ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Policies Statement Los Angeles policies are directed at maintaining law in the society. Being a criminally overloaded region of the USA, California police tries to do all possible to implement order, protect obedient citizens and punish criminals. There are three levels of jurisdiction in the USA, federal, state and local. It has always been a rule that federal policies are directed at treason, piracy, and counterfeiting, however, the increased rate of crimes have made it necessary for the government to create a number of policies and regulations which violation leads to many years of imprisonment (Anderson & Jackson, 2004). It is generally accepted that there are two specific models, conflict and crime control and consensus and due process ones. To consider the model which exists in the Californian society, two policies are going to be compared and contrasted with the reference to their effectiveness and the role of different criminal justice system components in their implementation. Conflict and Crime Control Model vs. Consensus and Due Process Model Considering conflict and crime control and consensus and due process models, it should be stated that they have different goals and therefore implement various tasks. Packer (2004) describes in detail the contradictory aspects of these models. Pointing at the polar differences of these two models, Packer (2004) also dwells upon similar grounds, such as the US Constitution, the limits to the governmental rights to investigate and arrest people suspected in crimes, the procedural process, a day in court, and some other assumptions which are obligatory for legal systems no matter which model is implemented. Crime Control Model is explained by the importance of repression of criminal conduct, while Due Process Model is aimed at preventing and eliminating crimes. To understand the differences of these models in detail, the following features should be considered. Criminal justice should be gained via repression of crime in Crime Control Model, while in Due Process Model criminal justice is achieved via fundamental fairness of the legal process. According to Crime Control Model, police power should be directed at investigation where fact-finding is highly reliable. In case of Due Process Model, police power should be aimed at elimination of oppression of a person and the facts should not be used as the proofs for person’s guiltiness unless legal procedures are followed (Packer, 2004). Having an intention to compare and contrast California Three Strikes Law Statute (1994) and Consent Decree (2009), it should be stated that these policies tend to be guided by two different models. While California Three Strikes Law Statute (1994) is guided by Public Order or Crime Control Model, as it is directed at controlling order rather than protecting human rights and sacrificing human freedoms for maintaining order in the society. Consent Decree (2009) contradicts some aspects of the California Three Strikes Law (1994) that makes it Due Process Model, aimed at civil rights and stress
Finance is a vast field that encircles multiple subfields. Analyzing financial situations and investment opportunities are just a few examples that are part of the profession in the field of finance. Professional finance careers have been offered by organizations for more than a decade. Certain large organizations have based their entire businesses on providing professional financing services to various businesses.  1. What made you choose a career in finance?  2. What makes you eligible for this position?  3. Where do you see yourself after 5 years?  4. What are your strengths, and how can they make you more productive in this field?  5. What do you think are the challenges that are faced by finance professionals and how do you plan to overcome them?  6. How would you contribute to the organization’s progress?  7. What was your stress situation in your previous job? How do you plan to manage it?  8. How will you find the edge in this competitive field?  9. How much salary do you expect? 10. What advice would you give to someone who is planning to take up professional financing as a profession? Personal Financing Planning Mathematics and numbers have been my strengths from the very beginning. My father was an engineer. He wanted me to become an engineer like him, but I was more inclined towards the field of commerce, and eventually, my father came to terms with this fact. Professional financing is not just about managing finances, it also requires a thorough knowledge of the market conditions, which is something that the majority of finance professionals lack. I, on the other hand, surely possess the required knowledge and understanding to analyze the market situation at any given time. A career in finance is a vast field of opportunities. It is hard for me to exactly point out where I would be in the next five years, but if I am given a chance then I would try to excel as much as possible in my field. As mentioned before that a profession in finance is not just about managing finances; there is more to it. My interpersonal and technical skills have helped me in the past when it comes to making financial plans
Summary Medhurst Derek and Richards Dave (2006) are the authors of the article with the above title. The authors work for D&D Excellence limited. The article is all about quality management strategies using a model called EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management).The article provides reasons in support and against the model. One of the reasons against this model is that there are other models that are perceived to be compatible with European organizations because they have been put to test elsewhere and the results were quite impressive. However, the authors are also in support of this model and they do this by presenting the indicators of success that were visible in organizations that have used the model in the recent years. This is just an example of the excuses highlighted by the article. However, I really like the article because the authors have done a commendable research on their arguments and in fact, they have justified facts to support the arguments. The Key Learning Points The authors of the article are mainly concerned about the pros and cons of using EFQM model. According to the article, the model is just but a system hence its success will rely on the input of people that will be using it. There are eight objectives that must be observed for the implementation of the model to be a success. The first objective of using the model is to improve the quality of goods and services. This is done by introducing new standards that must be met by the organization. After the quality has been improved, it is expected that there will be a balance between satisfied and dissatisfied customers. This implies that currently there is an imbalance between the two, and possibly the number of dissatisfied customers outweighs the number of satisfied customers. The research carried out in a period of five years using the EFQM indicates that the companies that applied the model recorded an improvement in sales return, operating income, and total revenue. The authors emphasize on the need to have confidence while trying out the model, despite the reports, which suggest that the model have failed in other companies. The authors point out clearly that EFQM is just a structure and hence it should be used appropriately. In regard to this, the authors state that the article addresses many areas and incase an area has been omitted it should be incorporated appropriately. The areas that
The Tuskegee Experiment was held in Tuskegee, Alabama during 1932-1972. The US Public Health Service conducted this experiment, which is the most notorious example of unethical research practices. Participants in the experiment were deceived into believing they were receiving free treatment for syphilis. However, in reality, they received a lethal injection, resulting in 28 of the 399 participants dying from syphilis, 100 from related medical complications, and 40 of the participants’ wives and 19 children becoming infected during the experiment (“The deadly deception,” 2021). Although penicillin was a cure for syphilis since 1947, the participants were forbidden from taking the drug to continue the experiment. The scientists aimed to test how the disease would develop at different stages by conducting experimental treatments on the participants. Surprisingly, there are still opinions today that the experiment was misunderstood and that the end of the research justified the means. This attitude towards human life is monstrous and comparable to genocide or experiments on people in concentration camps during World War II. After the general public learned about the experiment, the National Human Investigation Board and institutional review boards (IRBs) were created. Modern thinking and ethical standards strictly prohibit misleading experimental participants about its goals (Polit & Beck, 2018). In particular, the practice of full disclosure is the most acceptable way to invite participation. Covert data collection involves gathering information without notifying participants. Another controversial data collection technique is deception: this method can be used, for example, in determining the extent of internal processes of some illegal practices, such as drug use. Modern ethical principles protect the rights of participants, including the right to freedom from harm and discomfort, the right to protection from exploitation, the right to self-determination, and the right to full disclosure. Compliance with these rules is inevitable in the modern world and they must be respected under any circumstances.
Introduction The essay is a comparison of two major films, ‘The Story of Qin Ju’ released back in 1992 and ‘Ermo’ released in 1994. It is worth noting that both the films are of Chinese background. The two are under the genre comedy drama films directed Zhang Yimou (The story of Qin Ju) and Zhou Xiaowen (Ermo). The two films have two female protagonists developing different themes as well as other characters. Concerning ‘The story of Qin Ju’, the main actress Qin Ju although she is expectant and she was in her last trimester could not burry her head in the sand after seeing her husband kicked several times in the groin. She decided to visit the town and face the bureaucratic system of justice in her city. Through several appeal, Qin Ju secured justice. However, when she was about to deliver, she experienced some complication. Her husbands went ahead to wake the village head who later saved her life as Qin Ju was taken to the hospital and safely delivered a baby boy. Officials came to the village and took an x-ray of Qin Ju husband which later showed that he had a broken rib. The headman was taken to jail for a period of fifteen days. Her efforts of trying to block this did not yield any fruit. Ermo on the other hand is about a Chinese woman, Ermo who is hard working. Since her husband who was a chief suffers from a health complication that prevent him from undertaking any meaningful duties, she is responsible for taking care of him and their child by selling noodles. However Ermo is in some sort of competition and jealous with her neighbour who has a television set although no child. This means that every other child including Ermo’s son would wish to be in that family. For this reason she went an extra mile working outside her village so that she could afford the biggest television set ever seen in the village. Her quest of owning such a TV has ruined her family. Ideally, the culture of Chinese people is being washed away by westernization. Similarities between the protagonists A critical analysis of these two films clearly leaves the viewer with some incidences that are similar to both the protagonists; Qin Ju and Ermo. First and foremost, both the actresses are fully performing the duties of a woman based on the Chinese culture. We are told for instance from the onset that Qin Ju was not only living with her husband and their father but also with her sister. This is a clear indication that she performed her duties as a woman to ensure that the bond between family members is strong. Additionally, it is evident enough that she is performing her duties as a woman when she was pregnant for her husband. Similarly, Ermo acts on the similar position as Qin Ju. This is exemplified by the fact that since her husband who was a village head got sick and could not do any meaningful work, she took the mantle and engaged herself in selling noodles so that she could take care of her family. Her family constituted the ailing husband and their only son. According to Chinese culture, it is r
Introduction Organizational Memory (OM) is part of collective memory researches related to active action which searches for augmentation of the organizational capital by helping organizations in using habitual practices and embedded information mutually to predict and solve problems. Organizational Memory entails the coding of information sieved through different forms of intellectual capital; structural, relational, and human. Putting these intellectual capital forms into the practice of remembrance produces four interrelated but different OM models. These include; storage bin model, narrative model, innovative model, and the political resource model. OM as an intangible asset Proper management of OM increases its potential of improving the economic value of a firm. Efficient management of information in the form of OM enhances a firm’s capability of learning and developing innovative products and services. Secondly, it enhances a firm’s ability to adapt and maintain greater stability during change thus lowering business costs and time required to bring in new members or reorient those who
Introduction There is so much joy in a being a grand parent, especially because it presents a great opportunity to fall in love again, to play and to appreciate the thrill of developing minds. Grandparents have a chance to share those things that are and have been passionate to them with a new audience. They is joy in seeing the world through the eyes of younger minds, grandparent have a chance to engage in music, reading, nature, gardening and other interests in the company of young, curious mind. Interactions with grandchildren Grandchildren are a great source of love, laughter, optimism, energy, acitivity, and youthfulness to the grandparents. All these virtues help a grandparent to age gracefully and appreciate life and understand life purpose. A clear picture of what life is created in grandparent minds, and they are able to see things from an entirely different point of view. Through interactions with their grandchildren, grandparents have a chance use their extensive experience as parents to encourage their grandchildren and help them to do things differently. It also presents a good opportunity to watch children as they develop through all stages of their young lives. Children benefits from unconditional love from their grandparents. Grand parenting acts like an invitation to learn about children’s passions, their interest and provides those inputs that their parents cannot be able to provide. Grandparents are the family historians and are important in passing rich family traditions to a child’s life. Besides, the close contacts between the children and grandparent helps in teaching the children to have positive mind-set towards old age and the process of aging.
Group therapy and its use in addiction treatment Group therapy is a strong therapeutic tool and has been greatly effective over the years, in the treatment of substance abuse. On most occasions, it is as equally effective as the individual type of therapy, since the groups are associated with many traits that have good rewards. Some of these types of rewards include the reduction of isolation and quick recovery. This model of group therapy provides some information that is important to the client, who may require this service for the first time. The model also helps the peers in schools to avoid and abstain from any form of abuse of substances. The possibility of having a professional single treatment in the model also enables people using it to attend to a number of clients at the same time. The model has also been credited with the provision of feedbacks when tasked with providing the values and the abilities of the members of each group. The model helps in solving this problem since it helps the clients to overcome past experiences in their families that may be harmful. The substance model is also important as it gives the members the opportunity to learn the skills needed in the society. This helps them to cope with their everyday life instead of looking for solutions to end their abuse of substances. The substance and drug abuse is also solved through the support, encouragement, and reinforcement of members, when they are carrying out some anxious and difficult tasks. How counselors can intervene in the group process Counselors can intervene in the group process, when majority of the members are faced with the self-denial, to try and solve this problem by helping the members accept their own problems. The counselors can also intervene when there is a confrontation between the members, to help solve the problem. They can also intervene in the case of a critical situation when a member proves a hard nut to crack in trying to solve the substance abuse problem in him or her. Counselors are also important in the group process, as they provide information to the members concerning recovery and addiction, and also aid in clarifying issues and providing answers to the questions asked during the session. They can intervene in the case where the members of
Epicureanism Epicureanism can be regarded as the philosophy of Epicurus, an ancient Greek philosopher who lived between 341 and 270 B.C (Konstan, pars. 1). Epicureanism constitutes an interdependent system that harbours the following views: the main purpose of human life as being the achievement of happiness as a result of absence of physical “pain and mental disturbance”; empirical approach to knowledge; utilization of atomic materialism in the describing nature; and finally a natural account of evolution, from earth formation to human civilization (Annas 20). In his physical theory Epicurus believed that the basic constituents of nature were undifferentiated matter, in the form of discrete, solid and indivisible particles which fell below the threshold of perception, in addition to empty space (Konstan, pars. 4). He created a distinction between the atom which cannot be broken due to its nature, and the leased conceivable volume of matter. He asserted that atoms could be described as being minima as parts but were not minima themselves (Annas 23). Epicurus described the human soul as being composed of atoms. He asserted that everything was basically made of atoms and space. Secondly, he pointed out that an entity that was basically incorporeal was incapable of acting or being moved by along with the body in the way the soul do
Introduction Any person under the age of eighteen and is involved in any armed force or group passes for a child soldier. In Africa, the problem of child soldiers has been a social thorn for long given the incessant wars across the continent from West Africa through Southern regions and Eastern parts to Northern Africa. The definition of child soldiers transcends the conventional understanding of boys wielding arms out in the battlefield; the definition now covers girls that are left behind to offer services like cooking or spying (Gbowee, 2011). The idea of child soldiers thrives mostly in conflict situations to mean that, when a country faces civil war or rebel groups, children are recruited into fighting the war and as aforementioned, Africa plays host to many child soldiers especially because of the volatile political climate of the continent. Historically Many countries in Africa have gone through civil wars and political instability. These environments provide the perfect conditions for children to be recruited either by forces loyal to the government or the rebel groups. Uganda has suffered one of the longest civil wars since 1980 involving Joseph Kony against subsequent governments. Sierra Leone recruited child soldiers during the civil wars of the 1990s while Liberia too walked the same route in a bid to oust the then president Charles Taylor (Verhey, 2001, p. 5). The civil wars in Congo, Somalia, Angola, Sudan, and Ivory Coast all serve to show the extent of Africa’s polarity and degradation of democracy. Dictatorial governments have emerged over the years leading to uprising of rebel groups in opposition to the government of the day, which has been the root cause of civil wars in most African countries. Causes of Child Soldiers The presence of a conflict leads to disruption of the normal life of people living in the affected areas. Children no longer have access to basic social amenities like education because schools become inaccessible under war. Many disruptions occur in families and when escaping from the hostile environment, everyone goes his/her own way. The children are left on their own without protection by their parents or provision of basic needs like food and water. Seeking refuge from hunger and thirst, the rebel groups blackmail them into recruitment (“Child Soldiers Edition,” 2008). Recruitment into becoming soldiers remains as the only hope of escaping death through hunger. Such was the case in most African countries like Sierra Leone. When children see the atrocities extended to family members, vengeance becomes a driving force behind many child soldiers in Africa. African families are known to be firm and the society very social thus, when violence is perpetrated to some of them by forces loyal to dictatorial governments, the children may join the rebel forces to revenge for their famil