ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction An evaluation of the data in N516 reveals an underlying drunk driving problem in Albuquerque. Furthermore, the data reveals that teenagers play a big role in exacerbation of DWI of offenses in Albuquerque. In the DWI report that driving people develop driving habits and etiquette from a young age, it’s prudent that teenagers especially those that seeking their driving licenses be taken through some mandatory driving program. This will ensure teenagers and young people internalize good driving habits which in the long-term will prove beneficial to efforts against drunk driving. In that regard, it’s imperative if authorities will consider early intervention requiring freshmen in high school students to have mandatory classes on drinking and driving. Through these mandatory classes will ensure every student has exposure to some education concerning DWI which in the long run will ensure a reversal of the DWI offenses trends. Intervention and community needs The proposed intervention requiring mandatory classes for high school freshmen is in line with community needs identified in the N516 report. According to the report, age comes out as one of the factors that play an important role in DWI trends. The report quotes Victoria of MADD who approximates the number of people under 21 years in the US who die in DWI related accidents to be 30,000. According to Victoria, more than half the deaths that involve teenagers involve crashes solely caused by drunk driving. A rough estimate from the above information reveals that teenagers account for nearly 17% of all car related accidents in the US. The same report also cites teenagers as the most affected group in DWI cases after males. Sternheimer (2006, p. 121) also agrees with the above assertion. The N516 report in its nursing intervention section cites teenagers as the most vulnerable group that can easily succumb to the effects of DWI in Albuquerque community. Further to the above statistics, the Century Council paints a grim picture on the DWI situation among the youth in New Mexico. The problem of alcohol among teenagers is quite prevalent in the state of New Mexico and by extension Albuquerque. A study by Century Council covering years 2000-2009 concerning alcohol consumption among teenagers, indicate that 25% of all 12-20 years olds had consumed alcohol the past month (Century Council, 2010). A further 17% had engaged in binge drinking in the past month. Figure from police also indicated a lingering problem among the state’s youth concerning alcohol consumption. The police reports indicate that there were a total of 131 arrests of people under the age of 18 driving under the influence compared to a total of 11,000 for all ages. Additionally, there had been 597 arrests among teenagers relating to breakage of liquor laws compared to a total of 4488 for all
Introduction Charles Marion Russell was a West American artist born in 1864. Russell is greatly referenced for his ability to combine cowboy artistry, with other attributes like history and beauty. Russell recorded approximately 2000 works and incorporated bronze and oil in his paintings. Russell’s collections can be found in C.M. Russell Museum Complex based in Montana. It should also be noted that, Russell was a talented storyteller and author. The works by Russell have realized financial success, as evidenced by the recent purchase of Piegans painting at $5.6 million, in the year 2005 Discussion Russell identified with art even when he was young. He demonstrated interest in wild art, as he made sketches and molded animals using clay. His interest in wild adventure was evidenced by the early stage that he learnt to ride horses. It should be noted that, Russell dropped out of school when he was only sixteen years and found a job in a ranch based in Montana. Russell’s job in the Montana ranch was not long-lived, as he relocated to Judith Basin and became a hunter. It was at Judith Basin, that Russell became acquainted with Western norms. Russell led his career in Montana where he died in 1926. As a cowboy, Russell depicted weather conditions at Judith Basin by painting. Russell’s career began in 1888 after he made a sketch he named ‘Waiting for a Chinook’. Russell later improved the painted version of this sketch. During this period, Russell interacted with people of Blackfeet and became well versed with the Blacks’ norms. Russell returned to Judith Basin in1889, where he noted increase in settlements. He began working as full time artist in a studio and developed his career intensively. Russell married an eighteen year old girl when he was at age of thirty two. After his marriage he relocated to Great Falls. Most of his works were done in Great Falls and his reputation spread locally and internationally. His wife Nancy played a crucial role in success of Russell. Nancy did not only pose in the image of Keeoma 3, but also engaged in a lot of marketing for Russell’s art especially in America and United Kingdom. Wild Horse Hunters One of the notable works by Russell was the Wild Horse Hunters he painted in 1913. The painting featured people chasing after untamed horses. Russell used beauty of form and color to highlight his painting. The bands that are chasing after the wild horses are led by stallions. In this painting, Russell used background of mountains and other features he had sketched while in Judith Basin. The use of untamed horses symbolized the unrefined Western culture that was spreading to other regions. Most scholars accredit this piece of work by Russell for the aspect of humor it assumes. The Medicine Man The Medicine Man was also celebrated
Introduction The article by Lindblom (1959) discusses the possible approaches to the decision-making process in the field of public administration. The author focuses on two principal methods – the root method, more commonly known as a rational-comprehensive method, and the branch one, defined in the academic literature as an incremental method (Lindblom, 1959). While the author points to the advantages of both approaches, he ultimately advocates for the use of the second one, which in the context of public administration is less resource- and time-consuming, allows focusing on solutions that do not deviate significantly from the existing direction, and is more realistic in terms of human capabilities. Main body It is important to acknowledge that neither of the approaches is an innovation introduced by the author. Both were well-established and recognized in the academic circles and widely used in systems analysis, statistical decision theory, operations research, and other fields that required solutions to complex problems (). Therefore, the author’s accomplishment is not in providing new means of problem-solving, but rather in highlighting the advantages of the less favored approach and outlining a framework that would allow for its successful and effective usage. In addition, the weaknesses of the root method identified by Lindblom (1959) allow us to avoid pitfalls and allocate resources more efficiently in the process of making decisions. It is also important to point out that the article was written more than half a century ago, which may suggest that the conclusions made by the author are outdated. The introduction of IT-based analysis and the growing calculation capacity of statistical platforms make the rational-comprehensive method more attainable in the field of modern public administration. Nevertheless, it should be understood that at least some issues complicate it even today. For instance, the ambiguity caused by the lack of clear distinction between roots (pursued values and goals) and branches (means of reaching the identified goals) is certainly beyond the capacity of current IT-based solutions. Therefore, the rational-comprehensive method would still rely on the analysis of an expert. In addition, there is no doubt that in many instances the implementation of costly and sophisticated solutions would exceed the reasonable budget. The scarcity of resources was identified by Lindblom (1959) as one of the central problems in the field of public administration, and it can be argued that the situation has not dramatically improved since then. Thus, the incremental approach described in the article is as relevant today as it was at the time of the publication, and most of the advantages remain crucial in the modern setting. Finally, the framework proposed by the author allows for a consistent and systematic approach to decision-making that compensates for the alleged lack of scientific integrity of the branch
Liquidity is a feature of an asset that is characterized by its ability to be sold at the market and turned into cash. The banking industry uses loans and other financial obligations as assets that can be used to generate income. Securitization is a form of activity of a bank that is aimed at increasing the liquidity of the bank’s assets. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between securitization and liquidity of banks and discuss changes in the field of global securitization after the financial crisis of 2008. Securitization and liquidity Securitization is a source of additional liquidity for the banks, and this instrument allows them to sell their assents to a third party (Arif, 2017). The process provides a way to generate cash by selling financial obligations such as mortgages. As banks combine a set of existing assets with relatively low liquidity together and create one flow of income, it lowers the risks of non-payment that is associated with individual loans (Kara, Ozkan, and Altunbas, 2016). It allows creating a single portfolio of loans that is much more attractive for potential buyers due to reduced risks (Neumann 2017a). It allows banks to turn long-term, and thus less liquid, financial obligations into highly liquid assets that can be readily sold (Aarons, Ender, and Wilkinson, 2019). Thus, securitization helps to reduce the number of illiquid assents, which results in improving the position of the bank. Empirical data reinforces the theory and provides evidence that supports the relationship between a bank’s liquidity and securitization. Research has shown that securitization has a positive impact on the performance of banks, decreasing credit risks and increasing profits (Ghosh, 2018). The process has been shown to have a positive influence on diversification and leverage capital, providing a source of stability for the bank (Ghosh, 2018). These relationships play a central role in the application of securitization before, during, and after the world financial crisis of 2008. The Crisis of 2008 The economic recession of 2008 had a profound effect on all aspects of the world’s economy and had an especially significant negative impact on the banking sector. Excessively relaxed credit standards and low-risk retention together with overly optimistic expectations and high demand for housing led to the formation of a real estate babble (Senarath, 2017). As more and more debtors started failing to repay their mortgages, the system fell into a vicious cycle, leaving the creditor banks with high numbers of unpaid loans. To prevent the economy from collapse, regulatory institutions increased control over the banking activity, creating additional restrictions (Neumann 2017a). As a result, the sector experienced a series of interrelated shocks that limited their ability for development and increased the risks associated with banking. Together with the tendency of the loans losing their at
Synthesis There are various versions that society has of morality. Moral nihilism is a doctrine that suggests that human beings are not inherently moral. It infers that any moral values that people contrive are abstract in nature and not necessary, just like rules and laws. As a result, nihilism begets the assumption that life has no purpose or intrinsic value. The abstractness of any moral aspect developed by society means that no action can earns the description of morally right or wrong, creating a sense of subjectivity. The classification of an action as moral or immoral depends on the circumstances and the viewpoint of the person making the classification. As such, this theory provides room to accommodate the concept of necessary evil, as opposed to theories such as absolute morality that suggests that actions are either absolutely moral or immoral, with no station between the two. There are situations and actions that cannot fit into the morality envelope perfectly and therefore society has to accept them as they are. This paper looks at situations in which some level of evil is necessary, if only to prevent greater evil. Authors Ursula K. Le Guin and Mike Davis both display the concept of necessary evil in their literature. Ursula is the author of a short story with the title The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas. It is a story with many twists, contributing to its aspect of mystery. The author gives a story about a city called Omelas, located near a harbor and surrounded by mountains. Omelas is a perfect city with located in a perfect place where the wind is just right. The people in the city are perfect by description. They are always happy, ever singing and in a celebratory mood (Guin 566). There is not an ounce of guilt in anyone in that city as the people that live in it do not do anything wrong and the society is not judgmental therefore negating the need for laws. There is also the notable absence of clergy and law enforcement officials such as soldiers (Guin 568). She suggests to the reader to imagine all the elements that make a society perfect, including temples with priestesses who are willing to satisfy anyone’s sexual desires. Omelas is therefore a creation of the mind that takes any form according to the reader’s imagination. She however mentions a dark side to the society, which is the imprisonment and abuse of a child, locked in a dark room with no clothes and no one to free it (Guin 570). She goes further to state that the seemingly perfect society does so in order to maintain the status quo. The act Mike Davis, the author of The Great Wall of Capital embraces the same concept of necessary evil in his discussion about the various barriers that s
Over its long history, the health care system in the United States has faced many new rules that referred to service delivery, patient-practitioner relationship, the use of equipment, and others. One should note that the attitudes toward illness and the ill also altered depending on opinions that were widespread in society. Significant shifts have happened over the post-Civil War period to the present. Thus, the principal purpose of this paper is to explain why some sick people were considered guilty of contracting their illness, while others were seen as innocent victims and how their roles developed. The development of society is closely connected with that of medicine. When racism and discrimination were widespread phenomena, they were present in the health care industry. In the late 19 th -early 20 th century, white and wealthy Americans believed that it was necessary to control the inflow of immigrants and the poor. It was so because those individuals were considered responsible for the spread of favus or trachoma in America (Warner & Tighe, 2001). In addition to that, Terence Powderly, Commissioner-General of Immigration, admitted that all immigrants are a burden for the United States and American taxpayers (Warner & Tighe, 2001). Furthermore, he insisted on the fact that the immigrants were responsible for the spread of the diseases under consideration. It was so because Americans had not been familiar with either Favus or Trachoma “until the tide of immigration swelled up” (Warner & Tighe, 2001, p. 242). As a result, American officials decided that it was a useful solution to prohibit selling steamship tickets in Asia and Europe to people suffering from any of the diseases. It indicates that the US thought that sick immigrants were enemies of the nation’s well-being. In the same period, there existed a belief that African Americans were responsible for the spread of tuberculosis among whites because African Americans were servants in wealthy homes. L. C. Allen insisted on the fact that the “disease among the negroes is a danger to the entire population” (Warner & Tighe, 2001, p. 250). Racism played an essential role in Allen’s supposition because he considered African Americans guilty persons who spread the illness among whites irrespective of the fact that tuberculosis did not have any racial preferences. In addition to that, Allen tried to explain that the abolition of slavery had adverse consequences for the health of African Americans. He stipulated that free representatives of that minority group lived in dirty conditions and witnessed “more sickness and inefficiency and crime” (Warner & Tighe, 2001, p. 250). The ideas above reflect Allen’s subjective view of the problem. However, Allen also demonstrated humane opinions as to how to solve the issue. Instead of offering to isolate African Americans or expel them from the country, the Georgia Physician explained that it was necessary to cure them. He admitted that it was rational to invest in the education of African Americans to help them prevent the
Abstract For a society to be sustainable in the short run and in the long run, it needs to ensure that its members are safe from any dangers that might arise from within or outside of the society. To achieve this goal, all nations around the globe have developed various law enforcement agencies to guarantee security to its citizens as well as any other individual who might be within their jurisdiction. In the Emirates, the Abu Dhabi Police is the main law-enforcing agency. However, due to its centralized organization structure and poor e-service technology, the force has failed to meet the needs and requirements of the people it serves. It has been recommended however, that the force adopts modern e-government mechanisms that will improve the efficiency of communication and accountability within the force. Organization The Abu Dhabi Police is the main law enforcement agency within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (Ghayur 1020). The police force is under the directives of His Highness Lieutenant General Sheikh Saif Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Deputy Prime Minister (Basu113). The vision of the Abu Dhabi Police is to ensure that it meets the needs of the public through effective training and integrity. Thus, its core values are integrity, honesty, justice, and the respect of the rights of every individual irrespective of their race, religion, or background. The Abu Dhabi Police operates under the Ministry of Interior. However, to ensure that its operations are effective and efficient, it has collaborated with local, national, and international organizations to ensure that the law has been enforced to the latter, public safety is guaranteed, and law and order is maintained. These are essential factors that determine the peace and security of the Emirates. Characters To ensure that the operations of the police force are efficient, Abu Dhabi police force has adopted a centralized form of organization structure. The Commander General Ismail Khattab, heads the police force with the help of his deputy, Zainab Khadija. Below him are the department heads of various departments and service centers that are supported by their deputies in their operations. Despite the fact that the Abu Dhab
Park Street Church is a historical church and is located on the Freedom Trail in Boston. It was established in 1809 in being an upholder of Trinitarian Orthodox practices as against the fast increasing Unitarian movements. The Church has always played a very significant role in the political and religious history of Boston. What I saw upon visiting the remarkable structure of the Park Street Church in Boston would always stay in my memories as a unique and knowledgeable experience. The church is a landmark in Boston with its 217 feet steeple which was for a long period the tallest structure in Boston. I was informed that the steeple along with the different aspects of the architecture was inspired by the design of the St Paul’s Cathedral in London and was designed by the architect Christopher Wren. The architecture of Park Street Church is conventionally Puritan and has an ascetic decoration with a pulpit at the center to stress the significance of preaching. The interior of the church initially had built-in box pews which were replaced by the row pews in 1880, which exist to this day. It is quite strange for a Puritan church to have a single stained glass window which was installed in 1904. It was surprising to note that in order to hide the flamboyance of the stained glass; it was covered with a plain glass window so as to prevent the colorful design from being visible from the street. As visitors, we were permitted to have a look around the church where volunteers were present to answer any questions that we had about the church. We were also shown a five-minute film that explained the rich history of the congregation. Several photographs were displayed along the hall that gives a glimpse of the historical events associated with the church, the most remarkable being the draping of the church in black after the assassination of President Lincoln. Palk Street Church was built by 26 conservative Christians in 1809. At the time of its founding, the Articles of Faith and Government were written in being the mission of the church. Park Street Church is known to have been built in a very short time and was consecrated within a year of its completion. In the initial years Sunday services formed an important part of the church’s business a