ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
“Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)” tries to elucidate the reasons why individuals perform certain actions (Ajzen 2005). This owes to the intent to carry out such actions, which depend on the person’s beliefs, as well as societal forces and alleged capabilities. Haven-Tang states that TPB echoes the simplicity or trouble that an individual attaches to the routine of the necessary behavior depending on the previous experience and present obstacles (Haven-Tang 2005). The theory postulates that the behavior can be both deliberative and designed. Theorists assert that human action depends on “behavioral, normative and control” viewpoints. Several businesses use this theory to improve on quality of services, since they are important in various projects. Behavioral principles may result into either constructive or unfavorable stance towards a behavior. Normative belief leads to professed social behaviors, while control deals with the jeopardy associated with the action that a person undertakes. Therefore, it means that a person would always perform a behavior that is more complimentary, subjective and control (Armitage & Christia 2004). Service quality, as a variable, has close relationship with the TPB. This is factual because the company would improve the quality of its services when it targets the attitudes, perceived norms, and control. Management should always instill high levels of approaches in their workers so that they may improve on the services. Subjective practices and alleged controls should also accompany this strategy since this would lead to high services to customers (Ajzen 2005). Bansal and Taylor outline that TPB is capable of illuminating the client provider changing behavior. The interrelation between the alleged behavioral control and intentions are imperative forecasters of switching (Bansal &Taylor 2002). Akao (2004) exemplifies that the attributes of TPB incorporate merchandise quality, which show the ability of an entity to meet set quality targets. Apparently, the ability to attain stipulated goals derives its basis on the behavioral perspectives in a setting. Failure to embrace the right practices often culminates in reduced quality. Additionally, Akao indicates that the quality component evident in a setting often focuses on attaining mass production while ensuring that the quality is ascertained. In order to attain quality, it is crucial to incorporate it in all stages of development. Other pertinent concerns related to merchandise quality entail assurance processes, which focus on regulatory processers (Bansal &Taylor 2002). Concurrently, communicating quality aspects to participants ultimately improves the facets of planned behavior. Merchandise quality is equally tenable through the deployment process, which characterizes activities. Dunne and Lusche (2007) illustr
The eighth paragraph of David Dockery’s Faith and Learning discusses the New Criticism in Literary Christian Theory. The main feature of this perception of the literary text is that the reader should not look for the secret meaning of the writer (Dockery 281). Thus, the perception of the reader himself did not play a role because the meaning of the text was entirely consistent with what was written. The paragraph also discusses poststructuralism and deconstruction. Both phenomena are explained by the dynamism of literary theory, including within the framework of New Criticism. Poststructuralism and Reconstruction emphasized the aesthetic belonging of the text and did not consider the ethical aspects. These movements also reinforced the overconfidence of critics to understand the meaning of the text correctly. The author also describes the attitudes of Christians themselves toward the New Criticism. Many of them saw it as a congenital form of literary criticism. The main reason for this was that many saw the practices of New Criticism and the practices of biblical exegesis as interrelated. In paragraph thirteen, the author discusses the relationship between Christianity and art. The author says that many Christian philosophers have always given the arts an important place in the life and learning of the Christian. Some of them also believed that creativity and imagination were a gift from God to men (Dockery 446). The text also emphasizes that the arts are necessary for people who want to strengthen their connection with God. Art played an essential role in the history of Christianity because it gave a visual representation of the lord’s teachings. The author also calls the craving for art the hallmark of Christians. At all times, parochial schools have had a place for art instruction. To this day, it holds an important place in the hearts of Christians around the world and serves to demonstrate the diversity of faith. Work Cited Dockery, David. Faith and Learning: A Handbook for Christian Higher Education . B&H Academic, 2012.
Introduction Thomas King’s “Borders” written in 1993 presents some episodes from the life of a female representative of Aboriginal Canadians who are proud of her native culture. The events described in this short story include the main character’s attempts to cross the border without lying about her national identity. The story deserves positive recognition since the author is successful in introducing a range of socially important topics such as the problems of minorities, generation-based differences, and conflicts within families. The Main Themes, Conflicts, and Lessons Learned It is widely known that different generations vary when it comes to the degree of cultural uniqueness and the willingness to respect their ancestors’ views on life and region-specific traditions. This idea is the key message of many literary works written by authors belonging to ethnic minorities, and King’s “Borders” is not an exception (84). Being a person of Cherokee origin, the author is concerned with discussing the problems of the First Nations, paying focused attention to cultural heritage, and the disadvantages of total assimilation (King 84). In “Borders”, the author illustrates this idea by telling about the mother who prefers speaking Blackfoot and rejects the idea that she “has to be American or Canadian” when entering the United States (King 90). The author is good at illustrating his ideas with the help of contrasts between different characters. For instance, according to Jansen, the mother and her son “fall into a legislative loophole” due to the woman’s attempts to make border guards see Blackfoot people as a separate nation (74). In contrast, her seventeen-year-old daughter Laetitia lives in the United States and manages to get across to the White majority (King 89). As for the woman’s teenage son who travels with her, he seems to be more open to assimilation, and this fact represents the conflict between different generations. Apart from presenting the mother’s attempts to cross the border without declaring herself as Ca
Governance Riordan Manufacturing is a global industry player in the production of plastic products. It currently has a labor force of over 540 workers and an estimated $45 million in annual incomes. The company generates creative plastic designs that are known worldwide. Riordan manufacturing is quite successful because it employs efficient quality control measures and precision measures in its operations. The company has a number of branches located in California, San Jose, Albany, Pontiac, Georgia, Hangzhou and Michigan. Riordan Industries, with over $1 billion in annual earnings, is the sole owner of the company. The major aim of Riordan Manufacturing is to attain and sustain sound earnings to enable it afford and retain human and financial capital needed for growth. However, the company must do more. For instance, it needs to make sure that its operations are modernized and upgraded via the adoption of advanced technologies (Shaik1). Riordan currently uses a manual process in its production and supply chain management. The manual process is applied right from the moment the company receives raw materials up to the time the final product is delivered to the client. The manual procedures are susceptible to human errors which, in the long term, may result to a rise in production cost, inventory loss and consequently a decline in profit margins. As of now, a hardcopy is used to record all raw materials and finished goods that are either stored or remitted to customers and the same information is send to several departments for processing. Thus, Riordan need to implement an online system that integrates and updates all data received from all departments for example, raw materials received, procured items, and the volume of final products send to customers etc. the company need to adopt a computerized barcode scanner to reduce human errors and enhance efficiency (University of Phoenix 3). The company also runs an inventory management and control plan that outlines precise procedures to be adhered to by all facilities with regard to receiving, production processes, and ultimate product shipping. However, it is worth to note that each plant has modified and implemented the plan in their production processes to match its unique conditions. For instance, the plant in Albany stores an emergency stock of specific raw materials if quick delivery is needed, whereas the Hang Zhou’s plant, which makes end products, keeps stocks of the end products until it is sold. However, these plants are facing myriads of problems. For example, apart from the storage outlays associated with keeping stock of raw materials, and end products, the Albany and Hang Zhou plants are also experiencing on-time delivery problems from their suppliers. This is due to the fact that the key features of the company’s MRP system focuses on procuring raw materials and inventory, bills of raw materials, scheduling production activities, storage, shipment, and payroll. It is thus vital that the company install an efficient MRP system that will reduce inventory costs that arise from keeping stock of emergency raw materials and products (Shaik 3). Enterprise and pro
Labor laws in many countries recognize the legality of a collective bargaining agreement, which basically entails the voluntary negotiation between employers and employees through their trade unions aimed at reaching agreements that functions to regulate employees’ working conditions in terms of setting standards for wages, working hours, grievance mechanisms, and other issues that may directly or indirectly affect employees (Lardy, 1999). The right to collectively bargain with an employer is also recognized by a multiplicity of international human rights conventions in large part for enhancing the employees human dignity, liberty and independence through allowing them the chance to influence the development and implementation of workplace rules and thereby giving them some control over a major facet of their lives, namely their work. As such, the workers had a legitimate grievance since the collective agreement, as explained above, gives them every right to protect their work interests, including resisting any attempts to render them redundant by taking away their jobs. The collective agreement duly signed by the workers’ union and the management of the hotel states that all work shall be carried out by the union members and, therefore, taking away the work normally done by the employees amounts to an abuse of a legally binding agreement. In addition, the collective agreement gives employees a framework through which they can air their grievances whenever they feel their interests are threatened (Holley et al, 2009). In this context, the employees had a legitimate grievance. The collective bargaining agreement underlines the need for liberty and fairness in employees’ dealing with the management in their work contexts (Lardy, 1999). However, the decision made by the previous supervisor to save payroll dollars by taking away the jobs of union workers not only infringed on their rights to influence the development of workplace rules, but it was taken in bad faith since the main objective was to enhance the bonuses accruing to the supervisors. This demonstrates that the decision taken by the previous supervisor was not fair and didn’t have the interests of the workers at heart as per the collective bargaining agreement. The right to involve workers who would later be affected by the decision and enshrined in the collective bargaining agreement was also ignored (Holley et al, 2009). As such, this situation could have been amicably solved by involving the concerned parties, including the management and employees, in discussions aimed at coming up with practical and workable solutions towards saving payroll dollars and increas
Introduction When faced with different conditions, various countries and even states have difficulties in defining security and insecurity due to the complexity behind these concepts. Due to security dilemma, these countries find it difficult to recognise an enemy and come up with a suitable technique to determine the magnitude of destruction likely to be caused by the enemy in case of an attack. Any country, irrespective of the defence mechanisms, can be subject to security dilemma; for instance, after the event that occurred on 11 September 2001, the United States faced a security dilemma that originated from the enemy and it could not be linked to a particular nation (Christensen 7-21). This aspect even made it quite difficult for the United States to identify the enemy, which created a new face by which various studies have been conducted about the concept of security dilemma and this paper seeks to define various ways through which a strong and a weak government can face security dilemma. The concept of security The concept of security depicts several factors that include economic, social, political, and environmental aspects. Currently, these ideologies form part of concerns of a particular country in this new century. When dealing with the subject of international relations, the concept of a country or a state’s security is quite significant (Cerny 117). However, the study of a state’s aspects of security and insecurity is quite crucial for it forms the basis through which sovereignty of states is ensured and evaluated. With security being the state at which different countries are at a position to maintain their identity and integrity with independence, safety of a nation against internal or external attacks should be a valuable issue (Jackson, Murphy, and Poynting 25). For a country or a state to be secure, it should be at a position to deal with fears and threats against it in an appropriate way. However, the concept of insecurity can be defined in different dimensions by different countries. The difference in interpreting the concept of security brings about security dilemma. Moreover, this aspect brings about a feeling of distrust and insecurity among countries. The concept of security dilemma Security dilemma depicts conditions under which increment in the powers vested upon one state or country can be interpreted as insecurity upon other countries. This assertion means that the systems implemented on international politics may be in favour of some states where such states benefit from the creation of more security at the expense of other countries. A strive to attain security after an attack through an increment of powers by one attack to defend itself against other countries depict some form of insecurity. This move is followed by a counter reaction from other states that also tend to increase their powers. Additionally, the aspect of competition in terms of units of power and the vicious cycle of the accumulation of power causes security dilemma that can easily spark wars among countries. However, there would be likelihood that none of the countries going into the
Globalization and advanced technology are changing the world at a very fast pace. The two components are intertwined since technology advancement in the 21 st century has led to increased globalization and now, the world is a global village. People from different regions of the world can share their divergent economic, social, cultural, political, and technological differences. In general, technology is now the driving force of globalization. This means that different cultures, products, ideologies, and opinions can be shared by people with different cultural diversity. Although globalization is associated with numerous benefits, it has also led to various problems in the society. For example, globalization also led to increase in terror attacks, displacement of certain careers, political unrests, increased competition, and erosion of different cultural beliefs. The paper seeks to critically analyse the problem(s) globalization will have to systems engineer in the modern future. Increased levels of globalization will negatively impact the career of a system engineer in the future. Globalization lacks a definite definition but it is used in reference to the amalgamation of political, cultural, social, technological, and economic forces of individual nationals, and how they affect society (Ray 1). Based on this definition, globalization will have an effect on virtually all the spheres of the society which influence individuals’ welfare and wellbeing. With regard to systems engineering, globalization will lead to increased competition in the workplace as corporations will be on the lookout for the best and most qualified candidates for the jobs available in the market (OECD 26). The increased competition will be catapulted by the fact that technology is no longer confined to a single nation. For example, the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and science) education program has become widespread in different nations as a result of globalization. Every year, systems engineers graduate from universities and technological colleges, resulting to increased competition in the workplace. Also, globalization has enabled engineering based firms to outsource system engineers with better technology, grades, and experience from other nations (Vest 2006). For instance, a U.S based firm like Google Inc. will be in a position to outsource system engineers from Japan, Korea or China because of the platform offered by globalization. This is a threat to the career of a systems engineer as he/she is required to compete not only at a national level but at an international level as well. It also implies that one will have to meet international standards to be able to get a job as a systems engineer. A system engineer is now required to embrace the latest technology that is being offered and also be in touch with the technological changes in the world. Information technology is changing on a daily basis due to the demand created by globalization. For instance, the mobile industry is one of the
In this theory, the level of self control exercised by individuals in the presence of a strong or a weak incentive to commit a crime explains why some people commit crimes while others do not. The inability to exercise adequate levels of self control produces people with impulsive behavior. These are the people who engage in criminal activities. People with low self control but are in circumstances where they are not able to participate in criminal activities have higher chances of not engaging in crime. But this does not mean that the inclination or potential for crime is not in them. On the same note, people with a fairly high sense of self control who are taken to environments where the temptation or pressure to engage in criminal activities is high may end up participating in criminal actions. This theory of self control makes sense and it is possible to explain most of the criminal activities that are taking place in society today. For example there is a tendency to think that the Hispanics and African Americans who are involved in criminal activities are inherently bad people whose genetic disposition makes them criminals. This is a fallacious argument that gets rendered irrelevant by the self control theory since it allows us to look at the environment in which these groups of people live. Most African Americans are poor after long periods of enslavement of their ancestors. As much as they may be having astronomically high levels of self control, the pressure of poverty pushes some of them into crime. The same applies to Hispanics. This is why I agree with the self control theory. Response to Jose’s Post I agree with the assumption that people with low impulse to commit crime will not commit crime while those with a high impulse to commit crimes will commit crimes. However the example you gave of fifty-fifty percent in committing crime and not committing crime is not clear. Also, on the issue of channeling the impulsiveness to useful areas like business and the housing market in particular, I do not agree at all. This is because people who do things on impulse will rush and invest money in risky areas where it is bound to lead to heavy losses. If the resources being invested belong to the family, then the family is going to become bankrupt. I instead think that such people should be carefully identified and directed to areas where the pressure to commit crime is low. For example if poverty is a source of strong pressure, then economic assistance to such individuals would be one of the ways to help them avoid crime. Response to Janette’s post T