ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Schizophrenia: Past Theories The concept of schizophrenia as the means of embracing a specific set of disorders causing hallucinations and delusions in patients is not new. A range of theories regarding the nature of the disorder, as well as its effects on the patient and the means of addressing it, have been suggested over time. Despite the fact that schizophrenia is currently referred to as the disorder that people are supposedly predisposed to genetically, there is a viral theory thereof, which can be considered quite viable. According to a recent study, there is a possibility that schizophrenia can be caused partially by the influenza virus or PolyI:C (Fatemi et al. 1). One might argue that the research in question did not prove that there was a direct correlation between the contraction of the virus and the development of schizophrenia in patients: “Prenatal viral infection at E7 led to gene expression and morphological changes in the placenta at E16” (Fatemi et al. 9). However, the fact that there might be a connection between the identified variables needs to be borne in mind. Research Question How can schizophrenia be diagnosed in a patient, and what methods of treatment can be considered the most efficient ones? Strengths A detailed analysis of the factors that affect the patient’s condition, including the internal and the external ones, must be mentioned as one of the essential strengths of the studies that have been conducted on the subject matter so far. The use of the evidence-based approach as the means of locating the essential information about schizophrenia and its nature can be considered the obvious strength of the existing studies. Finally, the fact that the identified area currently receives significant investments on a regular basis should be viewed as an essential strength. Since the disease has recently become prevalent among the rest of the psychological disorders (Khan et al. E2), there is a consistent need to continue studying the subject matter extensively. Furthermore, the fact that the medications currently used to prevent the patient from having hallucinations, as well as any other symptom of schizophrenia shows that further studies are necessary to improve the quality of the treatment. Therefore, the fact that the target area receives an impressive amount of funding can be listed among the primary strengths. Limitations It should be noted that the existing studies on schizophrenia have an array of limitations, which are predetermined primarily by the choice of their methods. Furthermore, because of the lack of understanding of what the nature of schizophrenia is, a range of studies are restricted to reiterating the facts that are already known and making the assumptions that can be deemed as rather far-fetched. Indeed, as Kane et al. explain, “We still do not understand the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia although this remains true of many major illnesses in ge
Introduction Studying history is rather important for every student and for every person in general. They say that those who know their past are ready for any hardships in the future. Thus, if history is our past, we all need to be well aware of its happenings in order to build our future lives. Special attention in the study of history should be paid to the study of the initial stages of the existence of mankind. Thus, the present paper will be focused on the development of the oldest nations of western society, the Near East and the Mediterranean. This paper is going to consider all the major aspects of their development in order to find out the reasons for the success of some of them and the failure of others in their attempt to exist eternally. To start with, it is necessary to enumerate all the major factors that have ever influenced the development of the earliest nations that constituted Western Civilization. Among them, there are such factors as the geographical position and climate of the territories where the first nations formed, socio-political factors, relations with other nations and states, etc. As far as the geographical factor has always been considered by scholars as one of the dominant in nation formation, it would be logical to start the essay with it. Main body Thus, the first nation in the Western civilization ever to appear in the international arena was Ancient Greece. This civilization was formed in the conditions of the land that had access to the sea and was surrounded by mountains that defended it from the outside rivals. The rather convenient position of the land where Ancient Greece was established gave its inhabitants the opportunity to develop their navigation skills and become skillful seamen in the future. Moreover, the geographical position also provided for the regular development of agriculture, trade, and culture. The first forms of democracy in the Western civilization were also established in Ancient Greece and this can also be explained by its geographical position as far as Greeks could freely travel abroad, for example to Sumer or Ancient Egypt, and either take up or reject what they liked or not in the political systems of those nations. The Roman civilization, as another greatest one in the Western world, was also formed under the influence of certain geographical and climatic conditions. Close location to the Mediterranean Sea, fertile land, and rather acceptable climatic conditions made it possible for the Romans to develop their nation in the atmosphere of peace and contact with other neighboring nations. However, their being naturally strong people and gr
Purpose And/or Objective of the Project As emergency departments (ED) experience increased patient volumes, facility managers are challenged by overcrowding, which decreases customer satisfaction. It is imperative to reverse the problem by using effective methods that focus on quality improvement. The purpose of the project is to improve patient flow in emergency departments through the use of the Fast Track (FT) system. Background and Significance Long waiting and turnaround times represent crucial problems at emergency departments. The limited capacity of facilities is caused by a large number of patients trying to seek care for reasons of low or moderate urgency (Mandavia & Samaniego, 2016). Therefore, it is essential to use a tool that would address this challenge and ensure that high-urgency patients are treated first to ensure positive health outcomes. FT system at EDs is expected to manage the inflow of patients to develop a framework for a fast response for high-risk patients. Description of Methods or Procedure The FT system represents a method of creating a second patient flow in parallel to their regular flow to evaluate moderate- and low-risk patients (Theunissen et al., 2013). A program will be implemented at an emergency department over three months, with results being compared to the control ED settings in which the FT was not applied. Evidence of Results/ Outcomes-How It Was Measured Main outcome measures will include patient satisfaction rates, line wait times, and the number of individuals cleared by nurses. The comparison of numbers of patients treated before the program and after will serve as a vital indicator of success. Patient satisfaction surveys are administered to collect qualitative data regarding the program’s usefulness. Conclusions The introduction of FT to reduce wait times and manage patient flow in emergency departments represents an opportunity for quality improvement (Wang, Li., & Howard, 2013). A decrease in both outcome measures is expected after the three-month implementation of the program that encouraged resource allocation and sufficient risk assessment.
What is female genital mutilation (FGM), why does it occur, what is it prevalence and how does it affect the women and girls in the society? How do we curb it and protect the women from it? Female Genital Mutilation is the female circumcision or female genital cutting. It comprises all surgical procedures involving partial or total removal of the external genitalia or other injuries to the female genital organs for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. The health consequences of the practice vary according to the procedure used. Never the less it is universally unacceptable because it is an infringement on the physical and psychosexual integrity of women and girls and is a form of violence against them. They are different traditional practices that involve the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia and/or injury to the female genital organs. FGC is seen as an understatement by many due to male circumcision. Without making judgments on the consequences of male circumcision, female circumcision represents a serious violation of a girl’s health and human rights; the most minimal form can affect her wellbeing in a negative way. The use of the word “mutilation” reinforces the idea that this practice is a violation of girls’ and women’s human rights, and thereby helps promote national and international advocacy towards its abandonment. At the community level, however, the term can be problematic. Local languages generally use the less judgmental “cutting” to describe the practice (Amnesty, 1998). There many classifications of Female Genital Mutilation. Excision of the prepuce, with or without excision of part or the entire clitoris, this is known as Type I or Type A. Excision of the clitoris with partial or total excision of the labia minora is classified as Type II or B. Excision of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching/narrowing of the vaginal opening or in other words infibulations, this is the Type III or C. The unclassified form includes piercing or incising of the clitoris and/or labia, cauterization, scraping, or cutting of vaginal tissue etc. These operations are all irreversible. Acute complications include death, hemorrhage, shock, infection and severe pain. In addition, women can suffer severe long-term damage to their reproductive and sexual health, risk HIV infection, and are often left with psychological scars (Amnesty, 1998). Female genital mutilation is an age old practice that its roots are not found. The origins of this practice are unknown. It existed before the beginning of Christianity and Islam. It is not required by the Quran or the Bible. It crosses religious lines. It also crosses ethnic and cultural lines and is performed in many countries around the world, but is most prevalent in Africa. FGM is prevalent in 28 African countries, in a few Arab and Asian countries, and among certain African immigrants
A comprehensive understanding of the healthcare reimbursement systems and methodologies is critical for the effective work of the health information management (HIM) professionals who play an important role in providing health care services in the United States. The data retrieved from the two audits which were performed at Anywhere University Hospital (AUH) can be used by a coding team for evaluating the effectiveness of the current processes in this clinical setting and offering measures for improving them by developing an ongoing review and monitoring schedule for the following year. The coding manager should recognize the complex interrelationships between the compliance of the coded data with the standard rules, the reimbursement system and the level of the provided health care services in general (Casto and Layman 29). For this reason, the two audits were performed by the coding team, including the Coding Quality Review by MS-DRG and MS-DRG Relationship Analysis for not only detecting the weak and strong points of the coding system, but also viewing them in the organizational context as an important element affecting the rest of the sectors in the health information management domain. Analyzing the results from the outside review, the coding team can develop a specific schedule for the following year and fill the existing gaps in the hospital operations for enhancing their effectiveness and improving the outcome. The internal and external reviews need to be included into the monitoring schedule for uniting the efforts of the hospital staff and the outside expert audit firms. Moreover, proper attention should be paid to training and physician workshops inside of the hospital setting. Taking into account the fact that $ 45, 000 can be spent on external reviews, it can be concluded that approximately 333 inpatient records can be fully reviewed by the external team. The schedule for the following year will start with appoint g the compliance committee and conducting a compliance seminar in January. In February, the compliance team will meet with the hospital personnel for discussing the technical issues and some organizational moments (Coding Cla
Introduction Definition It is an even a flat unleavened and thin pancake . It is cooked of either dough or batter on which a wrapper for another food can be used. Ingredients   * Milk;   * Sugar;   * Flour;   * Oil water;   * Eggs;   * Sugar;   * Flour;   * Salt. Background   * French crepes have a long history of celebration. February 2nd was the day when every home in France would make twelve crepes to eat together.   * The Britanny region in the North West of France was where the making of the crepes was done with much pride.   * Here they were made bigger and very thin and taken with a little causer sugar spread on top. Religion France has four major religions. They are:   * Christianity.   * Islam.   * Jewish.   * Judaism. Every of these religions on France have their own specific food preferences. For instance:   * Muslims do not eat pork.   * Jains do not take onions.   * Christians do not eat meat from wild animals. Despite their differences in the choice of food taken by these religions, they all have is a common underlying denominator. They all included crepes foods in their celebrations. The Catholic Christians had an annual celebration on the 2nd of February every month. It was routine to eat either crepes or pancake during this celebration. The Shrove Tuesday or the Mardi gra was a traditional religious festivity in which crepes were served for supper. Diffusion   * Crepes are believed to have been brought to France in the sixteenth century by Catherine the Great of Russia and introduced to the French court.   * It also spread to other parts of Europe where is refereed to different names. For instance it is called filloas in Spanish and is made of pork blood in place of milk. Cultural Landscape   * There exists different types and categories of crepes amongst the French culture.   * The most available types include the sweet crepes and the savory galettes.   * Cherries cooked in Kijafa wine source is one of the most famous French crepes.   * When made with eggs and milk, this kind of crepes make up for vegetarians.   * Various types of crepes are found in specific locations in France, portraying the cultural landscapes of such places.   * The Belgian crepe is made with slightly grated orange and is more synonymous with the Belgium living in France.   * The Beef Wellington crepe, which is coated with meat is more likely to be found within the Muslim neighborhoods.   * Mille crepe is made in layers and found across the country signifying different cultures.   * Crepes played an important role in cultural determination in France.   * Apart from the February 2nd candlemass celebration, there was a belief that crepes are related to wealth.   * An ability to catch the crepe with a frying pan, after tossing it on air with the right hand and while holding gold on the left hand was a sign of one becoming rich. Distance decay   * The making of crepes involve several procedures and signifies the location and distance of a given region.   * Traditionally, crepe. Known as Crepes Suzette was made with caramelized sugar and served while hot with orange juice, Grand Marnier and orange peel.   * Over time this has howe
During the World War II, when everywhere one can feel despair but, at the same time, hope, one mother gets three triangular letters. Her sons are dead. Captain John Miller gets a complicated mission. Within a group of eight soldiers he has to go behind the enemy’s line to find Private James Ryan, the fourth and youngest son of Ryan’s family. The command decides to demobilize Ryan. But, firstly, the captain must go through the hell to find the guy. This is the short description of one of the greatest movies about the World War II. Steven Spielberg, well-known director of the large-scale action scenes, had an intention to create a movie which can inspire to the whole world to remember those days, according to the slogan of the movie. This movie teaches the patriotism and heroism, shows us that we can be proud of our history. Saving Private Ryan is an obvious example of demonstration of the best human qualities for the young generation which make us believe in the power of good intentions even within complicated situations. The actual event of this movie is the Normandy landing, codenamed the Operation Neptune. 6 June 1944 at 6:30 AM American, British and Canadian troops landed in Normandy occupied by the Germans. The biggest amphibious operation, called D-Day, has finally opened the Second Front in a Europe. Almost three million soldiers were landed on the Normandy coast. The movie shows us that James Ryan was one of those soldiers. This day was one of the key moments of the War. Since the main forces of the Nazi’s army were on the Eastern Front, the Chief of the German troops on the West Field Marshal von Rundstedt had in disposal only 58 divisions stationed in France, Belgium and Holland. Some of them were fixed, so they didn’t have their own transport. There were only 12 divisions with 160 available combat-ready aircrafts nearby the Landing. The number of the soldiers in the allied army was more than three times as numerous as the German troops. They had twice as many guns, three times as many tanks, and 60 times as many planes as the Germans (Williams, p. 216). Although the German High Command expected the Allied invasion, they couldn’t be sure about the place and time. On the night of June 6 18 British ships in common with the bomber groups have taken the demonstrative steps nearby Le Havre. The American troops captured the Cotentin peninsula and the port of Cherbourg. The Allied troops were able to achieve the complete unexpectedness. Having a huge advantage in the manpower and technology, they absolutely dominated at the sea and in the air. They took a giant springboard in Normandy. All attempts of the German High Command failed. Saving Private Ryan is completely related to those events. Spielberg gives the picture of battles in Normandy. We have an opportunity to observe the wide-front attack of the Allied forces. Against the background of the war we can watch the efforts of the Capitan’s Miller group to find Private Ryan. The paratrooper forces of the 101 st Airborne Division landed behind the e
“12 Years a Slave” is a movie that tells a powerful real-life-based story of a free person forced into slavery. However, just as any piece of art, the movie is dependent not only on the storyline it renders but also on its creators’ backgrounds and the political conditions in which it was produced. The events illustrated in the movie leave little place for comfort – which is predictable: one only has to look at the title to realize what they are going to see will be quite unsettling. The movie is an accurate reproduction of the original narrative, which is an autobiography. Upon its publication, the story did not seem to cause much agitation and was largely forgotten. The movie, in its turn, reminds the viewer of the necessity to research and rediscover the history – which is a component of its overall message. Another dimension is the personalities of people who work on this movie. The director is known to have slaves in his ancestry, while some of the acting crew are slave drivers’ descendants. The movie, therefore, can be regarded as simultaneously a tribute and an apology for the wrongdoings of the past. Finally, director Steve McQueen has explicitly stated that slavery is not at all over. Today, a shamefully large part of the world’s population are de facto slaves, which is why the movie has a third purpose: increasing global awareness and calling to action. “12 Years a Slave,” therefore, can hardly be called an escapist movie. The message it conveys is that history – even its most shameful instances – should be researched, revisited, and remembered but never repeated.
The differences between the passages and their reflection on the theologies The differences between the Matthew and Mark’s accounts of Jesus’ walking on water can be found at all the levels of the two passages. Firstly, on the structural level, the passage from the Gospels of Matthew is far more detailed, whereas the passage written by Mark is not so rich in terms of rhetorical details, and is more simplistic. Speaking of language style used by the authors, Matthew´s account of Jesus is more formal and solemn, he writes: “after he [Jesus] dismissed the crowds, he went up to the mountain by himself to pray” (Matthew 14:22-23 NRSV) (Throckmorton, 1992, p. 91). Meanwhile, Mark tends to use more informal language patterns: “After saying farewell to them, he went up on the mountain to pray” (Mark 6:45-52 NRSV) (Throckmorton, 1992, p. 91). However, the divergences are found not only in the manner in which Matthew and Mark present their accounts. More importance seems to be contained in the details concerning encounter between Jesus and his disciples when he walked towards them on water. Firstly, in different theologies, there is a slight difference in the disciples’ reactions. The authors agree on the fact that the disciples “for they all saw him and were terrified” (Mark 6:45-52 NRSV) (Throckmorton, 1992, p. 91). After that, in Mark’s account, as soon as Jesus spoke to them, they believed it that was him and were relieved. Unlike that, in the Gospels of Matthew, the disciples, took Jesus for a ghost and were more suspicious about the wonder they saw. Furthermore, Matthew’s account contains the description of how the disciples wanted to make sure that they saw Jesus himself, so Jesus asked Peter to walk towards him on water, and the apostle was able to do it for as long as he had faith in his master (Matthew 14:22-23 NRSV) (Throckmorton, 1992). Three significant differences between the two Gospels that relate to the wider themes and purposes of each theology There are a few most representative examples of how textual differences contribute to developing different ideas in both theologies. Firstly, Matthew uses more solemn and glum style of narration; secondly, Matthew adds the scene of Peter walking on water and Jesus saving him; thirdly, Mark concentrates on the light side of describing Jesus’ deeds as wonders. The different purposes, pursuit by the authors, lead to the variations between the two passages on the stylistic level. For instance, in the passage from the Gospels of Matthew, the author expands on much more lucid facets of the story, including the scene of Jesus asking Peter to walk towards him on the water (Matthew 14:22-23 NRSV) (Throckmorton, 1992). These details for Matthew are means to relate to the image from the Old Testament and to emphasize the role of Jesus as a messiah, focusing on the theme of the importance of faith; whereas Mark does not focus attention