ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Abu Dhabi commercial bank is a financial institution that has been facing monetary transfer problems. The bank has been unable to make monthly monetary transfer of salaries to various accounts. This problem has seen customer unable to withdraw their salaries through the bank ATM services. An analysis on the challenges by the use of the ATM machines, reveal that the quality of banking services is always affected. Another major problem is that banks are unable to integrate their banking systems for fast and reliable services. Eventually, the banks are unable to realize reasonable profits and thus have a slow rate of growth and development. Issues that affect bank’s ability to provide better services can be both internal and external. In most cases, the external factors include cases of fraud through skimming, cash trapping and pin interception. The bank ATMs are always under threat of network attacks and breakages using explosives. On the other hand, internal factors that affect ATM services include computer errors. Basically, a banks ATM services can be ineffective due mechanical and operation errors becoming prevalent (GRG Banking.com, 2011). Other inefficiencies are caused by software and communication malfunctions. The current banking technology keeps on advancing and lack of consistency in upgrading the system may interfere with ATM services. The Abu Dhabi commercial bank has problems with ATM services, since the bank and clients are unable to access important information. A research was conducted to understand the reason for the banks inability to disseminate effective and efficient ATM services. The research also aimed at making recommendations in reducing the bank’s technical problems. The research also seeks measures that will prevent the reoccurrence of the same problems in the future. The research adopted a qualitative research methodology in collecting data. Some of the research techniques employed included the use of structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered to a sample population of the banks technical team and customers. Another research technique that was administered includes interviews in various banks with similar ATM services. The interview conducted was done on bank managers. The research data analysis used statistical analysis techniques like charts and graphs. This was to provide a figurative perspective of the bank’s predicament on its ATM services. The research expected results were that the Abu Dhabi commercial bank had problems with reprogramming of its ATM machines. From this perspective, the ATM machine becomes slow in activity. The other possible outcome is that the bank’s ATM machines are counterfeit. Moreover, there is a possibility that the bank’ staff are no
Summary The boom in the global media in the recent years owes much of its success to the integration it has made possible on the cultural levels. The paper tries to gauge the extent to which media has become global with special references to the web based media and then takes up the Americanization that the social fabric of the world has become enmeshed in. The paper also seeks the reasons for these phenomena. Introduction “A Literature Review is a systematic examination of knowledge available on a topic”. It is further opined that as far as academic literature review is concerned “it involves the use of appropriate peer-viewed articles” (Dawidowicz, 2010). The paper therefore examines and categorizes various texts that fall under the purview of global media studies and analyses the context and magnitude of influence of Americanization on the media in particular and the general masses in general. Today, in the wake of globalization, the world is no longer a discreet entity but is to be taken as an organic whole. The metaphor of a “melting pot” could have aptly described the situation (Storey, 2000). People across the world are in a state of constant drift and are trying to become world players. Still, the indigenous cultures of these people and their roots can never be entirely annihilated and hence the world has become a “salad bowl” implying that though people from various cultures reside in a particular area, they still retain their individual characteristic features as in a salad bowl the various vegetables, though mixed, can be separately identified (Campbell & Kean, 1997). At the same time, one cannot deny the fact that people are more akin to see the world as a single stage and this has been made easy with the help of the proliferation of the media under the garb of globalization. This, in turn, has been possible because of the advancements in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) throughout the world and the leading contributor being America. The proliferation of world markets was perhaps understood couple of decades back when Prof. Levitt opined that the “Globalization of Markets” is about to take place at hitherto incredible rates (Levitt, 1983). This has been supported by another stalwart of the field Prof. Ohmae who has proposed the concept of a “borderless world” (Ohmae, 1989). So it is highly likely that we, as a people, are converging rather than diverging with time and the day is not far when we would be actually able to do without borders and boundaries. But this phenomenon could never have been successful without the role of the global media. The boom in use of computers and the internet and eventually becoming a necessity rather than being a luxury has led to increased connectivity among people across the borders and has contributed meaningfully to the growth and sustenance of globalization. But this has bee
Plessy v. Ferguson approached the Fourteenth Amendment literally, distinctly emphasizing “equality” in their separate but equal approach; it was Constitutional, but also politically beneficial to the white majority. Brown v. Board of Education occurred in a different socio-political climate which presented evidence that highlighted that the “equality” promoted by segregation laws was not that way in practice. The Supreme Court used data collected by psychologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark that demonstrated the negative impact of segregation on the psyche of African American children, and other evidence suggesting underfunding, overcrowding, and “inherently unequal” conditions in black schools – leading to the overturning of Plessy (“Brown v. Board of Education (1954)”). Although law is meant to be a set of enforceable rules, it cannot predict every possible situation nor are all laws going to be equally applicable after passage with time as society, technology, and other aspects of the status quo evolve (Cheeseman). Flexibility of the law is a complex legal debate, but a large majority of scholars and potentially the Founding Fathers, believed that the law can and should adapt, thus the purpose of Constitutional amendments and the Supreme Court, to set new precedent based on the ongoing situation in the country and realities of social relevance. Negotiation is the simplest of the ADR methods, a procedure of discussion between parties to come to an amicable resolution or settlement that can be then agreed to in a legal form (such as a settlement agreement) approved by a judge. Mediation goes a step further in the negotiation process by inviting a neutral third party to assist disputing parties in reaching a settlement if they are unable to do so on their own. Arbitration consists of selecting an impartial third party that examines the facts of the case and decides the dispute. Arbitrations are more complex and formal and are usually included preemptively in the contract and are guided by specific rules. Arbitrations can be binding as the decision is final and non-binding with the possibility of appeal to legal courts (Cheeseman). ADR methods vary in complexity and ramifications. A negotiation is largely voluntary, and any side may choose to walk away and begin legal proceedings. Meanwhile, arbitrations take time and the decision of the arbitrator, even if its non-binding, will be presented and likely influence the court. Business disputes are potentially highly technical and
The main benefit of Talabat for consumers is easier access to food delivery services and to a more significant number of options within one application. I used Talabat as a consumer, and from this experience, I can conclude that clients receive more value from a single aggregator application when compared to multiple delivery services or ordering delivery by phone. For instance, this application has a total of 4,300 restaurants, both local and international restaurant chains, which provide a large variety of options in terms of the price range and food preferences. Additionally, the competition between such a high number of restaurants enhances their focus on quality, and thus customers also benefit from having better meals. Lastly, if customers are not satisfied with the meal or its delivery, they can complain through the Talabat up instead of quarreling with restaurant workers and managers. This means that customers will likely be more satisfied with the whole experience, even if there are any delays or errors on the restaurant’s part. The app also has numerous benefits for restaurants, which is thy about 70% of restaurants in Dubai are listed on it. First of all, using the app allows restaurants to save on marketing expenses, as it allows them to be seen and recognized by customers in the area without spending on posters, flyers, or online advertising campaigns. Consequently, the app attracts more new clients without significant investments, which can have a positive impact on the restaurants’ profitability. Because using the app is easy, and customers do not need to visit a restaurant or call it, clients who were satisfied with the service and meal quality are more likely to become returning customers. This gives restaurants more motivation to improve the quality of their meals, and doing so has a positive impact on the satisfaction of all other customers. As a result, restaurants listed on Talabat are likely to benefit from lower marketing expenses, better brand awareness, more clients, and improved service quality.
Introduction: Back to Where It All Started In the course of the past few decades, people have been trying to make the distance between states and cultures as less noticeable as possible; an obvious result of globalization, the given phenomenon has also touched upon the specifics of the British education. In the 7 th Chapter of the book by Tim Dunne, Milya Kurki & Steve Smith, the former argues against Bulls’ opinion that “there is no escape from values.” 1 Claiming that shared values are the only thing which the modern world should strive for for the sake of science development, Dune does not take into account that the integration which is currently taking place between the English schools and the schools from the rest of the world is a natural process which is bound to bring to fruitful results. Escape from Values as a Possible Threat: There Is a Reason to Shatter the Existing Rules According to Dunn, the idea that “Values will inform the selection of topics to Be studied, and the writings and statements of academics will in turn have an impact on the political process” 2 is absolutely insane. Hence, Dunn explained, comes the weakest point of Bull’s argument, for the values within certain fields are completely independent and cannot impact one another. However, when rethinking the idea which Bull offered, one can possibly argue that there can be a grain of truth in Bull’s speculations. What Holds the Values Together: Stronger Than They Might Seem However, when it comes to taking a more critical look at Bull’s theory and Dunn’s counterarguments, one must admit that the relations between the world politics and science seem way too far-fetched. Indeed, as Dunn emphasizes, “the enforcement of human rights principles risked undermining international order” 3 does not have anything to do with reality. As a matter of fact, Bull makes rather bold statement claiming that the human rights reinforcement can affect the international order negatively, which Dunn points out in his analysis. Thus, with the help of Dunn’s argument, one can see clearly that national order is far stronger than it may seem and that sharing scientific data worldwide will not harm it in any possible way. A Danger or an Opportunity? English School Needs Reorganization According to Dunn, the idea of shared knowledge does not imply any political context and presupposes rather building stronger cultural and scholarly ties between the countries of the world than crashing the traditional values of the English school. Dunn makes it obvious that Bull’s theory need serious reconsideration, for it is rather out of date from the modern world and its constant changes: “In our globalized world, the dynamics of governance outstrip t
The use of chemicals, farm management, sustainability, GMOs, and factory farming are some of the most relevant ethical issues surrounding food production in New Zealand and worldwide. Caged chickens farming is part of this moral dilemma as millions of chickens are farmed in controversial settings that continue to elicit debate. Caged chickens are hens reared in enclosed spaces and denied roaming and participating in natural practices such as dust-bathing, perching, and dust-bathing. The ethical dilemma arises because, on the one hand, there is a need for optimization to feed the growing populations. But, on the other hand, it would not necessarily translate to people starving if the farming was done ethically. A common debate about the issue of eggs from caged chickens is whether the practice is harmful to people. The truth is, Kiwis have not always consumed caged eggs as in the early 1900s, most people kept chicken in their backyard (Wintle & Lepper, 2008). The people in favor of abolishing the method seem to lean heavily on ethical treatment of animals. People typically associate the farms with a lack of light, smell, and sick chickens ( Farming Affordable , n.d.). The debate is rarely about the eggs being harmful since unhealthy chicken could be found in both free-range and caged chicken environments. This utilitarian approach focuses on the most good for both humans and animals ( Utilitarian , n.d.). A critical point in the debate is differentiating clinical and ethical issues ( Animal Ethics , n.d.). Therefore, caged chickens do not harm people directly, but the discussion is still legitimate from an ethical standpoint. Another critical question is the scales of the debate; what goods or negatives are on either side of the issue. When New Zealand passed the law to ban battery-produced eggs in 10 years in 2012, Animal rights groups protested that the ban should have been implemented immediately (Tocker, 2012). The proposal is to shift from the ‘battery hens’ and retain ‘colony chickens,’ which are still controversial but a fair compromise. The government could not have banned caged hens immediately because it would have caused significant disruption in prices and market structure (Tocker, 2012). As it would seem, the debate has merits on both sides, and the very definition of a good depends on one’s school of thought. It is essential to consider whether the issue is more than what is legal and what is efficient. Businesses require optimization of operations; there would be no debate about the inhumane conditions of caging if inanimate o
Predominant Normative Ethical Theories   * Consequentialist Theory.   * Deontological Theory.   * Virtue Ethics. Ethical theories serve as the basis for guiding principles which are used by a person while making decisions. Ethical principles are rooted in the ethical theories, and ethicists, when trying to explain a particular action, usually refer to the principles, rather than theories. Thus, the basic ethical theories which are used by the ethicists today are Consequentialist, Deontological, and Virtue Theory (of Virtue Ethics). Consequentialist Ethical Theory “The rightness or goodness of an action is based on its potential consequences” (DeRenzo & Moss, 2006, p. 20). Sub-theories:   * Utilitarianism.   * Ethical egoism and altruism.   * Rule consequentialism.   * Negative consequentialism.   * Teleological ethics.  1. Utilitarianism – people’s interests predominate over their fears and are realized in accordance with their attitude towards consequences. At this, happiness is the best possible outcome.  2. Ethical egoism and altruism – in case of ethical egoism, consequences of the actions are considered to be good if they bring benefits to the agent; in case with altruism, everyone benefits except for the agent.  3. Rule consequentialism – serves as a reconciliation of consequentialism and deontology; this theory claims that moral behavior is all about following a definite set of rules.  4. Negative consequentialism – focuses on minimizing bad consequences and promotion of the good ones.  5. Teleological ethics – is based on the belief that the consequences of the action determine whether it is bad or good. According to this theory, the actions which maximize the good they bring are the most praiseworthy. Apart from defining which actions are right and which are wrong, consequentialism also addresses such issues as the nature of good consequences, the primary beneficiary of an action, and judging of the consequences. These theories serve as varieties of consequentialism; they concentrate on the common idea that consequences should be borne in mind when committing an action. Deontological Ethical Theory “The rightness or goodness of an action is based on the degree to which a person meets his or her duties and obligations” (DeRenzo & Moss, 2006, p. 22). Sub-theories:   * The Divine Command Theory – “makes morality rest on God’s will” (Wainwright, 2005, p. 356).   * Non-Aggression Principle – initiation of force is immoral in any case. Deontological ethical theory states that certain actions may be wrong even if they bring good consequences. Immanuel Kant, one of the supporters of this theory, believed that lying
One of the most notable forums for education funding in third world countries is the World Education Forum, which was held in Dakar. The meeting led to development of a framework for the achievement of education for all. It outlined the roles that civil society, international donors and national donors would play in the achievements of this objective (DFID, 2008). Additionally, a call to action for the Millennium Development Goals in 2007 reinforced education funding from multilateral partners. Therefore, education funding in poor countries occurs through a myriad of donor avenues. One of these routes is the UN fund as administered through UNESCO. Furthermore, several non governmental organizations also participate in the provision of these resources and they may have divergent objectives. Prior to allocation of resources to third world nations, donors often analyze the political will of the concerned government and its ability to commit to the funds. Additionally, they assess them on the basis of their level of transparency or the education policies that exist. These recipient governments need to cooperate with members of civil society in education matters, as well. However, not all donor organizations follow such rigorous procedures. Some of them may choose to donate funds to a country that lacks these qualities, but may invest in capacity-building among those nations (UNESCO, 2006). Non governmental support for education in third world countries may come in the form of debt relief schemes, budget support (general or sector), pooled funds, or through specific projects. These projects may be carried out through recipient governments or through parallel systems. Sector wide support aims to create a budgetary framework for education. General budget support systems mostly focus on development and implementation pro-poor reforms, of which education is part. Sector budget support caters to progressive sectors in governments, while pooled funds deal with programs or budget lines intended on tackling such problems. In addition, specific projects cater to the civil society and private sector education programs. These projects may take the form of bursary support or grants given to specific students in target cou
Brooks, Janet. 1996. “The Sad and Tragic Life of Typhoid Mary.” CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal 154(6): 915. Web. This article re-examines the case of Mary Mallon because of the increasing relevance of similar issues. The author explores the patient and the law’s interaction and opposition, conducting a historical analysis of the measures taken. Brooks does not directly cite any sources in his text but quotes sayings and events of the time, thus providing a useful historical overview. For this study, this source is essential with specific examples from the patient’s life and her direct quotes. Carter, Rosalind. 1997. “The Legacy of Typhoid Mary.” The Lancet 349(9053): 739. Web. Carter’s article explores the legacy of Mary Mallon’s case. Basically, the text focuses on new bacteriological discoveries and legal norms, citing medical and traditional sources. The main issue is the interaction with similar patients in the modern world and how appropriate such measures are in similar contexts. For research purposes, this article is helpful with a look at the primary mission of health departments and the comparisons used. Geison, Gerald L. “3. Divided We Stand: Physiologists and Clinicians in the American Context” In the Therapeutic Revolution edited by Morris J. Vogel and Charles E. Rosenberg, 67-90. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017. Web. This work focuses on a historical overview of the American medical system in the 19th century. The main issue is the context of the separation of physiologists and clinicians and the details of the interaction of the two areas. This review uses many sources, including those dating from the period under study. Therefore the paper is helpful in the current research as an up-to-date historical cross-section of medicine, allowing a better understanding of the case under investigation. Hasian, Marouf A. 2000. “Power, medical knowledge, and the rhetorical invention of ‘Typhoid Mary’” Journal of Medical Humanities 21(3): 123