ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The fascinating article “The Naked Citadel” by Susan Faludi explores the hidden world of early 1990s cadets in a school that, until the admittance of Shannon Faulkner, was an all-male military school. Through Faludi’s research she discovers the innate homophobia and sexism in the school. This article provides us with a glimpse into the nature of human beings, and the behavior that inevitably comes out when group mentality leads people to fear the non-familiar. In this case, Faludi reveals the inner-turmoil of cadets hiding hazing trauma, forbidden love, sexual harassment, and more, and simultaneously allows us to reflect on how we interact with people who are different than us. Faludi takes us through the average day of a cadet, from the dress code, to classes, to their relationships with other cadets, to night life. Everything in the Citadel is defined by its purity and exactness. The cadet shirt tuck is one of extreme precision. The boundaries and rules are incredibly tight to enforce the strict image of the ideal cadet. Because of this, the cadets derive a sense of safety, conformity, and strength. They see the Citadel and its members as a type of long standing brotherhood that has always represented loyalty to country and strength. The boys see the Citadel as a fortress in which they find refuge from the civilian world that is full of temptation, distraction, injustice, and senselessness. They feel that they can find security and discover the extent of their own abilities. Allowing a female to enter the ranks is considered, by many of the cadets, an intrusion on the sanctity of the Citadel. In fact, Faulkner faces a fight to bring down legal barriers that the school presents to keep her away. Faludi finds that, among other things, one of the most important factors at the school is the all-male bathrooms and showers. “Weighing heaviest on the cadets’ minds, it turned out, was the preservation of the all-male communal bathroom. The sharing of the stall-less showers and stall-less toilets is ‘at the heart of the Citadel experience,’ according to more than one cadet” (Faludi 64). The cadets insist that this is an integral part of the Citadel, that promotes the lifestyle that they want the cadets to follow—one of trust in one’s fellow man and the sense that everyone is together working towards the same goal. Hazing is another serious issue that Faludi explores during her time at the Citadel. Reports of serious and violent hazing have been present for decades, accusing cadets at the school of such heinous acts as exhausting students with exercise, excessive drinking, physical abuse, even death threats. Faludi mentions that “the Board of Visitors overruled the expulsion of a senior cadet who had reportedly been threatening freshmen with a pistol” (Faludi 71). This is central to Faludi’s argument that the Citadel was encouraging this behavior simply by allowing it, and that
The Sources of Conflict in the Case The case of a quarrel between two colleagues from one corporation contains several sources of conflicts because the Educational Pension Investments (EPI) firm’s senior partner’s assistants offered their superior to hire his acquaintance (Birkmire, 2011). Michael, an individual who was new to this organization, had his understanding of different marketing strategies’ righteousness. Moreover, it seems like he has the perfect image that he is ready to adjust to any company or firm that employs him. He is a young and ambitious man who wants to realize his innovative ideas and build a successful career. Although Michael is a valuable employee with the best recommendations from his previous superiors, he does not have enough experience to run the entire investment firm. Another character in this case study is Daniel. He has been occupying the highest position in EPI for an extended period, and he knows every aspect of this business. In fact, he invited Michael because his partners thought that this broker was able to modernize EPI and could help the organization gain more profit. In my opinion, the primary source of this case stud
Introduction: Water Supply in the XXI Century. Threats and Opportunities The nature-vs.-nurture conflict will, probably, never go away. Posing a number of ethical questions to the entire population of the Earth, it persuades people to make choices that define the quality of their future life. The question regarding water quality and supply is one of such dilemmas. Despite the fact that in the XXI century, environmental awareness was raised considerably and the exhaustion of resources was mentioned several times as the key threat to not only major industries and enterprises, but also to civilians, with the lack of bare necessities being the possible threat, the misuse of water resources still remains a major issue. Sustainable use of the existing water resources can be seen as a more reasonable alternative to the issue under discussion. However, in addition to the environmental approach, an adequate economic strategy must be provided so that the costs for sustainability should not skyrocket immediately afterwards. Regarding the Motivation: Health Concerns, Environmental Issues and Technology The motivations for the given paper to be produced are rather simple. Living in the world of consumerism, most people are used to use the sources provided to them without thinking of what the possible aftereffects of excessive use of the given sources may lead to. While in case with renewable resources, the problem concerning excessive and thoughtless abuse of the existing sources may not be as complicated as one may think it is, with the resources, the mount of which is restricted, resource abuse will eventually lead to a catastrophe. More importantly, the given catastrophe will occur not only on environmental level, but also on a range of other levels, including social, socio-cultural, political, and, primarily, economical and financial levels. Current State of Debate: Silencing the Problem or Searching for the Solution? It would be wrong to claim that at present, the issue regarding the use of water, water supplies, water pollution, and other related issues, is not being discussed. On the contrary, there have been a number of complaints concerning the misuse of water and its scarcity. Moreover, the concerns about water pollution have
Introduction The thoughts of Alfred Schutz and George Herbert Mead in the concept of the other have made impacts in the field of sociology and social psychology. The concept of the other is among important aspects of thought that these scholars share amid other contributions in sociological lines of thoughts. It is said; though, that the concept of other was not the foundation thought of Schutz but it has been applied to mend loopholes at some strategic moments in justification of arguments. On the other hand, the concept is part and parcel of coining the thoughts of Mead and Cooley in relation to human conduct and socialization. According to Hamilton (1992), “The work of the labeling theorists is then taken to illustrate the value of the concept as used by Mead and Cooley, with some changes.” This essay is going to look at the thoughts of Alfred Schutz and George Herbert Mead and in so doing, come up with the differences and similarity of their theories. Alfred Schutz Alfred Schutz is considered the greatest phenomenologist having related the thought of Edmund Husserl in the field of sociology and social sciences in general. Among his works, is the “Phenomenology of the Social World” which became the basis of Max Weber’s contribution to economics and sociology. His efforts in sociology earned him reputation among his fellow scholars in Austrian school. Following Hitler’s annexation of Austria, Schutz fled to the United States as an immigrant back in 1939. It is while in the US that Schutz developed his thoughts that made impacts in social sciences studies. Among the fields his work contributed to are: logical empiricism and American pragmatism. Some of his famous sociological thoughts are conversation analysis and ethnomethodology which became foundation of new movements. Alfred Schutz’s Phenomenology Theory Schutz identified three chapters in the discussion of philosophical literature in between the introductory section and the conclusion chapters. To begin with, he applauded Max Weber’s opinion on the value-freedom and superiority of science and other fields including politics. Schutz commended Weber for turning down the idea of reducing social science to natural science while at the same time allowing the notion that their ideals be testable for adequacy. Schutz added to Weber’s idea by asserting that interpretation is involved in selecting experience in an individual’s line of experience. From the experience, the meaning of an act as stipulated by an actor depended on a given project that guides extended temporal process resulting from the sub-acts; hence, its realization. The criticism of Weber’s idea meant that Schutz would develop his own thought in the concepts of meaning, and action. To begin creating his line of thought, Schutz began with Husserl’s work on consciousness of internal time; more so, consciousness’ ability to capture a reflective distinction of lived experience which at initial stage seem as undefined phrases that interrelate to one another. Finally, he was able to come up with manuscript that was published under the title, “Life Forms and Meaning Structure.” The manuscr
Children the ages of 0-5 are at a stage in which development is taking place. At this age a Child’s cognitive, emotional, physical and social development is taking place. How a child learns determines what he/she becomes at the later stages of life. A child at this age becomes more curious to know what it sees. Proper care is vital and strict observation enhanced to monitor the activities the child engages in. consequently, it is important to understand how children, this age learn. With all these factors put in place, one should ask the following questions: is the child growing up mentally? is the child under stress? How is the child socializing? And how is the child’s physical development? This paper is a literature review of how children learn. This is important because it assists a parent to put up right measures to ensure that a child does not learn negative things that will eventually lead to negative development. It is of importance to know what the goal of this research is. To be precise, the main objective is to see proper ways to bring up a child under the age of five years through the learning process. This research will emphasize on some key points that will be used in the learning process. The development that occurs at this stage is, cognitive, emotional, physical and social. The research goes on to offer the reader with ways of how to achieve effective learning process in your child’s life. The mental capabilities of the child forms at this age and so encouragement and motivation should be shown to the child. To add on, children copy traits from the adults. They also go on ahead to imitate languages and specific words. At around one year you will notice that some words you say are imitated by a child. What does this mean? A child has the capability of listening, storing the data and executing it in something spoken. To begin with, it is of importance to know what constitutes a child’s cognitive development. Hughes (1995) explains it as the functions of the brain such as thoughts, learning, consciousness, verdict, and dispensation of information. This he says is a vital development that healthy children will undergo normally as they learn and grow. A child at this time needs to be helped to understand size, color, and shapes, identify numbers, have the reading capability, and know how to say the first and last name. Furthermore, the listening skills are vital; also motor skills are part of how the child learns. Hughes goes on further to give different ways of making this stage develop accordingly. In her research, she says that for preschoolers usually ages 0-5 need to undergo training so as to ensure positive cognitive development. People close to the child should assist the child in comprehending things. In the case of knowing size, a child should differentiate between big and little, long and short and generally match objects based on size. So as a matter of fact, it is true since many if not all the children in their early life do comprehend and know sizes of objects and things that they see. A child learns also through sensation and movement. These, according to Gallahue (1976) is called the sensorimotor st
The representation of culture is significant in defining human behavior. It forms the basis of determining the acceptable and unacceptable cultural norms within society. The social discourse is to be corrected while the desired habits are reinforced for the good of humanity. As such, analyzing and interpreting the representation of culture and power are critical in recommending a desired behavior pattern within society. The common doctrines, beliefs, and practices of the community representing culture can be defined from several perspectives and are discussed as follows. Raymond William’s View of Culture as a Sense of Life Raymond’s perspective of culture as a ‘whole way of life’ cannot be disputed (Raymond 1983, p. 25). The interpretation of modern civilization has been seen to extend certain aspects of social inequalities. In his view, Raymond recommends a holistic approach to addressing the social vices of every society. He states that the modern civilization’s disruptive nature undermines the personal freedom, beliefs, and ideas of people (Raymond 1983). To address the inequalities associated with the wrongful representation of culture, the larger community must reconsider all the facets of cultural norms in identifying a specific sense of life. For instance, it would be appropriate to deconstruct the current meaning of life to determine the merits and demerits associated with the misguided interpretation of what an ideal culture ought to be. An individual must be aware of their environment and learn and observe the pattern of recommended norms in testing and articulating cultural perfection. For example, Raymond pinpoints that the current education is disruptive in reflecting the art as a fundamental facet of human tradition (Raymond 1983). As a result, his ideas contravene the current practice of extending education to all children. He further opposed the endemic individualism, business, and urban growth in contemporary society. His sentiments are supported by the view that culture has been illogically defined along the narrowed perspective of the benefits of education, individualism, and urban growth. Interpreting the human norms along these three dimensions of culture creates a social inequality between the intellects and ordinary society members. As such, the working class has a separate social institution from the larger community. When those social structures are assumed to represent the entire society, the community’s regular members will consume a wrong perspective of an ideal way of life. In such a society, the mea
Introduction The author critiques the major character of the novel, The Female Quixote. On the one hand, the article depicts the main character of the novel as a deviant woman whose desires drive her to contravene society’s norms and values. On the other hand, she sets female discourse in motion. As such, she emerges as the heroine for the entire society. Despite her obsession with romantic readings and tales, Arabella provides women with an entry point to power. The author illuminates contradictory aspects that surround Arabella’s life. An example of these opposing perspectives would include reality and idealism, reason and hysterics, romance, and the readings among many others. The author amplifies themes that portray Arabella as a social nonconformist and a disgrace to society. Her beliefs contravene medieval British society and as such, she ought not to be the heroine of the book and tend to concur with this notion. However, the theme that comes out clearly entails the roles that the female gender played in medieval British Society. In the novel, Arabella plays the role of a woman who contradicts the prevalent social values and norms in order to provide an avenue where women could have equal opportunities as men. Indeed, she desires to live by the rules of romance and fiction rather than conform to the 18th century’s reality, customs, and beliefs that were monotonous. This makes her a deviant person
Matching structure to strategy Organizational structure is critical, especially in decision making. It defines the reporting relationship in an organization. More precisely, it determines the accurate positioning of command and how they interrelate with each other. Different companies have different organizational structures to meet their objectives. For instance, the organizational structure that works best for Apple Company may not be useful for a food processing firm. Furthermore, organizational structure changes with changing circumstances. In this essay, we critically evaluate and match the organizational structure of Walt Disney to specific strategies that are aligned with organizational objectives. Walt Disney applies a diversified strategy (related and unrelated) to achieve its goals and objectives (assignment 3.2). For instance, the company uses a related strategy to acquire businesses in the same production line to expand and increase sales in the long-run. Walt Disney applies a related integration strategy to acquire related firms such as Jim Henson Studios. This company has enabled Walt Disney to increase cash flows and support continuous growth. The company also uses an unrelated diversification strategy to enhance the creation of a robust strategic portfolio (David, 2015). Moreover, the diversified approach enables Walt Disney to realize the economic scope through proper allocation of resources to investment that creates value for shareholders. Walt Disney also applies a focus strategy in Porter’s five generic strategies (assignment 3.1). Disney concentrates on a particular market niche targeting a specific age group. For instance, Walt Disney focuses on young kids and their families. More so, the company has concentrated on creating an emotional connection between theme parks and their guests. Focus strategy enables Disney to charge a premium price for its product. Walt Disney has a functional organizational structure based on specialty areas. Specifically, the organization is arranged in functional business units such as marketing, finance, and management. In Disney, all functional and departmental heads are expected to report to the CEO. This structure can best fit differential strategy where specialists are assigned as departmental heads in all functional departments. The professional understands and reviews workers’ performance to ensure it is aligned with organizational goals. Different management team heads the different division of Walt Disney. The functional organizational structure matches with differential strateg
Introduction Feminism refers to a movement and a set of ideologies aiming at identifying and defending the political, economic, and social rights of women in society. In particular, the major role of feminists is to advocate for equal chances for women in education and employment. Concerns of feminism emanated from imaginations of various people who sought to comprehend the nature of gender inequality through the understanding of social roles and various positions of individuals in society (Gwyn & Margo, n.d). Even though there are varieties of feminists, the major aim of all feminists is to fight for the rights of women in society. These aims include the fight for the reproductive and bodily rights of women. In this regard, feminists argue that women should be given the freedom to make decisions touching on their health without and prejudice or imposition of such decisions to them (Holland & Cortina, 2013). In the attempt to lay a fundamental mechanism for understanding how gender roles are socially constructed within a society, feminism has created a new interpretation of gender and sex. Consequently, this paper aims at discussing how the theoretical perspectives of feminism and patriarchy have been historically developed. Putting into consideration the above raised issues surrounding the discussions of feminism, this paper specifically extends this debate to shed light on how theoretical paradigms of feminism are received by women and other people who subscribe to the feminist school of thought. The paper also argues that, despite the fact that a number of women fight for gender equality, they do not support feminist objectives. Surprisingly, these women fail to consider themselves as feminists. However, they portray male characteristics of superiority (patriarchy) in different aspects of life. Therefore, as revealed in the paper, women should not only uphold feminist activities, but also accept their positions as women to ensure that they have equal participation in various social, political and even economic building of their countries. Defining Feminism The term feminism is deployed to refer to a variety of beliefs and ideologies whose main concerns are campaigning equal rights of women. Many of the issues that affect the lives of women attract some ethical and moral concerns from various people. For instanc