ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Binary stars are recognized to be important in driving the dynamical evolution of stellar systems and also in determining some of their observational features. In this study, we explore the role that binary stars have in modulating the estimates of the velocity dispersion of stellar systems. To this aim, we developed a tool which allows to investigate the dependence of synthetic velocity dispersion on a number of crucial quantities characterizing the binary content: binary fraction and the distributions of their mass ratio, eccentricity and semi-major axis. As an application, we evaluate the impact that binary stars have on the estimation of the dynamical mass of dwarf spheroidal and ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, finding that it can be particularly relevant, especially for low mass and low density systems. These results bear profound implications for the interpretation of the measured velocity dispersion in such systems, since it weakens or relieves the claim for the need of large amounts of dark matter.
In this article we investigate two free boundary problems for a Lotka-Volterra competition system in a higher space dimension with sign-changing coefficients. One may be viewed as describing how two competing species invade if they occupy an initial region, the other describes the dynamical process of a new competitor invading into the habitat of a native species. For simplicity, it is assumed that the environment is radially symmetric. The main purpose of this article is to understand the asymptotic behavior of competing species spreading via a free boundary. We derive some sufficient conditions for species spreading success and spreading failure. Moreover, when spreading successfully, we provide the long time behavior of solutions.
This paper is devoted to investigate the cold plasma wave properties. The analysis has been restricted to the neighborhood of the pair production region of the Kerr magnetosphere. The Fourier analyzed general relativistic magnetohydrodynamical equations are dealt under special circumstances and dispersion relations are obtained. We find the $x$-component of the complex wave vector numerically. The corresponding components of the propagation vector, attenuation vector, phase and group velocities are shown in graphs. The direction and dispersion of waves are investigated.
Resonant photoluminescence excitation (RPLE) spectra of a neutral InGaAs quantum dot show an unconventional line-shape that depends on the detection polarization. We characterize this phenomenon by performing polarization-dependent RPLE measurements and simulating the measured spectra with a 3-level quantum model. This analysis enables us to extract the coherence between the two exciton states from the measured spectra. The good agreement between the data and model indicates that the interference between coherent scatterings from both fine structure split exciton states is the key to understanding this phenomenon.
Pride (1994, Phys. Rev. B 50 15678-96) derived the governing model of electroseismic conversion, in which Maxwell's equations are coupled with Biot's equations through an electrokinetic mobility parameter. The inverse problem of electroseismic conversion was first studied by Chen and Yang (2013, Inverse Problem 29 115006). By following the construction of Complex Geometrical Optics (CGO) solutions to a matrix \Schrodinger equation introduced by Ola and Somersalo (1996, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 56 No. 4 1129-1145), we analyze the reconstruction of conductivity, permittivity and the electrokinetic mobility parameter in Maxwell's equations with internal measurements, while allowing the magnetic permeability $\mu$ to be a variable function. We show that knowledge of two internal data sets associated with well-chosen boundary electric sources uniquely determines these parameters. Moreover, a Lipschitz-type stability is obtained based on the same set.
Marginally stable circular orbits (MSCOs) of a massive test particle are investigated in the spacetime geometry of Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence. For that matter we consider three important scenarios where the equation of state parameter $\omega_{q}$, has one of the following forms (i) $\omega_q=-1$ (ii) $\omega_q=-2/3$ and (iii) $\omega_q= -1/3$. The existence of such marginally stable circular orbits in these scenarios depend on the range of normalization factor $\alpha$. Briefly, we show that in the first case such orbits exist only if $0<\alpha<4/16875$. Moreover in the second case which is a special Kiselev black hole it is found that MSCOs exist when the value of the normalization factor satisfy $0<\alpha\leq 0.00536165238$. In the last case the MSCOs are also shown to exist.
New solutions of $SU(N)$ ${\cal N}=4$ SYM on $\mathbb{R}^4$ interpreted as spinning self-intersecting extra dimensions are discussed. Remarkably, these backgrounds lead to a low-energy sector with 3 generations of chiral fermions coupled to scalar and gauge fields, with standard Lorentz-invariant kinematics. This sector arises from zero modes localized on the rotation axes, which are oblivious to the background rotation. The remaining modes are not described by a Lorentz-invariant field theory and are mostly "heavy", but there is one sextet of tachyonic excitations. Assuming that the latter get stabilized e.g. by quantum effects, we argue that different rotation frequencies would induce a VEV for some of the low-energy scalar fields. We discuss configurations which may lead to a low-energy physics not far from the broken phase of the standard model.
We present a mechanism to efficiently pre-select the number of intrinsic many-body states that are used to define the many-body wave functions within the discrete Generator Coordinate Method (GCM). This procedure, based on the proper definition of a natural basis of orthonormal states, does not require the evaluation of the non-diagonal Hamiltonian kernels to do the selection and helps to reduce the numerical instabilities. The performance of the method is analyzed in detail in the ground state and $0^{+}$ excited states of some selected nuclei computed with the Gogny energy density functional.
Mutual learning process between two parity feed-forward networks with discrete and continuous weights is studied analytically, and we find that the number of steps required to achieve full synchronization between the two networks in the case of discrete weights is finite. The synchronization process is shown to be non-self-averaging and the analytical solution is based on random auxiliary variables. The learning time of an attacker that is trying to imitate one of the networks is examined analytically and is found to be much longer than the synchronization time. Analytical results are found to be in agreement with simulations.
We exhibit an algorithm to compute a Dirichlet domain for a cofinite Fuchsian group Gamma. As a consequence, we compute the invariants of Gamma, including an explicit finite presentation for Gamma.
When a three-dimensional material is constructed by stacking different two-dimensional layers into an ordered structure, new and unique physical properties can emerge. An example is the delafossite PdCoO2, which consists of alternating layers of metallic Pd and Mott-insulating CoO2 sheets. To understand the nature of the electronic coupling between the layers that gives rise to the unique properties of PdCoO2, we revealed its layer-resolved electronic structure combining standing-wave X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio many-body calculations. Experimentally, we have decomposed the measured valence band spectrum into contributions from Pd and CoO2 layers. Computationally, we find that many-body interactions in Pd and CoO2 layers are highly different. Holes in the CoO2 layer interact strongly with charge-transfer excitons in the same layer, whereas holes in the Pd layer couple to plasmons in the Pd layer. Interestingly, we find that holes in states hybridized across both layers couple to both types of excitations (charge-transfer excitons or plasmons), with the intensity of photoemission satellites being proportional to the projection of the state onto a given layer. This establishes satellites as a sensitive probe for inter-layer hybridization. These findings pave the way towards a better understanding of complex many-electron interactions in layered quantum materials.
Continuous-variable (CV) cluster states are a universal resource for fault-tolerant quantum computation when supplemented with the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) bosonic code. We generalize the recently introduced subsystem decomposition of a bosonic code [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 040501 (2020)], and we use it to analyze CV cluster-state quantum computing with GKP states. Specifically, we decompose squeezed vacuum states and approximate GKP states to reveal their encoded logical information, and we decompose several gates crucial to CV cluster-state quantum computing. Then, we use the subsystem decomposition to quantify damage to the logical information in approximate GKP states teleported through noisy CV cluster states. Each of these studies uses the subsystem decomposition to circumvent complications arising from the full CV nature of the mode in order to focus on the encoded qubit information.
Let $I_{m}$ denote the Euclidean ray transform acting on compactly supported symmetric $m$-tensor field distributions $f$, and $I_{m}^{*}$ be its formal $L^2$ adjoint. We study a unique continuation result for the normal operator $N_{m}=I_{m}^{*}I_{m}$. More precisely, we show that if $N_{m}$ vanishes to infinite order at a point $x_0$ and if the Saint-Venant operator $W$ acting on $f$ vanishes on an open set containing $x_0$, then $f$ is a potential tensor field. This generalizes two recent works of Ilmavirta and M\"onkk\"onen who proved such unique continuation results for the ray transform of functions and vector fields/1-forms. One of the main contributions of this work is identifying the Saint-Venant operator acting on higher order tensor fields as the right generalization of the exterior derivative operator acting on 1-forms, which makes unique continuation results for ray transforms of higher order tensor fields possible. In the second half of the paper, we prove analogous unique continuation results for momentum ray and transverse ray transforms.
We study the gravitational collapse of prestellar sources and the associated evolution of their chemical composition. We use the University of Grenoble Alpes Astrochemical Network (UGAN), which includes reactions involving the different nuclear--spin states of H2, H3+, and of the hydrides of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, for reactions involving up to seven protons. In addition, species-to-species rate coefficients are provided for the ortho/para interconversion of the H3+ + H2 system and isotopic variants. The composition of the medium is followed from an initial steady state through the early phase of isothermal gravitational collapse. Both the freeze--out of the molecules on to grains and the coagulation of the grains were incorporated in the model. The predicted abundances and column densities of the spin isomers of ammonia and its deuterated forms are compared with those measured recently towards the prestellar cores H-MM1, L16293E, and Barnard B1. We find that gas--phase processes alone account satisfactorily for the observations, without recourse to grain-surface reactions. In particular, our model reproduces both the isotopologue abundance ratios and the ortho:para ratios of NH2D and NHD2 within observational uncertainties. More accurate observations are necessary to distinguish between full scrambling processes---as assumed in our gas-phase network---and direct nucleus- or atom-exchange reactions.
We reviewed X-ray flux and spectral variability properties studied to date by various X-ray satellites for Mrk 421 and PKS 2155-304, which are TeV emitting blazars. Mrk 421 and PKS 2155-304 are the most X-ray luminous blazars in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. Blazars show flux and spectral variabilities in the complete electromagnetic spectrum on diverse timescales ranging from a few minutes to hours, days, weeks, months and even several years. The flux and spectral variability on different timescales can be used to constrain the size of the emitting region, estimate the super massive black hole mass, find the dominant emission mechanism in the close vicinity of the super massive black hole, search for quasi-periodic oscillations in time series data and~several other physical parameters of blazars. Flux and spectral variability is also a dominant tool to explain jet as well as disk emission from blazars at different epochs of observations.
In this paper a bisingular pseudodifferential calculus, along the lines of the one introduced by L. Rodino in [12], is developed in the global setting of a product of compact Lie groups. The approach follows that introduced by M. Ruzhansky and V. Turunen [13] (see also V. Fischer [5]), in that it exploits the harmonic analysis of the groups involved.
We present the results of deep optical imaging of the radio/$\gamma$-ray pulsar PSR J2043+2740, obtained with the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). With a characteristic age of 1.2 Myr, PSR J2043+2740 is one of the oldest (non recycled) pulsars detected in $\gamma$-rays, although with still a quite high rotational energy reservoir ($\dot{E}_{\rm rot} = 5.6 \times 10^{34}$ erg s$^{-1}$). The presumably close distance (a few hundred pc), suggested by the hydrogen column density ($N_{\rm H} \lesssim 3.6 \times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$), would make it a viable target for deep optical observations, never attempted until now. We observed the pulsar with the Large Binocular Camera of the LBT. The only object (V=25.44$\pm$0.05) detected within ~3" from the pulsar radio coordinates is unrelated to it. PSR J2043+2740 is, thus, undetected down to V~26.6 (3-$\sigma$), the deepest limit on its optical emission. We discuss the implications of this result on the pulsar emission properties.
In recent work, Sun constructed two $q$-series, and he showed that their limits as $q\rightarrow1$ give new derivations of the Riemann-zeta values $\zeta(2)=\pi^2/6$ and $\zeta(4)=\pi^4/90$. Goswami extended these series to an infinite family of $q$-series, which he analogously used to obtain new derivations of the evaluations of $\zeta(2k)\in\mathbb{Q}\cdot\pi^{2k}$ for every positive integer $k$. Since it is well known that $\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=\sqrt{\pi}$, it is natural to seek further specializations of these series which involve special values of the $\Gamma$-function. Thanks to the theory of complex multiplication, we show that the values of these series at all CM points $\tau$, where $q:=e^{2\pi i\tau}$, are algebraic multiples of specific ratios of $\Gamma$-values. In particular, classical formulas of Ramanujan allow us to explicitly evaluate these series as algebraic multiples of powers of $\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^4/\pi^3$ when $q=e^{-\pi}$, $e^{-2\pi}$.
We study the identity projectors of the string field theory in the generic BCFT background. We explain how it can be identified as the projector in the linking algebra of the noncommutative geometry. We show that their (regularized) trace is exactly given by the boundary entropy which is proportional to the D-brane tension.
We study the build up of quantum coherence between two Bose-Einstein condensates which are initially in mixed states. We consider in detail the two cases where each condensate is initially in a thermal or a Poisson distribution of atom number. Although initially there is no relative phase between the condensates, a sequence of spatial atom detections produces an interference pattern with arbitrary but fixed relative phase. The visibility of this interference pattern is close to one for the Poisson distribution of two condensates with equal counting rates but it becomes a stochastic variable in the thermal case, where the visibility will vary from run to run around an average visibility of $\pi /4.$ In both cases, the variance of the phase distribution is inversely proportional to the number of atom detections in the regime where this number is large compared to one but small compared with the total number of atoms in the condensates.
An approach to quantum gravity and cosmology is proposed based on a synthesis of four elements: 1) the Bekenstein bound and the related holographic hypothesis of 't Hooft and Susskind, 2) topological quantum field theory, 3) a new approach to the interpretational issues of quantum cosmology and 4) the loop representation formulation of non-perturbative quantum gravity. A set of postulates are described, which define a (\it pluralistic quantum cosmological theory.) These incorporates a statistical and relational approach to the interpretation problem, following proposals of Crane and Rovelli, in which there is a Hilbert space associated to each timelike boundary, dividing the universe into two parts. A quantum state of the universe is an assignment of a statistical state into each of these Hilbert spaces, subject to certain conditions of consistency which come from an analysis of the measurement problem. A proposal for a concrete realization of these postulates is described, which is based on certain results in the loop representation and topological quantum field theory, and in particular on the fact that spin networks and punctured surfaces appear in both contexts. The Capovilla-Dell-Jacobson solution of the constraints of quantum gravity are expressed quantum mechanically in the language of Chern-Simons theory, in a way that leads also to the satisfaction of the Bekenstein bound.
We present the analysis of the binary gravitational microlensing event MOA-2015-BLG-020. The event has a fairly long timescale (about 63 days) and thus the light curve deviates significantly from the lensing model that is based on the rectilinear lens-source relative motion. This enables us to measure the microlensing parallax through the annual parallax effect. The microlensing parallax parameters constrained by the ground-based data are confirmed by the Spitzer observations through the satellite parallax method. By additionally measuring the angular Einstein radius from the analysis of the resolved caustic crossing, the physical parameters of the lens are determined. It is found that the binary lens is composed of two dwarf stars with masses $M_1 = 0.606 \pm 0.028M_\odot$ and $M_2 = 0.125 \pm 0.006M_\odot$ in the Galactic disk. Assuming the source star is at the same distance as the bulge red clump stars, we find the lens is at a distance $D_L = 2.44 \pm 0.10 kpc$. In the end, we provide a summary and short discussion of all published microlensing events in which the annual parallax effect is confirmed by other independent observations.
We present a large-scale combinatorial-diagrammatic computation of high-order contributions to the strong-coupling Kato-Takahashi perturbation series for the Hubbard model in high dimensions. The ground-state energy of the Mott-insulating phase is determined exactly up to the 15-th order in 1/U. The perturbation expansion is extrapolated to infinite order and the critical behavior is determined using the Domb-Sykes method. We compare the perturbative results with two dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) calculations using a quantum Monte Carlo method and a density-matrix renormalization group method as impurity solvers. The comparison demonstrates the excellent agreement and accuracy of both extrapolated strong-coupling perturbation theory and quantum Monte Carlo based DMFT, even close to the critical coupling where the Mott insulator becomes unstable.
This paper surveys some recent results about Fourier--Mukai functors. In particular, given an exact functor between the bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves on two smooth projective varieties, we deal with the question whether this functor is of Fourier--Mukai type. Several related questions are answered and many open problems are stated.
We present the results of collaborative observations of three RR Lyrae stars (CX Lyr, NU Aur and VY CrB) which have a strong Blazhko effect. This work has been initiated and performed in the framework of the GEOS RR Lyr Survey (Groupe Europ\'een d'Observations Stellaires). From the measured light curves, we have determined the times and the magnitudes at maximum. The times of maxima have been compared to ephemerides to obtain the (O-C) values and from a period analysis of these (O-C) values, the Blazhko period is derived. The Blazhko periods of NU Aur (114.8 days) and VY CrB (32.3 days) are reported here for the first time and a more accurate period for CX Lyr (68.3 days) has been obtained. The three stars are subject to strong Blazhko effect, but this effect has different characteristics for each of them. When we compare the variations of magnitude at maximum and variations of (O-C) values with respect to the Blazhko phase, these variations are either in phase, in opposition, or even in quadrature.
The composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is an important issue in astroparticle physics research, and additional experimental results are required for further progress. Here we investigate what can be learned from the statistical correlation factor r between the depth of shower maximum and the muon shower size, when these observables are measured simultaneously for a set of air showers. The correlation factor r contains the lowest-order moment of a two-dimensional distribution taking both observables into account, and it is independent of systematic uncertainties of the absolute scales of the two observables. We find that, assuming realistic measurement uncertainties, the value of r can provide a measure of the spread of masses in the primary beam. Particularly, one can differentiate between a well-mixed composition (i.e., a beam that contains large fractions of both light and heavy primaries) and a relatively pure composition (i.e., a beam that contains species all of a similar mass). The number of events required for a statistically significant differentiation is ~ 200. This differentiation, though diluted, is maintained to a significant extent in the presence of uncertainties in the phenomenology of high energy hadronic interactions. Testing whether the beam is pure or well-mixed is well motivated by recent measurements of the depth of shower maximum.
Recently Alexander and Gulyaev have suggested that the apparent decrease in impact broadening of radio recombination lines seen at high principal quantum number n may be a product of the data reduction process, possibly resulting from the presence of noise on the telescope spectra that is not present on the calculated comparison spectra. This is an interesting proposal. However, there are serious problems with their analysis that need to be pointed out. Perhaps the most important of these is the fact that for principal quantum numbers below n = 200, where the widths are not in question, their processed generated profile widths do not fit the widths of the processed lines obtained at the telescope. After processing, the halfwidths of the generated and telescope profiles must agree below n = 200 if we are to believe that the processed generated linewidths above n = 200 are meaningful. Theirs do not. Furthermore, we find that after applying the linewidth reduction factors found by Alexander and Gulyaev for their noise added profiles to our generated profiles to simulate their noise adding effect, the processed widths we obtain still do not come close to explaining the narrowing seen in the telescope lines for n values in the range 200 < n < 250. It is concluded that what is needed to solve this mystery is a completely new approach using a different observing technique instead of simply a further manipulation of the frequency-switched data.