ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The model that was used in this research is the group of relatively healthy premenopausal women aged from 18 to 40 both obese (BMI _ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2). The researchers made their classification based on “BMI was given the BMI-based definition of obesity” (Benson 2009, 187). The women who had varied mental conditions such as psychiatric or psychological diagnoses including depression caused by endocrine disorders were not taken to the group of the model to avoid confusing results. In addition, women with such endocrine conditions as “thyroid disorders, and conditions involving androgen disturbances such as the polycystic ovary syndrome, testosterone, SHBG, LH, FSH, estradiol, and prolactin” were also excluded to eliminate every possible laxity in the experiment (Benson 2009, 182). Only women with normal menstrual cycles and not using hormonal contraceptives became the participants of the research. The main criteria of comparison are differences in endocrine parameters including HDL levels and concentrations of hsCRP, heart rate, basal blood pressure, psychological characteristics including depressive symptoms, emotional distress, trait anxiety, chronic stress. The organizers of the experiment aimed to test their hypotheses that obese women will show “significantly more pronounced HPA-axis activation” and “enhanced cellular immune responses when compared to non-obese women” as a response to stress and anxiety (Benson 2009, 187). The study examined 39 women having a general age rate of 31.9 and a weight rate of 17.6 to 49.1 kg/m2(BMI 28.9 _ 1.4 kg/m2). Among them, 15 women were obese with BMI _ 30 kg/m2, and
Introduction Egypt is considered to be one of the Middle Eastern intellectual and cultural leaders. This became a reality due to the country’s relationship with the West and Napoleon’s invasion. In 1979, Anwar Sadat decided to make peace with Israel (Albrecht & Bishara 2011). This arrangement ended up in Arab League banishing Egypt until the late 1980s. Moreover, in 1981, Sadat was murdered by Islamic radicals because he was too active trying to curb their actions. Hosni Mubarak, the new President of Egypt, employed a pacifying tactic, but Islamic extremists went on with their campaigns (Tessler, Jamal & Robbins 2012). They chose tourists and resort areas as the targets of their attacks and started to pursue the Christians of Egypt enthusiastically. Even though Mubarak’s rule was signified by economic growth and overall stability, his reign is considered to be suppressive (Schlumberger & Matzke 2012). Egypt’s law enforcement agency became well-known for its violence, and acts of bribery were common. The current paper is designed to define if there is democracy in Egypt and what are the key factors that undermine its quality. The main objective of this study is to review relevant literature and single out the premises of the collapse of democracy in Egypt. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part concentrates on the theoretical background of democracy and explains the key principles and its advantages and disadvantages for the government. The second part revolves around the historical background of democracy in Egypt. The third part analyses the factors that undermine the quality of democracy in Egypt and is followed by a conclusion based on the studied evidence. Theoretical framework The current section of the paper is intended to provide the reader with an in-depth analysis of the notion of democracy. This step is necessary to address the issues connected to democracy in Egypt in a thorough manner. The author reviews the key principles, advantages, and disadvantages of democracy with the intention of applying those principles to Egypt and evaluating the probable outcomes. Democracy: definition and implications The concept of democracy is rooted in the distant past as it originated in ancient Greece almost 2,500 years ago. While the definition of democracy states that it is up to the citizens when it comes to leading the country, it overlooks important ideas inherent in the democratic state in other countries worldwide (Jones-Parry et al. 2011). Basically, people believe in the prof
Analytical Review The two books illustrate the variations in cultures, infrastructures, and politics between China and the US. From the perceptions of two Americans on a visit to China, the books illustrate the progresses in infrastructure, economic development, and cultural change in China over the last few years. In Chinese Lessons, Pomfret outlines what foreigners in the communist state go through, and details the differences between the American and the Chinese governments (Pomfret, 2006). On the other hand, Country Driving focuses on the Chinese infrastructures, and outlines the major industrial developments realized by their government in the last decade (Hessler, 2010). This paper reviews the two books by focusing on the progress gained by the Chinese government in the last few years. Chinese Lessons Through this book, Pomfret reveals to the readers the cultures and the histories of Chinese people (Pomfret, 2006). By doing so, the author fosters in their minds a remarkable and awful illustration of the Chinese governments in the past, present, and future. The book begins by focusing on the past awful experiences faced by the Nanjing University students in the early 1980s. In one incident, the Chinese government leaders killed one of the country’s scholars for criticizing the government. Through this tragic incident, the author ridicules the communist leaders for their inhuman and barbaric acts. Having been raised in a democratic and civilized nation, the author’s experiences in China were bewildering. Notably, the author was surprised that the international students in China were never allowed to live with the local students. To socialize with them, the author had to engage in social events. Equally, Pomfret was shocked when he realized that the Chinese government had outlawed all sports associated with the Westerners in the country (Pomfret, 2006). Through the above illustrations, the author reveals to the readers how dictatorial and archaic the Chinese government were in the past. By doing so, the author educates the readers on several challenges foreign students may face through their exchange programs. Similarly, through these illustrations the author enlightens the readers about the advantages of capitalist governments over communist governments. By focusing on Guan’s life, the author demonstrates how activists suffered under the communist government for speaking out their mind. Mao had encouraged the Chinese to speak out their minds during the Hundred Flowers Boom movement (Pomfret, 2006). Not knowing the trick behind Mao’s initiatives, those who spoke out their minds were later identified and punished by the ruler. Guan’s father was among those punished for participating in the demonstrati
Internet etiquette (Netiquette) Internet etiquette (Netiquette) are established practices whose main purpose is to make the internet experience pleasant and suitable to all people. It is mainly concerned with issues to do with courtesy in communication over the internet (Miller 3). Netiquette Violation Netiquette violation involves misbehavior or fraudulent behavior among people in the cyber space. It is the unacceptable behavior concerning internet communication and usage (McLaughlin and & Smith 90-11). There are six main netiquette violation. These include flaming,spamming,plagiarism,impersonation,spidering and security violation. Flaming A flame is a message intended to abuse another person through rude ,insulting or offensive language. Flaming is found to all kind of electronic communication. It may be found in social networks such as facebook, instant messaging, emails etc. Example of flaming includes the conversation between Judd Apatow and Mark Brazil (Harper’s Magazine par. 10) These emails contain flames because Mark brazil sends angry messages to Apatow accusing him of stealing his ideas in the past. The email messages are very unfriendly and insulting in some instances. Spamming Spamming involves sending an email meant for a single recipient to many other individuals. It may involve a junk email send to individuals advertising something. Example of spamming include the one sent in December 2000 about ‘IT training. tuition scholarships for college faculty, students and staff” (MIT par. 2) This is a spam because it is addressed to many individuals, who were not meant to receive the email. Plagiarism This mainly deals with purchasing papers or already done assignments and essays from online sources. Plagiarism is a wide concept that involve borrowing an idea of another person or making another person’s ideas look like your own. It may be as a result of incorrectly acknowledging the paper obtained from the online sources. Examples of plagiarism can be seen in the following site (K-State Honor & Integrity System par. 9 ) In this site there are various form of plagiarism including, word for word plagiarism and improper paraphrasing. Impersonation This is when people present themselves in the internet in a way that doesn’t really reflect them properly. It happens when a person uses an identity of another person and involves in communication using real names of another person. For example a student may present him/herself as a lecturer. An example of impersonation is demonstrated by (Krawetz par.1). This is impersonation because people used resumes of others to get employment. However, it was later found that they don’t have the experience indicated in the resume. Spidering This occurs when the key search engines ‘spider’ to dig around all websites in the process of creating their databases. It is also referred to as web crawling. A spider becomes spidering when the search engine aims at downloading pages and keeping them temporarily. An example of spidering includes that of perl progra
Family conflict involves emotional, psychological, physical, or sexual ill-treatment inflicted by an intimate partner or spouse. Wood et al. (2020) explain that domestic violence survivors require access to emotional support and life-saving information to seek justice, navigate the legal system, and heal. This is why family conflict advocates, professionals who provide crucial support to domestic conflict survivors, are essential resources. It is vital to understand the roles and responsibilities of these experts. Domestic conflict advocates assist victims in getting the help needed to cope and move forward. Wood et al. (2020) explain that these survivors need to feel secure and safe after experiencing abuse because they might endure trauma resulting in long-term adverse effects. Therefore, domestic violence advocates become the only confidants for individuals who might have nowhere or nobody to confide in (Wood et al., 2020). Their roles include advising victims of their legal rights, offering support in courts of law, referring survivors to counseling and support groups, and providing economic aid such as housing. Moreover, these advocates help the survivors in communicating to employers, family members, and lawyers. The criminal justice system, police stations, and hospitals might be challenging and confusing to people recovering from violence or abuse (Wood et al., 2020). The advocates step in and accompany the survivors to interviews, court dates, meetings, and appointments when needed. In summary, domestic violence advocates are helpful to family conflict survivors. This is because they assist the victims in making the appropriate decision to protect their interests and safety emotionally, economically, and socially. As a result, there is a minimal possibility that the survivor will suffer long-term adverse effects of the abuse or violence. Family conflict advocates also help the victims to navigate areas such as police stations, hospitals, or the courts of justice. This assists them to productively and safely take the appropriate steps to restructure their lives. Reference Wood, L., Clark, D., Heffron, L. C., & Schrag, R. V. (2020). Voluntary, survivor-centered advocacy in domestic violence agencies. Advances in Social Work, 20(1), 1-21. Web.
Introduction Wall Street film is a well-crafted story giving insights to the kind of morality found in the Wall Street. Oliver Stone sheds light on greed and corruption that dominated the Wall Street. Coincidentally, this masterpiece hit the markets exactly 60 days after the famous stock market crash of 1987. The movie revolves around Bud, a young and ambitious stockbroker who is out to make it big in life. The other character of interest here is Gekko, a corporate raider who knows when to make a move and when to stay put. Gekko happens to be Bud’s hero probably due to his successful history in the stock market. This paper focuses on the moral side of the story not the financial dealings that surround the Wall Street. It focuses on the scene where Bud meets Gekko for business dealings until Bud reevaluates his decision to continue with the dealings that Gekko gets him in. Scene Analysis We meet Bud as the movie opens trying to squeeze his way past a crowded work place in Jackson & Steinham securities firm. Immediately we realize that of late, he has been tirelessly trying to meet Gekko; a smart broker who knows what happens where in the stock markets. It is important to note that Gekko will pursue his selfish ambitions regardless of what happens to other people even if they are his friends. Bud calls Gekko’s office relentlessly for thirty-nine days until he finally secures an appointment. To set things in motion, Bud looks for a gorgeous birthday gift, which he delivers personally to Gekko. Unfortunately, Bud makes the first mistake; he gives some inside information about Bluestar Airlines Company, run by his Carl, his father. This information makes Gekko have some interest in Bud and given the hero that Bud sees in Gekko, a long term strong alliance between the two is inevitable. As anticipated, Gekko takes Bud in and offers him a big opportunity to make good money; however, Bud has to play the game according to rules. Nevertheless, due to his hunger to make it big in life, Bud does not think much of what he has to lose to gain the good life he badly craves. The alliance takes off immediately and Bud spends a lot of time with Gekko; a feat that earns Bud large perks. Bud is now entitled to expensive meals, fat cheques, and even beautiful lass by the name Darien. Bud is so carried away in this flush life that he forgets hustles and bustles of this life. Within no time, Bud becomes a partaker of corporate avarice and corruption. Bud engages in slash-and-burn exploits courtesy of Gekko; this approach to business is more adventurous, thrilling and rewarding than the more principled prosaic business dealings championed by Lou Mannheim; a veteran trader. Life to Bud is at least now bearable for he can afford an up market apartment and take Darien to expensive outings. Nevertheless, there is a price to pay for everything in this life and good things in life are not free. Someone has to either work very hard or deal very hard. Bud chose the latter and soon he
Introduction   * Nurses encounter diversity on the daily basis.   * It requires individual approach.   * There are still clashes between the approach of the western medicine and cultural and religious beliefs of some communities and populations.   * Key: creative problem-solving.   * The Pashtun culture is one of the groups that present a challenge for the nurses and requires individual approach. Throughout their practice, nurses tend to encounter very diverse individuals and groups of the population. Individual approach is the only way that helps nurses achieve successful and effective communication with the diverse patients. However, sometimes, nurses face challenges when working with the individuals and communities whose cultural and religious beliefs clash with those of the Western health care. In such situations, nurses are required to use creative problem-solving and decision-making. This presentation will overview one of such groups – the Pashtun culture and the challenges a nurse may face working with its representatives. Overview of the Pashtun Culture   * Originates in Afghanistan.   * Major ethnic group in the country.   * About 52% of the population.   * At least 50 million people.   * Majority are Sunni Muslims.   * Shi’a Muslims – small minority.   * Have lived on the territory of Afghanistan for hundreds of years (Merrill, Paxson, & Tobey, 2006). The Pashtun culture originates in Afghanistan and is the largest ethnic groups of the Afghan population that represents about 52% of it and includes around 50 million people. The majority of the group are Sunni Muslims; also, a small group adheres to the beliefs and values of Shi’a. Overall, this ethnic group has been dwelling on the territory of the modern Afghanistan for hundreds of years. Unique Care Concerns Environmental factors typical for the areas where the Pashtuns live:   * Poor access to health care services due to geographical location).   * Insufficiency of resources due to the weak state budget and economical situation.   * Poor living conditions – lack of good nutrition and adequate sanitation (The Pashtun Times, 2016). Family Structure   * Big joint families.   * High level of solidarity and unity.   * Collective culture.   * Living in one big group.   * The father is the main authority.   * The mother has her own sphere of influence (household mainly).   * Respect for elders. Joint families of Pashtuns live in large houses. All the family members including the sons who already have families of their own dwell under one roof and under one authority of the father. The elders help make important decisions as the wisest community members. Values   * As a culture, the Pashtuns value independence.   * Proud to be a separate community.   * Complex family tree and authority systems.   * Responsibilities and rights correspond to one’s position in the family tree.   * Respect for parents and elders.   * Manners play an important role (greet
Introduction The health and lifestyle of the people in the US closely relate to the well-being of the nation. The consequences of lifestyle have a major impact upon individual performance and productivity. It was seen that $117 billion is costing for unhealthy eating and physical inactivity in a year in the United States. During 2005, the cost of physical inactivity, obesity and overweight in California was about $28 billion. This mainly affects the productivity of the people and thus causes costs to the employers. Moreover, it worsens the health care environment of the whole world. Journal of Occupation, Environment and Medicine, 1998 has published that overweight and obesity have become critical issues in organizations as they link with productivity at work. Research conducted by the University of Michigan’s Health Management Research Centre has identified eight factors, which lead individuals to lifestyle diseases and reduce productivity. Uncontrolled obesity, lack of physical activity, stress, poor perception of one’s health, smoking, blood pressure, depression, and life and job dissatisfaction are the eight factors that were referred to as eight deadly sins. (For companies, 2009). Several seminars are conducted on health issues of employees and one of the recent seminars has addressed the impact of today’s lifestyle on tomorrow’s workforce. The seminar focused on the issues like obesity, diabetes and alcohol consumption of the employees and the economy. ( Lifestyle Diseases and Employee Health, 2005). As compared to the advertisement cost amounting to $12 million in a year of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, about $650 million are spent by some of the fast-food companies. Health and lifestyle issues are becoming more and more important in the US and we can see it in detail. Background to Lifestyle diseases and obesity in US Lifestyle diseases: When countries become more industrialized, there is an increase in lifestyle diseases also. Lifestyle diseases take years to develop due to the reduction in physical exercise, increased usage of alcohol and smoke and by the way of our life. They are preventable for a long time or could be lowered by changing the lifestyle or by dieting, differentiating it from other diseases. Inappropriate relationship with the environment by the people is the main cause of lifestyle diseases. Even though we say about lifestyle diseases, there is confusion about whether there exist lifestyle diseases. The international variation in cance
Introduction Carrying out an interview may be a challenging task especially if it involves an encounter with an individual from a different culture. The different cultures will influence the kind of communication and the approach that is to be used by the interviewer. However, regardless of the culture, the interview process should be carried out with a lot of confidence. The interviewer should approach the respondent in a mature manner and create some rapport before administering the questions. A brief introduction that includes the interviewer’s identity should be performed to enable the respondent build confidence in the process to be carried out. There is a need for the respondent to be told the purpose of the interview (Banting, 46) and be assured that the information that is to be obtained shall be secured and not used for any other purpose. The interviewer should have developed a set of questions in form of a questionnaire that is to be used to gather information from the respondents. These questions need to be clearly designed so that they do not give the respondent a hard time in providing an answer. While administering the questions, the interviewer should be focused and stick to the order in which the questions are arranged. The respondent may overlap and provide an answer to a question that is to be asked later. This question should be asked a fresh when the right time comes. Besides, during the design of the questionnaires and in the interview process, the interviewer should not ask leading questions that might influence the response towards some direction. In stead, the interviewer needs to be objective and stick to the answers as provided by the respondent (Banting, 46). The interview was performed by a Chinese on an African living in the Diaspora. The interview Interviewer : Can you please tell me something about your childhood and how you grew up? What were your parent’s attitudes about people who are African? Respondent: I was brought up in a family that had my father, mother, grandmother, two brothers, a sister, and two cousins. My grandmother and mother were always at home to provide the necessary guidance and counseling and taught as our native language and culture. Our parents loved both Africans and non-Africans and taught us to adopt the same. They taught us principles of hard work and condemned illegal acquisition of property through theft or any unjustifiable means. Interviewer : What do you think are some stereotypes and mistaken popular images of people who are African? Please explain. Respondent: Africans are wrongly associated with superstitions, laziness, and ignorance and taken to be primitive. Various shows have been developed that portray Africans as having these features. Interviewer : How has being a person who is African affected your self-perception or identity? Respondent: I take pride in being African as it defines my identity. Interviewer : Do you know of anyone who had negative experiences because of bein