ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Objectives The Department of Corrections has many challenges and uncertainties. There are more uncertainties in this department because the job done each day is highly influenced by external factors. This makes it difficult for workers in this department to predict the number of inmates who will come in or the number that will be received. It is difficult to even plan for the day-to-day work in the Department of Corrections. As professionals of this department report to work on a daily basis, they never have an idea of what is going to happen. It is, therefore, important to implement an information technology system to improve the level and efficiency of services. This will have a positive impact on all the departments’ stakeholders. An information technology system will help stakeholders achieve their objectives. It is important to note that the overall objective of the Department of Corrections is to ensure a peaceful and safe society. This is done through enforcing court sentences, ensuring that prisoners are held in safe custody where their human dignity is observed and respected, and ensuring that the social responsibility of the inmates is developed. In addition, the Department of Corrections ensures that all inmates are developed in relation to their community corrections. Objectives of the departmental stakeholders should also be achieved in the process of achieving the general objectives of the department. Among the stakeholders in the department include police agencies, employees in the department, court persons, inmates, as well as the government itself (Pearlson & Saunders, 2013). In this case, Robin was responsible for ensuring that the information system to be implemented met all the needs and expectations of the stakeholders. Among the objectives was ensuring that a proper register of inmates was maintained. This was a major objective that would be beneficial to the departmental workers. For instance, Donna the Head of state Department of Corrections had worked there for a long period and she had experienced stories of inmates who had been released before their time due to a poor register of inmates. The major reason for these early releases was computer errors. This means that those involved in maintaining the register had hard times due to the poor systems that led to poor registers. Upgrading the information systems to maintain a proper register would also be beneficial to the court, police agencies, government, and employees in general (Pearlson & Saunders, 2013). Court sentences are given based on the severity of crime committed. A sentence is aimed at ensuring that the inmate reforms within the given period and the society is kept safe from criminals. The court’s objective might not be achieved if inmates
Project culture The construction of Terminal 5 at Heathrow International Airport is one of the major projects that were undertaken by the UK government through the British Airport Authority [BAA] to decongest the Heathrow Airport. The project was relatively complex because of different majors and sub-projects that had to be established in the construction process. The building development was composed of 140 mini-developments and 16 chief developments. The terminal was expected to connect the already established terminals at Heathrow Airport (Davies, Gann & Douglas 2009). By constructing Terminal 5, the UK government intended to generate additional revenue by increasing operational efficiency while at the same time promoting the airport’s public image and status. The attainment of the above objectives depended on the effectiveness and efficiency with which the project met the set timeline, safety standards, and budget. In its pursuit to achieve the intended goal, the British Airport Authority appreciated the importance of integrating an effective project culture. Bredilett, Yatim, and Ruiz (2010) affirm that a project culture entails the values, attitudes, and practices that are adopted by an organization in the course of implementing different projects. Loosemore (2012) says that a project culture entails the enterprise-wide belief systems that are incorporated in the course of undertaking a particular project to attain the desired outcome. The British Airport Authority adopted effective project cultural practices during delivering T5. Some of the core aspects that BAA integrated to develop a project-oriented culture include risk management, value and change management, cost management, project control, consultancy, and benchmarking (Rodrigues & Sbragia 2013). The BAA appreciated the fact that a risk cannot be ruled out in the course of implementing the project. The occurrence of a risk might adversely affect the attainment of the desired project outcome. However, an effective applicat
Blonde Roasted Light Coffee For many years, Starbucks spent its time brewing black coffee to its consumers. The company promoted dark roasted coffee with rich and highly caffeinated taste than other coffee varieties found in retail stores, which consumers had become accustomed. The company has been promoting black coffee for many years, but a significant number of “coffee consumers (nearly 40 percent) insisted that they preferred lightly roasted coffee” (Satran 1). Starbucks noted that most of these coffee consumers were coffee connoisseurs who had experiences with coffee for many years. This implies that this segment of coffee consumers consisted of opinion leaders, who could possibly influence other coffee consumers. They also held the view that dark roasted coffee lost its flavor during roasting (Satran 1). The company hoped that by introducing its Blonde Roast, it would gain a significant market share with a potential of over one billion USD in revenues (Satran 1). When Starbucks introduced the Blonde Roast coffee, it was targeting a segment of coffee consumers who did not prefer dark roasted coffee. Berfield noted that Starbucks executives believed that there were “more than 40 percent of coffee drinkers in the US, or some 54 million potential customers, who preferred a mild roast coffee” (Berfield 1). The company believed that this segment of coffee consumers did not prefer the original black roasted coffee of Starbucks. Obviously, this was a strategy to fight for the market share and increase competition for customers, who took their light roasted coffee at Dunkin’ Donuts and McDonald’s. Starbucks has promoted its new Blonde Roast coffee through various ways. First, the company encouraged coffee consumers to taste its Blonde Roast coffee by “offering free samples in several venues for a limited time” (Satran 1). This free offer consisted of the new Vanilla Blonde Roast coffee too. Second, Starbucks used social media, Facebook to promote its new brand. It offered, a free “tall cups of Blonde and Vanilla Blonde coffee via a new Facebook app for the purchase of eGifts” (Satran 1). Customers had to sign up for the app and get an electronic coupon, which they would then redeem for a free cup of the new Blonde Coffee. Finally, the company opened strategic pop-up stores in “Boston, New York, Washington D.C., Philadelphia, Chicago, and Dallas that offered free cups of Blonde and Vanilla Blonde coffee, together with coupons for a dollar of packaged beans of the two varieties” (Satran 1). A Price Premium Coffee Shop Starbucks continues to dominate the retail coffee business with relatively premium prices yet its coffee products are
Introduction In the contemporary world, cultural differences are hastily fading due to the effects of globalisation. The world is becoming one large global village where people are interconnected due to innovations like the information technology and improved transport networks. Businesses and large organisations have been in the forefront in expanding their operations outside their countries of origin as countries open their borders for foreign investments. This move has convened people of different cultures into a common environment where they adopt new cultural practices, which are termed as homogenised cultures. Globalised consumer culture, which refers to consumption of international standardised goods and services in different consumer products and services such as supermarkets, tourism, and food products, has contributed greatly to the homogenisation of culture (Croucher 2004). However, the erosion of cultural differences has caused loss of cultural heritages by some communities around the world, where some groups are in favour of leading others due to political powers. Globalisation Globalisation is defined as international standardisation of economic, social, and political ideas. This paper looks into globalisation via cultural perspective whereby the mobility of people in the contemporary world has facilitated the understanding of new cultures and identities in a globalised world. In the twentieth century, globalisation was viewed only via economic perspective, but today scholars are quick to look at it through humanistic approach and its impacts on culture. The advancement of technological development in the modern world has played a major role in allowing a large population to travel easily and quickly across various parts of the world for various reasons. Despite humans being mobile creatures, psychologists define humans as social beings, and hence they interact with other people all the time at different places of the world. Through these interactions with different people belonging to diverse cultures, there is often flow of new ideas, concepts, and ideologies, which play a major role in behavioural and cultural changes (Bauman 1998). Globalisation can also be achieved via other means despite travelling and meeting with people of diverse cultures. In the modern educational system, students are taught newly developed ideas that change their lifestyles in the concept of being learned and well exposed. Hence, education system introduces new ideas to the society and it has an effective influence on society. The major difference between the education system and travelling is that the education system introduces ideas whereas travelling and meeting with new people from different cultures gives one the experience of ideas and ways of life (Baud & Ypeij 2009). The concept of globalisation is believed to have started during the era of earliest anthropologists, who took the initiative of exploring the world and found out that the people they met were affected by changes they had brought to their land. Trying to address the issues of controversy concerning the generally accepted meanings of globalisation, the controversial de
Introduction In the context of constant health challenges, every healthcare worker must guarantee the population quality medical assistance, as well as an empathic approach. Respect for life, dignity and human rights is a fundamental tenet of the philosophy of nursing. The nurse acts both independently and in collaboration with other health care professionals to meet the health needs of the community and individual patients. Nursing has no restrictions on race, age, gender, political or religious beliefs, or social status. However, one of the most severe issues professional nurses experience during their work is the incivility brought out by the patients and their families. Insulting the honor and dignity of medical professionals is the most common offense committed by patients. Cases of aggression directed at nurses and doctors during the performance of their professional duties are a serious public health problem. This aggression may manifest in many different forms, from verbal abuse and violent indignation with irritation and anger, up to sexual harassment and physical actions causing harm to people and objects. Incivility’s Impact on Individual Nurses’ Abilities The mid-level medical staff, such as nurses, usually has direct contact with the patients for a long time, therefore, they experience most of the positive and negative effects of patient-nurse communication. One of the main nurse’s tasks is to create a comfortable atmosphere that would help the patient to heal better by establishing a trustworthy and respectful relationship with them. However, this task might become complicated when a patient expresses uncivil behavior or even aggression towards the nurse. The health care workers who have to endure years of emotionally intense work show high levels of anxiety, as well as a tendency to depression. These conditions are often accompanied by the use of various sedatives, drugs, and alcohol abuse, which only contributes to the further destabilization of the patient-nurse relationship due to the nurse’s improper mental state. Armstrong (2018) claims that “nurses have reported workplace incivility to have caused distractions and emotional upset, to the point that it has put patients at risk” (p. 403). The phenomenon of emotional burnout might also occur if the conflict between the patient and the nurse is too severe and takes on a form of a legal court case due to a variety of reasons. Issues That Might Occur due to the Clinical Site Incivility Incivility in the workplace holds, perhaps, the greatest influence on work performance for the health care industry specifically. The physical consequences of it for the nurses are quite unpleasant: increased fatigue, anxiety, and even premature mortality are among the most common problems. Higher levels of stress caused by uncivil behavior towards nurses potentially bring out an inability to concentrate on work, as well as difficulty in making decisions. Thus, a decreased nursing performance enhance
In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story “Young Goodman Brown ” , the author uses various symbols that offer additional implicit information about other characters. For example, the older man accompanying Brown in his dark adventure holds a staff that reminds the main character of a snake (Hawthorne, 2012). The staff foreshadows the fellow traveler’s true dark identity and later turns into an actual serpent. One of the most significant symbols used in the story that reoccurs throughout the narrative and becomes apparent to the reader only closer to the end is the characters’ names. Both main characters are introduced at the beginning of the story, but symbolism covers the true meaning of their names. The name Goodman Brown and his age represent the innocent and curious nature of people who are yet to discover the dark and deceiving things in life. The main character’s wife’s name, Faith, appears fitting to the setting of the world and does not appear suspicious or symbolical to the reader at the beginning. However, when the symbolism of her name being Faith and her character representing the main character’s religious faith becomes clear, the reader becomes familiar with why Brown was afraid to leave Faith for the journey. The story’s plot describes how Goodman Brown loses his faith in religion, and as a result, he becomes alienated from his wife, Faith. The symbolism in “Young Goodman Brown ” helps the author create the deeper meaning of the story being an allusion to an individual’s relations with his religious beliefs and emphasizes the fragile state of those relations.
The global technological advancement and the overall development in the field of economics and management impose new benchmarks for enterprise administration. The ability to predict possible outcomes of the particular activities in manufacture or management presents an opportunity for successful performance and an increase in competitiveness with other achievement-oriented enterprises. Assets are regarded as one of the essential elements underlying the productivity of an organization. That is why it is essential to implement new progressive approaches to maintenance in an organization to guarantee its asset sustainability. However, the current scope of studies aimed at the investigation of the practical methods of the maintenance needs more in-depth research. On the contrary to the preventive approach, the proactive maintenance has a great potential to positively affect asset sustainability improving its durability. Background The literature overview of the scientific studies on the topic allows creating a substantial theoretical background for further investigation. The application of sustainability to the corporate management was introduced to the economic sector upon the introduction of new concepts and trends in this field. The definition of sustainability suggests that it is a “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs” (Iung & Levrat, 2014, p. 15). According to sustainable manufacturing, any company is obliged not only to conduct activities aimed at the elimination of existing drawbacks but also employ a particular technique to prevent the emergence of any problems (Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek, 2013). Thus, it is essential to keep all the processes in a company under control. To achieve such control over the organization’s performance, “maintenance should be considered long-term strategic planning integrating all stages of a product lifecycle” (Stuchly & Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek, 2014, p. 274). Asset sustainability improvement is only possible when applied with a complex system of changes on different organizational levels, including production and management (Stuchly & Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek, 2014). Such a strategy is implemented within the framework of proactive maintenance. When reactive maintenance addresses scheduled check-ups and fixing, proactive maintenance employs a more structured approach. It embraces a set of policies, strategies, and procedures that allow critically analyzing the manufacturing and organizational processes, ”
Oral narratives have been used by authors to provide accounts of historical stories in historical contexts. The assigned reading demonstrates one such account on Mansa Musa, the ancient king of Mali, provided by Al-Maqrizi. The narrative revolves around the king’s pilgrimage to Mecca and is also intended to demonstrate his influence during that time. Indeed, the narrative offers a clear exploration of medieval African history which could not be recorded in any other way due to lack of knowledge. The reading basically presents an oral narrative on how Mansa Musa arrived in Egypt in 724/1324 with expensive gifts and numerous slave girls, how he was warmly received by Sultan of Egypt, and how he visited Mecca as a sign of obedience to God. The narrative demonstrates the vast resources that were at the disposal of Mansa Musa and the respect he was accorded by the Sultan due to his status. Additionally, the narrative underscores how Mansa Musa made the pilgrimage to Mecca as well as the aesthetic underpinnings of the journey. Such narratives can be used by students of history to understand Black history. Although the Mansa Musa pilgrimage to Mecca may have been reported in some ancient Arab sources, such oral stories as narrated by Al-Maqrizi provide an aesthetic appeal to historical accounts and endure the test of time due to their entertaining nature. Indeed, from the historical account, readers are able to understand the religious inclinations of Mansa Musa, his love for majestic treatment, as well as his irrational spending habits. Without such narratives presented as accounts of historical deeds, it would have been difficult for students to develop an understanding of medieval historical experiences. However, it is evident that the narrative has been presented aesthetically and some analysts may even question its scientific underpinnings in historical research. Indeed, if the historical account presented by Al-Maqrizi was to be critiqued, there is every possibility to suggest that it does not pass the tenets of historical research as it appears to be nourishing an illusion rather than contributing to knowledge of the subject. Nonetheless, in spite of these shortcomings and deficits in knowledge, it is better the understand the historical de
Introduction The World War II began in the late summer of 1940 and ended in 1945 in what has since been referred to as the historic Battle of Britain. The war was characterized by bombings over England and Scotland, thousands of human deaths and injuries and massive destruction of cities and towns across Britain. Melyndra 1999 narrates a story as given by May Brockway in which the latter survived the Claydebank bombing where in 1941 more than 2000 people were killed and uncountable number of buildings smashed in Scotland (Brokeway 1). Claydebank was a large burgh with a river port nine kilometres northwest of Glasgow but is now not only known as a destination for the Singer Sewing Machine factory but also one of the renown places for ship building. The luxury liners for Queens Mary and Elizabeth were built here in the 1930s. Claydebank was hence a major target by German bombers in early 1941. As one Ann Johnston further narrates, the war began like a boom with everything changing, lights switched off everywhere and bombings too close that almost all house windows were blown out. German spies were everywhere (Johnston 1). As a part time ambulance driver at port Greenock, she witnessed deliveries of serious casualties with broken or no limbs, arms, some confused and angry as they were brought to hospital at the port. As a war bride, she met her husband at the hospital as one of the injured patients. William Adelman recalls that when the war broke out the shooting and the bombing were so powerful, with the Germans on top of the mountain where no one could get them off. He remembers the moments they wrapped their dead colleagues and personal friends in blankets and staked them like corn (Adelman 5). Most of the cities in Italy except Rome were bombed out and destroyed. According to statistics from the Department of National Defence of Canada (34), majority of war brides married to Canadian soldiers were of British origin with an estimated 44,886 British wives having been married with 21,358 children born out of these marriages by end of December 1946. About 1,886 war brides were from Holland while an estimated 649 were Belgian. A big proportion of the wives about 80% and children at 85.5% were married and born by the army servicemen compared to those from the navy men at 2% and 1.4% respectively. Who are War brides? War brides were young women who got married to the Canadian soldiers during the World War II. They hailed from almost every country in Europe but most of them were British reason being that Canadians were the first ones to come to the defence of Britain after the war was declared. The story of the war brides is an interesting one bearing in mind that these women left behind everything that they were used to, their country, their families, education, good infras