ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Positive thinking refers to the act of directing one’s mind to constructive thoughts that deviate from negativity and that are characterized by hope and expectations for better things in life (Quilliam, 2008, p.21). Its development involves constant practice and persistent efforts. Positive thinking is important in life because it helps manage and eradicate stress, gives more energy to carry out daily activities, improves relationships, creates peace of mind, fosters a healthy lifestyle and guarantees success (Farreer, 2004, p.18). In addition, it enhances personal happiness and fulfillment, gives hope of a better future and aids in time management and personal organization. Positive thinking is vital in management and eradication of stress in life. This comes from the habit of looking and handling things positively. It enables a person concentrate on things that create a better life and enables an individual let go of situations that are either wearisome and distressing (Peale, 2012, p.32). Stress comes from constant worry and frustration with life situations that do not serve a person’s purpose in life. Positive thinking leads to the realization that negative thinking creates more problems and complexities in life than are unnecessary. Positive thinkers are able to evaluate problems and come up with appropriate solutions while negative thinkers see problems and resign to fate because they consider them difficult and impossible to solve. Positivity keeps stress out of life and improves a person’s well being. Positive thinking improves relationships by making it easier to connect with other people. People hate negative thinkers because they focus their energies on the wrongs of life and rarely recognize the good present, which if acted upon, can improve life in a great way. Positive thinking helps build deeper and better relationships that are founded on trust, great understanding and support (Peale, 2003, p.54). In addition, this helps create a healthier lifestyle because being at peace with friends, family and society gives peace of mind that is important for a good life. It eradicates anxiety and fear because of the feeling of belonging and worth created by being at peace with every one (Peale, 2012, p.61). In addition, it creates a good mood that appeals and attracts others thus enhancing good relationships. Spending more time with positive people is important in creating better relationships. Good time management and organization is a direct result of positive thinking (Peiffer, 2002, p.77 ) . The inward organization of thoughts reflects the outward organization of a person’s life. As such, if a person organizes his thoughts through positive thinking, then he is able to organize other aspects of life. This organization improves efficiency and leads to good time management. A positive thinker has no time to waste because all activities are planned based on time allocated for those specific activities. Good time management can be achieved through pr
Introduction Psychotherapists have always preferred using placebos as a way of making their patients develop positive attitude towards a given medication. According to Harrington (1999), placebos are inert drugs given to patients in order to improve their psychological conditions while in the process of receiving physiological attention. Given that the drug is inert, it does not have any physiological effect on the patient. However, the patient will believe that the drug is functional, and they will develop a feeling that their physical condition is improving. This condition has always been described as placebo effect. Clinicians often use it as part of improving the psychological state of their patients. However, there has been need to find real solutions to patients who need physiological and psychological attention. For this reason, Perfect Sponsor has come up with a Wonder Drug that would be able to offer these patients real solution other than basing the treatment on false beliefs. This therapeutic agent will be able to help patients who have physiological problems that need therapeutic attention. Super CRO has been contracted to conduct Phase III North American registration trial in order to determine the safety and efficiency of this wonder drug. It is important to develop a clear plan of the activities that would be carried out before the project can commence. The plan must specify individuals who will be participating in various activities, and the time each activity is estimated to take. The project will target adults aged from 18 to 75 years. Site Selection Site selection will be the first activity that would be undertaken by the project members. Perfect Sponsor has stated that it desires to have 20 sites in Canada and another 20 sites in the United States. This means that the project will cover 40 locations in total. The first activity would be to select 20 individuals who live in the United States and another 20 in Canada. These forty individuals must be clinicians who have some administrative experience. They will be selected from the hospitals that have been sampled to participate in this project. In Canada, the participating hospitals will be Bassano Health Center, Oilfield General Hospital, Boyle Health Center, St. Mary’s Hospital, Our Lady of the Rosary Hospital, and Cochrane Community Health Center. Others include Daysland Health Center, High River General Hospital, Hinton General Hospital, Sacred Heart Community Health Center, Medicine Hat Regional Hospital, Milk River Hospital, Big Country Health Center, Raymond Hospital, St. Paul Health Care Center, Taber Hospital, Three Hills Health Center, St. Joseph General Hospital, Viking Health Center, and West Lock Health Center. In the United States, the participating hospitals will include St. Mary’s Hospital, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Duke University Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, UCFS Medical Center, Cleveland Clinic, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Indiana University Health Center. Others include University Hospital of Cleveland, University of Michigan Health System, Vande
Introduction In any given market, the process of resource allocation is the responsibility either of the market forces or of government through its interventions in the price mechanism. Each of these two forces plays an important role in resource allocations if allowed at their most appropriate times otherwise they become a bothers in the price determination process. The market mechanism heavily depends on the market forces of supply and demand in determining the prevailing prices of a commodity while on the other had the central allocation system determines the prices regardless of these market forces. Economists have come up with arguments in support and against these two players in the determination of market prices. However, one thing is clear; that the two forces are important in the economy thus best practice calls for the application of both mechanisms. This paper examines each of the two mechanisms, their roles, and their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, this paper relates these to a real scenario in UAE with the aim of establishing the sectors of the economy, and industries that fall under either mechanism. The market mechanism This mechanism asserts that the prevailing market prices must result from the operations of the forces of supply and demand. This imply that the market must obey the law of supply and demand, which states that, when no one has the power to set prices, the interactions between the forces of supply and demand is the sole determinant of the prevailing market prices (Fischer and Rudiger 1983). This means that, as the demand increases (shift of demand due to increased consumption) with the supply held constant, the prices of that particular commodity will go up. The vice versa of this is true, that as the supply increases with the demand held constant, the prices will decrease. The following illustrations show the relationships The shift in demand from D 1 to D 2 with the supply remaining constant will trigger an increase in price from P 1 to P 2 and an increase in quantity from Q 1 to Q 2 . This will push the equilibrium from E 1 to E 2 . Considering the illustration below, and increase in the supply (shift due to increased production) with the demand held constant will result to a drop in prices from P 1 to P 2 and an increase in quantity from Q 1 to Q 2 . This will push the equilibrium point from E 1 to E 2 Role of price Under this mechanism, pricing acts as an incentive to both the consumer and the producer. Thus, the role of price is to regulate the level of production. When the prices are high, this becomes an incentive for the producers to produce more but it discourages consumption from the consumer side (Myers 2004). Low prices increase the demand of a product. However, it forces producers to reduce their output due to their fear of incurring losses in their business. The ultimate result of this is that the forces will reach a point of equilibrium whereby, these forces push the price at equilibrium at a certain level of production and consumption (Barkley 1991). Besides, this method ensures the economy operates efficiently wi
Introduction The private sector plays a prominent role in assisting communities through their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs. Corporations should have the commitment to assist communities. All corporations should appreciate the people and communities that consume or use their products. Furthermore, they should participate in programs that seek to improve the environmental conditions in areas where they operate. Particularly, corporations whose business activities cause massive environmental pollution and natural resource depletion should implement sustainability programs. However, corporations’ implementation of CSR and sustainability programs is largely unregulated. Therefore, corporations opt to implement different CSR and sustainability programs, which they deem appropriate. Conversely, other corporations continue to generate massive profits without assisting communities or conserving their environment. Most importantly, the question is not a bout, which corporation is implementing what CSR programs but, whether or not such programs contribute positively to human development, human well – being, promotion of human dignity, and meaningful support to environmental conservation and ecological rejuvenation. Many corporations implement CSR progra
Promotion and IMC Advertising and promotion are two factors that determine the economic growth of this or that enterprise. Aimed at informing potential customers about products, product lines, brands, companies, services, and how to obtain them, advertising, and promotion are the best ways to influence public opinion. Media remains the most influential type of advertising. It can include wall paintings, billboards, web banners, shopping cards, newspapers, cinema and television ads, etc. The TV commercial is one of the most effective advertising formats. World Wide Web advertisements become more and more successful, advertising through e-mail is a modern phenomenon, ”guerrilla promotions ” is a recent advertising innovation. News, analysis, and data on marketing and media are frequently discussed in ‘Advertising Age’, the United States’ weekly magazine. The authors of the articles for this magazine conducted numerous researches concerning viewers’ engagement in advertising. The findings suggest that most of the viewers remain in a constant state of partial attention and always seek some interesting object to focus on. Therefore, advertisers need to create these objects to draw viewers’ attention. A recent article in Advertising Age states that, according to the research conducted by Omnicom Group’s OMD, “One engaged viewer is worth eight regular viewers” (Gerbal 2007). In the article we find: … not only does consumer engagement with media and advertising drive sales, but it also can drive sales more than media spending levels. That suggests even a relatively small media outlay could work wonders should the ads draw keen attention from consumers within media they also find engaging… (Gerbal 2007). The golden rule “engage the viewer and he or she will buy your product” was successfully followed by such an award-winning advertising campaign as an advert of Honda’s production (2004). This is a multi-award-winning television commercial known as “Grrr” and “Hate/Change”. The concept of the advertisement is based on the engineers’ hate for the diesel engine that led to the invention of a new diesel car engine. The two peculiar features of the advertisement were: 1. it concerned not only the product that was advertised but also the problem of environmental protection; 2. the campaign came out with an online flash-based game. One more example of a successful marketing campaign is the Mango airlines ad campaign which won an international award (2007). The African airline “made use of outdoor, print, digital media, broadcast, literature dissemination and activations to both acquaint consumers with the brand and educate the market on the airline’s affordable travel offering”. The result of the effective promotion was that “Mango carried its one-millionth guest in record time; had one of the largest e-commerce launches in South African online history; successfully launched Mango Plus – a world-first SMME business travel product and activated the unflown market that accounts for more than 20 percent of guests carried at this point”. Modern society is so overfilled with various types of advertiseme
Davis is a passion-driven character that would go to all lengths to realize his dream. The entrepreneurial spirit, born through exposure to the skating environment, has, however, been hurt due to the involvement of an overly ambitious character, Russell. Together, the two skaters were able to start a business from scratch and see it grow beyond their expectations. Russell, the overly ambitious gentleman, made a sour deal that saw the trust between the partners dwindle and ultimately led to the collapse of their skateboard making and selling business. Davis’ assessment pointed out to poor managerial skills. Though excellent in terms of financial control, Davis lacks confidence in launching a business. The deficiency has motivated him to go back to school with the hope of honing his skills in accounting and marketing. Davis understands that his success lies in his passion. In fact, he had bought a retail shop in Australia and succeeded. However, he found that his skills were not enough to propel a business to rewarding heights. Though he does not disregard a practical course, Davis knows the reward of pursuing passion and is confident of being successful as an entrepreneur in the skateboard market. The market environment is, however, different. The Calgary area is flooded with competitors and has approximately 20 outlets dealing with skateboards and apparel. At the same time, Calgary still requires an additional area to cater to demand, indicating projections for growth. Davis would like to seize the opportunity created by the anticipated growth but is in a dilemma on the nature of his new business and the brand to sell. He remains conscious of the blow on the previous establishment in the same area (Gardner, 2012). Should Davis re-open his new retail business under the same brand name, or should he create a totally new brand? There is a tendency, in marketing, to cling to a previously established name. Though Hot Shot Boards was a success, the brand name was used when in partnership with Russell. Starting the business afresh with the original name may pose some legal challenges since the ex-partner might lay claims. It is, however, notable that the name would be given preference since its reputation was not ruined. The partners were able to execute the contracts awarded. On the other hand, using Hot Shot Boards may limit the scope of his new venture. With the changing face of the business in the area, success would only be attained through diversification. His previous success in the field, as well as experience with manufacturing, would ensure that he can manufacture custom made boards that meet the desires of the clients. Retailers in the market rely on imported boards, which are of low quality. Consumers would relate better with boards made in their home area. At the moment, there is difficulty trusting the source of boards. Boards made in China are of poor quality. Davis can exploit that loophole in business to establish a new factory that guarantees quality at the hands of a seasoned skateboarder (Gardner, 2012). Given his experience in his past business,
“Understand Your Global Crisis: What the AIDS industry might learn from the population story” (Foley, E. E. & Hendrixson, A., 2009) Ellen E. Foley, originally from Fenton in Michigan is a renowned medical anthropologist in America. She got her undergraduate degree in Cultural Anthropology and Women’s Studies at Kalamazoo College. It is here that she graduated Magna Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa. Foley went ahead to do her doctoral work in Anthropology at Michigan State University. Since 1992, Ellen has traveled quite often to Senegal where she initiated research on health reform as well as women’s health. Her major interest was to establish how social differentiation may affect people’s patterns of seeking health through behavioral methods. In 2006, Foley was offered a job at Clark University where she has worked up to date in the International Development, Community, and Environment Department. Her topics of interest for research include; sexual health, reproductive health, and HIV/AIDS. Anne Hendrixson, on the other hand, works with William Fisher on dams and displacement research. She has had an opportunity to be the moderator of a panel on the “Politics of population control” at the Civil Liberties and Public Policy Program. Anne published an article with the Population and Development at Hampshire College which was entitled “What’s Wrong with the Demographic Dividend Concept?” Both Prof. Foley and Anne are affiliated to the International Center for Research on Women of Clark University and they do write articles for publications. In 2009, they co-authored a journal for the aids2031 Organization, which they are part of, entitled “Know Your Global Crisis: What the AIDS industry might learn from the population story”. In deed, the title reflects two distinct fields which they each represent! Their article was reviewed by the aids2031 Social Drivers Working Group. This essay seeks to critically present the content of the article written by Ellen Foley and Anne Hendrixson. This article centers on AIDS, the infamous disease of the 20 th and 21 st centuries that has kept all parts of world on their toes. The writing will then offer a conclusion regarding the article in general. The paper by Foley and Hendrixson mainly focuses on the need to place AIDS on a historical perspective just the same way as population is analyzed by the basis of periodic trends. It emphasizes the concept of addressing and responding to the AIDS pandemic on account of historic pandemics. This idea, according to the article, is informed by the way the world responded to the global crisis experienced just before AIDS, the population problem. The paper juxtaposes the relationship between the two problems. They; have a global scope, pose threats to global stability, are influenced by crisis intervention and short-term emergency solutions, are both countered by a uni
The debate on morality has been described by experts as emotive and controversial. This is partly because different groups have different perceptions of the two concepts that are entrenched in political, social, and cultural biases. For example, the discussion on whether the LGBT group should be granted a free space, similar to the one heterosexuals have in society, has elicited an unending argument in many parts of the world (Appiah, 2010). Religious groups assert that God created man and woman for them to complement each other sexually, both for enjoyment and reproduction. Such groups continue to argue that if that was not the case, then God would have created two men or two women. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion by attempting to give an insight into what constitutes moral and immoral behavior as well as the relationship that exists between morality and religion. The Definition of Morality The concept of morality has been dealt with in great depth by scholars from varied disciplines. Despite this, no consensus has been reached on the precise definition of morality as different people have their own unique views on the topic. Since there is no particular definition that cuts across all disciplines, how a person comprehends or internalizes issues relating to morality is highly determined by, among other factors, where they come from, their expertise, and their religious orientation. Their religious extraction further depends on the extent to which they are rooted in spiritual issues. Rachels and Rachels (1986) recognize the ambiguity that exists in the definition of morality. While the authors agree that
Introduction The conflict between Secular Zionists, Religious Zionists and Ultra Orthodoxy has been brewing for a while. Secular Zionists are traditionally defined as the proponents of the traditional Jewish religion and against Jewish nationalism, whereas religious Zionists are represented by the Jewish people aiming to restore Aliyah, i.e., the world that the Jewish people create as they return to the land of Israel. 1 Ultra Orthodoxies are traditionally referred to as those that refuse from any elements of secular life. Because of the lack of cooperation between the specified groups, a continuous conflict has been going on in Israel and is likely to spin out of control completely unless some sort of agreement is reached. Secular Zionists, Religious Zionists and Anti-Zionist Ultra Orthodoxy Identifying the source of the conflict, one must point to the complexity of the relationships between the opponents. Unlike most conflicts, which feature two sides of the argument, the one that can be traced in the identified setting involves three parties, each of whom is in conflict with the other two. The controversy of the issue echoes in Ushpizin , where the main character, having become a religious Zionist, draws a thick line between him and secular Zionists: “What do you want me to do? Start hitting people?! We became religious, we don’t behave that way.” 2 Similarly, Shapira comments on the difference between the opinions of the left- and the right-wing parties in the Yom Kippur War: “To the right the war and its outcome was a great victory, the likes of which had not been seen since 1948.” 3 In light of the evident discord between the representatives of different branches of the Zionist movement, the consistent confrontations between Zionists and the Orthodoxies are expected, though undeniably deplorable. Ignoring the conflict only leads to its further aggravation, which means that a solution must be suggested as soon as possible. A Jewish State vs. a Democratic State The lack of agreement on the issue regarding the current tendency for the Israeli politics to be focused on the Jewish culture extensively should also be interpreted as a stumbling block in the progress of the relationships between the identified denizens of the population. The Yom Kippur War, which, though being mostly political, also h