ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary of data analyzed In analyzing the excel data provided from the bank for customers who have previously been granted bank loans the following are the factors that should be considered when determining whether a prospective customer is suitable to be granted a loan. The data analyzed was for 100 customers who defaulted on their loan payment by missing one or more repayments and 100 customers who did not default on their loan by making every payment. Years spent with the current employer One of the factors that should be considered in awarding the bank customers loans is the years they have been with the current employer. The data shows that those who have been with their current employers for a few years have not defaulted on their loan repayments as compared to those who have been with their current employers for a long period. For example, those who have been with their employers for 19 years and above have not been repaying their loans with the statistics showing nearly 98% of them have defaulted (Spiegel, Schiller, Srinivasan, 2009, pp.1-20). The age factor Age should also be considered in awarding loans by the bank. It is very interesting to find many of those who have defaulted on their loan repayment are between the ages of 21-33 with those beyond that age doing well in their payment. Only 63 customers between the age of 21 and 33 have been repaying their loans as compared to 100 who are between the ages of 33 and 55. Therefore, it’s important to consider the age of the customers as the decision to award a bank loan is considered. Sex as a factor Sex is also a critical factor in awarding bank loans. Upon analysis, it is revealed that the ratio of male to female defaulting in loan repayment is 1: 5 respectively. This gives an implication that for every one male who defaults 5 females default on loan repayment. So it becomes critical for the bank to consider male customers for awarding loans as compared to the female customers of the bank. The management has to be more cautious as it awards loans to the females since their repayment turnover wanting as revealed by the statistics available. Income levels The middle-income earners and fewer income earners repay their loans more than is the case with those who are earning more as revealed by the analyzed information. The ratio is 3: 4, giving the implication that, for every 3 people who are middle-income earners who default, 4 people earning high-income default and so the bank ought to be cautious on the high-income
Definition of human capital management Human capital can be described as individual and collective human resources that are responsible for the achievement of an organization’s objectives. Human resources are an integral part of every organization and without this, progress can not be ascertained. Human capital management is the process of recruiting, developing and retraining highly qualified individuals to carry out the organization’s objectives. Human resources have been explained by scholars as one of the factors of production, besides land and capital. Human capital is particularly important in the healthcare industry in order to deliver the key service to all Americans (Sultz & Young 2010). The main aim of any human resources department is to attract and retain highly competent individuals and develop them through valid experience. When combined, employee and patient satisfaction are likely to lead to organizational success. An efficient service is that which brings satisfaction to both the client and the service provider. Healthcare personnel are trained to restore well being in their patients. Some of the determinants that could exhibit the effectiveness and efficiency of the service awarded could include the patients’ well being and lack of complaints about the delivery of the service. A good healthcare service improves patient health and provides personnel with the experience required to sort out similar events in the future. The passing of the recent healthcare bill means that more people will be able to seek quality treatment from US hospitals, thereby creating a need for hospitals to improve on their human capital in order to deal with the increased patient capacity. Issues pertaining importance of human capital in health sector Most organizations face internal pressure to increase productivity and improve value to all stakeholders. Thus, the top management has to seek ways of improving financial performance and output for this purpose, forcing human resources executives to focus on a business approach biased towards the organization. The most common practice of improving performance is by cutting down on administrative expenses so as to improve on operating efficiency. However, more and more organizations, such as those in the health care industry, have seen the need to invest in their human capital in order to better performance, increase revenue and deal with rising competition. External pressure is also building up for health care organizations to publicly report investments made in people. Health care is a highly sensitive service, thus constant quality checks are inherent in the health care industry. Health providers have to invest in qualified personnel in order to cope with government regulations and industry requirements. Activist groups and non governmental organizations are intensifying their lobbying campaigns for organizations to be more responsive to the high unemployment rates in the US, with health care organizations being asked to increase their uptake of young interns. The healthcare industry is constantly ch
Interview Summary While discussing the interviewee’s background information, the participant replied that he had been in the position of Catholic Church leader for eighteen years. The interview also remarked that being a religious leader required patience because so many people strived to attend the church service to search for reconciliation and forgiveness. The participant gave account on his early experience of taking this position and explained that this had been his decision to become the minister of religion. Since the childhood, the religious leader was concerned with the possibility to prove his commitment to public life, as well as his love to God. While reflecting on the purpose of church in his community, Mr. Brown told that his desire to become a Catholic leader was not influenced by his parents. Rather, it had been his own conscious decision. At the of this discussion, the leader admitted that it had taken him 2 years to develop enough confidence in his leadership power to head the church. While deliberating on leader’s essential message that he reveals in Catholic tradition, Mr. Brown asserted that religion had a potent impact on formation of people’s moral, spiritual, and ethical values. Regardless of religious tradition, the interview believed that Catholicism fulfilled the role of spiritual foundation for people searching for reconciliation and peace. In addition, the participant looked very concerned while discussing the significance of celebrating the Eucharist and the role of church in the life of the community. In particular, the Catholic leader claimed that the church and divine rule represent the authority under which the public community could integrate. Possessing the uniform rules and principles would allow people to become spiritually closer to God. Due to the fact that Mr. Brown had lived in the region since his birth, he did not feel any pressure on the part of his parents and community. His attitude to people irrespective of their origin and beliefs is also equal, which is the main principle of Catholic tradition. In particular, the interviewee emphasized that his task as a leader was confined to constant support of parishioners who suffered from problems in a secular life. His position requires him to be the messenger between the real world and the divine world. While talking about the main challenges during the service, Mr. Brown noted that the most difficult in accomplishing his duty was to convince people of the necessity to observe virtues and values, notwithstanding the difficulties, which are often sent by God as a trial of human patience. The religious leader also confessed that the most difficult thing about his profession lied in persuading young pop
Plea bargaining is the act of agreement between the Court and the accused aimed to knock off the sentence. The accused expects the Judge to minimize the sentence on the basis of the fact that the defendant pleads guilty. In the majority of law courts, plea bargaining can occur at practically any point of the court case (Veloski, 2014). Plea bargaining may happen in the period from the accused being arrested to the judge stating the accusations. Plea bargaining may end up in a deal after the jury discusses the case and reaches the final verdict. In the case when the jury cannot make a firm decision, the discussion between the two parties may result in the negotiations aimed to replace another upcoming trial with a plea. It may also happen that the accused strikes a bargain while the case is still on appeal. Plea Bargaining Ethics The ethics of plea bargaining are represented by a continuous debate on the rejection of certain procedures inherent in the process of plea bargaining. The United States currently perceive plea bargaining as a rather unstable process. The benefits of admitting the guiltiness are separated from the disadvantages of the trial (Meernik, 2014). The latter can be found in a number of pretexts and are proven to be indefensible. The results of plea bargaining are usually signified by diffident but strict sentence bargains for offenders who confess their guilt. Nonetheless, cautious overcharging by prosecuting attorneys and charge bargaining should be dejected (Meernik, 2014). The suppositions that serious and flexible sentence reductions are required to increase the warranted penalty are all proven to lack integrity. This includes covering penitent lawbreakers, encouraging assistance from suspects in incriminating other alleged suspects, enhancing the restrictive nature of the criminal justice system, or salvaging convictions where weak evidence against the accused interferes with the accusations. The Effect of Plea Bargaining on the Criminal Justice Process Despite its visual transparency, plea bargaining generates a gap between practice and systematic concepts in the criminal justice system. The actual presence of plea bargaining switches the attention from the judges and magistrate to the prosecuting attorney and defense counsel (Abrams, 2011). All of the truth is expected to be found throughout the process of reviewing the available evidence. In real world circumstances, plea bargaining may avert a public discovery of the evidence and perform a number of unnecessary substitu
The evaluation plan selected for this report describes the activity of the Smart Work Zone Deployment Initiative. The SWZDI was initiated in 1999 as a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Pooled Fund Study claimed to manage and maintain research among the participating states linked with the issues of safety and mobility in highway work zones. The objective of the plan has been described briefly, with the intention not to overload the whole context of the evaluation plan, but it made the narration of the objectives a bit vague and not as clear as it could be. The objectives also state the amount of the made researches on the current topic, but it is the fact is that, this information is absolutely useless. AS for the factors of the successful activity, it is necessary to emphasize, that the offered plan mentions some of them. These are the terms of the implementation of the plans, the funding (the funding is usually the collected fees of the states-participants to the organization, and the rollovers from the previous years), and the periodical leadership, which is defined by flipping the nickel. The technology and technical assistance is described in the chapter devoted to the program processes, but alongside with the objectives stays vague. The articulation of the purposes and the accent on the adoption and continuation of the program are also stated in the program process chapter, and signify the achieved results, the intention to continue of the program outworking and the implementation of the adopted plans. It is also stated in the report, that all the responsibility is on the Project Manager, or the member of the Board of Directors, appointed responsible. The issues of the evaluation are directly linked with the purposes of the evaluation, as the purposes of the evaluation are the estimation criteria of the success of the activity of the organization. For the 2006 program, a roll of fourteen requests for offers were elaborated and allocated to perspective investigators at research institutions in participating states. Five estimation offers were submitted by retailers. Offers were achieved for six projects and the projects were graded and allocated to the Board of Directors for agreement. The data collection process occurred in the form of the implementation control, and gives the objective evaluation of the processes and methods of the implementation of the taken decisions. As for the analysis and interpretation of the collected
Lincoln does follow a hierarchy in their way of management as it flows from top to bottom. The top managers usually have the key role in decision making and the decisions made are implemented by the managers below them. In the text, it is mentioned that the company has top executives, middle managers and production workers indicating hierarchy. The span of control of managers is also small with each manager supervising only 100 employees in a company with about 6000 employees. A hierarchical approach to management usually has a smaller span of control. The managers in overseas companies exaggerated their goals to receive more resources from Lincoln. In as much as Lincoln decided to invest overseas, they are still managed by the top executive in the USA as they still depend on them to provide resources. They also form goals and send them to the US which indicates hierarchy as the resources are not decentralized (Daft, 2010). The Lincoln system has a history in the US as they have never laid-off staff even in hard economic times. Hence, there is trust between the top management and the production workers. In the USA, Lincoln picked students directly from high school who were trained and cross-trained them to work in the organization. The managers were picked from workers with great success. Lincoln usually promotes its workers to managerial positions rather than employing from outside. This indicates that the managers in Lincoln in the USA are people who have been brought up in Lincoln. Therefore, they have a positive attitude towards the system. The employees before joining the company are already aware of what is expected of them and are more likely to meet their goals (Daft, 2010). Lincoln’s control system cannot be taken to other countries due to the difference in the manner in which things are done over there. The way they have been brought up to look at things is not the same as in the USA. The European human resource was not open to the idea of bonuses. The ways of doing things that are acceptable in the US and are considered by the American people as good and ideal may not necessarily be ideal to other people. So that Lincoln’s managers make future international plants more successful, they have to study the environment in those countries in terms of both the customers and the human resource. They should look at companies that are successful and determine the kind of incentives they use to ensure maximum production from their workforce. This will guide them on the management strategies to be used and not just imposing a strategy that worked elsewhere in an entirely different culture (Daft, 2010). Lincoln should not borrow money to pay bonuses. Information about how the company operates and its financial data was
Introduction In the article ‘why Business matters’, Joan Magretta gives an insight into the origin of a good business model. She gives a highlight on the application of the term ‘business model’ in relation to a business strategy. The article indicates the differences between business strategies and business models. The author indicates that the interchangeable use of business models with business strategies has rendered the use of the terms meaningless. The author therefore enlightens the audience on the significance of a business model. She further gives an account of what causes a business model to succeed or fail. Also, the author illustrates with relevant examples, ways in which business models are complemented by an appropriate strategy. Differences between a Business Strategy and a Business Model The author refers to a business model as a story. In this case, a business model gives a description of the process through which a company generates, delivers, and puts up for sale a product or service to make wealth. This means that a business model describes the customers of a given business. A model further describes how a business organization intends to generate revenue of the business and the same time creating value to the customer. On the other hand, a strategy is a factor that brings difference to the business. A strategy compliments or balances a business model making the business successful. By employing an appropriate business strategy, a business organization is capable of beating the competition through differentiation. Importance of a Business Model for a Successful Business Magretta further highlights on the importance of a business model to the success of the business. She claims that a business model is a planning tool. Through the business model, the focus of the business is shifted to ensuring that elements in the structure fit into a functioning in one piece. A business model ought to be realistic and well designed for the business organization to succeed. Referring to an old-aged question from Peter Drucker, the author claims that a business model seeks to identify the customer in a given business and elaborate on the value of the customer. On the other hand, the strategic analysis explains how the business performs better than its competitors. This means that a good business model gives the management a room to put to test and at the same time revise assumptions made concerning the customer. In addition, a business model gives the management an ample time to think thoroughly about the business and organize the staff accordingly for the success of
Susan Cain is a product of more than five years of research. Therefore, it is an essential tool for personal development. Besides, the author says that she is an introvert. She has experienced the pain that introverts are subjected to in environments where they have to relate with extroverts. Hence, the book is a product of both research and the author’s personal experience. The author defines two personal characters, an introvert and an extrovert, as the main characters linking a person to society. However, the book focuses mainly on introverts, which the author considers as the forgotten characters who once helped in the foundation of the American society. A normal person is either an introvert or an extrovert. According to the author, the majority of successful people in the world are introverts. However, it is ironic that the conditions set in churches, schools, and workplaces among others favor the extroverts (Cain, 2012). She says that the total population of introverts is approximately one-third of the whole humanity, and thus they should be valued by presenting them in environments and conditions which are best suited for their human character. Cain says that introverts are the best leaders in the human population. She argues they are charismatic, and they can influence large groups of people towards their desired cause of actions and like their opinions. She claims that introverts are liked because they are quiet even when subjected to chaotic situations. Their character enables them to think creatively about the best solutions to problems. And they often give the best ideas. Additionally, in a workplace introverts produce the best results when allowed to think and work on their own. They are not antisocial, as they are normally perceived as being quiet and often shy. On the contrary, they prefer doing things on their own since they believe in their capabilities. Since an idea is developed, introverts build loyal alliances using their ability to cooperate with other people while working together for a common goal. The author is sure that Western society evolved from a culture of character whereby introverts were respected in addition to being given opportunities to do their best. This argument expresses the author’s pain coming from a cultural change. She argues that American society valued human character as a person was glorified for the good result of work done behind the scenes. Therefore, society did not care much about the background information of the person, but rather about the relevance of his/her work to humanity. Additionally, the author complains about modern offices are designed to favor extroverts. The designs are meant to allow groups and team works, as they are perceived to be more productive than individual working setups. However, extroverts like competition as opposed to introverts who prefer person promotions. Interestingly, Cain says that introverts have restorative niches, which could either be a place that they go to rebuild mental strength whenever they are exhausted or things they like doin