ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Today people are raising many concerns over the extensive direct impacts of industrialization on the environment for instance the building and construction directions, materials and designs. The resources in question include the energy, raw materials, water and even the waste materials. The common unique challenge faced by the building experts, designers or owners include the need to meet building requirements and regulations such as accessibility, security, health and productivity. The most important need is to be environmental friendly. At present, the economical growth is a great challenge to sustainable design but the approach used must be supportive to the environment by ensuring conservation. People will want to optimize a balance on benefits of expenditure, ecological, communal as well as human benefits while still meet the intended mission regarding proper infrastructure or facility mainly concerning comfort, productivity and safety. The green house materials used for buildings These materials identify with sustainability of resources especially the scarce resources. McDonough and Braungart (17) Most of the green professional builders will advice one to have their premises installed with alternative waste water systems or solar energy systems. Other recognizable materials include the rainwater harvesting facilities, the compost lavatory systems, radiation barriers, toxicant terminators or controllers and environmental friendly concretes. The designs and engineering innovations ought to entail the environmental sensitive structures for a better and sustainable future. The innovative designs of bridges in the last two decades have brought about some dramatic impact on the need to conserve the environment through the aspect of beauty. The recent news is the awarding of a landmark “Transamerica Pyramid building” at San Francisco as a ”LEED Gold” due to its green nature thus upgrading the city’s status. Effects and benefits of green materials to the environment The availability of fossil fuels is dwindling day by day. With many heated issues arising daily concerning of the environmental degradation such as global climate change, security of the resources and dependency on the energy sources. Sustainable measures require utilization of renewable energy sources in all the amenities especially the infrastructure. Measures to save the environment are evident today, for instance, the world debate by the international representatives in Copenhagen to combat measures causing the climate changes such as gas emissions and greenhouses gas pollution. The other benefit posed by the green designs entails water conservation. At present, water is increasingly becoming a scarce commodity and a sustainable building ought to have on site measures of reducing wastage through conservation measures such as harvesting, storage, efficient utilization, r
By the time Subway became extremely popular with American customers, the company’s management had already reflected on the idea of international expansion to attract an even bigger target audience. However, once they started the process of expansion, they were primarily focused on introducing Subway restaurants to English-speaking states such as the UK and Canada. Moreover, the company’s management only considered opening the restaurants where they were welcomed at the time. Hence, the first issue they faced during the expansion was the low density of stores across the states, which was inefficient for Subway logistics. To address the problem, the decision was made to negotiate with local management on the matter of opening more restaurants in the area, as the local customers were already familiar with the network’s concept. After expanding to other English-speaking countries, the company’s management decided to open restaurants in other areas. However, the major issue in terms of the expansion was the notion of cultural diversity, which concerned language and food habits. To deal with the problem, Subway directors decided to expand the core menu of the restaurant with culturally-specific food while retaining the basic product – sandwiches (“Subway international expansion,” n.d.). For the sake of efficiency, the company decided to create a position of regional directors across the globe for them to collect all the necessary data, such as customer surveys and basic information about the area. By hiring regional directors, Subway also managed to resolve the issue of legal differences and supply lines. Finally, after the expansion, the management faced the problem of communication between the restaurants all over the world. To solve this, they introduced a system of training programs for local managers. Reference Subway international expansion [Video file]. (n.d.). Web.
Summary of case The case under study concerns practices carried out by a nurse that could lead her to trouble through a lawsuit. Maggie works as a Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) at the Memorial Hospital. Her current duty is to attend the Emergency Room, ER, where one other LVN and four RNs, or Registered Nurses are also present to perform their duties. I am the evening charge nurse in the ER for the last two years. Maggie has been working as a nurse for the past ten years and also has some experience with dealing in medicine in the first Gulf War. She is taking advantage of this plus point in her career by performing tasks in the ER which she is not licensed to. I noticed her assisting physicians in their tasks numerous times before, and have seen their preference for her as their helping hand while carrying out their procedures. I have currently seen Maggie suture a laceration with the physician standing beside her. She was taking care of the whole procedure by herself, though this is not allowed. She, being a nurse, can only assist the physicians with what they are doing, and not carry out entire procedures on her own. Anyhow, when they saw me look at them, the physician took over the procedure, and the nurse discontinued the suturing, as they both knew they were doing an objectionable deed, for which they could be questioned. They must have felt they were wrong, on which the doctor came to me later on and assured me that nothing would go wrong, and he would take full responsibility for whatever she was doing, in case anything went wrong. The problem now is that I am not sure of what action to take against Mag
Introduction The act of committing crime is conducted by people of different ages through engaging in various criminal activities. A major concern is on the youths in most countries as they seem to engage in criminal activities at a very high rate because of various reasons such as family problems, unemployment, and peer pressure among others with an aim of hiding from or dealing with their disappointments in life. As a result of this issue, there has been the formation of various diversion programs. These are programs or systems that offer a way in which children and youths who are involved in delinquent activities may be handled in a fast, approachable, and informal manner. Good behavior is usually instilled into them by being taught on the importance of being good citizens and being loyal to their nations, maintaining personal integrity and also the importance of family communication and communication in general as a way of solving problems. The diversion programs aim at diverting the young people who have already been involved in criminal acts from further involvement in crime (Siegel Welsh, 2008). In this paper, the subject discusses two diversion programs operating in Los Angeles, California specifically the 2nd Call and the Advancement Project Los Angeles; their effects in reducing juvenile crime while emphasizing why the programs should work to reduce it based on an analysis of the relationship between program premise and goals and causes of juvenile delinquent behavior. The 2nd Call Diversion Program Juvenile delinquency is an aspect of great concern in Los Angeles as its rate increases day-by-day and even the news programs usually commence with cases of criminal activities perpetrated by these juveniles. The policy makers are therefore concerned with these issues and numerous laws have been enacted to deal with it but have not been very successful. Employment of diversion programs will help solve the problem (Anonymous, 1995). Juveniles indulge in delinquent behavior as a result of social learning where they imitate people who may behave differently than they do. It could be physical experience or through the media. They can also result to this behavior as a result of child abuse as they tend to fight back through use of violence. Influence of drugs and poor performance in life, especially in academics is also some of the causes (World Youth report, 2003). The 2nd Call is a community based program that has been developed to help in the personal development of persons who are at risk; for example, the youths or those who are disregarded by the society and are susceptible to criminal activities as a way of fighting back. It aims at appraising the current society development programs that are already in place to come up with the best strategies and practices to deal with the different societal problems. It helps the persons who are disconnected from the society to have a second chance toward loving life and hence its name, ‘‘2nd Call’’. This program should be engaged in reducing juvenile
Abstract The analyzed article describes a study carried out by Thai researchers to evaluate the English vocabulary acquisition in bilingual students. The researchers use a fifteen-minute interview and a five-point scale to assess the learners’ performance. The principal emphasis is put on the lexical side of the language; thus, the researchers carry out a detailed analysis of the vocabulary units that the students employ. The researchers come to a conclusion that the length of studying plays a critical role in vocabulary acquisition. They assume that the relevant practice should be implemented in schools for regular evaluation of bilingual learners’ speech. Research Question In the framework of the relevant study, researchers from the Rangsit University, Ruja Pholsward and Donrutai Boonprasitt were determined to estimate the English vocabulary acquisition of primary and secondary students. The researchers focused on bilingual students, thus their key target was to identify “the strengths and limitations” that such learners experience in using English vocabulary (Pholsward & Boonprasitt, 2015, p.8). Investigated Population The examined group was comprised of the students from the Satit Bilingual School. The researchers focused on primary and secondary-level learners; therefore, there were 34 primary students and 18 secondary students participating in the study. The selection criteria implied that a participant was supposed to have an experience of a minimum of a three-year experience of learning English. Pholsward and Boonprasitt, likewise, point out that all the students participated in the research with the consent received from their parents and guardians. Methodology To complete the ultimate goal of the study, the researchers employed two instruments. The first tool was represented by a questionnaire and was aimed at estimating the communication skills of the participants. The survey contained fifteen questions and was carried out in the form of an oral interview. The second tool was a five-point scale employed to estimate the students’ performance during the interviews. Therefore, the interview served to be an organizational instrument, while the scale played the role of an assessment tool. It is necessary to note that the discussions were organized with the participation of two interviewers: a bilingual Thai speaker and a native speaker of English. The interviewers applied the relevant scale to measure the lexical, syntax, discursive, interactive, and strategic aspects of a student’s speech. The key emphasis, in the meantime, was put on the lexical side of the language by the initially set research target. One should necessarily note that the researchers worked out precise criteria defining every level of a five-point scale: full, functional, moderate, sufficient, and marginal. Moreover,
Most companies today encourage their employees’ using their own mobile devices at work. The modern trend, Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD), is growing in popularity. The phenomenon seems to be easily explicable as the relevant strategy is primarily aimed at reducing corporate expenses on the technologies’ sector. Moreover, letting employees access corporate data from their smartphones means that the latter can carry out urgent tasks outside working time that improves their performance considerably. Meanwhile, using mobile devices in the workplace, likewise, implies a series of critical risks for the firm that pursues such a policy. First of all, an employer is unable to monitor the workers’ activity as long as the former use their personal mobile phones. In other words, it is highly problematic to define whether a person is occupied by work or is simply chatting on Facebook. Whereas corporate devices might be equipped with specific restricting options, a personal smartphone provides complete liberty of action. Furthermore, the variety of mobile devices used in a company might create particular difficulties from the technical perspective. Thus, the IT department receives additional concerns as its representatives need to ensure that all the devices used in the firm have same versions of programs and applications necessary for carrying out the corporate tasks. In this light, providing personnel with the similar series of Blackberries or iPhones is simpler as it guarantees that the staff operates within equal conditions. Finally, one of the most crucial disadvantages of the use of mobile devices in the workplace is the implied security risks. As soon as an employee receives immediate access to corporate data through a personal smartphone, one cannot be sure the content will not be accidentally or intentionally spread beyond the company. According to the recent research performed by Ponemon Institute, most of the companies have had the negative experience of losing valuable information. The relevant incident typically occurs either due to the carelessness of employees using their mobile devices or the managers’ failure to perform the controlling function (Ponemon Institute, 2014). The major problem resides in the lack of opportunity to track the number of personal smartphones within a company as well as to monitor their security level. Thence, statistics shows that the majority of employees do not install valid security programs on their mobile phones. Moreover, a significant part of them tends to download files from insecure sources. As to employers, they admit that problem of the staff’s carelessness in using their smartphones is often overlooked (Rapid7, 2013). As a consequence, the question arises whether companies should have a strict policy regarding the use of mobile devices in the workplace. On the one hand, the alternati
Introduction The Egyptian revolt, regularly referred to as the Revolution of 25 January, was an uprising that culminated in a series of revolts all over Egypt that began on 25 January 2011, the climax of which was a protest of more than 2 million people in Tahrir Square that finally led to the stepping of the nation’s first president, Hosni Mubarak. Mubarak had ruled the country for more than three days and was 82 years when he was overthrown. Despite being peaceful in most cities, the revolution was violent in some areas with the reported deaths of hundreds of people who had been killed by the pro-government security forces (Vick, para. 2). The protests were fuelled by past injustices meted on the people by the Egyptian government, these included police cruelty, state of emergency laws, lack of free and fair elections and stifling of the freedom of speech, corruption, and economic issues such as high rates of unemployment, high food prices, and poverty among a majority of Egyptians. Protests by labor unions worsened the already sore situation. Media reports have mentioned that close to 400 people died (some humanitarian organizations put the figure at 600), and more than 6,000 were injured. Not only did Mubarak step down as a result of the protest, the entire cabinet was dissolved and notable members of the government detained. Besides, Mubarak’s assets were frozen. Suppose the Egyptian government was similar to that of the US, the picture would have been different owing to the democratic nature of the US. Different Situation in America The United States of America ranks 17 th out of 167 countries on the Democratic Index compiled by the Economic Intelligence Unit. Out of the five category indices, it is labeled as a ‘full democracy’. On the contrary, Egypt is 121 steps lower at position 138 and is labeled as an ‘authoritarian regime’ (The Economist). These figures were compiled in 2010, prior to the Egyptian revolt. Americans enjoy their freedom of expression and are free to express this freedom in whatever way they choose. The constitution protects its citizens against police brutality and prohibits any inhuman acts taken against its citizens. If the Egyptian government was similar to that of the US, the protesters would have been offered police protection, however, if they became violent, non-violent methods such as water cannons and tear gas would have been used to disperse them unlike the Egyptian force that used live bullets, torture and detention to deter protesters. The president would have formed a special commission to look into the grievances of the protesters, and possibly make a clarification on these issues. Besides, the leaders of the protesters would have been allowed to talk directly to the concerned authorities, and to deliver their petitions. Incidences of police brutality would have been investigated and if proved, disciplinary measures taken against those responsible. Instead of declaring emergency laws, an Egyptian government similar to that of the US would have worked hard to address the issues expressed by th
The San people live in a country called Namibia, which is located at the west coast of the southern part of Africa. The country covers about 318, 261 sq miles with its size being twice that of Japan or California. The first time I heard of Namibia, I was quite unfamiliar with this country. However, I came to learn that it was the last colony to gain its independence in Africa since it was attained in 1990. The country has rich resources with a lot of diamonds, lead, zinc and Uranium. Its fishing industry is also thriving making the country fall under the category of middle income state in Africa. The San people of Namibia were hunters and gatherers, and they lived in small groups. The San people never stayed at one place, but often moved in search of food and water. They could stay in one place for just a couple of months after which they moved on to another place in search of food and water. They did not have rules languages or even money. This made the anthropologists to give them the name Bushman . Most of them lived in the Kalahari Desert , which is an extremely hot and dry land which lacks water and have no fertile soil. The rainy seasons in the desert are very few, and when it finally rains, there appear some water pools, and the landscape becomes green. That is the reason why the people lack fruits, seeds and berries. I have learnt a lot about their way of life by reading a chapter about the San people. For example, I have found that they share everything they have given the fact that they have to survive in the harsh environment. Sharing is a virtue they must maintain since it helps them establish and cement relationships. I have also learnt that they have no money to buy anything, meaning that they do not have things to store since they exchange all the things they have. In most cases, their life is threatened by food scarcity. Looking at the San society, we can see the roles’ distribution because the work of men is hunting, while that of women is picking vegetables and manufacturing things. A comparison of the San people with our society poses a question of whether sharing still exists. In most cases, only a few people will help the beggars in the street who beg for food. I have even heard that people give or lend money only because the borrowers are in a position to give back the money. This means that it is hard for the poor to obtain money from their friends or even relatives since they cannot provide proofs and guarantees that they are capable of returning the money (Lee 425). A look at sharing practices practiced among the San people shows that they never blame one another. One will never find them telling each other of how stupid or foolish the others are. Another good thing about these people is that they do not have prisons. A comparison with our society shows that it is very different from that of the San people. There are numerous constitutions and laws that protect and limit us. People often kill each other, steal from each other and hurt one another. This means that we cannot survive without legal penalties, such as prisons, and laws that guide our society. This does not mean that I am talking against the policies.
Who is Poppy? In this essay, Melissa tells us about how she interacted with her grandfather. Her feelings, emotions, and inspirations revolve around an oak box- a priceless gift from her grandfather, which passed from the grandfather to her mother than to her. Poppy, Melissa’s grandfather, made this box and as Melissa confirms, “It is a memory of the grandfather I never knew, a man who loved me with all his heart” (Burns 125). For sure, this statement is true. She knows her grandfather’s love so much but because of her tender age, she could not recall the times and performances they had together. Even though she never met her grandfather, her mother gave her a picture of him. According to her description, he was in his adulthood a, “German giant: six foot four and slender, with an olive complexion and dark but graying hair” (Burns 126). This statement is most likely true because photographs can bring some memories for Melissa. Melissa goes on to give some details about her grandfather and describes him as “a master craftsman, a WWII statistical officer in Italy. A peacemaker, a member of a bombardier squadron in the European Theater, a fighter pilot, a looker, a gentleman, a joke-teller” (Burns 125). Incidentally, poppy died four days after his 72nd birthday because of a coronary heart attack. At this point, one thing is clear; the perceptions of Melissa concerning her grandfather are not firsthand but reflect her mother’s opinions, as she is Melissa’s informant about her grandfather. A two-year child cannot remember such details as these without an external source, in this case, Melissa’s mother. Another major discrepancy of this story is the fact that Melissa sees her brother as an image of her grandfather. As Burns says, “he shares the height, the charm, the gait, and most of all, that devilish, cock-eyed smile” (Burns 126). This shows that Melissa has no memories at all about her grandfather but the images she has are from her mother. No person can remember the smile of their grandfather when they were two years old. Again, she says, “Poppy would lay me down on the family room floor and conduct a series of “tests” (Burns 126). This is evidently a projection of storytime images created in a Child’s mind when they receive new information. At this point, Melissa appears to have been disillusioned and cannot relate firsthand information and secondary information. While she received most of this information from her mother, she fails to acknowledge that and presents it as firsthand information. Another point of concern is the fact that Melissa paints an image of a perfect grandfather, which is not in the first place realistic. She tells her about his humor, kindness, love, and such good things about him. In reality, every coin has two sides and every person has admirable characteristics and flaws. Unfortunately,