ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Polypharmacy is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon among the aged population, especially those with multiple morbidities. The concurrent use of five or more drugs may be cumulatively beneficial; nevertheless, there is a substantial risk of developing adverse effects. Polypharmacy can lead to hepatotoxicity due to decreased hepatic mass in the elderly, which subsequently reduces the quantity of drugs that can be metabolized by the liver (Cantlay et al., 2017). Additionally, hepatic damage may arise due to the consumption of multiple drugs with a narrow therapeutic range, for example, warfarin and phenytoin. Another implication is the impairment of renal function, which is usually a consequence of the accumulation of drugs to toxic levels injurious to the kidney (Cantlay et al., 2017). In elderly populations, the occurrence of side effects, sensitivity, and adverse drug interactions is also elevated compared to that in younger people (Cantlay et al., 2017). This poses a greater risk to multiple organ damage and increases the aggressiveness of geriatric syndromes. Practitioners should consider the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects of each drug to avoid adverse reactions. Old age is associated with several psychological and physiological changes that affect how senior populations adapt to drugs (Cantlay et al., 2017). It is therefore crucial that the physician relates each drug to the functionality and adaptability of the patient. Reducing the prescription of unnecessary polyphar
The Harlem Renaissance is the famous period in the American culture that includes the years between 1916 and 1940 during which the New Negro movement and the age of ‘the black stars’ developed. The Harlem Renaissance presented a lot of examples of great talents in different spheres of the cultural life in the USA. Jim Haskins and the group of co-authors including Eleanora E. Tate, Clinton Cox, and Brenda Wilkinson in their Black Stars of the Harlem Renaissance made an attempt to focus on the biographies of the most prominent black stars who contributed to the progress of the American culture. The authors organized the book as a collection of stories in which they depicted the personalities of the black stars with paying attention to their successes and role in the development of the movement. In his book Jim Haskins accentuated the role of the personality in the progress of a definite cultural movement. If it is necessary to discuss the Harlem Renaissance as the age in the cultural development of the country, it is impossible to examine it without studying the peculiarities of the creative growth of the most famous representatives of this period. That is why it is rationally to describe the stories of the black stars of Harlem in the form of short biographical scratches which represent the author’s view in relation to the peculiarities of their personal life and their cultural significance. This book is the collection of twenty stories which can be considered as biographical profiles focused on the origins and achievements of the stars of Harlem Renaissance. Such names as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Augusta Savage, Henry Johnson, Philip Payton Jr., Bessie Smith, Marcus Garvey, Thomas Andrew Dorsey, and Dorothy West are among those black stars to whom this book is dedicated. “They all contributed to the making of a legendary era” (Haskins et al., 2002, p. 2). The introduction to the book presents a short description of the most important aspects connected with the era of Harlem Renaissance in the USA. The author also answers the question about the meaning of the whole New York in the development of this cultural movement. Thus, “often called the capital of Black America, Harlem gave African American people a new sense of their own beauty and power” (Haskins et al., 2002, p. 2). Moreover, “African Americans expressed pride in their history, style, and culture. Black writing, theater, music, and art thrived in a burst of creativity that came to be called the Harlem Renaissance” (Haskins et al., 2002, p. 2). The authors emphasize the meaning and significance of this age for the American culture concentrating on the peculiarities of its cultural heritage. In their book famous writers for children present perfectly organized portraits of the most prominent figures of the Harlem Renaissance. The authors use a lot of resources to present the bright depiction of the most interesting aspects of the black stars’ lives. Numerable reference
Welcome Page There are set processes in which storyboards are created for instance for films and animations either for study or for educational purposes. Being skeletons that give a step-by-step view of what is expected for any given procedure; storyboards become centrally important tools that assist the understanding of complex procedures that would otherwise be reserved for professionals and academicians alone. For this assignment, the concept of storyboards is used as a lesson for how to take blood pressure and in doing so, the paper will discuss details of the importance of consistent taking of readings of one’s blood pressure as well as discussing some of the equipment that are used in the process of taking and checking blood pressure. This means that this storyboard will be a lesson dubbed: Taking Blood Pressure. Introduction Page Before delving into the processes that were arrived at in the making of the storyboard fort taking blood pressure, it is appropriate first of all to briefly describe what exactly is meant by storyboarding process. The creation of this storyboard is created in a number of steps so as to come up with a creative and useful thing. The history of storyboards has been that they can be created either by hand or other designers have used digitized computer programs to draw and design them (Struijk, Mathews & Loupas, 2008). For the case that the storyboard is created by hand, the practice has been that the first step is to get a template which may either be downloaded or drawn manually. For cases where the designers and producers require details in their designs that are of greater content, storyboard artists usually prepare the storyboards either by a way of hand or by using special programs that are used to draw storyboards in two dimensions (Struijk, Mathews & Loupas, 2008). There are other software that may be used to create superior storyboards that contain greater details that express the exact intentions of the story as presented by the producer and director of the film or animation. After properly preparing these storyboards, they are usually presented to the given project management which forwards to its cinematographer who sees that what has been created achieves the vision and intentions of the director (Struijk, Mathews & Loupas, 2008). Having briefly discussed what storyboards are and how they are created, the next important area of discussion is the subject of the storyboard taken for this paper and this is Taking Blood Pressure. First of all, blood pressure is a human condition which medically is generally described as the pressure that builds in the blood vessels due to the blood circulating in them after being pumped by the heart. The heart usually pumps in two basic ways that creates moments of highest pressure called the systolic pressure and one that creates moments of the lowest pressure called the diastolic pressure in the blood vessels (Booth, 2007). This pressure is highest in the blood vessels that are closest to the heart and continually decreases slowly as the blood flows further from the heart. This d
Modern experts believe that globalization is essential to progress towards achieving economic, social, and cultural development on the international level. Nevertheless, these experts, including economists and technologists, fail to consider the massive social, environmental, economic, political, and cultural impacts of this phenomenon. Noteworthy, environmental pollution, social and moral degradation, political manipulation, and exploitation of the poor population by the wealthy nations are some of the most evident impacts of globalization in the modern world. Globalization has led to massive investment by American and European firms in emerging markets such as China, India, and South Korea. Nevertheless, as these companies make huge profits, several negative impacts are worth mentioning. They are seeking cheap and reliable labor and large markets. Populations in countries like India, China, South Korea, and other nations are affected by low-income rates. Their populations, though learned, tend to provide cheap labor. The work-life balance is a major problem in these industries. Employers expect their employees to work like machines, show perfection in production, and ensure that the cost of production is relatively low. These companies tend to provide their employees with poor pay for similar positions that seek a good salary in the western world. The allegations made against Apple Corporation and other American companies in China provide good examples of this phenomenon. These companies tend to pay low wages for employment positions that may fetch thousands of dollars a year in the US and Europe. With increased communication technology, people in the developing world desire to move into the developed world, with the aim of finding employment. Nevertheless, these people are often victims of human trafficking. Industrial globalization increases the level of carbon dioxide emissions. Coal and petroleum products are burned quickly to meet the demands of the global markets. For instance, between 1987 and 1997, the level of carbon dioxide in the environment was increasing by more than 1.0% per annum and 1.6% between 1997 and 2007. Globalization is a major cause of increasing oil prices. Due to the emergence of globalized industries in Asia, Europe, and America, oil prices experienced two major spikes. Between 1973 and 1983, the US oil supply declined significantly, causing major price hikes that affected millions of people throughout the world. Between 2005 and 2010, oil prices failed to grow due to exploding demand caused by globalization. As such, poor nations with low capacity to obtain oil are faced with poverty because of a poor supply of goods and services. Globalization makes it hard for developing nations to compete with world economic powers. Countries with low-cost structures such as low wages and benefits for employees
Introduction America has had fair share of challenges pertaining to how minority groups are treated. This has run throughout the history of modern America dating back to the 1850’s when Irish and German Catholics were vilified by underground movements that openly opposed their coming to America. Italians who came visiting in 1890 were neither spared. They were subjected to the most inhuman treatments that included lynching. The Jews were subjected to harrowing treatments at the beginning of the 20 th Century in the hands of Klansmen and other anti Jew personalities that included Henry Ford and his ilk. In modern history and currently, the people who have born the brunt of discrimination perhaps because of the religion they subscribe to are the Muslims. Their predicaments soured after the infamous September 11 th terrorist attack in the United States that claimed lives of many innocent people. The more than 2.6 million Muslims living in the US have faced severe hostility. It is for fact that those who perpetrated terrorist attack at the World Trade Center were Muslims and that people who subscribe to faiths that encourage extremism have to be treated with a lot of caution, but branding all Muslims as fundamental Islamists whose source of joy is to claim life under pretence of assured eternal peace is a wrong precedence. Many Muslims have unfairly borne the burden of prejudice that is wrongly apportioned to them. That Muslims are resilient is in fact evidenced by the number of them who still chose to come to America despite of the fact that they are wrongly treated. Their numbers have kept plummeting as evidenced by studies that show that the number of Muslims that were granted permanent resident visas increased from 66, 000 at the beginning of the 21 st Century to 115, 000 in 2009. A fundamental question to be asked is ‘Why do they keep coming to the United States where they receive hostile treatment?’ The articles critique will first endeavor to give an outline or summary of the whole articles after comprehensive reading of the articles. A critical thought about the articles will be entertained where questions relating to the audience the articles are addressing will be asked, the purpose for which the authors decided to write the article, and whether the authors did manage to achieve this purpose. Of importance will be focus on what the articles similarly do and what they do differently. Summary of Lorraine Adams Work Muslims who migrate to America are a minority group comprising only 0.8 per cent of the entire American population. As evidenced by story narrated by Sharif Zaheer, after the September 11 th incident, many Muslim children who went to school all over the United States were subjected to very harsh treatments by their fellow students including being called Osama Bin Laden. American citizens who come from non-friendly nations like Iran have to undergo what somebody would call economic sabotage. The services and goods they sell do not find easy way to the market where they are treated with a lot of suspicion. Some Muslims are arbitrarily arrested and dragged through protracted police investigations. Studies
Introduction The increase in the number of teenage pregnancy and the rise in HIV and AIDS cases across the globe have led to the development of sex education programs incorporated in the education curriculum for many schools. The sex education programs entail the training on matters “…relating to human sexuality, including human sexual reproduction, human sex anatomy, sexual intercourse and reproductive health” (Donovan, 1998, p.70). Other than formal schools providing sex education to children and teens parents, caregivers and public health campaign programs also play a paramount role in propagation of sex education. The continued degradation of sexual morals especially among teenagers, adolescence and the emergence of HIV and AIDS has not only influenced the medical profession but also shaped the education sector to reconsider their sex education programs. Although schools and higher learning institutions continue to put a lot of efforts and emphasis on sex education, the current sex education programs do not work. The failure of these programs predisposes teenagers and children to risks related to lack of sex and sexuality knowledge. Children and teens in such nations with collapsed sex education are prone to sexually transmitted diseases and unpreparedness for pregnancy later in life. Although statistics show that, comprehensive sex education on contraception and abstinence in schools help to shape the future lives of many teens, many schools have not yet incorporated the sex education in their curriculum. The debate surrounding whether covering of child sexuality is worthwhile or prejudicial continue to pull back the efforts of full implementation of sex education in many schools and learning institutions today. Education on the use of birth controls such as hormonal contraceptives and condoms elicit the need for teens and children to experience sexual contacts. Moreover, the conservative groups advocating for abstinence-only sex education for the current teens and children continue to increase the controversies surround the sex education in schools. This conservative attitude towards sex education for teens and children led to increase in teenage pregnancies and high prevalent in sexually transmitted diseases in the United States and the United Kingdom. Traditionally, in some countries, sex information to adolescence was a taboo only left to the discretion of the teenagers’ parents to educate the on sexual matter. This information remained concealed until just before marriage. The emergence of HIV and AIDS coupled with STIs has resulted to concerted efforts in responsibilities of training teens on sexual matters between the parents and teachers in schools. The traditional influence leads to shyness among teachers in delivering the detailed sex education to te
I am going to analyze my experience of negotiations, during which I intended to sell a syndicated program Moms.com to an independent local station, WCHI. My key interests included negotiating the price per episode, the number of playbacks, and the payment cycle. The first two issues were of most importance to me. My reservation price was $35,000 per episode, and my BATNA was the $2.5 million offer for Moms.com from WWIN, as well as $10,000 per episode for Juniors from WXYZ. I came to the negotiating table with the expectation of receiving not less than $60,000 per episode and not more than five times playback. The debate began with uncertainty because my opponent was not sure what number of playbacks he wanted to negotiate. There was a moment of silence, after which I used the anchoring technique and made the first offer of $80,000 and five runs per episode. It was a critical point of the negotiation, and I felt that my offer confused my opponent since he was sitting in silence. After he made a counteroffer of $55,000 and six runs per episode, I felt that we reached an impasse, so we decided to take a break. The second attempt began with the reasoning of my offer and explaining how much the opponent would be able to earn based on the average projected rate of return. I was not successful since the opponent rejected my offer and offered $70,000 per episode but demanded seven runs of each episode. I tried to elicit information from my opponent, but he evaded my questions or said nothing, which caused me to disclose my information. The final critical moment was when I took the initiative and reduced the price to $65,000 per episode with five times of playback. At this point, the opponent agreed to the offer, and the negotiation ended. I am not sure that the anchoring technique worked well for me in this case. Apparently, I set an extremely high initial price that frightened off my opponent and led to the break in the negotiation. One of the things that I would do differently next time is to express less eagerness and better control my emotions. I think that I was too eager to explain my point to the opponent and making multiple offers. As a result, I paid little attention to negotiating the payment cycle and made my opponent feel confused. Furthermore, next time, I will try not to succumb to the temptation of filling in the gap when my opponent is silent. During this negotiation, I failed to do this, which led me to reveal too much of my information and learn nothing about my opponent’s interests. In my opinion, my opponent’s negotiating strategy was distributive rather than integrative because he made counteroffers that were not acceptable for me. For example, he demanded seven runs per episode while I could agree to five at most. Furthermore, my opponent acted more like an adversary rather than a partner. He refused to explain his position or to disclose his information so that we could reach the best possible agreement. Finally, he overused silence, which made me reveal much more information about my interests than I intended to disclose. In this negotiation, I learned that a hostile attitude toward th
Abstract Firms have recognized the ability of B2B e-commerce to act as a hub by connecting businesses in an electronic marketplace. This has led to an increment in the number of firms doing their business operations in electronic way. The e-commerce has transformed business activities that were previously constrained by locations, costs, and time. Business professionals believe that the e-commerce shall eventually transform supply and value chains with effective solutions that can enhance efficiency in specific business processes. Introduction Business-to-business (B2B) companies deal directly with other businesses instead of individuals consumers. E-business provides opportunity for firms to handle their operations directly with others in the supply chain because all transactions take place on an online platform. B2B enhances the relationship between various organizations for mutually advantageous results. The Internet has offered firms the opportunity to connect with other firms anywhere. This has promoted competition and increased delivery of services. The B2B model assists in enhancing the level of efficiency operations and quality in services without extra costs, and it makes transaction simple at any time and place . The B2B model focuses on four main areas. These include developing strong direct business relationships, improving operational efficiency, promoting business growth, and matching business competition in the marketplace. An online business model has allowed firms to conduct their operations efficiently and enhance timeliness and correctness of business transactions. Thus, they have been able to eliminate errors that result from wrong inputs and subsequent deliveries. Firms also connect directly to their suppliers, which enable them to develop their relationships and brand images. B2B Concepts B2B e-commerce takes place electronically via the “Internet, extranets, intranets, or private networks” (Loshin, 2005). It is also known as “eB2B (electronic B2B) or just B2B” (Loshin, 2005). The three major forms of B2B e-commerce models are mainly transactional, process, and strategic relationships. The transactional model focuses on a given online approach for doing transactions within the supply chain. In addition, it applies the same approach to the whole system. Process-based B2B model takes place between two firms with a common business process. The process enhances efficiency between the two organizations. Strategic relationship model may comprise of two or more firms that have connected their business systems and processes in most areas of business operations. Firms have adopted e-business because of the inherent values in the technology. The system saves time, reduces costs, workforce, and eliminates most of the errors in business processes. Figure 1: B2B e-commerce models Key business drivers for B2B There are th