ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This essay explores the impact of multigenerational labour force and the ageing workforce on human resource management in the current business environment. The paper also seeks solutions to the human resource management issues that emanate from the multigenerational and ageing workforce. In this paper, it is argued that the contemporary work environment is faced with significant pressure and complexity due to the existing generational gap. This paper begins with the explanation of what constitutes a multigenerational workforce and ageing workforce. The paper also looks into the impacts of these two types of workforce on human resource management in business environment. This is followed by an exploration of the mechanisms that are being deployed to iron out the complexities of a multigenerational workforce. In the discussion, the paper brings out the issue of best practices in the application of job design strategies and motivational theories in managing a multigenerational workforce. According to Dwyer (2009), the generational differences in the contemporary work environment have challenged the management of the workforce. The modern work environment faces the challenge of attaining compatibility of employees. This is caused by the fact that there are variations in the age and character of the employees (Tulgan 2004). This increases the difficulty of uniting employees on work practices in organizations (Hatfield 2002). It is, therefore, important to understand the issues that surround a multigenerational and ageing workforce in organizations to solve the complexities. It is critical to understand the real meaning of a multigenerational workforce and an ageing workforce. According to Kunreuther (2003), a multigenerational workforce implies that people of diverse characteristics prevail in the same work environment. This denotes the differences in the nature of the generations that are prevailing in the contemporary economic environment. The most notable way in which the generational gap is defined is by basing on age difference. The age differences bring out a number of developmental features of the employees. For instance, the people in the workforce who were born in the later years of the 20 th century are often associated with information technology advancement (Pitt-Catsouphes & Matz-Costa 2009). On the other hand, an ageing workforce is termed as a profound part of the problem of the generation gap in the global workforce. An understanding of the ageing or greying workforce is explained through the grouping of the prevailing workforce into two generations: generation X and generation Y (Dwyer 2009). The ageing workforce, which is often referred to as baby boomers, is placed in the generation X. This is a group of employees who have been in the workforce for a significa
The demand for slaves and the positive effect of this in the slaveholders’ profitability as well as the fact that both slaveholders and the slaves need one another to survive saw to it that the slavery market as economically viable, and would have continued to be so and the trade would be quite maintained if the Civil War did not stop it. The expansion of demographic nature during the period 1800 to 1860 was the rise of the Cotton Kingdom in the South. It is also the period which territorial expansion of the slave trade could be witnessed. 1 The Civil War had been tagged as the bloody and virtuous war that ended slavery and paved the path to freedom for the once shackled lives of the African-Americans in the antebellum south. 2 Is it war worth the fight since it freed the enslaved blacks from indefinite servitude as the white men properties and as high income for the slaveholders or is it a confrontation that is quite useless since the slavery market was in a decline and could mange the feat of diminishing itself? I argue for the former. This paper of course is not about the profitability of slave trade, but it could not be discounted as factor in the equation of analyzing if slavery was economically viable by 1860. In my argument that trade slavery was economically viable, profitability is especially associated with the worldwide demand for such ‘positive’ good. High pr
Introduction Ageing in the population is constituted by the movement of the population of a country towards advanced ages. Ageing results from two closely related demographic occurrences: Declining fertility and a rise in the life expectancy of the population. When the fertility rate declines, the number of the young people declines while that of the old people increases, (Jill C., 2000). On the other hand, a raise in life expectancy increases the years that every person is old in relation to the years that the person is young. The increasing population of people aged over 65 years is expected to have effects on the social policies. The effects of ageing population on social policies The ageing population has considerable effects on the economy in the sense that older people have more accumulated savings compared to the young people though they may spend less of their savings on consumer goods, (Mark R. et. al.2000). This population may hence cause lower rates of interest resulting to the economic advantage of lower inflation. The increase in the ageing population however increases some expenditure like healthcare and education. The cost of health care rises as this population increases. The government is left with hard choices on reducing its expenditure by either increasing taxes or reducing its role in the provision of health care to its citizens, (United Nations Development Program, 2005). The expenditure of the government in education reduces with an increase in the ageing population. This is especially so because there would be a high demand for workforce in the labor market so fewer young people would prefer to join tertially institutions, (Weil, David N., 1997). There are resulting problems in social systems with an increase in the ageing population. It becomes quite difficult to sustain such a system with a very large number of the aged people, (United Nations, 2004). The pension benefit systems are having problems with sustainability as a result of increased longevity. The addition of the pension period was not matched with an extension in the period of active labor or even an increase in the contributions of pension, (Gavrilov L., Heuveline P., 2005). This has resulted to a decline in the replacement ratios. Recently, many countries have had to adopt policies that will enable them to make stronger, the fiscal sustainability of their pension systems. Despite these efforts, the challenges of adequacy in pensions still remain an issue of concern. Conclusion There has been a general decline in the fertility rate in the past century that has resulted to an increasing population of the people aged above sixty five years in the most developed nations of the world today. Since most of these nations have been under going faster transitions in fertility, they will have a higher rate of population ageing than the countries that are currently developing. This then implies that they will have to adjust their social policies in order to cope with this population as well as the effects of having a high number of people aged above sixty five years.
God the Son in the Holy Scripture The Nicene question is associated with Arius who was commissioned to deal with the interpretation of the Holy Scripture and provided the largest heresy in the history of Christianity, on the one hand, while promoted the formation of patristics, on the other hand. The independent and original interpretation of the fundamental Christian formula of the Trinity based on his deep knowledge of dialectics, Aristotelian logic, and the Holy Scripture combined with his personal charm and oratory ensured the popularity of the new doctrine. The controversy revolved around the following question: what position in the heavenly hierarchy should Jesus Christ occupy as the further fate of Christianity as a religion depended on the solution of this question. According to Church Fathers who stood at the origins of orthodoxy, the founder of Christianity could not be either a person or a secondary deity. The followers of Arius, avoiding the hidden tritheism, tried to preserve the unity of the deity by completely separating these entities, subordinating them to each other and counting God in the absolute sense of one God the Father (Mueller 127). The struggle against Arianism is central to the history of Christianity in the era of the first ecumenical councils. Council of Nicaea Emperor Constantius convened the Council of Nicaea in AD 325 in order to establish the divine nature of Christ by means of voting and thereby strengthening the foundations of the imperial power (Mueller 127). Approximately 300 bishops from different countries gathered for the first time in the history of Christianity to identify the formula of worship, in which the divinity of the Son called the consubstantial Father was proclaimed. After that, the anathematizing of Arianism was omitted, and the third part of the formula was enlarged, in which the deity of the Holy Spirit was proclaimed as well as His equality to the Father and the Son. According to the Creed, God the Father is the creator of all things, both visible and invisible, God the Son is born from God the Father, and God the Holy Spirit comes from God the Father eternally. Alexandria Cathedral gathered in AD 362 summed up the preceding work of theological reflection on the disclosure of the doctrine of the Trinity, deciding or seriously affecting the key issues put forward by that time and making a strong impact on the subsequent events in the development of Church’s teaching. Emperor Constantius gave Church the formula to reconcile faith. However, the Arian dispute and the Nicene definition and formula, which were associated solely with the Eastern dispute, later became an event of the whole Church. The change in government created opportunities for the exiles, including those of Athanasius of Alexandria, to return to their departments, and peace prevailed in Church until there was an internecine war. Less than a year after Constantius’ death, the Council convened by Athanasius stated that even though some wanted to reflect on the account of the faith of the Council of Nicaea, the holy Cathedral was indignant on this occasion (Helfrich 146). It was to
What is this text about? What is the main issue or problem raised in this text? The author discusses the deterioration of work ethics among young employees. This article is aimed at showing that many young people dismiss the ideas of hard work and responsibility (“A New Work Ethic?”, 2013, p. 179). They try to find shortcuts that can help them avoid making any effort. Moreover, many of them believe that success can be achieved with the help of deceit or fraud. How does the author address the problem? The author does not suggest any ways of addressing this problem. What is the main conclusion of this text? What recommendations (if any) are offered? There is a fundamental change in the attitudes and perceptions of many young people. In particular, they do not believe that it is possible to derive any satisfaction from work. Additionally, this attitude adversely affects their workplace behaviour. Yet, the writer does not offer any recommendations. Overall, this problem can be partly addressed with the help of better recruitment methods and incentives that can be given to workers. What are the strengths (if any) of the argument(s) presented in this text? What are its weaknesses (if any)? Briefly state the reasons behind your evaluation. The author’s arguments have several limitations. First, they are based on the study of only one organization. Moreover, the writer relies on the observation of other people’s behaviour, and this research technique is often unreliable. Certainly, the author mentions various attitude surveys. Yet, the readers do not know what kind of companies were examined. So, the main limitation is that the author does not describe data collection procedures. How has this text contributed to your understanding of business ethics? State up to the three most important things you have learnt after reading this text. This text has demonstrated to me that many young people may perceive their jobs as something boring, monotonous and unrewarding. Secondly, they may perceive theft or other crimes as something acceptable. Finally, they do not recognize the value of responsibility and initiative. Reference List A New Work Ethic? (2013). In W. Shaw (Ed.), Moral Issues in Business (pp. 179-180). New York, NY: Cengage Learning.
The connection between ideology, reason, knowledge, and language is discussed by many researchers because of the necessity to look at the role of relations between knowledge and language as the specific social power. These relations are discussed by Gary Peller within the social context, and the author states that knowledge, truth, objectivity, and reason can be considered as the victory in relation to the specific way of representing the world because people discuss these aspects as the truth without any interpretation. This approach means the power of the tools used to represent the world as the absolute truth. To understand that this absence of interpretation is the result of using ideological tools and language and that culture and politics are closely connected with language and knowledge, it is necessary to refer to the works by Louis Althusser, Robert Ardrey, Kenneth Burke, Jeanne Gunner, and Doug Sweet. Focusing on Peller’s idea, it is possible to note that people refer to truth, knowledge, and reason without interpretation because of the cultural and ideological impacts. Thus, Althusser pays much attention to the role of ideologies for forming the opinion or possible interpretation, and he states that the school, church, and army can teach ‘know-how’, “but in forms which ensure subjection to the ruling ideology or the mastery of its ‘practice’” (Althusser par. 23). To add more vividness to the stated idea, Althusser continues that “Schools and Churches use suitable methods of punishment, expulsion, selection, etc., to ‘discipline’ not only their shepherds, but also their flocks” (Althusser par. 38). Focusing on Althusser’s statements, it is possible to state that knowledge and objectivity mentioned by Peller are only the perceptions formed with references to the ruling ideology, and this is the victory of the approach because people become forced to perceive the reality ‘objectively’. The victory of the particular way to see the world associated with the notions of truth, knowledge, and reason depends on the large cultural and ideological lens, as it is stated by Gunner and Sweet. The success of such perceptions is based on the simple idea proclaimed by the authors that “the language we use shapes the stories we tell” (Gunner and Sweet 165). In the next sentences, Gunner and Sweet provide the explanation to their simple and effective idea while stating that the process is ideological, and “by using language, we are automatically applying a particular lens that tells us how to see events, how to understand and judge them. Our view of our lives and the world at large is thu
Introduction Management of an organization refers to a wide range of activities which are directed at an organization’s resources (Griffin 3). It requires diverse technical skills, excellent communication and interpersonal skills, and time management especially if the organization is rapidly increasing in size. W L Gore is an organization that specializes in industrial processes that produce electronic products, medical products, and other industrial products. Management of these activities ranges from extensive planning to adoption of an effective organization structure. Purpose of the report The purpose of the report was to analyze different types of organizational structures that are applicable in various types of organizations in order to establish the most effective form of organization structure to be adopted by W L Gore after the merger. Objectives   * To explain varying types of relationships within organizations   * To outline authority and responsibility in line relationships   * To analyze the organization structure currently adopted by W L Gore   * To establish a more effective alternative structure to be adopted after the merger   * To explain the effectiveness of alternative approach using contingency approach Procedures Data was collected from the company’s website which provided information regarding the scope of the company and an interview with an associate from a plant based in UK which revealed considerable amount of information regarding the company’s internal operations. Data was also gathered from other published materials. Findings Relationships within Organizations Line relationship exists when authority flows directly from the boss to the staff in an organization (Untitled article, p 145) In line relationships, authority flows from the manager in line of command down to the surbodinates. At W L Gore, team leadership emerge from various situational needs such as technical leadership or business leadership. However, W L Gore has over the years avoided line relationships in preference of teamwork which promotes innovation, personal initiative and constructive interaction between the associates. Line relationships within W.L. Gore & Associates would speed up the decision making process but leaders would be over burdened with numerous responsibilities which would limit their efficiency (Dale 28). It would take the form as attached in appendices 1. Appendices 1 represent a model organization which incorporates line relationships. Staff relationships describe the relationship between assistants of senior staff and other staff members (Untitled article, p 146). These assistants lack direct authority but act as representatives of their seniors. At W L Gore, New associates in the company are assigned to sponsors who assist them to adjust to the company’s operations. These sponsors motivate new associates
Introduction Skill shortage is a pressing issue for the United States (US) manufacturing sector. ManpowerGroup (2020) notes that “talent shortages in the U.S. have more than tripled in a decade” (para. 1). At the same time, industries that require fewer skills continue to be outsourced to other countries such as China and Mexico (AP Archive, 2017). The need for a skilled workforce in business actors and a large number of unemployed workers lacking the necessary modern manufacturing skills have prompted many companies to develop training programs to fill the skill shortage. The question that arises is whether the measures taken are effective. Skill Shortage Will Remain The truth is that training does not reduce talent shortage; even companies themselves are aware of this. According to Gaskell (2021), “firms seem unable or unwilling to invest more than they currently are in training their workforce” (para. 20). It is primarily due to significant financial costs associated with the development, implementation, and maintenance of the training program. Moreover, it was found that businesses prefer to recruit new employees because they already have the necessary skills (Gaskell, 2021). Simply put, they exchange work experience for specialized skills. However, the patterns mentioned above are characteristic of the European industrial sector. The Paradigm Issue of Training Programs The state of affairs in the USA is not much better. New high-tech and automated production facilities have significantly increased the number of jobs, but not the number of employable laborers (AP Archive, 2017). It is probably due to the current international paradigm of the training program,
The specific role of the media in today’s society is frequently discussed, but one thing everyone agrees on is the idea that community-wide access to accurate information is essential to the health and welfare of a democratic society. Media outlets such as radio, internet, television, and newspapers all provide citizens with the information they use to make decisions regarding who they wish to vote for and which issues they wish to support. The media thus acts as a kind of the fourth branch of government because it contributes to the natural checks and balances of our society. The media, through such vehicles as CNN and other network channels, acts as the link between people’s personal lives experienced daily to the larger events that occur outside of what they encounter in their everyday routine. Media outlets such as CNN report on current events but also reflect social values in the choices made regarding what stories to cover as well as the tone of voice and styles used to convey the relevant information. An examination of four stories reported at CNN.com regarding the current recession reveals that it isn’t just the content of the story but the tone and style of the article that conveys an impression of impartiality even though it is subtly supportive and optimistic. This is perhaps most apparent in a very recent article entitled “He’s laid off, you’re not – so now what?” by John DeVore (2009). This article is located in the Money and Main Street Living section and discusses a growing trend in American society in which men, the majority of individuals laid off in the current recession, are reverting into one of two major stereotypes. According to the author, they are either reverting to a version of the angry and confused frat boy or they are turning themselves into a caricature of the 1950s housewife. Rather than backing up his claims with any kind of outside sources, though, the author simply instructs the presumably female reader on what she should expect and how she should react to best support her man. The information is delivered with an understanding, slightly humorous style that suggests sympathetic confidence. This can be heard in numerous places throughout the article such as when the author says, “Here’s what you can expect if your man is enjoying the distinctly humiliating process of collecting unemployment” (DeVore, 2009). Here the author is sarcastic regarding the economy, sympathetic toward the man who’s lost his position, and conspiratorial with the woman who is reading his article. While the author seems to know what he’s talking about and appears