ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) is an integral part of healthcare, greatly improving care provision. It is implemented to reduce prescription errors, which is a prevalent issue, and make health records more accessible, as patients may complain about undecipherable handwriting (Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés et al., 2017). CPOE is usually integrated with a clinical decision support system (CDSS), which offers the necessary supporting information (Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés et al., 2017). They contribute to care safety and cost reduction, although humans are still responsible for supplying accurate and relevant information on conditions, such as stroke, and their treatment (Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés et al., 2017). A sound design is essential for proper implementation and error prevention, as medicals ones are replaced by technical glitches. CPOE Used to Design CDSS A typical CPOE system will be employed for CDSS integration. Its interface will include a patient’s chart, an order list, which allows one to plan tasks, follow their progress, and see the results, and a trend tab showing one’s clinical data and important developments. The system will enable a healthcare employee to place orders, connecting to pharmacies. Direct input will be supported, meaning that it is possible to correct the existing data or add new entries without a third party. Lastly, a mobile version will be available for emergency cases and those preferring to work there. Proposed CDSS The CDSS will provide clinical information, patient data, and other relevant knowledge for a particular case. It will be connected to a database, matching an initial profile with the general hub, and offer suggestions, assessments, and interventions, including medicine (Bezemer et al., 2019). Based on the provided information, a clinician will be able to make balanced decisions (Zikos & DeLellis, 2018). Such convenience is achieved by combining and reusing data and imputing new feedback through the CPOE system, which is relevant for follow-up visits with additional tests (Zikos & DeLellis, 2018). Still, one is expected to apply critical thinking to carefully analyze the information and select the right approach (Zikos & DeLellis, 2018). The system will implement essential guidelines and offer various forms, including reminders (Zikos & DeLellis, 2018). They can be used to suggest cheaper drug alternatives and notify employees of important clinical events for a patient, prompting the staff to contact them in emergencies (Zikos & DeLellis, 2018). Overall, the CDSS will address multiple goals, one of which is connected with e-prescription. Proposed CDSS Links for a Specific Medication Non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are gaining traction in stroke treatment due to having fewer side effects. However, the CDSS may not suggest them due to the database being flawed. Thus, a clinician should manually add rivaroxaban through the CPOE system and place an order on it. The process is especially important if the side effects of more traditional medications, for example, warfarin, put a
Theory of constraints is an approach to continuous improvement, increasing throughput, reducing operating expenses and inventory which is characterized by a five-step procedure:  1. identifying constraints,  2. employing the binding constraints,  3. overwhelming everything else to the decisions made in the second step,  4. raising capacity of the binding constraints, and  5. repeating the scenario when new binding constraints are identified. Thus the management can identify the limitations of the work force and restrictions to maximize the throughput as well as minimizing the inventories and operating costs. Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt (1984) mentions the theory as a management philosophy in his book titled ‘The Goal’. The Author terms that the theory’s construction is in such a way to achieve the targets of profits by the organization. The title of the theory itself reflects the features of a manageable system that achieves more profits with fewer constraints. The above aspect holds good as there will be at least one constraint in any organization or a system. The essence of theory of constraints is to spot the constraint to reform the organization. However, it can be done in the five focusing steps (Cox, Jeff; Goldratt, Eliyahu M. 1986). Constraints Coming to the definition of a constraint, it is any aspect that foils the system in its process of achieving its goal. As the theory is itself about constraints, it is important to devise a principle that show up constraints. However, the theory mentions that there will not be tens or hundreds of constraints and if so, it is not a system or organization. Hence, though not explicitly stated, minimizing the constraints is necessary to make an organization a system. Considering the most important aspect, equipment of an or
Six Sigma is a method for quality improvement that focuses on the reduction in the number of defects. This is not a one-time initiative; rather it is a continuous process that achieves ongoing improvement in the operations of the organization. The objective of six sigma is to minimize any variation from the benchmarks and to attain perfection (Brue, 2002). Motorolla is the pioneer of the six sigma process and if this is used effectively it can provide the following benefits to the organization: Achieving Competitive Advantage In today’s business world, there is cutthroat competition amongst companies with every organization trying to get an edge over the other. However, there are few ways of doing so. Companies can either have a low-cost strategy whereby they compete on the basis of price. On the other hand, they can try to differentiate themselves on the basis of service or product variety. This is not easy and involves high costs. Nevertheless, companies can gain a competitive advantage by implementing the six sigma as this will increase organizational efficiency and improve the overall performance (Adams, 2003). This is imperative for any company because eventually the faster, more efficient companies will eventually take over the smaller companies. Motorola, General Electronics, Bank of America and Caterpillar, and Allied Signal are all benefiting from the use of six sigma (Snee & Hoer, 2003). Lowers Cost Successful implementation of six sigma reduces the operational cost as it improves the quality. Six Sigma reduces the number of defects and this reduces the cost of production, for the greater the number of defects, the greater the cost and vice versa (Pyzdek, 2003). According to Quality Associates International, the number of defects results in additional expenses for the company that is called ‘cost of poor quality and this is a percentage of sales. If the number of defects is 233 per million, the cost of poor quality is 5-15% of sales but if the number of defects is 3.4 per million- the target of six sigma, the cost of poor quality becomes less than 1% of sales. This shows that six sigma will directly increase the net income. Improves Business Operations Six sigma is a continuous process that incorporates the latest business knowledge, updates the current business practices, takes feedback, and improves continu
Summary and analysis of chapter 9 of the text This is the second chapter in the text, which highlights the application of intercultural communication. Just as the topic states, this chapter explores the kind of relationship that comes out between popular culture and the concept of intercultural communication. The chapter begins by defining popular culture as a public forum, owing to its easy access to quite a big number of people, and also the way the trend has continuously applied in many parts of the world. More importantly, there is also an in-depth discussion of how the trend, which is said to have been overlooked by many people, is consumed differently in various parts of the world. The impacts of popular culture on the lives of people have also been outlined in the chapter. Popular culture is shown to be the basis through which other cultures are learned and observed. Whereby other countries are observed to produce significant levels of popular culture, America is still the global leader in the production of popular culture. Summary and analysis of chapter 7 of the text This chapter is about ‘Nonverbal Codes and Cultural Space’ and it examines intercultural communication through the context of nonverbal communication. This chapter highlights the major relationship between the main forms of communication: verbal and nonverbal communication codes of communication, and how the two are applied in our daily lives, to convey information between parties. As it is clear in this chapter, one of the ways by which the two differ from each other is that; nonverbal communication which includes the use of facial expressions, gestures, and proxemics among other codes, is more unconscious and oftentimes, it is learned implicitly compared to the verbal way of communication. More importantly, the chapter offers a concise overview of how cross-cultural differences can be observed through the various codes of nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication differs from verbal communication in many ways and for that reason; it can substitute, reinforce, and/or contradict it. According to various studies, the universality of this context of communication would include cross-cultural studies, primate behavior comparison, the behavior of children having hearing/sight problems, and the search for universal social needs that are filled by behaviors associated with nonverbal communication. It is also clear from this chapter that, cultural differences observed in nonverbal behaviors can result in overt discrimination and stereotyping among people. Cultural space and cultural identity are also observed in this chapter, as crucial aspects of life which are likely to infl
Introduction Current marketing strategy is highly based on social networking websites or social forums in websites, since the sites have a number of benefits for due to high levels of online social-Interaction. Online marketing has been in use over the time but current trends show that companies are ready to diversify and invest in marketing through social sites or include some form of social interaction on their websites. The strategy encourages site visits and promotes sales (O’Guinn et al, 2008). Technical Communication In addition, a contemporary marketing strategy focuses on amount of sales as unit for measuring performance. The strategy is preferred due to huge number of the websites users and the high number of transactions that social network marketing generates. The capacity and effectiveness are both attributable to social interactions and discussions regarding services or goods offered (Plummer et al, 2007). Challenges of Social-Network Marketing Social networks form of marketing faces a huge challenge concerning information security. As technology advances, people are finding ambiguities that compromise patent laws such as the ability to hack business information. The risk involving consumer identity also incarcerates freedom of potential users. Current marketing strategies are thus based upon virtual or online social networks. However, the security threats are making clients to become keener in clarifying the viability of a site before venturing into interactions or online transactions. These security risks are mainly showing more aggression in vibrant social sites such as Hi5, MySpace, twitter, Face-book especially due to their links to various emails servers or the personal information that each user must submit before commencement of interaction sessions. Socialization is also promoting formation of effective business alliances. This is quite a huge challenge since businesses need to enhance the right security measure that caters for Information safety. The recent security attack on giant web-based companies, Google and Yahoo in China, is a clear indication that this form of marketing requires major investments on security measures. People fear loss of personal integrity due to compromised data such as use of personal information by fraudsters for malicious acts (Wimmer and Dominick, 2005). The hefty investments by public and private sectors in the implementation of infrastructure especially in developing countries point outs that there is vigorous competition among firms in getting message, goods or services across the borders. The social marketing sites are also being quantified and regulated to ensure information security and provision of legal framework in cases of rights violations. Costs and benefits of marketing through social networks There is a lot of enthusiasm among the internet users especially the youth created by social networks or the concepts of social networking in v
Introduction The rapid rate of globalization has come in hand with many challenges for most companies such that they have to fight their way so as to cope with the highly competitive and changing world. Among the challenging sectors in any organisation is the human resource. Most employers in a bid to evade these challenges have resulted to automation of their systems so as to completely do away with the human resource. However, because of the fact that it is not possible to replace all human operations, human beings still become an important part of the company. This paper is an analysis of the process of selecting and recruiting by the Standard Life Company. The Human Resource Strategies applied by Standard Life in its practices Each and every organisation is required to strategize its human resource section so as to ensure sustainability of the entire organization (Adiele, 2009, p.1). The organizations are therefore required to set plans on how to ensure the achievement of the six main strategic themes which include;   * Attracting and recruiting   * Engagement of staff   * Reward and Recognition   * Learning and development   * Leadership and management development   * Management of performance In all the aforementioned strategic themes the organisation is aimed at maximising the potential and talents of the staff (Adiele, 2009, p.1). The Standard Life Company is no exception as it is trying to apply the above strategic themes in its selection and recruitment procedures. Attracting and Recruiting To begin with is the fact that Standard Life is recognised globally for its excellence in the human resource operations. This makes many job-seekers want to be associated with such a company hence attracted to it (Hardy, 2002, p.1). In addition to this, as way of encouraging recruits, the company staffs move to various leading universities and other education institutions in a bid to distribute leaflets, brochures and application forms that the willing applicants will use to get more information about the company as well as make applications. Engagement of Staff Engaging staff is some of the operations and decisions of an organisation is another important human resource strategy (Graziano and Woehr, 2001, p.20). In Standard Life Company, this is achieved when the potential recruits share a luncheon with the company directors and managers. This is done to see if they are in a position to handle the situation and the small talk which in turn depicts the individuals’ ability to communicate and relate with others. Reward and Recognition It is important that all organisations recognise and reward their human resources once they have done recommendable work. This could take the form of salaries, bonuses and promotions just to mention but a few (Hardy, 2002, p.1). In a bid to apply this human resource strategy, Standard Life Company offers the successful recruits a package of £ 10, 000. It also achieves recognition by ensuring that there transparency and fairness in the recruitment process by incorporating a recruitment consultants to perform the exercise he
Introduction Since the turn of the century, technology has changed the manner of doing business across the world. This has led to the emergence of e-business, which entails the process of buying or selling goods over the Internet through online platforms. Some of the notable technologies applied in e-business include electronic money transfer, Internet marketing, mobile commerce, inventory management systems, and electronic data interchange, among others (Mazzanti 17). Contemporary e-business uses the World Wide Web in all its transactions, although certain elements of the transaction life cycle can be executed using alternative technologies such as e-mail. In the recent past, a steady increase in the number of e-businesses with operations across the world has been witnessed. Amazon is a good example of an e-business that has experienced tremendous growth in the recent past. It mainly deals with the purchase of online books, which is one of the major e-commerce transactions made by a big percentage of people that seek online goods and services. Studies have shown that the dynamics of e-business keep changing as technology keeps evolving in a bid to meet the emerging needs (Mazzanti 24). A lot is expected with regard to the unfulfilled potential of e-business and the anticipated challenges owing to the fact that technology is increasingly becoming affordable to everyone in the market that is characterized by a high degree of competition. Discussion One of the biggest challenges that business people and innovators in the contemporary world have to deal with is establishing the future of e-business. This phenomenon is necessitated by the numerous avenues and opportunities it has created over the years. In addition, its potential is expected to grow tremendously as the uptake of technology across the world continues to increase. Experts argue that e-business has broken several competitive barriers that had slowed down the ease of access to products from various parts of the world (Baumann-Pauly and Nolan 123). This observable fact has also resulted in increased connectivity between businesses, thus making it possible for customers across different market segments to access a variety of products. Experts argue that there is a high possibility that in the next couple of decades, e-business will have overtaken the traditional ways of conducting business due to the huge potential of technology that is yet to be exploited (Shailja and Sinha 211). In the past, technology has proven to have its own pitfalls that can easily compromise the ability of businesses offering e-commerce services to fulfill their potential. Projections by technology experts indicate that the potential future challenges of e-business will mainly revolve around issues relating to intellectual property, security, and regulatory measures (Mazzanti 64). In addition, it is expected that as time goes by, e-business will develop into a way of
In the narrative we get to see how things unfolded from her side. We get a first person’s account of the events that occurred during the captivity and the restoration of Mrs Mary Rowlandson by the Nipmuc Native Americans during King Philip’s war. The narrative describes how Mary and her small community were attacked by native Indians who were looking for supplies. These people attacked the village where Mary and her people lived and killed most of them taking away a couple of others. The narrative is a very good source of information on the culture and the ways of living of the Native American communities. From the narrative we get to learn a lot about both the Native Americans and the Europeans settlers who arrived in the new land. The narrative also did a good job in describing Mary’s community and their beliefs. Though the narrative is biased against the Native American communities, it does a good job in giving a critical insight into the lives of the Native Americans. The narrative reflects Rowlandson’s culture as a conservative Christian culture. They were all strict Christians who believed so much in God. This is seen where she keeps on referring to God in everything that happens to her. When the Native Americans attacked her village she was hoping that God would keep them safe and protect them from the Indians. Rowlandson and her community were very religious people. Even during the tough times Mary said that it was God’s will. They suffered a lot and lost their family, their friends and their property and in all this Mary said that it was all given by the lord and therefore the lord has taken back what he gave them. This can also be seen as being religious fanatic to some extent. Mary also uses a lot of bible verses. In the narrative she references a lot of verses from the bible while trying to explain her situation. She uses this verses to encourage herself, to justify things that happens and to console herself too. From the narrative we can also learn a lot about the culture of the Native American people. The narrative provides a good picture of the daily practices, their religion and other things. The Native Americans were involved in slave trading as seen in the narrative. After attacking Rowlandson’s village they took with them some captives. These people all went to different people and were the property of different masters. They were then exchanged for other goods. (Vaca 1528-1536) From the narrative we can also conclude that the Native Americans were religious. Mary Rowlandson describes the practices that these people did which were religious. For example after the successful attack on the village they danced and sang around fire. This was a way of appeasing their god for the success. They were also very merry people. They sang and danced a lot. When they had had a bumper harvest and even when they had worn a battle against the Europeans. They rejoiced a lot. Their staple food was maize, beans and squash. This diet was supplemented by the game that they hunted in the forests and the fish from the