ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pressure ulcers are one of the most pervasive disorder among hospitalized patients who are rendered wholly or partly immobile by their condition. Pressure ulcers are also often associated with disability and age: 70% of all cases occur in patients over the age of 70 (Khor et al., 2014). Statistics on the prevalence of the disorder vary from country to country: for instance, Khor et al. report that in the US, European, and Canadian hospitals, between 5.8 and 26% of patients suffer from pressure ulcers. Teaching hospitals in China showed a very low prevalence of 1.8% whereas, in Singapore and Japan, the share of elderly patients with PU amounted to 18.1% and 9.6% respectively. As they develop, pressure ulcers result in increased morbidity and are detrimental to a person’s quality of life. Aside from painful sensations, an elderly person is also confronted with the adverse psychological effects of having PU. Khor et al. (2014) also revealed that PU were some of the determinants of mortality in elderly patients. Can studying affected individuals help to develop a preventive framework for elderly patients? In a descriptive quantitative study, de Brito Vieira et al. (2014) interviewed 215 elderly patients at one of the Brazilian hospitals and analyzed their medical history to identify risk factors for pressure ulcers. As it turned out, almost half of the patients (47%) were at risk of developing PU. The majority of the participants (42.3%) were admitted to the orthopedic unit. De Brito Vieira et al. (2014) argue that aging, in general, takes a toll on a person’s tissues: it reduces skin capillaries and blood supply. Together with collagen rigidity and reduction of adipose tissue in the limbs, these age-related conditions make an individual’s skin more vulnerable to injuries. Apart from that, patients at the orthopedic unit also had decreased turgor, which made them susceptible to pressure ulcers (de Brito Vieira et al., 2014). Hypertension was found to be the second risk factor (de Brito Vieira et al., 2014). Lastly, the third significant factor is the use of analgesics, antihypertensives, and anticoagulants which usually trigger a severe reaction in the human body (de Brito Vieira et al., 2014). Reliability is defined as the degree to which an assessment tool is consistent with a study’s objectives and can produce stable results (Grove, Gray, & Burns, 2015). In critiquing the article by de Brito Vieira et al. (2014), they used a variety of measurement tools to cover all possible characteristics of patients at risk of developing pressure ulcers. It is stated that the researchers conducted a series of semi-structured interviews to gather personal information that might not have been obtained otherwise (de Brito Vieira et al., 2014). For instance, face-to-face conversations allowed them to gather data on marital status,
The Bible serves as the example of various cases, which can be used by social workers to develop their diversity awareness competences. For example, the presentation of Egypt in the Book of Exodus shows the oppressed structure. “The Egyptians became ruthless in imposing tasks on the Israelites, and made their lives bitter with hard service in mortar and brick and in every kind of field labor” (Exodus 1:13-15). In this case, the Jews are oppressed because of their nationality, while it makes society ruthless and harshly punitive. The cultural differences between the Israeli and Egyptians shaped their experiences, where the former were slaves, and the latter were masters. Another example refers to the domination of the Roman Empire that also oppressed the Jews. “Herod [Antipas] beheads John the Baptist who has been critical of Herod’s personal morality and political alliances” (Matthew 14:1-12). Such violence was caused by the differences in personal identity and political views, which led to structural oppression. Instead of paying attention to the views of people, the king acted as a powerful and murderous leader, who is not able to recognize diversity (Nelson, 2018). Accordingly, the mentioned murder was another sign of Jews’ discrimination that influenced their experiences. Today, the position of African-Americans in the US is an example of structural marginalization, even though some steps were conducted by the government to address this. As the ethnicity that was oppressed for many years, African-Americans still suffer from stigma, bullying, and discrimination. The active reaction from the public was caused by the death of George Floyd, who was killed by the police officer (Dixon & Dundes, 2020). This example revealed many other similar cases when people were murdered only because of perceived suspicion. The protests across the US showed that the current social structure is imperfect as it still contains mistreatment and prejudices towards African-Americans. The alienation of Native Americans that was extensively conducted in the 20th century resulted in social discrimination, racial abuse, and poor quality life in general. Today, Native Americans still have reservations, they are less educated, and more likely to lack the access to health care services. This nation was intentionally distinguished from others in the US, their children were educated in boarding schools, and their resources were exploited. These experiences led to unemployment, alcohol and drug abuse, as well as violence in communities (Gurley, 2016). The native languages and traditions of tribes become extinct.
Introduction Best Buy Company, which is found in Richfield, Minnesota, is the top specialty dealer in customer electronics, home and office goods, individual computers, leisure software, machines, and related services. This company runs retail hoards and profitable websites under several brand names such as Best Buy, Future Shop, Pacific Sales and Speakeasy among others. According to this company, the main issues to put into consideration while evaluating its stock involve major positive arguments and major negative arguments. The company’s strain on building a better quality service and installation capacity than its competitors could offer it a momentous competitive advantage. It is, however, clear that Best Buy is not doing so well in china. This could be attributed to the dawdling sales impetus in its home market. For instance, in February 2011, this company publicized the closure of nine stores. This announcement efficiently indicated the termination of the company’s eight-year China narrative in which it used up three years arranging for its market ingress and five years intensifying to nine stores situated in Shanghai. Another view on the reasons for its collapse in the Chinese market is the fact that it inflated too slowly to endure in the countenance of ruthless competition from other Chinese electronics colossal such as Gome. Specialists say that the company’s decision to adhere to its American business sculpt led to its failure in china. Unlike its chief Chinese Competitors, who let different branches of a store to vendors of different brands, Best Buy acquires all of its goods directly from dealers and charges them autonomously. The other reason as to why Best Buy Company is not doing well is that it tries so much to please its consumers by lessening the price competition and this does not appear to fit the undeveloped Chinese market. Best Buy Company could be missing out on a value of about $850 billion in trade due to reduced customer service. This is according to the latest study carried out for this company. 85% of the people reviewed say that they would live Best Buy for companies with improved services (Hartline & Ferrel, 2008). Competitive advantage is a gain over competitors achieved by providing customers with better value through either lowering prices or offering higher benefits and services which substantiate higher prices. Theoretically, it grows out of the price a company is able to charge its consumers
Introduction All of us are consumers. Today, we are exposed to both print media as well as television media. The television set has recently become a common household communications device in homes and institutions whereas the print media was present much before this innovation. Both the media have their own advantages as well as disadvantages. This paper intends to compare and contrast the print media and the television media. There is a lot of difference between watching news on the television that of reading the same news in a newspaper. In television the news coverage may include the life or recorded coverage of certain incidences whereas the print media may only contain some still photographs of the same incidence. Main text Let us take for example the September 11 incidence that was shown in television news and also covered extensively in the newspapers. This was news that shook the whole world. People who watched the television also read the newspapers repeatedly. The reason behind this is that when a person watches he/she may miss out on some of the statistical or other important details which is much clear when it is read. Print sources undergo an extensive and painstaking publication process that comprises editing and article review. The procedure has fact-checkers, a number of reviewers, and editors to make sure excellence of publication (The OWL at Purdue University, 1995). The mass dissemination of the written word remains the single most important development in communication technology. Today, the print media has further advanced to internet publications. However, it is a fact that in the underdeveloped world where the internet and other technologies have not reached, it is only the print media that dominates. Televisions are also the most popular media in these regions and help to spread various developments happening around the world. The advantage of television is that the message can be easily understood by even an illiterate whereas print media is only useful to the literates. It is also true that electronic publications, particularly of the newspapers, books, journals and magazine provide has additionally benefited the paper-based documentation process. This is because the print media powered by the electronic advancement typically are delivered with a powerful mechanism to quickly search through them. Television is a one-way medium in the sense that when a person turns on a program he passively sits down to watch it. The person has a choice to change the program in case if
Web 2.0 has led to an increase in leisure classes which has encouraged people to study online during their free time. They are able to do this without fear that their student accounts may be hacked. It has also led to freedom in learning as people are able to learn any topic or subject that they want. The web 2.0 has made learning to be convenient since it is easier for one to access their course lessons anytime. This encourages more people to register for free online courses that are being provided by multiple organizations nowadays. Web 2.0 has also contributed to MOOC by creating flexibility. It has made it possible for individuals undertake their studies anytime that is suitable in relation to their schedules. People are also able to choose who they study or in which groups they can take part in discussions. The web 2.0 has ensured that what we learn can be retrieved online by simply looking them up via search engines. Hence, all that we learn is always available and this leads to the promotion of a lifelong studying and learning as students are able to access more information without the need to buy books. The presence of advanced internet technology has made free online studying easier which enables people to access new information thus making the world seem as a global village. It has also broadened the horizon to extents that no one could imagine by making communication easier since one can communicate his ideas with ease through the internet leading to enlightenment to the majority. Generally, web 2.0 has enabled people to carry out their learning online at ease. How to use OER in building courses Open Educational Resources are a powerful tool that provides basic education for all and ensures that education of individuals is promoted for a long period of time. OER is used in numerous institutions of learning as it enables the provision of a wide range of courses to a large since it is less expensive. Increased use of OER has a likelihood of transforming people’s positively by increasing the levels of literacy. OER broadens access of education within and outside institutions of learning since one is able to access the needed materials for their study whether at home or in school. This leads to an improvement of the interaction and development in academic networks through enhancement of quality in learning as educational resources have been released openly not just for enrolled learners but for everyone interested in learning. It also encourages the scrutiny of the people who create resources and their colleagues by ensuring that education resources are accessible worldwide. OER Increases productivity as it ensures that one has a clear idea of the course materials that they are supposed to possess. This enables students to access a number of resources that make them well informed. OER‘s ownership is protected by a copyright that permits institutions to manage the available resources to prevent piracy. Describe how the game integrates digital technologies to the benefit of teaching and learning The game uses digital communication to ensure consistent communication which is continuous between the teacher and the learner hence ensuring
Introduction To begin with, Plato is a globally known ancient Greek philosopher who made a significant contribution to modern Western philosophy and liberal arts. As a rationalist and idealist, he believed in the divine world of ideas or forms that were quite above human understanding, and the thinker argued that we gain eternal knowledge only by reasoning. Additionally, his various ponderous dialogues are of great importance for philosophical studies because Plato has unique and rather profound ideas that have influenced the school of thought for the past centuries. In this essay, it is essential to explore the philosopher’s ideas about the theory of forms and his personal perception of them. Main body In his philosophical dialogues, the thinker divides the divine, unchangeable world of forms and the world of material, physical objects that was constantly changing and existed only as a shadow of the ideas. Piyong (2013) writes that Plato comes up with the idea that stability and perfection can only be applied to the metaphysical world of knowledge, whereas people’s opinions and concepts of things are not everlasting. Plato describes the phenomenon of forms as archetypes of everything the material world has to offer. Moreover, ideas can be applied to material things via three aspects: cause, participation, and imitation (Piyong, 2013). This means that the supreme world of unalterable forms can influence people’s opinions, be involved in their making, or ideas are simply imitated by people without actually reflecting their meaning. Conclusion To sum up, Plato comes to the conclusion that the world of never-changing, constant ideas cannot be fully comprehended due to the narrowness of human conception. Nevertheless, through reasoning and logic, people can find the truth within themselves because our godly souls are the closest to understanding the reality of perfect forms.
Apparently, culture plays a significant role in the shaping of national beliefs, attitudes, and worldview in general. It underlies all political, economic, and social structures of society. Considering this, many people tend to believe that high corruption rates are natural to societies that have a long history of relationships based on reciprocity. That may be true; however, corruption should not be justified by the cultural characteristics of society. Although corruption may be the manifestation of a true other-regarding behavior, it may also be a means of obtaining some desired benefits, for example, politicians may corrupt the public with particular services in order to gain its support. The idea that corruption has common features with gift-giving traditions seems to be logical. It is true that traditional societies whose culture has always been based on reciprocity have a different perception of corruption. Because of the latter, the political and social traditions of these societies are built on the beneficial effects of corruption (International Debate Education, 2011). However, it is a mistake to believe that the social structure of traditional societies will not survive without corruption. In the past, Western societies were highly corrupted; however, they only benefited from the shift of their perspective in which they started to consider corruption as an obstacle to their development. Rose-Ackerman and Palifka (2016) studied the culture/corruption interface defining corruption, its types, and ways of how cultural aspects that are independent of corruption relate to corruption incidence. There is a difference between developed and developing market economies to the concept of bribes. While the former considers it inappropriate and have specific instruments and institutions to regulate the relationship between official functions and impersonal market trades, drawing numerous formal lines between them, the latter do not have distinct separation lines between the public and private sectors. The authors admit that in traditional societies, corruption may simply be determined by cultural mores and can be considered as other-regarding behavior; however, corruption may also be the result of strategic calculations of individuals that aim to obtain some benefit (Rose-Ackerman & Palifka, 2016). Therefore, society should not justify corruption by the cultural features of a country in which it occurs. There are many examples of unscrupulous officials that strategically justify their bribes by gift-giving traditions. As a rule, these officials belong to the political sphere and offer money and services in order to provide themselves with public support during the elections. For example, a politician constructs an amusement park for children from low-income families making the public believe that they spend their own money on th
Voting should be an absolute right among the Americans either for prisoners or law-abiding citizens. It is important to advocate for balloting among all nationalities due to the profound influence by the leaders on growth and development. The governance of the country depends on the constitutional stipulations. In this case, one of the reasons for the optimal distribution of the justifiable polling involves promoting human rights among all residents (Gerber et al., 2017). The administration of jailhouse relies on the ideological management strategies. As a result, it is important for the offenders to determine the dynamic directorship to attribute the way of life in the penitentiaries and the legal system. One of the controversial topics posed across the American territories entails the determination of the leadership approach. Over the decades, the two main political ideals that guide citizens’ decision-making enshrine democrat and republicans (Gerber et al., 2017). One of the parties focuses on liberalism while the latter utilizes conservatism. It is important to establish the integral value of voting among the prisoners due to the trickle-down effect. Although a law offender serves jail sentence for the crimes committed, it is crucial to foster the approach as a character reformation enhancing the coexistence and adherence to the regulations at the completion of suspension or probation. Succinctly, voting should be an absolute concept to enhance the prisoners’ participation in the decision about the form of leadership across the American region. The first reason entails the significant influence of the executive team in determining the way of living and justice system for the criminals. Another factor of consideration is the essence of reformation over the concept of alienation from the regional growth and development. Despite the intentional punishment among the criminals, it is vital to determine the integral sense of belonging and contribution to the nation’s economy. Reference Gerber, A. S., Huber, G. A., Meredith, M., Biggers, D. R., & Hendry, D. J. (2017). Does incarceration reduce voting? Evidence about the political consequences of spending time in prison. The Journal of Politics , 79 (4), 1130-1146.
Introduction Personal financial planning is imperative in wealth creation. Personal financial planning is fueled by the need to achieve set goals whether today or in the future. It is essential for the upcoming working class to develop new strategies that will help them to save money for retirement. Personal financial planning cannot be measured today, but can only be evident in a couple of years. As young people enjoy new jobs and opportunities, they must think about life after retirement. Therefore, it is critical to start saving at an early age to accumulate wealth over the years until retirement. The most common way of personal saving for retirement is through pension schemes. A pension plan can be either private or public, but they all play the same role. In the UK, they are many players who offer different packages of pension schemes to the public. However, it is imperative to consider the benefit associated with each pension plan before committing yourself. According to Booth (2015) personal financial planning regarding investments, pensions program is the best way to achieve financial freedom (p.5). Moreover, it helps an individual to succeed in their goals and objectives. This report critically analysis personal financial planning and how it can help young employees and students to achieve financial freedom. Specifically, it analyzes the pension plan that will assist them to save money for retirement. A snapshot of the pension industry in the UK The UK pension market has many players who offer different packages. The market is highly dominated by three players including Tower Watson, Aon Hewitt and Mercer (Granville & Mallick 2014, p. 224). The three big players in the industry account for more than 70 percent of the current market share. The market has many players because there are no barriers to entry. However, the market is highly regulated with new reforms being enacted almost every year. According to Hill (2013, p. 345) UK pension providers are facing more than three times as many regulations compared to the last six years. Economists have warned of a possible crisis if the current trend continues. They argue that the government is implementing new reforms and regulations too much, too soon. The National Association of Pension Fund noted that there is a steady increase in government release regulations relating to pension management (Zantomio 2015, p. 733). For instance, it noted that there was 71 document issued in 2014 concerning the conduct of pension funds. According to Johnson (2015), many of the recent changes relate to the automatic enrollment of workers in the workplace pension schemes that came into effect in Octobe