ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The study focuses on the Milgram paradigm’s effect on the better than average (BTA) impact on participants and their opinion on obedience. The participants were given a very precise description of the experiment and asked to decide when an average participant would terminate their involvement in the study (Gryzb & Dolinski, 2017). Following that, they were urged to announce at what point they would discontinue participation. The research of the experiment focused on detecting the strength of the BTA effect in relation to obedience. The participants were also categorized by those who had prior knowledge of the Milgram experiment and those who hadn’t. The study was conducted across multiple countries with each nation registering different averages which, were ranked against each other. The research question of the study asked to what extent did nationality, prior knowledge of the Milgram paradigm, and the BTA effect express an individual’s opinion on obedience? The hypothesis reflected that those with prior knowledge of the experiment were more likely to report a higher BTA score. First, the study was approved by the International Review Board and conducted by a Polish research website, Ariadna. A sample group was selected from 100,000 respondents with participants falling in the 14-70 age group. Additionally, the participant panel was verified by the Polish Association of Public Opinion and Marketing Research Firms and the Quality Control Program of Pollsters’ Work which operates with regard to the international ethics code, ICC/ESOMAR (International Chamber of Commerce, 2016). As such, the ethical requirements were judged by international standards and the experiment proceeded in an appropriate manner. The first stage of the experiment had the participants log into an internal site and begin a survey with acknowledgment of basic information such as sex, age, and residency. A 6-minute video was shown to the participants which specified the procedure of the original 1963 Milgram experiment. The video expressed all the aspects of the 1963 experiment, such as the roles of the participants and the researchers, but did not specify the results. The participants were asked to reply to four control questions which could analyze how well the participants absorbed the provided information. Answering at least three questions correctly qualified them for the following steps. Next, the participants were presented with thirty switches that were labeled with voltage, identically to the original experiment. They were asked to estimate the average person’s limit, their own, and a hypothetical limit of an average participant from another country. The last question may be more biased towards people’s racial stereotypi
The first step that translates a forensic request into a forensic report entails preparation or extraction of the required data. Before starting the process, the request should contain adequate data. If sufficient data is not available, it is crucial to liaise with the requester so as to decide on the next line of action. This can be attained by sending back the package to whoever requested it, waiting for the resolution and starting over the process again ( Digital forensic analysis methodology, 2007). In the event that sufficient information is available, the required system configuration should be developed by ensuring that the forensic software and hardware are established and validated. Thereafter, the suitability of forensic data should be duplicated and verified. If integrity has been established to be proper, the process is moved to the organization and refining stage whereby forensic tools are selected. However, lack of integrity on the request pushes the process back to the first stage. Thereafter, the requested data is extracted and labeled as “data search lead” (Rahman & Khan, 2016). The next stage is identification. Any type of unprocessed data is identified and only the relevant piece is processed further. If data search leads are generated afresh by an item, it is marked and labeled as irrelevant to the forensic process (Whitman & Mattord, 2011). Generation of new data search leads mo
Two of the 20 th Century’s most prominent philosophers were Martin Heidegger and Hannah Arendt, who happened to live and work during the time period in which the atrocities of The Holocaust were committed. In addition to a strong mutually beneficial intellectual relationship, the two of them had a romantic affair. The fact that he was a German and she was a Jew makes their story all the more interesting. Why would a man who loved a Jewish woman be a strong supporter of German politics during the Holocaust? Why would Arendt forgive him? Can Heideggerian philosophy account for the catastrophic crimes committed against the Jewish race? What good are philosophic ideals if they do not address morality in everyday life? In this essay, I attempt to address some of these questions. Additionally, I would like to address the relationship of Arendt and Heidegger in the context of The Holocaust, and the effect that it had upon their philosophical works. Also, I attempt to prove that Heidegger’s political failings, and a refusal to admit any wrongdoing on the part of the German government, undermine his philosophical credibility, while Arendt’s public endorsement of him and his ideals weakens her credibility as a voice of the Jewish people. Philosophy is the study of and the admiration for wisdom itself. It comes from the Greek words “philos,” meaning love and “sophia,” which means wisdom. After his mentor Husserl, Heidegger was a major proponent of “phenomenology,” the philosophic study of structures of consciousness—sort of a detailed look at what the process of thinking is itself, and how philosophies are created. In 1923 Heidegger took a position at Marburg University, working as an associate professor. He continued to work in phenomenology and also lectured on Aristotle. During this time period, he worked on his treatise, Being and Time , which was ultimately seen as a major philosophical work. Partially due to this accomplishment, Heidegger was awarded the position of Philosophic Chair in 1928 at Freiberg University. With Hitler’s rise to power, Heidegger’s life entered a more controversial stage, referred to as “the turn.” Though he had been rather apolitical prior to the 1930’s, the increasing demands of university hierarchy necessitated a certain degree of political involvement. He was elected rector of Freiburg University in 1933, and soon after joined the NSDAP party. His infamous rector’s address from that post is often seen as evidence of Nazi support, though the movement is not specifically mentioned. However, actions speak louder than words, and during his rectorship, Heidegger willingly transformed the university into the National-Socialist mold, expelling Jewish academics, and not even objecting to the firing of his previous mentor Husserl. Perhaps surprisingly, a year later Heidegger resigned from the post, and expressed some covert criticism of Nazi ideology, engendering the surveillance of The Gestapo, and eventually sent to dig tre
Entrepreneurship or professional management is the process by which an entrepreneur identifies a business opportunity, assembles all the required factors of production and starts a viable business. A professional manager should be able to identify a business opportunity and conduct a feasibility study of the intended business. If the study confirms viability of the business, the entrepreneur should develop the business plan, Seek ways and means to finance the business, that means to get the starting and running capital until the business becomes self sustaining and lastly identifying the appropriate form of legal organization appropriate to the business. Entrepreneurship is usually a challenging task as most of the new businesses fails within the first year of operation. An entrepreneur becomes the first manager of any business organization. Entrepreneurs have a great desire to achieve and to grow ( Zoltan , 2003). Training and course requirements The training course for professional management or entrepreneurship is a broad based course. A student is supposed to be trained on various fields of study which relates to social, cultural, economic and professional studies. A manager will have to interact with people of all classes. He or she therefore should have knowledge on how to deal with each of these classes of people, how to relate with people of different cultural background and how to handle them professionally and with respect. For these reasons, the course of study should include business management, economics, marketing, accounting, human resource management, statistics, Psychology and information technology (Casson, 2003). Any professional manager or entrepreneur must have a basic knowledge of entrepreneurship and what it entails. This involves thorough study of courses that equips the entrepreneurs with knowledge and skills that can enable him or her to develop a business venture from scratch to international business organization levels. These courses include how to:   * Identify a business opportunity.   * conduct a business feasibility study   * Write and develop a business plan   * Find ways and sources of business finance   * Identify the best form of legal organization However training requirements for a professional management and entrepreneurship course differ with the level of entry position in the business organization. For a company manager, a bachelor’s degree coupled with specialized expertise is required. A master’s degree can be an added advantage. Training requirements vary between private businesses and government businesses. For government businesses they may require just graduate education with little or no experience. For large private business ventures they seek to employ managers with master’s degree in the relevant business field and substantial years of experience in such a position in that field (Busenitz, 1997). A professional manager i
The idea of a pessimistic evaluation of life can be faced by looking at the artistic works of many writers. Jorge Amado is one of the most outstanding examples of a writer who could make the traditional attitude toward things and people transformed in the literature manner of the Modernist trend. In fact, another writer, Isabel Allende, provided picturesque and rather artistically outlined works. Her observation of reality is shaped with a mere extent of love to people and peoples’ fallacies about love, life, and their place as ordinary people. Human reality can be evaluated in its pessimistic coloring on the example of Amado’s The miracle of the birds and Allendo’s Toads mouth and Two Words. In the analysis of these three stories, the idea of peoples’ worries and hopes is indicated. Furthermore, the standpoints in these stories are highlighted with projection on real life in its observation throughout the societal peculiarities. This point stands clear and is more felt in all stories under analysis. The manifestation of human reality in its particular relation to the new era where market relationships and a new approach toward life concerned with technologies deepens the picture of hypothetic happiness. In The Miracle of the Birds, Jorge Amado describes the story of the protagonist Ubaldo Capadócio. This man is well known in the town of Piranhas, State of Alagoas. The idea of evil spread everywhere and is supposed to be magnificent in contrast to goodness. In this respect Ubaldo is considered to be the most peculiar for its devotion to love and love affairs with women, to be precise. His being unengaged in serious relationships with a woman was finally described by the scene which was seen by townsmen in the marketplace. His affectionate person was hated by all men and Captain Lindolfo Ezequiel, in particular, because “Ubaldo was one hell of a lover” (Amado 99). This idea is one of those which in most cases gives birth to peoples’ hatred and disregard of human values. Sexual affairs with a woman who is married in fact gave precedent for Captain to kill Ubaldo. The pessimism is discovered in the inevitable grounding of the story and its relation to death. However, the happy end is especially imposed by the author, so that [to illustrate that among a total atmosphere of pessimism and sadness there should be a place for seductive people who charm others. In the story, it is illustrated in the episode where everyone in the marketplace was ashamed by what they had seen: “One minute the air was full of birds—pigeons and thrushes, orioles and cardinals, canaries and lovebirds—and the next they had picked up Ubaldo Capadócio by his flimsy nightgown and flown away with him” (Amado 100). Captain in turn was transformed into a tree. Here comes the moral evaluation of the idea pin the story: in passion and hatred people
As soon as we have assembled a simple compass made of plastic and needle, we have quickly spent several times on a metal sewing needle with the magnet strictly in one direction. This action caused the needle to become temporarily magnetized and turned into a simple analog of a two-pole magnet. In particular, our metal needle acquired one magnetized end — the one to which the magnet was moved — and one non-magnetized (Woodford, 2019). When the plastic with the magnetized needle was placed on the water surface, it could move freely but was positioned strictly according to the Earth’s magnetic field. Thus, the magnetized end of the needle, its tip, was turned towards the geographic North Pole. This phenomenon is also confirmed by the fact that when trying to turn the plastic, it still returned to the set position. Introducing a permanent magnet into the area of our plastic disk noticeably changes the established situation. This phenomenon is very similar to how a metal sewing needle reacted to the Earth’s field, but instead of a planetary field, we use a permanent magnet with poles set: North and south. Thus, there is a positive charge at the south pole, while at the north pole, there is a negative charge. If we bring the magnet to the south side’s structure, the needle on the disk will be oriented towards the magnet because the magnetic field of the material will be larger than the field of the Earth. The needle, with its sharp end, will follow the magnet as it rotates around the plate. On the other hand, if we bring the magnet to the needle with the north side, we get the interaction of different shaped charges, which leads to an independent rotation of the needle by 180 degrees. In this laboratory work, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sunlight on the drying of fabric material. In particular, four samples of cotton fabric of the same size and thickness were used. All fragments were placed for two minutes in a water plate to allow the material to become c
Introduction The American dream is one of the most revered ideals of the nation and it has become a part of the American national identity. This national philosophy states that the United States of America is a land of opportunity and every person has equal opportunity, regardless of their socio-economic background, for prosperity and success if they use their talents and work hard. Inevitably, the American Dream has influenced generations of citizens who seek to obtain richer and better lives in accordance with the dream. However, the US has experienced significant inequality and poverty even as more people pursue this dream. These issues have led to questions as to whether the American Dream is a good or a bad thing for the dreamer and the society. This paper will argue that the American Dream is bad because it ignores the growing inequalities, promotes individualism and encourages materialism by the American people. The American Dream: A Bad Philosophy The American Dream creates an illusion of equality while the reality is that power and wealth influence the socio-economic outcomes of an individual in the United States. The perception that the US offers equal opportunities for was first articulated in the Declaration of Independence. In this document, Thomas Jefferson affirmed the ideal of equal rights and opportunities for all by declaring, “All men are created equal” (376). This ideal is echoed by Lincoln in the “Gettysburg Address” where he stresses on the importance of liberty and equality in the formation of the United States (1). As such, the American Dream proposes that each person has equal opportunity in the US in spite of his or her backgrounds. As such, even a child born and brought up in poverty has an opportunity to achieve great wealth in the country. However, this is not the case and a person’s socioeconomic roots greatly determine their future prosperity. This statement is reinforced by the fact that the nation’s wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy individuals and the gap between the rich and the poor is ever widening in the country. The Dream is therefore a bad thing since it downplays the reality that the US is a land where power and wealth influence a lot. The American Dream encourages individualism and a lack of concern for the poorer members of the society. The ideals promote the ethos of personal achievement through hard work. Because the dream asserts that everyone has e
Baird, M. L. (2021). ‘Making Black More Beautiful’: Black Women and the Cosmetics Industry in the Post‐Civil Rights Era. Gender & History , 33 (2), 557–574. Web. In this journal article, the author analyzes the synthetic development of distinct cosmetics for black females. More specifically, the main notion of the paper is to illustrate how cynic was the” success story” of black female cosmetic products. While the industry experienced a significant increase in revenue and scale, the source of this process was the racial discrimination of black women since the marketing campaign emphasized that black women are beautiful. By doing this, cosmetics companies were propagating racial inequality in terms of natural beauty so that white females were considered as those who are already attractive while black women must use cosmetics to become “beautiful” too. Brooks, L. (2019). “50 Shades of Beige “: An Empirical Investigation into Issues of Representation, Inclusion and Diversity in the Twenty-First Century English Cosmetics Industry. Academia Press. Web. In this thesis, the author profoundly investigated the business models of most popular cosmetics brands owned by white race representatives. As a result, the author derived the three most considerable aspects where black women’s identity is significantly discriminated against. First and foremost, it is the brand targeting, which excludes black women representatives from the general marketing strategy by advertising black female cosmetics in particular cases only. Secondly, the companies do not invest sufficient funds in developing makeup tones and shades adjusted to black skin type. Last but not least, the shades’ naming is also one of the racial discrimination sources derived from the makeup process. By doing this, companies highlight that the makeup “is usually for white females,” so there is no need to develop appropriate products for black females. Dixon, A. R., & Telles, E. E. (2017). Skin color and colorism: global research, concepts, and measurement. Annual Review of Sociology , 43 (1), 405–424. Web. In this article, the authors developed the racial inequality throughout the meaning of terms “coloring” and “colorism.” More specifically, they examined the relationship between any social activity and color. In the vast majority of the cases, the color meant for people the notion of race. Thereafter, the authors integrated the main theory into a more particular subject, which is skin-lightning. According to the widespread theory, the lighter the woman’s skin, the more honorable she is. As a result, many women are willing to make their skin lighter in order to increase their own social status. Finally, this article might bring considerable value to the work since it discloses the subject’s issue from an unfamiliar angle. Moreover, referring to the history and analyzing the problem worldwide might allow to “connect the dots” between the USA and other nations or even countries. Gurrieri, L., & Drenten,
Providing patients with proper care and offering them effective and timely services are among the main objectives that nurses must meet in the clinical setting. Therefore, it is vital to assign a restricted number of patients per nurse so that a nurse could pay enough attention to each of the patients. However, with the current situation with the coronavirus pandemic, as well as the lack of opportunities for proper time management, the nurse-to-patient ratio has been dropping drastically, meaning that nurses must take an increasingly large number of patients (Al-Shamsi, 2017). Thus, the efficacy of care drops due to the inability to manage tremendous workload. To address the specified concerns, options for recruiting a larger number of nursing experts into the clinical setting must be considered. The recruitment process may be based on an increased range of incentives offered to nurse exerts, namely, a larger benefit package with higher pay and a broad range of options for professional development. The specified options may include training and obtaining extra skills, as well as certificates that confirm the improved qualifications of nursing experts (Flaherty & Bartels, 2019). It is believed that the proposed change to the current nursing setting will encourage potential recruits to consider the specified setting as their workplace. Furthermore, creating programs for students with a major in nursing should also be deemed as a viable option. Thus, healthcare facilities will be able to attract new staff members that will have enough competencies to address the needs of patients from diverse backgrounds and with different health issues, whereas students will be able to observe theory being put into practice in the healthcare environment, thus building their experience.