ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Los pichiciegos or Malvinas requiem: Visions of an underground war in the English translation is the 1983 novel by an outstanding Argentinean sociologist Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill depicting the events of the Falklands war through collecting the testimonies of the twenty-four Argentinean deserters. Criticizing the war and the Latin American dictatorship in general, Fogwill makes near prophetic predictions in his work by using the animal metaphors and imagery for not only affecting the readers’ perception of the text, but also improving the inner working of the novel Los pichiciegos. The historical and political background The plot of the novel depicts the events of the Falklands War through the eyes of 24 Argentine deserters. The Falklands War, as the result of the dispute concerning the sovereignty of Falkland Islands also known as Amlninas and South Georgia between Argentina and the United Kingdom lasted for 74 days, but received a broad resonance in literature and culture of Argentina. The plot of the novel should be viewed in the historical and political context of the 1980s. On the one hand, historians recognize the Falkland war as a fiasco for Argentina which threatened its military rule and predetermined the transition to democracy in the country. On the other hand, the Argentina government attempted to hide the real consequences and events of the conflict providing public with falsified reports. The truth of the conflict was cleared out only after the first soldiers returned from the battlefront. In that regard, Fogwill’s approach to the presentation of the plot of the novel in the form of the collection of the testimonials of the real participants of the events is meaningful. The author claimed for unveiling the hidden truth in his work by providing the first-hand evidence to his readers. Apart from expressing the views contradicting the generally accepted doctrine, Fogwill’s choice of the deserters’ perspective for narrating his story emphasizes the author’s anti-war views, which were put into the basis of the novel. Most citizens perceived the situation through the lens of political lies and did not know the truth before the first wounded soldiers returned to the mainland. It explains the enormous popularity of Fogwill’s novel, which was written in the middle of the war. Certainly, due to its harsh criticism and the unveiled truth, the work could not be published during the period of military dictatorship. However, its manuscript circulated in Brazil soon after the novel was completed. 1 However, it was not until the year 1984 that the text was officially published. The allegorical meaning of the title The discussion of the role of metaphors and imagery in the novel should start from the analysis of its titles conveying the author’s intention to c
Introduction Security concerns are paramount in most business dealings. In any transaction, dealers are often concerned about the ability of customers to pay. However, there are times when the customer may be unable to meet his or her part of the deal as agreed. This has given rise to a number of state laws on secured transactions to ensure that both the dealer and the customer are protected. Without strict regulations to be followed, it is highly likely that one party can easily be mistreated by the other. This presentation highlights key issues that relate to security and bankruptcy. Bankruptcy Law According to Miller, bankruptcy law in the United States has two goals (372). One is to protect a debtor by giving him or her a new beginning, free from creditors claims, and the other is to provide a fair means of distributing a debtor’s assets to creditors. Bankruptcy law is federal law, but state laws on secured transactions, liens, judgments, and exemptions also play a critical role if federal bankruptcy proceedings. Bankruptcy law, called the Bankruptcy Code prior to 2005, was based on the Bankruptcy Reforms Act of 1978. In 2005, Congress enacted bankruptcy reform legislation that significantly overhauled certain provisions of the Bankruptcy Code for the first time in twenty five years (Miller 373). One of the major goals of this legislation was to require more consumers to pay as many as of their debts as they possibly could, instead of having those debts fully extinguished in bankruptcy. Bankruptcy Courts Bankruptcy proceedings are held in federal bankruptcy courts, which are under the authority of US district courts, an rulings by bankruptcy courts can be appealed to the district courts. A bankruptcy court holds proceedings that are required to administer the estate of the debtor in bankruptcy. A bankruptcy court can conduct a jury trial if the appropriate district court has authorized it and if the parties to the bankruptcy consent to a jury trial. Types of Bankruptcy The Bankruptcy Code sets forth the most important types of relief that debtors can seek. It is important to note that a debtor does not need to be insolvent in order to file for bankruptcy relief under the Code. Anyone obligated to a creditor can declare bankruptcy. A straight bankruptcy can be commenced by the filing of either a voluntary or an involuntary petition in bankruptcy, the document that is filed with a bankruptcy court to initiate bankruptcy proceedings. If a debtor files the petition, the bankruptcy is voluntary. However, if one or more of creditors file a petition to force the debtor into bankruptcy, the bankruptcy is involuntary. Voluntary Bankruptcy To bring a voluntary petition in bankruptcy, the debtor files official forms designated for that purpose in the bankruptcy court. Current bankruptcy law specifies that before debtors can file a petition, the must receive credit counselin
E-health systems are emerging as an approach in many developed countries, such as the United States. They enable improved patient information processing with reduced error rates while also sharing and communicating knowledge between different specialists effectively. However, globally, the adoption of the software has been slow, and many countries have not yet begun the transition process, instead relying on traditional systems. There is a number of obstacles to the change, such as the costs of doing so and a lack of awareness about the advantages of e-health systems. However, these nations would still benefit from the improvement offered by the system in the long term through changes such as a reduction in the necessary paperwork and the upgrades listed above. As such, solutions for overcoming these challenges should be considered and possibly implemented on a global scale. To overcome the barriers to the implementation of e-health, it is first necessary to understand what they are. Mauco et al. (2019) find four essential issues that need to be considered: governance, stakeholder issues, resources, and access. In many nations, healthcare is a public service controlled by the government, which would also make the decision regarding the e-health transition. As a stakeholder, a government is unlikely to agree to pay for a shift with benefits it does not understand, and many medical workers do not acknowledge the advantages, either. The money issue is particularly pertinent for developing and poor nations, as they can not necessarily spare the investment required for a nationwide transition. Lastly, the final barrier to care is access to electricity and the Internet, both of which are necessary for e-health but are lacking in rural communities. Governance and stakeholder problems need to be resolved through widespread advocacy on all levels, aiming to explain the benefits of e-health. By raising the issue on the government level while convincing individual medical workers, it may be possible to create a sufficient movement for the adoption of e-health to drive the government to take action. The resource issue can be partially addressed through the aid of international organizations such as the UN. Additionally, further development in e-health software that makes it more affordable and accessible would be highly beneficial. With regard to access, Miah et al. (2017) propose a cloud-based solution that specifically targets rural and remote communities. It offers on-demand consultancy to local specialists that helps them develop treatments for residents’ various conditions without needing to travel. As a result, once the framework is sufficiently developed, non-specialized workers will be able to provide care for their communities using e-health advances. E-health adoption in developing nations is struggling because of the constraints on resources and awareness as well as an overall inability to implement it in many locations. Economic development, or lack thereof, is frequently at the center of the issue, and it is a problem that cannot be addresse
Obesity: Definition Obesity is a serious condition that occurs when you accumulate excessive fat in the body. Statistics and Facts   * The number of persons with obesity has doubled since the year 1980.   * In 2010, over 34 percent of adults in the world were reported to be overweight. Around 11 percent were suffering from obesity (Scherer & Hill, 2016).   * Obesity is a leading cause of death in both the developed and developing nations.   * Over 2.7 million people aged between 18 and 55 die annually due to conditions or illnesses associated with obesity (Scherer & Hill, 2016).   * Diabetes, cancer, stroke, and hypertension can be caused by obesity (Scherer & Hill, 2016).   * Body mass index (BMI) is used to monitor the development of obesity.   * Obesity affects over 40 million children below the age of eight globally (Scherer & Hill, 2016).   * The condition is preventable. Potential Causes These factors catalyze the development of obesity in adults:   * Physical inactivity   * Overeating   * Genetic makeup: This is the case because an individual whose parents were obese have increased chances of developing the illness   * Diseases such as insulin resistance and Crushing’s syndrome   * Psychological factors such as anger, boredom, and stress. Health Problems and Challenges Obesity will trigger numerous health problems. The common ones include:   * Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)   * Gallbladder disease   * Stroke   * Premature death   * Sleep apnea   * The inability to achieve one’s potential   * Cardiovascular disease   * Hypertension   * Mental illnesses such as anxiety, stress, and depression Obesity Prevention and Management Obesity has become a major epidemic that affects many people (Taylor, 2018). You should embrace the power of an integrated model in order to deal with it. Such a strategy can be characterized by these practices:   * Engage in exercises   * Embrace healthy habits (such as balanced diets)   * You should be eating vegetables, whole grains, and nuts   * Avoid sugary and fatty foods   * Consume oil-based fats   * Monitor your BMI regularly (should be below 25)   * Governments should implement powerful programs to educate people about the dangers of obesity   * Monitor conditions such as stroke, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease regularly Useful Resources The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA): This is an association of clinicians. The agency offers meaningful insights and ideas that can guide you to prevent and manage this condition. The web-link to the resource is “ https://obesitymedicine.org ”. The American Obesity Association (AOA): This agency acknowledges that obesity should be identified as a serious disease. This resource educates more people about the challenges of obesity and the best preventative measures. You will find the association meaningful and informative. The web-link to this source is “ https://obesity.procon.org/ ”.
With the rise in awareness regarding the significance of cultural diversity, a range of modern organizations seems to have embraced the idea of creating multi-generational workplaces. Although the alterations in the workplace dynamics that the described change entails are admittedly positive, the conflicts between members of various institutions belonging to different generations will be inevitable (Collins & Halverson, 2018). In order to address the issue of the generation gap in the workplace of any institution, one needs to explore the subject matter as a product of sociocultural misconceptions and study it through the lens of history and humanities. To analyze the problem in question, one will need a profound analysis based on different perspectives. The principle of the four lenses as the foundation for a profound evaluation of the problem of the generation gap suggests considering the issue through the lens of social sciences first. Studying the factors that contribute to the problem of confrontations in multi-generational environments, one should mention historical, specifically, sociocultural and socioeconomic ones as the key issues that pressure groups of people operating in different institutions into workplace confrontations. Viewing the issue from the perspective of the Conflict Theory, one will need to view the representatives of different generations as members of different classes, each being driven by a unique set of philosophies and values (Kendall, 2016). The described approach allows viewing the nature of the confrontations occurring between members of institutions belonging to different generations as a result of the differences in the social classes to which they belong. Another viewpoint that the application of the lens analysis invites implies scrutinizing the issue of the generation gap in the workplace from the lens of the humanities. For this purpose, the reconsideration of the sociocultural factors that define the generation gap and the resulting confrontations in the workplace setting will need to be reviewed. Applying the sociocultural standpoint, one will envision the problem of the generation gap as the direct outcome of the differences in the target group’s cultural perception of the world (Stafford, 2018). Based on the proposed viewpoint, one may concede that the generation gap occurs as a result of differences in values and goals of stakeholders within various institutions (Stafford, 2018). Being unable to come to a conclusion when
The Concept of Circular Economy The extensive growth of the population and the high speed of the urbanisation give rise to numerous concerns regarding the further development of cities and the quality of peoples lives. The fact is that these tendencies precondition the growing number of demands which should be satisfied by the corresponding evolution of the economy. In such a way, the problem of waste acquires the top priority. Under these conditions, the shift to the circular economy (CE) becomes the only possible solution. CE presupposes the environmentally-friendly use of resources to attain reduction and elimination of waste by introducing specific loops in which products and services are traded. Regardless of the type, the model includes six crucial elements: Regenerate, Share, Optimize, Loop, Virtualize, and Exchange. These are essential stages in CE as their introduction guarantees a significant reduction of waste and enhanced efficiency of biological and technical materials recycling. The Problem of CEs Transition The last several decades, the problem of transition to the CE has been one of the most discussed issues within the EU. The growing demands of population and the high speed of industries development demand the introduction of new methods to manage waste and reduce energy consumption. Under these conditions, the transition to CE becomes an appropriate option to create the basis for the further development of societies. For instance, the Netherlands holding leading positions in the use of renewable sources and implementation of recycling technologies expects to complete the transition by 2050. To a much degree, it can be preconditioned by the use of Cirkelstads experience as it promotes the further development of the circular economy and its utilisation to improve existing disaster resilience and risk management frameworks. Research Problem Statement The research problem is stated as follows: currently there is a lack of understanding and experience on how CE initiatives can be developed using disaster risk management principles that help build resilient cities. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to to evaluate, grade, and categorise CE initiatives in selected European countries on the basis of a resilience framework to draw recommendations for Cirkelstad to make its CE initiatives more inclusive of disaster risk resilience. The significance of the problem is defined by the necessity to better understand the correlation between CE and prevention of natural disasters. Research Questions The primary research question reflects the overall purpose of the research: in what way can Cirkelstad increase the contribution of its CE initiatives to urban risk resilience? To answer this main question, a set of sub-research questions were developed. They include the following points:
Introduction Reality Television World covers a great row of independent reality shows which involve and describe typical situations of ordinary people. It is considered to be a kind of television genre disclosing different actual events, funny or dramatic situations without participation of professional actors. Reality television is one of the most widely spread genres of television aspects and it includes different kinds of TV formats without any strict limitations or prohibitions. It gives an opportunity to express a kind of programming freedom in order to show real situations of our life with its difficulties and puzzles. Television reality shows covers thousands of different life episodes with the usage of creative editing in order to make shows more emotional and bright. Reality shows can be devoted to different subjects but the main fact is that they should provide the participants of the shows with the freedom to play and react in the most real and typical way. It is important to stress that one should not confuse reality shows with all others types of TV programs in which the participants are to ignore the cameras and are asked to behave in a natural way. The main task of producers is to encourage their participants and in some cases private conversations are used which are typed and play the role of narration. Background Information Television reality shows have been developing for a long period of time and covered many periods of television progressing. But it is necessary to stress that the peak in the development of this television type was in 2000 when the majority types of shows were produced. In the period between 1960s-1970s TV shows were scripted with the involvement of professional actors who were to create and play the characters. People thought that reality shows were not thoroughly planned and actors were not normally trained though they were involved and played their roles according to the program. Producers could not meet the requirements of the public and create an interesting storyline. The first real TV show was created only in 1970 and was called An American Family. The author and creator of the show was Public Broadcasting System. This reality show disclosed the real life of different families which were about to face divorce. It had success while it showed some typical situations from the real life of people and highlighted life mistakes which should be avoided in ordinary families. (Pollick, 2006) The next period in the development of reality shows was in 1980 when the next show COPS was introduced to the public. This type of reality shows was aimed at presentation of policemen’s work to the audience through the hand-held cameras. This reality show was really recognized and generally accepted. It considered to be the impact in the sphere of reality television, because this show gave a start to the plenty of others and producti
There is no doubt that advertisement has become an integral part of our lives. People see ads on TV, on the Internet and in the streets. However, very few ones catch attention immediately and stay in people’s memory for more than a moment. With help of specific approach, advertisements can become more efficient and memorable. Considering the advertisements suggested, one can possibly suggest that the ad that meets all demands to become the most popular and effective one is My Favorite McDonalds Commercial . With help of original and specific details, the advertisement leaves unforgettable impressions. It is quite peculiar that, though the product appears on the screen almost all the time, it does not raise any irritation. Followed by a catchy tune, the advertisement puts emphasis on the product (a hamburger in this case), and on good feelings – or, rather, good spirits. Suitable for all ages and both genders, the ad points at the quality and the value of the burger. Being incentive and catchy, the advertisement creates an impression of a well-made piece and makes one whistle its tune for more than a month. A brief glance is enough to catch the key message: “Our brand is the symbol of happiness and good cheer!” Speaking of the worst advertisement of all, one would possibly mark the one called Flat Buns Carl Junior’s Commercial . There are reasonable causes for such judgement. First, the advertisement suggests the image of the product only once, namely in the very end of the entire show. Second, the advertisement focuses on sex appeal, which means that the video is designed for the people over twenty-one. Moreover, the context of the commercial predetermines that the latter could interest mostly men; that is, the company loses the female part of their audience. In addition, it seems that the advertisement emphasizes neither the quality, nor the value of the food, but only its shape – “flat buns” in this case. It is quite doubtful that the advertisement will make one buy the given product – the entire show is more likely an amusement than a call to action. Rating this commercial according to the suggested scheme, one would possibly choose the “ineffective” option. However, it must be admitted that the spectator is quite likely to remember this ad for at least a day – not due to its qualities, but because of the air of vulgarity about it. It is obvious that the primary message of this advertisement is something like “Eating our food, you will be able to become a good rapper and a tough guy” – the call that would suit only a teenager with particular preferences. Speaking of the advertisement that could be changed to tailor it to broade