ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act help the United States improve its ability to prevent, be prepared for, and respond to bioterrorism and other health emergencies. According to Combs (2003), there are three facets of security, namely, physical, personnel, and operational. The paper discusses the facets of security, as well as the corresponding provisions. The three facets of security identified by Combs There are three facets of the security system (Combs, 2003). The first one involves physical security as part of a security system. This process ensures that the intended target is under surveillance and, therefore, a terrorist attack will be deterred. A good example here is enhancing security along the country borders to prevent terrorists from entering the country (Combs, 2003). The second facet entails operational security. This means that the security system protects the reliability of all the facilities and activities, thereby denying terrorists any sort of opportunity to collect relevant information that may be of use in a terrorist attack. A good example of this facet is protecting certain facilities that may be of interest to terrorists, such as transport systems and communication lines. This blocks access to the targeted areas (Combs, 2003). The third facet is about personnel security, which means that the security system should provide quality and timely training for personnel in order to provide full information on responsibilities and possible risks. Health care training are part and parcel of this facet. (Combs, 2003). Six provisions contained in the Act that correspond to the facets of security discussed by Combs There are six provisions related to the security facets mentioned in the Act. Education and training of health care personnel are one of them. The Act obliges the secretariat together with professional organizations and interagency groups to offer grants to health officials who will be responsible for writing the teaching materials for health emergency personnel as well as the materials for bio-weapons identification. Trained personnel will take care of vulnerable and special groups, as well as of victims of public health emergencies. In addition, the provision encourages development of educational materials for communities to respond to bioterrorism in efficient way (Combs, 2003). National pharmaceutical stockpile is another provision. This provision obliges to maintain supplies of medical devices, vaccines and drugs. This helps in meeting the country’s health security necessities after a bioterrorist attack or a health emergency (Combs, 2003). Grants to address the health professional shortages are one of the provisions. This involves establishment of grant programs that provide finances for trainin
This thesis tries to analyze the role of religion in the political, educational and social systems in the republic of Iran before and after the revolution. The paper elaborates the changes that took place in the three sectors during the reformation period. The paper also touches on the role of women in the Iranian politics and how they brought changes to the country’s leadership and how they also fought for their rights in the society. Introduction Iran was not officially occupied by colonialists including the British and the Russians; these colonial powers only applied pressure on the leadership of Iran just a few years before and after the twentieth century. The country was being ruled by a ruler from the family of Qajar. The Persian constitutional insurgency which happened in between 1905 and 1921 led to removal of the weaker Qajar powers. Reza Shah Pahlavi took control of the country from them. During the World War II, the Soviet Union together with the United Kingdom invaded Iran forcing the Shah to surrender the leadership to his son; Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The first prime minister was elected in 1951. When the United Kingdom came, the central intelligence agency organized takeover against Mosssadegh and this led to Mohammad Pahlavi being recalled as the president, in 1953 (Banuazizi, 302) When Shah was the president of the republic of Iran, the United State was a great friend of Iran and the United States brought a lot of western policies to the countries which were aimed at improving the country’s economic and social state. The Shah’s power exercised great political authoritarianism arresting many who criticized his leadership like the Grand Ayatollah, a jurisprudent, was imprisoned and upon his release in 1964 he fled to a different country for security purposes. Political Islamists, Marxists and the Secularists formed a faction to overthrow the leadership of Shah. The group succeeded to remove Shah from power in 1979 and Ayatollah came back to Iran and led the movement. Ayatollah established a policy of Velayt-e-Fagih, which is the control of the regime by the clerics, which was in the constitution and was just passed in the same year. He came up with new
Introduction Theater is an intricate form of artistic expression. Some of its main applications include the creation of an avenue for the transfusion of culture from one generation to another and maintenance of the uniqueness of various aspects of specific societies. Plays form part of the many ways through which theater passes on culture through several generations in a society. Although educative in nature, plays also serve as means of entertainment for most people. Themes represent the important elements that comprise a play or story. Unlike storytelling, plays bring imagery in stories to life. They enable audience to connect better with the story while obtaining entertainment as a bonus. However, the successful execution of these functions depends on the observance of certain aspects of the play by the various involved parties. For instance, the utilization of objects such as lighting, props, and costumes has the ability to affect the audience’s perception of the play and understanding of the story. To aid in a better elaboration of this concept, this paper explores a case study of the play Romeo and Juliet presented at the California Shakespeare Center on 25 July 2013. The essence is to analyze lighting, props, and costumes in terms of their effect on the themes in the story and a general understanding of the entire play by the audience. Lighting One of the most important aspects in designing a set for a play is choosing the appropriate lighting for each scene. The lighting helps in the creation of the mood for the play and enhances the theme so that the audience connects with the director’s vision for the play. For instance, dim lighting creates a romantic or sad feel to a scene in a play, thus enabling the audience to understand the story through emotional connection through enhancement via light. Therefore, it is utterly critical to make the right choice of lighting depending on various factors such as the location of the stage and the time of day the play shows. For the play, Romeo and Juliet , a California Shakespeare Theater production hosted on the theater grounds on 25 July 2013, the directors, in conjunction with the set designers, chose to hold the play at an outdoor setting. This aspect means that factors such as natural light from the sun or moon or foggy weather came into consideration. The crew thus had to ensure that the lighting sets the mood for each scene without interference by these circumstances. One of the main advantages for the location is that the natural surroundi
Vulnerable populations such as the elderly, people with disabilities, and racial minorities have unique health care needs that include complex chronic conditions, multiple chronic comorbidities, dependency, and lack of access to healthcare (Vanderbilt et al., 2013). Complex chronic conditions affecting people in these groups of the population require constant medications to enhance their wellbeing and longevity. However, vulnerable populations often struggle to pay for the medications and some are forced to cut back on prescribed medications to save money, resulting in increased risk for disease entrenchment and suboptimal treatment outcomes (Freedman & Spillman, 2014). The proposed bill seeks to structure Medicare in such a way that it can utilize its buying power to negotiate with pharmaceutical firms for lower prices and hence ensure continuous drug coverage for vulnerable populations. Although the health care law adds benefits to assist in making the Medicare prescription drug coverage more affordable upon reaching the Medicare Part D coverage gap, vulnerable populations have often fallen into what is commonly referred to as the “doughnut hole” due to failure to pay all the costs of their medicine as required by the law (Danzon, 2004). Moreover, Gusmano and Allin (2011) proved that the current health care delivery systems in England and the US need improvement. Even though they tend to make healthcare services of good quality available to the diverse population, older persons and minorities have poor access to primary care in the US. The fact that access inequalities exist is underlined. It is claimed that even though the county tries to make forget about the racial differences, they are not ignored and affect the delivery of services negatively. Under the current law, the coverage is 75% of the initial drug cost, which seems to be rather beneficial, but when the sum reaches $2,830, individuals become responsible for all costs. Here the coverage gap occurs, as the next coverage will be received only when the sum is almost $6,500 (Traynor, 2010). Thus, the necessity of the “donut hole” solution is undeniable. Unfortunately, today one-third of the beneficiaries fall into the “donut hole”, which proves that the issue is to be solved as soon as possible. With the help of Part D, many people who suffer from chronic diseases and need constant treatment will pay very modest sums (Howard-Ruben, 2006). Part D coverage benefits the vulnerable population, as it will increase every year so that eventually people will always pay 25% of the cost, everything else will be paid by insurance and other private companies ( Information pharmacists can use , 2013). Those who are already on Medicare have an opportunity to change the program for Part B if they want, and others join it directly. The advantage of this coverage is that it has several drug plans that cover all services, and people can choose the one that will be the best for them depending on
Leadership style and skills are of great importance for managers in any field of activity, including nursing. Nurses are leaders who manage difficult situations daily; moreover, a nurse as a leader performs many functions, such as planning and personnel management. The effectiveness of managerial activity and the performance of the team depend on leadership qualities. In order to improve such a vital ability, it is important to reflect on previous incidents since David Epstein talks about how people should use early work experiences to figure out what kind of work matches them best (1). As for my own expertise, I seem to understand now that the ability to communicate is one of the key factors that contribute to effective leadership. It is evident that words have a strong impact on people’s minds. While giving orders in a clear manner is important, people’s feelings should be taken into consideration as well; that is why it is crucial to be also self-aware. Fortunately, the ability to relate to other people and respect their opinions is one of my strengths. However, while it is important to be mindful of words, I feel like sometimes I lack self-discipline and willpower to be a proper leader. Moreover, sometimes stressful situations seem to put pressure on my mental state. Nevertheless, because of my previous experience and feedback from my mentors, I was able to identify those flaws. Therefore, I am hopeful to learn from it and turn t
The relationships between gods and mortals are one of the central themes of Greco-Roman mythology. Though gods and goddesses obtain the ultimate power and can rule over destinies of men, they not always are depicted as the voice of justice and sometimes use their might for satisfying their personal needs and compensating for the weaknesses of their character. The popularity of the theme of love affairs between the gods and the mortals can be explained with the peculiarities of the concept of divinity in Greeks and Romans. Along with supporting humans during their wars and interfering into the earth conflicts, gods often fell in love with mortals though it was prohibited by the divine laws. On the one hand, it can be explained with the weakness of character of gods. On the other hand, realizing their enormous power and lack of restraints, the divine creatures could be certain that they just could afford themselves violating the rules without fear of future punishment. There are a great number of examples when the relationships between gods and mortals ended as marriage-type of love. These include, for example, Ariadne marrying ,Dionysus, the Greek god of grape harvest and winemaking, Tithonus marrying Eos, the Greek goddess of the dawn, and Psyche marrying Eros (Cupid in Roman mythology), the god of sexual love. At the same time, there is a wide range of relationships between the gods and the humans without marriage, the so-called lust-type of love. These are the couples of the goddess Aphrodite and her young lover Adonis and relationships between Zeus and mortal women Alkmene, Semele, and Leda. The majority of god-mortal couples bore children who could become a Demigod or a hero. Hesiod, a Greek oral poet even compiled the prolonged lists of mortal women who had relationships with gods and children who were born from divine and mortal couples. “Since many aristocratic families and even entire cities traced their lineages to these heroes, this extensive list acts as a bridge between the Theogony and the world of Hesiod’s audience” (Trzaskoma 131). Thus, looking for their forefathers in these lists, ancient Greeks and Romans rationalized the beliefs in their own divine origin. The representation of the love liaisons between gods and mortals in Greek and Roman myths removes the distinct line between the divine and mortal origin of heroes and changes the traditional interpretation of the concept of divinity as the voice of justice which is deprived of biases. Another interpretation of relationships between the gods and the mortals is presented in Euripides’ play Hippolytus in which Artemis as the goddess of chastity rejects to protect her human lover Hippolytus. As opposed to numerous examples of divine lovers who protected their favourites and interfered in the earth affairs, Artemis decides to take r
In Oedipus the King, one of the persons, who receive prophesies that project a doomed end, is King Laius; who is the biological father to Oedipus. The oracle that King Laius receives is that he is to be killed by his son (Bloom 117). Since Oedipus is still an infant, his father King Laius decides to kill him and after tying his legs with pins, he orders his wife, queen Jocasta to kill the boy. Jocasta however hesitates to kill Oedipus and instead gives the task to a servant. The servant does the same and takes the boy to a hill to die from exposure, but the infant is saved by a shepherd, and taken to another kingdom; where the young boy is adopted by a childless King Polybus of Corinth. The abovementioned prophesy is however fulfilled when Laius meets with Oedipus later in life. Being in the same road and both having chariots, they start to argue on who should use the road. King Laius then attempts to strike Oedipus who appears to be insolent, but Oedipus manages to wrestle him down and kills him. This happens without either of them knowing about their identities. Oedipus then proceeds to kill the rest of the people accompanying King Laius but leaves one of them. The decision to kill Oedipus leads to the king’s death and as the oracle had said, king Laius dies by the hand of his son without knowing. Oedipus is another character who receives information from the Delphic Oracle that he is to kill his father and marry his mother (Bloom 118). Although Oedipus hears rumors that he is not the biological son to the king and queen, he decides that he does not want to harm them. When he confronts king Polybus and queen Merope about his true identity, they both maintain that indeed they are his biological parents. He therefore leaves Corinth and decides to stay away from Polybus and the queen so as not to harm them. Getting away from his parents seems as the best option for Oedipus. On the way, he meets his biological father Laius and without realizing about their identities, they start to quarrel and Oedipus kills his father as well as those with him except one servant. By killing his father, Oedipus fulfils two prophesies. One is that told to his father when Oedipus was a child and the other is that which made him leave Corinth; that he is to kill he father. Oedipus then arrives back to his father’s land, Thebes and he is approached with the riddle of the Sphinx (Bloom 99). This riddle jeopardizes the future of people of Thebes who appear to be imprisoned in form of a curse. Oedipus manages to crack the riddle that had been provided by Oedipus. It showed that he was aware that man was the reason behind the riddle. This is because man followed traits akin to the riddle’s questions. When Oedipus cracks this riddle, the Sphinx commits suicide by throwing herself off the cliff. This helps in breaking the curse that has long existed in Thebes and the people feel that Oedipus needs to be rewarded (Sophocles and Grene 12). The kingship is issued to
Introduction The resource-based theory basically explores organizations internal capabilities concerning the formulation of strategies that are intended to achieve sustainable competitive advantage both at the market and in the industries where an organization operates. In fact, this theory deals with the competitive environment of an organization but applies the inside-out approach. The theoretical analysis starts with the internal environment of the organization. As a result, the theory is frequently observed as an alternative replacement for the Porters five forces framework which looks at the external environment while taking the outside-in or the industrial structure as the starting point. This paper examines the way internal resources of the firm contribute to the organizations success and sustainability. More emphasis is geared towards the role and nature of intangible and tangible resources in reference to the notion of dynamic capabilities of an organization. The paper also reviews the available literature to shade light on the resource based theory approach and to relate it to how the internal resources of an organization contribute to the success of organization and the gaining of competitive advantage. The resource based approach to the organization strategy The resource based theory is not a new approach to the organization strategy, but it is rather a strategy that has long precursor with links going back to the early works of Penrose. Nevertheless, the resource based theory is majorly associated with works of scholars like Rumelt, Barney, Prahalad and Hamel as well as Peteraf and Grant. These scholars put a lot of emphasis on the organizations internal resources and capabilities in formulating the organizational strategies (De Wall 2007, p.209). As indicated, the resourced based view takes into account the organization internal capabilities and resources in formulating the organization strategy so as to attain the sustainable competitive advantage within market as well as at the industry levels (Barney & Clark 2007, p.189). In situations where the organization has capabilities and resources that can be organized and reorganized for a company to attain the desired competitive advantage over competing firms, the organization perspective becomes inside-out (Barney & Clark 2007, p.189). In essence, the company capabilities become the determinant of the strategic choices the company makes while competing with others in the outside environment. Similarly, in certain situations, the capabilities of the organization may permit the creation of new markets besides adding value to the organization clienteles (Miles 2012, p.212). This has clearly been depicted by the Toyota hybrid cars and the Apple iPod. In these cases, it is clear that the organization capabilities are paramount to the creation of the organizations competitive advantage. It is also imperative to note that the capabilities will enable an organization to lay much emphasis on the configuration of its value-chain activiti
Introduction The researcher aspires to start a Limited Liability Company with two other people. The researcher opts for a Limited Liability Company because of the benefits that accompany the business venture. In the course of the day-to-day business operations, businesses encounter various issues that require legal intervention. Business owners should decide whether to use legal or alternative dispute resolutions in resolving their disagreements. In Limited Liability Company, owners should have abiding agreement on the terms of their engagement. Similarly, they should have agreements with vendors they transact with, in their daily business endeavors. The contracts should entail a clause that indicates the venue for litigation that is suitable for both parties. These agreements are important as they act as framework for resolving disputes. Advantages and disadvantages of Limited Liability Company Over other legal Business forms There are different legal requirement for different forms of business. In the United States of America, sole proprietorship business requires the following legal documents to operate. Sole proprietorship business should have form 1040, which contains Individual Income Tax Return. This form reflects the owner’s compliance in submitting taxes. Other essential forms include schedule SE for Self-Employment Tax, Form 4562 for Depreciation and Amortization, Form 8820 that include the Expenses for Business Use of your home. Lastly, an employment form is required in case the business owner has hired people to assists in managing the business. Partnerships are required to posses all the forms for sole proprietorship. However, in addition, they should possess Schedule E for Supplementary Income and Loss, Form 1065 for Partnership Return Income and Form 1065 K-1 for partner’s Share of Income, Credit, and Deductions. Limited Liability Company operates like a partnership. However, business owners have limited liability and therefore, their personal assets are not at risk in case of any business liability or debt (Davidson, 2000). The researcher would like to start a Limited Liability Company. Starting a Limited Liability Company will be easier for the researcher in raising the funds required to start it, unlike in the case of sole proprietorship form of business. The researcher will share in raising the capital that is required to start the business with the other five partners whom he aspires to join hands in starting the business. The business is likely to excel owing to the complementary skills of the three partners. Some of the two owners are accountants; one is an engineer and the other two a marketer and a specialist in hospitality industry. The combination makes the partnership excellent. The five shareholders will combine their skills and operate the business efficiently. In addition, the three partners will first discuss before implementing i