ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Disadvantages of Remote Teaching As a result of the pandemic, around three-fourths of the biggest school regions settled on complete remote learning. A little over a fourth of all regions started the year with a combined in-class and remote teaching approach. The psychological well-being of the country’s teachers is compromised when the school setting is unstable. Many say their mental prosperity is endangered in manners that no one has ever experienced in history (Luthra, 2021). Educators have needed to switch to and from between face-to-face and web-based learning, frequently with a couple of days’ notice (Luthra, 2021). The social meaning of studying, as undergoing constant change in accordance with progress, makes outside interactions constrained and results in subjecting the abilities of the person to a biased social and political status. It is difficult to share emotions and comfort students in the new settings. There are many components in a web-based homeroom that could never truly compare with face-to-face classes. Online classes take away the teacher’s opportunity to learn about the personalities of students and their circumstances. The person who is to be taught is a social individual, and that society is a natural association of people. In the event that the administration removes the social factor from the young generation, a strong detachment from the reality of children is expected (Dewey, 1897). The school should address present life-life as genuine and indispensable to the child as that which they carry on at home, outdoors, or during sports activities (Dewey, 1897). Instruction that does not happen in ways that represent life is consistently an inefficient substitute for the veritable reality and will, in general, stifle. There are clashing reports about the impact of innovation that hinder studies and put both the teacher and students under stress (Kozol, 1981). Advantages of Remote Teaching Utilizing innovation can upgrade instructors’ work and permit them to do what was unfathomable before. A venture or issue-based methodology requires great efforts from an educator. In addition, there is evidence that most children do not encounter accomplishment in an academic setting (Murrow, 2017). For some children, the way that they can stay in bed somewhat later, take bathroom breaks on a case-by-case basis, and eat when they want has a positive effect on mental health and learning abilities. There are also studies that suggest remote adapting significantly helps auditory students (Murow, 2017). Correspondence, joint effort, and inventiveness are the abilities needed in the information-based enterprises of the future. The instructors are required to teach more than just the skill that might be necessary at work (Kozol, 1981). Technology provides teachers with new opportunities in education that promote the creativeness of students. It also helps to fill the gaps and missing information in some studies. It can improve instructors’ ex
Introduction In the 2005 Defense Base Realignment and Closure Act (BRAC) report to the President, the Secretary of Defense recommended the creation of a new DoD Media Activity that consolidated a number of military department media organizations with similar missions into a new organization. These organizations were:   * Army’s Soldier Magazine, Fort Belvoir, Virginia   * Naval Media Center, Anacostia Annex, District of Columbia   * Army Broadcasting-Soldier Radio/TV, Alexandria, Virginia   * Air Force News Agency-Army/Air Force Hometown News Service, San Antonio, Texas The Secretary’s recommendation also included co-locating American Forces Information Services (AFIS) with the new DoD Media Activity and the existing Defense Information School at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Furthermore, the Secretary’s recommendation met several important Department of Defense objectives with regard to future use of leased space, rationalizing the presence of DoD activities within the National Capitol Region (NCR), and enhanced security for DoD activities. The creation of a new DoD Media Activity, as the result of consolidating a number of entities with similar missions, promoted “jointness” and created opportunities for common support cost savings and operational synergy. The consolidation reduced the Department’s reliance on leased space by eliminating approximately 75,000 Usable Square Feet (USF) of leased administrative space. The location of the activity at Fort Meade, which is outside the boundaries of the NCR, provided a dispersion of DoD activities away from the dense concentration around Washington D.C. This, plus the immediate benefit of enhanced force protection afforded by Fort Meade provided compliance with force protection standards. In November 2005 the BRAC recommendations assumed the force of law and the Department was required to execute them by September 15, 2011. DoD Leadership formally began work in late in 2006 to design DMA’s new home at Fort Meade. In 2007, as DMA planning moved forward, executive leaders recognized that the BRAC recommendation had three shortfalls. First, it would result in two co-located organizations – the consolidated Military Service organizations and AFIS. Secondly, the similar Marine Corps functions were not included. Finally, the BRAC recommendations had no specific timeline of actions other than the September 2011 deadline. Subsequently, on September 24, 2007, the Deputy Secretary of Defense (DSD) issued the directive-type memorandum, “Establishment of the Defense Media Activity” to address these shortcomings. As a result, the Secretary of Defense formally
Poverty Indicators in Developing Countries The World Bank produced its first global poverty estimates for developing countries. These estimates are found in the world development report of 1990, which used house hold survey data for 22 countries (Ravallion, et al., 2001). By incorporating data collected during the last fifteen years, that database has expanded considerably and now it includes 440 surveys representing almost 100 developing countries (Jimenez, 2007). The commonly used ‘a dollar a day’ standard indicator for determining poverty rates at the household level was instituted in the 1990 report. Because this indicator failed to effectively capture the different economic situations of many poor countries, another yard stick for measuring poverty in poor countries was formulated. This standard is known as ‘purchasing power prices’ (PPPs). It was chosen by the World Bank for use in determining the poverty rates of poor countries. The most used Poverty indicators for developing countries includes according to world bank includes; percentage of poverty gap at national level, percentage of Poverty gap at rural level, ‘Poverty headcount ratio at 1.25 dollars a day (purchasing power prices) of the percentage population’, ‘Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty level of the percentage population, Poverty headcount ratio at rural poverty level of the percentage rural population and lastly poverty headcount ratio at urban poverty level of the percentage urban population. Types of Industries that Characterize Impoverished Countries Developed nations gain from their trade because they produce and export industrial commodities, whereas the poor countries specialize in primary goods production and lack enough commodities for export. Technological progress in the world seems to work to their disadvantage (Singer and Ansari, 2004). The essential difference between the rich and poor countries is not that they produce different types of commodities but the main difference between the two is that, the rich nations produce a different mix of goods and services while the poor countries produce a single mix of goods and services (Singer and Ansari, 2004). In many poor countries of the world, national income and productivity usually increase at a very insignificant rate. These two factors hinder poor countries from taking on new investments, increase their production rates and lower their imports (Soubbotina, 2004). Most poor countries are affected by political instability which hinders investors from investing in those countries.
Introduction In religion, the term ‘prophet’ refers to an individual who is perceived to possess divine power and serving as an intermediary by conveying knowledge from a supernatural entity to the people. Prophecy refers to the divine message that is passed by the prophets. Traditionally, “prophets were viewed as having a significant role in the community by bringing change through their messages and deeds” (Donner 124). Islam presents an array of unique beliefs and principles, which are reflected in the concept of prophethood, and they justify their moral existence. This paper will examine how the Islamic notion of prophethood assisted in the construction of the religious and historical legitimacy of Islam. However, this article will show that Muhammad is the most authentic conveyer of God’s message, which makes Islam superior to other religions. The notion of prophethood For a long time, the concept of prophethood in Islam has been part of the continuing religious discussions. Muhammad has been viewed as the last prophet and focus has been on studies to examine the revelatory sentiments of prophethood. In addition, studies have sought to understand how Islam views and understands the unique status of Muhammad’s divine mission. In the Islamic view, Muhammad’s prophetic mission is similar to the divine message with which God presented to all human prophets. According to Islam, Adam was the first prophet and Muhammad came as the last one (Donner 44). Muslims believe that a prophet’s credentials were fundamental considerations to joining prophethood. A prophet should be free of sin, trustworthy, unshakable, and wise. It is also believed that Muhammad received the divine teachings from God via Qur’anic revelations. Therefore, Muslims held the belief that the Qur’an offered the divine and eternal teachings of God as disclosed to Muhammad. These doctrines of the Qur’an provided a chronology of events to show Muhammad and his followers the true way to God as well as reveal to them the stories of earlier prophets to whom God had used to serve the same mission now entrusted to Muhammad (Charfi 31). The essence of prophethood According to the Islam traditions, human beings do not only understand the good and evil, but also the fact that they are bound to observe justice and show kindness to others (Donner 19). However, despite the rational intellect demonstrated by humankind, at certain times, it rejects doing what is good and end up doing what does not please God. Human beings are deluded by evil desires, and thus end up acting against God’s will. God used divine prophets to intervene and remind humanity about his covenants. No doubt the role of identifying good and evil deeds is upon human beings to learn by themselves. In the early times and even in the contemporary society, people ignored and forgot the will of God. When humankind started disobeying, God used His prophets to teach and remind humanity of the right path to righteousness. The pressure of hunger and desire subdues the moral deeds and delegates the guidance of the body to the feelings and emotions. However, through the prophets, God teaches humanity of His wi
Purpose of the article Understanding the factors that influence the relationship between the buyer and the seller is of great importance in developing and maintaining such a relationship. Previous research has identified these factors but the relative importance of the factors had not been determined empirically. The article reports the research by Powers and Reagan, where the factors that have overall importance to a buyer-seller relationship are determined and the most important factors at different stages of the relationship are also determined. Concepts employed in the research The buyer-seller relationship considered in the research is a long-term non-contractual relationship and the stages analyzed are partner selection, defining purpose, setting relationship boundaries, creating relationship value and relationship maintenance. Partner selection is the first stage in the relationship and it involves the firm becoming aware of potential partners and ultimately selecting the appropriate one. The defining purpose stage involves the parties defining the purpose of the relationship and clarifying their mutual goals. In the setting boundaries stage, the partners become increasing interdependent on each other’s resources and benefits. The next stage is creating relationship value where the competitive advantage of either one or more of the partners is i
Ghalib is an Indo-Persian poet that was writing in the Urdu language and became popular and influential in the XIX century. The lifestyle and conduct of Ghalib were inspiring people, saving faith and belief in their hearts during harsh times. The poem chosen for this assignment is “The “Godless” Lover.” The name of this work refers to the Islamic government dubbing Ghalib godless. Still, in many lines of the poet, one can find Koranic characters and reflections about the relationship between a human and the Creator. Ghalib, in this poem, emphasizes the meaning of God to his soul and puts special stress on the initial presence of God. All the people, according to Ghalib, are the result of creation that would not have mattered if they existed or not without God. It is especially evident in the following lines: When there was nothing, there was God If nothing had been, God would have been My very being has been my downfall If I hadn’t been, what would it have mattered? Various tones come across in the poem: negative and positive, and it might depend on the reader and his current condition. Ghalib states that God has always been there for a human, and even if there is no hope and it seems that the world has ended, God will be there to help each soul. The tone of the narrator depends on the perceptions of the reader, his experience, and his current state. The author of this paper tends to believe the poem’s tone is positive, and it reminds of eternal and unbreakable things a man can refer to. Even if the process of human creation would not have existed, a human would still have been united with God. Robert Bly expressed similar thoughts with the help of different words. He stated: “Our perception of ‘things’ as real doesn’t quite fit with the idea that they don’t actually exist. One Muslim belief se
Introduction Sleeping sickness is a disease prevalent in many African countries. It is caused by insects, tsetse flies, that are found mostly in still waters like lakes, swamps, and ponds. Recent findings of the World Health Organization prove the reduction of this disease transmission from 10,000 cases in 2009, 5,000 cases in 2014, and 2184 cases in 2016 (Moloo, 2017). This report will focus on sleeping sickness, its transmission, and control measures. Sleeping Sickness Definition Sleeping sickness, scientifically referred to as African Trypanosomiasis, is an illness caused by a parasite termed Trypanosoma brucei . The disease is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and affects a large number of the population, especially since it often goes undetected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Despite the severity of the illness, there exist effective treatment approaches. Most of the cases of sleeping sickness are usually recorded in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, northern parts of Uganda, Sudan, Angola, Zambia, Uganda, Tanzania, and Malawi (Government of Canada, 2016). Its common symptoms include mood changes, fatigue, headache, and insomnia. In some cases, a skin rash may bother patients and serve as the reason to address for professional help. Transmission In terms of its transmission, infections occur when one is bitten by a tsetse fly that has been infected with the causal protozoan parasite. Notably, wild animals and domesticated cattle are the primary reservoir hosts of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense while the key reservoir host for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is humans (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). In both classifications of the disease, it manifests itself in two stages. In the initial stage, the infected individual will exhibit symptoms such as headache, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint and muscle pains. Later on, it escalates into the second stage if left untreated. This phase affects the spinal cord and brain and may include complications such as disturbances of sleep, extreme lethargy, and abnormal changes in personality. Control Measures Although there is no vaccine developed for African Trypanosomiasis, there are certain control measures that are effective in reducing the possibility of contracting the disease. The residents of the areas with a high prevalence of sleeping sickness are often aware of the regions with a high infestation of tsetse flies. Bushbucks are the main reservoirs for bacteria, and individuals need to clear bushes near their homes and use
Basinger’s Quotations In her analysis, Basinger actively refers to the original text, emphasizing the lines necessary for her position. At the same time, she mainly uses direct quotations, inserting whole blocks of descriptive quotations into her text. The size of these inserts differs depending on the length of the description but does not exceed a few lines, unlike references to works by other authors (Basinger, 2019). Such an approach is one of the most effective in this context and allows for proving the position taken by a literary analyst. To argue about how the author portrays the characters and their gender roles, it is necessary to conduct a deep analysis of the descriptions. In this case, paraphrasing cannot be used since it is necessary to refer to specific words. However, to facilitate the understanding of the text, she could give larger-scale quotations containing specific descriptions and the context of the situation. Suggested Quotations “She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue.” (Faulkner, 2019, p. 852). This quote is a continuation of one of the descriptions already used by Basinger. This passage refers to the same situation in which the new administration came to Miss Emily to ask her to pay her taxes. The connection between the position defended by Basinger and the quote lies in the way the author neutrally describes a woman: shapeless, without any prominent male or female features. In addition, she appeared somewhat dead, which makes her gender role even more blurred and inaccurate. “We had long thought of them as a tableau, Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip” (Faulkner, 2019, p. 854). This quote reflects the symbolic perception of Miss Emily and her father by the city’s inhabitants. These words demonstrate the townspeople’s attitude and the image that they have of a relatively famous family. This piece of text can be used as an argument that, despite the lack of any evidence, the townspeople assigned Miss Emily a clear gender role of a woman standing in the shadow of a man. “Now and then, we would see her in one of the downstairs windows–she had evidently shut up the top floor of the house–like the carven torso of an idol in a niche, looking or not looking at us, we could never tell which” (Faulkner, 2019, p. 858). This fragment refers to the description of the last days of Miss Emily’s life and how she looked to the residents from the outside. This quote can be used to emphasize how detached from the human essence and, accordingly, the gender of Miss Emily is reflected by the author. The more she ages, the less Faulkner distinguishes her gender characteristics, despite all the prejudices of the townspeople.
Smoke Signals is a feature film that was directed, starred, and written by Native Americans in 1998. This is a humorous story about a journey of two young men, Victor Joseph who is seeking to forgive his father, and Thomas Builds-the-fire, from Coeur D’Alene reservation (Fielding 1). The two young men travel together and share experiences of what it implies to be an Indian. The director Chris Eyre made sure that each scene depicted aspects of Native American identity by the use of humor, narratives, and visions. Native American identity is represented by the differences between Victor and Thomas and the attempts of each to turn the other into an Indian. Therefore, this research shall seek to prove the presence of Native American identity in Smoke Signals . This analysis is important since most Western American movies do not present American Indians in a favorable light as they are usually represented as savages (Fielding 1). However, the desire of the director Chris Eyre and the scriptwriter Alexie was to tell the story of American Indians in Smoke Signals (Kilpatrick 229). For the movie, Indian identity is a central theme in each character and scene. The movie uses the main characters, Victor and Thomas’s builds-the-fire, to support this theme. Builds-the-fire is presented as a character dressed in a business suit, who is fond of reading and storytelling which is a nerdy look. Victor wants Builds-the-fire to reshape his views of the world for the Indian ones. However, Builds-the-fire prefers to stick to the old and more genuine Indian roots which he describes through his continuous stories of traditions, family values, and ancestors (Fielding 1). Therefore, Victor’s identity is more based on the present while Builds-the-fire’s identity is founded on Indian indigenous roots. This difference in identity is evident from a statement made by Victor about Builds-the-fire. From the screenplay, he says, ‘What?… Thomas you got to look like a warrior … second, you can’t be talking as much as you do. You got to have some mystery. You got to look like you have secrets, you know? Like you’re in a secret conversation with the earth or something … you just nod your head. See! That makes you look dangerous’ (61-62). From this section, it is evident that for Victor, Indian identity is reflected in physical looks, and therefore, by his standards, Builds-the-fire is not Indian enough. However, Builds-the-fire makes use of his stories about Indian heritage and visions to teach Victor how to be Indian. Builds-the-fire asks Victor to listen to his stories to gain knowledge and assist him in acquiring an Indian identity (Fielding 1). This approach to achieving identity presents an important theme for this movie. By listening to Builds-the-fire’s narrations, we learn about American Indian culture. Smoke Signals teaches a valued lesson that concerns civilized cultures (Kil