ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The purpose of Zachary’s article “A dying California tells us much about America’s future” is to bring to the attention of the reader the woes affecting the state of California; their most probable causes; and how this is a reflection of an ailing U.S economy. By analyzing the problems facing America’s largest state, the author intends to provide a clear picture about the future that the American nation is heading into. According to the author, California is drastically diminishing from being the guiding principle for American achievement and optimism and instead has become a bearer of the bad news regarding the United States’ current domestic problems. The investments made by talented and enterprising world citizens are crumbling down to the detriment of these foreigners who chose to make their home in this state. So much wealth created over a long time appears to be going down to the dungeons and no-one is willing to take the blame. Foreigners, who form the largest part of the Californian population, appear to have entrusted their investment to a financially mismanaged system. Main body California’s economic woes appear to have resulted from a political system that has failed in its obligations to provide good governance to its citizens. This mighty and entrepreneurial and technological giant that should be standing high as one of the world’s largest economies is probably being destroyed by the same people who have worked so hard to put it up together. Californian politics seem to have missed out on the right road to the economic well-being of the state. Had the voters agreed to a reduction in spending and embraced tax increases, California would probably be rising from her domestic
Introduction An adventure game is a category of computer entertainment software or video game, featured by examination, examination, solving of different puzzles, communication with game characters, and a concentration on narrative rather than reflex-grounded challenges. It is necessary to note that this expression is in no way related to adventure movies, and adventure literature, and is not analytic of theme or issue matter. (Adventure Game, 2008) History The adventure games became quite admired during the late 1980s and early 1990s, and most gamers and developers regarded them to be among the most technically higher kinds. While few developers go on producing adventure games, some are still being liberated, and the adventure game genre has had some components that carry over into other genres. The expression “adventure game” is applied with the same notion in North America, Europe, and Japan, and is viewed as a pure genre in all regions. (Deubel, 2006) King’s Quest “broke” the genre (1984) King’s Quest is an adventure game sequence made by the company Sierra Entertainment. The popularity of this game is stipulated by the fact that the world of King’s Quest is complicated and immersive. It includes lots of various kingdoms and paranormal empires. Technically, the series founded the use of animatronics and pseudo-3D surroundings in adventure games, so that the main character could, for instance, walk behind objects. (King’s Quest, 2008) Maniac Mansion, SCUMM engine (point & click) (1987) Maniac Mansion is a game initially discharged in 1987 by Lucasfilm Games.. It was the game for which the SCUMM (“Script Creation Utility for Maniac Mansion”) engine was elaborated. (Maniac Mansion, 2008) Myst popularized the genre to casual gamers (1993) The Myst permission consists of a sequence of video games and novels, midpoint on the plot of Atrus and his family, who are successors of the fallen D’ni empire – a subterranean city whose nation could connect to other worlds by writing an explanatory book about that world. In 1993, after the release of the first game, people were also attracted by the fact that the game was created after the novel, and the plot had been animated on the screen. (Mackereth, 2000) The decline of the popularity in 1990 th For much of the 1980s, adventure games were one of the most admired genres of computer games created. However, their promotion share radically refused in the mid-1990s; action games took a superior sector of the market, mainly first-person shooters such as Doom and Half-Life which increasingly started attributing strong, story-arranged solo games. This slouch in reputation led many publishers and developers to see the adventure genre as economically impracticable in contrast. (Smith, Lachlan, 2003) Online-based games (1997) The appearance of online games started the new era of adventures, as gamers could not only challenge the Artificial Intelligence of the bosses, but from now on they had the great opportunity to play with real people. Online games can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a grand scale, and sometim
Introduction The Madrid System of the trademark protection is aimed at simplifying the procedure of registering the trademark on the international level when the company applies to the trademark registration office and wait while the office members verify if this trademark is valid and can be registered on the international level using the cross-border protection laws. At this point, the main purpose of the Madrid System is enlarged on in the following statement: The 1891 Madrid Agreement (to which the United States is not a part) built on the idea of enhancing the efficiency of international registration, by providing for a single application to be processed initially by the World Intellectual Property Organization. 1 Besides, the United States became the member of the Madrid Protocol in 2003. 2 Main body Simplification of rules of registration and Universalist approaches to his procedure were the primary bases for introduction of a new scheme that is supposed to create equal rights for all parties concerned. ‘The Madrid System compromises two treaties, the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (Madrid Agreement) and the Madrid Protocol for the International Registration of Trademarks (Madrid Protocol)…’ 3 This means that some parties may be a part of one of these treaties and non-member in the other or be member of both treaties. The problem is that some categories of the Madrid System fail to maintain their equalising and universalising function where the same approach and the same procedure are used by all parties that want to register their trademarks. The main difficulty in consideration of this system concerns the effectiveness of this scheme for one country and inapplicability for another. The benefits of the Madrid System include the procedure on one hand as well as the procedure can be considered one of its main disadvantages. In this respect, the controversial nature of this trademarks protection system is the main cornerstone of the present discussion. There are numerous debates over the cultural relativism and universalism of different laws and rights that should be given to the members of the global community. However, the trademarks and other issues related to intellectual property should be taken into account while establishing the universal laws that would protect all countries operating on the international level. In this respect, the idea of the Madrid System can be considered initially positive as it focuses on provision of a single application using one language for all member states. Multiple applications were planned to be prevented due to the single database and necessity of approving the trademark application through a single database only. The idea of a single application was aimed at reducing costs for trademark registration. 4 However, application of laws aimed to protect trade mark rights of the owners still remains a complicated issue that involves specific procedures. For instance, the companies in the United Kingdom have to undergo the procedure es
Introduction There are a great number of ideas concerning the image of the future world as various writers made attempts to present their vision of the world as they imagine it to be in the future. Some authors introduce the happy world where all people can do whatever they want and enjoy their lives in a perfect society which lacks violence, crimes, and even minor misunderstandings. Though pessimistic author introduce the world of the future described after a certain war, their stories, as a rule, have a hero which tends to save the world. The story “August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains” (1950) written by Ray Bradbury introduces the author’s vision of the future events in the world to the readers. Analysis of the Story The story “August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains” starts with the voice of the electronic clock which announces the time and reminds the inhabitants of the house what to do: “Tick-tock, seven o’clock, time to get up, time to get up, seven o’clock!” (Bradbury 167). The clock can be considered an integral part of the story as it leads the readers all the way till the end of the day in the abandoned house. First announcements of the clock invite the family to have a breakfast, and then it reminds them to go to work and to school, and to do all the things they got used to do every morning at the same time. The author describes household appliances as some pets or other living beings that are aimed at helping the inhabitants of the house to cope with their work in the house. Every tool, every device seems to be ready to be useful, they all are waiting when the members of the family would come and have their eggs and bacon with a glass of coffee or fresh milk. The house is full of movement, though the readers will further see that is empty. The house is alive as it is an embodiment of life, energy, and movement, though it is not full of people or other living beings. People seem to have abandoned the house long time ago and now only a dog is rushing all over the house and searching for his master and children that used to play with him before, he “…ran upstairs, hysterically yelping to each door, at last realizing, as the house realized, that only silence was here” (Bradbury 168).. Where are they? Why did they abandon him in the empty house? The dog is the only thing that left and reminds the actual world about the previous one, about the family that was living here, and the children that were playing with the dog. Every detail suggests that the door would open and the children will run into the house and it will become full of noise produced by human beings instead of machines and different mechanic devices and tools. The whole atmosphere of the house presupposes that the absence of people is a temporary phenomenon and everything is going to change in a moment when the house will become filled with people. However, Ray Bradbury drops the hints concerning the events that made the house loo
As the Information Age ushered in gargantuan changes in all aspects of our life, it certainly has revolutionized mass media to produce faster outputs with the aid of computers, digital videos and cameras. Although the technology of digital technology is a complex, technically challenging field, it is one of the single most crucial technologies driving the transition from analogue to digital media. What it does is to effectively make the flow of information faster and more convenient to reach the target audience. Digital technology is now the modern conduit for carrying information from one place to another. Take for instance, the news channel we see on television. These are still viable sources of information but why are these news companies still need to have their own websites where people can have access to their news and features? This is because they widening the scope of their news into multimedia so that they can reach out to more people and interact with them. In this way, communication is more dynamic than ever before with the aid of digital technology. Indeed, digital technology has pounced upon the old ways of making videos for film and television. Take for instance the traditional camera, in the old days these can be these bulky things that you need to shoot something you want to be seen on film or television. Actually, it was in 1965 that the first video camera/recorder, Portapak, was released in New York by the Sony Corporation. Although the early equipment was relatively heavy and its black-and-white half-inch image quality poor (not of broadcast quality) and there was no editing equipment, it provided the first access to the potential creative use of video. Until then, video equipment existed only as enormously expensive, cumbersome television-camera-and-broadcast apparatus restricted to use within tightly controlled broadcast transmission facilities (Lovejoy, 2004, p. 94). In the traditional form of gathering news stories to be in television, the reporters have to go on location, shoot the video and go back to the station for the video to be edited. The video and audio in most news broadcasts originates from videotape that has been loaded into an automated videotape playback unit (Keirstead, 2005, p. 21). After editing, it is the time when this video can be aired on live television. The process can be time constraining since analog technology needs to have to go through these processes in order for the news will be suitable to aired live. Nowadays, you can have cameras the size as our palm and you do not have to carry film reels in order to record your video. You can play it after the shoot and even slice it right there and then. Unlike before, where standard VHS and 8-mm camcorder formats can record the divisions between 240 closely spaced vertical lines on a video screen or Super VHS and Hi8 that make out 400 lines, digital recording today can have the clarity to a stunning 500 lines or more (Weiner, 25 November 1996). Before, the most common film formats are super-8, 16mm, and 35mm that are the largest also has the finest grain, the highest definition. One might think
The audience chosen for this paper is the American public at large, who are looking forward to hearing from the vice-presidential candidate as to what the Republican Party proposes to do concerning its foreign policy if it wins the election. There are different classes of people who expect a great deal from the vice-presidential candidate in knowing her vision regarding the foreign policy which her party plans to pursue in the event of their winning the election. The American public needs to hear what is in store for them in terms of the foreign policy of the country especially given the economic crisis and lack of credibility the country is suffering from in the current circumstances. Additionally, most developed and developing countries are also concerned about the turn that international politics is going to take once the new government in America is established. They also have expectations from the presidential and vice-presidential candidates to spell out their policies beforehand. This paper will examine the vice presidential debate between the Republican nominee, Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska, and Democratic nominee, Joe Biden of Delaware as it appeared in the New York Times of December 01, 2008. The purpose is to ascertain how far Governor Palin was assertive regarding the foreign policy proposals of her party and about how she planned to deal with the several issues that are vital for America’s foreign policy. Most of the debate centered on the subprime crisis and the energy crisis as also the possible bail-out plans in coming to solutions for the several problems being presently faced by the USA. In examining her campaign, comments are to be made regarding her election efforts in considering the vital issue of America’s foreign policy while she campaigned to be elected as vice president. The American public expected her to show concern about the prevailing crisis in America that would require foreign policy initiatives and to give a critique of the present scenario regarding a foreign policy of the present government. There was a need to address such issues especially because of the looming threat of America’s supremacy being reduced in the global economic front. Governor Palin should be more professional in the Vice Presidential debate about foreign policy, instead of portraying herself as a hockey mom, because as a vice presidential candidate should be more responsible, not just like a next-door neighbor who can go shopping at Wal-Mart together. Due to the failure of the Bush administration in creating a positive public image the public attention was very high towards the presidential campaigns. People were now interested in seeing what the candidates offered in solving the
Introduction Code-switching is a definition in linguistics denoting using more than one language or dialect in dialogue. Bilinguals, who can speak at least two languages as native, have the capability to use components of both languages when having a conversation with another bilingual. What is mentioned is syntactically and phonologically suitable; that denotes that even if utterances from another tongue are involved in the sentence, they will be acclimatized to the grammatical regulations of the primary language. Code-switching can take place between sentences (inter sentential) or inside the only sentence (intra sentential). Code-switching is now regarded to be a regular and normal product of contact between the bilingual (or multilingual) narrator’s languages. Code-switching can be differentiated from other language contact paradoxes such as advance conversion (calques), borrowing, pidgins and creoles, and transport or meddling. Key matters There are various standpoints on code-switching. A key advance in sociolinguistics concentrates on the societal incentives for switching, a line of inquest focusing both on instantaneous conversation components such as lexical necessity and the theme and setting of the conversation, and on more remote components such as narrator or grouping individuality, and relations-grounding (commonality). Code-switching may also be thoughtful of the regularity with which a personality applies exacting appearances from any language in his everyday contacts; thus, an appearance from one language may more willingly approach to mind than the corresponding expression in the other one. Another viewpoint principally relates to syntactic restraints on switching. This is a line of examination that has states grammatical regulations and precise syntactic frames within which a switch may take place. While code-switching had beforehand been studied as a substance of unimportant significance within the narrower institution of investigation on bilingualism, it has now shifted into a more universal concentration of awareness for sociolinguists, psycholinguists and usual linguists. Code-switching can be connected with and analytic of group association in scrupulous categories of bilingual language societies, such that the timekeeping of the irregular application of two or more languages within one dialogue may diverge to a substantial amount between language societies and that intra-sentential code-switching, wherever it takes place, maybe limited by syntactic and morph syntactic components which may or may not be widespread in character. Hong Kong English For a characteristic diversity of English to survive and be recognized in Hong Kong, localization is not sufficient. Indigenization by the means of all-over reception is also significant, but will not effortlessly be approaching, in spite of of the maintains and declarations of linguists in Hong Kong or somewhere else taking into account the existence of a typical ‘Hong Kong English’. Moreover, Hong Kong tutors of English will not recognize or assume typical local usages in their classrooms, without taking into account the dail
“To determine how SERVQUAL can help Shanghai HUA FU improve their services by taking measures aimed at the improvement of its Services Value Chain ” Context There are many companies present today that deal with intangible services. These companies offer services which are not tangible, such as training lessons, banking, etc. It is easier for the manufacturing companies or companies dealing with tangible products to identify the beginning and ending point of their services. For instance, the Ford Company manufactures cars and they can specifically point out when and where they begin manufacturing their product and when and where it will be completed. For such companies, identifying the value chain becomes easy allowing them to improve their weak links. But for companies that offer intangible services, such as tennis lessons, it is very difficult to identify the value chain. It becomes practically impossible for these companies to “apply the concept of supply and demand” because of the intangibility of their services, making it hard for them to identify the value of a particular service (Gabriel 2010). One such company is Shanghai HUA FU, which offers English training programs like IELTS, TOEFL, etc. Another problem with the service industry is that their services cannot be standardized, i.e. the concept of mass production cannot be applied here, because different clients have different needs and require services which suit them personally (Gabriel 2010). It is because of these reasons that the mangement of these companies face more diffculties, compared to others, when providing services to their customers. For instance, Shanghai HUA FU company, has to indidvudually deal with their clients and understand their needs and capabilities before providing them training. People seeking the services provided by Shanghai HUA FU come from different backgrounds, have different intelligence and interest, and so they have to individually served accordingly. A training program which suits one client, may not suit the other and it is the job of the management to make sure that the serivces provided to the client are satifying the client. Professor Michael Porter, the creator of Porter’s Value Chain, admitted that when he designed the model, he did not copnsider the whole business sector (Porter 1985), and so a number of Value Chain componenets, such as Inbound logistics and Outbound logistics, are not directly applicable to the services industry (Gabriel 2010, pp.11). According to Stabell and Fjeldstad (1998), intangible businesses, such as hospitals, insurance companies, English training programmes, find it hard to implement the value chain model in their company because Porter’s value chain lack the knowledge of these industries. They believe that one model is not enough to understand the complexity of different kinds of business (Stabell and Fjeldstad 1998). It is evident from these findings that Porter’s value chain model canot b