ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction McGraw Hill founded in the year 1884 has established itself as one of the most reputable company whose headquarters are in New York. They have a long record of professional publications including books and are currently running major offices on several continents around the globe. McGraw Hill as a publisher has been instrumental in transforming published content to make it available online from the advent of the internet a few decades ago. This company has currently an online facility that supports the viewing and downloading of various published books from their e-bookstore. These e-books can be viewed and downloaded at a fee. Further still portions of such book which may include chapters can be downloaded in portable data formats (PDFs). This has greatly revolutionized the education and academics fraternity since students, lecturers and other academicians are now able to access e-books online and download portable formats of the same at almost half the price. Currently McGraw Hill publishers are using the Primis online system to utilize this feted process and the site remains active with prospective researchers, buyers, academicians accessing the resources continuously. Primis online now makes almost all McGraw Hill publications available to prospective customers worldwide What is more is that this feature is available at almost half the price that one would spend on buying the printed edition of the book. It is highly likely that a need to expand their profits and ensure a competitive edge over other publishing companies, McGraw Hill foresaw an opportunity to make use of the internet infrastructure and integrate e-commerce features to achieve this highly innovative published content management system. In order to cut on shipment and production costs McGraw Hill realized the opportunity to use the digital divide to avail their products to their consumers and at an affordable price. Therefore one could be able to purchase a recent edition of any of McGraw Hill published e-books. The client can then pay through the electronic money transfer system and download the e-book as soft copy or better still print it out as hardcopy. The system is flexible because books can be accessed by the same at some stipulated fee. With this facility a student can download different chapters from different books hence ensuring that they study effectively. This paper focuses on the analysis, design and system development elements applied by the Primis team in deployment of the online system at McGraw Hill. Analysis During system development one of the most important questions that a client asks the developer is to study the viability of a certain concept. This concept initially developed on the backdrop of a number of questions. Some of these questions included:   * What is the need of the organization currently and in the future? All over organizations exist to make profit, expand and make more profit. McGraw Hill may have asked what value will the u
The state or country as a jurisdiction chosen for the analysing the anti-money laundering laws, rules and guidance is the UK. The regime adopted in the UK is based on the provisions of “the Terrorism Act of 2000, the Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA) of 2002, as well as the Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing, and Transfer of Funds Act of 2017” 1 . The state also follows the principles of AML summarized under the FATF principles through the official legal partnership. Furthermore, it is important to admit that because of Brexit, the UK was supposed to transpose its ML/FT practice standards to avoid the non-compliance penalties and risks, which are evaluated in a further discussion. There are two main AML authorities currently operating and collaborating in the UK. The first is the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) that was established back in 2012 as a regulating organization over financial services and operations performed by the primary finance-related organizations in the state. Apart from the overall financial safety monitoring, FCA is also empowered with investigating suspicious operation related to ML/TF, eventually engaging other law enforcers such as Crown Prosecution Services (CPS). FCA efforts in AML are supported by Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC), which is responsible for the formal issuance of operational guidance relevant to UK law base, transaction monitoring, and investigation of the due diligence aspects. Finally, legal enforcement of FCA and HMRC is supported by the NCA and Serious Fraud Office (SFO), which are empowered to arrest money launderers and seek for the court warrants and orders where applicable. The first law that provides a background for AML operations in the UK is POCA, which clearly lists the offenses that fall under the money laundering definition. It suggests that all UK financial institutions are obliged to have internal systems that allow detecting laundering, including the transparent transaction monitoring and fraud reporting. The Terrorism Act refers to establishing policies and standards for counter financing of brute force activities that could be classified as terrorist attack, supporting previous requirements of POCA. The Money Laundering Regulations of 2017 and 2019 are mostly related to internal financial operations and aimed to provide additional control over the provide sector activities and encourage companies to supply the written risk assessments of ML/TF analysis on the organizational level 2 . The overall compliance guidance proposed for the jurisdiction is to ensure that organizations take a risk-based approach to the faced threats. It means that companies are encouraged to engage in AML assessments related to both customers and business sectors to ensure that an adequate response to identified vulnerabilities is timely initiated. The recommended AML policy for UK companies comprises the following elements. First, all organizations are encouraged to have their own AML programs tailored per business specifics, where regulatory obligations, due diligence, and measures related to transaction monitoring are implemented. These programs sho
Introduction Deviance, in the sociological context, refers to any act that defies cultural norms. These cultural norms encompass both the formally-enacted laws as well as informal social norms. Thus, there exist two basic types of deviant activities according to Lee and Gailey 1 , “ violation of formal rules or laws (formal deviance) and non-conformity to informal social norms (informal deviance) ”. Examples of formal deviance include “ murder; robbery etc. whereas picking one’s nose, belching loudly in public (relative to cultures) can serve as examples of informal deviance ” 2 . The concept of deviance as a violation of social norms has drawn the increasing interest of sociologists. In their attempts to define deviance, the sociologists have formulated several theories which have approached the topic from different perspectives. Some of the basic sociological theories include Leeuwen 3 satates, “ Merton’s Social- Strain Typology, Structural-Functionalism Theory, Conflict Theory and Labeling Theory ”. In my opinion, the Labeling Theory gives a deeper insight into the causes of deviance and/or crime. The Labeling Theory The Labeling Theory founded by Frank Tannenbaum and developed by the renowned sociologist Howard S. Becker conforms to the relativistic approach of the sociologists to the study of deviance. It takes into account not the normative consensus, but the diversity of social life. According to the labeling theory, also known as the ‘ Social Reaction Theory’ , deviant activities occur when:  1. one is labeled a deviant (e.g. a loner, a punk)  2. one adopts that identity by indulging in actions that reinforce his deviance. The primary assumption of this theory is that deviance emanates from power imbalances in society. But there are two additional ideas associated with this
The narrator provides an on-site presentation, clearly touching and showing the arts and architecture. The narrator’s intentions and information on the topic are clearly shown. Clear visuals of the Christian art and the architecture of the late Roman Empire are evident. The context of the Roman Empire is shown by soldiers firing arrows triggering the viewer’s attention (“The Dark Ages, Age of Light” 00:00:00). The video includes travels with discoveries that are generally well presented to the viewer. In the video, Waldemar Januszcak presents a Church of San Vitale, which is one of the groups of churches in Ravenna. The Church’s shape is ordinary as it is round like a mausoleum and filled with amazing mosaics (“The Dark Ages, Age of Light” 00:51:40). Its shape does not correspond to the long and thin shape of a basilica. The round churches were devoted to martyrs like San Vitale, whose portray is seen on the round ceiling. The art presentation on the Church of San Vitale was exemplary. The narrator presents the video in a well-organized manner, evidently explaining the art and architecture in simple ways. His performance in the video is highly lauded by over 93% of the viewers on YouTube, which I concur with. However, Januszcak’s presentation does not factor time developments during the period. He does not show changes to art or architecture overtime during the late Roman Empire. His body movements, facials, touch, eye movements, gestures, and space use are amazing in the whole presentation. Work Cited “The Ext
Counseling approaches operating racial, ethnic, and national lines promote multicultural view s through promoting mutual respect of patients to other races, ethnic backgrounds, and nationalities. This type of counseling helps in getting rid of stereotypes that affect the multicultural view and approaches of patients. Stereotypes affect the ability of people to make multicultural relations. It forms the basis for differences that persist between cultures and ethnic relations. Multicultural view augments through improved communication ability from counseling based on ethnic, racial, and national lines. Crisis intervention classic mistake Believing that all individuals reach a consensus before intervention affects the ability of the interventionist to bring parties into consensus, intercultural differences make the ability of individuals to reach a consensus within their community, tribe, or clan relative (Aday, 1994). It is, therefore, imperative that the interventionist has an open mind that leads to individuals not coming into consensus. The main reason for the assertion is that not all cultures allow resolutions to be made before intervention. Believing that individuals have reached a resolution before intervention jeopardizes the reason for the intervention and influences the inability of reaching an amicable solution. Focused multicultural view A focused multicultural view entails basing multicultural views on visible, racial, and ethnic minorities. Therefore, it helps in detaching the negative image of the minority groups. Additionally, this also allows the expansion of human relations with other cultures as the negative image barrier vanishes. Focusing on racial and ethnic minorities aids in giving the minority a voice to base on their positive achievements rather than having a negative self-image that affects the way they relate with others. The focus on minority groups is affected mostly by negative classification and there could be a feeling of lack of ethnic identity, hence a focused multicultural view has to base on visible and racial ethnic minorities. High-context cultures High-context cultures determine an individual’s position in a given group. It defines how the individual relates to others, and there is a portrayal of unspoken cues. This presence of relation rules determines the position of the individual in high-context cultures. There is the presence of a long-term relation in high-context cultures; there are authoritative figures that determine the ties, and the relation an individual has to the group (Healey, 2006). Ecology of culture in crisis resolution Cultural ecology entails adaptation of humans to physical and social environments. It has a great effect on
On this page, you will find an IMC report example. It provides a situational analysis of the Melo Fruitti Company, as well as an exploration of its objectives and key problems. Read on to find an example of an IMC plan. Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to prepare an Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) plan for Melo Fruitti Company, which offers healthy and organic ice cream. The company always uses natural ingredients, for instance, the chocolate tree, fresh fruits, natural fruit flavors, skim milk and so on. In addition, low sugar, less than 2% of fats, 0% trans-fats, and flavor without any artificial color or taste are the key characteristics of Melo Fruiti ice cream products. Melo Fruitti Ice Cream will start its business operation from Kuala Lumpur and surrounding urban areas in order to gain competitive advantages of first mover with healthy fruits ice cream products. However, this company will use IMC plan to create brand awareness, influence the target customers to purchase its products, aware the health conscious people about the positive factors of this brand and the difference between the products of Melo Fruitti and competitors’ products. However, this plan will focus on the key objectives, such as, Develop of brand image, reach break-even point, aware customers about food ingredients, provide expansion plan, and create of brand awareness to the target audience within a specific period. In addition, this report will concentrate on the MC functions along with objectives and budgets of these tools such as the marketer of Melo Fruitti Ice Cream will use AU$1.5 million IMC budget for sales promotion, advertising, one-to-one marketing, direct marketing, public relations and building brands etc. At the same time, the IMC plan of Melo Fruitti ice cream will also discuss target audience, “Foote, Cone, Belding” Strategy Planning Model, provide media plan with key messages, break-down of budget plan, slogan for the IMC campaign, evaluation, and so on. Introduction IMC plan of Melo Fruitti ice cream will mainly target the people of Kuala Lumpur and surrounding urban areas as they have vast disposable income to spend on consumer products and this campaign will divide the market into three segments like Kids, Adults and Health conscious customers considering consumer behavior, demographics, and psychographic factors. To aware target audience and increase sales profits, this campaign of Melo Fruitti will include objectives of this project, key benefits of your product, IMC program element mix, examples of other MC functions, budgetary plan, media plan, and so on. Situational Analysis Melo Fruitti ice cream is a new product in the market and it needs to reach target market; therefore, IMC campaign could be an effective tool to create brand image and value to the mind of target customers. However, this campaign can easily influence and convey message to the customers using IMC program as Melo Fruitti offers wide range of unique ice cream flavors, and non-fattening- an organic ice-cream. At the same time, this IMC c
Cases of cyberbullying are on the rise, especially among high school children. Cyberbullying involves sending images or text messages through the internet or mobile phones that are intended to hurt other people. To curb the practice, it is necessary to implement policies that have strict guidelines on the use of mobile phones and the internet. Schools should monitor students and create anti-cyberbullying committees to deal with students who engage in the practice. Committees should monitor the use of the internet by students and control content that students access. Teachers should educate students on the causes of cyberbullying, prevention measures, and ways to report it to relevant authorities. It is also necessary to restrict the use of mobile phones and the internet on school premises. For example, students should use the internet for academic research only. Schools should also contact internet service providers for advice on ways to curb cyberbullying. An effective policy should stop students from participating in the practice by establishing stringent punishment guidelines. Schools should establish harsh punishments for students who participate in cyberbullying. For example, the punishment could include suspension from school or dismissal. Dismissal is a good enough reason to stop students from participating in illegal activity. The most important aspect of an anti-cyberbullying policy is regulation. Schools and parents should make sure that they are aware of what children are doing on the internet at all times. Besides, they should monitor how much time children spend online and regulate the content they access. Monitoring children and reducing time spent online will encourage them to use time constructively. Victims of cyberbullying should be punished severely to demonstrate to other students the school’s commitment to eradicate the vice.
The US Institute of Medicine requires the US health care system to provide equitable health care to all people regardless of their gender, race, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. However, this issue has not been adequately addressed since it was raised by the Institute of Medicine in 2001. In a recent article that appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association, it was found that out of 334,302 people who were exposed to 151 Medicare plans, only one plan covered both the white and black people evenly. Even when medical experts determine issues such as blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels, they still practice racism. Though studies reveal that the overall provision of quality health care services is improving, the discrepancies that are observed occur because many black people are not capable of acquiring expensive medical services. Many black people are, therefore, said to rely on exercise and proper nutrition to enable them to live healthy lives (Kage, 2006). In order to address the issue of inequality adequately, the government is advised to make payments to Medicare Plans so as to meet the needs of its members. Some experts argue that the money should be used to support programs that enable people to meet with nutritionists so that they can be able to control their blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Though such programs are often regarded as expensive, they are cheaper than paying for programs that people do not bother to use. In a different study which appeared in the journal Ethnicity and Disease, it was noted that out of the people who complained that their health was poor, many of the people came from black residents. The journal focused on the whites, blacks, Asians, and Hispanics who lived in New York City. It has also been noted that in poorer areas, there are often few shops which sell fresh vegetables and fruits. Therefore, it is true that the social system is to blame for the poor health of black people in the US (Kage, 2006).
Culture of India is marked by diversity of languages, religions, races, cultural styles. There are three macro conditions that affect business operations in India. These factors can affect a business’s economic chances, especially in the conduct of daily business. These four kinds of thinking go a long way toward explaining historical behavior patterns in India. India embraces three major racial groups: the Indo-Aryans (72 percent), Dravidians (24 percent), and Mongoloids (3 percent) (Gesteland 65). Most businesses in India are privately owned, tightly managed, and strongly hierarchical (Gesteland 54). Written Communication and Contract Most Indians view written contracts as essential to a business relationship. They should be very detailed and adhered to scrupulously. Verbal agreements are not considered binding and never should be used to infer financial commitment. Memorandums of Understandings are common tools used to document initial interest, but are not usually formally binding. Memorandums of Understandings that are not formalized into a written contract can eventually be held to be a de facto written contract; some key factors can be money transfer or acquiring employees (Makar 29). It is not uncommon for an Indian business executive rather than a lawyer to negotiate and approve contracts with overseas companies. Senior business people can legally commit a firm without an attorney’s review. Indian business people have been tough negotiators since childhood and have had to bargain for every improvement in life. From the foregoing it should be clear that it is unwise to presume that Western management theories will work in India just as they do in, say, South America or Eastern Europe (Makar 34). Management Models and Styles In India two management models coexist. The private company is usually hierarchical, while the public company and government bureaucracy are usually concentric. The Indian private-sector business structure is usually a hierarchy manned by many layers of fairly toothless functionaries. Indian management thinking pushes power toward the top, just as in Indian families (Grihault 41). Individual managers usually have a fairly broad latitude in which to make decisions, but the real power in those decisions is limited. A businessman might liken Indian management authority to unfunded mandates. The public-sector management model is usually the Concentric Circles model, in which various satellite hierarchies relate to a core leadership, not in a vertical order, but surrounding a center of power. The roots of this double system lie in the tradition that most of India’s early clans were loosely associating republics which merged both management styles (Grihault 45). Largely autonomous families or tribes related to a regional clan that, often as not, was not based on power but prestige (often symbolized in