ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The State of California came up with an emergency plan geared towards the minimization of the effects of unforeseen natural calamities as well as human-induced disasters. The plan contains provisions as to how emergency situations should be approached in the event of their happening. This eliminates the likelihood of a situation whereby, the unforeseen eventuality may totally destabilize the functionality of a country in its entirety owing to its inadequacy, whether in terms of resources or otherwise, to adapt. It outlines the mandate of all the stakeholders, policies and strategies to be adopted and sets aside the resources to be grabbed upon the occurrence of an emergency. Importance of an Emergency Response Plan An emergency response plan is of paramount importance to the future stability of a country since the global world is precarious and always in a state of uncertainty and unpredictability. Such a plan provides a stable framework through which all the stakeholders combine hands to fight a countrywide predicament and save its population from sinking from an emergency. The stakeholders may involve the local authorities, the central government as well as the private individuals of the country. This is because it integrates strategies and procedures to be used in such a situation, which promotes an effective plan in preparation for an emergency to adequately respond to and recover from it. For this to be done effectively, it requires that the potential hazards be identified and their possible outcomes be evaluated to determine the extent of their potential destruction. An emergency plan therefore ensures that such fieldwork is conducted and the results put down in writing so as to identify any possible means through which such outcomes may be handled to minimize their destructiveness on humankind. Such calamities include earthquakes, floods, fires, landslides, volcanic eruptions etc. The countries vulnerabilities are identified and well planned for. Its abilities in coping with a disaster are also identified and weaknesses ironed out prior to the happening of an emergency situation. The stakeholders are well organized and their powers and mandates clearly laid down. Their role is also well established and authority conferred upon them so that they know what to do and who to consult when such situations arises. This ensures that when the time comes, the whole network is well organized and there is no time wasted when trying to identify who is to do what. Further, it reduces the bureaucracy of the ordinary day activities from arising during emergencies. It also coordinates resources and information required amongst all the stakeholders for disasters both at the regional and national level. The resources are set aside to cater for only emergency situations and not any other reasons. This therefore avoids a situation whereby a country has exhausted all its reserve resources leaving it at a helpless situation when disaster strikes. Failure to have enough resources to fight a disast
Comparing and contrasting the relationship of Broward county gifted student identification procedures to the NAGC criteria and the Texas state plan. In children education, identification of the gifted children plays a pivotal role in determining the effectiveness of learning in different groups of students. Gifted students vary widely from non gifted students. The way gifted students learn differs to a greater extent from the way through which non-gifted students are viewed. Gifted students can be viewed as those students who display a high level of creativity, intellectual ability, cognitive ability, as well as a high capacity for motivation. This group of students has a strong inner desire to learn more and does not require intensive attention in training compared to other students. Gifted students are also associated with good performance in class. However, this is not just enough for a gifted student. In most cases, the number of gifted students varies from one place to another. The gifted students are found everywhere in all geographical regions, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups (Barbara, 2002). As already seen, the way in which giftedness and the way gifted students are identified matters a lot. The world events, people, and trends have significantly influenced how giftedness is defined and how gifted students are identified. However, there are some variations in which giftedness is viewed in different places. There are certain processes involved in the identification of the gifted students, which are generally required for all the states (National Association for Gifted Children, 2000). This ensures that there are no biases in the identification process. It ensures that all the children have equal ability to get the questions in the assessment test. This requirement is basic and therefore is applicable in all circumstances. In Texas State, the nomination procedures and forms for assessment used in identification of the gifted students are sent to the families (from which a child comes from) in a language which is understood (National Association for Gifted Children, 2000). In some cases, a translator is included to interpret for the families in order to have the right information in the identification of the gifted children. At Broward, the schools have a major role in identification of the gifted students. According to NAGC criteria for identification of the gifted students, appropriate staff members must be provided with the necessary information on the characteristics of gifted students every year in order to make the identification process clear to all (National Association for Gifted Children, 2000). This ensures that there is a uniform method of identifying gifted students. In NAGC selection, the assessment is expected to be culturally fare. This is also the case at Broward. At Broward, we have programs to help the underrepresented groups in talent identification. The method should therefore not be biased. This ensures that every student is subjected in the s
Executive Summary Training needs form the core of any organizational growth and expansion since it is pegged with employee performance and improvement of his present skill sets. It could be also seen in terms of channelizing the company’s activities into the unknown future with a degree of foresight and perspicacity, not to speak of professional ingenuity and innovation. The setting of this project is a well known pharmacology corporate engaged in business for quite some time, now seeking to embark on ambitious plans of modernization and acquisitions to cement its success on firmer competitive terrain. As a new Human resource manager, it has become necessary to devise plans for training and development of human capital, not only for present day needs, but also to match later contingencies and challenges that may beset the company from least expected quarters. In an organization of this kind, the major training requirement would arise in the use of state-of-the-art medical technology into commercial practices, keeping in mind the legal and ethical issues in this industry, especially with the need to seek and comply with FDA and global regulatory measures. It is believed that professional training in critical and meaningful areas aided with necessary research and development efforts which are key in the success of pharmacological industry, could prove to be growth drivers for the future if marketing and channelising activities are meaningfully well directed into high growth profitable areas that could augur well for the future prospects of this company. Should the professional growth and development of employees be funded and facilitated by employers? Why? It is seen that in the context of American pharmacology companies, the aspect of regulatory measures like FDA, American Pharmacology Society and other federal and local public health and safety measures come into effect. Further, the beneficial or detrimental effects of drugs, and their effect on human systems are uppermost in the functioning of such companies. The matter of current research on new drugs, its responses in animals, and safe testing on humans are major functional areas of this company. A sizeable budget for Research and Development of drugs and medical intervention systems is ordained. Under this backdrop, it is sent that most bio-chemist and medical professionals who join as Research Managers need to be adequately trained and developed, especially for a long term association with this company. It is quite possible that some new managers do not have a pharmacological background and
There are certain components that make the world around a better habitation and beautiful for human beings. One of such components is the light, which enables us to see each other, and it ensures a harmonious coexistence between human beings. It is unimaginable of living in a world devoid of light; such a thing would make survival very hard. This report will look into the various types of instruments used to display light, and how they separate light into various components and how those components may be used in diverse ways of making the human survival on planet earth better. The first instrument in the separation of light, which require discussion, is the electromagnetic spectrum. The invention of this instrument that of late has been integrated into other devices meant a lot in the study of light as well as in astronomy. The electromagnetic spectrum was first made from a prism, which separated white lights into different lights that were of different colors. The different colors came about because the natural light otherwise known as the white light made up different kinds of rays that travel at different wavelength. Though the electromagnetic spectrum did not indicate various wavelengths in which the light photons travelled at, it separated the light into various rays (Browning 39). The other instrument is the spectrometer that is one of the instruments used frequently in matters to do with separation of lights. It is notable that the natural light or the white light has various components that are important for people to be aware. These components of light are the infrared, the ultra violet rays and gamma rays. These components of light differentiated according to their wavelengths in order to distinguish them. One of the tools used in the separation of lights is the spectrometer and it separates the natural light into the diverse wavelength contained therein (Browning 44). The spectrometer is therefore an instrument that measures light by taking into consideration its wavelength. The spectrometer indicates the wavelength of the particular ray. It contains an electromagnetic spectrum, which separates different types of rays contained in a given white light directed to the spectrometer to measure the wavelength of that ray. This is because various rays mentioned above that is the infrared, the gammas rays the ultraviolet rays all travel in different wavelengths. The spectrometer indicated the length of the wave that is visible. This made it easier for the wave classification on whether it was for the gamma rays, X rays, the infrared or the ultra violet rays (Browning 54). The other type of device used in the separation of lights is the spectroscope made using prisms, which has different levels of diffraction to diffract different types of rays on different wavelengths. The modern spectroscopes are modified with the integrated technology, that is different instruments placed in one device such that one device can perform various functions previously done by different kinds of instruments (Faust and Sternberg 67). The spectroscope therefore is a combination of electromagnetic spectrum, which is for diffract
Introduction My capstone is titled “Easy to Reference Educational Sheet that Promotes Positive Behavior in CHF patients to Avoid Readmissions.” It targets patients with congestive heart failure – a chronic condition affecting the heart’s ability to pump blood (Mohamed et al., 2018). Patient education is the key to successfully managing this condition because CHF requires changes in a person’s lifestyle – diet, exercise, and taking medication as prescribed. It is an important topic because, without proper at-home management, patients can face complications, leading to readmissions, or even death if they forget to take medication or fail to address new symptoms by talking to their provider. This presentation will outline the way of addressing the discussed issues – a supplement to a hospital guide on CFH management, and I will discuss statistics, literature findings, and outline the capstone itself. About CHF CHF requires at-home management from the patients, and they must ensure that they follow the recommendations regarding their diet, exercise, medication, and monitor their symptoms. According to the estimations by Pi and Hu (2018), 5 million people in the United States have CHF, and it is an increasing problem because, by 2030, the number of patients diagnosed with CHF will increase by 46%. Hence, hospitals should prepare to manage the growing population of patients by developing appropriate strategies for management. Currently, Saint Barnaba’s nursing staff is instructed to give patients guidebooks upon discharge, which is 28 pages long. Problem Statement and Project Outline Nurse-led patient education enhances adherence to CHF management recommendations (Rice et al., 2018; Mathew & Thukha, 2018). The idea of this project is to print out a supplement for the hospital’s 28-page guide in English and Spanish, which will have the essential recommendations and references to page numbers. Nurses will offer patients this supplement to the guidebook, where the main at-home management recommendations are presented. These supplements will be presented in two languages – English and Spanish, to aid the Spanish-speaking population. This is because currently, Saint Barnaba only has an English guide, despite it being located in a community with a substantial number of Spanish-speaking individuals. Evidence suggests that the primary way to address readmissions and complications of CHF is to enhance patient education. For example, Rice et al. (2018) and Mathew & Thukha (2018) report a decrease in readmission rates after nurse-led patient education sessions. Hence, this project targets the patient’s understanding of CHF and its management by helping them remember the recommendations from their provider. Lewin’s Theory Lewin’s change theory was used as a guideline to anticipate any difficulties that can arise as a result of this project. Mainly, it will help address the problem of nurses who see this change as an additional workload. Hence, at the unfreeze stage, I will explain that the supplement will help reduce readmissions and thus r
According to extant literature, runaway photosynthesis describes a scenario in which the machinery of photosynthesis could be adversely affected by shifts in the environment, leading to the crumbling of all ecosystems that depend on it for survival (Dartnell, 2011). In particular, the expression “runaway photosynthesis” is mainly used in the mainstream media and by environmental experts with reference to positive or negative feedback effects that could affect the photosynthesis process due to changes occurring within the environment (Cox et al., 2011). This paper illuminates how the phenomenon of runaway photosynthesis affects life in the universe. Animal life as is known today requires an atmosphere with adequate oxygen, whereas plants require a sufficient amount of carbon in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) for photosynthesis to occur (Global Climate Change, 2002). Scientific investigations have proved that vegetation and soil contain about three times as much carbon as the atmosphere, and that at the present time the land is absorbing about a quarter of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions released by various activities in the biosphere because uptake of CO 2 by plant photosynthesis is surpassing respiration from soils (Cox et al., 2011). However, as acknowledged by Cox et al (2011), a number of scholars “have discussed the possibility of the land carbon sink either saturating or reversing primarily because of the potential for accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter under global warming” (p. 155). Such a scenario could definitely lead to runaway photosynthesis not only due to lack of a stable habitable temperature occasioned by the unstable mixture of greenhouse gases, but also because of the probability that “feedbacks” between the climate and the land biosphere may substantially accelerate or suppress atmospheric CO 2 and land carbon uptake (Dartnell, 2011). The problem of runway photosynthesis lies in its capacity to substantially accelerate atmospheric CO 2 , leading to the negative effects of global warming and dangers associated with greenhouse emissions. Cox et al (2011) note that “whilst increases in atmospheric CO 2 are expected to enhance photosynthesis (and reduce transpiration), the associated climate warming is likely to increase plant and soil respiration” (p. 155). Climate warming as a direct consequence of sudden drop in photosynthesis and reduced removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is known to expose animal species to the harmful ultraviolet (UV) light and could also make life on earth impossible as too much carbon in the atmosphere is disastrous to life (Dartnell, 2011; Global Climate Change, 2002). A runway greenhouse effect occasioned by too much carbon in the atmosphere will certainly cause the earth’s surface temperature to rise to levels that cannot sustain plant or animal life on earth. Accord
Religion In Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2015) religion is defined as “an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or a group of gods” (para. 1). It is important to mention that the belief in supernatural also qualifies as a religion since some religions such as Buddhism do not have gods. Another significant feature of religion is its high importance for the practicing communities. The meaning of religion is deep, unique, and individual for each person. Many refer to it as their relationship with God that is often very private. Similarities and Differences The world’s most common religions are various and may be both similar to and different from one another. The main points of their similarities and differences lie in their primary attributes such as texts, deities, perceptions of life and afterlife, rituals, the number of followers, and historical development. For instance, the majority of world’s religions view the meaning of life as the way towards the salvation of the soul ( The Big Religion Chart: Comparison Chart , 2015). In particular, the individuals are to lead a decent and moderate life in order to move on to the next stage that is the life after death. Afterlife is one of the most common points of difference of various religions. For example, some of them (Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism) view afterlife as reincarnation whereas the others (such as Islam and Christianity) have concepts of Paradise and Hell as the destinations for the souls of the dead ( The Big Religion Chart: Comparison Chart , 2015). Confucianism and Judaism have no clearly outlined description of what happens in the afterlife or whether it exists. In Shintoism death is seen as something bad, and in Daoism is it regarded as the state of non-being ( The Big Religion Chart: Comparison Chart , 2015). Practices and Rituals For better clarity, the rituals selected for the comparison in all of the ten religions were some of the most common practices – initiations and funerals. Hinduism In Hinduism, initiation is viewed as the second birth. The ceremony includes shaving of the head, bathing, and dressing in new clothes. It is held for men only. The ritual involved chanting the Gayatri mantra by the boy’s guru, who also gives the boy his spiritual name. In turn, the boy promises to study the Vedas, pray regularly, and stay celibate. Hindu funerals are comprised of washing the body, clothing it, an
Summarize the original contractual rearrangements of the Eurotunnel project and the evolution of the contractual terms over time From the very beginning, to lower the costs of the project, the construction companies were forced to agree on the 6.5 year construction period, even though it was less than considered necessary. The conclusion of a contract with TML required numerous negotiations on the contract outline that had already been approved. Besides, the new banks entering the picture had their own ideas regarding how the work should be done. Considering all of this, the final construction agreement covering areas of tunneling, equipment works, and rolling stocks was signed. To solve potential conflicts in the future, the disputes panel was created. Summarize the problems that the project participants encountered in the construction phase of the project It was assumed that the ground condition in the areas of tunneling would not present any surprises. When the tunneling process proved the opposite, new equipment and techniques needed to be tried, and that increased the costs and delayed the project. Driven by the desire to meet the deadlines, TML constructed 60 cm doors in passenger trains without waiting for the confirmation from Inter-Government Commission, which eventually claimed that the doors should be widened to 70 cm. A change cost nearly £6 million and caused further delays. Numerous disputes between Eurotunnel and TML raised, which hindered the whole project even more. Finally, when it became apparent that the tunnel would not be constructed without extra costs, banks were very reluctant to provide new loans, worrying that the project had become too risky. What are the root causes of these problems? As Sam Garg stated in the report, Eurotunnel “found itself in a web of contractual relationships without knowing much about any of them” (7). And that was the central root of all the subsequent problems. The costs to build the Eurotunnel, as well as the terms to do it, were underestimated from the very beginning. Many substantial nuances (like the ground condition) were ignored, which caused a lot of delays, increased the costs of construction, and reduced the future revenue. The contract with TML was not well thought out, which is why, soon after it was signed, Eurotunnel felt like a lot of amendments should have been moved. That, in its turn, became the reason for the controversy and numerous disputes in the relationships of Eurotunnel and TML. Finally, the project lacked guarantees and financial support from the governments, which made the whole deal very risky for the investors. What are the potential approaches to mitigate these problems? Probably the biggest mistake was the rejection of the government’s financial support and guarantees. Providing it, it would be possible to motivate investors more. Besides, the whole project would have been controlled better in such a case. Additionally, better research should have been conducted to evaluate the risks, such as a bad condition of the ground. The