ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, technology innovations drive service improvement efforts in multiple areas including law enforcement. Present-day police officers can use a great variety of devices including body-worn cameras, locator technologies, drones, and even social media to ensure public safety. Although many advantages can be gained by using such tools, technological advances provoke many concerns as well because the same devices may be used to commit crimes and violate the rights of others. Thus, in this paper, we will review the pros and cons of technology use in law enforcement endeavors and analyze some examples to illustrate their possible effects. Advantages First of all, technology allows for increasing operational efficiency and employee safety. For instance, such automatic devices as drones now can be used to access the areas where police officers simply cannot reach. The unmanned patrol and area monitoring with drones has significant strategic value because they provide real-time visual information to the police that can assist in choosing the most appropriate response to a dangerous situation without risking officers’ health and lives (Roufa, 2017). Another frequently used device, the body-worn camera, allows recording all daily activities of police officers and, in this way, the device may control the behaviors of both citizens and the person who wears it. The recorded data can serve to justify the use of force by the police, investigate crimes in detail, and assess the overall legitimacy of officers’ actions. It can help receive additional evidence related to a legal case and, in this way, may have a significant effect on its outcome (“Police technology,” n.d.). The police may also employ social media to solve crimes. For instance, it becomes a common practice to analyze Facebook posts or YouTube videos to locate criminals. It is observed that many criminals themselves often post information about their intended or committed crime or victims share information about crime on social media before referring to the police (“Law enforcement officials weigh the pros and cons of social media,” 2015). By detecting these hints promptly, the police can improve its crime-fighting capabilities. Disadvantages The major disadvantage refers to such risks associated with modern high-end information technologies as data breaching, data abuse, and hacking. Nowadays, many police departments use data security and identification systems that store biometrics and private information of individuals. They indeed help identify criminals faster and with greater precision. Nevertheless, the confidential information of millions of people can be exposed in case of a breach, and it may threaten their safety. Data safety can be jeopardized due to both internal and external factors such as ineffective protection of data, theft or hacking by employees or individuals not related to the organization, and unintentional loss of data (Holtfreter & Harrington, 2016). As stated by Holtfreter and Harrington (2016), non-employees, third parties, and hackers are responsible for over 70% of all compr
Many people across the globe face harassment, sexual assault, or domestic violence from other parties. A victim of such acts can apply for a Domestic Violence Restraining Order (DVRO) to avoid endangering the life of the restrained party. Since upon the expiry of a restraining order, a victim can file a renewal petition the current task is to determine whether the original DVRO of our client has expired, the burden of obtaining a renewal and available remedies if a court of law declined their request for a new order. Expiry of the Original Domestic Violence Restraining Order The original domestic violence restraining order has expired. A DVRO lasts for a period of five years after which the victim can apply for its renewal if he or she believes that the restrained individual can abuse, harass or threaten them upon the initial restraining order’s expiry ( Ritchie v. Konrad ). Since this company’s client applied for a DVRO six years ago, it has expired and should be renewed. The Burden of Obtaining a Renewal For an individual to obtain a renewal of DVRO, he or she must prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt. The court of law ought to grant the requested extension lest the ex-husband fights against the petition ( Ritchie v. Konrad ). Notably, a renewal of the restraining order can be dependent on the situations, which led to the establishment of the original order to continue to happen. Remedy in Case the Court Denies a Renewal Petition There are several remedies for the client if the court denies her a renewal petition and she gets a safety threat by her ex-husband. First, she can explore legal options such as appealing to a high court decision ( Ritchie v. Konrad ). The higher court will hear the case and make a determination. Besides, the victim may seek protection through a criminal no-contact order. The client can also contact a domestic violence resource center to get advice, support and help on ways to keep safe. A domestic violence restrainin
The purpose of this work is the manifestation of everlasting social problems like racial segregation, envy and jealously in the literary works of different periods namely Othello by W. Shakespeare and A Raising In the Sun by L. Hansberry. Apart from this, it highlights the solutions of these problems found in different times and epochs. The differences between them is another essential part of this essay. In general, the writing process was absorbing due to finding some instances of similarities and differences between the social views and moral values of the epochs presented in the plays. The didactic part of the essay presents the cognition of the demerits of the social system which lead to the crisis in the family relations and their final brake. The comparison and juxtaposition of the Modern and Medieval social systems and characters motivations is the most laborious part of the work as it requires additional efforts and sources of information. The comparative analysis of the epochs and the manifestation of the similar social problems typical for both social systems constitute the most valuable part of the work. Nevertheless, it leaves large room for further investigations in regards to deeper analysis of the plays’ characters and drawing parallels between them. The literature heritage is really gigantic. There is a great number of different literary works that are based on the most scandalous human emotions like love, jealousy, revenge and even racial segregation. The last theme is regarded by some as a newly appeared one typical for the contemporary writing, however, it is everlasting existing in Shakespeare time. The paper under analysis is based on the comparison of Othello by Shakespeare and A Raising in the Sun by Hansberry through the manifesting of the theme of the racial segregation and the nature of appearance. The comparative analysis comprises the realization of the racism in the epochs the characters live in, the position the characters take in the society, their mental strength and steadiness, and the symbolic level of problem’s manifestation. The nature of appearance is one of the basic topics that go through both plays. The protagonist of Shakespeare’s play is Othello The Moor – the word that signified a man with a black skin at that time, mea
Healthcare waste refers to all the elements generated by health institutions, research facilities, and laboratories. Extra waste is produced on a minor scale by activities such as home treatment, for example, dialysis. Debere et al. (2013) present the 2010 World Health Organization report, which reveals that over 16 million injections are administered to patients across the world every year. This finding indicates a large number of syringes involved. Consequently, not all of them are disposed of in the right manner afterward. Syringes form part of hazardous healthcare waste. Harmful waste contributes about 15% of the total healthcare waste. The other type, namely, non-hazardous waste, forms approximately 85% of the total waste produced by health care facilities. They can infect people, especially healthcare workers who handle them on a day-to-day basis. This paper will discuss various types of health care waste and their methods of disposal. It will begin by presenting the available international pacts on health care waste. International Agreements on Health Care Waste Various international agreements and principles dictate how healthcare waste should be managed. For effective application of these agreements, it is imperative to adapt them into the national legislation of each state that is a member of such conventions. The agreements include the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, which was enacted in 1989. This convention calls for the reduction in the production of hazardous healthcare waste. More importantly, the Basel Convention seeks to restrict the movement of hazardous wastes across country borders except where such movement is in accor
Audit Scope In the course of carrying out this security audit, I concentrated on a specific area where I primarily wanted to focus my attention. This was important because I believed that these areas are the backbone of this organization’s security. My audit work was to focus on the administrative, technical and physical security measures put in place by the organization. Initially, I realized that the organization had many assets such as; computers, laptops, cameras, and printers that are used to protect the business information. My first assignment was centered on proving how these assets are capable of ensuring maximum security to the information stored on them. Administrative and technical safeguards On the issue of computers and laptops, I learned from the administration that each laptop was specifically assigned to a single person who was entrusted with a password known to him and the organization’s administration alone. To enhance the security of the passwords, each employee was required to select a password that entailed a combination of letters and numerical figures. The length of the password was not to be less than eight digits, which implied that it was exemplary hard for an imposter to hack the password. In the same measures, the password could only be changed from a centralized position meaning that not even the employee himself was able to violate the security program. Physical security measures Similarly, I realized that the administration had come up with a security policy that required physical monitoring of security personnel in addition to installing exceptionally strong metallic doors and state-of-art, topmost security locks. There were equally signs inscribed on most doors of the organization’s premises prohibiting entry of non-staffs beyond designated points, which I also learned was another security measure to prevent unwanted people from having access to the customers’ information. Besides security personnel, an officer was stationed at the entrance. His role was to allow entry to approved persons only after leaving behind their identification card in exchange for another
Introduction Since time in immemorial, humanity has yielded to the temptation of using chemical substances that has caused irreversible damages to otherwise beautiful, and sound human people. This has resulted to a desperate search for the ‘cure’ instead of the more noble cause of prevention. Among all these destructive substances, alcohol is the leading one and a significant companion of the 21 st century people as well as a way of relaxing to escape the difficulties of posed by life. This trend is quite unfortunate because people ‘relax’ and ‘enjoy’ only forgetting to take care of not only their health, but also the health of people around them. This unfortunate scenario is especially so for women who are the ones expected to deliver the next generation. Research has shown that woman’s organs are very sensitive to external chemical influences such as alcohol. It is important to understand the nature of effects of alcohol on women and possible solution. Many people do not consider alcohol as a drug but considering that a drug can affect one’s thinking, acting, and feelings, then alcohol qualifies as a drug since it does all these. Effects of Alcohol on Women Alcohol effects last a lifetime and therefore can change the lives of persons abusing it and those who will be subjected to taking care of them. There is difference in metabolism depending on a person’s gender. This difference has led to significant disparities on men and women response to alcohol abuse. The mechanisms that help explain these disparities include; firstly, women have less water in their body, which would have otherwise helped dilute the alcohol in their blood stream. Secondly, women bodies are highly concentrated with adipose tissue, which is responsible for slower alcohol absorption. Lastly, women’s bodies have very low level of a particular enzyme that is required for alcohol metabolism. Alcohol abuse leads to alcohol dependence and a variety of long-term health complications. It is important to note that some of these health problems also occur to men who drink heavily, but women are more susceptible. Alcohol abuse among women can cause long-term health problems like development of osteoporosis, breast cancer, reproductive problems, heart complications and attack and brain damage. Moreover, women get addicted or dependent on alcohol more rapidly as compared to men. They are also likely to develop cirrhosis of the liver over a short period and less alcohol. Experiences of violence such as sexual assault are more common to women who are dependent on alcohol. Many women report alcohol abuse while responding to negative feelings to bo
Organizational structure According to Hamilton (1999), lack of an organizational structure leads to loss of organizational culture. This aspect arises from the fact that organizations can nurture strong operational practices amongst its workforce. In the course of its operation, the Coca Cola Company has adopted a hierarchical organizational structure. The organizational structure constitutes several departments such as the marketing department, administration department, research and development department [manufacturing and research], finance department, and strategic planning department. Figure 1: The Coca Cola organizational chart. Comparison of the manager’s goal setting and personal organization Goal setting should occur effectively to achieve the intended outcome (Daft & Marcic 2013). Goal-setting skills vary across individuals. Some individuals are very effective in setting and implementing goals while others are not, which explains the existence of differences in organizational performance. In a bid to be effective in setting goals, individuals need to ensure that the set goals are specific, time-bound, realistic, achievable, and measurable. The extent to which the set goals possess these characteristics determines their effectiveness. Organizational managers are more effective in setting goals compared to students. Their effectiveness in goal setting arises from the fact that they have to ensure that the set goals align with changes in the internal business environment. The set goals should be specific by focusing on a particular outcome. The time-bound characteristic arises from the fact that they should be attained within a particular period. The element of time ensures that the goals achieve the intended result. The goal has to be realistic in a bid to stimulate one to stick with it. In most cases, individuals tend to deviate from unrealistic goals. The goal should also be attainable. By using these parameters, it is easy to assess one’s effectiveness in setting goals. The continuum below illustrates a comparison of my goal setting ability with that of the Coca Cola Company research and development manager based on these elements. The goal setting ability is measured on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1= ineffective and 5= highly effective. From the chart, it is evident that the manager is very effective and consistent in goal setting.                                   Manager’s  My score Goal setting attribute  Score    Specific                       5  2
Marriage The most important reasons for marriage include the need to find the life-long sexual partner, have children, and share parental responsibilities. Financial benefits have also been of the most influential reasons for marriage for many centuries. The difference between exogamy and endogamy Exogamy refers to marriage to a person that belongs to another social group. All societies have rules of exogamy as they are needed to determine the relatives that are regarded as forbidden marriage and sexual partners. Endogamy refers to marriage to a person that belongs to the same social group. The rules of endogamy are also used in most societies. People are often encouraged or forced to marry those who belong to the same ethnic and religious group. The 3 ranges of social distance in reference to marriage The three ranges of social distance include Exogamous Group (close relatives forbidden for marriage partners), Endogamous Group (intermediate-range of relatives, associates, and allies considered appropriate for marriage partners), and Outsiders (outer range of outsiders with whom marriage should be avoided). The ranges of social distance are found among Yanomamo society Six ranges of social distances are found in Yanomamo society. They include The Localized Patrilineal Moiety, The Village Settlement, Marriage Alliances, Feasting Alliances, Trading Alliances, and Enemies. The difference between cross-cousins and parallel-cousins Parallel cousins are the children of the parent’s same-sex sibling (the father’s brother or the mother’s sister) while cross-cousins are the children of the parent’s opposite-sex sibling (the mother’s brother or the father’s sister). Parallel cousins, both matrilateral and patrilateral, belong to a person’s descent group, while cross-cousins do not. Cross-cousin marriages are common in numerous cultures. Parallel-cousin marriages are also sometimes encouraged in certain societies, as such unions help to keep the heritage within the lineage. However, such marriages are often considered to fall under incest taboo while cross-cousin unions do not. Avunculocal residence Avunculocal residence, common in matrilineal societies, is the pattern involving following certain rules of organizing the way of dealing with the residence issues. According to these rules, women and take up residence with their husbands and children tak
The mention of the word ‘cult’ has been synonymous with evil and was assumed to only exist in primitive societies. However, this is quickly becoming a fallacy with increasing cult-like groups beginning to emerge in various strata of society worldwide. Tikva Frymer- Kensky, in the article, Moses and the Cults: The Question of Religious Leadership , presents various arguments for this kind of behavior. According to the author, one striking feature of cults is the presence of a leader who commands so much authority amongst members that he becomes the object of their worship. The idea of worshiping a leader raises the question of who really deserves the worship and exposes the mindset of many who find themselves in cults. The author observes that majority of people who join cult-like religious groups are at a transitional point in their lives. It is true that the end of a chapter in one’s life is very intimidating as this end signifies the beginning of another chapter that is usually clouded with a lot of uncertainty. According to the author, if a person is feeling vulnerable, he will readily embrace something he can believe in. The irony here however is that once people are recruited into these cults based on their faith in a God, they tend to form a relationship with their leader where they seem to worship him and not the God they originally claimed to have believed in .The overall tone presented in the paper is that of desperation. The author seems to feel that cult leaders take advantage of people in vulnerable situations since they are more likely to make a submissive and unquestioning following. The author goes on to makes three kinds of arguments based on an analogy of the release of Israelites from Egypt since they exhibited behaviors of people in modern day cults . The first argument is based on values; the author seems to feel that people in modern cults are gullible and easily stripped of their values. He gives the analogy of draftsmen; in a new environment, with different people, and a similar uniform, soldiers easily develop military values. Likewise, modern cult members, easily lose the values they have had in their lives so far and adopt a completely new way of life. The second argument is based on character. Members of cults are portrayed as being dependent. The author
John Donne and Emily Dickinson are not necessarily poets whose names invoke immediate and evident associations with each other. Separated with more than two centuries of history and thousands of miles, not to mention their gender, these two may seem to have little in common except for the language they wrote in. However, the difference in gender is precisely what allows comparing and contrasting the poems of these two authors through the lens of feminist criticism. Both Donne’s “Death Be Not Proud” and Dickinson’s “Wild Nights” deliberate on the themes of control and power and discuss how these are exercised. Each author approaches the topic from his or her gendered stance indirectly reflects the gendered distribution of power in their respective societies. Overall, both speakers’ stances assert control in their poems, “Death Be Not Proud” emphasizes the masculine agency of patriarchal society while “Wild Nights” seeks to establish accentuated female power. When comparing the aforementioned poems from the feminist perspective, the theme of control and power immediately catches the eye as the key similarity between the two, expressed through the speaker’s stance. Donne’s poem addresses death to deny it any agency in human affairs by pointing out that it has no actual power over human existence. To drive his point, Donne points out that death is ultimately “slave to fate, chance, kings” – in other words, it is brought by external factors rather than comes of its own volition (9). The poet’s triumphant statement “we sake eternally” takes any presumed control of human existence from death and transfers it to people (13). Similarly, Dickinson’s “Wild Nights” also asserts confident control, which is also quite evident in the speaker’s stance. As early as the first stanza, the speaker claims that the eponymous wild nights “should be” – not merely “can,” or “may,” but “should” – be the luxury she and her love can afford (D