Introduction The United Nations general assembly special session on HIV/AIDS has agreed that by the year 2000, there were 36.1 million people with the HIV virus across the world (United States Congress, 1998 p.24-50). Only 10 percent of them come from developed countries while 90 percent are from developing countries. By the end of the year 1999, 10 million people were reported to be involved in injecting drug use in 136 countries and 114 of them reported HIV/AIDS cases resulting from IDU. 10 percent of the total reported cases of infection are caused by injection drug use (United States Congress, 1998 p.24-50). The existing condition of the epidemic in a certain region can be termed as low-level, concentrated, or generalized depending on the prevalence levels of the virus in the specified demographic (John, 2001 p. 20-45). Cases of HIV can also be categorized according to their ways of transmission. According to the United Nations joint effort on AIDS (UNAIDS) sub-Saharan Africa has 26 million living with the virus. This translates to 70 percent of the total cases of HIV/AIDS (John, 2001 p. 20-45). The main mode of transmission is through heterosexual relations. In Asian countries such as China, Malaysia, Cambodia, Korea, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam among others, and North Africa the prevalent mode of transmission is through unsafe drug injections while commercial sex work comes in second. In European and the Middle East countries as well as the southern part of Latin America sharing of needles accounts for 30-90 percent of infections n the regions (United States Congress, 1998 p.24-50). The UN refugee group on HIV/AIDS prevention and care among IDU in developing and transitional countries was 2001 formed to keep the UNAIDS and other related sponsors updated on all developments on HIV infections among IDU in developing and transitional countries. The organization also seeks to verify information on international HIV epidemiology along with prevention and care measures to be adopted among IDU (). Accurate information on the number of IDU globally is not available regardless of the need for this information in planning for harm reduction (needle distribution or treatment) and distribution of the antiretroviral drugs among the IDU. This report seeks to highlight the research done on HIV and people who use drugs that expose them to possible infection by the virus. The Situation on HIV and Injectable Drug Users At the United Nations General Assembly Special Session in 2001, all countries pledged to join the fight against HIV/AIDS. Researchers have been working all over the world to contain the HIV virus and they have had a rough time trying to combat HIV because of its highly infectious nature. Studies on the human defense system and the virus have led to the discovery of current antiretroviral drugs aimed at suppressing the virus to ensure that it does not overpower the body’s defense system (Jacquelyn & Peter 1995 p.40). Notable progress has been made in fighting HIV/AIDS globally. However, the epidemic remains a development challenge in the whole world since it is a threat to human resources and thus bound to affect the development rate globally. Based on statistics from the Population Reference Bureau, the number of infected people globally adds up to 36 million and the number could