ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary This paper reviews the case, Reporting Inflated Numbers, from the tenet of the Hartman and DesJardins model. The analysis is based on the four elements of this model, which are fact gathering, moral obligation, alternatives, making a decision, and monitoring the outcomes. From the outcome, it is apparent that the actions by Barbara King attracted ethical dilemmas such as questionable integrity and professionalism. Fact gathering In the case of Barbara King reporting inflated numbers as the communications specialist, there are several ethical dilemmas identified. To begin with, she conspired to support the fraudulent dealings despite her ethical responsibility of maintaining integrity in the company. She conspired with the management to deviate from the main goal of the business and failed to take into consideration the shareholders’ interests when supporting the decision to report inflated numbers. Barbara allowed the top management of the company to use her to release manipulated records with an intention of enriching themselves (Silliman, 2010). From an ethical perspective, Barbara and the management team of the company conspired to inflate the asset values, overstate the reported income, and eliminate the liabilities from the financial reporting (Hartman & DesJardins, 2014). Moral obligations Business ethics are obligations that the management of a business should follow in doing business activities. Reflectively, when a business fails to follow these obligations, ethical dilemmas are likely to occur and negatively affect such the business. Based on the code of ethics, Barbara King had the moral obligation of exercising integrity, professionalism, discipline, and good business ethics (Rachels & Rachel, 2010). Unfortunately, she failed in all her moral obligations. Alternatives The first alternative would be reporting the inflated values. This alternative affects the personal integrity of Barbara and has contingencies such as a legal action from the relevant authorities. The second alternative would be refusing to report the inflated values. This alternative would be ideal in protecting the rights of the stakeholders through exercising personal responsibilities and good business virtues (Hartman & DesJardins, 2014). Make a decision An ethical decision can be defined as a decision with moral and legal appeal to the wider business community. The aspect of commitment is a crucial element in examining ethics of a decision. With precision, a series of tests are carried out by gathering facts and incorporating them in defining issues surrounding ethics. The aspect of competency is critical in separating the premises from assumptions in making ethical decisions. The dual pillar approach to ethical leadership comprises of a combination of moral being and moral management skills in making decisions. The combination of the two aspects is critical in building ethical leadership reputation since the executive responsibility functions on moral codes that promote proactive leadership. Thus, the second alternative would be ideal for Barbara King since it is in line with the ethical principles of integ
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, simply known as DRC Congo and formerly Zaire, has been plagued by civil war for the last five years now. This war has cost the country more lives than any other country going through the civil war in the recent past. The three most used weapons of war in the country are starvation, mutilation and rape. The country has, however, attracted massive international concern in the recent past over mass rapes that have been taking place, especially in remote villages. The Rwandan rebels FDLR (Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda) attacked and occupied a Congolese town for four days in late July and gang-raped more than150 women and children (Lorentsson). Rape is considered one of the most terrible forms of abuse of human rights. Rape is having sex with another person without their consent and is more about power than it is about sex (United Nations Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality 5). According to a survey conducted in 2009 by the United Nations, rape is a major problem in all the sub-Saharan African countries. In South Africa, 97% of the population considers it is a problem. The statistics show that in African countries it is worse and in countries such as Congo going through a civil war, approximately 250,000 children and women are raped every year (United Nations Department of Public Information 3). So far, Congo’s case has been considered the worst in the world. This is perhaps because of the country’s high levels of impunity, the sheer number of victims, and the fact that these sadistic acts are committed by killers who were responsible for the unforgettable Rwanda genocide. The first possible solution to the problem is setting up educational and health centers focused on assault awareness and education. Education should include specific counseling and training for girls on what to do if they find themselves in threatening situations. It should also include training parents on lines of communication between them and their children about sexuality. This way, children know when someone is not behaving right towards them. The second possible solution is fighting the culture of impunity. Perhaps the biggest problem in Congo and most sub-Saharan African countries is the culture of impunity (Lorentsson). DRC Congo has been in the spotlight for rape cases for a long time now. Surprisingly, very few people have been charged or even punished because most of the violators enjoy protection from high-ranking politicians taking advantage of the situation to gain power. It is time to implement the law because most countries including Congo have very good laws against rapes, murder and violence. The country should implement the law without favoritism because the crime rates seem to be reaching explosive proportions. Actually, its weakness as a solution is the fact that some countries do not uphold equal justice; people can easily buy their way out. The third possible solution to the problem is improved levels of literacy and socioeconomic status. Most men commit rape because
Abstract This paper has looked at the statistics which may be employed at Sage Costuming so as to measure their quality characteristics. It has also looked into the way through which statistical analysis can be conducted. It has analyzed the major concepts connected to capacity planning. Facility location for Sage Costuming is also looked at. The paper has developed appropriate plans to help Sage maintain a competitive advantage. Similarly, it has looked at the main components of work system design, the life cycle of the project as well as project management of the business. Statistics to examine quality characteristics of Sage Costuming Statistical analysis aimed at quality improvement will provide very good information for Sage as it will help in the assessment of their operational activities. Statistical analysis involves the assessment of statistics i.e. facts, information as well as figures and thereafter examining the information or data in order to establish patterns as well as trends. There are a number of benefits of proper Statistical analysis for Sage. This is because when the firm will deal with guesswork. Statistical analysis entails studying data and also analyzing them. The data will later on be applied for decision making purposes. Some of the statistics that Sage can employ is the analysis of cost benefits. This entails balancing project costs with the benefits its benefits. Projects whose costs are greater in comparison to costs should be avoided at all costs. Statistical analysis will enable Sage to gather, assess and also to properly interpret data. Statistical analysis will enable the Sage to provide solutions to their problems in numerous contexts. It will also add value to the decisions to be made. It will also minimize guesswork. Capacity planning concepts Capacity can be defined as the maximum output that can be produced by a facility. A number of questions are usually considered in capacity planning. The first one is whether the organization should have numerous small facilities or one huge facility. Secondly, the organization should check whether it is beneficial for them to expand their facility even when demand is low or to wait for demand to be high is when the facility is expanded. Organizations should also ask themselves whether it is beneficial for them to apply non-flexible or flexible capacities (Krajewski and Ritzman, 2005). Capacity planning is very important as it helps design systems. For instance
New York Testing System Limitations The New York Standardized Testing system is a topic of controversy both on a state and country levels. Some experts argue that the tests that measure students’ performance are the perfect indicators of the readiness to college education (Taylor par. 10). Nevertheless, the principles of the early grading method possess some considerate shortcomings. Due to the reports that are issued by the parents of New York students, their children must spend approximately 14 hours for preparing to the English-language arts and mathematics examinations (Lapham par. 2). Moreover, it was acclaimed that the reading passages that were included into the Pearson Core Testing for the third grade corresponded to the level of the seventh-grade students. The critical issue is the role of the teacher in the testing system. Since the assignments are not developed by the educators, who deal with the respective grades, the poor scores that are gained by the students at the tests should not align with the negative influence on the teacher’s career. Consequently, the New York testing system should be reviewed by a professional team of independent experts. The number of tasks has to be reduced for the third-grade pupils. Finally, the results of testing have to account for no more than 10 % of teacher’s evaluation. Early Childhood Programs: Financial Concerns One of the major concerns that arise in the sphere of child care regards the dilemma of affordability, quality, and accessibility. Thus, the ultimate factor that hinders the quality of early childhood development in New York is the issue of costly care programs. The Head Start system provides a source of funding for the low-income parents (“U.S. Department of Health and Human Services” par. 1). However, in my opinion, it is quite deficient for the U.S. government since it does not align with an equal distribution of education expenditure costs. Alternatively, the following scheme of childhood investing may be suggested. The price of the program has to correspond to several factors, which are the parents’ incomes, componential costs of care, and additional grants (“Operating Budgets for Child Care Centers” par. 28). Granting Tenure: Timeframe Implications In 2014, the leading U.S. activist and reporter, Campbell Brown, filed a suit against the New York tenure laws. According to her, the flexible regulations of tenure-granting prevented the state students from receiving a high-quality education (Shapiro par.1). Indeed, the reports of parents, who served as the plaintiffs at the trial, revealed that the New York learners were provided with diverse levels of proficiency. It accounts for the different scales of teachers’ qualifications. Therefore, one may claim that the demands of the educators’ preparation have to raise so that to enhance the quality of learning in
The correlation of the fate of the hero with the development of society, which is the main distinguishing feature of the genre of tragedy, can take on a variety of artistic forms. It can be folk-historical tragedy, bringing to the stage the broad masses of people set in motion by social cataclysms. At the same time, it is a tragedy, in which the plot is based on a conflict that captures a relatively small number of characters (Boorman, 2021). Even with the most cursory acquaintance with most of the mature Shakespearean tragedies, it is easy to see the center of the playwright’s attention. These are the relationship between the fate of the characters and the course of the development of society. Shakespeare’s great tragedies most often develop the theme of the death of the best people and their internal discord. Such is the tragedy of Othello , where the author describes the internal struggle of people whose honor has been tarnished. In Shakespeare’s play Othello , the main characters kill their wives to protect and restore their honor. During the play, women must obey their husbands to show real honor. Iago and Othello reflect this attitude towards their wives: they give them a reason to feel faithful by killing their women. Iago kills Emilia because she dishonors him by revealing his manipulation of Othello and Cassio. Othello strangles Desdemona because of the false infidelity that his assistant Iago imposed on him. As can be understood from the play, both characters have their idea of what honor is and how it is manifested. Nevertheless, both Othello and Iago kill close women to protect themselves, their honor. The only deliverance for Othello from this doubt that relentlessly settled in his house and his soul is the solution to which he comes ‒ the murder of Desdemona. However, having accomplished it, Othello learns that Desdemona is innocent, that both are victims of that monstrous intrigue that Iago wove so skillfully. Othello calls himself an honest killer: “Why, anything: An honorable murderer, if you will; For naught, I did in hate, but all in honour.” (Shakespeare, 1975, 5.2.345) These words are the key to the murder he committed: a man for whom honor is above all, he could not exist next to vice and could not allow dishonesty to go unpunished. Realizing the horror of what he had done, he kills himself – cuts his throat with a dagger. Faith in man is broken – this becomes the cause of Othello’s despair and, at the same time, the source of his loneliness. Because of this, a person decides that his whole past life and the attitude of those close to him were an illusion. It seems to Othello that nothing is lasting, honest, moral in the world; everything in a person is unsteady, chaotic, impermanent. Having understood the laws of this world, Othello
Such a phenomenon as shell shock or combat stress reaction became a subject of psychological study since World War I. British soldiers, who returned to their homes, suffer from the impairment of vision, and almost entirely lost sense of taste and smell. Initially, it was ascribed to some physical injuries but after a while, it was ascertained that it was necessarily the injury, this mental disorder is considered to be the result of combat stress, fatigue, fear, etc. In an overwhelming majority of cases, its long-term effects are slower reaction times, indecision, disconnection from one’s surroundings, and inability to prioritize. The trouble was that the British government decided to conceal these facts. According to Elaine Showalter, a famous English critique, and feminist, this strange illness can be called a “male hysteria” She believes that this mental disorder is caused by the emotional disturbance produced by the war itself. She says that soldiers were trying to suppress or maybe to hide those feminine feelings and emotions, in an attempt to look as manly as possible and hide their effeminacy, the trait of character, that is so abhorrent to men (Showalter, 173). Analyzing the novel “Mrs. Dalloway” by Virginia Woolf, Elaine Showalter arrives at the following conclusion. In her view, one of the main characters Septimus Smith, a former British military, tried to develop manliness during the war, but it was just make-believe, and after the war “this façade of stoic masculinity” disappears. He attempts to repress his war memories but it did not help him and in the end, Septimus committed suicide. Showalter believes that the main reason for that is that men are too ashamed of even looking weak, vulnerable, or perhaps feminine and that works against them (Showalter,178). But this statement is quite disputable because there could be quite different reasons for Smiths feelings, emotions, and behavior. A great number of factors caused Virginia Woolf’s critiques of war and compassion for former soldiers. Woolf’s family were pacifists and some of relatives and friends constantly objected to war. She and her husband Leonard gave support to pacifist organizations such as the Women’s Cooperative Guild, which opposed compulsory military service and contributed to peace and women’s suffrage. Woolf got acquainted with suffragette and pacifist Mary Sheepshanks working on” Mrs. Dalloway”. Further, Woolf’s vulnerability to war losses was deeply affected by the death of a friend Rupert Brooke in World War I and the war trauma of his husband’s brother Philip, a talented poet and probable prototype for the main character of her novel Septimus Smith (Vickroy, 48). First of all, we should take into account that at the moment Woolf completed “ Mrs. Dalloway”, which was published in 1925, the author was extremely astonished at how anxious people were trying to dismiss the war as if it had never occurred (Gorer, 120). Sh
Before the destruction of the Second Tempe, people believed that in the time of the Messiah, wars would stop, and there would be universal peace and prosperity. All people, enjoying peace and harmony, will be able to devote themselves to the knowledge of God and spiritual improvement. In the Jewish tradition, the Messiah is a king, a descendant of King David, who God will send to deliver the people of Israel and save humanity. After the destruction of the Second Temple, the faith of the Jews in the Messiah became more firmly rooted in religion. Thus, the Messiah was seen as a savior who would one day come to protect and deliver the people of Israel from the persecution they suffered ( Judaism: The foundation of three great religions of the Middle East ). The dualistic concept of exile and deliverance became one of the central themes in religion, and, accordingly, the Messiah became the deliverer of all Jews from persecution. It is believed that the Judaism of the Second Temple era is the Judaism of the scribes, as opposed to the early Judaism of priests and prophets. Circumcision and Sabbath-keeping were to be the hallmarks of a Jew (Fox, 2018). A distinctive feature of Judaism of this period was the patrilineal kinship system, the national character of religion, and the need for a pilgrimage to the Jerusalem temple. The Judaism of the Second Temple was not a single trend and fell apart in some directions: Sadducees (temple priests), Pharisees (scribes), Essenes, and Zealots. The destruction of Jerusalem profoundly affected the Jewish people and brought about dramatic changes in Judaism itself. People were again separated from God. But this time, there were no prophets to comfort and assure them of their future restoration in the holy city. After the destruction of the Temple, the Jewish world was gripped by shock, bitterness, and pessimism. Despite the prevalence of Judaism and its peaceful existence with other religions, cases of anti-Semitist campaigns are still recorded in the world. The attitude towards Jews is based not so much on their individual qualities or achievements as on the ingrained ideas of Jewish greed, stubbornness, demonic, laziness, and greed. Thus, the non-acceptance of the people and hatred of an ethnic group and religion is an urgent and modern problem.
The role of leaders and managers within organizations has been one of the most debated issues over the year. There are two viewpoints in this regard that have been noted by several theorists. The prevailing viewpoints would be either managers being leaders or leaders casting their own designation ahead of managers. Managers and leaders have their significant roles to be played and both have interlinked responsibilities and job duties within organizations. There is a thin line of similarity between the tasks of leaders and managers when it comes to organizational performance. This paper discusses the role of managers and leaders to understand the distinction between the viewpoints and to explain the relation of each in terms of organization. As per the evaluation of the specification of a leader, creative dynamism is mostly required for a leader to have in order to work effectively for an organization. This indicates the role of leader for providing aspiration for the company employees. A leader has to manage the organizational work flow but also has to introduce new strategies that are beyond the estimated work goal of employees and managers. On the other hand, a manager is one individual who needs to be effective multi-tasking pillar of the organization. The duties of a manager include the traffic control of organizational activities and keeping the flow of information updated for interrelated aspects of productivity (Yukl, 2010). Most often, it has been noted that people confuse between designations of manager and leaders within organizations. It is not incorrect to claim that managers have to follow certain traits depending upon the expected virtues of the manager designation within the organization. But a leader is one who has to lead the workforce. Managers are to be counted in that workforce being led by the leaders. It is because managers are vest