ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The concept of sin is one of the leading themes in the Bible, and this doctrine is central in the Christian faith. Although the meaning of this term might differ among biblical texts, in a broader sense, it can be understood as an offense against God and his purpose for humanity and the world (Balentine et al. 311). Throughout the Scriptures, sin is portrayed as the main tool that the devil employs to oppose God and, ultimately, to destroy humanity. It can also be broadly defined as any action that is wrong, “all unrighteousness is sin” ( The Bible. Authorized King James Version, 1 John 5:17). The main goal of this paper is to study the development of the idea of sin throughout the Bible and to discuss the differences between the interpretations of this concept in various biblical texts. There are at least ten different Hebrew words used in the Old Testament that translate into the English language as “sin.” The meanings of these words vary and might depend on the context in which they are used, but all of these terms mainly carry the idea of offense, transgression, or committing wrongs. The broad definition of the word might also include acts committed against God himself, harming other people, and disobedience to the laws and boundaries that God set for humankind (Balentine et al. 312). In Genesis, sinful behavior is presented as something that separates a person from God himself and from the way of life he originally intended for people, “your iniquities have separated you from your God; your sins have hidden his face from you” ( The Bible. Authorized King James Version, Gen. 20:3). This conflict is especially apparent in the story of Adam and Eve and the rebellion in Eden. In this text, the idealistic life in the fruitful garden that God created for his children ( The Bible. Authorized King James Version, Gen 2:15) is contrasted with the consequences of the disobedience to God and eventual expulsion of the first people from Eden ( The Bible. Authorized King James Version, Gen 3:23-24). Similar to the Old Testament, the New Testament contains many different terms and metaphors for sin. The researchers have put together a list of 30 words that refer to this idea (Balentine et al. 318). One of the most general definitions of the concept of sin that can be found in the New Testament goes as following, “whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for
My favorite entrepreneur is Barry Hawkins. I chose Hawkins as a very unique entrepreneur because he quit his professional job as a college tutor and started a unique entrepreneurial business. Many people could not believe what he was doing could earn him any penny. People thought he had a mental problem. Believe me, Hawkins started a mobile pet washing and grooming business. He was doing all this in his old van that he repainted and equipped it with everything he needed to do this job. Hawkins moved from house to house to render this special service in his neighborhood. He had a passionate love for pets especially dogs which were almost kept in every home, he, therefore, found this job very interesting indeed. However, he did have a lot of problems with his family for taking this crazy idea his wife left him leaving behind their seven years old daughters. Life was not that easy at first but after a few weeks, everybody in his neighborhood was asking for his contacts for his service to their dear pets! He made a lot of cash in three months and almost all the shampoo manufacturing companies wanted him to advertise their products in the media. He became very famous in the whole city of New York. These made him expand his business to other cities and his company became registered which employed 3000 people many of whom were immigrants from politically troubled countries. In three years his company ‘Hawkins Pets Care'(HPC), was one of the most successful businesses of its kind which started selling its shares in the stock market! Hawkins became a billionaire and his employees were the best paid in their category. He became a celebrity in the U.S and everyone went for him for advice wherever they wanted to start a business. He built a huge tower in New York, ‘HAWKINS PLAZA’, which became the company’s headquarters. Hawkins did not forget the society, he knew that he could not have gone far by himself and therefore had a lot to give back to the society following his success. Together with his wife who came back after seeing her husband in the media for his success, they opened several rehabilitation centers and children’s homes for the orphaned children. He also supported the immigrants from war-torn countries by believing that were it not for their willingness to work for him he could not be that successf
Abstract This research project aims at finding out the real estate and construction sectors in Dubai. Currently Dubai is one of the emirates that form the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and currently it is the second largest emirate with massive economic opportunities after Abu Dhabi. Real estate sector in this emirate constitute the main economic artery that has resulted into transformation of the once desert country. Nevertheless evidence shows that with the change in property freehold rights, the emirate real estate sector experience boom until early 2008 before crashing and currently efforts are in gear to revive the sector. More so, the contribution of major real estate companies to the economy of Dubai cannot be ignored and further studies shows that the companies are mega-economy boosters to Dubai economy. Therefore the conclusion of the research paper is that real estate sector is vital to Dubai economy and efforts to revive the sector from detriments of financial crises are necessary. Introduction Many people all over the world, in most instances, find it difficult to recognize that Dubai is a city and not a country. In viewing, studying or researching about Dubai, what comes in mind is that this is an independent country. In essence, this is not true, as Dubai constitute a prominent city in a country known as United Arab Emirates (Hill 2010). Geographically, Dubai is situated in a Persian Gulf country popularly known as United Arab Emirates (UAE), which, apart from having Dubai, has other six different emirates or principalities (Hill, 2010). The capital city of UAE is known as Abu Dhabi, and on large scale, the country is dominant in Islamic religion and culture. Population statistics from the country show that Dubai is the most populous of all the seven emirates with almost two million people (Hill, 2010). UAE economy depends much on oil and energy but data shows that Dubai’s economy depend less on these resources, and instead, much of the city’s economy depend on real estate and financial service industries together with tourism and trade (Hill 2010). Moreover, Dubai continues to draw the attention of the world due to its “bold and innovative real estate projects” (Hill, 2010, p.1). The emirate of Dubai experiences “hot climate, which is sometimes accompanied by humidity” (Hill, 2010). Notable warmest month is August that generally experiences a high temperature of 41.3
Introduction Kelly reviews the youth in today’s society as risks to be ‘Artifacts of Expertise’. He claims that the youths are prone to risks simply due to their limited knowledge. In the paper, Kelly suggests that: The messiness of human experiences and existence requires knowledge practices in the social sciences that can rethink what counts as truth. These interests – which are grounded in the knowledge practices that frame the work being undertaken in a large scale, qualitative investigation of the cultural drivers shaping the alcohol practices of 14 to 24 year old Australian’s (Kelly, 32) Example from a novel In reviewing Tim Winton’s novel ‘Breath’, Kelly suggests that Winton’s key characters in the novel sought for things that could make their lives less ordinary. Youth discourses especially about risks often mobilizes a form of normalizing, scientific, probabilistic thinking, about certain preferred adult futures and the present behaviors and dispositions of Youth (Kelly, 22-33). Kelly argues that these practices often cause a variety of immoral activities like indulgence in sexual activities, abuse of alcohol and other drugs, absenteeism from school and many others. These activities comes with dire consequences like unwanted pregnancies, abortion, arrests, dropping from school, lack of attentiveness to diet and physical activity. Kelly argues that all kinds of behaviors can be learnt partly or wholly through modeling. The politics of such discourses can be either good or bad according to the sort of reinforcement they attract (Kelly 22-33). The learning of aggressive behavior, which can be addressed using the social learning theory (used to predict and analyze delinquent behaviors among youth), is the best way we can use to think about this form of social regulation. Kelly asserts that delinquent youths have in their mind various activities that they may engage in and one way or the other what they choose is indicative of their psychological condition. Violence and aggressive behaviors are acquired from the people they associate with. He argues that when an aggressive behavior holds no adverse consequences, the observer is likely to indulge in it with relish. Criminal behavior Delinquency among the youth is fuelled through modeling from close associates who have created a great impact on the individual. Most of the time such models are; parents who have engaged in violent behavior as the adolescent watched or parents who have inflicted pain and suffering through violent behavior to the adolescent, and also friends of the adolescent who engage in subversive behaviors which are rewarded and not punished. This is normally referred to as, peer influence. The reason why parents hold such significance in the social learning process is that; they are the primary care takers of the adolescent and are charged with the responsibility of guiding, instilling, and directing good behavior on their children. Therefore, the children look up to them for guidance on what is right or wrong. Consequently; what a parent justifies as right is considered right in the eyes of the child. Through such reasoning, the child ends up acq
MSG is a common flavor enhancer that is widely used in the global food industry. Although MSG is thought to have an optimal safety profile, it has also been linked to high blood pressure at high levels. This is based on a cross-sectional study conducted by He at. Al (2011). Other diseases linked to MSG intoxication include Type II Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. MSG is an etiologic agent with an incubation period of less than 1 hour. The most common symptoms of MSG food-borne illness include tightness in the chest, a burning sensation, dizziness, nausea, flushing, and headache. These symptoms last less than 1 day. Chinese foods have been identified as the key carrier for MSG intoxication (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Since food-borne illnesses are increasingly linked to cases of mortality, morbidity and economic loss, there is a dire need to examine preventive measures to avoid an epidemic. In the United States alone, food borne illnesses account for between 33 and 76 million cases annually. On the other hand, food-borne illnesses reportedly cause between 5 and 9 thousand deaths annually (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). So far, there have been scanty details on the prevalence, incidence, mortality, and morbidity rates of MSG-induced food-borne illness. Reporting of the incidence and prevalence of MSG food-borne illness varies from one region to another. Cases of underreporting are also high. Less than 1 case of MSG-induced food-borne illness is reported annually for every 100 000 persons. The food-borne illness agent also leads to undesirable negative economic consequence in the form of lost wages, litigation, medical costs, investigations, and recall. Many studies have thus far been carried out with a view to evaluate the potential role of MSG in food hypersensitivity. However, most of these studies have not succeeded in replicating the adverse effects reported by majority of the people as regards MSG ingestion. Towards this end, researchers have undertaken numerous research studies to measure blood pressure and heart rates of such individuals. However, these studies have failed to identify variations in the aforementioned parameters between individuals fed with a placebo and those fed with foods containing MSG (U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2012). Many individuals who claim to be sensitive to MSG exhibit such symptoms as nausea and headache after consuming foods containing MSG. However, according to the research findings commissioned by the FDA it is not possible to systematically induce reactions from such people when fed with either a placebo or foods containing MSG (U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2012). The most common symptoms reported included numbness, palpitations, headache, and drowsiness. These symptoms are common among sensitive persons who t
Introduction Community colleges are marred with inefficiency in leadership, problems in financial administration, changes in technology usage and other challenges. It is therefore imperative for these institutions to embrace change in order for them to remain viable in the distant or near future. Nonetheless, sustainability cannot be achieved without a struggle; community colleges need to prepare for this change. The paper shall look at the challenges that lay ahead for these establishments in different areas of their functioning. Management trends and challenges A number of analysts have asserted that community colleges lack sound management structures and this is often depicted through weak delivery systems prevalent within such organizations. On top of this, students lack adequate support services. Their operations are rarely subjected to scrutiny and they seldom reflect the rate at which the country’s population is changing. More often than not, even the general purpose for establishing these community colleges is often forgotten. This implies that the future looks bleak for these organizations unless something is done quickly to change them. At the root of this management crisis is failure in leadership. If there is firm leadership, then actions will be well planned and strongly executed. In order for this to occur, then community colleges must address the challenge of accessing transformational leaders. As is the case currently, the number of candidates who are either ready or willing to become community college leaders is drastically reducing. This is depicted by the high rate of turnover in community college administration staff. (Duree, 2009) Studies carried out by the Association for community colleges in 2001 revealed that approximately fifty percent of community college leaders planned to leave their positions in six years time. In this year – 2009 – it has been found that the numbers have plummeted to about seventy five percent. Participants in this survey said that they would leave their community college administrative positions in three years time. These statistics are quite alarming and therefore present a huge problem for the future of community colleges. To add insult to injury, it is a known fact that a large portion of persons who take up presidential positions in community colleges are the institutions’ chief instructional officers. This would have been workable if there were significant age differences between these two types of positions. However, research has shown that the gap between them is reducing thus creating a leadership vacuum. This is likely to increase if
Introduction The motivation of workers is one of the top priorities for both managers and leaders. These professionals have to find ways of making employees more committed to the goals set by the organization. Yet, in many cases, they cannot cope with this task. This paper is aimed at illustrating the difficulties in motivating people at the workplace. Such a film as Office Space directed by Mike Judge (1999) can throw light on the challenges that can be faced by business administrators when they try to enhance employees’ commitment to their work. Moreover, these examples that are presented in this movie can be connected to various theories of motivation, for instance, equity theory of motivation, ERG (Existence, Relations, Growth) model and reinforcement theory of motivation. Overall, it is possible to argue that an individual can be sufficiently motivated if the work is relevant to his/her talents and interests. Moreover, empowerment is also critical for the internal motivation of an employee. In contrast, only by relying on rewards and punishments, a business administrator cannot engage workers. There are several pitfalls that should be avoided, for instance, continuous routine, excessive supervision, and failure to recognize the individual achievements of workers. Managerial problems explored in Office Space The film Office Space portrays the culture of an IT company called Initech in which bureaucratic rules and paperwork stifle every initiative of employees who just have to cope with daily routine. In many cases, they simply pretend to work. Peter Gibbons, who is the main character of this movie, is dissatisfied with his work experience. To a great extent, this discontent can be attributed to the excessive supervision that bears no relevance to his work (Judge 1999). For instance, he has to submit the same report to three managers, while he can summarize in several sentences the work that he did in the past. Moreover, one can mention that many of the managers use extremely evasive language in order to conceal the fact that they rely only on coercion as their source of power. For instance, Bill Lumbergh, who is the Vice President of the division says, “Oh, oh, and I almost forgot. Ahh, I’m also gonna need you to go ahead and come in on Sunday, too” (Judge 1999). He does not want to state directly that Peter will have to work over the weekend. Instead, he tries to sound very casually as though he does not coerce an employee. This information is critical for understanding some of the main problems that affect this organization. It has to be admitted that a cinematographic work cannot be viewed as rigorous empirical evidence. Nevertheless, they can throw light on the emotions and motives of characters (Smith 2009). Moreover, in this way, one can illustr
Introduction The answer is yes, Big Banks President can rescind the contract under the following special circumstances. In the law of contracts, when a contract is rescinded, it means that the two parties to the contract have been relieved of their obligation in relation to the initial contract entered in the initial agreement. Mutual rescission In some cases, in the law of contracts, the two parties may be discharged from their obligations in an agreement to carry out a consideration either in terms of money or otherwise if before its performance, the two parties mutually agree to follow a new agreement after the completion of an initial agreement through mutual assent. In this case, both parties involved are relieved of their contractual obligations. This is possible even if the contract has express or implied instruction suggesting on the contrary. In this case, there are facts that must be alleged and proved beyond any reasonable doubt, whether the contract is oral or written. Form of the contract The form of the contract can either be written or oral, provided that the circumstances of the contract can be proved; the actions of the parties to the contract will not matter as they can be express or implied. The law of contracts on rescission prevails; regardless of the form of the contract provided, there is consideration and supporting circumstances as evidence. Assent All the parties to the contract must agree on the action to be taken through mutual agreement. This can only be evident when there is a meeting of the both parties. In some cases, one of the parties may repudiate the contract, and the second party impliedly takes the repudiation as a counter offer leading to a rescission of the contract. It should, however, be noted that this must be clearly expressed. Consideration An agreement between the parties to rescind the contract must be supported by sufficient consideration in terms of an inducement with money or otherwise. Unless one of the parties to the contract carries out his/her part of the agreement, he or she must be adequately compensated without any favors. Operation and effect In the event that there is rescission of the contract, none of the parties will benefit from the deal and gain more than what he/she has invested in carrying out the contract. None of the parties shou
Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains one of the main challenges of global public health. “Once considered a lethal diagnosis, HIV infection came to be seen as a chronic, manageable condition with the discovery of antiretroviral therapies in the mid-1990s” (Hammack et al., 2018). Recently, several recent studies have claimed that diagnoses of HIV have declined in the last decade in the United States. Nonetheless, increases in HIV diagnosis are affected by test rates, delays in diagnoses, and infection levels, and should, therefore, be reviewed following current estimates of HIV incidence (Hall et al. 2017). For this review, articles were chosen with keywords including “HIV,” “USA,” and “tendency,” or “current.” These keywords were then combined, and a search strategy was completed, including databases such as PLOS and JAIDS. Articles from the past four years were included in this search and included studies as well as systemic reviews and meta-analyses. The themes in this synthesis are HIV trends in the US, condom use for HIV prevention, mortality of HIV-infected individuals, knowledge of PrEP, and HIV testing. Discussion of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature Assessment and Screening Auerbach, Kinsky, Brown, and Charles, (2015) examined PrEP’s acceptability and feasibility among women at risk for HIV in the US. The setting for this evaluation was a focus group of 144 at-risk females in six US cities. Although only around 10% of the women were familiar with PrEP before the study, they expressed keen interest in using it. A majority of participants stated concern that they have not been familiar with such HIV prevention method before, as not even their doctors informed them about PrEP existence. Hence, the study concluded that US women view PrEP as an essential prevention option; however, there is a lack of informing among women about the availability of such a protection method. A study by Coghill, Pfeiffer, Shiels and Engels (2017) investigated excess mortality among HIV-infected individuals who have cancer, using quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The study revealed that “overall mortality in patients with both HIV and cancer was significantly higher than expected based on mortality rates for each disease separately” (Coghil et al. 2017). One of the key messages in this article were excess mortality of patients with both diagnoses was the most common for individuals below 50. Furthermore, it was found that race and cancer type does affect the mortality rates of young males with HIV. “The study concluded that death rates of patients with both HIV and cancer was significantly higher than for each disease separately” (Coghil et al. 2017). Hall et al. (2017) examined the recent progress toward reducin