ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Ar Rass in Saudi Arabia (latitude 25.8697) is on the same latitude with Miami, Florida (latitude 25.7738889) yet, the two have varied climates. Climate of a certain region is dependent primarily on the quantity of solar radiation and its distribution, which varies extensively with latitude. All the same, the atmosphere as well as oceans plays a key role in the storage and distribution of heat. Continents as well as mountains acts as obstacles for heat distribution between the ocean and the atmosphere since their blocking redirects the currents to form varied regional climates. Climate is also affected by vegetation cover since plants acts as heat absorbers and water retainers that could go a long way in dictating precipitation of a certain region. Besides, high quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases leads to heat blanketing, which elevate the temperature of a place. Sunlight striking a region varies with latitudes where lower latitudes receive more solar radiations while similar latitudes receives similar amount of solar radiation and therefore, should similar climates (Merali & Skinner, 2009). However, cities with similar latitudes could have extensively varied climates. Ar Rass is surrounded by small mountain ranges, sand dunes and plateaus and has a typical desert climate whose winters are cold while summers are extremely hot with minimal humidity. On the other hand, Miami is a coastal city and therefore, cooler ocean currents results to cool temperatures on the land while warm ones results to warm temperatures. Water bodies also have a higher heat capacity to retain heat in summer to cause warmer winters. Miami experiences tropical monsoon whose summers are hotter and moist while winters are warmer and dry. Climate is changing due to natural causes such as volcanic eruptions to release sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, ash and dust. Solar variations, continental drift, ocean currents and tilting of earth also cause climate change. Primarily, Human activities due to industrial revolution that has raised the combustion of fossil fuels leading to high emissions of greenhouse gases e.g. carbon dioxide into the atmosphere to cause global warming (Hardy, 2003). As a result, catastrophic events have been experienced that will not only affect the ecosystems but might result to extinction of species. Global warming will result to an upsurge in sea levels that will have effects on rainfall seasons and the ultimate extension of subtropical deserts. Besides, the polar glacier will retreat while severe weather, marked by recurrent of droughts and hurricanes will be manifest. These might have health impacts on human due to rise of infective parasites, disruption of ecological systems and rise in temperatures. These aspects have called for global efforts to mitigate climate change (Merali & Skinner, 2009). From the CNN report, greenhouse gases are essential to trap heat and warm the earth and without them, the planet would be frozen. Therefore, they are essential but when excess, they become detrimental. Existence of life in other planets seems unlikely and remai
Increasing product costing accuracy From the case study, Chuck Davis is of the opinion that there is no way through which accuracy of product costing can be increased. However, Chuck’s opinion is wrong. This arises from the fact that product costing accuracy can be increased through incorporation of activity-based costing. According to Hansen and Mowen (2006, p. 139), activity-based costing enables a firm’s management teams to realize fixed overhead costs incurred in the production process vary as a result of other factors other than the firm’s production volume. The advice Chuck Davis gives to Leonard depicts that he does not have sufficient knowledge regarding what causes product cost to decrease or increase. Hansen and Mowen (2006, p. 139) are of the opinion that a firm’s management team can trace these causes to individual products. Through incorporation of activity-based costing, the management team can be able to establish the existing cause-and-effect relationship. In addition, incorporation of activity-based-costing can enable the management team to understand the underlying behavior in relation to the costs which it incurs. The resultant effect is an increment in the efficiency with which the firm’s management team makes decisions on how to minimize cost. Unethical behavior displayed by Chuck Davis Chuck is the firm’s management accountant. Management accountants are supposed to give advice to the firm’s management team. The advice given forms the basis upon which the management team makes various operational decisions. In order to achieve this, management accountants are required to adhere to general accepted accounting standards. Accountants are required to display certain codes of conduct. One of these codes entails competence. The code stipulates that accountants should not accept to undertake tasks which they are not competent in. In this case competence encompasses knowledge, skills and experience regarding the task. This arises from the fact that acceptance of such tasks can result into lack of proficiency. Despite Chuck claiming that the firm is effectively controlling costs through adoption of normal job costing, Chuck is not conversant with the limitations associated with normal job costing. However, Chuck does not have sufficient accounting knowledge. As a result, his advice to Leonard is ineffic
The objective of this lesson is to make the students understand the Louisiana Purchase. By the end of this lesson, the student should understand why this purchase happened, the importance of this purchase, why the deal happened and how it affected the United States and its rise to become a major world power. The students should also be able to understand how the United States would be if the Louisiana Purchase never happened. The students will be able to understand how this purchase defined the United States history politically, socially, and economically. Common Core State Standards Readiness standards Standard 10: Ability to read and effectively comprehend complex informational texts in an independent and proficient manner. Overview To ensure that students have a better understanding of the Louisiana Land Purchase, the lesson will involve the use of visuals. One of the biggest issues that raised a lot of controversies was the fact that this new territory was home to a number of foreigners, most of whom were African American slaves. The opponents of this purchase argued that this purchase would lead to cases where the United States will be home to a higher number of slaves despite the effort by the leaders to fight slavery. To make students understand this concept in an effective manner, the teacher will use images to help enhance student’s ability to understand this topic. There are a number of YouTube movies that also explain the Louisiana Purchase. These movies explain both the benefits and challenges associated with this purchase. Using these movies will enhance students’ knowledge about the pros and cons of this purchase. The short films will be particularly important to slow learners who may find it complex to understand this important historical fact. Using of maps will also enable the students to understand the significance of this purchase (Haynes 28). The map will enable the students to understand the shape of the United States before the purchase. The following is the map that will be used in this lesson. Figure 1: Louisiana Purchase. Source (Lynette 46) Preparation   * This lesson requires students to understand the significance of Louisiana Purchase. The students should specifically understand the reasons for, benefits, and challenges of the purchase. To facilitate the teaching process, it will be necessary to have relevant books, journal articles, video clips, maps, and relevant website sources.   * The teacher will need to develop a list of words that students should understand before starting the lesson. Understanding these words will help in eliminating any difficulty in comprehending the concepts that will be taught in class.   * The teacher will then develop class notes in form of PowerPoint presentation that will be given to the students during the class lesson. The teacher intends to prepare the notes and send them to the students, hours before the classes begi
Suggesting his interpretation of group therapy and introducing the factors that supposedly affect the therapy outcomes, Trull has clearly made a breakthrough in the realm of psychotherapy. While each of these factors can be traced in any intervention process, some of them affect the curative process to a greater degree than others. In the video concerning a therapy session carried out for five participants, several key curative factors can be observed, yet only four of them play the pivoting role in the intervention outcomes. One must admit, though, that planting the concept of altruism into the group in order to carry out the therapy successfully is not an easy task. As the video records show, the concept of altruism was not pushed into the therapy procedure forcefully; quite on the contrary, the woman leading the procedure stated in a rather straightforward manner that any instances of breach of ethics would be quite understandable. However, it was her trust with the participants of the procedure that created the atmosphere, which was favorable for further altruistic relationships development: “I can’t promise that everyone else will respect the confidentiality of the group, but I think I know you all well enough to think that
Introduction Child development can be defined as changes that occur in a human being starting from the time they are born extending to the close of adolescence. These changes include both biological and psychological which are influenced by various factors which may include; environmental, learning, genetics and pre-natal life. The major ones that contribute to these changes are environmental and genetics defined as maturation. These two interactively lead to a healthy child growth. Developmental stages may be divided into several periods depending with the child’s age. These include; newborn 0-1 month, infant 1month-1yr, toddler 1-3yrs, pre-schoolar 3-6 yrs, school- age 6-13 yrs, teenage/adolescent 13-20yrs. All these sages are important as specific development are expected to take place, therefore all the necessities should be but in place to enhance a healthy growth. Development is a continuous process where one stage leads to the next and as such, success is to be endeavored at all the above mentioned stages. It is a common thing for some children to attain certain developmental millstone earlier or later in relation to the given average time frames. Several theories have been formulated such as the attachment, behavioral, ecological system theories and many more all in attempt of explaining child development. During the age of 1-3yrs;toddler, much growth is achieved and great changes also take place, the child also have opinions and can solve problems and important of all is that the child learns to be independent. Toddlerhood is therefore, the most critical stage in a child development. Various aspects of development in toddlerhood In the society, child development is very crucial and therefore knowing the Cognitive, motor, social, emotional, moral, physical appearances and language development and the strategies that can be employed to enhance this development at this various stages is very crucial. Cognitive development of a toddler Play and imitation form major activities in cognitive growth. Toddlers are very curious of what takes place in the world for example, they can try mixing several ingredients as they see adults do and at some times they try to explore various things on their own, for instance they can opt to discover what happens if one drops a glass or throws something like a ball into water. At this stage, the child does things repeatedly as a method of learning. It is in this stage that adults find challenges in bringing up a child as he/she will always imitate even the most dangerous activities and also try to discover through various experiments (Charlesworth 2010). At the age of 18 months representational thinking develops whereby a child is in a position to think over a problem before taking any action. For instance if t
Nurses play a significant role in the promotion of health in the public sector. Each community has its own different culture, values, and beliefs. In this scenario, a nurse’s work is to understand the principles and views of the community in which they are practicing their clinical work (Murdaugh et al., 2019). Therefore, this essay will highlight various critical roles that professional nurses play while executing their healthcare sector duties. Nurses guide the people on how to use their medication and how it complies or contradicts with other prescriptions. They also arrange for follow-ups on the rational utilization of the drugs administered, especially to the older adults in a community, as these are individuals who need to be guided on the use of the drugs (Murdaugh et al., 2019). Caregivers also deliver consultation on any treatment and symptoms that a patient presents to the health facility. Moreover, they are required to familiarize themselves with the community’s beliefs on the birth, initiation, and death rituals so that they can respect and appreciate the population’s rites (Murdaugh et al., 2019). Similarly, nurses help in administering medicines to hospitalized or outpatients, which aids in promoting health since the individuals get adequate and correct doses. The Health Belief Model is a theoretical concept that allows nurses to predict the behaviors and beliefs of the people in a community towards medical health. Clinicians find this model beneficial because it can be used to determine a patient’s conduct, thus enabling the care provider to find an appropriate way to treat and oversee medication for the clients. The Health Belief Model also assists the nurse in comprehending the patient’s reaction to the diagnosis of some diseases that may be stigmatized in a community (Murdaugh et al., 2019). It also allows the caregiver to understand the rites performed when an individual passes on, the perception of the public on immunizations and vaccines, and how they can administer the vaccines by educating and negotiating with the community. The nurses also get the opportunity to create awareness to the populations and help them understand the efficacy of the medicine and immunization as this will help promote health in the society. Reference Murdaugh, C., Pender, N., & Parsons, M. (2019). Health promotion in nursing practice (8 th ed.). Pearson.
Introduction The Palestinian-Israeli films have created a picture of the general situation in the region. The films are diverse. They are in the form of fiction or documentaries. These films revolve around conflict, political systems, cultural systems, and the personalities of prominent individuals in these societies. Moreover, the films have won international recognition through awards. These are especially the movies aimed at criticizing the conflict or creating a peaceful co-existence between the Jews and the Arabs, who are at the epicenter of the conflict. Movies and films on the Palestine-Israeli conflict have been directed on a global scale. Some analysts argue that no liberalization struggle has ever been well documented for a global audience than that of the Israeli and Palestine (Gers, 2008). The good work of revealing the situation on the ground is conducted despite numerous restrictions, especially by the Israeli authorities who interfere with the production and distribution of the films. These authorities also curtail the viewing of such material by the public. There have been increased necessities for the two governments to use films to enhance dialogue and find a permanent solution to the increased animosity. The films have been used to enhance the social relationship between the Arabs and the Jews who are the occupants of the affected region. The filmmakers, actors, writers, and the crew who all have critical roles to play enhance film dialogue (Sallinas, 2009). This paper will reveal the impact of older films on the Israel-Palestine conflict. It will highlight how contemporary movies have had positive significance in the quest for peace in the region. The film industry has been scrutinized to shape society either positively or negatively (Harvey, 2005). Subsequently, there have been calls for the adoption of ethics and professionalism in this industry. Emerging studies have shown that the film industry is an important institution in the ongoing peace-building motive. Movies have been instrumental in portraying the day-to-day lives of the people as well as the security and political situation (Tessler, 1994). The Palestine-Israel Conflict Movies The movies and films have had positive as well as negative effects. The older movies that aim at showing the situation between the two countries have been viewed to be mainly based. This has exacer
Introduction Surrealism is one of the well-known cultural movements of the 20 th century characterized by visual artworks and writings of various philosophers. That movement was founded at the beginning of 1920s by a French writer and theorist Andre Breton. Surrealism is not just a simple form of art that is studied by numerous writers; it is a way of how people look at life and understand it from political, philosophical, aesthetical, and social perspectives. The best representatives of surrealism were Salvador Dali, Sigmund Freud, Max Ernst, and Marcel Duchamp. Captivating writings and masterpieces of great people made a considerable impact on the development of surrealism. One of the philosophers, who significantly influenced surrealism, was Sigmund Freud. To analyze how exactly surrealism was connected to Freud’s theories, it is necessary to identify the peculiarities of surrealism, to evaluate Freud’s theory, and find out how Freud’s ideas influenced the works of popular surrealists, Max Ernst, for example. The Essence of Surrealism Surrealism grew out of another, not less popular movement, Dada. The peculiar feature of Dada movement was the idea to present anti-art works and to underline the darkness and sorrow of war. In its turn, surrealistic movement was characterized by more positive expression of reality. “The objective of surrealism was the infinite expansion of reality as a substitute for the previously accepted dichotomy between the real and the imaginary.” (Balakian 14) One more peculiar feature of surrealism is that it is not one specific style, but the union of several styles, which are based on the same idea – to present the reality. This is why it is possible to define surrealism as “psychic automatism in its pure state by which we propose to express – verbally, in writing, or any other manner – the real process of thought.” (Leslie 59) Sigmund Freud and His Theories When we talk about surrealism, we cannot but remember such a brilliant philosopher, whose works made a certain impact on surrealism and its understanding, as Sigmund Freud. The ideas of this person changed lots of worlds, the world of psychology and art in particular. His idea of having a kind of fixation on sex and that having sex may be considered as an explanation of all human’s mental ills attracts lots of people and cause numerous misunderstandings of the others. Freud did not afraid to break any boundaries, offer, and prove his own ideas and visions. His theories of psychosexual development, dreams, id, ego, and superego played a significant role in the history of art. As for surrealism movement, it is better to pay attention to one of Freud’s theories, the theory of dreams, where Freud called dreams as a kind of road to the unconscious. In other words, Freud was s
In light of the recent information breach issues and the increase in the number of cyberattacks, the significance of information security has become especially high. By leaving loopholes in its information security management (ISM) approach, a company not only jeopardizes its own success but also endangers every single staff member working for it. The exposure of people’s personal data to the third party is inadmissible; therefore, it is crucial that a proper assessment tool for the efficacy of the information security management approach should be introduced into the company’s framework. Although the current ISM strategy has proven to deliver quite positive results for the entrepreneurship in question, it may have several debts according to the current ISO 27001 standards, particularly, in terms of executing control over the provision of information security. Therefore, a tool that will allow for consistent supervision of the subject matter should be introduced into the framework with a preliminary test (Hsu & Marinucci, 2012). According to the existing description of the standard, the process of facilitating a control over the data management processes in a company is crucial to the security of its members. Seeing that the tools for executing control over the data flow processes occurring in a company are very numerous, the current standards state that it is up to the managers to locate the appropriate ones. However, the supervision thereof is imperative: The selection of controls is dependent upon organizational decisions based on the criteria for risk acceptance, risk treatment options and the general risk management approach applied to the organization, and should also be subject to all relevant national and international legislation and regulations. Control selection also depends on the manner in which controls interact to provide defence in depth. ( ISO/IEC TR 27008:2011 Information technology — Security technique