ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is essential to state that the problem of gender inequality, although considerable progress was made in this field in the past century, continues to have a negative impact on various spheres of contemporary life. One of the most important areas of concern is the wage gap between men’s and women’s pay in Canada. This paper aims to provide comprehensive information about three principal factors that influence the current state of things. Main body The first factor, which contributes to the persistence of the wage gap between men’s and women’s pay in Canada, is the fact that women tend to work part-time jobs more often compared to men. The research by Fortin, Bell, and Böhm (2017) focuses on the investigation of earnings inequality in the context of gender differences. Throughout the paper, the authors mention several times that “the lower number of hours worked a year by women arises in part from the fact that more women than men work part-time rather than full-time” (Fortin, Bell, & Böhm, 2017, p. 112). It is possible to state that the underlying problem, which influences this aspect, is that a woman is still perceived as responsible for household work and childcare, and thus the majority of women have to lose their jobs when they have a baby. The second important factor is the type of working occupations that men and women have. As it is mentioned on the Canadian Women’s Foundation website, the majority of women work in such settings as schools, nurseries, kindergartens, and nursing homes, where the wage is considerably lower compared to traditional men’s occupations such as a truck driver or building company’s employee (“The facts about the gender wage gap in Canada,” 2018). The statistics reveal that males contribute as 97% of all truck drivers in Canada, earning a median salary of $45,417 per year, while 97% of early childhood educators in Canada are female, and they earn $25,335 per year on average (“The facts about the gender wage gap in Canada,” 2018). Thus, it is possible to conclude that women do not normally have access to higher-paid jobs, which significantly contributes to the overall earnings inequality. The third factor is logically connected with the previous one. Why do women have to work lower-paid occupations if they could successfully participate in such jobs as construction company managers? Grant (2017) argues that the primary reason is that discrimination is still prevalent. The author states that even in situations when men and women do exactly the same job, women are perceived as less valuable and qualified (Grant, 2017). Thus, the issue of gender inequality appears to be deeply rooted in sexism, which might not be expressed openly, but gender prejudice appears to be a persistent factor that influences the current state of the labor market in Canada. Grant (2017) suggests that discrimination and unconscious bias have a significant impact on the Canadian economy, contributing to one of the
Critical Political Ecology The article in question is entitled: Mining, Water Appropriation, and Latent Conflicts . There was no clear indicator of authorship. It is not prudent to assume that the creator was named after the initials that read: mjbeltran. Aside from the aforementioned initials there is a lack of information with regards to the source. It seems like the article was taken from a blog. However, the author clarified his intended message. He wanted his readers to realize that mining firms have the power and the resources to overcome and defeat any form of social responsibility not in favor of the company’s mining activities. In this article, the author claimed that a mining firm named Cobre Las Cruces “CLC” was able to exploit water resources using a top-down approach, and the application of a technocratic presentation of mining-related facts. Key Ideas and Major Claims The article’s creator was able to make at least five major claims. First, it was pointed out that the open-pit mining of copper within the easternmost area of the Iberian Pyrite belt in Andalusia, exemplified the environmentally destructive process of digging up mineral resources buried below the earth’s surface. Second, the author highlighted the fact that due to mining’s environmental impact, it is normal to encounter social conflict in the form of protests initiated by community members and those who are concerned about sustainability and environmental protection. Third, the author clarified the fact that CLC committed gross violations of governing rules as manifested by the company’s extreme use of water resources, as well as violation s that lead to water pollution. Fourth, the author asserted that CLC leveraged the work of technocrats to bend environment-related laws, e
The Outer Space consists of empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. The heavenly bodies are objects arising naturally, and they include planets such as Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, as well as the stars. In addition, other constituents of outer space are gases like hydrogen and helium. There are also electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust, cosmic rays, and unidentified celestial bodies. As the name implies, the outer space exists in a void area where there is no atmosphere of the Earth. Nevertheless, it still acts as an environment because it has particular characteristics that may affect a creature or matter that is placed within it. For example, there are radiations and objects passing through the outer space. As a result, any unprotected matter or creature will be destroyed by the radiation after a short while if it happens to be in outer space. The void characteristics of the area come from the fact that it is a vacuum. There may be trace amounts of gas and molecules; however, such existence of gas and particles does not have a significant influence on the overall character of the space. Another major aspect of the outer space environment is its temperature. Given that there is no significant body mass existing in the environment, heat is quickly dissipated as it arrives from the sun. The different celestial bodies create obstacles to the sun rays that would hit different parts of the outer space. The temperature in the outer space is -454.8 degrees Fahrenheit (-270 degrees Celsius). The outer space is located approximately 62 miles from the sea level when the Earth is taken as the reference point. The temperature varies with the time of the earth day on the outer space area immediately around the Earth. The temperatures on the night side drop to almost negative one-hundred degrees Celsius when the Earth is blocking the sun rays. Temperatures can rise to millions of degrees Celsius in some parts of the outer space where there are hot gases between stars. When there are no celestial bodies in the outer space, the idea temperature remains as -270°C. The main reason for the low temperature is that any gas existing in the environment has expanded and become too thin to hold any heat. Therefore, it cannot warm up anything. In a typical earth environment, gas molecules are always bumping into each other, and they cause heat when they collide. However, in the outer space, the collision is negligible as particles are widely spaced. It is only in the regions of the outer space near celestial bodies on other objects that the temperatures are higher. This happens because the gravitational pull of the objects causes gas to be denser and more capable of holding heat from the sun and the consistent inter
This assignment is a case study of Qantas airline, which is based in Australia. The assignment discusses the case as well as how the case is updated by the article titled ‘Qantas survival strategy a reality check for unions’. Qantas airline was exclusively owned by the Australian government but the changes in the aviation industry which started in early 1980s, saw the government sell some of its shares (45%) to other shareholders including British airways in 1993 (Creedy 19). Up to and until 2007, the firm used to make huge returns despite the deregulation of the aviation industry initiated by the United States. In the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, the firm’s returns started dwindling. This made the CEO, Mr Alan Joyce come up with a strategy to ensure that the firm remained competitive in the highly liberalized aviation industry. In this regard, the firm increased capital on its low-cost subsidiary Jetstar airline to compete with other airlines like Malaysian airlines, British airways, Thai airlines and Emirates. The article is about how workers’ unions work and more specifically, the Qantas workers’ unions. It updates the case by using it as a case study to illustrate the capitalistic nature of many unions. The argument of the authors of the article is that unions are capitalistic in nature contrary to the common rhetoric that they are socialistic in nature. It also updates the case by the argument that the global financial crisis forced Qantas to strategize on how to sack the highly paid Australian workers and replace them with others from China who could accept low wages and poor working conditions. This was however resisted by the union. The resistance by the workers’ union was not driven by logic or rationality, but rather, by self-interests. This is because when the firm had the monopoly to control prices, the unions were contented because they were benefiting from the returns of the high prices of products which were passed on to the consumers. Their bargaining power was however compromised by the highly liberalized global aviation industry which made it possible for any firm to outsource labour and capital so as to remain in business. Work Cited Creedy. ‘Qantas and BA struggle to take off”. The Australian, 4 December 2008: 19.
Introduction As new technologies, mobile devices, and computer programs are diffusing rapidly among the Internet users all over the world, various old methods of security become ineffective. As many people need their files to be protected well, IBM and other transnational corporations are obliged to reconsider the entire philosophy of cloud and mobile security. The following paper is intended to discuss the issue of computer security reinventions due to multiple technological innovations that are prevalent on modern markets. Hannigan’s Message Summary Brendan Hannigan is an investor and entrepreneur who specializes in cloud and mobile security. This man is a representative of the IBM Company, which is known for its effective and reliable security software. During his performance at the Interconnection presentation, Hannigan (2015) raised the topic that discussed various changes in the world of new technologies. Also, he said that the crime level has decreased due to particular innovative methods of information exchange. However, as such data storage services as cloud programs are popular among computer users in today’s world, contemporary security systems turn out to be weaker than it is required (Anandarajan, 2016). Therefore, IBM specialists and program developers must find the ways of possible cracks in these services to eliminate the possibility of multiple side interventions into accounts of individuals with important information kept there. The industry of virtual information resources is proliferating. It would be proper to state that approximately ninety percent of all the data that can be found on the Internet or secured personal sources was created within the last two years. Hannigan (2015) claims that such temps of development have an adverse impact on the effectiveness and productivity of old securing software as different data sources remain at a tremendous risk of being hacked. Also, people require new information protection solutions due to the popularization of the Internet of Things in different aspects of their lives. Hannigan (2015) says that the development and invention process of modern security software requires more investment and time economy. It is essential to process as much data as possible in the shorter period due to its enormous volumes. Although there is a wide range of techniques that help transnational companies prevent side interventions into their data storages, online criminals invent new methods of dealing with appropriate security software (Merkow & Raghavan, 2010). Also, it is necessary for computer engineers to save their time when analyzing particular information flows. To resolve this problem, Hannigan (2015) says that IBM specialists are working on different products that might be able to scan all the secured data almost without human intervention in this process. Instead of using old security systems (antivirus progra
Introduction The death of Osama Bin Laden on mid-2011 by the US forces in Pakistan was received with minimal global opposition. The killing of the Al-Qaeda leader was a major step towards the fight against terrorism. The following is a literature review on how the assassination of Osama Bin Laden was an example of how intelligence can make a real contribution to the international justice and the ‘rule of law’. This paper presents the rule of law as the permissible code of rulings that administrate a country and not the subjective pronouncements by key government representatives. On the other hand, international law will be presented as the set of policies that are universally acknowledged as obligatory when it comes to addressing affairs within and among countries. Literature Review Issues raised after Bin Laden’s Assassination In his speech to the US House of Representative Judiciary Committee, the US Attorney General, Eric Holder stated that the action of the US Navy Seal of assassinating Osama Bin Laden was within the tenets of law. Confirming the same claims, Hasian (2012) and Krech (2011) say that the move was a national self-defence on a military target. Holder presents Bin Laden’s butchery as a kill-or-capture mission and that since he (Bin Laden) had defied orders to be apprehended, the Navy Seals were justified to kill him. From another perspective, Dahl (2014) reveals how the acumen that led to the death of Osama bin Laden shed a light on the importance of intelligence with respect to global justice and the rule of law. Osama Bin Laden and his Al-Qaeda group were held accountable for several terrorist attacks across the world, particularly the 9/11 attack in the US. In their view, King, Glascock, and Levitt (2014) assert that counterterrorism measures have been more intelligence-oriented. Inkster (2011) presents a clearer picture of the situation when he reveals the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) as among variou
Introduction The Red Hot Chilli Restaurant seeks to recruit 30 co-workers to fill the new posts for the new Covent Garden Branch which opens in June 2010. The selection criterion will be for the following post Waiters/waitresses, Barmen/Barwomen and Maitre D. Waiters/ waitresses Red hot chilli restaurant is seeking to recruit 16 waiters/ waitress to fill the positions in a newly opened hotel branch. Responsibilities   * To take orders from customers, to clear the tables and to serve food.   * To welcome customers and to show them a table or ask them to wait for the next available table.   * They will be writing down the orders for either food or drinks and passing them to kitchen.   * They will be collecting meals from the kitchen and taking them to the correct table.   * They will clear away the empty plates, glasses or cups from tables before they place others (Cobble1991, pp. 419-432). Requirements   * A waiter is expected to have a good memory to remember orders and be able to explain the menu to customers in case the menu is not on the table.   * They are to demonstrate good interpersonal and public relation skills.   * They should be of good personal hygiene; smart, neat and clean while handling clients   * One year waiter experience in a busy restaurant is required including working on weekends.   * They should be able handle many customers especially during rush hours. Interview questions Where have you worked before? For how long have you worked there? This question seeks to ascertain the waiter’s experience and the nature of the work experience. The question is relevant because the post for the waiter requires somebody with experience as a waiter in a busy working environment. The question was chosen because it is open and it gives the interviewee a chance to express himself. How do you handle rush hour when the customers are many in and out of the hotel? This question is meant to assess the interviewee’s ability to handle rush hour or deal with many customers. The question is chosen because it gives the interviewee a chance to speak out his/ her mind. He might never have handled a rush hour but what he has in mind tells his capability to do so. How do you deal with customer complaints? The question is meant to test the interpersonal and the public relations skills. The ability to handle customer complaints shows that the interviewee has good interpersonal skills. The question is chosen because it tests the personal ability to apply the interpersonal skills to solve a problem like customers complaints. Explain the content of a menu? This question tests the interviewee memory. If the interviewee can remember the content of the menu, then he has a good memory. The question is direct and only tests how well the waiter can master the menu. Why should a waiter be neat and clean? This question seeks the understanding of the waiter that cleanliness and personal
From the existing argument, it can be told that there is a necessity to perform additional check-ups to make sure that the OBOGS system functions properly. Regardless of other issues inherent in hypoxia-related discussions, the OBOGS system and physiological episodes that are related to it cannot be currently mitigated without addressing the use of oxygen at high altitudes. Overall, it is safe to say the development of a new oxygen delivery system that is going to take into account the limitations of the previous versions cannot be left behind. The key reason behind this is the extensive number of risks to which pilots are recurrently exposed within the existing flight environment. One of the most positive things that were discussed within the framework of the reviewed article was that many training programs were developed to help pilots to identify whether they were being exposed to a hypoxic environment or not. Of course, there is a rather reasonable suggestion coming from the author of the article based on the idea that the dissection of the OBOGS and LOX systems may be beneficial in terms of identifying the causal relationship between the failures of these systems and the exposure to a hypoxic environment. On the other hand, it is rather critical to address the pilots’ ability to identify the predictors of a hypoxic environment and their skills in terms of performing a pre-flight examination of the existing systems. Overall, the situation is tricky due to the absence of fatalities caused by the failure of either OBOGS or LOX, but we will have to address this issue on more than one level (including the interaction between the pilot, plane, and the environment) if we expect to solve this puzzle.
Introduction For several decades, religion has been very important as it carries significant influence on numerous human life aspects including social and economic affairs. All monotheistic religions including Christianity, Judaism, and Muslim have power over everyday living (Wilson, 2008). Their dynamic traditions, scriptures, and laws have significantly contributed important financial and economic matters. For the Muslim community, the Holy Quran is the powerful authoritative guidance tool in which prophecies and teachings determine their approach to life issues (Wilson, 2008). Religion has greatly contributed in Islamic banking, and philosophy of Islamic jurisprudence has their roots in religion. In Islamic banking, Islamic law ( Shariah) and its legal principles have been influential in guiding Islamic banking practices. For such convictions, this essay explores the concept of Usul Fiqh and Qawaid Fiqhiyyah in respect to issues regarding the influence of Shariah on Islamic banking practices Usul al Fiqh & Qawaid Fiqhiyyah Under the Islamic community, Fiqh is a terminology that denotes Islamic jurisprudence, which means a practice in which jurists develop regulations, guidelines, and rules following the principles of the Quran and the Sunnah. Notwithstanding the permanency of the principles of the Sunnah and the Quran, Islamic jurisprudence should enlighten human beings on understanding, applying and dealing with these principles (Wilson, 2008). Shariah appears in consecutive religious generations through critical research, explanation and agreements undertaken by educated jurists. Usul al Fiqh refers to a compilation of ideologies pertaining to practice involved in the extraction or simple strict methodology of developing Fiqh (rulings). It also entails the practice of deriving legal rulings developed from primary sources of Shariah in an honest and unbiased manner as per the intentions of Allah. Qawaid Fiqhiyyah is the philosophy of Jurisprudence of combined readings from various rules and regulations of Fiqh. Usul al Fiqh on Shariah board & Islamic banking Usul al Fiqh that means strict follow up of processes in creating judgment has great influence on the Islamic Banking and Finance practices especially on the contemporary banking, which are interest-oriented (IIBI, 2013). Muslim understands that financial issues are critical, cause attrition on cultural norms, and are the bedrock to sinning, and hence, certain regulations must prevail to avoid violence among people. Through proper interpretations of Islamic laws, the Shariah board strictly ensures that people adhere to rules governing economic and financial transactions, through the process known as ijtihad. The practice of ijtihad, according to Wilson (2008, p. 178), “i