ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction James Huffman is the author of the book, Japan and Imperialism 1853-1945 . The author uses a dazzling and interactive sequence of events to tell how Japan dealt with the challenge of foreign policy and victimization from colonizers. The author engages the reader by explaining how Japan responded to these challenges. Adoption and promotion of imperialism in Japan had numerous effects on the country’s development strategies, as well as the welfare of citizens (Huffman 10). In addition, the author analyses the country’s imperialism framework in terms of its positives and negatives. The book examines many issues about development in Japan, as well as various empirical and theoretical concepts on the same. This essay provides a detailed review of the book by identifying and analyzing various concepts and topical approaches. Problem: Questions/Issues Examined by the Author The issue addressed by the author in this book is how Japan managed to establish itself as an economic and political powerhouse in Asia. James Huffman applies his literacy prowess to provide a detailed and sequential recitation of how Japan redeemed the sovereignty of its people amidst the pressures of imperialism and colonization from western nations (Huffman 15). In addition, the author identifies the problem of pressure coming from Japan’s domestic settlements and administrative districts, which made it hard to achieve effective management of resources. The challenge of imperialism and colonialism was hard for Japan to deal with, as it was targeted and victimized for practicing a learned profession (Huffman 19). Significance of the Book in Understanding Asian Studies The book is very useful and significant because it helps the reader gain better understanding of historical facts about Japan. The author incorporates pictures, an alphabetical list of technical terms used in the text, chronology of events, endnotes, and references for anyone interested in expounding their knowledge on any concept
Introduction The history of women in Europe was an invisible story. Especially the history of women during the communist era is very scant. Particularly there is a major paucity of European feminists who may have documented the women’s social, political, and economic situation during the communist era. So whatever work that has been done on women during this time has mostly been dominated by western thoughts. Though there are extensive and promising works, being present in the post-communist era (e.g. Wolchik (1994)) but there exist definitive works on women’s history in the communist era in Eastern Europe. Here it must be made clear as to what I mean by Eastern Europe. By Eastern Europe, I mean, following Andrea Peto, the erstwhile Soviet bloc (Peto 2004, 173). This paper tries to trace the trend of historiography in women’s studies in East Europe in the communist era. The paper is first trying to ascertain the existing works and the viewpoints of the researchers on women’s history and then try to ascertain if there exists any difference between the Eastern European and Western European historian’s points of view. Then I will discuss the present situation of the field of study and the future direction of research that is required in the area. First, I discuss the contributions and developments in feminist research in Eastern European countries. Women’s Studies in East Europe According to Peto women’s history in the communist East Europe had been “crippled not only by institutional and disciplinary boundaries but also by national hegemonies and overarching frameworks of history writing” (Peto 2004, 174). This is indicative of the “crippled” situation women’s history is in today. While discussing women’s roles in the communist era of the Eastern Europe, Peto shows that in the post-communist there developed a feminist side of history, but before which history was grossly dominated by patriarchal views (Peto 2004, 174). Peto also identifies that unlike Eastern Europe, the change in the history’s outlook in North American and Western Europe occurred due to immense pressure from the political and feminist groups (174). Further, Peto states that the nature of feminist history writing was positivist in nature, implying that there was counter-argument presented in the history of women presented by academicians during the communist era (175). Feminist historical accounts were subjugated by communist authoritarian government. An argument has been presented regarding feminist history in the communist era, that it had been subjugated by the authorities (Majcher, Majoros and Peto 2004, 83
The problem Statement and its Development Introduction Academic plagiarism is at an all-time high amid graduate students across the globe. Plagiarism is regarded as a serious academic dishonesty since it dents the principle that academic research will augment an existing research. Research shows that students are increasingly practicing academic dishonesty via the internet. Most lecturers admit that the majority students submit plagiarized research papers and essays. The professors blame the increase in the cases of plagiarism to the growth in technology. A majority of the graduate students advertently engage in academic dishonesty. Having been in school for over fifteen years, the students have adequate knowledge on the imperativeness of academic integrity. Moreover, some students know how to avoid plagiarism as well as its impacts. Unfortunately, most graduate students “are ill-prepared for the challenges of graduate study” (Born, 2013, p. 223). According to Born (2013), at least 40% of the applied research papers that engineering, science, mathematics and technology students submit are plagiarized. Indeed, the challenge of plagiarism is not only prevalent among graduate level students but also master’s students. The following section of this article discusses the problem, objective, research questions and methodology followed to answer the research questions. The problem addressed in this study is the methods of dealing with the issue of plagiarism in applied research papers amid graduate students, which threatens to weaken the quality of academic research. One study evaluated the varied strategies that can help to reduce cheating and inculcate good writing and referencing skills amid students pursuing a degree in psychology. The study focused on the effectiveness of plagiarism checker in curbing plagiarism (Bretag, 2013). Additionally, it assessed the students’ capacity to reference the academic sources that they use to compile their applied research papers. The study found that the use of plagiarism checker helps to reduce cases of academic dishonesty among graduate students. Statement of the Problem This paragraph demonstrates the significance of the problem since in the contemporary academic world institutions are grappling to eradicate plagiarism, which is affecting the quality of the graduate students that universities release into the market as well as the quality of scholarly research. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using online academic candor software to curb plagiarism in applied research assignments amid learners. The study carried out a pre-intervention assessment, which showed that over 25% of the assignments were plagiarized. After the use of the software, it was found that only 6.5% of the research papers were copied (Born, 2013). The students who plagiarized performed poorly compared with those who did not engage in academic dishonesty. The study demonstrated that involvement in academic dishonesty affects the quality of scholarly work and students’ performance. A majority of the students wh
Anxiety disorders should be diagnosed as quickly as possible for the prevention of severe consequences. I succeeded in distinguishing the normal, disordered anxiety, and fear, according to the certain criteria. The provided objectives helped in the understanding of the learning process. There are several features of the depressive disorders, namely the presence of a bad mood, certain changes in the somatic and cognitive functions, and the significant deterioration of functioning. The depressive disorder affects the overall health of the patient and impacts the illness (Strakowski and Nelson 23). According to the recent experiments in the field of psychology, the depressive disorders are commonly divided into unipolar (depression) and bipolar (depression and mania) (Strakowski 132). I would like to point out that the understanding of major symptoms of the depressive disorders will help to evaluate the diagnosis and prevent dire consequences. The main features of the depression disorder are depressed mood and empty feelings every the day, the low interest during the daily activities, weight loss, fatigue, thoughts of death. I learned that the depressive disorder that is believed to be hardly discovered is commonly viewed as dysthymia. It should be stated that the main criteria for the diagnosis are the irritable mood for more than one year, poor appetite, the lack of energy, and fatigue. The depressive disorders in Saudi Arabia are commonly explained as a result of gender inequality (Koenig et al. 226). I would like to make an accent that according to the theory of Aaron Beck the individual with the depressive feelings makes cognitive errors; depressed person thinks negatively concerning oneself, the future, the world around. The social and cultural factors can cause the depressive disorders. I succeed in the understanding of how the depression and mood disorders should be treated and the significant effect of the depression on a human life. The deeper understanding of the nature of substance-related disorders, physiological, and psychological effects of alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, and stimulants is beneficial for the consideration of how the addiction should be treated. One of the most widespread substance-related disorders is caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis addiction. To provide the appropriate treatment to the patient the psychological side of the problem should also be taken into consid
Martin Luther King is optimistic that African Americans will have basic rights including voting and other social rights in the future. Such rights will allow African Americans to vote, live in good neighborhoods and interact with White Americans without any discrimination (Gates 107). In a perfect society, all Americans will be treated equally by the constitution. According to Martin Luther, freedom is about people being judged based on their characters, but not ethnicity (Gates 107). In a perfect society, the constitution will protect all citizens equally. Martin Luther defines freedom as the ability to live how individuals want and to attend any school or motel of choice without restrictions based on race (Gates 108). Luther urges people not rest until freedom is attained. The speech “I have a dream” by Martin Luther King continues to challenge leaders today (Hansen 23). Today, this speech has continually challenged Americans to recognize everybody’s potential in areas of politics and leadership among other fields. However, cases of police brutality and incarceration of African Americans are relative high in the American society today (Gates 109). Just recently, there was an African American young man who was shot three times in the neighborhood for walking in White’s settlements. When lobby groups enquired about this incidence, police officers argued that the boy was a criminal. This is an indication that Americans have not yet attained freedom. The coming of President Obama to power has given most African Americans hope (Gates 109). In fact, the number of African Americans who turned out to vote in the last election is an indicator that Americans are ready to attain freedom. Evidently, Africans and White Americans are now getting to a level where they are putting their differences aside for development. Works Cited Gates, Louis. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature . New York, NY: Norton press, 2004. Print. Hansen, Drew. The Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Speech that Inspired a Nation . New York, NY: Harper Collins, 2003. Print.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Drafting Process 18 members from various political, cultural, and religious backgrounds formed The Commission on Human Rights (Eleanor Roosevelt, widow of Franklin D. Roosevelt chaired the committee). The Commission met for the first time in 1947. The final draft of the Declaration was handed to the Commission being held in Geneva, therefore, the draft declaration that was sent to all UN member states for commentary is known as the Geneva draft. Over 50 Member States were participating in the final drafting; as a result of this process, the first draft of the Declaration was ready in September 1948. Human Rights Day The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on 10 December 1948. This date has been commemorated since 1950 when the General Assembly invited all states to celebrate Human Rights Day for the first time. Traditionally on 10 December high-level political conferences and meetings are held in United Nations headquarters in New York. Special events organized by governmental and non-governmental organizations accompany the celebration. The Commission on Human Rights: The Chairwoman Being neither scholar nor an expert on international law the former American First Lady managed to breathe into the work of the committee much enthusiasm and positive thinking. Her efforts were directed to making a common-sense approach and optimism fundamental in the process of the Commission’s work. Throughout her political activity, Eleanor Roosevelt was known as a professional who cared about the interests of the common man and woman. Legacy of Smoking at the Workplace Federal agencies like the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission demand employers to take reasonable measures to protect no-smokers from smoke. Safety in the workplace with regards to this problem is also protected by The Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Employees experiencing problems with their co-workers who smoke are encouraged to inform the proper authority. If the authority fails to take reasonable steps employees can resort to the organizations mentioned above to have their rights protected. Telephone Tapping at Work Interception of oral communications and telephone conversations, in particular, is prohibited by The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. According to the document, private and confidential conversations between employees should remain such, employers are forbidden to eavesdrop. Monitoring E-Mail Messages The law in different states differs but only a few states have legis
The word Baraka stands for the essence of life or blessing in the Sufi language, and this is one of the most amazing films made, and it has received wide acclaim for its sensitive portrayal of the relation between man and earth and ultimately life. Baraka was made in 1992, directed by Ron Fricke, produced by Mark Magidson, script written by Constantine Nicholas and Genevieve Nicholas, with music by Michael Stearns. The film does not have any dialogues or heroes and heroines as movies normally do (Brussat, 2006). The movie has been shot in various locations in six continents and 24 countries such as Japan, Kenya, Nepal, Australia, Argentina, and so on. The film uses the time-lapse photography technique and has captured various images of churches, religious ceremonies, different landscapes, life in different cities, and so on and attempts to capture the mood and ethos of the swarm of humanity as it indulges in daily activities. The film tries to show that life is a blessing, come what may and that the travesties of life, the brutal and inhuman behavior of some people, do not degrade this blessing. There are a number of scenes where the people watching the movie feel that they are blessed to be alive. Long tracking shots of the horror of Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland, huge mounds of skulls and bones that are preserved in a museum at Tuol Sleng in Cambodia enforce this feeling that the viewer is blessed with life and living. The movie also tries to show that though we live in different cultures and traditions, there is a common binding that we are indeed from a common clan. There is one scene in which the delicate tattoo of a Yakuza, a Japanese gangster who is bathing, is interposed with an aboriginal Australian who is in his traditional war paint (Brussat, 2006). The opening scene highlights the main message of the movie that life is a blessing. The scene shows a snow-covered mountain in Japan where a lone monkey is playing in the hot spring. The amazed look of the monkey as it plays in the freezing cols where there is warm water shows the diversity of our earth. There are many scenes that show that life has a relative meaning for everyone. One scene shows a Buddhist monk walking placidly on a busy Japanese street, oblivious to the mad rush of the office goers who are rushing to their jobs. There are other scenes where the starkness of poverty in a Delhi street is portrayed by a scavenger who is picking up rotten food from the garbage dump and another shot of homeless people who are sleeping huddled on the street, seeking shelter. The similarities in the highly commercialized and hectic pace of life are shown in a scene where baby chicks are pushed through a conveyor as they are weighed and sorted and their beaks clipped. The next shot shows commuters in the Tokyo subway rushing to catch the train, packed in the train just like the helpl
The ad, “Audi 2010 Green Car Super Bowl Commercial” has segments that ensure citizens adhere to green energy and general management of the environment. The effort made is shown by “Green Police” checking all waste bins in case somebody flouts regulations. As police hunt for environmentally noncompliant vehicles, the Audi brand on a car makes them believe it is green compliant. An Audi does not need to be put through rigorous evaluation since the car has the best efficiency in burning oil and it does not produce pollutant gasses to the environment. The other ideology brought out by the commercial is that with an Audi, there is no need for much effort to conserve the environment given that it is highly efficient in doing so. The advert however uses a lot of segments to bring out the final message to the consumers. The use of “Green Police” in the advert to arrest a young man at the mall and the guys at the road for using plastic containers and a bottle respectively, at first fails to bring out the intended meaning of the advert (Bianculli 7). On the other hand, the advert intends to educate the society on the need to conserve the environment and sensitizes them on the materials that are environmentally unfriendly. This is brought out clearly by informing them that vehicle emissions pollute the environment, meaning they should make sure their vehicles are compliant with the regulation; according to the advert, one can be saved from this difficulty by purchasing the Audi Green model car. The advert communicates to a wide range of people but the message passed to them varies depending on the social classes in the audience (Bianculli 7). The advert mostly applies to urban dwellers since most of the scenes revolve around city life. It also communicates to different economic classes as well, since it cautions against use of incandescent bulbs and heating water in the saunas above specific temperatures (“Audi 2010” 7). This does not only apply to specific economic social classes in the society, but also depicts a bit of caution to those that are fond of parting and using plastic containers that are environmental pollutants. In some cases, it communicates to a wide variety of audience since it cautions against use of plastics, which are generally used by quite a number of social classes. In most of the scenes, the advert excludes low income earners who live in places that do not have well defined refuse management policies. Despite all the meanings that can be drawn from the advert, it is clear that an Audi car is very efficient in conserving t
The Most Appealing Ideas In Courageous Conversations about Race , Singleton and Linton propose starting discussions about the issue of race and promote antiracist leadership. The authors emphasize that the aforementioned discussions require a level of courage because the issues under review are extremely sensitive and, sometimes, controversial. In the book, the authors cover such topics as the racial achievement gap, institutionalized racism, whiteness and white privilege, and the concept of equity. It is appealing that in their discussion, the authors focus on a variety of issues of race, tracking back the history of racial relations in the United States, as well as the present state of affairs. Also, it was interesting to see that at the end of each chapter, the authors added what they called “racial autobiography” – a segment written by various individuals for the purpose of describing their experiences in relation to race throughout their lives. Such experiences are very different and allow seeing how race can impact people’s lives on a daily basis. Personal stories of this kind help the members of the general public reading this book understand how pressing the issues of race are and why they need to be brought up and discussed with courage. Finally, I found the focus on the racial achievement gap as a very appealing idea because I have faced this issue throughout my practice as an educator and I believe that this is a very relevant subject and a problem that required immediate action because due to the lack of equity our country may be losing a significant portion of its human capital – valuable future professionals who could work for the benefit of the state and lead the nation forward. The Implications of Ideas in the Book for Me as an Educator As it was mentioned in the previous section, the ideas in the book were focused specifically on the elimination of the achievement gap that is present between the academic performances of members of different races. In most cases, this tendency is a sign that students of color are not given equal opportunities to their peers. In turn, this phenomenon stands for institutional racism – a set of harmful racial biases imbedded in school policies and the attitudes of school personnel, educational leaders, and policymakers towards students of color. In that way, the problems explored by Singleton and Linton in their book are particularly relevant to educators. The ideas of the authors imply that teachers and school administrators need to begin the reevaluation of the rules and laws practices in their workplaces in regard to the effects they produce on different groups of learners and on the students of color specifically. It is likely that professionals, who are good at critical thinking and free of personal biases, would be likely to identify the practices that harm students. However, it is possible that even if such flawed policies and rules would be identified, the administrations of schools may turn out to be reluctant to change their approaches and reassess some of its foundational principles and replace them with new ones. The leaders’ re