ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Thomas Friedman’s book “The World is Flat” is paean to globalization. The central tenet of this book is that the barriers to trade and commerce are disappearing due to globalization and this ensures as level playing field for anyone who wants to enter the global economy and sell a product or a service. This, Friedman argues is the result of the ten “flatteners” in terms of the innovations and hard technology improvements like availability of bandwidth and structural changes accompanying globalization. Further, there is the “triple convergence” that happens which is described in the succeeding sections. The title of the book is drawn from a conversation that the author has with the CEO of an Indian software company (Infosys) where the CEO (Nandan Nilekani) describes how his company is taking advantage of the flattening out of the barriers and capitalizing on the numerous opportunities thrown up by globalization. As Nandan puts it to Friedman, the world is indeed flat. The ten flatteners are the major political events, innovations and companies that made the world sit up and take notice. (p. 48). These ten flatteners opened up nee possibilities in the sphere of a globalised world and ensured that the world was not the same again. The ten flatteners are described below:   * The fall of the Berlin Wall: This event is not only symbolic but also brought masses of people who were hitherto in the communist regimes to participate in the opportunities thrown up by globalization   * Netscape going public: This event made the internet accessible to anyone with a computer and allowed the widespread acceptance of the web as a medium of exchange.   * The introduction of workflow software: This relates to adoption of the open standards that let applications talk to each other.   * Self organizing collaborative companies: This gave rise to the practice of collaborative projects bringing together developers from all countries in contact with each other.   * The Y2K outsourcing phenomenon: The outsourcing of work related to the Y2K bug allowed countries like India to get a toehold in the software outsourcing industry. This was then leveraged to provide high quality services at low cost to the western countries.   * Offshoring: As stated above, once the outsourcing took shape, the world with its flat nature enabled companies from all over the world to get a share of the global outsourcing pie.   * Supply chaining: The best example of a company gaining due practices s
With its horrendous legacy, slavery was one of the most abhorrent blights on the face of humankind. Even though it has been over a century since it was abolished, it still echoes in the lives of numerous people as discrimination and racism remain rampant in modern society (Nieman 3). In his book, DuBois provided a poignant and prominent description of the experiences of African American people. Questioning the idea of a nonviolent protest like the one that not only slows down the fight for human rights but also undermines its legitimacy by not confronting white supremacism, the book encourages the idea of an uninhibited movement that seeks to achieve dignity and freedom at all costs. Despite the questionable nature of the very concept of fighting violence with a different kind of violence, the book conveys a powerful message about the necessity to confront injustice and not to lose hope in the face of adversity. What makes “The Souls of Black Folk” especially nuanced and poignant is its ability to contemplate the issues of racism and discrimination not only in the social but also economic and political contexts, which leads to a proper understanding of the complexity of the issue and shows why it remains so deeply engrained in the framework of social interactions. Demonstrating how the specified domains interplay and how they reinforce racist ideas and stereotypes, DuBois emphasizes the need to fight discrimination and racism as forms of systemic oppression, which suggests the application of vocal protests. Therefore, the ability to develop a nuanced analysis of the subject at hand while keeping the focus on the needs of the target vulnerable group is one of the main strengths of the book. DuBois manages to appeal to the emotions of his readers while arguing his point eloquently and convincingly. Moreover, the idea of representing the main thesis of the book through a collection of lived experiences of African American people described in a raw, unfiltered, and, thus, very emotional and passionate manner made the book especially powerful. “The Souls of Black Folk” gives an insight into the challenges that a marginalized group has to face, therefore, outlining the necessity to fight for the rights of African American people by any means necessary (Bagwell). The book outlines the divide between the white population and the African American one as the main problem to fight against: “The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line” (DuBois 32). As a result, the book leaves a tremendou
Dr. Gerpheide’s Advice to Entrepreneurs Who Fail Many Times I think Doctor Gerpheide would advise entrepreneurs who fail severally while trying to establish themselves to have two virtues: determination and perseverance. These two qualities are the ones that helped his company grow from a small business to an international company. Determination and perseverance will help them keep working hard despite many failures. Determination makes one believe that failing is a precursor of success. In the case of Doctor Gerpheide, he failed twenty-five times before he succeeded. The Probable Reaction of the Employees of Cirque In case the employees of Cirque encounter problems, they will consult each other, and if the problems are beyond them, they will approach the management for solutions. The reason for such a response is the friendly environment the management has created in the company. Doctor Gerpheide and his administrators have made the employees work together as a family regardless of the position each one of them occupies in the company. Therefore, they do not fear approaching their colleagues and the management for solutions to their problems. Dr. Gerpheide’s Advice to the Grade School Children in Salt Lake City I think Doctor Gerpheide tells the children to take their education seriously because education opens the minds of those who go through it. I also think he uses his experiences to explain how education leads to success by instilling creativity in people who go through it. In this context, he uses the knowledge he acquired in school while studying computer science to improve on touchpad technology, which led to the growth of his company. This example makes the children understand the role of education in the life of a person. The Reason Cirque Failed in Its Initial Stages The company did not succeed immediately it began its operations because Doctor Gerpheide had not studied the needs of the market. Many companies were looking for portable machines, yet his invention could not fit in portable devices. Worse still, the many wires in his machines were very expensive. Therefore, companies had to think of a way to replace the multiple wires before buying their technology. Therefore, many companies turned Doctor Gerpheide’s idea down. Gerpheide’s Response to His Company’s Failure When the company failed to succeed, Gerpheide continued persuading companies to adopt his products. When he got the first customer, he used that money to improve the products to suit the requirements of his market. He came up with new types of retail computers. Therefore, perseverance and creativity helped him grow from a small company to an international institution. How Dr. Gerpheide’s Previous Experiences Made Him a Renowned Entrepreneur Doctor Gerpheide’s first company, Quality Microcomputer Instrumentation (QMI) helped him realize that he had the ability to come up with new designs of computers. H
Rousseau guaranteed that individuals are equipped with two sorts of “confidence.” The principal, love de soi, is our interest in endurance and solace. The second, love propre, is associated with being innately social. It is a sort of significant worth not to put ourselves based on getting acknowledgment from others. To comprehend love propre, one should know somewhat about Rousseau’s origination of human instinct. Following thinkers in the last century, for example, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, Rousseau imagined people in a condition of nature. He envisioned people deprived of that large number of attributes that they could just have procured by the shows of human culture. People in nature are vulgar, pre-social, fragmented, do not take composite reasoning, and behave significantly from intuition. Love propre is found to be missing in this state. When people start to shape social associations, it is important not to heed what people think of them. In the soonest human social orders, those set apart by miniature gatherings of families, love propre is necessary for the human experience. Be that as it may, it is generally harmless, and Rousseau called this period the most joyful in humankind’s set of experiences. One of the most lionized components of Rousseau’s opinion is his eminence between two canonic strains of self-love. Amour de soi is inviolable and thus neutral to one’s sociable standing, and courtship propre, which is congener and therefore profoundly interested with one’s character. The mental dualism exemplified by these two hypotheses is cardinal to Rousseau’s thought. However, the preeminence between amour de soi and amour-propre is not substitutable with the eminence between good and lousy self-love. Rousseau’s most popular clarification of the differentiation between the two sorts of confidence shows up in the notes to the Second Discourse. Love propre and de soi, two interests different in nature and belongings, should not be confounded. Love de soi is a whiz opinion that leans each creature to look after its protection and which, coordinated in man by reason and altered by feeling sorry for, produces humankind and ideals. Love propre is a relative feeling, counterfeit and brought into the world in society. It leans every person to have more prominent regard for themselves than any other person, moves in men all the mischief they do to one another, and is valid. In quite a few powerful entries, Rousseau cautions against the want to be more than we as of now are. One of Emile’s articulated strains in the somewhat Apathetic talk on satisfaction toward the beginning of Book II is “O man, draw your reality up inside yourself, and you will presently don’t be hopeless” (Rousseau 1979, p. 83). The record of the youngster’s investigation in Book IV’s history “He will be distressed at seeing his siblings transform into brutal creatures since they don’t have a clue instructions to be happy with being men” (Rousseau 1979, p. 242). It is the guide’s counsel cl
How can we guarantee year-round water access to South Asians? Water is an essential component of human life. It is vital in domestic use, for example, cooking, drinking, and washing, as well as in industrial processes. Consequently, access to clean water is one of the determinants of human settlement. Many people choose to locate in areas where they can easily access water. In South Asia, the problem of access to water still exists. As such, there have been conflicts between different communities in regard to the control, use, and protection of some water points across several countries in the region. Therefore, having year-round access to water by the inhabitants of the region could go a long way in solving these conflicts. A number of strategies can be employed by the policymakers to ensure that the problem of water scarcity is resolved once and for all. One such strategy is the need for communities to practice groundwater mining through the drilling of boreholes. These boreholes are vital in increasing water supply to the residents of South Asia. Secondly, the government can construct large dams, as well as water reservoirs in different parts of the country. By so doing, rainwater can be stored in the dams and reservoirs, thus reducing cases of flooding when it rains. Moreover, the water stored in dams is for future use. Lastly, many of the countries in South Asia do experience heavy rainfall when the monsoon winds blow over the region. As such, people can be encouraged to harvest rainwater and store it for different purposes. Whose job is it to clean up the rivers? Why? Many of the rivers in South Asia have been heavily polluted. Therefore, the water from these rivers is not suitable for human consumption. Consequently, there is a need for these rivers to be cleaned and protected against perennial pollution. It is the duty of the different local governments in the region to ensure that rivers within their areas of jurisdiction are kept clean all year round. A government is mandated to offer essential basic services to its citizens. Furthermore, the local people, who are the first beneficiaries, do need to ensure the rivers are clean. These people should avoid dumping waste in the rivers, thereby keeping them clean. The locals have a responsibility to ensure that water within their proximity is clean. Is it ethical to try and stop people from releasing their cremated relatives into the rivers? Ethics demands that actions are undertaken to benefit the public. It is evident that water pollution has negative impacts on the community. Thus, it is ethical for people to stop releasing cremated relatives into rivers. Such people can be educated on the dangers associated with water pollution. Consequently, it is imperative that such people are stopped from, so doing, which is ethical. Can we limit people’s access to basic human necessities? Why or why not? Every human being has a right to access their basic necessity in life. Therefore, limiting their access to basic necessities like water violates their basic human rights. Consequently, every human being has to access their basic human necessities in life, an
Introduction Supply Chain management is an integral part of every organization that deals with manufacturing with an aim of supplying finished products to a specific group of customers. Supply chain management ensures that organizations are able to accurately and efficiently acquire raw materials, manage work In progress and also deliver finished goods to where they are needed in good quality (Bardi & Langley 2002, 14-17). Managers aim to stabilize demand and supply patterns through out the business cycle and thus develop strategies that efficiently manage flow of information, configure distribution networks, and manage inbound and outbound logistic activities whereby, they achieve this with the help of supply chain management (Ian & Chris 2001, 144). If a company’s supply chain is inefficient then it is most likely that end products will end up not being of the right quality and hence consumers will not be happy due to the fact that value was not appropriately created in the first place. All efforts of the Supply Chain Management should aim to create value for end consumers and ensure that the needs of the consumers are accurately addressed in the products that are being made and distributed to them (Tompkins & Smith 1998, 156-160). The supply chain structure in some cases may involve a lot of organizations and this usually requires companies to develop the right strategies that will manage the level of relationships between supply chain members in order to get rid of inefficiencies that may affect the quality of goods and services (Michael 2004, 90-93). A typical supply chain is integrated and has a lot of members in each level and it thus becomes necessary that managers formulate and implement the right strategies so that the flow of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods up and down the supply chain can be flexible, timely, efficient and less costly in order for value to be created amongst all supply chain partners (Wheelen & Hunger 2010, 288). Figure 1: The integrated Supply Chain that is typical o
As organisations expand and begin employing diverse and multicultural staff, conflicts arise between different social groups. The phenomenon has been present before, and there is an extensive and varied body of research regarding negotiation and resolution. However, many of these studies and theories employ a Western perspective, which usually incorporates a dual-concern model of assertiveness and cooperation. However, challenges to this view, which are primarily based on Eastern concepts such as harmony, are rising. This post investigates the differences between the two notions and their use in the resolution of inter-group conflicts. Traditional paradigms of conflict theory try to determine a person’s tendencies and their influences on the outcome of the disagreement. According to “Cross-cultural studies” (n.d.), a popular model uses two traits of an individual: assertiveness and co-operativeness, which can combine to form one of five approaches. The research of Olekalns and Druckman (2015) supports the notion and adds that until recently, much of the theory on negotiation has neglected emotions and considered their impediments. While the ideas permit easy quantification and can be highly beneficial in abstract considerations, they can lead to inaccurate conclusions during confrontations with cultures that have different values. Eastern theorists, in particular, devote significant attention to the relationships between people and their evolution. Huang (2016) supplies a Chinese model that concentrates on the achievement of harmony through the elimination of deceptive behaviours and separates conflicts into genuine and superficial. The objective in this school of thinking is not to obtain an end result that satisfies both parties in conflict but to promote a mutually beneficial relationship between them. After the goal is accomplished, the issue would not arise due to the alignment of interest between the two groups, removing the need for outside interference. The approach represents a noteworthy deviation from the theory described above, which focuses on individual confrontations. However, the two schools of thought are not exclusive and can be combined for improved efficiency. According to Caputo and Ayoko (2016), the trait known as cultural intelligence is essential for successful intercultural interactions. The concept is somewhat new and requires further investigation, as it has been the subject of less research than other characteristics. Wang (2018) provides models such as the developmental model of intercultural sensitivity, which is aimed at fostering understanding of other societies to promote adaptation and integration. Ultimately, the workfor
Introduction What could be more terrible for a stutterer than to become a king on the eve of the worst war, when the primary weapon is the voice, and the people are waiting for fiery speeches? This article will discuss the leadership style, behaviour and traits that the main character of The King’s Speech had and what are the learning outcomes from the case of the leader in the historical movie. The article will argue that the example of King George VI shows that there should be a combination of leadership styles in order for a person to become a leader. In the case of The King’s Speech , skill theory, style and situational theory define the central character of the movie. Description of the Background to the Movie After the death of King George V, King Edward VIII ascended the British throne. However, in 1936, he abdicated the throne and his younger brother, Prince Albert, Duke of York, unexpectedly found himself the leading contender for the throne. Bertie, as he was known in the family circle, had suffered from the unpleasant ailment of stuttering, and had a fear of public speaking. Despite his shortcomings, he became King George VI, head of the British Commonwealth and Emperor of India (Freeman). To address the stutter, George’s wife, Queen Elizabeth, decided to resort to the eccentric Australian speech therapist Lionel Logue for help. After receiving assurances from a specialist that the speech problem could be solved, she persuaded the king to undergo treatment. At first, the speech therapist and his extraordinary methods of work aroused strong distrust in George. However, by trusting Logue, he was able to overcome the stutter. The Central Leadership Lessons from the Case It might be stated that not every child who deftly commands other kids in the sandbox will necessarily grow into a real leader. Not every soldier grows up to be a general. The most excellent mentor may not be able to mould a leader if the initial material is not suitable. If someone asks: “Who taught Alexander the Great?”, one can give an honest answer: “Aristotle taught Alexander.” This point of view expresses The King’s Speech story of leadership. When a person has the right personality and traits, even if not ideal, and there is a desire to develop, then with the help of training, there is an excellent chance to become a leader. Oscar-winner The King’s Speech is about the skill theory that shows the necessity to overcome difficulties and get skills to unite the nation by the voice of a leader. On the one hand, it is visible how much the main character suffers from stuttering, which is why he cannot communicate with people correctly and closes himself from other people. On the other hand, the film perfectly showed the strength of character of Albert (later the king), his mind, self-irony and firmness. Especially successful were the scenes when Albert screams in anger, while stuttering, then realises that he is becoming ridiculous, which makes him even angrier and he shouts even louder. It should be recalled that the vo