ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Education is one of the ways to increase efficiency in using technology. Productivity relies on efficiency and technology. Computers have complemented the skills of those that are educated. Technology enhances productivity, which accounts for income differences between countries. Technology removes the limit set by diminishing marginal returns because it changes how factors of production are combined. A society needs to increase both physical capital and human capital to lead to a long-term steady growth. Increasing physical capital alone will reach a point where economic growth stops because of disparity in the factors of production. The main way in which governments can assist its people is through education systems. Analysis The article states that “the main way in which governments can help their people through this dislocation is through education systems.” 1 Dislocation refers to the act of people being replaced by machines at the workplace. Automation results in fewer people required to complete a task. As more automation is taking place, more people will be displaced in the short run. Weil explains that computers have complemented the skills that the educated have, increasing their productivity, and income. 2 Education provides a method to increase the development of new technology through human capital accumulation. It also provides a way of increasing productivity by increasing efficiency and augmenting technology as a combination of inputs. Technology enhances productivity, which accounts for income differences between countries 3 . Weil explains that development accounting refers to the technique of finding out the differences in income attributed to productivity. Countries with high levels of technology have higher productivity levels. In the two-country model, Weil explains that the growth rate of the country that leads in technology and the one that lags behind are equal. The company that leads incurs the cost of R & D, and the country that copies has a lower cost in copying. The country that leads has more workers under R & D, which does not contribute to the final output directly. Countries that engage in R & D realize a rise in the number of intangible assets, which offer an opportunity for jobs. 4 The technology developed by the leading country is able to sustain both the economic growth of the country developing technology, and the user of technology. The developing country will rely on sales of physical capital and intangible assets to create new jobs. Efficiency measures how effectively the factors of production and technology have been combined. 5 Productivity is a function of efficiency and technology. Efficiency relies on using the least inputs to give the highest output. As a result of efficiency, adop
What is your evaluation of Michael Dell’s performance in his roles as Dell’s CEO and Chairman? How well has he performed the five tasks of crafting and executing a strategy that was discussed in Chapter 2? The performance of Michael Dell as CEO and Chairman was excellent, his dynamic leadership, innovative marketing concept, and time-worthy decision guided Dell to turn it into the global giant of the information technology-related product and services. His excellent communication and easy accessibility, emphasis on the talented people and entrust control over the subordinates turned him into a role model to the juvenile executives and he established himself as the chief strategist for direct sales approach in the IT product and service market. From the case study, it has been evidenced that as CEO of Dell Michael Dell performed such duties and responsibilities that commercially appointed CEOs may never perform for instance he traveled door to door to meeting customers, checking their demands, scrutinizing the outcomes of different strategies and the extents of customer’s satisfaction. The unparallel leadership of Michael Dell was again proved when he shifted the responsibility of CEO to Kevin Rollins, it demonstrated the most devastating impact on the performance of the company through slowed down in 2006 and the board was bound to resettle Michael Dell as the CEO of the company including chairman of the board. Michael Dell engaged his talent and innovation at crafting & executing Dell’s strategy in a very simple format – ‘PCs could be assembled by the order directly to the customer’ this strategic vision contains four doctrines such as well-built direct customer relationship, facilitate customers to obtain the customized product, providing efficient technology along with strong supply chain for the company. Michael Dell empowered the company in an extent stage where it has enabled to deliver any added value to customers with most up-to-date technology combining best performance and efficiency that would be accountable to customers ensure them the maximum return on investment for their along with non-proprietary as well as standardized technologies carry out most excellent value for the customers. What are the elements of Dell’s strategy? Which one of the five generic competitive strategies is Dell employing? How well do the different pieces of Dell’s strategy fit together? In what ways is Dell’s strategy evolving? According to the given case during 2002–2007, the seven core elements such as –   * Introducing build-to-order assembling services in a more and more cost-efficient way;   * Close collaboration with suppliers to constrict a cost-effective solution for the supply chain;   * To engage the best effort to maximize direct sales techniques to increase more and more customers,   * exploring new product and s
Ross and colleagues conducted a cross-sectional correlational study among HIV-positive pregnant women to determine predictors of depressive symptoms (Ross, Sawatphanit and Zeller, 2009). They examined self-esteem, emotional support, and physical symptoms as the main predictors of depressive symptoms. These researchers hypothesized that depressive symptoms were negatively associated with self-esteem and emotional support, but positively correlated with physical symptoms (Ross et al., 2009). The researchers used convenience sampling to enlist 127 HIV-positive pregnant women in five hospitals in Thailand (Ross et al., 2009). Registered nurses (RNs) in each hospital identified participants who were aged 18 years and above. RNs used the Western blot method to identify HIV-positive pregnant women with no history of psychiatric-mental health problems and drug abuse. The study was conducted in five prenatal clinics in Thailand. The study findings indicated that 78% of 127 respondents noted some extents of depressive symptoms. There was a positive correlation between physical symptoms (β=.192, p<.05) and depressive symptoms while a negative relationship with depressive symptoms were in self-esteem (β=-.442, p<.001), emotional support (β=.193, p<.001) and financial status (β=-.209, p<.01). The study concluded that depressive symptoms facilitated the development of immunodeficiency syndrome among HIV-positive persons (Antelman et al., 2007). The result showed high levels of depressive symptoms among participants. Thus, it was necessary to test such patients for depressive symptoms. Moreover, the study also noted that it was imperative to identify and treat causes of physical symptoms while self-esteem and emotional support for HIV-positive pregnant women required strengthening in Thailand.
People have always tried to find the meaning in their life and understand what death is. The novel White Noise by Don Delillo dwells upon these eternal issues. The author explores the ways people see death, and it is clear that those are approaches apparent in society. It is necessary to note that ideas concerning death are quite different, and some of them are somewhat delirious. At the same time, there is an approach which is the most suitable for the contemporary world. Interestingly, one of the most analytical characters of the book articulates the sanest idea concerning death. First of all, it is necessary to mention a number of ideas which are incomplete or even wrongful. This idea can reveal the completeness and precision of the most comprehensive approach. For instance, Jack, the protagonist of the novel, notes that people were “forced to recognize the existence of the second kind of death” (Delillo 240). People take part in certain simulations, which make it clear that humans can be driven crazy by any idea of death. Clearly, people should not be forced to understand that death is inevitable as they are not forced to accept that the sun shines or the moon affects tides. It is wrong to make people see death as something horrible or horrifying as it is a fact and the law of nature. People should accept it like any other natural law. Of course, there is no need to expose people to any other kinds of death as it can be only a natural act which cannot be (and should not be) simulated. These simulations increase anxiety. People have to focus on life and their positive attitude towards everything inevitable in the world. It is noteworthy that one of the sanest ideas concerning death is articulated by a scientist who is accustomed to question all ideas and approaches and rely on facts. Thus, Winnie asks, “Doesn’t it give precious texture to life, a sense of definition?” (Delillo 238). Clearly, this sense of definition makes lots of people appreciate what they have. People feel that there will be the end, and they tend to try to do something meaningful in their lives. Death is really “the boundary” people truly need to understand they are living (Delillo 238). It is important to note that Winnie reveals one of the secrets of the universe and puts it into simple words saying, “You have to ask yourself whether anything you do in this life would have beauty and meaning without the knowledge you carry of a final line, a border or a limit” (Delillo 238). People could hardly acknowledge the miraculous and beautiful part of their life without knowing that it will end. This idea is supported by the end of the story of Jack’s attempt to kill his enemy. Jack comes back and watches his children sleep. This scene shows that Jack has done a lot in his life and has a lot to do as he is responsible for his children. The miracle of people’s life is to live and have their purpose. Bringing up children is one of the universal purposes p
Introduction Public policies in the United States play a significant role in shaping the federal governance. Every law enforced must respect human rights and freedom, in other words, the U.S. laws are there to protect its citizens (Clark 345). Through several tremendous efforts by the U.S. government to undertake amendments within the enforced laws, life decision-making laws like “right to die” have undergone incredible changes. According to Rosenfeld, the right to death law emerged fifteen years ago and it refers to a citizen’s federal constitutional right of self-determination to end his or her life decisions (468). Personally, despite being constitutionally right, termination of one’s life and refusal to medication is awful and it is a suicidal case. In the ever-changing world, there might be treatment for one’s condition after some time say six months and thus patients should hold on a little longer The U.S. government branches involved in the policy The right to die policy, as stated above, emerged through the U.S. government law amendment; therefore, it is ultimately a government issue. Just like any other nation in the world, the U.S. government has several departments engaged in law and policymaking. Normally, before enacting any right, including the right to die policy, the bill in question undergoes several government arms during amendments. According to DiCamillo (807), this policy resulted from the advancement of medical technologies that the U.S government initiated over several decades ago. In the context of amending and enforcing laws and policies including the right to die policy in the U.S, involvement of key
Case Study Case study is a research method that is usually employed when the researcher might be interested in conducting an explorative study but not prescriptive study. In the research method, the researcher could be free to explore and tackle issues as they arise. This means that the method is flexible, which means that the researcher could address broad questions before tackling narrower questions. The method is focuses on the context of the study implying that it employs the technique of thick description. This strategy helps in bridging the gap between the theoretical study and actual practice, which allows canvassers to offer a comparison of data (Seglin 2003, p. 8). However, the method is believed to be weak because it is too subjective. This means that the results neither could be evaluated nor could be implemented since they are the views of the researcher. Furthermore, the method is too expensive since the researcher would have to stay with the researched in order to study their behaviour. This study cannot employ the case study method because of the ethical issues. Since this is an academic research
The influence of the Central Bank of Bahrain has grown impressively over the past few decades, with a rapid transformation in the realm of the global economy and an impressive change in its approach towards coordinating money supply. However, it has also been noticed that the tools used by the bank are rather scarce – with such tools as net transactions change, which, in its turn, leads to a change in the reserve requirements, the bank is capable of making major alterations in the money supply, yet such a policy comes at a price, seeing how Bahrain’s the financial stability leaves much to be desired. By introducing more diverse tools and another method of money supply regulation, such as the open market operations, and utilizes modern tools of money supply control, including a direct control over the consumer’s credit and interest rates on credit cards, the Central Bank of Bahrain will create the environment, which will be more favorable for the evolution of the local banks and SMEs. Indeed, according to the 2009 report, the Central Bank of Bahrain tends to rely on the policy of changing the reserve requirements a little too much (Central Bank of Bahrain, 2009, p. 1).It is quite remarkable that the Central Bank of Bahrain tends to adopt the reserve requirement strategy, which is usually defined as rather uncertain in terms of its outcomes because of the vast and powerful effect that it has on the state economy. To the credit of the Central Bank, the strategy chosen to affect the money supply seemed to be working relatively well in the past; according to the 2009 report, the prognosis for the following years was very promising, with a “5.8% increase over the end‐2008 level” (Central Bank of Bahrain, 2009, p. 3) and the BD (Bahrain Dinars) reaching 8,404.2 million (Central Bank of Bahrain, 2009, p. 3). Nevertheless, the reports dated 2010 and 2011 show a less optimistic tendency (Central Bank of Bahrain, 2010). It is assumed that the bank should adopt the open market regulations principle and try exercising a direct control over consumers’ credit (Central Bank of Bahrain, 2011). Money supply regulation is conducted by the Federal Reserve (Ritter, Sinler & Udell, 2013). The process can be defined as the total amount of financial assets that exist within a specific economy at the specific time slot and is carried out by changing the reserves rates in the bank system, thus, making the deposit creation multiplier alter (Thomas, 2005). According to the Federal Reserve Balance sheet, the FR operates bonds by buying and selling them in the financial market (Boyes & Melvin, 2012). The former a
Sherritt International Corporation is a Canadian mining firm that entered the Cuban market in order to tap into the lucrative nickel market. Cuba owns about 30% of the world’s nickel reserves, and this has offered it the opportunity to attract international corporations to invest in the country. Sherritt specialises in mining nickel, processing it, and then exporting this important mineral to various parts of the global market. The decision to move into the Cuban market was motivated by the fact that most of the United States’ firms were barred by the American laws to trade in this country. The price of nickel was also on the rise consistently given the increasing relevance of stainless steel and other alloys made from this mineral. Mission and Vision It is important to understand the mission and vision of the firm of Sherritt International Corporation in order to be able to understand some of its strategic moves in the Cuban market. The vision of the firm is to be the leading producer and exporter of nickel in the global market. The entry into the Cuban market that has been shunned by many American firms is one of the ways through which this vision can be achieved. The mission of the firm is to continuously work with the local community as it seeks to produce and export nickels into the international market for the benefit of all the stakeholders. The government stands to benefit from this firm through the job opportunities it creates to the local community, and through taxation. The firm has also engaged in corporate social responsibility as a way of boosting the living standards of the local community in the areas where it operates. Strategy Choices The strategy choices that Sherritt International Corporation made when entering the Cuban market were based on the Cuban government regulations. One of the strategies was based on the management of the employees of this firm. It partnered with the Cuban government, especially when it comes to managing the employees. The employees of this firm are hired, paid, and disciplined by the government of Cuba. The management of this firm has no control over these employees. It pays the government to pay its employees. In case the management had an issue with any of the employees, it had to inform the government over the issue and the decision they desire the government to take. It will be the responsibility of the government to take actions at a time that it considers appropriate. SWOT Analysis It is important to understand some of the internal and external factors that may affect the operations of the firm in the global market. In order to understand these factors, a SWOT analysis would be appropriate at this stage. The strength of this firm lies in its financial strength. The firm has a financial capacity to support all its operational costs in the Cuban market. This is supported by the successful operations it has experienced in the home country in Canada. The experience it has in this field also acts as another important strength for this firm in this market.
Introduction There is a whole new revolution taking place silently; – from days when music lovers hung on to gramophones and proudly displayed their collection of LP records, we have reached an age when personal computers are being converted to digital jukeboxes that can hold thousands of songs and every music lover is given the power to access music from all over the world. While this transition sounds a delightful one, the music industry is finding it increasingly difficult to adapt to the evolutionary changes in the way music is being streamed, stored, listened and propagated, creating problems for the marketing of music as well. The advent of MP3 formatting of music files has reduced the dependence of music lovers on tapes, vinyl records, and compact discs. The internet has infinitely altered the music landscape and ushered in new dimensions to the way music is being broadcast. There is access to a much wider selection of music and this, in turn, has created what can be called the music marketer’s challenge – selling digitalized music to a global market. Online music marketing For maximization of sales and reach, music should cater to an audience
Introduction Parkinson’ disease (PD) is a common chronic medical condition among the elderly population and it affects the nervous system. It is therefore a neurodegenerative disorder that begins to show symptoms in early 60s though some cases the symptoms can start as early as age 40. The disease is characterized by unilateral onset of clinical bradykinesia, postural rigidity and rigidity as well as resting tremors. This simply means that this chronic and progressive condition affects body movement. L-DOPA therapy is often given in addition to diagnosis criteria. PD is regarded as the second-most commonly diagnosed disease of the nervous system among the elderly population after Alzheimer’s disease. Population Demographics General Impact on Health Market The prevalence of PD is estimated to be 0.5 to 1% among men and women aged between ages 65 and 69 while for those aged above 80 years, the prevalence is 1 to 3%. In general, the disease affects 1 to 2% of the people above 60 years tough the disease has been diagnosed among younger people below 60 year as well (Willis et al, 2010, p. 143). The symptoms can begin to appear before a patient reaches 40 in 5-10% of patients. Recent studies have indicated that the disease had inn incident rate of 16-19 per 100,000 people. According to the statistics provided by the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation, at least one million people in the US are affected by the disease and there are over four million cases worldwide (Willis et al, 2010, p. 143). Sex statistics indicate that men are more vulnerable to this medical condition compared to men across the races with a 3-2 ratio between ages 60 and 69. Nonetheless, at the ages over 75 years the ratio of the disease occurrence is the same for both sexes. Willis et al, 2010, p. 143 studies on the racial incidence statistics show that Caucasians are more prone to the disease than the African Americans (lowest prevalence), Hispanics and Asians with a prevalence of 66-187 cases per 100,000 people per year. Whereas the Caucasians are most vulnerable, African American living in the same location will have same prevalence to suffer PD as the Caucasians. While PD is a disease common in the aging population, at least 40% of the patients could be under-diagnosed; therefore, as statistics indicate that about 1 million people in the US are having the disease, the number could be much greater (Willis et al, 2010, p. 145). This because the disease presents varying symptoms which are in most cases misdiagnosed. PD has become an expanding medical problem in the current or modern society as the incident rate keep on increasing despite improving medical care. As the world continues to face burgeoning elderly population, it is pertinent for the community health nurses to be in a good position to care and manage these patients (Huse, 2005, p. 1451). The impact of these increasing numbers has been seen in the increased numbers of new researches in this field even though the cause of idiopathic PD remains much of a mystery. There has been increased participation of local and nations agencies that seek to offer the patients and their caregivers a proper education, sup