ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Maynard Keynes, a British economist born on June 5 th , 1983 brought such a revolution in the field of economics and politics that today modern economic fiscal and monetary policies are based upon his ‘Keynesian Economics’. His interest in economics initiated while part of his preparation for the civil service entrance examination of 1905, when he attributed very low marks in economics and according to Harrod (1951) “at least Keynes knew more economics than my examiners do” (Harrod, 1951, p. 121). While working as a civil servant, Keynes started working on a dissertation in 1905 which he attempted to utilise mathematics theory of probability that later he applied to unique events in a social context. In 1907 when it got completed after successfully resubmitting for his Cambridge fellowship, his further work was delayed till 1914 after which he published “ A Treatise on Probability” in 1920 (Steele, 2001, p. 2). After spending two years as a civil servant in the India Office and two years as a university lecturer at Cambridge, Keynes was elected to obtain for a fellowship at King’s College in 1910. Being a valuable member of the Royal Commission of Indian Finance and Currency, he published “Indian Currency and Finance” in 1913. Keynes published work “The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money” (1936) has had considered to be the most influential in moulding the thinking of professional economists and public policy makers than any other book in the whole history of economic thought in a comparable number of years. (Dillard, 1948, p. 1). Keynes’s fundamental insight was that we are unable to calculate or assume our economic future therefore in such a world money offers psychological security against uncertainty. When uncertainty arises, people become pessimistic about future prospects and they could possibly decide to hoard their savings rather than invest
The film ‘Ordinary People’ by Frederick Miller is one of the most critically developed movies, in which its in-depth analysis has been quite influential in teaching psycho-dynamic psychotherapy with teenagers. The contextual development of the film revolves round a well off family which is in its efforts to re-adjust into normal life after their only living son, Conrad, as he recovers from intriguing mental disturbances. Since childhood, Conrad, who is the main character remains isolated from his family and friends, triggering him to seek psychiatrist services from Dr. Berger. After interrogating the boy for a lengthy period, Dr. Berger comes to learn how Conrad has been suffering from suffering from stress disorders and ‘survivor’s guilt conscience’, after killing his own brother Bucker out of envy (Miller, 1999). As revealed in the film, Conrad emerges as experiencing a lot of hatred from his mother, against his expectation of being loved by his own mother, despite his unending struggles to win her love. The special effects of Dr. Berger on Conrad are very much recommendable in the way he introduces him into the world of being social and happy again, and also making him perceive the real world in different perceptions (Miller, 1999). Generally, the film signifies the power of counseling and guidance to individuals with mood and anxiety disorders, where Conrad who is brought out as a victim of stress and depression emerges as a stress free individuals and comes to social terms again. Analysis of the Mood and Anxiety Disorders Experienced by Conrad From the film, it is clear that Conrad’s reactions towards his family members are normal since the circumstances in which he is exposed are responsible for his behavior. More specifically, Conrad’s feelings of being isolated from his family, and subsequently lack of family love constitutes of his antisocial behavior and aloofness (Meyerhoff, 2010). Considering the preceding competition between him and his brother, Buck, for their mother’s love and recognition, Conrad feels strongly hated and useless when he fails to win his mother love, while his brother does. It is his failure to win his mother’s love which culminates to the development of antisocial behavior through unconscious motifs, leading him to throw his brother in water unintentionally. Unaware of the impact of not reciprocating her son’s love, Conrad’s, the mother triggers the mood disorders experienced by Conrad, who later kills his brother, though unintentionally (Myers, 2009). It can be argued that, the way Conrad treated his brother and subsequently withdrawing from the entire family is normally expected in cases where young people are exposed to situations which Conrad had been exposed into.
Introduction There are various market forces that affect the production of goods and services or the offering of services by an institution. These forces can originate from internal or external influence. The number of employees in a company is subject to change due to some leaving for other jobs, death, retirement, being fired or expansion of the company. For the company to maintain or increase the returns, the outgoing workers need to be replaced by competent personnel. The replacement process should be undertaken with a lot of care to ensure that qualified and most productive workers are recruited. This recruitment exercise is mainly the responsibility carried out by top management and is specifically directed to the human resource department. This paper seeks to critically analyze and evaluate recruitment of new employees in a company and make sound arguments why theories, models or concepts on recruitment are effective. Good analysis of comparing and contrasting views on recruitment will be given. Recruitment Recruitment is basically aimed at taking in new employees for specific roles which will assist in the achievement of the speculated goals and objectives of a company. The recruitment process can be faced with challenges especially when there is a shortage of people with the required skills and knowledge. The managers should recruit the most efficient and productive candidates for the job because the recruitment of inefficient and unproductive personnel will most definitely affect the productivity of a company. Most managers do not undergo training on recruitment and the process is mainly based on past experiences and learning from other managers. Sometimes training on how to carry out an interview process is undertaken and it should always be taken as this will ensure that the best employees are picked. Ensuring that those delegated the duty of carrying out the interview exercise does it well is important as it is one of the ways to ensuring that a company has the right staff. Recruitment Process The recruitment process starts from the moment a vacant position is declared in an institution. The management usually undertakes the role of outlining the qualification expected of the person to take up position. This is mainly done by the human resource department. The announcement for the position can be made internally, externally or both. The prospective candidates should send their applications with relevant documents. After receiving the applications, the management usually critically analyses them, sorts them out and eventually shortlists the successful candidates for the interview. After under taking the interview, the management usually analyses the interview results and successful candidates are appointed. These new employees usually undertake training in the company to inform and give guidelines to them on whatever is expected of them. This is usually aimed at improving their skills and knowledge on the field and th
The main idea of the article is the current problem regarding the growing number of elderly prisoners in Florida’s prisons ( Florida’s Aging Prisoner Problem , 2014). Despite the fact that crime rates have decreased significantly, the number of prisoners is increasing fast. This rapid increase poses a threat to the proper care of elderly prisoners. The rapid increase means that prisoners will require more medical care, which will hike the costs of running prisons. The author argues that it is important for the government of Florida to implement policies that will deal with the problem ( Florida’s Aging Prisoner Problem , 2014). The Department of Corrections is already struggling and in need of reforms. In addition, the author notes that the problem needs a flexible solution that will lower the costs of caring for prisoners and avoid the probability of jeopardizing public safety. According to estimates, the population of the elderly in Florida prisons will increase to 25, 000 by the year 2015 ( Florida’s Aging Prisoner Problem , 2014). This will increase the cost of providing quality health care to prisoners. Consequently, taxpayers will be required to pay more money to the criminal justice system. The article presents several recommendations for solving the problem. The current number of elderly prisoners stands at 4,100 ( Florida’s Aging Prisoner Problem , 2014). This increase will have great financial implications because the annual health care cost for an elderly prisoner is approximately $11,000 ( Florida’s Aging Prisoner Problem , 2014). If the problem is not addressed swiftly, it might create more problems that will have far-reaching economic implications. I chose the article because it deals with a critical budgeting issue facing an important area of criminal justice in Florida State. Prisoner correction is an important area of the criminal justice system that aims to improve public security and safety. The article is relevant because it explores a problem that needs to be addressed swiftly. In addition, the problem has severe financial implications on the welfare of taxpayers who are under stress to pay more taxes in order to adequately fund the Department of Corrections. Finally, I chose the article because it makes reference to a study conducted that offers statistics regarding the extent of the problem. The author makes several recommendations aimed at mitigating the problem. First, conducting a thorough study of the cost implications regarding the rapid increase of the elderly population is critical. This is necessary because it will enable policymakers to implement policies to cater to the needs of the new population. The author cites the recommendations of a report titled “Florida’s Aging Prisoner Problem” that recommends several method
The impact of the Cold War on the social and economic conditions of inhabitants in the USSR and the USA has been a hot topic of debate among critics. It is often argued that, because the Cold War referred more to political tensions between these two entities as opposed to a hot war, it had a minor impact on the livelihood of people in both countries. However, I disagree. In this essay, I will argue that social discord and fear projected through propaganda, draconian laws imposed by Stalin, as well as the economic sanctions on businesses in the USSR at the height of the Cold War, all contributed to making a severe impact on the lives of those caught up in the conflict. One of the consequences of the Cold War for the lives of USSR civilians was the discord in the Soviet society. It resulted from the Soviet propaganda, according to which, the West was a concentration of reactionary bourgeois forces; the U.S. was stated to aim for world domination, and the Great Britain was stated to be the junior partner of America. On the other hand, the USSR was supposedly the bastion of progress. Interestingly, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was pictured as the center of both patriotism and internationalism, and these two traits were widely propagated simultaneously; furthermore, the cosmopolitism, the ideology of world citizenship, was branded as a “bourgeois” phenomenon and battled. It was proclaimed that the patriots of the Soviet Union should watch out for “retarded elements,” individuals who favored the other political camp and were supposedly the remnants of the pre-Soviet Tsarist autocracy. In particular, the members of the intelligentsia were proclaimed as especially susceptible to the Western propaganda, and simple Soviet citizens were supposed to watch out for any signs of corruption. Thus, on the one hand, people were taught to blindly obey the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and to practically worship its leaders (Joseph Stalin, then, after his death in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev). On the other hand, intimidated by the “image of the enemy,” people were supposed to battle “anti-Soviet elements” among their own, and especially among the more educated members of the population. Therefore, considerable social discord was sown by this propaganda. Another problem was related to the strict legal policies of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; many of the oppressive legal acts which emerged during that period
Greek mathematics refers to the texts typically written during and when ideas stem from the Archaic through the Roman and Hellenistic eras. The work of the famous and great Ancient Greek mathematicians has played a vital role in permeating every aspect, section, and part of life, especially from the sector of sending the rockets into space, accounting, architecture, and even in the DIY field. In addition, the Greek deductive technique is regarded as one of the most crucial and most incredible legacies that came into this world. It is also considered as one of the primary foundations of modern society. Remarkably, the concept of deduction has played a vital role in setting ancient Greek mathematics apart from ancient Egyptian arithmetics. The Greeks copied many of the methods and techniques from the Babylonians and the Egyptians. Nonetheless, the Greeks were among the first to make maths a realm of theory through reasoning and the deduction concept rather than measurement (Fraser & Schroter, 2019). In Egypt, most citizens primarily wanted to use maths for practical purposes. An example is that they were not interested and bother to find the exact pi figure, and as long as their purposes and uses were achieved, an approximate figure was adequate. Nevertheless, in Egypt, the mathematical concepts and principles were based and built around the addition. The Greeks and Egyptians had and used different mathematical principles. The latter primarily focused on the practical arithmetic principle or concept, while their counterparts concentrated mainly on the mathematical concepts, regulations, and ideas (McClellan III & Dorn, 2006). However, most historians believe that the Egyptians did not perceive numbers as abstract quantities, but they primarily thought of a collection of eight items, especially when this number was mentioned. Therefore, the Egyptians opted to invent tricky methods to overcome this shortcoming because most of their numbers were not appropriate for multiplication, as clearly illustrated in the Rhind papyrus. The ancient Egyptians also utilized a wide range of mathematical concepts and principles. These included the numeral system that played vital role in helping the counting process and solving the written mathematical problems that often entail fractions and multiplications (McClellan III & Dorn, 2006). The great pyramid of Egypt was also constructed with the aid of the Golden Ratio proportions mathematical concept. However, most of the evidence in ancient Egyptian mathematics is limited to the fact that there
Introduction Over the years, the recognition of health IT as an essential requirement for improved delivery of health care services has continued to grow quite hysterically. Also referred to as health information systems, health IT has so much to offer as far as patient health care provision is considered (IOM, 2012). It is thus imperative to completely do away with the traditional approach to medical problems so as to realize a radical transformation in the medical sector. Embracing the use of technology will boost the performance of the health sector in terms of research, production of medicine, diagnosis, treatment, and follow up. This paper considers various aspects of health IT as well as patient safety concerns in relation to the use of information technology. Health IT and Patient Health Issues Patient safety is a subset of medical study that looks at the use of safe techniques by health care providers in the course of delivering health care services to patients (Reason, 2000). The goal of patient safety in heath care delivery is usually to win the confidence of patients regarding the use of health IT. An assumption by many health care providers is that health IT improves the effectiveness of medical diagnosis as well as treatment and consequently the safety of patients (Savage & Ford, 2008). IOM (2012) also argued that health IT creates a great opportunity for health care providers to offer services with better safety considerations when compared to the use of paper based systems. For improved health care to be realized therefore, the use of technology should be embraced at all levels in the medical sector albeit with caution (Amalberti, Auroy & Berwick, 2005). According to Vincent (2011), patient health IT issues may result from treatment complications, poor quality of health information systems, patients being made to undergo unnecessary treatment, wrong diagnosis, and failed systems. Dealing with Patient Safety Issues In order to effectively deal with safety issues affecting patients, there is need to continually keep track of the acquisition, implementation, and maintenance of the health information systems (Schoenbaum & Bovbjerg, 2004). From inception, it is critical for the designers of health IT systems to go about the whole design process bearing in mind that the safety of patients always comes first. In addition, the design process must be guided by strict guidelines so as to reduce or altogether eliminate possibilities of errors in the systems. The systems must be thoroughly tested before being rolled out for use by heal
Ethical issues of genetically modified foods Genetically modified foods (GMOs) have come with the advancement in biotechnology. Pro and cons have been put forward regarding the use of GMOs. Ethical issues have been raised concerning GMOs due to their potentially harmful effects on humans and the environment as well as animals. Genetic modification could harm organisms and cause things like mutations. There is no guarantee that the future organisms will remain stable in the modified form or changes will occur that might be unpleasant. It would therefore be unethical to take such a chance on organisms. Moreover, tampering with the genetic composition of plants could lead to the cross-breeding that would cause more harm than good. For instance, what would happen if weeds got herbicides resistant components? How would the farmers control the weeds? Would they end up harvesting low yields due to uncontrollable weeds? Moreover, genetically modified plants could harm organisms that are not directly linked with genetic modification such as insect pollinators. There is fear that insects such as bees could bring about the emergence of insects that are resistant to insecticides due to coming in contact with the genetically modified pollen. The new breed of insects would spread the disease to humans and animals (Weighing the GMO Arguments, 2003). Apart from the mix-up of genes and mutations of resistant organisms, GMOs could threaten the survival of local farmers. The private sector that dominates the biotechnology field can come up with genetically modified seeds that farmers cannot afford due to high prices. Also, some of the plants that the local farmers grow are very important in conserving and balancing the environment and there is fear that with genetic modification indigenous plants may be lost and become extinct to the detriment of the environment (Weighing the GMO Arguments, 2003). Pesticides and health problems Pesticides can bring about health problems as laboratory studies show. For instance cancer, nerve damage, and risk to children such effects are chronic toxicity because they take a while to manifest. Acute toxicity occurs when people react immediately to the pesticides such as developing an allergy, irritation, skin problems, and so on. Children are more prone to health issues related to pesticides because their internal organs are immature and are more likely to p
Life in general in Paris during the restoration of the nineteenth century was complicated: both bohemian and regimented, depending upon the social circles and environment of the resident. The July 1930 Revolution overthrew Charles X, the last of the Bourbons, and placed Louis Philippe I on the throne. The actual living environment in Paris was both interesting and potentially dangerous. It was safe in the sense that there was little power above the middle class, especially above the bourgeois, the merchant class, who worked but also owned the means of production. It was also safe in that the occupying elite army exerted considerable control over the lower classes, keeping their activities with reason. In addition, Paris had attracted a highly multicultural population and was a constantly stirring bed of political and philosophical thought. The renaissance in Europe had developed language and art to a high degree and the political uprisings and social problems of Early nineteenth-century Paris, after the July revolution made it once again relatively safe, pushed artists to express ideas as a reaction to the overall climate of change that was overtaking Europe. (Taylor, 1950, 47-66) Change produces tension, and tension, within a reasonably safe environment, produces art. By July 1830, Paris had been through many different political regimes and had seen Charles become a wasteful despot. Once deposed, Louis Philippe was established as a constitutional monarch. This was the completion, in essence, of the bourgeois revolution of 1789. Women had seen the gains of the revolution vanish under Napoleon, and the July Monarchy did little to address this. Those who were still discontented became businesswomen or artists and writers like George Sand. (McPhee, Peter, 2004, 123) The first two years following the revolt were economically disastrous. However, Louis Philippe hung on, working with advisors to create a unity of purpose between himself and the remaining landed aristocracy, who held most of the votes. Within this climate, economic problems were dealt with, certain workers’ rights were validated. Technological changes were pushing large-scale industrialization and mechanized nation. This meant that workers were still paid low wages while their productivity makes more profit for the company. Workers wouldn’t put up with this, and with a union-like action, pushed for change. There was a large influx of population from everywhere. Some of these new immigrants were skilled workers, but many joined the lowest social class, getting by any way they could. The cholera epidemic of 1832 wiped out a generous portion of this population, recorded as about one in 20 as opposed to the much lower death rate, approximately 1%, am