ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the recent past, a number of advancements in information technology have taken place in various aspects of business such as marketing, management, accounting, and sales amongst others. These advancements have continued to shape how entrepreneurs run their businesses. Notably, advancements in information technology are in the form of developments that have affected almost every aspect of businesses. Businesses and other related sectors that involve human interaction have experienced the impacts of information technology. Outstandingly, businesses can market, advertise, and sell their products easily if they employ information technology as part of their production system (Chang & Rajiv, 2002). Therefore, businesses are shifting their attention to information technology and embracing its advancements so that they can expand their market share and retain consumers. Fields such as marketing, accounting, and sales require information technology so that businesspersons can successfully reach their potential customers and convey the desired information. Information technology enables businesses relay information to individuals in a cost-effective manner. In addition, information technology uses communication media like televisions, radios, and newspapers when reaching out to a large number of potential customers easily and quickly (Baye, Morgan, & Scholten, 2003). Since modern customers emphasizes on the quality of products that a firm produces, businesses and companies employ information technology to enlighten potential consumers on the quality of their products. Through the advancements in information technology, businesses can increase customers’ awareness of products, persuade customers to purchase the products, and increase sales; hence creating phenomena that translate to an increased market share and revenues in a firm (Badrinarayanan & Laverie, 2011). Hence, this research paper evaluates advancements of information technology over the last five years in the fields of marketing, accounting, and sales, and consequently considers their potential impact on the electronic business. Research Findings Marketing and Information Technology Over the last few years, information technology has transformed marketing of electronic products. From the research, it is obvious that electronic businesses and potential customers use communication media such as social sites, television, radios, and mobile phones as means of satisfying their varied needs. Masrek, Karim, and Hussein (2007) argue that businesses employ communication media to market their products to potential consumers. The research also identifies that businesses use media like televisions and social sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to inform customers of the existing products, and thus persuade them to purchase the electronics (Gurrib, 2007). Therefore, through these media, businesses achieve t
Introduction Jason and David, the general and the vice managers of Carve Electronics’ Co., Ltd. branch in Zhoukou City, Henan Province, have been considering the ways to revise the company’s strategy due to the fact that the enterprise needs to regain its competitive advantage. The two managers have been working together for many years and have been driving the company to successful performance for a long time. In general, the Carve Electronics branch in Zhoukou City was established in 2009. It has over 1800 employees, and its registered capital equals 50 million RMB (Zhoukou Carve Electronics, n.d.). Please, refer to Tables 1 and 2 for more details (Appendix). The Chinese enterprise has been one of the leaders in electronics productions throughout the years; however, for the past couple of years, it has experienced a particular decrease in sales. This has emerged due to the lack of innovation and ineffective approaches, which has resulted in the gap between the leadership and the staff (Bolman & Deal, 2008). Therefore, Jason and David are deeply concerned about the ways to boost company performance, increase the efficiency of the employees by stressing their core competencies and promoting a stronger collaboration, and, in general, to ensure Carve Electronics branch in Henan Province can attain its competitive edge again (personal communication, February 6, 2017). In addition, it is assumed that innovative approaches to leadership and enhanced collaboration with the employees and among units would ena
Introduction South Korea is officially known as the Republic of Korea. Korea traces its founding to 2333 BCE by Dangun Wanggeom. Archeological research shows that Koreans occupied the peninsula since the lower Paleolithic period with territories expanding as far as Mainland China and eastern Russia during the Gojoseon period. Korean history has been turbulent throughout the last empire of Korea dating back to the age of the Korean Empire. Since the establishment of the modern republic in 1948, South Korea struggled with the after match of the Japanese control (Nahm, 1996). South Korea had one of the most economic developments in the world since the 1960s and is now the third-largest economy in Asia and the twelfth largest economy in the world. Many developing nationals refer to this progress as the miracle on the Han River. It is also one of the world’s most technologically and scientifically advanced countries. It is the only country in the world having nationwide 100Mbps Broadband internet ACCESS, full HDTV broadcasting, DMB, and 3rd generation HSDPA. It is currently the most wired nation in the world, with 90 % of homes connected to cheap broadband internet (Nahm, 1996). Economy South Korea is a major international economic power. It has the twelfth largest (list of countries by GDP) in the world and the third-largest in Asia, behind Japan and China. Its largest trading partner and export market today is China. South Korea has achieved rapid economic growth through exports of manufactured goods and is one of the four Asian tigers. Major industries in South Korea today are automobiles, semiconductors, electronics, shipbuilding, and steel (Nahm, 1996). In the 1950s South Korea was one of the poorest countries in Asia. This was partly due to the destruction of much of the countries infrastructure during the Korean War. After the war, South Korea became heavily dependent on U.S aid. Following the military coup led by general park Chung-hee in 1962, South Korea embarked on a series of ambitious five-year plans South Korea for economic development similar to the macroeconomic schemes of the Soviet Union. Emphasis shifted to foreign trade with the normalization of relations with Japan. The South Korean model of encouraging the growth of large, internationally competitive companies through easy financing and tax incentives led to the dominance of the family-controlled conglomerates. These companies known as the chaebol flourished under the support of the parking regime. Some such as Hyundai motor company, Samsung and company became global corporations. In 2004, South Korea joined the trillion-dollar club of world economies (Seoul, 2004). South Korea’s economy is characterized by moderate inflation, low unemployment, an export surplus, and a fairly equal distribution of income. Today there are several strong South Korean industries. Its largest automaker, Hyundai motor company, and its subsidiary KIA motors are the sixth-largest car group in the world. Its shipbuilding industry is also the largest in the world (Seoul, 2004). Demography Most South Koreans live in urban areas; due to rapid mig
Introduction A stereotype is a comparatively firm and oversimplified event that occurred at the beginning of a group of people in which all persons in the group are categorized with the group distinguishing quality. Stereotypes can be classified according to racial groups, nations, sports groups, and eyeglasses wearers. To any degree or extent, these stereotypes can manipulate interactions, feelings, and anticipation. Sex-role stereotypes help in relating to differences between sexes. For this research, sex role stereotypes will be applied to Include in scope widely held assumptions about what females and males alike, as well as what they ought to be like. Questions have been asked whether there is proof that stereotypes are present and if they can be used to understand sex differences in cognitive abilities (Halpern, Diane. 237). Importance of psychosocial variables Gender is a very complicated variable on account that men and women do not have the same traits, characteristics not only biologically, but also in their life experiences. In particular, men’s and women’s characteristic state or mode of living tend to differ in ways that at least on the face of it, appear to have the relation to the matter at hand in observing gender difference. Environmental and social components play a major role in the cognitive development of every member of society. The question to ask ourselves is how the act of meeting for social practices and other life experiences that differ for males and females influence the ability to perform intellectual tasks. Though life experiences differ in organized ways depending on biological sex, it is believed that it is a statement of the obvious and that sex-differentiated socialization practices are a thing of the past. However, in most cases, men and women do the same sorts of things and sex-related differences in life experiences are either following logically as a consequence or nonexistent. Sex differences in cognitive abilities The encompassing described disagreement or argument in cognitive abilities are the superior presentation of women in tests of verbal skills and the superior presentation of men in tests of visual-spatial ability and mathematics Both the verbal and spatial differences have been connected either logically to differences in the rate, and hence the degree of localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain, even though theorists differ in detail. Nevertheless, some assimilators proposed that both differences arise from the discrepancy consequence of male and female hormones (androgens and estrogens) on brain activity, while others say that it is a superior spatial ability in men which is inherited. (Hartnett, Oonagh 19). Differences in sexes have been comprehensively researched. It was revealed that women are more skilled than men at converting code into ordinary language; nonverbal cues-in other words, better at understanding the meaning of other nonver
Introduction Different countries offer foreign tax credits to foreigners in keeping with the global tax system. The foreign tax credit can also be provided to individuals who are taxed in a different country. Therefore, non-citizens of a given country could be the recipients of a tax credit since they will be taxed in another jurisdiction. However, the foreign tax credit may be restricted to the amount of levy provided by foreign earnings (Reilly & Brown, 2008, p. 143). Various regulations affect the tax systems such as the rules required to deduct foreign income. The objective of this paper is to describe foreign tax credit and explain the reasons why countries give a tax credit to non-citizens. To achieve this goal, the paper shall first endeavor to describe foreign tax credit (Mishkin & Eakins, 2001, p. 89). In addition, the research paper shall also explore the reasons why countries give credit for taxes paid on foreign source income. Finally, the last section will be a summary review of the entire research paper. Description of foreign tax credit Foreign tax credits are sums of money paid to gratify the obligations of people within a foreign country. When an individual is given tax credit, this means that he/she is exempted from paying tax in a given jurisdiction on the understanding that they must pay tax to their country of origin. There are two available alternatives to a taxpayer in a foreign country (Revsine, 2008, p.108). To start with, an individual in a foreign country may choose to claim a foreign tax credit. Alternatively, such an individual may prefer to be exempted from paying tax on an item purchased. A person doesn’t need to stay or live in a country to be entitled to these benefits. Thus, an individual can equally benefit from these credits even if they do not live in foreign countries (Eiteman, Stoneville & Moffett, 2007, p.101). This especially applies to individuals who are privileged to acquire joint funds. These benefits can be claimed separately meaning that a person may choose to get a tax credit in a given year and the tax deduction the following year. One does not have to claim for both tax credit and deduction in one instance. Foreign tax credits are essential because they form a substantial part of an individual’s income. Unfortunately, the United States does not refund any money in case the foreign income tax outweighs the tax (Jordan & Miller, 2008, p.74). Reasons why countries give credit for taxes paid on foreign source income Countries normally give credits for taxes paid on foreign sources of income as a way of avoiding double taxation on an individual. This means that governments offer the credits as a way of preventing people from paying tax more than once. Unlike the rest of the world, the United States applies a global tax system that taxes its citizens living and working. Other countries also offer credit for taxes paid on foreign sources of income to ensure that individuals benefit from the deduction on items purchased. International finance invol
In the tragedy “Oedipus Rex,” Sophocles poses one of the most critical questions of his time – the will of the gods and the free will of man. Mythology, which served as the basis for ancient poetry, especially for tragedy, receives its own interpretation from each tragedian. Sophocles used the myth of the unfortunate King Oedipus to show the clash of the will of the gods and man’s choice. If in the tragedy “Antigone” Sophocles praises the human mind, in the tragedy “Oedipus Rex” he elevates man to an even greater height. It shows the strength of character, the desire of a person to direct life at will. A person cannot avoid the troubles intended by the gods, but the reason for these troubles is the character that manifests itself in actions leading to the fulfillment of the gods’ will. The free will of man and his doom are the principal contradiction in the tragedy “Oedipus Rex.” This tragedy dwells on the fate of Oedipus, the son of the Theban king Laius. As it is known from the myth, Laius was predicted to die at the hands of his own son. He ordered the baby’s legs to be cut off and thrown away on Mount Kiferon. However, the slave assigned to kill the little prince saved the child, and Oedipus (which means “with swollen legs” in Greek) was raised by the Corinthian king Polybus. As an adult, Oedipus, having learned from the oracle that he would kill his father and marry his mother, left Corinth, considering the Corinthian king and queen to be his parents. On the way to Thebes, he killed an unknown old man in a quarrel, who turned out to be Laius. Oedipus managed to free Thebes from the monster Sphinx. For this, he was elected king of Thebes and married Jocasta, the widow of Laius, that is, his own mother. For many years, Oedipus enjoyed the well-deserved love of the people. Then a pestilence happened in the country; the tragedy begins just from the moment when the choir prays to Oedipus to save the city from a terrible calamity. The oracle declared that the cause of this misfortune was a murderer among the citizens who should be expelled. Oedipus strives with all his might to find the criminal, not knowing that he is himself. When Oedipus became aware of the truth, he blinded himself, believing that this was a well-deserved punishment for the crime he had comm
Building the culture of dialogue tops the list of the most important tasks that a school teacher may possibly face. Traditionally defined as a shared endeavor for better understanding, a dialogue is especially important in the school setting, since it is closely connected with the process of self-expression, which students need to undergo in order to become efficient learners. However, in Saudi Arabia, a range of teachers working in the primary school setting, have discovered that the students are incapable of expressing themselves because of a poor culture of dialogue and the following lack of cooperation and understanding between a teacher and a student. It is assumed that the misrepresentation of the culture of dialogue in most of the Saudi Arabian schools, as well as the lack of opportunities for students’ self-expression, must lead to drastic results, including a significant drop in the students’ motivation and the following reduction in retention rates among the Saudi Arabian learners. Because of the inefficient culture of dialogue in the setting of Saudi Arabian schools students suffer from the inability to fulfill their potential and express themselves through learning; as a result, considerable drop in the rates of students’ motivation can be observed in Saudi Arabia schools. With the introduction of a better culture of dialogue, teachers will be capable of addressing the issues that each student faces individually; as a result, an impressive rise in the students’ creativity and, therefore, an increase in the quality of the students’ performance. The problem of self-expression as a result of the lack of creativity in classroom has been touched by a range of scholars in a number of researches. Though not necessarily referring to the students in Saudi Arabia, the aforementioned researchers have specified that creativity rates can and must be boosted so that students could express themselves through participating in classroom activities. Woods (1995), for instance, specifies that spurring students’ creativity at the earliest stages of their development is crucial; ore to the point, this is the primary task of the teacher, since students develop their own understanding of studying at the earliest stages of their evolution as learners; as a result, the learner’s behavior that young students accept at the given stage is imprinted onto their further learning process as an acceptable behavior model that must be reiterated when studying other disciplines. It is remarkable that most researchers prefer to focus on the issue of creativity, or the lack thereof, and, thus, suggest the methods of spurring creativity in young students. The problems in redefining the culture of a dialogue at school are, however, barely touched by most modern scholars. Such a disregard of an essential part of the school environment should be addr
In The Practical Skeptic, three major forms of stratification are described: Caste, Estate, and Class. Briefly describe the legitimating rationales that bolster each of these stratification systems In every society, people are divided into various layers based on their social status. The term stratification is used to describe these layers in sociology. However, the term was borrowed from the geological term stratum, which means layers. It was for the purposes of arranging people in the society in accordance to their social status and positions that social scientists borrowed the term. There are different forms of social structures in social stratification. In The Practical Skeptic, three major social stratifications are described and they include Caste, Estate, and class. The caste form of stratification is not very popular on a global scale, as it only exists in India. This system of classification states that an individual is born with a certain social position in life and nothing can be done to change it (Schwalbe 133). Caste is a derivative of the Portuguese word ‘Casta’, which stands for a group. This system dictates that when a person is born to a particular group, he or she remains in the same caste forever. Belonging to a caste is not by choice rather it is by birth and every caste has its own fixed social occupation (Schwalbe 109). Surprisingly, one cannot move upwards in the hierarchy of the caste system but through inappropriate behaviors such as criminal activities, one can move down the hierarchy. On the othe
Pregnancy is considered a uniquely feminine experience, which is both a bodily, individual experience, and a socially constructed situation. From a sociologically perspective, the phenomenology of bodily experience should be go apart from mental perceptions and should be based on the way body is understood in a social medium. Investigating personal experiences of pregnant embodiment, I decided to debate on existing stereotypes of pregnancy associated concepts, such motherhood, sexuality, childbirth, bodily changes and connect them to existing sociological frameworks to define whether they fit my bodily experience. In addition, I need to define whether there are certain peculiarities of bodily experience during pregnancy or not. Finally, there is also an interesting perceptive of considering pregnancy embodiment as limits for a body to engage into various activities. According to Shilling (2005), body is regarded as a source of society; at the same time, it cannot be considered exclusively an object. Indeed, I realize that body has extreme responsibility for all processes regulated within. Pregnancy is among those duties that a body should be in charge. This provides me with a source of situated experience; at the same time, I understand that bodily experiences should also be connected to meaning of the world construction. Biological changes make humans change their attitude to their bodies. The existing social stereotypes dictated by bodily experience allow me to understand the value of integrity of bodily process shaping a medium (Klent, 2000). I have always been thinking over the source of person’s decisions and abilities. For instance, how can a person understand that something is wrong with his/her organism? Personal experience make people interact and discuss development of social variation in acceptance or refusal of a body image (Uotinen, 2011). Indeed, the knowledge hidden under the bodily experience complements people’s decision. It shapes a sort of bodily consciousness that directs’ human incentives and needs. Being pregnant, I started searching for books, journals and resources to learn more about this condition to reassure myself that my personal experiences were “normal” and everything goes in accordance with the accepted norms. Hence, pregnancy conditions are largely identified by social stereotypes that shaped through bodily experiences (Kelly 2005; Oliver, 2010). On the one hand, objectivity presented in the concept of pregnancy is limited to the above-presented conception. On the other hand, there is also a feeling of subjectivity and alienation from the surrounding world. Indeed, Young (2005) explains, “split subject appears in the eroticism of pregnancy, in which the woman can experience an innocent narcissism fed by recollection of her repressed experience of her own mother’s body” (p. 46-47). Aside from the new roles and sensitivities, I felt a strong affiliation to the past experience when my body was not changing in such a quick manner. I realized that this state is temporal, but still I c