ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Outline It is still quite unclear why an adult male would choose to expose his genitals in public. One theory that has been put forward to explain such behavior suggests that exhibitionists are normally under some stressful condition, and they try to relieve this stress through the exposure of their genitals in the act of masturbation. Exposure is also said to lead to sexual excitement in the subject. Some other theorists also associate the behavior to males who have been emotionally damaged by women, and because of feeling less confident in terms of masculinity, exposure helps to reaffirm the feelings of inadequacy. Yet others could just be angry with people in general, and the purpose of creating such kind of attention is primarily to create shock as well as degrade people, particularly women. After exposure, exhibitionists normally retreat to a private place and masturbate so as to achieve an orgasm if one was not achieved on the spot. Ideally, the goal behind such action is to achieve some form of sexual gratification. Introduction Exhibitionism is a criminal offense in which certain people, usually adult males, deliberately expose their genitals under very inappropriate circumstances. A typical male exhibitionist will expose his genitals to very unsuspecting strangers, usually in public places like schools yards, parks, and bus stops, most of whom are women and children. Most exhibitionists get into the habit quite early in life, normally between teenage and the age of 20 years, and for this reason, most of them are typically young in age. Women exhibitionists are not common, and those who engage in the habit often take up paid employment in places like restaurants where exhibitionism is practiced (Holmes 68; Kulbarsh 2008). Behaviors, goals, and characteristics of exhibitionists The greater percentages of exhibitionists either expose their genitals to unsuspecting victims or masturbate in their presence. Others may be verbally aggressive, use obscene language, or relay their desire for sex through nonverbal actions. Some exhibitionists,
Introduction Nursing is a branch of medicine that deals with the health care of individuals, families, and the whole human population. Its goal is to attain high standards of health, maintain optimal care and ensure a quality life for patients (Donahue, 2010). It is an ancient profession that has grown from where nuns and military men were tasked to provide the services. The churches were responsible for promoting nursing in the ancient days, for example, the Orthodox Church, but it evolved into modern nursing where professionals are trained in nursing schools (Donahue, 2010). The American Nurses Association (2011) defines professional nursing as the protection, endorsement, optimization, and advocacy of care, prevention, and mitigation of illness through diagnosis or treatment. Professionalism in nursing is evaluated based on the ability of the nurse to undertake his or her work with a lot of respect to the quality of life. As such, the elements of a professional nurse include appearance, attitude, and desire to help others. This paper will highlight why nursing should be conducted at a very high degree of professionalism. Importance of professionalism in nursing The health sector forms a common meeting point where all sorts of people and characters in society are set to meet for an illness, check-up, or an injury. Being a social place, the appearance of the practitioners is very sensitive to how people will judge them. The code of ethics regarding the dressing is clear that nurses have to be well-groomed and clean to send positive information to the patients. A decent and clean nurse displays the fact that he or she can care about his or her body, which in turn gives a message that such a person is willing and able to take care of others (Stacy, 2012). On the other side, a sloppy outlook will mean disorganization, laziness, and uncaringness about others. Here, people will judge such an individual as incompetent to give care for other deserving patients. Thus, professionalism needs to be maintained through appearance to send positive information regarding one’s capability. A hospital environment is one of the most devastating places where people with bad attitudes can work. Many patients who are brought to the health facility are either faced with severe injuries, seriously ill, dirty, or bedridden. This situation requires a nurse with a positive attitude because it will determine how well the victim will be handled. Additionally, the perception of an individual to the outside world determines the relationship with people around him. A nurse with a bad attitude can make the work of his or her colleagues miserable by displaying a bad reaction to the patients. Sometimes professionals with bad attitudes look for attention to control the healthcare facility environment. The nursing job does not require such characteristics because it is bound by the code of ethics to provide care for others rather than focusing on your problems (
George Santayana noted that individuals who do not have the ability to remember the past are likely to repeat the mistakes. Some attribute the views of Santayana to Plato, who discussed extensively the effects of democracy on society. However, Santayana’s views are original because Plato was simply dissatisfied with democracy. To Plato, democracy was the worst form of governance because it was the tyranny of the multitude. Santayana noted that people were still advocating for democracy yet it had caused serious problems in the Greek society. He observed that it would be productive if people considered historical aspects before advocating for something. Since people did not remember the effects of democracy, they were likely to advocate for it even if its effects were severe. In the world history, many problems have happened, but people are reluctant to learn from the past problems. For instance, people could not learn from the Great Depression of 1920s. In the 1920s economic crisis, people lost properties worth billions of dollars yet corrective measures were not put in place to prevent the occurrence of the problem in future. In 2007, a worst economic crisis happened. The causes of the crisis were similar to those of 1920.. The First World War resulted to loss of life and property in a number of countries. The causes of the war were well known. Furthermore, the effects of the war were hard to take because people lost everything they had. However, the international community could not learn from the mistakes of the First World War to prevent the occurrence of another war. The Second World War could have been prevented because people were aware of the effects of the war. Santayana note that were people were quick to forget what happened because they had little memories. He advised that people should always keep records of great events to enable them prepare amicably in the future.
Nowadays, the importance of international organizations cannot be ignored or misunderstood because all of them perform ubiquitous functions in international politics. They identify the promises and determine the quality of relations between different states and nations. Each organization has many obligations that cannot be neglected, and the history of each organization is the way of its development, improvement, and penetration to the lives of ordinary people. Hurd (2013) states that any international organization has to exist in “the conceptual and legal space between state sovereignty and legal obligation” in order to bind different states to the given commitments (p. 1). The list of international organizations in long indeed: the World Trade Organization, the World Bank, the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, etc. In this paper, the attention is paid to the history of the United Nations, the establishments of UN agencies in the world, and the UN’s efforts to deter conflicts regarding its main objectives such as promoting peace, developing friendly relations between nations, and encouraging progress in different spheres of human life. History of UN Establishment 1945 was the official year of the establishment of the United Nations. After the Second World War was over, many countries were in ruins, and millions of people lost their homes and hope. It was necessary for nations to believe that the idea of international peace was possible, and the development of friendly relations between countries was not just a plan or an obligation. Therefore, the representatives of 51 countries including the Republic of China, the USSR, the USA, the United Kingdom, and France gathered in San Francisco on 26 June 1945 and signed a new treaty to make sure that peace could be kept throughout the world ( About the UN n.d.). However, the history of the UN could be traced several years before the day when the document, called Charter, was signed and proved the creation of a new international organization. One century ago, the world had already been in need of an organization that could promote harmony and understanding between nations. The League of Nations was created. However, it failed because it was not available to the colonial people, who constituted the major part of the world’s population. The failure of the League of Nations served as the reason for the development of a new idea that could promote the salvation of nations (Wellington Cordier & Harrelson, 2013). Adolf Hitler demonstrated his powers and destroyed nations to achieve the required recognition, gain new land, and make people accept his ideologies and beliefs. The leaders of other countries did not want to accept his ultimatum and organized numerous meetings to discuss the creation of the Allies that could help to destroy the despotism and cruelty of Germany and its supporters. After the death of Roosevelt, Truman became the thirty-third president of the United States (Meisler, 201
Introduction William Kingdon Clifford defined evidentialism as believing in something without sufficient evidence. This stand contravenes non-evidentialism, which requires one to gather enough evidence before believing in a certain issue or argument. Clifford spent most of his career life doing philosophical work and Mathematics at the Cambridge University. In his philosophical endeavors, Clifford examined evidence and its possessions as important elements in the ethics of belief. As a philosopher, Clifford deduced evidence as a demonstrative proof, which is independent of any sort of imagined or construed belief without any articulation on how it came to existence. In other words, people should not believe in baseless arguments that lack sufficient collaborating evidence. Clifford holds that it is baseless for anyone to construct, hold, or even influence others to believe in anything without sufficient collaborating evidence (Gomberg 57). In his work, The Ethics of Belief , Clifford gives the reader the impression that any belief that people construct to guide them should always have enough evidence to support it. Otherwise, the unsupported belief will be considered invalid. On the contrary, non-evidentialist pioneers such as Blaise Pascal and Kierkegaard claim that their stance is highly permissive since it allows the formulation and holding of a belief even when the evidence is insufficient. Pascal was a Christian philosopher and he focused on making people believe that God existed and the need to act according to His will. Non-evidentialism gives the go ahead for more personal evidence even based on passion for affirming one’s beliefs. Pascaland Kierkegaard’s notion of non-evidentialism based its claims on religious faith and the belief in the existence of a supernatural being. Their argument underestimated the sole reliance of reason as well as evidence for one to justify a belief (Dole and Chigell 35). Clifford held a firm stance against faith by describing the idea as senseless. Therefore, this article seeks to retaliate Clifford’s position on the essence of rationality and facts, as opposed to non-evidentialists’ view based on the premise of faith and non-reason. In the contemporary society, Clifford’s views are more viable as compared to Pascal and Kierkegaard’s perceptions. Clifford’s evidentialist position In his essay, The Ethics of Belief, Clifford starts by sharing his principles based on evidence and he gives elaborate arguments on his position using examples to drive the point that people should take rationalized steps with adequate facts. For instance, in the quest to support his claims, a case of a sick child comes in handy. Pascal’s claim supports the idea that the parent of the child should believe in supernatural healing. Having faith in God’s healing is a good idea, but Clifford questions the sufficiency that this notion has to work. The non-evidentialists acknowledge the lack of tangible evidence of God’s existence. In order to affirm a belief, Clifford argues that not unless a belief causes the holder to act, in this case the parent to take the child for medical examination and treatment, then the par
The book ‘No One Home’ by Linger (2001) is a study that mainly focuses on the fieldwork data collected through interviewing a large number of people on the identity of Nikkei living and working in Japan. The Nikkei are as a result of the Japanese government allowing the Japanese immigrants a bonafide existence in japan. In the study, we are introduced to a situation where the Brazilian factory workers were subjected to tough and poor working conditions characterized by hard detrimental physical activities due to their unascertained identity. This humiliation is further extended to various social institutions. For example, in Japanese schools, the Nikkei’s children are subjected to cultural, educational, and other forms of segregation that render their lives intolerable and demean their value as human beings. The leaders in various groups would subject the Nikkei to varying kinds of torture whenever they identified them. In this pretext, the Nikkei came back to their Japanese homes only to be faced with total rejection by the very people they once termed as their own. According to Linger (2001), it was a bit difficult for the Japanese government to recognise the original identity of the Nikkei. Their presence and uniqueness raised questions in the social and corporate sectors. This then led to a perception that the Nikkei were not of Japanese origin and are seen as imposters. However they are neither eradicated nor deported but they are rather asked to offer subsidy to those willing to return to South America (Linger, 2001). This led to conduction of a survey with an intention of establishing facts underlying the situation together with the public’s opinion on the government’s initiative. The survey was conducted on various groups of people with the Nikkei’s children included. Some of the common questioned posed to the respondent were if they aware of the existence of the Nikkei in Japan. Moreover, the respondents were supposed to elaborate how they acquired the knowledge on the existence of the Nikkei. An analysis of the data collected proved that 53 percent of the respondents knew very little of the Nikkei’s existence. The rest 47 percent of those interviewed claimed they were not aware of their existence. This failure may be attributed to the fact that most of the Nikkei lived in the unindustrialized parts of the country. It was also established that the highest registration of persons was achieved in 2007 with nearly four hundred South Americans registering their nationality in Japan (Linger, 2001). It was publicly assumed all over Japan that the Nikkei were the cause of the rising criminal tendencies. They linked this to the results of the survey which revealed a very small percentage of Japanese that had any interactions with the Nikkei. It is noted that the National Police Agency was the major institution spearheading this misconception that the criminal activities were conducted by numerous foreigners in Japan. The data collected from the survey further indicated that a high percentage of the respondents claimed that the Nikkei had to learn the Japanese culture, language, and customs before they came t
Introduction and background of research Since, the emergence of the internet and its use in business, many internet startups have encountered problems and challenges that lead to complete failure and great losses of investments. Therefore, very many studies have been conducted to investigate the major causes of such failures given that information technology is much significant to businesses (Amit & Zott, 2001; Delmar & Shane, 2003; Eckhardt, Shane & Delmar, 2006; Mehadevan, 2000; Porter, 2001). One reason that has been suggested involves the adoption and use of business models by the internet businesses. Some researchers have the opinion that startups do not adopt the appropriate models while others suggest that these entrepreneurs lack the necessary knowledge regarding the most effective way to use the adopted models (Morrisa, Schinderhutted & Allenc, 2005; Osterwalder, Pigneur & Tucci, 2005; Teece, 2010; Wirtz, Oliver & Sebastian, 2010; Christensen, Johnson & Kagermann, 2008). Therefore, it can be argued that the business model is the core source of internet business failure and success despite other factors relating to firm-specificities such as resources, skills and abilities having some consequences. In that line of thought, the rationale of this study is to determine the effective use of business model to avoid internet business failures. In addition, it provides an opportunity to see its particular influence on the e-commerce environment. This in turn provides the opportunity to understand the reasons behind high failure of internet startups. The proposed research may point that there are several problems in the use of e-business models that have emerged in the recent years. Generally, internet startups fail due to some common reasons including lack of enough capital. This research is responding to the observation made by Timmers (1998) that business model is particularly crucial in the e-commerce owing to the soaring levels of productivity efficiency. The study is significant in that the entrepreneur in the internet toy business can have a platform to embark on the busi
Analysis of Organizational Decision Making Decision making is very important in any given organization, but before a decision is made the administration needs to plan ahead on future expectations. Chris is the founder of Roberts Limited. He can not make decisions on his own which means he has to involve the entire workforce of this organization. This includes employees of all levels from juniors to seniors. The decision of establishing a branch at Kava is aimed at giving back to the society. Although Kava is prone to natural disasters that can not be intercepted by humans, the company must establish its roots in this region where nobody dares to explore. Success does not come easily but through hard work and taking the risk even when others think it is not safe to do so. All employees should be informed that the more one risks the higher the returns. The organization is therefore committed to providing its services where they are most needed. All should be bold enough in Kava’s expedition because after enduring the risks the organization will grow and thus that growth will be reflected on employees. If employees decide to boycott Kava’s mission for security reasons they should know that death is a must for all so staying away from Kava does not increase one’s lifespan. The demand for services from Roberts Limited has shot up. This has been evidenced by frequent requests by Kava’s government agencies. It is therefore important to respond to client needs as soon as possible. If the organization is reluctant to respond to client needs, the organizations competitors will take advantage of the current situation in Kava and this will not go down well with Chris. All employees are answerable to Chris should they fail the organization and that means that every one must do his/her best to achieve the desired results. Employees should know that growth takes a very long period to be achieved and once it has been realized it should be well taken care of because it is very delicate. A single mistake is what it takes to stain the credibility of an organization. It is recommended that employees look at Kava from a different perspective. The company’s door are open for suggestions and therefore employees should come up with their own creativity regarding the current situation in Kava and seek to establish a solution that will benefit both the organization and the citizens of Kava. The organization must also involve all the major stakeholders of Kava. This involves consulting other organizations that are well acquainted with Kava such as non governmental organizations, faith groups, and government agencies. Consultations will provide relevant information that will help the organization in making critical decisions. The organizations mentioned above are most likely to be more informed about the problems that are being experienced or were encountered by other participants in Kava. They will act as advisors because of their experience in working in this kind of environment. Chris should hold a meeting with his organization’s management team. They should use the fi
Discussion The 10 years of independence celebration by the Aboriginal Health Council of SA was a significant event for a number of reasons.It commemorated a decade long endeavour by the AHCSA to address the unique health needs of the Indigenous population. Jowsey, et al. (2012) observes that the experience of Aboriginal people in mainstream health services was poor and ignorant of the cultural needs of these people. The AHCSA has worked to reverse this by ensuring that Aboriginals receive equitably care in an environment that is respectful, culturally safe, and fair (Aboriginal, 2011). The phrase “Our Health, Our Choice, Our Way”, is a policy framework developed and endorsed by the AHCSA in 2006. This framework aimed at improving the health outcomes of the Indigenous population by providing access to health care that was culturally relevant. Such a policy was seen as necessary since the mainstream health services lacked an understanding of Indigenous issue and was generally unwilling to meaningfully engage Indigenous people in their own health (Gracey, et al., 2006). Closing the gap is a major goal of the Aboriginal Community since there are gross inequalities between Indigenous people and their non-Indigenous counterparts in health care with the Aboriginals having poorer health outcomes (McBain-Rigg & Veitch, 2011). The distance and socioeconomic factors have contributed to the poor health outcomes of the indigenous population (McBain-Rigg & Veitch, 2011).By offering culturally relevant health care services, the Aboriginal Health Council promotes health among the Indigenous people since good primary care contributes to patient satisfaction, empowerment, and engagement in managing their health. Comment Damia rightfully notes that addressing the social realities of the Indigenous population can help overcome the health disparities currently existing between the indigenous and non-indigenous population.