ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Dancing is firmly embedded in many human cultures. While on the later stages it mainly serves aesthetic purposes, sociologists and anthropologists generally agree that it is almost always rooted in ritual dancing. On the outside, the ritual dance has all the same elements the other types do: the costumes, the music, the patterns are generally recognizable. However, all of the elements of ritual dance can usually be traced to their point of origin. In other words, each part serves a certain purpose and either conveys a message or is used to execute a particular function and achieve a particular result. The significance of ritual dance elements can be illustrated by the Tibetan Cham dance. This dance has retained its ritualistic meaning in modern times and has been used by the monks for shamanic purposes throughout the twentieth century (Pearlman 102). Buddhism actually categorizes dance as a minor science, called rigpa (Pearlman 100). The dancing itself is almost codified, with the set of moves that correspond to the karmas of enrichment, destruction, pacification, and magnetization. The moves are used to prolong life, eliminate pride, ignorance, attachment, and invoke spaciousness, equanimity, and mirrorlike wisdom (Pearlman 107). The props used in the Cham dances also convey a specific meaning. For example, the bell and Dorje, held by dancers during certain performances, symbolize the Upaya (method) and Prajna (wisdom). Throughout the dance, the performing monks are seen bringing these two props close to each other, which signifies the unification of Upaya and Prajna as a result of spiritual practices. Some of the props in dancing also share the utilitarian purposes. One of the most widely recognized is the rain stick used in the Mayan ritual dances. While it can be seen as a musical instrument, and was often utilized as such, its main purpose was to ask for the favorable weather conditions. The Mayan dances had another characteristic feature: the poses exhibited by the dancers. While almost every move in the ritual dance is usually charged with meaning, the pose, characterized by the defined positions of arms, legs, and feet, served instead as a “phrase” (Looper 111) conveying a clustered message in a more condensed way than possible by the set of moves or elaborate costumes. Speaking of costumes, these too have a long history of prominent presence in the ritual dancing phenomenon. Some archeological finds of a Neolithic period contain props which are argued by some social archeologists to have been used for the dancing rituals. These most often include the wings of birds, most notably cranes, which aligns with the rather ancient and ethnographically widespread crane dance. Other costume elements include w
Racial issues have been important for the United States for a long period of time. The culture of a lot of states in the country leads to a gruesome result. A lot of people of all ages consider racism a normal thing. States like Louisiana, Georgia, and others are famous for their Ku Klux Klan Clan activity. The worst thing is that white people, who consider themselves more civilized than African Americans are the leading force in organizations like that. In his book “Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word” R.Kennedy doesn’t address the issue of the origin of the world, as it might look. The author emphasizes the social environment, the racism, and the conditions of African Americans in the US. The author is interested in the slang used by Americans, the origin of the N. word, but at the same time, he tries to show the social, historical situation, which brought out the N. word as one of the most offensive in the English language. Kennedy shows the peculiarities about the usage of the N. word. He analyzes everything from the slavery songs of the 19 th century to cartoons and movies. He opposes “nigger” to “nigga”, which considered being a slang definition of a friend. By this specific example, Kennedy shows that the main aspect of the offense brought by the N. word is solely social. Kennedy managed to show why the N. word is allowed to use by Blacks, but at the same time forbidden for use for Whites. Randal Kennedy addresses the issue of using the N. work. He asks a lot of questions like “Should Blacks use the N. word in ways forbidden for others?!” etc. The author answers his own questions in a linguistic and social manner. By giving examples of anecdotes and stories about “n….s” Kennedy gives a historical retrospective on how the anger about this word developed among the African American population. Kennedy gives a view of the law on the usage of the N. word. By giving examples of some real court sessions that took place in the United States and were concerned with the use of the N. word the author shows how sometimes the racial issue might become “a shield” and “a justification” to all of the sins. And at the same time, there is always a chance for you to be accused of racism just because you used a word that is similar to the N. word. He underlines the whole stupidity to which the situation could get. Kennedy also emphasizes the fact that the N. word is offensive because it is specifically used by Whites, not because it has a certain historical background for Blacks. The examples of using the N. word from Tarantino movies are giving you the idea, that the word is used to underline the criminal situation and the criminal background of the characters. This means that he mocks the
Wireless communication is among the recent technologies that have been developed. According to Deal (2008), wireless network is computer network that is connected without the use of cables. It has made internet accessible to individuals in all locations hence the problem of internet access has been solved. On the other hand, wired network has limitations in that it is difficult to spread it to different locations because of its static nature. However, it is sometimes preferred to wireless network. Wireless network makes it possible for the incorporation of the most recent technologies like Wi-Max and Wi-Fi which provide reliable, efficient and faster internet access. Based on these factors, wireless network has many advantages for its users. Both wireless and wired networks are implemented through hardware systems. The hardware applied to implement wireless network is determined by the scope of the network and the importance of multiple access points. For instance, small wireless LAN is implemented through wireless broadcasting equipment that function as broadcasting channels. The workstation computers are then connected through equipment that detects the signal relayed through wireless radio. The use of wireless LAN spreads spectrum technologies with the aim of enhancing end user mobility. It utilizes Wi-Fi which makes coverage of large areas possible. In addition, it is less susceptible to obstacles. It is also effective in terms of signal transmission since it does not require cables, a factor that makes its transmission easy (Briere & Hurley, 2010). One of the advantages of Wi-Fi is its scalability. Workstation PCs and other devices that have the capacity to detect signals from Wi-Fi normally establish a connection with Wi-Fi network through wireless access points. In home networks, wireless routers are used to increase accessibility. Router specifications make it possible for different devices to access home network. Improvements in technology have led to the development of IP version six, which has the capacity to support up to 16 bit addresses. It also increases the number of IP addresses assigned to devices in Wi-Fi network. A high number of IP addresses is not mandatory for Wi-Fi networks to work as anticipated since they increase the network load. This problem is solved through the installation of multiple access points in Wi-Fi networks which distribute the load responsible for altering network functionality in cases of single access points (Deal, 2008). Employing two routers in home networks has a primary role of increasing access points in the networks. Basically, this increases the security and performance of the network. In addition, routers offer an eff
Not so long ago the representatives of the general public started to pay enormous attention to government spending, as it is based on their money received with the help of taxes. Seeing that some initiatives fail to provide an expected advantage, the population tends to question their benefit for the country and require some explanations. It also happens that the criticism starts before the implementation of alteration. The same happened to the USA because of the idea to maintain and develop a high-speed rail network (Darson para. 1). People are already wary of the spending that does not regain itself. As a result, they are willing to receive some evidence that the new system will be beneficial. The fact that the amount of proposed money for the high-speed rail is already almost $80 billion less cannot ensure positive outcomes (Kiely para. 23). Taking into consideration such information, I believe that the program was not efficiently developed, which prevented the government from meeting desired goals and having expected funds. However, in total, the initiative seems to be rather advantageous for the country. It is hard to say whether the obtained investment is good and whether it will be enough for the USA to get on the new level. Still, the country can consider those benefits that will be reached after the implementation, including speed, mobility, and energy savings. The new train system will require new professionals, which means that numerous green jobs will be needed through the USA (US HSR para. 1). It is good for the representatives of the general public, as fewer people will be unemployed. Oil spending will also reduce, which is advantageous for the economy. Moreover, the reduction of its usage is good for the environment. In this way, there will be no necessity anymore to allocate so many military forces to protect oil flow. As a consequence, national security will not be so affected as it is now. The population of the county and tourists will have an opportunity to travel through the USA and to other locations in convenient trains that follow a particular schedule with no delays. Trains also provide an opportunity to reduce congestion on roads. More people will be able to afford traveling due to the ticket price that will be lowered. A new way of transportation will also be much safer as it was statistically proved that the majority of accidents happen when people use cars. I also believe that the implementation of a high-speed travel system will affect my county’s tourism system in a positive manner. Many people treat such trains as a project from the future that can compare with the air industry (Steketee para. 6). Thus, the image of the country improves and tourists got attracted by it (Delaplace, Bazin-Benoit, and Pagliara 6). New trains can entail the occurrence of new routes that are l
Introduction There have been a notable number of philosophers in the course of history whose thoughts and theories on the political and social structure of the society have influenced its hierarchy. The most famous of these philosophers include Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Karl Marx and John Rawls. In this essay, we will discuss their most notable contributions and the impact they have had in our current society. Body Platonic Philosophy Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher born of a noble family was concerned to illustrate that the level of right and wrong was not merely an issue of principle. Plato advanced the conjecture of other pre-Socratic philosophers concerning change and tried to bring together Parmenides’ and Heraclitus’ doctrines through the famous Platonic Philosophy. (New Knowledge Library, 12) Plato, just like Heraclitus, had firm faith in impermanence of worldly things and that these things were examined by human senses and took part in making the ideal Form. The ideal forms only exist in human mind and are therefore neither unchanging nor material. Plato’s goal in the philosophy was to understand the eternal form and to educate others about that idea. Plato looked upon ethics as the most vital aspect of knowledge. He emphasized the rational basis of virtue and associated virtue with wisdom. This idea led to the purported “Socratic paradox” asserted by Socrates in the Protagoras that “no person voluntarily commits evil” (New Knowledge Library, 18) Plato took time to observe and study the basic problems faced with political theories, natural sciences, theology, metaphysics and the theories of knowledge and eventually came up with inspirations that have been regarded as the permanent elements in the western thoughts. Therefore, Plato’s philosophy is based on his doctrine of forms or theory of ideas as expressed in many of his arguments especially in the “Republic and the Parmenides”. Aristotle’s Citizenship Aristotle believed from his heart that an ideal state, no matter what form of government it is, must maintain its authority by attending to the healthy living of its people as a whole. What aligns Aristotle with the democratic theory is his definition of a state as “an association of free men”. Despite this fact, Aristotle at some point distastes democracy and argues that in the society, there exist a certain class of people should not have the right to take part in the democratic advancement of a
Introduction Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder that is characterized by mood swings. A child suffering from this disorder may be very happy in one instance and may easily become sad for no good reason. According to Bardick and Bernes (2005), bipolar disorder may be ignored because it is not accompanied by physical pain. However, it brings mental torture that may be unbearable to a child. That is why Guest (2013) suggests that this disorder should be treated before it leads to other serious mental problems. In this study, the researcher seeks to support the argument that bipolar disorder among children should be diagnosed and treated. Informed Perspective of the Topic The researcher strongly supports the idea of diagnosing and treating bipolar disorder among children in order to avoid negative consequences it might bring. According to Guest and Fieldman (2011), mood swings is always an indication of mental weakness. Feelings of happiness and sadness should have a reasonable justification. When a person becomes extremely agitated or very sad without a clear reason for it, then it is a sign of mental weakness. Such conditions should not be ignored because they can be symptoms of a serious mental sickness (Tina, 2008). Diagnosis of bipolar disorder should be considered as soon as a child is detected to have abnormal mood swings. As Guest (2013) says, an early intervention may help a child from mental distress that may result into serious health complications. Discussion Medical experts have suggested that bipolar disorder among children should be diagnosed and treated because if it is ignored, then the child may develop serious mental illnesses. This suggestion has been supported by a number of studies by scholars in this field. A study by Bardick and Bernes (2005) focused on the consequences of bipolar disorder among the children as they grow into adolescent stage. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bipolar disorder among the children and drug abuse. Quantitative method involving 200 participants was used in order to find out if drug abuse among adolescents has any relationship with bipolar disorder. It was found that children who suffered from bipolar disorder were four times more likely to become drug addicts. The results showed that this disorder led to mental suffering that drove adolescents into drug abuse and alcoholism as a solution to their problems. It was more prevalent among children who were ignored by their parents. As they became adolescents, they developed a feeling that the only way of solving their problem is to engage in alcoholism and drug abuse. These are practices which are harmful to the health of the adolescent. For this reason, the findings o
Facts The Terry vs. State Of Ohio case gave a landmark ruling that defined how the fourth amendment affected unreasonable searches and seizures in America. The case involved a police officer who searched and arrested John Terry (the petitioner) for having a concealed weapon. The arresting officer did so after noticing the petitioner pacing along a street, suspiciously. At the time of the arrest, Terry was with an acquaintance. They occasionally peeped through a store window and conversed in low tones. When the two men followed a man they had talked to, the officer walked up to them and searched for a concealed weapon. He believed they intended to commit a crime. The search showed that one of them had a weapon. The officer charged him for this crime. Issue Since the arresting officer searched the petitioner without probable cause, it was important to understand if the fourth amendment protected the suspect from an unwarranted search and seizure. Therefore, the main issue in the case involved understanding if a search for weapons without probable cause was unlawful, or not. Decision Majority View: The US Supreme Court ruled against the plaintiff by saying reasonable searches were lawful if officers believed that a person was armed (Martinez, 2014). The Court believed that denying officers the right to search suspects would burden their work and compromise their security, or that of the suspects they want to protect. Dissent: Justice William Douglas did not support unwarranted stop and searches (without probable cause) because he believed giving this power to police officers would be excessively empowering them. He argued that even magistrates did not enjoy this privilege. Therefore, he believed officer empowerment was tantamount to totalitarianism. First Concurrence: Justice John Harlan supported the majority view. However, he highlighted the need to have conditional searches. He said it was important for officers to have reasonable cause to stop and search people (Martinez, 2014). Second Concurrence: Justice Byron White similarly supported the majority view, but he equally highlighted the need to have conditional searches. He said searches should only occur if the officers believed the persons were potentially violent (Martinez, 2014). Discussion The above case shaped how the American police conducted searches on suspected criminals. Since violence could have occurred if the arresting officer did not act, how he did, the safety of both the officer and the targeted victim took center-stage in the proceedings. Based on this focus, the judges had to make sure they protected the safety of all parties (officers, suspects and potential victims). Although the court ruled against the plaintiff, it recognized the need to respect the suspect’s right. In this regard, it required police o
Following and Preceding Passages The preceding passages can be considered as part of the introduction. In these passages the author used an illustration to clarify his point and it is revealing that he used the concept of running a race. Interestingly, the race is a marathon and not about sprinting towards a finish line and therefore the fastest person gets the reward. Readers are made aware that the activity described herein is more likely about distance running rather than a 100-meter dash is based on the statement that endurance is the key factor that can win this race. The preceding passages that have a bearing on Hebrews 12:6-14 is not only about the illustration of a marathon but it can even be argued that the introduction has three parts. The first one is the idea concerning the charge that the followers of Christ must develop endurance to win the race. It also suggests discipline and single-mindedness. The second part of the introduction talks about an example of endurance and it is not the endurance commonly seen among athletes but the endurance exhibited by a man nailed to a cross. The author brought down the core of the argument by saying that Jesus did not only demand endurance and perseverance but more importantly made an example of his life. He did not only talk about the importance of “running the race” Jesus demonstrated that endurance means to die for the cause if necessary. Finally, the last part of the introduction provides segue way to the main text and yet it is not less important. In this portion the author said that God disciplines his followers not because they are athletes competing in his honor. God disciplines his followers not because they are soldiers that are supposed to be trained, to hone their skills and to make them an invaluable part of God’s army. There is only one reason why the LORD subjects His followers to a painful process and it is based on the fact that God does not treat them as royal subjects but treats them as children. The passages that follow Hebrews 12:6-14 also provides the reader information that can help understand the said pericope. Immediately following the verses are statements regarding: 1) sin; 2) bitterness that defile many; 3) sexual immorality; 4) godlessness; and 5) disinheritance. This serves as some form of a warning as to what awaits those who refuse be purified and even those who chose to go away. Form Cr