ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov is considered to be one of the brightest representatives of Russian literature, known for his The Master and Margarita . This outstanding satirist made wonderful attempts to represent post-revolutionary Russia, and The Master and Margarita is not the only work that amazes due to its analysis of good and evil, courage and cowardice. Lots of short stories and sketches also prove how gifted Bulgakov was. He was afraid to combine realism with fantasy and satire with modern progressive society. Bulgakov’s satire was rather vitriolic and touched both ideological and practical ridicules concerning Stalin’s totalitarism. With the help of satire, Bulgakov could underline all that greed, arrogance, and meanness of Stalin’s regime that led to total destruction of the soviet. In his early works, Bulgakov “directs his destructive satire at rather easy targets – the housing crisis and the bureaucracy, respectively.” (Haber, 205) With time, Bulgakov’s satire turned out to be more and more dramatic, pointing out the shortages of technology and society development. “The first of the various levels on which the novel’s satire functions is that of universal satire, the mockery of perennial human failings as they manifest themselves in the Moscow of the 1920s and 1930s.” (Weeks et al., 221) Without any doubts, Bulgakov presented the Stalin’s regime taking into consideration an appropriate tone and manner. He did not want to attract too much attention to his satire of Stalinist Russia only. He also pondered the ideas of good and evil in each personality and connected each character condition to the condition of the society in general. To my mind, The Fatal Eggs is one of the most relevant works, which concentrate on such theme as power in ignorant hands and its consequences. In this work, the author underlines what happened before Stalin came to power and what changed took place when Stalin led the nation and dictated its own rules. However, Bulgakov concentrated on the problems, which were inherent to any human, who lived in that world, and those problems played an important role in the story as well as they influenced political or any other sphere in this life. “As time went on, things went from bad to worse. After Vlas died, the windows of the Institute froze over altogether, and the inner surface of the glass became encrusted with patterned ice.” (Bulgakov, 55) Of course, it is possible to comprehend these words literally, however, it is better to look at this situation more globally. When a person dies, some changes happen indeed, and the life of the dead is frozen and stopped, but not t
Introduction French immigration during the 1980s -1990s was a political issue because of the national policies and reforms provided by the government. These changes were caused by the socialist victory of Francois Mitterand. In contrast to previous decades, this government improved the status of immigrants and gave them social support. The 1980s amendments to Immigration sharply changed immigration policy. The end of the national origins quota system that had applied to the Eastern Hemisphere since the 1920s resulted in a relative decline (Jelen, 2005). The earliest restrictions were intended to bar the entry of persons who would lower the nation’s productivity–the sick, disabled, indigent, and criminal. Even the ethnocentric national origins quota system was influenced by concerns with productivity, although based on a prejudiced reading of the data. These amendments, together with subsequent legislation, also changed the mechanism for rationing immigration visas among applicants from a country. The impact of immigrants Mass immigration was a political issue because it was used by the parties to gain the electorate and votes. “What followed was a reintroduction of an earlier repatriation scheme that gave migrants financial compensation if they returned to their home country and a toughening of already existing legislation whereby immigrants had to prove their employment status ahead of being granted residency” (French Immigration Policy 2007). In addition, the issue of illegal aliens has heightened public interest in immigration policy. Interagency task forces and commissions have been formed, or are soon to be formed, to study immigration policy. Even if legislation is not changed because these studies conclude that current law is optimal, the periodic reevaluation of policy is fruitful. An analysis of the impact of immigrants on the average level and distribution of income among the native population shows that immigrants with higher levels of skill are more likely to raise the average level of income and decrease the inequality of income among the native population (Cox and Posner 2007). A preliminary analysis of the earnings of foreign-born white men in France also showed that the skills of immigrants are not static. Foreign-born men were compared with native-born men with the same demographic characteristics. Although the immigrants had lower earnings when they first arrived, as time passed, they acquired skills relevant to the labor market, and the earnings gap between the foreign and native-born narrowed (Hagedorn, 2000) After about thirteen years in the country, the earnings of the foreign-born exceeded those of the native-born. The Pasqua laws of 1986 gave local authorities the right to send back immigrants.
Five difference between civilian and military tribunals Governance The military courts are governed by the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the same body is responsible for creation of the military laws in the United States. The UCMJ was created in the 1950s and ever since the system has been aligning its fundamentals of justice to the national civilian justice structure. On the other hand, the civilian justice system is governed by the judiciary in accordance to the laws created by the legislative arm of the government. Jury selection In the civilian justice system, the accused has a right to be judged by a jury that consists of his or her peers. The jury is normally made up of 12 jurors. However, the military justice system is different since the members of the jury can only be commissioned military officers. The accused can only choose from a list of the proposed members. There is no a specific number of jurors for military cases as they can be as few as 3 and as many as 12 depending on the specific case. Jury’s verdict In a civilian court, the jury must reach a undivided judgment for a conviction to be deliver. In most cases, the court only requires a simple majority decision. On the other hand, military courts are strict on the jury decision making process. For a verdict to be delivered, two thirds of the juries vote is required. Therefore, the martial courts do not experience hung jury. The appeal process In a civilian court, the appeal process takes long before it is resolved. In most scenarios, people on death row die of ordinary causes even before their appeal is processed. With the military justice system, this is slightly different. Within the military justice system, the commanding officer who established a court-martial is capable of reducing the sentences of granting clemency. Hassan cannot plead guilty In civilian courts, the accused pleads guilty in order to stay away from the death penalty and to get life incarceration. In essence, a lot of time and resources are saved when this path is taken in the civilian justice system. In addition, it helps the criminal to avoid the death penalty. In the military on the other hand, the offender cannot plead guilty when the prosecution is seeking the death penalty. Personal opinion Is citizenship an issue to consider in allowing tribunals Citizenship should not be considered when allowing tribunals because the offender has broken the law of the land. Considering his or her citizenship may compromise the jurisdiction of his her indictment and hence affecting the trial. Whenever the law of the land has been broken, the offender should face the full force of the law regardless of his or her nationality. Historical use of tribunals Tribunals were used in the by the government to settle disputes outside the legal justice jurisprudence. A tribunal is a person or an institution given the mandate by the government to conduct and solve a legal dispute outside the normal justice system. In most cases, tribunals where used in solving employment disputes, social disagreements and other culture related issues that required social and ethical consideration in creating a resolute verdic
Services Marketing Strategy Assessment: Writer’s Block Cafe Although Writer’s Block Cafe is listed among the numerous companies that serve coffee to its customers, the company offers its clients much more than a beverage. The secret of the cafe’s popularity concerns not only the quality of the product but also the atmosphere, which it has created over the years of its operation. The description of the organization’s goals and its mission show that the perceived values can be validated as rather high for the target company at present. Particularly, the fact that the organization aims at creating a very specific atmosphere for its visitors deserves to be mentioned. According to the explanation provided by the company, the close environment, which they have created, is the key asset of the organization and the main point of customers’ attraction: He’s handsome, even with neat stubble… and he’s a familiar face in the Agora Square precinct. Daniel is Manager of Writer’s Block cafe. Need to reserve a place for a meeting at our dine-in area, or cater for a small to large gathering..?” (‘Daniel La Rosa’ 2015, par. 1). The emphasis on customer satisfaction, which the company makes based on its vision and mission, can be deemed a very powerful tool for attracting new clientele and gaining authority and popularity in the target market. As far as the approaches, which the company uses in order to build strong customer relationships are concerned, one must admit that the set of strategies utilized by the organization is quite standard. Much like other organizations, which are willing to expand into a new market, Writer’s Block Cafe offers loyalty cards and promotions. Also, the company relies on the word-of-mouth (WOM) approach in promoting its services to the target population. Although one must give the company credit for choosing an unorthodox means of marketing its services, relying on the WOM solely seems not quite safe, as the organization risks failing to locate the moods of the customers and, therefore, have negative opinions about the organization distributed among the target population instantly. One must admit, though, that the chosen model of advertisement is also very efficient in terms of the time that it takes to distribute information; because of the use of modern technology tools in general and social networks in particular, customers can transfer the data about the company from one to another instantly (Nikos & Pujani 2012). Despite minor problems with the way, in which the organization markets
Introduction The main purpose of this recommendation report is to analyze the key issues, which Clemency Priors business currently faces and propose the strategies for coping with these problems. To fulfill this task, it is necessary to examine the external and internal environment of this company and identify those factors, which prevent the enterprise from becoming more productive. This will enable to map of the action plan. These measures may involve changes within the structure of this firm, new policies in human resource management, a different marketing approach, and so forth. Statement of the problem The difficulties encountered by Clemency Prior can be explained by several causes: 1) poor relationships with the customers, who are dissatisfied with the services that this business provides. It should be borne in mind that they do not complain of the low quality of the products; they are more concerned with untimely or even wrong delivery, packaging, labeling, etc. In part, this evidence indicates that the work of personnel is not effectively coordinated. 2) Another reason why Clemency Prior and her assistants cannot stand the competition is inappropriate marketing strategies. Their ice cream is positioned as a luxury brand and they are oriented towards a certain type of consumer. The firm has to cut down prices otherwise their ice cream will be in demand. Thus, sales rates are increased only by cheapness, and such a method is normally unprofitable (Wansink, 2005). 3) The third aspect of this issue is ineffective interactions with retailers: especially failure to meet their quality expectations and deadlines. All these problems can be resolved only by a set of actions. Marketing strategy At first, the management should focus on the range of their products. Presently, they are targeting only socio-economic groups AB and offer only three flavors. Probably, they should enlarge the variety of their output, because it is popular only among the limited number of buyers. Clemency Prior has to incur extra expenses by selling luxury brands at a very low price. Certainly, we do not insist that they should completely abandon their initial positioning in the market, but probably they should produce the ice cream that would better suit purchasing power of potential clients (Kerin et al,
Nurses who have trained and qualified in another country other than Australia have to be assessed by the Australian Nursing Council (ANC) on their overseas qualification when seeking registration in Australia. The assessment may be conducted directly through interview at the National Board’s Office or through an Australian Government office overseas (Nurse In Australia 2010). Forms for application are always available at the ANC offices or Australian Government offices. Therefore, a qualified nurse who is interested in registering as a practitioner in the country has to obtain the application forms and complete them. After completing the application forms, the person has to submit the form together with his or her qualification documents to the Board’s office. This has to be done in person or submitted via email. A prescribed fee has to be paid while submitting the application forms and the documents. The documents required during application include the degree, diploma or certificate that was obtained from the educational institution or hospital where the course was undertaken (Swingshift Nurses 2007). Accompanying these are transcripts and sometimes records of the education program(s) which were undertaken during training, and issued by the institution/hospital where the training took place. These transcripts should show the details such as the theoretical content of the course, duration of the course, number of lecture hours in each unit/subject (Swingshift Nurses 2007). The transcripts should also give evidence for clinical experience in terms of number of weeks or days in every clinical area covered (Brutish Nursing 2008). Finally, they should also include the language of instruction (Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency 2011 (b)). The applicant must also submit his or her initial certificate of registration from the country where he or she had trained or attained the qualification(s). If this can not be obtained, then verification is sent to the nurse regulatory authority of the country where the training was undertaken (Swingshift Nurses 2007). The Board also sends a direct verification to the applicant’s current registration in the country where he or she last practised (Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency 2011 (b)). The applicant is also required to present his or her identity; meaning that current passport or birth certificate has to accompany the above documents. In case of name change, the applicant can provide marriage certificate or any other document that can prove the change. Finally, the applicant must also provide proof of work experience (Brutish Nursing, 2008). After submission of these documents, the applicant requiring assessment is given a letter informing him or her of the requirements needed to qualify for the registration should the application be considered by the National Board (Swingshift Nurses 2007). A nurse who wishes to be considered for registration, but has a non-English speaking background, has to undergo English language proficiency test. The Australian Nursing Council (ANC) ensures t
Introduction Muslims appear as the largest faction amongst the minority religions in Europe. Muslim migrants who settled in the European countries did so after the Second World War. In the United Kingdom, the history of Muslims who migrated from all corners of the world is long. As a result, the populations living in the UK comprise of the Pakistan Muslims. This is one of the largest groups of the UK Muslims after those who migrated from India. The Pakistan Muslims are the second largest ethnic minority in the United Kingdom. They live in cities such as London, Birmingham, Manchester, and Bradford, where they benefit from political and social influence. According to universal statistics, more than 1,601,000 Muslims subsist in the UK. The tuning of Muslim lives after immigration takes a long period. In their new areas of living within the UK, incorporation, and application of Muslim’s spiritual and cultural beliefs come from the uninterrupted age groups. While making these life changes, stress, and tension may affect dan
Is the American dream still coming to be? Ask this question among many Americans and according to each person’s experience you will get different answers. Some Americans do not even know what to believe anyway and they will say it is confusing to them. People do not have a clear answer if the American dream is still alive or dead. Still, it is not well understood who is to achieve the dream. Is it the government or the citizens? After the terrorist attack in September 11, the American dream for many came to a sudden death. Yes, talk about the immigrants in America who have faced a dramatic change in their life plans. All immigrants run to America where they believe freedom exists. They come with their heads so high, hopes so bright to pursue happiness and wealth without the fear of losing it all in a flash. It is a dream for immigrants from the Middle East to be in America; a country where discrimination is history and where no one will prevent them from achieving their dreams in life. They all work hard and stay away from trouble just to gain citizenship in America so they can achieve their dreams. This was the case before hundreds of people died in a terrorist attack. After the attack, that what was when their light at the end of the tunnel became their worst nightmare (Hernandez 98). The America with a dream has now turned against its dream in the name of making America a safe place free from terrorism. The immigrants from the Middle East now watch as their rights disappear in the darkness of security. Imagine an immigrant worshipping at home as the thought of been seen in a mosque by the “law-keepers” make him shiver. The “law-keepers” can be any of them; be it the FBI or the Homeland Security, they have all joined hands to ensure the Muslims do not attack. Why does one suffer just because his religion is associated with terrorism? Is that not what they run away from in their home countries? The privacy right is now a dream among immigrants from the Middle East. All they say, do or go is known. There is no freedom left to them even though they are away from their countries and the sound of blasting bombs. Those in school face it harder as what you borrow from the library is known. My friend who is a Muslim will have broken the law if he moves without notifying the INS about the change in his address. This will mean been deported back to “hell” where freedom was killed by war and greed. How do our friends who are Muslims become citizens if it is already impossible to enjoy the few immigrants’ rights? I remember my friend telling me a horrifying story he experienced in the airport when travelling. Muslim immigrants queuing before him were taken from the queue for interrogation. These days the law keepers can break into their homes without warrants or arrest them and hold them for long in the name of ensuring security against terrorist attack. What is left for them to believe in anymore? What they thought was a bright new start is now a dead end. Today, if you are from the Middle East, name it the Arabic land, then job security is no longer assured. Employers are sending
The AMADEUS (1984) film is the best motion picture regarding the creation and the creator. The film director is Milos Froman and Peter Shaffer, the screenwriter who is significantly involved in crafting the film and Saul Zaentz Company produced the movie focusing on the relationship between Mozart and Salieri. It begins in Vienna in 1823 as the older man is crying out of having killed Mozart and attempting to commit suicide. The movie majorly involves Mozart and Salieri (dominant characters) in the film and the other characters, such as the father, Vogler. They made the film become a powerful drama and with a commanding score. The film introduces the audience to the actual scene as the producer begins the movie with the music accompanying the visual presentation of the first scenes. Besides, it involves exciting actions that introduce the characters with dramatic scenes through crying and taking some meals while running to a room. The film brings the history of work in the 18th century from how music manifested during the period. It helps the audience to focus back on how things used to look in comparison to present productions. Considering the actions from the film, it depicts the intention of the film writer and producer to the audience from the first eye because it entailed a visual explanation of the relationship between Mozart and Salieri. The movie has a plot based on the fiction account of the relationship between Mozart and Salieri. The film won the academy awards with the best picture, which involved the best drama. I enjoyed the scene from the beginning, and the writer used relevant music that could attract the audience’s attention. Besides, I was impressed when Salieri first saw Mozart; he chased a woman to a room to flirt with her and then finds himself in the same room with the woman and Mozart. The scene is theatrical and expresses the poor relationship that is depicted between the two dominant characters. Therefore, I can recommend people to watch it riveting and contains moral lessons for the audience.