ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Those limitations and constraints imposed on presidential powers under both constitutional and public laws may be interpreted from positive and negative sides. For instance, the sole decision-making in support of the ratification of certain laws complicates the democratization process and is the manifestation of authoritarianism. Also, such an aspect of presidential activity as solving judicial issues and legislation regarding the correctional system are impossible without prior coordination with the official federal authorities, which hampers the enforcement of sentences. At the same time, some nuances, for instance, the inability to run for several terms, is a positive aspect that enables candidates to compete and strive to increase their credibility among people through real actions. If I had an opportunity to make some adjustments, I would suggest defining a range of issues where the President’s sole decisions would be limited. In particular, I would establish a system of interaction where appointed members of Congress would have equal voting rights because some pressing issues related to social, military, and other areas are worth general discussion. The absence of a criminal record should be one of the prerequisites for the appointment of the President of the United States. In case a representative of the government has penal stages in his or her biography, this person is not to be the guarantor of the Constitution and security of the country as a whole. Moreover, both conditional and actual criminal punishment should be barriers to obtaining authority and exclusive powers. Also, as an additional prerequisite, I would add a university degree in political science or other related disciplines. Constant discussions of economic, social, and other issues at the international level require appropriate preparation. Therefore, special professional training is an essential aspect of the President’s professionalism.
Introduction Thomas Suez, the president and general counsel of the MALDEF maintains that a comprehensive immigration legislation that is due to be drafted in congress in 2010 is still the organization’s main priority. In his speech in San Fransisco on 13 th November, he said that the new legislation should open way for undocumented immigrants in America to be documented with minimal penalties. He further continued to say that measures such as the right of gays and lesbians to sponsor partners, undocumented agricultural workers with five to seven years to gain legal residency and children who have entered US illegally as children to gain legal residency through collage admissions, should be entrenched in the legislation (Egelko, 2009). A comprehensive legislation that entails documenting illegal immigrants in the US is a step in the right direction for the country. This is due to the benefits that the country would accrue. In addition to this is the fact that, it would be in accordance with the respect for human rights that the country stands for. One of the most important benefits US derives from immigrants is labor force. A senator, Kennedy was quoted in the National public Radio in 2006 saying that for the US to be energized economically, socially, culturally and politically, it needed new and young workers with skills that the immigration brings. This is because America cannot provide its economy with the amount it requires and therefore has to rely on immigrants for their skills. The immigrants land the American soil with no money and in some case no language skills with hope for a better life for their children and families. They work hard and ambitious and abandon their traditions-bound roles in their native homes to make America it is. Growers groups in the country have complained recently of labor shortages due to strict immigration laws. This has led to some growers in Northwest last fall to loose a lot of investment due to lack of labor to harvest cherries and apples. Others in North Carolina did not plant cucumbers of fear they wouldn’t find workers (CQ Researcher, 2008 & Binswanger, 2006). Another issue raised by Suez and which is of great benefit to America is providing legal residency to illegal immigrant children through collage admissions. This is an issue that should be widely supported as many states have discriminated these children in provision of in-state tuition and loans. One such state is Virginia where law makers are determined to pass a legislation that bars in-tuition for illegal immigrants. The children had no input in the decision to migrate to the US but they are discriminated on this basis. Failure to access in-state tuition and students loans makes it hard to afford college and university education and therefore chances for improving their own lives are curtailed. They cannot return to their countries of origin since chances are that things are worse than here. As the chances for pursu
Introduction It has become usual to denounce Gandhi’s “fast-unto-death” defying the British Award. This slogan offered to divide electorates to Dalits, referred to as Depressed Classes, and the Poona agreement established 1932 as the biggest betrayal of the Dalits 1 .The discussions involving Ambedkar and Gandhi resulted in approving the deal as a negotiation between them. Instead, people perceive that Gandhi blackmailed Ambedkar into abandoning the plan of separating electorates to replace with reservation for Dalits. This concept importantly oversees the continuous efforts of the British agents to separate the citizens of India into several groups with particular issues at blockheads within them to deform the national movement. The Poona Agreement widely increased Dalits’ representation in the legislatures that led to Ambedkar greatly praising Gandhi and naming him Mahatma 2 . This name was because Gandhi offered a significant share for the Depressed class by reserving seats more than Ambedkar had requested. Although the British thought the Communal Award is okay to apply in Indian, Gandhi and Ambedkar disagree with it. This problem leads to the rising Poona Pact, which advocates for changes in the Award as discussed below intensively. The British Communal Award This Award was developed by British leadership considering their interests and oppressing the Indians. Ramsay MacDonald, the British Prime Minister, announced the Communal Award on August 16, 1932 3 . This Award led to separate communal Dalits’ electorates, Muslims, Sikhs, Europeans, Indian-based Christians, and Anglo-Indians 4 . This Award, assumed to provide the foundation for a reliable government in India through a public residence, was an authorized settlement that would divide the electorate of India. The Communal Award was built to separate electorates that the British rule had already been activated through the Morley- Minto reforms of 1909 and the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919 5 . This British did not involve the Dalits therefore, the Award only favoring themselves. This idea of divide electorates brought by British rulers in India petitioned the Indian society during the immediate steps of recent politics for elections. The Communal Award resulted in two or more nations’ theories 6 . Society’s wrangles during elections and in legislative councils were separate electorates because voters and the candidates were members of the same community. The candidates in the polls did not require votes from other societies, and the voters also tend to believe and vote to depend on their organization. Gandhi started thinking that dividing the electorate for Dalits would aid the colonialists to divide, rule, and exploit the people of India 7 . He possessed an inte
Theatre critic Kenneth Tynan once said, “No theater could sanely flourish until there was an umbilical connection between what was happening on the stage and what was happening in the world.” A theatre is a form of art that plays a significant role in our society. For a story to be loved and appreciated, it must be relatable to its audience; in the same manner, for theatre to be relevant, it must have a symbiotic relationship with society. “Even though we are all individual and unique in our own way, we are also the products and the producers of our society and our culture. The society and culture we grow up in is a part of us: what we do and the attitudes we take will either confirm the way society is or make changes in it. The arts are a visible demonstration and outward realization of our culture. The arts interpret cultural beliefs; often, the words are used synonymously.” (Mackey 208) Society and art are intertwined. Throughout history, each era has been a representation of the people’s thoughts at that time. The Renaissance, the Enlightenment and etc., are reflections of the thought incumbent in the minds of the people at the time. The works of art produced in those time periods reflect the cultural and societal implications. Out of all the forms of art, theatre is the closest to society. “Theatre is the most social of the arts. For example, social relationships are in action not only on stage and in the audience, but also in the relationship between what’s happening on the stage and the audience.” (Mackey 208). When a person is viewing theatre, they watch all the relationships that exist in society played out in front of them. Romeo and Juliet show the relationship between two lovers, and the person watching forms a relationship with what is being portrayed. The person either relates to it because that’s something he is familiar with or hopes to become familiar with. Theatre is surrounded by human relationships. It is set in an environment that is social, and it is presented in a social manner. (Mackey 208) Theatre is theatre because it is so relevant to society. Plato argued that the work of art is “thrice removed from the truth.” (Schweiker 8) On the other hand, Aristotle believed poetry to be a universal statement of truth. Looking at the larger picture and replacing poetry with theatre as the form of art, Plato’s argument is aligned with the notion that there must be a symbiosis between theatre and society. If we look at the theatre today, it is an impersonation of societal happenings. Plays can be differentiated by how their content is reflected as an affiliation to its society and the time period. For example, in May 1968, political events in Paris brought a change in theatre for that particular time period in the neighboring country. “Students and workers fought together for political change, and students occupied theatres and art galleries. This united action created a belief that society could be changed through the solidarity of
Introduction Today, the development of music technology depends on using a variety of audio processors to add and correct the definite sound effects, to produce a sound of a certain quality. Modern audio processors can be operated as plug-ins and work according to different types of software. The other processors can be used as the hardware to change the parameters of the sound. Different audio processors are used to add such effects as delay and reverb to the sound and correct latency. The aim of the report is to provide the description of such audio techniques and parameters as delay, reverb, and latency and examine the characteristics of the processors used to produce the associated effects. Audio Processors Used to Provide Delay Effects. Audio Delay Software Delay can be explained as the specific audio effect, which creates the repeating sound or echo. This effect is achieved with the help of regulating the signal line and making it to play back several times (Hodgson, 2010). Thus, the delay effect can be successfully controlled using certain audio processors. Audio delay processors can be presented in the form of hardware as the Universal Audio Delay Processor AD-340 or in the form of the software-based programs ( Universal Audio Delay Processor , n.d.). It is important to note that the first hardware delays were developed as analogues, which then were replaced with the digital systems. The software delay processors modelled on a classic device are used today by many musical engineers. It is necessary to pay attention to GNUitar audio processor, which can be used with the help of such programs as Pro Tools as the traditional guitar processor ( GNUitar, n.d.). The effect of delay is actively used by many pop and rock musicians to create the complex and impressive sound. Such software processors as GNUitar often provide a range of functions to create a number of audio e
The varied impacts of international events, particularly their apparent economic and business-oriented benefits, have provoked governments and private entities to utilize institutional frameworks and marketing executives to capitalize on such events (Stokes 2005). In recent years, international events such as the Olympics or World Cup soccer are increasingly been perceived by host nations and cities as catalysts for economic growth (Chung & Woo 2011; Emery 2002), image and reputation enhancement (Zeng et al 2011), and social and infrastructural development (Westerbeek et al 2002). To derive these critical advantages, however, governments should not only use all the marketing tools at their disposal to ensure they create international awareness but must also leverage their own investments and business relationships, alongside other major sponsors, to facilitate the successful promotion of the mega event (Stokes 2005; Cornwell 2008). The aim of the current paper is to further advance our understanding on the effectiveness of marketing concepts, especially public relations and relationship marketing, to the successful promotion of an international event. Using the example of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, the paper will touch upon the theoretical perspectives associated with the concepts of public relations and relationship marketing, and how these perspectives relate to the successful promotion of the Olympic Games. Specifically, the paper will evaluate the four models of public relations, 3Ps model of public relations, social exchange theory, and commitment-trust theory As acknowledged by Hamakawa & Elam (2011), “…the Olympic Games – which take place once every four years in various cities throughout the world – are a sporting spectacle that consists of some 10,500 athletes from more than 200 countries who compete in 28 sports over a period of 17 days” (p. 2). The sporting event is not only the largest and most prestigious of its kind but has the capacity to draw unprecedented opportunities for host countries to stimulate economic growth and enhance their image and reputation (Heslop et al 2010), as well as for marketers and sponsors to showcase their companies’ brand image to millions of dignitaries, tourists and ordinary citizens in attendance (Lee 2012). The justification to use the Beijing 2012 Summer Olympics derives from the fact that China was able to use its marketing prowess to catapult the event to new heights. Indeed, event scholars and mainstream commentators have all acknowledged China’s efforts as the first country ever to have succeeded in contracting an array of heavyweight corporate spo
You are discussing your career choice with some friends, one of whom is a Social Worker, one is a teacher and one is a psychologist. The Social Worker says: “well, CYC workers just mimic what we do anyways…”. How do you respond to this? I will probably disagree with your statement. I may be not very knowledgeable about all the nuances that constitute social work, but I would point out that the existence of different terms for different occupations would be expected to be meaningful. During my studies, I was introduced to a gender analysis of the language used to express the two professions. It suggested that the activities which are denoted as “care” are traditionally regarded as feminine ones, which means that in a patriarchal and sexist society, they are valued less than the activities that are denoted as “work,” which is a more “masculine” term. Your statement about CYC workers “mimicking” social work seems to prove some of these considerations. It appears rather derogatory: it could be interpreted to suggest that CYC workers are not as necessary. However, the fact that some of the tools used by the two professions may be similar does not mean that their aims and objectives are the same. I think that the use of the word “care” in CYC is meaningful without gender analysis as well. In effect, this term is central to our activities and multidimensional, which calls for its extensive analysis. In particular, Mark Smith (2007) provides an interesting examination of the implications for the terms “care for” and “caring about,” which denote the emotional and activity-related aspects of our work. Both are interrelated and interdependent and laced with multiple meanings. In my view, these meanings are especially relevant because of the specifics of our profession, the main of which is, apparently, the client. Children and youth constitute a group that has special experiences, strengths, and vulnerabilities, which implies that they need specific care. This care is the core of CYC work, which distinguishes our profession from other ones. The City of Toronto has approached you with some money to start a program that might address recurrent youth violence in a city park. You have been invited to a meeting to provide a brief, two-minute presentation about how you will proceed. The City bureaucrats are especially interested in how you
Introduction In a scientific research paper, researchers should put across different sections for the benefits of elaborating the work done. These components differ from one another and they include title, abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and figure legends among others. The purpose of title is to give the reader an idea on what is contained in the research paper. It contains captivating information about the research carried out, nomenclature of the field, the subject, and scope of the paper and variables used. The abstract re-establishes the research topic, gives its objective, points out the methodologies used, and gives main findings and a conclusion. Introduction gives the importance of the study, defends the model used in the study, and states the hypothesis and description of the experimental design. Additionally, it states how the stated objectives were accomplished. Materials and methods section gives a documentation of all materials, methods, and procedures used in the study. The purpose is to enable other people use the same materials and methods in subsequent studies or to evaluate the credibility of the work done. On its part, the results section functions to present and illustrate findings of the study. This includes a summary of the findings, description of the findings and data analysis. It also contains summary of control experiments and observations not presented in figures. Discussion offers a precise interpretation of results together with strong support for all conclusions made. Evidence from the experiment coupled with generally accepted knowledge is used to support the findings. Discussion also states whether the hypothesis is null or valid. Fina
Introduction The mental challenge of depression is crosscutting in affecting persons of all age levels, races, nationality, ethnicity, cultures and regions of the world. In as much as it affects adults even so it does afflict adolescents and young children alike. Childhood depression is mostly triggered by the prevailing psychosocial environment within the child’s vicinity. As such, the resultant pressure issuing from the immediate psychosocial environment may either obstruct or trigger the child’s mental wellbeing. It follows therefore that childhood depression can not only be considered to be the state of exhibiting prolonged, persistent and unpredictable cycles of an irritable and sad mood but also the state of minimal appetite on all pleasant undertakings. The afore mentioned afflictions are coupled with a broad range of negative outcomes which encompass reduced desire for food, sporadic sleep patterns, reduction of mental concentration, minimal level of performance in childhood development activities, and a lowered self – esteem. Therefore, childhood depression is that mental illness which inhibits and disrupts a proper functioning of reasoning, sensing, and acting faculties of a child (John, 2010, p. 1). The affliction of children by depression involves much more than the general attitude that most of us assume in considering childhood depression as a result of the child’s disappointment experiencing a challenging encounter within the course of the day. It is distinctly unique from the usual sorrow and grief which normally befalls those families which
Introduction The socioecological model (SEM) is a conceptual design that facilitates the interaction of various components to improve public health practice (Benner, Zimmerman, Bauermeister & Caldwell, 2013). Features of socioecological models include individual, physical environment, social environment, and policy environment. Socioecological models are applied to personal and environmental factors to further the understanding of human behaviour and the barriers to public health practice. Thus, the approaches influence the interaction of the individual with physical activities. This paper focuses on developing a visual representation of the SEM presented in the learning materials. In addition, it explains how the model can be used to inform the practice of public health. Developing a visual representation of the socioecological model The model provided in the learning resources has the following arenas:   * Arena 1: Individual socioeconomic circumstances   * Arena 2: Physical and cultural community environment   * Arena 3: Personal management of health   * Arena 4: Health care financing and delivery Apart from the four arenas, there are five components that are either linked or not linked to specific arena. However, it is important to note that the four components act together to influence the outcomes of public health. In other words, they influence each other (Benner et al., 2013). At the centre of the model is the individual component that is characterised by features such as education, income, gender, wealth and education. Benner and colleagues (2013) assert that individual factors such as education and gender could bring stresses in the environment that negatively impact adolescent girls. Common features of the component are the arena 1 and arena 2, which are determined by attributes of an individual. The interpersonal component represents how factors such as family, peers and neighbours could determine the health of persons in a community (Burgard & Lee-Rife, 2009). The organisations component that is shown in the model represents large groups of people that greatly influence health outcomes. Among these are schools, religious bodies, community groups and stores. For example, schools could be utilised as avenues for teaching young people