ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The problem of alienation is typical of the literature of the first half of the 20th century: this could be fairly considered as one of the postmodernist tradition’s displays. Though Franz Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis” and Nathanael West’s “The Day of the Locust” were published in 1915 and 1939, the theme of alienation is present in both of them, which meets the cultural context of those times. “The Metamorphosis” is one of the most famous works written by a German-speaking Bohemian writer Kafka who actively criticized the capitalistic organization of society (Ullah et al. 3). Meanwhile, “The Day of the Locust” originates from the American literature tradition and is closer to the satirical genre. Nevertheless, despite the a priori differences, these pieces have a lot in common. This essay aims to prove the following idea: in their works, Kafka and West demonstrate that the system creates modernist alienation for the main characters from the reality they exist in. In this work, this thesis is examined in two dimensions: 1) alienation from the people and the life around and 2) from the moral center and self. Modernist Environmental Alienation To begin with, it is essential to define the direct alienation occurring in the plots of the texts under discussion. In “The Metamorphosis,” the disconnect with the family appears to be a separate disappointment in Gregor Samsa’s transformation – but for the pain and disgust of the metamorphosis itself. It can be demonstrated by the relations with Gregor’s sister: “His sister, naturally, tried as far as possible to pretend there was nothing burdensome about it, and the longer it went on, of course, the better she was able to do so, but as time went by Gregor was also able to see through it all so much better. It had even become very unpleasant for him, now, whenever she entered the room. No sooner had she come in than she would quickly close the door as a precaution so that no-one would have to suffer the view into Gregor’s room, then she would go straight to the window and pull it hurriedly open almost as if she were suffocating” (Kafka 19). However, what seems even more critical is that Kafka convinces his readers that this personal alienation was taking place before the tragic transformation itself. On the one hand, there is no mention of friends or, in fact, anyone but for the family members and work colleagues. In a way, the lifestyle of the traveling salesman defines a lack of social interactions and is for Kafka, another proof of the destructive capitalistic nature (Ullah et al. 1). On the other hand, Gregor seems to have not had a comprehensive impression of what his relations with family were like (Kafka 30). The protagonist’s primary motivation at work was almost savin
The automotive industry is one of the most lucrative industries in the world. The marketing aspect was as simple as selling a well-built car and then provide a decent after-sales service. But after a short time, buyers became more sophisticated and as a result auto manufacturers had to develop more effective marketing strategies to succeed in a highly competitive world (Heath, 1997). Customers are no longer interested in one type of car; they demand to have choices such as cars with different features and cars that are energy efficient. Auto-manufacturers had to hire consultants to understand what the market is looking for. These consultants help them understand the target market and provide insights that could help develop products that can make the company profitable (Hutt & Speh, 2010, p.64) The purpose is to anticipate the needs of the consumers and then develops a car that can provide the best comfort using the best technology at a competitive price (Hutt & Speh, 2010, p.64). Therefore, auto-manufacturers will grab every opportunity to market their cars and as a result they are more than willing to participate in a prestigious event like the Geneva Motor Show. The purpose of this essay is to examine the benefits of PR and RM when it comes to the promotion of an international event. At the end of the essay it will be pointed out that the PR and RM activities evident in the Geneva Motor Show was considered effective. The success of the Geneva Motor Show can be attributed to the organiser’s expert use of Public Relations (PR) and Relationship Marketing (RM) strategies. The best way to appreciate public relations is to view it from this perspective: “Public relations creates awareness, educates, and influences public opinion, promotes and protects reputations, and guides organisations to communicate change and to re-examine the values and ethics of their operations” (James, 2006, p.2). A related concept to PR is relationship marketing. It is also about communication but relationship marketing is more than informing the public and its logical base can be understood through the following definition: “Communication adapts the relationship that is required for the committed trading that is necessary to produce mutual enrichment” (Varey, 2002, p.47). The following pages provide an overview of the event and detailed assessment of how the organisers utilised PR and RM strategies. Before going any further it is important to have an overview of the event, “the Geneva Motor Show is held annually at the Geneva Palexpo convention centre and is organised by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles” (Motor Trend, 2011, p.1). The purpose of the event is to provide a venue for exhibitors such as carmakers, manufacturers of automotive products, car tuners, and car dealers to showcase their various products and services. But the true stars of the show ar
Incidences of theft identity are so prevalent in the digital world that there is a need to adopt effective preventive measures. Americans are at higher risk, as a study has found them to be more susceptible to identity theft than other nations (Cook, 2018). The fundamental principle of protection from identity theft is to keep the credit card or social security card safe by keeping them in a locked cupboard and also never leave the house or car unlocked. One can never protect themselves against identity theft entirely, but these measures can mitigate the risk, and I agree with them. Individuals should protect their cell phones with passwords and take only one credit card outside and keep others in a safe location. It is also advisable to pay in cash rather than using a credit card. Moreover, one should ensure that the merchant double-checks their identity by asking for a photo ID. There are three major credit reporting agencies in the U.S. that keep track of all credit cards and payments, including Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion (Irby, 2018). Consumers could approach these agencies and compare their records with the information maintained by these agencies so that any differences could be resolved. Furthermore, I would suggest that individuals must limit the amount of information that they share on social media and be very alert and watchful when using the Internet. Revealing birthdate, phone number, and email ID to millions of users beyond individuals’ social circle makes them easy prey to cyber-thieves. Moreover, placing a fraud alert on credit reports and freezing credit in the case of card loss may shield us from problems, hardships, and monetary losses (Devaney, 2018).
As the concern regarding the preservation of our environment grows because of its impact to our business in the hospitality industry, the need to promote ecologically friendly facilities and practices has been a growing concern if not a standard operating procedure in developing a profitable franchise. True to its ecological sustainability programs on natural resources preservation, reducing harmful impacts of the hotel’s daily actives on the environment and strictly implementing policies such as recycling and continuously educating associates, guests and communities on environmental protection, the hotel, upon opening its latest gym and steps club facility must provide eco-friendly amenities of superior quality to its clients. This paper presents a study on energy bras and pants to be used in the hotel’s newest gym and steps club in providing energy from physical human activities executed inside the sports and recreation areas. The opening of a new facility area would mean an additional cost in terms of the resources for the hotel. Aside from construction and equipment costs needed for the creation of our gym and steps club, a toll on the area’s environment resources would also be consumed additionally by the hotel as a whole. In our campaign to reduce and conserve water and energy, energy bras and pants for clients who want to avail our gym and steps club facility might be of great contribution to our environmental preservation advocacy. Hotel staff, especially those in the front desk, must encourage newly checked in guests to use our gym and steps club amenities. As our way of extending our services to clients, we will be offering, free of charge, energy bras for women and energy pants for men to promote our latest health and fitness center and the services that come along with it. The act of the offer will encourage our clients to work out in our new facility division at the same time while they are exercising; they will surely exert energy from their bodies thus producing sustainable power through the bras and pants given to them. The energy bras and pants can help charge a phone, laptop and other small devices. While our clients go to the gym and work out wearing our energy bras or pants they can help power any device they like or even give back energy to the hotel as a whole. Gym charges are not free and clients will be charge from the use of our amenities. Only the energy clothing will be considered a complimentary item from the hotel. The opening of new recreational activity centers such as the gym and steps club can be a problem in terms of the energy consumption with the lights, air conditioning and other exercise machines needed to cater to the needs of guests who want to work out at our center
In the present-day world, the relation between a man and the environment has become closer than ever, since the scale of people’s actions is becoming increasingly huge. The effects of technological development on the plants, the animals and the environment in general are tremendous, which makes a good cause for studying these effects to figure out whether people’s actions will change the environment forever. At present, a tight connection between people’s activities and the changes in the geography of the planet can be observed, which means that people’s impact on the world geography must be studied. Once establishing the connection between people’s activities and the changes which have occurred recently in the climate of the planet, as well as the change of the animals’ habitat and the extinction of certain species of animals and plants, one can possibly suggest the solutions for the current geographical issues (Janelle, Warf & Hansen, 2004). Among the most certain effects which people have had on the world environment, global warming must be considered once again (Harris, 2012). Since, according to the recent discoveries, the threat of global warming has been greatly exaggerated, it is necessary to reconsider the existing policy towards fighting global warming. As for the second issue which is offered in the given paper, a thorough study of some biological issues is also quite important. Indeed, learning the basic principles of classification of biological organisms is essential for cognizing the world of nature. Hence, it is crucial that the students learn how to classify the existing organisms and into which categories these organisms fall. Regarding the evolution issues, one must keep in mind that the recent reconsiderations of Darwin’s theory are worth being mentioned for the students to get a better idea of the species development. Regarding the topic that touches upon cells and their constituents, it is required that the students be able to tell a plan cell from a zooblast. Once learning the principles according to which plants and animals’ organisms work, one can shape an idea about the way in which the above-mentioned kingdoms relate to each other, as well as figure out what makes the two kingdoms coexist in harmony. Finally, moving to the specifics of animal kingdom, one of the basic elements that helps draw the line between animal kingdom and plants, i.e., nervous system, must be studied thoroughly. Linking the physical and the psychological, the nervous system of a man is one of the mysteries, unmasking which, one can come closer to learning the nature’s greatest secrets. Geography: Raising students’ Awareness Concerning Environmental Issues Use and management of natural resources – year 6, level 3 Organizational resource: Department of Envir
The following chapters main aim is to make a teacher comfortable with mathematical content and feel free in front of a class (Van de Walle, Karp and Bay-Williams 1). The first chapter discusses ideas of leadership which NCTM provides for education in this sphere. It reveals some historical dates of the development of standards of teaching. This chapter also outlines main principles for school mathematics. They are equity, curriculum, teaching, learning, assessment and technology principles. The main sense of each principle is covered. The chapter also enumerates five common standards which are very important for the teaching process and should be implemented. These standards should be applied across all grades. Five process standards are also given. The chapter speculates on the main qualities of a mathematics teacher and professional standards for him. Knowledge obtained from this chapter can be useful while planning a lesson. It is obvious that a teacher should consider all standards which were described here and add them to his lessons. Moreover, he should build a teaching process based on the main principles for School Mathematics, for his lessons to be effective and informative. The list of professional standards can give a teacher the possibility to look on himself from another perspective and determine whether he has them or not in order to develop these standards. Chapter 2 centers around the issue of knowing mathematics. It describes it as a science of pattern and order. The chapter stresses role of mathematics in discovering solutions to certain problems. It also reveals some facts about the environment in class for better understanding of mathematics. Students should not just copy teacher’s actions, but to be stimulated to think and do something by themselves. There is also a list which describes ways to support students in their study. It enumerates some main ideas which can make students be more involved in the process and show better results. There is also a section which engages the reader to submerge in mathematics. It names some problems and their possible solutions. The chapter describes benefits of developing mathematical proficiency and how people can better understand and learn this science. Main ideas from this chapter can also be very useful. It is possible to use them in motivating students and stimulating their own independent work. For example, it is possible to stimulate students to share theoretical ideas, for them to develop collective and critical
There are prominent differences in the early Christian perspective from the Jewish religion. The perception of Jesus Christ is the main difference between the religions. The appearance of Jesus Christ, his crucifixion, and death are the key events for the Christian religion, while Judaism is based on the Mosaic Law that contains ten commandments. Early Christians believe that Jesus is the Messiah, and his appearance fulfills the prophecies in the Old Covenant. During the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus Christ comments on the Mosaic Law and uses the commandments to create the New Covenant. Jews do not believe that Jesus is the Messiah and think that the Mosaic Law is created only for Jewish people who obey all the requirements including circumcision. After his conversion, Paul the Apostle argues that the faith in Jesus Christ is enough for salvation. Jesus Christ and his followers do not try to isolate their religion by one culture. In comparison to the early Christianity, the key elements of Second Temple Judaism are the Temple and the Priesthood. The priests become the main authorities in the theocracy while Jesus is considered as a teacher who reads his followers his own interpretations of the Mosaic Law.
Abstract The absolute necessity of phonetic alphabets is now almost universally recognised by practical teachers and also by scientific philologist. All the objections that prejudice and irrational conservatism have been able to devise have been successfully met by the phonetic alphabet. Introduction In the languages spoken all over the world, the letters in the orthography do not always have an exact correspondece with the speech sound in the pronounciation of words. This fact does not matter to native speakers of a particular language, but in case of foreigners who do not learn pronounciation along with phonetic symbols and depend only on their teachers, wrong pronounciation will go along with them during entire study. Languages whose orthography does not tell much about sounds for example English, or whose many letters are silent like French, phonetic conversion is difficult not only for learners but also for linguists. As in the word scissors, (sc) stands for s, the double (ss) stands for z, but the letter r is silent in British English. Necessity of phonetic alphabet It is very neccessory to the one who speaks any of the language, to have the knowledge of use of phonetic alphabet in the language, so others can understand his words. The difficulty of arriving at any agreement is the multiplicity of possible systems. Any system, however clumsy and arbitary, which clears away only a portion of the irregularities of the existing spelling, is an improvement on it. Any one, for instance, if he likes, can leave the silent w in such words as write, and make night into nite, thus getting rid of a large number of irregularities at one stroke. In fact, given a hundred human beings of average inteligence level who can read or write, it would be perfectly easy to turn out a lot of different systems of spelling, all of them more or less an improvement on the existing one. It was until lately the state of things –every man did what was right in his own opinion. But after the work of great linguists on a phonetic alphabet, practically everything has been changed, especially within the last ten years. It is now possible from an examination of these various systems to deduce certain general principles, by which all reform must be guide
At present, the challenge of building community is viewed as a task to be performed by dividing different spheres of human life. This position evokes the tension between church and politics, whereas the former provides better cooperation opportunities (Macintyre 2007, 29). Therefore, the modern secular state seems incapable of fully replacing religious congregations’ initiatives due to their significance for enhancing moral values, dealing with discrimination, and protecting essential human freedoms. The first aspect attributed to the Christian perspectives and contrasted by secularity is virtuousness, which is addressed more efficiently by faith-based organizations. The current progress of humanity in understanding the notions of right and wrong and their impact on people’s conduct is a shortened version of initial regulations instilled by religious figures. It resembles fragments of knowledge gained over the centuries-long history, which cannot be restored without solid grounds (Macintyre 2007, 2). This situation can be explained by the lack of agreement of population groups on moral values in a secular context (Macintyre 2007, 6-7). Meanwhile, sufficient guidance in this area is offered by Christianity, which solves the debate through proposing the adoption of millenniums of experience with explicit norms (Macintyre 2007, 39). Hence, its achievements cannot be substituted by the present-day world’s short-term orientation when establishing morality. The second factor allowing to justify the secular state’s ineffectiveness for creating a healthy society compared to religion is the outcomes of the two opposing attitudes in eliminating discrimination. Thus, the first system promotes law-like generalizations based on their alleged suitability to predicting societal issues related to citizens’ equality and their timely resolution (Macintyre 2007, 88). Nevertheless, this view is flawed since the scientific explanation of these phenomena by their logical examination developed by conventional scholars presents the results, which have no connection with reality (Macintyre 2007, 89). In turn, the second way implies the absence of plurality in considering this matter because it is built upon such elements as honor and worth emphasized by Aristotle (Macintyre 2007, 116). From this point of view, their possession by community members defines their relationships with others, which are managed by proper actions stemming from recognizing all people’s similarity in this respect. In this way, the failure of secularity to tackle the described problem should be compensated by effective religious practices. The third idea contributing to the invalidity of division for society’s organization compared to the Christian stance is its adverse effects on basic freedoms’ perceptions. This issue is associated with specific restrictions of the two viewpoints as well as human morality. On the one hand, t
Introduction The article under consideration is called “The theory of research action: a meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for Modifications and future research” and is written by B. Sheppard, Jon Hartrick and Paul Warshaw. The research is dedicated to the analysis of Fishbein and Ajzen models of reasoned action and behavior. The main purpose of the article is to define the limits in which these models can be applied. Main Body The article starts with discussion of the restrictions of those models since the effectiveness of the model can be achieved in specific situations predetermined by the researchers. Thus, to define the application area of the models and their effectiveness in the three limiting conditions, two meta-analyses were conducted. Further on, the author considers those three restricting conditions in detail and analyzes to what extent the Fishbein-Ajzen model can be subjected to the practical application. To start with, the authors emphasize that their model is mostly directed on the customer’s behavioral intention but on the effects of this behavior. Moreover, the model does not presuppose the goal settling. Secondly, Fishbein and Ajzen acknowledged that their model lacks the possibility of choice among different behaviors. That omission leads to the lessening of prediction that depends on the choice process itself. Finally, this model fails to differentiate between the customer’s intention and the customer’s evaluation. Instead, the researchers use these two terms interchangeably. In the next paragraph, the researchers give the description of the meta-analyses to prove the previous presumptions and to make the follo