ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Subject and Purpose It is known that the media, including films and cartoons, directly impact the viewer’s personality. Research shows that children who have been exposed to Walt Disney’s fairytale universe from an early age adopt some of the attitudes and manners that describes characters. This research focused on determining the impact of Disney Princesses on of preschool age girls in the context of the transmission of gender stereotypes (Golden and Jacoby 299). The results showed that the concept of princesses lacking leadership skills and seeking to avoid interfering with men has a severe impact on young girls’ personality. The age division of project participants: 31 preschool age girls and 30 parents. Ethnic diversity of girls Audience The likely target audience for this study is parents, women, and men who are interested in the positive gender development of their children. Nevertheless, the article informs people about the importance of developing critical thinking skills, therefore, not only parents may be interested in reading, but teachers, caregivers, and grandparents. This concludes that, although the article has a quite specific focus, it may be of interest to all categories of the population. Moreover, Disney, Inc.’s representatives can become a cohort of readers, as the study examines the effect of the company’s products. Perhaps, they could rethink the concept of princesses to give them more autonomy and confidence. The readers’ values are aimed at the harmonious development of children; such people probably predict the negative impact of princesses on the image of a girl, so they decide to study the issue through research further. On the other hand, they may be people for whom this article seems to be something completely unexpected and surprising, as they could not imagine such social effects. Tone This research has a unique feature that is usually difficult to perform in scientific articles — a combination of scientific work style with popular and accessible to an unskilled audience. This research’s scientific tone is to measure results quantitatively and qualitatively; while the literary review, coupled with a discussion of the results, is the most straightforward. This feature allows to highlight fragments from an article and place them in school textbooks, newspapers, or magazines to introduce the audience to the phenomenon of Disney Princesses. Speakers The authors of the study do not disclose their story, but the study’s focus suggests that women are interested in the psychological aspects of girls’ education. Independent search on authors allows to understand that they are
The following paper presents and analyzes the folio page from a Qur’an manuscript with calligraphic work by Ahmad ibn al-Suhrawardi al-Bakri and illustrational craft of Muhammad ibn Aibak ibn ‘Abdallah, otherwise called the illuminator. The first section of this essay describes the contents of the folio, including such aspects as the inscription and its meaning, the main details of the pattern that surrounds the text and the overall appearance of the work. The second part investigates the history of the Ilkhanid period, during which the folio was created. The details of the artwork and architecture produced during this period are also described in this chapter. Furthermore, the third part of the essay analyzes the mentioned work and aims to define its importance in the time of its creation and find a particular meaning of the work as well. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the points made in the previous chapters and presents the significance of this work to the spheres of contemporary art and art history. Description The artwork mentioned above is a folio from a large Qu’ran manuscript, created approximately in the year of 1307 or 1308 (The Met, 2017). This date of the folio’s creation shows that it was produced in the Ilkhanid period. Moreover, the place of production is also known as this work is attributed to Baghdad, Iraq. Interestingly, the names of the calligrapher, Ahmad ibn al-Suhrawardi al-Bakri, and the illuminator, Muhammad ibn Aibak ibn ‘Abdallah, are also available to the public. As one can see, the folio consists of two distinct parts – the central inscription and the surrounding illustration (“Folio,” 2017). These components can be described separately as each of them was produced by a different person. However, the two parts join perfectly in their stylization. The inscription in the center is divided into three lines of text. In Arabic, the script can be translated as “Ahmad ibn Suhrawardi al-Bakri praises God and prays for His messenger Muhammad, his family, and his companions and salutes” (The Met, 2017). This text is written in one of the main calligraphic scripts of the Arabic language, with intricate details that show the level of the calligrapher’s craftsmanship. The color of the text is plain black which allows a reader to concentrate on the phrase itself. Moreover, this decision pulls the attention of a person in the center, creating a contrast between the paper and the writing. The second part of the folio is represented by the surrounding frame which also has two inscriptions on the top and bottom of the page. The Arabic text in these writings is the same in both parts. Interestingly, the font of the script here is vastly diffe
Iraq War The Iraq War commenced in 2003. This war has been the largest and the longest that the US military has ever engaged in since the Vietnam War. The biggest question has been: was the Iraq War worth it? This paper will actually present an analysis that proves that the Iraq War was actually worth it. Iraq war and Theories of Conflict Conflict has several causal influences as there are various perspectives that govern conflict. These include realism, influence of ideology, liberalism, elite interests and even personal and social psychology (Gallagher 112). The realism perspective comes out largely in the Iraq war. It can be seen that with the September 11th attacks, the US suffered greatly. There was, therefore, great need for the US to demonstrate to the whole world that it was still powerful and it could use force if need be. This could be seen perhaps as a way of maintaining hegemony. Another realistic perspective could be seen from the need for the US to attack so as to avoid nuclear proliferation and other deadly weapons that Saddam was suspected to have been developing. Also US had to secure its oil supplies. With opposition and suspicion from Saddam, the steady supply of this commodity was not guaranteed. There was therefore a realistic need to make sure that Saddam did not threaten the US sources of this great commodity. From the realist policy as will be seen later, collective force serves as a hindrance to achievement of certain goals. The US government, after the post Cold War period, did not change its budget towards military (Segell 111). This was meant to surmount any combined force that may oppose the US in the future. Also by opting for war the US has managed show to the world it is actually a super power, something that was almost in question after the 9/11 attacks. So this message went far and wide, thus boosting further US reputation (Downing 44). It seems that this war was based on liberalist perspective since the war was pegged on democratizing Iraq. It has been noted that democracies hardly attack other democracies. In fact, the crusaders of this school of thought do believe that it is also against this backdrop that the US feared that, Iraq, then a non-democracy, would use its oil influences to influence other non-democracies and even democracies to attack the US and its allies. This is also why the US, in attacking Iraq, did not trust that the UN inspectors were going to achieve anything much on the global front. In fact, they feared that the regime would hide the truth and that after sometime Saddam would have managed to develop fully weapons of mass destruction. By this it was worth going to war early than rely on the slow and ineffective methods proposed. Argument The US has its foreign policy to pursue. The US is facing many challenges in ensuring that its security is guaranteed. A nation therefore takes itself powerful when its security is assured. The political environment internationally required that it goes for this war since there were
Major research by Greg Palast The chapter begins with a New York City’s stake-out. It then progresses to the King of Mardi Gras leading to a shopping spree in Geneva. Subsequently, murder and suicide incidences in a native village in Alaska become significant to the Deepwater Horizon Investigation. This chapter focuses on major investigations by Greg Palast. The MI6 specializes in handling bribes on behalf of Kalashnikovs and British Petroleum (BP). The chapter also highlights the ex-trophy wife of the billionaire who was prepared to burn the bed and open the files. There is also the mention of the Radioactive Brick from an unknown address containing documentation of a large scale fraud by Tokyo Electric Power Company. This takes place ten months before the melting of Fukushima. The chapter briefly mentions Treasury Secretary, Geithner’s highly secretive memo waiting for the nod from both Citibank and Goldman Sachs. At Rolling Hills outside New York City, the writer acknowledges his fault for using an expensive vehicle instead of a simple red Honda car. He then proceeds to Las Vegas, Nevada. Here he hopes to meet and trade information with Daniel Beckel, one of the best lawyers in America. The two get engrossed in a discussion about the oil spill along the Gulf of Mexico, before being interrupted by a distress call about an explosion back home. The chapter then proceeds to somewhere off the coast of Azerbaijan. The writer mentions that despite the name Exxon that is written on the ill-fated ship, the culprit responsible for the spillage which destroyed the Alaska coastline was British Petroleum. In Azerbaijan, the discussion is centered on the shock by British Petroleum upon learning of the spillage. The chapter then progresses to Liberia, a West African nation where sexual perversions are not tolerated. The chapter touches on the Liberian civil war in which the country was converted into a killing zone. He recounts some of his family histories before offering a description to a heart-warming stand ovation at the bequest of Martin Luther King’s dinner party where he assumes a back seat. Here he hopes to meet and trade information wit
If applying the prediction reading strategy for teaching sixth-grade students, one should teach them how to use the information provided in the text, concerning the issue of “what has happened”, to determine what is likely to happen next in the given text. In order to do this, it is possible for the teacher to use the “KWL” prediction reading strategy in the sixth-grade students’ classroom. According to Donna Ogle, the creator of the KWL strategy, “KWL helps students become better readers of expository text and helps teachers to be more interactive in their teaching” (Carr, Ogle, 1986, p. 12). “KWL” is a special teaching approach that helps teachers to activate the prior knowledge of their students in any particular subject. This method also assists the teachers to encourage the students’ active reading and research. It indeed works positively, as it awakes students’ interest in the topic by the representation of some prior clues and by the development of the idea in the students’ imagination. Thus, it is possible to state that the usage of the given approach would be fruitful in the auditorium of the sixth-grade students. “KWL” operates with the help of the charts. It is important to note that such charts are really helpful in the prediction reading strategy when reading and analyzing the expository text with the students. This again proves that the “KWL” approach is the right one to use while teaching sixth-grade students, as the majority of the texts they are studying can be described as expository ones. Making the strategy of the lesson with the above-mentioned group of students, one should concern the following charters. The “K” – the teacher should think over the issue of what the six – grade students already know. The “W” – the teacher should weigh on what the given category of students wants to learn. The “L” – the teacher considers the issue of what the students would learn if they read the text. While communicating with the children, the teacher should use the charts: “KWL charts help students to be active thinkers while they read” (Carr, Ogle, 1987, p. 14). Therefore, the teacher has to give the students specific things to look for in the text. After that, the teacher asks the students to reflect on what they learned after reading the book and if their predictions were accurate. The teacher should perform each step aloud, maintaining the communication process with the students. Such a process is very exciting for the sixth-grade students and this again proves that the “KWL” method is the right one to use while working with the given age group. If r
Contrasting the Culture of these Two Organizations Many passengers admire WestJet Airlines for its effective culture. The company encourages it employees to support the needs of every customer. WestJet accepts its mistakes in order to remain successful. The airline company pays legal bills to different individuals. The company’s culture supports charity events. Employees get checks twice per year. Passengers receive the best treatment at the company. The company also uses its positive culture to support the changing needs of its customers. The country’s aviation industry also supports this kind of culture. This approach has made WestJet successful. WestJet embraces new managerial changes in order to emerge successful. Air Canada is no longer supporting its original culture. The managers do not respect their pilots and employees. The current workplace relationships do not promote the best practices. The company also lacks effective mechanisms to foster mutual respect or cooperation. Air Canada’s organizational culture is currently affecting the level of performance. Organizational culture is what supports the objectives of every company. The company’s culture is not in accordance with that of the industry. This culture is no longer adaptive thus affecting Air Canada’s performance. Which is the better performer? The culture of WestJet continues to support its business objectives. The company is currently attracting more customers and passengers. The company’s employees are satisfied with their working conditions. This approach continues to WestJet a leading performer in the industry. Supporting My Conclusion Air Canada does not support the needs of its employees and pilots. This development has affected the company’s culture. WestJet learns from its mistakes in order to emerge successful. The company gives donations thus promoting its corporate social responsibility. The practice has increased WestJet’s financial performance. Relationship between Performance and Organizational Culture The performance of a firm is directly proportional to its organizational structure and culture. WestJet’s positive culture has supported its performance. WestJet understands the diverse needs of its customers and employees. The strategy continues to support the company’s objectives. Air Canada no longer respects its stakeholders. The approach has reduced the level of morale at the company. This situation has affected Air Canada’s performance.
Introduction The elimination of problems of the present-day society from the perspectives of morality and shared values is one of the most challenging tasks for humanity. In order to adequately address these issues, it is vital to reform the existing entities or create new institutions corresponding to people’s needs. This initiative should be based on the establishment of clear regulations of their functioning with regard to the ethical side of the matter. They should be different depending on the type of organizations under consideration since they imply an emphasis on varying virtues. When complemented by the description of basic operations, these elements will allow providing solid moral grounds for the population. Therefore, this paper aims to present a constitutional design proposal intended for restructuring political, economic, and cultural institutions consisting of their scope of actions and formal rules. Political Institutions An Ideal Set of Institutions Finding solutions to the problems of the modern secular state should start with the consideration of politics as a field essential for developing the basis for other areas to follow. Hence, its institutions should incorporate vital components of what an ideal community should be. In other words, they should include both traditional institutions and an entity serving as a link between them while observing the moral aspect of their functioning. 1 In the case of this initiative, an optimal set of organizations with respect to the specified needs would be the combination of essential actors. They include political parties protecting the interests of various categories of citizens, the system of courts at different levels, the government, and a special body ensuring the morality of their actions. The last element will be aimed at addressing typical challenges deriving from non-compliance of secular notions to real-life situations. Formal Rules It is critical to establish clear formal rules for the proposed set of political institutions since they should cover all the aspects of their activity. For the purposes of this project, these regulations for both individuals and organizations are connected to securing access of all people to social benefits and proper distribution of income and wealth. 2 These provisions will be added by the requirement to promote national unity and identity, implying the focus on both external and internal virtues. 3 Their suitability is confirmed by Galatians 5:22-23: “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law.” 4 Accordingly, the specified actors will be guided by the principle of the common good in all its aspects. Institutions in Action The work of the identified institutions will allow eliminating the revealed problems in the area, which are the division of spheres of human life and the advancement of improper values deriving solely from logic. Consequently, the cooperation of the political entities
Introduction A gang is an organized group of criminals that often dominate territories in a community and engages in regular illegal activity with hopes of lucrative benefits. This illicit activity includes violent crime, procuring, distribution of narcotics, fraud, and robberies (Dunbar, 2017). It destroys the country’s economy since gangs’ criminal activity leads to increased spending on justice and health care (Dunbar, 2017). It is also damaging to the community because having a gang member in the neighborhood evokes fear in citizens (Dunbar, 2017). Many risk factors come with gang membership, including incarceration and exposure to violent crime that can lead to fatal consequences. Since individuals become gangsters despite these risks, it is necessary to investigate what influences people to join a gang. This paper will explore the state of the problem in Canada and use the rational choice theory to explain the motivation of gang members. Although the lucrative benefits may seem to be the only reason gangsters engage in their activity, there is also broad psychological reasoning behind it. Criminal Activities and Member Profiles of Gangs The illegal activity of gangs is a crucial problem in Canada. Involvement in criminal groups occurs in young people of both genders and living both in cities and rural areas (EPS, n.d.). The youth are more inclined to be involved in gangs than adults (Allen & Superle, 2016). Statistics show that “from 2005 to 2014, 29% of homicides involving a youth accused were identified as gang-related” (Allen & Superle, 2016, para. 48). Furthermore, 57% of adolescents accused of property crimes were co-offenders, which is the highest percentage among different age groups (Allen & Superle, 2016). Although co-offending does not necessarily imply the engagement in gangs, it may be assumed that a certain number of young people charged with a robbery committed the crime with their gang fellows. Thus, the activity of criminal groups is dangerous not only because it breaks the public peace but also due to the high involvement of youth who ruin their lives by joining such bands. If the criminal activity of gangs is omitted, they appear to be similar to any other social group distinguished by specific attributes. For example, gangsters may utilize some symbols of belonging to a group, such as tattoos, clothes, or hand signs (Dunbar, 2017). From a sociological point of view, the existence of gangs is an explainable phenomenon. Nevertheless, due to the malicious nature of these organized groups, it is crucial to cope with them to reduce their negative influence on the community. What is more difficult to understand is why young people choose to join criminals rather than other social groups. The major reasons for this include poverty, dysfunctional families, identity problems, lack of educational or career opportunities, or the pres