ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: The Many Faces of Motivation The issue of workforce motivation has never been easy; despite the fact that a company might offer its staff an otherwise perfect working environment, the absence of any kind of motivation is most likely to lead to drastic effects. Over centuries, the concept of motivation has been changing, with new theories emerging on a regular basis. In his book, Pink consolidates the efforts of his predecessors and introduces his interpretation of what the mechanisms of motivation are, therefore, creating premises for a reinvention of the modern business world as people know it. Theories of Motivation as Pink Sees Them It is quite remarkable that the entire third chapter of Pink’s book is devoted to the issue of motivation as it was interpreted by various researchers. Pink offers a very unique observation of the existing motivational theories. It is interesting that he does not go over an entire list, nor does he choose the most conventional ones. Instead, Pink offers the readers an opportunity to follow his train of thoughts and come to the realization of the Type I and Type X theory as the only possible option. Therefore, the author provides a unique choice of motivational theories overview, mixing them with his own idea of motivation in the workplace. Self-determination theory It is peculiar that the self-determination theory has so much in common with Pink’s own theory. Once pink introduces its main concepts, the reader is able to see that the self-determination theory is going to become one of the pillars that Pink’s Type X and Type I theory is going to be based on. Beginning “with a notion of universal human needs” (Pink 70), the given theory appeals to people’s need for personal growth and the recognition of their work. Thus, it can be assumed that the Motivation 2.0 theory was partially spawned by the concept of self determination suggested by Deci and Ryan. Theory X: McGregor Another step in understanding the way in which the Motivation 2.0 theory was developed, the concept suggested by McGregor allows to take a closer look at the specifics of human mind. Stressing the fact that two basic people’s needs are their recognition as individuals and the necessity to blend in with the crowd, McGregor suggested a Theory X, which considers the need to integrate into society as the basis for workplace motivation. Theory Y: McGregor Another element of McGregor’s concept of motivation, the Theory Y allows to consider the phenomenon in question from a perspective of individual needs. As Pink explains, the trail of thoughts starting at Theory X and continuing with Theory Y leads to the Motivation 2.0. Friedman’s theory A researcher whom, paradoxically enough, hardly anyone has ever heard of, as Pink explains (Pink 72), Friedman suggested another brilliant interpretation of where employees’ motivation comes from and what it is supported by. Contrary to the theory of self-determination, the given theory presupposes that people are mostly predisposed to behave in a particular way; in other words, people are born either as Type A, i.e., active and enthusiastic, or as a Type B, non-resourceful and procrastin
Abstract This paper examines the application of various factors and costs along with the demand curve in determining plausible hiring practices when it comes to hiring either permanent or temporary workers. What was presented was various data sets involving Temporary demand, Seasonal demand or Popularity demand, the Debt Crisis in Europe, Outsourcing, the Theory of Consumer Behavior and Market Saturation as well as other constraining factors which could possibly influence the decisions influencing a company’s hiring practices. It was shown that given specific percentile increases or decreases involving the demand curve a company can thus accurately determine when it would be necessary to hire a specific type of worker for a particular period of time. Executive Summary Increased levels of demand do not necessitate the need to hire permanent workers for a company since it is uncertain whether demand levels will continue to remain at elevated levels. Introduction The recent financial crisis has shown a recent trend wherein lower product demand results in operational cutbacks within companies yet in instances where demand apparently increases several companies do not hire permanent workers but rather utilize limited contractual labor of only a few months. This is due to the current uncertainty surrounding financial markets wherein the volatility of the global economy combined with the financial recession in the U.S. and the debt crisis in Europe has created a situation where it is uncertain whether trends in increased demand will continue within the foreseeable future. Another factor that should be taken into consideration is the fact that demand for particular products during the holiday season can be deemed as being under an “artificial increase” which does not reflect demand in previous quarters nor does it reflect the potential demand in future quarters. As such, basing hiring practices on demand that doesn’t properly reflect consumer buying behavior in the foreseeable future would negatively impact a company’s bottom line due to the potential for having more workers than necessary when demand goes back to pre-holiday levels. It is due to this that this paper presents the
Ida Bell Wells-Barnett all her life confronted difficulties as a young woman experiencing childhood in the South. It gave the premise to her long-lasting aggressive battle against racism of African American people. She was born in 1862, a half year before the Emancipation Proclamation released the oppressed guardians from slavery (DuRocher 7). By the 1890s, lynching was a psychological oppressor mission to set the control of white people in the South (Wells-Barnett 44). Casualties were regularly the representatives of black ethnicity who were blamed for assaulting white women. Wells-Barnett questioned these accusations, noticing that frequently the charge was made after a man had been punished or killed (Wells-Barnett 45). The author had consistently fought for the idea that political strengthening was a key to equality. Because of the Emancipation Proclamation, the Southern African Americans confronted the trouble the Northern black people had faced before the civil war. Freed individuals were threatened and unfairly treated by white residents. However, with many new regulations and great effort, the issue of racism has decreased and led the country to develop and ‘bloom.’ Thus, the phrase from How Enfranchisement Stops Lynching, “the flower of the nineteenth century civilization for the American people was the abolition of slavery, and the enfrinchisement of all manhood” refers that freedom and democracy ensures the growth of the nation in economic and prosperity-wise perspectives (Wells-Barnett 43). The historical events by the end of the 19th century brought many changes to the US, which built the foundation for the wellbeing of its citizens. A few rulers and their allies deny equal rights by contending that this is important to build up the nation monetarily, accomplish public brilliance, advance racial or ethnic virtue, or make socialist heaven. This is to make an individual’s freedom an instrument that people with influence can control or overlook, contingent upon the work they need to be done. This is a damaging reason which for a long time has permitted tyrants to suffocate people. Freedom does not have a utility connected to the justification of the government’s actions. In this sense, democratic liberty is an ethical necessity, something that will be looked for or held for its characteristic virtue, and for no other explanation. The rights of all men should not be ignored to maintain a safe and opportunistic community. There is a noticeable contrast in economy and society in times when individuals are free and have a voice versus enslaved. The results of the free nation are frequently the goals that many dictators attempt to achieve by limiting the guardians’ rights. Along these lines, focusing on freedom is a morally right choice, which also has positive outcomes. One of t
Introduction This Ferry Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan has been created on behalf of all relevant responding agencies in Qatar. It has been written with the following key areas in mind: Risks The primary risk addressed in the proposed plan is the risk of a ferry disaster in the territorial waters of Qatar. Other associated risks considered within the document are:  1. Poor evacuation capacity of the ferry;  2. Oil spills resulting from the accident;  3. Large numbers of injured persons;  4. Large-scale structural damage to the ferry;  5. Poor weather conditions;  6. Damage to the ecosystem. Problems The key problems that should be addressed as part of emergency management efforts are:  1. Health and safety of injured persons;  2. Ecological damage;  3. Disruption of regular emergency services operations;  4. Limited capacity of emergency responders ( INFORM country risk profile 2019);  5. Availability of resources;  6. Need for investigation and evaluation;  7. Public response to the incident (Ha 2017);  8. Disturbance of maritime operations in the area. Documents The following documents have been consulted in the creation of this plan:  1. API Energy 2015, Oceans spill cleanup techniques . Web.  2. Ha, KM 2017, ‘A lesson learned from the ferry Sewol sinking in South Korea in 2014’, International Journal of Emergency Management , vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 210-215.  3. INFORM country risk profile 2019. Web. Aim Of the Plan The primary aim of the plan is to provide information and guidance to all agencies, structures, and persons involved in disaster response following a ferry accident in Qatar. As part of emergency preparedness efforts, the plan will be distributed to all relevant persons and teams for information purposes. In an event of a ferry disaster in Qatar, the plan should be consulted and used to clarify the roles and responsibilities of each agency. The plan also aims to provide emergency management services with a full overview of the risks and concerns that need to be taken into account while implementing a disaster response plan. This will help speed up disaster relief efforts and ensure that the actions of each team are appropriate and effective in addressing the existing risks and concerns. Objectives of the Plan In order to achieve the main aims of the plan, this document will seek to fulfil the following objectives:  1. Provide an explanation of the key agencies involved in ferry disaster response in Qatar.  2. Establish the scope of responsibilities of each agency to avoid role duplication and confusion.  3. Identify the primary points of contact for each team involved in disaster relief efforts to promote efficient communication.  4. Determine the
On 12 April 1964, Malcolm X delivered his famous “Ballot or Bullet” speech to inspire Black Nationalism and urge African Americans to fight for their rights. This essay analyses the many instances of rhetorical devices used by Malcolm X in his speech. Malcolm opens his speech with a dramatic flourish when he states that “This afternoon we want to talk about “The ballot or the bullet.” The ballot or the bullet explains itself…”. Straight away, the speaker appeals to use Pathos by homing on to the emotions of his audience. Here Malcolm is quizzically talking about the choice of the Black people to either adopt peaceful means through the electoral process or take up arms to win their rights. The emotional appeal of the opening gambit is reinforced with Logos that Malcolm uses to build his case. Malcolm employs the ‘them versus us’ logic by identifying the white man as an “enemy” who had kidnapped the Black people and brought them to America. Malcolm then goes on to build his logic by asserting that the speech is about social and political rights and not religion which he urges his audience to “Keep it between you and your God”. Here Malcolm, in a convoluted way, is using the parameter of Ethos to separate the matters of the Church from that of the State. Malcolm then raises the emotional pitch of his rhetoric by arguing that “They don’t hang you because you’re a Baptist; they hang you ’cause you’re black. They don’t attack me because I’m a Muslim; they attack me ’cause I’m black”. Here the emotional appeal is extremely strident where Malcolm strikes at the collective feeling of persecution that the Blacks in America felt during the 1960s that it was the color of their skin that made the White people look down upon them and treat them inferior. Malcolm then builds up the logic to say that the Government had failed the Black people and now only ‘self-help’ was possible and he brings in the imagery of Cassius Clay (Muhammed Ali) to reinforce the next part of his argument of fighting it out and adhere to Black nationalism to claim their equal rights. Malcolm then calls America a “hypocritical colonial power” that is yet another emotional rhetorical point as he links it with the condition of Blacks as “20th-century slaves” and “second class
Introduction IKEA is a multinational furniture manufacturer and retailer whose origin is a small village in Sweden. IKEA offers a wide range of furniture and household goods produced with innovative and original designs at low prices. The Group owns and operates 301 stores in 37 countries in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia as of August 2009. It is an unlisted family business that is run under a Dutch Foundation, Ingka Foundation, which is a holding with several units all owned by the same family. These are Ikea group which runs the stores worldwide; Ikea Ikano Group which owns the habitat stores; and Inter-Ikea Systems BV that takes care of the copyright and trademark (IKEA History: Where it All Began). The company has a range of 12,000 products. Textiles, rugs and chairs are made in India, Vietnam and Bulgaria. For the rest of the products 31% are made in Asia, 66% in Europe and 3% in North America. The company also works with around 1600 suppliers from around the world (Zwart and Tulder 2008). Walmart on the other hand is one of the largest discount retail stores in the world operating 8,416 stores and clubs in 14 countries and serving 176 million customers per year to date. The company started in 1962 in Arkansas, USA with a single store and has grown phenomenally to operate three business segments, which are, Walmart U. S., Walmart international and Uncle Sam’s clubs. It operates in different formats: retail stores, restraints, discount stores, supercenters, supermarkets and Sam’s clubs (The New York Times business; Walmart Press Room). Walmart as a business has committed to being a good steward of the environment through formulation of three environmental sustainability goals which, go together with their business strategies. These are; to be supplied with 100% by renewable energy, creation of zero waste and selling products that sustain people and the environment. Through this the company has outlined several green strategies (Drori, Meyer and Hwang 2006; Walmart Press Room). Ikea is also committed to providing sustainable, well-designed and functional products to its customers at low prices. It aims at serving people in ways that not only benefit them but also the environment (The Moscow Times). How sustainable strategies in supply chains are implemented in both companies Walmart announced plans to develop a worldwide sustainable product index on July 16, 2009. This is a three phases’ strategy that is designed to create a transparent supply chain, encourage product improvement and provision of information about products sustainability to customers in order to help them choose sustainable living. The first phase is Supplier Sustainability Assessment that will supply 100,000 global suppliers with a survey designed to analyze their sustainability in areas of energy and climate change, material efficiency, natural resources and the community and its people. The second phase is lifecycle Analysis Database that will be done with the help of suppliers and other stakeholders to create a database of information on products’ lifecycle. The last phases will involve creation of a Simple Too
The confessions of Augustine is an autobiographical work of St. Augustine of Hippo which consists of thirteen books. St. Augustine of Hippo was a bishop and a philosopher whose writings had a lot of influence in the development of modern Christianity. The work describes Augustine’s sinful youth and his conversion to Christianity. It is the first autobiography ever written in the modern world and it has had a great influence on the modern Christian writers for the last one thousand years (Chadwick 25). It is not a complete autobiography but it provides the most complete record of the life of any single person from the forth and fifth centuries. It is theological in nature and Augustine writes about how much he regrets being a sinner and being immoral Analysis Augustine gave the autobiography this specific title to show that the work would take two aspects. During the time that Augustine lived, confessions meant both to give an account of one’s mistakes and wrongs to God and also to speak one’s love for God. These two aspects are clearly brought out in the confessions. Augustine believes that by him narrating his change from sinfulness to faithfulness, he does not only give his readers a practical edification but he also believes that the narrative is itself a story of the greatness of God and the love that all things have
Introduction The Company A that produces engine components for heavy-duty trucks can try to enter Japanese market because this country has a great industrial capacity. Moreover, various companies may be interesting in purchasing the spare parts that improve the work of truck engines. By establishing its reputation in this country, the Company A can significantly increase its revenues. However, the marketing strategies of this organization should take into account the values, perceptions, and behavior of Japanese customers in order to succeed. To a great extent, they are determined the culture of this country. This American company should be aware of possible differences in order to gain trust and loyalty of the local clients. Cross-cultural issues and their impact on the marketing approach There are several cross-cultural issues that may affect the Company A’s marketing strategies. One of them is the attitude toward quality and price. The thing is that for many Japanese buyers, the perceived value of a product is the main determinant of its success or failure (Herbig, 1998, p. 206). Advertisements should demonstrate what kind of benefits a product can create for clients. Such an aspect as the price should not be emphasized. More importantly the reduction of the price can be associated with poor quality of the product (Herbig, 1998, p. 206). Such an interpretation can ruin the reputation of any business, especially if it is a company that manufactures components for truck engines. Thus, the marketing strategy of the Company A should focus on the features of the product such as reliability or safety, rather than the price. Furthermore, they can mention that their products can save much money for their clients, but they should say that their engine components are cheaper than those ones manufactured by their competitors. Certainly, one cannot say that Japanese customers complete neglect such a factor as price. They can compare prices when choosing among similar products. Yet, they can become suspicious when a company places too much emphasis on price in order to differentiate their products or services among others. In this way, a company may easily lose competitive advantage to other firms. Hence, this is one of the dangers that the management of the Company A should be aware of. Another issue that can influence the marketing approach is the attitude toward buyers and sellers. In Japanese culture selling is not perceived as a highly respected activity (Herbig, 1998, p. 161). To some degree, this opinion can be explained by the ideology of Confucius who believed that merchants represented the lowest classes of society (Herbig, 1998, p. 161). Surely, one can disagree with this argument but it still affects the relationship between buyers and sellers. Sales people are supposed the serve customers without trying to dictate their terms. So, in Japan, buyers occ
Theme parks have emerged as one of the most crucial factors for boosting tourism. To capitalize on this development, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been exploring opportunities to create one of the largest hubs for this type of entertainment. Bhavani and Khan (2020) state that “accessibility was one of the main drivers for UAE theme park development” (p. 3). By exploiting its growing number of international travelers, the UAE was provided with many opportunities to expand its tourism sector (Bhavani & Khan, 2020). Theme parks rely heavily on local infrastructures, such as hotels, shopping malls, and public transport, which were already present in Dubai by the time the major projects began to take shape (Bhavani & Khan, 2020). Thus, the success of this initiative was partially related to the fulfilled preconditions due to Dubai’s role in international travel and tourism. The government played a vital role in the success of the theme parks in the UAE. Yas et al. (2020) state that “the government of Dubai has planned to maximize and maintain the circulation of foreign investment through tourism” (p. 601). This initiative provided new investors with an incentive to put their capital into local businesses, and the rapidly expanding tourism industry provided an excellent opportunity for it. The UAE government also implemented policies that directed the stream of business visitors into the local entertainment facilities by providing free transit visas (Bhavani & Khan, 2020). This growth of theme parks continues to provide a significant source of investment and boosts the country’s economy. Challenges of IMG Worlds of Adventure Despite all the efforts put into this industry, there are significant challenges companies have to resolve to become profitable. The market for entertainment of this type is highly competitive, as its nature involves worldwide competition, and some of the competitors, such as Orlando theme parks, are difficult to outperform (Bhavani & Khan, 2020). IMG Worlds of Adventure, one of the largest indoor theme parks, has been opened in 2016 and, since then, constantly aims to reach new heights in both revenue and the number of annual visitors (Bhavani & Khan, 2020). As the company was unable to attain the impressive goals it has set for itself, IMG WoA continues to actively develop new competitive strategies. The theme parks market is a major industry with numerous highly competitive players across the globe. Bodolica et al. (2020) state that “China is considered as a major UAE competitor in the hospitality industry” with the current growth rates exceeding other countries (p. 329).