ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The discovery of some oil reserve in the state of California gives the chance to confront a hot-button issue in California. The demand by the California Indian Council to have the Bilingual Education Programs brought back in exchange for access to the oil reserves located in the Indian reservations land is in order and quite timely indeed. As I will review later in this paper, the Indian culture has continuously been eroded, and it is almost becoming extinct. Language is a very significant means of ensuring that culture stream down to the next generation. The native Indians, therefore, have all the rights to demand for the preservation of their culture by trying to ensure that their language is preserved. In this paper, I purpose to show why there is a need for every person to rally behind the California Indian Council in fighting for the return of bilingual education programs. The Bilingual Education Program It is worth noting that since the oil reserve is in the Indian Reservations Lands thus a private property, the council has all the rights to make such demands. The state on its part cannot force its way into the land as that will be going against the constitution. The oil reserve volume in the private land has not been confirmed, but it is highly suspected that the amount available is enough to commission exploitation. Exploration of this huge oil reserve will be a huge relief to the U.S. in general as this will go a long way to alleviate the energy shortage that is often felt in the U.S. The offering of the Bilingual Education Programs in exchange for the exploration of oil reserves is a good idea and meant for the common good for all the Americans. In adopting this approach, I am likely to confront a number of legal issues, which will definitely be brought by this approach. The first reaction will likely come from the other minority groups that might feel secluded and discriminated against by this action. The other minority groups will likely view the Bilingual Education Programs as a preference treatment of some section of the public and to rectify that, they may in turn demand to be offered similar services. In anticipation of such a move from the other minority groups, I will consider the reinstitution of the Bilingual Education Programs. I believe that all people should be treated equally, and therefore, I will put in more effort to ensure that all the minority groups enjoy the Bilingual Education Programs. The inclusion of all the minority tribes in the Bilingual Education Programs will be necessary to avoid sending a skewed image of policy making whereby policies are made to favor some minority groups. Therefore, the reinstitution of such a policy will not only cover the Native American Indians but all the minority groups. Setting the Bilingual Education policy to cover only the Native American Indians, as noted above, will appear skewed and will actually be a ground for the propagations of discrimination as there are other minority groups, which will likely benefit from the policy. To avoid such damning condemnation of propagating discrimination through skewed policies, al
The development of the information and communication technologies sector leads to significant changes in economic activity that require the introduction of appropriate instruments of state regulation, including tax and customs tariffs. At the present stage, it is important for the state to ensure taxation of transforming business processes and financial transactions. The formation of the digital economy is a process of global changes in all areas of activity, especially public administration. The emergence of the newest financial instruments based on digital technologies in the economies of countries requires solving a number of problems in taxation. Moreover, not only the state is interested in the prompt resolution of taxation issues, but also market participants – taxpayers. This is because the absence of specific legal aspects of the definition of digital money does not represent the possibility of amending the Tax Code and other legislative acts on taxes and fees. The formation of the digital economy determines the need for appropriate development and improvement of the processes and mechanisms of state regulation. The area of taxation, tax policy and customs and tariff regulation are not an exception here, and even, on the contrary, require priority attention. Taxes, fees and customs duties, as well as the mechanisms for their administration, must be consistent with the transforming economic processes and technologies of financial transactions. The active transformation of traditional ones and the creation of new sectors of the economy due to the rapid development of information and communication technologies require revision and rethinking of some principles and approaches of tax law. It implies consideration of the formation of the state tax policy. First of all, the digital economy is characterized by the predominance of intangible assets over tangible – these are the main product ‘manufactured’ by companies in this sector. For example, the so-called software as a service (SaaS) is popular. In this case, the consumer pays for the right to use, for a limited time, the capabilities of the software located in the virtual data storage (in the cloud) (Boccia & Leonardi, 2016). The first difficulty is connected with this – the mobility of intangible assets. In order to reduce the amount of taxes paid, companies prefer to formalize the rights to such assets to affiliated enterprises registered in offshore jurisdictions. The most important component of the global digital economy is e-commerce, which includes e-trading, e-capital movement, e-data interchange, e-money, e-marketing, and banking. All the main problems of taxation of e-commerce are typical for the EAEU countries, the European Union and the United States (Haslehner, 2019). One of such problems relates to the taxation of digital products and online services in the B2C (transactions between end-users and enterprises) and C2C (transaction
Word History During Rome’s conquest of Italy, the Romans used different tactics to ensure the success of the invasion. The well-organized army facilitated Italy’s conquest, as they were flexible at the war front. The army had smaller divisions, which comprised of 30 legions at the platoon level and could combine to form a larger unit of 5,000 legions (Tignor 77). This institution used superior equipment as well as detailed procedures in fighting the Italian soldiers. At the war front, the army used resistant short-bladed sword and excellent tactics as opposed to the Italians who used bronze swords. Roman’s policy of including conquered states in their conquest mission also led to the successful invasion of Italy. Instead of harming the conquered families, the Romans allowed them to be autonomous in their localities while under supervision. For example, the Aequians in 467 BC enjoyed local autonomy due to the Treaty of Alliance with the Romans (79). In this process, the Romans became friends with the conquered persons, who reciprocated by helping them with logistics that assisted in capturing Italy. The Romans fought several wars between 264 and 133 B.C.E. in order to acquire the empire. During this period, Rome conquered Macedonia and Greece after fighting the Carthaginians in the Punic Wars. The fall of Zama marked the end of Carthage as a powerful group, thus paving way for Roman’s control. Roman’s consecutive victories made them overcome Spanish resistance in the Mediterranean. With the growth of the empire, corruption becam
Introduction It is seen that the retail merchandising industry is in a constant state of flux and fashion demands keep changing with almost every passing day. Therefore, it becomes necessary for fashion designers and providers to keep their fingers on the pulse of the merchandising market and to be on the right side of fashion trends, both current and future. The current state of retail merchandizing It would require all the ingenuity, resourcefulness and market savviness of fashion designers to anticipate future fashion trends and make available such modern-day fashion apparel appealing to a large section of the actual users even before they could possibly ask for it. Moreover, the market is in constant dynamics and provides volatile changes in designs, color blends and shapes of costumes over time. Yesterday’s fashion becomes obsolete in today’s market trends and tomorrow’s fashion demands may tell a totally different story. Or it could be even in terms of earlier fashions reappearing in the markets sporting a fresh new look and appeal for designers and wearers. Thus fashion trends are constantly changing over time and market demands, ushering in new technology and newer styles in attire. “Branded merchandise and changing consumer perceptions/lifestyles make continual market monitoring essential.” (Mills). Opportunities and solutions to be implemented It is seen that in the context of strategic marketing with strong competitive elements, both within and across different geographical locations, whether in the US or on a global basis, it is necessary that owners of fashion retail outlets are alive to the need for closely observing their corporate brand image and the impact this is creating not only among users but also among rivals and competing businesses. Through market positioning, it is possible to be more selective in the choice of business promotional activities, designed to expand market share and introduce newer and better varieties of goods for better saleability and user benefits. While it is necessary that competitive markets need to be utilized and shares enhanced it is also necessary to ensure that market positioning is carried out with a great deal of ingenuity, resourcefulness and precision, especially in long-term business interests. “Better strategic retail positioning “results in better movement of products to high demand markets fuelling greater market demands, not only for current usage but also with an eye for future market development.
Introduction Purpose of this paper is putting prevention into practice. The best approach to managing and preventing falls involves a multidisciplinary, holistic and specific approach. While taking measures of prevention into account medical conditions, psychological and social circumstances of the individual should be considered.(Tremblay and Barber, 2005). The approach can entail primary prevention that aims at averting falls in people who have never fallen before. To achieve primary prevention increase in amount of regular exercises and physical activity is necessary. Any medication that can predispose a person to falls must be reviewed. Background Information Among the older generation Falls causes a major health challenge. According to (William B. Grant 2004) one out of three people aged above 65 years in the USA is suffering from falls. For those people over 80 years of age the proportion is one to two.Mortality rate in women due to falls is relatively higher than the youth. Falls can be caused by Neurological problems. Some of these neurological problems mostly affect the older people. For instance, minor strokes can cause considerable weakness. Parkinson’s disease hinders mobility. Falls can be referred to in another term as drop attacks, when the cause is unknown. The occurrence of this is usually unexpected and consciousness is not lost. Some of its causes are cardiovascular disease, transient ischemic attacks and carotid sinus hypersensitivity.( Patient UK 2008). Falls Injuries Several facts about falls should be put forward in this prospective project on the elderly. Age is a contributing factor to falling. Women tend to fall more than men. Secondly, most people who fall are likely to fall again after about six months. (Arvind Modawal, 2005). Falls and its consequences can be attributed to reduction in muscle and bone mass. Exercising and keeping fit can play a huge role in preventing p
Background and Hypothesis The issue of environment is one of the major global concerns in the modern world. This is because the rate of pollution has reached devastating levels. However, many countries are still ignorant about the situation. The level of environmental degradation still remains very high. This has led to dramatic climate change characterized by rising sea levels and increased cases of droughts and floods 1 . There are many factors that have led to the environmental pollution. One of these factors is the process of urbanization. Based on the previous studies, the rate of environmental pollution is increasing with the increase in urbanization. Although the process of urbanization is reducing pressure in the rural lands, it has led to overcrowding in the urban centers especially in slums. People also do not have access to clean water due to increased level of pollution. However, this problem can be solved by maintaining sustainable urbanism, Low-carbon eco-planning and smart growth. In order to solve this problem, there is a need for considering a sustainable urban design that minimizes carbon emissions to the atmosphere and generally a plan that is environmental friendly. This entails the adoption of the technologies that does not pose a significant threat to the environment. Such technologies are associated with lower carbon emissions. It also entails urban planning and designs that discourage environmental degradation. Methodologies Used For Desktop Research In order to be able to understand the issue of sustainable urbanism, it is necessary to have adequate information on the same. In this case, information is collected through structured questionnaires from urban city planners. These are resourceful in determining the most effective measures in mitigation pollution in the urban areas. The information collected is also important in determining the areas that need to be improved. This is more so important since the level of carbon dioxide emissions is still increasing despite of the measures taken to solve the problem. The information provided is therefore useful in finding out the areas that have been overlooked. The information collected will be useful in answering of the research question. In this study, both primary as well as the secondary sources are important. The study also includes visiting the urban dwellers and interrogating them and recording notes on information provided. This is vi
Leadership is a role and is not usually based on an individual’s genetic make up. People often confuse leadership with the occupation of certain positions of authority. This is however not the case as there are many individuals who hold no positions of authority yet they make a big impact when it comes to the concept of leadership. Some of those in such positions may on the contrary not exert much influence on their subjects. Humans usually decide on the way to influence others by persuading them, issuing of rewards, administering punishment, enacting rule, emotionally appealing to them and many more (Bennis, 1984). Leadership is usually based on ethics. A leader can only be considered effective if he/she considers morality in leadership. The person has to be able to distinguishing right from wrong and do that which is perceived as right. A leader is supposed to create conditions under which the subordinates will find it appropriate to exist; “A leader is a person who has an unusual degree of power to create the conditions under which other people must live and move and have their being, conditions that can either be as illuminating as heaven or as shadowy as hell. A leader must take special responsibility for what is going on inside his or her own self, inside his or her consciousness, lest the act of leadership create more harm than good (Johnson, 2004). At community and civic level, the capability of someone to lead is usually based on the ability of that person to acknowledge the fact there is the positive and negative side of leadership. The positive side can be equated to the ability of a leader to undertake his/her role as a leader while considering high ethical standards, the negative or shadow side of leadership can be compared to the negative traits such as greed and hatred. Facing the negative side usually minimizes the chance for abuse of power. A leader must be able to address the leadership challenges which include power and the privileges that come with it, issues of deception, ensuring that he/she is consistent, loyal and responsible. The way one addresses such issues determines whether such a person has the capability of becoming a good leader or a bad one at the community or civic level (Coles, 2000). Leadership is usually based on the ability of a person to be truthful to the seniors, colleagues, juniors as well as other parties that might require the person to attend to them. The person must treat others with fairness. The he/she should treat the subordinates in the most appropriate way like giving them the right and relevant information that is needed for them to effectively perform their duties. One with leadership qualities must be able to offer constructive criticism and not to use criticism as a means of pinning others down. The person should be motivational and compliment others where possible. Effective leadership has to be based on mutual respect and not dominative whereby the others are perceived as inferior (Allen, 2000). Deception usually has detrimental effects on the leadership as it erodes the trust that exists between the
Introduction Biopolitics stands for the practice of politicization, regulation, and economic exploitation of human biology to structure and manage large and small-scale populations (Stryker, 2014). The philosophical underpinnings of biopolitics were developed by Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, and Roberto Esposito (Stryker, 2014). The political idea pushed forward by their philosophy is that the peoples’ bodies can and should be utilized and managed with the higher purpose of ensuring, sustaining, and multiplying life through ensuring order (Stryker, 2014). On a macro perspective, it justifies state intervention into how people manage their bodies either directly, through laws and regulations, or indirectly through the creation of stereotypes that are conducive to the state’s or the ruling class’s political objectives. Some of the examples of biopolitics taking a part in the US are many, ranging from prohibitive legislations (towards the utilization and distribution of marijuana), recommendatory (preferable BMI with those over or under it deemed unhealthy), and replicatory (the current fight over women’s reproductive rights) (Stryker, 2014). Biopolitics has a normative presence in the media as well, forming either the plot point or an overarching influence on the stories being told. This paper will demonstrate some of the major infl
In fact, the ancient epic is famous nowadays mainly due to the fact that some of the works are considered as the first official mentioning of a hero. Moreover, these characters were given a special set of benefits and drawbacks since it would not be interesting to observe the adventures of an ideal person. A bright illustration of a provided theory might be the Odyssey’s and Gilgamesh’s traditions. On the one hand, Odyssey, who is returning to his home island Itaka, is a great example of an epic hero. While rethinking his brave adventures before returning to Itaka, he returns to his memories concerning his competitive soul: “ …In that Trojan land, when Achaeans shot, the only one who beat me with the bow was Philoctetes.1 But of all the rest I claim I’m far the best—of mortal men “(149). This notion emphasizes that his living standards and quality measures depend on how risky and severe is the new challenge for him. Consequently, Odyssey is a challenge-oriented individual who finds motivation to “bet” all of his power to overtake the opponent. On the other hand, Gilgamesh, who was a “spoiled” king due to the lack of qualitative parenting, did not realize his purpose of living until one day he lost his close friend Enkidu. The death of a close person significantly affected him and served as a “trigger” to active actions and the beginning of the new life. He settled the concrete goal of climbing the mountain Mashu and overcoming all of the obstacles to investigate the friend’s death. More specifically, when he observes the mountain’s guardian, he responds: “’ Although I should go in sorrow and in pain, with sighing and with weeping, still, I must go. Open the gate of the mountain ” (23). As a result, Gilgamesh demonstrated not only his wish of competitiveness and willingness for new challenges, which is the Odyssey’s case, but the genuine motivation to suffer the pain for his friend. In fact, this challenge is the classical theme of friendship and mortality. Finally, it might be stated that ancient heroes have a “string” that interconnects them with contemporary heroes. More specifically, both hero types are goal-oriented, which is not always the case with the heroes from o
An individual’s view and expectation of their gender and that of the opposite gender is a social construct. People have to identify with the typical definition in their society as a means of defending themselves against being labeled as opinionated (Butler 2004). Ethnicity of an individual affects how they interpreted the cultural aspects of the community they live in. Moreover, the population of a similar ethnic group as the individual in their community determines the level of influence that the ethnic group has on the popular culture of the community. This then influences the individual construct of gender. Being a man or a woman is more than a biological fact because the attributes that a person’s learns to associate with manliness or womanliness are not in born. People learn how to behave like a man of a woman and what to expect of a similar gender or an opposite gender. As individuals grow up, they acquire a definition of their gender through normal day interaction. This can be by observation, direct influence by others and a negative reaction to an opposite stimulus. For example, children learn to behave like boys as they are advised by their parents and guardians of how boys should behave. The treatment they receive and the manner in which they see other children behaving reinforces their character as boys (Butler 1993). The transformation of the duality of gender does not occur in one instance. Although the realization of one being a boy or a girl is instant, the modification of ones attitudes and the overall personality undergoes a gradual shaping dependent on the rate at which the individual receives stimulus from their cultural environment. Different ethnic groups and social communities will turn towards the periphery, certain characteristics, in people’s personality, according to gender. For example, in an ethnic group it may be okay for boys to play with girls up to a certain age where they become men and should no longer be associated with girls in a playful manner. In a similar way different ethnic groups as diverse roles assigned specifically to male or female members and belonging to a given group influences how an individual regards gender roles and the expectation of their personality. In accordance with posit presented by Holmes (2007), one becomes a woman despite the fact that they are born female. The embodiment of the social expectation of woman hood makes one a women. Therefore, it becomes right to indicate that gender as perceived in the contemporary world is a social construct. Women are seen as objects because the historically men have shaped the universal view of gender. Children learn from their families and communities to observe girls and women as less capable of their individuality and therefore unable to shape up the societal view of gender. Women appear to exist to be watched by men and in return, they endeavor to increase their likelihood of being watched. On the other hand, men seek to be the most tactical in identifying the most watchable women. Therefore, the men choose t