ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article acknowledges that currently, the rates of innovativeness have increased but limited to the technological field of study (The Economist par. 1). Governments and several other research institutions are spending trillions of dollars in research and development. This is what has given rise to the current technological advancements in computing, telecommunication and networking. In comparison to the 19 th and 20 th centuries’ innovations that were done in diverse fields, the concentration of current innovations in one field has made other fields to be ignored in terms of development. This has greatly slowed down the economic advancement of the current world. The main challenge identified is the level of specialization that has been witnessed in the field of innovation (The Economist par. 2). The article asserts that increasing the areas of innovativeness will enhance economic growth. Furthermore, the article appreciates that the current economic development is not as rapid as it was during the era of industrial revolution. This has been is attributed to other market forces. Such forces include government policies and the current economic crisis. Innovativeness is currently at its highest peak. Since innovation is a key contributor to economic development, the present economic development is on a steady rise. This is largely due to the use of more efficient economic principles of development that have been advanced by technological improvements and innovativeness (The Economist par. 2). The modern world has witnessed increased technological advancements. These innovations have positively influenced efficiency in the production sectors and therefore enhancing economic growth and development. Furthermore, there is increased connectivity around the world due the use of internet and mobile phones (The Economist par. 4). The latter has resulted into globalization that has equally widened the market size. In addition, the current economic developments have resulted into the improvement of the overall living standards compared to the last two centuries. The modern world has elaborated and sophisticated systems of monitoring the economic processes. Consequently, the best strategies have been used for economic growth. However, the current development has been slowed down as a result of specialization. The overconcentration of innovativeness in technological advancement has slowed down the economic growth in the 21 st century (The Economist par. 7). The sustainability of the current technological advancements is unpredictable since most sources of energy are non-renewable. The use of petroleum as a major source of energy is also threatening the sustainability of the environment. The governments across the world are not investing enough in minimizing greenhouse gases. Increased environmental degradation has greatly affected economic development. Moreover, inadequate innovations in t
Exploration is defined as traveling on earth or air with an aim of discovering resources and gathering information (McMillan, 2006). I will explore the Arctic region at the North Pole, I have chosen this region because most people do not wish to travel to this region due to its harsh weather conditions and poor accessibility. I do believe it will be more adventurers and enjoyable to travel there. The region is extremely cold hence the animals that inhibit there are much different from any other regions on the earth and there is no vegetation. The region, therefore, is a unique place of study and exploration. Very few explorers are interested or courageous to travel to the North Pole and most of those who visit the region go there for snow sporting activities. For the travel to be successful I am expected to learn how to use the traveling equipment used in regions with a lot of snow so that I would be able to travel through the Arctic region. The events of my voyage will be taking photos of the places I will place and sampling of water temperatures in different places. I do expect the temperatures to be extremely cold, all the places to be covered with ice, have few animals and fish and a place which does not have vegetation. After the visit my expectations were met, although I was expecting the temperatures to be -20 O C however the place was very cold actually it was ranging from – 26 O C to – 43 O C after visiting the region I read some documentation about the North Pole and realized that the average temperature of the region is -34 O C. For my travel I carried walking equipment, much warm clothing’s to keep myself warm over the period I will be visiting the region. I also carried a thermometer for measuring the temperatures of the atmosphere and water. I also carried small containers for the collection of samples and small items which I could get there and would wish to carry. I will collect samples of water which I will then measure their salinity and density. Such information will be essential so that I would understand how it relates to the sea animals and plants which are in the region. I would as well explore the animals which inhabit the area especially the plants underneath the ice cover. With such information, I will be able to understand how the ecology of the region is able to sustain its self in the region. Another area of interest is to understand how water masses circulate in the Arctic Ocean and how it relates to changing temperatures of water and the region, and the formation of glaciers. However, I might not be able to gather such information from the visit alone therefore after the visit I do intend to get materials wit
Introduction 1st of January 1994 is the most important day of my life, as it is the day I was born, the day I was given life by my parents for what I must thank them for the rest of their days. I also express my gratitude to all of you who came here to listen to my birthday speech. It is an honor for me to share my feelings about this day with you, and I hope you feel the same. My birthdate in the World History This day was not only the day of my birth; it was also the beginning of the International Year of Family ( IYF , n.d.), the day Bill Gates got married ( Melinda Gates , n.d.), and North American Free Trade Agreement finally going into effect ( North American Free Trade Agreement , n.d.). It means a lot for me to be born in parallel with these important events. Important political events like the Zapatista Uprising also occurred on 01.01.1994 ( The Zapatista uprising , n.d.). It was also the day Karamazov brothers finally closed in New York after 50 performances ( Historical events , n.d.). On that very day, Grand Night after Singing also closed after 52 performances ( A Grand Night for Singing , n.d.). My birthdate in my family history The date of my birth is surrounded by various family events, the most notable one is that I was born on the 10 year wedding anniversary of my parents ! From that moment, 1st of January 1994 became an even more important day that it was before. My parents say that during my birthday the weather was exactly the same as at the time of their wedding. Another interesting fact is that my uncle met his beloved at the very same day. Even now my uncle still jokes about me being some sort of his “luck talisman” that helped him to finally find the one he was looking for. Back then I would not probably give that much attention to these details, but now when I think about it, I do not believe that was just a coincidence. Coincidences happen, but not that many, and especially during the New Year ! My Mom and Dad have always said that I was the best gift that they could ever get, and I feel the same way in a sense that the gift of the new life that they granted me with is something I will never forget. I sincerely hope that all future birthdays will be as memorable as mine. There was also an another small event that happened in parallel with my birthday, like my younger brother finally receiving the present he wanted for so long – a huge remote control robot with lasers and noisy sounds. Little did he know that Santa also had another present for him. Perhaps not as wanted as that robot, but still the one that could be played with. Conclusion I am extremely glad to be born on this day not only because of these important events, but also because I was born at the beginning of the New Year, which is essentially the start of new life period for each of us, and I am glad to be a part of this new cycle in some way. Thank you for sharing this moment with me, and I am looking forward to hearing about your birthdays too.
Graphic design is the art of presentation and visual communication in an artistic manner. It may include words, images, or symbols to simulate a human mind and provide the information needed. In accordance with Meggs, graphic design can be enumerated, “ the essence is to give order to information, form to ideas, expression, and feeling to artifacts that document the human experience .” (Meggs, 28). Nationalistic designs or posters are formulated and circulated to evoke a certain patriotic feeling about a nation for its own good. These forms of posters are connected to the ideas of patriotism and nationalism and the romantic ideas of war that were characteristic of the time. It is true, the youth mainly started with these ideas in the first place, but with reality, creeping in the ideas of patriotic feeling becomes too fragile when compared with life and the aspects of love. However, that is a very different subject altogether. The nationalistic posters are formulated during the state level of war analysis and include a basic idea that the key factor is not necessarily based on human factors, but governmental ones in organization and such. The constraints that are created as a result of the basic infrastructure of the country can become a root cause of war. There are two variations to this idea. One is the state’s nature; because each state wants certain things just because they would happen to the state, and things like security and unity or nationalism would be included within that. Also included within this perspective is, as individuals, every state would be different. There would be differences that include purposeful, ideological, and structural differences to consider. Much like the man vs. man consideration, this would be, in order, revolutionary vs. status quo, capitalism vs. communism, and democracy vs. totalitarianism. However, the population must be motivated under such conditions, and the best method is propaganda, and the best method of propaganda is nationalist posters or posters that provoke patriotism or nationalism. It is evident that the amount of influence of the mass media and graphics on today’s mass is extremely substantial, and it cannot be overlooked that the potential of this tool as a communicative medium could be significant enough in the near future that could have the potential to topple the government and change the fate of a country forever. The only variable remaining is the proper ability and apposite will to indulge in the prospective strength of the internet. It will be clarified if the aspect of such a poster is taken into consideration. Such a poster is the famous “Your Country Needs You” poster featuring “Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum & of Broome (1850-1916).” (DHA, 1) He is often depicted as “Kitchener of Khartoum, architect of disaster at Gallipoli.” (DHA, 1) This poster is the best example of a nationalistic poster and the probable rami
Introduction People improve their self-defense through behaving or thinking in certain ways. People enhance their self-defense through strategies, which help them distance themselves from a complete comprehension of horrible feelings, way of thinking, and behaviors (Freud 8). Anna Freud formulated human defense mechanisms based on anxiety and ego. According to Anna Freud, people minimize feelings of anxiety through reducing tensions in their lives (Plotnik and Haig 437). Anxiety is characterized by aversive internal state, which individuals try to evade. People use defense strategies in minimizing nervousness. Defense mechanisms may be mentally healthy. In addition, they may also be maladaptive. However, minimizing tension is largely the objective of using defense mechanisms (Plotnik and Haig 437). There are various defensive mechanisms developed by Freud. The defensive mechanisms are applicable in helping people deal with anxiety situations, which may be detrimental to their health. Defensive Mechanisms The occurrence of nervousness triggers peoples’ defense mechanisms. All defense mechanisms share two general characteristics. They operate unconsciously. They can also distort or misrepresent reality. The alteration of perceived reality lowers anxiety thus minimizing the psychological tension felt by individuals (Plotnik and Haig 437). Repression is a primary defense mechanism that occurs consciously or unconsciously. It is significant in preventing unsuitable ID desires from developing into behaviors as well as negating undesirable thoughts from gaining consciousness. In addition, it prevents the memory from regenerating mistakes people made. Notably, people repress things according to their cultural anticipations and specific ego expansion (Hergenhahn 553). Denial is a strategy people use in cases where the level of anxiety is high. People develop more severe aspect of memory repression to deal with the anxiety. This enables people to deny that psychologically damaging scenarios never occurred (Plotnik and Haig 437). Denial becomes challenging as people age because they develop more comprehension to the concept of objective reality. Notably, everyone applies repression and denial mechanisms. Projection entails the reduction of anxiety through attributing oneself repressing thoughts to others. The individual projects their anxiety causing situations to others in order to minimize its impact. The strategy involves employing the non-anxiety aggravating feelings (Plotnik and Haig 437). Rationalization operates as an after event strategy of dealing with anxiety. It enables people to ident
Introduction In general, liberals are credited with championing the cause of freedom based on the assumption that people are rational enough to have the freedom of shaping their beliefs and behavior with minimal interference. However, minimal-state liberals and active-state liberals display some significant similarities and differences, especially when moral psychology is considered. Modern philosophers and psychologists have attempted to develop a clear line between the two forms of liberalism. In this paper, a moral-political psychology is discussed with respect to the perspectives of two modern philosophers- Jonathan Haidt and the Colbert Report on government raid on Rawsome foods in Venice, CA. The purpose of the discussion is to identify the differences and similarities between the two forms of liberalism based on a modern concept. Haidt’s perception of liberalism Considering Haidt’s talk in the video clip ‘TED Talk on the moral roots of liberal and conservative politics (Haidt, 2008)’, it is evident that the talk contains a number of key issues. First, Haidt has cited the renowned psychologist Steve Pinker in arguing that the blank slate presents one of the worst psychological ideas ever brought forward. According to this perspective, it is quite clear that the human mind comes into limelight with a lot of organization prior to an experience. The claim holds true, despite the fact that such organization is largely plastic and prone to molding by the experience. This statement is quite agreeable in the modern philosophical context although Haidt does not provide a clear explanation of the term ‘experience’ (Haidt, 2008). In his presentation, Haidt has mentioned that both minimal-state and active-state liberals significantly demonstrate high degree of differences in openness to experience. In fact, this is considered as one of the five main personality traits in psychology. According to Haidt (2010), personality traits are perceived as being one of the factors that is almost exclusively determined by the genetic factors. In fact, Haidt argues from almost the same perspective as psychologists, McCrae and Costa. This argument is somewhat not agreeable in this context, as it appears to be an over-exaggeration of the role of genes in psychology. Although political traits run in families, such as in the Kenn
Amazon can be considered one of the most successful companies in the world, as its net worth approaches one trillion dollars. The corporation has been a member of the Fortune 500 for most of its existence, but the last ten years saw it rise meteorically to become a part of the daily lives of many people in a variety of countries and enter the top 10 of the prestigious list. The reason for the success lies in Amazon’s choice of business strategy and the effort dedicated to implementing corresponding policies. This paper investigates the implementation of new approaches by Amazon in the last ten years. Customer Service Promotion Dedication to the customers and their comfort and continued patronage is at the center of Amazon’s business strategy. Dudovskiy (2018) describes how the corporation operates with an extremely small profit margin and describes itself as the world’s most customer-centric company, attracting investors with prospects instead of high earnings. The effects of the implementation can be felt in the consumer response towards Amazon, which is now commonly considered the go-to marketplace in the United States for a variety of purchases due to its low prices and quick delivery. Furthermore, the company continues developing new approaches and strategies, such as Alexa and automated walk-in stores, to engage customers more closely and make interactions more convenient for them. Technology Focus Technological advancement is a significant part of Amazon’s continued success, as the company offers services for which competitors can often provide no alternatives. Singh (2018) notes various technological developments pioneered by the corporation that began appearing in 2012, including warehouse robots, drone delivery, Amazon Web Services, and others. Due to its technical focus, the company can identify promising trends and capitalize on them before competition reduces the returns for any late comers. The strategy is also how Amazon, a retailer, can compete with technological giants such as Google and Apple in areas such as artificial intelligence. In addition, the company has entered the market for video and music streaming, complete with exclusive movies and shows that received high praise. Improved Logistics A robust logistical network is essential for any large retailer, as long or unreliable delivery times can convince consumers to attempt using competing services. Amazon was aware of the issue when formulating its strategy and invested massive amounts of resources into reinforcing its delivery system. Singh (2018)
Introduction The analysis of ceramics is a crucial feature of prehistoric and historical archaeology. Ceramics were possibly the earliest synthetic materials that humanity made. Indeed, broken ceramic fragments are “the most common artifacts found at archaeological sites around the globe” (Bishop, Rands and Holley 279). Therefore, ceramics comprise the most common materials that the archaeologists study. Apart from their wealth and sturdiness, ceramics have multiple microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of interest to scientists. Visual characteristics such as size, surface decoration and shape are ordinarily used as archaeological and cultural signs. Moreover, microscopic characteristics like the texture of the temper and clay compositions are used to analyze the preparation methods. On the other hand, archaeologists use the chemical constituents of a ceramic to identify the origin of the ingredients used in its manufacture. The chemical composition of a ceramic also plays a significant role in determining the geographic displacement of the material. Further, archaeologists use the oxidation state of “iron-bearing ceramics to reconstruct firing conditions of the material” (Bishop, Rands and Holley 282). Through instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), archaeologists can come up with accurate information about a ceramic as well as the people that manufactured it. This paper will focus on instrumental neutron activation analysis as an archaeological method of analyzing ceramics. Besides, the paper will discuss how INAA is used to understand the past of the Olmec society. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis In spite of the numerous chemical methods that are used to analyze ceramics and clay, the instrumental neutron activation analysis is the most common technique. Other methods of analyzing ceramic materials include X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and mass spectrometry (MS) among others. The instrumental neutron activation analysis has numerous advantages over the other techniques (Bishop and Blackman 605). First, INAA is highly accurate and sensitive to diverse elements. Thus, it enables the archaeologists to analyze all the constituents of a ceramic fragment. Second, it is easy to prepare and analyze small samples using the INAA technique. Third, instrumental neutron activation analysis prevents chemical reaction between the primary constituents of a ceramic. Last, it is easy to measure multiple constituents of a ceramic at the same time. Instrumental neutron activation analysis mainly focuses on the characteristics of the nuclei of the constituents of a ceramic material. During collisions of a sample “with neutrons f
International trade is an important element for economic development of states. It has led to emergence of various regional trading blocs globally, due to divergence in natural resource endowment. It has also resulted in the emergence of common markets, which enables free movement of goods, services and other factors of production amongst members (Caribbean Trade Reference Centre, 2003). For effectiveness in the operation of trading blocs, various economic and trade policies need to be developed. For instance, the formulation of US economic and trade policy rests on the Department of Commerce. With such responsibilities, the department requires the collaboration of the various member states and regional blocs. Among the most important trading blocs is Mercosur —or Common Market of South America—, founded in 1991, which comprises Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The objective of its establishment was to foster political and economic development among the member states (Caribbean Trade Reference Centre 2003,1). There has been a significant growth in the economic operation of Mercosur, resulting in a more efficient global trade relationship between member states (Caribbean Trade Reference Centre 2003,1). This has lead to an increased economic counterweight to the United States trade policy. The US and European Union are the largest trade partners of Mercosur accounting approximately for 25% of its trade (Caribbean Trade Reference Centre, 2003). However, the original four member states –not counting the new member, Venezuela– account for just 2% of the total US trade (Caribbean Trade Reference Centre 2003, 2). The US Department of Commerce acts as an agent of the US Government, through which it formulates international trade policies. Through the Department of Commerce, the US Government has formulated energy policy aimed at ensuring sustainable energy supply. With this policy, the US will increase its energy importation from Mercosur’s member states. According to the US Department of Commerce, Mercosur member states have not been heavily hit by the financial crisis compared to its Asian counterparts, which are major petroleum producers (US Department of Commerce 2005, 1). This has made the Department of Commerce consider these states as potential business partners (Background on Mercosur: Mercosur Update 2003, 12). The US Department of Commerce has identified Venezuela as the main potential trading partner in relation to energy in the region, due to its high supply of petroleum and