ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Any kind of security that cannot be traded in public is known as private equity. I have worked in Saudi American Bank (Samba) as a coop student at the private equity desk whereby I have faced some issues with a private equity firm that was hard to handle. The equity firm wanted to invest $100,000 in a small company in Saudi Arabia whose profits had been decreasing significantly over a three-year period. The problem was that the firm’s investment manager was investing for the first time and therefore, he had many questions to ask before he finally made the decision to invest in the company. I had to advise the client accordingly to convince him to invest in the company. The private equity firm wanted to have majority control in the company so that it could buy it at a lower price and resale it for a higher value. The client then wanted to know the various strategies that can be used to invest. To help him make a decision, I had to take about one hour to explain all the various strategies available. A leveraged buyout is a strategy that enables the financial sponsor to just agree to acquire a firm without necessarily providing all capital required for the investment. The sponsor is only required to provide a proportion of capital and can always get a share of the returns. The problem with this strategy is that it can only be done by a mature company due to the huge cash flow requirements. A venture capitalist strategy is used to enable the acquired firm to expand its operations like that of introducing a new product. The acquired firm may not have sufficient fund to support its expansion and therefore may require to be financed by another company. It is very useful for a business that is starting and has insufficient funds. It also applies to the businesses whose technology changes from time to time and therefore may require additional funds to finance its operations. A mezzanine capital may be used when the investor is not able to obtain huge debts from banks due to a lack of sufficient security. It is very risky since the small company may not be able to repay the loan. An investor shall then require very high returns due to the high risks involved. A distressing situation involves investing in a company that has financial problems. The acquired companies may need to be rescued from some of the challenges that they are facing financially. The investor can only invest in such firms when he hopes that the firm is likely to recover after some time. It is very risky but the returns are very high if the company recovers. It, therefore, requires risk-takers to invest in such companies. The investment manager for the company decided to use the buyout strategy. I told him that he had to incre
It is important to emphasize the use of the whole language. The use of language experience books can be incorporated to enrich the child’s mind. One will use words, ideas, images, as well as diagrams to create meaning together. This will be done not through a particular pattern; instead, it will follow the learner’s interests and curiosity. The role of the adult will be to provide knowledge of how written and spoken language works. One will, therefore, start by drawing a picture or a souvenir and then write words or sentences for the child present. The child and the adult will look at the page together as the adult reads out the words aloud. Both will be looking at the words together for some time. This form of talking will include activities such as linking the image or the souvenir with the words (Robertson 190). These words may include synonyms or even antonyms, with words expanding the child’s language knowledge. The next level would include letting the child choose a drawing or picture or even a souvenir as the adult asks the child for words or an appropriate story that goes with those things. As the child responds, the adult will use that every child’s language the way it is or sometimes expand it with a view of introducing the child to some new word forms, vocabulary, or even new ways of using the words that have been acquired. In this case, the adult will write words and sentences down as the child watches. Each day, both will be looking at the page, with the adult reading out the words aloud, linking them with the images provided with a view to further expand the child’s knowledge (Robertson 191). The other step would be letting the child create or choose a drawing picture of any other stimuli such as a toy, animal, photograph, visits to interesting places, school events, sports holidays, etc. without being prompted by the adult. In this case, as an actor, the adult will act as a scribe by writing the child’s words and sentences in the child’s presence. As every day passes, the adult will read them out aloud. Both will link the words together with the aim of adding to the child’s language and understanding. The other part is where the child chooses a drawing picture or a souvenir and writes down the words with assistance. The adult may also do part of the writing. Remember, here there is a lot of collaboration. Both read the words through turn-taking. They talk about the words and ideas with either of them feeling free to prompt the other to bring out new interpretations or even come out with questions (Robertson 191). As the learning advances, the child’s role will become more prominent. The child will write words and sentences without much help from the adult. The child will read the words aloud, and both will converse more with a view to seeking more
Introduction The Longford film is set in the early 1960s, where everyone is taking a carefree time when the horrific slayings of three children occur and shock the whole country. It is encompassed in Pennine Moorlands, in northern England in a quiet neighborhood where almost everyone is familiar with the neighbors’ tendencies. The then leader of the House of Lords, Lord Longford, is a frequent visitor of the prisons. During this time, he corresponds with the incarcerated and receives letters from them (Hooper & Morgan, 2006). At one time, he gets a letter from Myra Hindley, who is imprisoned after committing three notorious murders known as the Moors Murders with her boyfriend and accomplice Brady. He visits her, and she tries to deceive him into believing she is changed by converting to his own Roman Catholic Church. Brady advises Longford to turn his back on her, but he remains impartial to the idea that people eventually become good, led to think so by his strong religious beliefs (Brown). He goes further to influence and run a campaign for the parole of Myra Hindley, for which he receives mass criticism and results in furious political debates rocking the country. Longford eventually fails in his quest to get her paroled and realizes upon her confession of two more slayings that she was deceiving him. However, he persists, and he is last seen visiting her at the prison as a 95-year-old man before he dies. Myra Hindley lives to the age of 60 and never receives parole. Critical response to the movie According to the director’s scene play, the film receives positive reviews, but it raises eyebrows from its dramatic conflict, lunacy, and lucidity. Of more concern is how he portrays Lord Longford; he was gullible and motivated to win Hindley parole following his religious beliefs even after being advised not to by his wife, Lindsay Duncan. Longford is painted as a questionable politician, a hate-figure, and a laughing stock in his support for the parole of a woman considered the evilest woman. The Prime Minister, after that, removes Longford from Government leadership when he learns that Longford had visited Hindley ((Hooper & Morgan, 2006). The director sets an excellent basis for revisiting the Moors Murders, and in his film, he develops a deadlock to the progress of release of
Solipsism and solitude are two ideas that are closely related. The ideas are a part of an extensive topic brought up by early western philosophers, and is still widely studied by today’s philosophers. Solipsism is a complex philosophy that explores the individuality of the mind. It is the belief that the mind exists while nothing else is certain. In this case, the mind of a person must exist since it is able to perceive. However, whatever the mind perceives could be pure deception or a corrupted representation of the reality. This is the basic concept of solipsism. Philosophers have complicated the concept of solipsism such that it has gained meaning that makes it seem to represent the most radical ideas about existence. The philosophy of solipsism depicts a universe, which exist as a creation of the mind. This means that the surrounding environment may not be distortion of the real existence, but may be the mind itself. Moreover, the concept, which embraces metaphysical thinking, dictates that the environment around the perceiver represents the mind. Thus, an individual’s universe is made up of his or her mind alone. Today’s criticism of solipsism is that the concept advocates for ignorance of the importance of other people’s opinions. It is regarded as a kind of escapism. On the other hand, solitude is a state of separation from other living beings. In this case, living beings are those, which can be perceived by the human eye. Solitude can be viewed as the moment which one’s mind is not distracted by the surrounding environment. This concept is separate and distinct from the idea of loneliness. Whereas solitude could be utilized for constructive thinking, loneliness can only serve to develop a depressing feeling. However, there is a close relationship between the two concepts. While solipsism focuses on the power of the mind, solitude defines the state of the surrounding, which the mind is allowed to perceive and discern. It is during moments of solitude, that an individual can form constructive thoughts. Rene Descartes first explored the two concepts deeply, and later several other thinkers, including David Thoreau and Kurt Hoelting analyzed the concepts keenly. In the book, “Walden”, David Thoreau focuses keenly on the subject of solitude. He says that he is more comfortable when he is alone than when he has company. He presents a paradox when he says that he has never found another comp
Introduction This paper is an analysis of the operations management of PepsiCo Company. Operations management is critical for the success of any company and in this paper the significance of operations management is brought out by focusing on PepsiCo Company. Background of PepsiCo PepsiCo is a large company dealing with food, snacks and beverages; it is approximated to be worth $39 billion and has employed 185, 000 employees. The company comprise of three main divisions located in Latin America, North America and its international subsidiaries. Operational management is an important aspect in the modern corporate world; it an important part of an organization and a strategic department in the organizational structure. The company offers a wide variety of products in order to meet customer demands, needs and preference. They select product choices that promote healthy lifestyles. PepsiCo is headquartered in the city of New York. Operations management is the design, operations and the improvement of an organization’s systems that facilitate the creation and the delivery of a company’s products and services. The company deals in the production of beverage products: Diet Pepsi, Gatorade mountain dew, thirst quencher, Tropicana and Aquafina bottled mineral water, the company also deals with savory food snacks like Fritos corn chips, cheetos and lay potato chips; other products of the company are food products which include cereals and cakes. (Scribd, 2011, p. 4) Operations Management at PepsiCo Operations management is defined as the planning, scheduling and controlling of all the activities that can transform organizational inputs into finished goods and services. Operations management focuses on effective planning in an organization and the control of manufacturing through the application of such concepts as engineering, quality management, production management, accounting and management system. Operational management entails the making use of all the resources available to produce finished products or services and to meet customers’ needs in a cost-effective manner. Operations management places a lot of focus on the management of the processes involved in production and distribution of the products. The processes involved in operations management are the creation and distribution of products (Heizer, & Render, 2011). Other activities that are related to operations management are the management of purchases, controlling of inventory, quality control, storage and overall logistics. All these can be realized through efficient and effective processes (Heizer, & Render, 2011). Conclusively, it can be said that operations management is the set of all the activities which enhance the creation of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs (Scribd, 2011). Supply Chain The supply chain in a company is aimed at maximizing the value of products generated. Supply value chain is considered as the difference between the value final
COVID-19 related restrictions, limitations, and quarantines spread across the United States of America at the beginning of 2020, making many people lose jobs. The issue concerned multiple layers of the population, making them suffer from financial losses, moving places, and changing their lifestyle. Miscellaneous families had to experience homelessness due to a lack of finances to maintain themselves (COVID-19 is ‘a crisis, 2020). Thousands of people who became unsheltered had no choice but to live outside during the pandemic growth (Willis & Molina, 2019; Tsai & Wilson, 2020). The current pandemic of the respiratory disease named COVID-19 does not create a massive risk to all the society layers. The point is that people who experience homelessness may be vulnerable to infection due to transmission risks in their traditional settings. It implies that they do not follow hygiene procedures, posing a greater chance of catching a disease. Thus, social distance is not kept, which let the virus spread faster and infect more people. People experiencing homelessness are vulnerable to COVID-19 due to the risk of transmission. There were numerous severe problems homeless people encountered. Overcrowded shelters and camps, sleeping outdoors, and unstable housing make it difficult to participate in activities that can help prevent illnesses (COVID-19 is ‘a crisis, 2020). They did not have access to nutritious food, nor did they sleep well at night. The stress took over their lives as they could do nothing but stay at those congregate settings (Kranke te al., 2020). In general, their daily life was disrupted, and it was impossible to imagine how to get back to normal. Epidemiological studies demonstrated a high prevalence of multiple diseases both contagious and chronic. There is evidence that homeless people have unusually large spikes in hospital admissions during pandemic flu seasons, indicating vulnerability to viral respiratory infections (COVID-19 is ‘a crisis, 2020). The risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in homeless shelters has prompted some interventions aimed at reducing the risk of transmission, but the implications to date and potential future consequences are unclear. What is more, the indigenous population of the United States can be positively affected by the pandemic. Indigenous people, native Indian tribes, in particular, live all over
Background In healthcare settings, managers have a moral and legal obligation to ensure patients get high-quality patient care. Healthcare managers perform a variety of tasks that include directing and coordinating other departments; they also handle the needs of the medical team and the healthcare business operations (Fatima et al., 2018). According to Parand et al. (2014), healthcare managers play a prominent and essential role in patient safety and quality care. Therefore, this paper will discuss the manager’s role and accountability in offering patient care, identify specific problems and their causes in patient care delivery, and recommend the various actions healthcare managers and the CEO can take to improve patient care. Roles of the Manager from the Patient’s Perspective From a patient’s perspective, the healthcare manager’s responsibilities include ensuring good communication between the medical team and the patient, fostering understanding between the two parties. They are also responsible for patient safety and making sure that patients are informed on the available helpful volunteers such as pastoral services or social services and how they can make use of them. In addition, they provide a follow-up to the patient to make sure they are thoroughly attended to (Buchbinder et al., 2019). Mangers mainly focus on food service delivery to patients since some lack appetite, making it essential to improve the quality of food and have it delivered on time and to the right persons. The manager should also ensure that patients are thoroughly educated and informed on their condition and that they are treated with the utmost respect. Roles of the Manager from the Physician’s Perspective From a physician’s perspective, the healthcare manager should influence the hospital’s patient safety goal and issue a powerful message of safety commitment. They should encourage a hospital culture that is based on norms concerning multidisciplinary cooperation. They are required to communicate with departmental heads and medical staff members and work hand in hand with other healthcare professionals to upgrade quality and efficiency in providing healthcare services. They also have to create work and shift schedules for other administrators and direct care providers. Roles of the Manager from Manager’s Perspective The manager’s roles include comp
“[…] he wrote about pity: about something somewhere that made them all: the old man who had to catch the fish and then lose it, the fish that had to be caught and then lost, the sharks which had to rob the old man of his fish; made them all and loved them all and pitied them all” – in such a way Faulkner described the main theme of Hemingway’s The Old Man and Sea (1951) (Bloom 5). I cannot but agree that the feeling of pity pierces the novel through. However, I believe that the main idea that the author managed to render is that human virtues like courage, dignity, pride and the ability to guard oneself against defeat are unconquered no matter what hardship a man undergoes. Unlike most of Hemingway’s works that emphasize what men cannot do, The Old Man and the Sea stresses what people can do and admit the significance of men’s courage, a dignity that fills the world with heroic deeds. Though the universe inhabited by Santiago, the old Cuban fisherman, “is not free of tragedy and pain but these are transcended,” the affirming tone of the novel is in sharp contrast with pessimism; the novel gives the readers hope for better that doesn’t die till human courage, dignity and pride exist (Bloom 13). From the first lines of the novel, the reader understands that Santiago is the man struggling against defeat. For eighty-four days, he came back home from the sea without fish. Still, he does not want to accept the status of “salvo” (Hemingway 5). The sail of Santiago’s skiff resembles “the flag of permanent defeat,” but at the same time, it is a symbol of the old man’s constant struggle. (5) He resolves to sail out farther than ever, where he expects to catch the biggest fish. Santiago lands the marlin after a cruel three-day fight and keeps on warding off sharks from eating his prey, even realizing the game is not worth the candle. What inspires Santiago to fight is his life principle: “man is not made for defeat… A man can be destroyed but not defeated” (103). As the novel develops, we see that in spite of the three injuries during the fight with the marlin – a cut on his head (52), cuts to his right hand (55), and his left hand severely cramping “into a claw” (58) – Santiago is not destroyed. The theme of resistance to defeat is revealed in many ways in the novel. Referencing baseball is one of them. Sports are a domain in which human courage and dignity acquire special importance. Along with hard work and self-discipline, they constitute preconditions of a sportsman’s success. The same happens in The Old Man and the Sea . Being thrice-injured, Santiago thinks how he “must be worthy of the great DiMaggio who does all things perfectly even with the pain of the bone spur in his heel” (68). “I will show [the fish] what a man can do and what a man endures” (66), Santiago believes, and then wonders, “Do you believe the great DiMaggio would stay with a fish as long as I will stay with this one?” (68) Santiago’s unflagging determination
Questions to Baddeley, Eysenck, and Anderson’s (2015) Autobiographical Memory What is the purpose of autobiographical memory? Autobiographical memory serves as the means of retaining the essential information about one’s life. For instance, autobiographical memory provides a chance to remember the events that shaped one’s personality and defined the further course of one’s development. In other words, autobiographical memory contributes to the development of an individual’s identity, therefore, helping people to define their place and role in the social and family hierarchy, thus, cementing their relationships with others (Baddeley, Eysenck, & Anderson, 2015). Furthermore, autobiographical memory is an integral part of one’s mental health. The loss of autobiographical memory is typically associated with health issues such as dementia, particularly, Alzheimer’s disease (Baddeley et al., 2015). Therefore, the acquisition and retention of autobiographic memory are essential to one’s cognitive and emotional development. What is calendrical autobiographical memory? The phenomenon of calendrical autobiographical memory is especially curious since it incorporates the description of several unprecedented cases. The subject matter is rendered as a rather rare occurrence and is, therefore, atypical in most people. Although the presence of calendrical memory does not imply that one should be able to remember the events associated with specific episodes especially well, the subject matter implied an outstandingly good level of autobiographical memory progress (Baddeley et al., 2015). The level of detail that people with calendrical memory show when recalling specific autobiographical events is truly unbelievable. Further studies of the mechanics of calendrical memory are required to explore the issue deeper and, therefore, gain a better understanding of the properties of memory. Questions to Kensinger and Schacter’s (2006) Article What is the difference between the effects of positive and negative valence on the efficacy of memorizing specific events? According to the study carried out by Baddeley et al. (2015), there is no tangible difference between the effects that positive and negative valence has on people’s abilities to remember particular events. To be more accurate, the number of details that the groups representing positive and negative valence-based memory processes recalled was similar in both groups. Both types of participants memorized roughly the same number of details concerning the events in which they took part. This type of the information was different in each case; according to the outcomes of the measurement process, the negative-valence group showed the propensity toward developing the informati