ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction One of the most rewarding job opportunity is the chance to shape and develop young minds. A primary school teacher is a positive influence in the lives of students. By creating an environment conducive to learning and the development of social skills, a teacher can inspire students to learn. An effective teacher is someone who can make the students believe that learning is a lifelong process – one that should be exciting and challenging. In this manner students will be motivated to reach their fullest potential both within and outside the classroom walls. But before they can reach their full potential a teacher must make sure that the school is well-suited for the rigours of learning and development. This is because students are not only in school to learn but also to socialise and develop their social skills. It is therefore important for the teachers to ensure the safety and welfare of the students whilst they are within the school premises and involved in a school activity. Rationale Western Australia’s Department of Education is well-aware of the need to make the schools under their jurisdiction safe and conducive to learning. In this regard government officials from the said department drafted a policy statement entitled Duty of Care for Students . The core value of the said policy statement can be summarized through the following declarations: “Teaching staff owe a duty to take reasonable care for the safety and welfare of students whilst students are involved in school activities or are present for the purposes of a school activity” (Department of Education, Western Australia, 2011, p.1). The second part of the phrase can be interpreted to mean that even if a student is not doing anything – whether that person is resting or in the waiting area – and yet the period of inactivity was spent in preparation for a school activity then the teachers and school officials are still responsible for that particular student’s safety and welfare. In other words when the students are already outside the school’s premises, heading home it is no longer the teacher’s responsibility tot take care of them Policy Issues At first glance it seems to require a great deal of time and energy from the teachers. It also seems to cover a large area of responsibility that one has to wonder if the teachers are able to comply without reservations. However, if one will closely examine the statement it can be argued that Western Australia’s Department of Education created boundaries and limitation in order to ensure that the teachers will not be overburdened when it comes to this issue. Furthermore, it is important to focus on a key phrase in the policy that says “involved in school activities or are present for the purposes of a school activity” (Department of Education, Western Australia, 2011, p.1). This provides a limitation to the teacher’s responsibility. They are
According to the business dictionary, “Derived demand is used to refer to a situation where demand for a certain product or service occurs as a result rising demand of another product or service.” In most practical situations, it occurs when one product or service depends on another for production. For instance, demand for bread leads to derived demand for wheat, because wheat must be produced for bread to be made. Economists would conclude that, “As demand for bread increases, so does its price.” The same is translated to an increase in the price of wheat used to make bread. Another scenario that can be used to illustrate derived demand is the transport sector. People are always engaged in transport activities not because they enjoy travelling, but because they are going to be involved in other consumption activities at some place. Economists state that, “Derived demand applies to consumers and producers.” Employees are hired in companies not because they are wanted, but to use their skills for productivity purposes. This implies that employers have a derived demand for employees. Another example is a case of a farmer in demand of manure. They need it to enhance production of crops, which is the main source of livelihood. Therefore, for his own livelihood, he demands manure. It is therefore the derived demand of manure to enhance crop production. Derived demand is used to factor in all factors of production in an economy. It creates a clear picture of how producers consider several factors in determining prices of commodities by factoring in costs of production, transport and demand by consumers. A question that is most commonly asked by people is, why does the demand of a final product increase the demand of factors of production? That is, how does adjustment in price of a product affect the overall demand? If for instance, the demand for umbrellas in the demand curve shifts to the right, while the supply curve remains constant, then a balanced price and quantity of umbrellas in the market would trade at a higher price which might also lead to increased production of umbrellas for sale to people. As a result of an increase in price, profits gained by producers per unit of umbrellas would increase, which would appeal to them to manufacture more umbrellas until the cost of production rises to surpass the cost of production of the last umbrella in order to be equivalent to the new price. In future, when I set up my
Introduction Communication is a very important aspect for any human beings. There are numerous ways that communication takes place. The use of language is the major avenue of communication for any society. People communicate differently because of factors such as the cultural affiliation whereby they acquire skills on how to use the language together with the rules that govern the usage of that particular language. The rules of language usage may vary from one culture to another. It is therefore imperative for one to understand other people’s culture and how they vary from their own culture in order for effective and efficient communication to take place and also to avoid misunderstanding and miscommunication. During cross cultural communication, one should bear in mind that there are possibilities that some problems may arise and should be willing to patiently handle such problems without making other further complications to arise. This is a deliberate decision that one has to make, with the knowledge that despite trying to solve issues that may arise, a solution is not always guaranteed and therefore, one may need to make adjustments on their preconceived beliefs. Issues in cross cultural communication When communicating with people from a different cultural group, certain problems may be encountered. It is easier for one to communicate with a person from the same locality and who shares the same cultural knowledge than with a person who has no knowledge of the local culture. It is even harder if both people trying to communicate do not have sufficient knowledge of each other’s culture which entails important aspects like the beliefs of the people and other forms of non verbal communication which are used for effective communication to take place. It is so easy for one to rightly foresee what the other person response will be in a situation where two people from the same culture are communicating but it is not so when it comes to people from two different cultures. When communicating with
Today’s world is characterized by its rapid technological development, and new advancements permeate most spheres of human activity. The business environment is not an exception, as firms seek to maximize their value through the implementation of high-tech solutions. In this context, computer-aided design (CAD), augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) hold particular significance. These technologies are implemented across various contexts and industries, but, according to Thies et al., they become especially instrumental in training (1). Through the use of computing, these knowledge work systems enhance the capacity of a firm, making it more efficient and productive. More specifically, the nexus between human expertise and computer efficacy enables quick and precise calculations and forecasts. Firms’ specialists economize their time and expenditures, as the digital environment allows them to validate concepts and designs prior to further work. Among the three discussed tools, CAD has been well-established in the business environment for the longest period. In fact, most people engaged in the sphere can be expected to have had certain experiences with this technology. It is indispensable for efficient engineering solutions that require precise designs, meaning that it is used in most practical situations. AR is another major component of contemporary professional training, as it contributes to the better visual representation of ideas. Specialists can encounter the projected tasks and challenges in a safer training environment, which prepares them for practice. As suggested by the personal experience, AR enables a more profound understanding of new prototypes as their physical properties are complemented by digital visuals. From my perspective, AR is the leading tool in today’s corporate environment. On the other hand, VR is not as developed within the professional community yet. My experience with it remains limited, and the technology itself is associated with leisure. Nevertheless, as it becomes more widespread, it is likely to introduce an entirely new level of efficiency for firms’ training. Ultimately, organizations will be able to simulate an environment with any properties, enabling an unprecedented degree of preparedness. In my opinion, next-generation VR is the most promising avenue in terms of knowledge work system development. Reference Thies, Lucas et al. “Compiling VR/AR Trainings from Business Process Models.” 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), 10-18 Oct. 2019, Beijing, China , IEEE, 2020.
Sports is a part of the human culture, which means that sports can be regarded as the reflection of the society. It is possible to note that sports world is associated with controversies related to race, gender and sexuality. Researchers claim that the modern sports can be characterized by such notions as discrimination as well as white and masculine dominance (Knijnik, 2015). Importantly, the world is evolving so does the sports community. The aspects mentioned above have shaped the society, but it is still premature to state that race, gender, and sexuality issues have been resolved or can be resolved in the nearest future. As has been mentioned above the central features of the contemporary sport are white and masculine domination. Elsey (2014) stresses that such sports as football are still associated with strong masculine players (or rather machos). This trend is specifically prevailing in some countries. For instance, Argentinian football fans do not find Messi or Ronaldo good enough due to these players’ unconventional behavior as they do not try to prove their masculinity in the way other players do (Elsey, 2014). Furthermore, issues associated with sexuality are still tabooed in many kinds of sports. Butterworth (2006) emphasizes that gay players in baseball have to silent their identities to remain in the game as people (fans, directors, and so on) still see the game as the manifestation of masculinity. More so, the division between the feminine and masculine is still very strong in the USA and in the global arena. Pieper (2012) sheds light on the way the life of Renée Richards, a male-to-female transsexual, is an illustration of the way gender distinction is centr
Problem Statement There are two types of immigrants; illegal immigrants and legal immigrants, in 2008 illegal immigrants who comprise approximately 70% of all immigrants were estimated to have reached 11 million peoples by the U.S immigration department. In most other developed countries the challenges posed by immigrants in general goes beyond the issue of their legal status and include social factors such as poverty and lack of jobs. The purpose of this research study is to investigate immigrant’s poverty in general by identifying its root causes, impacts to society and possible solutions to the problem. Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis (H1) The level of poverty is significantly higher among immigrants than in general population, or Immigrant’s poverty is the root cause of social factors within their families and in society as well. Null Hypothesis (H0) – The poverty levels among immigrants is the same as in general population. Objectives  1. To determine if poverty levels are significantly higher among immigrants than in general citizens.  2. To determine if poverty is the leading cause of various social problems within immigrant’s families compared to non-immigrant families.  3. Identify major factors that are responsible for immigrant’s poverty.  4. Impact of immigrants poverty to the individual, the family and to the society  5. Identify solutions that would address the problem of immigrant’s poverty. Having determined the problem statement, hyp
Think of some advertisements which deliberately seek to make demand less elastic. To make demand more elastic, organizations tend to promote and advertise their brand as the main one in the industry. They make the targeted audience consider that there is no other company that can produce a product that cannot be changed by any other items available on the market. It seems that this organization tries to turn into a monopoly in the eyes of the general public because monopolies are the only businesses that produce inelastic demands. It is rather difficult to recollect some advertisement that was maintained by a monopoly, but different organizations tend to make their demand as inelastic as possible so that customers refer to their offerings anyway. For example, Sky Sports tend to be among the most popular networks that provide its customers with the opportunity to watch a wide range of dominant premium sports in high quality. The range of offerings that are offered by this organization is so broad and efficient that no other network can substitute it. That is why sports fans are likely to agree to pay more if the company decided to make its product more expensive and increases premiership pay per view, for example. A similar thing can be said about Coca-Cola. Even though it is in constant competition with Pepsi, the representatives of the general public for many years already associate Christmas holidays with Coca-Cola advertisements. They remain loyal regardless of other offerings and always choose Coca-Cola’s product. In this way, the company strongly promotes its brand. Its clients believe that no other product can substitute this one even though there are some similar items in the market. Imagine that “Sunshine” sunflower margarine, a well-known brand, is advertised with the slogan, “It helps you live longer.” What do you think would happen to the demand curve for a supermarket’s brand of sunflower margarine? Consider both the direction of shift and the effect on elasticity. Will the elasticity differ markedly at different prices? How will this affect the pricing policy and sales of the supermarket’s brand? The appropriate advertisement is significant not only for start-ups and their new products but also for well-known brands that are willing to improve their performance and take a position among the leaders of the market. Using a slogan that appeals to the representatives of the general public and the targeted audience, in particular, can make a great step forward. Considering this information, it may be stated that the success of “Sunshine” can be determined only when the organization starts operating. Before such action is maintained, the outcome of the implementation of the new promotion strategy can be discussed considering the company’s targeted market and its characteristics. These variables a
Introduction UNESCO is an organization whose main aim is to promote peace and security throughout the whole world. UNESCO advocates for the collaboration of nations through education, science and culture to achieve its goals. The organization aspires to achieve universal respect for justice, the rule of law, human rights, and freedom for all the communities in the world. It serves all people in spite of race, sex, language and religion. UNESCO has always worked to promote peace among communities through International corporations and education 1 . Educators who work with UNESCO generate inspiring ideas and propositions that are concerned with the education of young people for international understanding. Intercultural communication has always been a challenge to many cultures in the world. UNESCO advocates for well-developed relationships among cultures, through online communication. Different cultures can communicate online and involve in building learning communities. Individuals from different communities can communicate online and are able to establish honesty by exchanging information. Culture is a historical pattern that is transmitted through actions and is inherited by people of a particular community. 2 Culture is a way of life of people in a society, it describes how people communicate, carry out activities and develop their knowledge on attitudes towards life. The associated schools’ project network (ASPNET) ASPNET is a project that was started by UNESCO in 1953. Currently, there are about 7793 institutions that participate in the project at all levels of education in 175 countries of the world. UNESCO initiated the ASPNET project in order to enhance peace in the minds of people. The project was established to promote education for international understanding, peace and human rights. This project prepares children and the youth to encounter the challenges that face humanity especially within the context of natural resources 3 . The purpose of UNESCO for starting ASPNET was to contribute to peace and security. This would be achieved by promoting the collaboration of nations through education, science and culture. UNESCO has participated more in promoting peace and international cooperation through education. ASPNET conducts pilot projects which are aimed at preparing children and youth
Tortilla Soup, an American romantic comedy shot by the director Maria Ripoll, is the story of one family, in which an elderly father-chef and his three grown up daughters are going to the kitchen to take part in Mexican meal and discuss their problems. In this connection, the paper aims at the identification of three characters, namely, Leticia, Carmen, and Maribel applying psychosocial and lifespan developmental theories to determine their psychosocial crises. Leticia The eldest of the daughters is Leticia. She teaches chemistry at the high school and cannot make clear her views neither about religious beliefs nor about men. Leticia suppresses her feelings and lives alone. In order to become a Christian, she rejected Catholicism. At the same time, she realizes that she is attracted by Orlando, a coach of a baseball team, who sends her love letters. However, it is found then that the letters were sent by her student. According to the Twelve Stages of the Human Life Cycle by Armstrong, Leticia is in a midlife contemplation crisis (Fingerman, Berg, Smith, & Antonucci, 2011). By this time, a person has a lot to catch: to settle down, to enjoy a free life, start a family, and to find a high-paying job. Leticia’s soul asks to love truly and be loved, asks for purity of heart and purity of relationships. The elder daughter questions God, religion, and the meaning of life. Suddenly she realizes how narrow her horizons and how many interesting things she did not know and had missed. In this connection, as a councelor, I note the problem of the midlife crisis. She feels a deep nostalgia for the real life and dissatisfaction. Speaking of the developmental tasks, it seems important to mention the following ones:   * Choosing a partner;   * Establishing a family;   * Managing a home   * Establishing a career (Fingerman et al., 2011). In my point of view, through the development of the above tasks, Leticia would overcome the crisis. According to Erikson’s Stages of Development, the woman suffers from the Intimacy versus Isolation crisis (Greene & Kropf, 2009). The lifespan of Leticia supposes proximity with others. Under the concept of proximity, Erickson understands not only physical intimacy but also the ability to care about the other person and to share everything without fear of losing himself. Proximity might be understood as self-identification – success or failure at this stage does not depend directly on the parents but only on how well a person has passed the previous stages. Consequently, Leticia’s social conditions can facilitate or impede the achievement of intimacy. This concept is not necessarily linked to the sexual desire but also to friendship (Greene & Kropf, 2009). Leticia’s psychosocial crisis, if one considers it from the point of view of evaluation, contains both positive and negative components. If the conflict is resolved satisfactorily, in other words, in the case the ego enriches new positive qualities, then it incorporates a new positive component (
Introduction Multiple industrial operations involve processes that pose many dangers to workers. In the course of performing their duties, industrial workers meet both immediate and non-immediate hazards. Industrial hazards can result from air poisoning, electrical shocks, moving components such as conveyor belts, as well as exposure to radiation. Welding processes present multiple sources of hazards to workers; hence, a need to enforce mitigating measures. Apart from enforcing high safety standards as recommended by regulating organizations, workers need to understand the level of hazards they face in the course of their duties. This paper reviews safety hazards resulting from confined spaces and poisonous gases during welding processes (Asfahl et al., 2004). Confined Spaces Many industrial processes need workers to work in confined spaces. A confined is an enclosed area with unique characteristics (potentially hazardous), which isolate it from the wider environment (Asfahl et al., 2004). One of the characteristics that define a confined space includes a limitation to the entry and exit of a worker (Asfahl et al., 2004). Confined spaces allow workers to do hazardous tasks requiring a unique workstation; hence, a need to limit the residence of workers there. Examples of enclosed spaces include silos, tanks and boilers (Asfahl et al., 2004). Common dangers that a worker can meet in a welding enclosed space include electric shocks, poor ventilation, poisonous gases, and carcinogenic substances. One of the substances responsible for a hazardous environment in a permit-required workstation includes flammable gases that are more than 10% of their Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) (Asfahl et al., 2004). An environment containing substances, materials, or components that can engulf workers qualifies automatically as a permit-required enclosed area (Asfahl et al., 2004). Liquid materials could harm/kill a worker through respiratory poisoning, by creating slippery surfaces, or by exerting great force on the body of a worker. On the other hand, solid materials can cause great harm to a worker by exerting damaging force on a person’s body, by trapping a worker, or even by crushing a worker. Permit-required enclosed spaces present varying thresholds of immediate threats; hence, their grouping into various scales depending on the immediate threat they pose. Some of these areas contain heavy machinery objects, which can cause immediate harm to a worker. The American Welding Society (AWS) strives to protect the safety of workers through a manual of useful rules. In their textbook presentation, Asfahl et al. explore multiple guidelines that can mitigate hazards present at engineering workstations. It is noteworthy to note that one can develop a wider understanding of safety procedures at engineering workstations by studying both recommendations. Since Asfahl et al. focus on the wider engineering profession, their study is more de