ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
History is one of the most controversial spheres in the world. It is so because it allows for offering the completely opposite interpretations of the same situations. For example, a war can be a proud moment for one country, while another nation can consider it the most tragic event. Simultaneously, the rise of an empire can bring higher benefits to the wealthy population, while the middle-class workers assess this process negatively because they are exploited. That is why it is a typical case that the United States and some European countries face criticism regarding their past attitudes toward other nations and peoples. Some experts believe that the US and Europe should pay reparations to those they oppressed, while others state that there is no credible reasoning behind this claim. The paper will introduce the example of Britain and India to justify that Europe and the USA owe reparations and refute a leading counterargument to prove this point of view. Justifying the Reparations To begin with, one should comment on the connection that was between India and Britain. It refers to the fact that this Asian country was under British rule for 190 years. This time was not prosperous for the nation because “there was no increase in India’s per capita income from 1757 to 1947” (Davis, 2001, p. 311). It means that local people’s standard of living did not rise under British rule. This statement becomes even more surprising when it appears that India witnessed cash-crop booms and exported opium, cotton, and rice (Davis, 2001). However, one can say that this period provided Britain with entirely different outcomes. The European country strengthened its economy, which allowed it to become the world’s leading industrial and commercial power and hold global economic supremacy in the 19 th century (Parsons, 2019). It is possible to suppose that the colony essentially helped Britain achieve this goal because the empire is said to drain out “over $45 trillion from India” (Sharma, 2018, para. 1). It means that Britain significantly enriched its resources at the Asian colony’s account. It is reasonable to clarify why the European nation followed the strategy above. According to Buck-Morrs (2009), that time witnessed as Europe actively dealt with slavery. Merchants and other wealthy people significantly benefited from the cheap labor force. This fact denoted that this practic
Glimcher Realty Trust is a real estate investment company. It is located in Columbus, Ohio. The company trades on the New York Stock Exchange with a ticker symbol of GRT. The Trust went public in 1994. The company develops, owns and manages a variety of shopping malls. The Trust has established a portfolio that is made up of regional malls, open air centers, fashion outlets, and community shopping malls. Currently, the Trust manages about twenty four shopping malls within the United States. Herb Glimcher established the Trust in 1959 (Glimcher Realty Trust 1b). Currently, he is the chairman of Emeritus of the Board of Trustees. The company has grown tremendously since its inception from a family-owned business to a public company. Besides, it has expanded its portfolio through acquisition. Also, it has aligned its products and services to the standards set by the competitors in the market. The top five key players in the industry are Simon Property Group Inc., Westfield Group, General Growth Properties Inc., Link Real Estate Investment Trust, and British Land Co. PLC (ABC News Network 1). Based on the market capitalization and net income, the company performs dismally as compared to the competitors and the industry average (The New York Times 1). The table presented below shows the performance of top competitors based on the market capitalization and net income.    Company                            Market capitalization ($millions)  Net income 1  Simon Property Group Inc.          46,503                             1,253      2  Westfield Group                    20,173                             1,432      3  General Growth Properties Inc.     18,906                             257        4  Link Real Estate Investment Trust  11,254                             21,062     5  British Land Co. PLC               10,211                             599        6  Industry average                   4,646                              659        7  Glimcher Realty Trust              1,408                              20          Source of data – Morning Star Inc. 1. Therefore, it can be observed that the position of the Trust in terms of market capitalization and net income is lower than the industry average. The paper seeks to carry out a financial analysis of Glimcher Realty Trust. Financial analysis This section of the paper will review the financial position of the company. First, it will review the growth of various balances reported. Secondly, it will carry out a ratio analysis. Summary of income statement and balance sheet The table presented below shows the balances reported in the income statement and balance sheet for 2011 and 2012. It also shows the percentage change of the values.                                             2011       2012       Percentage change                                             $000’      $000’                        Total investments in real estates           1,754,149  2,187,028  24.68%            Total assets                                1,865,426  2,329,407  24.87%            To
The Most Appealing Ideas Expressed by the Authors In the book titled Classroom Assessment for Student Learning , the authors focused on decomposing the process of assessment and then reviewing its different components is separate chapters. One of the most interesting ideas promoted by the authors is the adjustment of the educators’ expectations as to the final result and achievements of the learners. In particular, this aspect presents itself as a problem when unrealistic expectations of a teacher serve as the basis for the established assessment. In such situation, the students are likely to fail the test and be given poor grades that essentially would not reflect the actual level of performance and, consequently, my lead to the teacher’s failure to set the new requirements and form the further instruction appropriately. Another idea expressed by the authors that I found particularly fascinating is the one about “student-friendly language”. The concept of the student-friendly language is used by the authors to refer to the teaching communication style that will allow a higher level of mutual understanding between the teacher and the learners. Moreover, this language is expected to include special techniques helping the teachers to get their point across to the students, reason with them without having to become an autocratic educator. Also, speaking the student-friendly language, a professional could become better at motivating the learners to work on their tasks and projects – a skill that is extremely valuable in the educational setting. In my opinion, teaching has to be based on the learners’ willingness to receive and use the offered new knowledge, and that is why I believe that the ability to persuade the students to cooperate is very useful. The Implications of the Ideas in the Book for Me as an Educator The major implication for me as an educator that this book has involves a better understanding of the nature of assessment that, in turn, allows a deeper vision of the tasks and objectives included in assessment practices. In addition, as a complicated activity, assessment requires careful and thoughtful management. In that way, the second implication of the book on my practice as a teacher is the provision of an opportunity for me to develop a smarter and more detailed perspective on different aspects of assessment. In particular, reading this book could potentially enable me to recognize the learning and assessment needs on my students and thus set more appropriate assessment tasks. Moreover, the authors mentioned that assessment strategies are very diverse and for a professional to be able to select the techniques that are the most suitable for his or h
Introduction The science of web analytics involves the collection of internet data, its scrutiny and further exposure in order to fully understand and optimize pages on the web. This is done in order to create better user experience for people surfing the web for information. Web analytic is wide but two primary categories of this science exist, offsite and on site analytics. When it comes to offsite analytics, analysis and reporting is open and is neither based as to whether you own nor maintain the site. Calculation is done on the basis on the potentiality of the web site to attract web surfers. A web site that is highly attractive is considered to have a better opportunity. The website is also judged against its ability to be visible through its creation of buzz around it. There are many websites that simply survive because of the buzz it creates within the realms of the online world. It has been shown by (Jellassy and Enders 2002) that Onsite analytics use calculations such as the frequency of new visitors to your site and conversion rates from the landing pages. This simply means that purchases done on the site are driven by which specific landing pages. Other variables measured when it comes to onsite analytics are, commercial context ability of the site and how this ability can be used in marketing. Generally the performance is measured against key performance indicators. Different vendors have come up with tools that can do both offsite and on site web analytics. These products have been used by companies in order to rate the performance of their companies websites. The range of these products has increased overtime and the price has also reduced as the competition has increased. During the early days, companies used to rate the performance of their website solely by the number of hits that the site enjoyed. Another factor that used to drive up ratings was the number of pictures on the website. Soon the companies realized that pictures have a way of slowing down the download speed hence resulting in poor user experience. Visitors to the website ended more annoyed as they wasted their valuable time waiting for all the pictures to download. These days, companies are using data collected from the web metrics as a valuable source for business intelligence. Analytics tools are used to calculate the rate of returns on advertisement campaigns placed on websites. Statistics on the type of customers that normally visit their websites can also be collected and the company can use this data to come up better ways of utilizing their channels of communication. Companies can also identify impediments that visitors face when it comes to making crucial decisions such as buying of goods on the website. Big Companies spend millions of dollars to get this information and service providers have been contracted in order to make use of this information and come up with better strategies that will eliminate the bottlenecks normally associated with making purchases over the web. It has been argued (Greenstein and Vasarhelyi 2005) that metrics collected could have information on the number and type of visitors that are within the di
History of EU’s use of Food Law The establishment of food law is connected to the multiple cases of food poisoning in the 1990s. As a response to that, European Commission developed a White Paper on the Food Safety the provisions of which were enacted in Food Standards Act of 1999. The latter states the main provisions of the establishment of the Food Standards Agency, including its purpose, aim, and powers. In 2002, European Parliament and European Council designed and approved regulation No. 178/2002 also known as General Food Law Regulation. This basic document creates a legal framework in relation to food for the EU and national governments. Later, in 2004 the EU Regulation 882/2004 on official controls for feed and food law was adopted. It oversees and regulates the compliance of companies with the food law. After that, the EU focused on passing laws that targeted specifically animal feed, food agents, chemical safety, and other details. The overtime change in the EU food regulation gradually moved from general provisions and establishment of frameworks, policies, and controlling agencies to regulating the production, consumption, and import of certain products to the Union. For instance, as it was mentioned above, the EU started from a whitepaper and Food Standards Act. In 2009, EU Commission developed a list of rules for inspecting animals and products of animal origin regulating the sphere of import and consumption of meat products. EU’s Food Law is not a Part of Health Law   * EU health law targets primarily people’s health in terms of usage, production and import of quality medications and health services. For instance, part 3 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union mentions only protection of mental and physical health and how various agencies and legal mechanisms will establish it. No specific reference is made to food.   * In court case C-24/00 – Commission v France the court ruled that France was unable to fulfil the requirements of the EU as per establishing the regulations on food supplements. The essence of this argument is that even if a chemical substance inflicts health damage or at least rises health concerns, it must be listed in documents pertaining to food supplements regulation, and not as dangerous chemicals within the framework of health policies.   * Recent lift of the ban on Redbull was debated from positions of health law and food law at the same time. According to Toxicity Commission and health authorities taurine and caffeine was claimed to be present in dangerous amounts, which undermines health and wellbeing of individuals. The case of death of a teenage boy who had 4 bevera
Summary In this case, there is a necessity to analyze the results of the survey conducted for a commercial cleaning company. The purpose is to research the dependency between the quality of service and the number of worker hours spent in the customer’s facility. This paper will discuss a scatter plot created based on variables provided and a linear regression model to explain the variation and show the hypothesis test result. Discussion of A Scatter Plot A scatter plot or scatter graph is one that utilizes dots to represent the values of different variables. There are two variables in this case: the rating of work and the number of hours spent. To begin with, it is necessary to decide which of the variables is dependent and which one is the independent one. Based on the rule that the independent variable is the cause, while the other one is an effect, it can be stated that they are time and rating, respectively. Therefore, in the chart, time (x – variable) is located on the horizontal axis while rating (y – variable) is on the vertical axis. The tendency can be built using Excel’s tools to outline a dependency between the variables. As can be seen from Figure 1, the tendency tends to grow, which shows the positive correlation between the two variables (Yi, 2019). Therefore, the type of relationship is a positive one as well. The equation of the tendency is y = 1,0617x + 66,711. A Scatter plot is a valuable tool for providing a simple insight into dependency between two variables. Figure 1. A Scatter Plot. Discussion of a Linear Regression Model The development of the linear regression model was done through a regression tool. There is the output that shall be considered to interpret the result. Multiple R amounted to approximately 0,915, which is a relatively high value, and as it is above zero, it indicates a positive and strong relationship between two variables, as well as the previously explained tool, does. The coefficient of Determination (R squared) value amounted to 0,83815, which implies that 83,8% of y-values are defined by x-values. The standard error amounts to 3.8%, which is a relatively small value that means that the result of the analysis has a considerable chance of being correct. Then, analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated the level of variability within the regression model. Significance F value equals 0,00000437, which is considered a low one as values greater than 0,05 suggest utilizing other predictors or show that the dependence between two variables is weak (Bevans, 2020). Residentials, or the differences between the observed values of the dependent variable and the predicted value, reveal that the outlined above equations, which are expected to predict the dependency between two variables, do not completely fulfill the function (Because, 2020). The part of the variability that the model explains is significant compared to the unexplained one, as the residentials that reflect the errors are relatively low and support the model’s strength
Introduction In the scope of the Sociology field experience, I have visited the Ridge Community Church. As I hold no specific faith or denomination, I chose this particular institution for the activity. It was a fulfilling experience that let me understand the perspectives of a social group other than mine. I aimed to observe the symbols and identify the specific cultural features of this religious community. The worship service was conducted online to keep attendants safe in pandemics. In this report, I describe my experience in a detailed way, highlighting the points in which I have noticed cultural peculiarities and stratification. Main text I felt my ethnocentrism at first as I tried to evaluate the meaning of the worship events and procedures from the point of my beliefs and experience. Although I respected their backgrounds and religions, I initially did not understand the reason behind the faith of people who regularly attend this kind of event. Given the diversity of people participating in those activities, I concluded that the key factor for their unity was their loyalty to the common idea. My judgment can be biased because it is heavily based on my convictions. Moreover, I have not noticed the labor division across gender attributed to traditional sex roles. Even though I had limited involvement in the activity due to online participation, which is different from physically meeting with people, there are no signs of gender inequality. Both genders, as well as children, can contribute to the development of the church and the accomplishment of its missions. Generally, I found that most people were supportive of each other and were eager to share their stories. Before this experience, I was convinced that the church attendants persistently try to turn people into their faith. This thought was the reason for me to treat the assignment skeptically. However, despite my stereotypes and fears, the participants of the event were leading conversations on the common topics with some moments of acknowledging their God. The video materials showing the architecture of their buildings proved that the Ridge Community Church has symbols inherent to Christianity, which depicts the central object of their worship. I felt that the community there was welcoming and inclusive, especially when the church leaders put forward the idea of helping the families suffering from systematic racism. I was especially touched by one of the organization’s claimed values, which states ‘be close to the far’ (
Introduction Communication has been defined as the exchange of information between two or more persons or between one or more groups. For the communication process to be said to be complete, there are some elements that must be present which include the sender of the information, the message, channel of communication, the receiver and the feedback from the receiver. The manner in which information is presented is highly dependent on the medium as well as the channel of communication. This discussion seeks to study the difference between presenting information face to face versus an online environment. Face to face presentation When presenting information on a face to face basis, it means that the audience that you are addressing is present at the forum. Therefore one has to maintain facial contact with the audiences by looking at them and addressing them directly. Another way that presenters of face to face information recognize their audiences is by the use of gestures which have different meanings and which are well understood by the audience. Another method that presenters use in face to face forum is by engaging the audience either by asking them some questions which they answer or by requiring them to respond in a particular way (Rees, 1996. P.17). It is obvious that if this information was to be presented online, the presented would have to adjust a little, Firstly, engaging the audience will not be possible as the audience is not present when the information is being presented. This means that the presenter may have to look for other ways to ensure that the crowd is engaged without requiring them to make responses. The other aspect is that when making a face to face presentation and requires using material to do so, you can distribute the material to the audience. This is not the case with online presentation where you may have to scan the material and post it online for the audience to access. This is actually one of the challenges that online presentation poses. When making a presentation whether face to face or online, it becomes important to establish a relationship between your audience and yourself known as a rapport (Begley, 2004. p.12). A rapport ensures that there is easiness between the audience and yourself as you relate. This makes your presentation easier as it helps you present the information as though you were presenting it to your peers. It is always easier to create a rapport in an oral or face to face presentation than it is to create it in an online presentation. The reason is that in the former case, the audience is well known and perceived and thus the presenter can know which tact is to use to create the rapport. In online presentation, a presenter cannot quite de