ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The term ‘narcissistic’ originated from the story of a man named Narcissus who was obsessed with his own reflection in water. He could not tear himself from the reflection. He ended up dying of languor (Akhtar & Thomson, 1982). This personality disorder is common in the western culture. About 1per cent of the general population is estimated to be suffering from this condition. However, the clinical diagnosis of people who have exhibited significant narcissistic traits ranges from 2-16 per cent (Sperry, 2003). It is estimated that 75 per cent of narcissistic patients are men. This condition also goes hand in hand with substance abuse, reckless behavior that are impulsive, and other mental health disorders. It has caused a lot of friction in the society. Pain and distress has also been experienced by the affected individuals and the people around them (Vaknin & Rangelovska, 2003). This paper will discuss the narcissistic personality disorder and how it can be treated. The paper will further discuss the cultural and historical relevance of this subject, and how its knowledge benefits the society. Definition Narcissistic personality is a psychological disorder whereby individuals have a sense of self worth. The victims want other people to admire and acknowledge them. They disregard the feelings of other people. Also, they are only interested in what makes them superior to those around them. This affects the rest of the community. It makes people avoid the victims as they are regarded as social misfits. The affected people demand to be acknowledged and respected by others while their capacity to acknowledge others is limited. They exaggerate their achievements and success to ensure that they are recognized as superior. This gives them a feeling of self importance and achievement. They not only demand this recognition, but also work hard to achieve it. This desire to achieve gives them an obsession to fantasies like fame, fearless power, physical beauty, all-conquering love and even the desire to be everlasting (Vaknin & Rangelovska, 2003). Diagnostic Criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder Clinical diagnoses have identified traits and characteristics that are associated with Narcissisms. For these people, their personality is defined by what other people think of them. If other people do not acknowledge of their potentials and capabilities, then they feel that they have to impress to gain admiration. This is what makes them engage in outrageous activities oblivious of the outcomes. They do not care about what may befall them for their actions or the pain that they may inflict on other people. This attitude earns them social condemnation, and they often have to endure sanctions. This explains the disproportional response that
Starbucks Coffee Company was established in 1971, in Seattle Pike, and over the past thirty five years in existence, Starbucks has established more than over 11,500 outlets located around the world with a clientele of forty million every week. It is a well known brand name globally specializing in gourmet coffee beans, caffeine-free beverages and coffee-brewed products (Opie Percival Read 2008). Starbucks’ rapid growth and brand name recognition can be greatly attributed to the firm’s implementation of the seven elements of services marketing mix in its operations. The seven elements are as follows: First, Product. Starbucks has been introducing new products in the market from time to time and offers wide range of products from 30 types of whole grain coffee to cappuccinos, coffee assortments and equipments, pastries, oatmeal, smoothies. Starbucks has implemented a multi-faceted model of introducing its products in the market. This has helped to helped to keep competition at bay and meet its customer’s demands (Michelli 2007). Second is price. Starbucks goods and services are sold at a higher price as they are seen to be luxury and esteemed products. Starbucks has applied value strategies on its products so as to cater for the low end consumers who cannot afford its products. Third element is place. Starbucks locates its outlets strategically in locations with high human traffic on the move, and where people enjoy listening to music or reading books. Its stores can be found in large chain stores, malls, and hyper marts. The outlets are localized depending with their locality by giving each store its own identity name and local address (The Age 2003). Fourth element is promotion. Starbucks does various promotion activities to capture the intended markets. Its promotions include; Starbuck Card which are used to enhance brand loyalty, and as a form of advertising; doorstep delivery of coffee services; corporate social responsibility activities; and offering international tea and coffee brands to cater for its diverse customer base (Beckwith 1997). Fifth is process. Starbucks handles sales satisfactorily; processes order fast enough and offer after-sale services to customers as an overall marketing strategy. Sixth element is physical evidence. Starbucks utilized its satisfied customers as a mode of advertisement and a source of goodwill. It ensures that it is well in contact with its customers and also potential customers (Koichi 2009). Seventh element is people offering services. Starbucks ensures that its customers’ needs and suggestions are addressed as they offer important information to the contribution of better services. These objectives have been very significant in Starbuck in meeting its marketing objectives and satisfying the demands of the customers. At the moment, Starbucks’ marketing strategy it to position a local store as a third place for people away from home and workplace, to spend hours in and the outlets are built to make it a comfortable environment to stay in. this strategy has rea
December 30, 1903 was an ordinary day, when lots of women and man took their children and decided to spend some time at the theater and watch a musical Mr. Bluebeard, Jr. starring Eddie Foy. The Iroquois Theater was a new place for people to relax and enjoy the plays of actors: people came, amazed, and came back to their homes. However, on December 30, 1903, lots of visitors of the Iroquois Theater did not come back home, as they were burnt alive: more than 550 lives were taken in 20 minutes. Some people got a chance to be saved from that fire, however, the vast majority of those people died at hospitals, on streets, and even in cars. The Iroquois Theater Fire was a real tragedy for the citizens of Chicago, Illinois and now, is considered to be one of the deadliest fires, which happen in single buildings; in total, more than 600 people lost their lives; the city lost its property, and the society learned several rather serious lessons and realized that careless activities of some people may take lives of the others, and the guilt for the deaths cannot leave a person forever. One of the most terrible shocks for the Americans during the investigation was the fact that the Iroquois Theater Fire took more lives than the Great Chicago Fire, however, the damage of the building was minor (Ramroth, 60). Because of fire-resistant walls and roof structure, repair of the theater did not take too much time, and in 1925, this building presented the same theater but only with another name, than, it was the Colonial Theater. The number of lives, which were lost during the fire, is terrible: “575 or 30 percent were killed, 212 of them children, and 76 of whom were age 10 or under. Another 25 died later from burns and injuries” (Norbury, 12). Also, it is necessary to mention that only one member of cast, Nellie Reed, was trapped by the fire and died. Looking at such numbers and imagining that these losses happened within 20 minutes in one building, it is impossible to believe that such things happened in real and no one could be blamed for this. Alive children were killed by the fire, their mothers watched how fire took them away, and lots of families were destroyed by ignorant attitude of the theater’s workers. It turns out to be very difficult to comprehend what lesson society learnt from the Iroquois Theater Fire: several witnesses and workers of the theater were accused by the grand jury, however, none of them was convicted, and only 39 claimants got some financial support (Norbury, 13). This lesson should be significant for the members of NFPA (National Fire Protection Association). This organization is aimed at reducing fires and possible losses, cost by fires. In 1903, they made one terrible mistakes and did not find time to check the condition of the building and possible available exits, as a results, more than 500 people wer
Introduction Families teach their children to control their behavior, how to act in public, what is right and what is wrong. Lack of attention towards children often leads to problems. Following factors are often found in the probation reports: no father in the household, living with grandmother, father in jail, subject of neglect and abuse, living in foster care homes (Corriero, 2006). Juveniles often learn about criminal activities while not being supervised by adults. Main body The family cannot be left out from the whole process of treatment. Because of lack of communication, sometimes parents believe that their child is a victim of prejudice and has been wrongfully accused (Garfinkel & Nelson, 2004). Parents are afraid of possible damage to their careers because treatment takes a lot of time. Parents of juvenile offenders are often illegal immigrants or offenders themselves. There are huge differences between motherless and fatherless children, and they may end up on different tracks (Tanenhaus, 2004). It means that there always must be a father or mother figure for the successful development of a child. Sometimes the language barrier is a problem because a translation of documents is not provided. Parents should be present at the adjudication hearing to better understand the feelings of victims and harm done to them (Lim, 2014). It is not an easy task because some parents can’t deal with their child’s behavior and need some psychological help themselves. Parents are not properly guided on how they can help their children most of the time, even if they wish to do so. It is not surprising that “among many identified factors for delinquency the most catalogued ones include biological taint, broken or otherwise defective homes, faulty family interactions and bad companions” (Humera & Rafique, 2011, p. 33). Th
When related to the nation-state (that is, the sovereign authority that governs over a territory where a particular nation lives), globalization can be regarded in two ways: as a threat to the existence of states or as a positive influence that can provide important experience and spur development. Lechner and Boli recognize it, and the positioning of the text in their Reader reflects these tendencies (230-231). Dangers of Globalization In “The Declining Authority of States,” Susan Strange describes how the authority of nation-states and their government is undermined by globalization processes. She mentions the Asian state as the example of a “lucky” government that had managed to preserve unity and power due to being exempt from the globalization processes; however, as globalization proceeds to develop, Strange believes that Asia will succumb to the “ungovernance” (Strange 235, 238). Similar in ideas but different in topic, the work of James H. Mittelman “Global Organized Crime” focuses on the way globalization and technology affect crime, which challenges state authority. The “nexus of organized crime and globalization” produces the global (transnational) organized crime which is armed by the technological advancements, often organized in a way that is resembling a business (Mittelman 240). To develop this argument, the modern example of international terrorism that has grown to emulate a state can be mentioned. As a result, it is impossible to deny the destructive influence of globalization on nation-states. Similarly, in “Has Globalization Gone Too Far?” Dani Rodrik dwells on the societal and economic impacts and demonstrates that globalization plays a part in labor devaluation, intranational and even international tensions and conflicts. The author highlights the “receding governments” problem that is seen in social insurance issues (Rodrik 247), and he invites policymakers
Introduction Juvenile violence has been very rampant in recent years. Children kill fellow children in circumstances that can only be explained by psychological reasoning. With the contemporary juvenile social trends, we are bound to experience more and more of these alarming incidences. Reasons like heartbreaks in adolescence, school bullying, and broken homes have been used to explain many of these incidences but one is obliged to question their appropriateness in specific cases. In this essay, we analyze the Lionel Tate case, Eric Smith’s case, and the case of an unidentified juvenile from a news article. Let us start with Lionel Tate’s case. Reasons for delinquency Lionel Tate’s Case Lionel Tate, 12 years old, was allegedly practicing the wrestling techniques he saw on television when he murdered 6-year-old Tiffany Eunice. This happened on the night of July 28, 1999, when his mother brought Eunick to their home to stay with her for the evening. His mother, Kathleen Grossett-Tate had gone upstairs and after a while, Tate came to inform her that Eunick was not breathing. Later medical examinations showed that Eunick had been severely tortured for several minutes before her death. Tate was to confess later that he jumped from the staircase to fall on her. She had major injuries including lacerations, ruptured spleen, damaged rib cage, a partially detached liver, brain contusions, and a fractured skull etcetera. The fact that a psychological checkup on Tate showed that he did not have any mental illness proves that his actions were due to the life experiences he had been through. He was shown to have poor control for impulse, resentment, high potential for violence, and an inability to control anger. These temperaments are normally evident in people who have undergone unpleasant life experiences and so they strive to protect themselves from undergoing such experiences again. This can be substantiated by the fact that after being put under home arrest, he walks with a knife. He was thus so obsessed with protecting himself that he insensibly tried to learn wrestling tricks with a kid and therefore severely hurt her and killed her. Next, consider Eric Smith’s case (Burns 1). Eric Smith’s Case At the tender age of 13, Eric Smith was convicted of the second-degree murder of a four-year-old Derrick Robie. Smith had stuck Derrick with rocks, stripped his body naked, and sodomized him with a stick. Smith was a loner and he lived in anger due to the bullying he encountered in school. At home, smith’s stepfather did not seem to care enough for his stepchildren it was even proved that he was sexually abusing Smith’s sister. It, therefore, follows that Smith did not have adequate parental love. It can thus be argued that Smith’s behavior was due to a psychological problem developed from his past experiences. At one point, he was asked why he Killed Derrick and he answe
The story revolves around Seymour, who had just come from war and is on vacation with his wife. He has posttraumatic stress disorder and this is of concern even to the wife’s parents. In the end he commits suicide. The story has a weak ending as the main character dies. As it unfolds, it is the expectation of the reader that Seymour will probably settle down with his wife, Muriel, given that he had been away from the family for sometime. According to her, he was not as bad as the parents were thinking. While talking to Sybil, the young girl, about bananafish, she brings out the innocence that exists in simplicity and naivety. It is expected that Seymour will view the world with such simplicity as opposed to the thoughts of war and other misfortunes that most adults undergo. On the contrary he opts to commit suicide. The story might have had a different degree of closure if a different expectation was used, especially if it is suspected that Seymour might commit suicide or turn violent owing to the depression due to the war. Moriel’s parents are also concerned about her whereabouts, given that she was on vacation with a war veteran who might probably hurt her, given that he was emotionally unstable as a result of the war. The reader might therefore expect that something bad is meant to happen to Seymour. That is what happens when Seymour commits suicide. If it were in this light, then the story might be perceived as having a strong ending. The author has used the third person narration style. The narrator gives the story from the observations made and through listening to the characters’ conversations. Muriel, for instance, is referred to as the young lady while Seymour is referred to as the young man. The third person narration style and dialogue have been used to help the reader determine what led to the emotional breakdown and the suicide of Seymour. Through the dialogue between Moriel and her mother, it is evident that Seymour was emotionally unstable after coming back from war. The parents are concerned that Seymour’s emotional instability might lead him to harm her. The narration also helps in highlighting Seymour’s state of mind and it is quite evident that he despises materialism that is rampant. The story of the bananafish, is a metaphor to the materialism that had crept into the society and people did anything to satisfy their greed. The Banana fish feeds on a lot of bananas until they become too fat to go through the exit holes through which they came in. This is compared with the human greed where people do anything to gain material wealth. By use of the third person narrative style, the writer proves to be observant and gets the
Abstract The article in question deals with the difference between autophagy found in herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. It is found that autophagy is proviral when it comes to VZV infection while HSV has genes that block autophagic flux. The experiments held have several implications as they reveal peculiarities of autophagy in similar types of infections. The researchers also stress that the methodology used is effective for autophagy measurement. Introduction Autophagy is one of the most important processes associated with a cell’s lifecycle. It is related to cell death, cell development, its survival, metabolism, immunity, as well as infection and aging (Chaabane et al., 2013). Therefore, this process is thoroughly studied in relation to various diseases and processes. For instance, researchers try to understand the way the process can be affected by the disposal of certain nanoscale materials (Stern, Adiseshaiah & Crist, 2012). Su, Yang, Xu, Chen and Yu (2015) explore the role autophagy plays in the development of metastasis. The article in question written by Buckingham et al. (2015) explores the difference between autophagic flux associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Buckingham et al. (2015) note that numerous experiments show that autophagy occurs in cultured cells affected by VZV infection. The researchers conclude that autophagy is proviral during VZV while, in cells with HSV infection, it is significantly different. Methods Buckingham et al. (2015) explored autophagic flux in xenografts of human skin during the SCID VZV pathogenesis mouse model. The model presupposes the insertion of xenografts of human fetal skin under the skin of a mouse that is affected by SCID. After that, the researchers inoculated human cells with VZV infection. The xenografts are harvested on the 7 th , 14 th, and 21 st days after the inoculation. It was found that autophagy was significant in the infected cells. The researchers also examined autophagic flux in the infected cultured cells. Autophagy was significantly less apparent in the latter case. Results It is found that autophagy in VZV infected cells is very unstable and virions are often released, while in HSV virions are enclosed within infected cells only. Buckingham et al. (2015) conclude that
The body has the mandate to preside over swimming in Australia. It encompasses approximately 1,100 clubs and is an amalgamation of volunteers, competitors, coaches as well as management. The organization started in 1909 when it was known by a different name. At the time, the body was called Amateur Swimming Union of Australia. The group was initially a combination of state representatives that wanted to synchronise the rules and regulations in Australian swimming. They were also interested in having a body that would adjudicate disputes during swimming. Australia required a group that would manage Australia’s participation in international competitions. At the time, the organisation’s president was James Taylor. He maintained this position until 1944 (Swimming Australia 2012). The organisation continued to foresee swimming until 1985 when it changed its name into Australian Swimming. This followed the incorporation of the body by the company’s capital authority. In 2004, the management structure also changed again. It then became Swimming Australia Ltd. This body fell under Glenn Tasker who was the Chief Executive Officer for the next four years. Organisational and managerial structure At the top of the organisational hierarchy is the board which precedes the executive. This latter branch consists of the Chief Executive officer and the Executive assistant. The third level in the organisation consists of four departments: sport development, marketing and events, business and stakeholder services, and high performance. Under all the departments are managers who head them. The next level under the high performance manager is the youth couch, operation manager and performance manager. Under the sport development manager is the sports development coordinator. Under the marketing and events manager is the event operations manager and the marketing and communications coordinator. Finally, under the Business and stakeholder services manager are the information technology and finance and employee divisions, which have a coordinator and accountant respectively. Organisational objective Swimming Australia has four key objectives: sport development, people development, high performance and business development. The high performance objective entails creation of an international and domestic competitive market. The objective is also realised by creating a system of support services. Swimming Australia also has accreditation programs for coaches such that they can become fully developed. High performance is also realised through talent development in the national team. People development is carried out through coach education promotion, international relationship promotion, gender equity and support of swimmers’ parents. The process entails provision of education for technical programs. Members are also granted a right to access to information and enjoy administered processes by the body. Business development consists of quality research, event management, risk management practice, information and communication strengthening, and leveraging commercial opportunities. This aspect entail