ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Arguments and counter arguments have been fronted with such fierceness and eloquence for and against abortion from different quarters of the social and spiritual divide. Abortion, an age-old phenomenon is defined as a premature termination of the unborn. Far and wide, arguments have been presented in various forms that span the general to specific issues. It is a controversial topic that spans the social, moral, medical, and legal fields. The hostility against abortion affords counter arguments that justify its legality. Therefore, abortion is the right of every woman to decide when it should occur. Despite the controversy surrounding a specific and working definition of when life begins, it is well worth noting that life begins a few weeks to birth. Before conception, the fetus entirely depends on the mother and any circumstances besides abortion may lead to its termination. In addition to that, the growing embryo is not a fully developed functional human being therefore the argument that life begins at conception is preposterous and purely religious. That notwithstanding, the interest of the family and the mother are of paramount importance in this debate. A mother should not be compelled to painfully bring up a child for eighteen years without due preparation and the social and psychological consequences faced by the unprepared mother. Some of the strong reasons presented by proponents of abortion include circumstances such as rape, mistaken pregnancies due to the failure of contraceptives, the threat to a mother’s life if she continues with a pregnancy, a deformed and disabled foetus, and work place career advancements. On the other hand opponents of abortion argue that life begins at conception and terminating the foetus’ life amounts to a crime against humanity. They assert that terminating the life of a foetus at conception or during pregnancy amounts to killing a human being and lay emphasis on the foetus as a human being with all the fundamental rights of a person. They argue that it is the killing of an innocent defenseless person in society when carrying out an abortion. They further assert that life is a God given gift and no one is entitled to terminate it under any circumstances. In addition to that, opponents of abortion argue that human beings are supposed to show commitment to life of any form. They should be caring for the frail and weak in society and that spans the unborn fetus. They further affirm that happiness to life does not consist of money alone, but a complete and responsible life. Abortion is seen as a sin against the unborn as enshrined in the fifth Decalogue of the Ten Commandments in the religious eye. Despite the arguments and counter arguments surrounding the issue on abortion, the age-old phenomenon is the legitimate right of the affected woman to decide to terminate it or continue with it. The life of the mother is far more important than the unborn foetus and everything should be done to preserve it. The right of the mother is entirely justified.
The electronic nature of information systems makes them more prone to errors, abuse, and destruction. One reason for this is the network structure of the information systems. Networks consist of computers (clients and servers), that are connected with wires and wireless solutions. This fact makes them vulnerable to physical dangers such as fires, floods, hardware failure, etc. Computer issues are also common such as programming errors, faulty installation and unauthorized changes. The majority of the danger, however, comes from the Internet. Any traffic circulating through the network can be intercepted during a hacking attack. This vulnerability comes from such communication services as E-Mail, instant messaging, and peer-to-peer networks. They can be used to spread malicious files even without the knowledge of the sender. Their traffic can also be intercepted for data gathering. Another vulnerability comes from wireless networks such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Free public Wi-Fi hotspots may use specialized sniffer programs that can access the resources of any computer on the network. These are the most common types of malicious software that is used to attack information networks. The first is basic viruses. They are programs specifically designed to execute malicious code without the user’s permission. Viruses often come hidden in Trojan programs that pretend to be legitimate software. The next type is worms. They are independent programs that copy themselves to every computer on the network. Drive-by downloads are very common today. They install a virus in the background as the user installs a legitimate program or file. A new type of malware known as ransomware has been gaining traction. When executed it encrypts the files on the computer until the user transfers money in bitcoins to a specific valet. These and other types of attacks can be used for identity theft, theft of corporate secrets, denial of service attacks, and other malicious activity.
The Chosen Ethical Issue The research problem that will be the focus of the planned paper relates to the specific needs of students with physical disabilities or behavioral issues in general classrooms. In particular, the research paper will use such terms as inclusion and competence to regard the issue through the prism of teachers’ professionalism. By studying the perspectives on teacher competence improvement, the project will propose solutions helping to reduce the cases when pupils’ special needs are disregarded. The Key Assumptions Professionals working with children who have no physical and behavioral problems become increasingly involved in disability education due to the trends of inclusion and diversity in the classroom. With that in mind, teachers’ professionalism and flexibility become extremely important aspects to the problem. The factors that lie at the heart of the chosen ethical issue mainly relate to teachers’ lack of experience or the inability to fully acknowledge the needs of disability students. More specifically, the following assumptions can be discussed in the project:   * Teachers’ competencies and perceived self-efficacy depend on the country due to differences in academic degree systems in education (Schwab, Hellmich, & Görel, 2017);   * Educators who fail to implement the principles of inclusive education often demonstrate “dissonance in beliefs”, the lack of inventiveness, and fear to use new teaching practices (Brownell, Adams, Sindelar, Waldron, & Vanhover, 2006, p. 173; Vaz et al., 2015);   * General educators’ unwillingness to develop collaborative relationships with special needs professionals and related preconceptions contribute to their inability to promote equity (Cahill & Mitra, 2008);   * There are numerous types of disabilities, and the need to make multiple methodological adjustments overcomplicates teachers’ work (Bubpha, Erawan, & Saihong, 2012). Potential Solutions and Notable Theorists The issue being discussed is extremely important since despite inclusion-related initiatives implemented all over the world, many special needs students still experience problems in general classrooms. The assumptions that help to get to the heart of the matter emphasize the role of teachers’ beliefs and professional competence, and this is why potential solutions should touch upon advanced professional training for general educators. The existing relevant literature analysis contributes to distinguishing two solutions.  1. Focus on the emotional components of inclusive education and improve general teachers’ attitudes toward children with special needs (Jordan, Schwartz, & McGhie-Richmond, 2009). Thus, it is possible to design new training strategies that present inclusive education as something positive rather than challenging. Also, there is an opportunity to organize school-based events helping to promote positive attitudes towards diversity in the classroom to foster change at the systems level.  2. Strengthen collaborati
It is important to note that the 21st century classrooms require the unique and effective approaches to organizing the teaching-learning process. The focus is on modifying traditional lessons to the needs of contemporary students according to the principles of the 21st century education. The purpose of this work is to rank MAED program learning outcomes (PLOs) depending on their importance for the teaching practice and explain their overall role in influencing the modern approach to education. Ranking of Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) Diversity is the main feature of the modern society and classroom. Therefore, PLO 2 that is oriented to diverse learners and focused on promoting differentiated practices is regarded as the most important outcome. In order to address individual needs of diverse students and develop their potential, it is necessary to provide them with the differentiated instructions. Lesson plans should include the collaborative work of students representing diverse cultures, activities should include tasks for students with different learning styles, and instructions should be adapted to students with different needs. A teacher needs to focus on using media, accentuating interactivity, and emphasizing diversity in the class. PLO 1 should be ranked the second one because the success of the teaching-learning process depends on the effectiveness of the instructional planning. A teacher needs to pay much attention to planning activities that are oriented to improving students’ skills and contributing to their cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development. Standard lessons should be improved to provide students with more challenging experiences that stimulate their learning. Still, the realities of the modern classroom cause teachers to focus on making the curriculum dynamic and learner-centered. Therefore, PLO 5 is the next important outcome that is associated with teachers’ successes in adjusting the instructions to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and the Framework for 21st Century Learning, as well as digital standards. Even if the instructions are effective and the curriculum is developed, the teacher’s task is to make it correlated with the modern core standards and tendencies of the digital age in order to enhance the students’ learning. PLO 7 is also ranked high because a good educator needs to know what he or she teaches, and the focus is on the knowledge of a discipline. This PLO is important and should be addressed in the classroom in the context of using technologies in order to contribute to the students’ learning, as well as the work with different devices (Kreijns, Va
Harry Houdini remains an iconic magician many decades after his death. During his career, he attracted and entertained thousands of fans and his great feats continue to astound people to date. Coming from a poor background, Houdini worked his way up to become a legendary icon of escape. This essay will provide a review of Harry Houdini highlighting what he is best known for: his great escapes. The paper shall also proceed to articulate what motivated the man to become what is arguably the greatest escape artist of all time. Born Erik Weisz in Hungary on March 24, 1874, Harry Houdini was raised in hardship and poverty. He was born to Mayes Samuel Weiss, a struggling rabbi and his wife Cecilia in Budapest, Hungary. The living conditions in the country were hard and the father decided to immigrate to the United States in 1876 in search of a better livelihood for the family. As soon as he had found some means of employment, the family immigrated to the United States in 1878 to be reunited with the father. It was here that the young Ehrich Weiss developed his interest in magic, mostly as a result of his surroundings. Louagie reveals that a significant moment in Ehrich’s life was in 1880 when a circus train passed through the young boy’s home town therefore exploding his interest in entertainment in general and magic in particular. At the onset, money was a major motivation for Ehrich to take up magic. Louagie records that Houdini came from a very poor family and since the parents where unable to make enough money to provide for the family, the children often took up jobs to support the family (6). Hopkinson corroborates this by documenting that Houdini’s father had a hard time finding a job and when he did, the pay was terribly low (5). Houdini made his attempts at practicing magic at an early age where he played the role of a contortionist for a friend’s circus act. While he was adept at carrying out the tricks required, these acts were not enough to make a living out of and hence the young Ehrich had to carry out jobs to make ends. For this reason, he engaged in multiple jobs; electric driller, messenger and newsboy in addition to his role as a struggling magician to make his ends meet. Ehrich counted as his greatest idol the French magician Houdin whose works he studied avidly. For this reason, Erich Weiss took up the stage name “Houdini” in honor of his idol, the acclaimed French magician Jean Eugene Houdin (Louagie 6). Ehrich’s first major attempt at magic was in partnership with a similarly struggling magician called Jacob Hyman. Together the two formed the “Brothers Houdini” and engaged in magic as full time entertainers. However, this partnership did not last and three years later, the two split ways with Ehrich reinventing himself as Harry Houdini. At the onset of his career, Houdini performed a myriad of tricks including; songs, dances, puppetry and card tricks. He did not fair well and he was pitted against other performers including belly dancers and half-men-half-women; all of whom gained higher crowds and hence got better wages
Introduction Dietrich Mateschitz is a pioneer in the manufacture of among the most preferred beverage, the red bull energy drink. His company, also called Red Bull, is among the global market leaders, making sales of up to 4.2 billion cans last year. This saw a 7.9% increase in revenues over the previous year to 15.7% amounting to $5.175 billion. His companies have employed thousands of people in 161 countries. Moreover, he has invested in the media industry. This document summarizes my view of the article ‘the mastermind of adrenaline marketing.’ Body Dietrich’s bold decision to venture into beverage industry has bore fruits in the end. The beverage industry has had strong competition, with giants like the Coca-Cola Company in play. However, that did not daunt Dietrich from investing. In my opinion, his wise decision in business has played a massive role for his success. Additionally, the Red bull company has been operating for many years now. Through the years, Dietrich has encountered many challenges, which gave him enough learning experience. As a result, his company has seen many inventions and innovations. I believe these inventions have led to massive growth of the company globally. Dietrich has always been creative; he included world famous sportsmen such as Thierry Henry in bid to advertise his product. He has sponsored many sports associations, including snowboarding, formula one, and soccer among others. Dietrich has also ventured into media, his first investment going to a sports magazine called ‘Red Bulletin,’ in the US. Moreover, he has entered in the TV industry by airing a program on ESPN called ‘No Limits’. His investment in the media is not yet profitable, but with time, he will start reaping from it. Conclusion Due to his bold decisions, Dietrich has developed Red Bull, a successful beverage company with a global market. His creativity has also assisted in inventing advertising tactics that have popularized the drink globally, leading to high revenues. Additionally, through his entrepreneurial nature, he has ventured into the media industry that will amass more revenue for the company later.
Brand transparency is now a significant criterion for shaping purchasing decisions for customers. Many people are increasingly concerned not only with the actual products they buy but also with the company’s impact on the environment and society. According to surveys, about 58% of modern customers agree to pay up to 20% more for a product that is made in a sustainable and environmentally beneficial way (Salfino, 2019). Patagonia is an outdoor clothing seller and manufacturer with a strong focus on the transparency of its business. In the modern world, brands need to not only contribute to minimizing the negative impact of production on the environment but also do it publicly. The Fashion Revolution Transparency Index considers criteria such as garments traceability, sustainable policies implemented in the value chain, objectives related to environmental impact, gender equality, as well as recycling activities (Zaballa & Go Bill, 2020). Patagonia took one of the leading positions in 2019 based on the assessment of the criteria presented in the index (Zaballa & Go Bill, 2020). The brand is transparent as it primarily aims at promoting environmental activism through its activities (Sonsev, 2019). The brand not only strives to minimize the negative impact of its production on the planet but also to support programs to restore nature. First of all, customers can trace from which raw materials Patagonia clothes are made. On its website, the company emphasizes that it focuses on recycled materials, organic cotton, programs to restore soil and reduce greenhouse emissions, as well as improve working conditions ( How clean are your clothes? n. d.). In addition, Patagonia encourages the reuse of clothing to reduce consumption and minimize industrial impact. Most importantly, “since 1985, Patagonia has pledged 1% of sales to the preservation and restoration of the natural environment” ( 1% for the planet , n. d.). In 2002, the founders of the company also created a non-profit organization that seeks to inspire other organizations to invest a portion of their profits in environmental restoration programs. Patagonia not only provides customers with complete information about their environmental activism policy but al
Introduction With the end of the Second World War, the advent, coming, and passing of communism, identity has come to be the central issue in many South-European societies. This is true especially to Balkan societies that have been under different ‘constructed identities’ the last three centuries. The Balkan is a region where live many different ethnic and cultural background groups even within the same borders of a state. Yugoslavia is probably the best example of this claim. Throughout the entire twentieth century the identity of the members of a society in this region has been ‘constructed’ communicatively through the depiction of the other . Unfortunately, the recent history of the Balkan region tells us that this identity has been used against this other (or even others ) resulting in various wars and many war crimes and crimes and some of the worse ‘crime against humanity’ cases. Unfortunately this situation carries on continuing even in our time. But the Balkan has not been only the place of coexisting of different ethnic and cultural groups. It has also been the scene of contact and clash between different powers. During the centuries many European powers have made the Balkans the scene of their clashes and turn it into a ‘fighting arena’. Many times in the Western world it is perceived as the Balkans is a place which ‘by itself’ includes violence and fighting. Many people living in the west do not have any clue of the history of the region and of the fact that the vast majority of the wars and fighting in it have been made, or sponsored, by foreign powers (Jelavich, p. 3). Dom za Vesanje & Grbavica All this fighting and history has led its mark and art and media have not been immune from this. Many third and fourth film-making artists have tried to express the depiction of their own society by portraying the other. Other times this depiction of the other has been used to bring to public attention various societal problems that otherwise the public would not notice. This is exactly the case of Emir Kusturica’s “Dom za vesanje: Time of the Gypsies” and Jamila Zbanic’s Grbavica. The first was made in 1988 under the film-making school artists generation under Tito and the second in 2006, ten years after the end of the bloodiest war in the region, the Bosnian war. Both films take place in Bosnia, but the first in the time of the Yugoslav Republic and the second in the bloodiest aftermath of the dismantling of these states. In fact, by analyzing both films from a geopolitical and historic-cultural point of view we can understand what the situation of the societies they are talking about is. In ‘Dom za Vesanje’ the Roma people are depicted as the other from each mainstream society is to form its identity by differentiating itself. As anthropologist Van de Port points, out the use of Romani protagonists, plots and subplots often evolve around the mechanisms of ‘projective identification’ (1988, p. 154). This Roma other serves also as a critic to the mainstream societal rigid norms and values and as a form of expression of the author of what he could n