ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Literature on the reasons for cross listing, its benefits of and the costs implications Cross listing of shares is a business expansion and resource mobilization strategy that helps institutions to expand their capital base. The strategy is considered appropriate for companies that seek to advance their network or gain competiveness. Poitras (2012, p, 199) defined cross-listing of shares as the process of listing equity holdings in different stock markets by firms with an aim of raising more capital for growth. It occurs when a firm sells its shares or equity holdings in diverse domestic and international money markets. That is when a firm lists its equity shares in more than one internal or international security market. Poitras further stated that cross-listing takes place through a structured process in most markets globally. It is guided under well set policies and trading guidelines that are economically relevant. The policies and guidelines ensure that potential investors are able to achieve higher returns as they expect. This has enabled corporations that started their operations as small in-house ventures in medium sized markets to advance into larger markets. Based on various empirical studies, cross listing has enabled listed companies to record higher performance levels. They have also been able to have higher growth opportunities and strengthen their capital capacity as compared to unlisted corporations. Similarly, listed companies are able to acquire higher premiums and return on investment that facilitates their growth in terms of capital stability as compared to unlisted corporations (Boyd & Cohen, 2000, p, 44). The studies also indicate that cross-listing is essential especially in the current business environment that requires effective capital mobilization strategies since it impacts positively on an institutions equity value. Cross-listing is being done for diverse reasons that are economically and socially pertinent. Firstly, firms engage in cross-listing of their shares as a strategy to enable them benefit from the lower cost of capital that is realized when a firm becomes accessible to international investors (Holt, 2008, p, 6). This is evident since when shares become accessible to international investors, the cost of sustaining trading at the stock market reduces. It reduces because of high demand that makes the floated shares to be purchased as fast as possible and with the highest bidder. Indeed, the higher the accessibility of shares, the
Abstract This paper examines depression amongst the old adult population in the world with specific references to the United States of America. It gives a background on what depression is and discusses situation under which it develops in older adult population. Besides, it examines depression in older adult population in relation to such factors as gender where females are found to be more prone to depression than their male counterparts, it also considers sexual orientations in which it discusses how lesbians and gays are more likely to have stress than heterosexuals and it finally compares how race and culture play a role in depression amongst the elderly in society. With respect to homosexuality, the paper examines the various ways through which older adult population get discriminated by the members of the society who are anti-homosexuality and institutions that do not recognize both lesbianism and gay as a form of lifestyle that should be accepted as in existence. Introduction Depression is a condition that mostly affects the cognition of a human being. It means different thing to different people; it can be symptomatic as when an individual says he or she is feeling depressed, it also be a sign as when someone observes that another person is depressed or at the same time it can be a disorder that is clinically diagnosed. When a clinical diagnosis of depression is done, it implies a disorder which has a significant length of time and having particularly observable signs and symptoms, that significantly interferes with an individual’s functioning or that causes great personal distress or both (Jefferson 10). But one may ask “What are the causes of depression?” depression has varied causes amongst the whole of the human race regardless of age or gender. It is almost always caused by a combination of factors. Such factors are inheritance or genetic predisposition, developmental factors such as early loss of parents, cognitive factors such as intense grief reaction and stress such as coping with unemployment and or physical illnesses; these two combine to result into a common pathway for inducement of depression. Research has indicated that each individual has a pattern of genetic, developmental, environmental, social, personality and physiological factors that coalesce to permit or protect against depression at any point in time. The understanding and modification of the contributions of these factors is the ultimate goal of the clinicians who engage in the treatment of depression. This paper examines depressions in older adults. It will deal with how depression occurs in older adult population; besides, it will also discuss the main causes of depression in older adulthood and how it affects them (Jefferson 10). Depression in Older Adults Depression is the most common mental disorder found amongst older adults in the parts of the world, but it should not be seen as part of the aging process; in fact a good number of older adults . It is one of the most disabling conditions among the older adult population. In the United States alone it is approximated that
Advertising Text for A Week for Life Want to know everything about HIV and AIDS and how to avoid it? A Week for Life is a place for everyone concerned and interested. Here professionals educate you about these topics and how to properly educate your family, relatives, and friends to protect their health. Introduction HIV, AIDS, and reproductive health are topics of concern for many people, especially young adults. Many of them are unaware of or have little knowledge of the risk behavior that could lead to HIV and AIDS infection. A Week for Life is a place where anyone interested can learn all about the topics mentioned above and take part in organizing and improving educational events. Members of the organization appreciate the dedication and skills of all who decide to get involved. This article is an invitation for all representatives of the U-M to get involved in ongoing events held as part of A Week for Life to become knowledgeable and informed about HIV and AIDS and ways of reducing harmful practices leading to these diseases. What A Week for Life Offers to U-M Community Goals of A Week for Life The goals pursued by A Week for Life and to which its members dedicated themselves are in many ways similar to those followed by U-M students in particular and the U-M community in general. There are several key objectives of the organization. One of them is to promote the appreciation of life in U-M students through various activities and events on topics such as: what is high-risk behavior, how to reduce it by positive decision-making, and how to influence their surroundings to do the same. A Week for Life also aims to educate and raise awareness in the U-M community on these topics: HIV, AIDS, and reproductive health. Many people are still unaware of what high-risk behavior is and that HIV, AIDS can be transmitted in several ways. Joining A Week for Life is a unique opportunity to gain the necessary knowledge about all aspects of reproductive health and related issues. Values of A Week for Life Now that people reading this article are interested in getting themselves involved in A Week for Life, they may be concerned about whether the organization is welcoming to their cultural background and is compatible with their values. It is safe to say that A Week for Life and its member’s respect and value persons of all races, sexual orientation, and gender identity, political and religious affiliation. It is officially stated in the organization’s constitution that discrimination against people on these bases is impermissible. Other core values of A Week for Life ​​are human life and safety, human health, the well-being of people studying and w
The outcomes that result from a “place of connection” Student-teacher communication is a crucial component of a successful teaching process. Therefore, strategies for enhancing the bond between a learner and an educator must be sought. According to Gillespie (2005), the specified notion is used to determine the opportunity that arises as a result of a bond between a teacher and a student. Thus. The latter will be exposed to the threat of dropping out to a lesser degree. Caring and reciprocal relationships between teachers and students Caring and reciprocity should be seen as one of the cornerstones of successful learning. While providing a student with relevant knowledge and assisting them in training their skills is also important, an emotional link between a learner and a teacher is crucial. Among the key benefits of these relationships, greater levels of motivation and engagement among learners should be mentioned (Aultman, Williams-Johnson, & Schutz, 2009). However, the identified approach may also lead to side effects such as students’ dependency on a teacher as a leader. An equitable teacher-student relationship Collaboration between a teacher and a student allows for improving the quality of education. However, cooperation should not be treated as a synonym to equality. Unlike the latter, which disrupts student-teacher relationships, equity implies partnership based on justice and mutual respect (Paterson, 1998). As a learner, I believe that I have experienced this kind of relationship several times when teachers set boundaries yet showed that they respected the students’ individuality. Connecting with Students While Maintaining Ethical Boundaries Maintaining academic integrity and keeping teacher-student relationships within ethical bounds may turn out to be a challenging task. Personally, I have witnessed the situations in which teachers used students to express their negative emotions that were unrelated to the situation. The specified phenomenon is defined as overstepping emotional boundaries (“ Connecting with students while maintaining ethical boundaries ,” 2014). Although the negative effects of the identified problem are not as evident as the ones of crossing a physical boundary, they also leave negative effects. My Academic and Professional Goals in the Context of the Graduate Program To attain success in the realm of nursing, one must pay special attention to getting the priorities straight and setting key goals. Because of the need to embrace a vast amount of information and develop the ability of lifelong learning, one must explore the chosen area of study diligently (Timmins & Kaliszer, 2002). In the framework of the graduate program, I am willing to expand my knowledge further and acquire practical skills. With the eight-year experience of VGH hospital senior care, I want to attain the specified goal by collaborating actively with other experts. While I am going to focus on the field that I have selected, it will also be crucial to experience multidisciplinary collaboration as a future Masters of Nursing UBC graduate. Since working in a real-life setting rarely involves independent efforts and primari
Introduction When it comes to studying the brain what must be understood is that though science has enabled us to study what parts of the brain are used for a particular action it is still relatively unknown how they function and the origins of the interconnections that are responsible for the rapid fire and almost instantaneous movements that people take for granted today (Armstrong, 2006). For example, there mere act of typing on a keyboard involves the use of the action skill required for hand-eye coordination, the retrieval mechanisms responsible for coordinating what one needs to remember regarding the placement of the hands of the keyboard and finally the coordination of several systems involving working memory and long term memory in order to create the phenomenon known as thought which is responsible for the formation of the concepts and ideas that go into any written work (Armstrong, 2006). It is due to this that numerous fields of study have come about specifically to answer such questions yet this creates a second challenge; namely the fact that each particular field of academic research (i.e. psychology, neurobiology, etc.) has their own leading and contending theories which all have various plausible arguments and counterarguments that attempt to explain how the brain works resulting in confusing state of affairs where researchers and students alike have had to shift through the sheer amount of theoretical underpinnings regarding the brain in order to find some semblance of what they believe is the most plausible explanation as to how the brain works (Nathan et al., 2011). Which is the Biggest Obstacle? As technology improves it can be expected that our understanding regarding the inner workings of the brain will improve as well. It is based on this that the greatest challenge posed for understanding the inner workings of the brain is not the limits imposed by present day technology (since it will improve over time) but rather the sheer amount of theoretical underpinnings in various academic fields that through one method or another attempt to highlight their processes as being the best way in understanding the intricacies found within the human brain (Pham et al., 2009). As a student, wading through the sheer amount of literature and theory on the subject of the human brain has not been easy, I can only imagine the problems experienced by researchers and in fact it comes as no surprise that even more theoretical foundation
Introduction Secularization is a historical process through which individuals fail to recognize the significance of religion values in their social, cultural and political settings. It threatens to erode the noble human values that shape political and social activities in various societies. That is it is a systematic process through which religion has been losing its social and political importance. This is evident in most nations such as US where religion is not regarded as a fundamental factor that influence the development of political parties and their operations. As noted by scholars, secularism has been in the increasing end due to the evident changes in various aspect of engagement. The changes have made most individuals to focus on monetary issues and engagement in activities that please them with disregard to religious ideals. They tend to conform to the worldly lifestyle by doing what enable them to achieve their immediate needs, but fail to focus on what is necessary for their holistic development. Indeed, religion that equips individuals with pertinent human values has been losing its absolute authority in most settings. This trend is causing immense fear with scholars asserting that it would facilitate mistrust, unfaithfulness and lack of cohesion. This would compromise social, economic and political integration that is significant for meaningful development. Secularization, effects and relationship with religion As indicated, secularization is a systematic process through which religion has been losing its imperativeness socially and culturally. It also describes how the world is continuously deviating from recognizing the noble ideals of religion that have been instrumental in shaping individuals lifestyle (Welcker 2). In US, religion and politics are regarded as distinct entities by some individuals. They assert that religion has no bearing on political activities and does not influence operations of political parties. They state that effective leadership is not dependent on religious ideals but on an individuals skills and competence. They seek to quell the notion that best leaders are the ones with strong religion background. This explains why individuals with secular beliefs ass
The following project is devoted to the description of such an alternative source of energy as ethanol. Being rather cheap and efficient, it can become the best solution to the problem of energy security. That is why the given project analyses ethanols structure and the ways of its producing. Moreover, attention is also given to the long-termed perspectives of its usage. The work also provides information connected with the cost of this fuel and its influence on the economy of different countries. At the end of the project, conclusions are made. There is no use denying the fact that nowadays, humanity faces a difficult choice. The thing is that traditional sources of energy are exhaustible, and nowadays, people are starting to understand that it is a serious problem. There is a great number of different pessimistic predictions which states that in several decades, humanity will destroy all oil reserves, and it will lead to the collapse of the industry. The terms are different, though, it is obvious that modern tempos of oil extraction and demand for oil will lead to some serious problems in the future ( Ethanol Facts: Environment n.d.). With this in mind, the problem of some alternative sources of energy obtains great significance. Humanity recognizes the need for this source. That is why a great number of different variants are suggested, however, it is possible to concentrate on the one which seems to be the most efficient one. Taking all these facts into account, it is possible to say that the following project is devoted to the investigation of ethanol as an alternative kind of source. It is obvious that ethanol is chosen, not accidentally. Nowadays, it is considered to be one of the most promising alternative sources of energy. There are several reasons for this statement. First of all, it is connected with the easiness of its production (West, n.d). Ethanol is the product of the fermentation of plants, and that is why it can be called a renewable source. Additionally, its manufacturing does not suppose some risks or complicated procedures. That is why ethanol can be taken as a good alternative to some other sources, which are efficient though expensive. With this in mind, the given project tends to analyze the main peculiarities of ethanol. First of all, the attention is given to its structure and the ways of its creation. However, the work also includes some data and diagrams, which can show further perspectives on the use of this kind of fuel and the benefits of its long term exploitation. Additionally, the great importance of this kind of fuel for engineering is also analyzed. There is no use denying the fact that blistering development of industry, peculiar to our age, needs great number of different energy sources. Additionally, engineers can also improve traditiona
Transactional cost theory is one of the many tools used in marketing and management that affects the make versus buy decision-making. It involves calculating the costs of outsourcing the production of services and products to third parties versus creating them domestically (Vaxevanou & Konstantopoulos, 2015). The costs involved include transaction costs, contracting costs, coordination efforts, and searching for new suppliers, among other equally valid concerns (Brim, 2017). Because of its universal applicability to a variety of scenarios including economics, it is frequently used to inform corporate and governing policies through empirical studies. The purpose of this paper is to provide examples of the application of the theory by analyzing academic articles found on the web. Transactional Cost Theory: Empirical Evidence Transactional cost analysis is frequently implemented in the selection of outside marketing channels. The article by Suhaimi, Aisyah, de Mey, and Oude Lansink (2017) utilizes empirical data to determine the most effective marketing channels available to the farmers in Malaysia. The multivariate analysis utilized several variables, such as price selection, delay of payment, trust in the buyer, price fluctuations and expectations, as well as the provision of farm services. An article by Zachary (2017) investigates the use of transactional cost theory to improve accounting practices. According to his findings, indirect cost measurements are usually underused by the majority of cost accountants at the department or service levels. Empirical data can be used to inform these practices, and the major parameters could be extracted from the transactional cost theory (TCT). Zhang, Ma, and Qu (2017) analyze hotel outsourcing decisions concerning transactional cost and resource-based theories. The primary variables for their empirical research involved provider performance, communication, and cost reduction. The study concluded that hotels in China should outsource suppliers based on cost-efficiency, specialization, and long-term commitments. Loch and Gregg (2018) applied transaction cost theory in their study of managing the salinity of the Murray-Darling Basin. Salinity management programs have plenty of costs associated with the delegation of various tasks to subcontractors. The primary variables associated with costs included cultural flow assessments, erosion and flora monitoring, and safety reviews. The article found that the management program applied at the site managed to drive down associated costs over time. The article by Gorovaia and Windsperger (2018) applied a transactional cost theory analysis to the choices of contract durations in fr