ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Overview, Definition, and Statistics Cognitive disabilities include developmental and intellectual disabilities, Down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorders (Mackelprang and Salsgiver 371). One type of disability may differ significantly from another, but they can be characterized by some similar factors. For instance, difficulty concentrating, learning new information, generalizing and structuring facts, and using language as a way of expressing one’s toughs in both oral and written form define cognitive disabilities and show that these conditions are very critical. According to the annual report of disability statistics which examines the health of the US citizens, cognitive disabilities can affect people from every age group. While other types of disabilities become much more frequent with age, cognitive conditions do not see a significant increase in this group, rising only from 4 percent of individuals from 5 to 17 years to 9 percent for people from 65 years and over (Kraus 13). Around 25 percent of people with cognitive disabilities were employed in 2016, which shows that this issue affects all groups of people and significantly affects one’s ability to work. Impact on Health and Risk Factors It is necessary to note that people with cognitive disabilities often require more help from medical institutions than other patients. The inability of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities to participate in everyday life limits the reach of health promotion programs, which leads to more health-related issues. Thus, all spheres of one’s well-being can be endangered by the fact that they do not receive enough support and recognition. Furthermore, the oral health of these individuals, among other areas of treatment, may also lack proper attention. There are many risk factors for people with cognitive disabilities that limit their access to proper healthcare. The ability to afford healthcare services, for instance, often becomes a problem for disabled people with low incomes. Possible physical barriers that are caused by facilities not being equipped to accommodate persons with disabilities often restrict the access to healthcare for these individuals. The problem of inadequacy that may limit the workers’ knowledge about the disabled person may discourage the latter from seeking proper help on time. Oral Health Prevention an
Well-being of any country consists of different aspects of economic, political and social situations. Well-being of the country is connected with the happiness of its citizens. Measures of well-being include GDP, economic well-being, individual living conditions and happiness of the citizens (Stiglitz, Sen and Fitoussi). GDP is the level and market value of goods produced on the territory of the country within a certain period of time. Although, GDP is considered to be one of the most important factors influencing the prosperity of the country, there are some factors which do not increase well-being such as depreciation, the belonging of most incomes to foreigners and security expenditure. Economic well-being is considered to be a broad concept including different aspects of material life. Non-market activity, GDP, wealth and leisure influence the level of economic well-being. Individual living conditions depend not only on the level of income per citizen but also non-material aspects such as health, education, life expectancy and the state of environment. One of the main aims of any country is the happiness of its citizens. The happiness depends on life and work satisfactions, family and friends. Despite the increase of economy in many countries, the level of happiness does not change during a long period of time (Deutsche Bank Research). The level of well-being differs in many countries. There is the highest level of well-being in European and American developed countries and the lowest one in the countries of Latin America, Africa and Asia. Politicians of different countries look for the means of increasing the level of well-being. Let us have a closer look at the Indian state of Goa where the level of well-being is not very high. This state is known for picturesque beaches which attract tourists from around the whole world on the one hand and for iron ore industry on the other hand. This state produces 60 percent of iron ore exports of the country. There is an abyss between beautiful beaches and pockmarked territory inside the state. The development of mining has influenced the environment of this state. Deforestation and air pollution are the main problems of the state of Goa. Nevertheless, the development of mining has increased the level of economic well-being. New jobs have been created and the level of unemployment has become lower, the standards of health and education have been improved and much money has spent on the improvement of the state of Goa. This state is one of the brightest examples when the development of mining put the problems with environment protection aside. As has been highlighted above the level of well-being of any country depends not only on eco
Organizations in today’s business world are obliged to be actively involved in the development of employee wellness programs to enhance the motivation and satisfaction levels of human assets. The wellness programs are also beneficial to the organizations because they result in an increase in the performance of the employees, and a reduction of the financial liabilities to the organizations, especially if the wellness programs focus on promoting the health of the employees (Plump & Ketchen, 2013). Pitney-Bowes and Johnson and Johnson (J&J) are some of the companies that have traditionally focused on the development of employee wellness programs that primarily focus on health. The two companies have demonstrated various similarities and differences in their approaches to enhancing the wellness status of their human resources. This paper focuses on the differences and similarities of the wellness programs in the two companies, with a close focus on their strategic perspectives, factors driving the wellness initiatives, their vertical and horizontal alignment, key program features, and future considerations for the respective companies. Strategic Perspectives J&J has traditionally focused on the development of a health and wellness program as part of its employee benefits program. The company first developed a wellness program in 1979, and it has maintained the program ever since. The program’s main perspective is the development of a healthy workforce. The company emphasizes three major areas of wellness, which include healthy eating, physical activities, and the elimination of obesity. Basically, the company ensures that the employees are mobilized to adopt a lifestyle that is associated with the embracement of preventive approaches for various health issues. The current program also provides support to people with various disabilities to help them cope w
Ten years have lapsed since Odysseus led the Trojan War and won eternal glory for himself. He struggles to reach his kingdom, Ithaka due to Gods’ will. Meanwhile, his wife Penelope and son Telemakhos have to put up with suitors who pillage their land and feed on their reserves. Telemakhos is too weak to retaliate and poor Penelope earns the wrath of the suitors as she declines their offers. The suitors are barbarous as they plunder the wealth and at the same time, woo the lady. Both mother and son suffer insults and abuse simultaneously. The suitors remain unaware that their crude behavior to Odysseus has flaunted the laws of the Gods and punishment would follow. Antinous is impudent. Another suitor, Cterippen is arrogant, Eurymakhos is foul and each of the other suitors walks to death. This reminds us of their wrong deeds to Odysseus’ family to the displeasure of the Gods. At the end of book XX, we find the suitors reacting impudently to Telemakhos and it is certainly true that human participants with these events are truly responsible for their own actions. “Telemakhos, no man is a luckier host When it comes to what the cat dragged in. What burning Eyes your beggar had for bread and wine!”(387) More about The Odyssey Who is Hermes in the Odyssey? 5 1116 Which Greek values are found in The Odyssey? 4.7 5686 How Long did Odysseus Stay with Calypso? 5 227 What does Tiresias tell Odysseus 4.5 5296 How is Odysseus an Epic Hero? 5 149 How does Odysseus escape from Polyphemus? 5 673 Athena has robbed them of their wits. She manipulates the suitors, egging on their abuse of Odysseus in order to enrage him further. When Odysseus, disguised as a beggar reaches his palace, Antinous throws a stool at him and rebukes him. Each suitor in his own way curses the beggar in every possible manner. It is believed that Gods lift their favorite mortals to success and ensure that their enemies are crushed just as Athena does with Odysseus and the sui
Introduction The most successful business organizations in today’s business world started small. It is normally the hope of the visionary founders of any business organization that, their venture will continue to realize improved financial performance and expand in terms of increasing its capital base and winning new business deals. Even though, a prolonged monopoly in a relatively new market can give a new business entrant an upper hand, leadership and management play a critical role in determining how well and quick an organization manages to realize sustainable growth and expansion especially in a market with well-established competitors. This task is a case analysis of Michael Eisner’s management success story, which positioned Walt Disney Co. as a competitive force in the dynamic American and global entertainment industry. How skills for a successful manager at Disney have changed over the decades Two brothers, Walter Disney and Roy Disney in 1923, founded Walt Disney Corporation, popularly known as Disney. In terms of revenue generation, Disney is currently the largest media corporation in the world (Draft & Marcic 2005, p.593). Disney has managed to establish itself as a leader in the American animation industry. The Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group is a common household name and this popularizes the Walt Disney Corporation. It is presently one of the biggest and well-known studios in Hollywood. Disney’s fortunes and the emergence as a giant entertainment company are attributed to the leadership of Michael Eisner. According to Draft & Marcic (2005, p. 593), Michael Eisner’s management of the loved Disney brand is one the great management stories of the twentieth century. Even though, changing times in business bring up need for new skills in doing things, viable corporate values should be preserved. For instance, with Disney’s expansion into new global markets such as Asia, Australia and New Zealand, a successful manager at Disney must have proven international business management skills. Such skills would enable a successful manager at Disney guide branch managers in winning the loyalty of customers in new global markets. A proficient manager should for instance, be able to know how to deal with foreign customer’s reaction to foreign products introduced by Disney. In addition, given the firm foundation established by Walt and his brother, a successful manager over the decades have had be flexible in his or her personal managerial approach and leadership style. Such flexibility would enable him or her adjust successfully to all manners of changes taking place in the industry in order to sustain the Disney’s enormous market niche. In particular, a successful manager at Disney over the decades has had to be sensitive to technological changes touching on Disney’s line of business. It is important to note that technology changes so fast such that it can be challenging at times to keep pace with it. Therefore, a successful manager over the decades at Disney decades had to be able to influence all relevant stakeholder
The ever-changing global climatic condition is one of the primary concerns of all global communities, because of the prevalent effects of such changes in most global societies. Over the recent past many calamities for example, food shortages, earthquakes, floods, and extended drought spans have befall many countries whereby, the most affected are developing countries, because most of them lack the required technologies and expertise to deal with calamities. That is to say, great environmental polluters are developed countries, which have ventured into heavy industrialization and production processes with little consideration of the nature of effects their industrial ventures have on the environment. Majority of developed and developing countries for example, the U.S. and China have failed to heed to the call of the need to save Mother Nature through implementation of pollution mitigating measures, for example, the Kyoto protocol (National Development and Reform Commission, pp. 1-7). Globally, China is the second biggest environmental polluter, a fact that research findings attribute to its extensive industrial ventures, as the country has struggled since time memorial to avoid instances of energy deficits and economic crunches occurring. To meet its energy demands, it utilises coal as the primary source of electrical energy, which it uses to run most of its production and manufacturing plants. This is the fact that has made the World Health Organisation (WHO) to name China as the primary producer of the World’s deadliest hazardous gases. According to the WHO annual reports on effects of air pollutions on the Chinese citizens, annually more than six hundred and fifty six thousand Chinese citizens die of complications resulting from inhalation of dangerous industrial gas emissions; hence, an evidence of the contributions of China to global climate changes. Other sources of pollution in China include industrial discharges and emissions from automobiles, because of its extensive transport system (Platt p.1). Although China is one of the greatest world polluters, the good thing with the Chinese Government is that, it acknowledges the impacts of its practises on global climate. Such acknowledgements have made the Chinese government to formulate a number pollution control measures, although other global communities argue that, China’s policies clash with other nations’ environmental policies. Such blames on china were evident in recent Copenhagen summit, whereby other global communities blamed it for its increased pollution rates and refusal to give access to the world pollution monitoring bodies to ascertain its emission rate (McCarthy, p.1). China like any other country has had its share of the ever-worsening clim
Introduction The metamorphosis of global gender politics has been rapid, yet profoundly mundane especially, in bringing socio-economic and political changes that may end the gender disparities (Cynthia, Schad & Fullon 2009). Over the years, the history of societies rested on agriculture during early renaissance when states emerged and male dominion took shape in these early societies. Early in the 20 th century, both genders practically occupied conspicuously different roles in the society. For instance, the place of a woman in the society was viewed generally to be somewhere in the kitchen, while a men occupied a vocational place in the public sphere. From these conceptions, it is clear that the gender equation between especially in the concept of equality were a thrush against the aspirations of socio-economic and political aspects within the realms of the wider societal thinking (Zuckerman & Greenberg 2004, p. 23). The society, as Nordstrom (1999, p. 17), expressed these relationships in the patterns or forms of behaviour that the society considers to bring about ethical interaction between members of different genders. However, the essence of these gender equations was to create social harmony especially in light of what favours men. Changes that feminism and gender lenses can bring to global politics must seek to bring forth new opportunities and new hope not only for women but also to the greater good of the society. The need to change the status quo While the differences, especially in the gender roles offers that many women in the society are confined in the domestic net, the tussle against gender equality represents the many men in the society who are adept at their masculinity and would always want the status quo unchallenged (Shepherd 2014, p. 34). This is so because the common rule that informs these unbiased structures favours men at the expense of women. Unbiased legislation of the position of women in the society in general is a perpetuation of how this society loathes gender equality. Expressly, much of the agitation for gender equality must seek to explore the general concerns of women in the society, singling out the role of women against their male counterparts to inject gender equality in the society’s mind-set. Keeping in mind that a f
Introduction Yearly, youths are arrested allegedly accused of committing status offences such as being incorrigible, truant, running away from home or involving themselves in underage drinking or drug abuse. More worse is that many of the juveniles involve themselves in violent criminal activities such as street gang, rape, robbery burglary and theft. They end up in the court systems where they face charges of their wrong doings. There are strong evidences showing that status offenders are at high risk of indulging into more serious criminal activities resulting into their arrest and charged in the criminal justice system. Researches also indicate that those who end up in criminal justice system face abuse and often neglected. However, the situation in the criminal justice system is different from juvenile justice system because often correctional measures are the main goal in the juvenile justice system. Within the criminal justice jurisdiction, juveniles are considered to be minors and cannot be held responsible for some of the crimes they do commit. Juvenile justice is primarily a matter of state and is separated from the normal criminal justice system for adults. Though many youths enter into the criminal status offence courts, a number of issues have been raised over the years. This paper will be looking into these issues beginning with the historical background, the current issues and the procedures involved in the status offence proceedings. Historical overview There has been a strong belief that juveniles should be treated differently than adults when convicted of an offence more so in the criminal justice system. This belief has been held over the centuries until in the nineteenth century when the distinction was made. Disagreements normally arise on the roles of juvenile courts in determining the type of punishments for the status offenders. Those who hold the divergent view argue that the authorization of the criminal justice for such offenders is unjustified since they are not aged enough for the punishments (Elrod and Ryder, 2011). On the contrary, there are those who hold that the court system established for the purposes of enhancing juvenile discipline is warranted. The argument is that such a system is essential in promoting security and safety within the society as well as towards the children. Despite the fact that differences exist between the juvenile and criminal court system procedures, there are established laws that ensure control over the proceedings of juvenile status offences as well as juvenile delinquents. These laws have been continuously improved over the years. Current situation The increase in the number of serious juvenile criminal activities and status offences made thousands of youths transferred from juvenile justice system to adult’s courts every year. Though, in some states the transfer was automatic for some offences, different laws were applied for different cases. The variations in the applicability of these laws also
Introduction In the modern high-competitive world, companies develop various strategies to promote their products and services. One such strategy is using music and relying on its effectiveness on consumers. A recent study suggests that music has the ability to influence attention span and product evaluation (Kim 215). Moreover, with the spread of COVID-19 affecting multiple areas of life, consumer behavior is also changing. People from different generations tend to prefer online shopping these days, so research recommends implementing more music in online stores (Kim 214-215). With that being said, one can assume that music has the power to persuade consumers. The Use of Music First, to support the proposed above assumption, there is a need to analyze how music affects consumers in general. Music can affect people at cognitive, affective, and behavioral levels. While some companies may pay more attention to changing consumer behavior, the two former levels should not be omitted (Sunaga 253). At the cognitive level, music attracts attention and enhances recall, whereas the affective level improves attitude towards the advertised product or service (Sunaga 253). Overall, for a longer-lasting effect of an advertisement, companies should consider tunes that impact each of the mentioned levels. Next, the use of music in advertising needs to be explored more. Research suggests that the rational use of music can promote emotional integration and increase consumption impulse (Hou et al. 252). Furthermore, different types of music in a store can affect the time that the customer spends purchasing (Hou et al. 252). Music enhances the visual experience of an advertisement and impacts brand information transmission (Hou et al. 251). In other words, music can be used to build a brand personality that forms associations and attitudes towards a company, service, or product (Hou et al. 251). The brand attitude will be superior when evoked by a pleasant sound rather than an unpleasant one (Hou et al. 252). Moreover, in different market segments, consumers’ emotional experiences from the same music can vary (Hou et al. 265). Therefore, there is a need to analyze the effectiveness of music. The Effectiveness of Music Music’s effectiveness in advertising can be examined based on consumer response. The response can vary in relation to a person’s previous experiences with music and different listening occasions (Craton et al. 20). Previous experiences depend on the consumer’s access to the entire catalog of recorded music, whereas listening occasions can be voluntary or involuntary and happen during activities or within a program content (Craton et al. 20). Moreover, the effectiveness of music depends on its congruency to the context of the marketing message. If the meaning of music in the advertisement does not comply with the context of its message, the consumer’s cognitive resources are focused on finding a connection and not on the product itself (Sunaga 254). Therefore, the effectiveness increases when music is congruent with the message. For example, research shows that tasting wines while listening to matc