ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The need for successful mental, emotional and behavioral (MEB) health services for children cannot be overemphasized. According to the recent studies carried out in the United States, one of the major health dilemmas that families and children are grappling with is substance abuse. It is important to note that the prevalence of substance abuse in the US is on a steady rise. However, only a privileged few can afford effective mental health services to address the problem (Agarwal et al., n.d., p.1). The Role of Prevention Science In light of the proposals of the President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, there is an urgent need to create and sustain practices and services that lend credence to early identification, prevention and interventions for health promotion. It is against this backdrop that prevention science fits the bill. Clinicians not only strive to reduce the occurrence and relapse of substance abuse but also encourage positive change and adaption for the population at risk. Some of the salient aspects of an effective prevention program include: designing an all-inclusive conceptual model to spot etiology of substance abuse, malleable risk and protective factors that contribute to this behavioral problem; devising trials to control assumed risk and protective factors to ascertain their causal role; choosing causal factors and carrying out efficiency trials; and ensuring continuity of successful programs (Agarwal et al., n.d., p.1). Cause and Impact of Substance Abuse According to Hosman et al., over 400 million people worldwide are victims of some form of mental and behavioral disorders, including substance abuse (2005, p.13). Some of the causes of substance abuse include peer pressure, lack of parental guidance, school violence and inadequate educational achievement (Agarwal et al., n.d., p.1). Substance abuse not only increases the risk of physical illness but also represents a massive socio-economical and psychological burden to the families as well as the society at large. In light of the abovementioned risks and consequences, prevention science is the only effective and sustainable way for alleviating the burden brought about by substance abuse (Hosman et al., 2005, p.13). Prevention Strategies/Programs to Combat Substance Abuse There is an urgent need for the adoption of effective prevention strategies to combat substance abuse among children. This calls for a closer collaboration between families, school management and community leaders since the impact of substance abuse is not only felt by the affected family but also friends and the society in general. There have been extensive studies carried out in the last two decades to ascertain prevention strategies that can effectively minimize substance abuse. These strategies have common benchmarks: enhancing protective factors, for example, strong family unions, acute social skills and attachment to school (Reno et al., 2000, p.1). Caring School Community Program (CSCP) is an example of research-based intervention program. It is a universal program that entails closer collaboration between family and school to alleviate risk of substance
Marketing research question The major marketing research question is “Can an AVR based promotional game in Gucci catalog magazines increase catalog readership?”. This major research question would be assessed through other minor research questions such as “What are consumer’s attitudes towards promotional games in catalogs?”. “Have consumers experienced catalog promotional games before”, “What qualities would make a promotional game interesting?” and “Can promotional games lead to increased customer purchases?” Criteria for selecting survey methods Sampling issues need to be top in the list in terms of determining whether the questions can be answered or not. This is normally determined by the nature of information required from the respondents and the kind of access the researcher has to them. This research should target fashion retailers who use AVR technology. In order to ensure that the participants have those qualities then the organization should consider doing stratified sampling. This refers to a method of sampling which focuses on a set of the population that possesses certain qualities. It then selects participants randomly from that sample in order to have a suitable number of representatives taking part. These concerns of having the right individuals should definitely play a major role in ensuring that things go according to plan. Bias issues also need to be considered when selecting the survey method. Some consumers would want to appear socially desirable so chances are that they may make the concept of promotional games in magazines look good when it really is not. Also, since the questions will require physical viewing of the catalogs then the participant may actually need to interact with the researcher and this may increase biases. Lastly, one must consider the content of the questions asked. In this case, the research is trying to find out something about a relatively new addition in the market. Some respondents may not know about promotional games in catalogs so related questions would not be appropriate to them. Survey method to be used The most appropriate survey method would be personal interviews through the use questionnaires. This method was identified because the nature of the questions is such that it requires one on one interaction with the participant – consumers need to look at certain catalogs and ensure that they rate them. Additionally, the method is likely to yield higher response rates and also allows the concerned interviewer to assess whether the right respondents was actually filling in the answers. They will ask for clarification directly in case they do not under
Defining quality in Health Services Defining quality implies the development of well-standardized quality according to the demands of the customers. These standards are categorized as clinical or administrative by developing inputs, processes and productivity. Standards can apply to the individualistic or entire healthcare system. The standards of quality can be comparable based on scientific approaches of multiple dimensions of quality. The basic demands and expectations of stakeholders (clients & community) are accurately measuring tools of quality standards. Pre-planned or definite standards of quality are the best tools for the evaluation of quality. If there are no standards, these should be developed by the authoritative management of health care. The standards of quality, universally acknowledged standards are very assistive to formulate the local standards. Sometimes, there is a need of refining such standards which already exist so that they may be workable by health care employees. Quality assurance in Health Services Standards are designed according to the expected quality of the health care system and workers. These standards include varied forms of procedures, clinical practice guidelines, algorithms, critical paths, standard operating procedures, treatment protocols and statements of estimated healthcare outcomes. Standards are communicative for both health care wor
Art history studies the historical development of art objects and their stylistic contexts. Mostly the objects of arts include architecture and sculpture. Others in the category may include painting, ceramics, and furniture among others. Style and periodisation have been used in the study of development of art since its emergence in the 19 th century. Periodisation of arts Periodisation of arts on the other hand is an approach to art that attempts to divide the work of arts in to groups through time and space. The assumption in this approach is that the flow of work of arts has been continuous through time and space. The other assumption is that the art works within each period grouping have some significant common qualities or a quality (Orton and Pollock 23). The common qualities may be the aspects of art like thematic, stylistic, iconography among others. Periodisation is claimed to be very essential to educational enterprises today as it can be used to package information in to topics and courses. Limitations of Periodisation Periodisation as an approach to art has some limitations. First, periodisation influences the perception of the viewers about the quality of the art work in that they only view the qualities that are deemed vital for a particular period while others are overlooked. It also contradicts against the nature of art works. This is because it incorporates the individuality of the artist to the uniqueness of the art work but does not consider the creativity of the artist. Uniqueness of an art is basically due to the creativity of the artist and cannot merely be used to characterize an art period. Some critics also argue that the art history should not be divided, rather, it should be written in continuous record of events and interrelations (Orton and Pollock 45). The view here is that periodisation distorts the art history process. It is also argued that periodisation should be neutral rather than being judgmental about
Stoil, M. (2006), “When Medicaid paid bills: behavioral healthcare have suffered as Medicaid has become the dominant public-sector payer.” Medical executives from different US healthcare departments argue that government healthcare expenses are increasing. The argument arises from the fact that the federal administration spends too much on Medicaid, a US healthcare plan meant to assist persons who cannot afford healthcare (Stoil, 2006). It is noted that the government’s monetary contribution amounts to a huge percentage of total Medicaid expenditure. In fact, it may increase in case the projected increase of Medicaid expenditure remains unchallenged. US government agendas on behavioral healthcare were habitually interpreted as state objective of influencing the healthcare; poor persons get (Stoil, 2006). This is because, in the past, major government expenditure on behavioral healthcare was directed to asylums and government healthcare entities (Stoil, 2006); however, this has changed over time with the government investing more in community progress institutions and other non-income generating entities. HRSA. (2005), “Policy information notice 04-05: Medicaid reimbursement for behavioral health services.” Healthcare institutions, including rural and federal establishments, have raised concerns that obtaining compensation from Medicaid has been a nightmare to them, thus risking patients’ health. The concerns were responded to by seeking statutory requirements of Medicaid, and was finally settled that it is Medicaid’s obligation to reimburse the rural and federal healthcare institutions. Persons to be compensated include doctors, nurses, and any other clinical social employee (HRSA, 2005). Additionally, the refund must be strictly on expenses incurred on the line of duty, as stipulated by the constitution. This is because the concern of compensating certain duties on which were not within the scope of Medicaid strategies was raised. The worry was solved with reference to statutory boundaries that explain the extent to which practitioners are to be compensated. Recently, Medicaid reimbursement on behavioral healthcare entities has recently been restricted by the government. As a setback, Medicaid assistance to healthcare entities such as FQHC and HRC is threatened since it may fail to satisfy its legislative obligation (HRSA, 2005). It is renowned that Medicaid does not define the services to be rendered by medical employees but instead, it recognizes the medical staff based on their medical qualification. In addition, reimbursement is done based on the work done within the scope of their profession as per stipulated in the statute law. Main points from both articles Medicaid fiscal service is outshining the rural grant bodies due to the support it gets from the government. In light of this fact, Medicaid reimbursement of healthcare services is projected to increase thus effectively satisfying its legislative requirements (Stoil, 2006). In addition, government reimbursement has recently shifted from state own
The general public seemed to be very surprised when Obama became a president of the USA. However, people got used to the changes and accepted him. Today, his second term is running out, and new candidates are willing to be elected. They represent the Democratic, Republican and third parties, some are even independent candidates. The list of individuals who want to get such a position is extremely long, and it seems to be questionable if people know them all. Here are the overviews of the candidates who came from different parties. Being a political campaign adviser, I support “Former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton” (“Presidency” para. 2). Clinton is a candidate from New York who works in the Democratic Party and is known to the general public not only as a great politician but also as Bill Clinton’s wife. Her website meets Internet users with a pop-up window that encourages them to get involved and support her. Regardless of the individual’s reaction (chip in or close the window), one is thanked for being a part of this. There is no need to spend lots of time looking for the issues Clinton wants to discuss, as they are put into the separate section. It is emphasized that Hillary has a particular vision for the USA, and she will do her best to implement new policies that will help her to enhance the state of the country. The number of issues pointed out on the website is already great, and it exceeds 25 issues, but it is stated that with the course of time there will be even more of them: Health   * Alzheimer’s disease. Clinton states that she is able to help people with Alzheimer’s and even make it curable by 2025.   * Health care. Healthcare se
Bahan, B. J. (1996). Non-Manual Realization of Agreement in American Sign Language. Boston University Graduate School. The primary goal of the dissertation lies in exploring the importance of head tilt and eye gaze as one of the ways of non-manual expression in American Sign Language. In particular, the study focuses on syntactic functions of the above-mentioned signs that have been given little attention in the literature. Credibility and Usability of Results with Regard to Place The study explores the American Sign Language shifts within the Deaf Community established in the United States. The choice of location is supported by facts and evidence from reported documents. In particular, the study provides literature research and findings proving the existence of a high percentage of deaf people in the United States due to genetic reasons. In addition, some historical findings have been introduced to enhance the validity and reliability of the results. Finally, to comprehend the problem studied, the researcher has also presented succinct information on the phonetic, syntactic, and morphological structure of the American Sign Language. Sample Description and Analysis The population of concern is the Deaf Community located in the United States, particularly associations, schools, and networks creating specific clubs for deaf people and maintaining relations across generations. The rationale for considering this particular population is justified because the researcher accurately describes the activities introduced by the Deaf Community that have formulated norms and regulations as the basis of social interaction. Though the sample size has not been precisely identified, it does not make the study unreliable and invalid because the author makes use of a number of resources disclosing the numerical data on the existing non-manuals gestures and their utilization. In particular, the study is based on the researches carried out by Chomsky (1957), Klima and Bellugi (1979), Padden (1983), and many other scholars that have contributed to a better understanding of the significance of the research. The Main Strengths of Results and Generalizability The problem analysis presented in the dissertation can be successfully applied to a broader context due to the great generalizability of the topic. This is explained by the fact that sign languages exist in various communities where both manual and non-manual expressions are slightly differentiated. What is more, the topic can also be discussed at the international level to consider the importance of sign language in a broader context. The Analysis of Data Collection Procedure The main stages of the data analysis procedure do not provide a clear and conventional structure of information gathering. Though participants and sites are clearly identified, a major focus is mostly made on the analysis of sign language structure and peculiarities. In addition, there is no rigid connection between the participants and the patterns established within the linguistic elements under consideration. Hence, instead of focusing on a particular sample population, the author makes the shift to
Introduction Smart grid technology is technology that utilizes both remote home monitoring and automation. This technology was first used with electricity grids but it has since been utilized in other applications. This technology is meant to improve efficiency, reliability, and economics of supply and consumption services. Once employed, smart grid technology ensures that the infrastructure of a grid includes an intelligent monitoring system. Smart grid technology relies on a highly efficient two-way communication system. A smart grid system usually consists of centralized software that is used together with millions of end user devices. The most common application of smart grid technology is in electricity distribution. Multiple power generating companies, together with multiple aggregated electrical networks form an electrical grid. This grid is incorporated with technology to increase coordination of services between suppliers and consumers over long distances. Smart grid technology was instituted to improve energy consumption efficiency, manage real time flows, and to provide billing and compensation frameworks. Technology The main idea in smart grid technology is to incorporate monitoring, analysis, communication capabilities and control into an electrical network (Feinberg 15). To achieve this, many technological concepts are incorporated into a smart grid. The first concept used in smart grid technology is integrated communications. Smart grids rely on reliable end-to-end networks. Recently, modems have been used to collect data. Network technologies used in smart grid technology include wireless networks, fiber optics, and power-line carrier communications. The technology is used to ensure data exchange optimization, efficient asset management, and data security. The other form of technology is the one used to evaluate grid performance. Smart technology involves measuring grid stability, equipment stability, and energy theft instances. The technology that helps achieve this includes smart or microprocessor meters, temperature-sensing mechanisms, electronic signature analyzers, advanced switching, radio technology, and real time pricing. Smart grids also use advanced technological components to improve efficiency. Alternating current devices are examples of such devices. Other such tools include voltage stabilizing components and optimization control mechanisms. In some instances, advanced software is used to take over power system automations. Such software takes over the main operations areas of a power system like distribution, analysis, responses, and calculations. Due to the complicated nature of a smart grid, some technological improvements are needed to support its capabilities. There is a need to improve interfaces for them to be able to support the grid’s heavy load. For example, technology may be improved to increase visualization capabilities. Visualization is an important tool when it comes to monitoring grid activities. Simulation tools are also vital components of smart grid technology. For smart grid technology to be operational, it has to rely on the already set industry standards. Any technology
The Enterprise Risk Management Framework developed by COSO provides a specific structure for the execution of challenges at all level in an organization. ERM gives the management a possibility to identify particular events or situations relevant to the main goals of the company and evaluate them in terms of influence and likelihood. In addition, it helps businesses to determine appropriate response strategies to these circumstances and monitor the changes throughout the process. The framework is divided into eight components that are correlated since each of them plays a significant role in the process of risk management. However, it is believed that ERM is ineffective and relatively immature due to its informality, underdevelopment, and vague guidance. While having a chance to participate in the COSO ERM update project, I would try to make the procedure more detailed and structured. Since most of the ideas of the framework are theoretical, it is essential to apply them to real life and implement during various circumstances. Therefore, it would be beneficial to develop specific examples that would show professionals the right operations at different steps of problem management. This strategy would ensure a practical implementation of framework objectives and prevent the appearance of other challenges. Furthermore, due to the fact that ERM cannot ensure a one hundre
Introduction The pandemic COVID-19 changed existing education processes and adversely affected students’ mental health. Nursing students have always had increased requirements for their specialty, but new circumstances have also deprived them of their previous hospital practice opportunities for obtaining licenses. Lisa Black Thomas examines the situation in the article “Stress and depression in undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Nursing students compared to undergraduate students in non-nursing majors.” The study aims to determine how different the manifestations of stress and depression are among American nursing students compared to students of other disciplines and what supports nursing students in continuing their education. Method The study combines quantitative and qualitative methods – the author collected quantitative data to measure stress and depression levels through online questionnaires and qualitative data – during interviews. The analysis of the data was carried out using statistical and content analysis, respectively. More than two thousand students of various disciplines took part in online surveys, and 12 nursing students participated in interviews. A large sample size benefits the study by improving the accuracy of data analysis. Main Results The quantitative data analysis showed that nursing students felt stress and changes in educational processes due to the pandemic more than students in other disciplines. At the same time, depression symptoms in medical students, on the contrary, were lower than in the rest of the sample. Content analysis of interviews demonstrated that social support was a critical factor that contributed to continuing learning under challenging circumstances. Moreover, for nursing students, the support of their colleagues was more significant than any other. Discussion and Conclusion A college education is a critical transition period to adulthood, and the pandemic has incredibly complicated it for students. A crucial finding of this article is the understanding that social support and a sense of belonging among student nurses is an essential motivating and stabilizing factor despite the increased stress level. Moreover, some students believe that overcoming the difficult circumstances of the pandemic will help them become more resilient in future practice. The article is relevant for nursing practice as COVID is recognized as a severe traumatic event, and the study draws attention to the importance of psychological support on campuses and trauma-informed education for student nurses. Thus, the stress of nursing students is high and requires measures for its management, but circumstances can also benefit students’ resilience and belonging. Reference Black Thomas L. M. (2022). Stress and depre