ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Addictions affecting women are the result of processes and substances . Caused by psychiatric disorders, escaping negative emotions, thrill-seeking, envy, and desire to protest against capitalism and grab media attention, the named process addictions effects are loss of money, dissatisfied husbands, and danger to reputation. Caused by heredity, thrill-seeking, improper pulse control, peer emulation, and escaping negative emotions, the named substance addictions effects are marital disharmony, dissatisfied and often disgusted husbands, damaged jobs reputations, the risk to health, and loss of money. Cures should be sought for addiction speedily if the relationship between female addicts and their families are to be resurrected and resumed. Bad habits should not be allowed to degenerate into addictions. Introduction Addictions can be classified into two groups: Process Addiction and Substance Addiction. Process Addiction is caused by chemicals discharged into the brain to get the feeling of ‘high,’ whereas Substance Addiction involves the use of external substances to generate feelings of excessive well-being or elation {‘high’}. The addictions in the former group that commonly claim women are Shoplifting Addiction, Compulsive Shopping Addiction, and Compulsive Gambling Addiction. In the Substance Addiction category, women usually indulge in Food, Alcohol, and Drugs in that order of priority; however, addiction of women to alcohol and drugs is more prevalent in Western countries than elsewhere. Shoplifting Addiction Shoplifting is the only crime that many people will agree to have committed at least once in their lives. It starts as a romantic, spontaneous action but soon turns into a focus of relief from problems in life (Shulman, 2004, p.52). Women, more than men, tend to engage in shoplifting. The term ‘shoplifting’ was invented around the year 2000 to mark the difference between theft of food by poor people and the new, rapidly spreading instances of middle-class women who were stealing from departmental stores in the U.S. The first cause is women using it as an excuse to take their minds off personal problems or emotional stresses in life (Shulman, 2004, p.87) or to act out suppressed sexual urges which affect their natural tendency to value affiliation . It is no wonder therefore that shoplifting in the U.S during the 196s was very high as the culprits were single, divorcees, or widows. Women become addicted to the rush of adrenaline afforded by shoplifting (Shulman, 2004, p.84). Some women do it not because they like it but purely for financial gain. Shoplifting enables lower-class women to attain quick access to high-class status. Some women consider th
The narrator of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Herland is known as Vandyck Jennings. The societal name of the narrator is also known as Van. The main characters of the article are Terry Nicholson and Jeff Margrave. Herland is discovered by one of three American adventurers called Jeff. The two main characters join a science-based excursion to one of the world’s most prominent few residual undiscovered places, even if Van departs the precise location deliberately vague as he narrates the tale. Van is an anthropologist out to gain knowledge on everything he can, and one of three people on an excursion vacation into the desert of a landmass remotely similar to South America, along with rich and powerful American Terry O. Nicholson, who funds the tour, and Jeff Margrave, a smug, arrogant physician. Van struggles with Herland current societal configuration, but he also comprehends and adapts to create a transition “They might stay if we told them. Van is portrayed as the more rational of the two characters, Terry and Jeff. Terry was wealthy enough to do what he wanted. His main goal was to explore. He always had to make all sorts of a commotion as there was nothing left to discover presently, just motley collection and trying to fill in, he explained (Gilman 20). He filled in admirably; he possessed many skills, particularly in mechanical systems and power generation. He owned a variety of vessels and automobiles and was a skilled pilot. We might not have done this without Terry’s help. “Terry was well-versed in atmospheric science and geographic location” (Gilman 22). Terry was someone who was ecstatic about the excursion and agreed to join it. He built an aircraft, and they used it to arrive in Herland. He carefully orchestrated everything. Van and Jeff understand why he is so eager to go over there: the territory is teeming with ladies, and Terry adores women. In his private heart, Terry had imaginings of a kind of dissolved warmer months resort—just ladies, ladies, girls—and that he was going to be all right. Terry was familiar with females even when other male soldiers were present, and it’s not surprising that he had sweet dreams of what could occur (Gilman 45). Terry inspires them all to investigate Herland’s womanist perfect society. He’s a well-to-do youthful aviator. Terry is very appreciative to be a guy. Terry appears to be an optimistic, courageous “Those natives can’t get into i
The Walt Disney Company was established in the year 1923 by two brothers: Roy Disney and Walt Disney. The company started from a very humble beginning as a cartoon studio, but later ventured deeply into the entertainment industry by introducing its own films such as the animated films. Today this company has many affiliate companies and also sells consumer products such as clothes and electronics. Moreover, Walt Disney Company has improved its productivity because of good organizational culture that is practiced by employees and stakeholders of the organization. Disney encouraged people to participate in the civil war by producing pieces that expressed the theme of fighting during the First World War. Victory Through Air Power and Education for Death are among the films that were used to spread awareness during the civil war. However, Walt Disney died in 1966, and five years later his brother also passed on. Their death was a big blow to the company, but fortunately the people who were left in charge of the company had been trained by the two brothers, and thus they were able to follow their legacy (Neal, 2007). The success of Walt Disney Company is owed to its strong emphasis on values and work ethics. The company’s values include innovation, quality, community, storytelling, optimism, and decency. The values are part of Disney’s core mission of “providing quality entertainment for people around the world” (Disney, n.d, para. 2). The company has an established code of ethics that must be observed by all employees regardless of their location or duty. The company is committed to the wellness of its employees and this is done by availing a favorable working environment where there are adequate and efficient channels of communication between the employees and the administrators. In addition, Neal (2009) outlines that the company strives to produce goods and services of the best quality which is essential to meeting its customers’ needs. The items and services offered by Disney are regularly vetted to make sure they are safe. The success of quality is attributed to efficient communication between the customers and the company; customers provide feedback on Disney’s products to help the company in improving product quality. Cohesion is also encouraged at Walt Disney, which makes it possible for employees to team up in achieving organizational goals. The teams at Walt Disney are comprised of people from various backgrounds and it is this diversity that guarantees excellence due to the difference in skills and abilities. Likewise, the company is recognized as an equal opportunity employer because it does not discriminate against race, gender or any other matter. Furthermore, if an employee has to be fired there are established procedures that
The listed compounds are grouped based on their action: Neurotransmission inhibitors Number of toxins target sympathetic and parasympathetic synapses and nerve muscle junctions with acetylcholine neurotransmitter released from presynaptic nerve terminals. Acetylcholine diffuses through synaptic clefts and bind to specific nicotinic or cholinergic postsynaptic receptors, and opens the acetylcholine (ligand) gated Na + channels to accomplish rapid intake of sodium and depolarization of nerve fiber (Tortora & Grabowski 2003, p. 397, 575). Equivalent efflux of intracellular K + through K + channels re-polarizes the nerves. Depending on nature of toxin, the action could be pre- or postsynaptic (Karalliedde 1995). Cobratoxins and α-Bungarotixin – According to Marshall (1981), α-Bungarotixin reversibly blocks the postsynaptic action potential, particularly depolarization. Immunocytochemistry with acetylcholine receptor antibody reveals that toxin binds towards the proximal end of postganglionic neurons and prevents acetylcholine binding. Cholinergic agonists compete with α-Bungarotixin and resume conduction of nerve impulse. Kumar et al. (1999) categorized cobra neurotoxins, of which α-Cobratoxin’s action resembles to th
Conflict Resolution and Mediation The conflict that comes out between Stephen Rogers and Damon Clause is that of goal differences and the difference regarding the authority. Damon and Stephen had been working in a harmonious environment. They both knew their role within their enterprise and this resulted in the growth of the firm. When both parties accepted to hire an extra person to work as an office manager, it was apparent that the work was overwhelming and therefore, there was a need to hire an extra force. However, the dispute that arises shows that there was no full consultation when assigning the new employee her role. It appears that there was a form of insubordination in the process of assigning this new employee her role in the firm. This is because the nature of conflict shows that Damon feels that Alina has taken up his role in the firm. When he says that Alina has taken strategic roles within the firm, Damon demonstrates that Alina is doing tasks that Damon feels should be done by the two owners. The decision that Damon has made over this issue further points to some deeper issues that might not have been resolved as soon as they arose. Damon has already made a decision that Alina should be fired for undertaking duties that are not within her jurisdiction. What this demonstrates is that Damon is not comfortable with the presence of Alina because he feels that Alina subordinates him. The response from Stephen shows that there might be a serious conflict between the two that may lead to the fallout between the two individuals. This may be serious jeopardy to a firm which is otherwise performing very well within the past few years. Stephen does not think that Alina is overstepping her mandate in any way. Stephen’s response shows that he is very comfortable with Alina in the firm and that her work is satisfactory. There must be a way through which the two parties can resolve their differences to ensure that the eminent fall of the firm is avoided. This study focuses on ways through which the two parties can resolve their disputes in a win-win scenario. Mediation and Arbitration Mediation may be the best way through which the two entrepreneurs can resolve their disputes. Arbitration refers to a process of resolving disputes where the two conflicting parties choose an unbiased person to resolve the controversy, and they agree in advance to agree with the decision that will be made by the arbitrator. Mediation refers to a process where the conflicting parties are helped to resolve their disputes by an impartial person, who is known as a mediator (Wallensteen, 2007). The two parties must be willing to participate in this mediation process, and they should be comfortable with the person who is standing in as the mediator. The mediation will be important because both sides will have an oppor
Rosewood Hotel operates as a multinational company in the hospitality industry. By 2003, the firm had established 12 outlets in different parts of the world. Since its inception, the firm had developed recognition due to its effectiveness in enhancing the value of its property. According to Kotler and Keller (21), branding is an important element in the success of a firm because it contributes towards creation of a high competitive advantage. The firm had integrated the concept of individual branding. The objective of this branding strategy was to entrench its core value of ‘Sense of Place. As a result, the firm has been able to position itself by providing differentiated and unique products. According to Schultz, Antorini and Csaba (40), a firm may either adopt a corporate or an individual branding strategy. Rosewood faced intense competition from both individually branded hotels and corporate branded hotels. Examples of corporate branded firms which Rosewood competed with include firms such as Ritz-Carlton, Four Seasons, One & Only, St. Regis and Mandarin Oriental Hotel. On the other hand, individually branded firms which the firm competed with include Orient Express, Auberge, and Rock Resorts. Pros and cons of moving from individual brands to corporate brands, customer lifetime value, brand strategy The firm’s management team realized that individual branding was not effective for the firm as a multinational firm. Individual branding strategy was not operational to various Rosewood outlets located in different parts of the world and had adopted the same branding strategy. This limited the firm’s competitiveness in the international market. This arose from the fact that the customers who were loyal to the firm could not receive the unique characteristic of the hotel. As a result, they patronized the competing hotels which have incorporated strong brands. This means that moving from individual branding to corporate branding can result into the firm creating a strong customer relationship on a global scale. Additionally, moving to corporate branding will enhance the firm’s market position within the luxury hotel industry. By adopting the corporate branding strategy, Rosewood was able to improve on its status symbol thus attracting a large number of customers. Corporate branding strategy enabled the firm to integrate frequent stay program. The program led into a significant increment in the annual average rate of repeat purchases amongst customers from 1.2 per customer to 1.3 per customer. Additionally, the average stay also doubled from 5% to 10%. This illustrates that there is a high probability of the firm being effective in delivering value to its customers. There is a high probability of the firm being efficient in its service delivery. This arises from the fact that the firm will be able to understand the customers’ habits more effectively. However, there are some risks associated with integrating corporate branding strategy. The strategy may result into the firm incurring high costs with regar
All the time people have tried to find the answers for a lot of psychological questions, including the essence of perception, awareness, knowledge, and their relationship. During only last two centuries the world has seen many new definitions of social behavior. The Renaissance was marked by the emergence of the scientific method that helped uncover the main postulates of truth. Still, the modern view is based on the ability of science to reveal the world’s internal links, relationships, causes and effects, in particular the ones governing the social and psychological world of human beings. Among the processes involved in human activities, the ones of cognition and knowledge interpretation occupy the central place. Studying them was a challenge for traditional sciences, but with the emergence of cognitive learning theory, the majority of troubling issues have been solved. Modern psychology is a complex system of disciplines, different stages of formation, associated with various areas of practice. One of such departments is Cognitivism; the cognitive paradigm poses the main interest in the topic of mind as a “black box” that can be understood through research. Cognitivism is a heterogeneous concept, merging the theoretical and methodological issues. Such interpretations have brought new mental pabulum to scientists. It was a real revolution in understanding and research of the people’s cognition. Such theory began to fill up with new assumptions, and famous psychologists took an active interest in cognitivism. A very interesting and comprehensive theory was proposed by an American psychologist Edward Tolman. Initiating the field of “purposive behaviorism”, the scientist took an active interest in the fundamental notions that organism produces behavior for the sake of fulfilling the function of accommodation to the environment. But later Tolman changed his own position determining behavior as holistic, purposive, and cognitive. Tolman’s contribution to the theory of cognition is in his research of the cognition nature: he found cognition to be related to a pattern of stimuli and serving for coping purposes. He coined the term “cognitive map”, which dealt with the intrinsic reflection of the perceived outer environment (Sahakian, 1976). The researcher claimed that individuals acquire the idea of objects in the physical space surrounding them, and through locating those concepts in their mind map the process of cognition is actually researched (Olson, 2008). Albert Bandura has also made his contribution to the development of Cogn
Aim The purpose of this experiment is to verify the principle that the resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length by using Ohm’s law. Background By definition “the idea of potential difference states that charged objects set up electric fields about them. The strength of the field varies with direction and distance from the object depending on the charge distribution of the object” (Cutnell & Johnson 1998, p. 588). For this reason, diverse points will not always have the same potential difference or voltage in the field. As a result of different potential, there will be movement of charges in one direction. Potential Difference is commonly known as voltage. Determination voltage or potential difference is always carried out between two potential points. Electric Current is the movement or flow of electric charges. A charge can be either positive or negative. The nucleus of an atom is enclosed by negatively charged protons, which circulate around it. An electric current can consist of positive, negative or both types of charge (Cutnell & Johnson 1998, p. 589). An electric current is either direct or alternating, depending on its source. Direct current flows in one direction alternating current on the other hand regularly reverses its direction of flow. It is produced by AC generators and is used in most homes. Each time AC completes two changes of direction, it completes one whole cycle. The number of cycles per second is called the frequency of the AC. Ohm’s Law is a mathematical formula that expresses the relationship between the Potential difference, electric current, and resistance in a circuit. The German Physicist, George Ohm discovered this relationship in 1826 (Cutnell & Johnson 1998, p. 590). When applied to a direct-current circuit, Ohm’s Law states, that the electromotive force (E) measured in volts =the current (I) in amperes multiplied by the resistance (R) in ohms; Therefore E = IR. …. (1) When the law is used for an alternating-current circuit, resistance is replaced by impedance (Z), also in ohms. “The flow of alternating current produces a counter electromotive force, which resists the current” (Cutnell & Johnson 1998, p. 591). The strength of such resistance depends on how rapidly the current alternates. Impedance consists of resistance, called reactants n combined with the circuits’ regular resistance to direct current. Materials and Methods   * 100cm of constantan wire   * Ammeter   * Voltmeter   * Battery   * Crocodile clips Method  1. The apparatus was set up as in the diagram above and the voltageacross the wire was set to be 3Volts.  2. The initial length of the Constantan wire was set to be 1metre (100 centimeters). The current was measured using the ammeter and the result recorded.  3. The distance between the crocodile clips was adjusted until it was 90 cm as measured with the meter rule. The voltage adjusted and the current recorded.  4. The value of the current through the wire was measured using the ammeter and recorded. This is repeated with 10cm intervals  5. The length of wire between the crocodile cl
Introduction The Revolutionary War was a result of the British colonies in America banding together and revolt against a tyrannical government. Britain had ruled over the thirteen colonies in America for more than 200 years before the Revolution. The colonists had no industry, as mandated by British law, so to create wealth. Farmers were forced to sell crops such as tobacco and corn exclusively to the British government at less than wholesale rates. The ‘Mother Country’ in turn made huge profits by reselling these products. This loss of revenue began in earnest the widespread grumblings demanding freedom from Britain. By the beginning of the Revolution, the wars against France fought on both sides of the Atlantic had burdened Britain with the massive national debt. To ease the national debt, Parliament imposed taxes on the colonists believing it only fair that they bear part of the expenses incurred by the British military in protecting them from Indian attacks and French invasions. The Stamp Act taxed paper goods sent to the colonies. It was the first of these laws while, with the tea tax, was one of the most infamous. The colonists thought taxation without representation in the British government to be unjust and openly protested these laws which led to hostilities between British troops and the Massachusetts Minutemen in 1775. This and other conflicts with the ‘Red Coats’ led to colonists forming the Continental Congress which immediately created the Continental Army and in 1776, signed the Declaration of Independence (The American Revolution, 2006). Main body Many colonists were, of course, British either by birth or heritage and a significant percentage remained loyal to the Crown. Besides being burdened by far-off supply lines and fighting a ground war against guerilla tactics, the British had to pacify the Loyalists who were indistinguishable from the enemy. Ensuring Loyalist support was crucial for the British because the objective of fighting the far-off war was to retain the colonies. The more local support they had, the easier the task. If support in America vanished, the war would be lost without firing another shot and the British were very aware of this. The Loyalists had friends and relatives among the ranks of the rebels and objected to oppressive tactics for which the British were historically infamous. Having to keep an alliance with Loyalists came at a heavy price; the British were ‘handcuffed’ militarily speaking. “The need to retain Loyalist allegiance also meant that the British were unable to use the harsh methods of suppressing rebellion e