ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In Latin America, the Spanish culture is filled with customs, celebrations, and intriguing superstitions. There are several reasons why Spain’s traditions are so distinct. The cultures of Latin America have significantly benefited from the peculiar traditions of Spain. Several elements in Spanish beliefs and culture have played significant roles in influencing their way of life. The book Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel elucidates some of the essential elements in Spanish-speaking culture. Equally, it elaborates on Latin American people’s cultural norms, traditions, ways of living, gender roles, and interactions. Laura Esquivel uses the protagonist’s family customs to illustrate the novel’s primary conflict: the Family traditions. Couples and their unmarried offspring form the typical home in Spain. Children in Spain are more likely to stay home into their late adulthood, like 30 and above years. Nonetheless, the high standard of living and economic hardships suffered by new populations in Spain from the previous decade have forced this cultural norm. In the book, Tita is informed that she would never be permitted to marry or establish her own family, as a family custom requires the youngest daughter to devote her life to caring for her mother until she dies. This way, the book depicts a traditional image in Spain’s culture that deprives younger daughters of leaving their homes and getting married. Parental authority remains the primary source of accountability for most children under the old system, even when they reach maturity (Garrett 48). In Spanish-speaking culture, this parental vigilance towards children is mainly vested in women while men engage in other income-generating activities. The book covers the aspect of oppression and abuse of women. According to the narrator, it is required that the youngest daughter devote her life to caring for her mother until she dies. Tita accepts a life of service to her mother out of desperation, even after Pedro offers her at the novel’s outset (Esquivel 4). The book demonstrates the oppression many young girls face because of the existing norms and traditions. Spanish-speaking people always regarded women as housewives who are critical to the well-being of their families and children but not to the development of their communities (Chinchilla 180). Usually, oppression is often followed by a revolt by the downtrodden, leading to chaos. For example, a gang of rebels assault Mama Elena’s house and damage her family’s food supply. Later, taking advantage of the turmoil, a gang of outlaws attacks the ranch. Conversely, revolution can promise constructive social tr
Spanking can be described as a form of discipline that is normally enforced on a child for wrongdoing, in an attempt to correct bad behaviors. This is not something that was introduced recently but has always been there since the days of our forefathers. Some argue that it is a cruel form of making a child develop discipline while others argue that it is an effective way that has proven to work. There have been some efforts by a couple of parents to make spanking of children illegal, but this probably only works at the school level. At home, it is a different case. A child will be spanked if he or she is unruly and quite disrespectful. The thing is that some parents do not really know the borderline between spanking and child abuse. Child abuse in this context is clearly defined as the crime of harming a child in a physical way, probably by beating them up severely or inflicting so much pain in the child that they are unable to do their chores in a normal way. This is illegal and can lead to outright prosecution or even the loss of one’s child to social services. However, in some cultures, there is no limit as to the extent of disciplining one’s child as long as they do not die. This has caused a lot of trauma in children who grow up in such homes and it eventually wrecks the children who fall victim of this kind of abuse. These children end up even becoming violent in life. They can also become abusers not only of their own kids but the public at large too. Some end up kidnapping people and torturing them in a bid to relieve off the trauma or stress that they underwent. But they never realize that this never solves anything. If children are not punished, there is high likelihood that they will end up becoming delinquent and ill-mannered. This does not in any way emphasize the level of punishment that should be imposed on a child. It is believed that God expects mankind to be wise enough to know how to handle the young ones in all aspects of life. Failure to discipline a child ends up making them lazy and unproductive. Some forms of punishments are not really effective. Sending a child to their room in a bid to punish them really does not serve the point because all you do is isolate them and thus no lesson is learnt. What is normally recommended by child activists is that if you feel that there is a need to discipline the child, do so in a humane manner and make sure that the child knows why he/she is being punished and what they should have done in order to avoid the punishment. Most children never know when they are wrong until they are corrected. Spanking of children is a good form of disciplining them as long as it is done in a loving way, and the child should not be left to nurse any wounds. This will ensure that they grow up differentiating good behaviors from bad ones and they will not fear the parent. Instea
Key Research Questions The article written by Ma (2020) and titled “Biopolitical Paternalism and Its Maternal Supplements: Kinship Correlates of Community Mental Health Governance in China” seeks to answer the question concerning mental health issues in Chinese families. Namely, the article inspects whether the state-developed and state-funded program aimed at reinforcing family values and molding modern Chinese families serves its main function. Issues such as covert medication of mentally ill patients and their home confinement are explored in the study. Key Findings of the Study and Research Implications In the course of the research, several troubling trends have been discovered. Ma (2020) refers to the specified phenomena as “biopolitical paternalism” and “maternal supplements” (p. 290). The author clarifies that the presence of violence toward mentally ill family members, as well as their medicalization, is very frequent in the Chinese community, which calls for a significant social change (Ma, 2020). Home confinement of mentally ill family members represents a particularly challenging issue that is quite difficult to identify and address due to low transparency levels within the Chinese community. The need for greater transparency and openness, as well as the need to reconsider the current framework for tending to the needs of mentally ill patients in China, are the main implications of the study. The described research outcomes inform the further study of the strategies for improving the existing policies, as well as the attitudes toward mental illness among Chinese citizens. Moreover, the research has helped to discover an underlying issue of gender inequality in Chinese society, where women occupy much lower positions in the Chinese social and familial hierarchies. Therefore, seeking ways of subverting the specified perception of women as lower-class citizens needs to be seen as the focus for the next study addressing the subject matter. Overall, the research findings bear major significance for Chinese society. Key Anthropological Concepts The paper by Ma (2020) incorporates quite a several anthropological terms and notions. The focus on the anthropological aspect of the issue helps to relate the observed social phenomena to the history of China and the sociocultural context in which the described problems occur. Ma (2020) pays especially close attention to anthropological notions such as culture and society, as well as kinship and family. The four concepts above constitute the basis for Ma’s (2020) argument regarding the problem of mental health management in Chinese families. Moreover, the issue of gender roles and the restrictions imposed on the understanding of women’s needs as a result of the existing gender hierarchy within Chinese families have been studied thoroughly in the paper. The article mentions that the propensity toward feminizing the struggles that women have leads to the development of extremely harmful stereotypes, such as the idea that motherly compassion is the manifestation of female weakness (Ma, 2020). The described regressive attitudes restrict
A school is an amazing place for students to learn something new every day and stay out of trouble, but since it only lasts about half a day, children still need to be entertained after studies. One of the possible means of entertainment is after-school programs where students can be more involved in school even after their classes and get additional help from teachers. After-school programs that include studying activities and amusements can encourage learning and help to build friendly relationships among peers. Although parents may worry about the cost of the program, and children may be unwilling to spend extra time at school, they should try it and evaluate its benefits. After-school activities are good not only for students who will be eager to learn more every day and become better but also for their parents and teachers because they will rejoice at children’s achievements. Such programs arouse students’ interest in learning, help them to cope with difficulties in their studies, and serve as a tool for motivation and self-development. Studying at school is a significant period in everyone’s life, and, to get the most of it, students should be interested in participating in learning activities. It is quite clear that people who have high academic performance are much more likely to succeed in their careers. They have higher wages, better homes, and a more stable position in life. School teaches them to be enterprising and diligent, which helps them to become high-skilled employees or even start their businesses. On the contrary, those who are less engaged in learning tend to work a nine-hour shift and struggle with continuous financial problems. Therefore, it is crucial to make students more interested in their studies and motivated to obtain new knowledge and skills. After-school programs are a good way of cultivating children’s love for learning because they often involve various forms of entertainment. These activities may include games, creative arts, science experiments, sports, dance, and many others. If students participate in such programs, they cease to regard school as a boring place where only lectures and tests await them. Thus, the diversity of activities offered by after-school programs arouses students’ interest in learning. However, monotonous studies are not the only thing that can discourage students from doing their best at school. If a child does not understand the educational materials and falls behind his or her classmates, he or she will soon lose interest in learning. Therefore, students should receive enough support throughout their studies to keep pace with the curriculum. During after-school programs, children can get a detailed explanation of the material that
The United States of America is one of the countries, the employment trends of which are not stable and have more chances to be worsened than to be improved. Lots of factors from different spheres of life have a certain impact on the development of employment trends and its significance. The problem of unemployment is considered to be one of the most burning ones in many developing countries, and the United States is not an exception. Population growth, frequent immigration, and safe working conditions – all these are the major factors, which influence employment. The trends in U. S. employment have changed because of numerous factors, connected with education and population growth, within a couple of decades; this is why some of the trends should be properly analyzed in order to find out the reasons of job losses and choose the most effective ways to be able to have a good job. Discussion General Idea about Employment Trends Nowadays, the world is rapidly approaching to one more demographic revolution that may cause certain changes into the employment world. Lots of young people are eager to join job markets in order to provide themselves with safe future and time to develop own professional skills ( Employment Trends in the 21 st Century ) Of course, it is impossible to control birth on the planet, however, it turns out to be quite possible to analyze why so many people are eager to work at so young age be means of surveys and questionnaires. According to the principles, which are inherent to modern youth, it is better to work and be independent than be dependent on parents and not to have the right of choice. Lots of people want to work just in order to help parents and provide them with a chance to enjoy this life. U. S. Employment Trends U. S. employment trends mostly depend on such factors like “health care costs, outsourcing, and productivity growth” ( Analyzing Employment Trends, 2006). Each sphere of life is developing fast, lots of values have been changed, and the level of birth is still increasing, this is why trends in U. S. employment become different with time. The ideas of temporary employment in the United States provide the employers with an opportunity to hire people for a short period of time and fire them when they want or find their job unnecessary. Economic hardship at the beginning of the 2000s led to losses of jobs for the first time (Krantz, 2002). However, temporary hiring is not the only reasons for the development of new trends in U. S. employment. Labor force become older, this is why the ideas of how to hire skilled and not too old people should be developed as quickly as possible. Women get a chance to work at the same level as men do work. Nowadays, it is not crucially important for a woman to spend all the time at home, keep the house, and bring up children. Lots of women take leading positions ( Working in the 21 st Century ), and this is why the necessity of baby-
Freedom is generally defined as removal from physical restraint such as slavery, oppression, or detention. It is synonymous with rights and free choice/will as well as lack of modesty/reserve and assertion of boldness or frankness. With a vast array of interpretations and definitions assigned to it, freedom can be ambiguous. Suffice to say, freedom should encompass emancipation of not just the body, but the mind, soul, and spirit as well. Transcending ambiguity, true freedom should necessitate moral responsibility, adhere to Truth, and be non-repressive as well as self-respectful. The thoughts of a person do not go unseen for their thoughts are soon revealed in the substance of their deeds. Thoughts constitute a person’s morals – principles of conduct or a system of beliefs which they live by or are governed accordingly. A person’s morals distinguish their character. A thought was at the core Weapons of Mass Destruction, War on Terror, Khmer Rouge, Darfur genocide, the Holocaust, the Transatlantic Slave Trade, and a slew of other human atrocities – all exemplary of freedom without moral responsibility. Moral responsibility eradicates inventions or innovations that destroy the root or basis of life “ And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free (Scofield Reference Bible).” At the core of this new freedom, paradigm should be truth rooted in God’s consciousness – not from the viewpoint of religious sectarianism, dogmas, and personalities. God represents that which is true and right. Truth is the correct knowledge and understanding of reality. That which creates, sustains, and maintains life in harmony with the natural cycles of this planet, doing no harm to the ecology or people of the Earth- is right. These definitions of Godliness, Truth, and Rightness often seem esoteric, but if they can be defined then they are knowable and thus attainable as the Scripture asserts. An individual has to follow the path they feel is right for them and respect for their right to choose their path is what makes freedom non-repressive. Imposition of will and lack of respect for this right further perpetuates the premise one man’s heaven is another man’s hell. The world consists of countless governments and imposed laws – indicative in essence of an imbalanced, repressed society. A governmental structure is obligated to protect its citizens from abuse and unjust persecution. Congruent with this is the individual’s responsibility to ensure that their rights and freedoms do not harm their fellow citizens and society as a whole Moral responsibility, truth, love/self-respect, and non-repressive epitomize true freedom. The physical world is a mirror
Abstract In the globalized world, the supply chain of products and services calls for a range of management efforts targeted at transferring a product from its place of origin to the final destination of meeting the consumer. However, the concept of reverse logistics is often overlooked by many businesses because it takes additional costs. Reverse logistics is associated with the returns of products, their maintenance or repairs, dismantling or recycling. When it comes to plastic products, reverse logistics are crucial for maximizing efficiency because the material can be recycled and reused up to six times. Reverse logistics in the supply chain of plastic materials is predominantly associated with the process of recycling and waste management that maximize the cost-efficiency of the manufactured plastic products. Because the environmental costs of waste management and plastic recycling are high, the global business community should come up with a range of innovative components of reverse logistics. Reverse logistics at a large address the problem of sustainable development of the global supply chain while sustainable development implies meeting the needs of consumers without putting the next generations’ developmental needs in danger. This research is targeted at presenting a full picture of the costs and values of plastics as sustainable material as well as the methods that can positively influence its supply chain. Furthermore, the research outlines effective methods of plastic recycling in a range of businesses ranging from plastic packaging production to remanufactured automotive parts. Future research is needed on reducing the gap between the quality of virgin and recycled plastic and the development of innovative solutions that will positively impact the process of sorting and recycling of plastic products. Introduction The issue of sustainability of plastic has been raised numerous times due to the spreading popularity of the material in manufacturing. Plastic products surround every aspect of people’s lives; however, it has a negative reputation because of its lack of sustainability. Therefore, it is importance to explore plastic as an organic product that has some attributes that will make it cost-effective and environmentally sustainable. The production of plastic and plastic products has increased exponentially over the last fifty years – from 15 million tons in the 60’s to 311 million tons in 2015 (Ellen Macarthur Foundation, 2016, p. 17). Furthermore, the volumes of plastic production are expected to increase twice in the next twenty years, because of the increase in the need for its application. For example, nowadays, plastic is largely used for packaging production as constitutes twenty-six percent of application for all of the produced plastic. Plastic is widely used not only for providing specific economic benefits of cost reduction but also because of the possibility to increase the productivity of other resources such as food. Plastic packaging is effectively used for food wastage reduction using extending the ‘shelf life’ or reducing th
Introduction Currently, there are unpredictable climatic changes that have considerably reduced agriculture production worldwide. A reduction in food production has resulted in increased food insecurity in many regions worldwide. The existing incidents of food insecurities in many countries have resulted in grave consequences such as deaths of wildlife, livestock and people which have severe economic costs. It is noted that peasant farmers who are in third world countries are the ones who are highly affected by the episode for lack of resources to mitigate adverse effects of the climatic changes. Because of the high food insecurity worldwide concerned bodies such as World Food Council as well as affected governments are working day and night to come up with appropriate measures to address the prevalent food shortages globally. These institutions have come up with various recommendations to address the grave situation. Increasing biodiversity is one of the propositions that has been recommended to reduce food shortages. Biodiversity helps to adapt agriculture to the existing severe environmental conditions. Another excellent and reliable option that has been recommended to stop food shortages in affected countries is combining various crops varieties in one field. This strategy assists in increasing the resilience of crops to erratic weather changes. Further studies have revealed that the best strategy to increase stress tolerance in single crop verities is the use of modern breeding technologies that do not support genetic breeding for example Market Assisted Selection. Climatic changes have heightened food insecurities in many countries; the changes have attracted many scholars to the matter prompting studies that have shown that mixed cropping, as well as the use of modern technologies, is the most appropriate strategies to stop the existing global food insecurities (Bloom, 2008). Causes of Climatic Changes It is observed that over the past decades, man’s activities such as farming, mining as well as manufacturing have had severe environmental consequences. Man’s activities have resulted in a great increase in the production and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The rise in greenhouse gas emissions has been associated with an increase in the mean global temperature of approximately 4 ‘C. The raises in global temperature have resulted in a decrease in agriculture production (Darwin, 2001). Global warming has caused changes in growing seasons as well as the length of period the soil moisture and soil temperature are suitable for crops growth. High global temperatures result in extreme weather events such as an increase in storms and floods. Floods have damaged crops as well as raised the sea level, thereby reducing the land available for agriculture. It is noted that high atmospheric concentrations of