ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Gas turbines have simple ways of operating them with regard to starting and stopping. These qualities make gas turbines useful during peak periods in energy demand. In Saudi Arabia, gas turbines have become the primary means of generating electricity because of the presence and low prices of natural gas relative to distillate fuels (Egware and Obanor 206). As a result, gas turbines are utilized based on load units. It is imperative to conduct energy analysis in order to determine sources of energy loss during conversion stages in the plant, as well as evaluate factors that affect the plant performance for efficient usages of gas turbines for power generation. Traditionally, energy analysis involves evaluating the energy use in operations that entail chemical or physical processing of materials and the transfer and or conversion of energy (Egware and Obanor 206). Energy analysis involves conducting energy balances, which rely on the First Law of Thermodynamics (FLT) and assessing efficiency of the energy. The energy balance is necessary for determining waste and in some cases, recovery of heat. Today, the most common method of determining thermal systems in heat and power cycles is energy analysis. Specifically, it is useful in fuel usage and electrical efficiency. During the 20 th century, the use of energy analysis developed, and today, it is the most established method of assessing thermal systems. The first law of thermodynamics is the principle that guides energy analysis and the continuity equation over the system and its elements make the energy analysis a dominant method (Egware and Obanor 207). The focus of energy analysis is to enhance thermal effectiveness of a system. The Brayton cycle is the thermodynamic cycle in which all gas turbines run. A gas turbine consists of compressor, combustors, generator, and turbine as the main parts. A number of researchers have conducted this study in Saudi Arabia. However, in these studies, these authors have failed to include the work ratio and impacts of ambient temperatures because they influence power out and effectiveness of the plants in their analyses. It is imperative to recognize that turbine power out and efficiency decline as the compressor inlet temperature escalates. This report focuses on energy analysis in the thermal power plant. Thermodynamic Functional Standard of the Plant The plant operates on an open Brayton cycle. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate schematic and temperature and entropy (T – s) respectively. Dur
Introduction Family conflicts are the category of relationships that is manifested quite often and is expressed in the form of quarrels and misunderstanding. As a solution to family problems, specific mediation models are used. One of the effective techniques is the model of narrative mediation, the essence of which lies in discussing any existing issue that can potentially cause a controversy (Taylor, 2010). The application of this method will help to avoid a serious conflict in a certain family and find a compromise in solving the current problem or misunderstanding. Conflict Background The conflict under analysis is quite typical for a family in which a second child recently was born. The participants are a father, a mother, a seven-year-old son, and a little girl who was born not long ago. The main conflict occurs between the father and the mother who cannot share responsibilities and are forced to argue for a long time about who will control the younger daughter and who will do housework and take care of the elder son. The conflict looks rather standard: first, parents silently ignore each other, and then quarrels arise caused by the desire of each of them to express their positions. As it can be seen from the situation, the children have a direct relationship to the problem. According to Rudd, Ogle, Holtzworth-Munroe, Applegate, and D’Onofrio (2015), parent-child communication is a reflection of the microclimate in the family. Due to the fact that both the children are indirect causes of the conflict, the boy will likely feel guilty because he is old enough to understand the essence of the problem. Moreover, as Erickson and Erickson (2014) claim, the upbringing of children should not concern only one parent if the family is full. Therefore, the fact that the conflict lasts for almost three weeks is the fault of either adult. As a solution to the conflict, a Mentalizing-Based approach to family mediation proposed by Howieson and Priddis (2015) can also be very useful since the authors suggest taking into account psychological motivations. However, the model of narrative mediation that is used by Taylor (2010) will probably be the most effective. Mediation Role Play The family psychologist comes to the family to find out if everything is in order. During the dialogue, the woman sees a persistent tension between the father and the mother and understands that they are in a rather long conflict. Through indirect inquiry, the psychologist understands that the cause of misunderstanding is the problem with children. In the course of the conversation, the expert tries to convey to them that their responsibility for the upbringing and care of the children is equal, and the division of duties is useless as each of them will certainly be dissatisfied with the situation. At the end of the dialogue, all the three conclude that much more successful decisions can be made through peaceful resolution of any disagreements and calm discussion of issues than through quarrels and offenses. Conclusion Thus, the model of narrative media
The movie explains family relations. It is noted that one family member may influence the behavior of others. From the movie, it is evident that the family plays a critical role in the life of an individual since it restrains behavior (Knapp, & Womack, 2003). Agency-structure theory suggests that the individual does not exist freely in society. However, individuals are influenced by the dynamics of society, such as the family. The movie aims at conveying the purposive nature of human activity as opposed to its constrained aspect. In the movie, it can be observed that social life is largely determined by group life. This would mean the existence of an individual could be explained as an outcome of the structure. From the movie, the family is portrayed as an agent that can either restrain or promote individual behavior. In a family setup, some forms of interactions usually take place. Family members exchange both material and non-material goods through actions and messages. These exchanges result to interactions, which would take various forms, depending on the nature of the family. Social interactions would sometimes be repetitive and habitual. If interactions become habitual, they might form a certain pattern. This is referred to as patterned social interaction. In this regard, each family member would be expected to demonstrate certain forms of behavior. In this article, two forms of interactions would be compared. Two major forms of social changes would also be compared, which are the first-order and the second-order change. In the film, command is used to influence Ana to defer her studies in favor of employment. In the Latino culture, a woman was supposed to help her family immediately she graduates from high sc
Belonging to the national and state professional accounting organizations, respectively, sites of both the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Florida Institute of Certified Public Accountants (FICPA) offer information about the profession. One of the readily apparent features of the AICPA site that can be of use to an aspiring accountant is the “Career Guidance” section. It offers a wealth of information on job peculiarities, educational programs, work-life balance, and other important aspects (AICPA, 2021). It also covers different career paths for becoming a certified public accountant (CPA), from a high-schooler interested in accounting to a student preparing for graduation (AICPA, 2021). FICPA’s site does not offer this type of guidance in the readily available way, but its “Knowledge Hub” tab provides current information on the developments important of accounting in Floridian context (FICPA, 2021). While trying to describe every bit of knowledge available on both sides within a single post would be unfeasible, it is safe to say that both sites can serve as a reliable source of information.
The impact of the development of technologies on hate speech The appearance of the phenomenon of hate speech was influenced by the development of information technology with a focus on web 2.0 technologies. 1   * Web 2.0 technologies allowed for sharing and exchanging different types of information and messages. 2   * Web-based communities and social networks are currently available for the global public for free.       + The amount of racially-biased, aggressive, or extremists-oriented content on the Internet increased significantly during recent years.       + Social media, including Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter, among others, became the platforms for sharing violent, biased, anti-religious, and racist messages that target different vulnerable audiences, including the youth. 3 The development of information technologies and the availability of mobile devices have created the situation when users are at risk of being targets of hate speech at any time and place.   * The key reasons for this are distant access and anonymity in spite of the necessity to register in order to use social media websites, blogs, and other similar platforms.       + The personality of users who post hate speech commentaries or share messages cannot be legally disclosed in most cases if their actions do not violate organisations’ policies and terms. 4   * Additional reasons for developing hate speech in association with technological factors are the possibilities to use multiple different accounts, encryption tools, and additional technologies to share hate speech messages. 5       + Monitoring that is used on Facebook and similar websites is not enough to prevent the spread of hate speech because of confidentiality issues. 6       + The disclosure of users’ private information is still a debatable issue that needs to be discussed in detail. Types of hate speech Hate speech is defined as an expression of prejudiced and discriminatory attitude or hatred towards an individual or a group of individuals. 7  1. In most cases, hate speech includes violent, aggressive, and harmful statements and messages that affect the target audience. 8  2. Hate speech is also associated with potentially threatening behaviour for a target person. 9 There is different classifications and types of hate speech.   * Types of hate speech based on the target of hatred include racism, misogyny, Islamophobia, and anti-Semitism, among others.       + People can be discriminated against on the Internet because of their race or ethnicity, and racism is observed in this case. 10       + Misogyny is associated with discrimination and prejudice related to the female
Topic: What is the perception of the youths, who drink alcohol and work within the New York night-time economy, on the state legislative changes to reduce alcohol-related violence in the inner city? Introduction As indicated by Livingston (2011), several violent incidents involving alcohol consumers have led to the introduction of stringent laws like the liquor lockout law and the one-punch law in New York. Unfortunately, the excessive consumption of alcohol has led to many cases of assaults on the young people walking in the streets while drunk as was established in the Alcohol outlet density and assault: A spatial analysis (Livingston, 2008). According to Leonard, Quigley, and Collins (2003), problem behavior theory is a socio-psychological framework that explains the na
An eclipse is an astronomical event which happens when an object gets between two astronomical objects and casting its shadow on one of them. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between the sun and the earth blocking lightness from getting to the earth (Crash Course). A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon moves into the shadow created because the earth is blocking the sunlight from reaching the moon. There are two shadows inside the moon, one of which is a narrow cone tapering to a point from the moon. If a person is physically anywhere inside this cone, the moon seems to be large enough to block the sun, meaning that the shadow is very dark, and it is referred to as umbra. Outside the umbra, there is the penumbra, a wider conical area where the sun is seen as partially blocked when observed from that region. The moon can be smaller than the sun in the sky if a solar eclipse happens when the moon appears to be at the far end of its orbit. However, during the eclipses, totality is brief because the sun and the moon are nearly of the same apparent size (Crash Course). It is not recommended to look directly on the eclipse because it can seriously damage the eyes. The difference between solar and lunar eclipse is that solar eclipse is only localized in one spot, and only the locals can see the eclipse. The lunar eclipse is visible to anyone on the earth who can see the moon. Each year the moon moves away from the earth by four centimeters due to tides from the planet. As it moves away, it slowly becomes smaller in the sky. This implies that it will be too far away to cover the sun in time altogether, and there will be no more total eclipses. Work Cited “Eclipses: Crash Course Astronomy #5.” YouTube , uploaded by Crash Course, 2015, Web.
What’s New? This article ‘New Surgical Procedure Could Save Millions’ discusses a procedure that was effectively used to remove growths (papilloma) from the airway of a patient using a combination of the newly developed carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and pulsed-dye laser technologies. The CO2 laser is delivered by a recently developed “hollow-core optical fiber,” while the pulsed-dye laser is delivered to the affected parts by a “standard solid optical fiber” (WUBMC para. 3). The two lasers are accurately guided by an advanced video endoscope that is intricately attached to the other gadgets and delivered to the patient through a miniature tube positioned in the nose. The two lasers work complimentarily, with the CO2 laser first eliminating the growths in the voice box and trachea before the pulsed-dye laser is utilized to treat the base of the growths to curtail future recurrence. The new procedure has a lot of benefits since patients will not only be able to save money and time but will be guaranteed superior outcomes and high satisfaction levels (WUBMC para. 1). Patients will neither be required to be put under general anesthesia nor book hospital beds since the new procedure can be done when the patient is completely awake, not to mention the fact that he or she is immediately allowed to go home once the procedure is successfully completed. This implies that the procedure is less risky and has positive outcomes in the treatment of respiratory papillomas – a condition that could be potentially fatal if left untreated. The Old Way The old procedure of removing the growths required equipment that could not be used outside the operating room, not to mention the fact that patients were required to be put under general anesthesia (WUBMC para. 2). This implies that not only was the procedure painful, but also the patient was obliged to spend some time in hospital. This information further demonstrates that the old procedure had obvious cost and time implications, and was also generally uncomfortable to the patient. Where are we going? The development of the new technology and its successful testing at Wake Forest University Baptist Center by Professor Jamie Koufman reveals a new dimension in the treatment of respiratory papillomas that can be fatal if left untreated. There are many other infections that affect the respiratory tract system and which could immensely benefit from the achievements of the new procedure. Indeed, “…the same approach will work for 50 to 70 percent of all laryngeal surgeries, including the removal of vocal nodules, polyps, cysts, granulomas, and even vascular lesions” (WUBMC para. 8). What’s more, the laser surgery technique may eventually become the preferred method of treating laryngeal cancer. As such, many patients are bound to save a lot of time and money as the new technology firm
This theory has been criticized in the modern days because the thought is it cannot describe the actual economy at the time. The critic argues that assuming customers act logically when making decisions misses natural humanity’s propensity to emotional reactions (Zainuddin & Noranee, 2017). It is also blamed for inequalities in the global arrears and economic relations due to its argumentative nature. However, this theory states that short-term steadiness is said to be the outcome of fluctuating quantity of work and investment in the total factor productivity. According to neoclassical theory, the market forces result in an effectual utilization of capital. Firstly, the model emphasizes how the confluence of three motivating factors, finance, effort, and expertise—principals to a continuous pace of financial expansion. Technological progressions have a noteworthy influence on entrepreneurship, and monetary progress cannot be unrelenting when they are deprived. Although the economy’s potential labor assets are restricted, technology’s expansion is limitless (DesJardins, 2021). Furthermore, according to monetarism, a business model has merit far beyond its expenses. Secondly, neoclassical theory is appropriate since it enhances self-satisfaction to consumers. This is because one may make purchase selections based on personal assessments of an item’s or service’s usefulness. The economists who believe in this theory claim that an item’s pricing is determined by the user’s sense of its worth. This idea is similar to rational behaviorism, which claims that individuals make logical judgments when it comes to money. Finally, as per this theoretical framework, growth is mainly attributed to the optimal utilization of capital inside an ecosystem. The equilibrium price is created by the dynamics of producers and consumers. The neo-classical line of thinking, contrary to Keynesian economics, holds that resources dictate expenditure. It implies that perfect competition and comprehensive growth ought to be the key economic aims of the authorities.
Introduction Food waste within the food supply chain is becoming a worrying trend given the consistency with which the world population is increasing. According to Kummua et al. (2012), over ten million people often suffer from malnutrition in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and South America. Sometimes the situation is so dire in parts of Africa that children starve to death. It is unfortunate that a significant amount of food is lost within the supply chain while at the same time millions of people around the world suffer from malnutrition. A report by Meyer et al. (2017) indicates that about 50% of the total amount of food produced ends up as waste instead of being put to use. It may not be easy to have a precise estimation of the amount of food that goes into waste, especially after it has been purchased by the final consumers who rarely provide such data. Strange (2016) strongly believes that a significant amount of food is lost during transportation and when it has been delivered to the final consumer. It is important to find ways of addressing this issue. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, food security is one of the main concerns that each government is keen on addressing (McKenzie, Singh-Peterson & Underhill 2017). The region does not receive regular amounts of rainfall. The agricultural sector is supported by irrigation and emerging technologies to enhance its sustainability. Some of the food products are imported from Africa and other parts of the world. It is, therefore, critical to find ways of eliminating food losses within the supply chain. This paper focuses on the impact of supply chain efficiency on losses in the food supply chain. Literature Review In this section, the focus is to review the works of other scholars who have investigated this issue before. The researcher will look at the emerging trends in the food industry at a global level, which have affected supply chain losses and the estimates of supply chain losses. Emerging Trends that Impact Supply Chain Losses According to Kummua et al. (2012), some of the emerging global trends have a significant impact on the food supply chain and the losses that occur at stages of harvesting, processing, transporting, and making the products available to the final consumers. Göbel et al. (2015) emphasize that one of the most significant trends that are negatively affecting food supply is urbanization, which causes the contraction of labor supply in the agricultural sector. In both developed and developing countries, young men and women prefer staying in large cities. Most of them resent agriculture as it is considered a less lucrative job that is meant for people with limited education or with less ambition in society. As such, the agricultural sector is starved of a workforce. Although the use of machinery has reduced overreliance on human labor, people are still needed in farms and production plants to undert