ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Among the best ever produced documentary movie is the “The Gate of Heaven Peace”, which demonstrates a split that existed in the student union, during their struggle for democracy in the then conservative society. Chai Ling, who is the overall student leader, suggests the clarifying upheavals and shocks through violence would be a lasting healing to the Chinese society members who were blind. The movie is loosely based on a real life story the infamous and bloody Chinese democracy movement in 1989. The documentary is rich in complexity, clarity, and cultural identity of the Chinese culture. Thus, this analytical treatise presents a comprehensive review of the film, “The Gate of Heavenly Peace”. The review focuses on the historical focus, plot, and characters in the context of historical and social background. Comprehensive review The film is based in the conservative culture of the Chinese. The Tiananmen Square is presented as having a symbolic meaning to the desires and the demand of various students who felt pressed by the restrictive government policies on its citizens. At the time of the actual events such as protests depicted in the film, the Chinese society had restrictive rules on freedom of speech, association, and the government had the power to make decisions without consulting the public. The images of dissatisfaction were filtered to inspire the students to participate in the unrest. The film is politically motivated, and portrays a the political discrimination experience of the students together with their families, but eventually triumphs through the Tiananmen Square protests. As suggested in the actions of the moderate elements, the whole massacre might have been avoided since the extremist elements were determined to catalyze the blood bath. Since the extremists refused to abandon the square, the massacres led to death of very many Chinese. The director cleverly showed how the hardliners in the government misused the radical elements to cause havoc, but was quick to sympathize with the reformers. The film did not defend the brutality experienced at the time during the series of student protests, but sheds light on the inappropriate actions of the radicals. The theme of tradition and religion control the lives of characters as depicted in this era. Specifically, the Chinese religious culture is depicted as a unique and traditional society. The government and the radical students are portrayed as imperfect, genuine, viciously brutal, and semi thoughtless. Despite attempting to quantify historical events into context, the film has little in reversal aspect, but only passes the full blame to the students who had genuine grievances towards the government of the day. The movie commences with a student protest featuring antagonists and protagonists of tradition as both teams attempt to create a diversion. In addition, the less radical students are traditionally united group who appreciates peace, with strong family bonds and are desperate for opportunity of survival in the strife. The movie director juxtaposes the script by letting student protesters take seats at the square t
Introduction World trade organization can be analyzed from two perspectives. First of all, it is considered as a way of negotiating the trade dispute or as a way of opening trade. Governments, the participants of the world trade organization, use this avenue to settle trading disputes between member countries using the rules that were established among them and signed to all of them. The organization was established after negotiations had been held and agreement had been signed. Thus, all actions taken by an organization are guided by the rules provided in the agreement and negotiations among the major countries. Its current operations are largely guided by the agreements of the 1986-1984 in Uruguay and the other rules that guided General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) which the WTO replaced. WTO is the product of the new agreements inaugurated in the year 2001 through the “Doha Development Agenda”. The WTO negotiations helped countries that faced trade barriers to operate in open market environments. At times, the rules also support trade barriers to block out non member countries, as well as protect consumers. This helps control the spread of unethical rules and procedures. The success of the organization is a result of the agreement signed by over 27 countries trading together. The organization ensures free trade among the operating countries through regulation of the international trade and it has succeeded in meeting its objectives as it will be described in this paper (Haerens 2010). Before WTO was introduced, GATT had been operating between 1947 and 1986, the period within which it made several achievements. Its last achievement in 1974 was a successful agreement regarding international trade in textiles, it rebranded the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA) and it came into operation. It was formed to control the growth of exports in textile and clothing strictly at 6% per year. Several negotiations took place in 1977 and 1982 with an extension in 1986 and 1991 and lastly in 1992 which led to the sister organization the WTO. In 1986, World Trade Organization was brought into inception during the Uruguay Launch in the city of Punta del Este. The final law which established the WTO was signed by the member countries in April 1994 to round up the outcomes of the Uruguay round. On January 1 st , it entered into full operation, after successfully operating for 4 years a new round was signed in Seattle but failed in the ministerial meeting. As a result, a new round of talks was scheduled for Doha, Qatar branded the Doha Development Agenda. Each of the results of the meetings resulted into rules and procedures geared to support international trade. It was agreed and signed that there was a minimum which each country could inject into the world trade. Developing countries are set for quotas given their 2/3 share in the quota. The contracts signed bind member countries to adhere and keep the policies agreed upon and follow them to the limits prescribed. The main objective to be achieved by the rule regula
Thesis Statement This paper will review the ideas of other authors on multitasking when using given technological devices. It will be based on observations drawn from how people try to switch from different technological devices either to keep in touch with peers, listen to music or follow certain programs on TV. Due to changes in lifestyles and technological innovation, present day life calls for the ability to handle more than one activity at the same time in order to accomplish more tasks within the same time. Lack of this ability could make people fall behind. This paper establishes that it is easier to multitask when using given devices than when using others. Multitasking e.g. speaking on phone while crossing or driving has been linked to many traffic accidents; a person talking on phone may engage his or her mind fully to the conversation and forget all about the oncoming motorists (Goodall et al, 2009). Therefore, understanding what devices to use and how it affects other operations is very important. Why People Multi-task There are two basic reasons why people multitask. For instance, individuals multitask because what they are currently doing is not interesting any more or because they expect new information from the other channels. Ophir et al (2009, p.5) suggests that this behavior is more prominent among young people and attributes it to “attraction to new information.” A few older people who multi-task are in the habit because of the urge to switch between old information and new information. This habit, it’s argued, is slowly causing people to develop dependency to machines. Ophir et al (2009, p. 3) assert that the habit will make “people lose empathy as most of the time they are stuck to digital devices looking for information.” There are two opposing arguments about multitasking; one supports multi-tasking pointing out that the practice improves our social links (Goodall et al, 2009, p. 57). The second school of thought is opposed to multi-tasking based on the fact that it reduces direct human interaction. The instant messenger on the blackberry for example is thought to be an addictive practice that and may not allow one to multi task well. Dependence can also result from repeated use of other digital devices such as; ipads and Bluetooth (Goodall et al, 2009, p. 64). There is a craze to have the most modern communication technology gadget. However, considering the impact of the different gadgets on an individual, it is important to approach new gadgets more cautiously. When the internet became the new way of doing things, many people jumped at becoming e-savvy. However, Wilkinson (2008, p. 23) shows the bad impact of new innovation has on personal life and interpersonal relationships. Wilkinson (2008) points out that on the onset of internet, some me
Introduction One of the most famous eras in the Chinese history, the epoch of Han Dynasty rule definitely deserves being considered closer, for it was a true cultural breakthrough in the development of the Chinese nation. Not only did the Chinese people achieve impressive results in developing their agriculture and expanding further into the Asian territory, but also introduced completely new idea of afterlife into their realm, therefore, shaping people’s vision of the world greatly. Naturally, such fields as science, economy, and art were taken to a new level where new means of cultural and economical analysis could be sought. As a result, a number of unique artworks was created on the given time slot. To embrace every single discovery that was made in the Han era and analyze the artifacts that allow considering the value of the given discovery is practically impossible; however, by choosing some of the most outstanding artifacts, one can possibly dive into the history of China. Though seemingly minor artifacts, the burial models known as the Farm shed with grain mill (n. d.) and the Animal pen with figures (n. d.) an be used to evaluate the progress that the Han Dynasty contributed to, as well as define the tracks of the principles that will become the pillars of the modern Chinese culture later on. The Exhibit and Artifacts Before going any further, a few words must be said about the place that allows for analyzing the artifacts in question. A courtesy of the Art Institute of Chicago, the given artifact, unfortunately, is not featured in any exhibition at present and can only be viewed in the Gallery 133, which is devoted to the Ancient Chinese art and culture. The same can be said about the second artwork that is going to be analyzed in the given paper as an element of the Han Dynasty culture. It is not represented in a specific exhibition yet, and is only available in a corresponding gallery (Gallery 207). The collection in which the given artifact is located is also titled as Asian Art. The fact that the given art objects are not featur
Introduction Public relation involves the management of information between an individual or an organisation and the larger public. The process of handling this information may affect the target audience depending on how it is carried out. The parties involved in the undertaking can be referred to as stakeholders. They include the communicator, the channel of communication, and the audience or recipient of the information. The word ‘stakeholder’ in an organisation refers to a person or party who is interested in something pertaining to the firm. The individuals play a crucial role in the well-being of an organisation. Employees, clients, and suppliers are examples of stakeholders. According to Fill (2002, p. 235), it is important for an organisation to identify and understand its stakeholders. The move helps to determine where power lies in the matrix of the firm. In turn, this impacts on strategies at various levels of the focus organisation (Fill 2002, p. 235). A critical look at this statement reveals that Fill’s claim is factual. It is true that stakeholders play a crucial role in the operations of a contemporary organisation. In this paper, the author will critically evaluate this statement from the perspective of motivation, communication, classical organisation, and human relations theories. The Power and Influence of Stakeholders in a Modern Organisation Identifying Stakeholders In many organisations, most decisions are made by the management team. At times, the administrators fail to take into consideration the impacts of their decisions on various stakeholders. Implementation of these decisions and policies affects stakeholders, customers, suppliers, and other parties in various ways. A negative reaction on the part of these stakeholders may disrupt the activities of the organisation (Fill 2002, p. 236). According to Fill, it is important to understand these parties and their needs. They are the ones who determine the location and distribution of power in the organisation. They inform who holds power and influence and how they use it. It is also important to note that understanding these individuals affects the formulation and implementation of strategies at different levels of the organisation. In addition, it impacts on the impacts of these decisions on the firm (Fill 2002, p. 233). Organisations are formed to achieve varying objectives for the owners. They have a set goal that they have to fulfil within a specified period of time. To achieve these objectives, the firm can adopt different strategies. As stated by Fill (2002, p. 235), understanding stakeholders is a strength that helps the entity to come up with the strategies needed to overse
The management of this organization has encouraged its employees to work from home as a way of minimizing the spread of virus based on the guidance provided by the government. The firm has taken a unique approach of managing risks to those who are working from home. One of the strategies that the company uses is to maintain regular updates on ways in which these people can remain safe even when they are working from home. As the health and safety adviser in the organization, I have conducted a wide research on ways in which workers of this insurance firm can remain safe. These employees have been advised to maintain hand hygiene by regularly washing their hands or using sanitizers, especially when they have left their houses. They have been advised to reduce contacts with non-family members unless it is unavoidable. The organization also advises its employees to facemasks at all times when they are leaving their homes. The company has also made sure that occupational health and safety standards are not ignored by its employees who work remotely from home. Before they were instructed to work from home, all employees were advised on how to set up workstations that were safe and ideal for their work. The standard arrangement of the home workstation was not only meant to improve their performance but also to ensure that they are safe, as explained in the case. The approach of using a comprehensive system of risk management has made sure that all workers of this company to not face any major risks while they are at work as demonstrated in the case. Communicating Health and Safety Communication is critical in enhancing health and safety of employees during this unique period of the pandemic. Based on the scenario given, it is evident that the management is using communication as a way of effectively empowering its employees. One example of how the organization is using communication to influence health and safety culture is through weekly videoconferencing meetings where the management explains milestones made in fighting the virus. Employees are encouraged to discuss challenges that they face working from home and maintaining standard practices set to help fight the virus. These consultative forums constantly reminds employees of the significance of embracing a culture that will protect their health when they resume working at the company’s offices. As shown in the scenario, through videoconferencing, employees can also give their insights on how to fight the virus.
Looking at the United States of America from the ethnical point of view it is impossible to avoid the fact that this country is inhabited by different peoples. Considering the history of the USA it is possible to come across some policies which were aimed at assimilating those peoples to the American standards and beliefs. Looking at modern America and people who live there it is possible to conclude that the process of assimilation of Indian tribes was not really successful. The problem of racial discrimination was a real disaster for the country, but due to the laws, norms, and punishments for those who continued to discriminate other nationalities the problem was eliminated. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the policies “Civilizing”, “Boarding schools”, “Dawes Act”, and “Indian Reorganization Act”, to consider how they directly or indirectly supported the goal of assimilation, and state why assimilation did not work despite all those attempts. To consider the problem properly, the four policies and acts should be discussed in detail. “Dawes Act” aimed to make Americans recognize Indian tribes as the citizens of the country. The main idea of this act was to ruin the reservations Indians lived in and assimilate those to the Americans. The methods the government used were not effective. The Congress stated in their act from 1887 that all Indian tribes in reservations had to be given lands for farming. The act predicted that Indians would use those lands for farming and in some years they would be ‘Americanized’. The main failure of the act was that Indians were neither given equipment for farming nor they were taught to farm. The idea was left unrealized (“Dawes Act”). The “Indian Reorganization Act” from 1934 was more successful as it returned Indians some rules and rights to use their lands according to their will. Still, the US government obliged tribes to be accounted for their political actions. This act made it impossible for Indian tries to remain independent from the political point of view. Furthermore, the act prohibited Indians to sell their lands to others. Considering this act from the point of view of the assimilation of Indians to Americans, it was not really successful. Indians remained to live in their reservations and used their lands as they wanted. No one made them use the rules of conduct the Americans did. Only political sphere was restricted, but nothing was imposed in reality (“The Indian Reorganization Act”). Considering the “Civilization” policy, it is possible to state that this attempt to assimilate Indians to American citizens was the most reasonable. The main idea of that policy was to make Indians give up their hunting customs and become more civilized. They had to learn to read and write in English, they had to wear common for Americans clothes, they also had to become Christians and use farming as the main source for living. Moreover, Indians had to become republicans and learn to think as Americans did. Those who refused to follow the “Civilization” policy were told that they were
Introduction The book title is “Behind the Label: Inequality in the Los Angeles Apparel Industry.” The authors are Bonacich, E., and Appelbaum. Publication information: University of California Press, 2000, 414 pages. The book is an elaboration of the Los Angeles clothing trade showing the levels of inequalities prevailing in the business. It has ten chapters divided into three parts, with the first part encapsulating manufacturers, offshore production, retailers, and the power elite. The second part details labor in terms of contractors, workers, and the distribution of wealth. The last part entails fighting back stipulating the government enforcement and retention efforts, worker empowerment, and the Anti sweatshop movement. The authors review the business of sweatshops in the United States. In this regard, Bonacich and Appelbaum (2000) define the importance of the spread of capitalism with respect to globalization and trade flow shifts showing that it is the influx-efflux mechanics that have culminated in the increase and diversification of sweatshops in the US and globally. As opposed to the worldview of people relating to the Asian and Latin Americans’ fashion industries, the book unearths the copious sweatshop destinations situated along the US border with Mexico. The book is available online, and it can be accessed by students and/or other people interested in reading it. Literature Review of Similar Cases Many scholars and organizations trying to avert the socioeconomic vice have put the American economy and American inequality in the spotlight. According to Gordon (2014), the dimension of inequality in America is stipulated with respect to the explanatory factors. The first case entails a political explanation detailing the root of inequality in America, with labor relations being placed at the forefront. Issues relating to minimum wage, social policy, and job-based benefits have been elucidated by Gordon (2014), who also showed the connection between inequality and financialization and macroeconomic policies in the American economy. Gordon asserts that wage inequality stems from the policies designed to outline the American labor market. On March 15, 2014, residents in Seattle flocked the streets in order to fight for the m