ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Stereotypes about the elderly There are various stereotypes of the elderly in the United States. According to Martyn (2000), this has been due to several fallacies that the society has towards the aging. One of the most common stereotypes towards the elderly has been that they are weakling people who must depend on other members of the society to survive. For this reason, they are considered as a burden to the working class. This myth is very misleading because some of the richest people in this country are the elderly population. There is another stereotype against the aging that they fall sick quite often, causing a burden on the medical facilities in this country. Some scholars have even suggested that there should be special health facilities for the aging, a sign that they often fall ill. This is another fallacy because the elderly people who stay active and healthy rarely need medical attention. Initially, I believed that the accusations leveled against the elderly were true. After conducting extensive research on this issue, I realized that they hold no truth. This has made me a fight these fallacies and defend the elderly who have every right to be part of this nation. Physical and cognitive issues involved in aging Recent researches have associated aging with several cognitive and physical issues that affect their normal lifestyle. It is a fact that the elderly are less active as compared to the younger population. The fact that they are less active brings in several health complications physically and psychologically. This is because mental health depends on the ability of the patient to remain active. This brings several health problems to the elderly if they fail to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle. Diabetes is one of the health complications that have been associated with the aging population. Schirm (2008) says, “In addition to the traditional vascular complications, diabetes has been associated with excess risk for cognitive and physical decline, falls, fractures, and depression.” This scholar says that elderly people have a problem in commanding their body. They prefer activities that do not strain their muscles. This results in slow muscle stimulation and this lowers the mental capacity and the rate of thinking. This explains why it always takes time for the elderly to process a piece of information and give the necessary response. Limited physical activity also hurts the ability of the elderly to withstand a physical strain. This means that when their borne is subjected to serious physical strain, they can easily break, and it may not be easy to treat such borne. Mental health treatment issues involved in working with the aging client When attending to an elderly patient, it is important to understand some of the mental health issues i
As civilizations emerge, evolve, and then disappear in the ashes of time, they leave a range of artifacts behind as reminders of how fragile human life is and how fleeting the era of the human reign can be. Of all art pieces that civilization may leave behind, sculptures tend to be the most durable and, therefore, the easiest to use in the analysis of what a specific culture represented, what values it held, and what philosophies it promoted. Unfortunately, even sculptures ten to dissipate, with their colors withering away, and their intended meaning gradually being destroyed. However, at ties, due to their scale and size, sculptures created by previous civilizations manage to retain their original form, thus, representing a unique opportunity to examine the life of the people that represented it much closer. The Terracotta Army is one of such artifacts, consisting of a myriad of smaller sculptures that were intended to represent the army of one of the monarchs ruling China at the time, specifically, Qin Shi Huang (Emmerling 2001). Although the Terracotta Army has been preserved in relatively good shape, its meaning and function have been vastly misrepresented in the history of archeology. The specified misunderstanding proves the importance of using proper scientific tools for understanding the past civilizations, as well as the threat of misinterpreting the meaning of the artifacts, thus, creating a false narrative about the civilization in question. Having become a proverbial case in the archeological community, the Terracotta Army has been used as an example of what must not be done during the performance of the archeological analysis and the assessment of the discovery. Surprisingly, errors were made at the very first stages of managing the archeological discovery, as the existing sources indicate (Quinn et al. 2017). Namely, due to the inaccuracies in the archeological analysis, proper measures were not undertaken to shield the art piece from the detrimental effects of microorganisms and changes in the weather conditions (Li et al. 2016). As a result, the statues displayed in the artwork lost a significant range of colors, having become quite bland, with multiple nuanced elements of their design having turned barely noticeable (Li et al. 2016). Apart from affecting the aesthetic of the artwork, the described change has also contributed to a worse understanding of the differences between individual statues and the function that each played in the context of the sculpture as a whole. Moreover, constant exposure to poor weather conditions has increased the fragility of the
Introduction Adolescence is a transformational phase, which marks the transition between childhood and adulthood and it comes with many physical manifestations of the involved changes. However, the phase is also infamous for rebellious behavior. Most parents lack an understanding of the occurrence of rebellion, and thus they blame it on environmental changes. Such presumptions suggest that rebellious behavior is avoidable through changes in the environment. Some of the most common acts of rebellion include challenging parental authority, drug and alcohol abuse, and teenage marriages and pregnancies among others. However, some scientific theories suggest that there is more behind the behavior than mere surroundings. Various researchers have developed theories that suggest that psychological development in children as they transition into adulthood is the core reason for such actions. This paper examines opinions from various scholars based on their research on teenage behavior, especially their justification of teenage rebellion. Literature review on teenage rebellion In recent years, scholars have presented various viewpoints regarding the causes and progression of rebellion among teenagers. For instance, Pilecki and McKay, authors of the article, “ the theory-practice gap in cognitive Behavior Therapy”, explain that although parents think that teenage rebellion emanates from peer pressure, such is not often the case. According to Pilecki and McKay (2013), parents often blame children without consideration of their contributions to such behavior. Both authors refer to previous research on human development to justify their findings. Pilecki and McKay (2013) agree with Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. Kohlberg developed a theory of moral development that explains the relation between stages of growth and a person’s behavior. According to Kohlberg, human moral development occurs in three stages, viz. the pre-conventional stage, the conventional stage, and the post-conventional stage. The first stage occurs during early childhood, between birth and the age of twelve years. He explains that at this stage, children establish their perception of morality through the application of principles of reward and punishment. In essence, children tend to do more of the activities that yield reward and less of those that result in punishment. People transition into teenage, their view of morality changes and they shift their focus to conformity with the law, using the actions of adults around them
Introduction Eat a Bowl of Tea is a 1989 film directed by Wayne Wang in a Chinese America setting. It was crafted from a novel by Louis Chu, the novel was by the same name and had been published in 1961. The work is a depiction of the clashes between Chinese culture and way of life and the American ideas existing at the time in Chinatown of the City of New York in the period after the Second World War (Xiangyang, 2004, p. 215). The US immigration laws had been relaxed at the time. It has gained recognition over the years as a significant study in Asian American studies. The focus is on four main characters. They constitute a newly married couple, Ben Loy and Mei Oi, and their respective fathers, Wah Gay and Lee Gong. Russell Wong acted as Ben Loy, Cora Miao as Mei Oi, Victor Wong as Wah Gay and Lau Siu-Ming as Lee Gong. The film’s main comic is the impotence of a bridegroom after tying the knot. He finds himself in conflict with his community’s culture since his ideas don’t match with the community’s way of life. Issues of ethnic identity are brought out while at the same time bringing up light moments (Shu-yan, 1993, p. 99). Review The film begins with a Greek chorus, and a noticeably 40s setting. The newly-weds, Ben Loy and Mei Oi are peacefully sleeping when their sleep gets interrupted by the doorbell (Shih, 2001, p.45). It is a prostitute at the door and Loy lies still in bed to conceal his past way of life from his new wife. The story is then taken back, the scene is a gambling joint where Wah Gay and Lee Gong, who are Chinese immigrants and close friends find out that Wah has a son who should settle down and Lee has a marriageable daughter. Both these men’s wives and the daughter, Mei Oi, are in China. These men decide to send Ben back home to marry Mei. Ben is at first reluctant and sees no sense in this because he’s gotten used to flings with the white prostitutes of New York (Shih, 2001, p.46). He eventually decides to move to China and there he marries Mei and takes her back to New York so they can start a family. All these movements, unfortunately, end up making the young man impotent. Though they made love at the initial times, Mei becomes increasingly frustrated because her conjugal needs are not taken care of. As time goes by, a visitor, Ah Song calls at the couple’s. He flirts with Mei and she gives in. Later, she discovers she is pregnant and knows not who between Ah Song and Ben is responsible; at on
Introduction The Pueblo Revolt of 1680: Conquest and Resistance in Seventeenth-Century New Mexico is an interpretive book, which was written by Andrew L. Knut in 1995 as an exegesis of the available records that talk about the Pueblos of New Mexico in the seventeenth century. Knaut is a historian, and he relies on documented evidence to interpret how and why the Pueblos resisted Spanish domination and brutality together with the occurrences that preceded the 1680 revolt. This paper is a book review of The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 highlighting the underlying thesis, how the thesis is outlined and defended, and how the author uses primary and secondary sources to support his claims. Nature of the Book The book is an interpretive analysis work, and it starts by giving a brief narrative concerning the Pueblo Revolt whereby the author explores the causes of the uprising. According to Knaut, the revolt was compounded by a pattern of Spanish brutality towards the natives, Pueblo’s refusal to abandon their cultural practices and be assimilated in a new foreign one, and the weakened Spanish authority before the 1680s. The book is written to fill historical gaps concerning the revolt. The Book’s Thesis The basic underlying thesis of this book is that the 1680 Pueblo revolt and the ultimate win against the Spanish domination in New Mexico have not received the appropriate recognition in New World history. Therefore, the author sought to address this issue and introduce a different angle of understanding concerning the revolt and the role of Pueblos. The majority of the available historical accounts paint the revolt as a conflict between two monolithic bodies – Europeans and Indians. However, the author disagrees with this approach to the revolt. Therefore, Knaut seeks to “tell the story… to breathe new historical life into the experiences of its central actors – the Pueblo Indians.” 1 The author also seeks to reinterpret the available information concerning this era and highlight enhanced attention to the historical and academic discourse of Borderlands history. Thesis Outline and Defense Knaut first outlines the book’s thesis by discussing historical misconceptions and fallacies concerning the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 as presented in the majority of the available primary and secondary academic and historical materials. The book’s research problem is the intentional failure to recognize the role of Pueblos in the precipitation of the revolt and the ultimate triumph over the Spaniards in New Mexico. The author argues that by “emphasizing the conflict simply as one between two monolithic bodies – Indians versus European, these interpretations overlook the complexities of the dynamic at work in the decades leading to the revolt.” 2 The author uses these arguments to highlight the historical misconceptions on this topic before defending his thesis. Knaut does not blame historians and anthropologis
In the current competitive market customers are not only concerned with the quality and value of goods and services provided but also the manner in which they are treated. Customer service which is established from high standards of hospitality is more than providing quality products to the customers on time. A factor such as responding to customer’s complaints is important in developing trust and retaining clients in the long run. Excellent services to the customers must be upheld as a core element in a company’s operations (Goonan, 2009). There are steps that should be followed in ensuring that excellent customer service is provided. These steps include; making the objective of excellent customer service provision a crucial commitment to everyone in the company. This is done through creating a written policy and posting it in a conspicuous position. State clearly what the customer service actions entails for example; quick delivery of services, provision of reliable products’ information and polite character when serving the customers. Also setting a benchmark for customer service provision and rewarding those employees that meet them is important (International Society for Performance Improvement, 2003). The other strategy to maintaining an excellent customer service is to create an environment that facilitates communication with the customers. This will enable the company to know what exactly is wanted by the customers. This can be done by requesting feedback on quality of products and shopping experience from the customers. Thanking the customers for shopping and communicating should also be practiced. The staff that is in contact with the customers should be enlightened on the importance of being polite and listening to customers under all circumstances. The staff should also be taught on how to reduce stress and resolve conflict. Training staff on good language to customers that will show them their needs will be met is also vital. Staff are required to accept responsibility and be willing to apologize to customers when need be. Arguments with the customer should be avoided as much as possible. The company should also be keen in ensuring that they have kept their word regarding delivery of products. The exact products should be delivered on the right time as agreed with the customer. The company should also treat their employees well who in turn will treat the customers well (Walker, 2009).
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to the investment made by an investor from a different country in relation to the country where the individual makes their investment. It involves establishing a company in the foreign country, buying shares and assets of an existing company in the investee economy or making a joint venture with the existing company. FDI seeks to have a large influence and control in the operation of the country since it plays an important role in the world economies and brings immense benefits to the economy of the host country, especially in terms of finances. There are varying views on FDI depending on the political ideologies of the particular country as listed below: Radical View This view was influenced by Marxist political and economic theory. It believes that a multinational enterprise is an imperialist dominion tool which takes advantage of the host country. It uses its resources and takes all the profits and benefits back to their home country. They employ their own nationals in key positions and in the process leaving nothing to the citizens of the host country. They also control the technology thus adding no value to the country. Free Market View This view is traced from Adam Smith and David Ricardo’s economics and trade theories believes that countries must concentrate in producing goods and services they can produce effectively. Pragmatic Nationalism Here, FDI is seen to have costs and benefits. The host country gets the finances in terms of capital while th
The role of marketing managers in modern organizations is continuously discussed by professional researchers, business administrators, and journalists. They may be regarded as heroic leaders who shape the strategies of their companies and ensure their successful performance. Yet, they may also be viewed people who attribute the company’s successes only to their own actions while overlooking the efforts of other people. This paper is aimed at assessing the roles of these people in from various perspectives. First, it should be noted that scholars may distinguish two types of managers, successful and effective (Luthans, 130). According to Luthans, those people, who stress effectiveness, are good at HR management and communicating (130). These managers emphasize employees’ skills, performance, and their professional growth (Luthans, 130). Thus, one can say that marketing manages perform such functions as planning, monitoring, decision-making, and motivating. These people help other employees develop products or improve services. Moreover, they coordinate the work of other departments which are responsible for the promotion of products and establishing relations with customers. Yet, it should be kept in mind that there are also successful managers who attach more importance on socializing with subordinates and try to overcome formal barriers (Luthans, 130). Thus, marketing managers should be able to go beyond their formal duties. However, very people are able to balance personal and professional relations in the workplace. To better understand the activities of marketing managers, one can refer to the study done by Philip Zimbardo. He and his colleagues demonstrated that people were very likely to accept their institutional roles even if such roles contradicted their personal principles (Zimbardo et al, 9). Similarly, marketing managers attach importance to their formal duties such as planning or coordinating. These managers want to maintain traditional workplace hierarchy. However, not all of them are able to be more personal and engage his or her subordinates. Again, as it has been said by Luthans, this is a skill of very successful managers (130). One cannot assume that every marketing manager can act in such a way. Finally, the debate about the role of marketing managers stems from a common stereotype about managers created by mass-media. The thing is that corporate executives were often portrayed as heroic figures who could dramatically transform their companies (Mintzberg, Simons and Ba
Figure 1. Flight into Egypt by Jacopo Bassano. Source: Telodo Museum of Art. The Flight into Egypt is an oil painting on canvas depicting the journey of Joseph and Mary to Egypt. A natural piece of work was done by one of the Italian artists known as Jacopo Bassano in the 16th century. Bassano took the opportunity to portray the true image of the whole journey of the family in a piece of art. The painting clearly shows a vivid description of what may happen on the fateful day. Therefore, the artist uses the imaginary panoramic view to paint the landscape of the area (Feigenbaum, 2020). Bassano perfectly articulates the theories and concepts of art to prove to the world his expertise in the drawing. In simple terms, Bassano uses his skills to construct reality out of imagination. Therefore, this essay aims to explore the nature of the piece of art and how it relates to the Berger’s theory. The Theory and Concepts of Berger Every artist always has a special meaning for different pieces of art they create. These masterpieces of paintings vary in terms of symbols, state, and meaning. The main role for artists is to create a painting as the perfect mirror to show the issues affecting society. John Berger’s essay “ Ways of Seeing ” is regarded as one of the most influential works in his lifetime (Berger, 2012). Through this piece of art, the renowned scholar provides some of the essential theories and concepts critical in painting. He uses sufficient language to define the works and creates some of the most vital insights regarding this painting. He provides a clear relationship existing between the subject of oil painting and the social status (Van der Merwe et al., 2019). Therefore, he takes the opportunity to show the power of using paints to create unique images. The Flight into Egypt in the Lens of Berger’s Concepts and Theories The introduction of the John Berger’s most adorable book Ways of Seeing has offered an invitation on how to perceive Bassano’s pieces of art differently. The renowned artist who died at the age of 90 has had a profound influence on most pieces of art (Berger, 2008). His style of blending the art theories and attention to small gestures proved that he was a perfect writer. Through his witty visual techniques, he succeeded to raise a number of questions about images ranging from the European
The task environment involves external stakeholders that influence the firm’s ability to attain its business goals. Consumers, investors, suppliers, competitors, and other actors may be considered as the task environment. As Steigenberger, Lübcke, Fiala, and Riebschläger (2017) note, task environment plays an important role in shaping the decision-making process in a company. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the effects that can be produced on this area of business by societal environment. The societal environment has a great impact on the organizations’ task environment. One of the aspects of societal environment’s impact that have received much attention from scholars lately is its connection to sustainability issues. Valentinov, Hielscher, and Pies (2015) emphasize the activity of societal environment in healthcare, social services, professional representation, environmental protection, culture, and other facets of organizations’ functioning Manos and Drori (2016) also note that the companies’ decisions regarding the reduction of carbon footprint or the enhancement of employment conditions are governed by societal environment. The results of such activities can cause alterations in the task environment. An example of the dependence of task environment on societal environment is when a company decides to reduce its carbon footprint. As a result of such a decision, suppliers may suffer since the firm may choose to stop the cooperation with those providers that are located far away and, as a result, emit much carbon dioxide while transporting the goods. Another example may be when the organization launches a health or an educational project. In this case, competitors will suffer since they will lose the competitive advantage. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that societal environment has a major effect on task environment. Many aspects of the corporation’s activity and its cooperation with stakeholders depend on societal environment.