ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ethical principles are essential for any organization. These principles help to address ethical issues that arise in organizations. Business organizations face renewed pressure to address ethical issues. Ethical principles take two approaches, namely personal and organizational. Each of the approaches incorporates various views on moral responsibility. Moreover, the approaches provide different ethical principles that can be utilized to solve organizational issues. This paper will explore Erin Ganju’s film on responsibility project. It will also examine ethical issues in organizations. Why the issues in the film are important Educating children is very important as it leads to a knowledgeable generation. Erin narrates how she used to be taught about the world by her parents. In fact, she remembers the places she visited with her parents. Education is therefore crucial to the development of a knowledgeable generation, which would then address societal problems. Good education is vital for children throughout the world in order to help address global challenges. Reading is an important element of education, this helps to impact children with required knowledge at a tender age. Moreover, practical examples are also essential to the development of children. The issues in the film help educators to improve reading culture among children throughout the world. Role of society in swaying organizational principles External pressures need to conform to organizational culture in order to achieve success. Organizations now have a challenge of ensuring close relation with external pressures. Social pressure has become more dominant in organizational issues than before. For instance, external social pressure has brought about ethical transformation in organizations. Companies now have a social responsibility of involving in community activities and charities. Moreover, they must meet demands of honesty and other social expectations. Eternal social pressure has also moved organizations to look past business laws. Business practices are increasingly being aligned to societal expectations. External social pressure has also integrated internet in its bid to control organizational ethics. In essence, external social pressure plays a big role in shaping organizational ethics. How the issues are relevant to organizational and personal issues All organizations are expected to work within acceptable ethical standards. These include honesty, communal involvement, and personal relations, among others. Education is important in strengthening both personal and organizational principles. Moreover, moral responsibility is adequately achieved when it addresses both personal and organizational issues. It is also important to note that external pressure is influential in determining both organizational and personal issues. The relationship between ethical and legal issues shown in the film Ethical issue goes beyond legal issues in the film. In fa
Introduction Globalization is perceived to mean different things to different people. With a wide-ranging level of success, academicians and practitioners are gradually becoming conversant with globalization. Researchers of peace and conflict resolution in recent decades joined the bandwagon by attempting to investigate what globalization meant to them and the global peace. The subject of globalization has multiple discrete processes and multi-dimensional making it a difficult task to explore all its perspectives with regard to global peace and conflict (Tidwell and Lerche 2004, p. 47). The multi-dimensional perspective means that there is a wide range of globalization “discourses”. A significant percentage of the global population looks at globalization as a source and a contributing factor to global peace. On the other hand, many looks at globalization as a source and a contributing factor to conflict in different world locations. A large number of case studies regarding globalization and conflict indicate that indeed globalization is not a peaceful process and the results are not peaceful. Economic, political and cultural forces emanating from the western countries have a threatening effect on local economy, culture and politics in different places such as Indonesia, Libya, Sierra Leone, Iran, among many others. However, this is only a one-dimensional perspective of conflict and globalization. The actual relationship between the two is more delicate and multifaceted. This study seeks to explore whether globalization is a peaceful process. By examining existing political institutions, cultures and economies, this study explores the probable conflict results originating from globalization. The investigation is informed by the argument that globalization is an socio-economic and political change accelerator. It may aggravate anxiety, catalyze and accelerate conflict. Characteristics of Globalization Globalization materializes to be understood differently by different people as well as schools of thought. Globalization perspectives are fundamental to the interests of many discernible intellectual orders. These disciplines include cultural and economic globalization among others. The forces associated with globalization and the enabling conditions have gradually led to economic changes in different places are also associated with changes in other spheres of humanity. Globalization in view of economy is entrenched in manufacturing procedures and scientific changes. In this regard, the products of globalization inherently emerge from the less synchronized global market and the worldwide labor division. From an economics perspective, globalization has two versions. These are the ma
Introduction This paper provides information about the possible implementation of four principles of incident management in the example of Hurricane Katrina. It investigates their applicability to the emergency case and suggests the methods of their utilization, as well as reflects on the outcomes of their execution. The paper concludes that proper mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery measures may prevent and decrease the risks of adverse consequences of catastrophes. Incident Management Principles The categorization of incident management principles serves as a guide for the prediction of damages and complications and prioritization of activities aimed to manage the adverse consequences (Huang & Xiao, 2015). During Katrina, these measures were not appropriately implemented, which led to severe outcomes. For example, the evacuations were not performed properly, the elements of the National Response Plan were executed ineffectively, and the Department of Homeland Security was not prepared for the catastrophe; there was a lack of communication and control (Davis, 2006). The proper implementation of incident management principles could have eliminated such consequences. Mitigation The primary objective of the mitigation principle is to reduce the risks of possible disaster and prevent its adverse consequences (Whybark, 2015). The utilization of this measure could have included research abo
Abstract The researcher was interested in investigating the influence of online reviews on travelers’ choice of a hotel. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Secondary sources of data included books, journal articles, and reliable online databases. Primary data was collected from a sample of travelers and hoteliers who are directly affected by the reviews. The findings revealed that online reviews have a major impact on travelers’ choice of a hotel. It was established that their purchasing decisions are largely influenced by what they find out from these reviews. Introduction Tourism is one of the industries that have been impacted by the emerging technologies, especially in the field of communication. In the past, tourists relied on the travel agents to do their reservations at hotels of their choices. However, Loooker, Rockland and Taylor-Ketchun (2007) say that tourists were left at the mercies of the travel agents. The agents had the power to choose the hotels to book, giving little attention to personal needs of the customers. According to Edosomwan, Prakasan, Kouame, Watson and Seymour (2011), tourists visiting places around the world had to rely on word of mouth in order to determine what to expect. They would rely on the information from their friends and family members who had experienced the services offered in these places in the past. However, this was not a very good way of getting to know the most appropriate hotel a traveler would consider appropriate. The emergence of advanced communication technology has completely transformed this sector. Communication has been made easier due to the emergence of internet related communication systems. Travelers can now communicate with the hotels they want to book directly through their websites. The online forums have created a large community where people can share their experiences about the services they got from various hotels. These online forums help in informing the decision of the travelers before they can make their purchases. As Hardin and Kim (2010) put it, communication through the word of mouth is still as important as it was several decades ago. People tend to trust reviews from other people. They are keen to know about the experience they underwent, what pleased them, what frustrated them, and many other issues that may directly be related to the experiences they expect to get. That is why many hotels have gone online in order to participate in the reviews and discussion. The major problem is that some hotels are using these forums to paint a negative image of their rivals in an unfair manner. This affects the operations
Introduction A lot of companies and organizations decide to undergo transformation in instances where the current strategies are not effective or profitable enough. Such transformation may involve individual persons, managers or the whole. Thus, Headland Hotel opted to embrace transformation as a solution to achieve its objectives. In order to compete favorably and stand out amongst so many other organizations in the same industry, Headland needed to embrace certain adjustments within its internal structural setting. One such available adjustment was the Excellence program. Headland Hotel management was willing to quickly take up the Excellence program largely due to the nature of the program itself (Holmes, 2010). According to Mr. Michelle Brown, the human resource manager, this program had been designed in such a way that it gave an elaborate explanation concerning its implementation. Its designers had gone a notch higher by providing support information to help give a clear understanding of the model hence little difficulties in its adoption and subsequent implementation (Horney, 2011). Implementation directions also partially guaranteed successful implementation as they served like a manual for the process. Excellence program also offered information on best plans to improve businesses. Therefore, companies adopting this program had a variety of options at their disposal to choose from since the program also opened up chances for the firm to network with other firms in the hospitality sector. Networking is a crucial aspect especially in benchmarking as well as beating competition. The management also evaluated the current improvement strategies in place and realized that many newly initiated programs had not been duly followed up after being introduced. Some had neither been evaluated nor their improvement ascertained. Thus, it was a wise option to try out the Excellence program in order to realize the required improvements within the organization. Headland Hotel and the Excellence Program Once the management agreed to indulge the Excellence program, it adopted a three strategy framework that could help realize a successful implementation of the system in the organization. The first strategy was an all-inclusive approach to the program where every member of the organization was to be involved in this important proce
As compared to some few decades ago when technology was not valued very much, present societies rely heavily on technological innovations in doing almost everything in their lives. Currently, one can work without having to travel long distances to offices via a virtual office; the wireless mode of communication has made communication easy; hence, one can send and receive messages from all over the world with a single click of a button in their electronic gadget, and one can wash and prepare meals within very short durations. This means that technological innovations and modern conveniences are an integral part of the human life, as these are things that many consider to give life a meaning. Although this modern conveniences and technological innovations are a crucial part of life, they also have negative effects, because of the harmful nature of some innovations such as the atomic bombs, pollution from automobiles, and health hazards that come with genetically modified foods. However, although modern conveniences and technological innovations have some negative effects, the benefits of such conveniences and innovations overshadow such effects; hence, modern conveniences and technological developments have greatly improved the quality of life; hence, a blessing. Most present discoveries in medicine, business, education, agriculture, transport, and communication primarily rely on technology. It is hard to imagine how life would be without this conveniences and innovations, as they are the primary determinants of the quality of life. For example, unlike in the past when traveling long distances was a problem, presently there exist very fast electric trains and aircrafts, which have made the transport process easy. In addition, innovations like the internet have made communication and learning easy, as individuals are able to learn from any geographical areas. Further, through the numerous cable, satellite, and wireless technologies, for example the television and phones, individuals are able to pass and update themselves with any developments in the world. In medicine, it is through the numerous technological innovations medical researchers have succeeded to come up with vaccines and drugs for different types o
Introduction Over time, the professional sport developed into a highly marketable asset that has an outstanding value in terms of monetary and social impact on the community. Many people across the globe consider sports events to be sociocultural activities that have to be appreciated irrespective of form and content. All kinds of mass media – especially television – have contributed to the existing shape of sporting events because broadcasting is one of the ways for all people across the globe to root for their favourite teams and find out the latest sports-related news as soon as possible (Reddin, 2017). Overall, it may be hypothesised that there is a synergy nowadays that links broadcasters and sports organisations together, which allows every stakeholder involved to satisfy their commercial interests. The presence of sports-media-business methodology makes it evident that there is much more behind sports broadcasting than just fan service and monetary benefits. The partnership established among professional athletes, sponsors, media conglomerates, and sporting event organisers makes it easier for television representatives to establish the right way of covering the biggest events for enormous numbers of people (Landrigan, 2006). The presence of free-to-air television has mitigated the challenges of the past related to broadcasting rights and quality, allowing more people to access live streams of their favourite sports. Irrespective of whether it was promoted by public or national commercial networks, it still represented cultural citizenship and an improved sense of national identity among people. In the case of Australia, the advent of free-to-air television and the so-called anti-siphoning laws became the main reasons for the advent of accessible broadcasting (Wilding, 2016). Despite the incredibly high level of commercialization, Australian sports propagation favours free-to-air television, so that as many viewers as possible would be able to watch specific events. The Rationale behind Anti-Siphoning Laws The whole idea behind passing the anti-siphoning laws was to defend the broadcast rights and provide viewers without paid TV subscriptions with an opportunity to access live broadcasts. For Australia, the application of a general competition law seemed to be inappropriate from the start (Goldsmith, 2015). This was one of the main reasons why the distinct economic characteristics came into play when the government decided to deploy the anti-siphoning laws. The utmost rationale for the advent of anti-siphoning legislation was the growing strength of communi
The current fee-for-service system has which generates practitioners’ interest in providing more services no matter whether they are valuable for the patient outcome or not. It is important to shift the emphasis to the quality of health care services from their amount, emphasizing their value instead of volume. The interest groups including the health care workers, legislators, and patients, agree that finding the ways for handling this problem is important for reorganizing and improving the whole health care system by creating appropriate conditions for medical practitioners and increasing the customers’ satisfaction. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2009 along with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 offered measures for changing the Medicare principles and the system of practitioners’ reimbursements. Thus, sections 3201 and 3203 of the Affordable Care Act, for instance, offer using academic institutions, best statistical methods and innovative technology for properly analyzing the reimbursement information and developing the fee strategies (HR 3590, p. 2055). The Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act defines the term of primary care and the amount of payment for the services (HR 4872, p. 24). Though these measures which were imposed on the state level had an impact on the local institutions, the reformation process is time-taking. It is important to develop more detailed descriptions of the procedures at this intermediate stage when the old fee-for-service system is already left in the past but the transition to a new value-focused philosophy is not completed yet. The solution of the problem of balancing the principles of Medicare, practitioners’ reimbursements, and the quality of the health care services requires developing strategies for collecting and evaluating the information and controlling the implementation of the plans at the local level for minimizing the risk of shifting the burden on the patients and especially seniors as one of the major risk categories. Reference List HR 3590. 111 th Congress 2 nd Session. Democrats Senate Website . Web. HR 4872 . 111 th Congress 2 nd Session. The Library of Congress Thomas Website . Web.
Whilst iron is considered a trace mineral in our body, it is still essential because iron is an important component of hemoglobin. This is why Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is a grave health concern because the British Nutrition Foundation (2004) reported that “3% of men and 8% of women have a haemoglobin concentration indicative of iron deficiency anaemia… Whilst in children, 3% of boys and 8% of girls aged 4-6 years, 1% of boys and 4% of girls aged 7-10 years, and 1% of boys and 9% of girls aged 15-18 years have haemoglobin concentrations indicative of iron deficiency anaemia. In addition, 11% of men and 9% of women aged 65 years and over have haemoglobin concentrations indicative of iron deficiency anaemia”. The World Health Organization (WHO) has more alarming facts about IDA because they reported that IDA is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. They reported 3.7 billion people to have iron deficiency and most of them are women. Worse, more than half of pregnant women (58%) in developing countries are anemic. The occurrence of IDA is a sad fact because can be easily taken from many food sources. Andrews (1999) informed that the form of iron in foods influences greatly how much is absorbed. About 40% of the total iron in animal flesh is in the form of hemoglobin (the same form as in red blood cells) and myoglobin (pigment found in muscle cells). This heme iron is absorbed about two to three times more efficiently than the simple elemental iron, called non-heme iron. If neither the diet nor body stores can supply the iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis, the number of red blood cells will decrease in the bloodstream. The blood hemoglobin concentration also falls. Physicians use both the percentage of red blood cells (called the hematocrit) and the hemoglobin concentration to assess iron status, along with the amount of iron and iron-containing proteins in the bloodstream. When hematocrit and hemoglobin fall, an iron deficiency is suspected. In severe deficiency, hemoglobin and hematocrit fall so low that the amount of oxygen carried in the bloodstream is decreased. Such a person has anemia, defined as a decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Hemoglobin metabolism involves formation and breakdown. The formation is initiated by the process of absorption. Unlike most elements, iron has no specific mechanism for excretion so that absorption must be closely monitored to control body content and ensure replacement of the daily loss. Many factors influence absorption, especially gastric acid, which can degrade iron salts and prevent their precipitation in the duodenum. In the duodenum, iron rapidly enters the mucosal cells of the intestinal villi, where the iron is released from heme by the enzyme heme oxygenase. There, the ferrous iron destined for the formation of hemoglobin in the developing red cells of the marrow (the erythroblasts) is converted to ferric ions by ceruloplasmin and is attached to the transport glycoprotein transferrin. The non-assimilated iron remains in the intestinal cell and is combined with the sto