ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Change is a widespread feature in life of organizations and the capability to handle such changes is the core competence of success in organizations (Senge et al., 2004, p. 4). The main drivers of organizational changes over the last two decades have been globalization, advancement in technology and fluctuation in global economy. This has led to distraught exploration of mechanisms for achieving competitive advantage through increased radical forms and new management styles (Stacey, 2003, p. 8). The emergence of strategic management as a distinguished philosophy of management was facilitated by the increase in strategic thinking. Managers and the stakeholders were forced to reassess the structure and operations of the organizations and how to respond to the changing global business environment (Stacey, 2003, p. 8). The new approach to management was attractive to organizational leaders who were experiencing numerous challenges and were faced by the need to adjust hastily and fundamentally. Senge et al. (2004, p. 4) describe strategic Management as a striking option to management influenced by market forces necessitating enhanced quality, increases flexibility and unvarying innovations. Strategic management involves scheming, developing and realizing long term declarations that authorizes an organization to achieve a spirited benefit in the industrial scenery (Hubbard & Beamish, 2011, p. 5). In view of the fact that the business landscape is gifted by a lot of perils and qualms, there are immense requirements for organizations to consider strategic management in a bid to alleviate the anticipated predicaments. This engrosses unrelenting assessment and implementation of business components of a particular business, gauging the potency of the rivals (Hubbard & Beamish, 2011, p. 6). Most literatures on strategic management have paid a lot of attention on the formulation side of the strategy and little attention to the other side of the coin, namely implementation side of the strategy. Even though studies in strategic implementation are gaining momentum, they are still less in number compared to literatures on strategic formulation (Atkinson, 2006, p. 2). In addition, a number of studies have noted that implementation is the most difficult aspect of strategic management (David, 1999, p. 13). This calls for more studies on implementation based strategies. As a result, this paper explores the persistent implementation challenges in a petrochemical company based in the United Arab Emirates. There are a number of reasons for carrying out this study. The first reason is to identify persistent challenges in the petrochemical company and solutions that could give a hand in enhancing effectiveness and efficiency in the company with obvious benefits in the entire petrochemical industry. Secondly, persistent implementation challenges may necessitate strategies that are easy to implement. Therefore, the study could help to identify means and solutions to strategic implementation. Lastl
Negotiations are very common, especially in the workplace. Employees and employers will always negotiate for various issues for the benefit of either of the parties. I am likely to be in a negotiation scenario where I will be negotiating for a salary increase with my employer in my future position as an employee. The success of a negotiation highly depends on how well prepared the negotiating team will be. It is also important for the team to have negotiating skills. The parties should have in mind the goals they wish to accomplish before starting a negotiation (McIntyre, 2006). The parties should then create a relationship with the party they are to negotiate with. This paper discusses how a negotiating team should be assembled, as well as assembling information about the other side to conduct a successful negotiation. Assembling a negotiating team The first step towards conducting a successful negotiation is to put in place a team that has the right skills and ability to negotiate. Assembling a good team will reduce the number of errors that may be associated with the negotiation process. It is imperative to note that team negotiations are likely to be more successful and productive compared to individual negotiations since different members of the team will bring different ideas and strengths. Therefore, the first thing the leaders should do is to assemble a negotiating team. The team should be diverse to ensure that different strengths are brought to the table. When planning to assemble a negotiating team, one should consider the kind of contract to be negotiated and then consider the different roles that need to be accomplished in the negotiation. This way, it will be possible to embrace diversity in the team. Different team members with different fields of knowledge should be made aware of the roles they are to play in the negotiations. This is followed by the actual assembling of the team and letting each member be aware of the role they are supposed to play in the negotiation (Segel, 2009). Gathering information about the other side Once the negotiating team has been formed, they should start strategizing on how to negotiate (McIntyre, 2006). Gathering information about the other side should be the first step. This will increase the chances of succeeding in negotiation since one will have a better understanding of the other party, know what to expect and how to prepare for the negotiation. It might be termed as a disaster going into a negotiation with no information about what the other side is likely to propose. For a government contract, most of the government information is available from various sources such as the internet, journals, gazettes, and individuals. In gathering such information, one has first to accept that they do not know and then take a step to ask questions to people who might know, but not the negotiation opponent. Effective negotiating strategy A strategy is very important since it guides the actions that will be taken. First, it is important
The kind of food that a particular set of people eats is largely dependent on the peoples’ culture. It is, therefore, very impossible to deny that there is a strong relationship between food and culture since the type of food eaten by a person reflects their values, attitudes, and general way of life. There are quite a number of reasons why food is always intertwined with culture. To begin with, the religious affiliation of a particular society or community determines the kind of food that its people eat (Mack 2005). Different religions have commandments regarding food and, therefore, followers should stick to them (Mack 2005). Every community has got its cultural events and festivals and food is often used as part of these celebrations. The kind of food eaten in these festivals is determined by the community’s traditions and culture. Cultural diversity makes life enjoyable with food playing a major role in enhancing cultural diversity (Glants 1997). This paper will highlight the relationship between the kind of food eaten in Russia and Russian Culture. Russia is a multi-cultural country, and this is often reflected in the type of food people eat there. The majority of Russians are peasant farmers and, therefore, a large portion of the food they use is obtained directly from the farm (Glants 1997). The number of crops grown is normally limited by the harsh climatic conditions experienced during winter and spring. The most commonly grown crops include barley, millet, wheat, and rye (Edelstein 2011). The harsh climate means that fish and other meats are used to supplement the seasonal produce from the farm. Traditionally, Russian food was mainly made of grain and vegetables. Turnips and cabbage were the commonly served vegetables during most Russian festivals (Edelstein 2011). Despite the changes in methods of preparation, most Russian meals still retain their original Russian touch. The Russian meal should have certain components for it to be complete. Soup is an essential meal in the Russian course (Goldstein 1999). The most commonly prepared soups include fish soup, grain and vegetables soup, chilled soup, cabbage soup, and mushroom soup. Russians also enjoy cold soup made from sour milk. Cabbage soup commonly referred to as shchi is the most important component of Russian cuisine. Ingredients of cabbage soup include cabbage, meat, parsley roots, spicy herbs and sour components (Goldstein 1999). The traditional Orthodox Christian Church advocated for meat-free meals and, therefore, cabbage sou
The way the characters of the main protagonists are revealed in the novel is one of the most important things in every piece of literature. Some characters are especially successful and leave their trace in the minds and hearts of readers. Among such successful characters developed through the entire literature course are Henry Fleming, Jay Gatsby, and Jean Valjean. In the following paper, I have my goal to observe the similarities and the differences between the main protagonists of “The Red Badge of Courage” novel by Stephen Crane, “The Great Gatsby” novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and “Les Misérables” novel by Victor Hugo. Their characters’ compare and contrast analyses show them to be quite similar young men in their origin, but very different persons at the end of their life. Speaking about the similarities between the characters of Henry Fleming, Jay Gatsby, and Jean Valjean, it should be stated that they are quite a lot. All the three characters have similar backgrounds: their origin is very modest. However, Gatsby manages to succeed to acquire fabulous riches. Just like Henry Fleming and Gatsby, Jean Valjean is not afraid of hard work to achieve his goals. Just like Jay Gatsby, Jean Valjean finds himself interested in labor bringing money and particular in innovative industrial technologies. Just like Henry Fleming, Jean Valjean undergoes several really important changes in his character with the development of a story plot of the novel. Different factors and circumstances affect the main protagonists of the novels under consideration, however, in all their cases we see how significant the changes are. We read about Fleming’s final enlightenment, under the influence of his brave companions and their glorious deeds “he turned now with a lover’s thirst to images of tranquil skies, fresh meadows, cool brooks–an existence of soft and eternal peace” (Crane 117). In both of the cases with Henry and Jean, the kindness and consideration they received from the people who surr
Abstract Standards in teaching practices are of crucial importance for several reasons. The defining of correct standards, enable the professionals in their respective field to gauge the areas to learn and improve upon in their process of teaching. The study and definition of standards also enable the growth and personal development of the professionals in their respective fields. As such there are some essential standards in the domains of science and mathematics. Professional Standards for Teaching Science Professional standards in the teaching of science require immensely talented professionals to have an in-depth knowledge of not only the syllabus of science but also how this knowledge should be imparted and the likely students. Not only are they required to know their curriculum of science, but also have an innate understanding of the subject of science and its co-relations with other syllabi. They must have excellent communication skills with their students so that they can effectively explain theories, laws, assessment of proofs, hypotheses, and most importantly the precise terminology to explain their points of view as well as comprehend others’ points of view. Highly trained and accomplished teachers of science have an excellent knowledge of the current methods of teaching and learning theories and practices. They have a deep knowledge of their subject and also the precise techniques of transferring this knowledge to the students in an effective manner. They can employ newer strategies to successfully communicate the important aspects of the curricula. Effective teaching in the current scenario makes it vital for efficient science teachers to effectively integrate the curricula with Information and Communication Technologies for the all-important purposes of data collection, simulation, and other research functions. Highly talented tutors of science have an excellent experience and knowledge for accessing the works of the students and the importance of feedback for the development of students’ knowledge. Efficient and trained teachers will have a profound knowledge of their students’ cultural background and perceptions. They also have an excbackgroundslity to gauge the students’ capabilities and the factors which need to be taken into account when planning the teaching of curricula. These factors include tradition and cultural heritage, social mobility among friends, specific fields of interests or hobbies, and also the domestic environment from where the students come to study. Efficient teachers of science crate friendly, educative, and safe learning atmosphere. The approach is learner-centered and excellent teachers enable the students to interact and exchange viewpoints by encouraging respect for others’ views and display extreme fairness in judging the students. Diversity in a class is used effectively by high-quality teachers to develop diverse perceptions. Good teachers must create a safe and secure environment where there is no scope for bias of any kind or even abuse in any form. An excellent teacher will never tolerate and encourage such behavi
Introduction The CIPD’s Professional Map (“The CIPD Profession Map” par.1) is a structured scheme that provides information on what skills and activities are crucial for the HR department’s work. They are required if the company sets a goal to improve the employees’ performance and satisfaction with their job. Moreover, by using the provided framework, HR managers can develop new working models valuable for their professional community. CIPD Structure The scheme features ten professional areas, eight behaviors, and four bands of professional competence. Each of them covers the specific competencies of an HR specialist. There is also the Insight, Strategy and Solutions, and the Leading HR areas. The corresponding description of these elements is provided below. Behaviors The Curious element emphasizes the interest which an HR worker must-have for his or her professional field. This interest is best shown through the initiatives targeted at acquiring new information. The Decisive Thinker concept underlines the importance of the analytical approach to the obtained information. A successful HR manager must not only collect data but also define the cause and effect dependence, as well as study the sources of information to understand whether they are credible. A Skilled Influencer is the one who can change the situation in the company by communicating with employees and stakeholders. A Personally Credible HR professional works on developing, implementing, and sharing his or her knowledge within the community. HRs must also be Collaborative regarding both people in their company and representatives of other businesses. The HR worker who is Driven to Deliver focuses on the job and puts effort into showing the best results. He or she must also have the Courage to Challenge , meaning all the issues, even the most pressuring ones, will be addressed. Finally, it is important for an HR specialist to be a Role Model who uses personal reputation as an example to others. Professional Areas The first professional area is Organization Design . It is important to determine whether the organization’s processes are planned correctly. The next step would be Organization Development that is based on corporate culture and values and their connection to workers. Resourcing and Talent Planning is a core area of HR’s work, as it helps to find the right people for the job. Ensuring that employees have the required skills comes from the Learning and Development process. All people need their input to be recognized, and that’s why Performance and Reward are important. The satisfaction with the work conditions is measured by Employee Engagement , while the Employee Relations target the communication strategy between workers and managers. Finally, Service Delivery and Information ensure everyone in the company
The mass media has always been one of the most powerful tools that shape the opinions of the society concerning certain issues that are of critical importance. This is because the mass media is one of the most powerful agents of socialization as it has the ability to remain in the cognitive processes of the actors, hence influence how they act and interpret the phenomenon. Thus, mass media shapes what the society is by presenting various aspects such as cultural attributes. However, the media is sometimes biased towards what is considered ideal. This paper seeks to examine the representation of women in the American media. The paper will seek to answer pertinent questions as to whether the representation of women in the American media is biased or it reflects the ideal picture of the American women. To effectively understand how women are presented in the American media, the paper examines the work of Douglas who retraces her life so that she can bring across how the media presents the American women. Central to her ideas is that the way the media portrays women is not influenced by the popular cultures that govern women behavior, but the media creates this popular culture that determines behavior. This is done by popularizing what the media considers to be the ideal form of a woman. Due to its huge influence as an agent of socialization, the media further influences women to adapt to this ideal types and thus alters the general view of women. In the contemporary popular media especially in the advertisement industry, it is evident that what Douglas, (45) views as the setting of the popular belief by the mass media exists as media campaigns give what is thought to be the ideal character of a woman. This induces a mental evaluation process that affects the way women think as they evaluate for themselves how far they are from the ideal types from the ideal type. Such campaigns have been vital in influencing various issues in the female gender such as the walking styles, styles of dressing as well as hair dressing styles. Therefore, women are either consciously or unconsciously encouraged to strive towards this ideal type due to the popular images that are created by the mass media. The role of the American media in shaping the cultural identity of women has led to what Douglas refers to as a contradiction of cultures as the influences of the media over the generations have been changing. In comparisons of how media has influenced the cultural identity of women over time, Douglas (48) notes that the influences of the media during the baby boomers was totally different from the influence of the same towards women’s cultural identity during the era of generation X. Therefore, she concludes that the media has led to a confused identity in women, a fact that has resulted to culture shocks and cultural diversities a
Introduction Many companies have instituted information privacy regulations that are supposed to protect both their clients and employees. Many companies uphold their customers’ privacy and undertake to protect their privacy and security regarding any information that they provide. One of these companies, The Kroger Co., has undertaken to protect its customers’ names, e-mail addresses, telephone numbers, and credit card information to minimize any unauthorized access of the sensitive information. This has prompted Kroger to put in place a privacy policy. Kroger’s privacy policy entails maintenance of their customers’ privacy and safeguarding any information provided by them. Besides, the company does not seek information from children aged below 13 years (Kroger Co, 2011). Moreover, they do not sell, rent, or trade information about their customers to other companies. Kroger does not collect personally identifiable information passively from their customers and prevent unauthorized access of information about their customers. Main body This essay seeks to examine Kroger’s informational privacy issues regarding how they treat information provided by both their customers and employees. The paper will also assess whether the company asks its employees questions that that may be improper. The impropriety will then be identified. The Kroger’s employment agreement consists of 20 sections. The last section expressly talks about confidentiality of agreement terms. At Kroger, employment agreements are treated with utmost confidentiality. The terms of employment agreements are normally held in strict confidentiality by the executive authority of the company and cannot be disclosed to anyone other than the employee’s spouse, his or her legal counsel, and to other authorities if required by law. With the exception of the preceding circumstances, an executive or an employee is forbidden from revealing the existence of an employment agreement and discussing its contents with anybody including employees of Kroger Company and its affiliates without getting a nod from the company’s board of directors. If by any chance Kroger discloses the terms of this agreement in a public filing, the confidentiality requirements cease to apply (Kroger Co, 2002). This employment agreement is well crafted. However, the last section, section 20 that talks about the confidentiality of the employment agreement has some issues that appear repressive. The agreement only allows the executive or employee to share the contents of the employment agreement with their spouses, legal advisors, and their other advisors, or unless compelled by law. This requirement appears ambiguous because the executive’s colleague workers may be categorized under advisors, sharing information with them may attract punitive measures with regard to a provision that outlaws the employee or the executive’s attempt to allude to the existence of the agreement with their employees. Employment agreements are known to exist and trying to gag t
Toys that I used to play with as a kid included kitchen sets, Barbie dolls, miniature toy superheroes, and toy cars. Children’s toys are rather gender-specific and should be used appropriately (Kendall, 2020). Kitchen sets were supposed to be played by girls, and toy cars were suited for small boys. The comprehension and connection with my kitchen set or Barbie dolls made me realize several issues during the game. I saw my parents, the activities they did with each other; I assumed I was playing them. I had it in my head that the mother was the primary caregiver. The mother feeds the children and the dad at home. In my play, I was in charge of the ‘kitchen’ and ‘toy children.’ I snapped when my sister came to my cafeteria because I thought it would be my fault if anything goes wrong. Pretending to play lets children discover their environment by leading to the development of strained connections. Nevertheless, it is often the things that have been learned and experienced that helps them learn to communicate with the community. Taking part in young children’s games is essential for kids to engage and socialize with their friends to build confidence and personality. Importantly, they can thus demonstrate their abilities and learn from their peers when they are still young. Children commonly use toys to facilitate their encounters to form friendships (Ibáñez-Cubillas et al., 2017). A toy car was one of my favorite objects when I was younger. This specific toy car helped me to make friends with other children both in school and in the community. When I grew up, I was what people called the ‘tom boy,’ I opted to play with girls and not with boys. I have learned skills and ideas as well as how to connect to others through exchanging toys.