ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In regard to the issue of criminal justice, an area that has attracted a lot of split points of discussion is the area of death penalty. This refers to taking a person’s life following an order from the judicial system considered to be the penalty for committing an offence. Scores of masses support the death penalty sentence but there have been a lot of calls to abolish the death sentence. As at the present, a majority of the countries in the world have agreed to the pleas to do away with death penalty, either lawfully or in practice but there are some countries that still exercise death penalty even including it as a law. An example is the USA where the supreme law has actively retained and practiced capital punishment or death penalty. Thesis Ulcepo (2003) noted in his article that though capital punishment continues to be practiced today in several countries like the USA, my feeling is that pleas calling for the abolishment of the death penalty should be heard owing to a number of feelings that have continued to be expressed. Crimes that fall under the capital crimes are murder, rape and drug dealing. Sentencing a criminal who is said to have committed a capital crime to death has not shown any deterrent factor in ensuring that would-be-criminals are discouraged from committing crime. Despite criminals being sentenced to death, capital crimes such as murder and rape have been on the rise as indicated by the statistics. This therefore shows that the intended reason for the death penalty which is majorly to deter such crimes from elevating has failed which begs the question of why it is still continually practiced. The mode which death penalty is administered has been shown to be inclined towards certain race and the poor. Statistics conducted on the number of the death row inmates have shown that a majority of those awaiting prosecution draw their origin from a certain race, the minorities as well as those who hail from poor backgrounds. This shows that the method of profiling used in the judicial process is bias and therefore it is fit to say that justice is not administered fairly and hence the call for abolishment of capital punishment (Ballard, 2003). An economic consideration should be given to the costs of death penalty. The process of trial and convicting a criminal and finally executing them have been found to be much higher than the alternative to capital punishment which is life imprisonment. The process of convicting a criminal is a long one and which call for several sources of gathering facts. In the society we live in today there are high chances that the process of gathering the facts will be prone to manipulations owing to influence and interests of the involved individuals. The result is that there arise cases which an innocent person is wrongly subjected to death penalty. This is wrong since a person’s life is taken unjustly. Religion has always been a major facto in shaping our morals and the way we make the laws (Blume, 2008). Morality as well as the law teaches us that nobody has the right to take another person’s life. Executing a person therefore goes against the moral pl
The creation of ancient societies require the participation of the individual either as an ordinary member of the community or as a leader. Both ruler and subject require a set of principles or a belief system that will guide them. In most cases this is provided by the state religion. In others it is supplied by a philosophy that guides them in their thought process and provided ground rules in making crucial decisions. In ancient India one can find a religion established by Gautama Buddha. In ancient China one can find Confucianism as a guiding light. In Greece one can find the Socratic philosophy that was so influential it even transformed the whole of Western civilization. In this study Buddhism, Confucianism, and Socratic philosophy will be examined side-by-side to understand how principles gleaned from these three systems of belief were used to help individuals discover their role in ancient society. Buddhism In Buddhism one of the most influential principles can be gleaned from Gautama Buddha’s Four Noble Truths. In the First Noble Truth there is an important teaching about misery its causes and how to eradicate from a person’s life. This idea has transformed the way Buddhist societies functioned especially when it comes to the role that individuals should play in society. One of the most significant idea that can be found under the First Noble Truth is the one that says: “to wish for what one cannot have is misery” (Stearns, p.70). It was a radical statement in those times. Just like today, people in ancient worlds lusted for power, wealth, and prestige. One can just imagine the striving, the competition, the desire to get ahead and the need for more influence, clout, more money, more servants, more properties. All of a sudden this teaching comes along and people were told that the desires of men is the root cause of misery. It must had been a sobering thought for many. For those who struggle to get ahead in the social rat race the idea was revolutionary. It was as if a burden was lifted from the shoulders of those who cannot handle the competition and the exploitation. When this teaching became popular it was no longer necessary to aspire for greatness and to accumulate wealth because all were vanity. More importantly these things will not make a person happy. This is probably the reason why Buddhism became very popular in this region during ancient times. It gave people hope. It gave them direction in life. It gave them rest, a respite from a life full of strife, deceit, and suffering. From a political standpoint the teachings of Buddha is also very important because the leaders, especially if they were Buddhists themselves can make the people calm down, make them less restless and help them feel more contented with what they have. In other words leaders can actually use these principles to create a society filled with individuals that are less prone to rise up in rebellion and demand for more benefits and more individual rights
Introduction Employee compensation and benefits characterize an investment from which an organization derives value. In this regard, it is imperative for the company to manage this investment in line with the overall organizational strategy as opposed to writing it off as an expense. In view of hiring the new senior Secretary for Capital Nursing Home Limited, it is important to design and implement a compensation and benefits plan that will not only attract competent candidates, but also ensure that the company receives the best service from the employee attributed to motivation (Kouzes & Posner, 2012). This will ensure that the company retains skilled and competent employees thus reducing the rate of employee turnover (Massey & Gary, 1992). Senior Secretary Total Compensation The following is the proposed personalized compensation plan for the Senior Secretary at Capital Nursing Home Limited (CNH). The proposal indicates the contributions CNH will make towards the Total Compensation package. The proposal demonstrates that the value of the employee’s benefits augmented with the annual salary and provides the total compensation. This is to illustrate to the employee how much his/her service is valued at CNH. Senior Secretary Job Description The Senior Secretary will have the responsibility for the general supervision specifically in assisting all tasks associated with systematic operations of the physician practice. The secretary’s duties will include receiving phone calls in a pleasing and receptive manner and direct the calls suitably (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2013). Qualifications The position for Capital Nursing Home Senior Secretary entails standard secretarial responsibilities. In addition, it requires the creation of rapport among the company departments for organizational efficiency, handling of petty cash and other minor duties. The potential candidates SHALL meet the qualifications outlined below to be considered eligible. The position needs two (2) years of secretarial training in a recognized institution or completion of secretarial training or equal business knowledge, skill and familiarity. The candidate MUST possess at least three years of experience in related field. A Bachelor degree in relevant fields is desirable. The candidate must be computer literate with an International Computer Driving License and have the capacity to type 55-65 words per minute. Domestic Compensation and Benefits Remuneration The successful candidate for the position of Senior Secretary shall receive a competitive package that includes compensation and benefits. The initial annual base pay is $40,000. Other cash benefits (Annual bonus) will total to $1,200 while the company paid benefits will sum to $18,940. The total compensation for the new senior secretary is $60,140 annually. The breakdown for the remuneration is as indicated below. Benefits The total annual benefits for a senior secretary as paid by the company amount to $20,140. These include $18,940 Company-Paid Benefits and $1,200 Annual Cash Bonus. Insurance Benefits Insurance is essential as it covers the employee against most workplace mishaps (Guo & Burton, 2010
Background   * Companies with Global operations can generate more returns if their supply chains are flexible.   * This means that the supply chain should not be restricted to a specific country or region. Specifically, the paper provides a clear argument on whether a company should establish an additional manufacturing facility in some other state or country, or whether the company should come up with a new distribution center location in another state or country. Discussions on location decisions are based on company’s potential of ascertaining the difference between coordination and configuration. Coordination focuses on linking or integrating both the distribution and production facilities. The overall aim of this technique is to enable the firm realize its strategic objectives. On the other hand, configuration aims at providing a clear picture regarding the region or country where the facility should be located. Significance of location   * The distribution chain should be framed in a manner that it ensures availability of company’s products or services.   * Location sensitive issues should be considered in all the countries where the company operates (Vos and Meijboom 790).   * The main focus of this paper is to provide suggestions that a given company can rely on when making location decisions. Making location decisions may be hindered by a number of factors like logistical problems that are witnessed both at the operational and tactical level (Vos and Meijboom 790). The decision making process   * The success of global operations of a company depends on the ability of the company to make good decisions.   * The company should make location decisions while considering market pressures like proximity, cost of location and the competitive advantage. There are a number of steps or factors that the company should consider before making a decision of establishing a new distribution centre location in another country. These include; trade-offs, profit maximization and community growth. It is also imperative to mention that government policies may also be instrumental when assessing location factors that affect the establishment of a business entity or facility. As already hinted out in the previous section, there might be other pressures in the local market that may equally jeopardize the well being of a business organization. For instance, demand and supply of specific products or se
What is the reason for the people’s disguise behind the false names and striking clothes which do not reflect the peculiarities of their personalities? Daniel Defoe is a master of depicting the events close to the reality in his books. That is why his characters often try to hide behind false names in order to present their ‘true’ stories of life. The female protagonist of Daniel Defoe’s Moll Flanders can use the masks better than anyone else because she is used to live in false reality using the false name and changing different clothes which do not help to emphasize her identity, but only hide her real nature. Can the false name help to change the destiny? Can different clothes help to become the part of the other social class? The disguise of Moll Flanders’s individuality is her way to the recognition in the society. To understand the meaning of the name for the person’s identity and the meaning of the appearance and clothes for being recognized and accepted in society, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between Moll Flanders’ name, her clothing, and her role in the society. In his novel, Daniel Defoe presents the story of Moll Flanders as the story of a real woman whose actual name is too common for the public to be reminded once more. Moreover, Moll Flanders also does not want to focus on her real name because people gave her another name. Now she is known as Moll Flanders. However, what significance for Moll is hidden in this name? Why does she prefer to hide her individuality behind this common name and a number of others which she takes during her life? It is possible to notice that Moll Flanders uses aliases in order to hide her real origin as she hides her real appearance under different clothes. Moll Flanders understands that to be accepted in society, it is important to look like the representatives of this society and to present oneself as the part of this or that social class. This ‘masquerade’ is complicated with the fact that to gain the definite recognition, it is more significant to be associated with the name of the expensive fabric than to reveal the real name which is known to the lowest social classes.
Weight Hysteria, also known as obesity hysteria, is a campaign against increased body weight. Various medical conditions have been linked to weight hysteria. This medical condition is fatal to the human body. Therefore, weight hysteria aims at reducing obesity in society. Obesity is an eating disorder that results from too much eating with little physical exercise. In the advanced stages of obesity, an individual develops other health risks. For example, it causes hypertension, diabetes, and breathing problems (Gaesser, 2008). A lot of research has been done to determine how being overweight causes health risks. The results have not fully linked the health risks with being overweight. The campaign against obesity is well informed but it has taken the wrong dimension. Focus has shifted to the food industry rather than an individual’s lifestyle. Therefore, weight hysteria in our culture is not valid because it causes more harm than good. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention published a report that was aimed at labeling Obesity an epidemic. It was estimated that about 400,000 people die because of obesity annually. This was far near another research that showed at least 25,000 die of obesity every year (Gaesser, 2008). Obesity is a serious health risk but can not cause such a big death toll. It was discovered that the death toll by the Center for Disease Control and prevention was wrong. This is an initiative by the interest groups to scare the public. They aim at either selling or promoting their interests. For example, the pharmaceutical industry collaborates with researchers to promote their medicines. This is not valid in our culture. Advanced research has failed to prove how being overweight affects the lifespan of an overweight adult. Contrary, research by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention has linked an overweight adult with a longer lifespan. The lifespan of a normal-weight adult is shorter (Gaesser, 2008). This shows that being overweight does not automatically shorten your life span. Other health risks can be linked to a shorter lifespan. However, childhood weight does not determine how long the child will live. The lifespan of both a child and an adult depends on the general health risks and not being overweight. The campaign against the overweight is promoted by interested groups. These interest groups include; government agencies, nongovernmental and humanitarian groups, the media, and the political class. The main agenda is to use the tax payer’s money to promote their vested interests. They aim at introducing fear to the people that they are responsible for their own deaths. The reality of the matter is that
Introduction Evaluation remains a basic component of any program. For purposes of benchmarking as well as measuring of program progress levels and indicators, evaluation is a critical tool. The evaluation initiatives normally vary in duration of conduct, type, or objective. For instance, it is observable that there might be short term, process, as well as impact evaluation depending on the approach to evaluation chosen by the evaluators. Definitely, these diverse approaches to evaluation harbor different objectives and are normally conducted uniquely from one another. At the initiation stage of the project, the targeted indicators and deliverables of the project are s sufficiently drawn by the project staff according to the basic needs assessments already conducted (Gertler & World Bank, 2010). Most behavior change programs targeting drug and substance abuse within the general population often require thorough and comprehensive evaluation mechanisms to adhere to the best practices and achieve the various set targets. The adoption and execution of an appropriate evaluation procedure and mechanism therefore remains pertinent to enhancing the success of most of the anti-drugs campaign or behavior change programs (Hogan, 2003). This paper therefore outlines the various disparities that are eminent between process, short term outcome, as well as long term impact evaluation. Furthermore, it disuses some of the notable negative impacts of conducting specifically short term outcome and/or long term evaluation, minus the process evaluation mechanisms. The Difference between Process, Short Term Outcome, and Long Term Impact Evaluations Evaluation process majorly investigates the procedures as well as processes or roles that are encountered during any program implementation. Additionally, this evaluation approach may also examine all the administrative as well as organizational concerns of the particular program under study (United Nations, 2011). As the program progresses, it is vital to take into account the various activities and investigate or examine them as to whether they comply with the path to attainment of the initially outline program deliverables , indicators, or objectives. This perhaps summarizes the major objectives of the process evaluation (Gertler & World Bank, 2010). Thus, it can be concluded that this type of evaluation basically monitors the project activities to ensure adequate and timely feedback I the course of a program in context. On the other hand, short term outcome evaluation may be applicable in obtaining the descriptive data or facts concerning a specific program. Consequently, the evaluation pro
When used as an adjective, the word Greco-Roman refers to regions culturally or even historically influenced by language, cultural practices, government and religious practices of the ancient Greeks and then the Romans. Grant (1995) further defines this region as the Mediterranean world (p.67). The region was subject to cultural integration, as those from the other cultural settings had to live together under one government. The paper discusses the nature of the cultural influence between the Romans and the Greek revealing the commonalities and discrepancies existing between the two. It also highlights how they influenced the western culture. The Greeks and Romans had accepted the use of the Greek language as the language of the intellectual culture. Latin was also the tongue for public management. In either the times of the Greek rule or the Roman rule, there was a universal acceptance of the languages by the people (Sanders, et al., 2006, p.29). However, it is worth noting that these languages were mostly evident in the cosmopolitans while the people in the rural areas spoke their own mother tongues, which they regarded as vernacular. Men spoke and wrote in either Greek or Latin regardless of their ethnicities. The Greeks influenced the majority of the cultural practices in the region ranging from the education system to the religious belief in many gods, cults and the building of temples. In this respect, the Romans gained from the Greek influence in sectors such as Banking, political ad
Introduction Proponents of climate change argue scientifically that the cause of global warming is the accumulation of green house gases and water vapor in the atmosphere over a period. On contrary, opponents view global warming as scientific assumption and fraudulent which does not obey the physical laws of nature. The controversy has lead to conclusion that “action on climate is justified, not because the science is certain, but precisely because it is not” (The Economist Para. 1). This conclusion questions the validity of the scientific evidence and recommendations used by politicians to achieve their desired ends. Climate Change The United States senators and industrial groups discussed on legislations to regulate carbon-dioxide emissions based on the scientific recommendations from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The implementation of the legislation is still to face some drawbacks such as unwillingness of the politicians as demonstrated during Copenhagen summit, economic recession, and credibility of climatologists (The Economist Para. 2). These drawbacks enhance the doubts and give an upper hand to the skeptics of global warming to reject scientific recommendations. Although the United States government took seriously the problem of climate change at first instance by establishing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, their recommendations attracted opposing views. While some politicians felt that the problem of climate change have been overstated others felt it was understated. These opposing views have increased doubts on the certainty and reality of the global warming since politicians and journalists seem to be simplifying and exaggerating the problem of climate change. The economic recession and the uncertainties of the scientific report has provided basis for unwilling politicians and economists not spent money in combating climate change (The Economist Para. 3-5). The controversy pose a great challenge to the scientists since their results and recommendations are misinterpreted hence it is a daunting task for them to regain their credibility. The IPCC report illustrated uncertainties in their predictions by giving a very wide range of temperature increase. Due to the demands for certainty by the politicians and voters, varied scientific results are subjected to many interpretations to suite their interests. For instance, exaggeration of the global warming effects may provide temporary measures to combat it, although it is wrong and dangerous approach of influencing people to support unknowingly (The Economist Para. 6). Exaggeration of the climate change effect and occurrence scare people in favor of certain political views rather than concrete scientific evidence. Skeptics argue that the uncertainties and inconsistencies of the IPCC report exaggerate the gravity of the climate change because the