ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Culture as a phenomenon plays a critical role in all individuals’ lives, significantly contributing to the formation of their perceptions, views, and behavioral patterns. When different cultures encounter each other, it can result in both the fruitful exchange of cultural heritage and achievements and even severe bloody conflicts leading to terrible aftermath for both nations. The video “Apache Indian Resistance – Geronimo” gives an excellent example of such confrontation, where emerging American society eventually conquered Indians, thereby paying an enormous price. This essay aims at examining the impact of aggressive cultural conflicts and white privilege on a community of color, namely Apache people. For this goal, the paper interprets the video through the lens of chapter 3 named “Culture.” The Meaning of Culture Culture is the aggregate deposit of experience that embraces beliefs, religions, values, social roles, arts, hierarchies, concepts, and material possessions obtained and shared by a particular group. Culture formation is usually stipulated by the need to transmit the acquired knowledge to generations to promote their survival and the development of relationships within society and with nature. It has an immense impact on people’s behaviors, worldview, and lives overall and is manifested via languages, symbols, customs, and various forms of art, especially literature (Witt, 2020). These manifestations determine the differences between cultures and, in some cases, the supremacy of one group over another. However, it is worth noting that the surrounding environment, significant historical events, and individuals, primarily of considerable or epochal scope, place a noticeable imprint on a specific culture. Most societies and nations that consist of many ethnic groups have a dominant ideology. It implies a kit of beliefs and practices formed by the largest group to legitimate their existing political, social, and economic power (Witt, 2020). Dominant norms usually suppress alternative opinions and understanding to maintain the status quo and the ruling class. Furthermore, the science about culture recognizes such term as ethnocentrism meaning that particular persons or groups can perceive their way of life as a standard, simultaneously having an arrogant attitude towards other cultures (Witt, 2020). Typically, the concept is associated with various political and social extremes, such as fascism, Nazism, ultra-nationalism, and other radical ideologies. In contrast, sociologists also offer the term cultural relativism referring to the view when individuals consider other people’s behavior and customs from the angle of their culture. This concept highlights that different cultural groups understand the world diversely and that there is no supremacy of one culture over another. Apache Culture and Society The Apaches relate to Southwestern American Indians, which consisted of different tribes, including Jicarilla, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Salinero, and others. In ancient times, their territories extended over present southeastern Colorado, south
What are the ‘principles’ of the international trading system and how well are they served by the WTO system? The basic principle on which international trade is based is fairness and non-discrimination. This is expressed through the notion of MFN (most-favored-nation). This notion does not permit a country to treat some of its partners differently. It cannot even discriminate by favoring certain domestic, or foreign, products over others. Another principle is that of treating national and foreign businesses alike without preferences. The goods produced locally and those coming from import should be treated equally. And the final, and most important principle, is that of free fair trade and the promotion of economic and social development. Countries should promote freer trade among each other and with the legal bind that they will not raise barriers arbitrarily to anyone, being that a local or foreign business. All of these principles are served very well from the WTO system. The WTO is primarily a forum of discussions and negotiations where countries agree freely to achieve certain agreements (Sachs, 2005, pg. xviii). Throughout the years the WTO system has achieved many agreements. It has helped the business world be able to have new potential markets and has helped countries to benefit from the products and services these businesses offer. The overall goal has been to lower trade barriers in order that everyone can benefit. This has been done on the belief that free trade will bring more development and wellbeing to the society. This will help both businesses achieve more profits and the societies of the countries where the businesses operate be more free, democratic and prosperous. And many think the WTO has achieved that goal. Is the argument that ‘The WTO system contributes to development’ borne out by what you have seen in your region or in countries where your company operates? Qatar is an early member of the WTO system. During the last two decades Qatar has had an explosive economic growth. Many authors believe it has benefited from the free trade agreements mainly achieved through the WTO system. This is because free trade principles help to strengthen competition among participating actors; they strongly motivate innovation and breed success. This is what has happened in Qatar. The “opening” of the country to foreign companies and businesses offering them the same treatment as local businesses has sharpened competition and innovation. This has also allowed local businesses to expand their capabilities and be able to compete freely and without restrictions on other WTO system member countries. By doing this these companies have re-organized themselves. First, they have re-structured themselves to internal competition from foreign businesses and then have reshaped their policies in o
Even though there are a structure and unity in every educational institution, the teacher is a representative of education in whole and so, personal touches must be added. The difference between classes and teachers is what will make the learning experience more enhanced and add quality. Balanced Literacy Institute and Teacher Cadre offer not only well developed and easy to use tools but also a diverse and direct approach to every individual. It makes use of the personality in the learning process and adjusts to the individual character of every student (Starbuck 51). The teacher will also be able to have many advantages in the teaching instruments. One example is the rearrangement of the physical environment. A specific work area could be separated for each student. The desk positioning, equipment specific to their interest area could be provided so that everyone works on their unique task. The teacher would be able to use several technological devices, such as IPads, personal mobile devices in the form of a mobile phone or an iPhone, reading, and graphics hardware. Also, as a teacher, it would be advantageous to incorporate several subjects into one. While studying biology or animal kingdom, a link could be made to geography and the interconnection between the climate changes, earth tectonics, and elevation. The video footage could be used to demonstrate migration patterns of animals, the biological and chemical makeup of the organic systems and the connection between different sciences. In studying physics, the mathematics of geometry, graphical and video 3-D imagery can be qualified as a visual representation of the information being taught. When attending to the personal characteristics of each student, the teacher can organize the class structure according to the order of subjects every student prefers. While a part
Introduction The concept of procurement directly relates to the process of acquiring goods or services whether (raw or manufactured) in a way that enables a company to meet the needs of its clientele in terms of the quality of the product and quantity it is needed in. Through the analysis of ( ), it can be seen that procurement is an essential process in all company operations since not all companies are able to extract raw materials, are capable of processing it into different components and have the capacity to assemble it into a viable product. It is based on this that when examining the manufacturing industry as a while it can be divided into 3 distinct types of companies:  1. A raw materials supplier  2. A components manufacturer  3. End product manufacturer Manufacturing industry supply chain progression Companies are separated into these distinct categories based on the need to focus on a type of a specialization that they are good at rather than attempting to diversify itself into all aspects that go into creating a finished product. By doing so, this enables a company to significantly reduce its cost of operations while increasing its capacity to be able to develop better product types. Process in creating a finished product A finished product can this be considered as the culmination of a company utilizing different suppliers and using its own manufacturing processes to create products to be sold. For example, one of the most popular gadgets that has been sold within the past 5 years has been the Apple iPad, yet, the company itself merely sourced the materials needed in its constructions from other companies within its supply chain iPads are primarily manufactured in China by Foxconn (one of the largest electronic manufacturers in the world) with each individual part being purchased from different parts suppliers. The processor utilized within the tablet was purchased from Intel, the motherboard was bought from local suppliers in Taiwan, the memory components that go into it were from suppliers in China, and the solid state hard drive was from Seagate. In essence, nearly every single part that went into you average Apple was th
Introduction Burjeel Hospital is the biggest private tertiary healthcare facility in Abu Dhabi. It was officially opened by Sheikh Hamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Chairman of Crown Prince’s Court in April 2012. It has more than 200 beds 10 operation theatres. The hospital has several royal and presidential suites. This enables it to provide its services to wealthy patients. Burjeel provides several services that previously necessitated patients to travel abroad to seek quality care. The U.A.E. healthcare industry is highly competitive. Therefore, it is vital for Burjeel to use several strategies that would improve its competitiveness in the industry. Direct and Indirect Competitors Burjeel Hospital has state-of-the-art facilities that enable it to provide high quality care to its patients. However, it faces stiff competition from Al Noor Hospital and Gulf Diagnostic Centre Hospital, who are its direct competitors. Direct competitors are firms that sell similar products in the same market (Young & Pagoso, 2008). Al Noor Hospital offers medical-surgical services to its clients. It has been in operation since 1985. It has more than 200 beds and more than 450 physicians. Al Noor provide provides primary, secondary, and tertiary care services. It has 3 hospitals and 9 medical centres. This enables it to be accessible to a large number of people in Abu Dhabi. Gulf Diagnostic Centre Hospital (GDC) has been in operation since 1996. Initially, it was a diagnostic centre. However, it expanded its services to become a fully-fledged hospital. GDC has several operating theatres and inpatient patients. In addition, it uses highly advanced technological equipment in its laboratories to ensure that it provides high quality services to its patients. Use of highly advanced technological equipment enables the hospital to have a competitive edge in the healthcare industry. Burjeel Hospital’s indirect competitors include pharmacies and traditional treatment therapies. Indirect competitors are firms that sell substitute products (Young & Pagoso, 2008). Many people buy over-the-counter drugs to treat various ailments. Most people in Abu Dhabi seek medical help from hospitals to treat a recurring or serious health condition. This restricts the number of people who visit the hospital. Traditional treatment therapies includes several therapies that strive to meet the holistic needs of an individual to improve the health status. Traditional treatment’s holistic approach to health enables it to be popular among various people. Competitor Analysis Table                       Company’s current or planned strategy                Al Noor Hospital’s strengths and weaknesses  Gulf Diagnostic Centre’s strengths and weaknesses Target market         People who desire the services of private hospitals  same                                         same                                              Pr
Executive Summary Despite its controversial nature, globalization has been shown to have a net positive effect on the economic situation worldwide. The following project is an attempt to introduce a controlled process that would leverage its positive influence to improve the employment rate in our local community. By involving the interested stakeholders in the analysis of the contemporary job market and development of feasible strategies acknowledging the DFI factor, the project is expected to create a robust environment resistant to the potential adverse effects of globalization and ultimately attractive for the employees. The project relies mostly on voluntary student participation and is expected to have positive long-term effects in both the economic and social spheres. Background One of the persistent problems of our local community is the relatively low employment rate. Despite recent improvement widely reported in the local press, the overall rate is still unsatisfactory when compared to state and national averages. Understandably, this situation directly impacts the state of the financial well-being of our citizens. However, the indirect consequences of low employment are far more encompassing and detrimental to the development of our locality. First, the issue has a visibly negative impact on our younger population. First, it is traditionally more difficult to find a job for less-experienced workers, which restricts them from developing their potential. Young employees are a vital part of the workforce since they usually represent the most dynamic and progressive segment of the population. Limiting their opportunities for employment not only deprives them of the possibility of sustaining themselves financially but also promotes stagnation of local businesses (Tanveer et al. 91). Another undesirable outcome is the relocation of a valuable workforce—workers who fail at finding a job locally will eventually end up in other locations with more attractive job offerings. While it may be acceptable from a broader viewpoint, for our community it means a futile investment in education and development of the workforce. Such a setting eventually creates a situation where students lose interest in education since it does not guarantee their employment in the future. In turn, educational establishments can become disconnected from the expectations of local employers. This will effectively create a vicious circle where each year the employment gap will grow, having a greater effect on community well-being each year. Finally, a high unemployment rate is associated with poor mental health in the community, where perceived poor chances of employment lead to depression among the population (Karanikolos et al. 1328). As can be seen, the issue of une
Introduction This paper is going to discuss how it is important for international companies to relate and adapt to the cultures of the countries that they seek to set up a business. The paper will also discuss ethnocentrism and ways to avoid it. This paper will also discuss how international companies can avoid conflict by understanding the politics and legal systems of a host country. Elements of other cultures are also important things to know and this paper will discuss why it is important for companies to know them. Discussion The world can be said to have very many different cultures but every culture is unique in terms of elements. However, there are elements that when constituted together can be used to define culture. One of the major elements of culture is language. Different languages are a fundamental aspect of culture. Religion and beliefs of people in a certain culture play a vital role in defining a culture. Norms are part of every civilized society. These are very important in a culture and they may include taboos and rituals. Every culture also has a social stratification or collectives. They can also be termed as social constructions which are symbolic. They may be in terms of classes, communities, institutions, and organizations. Statuses and roles are other elements of culture. This involves the roles of different people in a society. It may be based on gender or age. Finally, cultural integration which is a source of harmony in culture is also an important element of defining culture. How companies can avoid ethnocentrism Ethnocentricity can be described as the feeling that your culture is the best. It involves biases that foreign culture is inferior to yours. This is a feeling that is prevalent when opening a business in a foreign land. The best way to combat ethnocentrism is through exposure. Companies should always try to expose the employees to different cultures so that they can learn to appreciate them. Companies should do enough research on the hosts and their culture so as to have a smooth running in their business which is free of ethnocentrism. Cross-cultural education is important for employees who are going to work overseas. Businesses that are international need to embrace multiculturalism and avoid being closed-minded. In order to run a successful business, companies should understand and nurture the skills required to handle the differences in culture which may try to be dominant in such relationships. “Lack of understanding of the important attitudes which are expressed when dealing with different cultures is a recipe for the loss of a lot of money which goes into negotiations, poor sales, and ineffective customer relations” (Moran and Stripp, 2001). “The company’s willingness to understand, respect and adapt to the other cultures (cultural adaptation) is an important factor for outstanding success in the multi-cultural marketing environment. The Managem
Introduction This article relates to a study conducted on fragile families in low-income communities. The study sought to interrogate the dynamics of fatherhood and couple relationships. In the study, urban couples are enlisted during childbirth and trailed for a period of four years. The study created a deeper understanding of circumstances that surround absentee fatherhood and the inherent features of couple relationships in low-income urban communities. The main focus was the involvement of fathers in raising a child and hurdles encountered by couples in relationships. Through this study, it is evident that a large number of fathers participate actively in raising their child despite economic hardships. The study also examines the aspect of enduring father involvement. The study seeks to establish whether prenatal involvement extends to later stages in child development. The study also focuses on the relationship between prenatal and postnatal involvement. Main Body According to research, the quality of couple relationships affects the level of father involvement. However, earlier studies have failed to determine the interdependent relationship between father involvement and couple relationship. The study underscores the importance of involvement by both parents in raising a child. Fathers involved during prenatal stages are likely to enjoy a healthy relationship with mother and child. If he continues to live with his mother, he is likely to be active in the child’s life. In this case, prenatal involvement is gauged by the presence and support of the father during pregnancy. This stage is helpful in determining the reliability of fathers. Paternal engagement relates to other aspects of parenting such as physical interaction with the child. Physical interaction
Human beings are endowed with unique talents and abilities that they use for self advancement and the common good. Most, if not all of these abilities are nurtured through acquiring the relevant knowledge and skills. As one pursues the preferred career, it is critical to be well informed about the principles and guidelines that govern the chosen profession (American Psychological Association, 2010). Educational and medical professions are examples which are run by common set of principles that helps its members to practice and adhere to the expectations of the profession. This essay provides a description of the American Psychological Association and how it can help in the enhancement of professional knowledge and abilities. The influence of these knowledge and abilities on the development of my career is also explained. Psychology is a very well developed disciplined especially in the United States and has clear guidelines that guide all the professions within this field. The American Psychological Association, usually abbreviated as APA, brings together American psychologists. It is the leading scientific as well as professional association of psychologists in America. With a membership of more than 150,000, it is the largest association of psychologists in the world (Evans & Cadwallader, 2004). The APA brings together scientists, clinicians, educators, students, and consultants who are engaged in the provision of psychological sciences. The association usually operates on an annual budget of up to $70 million. The APA’s main undertaking is to ensure progression in formation, communication and utilization of psychological knowledge (A. P. A., 2010). This will in turn lead serve to benefit the society as well as improve the lives of the people in general. It is also determined to become the most valuable, effective and highly influential association when it comes to the advancement of the field of psychology as a science (Evans & Cadwallader, 2004). The American Psychological Association strives to facilitate the stimulation, enhancement and propagation of psychological knowledge and skills through the provision of the appropriate resources for all its members. This goes a long way in increasing professional knowledge and abilities. Furthermore, the APA relies on key values to attain its vision and mission (A. P. A., 2010). The first value is the continual pursuit of excellence, followed by the need to acquire knowledge using approved scientific methods. The third value is the provision of outstanding services to its members and the society at large. The association is also bas