ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Postsecondary Education requirements for Police Officers Law enforcement is one of the most demanding professions in the United States. Over the years, numerous changes have been made in a bid to improve the efficiency of police officers in maintaining law and order. One of the key changes that have been witnessed in the American police force is the educational requirements that police hiring services have for potential candidates. Studies have shown that higher education plays a crucial role in increasing the retention rate within the police force (Rodgers & Frevel, 2018). As early as 1994, all new recruits into the American police service were required to have a bachelor’s degree. Since the turn of the century, more changes have been made within the police service that require officers seeking promotions to have a degree regardless of the policing experience that one has. Studies have shown that higher education has a positive impact on the behavior of police officers and their decision-making (Rodgers & Frevel, 2018). According to police hiring services, higher education is one of the elements that have influenced professional policing in the United States. Research has established that police officers with a college degree tend to have better output and opportunities for career advancement compared to those without any form of postsecondary education (Rodgers & Frevel, 2018). One of the main reasons why potential candidates for joining the American police academy ought to have at least a college degree is the need to promote police ethics. According to research, police officers with the college education have the ability to think critically, thus are less likely to choose using force as a way of gaining compliance from citizens (Rodgers & Frevel, 2018). College education equips one with problem solving skills, which allow police officers to determine situations that require the use of force and those that should be resolved using dialogue or any other strategy. Apart from building innovative and progressive law enforcement agencies, police officers with university degrees help to increase the level of professionalism, as well as strengthening community relations (Rodgers & Frevel, 2018). Comparison of the Fundamental Differences between Arrests, Searches, and Seizures Conducted With and Without Warrants One of the main duties of police officers in the United States is making arrests, searches, and seizures (Beckham, 2017). Arrests involve officers taking someone into custody. This is often done through a bench warrant or an arrest warrant. A bench warrant refers to an order issued by a judge’s bench ordering for the arrest of a defendant who fails to appear in court for a scheduled hearing. On the other hand, an arrest warrant refers to an order for arrest given when there is enough evidence that a crime was committed. However, arrests can also be made without any warrant. This happens in situations such as when an officer witnesses a crime being committed, a violation of
Revolutions often arise from growing discontent with poverty, inequality, and other similar phenomena. A revolution is a complex process that unexpectedly emerges from a social system that is declining in many areas at once. People maintain the same beliefs to fight those who disagree with them. In general, revolutions seem to be instruments of change and transformation achieved after the struggle against oppression. The main reasons for the emergence of revolutions are the lack of financial resources in households, authoritarian regimes, geographical location, and an absence of freedom when it comes to human rights. A striking example is a recent revolution in Kyrgyzstan when the people revolted because they were dissatisfied with the results of the elections. This country will be compared with its neighbors, while the other country with revolution to compare with neighbors will be Myanmar. The hypothesis tested through data collection is: “Neighboring with nondemocratic countries and low income, freedom, and democracy inside the country leads to revolutions”. Dependent variable: Number of revolutions in the last 10 years. Independent variable: Neighbor countries (geographical location). The method used to research the hypothesis is the most similar system design for the examples to prove or disprove it. GDP per capita, political regimes, and human rights (based on the Freedom House rating) are used to describe the current situation in the considered country and its neighbors.             GDP per capita  Political Regime         Human Rights (0-100)  Number of revolutions in the last 10 years Kyrgystan   1,173           Unofficially Autocratic  38                    1                                          Kazakhstan  9,055           Unofficially Autocratic  23                    0                                          Uzbekistan  1,685           Unofficially Autocratic  11                    0                                          China       10,500          Autocratic               9                     0                                          Tajikistan  859             Unofficially Autocratic  8                     1                                                      GDP per capita  Political Regime  Human Rights (0-100)  Number of revolutions in the last 10 years Myanmar     1,400           Autocratic        28
“The Last Emperor” is a Chinese 1987 epic film, directed by Bertolucci Bernardo. The film is based on the life of Emperor Pu Yi, who was the last individual to reign as Emperor in China. It derives most of its narrative from Pu Yi’s autobiography titled “From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi”. In this book, the former emperor documents his journey from being an Emperor to an ordinary Chinese citizen. The movie depicts events that took place over a period of 60 years. During this time, China underwent radical transformation due to the significant social-political events that occurred over the time span. The film begins in 1950 in a Chinese Prison, where Pu Yi has been taken as a political prisoner. After a failed attempt to end his life, the Emperor begins to have flashbacks of his earlier years. His first memories are of how he became the Emperor after being named successor to Empress Dowager Ciwi who was dying. This was in the year 1908 and Pu Yi was only 2 years old. Following this declaration, the young Pu Yi moved to the Forbidden City, which was the official home of the emperor. The film shows Pu Yi’s early life where many eunuchs and private tutors served him. It then illustrates how Pu Yi was forced to give up power after the Chinese Revolution of 1911. After this, he continued to serve as a figurehead and was allowed to maintain his luxurious lifestyle in the Forbidden City. However, a warlord banished the Emperor from the Forbidden City in 1924 forcing him to live in exile. After 6 years in exile, Pu Yi moved to Manchuria, which was his native land. While in this region, the Japanese occupational forces reinstated him as a puppet head. His reign ended when Russian forces captured him at the end of the Second World War. The Russians kept him under arrest up to 1950 when he is returned to communist China. Here Pu Yi underwent reeducation under Mao’s reign. At the end of the reeducation efforts, he took up the occupation of a gardener and lived a humble life. While living the life of a simple gardener, Pu Yi was able to visit the Forbidden City as a tourist and he looked at the Dragon Throne, where he once reigned from, with mixed emotions. The film has a number of major characters: Emperor Pu Yi, who is the film’s central figure; Emperor’s wife, Wanrong Gobulo, who comes from a royal background and stays with Pu Yi until the end of World War II; Scottish Reginald Fleming, who served as the tutor to the young emperor
Introduction Nursing as a complex field of healthcare includes both various specialties and different specialist training programs. The qualification of junior medical employees largely depends on the type of education received, and career advancement is usually accompanied by obtaining additional certificates and diplomas. When assessing the most common degrees, one can distinguish such as a bachelor’s and master of nursing. The representatives of both educational levels have the right to participate in the provision of care services, but in general, their practices vary. This work aims to describe the differences between the activities of nurses with a master’s and bachelor’s degree. The practice of Baccalaureate-Prepared Nurses A Bachelor of Nursing is a junior academic degree awarded to graduates in higher education. According to Chamberlain University (2015), specialists with this title have enough knowledge and skills to provide comprehensive care at the individual, family, aggregate, and community levels. In addition, graduates with this degree are allowed to participate in research work and continue their studies. However, bachelors of nursing cannot rely on leadership positions and access to clinical administration or policymaking. A bachelor’s certificate with honors opens up additional opportunities for its holder, for instance, admission to senior master’s courses. At the same time, any certified bachelors of nursing can obtain a further step, master’s, which provides more possibilities and privileges. The practice of Master’s-Prepared Nurses A master’s degree is more prestigious than that of a bachelor’s and creates more opportunities for nursing practice. Massimi et al. (2017) argue that professionals with this qualification have sufficient knowledge and skills to do additional work besides care services. In the Chamberlain University nursing conceptual framework, a list of possible activities is given – administration, participation in the compilation and promotion of educational courses, the development of innovations in informatics, as well as advanced clinical practice (Chamberlain University, 2015). Obtaining this degree is a step towards a doctorate. A wider range of opportunities is one of the main features that distinguish the two levels of education considered. Basic Differences When comparing two educational nursing degrees, one can observe key differences in opportunities and powers. Firstly, the area of ​​administration and leadership is the prerogative of a
Summary of the article The article named “Building up a Performance Indicator System of International Projects, Based on the Balanced Scorecard” is based on international projects. It describes a tool that could be used to evaluate the performance of international projects in a more scientific approach to achieve accurate ratings in a comprehensive way. The tool is a balanced score card (BSC). The balanced score card considers all the valuation models of a project ranging from finance requirements, cash flows, customer satisfaction, technological level, employee standards, competitiveness, alignment with goals and objectives, main and motivating reasons, secondary indicators and many others. The tool is easy to understand since it has progressive layers of different segments and indicators of project performance (Bowers, 2005). The article considers a market of engineering projects. The main factors considered by the tool are the company strategy and whether it contributes towards achievement of set goals and objectives, the company customers and whether they are provided with satisfactory goods, services & communication and the idea of balance. Balance is all about the combination of all the indicators and contributing factors in optimal proportions for an equitable growth and performance of a project. It considers management performance, finance limitations and strategies, the future aspects of the project, the quality standards of the project, the potential payout from the project and all other conflicting interests that need to be balanced using management principles (Norton, 1992). The article further probes on the four most important indicators of international engineering projects namely: finance, customers, inner-business process and study & growth. Finance as an indicator, reflects the financial position of a company at a particular time, the asset liability ratios, the internal rates of return, the profitability rations, revenue growth rates, cash flows and many other factors that determine the capital structure of the project. The customers as indicators deal with the market share, the demand versus supply, customer satisfaction and the perspective of the whole public and the governments. The inner business process reflects the production, distribution, marketing, organizational and remuneration plans. The study and growth indicator deals with the technology and future aspects of the project (Hui, 2010). Key Learning Points from the Article According to the Balanced Scorecard Institute, 2010, the balanced scorecard helps align a company’s strategic goals with the strategic planning of business activities. It combines both financial and non-financial performance of the company in the local industry and in the international scene. The balanced scorecard is a very effective tool for evaluation of a project’s performance since it considers all the basic indicators that spearhead the performance of it in the international scene. These are factors that are common in every product. However, the comparison of pe
Drug and Alcohol Problems: Investigations Alcohol and drug problems affect the lives of many people in different communities. These problems tend to disorient the outcomes of family members and drug abusers. In the recent past, new ideas have emerged in an attempt to support the needs of many addicts while at the same time taking care of different family members (Choate, 2015). The biggest question facing many human services and social work professionals is how to deal with the issues surrounding various alcohol and drug problems. If it is known for sure that alcohol and drug problems in families are associated with child maltreatment, the biggest concern occurs when planning to have an investigation. Choate (2015) argues that the occurrence of abuses in a given family can compel individuals to seek drug counseling. However, it would be inappropriate to have an investigation after a specific drug addict looking for counseling services. This is the case because many people seeking any form of counseling might not have been engaged in domestic violence. The best time to launch such investigations is when a family member is arrested after committing a drug related crime or offense. This is the case because such an individual might have a history of violence. Chances of having abused or maltreated his or her children in the family might be high. The approach can be used to deal with child maltreatment and support the needs of different family members (Williams & Taleff, 2015). When this is done, more people or drug abusers will be discouraged from committing a similar crime. Williams and Taleff (2015) indicate that any form of investigation started after an individual seeks drug counseling can affect the recovery or rehabilitation process. Similarly, more people in the society will be discouraged from seeking similar healthcare services. This would also be the same case when a drug addict is admitted into a rehabilitation facility. This discussion leaves only one option that can be considered to address the problem of child maltreatment. The families of individuals who have committed a drug related offense should be investigated in order to ensure the practice is acceptable and capable of supporting the needs of more societies. Ethical Implications Human services professionals should be aware of specific ethical requirements that define their practices. Any move aimed at investigating individuals who seek drug counseling can disorient the entire process. This is the case because more people might stop seeking such services in the future. The link between child maltreatment and drug counseling should be termed as a fallacy. It would be necessary for social workers to implement powerful campaigns to promote reporting and surveillance (Choate, 2015). Such measures can encourage more family members to rep
The world changes daily, and the contribution of one person to this process can be enormous. It is almost impossible to remain neutral in terms of globalization, experiencing various events throughout the day. Several trends should develop and transform the human’s way of living. Firstly, concerning environmental issues, as people become aware of their impact on the environment, there should be a shift towards more conscious consumption. Secondly, manufacturers must make better use of the planet’s resources. Discussing tolerance and health issues, society must become more open to people with disabilities. Besides, health care prices must be affordable to consumers. The international humanitarian organization Médecins Sans Frontières is actively fighting the high cost of vaccines, emphasizing the importance of addressing drug availability in the long term (Waheed et al., 2016). The erasure of binarity must also occur, as the understanding of gender identity expands. Furthermore, in the hectic pace of life, people should focus on their mental health. Minding Myself is a powerful long-term trend that brings mental wellbeing to the fore in consumer preference. Concerning the question of information technologies, there should be an improvement in personal data protection. Marketers must work to raise industry standards and provide users with tools to help them manage their digital space. Furthermore, society is accustomed to the fact that social media is a large open platform for disputes. Social networks should develop towards small communities within the media for a narrow circle of friends and focus on real communication. About the topic of the market, brands and companies should increase social responsibility. Moreover, businesses must be honest with consumers. For example, the American online store Everlane, which specializes in the sale of clothing, builds its action on the principles of maximum transparency in relations with suppliers and customers (Babicheva, 2019). Personalized customer experience must be developed. It may be potentially pursued for a semester project as the buyer is becoming more demanding. These days, the brand’s task is to play a role in other people’s lives and personally interact with them. According to globalization and the era of the Internet, online and offline are no longer different from each other, and this issue can be discussed from different points of view.
Introduction The questions as to whether community policing complement or compete with traditional policing has been posed within security organs since the inception of community policing initiatives. The fundamental reasons behind this concern are not particularly hard to point out. Efforts in protection of life and property from internal and external threats demands more than entrenchment of overlapping principles among the various policing initiatives and approaches. In fact, the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks have generated intense desire to develop and enforce proactive policing approaches. Community policing and Traditional Policing Despite having come under intense criticisms concerning its principles, mechanisms, and value, a number of indicators as provided in literatures seem point out that community policing complement traditional policing. According to Friedmann (1992), “the principles of community policing have traditionally emphasized the dimensions of proactive policing, problem-solving, and community partnerships and cooperation.” However, the underlying fact is that both community policing and traditional policing share fundamental elements in efforts to deter and prevent crime. This is because they have overlapping concepts. Each of the crime deterrence and preventive approaches emphasizes the critical role of information gathering. According to Friedmann (1992), “traditional security policies purport increased and enhanced intelligence gathering and analytical capabilities and community policing encourages the identification and analysis of information pertaining to future delinquent behavior.” In adopting information and intelligence gathering in crime prevention, each adopts proactive approach in crime prevention and management. This means that each values the important ingredient of information gathering as a key construct in creating safe communities. Furthermore, both community and traditional policing take cognizance of the value of cooperation and information sharing. Whitaker (1980) asserts, “in direct connection with information gathering, each strategy believes effective collaboration will enhance terrorism or crime-related intelligence collection, while also generating improvements within the community itself.” The attainment of high levels of accuracy in data makes use of flexibility, social capital, trust, and numerous lines of information. In fact, the success of security agencies’ capacity to deter and prevent crime revolves around the close relations and overlapping concepts between community and traditional policing. The next reason behind the fact that community policing complements traditional policing is that both recognize the need to develop well-structured relationships. “Both policing approaches take keen interests in cooperation that are compatible with standard police practices” (Flynt, & Olin, 2003). Despite the fact that community policing seems to depart f