ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This paper delves into the general health of female students within a University classroom in Australia. The study will delve into their fat percentage, BMI, nutrient intake, energy expenditure and will compare it to results taken from the general Australian population under the same age group. It is expected that the data presented should help in determining the overall health of this particular population set. Participants and Methods The participants from the study were the female students that were located within the university classroom while the method for analysis centered primarily on the use of mean, t-test and standard deviation in order to obtain the results. The data was obtained through the use of a survey which asked the participants to measure their BMI, skin folds, nutrient intake and energy expenditure (within a 3 day period). Results Anthropometric Measure                n    Mean ± Standard Deviation Waist Circumference (cm)              123  72.65 ±11.14              BMI (kg/m 2 )                         123  22.54 ± 3.41              Percentage Body Fat (BIA) (%)         123  25.4 ± 6.6                Percentage Body Fat (Skin folds) (%)  123  24.3 ± 7.4                 Underweight n=10 (8.13%) Normal range n= 96 (78.05%) Pre-obese n=11 (8.94%) Obese Class I n=6 (4.8%) Analysis of BMI After analyzing the BMI of the participants in the class examination, it was revealed that the female student population was actually below the current age specific data of overweight and obese individuals within the Australian population. Within the category of individuals between 18 to 24 years of age, the results showed that only 8.94% of the class were overweight as compared to 16.2% from the Australian population data. In relation to this, the percentage of those that can be classified as obese only came up to 4.8% as compared to 18.8 percent from the general population data. The mean and standard deviation data also came up as 22.5 and 3.4 respectively. Based on this, the primary assumption that can be derived from the results is that a majority of the female students within the class differ from current BMI trends inherent to their age class within the greater majority of the Australian population 4 . Waist Circumference           N   Percent Below 80  98  79.67   Above 80  2
Introduction Mr. Ard is a patient whose death is the main event in this case. Moments before dying, Ard’s wife expressed concern about his health and used the hospital’s emergency alerting system to call for assistance. The nature of the emergency for Mr. Ard was noted as difficulty in breathing. It took an hour and twenty-five minutes for an emergency response to arrive at Mr. Ard’s aid, which was too late to save his life. The hospital then faced charges of negligence leading to death, for failing to act on the obvious condition of the patient. The hospital lost the case because it had no records to show that it followed the standard procedure in taking care of Ard’s high risk of aspiration. Legal Issues and Verdict The nurse responsible, Ms. Florscheim did not have official records to collaborate with her statement of checking on the patient, as claimed during the trial. In addition, the hospital defense admitted to wrongdoing by failing to respond much earlier to the distress call, which is the expected standard of the hospital. However, the admission depended on the truth of Mrs. Ard’s statement of the actual time that she rang the bell. Things went wrong in the case because there was no immediate response to the distress call. Responding fast would have saved Mr. Ard’s life and prevented the legal suit that followed. In addition, things went wrong for the hospital’s defense during the trial because there were no records to match its claims of adequate care for the patient. Even though the statement by Mrs. Ard could be wrong, the lack of official records made it impossible to deny the existence of laxity in the hospital. The relevant legal issues for this case are the failure to record information, inappropriate care, and delay in treatment (Pozgar, 2012). The action of omission falls below the standards of nursing and indicates that she did not follow the accepted procedure of her job performance. The case for inappropriate care exists because Ms. Krebs, the expert in general nursing, pointed out that the patient had a high risk for aspiration and would have qualified for additional care. Ms. Krebs elaborated that physician’s progress notes showed the severe condition of the patient. Under this case’s circumstances, the physician faces a case of negligence since he or she controls the actions of nurses. In the same manner, the nurse in charge ought to have recorded her visit, and the type of care administered to facilitate subsequent care procedures on the patient. The hospital may argue that Mrs. Ard could have contributed to the negligence by not being inquisitive enough about the patient’s condition. However, the law comes to her defense stating that it is not her duty or that o
Brief Statement of Purpose of Experiment The central purpose of this experiment is to study the primary salt effect in the oxidation reaction of iodide ions to iodine during sodium thiosulfate titration with appearance of salt KNO 3 Reference to Procedure All steps of the procedure of this experiment were performed according to the theoretical guidelines given by Amdur & Hammes (1966), Knudsen & King (1938), and Indelli & Prue (1959). Initially, three working solutions and one solvent had to be prepared using distilled water: 250 mL of 0.1 M potassium iodide, 150 mL of 0.001 M sodium thiosulfate, and 300 mL of 0.01 M potassium persulfate. The solvent substance contained 0.001 N hydrogen chloride and 0.00001 M EDTA. Then, 200 mL of 1 M potassium nitrate solution was obtained with the solvent. A mixture of 1 g of starch in 100 mL of water was prepared as an indicator by gradual heating until homogeneous. A series of ten Erlenmeyer flasks were used to obtain different amounts of different prepared solutions according to the table below. The time range of each reaction which was counted from the first drop of potassium persulfate interacting with the solution in the flask until the blue color appeared was considered as ∆t. All Chemical Reactions (slow – rate determining step) (fast) The Purpose of the Experiment This experiment was to demonstrate the effect of non-reacting ions on the rate of the reaction, this is called primary salt effect. Since the iodine clock reaction was used, the reverse reaction of iodide oxidation was the reduction of iodine to iodide ion with thiosulfate anion preventing the formation of the triiodide ion. The auto-oscillatory nature of this process was determined by iodine oxidation as a rate-determining reaction in which the released free iodine was immediately reduced by thiosulfate, and therefore its activity on starch, the appearance of the blue coloring of the solution, could not be observed if the thiosulfate ion remained in the system. In other words, the blue color appeared as soon as thiosulfate ions were used up. In order to speed up the process, a pseudo-first-order method of reaction was used because the iodide concentration is much higher than the persulfate concentration. d – where k app refers to the apparent rate constant of persulfate, ∆x characterizes the concentration of thiosulfate, and ∆t shows the time elapsed from the beginning of the experiment to the appearance of blue staining. The change in the reaction rate — the decrease in the time for the blue color to appear was due to an increase in the amount of electrolytes with the salt effect. On the contrary, the solubility of some low-soluble salts increases in the presence of other soluble salts that do not have common ions with them. Thus, increasing the concentration of potassium nitrate in the experimental
Abstract The notion of conceptual metaphor is one that deals with understanding of one concept in terms of another within the same conceptual domain. According to Evans & Green (2006), it is an important aspect of cognitive linguistic, which has been in existence for a long time. The two entities used are source, also known as the vehicle and the target. A more familiar concept is used as a source in order to help in the understanding of a target. A conceptual mapping is a concept that is present whenever there is the use of conceptual metaphor. Through the use of this concept, the metaphor is understood better and meaning of the source and target is easily understood. Conceptual metaphors are also understood in terms of bodily experience. The conceptual metaphor theory is useful in the understanding of the vital components of a conceptual metaphor. Unidirectionality of the metaphor, metaphorical entailments, the invariance principle and metaphor system, are the components of the conceptual metaphors theory. Three types of conceptual metaphors have been identified. They include: structural, orientational and ontological metaphors. The paper also notes that conceptual metaphors are used in people’s daily lives and in their everyday conversations. Metonymy is a linguistic concept whereby one concept is used in place of another. This makes it easier for someone to understand the idea that is being communicated. Metonymy can be understood as a cognitive and also as a conceptual domain. It can also be understood in terms of its scope of operation and the different types. Introduction In traditional grammar, a metaphor is a tool in the rhetoric which entails a direct comparison of two things without the use of comparison words such as ‘like’ or ‘as’. Metaphors are common in the language spoken by people when carrying out their daily chores. Conceptual metaphor is a concept in the cognitive linguistics, which deals with understanding of a certain concept through the use of another more familiar concept (Kövecses, 2002). This helps one to have a deeper and clearer understanding of the idea that the person is trying to understand. One of the most common human emotions that are understood in terms of conceptual metaphors is love. Most of the times, love is used as the abstract target that is linked to a concrete source, for instance, a conta
Executive summary This report started by identifying the knowledge problem that was at Maroochy Water Services when Vitek Boden successfully waged a cyber attack on the firm’s SCADA systems in 2000. The report then identifies the knowledge that the firm needed to manage, and the mode of delivering knowledge within the firm. Other areas covered in the report include identifying the functionality of the system, existing knowledge, developing a knowledge blueprint, specifying the knowledge management team, determining how the system will be evaluated, reviewed and improved, and identifying appropriate policy changes in the firm. The conclusion reiterates the components needed for the firm to have an effective knowledge management system. Introduction This report will address issues related to knowledge design and knowledge management system (KMS) components as applicable to Maroochy Water Services. Maroochy Water Services is a water and sewerage company in Queensland Australia. In 2000, Maroochy Water Services installed a SCADA system to manage fresh water and sewage plants. The system however came under a cyber attack from Vitek Boden. Boden was a former employer Hunter Watertech – the firm that had sold the SCADA system to Maroochy Water Services. Boden’s attack was successful because he had explicit knowledge of the SCADA system obtained from his previous employer, while employees at Maroochy Water Services lacked simple knowledge on how best to respond when the SCADA system failed to work. In short, the water and sewerage company did not possess the necessary knowledge to secure the SCADA system. This report will identify the knowledge that Maroochy Water Services needed in order to effectively manage the SCADA system. Additionally, the report will identify the manner in which Maroochy Water Services would have designed ideas in order to match the stakeholders in its situation. The report is divided into several sections which include an introduction; definitions of terms – i.e. knowledge, knowledge management, knowledge systems design, and KMS; the discussion section; and the conclusion section. Defining terms The terms hereunder have different definitions in literature hence making it necessary to adopt some working definitions. Knowledge : The actionable information that includes values, experiences, contextual information and insights, which enables a person to make predictions, engage in casual associations, and/or make predictive decisions (Abdullah &Selamat 2005). It is also defined as the “tested, evaluated and surviving structure of information…that is developed by a living system to help itself solve problems and which may help itself to adapt” (Firestone 2006, p.9). Knowledge Management: The discipline which “promotes an integrated approach to identifying, capturing, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing all of an enterprise’s information assets” (Duhon1998, cited by Koenig 2012, p. 4). Knowledge systems Design: A process of “defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces and data to build a system to satisfy specified
As it would be observed, communication is an integral part of human life. This simply refers to the process or act of passing information from one party to another through various interactive ways. As a matter of fact, nothing in this world can successfully be accomplished without effective communication between the parties involved. The power to communicate gives people the ability to exchange information and be able to understand each other. In this regard, communication plays a crucial role in our daily lives. Effective business communication is the basis upon which the reputation and credibility of any business are placed, and for that reason, it is essential for the success of organizations. In order to survive and prosper in modern competitive business environment, organizations should always maintain good relationships with their clients and stakeholders through effective communication. There are numerous communication methods that are applicable in today’s business environment. However, businesses should settle for the most appropriate methods that would eventually ensure them to successfully achieve their business goals and objectives. This paper examines the use of modern technology as an appropriate method of communication in today’s busines
Introduction The international monetary system is a system through which national currencies and regional currencies are exchanged for each other on the world market. Currencies of different countries in the world are of different strengths and value in the market. Therefore, when they get in the international market as standards of exchange, they cannot be exchanged at the same rate or value. The international monetary system therefore lays down the rules that govern the exchange of different currencies of the world with the sole purpose of bringing in semblance and order. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is one of the organizations that have the duty of regulating the exchange of currencies on the world market by putting value on individual country’s currencies using the laid down parameters. However, questions have been raised on the necessity of the international monetary system and the need for a global currency. Does a global economy require a global currency? The global economy does not require a global currency. Though the world has opened up to become a global village in terms of trade and technology, there remains a formidable imbalance in the economic strengths of different countries. A country’s economic strength is usually determined by the balance of payments, as well as the balance of trade. These are determined by value and amount of exports and imports that have been traded between the country and its trade partners. A positive balance of trade and payments will strengthen a given country’s economy. However, its currency, the negative balance of payment, as well as its balance of trade will as well weaken the country’s currency and its economy. With the use of such market forces as determinants of currency value, the world has been able to trade for a long without a problem. Although a global economy would be well off with a globa
A&P , written by John Updike, is a prominent example of a short story that portrays a character’s growth and development through an inner dialogue. More specifically, the author utilizes the first-person perspective to reflect the reasoning and the thought process experienced by Sammy. Such an approach is highly effective in this regard, as it enables a subjective, personalized perspective on the events in question. Indeed, each individual views the matter from their own point of view, as the situation becomes processed through the prism of personal reasoning. In A&P , John Updike discusses an important topic of value differences and moral dilemmas, presenting the events at the store through the eyes and mind of Sammy. The main character begins the narration with careless observations of barely covered women who experience issues with the store’s management. Eventually, this thought process prompts Sammy to reconsider his life, leading to major decisions regarding his future. This essay argues that the style of narration used by Updike is the key element of the story that provides insight into the final decision made by Sammy. The plot of the short story revolves around a single encounter in a story described from the perspective of Sammy, a nineteen-year-old cashier. While the area is located near a beach resort, the narrator mentions that the store is located in the middle of the town (Updike 2). Hence, Sammy becomes both surprised and fascinated at the sight of three young women who enter in their bathing suits. Throughout their visit, the protagonist contemplates them, devoting considerable attention to the women’s appearance and discussing them with his colleagues. While Sammy appears enthralled by what he sees, this feeling is not shared by all of the staff. As the visitor reach the cash desk, Lengel, the store’s manager, expresses his disapproval of such attires. When he chastises the women, Sammy begins to realize that this approach does not align with his personal views. At the climax of the story,
“The Al-Jubail Petrochemical Company (Kemya) owns the petrochemical plant complex. The company is a joint venture between Saudi Arabian Basic Industries (Sabic), owned by the Saudi Arabian Government, and ExxonMobil” (“Al Jubail Petrochemical plant, Saudi Arabia”). Both Sabic and Exxon hold half of the Al-Jubail Petroleum Company. Total estimated cost for project is $1000m. Al-Jubail project is the result of company’s extensive Research and Development activities carried out to add more value to its products.” Sabic is the biggest petrochemical producer in the Middle East and has been concentrating mainly in Saudi Arabia since its foundation in 1976.” (“Al Jubail Petrochemical plant, Saudi Arabia”). “ExxonMobil is the second largest ethylene manufacturer in the world. In polyethylene, the company is the leading world supplier. It is also a major producer of oil and gas, as well as many other petrochemical products” (“Al Jubail Petrochemical plant, Saudi Arabia”). Sabic is driven to expand in the advent of increasing raw material prices and decreasing product prices. Saudi companies compete with European and Asian Petrochemical companies where Saudi companies are at advantage regarding the lower raw material prices and at a disadvantage regarding higher transportation costs. Petrochemicals companies depend largely on ethane and propane feedstock. Light Naptha is one feedstock that has not been exploited sufficiently in Saudi Petrochemicals industry. “Worldwide global shift in the use of feedstock in this industrial sector will be reflected in the Saudi petrochemical industries. As the world trend is to maximize the utilization of under-utilized petroleum resources, one would expect optimization of LN utilization in Saudi Arabia in the near future” (Dawoud). With the emergence of Aramco and other emerging small companies, the competition has toughened for Sabic. Works cited “Al-Jubail Petrochemical plant, Saudi Arabia”. chemicals-technology.com. ChemicalsTechnology, n.d. 2010. Web. Redwan, S. Dawoud. “Supply and demand of light Naphtha as potential petrochemical feedstock in Saudi Arabia.” Informaworld.com. Informaworld, Petroleum science and technology. Volume 17. 7 &8 (1999) 857-876 Web.
Ethical behaviors Financial advisors are guided by several basic ethical behaviors and professional practices when carrying out their duties. The ultimate objective of these behaviors is to provide customers with a high-quality outcome that enhances the ethical and professional reputation of the financial advisers. The first behavior is integrity and professional conduct. Financial advisers should carry out their duties and responsibilities with high standards of personal and professional conduct, honesty, confidentiality, and ethics to meet the expectations of the clients. All activities carried out should not damage the reputation of the industry. The second ethical behavior is that the financial advisers should act in the best interest of the clients. This is based on the fact that the advisers owe the clients a duty of care. The third behavior is that the financial advisers should avoid conflicts of interest. This can be achieved by putting the interest of the clients first. The fourth behavior is that a financial adviser should seek informed client consent. This can be achieved by fully educating and helping the clients to understand all the financial matters. The adviser should precisely and truthfully give the clients all information that may affect their current and future financial needs. Another ethical behavior is that the adviser needs to provide professional service that is associated with the situations and the agreements with the clients (Code Committee for Financial Advisers 1). This can be achieved by providing service levels that are appropriate for the clients. Finally, a financial adviser should always strive to provide a high standard of professional expertise. This can be achieved by maintaining and enhancing the knowledge base of all employees through continuous training. The process of monitoring other financial advisers can be quite challenging. However, the advisers are expected to act in good faith and utmost good faith. Under good faith, the advisers are expected to