ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Depression is a relatively common condition in today’s society. It affects almost every aspect of people’s lives, and if left untreated it can lead to severe negative outcomes. The relationship between exercise and depression is complex. It can prevent a person from doing physical activity. While on the other hand, exercise can serve as a partial treatment for depression. This paper will examine how depression affects physical activity dropouts, as well as how exercise can affect it. Physical Activity Dropouts People living with a major depressive disorder are increasingly likely to drop out of physical activity. A study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders on this subject stated that the dropout rate for people with depression is more than 18% and that people with more severe cases of depression have even higher rates of dropout (Stubbs et al. 457). These statistics can be explained by the way that depression affects the thinking process of a person. Sometimes it can create patterns of behavior that prevent people from exercising. For example, depression is often accompanied by feelings of tiredness. These feelings can make people see exercise as a laborious and unrewarding activity. Therefore, they drop out of physical activity before it can become a routine. The lack of immediate visible effects combined with the physical demand for the activity makes it hard to maintain for people with depression. However, these dropout rates can be reduced. When exercise programs are conducted by physiotherapists and exercise physiologists, these statistics are much less prominent. Therefore, when working with people who have depression, more qualified personnel should be involved. Effect of Exercise on Depression People with depression drop out more often, but when they do not, it becomes a very effective treatment for depression. Multiple studies show that people with depression are likely to find exercise beneficial as a treatment for their condition (Schuch et al. 42; Josefsson et al. 259). However, the group of people with depression that is capable of consistently dedicating time and energy towards exercise is limited. The studies state that it is truly recommended only to people who are already motivated, physically healthy, and have only mild or moderate cases of depression. For people with major depressive disorder, some studies recommend aerobic exercises as it was the most effective type in randomized controlled trials of various exercise programs. The exercises must be of moderate-intensity and should be supervised by highly qualified professionals. Nevertheless, the antidepressant effect of exercise on depression suggests that further actions should be taken to create additional opportunities for people with depression to exercise effectively. Conclusion Depression often affects the motivation of people to do physical activity. The feelings of weakness prevent people from committing to exercise and lead to dr
The article by Myers and Sweeney (2007) provides an overview of the concept of wellness, its theoretic modeling, and its use in counseling practices. According to the authors, wellness can be described as an active process which involves making choices that are aimed at making one’s existence more successful (Myers & Sweeney, 2007). It can be understood as both involving the appropriate healing of the existing problems and taking care of oneself to avoid similar problems in the future and make one’s life healthier and spiritually fuller (Kwon, 2015; Myers & Sweeney, 2007). The authors describe a theoretical model of wellness proposed before. This model is labeled the Wheel of Wellness, and comprises spirituality (including the sense of meaning in life, as well as spiritual practices and beliefs) as its central element, and 12 other components (senses of control and worth; emotional responsiveness and self-control; realistic views; intellectual stimulation, creativity and the participation in problem-solving activities; physical exercise; sense of humor; appropriate nutrition; taking care of oneself; management of one’s stress; cultural identity; and, finally, gender identity) as “spokes” of the “wheel” (Myers & Sweeney, 2007, p. 1). This model was also employed to create a test evaluating the wellness of an individual; the Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle Inventory, abbreviated as WEL, was used for several years in order to further explore the construct of wellness and its underlying structure. The data gathered via the use of WEL was further considered through the use of statistical means such as the factor analysis. The analysis revealed a structure that was different from what was originally hypothesized; it was unveiled that spirituality was not central in the construct of wellness, as was initially believed. Instead, the new structure was comprised of a single, higher-order wellness factor, as well as of 5 second-order factors; the original 17 components of wellness were all confirmed to be third-order factors in this construct (Myers & Sweeney, 2007). After that, a new, evidence-based model of wellness was created; it g
Introduction: Same Old Story Complaints about the spoilt children of the next generation have been around since the beginning of time. Even though it might seem that the concerns about the spoilt generation have started to appear since the beginning of the XX century, every single generation is no stranger to the fear for children developing the wrong habits. As Socrates said in 400s BC (sic!), “Children now love luxury; they have bad manners, contempt for authority; they allow disrespect and love chatter in place of exercise. Children now are tyrants…” (Beck & Wade, 2006, 1). Thesis statement : because of the rapid changes that the world has gone through from 2000s to 2010s, as well as the increased effects of modern popular media, present-day children differ considerably from the ones from a decade ago; however, it would be wrong to claim that children’s behavior has become worse – it simply became different, with different values and different goals to strive for, whereas the nature of children themselves remains the same. In fact, the problem of children having behavioral issues that the adults are having hard times tackling is not new. It can be assumed that the given problem is recurrent, and that every generation experiences it at some point. Even though one might have thought that the problem of children becoming more out-of-hand and less driven than their parents presumably were as children has appeared comparatively recently, the issue is extremely old. Therefore, it is worth checking whether the kids of today
The Most Appealing Ideas Expressed by the Author In his book Technology – Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and Other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms , Willard Richardson raises the question of the role of technologies in contemporary education. Specifically, the author points out that technologies have seen rapid development over the course of the last several decades. However, the sphere of education has been rather slow at embracing the progress and innovations and adjusting to the changing world around. In his book, Richardson offers guidance and explanations to fellow educators as to the integration of digital technologies in the process of teaching. The author explores a variety of tools such as blogs, wikis, RSS, social bookmarking, online galleries, audio and video streaming, and social networks. Richardson provides a number of ideas concerning the application of all of these resources for the purpose of creating the innovative and interactive teaching process and the kind of learning that is connected to the students’ everyday lives. I found it interesting and important that the guidance in the book is suitable for both tech-savvy educators and their peers who are new to technologies. The author recognizes that not all teachers are equally open-minded when it comes to the use of technologies. Some are hesitant, reluctant, or even fearful to learn something so new because it seems extremely complicated and unconventional. In reality, the integration of technology is something that the sphere of education has never encountered before. As a result, all modern educators are faced with the need to embrace this extraordinary change or become outdated and outperformed by their more flexible colleagues. In that way, it can be stated that, in his book, Richardson attempts to provide all of his fellow educators with a simplified set of techniques and strategies that can help introduce digital technologies to their classrooms and improve the professional efficiency of his readers. The Implications of The Ideas in the Book for Me as an Educator Reading this book from the perspective of an educator, I noticed how meaningful its impact could be on the modern teachers of all specializations. To be more precise, in his book, Richardson emphasized the importance of the integration of Web 2.0 in everyday teaching practices and in every classroom. In reality, contemporary children start using digital technologies at a very young age. Consequently, they come to schools and kindergartens with a set of useful, practical tech skills that make them potentially efficient learners in classrooms equipped with digital devices and using the web and various applications for educational purposes. As a result, it is rather logical for the author to state that teachers should be able to meet the needs and capacities of their students and come prepared to deal with the tech-savvy generation. For man
The life of every person is full of different changes and very often we change our views by ourselves, but sometimes there are some events which cause these changes. So, the appropriate examples of this are the characters of Russian literature – Eugene Onegin, Tatyana Larina (“Eugenij Onegin” by A. Pushkin), and Bazarov (“Fathers and Sons” by I. Turgenev). All these characters pass through the complicated evolution of their inner world. The character of Onegin was the first example of “another person” in Russian literature. Later other writers concentrated on this problem and showed he whole epoch in social life of Russia. So, Pushkin tried to define the initial reasons of this phenomenon in the character of Onegin: shallow education, the imitation of European culture, conditionality and prejudice of life of the epoch, and laziness. The term “another person” includes the following characteristics: outstanding nature, critical thinking, striving for life sense understanding, disappointment, soul emptiness, and personal dramas. Eugene Onegin got the usual education for his time; he was good in many subjects such as Latin, history, and politics. Though the author does not pay much attention to this and says just that everybody liked Onegin because of his charm. Nevertheless Pushkin makes an accent on the intellectual abilities of the character. Onegin had a typical way of life: restaurants, theatres, walks and love adventures. That was the range of interests which made his life happy. He was really ill with the social disease of the epoch. Onegin is critical to himself and it is very important for the evolution of his character. He is bored of the entertainments he has everyday and he just wants to run away from this way of life. But Onegin’s fight against this world is passive. He meets love but he does not want to get it because he is sure that he is too much spoiled for the family life and he tries to reassure Tatyana that it is so. Nevertheless Eugene is honest and kind and he explains everything to her like a real gentleman. Then he loses his friend and love and all this because of his conditionality. Later
Promotions Benefits of biking Many people take biking as an outdoor activity of choice due to its many health benefits. Biking is free and it’s possible to ride anywhere without using money. As long as one has a bike, the activity can be carried out. Every part of the body is involved during cycling. Hence, contrary to the common perception that only legs are involved during biking, most muscles are worked out and this builds strength and tone. Biking is a good way to build stamina. It’s common for most people to ride longer than the previous time they were out. Other benefits of cycling include the following:   * Burning up of extra calories   * Reduction of stress   * Improvement of the health of the heart Basic gear needed Riding bike: the size of the bike should be selected carefully as well as the type. Frame size: the basic rule is that you should stand flat-footed over the frame of the bike with around 5 centimeters of space to spare. Seat positioning: should be done correctly to reduce strain on the knees Handlebars: weight should rest lightly on the handlebars The bike should be kept in a good condition to reduce accidents. The following should be checked before going out:   * Bolts and quick release levers on handlebars stem, axles, and seats should be checked to make sure that they are tight.   * The headset should not be tight.   * Brakes pads should not have any problem and should also not touch the rim unless during braking.   * Axles should not have loose bearings.   * Shift levers should be checked to ensure smooth and easy shifting.   * Derailleur’s movement should be right. Ideal outdoor location Biking is suitable for most locations. It’s good in urban settings as well as any other location. Assuming you are new in a town, it can be very rewarding and very explorative if you cruise around on a bike. You can cover longer distances and visit more places. The same case applies to exploring a forest or the shore. Unlike moving around in a car, biking allows you to interact with the surroundings more intimately. The ideal location for biking then is expansive places such as in a forest, parks, shores, and urban settings. Recreational providers There are many recreational providers offering biking outdoor activities in the US. The three that I have selected are as follows:   * Love Big Island: the company website based on the island of Hawaii. The company can be contacted by logging onto their website.   * Taos Webb: the company’s website and contact.   * Enjoy Burlington: the organization’s website and contact. Resources Biking is an extremely popular activity. As noted earlier, it has immense health benefits, as well as help, reduce stress. As a tourist, it’s better to move around on a bike as opposed to sightseeing in a car. Bikes allow you to meet inhabitants freely, feel and touch the surrounding, as well as hear the noises in the parks. However, biking should be done carefully to avoid accidents and attacks by animals. Recreational profile Love Big Island Services and products provided This company offers more than 20 outdoor a
Introduction Actually, Suffrage is the foundation of Democracy. Suffrage means the right to vote, it is a very valuable right of a citizen in a democratic setup. It is this right that enables the people to have a government of their own choice. Without such a right, the people are bound to be helpless and democracy loses all its meaning.These rights belong to the people by virtue of their membership of the state. The constitution of the US confers the right to vote upon no one. “That right comes to the citizens of the United States, when they possess it at all, under state laws, and as a grant of state sovereignty” (Charlton, July 1907). States establish for their own people the rules of suffrage ,and it is in state constitutions and laws, and in the decisions of state courts, that’s the rules and principles are to be looked for which govern such elections. Suffrage is never a necessary accompaniment of state citizenship, and the great majority of citizens are always excluded, and are represented by others at the polls. Sometimes, also, suffrage is given to “those who are not citizens; as, have merely declared their Intention to become citizens” (Blodgett, January 1889). The US constitution contains that Article I, section-4: “The times, places and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof…” (Washington, 1838, p.89). Another section of the same Article contains that-“………the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays…”(Madison, 1999, p.547). Article ii, Section 1 of the USA Constitution: “contains that the electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves…” Another Article -5 of the USA Constitution contains that –“…….no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.” Problem statements of the U.S. Suffrage From the above Articles which knowledge is derived, that is, if one state does not cast its vote to the senate, the senate can not do anything, because every state is the representative of that very state’s people. So, to use this right the federal government can do many things. But it is a very little because in the US original Constitution nothing contains about suffrage but the above. By various amendments, movements, special legislation and so on, it contains many provisions and sections which actually extend the role of the Federal government from the original intent of the US Constitution. These are especially as follows: To discuss about the suffrage, at first, which question arises that, why is during adopting the Constitution, the right
The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is an integral part of the theory of Social Constructivism, according to which the essence of qualitative dynamics within the society is environmentally rather than biologically predetermined. Albert Bandura is credited with having formulated the three main postulates of SCT, concerned with conceptualizing the nature of learning. They are as follows:   * Learning is a highly societal process, which implies that its outcome is strongly affected by the specifics of how a learner interacts with the surrounding social environment while gaining new knowledge. As Swearer, Wang, Berry, and Myers (2014) noted, “SCT proposes that there are a continuous interaction between the social environment (e.g., witnessing others’ behaviors), internal stimuli (e.g., cognitions and feelings), and behaviors” (p. 272).   * One’s likelihood to succeed in academic pursuits positively relates to the measure of the concerned person’s ‘self-efficacy’ (self-control, discipline). According to Burney (2008), “Those (learners) with high self-efficacy are more likely to set high goals for themselves, develop strong cognitive strategies for acquiring skills and knowledge, seek academic challenge, and persist in the face of difficulty” (p. 131).   * Learning is a rational pursuit, which means that for a particular educational strategy to prove effective, it must provide the targeted individuals with the circumstantially appropriate transactional incentives to invest a continual effort in studying. Probably the most effective of them is concerned with establishing the objective preconditions for learners to perceive one’s quest for knowledge as such that increases his or her value as the socially integrated being. As Phan and Ngu (2014) aptly observed, “It would be of beneﬁts for educators (affiliated with SCT) to encourage and cultivate the use and recognition of personal accomplishments in classroom learning” (p. 718). According to the theory’s advocates, to know something means to be able to apply theoretical knowledge in practice. This, of course, presupposes that academic knowledge does not represent the value of a ‘thing in itself. Instead of emphasizing the memorization of abstract facts, the practitioners of SCT stress the importance of endowing students with understanding the dialectical essence of the relationship between causes and effects within the methodological framework of a particular academic course. The theory’s yet another qualitative feature is that it presupposes that the nature of learners cannot be discussed outside of whatever happened to be the affiliated learning environment. The reason for this is that, as it was implied earlier, the conceptual paradigm of SCT is based on the assumption that the primary motivation for students to remain committed to studying is that they perceive the concerned pursuit as the instrument of increasing the measure of their social competitiveness. As Burney (2008) argued, “Students attend to another person’s actions and imitate (or not) the behaviors noted… Learners observe the success of
Introduction The short story, “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” is an interesting literary piece because it has many characters with multiple personalities. Arnold Friend stands out as the strangest character in the narrative because of his flamboyance and controversial relationship with the protagonist, Connie. This paper argues that he is a sociopath. It shows that he shares many similarities with some psychopathic people, such as Charles Schmid and Ted Bundy. Like these characters, he lures his victims through his charm and enthusiasm (these personality traits attract his victims). However, before he attacks them, he meticulously profiles and understands his targets. He is also careful about the words he tells them and how they perceive him. When he earns the victim’s trust, his real intentions emerge. This sequence of events shows that Arnold is like other sociopaths because they use the same tricks to kill their victims. To support this argument, this paper shows that, like most sociopaths, Arnold profiles, investigates, and kills his victims. This way, he is a psychopathic criminal. Victim Profiling Psychologists have varied definitions about the true definition of a sociopath. However, these villains have uninhibited and antisocial behaviors (that could potentially harm other people). Furthermore, they do not show remorse for their actions and derive pleasure from seeing their victims suffer. Arnold’s personality shows the characteristics of a psychopath. Oates (218) agrees with this fact because she compares his personality with known serial killers, such as Charles Schmid (the “Pied Piper of Tucson”). In fact, she based his character on the criminal. For example, like Schmid, Arnold’s victims were young and innocent girls. Both men also used similar objects (flashy cars) to lure their victims. Therefore, it is not a coincidence that they drove a gold-painted car. To choose the “right” victims, both men also hang out in restaurants and other places where girls frequent (Arnold picked up Connie in a drive-in restaurant). These behaviors show that Arnold (like Schmid) profiled his victim well before he made further moves to understand her family background (as shown below). Investigating Victims Many serial killers and sociopaths understand their victims. In fact, rarely do they attack people that they do not know. Based on this understanding, some experts say many rape and murder victims often know their adversaries (Rule 3). Arnold knew his victim (Connie) well. He told her details about he