ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The short story “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker is a multilayered piece of writing, but its central idea revolves around the problem of Afro-American heritage. The author portrays the conflict between Mrs. Johnson – the narrator – and her younger daughter Maggie on the one side and Mrs. Johnson’s older daughter Dee – on the other. At the heart of the dispute lies the different perception of how one should appreciate his/her historical roots. In this regard, the current essay seeks to analyze what are the differences between Maggie’s/Mrs. Johnson’s and Wangero’s views on heritage. Additionally, this paper tries to explain the reasons why Dee’s attitudes contrast with those of other family members. The Metaphor Behind Name Change As soon as Dee arrives at her mother’s house, the reader understands that there is something different about Mrs. Johnson’s older daughter. She greets her family members with the phrase “Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!” which means “good morning” in one of the Ugandan languages (Elmore 25). Minutes later, it is also revealed that Dee changed her name to Wangero. To explain such a decision, Wangero claims that “she[Dee] ‘s dead, I couldn’t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me” (Walker). However, Mrs. Johnson opposes that Dee was named after her (Mrs. Johnson’s) sister Dicie who, in turn, inherited that name from Grandma Dee. The narrator could continue tracing back the origin of the name to the times of the Civil War but does not tell this to her older daughter. This scene depicts the first or minor conflict between Dee/Wangero and her family, although it was not explicit. Through such a small clash, Walker draws the first difference between characters’ perceptions of historical heritage. The author wants to show that Wangero’s desire to reunite with her original roots leads to the alienation from the cultural background of her ancestors in the United States. By claiming that “she’s dead,” Dee metaphorically dies for her family (Yang 365). On the contrary, Mrs. Johnson seems not very concerned with her pre-slavery heritage greatly, but she treasures the more recent traditions of her people. Therefore, the author maintains that by denying the impact of the oppression period on the African culture in the U.S., people may lose the important part of their heritage. Everyday Use vs. Some Day Use The second or major conflict happens because of the old quilts and other family relics that Wangero/Dee wants to take from her house to organize an artistic display. When Mrs. Johnson says that she promised to give quilts to Maggie, Wangero exclaims, “Maggie can’t appreciate these quilts!” (Walker). Indeed, from Dee’s perspective, the quilts and hand-made churn and dash are the objects that should be preserved for current and future generations. Conversely, Maggie and her mother want to keep those qui
While Tutankhamen was not among the most significant Ancient Egyptian kings, archaeologists discovered his tomb largely intact, which is why it gives a good idea of what Egyptians considered crucial for a royal burial. The first thing that attracts the eye in Tutankhamen’s tomb is the three ornately decorated coffins made with the use of gold and precious and semi-precious stones (Kleiner 75). Apart from that, Tutankhamen’s tomb was supplied with all manners of items the king could need in his afterlife. The containers for said items were decorated as well, as with the cheats depicting the young king hunting and fighting in battle (Kleiner 76). Hence, the tomb’s inventory served a twofold purpose of providing everything necessary for a monarch’s afterlife while also immortalizing his real or supposed significance as a ruler in Egyptian history. If one imagines reinstating the practice of such funerals for political leaders in contemporary America, the items buried would surely differ from those in Tutankhamen’s tomb. First of all, American culture is heavily influenced by Christianity, and Christian burial rites are much simpler than those of Ancient Egypt, meaning that there will hardly be golden coffins and masks. However, just as the artworks in Tutankhamen’s tomb showcased “Egyptian power, pride, and affluence,” the tombs of modern leaders would likely serve the same purpose (Kleiner 75). One can assume that politicians would have the reprints of the important laws and international treaties passed during their tenures buried with them to showcase their importance as leaders. It is also possible that, just as Ancient Egyptian art depicted the kings’ victories in hunt and war, modern leaders’ tombs would highlight the economic power of their countries manifesting as recognizable brands and products. Thus, one can assume that a US President would be buried in Nike sneakers, Levi Strauss denim jeans, and with an iPhone at hand. Work Cited Kleiner, Fred S. Gardner’s Art through Ages: A Global History . Enhanced 13th ed., Wadsworth, 2011.
The given case study is about an individual who has an alcohol addiction. The main cause of alcoholism is deeply rooted in dysfunctional mother and daughter relationship. Social damage from alcoholism is enormous because families break up, crime grows, life expectancy decreases, and the intellectual level of society declines. Jane’s alcoholism problem is directly caused by her family issues. The referral should be made, where Jane could express her thought and understand the causes of her addiction. Jane’s primary problem is her alcohol addiction due to high levels of consumption (Perkinson 134). Children of alcoholics have reduced mental potential, suffer from various diseases of the central nervous system, which ultimately inhibits the normal development of society as a whole (Galanter et al. 298). Alcohol use is a mass phenomenon associated with such social categories as traditions and customs, on the one hand, and public opinion and fashion, on the other. Also, alcohol consumption is linked with the psychological characteristics of the individual. The given case study is a typical occurrence when a person begins to overconsume alcoholic drinks as a solution for the underlying issues. Jane’s physical changes are minor, because her alcoholism lasts not long enough to cause a significant amount of damage. However, the behavioral shifts are present, such as social isolation and difficulty in communication. The issues are the result of depression, and alcoholism make the problem more severe. The main point is that personality disorders caused by alcohol addiction disrupt the socio-psychological patterns of adaptation (Galanter et al. 312). This leads to the fact that maladaptive personal properties are fixed, because of the specific social and socio-psychological conditions that provoke alcohol consumption. The correct referral method for Jane Roberts is transferring her to Alcoholics Anonymous because it will allow her to open up and have social interaction. Currently, the problem of psychological assistance to people with substance dependence and their close ones retains its importance (Perkinson 142). The researchers note that mental health disorders and distortions in personal development are detected not only in individuals with manifestations of alcohol dependence but also in their family members, in particular, their marriage partners (Perkinson 121). A person dependent on psychoactive substances inevitably forms around him or her a complex of pathological, inadequate, painful relationships leading to various disturbances in the family environment at personal and social levels. In conclusion, the case study of Jane Roberts is about her dysfunctional relationship with her mother, which led to alcoholism. Family codependency is defined as a violation of mental health and personal development, formed as a result of prolonged exposure to stress as well as a full concentration on the problems of another family member. The psychological content of codependency is evidence of the uniqueness of health disorders and personal functioning of a family member as
The article “The meaning of Egyptian-style objects in the Late Bronze cemeteries of Tell el-Farʿah (South)” by Susan L. Braunstein discusses Late Bronze Age IIB Egyptian-style objects. She provides an extensive and comparative analysis of the database that can be gleaned from the study of burial art of that time. In addition, the article parses the influence of the material culture of the Egyptian style on the creation of the social identity of the inhabitants of Egypt. This article is helpful in my work because it provides an overview of Egyptian burial art objects and discusses why these works were created. This article is peer-reviewed and approved by the scientific community because it is posted by a reputable resource, The University of Chicago Press Journal. The article’s author, Susan L. Braunstein, is a credible writer of scholarly materials on Egypt. The book “Egyptian Art: Introductory Studies” by Jean Capart explores various aspects of Egyptian art. This work is interesting because it presents an overview of art based on various factors – architecture, history, and Egyptian society. The author also explains the meaning and practical application of Egyptian art from the perspective of environmental factors, which is unusual for this kind of material. For my work, this book is helpful because it presents an overview of Egyptian art from various perspectives. It will help me to use a more extensive and complete information base in my work. The book is a credible source because its author is an experienced Egyptologist. The article “Egyptians planned their funerals and mummies,” written in 1935, provides a detailed overview of Egyptian funeral art. The emphasis is on why the cult of funerals and death was popular in ancient Egypt. In addition, the author describes precisely how funeral planning took place and how funerary art was created. This article is helpful for my work because it describes the practical application of Egyptian art, specifically the application for ritual purposes. The material is very interesting and extensive. It provides an excellent theoretical basis for discussing Egyptian funerary art in my research. The article is an authoritative source because it was published by a respected scientific publication, The Science News. “The Enlightenment Rediscovery of Egyptology: Vitaliano Donati’s Egyptian Expedition, 1759-62” by Angela Scattolin Morecroft recounts the collection of Egyptian artifacts assembled in 1759 by botanist and scholar Vitaliano Donati. This collection is one of the oldest and largest systematic collections of Egyptology in Europe. The book is interesting because it tells the story of the collecting and studying of ancient Egyptian art objects. This material is helpful to my work in that it provides an overview and history of finding various Egyptian art objects. Through this book, I will analyze the different art forms better and analyze their historical purpose more accurately. This book is a credible source
About cranes A crane is one of the many machines used in the construction, manufacturing, and transport industry to move heavy materials or equipment vertically or horizontally from one point to another. A crane machine is made from smaller machines as well as wires, ropes, winders, and sheaves that are assembled so as to create a motorized advantage. The motorized advantage enables the movement of a variety of heavy loads that goes beyond the normal physical capability of humans. The crane uses simple machines such as the lever and pulley to create its motorized advantage (2). Cranes are a common sighting in the transport industry, particularly in ship harbors, because they are used to load and unload consignment from ships that are otherwise impossible to move. Cranes are also a common sighting in the construction industry as they assist construction workers to move heavy building materials like concrete slabs and steel bars from the ground to the places they need to be installed. In the manufacturing industry, for example, the motor assembly industry, cranes are used to lift heavy equipment and through automation processes, assemble them with minimal assistance from humans (2). There are two major factors that are considered when designing a crane: the first consideration is the weight the crane is expected to lift, and the second consideration is the crane stability. For example, a crane used in the manufacturing industry cannot be expected to lift consignment from a ship due to the weight differences. In regards to stability, a crane should be built to effectively handle heavy loads without the remote possibility of it toppling over; thus, being a hazard to everyone in the area. In the old ages, cranes could only lift and lower heavy materials, but with the passing of time and major technological advancements, the modern cranes have the ability to move vertically as well as horizontally (2). Reasons why cranes are used in construction The aspects of modern construction projects are and are continuing to become more highly automated. As industrialization in the construction industry continues to grow, more companies prefer to use building structures and elements that are assembled elsewhere as opposed to doing the actual assembly on site. Concrete, for example, is only produced on-site when the construction project requires very high volumes of concrete; thus, it would not be prudent to transport the concrete (4). If the project is smaller, it would be cheaper and more practical to transport ready-mixed concrete to the site. It means that someone is likely to see transportation equipment on-site as opposed to production equipment. In modern building construction sites, there is usually clear domination of lifting equipment, and these types of equipments are considered as critical elements in attaining productivity. Concrete pumps, earthmovers, cranes, lifts, and hoists, and material handlers are some of the most notable equipment types in a construction site (4). Though earth moving types of equipments are seen during the startup of the project, cranes are the only conspicuous equipment durin
Introduction The Stanford Prison Experiment serves as an example of how social power of groups works. Especially, this study undertaking, revealed how study participants (mock prisoners) adhered to the rules of the authority figures when they well knew that, this breached their personal beliefs. This study illustrates that social power of groups can incessantly shock an guiltless person , even up to near-death levels, if controlled to do so by an individual acting as an authority. The authority individuals in this experiment were merely college students who acted as prison guards. Stanford Prison Experiment and many other studies in this area have shown that human nature is malleable and to situational pressures than previously known. Overall, Stanford Prison Experiment challenges the sacrosanct perspective that observes that inner nature of the person (e.g., dispositions, character, and personality) directs individuals down righteous paths (Zimbardo, 1991). Discussion Philip Zimbardo uses the power of situation. We see how volunteer college students were randomly given the roles to play. Some played the role of prisoners and others that of prison guards in a situation formed to suggest a sense of the psychology of custody. Impressive pragmatism infused the research. The mock prisoners were arrested, booked, shaved and deloused (Zimbardo, 2007). This act greatly humiliated them. In the prison each mock prisoner was given a number of identification, stripped naked and was supposed to wear and large smock without underclothes and confined all the time for a designed two weeks. A group of three guards watched the prisoners for 8 hr shifts. In the whole study, Zimbardo was the overseer together with 2 graduate students. The experiment suggests that before the mock prisoners started reflecting symptoms of distress, they took the authority of their guards for granted. But it was this only for a short duration before they came to know that the stance of the guards was a serious one that called for complete obedience. This was the starting point of a chain of violence between the prison warders and inmates. The prison warders utilized body punishment and strenuous activities so as to demonstrate their power to the inmates. In the prison the prisoners were being by punished by stripping them naked, chaining them as well as not allowing them to have enough time to sleep. The mock prisoners were also compelled to participate in humiliating games. At the end, this social setting changed them from good young persons to criminals. This situational power won the battle. The young men lost their morals and their civility. Power conquered, and unlimited power of the prisoners tended to be an aphrodisiac. All this changed the young men’s characters. In my opinion, this situational power was much related with evil.
PPQ Parts’ intention to enter into the global market has a range of advantages. However, the firm needs to acquire the necessary management resources to avoid the last minute trash. Some of these resources include software packages for materials requirements planning (MRP), enterprise resource planning, and capacity requirement planning needs (Dennis and Dennis, 1995). The Company requires the enterprise resource planning (ERP) software to manage major business activities such as sales, production, delivery, and billing, among others. Whereas handheld computers enhance data collection wherever the data is generated, ERP has the capacity to gather the data accurately and increase its generation (Wallace and Kremzar, 2001). The company, therefore, has to acquire enterprise resource planning (ERP) software to achieve its global objectives. One of the best options available for PPQ Parts is to acquire A1 EPR. The system is available globally (A1 ERP | ERP Systems , n.d.). Therefore, PPQ Parts can acquire it while in the host foreign country. However, the firm can also purchase it from other countries of choice. The EPR can handle all enormous manufacturing tasks making it suitable for meeting the needs of PPQ Parts. Additionally, the A1 EPR can solve business needs of medium and large sized firms. Therefore, the company can use it at the beginning of its trading global session and continue doing so when it is fully established. The other advantage of the system regards its design. A1 EPR is built in Java based on a 3-tier structural design of a GWT Ajax-base front-end. It is, therefore, J2EE compliant system. Its user interface is developed at run-time, and it can be built disjointedly for various platforms such as Smart phones, computers, and other such devices. This system can enhance the efficiency of a business by keeping its internal processes running through out. Besides, it can lead to increment of output due to the improved customer service. On the other hand, A1 EPR has a number of disadvantages. First, it costs more than other related software do. This may be due to its incomparable degree of integration and comprehensiveness. Second, it is not easy to customize (A1 ERP | ERP Systems , n.d.). The company should consider hiring experts to operate it. Apart from A1 EPR, PPQ Parts can use EPR 5 to meet the manufacturing objectives. This ERP is based on Python and Zope. Its most outstanding feature is that is based on a unified model that describes its performance. EPR 5 implementation consists of between 20 to 30 tables. This is in contrast to the implementation of ordinary ERP software that requires thousands of tables since they work by joining several modules. The EPR implementation procedure involves pulling together electronic documents or papers in the firm, recording each term and fundamental conceptions in each file to the UMB concept, and forming the judgment making process materialized by identification signs via docume
Introduction People worldwide are usually held up in debates revolving around the issue of belief in myths and mythology, and up to now the issue of myths still mystifies and baffles many, and continues to be mysterious on how it influences individual’s lives globally. The main sides of the debate are those in favor of myths (traditional cultural theorists), and those against myths (modern scientists). Many hold strong believes on myths and how they(the myths) dictate their lives, while others criticizing myths to be typical traditional ways of thinking which have been overtaken by the modernized lateral thinking, which are complemented with scientific justifications on explaining a certain phenomenon. Parker, n.d attempted to give a succinct meaning of a myth as a typical story usually sacred, aiming at giving an explanation or a basis to justify why a certain event occurs or happens. The phenomenon usually being a natural event or a practice based on a certain people’s culture. The traditional mythology usually revolved around heroes as well as the workings of gods. Thesis Statement In my opinion, mythology and myths resides in every human being’s mind, in thoughts either consciously or unconsciously, and even though modern scientists deny the fact, at some extend they are unable to scientifically justify some phenomena in life, like the origin of life. The modern myth The modern myth distinct itself from the traditional perspective in that it is more supported by religious faiths as well as some scientific bases, but not always (Walters, n.d).In North America like any other region of the world, myths were and are usually associated in the explanation of v
In the last couple of decades, various communication technologies have not only been invented, but also spread across the globe. This trend has taken by storm both personal and corporate communication, with computer-based applications being the most widespread. Internet chatting and teleconferencing have replaced the traditional meetings that used to be held in a conference room. Virtual conferencing has also become a popular communication technique in corporations. Some of the issues that have led to increased technology communication include portability and accessibility of internet and computers. Communication gadgets have been reduced to convenient sizes and this has influenced many people, who now use them in place of traditional methods (West and Turner 392). The availability and easy access to the internet has also influenced the use of communication gadgets. Communication has changed from a traditional time-dependent activity to an instantaneous thing. This has greatly influenced people’s choices, with technology becoming more reliable as time passes. The flexibility in communication has also enhanced communication. The rigid forms of communication used in ancient times such as letter writing, have been replaced by technology-based communication systems, which are less demanding and less formal (West and Turner 392). The adverse effects that technology has had on face-to-face communication are immense, given the fact that communication skills have been greatly affected. Due to the informality of online communication, students and young individuals are unable to spell words properly and write correct grammar. Sentence structures have also been affected by this overreliance on communication technology. When writing a short message using a phone or a computer, individuals tend to care less about spelling mistakes because there are a host of applications that automatically rectify them. The informality brought about by the current communication technology has also affected inter-generation relationships. Due to the respect and fear associated with face-to-face interactions with elderly persons, this mode of communication helps young people to learn to differentiate and respect the age differences. On the contrary, the current communication technology has virtually no concern for age or status. It has thus encouraged moral decadence and promoted rotten values and cultures (Settle-Murphy 1). Authenticity of information cannot be evaluated in communication technology as it can in face-to-face communications (Garson 90). In face-to-face communication, it is possible to detec