ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The world of live events, terrorist attacks, or accidents that result in hundreds or thousands of deaths in a few minutes is the world of today. Information travels fast but gets lost even faster, so while the first-minute reactions appear to be tremendous and game-changing, nothing happens after. This reality creates a colossal disproportion, and cases that require most of the attention possible, like suicidal rates among youth, tend to be ignored, as they are deeply disturbing and challenging to approach. Still, while it is a sensitive issue, suicides cannot be put aside, now is the time when their rates increase, and newer generations of adolescents are more exposed to this risk than ever. The current situation worldwide is concerning, as the number of factors influencing adolescents’ lives increases exponentially. The documentary under analysis was filmed more than ten years ago, and even back then, the professionals signaled their awareness about the levels of anxiety, stress, depression, fears among teenagers. Unfortunately, the situation has not gotten better since then. Most of the young people reported that considering committing suicide was not because they wanted to die, but because they could not bear the pain and emotional hurdles they faced daily (Murphy, 2009). Another reason was that they could not think of any other ways to release the accumulated anger and show the world how great was their suffering (Murphy, 2009). It is also not the topic any authorized agencies are eager to discuss, knowing they have failed to be there for those kids or pay enough attention to the signs (Murphy, 2009). As mental health issues are still not a part of the worldwide agenda and are considered less important than academic performance, the fight for the paradigm shift becomes harder. Among the factors associated with suicide are stress, peer pressure, bullying, family issues, relationship troubles, and more. Adolescence is the time when social connections become most important, and perception by others greatly affects one’s self-esteem. The signs are not always easily trackable; for example, pediatricians pick up on around a fifth of adolescents at risk, while in 90% of the cases, parents have no idea something is going wrong with their child (Murphy, 2009). Although sometimes teenagers are leading a double life, hiding the darker side of it and generally doing well, it is more often than they send various signals about their depression or anxie
Introduction Described by a number of writers as one of the landmark achievements by World Trade organization, the General Agreements on Trade services (GATS) was hatched in Uruguay round of talks and its results came into force in 1995. The precipitating factor for GAT was the success of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that sought to create an acceptable atmosphere for international trade. According to World Trade organization (2010), “creating a credible and reliable system of international trade rules; ensuring fair and equitable treatment of all participants (principle of non-discrimination); stimulating economic activity through guaranteed policy bindings; and promoting trade and development through progressive liberalization”. These are the factors that contributed to the initiation of GATs. The provision of quality healthcare has been a hot topic for decades. Thus is because healthcare costs have continued to soar and the humanity is faced by ever complicated medical conditions. National health care expenses are projected to reach over $2.8 trillion and be over 16 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) by 2011 according to the (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDCP, 2003), (Kaiser Family Foundation [KFF], 2007). This suggests that the overall cost of quality health care is beyond the reach of the average citizen. It is ther
Many discussions have risen as to whether the war in Afghanistan and Iraq were necessary for United States to get involved in. Whether the wars were necessary or not, there are some effects that we have to live with that reminds us of them. To start with, both wars consumed an estimated $2.4 trillion; the effect of these wars was felt in many economies of the world especially Iraq and Afghanistan. American economy was not spared either; there have been numerous concerns on the amount of spending that is put into wars. Another debate that has also arisen is the effect of the war on the economy as well as the economic prospects. The effects of the wars are negative; the reasoning behind this is because the war was understated as the white house advisor had estimated the war would spend an estimated $ 200 billion instead an enormous $ 2.4 trillion was spent. A big difference therefore exists from the final figure that the war consumed as the government had to add more money meant for other developments. The understatement of the cost could be attributed to the fact that Bush administration thought it as a war that would take a small time hence inexpensive but to their surprise it took more time. The economy was hurt through the budget as a lot of money which would have been used to run the economy was used to fund it. An estimated $12. 5 billion was spent in Iraq in a month while another $16 billion was spent in Afghanistan every month as the operating expense (Bilmes Para 5). The operating expenses were funded by the funds from emergency appropriations: this amount of money could have been used to try and fight recession which was and still affecting the country. The budget of 2007 that was used to finance Iraq was $138 billion; such amount of money would have hired thirty thousand teachers, provided Medicaid facility for about 45 million Americans and also would be used to build about four hundred schools. The illustration shows the opportunity cost of getting involved in war in comparison with the services that could be availed to the public. Not only has the war affected the economy through the national budget but there has also been a decrease in household spending. Through an estimated by the Joint Economic Committee, by the year 2017 estimated $46,400 will be the increase in each household in terms of the taxation. The meaning of this is that the household would have a lesser amount of money to spend, as a bigger portion of it will be directed to supporting the war. According to the principles of economics, less income translates to decrease in demand, which also results to lesser production. A continuous trend leads the country having a lesser GNP (Teslik Para 4). Another way the economy is been affected is due to increase of commodity prices in the market due to increase in toll on prices. The mostly affected commodity is crude oil, which has increased consistently as a result of the war. The increase in oil c
Executive Summary Disney Amusement Theme Park is one of the world’s most famous parks. The Disney Park in Paris is considered to be “a little America” in the heart of France. These days, it is one of the most favorite amusement parks in the country, however, the history of its development in Paris faced considerable difficulties and oppositions from the French people that led to the lack of success. The French considered the park to be an invasion of American culture into their national culture. It was due to the misinformation and assumptions, as well as the no compromise attitude the owner adopted for the foreign resorts. The misconceptions were related to the wrong communication and the way the park was portrayed by the French. The stakeholders did not consider the particularities of the French culture and customs. There were considerable operational misshapes as to the French and American food culture, management and attitude to employees who were forced to speak English only. Thus, Disney did not consider the cultural differenced and was bad prepared for establishing resort in Paris. The report provides several recommendations that might help Disney Park attract more visitors and improve its management operation. First of all, there should not be any assumptions made, assumptions lead to misconceptions of the culture; a better research of the country and its customs should be done to ensure that integration will be smooth and will not impact traditions of the country; finally, there
Augustus of Primaporta (c.20 BCE) and The Doryphoros (Polykleitos, 450 BCE) The two works of art represented in this article are visual arts taking the form of sculpture. They are both representational, representing a person or a technique (Ridgway, 1984). Augustus represents an individual, whereas the Doryphoros represents a technique. The two works are three dimension artworks, made of bronze originally, but the current works are copies made of marble. The artists cut different sizes of marble and molded them, thereby putting the pieces together. They used contour lines to show the face and curved lines to show the body posture. Diagonal lines describe the structure of the hands. Horizontal and vertical lines show the area that holds the artwork. There are organic shapes showing the bodies of the images represented. There is a balance in the work since the images fill the entire space forming a symmetrical balance (Ridgway, 1984). The Augustus has a visual texture of smoothness on the body parts, but a rough texture on the clothes adorned on the image. On the other hand, a smooth texture can be seen on the Doryphoros. The artists used one key shade and tint. The different shades of brown create a high level of unity in the artwork. The Doryphoros shows a value of darkness, whereas the Augustus has a value of light. There is plenty of symbolism in the work. The sculpture (Augustus) represents the first emperor of Rome, Augustus (Ridgway, 1984). The name Augustus means “supreme Ruler.” The artist shows clearly that Augustus was a significant ruler in ancient Rome, with remarkable support from the Roman Senate. The reasoning behind this is that he accepted their traditions. There is a young boy sitting on a dolphin near the main image’s right leg. This symbolizes Augustus’ descent from a goddess called Venus. It also emphasizes the importance of polytheism (worship of many gods) in Ancient Rome. The fact that he has no shoes shows his divine nature, and the respect accorded to gods and goddesses in the Roman Empire. The model also shows a connection between Augustus and the politics of Athens (Ridgway, 1984). There are several figures on the garment and some of these include; a navel and suckling babies (a symbol of peace and prosperity). In essence, the sculpture portrays a contemporary society whereby some leaders view themselves as God’s choice, and thus abuse people’s rights while arguing that authority comes from God. The Doryphoros is a symbol of the artist’s passion for Greek mathematics, philosophy, music and politics. The artwork shows symmetrical balance in things. The artist’s main concern is mathematics. He insists that small body parts can be used to determine the length and width of large parts, through multiplication of their measurements. The artist used the chiastic principle, which has its roots in the Greek term chi. The term describes something formed by integration of straight and curved lines when making an object. The figure shows the tension and relaxation that the artist felt, are the ways used to create balance of t
Amazon is a Seattle-based Fortune 500 company that was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos and launched the next year. Back in a day, the company has become one of the first large Internet sellers. Looking at the industry giant that Amazon has grown to be over the last 25 years, it is difficult to believe that the business had humble beginnings. It started as an online book store; however, thanks to Jeff Bezos’ thoughtful guidance, the range of goods offered on the platform was quickly diversified (Rossman, 2016). Soon, Amazon’s customers were enjoying DVDs, electronics, video games, and clothing. In 1998, Bezos became Time’s “Person of the Year” for his contribution to online shopping. The Seattle-based company started an aggressive expansion campaign in the 2000s. As of 2019, Amazon runs 13 country-specific sites, and nine countries enjoy Amazon Prime – a subscription-based service with a fast delivery. Prime-eligible countries include the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, Canada and Austria. Amazon does not provide any public information on exactly how many people use Prime worldwide. However, apparently, the service is reaching broader audiences at a steady pace. For instance, in 2015 alone, the number of Prime subscribers across the board saw a 51% surge (Statista, 2019). The question arises as to exactly what competitive advantages allowed Amazon to reach out to foreign markets, especially given the presence of serious contenders. Ever since the 1990s, the world has seen the rise of online shopping and the emergence of such giants as AliExpress, Alibaba, and TaoBao (Enright, 2016). In the case of Amazon, the client’s interests take front and centre of the company’s strategies which capitalise on using every opportunity to harness the unprecedented tech revolution. The passion to serve the customer and gain a competitive advantage over numerous contenders was the impetus to innovation and has become one of the pillars of Amazon’s transnational strategy (Grigorescu & Zaif, 2017). The other important concept behind the corporation’s strategy is the empowerment of partners and collaborators by providing them with various benefits. Amazon’s success and survivability largely relies on its ability to attract third-party sellers to its platform (Zhu & Liu, 2018). Voigt, Buliga, and Michl (2017) describe the various advantages that small business can gain from joining Amazon. By using an online platform, they have a chance to expand their customer base. On top of that, some businesses may discover that they can get by without having actual physical outlets. One may wonder as to why the relationship between Amazon and its partners matters in the context of running business transnationally and how it has become a crucial part of the corporation’s strategy. A prime example to illustrate th
Introduction A moral hazard is risky behavior that is demonstrated by one side of a financial transaction because of information asymmetry that is present (Rowell and Connelly 1051). It needs to be said that such actions are considered to be legal, but they can be viewed as extremely dangerous and unnecessary from an economic perspective. One of the issues that are currently present is that this aspect is often not taken into consideration by most companies. Discussion International Monetary Fund (IMF) financing can be viewed as one of the best examples that can be used to explain the reasoning behind such an attitude. It should be said that financial institutions that are supported by the organization demonstrate behavior that is reckless because they do not take full responsibility for their actions and do not assess the risks that are associated with some of the operations such as excessive landing. Such actions are necessary in some cases, but the level of moral hazard should be taken into consideration. One of the most significant issues is that should be noted is that it is nearly impossible to monitor the actions of the other party most of the time, and it may lead to severe consequences that should not be disregarded (Stevens and Thevaranjan 125). This aspect cannot be overlooked because it may result in problems in financial markets. Some changes to the way the organization functions may be necessary to address some of the issues that are currently present. Conclusion In conclusion, it is paramount for every institution to consider the risks that are associated with the moral hazard, and to take necessary measures to prevent any complications that may occur because it may hurt the global economy in some cases. Works Cited Rowell, David, and Luke B. Connelly. “A History of the Term “Moral Hazard”.” Journal of Risk and Insurance 79.4 (2012). Print. Stevens, Douglas E., and Alex Thevaranjan. “A Moral Solution to the Moral Hazard Problem.” Accounting, Organizations and Society 35.1 (2010): 125-139. Print.
Introduction Advancement in technology has brought about revolution in telecommunication industry. This has led to increased use of camera phones and digital cameras in the United States. Estimates show that nearly half of American families have cameras. Moreover, they also show that nearly 40% of the families have camera phones. This shows that people have embraced technology. However, it is worrisome that some people risk their lives to use these gadgets. For instance, a graduate student (Jamal Albarghouti) took footage of the Virginia student massacre on a camera phone. Similarly, another 19 years old college student (Ho) took footage of plane crash on a digital camera. These cases provide examples of citizens who risk their lives to take video footages (Rottenberg and Winchell 262-265). Summary of the two articles Praise for Student’s footage of Virginia tech Mass killing The article by Lily Yulianti narrates about a chilling event at Virginia Tech. Yulianti reports how a Palestinian graduate student (Jamal Albarghouti) took footage of mass killings at the college using a phone camera. Albarghouti took a detailed footage of the event. Yulianti mentions in the article that Larry King, a news reporter with CNN, was amazed at Albarghouti’s achievement. The article goes through the event as taken in the footage. It mentions mass shootings, which was experienced at the College. In addition, the article covers Albarghouti’s interview with Larry king. Yulianti’s main concern in the article is about Albarghouti’s safety (Rottenberg and Winchell 262-265). She could not understand why Albarghouti stopped and take footage of events in such a commotion. Moreover, he was not a professional journalist. The article describes how Albarghouti gave an account of the event to King. Yulianti describes Albarghouti’s account on the event as clear and firm. However, she also notes that Albarghouti was used to such hostilities back in Gaza. Later on, the author introduces the citizen journalism debate, which has received criticism from traditional media. She therefore wonders why exclusive reports from citizen journalists are met with suspicion by the mainstream media (Rottenberg and Winchell 262-265). Disaster Photos: Newsworthy or Irresponsible The second article is about a debate on whether photos taken by survivors are newsworthy or irresponsible. The article begins by recounting how plane crashes have prompted concerns by safety investigators. In addition, it gives a detailed description of London bombings as well as witness photos from survivors. The article wonders why victims put the lives at risk to take pictures during tragic events like plane crash. It goes on to give a story of Ho, a student who took pictures of a plane crash disaster,
Introduction Human beings’ population around the globe has experienced many changes. The population of an area can exhibit either an increase or a decrease. The two major aspects relating to the development of the demographic transition theory are birth and death rates. These two determine the population of a given place over a given period; therefore, they form the basis for the demographic transition theory. Statisticians express it in terms of the birth and death rates per 1000 people in a population. Modernization and Demography The demographic transition theory represents the changes from high death and birth rates to significantly low rates over a given period. The demographic transition model shows the stages that are involved in the reduction of these rates. It is important to note that the rate at which these changes occur is dependant on the level of industrialization that a give geographical area has experienced (Cadwell and Schindlmayr 418).This brings in the concept of modernization. The concept asserts that human beings will always put efforts to better their life situations. A good example is the development of automobiles to enhance transport and the invention of medicine to cure some of the diseases that affect humans. It is obvious that different parts of the world differ as far as industrialization and civilization are concerned. Putting this into consideration, the demographic transition theory/model gives the stages that populations pass through as the birth and death rates pass during their decline. The model has five major stages. The first stage is associated with a low population growth and an equal rate of births and deaths. All human populations were at this stage until the 18 th century when industrialization began in Western Europe. The rates were above 30 per 1000 people. The second stage involves a decrease in death rates while the birth rates remain high which results to population increase. This stage represents the period immediately after the Agricultural Revolution of the 18 th century. During this period, there was increased food and water supply in most regions of the world especially in the West. The revolution enhanced the improvement of the living standards of the people hence the decrease in death rates. The third stage is the part of the model whereby the population moves towards stability whereby, the birth rates decrease as opposed to the second stage. Owing to this, both the birth and death rates are
Introduction Leadership is the process of putting up a practice for people to throw in their efforts to make something happen (Burns 1978, p. 6). In a nutshell, leadership is perceived to mean the capacity to put in order a group of people to accomplish a common objective. The kind of a leader that an organization has will determine the direction that the organization will take in terms of development. Visionary and exemplary leaders will steer an organization to prosperity and success, while inefficient leaders will drive the organization to disarray and disorder (Burns 1978, p. 6). The people under a leader will often derive their modes of behavior from their leader. They always look upon the leader to give them directions and instructions that are aimed at steering the organization forward (Chen, & Silverthorne, 2005, P. 289). The overall definition of leadership is not easy to find. However, most definitions of leadership include elements found in the standard definition proposed by Stogdill (1974, p. 5). Stogdill defined leadership as a process of influencing the actions/operations of a structured group of people to establish or achieve a specific goal. Leadership as a process entail three fundamental aspects: First, influencing people to act in a given manner; second, working with individuals as a group; and last but not least, influencing the group towards goal setting or goal attainment (Stogdill, 1974, p. 5; Sosik & Godshalk, 2000, p. 366). The most recent debates on leadership concepts tend to stress on the leader as manager. Nonetheless, both new and old concepts of leadership view leadership as a process where leaders recognize what is considerable for the organization (Gitsham & Wackrill, 2012, p. 2; O’Connor, 2005, p. 268). This study will explore the leadership process in different contexts and will mainly focus on the hospitality industry. The essay will also examine specific leadership requirements in the industry using specific companies as examples. Styles of Leadership Over the last century numerous studies have been conducted on leadership. Among them are studies related to different styles of leadership (Sosik & Godshalk, 366). According to Northouse (2004, p. 7), leadership style is the prototype behavior of leaders and how they related to their juniors. Woods and King (2012, p. 4) defines leadership style as a pattern of relations between the management and junior staffs, which includes organizing, directing, method and mode used by the management to inspire the junior employees. The styles of leadership are influenced by a number of factors and these include: organizational environment, leadership traits and characteristics of the junior staff (Al-Ababneh, 2013, p. 94). As a result, leadership styles can be identified in accordance with the