ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the most economically successful urban areas in the United Arab Emirates. These emirates’ economic and social progress directly depends on the development of the oil industry. In spite of the controversial aspects which are associated with the issues of economic and environmental sustainability, the planning and housing in Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the important developed sectors which are promoted by the governments to satisfy the citizens’ needs with the help of the developed housing programmes and projects. Although the housing policies and programmes developed and implemented in Abu Dhabi and Dubai differ in some conditions and aspects, the basic principles and norms on which the policies and programmes are based are similar and work to protect the citizens’ rights. The projects worked out in Abu Dhabi and Dubai respond to the idea of social and environmental sustainability, and the housing programmes are developed to address the citizens’ needs and resolve the housing problems. Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE) consist of seven federal emirates, and the paper focuses on the discussion of the development of such emirates as Abu Dhabi and Dubai which economic and social progress is associated with the effective government policies implemented within the economic and social spheres. Several decades ago, the territories of Abu Dhabi and Dubai were deserts, and today they are prosperous urban regions. The main purpose of this report is to examine the functioning of governmental housing policies and programmes, the main trends in the real estate markets of Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and the property rights followed in the emirates which can influence the development of the housing policies; it is necessary to analyze the data on the housing programmes’ implementation and to compare the information on the functioning of the policies in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. The reason for writing the report is the necessity to examine the factors that shape the growth of Abu Dhabi and Dubai in relation to the accepted planning and housing policies. The results of this report can be used to work out the recommendations that can improve the economic and environmental sustainability of Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The report is developed to address several significant assumptions. It is possible to assume that the rapid demographic and economic growth of Dubai and Abu Dhabi is based on the development of the oil industry in the country (Sayigh 2013, p. 131). However, it is also important to pay attention to the fact that there are different visions of the rapid economic development of the UAE in relation to the impact on the environment (Norton 2005). The study is conducted to examine the economic and environmental sustainability of the hosing policies, projects, and programmes used in Dubai and Abu Dhabi (Hawkins 2004; Kazimee 2012, p. 179). These ass
Introduction The Humanistic psychology school of thought began in early 1950 believes in using a human context to develop humanistic theory of psychology. The theory places humans as unique beings that cannot be regarded as mere objects and components. The theory has been widely used in developing models for person centered and the client centered counseling and therapy. The paper provides a discussion and analysis of key features of the school of thought. Core Points Bohart (2001) has suggested five postulates that best summarize the humanistic theory and the first two suggest that human beings should not be reduced to mere components since they have certain unique and extremely individualistic human context. The other postulate is that the human consciousness also encompasses an awareness of the own self in the context of others. The fourth postulate is that people have a set of non desired responsibilities as well as the choices and the fifth postulate is that human beings seek value creativity and meaning in whatever they do and that the actions are intentional. The author suggests that the school of thought needs to be understood as being influenced by humanism, psychoanalysis and behaviorism. As suggested by the author, behaviorism school of thought came with the work of Ivan Pavlov and the conditioned reflex studies. The foundation for Humanistic theory was later developed by Abraham Maslov who founded the behavior school of thought and this was regarded as the first force. Freud, Carl Jung and other performed further studies and came up with the theory of psychoanalysis and it was regarded as the second force. Humanistic psychology later emerged as the third force when Maslov, Carl Rogers and other met to lay the foundation for a new school of thought. Ellis (1973) has suggested that humanistic psychology differs from other similar schools of thought such as the social cognitive theory and the biological perspective theory. According to Ellis, the humanistic theory gives an emphasis on certain feelings that are uniquely human. Some of the feelings and issues that the theory examines are self-actualization and an understanding of the self, wellness feelings such as love, hope and health, the urge to express creativity, interest in nature and the self realization issues related to becoming, being and the individuality. The theory tries to develop an understanding of what is the meaning of a human being. While cognitive theory bel
A long time ago, the cat was a wild animal. The cat did not live in the village, as it is common nowadays. The cat lived alone and was constantly searching for a friend. One day, the cat met the crow, which was also desperate for friendship. Consequently, the cat and the crow agreed to be friends. They lived, talked, ate, and slept together. They became extremely fond of each other and could spend countless hours together discussing their well-being. One day, the crow said to the cat, “lets us go for a walk.” The cat promptly replied, “Yes, we will go for a walk, and then cook our supper and sit by the fire.” Hence, they walked away from the house, up and down a hill and into the dark, thick forest. As they were walking, they met a rat, which was notorious for being wicked and mischievous. The rat hated the crow, so he made some magic and killed him. The cat became very angry and delusional and wanted a friend, but now he was lonely. Later on, the cat followed the rat and became friends. One day, the cat and the rat worked in the garden. They worked all day and were pretty hungry and exhausted. They made a lovely meal, and as they were eating, the rat said to his friend, “we work very hard, but we have no money. We are not rich.” The rat proposed that he knew of a place on the other side of the hill where they could steal many cows, sell them, and become rich. The cat agreed though reluctantly. Hence, the following day they woke up exceptionally early in the morning and headed to the hill. They walked a long way through bushes and shrubs but eventually they arrived safely. Unfortunately, as they were about to steal the cows, the animals bellowed alerting the villagers who severely punished the cat and the rat. After the ordeal, the cat vowed never to have friends again. Moral: people should take time before making friends as well as be aware of their morals and principles. Through such actions, an individual’s character will not be compromised, and such scenarios as what the cat went through would be avoided.
The subject of religion is controversial enough without mixing the phrase ‘public schools’ into the conversation. Those of a conservative Christian, fundamentalist ideology would have the Bible being taught in all schools as a viable historical textbook while also espousing its philosophical teachings and allowing for mandatory group prayers in the classroom leading ultimately to the indoctrination of most students. They point to the words and supposed intentions of the Founding Fathers as a basis for their claim. These same people generally bristle when the concept of teaching the history and philosophy of all world religions is mentioned. Those of a more liberal approach strictly adhere to the principle laid down in the Constitution for the separation of church and state. They believe it unlawful for schools to promote any one religion but do want the teaching of all religions as a part of the curriculum. The argument the religious community offers supporting the insertion of Christianity into the school system is that this country was formed upon religious principles. For example, on September 17, 1796, George Washington said, “It is impossible to govern the world without God and the Bible” (Evans, 2005). The third president and author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, wrote in1781, “God who gave us life gave us liberty. And can the liberties of a nation be thought secure when we have removed their only firm basis, a conviction in the minds of the people that these liberties are a gift of God?” (Evans, 2005). Jefferson, a well-recognized liberal thinker, as well as the entirety of the Founding Fathers, was confident that the U.S. existed only because of the intervention of a divine being, God. They would have fully supported prayer and other Christian teachings in public schools. The Constitution allows for activities involving religion to be practiced in public schools though teachers and administrators are largely unaware of the laws about the issue. Because of this lack of knowledge, activities such as prayer are banned outright to ensure the schools are not violating the law. “Teachers pull back completely from talking about religion. It’s on the edge, just not a safe topic” (Ruenzel, 1996). Students are hardly restricted by law to express their religion in schools. They are free to express their religious convictions in many forms such as in their homework, artwork, and reports. These expressions are protected by the Constitution. “Teachers may not reject or correct [students’] submissions simply because they include a religious symbol or address religious themes” (“Religion in Public Schools”, 1995). According to rhetoric by fundamentalist Christians, God has been removed from schools and is unwelcome in an increasingly secular society and this will ultimately lead to the further destruction of morality in children thus decay the societal structure. They argue that public schools must ta
The following interview was done and recorded at Beverly Health Services with Mr. Alexander Morrisey who is the finance manager of the Hospital. Interview In general, my duty at Beverly Health Services requires me to oversee and ensure that financial records and reports are well prepared. I also undertake daily cash management activities and guide investment opportunities of the organization besides other functions such as auditing, budgeting, and accounting. We have a total of twenty departments in this hospital that ranges from the Accident & Emergency department to Anesthetics, for a complete list of this department please refer to our brochure. Among these various departments, the revenue center that we have are five in total and include the pharmacy department, Accident & Emergency department, discharge lounge, imaging department, and Breast Screening Department. With the exceptions of revenue centers that we presume to have no expenses, all of the other departments have budgets since they incur costs, other cost centers that we have include rent & utilities and the CEO office. We therefore as a matter of accounting principles transfer the minimal cost that is incurred in revenue centers to other centers such as cost centers to avoid budgeting for these revenue centers. Some of the departments that we have which have budgets include cardiology, Intensive Care Unit, rent and utilities
Dog’s life is a film produced and directed by Charlie Chaplin. In this film, the producer has used the comic effect to elaborate on the message he intends to deliver to the audience. Dog’s life is a movie that touches on the issues affecting the society; such as, crime, poverty, prostitution, as well as, homelessness. These issues have been illustrated in the plot of the film and have become paramount in the characters’ concern. In the film, the director has illustrated poverty in various ways. First, poverty is illustrated when poor Charlie is depicted as homeless and stays in a vacant lot. This episode illustrates poverty, as well as, homelessness because, at the beginning of the story, the camera shots amid roof tops that tilt down to reveal Charlie is sleeping amid the rubbish behind a ramshackle fence. Thus, poverty is illustrated by the lack of appropriate accommodation that is demonstrated by the poor living condition of Chaplin. Moreover, the director has also emphasized on homelessness because he reminds the audience that the homeless person is too poor to afford even the cheapest residential place for accommodation. Another important episode that is illustrated in the story is the shanty; Charlie explains that the place is like a paradise. Hence, drawing a line of a modest reaction from middle-class audiences but the tramp howls in poor neighborhoods. Unemployment is another social problem that is illustrated in the film. Charlie looks for employment, but the job disappears as soon as he prepares to start his work Edna is depicted as a prostitute who is not willing to accompany the clients in the dance hall. The director portrays the lady as a person who is used by the clients for lust to satisfy their sexual feelings. This scene is also used to emphasize on Charlie’s poor status because when he enters the dance hall, he is thrown out because he is unable to pay the bill. Another aspect affecting the society that the author explains is a crime. Crime is elaborated in the episode where those who look for left over’s retrieve some money-filled wallet that had been buried by crooks. The scraps return to the dance hall only to find Edna had been relieved of her job because she is not willing to entertain the clients. The dog is used to describe Charlie’s canine friends during the opening of the episode. They treat him as a real character instead of a device to be used in the plot development. This also has implications to other characters such as Edna who plays a great role by providing an impression of a naïve but a spirited youngster. This type of characterization provides the film with a comprehensive structure. The lives of the poor are portrayed to live in hand to mouth urban existence. The dogs are portrayed to have much trouble fighting a loose morsel as Charlie’s elbows his way to the employment office. The dog is also used to describe the condition of other characters such as Edna, a dance hall singer who was enticed to flirt with clients to retain her job. The
In the article titled, ‘Understanding Employee Motivation’, James Lindner explores various ways that leaders can increase the motivation of their employees and staff members. The article defines motivation as the psychological process where leaders induce employees to act in a specific way in order for an organization to achieve its goals and objectives (Lindner 3). Lindner asserts that motivation plays a role in survival in organizations (2). This is because organizations need motivated employees due to the rapidly changing business environment. Besides, the article argues that motivation is one of the most complex functions of leaders and managers this is because the needs of the employees are constantly changing. For instance, a manager may decide to increase the wages of the employees based on their performance in order to motivate employees. However, the pay rise may not motivate all employees. The needs of each employee are unique. Thus, motivating employees is the most complex function that a manager or a leader fulfills (Lindner 3). Further, Lindner provides various theories that have been presented by scholars on the subject (4). He says that Abraham Maslow’s theory of human needs is the most significant in understanding the ways to motivate employees. The article highlights many aspects of management learned in chapter thirteen of this course. At the outset, the article addresses the importance of motivation and articulates that employees become dissatisfied with their jobs when they lack motivation. This is disastrous for an organization that seeks to increase its profit margins and achieve other goals. The reason is that employees’ dissatisfaction reduces the productivity of employees leading to low revenues. This, in turn, makes the organization to be unable to meet its financial obligations lead
In “ The Subjection of Women, ” John Stuart Mill argues for the emancipation of marginalized women for both the benefit of the society and the personal gain of the woman. About this, one can best understand Mill’s essay best, not considering it as a philosophical treatise, but a call for the enhancement of women’s rights. What strikes most in this particular essay and captures the attention of most readers is Mill’s use of clarity and conciseness in his work. This can be best seen in his support statements such as, “The principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes – the legal subordination of one sex to the other – is wrong in itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement; and…It ought to be replaced by a principle of perfect equality, admitting no power or privilege on the one side, or disability on the other” (Mill 1). Mill as it not the case with most other writers engaged in serious discourses employs a sense of humor in his work, which breaks the monotony of having to read serious stuff all the time without having anything to laugh at. He argues that “If it is inferred merely because a woman’s bodily frame generally is of fewer dimensions than a man’s, this criterion would lead to strange consequences. A tall and large-boned man must on this showing be wonderfully superior in intelligence to a small man, and an elephant or a whale must prodigiously excel mankind” (Mill 3). This gives the reader a break from the serious reading of this article and a chance to engage his imagination to create a connection between Mill’s arguments and reality. This is indeed an essay of timeless essence. Works Cited Mill, Stuart. The Subjection of Women. London: Longmans Publishers, 1869.
Introduction Though often underrated as opposed to the communication between a mother and an infant, the process of interacting with the unborn child is also essential for an expectant mother. More importantly, the caregivers must monitor the process of communication, channel it the proper way and enhance it with the tools such as the enhancement of the mother’s engagement and motivation. By creating a bond during the mother’s pregnancy, the mother and the child will be capable of developing their relationship in order to enhance the infant’s security, as well as promote early development of the baby. Mother–Child Relationships Early communication between the mother and the unborn child leads to creating a very strong emotional bond between the two. At this point, the significance of caregivers deserves to be mentioned. Although it is natural for a pregnant woman to experience the need to communicate with her child, some women may need assistance of caregivers in order to carry out the communication process. To be more exact, caregivers may give mothers pieces of advice regarding the methods of communication, including the ones involving conversations, tactile experiences, etc. Early Development Studies show that the mother’s attempts at communicating with the child, who is yet to be born, result in the infant developing on a much faster pace than the children, whose mothers did not develop a strong bond with them prior to their birth (Verny & Winetroub 2014). Thus, considering the development of a bond between the mother and the child at the earliest stages is imperative for promoting early development. Bonding through Talking As paradoxical as it may sound, the process of bonding between a mother-to-be and her child, who has not yet been born, can be carried out mostly with the help of communication. While modern technological advances allow for a plethora of options including the observation of the ultrasound pictures of the unborn child, the mere act of conversing with the latter verbally will contribute to creating a very strong bond between the mother and her child (O’Neill 2009). Studies show that playing music for the child also contributes to the process of bonding. Finally, the mother may engage in the process of daydreaming about the child and imagining the latter. The specified piece of advice, however, should be taken with a grain of salt, as the process of daydreaming may involve creating a very specific image of a child. As a result, in case the newborn does not meet the requirements that are either willingly or unwillingly set by the mother, the latter may experience disappointment and, as a result, become disinterested in the child’s development. Thus, the bonding process will require primarily the mother talking to the child and acknowledging the latter as a personality. Although it would be wrong to demand that the mother should keep thinking about the unborn child unceasingly it is important that a pregnant woman should identif
History often uncovers the truth about the world of power and political order: There is rarely just one person making all the decisions. In most cases, even authoritarian leadership falls victim to the implementation of advisory panels, which emphasizes the importance of a sound advisor. The democracy the West is used to nowadays is built upon the idea of getting advice from the citizens to create efficient governments. The idea of an advisor is familiar in our daily lives as we try to navigate the modern social landscape making as few mistakes as possible. We count on guidance from our family and friends, as well as mentors and teachers. When it comes to politics, it is important to examine the value of sound advisors by dissecting various examples from historical and religious sources. History is full of influential leaders, who have had an advisor (or a group of them) to receive additional council and support. The practice dates back to the beginning of times and allows leaders to gain the benefit of including the perspectives and points of view they may not be aware of at the time of making a decision. One of the most crucial examples would be military advisors, who could be leaned upon during war. Genghis Khan, once the ruler of most of Eurasia, had Yelu Chai to provide him with the council (Full Circle Coaching and Consulting, 2019). Frederick Lindermann served as an important scientific advisor to Winston Churchill during World War II due to his excellent knowledge of physics and mechanics (Full Circle, 2019). The Nazi regime in Germany was represented by Joseph Goebbels and Rudolph