ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An antagonist is defined as a character or even an institution which is representing opposition against each other. They could also be defined as a group or an individual who opposes the main character. In American History, two personalities Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan Edwards were seen to represent two different approaches to the creation of national identity in the years which lead to the creation of an American republic. Background information of the two personalities Benjamin Franklin Benjamin was born in 1706 and died in 1790, at age 84. He is said to be one of the founding fathers of the present United States of America. Franklin was a renowned author and scientist he also participated in politics as an activist which made him be popular. He participated actively in physics and history and he discovered electricity and he pioneered the first library which would lead books to the public. As a writer, he advocated for the idea of an American nation and he also helped America attain its independence while he was a diplomat during the American Revolution. He became a national hero when he spearheaded the repeal of the unpopular stamp act (Bamford, 157). Jonathan Edwards Jonathan was born in 1703 and died in 1758 at the age of 54 years. He was a theologian, preacher, and missionary to Native Americans. He is regarded as one of America’s intellectuals; his participation in revival increased the spiritual interest or the renewal of the life of the church congregation either regionally or globally. In 1733 there was an increase of converts to Christianity after the revival which took place in that time. The revival began in the city of Northampton where most followers were converted. This brought division to the community and affected business operations in the city. There are similarities to the creation of an American Republic. Despite them coming from diverse backgrounds these two men were very young and full of zeal and had a dream of making the American Republic. Yet, they had never met, and neither did they ever met in their entire lifetime. Both of them during the American revolution represented two totally different sides despite them having grown in the same era of the Calvinist culture of then-new England. They also grew up at a time which was dominated by the print media and therefore each of them was informed of what went on around them as they could be able to read any thing they found on there hands and by that they realized that the Calvinist culture was out of date (Perkins and Perkins, 214). Having been early inventors they shared a lot of things in common with both of them being inventor in there own capacities. They also had learnt a lot from there constant hard work earning them credibility and respect amongst the fellow citizens. There differences in there works in the creation of an American republic Jonathan Edwards was a high priest while Benjamin Franklin was a political activist that served in different capacities from America, Britain and France during sermons in church. Mr. Edwards advocated for change in t
Social workers need to have the profound theoretical and practical knowledge to help people. Their knowledge flows from an understanding of the full range of complexities and resources of the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual environment. Despite conflicting paradigms between traditional problem-based assessments and strengths-based approaches, it seems that it is the second approach that helps people do better in the long run (Graybeal, 2001). The problem-oriented social work paradigm stresses the client’s negative aspects: disorders, vices, control, obligations, and misbehaviors (Kreiviniene & Rimkus). The ROPES social work model, which focuses on the individual’s strengths, applies to investigate social isolation causes. The usage of this model can positively affect clients who are in crisis and express suicidal thoughts. Social workers are in dire need of creating tools to identify strengths in the individual. The ROPES social work model is such a tool (Graybeal, 2001); now, the model is in development; its author is Graybeal Clay. The main components of this model are Resources, Opportunities, Possibilities, Exceptions, and Solutions. Among the resources that must be considered when identifying a problem, the following should be named: family, social environment, community. Guiding questions will also help the disoriented or stuck practitioner navigate. By asking alternative questions, understanding arises not only for the social service provider but also for the client (Graybeal, 2001). Perhaps the client will see hope in their situation or look at the problem with a fresh perspective, contributing to the more successful construction of solutions to problems. Social isolation is the objective absence of social relations or the scarcity of social contacts. Long-term illness, disabilities, transportation challenges, or unemployment can all contribute to social isolation. Being in such a state is fraught with the fact that people will begin to abuse alcohol and cigarettes; several studies have proved that this behavior’s cause is a lonely lifestyle (Novotney, 2019). Results from 2015 studies have shown a strong association between social isolation and the risk of early mortality (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2015). Social workers often have to work with clients who are in a state of isolation from others. Their job involves choosing an appropriate service for a client and assessing the possible results of these services (Kisthardt, 2013). The detrimental effect of isolation on the client’s health obliges social workers to seek practical solutions to this problem that ensure positive results. The ROPES social work model assumes a more attentive attitude to the questions asked and the responses received from the client than is required by traditional assessment. In the context of working with people subject to a s
Mass communication is one of the most important spheres of influence that shapes and forms social opinions, informs mass society about current news, political and economic changes, and cultural innovations. The new media marks a new stage in mass communication development which opens new opportunities and challenges for society and the state. The new media sees information exchanged as an economic commodity( Hirst and Harrison, 2007: p. 379). While information has been bought and sold since the dawn of history, only in recent years has it become a commodity in its own right, competing with manufactured goods and agricultural commodities in commercial marketplaces. In the history of mass communication, it is possible to distinguish three main stages: ethic-legal paradoxes, techno-legal time-gap, and surveillance society, The new media is characterized by technological changes and changes in ideas and ideals of the society, new legal rules and regulations affected the world. Ethico-Legal Paradoxes Since the beginning of the 20 th century, there was enhanced interconnectedness among information technologies and institutions. Improved information flows and often more homogeneous indu
Automotive paint spray booths spraying flammable/combustible liquids are the power-ventilated structures which are actively used to provide the spraying operations because of the structures’ purpose to avoid the escape of the hazardous spray and to limit vapors with the help of the exhaust systems. Following the International Building Code, “307.4 defines Class I, II, or IIIA flammable liquids used or stored in closed containers or systems pressurized at more than 15 psi, (paint spraying), to be High-Hazard Group H-2” (“A Guide to ICC Spray Booth Codes”). Thus, referring to this code, it is possible to recommend the appropriate fire protection system for the automotive paint spray booths spraying flammable/combustible liquids used and located in Fargo, North Dakota. The Classification of the Risks and Recommended Systems The classification of the risk associated with spraying in the booths as High-Hazard is connected with the character of the sources of ignition within the spraying areas which are often the determined as the use of electrical equipment and inadequate ventilation. Thus, the use of the electrical equipment which does not meet the appropriate standards increases the risk of the fire within the spraying areas. Furthermore, the fire hazards are also associated with the operation of the inadequate ventilation systems which are often used in spray booths. The failures in operating the ventilation systems also contribute to the rapid spread of the fire (“A Guide to ICC Spray Booth Codes”). As a result, the fire and the situation of the hazardous spray and vapors’ escape can cause the fire and health problems within the community. According to the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the spray booths should be protected with the help of the automatic sprinklers (Ferguson and Janicak 163). That is why referring to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards (NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems and NFPA 33 Standard for the Spray Application Using Flammable and Combustible Materials), it is necessary to recommend such a fire suppression system as the automatic sprinkler system based on using water. Installation of the Automatic Sprinkler System Modern automatic sprinkler systems are based on the use of the wet pipe with references to the available sufficient water supply. The maximum pressure of the water supply in 45 PSI is appropriate for the system. To respond to the NFPA standards, the spray booth should be constructed from the non-combustible materials and be located in more than 3 ft. from the other operations and systems. Moreover, the booth should be rounded by the clear space to contribute to the fire protection and avoid the extreme sprea
The article under investigation is focused on the cost system. In particular, it discusses the way cost accounting influences product costs. The authors emphasize that product costs are vital for sensible decision-making in the framework of marketing and product introduction (Collier, 2015). Professionals may resort to different cost systems when there is a necessity to measure product costs, but no agreement is yet achieved regarding the most appropriate one. The authors maintained research trying to identify a system that provides the most benefit to the organization and stopped on the utilization of the long-term variable cost. In particular, attention should be paid to manufacturing and marketing. They stated that it is critical to remember that product costs tend to vary greatly. In some cases, this characteristic depends on the physical volume of items, labor and machine hours, or material costs, etc. In other cases, the difference and complexity in the product line matters. Thus, these costs are developed based on overhead support and marketing departments. All in all, it can be claimed that this variability is associated with the necessity to start the next phase of production, logistics, or distribution. On this basis, it is presupposed that professionals resort to long-term variable costs of manufacturing and marketing when they make vital decisions. These may include pricing, introducing, discontinuing, and reengineering or products or product lines. What is more, cost systems may turn into an influential component of the whole business that influences its success and ensures competitive advantages. The full and variable cost can be used for the measurement of the product cost, but they fail to cost products correctly because they do not provide the inventory valuation function as expected. Financial reporting remains poor because of operational control and product costing deficiencies. They turn out to be too detailed and aggregate. Marginal costing, for example, does not work because it was developed for the conditions that are not typical today, such as small product diversity and variation in demand. Discomfort is faced when using fixed-cost allocations because they focus on the direct labor hours, which is not actually when a lot of automated machinery is used. Multiple allocations may also be problematic because costs do not always have the same behavior. The cost of complexity should be considered by those organizations that operate in the framework of a complicated production-management environment. Transactions can be analyzed to understand what drives these costs. A direct-labor-based system and a transaction-based system can be approached to report product costs. Still, in the framework of the conducted research where a firm tried using various systems, it was identified that the first one approaches the low-volume products as profitable while the strategic cost analysis leads
Lee’s biographical information and background Nikki S. Lee, initially named Lee Seung-Hee, was born in a small rural village of Kye-Chang in South Korea in 1970 (“Nikki S. Lee “). As a child, before a growing interest in photography, she dreamed of becoming a renowned actress. She earned her Bachelor’s Degree in Fine Arts at Chung-Ang University in South Korea in 1993 before earning a Master’s Degree in Photography at the New York University five years later (“Lee, Nikki S”). Her artistic journey began a year after she completed her master’s degree and held her first exhibition in New York. First exhibitions and accomplishments as an artist Lee had her first exhibition at the Leslie Tonkonow Artworks and Projects in 1999. Considered to be one of a kind, the unique nature of this exhibition placed her in the limelight. In Holland Cotter’s Art in Review; Nikki S. Lee, this exhibition is referred to as the trans-life style of art. It introduces a new form of art in which the artist becomes a character in front of the camera rather than the one behind it. The exhibition was comprised of photographs in which Lee immersed herself into one of the many cultures in New York by observing and assuming their behaviour, codes of dressing, states of mind and living among them for some time (Cotter). All the photographs in the exhibition were captured by either a friend or a passing stranger. Inspirations and influences Nikki Lee is best known for ‘The Hispanic Project’. In this project, she dressed, walked and lived like other people in the Hispanic community. In the first image, Lee had her photograph taken at the National Puerto Rican Day Parade in New York City in the company of other Hispanic ladies. The nonchalance of the people around them is a clear illustration of her ability to change her identity (Cotter). Nikki S. Lee, The Hispanic Project (1), 1998. In the second photograph, her picture is taken within the same Hispanic community. Her ability to fit into the Hispanic community makes it possible for her to appear relaxed in this photograph (“Nikki S. Lee”). Nikki S. Lee, The Hispanic Project (19), 1998. In ‘The Seniors Project’, Lee managed to transform herself to fit the image of an old woman by dressing like one and putting on a mask. Nikki S. Lee, The Seniors Project (26), 1999. Lee’s working style According to the Museum of Contemporary Photography, Nikki Lee immerses herself into the culture and the day to day lives of the people she seeks to identify with (“Lee, Nikki S.”). Once she has identified her interest group, Lee takes the time to learn their attitudes and values before approaching them. Her art is comprised of raw shots that are taken by untrained strangers, friends or members of the group she has joined. All the shots are taken using simple snapshot cameras. Overarching concept and style of the artist’s work Lee is known for her ability to transform and become part of any given
Change Management at the Minzer Company Introduction Change is relative to a thread. It is intertwined into both professional and personal components of lives. It has the ability to steadily occur within the environment mankind dwells in and even beyond. This reflective treatise attempts to explicitly review the successful organizational change involving implementing a flex friendly work schedule in relation to models and philosophies of change management within the Minzer Organization. Besides, the treatise identifies the keys to successful implementation of this organizational change. Implementing the Flex Friendly Work Schedule Changes in an organization can be either planned, unplanned or both (Battilana & Casciaro 2012). For example, the planned change which was introduced within the Minzer Organization encompassed implementing the flex friendly work schedule by introduction of a communication plan for tracking response progress for all the staff. The communication plan was meant to embrace the company’s technocrats to decide on the period required to make proposal viable through the company’s board of directors, the company innovation engineers, head of departments, and the company communication representative agent who are the main stakeholders. The staff members embraced this planned change and the response rate was recorded at 72%. Reflectively, this change was accepted since it appealed to the immediate and long term interests of the staff and it made the hierarchy of operations in the company predictable (Newman 2012). Unless they take a positive attitude to embrace change and create an environment that motivated change, quantifiable change may just be a dream (Battilana & Casciaro 2012). Fortunately, the positive attitude and direct participation of all the stakeholders made this organization change very friendly. However, one part of the implementing a flex friendly work schedule faced resistance from some of the staff. Due to increased aggregate for the company’s product, the company decided to increase on the supply through adding of an extra machine to boost on the capacity. However, this part was met with heavy resistance since the argument from the implementers was that the company did not consider increasing the human capacity or offering incentives to support this change. Since this was a onetime change, there was no room adjustment and making improvements. However, the employees were convinced to embrace the change through series
Although traditionally considered beyond profitable, the oil and gas industry requires substantial costs and often demands that immediate decisions should be made regarding a specific issue (Daly, 2013). The process of oil extraction is often fraught with numerous problems, the tools being either extraordinarily expensive or dismissed by EPA as environmentally inappropriate (Suslick, Schiozer, and Rodriguez, 2009). In his choice between marketing natural gas, considering the purchase of expensive inventory for working in the Prudhoe Bay, producing condensates, and resorting to gas recycling, the owner of the project chose the latter option, yet it required a substantial amount of resources (Finch, Macmillan and Simpson, 2002). Although the opportunities for further progress that the project has now seem equally important, it is crucial at present to focus on investing in the equipment development so that the industry infrastructure could be built to an even greater degree (Bradner, 2015). Thus, entrepreneurship will be able to grow and provide premises for other organizations to create partnerships with it. The ample opportunities that the focus on investing in building the necessary tools implies are not to be underrated (EY, 2014). Specifically, the pipeline that the company has designed and that is bound to become a groundbreaking innovation in improving the extraction of oil needs to be created further (Bradner, 2015). Indeed, according to the existing description of the industry, the lack of appropriate devices may have dire consequences on the success of the entrepreneurship: “For example, inefficient processes, lack of automation, and poor services support can lead to workforce inefficiency” (Inkpen and Moffett, 2011, p. 190). A tighter supervision of the identified issues, however, is likely to contribute to a consistent rise in the employees’ satisfaction rates because of the properly functioning equipment and the overall success of the operational processes. Therefore, the performance quality is going to rise (EY, 2015). Figure 1. Decision Tree for Point Thompson As stressed above, investing in the employees is another important issue that the organization should focus on. By purchasing the tools that will make the process of oil extraction easier, as well as investing in the staff’s training to use the machinery accordingly, the organization will be able to save on hiring a qualified workforce (Galli, Armstrong and Jehl, 1999). Furthermore, the premises for building a team of loyal employees will be created. The rest of the options that the company has are nonetheless crucial for its further progress, yet they can be viewed as the next steps to complete and the issues of lower priority than the one related to the equipment design and its further usage. For instance, purchasing the necessary tools could be viewed as an alternative to inventing the instruments and making it the company’s selling point. However, the acquisition of the required resources
Introduction Facebook Corporation was established by the current chief Executive Officer Mark Zuckerberg in 2004. In its inception days, the Facebook Corporation membership was limited to Harvard students though it was later expanded to other institutions in the city of Boston (Veer, 2011, p.271). The company operates as a social networking site connecting users with friends who work, live and study around them. People use Facebook to keep up with others, upload photos, share videos and links as well as understand the situation about people they meet. Of all social networking sites Facebook has the widest regional coverage with over 700 million active users (Facebook Inc, 2011, p.36). PESTEL analysis Since the establishment of Facebook Inc, the company has been facing legal proceeding in regard to the use of the social networking idea. The company has been accused of interfering with the privacy of the users. This resulted in declining traffic in key markets until the company introduced powerful controls for sharing personal information. Although they claim to reinforce the law on users, case of hacking confidential information still affect the company’s business (Facebook, 2009, pp.1-11). Another political factor could be the copyright policies. Considering the scattered nature of Facebook users, most of them are not aware of these policies and end up violating them. The social network site is also affected by bans in certain countries. For instance, the company had been banned operating in China since 2009 (Facebook, 2011, p.36). Children welfare associations affect the company as a result of exposing detrimental materials to children. Indeed, the office of the New York Attorney General stepped up warnings against the company saying that Facebook might face a consumer fraud indict for misrepresenting how the site is safe for children. The growing of Asian and Latin America economies is an economic factor that has the highest leverage on the business. In fact, the company fiscal 2011 plan is to expand to the Asian countries such as China. The company plans to launch in China and abide by the laws of the corporation by partnering with the Chinese search engine Baidu. These growing economies increase the income of the pe