ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Industry Growth   * fastest-growing markets.   * increased sales (16%).   * S&P Health Care index grew 9.5% by the end of 2010.   * overall sector increase by 3.2%.   * S&P 1500 Composite Stock index raised by 14.2%. Medical appliances and supplies industry is raising in spite of the fact that the healthcare reform caused some difficulties and hospitals are unable o buy high-cost equipment. Looking at the industry, it is possible to notice rapid growth which is currently observed. This growth is also provided by the increase of relying on international sales and emerging markets (Seligman n.p.) Competitive Segments and Growth of Segments High demand is observed in the following spheres:   * radiation-oncology equipment.   * cardiovascular equipment.   * orthopedics equipment. Looking at the industry segment, it is important to stress on cardiovascular, radiation-oncology and orthopedics equipment sales raise. These products are in higher demand then others, therefore, the hospitals are looking for the best prices (Seligman n.p.). In spite of the fact hat the hospitals are searching for lower prices, they investment in innovation technologies remain an important issue. There are no that many competitive segments, but the competition within a segment is severe. Therefore, XIENCE DES and PROMUS are two highly competitive companies in the cardiovascular equipment segment (Seligman n.p.). Vertical Integration There is a trend toward vertical integration in this industry. In particular larger companies strive to strive to acquire the intermediaries which manufacture some of the parts necessary for their products. The main goals for this backward integration are as follows:  1. Improved production capacity;  2. Decreased cost of production;  3. Ability to take control over the supplier. There is a marked tendency toward backward integration in this industry (IBISWorld, unpaged). Such alliances enable the companies to better control the manufacturing process and ensure the highest quality of products. This strategy is also aimed at decreasing the bargaining power of suppliers. Technological Change Technological change can be observed in every segment of this industry. Technological innovation ensures the following benefits:  1. Competitive advantages over rivals, especially if we speak about break-through technologies that have been patented by the companies.  2. Decreased costs of production which can be insured by the use of synthetic mat
Nurse understaffing has many negative effects on the quality of services provided and leads to many financial problems in healthcare facilities. Nurse understaffing leads to medic errors and higher mortality rates, nurses’ overload, fatigue, dissatisfaction, and as a result, nursing professionals’ turnover (Patterson, 2011). All these problems are associated with losses for the hospital. It is possible to consider a number of effective strategies that will not require large budgets. For example, medical errors lead to additional financial costs as hospital facilities have to address legal issues, provide additional services and/or compensations. The value of the unpaid overtime work is not very high and, hence, nurses simply get tired and stressed. Turnover of nurses is also associated with financial losses for healthcare units, as hospitals need to search for, hire and train new nurses, which is associated with additional costs (Patterson, 2011). Many ways and methods to address the problem exist. For example, some areas have specific regulations that set mandatory overtime work for nursing professionals (Bae, Brewer & Kovner, 2011). However, it is clear that this strategy is not effective as it leads to even more problems as nurses do not want to work extra hours and the value of their unpaid overtime work is very low. Bae et al. (2011) stress that, in areas, where such mandatory regulations do not exist, nurses are more eager to work overtime and the value of their overtime work is higher. Hence, mandatory overtime work cannot be used. The interviewed people believe that hiring part-time nurses will be very effective. This will not need a large budget as the nurses will be employed and will work in periods when they are most needed. There is no need to pay salaries for full-time jobs, as there are specific hours when nursing services are most needed and the existing staff cannot provide the necessary amount of services. It is also important to use effective software systems that will identify the hours when additional nurses are needed. Patterson (2011) stresses that an effective computerized system can identify the periods when additional staff is required. Part-time nurses should come at such periods. Development and implementation of the computerized system will need some additional costs. However, the budget will not be large and will lead to significant improvements. Finally, it is suggested that nurses should get bonuses for their overtime work. Again, this is not associated with large costs and will require a small budget. It is possible to pay for each extra hour a sum that is bigger than nurses’ average payment. It is also possible to pay the same money for extra hours and give additional bonuses for nurses who are the most active. In conclusion, it is possible to note that nurse understaffing can be addressed effectively. Part-time nurses can
This externship took place at Horizon House which specializes in assisting families that have lost their permanent housing. When the researcher took the externship there was a concern of what type of individuals that would be met in during this experience. When there are media broadcasts about homeless individuals the image conveyed is that they are living out of carts or cars and have some form of mental illness. The needs of the homeless population are so diverse and one type of organization is not sufficient to meet their diverse needs. This homeless shelter is part of a collation with several different members. Those members include Love Chapel, the Columbus Township Trustee and the Horizon House. As each organization provides different services the collation allows more individuals and families to receive assistance from the shelter. The Horizon House assists family groups, Love Chapel assists individuals and the Columbus Township provides bus tickets for individuals and family groups that are traveling to stay with friends or family members. Reasons for Homelessness While there are many reasons for an individual or a family to become homeless there are seven reasons that are always listed. The lack of low-income housing throughout the United States is one of the main reasons for an increase in homeless statistics. As the housing and economic crises continue to worsen, families and individuals will be forced to make the choice between food and shelter. Even before the economy took this downward swing affordable housing was disappearing across America and families and individuals were forced to spend more of their income on basic necessities such as food and housing (Donohoe, Martin). For women and children in low socioeconomic brackets they might have to make a choice between maintaining an abusive relationship and becoming homeless. Domestic violence is the leading cause of women and children to become homeless (Donohoe, Martin). Approximately 20-25% of the adult homeless population in the United States has some form of mental illness. Maintaining a stable quality of life is difficult when treating a mental illness. The added stress can interfere with work and home situations with an increased possibility of becoming homeless (Donohoe, Martin). Alcohol and Drug Abuse can lead to homelessness due to increased difficulty in finding programs to treat the abuse. If alcohol or drug abuse continues an individual could find it difficult to have a stable job and living arrangements. When individuals are released from prisons without adequate planning for reentry into society a possibility exists that they will not have a place to live. An additional concern that lack of planning can create is a disruption in treatment programs such as drug or mental health programs (Donohoe, Martin). While welfare is the most commonly known form of public assistance there are other forms that also assist individuals experiencing fina
Introduction An information security policy is a document that is designed by an organization for the purpose of providing employees with best practices when it comes to the use of the organizations technology equipment and related services. It may also be regarded as a blue print used by an organization to ensure that staff use the available technology services as intended. An information security policy is also a tool through which an organization can specify the responsibilities of different individuals concerning the security of information in the organization. It gives a framework for maintenance and provides information security policies and procedures as well as what is expected of end users (Whitman & Mattord, 2010). Generally, the information security policy document is a useful guide for the successful deployment of an information security program across an organization. The information security policy must directly support an organization’s vision and mission statements. It must also be defensible in case legal challenges to it arise. It is an executive level document, drafted in consultation with the CIO and other executives. Typically, the information security policy shapes the security philosophy in an organization’s information technology environment. In most cases, the information security policy is a static document that is never subjected to frequent changes. However, it may change when the direction being taken by an organization radically changes. The information security policy will also protect the availability, integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity of information. Furthermore, it underpins such societal goods as privacy, the protection of digital identity, and the protection of intellectual property. This paper presents an information security policy for Kruger Exporters, an international exporter based in the United States of America. The company has its headquarters in the United States but with a presence in Africa and Asia. All transactions are centrally administered at the U.S. office. The information security policy fro Kruger Exporters is presented in two distinct sections. The first section discusses the introductory aspect of the information security policy while the second section presents the information security policy criterion which outlines how the company will go about guarantee the security of its information systems as well as the use of its technology equipment and services. Information Security Policy for Kruger Exporters With the increased use of technology, organizations are left with no choice but to work hard in ensuring that the use of technology in information management is secure and very reliable. To accomplish this, a well thought out information security policy is of paramount importance. Without an effective information security policy in place, organizations will be faced with a tough responsibility of controlling the use of its information systems and other technology services. More importantly, a working information security policy system
Description of the online culture, group, community and/or users The topic of the research will be directly related to the field of environmental issues through the prism of the current global conditions. The research questions will be dedicated to activists involved in the sphere of recycling during Covid-19. Hence, it seems reasonable to claim that the most suitable research subjects for my planned virtual ethnography will be environmental activists. The latter ones tend to be very active in various social media, which will alleviate the process of data management to a great degree. It should be noted that the chosen problem involves quite a wide range of stakeholders, so research subjects will include not only accounts of individuals but also the group and organizations’ ones. Twitter and Reddit are popular online platforms for the mentioned subjects, given the fact that both of them provide the opportunity to make sound announcements and cause important discussions. The environmental dimension has always been considered as an essential topic for conversation that requires the continuous process of drawing attention to the related acute and relevant issues. Overcoming different natural problems – such as global warming or gas emissions – implies that people will work in conjunction on them. Twitter and Reddit are significant options to unite people around the globe through productive public conversations and loud statements. For example, International Recycling Group and Shropshire Recycles are organizational accounts on Twitter that will be explored during qualitative data collection for ethnography. Description of method of qualitative data collection for ethnography Choosing the level of participation is an important initial stage of the research process. The environmental field is extremely popular in social media – especially on Twitter and Reddit. It is not surprising that there are many activists that are ready to defend their visions and opinions in a rough manner, leading to heated conversations and discussions (Lingel & Gray, 2018). Subsequently, it seems essential to abstract away from an unnecessary inclusion into such debates and to seize the opportunity to conduct the focused research. On the other hand, in order to explore the topic thoroughly, some degree of the mentioned inclusion is needed. It may be important to begin particular discussions on Twitter and Reddit by making specific posts related to specific hashtags. Such an approach will serve as a foundation for making the necessary observations. At this point, it seems rational to choose the observer-participant level of participation. The latter will allow the researcher to be the launcher of just the initial stages of discussions. This will give me the possibility to avert a number of ethical considerations in advance, which contributes to the smooth, coherent, and consist
During the past two decades, the attention of public health professionals and other health care providers in America and abroad has been increasingly drawn to understanding how social conditions and the drivers of these conditions influence health and health-related behaviors (Braveman & Gottlieb, 2014). These social and economic conditions, which are often referred to as the social determinants of health (SDH), shape the health of populations in diverse and influential ways, hence their mounting interest as professionals try to provide solutions to a multiplicity of health issues affecting the society (Krumeich & Meershoek, 2014). In this light, the present paper illuminates selected social determinants of health and how they influence excessive alcohol consumption among elderly American adults. Available literature demonstrates that, over the past two decades, alcohol and substance abuse among elderly American adults has been an important topic of discussion due to the debilitating health and socio-economic challenges associated with alcohol and substance abuse (Briggs et al., 2011; Sorocco & Ferrell, 2006). In particular, the problem of excessive consumption of alcohol has been found to deprive “older adults of their health, their quality of life, and indeed their very lives” (Briggs et al., 2011, p. 113). Additionally, these authors acknowledge that the problem of excessive alcohol consumption among American adults 50 and older is likely to triple by 2020, hence the importance of the population and the health issue for the health profession. The World Health Organization’s Commission on the Social Determinants of Health, comprehensively cited in Braveman and Gottlieb (2014), has described SDH as “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live,
The black females have been observed to be detained by their fellow males in various ways; in which the rates of incarceration vary from one region to another. Black females have also experienced various levels of discrimination by males which has impacted them, their families, and the entire community in different ways. The rates in which the black females are incarcerated by males vary based on the level of education that the women have, and also the level of civilization that the Africa women are in (Tawanda 3-10). The detention of African women by males is more based on the traditions and the cultural values that exist within their respective communities. It has often been observed that African women seem to regard their males with very high esteem; to a point of ignoring any mistreatment that they receive from them. This tendency of males detaining females in their homes and neglecting them the chances of associating with different people from various places; makes the African women to be confined in their social cocoons which discriminates their ability to serve within the society (Lymn 26-64). On this basis, therefore, the levels of employment in Africa for females remains very low because many women are denied educational rights by their males; which in the long run leads to very high levels of illiteracy among African women. As it has been revealed from various instances in Africa, the factor of educational denial to women by males has led to the significant low employment levels for African women (Tawanda 3-10). For example in Ojuola’s case; being an African woman from Nigeria she explains how she was determined to go to the university and later become a banker or an accountant; as an effort to show how African women are devoted in their education, but only barred by their oppressive tradition
There are various methods the justice system uses to rehabilitate criminals. One such way is probation or supervision. Cohn (2016) defines probation as a specific period of supervision given to a convicted criminal that serves as an alternative to jail time. The probation normally involves some set of rules that are determined by the judge and agreed upon before the offender is released. Whereas there are criminals that do not serve time in prison at all and instead get probation, there are offenders who have to do both. In fact, probation has been used as an incentive in jails to ensure that inmates behave accordingly. Inmates that follow the rules and appear rehabilitated are sometimes (upon review) released into their communities under probation. The paper looked into the impact of probation on full rehabilitation of first-time offenders in the USA. It is important to note that the form of given punishment goes hand in hand with the severity of the committed crime. Due to this, the research focused on probation for juvenile drug possession. Throughout the paper, the terms supervision and probation will be used interchangeably. Research Question What is the impact of probation on rehabilitation of first-time juvenile offenders accused of drug possession in the USA? Literature Review Numerous studies have been do
There are many definitions available that attempt to explain learning processes delivered, enabled or mediated using electronic technology for the explicit purpose of learning. These definitions include such terms as distance learning which may occur even in the absence of electronic technology. Distance learning has for a long time been performed using correspondence (Fee, 2009). An example of these terms is computer mediated learning which is used to define any learning process that is facilitated by electronic technology. Computer mediated learning therefore implies that the learning could be facilitated by both one way and two way learning exchanges as well as learner to learner exchanges. Among the terms that are often used and erroneously taken to have the same meaning as computer mediated learning is the term computer authored learning. Computer authored learning defines a learning process that is designed or engineered through the use of computer technology (Distefano, Rudestam & Silverman, 2004). This mode of learning involves the use of authoring tools which are computer programs. These programs are used to create powerful scripts that can create useful learning content. Prior to the emergence of the internet such tools were commonly used to ease the process of learning. In some reports it is stated that by 1993, there were over 165 authoring tools available for use by instructors (Distefano, Rudestam & Silverman, 2004). However, with the emergence of the internet web authoring tools have fast replaced these tools. In fact many web page developers have taken to use the authoring to describe the process of web page creation (Distefano, Rudestam & Silverman, 2004). One major advantage that is the result of the emergence of the World Wide Web is the ease with which content can be changed and updated. This appears to have been a major short coming of the early models of computer authored learning tools. Other terms that have long been used interchangeably with computer mediated learning are computer based training and computer assisted instruction. These approaches have for long used embedded questions in an instructional module to determine paths for individual students (Ifenthaler & Seel, 2010). One of the most common uses of this approach is in the testing of students located in various remote locations. The modern approach is to use the results from the tests to guide the provision of instruction based on student needs (Ifenthaler & Seel, 2010). As the discussion has indicated many of these different terms were used based on the needs of the vendor. The goal appeared to have been to place the vendor at the center stage. Based on these many definitions there has been a need to come up with a single term that will provide a convenient umbrella for all these different activities. (Fee,
Structuralism is a systemic movement in psychology often associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward B. Titchener in Germany. This theory sought to examine the adult mind regarding the simplest components that could be defined and then identify the complex forms’ relationship. It was a term that was originally coined to define the relationship between elements of human culture to their behaviour. The examination covers areas of sociology, linguistics, and anthropology, and a relationship is built on the perception that human interactions can only be understood if linked to a broader perspective (Flack, 2016). Structuralism suggests that structures influence human behaviour in terms of how they think, perceive and feel. The ideology originated from Wilhelm Wundt, who was the founder of an experimental psychology laboratory. He mentored one of his students, Edward B. Titchener, who later established the ideology and named it structuralism. However, in his attempts to expand the ideology, Titchener deviated from some of his mentor’s teachings and misrepresented some parts of it (Martin & Torok-Gerard, 2019). The school of thought gained dominance, and almost immediately, other theories were developed to compete for dominance. American perspective, commonly described as functionalism, emerged from thinkers such as William Ja