ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction What was the origin, establishment, development and relationship of Buddhism with other religions? What were various reforms that were made to restore it especially after Japanese occupation and how is the current situation? Buddhism could be seemed as set of religious beliefs that probably that has influenced by the philosophical teachings of Siddhartha sometimes it is also referred to as a guide that directs one towards reality. It originated in India sometimes back; about 2600 years ago. Buddhism is also referred to as Buddha dharma or simply as Dhamma. This religion originated from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautiona approximately in the 5 th BCE. It reached China in about 372 AD where the main religion of the day was Shamanism. It was first witnessed in Korea in 4 th century CE during the time when the country gave birth to Packche, Silla and Koguryo kingdoms. First it reached Koguryo north and then to the other two parts. It was taken there by a monk named Sondo form Chi’n but Korean Buddhism is not the same as those from other parts as this one tries to reduce the Chinese Mahayan inconsistencies. My main focus in this essay will be to discuss on its origin how it spread, its impacts and its practices. Main body The main Korean religion prior to the introduction of Buddhism was the shamanism, which up to now is valued by some Koreans. Its followers believe that natural forces, human beings as well as inanimate objects have spirit that deserves to be appeased. The two religions did not conflict in any way and if anything, they both complimented each other to produce a unique type of Buddhism that is only found in Korea. (Chong, R.K. 1997, pg 78) During its time of origin, their teachings were elementary and were taught by Chinese monk who came with him some Chinese statues and texts. His teachings consisted both the search for happiness and karma’s teachings. These teachings worked very well with shamanism such that they mixed and blended some unique form of Buddhism. So the Korean form of religion is totally different from others as it is a hybrid type of religion. During this period as it is mentioned above the Korean peninsular kingdom was divided in to three regions namely Kerguyo Paeje and Paekje which were located in the North, South West and South East respectively. Since it was introduced in Korea it only spread to well established and conquered others something that made Korea to be united. The Shilla United was famous for its arts and cultural materials for example the Maintreya image. The Kyongju that was mostly famous for its twin Stupas and the Koryo dynasty developed itself very much in terms of arts and cultures. It should not be forgotten that the koryo d
Brief Synopsis of the Issue This business report looks into the most desirable export strategies for Vital Camel Milk Ltd. can apply to start exporting camel milk products to the UK. The company was established in 2005 in Nanyuki, Kenya, and it currently exports various camel milk products to South Africa, Latin America, and the United Arab Emirates. The company has developed a portfolio of camel-based products, including whole milk, Yoghurt, and milk powder ( Products 2016). Camel milk is three times richer in vitamin C than cow milk, and it also has a higher content of other nutrients than cow and goat milk. The U.K is one of the nations in the European Union that has demonstrated a positive response to the introduction of camel milk to the retailing market (Barnard 2013). The increasing demand for camel milk in the nation has led to the entry of the Camelicious brand to the market, and it is recording high profits because it is a first mover. Vital Camel Milk Ltd. has the chance to become one of the suppliers of affordable camel milk products in this market. The growing demand for camel milk and the low competition in the U.K presents an opportunity for Vital Camel Milk Ltd. to venture into the market, but it needs a feasible export strategy. Recommendations The country of choice is the U.K because it presents a unique opportunity for Vital Camel Milk Ltd. because the availability of camel milk in the market depends on the exporting companies from different nations. The current market only has one major producer of camel milk products, Camelicious, and it is apparent that Vital Camel Milk Ltd. has the potential to provide alternative products at a competitive price that will influence the development of a large market share. Vital Camel Milk Ltd exports its products directly to different states across the world, and it has partnered with retailing supermarkets to distribute its products. The U.K has various retailing companies that are potential business partners for the company. The various supermarkets selling Camelicious products are potential partners for Vital Camel Milk Ltd. The U.K. is subject to the trade policies developed by the European Union, and the authorities in the Union have recently allowed the importation of camel milk products as long as
Executive Summary Company Overview Cakes Plus is a family-owned confectionery bakery in Laurel, Maryland, specialized in selling custom baked products. Along with made-to-order goods, Cakes Plus sells pre-baked cakes, cupcakes, and wedding cakes. The bakery also sells products for cake decorating from prominent US suppliers such as Wilton , Bakery Crafts , CK Products , Ateco , and some others. Additional services provided by Cakes Plus include cake decorating courses and candy making workshops that are held weekly. Management Team   * Alexis Hilley − owner, benefits manager, and finance executive.   * Michael Hilley − co-owner, business manager. Market Opportunity There are currently several custom bakeries and other settings offering confectionery in Laurel. Cakes Plus ‘s main rivals are Kake Korner , Genet’s Bakery , and I Heart U . The level of competition in the local confectionery market is high, and some of Cakes Plus ‘s current and potential competitors may have greater brand recognition and more loyal customers. They may also adopt more aggressive pricing and invest more resources in marketing and infrastructure development. To sustain in the market, Cakes Plus adds such values as quality, selection, price, customer focus, reliable fulfillment to its products and services. The customer value proposition allows the bakery to attract potential consumers more efficiently. Financial Summary Cakes Plus was started by owners’ funds and supported by loan purchases. The initial funds were needed to establish production, expand the facility, and the number of personnel. Since the opening in 1991, the bakery underwent a significant period of growth due to a steady inflow of storefront customers and the development of long-term partnerships with firms in the catering, food, and wedding industries associated with many business opportunities. To sustain the current level of net profit margins and increase revenues, Cakes Plus plans to invest in marketing, branding, product, and service diversification. Company Description Business Background Cakes Plus was established in 1991 as a small family-owned company. During the past decades, the bakery has increased production and expanded business, which allowed it to relocate operations from a 1.200-square foot store to a 4.000-square foot building. Currently, Cakes Plus ‘s personnel consists of 30 expert bakers and talented decorators who work six days a week from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Mission Statement Cakes Plus aims to offer unique and high-end confectionery goods and services to the Washington DC and Baltimore residents by retailing delicious cakes and a wide range of decoration supplies, hosting bakery classes, maintaining a creative and professional approach to work. Vision Statement Cakes Plus has the vision to become the best bakery known for high-quality treats and unique crea
In the case surrounding the former CEO of the Home Depot the stock prices fell up to 8% under his six year tenure and during the same years he received more than $240 million as his compensation package. However the Robert Nardelli resigned 1 st January 2007 but not before taking an exit package that was worth approximately $210 million dollars. Such a huge exit package was however made possible thanks to his employment agreement policy with the Home Depot Company which Robert entered into when he was hired by the company in the year 2000. This form of employment contract with the company is a binding legal agreement that is very difficult if not impossible for the company to break or even revoke and it is very common in very many other corporations. On the other hand the employment agreements clearly spell out what a chief executive officer will eventually receive as his compensation package and it also at times guarantees payment regardless of the executive’s performance. James R. And Chris W. (2007). In the case of Robert Nardelli among his other benefits his employment contract called for his annual salary of approximately 41.5 million dollars, an annual bonus of approximately $3 million dollars, an annual stock option grant that is approximately 450,000 shares as well as a grant of his deferred stock units that was corresponding to 750,000 shares the stock and this was regardless of his performance in the company. On the other hand his employment contract also predetermined how much compensation he would eventually receive in any possible termination scenario before the end of his working tenure. In Nardalli’s case of his recent resignation a part of his employment agreement stated that he would receive $20 million dollars in cash severance and the agreement also called for an accelerated vesting of options and the differed stock awards which he received throughout his employment in the Home Depots Company. The 40% of his $210 million dollars in his exit package or even the $84 million was for the reason that there was an acceleration vesting in the options as well as the stock awards. A large part of this amount also consists of the annual compensat
Extract (summary) The goal of every organization is to provide proper services to its customers. This will help attract them and ensure that they maintain them. This is necessary in order to maintain the sales and ensure profitability and sustainability of the business. Employees are required to understand the needs of their customers. This will put them in a position to match the products of the company with their needs. When the needs of the customers are met, they get satisfied (customer satisfaction) and this is what keeps them coming back for more. Therefore, customer service is important for the success of every business. Providing customer service is quite a simple task, however, providing efficient customer service is another story all together. This requires proper skills. Organizations can ensure that its employees are well equipped with these skills through providing them with proper training. This may be in the provision of courses that would impart these skills and knowledge to them. This way, the organization will be able to maintain its customers, make numerous sales and make profits constantly. The main objective of this paper is to look at the importance of effective customer service in the organization’s success. A vivid definition of customer service will be provided. The importance of customer service will also be evaluated. The impact that customer service has on sales in a business will be looked at. Some of the factors that enhance better customer service will also be discussed. Introduction Proper customer service, which is the act of providing services to the customer during the whole transaction process, is important for the success of every business. This involves providing the services before, during and after the customer has purchased the good or service. Effective customer service is meant to ensure customer satisfaction in order to be able to retain the customer base. This is necessary to maintain the number of sales that the business makes and consequently, continue to make consistent profits. In order to ensure that the customer service is effective, the organizations require to have well trained customer service providers. This can be achieved through the training of the employees (Pollitt, 2008). In addition, all new employees should also be introduced to the training in order to ensure that all the customer service staff is competent and understand how to handle their customers well. The future profitability of a company is greatly determined by its effectiveness to deliver customer satisfaction and providing quality real-time training to staff members, which will influence the success of the business. Customer service Customer service is generally the provision of quality service to the consumer of the organization’s products. It entails a series of activities during all stages of the consumer’s purchasing process. The main aim of providing customer service is to ensure customer satisfaction. Price (2011
Introduction Learning entails the process of acquiring knowledge, skills and ideas thus gaining a new perspective of the world. The learning process is influenced by factors which emanate from internal and external sources. Some of these include environmental, cognitive and emotional influences. Learning theories are aimed at giving an explanation of what take place in the learning process. The theories attempt to explain the processes involved in acquisition of knowledge. It is through learning theories that one acquires knowledge to interpret the various examples of learning processes. As a result, one is able to solve practical problems and issues arising from the learning processes. There are several learning theories which explain the learning process. These include behavioral theories, cognitive theories, holistic theories and humanistic theories of learning among others. This study seeks to compare behavioral and cognitive theories of leaning. Behavioral Theories of Learning According to Huitt and Hummel (1999, p. 5), behavioral approach to learning focuses on how the environment influences observable behaviors. These theories assert that for every response which is overt, there is a stimulus which causes it. Classical conditioning Pavlov used a dog to conduct a study on classical conditioning. Findings of the study revealed that every response is elicited by a stimulus. In order to gain a better understanding on classical conditioning, both unconditioned and neutral stimulus were used. Repeatedly, the neutral stimulus changes to a conditioned stimulus which in turn elicits a conditioned response. With time, this conditioned response becomes a habitual association achieved through pairing of neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus which to leads to a person or animal giving a similar response to both stimulus. Ivan Pavlov’s dog salivates each time the bell rings. This is due to the fact that the dog associated ringing of the bell with food. Operant Conditioning This behavioral learning theory was advanced by B.F. Skinner. It postulates that learning is the change of function in observable behavior as a result the responses to the stimulus within the environment. Skinner stresses on the need of reinforcement which strengthens the desired response. As a result, the antecedents of the newly learned behaviour are influenced by the consequences of previous behavior (Huitt, &Hummel, 1999, p. 3). The diagram shows the change in behavior as a result of operant conditioning. Connectionism This is another theory of behavioral learning by E. Thorndike in which learning just like in operant conditioning relies on the need for reinforcement. Three basic laws are considered. These include the law of effect, law of readiness and the law of exercise. With regard to law of effect, an individual’s response is turned into a habit if a reward is attached in order to strengthen the response. Law of readiness relates to when to events occurs in a sequence. On the other hand, law of exercise entails where connections are strengthened through prac
The Ticking Clock The author begins by alluding that victory in WW1 brought the British Empire to the top, becoming the largest empire in history. Lloyd George, the Prime Minister during the wartime, intended to use this feat as a weapon to trounce over his political opponents. Consequently, general elections were held on December 14, 1918 and as expected, the PM’s coalition party emerged the winner, taking almost 85 percent of the seats against the Liberals. An aspect of this victory was that most of the electoral seats were taken by Bonar Law’s Conservatives rather than by the PM’s Liberals. These Conservatives’ political agenda differed from those of the Prime Minister. Days later, Winston Churchill was made the Secretary of State for War and for Air in the new cabinet. This move did not go down well with the general public. Fromkin writes, “…the appointment aroused violent opposition” (Fromkin 385). With such opposition, any decision made by Churchill was bound to undergo detailed assessments. One of the major dilemmas that faced Churchill was Britain’s ambitious plan to replace the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East. He opposed these plans, arguing that Britain might lack money and manpower to undertake such a move. Lloyd George openly ignored him as he recognized that the occupation of the Middle East would result into major advantages. Churchill undertook major activities aimed at reducing Britain’s expenditure. First, he directed the demobilization and bringing home of soldiers in the Middle East even though this move jeopardized Britain’s chances of imposing peace terms in the Middle East, leaving such matters in the hands of the German and Turk armies. By October 1919, most of the army had been demobilized even though Britain had not gotten her terms. Churchill also slashed expenditure on the army from 604 million pounds 111 million pounds by 1922. In 1920 and 1921, the British economy collapsed virtually in all sectors. “Prices collapsed, exports slumped, companies went out of business, and the country was gripped by mass unemployment on a scale never known before” (Fromkin 387). With these conditions, the empire debated on whether it could afford foreign policy adventures and even questioned whether she had the ability to maintain social peace at home. Faced with a fading army, a deteriorating economy, and a disintegrating society, the Prime Minister focused his attention on the Middle East and the world while Churchill, unheeded, continued to warn that time was running out. The terms agreed at in the Middle East agreement seemed less important than the process by which they were reached. Besides, they were conducted in bad faith and this weakened the whole settlement. The negotiations had been shaped by Lloyd George’s plan of playing the US against Italy and France, while counting on the US to protect it from future threats. However, he realized that the US was not going to be its ally. “… [The US] was going to withdraw from world affairs and entangling
Article Purpose: Significance to Nursing The targeted article for this analysis is “Workplace Incivility Affecting CRNAs: A Study of Prevalence, Severity, and Consequences with Proposed Interventions” by Ray Emlblad, Gergana Kodjebacheva, and Lynn Lebeck. The researchers wanted to examine the prevalence of discourtesy in different healthcare settings. The occurrence of inappropriate behaviors in a health institution affects the performance of different caregivers. This problem might result in bullying and oppression. The malpractice makes it impossible for nurse practitioners (NPs) to support the health needs of their clients (Jones & Kelly, 2014). The presence of incivility in anesthetic settings affects the performance of nurses due to increased burnout (Cooper, Walker, Askew, Robinson, & McNair, 2011). The purpose of the study was to understand the presence of incivility that affected many workers. The targeted study problem was the existence of workplace incivility in different workplace environments. The article is significant to the wider field of health care. The ideas can be used by health professionals to monitor the presence of different malpractices. They should also present appropriate behaviors to improve the level of performance (Burns & Grove, 2011). Research Questions, Objectives, and Hypothesis The main hypothesis for this study was that uncivil behaviors in different healthcare settings resulted in the loss of morale and increased medical costs. The first objective was to understand the prevalence of uncivil behaviors in different anesthetic environments. The second objective was to propose effective strategies that can be used to address this problem (Elmblad, Kodjebacheva, & Lebeck, 2014). The main study question was to understand how incivility affected Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs). Such questions and objectives were appropriate for delivering quality findings. Method and Setting The researchers used appropriate methods to obtain their subjects. The qualitative study targeted sixteen CRNAs and anesthesiologists in three different hospitals (Elmblad et al., 2014). These respondents made it easier for the scholars to get meaningful ideas. Such find
Typically defined as the tool for measuring the gene expression ability and, therefore, the tool for fast and efficient diagnosing of cancerous cells (Haferlach et al. 2010), the technology of gene expression profiling is widely used in contemporary medicine. GEP is traditionally performed in thirty-nine steps (Imebaud & Auffray 2005), which include the identification of the experimental design, the collection of genes, identification of samples, array preparation, provision of a targeted synthesis, hybridization, transformation of the key data, acquisition of knowledge and storage of data (Imebaud & Auffray 2005). A closer look at GEP will show that it basically needs four key stages to be carried out. Particularly, the process requires RNA expression, promoter analysis, protein expression and post-translational modification (Li et al. 2013). It should be borne in mind, though, that GEP has different methods of pattern prognoses (Greaves et al. 2013, p. 261); therefore, some of the GEP process stages may vary depending on the type of prognostic pattern used in the course of the profiling. Therefore, the overall process of GEP includes the following stages: RNA expression (commonly in the form of northern blotting involving the analysis of the mRNA rates, promoter analysis, promoter expression and posttranslational modification analysis (Yoshida et al. 2012). It also should be noted that due to the specific genetic structure of the hyperproliferative tumor, for which aneuploidy is typical, it is rather difficult to “establish correlations between genetic abnormalities and clinical outcomes” (Zhan et al. 2015, p. 1746). In order to carry out the GEP analysis successfully, one will have to carry out a biopsy with a specimen of the malignant mass obtained. In the case of myeloma, the specimen in question may constitute a sample of the patient’s bone marrow (Lin et al. 2014); in other instances, a biopsy is carried out to retrieve the required specimen and carry out the evaluation of the disease progress. As a result of the above-mentioned analysis, the information concerning the type of multiple myeloma developed will be made available to researchers. However, in the most successful instances of a GEP analysis, not only the identification of a specific tumor that the oncologist has to deal with but also the classification of myeloma, in general, can be facilitated. Additionally, the above-mentioned analysis allows for locating a more or less identifiable clinical outcome in patients; particularly, the application of GEP in the instances of breast cancer deserves to be mentioned as a tool for defining clinical outcomes and the “previously unknown mediators of the metastatic steps of invasion and dissemination in human breast tumors in vivo” (Patsialou et al., 2012). Many researchers point out the complexity and the relative costliness of gene expression profiling to be introduced into clinical practice