ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Obesity is a condition where an adult gains a body mass index that is 30kg/m 2 and above. This condition results when the energy consumed by an individual exceeds its expenditure. In the modern world, the condition is affecting both adults and children. It has been proved that obesity is brought about by factors that influence energy consumption such as genetics, environment, behavior, and culture among others. Numerous researchers have noted that about a third of the population living in the USA is suffering from obesity. There is a noted increasing rate of about three times in children than in adults. The repercussions resulting from the condition include increased health costs that has accounted for about 25-percent of the overall expenditure in medical facilities. The effects of obesity include the amplified risks of diabetes type 2, cardiovascular problems, stroke, and cancer among others. The management of obesity requires various interventions and models that encompass the involvement of everybody in the community. The coalition that is formed must ensure that the relevant individuals are targeted at both personal and community levels. This objective can be accomplished through the collaboration of the organizations and relevant stakeholders. The chosen model must provide a basis of prevention at the community level by guiding the implementation of elaborated ways that curb factors contributing to higher energy consumption. Yakima Community Yakima County is an agricultural based area in eastern Washington. It has been one of the fattest regions in the USA as per the 2008 statistics (US Census Bureau, 2011). The data provided by the Washington State Department of Health indicate that about 29 percent of the population living in Yakima is obese while the overweight individuals account for about 36 percent. About 22 percent of the population lives below the poverty level (US Census Bureau, 2011). Obesity, especially in children, is a major problem in this region. It accounts for about 30 and 35 percent among children in the eighth and tenth grade categories respectively (Washington State Department of Health, 2011). The health facilities that are located in the area comprise six locally community-owned clinics and the Yakima Health District (YHD) among others. These health centers are striving to provide community based education on healthcare services to promote the prevention of diseases including obesity (US Census Bureau, 2011). Individuals, Agencies, and other Stakeholders identifies to form the Coalition The coalition will be created by assessing the community needs to establish the cause of the intensifying problem. It will involve the selection of various representatives that will serve as specialists at the community assessment levels. The specialists will help in spearheading the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Other agencies that will be invited to be part of the c
Introduction The benefits of the internet cannot be underestimated. Many people are presently transforming their lifestyles through the power of information technology. When people have access to information, they are usually empowered and find it easier to realize their objectives (Jackson par. 5). The number of people using the internet has increased significantly within the past two decades. However, many people who have access to the internet are rich in urban areas. The problem is even worse in the developing world. Internet coverage in rural areas is still low. A powerful strategy aimed at improving the level of internet access in rural areas across the world can transform peoples’ lives. The current problem Many technology companies believe strongly that “information is power” (Jackson par. 3). Some of these companies have been focusing on the best measures to provide free internet as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) agendas. Most of these firms are targeting different rural parts across the world. This move has been embraced by many people because it has the potential to transform the lives of citizens in underdeveloped communities. The main problem is that some nations have been against the proposal to provide free internet in rural regions. A good example of these countries is India. The government of India restricts different technological companies from operating in the country. Similar issues have been experienced in other countries such as North Korea, China, and Kazakhstan (West 4). Why it is a problem The above issue is a major problem because the internet is a powerful tool that can empower people across the globe. It is agreeable that many companies are ready to ensure the remotest parts of the world have free internet access. Since such regions are characterized by poor living conditions and social problems, the targeted people will be able to acquire useful information from the internet. Consequently, the acquired information can be used to start small businesses, engage in positive lifestyles, eat balanced diets, and overcome various social challenges (West 12). Unfortunately, some countries have restricted various companies from providing free internet to people in rural regions. This remains a major problem because the companies cannot implement their CSR programs successfully. This issue makes it impossible for many citizens in marginalized parts of the globe to realize their goals (Roy 99). Unless there is a powerful strategy to support these CSR programs, many firms will be unable to deal with the problem. Background of the problem Media censorship is something that has been undertaken by governments for many years. The issue of internet censorship borrows “a lot from the prohibition of traditional media such as books, music, newspapers, films, and radio pro
Introduction Leadership is an important concept because it affects operations such as safety in a healthcare system. It can be defined as the ability of an individual to inspire others to attain set goals (Keats, 2019). In addition, leaders help ensure that activities run effectively during care. For instance, nurse leaders can handle workplace incivility and conflict among staff. Workplace incivility is among the challenges that affect the provision of quality care to patients. However, safety is a situation where one is free from harm. Therefore, it enables nurses to apply safety initiatives to achieve safety standards required during care. Identification of Leadership Leadership plays an integral role in the performance of an organization. It is defined as leading a group of people towards achieving a given objective (Keats, 2019). For example, leaders help solve disputes among health professionals or between patients and providers. They also assist in eliminating instances of workplace incivility such as bullying, biases, and other negative emotional responses (Keats, 2019). In addition, leaders ensure that followers can work in teams and acquire appropriate communication skills. As a result, leaders ensure that an organization runs effectively. Appraisal of Leadership Leadership appraisal is an evaluation that consists of capabilities and traits. Firstly, leaders should be role models or an example to their followers. The followers should learn through them (Becker et al., 2019). For instance, leaders should effectively solve disputes professionally. Secondly, they should guide the followers on the right path, especially in teamwork. Thirdly, leaders should communicate effectively and make sure they listen and respond appropriately. Thus, a high score in the evaluation is determined by the leadership capabilities a leader displays. Identification of Safety Safety is an important aspect of healthcare because it affects care outcomes. By definition, safety is a state of being free from any harm or danger. It can be the safety of patients or healthcare providers in a setting (Trinchero et al., 2019). It makes sure that providers’ actions, such as diagnosis and treatment, are free from errors. Safety also assists in the creation of a conducive working environment for providers. For instance, working in a clean environment ensures that nurses are free from harm that could be caused when they stay in unclean surroundings. Thus, the overall outcome of safety in a healthcare setting is providers delivering quality healthcare services to patients. Appraisal of Safety Safety appraisal involves aspects used t
Abstract: The Millennium Development Goals are eight goals set by the United Nations Millennium Summit set to be achieved by 2015, to overcome the main development challenges of the world. Of these, the third goal is the one regarding gender equality and empowerment of women. My studies show that women are truly suffering the world over in various ways. They are not given proper education, health care and face discrimination in the workplace, and suffer violence at home. The Millennium Goals are aimed at various development challenges in the world but according to various scholars, women empowerment and gender equality are the ones that can impact all other challenges as well. For example, poverty reduction can happen only with women empowerment. Towards achieving this goal, there are seven strategies to be followed to reach the goal and four indicators used to measure the progress. The four indicators are education, employment, literacy, and political participation all of which can be boiled down to one indicator: education. By educating women, they can be made employable, literate, and able to stand on political grounds. Thus, the education of women is truly the main priority of this goal. It has been part of the plan that most of the targets had to be reached by 2005. However, the world still lags in its pursuit of the third MDG. Women continue to suffer in different ways in different parts of the world. They need to be rescued from domestic violence and also from environment-induced problems such as carrying water and roaming for fuel. Overall, it has been found and I to agree, that education, employment, and political participation do strengthen the cause of women but what can bring about true women emp
David Chung is a young manager who believes in giving others the freedom to discover their talents, and thus reach their heights. In addition, he believes that everybody has a goal in life and will try to achieve the goal if given the opportunity. Therefore, he applies the goal-setting theory of employee motivation. This theory argues that the ultimate aim of every individual is to achieve a clear and specific goal (Miner, 2012). On the other hand, John Lim is a relatively old guy with experience in management having held the position of a manager for a long time. He believes that employees need a favorable working environment in order to maximize their output. Using Herzberg’s two-factor theory, he oversaw implementation of the working processes to the expectations of employees. On the same note, David believes that for good result from employees the urge to stop working must be reduced. Utilizing the theory of self-determination, David believes his employees will always know the best way they can execute their duties to increase output (Beck, 2004). On the contrary, John does not believe in too much freedom and thus wants work to be accomplished as per the laid down rules. He, therefore, applies goal setting theory of motivation in his management style. This is the reason why employees under him can stay behind to complete their work. According to the goal setting theory, specific and challenging goals have a high influence on performance (Robbins & Judge, 2012). McClelland’s need theory of motivation argues that for employees to be intrinsically motivated, the working structure should meet their major need. David recognizes that the main need of the technical team is freedom in their mode of work and therefore decides to ensure they have it. Additionally, he puts into practice the Self efficacy theory by ensuring that employees are in control of their actions (Hoffmann, 2007). John on the other hand values progress that is procedural. As a result, he applies the Expectation theory where he exhorts his employees to finish the work of the day before going home to avoid a lot of work the following day (Meyer, 2005). Employees want to have freedom when executing their duties because they feel witch hunted if employers trail them. Duties that require creativity are the most difficult to perform especially when the employer monitors every move of the employees. Therefore, I would really love to work under David because he gives employees all the freedom to be creative and thus increase their contribution to the organization. However, paperwork requires proper and accurate filling for easy future reference. On the same note, if employees are given excess freedom they might misuse the assets of the firm. In this regard, John is the best manager to work under because he will make one responsible. It is important to note that it cannot be conclusively said that one managerial style is better than the other because it is results that matter in the end (Jelencic, 2011). JollyGroupBuy needs both the technical department and the
In an article written by David De Cremer and Henri-Claude de Bettignies, the business ethics becomes a subject of a thorough analysis in order to determine what are the true moral values of the individuals involved. The conclusions drawn by researchers suggest that business ethics is a pragmatic entity that is inclined towards so-called “gray zones” and is not, in fact, moral or immoral by itself; such connotation is given to it by people’s behavior. This paper explores the argumentation of the article and searches for other examples that might deny or confirm these observations. The morality of business has been a popular topic for a long time. In an article researching the works of Adam Smith, its author, Thomas R. Wells states that “Smith’s economic analysis was thoroughly entangled with a deeply humanistic ethical perspective” and while Smith believed in the potential of economic development and commercial society, he also criticized the political machinations and mercantilism in general” (96). The black-and-white ethical division of business and commerce was a logical continuation of the society ideology at the time. Likewise, we can assume that modern business reflects the views of a socio-cultural environment. Indeed, some researchers speak of the influence of post-modern and post-industrial philosophy on business ethics, for example, Ronald F. Duska, author of the book “Contemporary Reflections on Business Ethics” claims that a researcher of business ethics today cannot just apply the well-known principles, but also evaluate the options and seek to understand all of the perspectives, including the marginalized ones (85). De Cremer and Bettignies speak of a possibility of setting aside one’s moral values when two necessary conditions are present: the legal acceptance of the act and a comfortable degree of self-justification (64-66). This paradox is confirmed by the fact that many people tend to push boundaries when they have an opportunity to do so, and business is a zone of activity in which an ethical framework may experience considerable pressure, and the inner qualities of a person in a stressful situation can be clearly underlined. Another interesting analysis of ethical decisions among members of different generations shows that the modern young workers, also known as the millennial generation, are more likely to use deontological approach in business ethics decision-making, however they also use a variety of ethical frameworks that depend on a
Waterfall Model The waterfall model implies a software development process that is structured and organized with the help of certain phases. Every level that improves products’ quality before selling them to clients will be listed below:   * Requirements. This level identifies various standards that should be considered by developers during the process of software coding.   * Analysis. All information is supposed to be evaluated on this stage with the help of different visual aids, tables, models, and so on.   * Design. Determining such factors as appearance and primary functions of the final product.   * Coding. Developers are supposed to write codes to make the technical parts and interfaces of software items work without any limitations.   * Testing. Particular defects must be eliminated and fixed at this stage.   * Operations. Installing, selling, and providing support to customers who use developed programs. To illustrate the work of the model discussed above, it would be proper to give an example of the communication program development. Requirements should include the system users’ abilities to make records and contact their colleagues, friends, family members, and so on. The final document must be written in two weeks. Next, all the problems and issues that might emerge during the creation process are discussed and resolved. When all the purposes are explicit, designers work on the presentation of the final product approximately for three weeks, whereas computer engineers are responsible for its technical part. At the closing stage, the communication program should be tested by people not involved in its production to determine some defects or issues. After that, the product may be released. Spiral Model The spiral model invented by Barry Boehm in 1986 opened many opportunities for computer engineers in the process of software development. This workflow scheme contains both iterative and consecutive stages. This methodology is very helpful for determining as many mistakes in a final product as possible. Such control makes all the clients satisfied with the technical part and responsiveness of a certain software item. Also, Boehm outlined the most common risks that should be addressed at the first stage of product creation. The programmer suggests that all terms, finances, and developers’ skills should be evaluated with accuracy to avoid common misunderstandings among the working team’s members. For instance, when creating an Internet browser, employees of an IT company should follow the four sectors of the spiral scheme (setting goals, evaluating and eliminating ri
Project The ethical standards violated In the first case involving a senior executive and her spouse, the executive failed to disclose her conflict of interest to the company. A conflict of interest occurs when personal employee interests interfere with the best interests of the company as well as the performance of duties by an employee. It is a requirement for all employees to disclose their conflict of interest to the company in a written document and submit it to the human resource manager (Koehn, 2002, p. 226). The manager avails this information to the management/board of directors before carrying out any transaction or activity that the employee in question is affected. In this case, the executive’s spouse had not disclosed her financial interest in Government Allies hence a violation of business ethics. Consequently, she strongly advocated for the acquisition of the Government Allies. She was also deceiving the ECG fraternity since her efforts were not entirely for the interest of the company but also for her gain since the management was not aware of her ‘hidden agenda’. In dealing with this case, the leadership and the Ethics Review Committee may choose one of the following two options: one, they may terminate her service to the company because she was not honest in availing her details to the management. Honesty is an essential aspect for all employees in a company. The other option would be for the employee to sign a Conflict of Interest form disclosing any potential conflict of interest to avoid
Despite capitalism dominating business environment across the globe, China has managed to hold firm on the Marxist-communist foundation and has struck a balance between the science of politics and communist business system (Deer and Song, 2012). The manufacturing industry in China has unlimited potential for expansion. Within business organization and practice, labour is vital especially in balancing over head cost of doing business. Reflectively, existence of abundant, cheap, and sustainable labour supply gives the Bearing & Boodles business an upper hand in the competitive Chinese market and ensures its sustainability in the long run. China has a skilled pool of cheap labour. This aspect is attractive for the company in doing business within its territories (Deer and Song, 2012). The population of China is ethically aligned and appreciates the essence of commitment and hard work towards achieving optimal output. Professionalism and competitive work ethics have been internalised in the Chinese labour market. There are millions of graduates who are available to offer skills to any business activity. In order to gain from this comparative advantage, doing business in China saves resources that
It has recently been a year since the event that must have shown even those who claim that racism does not exist that it does. What happened on May 25, 2020, made the problem even more obvious than it was in the USA and the world. The death of George Floyd started the Black Lives Matter movement that involved thousands of people in America and other countries. While the movement has good intentions, there are people who find some of its claims too radical. Racism certainly needs to be combated, and some measures have already been taken, but this fight should not turn into something irrational: any great idea or concept, when taken to the extreme, can become absurd. One of the protesters’ main claims has been for the government to change something in the structure of the police force. Their demands include reforms in the law-enforcement strategies, as well as defunding or completely abolishing police. While the latter has not been implemented, some reforms have been. Thus, new police laws limit its use of force and restrict no-knock warrants as well as neck restraints (The New York Times, 2021). According to these laws, officers are also required to intervene when they witness their colleagues using disproportionate force. At the same time, the government is reconsidering the practice that equals “investing in public safety” to “funding armed law enforcement officers” (Vera Institute of Justice, 2021). In Minneapolis, for instance, $8 million has been shifted from the police department to violence prevention and reduction programs, as well as other public services. $12 million was shifted from the Boston police department to investing in “trauma counseling, housing services, and other public health and social service agencies” (Vera Institute of Justice, 2021, para. 4). Although these steps are positive, they are insufficient, and the government has to introduce much more changes to the way the public safety system works. One of the main concerns is the fact that police officers are generally trained to “attack first” (Deutsche Welle, 2021, para. 10). There is more emphasis on officers’ firearm training and self-defense skills than on de-escalation training. It has been estimated that an average police officer in America receives about 60 hours of firearm training and not more than “10 hours of de-escalation training” (Deutsche Welle, 2021, para. 11). This is probably the main reason for police brutality; officers are taught to respond with force to any kind of calls: from criminal activities to calls of the mental health crisis. Therefore, one of the ways to improve this flawed system is through expanded and better de-escalation training programmes. Another side of the racism issue has to do with education and upbringing. Most people become biased not even through personal experience but often because of individuals that surround them and impose their own stereotypes and irrational beliefs. That is why the topics of hostility and discrimination have to be discussed with children at the early stages of their lives. Educators should bring the concern to the classrooms and discuss it openly, engaging even younger st