ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Character is a concept that is often discussed along with questioning its origins, reasons and consequences. No one is absolutely sure where a person’s individuality comes from, but there has been much evidence that shows how a person is affected within a family unit, in particular if there are several siblings. A person’s character, the behavior and attitude are based on an interaction of many factors that manifest themselves through family, private and social interaction. People have little control over the genetic information they receive from parents and other relatives, nonetheless, they play an important part in a formation of individuality. Hypothesis Social, as well as communication within the family all have a significant influence on the person’s character and are deeply tied in with the order of child’s birth in a family. Literature Review Primarily, there are personal and biological factors. Genetic information is the first characteristic that comes in contact with the external world through inner impulses and memory. The outside environment is what causes a response and change in the person’s brain. It has been established that the surrounding conditions greatly shape the way a person behaves and thinks. Developmental psychology has explained that when children are being raised, every detail matters. If they receive a specific amount of love, the type of people they spend time with and the sort of situations they find themselves in, are all factors that shape individuality. Even before there is any social influence, all children who are born in the family receive unique and personal genetic information. The genes play a role in the way a person is, but the environment adds a much greater amount of information and external stimuli that shape and form individuality. It is still unclear why people like certain things and prefer specific colors or odors. The only possible explanation is that the amount of times they were presented with a unique situation or quality determines how much they become used to this sort of stimuli. The greater the amount of times someone smelled roses, the more they will like it. But, at the same time, the opposite might be true, as constant repetition might lead to a development of an immune response that will avoid the smell or a situation. Also, it has been proven that a person’s individuality might change if there are physical changes in the brain (Hughes, 2011). Main Point One Even a seemingly minor difference in gender will be affected by the birth order. For example, if a female is born first, the parents will have greater experience in behaving a particular way with a girl. Even though social norms demand equality of genders, women are socialized somewhat diff
Introduction The well-known truth “time is money”, seems to begin to change its meaning. That is, if equipment can be bought, raw materials are also not a rare commodity that needs to be searched for a long time, then the lost time cannot be returned, it is impossible to replace the opportunities missed at that time, it is useless to resolve cases if the conditions in which they are decided have changed. Moreover, the specificity of time also lies in the fact that the given skill is teachable to adults by applying andragogic approaches. Current Relevance The working hours of most modern managers of modern managers are tightened to the limit, the working day is not standardized. It is often not possible to complete all the scheduled tasks by the specified deadline (McCauley, Hammer, & Hinojosa, 2017). At the same time, there is a growing feeling of helplessness in front of an avalanche of problems urgently requiring the intervention and the belief that lack of time like lack of air leads to the fact that issues slow a person down. All this leads to a stressful state, further exacerbating the situation. Andragogic Application This situation in modern society is widespread and not only among leaders. Therefore, it is critical to teach the given skill to the adult population by applying modern andragogic methodological frameworks (Knowles, 1995). Undoubtedly each person can recall many cases when in one day he or she had to solve a lot of problems, visit many places, while he or she couldn’t decide in what order it was better, workability and reduces the likelihood that everything conceived for the day will be realized. In such a situation, the only solution can only be the use of special techniques and methods that have the common name of time management. Indeed, each person has a strictly defined amount of time, and it is the same for all people. It is impossible to somehow influence its quantity or its flow rate. Time management is just a big name for what in essence is the control of oneself, an organization, people in order to accelerate the solution of problems, the implementation of activities, the execution of work, actions (Wajcman, 2019). This is the management of the most rational use of time. This problem is of great practical importance, both for managers and for any person. A large number of different factors can be highlighted, which are leading to loss of time. Some of these factors are the result of illiterate actions by the leader, some occur independently of him or her, and some are directly related to the personality of the leader. However, most of them can influence or at least reduce the time losses that occur due to th
Endgame , like Samuel Beckett’s other plays and novels, depicts a post-apocalyptic world, where only four people and a few scattered objects still endure. Everything that still lingers in this world is stripped down to a very basic form: the objects, the actions, the dialogue. The play is a minimalist representation of the very complex universe that we know. The universe appears to be at its twilight, waiting for complete darkness to set in. However, the paradox of the world described in the play is precisely the fact that, despite its insubstantiality, it drags on, without ending. As in Zeno’s dichotomy paradox, to which the play refers several times, in Endgame the world is moving but somehow there is no progression. Although there everything seems dead, there is no closure. As the title suggests, the play is, to a certain degree, a metaphor of a chess game that seems to have reached a dead end. The characters can indeed be likened to chess pieces because of their repetitive and limited actions: the legless Nell and Nagg are confined to their dustbins, Hamm can only sit and Clov can only stand. Moreover, their world contains only a few objects but which are very suggestive: a ladder, a wall, a window, a telescope, a handkerchief, a clock, a whistle, some painkillers, etc. All of these basic items signify something: they are remnants of once complex and full life. Although very simple, these objects are very meaningful, precisely because of their unusual usage in the play: “By the twist of usage, Beckett causes simple things to resonate” (Maughlin 89). The painkillers, for instance, hint of utter desolation and despair, while the ladder and the telescope can be seen as relics of a universe where human aspirations were still extant. The game of chess is, in fact, life itself in its monotonous flux. Beckett appeals to the chess metaphor to portray life in its absurdity and illogicality: “For Beckett, a game of chess reflects life itself… But the game of life, unlike a game of chess, is quite irrational. Man is a being tossed in the absurd universe like a piece on the chessboard, and his fate is as dubious as that of a chessman” (Kumar 545). Position and movement are very important in Beckett’s plays, as they emphasize the human beings’ lack of freedom. Life is seen as an entrapping and absurd game, which seems to offer no escape and no relief. It is only the shadow, a mere reminder: “ Endgame is a play about remainders, about the fact of remaining, about the being-there of ‘remainderhood’” (Smith 99). Thus, although there is very little to live for, life on this empty planet moves on. The play already opens with the idea of an ending. Clov announces the approach
Introduction The tourism industry is an extremely challenging trade to operate since a lot of patience is required in operating a venture in this industry. The industry requires expertise and experience in running or operating a hotel. Human resources in the tourism and hospitality industry are trained on various skills that are meant to achieve high standards of service. These skills are especially necessary for hotel managers who are required to have multiple skills in overseeing staff in the hotel industry. This essay is going to explore the establishment of a hotel in the Swan valley by a group of investors. The essay is going to analyze activities undertaken by an appointed general manager in developing the concept to be used in operating the hotel. Project Analysis Analysing the project entails a lot of activities including appraisal of the needs and activities needed in the successful implementation of the project. The project in this case investigates how the human resources are employed, the recruitment process, employee training and monitoring of employee performance. The hotel in this project case is a fine, fashionable hotel and golf resort in the Swan valley. As the general manager, I am in charge of all departmental heads while, I report all operations of the hotel to the investors. The task of managing and organizing human resources entails recruitment, selection and induction/training, monitoring and evaluation of employees (Wagen, 2008). These tasks are critical in ensuring human resources work together as a team to achieve the goals and objectives set by the hotel owners. Recruitment process A hotel cannot function properly without staff or human resources and thus, recruitment of hotel employees is paramount. The recruitment process entails three major activities including identification of the recruitment needs, administering the recruitment and eventual selection of new employees. The information below shows how the recruitment processes will be carried out for hotel and golf resort. Recruitment Needs Identification The process of identifying the recruitment needs is very important since this outlines all common activities to be undertaken in a hotel. Recruitment process requires a plan that outlines the jobs to be filled during the different operational times in the hotel. For instance, in the high peak season, several employees will be recruited to help the hotel handle the increased visitor numbers. The process of the short term recruitment requires analyzing all sections or departments whereby staffs are required within a short period. Operational changes needed in the short term recruitment are job analysis, remuneration
Overview Malignant melanoma is often cited as one of the most common types of cancer of the skin affecting populations of Caucasian origin (Haydu et al., 2010), with available statistics demonstrating that it is the 5 th most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States (Zhihong et al., 2011). Melanoma can be described as cancer that begins in the melanocytes (colored cells which lie in the epidermis) and can occur anywhere on the skin, though extant literature demonstrates it is more likely to start in specific locations such as the trunk (chest and back), legs, neck or face (American Cancer Society, n.d.). Official figures released in 2008 by the American Academy of Dermatology cited in Vickers (2009) demonstrate that “…melanoma is the most common form of cancer for young adults 25 to 29 years old and the second most common form of cancer for young adults 15 to 29 years of age” (p. 15). It is reported in the literature that the risk of malignant melanoma is high in light-skinned individuals of European origin with both phenotypic vulnerability and sustained history of sun exposure (Bastuji-Garin & Diepgen, 2002). Pathophysiology It is important to underscore the fact that as with other forms of cancer, a sequence of genetic shifts takes place in melanoma cells that leads to mounting aptitude for growth of the affected cells as they become increasingly malignant. As acknowledged by Ralph (2007), “…a key issue emerging more recently in understanding the progression of malignant melanoma is the role played by the tumor microenvironment and the impact of the relationship between the immune system and inflammatory processes in promoting tumor cell development” (p. 125). At the cellular level, the ultra-violent (UV) mediated damage to skin keratinocytes and melanocytes is known to trigger DNA mutational shifts in the expression of growth regulatory genes in already predisposed individuals, resulting in uninhibited cell proliferation. The surrounding tissue damage and drying cells alert the individual’s immune system to the destruction being occasioned (Barnhill et al., 2007), with available literature demonstrating that this alert stimulates transient immune cell infiltrates, which in turn trigger the release of inflammatory signals into the surrounding microenvironment (Ralph, 2007). But when the above process is taking place, the pro-inflammatory signals engaged in skin healing
According to Warren (2008), the net income of a company refers to the revenue collected during the year less all the expenses met by the company towards attaining such income. It can be summarised mathematically as follows: Net income = summation of all revenues – summation of all expenses (Wood and Sangster, 2008). Therefore, from the computation of Microsoft income, the above formula was used in the appendix. The change in net income of the company is calculated the following way: The change in net income 2012’s net income $ 16,978 Less: 2011’s net income {$ 23,150} – 6172 Though the company had an increase in revenue, the expenses increased more than the revenue collected hence the company had a negative change in net income. This proves that, for any company to have a positive change in net income, the revenue should grow at a higher rate than expenses. As it stands, the company has several reasons for its reduction in net income. This analysis evaluates why there was a reduction in the net income of Microsoft Companydespite there being an increase in revenue. The reduction in net income was caused by the following: First, there is impairment goodwill. This is one of the expenses that were not included initially. Its inclusion in2012 contributed to the reduction in net income. Other causes contributed to a small margin. However, they still caused a reduction in the net income and they must be mentioned. The expenses with minor contributions are cost revenue, research and development, and general and administrative expense. Only the sales and marketing expenses had reduced. These are the differences that led to the changes in the total income between the two years. Total current assets This is another point to be considered as indicated by the balance sheet. This refers to all the assets that are easily convertible into cash to meet the current obligations that accrue during the normal operations of the company. The company depicts a very stable liquidity position in case the current assets are greater than the current liabilities. In the year 2012, the company had a current asset of $85,084 which exceeds current liabilities by $52396. This means all the company was able to meet its short-term obligations. The very high level of current assets in 2012 can be attributed to the total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investment summation since it comprises more than 75 %, with minor contributions from the other items. The current assets cannot be fully explained as above w
In management or organizational learning environments, learners use the phrase ‘organizational culture’ to imply the beliefs, values, attitudes, experiences and psychology of a certain organization. In most cases, organizational culture is a collection of social norms and values applied by people working in an organization. Largely, these values and norms dictate the relationship of members within an organization. Organizational culture comprises of aspirations and goals set by members towards realizing success. Language, symbols, interactions and expectations are some of the examples of goals set by an organization. They act as culture itself. In essence, personal or group norms sire organizational norms, aspirations, expectations and employee behavior within an organization. (Hill & Gareth, 2001, pp. 1-12). For example, over the last two decades, organizations have widely applied the concept of organizational culture to comprehend human systems. Thus, organizational culture-environmental condition, affect human systems either positively or negatively. This is because, to form an organization, it takes time. This is because, two challenges associate with organizational culture formation within a group. For example, it is not easy to integrate individuals as one unit. On the other hand, some individuals find it hard to adopt external happenings of an organization. They therefore need to be educated in order to grasp the culture of an organization. The paper will examine the organizational culture of HP Company where I work in sales department. (Schein, 1993, pp.373-375). Organizational Culture at my Workplace Many organizations find it hard to deploy good organization culture to its members. This is because, the whole process seem psychological. Therefore, members need time to adjust and work as per the culture of an organization. For example, in my company, everybody values leadership, socialization and selection as fundamental basics of culture. A common language is necessary in this case because; it facilitates the sharing of knowledge. In order to realize this effectively, my company has a policy framework requiring every individual to master organizational culture strategies. Each individual comes into an organization with a different culture. However, culture boosts organizational success. Therefore, individuals must be ready to adopt new organizational cultures. At IBM, the knowledge management initiative acts as a guide towar
Alfons Heck was born around 1927 in Rhineland near the Morsel River Region. He was brought up by his grandmother and a number of uncles and aunts. His parents and twin brother occasionally paid him visits in the farm where he lived. Hitler ascended to power when Alfons Heck was just six years old; that was in the year 1933. His teacher at that time was a full blown follower of the Nazi (Heck 2). Even at his young age, Alfons somewhat had a sense of admiration for his teacher and the ideals he stood for. Hitler’s regime had successfully turned him into a fanatic who was willing to lay down his life for a cause he believed was both just and achievable. For the following five or so years, Alfons attended school normally like other children and served as an altar boy in his local church. Germany had remained in turmoil in the years following World War 1 and this offered an ideal setting for the emergence of firebrand political leadership who would establish and enforce extremist ideologies (Heck 6). At this time in Germany’s history, citizens were under immense pressure to make payments to the victors of war and the country was grappling with a serious economic crisis. This was when Adolf Hitler came to be known since he offered easy explanations to the problems that the people were facing and he went ahead to offer quick fix solutions. In his opinion, the Jews were to be blamed for Germany’s downfall in World War 1 and the subsequent peace treaty that was a source of embarrassment to the nation. The Nazis cunningly capitalized on the political and economic distrust of the middle class and made up lies about the Jews (Heck 11).The party enjoyed a significant rise in popularity and this saw Hitler ascend to the post of Chancellor in the year 1933. Some people thought he could have been instrumental in dealing with communists proponents. Hitler began forming structures of the Nazi State that were based on authoritarian principles and racism. Individuals’ rights and freedoms were revoked while rights entrenched in the Weimar Constitution were renounced. Jews suffered persecution and discrimination, and in the year 1933, they were expelled from the civil service. This year also saw the abolishing of all trade unions. All elements of government were ‘harmonized’ to completely fit into Nazi control while all other political parties were outlawed. Germans were made to believe that their destiny was to grow and enlarge a superior population that would rule the Soviet Union. A policy was put in place to encourage the bearing of racially pure Aryan children (Heck 12). Other groups of people like Gypsies and the Jews were classified as racially inferior and were set to be eliminated. In that year, Nazi groups started the indiscriminate killing, molesting and maiming of Jews. Their businesses were for
An international marketing strategy takes advantage of the integration of global markets and is coordinated across countries in different regions. The strategy may also be adapted to suit some markets (Keegan & Green 8). A SWOT analysis will help Audi choose a rigorous and effective marketing strategy. Audi’s strengths include a large portfolio with a wide range of elegantly styled cars. It is also a globally recognizable brand and is fitted with superior and technologically advanced features. The company’s weaknesses include their overreliance on sales from the Europe. The high maintenance costs of Audis may also deter some customers. Audi’s low scale operations hinder it from enjoying economies of scale, and its avant-garde design may not appeal to all. Opportunities for Audi include the expanding premium vehicles market where Audi can leverage on brand recognition to penetrate new markets. There is also an increase in environmentally conscious car owners and Audi has invested in low emission cars. Threats to Audi’s business include high fuel costs, competition from BMW, Mercedes, and Lexus, and restrictive policies when entering some markets. The candidate countries for Audi’s three-year marketing strategy are Angola, Haiti, Cambodia, Nepal, Uganda, and Iraq. The countries do not have Audi dealerships and the brand presence is low. Factors for Audi to consider before choosing a market include market size, competition in target market, cultural proximity, political risk, and availability of infrastructure. A truly global strategy will have countries in different regions. The countries chosen are Angola, Cambodia, and Iraq. The three have some similarities that make them attractive new markets for Audi. One is rapidly growing middle and upper-classes with a desire for luxury goods. The three countries are recovering from years of turmoil, and the economies are posting positive growth unlike much of the Western World. The masculine cultures of the three countries means that luxury brands, such as Audi will be very popular with those wanting to flaunt their wealth. However, poor infrastructure is a problem in the three markets and this could erode profitability. Angola In 2012, Angola recorded a GDP (gross domestic product) of 114 billion US$, with a GDP per capita of US$ 5,485 (The World Bank). Angola’