ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Choral Music. Choral music is written for a particular group of people to sing. Therefore, a choir of six to three hundred and sixty singers sings the music. This kind of music is commonly practiced in schools and by church choirs and has special arrangements of voices to enhance its quality. One singer singing the verse as the other members of the choir sing the chorus can at times perform choral music. It can also be performed in a manner that a group of singers with similar voices sings one verse as the others with same voices also sing the following verse. This uniqueness in choral music of combining various voices in multiple lines of music increases the power of music hence improving the quality of music (Hughes 49). Choral music is one of the various categories of music that have developed since the medieval time to the contemporary period as many singers developed interest towards it, which made them try to improve it. During the medieval period, choirs could perform choral music in one version only where the soloist could sing the verses as the other members sang the chorus in unison. During the 14th and 15th century which is referred to as the renaissance period, choral music underwent through developments and could be performed by four types of voices (Crane 54). In the late 20th and 21st century, many musicians have tried various experiments on the choral music, which has led to the development of choral music as it is being performed in the present time. Due to the introduction of tone and modern harmony in the field of music, musicians of the choral music are able to apply the four types of voices, which are soprano, alto, tenor and bass. Choral music has also borrowed ideas from other categories of music like the classical concerts to come up with cantata type of choral music where singers act as they sing along (Hughes 67). Choral musicians pass their culture to the following generations since they compose their choral music based on their culture. For instance, when staging their choral music, they use traditional costumes and instruments. Analysis of choral music involves discussion of various parts. These include parts of choral music, voices involved, categories of choral music and performers of the choral music (Mathiesen 56). Parts. Choral music can have two or more parts. When a musician composes a choral music, he or she ensures that the song to be performed has at least two parts of equal importance. The parts should therefore stand out independently but should agree on stage. Voices. Choral music is largely performed in four voices: soprano, tenor, alto and bass. When a musician writes a choral song he has to ensure that the four voices are well represented in the keynote and tonal variation (Daugherty 1). Types. Choral verse has various sub categories. They include anthem, cappella, cantata, motet and oratorio. Anthem
Patent law allows organizations to patent individual products and ideas, allowing them to document their rights to control and own the patented material or solution. There are five requirements for a patent-pending product (QG, 2020). First, such a product must be patentable, which means it cannot be an artistic creation, a mathematical model, or a theory. Second, it must be new and not a copy of existing inventions. Third, the product must be inventive and not apparent to a qualified person. Fourth, the innovation must be helpful, and fifth, the product must not have been used before filing for a patent. It is also known that neither laws of nature, nor natural phenomena, nor products of natural origin are patentable. Based on this, it is clear that Myriad could not have patented the isolated human genes because it is not a product of intellectual activity but is a product of natural origin (Cartwright-Smith, 2014). Another explanation could be that life is not sufficiently inventive and, therefore, not patentable. In other words, companies cannot patent life, whether they obtain hybrid forms, GMOs, or cloning. This includes no matter what kind of life form it is, whether it is a plant, cells, genes, animal, or hybrid. However, it is worth saying that the modification procedures and techniques themselves can be (and are) patented, as it reflects the results of intellectual activity, and is characterized by ingenuity and non-obviousness. Current U.S. legal ethics prohibit any patenting of life as such, but not of ways to obtain that life (Goldman, 2018). For example, Dolly the sheep as a life form has not been patented, but the method of transferring a somatic cell nucleus to obtain that sheep has been patented. Hence, this is the boundary of the legal field: while life under U.S. law cannot become products of the invention, any method of obtaining that life or creating an artificial copy of it, as in the case of Myriad, can be patentable.
It is vital to note that sales and operation planning play a critical role in the effective operation of any business organization. Sales and operations planning require adequate integration and alignment in order to avert the escalation of minor challenges in an organization. Hence, corporate performance largely depends on the proper integration of sales and operation planning. In the absence of enhanced sales and operation planning, a lot of valuable resources and time may easily go to waste. Financial and time resources should be catered for in the most efficient manner since no organization can do without the two parameters (Chopra & Meindl, 2012). In addition, lack of a well defined sales and operation planning is a negative ingredient in the provision of quality customer services. There are substantial impacts of a poorly defined sales and operation planning. For example, poor utilization of resources, reduced fulfillment of orders, poor expedition, inadequate inter-plant transfers, overtime, short orders and excess inventory are some of the negative attributes that impact sales and operation planning (Chopra & Meindl, 2012). These factors hamper the bottom-line running of a business entity. In other words, the basic operations of a business are grossly affected if the sales and operation planning are not fully implemented (Wallace, 2004). Some of the bottom-line operations of a business organization include supply chain management, production, sales and marketing as well as value addition to sub-standard products. When sales and operation planning is poorly streamlined, it creates a reactive and noncompliance culture coupled with lack of discipline among employees. The latter is a
The profession of a teacher demands different skills and knowledge. The teacher should always be aware of the special needs of the children, the peculiarities of their character, memory, intelligence and other physical characteristics. Besides, the factor of home education also plays a crucial role in the work with kids. There are two ways how teachers can work effectively with parents of children with special needs. Communication is one of the basic means of working with parents and improving teachers’ productiveness and effectiveness in the process of education. Teachers should organize special discussions with the parents of the children with special needs. The discussions should contain different kinds of advices and hints about the ideas how to improve communication with a child. The hints should be made in delicate form as not to irritate the parent, who may regard the teacher’s advices as an arrogant intrusion into the family life. The teacher, however, should not hesitate providing accurate information and educate parents as well as their children. There are still the situations when the teacher misses the appropriate moment to talk to inform the parents about improper behavior or education of the child. When a situation rises to a serious conflict and hostility from the parent’s side, the only way to settle the situation is to remain calm. In case the parents are claiming the teacher in the low level of education, the teacher should show respect to the parents and listen carefully to the parents’ comments, give proper and adequate replies to each charge. To react in the same rude or ostentatious manner means to cloud atmosphere even more, and results in further harming of the situation. Although, if teacher puts oneself in a defensive position, which can lead to the activation of emotional responses, the parents accept it as arrogance and an attempt to provoke a serious conflict. However, a calm appearance and the readiness for serious and calm discussion may result in the simple way out of the situation. Furthermore, the teacher should develop his/her success in the calm acknowledgement and acceptance of a claimer’s anger and partially agree with the charges. Besides, the teacher should realize that spark of parent’s anger is not always sig
Customer expectations denote the convictions regarding service providers that act as principles or reference points used to rate performance. Since clients compare their performance or insights with the standards while assessing the excellence of service, comprehensive knowledge of customer expectations is vital for enhanced success (Fay & Lee, 2015). Understanding the anticipations of customers should be the first and perhaps the most crucial approach towards the delivery of quality service. The failure to understand the expectations of customers may result in a company making poor sales for not satisfying its clients. Moreover, such failure may lead to an organization spending its time, money, and other resources on practices that are not in line with the expectations of clients hence making it difficult to succeed in an aggressively competitive market. There are different aspects of customer expectations that leaders should explore to guarantee successful marketing (Calabrese, Costa, & Rosati, 2016). Such factors include the desired standards that consumers hold, the facets that influence the creation of customer’s anticipations, and the best means of meeting or exceeding the expectations of clients. Meaning and Types of Expectations The degree of customer expectations may differ broadly with respect to the reference standards that the client holds. Though every leader has an instinctive sense of the anticipations of customers, professional marketers should seek a clearer and more comprehensive meaning of expectations to understand, assess, and manage them excellently (Saeidi, Sofian, Saeidi, Saeidi, & Saaeidi, 2015). Customer expectations are based on what they desire from the services or goods for which they are paying. Most successful leaders ought to strive to satisfy or surpass customer expectations through first-rate services or goods. Once a company understands the expectations of its customers, they should become entrenched in its marketing approaches. Such expectations influence decision-making concerning the choice of products or services, which may be extremely hard to change. For instance, clients anticipate renowned companies to offer high-quality products and services when compared to new or generic ones. Products from less known companies are not deliberated upon even when they are of higher quality than the ones from famous corporations. Virgin Trains is a company that experienced numerous challenges when attempting to advance the rail sector in the United Kingdom. The firm had the task of connecting cities and urban centers all over the country with more than 30 million passenger journeys per year. In this aspect, the company carried out a considerable rate of marketing study to dis
It is clear that personality is perhaps one of the most critical aspects that determine the efficacy of leaders in meeting the objectives of their organizations. According to the posting by Nelson, personality is critical since it forms the main platform upon which a leader can factor his/her professional approaches while giving full regard to external demands in the system. In nursing, personality becomes very critical bearing in mind that a leader has to balance policy demands within the administrative context, the demands of patients and caregivers, and their institutions’ standards. The latter assists in assimilating the highest possible outcomes in terms of excellence in students’ performance. A nursing setting in this case provides a special challenge to a leader especially in the modern world that is highly dynamic. In nursing, a leader should possess interpersonal skills of personality type ENFJ. This can assist leaders in maintaining a commitment to their tasks. This would be very critical in anchoring the need for professional practices and providing role models to others. The personality model further inculcates the demand for respect and intrinsic understanding of the workers and patients. The interplay of this personality consideration with previous demand for commitment has been cited in the study as a major factor in generating acceptance and creating the necessary working environment. In addition, it has been instrumental in enhancing cohesion among all stakeholders in the nursing environment. Nursing leaders should be able to go outside the normal structures in a volunteering model so that they can invoke higher levels of innovation that are particular to their working environment. Associations The personality framework of a nurse leader should point towards professional development and decision-making because it is critical in enhancing relevance while managing emergent stresses during operations. Like other professionals, leadership in a nursing environment is very challenging. The demand by the model which asserts that leaders should possess analytical and prioritizing capacity is very essential in generating the necessary balance between their emotions and the ever-rising pressure in nursing. Of particular reference, in this case, is the need to embrace the abilities of the staff and patients with objectivity necessary for building stronger relationship alongside working as a unit. As a leader in nursing, the ability to be an effective leader is based on the need to holistically evaluate all the complexities that underlie managing nurses and determining the ability of nurses to be effectively involved in the change process. According to the assignment reading, the ability to address leadership personality issues in any organization is based on an effective understanding of the particular problem at
Introduction This assignment is a discussion on the topic of ethical climate of corporates. The discussion is centered on corporate governance, which constitutes ethical conduct of corporates among other things. In the discussion, my argument is that corporate leaders (Board Members or Senior Executives) are more responsible for the ethical climate of a corporate than other employees. The discussion draws on the normative theories of business ethics namely utilitarianism and deontology as well as on bureaucracy and the decision making model. It also integrates corporate culture and structure with the ethical climate setting in corporations as well as corporate social responsibility; a concept which is gaining popularity in the corporate world. The discussion uses the example of BP Company to illustrate how corporate leaders influence the ethical climate of corporates than the employees. The discussion starts with a general overview of the topic, then goes on to discuss the theoretical models and how they support the argument in the discussion using BP as an example. At the end of the discussion is a conclusion which restates my stand on the topic by summing up the key points. In the discussion, the words corporate, company and organization have been used interchangeably but with the same meaning. Discussion An Overview of Corporates Ethics Corporate governance refers to the ways in which corporates are controlled and directed. As mentioned in the introduction, corporate governance constitutes the ethical conduct of the corporates, administrative issues, policy making and public relations among other things. Corporates differ largely in terms of their objectives, mission, vision, coverage, capital base and their scope of operation. Due to these variations, different corporates have different organizational structure and culture, which are mainly influenced by the top leadership of the organizations. Organizational culture and structure are highly integrated, with the structure influencing the culture, which encompasses some elements of ethical conduct of organizations (Garriga, and Melé, 2004. pp.51-71). Organizational culture refers to shared beliefs, values, norms and practices which characterize an organization. Organizational structure refers to how the organization is structured, and how power and authority to make decisions are distributed along the structure of the organiza
A leader is a person who helps a group develop and achieve shared goals. People obey and acclaim outstanding leaders, and at the same time despise unscrupulous leaders. The best leaders should be feared and loved. What bring about the difference for those in authority are their leadership styles and qualities. According to Nye, created leaders make the best leaders and leadership and power go hand in hand at most times. In the current world, principled leadership involves smart power, which is the mixture of hard and soft power rule (Nye, 2008, 23). Soft power is associated with capacity of the leader to influence the choices and preference of other people under his rule. This is usually manifested through the power of attraction and seduction and manipulation of the people under the leadership authority. Hard power is however, based on issuing of threats, intimidations and rewards to the followers of a leader (Nye, 2008, 29). To make a strong leader the following complexities are essential. A strong leader should be charismatic. Charisma tends to produce the best out of people especially when one is applying soft power. According to history, charisma was a common trait in the finest and inept leaders, who were in power. This quality is paramount to leaders because it helps one to know what to say and do at a time of concern. Having charisma can make an inspiring candidate rise to power easily because they appeal directly to the public. Charismatic leaders often rely on personal and inspirational power rather than the power that comes from the office they hold (Nye, 2008, 52). Transformational and transactional leadership qualities are vital to the current rulers of the world. Transformational leaders normally empower and elevate their followers. The political leaders take advantage of conflicts and crisis to put their subject under control and to raise the people consciousness in an effort to transform them. These leaders have the ability to persuade their subjects to put aside their personal interest for the greater good of the society. This usually inspires people to work hard and do more than they originally planned to do for themselves. Most transformational leaders are intellectuals. They use their smartness to inspire their subjects to broaden their thoughts and views to new opportunities in life. Transformation also involves giving personal consideration by providing the needed support and direction to ones’ followers, so that their level of motivation continues. The advantage of this form of leadership is that it looks out for the interest of a collective group or the whole society in general (Nye, 2008, 62). Transactional leaders motivate their followers on the
Creativity is of essence in every aspect of life. Moreover, a world full of creative minds can go along way in making it a better place. Companies depend on creative minds to achieve their unique and important objectives. In fact, goals are always backed by creative and innovative minds. In essence, originality goes along way in improving a company’s status. Competitive edge is an essential aspect to companies’ sustainability. It is therefore imperative that efforts are made to pursue its goals and mission. Company employees are required to be creative to utilize their abilities for betterment of the company. However, copyright and intellectual property issues are still rampant in companies. This is mainly because some people still consider others’ work as more important than theirs. Moreover, others are lazy and find it difficult to come up with their own works. This paper outlines two problems, one of which includes an employee X, who presented employee Z’s proposal as his/her own. These employees in addition to 98 others were given three weeks to come up with their own proposals. Moreover additional days were granted to those who requested, however, employee X decided to present another person’s work. The second problem outlines how Enron employees falsified accounting information in order to meet impractical expectations. The paper will therefore try to offer possible disciplinary actions for the first problem and evaluate whether the second case can be linked to students who cheat in exams to get good grades (McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2003, p. 1). Case one involves several elements. For instance, we are told that employee X is normally hard working and reliable. However, he/she decided to use employee Z’s incomplete work by adding a few lines and assume complete ownership. This is not only disrespectful to employee Z, but also cheating with respect to the company. In fact, this can be described as plagiarism, because employee X uses Employee Z’s work and ideas without consent and or acknowledgment. Moreover, each of the 100 employees was to come up with his/her proposal. In this regard, the CEO reserves the right to take a disciplinary action. However, depending on the situation a variety of disciplinary actions may be taken (Whitbeck, 2006, p. 1). Some of which include, penalties, rejection of his/her work, suspension and sacking, followed by assigning the propo