ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The principles of proper nutrition are the rules that should be laid down from the first days of a child’s life. Breastfeeding, as the first stage, is an integral part of the infant’s development and the acquisition of initial immunity. Subsequently, at each age stage, new eating patterns are acquired. However, breastfeeding is a crucial phase in the life of every child. This stage of nutrition is important because breast milk contains numerous micronutrients. Avoiding breastfeeding may be due to medication indications. Nevertheless, in case an infant is healthy, breast milk should be part of their diet during the first months of life. Some recommendations regarding proper nutrition, both at an early stage and later in life, should be taken into account. Causes of the importance of breastfeeding:   * Most pediatricians and immunologists confirm its value.   * This nutrition forms the basic immunity in the child.   * The necessary set of nutrients and important vitamins.   * The best way to avoid childhood malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies (Scherbaum & Srour, 2016). Consequences of ignoring breastfeeding:   * Parents leave the infant without important health support at the beginning of life.   * The infant does not get the necessary set of micronutrients. NOTE: Breastfeeding is the initial step in shaping healthy lifestyle. The list of recommendations about the basic principles of feeding children at each of the developmental stages (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021):                                          * Up to six months, breast milk should be the main food of infants.                                                                              Infants (0-12 months).                   * After six months, mother can combine breastfeeding with solid foods.                                                                                                                    * Additional nutrients essential for growth – iron and zinc (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021).                                                                                       * Avoiding fatty foods and those containing artificial sugars.                                                                                                                            * Spurts of growth – the different appetites for different months.                                                                                                                        * Calcium and fiber are essential components of the toddlers’ diet.                                                                              Toddlers (12 months-36 months).          * Examples of proper nutrition: fruits, vegetables, legumes, and other healthy foods.                                                                                                     * Many carbohydrates should be avoided.
Brazil Brazil is the telecommunication hub of Latin America. It boasts of the biggest and sophisticated telecommunication industry the region. The National Telecommunication Agency is the industry’s regulatory body. It seeks to ensure that the players enjoy protection from unhealthy competition while at the same time ensuring high regard for consumer interests. The industry comprises of firms that provide fixed line telephone services, mobile phone services as well as internet and cable television services (Leandro, 24). The liberal and competitive environment, has not only favored local investment in the industry in the country, but has also attracted foreigners, as well. Some of the foreigners have made partnerships with local firms. The biggest players in the industry include the Telefonica Group, America Moville/ Telmex Group and the Oil (Telemar) . These companies have subsidiaries that provide the different services to the industry at various levels with respect to geographical variation and income levels of the people. The nature of competition is thus based on the regions of operation and the target market for the various investors. Investment opportunities are, however, more promising in the wireless sector of the industry because of the vast growth that continues to be experienced in it. The potential is not effectively tapped, explaining the low-penetration levels by the industry players currently in the market (Millar, 34). Russia In Russia, the telecommunication industry is vey advanced and different from that of Brazil. For instance, it is regulated through the Federal Law on communication. The fixed line sector is highly developed, and is based on a highly networked fiber optic cable that is spread out throughout the country. The industry was for a long time state controlled, and thus private companies’ investment was not possible. However, the liberalization programs of the 1990s paved way for players in the other fields of telecommunication- mobile phone service providers and internet service provision to hit the market. The result was aggressive coverage that explains why the country is currently among the highest ranked markets for mobile telephone operators (Litecky et al.
Purpose of the Study The incarceration of juveniles is a temporal measure. After a certain period of time, juveniles return back to the community. At least some of them are released with important issues unaddressed, making the process of reentry more difficult for them and the community. If no specific measures are taken, juveniles may pose a threat to the security of the community. Without supervision and assistance, chances of recidivism are high, and reoffending may occur. Juvenile aftercare or reentry programs were created to address the specific needs of juveniles and assist them during the reintegration process. Such programs are measures of community restraint which provide an opportunity to change juveniles’ behavior and reduce prison populations. It is important to assess the effectiveness of aftercare programs to understand which programs are the most effective and use the same strategies when assisting other juveniles. This paper seeks to address the issue of juvenile reintegration and the effectiveness of various reentry programs on changing juveniles’ behavior. The issue of juvenile reentry is an acute one due to the fact that in spite of the decline in juvenile crimes, the number of juveniles incarcerated is on the rise (Bouffard & Bergseth, 2008, p. 295). The research in the field of programs for juvenile reintegration has also been limited, especially the studies of the programs’ outcomes. The researcher conducts a comprehensive literature review to examine the impact of aftercare programs. Research Question Correctional facilities, supervision agencies and service providers can benefit from using and applying scientific evidence on best practices in the field of juvenile aftercare programs for the purpose of improving reentry outcomes. As such, for this qualitative study the researcher gathers and evaluates the evidence on the impact of various juvenile aftercare programs to answer the following questions:  1. What impact do aftercare programs have?  2. What elements of aftercare programs provide the strongest evidence for their implementation?  3. What information does the evidence provide on issues and barriers to the successful implementation of juvenile aftercare programs? Definition of Terms The research is conducted on the subject of juvenile justice system. There are various definitions of “juvenile” under state laws, however, for the purposes of this paper, “juvenile” is defined as an offender under the age of 18. Juvenile justice system is a system of justice which deals with the processing
Introduction Management of organizations has become more focused on corporate social responsibility due to the effects the change in the environment has on the performance of the organizations (Kotler & Lee, 2005). Organizations have to find ways to conserve the environment. Their activities should take into consideration the impact on the environment. Conservation of the environment has become a strategic focus for most organizations. This is because it enhances the sustainability of the business and also enhances the corporate image of the organization. Different policies could be adopted to reduce the number of emissions from a local plant. Policies Recommended One policy I would use to reduce the number of emissions from a local power plant is to change the power used in the plant (Hussein, 2004). Some sources of energy contribute to pollution than others. For instance, the use of petrol as a source of power produces more emissions than the use of electricity. I would therefore make use of electricity or any other renewable source of energy that is more environmentally friendly. This could ensure efficiency in the power plant besides eliminating or reducing emissions into the environment. Most power plants make use of coal which produces more emissions than solar energy or wind energy. Adoption of this policy could be quite expensive to the power plant but I would recommend that it be implemented in several phases (Morgeinstern & Portney, 2004). Another policy I would adopt is to recycle waste products from the power plant. I would seek to ensure that all the by-products from the power plant are put into productive use. There are a lot of waste products that are emitted into the environment and they become pollutants. They could be recycled and put to better use. This would have the advantage of reducing the number of emissions into the environment and at the same time enhancing the profitability of the organization. The waste products can be made to be of economic value through recycling. For instance, plastic papers used to wrap some of the purchases for the power plant could be melted and made into plastic materials such as buckets and toys (Biswas, 2007). Why the Policies Would Work I am convinced that the policies outlined above would work for various reasons. One of the reasons is that the policies are realistic and they have been tried elsewhere and they have worked. It is not the first time for organizations to consider adopting renewable and environmental sources of energy and also consider recycling waste products. The two policies have been tried by other organizations to be economically and financially feasible. Another reason why the two policies would be effective in reducing the number of emissions is that they are more reliable than most other policies (Biswas 2007). I am convinced the polic
This essay will evaluate the similarities and dissimilarities between the concepts that were established in the essay ‘Memex Revisited’ by Vannevar Bush and the article ‘Personal Dynamic Media’ by Alan Kay and Adele Goldberg. In the essay ‘Memex Revisited’, the author has suggested a piece of personal computer equipment for individual custom rather than the huge workstations that were serving the entire organizations. Moreover, the author has proposed that it would assist a person’s day-to-day contemplations unswervingly; fitting in with the standard thought courses of a man, rather than simply perform errands and every day’s simple jobs for him. The author supposes the memex would manage the quantity of information that people inset into it; the memex is supposed to study from its own skill and to improve its own imprints (Bush, n.d.). The author claims that she will rely on the information that has already been retrieved in order to look ahead to the memex. Apparatuses of the present day divide into two pronounced disunions: firstly, there are those that enhance forces and senses of the person; and secondly, there are those that assist his thoughts. According to Vannevar Bush, the researchers do not require contending with the prior, even despite the fact that they have created our contemporary advancements along with all its welfares and its menaces possible for existence. The last are every now and then contained within the overall description of a thinking machine concept; however, this appears to be quite an ill-starred countenance, as they are not able to contemplate, they simply assist a person in doing so. They are of two kinds, analytical pieces of machinery, and data-handling pieces of machinery and these two kinds are united in a machine that possesses both analytical and data-handling capabilities from time to time. In the article ‘Personal Dynamic Media’ by Alan Kay and Adele Goldberg the authors presented the concept of a Dynabook, the first notebook computer that would be a general-purpose device that could have been used by very different kind of people. The authors imply that the Dynabook would possess the suppleness and generalization of the strictly personal tool, joined with implements that would possess the supremacy of the mass tools that are for general use (Kay & Golberg, 1977). The authors of the ‘Personal Dynamic Media’ had established the goals of the research, which
Introduction Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese company that was started by a man called Sakichi Toyoda in 1924. Toyota Foundation was established in the year 1974 after which the prefabricated housing business was begun in the year 1975. In the year 1988, Toyota Motor Manufacturing, USA, Inc. was established and began its production. The years that followed were characterized by the company undertaking massive expansion programs that enhanced its policy of globalization. In the year 2008, Toyota maximized its sales amounting to the 1 million mark. In the year 2010, Toyota hit the 2 million mark of its sold products (Toyota 2011). This report reviews how the company manages its operations, the culture, marketing strategies and financial practices. The success of Toyota is therefore a paradigm to many companies that intend to capitalize on matters of globalization. Trade Risk and Management Managing trade risk is an essential part of any business organization, whether it is dealing with local products or dealing with international products. Trade risk management has helped business organizations expand and remain in the market for a long period. This means that without trade risk management, it is difficult for a business to expand. The management of Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC), has ensured that it manages trade risks to enable it expand more and spread its roots in globalizing its operations. This is actually because trade risk management is an important aspect of globalization. Trade risk management predicts by indicating where or when the risk is lowest (Reuvid 2006). Thus, it helps TMC to have the opportunity of making more money. To summarize this, trade risk management is actually practiced by smart business organizations like TMC. It is not necessarily important for one to feel lucky, or for a business organization to fancy its chances of flying blind into the market. In fact, the business organization should actually feel the opposite. It is very important for the organization to conduct a serious market research and analysis before venturing into a business operation. TMC ensures that this research is conducted extensively through a considerable amount of time.
The story begins with the letters written by Robert Walton to his sister. Robert shares with the sister his childhood dream to explore new regions and gain scientific knowledge. To make this dream come true, he plans to take ships to Russia and make a voyage to the North Pole. During one of the days, the vessel is by accident stuck in the ice. Being trapped, Walton and his crew save the strange gigantic man whose name is Victor Frankenstein. In the first chapter, Victor shares his story with Walter. Victor was the son of a wealthy family from Geneva (Shelley 24). His mother, Caroline, has always dreamed of having a daughter. One day she finds a little girl who is appeared to be an orphan. Frankenstein’s family adopts a poor girl whose name is Elizabeth. Victor has close relationships with his sister and his school friend Henry. Studying at school, Victor is devoted to math exploration. Inspired by scientific research and medieval alchemist Cornelius Agrippa’s works, Victor discovers the way of life creation. The young man creates the repulsive creature, which escapes the laboratory because of Victor’s carelessness. After one year of fearful living, Victor returns to Geneva, discovering that his younger brother is killed. Later Victor finds out that his creation is responsible for his brother’s death. Justine confesses to the crime and is ready to be punished. After she is executed, Victor can not help but feel responsible for her suffering. The monster manages to learn how to read, talk and write thanks to the family he secretly lives with. He finds Victor and blames the creator for leaving his child alone and requires a woman to compensate for the cruel behavior. Work Cited Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Planet eBook, 1818. Planet eBook . Web.
Background History of the Yanomamo People The Yanomamo people are indigenous Americans of Indian origin residing in South America in the Amazon rain forest between Brazil and Venezuela. The remote characteristic of this region resulted into lack of interaction between the Yanomamo people with other communities until the beginning of the 20 th Century (Tahan 4). They are believed to be descendants of a group of Asians who came from Northern Asia to North America through the Bering Strait and Alaska about 2000 years ago. They then moved to South America through Central America and further south to the Amazon region (Tahan 12). Amazon region experiences rainy days during the April which continues until November. There is minimal rainfall during the dry seasons which occurs during the period ranging from December to March. Due to the extended rainy seasons, the forest is usually wet and humid (Tahan 9). The region has diverse types of plants which are the main source of fruits, nuts and oils for the natives. In addition, the region is known for its valuable trees such as mahogany and rosewood among others which are known for their medicinal value. The rainy forest is inhabited by thousands of animals such as parrots, turtles, monkeys, alligators and jaguars. Yanomamo population consists of approximately 24,000 people who are distributed between Venezuela and Brazil. Venezuela has the largest population of Yanomamo people which averages 15,000 compared to that of Brazil which is approximately 9,000 (Early& Peters 225). These people live in approximately 350 villages which are dispersed within the forest. They usually move from their settlement areas to look for fertile grounds after 3-4 years. Approximately 1,000 years ago, the Yanomamo people existed as a single group inhabiting the area around Orinoco and Parima rivers. Later, this group was divided into subgroups according to their different languages. These groups moved to other areas surrounding the two rivers (Early &Peters 226). Until the 20 th Century, the Yanomamo people had not been in contact with any other society except their neighboring tribes. Their first contact with the outside world occurred between from 1910 to 1940. By 1950s, Christian missionaries from North America started to arrive in many villages. Their main aim was to convert the natives into Christianity which was in vain. However, these missionaries managed to get closer to the natives thus the two groups established a strong relationship (Tahan 15). The arrival of gold-miners signaled the emergence of diseases and deaths among the natives particularly due to mercury poisoning. The Yanomamo people have been referred to as ‘the fierce people’ by th
Introduction Self-awareness is a powerful strength that guides people to achieve their goals, empower others, and address emerging challenges. The ability to leverage one’s strengths can maximize performance (Algahtani, 2014). The completed Kiersey Temperament has revealed that I exhibit a guardian leadership style. The approach indicates that I am humble, responsible, helpful, hardworking, and capable of delivering positive results. This discussion presents an ethical dilemma experienced in my working environment and how it was handled using an effective leadership technique. Conceptual Frameworks: Purpose of the Paper Leadership is a continuum that brings together different concepts and ideas in an attempt to influence others positively. An ethical leader will be informed by both moral and legal principles (Algahtani, 2014). This fact explains why legal, moral, and ethical leadership strategies work synergistically to influence positive behaviors. This conceptual framework explains why managers should be aware of the styles. Ethical dilemmas frequently occur in different organizations and working environments. Leaders should use their skills to deal with such challenges. Organizational managers should be aware of the constructs of moral, ethical, and legal standards to develop adequate models to address emerging problems (Aitamaa, Leino-Kilpi, & Suhonen, 2016). Dilemmas can be understood clearly if different standards are adopted. For instance, moral principles dictate the beliefs of individuals that define what ought to be wrong (or right). Ethics, on the other hand, is a guiding concept that directs human beings to act in a positive manner. Legal standards go further to portray the regulations instituted in a given firm or hospital to enhance desirable behaviors. These constructs deliver a powerful framework for dealing with institutional predicaments (Barkhordari, Ashktorab, & Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, 2017). The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to apply this conceptual framework to an ethical dilemma and address it using an effective leadership approach. Ethical Dilemma: Description The targeted ethical concern revolves around the issue of gender discrimination in the working environment. The concern occurred when a given female nurse in our team raised concerns that one of the male colleagues was molesting her. The male nurse had abused her verbally and even threatened to make her experience unbearable in the unit. The conducted interview revealed that the male nurse was unhappy with some of her female colleagues. He believed that they should be forced to take up more roles in the unit. His notion was that men were supposed to dominate and dictate the actions of their female counterparts. The affected nurse was unable to receive adequate support from the other members of the team. Every working environment characterized by discrimination will be unbearable (Algahtani, 2014). Resolving the Ethical Dilemma Organizational leaders can utilize moral, ethical, and legal concepts to deal with various problems. To begin with, legal leadership is a ruthless approach whereby followers should a