ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A news article in The Miami Herald discusses a key policy issue related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper describes the move by lawmakers to fast-track a proposal that seeks to provide immunity from COVID-19 lawsuits to some businesses that comply with the public health guidelines (Sexton, 2021). It is important to highlight that Miami also seeks to protect churches and schools from similar lawsuits citing the need to boost the economy (Ash, 2021). This paper aims to examine the policy issue discussed in the article by Sexton (2021), paying attention to the neutrality of the piece and the means by which the policy can be influenced. In summary, the news article reports that the Republican-led parliament seeks to fast-track a proposal that intends to protect businesses from COVID-related lawsuits. The criterial, Sexton (2021) notes, is that these businesses have “substantially” observed the guidelines of public health. The author also mentions the fact that neither the Senate measure (SB72) nor the House bill (HB 7) has expressed the intention to protect healthcare institutions. This is a point that has been noted by many, and the author reports that Jeff Brandes claims that the healthcare providers are not being ignored. The St. Petersburg Republican claims that the legislature will work towards providing the medical staff with protection, but it will take more time. After mentioning the lack of protection for healthcare workers, the article focuses majorly on the controversies surrounding the decision and continues to cite opinions from key lobbyists and individuals involved in the debate. It is only towards the end that the author changes focus again to businesses and sheds some light on the issue of compliance as it is the main criteria for protection. Business groups have been criticized for pushing the lawsuit limits. In essence, the news article highlights help explain why the decision is a controversial one. The policy issue affects me as an ordinary citizen because it removed the protection from the businesses and their negligence, which may mean greater exposure to the pandemic without the businesses being held liable. Sexton (2021) uses in quotes the word “substantially” to highlight the vagueness and the loose manner in which the immunity will be provided. It can be opined that this word should be replaced with “completely” or “fully” to indica
Abstract This research is an in exploratory examination of the possible correlation between TV food adverts targeted at children aged between 5-12 years and their parents being persuaded to purchase the advertised products. It uses a content analysis of a sample of ads aired on TV during children’s programming and interviews with 50 parents to examine how food advertising may influence children’s eating habits and their parents’ attitudes on the subject. Introduction Food advertisements are common in many developed countries. These advertisements are mainly used to entice consumers especially children. According to the Young Media Australia (1997 p.1), Australia is one of the nations with the highest number of food advertisements aired during children programming. Many studies indicate that a large number of the food products advertised in the Australian TV channels contain high levels of fats and sugar which are associated with a myriad of health problems including obesity. Interestingly, these advertisements are mainly aired during children programming. However, the main problem does not lay on the timing but the contents of the advertisements. Because of these advertisements, children are bound to show preference for these high fat and sugar containing foods at the expense of other food products that are healthy and highly nutritious(Gantz, Schwartz, Angelini & Rideout, 2007 pp 8-11). This has been a subject of controversy among many stakeholders especially parents. In this debate, the relevant authorities especially the Australian Communications and Media Authority Children’s Television Standards have been put on the spot as to why they are not putting measures to address the situation (ACMA, 2005 p.6). The rationale for carrying out this research is to evaluate the impact of food advertisements on children aged between 5-12 years in the period between 2005 and 2010. The study awakens awareness on the role played by media in shaping eating habits. Previous research has shown that food advertising is very instrumental in persuading children to consume unhealthy foods and this has raised concern by parents (Harding, 1999 p.7). This study will examine parents’ attitudes on food advertisements. It will also expound on the measures put in place to counter the effects of food advertisements. Problem Statement There has been a big outcry from different parties on the impact of food advertisements on television during children viewing time. It has been argued that such advertisements have negative impact on children and have led to parents becoming more concerned on their children’s eating habits. As a result, it has been argued that they should be banned. Nevertheless, banning such advertisements has many implications and may not be the long-term solution. This current research will substantiate claims on the effects of these advertisements by examining their impacts on children aged 5-12 who have been termed as the major casual
For most people, the process of learning a new language can be exciting but at the same time challenging. The first three chapters of the book by Ryding (2013) provide the “fundamentals of foreign language pedagogy” (p. 1). To start with, the author states that acquiring another dialect needs continuous exposure to target data in multiple ways and from different sources (Ryding, 2013). In a formal setting, where there are a teacher and students, the former needs to make wise pedagogical decisions. It may be overwhelming for the educator, regarding the place to start and materials to select for better progress. Ryding (2013) offers ten principles for discussing Arabic, including high expectations, complementing the textbook, lively class, practice, starting with what is known, regular homework, range of activities, filling, and reviews. What I garnered from the first chapter is that it is important to have the determination and make the experience of mastering the tongue interesting and full of various tasks. In the second chapter, the author focuses on how instructors can balance teaching and learning, as well as research and practice. It is essential to think of an underlying theory for tackling the pedagogy of different varieties of Arabic (Ryding, 2013). Notably, the fundamental difference hypothesis assumes that second language acquisition (SLA) is significantly distinct from toddler development of mother tongue. Several frameworks can be utilized in understanding SLA, including behaviorism, generative theory, universal grammar, relative contribution model, and processability. Each is based on proposed possible ideas, otherwise known as a hypothesis. In research, tentative statements are often put to test before verifying their validity and integrating it into practice. One of the realizations I made while reading is that learning is different from acquisition. Whereas the latter is informal, unconscious, intuitive, and needs tacit competence, the former is formal, conscious, analytical, rule-based, and is done in a lecture hall. The third chapter clarified that institutions require lecturers to be professional and adhere to professional standards while interacting with students. It is useful for the instructor to uphold integrity by constantly reflecting on their actions and speech. According to Ryding (2013), distinction in the type of knowledge, including received and experiential information, influences teaching. It is always important to document all the skills garnered when interacting with students to enhance progress. Other ethical conducts must be upheld in teaching Arabic, including good judgment, objectivity, licensure, and qualification for the job. There are six important components of professionalism, which are certification, networking, small grants, mentoring programs, meetings, and peer reviews. Significantly, I realized that teachers rarely apply for a subsidy to aid in their research. More awareness
Executive Summary Regulation of multinational corporations is significant towards sustaining the social and economic aspects of the Australian society. Actually, the regulatory authority in Australia should be proactive in its activities to ensure that the interests of citizens are protected through enhancing ways by which multinational companies can serve the social and economic pillars as part of the corporate social responsibility. Despite the series of benefits that Australia derives from multinational companies, such as improved skills, taxes, and increased employment, there are demerits of globalisation in business. These demerits include unethical business practices, low wages, poor working conditions, and disturbance of the social fabric of the dynamic society. Apparently, there is a need for the Australian authorities to regulate the multinational corporations’ contributions through incorporation of business ethics policies and neo-liberal economic intervention by creating regulations that minimise interference with the free economy. Introduction Purpose and context of the report The prime principle of globalisation is featured by the interconnected holistic phenomenon. Due to globalisation, the world has become a village in terms of politics, economic endeavours, and cultural interaction. Understanding the position of globalisation in the Australian society requires critical analysis of cognitive values attached to practices, beliefs, and social dynamics which control and align a society towards astute of simultaneously interacting functions at macro and micro levels (Clifford 2009). In the case of the Australian social and economic environments, the third estate comprising of employees has endured inhuman work environment treatment, unreasonable wages, and abuse of age limit for legal labour provided by some of the international companies that operate in Australia (Caputo 2007). This paper will present two recommendations to the Australian government on how it should regulate the multinational corporations’ contributions to the society and economy. Background and rationale of the report In Australia, the government is proactive in regulating the contributions of the multinational corporations to ensure that the economy and the society are at advantageous position. Specifically, the regulation has been implemented through the stringent requirements on corporate social responsibility, labour laws, and balance between economic and cultural aspects of sustainable business, in all sectors of the economy. With the rise in technology and other competitive forces in the modern global production activities, the government of Australia should introduce more stringent policies to guarantee mutual benefits between the citizens of Australia and the multinational corporations. Thus, the rationale of this report is to present a neo-liberal and social-democratic recommendations on the best w
“The Salton Sea: An Account of Harriman’s Fight with the Colorado River” by George Kennan thoroughly recounts the dramatic creation of a fertile oasis in a dry desert near the Imperial Valley. Herewith, the author provides all details about severe mistakes, neglect, mismanagement, and overreaching to unfold the problem. This paper aims at providing my personal critique of the book and relating it to my career and objectives. The information in the book equips me with practical advice that I may use when constructing irrigation systems able to increase Kuwait’s fertility. In particular, based on reading, I now clearly realize the importance of addressing all significant issues while developing a specific project to prevent complications in the future. For example, having sufficient data about the land and the river, the engineers neglected the possibility of canals’ obstruction by the silt and failed to develop relevant solutions. Besides, I understand that I should design projects with spare power or volume to meet the potential growth of demand. This requires the in-depth examination of territory, climate, a population that will use the resources, and a company’s material abilities. It is also vital to consider possible risks that may occur in both short-term and long-run prospects. For instance, like California, Kuwait also possesses deserts and arid periods alternating with torrential rains that may inflict emergency threats. Thus, a constructor should elaborate a plan that can eliminate or at least minimize hazards and related adverse outcomes. Finally, after reading, I have received excellent examples of how to consolidate efforts when particular calamities are coming or have already occurred. Such situations require appropriate problem analysis and authentic leadership to guide and organize people and collect needed resources to respond to the disaster timely and adequately.
The system of four pyramids lies on the basis of Australian sport. These pyramids exist within a multidimensional framework, which is dynamic and has evolved from a generic sports industry in the 1970s and 1980s to a series of individual sports industries existing nowadays. With regards to the above-mentioned fact, the conclusion can be made concerning the actuality of the Australian sport delivery systems for the next ten to twenty years. Evaluating the facts, it seems that in the constantly changing situation of the Australian sport system it is important to implement new tactics and strategies in it on a regular basis, and upgrade its condition, as a result. The need for constant upgrading of the Australian sport system can be supported by the fact that the competition for financing between varieties of different kinds of sports is glowing which creates the necessity for regular revaluation of the situation and implementing new strategies. Similar to the situation in the world sport, the situation in Australian sport is constantly changing requiring dynamics and operational efficiency on the part of its managers (Coakley 2007). Such needs are explained by complex sport management problems existing within the country’s sport system. In particular, among the most significant problems are the fund’s allocation policies. According to Stewart, Nicholson, Smith, & Westerbeek, (2004, p. 139), ‘increasing competition for funding has led to closer scrutiny of organizational expenditure’. This comment shows the essence of the problems which is in finance distribution. Such problem is explained by the fact that Australia has a rather low population for the number of sports which are offered for acquiring the status of “Australian National sport”, and, thus, the country’s sports officials are faced with the need to choose how to allocate the funds offered by the government (Shilbury 2010). It becomes clear that all the proposals concerning financing different kinds of sports may not be satisfied; this explains the importance of having the right choice among them. In addition, in some sports leagues which used to be actively financed in the past, the current situation appeared to be rather complicated. These sports lost their former popularity which led to the necessity of eliminating them from the list of national sports financed from the country’s budget. Among such sports is rugby. The situation with rugby is very problematic nowadays which raises a number of issues as to its financing and support. T
Article Critique An alternate plan paper titled “Reading Comprehension in the Secondary Classroom” written by Rowe Novotny and Kathryn Grace seeks to address the issue of teaching comprehension strategies for secondary education. The paper explores available research related to the area of study at the secondary level to determine the most viable strategies for determining students’ comprehension skills. It is clear from the introduction to the first chapter that the issue of mastering academic content is one that requires comprehensive research. The authors start by saying that even though comprehension is an essential skill for the achievement of post-secondary goals, numerous students do not have sufficient comprehension of reading materials (Novotny & Grace, 2011). They state that all teachers have to provide their students with efficient comprehension strategies so they would become successful readers. Another part of the paper provides a literature review focusing on the following aspects of the issue: reading comprehension and the important elements, comprehension strategies, and implementation by teachers. Taking into consideration that the problem of reading comprehension in the secondary classroom is extremely complicated and multifaceted, the authors create a clear presentation of the issue focusing on the most important strategies. They sum up the section dedicated to the process of reading comprehension and its important elements by saying that all secondary teachers have to focus on the following elements of reading: vocabulary building and vocabulary instruction, comprehension strategies, and the development of professional skills of educators (Novotny & Grace, 2011). The next part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of existing comprehension strategies. The authors review four academic papers that indicate question asking and answering, summarization, story mapping, graphic organizers, generation of questions, and monitoring comprehension as the most important methods for increasing comprehension of reading materials (Novotny & Grace, 2011). Novotny and Grace close the last section of the second chapter of the paper by providing the following strategies for implementation of comprehension techniques: prediction, questio
Introduction South Asia is the fastest growing regions in the world yet poverty continues to prey on the citizens of some of the countries within the region. The region plays host to numerous poor people far more than those located in the Sub Saharan Africa (Husain, 2008). While the economic growth measured in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been on the rise in many countries, questions persist regarding the use of the measure to appreciate the poverty situation within the region. In fact, poor people that live below $1.25 a day have increased over the last two decades. This paradox of economic growth versus poverty levels within the country has prompted the debate on ways to counter the widespread poverty within the region. This paper seeks to make comparison of poverty situation in Pakistan and Bangladesh. This is in the manner poverty is manifested, the vulnerable social groups and ways in which the respective societies are responding to the high poverty levels. Manifestation of poverty On the one hand, it is almost impossible to quantify the levels of poverty in Pakistan. However, many economic indicators give an overall indication of high levels of poverty in the country. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) estimated that about 28% of Pakistanis lived below poverty line by the dawn of 2009 (Husain, 2008). Coupled with a low human development index of about 0.57, the country also experiences widespread in income inequalities that are skewed towards the rich. This implies that 10% of the richest Pakistanis earn almost 30% of the entire income showed by various economic indicators (Husain, 2008). On the other hand, Bangladesh reflects amongst the poorest countries in the world. Despite recording an annual economic growth of about 5% for the last two decades, the country grapples with endemic poverty. Economic indicators show that Bangladesh remains poor and hugely unable to meet the needs of the ever-increasing population. Unlike in Pakistan, over 40% of the entire population lives below the poverty line. Wealth distribution in the country is also highly skewed. Due endemic corruption, the countries continues to experience a widening gap between the haves and the haves not. Human development index (HDI) of the country falls way below that of others in the same region. According to World Bank, the country’s HDI estimates indicate a 0.54 level of human development that is apparently low. While the two countries experience similar economic trends in terms of poverty, there are considerable differences in the way poverty is depicted. Besides, the causes of poverty are dissimilar. Pakistan attributes the rising numbers of poor people to various factors. Primarily, poor governance remains at the heart of the poverty-laden country. By the beginning of 1990s, the country’s governance in the management of social and economic development presented the country with the biggest challenge in the fight against poverty (Sugata & Ayesha, 2004). This has persisted up to now. Corruption and increased numbers of separatist movements has reduced the investments in the country. Such movements in areas as Wa
Introduction Human resource planning is one kind of management functions applied to the human resources. It can also be viewed as a process in which individuals talents, interests and skills are matched with the opportunities available as well as the intended goals. The planning process involves the decisions on what and how things should be done as well as who will do each function (Jackson and Schuler 1990: 240). Human resource planning plays a pivotal role in every organisation. The success of any group activity will significantly be determined by the effectiveness of the human resource planning process. Good planning promotes learning and skill development among individuals. Discussion In an effort to host an inspirational 2011 Olympic Games, LOCOG ( London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games ) is commitment in necessary preparations in order to achieve its objectives. This chance comes with great opportunities to the country both socially and economically. The main objective of this committee is to stage an inspirational Olympic and Paralympics Games for everyone (The Times 100, not dated: par 5). The committee is devoted to providing the necessary requirement for the games to ensure total satisfaction. The LOCOG is also determined in ensuring that the Olympic Gamers maximizes all possible benefits to the United Kingdom (The Times 100, not dated: par 9). The role of Atkinson’s model of the flexible firm’ as a tool for Human resource Planning The Atkinson’s model of the flexible firm as a tool fo