ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The world of business is hostile and unpredictable and people often appear in situations of the contest, when the agreement should be achieved. The tendency now is to smoothing conflicts and reaching an agreement as soon as possible. Different strategies and tactics are used with the combination of some approaches, such as problem-solving, compromising, and yielding, which give better results in combination. Negotiations are one of the main techniques, according to which the agreement may be achieved. Conflict situation A branch manager and a staff member are in conflict over work hours. The branch manager expects all staff to work standard hours, beginning at 8:00 am so that the public will receive service starting first thing in the morning. Problem-solving Searching faults and affixing blaming is the technique, which businessmen used to provide recently, but the change of situation led to some shifts in problem-solving. Blaming one person is not the way out, and conflicts began to be considered from the other side: not who is the fault, but what to do to change that. The problem-solving technique has found its support and is used now as one of the main strategies of conflict decision (Collins & O’Rourke, 2008, p.25). From the above conflict situation, the problem-solving approach would seek to help the manager and the worker to cooperate for the greater good of everyone. Cooperation in this situation would allow the two parties to understand each other, to find an amicable solution to this situation. In this case, the manager would be called upon to appreciate the fact that the staff is indeed held up with the child responsibilities and thus allow the said staff to come at 9.00 a.m. The staff on the other hand shall be expected to work hard and make sure that the one hour lost is compensated. This can be done by reducing the lunch break period by half to be used for work. Compromising Providing the compromising strategy, the participants of the conflict by this action agree that they are unable to get maximum profit from the situation and they try to find the middle ground. The reason is that every participant gives a little and, as a result, gets a little. Compromising is one of the most common strategies, which is used in the business world, and it is often called “adequate for most occasions” (Lewicki & Hiam, 2006, p.160). In the event that compromising is used as the approach in this conflict situation, the manager shall be talked to by a colleague into accepting the fact that has to have the one-hour extension in the morning. By so doing, the manager shall accept the idea that having the staff at work as from 9.00 am is better than failing to come to work at all. Yielding Concession is one of the characteristic features of yielding. With particular reference to the above situation, yielding shall imply that the staffs agree to come to work at the stipulated time. In this case, the staff shall have to put the child’s interests second to the job and shall have to opt to enlist the services of a nanny to take care of the
Introduction The Renaissance, marked by the new wave of inquiries into human nature and the relationship between the earthy spiritual experiences and insights and the further position of the soul in the structure of the upper world. On the other hand, to hypothesize and expand the concept of Heaven, it was first necessary to create a general framework of life after death and specify such issues as admissions to the various parts of the afterworld and the possibility of enhancing the conditions of the spirit over time. Both Dante and Milton touched the issue of the afterworld, in particular, its section saturated with the Divine Inspiration or Paradise. The present paper renders a comparative analysis of the two works, gradually showing that both plots are organized as a “directed movement”, either catalyzed or accompanied by cognition and that authors in their depictions of the hierarchy of the other world take different perspectives: whereas Milton focuses precisely upon the spatial organization, Dante’s comprehensive creative account of Paradise implies both spatial and temporal frameworks. The plot structure Speaking about plot structure in the context of the present discussion, one should mean precisely the general tendency or the general direction the text reveals. It needs to be noted that both writers depict the inner dynamism and the main characters’ experiences in Paradise; moreover, it is possible also to argue that both plots have their vectors. The general direction of the “kinesis” in Dante’s rhymed work refers to ascension, or moving straightly upwards into increasingly more mysterious and blissful spheres, whereas Milton selects the opposite direction for “Paradise Lost” and depicts the fall of humankind from their “place of creation” to the earth, already exposed to sins and death by Satan’s sons: “Some natural tears they drop, but wiped them soon; The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest and Providence their guide: They, hand in hand, with wandering steps and slow, Through Eden took their solitary way” (Milton, Book, p. 12). Interestingly, both authors integrate a spot of contrast into the endings of their works: the “Paradise” is to some extent saddened at the end by the sudden separation of the protagonist from Beatrice in the Empyrean, who, as one knows, had already passed away by the time of the completion of his “Divine Comedy” (Wooten, p. 742). This drop of bitterness is also associated with the departure from Heaven, the archetypal residence of love, mercy, and absolution. On the other hand, Adam and Eve in Milton’s writing receive relief from Michael, who confirms that divine providence will accompany humanity in all their forthcoming adversities: “Persuasion in me grew That I was heard with favor; peace returned Home to my breast, and my memory His promise, that thy seed shall bruise our foe; Which, then not minded in dismay, yet now Assures me that the bitterness of death is past, and we
Configuration Management Configuration management activities are to be completed in the cycle nature. The product is going to be identified (the medium weight vehicles only in our case), then produced, stored, used and the final stage is change control. After this the process is to be repeated with the creation of a change request resulted in creation of a new product which is to be identified, produced and exported for usage. This process is to be repeated again and again as the slight of great changes in the product are necessary. The configuration management will be supported by one automated synchronizing mechanism helpful in storage of the items (Hass 2003). Independent Verification and Validation Independent verification and validation is going to be held at each stage of the product development. The process of configuration management is also going to be subjected to this procedure. The independent verification and validation is going to be held as “a process by which interested parties (who were involved in a model’s origins, development and implementation) can determine, with some level of confidence whether o not the model’s result can be used in decision making” (Robinson 2004, p. 221). The process of independent verification and validation is important for our affair as it helps consider the timeline and progress of the process of manufacturing. Documentation The documentation of the project is going to include the following items, project management plan, environmental management plan, project contractual document, and vehicle specifications. These documents are to be prepared in accordance with the norm and within a particular deadline to make sure that all the legal aspects of the manufacturing are followed. Document type                  Format standard                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Estimated page number  Peer review type Project Management Plan        The plan should consist of the
Abstract The prevalence of obesity in children is high in many developed and developing nations. This matter has raised concern due to the health risks that are associated with obesity such as heart diseases and other non-communicable infections in children and obese adults. The literature review provided suggests that the effects of obesity are increasingly felt in the developed nations. Many researchers attribute the development of obesity to the sedentary lifestyles that children encounter because of the ever-increasing technological innovations. Many studies have mainly used television viewing to investigate the relationship between technology and childhood obesity. However, this study shows the weaknesses to the use of this method in the effort of investigating the relationship between the use of motorized transport to school and childhood obesity. The results show a positive correlation. Introduction Obesity is increasingly becoming a problem for many developed and developing countries in the world. Childhood obesity is becoming very common in these nations. However, the developed nations are the worst hit by the crisis. Sedentary lifestyle has been considered the most important cause of childhood obesity. Studies are consistent with the causes of obesity during infancy. The condition has been associated with the development of other medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, and cancer (Tuomilehto, Lindstorm, Ericksson, Valle, Hamalainen, Ilanne-Parikka, Salminen, & Uusitupa, 2001). The effects of obesity on the economies of countries with high rates of the stoutness cases have been described in many studies. In the United States, for example, these effects include negative outcomes on public transfer programs such as social security, Medicaid, and Medicare (Goodman, Brand, & Ogilvie, 2012). This research investigates the effects of technology on childhood obesity. Technology is a rather broad field. In fact, many studies have investigated particular technology areas such as television watching among others and their relation to childhood obesity. Therefore, this study will focus on the use of motorized transport to learning institutions and the effects that this mode has on the childhood BMI. Literature Review The relationship between technology and childhood obesity has been the subject of several studies. These studies have examined special aspects of technology such as the media, television, social sites, and computer games and their effects on childhood obesity. Some of the researchers who investigated the relationship between technology and obesity include Darius Lakdawalla and Thomas Philipson (2009). These researchers used special techniques to investigate the relationship. They stated that the daily activities of individual
Introduction Problem solving is a process that people go through to determine, analyze and solve problems. Problem solving requires some creative, analytical, and mental skills in order to solve a problem. Logical or analytical thinking skills include, comparing, ordering, selecting and evaluating which provide an agenda for problem solving that helps to decide on the best alternative solution, identify the problem, gather formation, choose the cause and identify the best possible solutions for implementation and finally review. Group Work At the beginning of the new semester, the lecturer gave us a topic to discuss on drugs affecting the youth. The assignment was to be submitted by a certain deadline and the best one was to take a price. No student had an idea on how to go about it. I came up with an idea of forming a group to discuss the issue that is the problems that affect youth who are using drugs. Each member in our group gave various ideas and solutions on the matter, what is more, each point was carefully written down. Some of the ideas such as punishing the victim involved in drugs or jailing th
Slavery has been one of the most problematic aspects of the history of humankind. Slavery developed as European trading and marine settlements which required additional labor in the American colonies (Harris, 2018). Settlers comprised enslaved people from Native Americans and forcibly brought Africans, using slave labor in every part of the economy, from sugar production to harvesting and exploration of raw materials (Harris, 2018). The practice of slavery in British North America can be characterized by how colonists regarded enslaved people. As slavery gradually spread across America, each area had distinctions. For instance, Jamestown in Virginia became the first permanent British settlement through which enslaved Africans were brought to North America (Harris, 2018). Similar to Jamestown, other port cities practiced slavery primarily by connecting the international slave trade with rural and urban slave markets (Harris, 2018). Slavery practices were perceived to extend in Boston, which is believed to be the first place where someone tried to force enslaved people to have children to earn money (Harris, 2018). Later, Massachusetts enacted the first law of slavery in British North America (Harris, 2018). While the practice of slavery was developing throughout America, the labor roles did not vary much (Harris, 2018). Colonists used enslaved people as domestic labor or to farm and produce trade goods (Harris, 2018). Colonial regions captured people to force them to work, but slavery practices seem to differ depending on how settlers viewed enslaved people, whether for trade, profit, or as legitimized property. Although slavery used to be a significant source of labor in colonial America, indentured servants were also prevalent. Enslaved people consisted of Native Americans or Africans, with the latter brought to America against their will (Harris, 2018). However, indentured servants made individual choices to migrate, looking for economic opportunities and hoping to live better overseas (Delao, 2021). The servants often worked cultivating tobacco and building the economy, with indentured servitude influencing culture and society in North America (Delao, 2021). Colonial regions had varying labor, but some were forced to work while others did so voluntarily. To summarize, the practice of slavery was characterized by capturing people and considering them as a workforce. Regions often viewed enslaved people as goods for trading or means to make money but failed to regard them as human beings. However, labor was represented not solely by enslaved people but also by indentured servants who willingly arrived in colonial America seeking jobs to improve their lives.
Background/Introduction In the light of the popular social movement #MeToo around the world, there has been significantly greater transparency surrounding the acts of sexual harassment and sexual violence against women by men. In 2017, the Crime Survey for England and Wales estimated that 20% of women experience sexual assault since the age of 16, with 3.1% of women (510,000) experiencing it annually. Meanwhile, only 15% of incidents of sexual violence are reported despite 90% of victims knowing the perpetrator personally (Rape Crisis, 2020). Therefore, evidence points to the prevalence of the crime but due to underreporting and other factors, perpetrators are not always punished, and it is necessary to investigate the causes behind sexual violence, which primarily occurs by men assaulting a womanю Sexual violence can be defined as an unwanted sexual act or activity from one person to another, ranging from rape and sexual assault to abuse, sexual exploitation, trafficking, forced marriage, and even genital mutilation. Sexual violence can be perpetrated by anyone, both men and women, strangers and familiar, but statistics indicate that men, particularly those whom the victim personally knows, are more likely to commit the crime (World Health Organization, n.d.). It has been long established that sexual violence goes beyond sexual gratification itself, but is a result of unequal power equations, real and perceived between men and women. Cultural factors and values play an important role, as well as socio-centric and ego-centric cultures, present different roles and representations between genders and attitudes toward sexuality (Kaira and Bhugra, 2013). Furthermore, sexual offenders most often suffer from a compromised capacity to empathize with victims, viewing women as objects rather than humans and reflecting a deeply disturbing psychological crisis (emotional neglect, childhood abuse, or even sexual violence as well) unto the criminal act as a method of establishing control and power (Greif, 2018). This paper will include discussions regarding elements of gender roles and relations, social class, and behavioral psychology that are inherent to the perpetration of sexual violence by men. Literature review Literature on the topic is diverse, encompassing a variety of potential motivations ranging from biological to cognitive and social stimuli. Toates, Smid, and den Berg (2017) present an incentive-motivation model to sexual violence which suggests examining the biopsychological processes to normal behavior. They argue that sexual violence arises as a combination between sexual motivation, sensation seeking, and some level of dominance/aggression motivations. The excitatory part of the motivation is rooted in brain dopamine levels, and sexually violent behavior occurs when excitation overpowers inhibition. The model states that motivation can be aroused by incentive stimuli, the triggering capacity of which is controlled by the internal state. Seto (2017
Introduction Democratization is a concept that has been studied widely by many political analysts, economists, and historians. In countries that have become partly or fully democratized, a significant number of upheavals have been recorded thus redefining their historical developments. The selected country for this comparative essay is Kenya. The nation is, without doubt, one of the African republics that have realized some fruits of democratization. In 2003, Kenyans overwhelmingly participated in a historic general election to overthrow an authoritarian regime that had remained in power for four decades (Crawford and Lynch 48). Specifically, this paper seeks to compare the pre-democracy and post-democracy periods in order to understand Kenya’s political gains. Comparing and Contrasting the Pre-Democracy Period With the Post-Democracy Period Pre-Democracy Period The path towards democratization in Kenya cannot be clearly understood without analyzing the country’s historical developments. To begin with, Kenya was colonized by Britain whose legal institutions and political foundations framed specific political ideologies (Anders and Zenkel 21). The colonial government failed to establish a nation characterized by meaningful ideals, laws, and ideas that could serve the interests of the people. Political analysts argue that the concept of capitalism led to devastating impacts on the country. Unfortunately, leaders who took over after independence did not address the issues emerging from peripheral capitalism (Crawford and Lynch 62). The first president of Kenya, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, presented notions of unity, peace, and love using his famous Harambee Philosophy. Crawford and Lynch go further to indicate that such populist concepts were mainly aimed at sugarcoating political insensitiveness and demagoguery (72). The leaders used inappropriate strategies to manage resources and establish new identities. Basically, the social interests and rights of the people were mostly taken for granted (Khaunya et al. 28). The established regime came up with various social strategies incapable of promoting development and cohesion. Effective initiatives could have fostered economic prosperity in Kenya. Kenyatta’s successor, Daniel Moi, did not do much to leave the country better or transform the lives of the people. He polarized the country further and disoriented its political fabric. The independent nation found it hard to deal with most of its challenges such as ethnicity, economic imbalance, and vulnerability to international pressure (Anders and Zenkel 12). Most of the authoritarian propensities promoted by the colonialists were propagated even further by these leaders. The first four decades after independence in Kenya were defined by authoritarianism. This leadership approach resulted in uneven development, intolerance, increased ethnic tensions, and political inadequacies. Consequently, the idea of democracy imagined by freedom fighters during the colonial period lost meaning after independence. Pre
Gone with the Wind is a captivating love story that is set in the civil war era in America, which is a re-enactment of a literal work by the same name. It is based on a novel by Margaret Mitchell, which was transformed into a block buster movie in the World War II epoch, courtesy of Selznick’s meticulous interpretation and impeccable casting. Incidentally, Selznick managed to turn the slightly over one thousand page novel, into a two hundred minute delightful epic film, that has hitherto been tirelessly watched by various audiences, over myriad times all over the world. The movie revolves around scarlet O’Hara, who is the daughter of a mogul by the name of Gerald O’Hara, the custodian of cotton plantation. Scarlet is depicted to be in a clandestine relationship with Ashley Wilkes, who is also a plantation owner in the same area, but the affair is complicated by virtue of Ashley being in a formal relationship with Melanie. The events take place at Twelve Oaks, which is the name of the plantation where the engagement of Ashley to Melanie is to be announced, during a party at the Wilkes residence. Seemingly, during the party a gentleman by the name of Rhett Butler, notices Scarlet and is smitten with her but is perceived to be impulsive by everyone, due to his controversial stand on the war. As everyone takes an afternoon nap after the partying, Scarlet secretly meets Ashley in the library but their intimate conversation is overheard by Rhett, but he promises Scarlet to keep their affair a secret. In the course of their conversation, the start of the war is announced and all the men enlist for the war, including Charles who is Ashley’s brother. Charles proposes to Scarlett despite Scarlett not loving him before he goes out to war, but dies of pneumonia in the battle field. Rhett eventually makes attempts to win Scarlet’s heart but fails, especially after Melanie’s death and her wish of Scarlet to take care of Ashley. Open house is a horror mo