ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ozzy Osbourne, born John Michael in Aston Birmingham in December 3, 1948 is an established English singer who has seen his career span for about four decades (Wall 6). Osbourne’s career began to shine when he became the lead vocalist of the Black Sabbath, the British pioneer heavy metal band and later excelled further as a multi-platinum solo career which many observers believe was the beginning of the heavy metal revolution. Some of his compositions like the Prince of Darkness led to him being dubbed the “Godfather of Heavy Metal” (Wall 7). His stardom reached new heights in 2000 when he began to shine in his own television reality show, The Osbourne that featured Sharon, his wife cum manager, and Kelly and Jack (two of their three children). USA Today quoted Osbourne in August 2008 saying that his intention is to retire from his musical career after producing two more albums (Reynolds: par.5) Osbourne’s Early Life Born to a toolmaker father Jack and a car component worker Lillian, Osbourne did suffer from learning difficulties when it was reported that he was suffering from dyslexic hence making his school life very difficult, subsequently finding music the better option for him (Wall 8). Consequently, he participated in school plays and music concerts at both Prince Albert Road Junior School and Birch field Road Secondary School, Perry Bar, and later became a great fan of The Beetles when he reached 14 (8). His school life came to a halt when he dropped out of school at the age of 15 and worked as a laborer at various construction sites, where he learnt plumbing (8). He also worked in other places where he was mostly taken as apprentice toolmaker, and laborer at a car factory. Music Life Together with Birchfield Road School classmate Tony Iommi, the two formed a band known as Psychedelic Rock where he became the lead singer and took the band to the next level of popularity. They decided to distinguish themselves from the rest of the rock singers by adopting their own style known as heavy blues , that was laced with some gloomy lyrics (Moreman 5). Their band later adopted other names like the Polka Tulk and Earth. However, sudden turn of events happened when one day at the rehearsal, the two noticed a huge crowd of people on line weighting for a horror cinema that was about to kick off (6). One of the members, Geezer Butler (the band Bassist) noticed how the people at the event were curious to watch horror film, Mario Bava , which was directed by the Black Sabbath (6). This was the birth of the “Black Sabbath” style and the band that defined Osbourne’s career in later life. Black Sabbath The band developed and expanded swiftly despite the relatively little investment put in it by the record label, Warner Bros. Records. This success was attributed to the combined efforts of Osbourne’s eerie vocals, Tony Iommi’s guitar riffs and the unmatched lyrics of Geezer Butler’s, which produced hit records such paranoid and eponymous (Sue 29). However, in 1979, Osbourne got a rude shock when he was fired from the Black Sabbath band due to drug abuse, even though every mem
Efforts to control pollution have traditionally targeted point sources of pollution. Currently, most developed countries are focusing on controlling nonpoint sources of pollution (NPP). According to Segerson and Wu, control of NPP is always difficult due to their diffuse nature. 1 In this context, observing the emission of pollutants is often difficult. Consequently, policy instruments that target emission rates can not be effective in controlling NPP. In response to this challenge, alternative NPP control methods such as input taxes, ambient taxes and direct revelation have been proposed by economists. Segerson and Wu assert that first best control measures for NPP can be achieved through the use of policy instruments that are characterized with flexible incentives. Developing the first best policy instruments involves the use of information about the characteristics of farms. Acquiring this information is likely to be very expensive and this limits the use of first-best instruments. Second-best instruments enable policy makers to reduce information, as well as, transaction costs. However, the second-best instruments can not achieve the desired water quality at the least or minimum abetment cost. In countries such as the U.S, policies that encourage farmers to voluntarily adopt less harmful practices or to join voluntary programs that enhance water quality are used. According to Segerson and Wu, the voluntary programs have had varying success, and therefore can not be relied on. 2 Thus, Segerson and Wu conclude that voluntary programs and mandatory approaches cannot be used in isolation to achieve the desired reduction in agricultural NPP. This implies that voluntary programs and mandatory approaches should be used as complementary policies. In this context, mandatory approaches have the potential of inducing famers to abate. The voluntary approaches, on the other hand, provide the
OPSEC is the acronym for operations security, an exercise that secures vital defense data from potential enemy units and whether this information can compromise own position hence leading to serious breaches in security. Consequently, OPSEC establishes countermeasures to prevent such occurrences thus protecting vital US overseas or domestic operations and security. To guard against breaches of vital data, organizations regularly identify vital information, perform threat appraisals, conduct vulnerability studies, evaluate risks, and hence affect deterrents (American Chemistry Council, 2001). Importance of Personal Accountability at the Scene of an Incident The importance of individual responsibility is critical in enhancing the safety of the facilities and personnel. Operations Security Professional’s Association (OSPA), a security allied group, considers that everybody should be appraised or kept abreast with relevant information regarding security threats and response to safeguard not only themselves but also others. Thus to enhance accountability in the event of a terrorist incident, the association offers free updated information and training on OPSEC for this purpose via its website (OSPA, 2011). According to the Homeland Security Institute (HSI), public awareness ventures in conjunction with outreach presentations are critical in enhancing security breaches, reporting potential threats and identifying OPSEC lapses. The constant threat of terrorist attacks calls for adequate preparation and response at the scene of an incident hence poor OPSEC mean that even poorly planned attacks can have devastating impact (McCleskey et al, 2007). There is therefore an urgent need to train all personnel from the lowest to highest cadre on OPSEC hence keeping everyone updated and accountable for any possible terrorist actions always. Nevertheless, locally community policing has also been found to be quite effective as the public actively participates in keeping their environment safe including sharing information locally and globally cooperation to foil potential attacks. How OPSEC and Site Security Augment Personal Accountability Buildings that house or leased by federal agencies are mandated to follow the Interagency Security Committee (ISC) Security Design Criteria . This essentially requires a risk assessment analysis for any possible ‘threat, vulnerability, and consequences’ based on a building’s design or security arrangement and accordingly effect countermeasures (Smith, Renfroe, & Joseph, 2011). Most terrorist attacks employ some form of improvised explosives devices (IED). According to Vernon (2011), response to such attacks must be very tactical and necessitates cautionary measures hence must involve training own personnel. Although there have been fewer attacks in US soil, when responding to IEDs attacks, the armed forces “5 Cs Rule” are applied: C onfirm there is a gadget; C lear the vicinity; C ordon the site; C ontrol all access; and C heck neighborhood for an
Introduction Arts Council England is an important part of the cultural life in the United Kingdom since it is involved in providing funding to and improving the accessibility of various artistic experiences. To fulfill its goals, the organization must remain relevant in the contemporary world by understanding modern trends and shaping its strategy accordingly. The present report will discuss the client’s perspective on the consulting service and the preferred approach to the case. The Client’s Perspective and the Consulting Approach As a registered charity, the Arts Council of England receives funds from the United Kingdom government and the National Lottery to develop arts and culture in the UK. The organization’s mission is “Great art and culture for everyone”, and its primary line of activity is investment through providing funding and grants to arts organizations, individuals, and projects (Arts Council England n.d.). Arts Council of England also helps to develop arts and culture education and employment in the United Kingdom, thus contributing to the flow of new talents into the sector. To fulfill its goal of improving the availability, quality, and variety of artistic and cultural experiences in the United Kingdom, the organization must have a strategic framework to guide its efforts. The framework has to take into account a variety of factors affecting the arts and culture market in the United Kingdom, as well as different population trends. This would enable the charity to invest in projects that are interesting to the audience and enrich the artistic or cultural experiences of the population. Because the primary goal of the framework would be to enhance organizational performance, the preferred approach to the case is management consulting (Hope 2016). A particular field of management consulting that relates to the organization’s goals and its current situation is strategic consulting. This
A commercial business operates by increasing or maintaining profits. However, one of the agency costs is the excessive pre-requestive. This expense allows the contractor to get more, but does not affect the well-being of investors. Shirking of the company’s top management also creates agency costs, as it reduces the productivity of management and creates additional costs for the founders. Therefore, the earnings of other employees may decrease in this regard. In such a situation, a business must consider the ethics of its behavior. Corporate business requires companies to take full responsibility for how the achievement of their goals affects the world around them. Consumers, investors and employees of companies are aware of the possibilities of modern corporations (Bansal et al., 2021). In this regard, it is necessary to direct them not only to making a profit, but also to improving the life of society as a whole and developing human capital responsibility. The enterprise is obliged to carry out actions aimed at improving the condition of society, and not at its deterioration (Hoffman, 2018). The implementation of corporate social responsibility of the organization also includes responsibility to employees: the provision of an additional social package, which includes the formation of a pension system, medical insurance and recreation. The ethical attitude includes the sensational case of Wells Fargo, one of the largest US banking holdings. In 2016, about 2 million credit cards issued without the knowledge of customers were discovered, the bank was fined $ 185 million, and the management fired about 1,000 employees. Investors were dissatisfied with the fact that the bank had ceased to be reliable and lost confidence in the eyes of customers, and the public considered the real culprits of what had happened not to junior employees, but to top managers of the company. The profits of the company demonstrated a decline during this period. On the other hand, Nike is deeply convinced that it is possible to implement more sustainable practices in all areas of the company. To reduce the carbon footprint of Nike.com in the US, in 2020 the sports giant announced a partnership with environmental investment fund EFM. With the help of Nike, the foundation was able to plant more than 100 square kilometers of forest plantations to absorb carbon from the Earth’s atmosphere. Proper management and professional tree care increase the amount of recycled substances on Nike plantations by 30%. At the same, the revenue of the company kept on almost the same level as during the previous years due to increasing costs. However, the business maintained a reputation in the eyes of its customers. In conclusion, currently, many companies pay considerable attention to compliance with the principles of corporate social responsibility. This is based on the fact that it is the observance of the principles of social responsibility that allows enterprises to improve their performance, both economic and social performance. On the one hand
Executive Summary It is common for business today to rely heavily on data collected through an existing information system. Data with regard to business refers to a collection of related facts about a specific entity (Bagui & Earp 2011). Based on this it is possible to understand that the data has some form of relationship making the various elements useful. An example of a data collected about a client may include the name, address, gender, and telephone number. Given that data is essential to an organization it becomes important to consider how the databases used within an organization are created. For example, one approach to the creation of a database may entail using piece of paper and creating list of relevant items. However, to build a good database requires that the developer follow a series of known steps in construction of the database (Bagui & Earp 2011). Based on this approach to designing software a more suitable approach would require the developer to first get a list of requirements for the database. This would best be achieved by asking questions in interviews or through questionnaires (Bagui & Earp 2011). The next stage would require designing diagrams that represent these user requirements. In line with this, a common approach would involve the design of Entity-Relationship diagrams. The final stage involves implementation of the diagrams to create the database. This approach is among the more favored approaches as it assures the database not only contains all relevant data but also adheres to necessary business rules. In this report the discussion presented will attempt to follow the preferred approach to develop and design a suitable database for a pet store. Description of the organization and problems The business selected for analysis in this case study is pet store known as Cuddles. Cuddles, has built a name in the provision of a variety of pets, pet accessories, medicines, and pet foods to its clientele. The business is located at a prime location and has reported increased sales in recent years thus creating a need to improve the decision making capacity. In addition to that, the business is likely to expand and increase the number of branches. The management has thus decided to improve the existing information management system in advance to allow them cope with the increased demand that additional shops will create. The business currently has an information system in place that caters for inventory and sales. The system is accessible at the sales counter and the administration office. However, it has come to the attention of the management that there is a need to include customer and supplier data in the system. This is because it has been observed that a lot of return business can be generated by helping clients manage their pets. It is crucial to inform the pet owners of new developments such a
The poem The Poor Man’s Burden by Howard S. Taylor can be treated as the response to Kiplings poem. The white mans burden , which was taken in society rather contradictory and was considered to be racist. That is why Howard created his own poem, contradicting Kipling. The author in the poem underlines the catastrophic state in which the poorest layer of society was. With a causticity, he says that these people can cope with everything and the burden of a new war is not a big deal for them. The author says that common people will be the victims of the military ambitions of Great Britain. He protests against Kipling’s appeal to enter the war and against the government of the United Kingdom, which does not think about its own people, trying to add new problems and make the life of their people harder. The Burden of Profit by C. E. D. Phelps is another poem that appeared as a reaction to Kiplings The White Mans Burden . This poem reflects another side of the protest. The author underlines the racist character of Kiplings poem, protesting against the division between black and white people. The sarcastic title of the poem underlines the unfair character of existing society and Kiplings appeals. He states that white people batten, while black people have to do all jobs for them. He also says that white people do not take into account the peculiarities of the culture of black people, though they still explore them and want to add a new burden of approaching war. It is possible to say that these two poems can be taken as the authors protest against racial and social prejudices. Written in a strong and sarcastic manner, these poems try to enlighten people.
Introduction This paper will briefly discuss irony as used by Charles Dickens in “A Tale of Two Cities”. Irony can be said to be coincidences which are interesting but surprising at the same time. Ironical instances are contradictory in most cases. Irony as used in this work of art (A Tale of Two Cities) will be discussed in three forms: verbal, dramatic and situational irony. Verbal Irony Words can be used to express irony. This happens when words used do not mean the direct meaning but rather the opposite. The author (Dickens) used verbal irony in “A Tale of Two cities” quite well in many instances. In the book we see Mr. Lorry referring to himself as being business minded-he tells Miss Manette that he is one; “Miss Manette, I am a man of business” (Dickens 21). At this point Mr Lorry depicts a very different image of himself from what we see at the end of the story. At the end Mr. Lorry is not a business man as such but a very kind fellow who is very friendly. Another instance of verbal irony appears when the messenger refers to Jerry Cruncher as a honest business man; “it wouldn’t do for you, Jerry. Jerry you honest tradesman, it wouldn’t suit your line of business” (Dickens 12). Reading further in the book Jerry Cruncher is not portrayed as a honest business man as portrayed in that statement above. He is seen lying to his son by not telling him what he does but just telling him that he goes to fish thus he does not disclose his business to his him. Another verbal irony comes out through Monsieur Marquis who claims that he can take care of his son. This is quite ironical because Monsieur Marquis cannot even take of himself. Monsieur Marquis ends up killing Gaspard’s child and he is killed by Gaspard because of that. Another verbal irony appears in the way Sydney Carton and Stryver are referred to. Stryver who is referred to as a fellow of delicacy is proved to a fellow of no delicacy at the end of the story while Sydney Carton who was referred to as a fellow of no delicacy is proved to be a fellow of delicacy at the end of the story. It should be noted that what Sydney Carton did for Darney proved him a fellow of delicacy. Dramatic Irony Dramatic irony is the type which comes out when there is a contradiction between what the reader thinks and the character knows. When the author writes about the French revolution the readers have the feeling that the revolution will bring positive changes. In actual sense the revolution is seen as reign which does not bring any good thing but terror. Another instance of dramatic irony is displayed through the life of Carton. The reader is likely to view Carton to be drunk for the rest of his life. “It is a far, far better thing that I do than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known” (Dickens 364). Carton replaced Darney at the guillotine because they took after each other very much. Using the advantage of close resemblance Carton is able to save Darney from the guillotine by appearing in the court and then taking the guillotine. Another dramatic iron occurred when Dr
Southwest Airlines is a low-cost airline that operates in the United States and focuses on short, high-traffic flights. Its prospects are currently in question due to a combination of emerging demand issues and challenges to its operational and financial performance. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate these problems due to its significant and varied adverse effects, such as the bans on flights and the general economic damage due to lockdown orders. The current circumstances, combined with current trends in aviation and some of Southwest’s practices, namely fuel hedging, can overturn the company’s lengthy trend of profitability. This case study will discuss the growth rates of domestic demand in the United States as well as the airline’s excellent operational performance and potentially risky financial practices. Main Body of Findings As a mode of transport, airlines’ traffic growth is subject to the needs of their users and their capability to afford the service. As such, some of the factors described by Profillidis and Botzoris (2018), specifically purchasing power and technological improvements, are relevant because of their significant presence in the U.S. economy and aviation. Fraumeni (2019) was optimistic regarding both the nation’s current prosperity and its prospects, such as the increasing adoption of information technologies, which would motivate Americans to purchase more. Additionally, Kellari et al. (2017) projected significant efficiency improvements in current and future aircraft via the development of more efficient engines without altering the design of the plane, lowering costs and thereby increasing demand through the increased affordability of tickets. These factors appear the favour the United States, as its traffic has grown consistently since the 2008 financial crisis, and favors remained the largest market for airlines in the world (Belobaba et al., 2015). Figure 1. Enplanement growth history and projection for U.S. carriers (Federal Aviation Administration, 2020). However, when viewed from an international perspective, concerns may emerge regarding the situation within the United States. Lai et al. (2018) contrasted the 2016 U.S. domestic flight market growth rate in the U.S., which was 3.9%, to that of China, where the same characteristic was at 7.1%. With that said, there is still significant potential in the market, as it was projected by the Federal Aviation Administration (2020) to grow over 50% by 2040. The domestic sphere is particularly important because it constitutes most of U.S. air traffic and because 80% of the tourism in the nation is local rather than international (Graham & Dobruszkes, 2019). As can be seen in Fig. 1, domestic market growth is projected to stabilize at 2% in the future, which is likely the result of the market’s age and saturation. Ison (2007) highlighted ho