ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In a modern world, it may be hard to imagine one’s life without music since most people can easily access it using their smartphones. As music has become an inseparable part of people’s lives these days, it may be difficult to determine its exact usage, whether it is simply for leisure, making a statement, educational purposes, or something else. Therefore, research needs to be done to analyze the use of music in different cultures to see what it brings to society. Firstly, one should look at the use of music in traditional Native American cultures. Native Americans are identified by their tribal affiliations, and their music can be represented by American Indian culture (Pyrillis, 2021). Native American artists are known to “embrace their identities through their music” (Pyrillis, 2021, p. 30). The composers from these cultures can be seen as role models with their music used to unite people (Pyrillis, 2021). For example, music by Native American classical composer Michael Begay is these days played in homeless shelters addressing social justice issues (Pyrillis, 2021). Music by traditional Native Americans has been used to express their cultural features and bring people together. Secondly, there is a need to look at the use of music in contemporary American popular culture. Research shows that the lyrics for popular music have become increasingly simple over the past few years, showing a change in people’s preferences (Varnum et al., 2021). Music is becoming simpler because people these days tend to like repetitive lyrics that are easier to remember, making them more enjoyable and engaging (Varnum et al., 2021). Another reason is caused by the ways people interact with music, for instance, using it “primarily in the background” in places such as gyms (Varnum et al., 2021, p. 13). Music in contemporary popular culture is affected by the consumers’ demands and is used for leisure or as background noise. Music and its usage between contemporary and traditional cultures have their distinctive features. The main difference is that traditional artists tend to use music to express the specific aspects of their cultures, while contemporary popular music focuses more on being simple and entertaining. The main similarity is seen by music uniting people, whether it is to discuss social issues or serve as a background for an action. Although it may seem that music is different in various cultures, there are many ways to use it.
Introduction Public relations (PR) firms are important organizations that provide public relations services. The PR firm to be considered in this case is the Omnicom Group. Omnicom is a global company that offers marketing, advertising, communication, and digital services (Omnicom, 2012). There are various subsidiaries under Omnicom that specialize in public relations services. For example, Fleishman- Hillard, and Gplus are subsidiaries of Omnicom that specialize in public relations, marketing, and public affairs. Type of services they offer to their clients Omnicom Group is a communication company that offers various services to its clients. It has a Diversified Agency Services (DAS) division that is comprised of numerous agencies handling public relations. Different agency brands like Fleishman-Hillard are under the DAS. They conduct various specialized activities. Fleishman-Hillard is involved in relaying the positive aspects of clients to the public. It is also involved in the control of the flow of information from the client to the media or the public. Many companies rely on public relations firms to spread positive information. This is advantageous to any organization because it shows proof of socially responsible behavior. Moreover, it leads to an increase in the consumer base. Companies will be cautious not to disclose information they view as detrimental to their activities. The public relations agency also plays an advisory role. It deals with advising its clients on what information should be released, especially when the information is detrimental to the clients. The company is involved in crisis communication for its clients. The company applies various publicity strategies when a crisis occurs to ensure its clients do not suffer because of the crisis. Omnicom’s clients are wide and varied. The public relations conglomerate deals with clients who include business organizations, governments, and non-profit organizations. Its client base is also comprised of politicians, celebrities, and wealthy individuals. History and structure The company’s origin is attributed to the merger of Needham Harper, Doyle Dane Bernbach, and BBDO in 1986. Three other agencies also joined Omnicom a year later. The company continued buying other agencies, thus establishing itself as a global entity. The merger did not make substantial progress during its initial days. The company’s agencies were able to gain various clients during the same year, but the gain was not beneficial enough for the company (Omnicom, 2012). The company continued with the purchase of various agencies that became its sister companies. Consequently, Omnicom Group began to experience gains established by its sister companies. Omnicom’s leadership is comprised of a board of directors. There are eleven members who make up the board. The company also has management officers. Omnicom has a network of 1,500 agencies. Amongst these agencies are seven public relations agencies that have played a significant role in the company’s growth. These are Ketchum Pleon, Fleishman-Hillard, Beaupre
Introduction Organizations have from time to time; carry out a thorough evaluation of their practices so as to be able to gain insight in ways of streamlining their organizational processes and improvement of revenue and high profit making potential. Both the internal and external aspects are analyzed and it must also be a wide-ranging and all inclusive activity so as to be able to gain proper strategic approach. The model of corporation management examination is derived from the unpredictable economic settings in which companies function. Investors usually want assurance in a corporation’s wellbeing before they engage in investing in public owned companies, this shows that they want to be provided with reports showing the businesses strength, comprehend how a business bounced back from a plunge in returns or whether its cash flow is hampered by its clientele who don’t meet their obligations. Reports and analysis done to investigate all this always give potential investors with specifics they require to make knowledgeable choices. With precise tabulations of inward bound returns and reliable evaluation of market tests, company analysis has turned out to be nearly requisite to many market-watchers. To a certain extent business owners and top management opt to use company analysis to assess procedures and boost their companies’ practices and revenue earnings, instead of refusing to go along with change and resolving for business as usual. Key Focuses Case study 1: Netflix Netflix being one of the world’s largest online providers of movie rentals serves over ten million clients/ subscribers who have access to more than 100,000 DVD titles plus a variety of over five thousand selections that its subscribers can view instantly in real time on their computers. Netflix has transformed the way movies are rented by delivering them directly to their clients. With today’s demanding way of life, and clients demanding extra value and control, it’s no doubt that Netflix has turned out to be the most favored online source of home entertainment. Netflix has since then developed to be the world’s leading online movie rental provider with it being named the top internet movie retail site for client contentment in 10 out of 11 review
Like many sciences, the business utilizes particular terminology to assure that concepts are fully understood. I want to expose you to the ideas of the circular flow diagram in this pap. The circular flow diagram in economics shows the structuring of an economy in a simple economic system. This graphic includes people, companies, manufacturing factors, marketplaces and products and services marketplaces. The model of a circular flow shows how money transfers into society. According to Daraban (2010), “the circular flow of income diagram is a simplified representation of the functioning of a free-market economic system” (p. 274). Money goes from manufacturers to wage employees and is returned to producers as product payments. Briefly, an economy is a never-ending circular cash flow. This is the model’s fundamental structure, although the actual cash flows are complex. In addition to depicting complicated economic systems, economists have added variables. The elements of a nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) or national income are these elements. This is why the concept is also known as the circular income flow model. Follow the dollar note for a tour of the circular flow as it takes the route from person to person in the business. Consider the dollar starting with a home in your pocket. When you buy a drink, bring the dollar for products and services to one of the economies, including your nearby coffee store at Starbucks. You buy your favorite beverage there. When the money enters the Starbucks cashier, the company receives income. The dollar, though, does not remain long at Starbucks since the Company utilizes it to acquire market input for manufacturing components. For example, the dollar may be used by Starbucks to rent his property owner or pay his workers’ salaries for the area he is occupying. In any event, some households receive the dollar and are back in somebody’s wallpaper once again. The history of the cyclic movement of the economy begins at this moment once more. Reference Daraban, B. (2010). Introducing the circular flow diagram to business students. Journal of Education for Business , 85 (5), 274-279.
Introduction The theory of management emerged in the early 19 th century when Henri Fayol, a Frenchman, described management as cooperative integration of various functions in an organization in order to achieve organizational goals. In early part of the 20 th century, Mary Parker described management as an art of mobilizing people to perform specific tasks that translate into organizational goals (Arthurs & Busenitz 2003, p.150). In 1960, Douglas McGregor revolutionized management theory by formulating theories that describe two aspects of management, the X and Y theories. In his theories, McGregor postulated that motivation of employees is central to achieving organizational goals. He recognized that, “…human capital and knowledge are the most important sources of value for the 21 st century organization…” (Kochan & Orlikowski 2009, p.2). This view has greatly changed the management strategies and structures in terms of human resources and technology. Hence, this essay explores literature review regarding the evolution of McGregor’s X and Y theories with the view of analyzing their relevance to the 21 st century managers. Theory X Theory X postulates authoritarian style of management, which assumes that employees cannot work effectively and achieve organizational goals unless the management forces them to do so. McGregor posited that “conventional managerial assumptions of theory X reflect essentially an opposite and negative views namely, that employees are lazy, are incapable of self-direction and autonomous work behavior, have little to offer in terms of organizational problem solving” (Kopelman, Prottas & Davis 2008, p.255). Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy thus views them as organizational costs that need constant monitoring and control in order to reduce losses and gain maximum benefits from them. Another assumption of theory X is that employees cannot utilize their autonomy effectively to benefit organization because they are not responsible; hence, they need proper management to lead them. Further assumption holds that employees are not creative and tend to resist organizational changes that are critical for economic growth. Due to these assumptions, authoritative management is imperative in mobilizing reserved employees. Based on Maslow’s theory, organizations under the management style of theory X rely on the satisfaction of basic needs such as money and other benefits in motivation of their employees. According to Daniels, “McGregor makes the point that a command and control environment is not effective because it relies on the lower needs as a levers of motivation, but in modern society those needs are already satisfied and thus no longer are motivators” (2008, p.1
Thesis The main objective of the paper focuses on abortion and its effects and it is equally an analysis of the developmental problems associated with this act. Another significance of the study regards on various approaches and theories in support or against abortion. The paper also forms an analysis over other probable choices in the subject matter. Lastly, the research takes sides concerning the issue based on the findings. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the act of abortion and offer suggestions from the research on ways of availing it as a medical procedure to eliminate the social stigma associated with the act especially for the physicians. “Abortion is a criminal offence but should be a legalized practice pertinent to the law” This paper is an analysis of effects and support for legalizing abortion, as well as its implication to future societal growth. It is an analysis of dominant arguments and theories for the act at certain circumstances in relation to the style of leadership. There are considerable amount of pressure in matters concerning abortion. There have been great changes on matter pertaining abortion, for instance legislatives in Mexico voted for a law that decriminalize abortion, seen as a great support especially for the pro-abortion activists who fought the harsh laws that criminalized the act. The problem associated with legalization of abortion concerns its continual illegal practice and thus the deaths of thousands of women all around the globe. Dominant arguments in support of abortion Abortion entails complete expulsion referred to as the spontaneous abortion or it can also be partial termination. The question most people including professional would raise concerns the point where the circumstances are viable. The issue of foetal viability has become a burning legal or scientific debate with varying laws and suggestions among states. The basic or most dominant argument regarding the morality of abortion is whether the act is justifiable if the mother’s life is in danger. According to Domino (2007), there is a difference between threatened and inevitable abortion but it differs bec
Introduction A 2014 report released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed that 1 in every 68 children, 1% of the world population and more than 3.5 million Americans live with autism (LePage & Courey, 2013). These statistics are disturbing because CDC and the World Health Organization (WHO) have described autism as the fastest growing developmental condition in the world that needs greater attention than is currently given. The disease is very costly because the government spends more than $200 billion every year to offer services related to its treatment and management. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that alters the normal functioning of individuals by impairing their cognitive faculties that control social interaction, behavior, and communication (LePage & Courey, 2013). The main causes include genetic inheritance and the environment in which a child develops (Keenan, 2006). There are many treatment remedies for autism. However, research has revealed that applied behavior analysis (ABA) is one of the most effective methods of treating autism. It involves the use of certain techniques to evoke and instill positive changes in behavior. ABA is an effective treatment remedy for children in school because it is easy to change their characters by training them to embrace positive behaviors and retraining them to get rid of unwanted patterns (Granpeesheh, Tarbox, & Dixon, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to prove that ABA is an effective autism treatment method and will review past literature and research studies conducted to establish its effectiveness as a treatment method. Literature review As mentioned earlier, ABA is an autism treatment method that involves the use of specific principles and techniques to bring positive behavioral changes. This method has been used successfully among school children because it is easy to change their behaviors by instilling new ones and re-training them to abdicate destructive ones (Keenan, 2006). It is the most commonly applied autism treatment remedy in the United States and several other countries in the world and the major method that schools and therapists embrace and use. ABA was developed by Dr. Ivar Lovaas who made several contributions to psychology through extensive research and development of theories. He used various concepts of behaviorism to come up with the method that has been very successfu
Caviar 3 or more specific grades of caviar with explanations Technically, caviar can be divided into two categories: sturgeon and non-sturgeon caviar. Each of them includes various types. Sturgeon caviar types are the following: Beluga, Kaluga, Sevruga, Sterlet, Osetra, Siberian Sturgeon, White Sturgeon, and Hackleback (“Sturgeon Caviar,” para. 1). The non-sturgeon caviar includes different kinds of red and black caviar. They comprise salmon roe, Paddlefish, Bowfin, Tobico, Whitefish, Lumpfish, Capelin, Bottarga, Stromluga, Herring, and carp caviar. “Sterling Caviar” offers another grade of caviar: Imperial, Royal, and Classic (“Caviar FAQ,” para. 1). Their difference is based on the way of processing, size, and color of the caviar. Size of fish Usually, the fish is raised at special farms until it reaches 20-25 pounds in size. Main geographic location or origins There is the main division in two areas: the American and Russian regions. According to “Sterling Caviar,” in North America sturgeons are found only in Northern Hampshire. However, originally, the caviar industry began to develop in Russia and the Mediterranean region. Other geographic locations The Caspian Sea in Russia and Iran, West Coast of Europe. Process of removal Sturgeon farming is a long process of raising the fish in natural conditions, but with a special environment. The eggs are incubated for a week before the baby sturgeon is hatched. Later, the chosen eggs are delicately separated and processed (“Sturgeon Farming,” para. 2). Process of sieving or sizing The sieving process is based on picking the eggs by color, maturity, and size. The size of the roe is dependant on the type of sturgeon. For example, Beluga caviar has the largest grains. Process of salting The method of salting depends on the grade of caviar. Pure salt, boric acid, and borax are used for the process. It can be lightly salted (Malossol method) or heavily salted, the amount can vary depending on the type of eggs. Explanation of Malossol Malossol is a particular method of preservation based on low-salting. It is aimed at keeping the flavor and preserving the caviar’s high quality. Experts prefer this method of preservation as the number of salt influences the quality, and very low-salted caviar is regarded as the top-quality type. Describe a culinary application for the presentation of caviar Caviar is to be served on a toast or crepes with a special mother of pearl spoon. It is considered a great appetizer for strong alcohol, so it is appropriate for celebrations with toasts. Truffles One specific type with explanation French Black truffle or black Périgord truffle is a type of fungi, named after the region in France, where it usually grows. It is usually used to cook pâté de foie gras (“Wild About Mushrooms,” para. 4). Second specific type with explanation Italian White truffle is another kind of fungi that can be found in Northern Italy, in the countryside of Alba, and differs from the black type in odor and taste. Approximate size It can vary from the size of a nut to the size of a person’s mitt, but there are some exceptions. For example, one of the biggest truffles ever found was 1,31 ki
Globalization as a macro-environmental force The process of globalization can be defined as one of the main macro-environmental forces influencing the market of higher education in Australia. Globalization is considered a megatrend, as it affects nearly every segment of our civilization. It can be described as the accelerated movement of “people, goods, and ideas among countries and regions” (Qin-Hilliard and Suarez-Orozco 1). It changes the nature of the market of higher education all over the world and leads to internationalization. Nowadays, young people are open to other cultures and are willing to experience living in different countries. They have an opportunity to learn international languages and get all the knowledge required for being a competitive student in major educational institutions. It creates high competitiveness in the market of higher education. I believe, these processes can have a huge impact on the market of higher education in Australia. Australian higher education is accepted worldwide. However, the character of education in Australia is fully commercial while it is heavily subsidized in Japan and the USA (Marginson 16). Globalization enables the students to see the difference between the prices and give preference to the institutions outside Australia, which offer lower fees. Therefore, globalization leads to the inevitable changes in the Australian system of higher education, needed for the development of its competitive capacity. Demographics as a macro-environmental force Demographic factors present another macro-environmental force influencing the market of higher education in Australia. Demographic issues include age distribution, migration processes, environment specifics, etc. These factors will influence the market of higher education in Australia and worldwide. The aging of the overall population in Australia results in higher demand for healthcare services specialists. Constantly growing levels of migration to Australia lead to the necessity for adjusting the educational system to the needs of students coming from different cultures. Therefore, an issue of the necessity of the introduction of bilingual education can arise. A growing number of single-parent families in Australia will affect the paying capacity of future students. Therefore, the demographic factor will change the market of higher education in Australia and make it more flexible and suitable for the needs of the future society. Technological force The post on the technological force investigates the influence of modern technologies on the educational system. Technologies gave an opportunity to study distantly and introduced new approaches to the academic routine. Technology is progressively changing, and new inventions modify modern education in many ways (Bates 9). Higher education has faced challenges caused by the development of informational technologies, which influenced the perception of “how education should be delivered” (Joh