ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Mental diseases have a critical influence on people’s well-being because they affect the way individuals perceive themselves and their environment by distorting reality. Schizophrenia is one of the most complex examples of these disorders because it leads to the inability to live independently and hold a job. Unfortunately, those people who are affected by it do not always realize this fact. As a result, they can be unwilling to obtain treatment. Thus, it cannot be denied that the issue of schizophrenia is worth discussing. Background Information Schizophrenia usually occurs in individuals who are 18-30 years old. Men, for instance, tend to reveal the symptoms of this disorder earlier than women. The development of this health issue can occur in different ways; therefore, it is not always easy to diagnose. While some people can deal with slight symptoms for years, others can be affected suddenly and quickly. Even though schizophrenia usually occurs at a particular period of time, its early onset is possible. Unfortunately, in such situations, people tend to suffer from a greater number of negative symptoms and can even deal with developmental delays. Regardless of its onset, schizophrenia is “associated with the same clinical, cognitive, aetiological and epidemiological components” (Pagsberg 3). Moreover, it can be diagnosed appropriately in different populations using the criteria. Grison et al. emphasize that schizophrenia is associated with genetic risk (522). The inability to identify and start treating this disorder as early as possible leads to poor outcomes. It is also significant to remember that children tend to face more associated problems compared to adults. Symptoms People with schizophrenia may have clear symptoms that can be easily noticed by others or hidden ones that can be identified only when individuals share what they really think. Psychotic, emotional, and cognitive symptoms can be observed in those who suffer from this disorder. Thus, people may deal with speech issues, delusions, hallucinations, excessive social anxiety, suspiciousness, and blunted emotions (Chemerinski et al. 653; Grison et al. 519-520). Pompili et al. also mention that they are likely to express more impulsivity and aggression than mentally healthy individuals (458). Moreover, the risk of suicide in this population increases significantly because of the distorted perceptions. Treatment Complications People with schizophrenia are usually treated with the help of appropriate medicine. Even though it is rather effective, many healthcare professionals fail to recognize the significance of social support and religion. Smolak et al. emphasize that people’s perceptions and beliefs have a critical influence on treatment and its outcomes (444). Much attention should be paid to the way families, medical staff, and community affect treatment. For instance, some individuals may consider religion to be a coping mechanism that increases patients’ willingness to look for help and treatment. Thus, professionals should not miss an opportunity to use it in order to streamline the process of recovery. Lafeuille et al. also mention that people with schizophreni
Introduction Despite the vast research made in the field, pressure ulcers still remain the problem in all hospital settings. Also known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers, these are areas of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue (McInnes et al., 2015). Without appropriate treatment, pressure ulcers can develop into chronic wounds that may occur after healing; that is why this issue requires close monitoring and timely medical intervention. Moreover, it is essential to develop prevention strategies for injuries in order to avoid possible negative consequences. Apart from the damage to the patient’s health, pressure ulcers impose a financial burden on health facilities (Demarré et al., 2015). According to the studies, the costs associated with pressure ulcer treatment are substantially higher than the costs of prevention measures implementation (Demarré et al., 2015). Taking into consideration the negative impact of the disease on the patient’s health state, and the hospital’s budget, the issue of pressure ulcer prevention deserves special attention. It should be noted that patients at rehabilitation settings are at high risk, and the problem of ulcer prevention here should receive even more consideration. Search History For the paper, the Google Scholar database was utilized to search for appropriate and reliable sources. To facilitate the process, keywords were used, such as ‘pressure’, ‘ulcer’, ‘hospital’, ‘prevention’, ‘wound’. It was also helpful to use synonyms for the terms, such as ‘bedsore,’ ‘decubitus ulcers,’ ‘avoidance.’ The number of articles found on the topic was large; however, not all of them were included in the work. One of the reasons why some of the articles were excluded is the date of publication. For this literature review, only recent issues were used, which were published not earlier than five years from now (2020). Another criterion was the credibility of a source; that is why articles from unreliable journals were not included in the work. Furthermore, the search was limited to the articles, originally written in the English
In the history of nations that throve on the territories of North America and Australia, the nineteenth century is marked by a series of gold rushes that forever changed the ways of development in economical as well as political and social spheres. Although in Australia minor gold deposits had been discovered already in early nineteenth century, it was only in the 1850s that mass hysteria and search for gold started, acquiring the name of the Victorian gold rush, after the state most abundant in gold. The events connected with the Victorian gold rush transformed colonial Australia by dramatically increasing its population, restructuring the economic system, and promoting a new sense of identity among the nation. The first and the most obvious transformation Australia underwent as a result of the 1850s gold rush was the immense growth of the population quantity due to immigration rates. Rumors of Australian gold spread in the twinkling of an eye, and the white Australian population which had comprised only 77 thousand people before 1851, rapidly increased by over 370 thousand in only the first year of the rush and constituted 540 thousand people by 1854 (Gold Oz, n. d.). More settlers arrived to Australia in the several beginning years of the Victorian gold rush than there were prisoners brought to the continent from Britain. By the year 1871, Australian population had trebled from 430,000 in 1851 to 1.7 million in 1871 (Australian Government Culture Portal, 2007). Such dramatic increase in population quantity had its consequences both for the economic and political life of Australia. Large-scale immigration brought about the ever-growing need of Australian population for developing agriculture, manufacturing, and construction industries. On the other hand, those industries faced hard times due to the fact that laborers fled to the areas where gold was discovered and thus left their work unattended. Agriculture was in fact one of the spheres most negatively affected by the events of the Victorian gold rush. For one thing, tillers inspired by perspectives of fast enrichment, left their farms behind, abandoning the land for the sake of gold mining. Other farmers switched their production from wheat to meat and tallow, which were more in demand in the domestic market (Attard, 2008). For another thing, sheep wool which had been Australia’s major export product in the first half of the nineteenth century, was replaced by gold, since the latter appeared a more attractive and valuable source of enrichment for the British Empire (Attard, 2008). In reply to the incredible wealth shipped by Australia, the country profited from a large amount of imports and business investment to it (Gold Oz, n. d.). The two major states where the largest deposits of gold had been discovered, Victoria and New South Wales enjoyed an improved system of transportation with the building of the first railroad, and the rudimentary mining techniques were quickly optimized to more modern capital-intensive forms of gold-mining by large companies (Cu
Description of the Locations in the Short Story There are three distinct settings in the story The Lady with the Pet Dog, Yalta, Moscow, and S–. Moscow has been described as a city in the North that is routinely cold “It’s time for me to go north…at home in Moscow everything was in its winter routine” (Chekov 85). The setting at S– is described with so many objects that Gurov encounters when he visits the location to look for Anna. Moscow, according to the story is usually covered in snow even when the temperature moves slightly above the freezing point. When the snow begins to fall, the view of white roofs and white earth becomes pleasant to the eyes. The reality of the place is covered with white snow. It is even said that “the old birches and limes” (Chekov 85) covered with white frost is nigh to the heart than palms and cypresses. This scenario has some similarities with the relationship between Anna and Gurov. There is a lot of secrecy in their relationship nothing is left in the open. The reality about their relationship was covered with several things that are pleasant to perceive with the eye. They both have to lie to their spouses every time they intend to meet each other in secret. S– is a very dull location and it appears as though it is small and people would easily get to know its dwellers. It is dull since there are a lot of things that Gurov considered as cheap and he was very critical about most things. He gets to the best hotel S– town and becomes critical about his room and the items in it. He even criticizes the fence surrounding Anna’s home. This scenario is similar to the state of mind of Anna where she hardly finds happiness while at home and she has to travel to other locations in pursuit of relaxation and happiness (Flanders). How Locations Correlate to Anna and Gurov, the State of Their Relationship and Minds The relationship of Gurov and Anna makes Gurov completely change as a character from his problems. One of his major problems that appear in the story is the problem of having multiple sex partners (Steve Wood). He just cannot stick to his wife and deeply love her. In as much as he considers women as a lower race, he cannot live without them. Every time he meets a woman, he thinks that it would be a good thing to make the acquaintance of her. The writer even describes that there was something about Gurov that “disposed women in his favor” (Chekov 78). This unique quality is what he used to not only make them acquaintances but also drag them in bed with him. He was afraid to commit himself to a woman including his wife. However, this seemed to change the moment he met Anna. For once he acted like he was truly in love although he did not want to show it whenever he was around her (Robert 91). For him to go out of his way looking for her in her home town and almost daring to challenge the husband is a brave move that shows he was truly ready to change and commit h
Introduction Culture is an essential element in the operation of firms in different economic sectors. Consequently, business managers have an obligation to nurture and develop a strong organisational culture. Scholars have advanced different meanings of culture. Sun (2008) adopts the definition of culture by Geert Hofstede, which defines culture as “the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another” (p. 37). Firms in the contemporary business environment are experiencing an increment in cases of issues associated with cultural diversity. One of the factors that explain this trend relates to the high rate of globalisation. Firms in different economic sectors in the United States are gradually integrating internationalisation in an effort to maximise their level of profitability. China is ranked amongst the most attractive foreign investment destinations across the world (Sun 2008). Consequently, the majority of the United States’ investors are entering the Chinese market. The prevailing cultural differences between the two countries may present a major hindrance in a firm’s quest to succeed in the Chinese market. In a bid to survive in such a market, it is crucial for the American investors to conduct a broad analysis of the cultural differences between China and the United States. One of the ways through which an organisation can understand the cultural differences between China and the United States is by applying the Hofstede model. This paper outlines the cultural differences between the two countries coup
According to Abdullah, Sahibudin, Rose and Selamat (2005), agent technology is an integral component required in knowledge management systems that entail decision making in businesses. There are a number of modern business portfolios that can hardly do without the input of technology when making decisions. In addition, the authors posit that collaborative learning environment and communities of practice are two key areas of knowledge management systems that are embedded in technology. Knowledge must be utilized in the course of business operations. For example, the acquisition and dissemination of corporate assets demand knowledge sharing between agent technology and communities of practice. Moreover, service quality can be expedited when agent technology is adopted by a business organisation. However, quality cannot be guaranteed if knowledge management process is not harnessed properly. Supervisors and administrators also apply technology in various ways before they can make vital decisions. For example, the subject matter can only be known by administrators and supervisors if they open their e-mail or mail boxes. In order to enhance the security of technological instruments in place, usernames and passwords should be used. From the qualitative research findings, knowledge acquisition and the related automation processes have been enhanced by agent technology in organisations. Reference Abdullah, R., Sahibudin, S., Rose, A. A., & Selamat, M. H. (2005). Applying knowledge management system with agent technology to support decision making in collaborative learning environment. Journal of American Academy of Business, 7 (1), 181-188. Web.
The ethical culture at TAP was very weak. This is because it allowed and encouraged workers and business associates to engage in corruption and bribery. Anyone that was not engaged this negative conduct was sneered upon and was regarded a traitor to the system. The culture at TAP appears to have been in alignment. This is because the senior heads of the company installed measures to ensure that the culture at the company was in line with their primary aspiration and goal, which was to make money by any means necessary. Had Durand not intervened, there is a high likelihood that the system would still be running in the same way, with each new individual being coerced to follow the trend. However, the positive end of the case came through to show that a strong ethical culture will always work for the good of the institution as well as the individuals working in it. Durand ended up making millions of dollars because of his unwavering ethics. TAP like privately-owned institution TAP like most other privately-owned institutions, was bent on profit making. In this regard, the members of senior management, in cohorts with the owners of the companies, would use every trick in the book to drive up profits, including tax evasion and under hand deals. TAP was involved in rampant corruption, characterized by unaccounted for cash handouts being offered to urologists and doctors getting non-monetary gifts such as televisions and office equipment (Trevino and Nelson, 2011). It was later revealed that these tokens were dished out in order to allow the products from TAP gain an undue advantage amongst competing products. In his change effort, Durand targeted the company reps and the cultural system of receiving tokens for work done. In this regard, Durand encouraged accountability by giving monetary rewards (in terms of bonuses) to the individuals who kept their records clean and straight (Trevino and Nelson, 2011). The Strategy worked very well, because looking at the situation from the perspective of the reps, they had nothing to lose by working in conjunction with Durand. By collaborating with Durand, they still made the financial gains they were making by engaging in corruption. The system that was missing, and eventually caused the change process to fail, was the reinforcement authority. The senior heads of the company found Durand’s approach threatening to their tax-evasion plans, because by keeping clean records, the federal authority could easily track identify the loopholes. Corruption trends With time, corruption trends had become assimilated as part of the organization’s culture such that even when Durand came up with an alternative plan to encourage accountability, it was thrown out the window, because it was seen to affect the company’s profits. Durand’s effort failed principally because there was no support from the senior-l
The view of Heraclitus regarding the nature of reality Heraclitus’s argument on the non-existence of reality is a contradiction of anything that is perceived as permanent (Moore & Bruder, 2013). Heraclitus believes that change only happens under a cosmic order. In this regard, everything exists as a single entity, as well as the opposite of the same. The view of Empedocles Empedocles agrees that change is real, but the components of the changing objects remain unchanged. Empedocles’s argument seeks an explanation of why change happens (Moore & Bruder, 2013). Empedocles uses the example of earth, air, fire, and water to explain objects of change. On the other hand, Empedocles uses love and strife to explain what causes the change in reality. The view of Anaximander Anaximander argues that the source of all things cannot be merely based on physics. Anaximander agrees that there are forces beyond human understanding that determine the existence of things. The views of Parmenides and Heraclitus Parmenides and Heraclitus have different explanations of reality. Heraclitus argues that reality is ceaseless while Parmenides views the same as unchanging (p. 33). The views of Protagoras Protagoras views are that moral relativism is best analyzed through man. In this regard, man’s moral conduct and actions can only be based on knowledge, temperance, and courage. The views of Pythagoras Pythagoras believed in orderliness and harmony of things. In this regard, the use of numbers to enumerate change of things sequentially shows the connectivity of the same to other universal elements (Moore & Bruder, 2013, p. 25). The views of Anaxagoras Anaxagoras argues that what is perceived as reality is created by the human mind (p. 29). Anaxagoras arguments try to relate mind and reason. By using the concept of preponderance, Anaxagoras argues that the mind in itself is made of particles and atoms. thus, the ability to conceive actual physical things in the universe. The early Greeks who had a reasonable conception of the nature of reality The Atomists led by Leucippus and Democritus’ approach to reality is reasonable. The Atomists’ approach has been rendered by metaphysic as true regarding atoms, motion, free will, and determinism (p. 32). Plato’s criticism of the views of Protagoras Plato argues against Protagoras’ views that knowledge is absolute. Plato views knowledge as a combination of sensible perceptions, thus making the same relative (p. 43). How Plato claims people can know the Forms Plato argues that people can now the Forms as a way of deriving absolute truth and becoming wise. The shadows and the unchanging Forms explain ways of knowing the Forms. Ignorance hinders absolute truth while l
Introduction F. Scott Fitzgerald, a renowned American novelist, lived between 1896 and1940. His works included five novels. Tender is the night , The Great Gatsby, The Beautiful and Damned , This Side of Paradise and Love of the Last Tycoon . The posthumous publishing of the latter, however, took place in 1941. The foundation of double vision evident in the five works is polarity, which means the setting of two extremes against each other that result in dramatic tension. From the created dramatic tensions, the novels derive their main themes, characters, symbols, and settings that constitute the differing writing styles evident in the novels. In this paper, the focus is to describe and discuss the different writing styles deployed by the F. Scott Fitzgerald’s five novels: Tender is the night, The Great Gatsby, The Beautiful and Damned, This Side of Paradise and Love of the Last Tycoon . Writing styles in the five novels This Side of Paradise Authored by F. Scott Fitzgerald at the age of 23, the debut novel This Side of Paradise employs three differing writing styles. These styles are “a fictional narrative, free verse, sometimes narrative drama, interspersed with letters and poems from Amory” (West 48). The dialect deployed is mainly American though with instances of coining French terms. Through these styles, F. Scott Fitzgerald brings out outstanding aspects of his writings in This Side of Paradise , embracing the presentation of ideal qualities among his characters, some of the traits that he dreamed to posses. As a way of example, Amory Blaine was young, intelligent, good-looking, and a questing hero (Prigozy 39). The presentation of his characters in This Side of Paradise is characterized by their exact opposites- ugliness poverty and age. This perhaps well confirms F. Scott Fitzgerald’s writing style of double visions. The fictional narrative style presents some narratives, which critics presume that they cannot hold in the real world. For instance, John Grier, the president of Princeton University, where F. Scott Fitzgerald schooled reckons, “I cannot bear to think that our young men are merely living four years in a country club and spending their lives wholly in a spirit of calculation and snobbishness” (Bruccoli 125). While such a situation may have been hard to encounter in actual practice, it depicts incredible capacity to deploy fiction to attract the readers’ enthusiasm and hence form the platforms of communication of the themes of the novel. “The novel’s odd blend of styles was the result of Fitzgerald cobbling his earlier attempt at a novel The Romantic Egotist together with assorted short stories and poems that he composed, but never published” (West 49). Blending writing styles and using them appropriately where their application is necessary indeed makes the novel This Side of Paradise a literary piece of genius. The Beautiful and Damned In The Beautiful and Damned , F. Scott Fitzgerald deploys a writing style that predominantly emphasizes on crucial dialogue among various characters or even situations of confusing