ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The wars Arabs had to undergo throughout the previous centuries were dreadful and awful to even imagine. Although any people think that terrorism takes it roots from Islam, this can be disputed. Wars that Arab nation has to take part in are not their fault solely. It is not about the hot temper, like many people think, or not because of religious issues that Arabs adhere to. Unfortunately, people forget that there are political and economic premises that force authorities to take action despite people lives’ values. To be completely honest, it has to be mentioned that Iraq War, for example, broke out not because of 9/11 attack. Let’s face it: authorities and leaders of many countries would love to see the economics of their states merely perfect due to fascinating supply of natural resources. That is why people are getting nuts all over the world because of crude, mineral resources, and simply the territory. Moreover, aside from foreign invasions to Arab states there have been many more conflicts all over the word throughout the history that Arabic Conscious is talking about. Elaboration on The Arabic Conscience There has been a very sympathetic song written and sang by many Arab singers in commemoration of peace within the Arab nation. They sing that people forget that they are all Arabs and they are brothers, hence, fighting against each other and fighting in general is absurd. There are four parts of this song every single of each conveys the message that people’s hatred has to stop. Humans have to understand there is something beyond material issues. Money is not the only thing that rules the world. Furthermore, Koran is a wise book that elaborates on respect, love, and care rather than about taking revenge or fighting to deaths. Jimmy Carter’s Opinion Integration It has to be mentioned that Jimmy Carter, in his book Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid , claimed that ‘the peace process does not have a life of its own; it is not self-sustaining’ (p. 14). And yes, it is so, indeed. The peace is a work. This is a job of authorities and average citizens. Keeping a country in peace means showing nations they are not the enemies, also this means negotiating peace with other countries’ rulers, and the most important is to bring up kids in love for others, not in hatred. Jimmy Carter talks in his book about Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Apartheid that are likely to end up once the political problems and mutual-misunderstanding between countries vanish. The Arabic Conscience is the song that portrays the spiritual level of Arabs that arouses deep respect for the intentions they have – peace and forgiveness. The song offers to forget about fights and start a new life – the life when you are not afraid that your siblings, mom, or dad will be killed. It is inexplicably hard to realize that the young men of your nationality are being tortured just because of reli
The Purposes of the Strategic National Stockpile The purpose of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) is to ensure adequate supply of medication and medical equipment during public health emergencies (PHEs) on a local and state level. PHEs are events when the immediate supply of medicines and devices may be extremely short or not possible for a number of reasons. In this case, the Strategic National Stockpile serves as a short-term buffer that helps with public health emergencies (“About the Strategic National Stockpile,” 2020). Before the Covid-19 outbreak, the main focus of the SNS was local and regional emergencies such as natural and manmade disasters. However, the ongoing pandemic continues to expose the faults of the SNS system in place and shows its vulnerability in the face of a global threat. SNS 2.0, the next generation of the SNS, has set five priorities:  1. replenishing the SNS;  2. refining SNS strategy and structure;  3. establishing a distributor working model;  4. expanding the supply chain control tower; and  5. expanding domestic manufacturing. The Structure and Responsibilities of the Strategic National Stockpile At present, the Strategic National Stockpile hires more than 200 federal and contract employees (“About the Strategic National Stockpile,” 2020). The SNS comprises several branches of different specialities that together ensure that the needed medicines and devices are in stock and can be delivered to the right place at the right time (“About the Strategic National Stockpile,” 2020). The Information and Planning Branch is responsible for coordination of activities for stockpile and its partners. Information and Planning specialists train and support public health and emergency staff, check the stockpile’s preparedness, and manage crisis response activities in the event of an emergency. Those working in The Management and Business Operations Branch oversee budgeting, policy, legislation, and strategic planning. It is the Operational Logistics Branch that replenishes the SNS with antibiotics, medical supplies, equipment, antidotes, antitoxins, antivirals, vaccines, and other pharmaceuticals. The Science Branch reviews the medical assets and researches to identify the needs of populations and the adequate response. Lastly, the relationships between the SNS and its partners are built through the Strategic Logistics Branch. The scope of the SNS’s responsibilities includes medical countermeasures that are dispensed through points of dispensing (PODs). The Purpose of Points of Dispensing Medical countermeasures, abbreviated as MCMs, include vaccines, antiviral drugs, antibiotics, antitoxins, and chemical antidotes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). Their purpose is to prevent, mitigate, or provide a response to a public health emergency, be it one that occurs naturally or is manmade. MCMs get to the communities in need through PODs, points of dispen
Graham (2000) notes that, “consequentialism theory states that every behavior should be taken to maximize happiness” (p.143). Hurthouse (2000) adds that ,“consequentialism refers to moral theories that hold that the consequences of a particular action form the basis for any valid moral judgment about that action or create a structure for judgment”(p.5).In other words, as long as the end product is good, the action is also termed as good. Hurtson (2000) states that, “this theory operates under the principle of the end justifies the mean” (p.5). Graham (2004) also adds that, “a morally right action is one that produces a good outcome or consequence” (p.144). How Consequentialistic Theory may be used by Eastern Producers The Eastern textile industries manufacture many textile products.These textile products are then used domestically and others are exported. Wang & Zhang (2008) notes that, “the textile industries in the Eastern countries and specifically in China have raised a lot of disputes with the Western countries” (p.134). So as to justify its actions, China can make use of the consequentialism theory. To start with, the textile industry in China has promoted the local economy and the GDP to a large extent. Chow (2007) notes that, “textile industry in China is a traditional pillar industry and a livelihood industry as it is an important source of China’s foreign exchange earning and capital accumulation” (p.323). Wang & Zhang (2008) also note that, “China’s textile industry is believed to have set low prices for its products in major international markets, and thus improves the real income level of consumers who buy their commodities”(p.323). The textile industries in China have also created employment for a good number of people. Chow (2007) notes that, “China industry has employed more than twenty million people and is of great benefit to more than a thousand cotton farmers” (p.323). Brown et al. (2005) notes that, “the contribution of the textile industry to overall output and employment attracted considerable attention as many textile mills are state-owned enterprises with substantial workforces that directly contributes to the local economy” (p. 30). Brown et al. (2005) also notes that, “China acts as both a significant exporter and importer of wool textile products with trade flows servicing different segments of the market” (p. 31).Thus, we can
The credibility of sources is the basis of any accurate research. Basing one’s findings and conclusions on biased, unreliable, and unproven sources significantly reduces the accuracy and credibility of one’s own endeavor. The academic field typically makes use of peer-reviewed sources published in scientific journals, where they face the scrutiny of peers to ensure that no methodological inaccuracies, errors, or biases have made it through. Thus, I think that the first criterion for credibility is whether or not the source is peer-reviewed. The second criterion, for me, would be the date of publishing. In time-sensitive subjects like contemporary history and certain sciences, time is of the essence. Predictions and conclusions made 10 or 20 years ago may have been disproven by more recent findings. I think a researcher must use the most recent sources, whenever possible. A good threshold would be 5-6 years since the date of publishing. The third criterion would be the contents of the research itself. Although peer-reviewing and other precautions are in place to prevent bias and errors, one must evaluate how do the findings of one article correlate other results pertaining the research question. Therefore, individual validity based on the researcher’s perspective is important. Academic sources of good quality can be found in various databases. Although Google Scholar makes a good general search engine, it is better to browse individual databases that have articles sorted out and reviewed for validity. Some of the databases I know are JSTOR, PubMed, ERIC, and ProQuest, among others. Many fields of science have their own dedicated databases to help finding relevant materials easier. This is how I am planning to search for materials for the upcoming research project we are going to have.
In the society we are living today there have been several attempts to promote equality in most of the organizations. In these attempts several policies have been established to reduce discrimination especially when hiring women at the same time the minorities in the society. This has been done by promoting affirmative action programs, reverse discrimination, and comparable worth. These concepts to some extent have made a difference in the work places, and although the difference might seem to be small there are more possibilities of them yielding better results. There are however still individuals and organizations which are not for these concepts that have led to slower developments on the same. The following is the discussion of the appropriateness of these concepts as well as what needs to be done to eliminate discrimination in the work place (Graycar & Morgan 2002). To start with affirmative action, reverse discrimination, and the comparable worth are meant to provide benefits to the groups which have been discriminated for a long time in an attempt to promote the justice to all. Despite these efforts women still earn lower than men in the organizations while them that belong into a different race in a specific society or country still face difficulties when it come into employment terms (Bradley S. 2004). As a matter of fact some of the beneficiaries of these concepts are already the economically stable families of the minority who are privileged. At the same time the concepts have led to creating a blinded society where there has been employment of less qualified just to adhere to the laws or at the same time please the society. The employment should be based on merit but not on any race or the so called gender. Whereas this has led to the reduced discrimination to the women and the minorities it has in turn led to discrimination of the majorities thus solving problem while creating another one (Kingsley, B. 2002). In areas where
Aligning Summative and Formative Assessments at Maine West Students need to be placed in the environment that contributes to their further progress. Therefore, the design of formative and summative assessments must be flexible enough to align with the district standards and at the same time invite opportunities for learners from different backgrounds. Therefore, it is crucial to align the standards used at school with the assessments carried out to test the students’ knowledge. Standards Used at School and the Sources Thereof: An Overview At present, The Common Core language Art Standards (grade 9-10) are used in the school. These include Reading (9-10.RL.1-4 and 9-10.RL.6-9), Writing (9-10.W.1-9-10.W4, 9-10.W.7-9-10.W.8), Speaking (9-10.SL.-2-9-10.SL.5), Language (9-10.L.3 and 9-10.L.5), Reading Science and Technical (9-10.RST.1-9-10.RST.10), and Writing History (9-10.WHST.1-9-10.WHST10) standards. The existing standards tend to focus on promoting critical thinking among students. For example, the Reading section mentions the analysis of the writer’s intent (RL.1-4) and culture-related experiences (RL.6-9, RL.11-13). Similarly, the Writing standards embrace the assessment of the students’ ability to engage in a meaningful discussion and provide support for the claims that they make (901-.W.1-9-10.W.4). The Reading Science and Technical standards of assessment also allow shedding light on the learners’ ability to deploy analytical skills since the capability of students to use the available grammatical forms to express their ideas and thoughts to the best of their abilities. Consequently, the framework allows testing the students’ skills of applying particular language tools to give their speech meaning and purpose (“Common Core: Language arts standards, grade 9-10,” n.d.). The strategies of formatting and summative assessment used at school allow covering some of the gaps in the current assessment framework. For instance, the fact that the approach currently used for evaluating the students’ skills does not include the test of listening and speaking standards is covered by a very strong emphasis on developing the ability to use reasoning and critical thinking in students. Brainstorming, analogies, and concept maps are some of the examples of the tools that support the idea of developing critical thinking and, therefore, align with the suggested assessment system (Regier, 2012). Strengths and Weaknesses of the Standards: Evaluation The curriculum used in the specified school setting has its advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, the suggest
Introduction Generally, community colleges consist of public and private colleges as well as technical institutions (Raby and Valeau 3). They are regarded as vital players in education systems that are quite diverse. Despite the fact that defining the community college concept is quite complex, various attempts have been made (Wiseman et al. 301). In the United States, for example, a community college is an educational institution that is endorsed to award the associate in arts or sciences as its highest degree. Though accepted, the definition ignores some important aspects of community colleges such as vocational as well as community functions. Although some people see them as a waste of public resources and a result of a diluted workforce, free community colleges should be encouraged in order to offer students affordable educational services under flexible terms. Arguments on Both Sides of the Debate The importance of community colleges has been growing over the years, and the trend is bound to continue (Townsend and Twombly 102). For this reason, free community colleges should be encouraged. Proponents allude to a number of reasons in support of free community colleges. First, most students attend community colleges because of their flexibility. The flexible schedule permits us to study while working. Reasonable costs associated with community colleges also make it possible for students to explore numerous options. Smaller classes under community college systems are equally important since they make it possible for students to access their teachers easily. Free community colleges are also an important strategy that can be used by the government to ensure that those who also less fortunate in society are not overlooked. While meeting education expenses for some families may not be a problem, there are those whose financial backgrounds can not allow them to be part of an expensive education system. Free community colleges will thus accommodate those who can not afford costly university fees. On the other hand, free community colleges have been criticized for the short time taken. Consequently, a student who desires to undertake a 4-year degree program is compelled to move to a different university at a later time in order to get the award. Fears have also been raised concerning the workload, which is generally lighter than what a student is likely to encounter at a state university. Employers are, therefore, afraid that they may end up with a diluted workforce. Students under community colleges are also less involved and miss out on the campus life experience. As mentioned earlier, there is a feeling among opponents that free community colleges are a waste of public resources and should thus be abolished. Conclusion Despite the concerns raised by opponents of free community colleges, there is certa
Tornatore’s Cinema Paradiso (1988) shows the nostalgia of boyhood in an idyllic Italian town encumbered with romance, friendship, and memories of films in a wistful paradise, is lost, revived, and again lost in the local cinema house. The postmodern fear of death of the cinema is imminent in the film as fire destroys the old theatre. However, the rebuilding of the theatre shows a revival of the cinema. As time moves on, cinema and viewers undergo a drastic change. Television makes cinema houses outdated. Similarly, in the film, the old cinema house is demolished to make space for a parking lot, indicating the redundancy of the theatre. This expresses the fear for cinema as an endangered medium. I believe, Cinema Paradiso echoes the fear of demise of cinema as a medium. The cinema within cinema and the stress on the nostalgic rumination of the classic films uphold the postmodern theatre’s persistent fear of imminent extinction. Thesis statement – Cinema Paradiso , through its reflections of the past, expresses a nostalgia and fear for the perceived demise of the old medium and an attempt to break free from the old forms in search of a new space. Cinema Paradiso, the small theatre in the town was full, and a small crowd stood outside the closed doors of the theatre (Tornatore). Alfredo was busy in the projection room while Salvatore lingered. Suddenly, Alfredo had an idea. He used a mirror to intercept the beam of the light from the projector and focused on the façade of a white building outside the theatre. This brings the film alive on the walls of the building, outside the theatre, like magic. The spellbound crowd cheers as the spectacle of the cinema engulf the walls. The symbolism of this scene lies in the cinema’s desire to leave the traditional space and transgress to new locations. The scene metaphorically shows how classical cinema was at a crossroad and had to change its location and embrace new environments to bring the image and sound alive. It shows that the small theatres where unable to meet the rising demand for cinema. The transgression of the image out of the confines of the theatre initially shows that the images move from one location to the other until it reaches the right wall. When Alfredo projects the image without a screen the image vanishes and then reappears as it falls on a wall as if it was disappearing in the nebulous space. However, when it fell on the wall, it reappeared with the same vigor, signifying that nothing is lost. The image found a new space for existence on the wall of the building opposite Cinema Paradiso. The second theme expressed in the film is the postmodern fear
Problem Identification Managing change is one of the challenges that many organisations face in the current society. The article by Kotter and Schlesinger (3) focuses on how an organisation can choose appropriate strategies for change. The world is changing very rapidly due to changes in technology and other environmental factors. Many organisations find themselves in very delicate situations where they cannot avoid change. However, problems start to arise when the employees resist change. Reiß (47) says that change is one of the inevitable events that a firm must find a way of handling. However, the problem is that many people tend to resist change because they are used to the current systems. They feel comfortable working in a familiar environment with familiar structures. When they are forced to use to change their current structures, they feel threatened because of the fear of the unknown. This may lead to failure in implementing a change strategy as employees try to stick to the old methods. Some managers always ignore the fundamental issues that lead to resistance, assuming that once the employees are informed about the change early enough, they will be ready for it. However, this is a wrong perception. Kotter and Schlesinger (5) developed two main hypotheses for their study which they went ahead to confirm. The first hypothesis holds that informing employees about an impending change may play a little role in reducing the employees’ resistance to change. The second hypothesis holds that resistance to change is always reduced when the employees understand the relevance and concepts of change. From these two hypotheses, it is clear that when planning for a change, it is critical to ensure that the employees are taken through some form of training that will make them understand the need for, and concepts of a given change initiative. This article reveals that sometimes the management may face the challenge of introducing a new system at the pace that is necessary. Some change agents may require a slow implementation process. However, others may require a rapid response approach to avert a crisis. Many firms find it challenging to manage such rapid change requirements because they are used to gradual processes that allow the employees to understand the new system over a given period. The article clearly shows that the management may need to understand effective strategies that can be used in such cases of crisis. The need for the study of the article The article by Kotter and Schlesinger (4) is very relevant in today’s organisational setting. Technology is changing rapidly, redefining various concepts within the environmental setting. According to Reiß (95), despite the massive opportunities that technology presents to firms in the current society, it also brings with it a serious challenge of having to manage change. This scholar notes that this change is so rapid that only the best change management strategies can help a