ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary The proposed change to the 457 Visa Program is historically progressive. It will benefit the government, the industry players, and workers (both Australian Nationals and temporary immigrants). They will enjoy better treatment and wages. However, the discussion is spiraling into a tug of war full of uninformed rhetoric with dangerous political overtones. Hence, Management Foundations Construction should take decisive steps aimed at calming and assuring its employees. These include team building, workshops, and communication of organizational stands. The risks associated with the program should also inform the CEO of Management Foundations Construction in promoting a stand. The short-term may have disruptions such as industrial actions, but the benefits in the long-term, such as healthy competition in the construction industry, outweigh the disruptions. Introduction Since its inception in 1996, the 457 Visa Program was intended to cure employment scarcity. For a period of five years, the program was also used as a labor-testing tool. In 2001, this was abolished (Junankar, Satya & Wahinda, 2004). Subsequent governments have maintained the 457 Visa Program as it was in 2001 until recently (Hubbard & Tham, 2013). The government seeks to reintroduce the labor-testing clause to the program. The reintroduction is meant to instill fairness in hiring and to remedy a burgeoning unemployment situation. However, the government’s initiative, though pristine in its endeavor, has been dogged with rhetoric. The manner in which the initiative has been politicized is threatening to spiral into a debate about xenophobia and racism. The temporary workers covered in the 457 Visa Program are few compared to other immigrants such as New Zealand nationals and international students (Hubbard & Tham, 2013). Hence, the critics’ standpoint that the government is racist and xenophobic is overblown. It is also true that the government is culpable in politicizing the affair. Understandably, the employment of Australian nationals should be the main concern of the government. It is also true that the government should be concerned with the possibility of misuse of a program whose agenda was to enhance internationally accepted labor standards and practices in Australia (Hubbard & Tham, 2013). However, the manner in which the government is driving this message home is wont to disenfranchise a particular section of the population. The construction industry is particularly culpable. Most of the immigrants under the 457 Visa Program work in the construction sector (Hubbard & Tham, 2013). Figures indicate a growth of over 70% between the ye
The health care field requires professionals to be dedicated to their performance and work with selflessness, and the employees in this field cannot be weak-minded and shortsighted. That is why it is possible to find prominent and inspiring people in this sphere, and one of them is Dr. Margaret Chan. Being a Chinese-Canadian physician, Margaret Chan Fung Fu-Chun was the Director of Health in Hong-Kong (1994-2003), a representative of the WHO Director-General for Pandemic Influenza and the WHO Assistant Director-General for Communicable Diseases (2003–2006). The latest post she occupied is the Director-General of the World Health Organization (2007-2017). The professional life of Dr. Margaret Chan is worth paying attention. Being the Director of Health in Hong-Kong, she established new services on preventative treatment and health promotion. In addition, she advanced incentives on improving surveillance for infectious diseases and response to them. Her actions contributed to amplifying the specialist training in the healthcare field and entering closer cooperation at the local and international level. Moreover, Dr. Margaret Chan established effective control measures concerning breakouts of bird influenza. As the WHO Director-General, she controlled infectious breakouts and response actions (Huet, 2017). She has received two awards, which are the order of the British Empire and the order Healthy Generation , for her achievements. This woman shows a stunning example of achieving success through her personal efforts and interest. Her intention to benefit international society and improve the population’s health cannot be pass undetected. Her path from a physician to the Director-General of the WHO has inspired me to start a public health career and work for society’s good. The possibility to change the lives of millions of people for the better by only one decision intrigues and motivates me to do my best while studying.
The regression analysis is considered to be a very important tool for any manager, who wants to comprehend the relations between the different variables of a project and be able to predict the values different variables may have on each other. As a rule, there are the two types of possible regression models: a simple linear regression model where the two variables are possible as its maximum, and a multiple linear regression model where more than two possible variables are usually indentified. In the article about the necessity to learn better the peculiarities of a drilling process and the trip time, the authors, Ardekani and Shadizadeh, make use of the two models for analysis, and one of them is a multiple linear regression model that aims at evaluating the relations that may take place between the properly defined drilling variables in order to predict and improve the outcomes of the drilling process. Though the multiple linear regression analysis used in the Ardekani and Shadizadeh’s article turns out to be not as effective as another type of model identified, it still helps to realise how different independent variables may be correlated and influence the dependent variable that is too crucial for the chosen process. In the article, the multiple linear regression analysis consists of several steps. First of all, the process for the analysis should be identified. It is drilling venture. Second, the goals of drilling should be stated to comprehend why the use of a multiple linear regression model may be necessary. The main purpose is to minimise the costs at the expense of the trip time. Then, it is time to clear up the variables that should be used in a model. Three oil fields and their reports are used in the article in order to  1. define the depth,  2. open hole length,  3. drill collars,  4. top drive rigs,  5. down hole motor,  6. bit diameter size,  7. mud weight as the independent variable for the model and the trip time as the only crucial dependent variable. As soon as this step is taken, the correlation between the variables (dependent-independent and independent-independent) is made. However, some problems take place as one insignificant variable (bit
Introduction Circular Distributors is a service provider of consumer information to marketers. The company has been in existence for over half a century and the demand for its services continues to increase in the modern markets. There is increased need for consumer information as more marketers seek to interact with consumers on a one-on-one basis. The days when the mass media was the most effective platform to conduct marketing are long gone. Those were the days when companies used to produce standardized products for the masses. Consumers only needed to be aware of the products that were in the market then with that information they go in search for them. Currently, consumers have become more cautious on the products that they buy. They spend a lot of time evaluating products and the consumer decision making process has become more complicated. Marketers now have to find ways of communicating with consumers in a personal manner and not through generalization of messages. Circular Distributors uses targeted messages to communicate with consumers on a one-on-one basis. The targeted messages are sent to individual consumers and in so doing gets communication passed across on a personal level. Circular Distributors is a service provider but it works on behalf of companies that are both in the goods and services industries. Targeted messages fall in the category of direct marketing services. The messages are sent directly to consumers and this triggers a special feeling since they are given special attention. Circular Distributors has benefited from the growth of the direct marketing sector since the 1990s. The business environment in the direct marketing sector has undergone drastic changes which are now consistent. Circular Distributors therefore has to position itself strategically using a new service development strategy. Circular Distributors was one of the first companies to develop a system through which they could deliver leaflets to a large number of consumers on a door to door basis. This method was effective 50 years ago when companies in the fast moving consumer goods industry sought to bring about trial use for their products. Circular Distributors could then distribute free samples to consumers thereby being the most effective medium to carry out this marketing activity. Markets have however changed drastically today and direct marketing involves more than delivery of leaflets to consumers’ doorsteps. Consumers have become more particular of the goods that they want an
Introduction Businesses are primarily profit-driven enterprises that focus on selling products and services at the best possible price (Guiling, 2013). On the other hand, as explained by Noe et al. (2009), it is also necessary for corporations to take into account whether their operations are in line with proper ethical action (Noe et al., 2009). This is due to the potential negative ramifications unethical actions could have on the future of a company in terms of general public opinion conveyed towards it or government regulations which specifically prohibit particular types of unethical actions within corporate entities. Thus, it is necessary to implement some form of internal control to ensure that employees within the company act in an ethical manner. I believe that the best way in which a senior executive could mentor a junior employee is to lead by example. One example in which this can be seen is in the case of Greg Smith, a former Goldman Sachs employee, who wrote an article for the New York Post where he elaborated on the internal culture of Goldman Sachs. He stated that senior executives within the firm actively referred to clients as “Muppets” and focused more on making money for the firm instead of making money for their clients (Finance Without Romance, 2013) Smith explains that this behavior actively fostered unethical behavior among junior employees and was one of the reasons why he left Goldman (Finance Without Romance, 2013). When considering this, it can be seen that the behavior of senior executives towards clients and company operations has a distinct impact on junior employees through the process of emulation. If a senior executive acts unethical, the junior employee will likely become unethical as well. As an employee, I would look towards the actions of the CFO and the type of business culture he/she fosters as a way of guiding my actions. As explained by Noe et al. (2009), the organizational culture of a company as well as the attitudes, mannerisms, and work standards of senior executives have a distinct impact on how employees act and work within a company (Noe et al., 2009). If I had a CFO that placed a high priority on ethical behavior and actions, I would likely attempt to be as ethical as I could be in preparing the financial statements. On the other end of the spectrum, if the CFO was unethical it would be likely that I would become unethical as well. One possible method that an HR department could use to develop ethical financial executives is to ensure the creation of a proper succession plan within the company that ensures
Between 2010 and 2020, the state of Florida recorded unique changes that redefined its position as one of the key battlegrounds in U.S. politics. First, the region’s white population only grew by around 4 percent in a decade (Noe-Bustamante, 2020). Second, only a small percentage of the population chose to join political parties. Third, the number of voters in central Florida increased significantly, such as in Sumter and Osceola counties (Man, 2021). These trends expose some of the possible trends that are expected to define the state politics in the next decade. From this analysis, it is agreeable that Florida is becoming one of the racially diverse regions in the country. The nature of the recorded trends has the potential to dictate the number of people who are affiliated with either the Democratic or the Republican Party. Non-Hispanic voters who do not identify themselves as white have been decreasing significantly. Similarly, African American and Hispanic voters have been increasing significantly (Weigel, 2020). These developments mean that politicians in this region will be compelled to focus on issues that resonate with the demands and expectations of the changing demographics. Another unique observation in this state is that most of t
Background to the Study In this literature review, the main aim is to discuss what previous studies have highlighted in their analysis of stock market efficiency. As one of the most authoritative theories of understanding how the stock market works, the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), which is the main theory of understanding stock market efficiency, has received criticism and support in equal measure. One side comprises people who believe that stock market efficiency can be explained by the EMH theory while the other side consists of a class that believes that the existing theory is not effective and that other equally important variables have been left out. Despite the discussion on the effectiveness of the existing theories and approaches to stock market efficiency, economists are in consensus that stock market efficiency is an important tool and concept due to its implications on the investment sector and generally the economy. Literature Review Understanding Stock Market Efficiency The ‘Efficient Market’ proposition assumes that if the stock bazaar is competent, it is impracticable to use elementary and technical analysis to succeed in the market since the prevailing share rates constantly integrate and replicate all the appropriate data. In such a scenario, it is impractical to make extraordinary proceeds above the stock bazaar returns. Hence, there is minimal or no arbitrage chance in the stock market sector. According to Jethwani and Achuthan, the hypothesis can be divided into three categories (35). The first category is the Weak Form Efficiency where the stock prices incorporate all information from trade statistics such as the rate of return, trading capacity, and chronological outlays. The second category is the Semi-Strong type effectiveness where security rates change quickly to liberate publicly obtainable facts. The last category is the Strong Form Efficiency where stock prices fully reflect all the relevant information such as past information, publicly available information, and insider facts that are accessible only to companies (Jethwani and Achuthan 35). Three tenets determine market competence (Prentis 2). The first tenet of stock market efficiency is that markets are stable and that when unexpected events occur and cause imbalance, such disruption is temporary since markets are self-equilibrating. However, this argument is criticized and disputed in the literature. For instance, Kristoufek and Vosvrda assert that it is impossible to have a stock market that is always in equilibrium since traders and investors have different inclinations, endowments, and viewpoints (184). Further, other factors such as arbitrage expenses often push the market out of equilibrium. The second tenet of market efficiency is the argument that stock prices fully reflect all the relevant information (Bhunia 72). However, many researchers and economists have disputed this argument in the past. Further, the tenet holds that asset prices accurately reflect their intrinsic value. Thus, such prices will always accurately
Definitions and components E-commerce involves online purchasing of products using internet services. The key components :   * Infrastructure/technology equipment.   * Information security:       + Cyber-security;       + Privacy;       + Risk.   * Communication.   * Transaction platforms:       + Online platforms;       + Social media. Electronic commerce entails the modern use of technology to advance business culture, especially promoted by the advent of computer network connections via internet. E-commerce managers need to cope with trends in technology, marketing strategies, global cyber security issues and information, communication technology platforms which are constantly evolving. Therefore, one of the most important components of e-business management is strategic leadership skills that identifies and collaborate the emerging issues in technology (Chaffey et al.). In essence, such managers hold the vision and objectives of the company higher than their personal ambitions. Types of E-commerce Common Types of E-commerce and its components:   * Business to Business- B2B.   * Business to Customer- B2C.   * Customer to Business- C2B.   * Customer to Customer- C2C.   * Mobile commerce. Although there are numerous types of online commerce, the basic types are those which involve business and consumers across the globe. Customer to customer operations include online transactions between one customer and the other. Sometimes, consumers can exchange certain goods with suppliers to get what they want. Business to business involves the exchange of goods and services among retailers and other business entities, for instance, Alibaba can import goods from Walmart to sell their clients in other parts of the world. Mobile commerce defines the use of mobile phones for online transactions. Currently, there are numerous marketing and chain of commerce taking place among mobile phone users, for instance, social media marketing is often focused on use of cell phones because of its massive use. Worldwide Statistics Global Perspectives in E-commerce:   * The retail e-commerce sector has seen tremendous steady rise over the past decade.   * Notable growth rate projection of $1.3 trillion in 2014 to $4.9 trillion in 2021 (Adrian).   * Social shopping is steadily rising; social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube are the most vibrant online exchange means.   * B2B sales projected to hit more than $ 1trillion in 2021 (Adrian). Currently, online shopping has become the giant in trade sector as retailers shift their focus to social media and other online platforms to do their purchases. According to Adrian, universal projections indicate that the sector has realized more than three-fold growth between 2014 to 2020, and might hit close to $5 trillion in 2021 with the persistent pandemic. Notably, business to business operations are the leading options as retailers exchange goods and servic
Executive Summary The Body Shop is an English personal care and cosmetics brand that was established in 1976 with a clear social mission to avoid products that are produced unethically or tested on animals. Over the years, this company has successfully developed into a chain of brand-owned and franchised stores across the globe. At the beginning of the 2000s, it was purchased by a transnational corporation L’Oréal, but the cooperation between the two brands was unsuccessful, leading to The Body Shop’s sales decreasing by 6% in 2017. During the same year, L’Oréal sold The Body Shop to a Brazilian natural cosmetics giant Natura. Unlike L’Oréal, Natura embraced The Body Shops’ roots and vision for social sustainability and chose a brand management strategy that highlights these features. Some recommendations for the Body Shop include focusing on scaling rather than growth and establishing new strategic partnerships with local communities and governments. Findings The Body Shop began as an entrepreneurial endeavor that has grown into a successful multinational business. The Body Shop is a beauty company that was established by Anita Roddick (“About us,” n.d.). The idea behind the brand’s image was to sell beauty products that were sourced ethically and were not tested on animals (Hope, 2017). Roddick’s entrepreneurial endeavor began as an ambidextrous organization because, in 1976, little attention was given to how the cosmetic products were manufactured and where the raw materials were sourced from. Initially, it was one small shop in Brighton, which later expanded to several shops across England and overseas, some of which were owned by The Body Shop, while others were franchised. Currently, it is owned by a Brazilian natural cosmetics brand Natura. The Natura & Co Group also owns several other brands, not all of which are focused on social responsibility, for example, Avon. However, Natura’s brand and its vision are focused on developing and selling ecologically friendly products. Initially established as a local shop, this company has grown to become one of the largest beauty brands globally. In 2017, L’Oréal decided to sell this brand to a Brazilian natural cosmetics brand. After Natura acquired The Body Shop, they announced the change of the company’s focus towards sustainability and purpose-driven business practices (Rao, 2019). Hence, the main growth management challenge that The Body Shop’s management currently faces is the ability to balance the brand’s focus on manufacturing products for the body using sustainable practices and L’Oréal’s desire to widen the range of products and alter production techniques. Product Range Expansion The first step that the new management has announced is the expansion of The Body Shop’s best-seller, Shea Butter. The new range of products will include items for hair, while previously, Shea Butter was offered in the form of body lotions only (Rao, 2019). Additionally, the supply management practices will change since the ingredients of the existing range