ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Overview The couple selected for this psychological analysis is Anakin Skywalker and Padme Amidala from the film Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith. Due to the nature of their jobs, their marriage must be kept secret from everyone, including people they consider close. The second problem is that Padme is pregnant, which threatens to reveal their secret. Also, Anakin is fearful that Padme will die during childbirth due to dreams that he is having, which is causing him to behave erratically and become distanced in their marriage. Pertinent Information It is important to consider several factors when treating the couple. Padme and Anakin met when both were young. Anakin was 9 years old and came from a life of labor and poverty, raised by a single mother until he had an opportunity to leave for his studies. Meanwhile, Padme came from a royal background, becoming a political leader at the young age of 14. After a brief adventure, they did not see each other for ten years until brought together in their line of work in the government, during which they fell in love and eventually got married despite it being forbidden. Around this time, Anakin lost his mother after being away from her for such a long time. This propelled him into a sense of rage and guilt during which he secretly committed violent crimes. It should be noted that Anakin is an active soldier and veteran who went through years of combat. Both individuals fulfill traditional gender roles in the family. There were no signs of mental illness or affairs. Lately, Anakin had become more emotionally abusive to Padme, blaming her for betraying his trust when in fact, she was seeking help, at which point he physically assaulted her by choking her. These issues should be addressed by focusing on safety planning and emotional regulation for the family. It is vital to help the couple without triggering a conflict that would translate into domestic violence. Limited confidentiality is also
The popular American culture is a versatile thing that is able to change every now and then. People in America create the main motives for culture and the beginning was outlined by the emergence of scientific-technological progress and by means of different amenities for people of today’s society. Popular American culture comprises many things which are dedicated, first of all, to the role of mass media and the production of different items and services which are associated with the American way of life. It is also felt in the manners which contemporary American people have and demonstrate worldwide. Dressing, talking, behaving are those parts of the American popular culture that stimulate the flow of today’s transformations of thoughts, priorities, and visions which the American people have at the moment. The role of mass media can be maintained throughout one of its functions, namely: communicative. It is felt when people realize that after having time watching a favorite talk show or reality show they start to behave the same way as the characters in these shows. It is a pure fact which undoubtedly provides a truth of today’s decline of cultures, not only American. Restrained themes of pornography and violence are greatly emphasized in present society. Moreover, these products are sold everywhere due to the conveyor of the movie-making industry, TV screens, and the Internet which made the process of sharing that content which was not taken for granted before time. One can point out that democratization of the society brought a sort of freedom so needful for the people of America. It can be true because of the morale shift which was provided by the events that happened in the late 1950s and 1960s, in particular when the Sexual Revolution encompassed Europe and its effects were immediately spread in the USA. The absurd of the situation which is happening today Martha Bayles comments in the following way: “Even many creators of popular culture who are not on the cutting edge assume that “pushing the envelope” of sex and violence is the very definition of “creativity” (Bayles, 2001, p. 40). People stopped looking at their appearance due to the national brands of fast food and soft drinks which made people unconscious about the theme of health. Values of a clean and healthy society are almost trite. It is powered by the industrial needs of the government. Those sayings and lessons which were presented earlier by classic writers, such as Jack London, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Walt Whitman, John Steinbeck, or J. D. Salinger, at last, are forgotten in the society, and slogans coming from various logos are dominant for new generations. It is prescribed in a feature of “coolness” when people use such modern terms and behave in such a suchlike manner. The point is that arts have the function of teaching how to feel and evaluate reality. Culture contradictory p
Introduction Abortion is a controversial topic because it deals with the question of human life and death. There are no contemporary ethical issues so emotionally charged and inviting of public, political, legal and moral controversy as those involving matters of life and death. Abortion is one such ethical issue and one that has the capacity not only to cause extreme and damaging divisions among people, but violence as well. abortion is defined differently by those who do support it and those who do not. This is significant, in that it again raises questions concerning the supposed value neutrality of so-called ‘objective’ moral definitions and concepts, and the extent to which these can be ethically loaded (Stetson 34). Thesis Using sociological imagination, it is evident that abortion is morally right and permissible because it benefits a woman and society in general. Personal Sociological Imagination In order to describe the question of abortion
Danticat, Haitian born, has been living in the United States for more than twenty years yet finds difficulties in coping with life in both cultures. The main theme in her book highlights the lives of families of Haitians in the US. In her book, ‘Brother I’m Dying,’ she focuses her work on the following themes; division or separation, get-together importance of a home and how it shapes a person. Two situations are described: where a man looks for a new home for his family and another man believes in redemption of his home using any means. Danticats’ book is a description of events that took place in her life and which contributed to shaping her mindset as it is described in the first chapter of her book. Her parents, father and mother left her in Haiti when she was two and four years respectively. She was later united with her brother twelve years afterwards in the United States. While in Haiti, she lived with her uncle, Joseph and aunt, Denise. Joseph died in the hands of immigration officials while looking for provisional asylum in the US. Due to the fact that her book is an autobiography, it is biased in nature. Apart from expressing her views, judgments and intentions, she tries to make the reader believe her testimonials yet it cannot be confirmed. In her book, Joseph and Mira, his biological father, represent separate immigrant experiences. She writes that among the problems Haiti is facing, some originated from occupation of United States in Haiti between 1915 and 1935. She believes the impact of the US stay is the cause of constant devastations and rebuilding, self governance and suppression in Haiti. According to Denticat, this cycle of events created the wish to migrate to United States with the hope of beginning life and protection from chaos in Haiti. Political instability in Haiti led to massive immigration until the election of Aristide in 1990, who initiated stability but was later ousted by the military. According to the author, Haitian immigrants always encountered hostile reception than any other group in the United States. There was a serious crackdown for immigrants after the September 11 attacks which had serious effects on Haitians in the US. Though immigration issues are widely covered in the book, another main theme in the book is the fact that people are constantly looking for stable homes. This is seen in both Joseph and Danticat adventures. Danticat seeks to reunite with her parents in New York while Joseph hopes to return to Haiti in his stable home. The three characters, Joseph, Mira and Danticat are always struggling to find a stable home irrespective of whether it a fixed location offering better opportunities and security or a shifting place that offers hope. In his article in the New Yolk Times, Danticat wrote, “New Yolk was our city on th
Introduction Wind erosion is an effective agent for causing degradation of the soil. The consequence of this problem is devastating on both man and the climate. It usually occurs in regions with poor vegetation. This paper outlines the types, causes, effects, and prevention methods of wind erosion in order to spur the concern about this problem, hence avert any further damage to the environment. Body of review The Dust Watch Australia (2009) website, describes that wind erosion takes place when wind exercises energy that is enough to suspend the soil particles and/or soil aggregates. The suspended soil material travels and settles down in a different location. The length traveled by the entrained particles is dependent on the size of the particles and the power of wind. The plant and Soil Sciences website (2006), details that wind erosion takes the following forms: “suspension, saltation, and soil creep.” Suspension involves projection and transport of very fine particles of soil in the air to different locations. Saltation is whereby intermediary sized grains moves in a sequence of leaps and bounds. The particles rise and fall successively after short air travels (Yerima & Ranst, 2006, p.380-2). Soil creep is the least means of movement as it involve mass wasting processes that bombards soil grains along the soil surface by saltating particles and under little influence of the strength of the wind. Since they are large and cannot be lifted up by the wind motion, they tend to roll, slide and creep along the surface (Alsharhan, 2003, p. 353). Figure 1: The wind erosion Process Wind erosion is caused by several factors. Gaddis and Fenster (n.d) have written that uncovered soil is liable to effects of wind erosion. Bare soils are subject to soil erosion, especially in smooth, loose and dry finely granulated surfaces. Lal (2004, p.109) states that: “anthropogenic activities such as overgrazing, biomass burning, and improper tillage operations”, l
Berlusconi Background Introduction Silvio Berlusconi was born in 1936 on September 29 th in Milan, Italy. He is a graduate of university Statale in Milan where he pursued law and graduated in 1961 with a thesis on the legal aspects of advertising. After completing the university, Berlusconi has been aggressive in life and has been involved in a lot of activities in Italy. In collaboration with some singers, he composed AC Milan’s anthem. He also wrote two Neapolitan song albums in collaboration with Mariano Apicella; one in 2003 and the other one in 2006. Business career According to Wikipedia.com, Berlusconi built his business career beginning in the 1960s around which he wanted to develop a garden estate called Milano 2 of about 10,500 apartments which was later set up in Segrate on the Milano suburbs. He ventured into the media world in 1973 and set up a small cable television company called Tele Milano. This was meant to service the garden estate he set up at segregate. The station was later relocated in 1977 to central Milano after acquiring airwaves. The following year, finest media group was formed and Berlusconi joined an illegal group called propaganda 2. Through unknown funding, Finivest made 113 billion lire. The investigation about the source of funds failed despite the effort by the state attorneys. Fininvest later became a full national TV channel in 1990. According to Wikipedia.com, this pace was facilitated by Berlusconi’s close relationship with the Italian big guns of that period like the Italian socialist par
Introduction In psychology there are three major theories when it comes to the study of learning and behaviour. The first one is classical conditioning which was popularised by Pavlov. The second one is operant conditioning – made famous by B.F. Skinner. The third one is cognitive-social learning which was developed by many practitioners in the field of psychology. In order to fully understand the three different theories it would be best to apply them to a real-life learning experience. The proponent of this paper will use a previous experience, the accidental discovery of the heavenly taste of sashimi – the Japanese way of eating raw fish, dipped in a soy sauce made potent by wasabi. Learning Experience It can be argued that the Europeans prefer their fish, poultry, and beef thoroughly cooked. It can come in grilled, baked, or fried as long as it comes out of the kitchen hot and smelling good. Majority prefers this type of cuisine as opposed to sushi or sashimi. On the other hand it can also be argued that more and more people are discovering the satisfying taste as well as health giving benefits of eating fresh raw fish dipped in soy sauce with wasabi. Still, this is not the kind of food that will suit the taste of the less adventurous. In the case of the proponent, it required some form of learning before sashimi was even considered palatable. The first step in eating is the visual message that one gets from looking at food. Then the olfactory nerves kick in to let the person taste the food through smell. Then the final phase is the actual eating wherein the taste buds give the final judgement whether the food is good or bad. In the case of the non-Japanese consumer of sashimi, the first thing that he or she has to adjust to is the fact that there is no aroma coming from the kitchen when sashimi is the main course or the appetizer. Secondly, there is the need to have a change in perspective because the fish is raw; it is fresh yet still it is raw. Finally, one has to learn to appreciate the taste of raw fish dipped into soy sauce with a potent green mixture called wasabi. Cognitive-Social Learning Why would a person eat raw fish when he could have it deep fried or order something that was cooked over hot coals. The Japanese may have a valid explanation but for a European who would order sashimi in a local sushi bar there is one possible reason for this behaviour and this is the influence of mass media as well as the link to Japanese food and affluence. Others may have been drawn to it for the sake of adventure. In the case of the proponent it is the little of both. There is curiosity as to why businessmen and seemingly important persons in the community would eat this kind of food. There is also that sense of adventure of eating raw fish. This means that for cognitive-social learning, it is not just about the stimulus that one can get from the environment but ideas, knowledge, suggestions that comes from the physical and social environment (University Twente, Netherlands, 2004). In this case the mass media was the one who perpetuated the idea that sashimi and the consumption of Japanese cuisine is the mark of th
Koran is the Book of Islam that was revealed to Muhammad between 610-632. The holy Book promotes belief in the oneness of Allah, encourages one to indulge in remembrance of Allah, be charitable to the poor, be clean and moral in thought and actions, be honest and fair in one’s trades, and establish harmony in society as a whole. The Koran touches upon almost every aspect of life. Before the revelation of the Koran, Arabia was lost in ignorance, and women were traded like goats and mistreated severely. It was Koran that elevated the status of women while still emphasizing that women are of a slightly lesser status than men. The Koran says: “And women shall have rights similar to the rights against them, according to what is equitable; but man has a degree (of advantage as in some cases of inheritance) over them” (2:228). The Koran, thus, allows the men to have more than one wife at one time. The right is granted on the condition that all wives are treated equally. Interpreters of the Koran justify this as facilitation to the society where there may be more women than men and the men, by marrying more than once, will be supporting his wives. The Koran lays down the conditions: “If you deem it best for the orphans, you may marry their mothers – you may marry two, three, or four. If you fear lest you become unfair, then you shall be content with only one or with what you already have. Additionally, you are thus more likely to avoid financial hardship.” (4:3) However, polygamy is not encouraged by Koran. The door is just open. The Koran repeatedly discourages polygamy: “You can never be equitable in dealing with more than one wife, no matter how hard you try. Therefore, do not be so biased as to leave one of them hanging ( neither enjoying marriage nor left to marry someone else ). If you correct this situation and maintain righteousness, GOD is Forgiver, Most Merciful.” (4:129) The marriage laws are clear. A woman must marry in order to protect her piety. All individuals are encouraged to marry in order to maintain a harmonious society. Fornication is considered a sin, and people must bond in a lawful way in order to indulge in sexual activities. “…when you have given them their dowries, taking (them) in marriage, not fornicating nor taking them for paramours in secret; and whoever denies faith, his work indeed is of no account, and in the hereafter, he shall be one of the losers.” (5:5) Divorce should be the last resort in case of disagreements among spouses. A woman, at most times, is irrational, and if she is given the right to annul the marriage, she might do so at the smallest issue. A man should, however, be given the right with conditions ruling his ability to exercise his right. Divorce has been strongly condemned by the Koran an
Introduction In his youth, M. Dell noticed that the computer industry had great potential but what he was quick to realize was that during that period customers had to pay huge amounts of money and could only expect poor services. His entrepreneurial spirit incited him to start rebuilding the computers he had bought and try to sell them to others. The author mentions three golden rules at Dell that, in a way, represent a core of Dell’s business philosophy. The first one is that a large inventory is never a good thing. He justifies the claim by the fact that in the IT industry values of the products decrease tremendously fast. For that reason having a large inventory is a very bad idea because the longer the goods stay in the firm they lose their value. In addition, having that many goods are very expensive even if the goods did not lose their value because of the huge maintenance costs. Main text This is accomplished through their second and third main principles. The second main principle is constant contact with customers through market surveys, call centers, internet sites, and support. Basically, the entire concept of Dell is centered around the customers because they can provide information about what types of devices are needed at the moment as well as what can be improved on currently existing ones. That way the company can plan the production and avoid having huge inventories. The third principle derives from the second and that is never to have intermediaries and always sell the products directly to the customers. The benefits of this approach are twofold, having no intermediary buyers makes business simpler and more importantly, it presents an obstacle for getting feedback from the customer quickly. The first very important logistical principle that Dell used was segmentation. It is crucial in quickly growing companies to divide increasing responsibilities because it is the only way to achieve sustainable growth. It is important to decentralize the company and reduce the workload of employees once it gets too big because too great responsibilities increase the risk of failure. Secondly, Dell’s Direct Model, v1.1 represents great logistic strength. Its aim was to reduce the inventory inefficiency by eliminating the reseller and establishing more direct contact with the customers in order to get more precise information about what is needed on the market so that they could make it and sell it quickly without huge inventories. Supplier management is the third very important logistic advantage that Dell has. They insist that the suppliers deliver the parts quickly and according to the precisely defined standards in terms of quality and quantity but also accurate timing. If a company wants to have quick production and selling of their goods it has to organize the supply impeccably. Conclusion There are also g
Introduction The recent rise in crime incidents highlights the social problem of youth crime in the Western countries, including the United States. While the rise in crime rates can be attributed to many factors, the broader economic and social forces shape youth crime in these countries. In particular, factors such as social inequality, poverty, and social exclusion influence, directly or indirectly, most of the criminal activities and youth violence. In the same context, White and Cunneen in the chapter, ‘Social Class, Youth Crime and Justice’ discuss these social problems and their implications for policy. The discussion in the chapter revolves around two main issues: the impact of social class on youth criminalization and the impact of globalization on social inequality. The authors argue that the prevailing social and economic structures are creating an “impoverished and socially disadvantaged” youth contributing to a rise in crime (White, and Cunneen 17). A connection between social exclusion, economic inequality and the rise in crime is established in this chapter. The problem of social exclusion and economic inequality, influence the youth criminal tendencies. Social Class and Crime Tendencies The chapter provides an analysis on how social classes arise among the youthful population. Most importantly, it enhances our understanding of how social stratification arises in a political, social and economic context especially with regard to the formulation of legislations and distribution of resources. This entrenches class exclusion in two ways; economically and through biased criminalization practices. The class issue among the youth depends highly on resource availability at family or community level. The resources allow the family or community to provide adequate social support to the young people, which in turn reduce their tendency to engage in crime. In particular, resource availability determines the youth lifestyles, their level of education and their type of employment. However, the state, the market and the social networks influence resource availability hence their impact on social class. Most notable is their impact on youth employment. Most often, the problem of youth unemployment breeds other social problems especially crime. The prevalent political and economic factors lead to increased economic polarization between the rich and the poor. As a result, most communities are increasingly becoming i