ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are times where some people will be prevented from working in a particular company because they could not leave the house. For example, a mom of two or more kids will really find it hard to manage the time of working while taking care of the needs of her children. This is the very reason why home sourcing or work-from-home schemes are becoming really popular. In fact, it was found out that in America alone, there is a continuously growing number of Americans, some 20 million right now, who do at least some of their work at home. We’re not just talking about telecommuters who work for companies that give them the flexibility to work from home (Brooks, 2005). We’re also talking about a new, un-tethered workforce, made of contract workers, consultants, and freelancers. Thanks to cell phones and broadband, they have flexible schedules and their homes are also their offices. But there are a number of advantages and disadvantages when one prefers to work from home. As for the pros or the advantages, the list includes (Bostick, 2004):  1. Travel to and from work is eliminated. This produces a domino effect because, with the need to commute to and from work, the person himself can save money for gas, car maintenance, and other utilities. It can also save him time and energy as he does not need to wake earlier to prepare himself (take a bath, change clothes, etc.)  2. No need to worry about dress codes. Most people who are now working from home have admitted that they normally work wearing their pajamas and they do not worry about what their boss or co-workers might think about their looks (as there is no one that can see him/her while working).  3. Flexible time and work pace. People who work from home are normally given deadlines and it doesn’t matter when or how they do it, what is important is that they will be able to provide the needed output in the set schedule.  4. Better health. People who work from home need not worry about pollution and other work hazards and stress. In fact, most of them revealed that they become healthier when they started their home sourcing jobs. They have more control of their time and of themselves. They have lesser worries. Indeed, it can be summarized that those who can work this way and can afford to work this way often lead pretty comfortable lives. But there are still some negative sides to working from home. For many others, health insurance is expensive, retirement benefits non-existent, which can make life precarious (Brooks, 2005). Other disadvantages include:  1. Lack of social interaction. When one works from home, he just normally work
Without communication, my group cannot achieve its objectives since the behaviors of one of the group members with poor listening skills will affect the spirit of teamwork and cooperation. If employed appropriately, effective communication will play a critical role in resolving differences in our group, building faith and esteem, creating an atmosphere for idea development, and enabling problem solving. Many individuals in groups have never paid attention to several aspects of communication and they end up underperforming because the information they pass is always misinterpreted leading to conflicts and disappointments at personal and professional levels. To facilitate understanding in my group, members should be urged to take an extra effort since it does not simply rely on exchanging information, but instead it depends on understanding the message (Barker 76). If applied effectively, communication has the potential of deepening interpersonal connections, which has an impact on the performance of the group, as it facilitates cooperation, decision-making, and problem solving. In fact, an employee is able to pass negative messages without eliciting harsh reactions if he or she employs effective communication. Communication is a combination of various skills, including non-verbal and listening skills. Listening is the most important aspect of communication and calls on the group members to focus entirely on the narrator, avoid unnecessary interventions, and keep off from judgments. By paying attention to what is said, negative emotions can be relieved since the individual will feel appreciated. Moreover, it saves time and provides a safer environment for individual fulfillment. For a member with problems listening to the views of others, several steps have to be taken to improve the situation, as his or her interruptions might end up causing conflicts, which at times might lead to the collapse of the discussion. To ensure the member participates in the group discussion effectively, the facilitator should develop ways through which the stubborn individual will be given the chance to speak out his feelings with an aim of assisting the group understand the source of conflict that always influence him to interfere with discussions. Through this, the group will develop stronger and deeper connections that enable understanding and peaceful resolution of conflicts. Again, the member might be dissatisfied with the way things are handled in the group, which means other members should be instructed to create a safer environment that facilitates individual fulfillment whereby ideas are expressed freely, opinions are shared easily, and individual feelings are understood (Downs 67). For some individuals, they disrupt meetings because their information processing capabilities are low. In case the stubborn member fa
Why Genzyme looks forward to setting up a joint venture with GelText rather than buying an equity share The joint share between Genzyme and GelText was a co-operation between the two companies thus; both aimed at working together for the sake of their partnership. If Genzyme would have bought equity shares, that would have been just that, an exchange of shares for the facilitation of GelText to launch its first product, Renagel. Buying GelText’s equity shares enables Genzyme to possess a mere number of shares in GelText. Genzyme would therefore not have the privilege of having an equal share from GelText. It would only benefit from profits based on its equity share value (Fenn, Liang and Prowse 133-140). A joint venture with GelText on the other hand was associated with more benefits for Genzyme. A joint venture is a form of partnership where parties involved have an equal share in the partnership business. It would help Genzyme increase revenue. Genzyme would have a 50% interest in GelText thus, would be entitled to en equal share of profits. The sale of Renagel would be part of Genzyme investment hence, increasing earnings of Genzyme from its sales. This venture would also enable Genzyme to tap fresh markets for its specialty therapeutics. Genzyme would be involved in the marketing organization for Renagel. By so doing, it will be killing two birds with the same stone as it would also be tapping new markets for its therapeutic products. This way, Genzyme would continuously benefit from increased sales. The venture would be a pathway for Genzyme to strike another similar deal for the second product belonging to GelText, CholestaGel. This second product would have a much larger market segment with regard to anti-cholesterol drugs. The joint venture would be a factor to consider during GelText’s launch of its second product. The joint venture would make it possible for GelText to include Genzyme in this launch incase capital investment was necessary. As a result, Genzyme would continue to benefit from the joint venture unlike if; it had bought equity shares from GelText (Jacquet 1-3). Timing of GelText’s fundraising It was a good idea for GelText to go about the fundraising process before the approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This is because; GelText will already have established a starting point for the launch of its business by the time FDA approves the drug. Renagel had already gone through all the six distinct stages required for a drug before it reached the market place. What had remained was the approval of the FDA. The step taken by GelText to approach Genzyme was healthy as it showed that the company was set to go. Therefore, when the FDA got to approve the drug, there would be no wastage of time. As shown in Exhibit 2 in the Genzyme case study (12), Renagel was already in phase III trial and there was a high probability that it would go through FDA filing and obtain FDA approval. Consequently, the next move would be to launch the drug since all the necessary plans and strategies would be in pla
Animated films are a significant source of entertainment in American history. Creative and imaginative filmmakers have played a huge role in ensuring the field remains relevant and interesting. American animation has undergone several transitions as technology evolves. This research paper will analyze the golden age in the history of American animation. This is the age that begins from 1928 and ends in the late 1960s. During this period, the American cartoons were characterized by sounds as previously, animations were silent (Fischer 67). However, the period gradually ended due to the introduction of television animation. In the golden age, the theatrical version of animated films which were short, had gained much popularity. Conversely, the theatrical films were slowly overtaken by television animation due to the low cost of production and the use of an animation style that was more limited. Many cartoon characters emerged during the golden age of American animation. Such characters include Mickey and Minnie Mouse, Tom and Jerry, Felix the Cat, Snow White and the seven dwarfs, Terry toons’ Mighty Mouse and Daisy Duck, among others (Langer 36). These characters continued to be used as the field evolved increasing their popularity. The animation films that continue to be produced still feature these characters as they are significantly embraced. Moreover, feature-length animated films were gradually introduced during the golden age period. A feature-length film runs continuously for an average of 40 minutes (Lerner 122). In addition, the animation must be on display for more than 75 percent of the films’ running period in the animated film (Wells 19). In a narrated animation, the film must have a high number of primary characters animated. Some of the feature-length animations at the time were Snow White and the seven dwarfs and The Jungle book (Fischer 67). Short animation films lost popularity as feature-length animations grew during the golden age. Research Question To thoroughly analyze the golden age of animated films, the following research questions were formulated. General Research Question What led to the success of animated films during
SAS is a privately-owned creator of software in the globe. It was ranked as the finest company to work in, owing to their drive to provide customers with the greatest business methodical technology and sustenance. The company has a user friendly HR strategy which provides technology applications enabling its customers to navigate easily and capitalize in the challenges and opportunities faced in their business life. The company has its own balanced scorecard solution which includes a planned and HR vision software. The measurement of HR strategies is the best starting point to deal with an economy where value creation is dominated by human capital and some assets which are indefinable. Strategy is part of their goal, enabling the organization to learn how to lever the knowledge to their advantage. Combining strategy and analytics has remarkably made the organization make informed decisions concerning the welfare of its customers (Cary and Lincoln 2000). The organization provides its employees with balanced lives which eventually lead to business and adept technology which can be appreciated. An environment that inspires the employees is offered, allowing them to build long-term relationships with their customers and focus in solving their economic troubles. As a result, SAS gleaned greater value from the huge volumes of data they collect resulting in their being the leader in business analytics. SAS enables its customers to turn vast quantity of data into usable knowledge in a supportive, encouraging and empowering culture. The employees create hours that they feel work best for them, and they end up feeling like a family. It is possible for another firm to adapt to the culture of SAS. Creating a family-like environment for its employees is influential in increasing the productivity of employees. Conflicting HRM practices Conflicting practices in HRM is one of the reasons of lack of total performance in any organization. There are two levels that HRM is concerned with; the recruitment, motivating and developing of competent employees, and the assignment of conflict management. A level of conflict is usually experienced in many organizations hence the HRM specialist must formulate methods to eliminate or alter the conflict that arises (Campbell, Macklin & Pinnington 2007). The conflicts usually involve achieving targets of production against representing the interests of the workforce. Achieve a balance between the two is indeed a hard task in this time of political and economic reforms. Recommendations Organizations must understand that the endowment and commitment of their staff and managers are their greatest assets. There must be structural challenges in the organization which must ensure that the workforce of the organization get recognition for their work. Managers must posses principled negotiating and counseling skills in order to handle issues of vacancies, transfer and voluntary retirement of employees. Local management enlightening and
A summary of the paper shows that the debate focuses on the impact of implementing a diversity training program to fight workplace discrimination. Organisations implement diversity training programs as an afterthought when they have lost cases of employee discrimination. The paper discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and the practical implications of the diversity training program using different and practical examples. The advantages of workplace diversity programs include the ability to transform individuals to enrich their knowledge, respond to social needs, improve intra-group and interpersonal relationships, address personal prejudice, avoid impulse management, practice personal accountability, improve problem solving abilities, become a better workforce, plan well, and attain greater levels of complexity for the organisation to achieve competitive advantage in its operations (Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, Porter & Ng 2001). According to DeFour, David, Diaz and Thompkins (2003, p.34), the disadvantages of the diversity training program include the people’s poor perspectives on culture and diversity, which increases stereotyping and fosters feelings of racism among employees. According to Zeidner, Matthews and Roberts (2004, p.45), the academic perspective of the debate from the side of employee is based on the heterogeneity and identity of a diverse workforce, which from a practical perspective is influenced by the behavior and interactions among organisational employees. The underpinning factors include leadership, comparative values, demographics, organisational culture, comparative attitudes, conflicts, individual psychology, and social psychology and their impact on workplace discrimination. Adopting the diversity training program could have an effect on the approach organisations use to retain a pool of talented employees, their recruitment and retention capabilities and the effect on innovation, strategy accomplishment, and individual complexity. Here, the manager’s perspective is based on the views by Salin (2003, p.1213), Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee and Podsakoff (2003, p. 900), and Mavin and Girling (2000, p.430) who argue that the role of the manager is to implement programs to empower people with the right attitudes and knowledge at organisational, group, and individual levels to fight and overcome workplace discrimination. According to Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, Porter and Ng (2001, p. 435), the next perspective is anchored on the organisational response to the impact of the legal and political environment, which introduce diversi
Effectiveness of the current employee orientation system From the case study, the current employee orientation system is devoid of nursing ethics as seen in the behaviour of the intern nurse towards a patient. The intern nurse was not passed through proper organization communication ethics on the expected behaviour within the standard code of conduct for practising nurses. The art of communication is effective when conducted clearly within the organization encode and decode channels. Organizations function best when this system is perfect. Therefore, successful organizations manage communication continuously (Escrig-Tena, Bou-Llusar, Beltran, & Roca-Puig 2011). The practice of information management involves the science of processing information to facilitate informed decision making among personnel. Unfortunately, though the system may be functional in the case study scenario, there is a strong possibility that new employees or interns are not properly given orientation on organization communication ethics and expectations. Sadly, despite complaint from previous supervisor about the rudeness and unbecoming behaviour of the intern nurse, the issue was not addressed within the confines of organization communication ethics. In fact, the intern nurse repeated the same behaviour (Andreadis 2009). Apparently, it is possible that there is no compulsory periodic training of the staff on the vital aspects of handling the patients and remaining professional within the duty of care act. An ethical orientation system that adopts a participatory approach in design internalises the aspect of responsibility of the staff is lacking. As a result, it is very difficult to address the importance of avoiding negligence before a personnel is released to serve patients. This aspect will eliminate the ignorance exhibited by the intern nurse who displays unprofessional behaviour towards patients. Through participatory information system training, the staff will be equipped with relevant and necessary skills for taking personal responsibility for every patient within the duty of care act. In the participatory information design model, the staffs are liberated to understand how the system works and the consequences of carelessness on their part. Any employee orientation plan should not aim to disseminate any particular message, as its core purpose is to improve communication between the organisation and emplo
Introduction Education is a very important aspect of the life of every person. It is possible to say that under modern conditions, it is a very important factor which influences the life and career of a person and helps him/her to achieve success. However, much also depends on the quality of education and methods which were used in order to teach a person. With this in mind, it is possible to say that different methods and approaches should be used for a person to be able to choose the best possible variant for him/her to understand the information better. However, another question appears. Very often, scientists argue which method can be called the most efficient and should be used as the main during the process of teaching (Williams para. 1). With this in mind, it is possible to analyze two different approaches to books used by teachers and students. Arguments for simple textbooks There is an opinion in a scientific society that all textbooks used by students should be written in a very simple language. There are several reasons for this statement. First of all, the information presented in this way is supposed to be more understandable for a person and, that is why he/she does not have to make a lot of effort to remember it. Moreover, the textbook of this sort is easier to read as the absence of some complicated words and structures leads to an increase in the speed of understanding. Additionally, textbooks of this kind can be used by nonnative speakers as the level of knowledge needed for it is much lower (“Book VS textbook?” para. 4). Arguments for complicated books However, there is also another point of view on this issue in society. Some specialists think that only books that are written in good, clear, and complicated language should be used in the process of study. Adherers of this idea also support their statement with good evidence. First of all, reading a book of this sort, a person can enrich his/her vocabulary, which is very important for an educated man. Moreover, analyzing the information presented in an unu
Introduction Building preparedness toward possible disasters is one of the key requirements for ensuring safety of a community. However, to compile an effective emergency response plan, (ERP), knowing the characteristics of the target community and its location is essential (Essential components of emergency management plans at community health centers: Crosswalk of plan elements, 2009). By considering the key geographical, economic, financial, sociocultural, and environmental properties of Philadelphia, PA, and the population inhabiting the specified area, one will be able to create a coherent ERP. Due to the presence of natural threats, such as tropical cyclones and ice storms, as well as anthropogenic hazards, such as unstable structures and pollution, it is advised to increase interagency coordination, as well as support for and communication with Philadelphia citizens. Analysis Emergency Types As a rule, two main emergency categories are typically identified for the risk analysis, namely, anthropogenic, human-made, and natural ones. According to Kolakowski’s (2020a) report, Philadelphia is currently represented by both to a similar extent. Namely, the city is highly prone to cyclones and ice storms, which occur regularly due to the specifics of the local humid subtropical climate (Kolakowski, 2020a). Specifically, among natural emergencies, Philadelphia is especially prone to floods that are common for the subtropical climate type (National Incident Management System, n.d.). These include the categories of flash floods such as riverine ones, street runoffs, groundwater, and basement backups (Kolakowski, 2020a). Due to immense storms and overflooded sewers, water trickles through walls and into basements of Philadelphia houses, thus causing a community crisis (Philadelphia Office of Emergency Management, 2020). Therefore, seasonal flush floods should be seen as one of the major risk categories. In addition, Philadelphian residents are also prone to anthropogenic disasters. Namely, several instances of fire have been registered lately (Kolakowski, 2020b). Similarly, the city has been suffering from the dangerous waste produced by local manufacturing facilities; specifically, lead poisoning has been the source of concern for Philadelphia citizens for several decades (Dignam, 2019). Finally, instances of mass shootings, terrorism, and similar threats have become a common point of discussion in Philadelphia recently (Abe, 2020). The described issues raise a range of concerns, primarily, regarding the necessity to build preparedness toward a variety of possible scenarios, which suggests a complicated learning process. Conduct a Hazard and Vulnerability Analysis Analyzing the hazards mentioned above, one should admit that some of them take priority over others (see Fig. 1). For instance, among natural hazards, the problem of flooding as a seasonal concern needs to be addressed urgently ( Hazard Identification Vulnerability Analysis (HIVA), n.d.). Likewise, the problem of dilapidated structures within the