ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The economic environment that is prevailing in the world is very dynamic. This environment has been putting pressure on business in different countries and the international market. The competitive business environment brought about dominance of a number of countries in bilateral and multilateral trade. The outcompeted countries faced the wrath in their balance of trade and balance of payments which negatively impacted on the individual, national economies. International trade is essential for national economies. This is because each country is endowed with a given potential in the production of goods and services. Each nation has a competitive advantage in producing and trading in certain product as opposed to others. Different countries are endowed with different resources, which make bilateral and multilateral trade useful. Therefore, regional integration is a crucial factor in enhancing international trade and economies (Alhorr, Boal and Cowden, 2012). Regional economic agreements are formed with the aim of easing trade between and among different countries lying within a region in the world. Regional economic organizations are economic organizations, which are formed as a result of wide consultation on economic policies by the countries involved. Regional economic organizations are meant to provide a self-sustainable business climate in the multilateral trading activities between and among the member countries. They do that by harmonizing the economic policies–monetary, fiscal and general trading policies of the partner countries. Regional economic integration grows in different stages. Monetary unions denote one of the most crucial and advanced stages of regional integration. This paper thus analyses regional economic integration. It bases on the strategic issues in regional integration by focusing on different regional trading organizations (Girvan, 2009). Goals for and gains from regional integration There are many gains that can be attained form regional economic integration. Regional economic integration creates trade between member countries. Regional integration enhances production efficiency between through encouraging specialization and competition. The production of goods and services at national levels is raised. It also encourages production basing on competitive advantage thus enhancing quality production. Specialization plays a large part in this. The transfer of technologies and internal investments is boosted, and the national trading terms improved (Alhorr, Boal and Cowden, 2012). Regional integration at a glance There are strong regional organizations now as compared to any other time in history. Globalization and regional integration are supportive of each other (Tuvalu, 2005).Globalization enhances regional integration and vice-versa. There exist many regional trading organizations. However, the level of integration differs from one organization to another. Some regional organizations have reached an exceptionally high level of integration for instance the European Union. The level of integration of a regional economic organization is determined by the intensity of harmonization of economic and to
Introduction The objective of this report is to analyze the country-level data across the upper middle-income countries to understand and report on the investment climate in these countries for the proposed expansion of the firm into new markets in these countries. This report takes into account the levels of inflation, consumer prices, level of investments, and education level of the population to analyze the markets that the company would like to move in and to suggest suitable entry strategies to the company. For this report countries that had GNI per capita income between $ 3,856 and $ 11,905 have been classified as upper-middle-income countries and the relevant data has been gathered and analyzed (World Bank, 2009). Levels of Inflation During this period of economic recession, global inflation rates have climbed to higher levels making policymakers of all countries face tougher economic challenges. When the global growth rate is slow with an increase in the prices, a strengthening currency would be able to protect the consumers by increasing the buying power of the consumers. Therefore countries with relatively weak currencies by maintaining the growth rate stable would be able to fight inflation effectively. On the other hand countries with stronger currencies like the euro will be having fewer anti-inflationary tools disabling them to protect the economy. Asian economies with their central banks having the mechanisms to counter price pressures and fight inflation would be attractive destinations for investments (Plumberg & Johnson, 2008). Inflation in the high middle-income countries during the past years has shown the following trend. Particular/Year     2000   2005  2006  2007 Level of Inflation  6.8 %  5.2%  7.0%  7.0%  Though the inflation level showed a decline in 2005, the subsequent periods have shown an increase in the level which implies that higher middle-income countries having weaker currencies have to maintain the growth rate for fighting against inflation. Consumer Prices The consumer price index is the tool used to measure the changes over time in the prices paid by the households for the goods and services they usually purchase for consumption. The scope of the consumer price index includes the prices of all consumer durables like furniture and automobiles, luxury goods, food, clothing, and the amount spent on travel, insurance, and social security contributions in the calculation of the price index. Though the consumer price index provides a strong base for assessing the investment climate of a country, it is to be remembered that it is not possible to monitor the movements of prices in all items consumed by the household (World Bank Statistical Manual, 2009). Therefore, prices of few representative items are considered for ar
Introduction Carrying out a penetration test is an important means of recognizing weaknesses that subsist in information technology devices and systems (Covaleski, 2013). The evaluation comprises of the usage of attacking approaches similar to those used by the hackers. Trustworthy individuals undertake the process. The tests can have severe impacts on the host system or network. If it is done wrongly, it can lead to crowding or network crashing. A times, it can expose the system or network to invaders or hackers. Thus, it is very imperative that the management of the company illustrated in the case study be informed before a penetration examination is carried out. Preparation should be conducted to make the test successful (Vladimirov, 2006). Ideally, an opening meeting ought to be done between the chief information security officer and the team tasked to carry out the penetration test. In the summit, issues on extent and goals of the penetration examination plus the personnel involved should be discussed. A critical decision that will be reached at the meeting is whether the employees of the firm would be notified of the impending test. Informing the employees is often suitable, but it can alter their performance in ways, which may influence the result of the penetration exercise. Methodology A comprehensive and satisfactory penetration examination comprises of penetration testers undertaking unlawful deeds on systems outside or inside a company’s network (Wilhelm, 2010). The company ought to recognize that penetration testers executing the examinations in most instances are contravening the law. In this regard, the team tasked to carry out the penetration test must ensure that the company’s chief information security officer recognizes that any figures or data acquired in the analysis will be deemed private and will be reimbursed or damaged once the assessment is completed. Before, the penetration test is carried out official forms guarding the exercise, and the company should be ratified. The above will offer a defense to penetration examiners if anything goes as unplanned in the assessment. After undertaking the needed preparation for the enterprise, the team should collect information concerning the company’s systems or networks. Numerous tools accessed on the internet that can aid in basic data collection. A very popular tool that the team can utilize is Netcraft. Another tool that can be used is Nmap (Scambray & Kurtz, 2001). The above tool will be very useful in scanning the company’s networks. The tool will help the penetration testers to recognize
Understanding the competitiveness of the environment and the importance of providing favorable working conditions, Pioneer Enterprises should work out an effective employee’s benefits program and select the most appropriate option. The employees’ benefits program will consist of medical, life and disability insurance paid time off, after-retirement plans and other benefits. Regarding the medical benefits, the employees should be covered with a comprehensive employer-sponsored medical insurance program. As to the existing options, the company can decide between single status contracts and married status contracts. In the first case, the insurance plan will cover only the healthcare expenses of the individual employee. In the second case, the plan will deal with the employee’s spouse and children. Analyzing these two options, it can be stated that the second one covering the health expenses of the employee’s family is preferable. However, it is possible to make the medical plan personalized so that the employees could select the options which are the most appropriate for their family circumstances. Furthermore, the insurance plan should be comprehensive and include not only medical and dental benefits but also life, disability and accident insurance. In case of death or permanent disability of employees, the insurance program provides up to four times of employees’ annual salaries. Additionally, these plans should include business traveler accident insurance to consider the specific working circumstances which can be associated with the increased risks for the employees. As to the aspect of the paid time off, the company should consider the time of vacation and extended leave. Traditionally, the employees in Saudi Arabia are entitled to 22 days of paid vacation a year. Additionally, every employee can use five days of the extended leave per year or bank these days and use them in a two-year frame. Another important aspect is the system of bonuses for the employees playing an important role in motivating them. Along with the monetary compensation for the work, the company can consider the opportunities of rewarding the employees for excellent performance, high achievements and any contribution to the development of the company’s vision. The monetary compensation is one of the strongest motivators which can significantly improve the employees’ performance. Apart from the benefits for the employees during their employment at Pioneer Enterprises, the company should consider the post-retirement plan for those employees who reached the retirement age at the company. It is recommended to consider not only the retirement payments but also the health insurance program for the retired employees. This can contribute to the company’s positive image as an employer and not only attract the best human resources, but also motivate them to remain with the company for a substantial period and even reach their retirement age with this employer. Human resources are one of the most significant assets of every company. For this reason,
In modern times, the range of functions and competencies of nursing staff is significantly expanding and increasing. The challenges of the health care area require professionals with advanced scholar and practical skills. Historically, nursing has been one of the most prominent sectors of medicine, as it is directly related to patients, their physical and psychological condition, observation, and care. Neuman (2012) notes that this profession is dynamic and is evolving along with social needs and trends. In this paper, I describe the expanding role of the nurse in society and potential areas of my efforts to advocate for patients and influence positive social change in health care. Expanding Role of the Nurse Many health care and related areas require an increased presence and activity of nurses. Bodenheimer and Bauer (2016) state that the primary care sector can operate much more effectively with nurses’ increased involvement and the expansion of their functions. Moreover, it is becoming evident that nurses need advanced research skills because they have valuable experience in observation and interaction with patients. Researchers that, at some point in their careers, nursing professionals experience the need to develop a research proposal and assess its social impact (Bradbury-Jones & Taylor, 2014). Nurses’ study initiatives can provide meaningful insights into the health care delivery process. In addition, some authors argue that nurses need to be trained in social entrepreneurship skills in order to effectively deal with social inequalities and other challenges (Gilmartin, 2013). Thus, the issue of the expanding role of the nurse is actively raised and discussed in society. That is necessary, among other things, to advocate for patients and influence positive social change in health care. Advocacy for Patients The protection of patients’ interests requires a comprehensive approach and relevant initiatives in a number of areas. I will first attempt to apply my research and entrepreneurial skills to develop practical solutions to the problem of unaffordable medical services. This challenge requires the collaboration of health care professionals, including nurses, legislators, and private sector representatives such as insurance companies. I will also perform my duties based on the principle of considering the individual needs and feelings of patients, as nursing care exists in the context “of the values and beliefs of the patient and nurse” (Neuman, 2012, p. 4). I am actively involved and will further participate in social discussions on possibl
Introduction The body abdomen is a cavity holding numerous vital body organs needed for proper body functioning and survival purpose. Certainly, pathological and non-pathological activities may attack/occur in any of these organs located at the four different imaginary chambers/ quadrants of the abdomen. This obvious brings about a certain change in the body organ functioning and feelings commonly known as abdominal pain, which is a common problem brought about by anomalies or dysfunction of the certain parts and organs found in the abdomen. While it’s barely hard to localize feelings in the body, abdominal pain has been defined in the four virtual localities of the abdomen, viz: left upper, left lower, right upper and right lower abdominal pain. Such differentiation only emanates from the idea of the pain source, meaning from where the pain is spread from in the specific abdominal part/chamber to the other chambers and then finally to the entire body (Uphold, 2003). Ovarian cyst is one of the common causes of abdominal pain. It may cause both left lower and right lower abdominal pain conditions in the life of the girl-child. Therefore, ovarian cysts have been defined as fluid-filled sacs located in the ovaries, which may or may not be harmful and painful depending on the nature and characteristics. In this sense, ovarian cysts have been contemplated and viewed in two ways: one, they are seen as growths which indicates normal functioning of the female ovaries, and secondly they are considered as abnormal growths acting as precursors of an underlying malignancy. Ovarian cysts are thus categorized into functional and complex cysts. The functional cysts type include follicle and corpus luteum cysts, which are fluid filled and small in size, less than seven. They are less threatening to human life as they are non-harmful and cause pain in a few instances particularly when ruptured. The complex category comprises of those cysts which are solid masses and mostly cause severe pain to the human. Included in the group are dermoid cysts, cystadenomas cysts, polycystic ovaries and endometriomas cysts (Gambone te al, 2009). Formation Ovarian cyst develops during th
Racism is one of the most sophisticated concepts in terms of its changing nature. In Canada, this concept is interpreted with regard to the individual expression of attitudes or action against racial groups. It is also understood as violent actions and physical assaults against specific groups by bigoted individuals in the workplace, and other social environments. In public and political discourse, racism displays itself not only through separate individuals, but also in certain groups, communities, institutions, and organizations. The set of values formed in society also influences racial attitudes and perceptions. Therefore, the concept of race and racism is not a natural phenomenon but a deep, complex process during which people various communities shape their attitudes and manifestations that impose certain duties, stereotypes, obligations on people. Hence, racism has a complex dynamic nature and its meaning constantly changes with regard to social, political, and economic contexts. In Canada, the overt denial of absence of any displays of racism has turned into a phenomenon of democratic racism, according to which whiteness is perceived as a historically acquired privilege whereas people possessing another color of skin has to fight for equality and human rights. The majority of the Canadians assert that they are rigidly opposed to racism. Nevertheless, the facts and statistics demonstrate the evidence disaccord with the previously presented statement. A number of movies and documentary accounts uncover the shocking stories about unlawful and illegal act of racial discrimination on the part of the policy officers. This is of particular concern to the documentary Two Worlds Colliding , which focuses on the story of a Native man, Darrell Night, who became the victim of cruel treatment. Mr. Night was arrested by the policy and dumped down in the field area of Saskatoon city, when the temperature of the air was 20 º C below zero. According to the testimonies, the police’s actions were justified because the arrested was drunk and broke in the house. However, the case does not explain the reason for individual’s outcast, instead of taking the arrested person to the policy department. Despite the ambiguity of the allegations, the police officers taking part in arrest were sentenced only to eight months of staying at correctional facilities. Hence, the documentary also focuses on other cases of cruel treatment leading to death of the Native residents in Canada. These cases remained unsolved until the present times. Historical evidence shows that white population has always exercised its dominance over other races, asserting its power and control.
Yellowstone National Park. Source: (Kalman 2). It is an extensive area at least cutting into five counties namely Park County in Wyoming, Teton County in Wyoming, and Gallatin County in Montana, Park County in mutant, and Fremont County in Idaho. The area is approximately 2,219,791 acres or simply (898,318 ha) and was established way back in 1872. Its location in the US or coordinates are 44°36′N 110°30′W. Yellowstone national park is located south of Gallatin national forest. The park is adjacent to Grand Teton National park (Whittlesey and Watry 2-6). It is home to a variety of animals, bacteria, geologic eruptions and other beautiful sceneries. It is ranked as one of the best sites in the entire United States considering the comfort it offers to its visitors. Rooseveltlodge cabins are among the many recreation facilities in existence. Some of the activities one can enjoy include: hiking at the grand canyon of the yellow stone, walking on wooden walk paths to avoid the hot springs valley within the park. The park has four entrances which give different treatments to the visitors. The northern entrance welcomes one to paradise valley, north east entrance inspiring one tot the red lodge, west entrance and southern entrance. To keep you updated on the best features at the northern entrance (Whittlesey and Watry 4-7). Other than the paradise valley, the yellow stone and Roosevelt arch are all located here. Historians and tourist get a photo session here first because it highlights the respect accorded to the one of its presidents, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. With a rich history spanning 140 years, the park is home to the largest number of geysers in the world. The two million acre park is accessible by road through the grand loop road. The Roosevelt gate gives the visitors something to smile about. This is where the pronghorn antelopes, which are a rare species, are found. Scientists too get something for their study inside the park as microorganism like bacteria; magafana, elk deer and mouse are found (Kalman 2-8). The bear also comes into the picture toward s the northern entrance which has some cold. Rocks present in the park There are a number of rocks open for study to the geologians. Some of these rocks are: Pre-cambian basement, which includes
“Trifles,” by Susan Glaspell, is a story about how a woman breaks down emotionally at the death of her husband. However, from the story itself, we come to know that both Mr. and Mrs. Wright never had a healthy relationship. Mr. Wright’s company for his wife was like that of “ a raw wind that gets to the bone .” (Glaspell, 1916) Actually, for Mrs. Wright, the canary bird meant a lot as she had no children or anyone else. Henceforth if it is considered that she killed the bird or even her husband, then it is too difficult to accept. From the story, we know that she is very cold and has not very much activity to do for her. Being such a kind of woman murdering is beyond any thoughts. However, the existence of the canary is itself a mystery as no one can guarantee that anyone has actually seen the bird at all. Thus, the canary appears to be a metaphor for the inner-self of Mrs. Wright. The empty cage can well signify the nature of aloofness that occupied the mind of Mrs. Wright in the absence of any children. Mrs. Hale stated, “ Not having children does less work–but it makes a quiet house, and Wright out to work all day, and no company when he did come in .” (Glaspell, 1916) Thus, she was alone, and in her deep melancholy, she uses to find herself extremely alone in the world with no one to care for her or her to care for. The relation with her husband was cold. Therefore, the only person who could provide her with solace in this condition was absent from her emotional self. This made her aligned with the canary cage that could have a dweller but never had one. Mrs. Hale never saw the bird. She only assumed that there was a bird in the cage. According to her, “ Why, I don’t know whether she did or not–I’ve not been here for so long. There was a man around last year selling canaries cheap, but I don’t know as she took one; maybe she did. She used to sing real pretty herself .” (Glaspell, 1916) That assumption was the maximum evidence possible in order to establish the existence of the bird. As a bird, the canary is associated with joy and brightness. The predominant yellow signifies life in its most vibrant form. The light of the sun and the warmth within is also yellow, as often seen on the canvas of Van Gough. This light and warmth were missing from the life of Mrs. Wright. Nevertheless, as light is important for life, so is warmth. Mrs. Wright had none. So, she placed an empty cage and deemed it to be the cage of a vibrant, lively bird. This is an existence that she longed for thus complemented the melancholy through imagination. In conclusion, it should be stated that the author presented the play in an apparent ‘who done it’ mode, but the main significance of the play is the basic theme presented in it. This theme is the loneliness and lifelessness of a woman and her strugg