ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Birds Birds are vertebrates that have feathers modified for flight and also for active metabolism. Duck A duck is a domestic bird that is reared for food in most parts of the world. It has a wide long beak and webbed feet to allow them top wade on mud. A duck feeds from muddy surfaces. Dove A dove is a flying bird that is domesticated and has an attachment to homesteads. A dove is usually larger than other birds and does not build nests on the trees but lives inside the roofs of the house. Giraffe A giraffe is a wild animal that has a huge body and has a characteristic long neck which is adapted to its feeding habit. It feeds on leaves from tall trees and shrubs. Monkey A monkey belongs to the ape family. It is a herbivore and also feeds on fruits and other wild seeds. Bee Is a honey-producing insect that belongs to the class Insecta. Bees live in colonies and feed on nectar from flowers which they use in making honey as their reserve food for raising up their young ones. Bees sting for protection and this is a characteristic unique to them. Housefly A housefly is a household fly as the name suggested. It is associated with food in the household and is smaller than a bee. Echinoderms Basket star belongs to the subclass Ophiuroidea. They are sea-living animals. Snake stars also belong to the same class but are longer in shape than basket stars. (Hendler and Miller, 1996 pp. 89-134) Characteristics of the species in the Kingdom Animmalia The selected species above have the following characteristics which make them fit in the kingdom animmalia;   * They are all capable of moving from one position to the other. Unlike the species kingdom Plantae, animals can move on their own and are not attached to the ground or any surface like plants.   * All the species in this kingdom are able to reproduce young ones though they do it differently. Giraffes and monkeys in the mammalian class give birth to young ones which are strong and are able to move shortly after birth. Insects and birds lay eggs that produce the young ones.   * All the species take in oxygen for metabolism and produce carbon dioxide, unlike the kingdom Plantae which uses carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Animals feed on physical food substances, unlike plants. Characteristics shared by the mammals above The mammals, giraffe, and monkey have the following common characteristics;   * They give birth to young ones. Their young ones are strong and move shortly after birth.   * They are both covered with hair that keeps them warm.   * The two mammals have mammary glands which they feed their young ones at the early stages of development. Differences between giraffe and monkey   * A monkey is an ape and has an opposable toe which they use to climb trees. Giraffes have four limbs and walk in all fours. The forelimbs of a monkey are placed like those of a human being.   * A monkey has a large face with an external nostril while a giraffe has a long head and a long neck for feeding on top tree branches.   * Monkeys are higher animals with reasoning abilities. They are believed to be next to human beings as they are the able top
Introduction There are many conditions and diseases that may affect a child and interfere with normal growth and development. Schizophrenia is a developmental condition characterized by psychotic symptoms as well as by some symptoms that affect adaptive functioning of an individual. The condition develops in different phases and an individual exhibits different symptoms hence the reason why there are different categories and classifications of the same. With that background in mind, this paper shall focus on describing major classification of schizophrenia, psychosis and lifespan development. In addition, the paper shall also focus on cognitive, biological and behavioral component of schizophrenia. Major DSM IV-TR categories of schizophrenia, psychosis and lifespan development Primarily, psychotic disorders include, schizoaffective disorder, shared psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, substance induced psychotic disorders, disorder caused by general medical conditions as well as five types schizophrenia. The five subtypes of schizophrenia include catatonic, undifferentiated, paranoid, and disorganized and the residual type. Patients suffer from hallucinations usually described as condition that occur when a person is able to sense in absence of the right stimuli (Dziegielewski, 2010). Various classifications of schizophrenia, psychosis and lifetime development As highlighted in the introductory part, there are five classifications of schizophrenia. As the name suggests, undifferentiated schizophrenia is also referred to as the garbage type and more often than not, it contains symptoms that are usually present in other disorders. The residue type is a condition that does not display some of the symptoms that were evident initially. In the paranoid type, victims suffer from either one or more hallucinations marked by a single theme. Patients suffering from disorganized schizophrenia experience incoherence, disturbed effect and more often than not, there is lack of systematic delusions. Lastly, patients suffering from catatonic type suffer from negativism as well as disturbances of the psychomotor such as rigidity and stupor (Dziegielewski, 2010). Although there are five different classifications of schizophrenia, the path physiology is almost the same but symptoms are varied. In the view of the fact that schizophrenia is a chronic illness, it progresses in different phases. In many instances, patients seek treatment after experie
Introduction It should be noted that many instructors perceive the communicative language teaching approach positively as applied to the EFL environment. Nevertheless, research suggests that there are quite a few obstacles to its effective application in the classroom (Ahmed & Rao, 2013; Al Rabadi, 2012; Huang, 2016; Orafi, 2013; Wu & Alrabah, 2014). Therefore, there is a gap in the existing body of knowledge regarding the theoretical foundation of this approach and its application to practice. The purpose of this chapter is to provide insights into the difficulties, which teachers face, that hinder the successful use of CLT. CLT technique Notably, the majority of activities in the EFL classroom are aimed at evaluating students’ ability to memorize and use grammar and its concepts correctly. For that reason, both learners and instructors are bounded by the need to meet certain standards while such an approach contradicts the communicative teaching orientation (Ghanbari & Ketabi, 2011; Orafi 2013; Wu & Alrabah, 2014). In their research in Iran, Wu and Alrabah (2014) have noted that teaching and learning English is complicated by various factors. In particular, the complexity lies in the fact that students need to take multiple tests that assess their ability to use linguistic forms correctly rather than their actual capability to use the foreign language to communicate their thoughts and messages. Also, Orafi (2013) mentioned that, in many cases, the emphasis is made on the use of grammar while other skills such as speaking or listening turn out to be neglected. Such an approach contradicts the CLT methodology that aims to equip students with communicative skills. Apart from that, the problem lies in the fact that teachers lack sufficient training to be able to employ the CLT approach in their c
Conducting a reflective analysis is a critical step in effectively mastering the material because it allows you to summarize the information available and identifies weaknesses that still need to be worked on. For this reason, a reflection on this course on the use of statistical tools in business is imperative. The insights gained in this course are expected to prove incredibly important for future independent research. An in-depth understanding of the reciprocal relationship between various economic variables — as well as the use of techniques to examine them reliably and critically — is of high practical value for one’s career as well. In particular, it will give greater confidence in mastering the numbers and allow you to operate statistical tools to form correct interpretations of the business laws being studied, including the correlation between the two variables. In particular, one of the assignments of the last course was to study the degree of satisfaction with the quality of food among university graduates. This is essential data that allows us to manage current student concerns and make appropriate adjustments promptly. However, in order to eliminate any errors of bias and inaccuracy, it is essential to think carefully about the sampling strategy. Asking alumni from only one group can bias the actual vector of satisfaction due to the close communication between individuals (Delaney, 2021). Therefore, the best choice for selection would be to use simple random sampling in which each student on the list is given an identification number (Mishra, 2021). The numbers are subsequently randomly selected (e.g., using a number generator), and the selected participants are interviewed in a semi-structured telephone interview. Such a solution would eliminate all problems of bias and completely depersonalize the selection of participants. In addition, it is quite cheap and does not require special technical skills and knowledge.
Summary Every part of decision requires human participation. The successes or failures result from the type of decisions that humans make. Economic decisions are often not consistent. They are also intransitive. People have to think about the kind of inputs that would provide guaranteed results. Whichever strategic tools that may be available for use; the human decisions vary from good to bad, depending on the results they achieve. Failure mostly comes from bad decisions while success may arise from right choices or luck. Business Intelligence is critical to business practices. It allows the use of technology to support decision making. The collection of information and its practical use improves business performance. It has value propositions that comprise of revenue enhancement, competitive advantage, reduction of the operations cost, and increased enterprise value. Therefore, it gathers information on customer intelligence, competitive intelligence, and market intelligence. Apart from analyzing the current status of the business, it also showcases the journey that is to be taken to be where it should be. It is the business analytics that assists a business to move from the current status to the desired goal. It involved people, processes, available technology, and insight. Others include the business, decisions and the actions to take. They all originate from the extensive use of data. Business analytics helps in the application of logic and mental processes to find meaning in data. Both the business analytics and the business intelligence are critical to the organization. The information helps to maintain business performance while the analytics propel the business towards change and growth. Business analytics has now become essential for firms that want to move from good to better performance. It requires focused leadership, the best technology, employee empowerment, and insight. Main Body Making decisions that are imperative to the success of an organization starts with the right approach to planning. The contemporary society has kept on developing different means of achieving progress. Currently, there are data principles and steps of ensuring that the processes determine an achievable goal. Planning deals with large volumes of evidence. Analytics comprises of four parts that if taken seriously could lead to organizational growth. The first part is the descriptive analytics. It deals with the past and how the organization has fared since then. The historical information delves into what occurred and why it occurred (Putler & Krider 2012). The use of inferential statistics helps to draw conclusions about populations based on the presented samples. It gives the general view about given populations. Statistics allow the organization of collected information and summarization of the same for analysis. The presentation of such reports
The article Cholesterol and Human Health uses a non-experimental quantitative research design to establish the effects of varying cholesterol levels on the heart and their overall health effects on human beings. A detailed overview of the nature of cholesterol and its composition is provided in the article (Ma, 2006). The article provides a detailed discourse of the significance of cholesterol and its effects on the human heart. An investigation on the effects of different drugs on people suffering from both good and bad cholesterol was established. Here, an ex post facto investigative design demonstrates the quantitative aspects of the study (Trochim, 2006a). The approach enabled the researcher to identify the presence and effects of external interactions which were important in solving the problems caused by the threat to external validity. Here, a critical assessment of the non-experimental nature of the research design revealed that the researcher could not manipulate the independent variable (Trochim, 2006b). The researcher wanted to demonstrate the effects of the dependent and independent variables on the outcome of the results. According to Trochim (2006a), the research confirmed the reliability of the non-experimental nature of the investigation because it lacked the aspect of randomness. Here, there was evidence of the existence of causality between the dependent and independent variables. The variables were not easy to manipulate as well (Trochim, 2006c). Besides, the level of complexity was noted to vary among the variables as well. Trochim (2006c) notes that the efficacy concept and naturalistic settings were introduced into the study to make internal validity hold. In addition to that, the study was made effective to address the problem of external validity.
The expose makes me feel like folding it up and giving up on reading as the exhilarating nervousness kills me but cannot stop until I finish. I want to know how the bad things end and if they could end up being good things. The authors have made sure that the reader gets tormented but prevent him from giving up. Suspense is just what the doctor ordered. In “death by buffet” I first get confused about what is going on since there is the journalist anchoring, talking less about the war since the pictures say it all and there is the one who used to be on the radio but loves watching. I make my conclusion that her interest in watching makes her want to work for television agencies which she does eventually. I get the news set that makes her keep asking “is this journalism” and feel relaxed as she makes me realize am reading and not in the situation. It is not good how easily it discourages one from a particular interest like the way Sarah feared being a journalist at the war front, wow, love life, how can I forget to say that love is in every human habitation. Gambling her career with love, Sarah gets confused on whether to go back to the loved one or undertake the challenge. I learn that challenges will always come my way. The next one is “life stuff”. Tom Wolfe makes sure that people like me read his articles. This one in particular is perfect. Talk of suspense and I will give an answer that tom knows how to do it best. “Have you heard about it”, this makes me restart reading the article again, teaching me that there are ways of breaking sad news. Jane handled her situation differently. If today I was told the same by my friend, I would ask myself the same questions that Jane asked herself “why me and did they have to talk about my husband”. I would hate the news kept for long before making them known. While reading, I felt like telling Jane that Pete was dead as the call attendant hesitated to do so, could it have been fear to break the sad news to a person with the possibility of being the wife? I could have exactly done what he did. The expose leaves me in a quagmire and I keep reading it until I take in that I am recalling the words still ahead, hence rating it as well. When I read “Life’s in mama house”, I get interested in meeting up with Ted Conover and getting ideas of how he thought of writing such. How the article makes the inmates seem comfortable but having some problems edifies me that whoever is new to a place must go through hardships just like the one who took a bottle of massage oil after starving for weeks, and parties are still being held in the same location. For example when there was a party and the cake was dropped accidentally. It is so good to read that it is my favorite article. The inmate’s story is so true that I would develop exactly what he talks about. I first thought the prison was an estate as it has many divisions called blocks. I stick it to my head that blocks are like wings.
Increasing global population coupled with reducing food production has made scientist and farmers to rethink of new strategy to improve food production. Genetically modified foods were first released into the market in early 1990s, with the first commercially produced food crop being tomato in 1994 1 . Genetically modified foods are produced from genetically modified organisms using genetic engineering technologies. GMOs have included both plant and animal products. Although some people argue that GMOs would help increase food production to counter the global hunger consistently experienced in most developing countries, I believe the consequences have greater negative impacts. Producing foods through genetic engineering techniques raises several concerns which include ecological and economic concerns as well as safety issues, which raises the question of its sustainability. This document therefore explores the ecological, economic and safety issues that are associated with production of GMOs. Those who support production of GMOs argue that it is able to increase the world’s food production to create surplus that is able to solve the world’s hunger crisis. In my honest opinion influenced by the available evidence, genetic engineering techniques can not solve the global hunger crisis. A study conducted by Charles Benbrook who is a Chief Scientist of the Organic Center proved that genetic engineering techniques do not lead to significant increase in yields 2 . Beginning 1997 to 2009, there was a significant increase in the land used for cultivating GMOs; increasing from 17,000km 2 to 1.34 million km 2 across the globe 3 . Despite this, there has not been any considerable increase in the world’s food production. In fact, the world food crisis increases yearly especially in the developing countries. I agree with those who believe that we are able to produce enough food using alternative forms of food production. A study conducted by Soil Association in 2008 found that several scientific studies that had been conducted on genetically modified food plants had proved that the former do not produce higher yields as compared to conventional plants 4 . The report demonstrated that genetically engineered food production do not increase yields at the national, cumulative level. According to the Soil Association, a report released by the United States Department of Agriculture in 2006 showed that the available GM food crops do not increase the potential yield of any hybrid variety; contrary to the general belief, the yield could even decrease 5 . This is a clear proof that genetic engineering techniques are not necessary in increasing the world’s food production, as opposed to what others have always argued since the average yield effects is negligible. Other agricultural methods that have been consistently used and advanced have had higher contribution to the national and global crop yield increases over the past years as compared to the genetic engineering techniques. Data at the US Department of Agriculture shows that the engineered genes have only contributed about 14% of the increase in m
Introduction Gottlieb Daimler made a significant contribution when he came up with the internal combustion vehicle. This is the vehicle that formed the foundation stone for the now world-famous brand known as Mercedes Benz. Chrysler and Daimler are the mother companies that gave rise to Mercedes Benz as an independent brand. The brand is highly respected for its superior quality. People strive to drive this brand as a mark of achievement given the prestige that is associated with it. With all the class and prestige that is attached to Mercedes, the normal business climate is experienced with all its elements such as bad times when business is low, good times when sales are high, challenging times when competition from other industry competitors make strides that threaten the position of Mercedes and dull moments when the business climate cannot be characterized as either good or bad. Other brands that are closely related to Mercedes that will feature in this paper are the Maybach and the Smart. Industry Forces for Mercedes The five forces that Mercedes, Maybach and Smart have to be aware of are the same for any industry. These forces determine the direction of the individual company. They include the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the possibility of new players joining the fray and therefore threatening the company through competition, the rivalry among the competing companies within the industry and the threats that are posed by existing competitors in the industry (Porter, pp. 97-115). Mercedes produces quality cars but this does not mean that there are no competitors.BMW is just one example of potential competitors whose presence cannot be taken for granted by the leadership of Mercedes. The Nine Cell Matrix Analysis for Mercedes Benz, Maybach and Smart Mercedes Benz as a company employs the four principles of being technologically savvy, producing superior brands, having a powerful global presence and being able to have a wide variety of products for the market. It is for the last principle of having a variety of products for the market that Mercedes finds itself in a position where some products do well in the market while others do not. The new brands of Mercedes S-Class and E-Class had sold 39% more in May 2010 compared to the figures of 2009 (BenzInsider.com).This simply tells us that these two brands are to be found in the top left box of the nine cell matrix or within the green zone. Generally, they give the company an opportunity to not only grow but also invest without hesitation. Maybach on the other hand is not a hot brand. In 2008, it sold 300 units. This is a 50% drop from the 2002 launch figure of 600. Smart is another brand that is on the downward slope. At the time of launch, Smart sold 1916 units in a period of 2 months. This has since dropped by 66% to an all time low of 278 units in the month of January. High Attractiveness: High sales or improved sales for the company as shown by the above figures are an indication of high attractiveness. In the event that the company is not making any losses or