ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Kwame Anthony Appiah is the writer of the article entitled “The Case for Contamination.” In this article, he discusses ethical concerns and cultural diversity, referring to them as a single matter that requires reviewing and expounded discussion as well as globalization. Diversity of cultural practices from different backgrounds explains the reasons for our differences, where Kwame strongly believes that there must be a commonality despite the differences in all of us. One of the commonalities is that in those diverse cultural activities, we all have customs and traditions that we observe. Kwame views that globalization dimensions are all meant to eliminate homogeneity, thus upholding individuality. Ethical considerations are important by the fact that they promote decency in all societies. In his analyses, he challenges different types of religions in their failure to promote commonalities, but instead, they promote differences where many people lose their lives. To start with, he first addresses religion as a means of bringing universalism without encouraging any tolerance. This, however, led to murder, for instance, in the case of bloodshed, which happened in four decades during the French wars, which involved religions (Appiah 4). In the outcomes of these wars, Protestants were granted freedom to put into practice their beliefs in reverence to their faith. Unlike cosmopolitanism on the ideology of shared morality, religions in this case exhibit differences even though they are meant to teach about morals; thus, people resulted in the loss of their lives in the fight for their different morals rights. Kwame further explains more deaths caused by religious differences. There were differences between Protestants and Catholics, which occurred in Europe in 1648. Out of their struggles where each side wanted to take the lead, many Germans lost their lives in the battle. He continues to illustrate how religion has failed in promoting good relationships on commonalities of morals; thus, people suffer as a result of this. In this, he explains how armies starved, and many died as a result of various diseases that they contracted as they were roaming in the countryside. The best which is achieved in religious differences is death, where he continually illustrates that the conflict war which occurred from 1639to 1651 in the British Isles resulted in approximately 10% of the entire population losing the lives. This war was between the catholic king and the protestant armies. The inability of one religion to tolerate another brings about a distinction on cosmopolitan. Kwame puts into consideration different religions such that there are some which promote tolerance, but at the same time, they fail to exhibit the values of cosmopolitan. He, therefore, gives an example of Islamic religion, which tolerates some aspects such as; one has the freedom to eat any kind of meat as long as it is halal where he can choose between dif
Nowadays, the US society undergoes the period of cultural expansion, and the fast pace of social diversification raises the topical issue of equality in education. Multiple international education standards and goals emphasize the importance of inclusive school environments in the process of social integration. With this in mind, I would like to talk about a few potential benefits of inclusion. One of the most significant benefits of inclusion is that it helps culturally, linguistically, and physically diverse students to fulfill their developmental needs more efficiently than isolated education models do. As stated by McGovern (2015), the IDEA requires US public schools to arrange inclusive class contexts to support the learning process of students with disabilities and benefit them academically. Additionally, the research evidence reveals that social interactions experienced by disabled children in inclusive classes positively affect their psycho-emotional state and improve their overall performance. The case study conducted by Staub (2005) makes it clear that relationships between disabled and non-disabled children help them to generate more positive emotions, which are usually not observed in restrictive school environments. In this way, inclusion impacts the overall condition of children with disabilities in a favorable way. Secondly, inclusive settings allow students with special needs and their families to become part of the community. Being involved in a regular classroom can help students with special needs to fit in the society in the future more easily. Inclusion facilitates the development of vital socialization skills, independence, and autonomy in those students. It is especially important during early childhood development because, throughout the period of attending the primary school, students undergo a substantial stage of cognitive, emotional, and psychological development and gain awareness of their social, personal, and academic roles – it is the time when children form competencies needed for future success (Pasta et al., 2013). Comparing to inclusive environments, non-inclusive classrooms do not provide sufficient opportunities for students to experience life to its full extent. Moreover, it is observed that families having their children in inclusive schools feel more integrated and accepted in their community as they begin to interact more often with other parents whose children attend classes (Jeter, n.d.). Since an inclusive learning environment implies the presence of a drastic difference in students’ abilities and needs, it allows teachers to obtain greater professional experience and achieve a higher level of expertise. Through interaction with diverse students, educato
Introduction In the world, there exist different forms of energy that are categorized into two groups that include the fossil fuels and non-fossil fuels. Technological advancement has played a key role in determining the form of energy a particular country depends on. Developed countries such as the U.S., Japan, Singapore, Malaysia and China among others prefer forms of energies that are less harmful to the environment. For instance, United Nation prefers fossil fuels to non-fossil fuels because they are cheaper, readily available and reliable sources of energy. On other hand, developing countries such as those of Africa use non-fossil fuels as their major source of energy. Several scholars have defined energy as the capacity of any system to perform a duty or work which actually it is true. The purpose of this study is explain how people can convert energy from one form to another by giving specific examples, to define fossil fuels and finally to discuss two different alternatives to fossils fuels (Ollhoff, 2010). Discussion How energy can be converted from one form to another Energy as mentioned in the study is a vital component in people lives because all the human activities involve the use of energy. The change of energy from one form to another is what known as energy conversion and it involves the change of energy from potential to kinetic energy forms. A good example is in fuels whereby chemical energy is changed into heat energy. Another example is the food that people eat in order to sustain their lives. Such foods contain chemical energy that when people eat food, the energy is converted into mechanical energy that brings about muscles movement. This process is known as respiration process and it only happens when people eat food. In addition to ease digestion, the food need to be broken down into tiny particles a process that result to generation of heat energy (thermal) that keeps our body warm. Another good example is light bulb that involves the conversion of electric energy to light energy and heat energy as a resultant of heating the filament wire. The light emitted during the process led to generation of heat energy in the surrounding. Finally, we witness conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy when a system is lifted to a higher level and while at this elevated level, this energy is momentarily transformed into a unique transitory form of energy called mechanical energy. Conversely, when this weight is allowed to fall freely, this energy is again converted into kinetic energy. Definition of fossil fuels and why they are an attractive source of energy Fossil fuels refer to hydrocarbons that are gotten from remains of plants, ancient things and animals. Examples of fossil fuels include the natural gas, oil and coal that are considered as non-renewable sources of power (energy). Many nations in the world depend on fossil fuels as their source of power. Fossil fuels are considered as an attracti
Introduction To accomplish the intended goal, the Kenyan Government with consultation of the Chinese contractor has structured an organizational structure to manage the project. Roles, powers and responsibilities are shared among the various stakeholders or participants to ensure that the end structure of the project benefits the project. To attain project goals and objectives, the project management team needs to be constituted in the right for the benefit of the entire project. This segment defines the organizational structure adopted by the project. Thika Road Project Organizational Structure, Roles, And Responsibilities Of Participants Within A Project When constructing Thika Road, the management from donors, Kenyan Government, the contractors and the team on the ground need to effectively coordinate. When coordination lacks, the project is likely to be completed beyond the timeframe set and the cost of the project is likely to increase. Stakeholders should play their role effectively as failure to adhere to the promises or contracts they had enacted will lead to failure of the entire project. Different segments within a project have their role to play; management should ensure that all the roles have been harmonized for the good of the project (Newbold, 2007). Organizational structure Organizational structure refers to the manner in which command in a project is executed; in the case of Thika Project, it refers to the general management and lines of command that the project will have. For the success of the project the main stakeholders include the government who involves experts to work along with the contractor for the good of the project. The command of power allocates different stages different strengths and control over the entire project, it gives them their mandates, defined their roles and r
Introduction The study will focus on a plan for recruiting, hiring, interviewing and retaining the nursing staff for the acute care units in Houston, Texas, USA. Acute health care units are health care facilities that offer a wide range of medical services and these include surgical procedures, obstetrics, pediatric, ambulatory and weak and elderly care units. The study will focus on all these services and perform a comparative study of the different levels of work performed by nurses in this facility. The organization focuses on the various guidelines for the retention of new graduate nurses. The plan will involve assessment of the new nurses’ performance, holding of mentorship and coaching programs. As the chief nursing officer, I will develop an orientation guide for the newly hired nurses alongside a job description scheme. Strategy for the recruitment of the nurses The strategy for the recruitment of new nurses will be based on a number of factors and considerations. The new graduates who had been previously attached in the acute health care unit in Houston and other related units within the US will be considered. In this case, the graduates will have to apply for the jobs following an advertisement in the media. The candidates will submit their resumes alongside other credentials in the medical field to prove their qualifications. Those who will impress the recruitment panel headed by myself will be shortlisted and invited for the interviews. In the interview, the proceedings will be based on what is reflected in the candidates’ credentials. The panel will try to relate the written information with visible qualities of the candidates. Practical interviews will involve the applicants conducting basic procedures like patients’ preparation for medical procedures, calling for the patients’ attention and bed making. Questions on various drugs and related actions will be asked
Knowledge is power. That is one of the most popular slogans in the modern world. There is a general understanding of what that means but the question remains how does a human being acquire knowledge. The deeper question when it comes to epistemology is not merely knowing the veracity of the first statement given above but on a more basic level how does a person acquire knowledge that makes him a thinking, rational being capable of understanding. John Locke is a philosopher whose genius was demonstrated in many areas of study. But his brilliant mind was put into good use in epistemology – the study of knowledge. He advanced the theory that all material things have primary qualities (e.g. shape and chemical properties) but their secondary qualities (e.g. color and sound) exist in the mind of the perceiver. This has led many to believe that “Lockean matter” has shapes but no color. This is not an accurate interpretation of Locke’s idea about material things. A much better interpretation states that primary qualities are irrefutable facts about an object but its color and sound is based on sense-impressions that reside in the perceivers mind. It is erroneous to think that everything is subjective; Locke did not mean to say that. He believes that there is something in an object that will produce the said sense-impression such as color, sound, taste etc. This study will try to investigate why Locke proposed the abovementioned thesis. A basic overview of epistemology will suffice for this part of the paper. On the latter part, the proponent will attempt to refute the ideas proposed by Locke, specifically that material objects do not contain secondary qualities and that these secondary qualities are only byproducts of their primary qualities. Epistemology Epistemology is the study of knowledge. How man acquires, perceives and retains knowledge is part of this branch of philosophy. It is very clear that John Locke’s theory about material things – understanding and perceiving them – is an attempt to contribute to the advancement of epistemology. Before the modern world came to be, men like Locke set out to understand the mysteries of the universe. Ancient Greek philosophers preceding the Age of Reason laid the groundwork for future analysis into the microscopic and atomic levels of understanding matter. Placing oneself in the context or environment in which Locke breathe and live will make it easier for that person to appreciate what Locke was going through and why he was able to postulate such theories. During the time of Locke, the Western world was undergoing a revolution of ideas. The intellectuals of his time steeled themselves to go against established ideas about the universe, human existence, and the material world they live in. Everyone was hyper critical of dogmas and will not accept information handed down from previous generations of policy makers and religious institutions. Everything must be tested, every body of knowledge must be overhauled to ascertain veracity and to p
The article “Human Freedom and the Self” by Roderick Chisholm offers a meaningful idea to many Christian believers. The author believes that “determinism is something incompatible with a person’s free will” (Pojman and Vaughn 71). Although human beings have “free will”, they should be responsible for their ideas and actions. According to the essay, human actions should not depend on certain events or ideas. That being the case, human actions and events will always arise from previous experiences. This fact explains why such actions cannot occur naturally or by chance. This fact explains why certain issues will encourage individuals to act in a particular manner. That being the case, the idea of agent-causation is undeniable because human actions do not result from “free will”. A sense of determinism does not dictate various human actions and events. Human beings do not always use their desires and beliefs to dictate their actions. The author argues that “an action can result from free will if only an individual acts depending on choices that do not arise from other happenings” (Pojman and Vaughn 78). Human beings will act in a specific manner without necessarily engaging in other actions. Human actions will therefore result from different aspects or events. This fact explains why human beings cannot act mainly from “free will”. This description explains “how different agents will result in specific actions” (Pojman and Vaughn 82). This knowledge explains why human actions are not consistent with the concept of determinism. I have therefore learned a major idea from Roderick Chisholm’s article. According to the author, human actions do not depend on determinism or “free will”. How this Idea has Challenged Me to Think Differently about My Worldview and Values I have gained new ideas that can make me a useful person in the society. The concept of determinism explains how different individuals act in a specific manner. Many Christians have a clear understanding of their beliefs and values. They have also used such beliefs and ideas in order to dictate their actions. The same development occurs when individuals justify their reasons for committing certain offenses. However, the article explores the relationship between human actions and determinism. This notion encourages more people to take charge of their thoughts and actions. This approach will support the needs and expectations of many people in the universe (Pojman and Vaughn 83). I will use the ideas presented in this article to make appropriate decisions. I will use this idea in order to promote the best actions. This
Research problem/purpose The researchers have identified obesity as a major problem in developed countries. As a result, it has become a significant issue in medical circles as well as a social and economic problem. The investigator has placed the problem in the context of existing knowledge, since the report quotes studies on the same problem carried out as far as 1998 (Liou et al. 2010). Further, the researcher provides statistics from other countries such as Australia, Canada, and the UK. As stated by the investigator, understanding the factors that are responsible for obesity among the children is critical in formulating intervention measures to overcome obesity. Therefore, the recommendations of this report are crucial in solving a problem that is relevant to nursing. The purpose of this research is to determine if there is a relationship between risk factors and obesity among adolescents (Liou et al. 2010). Review of the Literature The literature review has looked at the literature pertaining to the relationship between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and obesity among adolescents. Studies on this area indicated that physical activity declined as adolescents moved from childhood to adulthood. In addition, watching of video games and watching television are also elements that were considered in the literature review. Most of the literature considered in this section came from current sources. However, only a few are old as far as 1999, and 2004. For historical background, this can be helpful as it shows a trend that has been observed for a very long period (Liou et al. 2010). Theoretical Framework The researchers have defined the theoretical concepts that are central to the problem under investigation. Thus, Liou et al. (2010) mention parental obesity, physical activity, eating habits, duration of sleep, and sedentary behavior as the main aspects to focus on. In collecting and analysis of the data, the research does not solely rely on nursing theory as it goes further and borrow heavily from other models from social sciences. For instance, “statistical tools such as the chi-square test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test were used to examine the differences between categorical and continuous variables” (Liou et al. 2010). Although the theoretical concepts have been defined, the authors do not mention the conceptual framework. However, the Grounded Theory could be used transcribing and analyzing interviews used in this study. Mann-Whitney U-test Variables/Hypotheses/Questions/Assumptions The independent variable in this study is the Adolescent, which is group on which the study is based whereas; the dependent variables include health, obesity, leisure time spent, nursing operations or practice, sleep and sedentary behavior among the adolescents. In the study, the operational definitions of the variables are clearly defined for quick understanding by the users of the report. Some of the variables given in the study by the researchers are tangible while others are measurable with a few
Ander Carson has been in the U.S. congress for a few years, but after beginning as a Democratic Committee Person in the year 2000, he has been featured in several committee assignments (William par 1). Some of these assignments are generally the government funded ventures which made it possible for Indiana to continue receiving funds from President Barack Obama’s administration. Recently, he challenged the congress by proposing for a new Grant Program that would enable the low-income families to “…access the locally grown food and vegetables” (House Government par.1). He has considered it to be a benefit for Americans in terms of health and access to food throughout the year. While in Miami, 2011, Ander accused the members of the Tea Party that they wanted to hang him on a tree and bring Jim Crow back instead. This happened when the Congressional Black Caucus’ members was visiting 5 cities in the month of August (Calvin par.8). In February 2011, despite a majority supporting the Bill, Ander Carson voted against the Rooney Amendment 13 to H.R 1 Bill that advocated for the environmental protection of Florida environment from the high levels of phosphorus and neurotoxin chemicals which contaminated its waters (Calvin par.9). In April 2012, Ander successfully passed a bill to protect the small businesses due to the income tax deduction (Danson par. 4). This bill proposed a 20% deduction of tax for all employees considered to employ less than 500 employees in the business. In fact, many small businesses would benefit from the assignment committees of the government funds. Ander’s views Madrassa as the ideal education system for America, especially if it follows the Islamic model. He is a Muslim and has seen how such a system works, and considers it to have a multiple of benefits if well-employed (Schultz par.5). Most of the schools using the Madrassa Education System within the U.S are funded by Muslims. Commentary In fact, it h