ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the video about unconscious bias, Yassmin Abdel-Magied illustrates the concept by discussing stereotypes related to professional fields. Having heard of a surgeon, many people assume that it is a man, and I have witnessed several similar situations relating to other activities (TED, 2015). For instance, there is one modern artist that has a very specific art style and actively uses grim humor in her works. I showed multiple pictures by this person to my friend, and she appreciated all of them. Later, my friend was really surprised to learn about the artist’s gender from me and said something like, “For some reason, I have always thought it was a talented and funny guy.” My conclusion is that it has to deal with numerous negative stereotypes about “female humor” that never deserves attention and cannot focus on something besides relationships or traditionally feminine hobbies and occupations. It is of utmost importance to recognize the problem of unconscious bias and take action to reduce its impact on judgments and the process of decision-making. In general, I believe that unconscious bias can be reduced by getting new knowledge, and the case discussed above is not an exception. Concerning that situation, what could be done includes mentioning the artist’s name to avoid misunderstanding or helping to expand the friend’s perspective on women’s ability to make funny jokes. For instance, being aware of the types of jokes appreciated by my friend, I could tell her about other female artists or comedians that she might like, thus challenging her stereotypical perceptions. I suppose that the proposed actions could also help reduce prejudice and stereotyping in that particular case. It is because the new examples of female comedians and artists would encourage my friend to alter her worldview. Before voicing some stereotypical opinions about women and humor in the future, she would remember our conversation and multiple examples disproving her initial point. Reference TED. (2015). What does my headscarf mean to you? Yassmin Abdel-Magied [Video file]. Web.
One of the principal users of HR services is a line manager. The key demands that a line manager addresses to HR service reside in an adequate evaluation of the employees’ needs and their sustainable training. From this perspective, it is expected that HR service performs an organizational function trying to create an environment that would be favorable for employees’ effective working. This includes maintaining good relationships within the workforce and resolving the conflict situations that essentially appear between colleagues. The second demand made on HR services on the part of a manager resides in assuring constant development of the professional capacity within the personnel. Another need of a more personal character that a line manager is likely to experience is the desire to receive a reward for his team. Another user of HR services is an employee. This type of user has numerous needs, among which the dominant requests reside in being timely paid and objectively rewarded. These users are less interested in the team appraisals and more focused on the individual results and the prospects they might bring. Finally, the last user of HR services is a potential employee. In other words, it is a person that is currently undergoing a probation period. These types of users are the most demanding as they expect HR service to provide them with challenging tasks and, at the same time, they require that every single achievement is essentially noticed and rewarded. In the meantime, these types of users might be more concerned about team rewards than official employees. On the whole, all the users of the HR services expect timely service delivery. From this perspective, HR services have to perform a large scope of functions simultaneously. To address the needs of a line manager and satisfy them, the service representatives have to maintain a stress-free atmosphere within a team and provide it with essential development facilities if necessary. In the meantime, the situation is much more complicated in terms of assigning rewards. That is one of the key demands that each of the enlist
Corporate identity and Family Business Introduction The notion of corporate identity is much more popular nowadays in comparison to previous years. It should be added that “corporate identity” has become a topic of various discussions together with other two concepts — “corporate image” and “corporate culture”. In a modern business, corporate identity is what makes the company unique in the highly competitive markets. Companies adhere to a variety of methods to render their culture and intentions. The family business is also a type of business. It can be used for the creation of corporate identity as well. The notion of corporate identity The increasing significance of corporate identity may be regarded as a consequence of changes in the business environment. According to Bouchet, the overabundance of available information, technological progress, and shifts in human mentality predetermine the need to emphasize the particular corporate identities (1). It is extremely easy to become lost in a vast flow of information. Consequently, it is necessary to differentiate the company in some way. Also, consumers are becoming more socially and environmentally aware. For instance, the company’s approach to waste management may become a significant aspect of the successful corporate identity. The corporate identity may be defined as the way the company demonstrates and perceives itself. Some people consider that corporate identity can be achieved via the establishment of rigid rules of behavior for employees, managers, and other staff. In fact, corporate identity is more about the company’s representation of its actions. It is an ideal of corporate performance. Bouchet also writes that corporate identity refers to the choice of the communication strategy with market utilizing particular signs (4). These signs include brandings, advertisement, logo, and human resources management politics. Brochures can be used as efficient sources for the creating and rendering of corporate culture. The following picture is the example of the brochure of Artistry — world’s premium beauty brand (“Artistry Ambassador Program” n. pag.). Artistry Ambassador Program. The brochure is used to reveal that the company pays emphasis on the combination of beauty and science. The corporate identity is achieved via the referring to scientific approaches to making beauty products. It should be added that the internet site of the company enhances corporate identity too. Logo, brand, and message to customers are connected to the overall corporate identity (“Artistry” n. pag.). Annual reports comprise another significant source of the corporate identity. Ditlevsen has investigated annual reports of six Danish companies such as Syndbank and Carlsberg to comprehend their relation to corporate identity. The results have shown that all firms utilize various visual signs in their reports to render particular meanings. The corporate identity is achieved in several ways via annual reports. First, annual r
Introduction The US Constitution guarantees the preservation of all US citizens’ civil rights and freedoms. One of such liberties is the right to have private property. However, the government leaves the right to take private property from the individuals for the benefit of the country, which is provided by eminent domain. According to the Constitution, the only legal way for the government to take private property is under the conditions of particular cases and guaranteed just compensation. Recently, the number of cases of misinterpretation of such government’ power imposing an issue of eminent domain abuse has increased. Improper use of eminent domain by the government is anti-constitutional and should be regarded as a violation of citizens’ civil rights. Main body An example of the governments’ misuse of its power is the 2005 Kelo case when a family was deprived of their land in favor of another private agent. Such a decision of the city was grounded on the fact that there would be more benefits for the city when the land is used for business purposes. In this case, the Constitution, which is supposed to protect the rights of the American citizens, was used against one through manipulations with law. It means that no one is protected and people live under a constant burden of risk to lose their property. Moreover, the term “just compensation” is not clearly defined and might differ depending on the government’s or an individual’s point of view. Conclusion Therefore, the American system for eminent domain is unfair and is reasoned by the interests of business entities or privileged individuals that imposes a more severe problem of inequity. The citizens are deprived of the right to have the private property under the burden of the government’s omnipresent benefit. It is vital to eliminate eminent domain abuse to prioritize civil liberties over governmental profit.
Introduction Media is important to society as it is one of the main information sources. In the course of playing its role, the media faces some challenges. The main challenges faced by the media relate to ethics. The same can be said about the usage of books and their content, as students are easily influenced by their opinions and understanding. Therefore, it has been formulated that ethics must act as a guide in media and its messages. Philosophers have proposed various models such as moral reasoning and the highest ethical principles in order to ensure the correct implementation of media ethics (Christians et al., n.d). Individuals in the media should engage in moral reasoning, as it is important in the passing of the content. The virtue base theory has a lot to do with ethics and morality, and what role they play in society. As media is becoming more influential, it needs to be reliable and unchanging in its morality. This is especially true in the United Arab Emirates because of the specific culture and the views of society towards media ethics. Situation The content of books must be closely followed and edited, as some of the images and information are biased. It is also important to consider the cultural context and the nature of the educational institutions. Some parts might be very offensive to certain groups of people, so editing of the content is necessary on all levels, especially in relation to ethics and morality (Patterson & Wilkins, 2013). Analysis A proper content of a book or media must have a moral obligation, to be impartial and absent of any discrimination or stereotyping. The authors and editors must be moral in keeping the balance of morality and ethics. If promises to be impartial are made and then broken because some other argumentation comes up, then there is no point in making promises. Reporters, authors, and editors must be sensitive to the information they produce. Anything offensive must be censored out so that people can enjoy a fair and balanced system of education (Plaisance, 2008). The ethical theory of virtue can be applied to both the content of books and media in the UAE. This is because it adheres to several principles and values, which are an open-ended information transfer, truthful episode recall, and specific representation of what took place. Some of the ethical values when presenting any information are truth-telling, the public’s right to know, legal and religious values. One way to think of virtue as a golden mean of the informative content is in judging by the times and social norms. Many people have not concerned themselves with the deeper personal and public qualities of the relationship between people of UAE, cultural ethics, and printed content. The Arab Emirates is a place where for a long time, people had laws that were not as liberal and humane as they are today, so the media must be careful in its po
Introduction Mental health nurses need to follow the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment outlined in national and international manuals. However, in some cases, the information in these sources does not cover the condition that the patient may have (Petry, Zajac, & Ginley, 2018). For example, the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes only one non-substance-related addictive disorder – gambling disorder (Mann, Fauth‐Bühler, Higuchi, Potenza, & Saunders, 2016). According to the authors, other “groups of repetitive behaviors … are not included because at this time there is insufficient peer-reviewed evidence to establish the diagnostic criteria” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 481). At the same time, there exists a multitude of cases of other behavioral addictions that mental health nurses have to diagnose to help their patients (Potenza, 2014; Saunders, 2017). Thus, it becomes clear that mental health nurses have to use the DSM-5 as a framework for addressing behaviors that may not be included in the current edition. DSM-5 and Behavioral Addiction The addition of gambling as the only type of addictive disorder has been widely
Introduction The business environment today has become highly competitive. Any business willing to sustain itself through tight competition and impressive profitability, in the long run, has to devote its efforts in attracting new customers as well as retaining existing ones (Hallowell, 1996, p. 27). Latest empirical research has demonstrated that the only way businesses can attain above goals is through long term customer satisfaction (Chen & Hu, 2010, p.535). It is against this reason that the term customer satisfaction attracted more attention in the last two decades. This paradigm shift in attention was due to benefits associated with customer satisfaction. Additionally, several studies have also supported the hypothesis that customer satisfaction increases price loyalty, positive word of mouth advertisement and boosts customer loyalty. Undoubtedly, customer satisfaction can be directly linked to customer retention and growth of a firm’s share in the market (Hallowell, 1996, p. 30). It is against this background that it has become critical for businesses to improve quality of their services since it immensely and positively contributes to customer satisfaction. Service delivery occurs when the service provider and the customer interact. During this interaction, commonly known as service encounter, the customer’s gauge the quality of the service provided and related the experience with the preconceived ideas (Chen & Hu, 2010, p.540). If the quality of the service received exceeds the expected outcomes, the customer is usually satisfied. However, if the encountered quality of service falls below the expected, dissatisfaction is inevitable (Chen & Hu, 2010, p.546). The type of service encounter that a customer experience is what leads to either service failure or success. Previous researches in the service industry have identified several characteristics that customers use to gauge the quality of service being offered. To begin with, customers are concerned with the timeliness and convenience of the service. A case-specific study in the restaurant industry showed that customers are concerned with time taken to receive their orders. Likewise, studies in the service industry like mail delivery shows customers will be dissatisfied if the provider does not dwell on timeliness and convenience (Chen & Hu, 2010, p.537). Secondly, customers are more concerned with personal attention they receive from a company’s employee during service delivery (Chen & Hu, 2010, p.538). They will also gauge the level of employee competence and professionalism as well as responsiveness incase of a query or a problem. Finally, availability, reliability and dependability of the service are key determinants in customer satisfaction (Chen & Hu, 2010, p.538). Hallowell (1996, p. 42) adds that time factors is the most important aspect that determines customer satisfaction in this fast-paced environment. According to Hallowell (1996, p. 38), any business willing to survive in the cut-throat competitive business environment should consider improving the above factors. This is because the negative effects of customer dissatisfaction can have di
The novel Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes is devoted to serious social and ethical topics – disabled people and the ethics of medical experiments. The author presents the story of a mentally disabled man who wants to become similar to others and agrees to undergo an innovative procedure. He obtains superior intellect but does not become happy. The book covers the problems of friendship, human relationships, and the ethics of experiments. This paper will provide a summary of the novel and an analysis of its main characters and themes. In the end, the author’s opinion on this book will be provided. The novel is in the name of Charlie Gordon. He is 32 years old, and he is mentally disabled. Charlie works as a floor sweeper and performs other easy tasks. He obtains an opportunity to be rid of his mental problems through surgery. Charlie agrees to participate in the experiment because he sees remarkable results for a laboratory mouse, Algernon, who had a similar procedure (Keyes 286). He writes progress reports regularly to describe the fundamental changes and everything that is done to him by scientists (Gale 1). Charlie hopes to become a genius and to improve his life. However, the reality is different, and he is not happy. Charlie is selected just for the experience, similarly to that mouse, but not to make him a happier person. Charlie understands the past issues with his family members and friends, which he was not able to study before because of mental disability. Charlie wants to improve his mind to read, write, and to communicate with others. However, in reality, he is similar to a laboratory mouse, and the scientists use him to test a new invention. The operation turns to be unsuccessful, and gradually, Charlie loses his intellect, and his state becomes even worse than it was before the operation. He decides to spend the remaining years of his life in a house for mentally disabled people and asks to put flowers on Algernon’s grave. The main character is Charlie, and the whole story is connected with his transformations, feelings, and thoughts. At the beginning of the story, he is portrayed as a disabled man who is not happy with his life and wants to become smarter. He looks like a child, but actually, he is ambitious and optimistic. Charlie is much focused on his dreams of a better future, which motivates this character to agree to participate in a risky experiment. By passing this surgical procedure, he hopes to become smarter and happier in his life. However, the reality seems different to him. The author also shows Charlie as a person who wants to love and to be loved, as he lacks those feelings in his current life. His love for Alice makes him happier, but not for an extended period. Charlie’s life story is a tragedy that makes sense of the whole novel, and all other characters are re
Introduction Major depressive disorder is a mental ailment in which the victim exhibits an extreme mood, low self regard as well as loss of concern in activities that are usually considered to be pleasurable. Catatonic (depression) is a major type of depression that is exemplified by relentless motor function disturbances. It is nonetheless not viewed as a disconnect disorder but usually linked with other psychiatric conditions, such as, drug abuse. It is caused by cognitions and environmental factors. The major cause of catatonic depression is negativity of a person or in the way he or she perceives different aspects of life. It is a disposition disorder and has an effect on an individual’s life, for example, the person’s health. It may even lead to suicide. This paper examines the causes, symptoms, prevention, treatment and various arguments in relation to Catatonic depression. Literature Review Dhossche (2006) asserts that catatonic syndrome is characterized by coexistence of psychiatric symptoms and motor symptoms. There is an association of catatonia with depression, alcoholism, syphilis and epilepsy. Catatonic signs can appear in a variety of disorders and it is not therefore purely a psychiatric condition associated with schizophrenia as it was earlier believed. The identification of major depressive ailment is dependent on the self-reported occurrences from the patient himself/herself, demeanors accounted by acquaintances or family members, and a mental status test. Nevertheless, there is no (laboratory) examination for the disorder (major depression). Therapeutic practitioners in general call for examinations for (physical) conditions that may result in similar indications so as to establish the outcomes and degree of the major depression. According to Gelder, Mayou and Geddes (2005), a depressive ailment may result in dawdling recovery of the sick individual and may impinge on or deteriorate the victim’s physical health if it is not noticed at some point in the early phases. Beck and Alford (2009) asserts that in the class of disposition disorders, catatonic indicators are normally linked to bipolar I ailment which is a disposition disorder concerning depressive and mania phases. Signs and symptoms of catatonic exhilaration, for instance, unsystematic movement not linked to the surroundings or replication of phrases, words, and movements may take place for the period of manic stage. The authentic catatonic indicators are unfeasible to make a distinction from those witnessed in catatonic (schizophrenia). The catatonic symptoms may also appear in combination with other mood disorders, including bipolar II disorder, mixed disorders and major depressive disorders. Causes of Catatonic depression Catatonic depression is mainly caused by problems in production of neurotransmitters within the brain. These are substances that carry out impulses beside a nerve (from one nerve unit to the other). Serotonins (as well as norepinephrine