ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Galileo Galilei was a person who made immense contributions to science throughout his life. However, despite his genius nature, as all intelligent people, who contradicted the Bible, he had a grave conflict with the Catholic Church, which provoked the Inquisition against him. His struggle with the hegemony of the Catholics of the seventeenth century was legendary. The career of Galileo Galilei suffered because he had an ideological conflict with the church, which is why he could not express his opinions freely. Firstly, Galileo had never wished for a career in astronomy and precise sciences. Moreover, Galileo attended a monastery school and wanted to become a doctor to please his father, who had great expectations for his son. However, during the years in monastery, the future scientist understood that he had no interest in biology, whereas mathematics and philosophy seemed far more interesting to him (Gatttei). The longing for the precise sciences made him switch subjects at the school, where Galileo had been studying hard for years. Despite all the lengths and hardships he had to endure, Galileo left university without getting an appropriate degree and instead turned to private tutoring. He wrote his first treatise, Cosmography, which used the traditional works of Aristotle and Ptolemy, who put the Earth in the center of the universe (Findlen and Marcus, 334). Galileo used his first book to teach his students astronomy and learn about the cosmic bodies. During the next years, he had been working as a mathematics professor in the university, where he started disproving the Aristotle’s theory he supported beforehand. Unfortunately, these beliefs were quite unpopular during that time, which is why the contract he signed at university was not renewed later. However, Galileo continued his work; he conducted thousands of experiments, scientific observations and studies (Gatttei). These experiments led the scientist to create a devise that made distant objects seem closer – the telescope. Since Galileo now possessed a powerful scientific weapon, he could do anything. He started from discovering mountains on the Moon, Jupiter’s satellites, and countless stars never seen before because of the lack of appropriate equipment. His discoveries along with his mathematical mind put him ahead of the seventeenth’s century people. Then, he found something that would drastical
Introduction The telecommunication industry in New Zealand is characterized by numerous small firms. The firms are operating in a small domestic market and are poorly funded. Consequently, the chances of growth are limited. Magic Pulse being one of the firms in the industry is considering internationalization as its growth strategy. This paper analyzes Magic Pulse’s internationalization strategy. It focuses on the markets that the firm should join and the entry mode that should be adopted by the firm. Internationalization of Magic Pulse Mr. Murphy should internationalize magic Pulse. This is because the SWOT analysis (in the appendix) reveals that the firm’s growth in the domestic market is limited by the threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products and high competitive rivalry. Besides, the firm is weak financially. Internationalization will give it an opportunity to expand its market share thereby increasing revenue. It will also enable the firm to enjoy economies of scale as it expands its operations. Markets to Join Australia Magic Pulse should join the Australian market due to the following reasons. It will be cheap to join Australian market due to its close proximity to New Zealand and lack of travel barriers. This will not only reduce travelling costs, but will also enable Mr. Murphy to manage the firm in the domestic market. Similar legal requirements between New Zealand and Australia will help in reducing the cost and time required to establish the firm in Australia. Thus Mr. Murphy will be able to recover the cost of expansion within a short timeframe. The high growth in Australia’s hair dressing and beauty industry will ensure steady growth in demand for Magic Pulse’s product. Besides, the Australian hair dressing industry has a large number of firms. This increases the chances of selling more units of Magic Pulse’s products. Since the hair dressing industry is at its maturity stage, firms are likely to focus on product differentiation and improving the quality of their customer services. Consequently, they are likely to resort to kitomba to improve the quality of their customer services. United Kingdom The suitability of UK can be explained as follows. Since the legal requirements in UK are similar to those in New Zealand, MR. Murphy will find it easy and cheap to comply with the law. The UK market is likely to facilitate high growth since
Executive Summary During the seventy-year period when Azerbaijan was a part of the Soviet Union, the country’s economy was the most developed in the Caucasus region; its growth was associated with the expansion in the sphere of oil and gas exports while non-export spheres such as real estate and banking also showed tremendous growth. Therefore, foreign businesses are interested in entering the market due to the appealing growth of the gas and oil sector in a region that can bridge the East with the West. With benefits come challenges; this report identified four categories of risk factors a business should take into account when dealing with the gas and oil industry of Azerbaijan. Such risk factors include economic vulnerabilities, corruption, instability of gas projects, as well as links between oil and governance. Among the four risk factors, corruption in the natural resources industry, land and tax administration, as well as the judicial system is regarded as the most concerning since it has an impact on the increase of costs for companies that will be forced to bribe governmental officials to secure their business. When entering the gas and oil sector of Azerbaijan, the CEO of the company should determine whether the risk factors outweigh the positive aspects of the industry. While the growth of the industry has slowed down in the recent years, there is financial backing from SOFAZ that has been effective in countering inflation and positively affecting other aspects of the local economy through withholding a significant share of the total revenues from the country’s income. Introduction: Brief Country Description Azerbaijan (Republic of Azerbaijan) is a country situated between Southeastern Europe and Southwest Asia; it re-acquired the status of an independent state from the Soviet Union in 1991. Starting from 1994, foreign investors have been interested in the economy of Azerbaijan due to the vast potential of the gas and oil sector. Many businesses around the globe seem to be the most interested in the Caspian region as a whole because they see a tremendous benefit the region can bring. Despite the fact that Azerbaijan was affected by the global financial crisis, currently, a renewal of interest among international investors can be seen. To this day, Azerbaijan is working on developing a cohesive market infrastructure, especially in the tax, legal, and banking spheres as they link to the international business community (PWC 2016). However, businesses entering the country are presented with a unique challenge due to the complications in assessing real risks and making decisions based on reality instead of perceptions. According to the report conducted by the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2016), 34.5% of the overall country GDP belongs to the oil-gas sector. At the beginning of 2016, there was a 5.1% increase in the value added produced in the non-oil se
Situation Definition The situation involved three entities: Google, Facebook, and Burson-Marsteller. All three companies are reputable in their distinctive fields. Google is an online search company that dominates the online advertising space. Facebook is the biggest social media platform but is second in the technology sector, only behind Google. Both companies recognize the potential their competitor has especially within their field. Google launched its social media platform known as Google+. Facebook enlists the services of the public relations (PR) company, Burson-Marsteller to help it evaluate the competition posed by Google. Two employees of the PR company, Jim Goldman and John Mercurio, started to contact reporters and technologists. This was in a bid to get them to write stories alleging privacy infringements and violation of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) rules by Google regarding its Social Circles application. Mercurio is exposed when a blogger reveals emails sent to advance this agenda. When the story breaks, Google declines to comment. Burson-Marsteller distances itself from the actions of these individuals, citing deviation from standard operating procedures. Lastly, Facebook claims it enlisted the help of the PR company to verify people’s negative attitudes towards the inclusion of their Facebook data in Google’s Social Circles. The ethical principles of public relations that were violated in this scenario include access, disclosure, truthfulness, and process (Grunig, 2014). The principle of access advocates for actions that allow others to function in the marketplace. The actions of PR firms should not stifle the voices of other companies. Disclosure encourages openness about clients and the ability to verify information obtained from the client. Truthfulness advocates for the release of information that can be easily authenticated. The process encourages the release of information that does not impede the activities of other organizations. Analysis of the Situation In the above case, there were ethical principles that were violated. These include the least harm, respect of autonomy, and justice (Public Relations Society of America, 2019). The principle of least harm dictates that no harm sho
Data touches every aspect of our day-to-day life, and with the advent of big data, companies are relying on data analytics to make informed decisions. According to Ernst & Young, analytics is hindsight, insight, and foresight of a company using data. Top-performing companies utilize analytics five times more as compared to lower performers who are more inclined to intuition. The tangible benefits of using data analytics include direct cost savings and improved performance. According to a recent internal audit survey by Ernst & Young, 80% of companies use data analytic during their internal audit life cycle to monitor a company’s financial health. The foresight that analytics provide is crucial in managing financial risks. Since data analytic can predict the future, risks potentially leading to losses can be determined and averted. When data is analyzed, sales managers can optimize sales effectiveness through data-driven insights. Sales reports and trends showing the product, zone, and division performances are created using analytic systems. This information is used by the sales managers to see where sales are not good, and loss preventative measures are then applied. Since reports and dashboards from an analytic system are immediate, hundreds of hours spent consolidating data are also saved (Ernst & Young). Therefore, analytic systems can give insight into business performance and prevent business losses, which are perceived as a business risk. Using analytics as part of a comprehensive program throughout the audit life cycle rather than on an ad-hoc basis is the way to go. Embedding data analytics into the audit plan can help monitor the company’s financial health by providing the risk assessment and results that add tangible value to the business. Businesses, therefore, stand to benefit from using analytics as a way of managing risks. Work Cited Ernst & Young. “Agile Analytics. What Is Your Data Really Telling You?” PowerPoint Presentation.
Introduction The healthcare sector experiences frequent changes due to the emergence of new diseases, medical technologies and research (Burns, 2012). In a bid to ensure that medical practitioners are able to treat and adapt to new changes in healthcare, change must take place. In this regard, the adoption of postmodern and complex science strategies becomes paramount. Indeed, healthcare is a complex matter and various obstacles are deemed to emerge while tackling complicated issues on the same (Burns, 2012). Trying to adopt change in a healthcare facility is challenging. Some of these challenges may be related to individuals, technicalities or change itself. Change resistance This is a common conflict that agents of change, face while adopting change. Resistance to change provides a tense conflict between the organization and individuals. In most cases, individual employees tend to defy new policies regarding new responsibilities and work procedures (Lorenzi & Riley, 2003). Such conflicts tend to halt any progress made by the organization in trying to improve performance. There are valid reasons why change to resistance is rampant in many healthcare organizations. One of the Reasons is that change tends to alter organizational culture and values (Lorenzi & Riley, 2003). It takes time for employees and managers to adapt to new organizational culture. Eventually, this may affect the performance of the employees. It is important to note that individual resistance to change may escalate to an organizational resistance. Eventually, a self-reinforcing nature of resistance may create a resistance environment (Lorenzi & Riley, 2003). This is a dangerous precedence when a healthcare organization resists against new healthcare strategies. In order to understand these conflicts, one must learn organizational dynamics that influence internal conflicts. Force fields Force fields conflicts normally involve two opposing forces. In this regard, a conflict may emerge when individuals responsible for change implementation have two positive goals, but unable to choose from either (Lorenzi & Riley, 2000). This means that managers with the responsibility to implement postmodern strategies are unable to choose between two strategies of equal value and importance. This conflict may halt the process of implementing change in a healthcare facility. Another conflict that emerges from two forces is when individuals are in a stalemate between two negative goals (Lorenzi & Riley, 2000). Such conflict is common when managers are expected to make a choice in purchasing a healthcare technology system. In this regard, individuals or managers are torn between th
Introduction An entrepreneur must understand the relationship between average and marginal costs within their business. The success of a firm is dependent on how much the owner knows since the body of knowledge can aid in a better decision-making process. Many startups have failed as a result of individuals ignoring the fact that their knowledge level can be impactful to the success of the business. In the field of business regardless of sector, having information concerning various aspects of the business protects a company from certain risks or losses. The paper focuses on the relationship between average and marginal costs and importance of an entrepreneur’s knowledge about it. Description of Average Cost and Marginal Cost Marginal Cost It is important for an entrepreneur or business owner to have information about the relationship between average cost and marginal cost. According to economists, the former refers to a change in the total costs when the number of goods produced alters by a unit. It is equivalent to the expenses of producing a single more unit of an item (Brouwer et al., 2019, p. 176). It comprises every cost that varies depending on the production level. For instance, in the event a company chooses to invest in another piece of equipment with the intention of producing more commodities, the expenses incurred will be the marginal cost. The cost varies based on the volume of produced goods (Brouwer et al., 2019, p. 176). Economic factors that influence it include positive and negative externalities, information asymmetries, price discrimination, and transaction costs (Brouwer et al., 2019, p. 177). It is important to understand that marginal cost is not associated with fixed costs (Edney et al., 2021, p. 13). An instance of computing marginal cost is: that producing one pair of shoes is thirty dollars (Craig, Grennan, and Swanson, 2021, p. 155). The total cost for manufacturing two pairs is forty dollars. The marginal cost in this scenario is ten dollars, as it is the amount that is above the cost of making the initial pair. Average Cost Economists state that average cost refers to total costs divided by the number of produced goods. One can additionally claim tha
Introduction In the context of UAE demographics, the population of Dubai has been rightfully considered the most diverse in terms of age, income, and socio-ethnic background, as this city is a conglomerate for tourists, business visitors, and migrants from the Asian region. Thus, the current population of Dubai constitutes nearly 3.5 million people, with men accounting for nearly 66% of the demographic (Dubai Statistics Center, 2021). Out of the population, as many as 3 million residents are expatriates, and only nearly 400 thousand people are native Dubai residents (Dubai Statistics Center, 2021). The expatriate community is mostly comprised of Asian residents from developing or underdeveloped countries, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Philippines, Iran, Nepal, and China (“Population,” 2019). Undeniably, there are also visitors from developed countries who come to Dubai for professional and business purposes. Being the most populous region in the UAE, Dubai is mostly populated by middle-aged residents from the 25-39 age group, constituting nearly 1.5 million people (Statista, 2019). The majority of the population has an intermediate or a university degree, with illiteracy rates being as low as 2% (Dubai Statistics Center, 2021). Such a statistic may contribute to promising employment rates and income, as according to Statista (2021), the GDP per capita in the UAE is currently nearly $40,000. The unemployment rates are reported to be less than 1% in Dubai, constituting nearly non-existent poverty rates in the region (Dubai Statistics Center, 2021). Thus, Dubai has seemingly no explicit issues related to social well-being of the population. However, according to some primary sources, the poverty in Dubai, although disclaimed economically, manifests itself in various ways. For example, there is a problem of poor and discriminatory living conditions for migrant workers who constitute the majority of the labor force (Mirandette, 2017). The health status of the population is gradually improving, but the “aging
The case study indicates disparities in relation to the offers made to potential car buyers visiting dealerships in Chicago area (Bell, 2011, p. 138). Blacks and white female ‘testers’ were charged more than white males. If the results of the study, including the names of the dealers and their locations, are made public, the entrepreneurs may lose many customers. The businesses may lose the market segment made up of blacks and white females (Bell, 2011, p. 138). In addition, the dealerships may face discrimination charges. As a result, the enterprises are likely to incur huge losses in terms of legal representation and compensation to plaintiffs. In addition, rivals may capitalize on this disclosure by offering competitive prices to the buyers. As such, they will be in a position to attract the individuals discriminated against by the dealerships. Consequently, the investors will only be left with the market made up of white men. To avoid discrimination from the dealers, ladies and black buyers may seek the company of a white man when visiting the dealership. Since male whites are not discriminated against, the move will ensure that the potential customer is treated well by the sales persons (Bell, 2011, p. 138). Lawsuits against such dealerships can also help reduce the number of discrimination cases. The black community can file legal suits against the companies with the hope that they will not be discriminated against in the future. White ladies who wish to purchase new cars can also do so through their husbands, sons, and male friends as long as these significant others are white. In addition, they can file a lawsuit citing gender discrimination.
Before Georgina came along the most valuable thing in Aylmer’s life was science. He had dedicated his life to this field, and he felt that nothing was of greater value than its study. Georgina came along, and everything changed for him. He even abandoned his life long career for the sake of love. After marriage, the only imperfection on her body, which is her birthmark, becomes unbearable to a point that he occasionally shudders when he sees it. The feeling grows in him until it becomes an obsession. It disturbs him so much that he even dreams of performing surgery on her. He sees it as the only thing that prevents the lady who changed his life from being perfect (Hawthorne 6). What he hopes to accomplish by removing it Aylmer hopes to achieve perfection. He believes that by removing it, she will be perfect. Though most men are content with the birthmark, Aylmer’s nature, personality and belief that science can solve anything makes it harder for him to appreciate the mark. He also wants to remove it so as to be happy again. At the beginning everything was perfect, he valued her more than anything else, but after they became married, the presence of the birthmark bothered him a lot. The fact that he occasionally reacted negatively after seeing it is also proof that he was not happy. In relation to the debate of science versus nature, he aimed at showing the greatness of science. The author tells us that the two things that mattered most in his life were the love for his wife and science. By using science to make her perfect, the results would support his claim that the best things that were offered by nature were inadequate. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Birthmark , S.l: Perfection Learning, 2007. Print.
Introduction The interactions between different cultures often become the subject of many empirical studies and theoretical discussions. Furthermore, this question is of great importance to business administrators who frequently interact with people representing different countries, societies, and even civilizations. Much attention is paid to such a concept as cultural convergence which can be defined as people’s tendency to adopt the values, behavior patterns, or the lifestyles of a different culture group (Pitzl 2004, p. 41). This term suggests that cultures are more likely to become similar to one another (Pitzl 2004, p. 41). Overall, it is possible to argue that different cultures do come closer together, and this trend manifests itself in various areas of life, including workplace relations, consumption, mass media, and so forth. Admittedly, there are cultural conflicts, but they arise due to economic inequalities and discrimination. This is the main thesis that should be elaborated more closely. Theoretical aspects of cultural convergence There are different various models which are aimed at examining the interactions between people who may have different value systems, behavioral norms, and worldviews. For example, it is possible to speak about cultural convergence theory according to which the differences between cultures will become blurred in the process of international communication (Fung, 2008, p. 347). This tendency is more likely to be widespread, if different participants see that a certain behavior is beneficial. Furthermore, this process has become more intensive at the time when information technologies significantly contribute to the spread of ideas and cultural icons (Fung, 2008, p. 347). Overall, this theoretical framework should not be overlooked by managers. In particular, they need to remember that the traditional views on cultural distinctions may not be valid. For example,