ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Health care system is the cornerstone of a nation’s success, unless a nation is healthy physically, mentally and socially, she can not be healthy financially or economically. There have been a continue delivery of hard work, efforts, and newly designed strategies in making the health care system of USA satisfactory but there still have been areas where we are lacking. It is a multidirectional area and obviously needs a multidisciplinary approach to it but still there are areas where the impact of intervention can be very effective and that are health care system invention and its delivery. Main body Health resources department and management bodies are the ones dealing with health care system designing and refining but even in the design and implementation, implementation is rather more important due to certain reason. If we are tracing back our design we can easily do that from the written record, designed and approved schematic documents but if we want to know how it was delivered then that requires a lot more than just reviewing documents. If designing is an office theoretical work then delivery of the decided system is a more practical work and is done in the field. In health care system for designing one there are different bodies involved like administration, management, human resources, and a lot more on the administration side but when it comes to the delivery of it then nursing staff is primarily involved and then doctors. In order to ensure a good flow of a good health care provision it is very important to make sure that nursing practice is up to the standard. In order to understand all this and the importance of it, it is highly required to define clearly what a health care system is? How is it designed? Who is it required for? What will be the advantages and disadvantages of wrong implementation of it? What milder measure can make it better without causing major changes in the system? In order to deal with health care system to transform it into one of the best ones it needs to be taken as a system first in general and then specificities are addressed and taken care of. Calling it a medical filed from the beginning will leave a lot of issues unattended in it which will lead to a failure of the system in long term. “There exist models, principles, and laws that apply to generalized systems or their subclasses, irrespective of their particular kind, the nature of their component elements, and the relation or ‘forces’ between them. It seems legitimate to ask for a theory, not of systems of a more or less special kind, but of universal principles applying to systems in general”(Bertalanffy,V.L 1986). After this is done a system is dealt with in general then we need to define our population and their needs and then according to that we should modulate the general system into a somewhat more specific one according to the needs and demands. “ Ideas confine a man to certain social groups and social groups confine a man to certain ideas. Many ideas are more easi
The three fundamental concepts of security are availability, integrity, and confidentiality. These concepts are commonly referred to as CIA or AIC triad which form the main role of any security program. Confidentiality prevents unauthorized disclosure of company’s data and ensures secrecy of the company’s data and information. Confidentiality should be maintained at all times while data is within the company’s network or during transmission through the network to its destination (Parikka 2007). Threat sources associated with confidentiality include network Monitoring, monitoring key strokes or screen, stealing of password files, social engineering. Countermeasures are encrypting data during storage and transmission by using network padding, employing strict access control mechanisms and data classification, training personnel on proper procedures. Associated threat sources include viruses, logic bombs and backdoors. Countermeasures include strict access control, intrusion detection and hashing. Availability ensures reliability and accessibility to data and resources to authorized individuals, malicious attacks and threats. There is a set of mechanisms used by firewalls to protect networks from unauthorized access and allowing access to the authorized once. Below is a figure of a firewall. The company has two working firewalls, threats associated with firewalls, as software, include penetration, i.e. hackers being able to get into the companies machines (Ludwig 1996). This may be a result of a misuse of the software (Firewall) where the firewall is configured or modified by a person who doesn’t understand internet security or it is turned off. As a result
In this work, the advantages and disadvantages of places for the dying for ill people, precisely a home and a hospital, are considered. Dying is a physically and psychologically stressful process that significantly affects both a terminally ill person and his or her family and loved ones. However, relatives without qualifications and medical facilities cannot provide such care. For this reason, they face severe stress due to the inability to alleviate the suffering of a loved one and the need to be near him or her constantly. Such conditions affect the quality of care due to the high physical and emotional pressure; hence, caregivers preferences are just as crucial as the wishes of a dying person. Consequently, the hospital is a suitable place for dying, since the patients can receive high-quality care, and at the same time decrease the stress of their loved ones, which provide them with greater emotional support. Death is an integral part of the life cycle; however, often, it is not quick and painless as people die from chronic and dangerous diseases. Medicine offers palliative care to make the last days of a person less painful and more comfortable. For the same reason, many patients prefer dying at home, since they believe their own place will bring them more psychological comfort. At the same time, the preferences of the caregivers about are as critical as the desire of the patients, since the quality of the last days of the dying person’s life depends on their support. However,
The European expansion can be traced back to the 14 th century during the age of discovery. The emerging nation-states in Europe competed amongst each other and this led to the great expansion of the European economy. During the same period, China did not take advantage of its capability to expand from its well-established power, technology, and also good economic base. The economy of the Europeans expanded both in terms of trade and also farming. With time there was a great quest for more markets and also fertile lands where they could expand their trade. This involved expanding the economy of the European community outside the borders. The Europeans were therefore involved in capturing other economies and populations. During this period there were mercantile policies that guided how the expansion was to be carried out. The sole goal of the policies was to find very secure markets and trade for very profitable goods. The goods which dominated the market included precious metals, manufactured goods, and also addictive drugs. During the time of the renaissance in Europe, centralized European nation-states were formed. This acted as a catalyst to military and economic competition (Erik, p22). The trade for spices and drugs dominated the market and this was the main source of economic growth. European expansion is greatly associated with the Portuguese who were involved in the trade of spices in Africa. The Portuguese had dominated the route of trade and transportation voyages to Africa. They protected the route from being invaded by other powers such as the Spanish who were forced to look for other markets in the west. The Spanish later discovered precious metals in large quantities which challenged the trade of spices. This encouraged other Europeans to seek discoveries of precious metals around the continent. The period also saw the introduction of plantations such as growing tobacco and sugarcane. However, the trade of precious metals enriched Europe through exports of manufactured goods (O’brien, p16). As the goods became saturated in the market, there was a growing need for other markets, and this lead to the search of routes of trade overseas. The British Merchant vessels traveled long distances looking for new markets. The European expansion saw the immigration of the European communities to other territories especially in the 16 th a
Describing the diversity of human differences in the United States, it is impossible to omit the factor of immigration which plays a great role in the social development of the country. Comparing the number of people who obtained legal permanent resident status in 1950 and 2011, the difference is great, 205,717 in 1951 and 1,062,040 in 2011 (2011 year book of Immigration statistics: Office of immigration statistics, 2012). During 60 years much has changed. Many people go to America searching for better life. Sometimes it seems that the USA has much less Native Americans if compared to immigrants. The USA was something like the oasis where better life was promised, therefore people went there in the future and now many people all over the world immigrate to the USA to live better and to assist their relatives who stayed at home. Looking at the USA and its social diversity, many scholars refer to numerous metaphors in describing current situation in relation to the immigration and diversity. Calling the USA as a mosaic, a melting pot, a salad bowl or a kaleidoscope, different scholars want to express their vision of the situation in the USA. Vincent and Parrillo (2010) in their book Strangers to These Shores: Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States called US diversity mosaic. Meaning a variety of ethic and cultural groups in the USA, the author also wanted to stress on t
Introduction Prostitution is recognized as one of the oldest professions in the world, and the practice of renting and hiring female bodies for certain monetary compensation has existed in human community for thousands of years. Regardless of the prolonged history of sex industry, it has been ignored until recently because of moral considerations. Blaming sex workers for their choice and regarding them inferior to other people, the community and legislators disregarded the instances of their assaults, not providing them with the necessary protection. The negative attitude of the community and the criminalization of sex works made workers of his industry vulnerable and susceptible for the physical assaults of men in the street, their customers and even policemen. Not answering the question whether a woman offering sex services in the street deserves being assaulted directly, most people do not care much of destiny of street workers and prefer to ignore the existing problem. Rooted deep in the cultural beliefs on feminine victimization, social realities of disparity between the salaries of men and women and the legal framework criminalizing the sex industry or not giving it serious consideration, the problem of the increased vulnerability of street workers cannot be regulated through imposing certain policy measures only. Undergoing the influence of the normative ideas about appropriate gender roles, the social and criminal justice responses to sex work diminish the basic human and civil rights of street workers, exposing them to the increased risks of m
Introduction Expansion into a foreign market is often associated with numerous benefits in terms of performance and profitability. However, the process is also associated with significant risks due to a host of unfamiliar and factors and a low suitability of the environment. To minimize the said risks, it is necessary to create an entry strategy based on the available data. The following report provides the recommendations for the Bush’s Best Baked Beans’ entry in the Egyptian market. Company Profile Bush’s Best Baked Beans is a brand owned by Bush Brothers and Company, a corporation producing a variety of canned beans and other products such as green peas and hominy (Bush Brothers and Company). The company operates primarily in the United States and Canada and is responsible for more than 80 percent of the baked beans sold in the domestic market (Bush Brothers and Company). The success of the brand in the United States has prompted the company to seek the opportunities to expand to the foreign markets. Country Analysis Industry and Economic Development The economy of Egypt has undergone a significant transformation in the recent decades, primarily due to the proactive stance of the government. Currently, the country’s economy is based on a free market system. While the government is still in control of a significant proportion of the economy, a positive trend is observed towards its liberalization (Nations Encyclopedia). In addition, the government has managed to achieve a relative stability in the economic development, indicated by a steady annual growth of gross domestic product by an average of 4% (Nations Encyclopedia). However, it should be mentioned that the described positive tendency is primarily due to support from the United States and the European Union, and the pace of improvement has considerably slowed down in the recent years due to the recession of Gulf economies. Thus, the economy cannot be considered favorable for the international entry. Public and Private Enterprise As was mentioned above, the Egyptian government has taken a proactive stance towards the development of private enterprise in the country. Currently, the state-owned entities are not allowed to receive preferential treatment from the g
Cleaning products consist of household products and skin care products. Household cleaning products include glass cleaners, toilet cleaners, floor cleaners, shower sprays, laundry powders, dish washing detergents, fly sprays and oven cleaners, while skin care products include make-ups, shampoos, soaps and perfumes (Mcdermott, 2012). Our body and skin comes into contact with these products often through direct or indirect touch.. This paper discusses the effects of cleaning products on the human’s body and skin, the process in which these chemicals get absorbed into the body, diseases caused by cleaning products and how to prevent the skin while using these products. Most household and skin cleaning products have negative effects on human health, since they have harmful toxins. To hide the massive amount of chemicals and toxins they hold, manufacturers make sure that these products have lovely perfumes. Such manufactures only seek to make profits, while ignoring the health and wellbeing of consumers. According to Hill (2010), the main negative effects of cleaning products include lung problems and skin irritation. Irritation causes the skin to itch, redden, or swell (Hill, 2010). This irritation stops when exposure ends. Nevertheless, an irritant that is also an allergen poses more severe problems. If allergenic chemical exposure occurs for the first time to an allergic person, the skin reacts and then recovers after exposure stops similar to a non-allergenic person. On the other hand, if the sensitive person experiences constant exposures, the reaction develops in severity and reaction takes place with reduced amounts. An example of a household cleaning product that is both an irritant and an allergen is formaldehyde. Hill (2010) also explains that some cleaning products may have systematic effects on the skin. These effects occur after absorption and circulation of chemical substances in the body. According to Hill (2010), the antibiotic neomycin is responsible for indirect effects. Another negative effect of cleaning products on human body and skin is that they can affect lungs. Reactive gases like ozone, chlorine, or formaldehyde (household products) can directly spoil lungs and mucous membranes in the eyes and nose (Hill, 2010).. Besides, airborne elements such as silica coal, asbestos, or even powder can directly harm the lungs, if used too liberally, and their adverse effects are severe or mild. Inhalation of dust may just irritate in the short run, but chronic contact can interfere with function of lungs. Long-term exposure to silica dust causes silicosis, while coal dust causes black lung disease and cotton dust brown lung disease (Hill, 2010). Similarly, organic liquids can harm the lungs. Inadvertent inhalation of a liquid solvent of gasoline can harm lungs severely or cause fatality. In addition, Stellman (1998) explains that Ammonia solvents, which clean grease, cause irritation to the eyes and skins. She also mentions that other
The notion of bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQ) refers to the legal term meaning “in good faith”, which expresses the intentional discrimination that is normal for the provision of certain business operations. For example, a female military applied for work at the military service may receive the refusal because of her gender, since the combat position she applied for is accessible only for men. In this case, discrimination is legal as it corresponds to BFOQ. This concept is important in jurisprudence, especially when using the law of justice. However, the mentioned concept does not concern such issues as race and ethnicity (Berman, 2000). The debates around the privacy and appropriateness of BFOQ are rather controversial. This paper aims at providing convincing arguments to abolish BFOQ in the military because it contradicts the Civil Acts Right and fair employment. First, by allowing some cases of class discrimination, BFOQ acts as an exception to Title VII of the Civil Acts Right accepted in 1964 (Shaman, 1971). It violates fair employment practices, focusing on the applicants’ sex, religion, or nation. The use of the given regulation is based on the outdated doctrine of sex classification that cannot be considered correct nowadays. The fact that men and women have different bodies should not serve as a distinguishing factor and leave any of them without a good job. In many cases, sex and religion constitute the cultural peculiarities, yet not the innate ones. For example, it is important to mention the situation with women and handicapped. The mentioned categories often have to encounter the refusal for combat positions that are caused by their specific physical characteristics. Second, BFOQ neglects functional abilities, focusing instead on class attributions in extenso. As noted by Shaman (1971), “employment truly to be considered according to their abilities rather than their class status” (p. 341). The situation is complicated by the fact that there is no clear definition of laws related to class categorization. In this regard, it is possible to agree with Shaman (1971), who claims that the Constitution should prohibit those laws that allow classification by sex or nation. As a result, the status of the potential employees would be clearer, and there would be no need to use BFOQ. The paramount goal of abolishing BFOQ is the achievement of employment equality, which can be accomplished only in case if all applicants would have an equal opportunity to be hired. Third, the elimination of BFOQ would not force military employers to hire unqualified staff members. According to the views expressed by Berman (2000), many supporters of this proviso consider that BFOQ is advantageous for applicants as well as for employers. They believe that the latter benefit from the opportunity to hire only experienced specialists. Title VII does not force employers to act in the mentioned manner, a
Introduction Sports violence refers to inappropriate and harmful behavior portrayed and acted by fans, players, coaches and other stakeholders, which is related to the sporting incidences or events and that which violates the rules and regulation of sports and leading to physical injury of an individual. The most distinguished character of violence is that it is initiated and/or propagated with a view to imparting harm on the opponent, another individual or property which is as a result of reactive aggression which has some emotional characteristic. Aggression, which lacks emotional component and which seeks to accomplish a particular task is referred to as instrumental aggression (Leonard, 165). Increased spectatorship of sports continues to be experienced in major types of sports where aggression may expectedly or otherwise arise leading to fatal or non-fatal injuries, deaths or damage to property. Many countries continue to rely on sports for income generations which means that sports is here to stay. There have been traditional notions focused as concerns the causes of the violence. Violence in sports is not only dangerous to the participating team fans, team players and other stakeholders but is also a show of lack of maturity in sporting and spectatorship. There have been proposed recommendations as pertaining reduction of aggression in sports in an effort to reduce sports violence. This paper discusses the issue of violence in sports by first looking at the history of sports as associated to violence, causes of sports violence and violence as a whole. The paper considers other issues of sports and violence such as ways of reducing aggression, current and past research on the subject matter, and any other useful subtopics. History of sports as relates to violence Greeks are reportedly among the nations that first expressed ideal athletics sports with the aidos (fair, dignified characteristics, modesty) characteristic, although general sports is said to have flourished during the Roman Empire and characteristic of expanding arenas and stadiums. History indicates that the sports in Greek involved bribery and corruption, and the principle of sport violence was endorsed as a social norm and accepted during the Roman Empire. The most appealing forms of entertainment in the past have been reported as fictional and non-fictional violence (Kerry). Letting off steam through a cathartic experience (in watching violent soccer for aggression reduction) has been refuted by Wann et al (197-198) for lack of empirical evidence. This is a point that has been shared by other people on the subject matter. Today, sports have been marred with violence with bloody scenes, court cases on perpetration of violence and other misconduct. Recently, there is increasing evidence of presence of hatred towards violence among the stakeholders in sports, thoughtfully because of the consequences involved among other things. Causes of violence range from decision of the referees to increased negativity among the fans; there is need therefore to engage in ex