ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The world of politics is complicated indeed, and all its participants should follow a number of rules, consider special ethics, and believe in personal opportunities respecting the abilities of the others. The case study aims at discussing the political interests, motivations, and opinions explained in the article by Mullinix. The main argument is all about the necessity to understand how different political figures are able to use their knowledge to achieve the best results in their careers. Debate evaluations help the method that is used in the article to comprehend the main idea of presidential debates and their effects on society. The analysis of the article and its findings explains the worth of communication effects, campaigns, and the opinions offered. The paper states that the presidential debates become a good example of a political tool that provides the candidates with a chance to display their skills and appeal to the electorate’s demands more effectively than the opposition in spite of the fact that not all of the electorate can be easily swayed by the chosen activities. Analysis There are a lot of mitigating factors that influence the decisions we make every day as individuals. These factors affect our overall decision patterns as well as our predispositions while choosing our individual stances on a number of important issues. According to Mullinix, successful presidential candidates can appeal to these preferences and reinforce the electorate’s individual opinions regardless of their party affiliations (272). Therefore, electoral success depends on a candidate’s ability to argue the issues and discuss them with the representatives of the opposition. The candidate should not interfere with the electorate’s propensity for motivated reasoning, as their individual attitudes depend on for the formation of personal opinions (Mullinix 273). However, all candidates should be careful with alienate sections of the electorate, try to dominate without neglecting the morals, and accept the validity of their arguments with respect. In politics, some individuals are able to formulate arguments and counterarguments better than the others, and research indicates that this is not a random occurrence. It depends highly on an individual’s interest in politics and leads to the establishment of political sophistication in those with a lot of political interest (Mullinix 274). Such individuals can form counterargume
Executive Summary Canberra is the Capital city of Australia. The city has grown to become an economic hub of the country. With numerous revenue streams that earn the city revenue and contribute to the entire economy of the country, Canberra has leaped into the next level of economic growth. One of the major revenues generating activities of Canberra is tourism. Tourism has grown to become the largest service sector export for the country accounting for over 2.5% of the Australia’s GDP. Over the last decade, the number of tourists visiting the country has fallen raising a major concern about the future viability of tourism as an income generating activity. This fall in the number of tourists has been recorded for both domestic and international tourists. The Australian Capital Tourism has hitherto commissioned a research project on visits to Australia by international tourists. The aim of the research if to have a better understanding of the needs, wants, and satisfaction levels of international tourists. This report studies the various aspects that may be contributing to the decline in the number of tourists visiting the tourist attraction sites in the country. The study uses exploratory and descriptive research methods to come up with the research findings. It uses questionnaires and surveys as the data collection methods. The report also recommends other further research on the areas and recommends the use of other information methods so as to enhance extensive understanding of the field under study. It finally gives the conclusions and recommendation on the topic under study. Introduction This research proposal seeks to establish the means and ways of improving the tourism sector in the Australia Capital Territory and the Entire Australia Economy. The information collection methods that will be used in this research are both descriptive and explanatory methods. The management problem, research problem, and research design will be discussed in this proposal. Canberra is the Capital city of Australia. It is a city that has many economic benefits to the Australian people. Being strategically located it is an economic hub for Australia as it has numerous revenue streams one of which is tourism. Canberra’s tourism attraction comes from the various sites it possesses. The city has many attraction sites in areas of culture, history, indigenous heritage, politics, art, and sport flora and fauna. The city also has exciting offers for leisure tourists such as stylish Restaurants, bars and shops. Background to the Research Tourism constitutes Australia’s highest service export earner contributing about 3% of the country’s total GDP. This coupled with other benefits such as employment makes it a significant factor in the economic growth of the country. As such there is a dire need by the government of Australia to continue improving the tourism related services. This will ensure that the sector continues to grow both as a revenue earner and a source of employment. Over the recent past, tourism secto
Introduction Over the years, numerous processes have been developed to ensure that the handling and storage of food are conducted in a safe and sterile manner. These processes have been developed in response to various types of bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, and a plethora of similar pathogens that can develop in food that has not been handled, processed, or stored properly (Baumgartner 2000, pp. 227-228). The result is cases of food poisoning which can range from mild to severe symptoms. Condrad (2000) points out that the economic reality of countries such as Pakistan, India, Saudi Arabia, and China where a vast majority of the citizenry lives below the poverty line prevents the implementation of ISO 22000 safety standards given the significant extra cost that comes with the implementation of such procedures (Condrad 2000, p. 516). Furthermore, food preparation in certain cultures may seem “dirty” or “unhygienic” to Western standards, however, they have been a part of the traditional knowledge makeup of local society to such an extent that the imposition of new practices to change age-old cultural methods of food preparation is often met with significant local opposition (Al-Kandari & Jukes 2012, pp. 33-46). Lastly, the government imposed safety measures on food storage, handling and preparation differ from country to country as evidenced by the trade restrictions on certain types of food from Asia to the Western world given the differences in food safety standards (Al-Kandari & Jukes 2012, pp. 33-46). It is based on this that this paper will examine the process of food inspection within Saudi Arabia, compare it to Australia which has a relatively high food inspection standard and determine what practices could be implemented for any identified problems. The history of food poisoning in Saudi Arabia When examining the history of food poisoning within Saudi Arabia, most of the cases of food poisoning that occur within the country go unreported to the local health care system. Tajkarimi et al. (2013) explain this by stating that within Saudi Arabia there is a greater cultural predisposition towards more “traditional” methods of dealing with a sudden sickness as compared to their counterparts within the U.S. and the U.K. (Tajkarimi et al. 2013, pp. 116-123). An individual that suffers from food poisoning is unlikely to travel to a local hospital, get diagnosed, and have the case subsequently reported. It is more likely for them to turn towards traditional cures such as herbal teas, traditional medicine, and other similar practices that have been around for hundreds of years (Tajkarimi et al. 2013, pp. 116-123). The result is that it becomes harder to track where instances of food poisoning occur given that it often goes undiagnosed with relatively few people going to local hospitals to be cured. The earliest known records which indicate a case of food poisoning date back to 1411 – 1422 when 186 – 482 cases
Introduction The America civil liberties are the Bill of Rights and are the first ten amendments in the United States constitution. These are the inalienable basic rights of the citizens since independence and form the central pillar of the human rights. The preamble of the United States constitution affirms the intention of the people that, “…to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity” (Robinson, 2004). The dream of the founding fathers of the United States constitution was to achieve and protect the liberty for future generations but the aftermath of the September11, 2001 have changed their dream of liberty. The protections of Americans against terrorism have resulted into violation and restriction of their liberties as stipulated in the constitution. The USA PATRIOT Act The Congress passed the bill immediately after the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Act stands for “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism” (USA PATRIOT) (Robinson, 2004). The purpose of Act is to protect Americans against brutal terrorist attacks because the Act introduced stringent counter terrorism measures, enhanced the functioning of the intelligence agencies and judicial enforcement of the law. Although the USA PATRIOT Act seemed to have a logical intention of counter terrorism, the circumstances under which the bill was drafted and passed are questionable. The 342-page bill was drafted in a hurry and passed into an Act within 45 days following the September 11, 2001 attacks and many members of the Congress confessed that they voted for it without reading (Robinson, 2004). Furthermore, according to Robinson (2004), the author of the bill confirmed that, “that version of the USA PPATRIOT Act Voted on by the Congress was not the bill that had been approved in the committee and that had been endorsed by the American Civil Liberties Union.” The USA PATRIOT Act has more than it meets our eyes, as it appears that the bill has other intentions beyond September 11 attacks: the restriction and violation of civil liberties. Threat to Civil Liberties Civil libertarians and legal experts have analyzed the extent to which the USA PATRIOT Act violates and restrict the liberties of the Americans and has stirred up various states, counties and some organizations to appeal against and advocate for the amendments to the provisions that violates or restrict civil liberties. The Act has violates and restricts some of the first ten amendments in the United States Constitution. These amendments are: “the First Amendment (freedom
Individuals generally are interested in impressing others. An individual aims to create a positive image regarding his or her personality by using the most suitable dress. Thesis: Fashion is essential for people to have a good image. First, a person obtains a positive impression by using the latest fashion. In this way, it is possible to create a positive picture concerning the behavior of the person. It is suggested, “ the fashion element is a prominent pointer while having on new dresses portrays a sense of belonging/an impression before another person. Dressing is considered as the factor for representing the social status of the person and many people of our culture and country believe in this view” (Subhani, Hasan, and Osman 185). This statement implies that individuals are influenced by the approach of others towards fashion. Society has created particular standards related to dress and behavior. Individuals attempt to meet those standards. In the process, they wear the most fashionable dress. In this way, it is possible to obtain recognition from other members in the society. The person wearing a fashionable dress is perceived as efficient. At the same time, individuals who wear the simple dress are considered as incompetent and frail. There is no systematic and impassionate way of judging the behavior of individuals. In such a situation, members of the society judge individuals and their capabilities based on standard perceptions. It is suggested, “…the youth of today’s era follows the current fashion trends … The youth of this era is quite status conscious …” (Subhani et al 184). By obtaining a positive image, it is possible for people to enhance their status in the society. Dress represents the social status of the younger generation. Moreover, fashionable dress can make a person elegant and venerable. Such persons have obtained the leadership positions in the fashion world. It is suggested, For example, regarding the dress used by Iran Thorpe, it was stated, “His choice of outfits raised some eyebrows back home, but Ian Thorpe has received a resounding thumbs up in London for his commentating role during the BBC’s Olympic swimming coverage” (Daily Advertiser 29). Such studies have shown the important spot gained by individuals who exhibit an appropriate sense of fashion. Consequently, people imitate their dress, hairstyle, and mannerisms. Fashion leaders, naturally, have become subjects of research. Thorpe was, “praised by some … for his expert knowledge, calm mannerism and ability to offset the unwavering patriotism of his fellow hosts” (Daily Advertiser 29). This statement demonstrates the difference between fashion leaders and fashion followers. Fashion leaders, like Thorpe, are confident of their personality and capabilities. Consequently, they are able to create new trends, which may challenge the prevailing notions concerning fashion. Followers, on the other hand, lack this self-belief. They are not able to set a new trend in the fashion world. Fashion followers, in a way, standardize fashion by imitating their role models. Fashion leaders always aim to enhance their leadership position in the fashion w
Introduction The various names football, the game also imply football codes. Just like other ball games, football can be traced back to Ancient Greeks and Romans although the true origin is not clear. Football was viewed as peasants’ game in ancient times although it has developed through history to become one of the most valuable and best paying games. This paper will examine the growth and development of football in England and its impact on both social and economic culture of the people. Objectives This paper will study the various impacts of football both on the social life of people and on the economy of the country. It is evident that football in England is well developed and its impact is material to both people and the economy. The main objective of the paper is to examine the impact of football on both the fans and the country’s economy at large. It will also highlight the various positive and negative impacts through qualitative research methods. Review of Literature History of Football and its Social and Economic impacts on England England is renowned as a country where football was developed and codified. However, it is believed that Romans brought football to England in ancient times for it to be developed later. The earliest form of football in England was referred to as mob football and was played between members of neighboring towns and villages. The game back then involved an unlimited number of players playing with an item such as an inflated animal’s bladder. They aimed to get the item to a selected geographical point such as a school or church on either side. The game took place in the open space between the targets. The game was played during special gatherings as a form of entertainment (Szymanski & Andreff, 2006). Over time, there have been major developments including governing bodies being formed such as the Football Association and FIFA to govern the game. The Football Associations of England was formed in 1863. This symbolizes how old this game is in England. Football has had an influence on people’s culture in countries where it is most popular such as in Brazil and England. There have been major positive and negative effects on people’s social life and the country’s economy. Many people in these countries view football as a way of life rather than just a sport, i.e., they have developed an addiction to the game. Football has developed in England and has become a fundamental pillar in the lives of many people in England. The game has effects on the values of the society since its popularity, and universal nature has made it be watched by the majority of the people in the country. Society gains something both positive and negative from football. For instance, football brings people together and promotes the sharing of ideas. As people cheer a common team and share tactical information, they develop a mutual friend in the process that in turn creates harmony. Harmony is always a desired value in socie
Functionalism, as a school of psychology, was formed in reaction to structuralism in 1896 (“History of Psychology”, Discovering Psychology) and was influenced by the works of Charles Darwin and William James. Functionalists strived to explain the mental processes systematically. They shifted the focus from analyzing the element of consciousness to examining the purpose of behavior. Before the emergence of structuralism, psychologists believed that psychology should not deal with the structure of consciousness because it has no structure (“Functionalism”, Encyclopedia of Psychology). Structuralists believed that mental functions could not be analyzed, while functionalists disagreed and noted that mental function could be studied if proper methods are applied. John Dewey, the founder of functionalism, was the first to apply functionalism to social education and addressing social problems. He developed the process of natural continuous flow: sensory perception, process, and response. James Angel, a student of Dewey, studied the functions of the mind and mental processes. He supposed that body and mind worked together to survive. Harvey Carr focused on learning and demonstrated the so-called “adaptive act”. He sought an explanation for why people have different reactions to the same situations (seeing a grizzly bear in a forest and a zoo). Mary Calkins was interested in short-term memory and developed personality theory. I agree with the premises of functionalism even though functionalists were criticized by both structuralists and behaviorists. I support the assumption that mental content and mental processes can be studied. Moreover, the contribution of functionalism to applied psychology and the educational system cannot be underestimated. For example, John Dewey has assumed that children should learn at the level they are developmentally prepared to. His belief has become the founding principle of all modern educational systems. In addition, functionalism has broadened the scope of psychological research and accepted the validity of studies with people having psychiatric disabilities, introduced mental tests and questionnaires. Works Cited “Functionalism”. Encyclopedia of Psychology. 20010406. FindArticles.com. 2007. Web. “History of Psychology “. Discovering Psychology. 22 Sep. 2007. Web.
The increased application of technology characterizes the current world. The internet has continually affected the cognition of human beings. We rely much on the internet for any information, and in that way, we cannot think beyond. According to Carr, the computer has been programmed to perform various functions related to any information pertaining device, taking over all the intelligent technologies (p. 431). It implies that the internet is affecting the intellectual ability of individuals. Most tasks requiring human thinking are being done on the internet, discouraging critical thought. The internet has affected most of the operations that people do. Most of the functions are performed by the internet, and individuals do not have to think anymore. Everything, including communication, is done through the internet, meaning that creativity has been hindered. Internet is making us slaves, and we have been confined to it every time we search for any information. Works Cited Carr, Nicholas. “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” pp. 424-440.
Main body The introduction of new products on the foreign market is a rather challenging task. It demands profound research of its nature, structure, and needs. The main task of the product manager is to implement generic marketing and product promotion. There are several strategies for the effective realization of these aspects. For example, the latest Samsung smartphone should be introduced in India. India takes third place in the world by the number of smartphone users. The Indian smartphone market grows rapidly. There is a high competition level due to the demand for this product in this country. Thus, high-quality services at adequate prices are the best stimulators for customers in India. The growth of the market is caused by technological innovations in the IT-sphere. The primary task of the efficient product manager is to make a sales forecast of the new smartphone. The most operative ways of forecasting are to analyze the sales history of a similar product, to understand the customers’ intentions and demands. Since Samsung has a stable reputation in the IT market, the latest smartphone produced by this company will provoke the interest of the consumers. An average resident of India cannot afford an expensive phone thus low cost is one of the primary criteria in their choice. More than half of smartphone owners treat access to games as one of the main advantages of these phones (Jaiswal, Sufi, & Kumar, 2015). Thus, the new advanced Samsung smartphone is a rather attractive product for Indian consumers. It creates a favorable social environment for the integration of the new product. We can conclude that smartphone is in demand in the Indian market. It facilitates the work of the new product manager in the determination of the entry strategy (Dayal-Gulati & Jain, 2010). The first step in introducing the new phone to the Indi