ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The peppered moth lays eggs in mid-summer in the bark of trees, from which larvae hatch. These larvae lead an isolated life, feeding and growing on their own. Closer to winter, in order to survive, the larvae hide in a cocoon, which opens in mid-spring. An adult moth, which looks like a gray moth, emerges from the unfolded cocoon during the hibernation period. By summer, such a moth will create new eggs, after which it will die. Peppered moths have enough predators in their natural environment, given the vulnerable state of the moth as an insect. In particular, nuthatches, flycatchers, and the European robin are natural enemies of the moth, forcing the insect to hide motionless against tree bark. Biologically, this substantiates the appearance of the moth: birds cannot see the peppered moth, which creates favorable conditions for survival. Meanwhile, the peppered moth is a textbook example of a nocturnal animal; since most birds sleep at night, the moth has plenty of safe time to search for food. In the 19th century, world industry underwent a significant explosion that qualitatively raised the level of industrialization. Industrial industrialization became an important phenomenon not only for historical-social studies but also for biology. In particular, the peppered moth is thought to have changed its coloration qualitatively as a result of the deleterious effects of the Industrial Revolution on the forest. Soot and emissions from factories have affected the blackening of tree bark and the inhibition of lichen life. As a consequence, light-colored moths could no longer survive against the dark background of the bark, leading to the need for an evolutionary change in coloration to conceal dark. This is an example of industrial melanism that saved the peppered moth species. This example fully meets the conditions of natural selection as described by Darwin. Specifically, industrialization changed the environment, and the moth as a species had two options: to die because it could not adapt or to adapt. The emergence of the gray coloration could have been the result of a directed or accidental mutation, but in either case, it was this coloration that saved the moth from predators. Thus, light moths died because of their inability to hide, while dark insects took advantage of their mutation. As a consequence of the two subspecies, those who were best adapted to the new environment were able to survive, which is entirely in line with natural selection. The essence of Dr. Kettlewell’s hypothesis is that if dark moths have an advantage in forests subjected to industrialization, such moths will have less advantage over predators in light trees. Lab Hypothesis 1: if a light forest is
Revolution and evolution are two words which always sound similar but are different in meaning. Evolution refers to a slow and gradual change of situation, circumstances or a society. A human being is said to have undergone evolution to become what he is today. Revolution on the other hand refers a change that is fundamental which occurs in both the structures of an organization as well as the power aspect. Reform is another aspect that has constantly been spoken about and refers to improving or making better by bringing about some needed changes which have the effect of removing any faults or loopholes that may have been in existence. Simply put therefore, reforms seek to improve the existing systems while revolution seeks to totally do away with existing systems and introduce new ones. There are those who support revolution while others are in support of reforms. It has been argued that a revolution is better than reforms as a revolution is more effective. This discussion looks why revolutions are better than reforms with keen focus being paid on the most recent revolutions in Egypt and the Arab world. Looking at the current turn of events in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Syria and other Arab countries, it has become apparent that revolution is the way to go. Revolution simply means that the old systems of governance that have caused the people so much misery must be done away with and in their place new structures of governance and power be introduced and this is the main concern of revolution. Looking at the case study of Egypt, Hosni Mubarrak had remained in power for many decades and was very oppressive to the ordinary citizens. It would have been highly illogical to argue that the systems that Mubarak had introduced most of which had grounded to a halt be reformed. It is quite obvious that you cannot raise the dead back to life which is what reformists try to achieve (Salzman 91). By advocating for reforms, you are simply acknowledging that the institutions in place have failed and that something needs to be done to them so that the may function. Such an argument is not only a waste of resources but also a method of f
Introduction This was the case filed by Joseph B in the court of Appeals to veto the adoption of his daughter Annette. Annette B. is a girl who was born in August 1991. She was born to Marissa R. and Joseph B. who were not married. She lived with her mother until 1996 in Central Islip. During this time, her father alleged he visited her every weekend. In 1996, Annette and her mother moved from Central Islip. On the other hand, her father Joseph was arrested for a drug offense and was in prison until 2001 when this case was heard. During the trial, Joseph admitted that he did not have any contact with Annette. However, he claimed he had made three attempts to find her but he did not provide any proof of his attempts. His claim was uncorroborated by any person or document. Thus, there was no evidence to support his case for not abandoning Annette. He tried to defend himself by saying that the Department of Social Services (DSS) did not inform him of the whereabouts of his time during his incarceration. In August 2001, the DSS gave Joseph a notice about Annette when the DSS file a petition to terminate Joseph’s parental rights on the grounds of abandonment. The court of appeal upheld the Family Courts’ decision to terminate Joseph’s parental rights because there was enough evidence to prove that he had abandoned Annette and his uncorroborated testimony about his attempt to contact her. This paper will endeavor to look at the outcome of the case supposing that Annette was not in foster care, but was in a group home or that Annette’s foster parents were not seeking to adopt her. In addition, this discussion will find out whether the contemporary state of the child should be taken into account when the legal framework is apparent and compelling proof of neglect by their natural parent. Foster care Annette was placed in foster care because her birth mother terminated her parental rights. On the other hand, her unwed father abandoned her when he was arrested for a drug offense and put into incarceration. Foster families care for children under their care (Foster Care, 2009, Placing Children in Foster Care, para.1). Annette had been in foster care for more than two years and the father had not attempted reunification with his daughter (Katz, p.147). In case of adoption, the court would give the first priority to the foster family if they wished to adopt a child under their care. If Annette were not in foster care perhaps, the court would have put Joseph’s claim that he had attempted to contact his daughter three times into consideration and reversed the Family Court’s ruling. This is because a parent may not have money to support a child but “won’t be consi
Description William Frith’s painting The Derby Day depicts the Epsom Derby through a panoramic view. Measuring at 1016 x 2235 mm, the oil on canvas painting portrays different social aspects of the Victorian society. There are three major scenes in the foreground. In the left scene, there is a tent surrounded by seemingly rich gentlemen. A thimble-rigger is busy convincing the men to gamble at his table and beside him is a man with hands in his pockets. The man seems to be the latest victim of the game as he seems desperate and somehow stranded. To the extreme left, a woman holds her husband in an attempt to restrain him from joining in the gambling activities. The scene at the centre of the painting depicts an acrobat and his son preparing for a show. However, the young boy is obviously distracted by a man displaying some delicacies nearby. Around the acrobat’s space is a group of spectators from different social backgrounds. The seemingly affluent members of the audience get positions in readiness for the spectacle on top of their chariots. The poor are seated on the ground surrounding the acrobat. The scene at the extreme right portrays a well-dressed man leaning on a wagon carrier where two ladies are seated. A young poor girl is busy selling her wares to the man who seems less concerned. In the background, several groups of people are busy with their various activities. There is a concrete building to the left and the crowds of people extend to the horizon in a linear perspective. Analysis The Derby Day , 1856-8 by Frith is an excellent piece of composition that utilizes nearly all the art elements. The three main scenes create a symmetrical balance within the composition. Despite it depicting different active forms, the painting achieves harmony through the different colors applied. The dark colors are used to suggest a gloomy weather (Gombich 411). Dark clouds are depicted over the left scene. These dark clouds may symbolize the harms of the activities the people are participating in. The painting combines both organic and geometric shapes. Several colors have been used in the painting to depict the different clothes worn by the people. While women are depicted as favoring lighter colored clothes, the men mainly appear in brown and other dark colors. The overall texture of the painting is rough adding to the understanding of the many implied social differences between the presented figures. However, while the clothes of the rich appear more smooth and sharp, those of the poor appear to be extremely creased adding to the textural contrasts. Interpretation The objective of the painting seems to be the artist’s attempt to display the different social backgrounds of the people in Victorian England. By placing the three scenes that depict these social disparities, the artist was presenting a platform on which the lifestyles of the poor could be contrasted to those of the affluent. The portrayal of a poor boy being distracted by the delicacies of the rich was a deliberate attempt by the artist to portray the kind of relationship that ex
Introduction Health care policies are principles and goals that provide guidelines on how care can be accessed or delivered. Patient care is one policy that has ensured that health care is provided best to the targeted parties (Bates & Singh, 2018). The policy provides a framework for the expectation of each stakeholder and helps a health facility meet the legal requirements and safety measures of a health facility. This paper will explore the patient safety policy, its stakeholders, and the ethical considerations of the policy. Stakeholders in the Patient Care Program Stakeholders are parties who provide, receive, pay, or manage a particular policy. In this case, the stakeholders in patient safety include the patient, nurses, researchers, and nursing educators. The stakeholders can be divided into internal and external stakeholders (Rauch, 2019). Internal stakeholders comprise those involved in providing health care directly. They include the nurses, physicians, physiotherapists, pharmacists, and other health specialists that directly offer health care. External stakeholders include the patients, government health institutions, and health care insurance providers, among others. They mainly play a significant supportive role in enhancing change by providing the required resources. Patients are the service users in this case and are the main reason why the policy is enacted. The government ensures that the necessary health facilities enhance the process (Müller et al., 2018). They offer other assistance such as financial assistance through paying the service lenders like the nurses. Financial aid is also given by various insurance companies, which take care of the financial requirements of the patients at large. Ethical Considerations and their Solutions There are four primary ethical considerations in patient safety that ensure that activities are implemented orderly. First is informed consent, where a person participating in a particular activity is informed fully about what is expected. In this case, a nurse, for example, needs to be well conversant with their day-to-day roles. These roles include administering drugs at the specified time and ensuring that the patient is attended to entirely without delays. Do no harm is another consideration that needs to be considered (Billmann et al., 2020). A patient can receive both physical and psychological damage. This can be through pain, stress, anxiety, invasion of privacy, and lowering of self-esteem. Therefore, the service lenders should ensure that they do not interf
It is valid to say that the majority of young individuals and high school graduates regard education as a priority because it provides opportunities to succeed later in life by getting a fine and desired job. However, it certainly is not very easy to graduate from a university and obtain a degree. One of the reasons for this is that being a student, a person is exposed to a lot of stressors and pressures on a daily basis, including an expectation to show excellent academic results, as well as the needs to balance studying and personal interests, to earn money to cover debts and support living, et cetera. Multiple external and internal factors can substantially influence the way one performs in a college. It is possible to say that the presence of support sources and possession of skills and flexibility needed to overcome existing obstacles to successful studying are essential in avoiding big failures during the pursuit of a degree. In my case, the most challenging barrier to receiving the undergraduate degree was the absence of financial assistance. Currently, both of my parents are studying as well so I do not have a chance to refer to them for financial support and, unfortunately, I was not regarded as eligible for the scholarship by either community foundations or the college. For these reasons, I had to work part-time in a nursing home in order to earn some money to support myself and proceed with my education. In the given situation, time management was one of the largest issues for me, and I struggled with balancing my attention across various domains of life at first. Since the largest part of the day during weekends I spent working, sometimes it was hard to keep up with the pace of learning expected from students in the college. Nevertheless, I was always very much aware of the benefits one can gain through education and a need to study hard despite all possible hardships. Moreover, my interest in medicine was and remains extremely strong. Thus, I have found a way to cope with excess stress and to improve my academic performance by trial and error. Through this experience, I learned that self-discipline and self-organization are keys to success in both educational and professional spheres because they help to manage time, which is one of the principal resources required for acquiring a great variety of skills and excellence. Therefore, I began to set right priorities whereas education was always the first and the foremost one. Since I did not have a proper and a regular income and could not get money from anyone and anywhere else, I continued working in the nursing home. However, for this, I allocated just enough time to earn a sufficient sum for buying gasoline needed to get to the college by car an
Introduction An action plan is a detailed strategy that outlines activities required to attain a specific objective. It is also referred to as organized steps to execute a certain task effectively. Telehealth uses electronic information and communications expertise to improve long-distance medical services, patient and professional clinical-related training, and public wellbeing management (Van Galen et al., 2019). Some of the technologies employed include the Live video streaming, mobile data applications, and social network platforms (Van Galen et al., 2019). This work details an action plan used to establish telehealth in a rural community. A Background Check on Each Site Since there have not been specialist services for a long time, the first thing to do will be to visit the intended site one by one to assess their suitability and readiness. The latter will enable me to write down all the resources and improvements needed for the project’s success. This phase will involve informing all the workers and the community stakeholders on the new development. The latter will guarantee that all the employees are involved and feel that they are part of the program. Central Communication Point Telehealth is all about communication to get the right specialists to the patients in need. 24-hour running information exchanging base will need to be established. The above-mentioned procedure will ensure that nothing is missed between the patient and the specialist (McClellan et al., 2020). The point will be for setting an appointment with both the physicians and the clients. This section is important because the doctors are not based in the community and will need to see the sick and go back to their main employment areas. Matching the ailing individuals and the physicians’ schedules will be a vital assignment for workers here. Resources and Necessary Equipment The health centers will need to have treatment equipment since doctors will only come with their expertise. My colleagues and I will select the necessary machine compulsory for issues that facing our patients. This is the stage of mobilizing resources through the State government, health administration committee, or non-governmental organizations to acquire enough necessities (Pollard et al., 2017). We will also ensure that hospitals are hygienic for these exercises by ensuring that the available rooms are cleaned. In other clinics, we might also require constructing new building for this purpose since most of them are fully utilized. The Specialists Schedules The rural community needs various types of special treatment; people have various conditions that need different specialists. Some of
Pugin remained an influential figure in the revival of Gothic design. The gothic style gained popularity in the 19 th century and eventually replaced the Classical style of architecture. We shall focus on the success of Pugin in the Gothic revival (Gere and Whiteway, 1993). Gothic is an architectural style with its origin in Europe. It dominated the designs of buildings between the 12 th and 16 th centuries. The gothic style gained popularity from the wealth, power, and inspiration of the church. We can see the Gothic style in church and government buildings, and other town structures (Ferrey, 1978). Kenneth Clarke observed that the Gothic revival led to changes in building designs across the country. He noted that the style changed the face of buildings in England. The design covered churches, townhouses, banks, lodges, insurance companies, and other building structures (Clarke, 1974). The gothic style relies on a definite architectural design that creates patterns resulting in spaces occupied by wide windows. Classical designs used thick walls to provide supports for the building. Conversely, the Gothic style used narrow parts of walls to provide supports for the building. The rest of the building had windows. The design also used buttresses extensively so as to eliminate the need for large walls. This enabled t
The analogy of the cave is Plato’s way of explaining his thoughts on forms. The analogy of the cave is found in Plato’s book called the Republic (Heidegger & Sadler, 2002). Plato presents his analogy by giving an illustration of prisoners in a cave. The focus of this essay is to discuss Plato’s cave analogy. The most interesting thing in the cave analogy is that some people in the community always work hard to become enlightened because through it, they get to understand the reality in life. People grow tired of living in a continuous state of lack of truth, and they begin thirsting for it. The time that a determined person takes to remain in a state of lack of knowledge, and truth is always limited. At one point in life that person gets to discover the truth, and when this happens he can no longer be patient enough to remain in the dark. He is always tempted to embrace the change that comes with that knowledge of the truth. For example, my mother remained in her abusive marriage for long because she was not aware of her rights. When she got tired of the situation she started desiring to get her freedom. This desire led her to the knowledge of the truth about her right not to be abused (Heidegger & Sadler, 2002). However, there are cases where people always remain comfortable with their lack of knowledge, and do nothing to show that they are weary. The prisoners in the cave for example, refused to hear anything about the reality outside the cave, and got angry with the prisoner that had seen the reality (Heidegger & Sadler, 2002). Plato shows that a person can run away from prison to see the reality. In his analogy of the cave, Plato shows that it is possible for a person to escape prison in order to have a taste of the reality. Of the prisoners in the cave there was found one who was impatient, and tired of being a prisoner. Getting out of prison entails a struggle, and the person involved must use much effort to get to freedom (Heidegger & Sadler, 2002). The prisoner that escaped from prison was determined to see the reality, and this determination gave him encouragement to cut off his chains. The struggle was mental and physical as well because the prisoner had never been outside the cave. He had to imagine beyond the shadows he had seen, and use a lot of physical strength to break the chains (Heidegger & Sadler, 2002). Plato shows us that the reality can be very appealing to those who are imaginative, and are eager to know the truth. Those who are not willing to know the truth may have no desire to struggle for anything better. In the analogy of the cave the prisoner is not bothered by the fact that his fellow pri