ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Business scholars prescribe certain characteristics that researches must meet for results and recommendations to arrive at effective resolution of the stated problem. For this reason, the methodology deployed in a research needs to have some specific characteristics, which include credibility, reliability, use of rigorous methods and verification, validity and clarity, coherence in reporting, generalizability, and logic leaps and false assumptions. This paper defines four of these terms in two different ways. Reliability in Business Research Business research aims at resolving certain problems by providing short-term and long-term strategic plans that guarantee business success. Therefore, it is necessary for a research to be reliable. Firstly, reliability refers to the capacity of research to yield consistent findings (DJS Research Ltd par.2). Secondly, reliability may also be used as a business research aspect whereby interviewees are expected to respond to the interviewer’s questions in a similar manner, irrespective of where they are located around the globe. Thus, a research is reliable if two researchers can administer the same questionnaire to the same sample and obtain similar responses. Validity in Business Research Validity in business research can be both internal and external. Validity refers to the degree of truthiness or disloyalty of research propositions (Rolfe 307). From another perspective, Barbour (1028) defines validity as the degree to which tests measure what they are intended to assess, namely, the capacity of research propositions to measure up to the problems under investigation. External validity implies the degree of certainty of various claims raised in the research and the existing variables. External validity implies the degree to which findings of a research can be extended to apply to a bigger sample or even the population (Cohen and Crabtree 333). The method utilized in business research needs to aid the researchers to attain optimal levels of validity of their research for their work to add significant knowledge to the body of knowledge they seek to amplify. Generalizability in Business Research In situations that involve large population sizes, it is impractical to apply research techniques and instruments to the entire population because of the large amount of time and high monetary requirements that are encountered when dealing with large population sizes. Therefore, business research involves sampling, which underlines the importance of generalizing the research findings. Firstly, generalizability means the applicability of the results
Introduction On the macroeconomic level, the inflow of immigrants to a country leads to an expansion in the size of an economy. However, not much attention is paid to the impact that immigration has on employment for local people. It is the tragedies of individuals that are often ignored and not considered when introducing and changing legislation. The problem that needs to be addressed is the government’s indifference to per-capita impact and lack of consideration for the most vulnerable groups. It is possible that immigration remains largely unmanaged because it benefits corporations and the government. However, for local residents, such a dynamic creates unhealthy, cut-throat competition. As a result, local people are deprived of fair employment opportunities and have to compete with more candidates at once. Main body As of 2020, the workforce of the United States includes 28.4 million foreign workers, which amounts to 17.4% (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020). What is more, it is the most prosperous states that have the highest shares of migrant workers: for instance, in California with a flourishing business environment and tech scene, every fourth (27.8%) worker comes from abroad (Public Policy Institute of California, 2017). Quite a few studies suggest that the inflow of immigrants does not decrease average wages. However, the reality is while across the board, the impact may be negligible, when taking a closer look, one may discover that it is the underprivileged groups that are hurt the most. Edo (2015) states that low-qualified workers who are willing to settle for lower wages worsen the situation for local residents. The same goes for the seasonal job market that is oversaturated with migrant workers (Khattab & Fox, 2016). The wages at seasonal jobs would typically serve as compensation for unemployment risk, but now they are driven down by foreign newcomers. It is safe to conclude that immigration hurts people who are already in a vulnerable position in terms of employment. When moving for work is becoming more common, it is immigration that may have a say in people’s mobility patterns. Last but not least is the geospatial aspect of constant immigration. As shown by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017), some natives may react to an influx of immigrants by leaving the areas that have been affected in terms of employment and job security. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017) explains that in the US, some metropolitan areas are almost fully inhabited by immigrants, forming a tight-knit community. In response to this change, some businesses may decide to move, thus, further depriving local residents of job opportunities. Conclusion An influx of immigrants fuels competition in the labor market and hurts the wages of the most vulnerable and underprivileged people. Geographically, it may lead to the displacement of people and businesses, which takes job opportunities elsewhere. It is apparent that while immigration expands the econom
Though there are many developments and advancements in this era of globalization, and the world has enabled itself to use the latest technologies to perform various tasks – whether they are related to the production of goods, production of energy, usage of products, or health treatments. Nevertheless, on the other side, many other concerns bother all of us. One major concern that we all are familiar with is global warming, of course. The prediction is that due to high pollution and heat, the ice glaciers will melt, and the sea levels will rise hence creating many other damages to the countries. Nevertheless, there is another concern that we should worry about; and that is the worsening of health services or hindering in the flourishing of health services in the future. In the future, it is meant by around 20 years or so. The threats that would be faced by health services in the future must be conveyed to the people and relevant organizations to set up some precautionary measures to prevent them. In this paper, we would discuss the main challenges that the health services sector would face, and we will also provide an opinion as to what can be done to manage or prevent them. The first major challenge is life expectancy. The issue is that life expectancy is getting higher and higher at the time of birth. When life expectancy increases, it means that the person is going to live longer, or he or she would have long age. When this happens, it means that the death rates would be lower, and the people would die later. This would result in an increased population because the birth rates would be constant or high, but the death rates would be lower. The people would die in their older age and not before; therefore, people would produce more children in their lifetime and hence there would be an increase in the population. The life expectancy at birth in England has increased vary sharply during the first 50 years of the twentieth century (Wanless, 2003). In the early 1900s, the life expectancy for England for women was around 47; and for men, it was 43. But later in 2001, it increased to a level of 80 for women, and 76 for men. Consequently, the life expectancy cannot be minimized or reduced, but the population can be controlled. People should adopt family planning programs; it means that they should desire lesser children rather than having many children. If each couple has a lower number of children, then obviously it would create a chain effect and the population will not multiply and would be in control. The issue of Infant mortality is also related to it. It means that the children who are in their early ages like 0 to 1 year die after their birth or within one year after
Data Analysis and Interpretation ProExpress is a private package delivery organization with a specific and relatively unique niche in the market. The company has been experiencing steady revenue growth, and the owners want it to stay this way. The Marketing Director (MD) is concerned with the figures of the Customer Satisfaction Report (CSR) and, in particular, with the performance of one of its Regions. Given the importance of customer satisfaction for a company’s performance, the concern of MD is understandable. The Regional Director (RD) of the Region 3 has not been interviewed; the MT states that he does not consider the decrease in figures to be an important issue. Most of the MT members agree with him. The customer rating of the key aspects of delivery (timely delivery, the integrity of the package, friendliness of the employee) that has been termed as Customer Satisfaction with the Delivery Process (DP) is established with the help of service phone call. Customer Satisfaction with Phone-Based Representatives (PR) rating includes only two parameters: the meeting of the needs of the customer and the friendliness of the employee who has been performing the call. The copy of the latest annual CSR is provided. From the CSR, it follows that the Region 3 is the biggest region of the company: it has five areas; its n amounts to almost the half of the total Ns for both DP and PR. This fact emphasizes any issues that the Region might have. During the past year, the overall DP of the company has not decreased while the PR has dropped by 0.1. At the same time, the DP has fallen for Region 2 and remained unchanged for Region 3 (with three separate areas improving their performance and two of them experiencing a 0.2 drop in customer satisfaction). Concerning PR, the Region 2 is the only region that shows improved performance. All the representatives of the Region 1 team demonstrated a 0.2 drop in their PR. The Region 3 experienced a 0.5 drop in three of its representatives’ performance; the performance of employee E has not changed, and the last one demonstrated an improvement. The Region 3, however, has been underperforming for two years when compared to the rest of the Regions. To sum up, certain undesired fluctuations can be traced in every Region and especially in their service team performances. However, these fluctuations can be considered a “fluke,” as an RD calls it. Still, the performance of the Region 3 and especially its PR team shows the tendency of underperforming with respect to other Regions. Apart from that, the analysis of the ns of the Team 3 demonstrates that their standard deviation is unexpectedly large. While it appears to correspond to the associated ns of the DP, it is still rather confusing that the n of the representative D is more than twice lower than that of the rest of the agents. The standard deviation of the same employee is 2.1, which is the highest of the figures presented. These facts make it more difficult to offer assumptions concerning the performance of the team members. Additional Data From the in
Introduction Globalization has brought about the integration of societies. Relative to its social dimension, globalization has impacted social relationships, traditions, and education through the acculturation of individuals from different parts of the world. In some countries, such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE), globalization has led to the migration of people from other countries, and consequently, the country is populated by more expatriates than the Emiratis, that is, the local inhabitants (United Arab Emirates, 2019). Expatriates’ presence and influence have created a cultural diversity that might be overwhelming for the locals’ sense of identity. This has led to the rise of perceptions of “cultural contamination” due to exposure to different ways of doing things. For instance, the UAE was the first country in the Middle East to provide education to women. Moreover, the educational curriculum is being taught in English (Moore-Jones, 2017). Main body Notably, multiculturalism has also benefited the country in several ways. For instance, it has led to economic development. The UAE is no longer regarded as a traditional country having numerous small local shops, but rather as a modern society with large shopping malls, multicultural restaurants, Western niche brands, hence reshaping the traditional UAE consumer (Moore-Jones, 2017). Secondly, it has helped reduce social stratification by reshaping the mindset of the Emiratis towards individuals from certain races (Moore-Jones, 2017). Therefore, since it is evident that multiculturalism has altered social relationships in the UAE, there is a need to evaluate the influence of cultural diversity on local traditions, education, and social relationships from the Emiratis’ perspective. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the effect of globalization and multiculturalism on local traditions and culture in the UAE. This allowed for the determination of the eligibility of the two different schools of thought. Materials and Methods Sample The study was conducted in Dubai in September 2019. Dubai was selected as it is one of the major cities in the UAE, containing a myriad of cultures. Participants aged between 18-30 years were recruited from the university’s faculty members and students through an email circulation ( n =19). This age group was selected as youth are often perceived to be at risk of losing their national identity to pressures of multiculturalism. Furthermore, the study focused on males as Arab Muslim females are not given the independence to interact with others as men. Convenience and judgment sampling techniques were used since the research only targeted Emirati citizens. Surveys were distributed to the participants via their emails and sent back upon completion. Ethical Clearance Ethical approval of the research protocol was obtained from the university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). The participants gave written informed consent forms to implicate their voluntary participation. “I am a student pursuing a …. at ….. Multiculturalism in the UAE is a novel area in social sciences,
Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl is a controversial book that many students and parents would like to see removed from their school curriculum. Some schools have actually removed it already. They have argued that the content in the book is inappropriate for the age level of students. It is argued that the book is too sexually explicit and that it is depressing; therefore it should be removed from required high school reading. The truth is that the reasons for banning the book can also be the reasons for keeping the book in the curriculum. Banning the book could have a negative impact on learning. There are several reasons to retain the book as required reading in school. Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl reminds children of real life historical events; it helps answer questions they may have, while encouraging deductive reasoning and problem solving, it also encourages the students to think for themselves. Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl is a non-fiction account of Anne Frank’s personal strength and courage as she was hiding from Nazi soldiers. The diary accounts for two years of Anne’s life, beginning at age thirteen. Anne’s age is one reason to require the continued reading of her diary in school. It is important for students to know what struggles a similar child went through, especially as a child of the same age. Children need to know that life is not easy for everyone, but there is a way to continue with life, regardless of adversity. This book is a reminder that war is real; it is depressing, but the events really happened. People must remember the past in order to appreciate the present and avoid the possibility of making the same damaging mistakes in the future. This book reminds the reader about the Nazi occupation and World War II. Anne created her own written account of the reality she personally saw; she documented what was happening to everyday people. The diary was to be a revelation of the truth. As Anne’s motivator, the Dutch Minister for Education told the civilians to keep personal records of the events they experienced. There was a fear that the truth would be hidden or lost forever. Anne saw the importance of recorded history. Recorded histories can teach future generations about the past, and can also help teach the reality of the human condition. After the Dutch Minister for Education completed his speech Anne revised her earlier writings. She made them easy to read and added extra details that she felt would be important. She also removed anything she felt was too personal for public viewing. After Anne’s death, her writing skills even surprised her father. After reading her entries he said that her words were accurate and very vivid. This book is an eye-witness account of what the Jewish people endure
Power is defined as the ability to influence other people into doing something without questioning. Power can be personal, legitimate, or official, depending on its acceptability and legitimacy. It is directly exercised on a subordinate who is expected to obey and follow the given directions. The persons involved tend to respect the orders delivered not out of willingness but under pressure to comply (Garner et al., 2009). On the other hand, authority is the right given to a holder of a specific position to make decisions, but with certain limits. It is exercised on colleagues as opposed to power, which is exerted on subordinates. The person who assumes authority has the liberty to exercise such rights that they may deem to fit. Authority is explicitly outlined, and thus it is fixed and well defined as opposed to power, which is the innate ability of the person that holds a given office. It is not limited or described vividly. The giver of authority can also take it easy, while power cannot be accepted (Garner et al., 2009). Also, control is not coercive or forceful, but it involves convincing people of a given decision’s validity. In exercising authority, one influences people to do what is right and helpful. For example, an author who affects people into reading their writings can be said to use their authority. Canadian supreme court The Supreme Court is the highest in the country with jurisdiction to hear and consider all cases. It is designed to listen to lower courts’ appeals where a patient has been omitted in an earlier decision. The decision made by judges of this court is final, and it cannot be appealed. Therefore, this aspect means that the court exercises p
How an Economist Would Approach the Problem of Alcohol Abuse Alcohol abuse is a real disaster for any country. A lot of professionals try to deal with this specific problem and economists also can contribute to solving this issue. One of the main measures which may be takes is the price increase induced by taxation (Heien, 1995). The research has been conducted to find out whether people are going to reduce the amount of the bought alcohol if the prices are increased. Chaloupka, Grossman, and Saffer (2002) state in their research that considerable reduction of the alcohol consumption may be observed with the increase of the taxation on alcohol which is going to lead to the price growth. Another economic activity which may be applied to the solution of the alcohol abuse problem is the creation of the conditions when alcohol manufactures lose their income. This lost productivity theory may lead to the income reduction of many manufactures, however, this loss cannot be compared to the present situation when the whole country’s economics suffers. First of all, health care expenditures of alcohol abusers are much greater. The insurance cannot usually cover the problems which occur. Second, the productivity of the alcohol abusers is lower as they are unable to work efficiently due to their health issues and general poor condition of their organism. Third, the general impact on the society also causes many expenses, such as motor vehicle crashes, crimes, etc. Finally, alcohol abusers negatively affect the country image and social norms (Chaloupka, Grossman, and Saffer, 2002). How Prescription Drugs Affect the Demand and Supply of Other Products One of the main measures which are taken nowadays for the reduction of the alcohol abuse is drugs treatment. There are a lot of different medicines which promise to prevent further alcohol consumption. Even though this measure is not really effective, many people continue applying to it when they want to stop drinking themselves or to help their friends or relatives to do it. Such combat with alcohol is really profitable for many people. First of all, it is profitable for drugs producers. The use of prescription drugs makes people consume other supportive medicine which help them cope with stress. Alcohol abusers usually suffer from stress when they want to quit and consume drugs. Many people usually support drugs treatment with herbal remedies, or even substitute them. Traditional medicine still remains popular among people. Therefore, the suppliers of such products appear in winning position. Moreover, many people are sure that consuming drugs they are to improve their nutrition, therefore, the demand on such products as meat, fish, milk and vegetables may increase as well. Elasticity of Demand and Elasticity of Supply Importance When Analyzing the Impact of a Shift in Supply and a Shift in Demand Respectively Elasticity of demand and elasticity of supply are very important aspects in economics as well as the notions of supply and demand in general. The coordination between demand and supply show
Mentoring is viewed as an effective strategy applied in organisations in order to support colleagues, provide expert opinion and assistance, and promote the further professional development of an employee. As a result, mentoring allows for forming productive and beneficial relationships between mentors and mentees that contribute to learning, the development of skills, and the creation of a positive, supportive atmosphere in the workplace (Abalkhail & Allan 2015). However, the literature indicates that the issue of mentoring in the advancement of the career of a female manager is more complex, and it requires further analysis and discussion. In this context, it is important to analyse the effectiveness of mentoring in advancing the careers of female managers with reference to the work of Ehrich (2008) and Durbin (2016) among others. Despite the fact that researchers identified various issues associated with mentoring, such as a lack of mentors, power imbalances, and cross-gender mentoring, the effectiveness of this strategy for female managers is supported by evidence in studies that also accentuate the necessity of selecting mentoring