ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Divorce has become a common practice within the contemporary society. In particular, this practice is dominant in developed nations (Cornia 10). Governments have taken transformative legal considerations. The considerations aim at keeping up with the high rates of divorce. These measures are undertaken to ensure all people are acquainted with the legal implications in divorce. Majorly, family and civil laws have the largest dominance in solving divorce-related suits. In developing world, the customary laws are used to solve certain issues of divorce. However, there are debates concerning issues of equality and gender discrimination in the practice of these customary laws. Therefore, the predominant contemporary legal frameworks within these nations are frequently applied to solve problems associated with divorce. Cases of divorce are eminent within all populations. Notably, most studies indicate the disparities in the occurrence of divorce within different segments of population. For instance, it is true that cases of divorce are more rampant amongst people with low income. This trend is also notable amongst couples with low levels of education (Cohen & Wright 18). Generally, these categories of people are more likely to undertake divorce as compared to the individuals with high income. On the other hand, there are minimal cases of divorce within populations of married people that have high levels of economic income and quality education. These patterns are evident in the developing countries as much as developed nations. Various theories and explanative models have been advanced to explain these disparities (Benson & Marshall 21). Theorists and marriage sociologists continue to expound on this matter. The lack of quality and empirical processes includes some of the potential hurdles that hinder comprehensive explanations on this matter. The poor and less educated families have limited access to basic psychosocial support services within the society. Scholars indicate that proper counseling before marriage is critical. This is for all partners intending to indulge in the institution. Professional marriage counselors offer these services at high rates. Religious leaders are also involved in counseling processes (Wolfinger 34). Nonetheless, adequate counseling knowledge is derived from trained professionals. Most poor and less educated people are not even aware of the existence of these services within their immediate environments. In the contrast, the rich and well-educated people have this information. They appreciate the significance of utilization of marriage counseling services. Apart from this, they also have the financial and material capacity to access these services from th
In the current world, art has become quite essential because it is believed to unite different cultures. Due to this factor, many artists have emerged in order to exploit and promote art. This paper will discuss some of these artist and their contributions to the world of art. Margaret Kilgallen and Barry McGee Margaret is best known for her murals and paintings which typified a range of influences. These influences consisted of mural painting, dying art of hand-painted signs, formal painting policy and American folk art elements. Since childhood, she admired the work of Mexican and Southwest artists and this drove her to apply their employment of warm colors in her individual paintings. Most of her work especially in acrylic and gouache typified how much she loved symbology and typographic styles (Hodge 155). Her work exemplified how she was commitment and admired craftsmanship and day to day human live. Her work was quite interesting because she used handmade rather than mechanical materials which made it appear real. Barry McGee work is relatively iconic because essential figures overlooked vague background of drips, color and pattern (Hodge 175). His work was extremely significant on the metropolitan art field. His work was not as interesting as Kilgallen because there was a feeling of racism when he presented the portrait of shoes. Mel Chin Mel Chin works is mostly aggravated by social, cultural and political status. Most of his works concentrated on the chief art styles which included; earthworks, minimalism and conceptualism (Hodge 210). His work was very effective because he rescued deserted homes and explored maltreated cultures with the intention of bringing a bright future to neglected persons and their culture. His work is interesting because it touches people’s life in general especially the problems they face in everyday life. James Turrell James Turrell works mostly focus on two themes space and light. His work was quite effective in conveying these two themes especially he invented the volcanic crater. The volcanic crater helps people to observe celestial phenomena and the observers are able to change their insight or opinion of light (Hodge 215). His work is believed to be quite unique because it revolves around very important aspects of life. Light and space are in most cases taken for granted, but by observing Turrell works; one may start to realize how important they are in everyday life. Mark Dion Mark Dion is popular because his installations employ scientific representations. Typically, his work analyzes the manner in which public institutions and central beliefs promote people’s perception of knowledge, history and ordinary world (Hodge 233). His main goal is to infringe a small part of central culture, to confront convention and perception. He develops works that puts doubts in people’s minds about the differences between irrational controls and objective scientific techniques. His works are also interesti
Summary Bright not broken: Gifted Kids, ADHD, and autism , the book by Kennedy, Banks, and Grandin (2011) focuses on the issues about the identification and education of twice-exceptional children (2e children). These are the children who simultaneously have exceptional gifts such as academic, physical, or intellectual abilities, and a developmental or learning impairment such as the autism spectrum disorder or the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The book is divided into three parts. The first one discusses nuances related to the identification of 2e children. It is stated that such kids are often perceived as lazy, unintelligent, or defiant by their teachers, which leads to severe problems with the child’s development; therefore, it is paramount to efficaciously identify these children to be able to properly address their needs. The second part deals with the nature of the issues that 2e children are faced with. The authors discuss the flaws that exist in the American mental health and educational systems. In particular, it is stressed that many children are labeled with numerous disorders and are treated accordingly, often with strong medications, whereas in the reality they do not have these disorders, but may have other disabilities that remain unaddressed; also, the currently existing educational system lacks methods to properly deal with the 2e children. Finally, the third part focuses on the methods that can be employed to help 2e children. Here, the importance of building a culture that would defi
Introduction Beowulf is a title that refers to an old and very informative epic poem. Its setting is Scandinavia, and a lot of importance is attached to the field of literature. This essay analyzes the role of women in Beowulf. The plot of the poem unfolds around a hero of the Geats by the name Beowulf who encounters three rivals; Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and a dragon. Grendel is mainly involved in attacking the warriors of the mead hall. The hero is engaged in different battles, but after winning two of them, he retires to his homeland in Sweden. There he gets the title of being the king of the Geats, and later, he engages in his final battle where he survives fatal injuries that lead to his death. Female characters in Beowulf are very important, as they help to understand of the entire poem and also the culture of the people in ancient times (Orchard 8). This paper discusses the role of women in Beowulf with much emphasis given to the specific characters, their roles, and how they are viewed. Female Characters in Beowulf According to Porter (3), there are six significant female characters in Beowulf. They are Thryth, Hygd, Wealtheow, Freawaru, Hildeburh, and Grendel’s mother. These women characters can be grouped into pairs according to their ranks and the roles they play in the society, for instance, Wealtheow and Hygd are queen and hostess, respectively. Hildeburh and Freawaru act as peacekeepers and peace weavers and participate in controversial situations in the society while Thryth and Grendel’s mother is depicted as monsters, although in different aspects. They, in most instances, counter the hostesses and peace weavers by acting in a more masculine way. They utilize their physical strength and weapons as a means of impacting their influence on society as opposed to the use of words or even social aspects like marriages, as it is the case with the majority of women. The different women characters portrayed in Beowulf act as a way through which we can get a general overview of the gender roles in the Anglo-Saxon society of that time in general (Nilson 1). Roles of Women in Beowulf Women play a variety of roles at different times and occasions. They are supposed to recognize the bravery of their men at all times and to perform ceremonial practices entailing the passing of the mead cup. That is a way of taking care of the men’s welfare, satisfying their bodies and souls, that is a pure woman’s role. In Beowulf, gender roles typical for the Anglo-Saxon society of that time are shown. Women serve as peacekeepers and weavers through their presence in all the post-battle sections of Beowulf. Peacekeeping is a role that gives women some form of identity. That, for example, can be seen in their effort in arranging marriages between clans that are surrounded by conflicts as they clearly understand the importance of peace and that its absence leads to failure in almost every aspect of life. In Beowulf, the rol
Introduction Shelter is considered one of the most basic human needs. As far back as can be archeologically traced, human beings and their predecessors have sought to improve the structures they inhabit. A mark of development in the human race can be indicated by the increased complexity in living structures over time (Price, 2010). The architecture of buildings is tied up to all other aspects of living at any given time in human history, be they social, economical or environmentally related. The type of structures made were and still are determined by the availability of building materials, the level of development of building tools, the climatic conditions, and the economic resources available to the builder. Architecture in ancient Mesopotamia and how it tied up with economics/trade, agriculture and family life Ancient Mesopotamia, which is present day Iraq, is one of the earlier civilizations. The region thrived because of agricultural practices carried out between the Rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Mesopotamia literally means ‘land between two rivers’. The Mesopotamian civilization had all the marks of a typical civilization in its architecture. Their cities had the assortment of buildings ranging from temples, palaces to private residential houses (Price, 2010). Excavations done have revealed the remains of the temples built in the place that was originally known as Uruk. Other temple buildings have been found in the Diyala River Valley that belonged to the Early Dynasty. In Nippur, there have been excavated temples from the Third Dynasty, and in Ugarit there have been excavated the remains of temples from the Bronze Age. The inhabitants of ancient Mesopotamia made use of materials available in their immediate environment to build their houses. It was the Mesopotamians who discovered the use of the wheel. This contraption which went a long to ease labor had a major impact on different aspects of Mesopotamian life, not least among them, her architecture. Since bulk materials could now be moved from place to place with no difficulty, it meant that larger structures could be put up where before this would have been impossible (Matthews, 2003). The walls of buildings were of brick mud, and the doors of wood. Like modern residential housing, residential houses in ancient Mesopotamia had one large room that would be a termed a living room today. From this, there were several smaller adjacent rooms that served the purpose of sleeping and cooking. It is apparent that each family constructed their own housing as the general planning, style and size varied greatly within large areas of human settlements (Dow, 2005). Mesopotamia was a monarchy, and they built lavish palaces for their kings. The earliest known palaces a
The current case study entails leasing computers at Persistent Learning, an educational software company. Leasing Computers is in the midst of making a financial decision on the most appropriate way of acquiring assets (computers and related hardware) for purposes of expansion. Owing to its financial position, the company has two options of financing its expansion objective. The options are to undertake a “fair-market-value” lease and the “one-dollar-purchase”. Under the fair-market-value” lease the company would be under rental agreement while under the “one-dollar-purchase” the company would provide financing for the computers purchase. This case study analysis is an attempt to answer different questions relating to the “fair -market-value” less and “one-dollar-purchase” less options. In addition, it provides the most effective and appropriate choice between the two leasing options. Based on the case study, Persistent Learning competitors own their computers which give them a competitive advantage over rivals. Competitors own their computers because they have a higher cash-flow compared to Persistent Learning. In addition the companies have an outstanding capital base that enables them to purchase computers. Companies with their own competitors treat the computers as fixed assets which is a long term investment in an organization. Also, the companies with computers are flexible as they do not have to negotiate with third party capital equipment providers. This saves time and a lot of paperwork often incurred during a leasing process. By owning capital equipment such as computers, such an ownership enables the companies to enjoy economic life of the capital. Furthermore, the companies can easily sell old computers or upgrade them at a much cheap prices. Accounting for “fair-market-value” and “one-dollar-purchase” Within a period of three years, fair market value lease would be accounted for as an operating expense or lease payments as opposed to an asset to Persistent learning. On the other hand, one dollar purchase would be accounted for as an asset since the company would get to own the computers after a period of three years. Under the fair market value the equipments are accounted for as operating expenses because the company would be paying for the equipments for which they lack ownership obligations. The fair market value as a leasing expense is accounted for on the company’s income statement. One dollar purchase would be accounted for as both a liability and an asset and recorded on the balance sheet. It is accounted for as an asset as it reflects the equipments’ value to the organizations. On the other hand, it is accounted for as a liability because Persistent Learning has an obligation to pay the lease expenses to the lesser. As an asset, the equipment acquired through the one dollar purchase would depreciate during the three year p
Introduction The fact that multiple digestive disorders are similar to each other poses a challenge to nurses. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have many common traits in clinical presentation and etymology. However, their pathophysiological mechanisms differ, thus resulting in patients needing a particular treatment for each condition. One of the patient factors that affect the development of both disorders is behavior – people’s dietary choices and nutrition play a significant role in exacerbating and treating both IBD and IBS. Such digestive disorders as IBD and IBS have many common characteristics and symptoms and are affected by patients’ diet. Pathophysiology Behavioral and genetic factors have an impact on the development of IBD. According to Hammer and McPhee (2014), some people possess unique genes that increase the susceptibility of their body for both variations of IBD. Moreover, various bacteria and viruses, as well as smoking, food, and mental health problems can also lead to the progression of the condition (Huether & McCance, 2017). In IBD, the intestine cannot respond to the antigens introduced with foods and bacteria because it loses the necessary immune tolerance. As a result, each encounter with these antigens leads to the organ’s inflammation, lesions, and ulceration. The pathophysiology of IBS is connected to motility and interaction of one’s brain and gut (Chey, Kurlander, & Eswaran, 2015). However, the causes of abnormal motility are not understood by the specialists fully. They may occur due to a variety of factors and lead to an increase in gut bacteria and antibodies, resulting in inflammatory processes (Hammer & McPhee, 2014). The main similarity of these processes is the abnormal response of the gut flora to food and bacteria. However, IBS is also characterized by muscle contraction abnormalities. Common Treatments The treatment plan for IBD usually includes drug therapy and lifestyle changes. Anti-inflammatory medications are used to treat this disorder, but each specific drug may be more or less useful for one type of IBD than another. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs are utilized to control exacerbations (Huether & McCance, 2017). Some patients with IBD may require surgery to remove the affected part of the intestine – this i
Introduction This report is aimed at examining the response to the collapse of 35W Mississippi River Bridge in Minneapolis. In particular, it is necessary to focus on the use of National Incident Management System (NIMS) which is supposed to be the guideline for local, state, and federal agencies. It is one of the main frameworks that enable various agencies to align their efforts during emergency situations. Furthermore, one should evaluate the strengths and weaknesses in the work of various organizations. These are the main questions that should be discussed. Overall, one can argue that this incident can be used to evaluate the ability of governmental organizations to work together on various tasks. The use of the NIMS First, it should be noted that the state government invested into NIMS training, and approximately 2000 employees participated in this program (Stambaugh and Cohen 3). The representatives of various agencies were allowed to work together while responding to hypothetical emergency situations. The collapse of 35W Mississippi River Bridge indicated that the use of NIMS is critical for various organizations. First of all, in the course of the operation, the agencies used mostly the documentation required by the NIMS standards (Stambaugh and Cohen 3). Moreover, one can mention that that the response to this incident included by each of the ten NIMS elements (Stambaugh and Cohen 29). For example, one can mention emergency medical services, hazardous materials service, law enforcement agencies, safety communications, and so forth (Stambaugh and Cohen 29). Additionally, logistics operations were carried out according to the standards of the NIMS. It should be taken into consideration that there was Minnesota variant of the National Incident Management System (Stambaugh and Cohen 5). Nevertheless, the co-existing of two approaches did not impair the work of the rescues. This is one of the main issues that can be identified. Overall, different elements of the NIMS ensured that different teams could quickly work out the most effective response strategies. The strengths of the response operation It is possible to identify several positive aspects in the work of organizations responsible for the operation. First of all, one can speak about good coordination of different agencies such fire departments and healthcare organizations. This is one of the main requirements that were emphasized during the NIMS training. This coordination enabled emergency personnel to assist the victims as soon as possible. Overall, the ability to align the efforts of various agencies was critical for the progress of the operation. Moreover, one can argue that the rescuers were able to develop a course of an appropriate action. For instance, they managed address various challenges such as concrete and
Teacher is a very important person in children’s life. Teacher spends much time with children during their school days. But children do not usually know about the problems, which young teacher usually faced with. First of all it should be mentioned that the first working day on a new job is the most difficult and also the most important thing in life of everybody. Before the first day at work, a new teacher is very unsure and frustrated, he is inconvenient and frightened. Jim Lang felt the same. The first time he felt self-confident was when he helped a group of students to remember a title of the book they had read. He writes: Hey, I know something. I am one of the literature experts around here. If you are having a literary emergency of any sort, call Dr. Lang; he knows what the hell he is talking about (Lang 12). But still, it was a great challenge for him to go on his first lesson to students. He was worried about a lot of questions, which may concern a young teacher: whether the students would like him, whether he would be able to maintain discipline in class, whether he would be able to organize his schedule so that he could find time for his job and family (a wife and two daughters). In the morning of his first day, he was very nervous. Lang describes almost every minute of his preparing as if it would be his last day in life. When he came to the class he didn’t know what to do. He was trying to overcome his nervousness and to calm down. Walking to his class he tried to remember the advice to young teachers he was writing before:  1. If you want to establish rapport with students and create a good climate for discussion, arrive in class at least five minutes early and try to engage them in casual conversation.  2. The first day of class is the most important day of the semester. It sets the tone of the semester and should offer students a taste of what they will be experiencing throughout the course. Do not just walk in, read the syllabus, let them go early. Engage them. Get them excited about starting the semester (Lang 12). But when Lang entered the classroom, he understood that all he knew about teaching was difficult to work on those “bodies” (Lang 11), as he called the students. Nobody looked at him, the students were doing their own business. He wanted to disappear, to finish the class without starting it, he writes, “I don’t want to be here any more than you do. Let’s all just go home. I will not tell if you will not.” (Lang 12) But nevertheless he started his lesson. He did overcome himself and it was his greatest challenge. Of course, later there were some unique series of events for the author. In the second semester at his new job, a chronic illness results in a series of three one-week hospitalizations. Also, during his early years at Assumption, his mother’s illness required frequent trips away, and she subsequently died. (Bayer, 98) Jim Lang felt uncomfortable in that situation at hi