ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many of us retain memories of our schoolteachers. Practically everyone had a teacher whose classes were a lot of fun to attend but were not teaching much. The same could be said for the strict disciplinarian that would never deviate from the common core even if the subject was history or literature. These teachers represent two opposite concepts – unbridled creativity that misses the point and repressive standards that kill any kind of original thought. Many curriculum programs these days tend to favor one or the other – either emphasizing creativity or forcing a rigorous set of standards in the name of efficiency. However, it does not have to be that way. To be successful, the curriculum is required to strike a balance between standards and creativity in a way they do not antagonize each other and instead coexist to produce the best possible learning experience (Craft, 2003). This paper will analyze three articles dedicated to the subject of creativity and standards. The first article is called “Student Creativity and the Common Core” written by Diane Rymer. Its focus is on the Common Core standards, and the perceived lack of creativity within them. The author gives us a definition of creativity as high-order thinking, required to solve difficult tasks. In her analysis, she emphasizes the necessity of the common core as necessary for a basic understanding of the subject, while reserving creativity for higher learning. Her suggestion is to provide the students with an opportunity for creativity and originality within existing standards by offering them tasks that allow the implementation of the learned skills in realistic scenarios (Rymer, 2013). The second article reviewed in this paper is called “Combining Creativity and Standards-Driven Instruction,” by the authorship of Anthony Colucci. As the name of the article suggests, the author promotes cooperation between the two concepts, rather than adopting one of them as a dominant. He formulates his ideas of integration through the C.R.E.A.T.E acronym, with the letters in it standing for Care, Respond, Expand, Add Art, Techniques, and Examples. There are several thoughts and ideas given under each point, which have the aim of helping a teacher make the students care for the subject, positively respond to education, and make them desire to expand their knowledge on their own. The point about Art suggests teaching the students to approach certain tasks artistically, while the Techniques stress out the importance of tools such as critical thinking. Examples are meant to bolster the student’s motivation by showing them how applicable the knowledge they receive would be in real life. These measures have the purpose of preventing the curriculum program from becoming detached from the real world and stay relevant for the students and their interests (Colucci, 2014). The third article is called “Creativity within the Common Core State Standards.” The author is Janelle Cox. Unlike the other two texts, which speak in general terms without providi
China is ranked as the third largest global economy after Japan and USA with an economy of $3.4 trillion in 2007 (Miller para. 5). Its current great economy can be linked to its adoption of strategic economic reform policies in late 1970s. These reforms were aimed at enhancing rural income and incentives, decrease central planning, promote experiments and business dependence. This approach for realizing these aims was referred as socialism. With the introduction of these reforms, the local peasant Chinese farmers were now at liberty to trade their farm produce in a free market. Similarly at the grassroots level, the municipalities and provinces were free to invest in industries they regarded as more profitable. This promoted them to invest in light manufacturing industry (Making It para. 4). This move was aimed at enhancing industrialization in the country and it succeeded to shift Chinese economy from agricultural based to light industry which was mainly for export. The adoption of light industry that required little capital to invest in was a very appropriate move of the Chinese. This is because the Chinese were able to use the income they received from their new venture to reinvest into more advanced technologies that were more rewarding and required higher capitals China economy is associated with very high level of investment over the years. Its entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001 was an important step in enhancing its economic growth to its current status. This is because it was able to expand its market niche by sharing in the foreign market and also being exposed to the global competition that required it to strategize its products very strategically to compete well in this stiff and very susceptible market (Laurenceson 3). In early 1990s the China manufacturing industry was only limited to assembly of low quality products. Due to the stiff competition that China predicted to face after joining global market in late 1990s it shifted its production from developing labor-intensive export oriented industries to high tech industries that were capital intensive. Therefore apart from the existence of a great output from the textile industries, china output now constitutes a great production of electronics goods such as mobile phones, automobiles and electric circuits. The success of Chinese economy is closely related
Introduction Outsourcing is the act of transferring some of an organization’s recurring internal activities and decision rights to outside providers, as set forth in a contract. Because the activities are recurring and a contract is used, outsourcing goes beyond the use of consultants. In other words, outsourcing can be defined as the process of shifting tasks and services previously performed in-house to outside vendors. As a matter of practice, not only are the activities transferred, but the factors of production and decision rights often are, too. Factors of production are the resources that make the activities occur and include people, facilities, equipment, technology, and other assets. On the other hand, decision rights are the responsibilities for making decisions over certain elements of the activities transferred. This paper looks at the reasons why most organizations outsource and the growth of outsourcing from the tradition to modern organizations. It also looks at the different levels of outsourcing and concludes by giving some of the benefits of outsourcing. Overview of Outsourcing Outsourcing is a management practice that has been going on for many centuries. However, it has gained popularity in the recent past and organizations are attempting to think about it as a new practice. It has certainly changed in shape and has taken a different form, although the concept remains the same. Although primitive prehistoric villagers would not have understood some terms like core competencies, outsourcing, and increase in productivity, the benefits were real and it is these that lie at the heart of many of the modern arguments referring to outsourcing. Modern organizations are nurtured by the outgrowth in division of labor meaning that organizations employ different individuals with different skills, competencies, and attributes. These individuals are hired to perform specific functions in the organization (Manning et al 2008). In the last century, few organizations had attempted to do everything themselves. There were always some products and services that came from outside suppliers and were never made in-house, and the boundaries between the two were flexible. Many diverse firms engage in intensive outsourcing. As outsourcing continues to grow in importance, its nature and focus is evolving. In the past, it is only the manufacturing industries that engaged in outsourcing but it has now been accepted in almost all industries including the service industry. It has also become a cross-national and global concept; for instance, it is estimated that about 40% of the entire automobile produced in North America came from the US, and much of this offshore supply is outsourced (Brown & Wilson, 2005
The reality television series Undercover Boss allows the owners of their businesses to explore the problems of employees from the view of a new worker. This show demonstrates the significance of human resource management and the ability of specialists to select and recruit suitable employees (Treven, 2017). For example, one of the episodes, called “Peavey Electronics,” revolves around an audio equipment manufacturing company and showcases such working positions as a shop assistant and a technician. It is important for employers to have a clear job description for every position. This paper aims to analyze the positions of a sales assistant and a circuit board technician and create job descriptions according to the results of the analysis. Job Analysis The first position, a shop assistant, is a position that involves working in a store, communicating with customers, and handling musical equipment. The second job, on the other hand, is mostly concentrated on the manufacturing process. Circuit board technicians check the quality of circuit boards, which become the main parts of the musical equipment after a successful inspection. While the first job is mostly focused on communication and marketing, the main goal of the second job is to monitor the quality of the products. The shop assistant is a position that requires interaction with customers. According to Cheramie, Fuller, Simmering, Marler, and Cox (2014), one-on-one conversation and surveys are the best methods to inquire information about this particular job. One-on-one conversations allow human resource managers to assess information about the employees’ skills and personal qualities and determine which personality traits and qualifications are the most important for this position. This job exists to ensure that the customers purchase the goods of the company and have enough information about the product’s main specifications. The main contribution of this post’s holder is his or her ability to assist a client and showcase a product in the best possible way. Shop assistants usually report to the manager or supervisor. The main tasks and operations include handling equipment in the store, maintaining equipment, consulting clients, and working at the cash register. The procedures for the position of a technician are rather repetitive. Thus, human resource managers can create a universal questionnaire
Background Disease outbreaks occur when infected individuals are allowed to mingle with healthy ones or if their contents get in contact and this means that quarantines are the best ways of managing these epidemics. Canada experienced a serious epidemic in 1952 when the foot and mouth disease broke out in a Saskatchewan firm and spread to the nearby counties. This condition took too long before it was controlled due to failure by various individuals to take corrective measures to manage it. The events that followed led to a $977,600 expenses that involved funds for compensating farmers and eradication campaigns. This led to the formation of a commission that interviewed various stakeholders in the ministry of agriculture to investigate what happened that led to the indiscriminate spread of the foot and mouth disease. Analysis Foot and mouth is a deadly disease that kills domestic and wild animals if they are not given immediate attention. Even though, Canada had fought this infecting a long time ago it has developed measures that ensure all animals and their products are properly tested to ascertain their health conditions. These include testing all animal [products entering Canada or moving from one firm to another and also testing their qualities before being processed for human consumption. the ministry of agriculture has research and testing departments that ensure emergencies are attended to without delays. However, this case study shows that none of the officers in charge of disease prevention took proper and timely steps to avert the spread of the epidemic. First, when Mr. Charles Blair noticed that his animals had blisters on their tongues, were not eating, and reduced their milk production he contacted the local veterinary department. The Indian Head veterinarian gave a prescription by telephone and did not outline precautionary measures. Even though he was on leave he should not have prescribed drugs for animals he had not examined. This shows irresponsibility and negligence and the wise thing to do would have been to contact his colleague and refer the matter to him. Also, the farmer did not request to know what he was supposed to do to avoid the spread of the disease to other animals and firms and that is why he invited his two neighbors to help. Later, their animals were also infected because the disease spread from Mr. Blair’s animals to theirs due to lack of preventive measures and this led to quarantine. Moreover, Dr. R. Thompson, the Veterinary Director in Regina showed complexity by allowing his
The introduction of the element of Logos, or logic, can be seen as one of the crucial stages in creating a compelling argument. In his draft of the Declaration of Independence and the further completed manuscript, Jefferson makes several appeals to logic that allow viewing the document as a legitimate statement and the foundation of the American justice system, as well as its democratic framework, in general. By emphasizing the notions of egalitarianism and the principles of natural law, Jefferson successfully appeals to logic and makes a convincing presentation of the crucial social and legal principles to his opposition. The use of logic is evident throughout the entire document, allowing Jefferson’s argument to be apparent to both his followers and his opposition. For instance, the mentioning of the fact that the country was at the time under the aegis of a tyrant and, therefore, could not provide the platform for freedom and justice to its residents was rendered. By presenting his conclusions in a logical and clear manner, Jefferson managed to convince all sides of the argument that fighting for independence was not only necessary but also inevitable. Due to the focus on the common good and the benefit of the nation, Jefferson made his argument very effective. Claiming that those desperate times called for desperate measures, Jefferson established the key reasons for refusing to follow the British rule.
The demonstration by the veteran elementary school teacher, Tim Bedley, on effective teaching techniques by engaging the learners in the learning process is an excellent show of carrying out peer learning. The setting of the classroom is commendable as it manipulates students’ habits and approaches to learning. Bedley’s class setting is organized, interesting, and filled with ease that enables smooth learning sessions. The students were comfortable in their sitting places and were able to move freely when going to their different groups. To save classroom space, posters, books, and the belongings of the students are next to the walls. Mr. Bedley had enough space to move in the classroom to check the progress of the activities of the groups. The diverse posters on the walls create conducive learning environment as it adds to the aesthetic appeal of the classroom. The students are thus made to have a sense of calmness. Mr. Bedley was able to keep an eye on all the students and the students were able to see the teacher without unnecessary turning. The classroom had adequate light that enabled proper exposure to the learning materials. The social environment of the classroom is good for academic work. The teacher promoted the social development of the students by dividing them into groups of four students per group. They could then interact with their peers in coming up with a collective decision on finding directions for kids for not reaching a consensus. The classroom atmosphere was filled with collaborative support between Mr. Bedley and his students. The class responds to him cheerfully in his characteristic way of calling them to attention. Social support is evident when he engages the students in critical thinking to find a solution to the problem they had been defeated to solve. To maintain the link between him and the students, Mr. Bedley often appraises them by saying ‘thank you. As the lesson progresses, the students are all attentive to listen to the teacher. They do not engage in useless talks that can capture their attention from the thought-captivating words that the veteran teacher says. The student-student interaction in the class is good as it facilitates the learning process. They engaged each o
Abstract The majority of medication errors can be traced to inadequate information background, gaps in nurse practitioner training, unsystematic nature of prescriptions, and administrative shortfalls. Upon closer inspection, several underlying causes emerge, such as inadequate workplace conditions, lack of proper management, and gaps in communication (both among the nurses and between nurses and patients). A number of interventions can be suggested for implementation to improve the outcome. They include patient involvement, patient education, automatization of the prescription process using computerized solutions, promoting shared responsibility, and limited use of lean management. Admittedly, some of the interventions require significant budgeting while others rely heavily on the support from the hospital officials, which creates the necessity of seeking budgeting support and establishing communication channels with the administrative branch, respectively. To minimize the resistance introduced by these factors, it is necessary to facilitate interventions in correct order, carefully schedule the process, monitor and log its success, and maintain communication channels with the stakeholders. Lean Management One of the factors responsible for the medication errors is the workplace environment in which nursing practitioners prescribe and administer drugs. Specifically, several studies have established a positive connection between the presence of interruptions during the process and the frequency of medication administration errors (MAE), which comprise 34% of the preventable adverse drug events (Lehnbom, Oliver, Baysari, & Westbrook, 2013). One of the ways to minimize the interruptions is an implementation of lean culture in nursing practices. Lean approach is steadily gaining its popularity as an effective way of improving performance and quality of services across various institutions, including healthcare establishments (Steyrer, Schiffinger, Huber, Valentin, & Strunk, 2013). One of its advantages is its cost-efficiency – compared to other interventions, it requires little to no external funding, is easy to implement, and produces observable and measurable results. Another strong point is its transparency and flexibility – it can be applied to virtually any field with few adjustments and is approachable by the majority of the staff without special training. Finally, it can be performed within the nursing environment by using available organizational and administrative channels and thus does not require serious alternations of policies. The first step in the intervention is communicating the principles of lean culture both to the staff and the management of the establishment. It is important to explain its main underlying principles, such as waste. In the case of workplace environment susceptible to medication errors, the most likely candidates for waste would be unnecessary interruptions, such as non-essential conversations, which would distract
Geography and Geographic Value Judgments Geography can be defined as the science that studies the distribution of human and physical features over the Earth and explains the relations between them (Kimel & Khabongo 17). It can also be described as the study of lands, their characteristics and inhabitants (Garcia 14). The name of this science is derived from the Greek word γεωγραφία that can be translated into English as earth description (Garcia 14). Geography does not only describe physical environment. In some cases geographers can make value judgments or statements about what should or should not be done (Gerber 81). For instance, a geographer may say that that government should regulate the work of mining companies because their activities lead to deforestation and erosion. Moreover, researchers can tell that economies should find alternative sources of energy because natural resources are depleted at a very fast rate. These are examples of geographical value judgments. Geographic fields of specialization Spatial Geography There are various sub-fields of geography that study different questions. For example, one can mention spatial geography which is the science that studies the locations of places, cities, regions, and so forth (Calderon 209). For instance, this study can provide information about the distance between two locations like Manila and San Francisco (Calderon 209). Moreover, it is aimed at determining the location of a certain geographic area. Physical Geography In turn, physical geography is a quantitative and analytical study of various processes and patterns that exist in the natural environment (Briggs and Smithson 6). In particular, this science is aimed at examining such issues as moisture and heat in the atmosphere, streams and currents, or the factors that shape the climate in a certain region (Briggs and Smithson 6). These are some of the questions that physical geography is aimed at investigating. Land-Use Planning The land-use planning is an activity that is closely related to geography. Its purpose is to identify the most effective ways of using of land and natural resources so that the interest of the community can be best met (Jones 175). Land-use planning is supposed to serve many practical purposes, for instance, urban development, the construction of roads or airports, or the design of landscape. Human Geography One should also speak about human geography t