ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ethics is a very important part of the set of competencies a worker of healthcare should possess and review continuously since working with people in the hardest moments of their lives, during the complications with health they face requires certain skills and qualities. Even being forced to announce dreadful diagnoses to desperate people has always required strong compliance with ethical and moral standards – human health is a very delicate sphere of activity, so clinicians, nurses, and other members of any medical establishment’s staff have to be reviewed for possessing these qualities, should direct their effort at strengthening and developing these qualities and improving their ethical indicators. As it follows from the ACHE Code of Ethics, the medical worker has to possess a huge set of personal characteristics and skills to comply with the code. The American College of Healthcare Executives stipulates high standards for its students to assess their readiness for work in the medical sphere, as tying ethics with leadership qualities, the ability to conduct self-assessment, and identifying weak and strong sides of their ethical profile. There are several sections in the ACHE Code of Ethics that denominate the directions of development the student should determine. For example, some important parts discuss The Healthcare Executive’s Responsibilities to the Profession of Healthcare Management, to the patients, to the organizations in which he or she works as well as to other employees (ACHE Code of Ethics, 2009). In addition, there is a separate section discussing the procedure of reporting violations of the code by other employees that can be conducted by any health executive obliged to comply with this Code of Ethics (ACHE Code of Ethics). Reflection of Personal Self-Assessment Judging from my self-assessment characteristics it becomes clear that there is much to be improved, though I am still showing rather high-performance standards on ethics as a future health executive. As for the first section of the self-assessment report, leadership in ethics, I see that I have rather good results, with all answers ‘Always’ – this means for me that I am self-directed in my ethical improvement and ethical education I still have in the future before becoming a real healthcare executive. I am good at managing my efforts on the way of ethical improvement and ethical conduct, I strive to achieve compliance with the accepted ethical model and I am already able to move further from egoism to professionalism in ethics (Ethics Self-Assessment, 2009). I see the goals my organization pursues and willingly follow the common goals established for the whole organization. I support the establishment of new ethics controlling mechanisms and try to be guided by ethical considerations every time I make a decision about healthcare; this is why I can say that I have achieved considerable progress in this sph
Introduction X-ray is one of the inventions that demonstrate the achievements made by man with regards to technological advancement. The devices that use this technology have lens that can see beyond what human eyes can see. For instance, somebody who has had an internal injury would not notice that he/she has any internal bleeding unless x-ray is employed in the diagnosis procedures. This technology is used in very many fields, and this paper will shed light on how it works and how it has advanced. How X-Rays Work According to Burnett and Munro (2005), the x-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895, but then the discovery came by default because this he was just carrying out experiments as usual. This particular experiment revolved around his wife’s hand, but he had done the experiment previously using his hand hence this one was just for confirmation purposes. He took a shot of his wife’s hand and the image that was captured was quite amazing because he was able to see the bones and the wedding ring. What puzzled him the most was the fact that he could not see the flesh, but that was the start of x-ray technology. X-ray uses electromagnetic radiation, which is derived from the ejection of electrons that are placed in a tunnel inside the device. There are blocks of energy that are formed during the ejections and they are called photons, and they are the ones that form the rays. The electrons are ejected towards a metallic object and their impact upon hitting the object is what creates the radiations. The x-rays have short wave
Introduction The life-course perspective shows that the patterns of crime vary as per individual life due to different attributing factors. Researchers have proved that both distant and persistent offending owe their history to this theory. Consequently, their behavior pattern normally results from some life-altering events in the course of their lives. Juvenile patterns are linked majorly to the role of schools, family structure, peers group and siblings. At an adult stage, factors such as employment system, marriages, military works and residential areas give opportunities for explanation over adult crime patterns. Native Americans’ crime pattern has been traced to their family structure, positive female and male relationship, marginality, societal structure, employment system and poverty. This paper is focused a life course perspective that is sensitive to gender and age among the Native Americans. The research follows both qualitative and quantitative measures to determine the theory among these groups. Life cause perspective gives unique opportunities for changes in social institutions to those of cultural and historical times based on the experience of individuals and families. Currently, challenges encountered in this perspective include refining and testing dynamics, the emergence of a fully conceptualize extending across paradigms of continuity and discontinuity knowledge (Sampson and Laub 45). Life Course Theory Life course perspective has three major paradigms, each slightly different from the other. The risk factor model focuses on the victims’ risk factors and vulnerabilities and prevention methods. The second approach is the development model, which centres on the offending development and its related risk factors. The third paradigm is the life perspective criminology with a focus on events in life, transitions and des
Florence Nightingale is regarded as a key pillar in the growth of the nursing profession. During her time, she advanced several theories in this field. One of her models is environmental theory (Masters, 2011). The framework provides that the recovery of a patient requires contributions from the environment. According to Masters (2011), the main features of this theory include the provision of clean water and fresh air to a recovering patient. Effective drainage system, together with general cleanliness and direct sunlight, forms the backbone of this theoretical framework. The model proposed by Nightingale is similar to Betty Newman’s theory. The latter incorporates the element of nature in its assumptions. In this paper, the author will analyze the effects of Nightingale and her theory in the nursing profession. Historical Background Hegge (2013) points out that patient assessment forms the core of the environmental theory. The model encompasses some humanitarian components derived from Watson’s theory. The same is evident when the theory advocates for a positive environment with regards to the patient. The theoretical framework seeks to advance Newman’s theory by expanding its scope, especially in relation to environmental stressors (Ives, 2012). Definition of Terms As a paradigm, the environmental theoretical model makes reference to four major elements. According to Hegge (2013), the theory talks about nursing, person, health, and environment. The first component is defined as the activities involved in the provision of care to patients. The aim of such care is to promote the health of the client. A person, as used in this paradigm, is regarded as a multi-dimensional phenomenon. The person is made up of geological, spiritual, and physiological components (Hegge, 2013). On its part, health is described as the wellness of an individual and their ability to properly utilize their powers. Finally, the environment is referred to as the space within which a patient is found. Application of Environmental Theory to the Nursing Practice According to Masters (2011), the theory is important in the nursing profession as it enhances the comfort of the patient. An example is the case where patients are kept under poor conditions with limited access to fresh water. Based on the definition of health, it is apparent that such patients are unable to exploit their potential. The theory can be compared to Henderson’s framework, where caregivers engage in activities aimed at improving the condition of their clients (Masters, 2011). Practical Application of the Theory in Education Individuals acquiring nursing skills will find this theory beneficial to thei
Introduction Propaganda is presumably fabricated information with no evidence, but it influences the way society behaves and responds to different issues. The perspective that the public has towards opinions or ideas is partly influenced by propaganda. Nowadays, propaganda influences the masses in politics, religion, business, social changes, and even gender perceptions and relations. The Propaganda is a masterpiece book written in 1928 by Edward Bernays. The book combines social science and the power of mass psychological influence to control the public on different societal issues. The book is an exploration of psychological manipulation on the use of propaganda to influence the public in political campaigns, social, behavioral change, gender issues and responsibilities, business, and other general issues of interest. This paper will highlight the effects of propaganda on public relations, coupled with how it affects marketing. Propaganda and public relations If used effectively, public relations can influence societal perceptions. Edward Bernays is known as the father of public relations for initiating and constantly changing people’s minds in the competitive market for ideas and attitudes (Johnson 2011). In the following year after World War II, Americans associated propaganda with the Germans, and they viewed it negatively. However, Edward, who regarded himself as a professional opinion maker, could influence desired changes in attitudes and perceptions of the society to achieve a general positive motive. Ries and Ries (2004, p. 78) posit that Bernays ‘was once chosen by Venida, which was an industry leader at times, to conduct a public relations campaign for its hairnets.’ Moreover, he praised the “Greek Coiffure” appearance that was gained in
Introduction Everyone is aware that philosophy deals with the most abstract questions about the nature of life and the purpose of human existence. Humanity has been trying to solve the problems surrounding the topic of meaning for decades, and it had reached some conclusions. That is why several philosophers are known for successfully answering the most prominent questions of reality. One of those people is the Greek Stoic philosopher Epictetus. As Sellars indicated, Epictetus believed that his philosophy is an “art of living” and should be directed towards “the transformation of one’s way of life” (7). So, to discover Epictetus’ ideas deeper, this research paper will talk about his life and ideas and relate his teachings to other famous philosophers’ opinions. Life of Epictetus Epictetus had a challenging life that made him face various events which, eventually, brought him closer to the understanding of life and the development of his teachings. The philosopher began his life as a slave for a Roman master, and there is a story “that Epictetus’ master broke his legs in a fit of rage” (Dryden and Still 9). Because of that, Epictetus remained disabled and experienced severe pains throughout his life (Dryden and Still 9). After a long period of slavery, Epictetus had a chance to learn philosophy and became a teacher in Rome (Dryden and Still 9). However, the emperor Domitian had organized a banishment of the philosophers, which required Epictetus to leave Rome immediately (Dryden and Still 9). Despite all the serious issues met, the philosopher was able to establish a school in Nicopolis, Greece where Epictetus shared his knowledge of life with the young generation (Dryden and Still 9). It can be concluded that difficult life situations have contributed to the development of Epictetus’ view of the world and motivated them to share his knowledge with people. Epictetus’ Ideas and Teachings One of the main ideas developed by Epictetus was a belief that philosophy is not just a theory but rather a way of life. As suggested by Sellars, Epictetus was promoting this idea through an everyday life thing – his shaving habits (35). Epictetus saw the beard as something sacred; therefore, no one should try to get rid of it (Sellars 33). The Greek philosopher believed that if a Roman citizen chose to shave their beard, it meant that this person did not embrace the idea of philosophy as a means of life (Sellars 33). For this reason, Epictetus was incredibly proud of his beard as he was able to attribute his philosophy to such a small aspect of life. Moreover, for Epictetus, the beard issue meant that philosophy should be understood as a matter of behaviors rather than words. This view primarily indicated that a person’s actions are a more critical definition of their philosophical position than their spoken words. Epictetus taught students the superiority of actions over words by advising them that to realize which philosophical school they belong to, they need to take a look a
The nature of disgust and the way it was expressed in different periods of the history of humanity still presents an open question that modern anthropologists try to answer. In her work devoted to this feeling, Durham attempts at using the knowledge on disgust to better understand its emotional component and take a fresh look at the mind-body problem discussed by different philosophers (131). Analyzing various meanings of disgust, the researcher proves that the relevance of this concept to anthropologic studies is underestimated and fills in the research gap. The work under consideration actively uses vivid examples to show many faces of disgust and, therefore, demonstrate its deep meaning. The main argument included by Durham is that studying disgust contributes to improving various analytical frameworks due to its connection with culture, emotion, and social processes (133). Reflecting on “the sensibility of disgust”, Durham analyzes the etymology of the term and demonstrates that it does not only refer to ingestion and physical discomfort (134). The notion of disgust may vary depending on cultural values and refer to unpleasant visual information fear, or “the loss of balance” (Durham 134). The article goes beyond explaining disgust at the physical level and discusses its contribution to class discrimination. Unlike the great and the good, people of the lower class can be associated with something unpleasant (Durham 136). The article states that it also demonizes various social groups such as homosexual people – the feeling of disgust is exploited by attracting unnecessary attention to the physical aspects of same-sex relationships. Finally, according to the researcher, the feeling of disgust sheds light on the mind-body conflict since it presents a moral sentiment and refers to physical differences. Being a multifaceted and intimate experience, it can act as a source of creativity and self-knowledge as is clear from many works of art (Durham 138). Together with setting boundaries, the above-mentioned functions of disgust make this sensation so important. Work Cited Durham, Deborah. “Disgust and the Anthropological Imagination.” Ethnos , vol. 76, no. 2, 2011, pp. 131-156.
The rising popularity of online communication changes the way people socialize. Friends and relatives can stay in touch and feel as though they are close to each other, even if they are at opposite corners of the world. Moreover, now people can find friendship and love online. The increasing interest in online dating also raises the question of whether this particular phenomenon is helping or damaging the current quality of relationships in society. Many scholars attempt to answer this question by exploring different aspects of online dating. Many of these research articles come to a similar conclusion – online dating has a number of issues that stem from human nature as well as some technological factors. The central problems highlighted in the works of these scholars deal with individuals’ expectations and hopes. While dating online has benefits for finding people with similar interests, it also distances people and makes them suspicious of each other’s true identity. Negative Factors Human relationships, romantic or otherwise, may be hard to establish and maintain for many reasons. The creation of online dating sites and applications was most likely intended to eliminate these issues and make the process of finding new partners easy and stress-free. Nevertheless, people encounter many problems as they create profiles, search for other individual
Identification of ethics and social responsibility issues facing the company Toyota Motor Corporation is an international automobile and financial company, respected for its quality and reliable products; to remain competitive; the company’s management makes timely decisions. In all operations, the company aims to be ethical; it also extends a hand of appreciation to the public through corporate social responsibilities (CSRs). When determining the operation base and the CSRs to undertake, the company considers different issues likely to influence the direction of the projects or decisions. There has been come ethical issues faced by the company, for example in early 2010, Toyota Company was faced by a problem when some fault vehicles got their way to the market and lead to deaths particularly in the United States of America. The company was considered not to be taking good care of its customers and the public. The brands of vehicle could accelerate themselves to an uncontrollable level they even led to death. The move or the experience that the company got at the time forced the management to appraise in person on the case and recalled all faulty automobiles. The case of Toyota was broadcasted in international and national media a point that made the sales of the company reduce (Habisch, Jonker and Martina 1-123). Toyota being in the automobile industry has been blamed for environmental damage; the damage has been attributed to the company’s products, vehicles, which use fossil fuels to run. When fossil fuels are burnt, they produce green house gasses that have been a major talk in environmental debates, for the reason the company has been considered unethical. However, despite the moves and criticism gotten from environmental conservatisms, the company has continued to improve its products and has innovated battery vehicles (electronic vehicles). Identification of key stakeholders and explanation of their involvement and influence There are a number of stakeholders in Toyota as far as ethics and corporate social responsibilities plans are concerned. The stakeholders are both internal and external players; internally Toyota is divided into departments performing different tasks. Internal team is expected to be creative, inventive and innovative to come up with approaches to ethical and CRS programs. The company has embarked on enforcement of its operating strategies: the company operates under five principals, they are Kaizen (continuo’s improvement), teamwork, Challenges, Respect and Genchi Genbutsu (go and see): to be ethical, the company aims at fulfilling the above objectives. Another set of the company’s stakeholders that affect the ethical code of business in the company is the external environment like customers and the society; there is a level of quality that customers e
Culturally Diverse Forensic Population Selected for the Research The Australian culturally diverse population is chosen for this review. Diversity in the population arises due to a significant percentage of the population being born outside the country, as immigrants and refugees. These populations create a multicultural context that presents different influences to forensic treatment. Australia also has a high level of reluctance among many culturally diverse people when it comes to attendance to hospital and community-based mental health services within the country. This does not imply that there is a low demand for the services, but points to difficulties in understanding and coordinating the available services (Gunn & Taylor, 2014). Summary of Research Article The article examines the problems encountered in generalizing findings from culturally diverse populations. It looks at the utilization of violence risk instruments in forensic population and explores how the subject and issues with generalizability appear in the Aboriginal Australians population. The research gathers violence risk makers that are common in the Aboriginal Australian offenders. It compares the makers with non-Aboriginal offenders and considers the social and historical contexts. It also uses the violence risk instruments as the basis of reviewing studies on cohorts of Aboriginal Australians (Shepherd et al., 2014). Explanation of How the Role of Culture is addressed The article identifies the impact of transitioning from traditional environments to new ones that have different social values and beliefs as a contribution to acculturative stress. In addition, the acculturative stress leads to social distress, crime, and suicide among the studied population, often manifesting in a psychological state. The research discusses cultural competency in risk assessment and points out that under-diagnosis in post-traumatic stress disorder or other mental health issues arise because of a potential cultural bias. Favoring monoculturalism and lack of an understanding of the culture of the Aboriginal population adds to the trans-generational impacts of colonization, which collectively affect Aboriginal children. Role of Culture in the Treatment of Forensic Populations The research identifies the continual experience of individual and systematic racism that affects Aboriginal people when they are utilizing human service agencies and calls for understanding of the client family background, cultural explanation of illnesses, and the cultural elements of the client. Recognizing these factors leads to a better practitioner relationship that provides insight into own positioning (Shepherd et al., 2014). Challenges Expected when Working with Clients from the Population and a Proposal for Addressing the Challenge It is easy to see unique manifes