ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nowadays, the development of modern technologies causes the fact that children from a very young age use a variety of electronic devices extremely a lot. There is no doubt that it is impossible to imagine a life without digital gadgets and its help in different everyday situations. For example, people can find any necessary information and keep in touch with friends, colleges and family wherever a person is. However, too much screen time has also an adverse effect on humans’ life, especially on the children’s one. According to statistics, adolescents spend about 3 hours a day using smartphones and other gadgets, while the American Academy of Pediatrics (2016) recommends watching on an electronic screen no more than one hour a day. Unfortunately, many parents do not pay enough attention to this rule and allow their children to spend hours in front of the screen, which leads to various problems. It should be taken into account that too much screen time causes emotional and social disorders. As a result, there are problems with attention, education, and sleeping. A lot of researches in this area suggest that scientists consider this situation to be very serious. For example, Blum-Ross and Livingstone (2017) name the following general risks connected with long and improper use of the screen time: “conduct, content, contact and commercial” (p. 9). Firstly, using digital and online media do not give any guarantees in keeping secret personal information. School-age children may not understand that all confident materials, messages, and photos may be out of safe hands. Secondly, the Internet (and sometimes TV as well) is full of pornographic, racist and violent content. Absolutely anyone can access such web sites, and, in some cases, it may seduce and then destroy the child’s psyche. Finally, children may be affected by “stranger danger” and then become a subject of stalking or harassment. On the other hand, there are several positive outcomes as well. Proper use of modern technologies and the Internet give unlimited possibilities in humans’ development. It is quite apparent that children from a very young age need to accustom to the use of human achievements because the future is behind IT technologies. For example, access to scientific and fiction literature, information of academic accomplishments, educational videos provide learning, creating and personal expression. Another positive point is an opportunity of connecting with people, for example, family, friends and teachers. However, the negative impact is still very high and the possible advantages do not overlap the disadvantages. The reason is that a small minority uses opportunities of electronic devices in appropriate way. Unfortunately, most parents are not able to set a positive example for the kids. The saddest thing is that smartphones harm the relationship between parents and children. This is more adults’ fault who also feel quite uncomfortable without sending posts, liking photos or replying to every news even during a co
Introduction Herbert Spencer was a British theorist who was born in the early 18 th century. His father was a religious individual who greatly influenced his life (Elliot 10). Herbert Spencer acquired an education on empirical science and was later introduced to the pre-Darwinian evolution theory. As a young man he had no intellectual interests and therefore decided to acquire a job as a civil engineer during the time when the railway construction industry was at its best (Elliot 15). In the late 1840s and early 1950s, Spencer worked as an editor for a free trade journal known as The Economists. This is the time when his first book was published. In the book, he predicted that human beings at some point would finally fully adapt to the needs of living in a society with a dyeing state. Main body The theory of causation that was created by Spencer explains why every event that occurs must have its “assignable cause of a comprehensive kind” and why there must be is a “natural causation everywhere operating” (Smith 1). He believes that causation has more influence on humanity than the theory of evolution. He goes further ahead to say that causation is applicable to every aspect of life i.e. human thinking and the resultant actions that follow. Spencer’s belief that causal laws are operational globally prompted him to try and connect sociology and ethics to scientific principles. Despite his critics accusation that his social ideologies gave more approval to politics than social principles, the truth is that Spencer viewed sociology as a principle supporting less, rather than more, political ideologies (Smith 126). He explains that, the only political lesson that can be acquired from sociology is the fact that political interference in social life always leads to quite a number of unforeseen negative effects (Smith 127). The causation ideologies as usual have a great influence on this argument. Spencer mentions how political leaders without vision and with little or no understanding of the social causation provide simplistic solutions for complex social issues. Herbert Spencer was very famous for being involved in social research and to some he was in fact referred to as the father of sociology. His major contribution in social research was made in 1876 when he published the book known as The Principle of Sociology. This book was released in five phases (Holmes 4). In the year 1872 Spencer released the first part of The Study of Sociology. He introduces this article by dealing with an issue that greatly divided sociology. The question was whether sociology can be a true science. Spencer mentions that measuring social facts provides a greater challenge in social concepts as compared to the other sciences. He goes ahead to say that most social facts can not be easily put into clear perceptions (Spencer 8). Unlike the many aspects of physics and chemistry, sociological concep
Executive summary In the line of production, a company requires raw materials and other goods for the process. These goods are derived by suppliers whom the business have limited control over. A supply chain management takes into account all logistic involved in the supply of goods and service to/from a company; it covers inward logistics, outward logistics, reverse logistics and forward logistics. When well implemented, it is likely to offer a competitive advantage to a company. Introduction Supply chain management refers to process undertaken by a business in the supply of goods and services into the business and sometime extends to supplying goods to a customer. The logistics starts from ordering until delivery of goods; it is the major task of procurement department although it is conducted in collaboration of other departments. Companies involved in a supply chain vary, and thus company needs to develop a strategy that caters for all the companies (Mentzer, 20-34). This paper discusses how a company can develop an effective integrated supply chain network. Supplier’s integration analysis Before taking any step in implementing a supply chain management, the initial step is analyzing the current system and the logistics that take place in the company. In this section, the company should identify key suppliers to the company; the kind of goods they supply and rate them according to dependability level. Re-order level, if is maintained in the company, is established where the minimum amount required a manufacturing process to take place is analyzed. This information is recorded. Duration that a certain supplier takes to supply goods is established and recorded. Value determination Different suppliers offer different quality of goods; the available information about the value of goods from a certain customer are interpolated. One of the major aims of a supply chain management is to ensure that that goods used in manufacture are of the right quality and quantity; this goes ahead as it is reflected in the final products of the company. Integrated purchasing strategy At this level the company aims at interpolating the demands for good that it has for a certain period; it is not always that a supply is constant throughout the year however; it varies with time and season. After understanding, the amount required at a particular time Gantt charts are used to interpolate data and form the background of the case. Computers can be used to give data analysis of the trend in supplies required. Supplier base management With the data at hand, including data about reliable suppliers whom the business had not done business with earlier, a supplier base is developed. The amount of order in terms of amount to supply that will be given to a certain supplier. The minimum quality and quantity that can be accepted is developed and the system of supply is devised. Duration given to a certain supplier to have supplied the goods is set; the system should have a syste
The personalities of Plato and Aristotle are recognized as central to the whole Ancient Greek Philosophy. Despite the fact that Aristotle was one of Plato’s students and spent more than twenty years at his school, some of Aristotelian concepts differ significantly from the Platonist premises. The Aristotelian definitions of forms are based on the Platonist notions but are more realistic not requiring climbing up the divided line. As one of Plato’s students, Aristotle inherited a part of Platonic notions and concepts, along with the teacher’s love for forms, however, modifying and reinterpreting them to some extent. Thus, there are a number of similarities and differences between the Platonist and Aristotelian definitions of the forms. Plato used the notion of a Form mainly for defining the entities and values, including Beauty, Justice, and what is most important the Good. The objective truth is characteristic of these values and is important for reaching the Good and living a good life. The main similarity of the Platonic and Aristotelian forms is in their ability to be the bearers of the objective truth. “The expression ‘the F’ must have been construed as indicating something about the nature of its bearer” (Moravcsik 74). At the same time, the Aristotelian notion of forms differs significantly from his teacher’s concept. The difference between the interpretations of the notion of forms can be viewed within the grammatical framework. Platonic forms correlate with adjectives (beautiful, good) or nouns which define qualities (Beauty, the Good), while Aristotelian forms name ordinary beings and objects (rabbit, tragedy) (Roochnik 161). It is possible to apply the Aristotelian notion of form to species of animal world. Aristotle, for example, used to discuss the form of a rabbit, admitting that it is obviously different from a form of a dog. In this sense, the Aristotelian forms, in contrast to the Platonist theories, do not require climbing up the divided line and have the manifestations in the world of nature. Thus, the Aristotelian contribution to the Platonist theories of forms makes them more realistic and closer to practice, making the practical application of theoretical concepts possible. As opposed to Platonists who insist on climbing the divided line for learning the great truth, Aristotelians are more realistic and place the objects of their interest on earth, often applying their theoretical notions to the world of nature. Instead of turning from this world for the purpose of achieving the purity of forms, as it was proclaimed by Platonists, Aristotelians emphasize the importance of retrieving the objective truth from the outer world by using the human senses and especially vision. The denial fro
Herpes zoster is a viral infection that mainly affects the older people. Its symptoms are a painful skin rash often accompanied by blisters on one area of skin. The virus that causes this dermal condition is the same as that which causes chicken pox (varicella). The only difference is that chicken pox is mainly as a result of initial contact with the virus while zoster is more of a secondary effect. Chicken pox mainly affects children and young people and it is infectious. When it clears, the viruses do not leave the human body completely but instead remain latent and for some reasons these may reactivate causing zoster in the later years. In most cases the viruses resurface when the body’s immune system can no longer contain the virus replication (Eastern, J & Elston , M. n.d) available on http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132465-overview . Herpes zoster vaccine is a drug used to prevent Herpes Zoster outbreaks in adults aged 60 years and above. It is recommended for use in the United States targeting individuals who have a history of chickenpox. However, experts recommend that all persons over the age of 60 get the vaccine, provided their immunity has not been compromised as in the case of HIV/AIDS victims or cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Its use in immunocompromised persons may result in undesirable side effects ( PMC 2008 ) available on http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2324151/ . The vaccine is endorsed by the Food and Drug Administration. This vaccine is given subcutaneously and is a single dose. It should not be used in children (Center for Disease Control and Prevention n.d.) The zoster virus is identical to varicella virus, the virus that causes chicken pox. The vaccine is also closely related to varivax, the vaccine against chicken pox. Its components are similar to those of varicella vaccine but has got a higher virus concentration. Herpes Zoster manifests as a dermal disorder setting itself apart from varicella by the clinical symptoms it exhibits. Persons who have had an earlier exposure to varicella are at a greater risk of developing herpes zoster than those with no exposure. The vaccine is dispensed as Zostavax and is normally stored frozen in temperatures of about -50. It is only removed for reconstitution for injection a few minutes before administration. The reconstituted vaccine should be used within 30 minutes and any remainders discarded. This is owing to the fact that it comprises of live attenuated varicella virus, and must be kept alive for efficacy. The study of the viral behavior of varicella zoster was carried out on human tissue implanted on the SCID-hu mouse. Infection of these skin implants formed the basis for study of the virus and hence the foundation of its attenuation. V-Oka is the strain of varicella- zoster virus used to generate the vaccine. To begin with its pathogenicity was analyzed against that of its parent, P-Oka, and two other strains of varicella-zoster virus; VZV-S (varicella-zoster virus Schenke) which is a clinical isolate strain with low-passage and VZV-Ellen, which is a standard strain used in the laboratory (American Society for Mic
Doctrine is loosely defined as belief in something. Thus, it can be argued that atheism is a doctrine. Socrates was the man who popularized this doctrine. However, a careful examination of Socrates’ point of view will lead to the conclusion that he was not talking about atheism. He was talking about philosophical position against religion. Atheists attempted to prove the non-existence of God by destroying the claims of religion, and this strategy failed. The proponent of this study cannot support the doctrine of atheism, because the idea of the non-existence of God is difficult to defend. Emergence and Promulgation of the Doctrine If ancient philosophers and intellectuals discussed atheism, it was not in the form that is recognizable to 20 th century or 21 st century thinkers. Ancient ideas about atheism can be described as an attempt to experience liberal thinking. This assertion is supported by intellectuals like Jan Bremmer; he argued that in Greek and Roman antiquity atheism failed to develop into a popular ideology with a recognizable following (Hyman 39). It is easy to understand the reason for the failure of atheism by ta
Change Implementation Plan Expanding to other foreign markets will require Aeries to change its structure and operations. A change implementation plan built on one of the proven change management models could help to ensure that the company has enough resources and knowledge to implement and sustain change. The ADKAR model of change management is useful in the context of Aeries since it encompasses different aspects of the company, such as operations, management, and strategy (Malhotra). There are five components of change based on this model: awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement (Malhotra). These components can be translated into the following change implementation plan:  1. Analyze the current cash flow and sales and make forecasts of the potential impact of expansion to other markets.  2. Determine and communicate the potential benefits of change for individuals and teams.  3. Research the potential markets for expansion in terms of competition, profitability, and the company’s operational capacity.  4. Select markets for expansion and analyze them to understand the required alterations to product, design, marketing, and operations.  5. Expand the business by setting up branches in the selected markets, establishing distribution, and increasing production volume.  6. Create a comprehensive plan for future development in each selected market. Personal Recommendations Although the proposed change plan is rather straightforward, there are some things for Aeries to focus on during expansion. First of all, the company needs to research both customers and potential investors from the selected market. This will help the company to gain more cash required for expansion while ensuring that the sales meet expectations. Secondly, despite the negative experience with a marketing manager, the company should consider hiring a person to fill this position. Ideally, for every new market the company selects as part of its expansion, there should be a separate marketing manager with excellent market knowledge. This will ensure that the change is feasible, and the product gains popularity in new markets. While the team has experience with the Chinese market, they are unlikely to build the same level of expertise in other markets in a short timeframe, which is essential to successful expansion. Work Cited Malhotra, Gary. “ ADKAR Model : What Is It and How To Use It? ” Whatfix . 2019. Web.
Introduction Sir Isaac Newton is credited with initiating and developing mathematical theories of ancient geometry into fully developed branch of mathematics we have today. He combined different ideas of early geometers into two unifying themes of the derivation and the integral. The transmission of mathematical knowledge from one culture to the other is a matter of research and debate we don’t intend to go into details. The route of some mathematical ideas can be traced from the ancient Indian astronomers, the exemplary work of Persian geometers and the entire classical Greek world, to mention just a few. He turned these ideas into explicit connections and exploited them as tools for mathematical discoveries. He used integration method to show connections between mathematical formulas and later turned to calculus into great problem solving tool we have today. Development of mathematical theory Newton’s special talent in mathematics started at an early age. By the age of 22, his passion in mathematics had grown even bigger when he started investigating into physics and geometry that later transpired into calculus. He devised various methods of dealing with mathematical problems based on ideas from past geometers like the Greek, Indians, Persians and even Arabs. His first mathematical discoveries were differential and integral calculus and gravitational law. He introduced his own theory of infinitely small numbers (infinitesimals) which was the best solution to finding the areas of derivatives or slopes. He also invented a mathematical symbolic language subsequently creating a new mathematical subject known us calculus which was part of his scientific inventions of motions and magnitudes (Sandnes & Rasmussen, 2005). By 1666, Newton had developed a new form of mathematics known as the calculus subsequently developing into derivation and integration methods. Though afraid of criticism, his methods were never publicized and shifted his focus into tangent problems since he believed calculus was a metaphysical explanation of change he planned to look into in future. His central focus was to formalize the inverse properties between the integral and the differential; this was the first calculus system where he created new rhetoric and descriptive terms. Primarily due to his hard work and ability to synthesize the insights around him into a universal algorithmic
Introduction Over the last several years, there has been concern on how community organizations are run. While some people have called for better and efficient, other people have still been going for autocratic decision making type of leadership. An efficient management system should have a room for everyone where every stakeholder feels that he or she is involved in the management while autocratic leadership is usually a one man’s show. In case of a community organization, it is important to understand the importance of managing the organization efficiently as everybody in the community looks upon you. The leadership of the organization is thereby very important as most of the times it is the sole determiner on the performance of the organization. For the leadership to be successful, management needs to balance on how power, governance and accountability are portrayed in the community organization. If the management is able to achieve a balance between how these three are managed, the community organization can run to success very easily (Zadek 2006). It is in that line that this paper will discuss on how the management of a community organization can apply power, governance and accountability leading to the success of the organization. Community Organization Community organization is defined as the planned process through which a community is encouraged to use the resources existing within its vicinity or at their disposal to enhance their lives or in order to achieve some of the goals and objectives it might be in need of (Hardina 2002). Community organizations thus engage in activities such as health issues and social problems. Most of the times, community organizations are ran by community representatives and they are usually supposed to manage the organization i