ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, consumers in different countries share some common characteristics, interests, and preferences due to rapid globalization and the influences of information technologies on individual and community lifestyles worldwide. It is also valid to say that a lot of enterprises and brands offering similar products and services have emerged as the number of barriers to international trade decreased throughout the last century. However, in this situation, neither consumer behaviors nor retail brands did become entirely homogeneous. On the contrary, in order to attract customers, companies that internationalize their businesses should now put even greater efforts than before to differentiate and adapt their services, products, and operations to local markets. Based on this, the present paper will focus on the analysis of IKEA’s internationalization experiences and strategies. During the course of the discussion, recent trends in consumer behaviors and internationalization methods will be evaluated. IKEA Internationalisation Experiences IKEA is one of the most famous furniture retailers with a distinguishable brand style and a value-driven, consumer-oriented approach. It has 313 brick-and-mortar stores in 38 states/regions, including Canada, Russia, the United Arab Emirates, and other countries to which IKEA group expanded its operations since the 1960s, a few decades after its establishment in Sweden (Inter IKEA Systems B.V., 2018). The company’s internationalization process started from geographically proximate European countries – Switzerland and Germany, – where modern Scandinavian furniture design was particularly popular (Consulenza Direzionale, n.d.). Nowadays, IKEA’s expansion activities are especially active in the Asia Pacific region. The retailer is interested in the Indian and Chinese markets because the growth of the middle class is pronounced there, and the brand primarily targets individuals from this social group (Qingqing, 2018). Overall, the company aims to open approximately 500 stores worldwide and attain a rate of €50 billion in sales by 2020 (Kowitt, 2015). It
Uber uses surge pricing to balance supply and demand, which is especially effective in case of emergencies and high-demand periods. Even though the dynamic price formation may seem to be unfair to customers, it ensures that they have a car to travel to the required destination while paying extra charge (“Why Uber is an economist’s dream”, 2016). Otherwise, they will be less likely to get a ride, and there would be no motivation for other users who request a taxi to drop out. At the same time, surge pricing stimulates supply since Uber drivers are likely to travel to the areas with high demand if they receive extra money (Cohen, Hahn, Hall, Levitt, & Metcalfe, 2016). The effectiveness of such an approach is evident in practice. After the concert of Ariana Grande, surge pricing allowed achieving a 100% completion rate, and the waiting time increased only moderately (A fare shake, 2016). Moreover, without the mentioned algorithm, the completion rate was less than 25%, and the waiting time was 2-8 minutes on New Year’s Eve in 2014. The power of surge pricing should not be overestimated as the pre-emptive responses of drivers tend to improve, which would balance demand and supply. As for the fairness of such pricing, it is possible to suggest that those who have transportation alternatives are more sensitive to changes. The areas with little options can be characterized by more critical price increases, which seem to be unfair. Surge pricing that is based on machine-learning tools can be used in other businesses as well. For example, retailers can estimate the purchases of customers and predict their future needs to send them timely notifications and preparing the necessary products in stores.
Diffusion of innovation (DOI) is a sociological theory that is targeted at explaining how, when, and why a product or program spreads across a social system. It is also concerned with how ideas of innovation diffuse across a population (Daim et al., 2016). This theory can be used to solve modern issues, such as type 2 diabetes, which is the most common form of the disease diagnosed in many patients. It causes the blood sugar levels in an individual’s body to rise much higher than normal. Thus, diffusion of innovation is one of the theoretical approaches that can be used to solve this problem. Purpose of the Program The main purpose of the program is to identify why and how the rate of type 2 diabetes is prevalent. It aims at developing a better understanding of ways of preventing the disease and managing its effects. Besides, it is aimed at identifying some of the risk factors that can lead to an increase in the severity of the condition. Moreover, its central goal is to initiate a program that can be used to assist patients with type 2 diabetes in controlling the effects of the condition. Target Population and Location of Program The program is targeted at helping patients with diabetes manage the effects that accompany the disease. In this case, the target population is individuals with type 2 diabetes. The location will be some selected states in the United States, where the rates of the disease are high, including California and New York. Participants will be selected randomly to ensure credibility of the results. Program Development The program will utilize the diffusion of innovation model in its development. There are five main constructs of the theory, including innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards (Daim et al., 2016). Innovators are those who will be eager to be the first ones to try the innovation. It is targeted at people with type 2 diabetes seeking help to manage the disease. Early adopters are individuals who are ready to embrace the change that comes with innovation. These are the health professionals to be involved in the program. An early majority are the persons who will accept the innovation after a few other people have tried it. Consequently, the late majority are those who are skeptical about the program and would only adopt it if a majority of the population has used it (Şehbenderoğlu, 2019). Lastly, there are also those who are rigid and conservative, hence, are less likely to accept the invention. The program has to cater to all these constructs of the population. Determinants of the Program Some of the determinants of health that the program will affect include income, socio-economic status, education and literacy, healthy behaviors, and lifestyle. Both the development and implementation of the program will require economic resources; hence income an
Diagnosis Osteoporosis has long been a very serious problem within the medical diagnoses in the United States. Nowadays there are many high school, middle school, and children programs to fight osteoporosis at its beginning stage. Also, there are substantial adult programs. No wonder people who suffer from this disease need comfort and a thorough treatment, osteoporosis affects bones and makes them fragile and they become brittle. This usually happens when a person lacks calcium or vitamin D which frequently results from hormonal changes. Largely the patients diagnosed are elderly people. As such, it has been claimed that the amount of diagnosed patients will enlarge due to the aging of the population. Assessment Unfortunately, 44 million elderly people (50 years and more) living in the US in 2004 had osteoporosis or low bone mass. It has been counted that Americans spent about $16 billion dollars on treating fractures due to osteoporosis in 2002. Of course, these numbers are somewhat disastrous. However, it is supposed that if the citizens keep on saving on their own health and avoid expensive but correct medical treatment, the situation will get worse. This will result from poor bones check after the recovery or absence of cracks’ treatment at all. Provided that the situation is not getting any better, there will be 12 million people more suffering from osteoporosis by 2012. Moreover, there will be many more people having low bone mass (about 40 million) unless the population starts treating this problem in a more responsible manner. It is said that no one is too old or too young to take care about their own bones (Gaby, 1995). Intervention/Evaluation Significantly, the authorities of Florida take serious actions in order to make the citizens healthier and show them there are means government presents to lead a healthier life. There has been a partnership created with Area Health Education Centers (AHEC) and County Health Departments. Thus, programs for educating population are now being popularized. This means tremendous help for the citizens to find out more about their diagnosis or the ways to understand their relative has osteoporosis. The Osteoporosis Prevention and Education Program were launched to show people that healthy way of life means taking sports, proper eating habits, and absence of harmful habits. Some people simply need guidance on what to do after they have osteoporosis, while some of them need to be prevented from this sickness. That is why the programs created for the population are striving to have a healthier generation overall by proving the benefits of correct medical treatment and self-education by participating in Osteoporosis Awareness Month program, for example (Florida Charts, 2010). Prevention There are different programs for education purposes emerging. One of such programs is designed for the entire family ‘Families Building Stron
Abstract Psychology owes its roots to scholars of the 19 th Century when Edward Titchener and Wundt Wilhelm sought to analyze human behavior based on one’s experience under metaphysical studies. However, scientific studies took over as scholars sought to understand psychology empirically. This led to divergence of psychological field into several perspectives commonly known as foundations of psychology in contemporary times. Different scholars hold different views each with his/her justifications and assumptions making psychology one of the most diverse fields of study in modern-day science. This divergence is set to go on with the present improvement in scientific studies ameliorated by technological advancements. One of the most exciting psychological perspectives is the biopsychological perspective as elaborated in this paper. Introduction Psychology is one of the broad areas of scientific study; interestingly, it is difficult to define psychology for the definition keeps on changing depending on time and the person defining it. Nevertheless, all definitions given to psychology lie in two areas, scientific and metaphysical. According to Moore (2007), the metaphysical or rational psychology deals with religious needs of man to address the probability of soul surviving physical death while the scientific or empirical psychology addresses the intellectual nature of man based on scientific procedures (p. 7). The metaphysical part of psychology preceded the empirical approach, and the earliest definition of psychology was study of how people think and why they behave in particular behavior. This definition has evolved with time to integrate the scientific aspect of it giving a more conclusion definition of psychology as, “a science of behavior and mental functioning that uses both quantitative and qualitative research studies to develop and test hypotheses and put forward theories and models that explain human behavior” (Spear, 2007). All schools of thoughts together with their assumptions are hinged on this definition as exposited next. Major Schools of Thought in Psychology As aforementioned, psychology has developed into diverse areas of study since its inception. It is important to note that, these schools of thought popularly known as perspectives represent the underlyi
In order to perform the role of an educator, the nurses must have knowledge on the basic principles of learning and teaching. The primary purpose of an educator should be more bound to promoting learning and providing an appropriate environment for learning. More importantly, the role of the teacher should also be connected with partnership philosophy (Bastable, 2008, p. 13). Teaching strategies should also be based on ethical and economical considerations that are bound to cultural aspects as well. Due to the fact that ethical principles stem from natural laws, respect for people, honesty, truth telling, and respect for life are inherent components of nurse ethics, despite the existence of manifold perspectives on the wrongness and rightness of human acts. Finally, a patient should have the right to quality care irrespective of social and economic statuses (Bastable, 2008, p. 38). With regard to the ethical and economical considerations discussed above, the approach to Hindu clients with diabetes should be more refined and sophisticated due to several reasons. First of all, close attention should be paid to physical procedures and examinations, which can be traumatic for American Hindu women (Purnell and Paulanka, 2008, p. 390). Before engaging them into specific procedures, it is necessary to thoroughly explain the scope as well as all inconveniences these examinations and procedures may cause. Second, nurses should know that embracing and touching are also inacceptable in treating Hindu patients and, therefore, this issue should be tackled carefully as well (Purnell and Paulanka, 2008, p. 390). Finally, it is imperative to study the underpinnings of the Indian traditional medicine and patients’ reactions to specific symptoms like pain, which is usually concealed by Hindu (Purnell and Paulanka, 2008, p. 390). This aspect should be involved in working out caring and teaching strategies. Nurses’ Responsibilities for Teaching Due to the fact that the main responsibility of nurse practitioner involves diagnosing physical conditions and illness, performing corrective and treatment measures within a particular nursing specialty in collaboration with a qualified licensed physician, nurses should know the specifics of delivering information to patients and studying their medical cards. Within the accepted medical practice, nurse practitioners should also be aware of legal aspects of cooperating with physicians. In this regard, the teaching perspective is narrowed to the knowle
Nowadays, the boost in digital technology can be seen worldwide, especially during the pandemic situation with its significant economic sphere influence. Both new opportunities and challenges have appeared that need to be handled. The economy will shift to another perspective after the pandemic is over, leading to an outcome where the main possibilities and difficulties will be discussed further and their impacts on the economic and social situation worldwide. First of all, the online labor market’s distinctive feature is digital tools for work, so-called digitalization. Many distributed offline services have shifted to online platforms, which means that many companies can develop new sides of their business and attract more clients. Another essential shift is access to the Internet and availability to manage one’s business online. For instance, the cost of mobile Internet has been reduced in sub-Saharan countries; thus, the number of Internet users has increased. Furthermore, money transactions from mobile wallets in Kenya can be done without any fees during the pandemic situation; therefore, it has opened new business and personal opportunities. Another example can be seen in art development, which involves watching plays and concerts online, hardly imagined before Covid-19. Therefore, the pandemic situation has influenced the economic sector and brought new opportunities for online development worldwide. There are also some challenges that many companies have faced during the pandemic; for example, they must be creative and innovative to adapt to new conditions. Secondly, there is a lack of digital skills workers who can create automated tools for companies. Another challenge is access for women to coding jobs in some countries. Women in Columbia have access to work; however, it is difficult for them to search for work opportunities in the IT sphere. As a result of digitalization, there can be unemployment in offline spheres and tremendous demand for workers in a coding labor market. Summing up, the pandemic situation has transformed the economic crisis worldwide by creating new possibilities for development, on the one hand, and bringing new challenges on the other hand. Businesses, companies, and employees have faced a new digital reality, and now they need to adapt to immersed conditions and difficulties. Hence, the future implications o
Introduction Job creation remains one of the most important economic engagements for any business or organization. This process is normally coupled with economic development. Therefore, creating new employment and business opportunities is a contributor to economic development. Currently, world economies are struggling with a slow economy characterized by job cuts, layoffs and organizational restructuring. Due to this, an organization’s management faces various challenges while trying to re-adjust in order to remain competitive and profitable. This is the reason why the private sector is currently awash with innovations and technologies that are being tried and tested to ensure corporate competitiveness and profitability. While a balance within the private sector can be competitively achieved, there is always a challenge as far as the public sector is concerned. Therefore, public sector organizations will cautiously and selectively apply practices that contribute to sustainable development. The reason for such a trend is most likely due to the public sector organizations’ resistance to restructuring. It can be noted also that the essence of such organizations is based on their defined structure. Olympics development authority (ODA) is a public sector organization under the department of culture, media and sports of the UK government. This organization is responsible for the organization of Olympics and Paralympics in London in the year 2012. ODA is working together with close to fifteen other stakeholders including Her Majesty’s government to ensure that the Olympic Games are a success and that the UK gets the
Have you ever thought that the war on terrorism is going in which direction? The real start of the war on terrorism was after the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, The Pentagon and the United 93 crash. In these attacks, a lot of casualties took place and there was a huge loss of lives and capital. We will be analysing the tactics used against the war on terrorism, success of these tactics and the future of the war on terrorism. There are a lot of tactics used to counter the terrorist forces; these tactics consisted of operations in Africa, Europe, Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia, North America and South America. October 2002, the Task Force- Horn of Africa was created in Djibouti at Camp Le Moeir and it consisted of almost 2,000 personnel adding U.S. Special Forces and military and alliance force members. This force received ships from different nation which are Pakistan, New Zealand, Spain and the United Kingdom. The main aim of this force was to monitor, stop and inspect shipments from inflowing in Horn of Africa so that it does not affect the US. In this mission, there was a military aid from Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya who were trained to control Counter terrorism tactics. On July 1 st , 2006, a post was made by Osama Bin Laden a person who is expected to launch the 9/11 attacks, in his post, he persuaded the Somalis to construct an Islamic State in the region and threatened western governments to not to intervene, or they will have to face dire consequences. In the middle of 2006 the Islamic Courts Union took control of southern Somalia to restore Sharia Law in the region. December 2006 the US Assistant Secretary state Jendayi Frazer claimed that the courts were under the control of Al- Qaeda and this claim was later denied by Islamic Court Union (ICU). Later in the same year the ICU claimed that the UN- backed Transitional Federal Government of Somalia had a strong hold.on B
The dog is a person’s best friend, faithful companion, and assistant in many matters. A unique relationship has developed between a dog and a human from the beginning of civilization. However, these same connections impose certain obligations on the owners, calling for responsibility for their pets. Unfortunately, many people forget about it, even going so far as to throw the animals outside. The article is devoted to the problem of the population of stray dogs, as well as a way to deal with this issue. Nowadays, stray dogs are a problem in many areas, as it stems from the careless and cruel attitude of people. Animals gather in packs, thereby trying to increase their chances of survival. They become embittered, hardened, and learn to hate people. In the end, packs of wild dogs run around the outskirts and streets of cities and villages in search of food. Such gatherings of animals pose a considerable danger to people, especially in the winter, when there is less food. Hungry dogs can easily attack a person, especially a child. Therefore, the propagation of stray animals is a real threat and a problem that needs to be addressed. Fortunately, the government also understands the danger of this phenomenon. That is why a law was introduced in 2016, requiring all dogs to be microchipped. However, the initiative was met ambiguously, and many people opposed such a duty. Most likely, it happened due to insufficient information about the benefits of this program. Contrary to popular belief, chipping is a painless procedure and does not entail any unhealthy consequences. The technology provides many amenities for dog owners; for example, with the help of chipping, they can always track where the dog is in case the animal runs away, gets lost, or is stolen. With the help of an implanted chip, it is effortless to find the owner of a particular animal, therefore, reuniting the human with the beloved friend. Besides, this operation can be carried out completely free of charge in any Dogs Trust center. It can also be performed in a private clinic, which increases the availability of the service to society. Ultimately, not only dog owners, but the entire community as a whole, benefit from such an initiative. Chipping is mandatory for all dogs, including stray ones, which allows the government to monitor their movement. Thus, by introducing these microchips, people can now have more control over their pets. Consequently, they can act more responsibly, take care of their safety and well-being, and reduce the risk of forming packs of stray dogs. From my perspective, this legislative introduction is beneficial and necessary for the dog owners themselves since it takes into account their interests. The state is helping people, providing the opportunity to receive the service for free. Thus, wit