ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The majority of the book’s chapters are filled with legends and superstitions about the Kiowa, its religion, and its traditions. Although chapter 17 also tells the story of Momaday’s ancestors, this one, in particular, seems more realistic than many others. This paragraph focuses a lot on the role of women and their image in the tribe. Mostly they are depicted in a negative way as unworthy and treacherous. In the story, one of the leading female characters is portrayed as cruel and unjust towards the man. He was a decent hunter who could not see, but still, he managed to perform his duty to protect and feed the family. Once on a hunt, when he got big prey, his wife convinced him that the man did not kill the buffalo. Then she took it to the village, leaving her husband all alone in the woods. Eventually, some people from the local camp accidentally found him after a week and brought him with them to the tribe. When they arrived, a young woman was telling the story about her husband, who was murdered due to the enemies’ attack (Momaday, 1969). The survivor soon enough realized that the voice belonged to his wife, and after that, she was banished from the tribe. Women did not have much power and influence back then. They were treated poorly, and the male part of the tribe could easily harm or abuse them. For instance, Momaday (1969) tells about when a man killed his wife because she agreed to spend time with the leader. Another case happened around the winter of 1851, and one member of Kiowa kidnapped a married woman from her family and made her freeze in the snow (Momaday, 1969). Unfortunately, such occasions were not rare in the community, and native people gave women very little recognition and allowed them a small role in the life of the tribe. Thus, the legend strongly correlates with the actual situation at that time. Women’s position was almost the same as the slaves,’ but only slightly higher, and men did not consider them equal (Momaday, 1969). The narrator remembered his grandmother, an outstanding female member of the Kiowa tribe and was respected by the people. In contrast to other women, she had physical and mental abilities just as strong as men’s and symbolized female empowerment. The picture with a man on a horse chasing the buffalo is one of the best and most appropriate illustrations of the chapter, and the specific story told. The hunter goes after the beast with a spear in his hand, aiming to kill it to use his meat for food and the skin for making clothes. It demonstrates the man’s role in Kiowa and the primary duties to help the tribe survive and keep it safe. Due t
The Field To define the major design and architect principles, specific attention should be made to the Wolansky Foundation defining the site, expenditures, changes, and the architect’s concepts (n. p.). Regarding the fact that the design and construction of the Opera House are presented as the world’s known masterpiece, it is necessary to study historical, social, and design perspectives to define why the Opera House has acquired the respectable status in the world of architecture. Theory Neil Brown theory allows to define the frameworks and approaches through which the art object can be studied (n. p.) Hence, there is a direct correlation between the functional fittings and building spaces presented by Utzon in his project of Sydney Opera House. Tombesi and Martel state, “…the introduction of mechanical appliances into the domestic environment…moved alongside not only with the necessity to shelter such equipment but also with the challenge to integrate it into the spatial structure of the building” (43). Judging from this perspective, modern movement has a direct relation to the industry and architecture where mass production, esthetic metaphors, and cultural icons have been closely intertwined. Engineering, equipment, and design should follow the overall concept and become an integrative force (Tombesi and Martel 51). The formal and technical innovation of the Opera House implies the use of the construction project in an aesthetic context whereas the second dimension reflects an opportunity to test technical research for the purpose of establishing the relation between functionality and design. Object Sydney Opera House is considered to be one of the most recognized architectural constructions that is included into the list of World Heritage buildings. Its innovative design involves countless techniques and ides. The construction principles reflect the vision of providing the House with multifunctionality and architectural integrity at the same time (Building Program n. p.). Designer The Psychological The designer combined different ideas into a unity of shapes, colors, and lines. Hence, roof silhouettes overlapping interior volumes, spherical geometry and elements of nature have been skillfully combine to render the concept of modern design (The Wolansky Foundation n. p.). The Socio-cultural Utzon managed to integrate functional fitting of the construction, as well as its cultural value. The construction was inspired by different examples from classical and modern architecture. Introduction of Greek motives presented through theatre seating and introducing Circular Quays are among the main cultural and social influences (The Wolansky Foundation n. p.). The Economic The construction was created by an outstanding architect Jorn Utzon (Building Program n. p). In 1956, when the Australian Government announced an international design competition, the main purpose was to construct two performance halls for symphony concerts and for opera (Overview: The Building n. p.). Searching for a candidature from a pile of submissions, Jo
In 1973 oil, producing Arab countries met and announced the increase of oil prices and reduction of oil by some by some percentage. In the year, a meeting was called, and in the meeting, they threatened the united states with an idea of an oil weapon if they did not change their policy regarding the Israel-Arab conflict. The meeting, which increased the prices, turned political lather economical. Their main aim as it out was to force or persuade the United State to abandon what they called ‘blind and unlimited support for Israel’. They threatened that the United States would lose everything if it did not change the policy relating Arab- Israel conflict. At the meeting, they went further to detail on how detailed how they were going to sell oil to friendly and moderate countries. In one resolution, they grouped countries into four groups—the first group being the favoured countries that were to receive full oil requirements. At the same time, the second group was called the preferred group who were to receive oil equivalent of their average imports of Arab oil. The other group was called the neutral group of countries; they were to receive oil at the general cutback rate. At the same time, the fourth group, which they called embargoed countries, which included the USA, South Africa, Rhodesia and Netherlands, were to receive nothing. Immediately there were diplomatic pressures relating to this form of oil weapon and in November, the same year met and showed flexibility in their demands. This weakened the blunt oil weapon, and it proved that it was not an effective instrument because the countries, which were embargoed, including the United States, had military power and used allies like Iraq to reduce the pressure through diplomatic means. The USA realized that to weaken this oil weapon is to ensure that the oil Arab producing countries were not speaking with the same tone. To succeed, they supported the Iraq Iran war, the war that lasted eight years. Immediately after the Iraq-Iran war, Iraq turned an enemy of the USA and invaded Kuwait (From political history, Kuwait was a province of Iraq). If Sadam Hussein was to achieve his aim of reverting Kuwait from a country to a province, then Iraq could control huge reserves
How morality function affects cosmopolitan communications The firewall model as postulated by Norris and Inglehart holds that news media impacts on societal values and as such, they can actually initiate value change. Norris and Ingehart have noted that although such a scenario may not occur frequently, nonetheless, there is the risk that it can be mediated by societal factors, in which case individual countries can be affected by the flow of cosmopolitan communication. For example, in Chapter 3 of their book, Norris and Ingehart show how the flow of information moves from the global north (especially Germany, the US, the UK, Canada, and France) to the other global countries (Norris and Inglehart 8). Many of these other global countries lack the necessary media freedom and do not easily access foreign news. In addition, they cannot also easily access foreign communication infrastructures. According to Norris and Inglehart, such a setting acts as a firewall that shields media influences from the society. What the authors intend to demonstrate is that cultural products, communication and information do not just flow freely, and that their flow could be hindered by ‘firewalls’ or social barriers (specifically isolation, poverty, traditional local socialization processes, and press restrictions). Many behavioural practices and social values are learned from the ideas and images conveyed by glossy magazines, television entertainment, music videos, internet websites, feature films, consumer advertising, and news reports. As such, the media is regarded as one of the most important tools for socialization. Therefore, the media can influence the attitudes and moral standards of the society. Although Norris and Ingehart do not object to the claim that the media does exist, nonetheless, its activities are limited by firewalls (15). Due to the existence of various firewalls, the mass media is not in a position to penetrate parochial societies and as a result, it is cannot influence them. What should be done by politicians about cosmopolitan, what cultural policies should be developed, according to Norris and Inglehart? Owing to the rapid expansion of global communication, indigenous cultures are at a greater risk of being exposed to a sudden flow of advertising, corporate capitalism, communication, and explicit sexuality and graphical violence on television. This implies that globalization is a threat to cultural diversity and unless something is done very fast, we are likely to witness the loss of cultural diversity in certain sections of the society. Towards this end, our politicians have an important
Objectives Objectives are statements of plans of intention stated in a measurable and subjective way. In a study by Kotler (2009) objectives are specific in nature and carry a characteristic of being achievable at the end of a specified period of time. The objective of the company will mention the targets to be achieved by the end of financial year 2010 June. Converse company will state its objectives with reference to market share, sales and profitability. Market share By the end of the financial year, Converse Company will cover 67 % of its market niche. The objective will be achievable after integrating e-marketing strategy in its advertisement criteria. This is in recognition of the fact that information technology plays a critical role in the present economy where most of the transaction is done via internet. The 67 % market niche covers a total of 10 identified potential market environment. In a study (Kotler, 2009) branding, pricing, and excellent distribution channels will sum up to meet the target of 67% market coverage. Sales A statement of sales objective of the company is: by the end of the financial year June 2010, Converse Company will have recorded a sales level of 10,000 units which is equivalent to $ 500,000. Competent sales team who will be employed form a basis for a high sales level to be recorded. A continuous process of research on the product is important to build its competitiveness. This undertaking will also make the company to take over the market and increase its output level in terms of sales. Profits After consideration of the costs and other expenses of the company, a profit level of $ 400,000 will be achieved at the end of the year. This represents a percentage turnover ratio of 60 %. The objective is achievable following a shift to a less costly strategy of e- marketing. With reference to customer’s experience, feedback from customers is important if the company is to realize more sales. Converse company will target to meet a high satisfaction level for its customers. Control This entail measuring the performance of the company with reference to pre-stated objectives. It assists the policy makers or rather the managers to adjust their marketing strategies with an aim of meeting the objectives. It is imperative to disintegrate the objectives of a whole financial year into periods of 3 months interval. The action will go along in monitoring the performance of the business in 4 periods of three months each. Tabular illustration of periodic targets is shown
NFL is associated with many field injuries NFL football players should be allowed to use medicinal marijuana. There are many cases of injury associated with football (Joy, Watson and Benson 45). This is based on the fact that since football was started for the first time in the late 1860s, it has come to be known as one of the risky games on earth. Every year, the NFL league has been having many cases of players who have been injured (National Football League 7-9). Undeniably, some of these injuries are life and career-threatening. These days, serious injuries such as concussions have become rampant in the NFL league. In this case, medicinal marijuana could basically be a drug to aid ease the pain of these players (Campos-Outcalt, Hamilton and Rosales 4-6). Evidently, in week 10 of the 2013 season in the NFL league, more than nine NFL players were nursing injuries coupled with a concussion. At least four of those players had already been left out or sidelined due to injuries (Breslow par. 1). The previous year was no exception as more than ten players suffered from several head injuries. These are mainly major injuries; it must be realized that many players usually pick injuries or pain in nearly every game they play, including training. This in itself leaves players worn out. Therefore, medical marijuana is meant to cure things such as lack of enthusiasm, lack of fear towards opponents and restores confidence amongst players. Those who sustain injuries will also be willing to continue playing other than going for months just to recover from chronic pain. Supported by science Basing on a retrogressive study on medical marijuana by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1999, most findings show a possible therapeutic value for medical marijuana, majorly for conditions such as alleviating pain, control of vomiting and nausea, as well as stimulation of appetite. The study also established that there was considerable agreement amongst scholars on the scientific proof regarding the potential uses of medical marijuana (Compassionate Care 1). As an alternative for patients, a large percentage of oncologists recommend medical marijuana. In the 1990s, even before any state in the United States had thought of legalizing medical marijuana, studies showed that about forty-four percent of oncologists had already recommended medical marijuana to a number of their patients with positive results. In another study by Joy, Watson, and Benson (4-7), scientific data show the possible remedial value of medical marijuana, primarily for pain relief. Many people have shown reservations with the decision to legalize medical marijuana that because youngsters usually look onto this player as their role models, they are also likely to take it should they legalize it. It must be under
Key Elements of Richard Branson’s Leadership Style: Analysis When it comes to defining the unique characteristics of Richard Branson’s leadership style, one must give him credit for being unbelievably innovative. Indeed, a closer look at the strategy adopted by him to manage the key processes at Virgin Group will reveal that he supports the concept of creative thinking and original ideas as the means of approaching business problems and the related concerns. Additionally, the leadership style adopted by Richard Branson seems to be rather loose. The flexibility, which the specified approach allows for, makes the foundation for the company’s success in the target market. It is important to make sure that the staff members and the company’s managers are provided with enough room for creativity in term of decision-making processes; therefore, the flexible approach that Richard Branson’s concept of leadership is founded on serves as the platform for the company to excel in the designated environment and to succeed in the global market. Another characteristic feature of Richard Branson‘s leadership style, the emphasis on the communication issue deserves to be mentioned. As Branson puts it, “Communication is a skill that you can learn. It’s like riding a bicycle or typing. If you’re willing to work at it, you can rapidly improve the quality of every part of your life” (Gallo, 2015, par. 1). Therefore, the choice of the communication strategy aimed at determining the emerging issues and addressing them in a manner as efficient and expeditious as possible can be deemed as the essential characteristics of the firm. The Virgin Group and the Specifics of Richard Branson’s Leadership Style: Suggestions It should be noted, though, that the leadership style adopted by the manager must be compatible with the specifics of a certain organization. In other words, the leadership approach chosen by Branson may have negative effects on the overall performance of the organization unless the unique characteristics of the latter are taken into account. For instance, the fact that the companies under the leadership of Branson require a set of clearer and more stringent guidelines deserves to be considered when shaping t
Short stories have the ability to convey a great deal of information in a short space of time through the careful use of literary tools such as imagery, narration, and contrast. By using these tools to deliver a consistent message, writers are able to question many of our assumed knowledge and force us to take a new look at an old idea. Raymond Carver, for instance, manages to question our assumptions about vision, what it is and what is important for us to see, by using narration, imagery, and contrast to convey his story “Cathedral,” in which it can be argued he presents a case of the blind leading the blind. The narrator admits from the very beginning of the story that he is nervous about having a blind man in his house, suggesting that he himself is actually quite blind to the reality of the world around him. He says, “And his being blind bothered me. My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies, the blind moved slowly and never laughed. Sometimes they were led by seeing-eye dogs.” The narrator quickly emerges as a man blinded by ignorance as he first wonders whether he should take a blind man bowling for entertainment or if his wife was black based upon her name, Beulah. His concerns and ideas regarding the blind man seem completely unfounded and irrational, such as his surprise that a blind man might choose to wear a full beard, while his ideas regarding what to talk about remain hopelessly figured on the visual. When he turns the TV on, it is clear he does so out of boredom with the conversation and as a means of synthesizing some of the information he’s received regarding the blind man, simply by watching him. The narrator has proven himself to be blind in his thoughts and ideas and this has made him mute in the company he’s keeping. Imagery provides the reader with a picture of what is going on in the story and, in this story, provides the first indication that the blind man is not as ‘blind’ as the narrator. The narrator tells us what his wife has told him about the blind man coming to visit, evoking a tender scene in which a very intimate and deeply moving connection was made between the wife and the blind man. “She told me he touched his fingers to every part of her face, her nose—even her neck! She never forgot it … In the poem, she recalled his fingers and the way they had moved around over her face. In the poem, she talked about what she had felt at the time, about what went through her mind when the blind man touched her nose and lips.” As he tries to decide what to talk about with the blind man, the narrator cannot seem to get away from the visual, wanting to suggest which side of the train to sit on for the best view of the Hudson. Finally, though, it is imagery that marks the difference between the two men as one thinks only in terms of pictures and the other, upon reflection, must admit that he really has no idea of what is meant by the word ‘cathedral’. Although the blind narrator is perfectly capable of seeing what the cathedral looks like, he is not abl
Fences are intended to portray the 1950s, when the new black generation became more optimistic about a better life (Lee, 2020). We see this in Cory, who aspires to better things but is stifled to some extent by his enraged father, Troy, who still believes that whites did not give the black guy a fair shot. Apart from Troy, the entire tone of the play suggests that times were changing for the better for the black guy. The fences facing Troy and his family members include social issues, emotional connection, prejudice, and institutional bias. It’s also the barrier between him and death, and it safeguards what little he has. It reflects Rose and Cory being walled in by Troy’s egotism and inability to deliver tender affection. The fence is natural because it represents Rose’s love for her husband and keeping him for herself. The wall is symbolic as it refers to the historical practice of keeping black people enslaved within the confines of slavery in the United States. Troy has an affair as a way of escaping the stresses of everyday life. Troy has followed his father’s model by being insensitive, abusive, and closed-minded. Nevertheless, he has improved upon his father’s model in that, though unfaithful, he has only one legal wife. He can be characterized as hard-working, unsettled, insecure, unfaithful, stubborn, and self-centered. Rose is realistic, loving, gentle, loyal, strong, and resilient, while Cory is compassionate, respectful, ambitious, and dynamic. Lyons is ambitious, talented, and enduring. Both Lyons and Cory leave home over a conflict with Troy, similar to how Troy left home over a dispute he had with Cory’s paternal grandfather. Lyon grew up with his mother alone, while Troy grew up with his father alone. All the three grew up with bitterness.