ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction When discussing revolutions and wars, people most often talk about those who held weapons in their hands and participated in the hostilities themselves, defending their homeland. Undoubtedly, such people deserve admiration and respect, but it is vital not to forget about those who fought for the rights of their fellow citizens by peaceful means. One of these people was Horace Greeley, who used his newspaper to support Americans and influence public opinion. The purpose of this paper is to describe the biography of Horace Greeley from birth to death and analyze his influence and significance to the U.S. Civil War era. Horace Greeley’s Biography Horace Greeley was a brilliant politician, reformer, and newspaper editor. He was born in 1811 in a farmer’s family in Amherst, New Hampshire (“Horace Greeley’s Biography”). All Greeley’s ancestors were peasants, New England natives, and descendants of the first settlers, and he knew from his childhood what poverty was (“Horace Greeley”). Many times, his family had to change their place of residence. In search of a better and wealthier life, like thousands of other farmers, the Greeley family moved to the West (Snay). From the age of seven, Horace used to help with the housework, only occasionally attending school (“Horace Greeley”). The lack of systematic education, however, did not stop him from wishing to become a journalist. Greely was a rather talented and determined young man ready for facing difficulties. At the age of fifteen, he started attending the printing house of the weekly newspaper Northern Spectator in East Poultney, Vermont, where he gained the necessary experience and knowledge (“Horace Greeley’s Biography”). After five years of study, in 1831, Horace left the village and moved to New York, where, in 1834, he finally became a founding editor of The New-Yorker (“Horace Greeley”). Probably, this very event may be considered the beginning of his brilliant career and dedicated service to his country. The new newspaper was a literary and political publication that attracted the attention of its readers. According to some sources, its circulation was nine thousand copies (“Horace Greeley”). As Greeley supported and defended the principles of the Whig party, Thurlow Weed, the Republican and Whig politician and the New York newspaper publisher, offered him financial support in exchange for co-operation in the upcoming state governor election (Graber 200). Horace agreed and, in 1838, began publishing another Jeffersonian newspaper, which earned him the support of the Whig leaders, but his financial state was far from brilliant (“Horace Greeley”). In 1837-1838,
Background Riverbank Credit is a microfinance institution in Kenya that began in 2005 as a self-help group. At that time it was known as Riverbank Crescent Self Help Group. It had a membership of seven who loaned money to each other based on trust, character and type of business one operated. However, as it continued to grow and the demand for its loans increased, the company was forced to initiate new strategies in order to transform itself to cope with the growing market. The market had new entrants and competition had increased, hence the need for innovation. The business had also grown; hence issuing loans based on trust was no longer effective. The business was registered in February 2009 as a Savings and Credit Society Limited by guarantee (Riverbank savings and Credit LTD SACCO, n.d). Methodology The company reviewed its loaning system, saving system as well as its marketing operations. It also reviewed its organizational structure and the authorities and responsibilities in each level of management. A market survey was done to find the views of the customers on how the organization could improve its services. Based on findings of the reviews done as well as the findings of the market research, the company initiated changes. It wanted to transform its structure, whereby at that time was being run by two people; the CEO and the operations manger who shared duties which were not clearly defined. The management was to introduce functional heads, whereby each would have clearly defined responsibilities and authority. The company was to introduce information technology in its operations which included; development and marketing of its products, management of customer accounts and company records as will as in recruitment of employees (Pickup, 2008 & Riverbank savings and Credit LTD SACCO, n.d). Objectives First, the company wanted to develop quality products that would give it a competitive edge over its competitors. This was to be done by developing a variety of loan and savings products as well as ancillary services that met the specific needs of the market. Secondly, it wanted to expand its market share by venturing into new markets. It planned to achieve this through effective market strategies and aggressive marketing activities. Thirdly, it wanted to attain effectiveness and efficiency in its operations. This was to be achieved by employing technological changes in the operations of the company (Harmon, 2007). Riverbank business transformation process A review on the business operations revealed how inefficient the operations of the business were. The market survey done had the following findings: First, the company’s products were not meeting the specific needs of the customers. Secondly, the company had a potential market in the unbanked sector, which mostly comprised of people operating small and m
Introduction Over the years, the groceries market has encountered significant changes. These changes have greatly affected the relationship that exists between grocery stores and their suppliers. Today, owners of grocery stores have significant influence on suppliers (Boone & Kurtz 2010). Globalisation and improvement in technology has helped grocery stores to come up with novel management strategies. These strategies enable retailers to stock and manage their stores efficiently. Besides, stores like Wal-Mart have come up with strong brands thus weakening the suppliers’ brands (Boone & Kurtz 2010). As the groceries market expands, novel ethical issues continue to emerge in the process. Retailers in this market are continuously abdicating the call to conduct honest businesses. On the other hand, grocery stores are not keeping abreast with the demand for environment conservation. Globalisation has facilitated the emergence of human rights as a parameter for determining if an organisation is operating ethically. As grocery stores seek to be sustainable and achieve ethical standards, they are gradually shifting some of the responsibilities to suppliers. This paper aims at looking at the ethical issues surrounding Wal-Mart stores. Relationship with Suppliers Today, Wal-Mart stores enjoy strong buyer power and this power gives the stores significant control over their suppliers. Wal-Mart stores could not have such immense influence on suppliers if there were a sound equilibrium of bargaining power between the parties. The most affected suppliers are those that supply agricultural products. The supply side encounters great fragmentation (Biong 2007). Consequently, it weakens the suppliers’ bargaining power leaving the Wal-Mart stores at a better position to control the suppliers. Besides the fragmentation, Wal-Mart stores enjoy buyer power since they also have retailer power. With time, Wal-Mart stores are dominating the food products market. In most of the developed economies, grocery stores sell food products. In the United States, Wal-Mart stores dominate the food market. Hence, the stores have significant influence in the food market since they have a wide consumer base. Being the biggest stores in the market, Wal-Mart stores have significant influence on their suppliers (Biong 2007). In an environment where suppliers do not have a pool of buyers to select from, the existing buyers end up exploiting them. The buyers take the advantage of being the only alternative for suppliers to influence the selling price the suppliers set for their products (Burch 2007). In groceries market, some suppliers offer perishable products. This implies that they require getting the buyers as fast as possible to avoid losing their products. In a majority of the countries, there are a limited number of grocery stores, which stand between suppliers and the numerous consumers (Burch 2007). Consequently, suppliers are forced to comply with the demands the suppliers present, and which in most cases, end up affecting their profit margin. The current imbalance of bargaining power between suppliers and Wal-Mart stores promotes an abusive buying culture, in the
Brief Synopsis of the Issue The purpose of this paper is to determine the most appropriate strategies that Pizza Express can use to enter the Nigerian market. The emerging technologies have turned the world into a small global village, and firms are struggling to expand their market share by finding new international markets. In this study, Porter’s Diamond model will be used to conduct an evaluation of the Nigerian hospitality industry in order to determine some of the benefits, associated risks and costs of operating in this country. This information will provide a basis of coming up with an appropriate market entry strategy that can be effective enough for this firm to enter the Nigerian market. As Schlosser (2012, p. 67) notes, the strategy chosen should always be cost effective, less risky, and able to yield maximum output. The aim is to find a strategy that will cost this firm a less amount of initial capital investment, but able to yield the value that this firm desires in its globalization strategies. Given the fact that Nigeria is one of the emerging markets, a direct market entry would be the most appropriate strategy for this firm. The competition in the market is not very stiff, and this makes it more advisable for this firm to make a direct entry in order to wholly control its operations in this country. Recommendations In order to succeed in this foreign market, Pizza Express needs to observe the following recommendations.   * The marketing management should start by conducting an extensive research in order to understand tastes and preferences of the local market in Nigeria (Smith 2006, p. 89).   * The menu that Pizza Express plans to use in the Nigerian market should reflect the main local dishes in the country.   * The market entry strategy should be based upon a comprehensive research in order to maximize on the value generated from the process.   * The management of this firm should consider employing the host country national who understands the market dynamics in the Nigerian market (Jakle & Sculle 2002, p. 34). Background Pizza Express is one of the most successful restaurants in the United Kingdom. Started by Peter Boizot in 1965, this restaurant has experienced massive growth over the years, and currently operates over 400 restaurants within the United Kingdom (Scherer 2010, p. 45). This firm has also been very successful in the European markets. Pizza Express also has a strong presence in India, Hong Kong, and the Middle East markets (Johansen 2012, p. 38). It has been making considerations on how to make entries into some of the emerging markets in Africa. Nigeria is one of the most attractive markets in Africa because of its large population and the rapidly expanding economy. Currently, it is ranked the highest African economy, surpassing South Africa and Egypt which have been in that top position for decades. The Nigerian economy is one of the emerging economies in the world (Sm
Introduction Firms today use e-learning for providing sales training to their staff. For providing sales training through E-learning latest technologies are being used. In the current scenario of the Fortune 500 Company, the company wants to launch version 1.0 of their new software application and the company’s main aim of the RFP is to train its sales force so that the sales team can generate business and customers are attracted to the company’s new product. There are a large number of e-learning software product development outsourcing firms that are offering very competitive price-friendly products to their customers. Product Description The web-based online examination system offered by the firm E- Zest is a product that can be used very effectively for the training of the sales personnel. The sales personnel can be provided adequate training using this product on how to increase the sales of the new software product (Version 1.0 of the new software application) that the company has produced. This is a very new e-learning technique which imparted through training can increase the sales ability of the salesmen and can increase the sales of the company in leaps and bounds. The amount of training provided using the Web-Based online examination software is huge. The Web-based online examination tool provides training to salespeople on how to identify the target market, how to capture the target market, online sales, and e- purchases, how to generate in-house and agency sales, etc. This product would be of immense benefit to any firm which wants to strengthen its sales team to increase sales. This product would serve as an educational tool and would even help new joiners to settle in jobs and to learn new techniques. Planned RFP Schedule Final date for the RFP reply After RFP release 100 days Rejoinder letter in submission to bid After RFP release 45 days RFP questions submission After RFP release 30 days Design review 45 days after contract award Installation review 90 days after contract award. Company Information Software companies in the USA construct various software for the customers for a variety of functions and for that subject appoint software persons or subcontract their software schemes to any of another state, where the similar software related product can be constructing in a cost-efficient method. Huge numerals of US-based software-related organizations are at present becoming the emergent software companies in U S A. The company name is the E-Zest and also the company E-Zest thinks that the communication am
Globalization provides various opportunities for people and industries. Companies can find the most effective employees while people have an opportunity to obtain a high-quality education, experience, and employment in all spheres and all parts of the world. The CMA Certification is one of the instruments to evaluate candidates’ qualifications and skills that comply with certain standards (Bryant & Bulloch, 2018). People who have this certificate can land a job in the most successful companies. However, it can be rather challenging to obtain the CMA Certificate. One of the key points concerning the CMA Certification and the experience qualifications requirement is its focus on managerial skills and competencies. The requirements are quite broad, and people employed in many areas can qualify (Bryant & Bulloch, 2018). Successful candidates for CMA Certificates are often involved in financial analysis, management consulting, management accounting and auditing in government, and systems analysis. Nevertheless, people who are only acquainted with some accounting principles in some general managerial positions in such spheres as human resources, engineering, marketing, and sales will not qualify. Importantly, the CMA Certification program is concerned with acknowledging experienced and skilled employees. Therefore, working experience requirements are essential for becoming a certified professional. Two-year full-time employment is the central requirement, but part-time employees can still apply if their employment is continuous and they have been working for at least four years (Bryant & Bulloch, 2018). The required working experience can be associated with different types of companies and sectors of economy. Employment in for-profit and non-profit organizations, public companies, and governmental agencies is appropriate (Bryant & Bulloch, 2018). However, employees of public accounting companies should have at least a three-year working experience. Part-time employees of these organizations should be working for six years. Working experience can be gained two years before taking the exam or within seven years after, which provides a broad array of opportunities for many people interested in the field. Another important aspect is the membership in the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), which can be regarded as a way to assess candidates’ working experience. The IMA membership provides countless opportunities as its members have access to valuable resources. More importantly, people become connected and are able to self-develop and gain more experience (Institute of Management Accountants, 2018a). Membership fees are affordable and customized to the needs of different categories of people. Students, new employees, and educators can benefit from joining the network (Institute of Management Accountants, 2
Introduction The word ethics can sometimes be hard to define. Primarily, under normal social conditions, everybody must behave in a manner likely to suggest ethics. Ethics is the moral uprightness of an individual exhibited through actions, habits, the way an individual handles others, and communication with societal members. Thus, ethics defines the character of a person and dictates personal behavior. Moreover, under ethical conditions, every individual should act in a manner suggesting justice to others. Nevertheless, this has never been the case for prisoners. Society views prisoners as criminals who do not deserve justice and fastidious treatment. Hence, in detainee camps or prisons, prisoners undergo unethical treatments and in the long run, some even die. The dilemma that exists in this scenario is whether to grant freedom to prisoners who have committed criminal offenses like murder, robbery with violence, drug trafficking, and even terroristic attacks. These people ought to have their human rights respected. On the other hand, out of their criminal acts, justice must triumph through the laid law. The paper examines the ethical dilemma associated with Guantanamo Bay-United States Prison, and the image created to both Americans and other world inhabitants. Further, the paper elucidates that, ethics is about choosing between ethical and non-ethical activities. (McCann, Roels, Stackhouse, Williams, 1995, p. 19). Ethical Dilemma in Guantanamo Bay Undeniably, United States soldiers have greatly contributed to the torture of detainees in Guantanamo Bay. This is a facility owned by the United States-based in Cuba. The story of the ethical dilemma dates back to when America decided to invade Iraq. Millions of Americans did not see the reason for attacking Iraq. However, President Bush had claimed to fight terrorism, after the September 11 attack. In front of Americans, there is a dilemma of ethics and war, converging together. The actions of United States soldiers towards Guantanamo detainees have elicited diverse views from the public on American liberties. Americans who believe in civil liberties question the soldiers’ abilities in handling volatile situations coupled with ethical dilemmas. Instead of committing atrocities, American soldiers ought to have considered moral imperatives in solving the problem. The larger American public entrusts the army to solve the existing conflicts ethically. Nevertheless, since ethical dilemmas are always difficult to meet, many people soldiers included, fall into non-ethical incentives. In Guantanamo Bay, it is the role of soldiers to ensure justice and protection of human rights. On the other hand, if these soldiers decide to abhor ethics, torture, genocide, and mayhem occur, like the one witnessed in Guantanamo Bay recently. Housing of Detainees Recently, President Obama ordered the closing down of Guantanamo Bay, views not received well by both the Americans and international community. The issue of contention is where to house these prisoners. May countries
Introduction The debate about whether to withhold the death penalty or not continues to occupy a relatively larger space in the contemporary society today (Regoli & Hewitt, 2008). The application of the death penalty has been in existence for many years. This practice gains insight from both biblical phases of the Old Testament and the Islamic Quran, which embraced the use of the death penalty in ensuring dispensation of justice. Stakeholders in both legal and social settings have leveled significant arguments relating to the use of the death penalty as a means of dispensing justice. Discussion The practice of applying the death penalty has existed since the biblical moment to date. Although the application of death punishment has received much opposition from the ardent believers of anti-death practices, this method remains the most feasible and efficacious approach in dispensing fairness. Although vivid studies have illustrated that the use of the death penalty does not yield conclusive results. Although critics of death penalty have highlighted issues of morality and the Biblical justification for anti-death, it is worth considering the effects and the impacts created after a murder. I strongly agree that putting an end to a life does not justify a solution in its self. However, to the directly affected people and family, it serves to comfort their souls after a great loss of one of their family member. Assume that an individual who killed one of your relatives is comfortably resting under the guise of life or long-term imprisonment. Their continual existence fails to offer comfort to the affected because they develop a feeling of neglect and injustice perpetrated by the government supposedly meant to propel justice and fairness today (Regoli & Hewitt, 2008). Arguing from the perspective of morality, it is worth noting that the inability of a system of justice to bring the murderer to fair judgment fails to demonstrate commitment to distributive justice. It is beneficial to the society to eliminate a life that fails to grand dignity to other lives within the society. The application of death penalty as a capital punishment for murder finds mention in the Bible in the book of Genesis. In Genesis 9:6 (King James Version), The Bible says that whosoever sheds the blood of a man, shall man shed his blood: for man is the image of God. This passage ratifies death penalty as a form of punishing a murderer because of killing a man made in the image of God. Therefor