ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Jesuits refer to the members of the Society of Jesus, a Christian religious order of male representatives serving the Roman Catholic Church. The main purpose of Jesuits it to engage into intellectual research, education, and cultural pursuits. The Society of Jesus was founded by Ignatius of Loyola who compiled the Spiritual Exercises to help the members adhere to the philosophy of the Jesus Christ. The spiritual leader also described the main purpose of Jesuits that consisted in “advancement of souls in Christian life and doctrine and…the propagation of the Faith by the ministry of the Word, spiritual exercises and works of charity” (Hopfl 8). Hence, Jesuits have sophisticated ideology that covered political, legal, moral, and social contexts in which the Society of Jesus has lived. It is evident that Jesuits originally considered its main work related to level of piety and morality, as well as to the knowledge of doctrine of Catholic people. In the sixteenth century, the society was presented as a community of educated priest who were confident in the right interpretation of the Christian doctrine. Jesuits were imposed by special vows of chastity and responded to the Pope. Therefore, Rome had other tasks for Jesuits than teaching children the main religious underpinnings. Specifically, bishops and popes started engaging members of Society for influencing entire dioceses and performing the role of advisors for papal emissaries. Foreign missions became one of the main activities in which Jesuits were involved although missionary work must also be the duty of the religious adherents. The history of the Jesuits in the United States is marked by the suppression period that created challenges for the Society of Jesus to proliferate their doctrines. Specifically, in eighteenth century, post-suppression period was followed by the attempt of the Jesuits to protect the property from dissipation, adhering to religious purposing and maintaining the main Order of the Society. The restoration plan derives from the juridical rights implementation relating to canonical equity that determined the order of documents. Although the Jesuits’ community was suppressed in 1773, the Society continued its activities and mission aimed at sustaining Catholic doctrines (Hughes 601). Despite the hardships Jesuits had to overcome, their main principles have been maintained until the present time. Currently, the activities of Jesuits range from educational missionari
Administrative Agencies Administrative agencies are an important part of the governmental system. They could be defined as organizations, created for solving important social problems. These agencies interact directly with people from the society and provide them required services. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is one of the public agencies, related to the Department of Health & Human Services. The main purpose of this agency is “to protect America from health, safety and security threats, both foreign and in the U.S.” (“CDC,” 2014, para. 1). The agency’s functions are to detect and prevent dangerous disease spreading, to apply novel technologies, and to develop healthy behavior of the community. Main questions to the CDC:   * Does the organization provide funding for the healthcare researches? What are the criteria for research program preferences?   * What is the list of CDC’s actions in case of emergency? What legal measures could it take?   * What is the agency’s policy according to the vaccination? Does it have the power to oblige parents to vaccinate their children? Administrative agencies are important for the society due to its role in urgent social problems solving. These agencies provide their services directly to people in the community. Dealing with current problems directly, administration of the agency changes existing rules and regulations according to the particular issue to make it more efficient. Another important role of agencies is investigations and scientific researches. Agencies provide funding for research projects and apply the obtained results into the practice. However, some people believe that administrative agencies have too much power. This suggestion is based on the lack of regulation of these agencies work. In fact, administrative agencies have the power of legislation, execution, and judgment in the areas of their responsibility. It leads to the almost uncontrolled power of the administrative agencies. Regulatory Flexibility Act Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) was passed with the purpose to protect employees from the discrimination on the genetic information basis, in particular, on the basis of family diseases and inclinations. According to this act, employers have no rights to request the employee’s genetic information, share it among staff members or use it for the job transferring or firing. However, this act has some limitations, in particular, according to the health
Introduction Popular culture, which is popularly referred to as pop culture is the entirety of thoughts, points of view, approaches, reflections and other trends that are considered chosen per an unofficial accord within the conventions of a certain civilization. This has been the case particularly in regards to the Western society of the early to the middle 20th century and the up-and-coming international normalcy of the late 20th and 21st century (Browne, Ray & Pat, 6). The mass media has been very instrumental in swaying the populace to adhere to these trends. The expression ‘popular culture’ was made up in the 19th century and it was initially used to make reference to the learning and ways of life of the lowly in social class in the society. The present meaning of the expression, way of life for mass consumption, started off in the US and was instituted at the end of the Second World War. The truncated version, ‘pop culture,’ came later in the 60s decade. The persons who are mostly swayed and adhere to these trends are the youth. With modernization and the advance of technology, information and of all kind is relayed to every part of any nation, especially the first world nations like the United States. The people popular with the youth and teenagers are mostly those in the entertainment sector. These are musicians and movie stars mostly. The young people are keen to keep abreast with what these famous persons are up to and imitate their trends. Unfortunately, the lives of these celebrities revolve around practices that the grown and mature generation find morally wrong and harmful to whomever decides to follow that route (Browne, Ray & Pat, 34). Most of these celebrities that the youth are passionate about live reckless lives. Their day-to-day activities revolve around drug abuse, immoral sex, nightlife, unusual dressing, and unusual body decorations like tattoos, among others. These are some of the trends that the growing generation is always keen to keep up with. Immoral sex is one of those trends that are on the rise and the foremost consequence of this is an increase in teenage pregnancy almost everywhere.
When writing their book, The Sociological Theory Beyond the Canon , the central theme of authors – Vineeta Sinha and Syed Farid Alatas – was the biases of androcentrism and eurocentrism. These biases include a lack of attention for female thinkers and non-western sources in developing the sociological theory (Alatas & Sinha, 2017). A sociological theory is a hypothesis formed via thorough observation of people’s social reality patterns and interactions to explain why society behaves and functions the way it does (Montón-Subías & Hernando, 2018). According to Alatas (2021), the omission of non-European intellectuals in narratives of sociological theory’s history is especially noticeable by its effects on the development of sociology in the West. With this regard, the book’s authors rightly argue that the early recognized sociological theory taught in higher institutions worldwide gave more voice to male theorists and was prevalent in Western cultural provenance. Therefore, the main goal of Sinha and Alatas’ book is to provide a new perspective on teaching classical sociological theory, devoid of androcentrism and eurocentrism. There is an undeniable notion that most of the world’s social patterns are heavily influenced by Western culture, especially the common trend that people admire nowadays. According to Moosavi (2020), eurocentrism is a paradigm that emphasizes and prefers western civilization over non-western civilization. For instance, there is widespread agreement that anyone interested in studying sociology must be familiar with the writings of Weber or Marx, both of European heritage. In this regard, social thought and sociological theory courses are frequently restricted to discussions of their works and the works of many other Western scholars (Alatas & Sinha, 2017). On the other hand, androcentrism is another kind of bias view that this book wishes to address, which is the practice of putting the masculine point of view as the center of one’s worldview. This practice, in turn, marginalizes the feminine perspective, putting it on the periphery of social theory (Kislenko, 2021). In this worldview that places the masculine view in the limelight, there is less attention given to the contributions of women thinkers. In this regard, Alatas and Sinha (2017) argue that women were present and instrumental in contributing to the formation and formalization of the sociological theory. With these biases, Alatas and Sinha (2017) demonstrate that most of the early literature in sociological theory indicates that the pioneer of social ideas and theories were generally from Western people and men. Non-western and women theorists are rarely cited and became subjects of the study of Western male theorists. This notion gives an impression that no women and non-western theorists contributed to the social theory during its formative years
Background Dell Computers was named after its founder and Chairman Michael Dell (Hoovers 2012). The company began functioning in the early 80s to design and manufacture computers. Michael believed in efficiency. He created a company that had extremely efficient operations and responded to customer needs very fast. The highlight of his business model was the ability of customers to make their computers to their preferred designs. Customers could log on to the company website and choose their preferred features when placing an order. The company would then ship the new computer to the customers’ address. During the 90s and early 2000, Dell was the leading computer company worldwide. Its woes began when customers began to slow down on their PC purchases. Dell no longer sold as many computers and its growth was slow and painful. Things became worse when the company’s legal trouble began. Advanced Internet Technologies sued Dell for knowingly selling faulty computers to its customers. This was around the year 2010. Later, Dell got into
The focal point of this paper is to amalgamate the issues that confront the immigrant in America in the context of Mukherjee’s “ Two Ways to Belong in America “. It is argued, does one have to be a citizen of this country to be a benefit to the US society? From a personal viewpoint, it is assertive that one does not need to be a citizen of the US to reap the benefit. Migration is a subject that is studied on all levels when dealing with humanity and its idiosyncrasies. To understand migration, we must understand the various components involved in migration, including internal migration, external migration, immigration, and both refugees and Internally Displaced Persons. To understand the reasons behind the migration of global women we must first define the various components of migration. Migration refers to the movement of an individual from his or her home country, also known as the source country to another country as his or her destination. There are various causes for migration including pull and push factors. Pulls would be things that attract people to other areas. In the case of Asian migration to the United States it would be considered the freedoms allowed, the diversity managed, and even the lack of limitations on procreation as would be the case in China. Jobs and weather differences can also cause migration and this has occurred often in certain areas of Asia especially since the tsunami wiped out a majority of the forms of industry throughout the coastal regions of Asia. War in Afghanistan and Bosnia, known as push factors; cause a great number of people to flee to other countries. These women are considered refugees in place of immigrants. It is only humane to accept them even though they are not willing to accept citizenship. Apart from that, the social and economic factors of postmodern values are the development of concepts like secularization, decontextualization, totalitarianism, mechanization, democratization, centralization, hierarchical organization, individualism, linear progression, homogenization, diversification, hybridization, unification, industrial society, reductionism, universalism, subjectivism, alienation, rationalization, and bureaucracy making the post-Modern society a complex and intricate civilization and thus the individual system developed in that mode. Yet another interesting feature of post Modern citizenship is the availability of information. This became more easily available due to the development of the internet and similar communication systems that made information abundant. Formerly, the areas that were separated by geographical barriers were broken d
It is undeniable that IT plays a significant role in contemporary life. The fact that most people do not comprehend the machinations behind flicking on the TV, reading e-mail, buying things using credit cards clearly defines the transparency of IT among its casual users and its ubiquitous nature. Private and public companies invest huge sums of money every year to update their IT infrastructure in order to remain technologically informed. In the education sector, universities experience constant pressure to maintain their technology savvy image in order to attract new students who anticipate wireless internet all over the school premises, technically knowledgeable lecturers and online course resources. Since IT is around the people and invisible to the eyes, individuals must watch the technology they use carefully in order to determine its impact on their self identity. Coupland’s MicroSerfs is a novel that revolves around a group of information technology workers of mid-1990s whose residence is the Eastern suburbs of Seattle in Washington. The novel loosely tells the real life experiences of Microsoft employees and precisely captures the lives of individuals of the dot com era. Their identity is affected by the invention of computers since they can blindly spend so many hours in a day blindly staring at their computer screens. Most of the characters in Coupland’s novel exhibit an almost religious devotion to IT. Their personal identity is completely subsumed under their all inclusive desire to work in the Information technology industry. Some say that without their computers they are useless (Coupland, 2008). For the characters in the novel, technology is central in the development of personal values and self identity. It has the potential to pose significant challenges both in the religious and social realms. The characters strife to master their computers the same way they master their lives. Coupland explains how dehumanizing life is at Microsoft which is one of the most technological enterprises in the world. In the novel, Michael who is the most outstanding programmer in the group receives an email from the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates that criticizes his work. The email traumatizes him such that he decides to keep to himself in his office as he refuses to get in touch with the rest of the world. Daniel who is the narrator points out that with the main focus of dominating the IT and software industry, the life of individuals in the IT industry revolves around work only. The identity of workers disappears as evidenced by Michael who locks himself up in the office and refuses to eat, simply because his work in the IT industry is been criticized by the president of Microsoft (Coupland, 2008). As a result of technology, the Microserfs are always stressed in addition to the low salaries they are paid. Apart from their work in the IT industry, their lives ha
Midax is an advertising agency that aims at acting as an interface between media houses and clients. In this case, the duties of the firm will involve development of ads, programming, and seeking placement of ads on T.V and radio stations depending on the target market. Challenges that small businesses face Small businesses face a number of challenges in maintaining accurate and timely financial statements. First, small businesses normally lack enough financial resources to engage professional accountants. This leads to the small businesses engaging semi-skilled or totally unskilled personnel in recording, processing and producing books of accounts prone to errors. The other challenge is that given that most of this businesses lack financial resource, multi-tasking for staff is the order of the day. Ideally, when staff performs almost four distinct tasks then timely financial statements may not be obtained. For instance, the accountant may also be the HR officer, sales officer, and administrator. Additionally, most small businesses do not understand the type of books to maintain. This is mostly out of ignorance. Moreover, it is possible that these small businesses fable before preparing the correct books of accounts. This means, most times the entries are either erroneous or incomplete leading to lost precious time which results in delayed financial statements. In addition, most of the small businesses normally afford engaging fresh graduates or high school leavers. Such staffs lack the necessary skills and experience that is needed in preparing accurate and timely financial statements. Development of Chart of Accounts Chart Accounts is a list of accounts that indicates the class of item in which monies or equivalent of monies are paid or received. The chart of accounts assists an organization to organize its finances hence segregating the revenues, expenses, and assets together with liabilities. The purpose of this is to ensure that interested parties obtain good understanding concerning the business’s financial health. The listing is made in such a manner to ensure that debits and credit values of the ledger accounts are captured. The following is the chart accounts of Midax Advertising agency. Chart of Accounts of Midax Advertising Agency ($) 1001 Capital Liability 200,000 1002 Loan from XYZ Liability 100,000 2001 Land Assets 65,000 2002 Cash at Bank Assets 45,000 3001 Purchase of stationery Expense 5,000 3002 Purchase – Equipment Expense 75,000 3003 Wages for Actors Expense 1,800 3004 Interest Payments Expense 11,200 4001 Sales of ads Income 15,000 4002 Commission on Sales Income 7,500 4003 Royalties from ads Income 11,200 Midax Trial Balance Description                             Dr ($)   Cr ($)  Capital                                          200,000 Cash at Bank                            45,000           Loan from XYZ Bank                               100,000 Land                                    65,000           Cash at Hand                            15,000           Printing Equipment                      75,00
Thesis Statement Linux Operating system has rescued small business owners and consumers from exploitative tendencies from manufacturers of operating systems. Its capabilities has changed the world of computers especially on how small business will reduce the hidden computer maintenance costs that affect business performance. Introduction Linux is an “ Operating System ” which facilitates applications and helps operators to access programs so that they can execute preferred operations. The OS sends out information from an application to the central processing unit. The CPU executes instructions, which sends outcomes to the application through the OS (Stallings; 2008). Linux operating system has developed into a computing force that creates change in cellular phones, Stock Exchange in NY, customer devices and super-computers. Linux operating system was initially used as a server operating system on wristwatches and super-computers. The Linux establishment is setting up federal databases that will create a list of all available Linux products and store the devices that initiated Linux electronics. How Linux has made lives better Linux has made life better in a number of ways. The first one is that it is an open source software, which means that it is free. Users of Linux therefore do not incur any cost as they download the operating system from the internet. This has lowered the competitors prices on Operating System, as they were very expensive before the introduction of Linux. This has made it possible for many people to have their own personal computers as they can buy the hardware and get the Operating System free of charge, which was not the case before Linux introduced its open source software (Stallings, 2008). The advanced technology and integration of technological innovations into one product or system has made many electronic devices become obsolete especially computers. This is because as computers advance in age their processing speed becomes slower or they usually clutter with many files that make the computer crash or lower its performance. The case with Linux is different because it is capable of operating in a computer with very slow processing speed. This has led to reduction in electronic waste from computers as it is easier to install them with Linux and they can work as long as the user wants to use them (Egan, 2000).