ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Background Excavation is one of the most important aspects of construction. It is almost impossible to have a construction process that does not involve excavation, especially at the initial stages. However, Morgan (56) notes that many accidents and incidents have been reported at excavation sites in the recent times, making it necessary to investigate how the issue can be addressed. People have lost arms, fingers, eyes, and other parts of the body while working at the excavation sites. Many have developed permanent disabilities at these sites because of these accidents. The unlucky victims have perished at such sites, the fact that is causing concern to the public in this country. It is a fact that construction processes will not come to a halt in the United States because of these accidents. Construction has to continue despite these accidents. For this to happen, we must have people working at the excavation sites. Turner (42) says that in order to have people working at these sites, it is important to have measures that will ensure they are protected from these accidents. The government of the United States has come up with measures that are meant to ensure that workers at the excavation sites are protected by the law. Through the Department of Labor, the government came up with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as an institution that sets and implements the occupational safety issues at places such as the excavation sites. In this case study, the researcher will examine why excavation sites are considered problematic in construction. Research questions When conducting a study, research questions play a very important role. They define the kind of data a researcher will be looking for in the field. Research questions help to define the data which is specifically needed to address various parts of the study. This way, a researcher will not waste time collecting the data that is irrelevant to the research topic. In this study, the following is the main research question in this study.   * Why are excavations a problem in construction? As stated above, the primary concern for the researcher is to determine why excavations are posing serious problems in the construction industry. In order to respond to this question, the researcher developed the following supportive questions to help in the actual process of collecting data.   * How many workers die every year at excavation sites?   * What does OSHA say about the excavations?   * What are the standards and how are they enforced?   * What do workers need to know? The researcher will use these questions to collect data from literatures in order to determine why excavation is still considered a major probl
Government policies that support renewable energy development Bolinger & Poter (2010, p.4) argue that there are several barriers such as subsides for conventional forms of energy, financing risks and technology prejudice which hinder the development process of renewable energy. To overcome these barriers the government has put in place various regulations and policies to facilitate the development of renewable energy (Sawin, 2001, p.4). This essay seeks to explain government policies and regulations that support the development of renewable energy. Trade control (rates and incentives) Price settling policy mitigates costs and price related barriers by providing favorable pricing rules for renewable energy as opposed to other sources of power generation. This means that the quantity of investment obtained is unspecified, but the price is identified in advance. On the other hand, quantity-forcing policy authorizes the percentage of quantity to be supplied from renewable energy at an undetermined price (Sawin, 2001, p.5). Tax relief Tax relief policies are offered to promote the development of renewable energy in states like Japan, United States, Europe and other countries. In states where tax relief is common, the state and federal tax policies address issues related to energy production, renewable fuels, accelerated depreciation and property investment (Bleyl, & Eikmeier, 2009, p.4). Environmental safety Rader, (2012, p.6) & Dunn (2009, p.4) argue that policies that reduce power plant emissions such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen and its components have the ability to affect the development of renewable energy. The government has established policies like green house gas mitigating policy to reduce power plant emissions in order to promote the development of renewable energy. The greenhouse gas action plan of the New Jersey was designed to capture methane gas in order to enhance the generation of power in order to avoid the emissions of methane gas into the atmosphere (Wiser & Milford, 2008, p.8). Intellectual property law The intellectual property law is established to protect the strength and intellect of scientific expertise across the various technical areas that are essential to renewable energy. The government provides a full range of intellectual property services to the expertise in the renewable energy sector (Bolinger & Poter, 2010, p.6). Environmental law Boonekamp & Vethman (2010, p.7) say that this is one the laws in the energy sector that stipulate the legal transactions that support the development of renewable energy. Environmental law provides legislative instruments that encourage the growth of renewable energy. This law issues policies such as the greenhouse gas policy which promotes a safe environment for both human beings and other living creatures. The law offers other policies that regulate air pollution, land use and other policies that ensure quality ground and surface water. The law is in place to ensure proper installation of renewable energy technology by the project developers (United Nations Environment Program, 2010, p.10). Import restrictions Import restrictions are specific limi
Decision making is an important element in running organizations. Everything that takes place in organizations is influenced by decision making processes which are conducted by the top employees such as chief executive officers, directors, managers and head of departments. Some decisions are easier to make than others due to their uniqueness. For example, some are made by single individuals while others involve more than one individual (Koller, 2005). Those which involve several individuals are characterized by consultations which must take place in order for the parties to reach agreements. This usually happens in order to ensure that the operations of organizations are not affected by the processes. Major decisions in organizations require the parties involved in the processes to conduct prior research to identify which are affected because decisions have both merits and demerits (Chapman, 2010). In order to handle difficult decision making processes that touch on employee relations in organizations, certain criteria are followed. By doing this, all potential problems associated with the d
General education courses make a crucial part of a well-rounded schooling and, therefore, all universities and colleges must incorporate the courses in the curriculum. General courses include “basic science and math courses, basic literature and writing, and basic arts like music and drama” (Kolby 580). Although some learners regard these courses as a useless divergence from their preferred areas of specialization, they offer learners a more enhanced education, than they would attain from only taking classes in their areas of specialization. This paper argues that the general education course gives learners a chance to identify with diverse people meet the requirements of the interdisciplinary world and realize their preferences. First, general education courses enable learners to become well-rounded (Kolby 580). This happens due to the knowledge that students obtain from various disciplines, which form the general course. Graduates, from colleges and universities acquire information from different disciplines, which facilitates meaningful interactions and associations with the diverse people they are likely to meet. Thus, general education courses enable learners to take part in diverse roles, in this versatile world. Also, general education enables one to relate well with others as an employee, a parent, spouse or citizen. It generates lawyers, scientists, businesspeople, medical experts, teachers, and law executors, who are conversant with various elements of human contemplation, and have refined the skills of creative and critical thinking. The drift towards thin specialization at the cost of a general education ignores such aspects. Second, general education courses equip learners with critical thinking skills, which guide them through the democratic process and other processes that require substantial reasoning (Bessick 9). After taking general education graduates are able take part in the process of election based on sound judgment, rather than voting politicians who try to employ irrational arguments to influence electorates. A firm background in humanities, sciences and the arts aid in making people t make the right voting decisions. Although, a graduate may fail to recall all that he/she learnt from a psychology, philosophy or physics class, the critical thinking skills that one acquired during the study of general courses can not be deleted. Such skills enable graduates not to be at the mercy of the subtle exploitation, which may be employed by various advertisers. Also, through the use of critical thinking, the general courses enable learners to enhance their techniques of problem solving. This implies that such learners are able to assume managerial respon
Introduction Spent caustics are hazardous to human health and environment. It is therefore quite necessary that they be disposed in an acceptable manner. There are several ways of minimizing production of spent caustics. These include regeneration and disposal, among others. However, it is quite vital to note that not all spent caustics can be regenerated. This makes it necessary to explore other ways of disposal that does not affect the environment. Over the years, various researches have been conducted on technologies for disposing or regenerating spent caustics. These include Merichem’s REGEN technology, gravity separation, and solvent wash as well as TEXOX process, among others. This paper will explore spent caustics, its causes, effect and treatment (Clark, 2011, p. 1). Background Spent caustics can be defined as industrial wastes in caustic solution. This is usually exhausted and therefore is not useful for processing. They compose of potassium or sodium hydroxide, water and other contaminants. It is considered spent when most of sodium or potassium hydroxides are consumed by the contaminants. These are very detrimental to health when disposed carelessly. For instance, disposal of spent caustics in Ivory Coast led to several health ramifications that left a mark to date. Spent caustics are known to be the most problematic of all industrial wastes in terms of disposal. In fact, if radionuclide wastes are put aside spent caustics becomes the toughest to dispose. The solution has been utilized in petroleum industries for many years. This is because they are utilized to wash undesirable compounds from petroleum. These include compounds like sulfur, among others. This shows how important it is in oil industries. However, its disposal is another challenge all together (Clark, 2011, p. 1). Caustic solution is commonly used in oil industries to wash crude oils. This is always extended to immediate fractions as well as finished fuels. In essence, it is utilized throughout the entire process of refining crude oil. When this is done, two outcomes are possible, products and wastes. In this case, the product becomes refined oil while waste is in form of spent caustics. Spent caustics can also be referred to as toxic waste or waste caustics, among others. Some industrial refineries use other sulfur bearing wash such as sour water. This contains sulfur compounds in less quantity than caustic solutions. On the other hand, it is customarily generated in great quantity than caustic solutions. Apart from refining industries, several industries produce spent caustics and sour water. These include geothermal, (methane) Natural gas, (liquefied petroleum gas) LPG industries, among others that manufacture chemicals. It is of great importance to note that chemical manufacturing industries usually give up toxic wastes with specific compound as compared to refining industries (Texas Technology, 2010, p. 1). In this regard, Natural gas and LPG plants are well known to produce spent caustics containing potassium hydroxide. On the other hand, other sources are predominant in producing sodium
In this article, Lucas Torres (2009) examines the perceptions of Latino adults. In particular, the author focuses on their views on intercultural competencies that are critical for success in the American society. The scholar adopts the mixed method approach to the collection and analysis of data. The first phase of this research includes a qualitative study during which semi-structured interviews were carried out (Torres, 2009, p. 580). The second stage incorporates cultural consensus analysis which is based on the quantitative methodology (Torres, 2009, p. 581). These are the main steps involved in the study. Overall, the research is premised on the theoretical assumption according to which there is a set of cultural competences or skills that enable a person to integrate into a foreign society (Torres, 2009, p. 577). To some degree, they can be viewed as the pre-requisites for successful adaption. Moreover, they strengthen a person’s resilience to various stressors. In turn, on should examine how these competencies are applicable to Latino population. At first, the researcher relies on such a method as the semi-structured interview. In particular, the respondents were asked to discuss the main qualities that could important for effective integration in the new community; later, these responses were codified. Moreover, the researcher identifies a list of skills that help Latino immigrants. During the third stage, the scholar carries out the quantitative survey. In particular, the respondents were ask
Introduction The gilded age was maybe the cradle of capitalism with its problems and opportunities, wealth and poverty, the growth of the economy, and social issues. There seems to be no agreement on whether this period and its main actors were positive or negative events of American history. It appears that almost any era and its historical figures have brought something of value to the development of many spheres of life. The American Dream as Rockefeller, Carnegie, Morgan, and others saw it and forged it to be seen by others contributed meaningfully to the values of the American people and the priorities of a nation. Due to these considerations, the stories of American tycoons were not entirely stories of greed and ego or genius and hard work, but rather an interplay of those concepts where the first two were prevalent. The Financial and Economic Genius of Tycoons In modern times, the number of large-scale corporations is significantly smaller than that of small businesses. The reason for that is that organization of a business structure that incorporates lots of suppliers, contractors, workers, materials, financial and legal issues is a non-trivial task. A venture like that requires exceptional business skills, vision, knowledge, and talent. However, there is a thin line between a true financial genius and a skillful negotiator. The art of negotiation was probably one of the most significant qualities that helped many of the financial and industrial magnates. For instance, Morgan used to have many connections to major railroad figures, members of Congress, and Senate manipulating whom he achieved his own goals (“J. Pierpont Morgan”). Yet, it seems that there is no genius involved and many others had connections and friendly ties to higher layers of the banking world. Manipulation is certainly a way to overcome struggle, but in comparison to other solutions, it seems easier. Buying out other firms to create a steel monopoly and increase profit by underpaying his workers was easier than organizing a series of effective factories that would profit because of smart managerial decisions (“America’s Gilded Age: Robber Barons and Captains of Industry.”). Thus, the negotiation was certainly helping, but there was no need to be a genius manipulator to offer a large sum of money to buy one’s competitors. On the other hand, Henry Ford managed to bring his company to prosperity by sustaining innovation and making bold decisions that could be attributed to his genius managerial skills. The invention of a conveyor belt, implementation of an 8-hour working day made him the king of the auto industry in the Gilded Age and beyond. Using leverage and connections to thrive and avoid competition seems easier than emerging victorious in a competitive war. Hard Work Morris
Introduction Nowadays, it became quite clear to just about anyone that Globalization does not only affect the mechanics of organizational processes but that it also calls for the reassessment of these processes’ discursive premise – specifically, in regards to the currently deployed leadership-practices. The reason for this is that the process of Globalization results in the accumulation of more and more evidence that it is specifically the systemic approach to leadership, which should be considered circumstantially appropriate (Bremmer 2014). This simply could not be otherwise – as the realities of post-industrial living indicate, the overall quality of a particular organization is much more than the sum of the qualities of its integral parts. Consequently, this implies that, in order to be an effective (global) leader
Abstract This project has been implemented in order to raise the satisfaction rates of in-hospital patients. Much attention will be paid to the needs of people who strongly depend on the assistance of nurses. In order to gather relevant information, I studies several peer-reviewed articles. These sources were taken from EBSCOhost database. Some of the sources were not chosen because they were not directly related to the use of hourly rounds . Moreover, the preference was given to quantitative studies, rather than qualitative ones. Overall, the authors concur that hourly rounds are critical for increasing patients’ satisfaction with the treatment that they receive. Furthermore, this practice is important for minimizing the risks of adverse events such as patients’ falls or inability to provide timely assistance to patients. Possible barriers to the implementation of this project can be explained by budget limitations. Its implementation is based on the use of Stetler Model which is important for introducing innovations. Introduction This project is aimed at introducing an hourly rounding schedule for nurses as well as unlicensed personnel. Moreover, it is necessary to measure the effects of this innovation on the satisfaction of patients. This proposal is based on the use of Stetler Model which is helpful for describing the implementation of innovative practices. This paper will include a literature review showing that the suggestions included in this paper are based on empirical evidence. Additionally, it is necessary to provide the description of the implementation process. Literature review Preparation The first phase of Stetler Model is preparation which implies that it is necessary to identify the purpose for consulting empirical evidence. In this case, one should speak about the need to improve the quality of services that the hospital provides to in-hospital patients. Additionally, it is vital to find ways of reducing the risk faced by people who are highly dependent on the assistance of nurses and other medical workers. Validation Overall, researchers speak ab
This is a project that has been erected in one of the most isolated places in the universe. The plant is placed on the edge of the Rub al-Khali desert. The project was erected within six months before the allocated time. The project was completed with a 27 percent under budget. To achieve the project, well known project management processes and methodologies were applied (Haynes, 2004). Several factors were used to measure the performance of the project. These factors included cost, and schedule. Also, quality and safety were used to measure the performance of the project (Haynes, 2004). The gas plant has been designed in such away to expand the processing capacity of the plant in the region. This is to enable it to meet the increasing demand for the natural gas. The gas plant has an intake capacity of 1.6 billion standard cubic feet every day. Also, the sales rate ranges from 1.5 cubic feet every day. These figures are high above the prevailing plants in the region. Compared with other projects the Haradh is a new generation plant. It receives a sweeter and non-associated gas mixture. This gas mixture has the capability to produce large amounts of hydrocarbon condensate. This is with comparison with other plants that process only gas streams that are sour (Haynes, 2004). The design of the Haradh gas plant is different from those in existence. In one way, the difference arises in the use of methydiethanolamine. This is used during the treatment of the gas. Also, the other difference occurs due to the incorporation of the high integrity protection systems. The systems are used are used in the flare system of the plant. Finally there is the use of hydrocarbons thermal oxidizers. The thermal oxidizers are used to destroy the pollutants from the effluent gas. The designs were taken into consideration so as to cater for the environmental health. Also, the designs were geared towards reducing the energy consumption. In addition the design aimed at reducing the capital cost. The integration of the new technology could interfere with the working program of the project. To avoid this from taking place the project team froze the design after a period of three months. The freezing process resulted to no loss or damage. Costs were controlled during this process. This was through changing the order rate. The management was able to point out and prevent problems in advance. Also the managers concentrated on creating required work-around. In addition the managers were able to concentrate on the contingency plans (Haynes, 2004). The procuring company uses a contracting philosophy of a lump-sum turnkey. This ensures that those given the contracts can work with the novated equipments. They had a strategy of using one set of contractor in this project. This was to ensure that only one control system for the plant was installed. Novation has the advantage of eliminating long lead times (Haynes, 2004). The contractor took a risk and reduced the procurement time. Besides this novation has enabled associated engineering activities to take of