ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Collectivist tendencies in eastern societies characterize interactions amongst eastern cultures and this makes them quite separate from their western counterparts who are individualistic in nature. The story illustrates this clearly through the narrator who represents the western culture as he has stayed in California for a long time and his father who represents the eastern culture. Differences Western cultures tend to focus on the individual and a specific person’s needs yet the reverse occurs in eastern cultures. Most easterners will think about how their action will affect their family. For instance, they will think about whether their actions will bring shame upon their families or will bestow honor upon them (Novinger, 82). In the book, such values can clearly be seen when the narrator’s father talks about their acquaintance who had committed suicide. Instead of narrating the incident as it was, the father opted to focus only on the fact that Watanabe was an honorable man. He knew that if he started passing judgment on him then he would defame Watanabe’s family-which was an issue that is just not acceptable in the Eastern culture (Isighuro, 494). Gender relations in western cultures are also very distinct from those ones in the eastern part of the world. This is seen by assigned roles within the family and their ability to voice their concerns or communicate directly with members of the opposite sex. For instance, when the narrator interacts with his eastern father from the first time after leaving the airport, he says, “In fact, as I sat opposite him that afternoon, a boyhood memory came back to me of the time he had struck me several times around the head for ‘chattering like an old woman’.” (Ishiguro, 494) Men in the eastern culture are not expected to talk much and this explains why the narrator has such a hard time getting along with his father because he is just from a western state where men and women have more or less equal chances in communication. Strict gender roles can also be seen when father and son wait for the only female in the house – Kikuko – to come and cook for them (Isighuro, 494). Furthermore, Kikuko has to wait for the moment when she is away from her father before she can light her cigarette or even talk freely to her brother thus illustrating that women in eastern cultures are expected to be submissive and proper; an issue that hardly crops up in western cultures. Women in the latter community can freely mingle and interact with their male counterparts as was seen when Kikuko started chatting openly when her father left. She also lit her cigarette when she was away from her traditional eastern father. Western cultures tend to save face in a different way. If one finds himself or herself in some sort of trouble, one is likely to debate over the issue and give his or her opinion ope
Introduction Imperialism played a key role in the interaction of world cultures, resulting in new forms of literature, art and other forms of cultural expression. While there is no doubt that imperialism had an ugly side, scholars now realize that it was a platform for contact and cultural exchange between different communities. Locals had a role to play in the reception of foreign culture from imperialists. Through an analysis of changes that took place during and after imperialism, this report will demonstrate that the phenomenon hybridized local culture. General focus will be given to the impact of imperialism on locals’ economies, culture, development and architecture. Imperialism Definition of Imperialism Imperialism is the process of dominating a state through the use of cultural, economic and territorial inequality in order to create an empire. Imperialism may be extreme or progressive. The Nazis practiced the extreme form by eliminating unwanted peoples. Conversely, the British, French and Belgians exerted progressive imperialism by assimilating the colonized people into their culture. The colonizers claimed that they had a civilizing mission in ‘backward’ nations. Imperialism and its impact on culture Imperialism had a profound effect on native languages. Many locals learnt the language of their colonizers. Additionally, the phenomenon also altered their worldviews. It affected their religious standing as well as their leadership structures (Gratale 95). Imperialism altered their conception of gender, collectivism and health, as well. It should be noted that cultural imperialism can either be passive or active. Active cultural imperialism occurs when the foreign culture subjects the dominated group to forceful adoption of their culture. Passive cultural imperialism occurs when the colonized nation accepts different aspects of foreign culture passively. In this regard, such individuals perceive their own cultures as partly deficient. Therefore, they presume that western culture would enrich them. Usually, the local culture may not think actively about different dimensions of the culture as they presume that it is for their benefit. Imperialism leads to a low self esteem and perception of the colonized cultured as inferior (Ferguson 80). These sentiments emanated from the colonizing bodies themselves. Said (55) explains that most westerners often perceived Easterners as separate, exotic and inferior. They derived such thoughts from predominant literary and scholarly thinkers like Dante, Napoleon and Shakespeare. Therefore, the roots of the inferior-superior dichotomy were sown several years ago. Institutional structures created perceptions of non-westerners as worthy of sympathy and backward. It is these notions that were carried forth during interactions with colonized individuals. Many of them believed what colonizers told them and stuck to these ideas. Imperia
Introduction In the simulation, the international marketing strategy for the Allsmile toothpaste product was to enter countries in Latin America with the first year in Chile. The second year strategy was to enter the Mexico and Brazil markets after successful establishment of a production plant in Chile. The third year strategy was market expansion within the three countries an increasing product visibility by 70%. In the fourth year, the strategy was to enter Argentina market. The product was targeting four specific customer segments consisting of the family, kids, young customers, and the aged. From the market research, it was apparent that the family segment was the largest followed by the young customers with the aged being the smallest consumer segment. Although there were several competitors such as Eversmile and Clean+White, the entry strategy and market penetration in the five targeted countries were very successful. Despite the successful international marketing strategy, the implementation was characterized by a challenge in allocation and customisation of marketing resources, especially in marketing communication in the five targeted regions. This treatise attempts to explicitly review this challenge with the intention of proposing appropriate strategies for turning this impediment into a positive international marketing tool. Challenge of Allocation and Customisation of Marketing Resources In marketing the Allsmile product in the four targeted markets, the regional manager faced the challenge of allocation and customisation of marketing resources due to variances in culture, demand, demographics, and penetration strategies in the four targeted markets. The cultural, demographic, and economic factors made it difficult for a smooth flow in product entry in each country and subsequent market penetration. For instance, the demographic factor made it very challenging to penetrate the market in Argentina due to imbalances between the family and young customer segments. Besides, the market is Chile was highly stratified due to the unique culture among the targeted client. Literature Review Allocation and customisation of marketing resources involves proper distribution of the marketing budget to ensure that the targeted market is served in the most optimal means possible. Customisation of marketing resources is vital in international marketing since it should be in line with different factors that directly determine the outcome of each marketing strateg
Model of Play The model of play is created using the metaphor of Milky Way. The Galactic Center is the Play, and the clustered starts are the major play concepts. The idea is that the Milky Way is made of enormous amounts of clustered starts, which is similar to the model of play that also consists of multiple different concepts critical for its existence. The main elements of the model are:   * Child’s perspective – consideration of their interests and how they understand the role of play in their daily activities (Meade et al., 2013)   * Play based setting – the creation of the context promoting imaginary play and helping children to achieve success   * Culture – attention to cultural peculiarities of the participants and current needs   * Early Years Framework – all children should have the best start in their life ( The early years learning framework, n.d.)   * Reflection – analysis of results to improve models to achieve better lesson planning   * Sustained shared thinking – promotion of cooperation with peers to achieve better results ( NQS, 2012)   * Environment – the creation of appropriate contexts to improve outcomes The given model can be used in the future job to facilitate the play for students to have better knowledge and skills achieved through this play. Theoretical Discussion The proposed model of play presupposes the utilization of theoretical ideas that guarantee its effectiveness and contribute to the achievement of positive outcomes. Regarding the modern tendencies in the educational sphere and the current needs of children, the sustained shared thinking and imaginary play frameworks are used to create the case and achieve the desired goal. Sustained shared thinking (SST) is now considered a potent tool that might help to improve performance in early year settings. Its main peculiarity is the focus on the development of thinking processes by engaging in meaningful cooperation with peers and sharing ideas. The existence of an opportunity to make meaning together helps children to know more about the topic and involve in the play presupposing its further investigation and analysis ( NQS , 2012). At the same time, due to the existence of several actors solving the same task or performing a similar activity, SST can help children to accomplish tasks beyond their current level of
Introduction One of the major objectives of Al-Rahba hospital’s laboratories is to eliminate the inappropriate specimen collection since it may have an adverse impact on the patients’ wellbeing. If a specimen is not prepared in the correct way, a patient may be prescribed unsuitable treatment, which may lead to health deterioration. Therefore, Al-Rahba laboratories do their best to arrange appropriate specimen collection so as to provide their customers with the best treatment outcomes. Preparation of Specimens for Analysis The initial step of proper preparation of specimens is their correct collection. Further, upon arrival to the laboratory, each sample needs to contain a properly filled request form (1). The suitability of specimens is analyzed according to several factors that may be identified during pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic processes. Based on the following four factors, laboratory specialists decide whether to accept or reject specimens:   * issues with specimen labeling;   * requisitioning problems;   * integrity issues regarding specimens;   * result integrity problems. The Assessment of Test and Sample Appropriateness Laboratory workers need to evaluate whether the samples are suitable for analysis based on such factors as patient identification, proper transportation, and, most importantly, the specimens themselves (2). The following factors indicate that specimen should not be accepted:   * a sample is not labeled and does not provide appropriate patient identification;   * a specimen is mislabeled and provides incorrect identification;   * a sample type or container is inappropriate;   * the quantity of gathered material is insufficient;   * specimens are leaking, clotted, or heavily hemolyzed;   * sample transportation is not proper;   * a request form is not filled in correctly (time or date of collection is wrong);   * there is some inconsistency between the sample and request form labels;   * there has been a laboratory accident. The Ways of Handling of Unsatisfactory Samples The first thing that laboratory specialists need to do when they notice an unsatisfactory sample establishes the place where discrepancy occurred. Further, they either confirm or check sample requirements by applying a suitable policy. The next step is contacting the doctor or nurse in charge and informing them that there is a deficiency in the sample. The physician or nurse should tell the laboratory technician what measures should be taken. There may be a request to redraw the sample or submit a request form in an appropriate way. In case if a new sample is needed, the original spec
Introduction Recent trends in the business world have raised concerns as to whether businesses and countries will be able to successfully have resources to sustain production in the future. Issues of environmental pollution and depletion of resources have led governments, leading industrial companies and even regulatory bodies together with other organizations like the United Nations to raise their concerns as to whether the world will run out of resources soon (Olson 1999). Current trends that have brought about changes in global climate patterns in the world have led countries to reconsider their stand and commitment towards sustaining the environment (Brown 2002). Corporate entities together with governments and individuals are all responsible for taking care of the environment and have embarked on strategies that will preserve water bodies, the soil air, vegetation, and animals which have all become casualties because of the various commercial human activities taking place in the world (Natural Resources Defense Council 2005). Although many corporate bodies have time and again been blamed for using unorthodox operation techniques that have led to the detriment of the environment, governments around the world have been forced to intervene and to lead from the front by discouraging pollution and abuse of the environment by employing environment management that will force business to come up with sustainable business activities (Bullard 2007). It has thus become imperative that businesses embark on efforts that will ensure that they replenish the stock of natural resources under their jurisdiction as they continue to grow and produce finished products. The concerns of Sustainability have turned out to be a very central part of business for numerous firms that are global businesses because firms have realized if they behave irresponsibly, there may be no future resources for them to engage in production and this will lead to the death of economies and many corporate entities. Corporate leaders are incorporating sustainable business strategies into the complete cycle of the processes of the entire business processes especially when sourcing raw materials, manufacturing and even disposal after use by their loyal consumers. The concept of sustainability can be said to be “the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Desjardins 2007). ‘Triple-bottom line’ approach is now a common term that is used by experts to ensure that businesses are able incorporates; environmental/ecological stewardship, social stewardship (equity and well-being of humans and community) and economic stewardship (valuing financial continuity over profit). The triple bottom line in this case has changed the historical business orientation that forced businessmen to dwell only on issues of profitability and making money now entrepreneurs and corporate enti
The event selected for this paper is the current conflict on the territory of Ukraine. This event has been going on for over half a year, it has many participants and sides, and it also is often highlighted in the news on various media. Some of the world’s most famous news portals were chosen for this paper. Ukraine in maps: How the crisis spread . BBC . 2014. The first chosen source highlighting the current situation in the East of Ukraine is BBC. The portal works through a presentation of the political and ideological division of the country illustrating it with maps. The event is presented objectively. BBC follows its history and background; the most influential political figures are also mentioned. The portal demonstrates how the conflict appeared and escalated, how it moved from the center, to the West, to the South and finally, to the East of Ukraine. Ukraine fighting has killed at least 331 people since ceasefire – UN. The Guardian. 2014. The article posted on The Guardian is designed to explore the cease fire regime that is considered to be active in Ukraine today. The article reports that hundreds of civilians continue to be killed nearly every day in spite of the agreement to stop the fire. The article also informs that none of the fighting sides agrees to take the responsibility for the missiles falling on the civilian districts. Timeline: Ukraine’s political crisis . Aljazeera . 2014. Aljazeera provides its audience with a detailed day by day timeline of the events in Ukraine starting with the end of November when Victor Yanukovich abandoned the trade agreement with the European Union, which caused mass protests in the main Square in Kiev and soon transformed into bloody confrontations. The source presents the history of the event without choosing sides. Motyl, Alexander. Ukraine Will Have to Live With Putin’s Delusions . 2014. Finally, the article presented on Huffington post clearly states its bias. Even though the disagreement between Russian and Western perspectives of the conflict is described very well, the author of the article openly states that Russian point of view is wrong and the one of the West is right. Other articles about this events posted on Huffington post also favor Western side and often make anti-Russian claims. The event selected for this paper is a very complicated conflict that has been developing for decades, and quickly escalated in the end of November last year creating a massive clash between the government and the people of Ukraine that did not want to be ruled by their politicians. Maidan, Crimea and East of Ukraine were fighting for different things, but in general their main moving force was the same – total dissatisfaction with the government of the cou
Some might regard Stanley Kubrick’s infamous film Dr. Strangelove: Or, how I learned to stop worrying and love the bomb only as a satirical take on the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. Released just two years after the Missile Scare, it is a valid and rather rational observation (Sepulveda, 2019). However, it is crucial to grasp the nuances of Kubrick’s symbolism and storytelling. The film sends an important message about the attitudes of global leaders on gender and masculinity. Men are viewed as he sole contributors to international politics, which somehow grants them the right to disregard women completely. From the names of the characters such as Merkin Muffley to the actual depiction of a woman in the picture, Dr. Strangelove emphasizes the limitations put on women in terms of their role in society. Political leaders are the ones who should be progressive and urge the public to partake in progress. However, the film demonstrates that the foreign policy elite does not know better. They see women as objects for sexual release (Sepulveda, 2019). Buck Turgidson’s lover lies on a bed in a bikini and sunglasses. She is not in her underwear or naked; rather, she wears flashy clothes and is illuminated by a focus lamp. This suggests that the only woman portrayed in the film is subjected to objectification. Kubrick also shows the absurdity of the male ego driving the decisions of global political leaders. After an episode of erectile dysfunction, General Jack D. Ripper blames communists and their efforts to fluoridize the water for his poor performance in bed (Sepulveda, 2019). Once his masculinity is threatened, he decides to blame the enemy, which reflects the political climate of the 1960s perfectly. Despite exaggerations, it is apparent that Dr. Strangelove manages to highlight the sexist reality of male-dominated politics. Reference Sepulveda, G. (2019). Dr. Strangelove and the male ego . The Medium . Web.
To improve health in the society and influence people to change their health behaviour, the first step for an educator would be to create awareness to the public. In a school setting, a teacher would have to start with the highest office to influence the development of health awareness to the students. After creating awareness to the entire school community, the second step would be to develop a plan to change the health behaviour of the members of the community. The plan would be determined by the resources available for the school. I would develop priorities in dealing with health issue and promote programs to tackle the most pressing health issues in the community. My approach to improve health in the school setting would entail the inclusion of the students in developing the programs, and providing regular reports to the entire community about the progress in the programs. Leading by example would form the core of my strategy in influencing the students to become advocates of preventive health behaviours. In my approach toward promoting public health, the implementation process would include constant communication with the stakeholders, who would include other members of the teaching staff, and the influential student leaders. My health promotion plan would be pioneered by the students (Parsons & Stears, 2001). Theories Health promotion Health promotion in the school setting and the community at large has to incorporate the diffusion of innovation theory to attain high levels of success. The first step toward influencing the community to take part in health promotion would be to identify with the resources available toward the same. As a teacher, using students to influence their parents to assume positive health behaviour is a viable approach. Developing a social system with health awareness would have to include students, their parents, and other members of the society. To achieve this, I would have to evaluate the social structures in the community and identify with the strengths of its members. This would help in the implementation of my innovative strategy to promote health in the school and in the community. The strategy would be based on the provision of moral support to the students and their family members to engage in individual efforts to promote their health (Nutbeam & Harris, 2004). My ultimate goal in the process would be to influence the society to achieve mental, social, and physical wellness through a community-ba