ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is commonplace that modern users of computers encounter a myriad of challenges in the course of their endeavors. This calls for increased vigilance and awareness by these users, to protect the confidentiality and their data and personal information. It is noteworthy that organizations are also susceptible to such attacks, highlighting the necessity of intervention and protective measures. In view of this, several organizations have introduced security training as a mandatory segment of their orientation procedures (Newman, 2009). Phishing Tricks Phishing infers a structure of social engineering that deceives credulous computer users to offer private information to third parties feigning legitimacy. The information varies greatly, and can include basic details; including a person’s complete name and address. Some request for social insurance details. A majority of the Phishing frauds involve fiscal resources, thus ask for bank account and credit card details. Initially, swindles were limited to select groups of computer users. Presently, they are extensive and have copious delivery techniques. Most of the rip offs propagate through e-Mail, and assume the individuality legitimate brands or depository institutions. Other vectors used for attacks gaining popularity include Instant Messaging services. A fraudulent message delivered through e-mail ensures that unwary users receive a specially crafted correspondence from what appears as a bank or any other credible on-line service. These statements often refer to procedural concerns with the recipient’s account, thereby requiring them to provide the necessary updates. This is achieved by following an attached link for prompt admittance (Stewart, Tittel & Cha, 2005). In most cases, the links lead to duplicates of authentic sites and require the unsuspecting clients to fill certain forms, disclosing their personal information in the process. Mitigating vulnerability Ensuring they respond to personalized correspondence only. Clients should avoid providing personal information and responding to forms included in e-mails. They should also make certain to be over safe networks whenever they reveal their fiscal details, including credit card information. Subscribers should check into their virtual accounts regularly to ensure their integrity. Experts also recommend that clients install protective tool bars in their browsers that can offer protection from Phishing sites. Most importantly, clients should ensure their browser applica
Introduction The case involves biomedical ethics where the doctors involved had to decide on whether to violate the original request by patient, John R, that he should not be resuscitated in case he was taken to cardiac arrest center. The patient was diagnosed with cancer, and his situation was deteriorating. He asked his physician, Dr. W, to stop further treatment; and the oncologist, Dr R, agreed. Later, the patient’s condition worsened, and he started experiencing internal bleeding which forced him to change his original request. The two doctors differed on whether to resuscitate and resume treatment. They disagreed regarding the issue with Dr. W insisting on the earlier request while Dr. R suggested doing something (DeGrazia, Mappes, & Brand-Ballard, 2011). This paper analyzes the case and uses Kant’s approach on ethical decision to support Dr. R’s stance on doing soothing. Analysis of the Case The represents a conflict between Dr W and Dr R who have to agree on a common ground to deal with the situation at hand. Apparently, each doctor supports his opinion on the matter but since only one option has to be selected, the conflict must to be settled. It is clear that the patient originally stated his will of not being resuscitated incase he suffers cardiac arrest. He also requested termination of further treatment. Therefore, the two doctors were obligated to follow the instructions of the patient. However, the patient could not imagine at that moment that the situation would worsen to the extent of experiencing internal bleeding. The decision by his physician was ethically correct since he upheld the patient’s decision made when John R had been conscious. On the other hand, the stance by Dr. R seems to be rational since doing soothing could save the life or simply stop the severe pain of the patient. This presents a dilemma on whether to maintain the original or the second request from the patient. The main task in analyzing the case is to decide on whether to stand on the previous or the current request. Kant’s approach on ethics can be applied to analyze this case. The approach is based on the categorical imperative principle which insists that the consequence of any ethical act is relevant but what matters most is the principle behind the action (Ess, n.d). As such, evaluation of an act is based on the principle of intention or the will. For instance, two individuals can do a similar act which may lead to the same consequence, but their basic intention may determine whether the act was ethical or not (Haslanger, 2001). With relation to Dr. R’s, who insisted on doing something, he realized that if no treatment was given, the patient would suffer severely and finally die. In other words, the doctor intended to stop the bleeding or save the life of John R; thus deviating from the original request. He was conscious that failing to take any action would terminate the life of the patient. In the case, the best decision is to do something as requested by the patient. This implies that Dr W should change his stance and follow the opinion of Dr R. As per medical ethics, it may not be rational to insist on the origin
The senior center is a facility that deals with the provision of national leadership and public health concerns with an aim of facilitating healthy aging, and prevention of diseases and injuries in the aging population. The aging population is associated with various injuries caused by falls such as hip fractures and traumatic brain injuries (TBI). This poses a serious risk to the health of older adults. However, an older adult can avoid these injuries and accidents in various ways. Strategies the aging populations use to protect themselves from injuries and accidents These ways may include a structured exercise program, which is important in serving the purpose of promoting the physical well-being of older adults (LIFE Study Investigators, 2006). This may also help to protect the aging population from walking disabilities. The elderly also use assistive devices to protect themselves from injuries and other accidents. Assistive devices include equipment that enables older patients to do things independently without relying on another person. Environmental accessibility adaptation is another way that the aging population uses to ensure they are safe. This is simply mastering the residence or home, to facilitate the safety and independence of the older adult. Polypharmacy Polypharmacy is a practice that involves taking multiple medications that are not necessarily important (Fulton & Allen, 2005). It is good for older patients, to take more medication compared to younger individuals. However, the more medication an older patient takes, the more exposed to drug-related health problems, because the body responds differently to medication as it ages. This condition is mainly associated with elderly people of age 65 years and above. An elderly person is susceptible to take wrong or in appropriate medication, or medication that is not well prescribed. This may result into a condition called adverse drug event (ADE), which is mainly caused by interaction of different drugs in the body (Fulton & Allen, 2005). Polypharmacy may be as a result of doctors/clinicians prescribing more medicine to their aged patients due to the fact that the medicines are readily available. Polypharmacy may also be caused by prescribing cascade, whereby an elderly patient experience side effects from the medication he/she is taking, leading to misinterpretation by the doctor or clinician as symptoms of another disease. The elderly patient is then prescribed another drug, which may also have side effects. Economic situation confronting older adults It is statistically proven that more than 9.95% of old adults above 65 years and above, live both at the poverty line and below. 31.4% of these are viewed as economically
Introduction Operating in the environment of the twenty-first-century global economy means facing a variety of ethical challenges on a regular basis, and addressing them in a manner that aligns with corporate values and vision. Because of recent technological breakthroughs, committing fraud in the operating environment of an organization, including financial manipulations, abuse of power, and more, is growing increasingly easy. As a result, ethical principles are often bent so that an organization can survive in a competitive world. However, ethically questionable decisions made by the company in the process are likely to affect its further culture and values, thus shaping the staff’s behavioral patterns, reducing their corporate loyalty, and bringing their motivation rates down, along with productivity: Mary’s situation being a case in point. It should be borne in mind, however, that Mary’s case, and the decision-making process it demands, can be viewed through the prism of a variety of philosophies. While some will point to the necessity of disclosing the boss’s actions, others will prove that compliance with a traditional concept of ethics would be detrimental to the stakeholders involved. Nevertheless, because of the threats inherent in Mary’s position and the lack of ethics in the boss’s decision-making, it would be reasonable to suggest that the employee should make the information available to the corresponding authorities (Arnold, Beauchamp, & Bowie, 2012). Employment at Will (AWE) From the perspective of AWE, Mary’s situation is beyond deplorable. Suppose she decides to disclose her boss’s plans. In this case, she may be dismissed, based on the principles of AWE (Njoya, 2013). The AWE ethical framework, in its turn, relieves her employer from any responsibility for his actions whatsoever, due to the principles of mutual agreement. According to current U.S. legislation, the influence of state authorities does not extend to coordinating compliance with an agreement signed on the basis of AWE principles: “While most states provide whistleblower protection for public sector employees, protection for private sector employees is more limited” (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2016, par. III). Whistleblowing The choice to be a whistleblower is, nonetheless, a challenging decision to make. While disclosing the issue will help address an ecological and environmental issue, it may, nevertheless, cause harm to other company members by possibly putting them out of work. However, whistleblowing philosophy indicates that exposing the information, not only to authorities but also the general public, would be the right step to tak
Introduction Financial planning is a vital skill in the planning and execution of organizational or personal objectives. The process of financial planning includes factoring in several aspects that ensure financial targets are to be achieved. Incomes, expenditure, and taxes are factors considered in the process of financial planning. This essay is going to examine the use of Moneytree’s Silver Financial Planner in the analysis of financial planning. Overview From the analysis of financial planning, we take a look into several factors such as income and expenses. The investigation of financial planning through the use of Silver Financial Planner highlights the major areas of income whereby residual income, in addition to investments, makes up total income. Financial planning relies heavily on cash flow analysis on an annual basis. The result of the cash flow analysis from Moneytree’s Silver Financial Planner shows that one’s financial plan is based upon the earning period. For instance, an individual works for a company or organization till the time of retirement. A Cash flow analysis is divided into three main sections with the first section focusing on income (Lim 61). The main sources of income for an employed individual include earned income from salary or remunerations from the organization. Savings are also factored in as income as well as pension in the case of retiring employees. We can learn from the cash flow analysis that it is prudent for an individual to have various sources of income. People with various sources of income should also keep track of their sources of income as part of the financial planning process (Hallman 44). In addition to having different sources of income, an individual should keep track of his expenses. Expenses and taxes are also monitored alongside income in the process of financial planning. Expenses and taxes usually have the effect of reducing the income and, in normal circumstances; it is prudent for income to cover all the expenses and taxes. In the process of financial planning, individuals need to keep track of risks and make sure that risks taken are manageable (Lim 27). This is because risks tend to increase taxes and expenses and thus they have to be monitored closely to ensure that an individual does incur a lot of debts. Risks can be avoided through the use of several measures including taking up insurance, tax planning, or wealth accumulation (Hallman 87). Financial planning is important for many people because it helps in the creation of a savings plan. A savings plan is used by an individual during retirement or in special cases of disparities in income versus expenditure. The surplus of shortage is obtained when expenses and taxes are deducted from total income. Conclusion Financial planning is very important in the world today since many organizations or individuals rely on this vital procedure in the pursuit of financial freedom. The process of financial planning is a continuous process that should be un
“Two Kinds” by Amy Tan is a short story about a mother and her daughter who have different views on various issues in life. The story is about a young girl’s (named Jing-mei) refusal to her mother’s persistent urge to make her experience the American dream, which is the hope of most immigrants. The mother in the story held the opinion that her daughter was intelligent and thus attempted all means to ensure that the daughter became a music prodigy; however, the daughter turned her efforts down through taking advantage of her deaf music teacher and failed to do enough practice to perfect her skills in music. A literary analysis of the short story reveals that is an excellent work of literature. The story, which is in the genre of conformity and rebellion, is the last of Tan’s loose collection of interrelated stories in his first successful novel The Joy Luck Club. As hinted above, the story illustrates a conflict between two well-articulated positions wherein a rebel, on principle, meets head-on and fights against an established authority. The main theme of the story is about the complicated relationships that exist between mothers and daughters in the contemporary society. Specifically, the author intended to depict the complexities that exist between the Chinese mothers who hold to traditional principles and their American-born daughters who are in a dilemma either to fulfill the dictates of their Chinese tradition or to pursue the supposedly ‘good life’ in the United States. To depict successfully the issue of supremacy and authority on the mother’s side and conformity and toughness on Jing-mei’s part, the author used the tone of rebellion and dissatisfaction. The diverse life experiences, diverse approaches towards life, and diverse expectations in the story resulted in the tension between the mother and the daughter in the story; nonetheless, after the mother’s demise, the tone of the story changed to belated insight and remorse when the daughter realized the meaning of her mother’s assertion of “two kinds of daughters” in her. In the story, the author constructed the mother daughter dynamic with the story’s protagonist, the young girl, having a round character. The protagonist in the story appears to be a complicated character as she has both inner and outside clashed all through the entire story. On the other hand, the mother seems to be a bit controlling since she is the mother, an established center of authority, particularly in matriarchal Chinese society. The author used various techniques to depict the setting of the story. The phrase, “The TV was old and the sound kept shouting out” (Tan, para.12) depicts the economic status of the family. The majority of both temporal and social conditions are illustrated by means of the narration and description for the series of the events in the story such as the mother having come to the United States in 1949 and the use of reference of the names Shirley Temple and The Ed Sullivan Show. Lastly, to increase the attention of the
The Aeneid by the great Roman poet Virgil can be acclaimed as a tribute of Homeric style and poetic language along with its appeal to the epic themes of heroism and performing feats. The poem can be described as a great heroic epos dedicated to aggrandizement of such values as courage, power, endurance and bravery. In the poem’s prologues, the author alludes to numerous themes and aspects which are related in his masterpiece. The main theme of the poem is describing the events from the life of a legendary man of ancient times called Aeneas. With the development of the poem’s story plot, the reader follows Aeneas from his heroic fights in Troy to his final destination in the territory which is now known as the country of Italy, and founding the mighty Empire of Rome. Examining the poem, a row of the main themes can be noticed. First of all, the theme of heroism during endless wars of ancient times aimed for repartition of the world comes through the whole poem as the main canvas. This theme is very common for Greek and Roman literature and art, in general. The cult of human power, mightiness and grandeur was prevailing in those cultures. “I sing of arms and of a man”, read the first words of the poem’s prologue showing the main theme tendency of the whole opus. Singing and praising mighty men of arms, this is what the reader is to expect on every page of the poem (Virgil 1). Secondly, the theme of divine can be also explored both in the prelude and all over the poem. The reader is constantly impelled to think over the great and exalted position of gods who affect human life to the extent they want. The reader can see this tendency in the following words, for example: “he was battered beneath the violence of High Ones” (Virgil 1). The main character Aeneas along with the other characters depicted in the poem has to face his weakness as a human being at the face of super human deities and the ill fate prepared for him from above. Finally, the theme of the world’s redivision can be also explored in the poem’s prelude. This theme is considered to be very timely for the historic period when Vergil lived, and it is no wonder that he puts it on such an important level; even nowadays the theme is in the same position of current interest. We read in the prelude about “the Latin race” which is described by Vergil in details (Virgil 1). This race which had been initiated by Aeneas later turned into the expansion of Roman Empire which continued during countless centuries of human history. Roman Empire in contrast to Babylonian Empire rein along with Assyrian and Persian ones ruled the world for more than fourteen centuries. Concluding on all the information related above, it should be stated that in the Aeneid poem’s prelude Virgil put a lot of work to inform the reader about all the main theme developments during the whole poem. In particular, such major themes as aggrandizement of heroism, courage, endurance and bravery, the theme
To provide a successful entertainment party for 500 medical doctors, it is very important to consider a number of steps: to choose an appropriate convention center, to evaluate the building and think about proper lighting and decorations, to understand how it is better to locate tables, and to occupy the guests with interesting and funny activities. Considering the fact that it is a cocktail party where guest will not be seated, no speakers are invited, and icebreaker reception is required, it is necessary to pay more attention to available event space and design concept. The Grand Prospect Hall, to be more precise the Grand View Ballroom, is the chosen convention center. It is located in Park Slope, Brooklyn (The Grand Prospect Hall, 2007) and is considered to be one of the most amazing historical places in New York. Cocktail parties are available for more than 500 people ( Cvent Supplier Network , 2010) so that each guest may enjoy the offered comfort and beauty. The size of the hall provides planners with numerous opportunities to develop any kind of entertainment and invite some famous singers or musicians. Such idea meets the requirement set – all guest will mingle and certainly feel relax. There is no need to organize some thematic party and oblige guests to dress themselves accordingly. Now, more attention should be paid to the design concept for the chosen event. Subdued light is a successful decision to be made because guest may relax, be unnoticeable if necessary, and choose any attitude. As all guests do not have an opportunity to seat, it is necessary to have an empty space in the middle of the room: cocktail tables should be located around the whole room, and some space should be provided between the tables so that the guests are free to stand there and enjoy the time spent. In spite of the fact that there are no places for sitting, it is crucially important to consider some space with chairs in case some guests will be in need to sit and relax. It is also necessary to take into consideration the tables for empty glasses and plates. It is an entertainment party, so, it is possible to make use of funny po
Introduction Quality is a fundamental component for any manufacturing process. As such, many organizations are keen to ensure that they incorporate quality in their manufacturing processes as well as in their other operations. The current essay endeavors to examine the Robust Design method with respect to quality, and then compared it with the Six Sigma approach. Thereafter, the essay shall endeavor to support the claim that the Japanese quality gurus were influenced greatly by their American counterparts. Finally, the essay shall try to examine the role played by Shigeo Shingo in the field of engineering, and why he deserves a Nobel Prize in quality management. Genichi Taguchi’s Robust Design Method The Robust Design method is the brainchild of Genichi Taguchi (Six Sigma n. d.). The Robust Design method is also concerned with the improvement of the key functions of the process or product. As a result, the Robust Design method allows for concurrent engineering and flexible designs. In particular, the Robust Design method is concerned with the identification of defects and errors in manufacturing. Both the Robust Design and the six sigma approach deal with the elimination of likely defects during manufacturing. Over the last five years, we have seen many of the leading companies invest a lot of their financial and human resources in the Six Sigma method with the intention of minimizing waste during the process of manufacturing and operations. These efforts have had a huge impact on the cost structure of various companies as well as their bottom line. The improvement of engineering productivity relies heavily on the Robust Design method. The technique has evolved over the past fifty years and thus far, many organizat