ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Department of Homeland Security is charged with protecting the US from terrorist threats and enhancing security (DHS, 2012). The vision of the DHS is to ensure a safe, secure and resilient homeland thereby providing a favorable environment for the success of American pursuits according to Dzikansky, Kleiman, & Slater (2011). This paper will outline the role of three state agencies in ensuring homeland security. These are the United States Coast Guard, the Office of Counter Terrorism and the New York City Police Department. According to Marks (2010), the importance of intelligence sharing is highlighted by the fact that recent disruptions in terrorist plans have often been carried out by several agencies. The Coast Guard maintains a presence in America’s maritime environment to ensure security and safety. The USCG falls within the jurisdiction of the DHS. The Coast Guard has nearly 42,000 active duty members, above 7,800 reservists, more than 8,300 civilian employees and at least 33,000 volunteer auxilliarists. The Coast Guard enforces security perimeters at critical installations. It also patrols the US waters and escorts ships at risk (Dzikansky, Kleiman, & Slater, 2011). Ports, Waterways & Coastal Security (PWCS) are the mission of the Office of Counterterrorism and Defense Operations policy in the Coast guard. The PWCS carries out maritime domain surveillance to gather intelligence. Marks (2010) argues that this intelligence can be used to carry out counter and anti terrorism activities. The Maritime Security Response Team is charged with conducting counterterrorism operations (Marks 2010). It responds to terrorist situations and aborts terrorist plans at the port level. The Coast Guard Intelligence Coordination Centre coordinates the sharing of intelligence between the Coast Guard and other intelligence agencies. This facilitates for a more informed strategy formulation in tackling terrorism threats facing the US (Dzikansky, Kleiman, & Slater, 2011). The Office of Counter Terrorism is a state agency in New York charged with the aversion, shielding against and preparation for terrorist threats and acts. The office of Counter Terrorism coordinates efforts with the New York State Police and other public safety agencies to fight terrorism. The OCT has four units (Dzikansky, Kleiman, & Slater, 2011). The intelligence and analysis unit collaborates with the New York State Intelligence centre to inform the OCT of terrorist related information. The Public Safety Unit collaborates with New York’s First Responder Community to aid in terrorism preparedness (Marks 2010). The Critical Infrastructure Protection Unit collaborates with public and private sector stakeholders to access and help in protection of critical infrastructure; this unit reduces America’s vulnerability to terrorism by preventing the use of critical infrastructure as weaponry (Marks 2010). Among the duties of the New York City Police Department is to defend the city against terror attacks. The Counterterrorism Bureau develops and implement
Introduction Driving demands a large quantity of attentiveness in order to keep the highway, and the users secure. Currently, scores of citizens have a driving permit without being capable of driving in a liable manner. This reveals the issue regarding handsets. When we reflect on it, numerous other aspects add up to mishaps. Ingestion, eating, applying makeup, and talking to commuters are as well a number of other rudiments that takes the drivers concentration away from the boulevard. Handsets are not an exemption, although they can furthermore be very helpful. On the other hand, they moreover present a risk for each person; as a result, I concur that handset use should be forbidden while driving. Many citizens pass on each day from road catastrophes. The gigantic majority of mishaps are because of slapdash driving. In various occasions, the citizens are fortunate enough to dodge of it with only several marks, others are not so fortunate. By chatting on a handset, the driver’s concentration is more on the discussion than on the path, and in case of an urgent situation he or she could not have sufficient moment in time to respond. The lesson of the penalty that handset use has is imperative, particularly to the juvenile cohort. It is common seeing people sending texts while driving. It appears unlikely that citizens are doing this kind of things even as operating an automobile. Whatever thing distracting the driver’s concentration from the road is competent to cause a mishap (Nilsson 21). Physical Distraction When utilizing a hand-held handset, drivers should take away one hand from the steering wheel to grasp and maneuver the phone. They should also get away their eyes off the highway, at any rate shortly, to hoist and lay down the handset and to phone up figures. Whilst bringing into play a hand-held handset, the driver needs to carry on concurrently operating the automobile that is, bundle, modify gear and apply sign, with just a single hand. Even though the physical distraction is much superior with hand-held handsets, there are several bodily actions with hands-free coordination. Although they do not require to be apprehended at some stage in the call, the drivers have to divert their eyes from the highway to position the handset and (frequently) compress in any case one key. Cognitive Distraction When rational (cognitive) functions are carried out concomitantly, the presentation of both duties is regularly shoddier than if they were executed disjointedly, since concentration has to be separated, or toggled, between the chores and the they have to battle for the similar cognitive practice. When a driver is utilizing a hand-held or hands-free cellular phone at the same time as driving, she or he should dedicate part of their concentration to operating the handset and sustaining the phone discussion and part to operating the automobile and act in
The topic of the project in question addresses the implications evidence-based practice (EBP) training among nurses can have on the scope of patient satisfaction with health care services. Essentially, the project seeks to meet five major objectives that tackle both the nurses’ and patients’ well-being in the hospital setting:   * The first objective of the project is to explore how nurses’ level of EBP knowledge and implementation affects the quality of services they provide to the patients. Since studies demonstrate that EBP implementation in the workplace contributes positively to the nurses’ sense of personal achievement, it is reasonable to assume that such an improvement will affect their motivation to perform work due diligence (Rodríguez-Nogueira et al., 2021). Hence, this project will help clinical specialists to explore the peculiarities of this connection.   * The second objective of the project is to improve the overall level of EBP knowledge and implementation among nurses in general hospitals. Even if the intervention of the project does not present the expected results in terms of correlation between patient satisfaction and EBP training, the latter is still an asset for the clinical setting. Indeed, the EBP implementation remains one of the objectives for many general hospitals.   * The third objective is to explore the connection between the EBP training programs and nurses’ job satisfaction. Job satisfaction and motivation are some of the pillars of meaningful and efficient nursing practice and community outreach. For this reason, this project seeks to identify the extent to which improving nurses’ level of expertise and self-awareness contributes to their mental well-being and dedication to the job.   * The fourth objective of the project is to develop and practice a comprehensive and time-efficient EBP introductory training for the nurses in general hospitals. One of the many reasons behind the lack of EBP implementation in the workplace is the nurses’ inability to find enough time for research and analysis. Thus, by presenting a three-day training program that takes nearly six hours to complete, the project may present insight into the patterns of meaningful EBP training in a busy hospital setting.   * The final objective of the project is to collect exhaustive feedback on the matter of patients’ satisfaction with the services provided by the nurses. Quality health care is one of the primary objectives of any clinical setting, so conducting a patient satisfaction survey is a beneficial way to gain insights into the existing strengths and weaknesses of the nursing staff. Thus, even if the hypothesis of the project is not justified, the facility will still obtain data on the areas for service improvement. All the aforementioned objectives for the project are focused on the integrity of services provided to the patients. The right to receive quality health care is one of the fundamental aspects of social justice, as it presupposes equal access to high-quality nursing care regardless
A recent article appearing in the Los Angeles Times entitled “Former Boeing engineer charged with espionage stands trial” , highlights an important issue with broad social, political, and ethical implications. Although the author of the article is not named, the Los Angeles Times is a reputable newspaper that last month published an article that highlights important sociological issues and concepts. Looking at the issue of deviance this article provides excellent insight into the phenomenon of international security and state secrets. Has the United States’ top aviation secret security been breached? Has a former Boeing engineer, Chinese-born Dongfan “Greg” Chung, committed treason for more than three decades? Seeking to analyze this timely case as well as the ethical values and principles which are impacted by the alleged theft by Mr. Chung (a naturalized American citizen it should be pointed out), this essay will explore an event that has been thoroughly documented by the Los Angeles Times and remains both topical and contemporary. We begin now with a brief overview of the alleged ethical and criminal matters surrounding Dongfan “Greg” Chung in a California courtroom. Introduction Facing charges in a California courtroom, Greg Chung is alleged to have passed along private and classified information to China for more than three decades without having been detected. His case represents the first in which a person is tried under the Economic Espionage Act which was passed in 1996. The charges he faces are severe and vary from conspiracy to economic espionage to obstruction of justice, lying to federal agents and being a foreign agent himself. Each charge is a hefty criminal matter with strong ethical implications. Did Mr. Chung knowingly deceive and lie for more than three decades while passing along private information to China, an economic adversary and a country which has had strained relations with the United States for more than a half century? Are deceit and mistrust the only ethical dilemmas faced by Mr. Chung? From the sociological perspective of deviance and ethics, this article certainly raises important issues. The following will explore the important ethical values raised by this case and the important sociological principles currently been
It is not in doubt that children should face disciplinary action incase of a misconduct. However, spanking, which is the most preferred disciplinarymethod, has aroused a heated debate on its effectiveness. While some parents uphold spanking as the most appropriate mode of disciplining their children, others argue that inflicting physical pain to the child can lead to negative consequences in the future. Numerous studies have come to the conclusion that children who are spanked are more likely to develop both behavioral and emotional problems. The proponents of anti-spanking further argue that these particular children suffer from depression and further experience low self-esteem as compared to those who are not spanked by their parents. This debate has left most parents confused as to the most appropriate mode of disciplining their children when they misbehave. However, it is apparent that the argument posited by the anti-spanking proponents is flawed as it will be established in this paper. The paper will also point out the need for parents to spank their children when called upon by circumstances without having to feel guilty about it. Most of the people against spanking do not differentiate the concept of spanking from beating. A bare-handed ‘swipe’ to a child’s bottom is not the same thing as hitting the child with a closed fist or any other mode of ‘discipline’ that is bound to leave the child with bruises. Such kind of abuse is not advocated but a clear distinction should be drawn to differentiate the two. This issue has gone too far that it has allowed the children to run the show. The current generation has the ability to successfully lure the authority to believe that the parents actually ‘beat’ them while all they received was a slight spank. Such situations have led the parents to shy away from disciplining them through spanking in order to avoid trouble. They tend to rely to other alternatives that have been proposed by the anti-spanking proponents such as withdrawing the child’s privileges or even allocating extra chores during their recession periods. However, what happens when a parent has ‘grounded’ their child due to misconduct only to learn later that the same child defied the punishment by leaving the house without their parent’s consent? The opponents, in their argument, fail to consider such extremes which are interestingly prevalent in our current generation. The current generation also seems to be inhabited by children with decayed morals. This is in contrast with the older generation who were brought up in the spanking culture. Take for instance the high rate of juvenile delinquency in the United States which seems to rise annually. The studies that indicate harmful effects associated with spanking have been based on children who are spanked in their teenage hood. It should be noted that parents who begin to discipli
Introduction In the twentieth century the Black society of the United States faced with the hope for rights movement for Black population of America. The figure of Martin Luther King Jr. in the early sixties displayed that the racial segregation should be stopped immediately. The argument of Dr. King provides a clear background of the real reasons of his arrestment and his desire to grab attention of the Christian society of Birmingham’s clergymen in Alabama. Dr. King was active in making all possible rational actions effective by means of personal verbal implementation. Such work is related to his Letter from a Birmingham Jail which was written by the King in spring 1963 for clergymen of main religious communities at the place, so that to pay their attention toward what exactly was happening in the field of civil rights for Black people in the US at the time. I totally agree with the points being stated in King’s argument. The evaluation of why Martin Luther King Jr. was imprisoned and to what effects it might lead is underlined due to five personal objections raised in the work by King, namely: his outside actions, intentions to break the law, precipitate violence, “unwise and untimely” activities (King para 1), and his extremist actions. All these points were incriminated to King by the White society of the time, so there should be a rational explanation of why the Dr. King objected to such statements, and how he constructed his arguments as of each within the objections. Discussion Dr. King was a great agitator and could make people listen to what he said. This prospect is outlined with the reason of why he had been arrested. In fact, people who supported the ideas of Martin Luther King Jr. organized a
Study Design This review                                                                            Scoping Reviews                                                  Systematic Reviews                           PRISMA- ScR                                                maps research on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Arab countries                       assess the extent of a body of literature on a particular topic  provide summaries of evidence itself         provides guidelines for conducting scoping reviews         relies on quantitative methods by accentuating the number of research articles on CVD  focus on quantitative methods                                    focus on qualitative methods                 uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods discloses the need for more research of chronic diseases in Arab countries             produce statements to guide future research                      produce statements to guide decision-making  generates evidence maps identifying knowledge gaps          Introduction   * CVDs and the potential impact it has on a global scale.   * 17.7 million people died from CVDs.   * Most cases tend to be limited to low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).   * 34.1 percent of deaths in the Mediterranean region. Aim Analyzing cardiovascular (CVD) research in Arab gaps to highlight:   * The existing opportunities.   * Gaps in literature.   * Which will be utilized to inform future research. Methods   * Scoping review research methodology over four years, from 2012 to 2016.   * The review employed a 5-step mapping framework .   * Only seven countries were included due to the limit in the number of published research.   * collected from 794 articles.   * SPSS tool version 24 was used to analyze data. Results Cardiovascular disease (CVD) publications and burden in selected Arab countries (2000-2018). Discussion   * Most publications were published in low impact JIF , with the lowest being in Iraq and Sudan.   * The scarcity in the publication was linked to:       + the availability of funding opportunities;       + individual and institutional resources.   * Geopolitical factors also affected the publication of CVD research;   * Challenges associated with the production of high-quality research involve:       + selecting proper study design;       + analytical strategy;       + available evidence;       + study settings.   * Despite an increase in CVD publication, high-level evidence through proper testing designs and hypotheses is lacking.   * More research in Arab countries focuses on q
Introduction When a contractor needs to design a building, he/she must choose a design which complies with BREEAM assessment and design method for sustainable buildings. It (BREEAM) enables designers to set standard for sustainable buildings (NoAuthorFound, 2007, pp 177) thereby minimizing energy demands and limiting carbon technologies. It uses most recognized and valued measures of performance to evaluate building’s design, specifications and construction. These measures include aspects related to internal environment, energy and water use, transport, pollution, ecology, wastes, materials and management processes. This paper critically analyzes and gives recommendations on how to choose low or medium rated building in order to obtain good or better rate that suits BREEAM’s rating and assessment systems for buildings. Management Sustainable Procurement: Construction and Handover In regards to building procurement, the designer should use performance specifications that encourage maximum innovation (Brierley et al., 2010, pp 154). Considering money value, the designer should ensure flexibility in order to secure scope changes at reasonable cost. The designer should set appropriate contract period with his/her relevant skills and capabilities so as to deliver proper planned project outcomes. Designer should consider key objectives relating to the designed building, risks arising during delivery of the proposed project, and level of complexity of relating to the whole project. Key objects should be identified at the project definition stage (Morledge and Smith, 2013, pp 88). The objectives should relate to scope of the project, time, cost, quality, innovations evaluated through performance and property agent’s expectation. Sustainability including economic, social and environmental aspects (Jacobs and Kinzie, 2012, pp23) should also be considered. Risks, on other hand, might occur during project delivery thereby affecting the project’s outcomes. Skillful designer should adopt proper procurement strategy to mitigate or manage particular risks (Ozdemir, 2004, pp 298). Designer should also consider and determine the most appropriate method that easily identify the risk in question and deals with it. Inappropriate risk might results to contractual disputes, project budget overruns and litigation. Level of complexity, on the other hand, is determined by combining project duration, size, level of technology, and degree of innovation required by clients. For example, complex strategies lead to resource and time wastage hence unsatisfactory project outcomes. The best sustainable procurement strategy should have full documentation that sufficiently describes the plan of the pr
Obedience refers to adherence to set rules and regulations. Obedience may be observed voluntarily or involuntarily depending on some factors. A person may be driven to obey some set rules because they feel that they should do so. Another person may simply obey because he/she is afraid of punishment. To a great extent, obedience depends on the punishment or rewards one gets. Most people will tend to obey in order to get rewards or to avoid punishment. This is because punishments are unpleasant while rewards are immensely appealing. According to Milgram’s research, people are more likely to obey under supervision. In this case, a soldier is likely to be truly obedient if his supervisor is around. The soldier is least likely to obey if his supervisor is not around. For instance, soldiers may be commanded to shoot and kill any human being found in or near the battlefield. Soldiers may do so if their commander is near them. When their commander is not near, they may find it irrelevant to kill children and women. Instead of killing them, the soldiers may just scare them away (Lavender 78). Soldiers are trained on how to cope with difficult situations and how to behave themselves in the battlefields. This is why they tend to be extremely obedient people in the society. Punishments given to those who do not obey rules set are highly unpleasant. These punishments vary from demotions to termination of their contracts. Rewards offered are good. These rewards include pay rise and promotions to mention but a few. Generally, soldiers enjoy so much respect from the society. They are also paid well, and that is why many young people aspire to be soldiers right from a tender age. Soldiers strive to maintain their jobs, and that is why one is less likely to come across a soldier facing disciplinary action. Although soldiers disobey sometimes, they do it so discreetly such that their seniors do not get to know about it. Otherwise, they are obedient most of times because they fear to lose their jobs, which are highly competitive (Lavender 78). Human beings are driven by a virtue known as self control. Self control helps people to check their emotions, but in some situations, one cannot dictate what to do. People are forced to go against their virtues because they are ordered to do so. A soldier may be commanded by his commander to kill a person whom the soldier never intended to kill. Even if this particular soldier knows that, it is not okay to murder an innocent person, he has no other option but to so because he is under the authority. The soldier cannot be moved by the cries of the victim because he knows that he is being watched. If the soldier was not being watched, he might have perhaps felt pity for the victim and failed to execute him. Milgram’s research, therefore, shows that obedience is influenced by authority. There is a laxity where supervision is minimal. People tend to be more serious when they know that someone somewhere is watching. Good results are achieved where