ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Effective maintenance of environmental ethics is one of the main pillars that support harmonious existence of organisms within an ecosystem. However, this view has been affected by the practice of anthropocentrism which purports that human being is the most valuable and important factor in the universe. It is without doubt that while anthropocentrism is widely supported as a major resource for human beings, it has significant implications. 1 I fully agree with the latter perspective since the attitude which the idea of anthropocentrism creates gives human beings the potential to exploit resources. This is perhaps the main reason why there is widespread and unsustainable system of resource exploitation which has resulted into massive extinction of animals such as Great Auk and Dodo among others. In addition, this form of exploitation has led to massive degradation of biological resources. In spite of the general consensus that anthropocentrism is unacceptable, it is agreeable that weak anthropocentrism is quite critical since it provides a platform that enables attainment of robust environmental ethics. In addition, it eliminates the incongruity of ascribing intrinsic worth on non-human subjects as explored in this paper. It is against this backdrop that this paper seeks to critically analyze the perceived inconsistencies of both strong anthropocentrism and weak anthropocentrism. Additionally, the paper will discuss alternative paradigms of weak anthropocentrism and explain how it enables realistic achievement of environmental ethics. Anthropocentrism It is a fact that the past, present and future welfare of human beings can never be separated from their relationship with the natural environment bearing in mind that both of these two aspects are interdependent. The current practice that supports the implementation of anthropocentrism has raised numerous concerns and questions on how best human beings should relate with their environment. McNab indicates that this creates multiple ethical frameworks. 2 It is important to highlight that anthropocentrism offers an approach which suggests that human beings should be in control of nature. This goes against non-anthropocentric paradigms and related conceptual counterparts that suggest that there is need to appreciate nature. Moreover, according to the arguments posed by Pluhar, it can be attained through the processes of deep ecology, ecocentrism and biocentism. 3 Pluhar further indicates that there are ardent supporters of non-anthropocentrism and anthropocentrism who espouse those that critic, point out their flaws and oppose their tenet flaws. It is indeed plausible to mention the fact that anthropocentrism exclusively adheres to human perspective of pleasure and happiness. According to an analysis by conducted by Wolloch, it is evident that non-human animals as well as the non-human world are largely concerned with the production of human resources and factors of instrumental value. 4 One would agree with the widespread and strong rejection of this view by animal liberation groups led by Tom
Business Requirements Document Background information of the company Designing quality Information Systems (IS) is an integral element that institutions must adopt. The designing process entails securing viable and superior operating provisions (including IT software) to streamline the integration processes. Project managers in the Data Company should understand their roles in executing the implementation of new IT systems. This is to ensure that the project design initiatives are sustainable. They should identify and put in place requisite infrastructure, human capital, and development of performance-oriented policies to guide the implementation process. Indeed, the project scope is to cover the implementation of the new IT systems in data Collection Company to aid operations. The required software is set to enable the company to meet its clients’ needs by enhancing effectiveness and efficiency in data management. It seeks to align the company’s processes with the modern business operating guidelines that are quality-oriented. The scope also covers the implementation of the new system, the adoption of the best business practices, and enhancement of resource capacity. Speculation as to how to control the scope The project’s wide scope of operation will be achieved progressively within the set timelines by the coordinators. This is to ensure that the core objectives are met adequately to facilitate effective data collection, processing, storage and distribution to clients. The management has put in place viable control protocols to facilitate effective execution of the project’s activities (Shelly & Rosenblatt, 2010). In particular, the scope will be controlled through formulation of viable operating policies, development of proper timelines, setting of realistic goals, software procurement authentication process, and hiring of proficient system administrator. The controls are to eradicate possible wastages of resources and time, facilitate accountability, ensure strict adherence to the development procedures, and integrate quality software(s). Possible risks, constraints, and assumptions. The implementation or integration of new IT systems in institutions requires proper planning, coordination, and acquisition of the right software(s). This is to ensure that every activity is undertaken within the scope of operation. As indicated, the project may face the risk of poor planning and assembling of the chosen software duet to its expanded scope. The scope requires more time to aid the procurement of quality infrastructure and strategic planning. This is not achievable within the time that the company expects it to be operational. This may pose a serious risk that may compromise the expected quality standards (Shelly & Rosenblatt, 2010). Major constraints appertain to lack of adequate resources including monetary provisions and IT specialists. The realization of the absolute scope of the project requires immense resources that most companies are deficient of. Key assumption is that, the project would only succeed or meet its target if proper planning is executed, right softwa
Introduction Right kind of advertisement targeting the right people at the right time is the call of today’s marketing world and consumer market. Today companies are not only relying on domestic market but also venturing into international market for reasons that are but obvious – increase in profit, growth, share, brand recognition. For this they need the right kind of advertising and distribution of their products globally taking into account following factors:   * Local consumption behavior;   * Local purchasing power. The brand name that has been considered for the scope of this paper is Virgin Group. Virgin Group is a business conglomerate, which has 200+ companies and several brands under the parent company. It has more than 50,000 employees spread across 29 countries and a revenue generation of more than £5 billion. Virgin Group is synonymous with Richard Branson who is the chairman and owner of Virgin Group – UK’s one of the most well known diversified business group. Branson is a prominent business figure in UK and is popular for his own crazy way of taking risks and promoting his brands. His eccentric publicity stunts and flashy lifestyle has made Virgin Group what it is today. The way a brand is built and nurtured, determines how much robust and sturdy it will be in disturbed phases. Brand building has a significant share of advertisements and promotional activities but is in no way limited to it. It is a sum total of various other activities and efforts. At times the marketers go a step ahead and create ads to attract attention but end up becoming centres of problems and ruin the brand’s image (Messner and Oca. 2005, 1897). Virgin History and major events Year  Events                                                                           1972  Launched itself with a music record shop                                         1984  Virgin Atlantic Airways started between London and New York                      1986  Became a Listed Company                                                          1991  Virgin Record Company sold off to help the airlines business survive             1994  Virgin Cola and Virgin Vodka Launched                                            1995  Acquired MGM                                                                     1999  Sold 49% stake in Virgin Airways; also virgin mobile phones launched in UK       2001  Mobile Phone services launched in Singapore                                      2004  Launched Virgin Galactic – first Commercial Space Tourism Business ever launched  Major Advertising Strategies adopted by advertising firms and there relevance in Virgin Group:   * Acquisition and Mergers: Virgin has entered the Russian Broadband market with ‘Virgin Connect’ which is operated by ‘Trivon’. This is a merger between Virgin Group and local operator Trivon.   * Foreign Direct Investment: Virgin Group has invested in a low cost Malaysian Airlines called AirAsia X that began operating from 2007, where it holds 20% stake.   * Global Presence: Virgin Group has started a radio station in Fr
Currently, the world community is rethinking the problems of a multinational state in the context of measures that can stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus on the planet. The tension of the situation inside America is due to the fact that the problems associated with minorities have worsened, which violates the state of stable civilizational development. As a result of the pandemic, the state’s role in solving global problems has increased, particularly regarding the social issues of minority inequality and environmental racism. A social class is a large group of people who occupy similar positions in the economic structure of society. Various kinds of differences cause the social inequality of classes between these groups. These differences lie in the nature and amount of ownership of the means of production and goods manufactured, and the level of material well-being. Social class is measured by determining the position of an individual relative to the poverty line (Rossen et al., 2021). This position is determined by the household income ratio to the national average or by meeting basic needs, including social and envir
Yoga is a concept that signifies a set of spiritual, mental, and physical practices aimed at managing the cognitive and physiological functions of the body. Practicing this sport allows one to broaden the horizons, change the habitual way of life, and eliminate harmful patterns that negate the efforts. That is why yoga is considered the most effective practice of self-development that has unique benefits for health, both physical and psychological. There are numerous varieties of modern yoga; despite the dissimilarities, they are grounded on shared parts: body postures, breathing exercises, and spiritual contemplation. The combination of exercises that train the body and soul has unique health benefits. It strengthens muscles, increases flexibility, and enhances mental soundness. Moreover, yoga classes have enormous therapeutic potential and preventive effects. Studies involving patients with various musculoskeletal conditions have indicated that yoga helps to reduce pain and improve joint mobility (Saeed et al., 2019). Breathing exercises relax the muscles that constrict the airways and strengthen oxygen diffusion, leading to better lung function. One of the chief yoga concepts is the “eight limbs,” which consists of alternating stages for achieving a state of enlightenment. Eight steps are a prerequisite for everyone to feel connected to the world. Through these practices, one learns to control one’s actions, accept all hardships calmly, and find compromises. The ultimate goal of the methodology is to learn to find a balance between one’s own and the world’s values and understand that each person has an essential mission in the community. It significantly affects an individual’s social well-being as it seeks to bring body, mind, and soul into unison (Saeed et al., 2019). The balance of these essential elements ensures a healthy and harmonious personality, activates energy potential, and prevents psychological stress. In conclusion, yoga is essential for promoting health and combating social isolation and depression. It can be used for physical development, healing, and emotional restoration. Yoga is based on a holistic approach that helps the whole body return to a normal state. It makes it an indispensable and beneficial self-development practice for the health of both adults and children. Reference Saeed, S. A., Cunningham, K., & Bloch, R. M. (2019). Depression and anxiety disorders: benefits of exercise, yoga, and meditation. American family physician , 99 (10), 620-627.
The age of sixteen is characterized by personal anxiety of teenager which acquires its specific display in his or her conduct. The personal anxiety is a mixture of inherent psychological determinants and external conditions. While psychological determinants comprise the characteristics of the emotional sphere of the teenager, his or her attitude to oneself and interpersonal needs, the external conditions are presented by social and psychological characteristics like gender, social status in the system of education and the status in the group of pupils. All these factors are to be closely considered when dealing with the problems that 16 years old Fai faced with. Accessing and helping the client will be based on the family systems therapy as the main approach and person-centered therapy and behavioral therapy as the assisting ones. The approaches chosen presuppose that the therapy is conducted in terms of close contact with the client and the obligatory assistance of his mother, the teachers’ active participation in the helping the boy is also preferred. Only when these circumstances are considered the client may be sufficiently helped. The present situation with the boy’s case looks like the following. Fai’s conduct is not approved by the school: the absent rate is too high and the level of academic performance is low. The relationships between Fai, his teacher and classmates leave much to be desired. The situation has worsen when Fai was suspected in having stolen the classmate’s money and was punished by the teacher last year. Fai’s father died two years ago what increased the boy’s tragic assumption of the outside world. When the boy comes home he sees his mother with a strange man whom he does not like, this person will never substitute his father and the boy is reluctant to understand his mother’s love. The only remedy that the boy finds in his situation is playing online games overnight. The computer addiction does not influence positively the boy’s health and behavior. He is so absorbed in the virtual reality that he does not want to accept the laws of the real life: he refuses to have lunch and dinner and he continues to play truant from school for a week already. The situation aggravates because the boy does not realize his problem and is reluctant to adjust to the changes that the school and the mother offer him. The goals of the therapies applied consist in the following. The general target of helping the boy is to nurture the change in the boy’s life and modify the priorities of his self-development. This will be done through increasing the sense of the boy’s family’s inter-connection and belonging, through encouraging the individuation of every family member. Other goals are to increase Fai’s self-esteem and greater openness to the school experience as well as to the relationships with his mother. It will be done through fostering the client’s agreement between his idealized and actual selves, better self-und
Components of Effective Oral Communication Using extemporaneous method for an oral presentation is quite useful because of the way the message sent to the audience is delivered. When an oral presenter shows some degree of care about his audience by the manner through which he structures his oral presentation, their attention is drawn towards the points being passed and the intended target of the oral communication is reached (Rowe, 2006). In spite of the impromptu method being a method of delivering an oral presentation, it is however characterized by poor organization and incompetence. This does not work to draw the audience to the points being passed as the manner in which the oral presentation is delivered suggests that the oral presenter is indifferent to their feelings. The reading method is also quite effective in delivering an oral presentation as it ensures that an oral presenter provides accurate information or points in an area where he or she lacks expertise. However, using it for an oral presentation displays the lack of knowledge of the oral presenter to the audience (Snyder, Salanitro, Estrada, Centor, & Castiglioni, 2011). Memorization method can be quite effective in delivering an oral presentation as it involves an oral presenter mastering all the key points to be delivered. However, the method is not effective because the occasions may arise where he or she forgets the points to be given and resorts to the impromptu method (Newman, 2014). Why the Methods Are Beneficial Reasons for delivering an oral presentation vary for different occasions and situations. One may give an oral presentation for the purposes of educating, entertaining, or inspiring. The purpose of an oral presentation helps an oral presenter in structuring the points or topics of his or her presentation (Elfering, Grebner, & Wehr, 2012). Moreover, selecting an appropriate method for an oral presentation assists an oral presenter in choosing and limiting the subject or points to be passed (McBurney & White, 2010). This is beneficial to an oral presenter as it determines accurately the topic and subject area to be addressed. There are situations where the subject in question may be too broad to present within the allocated time, therefore reviewing the topic may assist in selecting and limiting the subject points to be discussed. In addition, the methods are also beneficial because they help an oral presenter in creating a speech outline as well as in performing practices before delivering the oral speech to ensure that accuracy and quality are achieved during the entire process (Krizan, 2011).
Introduction Heartney (16) defines postmodernism as an era that followed modernism. In the field of art, there has been a massive change that has taken place, ranging from pre-modernism, modernism and finally postmodernism. According to Grenz (78), art has experienced changes in line with the changing world. This scholar holds that these changes are a reflection of the actual changes taking place within society. There are several artists who have made remarkable contributions to the development of art to what it is currently. Brewer (82) says that for change to be real and effective there must be agents of change. These agents would commit to bringing positive changes to a given field. Their work would define the future of that field. This is the case within this field. Various artists have heavily contributed to the development of art through their unique approach to this field. These are individuals who have helped shape postmodernism in this field through a noble course that has seen them come up with new approaches and techniques in this field. Joseph Beuys, Maria Kozic, and Cindy Sherman are some of the postmodern artists who have highly been lauded to have had positive contributions in this field. This research will be discussing postmodernism, with focus on the works of the above-named artists. Post Modernism Postmodernism is a term used in various fields, including in art. In the field of art, postmodernism refers to the new approaches that were taken by modern artists as the world experienced various changes. The reason why this is referred to as postmodernism and not just modernism is an issue that is open to further discussion. Bertens (89) explains that the name postmodernism was adopted because when art changed from the old age to the middle age, it was referred to as modernism. Therefore, there was a need to distinguish the developments that took place after this. The name ‘postmodernism was considered appropriate for this. Postmodernism had agents who ensured that it was implemented smoothly. To have a deeper understanding of postmodernism, the research will focus on the works of Joseph Beuys, Maria Kozic, and Cindy Sherman. Joseph Beuys and Postmodernism Joseph Beuys was a German performance artist, a sculptor, a graphic artist, installation artist, art theorists among other fields in art. Beuys had a massive contribution to art through his radical policies and the skilled approach he took when handling issues of art. Beuys was a staunch advocate for human rights. Most of his work was based on the concept of social philosophy humanism and anthroposophy (Docherty 117). He believed that every human being had hi
Introduction Some essential practices are carried out before starting a new business to establish if the business idea is sensible and to evaluate the required capital needed to start the business. It also helps identify the length in which the business will begin to show profit. Bringing together in-depth business plan needs a significant investment of time, so it is very important to investigate the feasibility of business idea and to establish if it has a value. Feasibility study is the initial stage a person pursues before producing a complete business plan (Reuvid, 201, p. 135). A feasibility study is applied to analyze the probability of the business idea being effective and the business plan uses the data received in the feasibility study to demonstrate the way the business will function, market, develop, and create income. The business plan must come after the feasibility study and if the projected business idea is not feasible, a person must progress the business plan until he or she revises the business idea. The business plan is often used as a tool to portray completely the business and its fiscal projections. Purpose of Feasibility Study and Business Plan A feasibility study offers an impression of the major factors of the business idea to investigate if it is appropriate and practical, and to establish any issues that may build or damage the undertaking. This study examines the market area, the prospective business form, the provision of products, and advanced financial features such as the accessibility of capital and prospective proceeds on venture (Reuvid, 201, p. 135). The feasibility analysis addresses different settings for the function of the business and provides all the benefits and drawbacks to establish the effective and reliable options. For instance, if a person arranges to commence a business that offers the products related to clothing, the study establishes if the products will sell better online or in a local store setting. After the feasibility analysis is performed and the projected idea is feasible, the person should apply this information to gather his or her complete business plan. This report or plan offers an efficient direction or path for establishing the venture and contains a description of the situation that has been chosen from those enclosed and described in the feasibility study. It describes issues like the potential business model, projected possession, and legal structure, and the idea for execution (Gartner and Bellamy, 2008, p. 242). Structure of Feasibility Study and Business Plan A feasibility plan has a structure that contains aspects of the product or service and the rationale that offers how person anticipate customers to buy this product or service. It examines the materials applied to produce the item or the procedure by which the person obtains the product or service for sale. A feasibility study determines the mass and features of the projected market, the key players and all pr