ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction   * The U.K Joined E.U, which was then the EEC, in 1973.   * The U.K was under the Conservative government under the leadership of Edward Heath.   * The Chief British negotiator was Geoffrey Rippon.   * The U.K entry in to the EEC was not popular among a large number of politicians in the country, especially the Labor Party members.   * A referendum was held in 1975 in which two-thirds voted in favor of remaining to be an E.U member. The U.K became an E.U member, which was then referred to as the EEC, in the year 1973 under the Conservative Government led by Edward Heath. The Chief British negotiator was Geoffrey Rippon. However, not everybody in the U.K was in favor of this country joining the E.U. Many politicians were opposed to the idea. The Labor party was not in support of this and gave a promise to hold a referendum on withdrawing membership once it came to power. But when the Labor Party came to power, it had changed its mind concerning this issue and the two parties campaigned for remaining to be a member of the E.U. Following the referendum, which was held in 1975, two-thirds of the voters were in favor of remaining to be E.U member (Revised storyboard, 2005). Why the U.K joined the E.U   * The global political issues were being controlled by the USSR and the US in the “Cold War climate” (Anon: The E.U and the U.K, n.d).   * The U.K founded the EFTA in 1960 which was aimed at boosting free trade without the EEC’s political or economical integration.   * The U.K applied for EEC membership in 1961 as it became clear to them that political influence in Europe rested in the hands of the EEC.   * Among the drawbacks of the EFTA was its members’ dependence on engaging in trade with EEC instead of with the other members of the EFTA. The U.K formed the EFTA in the year 1960 in order to promote free trade without the political integration as well as economic integration of the EEC. The main reason why the U.K made a decision to join the E.U was the realization that that the political influence rested in the hands of the EEC. The EFTA encountered a stumbling block following the issue that the members were reliant on trading with the EEC rather than with other members of EFTA (Anon, The E.U and the U.K., n.d). What the Media Said when the U.K joined the E.U   * The media was quite excited about the U.K joining the EEC and most of them are currently still excited.   * They include: The Sunday Times, The Financial Times, The Guardian, The Daily Mail, The Economist, The Daily Telegraph, The Daily Mirror, The Times, The Observer, and The Sun. All through the run up to the day of joining “the daily news in Britain was delivered with a preposterous pro-EEC slant designed to suppress the truth to convince the public that without membership of the EEC, neither they nor their country had much of a future”(Coleman, 2006, para 6). The Times Made remarks that the negotiator, Geoffrey Rippon was behaving as if he was having something to hide. The Daily Mirror Was unrelenting in giving a description of the pri
It has never been an easy task for mankind to develop patience in whatever they are doing. Most of the things we undertake demands for long time patience and perseverance. In many cases, we look for means to gratify our needs with ease and as fast as possible. This eventually overwhelms us and drains all our resources leading to development of anxiety. To develop patience, one need to nurture positive attitude towards all that we do. Perform an analysis of issues that makes you not to be patient.This would help one in coming up with methods of overcoming the root cause of one’s impatience. Good things take time to achieve and call for patience. Some of the virtues of patience include success, protection and wisdom. Success comes hand in hand with patience. It is the ability to tolerate waiting or delay. Being patient helps one become calm even in the event of adversarial circumstances. Andy is aware of his sole intention of getting out of the cell. To succeed, he needs to be patient. He understands the punishment that he might subject himself to by advising Hadley on how to avert paying tax but he goes on to do it. Andy never makes haste in planning his escape from the cell. His patience earns him a reputation in the cell where he is consulted by guards on accounting problems. This helps him create good relationship with all in the cell making it hard for them to suspect him of having mischievous intentions. His willingness to be manipulated by prison wardens eventually earns him an opportunity to escape from the prison which had been his main intention since he set his foot in the prison. As a result of his patience, he manages not only to dig a tunnel in his room that helps him escape from the prison but is also able to gather enough information about Norton that helps him withdraw all his money from the bank. He manages also to make away with books he had kept for Norton. His dream of living in Zihuatanejo, a Mexican-pacific coastal town is eventually achieved (Edberg Par. 2). Patience leads to protection. If one develops patience, it is possible for him or her to overcome hardships that might be brought by one’s failures or wrong actions. One is able to overcome emotions that might result from his or her past actions. It helps one understand that by focusing on the future and forgetting about the past, it is possible for one to absolutely change his or her past way of life. Andy’s patience earns him protection from being molested in the prison. Despite having been convicted for killing his wife and her lover, this action does not deter him from pursuing his goals. It is his wish to once live in Zihuatanejo and this strong desire helps him forget of his past events. He even manages to forget the fact that he has been sentenced to life imprisonment and it is hard for him to leave the prison. He manages to dig the tunnel for twenty years without the knowledge of his fellow prisoners who could have informed the wardens thwarting his efforts (Edbe
Abstract Organizational behavior is a notion that enables the management to evaluate employee performance. This research is designed to investigate the key methods to improve organizational behavior regarding the three employee levels (individual, team, and organization as a whole). It is hypothesized that the compilation of both material and psychological incentives will help increase staff motivation. To test the hypothesis, qualitative research will be carried out; however, if more data is needed, the research can be expanded through quantitative methods. To evaluate the qualitative data obtained from the survey, content analysis will be carried out. This method will allow categorizing the information for a further assessment and highlighting the core messages regarding the research question. Introduction It is crucial to note that organizational behavior is a concept that enables the leadership to assess and analyze the conduct of employees in the organization. It allows applying the corresponding measures in conflict occurrences and misunderstandings and enables establishing technologies aimed at direct personnel exposure. Effective study of the organizational behavior of employees should take place at three interrelated levels, which are the individual member level, the working teams and units, and at the level of the personnel as a whole (Jex & Britt, 2014). The research question that will be raised in the research is what are the key methods and techniques through which management can improve organizational behavior on all three levels simultaneously. It should be hypothesized that it is possible to increase the motivation of employees solely through the compilation of both material and psychological factors. Justification The analysis of the current situation across the American companies operating in various industries has revealed that work motivation is still the leading problem for most firms regardless of their scale. One of the critical motivation issues is referred to as the theory of self-determination of individuals. Also, the commitment of the organization staff and their identification, the enthusiasm for work, leadership (primarily transformational, transactional, and ethical), certain features of working groups and teams as well as counterproductive work behavior are acute for the majority of enterprises due to low staff motivation, which results in companies experiencing high personnel turnover (Jex & Britt, 2014). Thus, researching this issue is indeed needful as sufficient work commitment of the employees enables companies to sustain their competitive edge. Literature Review Different theories exist that give an overview of the methods and techniques of enhancing the organizational performance and behavior of the workers. According to researchers, it is of particular importance in connection with the internalization of companies and changes in the working conditions (Jex & Britt, 2014). The two-factor theory developed
Introduction Over the years many people have taken to vacationing as a way of enriching their lives as opposed to before where people opted to spend their money largely on material enrichment. This is because vacationing paves way for new experiences and allows people to satisfy their curiosity as to what exists in other places (Berger xii). The financial beneficiaries are the destination towns, cities, or countries which has led many countries to make great returns from the tourism sector. According to Burkardt, tourism has been termed as the largest industry across the globe, having surpassed others like the oil industry (3). Taking a vacation requires a lot of planning in advance to ensure that everything works well from the time one leaves for the vacationing destination to the time he or she returns from the vacation. Time, finances, destination, accommodation, transportation, and climatic conditions are just some of the factors to take into consideration. The reason why one is taking a vacation also forms a major basis for decision making. When faced with a choice between different destinations, one compares the different factors in relation to each other and picks the destination site that fits most with the reasons for vacationing. In this paper, I will compare two vacation destinations, which are Thailand and Paris, and based on my findings determine the more viable destination. Thailand According to Berger (3), Thailand is an independent Kingdom located in South East Asia and is governed under a constitutional monarchy with a king as the Head of State and leader of the Armed Forces wh9o is charged with the duty of upholding the Buddhist Religion which is the official religion in the country as well as other religions in the Kingdom. Its capital city is Bangkok which is the hub of the Kingdom’s cultural, industrial, political, commercial activities. The majority of the population is Thai while the Chinese, Malay and other minority tribes making up the rest of the population and Thai is the official Kingdom language. Due to the industrialization that took place in the country in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Kingdom has become recognized as a major tourist destination site with tourism returns making major contributions to the Kingdom’s economy. Thailand has manifested itself as a major tourism and vacation destination because of its exotic Islands and other scenery, its customary hospitality and peoples’ friendliness even to strangers, its historical and traditional culture which has, by and large, stood the test of time as well as the availability of a large range of exotic cuisines. Paris Paris is the capital city of France and is located in the Northern part of the country. Over the years it has established a name in the t
Social class is the status of the society in which individuals are classified on basis of political, economic and cultural perspectives. Wealth, income and occupation are the major aspects of economic social classification. Political social class is characterized by Status and power, while the cultural group is determined by peoples’ lifestyle, education, values and beliefs (Bernstein 126). The economic, political and social classes can further be categorized in to subcategories of upper, middle, working and lower classes depending on one’s position in society. It is quite essential for each individual in the society to understand the social position in which one belongs to (Bronfenbrenner 412). This will not only help in addressing the different issues that arise in life but also help in building a strong understanding of the societal needs. Proper understanding of one’s class helps individuals to get fully prepared in facing challenges that come along in tackling daily activities. People who discern their social environment at an early stage in life constantly keep rising from one class to another. It’s quite clear that social classes bring about inequalities in resources and life expectations. For instance, individuals with power have direct access to material resources compared to their followers. Such differences cause economic gap between the different groups and may lead to the low group engaging in unethical means such as theft and corruption in order to bridge the gap (Bernstein 127). On the other hand, individuals endorsed with power may also look for alternatives of fighting in order to remain in power as a means of maintaining their status quo. In understanding the social classes’ one should be keen in noting that; people in the lower social classes are involved in risky, lowly paid jobs which do not have any form of security unlike their counterparts in upper classes who enjoy better paid, secured jobs with access to medical cover (Bronfenbrenne 411). In most instances, people in the lower class categories provide labor to the upper class; they do so by working as gardeners’ cleaners or any other odd jobs. Low class individuals in the society lack adequate opportunities to exploit their talents. However, highly motivated individuals can rise to the other classes although they do so with a lot of difficulties (Davis 60). Education is one way of shifting from one social class to another; children from upper classes have access to good schools and education and as result are able to maintain their class later in life. An educated individual is able to secure a well paying job, accumulate wealth and use the resources he has to gain political power. The social class also determines the society’s demographics. Many low income earners are likely to stay in proximity to industries (Marshal 30). They reside in poorly constructed houses within noisy environment since they cannot afford better lifestyles (Bronfenbrenne 412). On the other hand, upper social class individuals prefer to live in private, cool and sparsely populated area
Epidemiology refers to the study of health patterns and the health determinants in a given society (Berkman & Kawachi, 2000). Epidemiology forms a fundamental part in research in the area of public health and it is involved in coming up with design of research on issues such as outbreak investigation, disease surveillance which includes quarantine if need be, bio-monitoring and comparing treatment of the diseases to come up with the best treatment approach possible for a particular disease. Due to the large scope of epidemiology in monitoring the human behavioral patterns in regard to health issues, this field encounters numerous challenges that hinder its smooth running. The first challenge is that socio behavioral epidemiology lacks the full support from the legislation in most countries. This is because social science as a subject is regarded as being soft because majority of the countries’ policy makers perceive that the most important area of study that will bring development lies in the physical sciences. This is the reason physical sciences are given more attention as compared to the area of social sciences such as epidemiology. As a result, a majority of findings that are made in socio-behavioral epidemiology aiming at improving the society’s behavior towards health related issues do not get support from the law. This jeopardizes the implementation of the findings which further hurts the contribution of behavioral knowledge in understanding the health issues (Berkman & Kawachi, 2000). Secondly, socio-behavioral epidemiology is facing a lot to problems with keeping up with the drastic changes in the concept of health with the advent of technology which has influenced the demographic trends in the developed countries. This has resulted in changes about how people view health related issues. Prior to the twentieth century, health was perceived as only the absence of diseases in the society, but nowadays, people are more concerned about their health with the emergence of terminal illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS among other infections. This change has posed such a big challenge on socio-behavioral epidemiology on how to counter these new views of health due to the population dynamics instigated by revolutionizing technology (Cassel, 2001). Thirdly, socio-behavioral epidemiology lacks the capacity to predict the society’s behavior in regard to who gets sick in the society, who seek medical attention that will cure their ailment and lastly, who recovers from the ailment after either seeking the medical attention from a professional medical practitioner. This inability by the socio-behavioral epidemiology departments to solve this problem has proved fatal. This is because socio-behavioral epidemiology sector cannot accurately ascertain how many ailments have been recorded in regard to a particular disease and in that particular society. Therefore, this makes it hard to strategize on how to elevate this problem. The solution to this problem is for the sector to come up with methods that will integrate the whole health science units and also understand what
Introduction Nursing is a career that requires so much professionalism. This is because one must gain public trust. Nurses must therefore offer their services with much regard for human dignity and must protect the privacy of their patients. Nurses should therefore assume responsibility and accountability for their actions towards the patients. Nurses should also apply the best attitude, skills and knowledge during their practice. It is by showing competence that embers of the public will have trust in them and they will see professionalism in them (Blais & Hayes, 2006). This essay looks at some examples of professional nursing behaviors from their narratives in the book “Meditations on hope: Nurses stories about motivation and inspiration” by Sergi, P. (2009). Nursing concepts Sergi, P. (2009). Meditations on hope: Nurses stories about motivation and inspiration This book contains several narratives by nurses illustrating how they struggle to maintain their spirits high and be optimistic so that they can able to help those that they care for. They try to give hope to their patients even those with the least chances of surviving. Professionalism The main aspect of professionalism that is observed in nurses is the way they communicate with the patients and how they act towards them. Professional acts include how they deliver sad messages to the patients esp
Introduction This experiment was conducted to determine and measure the level of species diversity in two habitat areas. The two areas include forest and urban ecosystem. Biodiversity can be described by determining the number of species in an ecosystem. It also refers to as species richness. In general, the diversity of species includes both the richness and evenness of species. Evenness compares the resemblance of the size of population of individual species within the litter sample. Species richness is used to quantify the number of different organisms present in an eco system. The purpose of quantifying species is the main sampling consideration when examining richness and evenness of species. It becomes much easier to quantify the species if the level of taxonomy is known. Taxonomy makes the process simple by giving names to individual species in a sample. It is possible to have a clear variation between individuals of one species. For instance, depending on the adaption, there can be four variations of spider species. These spiders can be distinguished using their physical characteristics including shape, size, color, and body segment. In particular, this only happens if the process of sorting is accomplished with the help of morphological characteristics. Two main approaches are used in classification of species. They include biological species concept and the morphological species concept. In the latter, individual species with similar biochemistry are considered to be morphospecies. However, the first approach involves the use of biological characteristics to classify species. For instance, individuals that breed together are classified as one species. The experiment relied on Simpson Diversity index to measure the level of biodiversity in the two habitats. The quantity is normally used to determine the biodiversity of an eco system by considering the richness and evenness of species. A diverse habitat will be represented by a large value of Simpson Diversity Index. Methods The experiment was done in groups and was aimed at sorting, identifying, and counting the vertebrate morpho species’ in each of the two litter samples provided. The groups were provided with Litter samples and details of their collection location.  1. In a group of four, a sample of each litter type was taken and placed in separate trays. The trays were labeled with the litter type as the group made notes of the physical structure and appearance of the litter samples. Using forceps the group sorted through the litter samples to find invertebrates. This exercise was done with caution because some of the individual species in the sample could bite or sting. The st