ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Scientifically it is perceived that there is no color in the physical world, but color is taken to be light waves that are composed of waves of varied length. The retina of the eye which is sensitive to the light waves is responsible for all the various colors that we see as it responds differently to the diverse light waves that reaches it. The Human eye can see up to 7 million different colors. The issue about color has raised a lot of interest to many scholars and research has been conducted on the subject revealing that there exist various perspectives regarding people’s response to color and how it affects behavior. Some studies depict that color reaction could be inborn or learned (Grieve, 1991). There are many scholars that support the school of thought that advocates the difference in color associations as a result of the underlying religious, philosophical and attitudes of the people. The choice is as a result of the great influence that is associated with an individual’s background in regards to how he/he perceives things. Demographic factors like ethnicity, gender, sex and age are pointed out as essential features that depict the communicative value aspect of colors (Pamela, 2002). The associative learning study is a very effective method in assisting people appreciates the color development and color preferences. Classic conditioning involves use of certain systematic paired stimuli to give specific responses. Thus, associative learning has been instrumental in helping to explain the human psychological response to color (Watson & Rayner, 2011). The response on color is a learned process. Studies conducted show that people that belong to different economic statuses, geographical heritage and span of sunlight exposure possess varied color perceptions. For instance people living in the United States of America considers the blue color as a color of masculinity, while the same color is regarded as a color of cold or evil in East Asia. These factors are more instrumental in understanding the color preferences in various settings than the common environmental factors marketers prioritize first. The researches show that those people that live in areas that have very bright sunlight such as along the equator have more developed vision that make them posses a depression in color discrimination for instance, a decrease in the perception of blueness as their eyes possess higher amount of yellow intraocular pigments (Grieve, 1991). Alternatively those people that live where light exposure is less tend to have more refined color vision. Such people tend to have an increased perception of color blue. Thus, the physiological differences are very necessary to understand the differing chromatic stimulus and especially for marketers while advertising to facilitate t
Quantitative Article The study by Finnie (2012) focuses on discussing cultural factors that determine students’ access to post-secondary education (PSE) in Canada. The researcher properly identifies the steps that were taken to design the article, beginning with the introduction of the key terms and approaches, providing empirical evidence, and ending with concluding remarks regarding the implementation of the results. Elaborating on the theoretical framework, the author revisits the standard neoclassical economics model and states that behavioral economics reflects the very essence of PSE access. Using such concepts as imperfect information and bounded rationality, it is declared that culture plays a great role in PSE patterns as the main decisive element. Data was collected from the Canadian Youth in Transition Survey, Cohort A (“YITS-A”) using such methods as written surveys and interviews with respondents’ parents. For this study, ethical considerations are not disclosed explicitly. Nevertheless, one may suggest that they were considered because parents of students were contacted and interviewed. In particular, it is possible to state that informed consent forms were completed before data collection and analysis, and confidentiality terms were identified. It would, perhaps, be better if the additional data security measures were specified in the study in the context of the ethical treatment and protection of human subjects (Mertens, 2014). For example, data storage and sensitive information safety seem to be important elements to be discussed. Aligning the quantitative research design and methods identified earlier in this paper with data analysis, the author applies the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and interprets each of the factors that affect PSE access. Both data presentation and analysis support the conclusions as they lead to the latter in a step-by-step manner. While reading the analysis section, it becomes obvious that the results are credible and evidence-based. Also, the theoretical framework contributes to the results as it helps to understand their meaning and evaluate the relevance of findings. Based on the study design, Finnie (2012) generalizes information obtained from the participants and comments on future implications. The author states that there are both opportunities and challenges for students who decide on whether to access PSE or not. Among the key cultural factors, parental education and family income are revealed, which presents the scope of the generalization. In their article, Brooks-LaRaviere, Ryan, Miron, and Samuels (2009) pay attention to communicative educational dissemination of information in an undergraduate classroom. The authors apply the standard research structure, incusing int
Waxes Production Introduction Waxes are malleable chemical compounds manufactured naturally or synthetically through chemical processes. Natural waxes are produced by both plants and animals during their physiological processes of life. In plants, the waxes are found on the cuticles, fruits, and leaves among other parts of the plants. In regard to animals and insects, they are found on the cuticles of the insects, fat deposits, and spermaceti among others. The cuticles are formed from complex lipid chains that form a waterproof layer on plants and animals owing to their insolubility in water (Sturdy, 1972). On the other hand, oil refinery companies produce synthetic waxes that aim at producing massive volumes of wax for economic purposes. In this light, this research will consider the industrial production of waxes alongside their types, grades, and utilization. Characteristically, synthetic waxes are solids at ambient temperatures and melt above 45 degrees Celsius or equivalence of 133 Fahrenheit. History of Waxes The earliest form of wax was discovered over two thousand years ago. The wax was associated popularly with bee wax. The waxes existed in two color forms that included yellow and white brands. In fact, the early forms of waxes were produced by animals and plants. In this light, bees and spermaceti produced the animal wax that was the main source of wax apart from plants (Tolan, 2012). However, bees produced more wax than the spermaceti. Consequently, human beings relied mainly on the bee for wax. During the 23 rd AD to 79 th AD, human beings discovered ways of purifying the yellow bee wax into white wax using salty water. The white wax was used in artistic work. For example, a Roman writer referred to as Pilny described this process of wax purification from yellow to the white wax brand. On the other hand, there is a limited amount of wax from plants for utilization on small scale. These plants included the palm tree, shrubs, Japanese berry tree, and rice barns among others. The ideology of wax improved gradually and dispersed to the German empire leading to new discoveries concerning the use of wax. The increasing need forced people to find new ways of producing the present synthetic wax. Currently, synthetic waxes have dominated the wax industry and will form the basis of this paper. Wax Separation Unit Wax is separated from oil through various methods that have been developed by oil engineers and technologists. They have done this in order to obtain high-quality products at the end of the process. The methods use a wax separating unit and involve three basic steps of chemical processes. In this light, this paper will consider the Solvent Dewaxing method that is highly used in the oil refineries company. It involves the three steps that include solvent mixture, precipitation, and solvent recovery. Solvent Mixture This step takes place in the steam heater. First, it should be noted that the wax and oil exist in solid form at low temperatures. They form
Introduction The predicted ‘worse case scenario’ is going to happen 10- 12 years from now. Sources for non-renewable fuel will run out or become scarce with the available fuel being inaccessible. Renewable energy sources have not been developed to meet the world’s energy needs with the US having 7% only of developed energy sources by 2007 (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2008). Mass environmental damages are going to occur with the most sensitive ecosystems not spared, which in turn are going to escalate environmental problems such as global warming and climate change, ozone layer destruction, extinction of species among others which further worsens the living situations. To prevent this crisis from happening or preparing the country for this scenario, decisive measures should be taken in the US. These measures and the stakeholders who should undertake them are outlined in the discussion that follows. Government actions The federal government through the Department of Energy should invest in hydroelectric energy generation as a measure to increase the amount of renewable energy in the country. This should be developed along major rivers by the creation of dams in major projects and canals. State governments in the areas targeted should take an active role by identifying potential areas for power generation plants. Since environmental concerns are bound to arise from these projects Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other governmental and non-governmental agencies should help the energy department in identifying and mitigating the negative impacts of these projects (National atlas.gov, 2009). Automobiles that use fewer fossil fuels Transportation consumed 27.7% of all fuel used in the US by 2007, innovations into automobiles that use fewer fossil fuels or modes that will use renewable energy efficiently is imperative. One such innovation is fuel cells to power hydrogen cars. Though this is yet to be made, the federal government, and Department of energy, and automobile manufacturers should invest in research and development of such automobiles. Research institutions and universities also have the responsibility in the innovation, improvement, and research of such utilities (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2008). Solar-wind projects The development of small-scale solar-wind projects especially in rural areas is another measure the Department of energy should explore. Solar and wind power energy contributes to only 6% of all renewable energy developed in the US by 2007. Installation of wind turbines and solar panels into the power grid of the identified areas with potential for harnessing both should be a priority. This will make them all seasons’ energy sufficient as wind power is harnessed in winter and solar power during summer and spring when days are longer. This can be done by the private companies in the energy development business, the customers, or energy users in the area
There are very many aspects of life and different experiences that leave their trace on the person. Military experience is very unique compared to other ones. Not everyone can deal with the pressures and action that is going on in the field and on the base. A rank of Sergeant Major is considered to be a high one and the person must have a reputation of a responsible and knowledgeable individual. The duties in tactics are very important in the military setting. The fact that the maintenance of synchronization between 6 Battalions was one of the primary duties proves that careful selection of the person for this position has taken place. With such great responsibility comes a lot of pressure in making sure that all the needs and requirements are adhered to and the men are ready for any situation. This position of authority forces the person to become a better leader, as the others are looking up and following the directions of the individual who was entrusted with such an important task. Being an Operations SGM “with little to no experience” must be challenging. This sort of job encompasses two very important things. One is to control and establish a relationship with the team and the other one is the knowledge needed for such a position. Very often the actions of a group of people closely depend on the information and example they have received from their leader. It is a unique position, to be the Operations SGM, as it requires a constant examination and analysis, not only of the fellow men but also of the self and own actions and attitude. The ability to learn quickly, come up with the best decisions, and be able to explain and demonstrate the skills, which are required, is a task that not everyone could handle. Training is a very important part of any job and especially for a Soldier. The simulation of real-life situations and the familiarity with tactics and plans of action prove extremely useful when a similar moment takes place. It is known that the training that army personnel receive is very serious and only the best and brightest can withstand all the pressure and training. The challenges that were faced, can be considered a good thing and a positive experience. 20 years is a great number of years devoted to such a profession. This means that the job must be rewarding and interesting. The many positions of the leader show that there were numerous times
Summary The business environment is faced with multiple ethical issues that need to be resolved. This paper reviews the ethical issues that arise from a spa in Singapore, Wellness Village spa, closing down without notice. The spar disappears while owing customers’ money in the form of pre purchased packages and credit card bills. This paper applies various ethical theories so as to solve the ethical issues. By use of the consequentialist, social contract and stakeholder theories, it is proposed that the bank has an obligation to cover some of the costs covered by the customers. Application of the deontological ethics reveals that the bank is under no obligation since it has performed all the duties expected of it. While the directors of the spa are pinpointed as the major culprits, this paper shows that they should not be punished alone since they were working for the interests of shareholders. Collective punishment is seen as the best manner to obtain justice. From the ethical theories applied in this scenario, it has been seen that the interest of the society at large should ideally take precedence over individual or business interests. The paper concludes by restating that knowledge of ethical theories is essential in solving ethical issues that arise in the business environment. Introduction Ethical behavior has throughout human civilization been supposed to be a major building block for a productive and well functional society. For this reason, ethical behavior has been applauded and taught to be superior to unethical dealings. However, ethics have not been given much relevance in businesses and so long as businesses stay within the law, businesses been given much consideration and businesses have been subjected to little criticism for their ethical behavior so long as they did not break the law. Ethics can loosely be defined as a system of moral principles by which social conduct is judged as either “right” or “wrong”. As relates to business, ethics are moral principles which prescribe what is legitimate behavior in varied business dealings (Chryssides and Kaler 3). This paper shall analyze the ethical issues that surround the closing of the Wellness Village spa. The paper shall make use of various ethical theories so as to demonstrate the most effective way to deal with the ethical issues. The Spa Issue The ethical issues surrounding the Wellness Village Spa closure is who should pay for the credit card bills charged to cardholders by the bank for services that the cardholders did not receive. In the scenario, the spa closed down without informing the clients some of whom had purchased expensive packages from the spa. Notably, the Wellness Village spa used misinformation to deceive the customers. This was by claiming that they were overbooked while in reality the company was preparing to close operations abruptly. Another underlying concept in the case are secrecy whereby the company directors failed to divulge vital inf
Abstract This research paper seeks to investigate the relationship between customers’ perception of public relation and customers’ loyalty. The research will also investigate the role played by the brand image in shaping customer perception towards the organization. Research Design/methodology- The research will use both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data will be collected from a sample of customers of City Bank with the help of a questionnaire. The research will use two hypotheses. Findings- The results of the study evidently demonstrate that the sensitivity of clients towards organization’s public relation practice is an indication of their devotion. From the research, it is clear that when there is a favorable brand image among customers, public relation perception will always have a heavy impact on customer loyalty. Research limitations/implication- This research seeks to expound on the existing research as regards to customer loyalty. The researcher faced the problem of unwillingness since some respondents were unwilling to answer questions. Originality- The researcher was concerned with coming up with an original piece of research that could be applied in a real life scenario. Keywords- Brand image, Public relation, Customer loyalty, Customer relations, Finance industry, financial services, the United States Introduction According to Hsieh and Li (2008), there is a direct relationship between customer perception of public relation and customer loyalty. These scholars hold that when a customer has
Introduction   * Previous chapters covered concepts of exposure and dose.   * A framework to link environmental exposure, internal dose and physiologic responses was described.   * This chapter describes approaches to quantitative modeling of exposure and dose.   * The importance of characterizing the temporal dynamics of the exposure-risk relation will be shown. The Starting Point: The Exposure Profile   * Exposure is a complex, time-dependent quantity that must be summarized before its use in a model   * Exposure history to a hazardous agent by a worker can be summarized as: where: xit =exposure level for worker I in time periods, t= 1,2,3…ni.   * Exposures must reach target organs and reach critical levels before injury occurs   * The profile of tissue concentration can be modeled as: where: bit =tissue burden for worker i in time periods t= 1,2,3… ni ni = No. of time periods of exposure of subject i prior to T.   * Burden of dose are not usually directly measurable.   * Hence, cumulative exposure is normally used.   * It is the time integral of exposure intensity.   * Duration of exposure is also a commonly used summary measure.   * If exposure intensities are constant, the duration of intensity will be proportional to dose. Exposure-Dose Relation   * Knowledge of ventilation rate can help compute the quantity of toxins inhaled.   * Use of ambient exposure data without accounting for dose can lead to wrong findings.   * Exposure can occur through lungs, skin or ingestion.   * It can be assumed that risk is proportional to dose.   * Hence, cumulative exposure is proportional to risk.   * However, risk may not be directly proportional to dose.   * This occurs when the degree of response to a given amount of dose varies over time.   * This calls for the use of a nonlinear model. Dosimetric Model   * DM is used when risk is not proportional to dose.   * It is constructed based in exp
Introduction The structure and balance of power that was established and amended in the Middle East after the Cold War has been greatly affected with Iran becoming a principal player influencing balance of power in the region. Studies indicate that the increasing levels of unrests in the Middle East play a pivotal role in transforming the dynamics and balance of power in the region (Barzegar 2010, 78). The balance of power in any region depends heavily on the involvement of great power and how this is put into force in regional systems. Iran’s dependence on powerful allies and its superior capabilities have equipped it sufficiently to influence regional power balances. Research question: Why has Iran influenced the balance of power in the Middle East in light of the Arab unrest? Background : For the purpose of this study, some of the keywords and main concepts to answer the research question will include Influence, balance of power, Middle East and Arab’s unrest. Research Objective: To determine why and in what ways Iran is influencing the balance of power in the Middle East Context: The physical setting of the research and the study environments will be in the Middle East and it will be completely natural. Literature review Iran’s regional influence Nasri (2009, 70) points out in her article Iran: Island of stability or land in Turmoil that Iran’s neighbors and the United states have over the years expressed serious concerns over the regional ambitions that Iran has, the role it has played in influencing its neighbors domestic political circumstances and the capability it has to spoil any peace process. Many scholars and analysts argue almost unanimously that events happening in the Middle East are due to power struggles between the Arab states which are ruled by the Sunni who are being led by Saudi Arabia and Egypt, and Iran which has formed a team with its proxies and allies like Hezbollah, Hamas and Syria (Pilisuk, Jeniffer & Gianina 2008, 112). Opponents of the paradigm regard it as overly one-dimensional and argue that the regional influence as well as the role of Iran in the region is due to its demographic and physical attributes. Nasri and Takeyh (2008, 86) concur with the opponents’ arguments and indicates that Iran is a rich country of considerable resources and size which consequently gives it the ability to impact the region both negatively and positively. Iran’s nuclear power In their publication called beyond moderates and militants , Malley and Halling (2010, 24) posit that though determining the intentions of Iran in developing a nuclear program may be diffic