ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract A market structure is a tool used to determine the pricing power of certain products in diverse firms. Research has shown that there are numerous market structures with unique pricing strategies in place. The price of goods and services in a firm depend on the levels of demand, cost conditions and competition. Besides, price fixation is one of the key managerial functions. It is frequently reviewed to ensure that a firm makes a reasonable profit margin. The market conditions determine the type of market structure and pricing criteria to be used in a particular firm. Moreover, businesses cannot operate in isolation. In other words, a firm requires a robust marketing platform for it to operate effectively. Hence, it is important to select an appropriate market structure for a business to make significant returns. Economists have identified four major market structures that are unique in terms of both operation and effectiveness in meeting the demands of customer. The market structures have been discussed in this paper in relation to pricing strategies. Introduction A market structure can be defined as a core characteristic that makes up a platform for buying and selling goods and services (Samuelson & Marks, 2006). It is common knowledge that a market exists when there are buyers, sellers, products, competition, product differentiation as well as the ease of entry or exit. From this definition, Rubin and Dnes (2010) highlight that market structures are individual aspects that influence the behavior of buyers and sellers. Ellickson, Misra and Nair (2012) also define a market structure as the number of firms in a market that are able to produce similar goods or services. The nature of a market structure greatly influences the behavior of producers. Therefore, it affects the market price of a particular commodity or service (Rubin & Dnes, 2010). In addition, a market environment affects the supply of commodities and equally creates barriers for entry. This paper discusses some of the notable market structure by analyzing their pricing strategies alongside relevant examples. Perfect Competition Description This describes a situation whereby a firm does not have a particular independent pricing policy. Therefore, firms that embrace this market structure have to comply with the prevailing market prices (Samuelson & Marks, 2006). At this point, a firm is at liberty to market its goods and services. Lack of control over a market often creates an open platform for buyers to choose less costly products. If a firm sets very high prices in a marketplace, it might end up making few or no sale at all. It is important to note that in this type of a market structure, there is no specified price for certain quality or quantity of goods (Rubin & Dnes, 2010). Therefore, it is upon the seller to decide which quantity to offer and at what price. Typical firms have no influence over demand and supply because new sellers enter the market as they wish. Ellickson et al (2012)
I am writing to share my experience related to the use of emails. In the contemporary world, writing emails is not an opportunity but a necessity that requires a specific attitude and particular skills. Further, I will examine the importance of emails in my life and one of my writing skills. It is extraordinarily to be able to communicate with others through devices despite any distance. Nowadays, emails are widely used in all aspects of life. I write emails to my friends and family members daily. According to the article “What is netiquette” by the Daytona State Writing, it is necessary to adhere to a set of certain rules called “netiquette” to provide a clear and respectful meaning of an email. These rules are acceptable to both informal and formal writing. My communication experience between my professors and me through emails is exceptionally positive due to netiquette’s mutual use. The article “What is netiquette” by the Daytona State Writing Center states that “Regardless of who’re communication with, always treat others with respect.” I completely agree that it is essential to be polite, as netiquette is a form of generally accepted etiquette that everyone should follow. I believe that maintaining an appropriate tone in writing emails is one of my most valuable writing skills. Usually, writing emails is not considered a significant part of the communication process. However, I stick to the position that every individual should have an understanding of writing. Following the rules improves readers’ experience from received emails and may increase chances of mutual understanding. I appreciate the opportunity to obtain better knowledge in netiquette through lessons and constant writing of emails.
Introduction The telescope as we know it traces its origins to the Netherlands in the year 1608. The original device consisted of a series of lenses, which astronomers, including Galileo, used in 1609. Later on, the work and research by other scientists and astronomers such as Isaac Newton, Laurent Cassegrain, Chester Moore, and John Hadley made great modifications to the original design which gradually evolved to models we use today. The invention of reflecting mirrors revolutionized the telescope design which made possible creation of the Hubble Space Telescope and many others. On the other hand, modern telescopes appeared in the world at the beginning of the 20 th century. The telescopes were made of huge mirrors coated with aluminum and located at remote high-altitude clear sky locations. The new generation of telescopes includes active and passive optics. Giant telescopes use the principle of active optics by which they are able to measure the distortions due to the motion of turbulence in the Earth’s atmosphere and then make allowance for these factors. Examples of giant telescopes include the two Gemini Telescopes: the Large Binocular Telescope, and the Very Large Telescope (having four separate telescopes) (Schilling & Rarr, 2016). Other forms of telescopes include the Radio telescope, which uses high-energy radio waves, infrared telescopes, ultraviolet telescopes, x-ray telescopes, and gamma-ray telescopes. Giant Telescopes: Improvements for the future The improvement and advancement of technology and the adaptive optical principle, such as Multi-conjugated Adaptive Optics, will enable the first generation giant telescopes to advance to the second one. The telescopes will be equipped with a sec
Introduction Artists create content based on their own experiences, observations, integrity, and personal creativity. Depending on the content details, such as wordings, instruments, and rhythm, artists’ contents can be classified into different genres, which involve groupings of content with their similarities. Songs have different genre groupings, such as pop, rap, gospel, secular, and love songs. This paper is a short report of La bruja song analysis, released by Conjunto Jardin from Mexico. Main body In Mexico, La bruja means “The Witch,” which is the song’s main subject. The witch character in the song is an old maid interested in sucking blood and destroying a man (“Mama Lisa’s World,” n.d.). La bruja song belongs to the pop genre, a grouping of popular songs that are well known. Pop songs are considered to be top hits, well known, and easy to understand by everyone. Specifically, the music was created and produced using the Jarocho style from the city of Veracruz in Mexico. Based on my research, I think the song was released in 1988, although many artists have produced remixes and different versions. I was able to find the file on YouTube for better comprehension. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yqkt54B-JIc Conclusion In conclusion, the song “La Bruja” is traditional and relates to cultural practices in Mexico. Due to its popularity, the song has resulted in the creation of the La bruja dance. The Witch addressed in the song has vampire-like characters, such as blood-sucking and killing innocent people. The Witch has the interest to catch a man and cut off his legs. The music is suitable for people of all ages, although it can be scary to children. La bruja is an excellent example of unethical practices, such as witchcraft, which should be condemned for a community’s benefits and social health. Reference International music & culture: La bruja. (n.d.). Mama Lisa’s World. Web.
The effects of the mass media with the help of technology are negative in the society. The negative effects of the mass media range from erosion of societal ethics, impersonation, and terrorism activities among others. The numerous negative impacts of the mass media far outdo their benefits to society. The mass media, through various modes of communication, is guilty of failing to maintain ethics in the manner in which they run their activities. As individuals consume the vast amount of information relied through various media, they may turn out to be so overwhelmed by negative pictures of violence and crime. This creates the thought that the actual world is a mean place (Galician, 2004. pg. 59). Secondly, advertisements whether digital or printed lead to the negative portrayal of women in society. The sex object is a shell. Wrinkles or lines would be an indication that unpleasant taste or poor judgment that makes her look older. The portrayal of the ideal woman is one who has no scars or blemishes. She is thin, tall and long-legged. Above all, she is youthful. As a result, women forcefully emulate this epitome: feeling guilty and embarrassed if they fail. The main approach of mass media towards sex is pornographic. The wide presence of sex in advertisements ignores its importance as a significant human creativity (Morton, 2011. pg. 156). One of the greatest risks of the social media is that of impersonation. An individual may, therefore, end up strongly attached to individuals with fake profiles. This has a profound effect on the victim when he or she finally finds out the truth; a common occurrence in online dating sites. Young adults who excessively use social network sites are more likely to display more symptoms of psychological disorders. Such disorders include antisocial behaviors, mania and aggressive tendencies (Valenzuela, 2008. pg. 39). Most people believe that the benefits of mass media outweigh its disadvantages. They cite reasons such as the closing of distance between continents, its impact in eradication of corruption in public offices, sharing of
Forensic science has evolved to become a critical field for tackling legal issues in many jurisdictions. The process is pursued in accordance with established principles of admissible information or evidence. The current leader of the International Association of Identification (IAI) appears to be the best person for formulating a committee to write a national report on this country’s state of forensic science. This professional has a proper understanding of this area and is aware of professionals who can deliver the most appropriate information. Given the opportunity to select new committee members, I would begin by considering different stakeholders who are impacted by the issue of forensic science. The first option will be that of an attorney representing the other professionals in the same field. The second one is that of experts in this field, including laboratory specialists and analysts. These individuals will offer evidence-based ideas and insights for understanding the nature of this issue and present a reliable report on this country’s state of forensic science. The third group is that of experts in the criminal justice system. These representatives will be in a position to offer timely ideas and issues revolving around the status and development of forensic science in the United States. The fourth one is that of community members or citizens with diverse backgrounds. This means several people should be selected to be part of the committee since they can offer insights and ideas regarding the perception of forensic science and how it can be transformed. Finally, forensic scientists will be included since they have a proper understanding of this field, its current developments, existing gaps, and emerging opportunities for delivering positive results (Committee on Identif
“Constant shock syndrome” is one of the key challenges facing tourism industry. It is characterized by pandemics, global economic problems, natural disasters and terrorism. In order address these challenges the tourism business has employed the strategy of experience economy. Experience economy is a wide context in which tourism; sports, arts and events industries or sectors operate. Experience economy offers more than mere products and services to increase visitors comfort and satisfaction. One of the practices is provision of sporting activities in tourism destinations. Experience in sports is one of the main reason visitors travel to a given destination. For example, a tourism destination can offer professional golf or tennis events. This experience attracts has sustained the tourism sector and has been used to address the “Constant shock syndrome” challenges. The sporting activities are also accompanied by rich and diverse tourist experiences. In order to increase visitors comfort, tourism destinations have provided extra services in rooms like internet, automated teller machines to enhance withdrawing cash and high level of security and safety. Provision of such services enhances comfort of visitors and improves the profile of the destination. It gives the place unique features. The practice has been widely employed to address the challenges tourism sector is facing. Special events like cultural experiences, festival and business events can be used to boost tourism industry. Including unique arts and music in destinations increases the number of visitors. Moreover, use of diverse cultural heritage in a given destination can be used to attract more visitors and ensure they are satisfied. These elements will ensure maximum consumer experience which will attract more visitors despite global economic crisis and terrorism threats. Restaurant business is the tourism business to invest on. This business could be located in South Africa. Due to many tourists visiting the country, the business would do well because many visitors will be in need of food and drinks. This type of business would offer a great opportunity to provide sporting activities and different forms of art considering that there are no restaurants with this provision. I would also explore the rich cultural experiences and provide them. As a result, the restaurant business could be successful. Another reason is that South Africa is a strategic place for this business. Considering hygiene, safety and security are issues in South Africa; building a restaurant which has high standards of cleanliness and hygiene would be a great idea. I would also ensure that the place is well secured for safety of visitors. As a result the visitors have a different kind of experience which is unusual. With provision of accommodation rooms, entertainment in the rooms and internet facilities to ensure comfort, the restaurant will serve convenience purposes. South Africa is endowed with natural resources like beaches, diverse flora and
There is a variety of characteristics that can be used by individuals to treat others unjustly, such as race, gender, financial stability, or sexual orientation. Despite many breakthroughs that have been made in different spheres of humans life, inequality remains an acute issue. This theme has always popular with writers, who reflect a variety of aspects related to unfairness in their works. The present paper aims at comparing and contrasting two short stories — “To My One Love” by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and “Sweat” by Zora Neale Hurston. The central argument of both of these pieces is the problem of inequality, each of the stories covering a different aspect of it. The purpose of writing the stories was similar for the two authors. Both Adichie and Hurston tried to explain the hardships experienced by African American people as opposed to the whites. Although there seems to exist a gap in time reference, the two pieces serve to demonstrate the inequality between the two races. In “Sweat,” Hurston depicts the strenuous work of an African American woman who is also constantly abused by her husband. The protagonist, Delia, collects clothes from white people and washes them by hand. She hardly ever rests, and her husband treats her without any gratefulness or respect (Hurston). Adichie’s story is different from Hurston’s one since no family relationships are discussed in it. However, the problem of racial prejudices is also central in “To My One Love” since the author mentions how one of the main characters, Nnamdi, was killed during “an operation” (Adichie). Thus, the author’s purpose for writing the stories was not the same, but it was similar, the topic from “Sweat” relating to the theme raised in “To My One Love.” In both stories, the main protagonists are women: Delia in “Sweat” and Ima in “To My One Love.” Delia is a perfect example of a dynamic character since she undergoes a serious change towards the end of the story. Having been suffering the abusive conduct of her husband, Sykes, for fifteen years, the woman finally finds enough courage to oppose his mockery and cruelty. In the beginning, Sykes scares his wife with a bullwhip, which she takes for a snake, and says, “Ah don’t keep how bad Ah skeer you” (Hurston). He throws around the clothes she has planned to sort and remarks, “Ah, don’t keep if you never git through” (Hurston). However, by the end of the story, Delia is transformed: she does not feel the fear she used to have perceived, and she does not help her husband when the snake, which he brought home a few days before to scare her, bites her her her him. In Adichie’s story, the main character is static: Ima does not experience any significant changes. The writing style and the tone of both authors
Introduction A number of patient assessment tools have been developed for the assessment of older people focusing on the patient’s ability to maintain activities of daily living (Ware, 3-11). These instruments, however, lack a systematic assessment of patient preferences as an important part of successfully initiating patients in making necessary changes in health behavior to regain or maintain capabilities in independent functioning. A holistic perspective nursing adopted as its underlying philosophy the need to integrate patients’ values, beliefs, and goals into nursing care but patient problems have usually been identified from the perspective of health care providers and their assumptions about which problems are important, without verifying these assumptions with the recipient of care – the patient (Moore & Kramer, 163-168). Evidence showed that a successful clinical relationship is one where patient and caregiver arrive at a consensus concerning the problem, physiological processes, prognosis and optimal treatment (Felch, 12) and a negotiated approach to decisions about patient care has been encouraged. In this essay, I will try to demonstrate client assessment from a nursing point of view that includes evaluating body functioning according to the Lorensen’s Self-Care Capability Scale (LSCS) that includes eating, drinking, eliminating, sleeping, moving, bathing, and grooming. Following this, I shall develop a nursing care plan in a case study format. Assessment is the first stage in the nursing process, and in order to conduct it rationally, a nurse must competently collect data from many sources, then analyze and synthesize it, before using the obtained data to develop a healthcare plan followed by the final evaluation. Accurate judgments can then be made about the patient’s health status and the nursing intervention required (Lazerowich, 121-126). The selected patient will be discussed using a model/framework for assessment that is used in practice. Three main needs of the patient will be outlined in the post-operative period following surgery. Chosen Patient Ms. Anderson, a 75-year-old woman presents at her annual physical examination. Her medical history, physical examination, and test results are as follows. In order to gather data about Ms. Anderson, a data collection tool was used. The tool contained the assessment of bodily functions according to LSCS and addressed the need to maintain those functions (see appendix). Health History Health History has been smoking heavily for 25 years. Considers herself ill during the course of the last 15 years, when after retirement Ms. Anderson started working as a janitor, where she experienced unfavorable thermal regimens. During her janitor work often experienced an ailment and took sick leaves from work once or twice each year. She left the job in two years, however continued to experience ailment two times annually. The symptoms usually included a fever of 37.6-38.2 o C, coughing with a scanty amount of colorless sputum, accompan
Crime scene reports usually describe clearly the unfolding of events at the scene of crime experienced by either a technician or a criminal investigator. It is advisable that any criminal investigation should be carried out by a critical investigator in order to retain to their specific departmental protocol of documentation by being unbiased as stated by Thomas (2010). This investigation provides a decisive report that is used by the court in making judgments and other personnel related to law enforcement practices. At 5:00 am, Detective Carlson Delta called seeking for assistance in investigating and processing on the sexual assault case that involved two victims. As it was mentioned by the mother of the two daughters of ages 8 and 9 years respectively their step father was accused of committing the crime. The mother of the two victims was not much sure on the period the act has been on the progress until investigation was to be done. As a criminal investigator, before setting my journey to the scene of crime, I equipped myself well with my tools of work which included the following: a pen, a notebook, disposable latex gloves, a plunger, a camera, evidence markers and tapes, labels, evidence bags, some forms of reports to be filled, and some holding tongs. I reached the criminal scene at a round eight o’clock in the morning where I found a gathering staring at the victims in the absence of the step father who was the accused. The first step on arriving at the scene of crime was to take control of the crowd and ensure that no one is touching the victims because this could interfere with the forensic investigation due to its high sensitivity nature (Thomas, 2010). In the process of controlling the crowd and maintaining order with the aid of the police officers, I took some photographs of the surrounding and then approached the main spot of event. I approached the mother first before conducting an interview with the two victims. I managed to conduct an interview to the mother of the two victims on the act of crime. The information coll