ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) comprise a significant part of the economy of Dubai. In 2011, Hawkamah and Dubai SME conducted a survey investigating the importance of corporate governance for SMEs. The results indicated that almost eighty percent of SMEs found corporate governance important or even vital for their activities. According to OECD (2004, p. 11), ‘corporate governance involves a set of relationships between a company’s management, its board, its shareholders and provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set, and the means of attaining those objectives and monitoring performance are determined’. Dubai SME’s Corporate Governance Code was created to eliminate barriers to the efficient implementation of corporate governance reforms. The Code includes nine pillars that aim to establish efficient corporate governance in SMEs of Dubai. Although nine pillars cover the most significant principles of corporate governance, several issues such as leadership and security may be added to them. Dubai SME Small and medium-sized enterprises in Dubai may be identified as a company with the overall turnover of no more than two hundred million UAE dirhams. Also, SME cannot have more than two hundred fifty employees. According to Dubai SME (2014), these types of enterprises comprise the cornerstone of the economy of Dubai. More than ninety percent of companies may be classified as SMEs in Dubai. As a result, SMEs provide working opportunities for almost fifty percent of residents of the Emirate. Also, it is necessary to mention that Dubai SME is also the name of the agency of the Department of Economic Development of Dubai. This agency initiated the study of the corporate governance of this sector of business in Dubai. General Definition of Nine Pillars Nine pillars of the Corporate Governance Code were initially implemented in public and large organizations. However, the survey conducted by Dubai SME demonstrated that small and medium-sized enterprises could benefit from establishing principles of corporate governance as well. According to Parmar (2011), new regulations were suggested for companies to demonstrate their dedication to corporate governance and to improve business relations with investors and banks. The author also dwelled on the fact that introducing new recommendations were rather a challenging task because SMEs did not recognize substantial difficulties due to the lack of proper corporate governance. Dubai SME emphasizes that nine pillars should be considered as recommendations for further improvement and development. Hawkamah, the corporate governance institute, and Dubai SME have developed practices that are universal for a wide variety of organizations regardless of their management approaches, size, the structure of ownership, and other differences between companies’ operations. Nine pillars describe several broad aspects. First, they include recommendations about procedures and policies connected with corporate governance. Second, they describe the p
Despite the fact that poor quality products are banned for sale in the United States and Europe, these products still find their way into other markets outside the stated markets. Some countries, especially the developing countries, are thus being flooded with recycled, old, obsolete or damaged goods from the international markets. This poses a very big problem to local producers in such countries and it is also a potential time bomb that is bound to weaken international trade ties. With the contemporary efforts that companies and countries are making towards getting a share of the international market, the aforementioned habitual exportation of poor quality goods is bound to phase itself out. Developing countries have been fairly associated with all sorts of problems. These countries are normally subjected to unfair trade agreements by other countries that offer them development assistance. It is these agreements that pave way for importation of poor quality goods in the developing countries. A development partner may offer to aid a given developing country to construct roads with the terms that all the materials to be used in this project will come from the country undertaking the project. This attracts exploitation of the developing country since the country may not have a choice. Thus poor quality construction materials will be imported to the country. The exportation of poor quality goods is bound to bring problems to both parties involved. The country to which the goods are exported will indubitably face problems from the competition of products from local manufacturers with the imported products. The imported products are bound to decrease the demand for locally manufactured products since, with their poor quality, they will most probably be offered at low prices. The other problem will be the effects that these poor-quality products will have on the consumers. For instance, the stated case of a road built with poor-quality materials, the road will most probably get damaged quickly. This will lead to dissatisfaction of stakeholders in its country of domicile. The effect of this will be that the exporter who provided the goods and services to the country may be banned from transacting with the country. With the stated contemporary efforts y companies and countries to sustainably establish themselves in the international markets and with the contemporary consumers who value quality, such practices as the exportation of poor quality goods are bound to become the contemporary dinosaurs. Consumers are increasingly fishing for goods from the international markets in order to get quality goods. It, therefore, follows that when the quality is compromised, they will have nothing to do with the company or country providing the goods and with time, the exporters of poor quality goods will have to produce and export quality products. Although there are a number of factors that make it hard to completely phase out the exportation of poor quality products,
Introduction Political economy is vital to existence and expansion of any country. This is evident in ancient empires, which used political economy to strengthen their grip on colonies. For instance, Imperialism, which is currently utilized in United States, was developed by Assyrians. Moreover, use of electric batteries, flush toilets, paved roads and locks were used in Assyria before modernization. Furthermore, their farming techniques were advanced with irrigation forming a major part of cultivation. These were great advancements at the time. No wonder they are considered among the greatest civilizations of ancient times. Their ability to unify cities in times when war was the order of things was exemplary. This brings to focus the importance of good administration and political economy. This paper will discuss civilization as conveyed by ancient empires such as Egyptians, Assyrians, Macedonians, Aztecs, Incas and the Maya (Gascoigne 1). Among the ideologies brought forth in ancient times, none has matched Assyrians. Their excellent and evolutionary political skills as well as administration were very important in world revolution. Other empires also helped shape the world. These included Egyptians, Incas, Aztecs, Macedonians and the Maya. For instance, Egyptians contributed to writings as well as Assyrians. Incas on the other hand, were well organized with division of labor and specialization being the major benefits from their culture. Maya on the other hand were very good at influencing their neighbors without use of violence. Moreover, they contributed greatly to philosophy, astronomy and literature among others. This is same with Aztecs, who were very crucial in alliances and political studies. Macedonians were so powerful that enemies trembled at their feet. Moreover, they had well trained soldiers with witty leaders such a Philips II, among others. It is also important to note the artifacts and architecture seen in Aztecs and Mayan times. These were very influential to modern world (Ancient Military 1). The Egyptians Egyptian empire was great in the ancient times. It conquered several other empires and was victorious in many occasions. However, its popularity was mainly on its contribution to civilization inn agriculture, medicine, literature and mathematics, among others. Egyptian people settled in Northern part of Africa around the banks of River Nile. They cultivated land near river Nile and used very sophisticated canals in irrigation systems. River Nile provided water for the rich valley in which they cultivated their crops. Egyptians were ruled by hereditary kings known as the Pharaoh. The peak of their civilization coalesced in 3,150 BC, during time of first Pharaoh. Its contributions to civilization during these periods included storage pyramids for grain, techniques for medicine and algebraic mathematical systems, which are still utilized to day. Other contributions to civilization included writing, architecture and embalming, among others. However, the Roman Empire conquered and reduced it to a province by
Introduction The collaboration of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) with the Robert Johnson Foundation is among the key initiatives for the Future of Nursing. The principal goal of the project is to conduct a study that would produce a transformational report on the future of nursing as a profession. An innovative committee chosen for the project will evaluate the capacity and effectiveness of the nursing workforce in regard to meeting the needs and demands of the public healthcare system. This examination will lead to the development of national recommendations associated with the positive delivery of nursing services to the population. It is also intended to produce recommendations regarding the societal issues, the capacities of nursing schools, innovative solutions in the nursing practice, as well as attracting and retaining personnel. Key messages of the project In the course of the study, four key messages were formulated in order to guide the positive changes within the nursing practice. First, nurses should practice to the most complete extent that is allowed within their training and education. Second, nurses should reach the highest education and training levels through the enhanced system of training that promotes effective academic progression. Third, nurses are intended to be in full partnership with physicians and other professionals within the healthcare sphere in the shaping of effective health care. Fourth, efficient workforce planning and policy-shaping require enhanced data collection procedures as well as improved infrastructures of information (IOM Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, 2011). The collaboration of the IOM with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation intends to reach goals in a variety of activities, including stakeholder work, partnerships with nurses, patients, educators, policymakers, and insurers. These efforts are supported by Action Coalitions that would build connections between local stakeholders within states to facilitate change at both local and national levels. The role of the coalitions in the state-wide improvement of the nursing practice is linked to their strategic orientation. For example, the shift to the strategic activation and partnership development implies the “move beyond nursing and focus on improving health and health care for consumers and their families” or “have the courage to place the rig
Background Starbucks is world’s number one coffee and coffeehouse company. It is situated in 55 countries. The first branch was opened by Jerry Baldwin , Zev Siegl , and Gordon Bowker on March 30, 1971 (Starbucks Corporate website, 2010). This paper takes a looks at Starbucks in Europe. How many store? Starbucks Company has over 666 stores distributed across Europe. The branches have been developed through buyouts and franchising. Though the branches are operated and managed differently they have a similar code of conduct that they must uphold always (Starbucks Corporate website, 2010). Which countries? In Europe, the company is not concentrated in one nation but has diversified its business to a number of nations; it ventured in individual countries at different times. It is operational in 25 countries and a pilot survey is ongoing to analyse the chances of expanding to Ukraine and Italy . It is available in the following nations; Portugal , Austria , Belgium , Germany Portugal , Russia , Sweden , Czech Republic , Hungary Ireland , United Kingdom Denmark , Netherlands , Poland , Bulgaria , Greece , Turkey , Cyprus Hungary Ireland France , Jersey , Romania , Switzerland and Spain (Starbucks Corporate website, 2010). Profits in Europe After some takeovers of businesses making losses, the company has reversed the trend in Europe and make profits. In 2007, the company made 1,986.9 millions, in 2008 2, 1856.0 millions and in 2009, 1732.6 million. This is a portion of approximately 6% of the company’s total profit; majority of the company’s profit come from United State. The drop in profits in 2009 is attributed to global financial crisis which started in 2007. The company external auditors are Deloitte and Touché; it is responsible for both local branches (United States Branches) and international branches (Starbucks Corporation Fiscal year 2009 Annual report, 2010). Profits for the past years have been attributed to sales of products in the following proportions; Product                   Percentage Beverages                 76         Food stuffs               18         Coffee making equipments  3          Whole bean coffee         3           There is a high competition in hospitality industry with a number of new entrants getting into the market every year. When did Starbucks got into Europe? The group of company got into Europe in 1998 after it acquired sixty braches of Seattle Coffee Company (the company was UK based) for a total of $83 million; it immediately rebranded the outlets as Starbucks. Before opening an outlet, the company undertakes an intensive study to ensure that it makes a sound decision. Some branches are in airports and supermarket chains. To sell wide, the company has entered into a selling contract with Kraft Company which sells to grocery stores; at the same time it sells directly to large companies like Costo Wholesale Corporation. To ensure a constant supply of raw materials, the company uses fixed price and Price to be fixed purchasing strategy. There is fluctuation of prices according to demands and supply although the company aims to be fair at all time. To acquire assets in Europe, the company used leasing method
Introduction Notions of ethical behavior are of particular concern in every professional sphere. Ethical behavior presupposes the observation of rules of honesty and morality during the execution of particular functions. Academic and professional ethics should be promoted in every working environment as far as it is essential for the respectful behavior and ethical decision-making that comprise the basis for the efficient academic and professional performance. Academic and Professional Ethics The primary distinction between academic and professional ethics refers to the target audience. Thus, students comprise the target audience of academic ethics. As a branch of knowledge, professional ethics aims at creating the efficient working environment at the university, faculty, and between staff members. According to Crews and West (2006), both professional and academic ethics “adhere to moral and ethical principles; honesty. The key to integrity is consistency — not only setting right personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living according to those standards every day” (p. 146). Principles of academic ethics predetermine students’ behavior towards each other, the educational institutions, and their academic activities
“The Ballad of Birmingham” was written in 1969 by Dudley Randall in response to a real church bombing in the city of Birmingham and became his best-known and most brilliant poem. One of the reasons why this literary work touches people’s hearts and makes its readers emotional is its tone, or in other words, the way the author seems to feel about the poem’s subject. It is rather evident that the tone of “The Ballad of Birmingham” is sympathetic. The author feels sorry for the dead child and her mother, who was sure her daughter is safe in the church and who will never be able to smile again (Randal). Also, by the end of the poem, its tone gets angry shades as the author is furious because of the injustice that all African-American people have to face violence, and because of children’s sufferings. As for the irony, the author uses this device to draw the readers’ attention to the injustice of the situation described in the poem. As the mother did not want her child to be endangered, she kept her away from the “fierce and wild” dogs, “and clubs and hoses, guns and jails” (Randal). That is why the mother sent the girl to the church, a place which is considered safe and free of any evil things, but which was bombed on that day and turned out to be dangerous and deadly. Finally, this poem has symbolism that is using various symbols for signifying qualities and ideas and giving them new meanings different from their literal ones. In this poem, the church symbolizes religion, hope, and safety; white is the symbol of purity and innocence – that is why the girl’s shoes and gloves were this color (Randal). Another symbol is the march the child wanted to go to – it symbolizes freedom. To conclude, one may say that a literary work’s subject and theme are not the only ones that make it famous and evoke readers’ emotions. For most of the poems, it is of vital importance to have some literary devices, for example, symbolism, irony, and tone, that add more feelings, ideas, and meanings to them. As for “The Ballade of Birmingham,” the literary devices used there make this poem not only a terrifying story of one family but a description of all African-Americans who suffer injustice and violence. Work Cited Randal, Dudley. “ Ballad of Birmingham. ” Poetry Foundation . Web.
Introduction and interview questions John is a 69 years old patient. He has been suffering from diabetes mellitus for the last 12 years. He was interviewed at his home and he was asked on his understanding of his disease, and whether he understood what changes in his lifestyle it might cause. Despite John being old and feeble, we gather that he is aware of the nature of his illness. First of all, he understands that his condition is manageable. He assumed that proper medications and lifestyle modifications like diet, regular physical exercise and refusal from alcohol and cigarettes, which he has done over the years, were essential to support normal health condition. He is also aware that diabetes is a chronic and incurable condition, which requires the patient’s active involvement in effective management. The second question was: What medication are you on and did your pharmacist help you understand why you need to use this medication, if yes, how, when, and under what conditions? From his answer, we found out that the patient was on insulin medication, and it was administered to him as injections. His insulin was administered 30 minutes before the meal, twice a day, to support a normal level of glucose in his blood. His pharmacist also advised him on how to use the drug and prevented him on what to expect, thus providing the patient with the necessary management and support. How easily are you able to access your medication and pharmaceutical advice on the use of drugs? How would you describe your relationships with your pharmacist? John says he has been lucky to have an easily access to his medication which he usually gets from his pharmacist after prescription. The patient sais that their relationships with pharmacist are characterized by confidentiality and trust. As a prove to this, the patient told about the case when he suffered from legal blindness, a chronic complication arising from diabetes, it was easily detected by his pharmacist who constantly monitored his blood glucose. John often addresses his pharmacist for an advise and feels well being understood by him. Do you think your pharmacist is always willing and able to help you and advise you accordingly in any arising health condition? Have you ever had any severe drug reaction? The patient assumes that he is confident in the pharmaceutical care he receives. He suffered severe drug reaction in the past and which was detected by his pharmacist who referred him to his doctor for further advice and tests. Do you think there is room for more to be done by your pharmacist to be able to effectively help you deal with your situation and improve the quality of your life? He says that he is satisfied with the services he gets from both, his doctor and pharmacist. Are you comfortable using modern technology in drug administration and in general health care? Do you think it has helped /not helped in the improvement on the quality of life in your situation? Although the patien
Introduction The race up to the inauguration of Barack Obama as President-in-waiting of the United States brought, once again, the issue of skin color to the front. By some estimates, the fact that Obama isn’t pearly white already had the odds stacked against him in the race. It was like starting a contest with one hand tied behind the back. And hence when he did win against all the odds, the world’s perspective shifted slightly as far as his race is concerned. But the debate rages on. Main body According to Abraham Verghese, who is from Africa but with Indian parents, once found himself taking up this very issue with his son, Tristan. Tristan is half Indian and half Hispanic, but they all live in the US. Now the still open-minded Tristan asked why Obama, who is of mixed parenthood, was always being called black. The question stumped Abraham, but got him thinking. He finally realized the faulty perception that lumped every mixed race into a group decidedly “not white”. And while this social-cultural divide clearly tore the nation’s demography in half, its even more sinister implications lay in the fact that this divide was seemingly accepted by even the “non-white” population in America. A popular saying implies that just an ounce of black blood in your lineage is enough to label you as black. Technically, this perception is deficient, since there is no standing view to the opposite – that an ounce of white blood can make you white. In the long held mindsets of the pearly whites, you are either pure white, or you are something else altogether. These “others” cover anything from the African tan, to the Indian variation, to the Mexican hues. Actually, a really narrow definition of whites limits it just to the Caucasian race. This effectively cuts off even the Far East populace – the Chinese, Japanese and Koreans – from the white group. So where does this leave the mixed bloods? Raging debates on the skin color of Obama seems to focus more on his parenthood. He had an African dad. But his mother was white. Effectively, that would make him something in between white and black. Those fueling the debates choose to see him as half black. The rest see him as half white. It’s the classic scenario of half empty and half full glasses- all dependent on the observant. But why should there be such a disparity in perspective? Nowhere, in his entire campaign, did Obama ever claim to be either expressly white or black. Quite clearly, issues of his skin color were a trivia to him. And he went on to pr