ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Property tax, an annual tax on the real property, has been in existence for more than three millennia. It is found most commonly on the market value concept. Its base may be the land and buildings or just the land only. The strengths and weaknesses of this type of tax are well known since it’s common globally and is a subject of a political debate (Hoff, 1991). This paper therefore seek to explain how the rate of savings in a less developed nation can be increased using the property tax. It will also highlight the roles that can be attributed to the property tax in encouraging the foreign investors to invest in the nation. Additionally, the paper will recommend other features of an economic system that may be implemented by this nation in order to achieve its economic objectives. Roles assigned to property taxes As an economic advisor, I would recommend a property tax that is administratively and technically easy to maintain and implement in all the circumstances. The property tax should be able to aim a cost yield ratio of 2% or even less making it cheap to administer. The property tax implemented should be secure in that it’s almost impossible to evade, the collection success rates should be at a minimum of 95% which is easily attainable. The transparency of the tax system should be evident in the property tax to ensure its affectivity (Hoff, 1991). The property tax should be in such away that the public understands it since understanding the market value concept is easy whether it is a rental value or capital value making its basis of assessment more appreciated. The property tax should ensure that there is a better correlation between the ability to pay and the assessed value. The tax should also be marginally progressive and therefore need to be designed correctly. The property taxes should be well suited like a source to the revenue of the local governments generated locally; n
Introduction In the human body, the brain is the most complex and unique organ. The reason why the brain is so unlike the other organs is because of its tangible and intangible processes. Other organs have a physiological basis for their processes and thus have certain quantifiable parameters. The brain, not only has neurobiological processes at work, but also cognitive processes. Consciousness is an abstraction, which is very real but is not directly measurable by scientific methods. Emotions, memories, intuition are other manifestations of the workings of the brain which are not directly calculable through some neurobiological areas that have been identified by doctors and researchers. The entire process of the brain and its relation to the human nervous system requires a holistic treatment which is being attempted by the medical and research fraternity the world over. It has also included specialists from the fields of psychology and philosophy and thus what may have seemed as just another human organ is proving to be a frontier yet to be completely explored by man. This essay aims to outline the relationship between the brain, the nervous system, and the larger context of its working in relation to the other parts of the human body. Cell/ Tissue/Organ/ System Any explanation of a living organism has to necessarily start with the organization structure best exemplified by the Cell/Tissue/Organ/System methodology. The cell is the basic unit of a living organism. A group of cells forms a tissue, a group of tissues form an organ, a group of organs working to perform a bodily function forms a system and all organ systems working in concert finally give rise to the living organism as it is known. This methodology applies to the brain and the nervous system also. The basic unit of the brain is the neuron which are special cells config
Introduction It is common for a person in authority to find himself or herself facing ethical dilemmas, especially when it comes to making difficult decisions. According to Balachandran (53), there is always the desire to make a decision that would be beneficial to one. On the other hand, there will be the desire to do what is good both morally and legally. When one is faced with such a dilemma, decision-making becomes very complex. There will be a duel in one’s mind as the force to engage in an unethical act battles with the desire to do what is right. In most of the cases, the physical desires would prevail over the moral authority, unless one has strict principles. The problem with such unethical behavior is that other people are always hurt. When one engages in selfish acts to meet personal desires, it is always at someone else’s expense. The perpetrator and the victim of such acts always suffer, but in different ways. While the victims suffer directly in the form of material loss, physical or mental torture, the perpetrator will have to bear the burden of guilt. The perpetrator’s conscious will be disturbed as he or she tries to live with the fact that that act caused pain to others. It is for this reason that Todd (391) encourages people to behave ethically even if it may not lead to financial rewards. The researcher will focus on a case study of ethical dilemma at Normandy Crossing School Ethical Dilemmas the Teachers Faced The teaching staffs at Normandy Crossing Elementary School were a motivated lot when they were informed about the financial incentives they would gain in case their students excelled (Richardson and Kehoe 41). There was a massive pressure from the stakeholders in the education sector on the teachers to ensure that learners excelled in their examinations. Parents wanted good results, and educational authorities were very strict when it came to the performance posted by each school on every subject. For the top performers, a reward would come from parents, schools’ administration, and the employer. On the other hand, teachers who posted poor results were considered failure and they faced a lot of heart from various quarters. This was a situation of carrot and stick. Great performance was synonymous with great rewards, while poor performance would result into rebuke or even demotion. The irony in this entire system was that the learners faced no form of pressure other than from their teachers. When exerting this pressure on the learners, what these stakeholders forgot was that the actual person sitting the exams would be the learner. As Balachandran (42) notes, a teacher can be very efficient in delivering content to the students, but unless there is an equal effort from the students to understand these concepts, the effort of the teacher would go into a waste. When setting these standards, the stakeholders also forgot about the responsibility of parents in ensuring that their children excelled in exams. The environment in which a child is subjected back at homes has a significant influence on its performance. However, the stakeholders ignored all these factors and the responsibility of
Psychology is a discipline that analyses people’s behavior and explains why people behave the way they do. This is because people’s behavior is so dynamic, varied and at times complicated. Behavior is not innate but acquired. People tend to respond to specific environments and portray a certain kind of behavior according to the requirements of that environment. A number of external factors can influence behavior depending on the intended outcome of that behavior. This paper will explain three of them: social, cultural and spiritual factors. The influence of social factors on behavior is profound. People have the tendency to imitate and copy what they see other people do, in order to fit in socials setting. Psychologists are still researching on whether this kind of behavior mimicry is intentional or unintentional. Take for example when a person is in a group where dialogue is very loud. The person will automatically talk in the same loud voice, to fit into this group. This behavior mimicry can also be portrayed when people smile back at strangers who smile at them. Smiling back is an automatic response. Whether they will exhibit the same feelings or not is still debatable (Bargh, Chen & Lara, 1996). Societies have elaborate norms, rules and beliefs about life, known as culture. These values and beliefs can affect a person’s behavior. However, Marsha (2010) argues that cultural rules do not force a certain behavior in a person because people have free will. Sadie (2010) explains that the relationship between culture and behavior is interdependent. People observe cultural values, seeks to understand them, interpret them in their own way. These interpretations are the basis of behavior formation in people. A culture is formed when people in the same environment repeatedly exhibit the same behavior. This means that people‘s behavior reflect culture and culture reflect people’s behavior. Culture is also subject to change because of varied interpretation of cultural rules. Religion is a set of beliefs that direct the worship of a supreme being. Humanity, since time immemorial is known to have as set of rules of worship that are so ingrained in it. People take these rules as divine. Religion dictates people’s life and therefore i
A study on the stakeholders of Fast Forward company has revealed that a review of its continuous improvement policy and procedure is necessary. The following is the proposed strategy for the company to enhance its policy that aims at directing its practices to increase the organization’s productivity to restore its image and reputation. Fast Forward’s Continuous Improvement Policy and Procedure Fast Forward bases its operations on its mission, goals and values. All its activities are aimed at providing their clients with the effective and efficient service, while ensuring that all the stakeholders are contented (Stromei, 2006, p. 44). To ensure it, the company carries out continuous improvements in all its activities to guarantee clients’ and stakeholders’ satisfaction. Continuous quality control and evaluation are undertaken by the company to ensure maintenance of standard and appropriate operations to the expectations of clients and staff. Continuous Improvement Processes Fast Forward uses the following strategies and procedures to improve on its performance, gaining clients’ and stakeholders’ satisfaction. First, the clients’ satisfaction surveys, such as questionnaires and interviews, state that customers have a right to receive the best service from the business. Therefore, surveys will be carried periodically to establish clients’ satisfaction on the services offered by the company by analyzing the feedback got from surveys. Secondly, changes in the policies and procedures of the business must be communicated to clients as they occur. Since the business values its clients, it communicates to them directly and clarifies all the questions if necessary. The communication can be in the form of meetings, sending letters and making phone calls (Drew, 2004, p.13) Successful implementations of policies and procedures are also appreciated and communicated to clients through rewards and bonuses. Employee Feedback and Communication The case study shows that the company has put communication facilities, such as suggestion and complaint boxes, because it values its employees. In addition, it carries out periodical surveys to ensure its employees are satisfied. The company communicates to employees whenever there are any changes in policy and organizational procedures. The strategies to ensure effective communication and improve employee output state that there should be monthly meetings for employees to be aware of new processes and strategies (Daft, 2009, p. 81). Moreover, the employees’ opinions are also taken into account before making crucial decisions by the company. This ensures employee participation in the decision making process. Employee training is also carried out to familiarize them with new processes and strategies. Finally, successful implementations of policies and procedures are communicated to the employees during the monthly meetings where outstanding employees are rewarded with promotions and bonuses. Management The management of the company has set up an independent office to review and deal with the feedback obtained from clients and employees. The office reviews all complaints and suggestions a
Introduction Dances are the integral part of the Western culture. However, the representatives of the various ethnicities may have rather different attitude towards them. Although almost every nation in the world historically has its own traditional dances, the perception of the contemporary dances may be different among people. The aim of this report is to present and interpret the results of the survey on the attitude of people to contemporary dances. Method Internet Research The research was conducted through the use of the relevant articles, books, and online video interviews. In particular, these sources included Questia internet library, Hampshiredance.org.uk , and Youtube . Survey In order to investigate the question of people’s attitude to dancing and the contemporary dance, in particular, a short survey was created. After its development, it was distributed among target group of university students. The fifteen individuals were questioned. There were 80% of the females and 20% of males. The age groups were represented in the following way: 46.7% of the respondents – the age from 25 to 30, 26.7% – the age of older than 35, 13.3% – the age group from 30 to 36, and 13.3% – the age from 18 to 24. The Results Internet Research Findings The results of the medical research allow concluding that dance “provides an active, non-competitive form of exercise that has potential positive effects for physical health as well as mental and emotional well-being” (Quin, Redding, Frazer, 2007, p. 1). Taking into account the results of the survey, it can be said that the respondents tend to be aware of the positive effect of dances on health. Nowadays, the contemporary dances reflect the modern lifestyle and culture. It is said that they represent the adventures and visionaries of the modern choreographers (Morgenroth, 2007). Some people argue that there is a tendency of the feminization of salsa, especially salsa romantica, which tend to be less aggressive than salsa caliente (Negus, 1999). This statement is proved by the results of the survey. Suzan Moss claims that the attending of the dance classes can contribute to the multicultural communication (Moss, 2000). Undoubtedly, dancing requires trainings. Matt Cornell, the contemporary dancer, says that it is really hard to maintain movement practice (QL2_Dance, 2012). The respondents gave different views on which kind of arts were the best forms to convey artists’ emotions. It is interesting to know what the dancers and choreographers think about that and what inspires them. Sonya Tayeh says that she gets her inspiration from the cartoons and their superheroes as well as from paintings, and just from life experience
Today, thanks to the tremendous progress in information technology, the access to and ease of use of the information are unprecedented. The scope of the phenomenon is so prominent that it is common to refer to it as the information age (Oliva & Gordon, 2013). Interestingly, its influence is not restricted to the academic segment but instead reaches far out into the consumer domain, with more than 80% American students having cellphones and actively using them to access the Web (Wiles & Bondi, 2015). Nevertheless, the usage of new technology is still relatively scarce in educational process despite considerable effort in this direction. It is thus important not only to recognize the opportunities the new technology offers but also to acknowledge the changes they require in curriculum design to successfully bring them into classroom. Current Situation The routine use of portable devices capable of accessing the Internet has become a worldwide phenomenon. Since their computational and multimedia capabilities these devices offer are superior to those commonly present in the classroom, it is reasonable to expect their use in educational process. In reality, however, the resources allocated for integration of new technologies into the learning process are inconsistent with the outcome
Definition of the Council and its Headquarters The Council of the Ministers is a regulatory entity within the government that is also known as the cabinet. It is presided over by the King of Saudi Arabia. The headquarters of the cabinet is Riyadh, the capital city of the kingdom. The King forms the council as an organ that represents the twenty-two ministries within the government. The structure is an essential factor to the King since it provides information during decision-making. Apart from being an advisory team for the King, the council plays a significant role in drafting and overseeing the actualization of specific institution policies (The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2021). These regulations encompass the defense, educational, financial, external, internal, and economic dimensions within the Saudi Arabian government. The arm of the government was established by King Saud in 1953 and was restructured by both Kings Fahd and Salman for effectiveness and efficiency in the performance of the duties (The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2021). The duties and responsibilities of the minister feature dynamism with an autonomous authority within the department. One of the profound factors in Saudi’s government involves the essence of independence of the office. Membership Conditions In Article 3 in the Law of the Council of Ministers, there are different qualifications for an individual to be fit for the ministerial post. The first accomplishment involves nationality. A minister must be of Saudi nationality by birth. Further, the person must be of Saudi descent, hence forbidding people with different origins from securing the highly reputable positions in the government (The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2021). The second qualification establishes the candidate as a righteous and capable entity. Primarily, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is founded under the Islamic law. Therefore, a personnel contesting for the position of a minister must prove a track record of righteousness and capability to the King and the Saudi Arabian citizens. It is a strategy that boosts the confidence of the residents in the government’s performance of its duties. The Islamic law considers impurity a profound concern that compromises the authority and capacity to perform tasks (The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2021). The third qualification establishes that a candidate must be reputable and show a good track record of moral behavior in society. In this case, a former convict or an individual with a dishonorable record lacks
Archetypes describe such characteristics, which are universal patterns that define certain events, objects, or people. In literature, they describe representations and concepts that are common to all people, which allow people to understand and interpret stories. However, archetypes also exist in everyday life and play a significant role in shaping the perception of the world around them. In particular, there are archetypes of people that help determine their character and actions, as well as motivation. Applying this concept to everyday life, one can single out special types of people who have a set of common and exclusive characteristics for them. They are formed both on the basis of the actions and inclinations of the person and depending on the environment. An example of an archetype in everyday life is the head of a large modern corporation, such as Elon Musk. He can be defined as a hero or creator who has the inspiration and courage to change the world around him. Other people perceive it in this way, which makes it a great example of an archetype. All his actions are motivated precisely by these characteristics, and his primary motivation is the transformation of the world. The presence of archetypes in everyday life allows me to compose a more comprehensive perception of people and events. In particular, based on the characteristics I know, I can determine the motivation and role of a certain person, which makes him more predictable. This is certainly more difficult than may be presented in the literature because people often have mixed features. However, in general, the concept of archetypes gives me the opportunity to understand the actions of people and their characters. I can later use this information to form my own relationship with them.
There has been an ongoing debate on establishing specific rights for individuals in order to create and maintain an equal society. Equality presumes that each person is endowed with the same number of rights regardless of their age, sex, race, and other factors. One of such privileges is health insurance, which remains under discussion since not every citizen can receive it. However, if people demand equality, health coverage and other forms of assistance need to be provided for every individual as a fundamental human right. To my mind, any kind of government assistance should be granted to each state’s citizens despite their socio-economic status (SES) and demographic peculiarities. It would be unfair if a 50-year-old pensioner could receive fewer benefits than a 25-year-old woman working two jobs. Alleviating access to obtaining insurance or other social needs as financial aid or a loan program can be beneficial in terms of establishing equity. In my view, the accessibility to such services must be equal for every population layer and should be appointed by the law. This access to social assistance programs should become a fundamental human right, since it will protect vulnerable groups and ensure that no one is deprived of anything. As a result, if the state wants to guarantee equality for each society member, its representative should entitle citizens with equal rights to accessing different social and health services. Since equality is at the heart of human rights, the government should contribute to its growth by lawfully establishing the same rights for every person regardless of their SES, age, race, and other features. Enhancing equity is the key priority of any country to ensure stability and prosperity.