ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Although coal continues to play a fundamental role in the economic matrix of Australia, particularly as a primary energy source as well as a leading foreign exchange earner, it is now undeniable that the expansion of the coal mining industry in the country can no longer be said to be a foundation for sustainable economy (Evans, 2010). Indeed, this expansion, coupled with the introduction of new mining technologies such as coal seam gas (CSG), have increasingly placed pressure on local and regional communities and environments, and more than doubled the extent, scope, magnitude, and profile of the compounding impacts. Today, more than ever before, agricultural producers in coal mining states of Australia, particularly in Queensland and NSW, are facing a bleak ecological future as coal seam gas mining companies descend on their food producing land for explorative as well as for mining purposes. In spite of the fact that these agricultural producers are responsible for bringing significant income to state and local budgets, and despite the fact that the agricultural producers are personally or cooperatively responsible for decreasing the dependence of Australia on imported food, it is disturbing to note that legal and environmental trajectories in the country, in large part support the mining industry to the detriment of the agricultural sector (Franks, et al, 2011). In terms of conceptual definitions, agricultural producers are generally farmers and industries who produce and supply farm-related products, implying that they are primary stakeholders in as far as the water resource is concerned, including the withdrawal, use, and discharge of this vital resource. The definition of the term ‘agricultural producers’ stakeholder’, therefore, takes into consideration the fact that water is necessary for life and, as such, all living things must be enjoined together as stakeholders in protecting and conserving this important resource for without it there could be no life in the first instance (Wingo, 2001; Evans, 2010). The reasons why agricultural producers are opposed to CSG mining are many and varied. To start with, it is generally feared that the CSG fracking process, which basically entails the injection of environmentally depleting chemicals, water and sand at extremely high pressures to fracture underground rock and release gas, will not only contaminate underground water and productive agricultural soil, but will overstretch environmental, social, human, and economic systems in the affected regions in addit
Introduction In the American society, racial discrimination is a big problem that continues to thrive because of the evident unfair treatment of people based on their race. This makes it extremely difficult for geographically segregated communities like Watts to trust the justice system in this country. In a black dominated community such as the Watts, racial discrimination and biased legal system is apparent. Why should Watts experience the drugs and crimes riddle? If law enforcement officers are working in a just manner, this should not happen in this community. In the book, Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned consisting of fourteen unique stories, Mosley Walter describes the racial aspect by examining bittersweet life of Socrates Fortlow, which came eight years after Socrates completed his rape and murder sentence in prison.. As the novel progresses, Socrates, a black man must work assiduously to find an amicable way to live an upright and praiseworthy life in the world dominated by the white people. This takes every self-control ounce that Socrates has as racial segregation has adverse effects on his life. After Socrates gets out of prison, he vehemently tries to understand the strange life outside prison. He tries to come into terms with the life he had led before, as well as during his detrimental incarceration. This results in a masterpiece work, which has a haunting display of a unique life entirely bounded by fear, violence, racism, and lust. In this paper, I will examine “Marvane Street” and “History”. In some parts of these short stories, racial discrimination and racial profiling are apparent. However, this should not be the case because every person should receive equal treatment no matter his/her race. The “Marvane Street” The “Marvane Street” is a fascinating must-read chef-d’oeuvre that strategically gives the reader a unique insight on the aspects of race in the community. This story has a unique race enigmatic that calls for thorough scrutiny to unravel the diverse comments on various aspects of racial identity. As the story unfolds, Socrates, the protagonist in this novel, shows his friend Darryl what he considers as one of the key problems in their community. The community has many racial problems mainly contributed by the difference between black people and white people living in American community (Catherine and John 56). As a black convict, who has spent most part of his life serving a jail sentence, Socrates strives to live a virtuous life that does not add more violence to this violence riddled society of Marvane Street. Darryl asks Socrates why he keeps on going to the deplorable and infamous Marvane Street. Socrates answers him by reckoning that the street represents a treasured place to identify the problem in this community (Mosley 84). After his incarceration, Socrates goes to Watts community, which is a black community living in Loss Angles. He first earns a living by doing minor job of gathering cans, and later works as a bounty supermarket worker. In this community, houses and other properties have names, which convey the immense racial segregation existing in therein. The c
The power of consumer culture is capable of manipulating million of minds. Contemporary society, therefore, is reluctant to resist the commonalities and fashions of trends dictating by advertising and consumer-conditioned society. Conformist tendencies are also brightly revealed in the story called A & P written by John Updike. In the story, the author emphasizes the overwhelming dependence of society on the commodity culture and other consumer trends that make people adhere to the mass consciousness. However, Sammy, the protagonist of the story, is among the pioneer who manages to oppose to the constructed system and prove to himself that he is able to express personal views on societal culture. Despite the criticism of the story representing it as an absurd action of a teenager attracted by girls, the story provides a message about the consequences for the welfare of society. Sammy can be regarded as a hero who tries to resist the conformist culture and express his personal view on social structure. In the story, the protagonist realizes that people are assimilated into the corporate culture represented in the grocery store. From the very beginning, Sammy firmly believes that is not like those people visiting the story. He calls them “sheep” and “house-slaves” whose primary purpose is to ramble near the aisles of the story and search for various products they do not actually need: “A few house-slaves in pin curlers even looked around after pushing their carts past to make sure what they had seen was correct” (Updike 150). Sammy is sure that he cannot be compared to Stokesie whose only purpose is to be promoted on a career ladder. He is not identified with Lendel either, whose only problem is haggling cabbages and hiding behind the door office. Sammy’s cynicism, sarcasm, and self-confidence builds a gap between consumer culture and the hero’s rebellion spirit. Sammy seems to support those who encourage a natural approach to leading life where there is no place for superficial demands dictated by the commodity culture. The protagonist does not want to be always a checkout clerk; go beyond the ‘store’ habits of people. The emerged conflict, therefore, is inside the main hero because he is uncertain about his future. But what is for sure is that his rebellion spirit will be directed at adhering to the established frames of stereotypical behavior. Sammy choose not to follow the fashion of the newly emerged youth generation and, at the same time, his is reluctant to follow his father steps. One of the managers, however, attempts to remind Sammy of his obligations: “Sammy, you don’t want to do this to your Mom and Dad” (Updike 151). However, this phrase ignites the protagonist to make decision and leave the story. At the end of the story, the hero admits, “…how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter” (Updike 151). Though the hero proves that he is able to surpass the conventional boundaries, the society ignores his attempts to put aside the consumption habits and dictate new moral values. In conclusion, the story is a brightest example of how consumer culture
Toshiba has been at the center of a significant accounting scandal in 2015, as internal audits revealed that the company’s records contained numerous inconsistencies. The alterations were primarily skewed to inflate the corporation’s profit statements above the actual values, and the process had been going on for approximately seven years. Toshiba’s CEO, as well as numerous other board members, resigned as a result of the controversy. This case study investigates possible decisions for the corporation after the discovery of the issue as well as its potential causes. Different Behaviors during the Scandal Toshiba’s response to the arising controversy was mostly a standard corporate reaction to a large-scale mistake. According to Misawa (2016), the new CEO of the company issued a public apology to the shareholders and stakeholders and promised a return to the founding principles of the organization. In addition, he ordered a re-evaluation of the financial results from the years during which the deception had taken place. Lastly, the company increased the proportion of outside directors to ensure that the board’s activities would be monitored more closely. While significant amounts of trust and goodwill had been lost, Toshiba rearranged itself and continued operations. In most respects, the corporation’s response to the discovery of the reporting issues was appropriate, as it had followed the guidelines outlined in the investigative report issued by the auditing company. However, its reaction to the actions of the executives responsible for the situation can be considered lacking. While no one disputed their influence on the case and their responsibility for the wrongful reporting, they were allowed to resign and partially save their reputation. Furthermore, their opinion on the motives that pushed them to establish unrealistic goals and overlook fraudulent reporting remained unheard. A more thorough investigation and a formal firing would have lent Toshiba more insight into the issues present in its corporate culture and created a more powerful image of changing the undesirable practices. Toshiba Scandal and Lifetime Employment The work ethic of Japan was likely responsible for a part of the motivation behind the false reporting. The job market is less fluid there than it is in the West, and employees tend to work for a single company without changing jobs. As a consequence, contradicting one’s superiors or calling attention to unhealthy practices within the company is often too risky. The results of such an act would be uncertain, but the person’s superiors would likely remember the worker in a negative light and be less likely to give him or she pay increases or promotions. The tendency manifested itself in Toshiba, where employees would falsify records when faced with unrealistic expectations rather than discuss the difficulty of the task with the management. The superiors’ excuse of disguising the goals as “challenges” exacerbated the issue, creating a situation where the workers did not
Introduction The violin is a musical instrument that is considered as one of perfect. It is indeed perfect due to its versatility and attractive musicality. The violin has been described as a human voice because its model is able to reproduce different human moods from a sorrowful mood, to a pathetic mood to exhilarating joy and even lyrical happiness. Massart and Kreisler were violinists reputed for their ability to make their violins cry. The violin can emulate almost all the other music instruments and can produce varied feelings depending on the skill of the player. It is within the range of the four octaves of a violin to play all the microtones and tones of the scale and can play chords, as well. The violin can also imitate all sorts of animal noises and bird singing and generally any other sound that can be imagined. There have been many great violin players in history, but the greatest of them all were Niccolo Paganini and Karol Lipinski with the former being more famous than the latter. The two lived at the same time and even shared performances. The paper presents the life and work of the two prominent violinists going a step further to provide working supportive evidence behind the claim that Paganini was more famous in relation to his counterpart Lipinski. Life and Work of Niccolo Paganini Niccolo Paganini was an Italian composer, guitarist, violist and violinist. He lies in the category of the most popular violinists ever in history. In fact, today’s violinists have declared him the foundation of the famous violin skill. Paganini was the third of Antonio and Teresa’s six children and was born in October 27, 1782 in Genoa, Italy. His parents, particularly his father, were not triumphant as dealers. As a result, they had to venture in other sectors, for instance, the music industry, as a way of backing up their earnings. At only five years old, Paganini began attending mandolin lessons steered by his father. The bright student, as revealed by the father, was good enough to apply his violin skills learned from his father in real life situations at only seven years. Paganini showed musical talent at an early age, which earned him several scholarships for training in violin playing. Paganini carried out his lessons under a very close mentorship of people like Giacomo Costa and Giovanni Servetto. As a result, his mastery of violin outweighed that of his former teacher: his father. Accompanied by his father, Paganini paid a visit to Parma in search for more skills from people like Rolla Alessandro. Ghiretti and Paer mostly influenced the composition style adapted by Paganini even though he did not take long with them. In 1796, the French invaded northern Italy including Genoa. The Paganini family escaped to Romairone near Bolzaneto to seek refuge. Accompanied by his father, Paganini paid another visit to Livorno in 1800. Here, he got a chance to participate in concerts while his father did nautical exertions. He did not earn much from his position and would get most of his income from freelancing. As much as Paganini was a famous violinist, he was equally
Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory disturbance that can affect any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the rectum. This chronic pathology is constantly progressing, causing irreversible changes in the mucosa. Therefore, new therapy methods are continually being developed and implemented. One of the most effective ones is a capsule wireless endoscopy. The new approach involves swallowing a pill with a tiny camera that transmits an image that identifies the disease (Brazier, 2021). Furthermore, one of the latest procedures is detecting ASCA, a specific serologic marker that confirms a patient has Crohn’s disorder. In the initial stages, conservative treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones, and immunosuppressants with a sparing diet is usually used. However, it is now possible to operate extracorporeal hemocorrection methods, which help to remove circulating immune complexes autoantibodies from the bloodstream. This reduces the dosage of hormones while maintaining and even increasing their effectiveness (Brazier, 2021). Moreover, one of the innovative treatment techniques is the transplantation of fecal microbiota. All patients with antibiotic-associated Clostridium difficile colitis experienced remission and restoration of normal microflora after a single procedure. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease against the background of essential therapy had from one to two treatments with a positive effect. Researchers also found that the interaction between Fn14 receptors and tumor necrosis factor in patients with inflammatory gastrointestinal tract is overexpressed. They concluded that a targeted treatment for Crohn’s disease might suppress Fn14 receptor activity (Brazier, 2021
Introduction The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report has identified a row of limitations in the health care quality along with some significant errors still present in the health care institutions around the United States. Analysis of this information along with the facts from the nursing literature and the sources pertaining to education, business, and human resources has suggested that the detected issues have many implications to the Advanced Practice Nursing (APN). This project aims to discuss the implications of the two identified issues of variance of hospital care quality and insufficient preparedness for prevention of infectious diseases spread during the hospital stay to the APN. Main body First, the evaluation of facts shows that the issue of variance of hospital care quality is a hurtful problem in today’s US health care situation. Hospital clients face the difficulty of finding a health care institution where they will be able to acquire high quality help and unfortunately, it is not always the case that this institution will be found near to their house (Healthgrades, 2014). The implication of this issue to the APN is that the advanced practice nurses may become the change agents who will eventually improve the situation for the better (Barker, 2015). The training offered to the advanced practice nurses should prepare them to become the care provision leaders to assist nurses in their teams in offering high quality care in every area to all (Barker, 2015). To do so, the advanced nursing specialists may stick to the business practices and tools widely available nowadays (Wheelen, Hunger, Hoffman, & Bamford, 2015). For instance, they may utilize the Information Technology tools specifically designed to measure performance of each nursing unit and identify the problematic areas where there are oversights. They may also introduce the interactive tools to measure the patient satisfaction over the quality of care received. Then, the acquired information can be analyzed and used to offer guidance to those in the team who need extra effort to perform well (Moffat, 2011). Next, the issue of insufficient preparedness for prevention of infectious diseases spread during the hospital stay is another negative development that the advanced practice nurses can overcome. According to Healthgrades (2014), “sepsis resulted in an average in-hospital length of stay of 8.8 days in 2010” (p. 3). This state of affairs is unacceptable because of its high costs to the population health status and economy. Barker (2015) has stated that mere hand washing procedures done properly while having the direct contact with patients largely decrease the hospital sepsis rates. It is thus the responsibility of the advanced practice nurses to ensure the full compliance of all the nursing personnel to the standards of the hand hygiene. Conclusion In sum, the IOM report demonstrates that along with the remarkable achievements in the health care, a number of complicated issues still exist. This project addressed the two identified issues o
Introduction Milton Friedman’s claim that management’s main objective should be to expand shareholder wealth is misleading. It does not fully embrace certain business dynamics such as shareholder roles, obligations to other stakeholders, the moral minimum, effectiveness of the legal system, as well as sustainability of nonfinancial interests. The essay will discuss shareholder roles, the legal system, existence of other stakeholders, morality and plausibility of other objectives. More than shareholder wealth Scholars know Milton Friedman for believing in free enterprise; consequently, it is not a surprise that he advocated for the primacy of shareholder wealth (Wilcke 2004). He believed that such a goal was symptomatic of the freedoms and rights that cause voluntary exchange and economic success. However, Milton and his supporters may have ignored certain crucial elements of business that do not relate directly to shareholder wealth. First, Milton assumed that managers and shareholders are entirely separate entities (Husted & Salazar 2006). In today’s business arena, entrepreneurs have so many business structures to choose. Some entrepreneurs may form limited liability firms, public corporations or partnerships. Depending on the structure chosen, a manager may also double as a shareholder and thus perform duties that extend beyond Friedman’s narrow limitation of management’s duties. Friedman’s interpretation of their role was a contractual obligation that placed them at the mercy of their shareholders (Wilcke 2004). He did not consider the fact that some managers may sometimes perform executive decisions on the basis of their equity in the firm. Some of them may decide how capital investments occur or engage in public relations. This implies that managers can be concerned with more than just shareholder’s value if they have practical ownership of an organisation. In this light, management has another key objective that it ought to consider; social performance (Husted & Salazar 2006). As such, one can question Friedman’s assertions about the primary objective of management. One can also criticise Milton’s ideas based on the roles and responsibilities of shareholders, as well. In Freidman’s articles, he assumed that shareholders were permanent, or at least interested in the long term interest of the firm. However, this is not always true; plenty of investors can buy and sell shares without a