ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Among other religions of the world, Buddhism has created own path to develop philosophy of life by withdrawing itself from theistic thoughts. In Buddhism as generally understood, middle path does not mean equivocal and also does not mean remaining confined or neutral but means to penetrate into the fundamental aspect of life with a straightforward and an unbiased attitude and approach. Every problem has a solution but we should look at every problem in an unbiased way and also to look into the problem from various aspects, analyze them, understand the truth, and find out the logical answers. Human being is most important in Buddhism and his thoughts, behavior and the way he relates and deals with his environment has more relevance in Buddhism than in any other religion. Middle Path is the fundamental principle in Buddhism discovered by Buddha before his enlightenment. It encompasses several definitions like the practice of non-extremism or path of moderation, which is away from the several extremes like self -indulgence and opposing self-mortification. It is also concerned taking a middle path about the things, which exists or do not exist. It is also a condition of Nirvana and an enlightenment where every object having a characteristics and attribute of duality join together in a single entity. It also involves the path of non-existence, or we can call emptiness. Buddhism originated into various schools of thought, and among them was Mahayana Buddhism. There are two most important branches of Buddhist belief: Mahayana and Theravada. The birth of Mahayana took place in India and subsequently spread to various parts of the world like China, Korea, Japan, Tibet, Central Asia, Vietnam and Taiwan. Followers of Mahayana tradition consider their doctrine as the finding of the truth about the nature and teachings of the Buddha in contrast to the Theravada tradition, which they characterize as Lesser Vehicle, known as Hinayana. As opposed to the several of the relative conservative schools of the earlier Buddhists, Mahayana encompasses within its scope several practices, deals with several of the philosophical issues and a more mythological concept of Buddha. There are two main Mahayana schools, which originated in India-the one is Madhyamika, meaning middle path and the other is Vijnanavada, means only consciousness, in other words Yogachara. Slowly Mahayana schools of thought spread outside India creating its impact in Sri Lanka, Tibet, other regions in Asia like China, Japan etc. Influence with the other regions of the world, Buddhism saw the appearance of various other schools of thought like Pure Land Buddhism and Zen. The forerunner of Mahayana was Mahasanghika, and considered to be a liberal branch of the Buddhist community that broke away from conservative Buddhism. Mahasanghika was considered to be one of the 18 schools of Hinayana. They consider Buddha as a supernatural or divine who has incarcerated in the form of human to be born as historical Buddha. Exactly when Mahayana arose is unclear but Indian philosopher Nagarjuna who founded the Madhyamika School promo
While the situation with the COVID-19 pandemic is critical, the case with mandatory vaccination at work is controversial. I think it is justified because it helps stop the pandemic; those unwilling to vaccinate should be ensured that they will not facilitate the contamination by the coronavirus. However, such a decision requires additional measures to ensure that the vaccine is safe and beneficial for the human organism. Despite a lack of time, as the pandemic must be conquered as soon as possible, the laws which require massive mandatory vaccination, under a threat of high fines, are the radical measure. They should be implemented carefully, as they may limit human rights and even be undemocratic, despite sometimes they are necessary to cope with challenging situations. In my opinion, the pandemic is such a situation, and it should be overcome. I think that mandatory vaccination does not violate the bill of rights only when everyone vaccinated knows clearly what they will obtain during the vaccination. In that way, the vaccine should be tested, and all test results should be available for check by each citizen. In my opinion, it would be even better if they could see all the processes of vaccine preparation. I personally would be much more confident in the decision to receive a vaccine, despite I think that vaccination is beneficial in any case. Thus, by myself, I am a supporter of the case about vaccine mandates. Still, when we are talking about nationwide vaccination, it is essential to remember that people are often fear to vaccinate: I think, in most cases, they fear to damage themselves. If they will not fear that, they will be much more inclined to vaccination, as everyone wants to be healthy. To conclude, I think that while mandatory vaccination is a radical measure, it is necessary to overcome the pandemic; still, the government should ensure that the vaccination process is transparent and safe for all citizens.
Introduction The cultural construction of poverty and people’s struggles to deal with poverty has always been linked to the everyday politics of civil society organizations as well as the interaction between people and various organizations. Governance and the dynamics of policy processes will always affect communities and individuals either citizens or migrants to a certain area. While governments have aimed to provide an equitable supply of basic needs for their citizens, the quest for this itself created a competition among governments so that there end the winners and losers: the rich and the poor, consequently reflected on the class of their country or state. Such can be said on the migrant workers of Winnipeg, particularly the Mexicans of Skid Row representing either legal or illegal migrants that have to contend with what job is available for them, and that pay would be better than nothing at all. Cheap work makes the rich richer As proposed in the lecture, sharing and generalized reciprocity, as well as modern marketing economy, are drivers, or factors that affect low-wage labor. As such, the Skidrow residents are willing to work sporadically for low wages, for handwork that agriculture technology fails to provide. While first-world economies like the US and Canada demand cheap food, wealth among them is measured after paying for basic needs: the more you spend on food, the poorer you are. It has also been suggested that cheap work makes the rich richer While migrant workers have to contend on low wages, unpaid time caused by the unpredictability of crop cycles, housing variables of trailers, rented, or shacks, the need to work when sick, no provision for old age, difficulty in educating children and receiving social services when parents are mobile, the possibility for many children to work in fields, legally and illegally, as well as being looked down upon by residents, either as invisible or stigmatized. Other implication for the situation of the poor migrant workers includes survivors adopting a socio-centric attitude within an “egocentric” culture where group and family loyalty is more highly valued than in the surrounding society. Summary In analyzing the situation, it would not at all impact whether I am willing to pay more for cheap foo
Introduction Identifying possible sales rates and making forecasts is a challenging task, as the subject matter depends on a variety of factors and, therefore, may be altered by the slightest changes in either the company’s operations or the target market. However, several tools for locating possible changes in the sales rates as well as estimating the latter rather accurately have been developed. Particularly, the phenomena known as MAPE and SES deserve to be mentioned. While SES does provide grounds for making long-term forecasts, its accuracy is rather low, whereas MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) and its modifications (ME (mean error), MPE (mean percentage error), etc.) (Ord and Fildes 47). It helps identify the possible outcomes in a rather precise manner due to the approximation technique used. Therefore, MAPE must be viewed as the most reasonable choice for the firm under analysis. Main body According to the results of the forecast, the company is likely to experience minor drops in sales in May, June, July, and November. However, the calculations show that the general prognosis for the sales rates is rather positive. Indeed, as the formula shows, the prognosis for the sales makes y = 0.1887x + 260.06, which is rather impressive (Lawrence and Geurts 88). According to the sales forecast provided, the mean error of the outcomes calculated with the help of the tool in question makes approximately 35.5. Despite the fact that the specified data can be viewed as rather significant, one must admit that, compared to the average size of data sets provided, the specified mean error can hardly be deemed as significant. Indeed, the estimated mean error is unlikely to affect the sales forecasts considerably and, therefore, is unlikely to jeopardize the organization’s performance in the future. The MAPE rates are very low as well, according to the estimations carried out. Landing at 0.2994, the specified percentage cannot be viewed as a serious impediment to developing a sales forecast. The specified tool, therefore, can be considered very efficient in terms of outlining the possible obstacles in the company’s way; particularly, certain financial inconsistencies regarding drops in sales can be predicted with rather high accuracy rates (Swanson and Tayman 385). Compared to the method of SES, the tool in question is clearly more efficient, as linear regression and the MAPE analysis provide solid premises for making very accurate calculations. The company’s safety, which hinges on the choice of the forecast tool incorporated into the analysis, therefore, is facilitated by the linear regression approach and the adoption of the tools such as MAPE, ME, and MPE. It is strongly recommended, therefore, that the linear regression analysis should be carried out (Dursun 102). The specified tool allows identifying the chances for evaluating every single opportunity available and at the same reduces the MAPE rates consi
John and Tracy are the two primary parties involved in the child custody case. After the parents’ separation, the issue surrounds who will keep or retain children, Matt (four years) and Sarah (six years). John feels that Tracy’s ‘abnormal’ sexual orientation provides adequate grounds for him to get his children’s custody. The father wants the youngsters protected from the mother’s lesbian behavior. On the other hand, Tracy wants to remain with the children because she is the parent they know, having spent much of their time with her. The mother claims that the busy life of the husband and father makes him absent from the family mostly. The counterarguments lead to significant conflict; each of the parties has firm stands informed by underlying biases. Understanding and unraveling the disagreement requires substantial knowledge concerning the matter. The Hocker and Wilmot conflict assessment paradigm provides a highly reliable tool for unraveling the present child custody disagreement. It leads conflict resolvers to comprehend basic elements concerning the particular clashes’ nature, orientation, interests, and goals (Hocker & Wilmot, 2014). Other critical elements revealed by the tool include the conflict’s involved power issues and the defense styles each of the conflicting parties adopted. Emotions involved in a disagreement, interactions, and patterns, attempted solutions, negotiations, and the possibility of forgiveness and reconciliation are key aspects realizable through Hocker and Wilmot’s tool of conflict resolution. Utilizing Hocker and Wilmot’s conflict resolution tool aids to understand that the issue at hand assumes the domestic wrangles’ nature. John and Tracy are former husbands and wives. The parties lived together in a heterogeneous relationship and got children together. The misunderstanding also features significant value orientation, where the conflicting parties now exhibit varying beliefs towards marriage. John and Tracy’s interests and goals are to get the children’s custody. John’s other goal is to protect his children from their ‘immoral’ mother, whereas Tracy’s purpose is to ensure that the children experience an ever-present affection. Hocker and Wilmot’s model also helps to understand the various power issues involved in the case (Hocker & Wilmot, 2014). John is power-thirsty as a man and the head of the family. He (John) wonders why Tracy leaves him for a female partner. The aspect somewhat belittles John, who now feels like the female suitor of his former wife is superior to him. Balancing such a power issue is a major concern in resolving the matter because only then will the parties relate and view each other correctly. Understanding John and Tracy’s ages and socioeconomic status would provide additional and necessary information towards resolving the present case. John is an employed fellow and uses his earnings to support his family, including catering for the ex-wife’s education. The fellow’s earnings may not be enough for
The US new constitution was drafted in 1787 at a convention held in Philadelphia. The constitutional convention comprised of 55 delegates who were given the responsibility to revise some articles of the congress confederation. However, instead of amending specific articles, the delegation decided to adopt Edmund Randolph proposal to write a completely new constitution. In the process of drafting the new constitution, two different proposals plans emerged. One plan was called the Virginia plan while the other one was called the New Jersey plan. This paper compares and contrasts the two proposed constitutional plans. Virginia vs. New Jersey Constitutional Plans The Virginia plan called for a government with three separate arms including the legislature, executive, and the judiciary. The national congress was to comprise of two houses namely: the senate and the House of Representatives. Furthermore, the plan proposed that representation in both chambers was to depend on the population of each state. According to this plan, members of the House of Representatives were to be elected directly by the voters of each state. Later, they would select the members of the senate from the lists of people nominated by the state legislatures. In terms of congregational power, the Virginian plan provided that the congress would retain its earlier powers, but on top of it add the power to make laws for the states, override state laws, and coerce states to obey national laws in all circumstances. The congress was also accorded powers to select members of the judiciary and the president, who would stay in power for a term equal to seven years. Finally, it provided that both the executive and the judiciary would have the power to veto, subject to override. On the other hand, the New Jersey plan advocated for a government with three branches just like the Virginia plan. It gave the central government power to enforce national laws, raise taxes, and regulate trade. According to this plan, the laws set by the congress were to be more powerful than state laws. Contrary to the Virginia plan, the New Jersey plan called for equal state representation in the congress regardless of the size of the state. The congress was to have one house consisting of members elected by the state legislature. In addition, the congress would choose the federal executive which, in turn, would choose the federal judiciary. In summary, the two plans differed
Alderian theory is a theory of personality and social development that argues that people live in a realm of meanings where men are overvalued and women are undervalued. He also argues that people live with the view of a final imaginary future that guides all efforts in one direction and forms the foundation of creativity, choice, esteem, and the direction taken by their life. He argues that this effect results majorly from parenting and education where at the affective level they develop the feeling of belonging together with others, at the cognitive stage learn interdependence of welfare of people than at the behavioral stage these feelings and thinking is translated to self-development and cooperativeness with others, therefore, learn from them in self-development. He adds that each person develops in a uniquely creative way despite the common dependence on the social context that forms the basis for thoughts, actions, and dreams, therefore, concludes that these are not genetic or hereditary. (Corey, 2005) He argues that negative personality development results from conscious insufficiencies concerning elder children and adults. These insufficiencies lead to feelings of inferiority which also act as a motivation to self-development to compensate for the unconscious feelings of lack. He refers to the mother as the primary factor in this development and fathers as associates. He further says that if the support is lacking, then feelings of inferiority advance making children feel discouraged. This leads them to set unattainable goals to overcome the inferiority thus avoid real tests of life and develop an individualistic and fictional view of the tasks of life work, community, and love. This increases the discrepancy between reality and the perception of it. An association of people with inferiority will prove hard as they will have different goal formations, intelligence, and superiority. (Kirwan, 1984) As seen from the description, this applied to Sallie in that she was born of a perfectionist mother who laid very high standards for her children. The mother developed anxiety and depression after the birth of Sallie probably as a result of being an extra female child considering the female child undervaluation. The undervalue led to neglect of Sallie and at the affective stage, she developed feelings of neglect, the cognitive stage she learned the negative part of interdependence then at the behavioral stage these feelings of neglect, lack of belonging, and unfairness of life were translated into behavior development and feelings of hate towards the community as also the father distanced himself and did not feel kind to her either. She was often spanked and the mother was angry at her leading to further development of inferiority and imperfection. (Kirwan, 1984) Having had average development but not being allowed to have friends will make her grow to have the problem of pu
Nursing theory is a demanding and innovative way of forming concepts to have an orderly view of an incident. The middle-range theories offer proposals and ideas, nursing policies, and an increasing theory-based tactic. There are three major types of middle-range concepts: descriptive, explanatory, and predictive theories (Fawcett & Garity, 2009). The descriptive theory is the first and most basic one created through expressive study techniques, which may either be qualitative or quantitative. It helps to identify what is similar in groups, circumstances, occasions, or characters. The explanatory theory is the second type used to define the relationship between ideas (Gray et al., 2017). This concept also demonstrates the degree to which an idea is related to another, and it is formed and verified by linked research which is mostly numerical in presentation. The predictive theory is the third one created and confirmed through investigation (McEwin & Wills, 2019). This concept goes beyond the descriptive and explanatory as it helps to show how variations happen in a phenomenon. The Hypothesis from the Middle Range Theory As an example of a practice project, the hypothesis will be taken from the mid-range principle of holistic treatment. The first premise is that there is a connection between the patient’s confidence and quality of life or well-being (Jacelon et al., 2011). Second, there is an association between a client’s spiritual activities and their health during illness. Third, there is a recurrence between the sick person’s emotions about spiritual satisfaction and the value of life in their holistic understanding (Fawcett & Garity, 2009). The central concept is an interdependence between all-inclusive treatment and patient quality of life or welfare. The mid-range concept of medical practice integrates the model as a framework of four interpersonal versus non-relational hypotheses (DeSanto-Madeya & Fawcett, 2009). Therefore, nursing is only concerned with the four non-relational and relational premises of the metaparadigm. Application of Middle Range Theories in Health Care Delivery Phenomena Middle range theory enriches nursing ideas by providing tangible organized interpretations of variables that guide the nursing and nursing knowledge development (McEwen & Wills, 2019). The middle range theory provides a focus on research, an objective, and focuses for a study. Through the speculative outlines and guidance to research, the nurses are able to form foundational knowledge. Research is vital to direct evidence-based practice involvements for better patient results. In middle range theory, the features of the proposals are clearly indicated, due to which enhanced decisions can be made for health care patients. The middle range theory offers the nursing students with concepts of specific areas in nursing. Though the ideas are limited, they still help on adding to their knowledge. The theory also contains all the necessary l