ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Operations management is a type of management which focuses on the production of the goods and services. The field faces challenges that vary in its causes or consequences. It is one of the most complicated areas of management as it directly connects to revenue of the company, sales, and risks that the company might confront. One of the fundamental issues for the operations management is a lack of knowledge about the customers of the company. The problem relates to a situation when the company cannot meet the demand of the buyers, or it exceeds it (Li, 2014). The ineffective companies have some issues with organizing the internal structure. For example, the business might have a functional type of structure without adequate communication between the departments (Plambeck, 2013). Hence, the company needs to change its structure to the divisional to improve cooperation between employees and separate divisions. Many businesses do not realize the core of a specific problem and try to adapt to the external factors rather than investigating internal issues (Plambeck, 2013). The operations management problems might reflect inner issues of the company. Typically, the product with its quality, durability, and sales numbers can show the internal flaws of the business. Furthermore, the operations management also reveals whether the company has reliable partners and suppliers. In many situations, the poorely functioning organization does not have high-quality raw materials because of the supplier (Bala, 2014). It is a long and serious procedure to find a reliable partner in business; however, some inconsiderate businesses use the first supplier they meet to receive the necessary resources. However, the basis for the product lies within the quality of materials, and it is necessary to spend time and money in order to find the competent partner (Bala, 2014).
Historical background The Iliad by Homer is more of myth art than factual historical happening. It considered as has a great Greece mythology. It is known to have contributed greatly to the western civilization (Kershaw 34). More often, the Iliad is referred to as the Song of Ilion. It is an ancient Greek poem and its setting is on the Trojan War in which the Troy city was blockaded for 10 years. Troy is a union of several Greeks states. The poem seeks to illustrate on the battles between Agamemnon the King and the warriors Achilles. The famous Iliad poem is one of the oldest literatures in the western nations. Actually, no one can exactly tell the precise time during which the poem was written. Little is known concerning its author. Some books assert that the composition is dated back to around 8 century BC. However, current statistical models grounded on language evolution indicate that the literature was written between 760 and 710 BC. The literature is made up of about 15693 verse lines and is written in Homeric, which is a Greek language that emerged from a combination of Greek and other dialects. The Iliad poem only covers a brief final week of the Trojan War. Homer’s works have influenced several poets such as Shakespeare, Milton, and Chaucer over centuries. Over 2700 years the Iliad has remained the greatest war story in the West. The summary of the book It is notable that Iliad myth has undergone several changes over centuries. The original Homer’s story has been greatly interfered and readers should be careful while reading it. The Iliad story begins at almost the end of the Trojan War during besiege by the Greeks (Fagles & Bernard 3). We encounter a cleric by the name Chryses who gives out some possessions to the Greeks in exchange for her daughter, Cheryseis, who had been imprisoned by Agamemnon. Agamemnon was the Greek leader. Unfortunately, Agamemnon rejects the offer. Thereafter, Chryseis prays to Apolo who sends plaques to devour the Greek army. Later, Achilles the leader of Myridon calls a meeting to find a solution to the plaques. The pressure of the plaques forces Agamemnon to release Chryseis and takes Achilles Breseis as compensation (Lombardo 57). The Odysseus takes Chryseis via ship to her father. Thereafter, Achilles and his men declare not to fight anymore for Agamemnon and retreats to their homes. Apolo ends the plaque when Chryseis reunites with her father. Later, Achilles requests his mother, Thetis, to negotiate for the intervention of the Trojans from the hands of Eam Zeus. Zeus agrees and through a dream, he urges Agamemnon to attack the city. Agamemnon accepts the plea; however, he hesitates to test Greek army’s morale. The plan fails and it takes the intervention of the Odysseus who confronts and beats the ordinary soldiers. This leads to the deployment of companies by the Greeks onto the Trojan plain. King Priam soldiers attend the occasion. On the plains, they meet with the Greeks. Before the armies approached each other, Paris terminates the war. In turn, he fights a duel with Menelaus as suggested by his bro
Introduction Culture refers to people’s way of life and is subdivided into norms, Values, Beliefs, attitudes and cognitive mapping. Culture is shared and it changes over time. Culture change is driven by globalization among other forces. Barnard et al (2005) define globalization as a series of processes, including diffusion and acculturation working to promote change in a world in which nations and people are increasingly interlinked and mutually dependent. Simply put, globalization refers to the tendency towards increasing interconnection in culture, economy and social life. Promoting such linkages are economic-political forces, along with modern systems of transportation and communication. The forces of globalization include international commerce, travel and tourism, transnational migration, the media, and various high-tech information flows. This essay will therefore focus on the roles the aforementioned forces have played in changing the culture of the Maasai. Specific examples will be provided where applicable. Discussion The Maasai people are found in east Africa mainly in Tanzania and Kenya (“Maasai People, 2009”). They live along the Great Rift Valley mostly in the arid and semiarid zones. The Maasai are pastoralists and they keep cattle, goats and sheep and thus animals make up their subsistence economy. Animals are owned by men yet they are reared by women and children. In addition, the Maasai is a polygamous society and their social structure embraces a patriarchal system. They do not have a formal political system since they are headed by a council of elders who make vital decisions on behalf of the community. Amin et al (1987, pg. 55) note that ‘the Maasai social organization is anchored on an age-set system.’ A Maasai graduates from one age set to another one throughout life. For instance, we have children who have very little to do for society, Morans or Il-murran who are the warriors and their duty is to defend the community, young married adults and old adults who participate in the council of elders meetings. One joins a new age set after undergoing a rite of passage which is a form of initiation. A passage from childhood to adulthood is a very important rite of passage in society. It is marked by an elaborate circumcision ceremony whereby both boys and girls who are of age are circumcised. The concept of private ownership was non-existence in the early days (“Maasai People, 2009”). The land was communally owned and everyone was free to graze his animals in any region that had pasture in plenty. The land was owned by a clan and thus no one would have claimed its ownership. Communal ownership ensured free movements of livestock, especially during the dry season. The Maasai live in a manyatta which is made up of semi-permanent houses which are specifically built by women. The livestock spends the night in a kraal which is fenced using acacia thorns in order to prevent lions from attacking animals at night. One of the greatest Maasai traditions involves cattle rustling. This is a perfected art whereby the Moran breaks into their neighbor’s kraal at night and runs away with their cattle. This is accepte
Introduction US gasoline prices are steadily rising up. The fast-rising began in March this year and rose up to 40 cents per gallon for the last 6 weeks. Americans spent over 26 billion dollars more just on gasoline during the first 9 months of the 2004 year, than was spent the year before, in the same period of time. According to Energy Department, this is a 16 percent increase. The United States is the second world producer of gas after Russia. Almost 85 percent of the gas comes from domestic wells. Main body It is interesting, that some of the reasons for the gas price boost are uniquely American. So what are they? The problem is that in 2005, many of the numerous petroleum companies announced that they want to remove methyl tertiary-butyl or shortened MTBE from their gasoline. Companies are saying that such a decision was driven by State bans because of water contamination problems. So now they have to make a rapid change from methyl tertiary-butyl to ethanol, which will cost more money for a normal consumer. The other reason is inflation. For the last couple of years, the dollar became weaker on the world markets. How can this affect gas prices? Gas is priced in dollars. Whenever the dollar is becoming cheaper, then other currencies are becoming stronger. So for example, if a gallon of gas costs 10 dollars and 8 euros, and the dollar becomes cheaper, then automatically euro will cost 10 percent more. So basically, you will need 7.2 euros to buy a gallon. As foreigners buy more gas, the demand is rising, and it automatically rises up the price in dollars. So in the US, it seems that the price is going up quite rapidly, while in other countries, mostly Europe and Asia the price is not going up that often or even stays the same. Also as people becoming more worried about inflation, they start to invest more money in oil, which is boosting up the demand and prices. So as a result we may state that inflation is indirectly affecting the gas price, by rising it up. Conclusion Another reason and I think the most important one, is that gas is naturally a non-renewable fossil. It is extracted from the ground for more than a century. For the last year drilling of natural gas increased by about 25 percent. The conservations of this fossil are slowly disappearing. And according to the law of business, the less amount of product can be provided – the more it will cost. According to this theory, gas prices will never go down, but instead, they will keep rising up every year.
Following the apostles’ activities of preaching and healing, the Jews became furious and decided to execute them. They were arrested and brought before Sanhedrin where they were questioned on the reasons that made them continue preaching the name of Jesus despite the warning they had received. The apostles answered that according to their belief they are commanded to obey God and not man. This statement was not received well by the Jews, and they decided to put the apostles to death. Gamaliel, having critically analyzed the apostles’ teachings, found that there was some truth in what they were teaching. They could heal and drive away demons. There were cases when the apostles were arrested, only to be released later when it was discovered that the God they preached was superior to the extent of intervening on their behalf. Gamaliel was a teacher of the law who was obeyed by many (Masters 1995, p.16). On the arrest of the apostles, he stood and cautioned the Jews about their actions. In Acts 5:39, he warned them that if the teachings from the apostles really came from God, their action of subjecting them to death will not be a fight against the apostles only but will also be a fight against God. He asserted that if they were teaching from God’s teachings, killing them would not stop their effort at preaching the gospel (The Holy Bible, 2008). Gamaliel’s advice was seen to work for the good of the Christian church which was still young at the time. Having been persuaded by Gamaliel, the Jews decided to punish the apostles and let them go. They were subjected to beating and allowed to leave. However, this did not deter the apostles from going on with their activities of preaching and teaching God’s word. To them, suffering as a result of preaching the word of God was worthy. They believed that by suffering due to their activities, they would be rewarded as promised in the bible (Masters 1995, pp. 17-36). For Peter, he believed that nothing in this world elevated a Christian’s level of service in his or her lifetime than suffering due to preaching the word of God. This made him to have the courage to go house- to- house preaching and encouraging many to accept the word of God. According to the bible, those who suffer because of the word of God get the spirit of God. This word made them have courage to continue preaching the gospel. The more the apostles preached the gospel, the more the number of those who converted increased. They engaged in the activity of helping the needy such as the widows. The need to cater for the w
The article by Eleanor Bader presents emotional anecdotal evidence of people from all walks of life and situations experiencing homelessness while struggling to obtain an education. To many, education stands as the only opportunity for a better life and stability. The number of homeless students is increasing due to rising costs of living and the lack of programs aimed at assisting this vulnerable population. The issue of homelessness for students is rare but becoming a more visible issue. As housing is a basic need in the modern world, providing safety, hygiene, and a workspace; it is necessary for a successful education. However, anecdotal evidence, mainly from educational institutions of poor urban communities, suggests that more people are afflicted. People such as single parents, migrants, and those facing abuse are just some of the examples that education staff encounters each year. These students are more likely to suffer academically. As access to education continues to expand, there are more likely instances of students facing homelessness. Inflation and economic instability are causing the rise of costs around the United States for basic housing needs, food products, and services (such as transportation) which are essential for survival. The average costs of renting housing in urban centers exceed the federal minimum wage threefold, which is unrealistic for students to maintain part-time jobs while studying. There is an inherent myth that students should be able to support themselves while in college. That may have been true decades ago, but rising costs are putting tremendous pressure on family budgets, even those with a stable income. This stereotypical perspective creates a problem as well by shaming homeless students to hide their status or go to extreme means to upkeep a particular image. College demographics have changed significantly with broader access to higher education, serving people from various communities, and social statuses. “Nontraditional students–the older, returning ones as well as those from low-income or other disenfranchised communities–often receive fewer tangible support services than they would like” (Bader). Smaller and community level colleges do not have the endowment or federal support that larger institutions get. Therefore, there is often a lack of funding to provide aid. At any level of education, it becomes unprofitable for the administration to implement systemic assistance programs. Meanwhile, these students often lack the guidance or qualifications to receive government financial aid which is infamously captious. This puts many people in difficult financial situations and faced with homelessness. The counter-argument to an increasing number of homeless stu
The human body consists of an uncountable amount of living cells. Normal cells grow then divide into new ones, dying in the end. Cancer can appear when normal body cells begin to grow at an abnormal rate. The growth rate of cancerous cells is different from one of the normal cells because instead of dying, they continue growing to create new cells. Moreover, these abnormal cells are also able to invade other tissues within a human body, a quality that is not possible for healthy cells (American Cancer Society Melanoma Skin Cancer 1). Skin Cancer There are two different types of skin cancer: non-melanoma skin cancer, which is considered very common and not very serious, and the malignant melanoma that is considered serious but less common than non-melanoma cancer. Melanoma skin cancer begins in melanocytes and can appear anywhere on the skin, but the most prevalent areas are neck and face, the legs in females and chest, and back in males. Melanoma can also easily for in other parts of the body, although these cases are far less spread. Non-melanoma skin cancer, or otherwise called basal and squamous cell skin cancer, is the most common type of skin cancer. However, it rarely spreads to other parts of the body and is usually less concerning as it is treated differently to melanoma. The Structure and Function Relationship in the Body Skin cancer is very often considered a disease connected with the cell cycle, although it is not actually the case, as cancer cells can easily grow and divide. The actual problem is understanding why the cancerous cells grow and divide while healthy cells do not. Simply put, skin cancer is a disease closely connected with cell growth control or with the checkpoint system. Modern scientists are trying to develop a medication that will affect the checkpoint system of cancer cells, as without it, the cancer cells can die ( The Theme of Regulation in the Cell Cycle, Cellular Growth, and Cancer 8). Current Research The recent research conducted by the American Cancer Society suggested that there are two different ways UV rays cause skin cancer. The first way is connected with exposure to the sun in childhood. Such early exposure to the sun causes changes in DNA that then can cause further development of skin cancer. Some researchers speculate that this is the reason for melanoma on the legs and back, parts of the body that are not as exposed to the sun in adulthood. The second way is connected with skin cancer on the neck, face, and arms, areas often exposed to the sun in adults, especially in men. Moreover, scientists are exploring melanomas that start from UV exposure and the changes in DNA they cause in order to figure out whether they should be treated in different ways (American Cancer Society Melanoma Skin Cancer Overview 4). The Importance of Skin Cancer Awareness Raising awareness for skin cancer is important for two main reasons: taking some simple steps can prevent it, and at earlier stages, it is straigh
Nowadays, millions of people cannot live without education. Education helps to develop their professional and personal skills and becomes a significant criterion to be hired and have the desired jobs. However, not all people are actually fascinated by the topic of education. For example, during several years, an American journalist and writer Amanda Ripley avoided writing about education and believed that it was a soft theme compared to terrorism, health, or disasters. However, when she was asked to discuss the contributions of a new leader in one of the Washington schools, she became rather engaged in her research on the existing variety of education systems, approaches, and outcomes. The result of her investigations was the creation of a book The Smartest Kids in the World and How They Got that Way . Ripley’s book is not only an opportunity to compare the education systems of the United States, South Korea, Poland, and Finland, but also a good chance to understand the impact of such issues as poverty, teaching quality, and parental rigor on children and their development. Despite numerous reforms and academic improvements observed in the American education system or in any other country, it is wrong to neglect the fact that child poverty remains one of the most significant challenges for many families. With its multiple positive and negative characteristics, a learning process aims at one goal – to provide children with knowledge for free. Though the public education system is usually funded through the taxes in the USA, many families have a chance to know a real price of the American education. As a result, parents may use their low social statuses and incomes as the reasons for not to provide their children with higher education. Americans find it normal to say that they do not have enough money to provide their children with additional academic opportunities. At the same time, they can take another step, think about the alternatives, and use reforms (Zakar 169). If the Americans lack confidence and experience, they are free to observe the cases of other countries. Ripley offers to look at the conditions under which the children from different countries have to live. For example, in the USA, 20% of children are defined as poor, and, in Finland, only 6% of child poverty is observed (Ripley 6). However, in Poland, more than one million children live in poverty, and Korean children have to deal with poverty problems day by day. Instead of waiting for someone to fix poverty in these countries, the citizens make decisions to improve their education systems and continue developing even under poverty epidemic (Ripley 64). In other words, instead of complaining that poverty is the challenge of higher education, it may be considered as a good motivational factor for children, as well as for their parents and teachers. A learning process can be of different forms and lead to a number of outcomes depending on teachers’ involvement and understanding of their tasks. The quality of teaching is an important factor in the education system of any country. Still, Ripley, as well as many other writers and researchers, believes that th