ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Usually people who love wine prefer white or red. Although both of them are produced by grape, there are several differences between those two noble beverages. According to a number of researchers, red wine contains elements good for heart; therefore, red wine is more helpful for health due to its capability to prevent heart diseases and protect arteries from damage. Comparing the features of white and red wines, we can notice that both of them have a number of good qualities which make them attractive to people. Thus, white wine has crisp, fruity flavor and aroma, while red one has a richer flavor. Obviously, variety of colors is caused by the use of different grapes. Red wine is made from black and dark red grapes. Due to the different raw materials, and especially components from the skin of grapes, white and red wines differ in tannins that cause the color and flavor of red wines. Health benefits of red wines are the major argument of those people who like red more than white. Although red wine helps preventing heart diseases and protecting arteries due to its antioxidants, white wine contains fewer calories. However, their level can vary according to the concrete wine. French people have less level of heart diseases due to their habit of drinking a glass of red wine every day. The strongest antioxidants contained in red wine such as reservatrol make it healthier than white one. Reservatrol prevents the damage of blood vessels and the blood clots that are very dangerous for live. Taking into account the caloric content, we can say that both types have almost the same per cent. However, mostly, white wine contains fewer ratios of calories than red wine. Nevertheless, this characteristic does not provide the serious arguments in support of white wine. Besides, white wine is more acidic and more dangerous for the teeth. In culinary, red wine is more popular than white one. There are docents of recipes of cooking with red wine. As it had been mentioned before, red wine has stronger flavor and aroma. As cooks want to make their dish more intensive and to enhance its taste, aroma and color, they usually use red wine as a marinade, cooking liquid or additional ingredient to a finished dish. For instance, this type of wine tastes good with meat, while white is used with fish. Red wine paints a sauce to the purple color and brings the special taste. However, it is difficult to state upon one assertion due to the different tastes of people and hundreds of methods and recopies. Thereby, a good cook can use any kind of wine, trying to create a new taste of the dishes. White and red wines are very different due to the materials of production. Red wine is healthier and helps preventing heart diseases and protecting arteries from damage. Due to the intensive color and aroma, red wine is more popular in culinary. However, many people prefer white wine because of its taste. The level of calories in the both types is almost the same. In any situation, it i
As a child, Donald trump was an energetic and assertive child. At the age of 13, his parents sent him to New York Military Academy with the hope that he would be instilled with discipline that will channel his energy in a positive direction. By the time he graduated from the academy, he was both a student leader and a star athlete. He graduated in 1968 from Wharton school of finance at Pennsylvania University with a degree in economics. Trump career was influenced by his father, Fredrick Trump, who was a real estate developer. Today, Donald Trump “is the very definition of American success story” (Ross, 2006), having continually set standards of brilliance while expanding his interest in world-class hotels, premier residential real estates, high end golf clubs, entertainment, office buildings, and gaming. As a leader, Trump is committed to direct involvement in every business that has his name on it. This leadership ability and style has set him apart from other business leaders around the world. The reality TV show ‘Apprentice’ is an ideal lens through which we can have a closer look at the leadership style and abilities of Donald Trump. The show portrays Trump as an Authoritarian leader, especially when he fires a person that shows least capability in managing set task. This shows that Trump is a task-oriented leader who is unable to work with least preferable co-worker. Task-oriented leaders are good at businesses that revolve around properties. This style suit Trump since his businesses are property based, and he is very familiar with his areas of business. Donald Trump ability to transform people’s mindset from negativity to positive thinking makes him a Transformational and charismatic leader. Trump verbal gift give him an edge when building business relationship and selling the big picture. His ability to sell ideas, build his reputation, close almost impossible deals, and build relationship would not have been possible if he lacked charisma. His Charisma has enabled him to transform those he leads, who in turn rally behind him, because they believe in him. ‘Think Big’ philosophy is what Trump employ in all his business dealings. The tallest residential tower has his name on it; Trump International Hotel and tower. This kind of attitude makes Trump a strategic and entrepreneur leader who focuses on opportunities. He is a risk taker who dares to do things differently thereby setting new standards in every field that he is in. While investors in the real estate are worrying themselves about the market, Trump is way ahead thinking how he can build the most luxurious million dollars condominium. When Trump sensed that gambling was profitable in 1970s, he invested in the casino industries starting with the Atlantic City, where he bought properties. 20 years later, he acquired the largest casino in the world, Taj-Mahal in the Atlantic City. Donald Trump strongest leadership ability is’ Task oriented’ leadership style. This lea
Introduction The paper “Cognitive Development and Social-Emotional Functioning in Young Foster Children” focuses on the investigation of the cognitive and emotional development delays in children. The authors attempt to evaluate the extent to which the social-emotional functioning in foster children is disturbed due to the adverse experiences in early childhood. According to the research findings, the foster children’s behavior is found to be more problematic, and their competencies are poorer in comparison to normative sample group (Jacobsen, Moe, Ivarsson, Wentzel-Larsen, & Smith, 2013, p. 666). Comprehension of various influences on child’s cognitive and emotional development is important for the efficient intervention aimed at the revealing of individual’s developmental potential. Delays in Cognitive and Emotional Development in Early Childhood Foster children are frequently exposed to the “negative caregiving environments early in their lives before being placed in foster care” (Jacobsen et al., 2013, p. 666). As a result, the children are prone to the cognitive and emotional development delays. According to the study, the positive caregiving environments facilitate the sound and healthy brain development and are of significant importance in the first two years of a child’s life (Jacobsen et al., 2013, p. 666). Through the application of the standardized developmental tests, the researchers established that the foster children’s cognitive performance was significantly lower that children who stayed in touch with their biological parents (Jacobsen et al., 2013, p. 667). It is observed that foster children are prone to have problems with behavior and emotional control that may negatively affect their social functioning. The early identification of these problems may help parents to avoid challenges in interactions with the adopted child and help to improve the developmental progress. According to multiple research findings in neuroscience, the personal experiences and environmental factors affect early childhood development of a human to a large extent may affect the course of individual’s adult life. According to Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, the individual’s development is divided into four stages: “sensorimotor period (birth to age 2); the preoperational thought period (about age 2 to age 7); the concrete-operations period (about age 7 to age 11); and the formal operations period (about age 11 to age 15)” (Lefmann & Combs-Orme, 2013, p. 640). The sensorimotor period may be considered the fundamental stage of a child development because the basic cognitive abilities start to form during the first two years of life. Then, these elementary cognitive processes facilitate the development of abstract thinking, estimation aptitude, and cognition skills. Negative environmental factors affect the sensitive period of prenatal neurodevelopment of an infant. The maternal factors include excess stress, use of medicine and substances, infections, and poor nutrition (Richetto & Riva, 2014, p. 20). It is observed that prenatal negative influences re
The vast majority of volcanoes lie near the oceans, and, until recently, this aspect of their distribution was rather puzzling. Equally, most volcanoes are closely associated with earthquakes, which are also concentrated in narrow bands. It had long been known that earthquakes and volcanoes were somehow related, but nobody really knew the reason until closer analysis brought some correlations to light. The key points covered in the paper are volcanic chains and earthquakes, a correlation between earthquakes and eruptions.Earthquakes are caused by shift in plates and subduction processes. Volcanoes do not erupt everywhere. They are restricted to narrow bands in very specific locations. The Pacific Ocean is virtually surrounded by a belt of volcanoes commonly called the “Pacific Ring of Fire” which contains about twothirds of the world’s active volcanoes (Gilluly 26). The “Ring of Fire” is marked by the volcanic chains of Japan, Kamchatka, South Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, the Cascade Range of the United States and Canada, Central America, the Andes, New Zealand, Tonga, Vanuatu, Papua-New Guinea, Indonesia, the Philippines, and finally the Mariana, Izu and Bonin Islands, which complete the circle. In contrast, the Adantic Ocean has few volcanoes around its edges, except those of the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands, and the West Indies (Blaikie 45). On the other hand, the Atlantic Ocean has many volcanoes along its central ridge, which are largely submerged. Its crest, however, emerges in Jan Mayen and Iceland, and volcanoes have arisen on the ridge flanks in Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha, and in the Azores. Similarly the mid-ocean ridges of the Pacific and Indian Oceans are also marked by innumerable submerged volcanoes. The Mediterranean Sea, too, has volcanoes in its midst in southern Italy and Greece. Other volcanoes occur in, or alongside, some of the major rift valleys: the East African Rift Valley system and the Rhine Rift Valley. Several major volcanic areas rise in isolated clusters on both land and sea, including the Tibesti Mountains of Saharan Africa, the Hawaiian Islands, and many submerged seamounts (volcanoes not yet built above sea level) in the Pacific Ocean (Blaikie 47). Earthquakes are weak and usually less than magnitude 4 and are often accompanied by swarms of minor tremors. The severity of earthquakes is measured on the logarithmic Richter scale, based on the strength of shockwaves propagated through the Earth’s crust. Thus, a magnitude 5 earthquake is ten times greater than one of magnitude 4, and so on up to magnitude 10 or more. Such earthquakes are closely tied to volcanoes, both in time and space, because they are generated by the rise of molten material towards the volcano itself. The second correlation was found on the mid-ocean ridges (Davis 49). Earthquakes accompany the quasi-continual volcanic action along the mid-ocean ridges. Many of these earthquakes are w
Introduction Corporate finance is an essential element in the successful operation of an organization. Aside from the operational calculations and analytical capabilities it provides for the accounting department, it facilitates skills and knowledge applicable in many managerial practices. Specifically, it provides a basis for sound decision-making and contributes to the clarity of goals and objectives. One area of corporate finance that is essential for managers is the type of business ownership. Acknowledgment of advantages and disadvantages of each form may be crucial for achieving excellent performance and minimizing undesirable expenses. Importance of Corporate Finance Corporate finance is a highly specialized set of activities that allows for accurate and reliable evaluations of an organization’s financial performance and modeling of likely outcomes for ongoing projects. However, its influence can be traced beyond the strictly utilitarian domain. Basically, since corporate finance is meant to assist the decision-making process, understanding its fundamental principles is both important and desirable for everyone within the company who is expected to make decisions and substantiate them—in other words, all managers. In the most basic terms, corporate finance is aimed at optimizing expenses and controlling profits in order to maximize the latter—in other words, assessing the spending and revenues of an organization (Ross, Drew, Walk, Westerfield, & Jordan, 2016). It can be said that at least a part of the responsibilities of all managers covers the described activity. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that those who show a comprehensive understanding of corporate finance will excel at their duties and achieve higher results. While there may be no apparent direct connection, all managerial decisions are eventually reflected on the company’s balance sheet. Thus, any given field, from human resource management to management of supplies, requires at least basic corporate finance awareness in order to yield superior results. Another aspect required for successful managerial performance is the ability to provide a rationale for decisions. While it is certainly possible that certain managers possess enough experience to intuitively make the best decision, a significant part of their success depends on their ability to convince their subordinates and/or superiors of its feasibility. The easiest example of the justifying of necessary expenses by providing convincing evidence of eventual profits. In addition, reasonable explanation backed by approachable financial calculations may decrease employees’ reluctance to accept changes and, by extension, increase their involvement. In addition, a better understanding of financial nuances by employees can lead to a clearer understanding of goals and, by extension, increase overall organizational performance (Parkes, 2014). Finally, a better understanding of corporate finance contributes to the leadership qualities of a manager through obtaining a clearer vision of the company’s goals and th
Susan Sygall, a notable disability rights activist and establisher of Mobility International USA, represents an example of a truly outstanding woman leader. Her advocacy experience is inspiring: being a wheelchair rider since she was 18, Sygall has been fostering the rights of persons with disabilities and addressing women’s issues for over 30 years. The Women’s Institute on Leadership and Disability is a particularly remarkable project of Mobility International (Kuzmeski, 2017). Women leaders with disabilities from around the globe have an opportunity to meet and jointly discuss and develop anti-discrimination initiatives. In addition, the Institute aims to empower women with disabilities and educate them about their rights and leadership goals (“Meet new Ashoka,” 2013). The primary motivation behind Sygall’s advocacy is to develop confidence and solidarity in women with disabilities and nurture their leadership skills to change the status quo. My deep conviction is that intersectional activism for disabled women’s rights is a highly courageous step that deserves a broader international response and support for Sygall’s initiative. Sygall believes that the disability community should gain wider global recognition and inclusion and lead social change. By her own account, Sygall took up active advocacy when she experienced health difficulties and observed the environment as unfriendly to people with disabilities. As a human rights activist, she pays special attention to fostering women’s rights as their voices are rarely heard. Sygall energetically publishes and lectures on creating an inclusive environment, women’s empowerment, and leadership strategies for the disabled (Ascher, 2021). Her passionate involvement and dedication to her cause have proven that a disabled activist can make a difference in organizing international educational exchanges for people with disabilities or making urban spaces more accessible. Pursuing her mission, Sygall draws inspiration from her family and the “global sisterhood” — other international disabled women activists (“Meet new Ashoka,” 2013). Mutual support and optimism, and personal experience play a prominent role in human rights activists’ achievements.
It should be noted that the implementation of a health intervention program implies the consideration of multiple steps. However, one of the most significant aspects is the engagement of community in the process since all health related programs are linked directly to the well-being of population. The purpose of this paper is to review the main aspects of engaging community in the process of program implementation. Community Engagement The community will be actively engaged in the health promotion program due to the fact that it is aimed at encompassing the entire population including both those affected and those who are not. Importantly, the inclusion of the community ensures that the results of the intervention program can be achieved since individuals will be turned from observers into participants in the change process (Sandfort & Moulton, 2014). To ensure the population is engaged, it will be crucial to include them in the process of planning. It will be essential to specify the timeframe convenient for them and determine the stages or aspects of the intervention in which they are eager to participate. Apart from that, engaging the key stakeholders in the implementation phase will allow gathering the findings from the primary parties experiencing the condition. Diversity Notably, one of the program goals is to ensure community outreach, which implies the provision and encouragement of diversity. Since the targeted population is both culturally and ethnically diverse, it is of paramount importance to ensure that the introduced practices and approaches do not interfere or disrupt the culturally appropriate perceptions and attitudes to health of the participants and those targeted in the intervention (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014). Therefore, it is significant to establish an atmosphere of inclusion when implementing the program. Implementation To implement the program, it will be necessary to investigate the current condition of the community to be able to understand the lifestyles of the population. Further, it will be crucial to evaluate the potential of the proposed approach in addressing the current needs of individuals and estimate whether any threats to their health might occur. Moreover, it is essential to inform the community about the potential contribution of the proposed approach in terms of resolving the existing health-related issue to attract the attention of central stakeholders (Mark, 2014). Nevertheless, certain concerns exist in relation to the program implementation. To be more precise, the particular problems related to reaching the less advantaged populations might cause some barriers. Such community groups might experience problems rela
Analysis of Uber’s Customers The business model of a given organization dictates the nature of its strategy, clients, stakeholders, and goals. Uber started as a technologically-driven corporation relying on the Internet to attract individuals in need of transportation services. This means that some of the leading customers should be in a position to use smartphones, handheld devices, and computer systems (Mahapatra & Telukoti, 2018). The company has a unique app that individuals can consider to locate nearby cars. These aspects are critical whenever trying to analyze a typical Uber customer. In most of the countries where Uber operates, many people appreciate the power of modern technologies to achieve their potential. For example, around 8 percent of adults who use the Internet prefer Uber’s services (Mahapatra & Telukoti, 2018). The majority of the customers in the developed world are between 17 and 34 years of age (Ezrachi & Stucke, 2016). This group forms the biggest customer base for Uber in most of the urban areas. Individuals above the age of 40 prefer the use of app-based transportation services (Schneider, 2017). These people focus on specific issues, such as comfort, convenience, and cost. Most of the customers within this age bracket focus on affordability while at the same time pursuing their goals (see Figure 1). In another study by Mahapatra and Telukoti (2018), it was revealed that over 60 percent of Uber’s key customers were living in urban areas. They selected the company’s app because of the convenience associated with it. Another attribute cons
Organizational design in the 21 st century remains a delicate issue, not as it was in the pre-industrial revolution times. The dynamic nature of the market requires a design that balances an organization’s strategy and structure, the goals of the firm and that of employees, accountability and adaptability, as well as information coordination between the top management and the subordinates. These factors have created tension in the management of organizations, resulting in under performance or even closure of entities. Failure by new enterprises to account for the future changes within the management system and the target market in their organizational designs has been a major setback for the organizations. For instance, the chapter acknowledges the need by senior leaders in all organizations to understand the essence of incorporating all stakeholders in the decision-making process. This approach is vital as it instills in employees the spirit of collective responsibility of meeting the goals they participated in formulating (Jones 11). As organizations expand their operations within and outside the system, issues of specialization arise. Robert Simons in his article, The Tensions of Organization Design , reiterates the need for an inclusive organizational design, which encompasses future changes in business operations. The entire process is a balancing act that managers must follow strictly, or else they risk being isolated in the current dynamic market. Even though the process of designing organizations is not an easy undertaking, senior management must carry out the process given that it is more risky in doing nothing than trying to keep with the varying needs of the business. Simons’ article indicates that organizations that fail to adopt the new changes are merely planning to the growth crisis (Simons 3). In my opinion, I concur with the findings of the research that businesses that fail to design their organizatio