ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Geographical Profile China is located in Southern Asia along the Pacific Ocean Coastline, and geographically, this is the third-largest after Canada and Russia. Its coastline is 18,000 kilometers long, and the entire country is 9.6 million square kilometers, and on the map, it has the shape of a rooster (Mishra, 2020). The country has 19 bordering countries, including Afghanistan, Malaysia, Burma, Russia, Philippines, Indonesia, Korea, Tajikistan, North Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, Bhutan, India, Kyrgyzstan, Japan, Brunei, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Laos, and Pakistan (Mishra, 2020). The expansive landmass of the country has basins, foothills, plateaus, plains, and mountains. Plateaus, foothills, and mountains occupy almost half of the total land, lower in the east and higher to the west. Qinghai-Tibet forms the highest topography, with an average height of more than 4000 meters. Quliashan and the Kunlushan Hengduan Mountains divide the first and the second step. Mount Everest, which is the highest mountain t in the world, is found in this area (Fang & Zhang, 2017). Most of the plateaus and basins, such as Taihang and Daxingan, are between 1,000 and 2,000 meters high. Most people divide the country into four main regions: Northwest, South, North, and the Tibetan areas. Due to huge geographical differences, people from these four regions lead distinct lifestyles, and their customs are different. China has several lakes and rivers, and according to geological studies, more than 50,000 r
Introduction The result of September 11 spontaneously changed the meaning of the term “security” to a more composite definition. The attack led to a global concern over the probable repeat of such attacks using other modes of transport 1 . The deadly bombing of the commuter trains in Madrid and London accentuates the devious intents of the terror networks to strike transport systems, especially the facilities used by a large number of civilians. If the commuter train could be bombed and commercial airlines rammed into the twin towers, the probability of the port facility and infrastructure being the next target is very high 2 . The security of ports is of great concern because any attack on port facilities and infrastructure would lead to massive loss of life and property, which would ultimately upset the international trade and the global economy. Any form of attack on a cargo port would be very costly to the local and global economy. This could lead to closing down of ports. Eventually, this could result to a massive loss of jobs and destruction of goods and port infrastructure. For this reason, most governments have heavily invested in port security 3 . Ports are currently considered as a probable target for terror attacks. Therefore, 9/11 has fundamentally transformed the whole landscape of the maritime industry. The maritime industry has been put through numerous security programs with the purpose of preventing any security breach. The post 9/11 security strategies have expanded the realm of the term “port security” beyond the traditional frontiers 4 . The analysis of the design and configuration of ports to tackle the contemporary security challenges will be the basis for this paper. The growing concern about the safety of commodities and passengers prompted the introduction of numerous security frameworks, which are either voluntary or obligatory with the aim of improving port security. Nonetheless, one of the major challenges facing port officials is negotiating a suitable balance between security and cost involved in the implementation of the new measures. Therefore, there is a need to consider the impact of each alternative 5 . Rudiments of port security The objective of port security is to create an atmosphere in which business may be carried out with confidence and without becoming a channel of illegal operations. In other words, the port security department should make every effort to restrict the prospects for illegal use of port facilities and infrastructure 6 . In order to achieve this, port security officials have to embrace a proactive approach, which requires intelligence and exploratory harmonization of all security agencies and departments within the maritime industry 7 . Security must be given a priority during the planning processes and must command attention and resources of all the port officials. Whereas the responsibility and accountability for port security objectives and standards rest with the di
Introduction The end of the 1980 marked a new beginning in world history, with insurmountable efforts getting a boost from the talk associated with the then President of the United States, Ronald Reagan. In addition, a number of campaigns against nuclear war and nuclear disarmament were in the air. In a press conference, the European Nuclear Disarmament had just been instigated in many cities across Europe. In the Great Britain for example, the House of Commons had launched an agreement regarding the disarmament (Haralambos, 2000, 7; Wittner, 2011, p. 12). The appeal had mounted a number of claims and courses for action, in realization that the world citizenry all over were getting into a different period and that a ‘third world’ was not possible but increasingly likely. Indeed, economic as well as social difficulties in the industrialized west, for instance, were insurmountable. In the third world countries, apart from its usual economic problems, other sets of predicaments including militarism and civil wars were the order of the day. This was more negatively anchored in political tensions characterized by the developing world (Wittner 2011 p.4). In Australia, a great number of people had organized themselves into mass movement groups, which held a number of demonstrations and sit-ins in favor of policies that would dissuade governments against nuclear wars. Indeed, the year 1983 saw about 5million people demonstrating against the vice en masse, while the number of physicians advocating for social responsibilities and recruitment into SANE movement have multiplied increasingly (Wittner, 2011:4) Twenty-five years before then, a number of blocks had demonstrated their strength in nuclear weaponry. The Warsaw grouping and the North Atlantic had all had it amply to intimidate their adversaries and interestingly, to antagonize the civil life of innocent people. Moreover, accidents had been witnessed and often times, the majority of the victims on the receiving end were non-targeted people (Wittner 2011, p.7). At that time, therefore, no member of the superpowers could command any moral obligation to influence any country to disarmament, and so, the best way was to for them to consider civil strife. Besides, over the preceding years, opinion polls had indicated most people of the world were pressing for nuclear disarmament within a number of military blocks. Moreover, the fact is that, it was considered that more budgets, both in the East and the West, was now allocated to weapons at the expense of other needs (Wittner, 2011, p. 14). This paper seeks to critically examine
Introduction ASOS plc is a fashion and beauty-retailing corporation that operates and sells its products online. The company has its headquarters in the United Kingdom. In addition, the corporation transacts its business in many countries outside Europe. In fact, the firm has over fifty thousand branded and labeled products to the clients spread across one hundred and ninety countries. Further, the firm, from its delivery centers in the United Kingdom distributes the products to diverse destinations around the globe (ASOS, 2011). The bulk of ASOS plc customers are derived from the young people within their twenties since the group consumes most of the corporation’s fashion products. As a result, the corporation boasts of a customer base of over seventeen million clients across the world. The aims of the company The establishment of the company was based on the aim of achieving the status of a world leader in online fashion and beauty retail industry. Therefore, the company’s philosophy and smaller goals are critical in the attainment of the broader objectives. The organisation’s philosophy calls for the integrating both the interests of the shareholders and the executive level through fairness in the division of rewards, perils as well as participation in the company’s state of affairs (ASOS, 2011). In addition, profitability remains one of the major aims of ASOS plc to be achieved through organic growth and capital investment. Increase in productivity of the company will be a recipe for the delivery of returns to the shareholders. Moreover, taking into account the interests of the stakeholders including the personnel, shareholders, and suppliers, the communities in which they function and other stakeholders remain critical in the operations of the operations of ASOS plc. Of great importance, the firm aspires to sustain its global expansion through opening specific websites that are able to attract large masses in the countries where the organisation conducts its businesses. Further, ASOS plc’s promotional techniques have proved invaluable in aiding the organisation to position over the rival retail online businesses in the world markets. In addition, the organisation intends to expand its labels and set up its independent credentials as the global fashion trademark (ASOS, 2011). The firm also aims to deliver gross margin efficiency that will be reinvested in the pricing and prepositioning of the clients. In essence, ASOS has a dedication of ensuring that it achieves the status of a worldwide head in the online retail industry through targeting the younger generation. As such, the firm constantly modifies its pricing techniques as well as the products to acquire large number of clients (ASOS, 2011). The company products provide extra worth to its clients and are in line with the market demands. The strategic policies To attain its goals and objectives, the company must have strategic plans that take into consideration its core competencies. One of the areas that company em
The twists and turns of technological development are truly fascinating. Just a mere thought that a couple of decades ago, people were afraid of machines and artificial intelligence taking over the world seems ridiculous nowadays, and The future intelligence proves that the positive effect of the techno revolution is bound to be tremendous in several years from now. The pictures of smart technology and the portrayals of the life that the people of the future are going to lead is, doubtlessly, one of the strongest elements of the movie. By showing the audience how far the future technologies can push the envelope, the movie displays the creative potential of the present-day science, as well as the opportunities that will appear as soon as the new technological advances have been made. While how the moviemakers convey their message can be considered as clichéd overacting, the key idea behind the story is still very fascinating. Stating that the machines created by people have almost “human-like mentality” (Future intelligence, 2009), the authors of the movie make one think whether machines can truly replace human intelligence. However, the given point also happens to lead to one of the inevitable questions, such as what people are going to do once they will leave the most tiresome, tedious and unbearable work to robots and latest technologies. Another strong point of the movie is that it mentions the significance of media, as well as its future development, though rather briefly. Mass media shapes people’s lives, and the speed with which mass media reaches people defines its effect. Therefore, with the development of technology, people will be able to communicate even faster and with even better quality than nowadays. The issue above, however, also picks several questions, the answers to which might bring the positive effect of the technological development a few notches down. Even nowadays, social networking, as well as other means of media that help people
Introduction The third chapter of Making Movies talks about style in the filmmaking process. The author states that the primary function of this process is to tell the audience a story. However, the way of giving viewers a narrative, and the style, may vary because films may have different functions. According to the author, “some movies tell a story and leave you with a feeling and give you an idea,” while others also “reveal something about yourself and others” (Lumet, 2010, p. 50). Overall, the most exciting part of this chapter for me was that the author thinks that good style is unnoticeable by spectators because it makes them dive into a story. Main body Moviemaking is a long process that requires constant interaction among a director, screenwriter, production designer, cameraman, costume designer, editor, and actors. When the director knows how to orchestrate the plot, communicate with every team member, and explain every actor’s role, it sets the filmmaking style, recognizable by the professionals in the field. Indeed, creating a movie is similar to generating a puzzle, every piece of which should eventually have its unique place in the final picture. Conclusion To conclude, I learned from this chapter that shooting movies not only needs the synchronized work of an entire team but also requires the director to have a vision of the whole picture. When the director coordinates the set design, costumes and makeup, and actors’ performance, the resulting project gives meaning to viewers. Finally, when this coordination reaches mastery, and the audience focuses only on the story, enjoying the movie and not being disturbed by severe flaws, one can say that the director developed an excellent style.
Even though the decision to purchase lower-quality supplies may be a lucrative one (based on its economic upsides), the overall situation with COVID19 shows that no organization should cut costs related to essential supplies and order low-quality medical equipment merely to save money. There are two main reasons for considering domestic partnerships and only reaching out to international suppliers in the worst-case scenario. The first one is the fact that internal strategies have to be considered before discovering their foreign counterparts. The current conditions created by the COVID19 pandemic show that the level of quality of care should not be driven down to help local care providers partner with international suppliers who may not care about the quality of equipment they are selling. Given the fact that local healthcare specialists are aware of the gravity of the COVID19 situation, it should be vital for them to create international partnerships first. On the other hand, reaching out to international suppliers would be unreasonable because of the differences in quality standards and product safety. The majority of international suppliers come from unfamiliar operating environments that cannot be trusted. Even if local care providers have to spend more resources on in-house high-quality supplies, it will positively affect both healthcare workers and patients. With no ability to coordinate supplies over distance, care providers also may be at risk of receiving equipment that falls below their most unassertive expectations regarding safety and quality of production. The current state of healthcare shows that such risks are not meant to be taken, as too many human lives depend on proper medical equipment and essential supplies. Therefore, as a decision-maker, I would not reach out to international contractors for low-quality provisions that could make the COVID19 situation even worse.
Introduction Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by rapid and disordered depolarization of the atria, where integrated atrial contraction disappears and is replaced by irregular fibrillary atrial muscle twitching. In atrial fibrillation, there is accompanying irregular rapid ventricular contraction, and although paroxysms may occur, yet, mostly atrial fibrillation (AF) becomes a permanent condition (Scott, 1973). AF is the most prevalent arrhythmia seen in clinical practice. AF frequency increases with age, and based on population studies, AF prevalence is 5% among individuals 65 or older. Common causes and associated conditions include hypertension, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease (especially mitral stenosis), sick sinus syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (especially in young patients), alcohol use (holiday heart), and thyrotoxicosis (Habermann and Ghosh 2008). Atrial fibrillation has a distinct focal source or trigger. These focal points are in the cardiac muscle in the proximal parts of the pulmonary veins. Atrial fibrillation must be differentiated from atrial flutter (uniform flutter waves) and multifocal atrial tachycardia (isoelectric interval between premature atrial contractions that have three or more different morphologic forms). Patients with AF face risks of stroke and heart failure, and the dwindled quality of life because of either AF symptoms like fatigability and palpitations or the often associated cardiovascular diseases (Habermann and Ghosh 2008). Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation Atrial fibrillation has been recognized as a distinct rhythm since the beginning of the 20th century. In clinical practice, AF is the most common suffered arrhythmia met, yet it remains one of the greatest challenges in heart rhythm disorders. Based on epidemiologic data; nearly 1% of individuals older than 60 years suffer from AF, increasing to more than 5% of individuals aged 65 to 70 years, with the rate of newly diagnosed AF nearly doubling with each decade (Go As et al 2001). Overall, one in four men and women after age 40 develop AF, falling only slightly to one in six in individuals without prior history of cardiac disease such as myocardial infarction (MI) or congestive heart failure (Llyod-Jones et al, 2004). Data from the Rochester Epidemiology Project are consistent with these findings. Further, data point to a significant increase in the age-adjusted prevalence of AF in patients with ischemic stroke when compared with age- and gender-matched controls and was observed both in males and females (Tsang et al 2003). In the United States this translates nearly to 2.3 million people affected by AF, a figure projected to increase to around 3.3 million by 2010 and 5.6 million by 2050. Added to this, the proportion of patients with AF older than 80 years is expected to exceed 50% by 2050 (Kannel and Benjamin 2008). From the previous discussion, AF may represent a growing epidemic considering a possible und
Introduction It is well known that employees’ performance significantly impacts organizational success. However, the aspects of what makes people work more effectively continue to be a topic of discussion among businesspersons and scholars. Many earlier concerns included physical exercise and nutrition, and companies implemented measures to help their workers to improve their lifestyles by upgrading their gyms or memberships and building cafeterias and kitchens. The most recent belief, however, is that sleep also contributes to one’s energy levels, thus affecting productivity and concentration (Meyers 7). In the early 2000s, a number of firms proposed an idea of taking short naps at work to recharge (Lindholst). At the present moment, several tech, business, law, and educational organizations have separate rooms where employees can rest and even sleep. Many of these facilities are equipped with nap pods – chairs or constructions with mattresses that provide privacy and comfort. This report will review the most popular pods, their benefits for workers and employers, examples of companies that use them, as well as the cost of the pods’ installation and maintenance. Product Description Power nap pods are special constructions designed for short naps. They may come in a variety of styles, depending on the manufacturer and clients’ individual wishes. For example, some pods are built as completely enclosed structures with a door that guarantees full privacy for an individual. Inside, the simplest pod includes a mattress and a pillow. Some fully enclosed pods can be stacked, reducing the occupied space and allowing for more pods to be positioned in one room. Other styles do not have this feature, but they still can be positioned close to each other due to their complete privacy. Several models have a design that provides a limited degree of privacy with the help of a removable visor. More advanced designs are also equipped with special devices that encourage relaxation and help one to fall asleep. The EnergyPod, designed by MetroNaps, has an interface with such functions as time waking, guided napping, music, and noise cancellation ( MetroNaps ). Thus, a person can lie on the innovative chair and start a program that includes soothing music and light change for falling asleep and a gentle wak
Overeating refers to the intake of excess food that exceeds the body’s energy requirements and its capability to expel the surplus through excretion. A big number of parents throughout the world watch helplessly as their children overfeed in spite of the imminent dangers associated with the habit. The excessive intake of high-calorie and fatty foods is one of the leading causes of health problems for most children in the modern society. Heart problem, type 2 diabetes, and obesity are the imminent consequences of overeating, and in a bid to prevent them in children, parents should be mindful of the eating habits of their children. Heart Disease Fatty meals can trigger lethal heart problems by altering the normal functioning of the endothelium. Overconsumption of fatty meals prompts an abnormal increase in insulin levels that might result in the decrease in the coronary arteries’ ability to relax. The pressure of the blood becomes high, and this might cause the arteries to rupture causing a lethal heart problem. Allowing children to overeat without being mindful of the nutritious value of the food can be very dangerous to them. As such, guardians and parent should ensure that children desist from overeating especially fatty and high-calorie foods. Diabetes Many people tend to believe that diabetes is caused by the intake of excess sugar. However, it is the consumption of too much food that is responsible for most cases of type 2 diabetes in the world. Every type of food (proteins, carbohydrates, or fats) gets converted into glucose while in the body. An increase in the bodily weight makes the body somehow resistant to insulin that increases the chances of contracting type 2 diabetes. The activity level of a person determines the consumption of the available sugars in the body. In m