ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The promotion of an organisation’s brand is important to the organisation’s success. Any communication that will affect the brand must therefore be carefully planned. Integrated marketing communication (IMC) is a tool that emerged toward the end of the 1990s. As the name suggests, IMC integrates all tools or channels that an organisation uses to promote its brand. According to Wehling (1996, p. 22), IMC refers to the strategic co-ordination of not only the messages that an organisation sends to the public, but also the media that the organisation uses to build its brand image. Advertising as a promotional tool also seeks to create a good brand image for an organisation. Consequently, advertisers should have a good knowledge of the concept of IMC to effectively enhance the consistency and cohesiveness of released information that may affect the image of an organisation either directly or indirectly. This paper presents a critical analysis of the concept of IMC. The benefits of IMC to an organisation IMC enhances development of strong relationships between different departments of an organisation and customers. If effectively done, the customer will be able to ascertain information about purchasing an item. For instance, a customer will receive information about the various steps involved in purchasing a product or accessing a service, both essential to making informed decisions. The interaction between the parties in the purchasing process enables the organisation to nurture its relationship with customers and at the same time boost loyalty to its products and/or services. IMC enables an organisation to send a clear message to its target market. It is usual that prior to implementation of IMC, the different promotional tools of an organisation framed messages in a manner deemed to be effective and appropriate for each individual tool used. The ultimate result of this approach was usually that customers received different versions of information for a specific product or service. Thus, the potential for confusion existed, as it would be difficult for a customer to decipher which version to believe. In contrast, IMC provides a well-structured message as it ties together all of the promotional tools being used, thereby eliminating ‘promotional noise’ that may exist when messages are simultaneously sent out using different promotional tools. This strategy enables an organisation to remain competitive in the market and maximise its profitability. Another benefit of IMC is that it enables an organisation to engage all communication tools available to create greater awareness of its products or services. Research has shown that use of images in advertisements and direct mail are instrumental in enhancing advertisement awareness (Wightman1999, p.20). When implementing IMC, an organisation can utilise a variety of communication tools to create more avenues for increasing market awareness of a product. A combination of several tools plays a fundamental role in persuading potential customers to purchase a product. Consequently, the result will be an increase in
Smartphones are the latest rage in mobile phone technology. The yearly sale of mobile phones worldwide is more than a billion of which 20% accounted for smartphone sales (Kenny and Pon, 2011). There is a 100% annual increase in the sale of smartphones, and the high rate of penetration suggests that by the year 2015, there will be 2 billion smartphone users globally (Kenny and Pon, 2011). Both, Apple and Samsung have innovated smartphones and have a huge market share. Together, Apple and Samsung form a major chunk of the global smartphone industry. Data from the IDC suggests that Apple recorded a whopping jump of 10 million units in a single year by selling 18.7 million units worldwide as compared to 8.7 million units sold the previous year (Albanesius, 2011). Samsung ranks fourth in the race with a 10.8% market share, reporting a jump in units from 2.4 million to 10.8 million (Albanesius, 2011). With the introduction of the Samsung Galaxy S series smartphones, Samsung competes with Apple’s iPhone. This paper explores the comparing and contrasting factors of two major smartphone producers, Apple and Samsung. The paper seeks to find similarities and differences in the features and use of technology. Apple is the pioneer of mobile internet with its pioneering and revolutionary iPhone in 2007. Through the iPhone, Apple offered its users a fully functional web browser which would connect them to the internet universe directly (Kenny and Pon, 2011). Apple has its operating system the iOS which are vertically integrated with their handsets and application stores, giving users a unique experience. Samsung, on the other hand is a “handset-only manufacturer” which use licensed operating systems from Google Android (Kenny and Pon, 2011). Samsung uses a host of operating systems such as Android for the Galaxy S series and Windows 7 for its bada-powered smartphones. Even though the Samsung Galaxy S series and Apple’s iPhones have different operating systems, they appear to be similar in design and specifications. The screen, look and feel of Samsung smartphones is strikingly similar to that of the iPhone. Both phones use touch technology and have some similar software such as voice recognition. However, there are striking differences in the design and manufacture process of both smartphone companies. While Apple is completely involved in the development of its smartphone software, it is mainly a design company, unlike Samsung which is mainly a manufacturing company. This is the major point of contrast between the two giants. Many of Apple’s manufacturing needs are met by Samsung (Vergara, 2012). Samsung is the largest manufacturer and supplier of raw and finished technological parts with its operations based in South Korea (Vergara, 2012). Apple outsources its requirement for iPhone parts such as flash memory, DRAM and applications processor (AP), which account for 26% of its iPhone mechanical parts (Vergara, 2012). The App Store is Apple’s very own feature which enables it to sell applications to users of iPhone, making the novel and unique only to iPhone customers.
Article Summary An American doctor by the name Craig Spencer tested positive for Ebola after returning from West Africa. Spencer was working in Africa whereby he treated different Ebola patients. Craig Spencer was working in West Africa with Doctors Without Borders (DWB). The positive test caused a lot of concern in the country. The New York Government “was also scrutinizing every individual who had interacted with Spencer in an attempt to deal with the disease” (Sullivan & Ferris, 2014, p. 1). The article also explains how different New York officials began to prepare for the crisis. According to the article, the government was also identifying new measures to treat every Ebola patient in the country. The government also sent specialized teams from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) to New York. The American government was also undertaking new measures in order to deal with the disease. The government “was monitoring every traveler from Ebola hit regions for a period of three weeks” (Sullivan & Ferris, 2014, p. 2). According to Sullivan and Ferris (2014, p. 2), “over 9,200 Ebola cases had been confirmed in eight nations across the globe”. The highly hit nations “included Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia” (Sullivan & Ferris, 2014, p. 2). Relevance to Global Health Policy The world is currently unable to deal with the problem of Ebola. The U.S. government has identified new measures and strategies that can address this global crisis ( Ebola Characteristics, 2014). The article explains why the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international agencies s0.hould produce new treatment regimes for Ebola. Every government “should promote the best health practices and control measures” (Sullivan & Ferris, 2014, p. 1). The United Nations (UN) should revisit its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in order to deal with this threat. New researches will make it easier for the globe to support every country affected by this disease. Reference List Ebola Characteristics and Comparisons to Other Infectious Diseases. (2014). Web. Sullivan, P., & Ferris, S. (2014). New York Doctor Tests Positive for Ebola . Web.
Anxiety disorders are mental problems characterized by abnormally high levels of anxiety, which leads to negative outcomes in the life of the afflicted person. While anxiety is a natural human experience, anxiety in persons suffering from these disorders occur frequently and over prolonged periods. Anxiety disorders include “Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder (PD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)” (Bandelow 78). Several similarities and differences exist among these disorders. Similarity among the disorders is that they all negatively affect the lives of the patients. The people suffering from these disorders may be unable to carry out normal activities. Patients of SAD will avoid interactions with other people and employ tactics to avoid social performances (Lochner 377). This will negatively affect the social and professional life of the person. Individuals with PD will avoid taking part in everyday activities such as going to for shopping out of fear that a panic attack will occur. GAD results in intolerance to everyday uncertainties in life since the person finds indefinite situations stressful. OCD causes the person to avoid certain activities out of irrational thought. The individual might avoid carrying out responsibilities assigned to them at work or school due to their disorder. Individuals with PTSD may find it hard to form or maintain close relationships due to the emotional numbness or anger and aggression caused by the condition (Dyer 1100). There are differences in the causes of various disorders. SAD and PD are often caused by traumatic experiences faced during the individual’s childhood years. Lochner explains that physical and emotional abuses suffered in the early years by the individual are predictive to the development of these two anxiety disorders (377). PTSD is caused by past exposure to shocking or traumatizing events, for example, devastating accidents, brutal crimes, or life-threatening incidents. On the other hand, GAD is mostly caused by stressful life events being experienced by the person. Research suggests that OCD might have a genetic link since most OCD patients have family members with the same condition. The various anxiety disorders differ in their symptoms and physical manifestation. GAD is characterized by the chronic worry that might lead to stress and mild headaches. Symptoms of panic disorder include excessive fear, and a person can experience dizziness and chest pains. SAD can be characteriz
The planning and evaluation process of the identity theft case against the university professor will require several action steps. The actions that will be taken to recover the identity of the university professor will depend on the nature of the identity theft and the fraud committed. The first step will be to request the professor to confirm the presence of any anomalies in his monthly statements. If he observes any anomalies on his credit cards statements, or financial reports, he will be advised to inform his credit agencies immediately (Dadisho, 2005). The second action plan will depend on the errors detected in the professor’s monthly credit cards statements. Once the professor reports any anomaly, and the fraud team concludes there are grounds to believe a fraud has taken place, the fraud team will recommend to the professor that he files a preliminary fraud alert with his credit cards companies, or other agencies that deal with identity theft. He will also be asked to confirm his accounts details with these companies (Dadisho, 2005). Once a fraud is confirmed, the professor will be advised to file a protest form with the trade agency and an identity theft statement with the local law enforcement unit. Following this step, the professor will be instructed to make several copies of the police report and preserve the originals in a secure place. These documents will facilitate the investigation process (FBI, 2012). Depending on the nature of the identity theft, the professor will be advised to contemplate a second fraud notification. This type of alert lasts seven years. It obliges creditors to contact the professor in-person prior to opening new accounts. This final step helps creditors authenticate the identity of the person opening an account with them. This minimizes the chances of an identity theft (FBI, 2012). How to Stop or Minimize Identity Theft It is possible to stop or minimize identity theft. This argument is confirmed by the B. J. Thomas case. Miss Thomas lost 65,000 dollars in identity theft. A Federal Bureau of Investigation agent K. Barrows managed to solve this case, which was one of Americas’ long running fraud cases (O’brien, 2004). With the advent and increase in identity theft cases in modern years, major credit agencies across the world such as Equifax and Experian, began recommending credit supervision and personality fraud facilities to their customers for a fee (Roberson, 2008). Recommendations I would recommend several measures to prevent and minimize odds of fraud as a result of identity theft. First, I would recommend close monitoring of credit cards. Given that credit card statements contain transactions history, watchful credit card users can observe anomalies in their transactions. In view of this, credit users may need to subscribe to identity theft monitoring services, as an additional safety measure. Second, people should be advised to preserve their financial transactions data and review their monthly statements regularly to identify
Abstract Survival analysis is applied in different sectors with the aim of improving performance outcomes of organizations and individuals. This paper focuses on discussing the issue of survival analysis from two perspectives. Prior to providing a methodology and three applications of survival analysis and frailty, the paper provides a concrete introduction. In the methodology section, it provides the research methodology and design, sample selection, data sources and selection, data analysis procedure, theoretical framework, and methodological issues. In the applications section, summaries are provided, which are linked with the purpose and hypotheses of studies. Finally, the findings of the studies that are discussed in the paper show the usefulness of survival analysis. Introduction Scholars view survival analysis as a segment of statistics that deals with the assessment of periods prior to the happening of an event or multiple events (Aalen, 2013). It is applied with the aim of evaluating various phenomena. For example, one may be interested in determining how some characteristics may impact the probability of survival. Over the years, scholars have utilized the discipline in the field of medicine in order to study the specificity of death as an event that might happen based on a variety of factors. However, in the late 1970s the trend in the usage of survival economics took a completely different turn. Intellectuals in the field of economics and business merged the discipline with statistical analysis to unearth the occurrence of business-related events (Bagdonavicius, 2014). Nevertheless, even academicians in business and economics borrowed the term death from medicine to show the failure of one or more events (Epstein, 2014). As opposed to quantitative analysis, data used for assessment in the context of survival analysis differ for the reason that they usually lack normality in distribution. In addition, such data do not have the aspect of completeness of the information collected. The cloaked information, coupled with distribution-related abnormalities, culminates in specificity in terms of methodologies and arithmetical methods that are necessary for proper analysis. According to Diana (2013), survival analysis has increasingly become essential when conducting research studies in the filed of socio-economics. Such studies satisfy the need to investigate complicated incidents that involve unemployment, price escalation, demand, and supply. In fact, the areas may have critical impacts on loans from financial institutions, product life cycles, and producer-consumer relationships. This paper intends to produce a survival analysis methodology, provide its application, and produce results from three applicability examples. Methodology Research methodology and design In this contex
Important Step in the Analysis of Bullying The most important step in the student’s guide to research that I would need to analyze bullying is defining the topic. This is an important step because it involves full comprehension of the topic under study and determines how the other steps are conducted. For example, defining the topic allows the researcher to identify and evaluate the resources used in the study. First, it is important to understand the assignment and grasp all its requirements. In this case, I would need to understand what the term bullying means and all concepts related to the word. Second, it would be important to get a general overview of the topic from other areas of study. Examples of reliable reference sources to review include textbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedia, magazines, peer-reviewed journals, and feature articles. The topic definition involves the breakdown of a subject matter into its constituent concepts for easier comprehension. Also, it involves listing keywords to make the evaluation of sources easy. For example, keywords related to bullying include peer pressure, socialization, delinquency, behavioral deviance, and criminal deviance. How Bullying Relates To Agents of Socialization Family, schools, peers, and the media are agents of socialization that have a lasting effect on children’s abilities to interact with other people in society. Bullying is a behavior that is learned through socialization. Children learn how to talk, act in different situations, react when provoked, and treat other people by observing their parents’ and peers’ behaviors. Family is the most important socialization agent because it teaches children the values, norms, and beliefs that are important for their survival in society. In her TEDx talk, Barbara Coloroso argues that bullying is multifaceted. She notes that the family plays a key role in the socialization of children. For example, making racist or sexist comments disguised as jokes during family gatherings socializes children to bully their peers because of their ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation. She notes that such occurrences condition children to view certain people in ways that encourage bullying. Parents should be role models to their children and instill in them positive values and beliefs that encourage them to treat everyone with dignity and respect. She argues that children should be taught how to think and what to think about. For example, if a student is asked by peers to join them in bullying another student, he/she should be able to ask why. Parents’ and teachers’ role is to train children and young people on how to think and what to think about. In schools, peer pressure is a strong socialization force. Students behave in certain ways to gain acceptance from their peers. They bully other students to get recognition and respect from their friends. Coloroso argues that skepticism can mitigate the problem of bullying in schools and be
Introduction The British Empire in India has been described as one of the most remarkable stories of the 19 th century. At the onset of the 20 th century, the British Empire was rapidly extended to the Far East embracing Burma, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and up to China. Several authors have opined about the rise and fall of the empire in Asia plus the motives and tactics used to conquer, with some portraying a pro-British perspective while others are anti-British. British Rule in India Although the pre-eminence of the British Empire in the 19 th and 20 th centuries has been well document, Ashman (1997) argues that their conquest to the East, particularly India was merely for economic exploitation. Ashman reveals how the British devastated Indian culture and wealth by fanning sectarian rivalries between the Hindu, Muslim and Sikhs. The company’s was at its peak when it conquered the Bengal Empire in India and hence managed to control the trade to Asia. Ashman views echoes those earlier expressed by Hyndman (1907) who decried the ruinous nature of the British colonial rule in India that was contrary to the then often stated objective of civilising the native backward inhabitants (Schmidt, 2004). Travers (2007) has however outlined a more neutral position, depicting how the British through the East India Company attempted to legitimise their conquest and plunders in India via ‘an empire of constitutional restoration’ (p. 207) The British through intellectual discourse argued that they wanted to revive the ancient Mughal constitution that had a more centralised government as opposed to the recently toppled Bengal regional enclave chieftains that were leading to incessant regional and sectarian warfare. Travers thus deplores this hypocrisy asserting that ‘the contested history of the ancient Mughal constitution cannot be used to support a theory of continuity at the level of political discourse’ (p. 250). The British rule in India as practised by the East India Company is more explicitly recorded by Ogborn (2008) who conversely from normal narrations of the expansive empire traces the correspondence between the Company officials in India and other colonies to their London offices. Ogborn offers a fresh perspective of how the communication lines were maintained as well as the real proceedings behind the scenes in the corridors of power with topography and script being of great import in sustaining the British Empire. He exposes the diversity, frailty, and elasticity of writings on manuscript revealing how colonial authority was both manifested and defied through the multifarious circuitry of printed prose. According to Ferguson (2002), the British rule in India as in most of its other colonies in Asia and Africa were more about wealth acquisition and grandeur of power over their European rivals. India and the Far East thus offered them vast opportunities to engage in legitimate trade as the