ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The health-illness continuum belongs to the number of concepts in healthcare that facilitate patient evaluations and allow generalizing on clients’ condition. Proposed more than forty years ago, the idea changed the ways to understand health and reduced unnecessary simplification in that regard. This essay examines the concept in question with reference to patient health and human experience and illustrates its applications to individuals’ health situation. The continuum explains the meaning of wellbeing and establishes connections between its key components, such as physical, emotional, and mental states. Travis proposed the perspective in the 1970s, stating that it was not beneficial to patient outcomes when healthcare providers regarded health as a dichotomy (Penwell-Waines, Greenawald, & Musick, 2018). The dichotomous approach is limited in its ability to improve people’s health since the ability to eliminate disease and symptoms that reduce patients’ quality of life is seen as the final goal to be reached (Penwell-Waines et al., 2018). Within the framework of the health-illness continuum, the absence of conditions that affect everyday life is perceived as the neutral point between illness and health. In a good measure, the elimination of disease is the responsibility of healthcare providers whose concerted efforts help patients to reach the mentioned neutral point. After that, the extent to which a person is conscious of his or her health becomes an important variable predicting further progress on the path of reaching high-level wellness (Grénman & Räikkönen, 2015). To pass the point of neutral health that presents false wellness, people are expected to research their personal health risks. Then, moving to high-level health involves engaging in self-study activities to be able to select healthy lifestyle practices that would be beneficial in specific situations (Grénman & Räikkönen, 2015). Therefore, as people move across the illness-wellness continuum, the degree of their responsibility for health outcomes tends to increase. Summarizing the basic facts about the health-illness continuum, it is possible to say that its relevance to patient health is linked to the prevention of disease recurrence. More specifically, since the continuum goes beyond the dichotomous perspectives of health and illness, it provides new opportunities to implement measures that address health risks in advance (Grénman & Räikkönen, 2015). For instance, when a patient finally achieves the point of neutral health, he or she can be encouraged to move in a forward direction by focusing on self-education and lifestyle improvement. In many cases, this approach can help to reinforce the results of treatment and care provided by specialists. The concept is relevant to the human experience in healthcare since the use of the health-illness continuum allows encouraging patient participation in the process of wellness improvement. The quality of this ex
Introduction Empowered by the internet and the digital media, today’s consumer is very well informed. Internet has enabled consumers to connect and share ideas with peers all over the world. The current consumer has become more skeptical, raise many questions about marketed brands and draw on more intellectual ways to work out the facade of marketing actions. As a result, new trends in marketing are emerging where online tools are widely applied. Unilever has adopted online tools for marketing research to draw information useful in brand and product development (Deighton, 2008). The aspect of consumer attitude that Dove attempted to influence in its marketing campaign In nearly all instances, the female beauty has been perpetuated and portrayed by popular culture as slender blond. This aspect of beauty can not be attained by any normal standards. This worldwide concern informed Unilever search for consumer insight and understanding of the issue. In Particular, how women perceive and understand beauty (Deighton, 2008). The result indicated that beauty has ever been depicted inaccurately. Women try as much as possible to attain what has been portrayed but find themselves below expectations. As a result, most women have not taken pleasure in their natural beauty (Deighton, 2008). Dove brand marketers also came to realize that this inaccurate portrayal of beauty have impacted negatively on the women’s’ well being and happiness (Deighton, 2008). Further, it has been hypothesized that women’s attitude towards beauty changes to be negative or positive depending on how they feel about themselves and what is being portrayed. It is these stereotypes about beauty that Dove campaigners wanted to change. How research helped guide the development of advertising objectives The goals of Unilever’s Dove promotion strategy and market research are to set up Dove as all encompassing brand. In addition, the promotion strategy was to enhance the sales of various Dove beauty products by laying bare the stereotyped characterization of beauty by the society (Deighton, 2008). The study explored in-depth understanding of beauty and well-being of women around the globe. Secondly, the study provided data concerning perceptions of women on beauty and the way they feel about themselves. This important information was found to be vital in developing advertising campaign portraying real and attainable beauty in women (Deighton, 2008). The development of integrated marketing communication plan In its integrated marketing strategy, the element of public relations was the centerpiece. The integrated approach to marketing planning involved combining the marketing tools such as consumer promotions, customers marketing, advertising and media planning. The public relations strategy was developed around the globe to generate brand awareness and establish emotional connection w
Multinational enterprises in emerging economies have the challenge of accessing technology and knowledge for production. They usually depend on expertise from foreign partners that may dictate the terms of their partnership. Many of them lack the knowledge needed to market and sell their goods to foreign markets. They may find it difficult to compete with international brand names that already dominate large markets. Furthermore, the research and development capabilities of these organizations often hamper their general success (Sauvant, 2005). It is particularly challenging to operate in target foreign markets that have weak institutions for investment. Several MNEs in developing economies tend to direct their investments to countries with similar economic challenges. These countries are likely to possess opaque political systems that constrain business set ups. Furthermore, their regulatory environments may be hostile to the concerned MNE. Sometimes these countries may have insufficient property rights or haphazard corporate governance structures. As a result, it may be difficult to become successful in such areas. Access to home resources is an important determinant to success after foreign expansion. MNEs from developing countries may not have adequate support to do well in target markets. They may lack the financing, utilities and knowledge that several developed governments offer their MNEs. This lack of strategic support from their leaders may make it particularly hard for such entities to do well in foreign markets (Dunning & Gugler, 2008). Challenges may also arise in production capabilities. Most MNEs from emerging countries offer low cost production as one of their key advantages. Therefore, when they expand overseas, they must offer tangible cost advantages for their goods. However, such a strategy is not sustainable because competitors from other emerging economies will come up with effective ways of production and thus offer lower prices (Higher education, 2011 ) . Therefore, the longevity of these businesses is quite questionable. MNEs from emerging economies also face the challenge of finding markets that have similar cultures. Countries like China may expand and thrive in Myanmar, South Korea or Vietnam but may perform poorly in Australia or the UK (Wong & Chan, 2003). This stems from differences in management styles, formation of business networks and strategic decisions. Such institutions may find it difficult to fit into these environments. Communication channels may be inappropriate or lacking. Furthermore, intercultural differences could impede cooperation and development of trust between concerned partners thus minimizing their chances of success.
Introduction Watered stock gets the assumption of stock with completely paid-up status. The stock remains fictitiously remunerated but centrally, the real status indicates per value as unpaid. Such stock is meant to represent the company’s worth because stating of the company’s shares indicates existence of utmost good faith from the investor as he/she issues resources for investments to the company’s treasury in the intension of achieving dividends, but the fact remains that the money is never paid to treasury. In a close link to Mitchell (3), watered stock purports to represent the company’s economical worth but fails due to lack of sustentative evidence over existence of the real value. According to Mitchell (2), the stock market became the core unit of the economy through emergence of the modernized corporations and the security markets. The stock markets now are a strong driving force of the economy. The birth of gigantic modernized firms, decades ago is an indication that the control has a long lifespan. At present, business transformation studies indicates that new companies are merging at an alarming rate and thus changing the financial, legal, social and economical status of firms. The big companies are thus in a position of controlling shares or stock by engaging huge manufactory and dumping into the markets. The firms are able to make huge profits from the financial and legally acceptable manipulations as opposed to the anticipated technological, managerial, marketing and distribution advancements. The big manufactures end up as stock speculators as opposed to the economically viable bond or shares buyers/sellers. The situation causes a scenario where instead of the finance dominating the manufactory industries, the wide spread stock ownership dominates finance. Stock markets began as a tool to assist up-coming businesses, but today the empowered managers utilizes the stock markets as a precise tool for managing tasks within firms (Mitchell, 3). It is the drive behind investments, decision making, planning and operating that causes a great effect to the overall economic development. Watered markets transform manufactory business institutions from the producers and suppliers they ought to be, to profit focused institutions. Today the drive behind creation of business stock markets is no longer the production and real supply, but rather modern stock markets are the key factors most businesses are merging and focusing upon. According to Mitchell (7), the development of watered stock market came about in various distinct stages for instance; the business mergers in the aim of enhancing direct production caused the watered stock. Business mergers were mainly as an injection of new investors into the market segments. Effects of the stock markets The fine understanding of watered stock presented to potential investors today, is the inequitable ownership of an entity such as a company because the worth of a venture at any given time is not equitable to the real investment and for that reason, most investors understand watered stock as security fraud. The security and exchange commission as an agency often regulates the securitie
Introduction Terrorism has become a global menace that seems to be spinning out of control. Because of its ties to religion, it has been very difficult to undo the brainwashing that has been done to recruit young men, and now women into a life that promises paradise in exchange for allegiance and personal sacrifice. This paper, therefore, seeks to answer the puzzling questions of what causes terrorism, why religion plays such a big role, and the organization of current terrorism groups and how they may or may not change in the future. Important Root Causes of terrorism The important root causes of terrorism are mainly two: a perceived sense of social & political injustice such that the group seeks to right the wrong and, the view that violence is the only way to achieve a revolution (Zalman par.3). For example, the Uighur separatists in China feel justified because of religious repression by the majority Buddhist population. Another example of justification of violence as a cause of terrorism is how Palestinians feel the only effective response to the Israeli occupation of their land is by engaging in violent acts of bombings and guerilla tactics. According to Keet, there are other reasons though:   * Ethnicity – some terrorist groups form because they form a small part of the population or vice versa thus they choose to pursue separatist means to achieve recognition or assert dominance e.g. Hutus in Rwanda or Shias in Afghanistan.   * Poverty and economic disadvantage such that a feeling of neglect and anger festers in the mind of such people. This is seen in the ideology of Christian Identity followers who view the bank system as a defective form of usury.   * Lack of correct implementation of the democratic rights and lack of general democratic principles (non) democracy e.g. in Middle East countries there is little democracy as seen in the recent Iran elections. Such oppressive regimes cause people to resort to violence. On the other hand, too much democracy is also viewed as a Western evil that has no place in conservative Muslim countries.   * Dehumanization of members of terrorist groups e.g. the maltreatment of detainees while at Guantanamo Bay (commonly referred to as Gitmo) which served as the basis for recruiting even more radical Islamists because having a basis for hating Western democracy.   * Lastly, religion which will be discussed later is a big contributing factor for justifying acts of terrorism (par.3-7). Role of religion in formation and operations of terrorism groups Religion plays a very large role in terrorist acts. The following examples attest to this. The ideology of Christian Identity is a belief system of Aryan whites as God’s chosen people from the flock of Adam’s legitimate son who was Abel and follow the doctrine of Anglo-Israelism which believes that whites are the sons of the ten lost tribes of Israel. They believe that the world will come to an end soon in this millennium and the Second coming of Christ which will require a certai
Social Fact by Durkheim Durkheim looks at the social fact as a characteristic illustration of common experiences. To confirm his assertions on social facts, Durkheim emphasizes that one has to look at the way in which a child is raised. Through his illustration, Durkheim identifies various features including acknowledgement of education as a continuous effort aimed at shaping behaviors of children as they grow. Emphasis is put on the constraining aspects; and in the event that the constraints are not adhered to; then this is because constraints leads to the emergence of habits and internal tendencies. This renders redundancy to the constraints though they are not eradicated as they still remain to be the source from which habits emanates (Durkheim and Lukes, p 5). Spencer argued that these methods are rejected by a rational education thereby letting children conduct themselves with complete freedom. However, since this pedagogic theory has not been tested, it has to be accepted merely as a personal opinion as opposed to a fact that can contradict the observations noted earlier. These facts are made instructive because education is aimed at socializing individuals. Therefore, the process of education offers the historical fashion in which social beings are established. The incessant pressure which children are subjected to is the pressure of the social milieu to shape the children and that teachers and parents are only representatives and intermediaries in the whole process (Durkheim and Lukes, p 6). Stratification by Davis and Moore There is no doubt that societal stratification exists in virtually all societies around the world. The societies all over the world need to distribute their members in social positions and make them carry out the duties associated with their respective positions. There is an observation that jobs that are regarded as the most unpleasant in the societies are nonetheless undertaken. In the same breadth, those jobs that are regarded as the most difficult and strenuous are also undertaken. Davies and Moore looked at these assertions and presented their arguments to explain the scenarios. In their observations, Davies and Moore noted that: If the duties associated with the various positions were all equally pleasant to the human organism; all equally to societal survival; and all equally in need of the same ability or talent; [then] it will not make a difference who got into which positions, and the problem of social placement would be greatly reduced (Davis and Moore, p 243). However, this is not the case as some positions are regarded as being more p
Mistake prevention in the work environment is achieved by educating healthcare workers to perform their jobs better (Grout 5). Specifically in the lab section, the rate of contamination associated with blood culture is lowered by having well trained laboratory personnel in place. In the case of mistake prevention, the hospital uses checklists as a way of achieving mistake-proofing. This is done particularly when the lists are made in a manner that makes it impractical to move from one step to another without making a confirmation that the previous step has been properly performed (Grout 6). In the case of preventing the influence of mistakes, the facility employs written protocols and policies detailing responsibilities as well as providing contingencies when such responsibilities are not fully met or when they are not met at all. In addition, standardized protocols are employed in the health facility to prevent idiosyncratic improvisation. In the case of mistake detection, the hospital uses self-checks and successive checks (Grout 7). Successive checks usually involve revising the last steps in order to ascertain their completion or error occurrence. Self-checks are usually restricted to workers. They employ them to evaluate their own work. In ad
Introduction Fossil fuels are one of the primary sources of energy in human society. It continues to expand and evolve in order to meet the demands of the modern economy. The field of petroleum engineering encompasses working in the industry with any activities related to the extraction and production of hydrocarbons. These are compounds that are directly involved in the creation of oil and natural gas. The industry and processes are complex, involving significant technical challenges and other considerations. While production volumes and fracking technology are central to petroleum engineering, it is most important that the industry follows a sustainable trend. Because reducing environmental impact and promoting energy efficiency, and utilizing innovative technology are critical. Environmental Impact The expansion of the industry requires searching for hydrocarbon deposits in hard-to-access locations. Currently, the deep sea is being actively industrialized with increased oil and natural gas exploration. The difficult conditions and the lack of information about deep-sea ecosystems are creating challenges to drilling and further environmental management. The impact of infrastructure creation such a sediment resuspension and seafloor digging for pipelines are restricted with a 100-meter radius but can cause low-toxicity oil discharge for over 2km. While the marine ecosystem will be affected in the area of exploration activities, it is of great concern that fragile ecosystems further away may be damaged as well without proper access to data and environmental management (Cordes et al. 1). Recent social trends, international environmental guidelines, and regulations from oversight agencies have led to the implementation of improved management strategies to mitigate impacts during deep-sea drilling. One such mechanism is the blow-out preventer (BOP) which limits the spread of discharge in the deep-sea currents. Drilling requires the use of fluids and chemicals for aspects such as hydrostatic pressure, lubrication, and cooling. As the steel pipe casing is inserted into the well, the sediment and resulting drill cuttings are spread around the site at the seafloor. With the use of BOP, valves controlling the well are in place, which allows drill fragments and fluids to be circulated to the surface and recycled (Cordes et al. 1). Environmental protection and sustainability is a relevant topic in petroleum engineering as the industry attempts to compete with clean energy and mitigate public scrutiny. Drilling Efficiency One of the key factors for the production volume of hydrocarbons is drilling efficiency. Therefore, it remains a cru
Growing up, it is emphasized that what children eat be varied, substantial, and nourishing. “Not too many sweets. You’ll get a stomach ache,” so many hear from caring, cautious parents. Through childhood, adolescence, high school, and college, many continue to hear these types of warnings. “How have you been eating?” many are asked, to their own frustration. The cause of that frustration is often that what one has been eating is a far less pressing factor in his or her overall happiness than what one has been getting out of the relationships he, or she, is in. Often, this feature of a person’s life is not given the same focus as what is taken in to nourish the body, and yet it is a key component to one’s mental and emotional health. Balance in relationships is important to the heart for the very same reason as a balanced diet is important to the body. Without it, one is left without key, nutritional necessities to the proper working of the mind. To exemplify this, a look will now be taken at some of the parent-child relationships examined in short stories by Alice Walker, David Sedaris, and Sherwood Anderson, as well as a quick analysis of how the concept ultimately translates into romance, monogamy, and friendship. Alice Walker’s story “Everyday Use” is a good example of how too much of a nutritious substance—encouragement—can result in a daughter that is without certain key ingredients to a well-rounded personality. Dee is the daughter about which this is, and her persona throughout “Everyday Use” rings of self-importance without a significant sense of empathy. One piece of information Walker provides us with is that this character is never told, “No,” throughout her childhood, and readers are able to see how that lack of perspective has created a self-centered person (Walker, 1973, p. 3). Everyone needs to realize that one’s wants and needs are of the world’s many, and in considering all appetites, foregoing one’s own inclinations is necessary. This relates to the manner by which one is fed. One could imagine a child being served meals as soon as he or she is hungry throughout his or her life, to the detriment of others. That child is Dee. That is why she has no care for Maggie’s wants or needs, and decides automatically that her reasons for wanting the quilt in question are superior to Maggie’s intention to employ it for everyday use (Walker, 1973, p. 7). The main character in Sedaris’ “The Girl Next Door” is never without the buzz of his mother’s criticisms in his ears. “She liked to take” his “problems back to the source, which was usually” him (Sedaris, 2009, p. 1). This character cannot make a choice without his mother providing a stinging assessment of that choice. This would be the equivalent of constantly being fed, for example, meat and potatoes by one’s mother, while having to suffer intense blame and destructive criticism whenever one dares to eat anything else. Meat and potatoes are nourishing, but one would begin to resent the strength they provide if not allowed to eat any other foods without being chastise