ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Effective planning and scheduling are important aspects of managerial tasks and duties which are known to initiate success and efficiency in organizations. However, managers, very often face situations in which they encounter unscheduled and unexpected instance, necessitating their immediate attention, which could consequently disrupt their entire work schedule. It is during such instance that managers with true leadership skills and qualities will be able to demonstrate their expertise and abilities by dealing with unwarranted situations and giving them positive and optimal outcomes. This paper aims to analyse the uncertainty which managers face in organizations and how this uncertainty can be used as a beneficial tool to persuade managers to work harder. The paper also aims to explore the several situations which could be considered as unproductive but can be used by managers productively, to improve and enhance the working of the organization. Senior managers are faced with the daunting task of managing their time effectively and being prepared to face any interruptions on the course of their clearly defined schedules and “orderly decision making” process (Pg. 131). The article illuminates the fact that such “ad hoc” behaviour which risks effective time management and requires senior managers to face uncalled situations is not “irrational” since it does exist in practicality and could “prove to be expression of a very different organizing principle” (Pg. 131). Discussing the several reasons which have the potential to cast a “gloomy cloud” for the effective application of rational organization theory, the author argues that such situations could actually function as “silver linings” to managers in senior leadership positions, who can take advantage of them to benefit the organizational goals and enhancing their leadership potential through the available set of opportunities in such unplanned situations. For instance, in cases when senior managers are provided with only a single option, the silver lining to managers could be that the option “usually reflects” the previous preferences of senior managers in similar situations. In cases when managers are not provided with ample time to schedule their work, they could use this instance as an opportunity to set direction for the present as well as the future and can reflect the same through the last minute changes which they make concerning the urgent issues and problems at hand. Problems for senior managers could arise when there are too many filters in the system which keeps managers shielded from bad news; however, managers could use reactions to good news to emphasize the ideals and priorities of the organization. More importantly when bad new arrives, managers can use this as an opportunity to demonstrate how the organization deals with such problems and issues in the institution and the kind of behaviour and effort that is expected from managers under such circumst
Alain Leroy Locke: The new Negro Alan Locke is a philosopher and the first black person who received a doctorate in philosophy, best known for promoting the Harlem Renaissance. It is a movement of population shift of African Americans to northern industrial cities searching for better jobs, which helped foster cultural richness and was named the Harlem Renaissance. Locke’s main aim was to promote black people in civilian life and show the difference between “Old” and “New Negro”. The author commonly draws on the theme of comparing the old and new life of Negro race. According to Locke, “The Old Negro was a product of stereotypes and judgments that were put on them, not ones that they created. They were forced to live in a shadow of themselves and others’ actions” (pp. 21-31). The migration caused a shift in history because it has changed how the Negro is viewed by the rest of the world. The new one is who no longer lacks self-respect, is whom courage to show the identity of black people for northern cities in music and another self-expression. The “New Negro” is a person who realizes that humanity is equal. To sum up, Alan Locke’s influence on today’s world is significant. The author promoted black people’s lives throughout the whole world in writing. It is an example of how one person can impact the fate of the race. Promoting the Harlem Renaissance movement, Locke emphasizes the progressiveness and talent of black people. Philosopher helped black authors become heard and respected and to explore the beauty and pain of blacks in jazz music to erase white people’s stereotypes. The Theme of the Black No More Black No More story is mainly focused on the theme of racism. It shows the situation when the color of people’s skin changes attitudes towards them. Max Disher is a black man who suffered from the scientific transformation that caused Max to become a white man and change his name to Matthew Fisher. After these actions, the main character started building a new life of a successful man: became a leader of a white supremacy group, maried the white woman who rejected Disher before changing his skin color. Max Disher idealized the life of whites before becoming one. Matthew was disappointed about the new routine; his expectations of being a white man were destroyed. Helen, Max’s wife, is disrespectful of black people, especially Max, at the beginning of the novel, but when Matthew reveals that their child has darker skin because of him, she accepted it. It shows people’s impermanence, how humanity can change its opinion through a period. In addition, at the end of the story, Matthew was more white than natural white people, and it also shows a changing tendency. Nicolas Guillen’s Poetry In Small Ode , the author shows two aspects of the boxer’s life. A Cuban boxer needed to perform for people who paid for the battle,
The Big Short is not only an entertaining movie with elements of comedy, drama, and thriller but also a documentary allowing learning more about the crisis of 2008. My top insights from this exciting film are as follows. First, the American mortgage system, with its almost full approval of loans, had long been acting as a financial pyramid and was on the verge of collapse. Second, if market participants massively invest in one asset, it does not mean it is reliable. We do not have to give in to the hype and carefully study the market tools. Third, the reason for the mortgage bonds’ default was in their security by subprime loans. In other words, as Margot Robbie explained talentedly, banks secured those bonds with risky loans to keep on getting superprofits. Also noteworthy is the fact that the content and ideas of the film can be related to the International Political Economy class. This doctrine focuses the attention of its research agenda on the study of how the mutual influence of political structures (states, regions, intergovernmental organizations) and market institutions occurs in a global economy. The financial crisis of 2008 caused substantial shifts in international relations. Thus, the events depicted in the movie are subject to the studies of the mentioned school. An interesting question within the scope of Political economy is how the crisis affected one of the main competitors of the USA – China. The global financial default has not influenced this country much due to another vector of development of the economic system. Chinese banks are by no means mortgage, but mainly state-owned savings institutions. Therefore, the main danger of the global crisis for China was not in the sphere of finance, but in the real economy and foreign trade – in a slowdown of economic growth and a significant drop in exports. For China, with its immense export opportunities, reducing global imports is extremely disadvantageous. In this regard, an important area of economic development of the Chinese government is expanding the domestic market, developing a “knowledge economy,” and increasing household incomes. ​
I am an excited learner when it comes to the effects of racism and the great minds who could state the very foundations of the ideals we now hold or question. I find it truly fascinating to see how our forebears managed to give an account of the way they viewed their ever-changing world and how future generations would come to rely on their wisdom when trying to enhance current points of view. However, we can only come to stress the effects of social theories such as New Darwinism when we look back on past events in our history which tend to highlight the beliefs of the author who in this case, is Charles Darwin. While I progressed in my reading of the text “The New Darwinism”, I find myself becoming a time traveler, drifting into the era of World War II Europe. This was the time when Hitler and his purification of the German scheme involved the genocide of millions of Jews. All of his heinous acts at the time was meant to highlight the weakness of a particular race of people, in this case, the Jews, and how allowing them to continue to lay claim to German history allowed Hitler to raise an issue about how their continued existence would ruin the future capabilities and social structure of Germany. The theories that Darwin presented in 1859 by Darwin’s Origin Of The Species allowed certain sectors the then your society to dwell on an issue of concern which led to them to express their concerns about the possible intermixing of races and ethnicity within the young American society. New Darwinism supporters force us to examine the very foundation of racism in our country’s history. How could a great country such as ours be able to express the sentiment of being a new world offering a new chance at life to anybody willing to take it alongside the claim that the very people whom we are to rely on to help us create a progressive society, would also come to embody the fear that interracial relationships may bring? In my opinion, the followers of Social Darwinism created their ghosts because they chose to believe that the Origin Of The Species theory pointed towards the demise of a race due to blood intermixing instead. How silly of them to believe that social mixing would bring about the mongrelization and biological defeat of the White Man! In opting to support the belief that racial superiority depends solely on social classes, with those on top being more superior to those at the bottom ( the inferior race), racial discrimination was finally born with the force of natural law seeming to back it up. Reading such outrageous statements led me to sit back and contemplate on the issue of race superiority. Hitler believed that the Aryan race was superior to any other race in Europe and that only by contr
Escherichia Coli 131 Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (also known as ST131) is regarded as a clone. It is a recent discovery in the scientific field. The clone was first identified in 2008. The group is regarded as a colonial and pathogenic type of bacteria (Giuffre et al. 8). It causes serious health problems that include gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections. The pathogens are extraintestinal. It is noted that in many cases, strains of E. coli colonize the gut. However, they are also known to thrive in other regions of the body, such as the peritoneal cavity. They are also found in the urinary tract, the kidney, as well as in bloodstream. The ST131 clone is mainly known for its tendency to attack the urinary tract. The resulting condition is referred to as urinary tract infection (UTI). The organisms belonging to this clone are known for their resistance to antimicrobial agents, such as fluoroquinolone. ST131 and Antimicrobial Resistance The ST131 clone is responsible for over 50 percent of known cases of resistance to antimicrobials. Such a figure makes it a significant group with regard to scientific studies. A case in point is the study conducted in an Italian neonatal intensive care unit to determine the spread of the pathogen. The objective of the study was to improve healthcare services provided to the population (Giuffre et al. 8). In addition, this clone makes up approximately half of E. coli strains that produce ESBL. The development has attracted the attention of many scholars. The ST131 clone is also associated with the production of CTX-M-15, a type of ESBL. Studies in this field have identified additional subclones under the E. coli ST131 group. The new additions include H30 and H30-R subclones. The two are more common compared to other variants of ST131. Scholars have given a number of reasons to explain this prevalence. However, in spite of these varying explanations, the exact reason for the increased occurrence of these two variants is not well known. The H30 subclone gets its name from its allele (Skold 54). It contains allele 30 of the type 1 fimbrial adhesin gene. The gene is present in the genome of a large percentage of E. coli ST131 resistant to fluoroquinolone. Both H30 and H30-RX trace their roots to a common ancestor. Their originator carries the allele fimH30 that is often characterized by multi-drug resistance (Ogura 180). Expansion of ST131 A number of subclones are known to multiply at a very high rate. Research has shown that H30-R is the most rapidly expanding subclone. It is also the most resistant subgroup among the isolates of the ST131 clone (Vaidy
Background Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PGP) describes the pain occurring in lumbosacral, sacroiliac, and symphysis pubis joints (1). It represents significant discomfort to pregnant women and requires timely identification, assessment, and appropriate treatment (2). The pain can be safely treated at any stage both during pregnancy and after birth as soon as a patient reports reoccurring symptoms. Scholars have reported that the problem is often underestimated because many women experience them, with the condition not considered dangerous (3). In addition, there is an issue of inconsistency associated with the lack of consensus associated with the incidence, treatment, clinical manifestations, and the final outcomes of PGP (4). The lack of consistency is also supported by the fact that PGP does not have known exact causes, with some patients experiencing mild symptoms and others being in serious pain (5). Therefore, it is essential not to overlook the adverse impact of PGP and implement cohesive treatment and management strategies to relieve patients’ pain and discomfort. Case History Mrs. J, a 32-year old female at 34 weeks of gestation, presented to the healthcare provider with complaints of low back pain and anterior pubic pain (6). The woman reported having difficulties lifting her leg, the inability to stand on either leg, pain in the hips, and the restriction of the hip movement, as well as frequent nerve pain down the leg. The current pregnancy is the patient’s first; thus, there is no history of having similar symptoms in the past. Upon interviewing the patient, it was revealed that the pain enhances when she is walking and going both up and down the stairs and turning over in bed (7). When questioned regarding rating the level of pain from 1 to 10, the patient reported her pain at the level of 7. The patient wanted to take some over-the-counter pain medication but was unsure whether they would be safe during pregnancy. Treatment Plan The treatment plan for the 32-year old patient is recommended to combine education and physical therapy methods (8). Patient education is necessary to provide the necessary information on the condition, develop self-care interventions for addressing pain, and identify high-risk symptoms to refer to a healthcare specialist immediately (9). Offering adequate information and reassurance of the patient is an essential step since the plan involves a pregnant woman who requires the support and understanding on the part of her healthcare provider (10). The pain and discomfort associated with PGP contribute to declining mental well-being, which decreases the quality of life and puts the patient in a negative headspace in regards to pregnancy (11). Therefore, prior to implementing an intervention that will include exercises and attempts to relieve the pain with the help of physical methods, patients’ stress levels should be addressed. From the physical therapy perspective, it is suggested to introduce such practices as manual therapy, exercise therapy, joint mobilization and manipulation, and ph
Introduction Canada is one of the countries that accommodate the highest number of immigrants in the world. This immigration has led to the entry of individuals from different races and ethnic backgrounds. This has eventually led to discrimination against some races and ethnic groups especially the immigrants. The main area of concern is income differentials between individuals from different races and ethnic groups. This paper will seek to analyze the issue of race and ethnicity in Canada. Politically at Stake The population in Canada has been unable to provide the workforce that is required in the country. This has led to the entry of immigrants into the country who possess the work skills that are needed. The experiences, identities, and outcomes of the people who live in Canada are greatly influenced by the racial background of an individual. The earnings by individuals who were born in Canada are very different from the earnings that the immigrants receive Non-white women in Canada assume certain positions and they mostly work as nurses, bank tellers, and secretaries. These immigrants receive lower wages about the amount that the Canadian-born individuals receive. A Canadian-born worker who performs the same responsibility as an immigrant from a different country gets higher salaries than the immigrant. In selecting immigrants into the labor market, the criteria are used to ensure that those who are absorbed can meet the outlined responsibilities. When such a criterion is used, there should be no differences in income by individuals taking similar work but discrimination still exist. The immigrants also do not get an equal opportunity when it comes to employment (Walker 28). Employment is affected by racial and ethnic factors where the Canadian-born individual will always have an added advantage in a vacancy. For example, if an immigrant from a certain minority group and a Canadian-born individual have the same qualifications for a job in terms of experience training, and education, and apply for the same job, the Canadian-born individual has a higher chance of getting the job than the immigrant. This is an indication that racial discrimination still exists regardless of claims that Canada is race-neutral (Thankery 8). Consequences of Racial Discrimination Racial and ethnic discrimination affects both the individuals who are discriminated against and the society in general (Vickers and Prempeh 54). The living standards of individuals from those races that are discriminated against are quite low. These individuals pay high prices for the goods that they buy and sell their products at lower prices so that the goods are bought. These individuals also have few employment opportunities and the ones that they get pay little amount of money. An individual
The major objective of this study was to evaluate sleep patterns of 400 Iranian men and women, aged 60 years or older, with a view to establish a relationship between their sleep quality and health status (Malakouti 1201). Previous studies had shown that sleep disturbances not only increase with age, but also elevate the use of health services and enhances physical and mental morbidity, functional dysfunction, and all causes of mortality. To collect the needed primary data, three sets of questionnaires, namely the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), were administered to the participants sampled using a rigorous scientific procedure that made use of the National Organization for Retired Persons in Tehran to recruit the elderly participants (Malakouti 1202-1203). The results reinforced the findings of other previous studies that many elderly people indeed suffer from poor sleep quality, consequently exposing them to a multiplicity of health-related risks and even illnesses. One in every ten participants reported experiencing sleepiness during the daytime due to poor sleep at night, while a sizeable number of participants reported experiencing difficulties falling asleep and maintaining sleep throughout the night. More women reported difficulties falling asleep due to being too hot at night, while more men suffered from leg twitching at night, considerably lowering the quality of sleep (Malakouti 1203-1206). These findings have important ramifications for the elderly as the quality of their sleep is positively correlated with quality of life and health outcomes (Malakouti 1206). Consequently, the authors suggest that promoting sleep hygiene education for the elderly should be recommended to enhance their quality of life and promote their health and wellbeing. Tani, Franca, Alice Bonechi, Carole Peterson & Andrea Smorti. “Parental Influences on Memories of Parents and Friends.” The Journal of Genetic Psychology 171.4 (2010): 300-329. This particular study purposed to explore the premise that parents have an increasingly significant influence not only on their children’s memories of them as significant others but also on their children’s memories of the parents’ close friends. Specifically, the researchers enrolled a sample of 198 Italian university students to critically “…evaluate the role that the quality of parent-child relationships has on two different types of memories, those of parents and those of friends (Tani et al. 301). In addition, the researchers purposed to evaluate the role of gender in moderating these relationships (Tani et al. 318). Three data collectio