ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This section of the paper aims to discuss various methods of investment appraisal; in particular we are going to speak about such techniques as Net Present Value (NPV), Return on Investment (ROI), and payback period methods. We need to explain what exactly these methods seek to measure and, most importantly, single out their advantages and disadvantages. On the basis of this discussion, we will be able to recommend the evaluation technique which would be most suitable for investors’ needs. First, we need to speak about Net Present Value methods; this technique is supposed to determine the amount of money which the investor may expect to receive during the lifespan of the project. According to this approach one should add all the revenues which are expected to be achieved during the entire life of the project, and deduct all the costs that are necessary for the implementation of the project (Brigham & Ehrhadt, 2010, p 383). The key advantage of this method is that it takes into account the time value of money and gives accurate criteria of decision-making. However, this method is not fully applicable in those cases, when the project generates uneven cash flows. Moreover, it often overlooks such factor as inflation (Weetman, 2006). This is why it is advisable that one should use it with caution, especially if we are speaking about long-term projects. The second method which is also frequently utilized by investors is the return of investment. It is aimed at evaluating the efficiency of investment. It is particularly helpful when the investor tries to
Most patients, estimated at 15-25% of all patients, have urinary catheters. Nonetheless, 75% of hospital acquired urinary tract infections are due to a urinary catheter. The urinary catheters are also called a one-point restraint; hence, they have been associated with subsequent effects of “functional impairment, nosocomial infection, general discomfort, pressure ulcers and even death” (Newman, 2010). The catheters have been reported to be painful, to interfere with the quality of life of patients and to be uncomfortable. Higher mortality rates as a result of using urinary catheters are apparent among hospitalized older patients (APIC, 2008). Evidence-based Prevention Obtaining the best approach in the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) is very imperative in the nursing world. As a nurse, I determined the best preventive method for CAUTIs by analyzing extensive literature which showed various preventive approaches that have been used previously. Picking the most appropriate intervention was quite daunting as I had to review voluminous information on different health facilities and how these health facilities handled different cases of CAUTIs. A study by Saint et al. (cited in Newman, 2010), suggests that more than 50% hospitals pay minuscule attention to the use and monitoring of urinary catheters. In addition, more than 25% of the health workers in the surveyed health facilities were not knowledgeable about the period of catheterization. The health workers, aware of the risks associated with long-term urinary catheter use, should avoid inserting the catheter unless under unavoidable circumstances and catheterization time should be limited. After great deliberation, the best preventive approach I adopted was to incorporate a qualified and skilled task force in the continuum of care of patients with urinary catheters. CAUTIs in 20% to 30% of patients with urinary catheters are attributed to long-term use (more than 30 days) of the urinary catheters. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid long use of these urinary catheters. As a nurse, I should critically evaluate the need for a urinary catheter and only use it under accepted scenarios in accordance with CAUTIs preventive measures. Therefore, in conjunction with other health workers, daily assessments should be carried out to determine the need for a urinary catheter and monitor progress of those who already have the catheter. Newman (2010) categorically stipulates the conditions under which the urinary catheter should be inserted and those under which it is inappropriate. Continuous monitoring enables the health workers to identify those at risk and thereby make prompt adjustments and improvements. The health workers that I will be working with should be fully informed on the best indications for use with urinary catheters. Therefore, it is apparent that effective prevention of CAUTIs cannot
Introduction The goal of this paper is to dissect the nature of the problem-solving approach at the Yahoo! Company and locate the strategies that could have been used to save the company from its ultimate demise. Although Yahoo has not been erased from the IT market radars yet, the organization has definitely experienced a significant downfall after its failure to introduce the principles of an innovation-driven problem-solving strategy. The fact that the company’s leadership has made several ethically questionable and economically dubious statements has not helped Yahoo’s position in the market, either (Aagaard, 2017). Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to analyze what went askew at Yahoo and determine possible risk management approaches that could have salvaged the company. The paper is geared primarily toward the exploration of the impact that innovative thinking and innovation-based problem solving, in general, have on a company’s performance and position in the global market. Specifically, the situation that Yahoo! is currently facing is considered in the paper. Therefore, the intended audience includes people interested in business management and effective leadership, particularly, employee empowerment through the promotion of innovative thinking, Analysis of the Problem The situation currently observed at Yahoo did not appear out of the blue; instead, numerous erroneous decisions have been accumulating for years before reaching the critical point at which the company has entered the phase of decay. In retrospect, the lack of focus on continuous innovation combined with misplaced organizational values resulting in poor motivation levels in employees has caused the downshift of the organization (Bos-Nehles, Renkema, & Janssen, 2017). The lack of consistency in organizational ethics and the unwillingness of its leaders to forecast and apply changes to the organizational context to improve its performative aspects can be deemed as the foundational cause of Yahoo’s downfall (Goel, 2016). According to recent reports, the choices that Yahoo’s leader has been making in regard to the management of ethical concerns were described as dubious, at best (Goel, 2016). The described model of organizational behavior must have
Define Realism and its characteristics as a literary movement Realism refers to the recreation of life in the literature that took place during the historic eighteenth and nineteenth-century periods. This faithful representation of reality aided in developing the English novel and other literary conventions. Emphasizing everyday life Realist writers believe that books should center on everyday experiences that depict workers as real people. These writers inject life into the scenes, objects, and characters, to allow readers experience the reality of the texts. In the text, “Madame Bovary,” Gustave Flaubert depicts the daily tasks of the actors and their social obligations (Flaubert 23). In the text, the main character worries about shopping and household expenses. On the other hand, “Wide Sargasso Sea” explores the daily life of Bertha throughout her marriage, promiscuous behavior, and death (Rhys 8). Easy to understand texts Another characteristic of realism is the belief that texts should be simple for the common person to understand. This translates to making the book available not only to the educated aristocrats but to all. As I read the texts, the regular language used in the two texts is evidence that the writers sought to make their texts easy to understand for both the middle-class Americans and the aristocrats. Absolute objectivity This characteristic makes a single character the center of interest in a text. The two texts under study cover the development of
West Florida regional medical center is a facility that is focused on providing the best healthcare and treatment to its patients. As such, it has made many improvements over time. The most current goal is to better the services even more through uniting the staff, getting a better response from patients and monitoring all possible and probable set backs or problem areas. The strategy to accomplish the needed change is to drastically increase the quality of service. The staff would be require to participate in training sessions, as well as develop own departmental improved routines and practices that would allow for better cooperation and communication with both staff and patients. There is hope that improvement in planning, doing, checking and acting will allow for a more qualified staff and the ability of departments to be ahead “of the game” (McLaughlin, 2012). The impact will be a close knowledge of the patients’ statistics, an in-depth understanding of their needs and proper approach and treatment of each individual. Unfortunately, the current health sector is experiencing difficulties in staffing and providing for people according to their needs. The wait times are still rather long, and individuals are not getting the service they expect. In this case, the strength of TQM is that it targets the people who are already in the medical profession, who want to care for the patients and need help in finding proper ways of high quality to do so. Each department is motivated and there is some progress, only there is some fluctuation between departments. This is probably due to personal factors and team make-up, as each department has its own atmosphere and way of running things. This is somewhat of a disadvantage, but a team of supervisors who will organize meetings for asking questions and providing feedback is one of the focuses of the quality increase. Corporate headquarters have an important role, as they are to provide support to the staff. There are often setbacks in communication, the physical transfer of messages, as well as mental realization of what is happening in the hospital environment. By directly participating and making sure that the staff feels their back covered through headquarters and the corporation, they will provide higher energy and productivity output. This will and already does reflect within the staff. The various departments are becoming more involved, making mutual understanding and help its result. As everyone closely understands the nature of the profession, the medical personnel can predict issues and offer a personal advice or formal recommendation. As there is still some discrepancy in how the monitoring and research are carried out, a more effective organization is a must (McLaughlin, 2012). Each department must take great care in familiarizing the others with their progress, as well as be interested in the progress others have made. The meetings that take place several times a month must be properly separated into sessions, as to make most with the least amount of time. The time that it takes to carry out research and then discuss it, could be used to better the facility or
Summary of Curriculum Development Cycle The curricula of the Public Schools of Brookline are developed by the Office of Teaching and Learning. The cycle can be divided into four distinct components: needs assessment, development, implementation, and evaluation. During needs assessment, the Office of Strategy and Performance collects data on student performance, attendance, and behavior and issues additional tests when required. After the data is collected, it is processed and transferred to the Office of Teaching and Learning (Public Schools of Brookline, 2016). After this, the curriculum development begins. At the first phase of this component, the desired outcomes of the educational process are being determined and formulated as goals and objectives. During the second phase, the content suitable for achieving goals is selected, and its scope and sequence is settled. During the third phase, the content is organized to maximize its efficiency. Finally, the means of delivery are selected. After this, the curriculum is implemented in four phases: the production of a curriculum product, the testing phase, staff hiring and training, and implementing the curriculum into practice. The final component is evaluation, which can be formally broken down into continuous and formative phase. The former is present throughout the learning process and achieved my monitoring it and comparing the results with the set benchmarks and objectives. The latter takes the form of scheduled interventions and usually produces more reliable data but is restricted to discrete rather than continuous measurements (Bernhardt & Hebert, 2014). The produced data is used to adjust the process as well as for the development of the new curriculum once the cycle repeats. Narrative Purpose of a Curriculum Cycle Over the years, the curriculum has grown to an enormously complex entity. Because of the variety of tasks and goals it aims to fulfill, it introduces the possibility of errors and gaps in knowledge unless developed with proper rigor and integrity. To eliminate the mentioned errors, the process of curriculum development needs to be continuous and properly structured into a curriculum cycle. The cyclical nature of the process ensures seamless improvement which does not interfere with the ongoing process and at the same time allows detecting shortcomings and introducing timely adjustments and interventions. The systematic approach to curriculum development also minimizes the possibility of unforeseen events and omission of necessary details of the curriculum product. Overview of the Organization Public Schools of Brookline is a K-12 school district located in the state of Massachusetts. It provides its students with engaging and rich learning environments to facilitate inquiry and extend the learning process beyond classroom. The curricula of the Public Schools of Brookline prioritize intellectual, developmental, and cultural domains in their vision, which finds reflection in the curricular activities. Explanation of Curriculum Cycle Components The first component of the curriculum development cycle is needs assessment. It is required to establish a direction of th
The recent business environment is marked by increased integration and enlargement. In the media and TV industries, mergers can be seen as a natural process that helps companies to create a unified network of activities and information exchange. The changes should be allowed because they will improve the productivity of the company and allow DWI to compete on a global scale. DWI employees should recognize that rapid technological changes are about to make their media products obsolete. In terms of moral philosophy, the consequences of mergers would benefit the company and its employees. Utilitarian ethics is known as consequentialism. This ethics considers an action s being morally right or wrong based solely on the outcomes that result from performing it. Mergers can be seen as the right action that brings the best consequences. The implied assumption is that the financial costs and benefits of mergers are measurable on a common numerical level and can be added and subtracted from each other (Bentham, 2000). Following FCC regulations, further consolidation of the market will threaten the position of smaller companies and their products. Thus, the interests to consider when choosing an action are the nonegoist and unselfish ways that consider the most utility for all the employees affected by an ethics. Ethics audit allows to say that mergers and changes in telecommunication industry are permutable as they benefit media companies and allow greater flexibility of resources. It is important to note that the giant corporations in media industry have direct and indirect control over smaller companies, so FCC changes will legalize their ownership and allows the state to control their real business activity (Kotler and Lee, 2004). The business practices that violate the rule but result in beneficial actions are still considered wrong. Sherman Anti-Trust Act prohibits trusts and other forms of conspiracy cooperation considered as illegal. In this case, agreements between media companies and conspiracy relations are considered as unlawful and will be punished. To avoid such situation, the sources of the regulations and ethical principles could be either theological in the sense that the actions are stipulated as moral by a religion, or public in the sense that they are the result of a social agreement as to whether they are right or wrong. Because of the limitations of these two approaches, principles of media regulations have been adopted based on either the consequences of adopting a particular set of moral rules, or our supposed faculty of moral intuition (Donaldson et al 2002). The legal case, Red lion Broadcasting vs FCC, shows that fairness in broadcasting should be the main priority of corporations. Thus, it is critically important for an acquiring corporation to determine the real reasons and motivations for owners to sell. M
Syncretism is appreciating a subject from one culture and giving it a new meaning in another culture. In the mosaic of Christ as the sun god, the beliefs of both early Christians and pagans are combined. Like early Christian art, the mosaic has Pagan subjects, a vineyard of Bacchus, and a charioteer with a beam of lights streaming from his head (Britt, 2018). In Pagan beliefs, Helios is a sun god often depicted in art with a radiant crown riding a chariot across the sky. In early Christian art, the image depicts Christ as the sun god pulled by a chariot of two horses. The triumphant Christ with rays shooting from his head, which are rays of the sun, is also associated with healing Christians. The image has Dionysian vines in the background, which portrays the vines of Christ. Many early images of Christianity represent Christ as the vine, a symbol of fertility, resurrection, and the creative power of God. The sun’s rays are in a cross pattern, and the charioteer is shown holding an orb which is a symbol of being a ruler of the world. Christ is wearing a sun crown on his head, showing a resemblance to Helios, the sun god in the Roman tradition (Britt, 2018). The illusion of the sun represents both death and resurrection as the earth travels around the sun. Moreover, early Christians had the custom of praying towards the east, the direction of his ascension, and the second coming. From earth, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Similarly, it symbolizes that Christ died on the cross, and was resurrected. Reference Britt, K. C. (2018). Early Christian mosaics in context. The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Archaeology , 275.
Russian Constructivism was a post World War I movement, active from about 1913 to the 1940s. This was the period that saw art, not just for art’s sake but as a tool of social purpose. Created by the Russian avant-garde, constructivist art was addressed to the state of being completely lost in thought with a touch of futurism in it, where the leitmotif being rarely emotional and mostly experimental. In 1917, artist Kazimir Malevich termed the work of another Russian artist and sculptor, Rodchenko as construction art. Basically Russian constructivism was a part of Russian Futurism movement which aimed at portraying the various facets of modern urban life like the hectic lifestyles, liveliness and dynamism involved with it. Sculptors like Antoine Pevsner and Naum Gabo executed Constructivism in the form of geometric abstraction into sculptures. The motive of these activists was to bring about a paradigm shift in the educational system by focusing on the development of arts rather than concentrating on political ideologies only. The main motive of the movement was to include art into daily life, so that it can be accepted as something more than just the finer side of life and will serve a more practical and social purpose. (Jaffé, 144-145) Kazimir Malevich In 1911 Malevich participated in an exhibition of Soyuz Molodyozhi (Union of Youth)a group based in St. Petersburg, along with Vladimir Tatlin and, in 1912, the group held another exhibition, which also had works by some famous artists of the time. By that time his works were influenced by Natalia Goncharova and Mikhail Larionov, who Russian avant-garde painters. In March 1913 a popular display of Aristarkh Lentulov’s paintings was up in Moscow. The exhibition had influences on Malevich and others who immediately started implementing the cubist principles in their art work. In 1914 Malevich exhibited his works in the Salon des Independants in Paris together with Alexander Archipenko, Sonia Delaunay, Aleksandra Ekster and Vadim Meller, among others. (Flower, 227) Some of his works include… Self Portrait 1912. Malevich. Alexander Rodchenko In 1915 Rodchenko made his first abstract drawings, motivated by the Suprematism of Kazimir Malevich, in 1915. In 1920 after being appointed as the Director of the Museum Bureau and Purchasing Fund by the Bolshevik Government he reorganized the art schools and museums. Then in 1921 he joined the Productivist group that preached the absorption of art in everyday life. From 1923 to 1928 Rodchenko worked closely with Mayakovsk on the blueprints of LEF and Novy LEF, the publications of Constructivist artists. Many of his photographs were posted or were used as covers for these journals. His images deleted unnecessary detail, gave more emphasis on dynamic diagonal composition, and were concerned with the placement and movement of objects in space. (Overy, 29-34) Some of his works include… Dance by Rodchenko. Circles-Rodchenko. Lyubov Papova Lyubov Popova was a Russian born artist.