ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The National Environmental Policy Act, established by the United States government in 1969, meant to play a key role environmental protection. Among the roles of this Act is to pronounce a national policy that will not only create a prolific and pleasant harmony between man and his environment, but also endorse strategies aimed at preventing environmental degradation and arouse the health and welfare of humanity. However, the Act brought effects especially to federal agencies (United States Department of Transportation, 2011, p.1). Is the NEPA process too lengthy for airport expansions? Since the time it came into effect, there have been major changes in the way federal agencies carry out their activities. The Act mandates all federal agencies to follow the laid down procedures of credible environmental effects before engaging any expansion activity or project. As a result, airport expansions, definitely falling under federal grant, suffers the effects of the Act as airport expansions fall within the purview of the Act. In a way, the NEPA process has proved lengthy for airport expansion due to the very many processes that are involved. According to NEPA, the agency charged with environmental responsibility must study the consequences such an airport expansion will have to the environment and then give advice accordingly. In other words, since NEPA is a routine statute, it is bound to take a lot of time hence, lengthy for airport expansion
The perception of human disability has swayed over time and was incredibly volatile when discussed in different cultures, religions, and social contexts. However, with the first publishing of Darwin’s Origin of Species, the Social Darwinism perspective has negatively impacted those with disabilities, ranging from physical to cognitive (Marini et al., 2011). He did this by equating those with intellectual disabilities as the link between current-day humans and earlier primates. This view enforced the then prevalent and detrimental perception of the disabled as not “wholly” human and inferior compared to others. The Jukes and Kallikaks families were studied to find the relation between genetics and certain undesired behaviors, such as criminality, “feeble-mindedness” and poverty lifestyles. However, both studies resulted in uncertain and biased results. A substantial amount of variables swayed the experiments as well as numerous researchers and their differing approaches to the study. The Jukes were assessed on their ‘criminality’ through genetics but variables of the environment were not accounted for. Additionally, a significant number of individuals that were studied, were not related to each other or the original family. In the case of the Kallikaks, many external factors such as malnutrition were unaccounted for. The accuracy of the experiments is doubtful with many aliases used, recordings of data manipulation, and even practice of religion and pseudoscience as valid research tools. The segregation of the disabled community from the rest of society is a harmful notion. It is often perpetrated by isolation, unwillingness to obtain knowledge regarding disabilities, and reliance on inaccurate scientific data as the reason for the superiority of able-bodied individuals. In addition, connecting behavior such as the likeliness of criminality to genetics is incorrect and damaging not only to the individual but to a community and society as a whole. Such negative perspectiv
Progress is an inevitable process that is bound to take place in any civilization; otherwise, a rapid decay is unavoidable. However, when the stakes on technological advances are too high, progress comes at a price. Because of the negative effects that newest technologies have on nature in general and environment in particular, the reasonability of progressing with no regard for the probable consequences must be questioned. In the given paper, the positive and the negative effects of the newest technologies in developing countries are compared in order to consider the possible outcomes of the future advances and come up with the means to prevent technologies from causing more harm, at the same time avoiding the possible technological regress. Therefore, the research topic for the given paper is Technology and Environment. Though it will also be necessary to mention the positive outcomes of the use of technology, in the given research, its developing negative impact on the environment is going to be considered. Among the issues that are currently on the agenda of the environmental issues in developing countries, such problems as pollution, global warming and the following climate change, as well as the exhaustion of natural resources are going to be viewed through a critical lens. To address the problem efficiently, several papers have been studied. Each of the above-mentioned researches has contributed to the objectivity of the given paper, allowing to address each side of the argument. To be more exact, each article addresses a specific issue related to the technological innovations and the developing states. To start with, the contamination issue, which is the greatest threat posed by technological advances to the developing countries, is considered in Jen Fela’s article Developing countries face e-waste crisis (2009) in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment published by The Ecological Society of America. The article by Mertz, Halsnaes, Olensen and Rasmussen sheds the light on the issue of natural resources reduction (2009) in Adaptation to climate change in developing countries in Environmental Management, 43 (5). The problem concerning the emerging diseases is addressed in Pisani’s paper The cancer burden and the cancer control in developing countries (2010) in Environmental Health 10 (Suppl. 1):S2. The impact of technology on modern people and the future generations is yet to be studied. In addition, the aforementioned climate change will possibly trigger new diseases; hence, the results of the technology effects must be considered more closely. Supposedly, with the help of the results of the given research, it will b
The video about Genie, a feral child, makes a controversial impression. On the one hand, the story of a girl kept isolated for thirteen years is shocking and embarrassing. It is almost impossible to imagine that in the modern civilized society, someone can treat a child worse than an animal. The image of this poor scared girl sticks in the memory. Now a teenager, she looks much younger, not older than six or seven in fact. On the other hand, this case is a unique field for research. Scholars have long been arguing about the nature of language abilities. The emerging theories consider either genetics to be decisive in the development of speech competence or the environment as a crucial factor for language formation. When the scientific world learned about the story of a girl kept in almost total isolation for more than a decade, some questions appeared. The major one was about the chance of a feral child, never taught to speak, to restore this important ability. It was amazing, but the girl was rapidly progressing. There is a popular theory that a child learns certain things at a certain age. Consequently, if the time passed, it is not possible to learn the same things at the same level. The psychologist that worked with Genie supposed she could break this theory. She really seemed to do so. She made great success in learning. The girl wanted to know everything as if compensating for the years of isolation and the hunger for information. The specialists that worked with Genie admitted that the mental function was not damaged. That is why she was able to learn and was eagerly studying the surrounding world. Th
The film presents a detailed account of the Emirates with a specific focus on trade and the historical forces that shaped the country. The film also provides that people have learned to live together and focus on using their resources to make them prosperous. The film indicates that oil laid the foundation for what the Emirates are today. Before discovering oil, citizens used to engage in trade during an era when stones were useful in making tools. They used to depend on the sea as the main resource. Some divers used to collect valuable wares from the sea through diving, and this tradition was a stone-age activity that provided a basis for trade. At that time Emiratis were fishing pearls as the main activity that could earn them resources. Consequently, they started extracting copper as a major activity to support their livelihoods. Copper was used in making products such as utensils and other equipment. The mineral was invaluable in manufacturing harder metals such as bronze. Pottery later became a common activity for the Emiratis. The Emiratis’ products were made using copper and other mined materials were sold among the locals and neighboring communities miles away. The film highlights that the discovery of oil provided a platform for shaping the people’s prosperity in the Emirates. It indicates that citizens still used to engage in economic activities such as fishing, mining, and pottery. However, the trade activities involved were limited, and they did not use them for large-scale commercial purposes. The discovery of oil enabled them to engage in large-scale commercial activities. They also started sailing to neighboring nations as they made the Emirates a nation of immense trade volume. It is an indication that oil discovery led to more prosperity for the citizens. The film expounds on the history of the Emirates and trade, as well as the immense influence that the discovery of oil had on the country’s economy.
Executive Summary This restaurant will have a moderate price with 86 seats that allow for the service of many customers including families. The restaurant will specialize in Indian dishes. The restaurant will offer special servings of all the dishes but in considerable portions for kids. It will lease a piece of land 3400 square feet located in Dubai city near industrial area. This area has been well established and most of the businesses have recorded high success in the area. The location will require high-class furniture, equipment and fixtures to make it more attractive to potential customers. The projections of sales indicate that there will be 1700 customers every week visiting the AlJawhar Indian Dishes restaurant. This big number will lead to the attainment of high profits for the restaurant. For instance, the sales will range between $19,777 and $1,028,000 in a year. The business will need about 363,000 US dollars to start its operations. Out of this amount, $174,000 will come from the business owners while the rest will be obtained from a bank loan. Business Objectives These are the long-term gains that the company will aim at attaining within a specified period.  1. To be the Dubai City Industrial Area leading restaurant.  2. To offer quality food at pocket-friendly prices with high quality customer service.  3. To retain the ratios of prime cost at a lower percentage of 65. Mission Statement This is the guiding principle on what the restaurant should do to attain its set vision statement. It aims at improving service provision for unique customer experiences. This goal will be attained through the provision of items that will incorporate affordable prices of quality ingredients. In addition, the service providers will ensure customer satisfaction while the management will focus on employee satisfaction. If the employees are treated with high-level respect and dignity, they will reciprocate through giving the same care to the customers, leading to customer loyalty. Guiding Principles Some of the principles that will guide the operations of AlJawhar Indian Dishes are;  1. Minding about customers-the restaurant will focus on improving interpersonal relations with both the staff and the customers.  2. Gratitude-AlJawhar Indian Dishes will focus on showing gratitude to vendors, employees and customers. This is because they are the most important composition for the success of the organization since they help it through providing their time, service input, and la
Introduction This article draws on the model of the contest success function to explain how geographic factors can cause some civil conflicts to last longer than others. The terrain, geographic location and the natural resource endowment of a place interact with the fighting capacity of the rebels to influence the duration of conflicts. Precisely dated information on historical events and geography shows that conflicts are more likely to last longer if they happen at locations such as major government strongholds, regions rich in natural resources and along national and international borders. Conflicts also tend to take shorter periods when rebels have a high military capacity. Dominating and maintaining a civil war is determined by the distance that an army has to travel in order to project power, the fighting prowess of the rebels and the geographical conditions of the site of war. Literature Review The article begins with a discussion on how the geography of a site influenced the early civil wars. Next, it develops formal models that interrogate how geographical factors, mainly the location, influence the war. These facts are used to come up with a hypothesis. The data from the models are then used to present empirical result analysis of civil conflicts that happened between 1947 and 2003. The authors of the article then conclude it with the results derived from the models. Methodology Since time in memorial, the geographical condition of a region has been used as an important determinant of the art of war. A country’s geography determines its state’s behavior and strategy towards a civil war. Areas with rough terrain and porous borderlines affect the method and duration of civil wars. Porous borderlines provide safe havens for the rebels while foreign markets might give them the upper hand in the war (Buhaug, Gates, and Lujala 544-569). The natural resources and general wealth of a country influence the balance of power between rebels and the state. Consequently, this determines how the troops are to be deployed in the battle. This affects the nature and the duration of the war. A territory’s geographic aspects determine the strategic plans of the troop’s commanders. Some may decide to either defend or capture a portion of the region for various reasons. The groups that have inferior military may use rough terrains as positions of defense. Different geographical aspects provide different logistic and communication advantages and disadvantages. Results The models created in the article provide evidence that links geographical location to the duration of a civil conflict. Conflicts along the peripheries tend to last longer
Apex Inc. is an information technologies company that develops software solutions for hospitals and other healthcare organizations. In particular, the products of this organization are used for such purposes as telemedicine, knowledge management, electronic transfer of patients’ data, and other purposes. The main users of our products are medical workers. The following code of ethics regulates the actions of this organization and its employees. Integrity and relationship with customers  1. Our company will disclose information about the possible advantages and disadvantages of our products, because our customers rely on the accuracy of data that we provide to them.  2. The customer of Apex Inc. will not have to face any hidden costs that can be related to the development of software solutions.  3. The products developed by Apex Inc. will be aimed at meeting the needs of users, in particular medical workers. Moreover, we will not attempt to reduce the cost of development at the expense of patients’ wellbeing.  4. Apex Inc will ensure the confidentiality of our clients, their financial performance, or any other data that be used against hospitals or their patients.  5. Our company will attempt to meet the deadlines and requirements that our clients will set and warn them about the possible challenges. Corporate social responsibility and HR policies  1. Apex Inc. will promote diversity in their workplace. In particular, the organizational policies of the company will prohibit every form of discrimination against employees that can be based on gender, race, disability, religion or any other criteria that are irrelevant to the performance of a worker.  2. The company will introduce accurate and objective performance appraisal methods that take into account the contribution of each worker.  3. The managers of the company will be obliged to justify the reasons for the termination of employee’s contract or the promotion of a worker.  4. The employees of Apex Inc. are obliged inform the superiors or HR managers about the violation of legal or ethical rules. People, who do it, may choose to remain anonymous, if they want to.  5. Apex Inc. is responsible to preventing any form of discrimination against whistleblowers or people who inform governmental agencies about possible malpractices. The interaction with governmental and non-governmental organization  1. The company will be obliged to disclose any kind of information that can be required by law-enforcement agencies of the United States.  2. Apex Inc. will develop software solutions and information technologies that pose minimum threat to the environment and to the users of our products.  3. The company will not object to the unionization of their employees. Moreover, it will establish close partnership with environmental agencies, consumer associations, and trade unions.  4. Apex Inc. will fully disclose information that is related to the financial performance of the company. Business partners  1. Contractors and business partners of Apex Inc. are expected to reach the same ethical standards that the company sets for its employees o
Historical Overview Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University was established by a group of famous individuals from Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province under the patronage of HRH Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd Bin Abdulaziz. It was inaugurated in October 2008 by Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz who was the then Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Defense and Aviation and Inspector General. It is the first private university in the Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia having registered its first set of students in September 2006. The institution embraces the cultural as well as religious values of Saudi Arabians. The university adopts the North American system as well as model of education. Its system was designed by Texas International Educational Consortium and comprises of administrative, financial as well as academic programs. Inner workings of the organization’s ecommerce activities Inner working of the institution highly applies the use of ecommerce in various aspects. It is used to manage the university’s important documents and records including student records. It also used to connect with the various departments involved in all the business processes of the university. Ecommerce is also valuable in the university particularly in provision of various services to the school community. This makes it easy for management of administrative, financial and academic activities of the institution. Current ecommerce activities in PMU The organization applies e-commerce in various business processes of the institution. The organization advertises its courses and services online and provides for application of the same online. Its other services include support services such transportation various halls of residence. It also advertises its programs and jobs online and provides opportunity for online application. Ecommerce is applied by the university in offering services to students. Students can access their fee statements as well as academic results online through the university’s website. Students can register online and also pay fee online. It also offers an online library where its students can access electronic-based learning resources online and also search and book learning materials available in its library online. Its database offers online access to more than 60,000 copyrighted books. It also subscribes to over 33,000 e-books covering various subjects (Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, 2011). The institution also utilizes the technology in carrying out electronic money transfer between the organization’s account and its suppliers, contractors and students. Students can pay fees through direct funds transfer to its account at the Saudi American Bank. The university applies ecommerce to order its online books and to make its other purchases. It uses the internet to outsource and connect to suppliers who offer fair prices. These ecommerce activities and services offered by the university are reliable and enhance learning process. The
Working on this assignment has made me learn some of the most important lessons in marketing analysis and company management in general. In particular, how to analyze company performance in the current highly competitive environment featured very strongly. That is, from the basics of how to use market probing tools to strategies that the corporations apply to remain competitive. From the group work, ideas of how to effectively manage the firm’s strategy and how to make change successful and more comfortable within the company came out strongly. All this period, I have opened up to new ideas that were unfamiliar as well as the personal views that are connected to management. Through diverse readings, class lessons, group discussions, and informative, together with clarifying class charts have changed my perspective on what a good corporate manager should be, especially in effecting change within the company. Besides leadership and management issues relating to corporate management, there is a critical theory of management that came out strongly during much of the discussions. This theory is essential in analyzing the most dynamic industries, especially those that are highly competitive. In the current global marketplace where companies compete for few customers, it is vital for corporate managers to understand the market dynamics so as to take advantage of every opportunity that arises (Kotler & Keller, 2010). Besides, analyzing the market environment using various tools would put the company at a higher competitive advantage. One of the most important concepts that were thoroughly discussed by the group was that of decision theory. The reason was that most members did not really understand the model. The belief was that the concept was complicated and could not necessarily be applicable in analyzing the market of the company. However, the group found out that it was the best model to study the company. Moreover, I understood how the concept relates well to leadership and management. At the beginning of the discussion, decision theory was perceived to be complicated and only applies to advanced corporate analysis. Moreover, the group members believe that the concept is old and cannot be used in the modern technologically advanced companies. Researches that the members of the group carried out proved otherwise. What I find out from the discussion was that the concept is much applicable in today’s market situation, particularly in analyzing those companies within the highly competitive environment (Kotler & Keller, 2010). Even though other market analytic tools are essential, decision theory enables the company to know its position in the market and where to focus on to increase its market share and revenue. It also allows the company to take advantage of other options that are available (Kotler & Keller, 2010). Using this theory, it is essential for the companies to understand their position in terms of market share in order to direct their resources in areas that will provide them with additional advantage (Kotler & Keller, 2010). The company must understand their position whether they are the market leader or not and