ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is possible to determine several core competencies for nurses while speaking about the quality of their work and provided care. However, it is also important to pay attention to specific competencies that are related to the field of leadership in nursing. Coaching and mentoring should be discussed as competencies that need to be associated with the nurse’s leader role (Hamric, Hanson, Tracy, & O’Grady, 2013, p. 193). From this point, it is important to state why coaching and mentoring need to be considered as nurses’ core competencies, what coaching activities can be performed, and what mentoring activities can be considered as meaningful. Coaching and Mentoring as Core Competencies It is significant to discuss coaching and mentoring as nurses’ core competencies because one of the responsibilities typical for advanced nurse practitioners is staff education and development. The roles and responsibilities of advanced nurses are rather expanded today, and it is expected that nurses will work not only as care providers but also as leaders who are mentors and role models for those nurses who only start working in the concrete environment (Thompson, Wolf, & Sabatine, 2012, p. 536). In this context, mentoring is an important responsibility for advanced nurses oriented to transfer their knowledge to other nurses effectively. Coaching is also associated with providing guidance for other nurses; however, the scope of coaching is wider, and it is expected that nurses will provide guidance for patients on their health (Thompson et al., 2012, p. 538). From this point, it is also impossible to ignore coaching as a competence. The Coaching Activity Coaches work with patients individually, while focusing on their specific needs. Therefore, the most typical coaching activity that needs to be discussed in this area is a lecture on ways to prevent epidemics in the community. In order to work effectively as a coach, it is necessary to address the risks of epidemics for each patient individually, depending on the patient’s everyday activities, health status, and lifestyle (Clavelle, Drenkard, Tullai-McGuinness, & Fitzpatrick, 2012, p. 196). From this point, strategies implemented by coaches need to be both individual and effective to address the needs of each person in the community (Thompson et al., 2012, p. 538). While conducting a lecture on the risks of epidemics for the patient, a good coach also takes into account the patient’s medical history and level of responsibility among other factors. The Mentoring Activity In order to improve leadership, communication, and decision-making skills, a mentor can provide an advanced nurse with case studies that are important to be analyzed while developing an appropriate scenario and a professional solu
Introduction While studying the French Revolution of 1789 and the Napoleonic Wars of 1803-1815, I was challenged by the question of their impact on the ideas of nations. In order to understand and develop this topic I would like to tell you some historical facts. Main text The Napoleonic Wars involved French Empire of the Napoleon period, a number of European allies and coalitions that were opposed to the Napoleon’s conquest. Napoleon’s power rose very quickly. He conquered most of Europe, but failed in the France’s invasion of Russia in 1812. As the result of these events there was a collapse of the Napoleon’s Empire, the Bourbon monarchy was revived in France again. Meanwhile French occupation of Spain had weakened. The Spanish Empire began to stand up for its independence from France in the question of holding over its colonies. So here we can see the direct impact of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars on the ideas of the Spanish nation. The Spanish Empire provided a certain opening for nationalist revolutions in the territory of Latin America. There are couple of versions of the Napoleonic Wars ending. First one relates it to the Waterloo (18 June 1815) and the Second Treaty of Paris (Scott, 1992, pp. 443-469). Another version, which predominates in the United Kingdom, asserts that the end of the Napoleonic Wars should be referred to as the Anglo-French Second Hundred Years’ War of 1689 – 1815 (Crouzet, 1996, pp. 432-450). If we are talking about war between Britain and France of 1803–1814, then we need to mention that Britain remained at war throughout the whole period of the hostilities of the Napoleonic Wars. The British Army gave a great support to the Spanish strike in the Peninsular War of 1808-1814. So we can see that Britain actually helped the Spanish nation to embody its national ideas. Britain was very powerful state at that time and its influence on the European economy was great. The French government thought that cutting the United Kingdom off from the Continent would be a good way to end its economic influence over Europe and would isolate it. That is why French designed the Continental System, but it never succeeded in its objective. So I guess we can say that the impact of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars on the ideas of the British nation was very important, because they strengthened British nation in the idea that their nation is strong because of its economic supremacy and its geographical location. In 1812 Napoleon invaded the Russian Empire. After being defeated, Napoleon had left his army and urgently returned to Paris. The impact of this war on the ideas of the Russian nation can be described as a consolidation of these people against outer threats. As a conclusion I would like to say that the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars brought great changes to the European continent and made a great impact on the ideas of different nations. By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, France was no longer the dominant force in Europe, as it had been since the times of the French king – Louis XIV. The United Kingdom became firmly one of the most
The period in the United States history between 1945 and 1963 can be considered among the most fundamental timeframes that contributed to the shaping of the country as we know it today. No sooner than the end of the Second World War, the country entered the territory of the Cold War that took place between capitalism and communism. The stark contrast between the fundamental visions and ideologies of the Soviet Union and the United States caused a distrust between the two giants and facilitated the fear of each other’s military strength. The fear subsequently caused the race to influence as many allies as possible and convert them to either ideology. The United States facilitated a series of accomplishments targeted at showing the country’s superiority over the Soviet Union, which dramatically boosted innovation and drove the morale and patriotism of U.S. citizens, further increasing consumerism, shifting roles of women, new music, the civil rights movement, and religious acceptance. 1 Between 1963 and 1971, the United States witnessed a dramatic transformation of the society that was fueled by activism, social unrest, tragic assassinations, and cultural conflict, all of which subsequently contributed to the “unraveling of America.” Upon his election as the country’s leader, John F. Kennedy promoted the idea that America was standing on the edge of a New Frontier of new opportunities and threats, which will facilitate the country’s growth in the cold battle against Communist Soviet ideologies. The President acknowledged the rights of minorities across the country and became a representative of a “pragmatic generation” that looked at challenges with vigor, especially with regards to overshadowing the Soviet Union in the Cold War. 2 Despite such events as the catastrophe in Cuba, the Cuban missile crisis, the Vietnam War, and the unfortunate assassination of the President, the country managed to persevere and achieve high standards of civil rights that have never been present before. Given the
Marketing Objectives The marketing objectives that our company aims to attain are as follows: First, in terms of customer growth, we have a target of one customer, i.e. eBay in the first year and then extend it to Victoria’s Secrets in the second year. But we intend to spread our awareness through the e-retailers like traditional companies such as Nike, Adidas, marks and Spencer, Wal-Mart, who are new entrants in the business. We intend to capture their accounts by the third year. Second, our target is to provide absolutely impeccable service quality to our customers. Though our product is in the B2B arena, we intend to provide customer service to our clients by providing online visual merchandising experience through our software which will enhance the feel of the virtual fitting room and its attractiveness. We will help the clients to store the preferences of their end-customers and their details so that it can be retrieved by the client company to do their product enhancement or do a study on their consumers. But this feature will involve an incremental R&D cost, which we will be able to fulfill only after second year. We want to spread the awareness of our brand internationally. Description of the Target Market Our primary target market for the year 2008 is eBay and the Victoria’s Secrets. EBay has an international presence through the internet and has become the top 10 clothing sites in 2006 with net increase in visits being 20%. Further eBay earns 10% of the entire world’s ecommerce sales. (www.fashionunited.co.uk/news/eBay.htm) Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the number of customers available with eBay who are active and the number are increasing over the years. Increase in customer base over the years will definitely increase our revenue and make our association with the company profitable. Figure 2. Further figure 3 shows the revenue status eBay had till 2003 which actually gives us a glimpse of the increasing financial stronghold of the company and the expected sales that where are expected to get from being associated with this company. Victoria’s Secrets has seen a sales increase of 20% over 2007 and is expected to grow further with its increasing online sales went from practically zero in 1998 to over $200 million in 2001. Table 1. Annual Income Statements. Source: Hoovers. All amounts in millions of US Dollars. Year    Revenue  Gross Profit  Operating Income  Total Net Income  Diluted EPS (Net Income) Jan 07  3,700.0  —             —                 —                 —                        Jan 06  3,222.0  —             —                 —                 —                        Jan 05  3,113.0  —             —                 —                 —                         As table 1 shows that there exists an increasing trend of revenue state for Victoria’s Secrets. In 1998, man
Critique The article under consideration is concerned with the way business celebrities are presented in contemporary society and the reasons for such trends. It is a fact that Steve Jobs was one of the most famous and admired business persons in the world during his life and became an iconic figure after his death. At the same time, Streeter (2015) notes that this popularity and admiration are not determined solely by the inspiring leader, but shaped by the overall values and beliefs existing in society. The researcher’s claim concerning ‘romanticism’ is quite relevant as society views individuals as capable and worthy of making a difference. Loners who oppose the society are favorably accepted and are often regarded as messiahs, which is also reflected in various films made in the 2010s. The same trends have been true for the business world as well, and many researchers have paid significant attention to it. One of the most valuable aspects of this article is that the author explains the way these beliefs and values occurred not just restates what has already been proven. Another strength of the article is that the author takes into account political and social aspects when considering the development of business icons. Apart from people’s focus on iconic rebels, the value of the article increases as the author provides insights into the way a favorable image of corporations are created through the development of an enigmatic figure of their leaders. The author’s argument concerning the nature of such innovators’ uniqueness is rather eye-opening as it becomes clear that Steve Jobs was only one of the thousands who contributed to innovation. This opinion is not quite heard among the voices of admirers, but the author’s position is well-grounded and is likely to attract more attention later when the trends in the social change. Clarify Streeter (2015) manages to explain the roots of the American romanticism in business. The author claims that Americans lived through the stages of “big industry” and “the giant corporation” and entered the “age of the entrepreneur” (Streeter, 2015, p. 3112). The way the society turned to neoliberalism is rather remarkable as people got tired of corporations as well as governmental control and longed for certain individual liberty in business. Entrepreneurship provided this freedom. Streeter (2015) emphasizes that Steve Jobs is not a prodigy who changed the world but the product of certain trends that existed in the society at that moment. The author states that people loved hearing about successful loners who broke rules and listened to their inner selves. The media provided the public with the necessary stories. Steve Jobs was one of the examples of neoliberalism that became popular in the second half of the twentieth century. It is necessary to note that people made Jobs iconic not his abilities or achievements. This important observation unveils the secrets of the business world as well as the way human society evolves. It is also clear that media reflect societal values by looking for the corresponding stories. For instance, romanticism is still a prevalent trend in the wo
Introduction A strategic alliance is a partnership between firms in which resources, abilities and core competences of firms unite for achievement of the best result, “a credible group of individuals brought together to accomplish a specific goal or purpose which will benefit all members of the group in some way.”(Building Alliances 1999) In the field of airlines, British Airlines is a perfect example of a company that formed alliances providing both successes and failures. A member of One World alliance – “a global alliance that brings together ten of the world’s biggest and best airlines” (British Airlines 2008), British Airlines failed to have an agreement of an alliance with US Airlines (Evans 2003, p.340), ended a merger deal with Qantas airways(Foley 2008) and currently in planned alliance with American Airlines. This analyzes alliances in terms of benefits and disadvantages, particularly in the context of airlines business. Purpose The motivation for forming airline alliance was introduced in by British airlines where an analysis had been conducted to identify “the key driving forces shaping the world economy and in turn the airline industry” (Evans 2003, p.337). Thus, the motivation for forming was identified as the information Revolution, global economic restructuring and global completion. In that sense alliances are formed with a purpose of extending networks, where “it is difficult for a single airline to create a truly global network” (Park 1997, p.181). In that context, the alliance would allow more efficiency from teamwork, than could be reached by se
Horror films have become one of the fundamental genres of cinema, the popularity of which is not inferior to the other styles. The reason for it is the specific reaction of the target audience, namely a powerful emotional impulse. Moreover, it becomes a psychological relief for some persons, which helps to distract from one’s problems. Horror films are not the modern version of public lynching; they formulate a way for people to obtain a strong emotional response through fear. Fear is a primary human emotion, which manifests itself as an instinct for self-preservation, namely a reaction to a potential threat. It may seem strange for one that people pay money to feel such an unpleasant emotion while watching horror films. However, in the essay Why We Crave Horror Movies , Stephen King argued that people aim to re-establish their feelings of essential normality (King, 1). In other words, one tries to reset their ordinary feelings for many reasons. Some are distracting from problems in this way, others get a dose of adrenaline, and sometimes horror films become a way to throw out their emotions in a movie theater and not on other people. Any art must evoke emotion and promote the individual experiencing ethical pleasure. Watching horror movies seems to have nothing to do with the ethical aspect. However, the success of horror movies, to more extent than other genres, depends on the audience’s reaction (Glasby, 7). The strong reaction makes horror films stand out in terms of the criteria for assessing art. Indeed, few people can lag behind absolutely indifferent when watching scary scenes. Besides, the powerful emotional response makes horror films so popular and successful nowadays. To conclude, one identified that horror films do not formulate a form of modern public lynching. They are the one’s method to receive the bright, emotive response. There are various reasons for it, beginning from obtaining psychological discharge and ending to distracting from reality and one’s urgent problems. The audience’s reaction is the key point to evaluating the horror film’s success and why it is considered art. Works Cited Glasby, Matt. The Book of Horror: The Anatomy of Fear in Film . Quarto Publishing Group UK, 2020. King, Stephen. Why We Crave Horror Movies. Web.
Macrophage and Its Role in Wound Healing Local immune cells include resident macrophages that activate their hosts and help them engage in healing. In their article, Koh and DiPietro study the process of wound recovery with maximum attention being paid to the inflammatory response of these cells (1). Neutrophils arrive as the dominant components infiltrating open wounds; at earlier stages of repair, macrophages deal with acute inflammatory conditions by removing the given infiltrators (Koh and DiPietro 2). At the final stage, T lymphocytes appear to start the process of remodeling and initiate scar formation. The authors emphasize that macrophages participate in all repair phases and can influence those (Koh and DiPietro 3). The experiments conducted by the researchers have shown that wounds depleted of macrophages demonstrated delayed wound closure and decreased collagen synthesis. Without the mediators and cytokines, these cells produce the process of recovery tends to last for longer. The study suggests that macrophages can transit from a pro-inflammatory to reparative or alternative phenotype; the latter is characterized by the switch from inflammation to the proliferation of cells in a healing wound. As the researchers indicate, “M1 microphages are induced to develop into a novel M2-like phenotype via an IL-4/IL-13-independent manner” (Koh and DiPietro 4). The findings show that the M1 phenotype is mostly present at earlier repair stages, while M2-like analog occurs during its later phases. Macrophages can influence the healing process through the production of proteases stimulating ECM synthesis and fostering remodeling. With regar
Paul Rand, an American, born Peretz Rosenbaum in 15 th August 1914, was best known for his graphic designs especially corporate logos. Among his credits as originator of a graphic design style known as Swiss, Paul designed several corporate identities and posters such as the Yale, Bull eyes, which were influenced, to some extent, by other designers. Therefore, Dewey has significantly contributed to the sentiments in Rand’s graphic designs. Yale Bull eyes, 1992. Influences on the work of Paul Rand Paul Rand, a recluse who preferred working in solitary, explored into other artists work gaining knowledge that enriched his theories. Moholy-Nagy, for instance, might have initiated Paul’s interests to acquire knowledge during their first encounter. Heller (1997) points out that Rand read various works of art by philosophers such as Alfred N. Whitehead, Roger Fry, and John Dewey. As a result, these great thinkers made an indelible impression on Paul’s designs; in fact, in an interview with Kroeger Michael in 1995, Paul indicates the influence of Dewey’s theories on his work when he retorted that every time reads Dewey’s Art as Experience, he gets “something new” as well as “good things”. Furthermore, this influence is further illustrated in, Thoughts on Design, where Rand uses Dewey’s reasoning that modern art should consider “functional aesthetic perfection” (Paul, 1947). Paul (1947) further insists that graphics should have the capability of retaining their identifiable quality in such occurrences like mutilation or blurring; the Yale Bulls Eye is one of the corporate identities that Rand emphasis this assertion. The key ideology that had the most significant impact on Rand’s graphic design was his most revered modernist theory. Paul embraced the work of great artists like Jan Tschichold and Paul Cezanne, and regularly borrowed the concept of these artists creative output. He agrees that art is not all about “grandiose concepts” where he comments on the Cezanne’s apples, Leger’s machines, Duchamp’s urinals, Schwitters’ rubbish and Picasso’s guitars (Paul, 185). The concept of making the ordinary strange, an idea that was widely seen in Viktor Shklovsky work, made a part in Rand’s choices of designs. As witnessed in Yale Bulls Eye, his association with manufacturers also encouraged him to create original and lively designs. The Swiss Style The Swiss Style emphasizes on objectivity, readability and cleanliness factors that are exemplified by the Yale Bulls Eye. Asymmetrical layout is notable with the use of photography as opposed to drawings or illustrations. Topography was a key element for this style in traditional designs. Rands work is a perfect example. Conc