ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The PBS documentary titled Cairo Revolution is about the response of ordinary Egyptians on Mubarak’s oppressive government leadership. It is about non elitists who grew increasingly discontent with the happenings in Cairo. It is about ordinary citizens who could not continue to watch the heightening levels of corruption and injustice. The revolution followed several years of repression in Egypt. Youthful Egyptians got tired of the rising police brutality and interrogative torture upon the citizens. Other issues including election rigging and refusal to hand over power by the Mubarak regime fueled the protest. The young people constituting of not less than 60% of the population became tired of the rising unemployment rates. Many of the Egyptian youth became unemployed despite having university education. The people wanted change and would do anything to see that change. A group of young people led by a technology savvy civil engineer formed a movement – the April 6 youth movement. The movement started campaigning in 2008. They organized a peaceful protest against the injustices experienced by textile workers. The success of that protest led to the formalization of the movement with a mission to organize and mobilize ordinary people to fight for their rights. It took three years to regroup, strategize, coin the movement’s agenda and launch out. They demanded that Mubarak and his children should never run during presidential elections. They called for immediate dissolution of the national assembly and a repealing of the emergency law. Other issues included reformation on the constitution and government policies. The movement was out to denounce corrupt leaders and bring a lasting change to the unemployment problems of the youth. They wanted to see Egypt freed from police brutality. The revolt became a massive success. Organizing for a revolution is not an easy task. The difficulties to be dealt with became enormous. The government was not ready for any anti government protests and would use government tools to deal with any assertions against the regime. The youth movement got into planning despite the government’s opposition. The movement had obvious strength that the government did not know. The strategy included the use of cyber space – internet to spread the planned revolt. The leaders of the youth movement used social media channels including face book, twitter and blogging to mobilize the youth and further their anti government slogans. They used viral videos showing excessive brutality during police interrogations. Other means of communication included the use of cell phones to send short messages that the youth forwarded to all the contacts on their cell phones. The movement also spent quality time together studying the works of Nelson Mandela and the student led resistant in Serbia. One of the key leaders of the April 6 movement went to Serbia to learn the art of non violent protests. He learnt how to teach others to protest peacefully. He also learnt how to put demand
Modern access to information technology can potentially develop the rational usage of human resources and abilities. Tele sitter is a portable two-way video camera installed in patients’ rooms, helping the staff to monitor their conditions. The data is rapidly transferred to the hospital employees if any acute situation happens. The technological progress of IT methods can help reduce hospital costs and provide rational planning of the staff activities. The purpose of the paper is to research the scholarly literature on the critical topic and analyze the modern problems in medicine, the positive sides of using Tele sitters, and the potential benefits Tele sitters can bring. Hence, the paper’s methodology will be qualitative analysis using secondary sources. The current work aims to develop a project helping understaffed hospitals implement and utilize Tele sitters. Project objectives are understanding the weak chains of the medical nurse system in monitoring patients, applying the innovative method to the hospitals, and making it efficient within two years of practice. Only scholarly articles and other trustworthy data providers were used during the paper creation, and all the statements taken from different sources are highlighted with citations. Developing the system of Tele sitters in more hospitals can enhance the hospitals’ income and help understaffed departments. The number of patients that need bedsitters increases according to the season and the collaboration of their pathology. Often, a patient requires 24 hours control and support, and Tele sitters can easily cover such needs by changing shifts and saving the costs on nurses and bedside sitters. According to Roth’s analysis (2019), US San Diego Health estimated the cost savings by using Tele sitters by $2.5 million within two years. Tele sitters can provide a patient with communication and companionship, so the psychological aspect of the monitoring is being saved. Several people need support and the feeling of being cared for by someone. Tele sitters have good-quality equipment allowing them to communicate with patients. The main concern in current medicine should be planning and managing nurses’ worktime rationally. According to the experience gathered from nursing leadership and management, it is proved that nurses can be easily integrated into the IT system and control the major indicators using electronic data. Along with the usual informatics nurse responsibilities, a new position in the hospital is called the chief nursing informatics officer (CNIO) (Murphy, 2011). Developing the duties of nurses inside the department can help improve the clinic’s efficiency and provide better outcomes. Moreover, the intensive care units, due to the more significant number of acute pathologies, need the video monitoring systems similarly, and Tele sitters were proved efficient in these departments as well (Romig, 2019). So, the first step in implementation is proper education
Introduction This article seeks to appraise the article “ Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45 852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomized placebo-controlled trial ”. This is for the simple reason that in the recent past, numerous modalities have been used for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) and others are still in the pipeline being established. Looking at the background, platelet activation and aggregation can be treated using thromboxane; these two rises during myocardial infarction. Aspirin has proved to be effective in the reduction of mortality. Clopidogrel has proven effective enough to deal with ischemic events (Docherty, 2011). Clinical question and PICOT related to the problem In Patients With Myocardial Infarction Is Aspirin Beneficial When Used Alone or in Addition to Clopidogrel?   * P- Patients with Myocardial infarction   * I- Aspirin   * C- Clopidogrel plus Aspirin   * O- Reduction or prevention of myocardial infarction events   * T- 28 days Keywords used and the database system Headings and words used were closely related to clopidogrel and aspirin, myocardial infarction, mortality, major morbidity, stroke and study type (i.e., “randomized controlled trial”). All were searched in databases like Cochrane library and MEDLINE (White, 2008). Appraisal In critically appraising this article, the following factors were assessed and how the article addresses them. Valid clinical problem and clinical question While discussing the validity of the problem and to what extent this article solves the matter at hand, we see that the study sticks to its objective and delivers desirable results. Validity of the results The article that they pursue a 2 by 2 factorial design and randomization was used in the allocation of clopidogrel 75 mg daily (n=22 961) or matching placebo (n=22 891) in addition to aspirin 162 mg daily. There was also the use of sealed study treatments (Nursing, 2007). The study has also shed some light in measuring the study’s outcome and performance, in doing so, the study ensured that there was a 4-week calendar that was followed to the letter except in arising medical situations. As stated in the study that unless a definite contraindication arose then medication would continue as planned hence outcome measures. The study also does a follow-up: this is done through a form which is filled and contains details on compliance, effects of the therapy either positive or negative, clinical events, death if it occurred. Also noticeable is that the stu
Introduction Gender in management is a term that is used to describe the proportion of employees that occupy management positions in an organization based on their sexuality. More specifically it is a term that is used to describe the pattern and trend in organizations as it regards to allocations of senior management jobs based on gender (Hyde, 2005). Gender in management is an issue that is currently a focus of many organizations, including many other international bodies that advocate issues of gender in workplace. The term gender in management is often used to describe the integration of both male and female in organizations at senior job positions and this is proportion to one another (Hyde, 2005). However the range of issues that gender in management incorporates are as diverse as the subject itself and include issues such as equal opportunities, job flexibility, cross cultural issues, sexual politics, culture, employment disparities, career determinants and sexuality orientation (Hyde, 2005). Disparity of gender in management Historically and for many decades, most women were assigned specific jobs that were usually tagged as feminine and the place of women and men in organizational roles were clearly defined. During those days most job categories were reserved for men and almost all management roles were assigned to men regardless of equal qualification from women candidates (Barbara, 2004). However, gender discrimination and inequality in work place in modern day continues to be an issue that many organizations are still struggling with despite numerous frameworks and laws that have been enacted in order to address gender issues. For instance many countries worldwide have enacted Equal Employment Act that require female workers to occupy at least 40% of all organizational roles, which also includes management roles as well (Hyde, 2005). Besides these enactments most countries have affirmative action laws which are a more comprehensive approach to addressing gender inequalities at all levels that discriminate on women. There are various causes of gender inequality in work place that leads to discrimination of women in being given management roles and which inversely leads to male being appointed in management roles such as cultural factors (Barbara, 2004). The cultural factors include society perception of gender roles in work place, gender stereotypes, and organizational recruitment culture; in a study done in 2003 in United States the overall managerial jobs that were held by female workers was found to be less than 40% in most of the organization as well as the total proportion of female workers (Hyde, 2005). This is mostly because of gender stereotypes which lead to discrimination among female candidates when employers and management personnel overlook, ignore or fail to nurture management talent when exhibited by female employees, thereby causing them not to rise up in the management ladder (Levin, 2003). Indeed, current statistics indicate that gender discrimination is very much a reality in many companies worldwide despite the existing efforts that a
Introduction The British electoral system has historically been involved in bi-party elections except in 1923. The modern multiparty day democracy has been restricted to two parties a tradition that borrows from the first-past-the post system in general as well as local elections. The post war conception of the liberalist a conservatism parties has continued to rule the elective regime to the present day. Small parties have over the years been downplayed by the two major parties that have continued to dominate the voter population. Inadvertently it would be very easy to perceive of the British system as a bipartisan electoral system which isn’t the case. History Progress has been made in as far as reform of the British electoral system with specific regard to the reform act of 1832 which suffered amendment in consecutive years to involve the plight of women and attempts to stamp out corrupt election practices that had stained the system in the nineteenth century. It would then see the involvement of 18-20 year old in the voting process as well as the provision for absentee voters. The system has shown progress and continues to change to suit contemporary democ
Late payments within organizations form part of ethical issues. Payment delays arise unexpectedly due to the ease with which customers can alter payment terms, thus making it difficult for organizations to pay employees as per the initial agreements. When this occurs, employees find it difficult to pay their monthly bills, such as water rates, electricity bills, mortgages, and train fare. For instance, large companies in the UK are not prompt in their payments to more than half of small businesses. This makes it hard for small business enterprises to pay their employees and suppliers in time throughout the year. Uninformed changes in payment terms erode business ethics in organizations, especially in small businesses as evident in the United Kingdom’s case. Apart from difficulty in accessing finance, SMEs faces challenges of getting prompt payments from their customers, which translates to inconsistency in employees’ payment dates. Legitimate explanations ought to accompany late payments to avert interpretations like abuse of power. Since small businesses have relatively low capital bases to large firms, they are always reluctant to apply legislation for fear of breaking relations with bigger businesses. Therefore, small businesses mostly become dishonest in their contracts with employees and suppliers in order to protect their relations or contracts with bigger firms. Trustworthiness remains a key pillar in any business contract among customers, suppliers, and organizations. Organizations that incorporate honesty and fairness in their operations acquire sustainable competitive advantage over their competitors as they can attract and retain talented employees, as well as enhance customer loyalty. To develop a strong corporate culture, firms have to pay suppliers promptly in order to demonstrate strong leadership. In all their undertakings, customers ought to enhance trust amon
Introduction Background The idea of achieving sustainability in modern organisations causes leaders to pay attention to addressing various environmental issues associated with their activities. However, being focused on integrating environmental practices into operations, managers can face certain barriers to overcome (Gustafsson, Hermelin & Smas 2019). Operations are expected to be organised in a way to prevent or decrease a negative impact on the environment and ensure all the activities are environmentally friendly (Longoni & Cagliano 2015). Therefore, the topic of challenges in integrating environmental issues into operations management is critical to be studied today. Problem Statement and Research Question The specific problem is that, when integrating environmental policies into operations management, managers can face a variety of challenges, but only limited research on these obstacles is available to provide information on how to address those (Magon et al. 2018). The question guiding this research follows: RQ1 : What are the challenges associated with integrating environmental issues and policies into operations management? This research has theoretical and practical significance because it is important to determine challenges that can prevent managers and other employees from making operations more sustainable and propose strategies to overcome the issue. Literature Review The review of recent literature on the topic should be completed to identify the existing views regarding the problem. In the recent studies, the following topics are discussed: environmental awareness in business, sustainability-oriented changes in operations management, challenges in changing operations to make those environmentally friendly. In this section, the gaps in research to be covered with the help of this study will also be provided. Environmental Awareness in Business The growth of environmental consciousness and environmental awareness in relation to business operations has become observed in the 21st century. According to Baki (2018), companies became more concerned regarding such issues as environmental pollution, waste management and recycling. Gelhard and Von Delft (2016) and Dhull and Narwal (2016) state that the process of greening supply chains, developing environment-oriented policies and sustainability strategies is currently observed in most large organisations. This focus on environmental performance is the main indicator of changes in the business world in terms of develop
For the current study, the question below was chosen from a suggested list. Does drinking caffeine affect students’ performance on tests? The choice of this question was not accidental but instead has a strong justification. Living in a college community often involves severe stress and health risks. Academic responsibility for one’s own learning and the desire to perform at a high level encourages young students to use radical ways to keep their bodies functioning. These include the consumption of coffee and caffeinated coffee drinks in order to maintain alertness and clarity of judgment at unnatural times for a healthy biorhythm. Such phenomena are particularly acute during exams and tests when students are required to demonstrate the knowledge and competencies they have learned on their own. It is true that exams and final tests are a stressor for the student. In an attempt to perform at their best, students spend the last days before the test repeating theoretical basics and learning new knowledge. Such a large amount of information cannot be absorbed systematically, so students often forgo healthy sleep and devote all their waking hours to studying. In this sense, coffee is a good tool for maintaining such a state when one does not want to sleep. Nevertheless, it is easy to assume that such activities do not turn out to be absolutely harmless for the body. A large amount of caffeine consumed overstresses the nervous system, as a result of which the student experiences severe emotional stress, hallucinations, and memory loss. Obviously, the consequences of such sleepless nights before exams can be precisely the opposite of the expected effect, when due to lack of sleep and large amounts of coffee, reflection ceases to be clear, and the theoretical base is forgotten. Thus, the critical interest in this experiment is to determine the relationship between coffee consumption before exams and students’ own performance on those exams. Description of Hypotheses The initial research question for the entire experiment is to determine the above relationship. In doing so, the working hypothesis is that consuming caffeine (in coffee or coffee drinks) before exams significantly reduces performance on those exams. This question allows us to create an alternative hypothesis, from which the null hypothesis is also formulated: From the mathematical formulations of the above two hypotheses, we can see that two samples (populations) are used, for which the mean is created. It is worth saying that the focus is set on the scores on the exams, with drinking coffee before the exams as an intervention. It is seen that the alternative hypothesis states that the average for the first population in which students drink coffee should be lower than for the population without the intervention. Description of Information Collection and Analysis A description of the procedures for collecting and analyzing the information collected forms the center of the design of the
Graphic Design as the Selected Career The selected career is that of a graphic designer. An examination of the career compelled my choice. The career is one of the most engaging and creative as compared to several professions in contemporary societies. Besides enabling me to keep in touch with the modern world’s trends and dynamics, graphic designing also amplifies my creativity. Due to the changing times and demands advanced by clients of graphic designs, I always have to be creative to match my products with their expectations. Moreover, the scale of creativity required enables me to be a keen listener and an active consumer of knowledge. My passion for conveying information to individuals living in our society is another factor that informed my decision to select a graphic design career. It is fundamental to assert that the career is very useful in conveying messages to society creatively and appealingly. Some of the reasons that made me choose the career include its contribution to society and amplifying my knowledge base through research and utility of my skills. Presently, advertising companies, magazines, and social media are all consumers of products developed by graphic designers. Smart managers understand that information concerning their goods and services can reach the target clients if they employ graphic designers’ services. According to Landa (2010), several graphic designers in the world enjoy the proceeds accrued by the rising demand for their services. Since several consumers love well-designed adverts that are appealing, the demand for designers who have exceptional creativity is one factor that firms consider before hiring an individual to be part of their organization. The implication of increased demand and the need for creativity makes me continue engaging in continuous research so that my skills match those demanded by employers in the market. The Impact of Psychology in Graphic Design Leads to Good Interpersonal Relationship and Improves Productivity Psychology plays a very pivotal role in all aspects that concern human life. In graphic design, psychology enables people to undertake their duties with lots of skills and develop good interpersonal relationships. Psychology helps in development if good interpersonal skill