ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Short tandem repeat (STR) is a molecular biology tool mainly exploited in forensic science to determine certain locations known as loci present on the nuclear material, DNA. STR sites exhibit remarkable polymorphism which offers a reliable platform for forensic investigations to differentiate the DNA profiles from one individual to the other. STR DNA analysis is made feasible through the utility of multiplex PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and fluorescent dye technology (Clayoton et al., 1998). This improved the automation of the process and accelerated the analytic determination of short tandem repeat loci (Clayoton et al., 1998). Ultimately, understanding the quality of types of alleles and quantity on the magnitude of band intensity has become easier (Clayoton et al., 1998). Hence, STR technology can be considered as the computing tool for assessing the extent of DNA amplification (Clayoton et al., 1998). STR DNA analysis has greatly permitted testing the identity in humans but on specific core regions of STR loci (John, 2006). These loci are reported to be extensively used for DNA typing (John, 2006). Today, many kits have been manufactured on a commercial basis to facilitate large-scale core STR loci amplification (John, 2006). Markers specifically related to the core autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR are utilized (John, 2006). The genome that makes up humans will be studied to physically identify every each STR locus (John, 2006). The physical site of such locus is then elucidated and the range of alleles and their variations thus observed in the pool of individuals are summed up (John, 2006). With the advancements in web technology, several internet links are available to gain deeper insights on core STR loci (John, 2006). Much emphasis was given to dissecting the genetic relationship between disease contributing genes and STR loci, evaluating the samples for ethnicity, and additional required features for STR loci to modify the existing core loci (John, 2006). The core STR loci developed provides a foundation for global databases of DNA and has future implications in the field of forensic science (John, 2006). Markers specific to STR were documented in the literature as indispensable tools for testing the identity in humans in the 1990s (John, 2006). Authorities such as Forensic Science Service (FSS) and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) were set up to investigate (John, 2006).FSS serves to identify novel loci and measure the variations among the population by employing several STRs as the candidates (John, 2006). Multiplex technology of FSS exploited for forensic casework focused on four important loci such as TH01, VWA, FES/FPS, and F13A1. Similarly, the loci identified for second-generation multiplex (SGM) were loci TH01, VWA, FGA, D8S1179, D18S51, and D21S11(John, 2006). STR projects were being set up and firms like Promega Corporation and Applied Biosystems. Promega Corporation has provided loci for FFFL multiplex (John, 2006). These include LPL, FES/FPS, F13 B, and F13 A1. Similarly, for the PowerPlex kit, the loci are D13S317, D5S818, D7S820, D16S539, VWA, TPOX, a
Introduction Education is a process of learning that needs well articulated systems to enable the learners to achieve their intended goals. This is a practice that is almost universal across the globe. It begins at infancy and perhaps never has an end in people’s lives. Scholars say that education is an endless process in people’s live because there is always something new to learn inconsiderate of age. It is important to note that there are two types of education; the natural learning process and the one taught in learning institutions. Infants are brought into the world completely oblivious of whatever is contained in it. In most occasions, it is the duty of parents to educate their babies on the basics of life including mother-languages and other simple practical activities like walking and sitting. On the other hand, there is the type of education that is only gotten in classes and in learning institutions like kindergartens, primary schools, high schools and institutions in higher learning. Education is a systematic process that requires an individual to first go through kindergartens to primary and high schools before he/she can eventually join an institution for higher learning; also called the university. It is imperative to note that those who go through the formal educations (students) must have successfully passed the previous stages of education before they are able to graduate to the next step. In the event that a person does not meet the required qualifications in a previous stage of education, he/she is normally compelled to rewind and attain the pass mark before being given the go ahead to continue (Herbst, 2007). Education plays an integral part of a country’s economic status. Learning institutions produce all the scholars, entrepreneurs, politicians, religious leaders and the overall society of a nation. For this reason, it is only wise that the education system within a country is drafted by intellects and monitored closely in order to realize the projected economic growth in the nation in question. This not only applies to the low levels of educati
Introduction There are several ways in which multiculturalism constructs, prescribes, and influences the scope freedom in the US. The government institutions and political regimes have been accused of allowing ‘marginalisation’ to excel in the acquisition and roles assigned to the citizens of the US on the basis of social identities. Many of the marginalisation scenarios in exclusionary freedom in the US on the basis of social identities will be discussed in details. At the beginning of these exclusionary freedom policies, the most affected groups were the Black American community, the Red Indians, and other minority groups that were controlled by Anglo-Saxon dominance (Kramer, 2002). At present, the minority migrant groups are still subjected to discrimination in exercising freedom in the US on the basis of their ethnicity, class, and sometimes labour status, though the discrimination is done silently. This analytical paper extends the racial contract theory, proposed by Charles Mills, to discuss how social issues such as class, race, and gender have resulted in struggle for freedom in America. The racial contact theory and history of freedom in the America The racial contact theory functions on the assumption that the hypothetical state of mankind in nature is inspired by the need to make a rational decision to supersede freedom for state protection in a civilized state (Kornblith & Murrin, 2005). The contract theory can be applied to citizen freedom because individuals have to give some of their freedoms for state protection. From a historical perspective, the foundation of the US citizenry freedom in identity was based on biased approach towards the male gender as being more superior and dominating over the female gender (Kramer, 2002). In the new society, women were mere servants to be dominated by the males as wives. This meant that the right to citizenry was controlled by the males in the society since the patriarchal position defined the status, rights, and general freedom of the women. Another important aspect in understanding the social contract is the assertion by Mills that racial discrimination has become a normal aspect of the freedom across the globe. In relation to the US society, the root of the US citizenship was founded on egalitarianism to different levels of equality for individuals making up a nation. This means that the blacks and other minority groups were ontologically eliminated by the virtue of belong to the minority race in the promise of the US ‘liberal modernity project’ (Kramer, 2002). The discrimination on the basis of race has dominated the exclusive freedom among Americans for several decades simply because the white citizens had a tyranny of numbers over the minority groups in political dispensation. After getting independence from the British colonizers, the young state of America assumed biased approach in enforcing laws to favour the white majority and the governance of the society was based on the principle of exclusionary ethics, which is
First section This article is about methodology for sustainability strategic planning and management. Its main purpose is to propose a framework that will intend to help organizations to achieve the sustainability goal by means of a methodology that integrates sustainability in both the planning and management tasks of the organization. In this case, the last factor serves as a base for the implementation of an information system aligned with the business strategy. This article comprises of exhaustive review of literature about corporate social responsibility, strategic planning of organizations and balanced scorecards (BSCs). Moreover, a methodology that has been developed describes the process of designing and implementing sustainability BSC for sustainability strategic planning and management. It also shows the following results that methodology can be easily implemented at companies with a minimum of computer resources, but managers play a key role in its success since they are responsible for providing the necessary environment for overcoming such an important change. Second section The key learning points in this article include the following issues that are mentioned below.  1. There should be a theoretical background comprising of Strategic planning, performance management systems and balanced scorecard, sustainable development, corporate sustainability and CSR.  2. There are also phases in sustainability strategic planning and management methodology which include planning the project, defining the enterprise mission statement, analyzing stakeholders, strategy definition, strategy implementation plan definition, design of indicators and targets, validation, SBSC implementation, and monitoring.  3. Moreover, the second section comprises a SSPM methodology validation which includes validation limitations, participant company and case description. Third section I agree with Bryson (1995) statement that management meeting its mandates and fulfilling the mission should result from strategic planning, which is defined as “producing fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what the organization is, what it does, and why it does it”. This is true because strategic planning is a way of establishing business direction and decision making, in addition to resource allocation. Strategic planning should ideally focus on management courses of action in relevance to the management’s set objectives in order to attain its goals and mission. I agree with (Porter, 1979) statement that the objective of the strategic planning processes is to design competitive strategies that enable the firm to find a position in the present environment and to go beyond perceptions of the current situation to distinguish the enterprise into the future because strategic planning is developed in manner that allows implementation of action plans (Mitchell & Wood, 1997). Also, it is true that environment is continually changing and strategic planning
Introduction Proper understanding of the various meanings considered ordinary is a vital task for multiple scientific fields. Several authors have discussed the methods of understanding common sense and its implementation in cultural discussions (Vähämaa 306). Even though it may be complicated to precisely define common sense, it bears special significance for people from different cultures. In this work, the accuracy of Frank Lloyd Wright’s statement will be demonstrated, and the evidence regarding this topic will be presented in relation to concepts of discursive meaning, signs, and societal regulation. Common Sense in The Short Story “The Ones Who Stay and Fight” In week 5, a remarkable statement was introduced, and it reads as follows: “There is nothing more uncommon than common sense” (Gendreau et al. 305). In my opinion, this expression is incredibly fascinating as it presents the contradictions created by the meanings of common sense in different cultures. Additionally, I will be discussing the opinion that I worked on for that week to explain the significance of this statement. I took part in Option C: “In Jemisin’s story: why Um-Helat’s way of living seems so shocking, so “no common sense?”, which covers the unusual way of life adopted by the citizens of Um-Helat. The description of a society formed in Um-Helat is exceptionally striking. Having found a way to eliminate other individuals causing destruction in their world, the citizens of this town chose to implement this strategy (Jesimin). In order to sustain peace and justice, the people decided to dispose of those who transfer dangerous and unwanted beliefs (Jesimin). In the European culture, this decision can be perceived as drastic, as it shatters various norms and regulations about crude behavior that are considered typical. Jemisin’s view on the influence caused by other world’s beliefs can be challenging to understand, as the decisions taken by that society differ significantly from the resolutions that would have been appl
Murals are a classical form of art known since Renaissance frescoes. Mexican artists of the twentieth century brought new life to murals popularizing and transforming them. The artists who represented the ideas of the Mexican Revolution, communism, and socialism, believed that art should be accessible to everyone. That is why the bare walls of urban architecture were the perfect mediator that helped to bring art into the masses. Socialists believed that social functions and purpose are the primary components of art, while aesthetic characteristics are secondary. América Tropical by David Alfaro Siqueiros, located in Los Angeles, is an outstanding example of a large-scale mural where the content is essential, and the form is secondary. According to Zamora, the full name of the artwork is translated from Spanish as “Tropical America oppressed and destroyed by imperialism” (118). The name represents the theme itself and explains why the mural received such a controversial reaction in the US. América Tropical is the manifest of Siqueiros’ political views and his position concerning Mexican and Latin American history during all the years after Columbus. Mexican Muralists: Rivera, Siqueiros, and Orozco The historical background for the transformational movement in art is the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 that initiated significant social changes. The revolutionists who fought against the 31-year-long regime believed in democracy, and supported the ideas of socialism and communism. Such ideas started the development of the Mexican cultural Renaissance. The central tendency of revolutionary art was its functionality, as artists believed that their work should serve humanity and make the lives of people better. Antiimperialistic themes that highlighted human suffering during the regime prevailed in the artworks of that era. Murals, as one of the major forms of revolutionary art, were popularized by the government of the country that promoted exterior frescoes in Mexico City and other cities of the country. As Stein explains, three main muralists of the era first gathered to complete a large-scale governmental task, which implied painting several murals with social content on the walls of the buildings in Mexico City (35). Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and Clemente Orozco were later called “the three great figures of modern Mexican art” (Oles 3). In 1922, they created the Syndicate of Technical Workers, Painters, and Sculptors, the organization lead by Diego Rivera that consisted predominantly of artists from the left political platform. They had similar approaches that focused on the supre
Currently, lobbyists or advocates are significantly influencing the changes and developments made on health systems across the world. Mainly, nurses are contributing significantly to the development of health policies through their political actions (Catallo, Cristina, Spalding and Haghiri-Vijeh 1). Politically, nurses pursue policies that promote the provision of quality health care services and in particular which uphold the safety of patients as well as the access to needed resources. This essay paper reviews lobbyists and advocates: their definitions, similarities and differences, importance, and, the manner in which World Health Organization (WHO) lobby or advocate for health care policy. A lobbyist is an individual who represents the special interests or concerns of a particular group or organization through meetings with lawmakers (Mason et al. 391). Notably, many lobbyists are former members of staff or elected officials who have expertise in the legislative process or a particular area. Therefore, lobbyists have experience in aspects of policy or political process. On the other hand, an advocate is an individual who pleads for another (Mason et al. 391). In the nursing field, nurses advocate for healthier neighborhoods and the nursing profession itself through education and appeal to government policymakers and legislators to promote safe workplaces for nurses and safeguard the nursing scope of practice. Lobbyists and advocates have both similarities and differences. On similarities, both lobbyists and advocates represent the concerns and special interests of certain groups or organizations (Mason et al. 30). For instance, lobbyists and advocates work with members of the community to enhance the welfare of people by influencing issues, systems, and policies. On differences, lobbyists are paid to advocate for the interests of their employers, while advocates are not paid for their activities (Mason et al. 391). Again, lobbyists spend most of their time lobbying because of the associated financial gain, while advocates spend most of their time doing something else. Further, lobbyist activities are legally bound. Notably, the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 and the Honest Leadership and Government Act of 2007 control lobbyists’ activities by mandating them to release the information relating to their activities, contributions, and expenses (Mason et al. 391). Considerably, the law does not control advocate activities. WHO is an international organization under the United Nations (UN). The primary goal of WHO is to offer people across the globe the best achievable level of health. Mainly, WHO provides policy options to numerous countries for the development of health initiatives and priorities; however, its policies act as guidelines and not law (World Health Organization [WHO] par. 2). As a lobby or advocate for health care policy, WHO collaborates with its member states and coordinates their effort in promoting their respective health policies and programs. Notably, it provides them with current information about the occurrence of international diseases (WHO par. 3). Besides, the organization and publishes the respective cas
Assistive technology is one of the major teaching and learning resources that teachers use in classrooms to enhance learning. It generally refers to any device, equipment, software/application, or system that can be used to enhance the learning of learners who experience difficulties in their learning (Sider and Maich 1). For example, learners who have problems with their motor functioning may not have the capability to hold a pen properly and put in writing what is being taught, perform mathematics tasks, or write answers during test-taking. Such learners need some form of support or assistive technology to improve their functioning (Claire, Church, and Batshaw 527). Some of these technologies are categorized as high-tech due to their level of sophistication and others as low-tech due to their simplicity. A good example of high-tech assistive technology is audio players and recorders, which help learners to listen to the words as they read them on the page. Indeed a good number of online books today have audio files. Tablet computers, ipads, as well as smartphones also come with a text-to-speech application that is able to read aloud the words displayed on the learner’s screen. This is very useful to learners who struggle with writing or taking notes because they can use audio recorders to capture what is being taught in class. This way, they have an opportunity to listen to what is being taught some other time. The text-to-speech application can also help a learner who struggles with reading to improve his/her reading skills because the learner is able to listen to the words he/she sees on the page or computer screen; and as a result, recognize the spoken words (Sider and Maich 2). Sider and Maich note that the speech-to-text application is effective in helping learners who have problems with writing as well as mobility problems or both, or those who generally have difficulties developing fine motor skills (2). Low-tech assistive technology tools, on the other hand, include glare-diffusing light filters, ear muffs for children, and so on. Making use of these tools in inclusive classrooms, according to Sider and Maich, has been found to promote learning because it allows for flexible learning experiences and facilitates continuing assessment (1). In addition, these tools can enhance learners’ engagement in the classroom and support their independence in performing class activities