ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A definition essay seeks to explain the definition of a term and to elaborate on it. A definition essay is commonly used in cases where a new term or concept is introduced. It is used in cases where the student has to be brought to terms with the new term or concept. The definition essay seeks to elaborate on the definition of the term or concept. However, a definition essay rarely goes into in-depth details and is usually limited in its span to the definition, classification, characterization, and basic description of the subject of the essay. A definition essay generally begins by presenting the basic definition of the subject of the essay. This definition is generally either quoted from an authentic source or is based on a class discussion. This approach is adopted in order to ensure that the establishment of the basic definition remains error free. It then moves forth to define the class and category of the subject of the essay without going into extensive details. Often definition essays are small, and concepts in a definition essay are left without clearly elaborating on them. By doing so, the definition essay serves to introduce the new related terms to the student with which the student was previously unaware. As the definition proceeds, provide information relating to the subject of the essay, such as the origin, the history and other such basic elements. In all events, however, the definition essay does not proceed into areas such as underlying conflicts, paradoxes, complexities and the like. While a definition essay may constitute opinions on the subject of the essay as expressed by varying schools of thought, it does not proceed to provide any form of justification for or against any one of them.
Introduction Modern cultural domain in general and media in particular address a multitude of issues representing different populations and their concerns. However, despite the advancement of inclusivity and diversity in education, the workplace, and other spheres, the film and television industry is still a work in progress in terms of equality of representation. The disparities are observed in racial, ethnic, gender, and age-related representation on screen and in the workplace behind cameras. Indeed, according to Eikhof (2017), women are more likely to leave their work in the film-making industry in their 30-40s compared to men. Moreover, as of 2018, in Hollywood, “only 1.3 out of 10 film directors were people of color, and less than 1 out of 10 film directors were female” (“Film Independent Inc.,” 2021, para. 2). This statistic resembles a similar tendency in the population of film writers. Fortunately, multiple nonprofit organizations are working to bridge the gap in diverse populations’ representation in media. One of the most prominent in the USA is Film Independent. The organization’s website might be accessed through the following link. Web. According to the website, Film Independent is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, its primary field of work of which is “help filmmakers make their movies, build an audience for their projects and work to diversify the film industry” (Film Independent, 2021, para. 2). The company aims to make a change in the film-making industry by bringing together professionals and film lovers. The mission of Film Independent is “to champion creative independence in visual storytelling and support a community of artists who embody diversity, innovation, and uniqueness of vision” (Film Independent, 2021, para. 1). The organization initiates numerous projects, programs, events, and meetings to promote diversity in film-making. Organizational Overview As one of the largest nonprofit organizations supporting independent filmmakers, Film Independent has gathered a populous community of members and supporters. The organization was
Introduction According to military principles, all leaders are considered mentors and that is why all soldiers are given equal treatment during training sessions. Such trainings ensure constant and steady circulation of prepared leaders capable of handling numerous strategic situations within the military. Mentoring processes starts at the top leadership within any organization. This ensures that all leaders share same values of the organization as planted in them by their seniors. It calls for high discipline levels since the end results are identified inform of reduced costs and improved services within various sectors (Nyberg et al, 2011). Such demonstrations of high values grants organizational leadership some sense of reprieve since effective performance is assured from every individual. However, business organizations should avoid the habit of promoting individuals to levels which are above their performance levels. This ensures smooth transitions and continuity since communication system is kept mature through flow of creative ideas within the management system. The military style of leadership ensures that employees receive values capable of producing success. These include ability to influence the whole organization into defined actions. Military leadership requires individuals to be firm when faced with unpredictable and rapidly changing circumstances within unfamiliar environments. The conditions for success include unconditional non-indulgence and careful application of aptitude and management skills alongside peculiar adaptability and excellent control mechanisms (Pearsall, 2007). These abilities are mandatory for the success of small businesses within the current concentrated economic global market. Abridged Literature Review Within the current turbulent economic environment, small businesses require strong and focused leadership to succeed. Every business leader has deep concern on how their businesses could flourish within the market. Modern management style borrows most of their core ethics from the military kind of leadership, which also involves command and control mechanisms. According to Small Business Association Office of Advocacy, most of businessmen with previous active experience within the military are successful with self-employment compared to those without. There is necessity of infusing business with an element of military leadership experience to enable efficient execution of business objectives within the market environment. Having business leaders with experiences similar to those of military officers is considered a necessity for business success (Rate of Small Business Failure in the U.S., 2011). Military considers communication to be an integral concept for victory to be realized. Effective communication between team members determines success of any mission. This is also true app
Abstract The book’ Out of Africa’ by Karen Blixen is written in both English and Danish. The book played an important role in securing Karen Blixen a global reputation as one of the famous book of the 20 th century. ‘Out of Africa’ that was written in 1937 by Karen Blixen. This piece of literature is concerned with Karen Blixen’s memoirs. Karen wrote the literature under the fictitious name of Dinesen. Her writings are concerned with the loss of her farm as well as her lover. The book opens with a sentence ‘I had a farm in Africa, at the foot of Ngong Hills’ and this makes it to be one of the famous lines of the 20th century. This line has the effect of setting the sad tone of the book because it introduces the loss theme (Dinesen, 1989). Karen Blixen’s ‘Out of Africa’ which was published in 1938 and Shadows on the Grass which was published in 1961 examines the record of her life during the colonial days in East Africa. These two books dwells more on the attachment she had developed with the land and its native people. It however dwells les son Karen Blixen’s divorce from her husband and the sexually transmitted disease she contracted from her husband. This book constructs Africa as a place where social and gender freedom exists. Karen Blixen is shown in ‘Out of Africa’ as a person who is capable of overcoming challenges that arises. The author is also shown to have the means of curing, educating and guiding natives who lived on her estate. This ability implies that the author acquired some unprecedented powers as a female boss (Dinesen, 1989). However, these powers seemed difficult to understand as they were the source of her troubles such as the financial collapse of her coffee farm Characteristics and events from Karen Blixen’s life that made her a fearless and brave woman The book ‘Out of Africa’ focuses on Karen Blixen as an artist who survived and enjoyed the contradictory demands of the colonial Kenya. The fact that she was able to incorporate the elements of both the African a
Introduction Singapore is rich city-state with high technology in the south eastern part of Asia. It is known for its conservative leaders and highly rigid communal controls. It is connected to the Island of Malaysia through a walkway and viaduct to the south. The general population in Singapore is dominated by the Chinese and has a minority of the Indians and the Malays. Singapore is known as the tiger of the Asia’s economy. The economy of Singapore is driven by the manufacturing of the electronics and financial services. Singapore is a multiparty nation of which the dominant party has been known for using denigration to silence their opponents (BBC News, 2010, Para 1-3). Relationship between Media and politics There exist a strong regulation of media in Singapore to ensure there is no misconduct . According to Rafferty (1989, 34), they have regulated internet access and no one is allowed to own a private satellite dish and censorship is high and common. The media environment is dominated by two major players. A closely linked partner to the party ruling the Singapore Press holdings which has monopolised the newspaper sector and the MediaCorp an affiliate of the state investment which operates the TV and Radio stations (Esposito, 2006, 30). Media and politics relates interchangeably in that the media have a very great impact on political arena and politics highly influence the media. In Singapore, politics have highly affected the media for example the strict regulations put by the ruling party are for maintaining their political interest. They deny their people the right to information by confining the media to certain interest and information. As it is well known that in Singapore there is right to expression which has been suppressed in one way or another by this huge regulatory policy (BBC News, 2010, Para 4-5). In 1959, the ruling party in Singapore got rid of free media. The popular Strait Times was among the media that were got rid off. Today the publications in this nation are used to voice out the government’s interest and voice only. The Straits Times has consequently become an operation under very serious regulations. The media was therefore fully suppressed leading to media expertise moving on to other nations. Those who tend to try their luck end up closing due to the government threats as they try to maintain their interests. Taking an example of the Chinese language newspaper, their four senior staff members landed in jail due glamorizing communism and also due to their involvement in black operation. Most of those newspapers thought of been involved in black operation they were brutally shut down. This was oppressive to the media sector. Consequently, today the media is run by two companies which are under direct control by the state government (Atkins, 2002, 61). The government of Singapore has not only limited its local media but also this control influence from foreign media. They amended the Broadcasting Act such that they would be able to persecute the foreign broadcasters if they interfered with domestic politics. This arose as a result of w
A conflict in any organization occurs when there is an involvement of many parties in duty performance. This happens because the parties concerned have different goals and interests to accomplish. In many organizational structures, different conflicts may arise such as fund allocation, terms of employment, retrenchments and promotions. This mostly occurs when one business is liable to another, such as the government or business partners. The directors and stakeholders of the firm are in charge of decision-making. The employees implement the decision with the help of supervisors or departmental heads. This usually depends on the organizational structure of the individual entity. The structure divides the firm into elements of similar abilities and skills. These elements may include accounts, human resource, and production departments. Firms must always avoid conflict of interest since they cause operational problems (Learmonth, 2006). A conflict may arise when a given department performs better than the others in service delivery to their customers regardless of the underlying drivers. The management will put more effort into this department, and allocate more funds to improve its performance. This creates a conflict of resource allocation since more reflects towards the most delivering department and management may overstate the allocations. More personnel shift to this department and may bring about the conflict among the employees and management, caused by allocation through relations and nepotism. Employees expect the management to give promotions to personnel within the organization. Conflicts arise when a person from outside the business entity takes a position at top management levels (Ury & Fisher, 1998). Businesses also lay off employees in order to decrease expenses. A conflict arises as to which employees to send off. Conflicts of interest also arise from the employee and management duties, where each of them requires jobs to meet deadlines as well as fairness to the employee, so as not to overload them and maintain timing. The organization at which I work is the Carolina Center for Behavioral Health. This institution has conflicts between physicians and clients because it is necessary for numerous interactions to occur between the patient and doctor for better service delivery. This, in turn, causes conflicts to arise from differences in personal expectations, responsibilities and insufficient resources, which are scarce. Conflicts in this institution also arise from among the physicians, the management team and physicians and between other professionals and the physicians (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2010). There arises competition for the scarce resources in the entity, and as to whether personal physicians can act as referrals or which would be the best source of their decision-making. This deteriorates the trust among physicians in re
Introduction The social sciences were designed to study individuals and society and encompass many disciplines, both humanities and STEM ones. Such interaction contributes to the emergence of innovative and groundbreaking theoretical frameworks, methodologies and practices, but creates new scientific problems. One of them is that some anthropological and sociological terms, concepts, and variables are too broad and have too high interchangeability. It could potentially distort the intentions of the researchers and undermine the accuracy of the research. One such interchangeable social work variable with a wide meaning that needs to be clarified is ethnicity (Blakemore, 2019). Another reason this particular term was chosen is the growing popularity of ethnic studies and related courses and classes (Flannery, 2020). This work aims to provide a new conceptual definition for such a complex social variable as ethnicity. What Ethnicity Is The categorization of individuals in terms of ethnicity is based on a combination of primary or inherited aspects, such as race and genetics, and secondary or acquired ones, including language, dialect, culture, religion, tradition, and rites. Inherited elements are called paramount because it is the race and genetics of a person that are the unchangeable influencing internal characteristics of a person. They define to a large extent secondary attributes the individual will obtain in the course of the formation of their ethnic identity. It is crucial to note that the genetic aspect of ethnicity implies not only the genes possessed by a person but also their biological parents and genealogy. Heredity and membership are conceptually close to ethnicity; it means both of these concepts (Onuch & Hale, 2018). This first group of factors describes and explains the category of heredity within ethnicity. The group of acquired aspects of ethnicity is titled secondary because they can potentially be changed. A person may lose or even not obtain some of the elements of their ethnicity during his or her lifetime. An individual may not know the native language of their ethnicity due to growing up and living in a non-native territory or forget it due to moving to another country. The same goes for dialect, culture, religion, rites, and tradition. The reasoning behind why these factors are crucial for defining ethnicity despite their highly changeable status is that they serve as external channels for transmitting information within an ethnic group. They form a sense of membership, a “we-they distinction” crucial for internal ethnic self-identification and external recognition by others (Eriksen, 2019, p. 31). However, one must be careful when studying ethnicity through the prism of religion. Religion is not always an aspect of ethnicity; this is especially true of major religions such as Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. Believers of these and other global faith communities include many ethnic groups. Conclusion This work attempts to provide a conceptual definition of ethnicity. Ethnicity in the social sciences is a combination of primary
Introduction One major concern of strategic management is to determine the composition of corporate strategy. Previous studies on strategy suggest that firms should choose their strategic mix from two distinct strategic approaches. These are exploration strategy related activities or exploitation strategy related activities. Exploration refers to a strategy that is directed towards developing new and unique product market areas. Exploitation on the other hand, is a strategy that is directed towards achieving efficiency and improvements in the current product market areas. Most of the previous studies have been characterized with two opposing sides, some in favour of exploration while others in favour of exploitation as the effective strategy for effective firm performance. However, recent studies determine that both strategies were important to the organizational effective performance based on the contingency theory. The main point of contention has been whether the pursuit of both strategies (hybrid strategy) is beneficial or detrimental to the organizational performance (Auh & Menguc, 2005). On one hand, some scholars have argued that simultaneous pursuit of both strategies is detrimental to the firm’s performance because of the tensions and conflicts resulting from the different approach requirements of the different strategies (Porter, 1996). On the other hand, some scholars have suggested that the tensions can be managed and that the hybrid strategy can bring more benefits to the organization compared to benefits realized when pursuing pure strategies (Tushman & O’Reilly, 1996). Subsequent studies on the effect of hybrid strategy on organizational performance have resulted in a range of results. Some have reported that it has positive results (Spanos, Zaralis & Liokas, 2004), some have reported no effect (Kyriakopoulus & Moorman, 2004), while some have found out that it has negative effects (Thornhill & White, 2007). However, all these findings need to be interpreted cautiously because most of them ignored the role of organizational architecture. To manage the tensions related to the hybrid strategy effectively, it is important to consider an ambidextrous organizational structure. Organizational Ambidexterity This refers to the ability of an organization to simultaneously pursue the hybrid strategy and realize the targeted benefits (Teece, 2007). In order to determine the practicality of this view, it is important to consider some of the four main tensions that are associated with ambidextrous organizations. These are put as research questions that show the gaps which exist as challenges affecting the success of the hybrid concept. First, which is the most appropriate approach of achieving ambidexterity, integration or differentiation? Secondly, where does ambidexterity occur, at individual or organizational level? Thirdly, is it an obligation on the part of organizations to tackle ambidexterity using a dynamic or stat
Introduction The evolution of any community has always been followed by the development of other phenomena that helped it to survive and promoted the appearance of new tools needed to provide the basis for this very growth. Art could obviously be related to the issues of this sort as going along with society it conditions the appearance of new opportunities for self-realization. This process has a great impact on the whole progress and is considered one of the most important elements of the human world. Additionally, art also helped to introduce significant changes to the structure of various communities by highlighting the most nagging problems and emphasizing the necessity of the shift of priorities. In these regards, one should realize the fact that art and society are closely interrelated, and the evolution of one aspect impacts the further development of another greatly introducing significant alterations and promoting the appearance of new perspectives on a certain issue or problem. Analysis When speaking about the current stage of the evolution of society, it is crucial to admit an outstanding impact art has on numerous processes. It obviously impacts all spheres of human activity and very often serves as a certain determinant of the value, necessity, and practical use of a certain issue. Moreover, the last dramatic changes in science and blistering growth of technologies provided numerous opportunities for the creation of the new and improvement of the old kinds of art. For these reasons, modern artists give rise to numerous concerns related to the further development of our society and reconsideration of the outdated approaches. Furthermore, the increased complexity of technologies impacted such arts as photography, cinema, etc. greatly and conditioned their extension. Nowadays, cinema is one of the most popular forms of art which attracts millions of spectators all over the world. That is why it could be used by film directors and producers as a platform to manifest their feelings, emotions, and points of view. Besides, the modern stage of the evolution of cinema could be considered as logic as it meets the most important viewers requirements. Its great visual appeal conditions the rise of the popularity while the simplicity of the