ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Burt Rutan is an aeronautical engineer. He is an American and was born on 17th June 1943 in Estacada, Oregon. He grew up in Dinuba, California. His passion for aircraft design began early in his life and he started designing model planes (Hennigan 1). He went to California Polytechnic State University to study aeronautical engineering. In 1965 he attained a BS degree in aeronautical engineering. Moreover, Rutan has six honorary doctorates: Doctoral of Science from Daniel Webster College in 1987, Honorary Doctor of Science from California Polytechnic University in 1987, Doctoral of Humanities from Lewis University in 1988, Doctoral of Technology from Delft University of Technology in 1990, Honorary Doctoral of Engineering from University of Illinois in 2006, and an Honorary Doctoral Degree from the Free University of Brussels in 2007 (Burt Rutan 1). He designed several planes during the 45 years he was active before he retired in April 2011. He developed 367 individual designs and out of those 45 flew a remarkable achievement for the aeronautical maverick engineer. He made a significant contribution to the aviation industry that has left a lasting legacy (Hennigan 1). After his graduation, he worked as a flight tester engineer for Edwards Air Force Base and worked in various projects (Hennigan 1). Later he relocated to Mojave and started Rutan Aircraft Factory. He used a $15,000 loan that his father gave him. He wanted to build small planes that were different from other planes already built. Furthermore, Rutan opened shop inside Mojave airport. He continued working on his plane designs and in 1975 he developed VariEze, an aircraft that looked like a rocket ship and recorded success with the model. “He later developed another aircraft called Long EZ that had the double distance endurance of 2, 010 miles than VariEze” (Hennigan 1). The planes designed by Rutan are efficient and simple to assemble. His brand stands for efficiency and also for innovation. In 1982, Rutan founded Scaled Composites LLC Company. The goal of the company was to research and design planes both for commercial and government clients. He designed Voyager, a plane that flew around the world and did not stop to refuel. The plane was flown by Dick his brother. Voyager design and success was a milestone in the aviation industry (Hennigan 1). Moreover, he designed Virgin Atlantic Globalflyer that performed better than the Voyager and went around the earth in a shorter time. Through his company, he designed several planes that have left a legacy in the aviation industry. Moreover, he designed a one-passenger sport airplane and called the prototype model Rutan model 49. Later he improved the model and came up with Quickie Rutan model 54 that had two seats. He also designed another plane for Sailplane Homebuilders Association called model 77 Solitaire, and it won a competition in a home built sailplane category. He also got involved in designing research planes, for instance, the Lotus Microlight aircraft, Ames AD-1. He also designed a hybr
Introduction In April 1963, Negro demonstrations took place in Birmingham under the leadership of Martin Luther King. Eight clerics from different religions issued an open letter to King asking him to stop the demonstrations. In their message, they advocated obedience to court decisions on racial issues, criticized visitors for organizing demonstrations, and praised the “calm actions” of the police and authorities during them. Luther refused to end the peaceful demonstrations and was sent to prison, where he wrote his answer to the clergymen. His speech Letter from Birmingham Jail had an immense impact on the Civil Rights movement and the issue of racial discrimination in America. Main body In his speech, King used a variety of rhetorical techniques to convince not only the clergymen but the rest of the American people too. He expertly appeals to ethos with credibility, pathos for emotions, and logos as reasoning. With these tools, King succeeded in conveying his idea of injustice towards the Black people to Americans, thus gaining the necessary support for the Civil Rights movement. Different forms of rhetorical appeal helped him to provide strong argumentation with both factual and subjective information, which only served to increase the credibility of his speech. In this part of his speech, he applies parallelism: “When you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will; when you have seen hate-filled policemen kill your black brothers and sisters?” (2). There, he continues to use “when you” to highlight the myriad ways the Blacks are mistreated by society. This expert use of such symbolic tool as parallelism truly gets the audience, as it emphasizes the endless struggle the Blacks have to face. Moreover, the repetition provides a feeling as if it is something common for them, a routine they have no choice but to endure. Then, there are brilliant metaphors in King’s writing, such as “the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society” (2). With this metaphor, King beautifully creates a mental image for his audience – a picture of oppression that never ends. The Blacks have to watch helplessly as the White people get all the freedoms and privileges simply because they have the “right” skin color, while the Blacks have no hope of getting any. In addition, his metaphor of an airtight cage works as a representation of the dehumanization of the Blacks as animals without any rights to claim. It is easy to see King’s argumentation as more credible and strong than the claims of the clergymen because he has more than enough personal experience of the oppression the Blacks suffer from. His flawless use of metaphors and parallelism allows the reader or the audience to empathize with King and support him in his fight against racial
In this paper, PESTEL, SWOT, and Five Forces analyses, as well as VRIO framework, will be used to evaluate the company both on the internal and external levels. PESTEL Analysis The political factors that can influence the company are the following: political stability or instability, legal support of globalization (support from the government), and any political barriers that prevent Facebook from expanding in other markets (e.g. Asian). It is evident that the social network has the power in supporting and spreading different information, thus directly influencing the political landscape of countries (e.g. the elections in the USA, the series of terrorist attacks in Europe, etc.). The company is interested in the political stability of developed countries since any instability can interfere with Facebook’s function (Facebook is banned in North Korea). If a government supports globalization, the company will easily expand and promote its products and services towards the population (Horst and Miller 55). The economic factors are these: stable economies in developed countries (present opportunities), economic growth in developed countries, and increasing incomes. All of the mentioned factors are opportunities for the company: stable economies will let the company expand, and the economic growth and raised incomes will allow users from developed countries purchase products and services. Social changes present a variety of opportunities. First, users demand more quality services, which gives Facebook the possibility to review the quality standards. Second, users become more interested in online shopping, which can help the company gain additional profits by selling Facebook-related services and wares. Third, the company can enhance social support by supporting groups about charities, funds, and needed help during emergencies (Nadkarni and Hofmann 244). Technological factors present both opportunities and threats. For example, other social networks (Twitter, Tumblr, Snapchat, etc.) also attract potential users of Facebook and decrease the company’s profits. At the same time, more users prefer using mobile phones to connect with each other, which increases the company’s popularity, especially among young adults. Ecological factors also present opportunities and threats. The company can support environmental sustainability, gaining respect and support from its users. Addressing the issue of waste
Introduction Socio-psychology is a discipline that utilizes scientific models to comprehend and expound on how the real, perceived or involved company of others affects the ideas, emotions and conduct. In fact, the discipline highlights the impacts of group and individual actions and beliefs on the self as well as customs and behaviors of other people. Often, concepts such as individualism and collectivism are used to explain various aspects of socio-cultural psychology. Conformity, majority influence, and minority influence The change in conduct as an outcome of grouping pressure though devoid of direct demand to abide by the activities of the group is termed as conformity. Coworkers influence individuals regardless of the position they hold in the society. In workplace, several factors come into play regarding how individuals perform in the face of increasing demands. At the core of these requisites is the perception by self as well as how coworkers influence the individual. Inherently, differences are bound to arise due to social factors such as the urge to be identified with a specific grouping. For instance, the working class spends more time with colleagues. Consequently, the colleagues influence the behavior of the individual. Irrespective of the career, coworkers tend to influence an entity and an urge develops within the person ‘to belong’ to such a group. Accordingly, the individual experiences pressure from colleagues to conform to the established custom of the majority. This could possibly influence an individual when expressing personal opinion. The majority influence occurs when individuals adopt the manners, approach, values and stance of the majority upon exposure to their aforementioned aspects. In developing a new product for a company, the individuals are given the same opportunity. Thus, one is likely to agree with a product that the majority of the colleagues view as better. This may be irrespective of the view of an individual as having the best idea of a new product. The normative aspect of the majority influence happens when a worker conforms to the expectation that they will gain respect or be impressive to the colleagues. Apparently, lack of self-perception on worthiness may result into an individual being influenced by the information they receive from colleagues. It is imperative for an individual in the workplace to have high self-esteem regarding their profession. However, in developing a new product for a company, many aspects must be put into consideration. Although one may have high self-esteem and judgment, the perception of the self should not prevent one from making the right decisions regarding the welfare of the workplace in general. Personal opinion though good should not stand in the way when others make constructive contribution. With respect to conformity and influence, an individual is likely to be aligned with what is best for the company as opposed to self-perception of wha
“Tangled Up in Blue” is a song written by Bob Dylan. The song manages to tell the whole story of the life and love of the lyrical hero (Smith 280). The structure of the song is rather monotonous, which resembles epic narratives. However, the rhymes are present, though not regular. The simple lines of the poem devoid of any technical intricacies are aimed to make an emphasis on its meaning and show the influence of the Cubist school (which was striving to achieve the utmost simplicity of the form) on the author. The major characteristic feature of this poem is its multiple perspectives that can be found within a single plane. There is no sense of time in the lyrics, everything happens simultaneously in the past, present, and future. This unites the poem with the previous two. We can reconstruct the events (the singer looks back at his life, recollects the woman he loved and their breakup) but at the same time we move from flashbacks to flash-forwards, so we cannot be sure what happened and what did not. The future is unpredictable but we see glimpses of it in the past and present. The poem is unique in the way the topic and the technique intertwine. The reader sees a classical story but cannot make out which parts of it constitute a real narrative and which of them are born in the imagination of the main character. This is a complex metaphor of life with its multiple scenarios and existential choices that cannot occur simultaneously. When they are taken together, they map a human fate. The same idea is observed in the previous poems: we choose our path without actually seeing all the possible options, being concentrated only on one aspect. That is why all of us happen to be always “tangled up in blue”. Works Cited Smith, Keverne. “Tangled Up in Grief: Bob Dylan’s Songs of Separation.” OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying 68.3 (2014): 279-291. Print.
Over recent decades, the demographics of air travel have changed dramatically. It became accessible to much larger numbers of people, expanding geographically and becoming more affordable. As a result, passenger numbers grew dramatically, a trend that is likely still ongoing, and their demographics changed substantially. These developments necessitated changes in the highly competitive airline environment, which depends on recognizing and serving customer needs. The emergences of low-cost carriers and global airline alliances are among the phenomena that can be linked to changing customer demands. This essay aims to show that the increasing demand for convenient, inexpensive travel has led most airlines to either cut costs dramatically to provide affordable flight options or move to less competitive environments. To prove this point, it will review the recent changes in the characteristics and behaviours of airline passengers and the measures that airlines have taken in response. Passenger Changes Passenger Influence A passenger airline typically relies on its customers as its principal, and likely only significant, source of revenue. Hence, it is essential to its success that it recognises the needs of its passenger base and serves them accordingly. If it fails to do so, a competitor will likely become a more compelling option to the underserved customers, leading to substantial revenue reductions and negative consequences up to and including insolvency. As Taneja (2017) confirms, most airlines are aware of this danger and collect extensive data on their passengers, which they use to formulate their branding and marketing strategies. However, if they recognise a substantial shift in the customers’ needs and preferences, they may engage in larger structural changes to retain passenger loyalty. Alternatively, new companies can emerge that aim to serve these new customer segments and formulate their entire structure around this proposition. Air Travel Demand The first significant change in passenger statistics that has taken place recently is the growth in demand for air travel. As Graham and Dobruszkes (2019) highlight, Airbus predicts 4.4% annual passenger-kilometre growth until 2036, while the United Nations projects an annual 3.3% increase in traveller numbers through 2030. However, Graham and Dobruszkes (2017) identify a potential limit to this growth, with people of low socioeconomic status or with personal circumstances unlikely to become frequent flyers regardless of industry changes. Development has been taking place for a considerable time in the past, as well, leading airline companies to consider ways to satisfy this rising interest. They have expanded their routes and introduced new ones, with the locations where unsatisfied demand was the highest taking a priority. These differences in demographic distribution warrant consideration, as they have changed the prima
Introduction Most employees consider the level of payment and the workplace conditions before accepting a particular employment position in a company. Once they are employed, there is little improvement in their productivity. Different workers will respond positively to different motivational factors depending on which level in the hierarchy of needs they value most. Workers in lower ranks may still be struggling to satisfy their physiological needs and thus a pay rise would motivate them. Job contracts have been used in modern times whereby an employee is paid according to his output. This is limited because some contract jobs require team work. It can only work for workers with certain levels of wage rates. To a majority of workers, the most effective motivational factor may fall under the consideration of social needs and sense of belonging. Motivational factors Among the three factors which are job enlargement, job enrichment, and empowerment, I consider empowerment as the most effective motivational factor. This is because it can be used to motivate a wide range of workers from different job levels and departments. Employees are able to plan their work according to what they consider the most important procedure. This gives employees a sense of belonging, and motivates innovation. Empowerment also assures those who are shaping their careers of accumulating experience. Productivity will improve because the workers minds are open. They can lay procedures in ways they consider most efficient because they are the ones in the actual workplace. The management can wait for the final product to check performance. Management can count the number of products and test their quality. Employees are able to build a reputation of good performance which before was taken only by the top managers. I consider self actualization as the most important aspect of motivational theories. This is because it combines the effects of other factors such as the recognition of effort and performance. It also gives opportunity for promotion and improvement. Attributes of this generation This generation exists in a time when productivity is high because of technological advancement, and the low number of employees used per unit. In a developed country, the cost of living is high but a majority of workers are able to afford their physiological needs without much strain. It is also good to note that any job will serve the basic needs first. However, the middle level groups no longer view their basic needs as threatened. They prefer a workplace that gives them a sense of responsibility by allowing them to act rationally as masters of their working space. Modern employees despise close supervision. This generation believes in building a career that lasts through ones lifetime. They expect to move from a low ranking employee position to the top management. They expect wage rates to increase as one goes up the rank of his/her profession not only by
Digital Research Essay The list of the most demanded mass media nowadays includes the internet as one of the strongest competitors. This happened because the technologies have been gradually conquering the world during the last couple of decades. The popularity of various digital devices and the services they provide such as entertainment, marketing, and connection is growing incredibly fast. The development in the spheres of digital technologies exceeded that of any other sphere. Having penetrated every aspect of our everyday life the technologies provided us with comfort and opportunities. Among all the benefits digital technologies and the internet carry social networks are the most popular. Some of them are huge international platforms and some are of local character. The people of majority of the world’s countries are connected to both local and global. This paper will discuss the internet and technologies in Romania, its social media use and online social trends. Even though Romania was one of the last European Union members to embrace social media, their growth in this country is extremely fast and their power allows Romanians address a variety of social issues. Country Profile Romania is a country in the Southeastern Europe. It is a member of the European Union and its capital city is called Bucharest. The population of Romania estimates 21.4 million people according to the data of 2011 ( Romania country profile , 2012). The population of the country is rather dense and accounts for 89 people per square kilometer ( Romania, Internet Usage Stats and Market Report , 2013). Romania has a coastline in the Black Sea and is visited by thousands for tourists every year due to its beautiful nature and mountain landscape. The country’s economy has been developing
Introduction and Research Purpose The purpose of the study is the investigation of the leadership behaviour and decision-making effectiveness with a specific focus on two basic strategic areas of Initiating Structure and Consideration. The author states the problem clearly; he provides the theoretical background and introduces the concepts and ideas identified in the previous literature findings. It is observed that the dimension of Initiating Structure is interrelated with the leaders’ ability to create the appropriate and effective patterns of the internal organization, communication with the subordinates, as well as to implement the specific methods aimed to achieve the desired goals (Al-Omari, 2010, p. 2). The dimension of Consideration is related to the establishment of sound and friendly relationships within the working team, integration of interpersonal values of mutual respect, warmth, and interest. The investigation of the leadership styles allows the researchers to understand the criteria of strategic approaches’ effectiveness and contribute to the increase in the organizational efficiency. Literature Review The researcher introduces the basic concepts of leadership and emphasizes the significance of the leadership behaviour in the achievement of positive organizational outcomes providing the evidence from the academic works of over ten prominent scholars in the field of management. It is found that the success of any organization is largely dependent on the way it is managed. Since the leaders’ decision and behaviour may be regarded as a decisive factor in the organizational efficiency and the employees’ productivity, the selection of right strategic approaches in leadership may have a significant favourable effect on the performance and outcomes. The leadership strategies are meant to address a set of issues of both internal and external character, and through the elaboration of specific patterns of behaviour, the leaders may achieve great success in managing and guiding their subordinates. Al-Omari (2010) also describes the theoretical framework that is interrelated with the methods and tools selection (p. 3). The researcher introduces the main ideas included in the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ), a tool for the measurement and assessment of leadership behaviour. The LBDQ is meant to evaluate the extent to which the leaders take into account the dimensions of Initiating Structure and Consideration that are proved to be essential to the effectiveness of organizational performance. Methodology The study employed non-probability convenience selection tools, and the study sample consisted of two university deans (male and female). The major qualitative data collection tools were the LBDQ, observations, and interview. Contrary to the quantitative methodology, the qualitative methods help in the identification of the interrelations between the variables of interest. The qualitative methods are chosen because they correspond with the selected theoretical framework and