ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What the Bill is All About The American Jobs Act of 2011 is a bill that was presented by Barrack Obama, President of the United States, On September 8th, 2011 (Boushey & Dechter, 2011). According to Dillard, the plan was made by the entire proposal support of both Democrats and Republicans, meant to be passed by the Congress immediately in order for the economy to get moving (2011). According to information provided by Boushey and Dechter, the bill was submitted for two main reasons: make more people get employment, and make all employed Americans have some more money within their access (2011). This is with the aim of strengthening the economy of the United States as a result of the recession that occurred in the Second World War. Since World War II, the middle class financial security has not gained its momentum, and so, the Obama proposition in this bill is to do more than recuperate from the financial predicament. Boushey and Dechter indicate that it aims at rebuilding the financial system using the American approach, that is, on the basis of balance, equality, and use of similar rules to govern everyone irrespective of their background (2011). The bill is meant to do this without adding a cent to the shortage. It oversees that through working together, more jobs can be made available for the future by assisting small business entrepreneurs, spending in education, and through producing items that are bought by everyone. How it is Meant to Work Through Tax Reduction According to Dillard, the American Jobs Act of 2011 is giving small businesses an opportunity to operate without paying high taxes in order for them to hire and expand (Dillard 2011). In case a business employs and increases the wages of its employees, its taxes are further deducted. The bill also aims at making the working and the middle group Americans have more money in their pockets by cutting halfway the tax imposed on every employee’s payroll to 3.1%. Boushey and Dechter indicate that the idea is meant to save an estimated amount of $1,500 to typical families in a year. Next year, it aims at totally doing away with payroll taxes for those businesses that add wages to their current workers, and also to those ones that hire new employees (Boushey & Dechter, 2011). The Act also aims at fin
Once upon Many Times is an exhibition at Rubin Museum of Art representing a wide range of visual narratives and reproductions of temple murals which can be regarded as exceptional examples of Himalayan art based upon Tibetan myths and legends. This paper will analyze the color scheme, composition, proportion, hierarchy and motifs of the historical narrative Shantarakshita and scenes of his life and the Drowa Sangmo mural represented at the exhibition Once upon Many Times. Basic description of the painting Shantarakshita and scenes of his life and the Drowa Sangmo mural Taking a closer look at the painting Shantarakshita and Scenes of His Life in Tibet and the Drowa Sangmo mural, it can be stated that the color scheme, proportion and scale of these objects are similar, but significant differences can be found in the form, hierarchy and composition of these objects which can be explained with disparity in the main themes of these objects and materials. The historical narrative Shantarakshita and scenes of his life displays multiple episodes from life of this Indian guru with the large figure of Shantarakshita in the centre of the painting which is typical of Himalayan historical narratives. The episodes of guru’s life are separated by the elements of architecture or landscape. Shantarakshita is a popular figure who is known for founding the first Buddhist monastery in Tibet and was frequently painted by Tibetan artists. [1] Shantarakshita as the central image of the discussed painting wears a scholar’s hat and holds a book in his right hand. The position of his left hand can be associated with vitarka, the teaching mudra in which the palm is turned outward and the thumb and point fingers form a circle. Therefore, the clothes and body language of Shantarakshita depict him as a guru and a teacher. Above this central figure, to the right is Buddha and to the left is Shantarakshita’s teacher from India. The narrative to the right of the central figure depicts the monastic vow received by Shantarakshita. The episode to the right of the central image but below the previous one depicts Shantarakshita sitting at the throne of a famous teacher and receiving his education. The narrative at the lower right corner of the painting depicts the King Trisong Detsen inviting the Indian monk to Tibet and Shantarakshita teaching the king at the palace. The narratives to the left of the central figure show the guru sitting under the golden roof of the Buddhist monastery he has found and teaching groups of Tibetan Buddhist monks and students. Therefore, the narratives surrounding the central image are arranged in chronological order clockwise. The colors used in the painting are complementary with orange, blue and green dominating over the color pattern. As to the Drowa Sangmo mural, the proportion of this object is balanced and lacks any specific emphasis with all narratives equally important. Drowa Sangmo is a story of the King Kala Wangpo of Mon who
The International Monetary System Lessons learnt Today, we discussed the international monetary system in depth. By definition, the international monetary system is the structure used to determine the rates of foreign exchange. In addition, the structure accommodates international trade flows, capital flows and adjustment of balance-of-payments. Moreover, the international monetary system includes all the institutions, instruments and agreements that link the global money markets, commodities, currencies, securities and real estates. Therefore, we realised that the system has abroad definition. We learnt that over the last four decades, there has been an increase in the volatility of international exchange rates, which has been one of the main economic developments. Despite an increase in knowledge and improvement of methods for handling international monetary system, we realised that policies for forecasting as well as reacting to fluctuations in the rate of exchange are still developing. In our discussion, we found that volatility of exchange rates has both positive and negative sides. For instance, while it increases financial risks to the affected economies, it equally increases the levels of profitability for investors and businesses. Within the international monetary system, we made a number of definitions. First, we defined foreign currency exchange rate as the price of a nation’s currency when expressed in units of another currency. It can either be floating or in a fixed state. Secondly, “spot exchange rate” was defined as the quoted price for an immediate delivery of exchange rate or within two days for bank-to-bank transactions. Thirdly, “forward rate” was defined as the quoted price for future delivery of foreign exchange. Forward discount t or premium was defined as the difference between the spot and forward rate expressed as a percentage. A number of other definitions were made, including the definition for weakening, deterioration and depreciation of currency, currency devaluation and softness/weakness or hardness/softness of currencies. On the history of the international monetary system, we learnt that it started around 1876 with “The Gold Standard” that lasted until 1913. In this era, gold was used as the standard rate of exchange. Between 1914 and 1944, two world wars took place. At this time, the international monetary system, European currencies fluctuated constantly before failing to work during the Second World War. After the war in 1944, the American dollar became the world’s standard currency after the creation of the IMF and WB. IMF was supposed to aid nations in defending their currencies and solving structural problems. On the other hand, we learnt that the WB was set to assist in the reconstruction and developed after the war was over. In 1945, Fixed Exchange Rates was the predo
Outsourcing is a business idea that involves exporting domestic jobs to be done in foreign countries. The term may also be used to refer to the process of contracting part of an organization’s work to be done by a third within the same country. Over the years, outsourcing has grown and today, it is a big business in the world. Although outsourcing benefits organizations in various ways, it has shortcomings and I am of the opinion that it should not be promoted. This paper presents an argument against outsourcing manufacturing jobs overseas. Arguments against Outsourcing Manufacturing Jobs According to Nothhaft (1), organizations in the United States believed that manufacturing was not meant for them. As a result, manufacturing work had to be outsourced to countries such as China. Arguably, this was meant to create room for American companies to focus on research and innovation to grow the economy. Although this worked for time, it has now reached a point where the United States feels the pain associated with outsourcing of manufacturing jobs. Ostensibly, the idea of taking manufacturing jobs to other countries has negatively affected the American economy. Among other things, it has crippled the ability of the United States to create jobs for its people (Nothhaft 1). It has also dealt a serious blow to America’s ability to invent for the future. Generally, research indicates that outsourcing manufacturing jobs also implies outsourcing innovation since the two happen to be tightly linked. By outsourcing innovation, both research and development in the United States have been affected. Drawing from a study by Ashe-Edmunds (1), outsourcing manufacturing jobs impacts consumers negatively. Seemingly, consumers are disturbed by the fact that companies have to give away domestic jobs to be done abroad while many people remain jobless. While the outsourcing company may reap short-term benefits, the economy of the nation eventually gets affected. The fact that jobs have to be done by foreigners implies that money has to move from the domestic market to the foreign market. In addition, lack of employment means that the unemployed citizens will not be able to spend since they do not have an income. By not spending, it is the economy that gets affected. Considering that it is a challenge to monitor what is done by the contractor, quality may seriously be affected. Unfortunately, it may take too long to discover that the goods produced are of an inferior quality. This is mainly due to the fact that it takes time for goods to be shipped before they can be checked to ascertain their quality. According to Levine (4), outsourcing of manufacturing jobs leads to job loss. The fact that people have to lose their jobs because of outsourcing has very serious implications to the economy. First and foremost, job loss causes a serious financial strain to American families. Those who lose their jobs as a result of outsourcing soon get to a level where providing for their families become a challenge. If not controlled, the burden eventually shifts to the govern
Introduction Identity is an important social element that influences how an individual is perceived by other members of society. The perception may be based on such factors as behavior, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, and race. Social identity embraces the differences between individuals based on cognitive beliefs, behavioral consequences, and emotional associations. This study seeks to highlight critical thinking on my social identity and how it has influenced the perception of the people around me (Santrock 270). The study will be covered in relation to the following areas: Background and Experience Despite the fact that my life at home was very easy, I could not overcome the isolation that characterized my life. Many factors contributed to my loneliness and discomfort. One of the factors that greatly influenced my lifestyle was the stereotypical thinking that I had about different people. I used to watch many American movies with threatening themes such as murders, robberies, and other forms of crimes. The messages from the movies influenced my character and perception towards other people. I strongly believed that the people around me were violent and uncaring. This perception made me separate myself from my age mates and other people. In return, the people in the community did not like me and treated me like a stranger. Identity Development Identity develop
Inequality can be traced back to several centuries ago when society favored some people over others. However, some traditionally marginalized groups have tried to fight for their space by advocating for equal opportunities and rights within the systems. Although it has not been easy and people have been killed, many vulnerable people such as women have gotten a fair share of their rights though there are still challenges. It is even more challenging if you are a woman who is physically challenged and a lone parent. Morning At 24, Jael Hazel was happily married and expecting their firstborn child with her husband, Bernard. Then, one morning in 2015, she got fatigued and thought it was a result of expecting a baby. Otherwise, healthy, she was not bothered because she knew it would disappear within a day or two. Furthermore, the baby was due in 3 weeks, according to the doctor. She finished her shift at Patrick Guilbaud, Dublin, where she worked, canceled a late lunch with her husband, and went to bed. Little did she know that it was the last time she would walk on her two feet. Afternoon Bernard came home at 3: 15 P.M. only to hear a groaning and agonizing sound. To his surprise, Jael could not even move her body an inch. Without hesitation, he quickly called an ambulance, which came within a few minutes, readily equipped to take Hazel to the hospital. The paramedics had to carry her from her bed into the parked ambulance. A spinal code diagnosis revealed a potentially deadly infection of bacteria. Meningitis is a type of disease that affects a person’s neurology system (McGill et al., 2016). Hazel’s kidney began to stop functioning as she became sicker. As a result, she was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) at The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin. Night While her friends and husband were helplessly waiting for the doctors’ feedback, desperately hoping that she woul
Introduction As of 2000, the number of persons aged 65 and older was approximated to be at 35 million in the United States. This number represented approximately 13% of the general population. The number of older persons is projected to increase rapidly and to reach about 20% of the total population by 2030, according to the Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics (1). This trend does not only affect the United States but also other countries in the developed world such as Canada, European countries, Japan and China. Similar to this increase in the number of older persons is a projected increase in the total number of elderly persons suffering from chronic illnesses as well as some type of disability in carrying out activities of daily living (ADL). According to the Bureau of Epidemiology and Disease Control Statistics, chronic illnesses constrain close to 40% of those not in institutions in executing the ADLs, for instance, bathing, dressing, or moving from one place to another unsupported (2). At the moment, close to 7.3 million (72.5%) people aged 75 or older suffer from some sort of functional restraints. In the United States, thirty percent more of persons aged 85 and older are in need of assistance with one or more ADLs than their counterparts aged between 65 and 85 (3, 4). More than 65% of older Americans suffer from some type of cardiovascular disease, and more than fifty percent of all men and sixty percent of all women in the aging population have arthritis (5). According to the most recent status report of Arizona, “Diabetes and Associated Complications in Arizona,” (6), 10.3 million individuals suffer from diabetes. The report also illustrates the economic costs that result from diabetes because diabetes is a cause of 3.5 million hospital admissions annually, about 14% of all hospitalizations. In older persons aged 65 and older, diabetes costs more than $5 billion dollars per year. The United States population surveys report that 33% to 39% of males aged 65 and older do not engage in any leisure-time activity. The participation in leisure activity of females in the same age bracket is significantly lower (7). Chronic diseases cause a heavy burden on individuals and the wider society because they lead to long-term illness and deteriorated quality of life. The total numbers of older persons in the next decades threaten to put great pressure on the existing resources (8). Enhancement in the health of the aging population can only be beneficial if the “successful aging” approach is adopted (9, 10). The prospective for aging healthily can be improved most by a capability in the elderly to carry out activities of daily living independently and to remain actively occupied in life (11, 12). A healthy lifestyle is more powerful than genetic factors in helping older persons to evade the health decline and deterioration that are traditionally related to aging (13). Individuals who implement
The final paper discusses the premises of wrongful convictions and why it should be seen by the government as one of the most critical issues that are inherent in the current legislation. The basis of research on the issue of wrongful convictions is supported by a number of articles that address this criminal justice misconception from a number of perspectives and define police misconduct as one of the key factors that contribute to the increased number of wrongful convictions. The core underlying characteristics of wrongful convictions and implications of the latter for criminal and social justice are reviewed within the framework of this paper. Literature Review In their article, Kent and Carmichael (2015) discussed the problem of an increased number of wrongful conviction. They also found that throughout the last decade, the number of resultant exonerations also underwent a substantial increase. Kent and Carmichael (2015) identified that public confidence in the existing criminal justice and its authoritative power directly depended on the number of convictions (regardless of whether they were rightful or wrongful). According to the authors of the article, the core problem of the current criminal justice system consists in the fact that there are states that choose not to adopt the laws that accept the due process clause. In perspective, this limits the level of protection against an increased number of wrongful convictions. Kent and Carmichael (2015) successfully identified that the due process clause was commonly disregarded in the Republican-based states while the so-called “innocence movement” was adopted by Democratic-based states. It is safe to say that the authors of the article thoroughly discussed the ways in which the policy affects the criminal justice system, its structure, and its organization. It is reflected by the problems that interfere with the implementation of a crime prevention strategy intended to reduce the number of wrongful convictions within both social and political contexts. Garoupa and Rizzolli (2012) conducted another research in which they analyzed the impact of wrongful convictions on crime deterrence. Not surprisingly, it was found that the enforcement of this policy led to increased deterrence rates. The authors of the article mentioned that this supposition is widely criticized regardless of the practical evidence. According to Garoupa and Rizzolli (2012), wrongful convictions may have a negative influence on the criminal justice system in case if they adversely affect the balance between the innocent and the guilty. Overall, deterrence is moderately influenced by wrongful convictions due to the fact that the latter expose the public to the jeopardies of committing crimes. There are numerous circumstances that should be taken into consideration when discussing deterrence and its influence on different social layers. Another research on wrongful convictions was conducted by Covey (2013) who believed that the police also impact the occurrence rate
Introduction The National Petroleum Construction Company is a global construction company which received many awards in fabrication of steel structure sections. It was established in 1973 as a Public Joint Stock Company and its fabrications facilities are located at Mussafah – Abu Dhabi. It started with providing and fabricating the required steel structure for the onshore and offshore Oil and Gas production industries. In 1978, it developed and widened its operations by inaugurating a custom pipe coating facility at the field. In 1979, the company fought an escapade into offshore activities for the Oil industries, installation and knitting works. In 1986, NPCC began the manufacturing storage tanks which are used in storing various types of petroleum products. In 1994, NPCC built a new modern facility in Mussafah which can produce and fabricate up to 67,000 tons of steel annually. After that by just two years, another modern facility was constructed for fabrication of pressure vessel. This facility has a capability of producing 6,000 tons per year of pressure vessels in different type and size. The Company takes all developing steps and urban growth carefully to achieve the goals and achievements over the years. That dynamic growth strategy makes NPCC to reach a place in league with the major international EPC contractor of the Oil and Gas industry.Aqeel A. Madhi is the Chief Executive officer and HussainJasem Al Nowais is the chairman-GHC of the NPCC. Nowadays, NPCC is regarded as a successful and fast-developing global company that ensures high quality services and products in the sphere of gas manufacture, storage, engineering, and installation. More importantly, the company sustains a competitive advantage in integrating offshore and onshore projects. Core values The National Petroleum Construction Company is an excellent provider of offshore and onshore services in the sphere of production of gas, as well as delivery of petroleum products. The NPCC takes prides in its highly competitive and confident employees who are able to control and coordinate of advanced technologies. The company is actively involved in the production, testing, and inspection that take control of the modern technologies. The NPCC ensured well-equipped environment in which employees operate. Therefore, the company’s managers realize the importance of ensuring a favorable organizational culture that motivates their employees, as well as provides highly effective coordination and collaboration. The Board of Directors is conscious about its strategic objectives and, therefore it is committed to producing high quality products that meet the established international standards. Employees are considered as the most important and valuable asset of the company. Therefore, the staff strives to ens