ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the technological age and intense globalization, knowledge management has to be defined properly and accurately so that individual workers and organizations can respond to changes and innovations. Organizations and businesses have to adapt to changes and innovations which are a common occurrence in the workplace. Health care professionals and hospital management are constantly facing innovations and applications, thus physicians, nurses and health care workers have to cope with constant changes. Managing change should be one of the priorities of a good organization because change is an opportunity for improvement. Health workers have to adopt and continuously train and improve because of these changes. Adoption and improvement are significant here because knowledge management is a source of strength. Organizational learning is affected by these changes and innovations. Study on Knowledge Management in a Romanian Clinic This is a case study involving research of a Romanian clinic of a hospital where 20 physicians and 10 nurses were asked to act as respondents. They were provided questionnaires and their responses were analyzed and used as basis for the article “Culturally-Bound Innovation in Romanian Teaching and Research Hospitals” by Dan, Vasilache, and Dima (2011). The Clinic’s Current Knowledge Management Status Knowledge management is significant in the study of hospitals along with their physicians and health workers, especially when we deal with innovation and adoption. Knowledge is usually understood to mean theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge, experience, and skills. Knowledge and knowledge management are significant developments in the new globalizing environment. In the present age of globalisation, competitive advantage is more pronounced with the knowledge people possessed, or what is termed, ‘people-embodied knowhow’ (Rodriguez and de Pablos, 2002, p. 174). Firms are focusing on what their people know, and invest much on intellectual capital. It is one of the objectives of organizational learning. The current knowledge management status of the clinic in the study can be considered moderate but not too low although external and internal knowledge are not being seriously considered if we look at and analyse the table for physicians, one of the two types of respondents in the study of Romanian hospitals. Students and residents considered knowledge management important and view it as significant in their work. They also consider learning as too important in their job. The patients in the clinic are not disregarded with respect to knowledge management but are not well informed about how the clinic deals and introduces treatment. Their status and the way they are being treated in the clinic are also significant. Archiving t
Introduction One of the world’s greatest states, Russia is at present a country with a well-developed infrastructure, specific politics, and considerable economical achievements. However, Russia’s journey to the present state of affairs and the winning position has been long and hard, filled with obstacles and problems to solve. Although the history of Russia is the history of great battles, both political and economic, the country has managed to reach the top in its development and is currently taking the leading position in the world industry. Political and economic spheres in Russia Tracking the history of Russia, one can understand what has brought the country to the present state. Although it is impossible to conceive every single detail concerning the state’s development and historical events that took place in the country, one can still create a vision of the path that the state had to walk to reach such success. In the given project, the history of Russia begins from the Middle Ages when the country is shaped like a state with help of the Viking tribes. Tracing the peculiarities of the state development starting from the epoch of its foundation, one can realize what led to the current position of Russia on the world scene. It must be noticed that, like every state, Russia faced not only success but also failures at certain moments of its development. With help of careful analysis of the state’s development in the XVI and the XVII century, one will be able to see the factors that hindered the developmental processes and even made some of them cease. Unraveling the historical events of the XVIII-XIX centuries in Russia is of crucial importance to the paper since it helps to evaluate the historical premises for the revolution and the Communist reign in the Russian Empire. Touching upon one of the most controversial periods of Russia’s development, the Communist epoch, the given paper offers an objective analysis of the Russian Communist ideology. With help of the abovementioned facts, the analysis of the current state of the Russian Federation is conducted to evaluate the current position of Russia in the world. Conclusion Considering the effects that the evolution of the Russian ideas of politics and economy had on the current position of the state, one can conclude that the economical state of the country was predetermined by certain events in its development. Thus, the fact that the Communist regime was finally shifted with establishing democracy presupposed that Russia could develop its political and economical spheres more organically. According to the results of the research, numerous issues demand solutions. Thus, one of the most topical problems is the unemployment rate in the country – according to the research, it reaches critical numbers. Another issue that the research considers is the impo
Prior to my engagement in episcopal community services, I was aware that there are people in different parts of the world dying of starvation, but I had not witnessed it. I have been engaging in a project involved with feeding the homeless and providing them with support to alleviate their conditions of poverty. My primary role in the project is to prepare the cutleries used in the course. I also help in serving food for the homeless people who attend our charity campaigns. At the beginning of the project, I was afraid of the homeless people who came to share the free meals because some of them were dirty and they looked dangerous. My stereotypical sentiments had been propagated from the media, which portrays the homeless street dwellers as dangerous criminals who cannot be trusted. This attitude toward the homeless people was white washed when I engaged in a conversation with Mr. Green, a homeless man who has lived on the streets for 3 years. The experience has made me realize that the homeless people in the streets are normal people who deserve access to the basic human needs. Mr. Green has a dream that one day he will acquire a good job, buy a house, and live happily with his future family. The Episcopal community service project has changed my attitude toward the street dwellers, and I believe that everyone should be acquainted with the challenges that homeless people face on a daily basis. I sympathize with the homeless people we serve because we only feed them on Thursdays, which means they do not get food security for the rest of the week. According to the Catholic social teachings, every individual in the community has the obligation to help the poor and oppressed members of the society to liberate themselves from the daily challenges. Justice and dignity of all humans should prevail (Brigham 43). One of the themes of the religious teachings with relation to humans is the provision of rights to the people. The right to life for the homeless is greatly threatened when they live in the cold and spend se
What is your definition of human sexuality? J. Chisholm: human sexuality refers to the ability to make responses to erotic experiences. It can also refer to the sexual attraction of one person to another one (Bolin & Whelehan, 2009). Is there a connection between sexuality and sexual orientation? J. Chisholm: Yes, the sexual orientation of individuals determines their sexuality. Sexual orientation can be an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, called heterosexuality attraction to the same sex, called homosexuality, or having no sexual attraction to anyone, which is called asexuality (McWhirter, Sanders, & Reinisch, 1990). Does sexuality affect many aspects of human life? J. Chisholm: Yes, human sexuality affects the legal, political, cultural, and philosophical aspects of human life. It is also linked to morality, religion, ethics, but it is not directly related to gender. Sexual activities that are associated with human sexuality increase when a person reaches puberty. According to some researchers, genetics and the environment in which an individual has to live in can determine his/her sexual behaviors. In essence, environmental factors have a greater influence on behavior, emotions, and human thinking (Bolin & Whelehan, 2009). What are the norms of human behavior, and do sexual norms exist in American society? J. Chisholm: Yes, a norm is something that is regarded as an appropriate and desirable behavior expected in a specific situation. A norm can be part of a culture, but it is not a law; it is not formal. My work as a social worker has exposed me to sexual norms in American society, so it is true, sexual norms do exist. A sexual norm in society refers to a personal or social norm. These norms are used by American society to gauge sexuality. They are used as determinants of sex between individuals who meet specific criteria in terms of age, race, and social roles (Koppelman & Goodhart, 2010). What are these sexual norms? J. Chisholm: sexual norms are related to premarital sexual relations, homosexuality, extramarital sexual relations, and pregnancy out of wedlock, incest, and rape crimes (Koppelman & Goodhart, 2010). Are pre-marital sexual relations accepted in American society? J. Chisholm: in some cultures, it is not accepted, but in many radical cultures, it is accepted. Many cultures declare that it is wrong, but it is still rampant. Sex before marriage or sex at an early age is widely discouraged. However, the contemporary culture is somehow contradictory prohibiting it and, at the same time advertising most films, television content, and books that encourage pre-marital sex. There is a high rise of teenage pregnancy among the American y
Cost Insurance and Freight (CIF) is a kind of an arrangement that implies that the seller of the goods brings them in as soon as the goods pass the ports in the shipment process. CIF contract, therefore, means a cost, insurance and freight contract (Fazio 6). As compared to free on board (FOB) which is another method of contracting, CIF is regarded as the more convenient as it relies on constant communication between the buyer and the seller. CIF contract is still considered as the most widely used because its price already includes the price tag of the goods, the cost of insuring the goods from the loading point to the destined point and the value of freight for the goods. The CIF contract is, thus, considered to be the contract that enables the sale of the products through the release of relevant certificates such as the invoice, the bill of lading and also the insurance policy that enables a viable sale of the good (Fazio 6). Rights and liabilities of the buyer The right and liability to accept conforming certificates and make relevant payments: When all the relevant documents have been produced, and they are all well organized, the buyer must accept the certificates and pay the seller in an appropriate manner (Fazio 16). The buyer, thus, is expected to remit payments on cash about the available documents as soon as the goods arrive at the port. The payment should be within 20 days as soon as the bill of lading is received. When the bill of lading arrives at a later than expected date, the buyer can decide to reject the payment of the goods. Also, if the certificates are not in order, the buyer can choose to pay a lesser amount or decline to pay. Right and liability to take responsibility for cargo delivery: As long as the goods are in line with the requirements stated in the sales contract, the buyer must receive the delivery of goods. In contrast, if the goods do not conform to the requirements stipulated in the sales contract, the buyer the can decide to either decline the goods or get back the money that had been paid for the goods (Fazio 16). The sales contract can entitle the buyer to take care of the extra costs incurred after the goods have been shipped in. Also, the buyer can be entitled to take care of any increases or discrepancies in freight costs. The buyer is entitled to bear all the extra costs and risks that accrue to the goods immediately they leave the shipping the rt. The buyer is also expected to pay for any documents and custom dues that are needed for the delivery process of the goods. Moreover, the buyer is required to pay for the procurement and license costs when necessary (Fazio 16). Right and liability for recommending a replacement vessel: When the shipping vessel that is transporting the good does not conform to the requirements that are stipulated in the sales contract, the buyer has the right to recommend a substitute vessel that conforms to the requirements of the sales contract (Fazio 17). When the vessel carrying the goods is not
Introduction Awareness through media stations has been a vital driving aspect for the up surging agricultural productivity and promoting agriculture in all the states globally. Previously, the choice of advertisement Medias, technologies, and their implementation in marketing was to boost production, profitability and farm revenue. However, over the preceding decades, policies for agriculture, research and development, commerce, education, training, advice have been significant impacts on the choice of advertisement platform, the level of agricultural production, and farm practices involving native grass production (Jessop, 2018). The farming of native grass has proved to be a significantly economically befitting business approach for pastoral farmers during the warm season. The farming business has presented an economic growth in various regions of Australia and America. However, the farmers have been faced by the challenge of marketing as most consumers have not yet accepted the products. Therefore, this article aims to educate a non-professional audience concerning the concern, debate, and future prediction relating to native grass farming. Establishing Native Grasses Native grasses comprise both warm-season grasses and cool-season grasses. The cool-season grasses grow appropriately in the spring and fall when the soil and air temperature are cooler. On the contrary, the warm season grasses grow perfectly during the summer seasons of the year specifically from June to early September. The native cool-season grasses are usually used when shorter native pastures are desired by farmers. They offer more wildlife value than the recently introduced cool-season grasses. For instance, Wildyres are the common native season grasses that are actively grown in the Pennsylvania region (Godfree et al., 2017). The native cool season grasses are therefore more excellent for farming in the native regions than the introduced cool season grasses. Conversely, numerous warm-season grasses are usually deep rooted and require deep cultivation to farm. Indian grass, Bluestems, and switch grass are examples of warm-season native grass that are sown in various regions (Godfree et al., 2017). The warm- season pastures are long-lived perennials with considerable tolerance to relatively low PH, fertility, and drought. Native grasses can play a significant role in preservation of the soil and agricultural production. However, establishment and s
Introduction Background of the Study In recent time there has been an increase in the number and frequency of complaints concerning the poor treatment of workers in most industries in China over the past few decades as compared to other nations (Aitken, 1996). The issues that have been raised include poor working conditions, meagre pay, child labour and over exertion of the workers. Gills (2002, p. 157) suggest that in the 80’s, an estimated 80% of all workers in the local and multinational garment industries in China were experiencing some form of exploitation. These employees were faced with various challenges such as sexual harassment, poor pay and pathetic working conditions. This situation has over the years escalated to serious levels due to the government’s neglect in imposing strict labour policies in industries. This is partly due to their need to protect the profit base that comes with inward FDI. Consequently, increased interest has been developed by policy makers towards the transformation of the rules and regulations that govern the recruitment, sustenance and protection of these workers (Blalock, 2008). There is no doubt that FDI has significantly modified China’s industrial structure. The industrial sector is the one that has received the maximum FDI in China, which also implies that this is the sector that has used maximum number of workers on employment terms that are almost at par with developed countries because multinational companies are regulated by their home countries in treating labour in the same manner as they would in their home country. Statement of the Problem Statistics provided by labour institutions in China reveal that most workers in the industrial sector are often subjected to poor working conditions. In a report made by a labour institution in China, four internationally renowned garment and textile industries in the Guangdong province were red flagged for severe exploitation of their workers. Workers were expected to work an average of 12 to 15 hours a day with an average wage of 45 cents per hour. In addition to this, new employees were not provided with insurance cover for the first year of their contract. The living standards provided were also in bad shape and no safety training was offered to the employees. On the same note, there were workers aged below 18 years working in these industries and it was also noted that there was no freedom of speech in most industries (Hsu, 2003). Some industries also deducted a mandatory fee on the wages of new employees for at least the first three months in order to cover for working uniforms and health examinations. Ironically, these industries claim to have maintained high levels of ethical and moral standards towards their workers and their operations. According to Alon (2008, p. 128), FDI’s mostly present workers with opportunities for better pay, good wo
Introduction HCHE has been known to serve its customers with the various products used by them in their houses for serving the electrical purposes. These products could be anything, but related to solve the domestic electrical needs of the customers. The company HCHE came into existence in the year 1959. HCHE is also known as the High Class Home Electrical Company. History and Gradual growth of the company Harry Haroldson was the founder of the company HCHE and since its inception; the company had aimed at fulfilling the consumers need in context with the electrical products. Harry started the company in order to create a buzz in the market and capitalize customers who wish to buy electrical good as their major house hold item. From the beginning of HCHE’s establishment till 1962, all the pressure of the firm was on Harry’s shoulder partially shared by her wife (Sally). At that time Harry was engaged in buying, selling and delivering the products to the customer’s end and his wife use to help him with keeping a record of the invoices. HCHE continued to grow with the each passing day. By the year 1981 that is after 22 years of company’s inception Harry registered the company as HCHE Ltd. Harry’s offspring Fred and Bill (sons) and Ethel (daughter) had also joined the family business and they together enlarged the branches of the organization. More and more workers were hired to work in the office building in order to increase the profit rates of the business for HCHE Ltd. Retirement of the founders After Harry and Sally Haroldson retired in the year 1985, Fred had to take the entire responsibilities of the running the organization. This is due to the fact that Bill was not much interested in business and Ethel got married and settled down. It was almost impossible for Fred to take care of the company all alone. So he decided to hire supervisors who can lend him a hand in handling the work pressure. Yet Fred had to sub divide the work most importantly for the goods delivery section. He had HCHE’s own transportation services that distributed goods and products from the manufacturer’s end to the local customer’s door step and for longer distance customers, he use to rent national distribution services. The company continued to prosper more and more. Recreation of then the company It will not be wrong to say that by this time the company had a rebirth and within a year’s time HCHE became HCHE plc and Fred as a part new Board of Directors along with Charles Marks as the new Chair Person. Both of them with determine and firm about the strict rules and regulations that were to be followed in the organization by both the new joiners and the old joiners of HCHE plc. Both Fred and Charles have decided to expand their business with th
Introduction Nationalism can be seen as a political movement whereby a nation can be fully defined in terms of its culture and ethnicity and the nation has the mandate to have an independent community. It’s argued that nationality defines a countries identity since it’s through nationality which is one of the most important aspects of one’s identity. People identify themselves with the countries they live in. The country we live in can define our identity as a member of that country legible to use the resources of that country among other resources. The concept of national identity can be studied from two perspectives that is, from the ethnic and civic perspectives. National identities are a result of historical processes. Historically, national identities can depend on the structure and content of people’s opinions, the beliefs of the citizens of that country, and the attitudes of the citizens. The issue of national identities arose with the growth of the many nations and hence the need for national identities to be in a position to know these people and where they came from. (Brubaker, 1992) The civic element in the study of national identity is one of the elements here. All national identities have the civic part which involves the citizen’s attitudes, beliefs, and feelings about their nation. For people to belong in one nation there is the need for a sense of belonging together in that nation. Nationalism makes people feel together and this is shown by the different groups we belong in that is, the different cultures we come from. It’s through these aspects, with the individuals, who make people feel, they belong to the national community. When we share similar characteristics with our fellow countrymen, then it means that we have a sense of belonging together. This gives the inmate a view on being national. What makes me feel national? This question can be answered by identifying ourselves with the ethnic groups from which we come. For individuals to be truly national to their countries, the following aspects can be associated with their nationalism although it’s debatable, one has to be born in that country,(birth), one needs to have citizenship, one must have lived in that country most, almost all his/her life and has become resident of that country, when one is in a position to speak the countries dominant language, by religion in the sense that you belong in a dominant religion of that country when one respects the laws of that country and lastly when you feel you belong to that nationality. (Midimbi, 1997). These elements of national identity affect national building and national unity. The form of identity which a country chooses will have an impact on the national building. For instance, when a government uses the civic form of national identity, it defines that, the citize