ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Foster’s Group is an international beer manufacturing company engaged in brewing activities, making of wines and producing other varieties of soft drinks. It is the main brewers of the internationally recognized foster lager. It is one of the companies listed in the Australia stock exchange with its headquarters at the Melbourne city in Australia. The company has its current CEO as the Trevor O’Holy. It has annual revenue of appropriately $3.9 billion and an employee capacity of 35,000 (Mark, 2007). Main Text The history of its foundations is dated back in 1886, by William and Ralph in Melbourne. Since its foundation, the company has continued to expand internationally. The company is comprised of three subsidiaries namely the Carlton & United Beverages, Matilda Bay Brewing Company and the Foster wines Estates. Its big volume can be attributed to its ten brands of beer which are internationally recognized and fifteen wines brands highly placed in the market place. In Australia the company faces competition from; the Hardy Wine Company, the Drageo Australia Ltd & the Lion Nathan Limited. (Seiler, 2002). However, the operational structure of Fosters Group is characterized by a divergence in its overseas expansions where diversity in the results of these expansions has let the investments either value creating or value destroying. With value creating, these ventures were profitable to the company, competing in the market and had high economies of scale in its productions. (Warner, 2001)Elsewhere, value destroying ventures to this company are however associated to a loss in profit mark up, low rate of competition and an inadequacy in the structural capacity leading to the companies overall loss in such ventures. Foster’s Group is comprised of three distinct subsidiary companies working under full affiliation of the company. Value destroying investment ventures can be looked as the ventures engaged by the company which has led to a reduction in its annual revenue. In such cases, the most contributing factors to such value reducing has been high market competition that has led to low revenue against high cost of production, different cost variable that have led to a high cost than the profit revenue, corporate governance weaknesses whose through their poor structures have resulted to weakness in the venture management and even various external shock risks like political influence and the market forces of demand and supply instabilities. Perhaps the biggest value adding venture by Foster Company was in start-up of a subsidiary in Russia which was an affiliate subsidiary of the Carlton and United Brewers. This took place in 1996 after an arranged management start-up by the Carlton and United Brew
The Problem Haiti is a country that suffers from major political instability, which has deterred the country’s growth and development. Between 1950 and 2008, the country had a record eleven coup d’états highlighting the volatility of the political scene there. In spite of the restoration of democratic rule in 2006, Haiti has continued to suffer from political instability. Indifferent and ineffective governance that continues to accentuate the instability already experienced by Haiti characterizes the country. These factors have deterred economic development in this South American Country. The socioeconomic factors in the country are the most serious causes of the instability. The BBC (2012) records that Haiti has a huge wealth gap with a minority 1% owning nearly 50% of the country’s wealth. The poor have engaged in widespread riots or joined gangs due to the lack of alternative means of employment. The climate of instability has led to a rise of powerful urban gangs and militia who often operate with government sanction. The legitimacy and authority of political leaders are sometimes derived from the power of this militia (Carey, 2005). At the same time, political instability has had the effect of further plunging the country into economic disarray. The Haitian economy has suffered greatly in light of the political turmoil that has plagued the country. In the mid 1990s, the deepening political crisis led to a drop in international aid. By the end of 1997, the lack of a functioning government led to a freeze in international aid to Haiti, an act that left the formal Haitian economy virtually collapsed (Donais, 2005). The dependency theory sheds some light on the rampant poverty that has fueled the political instability in Haiti. This theory states “as long as the Third World is linked to the north they can never break free of their dependence and poverty” (Diaz, Trapp & Feldman, 2008, p.3). This is a true reflection of the Haitian situation since as a former colony of France, Haiti’s link to the Western world was established centuries ago. Even after independence, Haiti continued to rely on the policies and economic support of Western powers. Haiti continues to depend on the international community for financial aid. In addition to this, the country relies primarily on the US as the destination for her exports. Fig 1: Haitian Borrowing in Millions of Dollars The world systems theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein can also be used to explain the situation in Haiti. This theory advances that the world is divided into core countries, which are industrialized capitalist countries and periphery countries like Haiti that rely on low-skill and rely on labor-intensive production. According to the theory, these periphery countries such as Haiti suffer from unequal distribution of labor and exchange and they are exploited by the core countries. Background Haiti is geographically located in the Caribbean island of Hispaniola and it shares the Island with the Dominican Republic which lies on its East. The c
Introduction Purpose, Limitations, and Scope of Report The world has become a global village. Markets are accessible to almost anyone provided they have knowledge about the local conditions. With multiple opportunities, marketers understand the need for a consistent bearing in their planning efforts (Wall, 2004). The possibility of wandering off towards unprofitable opportunities is real. Marketing strategists must continually ask themselves what they are aiming at (Robert, 2005). With the relenteless forces of globalization continually changing the international business climate, Apple Inc has a solemn role to consider how it gets into new markets. Apple has an interest in the Russian market. Previous efforts to enter the Russian market came to naught. If Apple wants to return profits in its Russian operations, then it cannot ignore the need for a detailed environemental analysis to determine the issues that influence business in this vast market. They need this analysis in order to develop a strong marketing strategy that will insure good results. After all, “Strategy is about doing the right things” (The Harvard Business School, 2005, p. xi.) Apple already recognizes the need for the development of a formal strategy. This is a position that Henderson (1991) supports. He advocates for the formal planning of all strategies, which includes marketing strategies. The analysis will rely on available data. Getting first hand information from the country is very difficult given the government bureaucracy. In addition, the cost of a full-scale market research is prohibitive. Hence, a desktop search is a fitting substitute for the process provided there is a proper appreciation of its limitations. This report therefore will provide preliminary assessment of the environment of the market, which may inform the need for an onsite market research project. The report covers various aspects of the business climate. The Background of Apple Inc in Russia Apple Inc has been in the personal computer and electronics business for more than thirty years. The headquarters of Apple Inc is in the Silicon Valley in California. Its first name was Apple Computers Inc, but in 2007, it dropped the name “Computer” from its name to reflect its growing stature as a provider of personal electronics and not just computers. Currently its product line includes the world famous Macintosh computers, the I-phone, the I-pad, and the I-pod, in addition to many software products. The company diversified its product portfolio to take advantage of technological advances a
The reduction of deaths caused by obesity can be done by imposing rules that govern the food industry. Consumers International and the World Obesity Federation advocate the need for food control (Stephens par. 1). Rules concerning food require strict adherence where the focus shifts from producers to the consumers who should access healthy options. Consumers International and the World Obesity Federation recommend that corporations and governments make regulations of the food and drink industry through evaluating prices, levying duties, reviewing authorization measures, as well as investing highly in studies around food and drinks. Other measures should entail public education on healthy consumption and a check on ads involving the food and drink industry. The industry is expected to continue producing food with minimal levels of salt and sugar, as well as saturated fats (Stephens par. 15). Governments should encourage hospitals and learning institutions to provide health education. The article made me know that governments and corporations have a crucial role to play in effective food control. This reality of corporate control of food is no longer invisible to me as I have realized that major companies have the monopoly of carrying out the logistics of production and distribution of food while dominating in the food market. This has been primarily contributed by the globalization of food production, which is backed up by trade agreements, thus driving out small-scale traders. Work Cited Stephens, Pippa. “Food Should Be Regulated Like Tobacco, Say Campaigners.” BBC News, Web.
Cultural exchange refers to the exchange of values, ideologies, beliefs and interests between two or more ethnic groups. Cultural exchange is inevitable in any circumstance that involves human interaction. De Vries (1979) argues that, in the sixteenth century, which is also termed as the golden age, the human activity that people consider having played the biggest part in enhancing cultural exchange is trade (p.12). This happened through the human contacts that people had established in the leading trade routes in the sixteenth century. This paper, therefore, keenly examines the activities of the principal trade routes in the sixteenth century and the cultural exchange that took place. The trade routes provide an unduobtable evidence of human achievement in an effort to expand and change for the better. Regardless of the commodities of a given trade route, there were traces of the cultural interactions that people had left even years after the trade network declined (Bentley et al., 2008, p.17). The main trade routes that were in existence in the 16th century include the Tran-Saharan gold trade network that linked the north and western Afric
Introduction More than any other form of communication tool internet advertising is one of the most precise and effective marketing tool in the modern world. Essentially, internet advertising are distinct from each other but used as a combination to bring out the meaning of internet advertising as a tool for marketing communication. Internet is an amalgamation of networks operating on a laid down technical protocol that make users all over the world to have an access to as well as exchange information. The information exchange and access is usually achieved through the use of tools such as emails, World Wide Web and chart rooms. In contrast, advertising is the paid reconciled form of communication whose source is known and intended to convince the recipient or the target to take the future or an immediate action (Richards & Curran 2002, p. 74). Therefore, by combining internet and advertising, the definition of internet advertising would be any form of communication containing both the elements of advertising and internet. Like any other form of advertising, internet advertising as a form of communication is a multi-faceted phenomenon. It varies from all kinds while spans over time and space The features of internet advertising as a marketing communication tool Internet advertising is distinct from other mainstream traditional forms of advertising tools (McMillan & Hwang 2002, p.46). It combines both the traditional notions of marketing and advertising. Traditionally, advertising focused on the aspects of communication such as awareness and change of attitudes while marketing focused on the behavior change such as brand loyalty and purchasing. Internet advertising incorporates those forms of massages whose elements were found in-between marketing and advertising. Hence, it blurs and compresses the different traditional notions of both marketing and advertising. The internet compression of the traditional forms of marketing and advertising communication tools can be seen in the current internet banner ads. The banner ads are capable of building both the brand awareness as well as selling the presented services. The benefits of such kind of compression are that it reduces cost and at the same time delivers the messages as quickly as possible (Liu & Shrum 2002, p.55). The other important distinctive characteristic of internet advertising is that it allows interactivity among the consumers. Internet adverts are the first known and widely available consumer interactive medium (McMillan & Hwang 2002, p.47). The element of interactivity is a multi-faceted concept with benefits that includes a high-level user engagement, two-way communication, control over messages and timeless communication. Thus, internet advertising is the only form of advertising that has the capacity to develop the consumer’s two-way communication Internet advertising messages also have the unique feature of being intrusive. In the first instances during its development, many users perceived internet advertising as lacking intrusiveness hence taken as being ineff
Abstract Managers play a crucial role in ensuring the achievement of organizational goals. Nurse Managers assume the responsibility of ensuring the provision of health care services. However, such managers undergo a number of challenges that they have to solve discreetly. This paper presents a hypothetical case involving violation of the HPPA stipulations and quality assurance/performance. This paper will develop a plan to solve the highlighted problem by considering various leadership theories coupled with giving tools for evaluation of the stipulated strategies. Introduction Managers shape the image of institutions and it is evident that most growth and development seen in various sectors is due to good management. The task of a manager is to lead an organization towards achieving its goals whilst adhering to the set rules and regulations. Nursing management ensures that services are rendered to patients effectively. It entails the creation of strategies, rules, and regulations that facilitate the delivery of services and achievement of goals by working in unity with employees and other departments in an institution. In addition to these tasks, nursing managers should identify shortfalls in an organization, particularly those related to management, and resolve them. This paper explains how nursing managers can resolve some nursing managerial challenges that might occur during service delivery. The paper will define a problem, develop an action plan, suggest possible solutions, and explain the means of implementing the most pertinent strategy. Moreover, the paper will develop a tool for evaluating whether the expected outcomes have been met or not. Hypotheses Case and Report The cases to be tackled in this paper involve two observations that I made at a clinical site showing managerial weakness of the organization. I work for Maxim Health Services, which conducts wellness clinics with the help of registered nurses for corporate or private companies in various locations in Manhattan and Brooklyn. In the first case, Maxim Health had tasked nurses to attend to about 300 participants who were to be screened for blood pressures, glucose, and lipids. Normally, each nurse is in a private room with each patient to protect the HPPA rights, but on this day, the hosting company gave the nurses a small conference room where they were set up in various sides of a long table, which was the only available room. Once the clinic commenced, each nurse engaged his/her own patient in a different way by striking up conversation or getting straight to the task. Once the tests were done, it was evident that everyone in the room could hear the others’ conversation and what their results of the screening were for the room was so small and thus even if someone whispered it echoed throughout the room. Additionally, we were backed up and patients were lined up against the wall in the room sitting on chairs waiting
It is argued that educators and policy makers must consider nutrition as a critical ingredient in the development of educational interventions principally designed to enhance the participation and academic performance of students across the world (Galal & Hulett 2003, p. 11). Recently, more than ever, academics, educators and health professionals are in agreement that nutrition plays a significant role on a range of variables of school performance, including but not limited to “…enrolment, attendance, grade repetition, behaviour cognition, psychosocial well-being, and achievement levels” (Grantham-McGregor & Olney 2006, p. 105). Nutritional status, specifically overall diet quality is a variable of substantial importance for students as it influences intelligence and scholastic achievement (Ivanovic et al 2008, p. 19), as well as cognition and behavior (Florence, Asbridge & Veugellers 2008, p. 209). Extant literature demonstrates that although parents, educators, and health professionals continue to tout the interdependence between what students eat and their educational achievement, evidence for this association is not always obvious, not mentioning that recurrent biases on both sides of the argument often override data when this topic is brought to the attention of the relevant stakeholders (Taras 2005, p. 199). More importantly, very few studies have cared to analyze this issue from the cost perspective despite the fact that cost concerns are known to impinge on the availability, affordability, and accessibility of healthy food for students not only in Australia but also globally (Wong et al 2011, p. 11). The present study seeks to fill these two gaps in the literature. According to one particular study, undernourished school-going children “…have been shown to have decreased attendance, attention, and academic performance, as well as experience more health problems compared to well-nourished children” (Florence et al 2008, p. 210). More resoundingly, preventive supplementation studies suggest a causal relationship between iron-anemia in early childhood on the one hand and poor cognition, late school enrolment, classroom behavioral challenges, poor school achievement, and increased drop-out rates from school on the other hand (Grantham-McGregor & Olney 2006, p. 105). But while these studies may post conclusive results on school-going children (Pollitt, Gersovitz & Gargiulo 197
Introduction The business industry is one of those that undergo considerable changes very often. There are a number of educative and informative literary sources that help to comprehend what steps have to be taken to achieve the necessary success and not to lose leading positions which have been already achieved. In this paper, two books of different writers about management philosophy and working principles will be analyzed. The first book is the work by Jeffrey Liker The Toyota Way that described 14 main principles adopted by the Toyota’s corporation in order to improve numerous business processes. The second book is written by Jim Collins; his Good to Great is a unique collection of the companies which have already gained recognition and the six concepts which have their own characteristics and impacts on the development of the organization. These two books represent different visions on the same issues which aim at improving the world of business and developing companies to the necessary levels. There are several similarities and differences of the ideas offered by Liker and Collins, and a thorough analysis of these points should help to define what steps are the most powerf
Introduction A greater focus on renewable energy development is necessary in this day and age due to the various problems brought about by the use of fossil fueled power plants, which have caused not only an increase in the amount of pollution in the air, but have also brought adverse climate change as well as an increase in the amount of people with respiratory illnesses (Mandal, Habib, Zhang, Mukherjee & Tornatore 2013). Based on this, the paper will delve into the effects of fossil fuels, the necessity of renewable energy resources in mitigating such a problem and the current attitudes and support towards “green energy” production. Weather The problem with using fossil fuel burning power plants as the primary method of energy production within a country is the impact it has on the weather. It must be noted that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere actually causes heat to be trapped within the Earth’s atmosphere, which has lead to stronger storms and droughts around the world. This has the potential to cause various problems, which can be seen in the case of South East Asia and the U.S. which have experienced an increase in the amount and strength of storms in their areas (Shi, Du, Yang, Tang, Fan, Zhang, Lu, Ge & Chang 2013). Figure. 1 Carbon Emissions Data Waste Management In figure 2, an examination of the current amount of carbon emissions into the atmosphere by 2010 reveals that 25,000 metric tons of carbon emission gas were released by various sources into the atmosphere by the city of Beijing alone. This number is a combination of both emissions from motor vehicles as well as those coming from fossil fuel burning power plants (Qi, Zhang & Karplus 2014). Climate Change Studies such as those by Simsek & Simsek have stated that not only have these emi