ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Advertisements have a great influence on the people. There are a lot of special tricks that trigger impulse buying. The advertisement of chips Doritos is one of the best examples how the video may influence the people’s consciousness. Hint on sex and sexuality is an old time-tested trick used in ads. In Doritos Super Bowl advertisement, a sexual girl tries to seduce a young boy but she fails to do it because he is very captured with the football match eating the pack of chips without paying attention to her. Only these chips help her to pull him into the room. Another trick used in advertisements is sounds. People memorize things better with the help of music. All sorts of audible cues are used to attract the consumers’ attention. These annoying jingles are very effective to get people to remember a particular product from this advertisement. In the case of Doritos Super Bowl advertisement, the crunch of chips and the sounds from the TV football match are used to catch the audience’s attention. Many companies use absurd situations in the advertisements in order to pass the main idea to the consumers. It is very extraordinary situation when a young naked girl strews herself with chips which are so much liked by her boyfriend. Such extreme comparisons and analogies are very successful at making the consumers be interested in the product. Having watched the Dorito Super bowl advertisement, many young girls find the secret of their sexuality in chips. It sounds inept. Such unusual situations and images play the same role as metaphors and similes in the literature. This absurd visualization makes the consumers remember the product and buy it in order to have the same situation in their life. Fantasy imaginary is another method to influence the consumers. People who are portrayed in the advertisement have exaggerated perfection. A young, beautiful and sexual girl with long shiny and lush hair in her boyfriend’s shirt looks perfectly. There is no man who doesn’t pay attention to such a beautiful girl but her boyfriend is fond of eating chips. The scene when this girl lies in the bed with a heap of chips is also perfectly depicted: a smart white room with a comfortable bed on which such a sexy naked girl lies strewed with chips catches the eye of the consumers. Such exaggerations help to make an accent on the product. The emotions of the young boy have overstated especially his mimics depicting his astonishment and joy. Many young women catch the hint of this ad. They know what is necessary to do to make their boyfriends happy. It is necessary to buy a lot of packs of Dorito. It should be pointed out that one pack is not enough. It will be better to buy a lot of chips at once. The message that is sent by the creators of the ads is that the consumer will have the same situation or effect when he/she buys this product. Having chosen these young people for the Dorito Super Bowl ad is a clever maneuver. First of all, this ad attracts the attention of all young people including young
Introduction The discussion of gun control laws is one of the most critical topics in the USA. While some believe that every citizen should have a right to self-defense, others note the growing number of incidents involving violence induced by weapons. Hence, the major concern is that by allowing individuals to carry guns for self-protection, the government simultaneously puts other people in danger of being killed accidentally or intentionally. My stance on this issue is that there should be strict gun control laws regulating who can own and carry weapons under what circumstances and who cannot do so. The most prominent constitutional issue related to the topic is reflected in the Second Amendment that defends the individual right to keep and bear arms. However, as Blocher remarks, this Amendment’s “massive” role in the national gun debate i
Alan Greenspan was the Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1987 and 2006, and this book, The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World is a combination of a personal memoir and a series of essays pertaining to the US and world economy. The first eleven chapters of this book are an autobiographical chronology of his life from his earliest memories up till 2006. This section allows readers a look in to his personal life and the people and circumstances which influenced and guided him. Then, in the last fourteen chapters, he writes about his experiences in government and as an economist, discusses capitalism and other economic systems of the world, and presents his analysis and history of current issues in the global economy, and issues that the global economy is set to go through in the future. Greenspan has a lot of credibility to his name as he has worked with every president since 1969, excluding Jimmy Carter. And this book contains an assessment of the styles and policies of each. In his opinion, Gerald Ford who knew when to listen to his advisors and when to trust his own knowledge, had a very positive impact on the US as well as world economy because of the deregulation he helped bring about and the priority status he gave to reducing inflation. Ford became president at a time when the economy was crippled with high inflation rates, OPEC oil embargo and the removal of wage/price controls which the Nixon government before him had implemented. I do agree with Greenspan’s appreciation for the measures Ford took to reduce the inflation rate, as he took a number of initiatives such as the Whip Inflation Now Campaign, to fight inflation at the individual and household level. In addition, he sought to cut taxes, reduce expenditure and “decontrol” energy prices. Even though inflation was actually curtailed in the 1980s, after Ford had left office, his attempts at restoring the ravaged economy handed to him by Nixon warrant praise. I also agree with Greenspan’s views about Clinton, who he ranks second to Ford with his “consistent, disciplined focus on long-term economic growth”. Clinton was the president for the longest period of economic expansion in US history, in a time of peace, and left with the budget balanced and a huge federal surplus at the end of his presidency. While no one administration can be awarded all the credit for all the growth and advancement that takes place in the decades that follow, but a closer review of Clinton’s policies makes it apparent that his decisions at that time, some crucial compromises, to reduce the federal deficit have a big role to play in the high-investment, growth and productivity that resulted in later years. Greenspan, however, is extremely harsh in his criticism of the current President Bush and his Vice President Dick Cheney who did not adhere to their own party’s principles on spending and deficits, by paying very little attention to fiscal discipline. He dealt with the Congress in a way which spelled out “conflict avoidance”, never calling them out on excessive
The life of a general man can span up to 70 years and more. With the development in medical sciences, the general age of dying is gradually becoming more and more distant. Now, a man can live to more than 90 years. But for a long and healthy life, a person must maintain strict regulations in his life. There are a lot of methods by which a man can determine how he is going to spend his days in order to live a long and healthy life. The processes can be named as qualitative, quantitative and mixed methodology design. Also clinical psychology plays an important role in this case. It is nothing but an integration of science and theories to offer the clinical ‘knowhow’ for the all-round and thorough development of a person. Basically a part of the mental health treatments, it is a very important aspect for the well-being of any person (Damasio, 1999). This is one of the most preferred methods on the subject we are dealing with. It enables the patient to know what is really important for his or her health and how it could be taken care of. This also gives the chance to take care of the patient’s health from both the ways, from the doctor’s angle he will try to cure the patient medically, and from the point of view of the patient, he will mentally prepare himself to do everything that is needed to be physically fit. This unique combination makes clinical psychology one of the most in demand studies and forms of treatment and form controlling life span, this could be one of the most researched subjects in near future too (Metzinger, 1999). The abnormalities of birth are mainly caused by the teratogen hormone. Clinically speaking, there are a lot of factors that can really cause this mishap. Generally, 3-5% of the entire new born children are born with birth defects, and this is the most important case of infant mortality. A recent study showed that in the United States, the defect causes 20% of all infant death. Also another aspect of worry in this case is almost 65% of these deaths have no identifiable causes in them (Waterworth & Waterworth, 2001). There are a wide range of different chemical agents present that can make this happen along with some environmental agents too. Chemical agents like “ ethanol, temazepam, aminopterin, busulfan, some infections, exposure to atomic weapons, or radiation therapy ” (Baars, 1988) etc can cause the problem. Also, excessive smoking, and consumption of caffeine and alcohol can also cause the disease too. This is something really accidental but by the means of clinical psychology, the physicians can make the patients stay away from the smoking and drinking, which can prevent the risk. One of the most difficult corners of psychology deals with infant temperament. There are a wide variety of temperaments that we can see in infants and that can be termed as natural in some cases. As there is a wide variety, sometimes parents need to be assured that their child is behaving normal. Generally there are three types of infant temperament and they are “ easy temperament, slow-to-warm-up temperament and difficult temperament” (Dolan, 1999). Generally most babies fall
Introduction The globalization of the world has allowed companies to source their technology, goods, supplies, and information from remote locations without the need to choose local options. However, the geographic situation of a business remains high due to the existence of clusters on the world’s economic map. Clusters are places with organizations that amass critical competitive success in a specific field. They can vary in size, often spanning across a metropolitan area, a state, a country, or a group of nations. For example, the fashion and design industries of Italy or a wine production system in California are considered to be clusters. These systems include a network of companies, organizations, and institutions that operate in a particular field. A cluster can have suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, universities, governmental institutions, and other elements that contribute to the industry’s activities. Due to their complex structure that does not fit industries’ classifications, clusters can stay unrecognized for a long time. Main body Clusters offer companies a comparative advantage and promote cooperation simultaneously. Inside the cluster, rivals compare their prices and products making competition for customer retention more rigorous. On the other hand, the integration of different organizations leads to better vertical cooperation between different levels of industries such as suppliers and manufacturers. Clusters are essential for increasing and maintaining competition because they affect companies’ productivity – the central aspect of competitiveness. Thus, local businesses that compare their quality of services to each other strive to offer better products and improve their processes. The quality of the local environment strongly influences competition as it provides businesses with supplies, customers, and infrastructure. Moreover, clusters drive innovation forward and invite new companies to be established in the area, further contributing to competition and innovation. It is advantageous for new and established companies to base their primary business in a cluster as it provides a developed infrastructure with resources and clients. For instance, a cluster can have an existing pool of employees that are experienced in the field and have needed knowledge for the firm to avoid additional costs of training. Moreover, it can have suppliers that know which materials are required for the type of business. Thus, clusters are better than vertical integration as they give companies more choices. Furthermore, they attract customers who are acquainted with the quality of the cluster and its range of offered services. Thus, a level of entry in a cluster is low for new companies. Clusters also promote innovation of all its members which further increases the quality of the
Security threats in computer networks Computer security is an issue that has grown to be of gross concern in the present years. Individuals and companies have suffered major losses as a result of the vice. Many people have spent quite a lot of money on the same though at times information insecurity has gone on to rise. This paper aims at identifying threats posed by viruses and security tools which can be used to protect computer data from inadvertent usage and for maintenance of confidentiality within persons and organizations. At first the paper will focus on the security issue in general as guidance to the rest of the paper. There are very many security threats that exist in any particular system in the organization. Some of the most serious threats include intrusion by hackers, terrorists, spies, corporate raiders, professional criminals, military forces and vandals, and viruses. Due to the way the current generation has become technology savvy, there are various tools that the attackers have specialized in perfecting their trade. Some of the most common methods are using user commands to gain entry into computer systems, using special scripts and/or programs, making use of autonomous agents, toolkits, data taps and distributed tools. The attackers then pose various vulnerabilities to the system which includes implementation, design and configuration vulnerability. In order to make sure that their efforts are fruitful, they either infiltrate into the computer systems using unauthorized use where a person uses data or information which is otherwise supposed to be limited to him and unauthorized access to some systems. After various series of processes, the person or persons can be able to access files stored in the computer or other information which may be in transit like data, objects and invocations. This paper will be specific in its focus and will clearly go through virus attacks with a special concern on poison Ivy. Poison Ivy is a computer virus that started showing up in the year 2006. When it attacks the computer, it makes firefox.exe to appear in the task manager without the consent of the user. According to experts, the factor that leads to this behavior is a malicious Trojan which is based on Poison Ivy. This is tools which has been used for bypassing a firewall and remotely administer a system. When the tool is in the system, it tends to create up a server kind of a file on the system it is occupying. It alerts a maker of the Trojan of the presence of the system when it is online. When this happens, the maker is given the rights to access, monitor and completely control the system which has been infected. Among the critical information which can be made available to the user is system passwords and usernames, banking information, credit information, and private data which might have been accessed on screen either through typing or just viewing for the instance that the system was infected. The settings for this ‘server’ entail it to
Introduction Not all theories that predict or explain evidence can be given the credit of being universally accepted as deductively integrated in the formal systems. Most of the ordinary theories employ auxiliary hypothesis to come up with deductive observation and predictions. Such theories are considered as being inconsistent and inappropriate in predicting any phenomena. Most theories prove to have syntactic consistency problems in conjoint applications. Theories employed to come up with deductive observations and conclusions should make use of available evidence in order to confirm any hypothesis or conclusion. There are these observable evidences that are based on while deciding whether a theory is consistent or not. Hampel argues that deductive inferences gotten from theoretical premises are crucial in the theories inexplicable judgment (Hempel, 1996) Conditions Hempel suggests conditions which theories must fulfill in order to get more credence. The conditions include; entailment conditions, consistency conditions and consequence condition (Fetzer, 2000). According to Hampel, such theories must fulfill these conditions. Very few theories meet these conditions as some come up with observable evidence which contradict the formulated hypothesis, some lack any evidence while some make predictions basing on the hypothesis rather than evidence. Hempel justifies this argument by stating the formulating of hypothesis related to a particular object should be understood to be what the hypothesis are meant to assert. Theories should be consistent in their hypothesis and the objects they are trying to assert. Normally, positivists typically make theorists wind up as they deny conforming to any theoretical entities existence. Justification Hempel remains restrictive in the way observations are generalized. He goes ahead to confirm that there is no way claims on theories based on mere claims of predicates can be confirmed. However, Hampel still appreciates that it is not necessary to insist that most of the theories consist of imperceptible entities. Most of the theories that predict or explain evidence try to justify induction. Hampel also takes a look at the concerns on whether evidence evaluation for any theory results to any difference as to whether the empirical evidence are provided before the creation of the theory or whether it is the theory that predict the evidence. According to Hampel, hypothesis for any theory are strengthened and supported by the data provided. Thus the strength of any theory depends on what the hypothesis formulated assert and the type of data used. The data used serve as evidence and are based on to confirm hypothesis. Both data and observations are based on to confirm hypothesis thus theories must meet the consistency condition as well as the other two conditions. Moreso, without any justification, it is hard to get attached to the account of the theories as accurate des
Introduction Computers and the internet have become an integral part of modern life and it is hard for a person to go through a day without interacting with these technologies. Due to the numerous advantages gained by using the two technologies, people are relying even more on computers and the internet for personal and commercial purposes. This increase in usage has led to an increase in the rise in attempts by malicious people to compromise the systems. A number of important security issues have therefore emerged as malicious people seek to exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems and the internet. For most computer users, a number of common threats are likely to be encountered. Types of Threats Malware is a set of malicious code that runs on the computer and makes it do something that the attacker wants it to do. An important aspect of malware code is that it is installed in a computer without the consent of the owner of the computer. Balmes and Damsky (2015) of the Check Point Company declare that this malicious code can be designed to do a wide number of activities. It could delete files from the computer, monitor keystrokes, gather information about a user’s computing habits, and steal personal information saved on the hard drive. Computer systems also faces threats from the worm, which is a self-replicating piece of code that propagates itself through networks. Cisco (2014) declares that worms are unique in that they do not require human interaction to spread through the network. Worms usually exploit some flaw in a target and conquer it in an automated fashion, without a user doing anything. They ar
Test development is the act of making or designing a system or measure through which credential and competence can be assessed. The assessment results or performance is displayed in scores/marks and the test developed should fulfill the demands of set academic standards i.e. national standards. The developed test should meet the standards for accreditation and certification, meet the principles of fairness and produce candidates fit for employment selection. These standards are met to ensure that the test is valid and dependable and be able to cover gaps in information that can result to incapability in work and should also be consistent in evaluation. (2nd edition. Haladyna, 1999).The test making procedure involves:-  1. Carrying out a job task study to ensure that it will be job informative and validating to the focus area and be able to give information required to meet the standards for the given job. The test being developed should have the relevant materials like books and practice products and sites like laboratories. It should have developed valid test objectives and measurable knowledge. (2nd edition. Haladyna, 1999)  2. Developing the test design that defines the characteristics of the test, ensure consistency of content for example same exam one student gets ‘A’ and another ‘B’. It should expand on the purpose of the test, describe the target group, and specify the number of items covered by the test. (Ed. Impara, 1995) It should in details give the objective and number of items per unit, give the content outline and give the test format and item types.  3. Develop the items contents that should be significant, able to measure levels of knowledge and match the objectives set.  4. Review and validation of items to ensure they meet standards then they are sent to professionals for final validation.  5. Assembling and delivery into the test pool waiting to administer the exam to the desired number and group of students. This number enables for certification and ensures stability of the test.  6. Analyzing the test results meant to measure the level of difficulty and extent to which it reflects the different levels of knowledge.  7. Construction of equivalent exam forms to maximize the reliability in testing. To ensure that other equivalent test would give the same results.  8. Establish the pass or fail standards according to the testing guidelines.  9. Administer the test through paper and pen or computer methods. 10. Provide test maintenance of item level and form statistics analysis from time to time. Taking an example of the Association of chartered certified Accountants (ACCA) testing Body the first
Situation The patient is Mr. G.K. Ackah. He complains of urinary retention and a headache “on and off” for a week. Background The support information is that patient was admitted through the emergency room yesterday. Since the admission, the patient’s vitals have been stable. Blood pressure was 142 over 86; the patient did not feel any pain but felt uncomfortable for some time. The patient has a penicillin allergy and was immunized against influenza. Past medical history includes hypertension (HTN). The patient does not wear glasses or use any hearing aid. Assessment The admitting physician, Dr. Montgomery, diagnosed the patient with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Recommendation Dr. Montgomery recommends transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) surgery for the patient. The patient has given oral consent to the surgery. In addition, the patient was informed about the purpose and the length of the surgery, the post-surgical care, and other details regarding the procedure. The patient has been NPO today. Reference Montgomery College. (2013). Intro to Cultural [PDF document]. Web.