ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction From the better part of the history of mankind, survival and continuity has always been awarded to the friendship and ties that people create throughout their lives. Such a perception appears true since the benefits of tourism, events and hospitality accrues to the host and the visitors as well. At international level, the benefits have been propagated due to the primacy to foster good friendship between countries and ensure that there is peace and mutual understanding between countries. Major situations in which ties have been created through tourism and hospitality is largely as a result of the rich culture and social aspects of tourism in a region. This paper discusses the sustainability of the CN Tower as a tourism site in Toronto from the perspective of socio-cultural sustainability. The analysis explores the cultural aspects, products, relationship between tourism and the people, and the effect of different tourism changes on the social and cultural environment in Toronto. Description of chosen site The CN Tower is the tallest tower in the region of Downtown Toronto. The centre is known for its unique observation rooms at the top. For the last four decades, the tower has been a Canadian symbol and icon of the city’s skyline. Each year millions of visitors from across the world are attracted by this tower. The tower has a public observation point called SkyPod, series of Canadian restaurants, indoor parks, meeting rooms, and entertainment rooms. The most iconic feature of the tower as a tourism site is the Glass Floor. Each year, millions of tourists across the world visit this site to have an epic view of the city and enjoy Canadian cuisines way up in the sky. The site is opened to the public everyday on a 24 hours basis. The prices that are charged for tourism activities depend on the time, type, and duration of the tourists. Adults pay $28.80, children pay $21.60, and families pay $99 per admission (Goodwin, 2011). The charges are in Canadian dollar. The pictures of the site are attached below. Description and analysis of tourism sustainability The main socio-cultural products at the CN Tower site are LookOut, Glass Floor, High Speed Elevators, SkyPod, Night Lighting, Edge Walk, and Red Rocket. The LookOut product offers tourists a magnificent view of the city and location for taking souvenir photos. The Glass Floor offers tourists opportunity to test their nerve and overcome fear by viewing the ground directly behind the glass floor at 1,122 feet above the ground (Goodwin, 2011). The High Speed Elevators offer tourists the opportunity of experiencing a fast vertical ride while viewing panoramic features of the city. The other products such as Edge Walk, Red Rocket, and Night Lighting offer entertainment satisfaction to tourists. These products are non-t
Introduction Sole ownership is a form of business entity that is owned and operated by one person. Sole ownership, which is also referred to as the sole proprietorship is the operation of the business by an individual. Sole ownerships are easy to establish and run since they require low startup capital. For example, freelance writers, home/healthcare service providers, financial planners, and tutors among others are sole proprietors. A tutor working as a sole proprietor may need skills only in a bid to start a business unlike corporations that need intense funding for capital and expertise. Moreover, even though sole ownership is the cheapest and simplest of all business setups, all responsibilities and liabilities of running the business lie on the owner. This article will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the sole ownership form of business. Advantages of Sole ownership The decision-making process is quick and simple because the owner does not need to consult with other people when making changes. For instance, if the owner decides to end, expand, or move the business, s/he can do it with immediate effect unlike in limited liability companies that have to do a series of consultations with an agreement can be reached (Piper, 2014). The level of privacy is very high because sole ownership involves one person. In addition, registering sole ownership is easy and fast and it does not require complex documentation, thus making it affordable for new businesspersons (Fox, 2014). Most sole proprietors choose businesses that flourish in both good and poor economic periods. For instance, home health care businesses are stable since people will often require such services. The largest number of these establishments takes care of the aged and veterans. Services are mostly basic, such as preparing meals and catering for hygiene needs, and thus they cannot be avoided. Disadvantages of Sole ownership Individuals running sole proprietorships are mainly responsible and liable for anything happening in their businesses. This aspect implies that if the business fails to pay debts, it is faced with court cases, or an accident occurs within the business, creditors can take personal properties such as houses or any other possessions since the business entity is not separated from the owner (Piper, 2014). For instance, Rosemary owns a small publishing company in the US. During times of favorable business prospects, she makes orders worth $ 250,000 of supplies and stock. Unexpectedly, demand for her products declines. When the payday is due and the company that supplied Rosemary demands payment and she cannot comply, as a sole owner, she is liable for this business activity. The creditor can sue her; take her business merchandise, and even personal assets. Sole ownership has limited growth opportunities. Sole ownership is deemed undesirable if fast growth is needed. In a case when the owner dies or becomes incapacitated, the business faces the threat of discontinuity. In addition, this form
Introduction In his book ”the fire that Changes America”, the writer explores the social problems that faced the American people in their social settings. He describes these problems using different illustrations. The writer addresses the social problems faced by both men and women. He has explored how workers are mistreated in their workplace, especially the woman worker. First of all he takes us to a factory set up. That factory attracted so many workers. The working conditions within this factory were unbearable but the workers had no option other than to work under such conditions. Men controlled all unions and political parties apart from owning shops. Women could only wash dishes in the house. The lady Clara Lemlich quotes these words from one of the lady students from the bookI wash the dishes.The writer is trying here to address the issue of inequality that existed between men and women of that time. The men were supposed to work while ladies could take care of household chores. Clara Lemlich and her colleagues are shown struggling to change this archaic tradition. She is to be punished because of her efforts to change this norm (Von Drehle, 2004). The American woman worker The writer clearly brings out the social injustices that the common woman faced in the United States of America. They were seen as unreliable and when they were found competing with men they could be driven out of the industry. But they formed a strong organization to fight for their rights. In the process, most of them found themselves dead. The organization formed by ladies such as Faith Lillian and Addams Jane finally got support from men like William English walling. He assisted in changing the organization of women’s wage workers into trade unions. The union strengthened and its leadership was later passed to women. This solved social injustices that faced the women. Therefore he has addressed social problems well. The writer also brings in a young leader with good governance skills that are Mr. Murphy.This young man ousts all corrupt men in various departments in his district but he is not fully appreciated by all. He gets only the support of his few tribesmen. This is exactly what the all world is facing today. Those coming from small tribes could not get leadership positions despite their qualifications. It takes courage and confidence to fight this problem. He could walk the talk. And do all that he promised and those are the leaders we need (D’Orazio, 2007). Workers Rights violations The author also addresses how rights of workers are violated in his book. Jacob Kline a sewing machine operator and who contracted with the factory on behalf of the workers ends up spending all his dues on workers. Nothing remains for him to support his family, his personal expenditures and other needs for his wellbeing. When he raises the issue he only meets the exit notice. There is no job security since one can be fired without any legal procedures be
Graphic organizers refer to tools of communications that are used to express concepts, information and even knowledge by using symbols, which are visual to give out specific meanings (Dye, 2000). A graphic organizer gives clear meanings by showing how facts, ideas and terms are related to each other. Graphic organizers are mostly used by teachers since they enable students to figure out the relationship and patterns which are not discovered through the provision of visual picture as explained by Dye (2000). The following paper attempts to account for ways of introducing and organizing instructional content through the use of graphic organizers. Through graphic organizers, the students will be able to assimilate key concepts as well as related details. It also provides a copy of the graphic organizer and the set objective used to explain how students will organize specific lesson information for the same and how the graphic designer used is well suited for to the lesson content. In order to enable students identify, organize and assimilate key concepts and related details there is a need to use graphic organizers in introducing and organizing instructional content (Dye, 2000). Before using any graphic organizational there is needed to describe its purpose to enable one know when it is applicable. There are three ways in which graphic organizers can be used to enhance students’ understanding. Firstly, the teacher can decide to use graphic organizers before instructions in order to provide structure of how the new material will be presented while indicating how the ideas are related to each other (Dye, 2000). In order to enable students have a clear view of what the topic will be covering the teacher may decide to introduce a graphic organizer. Graphic organizer is an important tool to use during instructions. This helps students in reorganizing, processing and even separating key important ideas (Dye, 2000). During learning the students take an active role to enable them organize ideas and information having the opportunity of learning from their mistake and correcting them as explained by (Dye, 2000). Since most students have different learning styles each will be able to develop maps that will help them understand the ideas better. Dye (2000) asserts that graphic organizer can also be used after instruction has been given. Most of the students who use graphic organizers tend to do so on the basis of their personal construction through the use of whole information given by the teacher to identify key concepts and organize them. This enables the teacher to know whether the student is able to interpret what they were taught and state in a brief and correct way. They are also able to identify
Problem Representation in Decision-Making There is no need to stress the fact that the angle, from which a problem is viewed, affects the choice of the solution critically. The infamous Cuban Missile Crisis is a graphic example of the representation of the problem going wrong; each side of the conflict being unable to envision the situation from a different perspective, there was no redeemable value in any solution proposed. 1 Herein the secret to the solution of all controversial issues lies: they need to be considered from all points of view that there are. The existing evidence shows that ontology, or the problem representation, defines the strategies adopted to address the issue in question. Decision-Making and the Use of Analogies Despite the undeniable fact that every single conflict is unique and, therefore, requires an original approach, which has been tailored in order to satisfy the demands of specific stakeholder, it would be wrong to deny the significance of analogies. One must keep in mind, though, that analogies should be used with a grain of salt when identifying the correct approach towards a certain dilemma. Using analogies as the key strategy in the decision-making process is also quite a dubious strategy, as at times, analogies may seem rather deceptive: “not all analogies within a person’s repertoire are equal.” 2 Therefore, the only possible way of integrating analogies into the decision-making process is to incorporate all possible scenarios into the design of the solution. Driving a parallel between two specific historical events may seem an opportunity to evaluate the efficacy of a specific approach towards a similar issue, yet it cannot be viewed as the silver bullet to any confrontation period; quite on the contrary, the use of analogies shows that, to attain success in negotiations, one must be flexible enough to tailor a certain strategy to a specific political or social situation and, therefore, design a unique solution based on previous experience. True, an analogy can be utilized as a dependent variable in the analysis of a particular scenario. 3 Nevertheless, any analogy must still be considered as merely an option of viewing the problem from a different perspective, and not an end in itself. The Role of Counterfactual Reasoning in Making a Choice As much as it is necessary to keep the focus on the actual situation and analyze the facts that have been presented, one still has to admit that the use of counterfactual information can also be considered among the most efficient methods of analyzing the past mistakes and learning to avoid them in the future: “Counterfactual reasoning thus seems unavoidable if one wants to study the past.” 4 In other words, the counterfactual ideas provide a different option of viewing the conflict and, therefore, create the premises for a faster location of the existing solution. In many ways, counterfactual data helps attain a compromise even in the situations that s
Introduction Semiotic analysis seeks to expose the underlying message conveyed through the use of a given medium. The aim of studying a picture, symbol or sign, is to provide a more comprehensive perspective on its use in conveying information to a given target audience (Culler 1-12). This analysis will employ semiotics in studying the picture below. It shows an adult male sticking out his hand out of the car while holding a lit cigarette. There is a child in the back seat of the car holding a bottle of water, which he is pouring on the lit cigarette. The formulated thesis simply states, “Smothering Second-hand Smoking”. From the picture, there are three signs used which are:  1. An adult male,  2. Cigarette and water  3. A child Figure 1: The medium. Sign                       Denotative Meaning                                            Connotative Meaning                                                                                                            Male Adult                 Smokers, of which male adults constitute the dominant group.  Leadership role of a man in the family setting, depicting his role as both a mentor and decision maker.                        Cigarette stick and water  Putting out a lit cigarette.                                  Society’s wish for a cigarette smoke-free environment. Public health initiatives to eliminate exposure to second hand smoking. Child                      Innocence, the youth and children.                            Victims of exposure to second-hand cigarette smoking. Also represents the non-smoking masses, especially those under 18 years.  Table1. The three most visible signs in the medium, alongside their denotative as well as the Connotative meaning The three signs identified are effective in conveying the intended message to the target audience. The man holding a lit cigar denotes adult smokers’ population which, according to a recent study by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is dominated by adult males. This is a strong indicator of the intended audience for the message being communicated. The man also brings out the connotation of the leadership role that men, as the majority of current smokers, should play curbing second-hand smoking. The second sign is that of a cigarette stick and water. The water being poured by the child denotes the action of extinguishing the lit cigarette stick. This act is connotative of the various interventions to sensitize the general public on the harmful effects of exposure to second-hand cigarette sm
Introduction To begin with, it is necessary to mention, that the humanity (especially progressive humanity) is living more and more distant from the nature, and from the values of savage rest. Environment is the ecosystem which we occupy and that supports our survival. Human survival depends on the environment, as we get all the necessary natural resources that are used as food, fuel, shelter and others. Therefore, if humanity fails to take care of our ecosystem the life of the plants, animals, and humans will be endangered. Environmentalism is the movement that popularizes the importance of environmental conservation and maintenance. Environmentalists, who support this movement, call for a sustainable management of resources, and protection of the physical environment, as this may be achieved through changes in public policies, which are implemented by the government or local authorities as well as changes in individual behavior. This essay is aimed to address the relations between environmentalism and community planning. Discussion People, who live in urban areas, can not be regarded as people who are out of contact with environment, as their daily activities affect the environment in which they live in. Actually, these contacts happen mainly by visiting forest parks, located within the cities, but unfortunately, increasingly more urban dwellers get to know about the existence of nature only by the means of mass media. It is necessary to emphasize, that some people prefer moving from urban districts, and dwelling somewhere in rural areas. The environmentalist movements start from the urban areas and get to the rural because of radiation, pollution and contamination in these urban areas. Bhatia (2007), arguing on the same point, asserts that ‘the initial plan was to demolish the existing flats in order to pave way for construction of more housing units.’ The new houses were built with the aim that more people would be utilizing the same resources in the environment and this would have asserted more pressure on the ecosystem forcing people to reject it. Relating the issues of health and welfare, it should be emphasized, that the link between health and the place of living is obvious; consequently, people aim to move to cleaner areas, especially if the city is industrial. This forced city planners to come up with better ways of dealing with the matters of planning the cities. For instance, changes in economic and social welfare may cause deterioration of public health infrastructure resulting in emergence of new diseases in the city. The districts are planned to be distant from the plants, factories, airports etc. If there is an opportunity, the green parks are planted in the cities, and the trees along the streets add to the esthetic view, and slightly improve the ecological situation. Environmentalism is determining the future of various fields such as community planning, engineering among others. Environmentalism have g
Introduction The focus on using technologies in the classroom and in the administration process is the main characteristic feature of the modern teaching-learning process because the use of technologies follows the ideas of the modern Constructivist and Pragmatist educational theories (Whitehead, 2013, p. 12). Technologies are discussed as advantageous tools for students to provide them with opportunities to realize their learning potential (Phillips & Olson, 2013, p. 34). In this case, school administrators should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of the followed technology plan regularly in order to revise it according to the changed students’ demands and changes in the administrators and teachers’ goals (Lamb & Johnson, 2011, p. 58; Lawless & Pellegrino, 2007, p. 575). From this point, the technology plan recommended for the Webster School District should be evaluated regarding the appropriateness of the proposed strategies to integrate technologies in the teaching-learning process and to facilitate students’ progress and performance. These papers aim to evaluate the technology intervention’s effectiveness with the focus on the assessment measure and to discuss outcomes and risks of using the recommended evaluation strategy as well as to conclude about the overall plan’s effectiveness. Evaluation Evaluation of the effectiveness of the technology intervention is important because it is based on assessing how proposed interventions can improve students’ performance, facilitate instruction in classrooms, improve independent learning, and enhance interactive teaching and learning. Evaluation is necessary in the process of implementing new technologies in order to discuss terms of the plan’s implementation and its appropriateness to respond to the curriculum and schools’ demands (Rodríguez, Nussbaum, López, & Sepúlveda, 2010, p. 167). It is important to assess how technology intervention addresses the Webster School District’s vision and goals ( Webster School District , 2014). In order to evaluate the technology plan, it is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the technology plan according to the range of criteria, including the correlation of the plan with the school district’s goals; changes in students’ performance; changes in teachers and administrators’ work with multimedia and online systems; and effectiveness of the resources distribution in schools (Whitehead, 2013, p. 231). The second step in this important assessment process is the focus on the terms and proposed timeline developed to address the stated goals (Means, 2010, p. 285; Whitehead, 2013, p. 231). The next step in the assessment process is the proposition of revisions and improvements to change the aspects of the plan according to the school district’s goals. Assessment Measures The recommended assessment method is a survey usually used in the assessment process (Whitehead, 2013, p. 232). The effectiveness of the plan will be measured by teach