ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The short story is an art form that was first mastered by the 19 th century writer Edgar Allan Poe. In perfecting this form, Poe said “If any literary work is too long to be read at one sitting, we must be content to dispense with the immensely important effect derivable from unity of impression” (Mowery, 1997). As he tells his frequently bizarre and frightening tales, Poe presents his readers with symbol-rich imagery and descriptions based on binary oppositions to help build the suspense and horror of his tale. As Mowery explains, binary oppositions are things such as hot and cold, male and female, dark and light. “It is in the subtle shifts in our expectations of the character that tension and conflict are developed” (1997). Yet Poe was not the only author to work within the short story genre or to use the concept of binary oppositions to explore its effects on an audience or a character. This concept of impossibly conflicting viewpoints as one both loves and hates, has faith and does not, is frequently illustrated in terms of the madness that comes upon characters as they experience deep feelings that had potential to overwhelm. In “The Tell-Tale Heart” by Edgar Allan Poe and “Young Goodman Brown” by Nathaniel Hawthorne, both authors employ symbolism and madness to expose the fallacy of the binary opposition. Poe employs two primary objects in “The Tell-Tale Heart” to illustrate the cause of his narrator’s madness. The old man’s eye is the first of these symbols to appear within the text of the story. As the narrator attempts to explain why he felt led to murder, he says, It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! yes, it was this! He had the eye of a vulture – a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees – very gradually – I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye for ever. (156). Basic medical knowledge to the modern reader quickly identifies this condition as symptoms of a cataract, a film that gradually creeps over the eye of an elderly person, eventually rendering him or her blind while also changing the color of the eye to a pale bluish color. It is this encroachment that seems to so bother the narrator, “it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye” (257). “The concept of the evil eye dates back to ancient times. It was believed that those who possessed the evil eye had the
Introduction The interior design process involves the creation of a new facility description. Usually, it is represented by elaborate specifications and plans that will be implemented during the construction phase of a project. There are several operational tasks that are involved in the interior design process. The entire project management cycle includes such processes as scheduling, bidding s, budget estimate, contract admin, deficiency list and project completion, and post-occupancy evaluation. Each of these steps is important in its own merit. However, there are growing concerns within the building and project management industry that the post-occupancy evaluation process is not fully embraced by designers and architects (Ahmadi et al., 2016). It is thus against this backdrop that this paper argues in favor of the optimization of the post-occupancy evaluation process. Post-Occupancy Evaluation Evaluating and measuring the performance of a building is not a new concept. One of the key objectives of design and architecture is indeed to ensure that the development project functions and performs the way it was intended to. However, lately, there has been an increasing interest in the functionality of buildings from different perspectives of humans. For instance, people are becoming more environmentally conscious and increasingly question the energy efficiency of buildings. They want to know how the layout and the building’s specific design directly impact their day-to-day utilization of the building. This underscores the significance of evaluating the performance of a building based on several attributes beyond physical functionality. The process of post-occupancy evaluation is one of the most effective ways of informing the practice of design. An interior designer relies on it to revisit a project after it has been occupied to establish if the building is operating as it was intended or not. A post-occupancy evaluation process should give rise to what is known as “lessons Learned.” Typically, this is the information that entails what worked and what did not work obtained from evaluating a building project. These lessons should act as decision-making tools to guide the continuous improvements of the building (Ahmadi et al., 2016). The post-occupancy evaluation is conducted through a series of walk-throughs and inspections to investigate the systems, subsystems, and elements of the building. This can be achieved through performance metrics recording, interviewing different stakeholders, and observations. Stakeholder groups to be interviewed comprise persons who participated in the design of the building, those who maintain and manage the building, as well as those who utilize and occupy the building. They can be categorized into three groups: employees, clients, and professionals. Employees are those who offer various services to the building. Clients are those individuals who visit the building to get different services offered within it. Meanwhile, professionals are those who delivered the final building as well as those who operate, maintain, and manage it. The ultimate goal of the post-occupancy evaluation
Introduction The globalization process has led to the integration of the world with the ability and ease of communication. Information has become an important factor for organization. Advanced technology has led to increased exchange of information throughout the world. Social media and blogs have a great impact on PR. Studies indicate that social media is dramatically changing PR by enhancing what happens in PR. In addition, the modern social media and the traditional media complement each other. This study examines the impacts of blogs and social media on PR practices. Globalization Globalization is the rapid spread of interdependence among countries in the world. The interdependence among nations has been growing over time with cross border exchange of services and commodities increasing immensely. Globalization indicates the continuous expansion and integration of markets. According to Fischer (2003), the trend that globalization has undertaken is irreversible. The main driver of globalization is the swift progress in science and technology. The progress in these two helps increase the speed of movement in information and goods across the world. Through globalization, international trade has grown leading to further growth of economies. The outcome is reduced poverty levels and development. Despite the benefits of globalization, there are challenges that affect its continued growth (Holtzhausen, 2000, p. 106). Interdependence of economies in the world is supported by the advancing development in science and technology. Through advanced technology, the cost of communication and movement of goods and services around the world has reduced. For instance, the costs that are incurred by firms in shipping products have reduced. According to Herring & Litan (1995, p. 142), the reduction in the costs of international trade has encouraged many firms to increase their participation in international trade by establishing international ventures. Multinational organizations have become central carriers of globalization. Most of the organizations have established a competitive advantage in information technology by establishing blogs for their firms and employees (Herring & Litan, 1995, p. 45). Globalization and cultural diversity The globalization process is closely linked to cultural diversity. According to Maureen (2005), globalization has led to the compression of the world and the intensification of knowledge hence increased understanding. For instance, Europe has been affected with increased unity and its cultural identification to the world as the European culture. Due to these changes, a global PR perspective can be created leading to complex exchange processes and understanding. Due to this, it is important to apply PR concepts globally. Different people exist across the globe with different cultural practices and communication. Different codes of human communication such as semantics, linguistics, verbal and cultural factors affect the globalization of PR practices. Similarly, democracy is different from one region in the world to another. Whenever an organization foc
Clinical psychology is a sub branch of psychology and is usually concerned with the prevention and alleviation of mental and emotional disorders. It involves the use of medical science to address mental health challenges. The integration of clinical medicine into science assists the psychologists to promote the mental well- being of their patients. A clinical psychologist must be professionally trained and educated on the aspect of medical psychology. Long term training is crucial to all psychologists. Psychology helps in the reduction of distress and malfunction of the brain and the body. A clinical psychology therapy assists the sick patient achieve personal satisfaction and organizational productivity at the work place. Mental dysfunction in people may result from socio-cultural factors like traditions and economic challenges. Lightner Witmer developed the first psychiatric center in the world. The hospital helped minors with learning challenges. Lightner successfully treated a boy with spelling problems. However, the psychologist had earlier attempted to treat mental illness using religious approaches. Lightner’s report indicated that the boy had been disturbed by evil spirits. During this era, people with mental distress would seek cure from psychiatrists. In the 17 th Century, clinical psychology was not a recognized way of treating mental illness. World War 1 led to the recognition of clinical psychology as a curative mechanism of mental distress due to the succ
Abstract The given paper delves into the peculiarities of the functioning of the arson investigation unit. Being an integral part of the fire security system, it contributes to the improved understanding of the main causes that preconditioned flame development, and conditions that resulted in the fixed paces of fire spread. The complexity and importance of the given tasks result in the increased importance of the comprehensive investigation of the functioning of specialists who work in the given sphere. In this regard, the document is a set of guidelines that could be used by new investigators to assure that they do not violate any laws and act by the suggested procedure appropriately investigating the crime scene. The paper has an introduction that presents the main topic, the body, where the most important information could be found, and the conclusion, which summarizes all assumptions suggested in the body and outlines their unique importance. Arson Investigations Investigation of fire or arson is an important task that should be performed by members of an arson investigation unit. It provides the information needed for the further analysis and discovery of the main causes for the development of fire. Additionally, the data collected in the process of this examination will help to find people responsible for arson and determine the degree of their guilt. However, the given process might be complicated as numerous factors related to the character of fire, its peculiarities, and spread should be taken into account. For this reason, a certain experience in the given sphere is needed to become an efficient and competent member of the arson investigation unit. The following guidelines will help to outline the most important things that should be given specific attention. Besides, the investigation of a crime arson scene is a complex process that consists of several stages. First of all, having arrived, a specialist has to observe conditions and activities and provide a complete description for people who will delve into its investigation (“A guide for investigating fire and arson: arriving at the fire and/or arson scene,” n.d.). Crime scene parameters should be noted and recorded. Besides, the location of the given scene and condition of victims and witnesses should be mentally noted. Moreover, vehicles that leave the scene are another vital point that should be given attention (Burnette, n.d). Additionally, an investigator should also determine flame and smoke conditions as well as the weather and structure conditions as they might be dangerous (“Arriving at the fire and/or arson scene: evaluating the scene,” n.d.). Examining the scene, a specialist should also determine whether there is a risk of explosion or not as it might result in new victims. For this reason, types of fires and explosive materials should also be considered. Finall
Abstract Australia’s mobile services market continues to experience rapid innovations and development regarding both handset devices and variety of services conveyed to the customers through these mobile devices. Both mobile handset functionality and mobile network capacity have increased in the recent past not only in Australia but also in other parts of the world. Moreover, there have rapid evolution of other aspects of mobile services including voice services to include the application of internet and web access. These rapid evolutions in the development of mobile handsets together with services have enabled new forms of mobile phone-based communications and services provisions to emerge. In addition, these rapid developments together with increased competition for customers among mobile operators and services providers have made the mobile phones an attractive proposition for majority of Australians. This case report looks into the complexities of the Australian telecom industry and various pricing strategies that companies have adopted in order to sell their products or services in this highly competitive environment. The Australian mobile phone industry is highly competitive and companies must adopt clear-cut pricing strategies for their products in to remain afloat in the market. Introduction The use of mobile phones in Australia has increased considerably in the last five years. It is approximated that 89% of the Australian adult population have adopted the use of mobile phones by 2011. This number is expected to rise by 3% in the next two years. In addition, the replacement of fixed line telephone by households is also expected to reach 100% by 2015. This statistics indicate that there are huge market opportunities for mobile phones handsets together with their applications. Moreover, the mobile phone support services also have the opportunity to take advantage of the rising market. The increasing mobile phones market and its support services have attracted the various companies both old and new in the communication industry. Major Service Provider companies such as Vodafone, Telstra, Optus, and other have scrambled to claim a portion of the rising market share. The market has not only attracted the services provider companies but also the mobile phone manufacturers such as Apple. Many companies have infiltrated the Australian market each with its unique handset. Many of these mobile phones are internet enabled and being purchased and used by the Australian consumers. The reason is that most of these handsets usability in terms of services have been increased. In 2011, 58% of the mobile devices in the Australian market had 3G. Besides internet services, the current mobile phones sold in Australia are more affordable with additional advantage of merging most of their functionalities. All voice, video, and data services are now put under one control. Bringing these services together has been enabled by internet and web access. In essence, the traditional functionalities are now merged with internet-enabled functionalities. In addition, the development of mobile software such as android has increased the functionality of mobile
Introduction Communication underscores the means of exchanging meaningful opinions or ideas verbally or through writing to the concerned people or parties. Communication consists two or more people who have to come together to share information with one another and the material communicated should be clearly understood by all the involved parties. Effective communication is extremely important especially to business people and managers, as they have to communicate with their staff, shareholders, and the wider community in such a proper way to avoid misinterpretations (Taylor, 2005). Therefore, poor communication is very catastrophic and the result is the loss of business worth lots of money, loss of customers, and spoiling the good image of an organization. This realization implies that communication is a basic need in business organizations and for success of any business, up to date information should be readily available regarding various aspects of the business. This information should be present to all the interested parties so that it can be utilized effectively for the benefit of the business. Business communication Business communication is formal and carefully organized to get things done in the right way and deliver information swiftly and inexpensively rather than exchanging good-natured remarks. Anyone who works to earn a living is involved in business communication and its importance is growing tremendously due to the increase in commercial activities. In the past, one person could run a business as there were no large organizations, but this aspect has changed in the 21 st Century due to the emergence of multi-national businesses and hence the pressing need for effective business communication (Cardon, 2013). Most successful organizations appreciate that good communication at all levels is essential if they have to succeed in today’s competitive business world. They have to adopt suitable systems of communication and use them in the right way in a bid to convey the right information to the concerned people. For instance, staff members play a vital role in the running an organization, and thus they need to have relevant up to date information so that they can know what is expected of them in a bid to improve their performances. Most misunderstandings that take place in organizations are mainly the outcomes of ineffective communication, which explains why delegation of tasks and resolving of grievances call for sensitive and careful communication to avoid conflicts in workplaces (Taylor, 2005). Co
There have been conflicting explanations about the real meaning of a happy life and enjoyment. Many scholars and philosophers have come up with various opinions about happiness one of them being a famous philosopher known as Epicurus. Different philosophers have come with conflicting opinions which have made it difficult to have a common definition of happiness (Kelly 131). To make the matter worse, there is an argument that happiness is not the same as enjoyment. It has been a great challenge to harmonize both religious and philosophical definitions of a happy life and it is therefore the decision of each person to choose which definition to follow (Kelly 131). This paper will examine Epicurus’ prescription for a happy life and at the same time compare Epicureanism and Stoicism. According to Laertius’ recordings, Epicurus regards pleasure as the main goal for a happy life. According to Epicurus, pleasure is the end of life and all the actions of human beings are normally geared towards attaining the chief good. Pleasure is meant to free human beings from trouble and pain. Epicurus has received a lot of criticism by declaring that pleasure is the ultimate end but this according to him is just a misinterpretation of his opinions (Pellegrin 234). According to Epicurus, a happy life should be characterized by having a healthy body and a peace of mind. Pleasure is actually the end of life that bring brings good health and peace of mind. Epicurus goes ahead to affirm the fact that he is an advocate of a sober life and clarifies the type of pleasure he meant. According to Epicurus, a debauched kind of pleasure is not the type of pleasure he was talking about since this type of pleasure only ends in the moment of enjoyment (Pellegrin 234). Epicurus reiterates that real pleasure is the absence of pain in the body and having a peaceful soul and not sensual pleasures such as eating and drinking. Other forms of pleasure that Epicurus is not in support of include exotic delicacies, the pleasure of love together with other sensual pleasures (Pellegrin 236). According to Epicurus, it important to have sound judgment and tranquility in order to live a happy life. In order to have a peaceful soul, human beings are supposed to avoid all false notions and mistaken opinions. Comfort and peace are the only components of pleasure emphasized by Epicurus which he sees as the only sources of stability. When pain is completely removed, it marks the beginning of pleasure since a person is relived from uneasiness (Enfield 78). According to Epicurus, there is no way a person can claim that they are in pain and at the same time claim to be having pleasure. Epicurus refutes claims of neutral feelings and calls for a clear distinction between pain and pleasure. The complete absence of pain is perceived by Epicurus as the point of pleasure and there is no way this can be measured. Epicurus speaks from a humane point of view and particularly focuses on dealing with pain. He does not
The Importance of Evaluating Human Resource Management The effectiveness of human resource management (HRM) needs to be evaluated due to the following reasons. First, it helps the organization to determine if its HRM practices are credible (Gibbs, 2010, pp. 58-75). This is achieved through internal and external evaluations on the HRM practices. While the internal evaluation concentrates on the costs and benefits of HRM, external evaluation concentrates on the overall contribution of the HRM to an organization. Second, the effectiveness of HRM is evaluated to enhance the performance of the business (Gibbs, 2010, pp. 58-75). It helps the firm to adjust its human resources accordingly in order to increase its profits, market share and quality of products. Finally, the evaluation helps the firm to ensure that its employees’ skills meet the requirements of the organization (Gibbs, 2010, pp. 58-75). The effectiveness of HRM is measured by the following criteria. First, the evaluation should measure employees’ commitment. In this case the evaluation will seek to determine the degree to which organizational policies facilitate employees’ commitment to the firm (Mclean, 2006, pp. 143-156). Second, the competency levels should be measured. Competency measures the ability of HRM policies to attract and retain talented employees. Third, the cost effectiveness of the HRM system should be considered. This measures the “fiscal proficiency of HRM policies in terms of wages, benefits, turnover and absenteeism” (Mclean, 2006, pp. 143-156). Finally, the evaluation should measure congruence. This means that the evaluation should analyze the ability of HRM policies to promote and maintain cooperation both within and without the organization (Mclean, 2006, pp. 143-156). The assessment process should also evaluate the efficiency of the HRM system in terms of its ability to reduce the time needed for a give task. The HRM system is considered effective it satisfies these criterions. Managing Occupational Health and Safety Managing occupational health is one of the responsibilities of the human resources department and it focuses on protecting the welf