ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, people live in the era where rapid changes, fast decisions, and unknown technologies can influence how people live, think, and develop their relationships. If one person is not always ready to understand his or her possibilities and outcomes of his or her decisions, it is hard to guess if a whole country is ready to take similar steps and achieve the required portion of success. Current technological, cultural, economic, and political changes predetermine a number of foreign policy issues and make them more complicated and unpredictable. Each country has its own peculiarities and demonstrates various approaches to prove its economic independence, international appropriateness, religious and cultural harmony, and human rights recognition. In this paper, Turkey’s foreign policy will be analyzed because it is one of those policies that has undergone considerable shifts during the last years because of its political and religious preferences. During the last centuries, Turkey was successful indeed in developing strong and effective international relations with its neighbors and many other countries around the world. Though the history of the relations between Turkey and the countries of the Gulf region is not too long, it influences the development of the foreign policies of both countries and their trade affairs. It is important to comprehend the nature of the future of the Turkish foreign policy and how the relations between the Gulf region and Turkey could be developed. Do the countries have a great potential to stabilize their cooperation? Or, could it be a complete failure in the foreign policies of both countries? Anyway, this type of relations has to be discussed due to the current international and domestic shifts, globalization, and personal attitudes. In fact, Turkey and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) relations have undergone considerable changes in the 21 st century and have opened a number of opportunities for both regions; still, the current challenges in the spheres of logistics, politics, and economy create certain limitations for Turkey and prove that both parties have to continue working in different directions. To answer these questions and prove the chosen argument, the paper will be divided into several logical parts to evaluate the current foreign policy of Turkey, to describe the peculiarities of the GCC, to investigate the relations between Turkey and the GCC, and to illustrate the strong and weak aspects of these relations. Evaluation of Turkey’s Foreign Policy The past decade was the period when Turkey was able to introduce itself as a regional power with a number of duties, obligations, and opportunities. In 2008, Turkey was one of the first countries that agreed to develop a new mechanism in the development of relations with the representatives of the GCC and strengthen it with the help of regular meetings at the ministerial levels (Dirioz, 2013). In fact, until that m
The United States of America is one of the most diverse countries in the world. White, Black, and Asian are the biggest ethnic groups in the United States (CIA par. 50). The differences between the ethnic groups can complicate communication among them. Sometimes, such diversity in the population can cause a cultural misunderstanding among the people. LeBaron argues that cultures can cause some conflicts sometimes, play a central role in them, or can influence conflicts negatively (9). Besides, LeBaron mentions that the “India-Pakistan conflicts over Kashmir are not just about territorial, boundary, and sovereignty issues, they are also about acknowledgment, representation, and legitimization of different identities and ways of living, being, and making meaning” (12). In the India and Pakistan case, there are only two ethnicities (not even three), and they could not come up with a solution to their problem (Office of the Historian par. 6). Clearly, conflicts may occur because of differences. Poverty has been one of the most complicated issues for all countries around the world. Poverty causes differ from one country to another. In the USA, the overall poverty rate is 13.5% or approx. 43.1 million people live in poverty (USCB par. 11). The question here is what are the possible causes of poverty in a country like the United States. PursueGod points out that the causes of poverty in the United States are “poor economy, lack of affordable housing, drug use, lack of education, and medical expenses” (par. 5, 6, 8, 9, 10). The poor economy has always been associated with unemployment. Many businesses in the US have moved their factories overseas in order to save money because they could spend less money on salaries outside the United States. Some people would blame those companies for exporting these jobs, but if they kept them, their business would suffer from the costs. Unemployment does not always affect only one person since it might spread to the entire family. The economy in the United States suffered from many ups and downs throughout its history. However, when there is a huge gap between wage earnings and housing costs in the United States, people cannot afford good homes. According to the National Low Income Housing Coalition, “families across the country would need to earn a “housing wage” of $15.37 an hour to afford a two-bedroom apartment at the average fair market rent” (par 1). Drug and alcohol addiction affects about 20% of the homeless population (PursueGod par. 3). Drugs can become so addictive that they start to control the life of the user. According to one of the sources, the fourth major cause of poverty in America is a lack of education (PursueGod par. 7). I was assigned to work
Introduction America has an obesity problem that much is certain, nearly 33% of adults within the U.S. are obese which represents a 60% increase over a 20 year period with the rate for child obesity not far behind at nearly triple what it was 30 years ago (Chappell, 2010). What these figures represent is nearly 300,000 deaths a year from obesity related illnesses and maladies, billions of dollars spent on health problems such as high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure etc (Obesity in America, 2006). It is a growing epidemic that is continuing to proliferate itself throughout the nation affecting not only adults but children as well. International popular culture representations of the U.S. have depicted an unflattering image of the U.S. population as being a culture for the morbidly obese with cartoonish representations often showing an obese man using a tiny scooter in order to line up at the nearest McDonald’s. Unfortunately this representation of the American people is closer to the truth than most people realize. Junk food is the primary contributor to the obesity problem in America due its convenience and prevalence which has resulted in the current obesity problem that Americans now face. The Age of the Junk Food Culture Junk food in the form of chips, dips, burgers, fries, sodas, candies and ice cream have become such a part of America’s culture that the most prevalent cultural distinction for American today is that of the “Junk Food” culture (Burner, n.d.). In nearly every town, city and state groceries, shopping malls and fast food restaurants carry some form of junk food that is rapidly consumed by a voracious public that enjoys the taste and convenience of such products. Unfortunately, this cultural distinction is actually slowly killing the American population due to resulting effects such food types have one the body. The recommended daily allowance of nutritional calories that a body should have in a single day as recommended by the American Medical Association is roughly 2,500 to 3,000 calories a day (Burner, n.d.). The problem with junk food is that due to their convenience and serving size most people aren’t away that on average they consume more than 3,000 calories a day from the various forms of junk food they eat (Menifield et al., 2008). An average adult male in the U.S. should consume only 65 grams of fat and 2,500 calories in a single day yet a burger and fries combo meal with a large coke available at the local McDonald’s is equivalent to more than 50 grams of fat and 1500 calories within a single sitting (Menifield et al.
Outline The presentation will begin with a detailed description of psychotropic medication and the possible risks related to its use during pregnancy. The research will offer a thorough review of the consequences of using psychotic medicines during pregnancy. The paper will then address the use of folic acid during the pregnancy period, which is an essential vitamin that prevents abnormalities. In this segment, the report will address the recommended doses and anticipated benefits of use. Furthermore, the paper will explore toxicity of folic acid and symptoms of the drug overdose. Additionally, the paper will review the impacts of folic overdose during pregnancy. A case study within this project will help elaborate on using folic acid supplements among women using psychotic medications. The findings of this study will help the researcher come to recommendations to improve the understanding of the relationship between the use of folic acid and psychotic medicines during pregnancy. Psychotropic Medication Psychotropic medications describe any drugs that affect the users’ behaviors, perceptions, moods, and thoughts. It is an umbrella for different medicines, including mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics, stimulants, and anti-anxiety agents. Psychotic drugs are vital tools in the society that helps promote wellbeing, since mental health and illnesses affect our daily livelihoods. These psychotic medications do not cure mental illnesses but rather help suppress the symptoms that might interfere with the therapy. Indeed, the drugs take the edge off and allow the patient to develop skills to cope with and better manage their mental health. Additionally, the psychotrophic medicines do not work instantly but take weeks before a patient experiences their full effect. Risks of Psychotropic Medication during Pregnancy Although the evidence on the risks of prescribing psychotropic medications remains limited, studies have linked exposure to antidepressants during pregnancy to malformations and long-term developmental outcomes. The drugs also cause neonat
Introduction In 2015, it was estimated that within five years international trade of liquefied natural gas (LNG) would grow more than two times (Carpenter 107). The increase in demand for natural gas is justified by the acknowledgment of advantages it demonstrates in terms of power generation, particularly from the environmental perspective. A significant contribution to the development in this sphere is expected from floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) technologies. FLNG is a principally different way of LNG production, storage, and delivery. It will create a system and an infrastructure, where many activities associated with the natural gas production chain will be performed in the field. The entire process from extracting natural gas to delivering it to the market will be modified by the FLNG model, which makes FLNG a game-changer in the industry. Floating liquefied natural gas First of all, the FLNG technologies expand the availability of many gas pools around the world, the access to which has been previously challenged. According to recent estimations, approximately half of all gas available for extraction on the planet is located out in the sea, at a depth of more than 200 m and a distance of more than 250 km from the nearest shore (Carpenter 107). Dealing with these pools is difficult and often unprofitable. Due to this, much effort has been dedicated within recent decades to finding new solutions that would allow bringing this gas of difficult access to the market. The FLNG technology became such a solution, as it allows producing, storing, and transferring LNG at sea (Boekhorst, Steenson, and van der Velde 1). Therefore, more gas fields can be developed. Second, the FLNG technology will significantly modify the industry because its introduction will require reconsidering and reconstructing many aspects of the existing
Radioactive materials today are used not only for military purposes but also in common home appliances. One example of a civil product which contains a radioactive element is a smoke detector. These products that help prevent fires and save lives contain americium-241 ( Americium in ionization smoke detectors, 2020). Particles of this material, when inhaled or absorbed through wounds, cause alpha radiation, which is not as dangerous as beta or gamma radiation (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2008). However, the U.S. law requires that any product which contains radioactive elements to be transported with adequate care. The two primary regulations in this regard are Packaging Requirements and Transporation of Hazardous Elements in Commerce, which are parts of Hazardous Materials Regulations. Packaging Requirements demand that radioactive elements are shipped in containers that isolate hazardous materials from the environment. Alpha particles americium-241 can travel only to short distances, and their power decreases quickly (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2008). Therefore, a sheet of paper is enough to contain the radiation emitted from smoke detectors. In other words, no special boxes are needed to transport items that have americium-241, and the execution stage of transportation can undergo as it is usual with other products. The preparation stage could be more complicated, however. The law requires that each product that has hazardous substances be managed according to Transport Controls (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2017). These requirements include the Transport Index (TI), dose rates limits, and contamination limits. Therefore, during the preparation stage, the carrier should be provided with information that tells how many pieces of the product can be contained in a closed storage space. To calculate this TI, the manufacturer should have firm control over the production process and be aware of exact numbers regarding the amount of americium-241 used in smoke detectors.
Hard infrastructure refers to the physical assets put up to support an economy and its enterprises. Transport network, energy production and distribution, telecommunications and water management are examples of hard infrastructure. Soft infrastructure refers to both physical and non-physical assets that are used to provide the public with specialized services. Examples include cultural attitudes, legal system and financial system (Niskanen 233). In terms of education and skilled labor Singapore has been able to set itself apart as an education hub in Asia (“Developing Asian Education Hubs”). Singapore has also consistently ranked in the top five in reading, science and mathematics globally. The country’s top two universities are ranked in the top 50 worldwide. Every year about one million graduates leave Indian technical colleges. The country has one of the highest numbers of technically skilled graduates in the world (Nandakumar Para 4). Technical know-how has made both countries attractive to foreign interested in setting up shop. The capital markets in India are ranked 17 th globally as regards their financial sophistication. The telecommunication sector is also the fastest growing in the world. According to a 2010 report Singapore was the fourth largest financial centre in the world. Forex, derivatives, stocks and lending have all played a major role in the growth of Singapore as a financial hub (City of London 8). Singapore also has high telecommunications connectivity. And just like in India’s case this is a source of competitive advantage. The Singapore Port is considered one of the most efficient and busiest in the world. On the other hand Mumbai, India’s largest port is marked by inefficiency. This is attributed to the poor transport network around the port plus poor operations management (“Mumbai Port Profile”). In terms of governance infrastructure India has struggled with issues of corruption, terrorism and religious unrest. India has continued to rank poorly in the Corruption Perception Index by Transparency International. Corruption increases bureaucracy, complicates taxes and makes it a challenging place to do business. Singapore has one of the lowest corruption levels in the world. Low corruption, political stability among other factors are why Singapore continues to top in the World Bank’s ranking of favorable places to do business. In the 2012 report India was ranked poorly at 132 nd (“Doing Business Rankings”). Despite the issues discussed above, India has established itself as one of the BRIC Economies. This is a grouping of the major emerging economies in the world. However the country will have to tackle political, religious and social issues so that it’s soft and hard infrastructure can be as efficient and effective as Singapore’s. There is therefore need for increased and sustainable infrastructure investment in India. Works Cited City of London. Global Financial Centers . London: City of London, 2010. 8. Print. “Developing Asian Education Hubs.” EAHEP , 2013. Web. “Doing Business Rankings – World Bank Group.” Doing Business , 2013. Web. “Mumbai Port Profile.” Mumbai Port ,
Introduction UAE is a country that has been developing at a fast rate over the last few years thanks to incredible oil and gas reserves. One of the most significant aspects that should be considered is the number of expatriates. The concentration of foreign workers is the highest in this country (Suter 4). Malit and Youha state that “the UAE attracts both low and high-skilled migrants due to its economic attractiveness, relative political stability, and modern infrastructure” (par. 2). In other words, many individuals view it as a best possible option when considering the immigration. Statistics indicate that non-national population was steadily increasing from 2006 to 2008 from close to four million individuals to more than seven million and has been stable ever since (Hamza 85). The dissimilarity between the numbers of native citizens and expatriates may be viewed as an issue because it leads to numerous threats. Current Threats Social Threats It should be said that foreign workers often do not understand the conservative views of the population (Crabtree 585). Their behavior and ethical norms are dramatically different from those of native citizens, and it may be considered a vital threat to the culture (Alzaabi 36). The influence of foreigners may increase over the time, and it would have an enormous impact on traditions in the UAE. The primary religion in this country is Islam, and religious views of expatriates are often quite different and it leads to disagreements. The fact that immigrants may have a tremendous ability to control the political situation should also not be disregarded. Also, one of the major issues is that the number of foreigners grows disproportionally, and it may cause issues with national identity (Awad 45). There is also a tremendous disparity between the numbers of male and female immigrants. It is caused by the fact that foreign workers prefer jobs that require physical strength mostly. Economic Threats It is imperative to discuss the threat to the economy. A research shows that the overall productivity of workforce in the UAE was steadily reducing in 2008 compared to 2007 (Awad 38). It may be caused by numerous factors such as changes in wages and others. For example, the productivity in the construction sector is lower by 23,6% and lower by 23,5% in real estate sector (Awad 38). The first percentage is especially worrying because it is an essential industry for the countries that are still actively developing. The difference between the unskilled and skilled workers is dramatic, and it was 79,2% and 20,8% respectively in 2010
Peter Singer has written an essay, which has influenced a number of ethicists, psychology scholars, and philosophers. In his work, Singer (1972) discusses the relationship between morality, wealth, and humanitarian aid, all of which he ties together to present a simple, yet effective argument. The main point of the essay is to demonstrate how the inaction of those with power and money in the face of human suffering is purely immoral. Even if a rich person is in New York City and the one who needs resources or financial aid to survive lives in Africa, it does not reduce the wealthy man’s moral obligation to help. One of the author’s primary arguments is “if it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought, morally, to do it” (Singer 1972, 231). Extremely rich individuals have an enormous surplus of wealth that can be distributed to help others and save countless lives without taking much away from their own comfort or existing lifestyle. Thus, the main thesis of Singer’s essay is that society should not accept or try to justify affluent people’s disregard for human suffering, which inevitably leads to a lack of efforts to reduce it. There are various counterarguments that may stand in opposition to Singer’s points made in the essay. However, the most compelling and realistic counterargument is that the money the rich will distribute to poor parts of the world and even bad neighborhoods in developed countries will not necessarily save lives or even help. If one chooses to examine morality under the prism of consequentialism, then the only ethically correct thing the wealthy can do is ensure that their actions lead to the most positive outcome. In the majority of cases of donations, the money gets stolen, misplaced, or wasted due to corruption, mismanagement, or a lack of infrastructure in a certain part of the world. Poverty is a result of issues that span generations and cannot be resolved by throwing money at them. Therefore, it can be argued that Singer’s argument is essentially an oversimplification of possible solutions to global issues. Reference Singer, Peter. 1972. “Famine, Affluence, and Morality.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 1(3): 229-243. Web.