ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
China is one of the ancient civilizations that has outlasted its counterparts in antiquity. Great civilizations such as the Greek, Egyptian, and Roman among others have long ceased to be a major part in the global community. The Chinese civilization has endured for thousands of years because of their isolation from the rest of the world and is now beginning to open up as a major player in the international community. The key factor in the unification of the Chinese people is their adherence to the standardized belief system employed by the empire. The prevalent system in the Chinese belief system is Confucianism. Confucius was born in an aristocratic family in East China in a small estate called Lu. Confucius was born and he lived in the period of the Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty was established on the system of feudalism under the central government the empire was divided into many feudal states, each one was headed by members of the royal house or those who were rewarded for having rendered outstanding service to the state. (Xinzhong 2000, 22) This system worked at the time that people were demanded to be obedient to the ruling family of the territories they occupied. The need for military power increased as the centralized government needed powerful families in order to keep the people from revolting because the Chinese empire has one other concern that they would need to be wary of, those of the nomadic tribes of the north, the Mongols. Confucianism was adopted by the ruling elite of the empire as the teachings emphasized that moral goodness is depended on the part of each person has to. What the person has to do is dictated by the ruling classes which were the ruling families and the administrators of the empire. (Ebrey 1996 65). Complete disobedience to the social norms was morally sound in Confucianism. This is vital in order to for the system of centralized government to check any outsider thoughts which would be sown in the minds of the citizens. Disarray and incoherence of the social structure were added upon the method of rectified as a solution. Other thinkers set up different philosophies with Confucius being the most important of them. He believed the chaos and disorder developed from the misuse and abuse of ritual/propriety and music. He described these as the decay of ritual/propriety and the collapse of music. Unable to endure this state of affairs, Confucius embarked upon a life-long enterprise to restore the value of rituals and to propagate the rules of propriety. (Xinzhong 2000, 22) Confucian thought dictated that in order to be maintained the social norms of the Chinese society should be synthesized in line with the nature of man, which is to do good. Those standards are adopted by the empire, its administrators up to the ruling families of the different territories of the empire. It is assumed that man naturally needs to do good in order for harmony to be present in the society which he is a part of. In order to set up guidelines for good family and social life, Confucius reinterpreted the meaning and methods of learning and education of the traditions of the society he is a p
The entertainment field has lately experienced a storming phase as various captivating programs have hit the TV stations. You could hear friends shouting “it’s time to meet the big brother” or “My American idol is on now,” among many other programs. This would mark the end of whatever activity being undertaken and subsequent rush to keep time and not to miss that favorite TV program. Everything has to be stopped and my friends have to be among many other millions who will be sitting in front of a TV set hopefully and eagerly waiting for the program of choice to be aired. They have developed a craving for these programs and have gradually become addicted to them. Reality shows started back in 1992 with MTV’s “The real world.” Later, other programs like Temptation Island, Who wants to marry my dad, Big Brother Africa, Blind date, and The fear factor among others followed. Consequently, dating games, contests, and other programs depicting people performing their normal daily chores are on the increase, only that every new one is more outrageous than the previous ones. It follows that millions of people watch and promptly follow through these programs with thousands of others applying to be on the shows or part of the show. On the same note, it is that these popular shows have an effect on the way we think about privacy, money, fame, drama, and the way we value the above-mentioned aspects of life. These program
Description The first article focuses on efforts made by activists, lawyers, and patients in championing for euthanasia rights in Canada (Martin 1). The individuals mentioned in the article are Sue Rodriguez, Véronique Hivon, Justice John Sopinka, Lee Carter, and Hollis Johnson. The article asserts that in the year 1993, Rodriquez petitioned in vain to the Supreme Court of Canada to allow her to undertake euthanasia (Martin 1). She suffers from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. At the time of the appeal, Hivon was a law student. The two individuals have become renowned in North America for championing for recognition of assisted suicides as a human right. The article points out that Hivon is eagerly waiting for a fast-approaching Supreme Court case aimed at resolving the position of the country’s top court of law concerning criminal code barring euthanasia in Canada (Martin 1). The hearing will be relying on Carter v. Canada Case, which had been ruled earlier. The case involved Gloria Taylor and Kathleen Carter. Taylor like Rodriguez had contracted amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Kathle
Background Ursula M. Burns is both the chief executive officer (CEO) and chairwoman of Xerox. According to Byrnes and Crockett (2009), Burns is the first woman CEO of African American descent to ‘head a Fortune 500 company’ (Byrnes & Crockett, 2009). Incidentally, Burns also succeeded a woman at the helm of Xerox (Anne Mulcahy), in 2009 (Morris, 2007). Born in 1958 to Panamanian immigrants Ursula Burns was raised in a housing project in New York City. After high school, Burns joined the NYU Polytechnic Institute for her mechanical engineering degree. A year later, she obtained her master degree in the same field at Columbia University. Her first stint at Xerox was as an intern in the summer of 1980 (BlackEntrepreneurProfile.com, n. d.) and after completing her masters degree, she was involved in several planning and products development roles. In 1990, Wayland Hicks, a senior executive at Xerox, appointed Ms. Burns as his executive secretary. Her dedication and hard work saw her rise through the ranks to the position of vice-president in-charge of global manufacturing in 1999. A year later, Burns was appointed senior vice president of the company. Nine years later, she became the first-ever woman CEO of African American Descent to head Xerox. Xerox Corporation Xerox Corporation is a document management company with operations in 160 countries across the globe. The company was founded in 1906 and is one of the Fortune 500 companies. It has also been listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Ellis, 2006). The company is involved in the production and sale of a wide range of black-and-white as well as color printers, photo copiers, multifunction systems, supplies, consulting services, and digital production printing presses, among other products. Although Xerox still remains a global brand, it has entered into strategic joint ventures with a number of companies to better serve its target market (Ellis, 2006). For example, in Japan, the company has entered into a joint venture with Fuji Photo Film Co., a photo graphic firm. This joint venture allows Fuji Film to both manufacture and sell Xerox’s products in the Asia-Pacific region. Xerox also runs a subsidiary in India, Xerox India. Today, Xerox is a global enterprise worth $ 22 billion (Mattioli, 2011). Xerox Corporation is characterized by a tall organizational structure. Under this structure, managers at Xerox enjoy a narrow span of control. This allows for close supervision of the employees as each manager has a few numbers of employees to watch over. Responsibility of Ursula Burns as CEO of Xerox Since taking over as CEO at Xerox, Ms. Burns has been actively involved in the transformation of the company into a service-oriented organization, against a backdrop of increasing digital technology that has slowly eaten into Xerox’s conventional hardware line (Mattioli, 2011). Ms. Burns anticipates that within a period of three years, Xerox Corporation will most likely realize two-thirds of its revenue from “services”. In addition, Ms. Burns anticipates Xerox to win contracts to manage the back office operations of other companies. Such operations include human resources and printing, among others. O
Chronic pain in old people affects individuals and families in different ways. Chronic pain is more common and severe among older people, who in addition to normal physical limitations that come with aging, end up dealing with the associated range of issues. Some of the effects occur at the individual level while others occur at the family level, with potential impacts on the community. The impacts also take on two major forms. They can be physical or psychological (Better Health Channel, 2011). The physical effects of chronic pain on individuals come from the discomfort the pain causes, and the treatment and interventions required to manage the pain (Dewar, 2007). Pains like backaches, joint and bone pains limit motion. Depending on the severity, it may stop them from participating in simple chores such as household cleaning. It also makes it difficult for them to participate in demanding activities such as jogging, walking, or prolonged standing. Very severe pain may make it necessary for the person to have full time attention from someone else to help with simple tasks such as eating, going to the bathroom, and taking a shower. Some physical effects may arise from dependency on painkillers due to the associated side effects (Virir, 2009). The psychological effects come from the realization that due to the chronic pain, someone needs to adjust his lifestyle in order to manage the pain. This sense of being limited results in stress especially because it may be necessary to rely on people for activities someone has always done for themselves such as doing the laundry. People who had very active lifestyles may suffer from severe depression especially if the onset of the pain is sudden. Generally, human beings do not adjust too well to sudden permanent changes especially if they lose some of the freedom they have enjoyed. The families of old people with chronic pain also go through a number of impacts because of the presence of som
The articles under discussion are devoted to the analysis of the Iraq problem from different perspectives. Thus, Biddle, Friedman, and Long focus on the evaluation of foreign intervention in the Iraq War. The key feature of the analysis resides in the fact that they treat the US intervention reservedly, putting the main emphasis on the intervention of the neighboring countries. On the contrary, Moaddel, Tessler, and Inglehart, in their turn draw the readers’ attention to the negative outcomes of the US participation in Iraq’s conflict. Therefore, the key target of scientists’ research is to prove the assumption that foreign occupation increases the so-called “national pride” and results, consequently, in the rejection of the moral values that the foreign militarists try to impose. In the meantime, both research papers base on a similar study structure – they provide a detailed elucidation of the literature background, foreground a hypothesis, describe the research design and discuss the findings. It is critical to note that the articles’ issue dates back to a similar time period; hence, their authors regard the events from a similar point. First, and foremost, it is critical to examine the basic structure of the two research papers in order to compare the frameworks within which the authors of the articles carried out their studies. From this perspective, Biddle, Friedman, and Long try to test their hypothesis with the help of comparative analysis. The scientists work out a table illustrating the data on foreign interventions in the inner conflict in different regions around the world. Such an approach enables the authors to draw consistent conclusions based on the empirical evidence retrieved from historical experience. Moaddel, Tessler, and Inglehart, in their turn, employ another approach to hypothesis testing. The authors use a survey in order to answer the research question. Their choice of the study’s design might be explained by the fact that their variables have a more ambiguous character than those in the first article. In other words, national pride is one of the aspects that cannot be properly assessed with the help of the historic data; instead, they are to be analyzed through the lens of individual opinions on the relevant phenomenon. It is also important to note that this survey has some implications for the negative outcomes of the American invasion, whereas the previous study does not include this issue in general research. The key point to be analyzed in the framework of comparing the two studies is the way they address the US invasion. Thus, Biddle, Friedman, and Long’s rhetoric, concerning US participation in the conflict, is rather appraising. The authors believe that “preventing the war from spreading via foreign intervention” was the main aim of the American military forces (Biddle, Friedman and Long 85). Another peculiar feature of their
Introduction The rapid changes and technological developments recorded in the field of science have presented greater ethical concerns that human beings should take seriously than ever before. Some few proponents of germline genetic research and enhancement have indicated that the initiative is capable of delivering individuals who can excel in the global society and even have immunity against some of the dangerous diseases affecting humanity today, such as HIV/AIDS. While this field is still in its infancy, its social, ethical, and moral implications remain controversial. The discussion presented below gives a detailed analysis of the subject of genetically modified babies and the ethical values associated with the entire scientific process. First Genetic Modified Twins The Chinese government has been keen to support adequate financial support to different scientific and technological institutions to advance the field of biomedical research. In November 2018, Jian-Kui HE revealed to the world that he had succeeded in producing “the world’s first germline gene-edited babies and that these babies are immune to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)” (Li et al. 32). Many people received this information with great shock since it revolved around a major area that was governed by legal and ethical principles. The move was capable of defeating or undermining the moral objectives of human technology and biomedical research. The report also triggered numerous discussions and analyzes regarding the social, political, and economic issues revolving around gene-editing practices. In China, the government indicated that such a practice or experimentation was against the local and international norms relating to human and clinical research activities. Scientific Technique Jian-Kui He’s story began when he started a biological project aimed at meeting the needs of persons who had fertility issues. He provided in vitro fertilization to such individuals to ensure that their babies did not have HIV/ADS even if one of the parents had the deadly disease. He considered the power of CRISPR gene editing to modify their DNAs. This is a bio-molecular technique that focuses on the CRISPR-Ca9 to edit the genome of a living organization. Such a technology entails the delivery of Cas9 nuclease combined with a guide RNA (gRNA) to the targeted genome. This method makes it easier for scientists to add or remove genes in vivo (Li et al. 33). Jian-Kui HE edited the CCR5 gene of the acquired in an attempt to provide HIV resistance to the embryos. Such a process made it possible for Chinese scientists to deliver gene-edited twins for the first time in the world. The two of these girls were given the names Nana and Lulu respectively (Li et al. 33). The seriousness and nature of this story resulted in widespread disparagement in the fields of medicine, science, and technology. People’s Views and Opinions At first, many people in China were pleased with the breakthrough since they viewed it as a powerful practice for promoting gene editing and making it a powerful tool for preventing a wide range of diseases affectin
The brand pronunciation was the “wrong message” that everybody drew from the Grey Poupon advertisement. Grey Poupon’s banned parody commercial was supposed to advertise the Dijon mustard product. Consumers misunderstood the purpose of the advertisement because of the way the word Poupon was pronounced. As a result, the product was outlawed in the country. This is significant in the hospitality industry because it emphasizes the value of selecting the correct brand name, one that is not insulting and can be pronounced differently to convey various meanings. It’s also important to devote more time to advertising to create a commercial that appeals to customers without being offensive. Malcolm’s hero was Howard Moskowitz who made a breakthrough in the reinvention of spaghetti sauce. After conducting experiments to determine the right one, Moskowitz found that there was no perfect spaghetti sauce but the ideal ones (Gladwell, 2004). Moskowitz was able to recognize the value of providing customers with a range of goods. Marketers had previously believed that customers sought the “best” cup of coffee or sauce. However, according to Moskowitz’s study, various customers fall into different categories. Howard Moskowitz uncovered horizontal segmentation and how extending a product line could improve revenue and satisfy more consumers than the ideal segment. Moskowitz explained that in the perfect hierarchy of products when a customer selects a more costly commodity, businesses think that they consider themselves to be higher up in the food chain and hence likely to buy more. The discovery demonstrated that survey research is critical to any company because it depicts consumers’ desires. The finding also shows the importance of developing a range of goods to meet the needs of clients based on their financial resources. Hospitality managers need to understand that the food industry has changed from universal cooking/products to the understanding of variability. Reference Gladwell, M. (2004). Choice, happiness and spaghetti sauce [Video]. TED: Ideas worth spreading. Web.
Writing an argument essay would need some guidelines for you to have an effective one. Unlike any other essay, an argumentative essay needs to be planned out well. You need to have the required contents of this type of essay for you to create the perfect argument essay. Here are the guidelines that you can follow. Find a Good Topic The first thing that you can do is to find a good topic for your argument essay. Find a topic where you can have an argument. Find one that will have conflicting points. It is not enough that you have a topic, but you need to have a topic that deeply interests you. Choose one topic where you can search for supporting ideas for whatever side you may be in. Take a Side After choosing a topic for your argument essay, consider both of the sides of the topic and present a list of points of both sides of the argument and assess each side. However, towards the end of the argument essay, you should conclude that your site is the best. In planning for an argument, you need to take the other sides strong points and be sure to retaliate with it with your own argument. Gather Your Evidence This is what would help you shoot the strong points of the other side in an argument essay. You need to gather as much evidence that you can to support your point, and this will give you a strong argumentative essay. You are Ready To Write After doing the above-mentioned plans, you are now ready to write your very own argument essay. This is the part where you will be presenting the things that you need to present to prove that your argument stands strong in the argument essay that you are making.
Introduction With over 3000 different genes detected, it is important for science to use genetic tests in achieving different kinds of results. As much as the idea presents itself in social and ethical issues, the practice has assisted scientists in detecting numerous diseases that are genetically caused. In addition, an investigation into a person’s gene helps in preventing such diseases that may otherwise be caused genetically. Basically, scientists have established that being aware of ones genetic pattern appears to be one of the best ways that can be used to prevent different kinds of diseases from attacking a potential patient. On the other hand it can be used in curing certain diseases that are caused genetically. There are many advantages that can be got from the science of genetics. This includes; the awareness of some diagnostic information for mothers in pre-natal care and the proper handling of babies who have immediately been born. Other advantages include detesting symptoms of certain cancerous diseases and other types of diseases like Huntington’s disease. Genetic science can also be useful in forensic issues. Due to the liability that may be caused through a breech of confidence in an individual, more people are shying away from exposing their genetic identity in public. As a matter of fact insurers and employers have not embraced the idea of ensuring that their employees undergo a scan. They may see it as an important source of information for employee productivity and effectiveness. The question has been whether information from genetic testing should be exposed or held back. Different sources of information have addressed this debate. Our main task is to analyze this debate, mainly from a scholarly perspective and also from the perspective of the popular press. We will then analyze the different languages that have been used from diverse sources in order to make a conclusion about the debate. I will finally give a personal judgment about the whole controversial issue while stating reasons why I lean towards any particular direction. Yes: Information should be made available for use by Employers and Insures Scholarly View Clearly, this issue has heated up debate in the developed world. Insurance companies and other employers argue that providing the genetic status of an individual is just the same as providing much another health record. They have assumed that employees and the person who is assured provide this information with c