ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In e-learning, there are various concepts, principles and theories that variably impact the process of dissemination and reception of information. As a matter of fact, in order for adequate learning to take place, there is need for various essentialities to be keyed in appropriately. In this paper, focus is going to be on highlighting how the principles of modality, redundancy, coherence and personalization influence e-learning. In doing so; relevant concepts, ideas, facts and authoritative scholarly opinion on cross-cultural negotiations from relevant books and articles will be used to further the arguments presented herein. Additionally, a video review and a succinct analysis of the usage of fitting e-learning principles will also be presented to exemplify the importance of these learning principles. Modality Principle In e-learning, several researchers have reportedly been able to evidentially find that the presentation of words in audio results in better learning when compared to words presented on on-screen text. This design theory which supports the use of audio narration, instead of on screen text, is what most e-learners refer to as the modality principle (Mayer & Moreno, 1998, p.1-3). Based on cognitive research from various scholarly quarters, supporters of the modality principle recommend that words should be presented in spoken form rather than in printed form—whenever the usage of graphics is entailed in the learning p
At the beginning of 2018, Food Safety News published the breaking news about Salmonella found in pet food (Desk, 2018). The issue is that the company Raws for Paws is recalling a party of its pet food because there is a possibility that the food is contaminated with Salmonella. Moreover, two children have already been infected with Salmonella due to the contact with this pet food. This information is disturbing because Salmonella is a pathogen microbe considered to be one of the major causes of diarrheal diseases (World Health Organization, 2018). Salmonella is common for wild and domestic animals, food animals in particular. The factors contributing to the spread of the organism include violation of the food chain control measures, poor hygiene, and contact with animals carrying Salmonella. Salmonella as a leading foodborne pathogen is cultured in laboratories to develop effective treatment strategies (World Health Organization, 2018). The abovementioned article reports on the actions taken by the company as soon as the problem was identified. The two children that were infected live in the same household. The consequences of the case are not favorable for one of the children because he got septicemia which is a blood infection, and osteomyelitis, a dangerous bone infection (Desk, 2018). The Minnesota Department of Health and the Minnesota Department of Agriculture proved the coincidence of the Salmonella strain found in the children and the one revealed in four samples of pet food. After that, the company started informing the clients about the danger and recalled their product. The case is of great epidemiologic significance because Salmonella provides a hazard to the health of humans and animals. It is particularly dangerous because the microbe can be found in diverse locations all over the world. For example, the case of Salmonella Enteritidis outbreak in 2017, which touched some countries of the European Union, was caused by the consumption of eggs that came from Poland (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2017). Another problem with the pet food distributed by Raws for Paws was the fact that manufacture date was not indicated on the individual plastic packages. Thus, the customers had to throw away the packages they purchased after October 12, the day when the infected pet food was manufactured. The case with Raws for Paws is not unique. The FDA study indicated 15 Salmonella cases out of 196 samples of pet food for the period from 2010 to 2012 (Desk, 2018).
Introduction Material management and procurement processes are all important parts of PHC supply chains. In order to facilitate efficient supply chains, most PHCs have dedicated software for material coding, inventory management, and medical supply and demand projections. Despite this, most governments, including the UAE, do not have any precise instructions for managing PHC-related materials such as drugs, vaccines, personal protective equipment, medical equipment and the like, in primary healthcare facilities. Various studies report that inefficient materials management and procurement can cause drug shortage, prolong laboratory investigations, and cause incidents of non-utilization of government-funded health facilities available to the general public. Most drug shortages are caused by improper demand projections, while laboratory on-provision delays are caused largely by equipment malfunctions, employee shortages, and shortages of required reagents. Management of these resources includes their procurement process, storage, distribution, maintenance, and disposal. The purpose of this paper is to map out and analyze the materials management and procurement processes in Abu Hail Health Center, Dubai, identify the gaps and redundancies in their current SCM and propose a set of solutions and recommendations to improve the situation. Background Abu Hail Health Center is a relatively small PHC that provides quality healthcare to the people of Dubai and surrounding areas. It has a total of 141 qualified medical personnel, out of which 47 are doctors and 94 are nurses and paramedics. This PHC is currently under the administration of the Ministry of Health. It was set up in 1999, meaning it is a relatively modern PHC. It possesses good capabilities and resources required for cutting-edge medical treatment (“Abu Hail health center,” 2017). Aside from standard medical procedures, Abu Hail Health Center operates a well-equipped laboratory with state-of-the-art investigative medical facilities. It also provides radiography services , which include standard radiography and X-ray, ultra-sound, mammography, fluorography, OPG, and other services. Healthcare Utilization Indicators Three healthcare utilization indicators that influence the population around Dubai. PHC are socio-economic standing of the population, median age of the population, and quality of offered care. Socio-economic standing stands for how rich the population is. If the majority of patients have jobs and savings, and are not constrained by monetary concerns, they are more likely to utilize PHC facilities. Median age has a direct correlation to the number of PHC visits, since old age is associated with numerous ailments and diseases. Lastly, the quality of provided care directly corresponds to the level of trust between the patients and the PHC workers, meaning that patients are more likely to attend PHCs with high quality of care. Effective chain supply management has a direct corr
Introduction   * Floods on October 30th, 2013 were disastrous.   * The territory of central Texas was flooded.   * More than 660 emergency calls were received.   * 5 people lost their lives during the flood.   * Emergency telephone lines were overwhelmed with calls.   * Panic and fear were the causes of calls.   * In total, 533 calls from homeowners were received. The catastrophic consequences of the devastation in Central Texas and, in particular, in the city of Austin, were caused by flooding. The private property of many people suffered from the disaster, and a large number of people were forced to leave their homes. However, there were casualties, and colossal losses were received because of the catastrophe. Emergency workers received hundreds of calls, which led to the overload of communication lines, and many people could not get help for various reasons, including panic, bad communication, rash actions, and other reasons. Factors Affecting Response Failure   * Panic was one of the reasons for response failure.   * Homeowners unreasonable actions were fraught with additional difficulties.   * The fear of the disaster caused rash actions.   * People were lost in situations when it was necessary to make quick decisions.   * The operators of the rescue service could not receive full information.   * Not all the residents could cope with panic.   * Some people were not ready for a major
Overall, the art of screenwriting remains for the general public a somehow mysterious kind of creative work that is difficult to appreciate. Indeed, in cinema, unlike theater, the fate of the printed text is inextricably linked with the interpretation that the director will give it in the only product that will be released on screen. The dramatic structures of script construction in cinema are based on laws of action development, embedded in the theoretical and practical experience of creating a dramaturgy. Modern methods of analysis and creation of scenario structures in theory and practice are drawn in the first place on the Aristotelian scheme of the development of dramatic action. This same scheme was later reinterpreted for filmmaking in Linda Seger’s three-part structure, Sid Field’s paradigm, and the laws of composition by R. Mackey. According to Chiarulli (2021, p. 113), “the first cinema storytelling manuals often refer to a sort of “wave” motion of the action which should rise and fall and space out the different segments of the narrative”. Through their chosen theme, the screenwriter conveys the main idea of ​​the script to the audience, raising a number of questions of concern to it and answering its interests. A script is never written abstractly but always designed for a certain specific audience. Harrod and Powrie (2018, p. 6) claim that “contemporary comedies have developed more of an interest in the concept of specific groups of people, covering not just ethnic communities, but queer communities, professional communities, and others”. Eternal themes of the meaning of life, death, love and hate, war and peace, power and capital become the basis of screenwriters’ creative conception. Each author’s disclosure is deeply individualized through the lens of their views. Elseewi (2019, p.195) argues that “filmmaking is the site through which this nation composes itself and explores the ambivalence at the heart of American national subjectivity”. Basic visual and auditory images are heavily influenced by the screenwriter’s cultural and social background. For example, Benis (2020, p. 27) states that “while American mainstream screenwriting models are now hegemonic and increasingly present in Portuguese film culture, it is also true that Portugal has a strong ‘author-oriented’ film tradition”. A clear understanding of the interpenetration of classic samples of dramatic action structure and ethnical identity offers a potentially new approach to cinema analysis. Moreover, the concept may also be used in the creation and development of new screenwriting techniques. Literary Techniques of Screenwriting Script creation always begins with the processing of artistic and documentary material, as well as the collection of information, with the help of wh
Definition A hydraulic pump is a pressure dependent device that is designed and built to drive fluids (particularly liquids) in open-loop hydraulic-driven systems or to re-pressurize fluids through a driven motor in a closed-loop, and delivers power mechanically to machinery through the pump’s rotation. There are several types and a majority of them are adjustable in order to regulate the amount of pressure delivered by the pump – few are not; depending on whether the pumps are hydrostatic or hydrodynamic. The pumps are built to varying specified parameters in accordance with engineering or industrial usage. Several hydraulic pumps have been known to be of use to primordial Greeks, Romans, and the Chinese – by the 9th century, the interest of Islamic inventors s in the usage of hydraulic pumps brought in a lot of innovation for compactable, functional, efficient, and more productive hydraulic pumps when Al Khzini, and other reformed the devices. Characteristics of Hydraulic Pumps Hydraulic pumps are characterized by pump volumetric efficiencies, pump-horsepower, as well as the general efficiency. The following formulae are applicable in determining same in piston used pumps:   * Volumetric output of fluid = area of piston X RPM X piston stroke X number of pistons   * Theoretical output =area x piston stroke X number of pistons Cycle:   * Volumetric efficiency % = Actual volumetric output x 100 Theoretical Output:   * Pump horsepower = Pressure X rate of Flow X 0.000583 Efficiency:   * Overall efficiency = Volumetric efficiency X Mechanical efficiency Types of Hydraulic Pumps Figure 1 presents a number of commonly found hydraulic pumps. Figure 1: Some common pumps: (a) Gear-pump with external teeth; (Gear-pump with internal teeth; and (c) Fixed displacement vane pump Gear Pumps These types of pumps could either be of the type with external teeth or could possess internal teeth; the earlier is in a very simplified structure and offers high economy to usage. For external teeth, the swept-volume is within the ranges of a cm 3 and 200cm 3 creating a mesh of its gear-teeth that exacts a pressure on fluids through the outlets. A number of these are really very noisy during operations- although recently developed ones are very reliable and operate with reduced noise. Rotary Vane Pumps These constitute fixed and simplified adjustable pumps with a comparable higher efficiency than gear-pumps- except their usage is confined to mid-pressure that is limited to 180 bars, generally. Certain vane pumps are capable of changing the vane-body’s center resulting to the ability to adjust the pumps. The vanes usually offer constant-pressure or constant-power. Scr
The article Art for Money’s Sake written by William Alden throws light on some of the important trends related to art dealing. In particular, the author speaks about the functioning of an art-storage company which is called Uovo. This organization serves the needs of various affluent clients. At first, one should speak about people who want to purchase various artworks representing different historical periods. In particular, the company enables potential buyers to learn more about various paintings which are available on the market. It should be mentioned that Uovo has a very elaborate database which helps clients to search for various artworks (Alden). This is one of the competitive advantages that this company has. To a great extent, this organization performs the functions of a mediator. More importantly, this company enables customers to evaluate a painting as a potential financial asset (Alden). In particular, they can tell buyers if the price of the painting will change in the future. This service is of great use to people who want to buy the paintings of artists whose works may grow in value in the future (Alden). This is one of the details that should be taken into account. Additionally, Uovo serves the needs of investors who want to store an artwork in a safe manner. This opportunity is also of great importance to many affluent individuals because they want to make sure that an artwork is not stolen or damaged in any way. To some degree, this organization performs the functions of a bank and a consulting company. This example is important because it demonstrates how art market may function during the following decade. This is one of the details that should be taken into consideration by the readers by the reader of this article. Additionally, William Alden notes that affluent Americans tend to regard artworks as a form of investment. At the global level, this market has constituted $ 68 billion (Alden). This tendency creates many opportunities for companies that provide services to such clients. For example, these people may need the services of people or organizations that can evaluate the potential financial value of a painting or a sculpture. This is why companies like Uovo begin to play an important role in the future. On the whole, the author mentions a very significant issue that should not be overlooked. In particular, one should speak about the changing role of art. At present, it is not only the expression of ideas, feelings, or thoughts (Alden). At present, art has turned into a tool for gaining or preserving monetary value (Alden). In other words, it has turned into a financial asset. Furthermore, such organizations like Uovo can shape the work of many artists, because the opinions of such agencies will be recognized by many affluent buyers (Alden). This is one of the aspects that should not be overlooked. Nevertheless, one should keep in mind that this market remains relatively unregulated at this point. This is why clients may face potential risks. More importantly, many artworks can be concealed f
Introduction Global financial crisis remains a major point of concern in recent years. The world has witnessed varying periods of this nature, with the crisis of early 1930s having led to major global effects. Although the effects of these crises have always been felt by almost every nation of the world due to the existence of intertwined issues, the United States and Greece have considerably captured the world’s attention in 2007 and 2011 respectively. With the current crisis being directly felt by Greece and other European nations, it is believed that the manner in which a country responds to this crisis determines its overall impact. As such, strategies like bailouts and austerity plans having commonly been adopted by the U.S and Greece in trying to mitigate serious effects that could occur (Puri, Rocholl & Steffen, 2011). Nevertheless, looming danger of the situation in Greece has forced the European Union to intervene in order to safeguard the impact of the crisis on the Euro zone and the entire world. In general the United States and Greece have had to face the financial crisis in varying ways as dictated by different factors to stabilize their economies and prevent its reoccurrence in future. This paper compares and contrasts these two countries’ political responses to recent economic volatility; how they been similar and how have they differed in re-setting national policy in this area. Additionally, the role of democracy has been incorporated coupled with the influence of globalization, political actors and fundamental constitutions. U.S Financial Crisis The financial crisis of the late 2000s, also referred to as Global Recession, is still considered as the worst economic crisis to be experienced since the Great Depression that left several economies on their knees. It resulted into a number of mitigation strategies which included but not limited to bailouts that were facilitated by the national bank, collapse of uncountable financial institutions and huge downturns in markets across the globe (Foster & Magdoff, 2009). Additionally, the housing sector was seriously hit, leading to loss of employment by thousands of Americans who earned their living from the housing industry, foreclosures and cases of evictions as many
Biography of Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton, a young American president was elected twice as representative of a democrat in spite of all harsh criticism on his governmental fiscal policies, legal reforms, and foreign policies for Bosnia-Kosovo (stoppage of war of ethnicity) and personal scandals. He had been continuously victim of inexorable criticism of the Republican Party and ultimately he had to be humiliated due to an impeachment trial by the U.S Senate (American President FrontPage, 2008). From the very childhood, Bill Clinton dreamt of being President, who was born in 1946, educated in public schools in Hot Springs, Arkansas. William Jefferson Blythe III, his late father was died in a traffic accident three months before his birth and his mother married Roger Clinton when he was four years old. His personality was groomed due to his excellence and brightness in education and he emerged as an intelligent student, saxophone player, scholar, politician, and president. Clinton was motivated to become a politician or president after first meeting with President John Kennedy as a delegate to Boys Nation at the high school level (Biography of William J. Clinton, 2008). He had obsessive passions for politics, started to involve in politics from his student life at high school and later at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He joined the committee staff of Senator William Fulbright of Arkansas and attended Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar in 1968 which helped to boost up his political career. He was elected as state attorney general in 1974. He was graduated from Yale Law School and joined the University of Arkansas as a Law lecturer. Clinton won the seat of the governor as the youngest politician at the age of thirty-two in 1978. In 1992, Clinton was nominated for the presidency of America by defeating President George H. W. Bush (American President FrontPage, 2008). Clinton proclaimed to improve the sluggish economic growth of America, refurbishing crime laws, taxation, and job opportunities for welfare recipients, and reduction of military expenditures for domestic uses, reformed policies & legislation for abortion, environmental protection, educational prospects, equal employment, and national health insurance. Clinton had to face merciless attacks of Republicans as his conservative opponents ran aggressive campaigns against him in 1994 when his complex health care reform bill was rejected by Congress. Clinton rejected to sign controversial budget bill, presented by the Republican-controlled Congress despite all federal governmental pressure, he remained resolute and influential to win the second term of presidency in 1996 (American President FrontPage, 2008). Clinton administration had to face two drawbacks, firstly, his failure to approve the health care reform bill, secondly his impeachment trial by the House of Repr