ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The phenomenon of reading an old newspaper is known: it is read with great interest until the eyes fall on the number. This suggests that the news is not particularly news; they reflect and confirm the model of the world, where only deviations from it are significant, stopping the attention of readers (Yap, Snyder & Drye 2018). News can perform different functions, reflect the world more or less objectively, or deliberately distort certain aspects of the world. They build a positive or negative picture of the world, keep the audience’s attention on the right aspects of the world or consciously switch the audience’s attention to other aspects. Fakes appeared in a world which was well-prepared for them – advertising and propaganda, the interests of the authorities or owners: and the interests of the opposition flooded the information space. Social media made it possible to dramatically increase the number of sources, thereby virtually destroying the concept of reliability or unreliability of information. In modern media, the concept of reliability has faded into the background, although it was a top priority in traditional journalism. Definition and Purpose of ‘Fake News’ What is ‘Fake News’? Fake news as a phenomenon exists as much as journalism itself, but, for the first time, fake news was talked about during the election campaign in the US as a factor that could influence world events. Thousands of articles, hundreds of scientific works, and dozens of conferences are devoted to fake news. In about the same period, the term completely was devalued and acquired the meaning of any information that did not suit the speaker (Davies 2011). However, the real meaning of fake news and its impact on mass consciousness is much deeper than personal delusion. Fake news is written and spread with the intent to harm an agent, legal entity, or person or to gain financial or political support. It is often published with sensational, exaggerated, or decidedly false headlines that attract attention. Fake news often uses bright headlines or completely fabricated news materials to increase readability, online access, and increase Internet revenue. In the latter case, fake news often has sensational headlines to increase the promotion from advertising produced regardless of the veracity of published stories (Doshi et al. 2018). Fake news is also undermining the serious coverage in the media and interferes with professional journalists. Easy acc
Introduction Between the colonization of Taiwan in 1895, and the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998, Taiwan has transformed economically in a major way. The financial crisis in Asia was caused by the shortage of foreign exchange, underdeveloped financial sectors, the role and use of IMF funds, and the effects of this crisis on the rest of the world. In Taiwan, the dollar was being forced downward as a result of this crisis; this forced the government to sell its foreign exchange reserves. This reaction caused the stunted economic growth and more problems in the financial and banking sectors. The economy of Taiwan gradually transformed from an agrarian based economy when they were under the Japanese empire to industrialization, and later into information technology. Taiwan followed USA and Japan closely in the innovation of information technology products. Several structural changes took place in the three successive regimes (nationalist, authoritarian and democratic) such as sector composition and ownership pattern. The Taiwan state has been involved in rigorous activities towards economic modernization. The state has focused on agricultural development, which has helped Taiwan to have excesses in taxes. The Taiwan regime (KMT) allowed experts to establish industrialization strategies. Industrialization has been of great help to Taiwan by shaping the industrial structure and encouraging investment. Thus, the challenge of globalization and Asian financial crisis did not affect Taiwan. The transformation of Taiwan economy has taken place in different phases such as, the era of colonization between 1895 and 1941 and its effect on economic development, the effect of regime changes on the economy and the effect of democratization, globalization and Asian financial crisis on the economic development of Taiwan (Tun-jen 20). Colonization Development Western countries had colonies in Asia such as Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia; However, Japan was main colonial power in Asia. In success and wealth, Korea and Taiwan are among the leaders in Asia and the World. These two countries were both colonized by Japan, and they share unique qualities as colonies of Japan. Korea and Taiwan have developed quickly in economic growth and democratization more than other countries in Asia. The Japan colonies had different experiences as compared to the Western colonies; furthermore the legacies left the countries with different states of democracy. Taiwan was Japan’s first colony, and its colonization was as a result of Japan’s need of economic prosperity and income from Taiwan. The introduction of industrialization by the Japanese helped coax the economy of Taiwan. In the first colonial decade, the Japanese undertook projects such as improvement of transportation which led to economic development. They also carried out analysis and review of land registers, and this led to an increase in tax revenue collection, property rights were made clear and made land transactions easier (Tun-Jen 21). In the second decade, the Japanese introduced sporadic analysis and review of population, land and natural resources. This helped improve the labour supply a
Introduction In recent years, people have been witnessing the fast growth of technologies that are expected to improve performance in various areas, increase effectiveness, and replace individuals in some spheres because of the need for higher accuracy, speed of calculations, and decision-making. Today, the broad use of devices and software is one of the trends of contemporary society. For instance, artificial intelligence (AI) is a specific innovative technology that possesses the unique qualities providing users with an opportunity to create new approaches or make decisions utilizing available data, processing it, and making forecasts about the development of a particular issue. The high speed combined with performance levels and the absence of mistakes in calculations contribute to the growing popularity of this technology and its employment by actors working in various spheres. However, the spread of AI can also introduce some ethical issues as there are fears that many employees will lose their jobs because of their inability to compete with this innovative approach. Trends of AI As it comes from the term, AI is an attempt to follow the way people think and make it more effective. It can be determined as the simulation of human intelligence processes by computers or systems with the primary goal to perform some complex functions (Haenlein & Kaplan, 2019). It includes learning, data collection, reasoning, forecasting, and self-correction (Haenlein & Kaplan, 2019). Because of the combination of these factors, AI is now being implemented in different spheres to achieve new levels of excellence. It also stipulates the appearance of certain trends in this field that can be observed today. The first one is the integration of AI and blockchain technology, which can be determined as a system of data records about transactions in cryptocurrency managed by a set of computers not owned by a single entity (Bullock, 2019). It can help to eliminate some gaps in security, create a decentralized data marketplace, and increase the level of tr
Randy Pausch, the professor of Computer Science, gave a lecture called ‘Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams’ for the students of Carnegie Mellon University. He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer; his life was put at stake and his last address to the public is aimed at disclosure the real sense of life and key steps to reach one’s outrageous dreams and goals. His speech appeared to be expressive and emotional giving an opportunity to feel the professor’s life experience and depth perception. The lecture was held in the humorous manner avoiding tragic and depressive aspects; the author highlighted education in engineering and computer science spheres combining it with person’s life goals to be compulsorily achieved. Throughout the speech the professor was constantly repeating that he was in a good shape not concentrating on death concept as the negative life element. This lecture was the professor’s last chance to share his experience and knowledge with the world and reflect personal vision of the meaningful life which should be lived in harmony with everyone who surrounds you. Professor Randy stated that people are happy when they do not complain and receive feedback from others; everyone should work hard and be prepared for everything. People are to make use of every chance given to them in life and spend every moment with the benefits for others. His lecture appeared to be areal inspiration to many watchers; the professor highlighted his principles of life and attitude to death. The professor tried not to focus on the ways of coping with death, but on the steps to be done in life. He tried to explain the importance of child dreams fulfillment through disclosing his personal ones. He disclosed his life stages stressing that most of his childhood dreams came true. ‘Brick walls are there for a reason. They give us a chance to show how badly we want something. (Randy Pausch Last Lecture: Achieving Your Childhood Dreams, 2007) His perception of life cannot be considered as objective; the professor was under the influence of death feeling and stressed the fact that everyone is given only one chance for life, for a successful one. The professor wanted to prove to everyone that people should not live awaiting, but acting every possible moment in order not to miss the chance of dreams realized. But according to his lecture, people do not always have the right of choice, ‘We cannot change the cards we are dealt, just how we play the hand’. (Randy Pausch Last Lecture: Achieving Your Childhood Dreams, 2007) Peop
In this paper, I would like to discuss such character of Camus’ novel The Plague as Joseph Grand. Although it is too early for me to advance any far-fetched arguments, I can say that Joseph is very much similar to Sisyphus; he becomes accustomed to the routine nature of daily life, and his existence reminds us of Sisyphus’ attempts to roll a rock to the top of the mountain. Albert Camus creates this character to show that the majority of modern people do not strive for intellectual or spiritual development, while focusing on the material side of their lives. If they do decide to make a difference to their existence, their attempts are usually very superficial. Another purpose which Grand serves is to prove that as a rule people do not search for good qualities within themselves, and only a sudden misfortune can force them to do it. In order to elaborate this argument, I need to discuss the behavior of this man, his relations with others and, most importantly, those expectations, he sets for himself. At first, one has to show how the author describes this person. Camus points out that “ambition was not the spur that activated Joseph Grand… All he desired was the prospect of a life suitable insured on the material side by honest work” (Camus, 56). This indicates that he was quite content with his status in community and the quality of his life. In part, this lack of ambition explains why he has served his entire life as a clerk and why his wife left him. It should also be noted that Grand also attempts to write a book, most probably, a novel. However, he never even finishes the first line of this alleged masterpiece. In his defense, Conrad says that he struggles to find the most suitable words and phrases for this novel and this perfectionism prevents him from progressing further. At th
Background of the study Some barriers to innovation and creativity can affect employees considerably. Notably, deprived creativity and inadequate innovation are influencing (negatively) the productivity and expansion of various institutions. Critically, gaining exemplary performance and competitive advantages in business operations requires a high level of innovation. This is to advance product quality in order to satisfy customer needs adequately. Meeting customer needs entails intelligent understanding of their concerns and designing amicable procedures based on innovative ideals to satisfy the concerned preferences. Indeed, innovation and creativity are fundamental pillars that influence realization of set objectives in diverse institutions. It is imperative to note that institutions, which perform exemplarily, are driven under innovative and creative ideals. This has contributed in elevating their product quality and service delivery. Innovation entails the capacity of creating new ventures and production procedures. It sets unique systems of operation that has not been fully exploited to gain competitive advantages. Innovation is achievable through determination and consistent pursuit for knowledge that defines institution’s competitiveness. As noted, no institution that can leverage its performance without innovation and advancement of products based on creative ideals. Ideally, institutions should develop strong innovative and creative department to drive product growth and eliminate barriers that may hinder commodity development. The department should be operated with determined, intelligent and passionate individuals with requisite capacity of learning new ideals of operation. They should also be able to carry out detailed research on emerging issues based on quality and the opportunities that are presented by the environment. Organizations that perform better and hold global presence, for example, Toyota Company, develop its products under innovative ideals. The company recognizes that innovation is the key to survival in the current competitive environment. The company’s management states that innovation is an element that seeks to add value to consumers by delivering products that hold unique but essential features conforming to their specifications. To achieve high standards of innovation, their must be superior communication, training, career development, technology advancement, and performance of research. Variably, individuals must exhibit positive attitude, perception and eradicate the fear of failure that influences execution of credible concepts (Dhillon, 2009, P, 3). Innovative initiatives are developed through understanding of the current needs and future expectati
The play portrays Othello, the main protagonist, as a respected and confident military man. The Duke’s words, “I think this tale would win my daughter too,” when Othello describes his love for Desdemona, refers to the fact that Othello was admired for his eloquence (Shakespeare 41). He is in great demand due to his military skills, which can be seen from Cassio’s lines that the senate “sent about three several quests to look for Othello” (Shakespeare 46). Meanwhile, Desdemona’s strength is her independent and honest nature as she insists on marrying Othello. For instance, the lines “My noble father, / I do perceive here a divided duty” shows Desdemona’s determination to convince her father that she has a right to make her decision (Shakespeare 42). Iago’s main strength is his ability to manipulate people by understanding their strengths and weaknesses. In lines “and what’s he then that says I play the villain,” Iago acknowledges that he seduces his victim, Cassio, by pretending to display good intent (Shakespeare 104). Thus, he can create different machinations while also retaining his image as an honest and loyal person. Iago manipulates Cassio into a position of disgrace by carefully designing and following his plan. First, Iago tells Cassio that he suspects Desdemona is interested in him by saying that her eye “sounds a parley to provocation” (Shakespeare 83). Second, Iago persuades Cassio to drink with him and invites others to join them in this “night of revels” (Shakespeare 85). He orchestrates a fight between Rodrigo and Cassio by ordering the former to “cry a mutiny” (Shakespeare 91). Meanwhile, Iago reports to Montano about the need to cure Cassio of his “evil,” referring to his drinking problem (Shakespeare 91). This scene ends with Cassio stabbing Montano, who tried to stop Cassio (Shakespeare 93). Thus, Iago successfully persuades Othello and others that Cassio is irresponsible and disgraced by luring Cassio into drink and fighting. Therefore, Cassio is unfortunate because he was trapped in Iago’s plan to humiliate him. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice . Edited by Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. Simon & Schuster, 2017.
Porter introduced the concept of five forces that seeks to analyse the competition in an industry. The model asserts that there are four forces that have to be assessed to determine the condition of the fifth force. The threat of new entrants shows the possible repercussions of the openness of the industry which is high in the industry. China’s membership in the World Trade Organization opened the doors for local textile manufacturers to export. This event will ensure that textile commodities from China are accorded with protection and charged with low tariff rates. There is a possibility that even small players will venture into textile export because of the low cost in transporting products. The emergence and threat of substitutes shows the low tendency, but suddenly emerging alternative retail firms. At present, there are no immediate substitutes that can potentially replace textile. But the emergence of new materials will make it hard to control the market. Consumer preference on textile products varies. Hence it is difficult to maintain consistency when it comes to design and materials. Moreover, the emergence of fashion creates several alternatives in the industry. Success in the textile industry is highly dependent on firms’ capacity to adjust. These changes are important considerations in making a move in the industry. The bargaining power of the consumers determines the capacity of the consumers to purchase the goods and price sensitivity. Clothing is one of the major necessities of individuals. Thus most households allocate a significant portion of their income for such products. Based on simple economic assumptions, an increase in income will improve available resources of households to purchase clothes. Recent trends suggest that there is increase in income in most markets where textile products are available. Price is a fundamental element that ascertains the saleability of a textile product. Pricy textile goods are often left for high end individuals. But there are several textile producers that sell cheap clothes. The bargaining power of the suppliers shows the capabilities of the supplier to meet the demand of the industry. Textiles are one of the staple industries of China. Its vast natural resources assure sufficient supply of materials for textile manufacturing. The supply is considered as one of the strengths of the industry. Aside from the abundance of supply, most suppliers sell their materials at cheap prices. Suppliers are partly responsible for the low-cost products distributed by textile manufactures based in China. Manpower is also one of the advantages provided by the textile industry. China houses the largest workforce in the world. This means that the quantity of production is assured. The competition in the textile industry is intense. There are several established firms and small players are also making their presence felt.
All health promotion programs should be developed based on proven theories. The importance of the theoretical component in developing healthy lifestyle promotion programs is confirmed by a large number of such programs created to facilitate changes in health-related behavior among the population. Involving people in changing health behaviors is a difficult task, which is such even in the best conditions. The purpose of this essay is to describe the model of health promotion and the barriers that affect the ability of patients to learn. The most well known model of health promotion that initiates changes in the behavior of patients is the Godfrey Rosenstock model. The basis of this model is that it is necessary not only to treat patients but also to promote a healthy lifestyle for them. This model is used to predict the behavior and readiness for changes of an individual (Cervera-Torres et al., 2021). In addition, relatives must be included in the treatment process, as this has a beneficial effect on the patient’s recovery. This model helps the patient to learn how serious the threat to health is, the obstacles to taking preventive measures in the future, and how it is necessary to make a treatment plan. Many barriers affect the patient’s ability to learn, for example, fear of change, pain, or fatigue. In this case, it is essential to demonstrate to the patient that he is not in danger. In addition, it is necessary to explain that training is required to prevent adverse health situations in the future. The patient’s willingness to learn or change leads to positive results. This is because when receiving new information about how to prevent the manifestation of the disease or how to lead a healthy lifestyle, patients are inclined to use these methods in practice. Naturally, the advice of a professional doctor or nurse aims to ensure that the patient recovers and can independently maintain their health. In conclusion, training plays a vital role in the organization of the rehabilitation process of a person who is being treated. When implementing training, it is imperative to consider the state of the patient’s cognitive activity and physical condition. It is essential to draw the attention of the patients and their family members to the importance of training for health promotion. The health promotion model’s ap