ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Gossip is unethical behavior based on the various approaches in evaluating what is ethical and what is not ethical. According to the rights approach in evaluating ethical cases, ethical actions should respect and protect moral rights of other people. This view stresses that people have dignity based on their nature or their ability to decide freely what they do with themselves and their lives. The moral right to make one’s own choices and decisions about a lifestyle, truth, harm, some privacy are essential elements of ethics that persons have rights to possess and know. This is a case of individual respecting others rights and choices. Paige should respect choices Cheyenne makes as a person who has rights to her life. The gossips spreading through facebook comments are nasty, causing harm, and further invading privacy of Cheyenne. Utilitarian approach to ethics posits that ethical actions should produce greatest good and least harm to the party concerned i.e. produces greatest right over harm. Paige reacts to Cheyenne behavior not knowing of consequences her friends will post on facebook. Such comments increased the injuries caused to Cheyenne’s character and personality. Gossip serves to increase the amount of harm caused. For the common benefit of everyone, the University should act as an arbitrator in settling the emerging problems in its community (Velasquez and Moberg, 2010). Ethical model or decision-making approach The framework for ethical decision-making requires that we recognize an ethical issue as the initial step. The issue under focus is Facebook gossip or cyber-bullying, which is damaging the character of Cheyenne, which to some extent can result into a legal case. Laying down facts is the second element of ethical decision-making approach. Cheyenne is a party girl and likes to sleep. Paige posts what she has observed on her facebook. Ivy reacts to the facebook post in her own view by posting her radical comments. Tara confronts Paige about cyber-bullying Cheyenne. However, Tara has not consulted all the relevant groups. She has chosen the creative approach of talking about the issue with Paige. Another significant element is to evaluate the alternative actions. We shall base the alternative options on the utilitarian approach, which aims to give the greatest good and eliminate harm. Facebook gossip is harming the reputation of Cheyenne. The best option to Paige is to apologize publicly and withdraw her comments. At the same time, Cheyenne should get advice about partying and its consequence. The rights approach requires Paige to leave Cheyenne live her life as she chooses. In consideration of all the approaches, the utilitarian approach is the best solution since it will produce common good to all parties. Paige will know the dangers of gossiping and Cheyenne will learn to take her studies seriously and desist from partying. The final stage is to act and reflect the outcome of the choice made. The arbitrator (Tara) must reflect how her approach to talk about the issue with Paige will affect her and Ivy.
Introduction Drug abuse, also referred to as substance abuse is a continuous and adaptive habit of using a substance that is considered independent. The act of abusing drug also involves the dependence on performance enhancing drugs, which are non-therapeutic or even non-medical. Alcohol, cocaine and methaqualone are some of the commonly known drugs that are often abused in this way. Drug abuse is negatively affecting so many young people in our society. It’s therefore in this paper that I point out some of the challenges that young people face in regards to drug abuse. Psychological effects of Drugs Drugs are known to have some detrimental effects on the health of the users. I am therefore going to discuss some of this effects that come in different forms. Substances like alcohol are known to combine with some other factors in the body to change one’s emotions and modes. An individual may report a given psychological effect at a certain BAC and at the same time report another different effect at the same BAC but at a different occasion (Maisto 208). The influences of factors that are not related to drugs play the major role in this situation. In particular, the situational and the cognitive factors define expectancies and attitudes of the alcohol abusers. It is evident among drinkers that, when the BACs are low they develop a feeling of elation and when it rises, a feeling of friendliness begins to develop. When the levels start going down they begin to develop a feeling of anger and fatigue. An individual’s thinking and perceptions are less influenced by factors that are not associated with drugs but more by the BACs. Alcohol is known to impair short term memory at certain level of BACs and therefore an individual’s ability to estimate time is also impaired. Attention, concentration and ability to estimate time is also
Family homelessness is a vital issue in the United States, as it is created by the combination of internal and external factors. Some of them include lack of affordability on a housing market, poverty, poor state support, domestic violence, and more. However, this issue is not purely economic, but also medical, as people are more vulnerable and are struggling to get appropriate treatment. Thus, nursing, as an essential part of the care system needs to ensure quality support for the most in need. Overall, studying three recent academic articles addressing the issue of homeless families can provide a better comprehension of how they can be treated in nursing practice. The study by Cronely et al. (2019) explored the lives of individuals belonging to homeless families. These units defined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) as an entity that includes one or more adults and at least one child that is under 18 years of age (Cronley et al., 2019). Moreover, these individuals experience the following circumstances: living in a place not appropriate for the human environment, such as shelter, transitional housing, or a prison (Cronley et al., 2019). Additionally, these people might be losing their primary residence within two weeks and cannot afford to keep the housing (Cronley et al., 2019). Lastly, a family’s current house is temporary and unstable, or individuals are fleeing from domestic violence and cannot obtain another residency (Cronley et al., 2019). Statistically, in 2018, individuals under 18 years of age create about a third part of an entire homeless population in the country (Cronley et al., 2019). Moreover, the research suggests that the numbers are equally high within children and teenagers that experience living in a homeless family across all cities and states. Moreover, the article explores the contemporary data associated with homeless families. In Los Angeles, the number of under-aged individuals experiencing homelessness is about 5000 (Cronley et al., 2019). Furthermore, in a metropolis like Seattle, children and adolescents represent 22% of the overall homeless population (Cronley et al., 2019). However, the statistics are incomplete, as most homeless shelter providers do not accurately differentiate between children before 12 and teenagers, as it is not required from HUD. Overall, adolescence is a necessary period of human development, both physically and socially (Cronley et al., 2019). Besides, a body is experiencing essential changes of puberty and the time of socialization is particularly intense. Therefore, the inconveniences and stress related to homelessness can negatively influence children and teenagers during the vital developmental stage by “affecting the neurobiological structure of the developing brain as it relates to metabolism and social functioning” (Cronley et al., 2019, p. 132). Overall, individuals under 18 that live in homeless shelters are more likely to experience a health-related problem than children r
Introduction The relationship of mothers and their daughters has been brought out in many literary works by many authors. Feminist themes have been popular with authors because they are of high demand and they talk about the issues that affect women and try to bring these issues to the people concerned. Jean Rhys and Charlotte Bronte are among the many authors that have brought out a feminist theme in their books. They have brought about the nature of the relationship between mothers and their daughters, the challenges that they go through and how they overcome these challenges. The two works by the authors are related in that one work is the rewrite of another or almost the duplicate of another and therefore almost all the themes are the same in both books Thesis This paper critically examines the nature of the relationship between women and their daughters in the works of Jean Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea and the works of Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre. It compares the relationships in the two books and brings out the similarities and the differences. It also examines the way the two authors have brought out the mother characters and the daughter characters About the authors Jean Rhys is an author from the 20 th century who was born in Dominica. Her birth name was Ella Gwendolen Rees Williams. She schooled in a convent school and later on in a girls school in England. She was criticized in the girls’ school and that could have formed the basis of the feminist themes in her works. She moved quit a lot in different towns and cities and had a lot of struggles especially after her dad died. She had trouble getting her first novel published and therefore she had to pause nude for a Britain based novelist to get funds to publish her novel. Jean started her writing career by writing short stories under the supervision of an English writer called Ford Madox Ford. Ford stated that her viewpoint and her themes were fueled by her outsider status. Jean wrote many novels with feminist views and themes Charlotte Bronte was born of an Irishman called Patrick Bronte. She was from a big family of six children where two elder ones died early. The remaining four were home schooled and therefore they developed a strong bond with each other. This bond led them to engage in artistic works together which included poetry, tales and a lot of fantasy stories. Charlottes writing career started almost immediately after her mother died and it was fueled by her two sisters because they mostly used to write together. After their aunt died, they had finished their first novels. Charlotte’s first novel which was called professor was not published. Her first novel to be published was Jane Eyre which she wrote immediately after her first novel. Jane Eyre was the breakthrough of Charlotte’s writing career because it was very successful and got so much attention from publishers and the literary community. Charlotte’s works was not only admired but also criticized.
Suicide has become a great menace in many countries such as the United States. Health facilities in different regions have recorded an increase in suicide rates among young people. Various aspects have been associated with suicide among the youth. Health care providers have also been encouraged to focus on risk factors when performing adolescent health history. Some of the aspects are physical and sexual abuse, family history of suicide, and previous suicide attempts. Physical and sexual abuse is one of the risk factors since it affects the self-esteem of the victim. Moreover, people who experience sexual abuse are likely to develop poor mental health, such as depression, which may lead to suicide (Ng et al., 2018). Thus, health care providers should ensure that such individuals undergo therapy sessions to change their thinking patterns and avoid suicide. A family history of suicide can increase the probability of a person committing suicide. People from households with cases of completed suicide are at increased risk of committing suicide to emulate their members. Moreover, a family history of suicide can lead to other family members’ mental health complications, leading to increased chances of another member committing suicide (Miller & Black, 2020). Consequently, health care providers should encourage such adolescents to engage in activities that can improve their mental health and avoid being idle. For instance, medical practitioners can encourage them to engage in sports and other activities such as dancing and gaming. A previous suicide attempt is another significant risk factor among adolescents. In most cases, people who have a failed suicide attempt are
Don Quixote ultimately believes in the ideals of a bygone era – that of chivalry, knighthood, and honour. He thus insulates himself from the realities of his present world, choosing to believe in magic; imaginary knighthood quests for undiscovered kingdoms and even mistakes of windmills for giants that want to do battle with him. However, Don Quixote’s knight-errant, Sancho Panza, has a more realistic approach to the world and life, and acts as Don Quixote’s voice of reason and has a stabilising effect on the maniacal Quixote. Don Quixote’s view of life is heavily influenced by chivalric romances. Due to this predisposition, his actions and his general perception of life is far removed from reality. For instance, after his books are spirited way and burned because of concern by his relatives and associates that the books were driving him to insanity, he quickly believes the explanation by the housekeeper and his niece that the books were taken away by a magician (as per the housekeeper’s explanation). His niece, on the other hand, tells him that the devil was the one that took away his books, and he accepts such outrageous claims (De Cervantes Chapt. 7 Par. 8). Don Quixote, due to his belief in the chivalrous mission he has set for himself, goes further than accepting these obviously false explanations. He holds that the alleged magician-devil was his well-known adversary (he even gives him the name ‘Friston’) whom he desired to fend off in his deluded quest for knighthood glory. Additionally, Don Qu
Introduction Mona Lisa Smile is a film based in New England in the 1950s. The movie title references the famous art by Leonardo Da Vinci called Mona Lisa . The film is a drama about a teacher who travels to teach students in New England in a school called Wellesley. Throughout the film, there are references to social issues that affect women being addressed. The director uses art to present the way women’s role in society had been viewed in the 50s in America. Society at that time was largely patriarchal and women were seen as helpers. The main character, Katherine Watson, finds it hard to believe that women could accept to drop their ambitions in favor of getting married. Mona Lisa Smile criticizes the traditional views about women role only being mothers and wives and concludes that women have the right to make their own choices. Plot Summary The setting of the movie is 1953, first in California than in New England where the school is based. Katherine applies for a job to teach art history at a school called Wellesley and is called for an interview. The school is prestigious and the students are well informed about traditional art history. Amanda, a nurse at the school for 21 years, tells Katherine that the students can be intimidating if they sense fear ( Mona Lisa Smile 5:42-5:46). The teacher realized that she had to use different methods to teach the students. Katherine centered her art class on three questions: what is art? Is art good or bad? what criteria can be used to decide these questions? Wellesley school was more interested in ensuring that students understood their role either as a husband or a wife. Girls were taught that the only grade that matters is the one a husband gives for the performance of a wife and mother. Ironically, the teacher who taught the ladies how to poise and elocute was insecure and lonely. Ultimately, the ladies realized what Katherine was teaching them and finally started making their own choices. In the end, Katherine is surprised by the impact she had on the women in her class. Social Issue addressed by Mona Lisa Smile The film addresses the issue of women’s role in society. In the 1950s many people believed that women’s position was as mothers and wives. Society at that time was patriarchal and the director of the movie wanted to illustrate how most the women were forced to stop their careers and get married (Fatmawati). In the first 20 minutes of the movie the director presented the way diff
Maternal death has been a critical aspect to consider for a plethora of governments, as well as international organizations, for decades. However, due to a number of historical factors, crucial measures to get away from the phenomenon were formulated and set at the end of the 20th century. There has been visible progress within the scope of achieving significant results in reducing maternal mortality globally since the mentioned period. Nevertheless, several issues remain unsolved, such as present inequity and inequality in preventable maternal death – they are to be overcome. It seems reasonable to claim that authorities and international organizations have the necessary resources and capacity to resolve the problem. Hence, in the framework of the international governance lens, discussions on the alienation of global inequity within the prevention of maternal deaths are relevant and reasonable to provide. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Millennium Declaration defined fundamental values that are vital to establishing appropriate international relationships. The Millennium Development Goals provided concrete aims to realize these values globally by 2015 ( UN documentation , no date). The fifth goal is to improve maternal health, which, apparently, includes maternal mortality reduction. Such an approach shows that countries and the UN demonstrate a solid dedication to handling the issue. WHO defines maternal death as “the death of a woman whilst pregnant or within 42 days of delivery or termination of pregnancy, from any cause related to, or aggravated by pregnancy or its management, but excluding deaths from incidental or accidental causes” (WHO, no date, para. 2). A considerable range of factors, starting from adverse health conditions and ending with insufficient governmental policies, might lead to the lethal outcome. After setting the fifth goal, there have been several notable achievements regarding maternal mortality reduction. WHO (2019b, para. 1) states, “between 2000 and 2017, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR, number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) dropped by about 38% worldwide”. The world has been facing this decline since 1990; most of the reduction took place after 2000 – the year when the Millennium Goals were accepted ( The Millennium , 2015, p. 38). Such a positive shift confirms that an effective policy may contribute to reducing maternal mortality. Roos and Xylander (2016) claim that most of these deaths are preventable if sufficient antenatal and delivery care is provided. Moreover, international actors tend to attract attention to the problem with numerous initiatives, conferences, and publications. Nevertheless, a number of substantial challenges are still occurring worldwide. The primary issue refers to global inequality in preventable maternal deaths. WHO (2019a, para. 3) notices that the latter take pl
Introduction The essay is an in-depth critical examination-a quantitative critique of an article (e-Journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership) titled “Managing Organizational Change: Leadership, Tesco and Leahy’s Resignation” written by Nwagbara Uzoechi published in fall 2010. It has been noted with concern that it is important for researchers and scholars to be capable to critically analyze studies done by others (Beth par. 1). This is one way of learning regarding research works for them to be able to better their knowledge on the same. However, this does not always mean finding flaws in research articles but also to bring forth areas strongly addressed by the author. The problem The problem that initiated the research revolves around the resignation of Tesco’s CEO Sir Terry Leahy and the change brought about by the resignation. Throughout the article, the author has pointed out that leadership, as well as management, is responsible for the well being of an organization and change is the only constant aspect within any organization. In the wake of such leadership change from Terry to Clarke Philip, there is a need to manage the anticipated change process so that it is a smooth process come March 2011. In the same line evaluating leadership styles of the retiring CEO is of importance. Similarly, the article sought to bring to light the dynamics of the transitional power structure within Tesco and how customers, as well as subordinates of the organization, react in respect to the process of change and transition (Nwagbara 1). The problem is introduced in the third paragraph but adequately covered in the paragraphs and articulated with existing literature. The significance of the problem is adequately described in subsequent paragraphs. The researcher posits that once the although the two individuals have worked together
Introduction Organizations are comprised of various departments with different functions but the same objective. Thus, leaders need to understand how each system is related to another to establish a way of maximizing the contribution of each segment and enhancing the performance of the business. The management should have theoretical knowledge of the systems to predict the possible impact of their current input. The rational forecasting needs theoretical knowledge as it builds knowledge through procedural revisions and extension of the framework based on comparing the future expectations with recent observation. The objective of this paper is to discuss Deming’s model concerning how it can be applied in today’s enterprises in creating and adapting to change. Brief Background of Deming William Edwards Deming was an academician who specialized in Mathematics, Physics and Statistics. Deming gained popularity after the Second World War when he was requested by Japan to assist them in rebuilding their economy by teaching statistical methods. At the age of 80 years, Deming returned to the United States and was featured as the main protagonist in a documentary. The title of the film was If Japan Can…Why Can’t We? This further escalated his fame, and he received many seminar invitations where he taught people about the basic tenets of quality in an organization. His work as a consultant and belief that there should be joy at work earned him the title, father of Quality Management Movement. Inspiring business to apply his principles and realize positive transformation became his ultimate function up to the time of his death. Background on Deming’s Systems Management Model Deming’s model of System thinking approach to management is based on his portrayal of an organization as a set of related and interconnected components that function together to accomplish the same aim. The firm needs to have a shared vision which is the capacity to regard a shared image of the future that the people desire to create. One of the beliefs that Deming held is that a system cannot manage itself; hence the leaders should guide the company through system thinking. In addition, the managers should be aware of incremental threat to avoid falling into blind sport, which emanates from failure to distinguish special and common causes of variation. Organizational managers should understand the interaction between the people in an organization and the environment. The system is a representation of synergy formed collectively by the team of workers and can therefore not be achieved by a single employee. Thus, everyone should share the unifying purpose and remain consistent in owni