ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Considering the idea of punishment in the modern patterns of social hierarchy, it would be safe to outline that Randy E. Barnett’ was right in his perception of justice and shift from punishment. One of the major characteristics that demonstrate the positive outcome of the idea is the fact that the accepted model of punishment is aimed at the offender’s discipline rather than displaying reparations for the victim. Moreover, Barnett (281) claims the victims to be the ones paying taxes to support confinement institutions. As a result, the idea of taking responsibility for one’s actions in the offender-victim paradigm may be the right decision in terms of tangible justice outcomes. One of the strongest arguments in terms of Barnett’s model may be the fact of shifting the justice focus towards the victim’s interests. What is meant by that is that the modern system of punishment is aimed at ensuring that the offender is undergoing a form of punishment in order to be no threat to society in the future. Thus, the victim’s experience in the following case is overlooked for the sake of a widespread social purpose. While such an argument may be beneficial for social patterns, the process itself may be rather ambivalent due to the fact that the guilty have no guarantee of reoffending avoidance. Hence, the idea of “making good the loss” may be of better efficacy for the justice system in the long-term perspective (Barnett 287). Moreover, taking responsibility for an action causing harm to an individual may result in the offender’s better understanding of the scope of crime committed. Over the decades, the notion of restitution was modified, but the primary description of the concept belonged to Randy E. Barnett. According to Barnett, the notion of restitution stands for the process of an offense committed “by one individual against the rights of another” (Barnett 287). Hence, it is the offender’s primary duty to repay his debt to an individual victim rather than society in general. However, as Barnett sees it, the notion itself may be regarded from two rather opposing perspectives. On the one hand, restitution may be perceived as punitive, claiming the process to be a supplement to punishment, where the offender, additionally to the imprisonment, makes sure to compensate for the damage caused. The other aspect of restitution, known as “pure,” does not presuppose the idea of punishment whatsoever, placing emphasis on the idea of redemption and mitigating the victim’s struggle (Barnett 288). While the author claims the efficiency of the latter, he also refers to the overall flaws of the system. According to Burgh (194), the major flaw is the fact that punishment inflicts suffering intentionally without making sure that this process always brings the desired outcome. As a result, Barnett believes that the idea of restitution is better because it is aimed at providing compensation for at least the victim of the crime. Having considered the definition of restitution rather than a full-scale punishment, it may be concluded that the former should
Delivering a speech successfully might seem a comparatively easy task. Indeed, with a single message to convey and an interesting topic to speak on, the process might seem somewhat easy. However, when it comes to grasping the audience’s attention and keeping it on a decent level, the task appears to be much more complicated. Taking a closer look at one of the examples of speeches and analyzing it, one can see the way a typical speech works. In the given example, the speech entitled “Funny College Informative Speech on Cloning” (kchongify) is being discussed; delivered by one of the college students, Kevin Hurts, it offers a peculiar specimen of college speeches and a nice sample to work on. Among the elements that have been developed very well in the given speech, the basic formula, i.e., the FDU (Food, Dinosaurs, and U) should be mentioned firsthand. It is important that Kevin knows the exact components of his theory and can offer not only a working formula, but also good, strong examples of it. It is also extremely important that the speaker has a lot of visual aids that help him get his message across in a much more efficient way, for example, dinosaur toys that illustrate the cloning principles. As for the delivery style of the speaker, one must admit that it is quite adequate as well. Rather lively, it helps the audience become engaged into the phenomenon in question. It is important that Kevin addresses the public directly, making the audience feel that they are the focus of Kevin’s attention and that the speech is pronounced for them. The above-mentioned becomes clear at the very start of the performance, when Kevin starts asking the public questions and waiting for them to answer; hence, th
Executive summary Operations management is a tool that the UAE could use to create a framework for installing a nuclear facility in the country, which acts is a clean, cheap, and safe source of electricity for industrial and domestic purposes. However, several issues, which include the safety of the facility, its closeness to Iran, natural disasters, unanticipated threats, the cost of installation, reliability and efficiency of the technology, and international concerns about nuclear technology underpins the need for the government to develop a program implementation strategy to achieve its goal. Operation management deals with the best practices for developing policies to manage the installation and operations of the nuclear facility and provides the right steps necessary to evaluate the future of nuclear energy in the UAE. The paper recommends the country to develop policies to peacefully use the technology and comply with the non-proliferation standards to achieve long term stability and sustainability. Introduction The purpose of this report is to describe and analyse the operations management issues related to the installation of the nuclear facility in the UAE (Park & Chevalier 2010). The elements of concern include construction issues, quality assurance issues for ensuring that the facility is protected from various threats and vulnerabilities associated with nuclear facilities, the best method to alleviate international concerns, and operational policies that could underpin the development and operation of the facility in the UAE (Wheelen & Hunger 2004). Operations management is based on transforming inputs into outputs in an efficient and effective manner, which in the context of the nuclear facility implies converting uranium into fissile material to generate electricity. Proponents of the project propose a number of issues and practical examples such as the Chernobyl nuclear disaster to oppose the installation of the facility. However, Australia has shown that the project is feasible based on the policies in place to ensure that the country does not engage in large scale construction of nuclear reactors, but generates enough uranium to be the major supplier of the yellow cake. Scope The scope of the proposed study will be to examine the relevant approaches of developing a strategy for the installation of the nuclear facility in the UAE and covers issues related to the strategy. The main areas to focus on include understanding the three levels of operations strategy, which include cooperate, business, and operations program strategies, which are necessary for developin
Nowadays, a world driven by technology and devices requires a huge amount of energy consumption, the reduction of which in university campuses may significantly enhance the current situation. High consumption of energy resources increases both supply and demand as well as causes environmental issues such as climate change or global warming. The encouragement of pro-environmental behaviors on campuses is essential to create a more sustainable future based on awareness and appropriate environmental attitudes. There are several ways that can be used to reduce adverse environmental impacts. For example, focusing on the change in the method of transportation, it is possible to mention the transition to cycling when the cycle is to be charged with the help of special batteries and the kinetic energy, and the same applies to single-occupant vehicles (“Transportation,” 2017). The successful example of the above solution is Stanford University, where not only cycling but also drive-sharing along with diesel-electric bus services are implemented to decrease emissions (Pittman, 2017). Recycling awareness is another option. For example, George Washington University aims at reducing its “carbon footprint by 40 percent by 2025” through single-stream recycling and Meatless Mondays to educate students (Pittman, 2017, para. 8). Such an approach to advancing the environmental attitudes of students is likely to help them to understand their role in decreasing energy consumption. It is of great importance to encourage responsibility and the aspiration to sustainability in students during their everyday activities and learning. Smith (2013) states that the students of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, the laboratory at one of the Canadian universities, developed a Shut Your Sash program that allowed to reduce energy consumption by 80 percent (para. 8). According to the mentioned program, the laboratory users should close their fume hoods while not working on experiments. This easy strategy proved to be rather effective, and the students plan to expand it to other universities as well. Among other energy-sa
The idea of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become extremely popular among scholars, business administrators, and executives (Ludescher & Mansud, 2010, p. 123). Many companies attach more importance to their social performance or environmental practices. The general premise is that compliance with ethical principles is essential for the profitability of an organization. This essay is aimed at examining the effects and alleged benefits of CSR. In particular, it is vital to determine whether it really contributes to financial performance of a business. Overall, one can argue that CSR does not necessarily raise the profitability of company. However, it is essential for retaining the competitive strength of an organization as well as its position in the market. This is the main thesis that should be illustrated in this paper. First, one should mention that there are several theoretical justifications of CSR and business ethics. In particular, the most popular approach is called the stakeholder theory; its supporters believe that a company influences and is influenced by several agent or stakeholders, for instance, customers, workers, governmental or non-governmental organizations, mass media, and many others (Lopez-De-Pedro & Rimbau-Gilabert, 2012, p. 149; Kaufman & Englander, 2011, p. 421). This is the major premise of the stakeholder theory. Therefore, a company that disregards the ethical principles and the needs of community can become very vulnerable because mass media, employees, governmental agencies, or clients may become opposed to it. Any organization has to accept the idea that it is dependent on some external forces, such as the opinions of buyers (Luo & Bhattacharya, 2006, p. 15). Similarly, the performance or an organization may be determined by the motivation and commitment of employees (Daft, & Marcic, 2005, p. 448). Thus, business administrators should note that ethical way of doing business is important for maintaining good relations with various stakeholders since their bargaining power is very strong. So, managers should think how the activities of company can impact other people. This is one of the ways of looking at this issue. Nevertheless, some scholars are more skeptical about the alleged importance and benefits of CSR and ethical business (Ludescher & Mansud, 2010). For instance, Jessica Ludescher and Rubina Mansud (2010) point out some organizations may not be able to adhere to the principles of ethics; for example, one can mention those organizations that manufacture weaponry (p. 125). Their products may eventually threaten the lives of people. Secondly, in the opinion of these authors, it may be difficult for an organization to trace the effect of their activities on a variety of stakeholders (Ludescher & Mansud, 2010, p. 130). Besides, many business administrators tend to speak about the importance of CSR without actually telling what kind of steps their companies take. Many business administrators are mostly concerned with good public o
Introduction Ever since the late Roman state, the Roman world had serious political and social problems that led to the fall of the Roman Empire. The Germanic invasions, especially those that took place in the 5th century contributed significantly to bringing in internal cracks in the Roman Empire. These internal crises led to the collapse of the political unity in the Roman Empire which was replaced by the disintegration of 5th century Europe into various Germanic territories. Discussion Regardless of their differences, Romans knew and live well with Germans even before the 2nd century. For these reasons, Romans allowed Germans to cross the border to live and work in the Roman Empire as slaves and farmers as well as soldiers (Geary, 34). This was a kind of mutual relationship whereby the Germans liked the Romanic civilization and on their part, the Romans liked the Germans for their strength and values. The situation took a different turn at the start of the 3rd century when the Germans invaded the northern Rhine and Danube. The climax was in the 4th century when a German tribe, Huns moved deep into the Roman Empire territory and settled in the Danube. As a result, they forced Visigoths to migrate to the east of the empire. Visigoths were very important to the strength of the Roman Empire’s military. As a result of unbearable conditions from the Roman administration, the Visigoths revolted and conquered the Romans and killed their emperor Valens in Adrianople in the late 4th century. After their success in their battle, the Visigoths advanced and took control over Greece. Operating from Greece, the Visigoths went on conquered Italy and took over Rome in the early 5th century. Afterward, they advanced and settled in Aquitaine where they formed a Germanic territory in the Roman empires’ soil. They further advanced their rule to Spain where they established another kingdom at Toledo. Huns on the other hand did not stop at the Danube; they also expanded their rule and took control over central and Eastern Europe. In the period between 451 and 452, the Huns went on and conquered Gaul and Italy with the help of a combined force of Roman and German armies. However, the Huns’ empire collapsed at the hands of Châlons in 453 after their
Introduction Romein (2020) states that advertisement focuses on achieving four significant objectives: continuity, trial, switchback, and brand switch. Furthermore, Super Bowl provides an effective platform for the organizations such as National Foot League (NFL) to extend their reach above a one-minute T.V. slot and capitalize on millions of viewers who usually tune into the channel (2020 Super Bowl Commercials, 2020). Inspire Change aims to spread the message of social justice in the wake of increasing cases of police brutality that have led to the deaths of many Americans. The Chosen T.V. Advert (Inspire Change) Inspire Change is an advert featured in Super Bowl Commercial 2020 with the leading speaker known as Anquan Boldin. Additionally, the advert is a minute-long clip in which Boldin, a former Arizona Cardinal, confesses to the disturbing event, which led to the murder of his cousin Corey Jones (2020 Super Bowl Commercials, 2020). Corey Jones is believed to have died in the hand of a police officer in 2015 when Boldin was playing for the San Francisco 49ers. In the advert, Boldin, through a voiceover and intercut re-creation of images of Jones and emotional footage of their family members, is explaining to the viewers what unfolded on the night of his cousin’s death (2020 Super Bowl Commercials, 2020). The ad reveals that Corey Jones was shot three times by a plainclothes police officer in the road. Boldin says that “there are some things just bigger than football” (2020 Super Bowl Commercials, 2020). According to the ad, the United States needs to affect changes as far as social justice is concerned. In addition to this, the speaker in the advert emphasizes the importance of unity through players’ coalition. Marketing Objectives Advertisements in commercial stations have three primary objectives: to remind, persuade, and inform audiences. It creates and promotes awareness concerning brands, services, ideas, and products (Sallam and Algammash, 2016). Throughout the advert, Boldin invokes his cousin’s memories to encourage Americans’ behavior to change towards the theme of social justice (2020 Super Bowl Commercials, 2020). Moreover, the ad established that the NFL has a duty apart from sporting activities to champion the wellbeing of all Americans. Furthermore, the NFL understands that millions of Americans are watching sports activities; therefore, presenting the ad using sports content will reach many people (Tao et al ., 2020). Content is critical in modern society to increase the effectiveness of adverts (Tao et al ., 2020). Notably, to reach out to the targeted audiences, Inspire Change focused on producing content that grabs the attention instantly. It is nec
Reasons and Background of the War The Spanish American War started in 1898, and the reason of this conflict was the liberation of Cuba. The war started after Spain’s rejection of the American request for the resolution of the Cuban struggle for independence. The expansionist sentiment within the US government, and the imperialistic moods of American political tradition motivated the government to work out the plan for separating Cuba from Spain (The annexation plan also included Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam). The starting point of the conflict was the revolution in Cuba. After that events the US government sent in the warship USS Maine, which revealed the immense political interest of the United States in that region. The American tabloids accused Spain of the oppression in the Spanish colonies. Originally, the Spanish-American War was started for a great deal of reasons. It is emphasized that the most important reasons are treatment of the Cuban people by the Spanish government, yellow journalism, business interests and the fact that the United States government wished to flex its muscles as a world power (Post, 1999). The starting point of the conflict was the sinking of US battleship Maine in H
Introduction It is evident that medical professionals should always implement health promotion strategies in their practice. It is particularly important for nurses who work with pregnant women. This paper discusses the impact of drinking during pregnancy and outlines the significance of health promotion. It suggests the measures that can be taken to eliminate the risks and addresses the aspects of educating underserved communities on the problem. Pregnancy and Alcohol Use Alcohol use during pregnancy can pose a serious threat to the mother and her child. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) outline several possible outcomes of alcohol consumption, including miscarriage, stillbirth, as well as intellectual and behavioral disabilities of a child. It is necessary to note that even little amount of alcohol is dangerous, so it is vital to eliminate drinking completely. Moreover, Schuiling and Likis (2017) report that substance use can cause severe damage to women in general compared to men. Similarly, Tharpe, Farley, and Jordan (2017) list alcohol as one of the serious pregnancy-related risks along with smoking and drug use. Working with Underserved Communities The majority of the patient population that I treat within my practicum setting are individuals from underserved communities, which means that it is vital to provide them with knowledge on the issue. The possible challenges that this group of the population may encounter include the inability to recognize a pregnancy, lack of financial support and medical coverage, as well as undesired pregnancies (Shah, Revere, & Toy, 2018). Women from underserved communities may present in the office with the signs of alcohol abuse, so it is also vital to consider referring them to medical professionals to eliminate adverse outcomes of this habit. As a healthcare provider, I understand that I must provide high-quality services aimed to identify health risks for each of my patients, as well as promote healthy behaviors that will improve individuals’ conditions. Means of Health Promotion The study by Haver, Brieger, Zoungrana, Ansari, and Kagoma (2015) shows that it is vital to develop the strategy that will address all of the issues of prenatal and postpartum care, including family planning, contraception, as well as potential risks related to pregnancy. In my opinion, the primary educational pieces that I can use are posters and flyers, which should be easy-to-read and draw patients’ attention. They will include necessary information about the risks associated with alcohol use during pregnancy and explain why women should reduce substance intake in general. It is vital to provide examples of adverse outcomes related to drinking to help patients understand the threat that alcohol may pose. Women can take flyers home to be able to consult them for additional information any time. In addition, I would also suggest publishing newsletters available free at the clinic. Such educational pieces