from two different conditions and their connection to each other: pre-mortal condition when a person’s survival is under a question and post-mortal condition when a person’s survival is already the desirable answer. Some psychological continuity theorists are eager to argue about the type of continuation, physical or psychological, is more appropriate to this case. The researches and ideas of Bernard Williams are focused on the necessity of personal awareness about the experiment; “they [Person A and Person B ] may even have been impressed by philosophical arguments to the effect that bodily continuity is at least a necessary condition of personal identity” (Williams 80). Williams makes a wonderful attempt to demonstrate how the idea of body-switching works and what the role of personal identity is if “one’s fears can extend to future pain whatever psychological changes precede it” (Williams 91); he also follows Locke’s example and tries to clear up how psychological continuity theory defines personal identity and what factors are considered to be influential in the chosen case. Psychological continuity theory is one of those theories which may be aimed to explain the idea of personal identity taking into consideration both event memory as it is demonstrated in Williams’ work and some additional psychological traits as it was proved by means of behavior of the person A during the experiments. The value of this theory turns out to be evident when Williams tries to compare the conditions of person A and person B . The case of amnesia makes a person A forget about his personal interests, traits, and awareness about what is happening to him right now. However, the peculiar feature of this case is this person’s awareness about this amnesia and its predictable outcomes. Of course, it is impossible to feel comfortable about the expected processes. A person is told about the ongoing case of amnesia. He is also informed that all these tortures and memories will be forgotten after the experiment is over. Though Williams admits that such information could hardly alleviate person’s fear but still this awareness provides a person with a chance to wake up and not remember who you are, what you are, and what kind of torture happens to you if any. Does this fact increase person’s fear? Sure, it does. However, it is also necessary to define whether person’s level of fear i
Defining the current strategy of Sony Sony Corporation has been undergoing rough corporate experiences forcing it to restructure its business operations and strategies. Evidently, the organization has been through numerous challenges since 1990s despite its efforts to recover. Nonetheless, the recent reformation strategies introduced by Howard Stringer (worked as the CEO and president of the corporation) have allowed Sony to revitalize its business operations despite the constant challenges experienced by the corporation. Firstly, the company announced a prominent reorganization strategy that was to reface its managerial systems, departmental operations, marketing structures, and production strategies (Indul 2010, p. 1). It is important to agree that the organization needed such changes hence could not hesitate to enact them in order to remain relevant in the electronics industry. It also strived to enhance its market visibility and revitalize its global presence. The organization needed new products, new production structures, managerial reforms, a break from obsolete silo cultures, and other dominant business provisions that could augment its competitive advantages against its rivals. The first strategy was to reduce its business categories and cut down on its product models. This was to revitalize its electronic business by putting more efforts on the most selling products while withdrawing non-performing commodities from the market as well as in its production structures. The company equally intended to proceed with profitable business categories witnessed by its move to drop some of its corporate departments. Another evident strategy is to eliminate redundancies and overlaps noticeable in its business processes. Additionally, proper management of resources and their diversion to high performing dealings namely HD products, mobile commodities, semiconductors, appliances, and others are among the prospected strategies to help in propelling Sony to the brighter future in the realms of business (Indul 2010, p. 3). Another prospected strategy is to unite the organization by integrated all in departments together for a unified business operations. Initially, the company operated in different departments namely electronics, entertainment services, financial services, and others. Each department operated autonomously, a phenomenon named as a silo culture. The current strategy is to break the silo culture and integrate all the business departments as indicated earlier. In fact, Stringer promoted a new slogan named Sony United in order to enhance the cross-company integration. Operating together as a team is the main strategy of the company. This will help in the reorganization processes prospected for its various departments. Reducing the number of its employees to a reasonable percentage while closing down some of the non-performing business structures could help. Additionally, the company
The film “Independence Day” is the cinema event that shook the nineties and quickly became a legendary blockbuster loved by millions of science fiction fans. Even though the movie first appeared in the summer of 1996, it still remains a cult movie for the alien invasion movie fans all over the world. The general wave of fascination by space adventures has started in the fifties and sixties when humans started to make the first steps on the way of studying the universe and deploying spaceships, satellites and people into the outer space. The cinema immediately reacted to the fashionable interests of the public and started to produce dozens of films and TV series about space adventures, aliens, unknown planets and places “where no man has gone before”. Each decade is known for its biggest and most legendary films about space. To my mind, “Independence Day” is, certainly, one of such movies made in the nineties. Science-fiction has many definitions. This genre covers many sub-genres and topics, a broad range of themes could be referred to science-fiction. One of the most important features of science-fiction as a genre is plausibility (Definition of Science Fiction Movies). Movies of this genre must present an explanation of why the things in them happen according to a certain scenario, if such explanation is not given – the movie falls into the category of fantasy. “Independence Day” is a classic science-fiction film as it has the most standard markers of science-fiction: destroying humankind by technology, wars between worlds, arrival of the aliens and, of course, popular since eighties theme of computer hacking and cyber viruses (Dirks). More carefully the characteristics of the science-fiction genre are presented by Dachary Carey. The author names such themes as space and time travel, futuristic or alternate history, dystopia, advanced technologies and aliens (Carey). What makes the story science-fictional is the fact that it follows the rules and laws of science, to a certain degree. “Independence Day” presents a global event, the whole planet Earth is facing a deadly threat, and the humankind finds itself several hours away from complete elimination by the alien invaders. The fact that the tragic event is happening on the fourth of July makes the meaning of the movie title deeper. The fourth of July is no longer the Independence Day of America; it becomes the day of the battle for the independence of the whole planet, the day when the mankind unites to fight against the unexpected invasion. The film starts with the series of ruinations to make the things look very bad for the people of Earth, but the standard set of characters comes to rescue the world. The world saviors’ team is traditio
A record is any information created or received as part of doing business at the University of British Columbia (UBC). It can take all sorts of forms such as email, voicemail, hand-written notes, a record in a database, an electronic file, or a formal document. There are also records outside of work with personal and private information on them like a driver’s license, credit card, and pay cheque, which are handled carefully to maintain confidential information confidentiality. Same way, care must be taken when handling work records, especially those with personal information. There are legal requirements for retaining and destroying records containing personal information with consequences if the requirements are not followed. Records created as part of one’s job at UBC belong to the university and cannot be taken with them if they change jobs or leave UBC. UBC has a policy governing how all university records must be created. Policy 117 describes the records management lifecycle, and it has three key elements: record creation, management and retention, and record destruction. The former includes documenting actions, transactions, and university business decisions. In record management and retention, records must be managed and retained to meet legal, administrative, operational, or other university requirements. The latter element entails that the destruction of records must be done securely according to the records management office’s retention schedules and approved by the University Archivist and Legal Counsel. In summary, record keeping is an important aspect of any institution. Records can be in different forms, and either of them should be handled with care. The life cycle of records consists of their creation, management, retention, and disposition. Any information created or received by UBC is a record, and the university owns all this information in the form of records. Policy 117 governs how records are managed, including creating, storing, and disposing of records.
The first Larsen’s novel is considered to be in a certain manner biographical. The lead character of the novel has a definite resemblance to the author. Both of them were the children from the interracial marriage of the black man and the white woman. In spite of the fact that there are only two novels in Larsen’s literary heritage, these works are highly appreciated by the contemporaries. The lead character of the novel is a pretty woman of a mixed marriage. She was brought up by her mother’s brother. From the very beginning of the novel, the author reveals the problem of the individual and its place in society. Helga Crane is a stranger in this world. She feels lonely, alienated, and unsatisfied with the surrounding reality. Being the daughter of two races, she is not recognized by any of them. The whole novel is the description of the endless row of Helga’s trips. It is an endless journey, in which the lead character tries to find herself. She leaves Naxos and her fiancé because she is not satisfied with her career of the teacher and the attitude towards her. The problem of cultural interaction is emphasized in the novel by the description of the gap between Helga and her fiancé’s family. She is a stranger to them because of her mixed ancestry. Helga comes to the conclusion that both the societies of the black and white people are overfilled with prejudices, and are too complicated for her to be accepted. “Negro society, she had learned, was as complicated and as rigid in its ramifications as the highest strata of white society” (Larsen 19). At the same time, she feels that in the communication with the whites, she misses the surrounding of the black people. And vice versa, in the society of the black, she experiences the white side of her mind. In fact, she does not fit any of them. Helga leaves Naxos and moves to Chicago, then to New York, then to Denmark to the family of her mother. Everywhere she tries to find her place in society. However, in fact, there were few opportunities for her. The first meeting between Helga and Dr. Anderson took place in the office of the school in Naxos. Dr. Anderson was the principal of this school. He was a tall and handsome man, rather reticent and detached. Helga falls in love with him. In Naxos, Helga tried to explain to him the reasons for her leaving. She had a strong doubt whether Dr. Anderson would understand these reasons. “For her, the situation seemed charged, unaccountably, with strangeness and something very like hysteria” (Larsen 41). She tries to explain to him her anguishes of body and mind, her frustration of the injustice of the society, her attempts to find her place in this world. Though Helga’s arguments were in a cert
Best Buy was criticized in the year 2007, alongside other large companies, for contributing to the destruction of the environment. Greenpeace blamed the giant American consumer electronics retailer for purchasing materials from logging companies and thereby contributing to unethical, reckless and shameless destruction of forests in Canada. Since it was dressed down in public, however, Best Buy instituted a sustainability strategy to demonstrate the company’s long-term commitment in environmental, social and economic responsibility. Dubbed Greener Together, the strategy seeks to minimize consumer waste and involves a recycling program for outdated electronic products, as well as an initiative that seeks to increase energy efficiency of the company’s products. Under the same business sustainability strategy, Best Buy also committed itself to repackage its products in recyclable and biodegradable material and to provide proper disposal of certain toxic electronic components such as rechargeable batteries. Wal-Mart, on the other hand, was the first American giant retailer to earn a reputation for speaking in favor of the environment. In the year 1989, the company was held in high esteem and honor, especially by environmentalists for promoting green products. In October 2005, Wal-Mart’s President and CEO re-launched an ambitious sustainability strategy. The sweeping business sustainability strategy, which was announced in Bentonville, Arkansas, was aimed to transform Wal-Mart to be the world’s most competitive and innovative company. According to the strategy which was launched inside a full packed auditorium and broadcast to over a million business employees and associates, the company was determined to create zero waste and to sell products that are sustainable to resources and friendly to the environment. Wal-Mart also planned to have all its energy requirements supplied by renewable energy. True, most businesses are not established for charity but are instead more concerned about making huge, quick, short-term profits at the expense of the environment. Yet, there are many reasons Wal-Mart should reintegrate sustainable business practices. As CEO Lee Scott himself stated, being a good steward of issues related to the environment and doing profitable business are one and the same thing. Thus, Wal-Mart should view sustainability not only as a responsibility but also as a business opportunity. The company should be proactive in environmental issues by encouraging the suppliers to provide environmentally safe products and by repackaging goods that they deliver to their customers in recyclable and biodegradable material. Waste-reduction strategy, f
The rapid economic growth in Malaysia in recent years can be partially linked to positive role of foreign workforce that accounts for about 20% of the entire human resource base (Bedi, 2008, par. 4). Moreover, continuous influx of both skilled and unskilled workers in this country has reversed myriad of negative economic effects by narrowing labor scarcity gap. Essentially, foreign workers in Malaysia are widely spread across most sectors of the economy but most importantly, they dominate industries that accommodate unskilled labor force such as manufacturing, construction and agriculture (Kadir et al., 2005, p. 42). Foreign workers who mostly originate from Indonesia, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, India and Vietnam flood into Malaysia lured by the promise of decent employment which is often absent in their own countries (Bedi, 2008, par. 6). However, the positive perception on significant role played by foreign workers is slowly changing with time (Bedi, 2008, par. 2). The fact that foreign workers in Malaysia play significant role in nation building is not disputable. However, the big question is whether the perceived benefits surpass cost. This essay explores both the positive and negative attributes of foreign workers in Malaysia. At some point during 1980s, construction industry in Malaysia was hard hit by acute shortage of labor due to the rapid pace of development (Karim, Abdullah & Bakar, 1999, p. 122). Subsequently, wage rates increased tremendously but demand for labor still exceeded supply. This was further heightened by the fact that locals despised being employed in construction industry (Karim, Abdullah & Bakar, 1999, p. 114). It was against this reason that influx of foreign workers in Malaysia came at the right time when there was high demand for both skilled and unskilled workforce. Nonetheless, although the influx of foreign labor (both legal and illegal) was desired during that time, it has been associated with several negative economic, social and political implications. To begin with, negative perceptions on construction jobs among the locals in Malaysia can be blamed for the enormous number of foreign workers in this industry. Evidently, Malaysian people prefer blue collar jobs over construction jobs which they refer to as ‘3D’ , that is dirty, dangerous and demeaning (Karim, Abdullah & Bakar, 1999, p. 112). These negative perceptions led to acute shortage of workers in this sector and hence foreign workers played significant role to fill this vacuum. Correspondingly, wages in the construction industry were relatively low as compared to other sectors despite the fact construction jobs are highly risky (Kadir et al., 2005, P. 44). For this reason, local population shunned away from these jobs and as a result, foreign workers stepped in to occupy their place. Apparently, foreign workers opt for low wages instead of being unemployed in their own countries (Kadir et al., 200
Introduction Assessment is an important procedure in the learning process since it is used in structuring the learning process. The techniques are generally regarded as simple and often with no grades conducted inside the class that enables both the teacher and the students to get vital feedback on learning. Issues that arise from the assessment of learners have a close relation to the philosophical differences that exist among different educators. There are many assessment tools at the disposal of educators which can be used to get feedback on the progress of the learning process (NTLF, 2003) Appropriate use of Assessment The basic and most important reason for conducting assessments among learners is to ensure that teachers have the information they require. This information is useful in making instructional decisions concerning individual learners or certain groups. The scores from an assessment should be used on their own in making crucial decisions on individual learners. Assessment scores can be used appropriately in giving information about the level of development of learners in matters linked with school learning. It can also be used in providing additional information concerning the academic achievements of a student. The other appropriate use of assessment is in the description of behaviors of learners with special needs that are related to learning. Finally, assessment can also be used appropriately in collecting information that will assist in designing instructional programs for learners as well as in identifying learners who might have problems as a result of late developments. Inappropriate use of Assessment Individuals taking part in assessment should be aware of the likely misuses or wrong interpretations that might arise from the results of the assessment. Misuse of assessment arises when a teacher or an educator relies on a single instrument of assessment when making sensitive decisions either on individual students or groups. Firstly, assessment can be used inappropriately when enrolling learners in particular learning programs or other special activities. Secondly, assessment is used inappropriately in determining how effective educational programs are. Thirdly, it is also inappropriate to evaluate how effective a teacher is in his instruction using the results of assessment (Beyond the Book, 2011). Guidelines for Evaluating Use/Misuse of Assessment Educators need to have some guidelines that will assis
Introduction Education is indispensable in a community that wants to prosper; therefore, it is a right. If certain obstacles exist to prevent equal access to this basic human right, then one should understand what causes them so as to eliminate them. The case of Malala illustrates how extreme views can perpetuate a cycle of oppression and inequality. The essay will look at female education through the Pakistani lens, and then apply it to other developing nations. Relevance of the issue It is imperative to address female education because without it women will not have the knowledge to make informed decisions. Children’s health status is at risk when women have no access to education. Furthermore, even the level of economic development will be compromised. Statistics indicate that whenever a society increases women’s education by 1%, the rate of economic development grows by 3%. This means that a society cannot get out of poverty unless it invests in the literacy of its female population. Conflict has an adverse impact on education. It causes governments to focus on other political issues and disregard education for women. Additionally, schools are easy targets for militant groups because they have a large population of defenceless targets. It is necessary to understand how conflict affects education using Malala’s country as an example, and thus establish some possible solutions to the problem. Additionally, understanding the social and cultural dimensions of gender inequality in education allows one to determine the policy issues that cause the problem and thus establish a mechanism for preventing its reoccurrence in the future. Questions the essay will answer The essay will focus on female education as a human right. Therefore, the stance in this paper is that education is a right that must be accessible to all genders. It will answer the questions “Who is Malala and what does she stand for?”, “Why is education important?”, “Why do some communities deny females access to education?”, “What are some statistics to indicate this inequality?”, “How does an educated female class threaten male patriarchy?” and “What are some of the cultural, economical and political barriers to equal education access in the case study?” Answers Malala Yousafzai is a fifteen year old Pakistani human rights activist. She has received numerous international and national awards for her activism in female education. The teenager started her work as a blogger for the BBC where she told the world about her plight in education. Sometimes she chronicled Taliban attacks in her province or her experiences as a girl who had been banned from attending school. Malala gained international recognition when the New York Times made a film about her. Thereafter, the adolescent started appearing on telev