ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Since time immemorial, music has been inseparable from the media. This is primarily due to the entertainment function of the media. Thus the media has always incorporated the function of entertaining its listeners in its programming. Despite the good intentions by the media in using music to reach the masses and ensure that they stay competitive, a number of, arguably, negative genres of music have found their way into television screens, and the radio. The fact that media owners and workers in media houses allow such music to be played in the radio and on the television tells so much about how the media perceives music. This paper is an in-depth analysis of the perception of the media towards music, and the extent to which the media has influenced kids by playing music. The media uses music for a variety of reasons. The chief reason comes from the fact that all business organizations are always aimed at making profit, and thus most of them use whatever means to achieve this objective. Thus the chief reason why the media uses music as part of its programming is because music has a lot of popularity with the masses and thus the use of music will enable them to reach the masses easily. This is because as people listen to the music being played in the television or radio stations, the media people can use this opportunity to pass commercial messages to the people, and thus be able to grow their clientele. The media has also used music as a commercial tool in promoting the music of certain artists. This is achieved by the media when it plays songs of certain unpopular artists so as to make them known to the public. The second reason why the media uses music is to entertain its listeners. It is common knowledge that every service-providing business organization strives to provide quality services to its clientele. The media, being no exception, designs programs that are meant to entertain their listeners so that the listeners can be contented with the services provided by the media organization. As part of the entertainment function, music is also used by the media between other programs in order to give a break to both the actors and the listeners. This way, the music enhances other programs, making them have a greater impact on their listeners. The use of music by the media, especially some genres of music, has had both positive and negative effects on kids. For instance, when kids listen to music, they get to learn many things, both positive and negative. Thus the kids are more informed if they listen regularly to the music played by the media. On the other hand, some music genres have counter-productive effects on kids. Music like hip-hop, rap, rock, etcetera, has been infamous for making kids develop negative morals by trying to emulate it. For instance, hip-hop, which mainly talks about unhealthy sexual relationships, is responsible for the alarmingly young age at which contemporary kids are being
Resistance refers to the process through which people refuse to conform to changes. They do not like the change because of different reasons. In most cases, resistance is because the change will alter the comfort of doing things. People do not fancy the idea of adopting new ways of life and doing something. For example, having to move from one office because of work reshuffle, work from that another office, and doing other duties that are not enjoyable, especially, if it happens more often than it should happen. Many do not like such ideas and will resist them. Below are ratings showing the indicators of preventing, minimizing, and tolerating resistance. Preventing resistance The organization prepares the employees for the upcoming changes.                                                                                                   To a great extent, almost not at all                                                                                                                                                                     5 4 3 21                             The organization appreciates the feelings of the employees and tries to find out how they will cope with changes. They use questionnaires to get this information.  5 4 3 2 1                            The organization makes several changes together                                                                                                                     5 4 3 21                             The organization appreciates the opinion of their employees and encourages them to take part in the change.                                                         5 43 2 1                             The organization cares only about the information to give the participants.                                                                                         54 3 2 1                             Employees feel that it is their fault; the organization thought of installing changes.                                                                              5 4 3 2 1                            The managing director of the organization does care about the opinion of others.                                                                                    5 4 3 21                             Preventing resistance total: 20 out of 35 points                                                                                                                    High MediumLow                       The level                                                                                                                                                                                                 Minimizing resistance The organization works hard to iden
Case summary The case study provides a background discussion about Twitter, social networking sites. Twitter allows users to “tweet” a 140-character text to their followers. The company was established in 2006 as a stand-alone company by the Odeo Podcasting Company. The executives of Odeo saw Twitter as an alternative source of new revenues (Laudon and Laudon, 34). The number of individual tweets is unknown. However, experts estimated that Twitter recorded 200,000 tweets per hour in 2009 during the much-publicized Iranian rebellion. In addition, experts observe that 10% of tweeter users generate 80% of the tweets on Twitter. On top of these, the Twitter churn rate is estimated to be 60%. This implies that only 40% of Twitter users use it for more than one month. Twitter is used to connect people through social tweets. In addition, it is used as a celebrity platform and a free public relations tool. Just like the other giant social networks, these services are free of charge. Then, how does Twitter generate its revenues? The answer to this question is unknown. The case study identifies three assets Twitter can use to generate its revenues. These assets include eyeballs per day, tweets’ database, and news distribution platform. The case study goes ahead to discuss how these assets can be monetized. First, it suggests that Twitter should charge for video and music downloads. This will require a user to pay subscription fees for such services. However, this option is not tenable because Twitter users are currently used to free services. Secondly, Twitter can sell display or text ads on individual tweets or charge advertisers for ad messages on individual tweets. Finally, Twitter can consider charging companies to use its big data database. Twitters business model The business m
The author of the case study discusses a popular television series Beavis and Butthead . In particular, the writer examines the possible influence of this behavior of children and adolescents. For instance, one can mention that this show has affected the language of many Americans because it gave rise many new words that can be viewed as obscene or at least very vulgar. Secondly, the creators of this cartoon have often been accused of promoting deviant behavior among adolescents. For example, media reporters have found connection between this television series and the dangerous actions of some underage viewers such as Aaron Messner who set his family’s trailer on fire. It is believed that his behavior is directly influenced by this animation series. Moreover, reporters believe that there are other violent incidents that can also be attributed to Beavis and Butthead . This is why the cartoon was criticized by the press. Currently, this show continues to be aired on MTV; however, it is no longer broadcast at 7 p. m. Moreover, MTV is obliged to warn viewers that the behavior of Beavis and Butthead should not be emulated in any way. Overall, this case raises several ethical questions that are related to the education of children as well as the role of media in the modern society. The most important issue is the responsibility of the mass media and those people who work in this area. Certainly, it is not possible to prove that Beavis and Butthead should be blamed for every form of misconduct among children or adolescents. However, this show may promote deviancy and it can make dangerous behavior more acceptable. Thus, one has to determine whether the activities of mass media should be regulated in any way. The second issue that can be even more important is the responsibility of parents who often accuse mass media of corrupting their children, but very often they do not do anything to minimize the negative influence of such cartoons as Beavis and Butthead . For instance, Aaron Messner could be watching MTV alone and one can reasonably ask why parents did not ask what he had been watching. There are other questions that can be strongly connected to the case. One of them is the role that media and art play in the modern community. Very often, films, cartoons and video clips are aimed at highlighting the negative aspects of the society, but the creators can unwillingly glorify violence, especially when viewers cannot see the irony that of the film-makers. Finally, some attention should be paid to the role of government that should be more concerned with moral and intellectual education of the new generation. These are the main issues that one can identify in this case study. The issues mentioned in the case study called for some actions. First of all, one can that mass media companies were declared to be responsible for the misbehavior of children or teenagers. Therefore, these organizations had t
Introduction Human resources (HR) managers are the professionals who oversee the hiring of employees in an organization. The ability of an organization to attract people with relevant skills is dependent on the strategies that are used by the HR manager. In the education sector, teachers are vital because without them the learning process would not take place. When it comes to the hiring of teachers for kindergarten level, the HR manager should be careful in selecting the potential candidates. Early childhood is important because it is at this level that the foundation of learning is established. The teachers who educate young learners have more demanding roles than their counterparts who teach learners in higher grades because the former can hardly communicate efficiently. This is because apart from being the children’s teacher, he/she assumes the role of a parent. Therefore, not every teacher can teach at kindergarten level because the children view him/her as their guardian, and a lot of commitment is required. Recruitment Procedures and Qualifications To begin with, the HR should analyze the papers of the applicants to shortlist the ones who qualify for this job. In the US, the minimum entry point for kindergarten teachers is a diploma in early childhood education, but most public schools prefer the teachers who hold a degree of the same course (Hatch, 2005). The requirements vary from one school to another, but the determining factor is whet
Introduction Tamara Thompson is an editor and author with interests in diverse subjects, such as popular works, interpretations, criticisms, and juvenile works. She has done more than 58 publications. In “How stores spy on you”, there is a detailed account on how various shopping outlets use technology to monitor their customers’ shopping habits. The article relates to the privacy controversy that is a major issue in the most parts of the world. Secret monitoring is unacceptable since surveillance is a crucial violation of citizens’ rights. However, the author points out that several shopping stores use various technologies to retrieve consumer data discretely without the consumers’ consent. Consequently, shopping stores in the United States should respect the privacy of their customers and allow the customers to shop without the fear that people are monitoring them secretly. Summary Although surveillance is crucial in shopping outlets, retailers should not use surveillance technologies to monitor their customers for other reasons. The author begins by acknowledging that retailers always monitor their consumers as they shop or surf for various items over the Internet. The article (“How stores spy on you”, 2015) points out that some of the personal details used by walk-in retailers to classify their customers include ethnicity, sex, age, mood, and body language. The retailers may also pry into their customers’ bank account details. The main purpose of prying into customers’ identities, socioeconomic statuses, and their shopping habits is to find ways of convincing them to spend more in the stores. The article suggests (“How stores spy on you.”, 2015) that the main reason many individuals are unaware of retail outlets spying on their customers is due to poor disclosure by the retailers. The author also argues (“How stores spy on you.”, 2015) that the retailers exploit the customers’ failure to understand application privacy policies or the terms and conditions set by banks and retailers. Customers who agree to such terms give the retailers the freedom to spy on them as they shop in the retail outlets. The article discusses several surveillance technologies used in monitoring customers, how the technologies work, how customers can benefit from such technologies, and some of the retailers who use such technologies. Some of the methods used to monitor customers include: Spy cameras The article notes (“How stores spy on you.”, 2015) that shopping stores install video cameras all over their shops to capture details about the customers and activities in the stores without their consent or knowledge. For instance, the cameras may monitor what specific cus
Introduction Industry attractiveness and profitability depends on many varied factors. Change in the business environment or industry trends necessarily affect a company’s profitability and consequently the future of the company (Macclintock, 2010, p. 48). This report looks into changes that have been happening in the airline industry and how the same are likely to affect the future of Relaxing Travel or any other travelling agent in Britain. From discussion in this report, on the changes in the travel industry, it will become clear that the travel agency has to work hard and re-invent self or be faced out of the industry. Changes and How they affect the Future Relaxing Travel Agency Relaxing Travel relies on other companies to provide charter flights for its customers. The company leverages on block bookings of hotels and resorts to make its money. Secondly, the company thrives on charter flight discounts enjoyed. Resulting from economic downturn in the UK, the fortunes in the sector have plummeted as buyers and suppliers seek out new avenues of saving on their meager resources or cost cutting. For instance, rather than customers or travelers using travel agents, they personally book their accommodation via the internet and seek cheaper travel options while personally engaging budget airlines. Although, this has resulted from the economic downturn and need to save on costs, customer turned competitor of sorts is a likely result of this new development (Gitman &McDaniel, 2008, p. 111). Through trial and error, as customers seek cheaper options and thus create their own packages, there is every threat that some of them could plunge into the travel agency business having learnt the ropes of finding best packages. Based on Porter’s five forces model of industry attractiveness and profitability, the fact that customer’s can create their own package means the threat of new entrants in the sector is very high. What the agency should brace for, even when the economic prospects or fortunes of Britain are to become brighter, the firm would still have to contend with increase competition posed by new entrants or customers charting their own packages. Increasingly, as well, scheduling flights has become a challenge that travel agents have to contend with or handle. This scenario has evolved due to increasing industrial relations related problems in airlines and environmental challenges. Airlines have faced numerous employee related problems. News of British airline customers striking or threatening to strike has been a common feature. Environmental related challenges have also made air travel uncertain in many ways. For instance, the volcanic ash last illustrated clearly how environmental challenges can impact on and inconvenience travel agents due to airlines not operating. Going into the future, with threats of global warming and climate change being evidenced, the climate is likely to continue affecting heavily the operations of travel agencies. The impact of the environmental challenges does not only remain at the level of affecting air
The summarized article, Getting Beyond “Show Me the Money”: An Interview with Andris Zoltners , by Daniel McGinn talks about salesforce compensation and notable changes over the year. Excessive or low incentivization of major products is common, leading to misallocated sales force attempts. Underpayment; overpayment for territories and not talents; and setting goals or quotas too low or too high, leading poor outcomes are notable mistakes. Analytics allows measurement of territorial performance using available data and determining potential impacts on new strategies on performance and revenues. Notably, changes in compensation structure aim to address emerging needs. Nevertheless, underpayment and overpayment are common, leading to dissatisfaction. Employers should note that various pay plans have inherent weaknesses due to wrong choices on pay plans among employees and overpayment. Additionally, many firms may not actually comprehend the extent of leverage in their incentive plans due to ‘free sales’ (automatic sales from past efforts), leading ‘hidden salary’ (paid incentive for near-automatic sales). Still, too complicated pay plans force different managers to strive for the same sales force attention with different brands, leading to too many complex objectives. Attitude or quality changes are noted in multigenerational differences: millennials need work-life balance, constant feedback, and technologies; baby boomers focus on retirement; others need financial security. Pay plans need to accommodate these diverse needs. Salaries already cover sales activities, which are difficult to measure and often lead to quantity rather than quality. Hence, pay on activities is challenging, while specific causality (no pay) and measurability (difficult) describe the problem of disintermediation. No single pay structure can work across the world because of the various tax system and cultures. Global incentive-compensation frameworks are advised. There are no changing sales methodologies. Rather, it is the same concept packaged differently, but the focus should be on customer uniqueness. A bad sales manager can ruin a whole territory. Notably, compensation is part culture, but analytics will gain traction in the big
Introduction Since times immemorial, art has been a way of reflecting and interpreting the reality surrounding people in their daily life. In order to comprehend the reality in all its variety, artists have striven to depict as many objects and phenomena as they could only find. One of the most intriguing subjects for reflecting upon via art is human being, and this fact is confirmed by the vast amount of works of art depicting people. In painting, portrait as a way of contemplation on the human nature has enjoyed enormous popularity for centuries on end. Artists of various époques, styles, and nationalities have depicted people of all possible ages, social backgrounds, and occupations. Among portraits, the genre of self-portrait appears most attractive due to the specific quality of the artist’s self-reflection present in the paintings. The present paper focuses on the works of one of the most famous portraitists in Baroque period, Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669), whose oeuvre cannot be imagined without a multitude of his self-portraits. Against the background of the general popularity of portraits in the seventeenth century, the gallery of Rembrandt’s self-portraits stands out as an exciting encyclopedia of the evolution in the artist’s personality. This artistic transformation can be observed through tracing the changes in the elements of the techniques, the style, and the tone in Rembrandt’s paintings. The art of portrait in Baroque After the rejection of any individualism and the resulting oblivion of the portrait genre in the art of the Dark Ages, the era between the late Middle Ages and the seventeenth century celebrated the renascence of portraiture. The commonly known anthropocentrism that dominated the Renaissance art resulted in a dramatic increase in the artists’ interest to human personality, which in its turn found reflection in the genre of portrait. Creatively responding to the growing popularity of portrait, artists elaborated on the genre; as a result, a whole range of sub-genres emerged, featuring “full-length portrait”, “three-quarter-length portrait”, and various kinds of “head-and-shoulder portrait”. [1] Within those sub-genres, different poses and positions of the sitters were practised, with the most widespread being the “profile view”, the “three-quarters view”, the “half-length” and the frontal, or “full-face view” (Schneider 6). In addition to developing variations within the genre of portrait, by the seventeenth century artists had sufficiently expanded the range of their subjects, depicting not only the aristocracy and the clergy, but also members of many other social groups. “Merchants, craftsmen, bankers, humanist scholars and artists” themselves sat for portraits and thus appeared in the public eye (Schneider 6). The latter addition to the subject range appears especially revealing for our discussion, since it means that artists started to openly depict themselves and thus emphasize their own social significance. The tendency to individualism and personal id