ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The domain of health promotion and disease prevention is undergoing fast transition with the emergence of new knowledge and development of new practices, and the rising rates of chronic diseases are creating new health challenges before health care providers. Health promotion is defined as “the art of science of motivating people to enhance their lifestyle to achieve complete health, not just the absence of disease” through a combination of strategies to increase awareness, facilitate behavior change, and develop cultures and physical environments that encourage and support healthy lifestyle practices. As the medical costs are expected to exceed 16% of U.S gross domestic product in 2005 and to grow at 7.2% annually through 2015, and even with highest per capita medical costs in the world the United States ranks 26 th in terms of healthy life expectancy, it is suggested that strategies are critically needed to control U.S. medical costs (Background for the health promotion first (funding integrated research , synthesis and training) act and the healthy work force act , 2005). Only through concerted efforts of all the health care providers for changing existing attitudes and practices, adopting realistic strategic planning, and setting goals with measurable results that guide future efforts and improvement these challenges could be surmounted. Body An organization is a collection of individuals who must work together to accomplish common goals, and good management is a collective responsibility of every member of the organization. The organization and its leadership as well as individuals who make up the organization have some specific elements to contribute to the organization’s success. Anticipating and preparing for the future is an important leadership function and the process of managing the constant change that affects almost any organization is captured by the strategic planning proces
Introduction The book “Globalization and race: Transformations in the Cultural Production of Blackness”, explores a number of issues related to the race of the “black”. The book mainly revolves around diasporic movements, missions and modernities, geographies of racial belonging and the popular blackness and legitimacy. The book is a collection of essays which explore the change in perception of the black people with recent developments in globalization. According to the author, “it illuminates the connections between contemporary global processes of racialization and trans-national circulations set in motion by imperialism and slavery.” Several writers give their opinions which suggest that imperialism and slavery was still the order of the day in some ways. The main concern is the life of the black people who live away from home that is in the European and Americas. The author refers to this kind of people as Diaspora in the book. Some writers have tried to explore the contents of the book and why the “black other” is central in explaining the experiences of the African diaspora. The first part of the book, entitled “Diasporic Movements, Missions, and Modernities,” shows how earlier models of racialized subject formation provide a foundation for the continuation or reinterpretation of these political, social, and economic identities in the current process of globalization. In part two “Geographies of Racial Belonging,” the authors focus on clarifying how the mapping of diasporic circulations of belonging articulate with the kinds of relations that emerges in local fields of engagement. In the final section of the book, “Popular Blacknesses, Authenticity and New Measures,” the focus is explicitly on addressing the ways that “the mapping of race and space has also influenced, and has been influenced by, the production of popular cultural forms.” Diaspora and Desire Gendering “Black America” in Black Liverpool By Jacqueline Brown The term “Black Other” here means brother hood or rather identification with a fellow African. “The terms black Liverpool and black America, no less than the African diaspora, refer to ‘racialized’ geographies of the imagination. The mapping of racial signifiers onto geographical ones lends such terms the illusion of referring to physical rather than social locations. That there is no actual space that one could call “the African Diaspora”,” (Kamari and Deborah 73). The researcher (Brown J.) did am investigation in the city of Liverpool, United Kingdom, in this essay the findings showed that the black Liverpool was attached to the Black American. According to Brown, “He became increasingly amazed at how frequently my informants would make discursive forays into “black America.” (Kamari and Deborah 73). Clearly this indicates that the “Black Liverpool” identified with the “Black America”. Thus the “Black Other” was a very essential factor in their social, political and cultural structures. She argues that, Diaspora culture is not connected to the home land by citing the example, “Black Britons’ connection to black South Africans is based on neither a
Introduction There is a common concern of the constant struggle between modern medicine and cultural beliefs that oppose the modern treatment. The story of Lia is painful and tragic but it presents a distinct illustration of how traditions and culture can clash with the contenporary medicine. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize major concepts of the course and relate them to experiences described in the story. Ethical Situation in the Story The book describes the story of Lia struggling with epilepsy that worries both the family and doctors. As the story begins, it is possible for the reader to relate with the experiences doctors have at the hospital as they try to solve Lia’s problem. One can easily understand the doctors’ attitude and perceive Lia’s family as being selfish and ignorant since they are more interested in following their culture other than working with the medical workers to save the girl’s life. However, the author later presents the point of view of Lia’s family and the reason they take such a stand. After this, readers can understand how the Hmong people interpret and comprehend certain things that impact on their beliefs on treating such illnesses (Fadiman, 1998). Ethical Principles in the strory Cultural understanding The most important and conspicuous ethical principle in the story is the understanding of the existence of diverse cultures in the world. Equally significant is learning what views these cultures present in the quest for a common goal of healing (Black, 2013). In the story, the predicaments of Lia are caused by persistent misunderstanding based on diverse religious perspectives. The conflict is also based on the existing language barrier that made Lia’s family be noncompliant to Lia’s medical instructions. Similarly, the doctors are unwilling to consider cultural beliefs of the Hmong in their treatment of the girl. The author presents a struggle of different beliefs and cultures in the characters of the medical workers and Lia’s parents with each emphasizing on their way in the treatment. The people of Hmong are described to have fought different cultures over centuries. For instance, they were forced to leave China where they belonged to Laos then to Thailand, and later to the United States. These movements exposed them to different cultures that threatened their cultural beliefs and practices (Fadiman, 1998). Throughout the history, the nation of Hmong has had no motivation to assimilate to other cultures because they spent their lives in the traditional South East Asia mountain villages in almost complete isolation. Differently Ethical Discussion In the story, Fadiman (1998) seems to be acutely aware of the frustrations faced by the medical professionals in providing health care to individuals from different cultures. Despite these people having radically practiced worldviews, the author is able to present a case to physicians to acknowledge and understand such family realities (Black, 2013). Much like the present Hmong people in America who chose not to assimilate themselves to the American culture, it was easy for the pre-war Hmong to resist assimilation to more
This paper deals with health services provided by the hospitals and nursing and care centers, to the patients who are suffering from diseases which are not usually curable. The paper raises some points that the hospital CEO’s can do to make such incurable diseases less painful, as well as help the patients in living the rest of their numbered days of life in peace and as much happiness as possible. The paper takes into account a movie named “The bucket List”, which deals with such an incurable disease. It shows how the protagonists try to live as happily as possible and do all that they ad ever wanted to do in their lives. The movie “The Bucket List” shows two men, Jack Nicholson and Morgan Freeman, from different walks of life, who suffer from cancer and are brought for tests and are admitted in the same hospital. They become friends while living there. Both have little time left, as told to them by the hospital authorities. So, they make a list of all the things they had always wanted to do in their lives, and had never got an opportunity to do so. They call that list, a bucket list. To make their last days of life more meaningful and probably less painful than expected, both the men set out to carry out their to-do tasks. At some point of time, their lives intersect at a point and they tend to help each other achieve the other’s desire or wish. Their lists include some of the following tasks:   * Witness something truly majestic   * Help a complete stranger for a common good   * Laugh till I cry   * Drive a Shelby Mustang   * Kiss the most beautiful girl in the world   * Get a tattoo   * Skydiving   * See the pyramids   * Get back in touch   * See Rome Now, to get all these desires fulfilled and all the wishes come true, there has to be a source, which must get this done. It may be the patient’s family, or the hospital itself, or even the government. Whatever the source may be, the aim is to make the patient’s life as smooth and happy as possible. As asked in the paper, what is the role of the CEO’s of the hospital? The CEO’s of the hospital must take a step to alleviate the pain of the patients who are in such a condition. They must advice them to pray regularly. Besides that, the patients must be given full opportunity to do what they always wanted to do in their lives, so that, they don’t have any regrets. Their families must also be completely supportive in making the patients realize their dreams and fancies. The most important thing is that they should not be continuously reminded of their disease. Besides, as long as they are living in the hospital, the staff must make it sure that such patients are provided with, as much as possible, all the things they desire. For example, they can be p
Rationale Behind Woodford’s Actions Against the Fraud On the one hand, Woodford made the right decisions as to the company’s chief executive. As the top manager of the company who signs major documents for the corporation, included published financial statements, Woodford had the responsibility of ensuring that operations are done effectively (Lorsch, Suraj and Durante 1). The historical problems in a company have the potential of affecting the current performance and Woodford was not ready to be held accountable for something he knew nothing about. With the vast experience in the management realm, Woodford was just doing his duties in the right way. As a leader, he had the mandate of ensuring that everything was done based on the corporate standards of operation. He believed in accountability as one of the key practices in corporate management. Therefore, he had the responsibility of responding to the report published in the Facta article. As the company’s chief executive, he would answer the questions regarding the Olympus fraud. Therefore, Woodford decided to seek answers and facts surrounding the fraud before it went out of hand (Elam, Madrigal, and Maura 325). On the other hand, Woodford did not handle the Olympus fraud in the right way. He had been working for Olympus for more than two decades in the European context. He did not take his time to understand the values, policies, and legal aspects of management in the Japanese context. As a result, he was doing things in the wrong way because he was unable to get along with the system. First, the Japanese have a culture of denial and ignoring negative publicity. Second, corporate management in Japan does not give the chief executive the authority to undertake mandates
Abstract Considering that the legal migrants have high selection of the jobs available makes them less productive to the economy of the United States. One can become a legal migrant through relatives. Others are temporary legal immigrants with invitations by employers in the United States. The government should consider that illegal immigrants contribute to the economy of the United States when enforcing the reforms. The illegal immigrants provide the United States with the type of workers the country needs, any time, and anywhere in the country. However, policy reforms that support legalization of illegal immigrants because of their timing of arrival, occupational mobility, and skills would lower than raise the economy of the United States. The government needs to be cautious when controlling the illegal immigration to ensure that the costs do not outweigh the benefits. The study will include the demographics of the illegal immigration, its history, the immigration policy, and the impact that the illegal immigration has on the economy of the United States. Introduction According to Anrig and Wang (2004), illegal immigration is a major concern in the government of the United States. The population of illegal immigrants in the United States has risen from five million to approximately 12 million in the last 10 years creating the image that the country has lost control of its borders. The congress has approved measures to ensure that the borders have restrictions on the flow of unauthorized migrants. The politicians are also in the process of enforcing immigration laws that promote legal immigration and discourage illegal immigration. This will help the United States to improve its economy. High numbers of illegal migrants cause threats to the economy of a country. A comprehensive review of the incentives, disincentives, benefits, and cost of the illegal immigration contributes to additional analysis of the economy of the United States. The country should consider legalizing the illegal immigrants with potential of contributing high tax, individuals with skills, and high net of the costs of public services. These immigrants will yield an increase the income of the United States leading to fast growth in the economy. However, illegal immigrants with low contribution to the economy slow down economic growth in a country (Passel & Cohn, 2008). The United States considers both skilled and unskilled workers because the low skilled workers are high-income earners in jobs, such as cleaning services, construction, and food preparation. These jobs have high demand in the United States leading to relative high wages. The United States politicians should consider balancing the skilled and non-skilled workers to avoid labor shortage and to increase tax contribution into the economy. The impact of illegal immigration in the United States is a challenge to the immigration policies associated with the economy, such as those with effects on the civil rights, national security or political life leading to obvious flaws. The increa
Introduction Quality education is one of the key measures that many stakeholders in the learning sector have put the focus on as they try to restructure the education system to meet the changeable needs. Scholars have conducted massive research into this field, and their findings revolve around the issue of staff ratios and effective class sizes, among other factors (Coram, 2007). However, staff ratios and class sizes depend on several issues, including the amount of funding an institution gets within a given financial year. In this paper, the researcher will critically review several scholarly articles to determine the recommended school staffing ratios and class sizes within the United States. Emerging Themes One of the main emerging themes, as shown in the article by Coram (2007), is the issue of school staffing ratios. This article focuses on the appropriate staffing ratios at different levels of learning. This scholar gives an example of a recommended staffing ratio at Maori Immersion School compared to other schools. Maori Immersion Student to Teacher Staffing Ratio Year of schooling  Māori Immersion Teacher: Student ratio  Non-Māori Immersion Teacher: Student ratio Year 1             1:15                                    1:15                                       Year 2–3           1:18                                    1:23                                       Year 4–8           1:18                                    1:29                                       Year 9–10          1:20                                    1:23.5                                     Year 11            1:20                                    1:23                                       Year 12            1:18                                    1:18                                       Year 13 or above   1:17                                    1:17                                        Source (Coram, 2007) In this article, the Maori Immersion School was chosen because it was one of the best performing schools in the district. In this particular article, the researcher wanted to determine if there was a relationship between the good performance and staffing ratio. That explains why there was a comparison between the staffing ratio at this institution and that of other average schools. As shown in the table above, it is clear that the ratio of teacher to the student at the Maori Immersion School was higher than that of other schools (Coram, 2007). For every single teacher, there were fewer students at this school as compared to the number of students in other schools. The research by Jepsen and Rivkin (2009) confirms the argument that when a teacher is assigned to a manageable number of students, the quality of learning tends to improve. Another emerging theme from the article by Coram (2007) is that at lower levels of learning, pupils need more attention from their teachers. For this reason, the ratio of teacher to the student should be higher. As they get to advanced levels of learning, th
Introduction Such social phenomenon as homelessness has a very old tradition; its origins can be traced throughout Antiquity, Middle Ages and Renaissance. This term has a wide range of meanings: first, it denotes inability to buy or rent regular housing or any other form of residence. This notion has several constituent parts like inability to receive appropriate medical services, stigmatization by other members of the community, failure to withstand one’s rights in the court and many other aspects (Helvie & Kunstmann, 1999). It should be pointed out that status of homeless people in the society varies from one country to another: in the United States, Western Europe or Australia, they have better opportunities of deriving support of the government, while in Russia this layer of the population is virtually unprotected from any external harm (Helvie & Kunstmann, 1999). But there are some common features and difficulties faced by these individuals. Main Body Perhaps, the most stressful problem is the stereotypes, deep-rooted practically in every society. First, more successful citizens in many regions of the world tend to believe that the current state of homeless people is mostly due to alcohol abuse, low professional skills or even laziness. Undoubtedly, this is just a misconception but it is very strong. The most widespread causes of homelessness are unemployment, high cost of real estate, environmental disasters or even former imprisonment especially in Post-Soviet countries (Helvie & Kunstmann, 1999). While analyzing the nature of this phenomenon and obstacles encountered by these people, we should also mention the attitude of the state. The thing is that bureaucratic machinery frequently turns into an impassable labyrinth for them. For example, in order to obtain qualified medical aid or to file a written request to any governmental agency, a person needs to register and specify address etc. If someone does not possess fixed adobe, he or she will have to fight against red tape and other forms of bureaucracy. Furthermore, crimes committed against them often remain unpunished. Of course, these cases are investigated by the police but it is not done diligently (Levinson, 2004). As it has been noted before, homele
Introduction: The Role of Huiguans in Chinese American Communities The paper analyzes the history of Huiguans that represent the development of the organizational support of the Chinese citizens in the early Chinese American formations. The groupings were founded on the basis of both family and district organizations. The first establishment of the foundations was traced in 1851 and can be aligned with the discovery of gold, which was sustained in San Francisco, and resulted in the attraction of the Chinese citizens to the US spaces (“Fallen Leaves Homecoming: Notes on the 1893 Gold Mountain Charity Cemetery in Xinhui” par. 2). The initial aim of creating Huiguans concerned providing assistance to the immigrant laborers from China, in America, as well as aiding the consolidation of Chinese. Subsequently, the local support groupings were uniting their forces and shaping the huge regional unions, which, gradually, differentiated four major Huiguan clans. Since the groupings were perceived as the powerful authority establishments and benefited from consolidating a big number of Chinese, Huiguans developed internal competitiveness, which targeted gaining social control over the Chinese citizens (Lai 17). The attempts of Huiguans to impose their power over the life of the immigrants, as well as adjusting the system of American legislature to the needs of the Chinese, played a critical role for the Chinese communities in the USA. The Impact of Huiguans: Clan Formation and Politicization Despite the history of Huiguans’ unions development contains the evidence of rivalry, the groupings revealed the potential for clan consolidation, which led to the improvement of the life level for the Chinese. The evidence of the fact is provided by the establishment of the CCBA-SF, which evolved as the joint resistance foundation that opposed anti-Chinese reforms in San Francisco, at the end of the 19th century (Kuah-Pearce and Du-Dehart 16). As a result, an authoritative organization, which consisted of six Huiguan companies, evolved. The impact of the organ on the Chinese community life was huge: the leaders of the CCBA-SF managed to prevent the sustention of anti-Chinese reforms in Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and El Salvador (Farkas 121). The regional Huiguan unions were not the only Chinese supporters, in America. The infrastructure of district clan associations played an essential role in the life of Chinese as well (Lee 342). Thus, the small assistance formations elaborated the level of medicine provision and social interaction, within the Chinese American communities as w