ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Film/Cinema, in the context of movies and documentaries, is a modern visual art form that has had intense impact on our daily life for humanity has profoundly been affected by what it sees and hears via film or the motion picture experience. It utilizes the concept of simple story telling via a mesmerizing technical medium and its ability to influence is rooted in the utilization of images/impressions and imagery. Cinema has a social as well artistic function. Although the demand for imaginative entertainment is at an all time high, interest in the realities of the world is also on the rise. Documentaries address this interest because they are comprised of real people, world events, places, and social conditions – documenting history, reality. British film maker, John Grierson first coined the term in 1926. Prior to 1926, such films were referred to as “actuality” films and came on the scene at the turn of the 20 th century as well. Like American director, D.W. Griffith’s film The Birth of a Nation/The Clansman (1915), German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will (1934) was considered masterful/innovative and ground-breaking for documentary filmmaking at that time. Triumph garnered her the accolade as one of the greatest female filmmakers of all time but most infamous. Chronicling the Nazi Party Congress held in Nuremberg (1934), Triumph of the Will (1935) catapulted the documentary as mode of propaganda designed to specifically argue a point and influence public opinion. “Documentary cinema is intimately tied to historical memory. Not only does it seek to reconstruct historical narrative, but it often functions as an historical document itself. Moreover, the connection between the rhetoric of documentary film and historical truth pushes the documentary into overtly political alignments which influence its audience (1993Rabinowitw).” Triumph of the Will lionized Germany as a recurring superpower with Hitler at the helm as the authentic leader/savoir. This fundamental thematic message can be found in opening prologue – “ 20 years after the outbreak of the World War, 16 years after the beginning of German suffering, 19 months after the beginning of the German renaissance, Adolf Hitler flew again to Nuremberg to review the columns of his faithful followers ( Triumph ).” The opening scene further substantiates the message with an aerial view of Hitler’s plane flying through the majestic clouds and over various parts of Germany. He finally arrives in Nuremberg greeted by ecstatic supporters. The consequence of war is a people spiritually, mentally, and physically downtrodden and inept. Riefenstahl’s revolutionary use of cinematography (telephoto lenses, aerial photography, moving cameras, etc.) and music (German composer, Richard Wagner) epitomizes this escalating German Renaissance which has freed the German people f
Normally, the company’s regulations with regards to mentoring and supervision are designed to prevent the personal involvement of the supervisors and avoid their bias against the new workers. If these rules were indeed in place, the HR department, as well as the management, are responsible for handling instances of employee misconduct. An investigation should be performed by the HR staff using re-tests and interviews to determine if there was indeed a bias against the supervisee. If the supervisor was biased, she should be punished according to the company’s procedure for cases of moderate misconduct. The timeline for the investigation should not exceed three to four weeks, and the punishment should be executed within a week of investigation results.
Introduction Deviance is an act perceived to be against one cultural belief and the act cannot be tolerated. Deviance acts are different from one community to another and also can vary depending on generational time. For example, the homosexuality is allowed in American society, but in Africa the act is seen as satanic and can make the victims to be stoned to death. In some decades ago, divorce was seen to be against the rule of the church society, but with modernization, divorced has grown to be accepted as part of marriage life (Lukes 28). Crime is an act that is against the norm of a society and the registered law of the entire country. If a person breaks a certain section of a country law, there is a correction sanction to that person. A person is usually taken to the court of law where the offence is listened to, by the judge and the person is either proven guilty or innocent. A criminal can be put in jail for some time or for life, sentenced to death and even pay some money as a penalty (Lukes 28). A country law which is constitution is mostly formed by the parliament of that country. Sociological perspective Introduction . Sociologists have tried to understand crime and deviance in different ways. Most of the ancient sociologists have come up with different sociological perspectives that try to explain crime and deviance. Emile Durkheim came up with rule of sociological methods that explained crime as part of society norms. Durkheim believed crime to be higher in modernized and industrialized society as compared to less modernized. In industrialized society, division of labor is the norm of life and each person is exposed to different work experiences (Moyer 54). Division of labor exists in two ways, one is mechanical solidarity whereby the members of the society are similar and the organic solidarity in which society members creates a relationship among themselves through the division of labor. As in the division of labor, society people have different influences and situational experiences that distinguish one person from the other. The personal differences make some people to be criminals and other to be good. No society lacks deviance or crime however perfect it could be. Every community has norms and traditions that put the members together and if the norms are broken, there is state of anomie and lawlessness. Advantages of the perspective . Durkheim argued that besides division of labor helping to make production rise and improve the human capital it also possessed a moral character that created a sense of solidarity in humans. He explained with a married couple arguing that sexual desire would only exist after the material life has disappeared if the division of labor was to be reduced between the marriage partners. Durkheim suggest
Introduction Domestic or family violence involves abusive behavior patterns that individuals go through in an intimate relationship. Domestic violence takes place in families where parents may abuse their children or in marriages where one spouse abuses the other. The term domestic violence is defined by American Medical Association Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines on Domestic Violence (AMADTGDV) as the state, in which powerful individuals in an intimate relationship dominate, misuse their power and victimize the less powerful. Some of the factors that maintain power differences include differences in financial positions, age differences and state of health. Powerful people use their position to intimidate and control the less fortunate people. According to Buzawa and Buzawa (2003), some people go the extent of using physical violence. Although all people can experience domestic violence, the most affected are women. Husbands and boyfriends in a relationship are the main perpetrators of violence while girl friends and women end up being the victims. Violence against women is a major problem all over the world in the present days. This is because the number of women abused and misused by their husbands increases from day to day. Men act as victims of domestic violence in other cases. For instance, in homosexual relationships, powerful men victimize their fellow men. Domestic violence is a major problem that many people overlook and term as a family issue. Its impacts can however be much more than people may think. Domestic violence has major impacts to families and societies. The main aim of this paper is to determine the reason behind the rapid increase of domestic violence, forms of domestic violence and measures that should be taken to reduce its effects (Aron, Aron & Coups, 2011). Problem Statement Domestic violence is an important topic that should be clearly understood by people. The topic is very important because many problems arising in modern societies are because of domestic violence. Women, children and the whole society feel the effects of domestic violence. This makes it a society’s matter of concern. Domestic violence against children is common in many societies. For instance, in the United States of America, it is estimated that more than three million children experience domestic viol
Many researchers have proved the fact that creativity and dishonesty may have something in common. People are eager to cheat in order to achieve something, succeed in the chosen activities, or just follow personal demands. For example, Gino and Wiltermuth (2014) admit that creative and dishonest behaviors of people are united by the idea of breaking the rules, and those people, who cheat, are considered to be more creative than noncheaters. In their project, the authors underline the idea that the link between these two behaviors may be explained in a variety of ways: by means of subsequent tasks, moderation, mediation, or just the feeling of breaking the rules. The desire to break the rules as soon as they are established lies deep in each person. Some people are able to understand their needs of breaking the rules, and some people are not ready to comprehend what they can and have to do. Their creativity may be developed. Still, cheating may not be considered as one of the possible ways to be used. The relationship between dishonesty and creativity discussed in Gino and Wiltermuth’s article serve as a good basis for an individual investigation with new variables. Creativity is usually identified as a boundary phenomenon that can help different people to succeed in leadership with the help of cheating strategies, which implies achieving goals and using imaginative ways (Ibbotson & Darso, 2008). This research proves that creativity and dishonesty may be united and approved in case it leads to positive results. In other words, it seems to be normal to use different methods in order to achieve the goals set. However, it is wrong to believe that cheating is a good partner for creativity. Through creativity and the ability to generate new ideas in a proper way are considered to be as one of the most crucial skills of many individuals, it may be characterized by a number of unethical dilemmas and issues that put the idea of creativity and its effectiveness under a serious question (Gino & Ariely, 2012). Gino and Ariely (2012) underline that cheating may be justified through different means in case it does not hurt anyone, and people are eager to use such kind of explanation as a good justification of their morally appropriate behavior. Hard and easy tests may be used as possible evaluating factors in order to prove that creativity and dishonesty are related, and cheating, as an independent variable, defines the level of creativity. It becomes clear that to become more creative. People need to be motivated. Madhavi and Ramadevi (2014) explain that motivation is also one of the factors that may promote dishonesty. This is why, when the relation between creativity and dishonesty is analyzed. It is necessary to analyze two other types of relations: motivation-creativity and motivation-dishonesty. This analysis will help to comprehend how it is possible to justify cheating and use it as a powerful ground for creativity. There are cases when people are forced to cheat, considering the surrounding environment and the circumstances (Madhavi & Ramadevi, 2014). Motivation plays an i
The pollution through fuel use, technology and many other aspects of civilized life has brought about many changes that humanity was not ready for, including a lessening of resources used for energy. But there are many ways to generate energy using clean sources. Solar, hydro, wind and other types of renewable resources are thought to be the cleanest ways comparing to fuel usage. A book titled “Wind Power” takes a look at the conversion of wind energy into electricity which is accomplished through building wind turbines, a simpler way of building windmills. This technology will allow for widespread access and a much higher energy output which will be beneficial for millions of people. The most basic way that a wind turbine works is by using the kinetic energy of the wind and turning it into electricity that can be used by humans. It is applied as mechanical, thermo and any other form of energy, which can be used in the agriculture and other places. Wind turbines are considered a renewable source of energy, but the sun also has great connection to the wind. The sun rays warm up the air masses, causing warmer air to rise, and as it cools down in the upper layers of the atmosphere, it sinks, thus causing a cyclical na
When one is at the university, it is advisable to form a study group early enough so that he/she can have people to exchange ideas with. It is said that no one knows everything, and because this implies that we all have our strengths and weaknesses, we should identify people to utilize our strengths and help us correct our weaknesses. I therefore decided to look around for individuals who share the same thoughts with me among the few friends that I had already managed to mingle with. One of the challenges in finding reliable members was the fact that most of the people that I came across were very negative about the whole issue. Therefore, this paper will focus on my group with regard to how it was formed and how it operates, and the hurdles that it had to go through. Group’s Emergent System Characteristics If you asked how my group was formed, the memories are still fresh because I remember it like it was yesterday. It was on a chilly afternoon during one of my management classes that the lecturer asked us to form study groups because he intended to give us assignments that were to be tackled collectively in small groups. The groups were formed at random and luckily for our group, we were all serious people, unlike most of the groups that were comprised of active members and jokers. In this regard, the group has five members: three boys and two girls. The objectives of our group include identifying the abilities of every individual member and using them to achieve excellence in academics. Besides, we exchange ideas on a personal level and thus we provide a shoulder to lean on to one another during difficult times. This means that we provide emotional support to all our members when they are facing challenges in other areas. At times we offer material support when we feel it is necessary. We value the participation of our members and since we are aware that their productivity can be impacted negatively by the problems they are facing in other areas such as illness and loss of a family member, we are under obligation to provide assistance as much as we can. The mission of the group is what keeps the group intact. Our mission is to achieve academic excellence in all areas of our study, and to support one another in achi
The popularity of homosexuality, lesbianism, gay marriage, etc all through the world has become hot topics for international debates and discussions for many years. There are several ways to treat such a serious subject as gay marriage and many often, flowing in the stream of the common notion about gay marriage, several facts are distorted and comprehended with a prejudiced viewpoint. Such biased outlook and treatment of hot topics like gay marriage will only function to misdirect the facts behind the matter. Thus, there have been several articles and publications on gay marriage which used as tools to misguide the readers. One of the best illustrative examples of biased articles on gay marriage is the online article “Why Gay Marriage Will Hurt America” by Bryan Malley the editor of the Minnesota Christian Chronicle. The article in length deals with the issue of how gay marriage can be a destructive force in modern American society. The article which seemingly addresses the central idea of how children are affected by the practice of gay marriage, however, fails utterly to concentrate on the main issue and significantly moves toward creating and spreading false ideas concerning gay marriage. The article opens with the statement “When the institutions of marriage and family are tinkered with, children are ultimately the losers,” but interestingly never more focuses on this central issue through the article. (Malley). Instead, the article goes on to disseminate false notions which demonstrate the biased attitude of people toward gay marriage. The most significant element of such a biased attempt is that the secondary materials for the source are used most intelligently to suit the purpose of the author. In this analysis of the source, we come to identify how biased renderings such as the article, can misguide the concept of the readers. One most essential aspect of the
Despite the fact that environmental concerns have been raised quite a while ago, the concept of green technology has been introduced comparatively recently into modern business and everyday life. Although the idea of green technology is relatively young, it still deserves a major appraise for the compromise between technology and environmental issues that it has to offer. By implementing green technology, a company specializing in consulting services, such as the ConsultingNow! , will be able to face the competition and attract more customers. According to the existing definition, green technology is “a new technical-economic mode which could combine environmental protection, ecological restore, efficiency improvement and economic development” (Pan, 2012, p. 47). As recent researches have shown, quite a number of companies follow the principles of green technology. Among the most notable ones, Siemens is often credited as “the world’s leading green technology company” ( Siemens launches second edition of Green Technology Journalism Award , 2013, para. 1). As the report says, Siemens has gained considerable support from its customers all over the world after choosing the green technology principles ( Siemens launches second edition of Green Technology Journalism Award , 2013, para. 2). Thus, the principles of Green Technology affect a company’s development in an admittedly positive way. When it comes to consulting business, though, green technology principles might seem rather hard to implement, since consulting has little to do with environmental awareness. However, even ConsultingNow! Can contribute to environmental safety and bring the rates of pollution down. For example, a stronger emphasis can be put onto using the equipment that affects environment in the least. While it would be unreasonable to make every single employee in the company buy a Hybrid car, using the resources that are made of recyclable material is the least painstaking means to introduce the company and its members to the concept of green technology. In addition, the use of solar-power watch, calculators, and other devices should be encouraged and promoted in the company. In addition, the principles of energy conservation should also be included into the company’s policies. The fact that the application of green technology is going to bring the total cost of ownership down considerably should also be brought to the company leader’s attention. Not only will the devices bought to follow the green policy save an impressive chunk of the company’s costs for such services as electricity, water consumption, etc. down impressively, but also serve as a rather cheap yet very efficient advertisement program. By showing people that its members care about environment, the ConsultingNow! Company will show the clientele and potential customers that it cares about people and, therefore, is worth trusting. In addition, the total cost of ownership will be decreased due to a drop in the consumption of such services
The gallery that I visited is located at the State Library of Victoria in Melbourne. I found this gallery appealing to me because of its attractive and spectacular photographs. As I entered the gallery, I decided to take a picture that shows in an attractive manner, its entrance where many photographs are stashed. This made me start thinking of the impact that would be occasioned by the absence of the pictures; probably, space would have been more open. There are many pictures which are large and black frames with several photos on them. The photos are mounted on glass and owing to the fact that the setting is indoor, a lot of lighting is applied to prevent any darkness. The placement of the photos at the entrance of the gallery follows no particular order since they are randomly placed with the focal length being too short. In the lighting system used in the gallery, a lot of artificial lighting systems are used where they are strategically placed hanging from the ceiling of the gallery. Placing the photos in another location other than the entrance of the gallery could have provided the illusion that there is ample and unoccupied space inside the gallery. The gallery entrance is seemingly squeezed because there is no enough space. Placing the photos individually on the wall would have given a visitor to the gallery a good chance to look at the photos. The entrance is a bit congested with all these photos stashed on the wall. Types of Images The types of images I viewed are dull photographs which make it difficult to see most the intricate parts. From the outlook, it is evident that they were taken by a novice in photography. The first picture comprises of four photographs which have frames on their sides. There is a set of four photographs, and below each photograph, there are writings giving descriptions of the photographs. However, the writings are not clear, and it is difficult to decipher what is written below them clearly. The printing medium used to produce these photographs is by mounting them on the glass. According to me, glass is not one of the most effective media for producing photographs. This is because glass is a brittle substance that can be easily broken. My personal thoughts on the photograph of the tall building are that the photographer made a great effort in bringing out the building in its totality. Even to a stranger who has never been near this building, looking at the photograph gives the viewer a true image of the real building. The photograph is well balanced in all dimensions, and no spaces are left on any side. The photographer was also keen to capture the road heading to the building and the vehicles parked at the entrance of the building. The relationship between the real qualities of the building and my understanding is that of a portrayal of a true picture in a photograph. Below is the photograph of the building.