ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction John Locke was born in 1632; he was an English philosopher and a physician. He was a child to John Locke and Agnes Keen who both were puritans, lived in Somerset close to Bristol, before moving to Pensford south of Bristol. As a child, John Locke schooled in Westminster in 1947 where he was funded by Alexander Popham, Member of Parliament then. On completion of his studies, he was admitted to Christ Church as an undergraduate student where his displeasure in classical philosophy being taught at the school was evidenced at an early stage. He preferred Rene Descartes’ modern philosophical works before being introduced to medicine and experimental philosophy that was a subject taught at the school at that time. He earned his undergraduate degree in 1656 and his postgraduate degree in 1958. He also studied medicine and earned a degree in 1674. He worked as Lord Ashley’s personal physician and later tested in his career while treating Lord Ashley’s liver problem. He later resumed studies in 1667 where his interests in natural philosophy were re-ignited by Sydenham who was his tutor in medicine at that time, and were demonstrated in his essay: “ An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ”. Shaftesbury influenced his political ideas and prompted him in 1679 after he returned from France, and he wrote The Two Treatises of Government seen as defense to the glorious revolution in Britain in 1688, but now it’s taken as views against absolute monarchy of the day. In 1683 he fled to Netherlands for political reasons, where he resumed writing and published his works on his return to England in 1688 and later died in 1704. His philosophical works John Locke wrote a lot of philosophical writings that included; “Essay Concerning Human Understanding, the Two Treatises of Civil Government and A letter concerning toleration”. He had different opinions as a philosopher on human nature. He viewed everything in light of the law of nature, which to him constituted freedom to all human beings and the right to life and own property. His views and writings are criticized, and have been subjected to criticism. On property He argues that it is the governments’ duty to protect individual property and do all things for public good (Gowan, n.d.). He says that from the onset, all human beings are equal and have an absolute will to act without intrusion from anyone. Because laws of nature bind us together, it is our responsibility to punish any one going contrary to it due to reasoning irrationally. It can be argued that if the act of punishing wrong doing as advocated by Locke is left to every individual in modern day it can generate lots of wars, because we keep on breaking the laws. This explains why there were many wars in Europe at that time. According to him, everything in the world is equally owned by all except one’s body and what the body does. He says that whatever we make out of the movements of our body is personal property. Whoever tills t
In the article “English is not normal” written by McWhorter (n.d.), the emphasis is placed on the fact that people who either speak English for their whole life or learn it from scratch rarely ponder the oddity of it. It concerns both grammatical and lexical peculiarities behind the lingua franca . Hence, the first oddity associated with English is the fact that there is no language remotely similar to English a person might partially understand because of their English fluency. Second, English is one of the few languages that does not possess any gender-specific articles or inflections. Furthermore, English is the only language that specifically requires a third-person singular ending with no inflections in other persons. The authors explain such an oddity by tracing the history of our language back to the existence and development of Old English that was quite similar to German. However, the modifications introduced by various settlements within England have made the language sound nothing like its older Germanic counterpart. The languages that contributed to the modification of English included Celtic, Old Norse, French, and Latin. While such contributions as Old Norse interpretation seemed to make the language “easier,” multiple borrowings from French and Latin resulted in complex etymology and the emergence of more “sophisticated” versions of the inherently English words. Indeed, the present structural and lexical plurality peculiar to English is inspired by the multiplicity of options borrowed from different languages’ linguistic traditions. The scholar concludes by saying that the deep peculiarity of the English language primarily derives from its “outrageous history” (McWhorter, n.d., para. 35). Such a conclusion drawn from the research perfectly defines the oddity behind the English language. The most peculiar part of the article, in my opinion, is the fact how English tends to differentiate between less and more academic and sophisticated language. The latter, for its part, is mostly produced with the help of French and Latin counterparts of English words. Indeed, while writing this summary, I subconsciously opted for more complex French and Latin borrowings in order to meet the expectations for a more formal outline. The fact of using Latin “concludes” instead of “ends” or “winds up” supports the claims of English oddity, with the word “odd” originating from Old Norse. Hence, it may be concluded that John McWhorter presented a series of valuable insights into the comprehension of the origins and patterns of the English language. Reference McWhorter, J. (n.d.). English is not normal . Get Pocket. Web.
Introduction In the modern globalization of the business environment, work psychology faces numerous challenges. As there is increasingly more accountability and expectations from firms, work psychology can be applied to such issues as cross-cultural interaction, staff support, competent management, and the workplace environment among others. (Sutton, 2015). The following report will focus on the aspect of talent management on a case study example of the tech giant Google. Theoretical background will be provided, indicating numerous methods that talent can be measured, identified, recruited, and retained. The information will then be applied to Google’s experiences with employee recruitment and retention, with further recommendations provided and analyzed within the context of talent management. Organizational psychology plays a critical role in the effectiveness of a firm to find candidates which are able to demonstrate high performance on the job while fitting into the workplace culture, thus a complex talent management framework and multi-layered hiring practices should be introduced for the best outcomes. Theoretical Background Measuring Talent From a business perspective, success depends on having competent and innovative employees at the right time. An Organization must attract, develop and retain talent, using the human capital within the business to maximize competitive advantage (Collings & Mellahi, 2009). Talent is considered to be an indication of how good an individual is at their job which must be measured through some means. Bartram (2005) suggests that instead of measuring talent, a criterion-based approach should be used that most effectively predicts meaningful behavior. Competencies, or specific qualities that an Organization desires in potential employees can be evaluated during recruitment through questionnaires and psychometric tests. These competencies can include aspects such as leadership, cooperation, presentation, analysis, creativity, Organization, adaptation, and enterprising among others that can be beneficial to employees in various positions within an Organization (Bartram, 2005). A variety of methods and tests have been developed by vocational psychologists over the years to measure talent. These include standardized self-assessment tools, reflection exercises, performance-potential matrices, the Wechsler individual achievement test, and the Self-Regulation and Concentration Test among many others. Even specific HRM-developed
Introduction: Marijuana in the Workplace Marijuana in the Workplace Overview. The legalization and decriminalization of marijuana use in 23 states of the US lead to complicated issues when it comes to the consideration of workplace policies. On the one hand, employers are obliged to recognize that some of their employees have the right to use marijuana for medical purposes; on the other hand, it is still not clear how companies should approach those people who appear at work under the impact of this drug (Remington, Heiser, Smythe, & Sovereign, 2012). Therefore, it is important to formulate workplace drug policies and ensure that both the needs of employees and employers are met. In Michigan, marijuana use was decriminalized in 2018, which raised many questions that are related to the
Introduction In the course of man’s progression passage from Neanderthals to Homo sapiens, he has come a long way. As a result of his pursuit for more and more adeptness and deftness, the nineties decade saw a most important turnabout with the development of computers. Not a long time ago, the word internet was just about unknown to a majority of the people. And today cyberspace has turned out to be the most ever dominant implement for humanity. The worldwide web is a compilation of an assortment of services and resources (Moreno, Fost and Christakis, 2008, p. 157). Even though a lot of people still have it in their minds that electronic mail and World Wide Web as the important components of internet, there is much more in the offing than electronic mail, social networks, pop idol web sites and exploration engines. The internet also turned out to be the most excellent big business means of contemporary state of affairs. In the present day internet has conveyed a globe into a single room. It all ranges from news from corner to corner of the world, unsurpassed information, shopping, paying for the tickets of your travel or much loved movie – everything is actually at the user’s finger tips. Benefits of internet on personal users The primary intention of internet has forever and a day been the communication. And it has done extremely well further than the prospects. All the same, improvements are taking place to make it quicker and more dependable. As a result of the coming on of computer’s cyberspace, our world has trimmed down and has arrived at the form of an international village. At the moment we can be in touch in a little bit of a second with an individual who is sitting in a different region of the globe. In the present day for superior communication, we can use to our advantage the adroitness of electronic mail and have a chat for hours with other people (Arabie and Yoram, 1994, p. 254). There is a plethora of messenger services in the offing. With such like services, it has turned out to be very easy to set up a form of universal acquaintance where one can give their reflections or ideas, and can look at other ways of life of dissimilar background. Information or data is in all probability the principal benefit internet is putting forward. It is a fundamental treasure trove of data. Any form of data touching on any subject matter under the sun is to be found on cyberspace. Search engines have developed greatly and nowadays information is found at the click of a button. Some of the most used ones include Google and Yahoo. The information ranges from academic work, general knowledge, to information touching on various entities and institutions. Learners are having it easy in getting information as it is more convenient than books. Now more than before, one is able to obtain information on any organization or entity that they are interested in (Heylighen, 2007, p. 17). For instance, information regarding the requirements for joining a given university or college are on the internet. As a result, one can apply for his or her admission from the comfort of their home or cyber café without tra
The principles of natural selection presuppose not only survival of the most powerful representatives of the species, but also a selection of a partner for mating. However, some rules of partner selection often do not correspond with the rules of natural selection. In accordance with these rules, the males should be homosexuals, as females are generally smaller and less attractive in comparison with males. The aim of the paper is to discuss the principles of asymmetric limits, and the way they influence reproductive success as well as the sexual selection of the species. Asymmetric limits as well, as well as the reproductive success within a population, are in by the standards of sexual selection. If it is intrasexual selection, when male-male competition is the common thing for finding a female, sexual dimorphism is less common feature. However, it is widely spread if a female chooses a partner for mating. If competition is present, males are struggling for the best female that is the most capable and powerful and that will be able to bear healthy progeny. Additionally, the selection is more serious if a female bears the only offspring, which requires additional survivability parameters. Hence, in accordance with Figure 11.4 (Chapter 11) Orangutan mothers invest considerably more time and energy in each offspring than orangutan fathers do. In accordance with Freeman and Herron (619) statement: Sexual selection can explain sexual dimorphism. Male elephant seals are huge (weight 1500-3700 kg) but with a billowy belly so the female (weight 350-600 kg) is not pressed to death at times of amore ashore. The biggest and most belligerent bulls are hundreds of times more successful in siring offspring because they can keep a harem of cows. The cows are the exclusive nurtures of the seal pups, and some adopt if they lose their own. In general, this is the key tendency for selecting the most suitable male for making progeny, as male should possess the best genes for survival. If a pair is growing their offspring together, the male should be able to protect it, as predators regard them as a simple prey. (Infanticide Figure 11.16, chapter 11) Hence, the males are larger, more powerful and more healthy. If a competition is not observed, the dimorphism is featured by brighter coloring, larger tail / mane / comb etc, as the larger and the more attractive males are regarded to be more healthy. Hence, the reproductive success depends on the variation of getting mates. As it is stated by Freeman and Herron (345), a heritage variation generally signifies the existence of trait that influences the entire ability to obtain mates. Hence, the larger mating success means that the offsprings will get the more traits for successful mating. Asymmetric limits of on reproductive success generally cause the traditional patterns of natural selecti
Cost for Implementing Solution Windows Live Family Safety is one of the best solutions which may be used for home protection. Having considered the system cost, it is important to mention that Windows Live Family Safety is a free tool which may be downloaded from the site as the addition to the Windows Live Essentials Suite. This system can monitor the kids’ computer activity and other facilities mentioned above. CyberPatrol or Net Nanny may be used as supportive filtering software which can cost up to $99, depending on the version and the place of purchase. The alarm system is going to cost more, from $130 up to $500, depending on the functions and the range of possible services. Schedule for Implementing Solution The implementation of this software does not take too much time. The possession of personal computers with the appropriate software is the only system requirement. The whole system may be mounted and installed within one day. Nevertheless, the system mounting and installation should be provided by the professionals as in case of the problems, they will come and check the system one more time for free within the time documented in the agreement of installation works. The additional costs may be spent on paying for installation services. Best Solution: Sell to Management Sell to management is considered to be the best solution for the chosen technique as the monitoring of the system at home is a complicated task and one should learn how to do it in a proper way. Interest to Students Windows Live Family Safety is software which made me interested in a number of reasons. First of all, it is always fascinating to consider the innovations in the computer technology world. Second, the existence of the online fraud from hackers is high, so it is important to see the activity on the computer with the purpose to change the passwords in case of unauthorized intrusion. Third, I am going to be a parent sometime and the awareness of such kind of software may be of great use for me in the future. Fourth, I can always monitor what is happening in my house by means of the cameras and other installed equipment which is connected to the Internet. This is the most important reason for being interested in this kind of software. Work Much work has been done to complete this research as there are a lot of different security programs and alarm systems which may be used. Before selecting Microsoft as a focus for consideration, much research had been conducted. Windows Live Family Safety exists, people use it, but not much is said about it. A lot of time has been s
The paper at hand is devoted to the investigation of the life, personality, and criminal behavior of one of the most notorious American serial killers of 1980s-1990s, Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer (who was also nicknamed Milwaukee monster for excessively violent nature of the crimes he committed as his victims were not only raped and murdered but also tortured and dismembered). Researchers agree that Jeffrey was a difficult child suffering from psychological
Introduction By definition, the word religion refers to collection or a set of cultural and belief systems that explain the cause for nature, universe, and humanity with respect to a superhuman power (William 23). In addition, religion may refer to faith in a certain belief but generally, religion aims at relating humanity to spirituality and moral values (William 21). Religion has several aspects that explain the universe and origin of life, which include sacred histories, oral and written traditions, and symbols. Religion further explains the meaning of life, give moral values attributed to it and lifestyle preferred for the members of the religion. It also encompasses religion laws as well as superhuman power that control its followers. Further religion involves organized behaviors among its followers such as prayers, services and meetings, holy places, and enrolment for membership. Religions have different practices such as sacrifices, sermons, and activities in reference to their god or gods (William 22). Development of religion takes different form of beliefs and cultures depending on their faith. Some religions emphasize more on belief rather than practice while others do the contrary focusing on a religious individual’s experience. Others consider the activities of the community to be most important in religion (William 30). With this knowledge of religion in mind, the focus of this paper is to create a religion, defend it and give arguments for its legibility as a religion. Religion in Creation . It was during my scholarly work that I came across a religion in creation in one of the clans in my home state. The clan has started a religion by the name “Emukona” meaning them belief in their god who is ever living. During my quest to know more about this religion they gave a narrative of their belief to the meaning of life, the human nature, the origin of the universe, their religion laws and some of their practices and beliefs. The narrative started with the origin of the ukuna clan, which god boahz created. The god lives in a holy mountain in the Chile from where he patrols the world to see the good and wrong doers. Their god is such powerful that he created everything that is in existence in seven days just like most of the religions belief. However, their god rested on the Sabbath that to them is on Friday. They treat
Introduction In the modern post-capitalist society, economic resources are not only limited to land, labor, and financial capital (Kuo & Lee, 2011). On the contrary, intellectual capability and knowledge are some of the elements that are increasingly becoming some of the most important capital assets. These assets are unique for they hinge on the knowledge possessed by organizations’ workforces. The job-specific tasks undertaken by the workforces play an important role in firms’ quest to develop a strong competitive advantage. Considering the growth in significance of knowledge as one of the core organizations assets, firms’ management teams assume the responsibility of ensuring that they exploit their workforces’ knowledge optimally. This aspect has led to increased incorporation of Knowledge Management (KM) in firms operation. According to Alavi and Leidner (2001), KM presumably enhances innovativeness and responsiveness in organizations. To be effective in exploiting and utilizing their workforces’ knowledge, firms have increasingly incorporating Knowledge Management Systems (KMS), which include technologies that assist organizations in their knowledge management efforts (Nevo, 2003). Knowledge Management Systems promote firms a competitive advantage by enhancing, creation, storage and retrieval, transfer and utilization of knowledge (Alavi & Leidner, 2001). Despite firms’ effort to investment in KMS, some organizations do not attain the desired outcome due to the existence of mismatch between the implemented KMS design and the workforces’ knowledge. This scenario calls for organizations to configure the KMS in such a way that it aligns with tasks various tasks undertaken. Consequently, firms’ management teams have to ensure that there is a sufficient task-technology fit. The task-technology fit theory pioneered under the initiative of Dale Goodhue and Ronald Thompson and postulates that the extent of fit between a particular information systems technology and task influences task performance and utilization of the implemented technology (Larsen, Sorebo, & Sorebo, 2009). One of the ways through which firms can achieve this goal is by integrating task-technology fit model. This paper seeks to illustrate the impact of task-technology fit model on firms’ effectiveness and efficiency in utilizing knowledge management systems. Task-technology fit (TFF) model overview The TTF model was postulated with the objective of explaining Information Systems utilization by organizations (Teo & Men, 2008). The TTF model is based on the assumption that the value derived from a particular Information System (IS) depends on the effective with which the system assists the users in executing the specific tasks for which it was designed (Turner, Biros, & Moseley, 2008). According to McCarthy (2002), the TTF theory postu