ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Brazil is the largest country in South America. The country is situated along the east central coast and has over 193 million people. The country has 26 states and one federal district. With an area of 8547404 square kilometers, Brazil has a lot to offer in terms of international tourism. The country has a blend of cultural and natural sites making it a preferred destination in Latin America. The country’s natural beauty and international recognition are crucial to attracting tourist around the world. The country’s natural beauty sites include: the Rio de Janeiro city with its mystic carnival, the natural beauty of the Amazon, wildlife, the pristine of the Atlantic coastline, volcanic beaches, waterfalls, mountains among other scenic tourist sites (Brazil Ministry of Tourism). The country has many modernistic cities such as Brasilia, Sao Paulo and ecologically advanced cities such as Curitiba. Brazil expects to attract over 9 million tourists every year. In Brazil the promotion and regulation of tourism is mainly carried out by the ministry of trade, Commerce and Tourism. There are tourism ministries in each state. The ministry is responsible for promoting and advertising tourism in the country and aboard. Despite having a huge potential, Brazil tourism sector has been hampered by several problems. These problems stem from poor policy and managerial strategies as well as lack of supervision in this industry. There is need to revitalize the tourism sector in Brazil. In this paper, a critical analysis of the existing policy in Brazil is done so as to reveal areas that need amendments. The Challenges Facing Tourism Sector There are several challenges that face the tourism sector. An analysis of these problems is imperative because the policies are mainly developed to curtail these problems. There is also the need for the tourism ministry to team up with other ministries so that the development in the country is holistic. For example, for tourism to thrive security must be improved and this is the responsibility of security agents and defense. The major challenges include: Political corruption Political corruption has been inculcated in the Brazilian culture. Brazil has high level of corruptions and is ranked by transparency international as the having high corruption rates. Brazil is ranked no 68 as of 2012. Most of the corruption stems from the elite members of the community seeking to take power instead of allowing political participation for all. Poor political leadership result to the direction of resources towards areas controlled by the elite in the society rather than to tourism. Due to corruption, most politicians concentrate on their own needs and neglect tourism industry. In order to revitalize tourism, government resources should be directed to the tourism sector and it should be given first priority. Poverty and crime Despite the brimming natural beauty culture and energetic people, the country suffers great poverty, inequality, crime and violence. There are many shanty towns in the country and a great divide between the poor and the rich. The numerous shanties
Introduction Fashion era in the 1960s was the shaping factor for the adolescent group and the leaders of the new fashion. Also during that year the fashion awareness was recorded as one of the most confirmed in the current account. They also led with the new and completely modern fashion styles. The fashion style resulted in many changes to the little girls as well as other young women, the fashion made them loose their sex in those years. Fashion bust with social background that dictated what could be worn at what time and by whom. The fashion has been changing from time to time and because of this no any one fashion that has lasted for long (Thomas, 1960). Essay Body In the past clothes were divided into official and informal wear and also different divisions were made among the styles of clothing worn, and there was one for men and other for women. They also saw the quick need of the unisex clothing such as denim jeans which could fit both men and women. This was to substitute the official wear and to give people variety to choose from. In the 1960s mod came as a youthful lifestyle spreading to America, Europe and also Australia. The mod fashion had many different shapes, and color was also a key factor in the era. This is different people wanted different colors for the kind of clothes they wore, so the shape of the cloth and the color they had played a great role in fashion during this period (Pina et al, 1968, p. 25). The 1960s fashion was all associated with short skirts even though this short skirts were not famous until 1966 and not world wide until 1967. By 1967 they gained high popularity in the society and they were the fashion of every one in the society especially for young women and girls. Though this was fashionable during that time, things have changed, and today they are still fashionable. A mini dress by the name straight shift developed that was fit enough for it went below the knees, this fashion made young people remember the clothes that were worn in the 1920s. A flow of fashions continued as another fashion of pleated skirts come-up known as a hip yoke Basque. This was worn together with short sleeves over the blouses and not exactly like the tops of today. It become famous and replaced the straight shift skirts. This fashion was famous and popular among young ladies, but it did not last for long since fashion keeps on changing and what is popular today tomorrow may no longer be popular. Dancing twists in those days was not left behind as straight skirts with front and back inverted pleats called kick pleat were available (Thomas, 1960). This kind of design was perfect during this period since twist was also famous and it allowed ladies to dance twist comfortably. Orlon were straight sweater dresses that were worn belted and the waists nipped. This was a design that came up during those times, and the pencil skirts were not left behind, for they were worn together with the sweaters. They had back to front cardigans which
Introduction The most distinctive features of Modernism could be enumerated as Universality, development of Political thought, advent of technology and science, different inventions, approach towards Arts, literature, Specified Cultures, distinctive warfare and industry. There are several social and economic factors that make the Modern society different from the Pre Modern Society. Modernism a complex and intricate civilization but the Pre Modern society lacked all these elements and the major aspect of the society and religion was mostly superstition. The aspects of superstition, juxtaposed with entail of religion, was instrumental in every walks of life and this was an alter existence against clear thought process and science. (Knott, 188-9) This was the time in early American history when the fearsome cases of witch-hunt took place and one of the most terrifying incidents was the Salem Witch Trials. Salem Witch Trials In 1692 in the counties of the English ruled Massachusetts there were conducted a series of trials which meant to prosecute persons accused of practicing witchcraft in these areas. The outbreak began with the sudden and rather unusual illness of the daughter (Betty) and niece (Abigail) of the local Reverend Samuel Parris. Betty, aged 9 was the first to be affected and displayed what we would today call ‘hysterical’ behavior, often screaming and convulsing with pain, throwing things about and crawling around her room. She has also famously been quoted to have felt “pinched and pricked with pins”. To relive her of her strange affliction reverend Parris soon summoned the local doctor, (supposedly) William Griggs who sowed the first seed of trouble by suggesting that her illness was less physiological and more ‘supernatural’. (Kumar, 334) Abigail Williams, 11, Parris’ orphaned niece complained of similar symptoms soon after Betty and promptly a handful of other girls all over the village displayed the same antics as Betty and Abigail. The people of the village of Salem were famous for their strict Puritanism. The neighboring revolutionary war (to which the Salem residents apparently contributed and war refugees from which probably took shelter in Salem) had left them even more attached to their faith. Death, war and a frantic return to religion provided a fertile ground for the re-emergence of some time tested superstitions. The timely intervention of the young girl’s ailment was exactly the sort of thing that would set a quiet village like Salem on fire. Given their interest in the subject vill
Introduction It is of no secret that most criminal justice organizations, including police, tend to be highly formalized. Yet, some scientists think that it is possible to consider police officers as professionals like lawyers or doctors, even though they work in a highly rule-bound environment of police departments. This paper aims to provide evidence for this view and recommend changes to the organizational structure of criminal justice agencies. Main Objectives Police and criminal justice agencies went through a long process of reforms during the last century. According to Katznelson (1979), in his book “Big city police,” Fogelson gives a panoramic view of how the police was formed as a social institution during the municipal reform. In the 1900s-1920s, the reform was supported by the Progressive movement, which opposed police dependence on local bosses and ingrained the concept of public service as the basis for social mobility. The internal organization of police forces was achieved only in the 1930s-1960s. Leaders of this reform sought to achieve the professional autonomy for police workers, similar to the autonomy of doctors, lawyers, teachers, and other professionals. Such a desire was justified, as, during this reform, the departments were reorganized, incompetent police officers were fired, the pay was raised, and the working conditions were improved. However, in the late 1960s, due to occupational paranoia and emphasis on professionalization, “closed communities of police officers who saw themselves as apart from those they policed” were created (Katznelson, 1979, p. 702). That is why further reforms were required so that police could become a truly professional and independent power. Mainly, police organizational structures were still in need of critical changes that could be implemented through community policing. Stone & Travis (2011) described community policing as a new direction in policing based on democratic values and intended to replace the organizational culture based on the “quasi-professional model” of the 1980s (p. 5). Scientists propose a new organizational approach based on community strategy that adheres to the principles of accountability, legitimacy, innovation, and national coherence. Stone & Travis (2011) emphasize that the police has to reform its strategy to cleanse itself from politically and historically formed bias. They believe that new forensic science technologies, surveillance capabilities, and informational systems should be implemented only in conformity with the guidance of community policy principles. Other scientists see the job in the police department more as a calling, when an individual devotes himself to serve the best interests of those he protects, adhering to the professional code of ethics. Glenn, Raymond, Barnes-Proby, Williams, & Christian (2003) emphasize that the values and management pr
Introduction Iranian Revolution took place in the year 1979. It was a revolution which was aimed at eliminating the monarchy that had been in rule for a long period. Several countries have carried out revolutions in the past. Revolutions in most countries usually result from political reasons in a country. The Iranian Revolution was one of the few that have been successful in the past. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 was very famous. This is because it saw the overthrowing of the Iran monarchy that was in power and replaced it with the Islamic republic. Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was the leader of the monarch. On the other hand, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini was the leader of Islam. Also, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led the revolution. The revolution had an impact on the Arabian States and their relationship with Iran due to the links that they had even before (Molavi, n. d.). Scope of the Research The Iranian Revolution became one of the most famous revolutions in the world because it was successful. Most of the previous revolutions that took place failed. The impacts of most of these revolutions were slowing down the economic growth and eruption of war within the country. The Iranian Revolution had some impacts, especially on the Persian states. Iran had good relations with Persian states especially in economic terms due to their commonality in oil production. Iran shipped its oil through the Gulf States. After the revolution, these relations changed. It led to the eruption of security tensions between the nations. The main scope of this paper is to discuss how the Iranian Revolution changed the security and the religious relationship of the Persian states with Iran (Kamrava, 2011). Effects of the Iranian revolution on the religious relationship between Iran and the Gulf states Khomeini is a key figure, who led the revolution of Iran in the year 1979. At the time, there was so much involvement of American Imperialism in the Gulf States. There have been two religious groups that have been conflicting since the Iranian Revolution of 1979. Khomeini, who was the leader of the revolution, was a member of the Shiite Islam religion. The Gulf States and most notably Saudi Arabia believed in the Sunni Islamic religion. Religion is an important factor in the analysis of the relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia. It plays a key role in the policies of Iran towards Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Arabians have very strong religious believes. The residents of Saudi are predominantly Islam. The revolution that took place in Iran increased the involvement of Iran in Saudi Arabia. Iran was criticizing the Saudi Arabian relationship with the US. This would weaken the monarchy of Saudi Arabia, which was Islamic based. Therefore, the religious relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia was largely affec
Bakhtiari, Kian. “Why Brands Need to Pay Attention to Cancel Culture.” Forbes , Web. The article focuses on the role ‘canceling’ plays in the modern corporate environment. The author explains how the Internet has become central in business strategy. He makes a case both for and against ‘cancel culture.’ The article explores brands’ need to be reactive to consumer attitudes, which are often dictated by social media. “Cancel Culture, Part 1: Where It Came from.” New York Times , uploaded by The Daily, Web. The podcast features a conversation about ‘cancel culture’ with Jonah Bromwich, a reporter for the New York Times . Jonah discusses the origins of ‘canceling’ and emphasizes the role of Twitter in its development. The podcast episode focuses on the implications of the aforementioned trend on the U.S. politics. Jonah explains why the 2020 election is integral to understand the impact ‘cancel culture’ has. Chotiner, Isaac. “Thomas Chatterton Williams on Race, Identity, and “Cancel Culture”.” The New Yorker , Web. Harper’s Bazaar has published a piece titled ‘Letter on Justice and Open Debate,’ which was signed by almost a hundred academics, authors, and philosophers. Thomas Chatterton Williams, one of the contributors to the letter, discusses its significance in a global conversation surrounding ‘cancel culture.’ In an interview with The New Yorker , Thomas mentions the importance of ideological diversity. The interview concludes with Thomas’ call for a less censorious society. Gerstmann, Evan. “Cancel Culture Is Only Getting Worse.” Forbes , Web. This article defines ‘cancel culture’ and sheds the light on its most prominent victims. The piece discusses the phenomenon’s impact on ordinary people. It includes examples from the academic and corporate field. The author encourages the public to recognize the dangers of ‘canceling.’ Greenhut, Steven. “‘Cancel Culture’ Is a Dangerous, Totalitarian Trend.” Reason , Web. The piece centers around ‘cancel culture’ being an instrument to destroy political opponent. The author argues that the main purpose of the movement is suppression. According to the author, it is undeniable that t is a form of censorship. ‘Canceling’ can therefore be used in an effort to challenge democracy. Greenspan, Rachel E. “How ‘Cancel Culture’ Quickly Became One of the Buzziest and Most Controversial Ideas on the Internet.” Business Insider , Web. The article examines the development of ‘cancel culture.’ It is a social phenomenon, which has been popularized during the #MeToo movement. Since then, it has gained public attention and affected hundreds of celebrities, politicians, and other public figures. The names of those ‘canceled’ include Kanye West, Ellen DeGeneres, Gigi Hadid, and others. Grobar, Matt. “Kevin Hart on Cancel Culture’s “Bad Environment” and Defending Ellen & Nick Cannon: “I Know Who They Are”.” Deadline , Web. The interview with Kevin hart focuses on his Oscar scandal in 2018. Hart explains his thoughts on getting ‘
Writing a paper on Othello’s jealousy? Essays like the one below will point you in the right direction! Introduction The play Othello is among the most famous tragic plays written by Shakespeare. The story concentrates on four main characters namely Othello, Desdemona, Cassio and Lago. Due to its varied nature and the fact that it addresses important themes such as betrayal, love, death and jealousy, it is still performed in many theatres today. It stands out as a unique play with a personal setting describing the aspirations and private lives of the main characters. The jealousy displayed by Othello and the villainous nature of Lago are some of the qualities that impress the readers of the play. In addition, the relationship among the characters makes the play unique (Sparknotes 1).Othello and Lago show close associations which make it difficult to figure out who has the greatest responsibility in the play. Most importantly, the role played by Lago who is the villain distinguishes the play from others. Shakespeare addresses different themes in the play and this essay will discuss jealousy as one of the themes addressed in Othello by Shakespeare. Jealousy in Othello Shakespeare was one of the most prominent writers who ever lived. He was known for addressing various themes such as betrayal, death and love in his works as evidenced in his play Othello. However, theme of jealousy stands out from the start till the end of the play. As the play begins, Roderigo is presented as he tries to be close to Desdemona. The theme runs throughout the play until the end, leaving Othello very angry and envious because he believes that Cassio and Desdemona have been entangled in an affair. The jealousy of some characters in the play is influenced by other characters. Lago is the greatest victim of this and creates lies and presents situations aimed at misleading the other characters. He exhibits jealousy towards Cassio and Othello because he was not appointed as a lieutenant. Lago can be described as a jealous character since he wishes every other person could share in his feelings so he goes ahead to plant the seed of jealousy in other characters. He is driven by anger and envy and aims at instilling jealousy in all the other characters, an aim he achieves through manipulating and betraying them, particularly Othello. The play begins with Roderigo’s desperate love for Desmodena after which he decides to pay Lago to take her from Othello. This is an important scene in the play since it depicts Lago as a villainous character. The deeds of Lago and his words portray him as a manipulative character. He designs a plan to ruin Othello by calling him a thief since he has stolen the heart of Desmodena through witchcraft. He goes on to implore Roderigo to confront Desmodena’s father by telling him, ‘call up her father, rouse him…poison his delights…do, with like timorous accent and dire yell’ (Shakespeare 64). In actual sense, Lago is not concerned about the heart of Roderigo. This implies that Roderigo’s love for Desdemona and the fact th
Tupac: Resurrection, which opens nationwide today, is a documentary with a curious, uncanny twist: it seems to be narrated, from beyond the grave, by its subject, the actor and rap star Tupac Shakur, who was shot to death at a Las Vegas intersection in 1996. The film shows us the inner life of Tupac Shakur: political and social circumstances he has grown up in, musical and literary influences that have made him the person he was, Tupac’s relationships with his family (especially with mother) and his friends, his image in media and hip-hop business. All that creates for us an influential character that can be talked about and analyzed through the many philosophical aspects such as political involvement, spiritual life of the individual, crime and redemption, religion and fame, religion of a “thug” (“a person stuck in the ghetto that’s trying or has succeeded in getting out of the ghetto” ( Tupac: Resurrection ), etc. I want to relate the Deistic philosophical thought with a Tupac: Resurrection documentary via Shakur’s unusual religious beliefs, which you are reaching due to watching the film. Religious issues can be implicated to anything, including the given artwork about Tupac’s life. But anyway, you see the main character which represents an individual with a critical mind that was built up during the “thug life” he’s come through. That character is Tupac Shakur itself, who believed in Karma and was rejecting an organized religion. According to Light (p. 53), “Tupac never professed following a certain religion, but his lyrics in songs such as Only God Can Judge Me and poems such as The Rose That Grew from Concrete suggest he believed in God”. That’s why Tupac was described as a deist by some analysts. In the interview to the Vibe Magazine in 1996 Tupac said: …if the God wrote the Bible I’m sure there would have been a revised copy by now, because a lot of thing have changed. I’ve been looking for this revised copy…well, I don’t see it. And I’m not disrespecting anybody’s religion. Please forgive me if it comes up like that. I believe God blesses us. God blesses those that use their mind. I believe that your Karma and everything that you do bad comes back to you. (Light, p. 160) Referring to the Deism philosophy features I found that “rejection of all religions based on books that claim to contain the revealed word of God” is one of three basic critical elements of it (Johnson, p. 17). Next to this I’ve found a one from two constructive features: “God gave humans the ability to reason” (Johnson, p. 17), that is consonant to the religious beliefs of Tupac, the main character of Tupac: Resurrection documentary. It means that information given to the world by this documentary can touch upon different philosophical issues concerning the problems raised in it. This film has changed my perception of the