ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction of the organization Agilent Technologies is among the pioneer companies that offer a wide range of measurement solutions to engineers, service providers, researchers and scientists. Scientists use the company’s products to test the safety of foodstuffs. Investigators use them in their inspection of crime-scene evidence. Researchers us them to study various diseases and come up with new drugs and engineers use them to develop and test a variety of devices such as satellites and surveillance systems (Agilent Technologies, 2012). Agilent Technologies has a wide global reach with its headquarters in Santa Clara, California, USA. The company was founded in 1999 as a spin-off from Hewlett-Packard (HP) with a strategic plan of developing an independent measurement organization. The company is composed of four business groups. These are: Chemical Analysis, Life Sciences, Diagnostics and Genomics and Electronic Measurement. Agilent’s mission is to offer products and services to customers that make a positive impact in their lives (Agilent Technologies, 2012). Their vision is to maintain their position as the premier measurement company in the world while building on their capacity to offer better services and attract new markets. Apart from being a measurement company, Agilent Technologies also generates sales from the computing sector by incorporating HP’s computing, printing and imaging businesses. The industry and competitors One of the functions which the company performs is electronic test and measurement. In this industry, the companies involved manufacture equipment that is used in the testing and measurement of electric signals. They do so by use of tools such as circuit testers, ohm meters and signal generators (Hoovers, 2012a). The company’s main competitors are: Danaher Corporation (Techtronix), PerkinElmer, Inc., Teradyne and Thermo Fisher Scientific. According to Hoovers (2012b), Agilent Technologies seems to lag behind in terms of annual revenues generated in comparison to some of its competitors. For instance, the company’s revenue for the 2011 fiscal year was $6,615 million with a total net income of $1,012 million. These were found to be quite low figures compared with one of its main competitors, Danaher Corporation, whose revenue for 2011 was $16,090 million and a total net income of $2,172 million. However, the company enjoys an incredible lead among its competitors in terms of better performance in the industry. This is according to the Hoovers list of the top five compani
Effect on political system of governance It ended dictatorship which was introduced by Lenin and later backed by his successor Stalin. They ensured full control of the Soviet Union and its resources and anyone against the communist rule was executed. The elevation of Mikhail Gorbachev as the successor of Stalin brought about “perestroika” program whose aim was to restructure the political system of the Soviet Union. The power of the president was devolved to the elect legislatures. The centre of power towards realization of the economic reforms, led to a political crisis in 1993. The parliament opposed the current constitution under the Yeltsin government. It was dissolved and new elections as well as a referendum ordered. A new constitution was later approved in December the same year which necessitated radical privatization. The public had more influence on the political and military institutions. The troops present in Afghanistan were withdrawn and a treaty to control arms signed with the US presidents Ronald Reegan and George Bush. The reformist team lead by Yelstin introduced “shock therapy” which lowered the total spending on military. This was diverted in re-building the economy. The judicial system was public-friendly, during the communist rule one had no opportunity to defend himself in the court. Once arrested, either harassment or execution followed, without any defiance of defense of one self. This changed the entire system and one allowed to fled his/her innocence before a court of law. Effect on Russian Economy after the fall Through Private ownership of land which allowed free-market, people were able to own land. This entitled control of it and one could even spare a portion of it and sell it. Others even practiced farming which ensured plenty supply of food products as opposed to the communist rule were government mostly set up industries to manufacture goods such as machinery rather than consumer goods. This increased food production enhancing agriculture growth. Less government interaction on ownership of enterprises and joint stock companies: Leadership was decentralized and the shareholders were granted the full control to manage the activities of their ventures. Despite the citizens inexperienced skill to control the firms (since they believed in state-owned ones), they had freedom of control. They were not limited to a particular company (as before) but free to open one of their choices. In 1998 Russia was not spared by the world recession which affected prices of commodities especially of raw materials. It depended on its oil reserves as the chief export. This made the country not to benefit its lion share through foreign trade hence a crisis in its finances. The instability during transition of the two governments made entrepreneurs and corrupt leaders to grab government properties. Due to their greed as well as lack of subsidies to the industries, led to closure of some, which increased imports compared to the exports. Social effects The rates of poverty were noted to increase during the economic collapse in the mid-1990s. Emphasis made on both macroeconomic data and indiv
The world is fast changing into one big village. Cultural diversity, religion, race, and differences in ideology, which have created barriers among nations, are fast fading as people learn to accept and tolerate each other. The free flow of capital and labor among nations give evidence of this change. The political, economic, and socio-cultural turbulence in one country that ripples across the world, further assert this existence. For example, the current economic crisis in the world is a result of increase in the cost of living caused by increase in fuel prices. What actually caused the increase in fuel prices? It was the attack of Iraq by the United States and its allies, which lowered the production of oil against the ever-increasing demand. The whole world has thus felt the effects of oil shortage. The gradual change that has seen the world become this one big village is globalization. Many factors have contributed to globalization. However, “business and revolution of communication technology” remain the main motivators (Parker 2005). Technological inventions in communication like the internet and mobile phones have stimulated globalization by easing communication. On the other hand, the desire to maximize profits by businesses drives globalization in many ways. To maximize profits, businesses must make more sales and incur small expenses. This has led to cost reduction strategies such as, moving operations to countries with few trade restrictions, taxes, and logistics. To maximize sales, these businesses move to regions with high populations and little competition. The rise of big companies with excess capital to invest has led to globalization too as these companies search for regions to invest. The approaches Trans-National Companies may take to tap into the global market vary. First, the companies may invest directly into the foreign markets thereby establishing production units in those regions. However, this decision has challenges ranging from unfair treatment in foreign markets, inability to predict changes in policies that may affect business, and lack of understanding of cultural beliefs, which might prove costly. Secondly, a Trans-National Company may use strategic alliance, which enables it to pool resources and command considerable finances and knowledge. Franchising, management of contracts and joint ventures are other possible approaches. There are many challenges to globalization. The choice of management structure is one of such challenges. As businesses expand their operations, they venture into unique markets that one manager cannot fully understand. This leads to the need for regional managers with autonomous control. However, this is challenging as people have different personalities and cannot lead the same way. Another challenge is the choice of products. Having standardized products for all markets may make the pro
Introduction In a controversial manner, the issues about ethnicity and immigration have continued to raise questions among those who live in America. Today, America has become the home place of millions of people who have diverse ethnicity. Some of the people living in America are immigrants who had left their homeland because of several reasons (Dublin 87). Some of the reasons why they left their countries include political conflicts, natural calamities, and search for better jobs and to raise their living standards. Having settled in America, these immigrants became part of the larger population which was mainly dominated by white people. Their assimilation into America probably was a tough experience for some of them who were closely attached to cultural ethnicity (Dublin 55). Thus there are those immigrants who found it difficult to adapt the American culture as they were already used to their own ethnicity. Eventually, the immigrants were absorbed into American culture though some of them did not get rid of their own ethnicity. Despite their multiculturalism, it was very essential for them to embrace the national unity. In his book, Dublin raise questions about individuals and their relationship to ethnic and national identity. The objective of this paper therefore is to address the issue about individuals and their relationship to ethnic and national identity. The paper also discusses about my own ethnic identity and that of your paternal and maternal forbears (parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles. In line with this, I will discuss how I can trace my ethnic roots, the aspects of ethnic culture (language, traditions, customs and holidays) that I still preserve. Apart from this, the paper will also discuss the extent in which my family and I have accepted assimilation in America. Finally, I will discuss what it means to be an American. Ethnicity and National Identity Ideally, many people are normally rooted to their various ethnic backgrounds. This has led to controversial issues concerning people’s ethnicity and their national unity. Considering the fact that multiculturalism exists in most countries, there is need for people to embrace national identity. Even with diverse ethnicity, citizens of a country can still living together and share their national identity. According to Dublin, ethnicity is an issue that has led to enmity among citizens of the same country (Dublin 21). This is because some people are strongly attached to their ethnicity and are unable to appreciate other cultures. Multiculturalism has often led to enmity among people living within a certain region or country (Saha 47). In this case it may be impossible for an individual to realize his/her national identity. Regardless of any kind of ethnicity, an individual should be able to recognize the spirit of togetherness. When migrants move into other countries, it is more appropriate for them to adapt new cul
The Essence of the Investigated Issue There is a clear potential conflict of interest in the reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (SADRs) when viewed from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies. It is possible that if a drug manufacturing company discovers that its drug has adverse reactions such as suicide among its users, economic considerations in terms of the amount of money the company has already invested in producing the drug will make the company downplay the adverse effects of the drug. In this case, the drug will out to the market and be used by customers who will continue getting affected by the negative side effects or adverse effects. In this case, the vested interest of the company in the issue of adverse drug reactions will have made its report erroneously. Another dimension of conflict of interest in reporting adverse drug reactions may exist among rival organizations that have connections to alternative drugs for the same conditioning this case, if a reviewer of drug information is picked from a section that also produces drugs that deal with the same problem, the reviewer may tend to exaggerate the adverse effects of the drug under review as a way of pushing customers to the alternative. The Vastness of the Conflict of Interest in Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions Conflict of interest in reporting adverse drug Reactions is a huge problem. This is because of the possibility of a company producing a drug that has adverse side effects and then failing to make this information available to members of the public. This will lead to a scenario where we have users of the said drug experiencing adverse reactions because of using the drug. The outcomes would include death, the development of other serious or less serious medical conditions or health complications, and the spending of more money in seeking treatment which will negatively affect the economic status of the concerned users. The ways to deal with the problem of conflict of interest in reporting Adverse Drug Reactions The first way to deal with the problem of conflict of interest in reporting Adverse Drug Reactions is by having the government of the United States Congress set up an independent body to make thorough investigations of all drugs that are suspected to be having adverse reactions on the people who use them. The information available to the manufacturing companies should also be checked as well as the information these companies have made available to users of these drugs or members of the public. In addition to this, serious penalties should be set for companies that withhold information regarding adverse drug effects from members of the public who use the concerned drugs. This will help prohibit companies from withholding this information that is likely to help customers make informed decisions while handling drugs that are likely to affect their health negatively. The government should also ensure that its physicians as well as other specialists are aware of the drugs being produced by pharmaceutical companies through the presence of these officials during the experimentation process. This will enable these officials to have som
Human beings use technology for various reasons. One of the key aims of using modern technology is to make life easier and secure. This is possible through the many shortcuts that modern technology has brought in terms of accessing various services that would have otherwise taken too long to access (Fehily 17). There is no single aspect of human life that has not seen the impacts of using modern technology. The use of social network sites like Facebook and Twitter, and equipment like computers (including related gadgets), and mobile phones have simplified communication among people. File sharing is an aspect that has brought economic, moral, and legal controversies throughout the world. This discussion outlines the key consequences of file sharing among peers, friends, and family members. File sharing refers to the distribution of digital messages among individuals. These messages may be in the form of songs, videos, video clips, images, graphics, or pictures. It is easy to share these messages through computers connected to networks, social sites, or using removable mass storage devices. People who share files consider a number of aspects that propel them to prefer this as a suitable alternative compared to purchasing the file from known vendors. The presence of these files on the internet enables peers, friends, and workmates to share them easily. Modern technology has simplified access to millions of information on the internet. This process involves basic stages as long as an individual has the domain name where he can retrieve the file (Wang 25). The presence of many search engines and notifications propel individuals to find it easy to access sites containing fascinating messages. Computers and internet connections are becoming cheaper courtesy of competition among computer manufacturers and internet service providers. This has led to the establishment of sites that provide shortcuts to accessing various files available on the internet. Celebrities have found it convenient to gain popularity by allowing some of their products to be downloaded free of charge from various sites. They view this as the best way through which they can promote their popularity among the eager public. On the other hand, companies have come up with simplified access routes to their services by allowing free downloading and sharing of vital documents. This carefree provisions aim at promoting the popularity of such companies as an attempt of fighting their competitors. Celebrities have found it cheaper to gain popularity by allowing their fans to access their products without prior permission (Brains 22). Therefore, they are able to suppress upcoming competitors, and thus remain dominant in the market. On the same hand, companies have used file-sharing as an appropriate way of promoting their products by offering free downloads and sharing trial versio
Introduction Climate change is one of the current ubiquitous and controversial environmental issues. Some scholars allege that climate change is human caused, and mainly through greenhouse gases that are continuously emitted by companies. However, others argue that it is caused by natural forces such as; volcanoes and solar variations (Hayhoe par.9, 14). With these, this paper analyses some of the reasons given to show that; indeed, climate change is anthropogenic. Assertions of Climate Change being Anthropogenic and Evaluation The first assertion is by the Institute of Physics, whereby in a research conducted, there was a general consensus; that indeed, the current global warming is human caused. There was a general conviction that human activities heightened the rate of greenhouse gases such as, methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide; hence, causing climate change (Institute of Physics par. 1-2). This is a rather preconceived notion considering that other natural activities such as water vapour, volcanic episodes, and solar variation cause climate changes. In this case, the report is not convincing and only seems to focus on one side while completely ignoring the natural side. Additionally, the second assertion is related to a report presented by the IPCC, which indicated that there was a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the air within the past 8,000 years and Miller and Spoolman’s work. According to IPCC, carbon dioxide has gone up; thus, it is sound to allege that climate change is anthropogenic (Global Greenhouse Warming par.5-6). Similarly, Miller and Spoolman (10-11) indicate that, in a report released by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 1,360 professionals agreed that human activities have degraded around 60% of the earth’s ecosystem. Climate change has been linked to pollutant activities such as coal burning, industrial wastage, use of pesticides, and other toxic chemicals. This is a highly biased assumption as the authors have failed to analyse the natural factors that might contribute to climate change. Although human activities cause global warming, it should not be assumed that other natural occurrences have no effect on climate. The third assertion is by Farley who alleged that most of the Americans continue to argue that the burning of fossil fuels has recently contributed to global warming; thus, it is possible that climate change is human oriented and not necessarily natural (Farley par. 1). Most of the authors who agree that climate change is anthropogenic link the changes to greenhouse gases. Others attribute the increase of carbon dioxide since industrialization to the cutting down of trees and fossil fuel burning. According to Farley, when carbon dioxide increases in the atmos
With age, people may experience diseases differently due to their immune systems becoming weakened. Some types of skin wounds can develop into dangerous conditions that influence other healthcare problems and lead to complications. Shingles (herpes zoster) is a wound that appears more frequently in frail elders, and its challenging options for prevention make the condition a challenging problem for some individuals (National Institute of Aging, 2016). A care plan for a patient with shingles includes assessment and diagnosis based on physical examination, treatment of the virus, management of the symptoms, and patient education about wound hygiene and future prevention. The Impact of Skin Wounds on Frail Elders Frail elders often have many comorbidities, since environmental and patient factors heavily impact their immune system. Skin wounds can develop due to viruses (herpes zoster), bacterial infections, and the lack of mobility (Johnson et al., 2015). While some of them may be treated, such patients need to acknowledge that prevention is the best way to avoid complications. For example, a shingle is a condition that can pass without additional issues. On the other hand, the lack of preventive care results in long-term pain (postherpetic neuralgia), other infections, and various neurological problems (Kawai, Gebremeskel, & Acosta, 2014). Therefore, a frail elder who has developed shingles should be provided with timely treatment to lower the impact of the virus and avoid additional problems. Patient Case The discussed patient is a 67-year-old female who presented to the office with such complaints as pain on the right side of her chest and neck that had been persistent for three days. During the day of the appointment, the woman also noticed a rash in these areas. The assessment of the wound revealed that the patient has a skin rash characterized as a strip of red dots on the right part of the chest and neck (Kawai et al., 2014). Other symptoms included pain and tenderness in the area of the rash, light fever, and fatigue. The diagnosis of the patient was based on the physical examination and the review of history which revealed that she had chickenpox as a child and did not have any varicella vaccinations. The treatment incorporated valacyclovir (antiviral drug) to reduce the impact of the virus and lidocaine topic applications to relieve pain (Johnson et al., 2015). The patient was advised to reduce stress, wear comfortable and loose-fitting clothes to avoid wound aggravations, and apply cool patches to the affected areas (National Institute of Aging, 2016). Future Considerations The patient’s care plan included treatment and management options that were not burdened to the patient. The proposed therapy was effective as the patient’s pain was reduced significantly, and the developed blisters cleared out in approximately two weeks. However, some preventative health options should have been recommended to the patient to reduce the risk of future infections and complications. The herpes zoster vaccine can be s