ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This report will analyze an article that cites false data on the rise in crime rates in Northern Ireland. Since most people tend to trust statistics, fake news often uses fictitious numbers for various manipulative purposes. The report will provide real PSNI data and compare it with the information presented in the article. An analysis of the PSNI report will also be carried out. The report will also evaluate how fully the PSNI report reflects the crime situation in Northern Ireland and the reliability of this information. Article Summary The article’s title states that the rate of violent and drug-related crime has risen dramatically in Northern Ireland. Michael O’Sullivan notes, “according to the PSNI, the number of violent crimes has doubled in the past year, and the number of cases of violence without injuries has increased by 80%.” The author also cites the opinions of residents who are concerned about the situation. Then O’Sullivan cites fictional statistics about a record fivefold increase in rape, as well as a threefold increase in “other sex crimes.” The author does not stop these frightening statements but goes even further. He argues that crime rates have risen in ten of the twelve police districts, with the highest increases in Lisburn & Castlereagh City, and Antrim, and that an increase in crime has also been recorded in Belfast. At the same time, Derry and Armagh City “saw a decrease in crime.” O’Sullivan then addresses drug-related offenses and stresses that drug trafficking and possession have also “grown sixfold in the last year.” Finally, to create the illusion of objectivity, the author gives comforting “statistics” that the level of such crimes as criminal damage, burglary, and public order offenses has decreased. Article Critique The article, written by Michael O’Sullivan, is based on false information. In particular, the provision of incorrect information begins with a headline that speaks of an unprecedented rise in violent and drug crimes in Northern Ireland. The graph presented in the PSNI 2018/2019 report, published on November 8, 2019, reflects that since 2015 knife and sharp instrument crimes have decreased by about 20% and have grown by 2-3% compared to 2018 ( Trends in police recorded crime , p. 24). Simultaneously, drug-related crimes did increase, but only by 9% compared to 2018 and by 21% compared to 2015 ( Trends in police recorded crime , p. 40). In contrast, O’Sullivan stated that drug trafficking and possession increased six times in 2018/2019. But these are not the only inconsistencies; further, the author provides incorrect data on the growth of violent crimes by 100%. In fact, according to PSNI data, from 2018 to 2019, the level of crimes resulting in actual bodily harm and grievous physical harm increased by no more than 3% ( Trends in police recorded crime , p. 24). The author also stated that in 2018/2019, the crime rate increased in 10 out of 12 police districts, among which Lisburn & Castlereagh City and Antrim
Though known to many people during his time as a monk, the experiments Gregor Mendel carried at his garden brought the botanists side of Mendel. His studies in the trends on how traits are inherited from the parents provided a solid foundation for studying genes, their associated traits and how they are inherited. One of the breaks through he made in his studies was discovery of the independent assortment of genes. By carrying out crosses between dihybrid plants, he was able to come up with his second law of inheritance, the Law of Independent Assortment of genes. This law states that individual genes encoding for individual traits are independently passed from parents to offspring. This occurs during gamete formation at anaphase I of the first meiotic division when
Karaian, the author of this article, is much updated about the effects of technological advances, legal and cultural discourses to the teenage girls. The author is concerned about the influence of the social media technologies on teenagers in a broader analysis, basing on child sexual abuse, negative impacts, and risks surrounding childhood sexuality. The author argues that social, cultural, and moral curiosities contribute a lot to the current failures in policy-making around teen sexting (Karaian, 2012). Karaian also looks at the measures the law takes to govern sexting among young people. Here, the author analyses the current measures that governments take to curb sexting among the youth. She uses this article to raise the voice of the teenagers concerning sexting, which has been silenced in the public, politics, and media discourse. According to the article, consensual sexting is denied in cultural and legal discourses, and hence, there is the need of calling for attention to these denials. The author speaks directly about things that go unspoken by institutions, groups, and individuals. For instance, Karaian creates awareness of the different behaviors and risks associated with teen sexting (Karaian, 2012). The author’s argument is very positive. She uses easy language and includes many examples in her work for readers to understand the context. Cultural and legal discourses should promote campaigns aimed at preventing teen and unplanned pregnancies nationally. The author is not happy with the way sexting receives little or no concerns from the governing laws and cultural beliefs. Basing on teen sexting, how do the new technologies affect young people? The emerging technologies play a significant role in creating awareness of preventing teen and unplanned pregnancies. The article discusses that the current national and local media across North America are against risks associated with teen sexting. According to the author, the media perceive sexting as the practice of communicating or possessing text messages and images that are sexually suggestive on their cell phones or internet (Albury & Lumby, 2010). Teenagers easily access pornographic films through their cell phones. The author narrates that teenage girls and boys take their nude pictures using technological devices and share them with other teenagers who hold or possess the same devices. Theoretically, this practice can breach child pornography laws. However, it is argued that the act is an expression of the identity of the young people, and hence needs to be protected by the North American law (Karaian, 2012). How do legal and cultural constructions increase the risks associated with teen sexting? According to the author’s qualitative analysis
Introduction The low density lipoprotein receptor is the pathway for elimination of cholesterol from circulation in the body. Cholesterol is the molecule that forms the component of the plasma membrane. Even though, cholesterol is a key part of cellular membranes and a substrate in the steroid hormones and the synthesis of bile acid, cholesterol is also harmful if in excess. Cholesterol is a contributor to cardiovascular diseases. The LDL receptor has a role in regulating of cholesterol in the body and is useful in reducing the cardiovascular risk (Fernandes, 2006). Treatments for Cardiovascular Disease The LCD receptor has led to beneficial therapies, which has reduced cardiovascular diseases. The treatment has targeted the cholesterol synthetic pathway and has resulted to reduced cholesterol level. Research has shown a reduction of LDL to 70mg/dL and below results to regression of atherosclerosis. The LDL receptor genes in the human body regulate and control the amount of low density lipoprotein in the body. The low density lipoprotein receptor is responsible for regulating endocytosis of LDL in the body. The gene is located in the 19 th chromosome, and the mutation occurs in the LDL receptor protein coding (Fernandes, 2006) The LDL receptor structure is a membrane protein that has 839 amino acids. The amino acid is divided into 5 domain, that is, LDLR repeat, EGF repeat, O-linked glycosylation, membrane and Cytoplasmic domain. All the 5 domains are classified based in the functions and structural analysis. The hereditary information is stored amino acid structure of the cytoplasm (Fernandes, 2006). Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FM) is a condition where there is a mutation of LDL receptor. It is a genetic disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. It is a rare mutation that results to defective LDL binding to LDLR. The patients of FM have a high level of plasma cholesterol, which may rise to 1500mg/dL and have a high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Familial Hypercholesterolemia is a hereditary disorder and starts at early stages of life. It causes heart attack and also contribute to Atherosclerosis (Fernandes, 2006). The gene mutations of the LDL-receptor occur naturally in a number of classes. Class 1 mutation is when there is no synthesis of LDL receptor gene. Class 2 mutation is when there is a synthesis of LDL receptor protein, but this receptor do not reach the Golgi bodies. Class 3 mutation on the other hand occurs when the LDL receptors do not bond well on the cell surface. Class 4 mutation is when cluster at one place and do not bind to the cell (Ballantyne, 2009) The latter stages of mutation are subdivided to purification of LDL receptor and the development of antibodies that facilitate the subdivision. The traits of FH are as a result of a number of LDL-receptor mutations. Mutation in other genes also results to inherited hypercholesterolemia, which symptoms are like that of FH (King, Jerome and Arno 131). Conclusion Research has been done to determine the relation between the mutation classes and the expression of diseases in relation of cholesterol elevation and severity of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the rese
Human resources are the driving force of an organisation; they need to be well managed and preserved for the benefit of the company. Human resources management is a continuous process that starts with planning, recruiting, maintaining, motivating, knowledge-management and finally dismissal. Hilton is an international company in the hospitality industry where it operates chains of hotels. The group of hotels has more than 130,000 team members distributed in more than 3,600 hotels in 81 countries/territories. Delta is an airline company that have more than 160 million customers every year and flies in more than 350 destinations in more than 70 countries. The success of the company is vested on effective human resources management. Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd is a shipping company that offers a wide range of career opportunities in its land and on-board sections. This paper discusses the above three companies (Delta airlines, Hilton group of hotels and Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd); it will use them to evaluate business strategies for internal customers. Organization’s business strategies for internal customers Hilton case The company aims at offering a career growth to its employees who recruited from different part of the world. Different levels are filled using appropriate mechanisms. For example, high-level managers are recruited is centralised at the head office and then distributed to respective country’s branches. At branch level, they can employ other carder of employees. It does not discriminate employees in gender, sex, colour, race or nationality; its interest is the level of qualification that an employee has. In the company’s mission statement, it recognises the needs of internal customers thus, it can be deduced that there is proper internal customer management. This is likely to be in areas of recruitment, selection of competent employees and developing an orchestrate team. After recruiting, the company have appropriate motivational measures to ensure that they retain employees for the good of the company. Since its incorporation in 1919 in Cisco, Texas by Conrad Hilton, the hotel as grown to be an international five star because of its qualified management team who value their employees (Hilton group of hotels official website, 2010). Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd The company have over 20 ships transporting people and cargo across the globe. Its staffs are either in the office for monitoring and others are aboard a ship as crewmembers. Shipping crews face different challenges alongside unique and adventurous experience they get from transport business in different parts of the world. When recruiting crews, the company has a centralized office, situated in Miami, Florida. After successfully engaging an employee, depending with the particular employee experience, they offer different trainings and career development paths. They aim at offering conducive environment to their employees to facilitate innovation and in
Relevance of Regulations Organizations where employees are not regulated, and all interactions between the parties involved are chaotic risk showing negative results. This can be manifested in the loss of reputation, violation of business communication, refusal to follow the established rules. First of all, it is crucial to recognize the necessity and relevance of regulatory compliance for any organization and medical institution in particular. For this purpose, it is enough to present a company that lacks any signs of orderly work and structuring. Employees are free to come to work at any time and leave whenever they want. Then, scheduled plans are not performed on time, and communication between employees is based solely on the personal and emotional motivation of colleagues. In addition, safety precautions, which are particularly relevant to facilities where employees are at high risk, may not be adhered to due to a reluctance to comply with regulations (Kaire, 2017). Thus, employee negligence may lead to the risk of injury, low productivity and financial success of the company. Health Care Industry This problem becomes especially acute when it comes to medical organizations, where the patient’s health is the main result of effective work through compliance with regulations. While the need to comply with regulations is absolute for companies from all industries, failure to follow established policies in the public or private health care sector can have serious consequences. In particular, it should be understood that a patient’s health condition after hospital discharge is the main product of a health care organization. Therefore, if clinical staff are not prepared to follow regulations and management does not use the main tools of the regulatory compliance program, internal organ
Introduction The Federal Reserve System, commonly known as the Fed, is often accused of being unable to prevent a financial crisis that started in 2008. While having wide powers in studying and regulating the banking sector, the institution could not effectively manage the industry to prevent the economic downfall. The issues within the system combined with the inability to effectively regulate banks led to economic catastrophe. Instead of focusing on the ways that could potentially serve as a catalysator for economic growth, Fed issued policies that were targeted at creating a short-term effect, while in the longer perspective they could cause governmental actions of increasing taxes and expenditures. Origins of the Issue Fed is a grand governmental structure that enjoys having a large amount of independence. Before the crisis of 2008, the agency was not controlled by audit measures targeted at determining the purposes and sums of governmental expenditures. Moreover, the Fed had unlimited access to information regarding the statistics from all the country’s financial institutions. However, there were certain obstacles for it to create strategies that would be pushing others to action. First of all, the Fed is only partially an independent structure. The most serious decisions that will affect the whole nation have to pass the Senate and the President. Besides, the system is represented by professionals who have different points of view. This issue makes the process of decision-making rather long. Moreover, there is an opinion that the structure itself represents the interests of the government workers rather than ordinary citizens. It is easy to share a perception that the Fed acts only after receiving orders from politicians who have their interests in the financial industry. Secondly, Western civilization is obsessed with the idea of the free market. Many people believe that having the government control the financial flows on a high level serves as a base for canceling the fundamental civil rights and ignoring the rules of capitalism. However, a free market is a utopia, and the economy is always controlled by the government at some level to ensure that all cash flow processes are fair and do not harm citizens in any way. This fact solely did not let the Fed act on its behalf during the financial crisis. Finally, it is claimed that the agency knew about the disturbin
Positive psychology is divided into three levels, which include subjective level, individual level and group level. The subjective level deals with the study of the person’s positive experiences such as joy, happiness and satisfaction, while the individual level focuses on the identification of the ingredients of a good life or personal characteristics that make one a good person. Lastly, the group level of positive psychology emphasizes on civic virtues and other factors that enhance development of citizenship and communities (Diener, Harter, & Arora, 2010). This paper describes subjective well-being. Subjective Well-Being Human beings have always tried to investigate what brings happiness or life satisfaction over the years. This concern led the psychologists to carrying out studies in subjective well-being. As a result, they realized that a person’s well-being and happiness depend on mood, emotions, and cognitive judgments. Therefore, subjective well-being refers to the study of the individual’s cognitive development and effective assessment of his or her life (Tay & Diener, 2011). This implies that one’s happiness and satisfaction depend on two elements, which include emotional reactions and cognitive judgments. Cognitive judgments refer to the way a person perceives his /her satisfaction, both broadly and in specific areas. On the other hand, emotional reaction refers to personal mood and feelings that define the evaluation of a good life by the individual (Diener, Harter, & Arora, 2010). Some psychologists suggest that personal characteristics such as love, wisdom and freedom are expressions of a fulfilled existence, while others argue that the presence of pleasurable experience and absence of pain describe a good life. Therefore, subjective well-being can be summarized as the emotional, mental, and physical pleasures and pains that people experience. Pleasant emotions and feelings such as joy and happiness denote positive life experience, while unpleasant emotions and feeling such as guilt, shame and anger denote negative personal experiences (Diener, Harter, & Arora, 2010). The concept of subjective well-being is explained well using philosophical principle of utilitarianism, whereby the presence of pleasure and absence of pain describes a good life. This means that person with a greater level of satisfaction and less pain is deemed to enjoy a higher level of subjective well-being. This makes subjective well-being to be all about maximizing
I decided to go back to school and change my life because I want to get a degree in human resource management, help to keep the economy growing, and to get a job working for Homeland Security. Change is inevitable, it happens whether we like it or not and we have to adapt to it. There have been changes in our individual lives and in the political, social and economic environment around us. We can control the changes in our lives through the decisions we make and the hard work that we put in when we are following our dreams. It is these decisions and the hard work that shapes the path to our futures. Going back to school has changed my life because l can now pursue my dream of getting a degree in human resource management. Being an active duty military member, going back to school is the hardest decision I had to make but I know that it will make me a better person in life, not only in the military, but in the outside world as well. Getting a well-paying job nowadays is difficult enough even with a degree, so you can imagine how hard it would be without one. This degree would help me in improving my chances of employment. Economic issues are tearing our country apart and l have taken it upon myself to go back to school and study enough to change people’s views on business and to try to be a part of the process of lifting the country’s economy. Small businesses account for 52% of US workers and it is therefore important for the businesses to be supported because without them there would be a huge unemployment rate in the country. People who are interested in business need to be encouraged to start them. Changing people’s ideas about a certain subject or field requires one to be educated in that specific field otherwise people will not believe you or you might mislead them because of lack of information on the subject. Degrees are a certification of knowledge in a particular field and that is what makes people believe you and change. Last but not least, I decided to go back to school because I want to work for Homeland Security after l finish serving the military. This is my main reason for going back to school because l feel that l have enough experience to take on the job but l do not have the degree therefore l am not qualified for the job. I have not been to school for seven years and going back was a hard decision to make because I was an active military personnel at the time, but l am motivated to be a better person and this has changed my life because l now have the sufficient resources to make it. In conclusion, deciding to go back to school was the right decision and it feels like a dream come true. I am gaining knowledge and it is helping me as l change because it is gradually bringing me close