ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The diffusive behavior of a harmonic oscillator driven by a Mittag-Leffler noise is studied. Using Laplace analysis we derive exact expressions for the relaxation functions of the particle in terms of generalized Mittag-Leffler functions and its derivatives from a generalized Langevin equation. Our results show that the oscillator displays an anomalous diffusive behavior. In the strictly asymptotic limit, the dynamics of the harmonic oscillator corresponds to an oscillator driven by a noise with a pure power-law autocorrelation function. However, at short and intermediate times the dynamics has qualitative difference due to the presence of the characteristic time of the noise.
Two-dimensional (2-D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have shown numerous interesting physical and chemical properties, making them promising materials for electronic, optoelectronic, and energy applications. Tuning thermal conductivity of two-dimensional (2-D) materials could expand their applicability in many of these fields. In this paper, we propose a strategy of using alloying and nanodomains to suppress the thermal conductivity of 2-D materials. To predict the thermal conductivity of 2-D alloy embedded with nanodomains, we employ the Green's function approach to assess the phonon scattering strength due to alloying and nanodomain embedding. Our first-principles-driven phonon Boltzmann transport equation calculations show that the thermal conductivity of single-layer MoS2 can be reduced to less than one-tenth of its intrinsic thermal conductivity after alloying with W and introducing nanodomains due to the strong scattering for both high- and low-frequency phonons. The strategies to further reduce the thermal conductivity are also discussed.
We derive sufficient conditions for infinite-dimensional systems whose entanglement is not completely lost in a finite time during its decoherence by a passive interaction with local vacuum environments. The sufficient conditions allow us to clarify a class of bipartite entangled states which preserve their entanglement or, in other words, are tolerant against decoherence in a vacuum. We also discuss such a class for entangled qubits.
We consider crossed electric and a magnetic fields $\left(\vec{B}=B\,\hat{z},~\vec{E}=E\,\hat{y}\right)$, with $E/B<1$, in presence of some initial number of $e^{\pm}$ pairs. We do not discuss here the mechanism of generation of these initial pairs. The electric field accelerates the pairs to high-energies thereby radiating high-energy synchrotron photons. These photons interact with the magnetic field via magnetic pair production process (MPP), i.e. $\gamma+B\rightarrow e^{+}+e^{-}$, producing additional pairs. We here show that the motion of all the pairs around the magnetic field lines generates a current that induces a magnetic field that shields the initial one. For instance, for an initial number of pairs $N_{\pm,0}=10^{10}$, an initial magnetic field of $10^{12}$ G can be reduced of a few percent. The screening occurs in the short timescales $10^{-21}\leq t \leq 10^{-15}$ s, i.e. before the particle acceleration timescale equals the synchrotron cooling timescale. The present simplified model indicates the physical conditions leading to the screening of strong magnetic fields. To assess the occurrence of this phenomenon in specific astrophysical sources, e.g. pulsars or gamma-ray bursts, the model can be extended to evaluate different geometries of the electric and magnetic fields, quantum effects in overcritical fields, and specific mechanisms for the production, distribution, and multiplicity of the $e^{-}e^{+}$ pairs.
We have studied the nuclear structure properties like binding energy, charge radius, quadrupole deformation parameter for various isotopes of Al from the valley of stability to drip line region using the well known relativistic mean field formalism (RMF) with NL3 parameter set. We have compared our results with experimental data and found reasonable agreement. Further, we have taken spherical and deformed RMF densities to estimate the reaction dynamics of $^{23-28}$Al isotopes as projectiles and $^{12}$C as target by conjunction in Glauber model. The estimated results are also compared with the experimental data. The analysis of angular elastic differential and one proton removal cross sections are also studied with Glauber model many body system to investigate the structural feature of $^{23}$Al. The evidence of enhanced total reaction cross section, higher value of rms radius, narrow longitudinal momentum distribution and small proton separation energy of $^{23}$Al support its proton halo structure.
We study the Hamiltonian formulation of f(R) theories of gravity both in metric and in Palatini formalism using their classical equivalence with Brans-Dicke theories with a non-trivial potential. The Palatini case, which corresponds to the w=-3/2 Brans-Dicke theory, requires special attention because of new constraints associated with the scalar field, which is non-dynamical. We derive, compare, and discuss the constraints and evolution equations for the ww=-3/2 and w\neq -3/2 cases. Based on the properties of the constraint and evolution equations, we find that, contrary to certain claims in the literature, the Cauchy problem for the w=-3/2 case is well-formulated and there is no reason to believe that it is not well-posed in general.
In order to understand the physical mechanisms at work during the formation of massive early-type galaxies, we performed six zoomed hydrodynamical cosmological simulations of halos in the mass range 4.3 10^12 < M_vir < 8.0 10^13 M_sun at z=0, using the Adaptive Mesh Refinement code RAMSES. These simulations explore the role of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), through jets powered by the accretion onto supermassive black holes on the formation of massive elliptical galaxies. In the absence of AGN feedback, large amounts of stars accumulate in the central galaxies to form overly massive, blue, compact and rotation-dominated galaxies. Powerful AGN jets transform the central galaxies into red extended and dispersion-dominated galaxies. This morphological transformation of disc galaxies into elliptical galaxies is driven by the efficient quenching of the in situ star formation due to AGN feedback, which transform these galaxies into systems built up by accretion. For galaxies mainly formed by accretion, the proportion of stars deposited farther away from the centre increases, and galaxies have larger sizes. The accretion is also directly responsible for randomising the stellar orbits, increasing the amount of dispersion over rotation of stars as a function of time. Finally, we find that our galaxies simulated with AGN feedback better match the observed scaling laws, such as the size-mass, velocity dispersion-mass, fundamental plane relations, and slope of the total density profiles at z~0, from dynamical and strong lensing constraints.
We give a birational reduction of singularities for one dimensional foliations in ambient spaces of dimension three. To do this, we first prove the existence of a Local Uniformization in the sense of Zariski. The reduction of singularities is then obtained by a gluing procedure for Local Uniformization similar to Zariski's one, using an axiomatization of Zariski's work by Olivier Piltant.
We have investigated the mechanism at the origin of the infra-red radiation emitted by a biased tunnel junction by detecting photons at frequencies $\nu<eV/h$. To address this regime, the bias voltage $V$ exceeds one volt and the potential profile of the tunnel barrier is driven far from its equilibrium state. As a consequence, the $I(V)$ characteristic of the junction is strongly nonlinear. At optical frequencies, the transport through the junction cannot be simply expressed in term of the dc current and the current fluctuations are no longer described by the fluctuation-dissipation relation. Taking into account the energy and voltage dependence of the transmission of the tunnel junction in a Landauer-B\"{u}ttiker scattering approach, we experimentally demonstrate that the photon emission results from the fluctuations of the current inside the tunneling barrier.
In this work we study the problem of asymptotically optimal control of a well-known multi-class queuing network, referred to as the ``crisscross network,'' in heavy traffic. We consider exponential inter-arrival and service times, linear holding cost and an infinite horizon discounted cost criterion. In a suitable parameter regime, this problem has been studied in detail by Martins, Shreve and Soner [SIAM J. Control Optim. 34 (1996) 2133-2171] using viscosity solution methods. In this work, using the pathwise solution of the Brownian control problem, we present an elementary and transparent treatment of the problem (with the identical parameter regime as in [SIAM J. Control Optim. 34 (1996) 2133-2171]) using large deviation ideas introduced in [Ann. Appl. Probab. 10 (2000) 75-103, Ann. Appl. Probab. 11 (2001) 608-649]. We obtain an asymptotically optimal scheduling policy which is of threshold type. The proof is of independent interest since it is one of the few results which gives the asymptotic optimality of a control policy for a network with a more than one-dimensional workload process.
This paper investigates isomorphisms of Bergman fans of matroids respecting different fan structures, which we regard as matroid analogs of birational maps. We show that isomorphisms respecting the fine fan structure are induced by matroid isomorphisms. We introduce Cremona automorphisms of the coarse structure of Bergman fans, which are not induced by matroid automorphisms. We show that the automorphism group of the coarse fan structure is generated by matroid automorphisms and Cremona maps in the case of rank 3 matroids which are not parallel connections and for modularly complemented matroids.
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is an array of five imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Since 2003 it has been operating in the configuration of four 12 m telescopes complemented in 2012 by a much bigger 28 m telescope in the centre of the array. It is designed to detect very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays in the range of ~20 GeV to ~50 TeV. Over the past decade it performed extremely successful observations of the Galactic plane, which led to the discovery of about 70 sources amongst which the most numerous classes are pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and binary systems. Recently H.E.S.S. also discovered the VHE emission from the Vela pulsar, which became the second pulsar detected at TeV energies after the Crab pulsar. An overview of the main H.E.S.S. discoveries in our Galaxy and their implications on the understanding of physical processes is discussed in this paper.
We investigate through a Generalized Langevin formalism the phenomenon of anomalous diffusion for asymptotic times, and we generalized the concept of the diffusion exponent. A method is proposed to obtain the diffusion coefficient analytically through the introduction of a time scaling factor $\lambda$. We obtain as well an exact expression for $\lambda$ for all kinds of diffusion. Moreover, we show that $\lambda$ is a universal parameter determined by the diffusion exponent. The results are then compared with numerical calculations and very good agreement is observed. The method is general and may be applied to many types of stochastic problem.
In this paper we unveil some features of a discrete-time quantum walk on the line whose coin depends on the temporal variable. After considering the most general form of the unitary coin operator, we focus on the role played by the two phase factors that one can incorporate there, and show how both terms influence the evolution of the system. A closer analysis reveals that the probabilistic properties of the motion of the walker remain unaltered when the update rule of these phases is chosen adequately. This invariance is based on a symmetry with consequences not yet fully explored.
We address the issue of setting up generic non-Gaussian initial conditions for N-body simulations. We consider inflationary-motivated primordial non-Gaussianity where the perturbations in the Bardeen potential are given by a dominant Gaussian part plus a non-Gaussian part specified by its bispectrum. The approach we explore here is suitable for any bispectrum, i.e. it does not have to be of the so-called separable or factorizable form. The procedure of generating a non-Gaussian field with a given bispectrum (and a given power spectrum for the Gaussian component) is not univocal, and care must be taken so that higher-order corrections do not leave a too large signature on the power spectrum. This is so far a limiting factor of our approach. We then run N-body simulations for the most popular inflationary-motivated non-Gaussian shapes. The halo mass function and the non-linear power spectrum agree with theoretical analytical approximations proposed in the literature, even if they were so far developed and tested only for a particular shape (the local one). We plan to make the simulations outputs available to the community via the non-Gaussian simulations comparison project web site http://icc.ub.edu/~liciaverde/NGSCP.html.
We obtain the phase diagram of a Bose-Fermi mixture of hardcore spinless Bosons and spin-polarized Fermions with nearest neighbor intra-species interaction and on-site inter-species repulsion in an optical lattice at half-filling using a slave-boson mean-field theory. We show that such a system can have four possible phases which are a) supersolid Bosons coexisting with Fermions in the Mott state, b) Mott state of Bosons coexisting with Fermions in a metallic or charge-density wave state, c) a metallic Fermionic state coexisting with superfluid phase of Bosons, and d) Mott insulating state of Fermions and Bosons. We chart out the phase diagram of the system and provide analytical expressions for the phase boundaries within mean-field theory. We demonstrate that the transition between these phases are generically first order with the exception of that between the supersolid and the Mott states which is a continuous quantum phase transition. We also obtain the low-energy collective excitations of the system in these phases. Finally, we study the particle-hole excitations in the Mott insulating phase and use it to determine the dynamical critical exponent $z$ for the supersolid-Mott insulator transition. We discuss experiments which can test our theory.
Spintronics is the science and technology of electric control over spin currents in solid-state-based devices. Recent advances have demonstrated a coupling between electronic spin currents in non-magnetic metals and magnons in magnetic insulators. The coupling is due to spin transfer and spin pumping at interfaces between the normal metals and magnetic insulators. In this Chapter, we review these developments and the prospects they raise for electric control of quasi-equilibrium magnon Bose-Einstein condensates and spin superfluidity.
Coronal implosions - the convergence motion of plasmas and entrained magnetic field in the corona due to a reduction in magnetic pressure - can help to locate and track sites of magnetic energy release or redistribution during solar flares and eruptions. We report here on the analysis of a well-observed implosion in the form of an arcade contraction associated with a filament eruption, during the C3.5 flare SOL2013-06-19T07:29. A sequence of events including magnetic flux-rope instability and distortion, followed by filament eruption and arcade implosion, lead us to conclude that the implosion arises from the transfer of magnetic energy from beneath the arcade as part of the global magnetic instability, rather than due to local magnetic energy dissipation in the flare. The observed net contraction of the imploding loops, which is found also in nonlinear force-free field extrapolations, reflects a permanent reduction of magnetic energy underneath the arcade. This event shows that, in addition to resulting in expansion or eruption of overlying field, flux-rope instability can also simultaneously implode unopened field due to magnetic energy transfer. It demonstrates the "partial opening of the field" scenario, which is one of the ways in 3D to produce a magnetic eruption without violating the Aly-Sturrock hypothesis. In the framework of this observation we also propose a unification of three main concepts for active region magnetic evolution, namely the metastable eruption model, the implosion conjecture, and the standard "CSHKP" flare model.
As starting point, we formulate a corollary to the Quantitative Combinatorial Nullstellensatz. This corollary does not require the consideration of any coefficients of polynomials, only evaluations of polynomial functions. In certain situations, our corollary is more directly applicable and more ready-to-go than the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz itself. It is also of interest from a numerical point of view. We use it to explain a well-known connection between the sign of 1-factorizations (edge colorings) and the List Edge Coloring Conjecture. For efficient calculations and a better understanding of the sign, we then introduce and characterize the sign of single 1-factors. We show that the product over all signs of all the 1-factors in a 1-factorization is the sign of that 1-factorization. Using this result in an algorithm, we attempt to prove the List Edge Coloring Conjecture for all graphs with up to 10 vertices. This leaves us with some exceptional cases that need to be attacked with other methods.
The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is a nearby ($\sim$780 kpc) galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Observational evidence suggests that it resides in a large halo of dark matter (DM), making it a good target for DM searches. We present a search for gamma rays from M31 using 1017 days of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. With its wide field of view and constant monitoring, HAWC is well-suited to search for DM in extended targets like M31. No DM annihilation or decay signal was detected for DM masses from 1 to 100 TeV in the $b\bar{b}$, $t\bar{t}$, $\tau^{+}\tau^{-}$, $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$, and $W^{+}W^{-}$ channels. Therefore we present limits on those processes. Our limits nicely complement the existing body of DM limits from other targets and instruments. Specifically the DM decay limits from our benchmark model are the most constraining for DM masses from 25 TeV to 100 TeV in the $b\bar{b}, t\bar{t}$ and $\mu^{+}\mu{-}$ channels. In addition to DM-specific limits, we also calculate general gamma-ray flux limits for M31 in 5 energy bins from 1 TeV to 100 TeV.
Piecewise constant image approximations of sequential number of segments or clusters of disconnected pixels are treated. The method of majorizing of optimal approximation sequence by hierarchical sequence of image approximations is proposed. A generalization for multidimensional case of color and multispectral images is foreseen.
This paper introduces quantum multiparty protocols which allow the use of temporary assumptions. We prove that secure quantum multiparty computations are possible if and only if classical multi party computations work. But these strict assumptions are necessary only during the execution of the protocol and can be loosened after termination of the protocol.   We consider two settings:   1. A collusion of players tries to learn the secret inputs of honest players or tries to modify the result of the computation.   2. A collusion of players cheats in the above way or tries to disrupt the protocol, i.e., the collusion tries to abort the computation or leaks information to honest players. We give bounds on the collusions tolerable after a protocol has terminated and we state protocols reaching these bounds.
We present a new two-body finite-range and momentum-dependent but density-independent effective interaction, which can be interpreted as a regularized zero-range force. We show that no three-body or density-dependent terms are needed for a correct description of saturation properties in infinite matter, that is, on the level of low-energy density functional, the physical three-body effects can be efficiently absorbed in effective two-body terms. The new interaction gives a very satisfying equation of state of nuclear matter and opens up extremely interesting perspectives for the mean-field and beyond-mean-field descriptions of atomic nuclei.
We present the results of optical and near-IR spectroscopic and near-IR photometric observations of the emission-line stars Hen3-298 and Hen3-303. Strong emission in the H-alpha line is found in both objects. The presence of Fe II and [O I] emission lines in the spectrum of Hen3-298 indicates that it is a B[e] star. The double-peaked CO line profiles, found in the infrared spectrum of Hen3-298, along with the optical line profiles suggest that the star is surrounded by a rotating circumstellar disk. Both objects also show infrared excesses, similar to those of B[e] stars. The radial velocities of the absorption and emission lines as well as a high reddening level suggest that the objects are located in the Norma spiral arm at a distance of 3-4.5 kpc. We estimated a luminosity of log (L/L_sun) ~ 5.1 and a spectral type of no earlier than B3 for Hen3-298. Hen3-303 seems to be a less luminous B-type object (log (L/L_sun) ~ 4.3), located in the same spiral arm.
We report the discovery of 23 lithium-rich post-main-sequence stars, identified from moderate-resolution SDSS spectroscopy and confirmed with high-resolution spectra taken at the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. These new Li-rich stars cover a broad range in mass and evolutionary phase, including bright giants and post-AGB stars. The process responsible for preserving or producing excess lithium in a small fraction of evolved stars remains unclear.
This paper is essentially devoted to the study of some interesting relations among the well known operators $I^{(x)}$ (the interpolated Invert), $L^{(x)}$ (the interpolated Binomial) and Revert (that we call $\eta$).   We prove that $I^{(x)}$ and $L^{(x)}$ are conjugated in the group $\Upsilon(R)$. Here $R$ is a commutative unitary ring. In the same group we see that $\eta$ transforms $I^{(x)}$ in $L^{(-x)}$ by conjugation. These facts are proved as corollaries of much more general results.   Then we carefully analyze the action of these operators on the set $\mc{R}$ of second order linear recurrent sequences. While $I^{(x)}$ and $L^{(x)}$ transform $\mc{R}$ in itself, $\eta$ sends $\mc{R}$ in the set of moment sequences $\mu_n(h,k)$ of particular families of orthogonal polynomials, whose weight functions are explicitly computed.   The moments come out to be generalized Motzkin numbers (if $R=\zz$, the Motzkin numbers are $\mu_n(-1,1)$). We give several interesting expressions of $\mu_n(h,k)$ in closed forms, and one recurrence relation.   There is a fundamental sequence of moments, that generates all the other ones, $\mu_n(0,k)$. These moments are strongly related with Catalan numbers. This fact allows us to find, in the final part, a new identity on Catalan numbers by using orthogonality relations.
We propose real-time, six degrees of freedom (6DoF), 3D face pose estimation without face detection or landmark localization. We observe that estimating the 6DoF rigid transformation of a face is a simpler problem than facial landmark detection, often used for 3D face alignment. In addition, 6DoF offers more information than face bounding box labels. We leverage these observations to make multiple contributions: (a) We describe an easily trained, efficient, Faster R-CNN--based model which regresses 6DoF pose for all faces in the photo, without preliminary face detection. (b) We explain how pose is converted and kept consistent between the input photo and arbitrary crops created while training and evaluating our model. (c) Finally, we show how face poses can replace detection bounding box training labels. Tests on AFLW2000-3D and BIWI show that our method runs at real-time and outperforms state of the art (SotA) face pose estimators. Remarkably, our method also surpasses SotA models of comparable complexity on the WIDER FACE detection benchmark, despite not been optimized on bounding box labels.