ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary This article compares the ideas of W. Edward Deming with modern Total Quality Management (TQM) approaches. In this paper, Peter Peterson discusses how Deming’s theories evolved and how he applied them. Furthermore, the author speaks about the views of such quality experts as Joseph Juran and Phillip Crosby. One of the arguments expressed in this work is that Deming’s methods and principles can and should be applied in their entirety to any organization, whereas TQM methods are usually adjusted to the needs of a particular company. Moreover, TQM methods are often used only temporarily in order to solve a certain organizational problem, although such application contradicts the very goal of TQM. In addition, Peter Peterson believes that many TQM initiatives fail because they lack philosophy or guiding principles. The article briefly describes the main strategies and concepts introduced by W. Edward Deming, for instance, 14 points for the management or the deadly diseases of Western management. Overall, the author argues that the theories of this quality expert are still viable and that they are still applicable to the needs of modern companies. Key Learning Points It is possible to single out several learning points in this article. First, it clearly describes a set of specific strategies that can be adopted in order to transform many modern businesses and make them more competitive and agile. For example, the author identifies the main obstacles which prevent many companies from growing, in particular, orientation toward short-term objectives, focus on quantitative rather than qualitative results, or excessive mobility of the management, or lack of cooperation between senior management and employees. Secondly, this article is beneficial to the extent that it shows how these problems can be overcome, for example, by eliminating barriers between various departments of the organization or by simplifying workplace hierarchy. Additionally, this article demonstrates how the causes of poor quality can be identified and analyzed. It should be noted that Deming regarded organizational inefficiencies as the root cause of defects. Therefore, the management should not overemphasize the mistakes of individual workers. This failure to pinpoint the factors leading to poor performance or quality is the main reason why so many companies become less competitive. Another important learning point is that modern managers should not believe that TQM approaches and Deming’s ideas are interchangeable. Despite the fact that the name of W. Edward Deming is often associated with TQM, his methods and theories are much more consistent and specific. Certainly, the author does not fully explain why TQM initiatives can be unsuccessful. Nevertheless, he shows the common pitfalls that should be avoided, for instance, lack of constant purpose and principles or
Introduction Investigating a case thoroughly so that the truth could be found out and that the necessary evidence could be retrieved to resolve the issue is a part and parcel of the contemporary legal justice system (Acker & Brody, 2011). However, to retrieve the necessary data in a timely manner, the representatives of the system in question often have to use the shortcuts that might be considered ethically questionable. As a rule, the use of the approach in question is explained by the-ends-justify-the-means philosophy. However, the ethics of Consequentialism might not necessarily have to apply to any justice-related dilemma. Despite the fact that the use of lies, force, and other dubious techniques may be a powerful tool in retrieving the necessary data, it can only be used in the instances that require immediate action and do not imply any other options; otherwise, the very system of justice will be severely compromised. Issues to Address Lying The balance between the search for the truth, which the justice system is geared toward, and the appreciation for the individual’s rights and freedoms, is not to be broken; otherwise, the very foundation of the system will be undermined, as Acker and Brody (2011) explain. Therefore, the use of the techniques that can be defined as ethically questionable should not be considered a part of regular practice (Acker & Brody, 2011). For example, police or other members of the justice system may resort to lying as the means of tricking the criminal or the person linked to the crime directly to disclose the information about the whereabouts of the hostages and, therefore, save the latter’s life by carrying out a storm of the criminal’s lair and rescuing the people. Although resorting to lies, nevertheless, taints the police in the specified case, the act of corruption can be justified by saving lives. In other words, the members of the police redeem themselves and the justice system by making this sacrifice. The recent plague of perjury that has swept the nation, however, is not to be viewed as an acceptable phenomenon (Denvir, 2016). Police Violence The use of brutal force, in its turn, is an even more questionable issue as far as the tools for retrieving the necessary information by all means possible are concerned. Unfortunately, recent studies indicate that the U.S. legal system is not completely secure from the abuse of power and the application of brutal force for retrieving the necessary information. Police brutality may be viewed as the inevitable evil, which is used when there are no other ways of getting the required data from the criminal. Similarly to the example provided above, the use of force can be justified when the time is pressing, and there are no other ways of acquiring the necessary information fast (Denvi
Background The client is a Hispanic young woman Emilia Sanchez who suffers from crack cocaine addiction. She used to be a good daughter; however, high pressure from relatives and numerous duties resulted in drug use. She also became pregnant and gave birth to Joey. Her second pregnancy was terminated. It stipulated a severe deterioration of relations with her family as its members were not able to accept this choice and lifestyle. At the moment, Emilia still suffers from drug addiction and isolation as the family disregards her. Additionally, she is not socialized and does not have skills needed to work and support her child. For this reason, any intervention should consider the following peculiarities: efficient drug rehabilitation; Emilias Hispanic culture which introduces specific behavioral patterns; her need for socialization; her desire to improve relations with family members. Regarding these aspects, three interventions could be suggested. The first one is a long-term inpatient rehabilitation (12 months or longer) that offers cognitive behavioral therapy. It is focused on the critical alteration of the patients mentality along with the gradual increase of abstinent periods. The second one is a short-term inpatient rehabilitation (from 30 to 90 days) that offers a 12 step program with the focus on the gradual decrease of dependence and socialization. Finally, the third one is an intensive outpatient therapy with medication management and family therapy to introduce pharmacological treatment and improve family relations. Critical Appraisal Long-term inpatient rehabilitation is considered one of the most efficient and high-quality methods used to help patients suffering from addictions. It will help Emilia to sustain abstinence and reclaim her healthy life after the program is finished. In includes monitored detox and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to attain needed changes in the patients conscience (Miller, n.d.c). Regarding the case, the rehabilitation will consider particular Emilias needs as the program includes socialization and an after-treatment plan to help the patient to preserve abstinence and gradually improve her relations with family. The primary objectives of the given method remain clear for the patient as she will be explained the main peculiarities of CBT which are to alter her addicted behavior. Therefore, the majority of drug re
Introduction In this painting, Nicholas Poussin depicts the Triumph of Baucchus, the God of Wine. It is actually a copy of Poussin’s original piece at the Nelson Art Gallery of Art museum, Kansas. The action centers on Pan, a deity that causes the action of even the spectators who are not interested or even looking at him. [1] The characters in the foreground, as well as the ‘river god’ depicted at the bottom right of the picture, are cerebrating Baucchu’s victory. [2] The piece of artwork is a good example of Poussion’s series of French Baroque paintings. Arguably, the use of color, texture, light and dark and the theme makes the painting one of the best examples of Poussin’s distinguished pieces of work that depict his style as both a Baroque art and a Venice renaissance, where Poussin appears to use a cool, cerebral, detached and intellectual style to create unique piece. Poussin: Historical content The genre of work The ‘Triumph of Bacchus’ is a historical painting that depicts non-recurring events. These events are primarily religious, literal, classical and allegorical sources, which are the products of the Italian Renaissance of 15 th and 16 th centuries. These paintings contain religious themes or presentations of recent activities, but they are mostly associated with classical topic. [3] The element of color Poussin’s ability to apply the three basic attributes of color (hue, saturation and value) is evident in the painting. He uses color to develop different meanings and communicate the themes in his work. First, the viewer is attracted to the figure in the middle left of the painting, which depicts Bacchu sitting on a chariot. Poussin has concentrated bright white color on the body of the god, which appears naked on its right side. He is sitting on a bright red chariot, while the rest of the chariots body is light brown. The contrast in the three colors gives the god a clear appearance. [4] It creates a contrast of colors between the god’s body, his chair and the lower parts of the chariot. In this way, Poussion is easily attracts the eye of the viewer. Apart from the god, the horse drawing the chariot as well as its rider is depicted with a good application of hue. The horse has a whitish color, but its head, which appears to take the shape of a man, is brownish red. The white color of the rider creates a contrast between the body of the horse, its head and the blue clothing he is wearing. Other figures on the background assume a dark color, which further creates a contrast that creates the difference between them and the main characters on the foreground. In addition, bright white and brownish grey colors are used to depict the nymphs, and other creatures. Element of motion The element of motion is evident in the painting. Poussin has used motion to describe the vigor and agility shown by the characters. In particular, the human-headed horse and its rider are in vigorous motion
The author of this post describes the case of implementing the new pumps in their hospital. Due to limited time and resources and, possibly, lack of planning, the hospital chose the pump model based on one isolated unit. Besides, the personnel did not receive appropriate training because of the COVID outbreak, which led to confusion and ineffective work among the staff when the new pumps were implemented. Nurses receive detailed knowledge about working in the medical field at the universities and institutes. However, the new technology and particular procedures require additional training for the personnel to work efficiently since it is impossible to include every detail about all the potential procedures in the curriculum. According to Sezgin and Babaoglu (2019), discussion, training, and troubleshooting for potential difficulties make medical procedures safer and more effective. Although hospitals are nearly always pressed for time, including the nurses in the planning and implementation stages of SDLC may help avoid errors when working with patients, thus saving the resources. The author of this post references a case of implementing the new CO2 level monitors into a clinic. It is necessary to replace the old equipment with the latest devices, as modern science continuously improves the methods and instruments used in medicine. However, in this case, the nurses were not included in the planning stage of the SDLC for the new monitors. The decision to limit participants to leaders, managers, and education specialists is ineffective because nurses are the ones working with CO2 monitors on a daily basis (Clark et al., 2018). They know what functions make the equipment user-friendly, so excluding them from the planning stage may lead to purchasing inconvenient machines which do not transfer the data correctly.
“The wild swans: three daughters of China”, is a historical description of politics in China during the 20th Century. Written by Jung Chang, the book focuses on the lifestyle of three women to give a detailed description of the traditional practices and political progression of the Chinese people. Like the rest of the colonized regions across the world, women, children, and people from lower social classes had to endure all forms of hardships to survive in the hostile environment in the colonial China. As Chang describes the historical development of China, the theme of atrocity becomes clear. The Japanese colonialists, together with the barbaric traditional practices, ensured that the life of the natives was extremely painful. Through selfish and inhumane nature, the men established traditional practices, which only favored them. For instance, Yu-fang who is Chang’s grandmother possessed bound feet. The process of binding the feet was not only painful but also led to the breaking of bones. The process involved twisting and bending of toes before tying them with a cloth to make sure the feet do not grow to more than four inches. Sometimes women with bound developed walking disabilities. According to Chang, “her grandmother often passed out repeatedly from the pain” but surprisingly, the sight of bound feet on a woman aroused the men (Chang 120). Secondly, the men used women to acquire wealth and status. Women are valueless. By forcefully marrying her off to General Xue, Yu-fang’s father joins the upper social class because of the increment in riches; he acquires concubines and later becomes a police lieutenant. Thirdly, the rich men take in women as concubines mainly for sexual satisfaction. When General Xue dies, one of the concubines had to take an overdose of opium to die with him, which is a vital traditional practice. There is exhumation of another concubine’s body, to bury it together with the General. Therefore, the tradition looks down on women as physical objects and not humans. The Japanese authority tortures the Chinese women in their own country. For example, Chang’s mother committed a serious offence by defeating the Japanese in athletics. Consequently, because the colonialists could not stand the shame of losing a race to a native, the school administration eventually expelled her. At school, the Japanese children possessed well-built structures while the Chinese children used old dilapidated temples devoid of heaters, which was vital during winter (300). The industries used child labor, but none of the children received payment. The staple food for the Chinese was only carbohydrates, sorghum/maize while rice belonged to Japanese and other Chinese collaborators. Sadly, the Japanese sent most of the prisoners to gallons where they killed, tortured and threw their bodies to dogs. Sometimes the dogs feasted on baby corpses (400). Only the Japanese dictated who lives yet they are intruders. Internationally (except in China), Chang’s masterpiece received recognition and many awards. Although her aim was to enlighten the society on the main political developments in China, the Chine
Introduction and Background   * Name of the organization:       + The Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System.   * Geographic location:       + The organization has several community clinics;       + The community clinics are located in California in:           o Palm Desert;           o Corona;           o Sun City;           o Rancho Cucamonga;           o Victorville.   * Organizational mission:       + Central mission:           o To provide efficient medical services to eligible veterans;       + Mission is accomplished through:           o Development of outpatient, inpatient and home care programs;           o Regular enrollment programs;           o Quality control of the care provided. The VA Loma Linda Healthcare system is included into the American medical service system; the operating system is part of Desert Pacific Healthcare Network. The principle community clinics are situated in Palm Desert, Corona, Sun City, Rancho Cucamonga, and Victorville which reside in the state of California. A VA (Veterans Affairs) Healthcare System is considered to be an operating system uniting about 153 medical centers, 207 Veteran Centers, and 882 community-based outpatient and ambulatory clinics. The system unites about 92 comprehensive programs of home-based care, aimed at medical services provided to eligible veterans. The principle facilities of the system cover inpatient hospital care, laboratory services, mental health counseling, pharmaceutical dispensing, custodial care and rehabilitation for various disabilities. The facilities of VA Healthcare system have more than 200,000 full-time-equivalent employees, covering 55,000 nurses and 13,000 professional physicians. The central mission of the organization is considered to be aimed at providing efficient medical service to veterans; the fulfillment of the mission is achieved through the development of various outpatient, inpatient and home care programs. The system operates regular enrollment programs helping to manage health care to its beneficiaries. The goals are concentrated on giving necessary care to the veterans who are eligible; and the control of the given care quality (The Healthcare System for Veterans: an Interim Report, 2007). Industry Background Historical Background of the Industry:   * Composition of the organization:       + Composed of:           o the Memorial VA Medical Center;           o five community clinics;   * Inception and development of organization:       + Medical Center started in 1977.       + Community clinics added at the end of the last decade.   * Later developments:       + Additional reclassification of benefits;       + Introduction of VA enrollment system;       + Priority groups’ classification. The VA Loma Linda Healthcare System consists of Memorial VA Medical Center of Jerry L. Pettis and five basic community clinics. The medical center was opened in 1977 having the name
Introduction The success of marketing is determined is determined by various factors; thus marketing managers should ensure consideration of the various factors in laying down marketing strategies. Research has showed that, the quality of goods, the competency of the sales personnel, need recognition, personal preferences as well as the financial status of the buyer are key determinants of sales. In this case, the analysis of market studies should be consultative and inclusive to avoid misinformation. This paper will analyze the reports on a market research concerning the sale of various commodities. Further, the paper will also outline the importance of the results in marketing as well as highlighting what can be done to improve future market studies. The results of the first report are quit impressive in that they clearly match with the basis of the theory on need recognition. This is very evident from the study; it is realized that customers purchase products deliberately and with some sense of thought. It is evident from the report that, every customer purchased a product of his/her choice with little or no influence from the sales persons. Further, it is noticed that all customers are from the same state, Atlanta thus belonging to the same financial class. It is also evident that, advertising has played a major role in informing the customers on thus enable them to judge between alternatives. I strongly agree with the model and the study report since it reflects the real behaviors of the customer. However it is evident that, customers were also influenced by advertisements in making decisions on closely related products. For instance, all the three customers, Larry, James, and Whitney were to some extent influent influenced by advertisements on making their choices between the closely related commodities. It’s also correct that, all stages are followed before purchasing any product and in only rare cases do people skip the stages of purchasing. In sum, the theory is justified that customers are guided by need recognition; though advertisements and sales experience have a key role in influencing customers’ choices and satisfaction. The results of the second story based on the theory of Maslow are some how misleading. According to this model, people buy good depending on the benefit they will derive from the product; however this has not been the case in this story. The ideas of this model have not been adequately depicted in this story; this is evident from the customers’ response on the sale of the television. In the first case, frank response was that he was not satisfied from the purchase of the television thus contradicting the theory. Seco
The differences between the Persian and Greek cultures can be seen in several traditions and customs. In Persia, the distinction between different religions and languages was accepted by the society, allowing people from the conquered territories to continue practicing their ancestral traditions without being persecuted (Brooks, 2019). In contrast, Greeks were less tolerant of other religions and cultures, enforcing submission to Greek customs from the populations residing in their territory (Brooks, 2019). Another significant dissimilarity was the citizens’ attitude toward the authority, with the Persian residents voluntarily supporting the King and remaining strongly loyal to him (Brooks, 2019). In Greece, where the democratic rule was considered the most beneficial, the concept of one person reigning over others was disapproved, with the majority of the elite supporting democracy as a just distribution of power. The political structures of Persia and Greece were also highly distinct, as each system was to support the established governing methods. Persian government allowed for efficient control over separated locations and managed the authority of the leaders who were given the most power, the political governors and military generals (Brooks, 2019). Alternatively, the Greek political system was based on democracy, but it was highly unequal and challenging to manage over long distances (Brooks, 2019). Another crucial aspect of Persian leadership was modest taxation, which was increased only when military forces were required for war. In comparison, the Greek taxation system was incredibly sophisticated, and to ensure prosperity; it heavily relied on Greece’s allies. The significance of Athens’ downfall in the Peloponnesian war is connected to Athens’ role as the city-state that unified several Poleis. One argument suggests that after surrendering to the Spartans, Greece lost most of its political and military power, primarily accumulated in Athens (Brooks, 2019). Another point of view is that the Peloponnesian defeat diminished Athens’ possibilities to conduct imperial expansion, undermining the established political order and reducing Athens’ influence on other Gr