ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Need to write an essay on Nelson Mandela leadership style? Or just want to understand if Nelson Mandela was a democratic leader? Find here everything necessary and get inspired with us! Introduction Leadership is a social process through which one person makes use of others’ support in accomplishing certain goals. A leader is a person who is moving towards a particular direction while managing to influence others to follow him or her. A leader becomes a coordinator, a commander, a manager, a counsellor, and an initiator in a group, country, or an organisation. Therefore, leadership depends on two key factors namely the leader’s ability to guide, direct, organise, and influence others and the readiness of followers to embrace or resist the leadership style applied. Some of the leaders who depicted clear leadership styles during their tenure of the office include Nelson Mandela, Adolf Hitler, Julius Nyerere, Jomo Kenyatta, Benito Mussolini, Michael Gorbachev, and Mahatma Gandhi, John F. Kennedy, and Martin Luther. However, this paper focuses on the former leader and his leadership style. Specifically, the paper will give reasons as to why Nelson Mandela is a good leader. Further, the paper presents his leadership style in an effort to confirm that he is indeed an epitome of exemplary leaders. Nelson Mandela as a Leader: Background Information Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is a renowned and influential leader who was born at Umtata in Transkei district of South Africa. Mandela was born on 18 th July 1918. Mandela’s father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa was a chief 1 . Mandela was brought up in close witness of leadership. Consequently, his parents and the Thembu people expected that Rolihlahla would also become a chief like his father. By being brought up in a chief’s family, Mandela would end up learning a lot on leadership. His mother Nosekeni Fanny was a long-serving Christian. Since Mandela was a bright student, he proceeded to Fort Hare Univers
Executive Summary This paper is an analysis of companies competing in the wireless device and application products. The products are rapidly changing and have led to competition amongst major producers and developers of software. Google, Apple and Microsoft have made collaborated to make diverse and unique products that meet the needs of the customers. Some products have better applications, advanced applications and others new applications. They have also collaborated with other mobile produces to make products with better security. The products have enhanced business operations and are being adopted by an increasing number of users. The research study concluded that the competitor has engaged in research and innovativeness to create unique products. For companies to survive they should be easy to use, accessible and affordable to the customers. The applications must be of quality and collaborations will lead to unique products. Introduction Businesses engage in diverse strategies in order to keep up with the competition in the global market. The competition is championed by a constantly changing technological development and instability in the economy. Technology has in turn led to rampant access to information. The wireless devices and application developers have an ever ending challenge to keep up with the development. This paper will analyze the internal and external environmental trends and strategic management of Google Apple and Microsoft. It will focus on the evolving product category, and the strategic formulation, implementation and outcomes of the competitors. It will also discuss the strategies that may give the competitors an advantage in the future. Methodology This analysis will analyze literature in journals. It will also review documented business articles. Analysis Environmental trends The environmental trends of the Apple, Google and Microsoft are characterized by competition. The organizations keep track of developments in the technological world. They are also keen to market themselves to keep their revenues and maintain their name in the market. The stakeholders of the companies are given attention. The employees of the organizations are useful in developing the competitive products. The experts are hired and employees are trained so that, the strategic objectives are achieved (Hitt et al 2009, p. 12). Nerney (2011, p. 1) mentions that Google has employed software developers for mobile devices so that they can develop software that meets the demand of the market. The shareholders are involved in decision making. The organizations can be affected by the changes that happen in the global economy. The market is predictable, and organizations have to restructure their traditional organizational structure to a business model that is adaptive to constantly changing environment. Strategic management issues The business has become competitive, and organizations have come up with ways of managing their business processes, enhancing communication, managing knowledge and have ventured into collaborations (Internet.com
Introduction Strategic management involves the transformation of organizational resources into elements that can enhance the performance of the organization, mostly in their external business environments. Some of the effective approaches to strategic management include the specification of the organizational vision and mission, development of well-planned policies and effective allocation of resources in order to facilitate the realization of the stipulated goals and objectives of the firm. Organizations are in dire need of strategic planning primarily because of the unpredictable trend of the global market place (Alkhafaji 78). The main objective behind strategic management is to uphold the competitive nature of business enterprise in the current dynamic and turbulent market place. This paper attempts to discuss two of the contemporary events that firms and organization can undertake during strategic management. The two basic contemporary events undertaken during strategic management is strategy formation and evaluation, and strategy implementation (Hill & Jones 67). Both the steps are significant in determining the success of strategic management process in the current global market place. In most cases, strategy formation precedes strategy evaluation. If strategy formation and evaluation are effective, the implementation of strategic management will not be a significant challenge to the business enterprise. Strategy formation typically entails option generation, which involves the establishment possible plan of approaches (Hill & Jones 89). Strategic formation is a sequential process, which begins by conducting a situation analysis for the organization, an evaluation of the status for the business enterprise and carrying out analysis of the competitors in the market place, which encompasses an analysis of both external and internal entities that affect the business enterprise. Having carried an analysis, objectives are set in accordance with the long term and short term business requirements. Vision statements are also drafted, financial goals and strategic business objectives are set up. It is important that the proposed objectives put into consideration the results of situational analysis, as a result, facilitate the establishment of strategic plan (Alkhafaji 70). The strategic plan should outline the process of the realization of the proposed objectives. Strategic evaluation on the other hand investigates the effectiveness of the strategic plan. It involves carrying out a SWOT analysis in order to determine the strengths and weakness of the strategy. The evaluation of potential threats and opportunities is also important during strategy evaluation. Strategy evaluation also entails the use of criteria such as suitability, feasibility and the acceptability of the plan (Hill & Jones 90). The second event in contemporary strategic management is strategic implementation of the plan, which entails the putting of the proposed strategic plan into action. Strategic planning depends on strategic evaluation, after the choic
Introduction Moral philosophy, otherwise known as ethics, fundamentally assesses the principles of moral judgment and sheds light on problems linked to equality, justice and rights (Sahakian and Sahakian 32). In its core, ethics systematically tries to set apart good from wrong. The field is split into three categories, which are meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics (Olson 343). Meta-ethics covers the theoretical meanings of what makes actions wrong and others right (Kelly 160). Normative ethics explain the practical ways that can be used to arrive at a moral deed and applied ethics tries to explain how moral actions can be achieved in particular situations (Sahakian and Sahakian 32). All these methods of understanding the moral standing of an action were developed by different scholars, but who all found a point of harmony, to link all their findings. The blues, in their origins helped in exposing the injustices that were perpetrated against the African Americans during the years of slavery and later segregation arising from racism. Over time, this genre of music has provided an appropriate platform for the release of frustration and has also provided some sense of support to help deal with the trauma, pain and suffering. As such the blues is inherently a genre of music whose grounding is the distinction between right and wrong. It is the kind of music whose lyrics were derived from reality and whose impact would well be felt by all and sundry. Sometimes, the persons at whom the expressionism of the genre was targeted got the message and it even sunk in to allow them make some crucial changes in the way they carried themselves. This change, depending on the person, would either take a more acceptable moral stance or would go the other way and reinforce the unfortunate deed that the singers were trying to deter them from. This essay seeks to explain the history of the blues in view of the ethical issues that surrounded its propagation. To this end, a number of articles as well as books will be used to offer a background to the topic, with some of the theories raised by scholars of ethics used to offer insight into why some developments took a particular course. The essay seeks to conclude that the blues and ethics are two inseparable fields, and that one can be used to adequately explain the other. The blues and ethics The blues are said to have first started in 1890s but the first published version of the blues came in 1912. The main reason as to why this genre of music was not given particular attention was because of the escalating racism at the time and the low level of literacy among Americans of African descent. At the time, the blues were not given attention as worthwhile music, because of the association with African Americans. The compos
The Marriott Company One of the companies on Fortune magazine’s list of the most admired companies is Marriott International. It is the world leader in the hotel business, franchising over fifteen various brands around the world, including The Ritz-Carlton, Renaissance Hotels, Courtyard, and Residence Inn. Over the years, Marriott has become a brand associated with the highest standards of hospitality. Founded in 1927 by J. Willard and Alice S. Marriott, the company’s growth and prosperity are also the result of the hard work and dedication of their son, J. W. “Bill” Marriott. J. Willard Marriott started out in food service with his Hot Shoppes restaurant chain and A&W Root Beer (“Our Story” 1). Ten years later, Hot Shoppes started providing “in-flight” food service to the passengers at the airport. In 1957, J. Willard entered the hospitality business, opening the first hotel in Virginia: the Twin Bridges Motor Hotel, managed by Bill Marriott (“Our Story” 1). In 1967, Hot Shoppes Company transformed into Marriott, Inc. During the last decades of the twentieth century, Marriott diversified intensively, launching many brands. Moreover, Marriott was the first in the hospitality business to provide their guests with the possibility of booking their reservations online. Promoting Ethics and Innovation The innovative character of Marriott International is an asset of the company, as well as an appealing quality for its potential employees. E-commerce and implementation of new technological solutions are essential parts of Marriott’s strategy (“The Power of Marriott” 7). The company’s staff training program, with the use of the latest technologies, is an opportunity for developing the staff’s full potential. Emphasizing the aspect of innovation is a sign that the company has not stopped evolving and improving the quality of its services and facilities. This is the most attractive quality of Marriott International. When a company takes nothing for granted and focuses on constant development, an employee can be certain that their work will be appreciated and properly rewarded. Moreover, Marriott stresses the importance of ethical issues. In 2011, the company conducted ethical training, “Ethics and Human Rights” (“Marriott International, Inc.” 1), and was involved in such programs as the Youth Career Initiative and SOS Children’s Villages. In addition, new software was recently put into use, which helps the disabled surf the Internet using personalized customer service and cutting-edge assistive technology (“Core Values & Heritage” 1). The Hotel Carbon Measurement Initiative and Energy and Environmental Action Plan were also implemented in 2011-2012 (Gardetti 37). Apart from the ethical dimension, Marriott stands out, due to the multicultural character of its workforce. Minorities occupy 26% of its managerial positions. Thus, Marriott has many appealing dimensions, encouraging a potential employee to join their team. Informational Interview Report An interv
Abstract There are several types of attentional concentration during the performance of physical actions. Whether the subject is focusing his external (e.g., focusing on the ball movement) or internal (focusing on the movement of the hands) attention determines the outcome of his task. There are also several subtypes of external and internal attention that will be mentioned throughout this paper. This experiment intends to prove the efficiency of either one of the attention concentration methods. For this purpose, an experiment involving fifteen test subjects (6 males and 9 females) was conducted, and its resulting data analyzed according to statistical analysis methods: Student’s t-distribution, ANOVA, F-test, as well as the chi-square test of significance. It appeared that most the majority of the tested individuals favoured the external attentional focusing over the internal one. Introduction Attention can be directed towards sources of stimulation which are either external or internal. It is possible to focus ones attention on a specific external or internal cue, like a single thought or an object, or deploy the attention broadly, scanning the environment in order to consider a broad concept. The above attentional dimensions concerning direction (internal/external) and breadth (narrow/wide) have been discussed within a few attentional theories (Bacon, 1974; Wachtel, 1967). A few decades later, these concepts were incorporated into a sport attentional processes model (Nideffer, 1993). Nideffer classifies attention according to direction and breadth into four basic classes: broad-external, narrow-external, broad-internal, and narrow-internal. Broad-external requires scanning a wide portion of the external environment. For example, a football quarterback “reads” the defence as he drops back to pass. A narrow external focus is typified by a batter in baseball who focuses closely on the thrown ball as it leaves the pitcher’s hand. A golfer who is developing a “game plan” for a difficult hole by drawing upon his or her knowledge of the course and past experiences would be engaging in a broad-internal attentional focus. On the other hand, a narrow-internal focus is exemplified by a basketball player who is forming a specific image of his or her shot dropping through the net (Smith, 1996). A key to successful performance, according to Nideffer, is the ability to match one’s attentional focus to the momentary attentional demands of the task situation. These demands can change quickly. For example, once a quarterback has “read” the defence and spotted an open receiver, he must focus narrowly on the moving r
Introduction Teachers aim at satisfying the academic needs of students irrespective of their physical conditions. In this light, they design a teaching methodology that considers the need of all students. This paper will, therefore, touch on creating an instructional design that provides instructions in a technological manner. Importance of Designing for Complete Support Understandably, students have diverse capabilities and weaknesses that call for a detailed description which caters for all their needs (Felder & Brent, 2005). An instructional design plays an imperative role in satisfying these needs. For example, modern education has created a general curriculum that combines the disabled students and non-disabled ones. This implies that the teacher must create a design which satisfies the need of the non-disabled students as well as the disabled ones. In this case, the teacher should include audio instructions in the teaching materials to ensure that blind students are not inconvenienced Redesigning a MATLT Activity In light of redesigning a MATLT activity, this paper will revise a PowerPoint presentation to suit all students including the visually and audibly handicapped. This presentation, which was designed to discuss writing skills, is referred to as Effective Writing Skills. Thorough evaluation shows that the presentation was purely textual because it has not represented any information diagrammatically. However, diagrammatic representation of information is crucial since it is easy to understand, follow and internalize. Consequently, the principle of multimedia is applied in order to include diagrammatic illustrations in this presentation. The diagrams and photos ensure that the presentation is more understandable than the textual one (Mayer & Clark, 2011). Furthermore, it reduces the overall load by summarizing information that was represented in words. Lastly, the principle of multimedia allows for inclusion of links that redirect the learner to relevant article and books which address the topic. Additionally, the presentation includes irrelevant information which creates confusion during lessons. Irrelevant information distorts the coherence of this presentation by deviating from critical issues that are related to effective writing. In this case, principle of coherence allows the removal of irrelevant information and encourages inclusion of main points that are related to effective writing. As a result, it eliminates confusion and embraces brevity to ensure that students can understand the presentation in an easy way. Lastly, this presentation calls for the application of redundancy principle. According to this principle, the designers should aim at including verbal and visual features as well as reducing wordy information. In addition, this editing ensures that the photos and corresponding audio files appear simultaneously. This ensures that
Introduction Overview of the Global Financial Credit Crisis The recent global financial crisis that occurred two years ago caused a lot of controversy and uncertainties in the business world. The credit crunch referred to a severe shortage of money or credit though at the time this was like a new term to many people. The crisis affected the global industrial leaders in different ways. GE Corporation is a good example of the negative influence caused by the global economic recession on the development of any business. (BBC news, pp. 1) Financial Crisis: How It Happened The credit crisis was linked to the sub-prime mortgage business. The United State banks gave high risk loans to individuals having poor credit histories which together with other loans and assets were bundled into Collateralised Debt Obligations (CDOs). These were then sold to investors globally as portfolios. Increased interest rates and falling house prices rendered many people unable to repay their mortgages. Due to the losses made, the investors became reluctant to take on more CDOs thus the freezing of markets as most banks became reluctant to lend each other. This happened as the lender bank could not be sure how many bad loans could be in the books of the opponent. The impact of the sub-prime mortgage was not confined in the United Sates only as the implications could be felt far and beyond like investment banks in Australia which experienced the losses. Due to the market conditions large firms cancelled the sale of bonds worth billions of dollars just to play safe and avoid more losses. With the situation getting worse, the US Federal Bank and the European Central Bank intervened and provided funds for the banks to borrow at favorable rates so as to boost the money markets. So as to encourage lending, the interest rates were also lowered credibly. As from the above graph, it is clear that the short term help is not a solution to the liquidity crisis since banks still hold the fear of lending to other banks. As an effect of lack of credit to individuals, companies and banks, then comes in the threat of recession leading to repossessions, bankruptcies, job losses and high costs of leaving. Withdrawal of £2bn by worried customers takes place as a result of the UK bank Northern Rock, looks for an emergency loan so as to stay afloat and it is later nationalized. Confidence in the financial sector was greatly interfered with for example where large businesses had been threatened. A good example of this is the Bear Stems which caused tension when it was almost failing. The US government intervened in areas where financial giants were at a threat of collapse so as to bail them out for a return of stake in such