ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The concept of control involves monitoring activities or operations in order to achieve desired results or to meet up the predetermined standards. It focuses on events during, before and after a particular process (Coulter & Robbins, 2009). In order to apply the concepts of control effectively, certain principles like time must be taken into consideration. There are three types of control methods that operate in relation to time.   * Feedforward control method: This control method is also known as preliminary control. It is dynamic in nature and is mainly used to identify problems before the problems occur. The primary aim of this control method is to utilize the input skills in any difficult task. When ever a problem is identified prior to its occurrence, this control method determines the necessary steps required to counter such a problem.   * Concurrent control method: This control method does not predict problems like the feed forward method instead, it monitors other control methods already in progress for necessary correction in case of any deviation from the required standard. The primary objective of this particular control method is to monitor any ongoing control method in progress (Coulter & Robbins, 2009).   * Feedback control method: The feedback control method is meant to ensure the standard or quality of the final output. Unlike the feed forward control method which identifies and solves problems before the problems occur, this control method solves problems after the problems occur (Coulter & Robbins, 2009). Applying the control concepts in our personal lives   * School: At all levels of education, the primary key to success is hard work. In order to achieve excellent grades; students need to apply the feedback control method which focuses on the output. In this case, the desired academic grades are the output and any student with low grades which is a problem, needs to use the feedback control which will guide such a student on the necessary steps required to pass with good grades.   * Work: Companies, co-operate organizations and private businesses all have a common goal which is to maximize profits. But in the competitive world of today, in order to achieve this tasking demand, individuals both as employers or employees need to apply certain management control method. For any individual to succeed in his or her endeavors, the feed forward control method which guides such a person on the required input efforts is required. This preliminary control method if applied well enables an employee or employer to respectively put in their best. It also promotes organizational attitude.   * Family relationship: For every relationship of any kind to flourish well, all the parties involved need to give their best and make sacrifices. What is however a bigger threat is identifying problems and knowing proper solutions to them. In a family relationship, the concurrent control method is necessary because it identifies problems while a particular process is on a
Introduction Ecology is a branch of science that entails the distribution of all living organisms and their interactions with the environment. Human ecology which is the main concern in this paper entails the study of human beings and how they interact with the natural environment. The activities in which human beings are involved affect the ecology of the given region in different ways depending on the effects of the activities involved. This paper looks into how the societies are affecting the ecology of Kenya which is the country of choice giving an insight on the effects on the availability of the natural resources to the people, the initial mode of livelihood and the changes that have occurred and finally the environmental problems facing Kenya as a country and the possible solutions. How the Geography and Geology of Kenya Has Influenced the Availability of Resources to the People Geology is the study of aspects of the earth including the materials from which it is made up, the composition of the materials as well as the processes that act upon the materials. Geography on the other hand is the study of the earth and all its features including the distribution of life and how human activity affects this. Kenya is a small country in Africa and has a majority of natural resources which include wildlife, hydropower, limestone, soda ash, zinc, diatomite, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, and gypsum among others. The geography and geology of the country has influenced the availability of resources to the residents in a number of ways for example the people closer to the sources or the mines containing the natural resources such as the minerals or oil are in a better position to access the resources as compared to those far away who have to incur some extra costs in the event of having the resources. The exploitation and misuse also affect the availability of the resources to the people. The availability of resources is usually dynamic and dependent on the patterns used the conservations policies that govern the resources. The Main Historical Mode of Livelihood for the Kenyan People Kenyan people have for a long period of time depended on agriculture as the main source of livelihood. Agriculture has also been the leading contributor
Vision and Mission Chipotle Mexico Grill’s vision aims at serving high quality food that is prepared deliciously. The high quality food is obtained from classic cooking techniques, as well as sophisticated recipes. The company’s idea is to fulfill the promise of a full-service restaurant that values speed and convenience. The ambition of the restaurant is to offer an extra special dining atmosphere that succeeds in redefining the fast food knowledge and enjoyment for everybody at inexpensive prices. Part of the vision says: “Food with Integrity”. This is a critical aspect that also forms part of the mission statement. It further declares the organization’s purpose of identifying the products and customers who are unique. This distinguishes it from the rest of the competitors (Jones & George, 2011). The restaurant realizes the fact that there is a difference between high quality food and mere maintenance of freshness. As such, the company intends to consider the source of food it serves as a way of ensuring that its organic status does not affect the society and the general environment in a negative way. Chipotle uses a simple strategy to determine the corporate goals by explaining the simple means through which resources will be used to achieve the particular goals (Jones & George, 2011). The company focuses on serving food that is grown in a suitable way through supporting farmers who observe highly commendable environmental practices. This, in turn, builds the farmers’ capacity, thus ensuring a steady supply of foods in the restaurant. Competitive Intelligence Strengths Fast food restaurants mainly target strategic locations as an effective means of enhancing their competitive edge. Mucho chain of restaurants, for instance, has strategically established its outlets in front of, or near Walmart stores and other highly frequented public places like bus stops. The company realizes how popular Walmart is among Americans; therefore, it makes it easy for shoppers to pop into its restaurants after or during their shopping sprees (Chipotle: Food With Integrity, 2011). This way, Mucho is able to raise significant revenues because of the high human traffic around its outlets. The fast food industry is highly competitive, thus players have to build on strategic means through which they can attract and convince buyers to be their frequent and loyal customers. The success of quick service restaurants depends on market position, strength of brands, as well as segmentation. Any industry player that fails to address these aspects keenly faces the danger of achieving overall poor performance. Taco Bell, for instance, only focuses on Mexican foods (“Taco Bell makes spicy retort to suit”, 2011). Taco Bell is a subsidiary of one of America’s largest fast food chains, Yum! Brands Inc. This segmentation has seen the company achieve a significant 50% market share throughout the US (Yum! Brands, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 2012). Its quality is high because of the total focus that the company achieves in serving only a few selected food items, thus it manages to attract more buyers than any other industry player. Brand recognition is a critical charac
Description of Sample The research study aims to discover the effectiveness of peer-led self-management programs in reducing readmissions among adults with schizophrenia. In this case, the target population is adults with schizophrenia who tend to attend one of the medical centers that take part in this study. A simple random sampling technique will be used to select participants, and it implies that each respondent will be randomly chosen to take part in the study to avoid bias and ensure the validity of information (Johnson & Christensen, 2013). It is estimated to have 250 participants due to a potential 30-40% dropout rate. The participants have to be within the 21-65-years-old age range, and both males (70%) and females (30%) will take part in this study. These numbers are estimated and may change after the randomization of participants is accomplished. To determine the effectiveness of the chosen intervention, the total number of participants (250) will be split into control (125) and experimental (125) groups. The participants will be randomly divided while relying on the concepts of randomization (Balakrishnan, 2014). In this instance, both groups will receive professional medical treatment, but the experimental group will also participate in peer-led self-management programs. The educational sessions will be organized by well-trained adults (5) with schizophrenia, who successfully manage their condition in their lives and are recommended by the medical centers (Chan et al., 2013). The data will be collected using questionnaires. To analyze the demographic data, descriptive statistics will be used. In the first place, the whole data set will be split into categories, including gender (male or female) and age (21-30; 31-40; 40-65; 65+). Using this method is crucial since it enhances data screening procedures and helps understand a relationship between the variables (Sreejesh, Mohapatra, & Anusree, 2014). For example, it will help us understand whether there is a correlation between gender, age, and proposed intervention. At the same time, mean, median, and mode values will be calculated, as they assist in understanding general tendencies by determining the average, middle, and the most frequent values (Sreejesh et al., 2014). Data Analysis It is apparent that in the first place, the information will be collected by using a mixed approach that implies relying on both qualitative and quantitative methods. To find proof of the hypothesis, the data will be collected with the help of surveys (subjective data) and interviews (qualitative data). Thus, to analyze the acquired information, apart from randomization, different statistical tests have to be used. One of them is regression analysis. It could be said that it is one of the most appropri
In making a decision on whether to introduce a service or not, an organization must have sufficient information on the viability of that service based on research undertaken beforehand. Before research is conducted, there must be a research proposal that tends to predetermine the necessity and requirement of the research. A research proposal is defined by Davis (2000) as a written formal bid for research that identifies a problem and course of action to solve that problem. This paper tends to explain the pertinent issues of problem identification and proposal development for a company intending to introduce a new service. From the management’s perspective, the research proposal is important as it affects the decision-making of the company directly. The proposal explains the various components that have to be incorporated in the actual research, such as the objectives of the research, data collection methods, data presentation and analysis methods, the implementation and evaluation criteria, and the budget required for the research. A research proposal is designed on the basis of the identified problem. Punch (2000) describes a problem as an unsatisfactory situation that needs intervention.
Introduction Firms in the production and services sectors are required to be effective in offering high quality products and services. However, it is challenging for organisations to provide and maintain high quality products and services for a long duration without incorporating the concept of quality control (Dahlgaard, Kristensen, & Kanji, 2005, p.43). Quality control entails the various techniques which are incorporated in an organisation’s operation in an effort to ensure that an organisation’s products and services conform to the required standards of quality. Quality has a significant influence on diverse aspects of an organisation such productivity and cost. Organisations can either incorporate quality control before, during or after the various organisational processes (Kanji, 2002, p. 42). With this regard, there are three main types of quality controls strategies that organisations can incorporate. These include feed-forward controls, concurrent quality control and feedback quality control. Feed-forward control strategy is also referred to as preventative or preliminary control. The mechanism is aimed at identifying and preventing possible deviations from the set standards that might occur. Feed-forward control mainly emphasizes on organisational resources which include material, human and financial resources. For example, in the process of hiring employees, feed-forward control ensures that organisations hire employees with the right skills. Concurrent control strategy is mainly concerned with ensuring that the employees act in accordance with the set standards in executing their duties. Concurrent control is based on a set of quality standards which organisations use to determine whether the products and services meet. In the event of the standards not being met, the employees have to make the necessary adjustment. Feedback control entails evaluating whether the standards have achieved the required standards. This paper is aimed at evaluating a number of elements. One of these entails the various quality control methods that organisations can incorporate and their benefits to the customers. The paper also assessing the information made available to customers and the importance given to effective marketing. The researcher also evaluates the benefit of user and non-user surveys in determining customer needs. Quality control method There are different quality control techniques that organisations can integrate in their quality control effort as illustrated below. Fishbone analysis This technique aids organisations in the evaluation of cause and effect (Rosted, 2005, p.12). This technique is mostly applicable if an organisation has identified the cause of a problem. Through fishbone analysis, an organisation is able to formulate long term solution. This arises from the fact that the various causes of a problem are identified. Additionally, fishbone analysis is only possible if an organisation has integrated the concept of teamwork. The diagram below illustrates a possible application of fishbone analysis in a business. The red line illustrates the main cause while the blue lines indicate the sub-causes. Ca
Abstract This paper researches into the circumstances surrounding my field setting as a psychologist. It begins by providing an introduction that captures the field setting and the Maslow’s theory of needs used to evaluate three different cases. Introduction My fieldwork setting involves close working relationship with students, elderly and low-income individuals in building a strong English foundation. Asian immigrants and refugees who are mostly above the age of 30 comprise most of my students. The fieldwork experience has also been boosted by the referral and counselling services offered by the ACRS organization. My background as a Chinese student has enabled me to understand the needs of these students quite well. Besides, I have studied in the United States for more than five years. As a result, I understand both the Asian and American cultures. The psychological knowledge I have acquired has enabled me to gain the much-needed experience in handling this group of students. For instance, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs fits the experience in my field as it assists in appreciating the reason why the Asian American adults feel motivated to learn English and earn a better livelihood in the United States. The theory states that people only act from a motivation that pushes them to seek fulfillment of certain needs (Kaur, 2013). This reflection paper explores fieldwork experience with my students alongside testing the credibility of Maslow’s theory of needs by offering evidence from three separate cases. First case During my interactions with two students from Vietnam and Philippine, I realized that even although they were not exceptional learners in class, they often walked together trying to read their books aloud. When I approached them separately, I learned that their motivation never emanated from the desire to acquire knowledge. They informed me that they wanted to pass the test and possibly evade from the state of insecurity back home. This confirmed the assertion of the theory that physiological needs motivate people if they are unfulfilled (Kaur, 2013). It also confirmed an argument from the theory that the need for safety and love may compel individuals to remain united (Kaur, 2013). Second case In the same setting, I also noted that one woman from China preferred to sit alone in class. She rarely talked with other students even while outside class environment. After approaching her twice in order to establish of her silence, she could not talk to me at all. When I finally brought her some gift, she wrote me a small note in a piece of paper and rushed away sobbing. I later understood that the woman had gone through a traumatic rape ordeal sometimes back. According to Maslow’s theory, a person’s need for self-esteem should always come first. Unless the latter is attained, the affected individuals may not feel secure or socialize. The woman lacked self-esteem (Kaur, 2013). Third case: The inconsistent case The need for safety may not always precede the social needs or desires as put forward by Maslow’s theory (Kaur, 2013). In the course of interacting with my stu
The article in question deals with the effect public policies may have on the development of online communities. Hercheui (2010) examined the opinions of members of three Brazilian virtual communities that focused on environmental issues. The author notes that members of these virtual communities had similar values concerning leadership. The communities were created as groups where all members take an active (and equal) part in the decision-making process. However, in reality, these organizations had several members who made all the decisions including participation in the funding project and other projects. Participation in the program affected the participants’ views and the structure of the communities making them more centralized. The power of leaders was legitimized after the participation in projects funded by the government. The author stresses that leaders had existed before the funding was obtained, but members of online communities started having more favorable views on the leadership. People accepted that the community could not exist without leaders as some decisions had to be made quickly. However, it is difficult and even impossible to make decisions quickly if they are discussed by all members of the community. Hercheui (2010) used qualitative methods to collect and analyze data. Several members of three digital communities were interviewed. One of the major strengths of the article is its use of qualitative tools. The researcher identifies ideas on the leadership of members of some virtual communities. The researcher analyzes possible factors that influence these ideas. Some public policies (those involving funding) can shape the structure of virtual communities and their members’ ideas on leadership. The author provides direct quotes that help the reader to understand the participants’ views, emotions, and so on. The use of interviews ensures that detailed information on the matter is collected. As for the weaknesses of the article, it lacks important data. First, the methodology used is not described clearly. The number of participants is not mentioned. At that, it is clear that this number is not significant, which makes it impossible to generalize the data provided. The results can apply to the three communities that were analyzed, and different opinions can exist within other virtual communities. It is possible to note that the article can have several implications for society. For example, the findings show that although democratic values are promoted within digital communities, they are not followed in some important aspects. The communities that are often created as platforms for sharing ideas and making decisions collectively still have a group of leaders who make the majority of decisions. The most important implication for the
Industrial revolution has caused major changes not only in the life style and living standards of the people but also in the realm of social interaction. These changes carry both positive and negative impacts on social interaction. For example the increase in use of mobile phone should not be seen as an enhancement to social interactions but also carries some negative attributes. It has led to nomadic intimacy and cyberspace virtual interaction. Depending on how we use them, they always carry some consequences (Andersen, Taylor 114). There are different interaction problems that have been encountered in USA. They include; poverty, homelessness, urban crime, race and ethnicity and macro level problems. These factors have always made the relations between people become anomic. Poverty is a major factor in this case which divides people into social strata; poor or rich. According to the Census Bureau, poverty has been on the rise in the recent past where about 2.6 million people slipped into poverty (United States Conference of Mayors 22). This factor has led formation of social groups the Hispanians and the blacks, where the blacks are the most hit by poverty. In this case there is little communication between the poor and the rich. The poor retire to a culture of poverty which is passed from generation to generation thus making it hard to change. They feel negative, hopeless, inferior and powerless. Studies have revealed that poor families which experience more stress are always allied to violence in families (Bassuk et al. 25). Homelessness is another factor which has led to a series of social interaction problems. Extreme poverty leads to homelessness, and this is mostly experienced by young children. Its inception comes with health problems and poor nutrition. Although it has reduced considerably in many states in USA, a lasting solution is yet to be found (United States Conference of Mayors 13). 1.6 million American children or one in 45 of them are homeless in the year 2010 (Bassuk et al. 32). Forty percent of these children are age six and under. It hurts