ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Becker, J., Brackbill, D., & Centola, D. (2017). Network dynamics of social influence in the wisdom of crowds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 114 (26), E5070-E5076. Interestingly, this study was conducted to comprehend and determine why people tend to make wise decisions while in groups rather than by themselves, hence terming the research “wisdom of crowds” (Galton, 1907). The authors apply the collective intelligence nature theories, which suggest that the group judgments accuracy requires the parties or people to be either diverse, with negatively correlated beliefs, or independent with uncorrelated thoughts. The authors refer to the previous experimental studies which support the view that social influences critically undermine crowds’ wisdom. The results exemplified that individuals’ estimates become correlated or more similar when the participants observed one another’s beliefs, hence reducing diversity without exponentially increasing the group accuracy (Lorenz et al., 2011). Contrary, the study focuses on showing the general network circumstances under which social or group influence advances the specific groups’ accuracy despite individual beliefs becoming similar. The authors present experimental results and theoretical predictions, which indicate that group evaluations become more correct in decentralized networks of communication due to information exchange. The research further demonstrates that the group dynamics accuracy is dependent on the network structure. The researchers discovered that in centralized networks, where central persons’ influence controls the joint estimation procedure, errors are probable to be profound in the subsequent group estimates. Santos, H. C., Huynh, A. C., & Grossmann, I. (2017). Wisdom in a complex world: A situated account of wise reasoning and its development. Social and Personality Psychology Compass , 11 (10), e12341. This study was conducted to understand how different social issues require individuals to engage in high levels of wisdom. The authors opine that social problems, including interpersonal conflicts, economic decisions, and partisan politics, critically involve trade-offs, hence requiring wise people to make appropriate decisions since wrong choices might lead to devastating consequences. It further mentions that social issues have complex answers, whereby wise reasoning can exuberate excellent outcomes. The researchers state that people must integrate intelligent sense, embracing a set of metacognitive approaches which guide them towards balancing different interests and managing complexity to make discernible decisions. The research reviews the recent study on astute reasoning, together with evidence apposite to wisdom’s state-specific and trait-like features, how it fluctuates athwart circumstances, and how an individual can exa
There are quite a number of similarities and differences between the political institutions of the United States, United Kingdom and France. It is vital to note that these political institutions are also part and parcel of the political systems that drive aspects of governance in these countries. While these countries seem to have borrowed a lot in their political systems, it is still apparent that the political institutions that have been put in place are run uniquely in each country. This essay compares and contrasts the political institutions of the US, UK and France. The paper also identifies the most fascinating political system among the three countries. To begin with, the US makes use of a written constitution. The latter is the supreme law of the land and no other piece of legislation can override it. In the case of the United Kingdom, acts of parliament are used as governing laws and as such, there is no constitutional document in place (O’Neil, 2009). France is also ruled by a constitution that was adopted from the Fifth Republic (Elgie, 2003). Unlike in the United Kingdom, both the US and France constitutional documents have been amended severally. The United States makes use of a presidential system of governance whereby a president is elected through a popular vote in a democratic system. In UK, the prime minister is elected into office through the house of the commons. He or she is the head of government. In France, the president is voted into office through universal suffrage. He is the head of both the executive and state. The prime minister is appointed by the president. The pri
Over the past years, the issue of drug abuse in the workplace, whether the issue concerns the employees or their families, has become quite significant in the global context. According to the statistics, almost 30% of the employees across the US experience substance abuse-related issues in their own lives or within their families, which considerably decreases the overall productivity rates (“Alcohol and Drugs in the Workplace). Hence, when speaking of the issue of business ethics, the dialogue on the matter should only be started when the behavioral patterns of an employee directly affect the workflow, avoiding any explicit accusations of drug abuse (Solomon, Martin, and Poatsy). Moreover, if the employee is an asset to the company and he or she claims their willingness to obtain treatment, the employer should consider the option of financial or social encouragement to enter the programs designed for people with similar issues.
Introduction The management of the City Hotel Limited seeks to evaluate various alternative options that are recommended with an aim of improving performance. The company has faced a drop in performance since its inception. This can be attributed to the competition and deterioration of the condition of the rooms. The options proposed by the management seek to increase the occupancy of the room and conditions of the room. Three options have been proposed by the management. The paper seeks to analyze the viability of these options. Various financial analysis tools and techniques for evaluating projects will be used (Powell & Baker 2005). Outline of options There are three options that are proposed by the management. These options are discussed below. Option 1 The first option seeks to reduce the price of hotel rooms, especially during weekends with an aim of increasing hotel occupancy. This option was arrived at after evaluating the impact of price reductions on occupancy levels. There will be no capital costs required for this option. Option 2 The second option seeks to carry out major refurbishment of the hotel. The aim of this refurbishment is to increase the competitiveness of City Hotel Limited in the market. It is estimated that each room will be refurbished at a cost of £5,000. The total cost of the entire hotel is estimated at £2,500,000. The management anticipates that the refurbishment will increase occupancy by 5%. Option 3 The third option is leasing out 100 hotel rooms to Yamamadori for a period of five years. The company will rent the entire top floor. However, Yamamadori will require adjustments to be made to the rooms. The adjustments are expected to cost $5,000 per room. Thus, the total capital expenditure per room will amount to £10,000. Further, Yamamadori requires a reduction in price per room since they will engage their own staff members to service to rooms. Option 4 The fourth option will combine both the option of refurbishing the entire hotel and renting out the entire floor of the hotel to Yamamadori. Therefore, it will combine the second and the third option. Yamamadori room price reduction recommendation The prices for Yamamadori should take into account both the prevailing market rates. This can be attributed to the fact that if the price offered doesn’t reflect the market rates, then the City Hotels Limited may lose the business to the competitors in the regions. Also, the management should take into account the costs of renovating the rooms. The price charged should be able to cover the total renovation cost of £10,000 that will spread over a period of five years. The cost is approximated at £30 per day. This comprises of the cost of renovation and depreciation, other fixed costs of running the hotel. Thus, the break-even point of each hotel room is £30. This is the point at which price charged for each room can cover both the fi
Introduction The DREAM Act is a bill giving legal status to certain undocumented immigrants brought to school as children in the United States. The bill has been submitted to Congress several times since 2001 but has never been passed (Johnson 214). Proposals of the Dream Act Both the 2021 Dream Act and the variants of the Dream Act contained in the larger bill called the 2021 Dream and Promise Act is now in front of Congress. Senators Dick Durbin and Lindsey Graham introduced the 2021 Dream Act in the Senate on February 4, 2021. In the previous two parliamentary sessions, the two senators provided the same law. Both laws will give Dreamers a way to citizenship. HR 6 also provides recipients of two humanitarian programs, Temporary Protection Status and Delayed Forced Departure, with a route to citizenship. Arguments in Support of the Dream Act First, the DREAM act provides a real path to citizenship for those who could not control their status. Parents, both officially and illegally, immigrate to the United States to provide better lives for their children. These young people often have little control over whether they come to the United States or what position they get. Second, it could put an end to the threatened deportation. The DREAM Act protects qualified individuals from deportation and allows them to focus on a better life. Arguments against the Dream Act To begin with, one of the cons of the DREAM Act is that the act reduces the interests of illegal immigrants. It reduces the importance of legal immigrants by giving them privileged status, even if they are brought here as children. Next, the act may stimulate illegal immigrants since the family may illegally immigrate to the United States if they believe that their young children may be given permanent status in the future. Changes in population influx can increase the number of illegal immigrants across national borders, making it difficult to secure communities and private property. Conclusion In conclusion, the DREAM act has both advantages and disadvantages concerning different sides, including immigrants, citizens, and US economics and policy. The act provides opportunities to obtain education for the immigrants and could stop the threatens regarding deportations. However, it has some drawbacks related to the possible increase in the number of illegal immigrants. Because it may have both positive and negative outcomes, the approval of the act is still in consideration. Work Cited Johnson, Adin. “The DREAM Act: Its Past and Future, Opposition, and the Media.” Social Justice & Equity Law Journal , vol. 2.1, 2018, pp. 216-247.
Current Impact The 2010 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report titled The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health outlines the critical aspects of professional practice that have to be addressed due to the challenging landscape of healthcare in the state. The four major messages address the extent of the practice, education, cooperation, and work-related planning as an integral part necessary to improve the nursing practice. Arguably, these four messages already affect the nursing workforce, and the following paragraphs will focus on reviewing these changes. The four messages presented in the report affect contemporary nursing practice by pointing out the need to trust a nurse’s expertise and experience. The American Nurses Association (ANA) (n.d.) states that the main focus of these professionals is on protecting, promoting, and optimizing healthcare practices, as well as diagnosing and treating individuals. This element is a significant change for nurses whose work was primarily connected to caring for the sick and alleviating suffering. Next, according to the Campaign for Action (2019), in 2010, only 1,282 people received a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree, while in 2019, the number is estimated at 32,327. The difference is significant, indicating that more individuals are advancing their education and skills. Also, the Campaign for Action (2019), states that in 2010, only 532 nurses obtained a Ph.D., while in 2019, over six thousand individuals graduated with this degree. These numbers indicate that key message #2 and being applied effectively by educators and policymakers since more nurses are choosing to continue their education. Key message #3 highlights the importance of promoting leadership among nurses to ensure proper partnership with other healthcare providers. The contemporary curriculums incorporate this element into the training programs, and much research is dedicated to nursing leadership. For instance, an article by Dyess, Sherman, Pratt, and Chiang-Hanisko (2016) explores the attitudes of nurses enrolled in Mater’s Degree programs towards leadership at work. The findings suggest that most participants understand and value the impact that nurses have on healthcare delivery. Finally, key message #4 emphasizes the need to address workforce planning issues. One aspect of this is the fact that
Star Wars is an American Sci-Fi opera film series developed by Lucas George, which became an international pop-cultural icon. The actions in the Star Wars happen in an imaginary galaxy. This paper examined how the interweaving conflict between Luke and Vader, and the Rebels and Imperial troops “color” or affect the interpretation of the Star Wars’ plot. The paper also analyzed what influenced Luke not to succumb to the dark side of the Force and why he did not murder Vader in his fury. Finally, the paper explained why Vader murdered the Emperor. After Chewbacca, Han Solo, C-3PO, and Leia Organa had been detained, Luke Skywalker was determined to save them. Nevertheless, Vader sought an opportunity to track Luke before he (Luke) got into Cloud City. Skywalker entered the town and walked through its elevators and catwalks. He arrived in a carbon-chilling chamber, which was dimly lit up, revealing Vader. Luke prepared his lightsaber while Vader was igniting his missile, and the war began. Luke was fiercely attacking Vader, and that worried Sith Lord. However, Vader retaliated back, making Skywalker lose his balance. Vader gained more strength; he drove Luke, who seemed defeated into a corner. However, Skywalker managed to jump up to the roof of the chamber and utilized a hose to spray Tibanna gas into Vader’s body. Skywalker regained his strength and began overpowering Vader. But Sith Lord helped Vader defeat Skywalker. The Dark Lord ambushed Skywalk, and eventually, Vader managed to hack Luce, who lost his balance. Skywalker regained his energy to strike Vader’s shoulder, which enraged Sith Lord. Lastly, defending himself, Vader managed to suck Skywalker into a Gas Port. thus, Vader won the battle. It took three years to damage the Death Star. The Galactic Empire’s forces and Darth Vader pursed to ruin Organa Leia, solo Han, and Skywalker Luke. Vader planned to ambush Skywalker, and that led to a brutal conflict and a dreadful revelation. The War of Endor was fought between the Galactic Empire and the rebel alliance. The war signified the downfall of the kingdom, the deaths of Vader and Emperor Palpatine, and the ruin of the Death Star. The war began when the rebels realized that the kingdom had been constructing the Death Star near the Moon of Endor. Spies told the rebels that defense of the Death Star would not be complete, and the Empire would not manage to finish the construction of the Superweapon if they started the war then. The rebels attacked the unfinished
Introduction Since the invention of the creative industry in the world, mass media has been an important industry in propelling creativity through the spread of information within this industry (Campbell & Park 2008). Central to fashion and design, which form an integral part of the creative industry, the media have significantly improved the visibility of this industry. Historically, print media dominated the fashion and design industry with lots of information in the industry spreading through printed newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, and booklets such as the Vogue Magazine, Allure Magazine, and CT Magazine, among others (Carcani 2007). However, with an intense speed in the integration of advanced information technology models, digital media seems dominative in the media industry (Salman et al. 2011). The advent of the information communication industry has changed the monotonous use of print media into rapid adoption of digital media to spread information in the fashion and design industry. For instance, the Vogue Magazine has established its online Vogue website and a mobile application for fashion enthusiasts. This move has raised several concerns about the future of media with few individual aware of the changes dominating mass media. Therefore, this analytical treatise attempts to examine if “the print media is dead.” Overview of mass media Mass media is a collective term used in describing communication mediums or technologies used in transferring information to the public. The main reason behind establishing of mass media is to enhance mass communication, which covers an indispensable part of human life (Jothi, Neelamalar, & Prasad 2011). There are two main components of mass media commonly used by people worldwide, which include print media and digital media (Fuery 2009). Print media is a general term used in describing all means of providing information to public using published materials. Print media involves communication using published material, including newspapers, pamphlets, magazines, and handbooks. According to Fuery (2009), digital media is another means of communication, which is currently dominating the media industry. Digital media is a modern economic and cultural frontier that involves the use of computerized systems to deliver information. New media theories As evident in the current literature, very little exists connecting the perceptions existing within the modern media. However, issues pertaining to theorising new media have emerged all over the world and researchers have been gradually developing interest in such approaches (Seiter 2000). Nonetheless, theorising new media has a long history and streams in connection with the beginning of communication studies though the new media theory began becoming more evident in the 1990s. New media the
The paper analyzes the personal influences of gene-environment factors on human development. The doctrine was, originally, generated by the scientists, Sandra Scarr, who suggested that genes may impact the constitution of the surrounding environment, which stimulates a certain niche of human responses and to the surrounding conditions. Sandra Scarr differentiated three critical types of genotypes, which affect personality development (Scarr & McCartney, 2003). Primarily, one relates to a passive genotype, which is shaped through the assistance of parental genes. This type of genotype implies that parents provide their children with both genes and specific conditions, in which they develop their personalities. In this way, a justification for similarities between children and parents is offered. In my childhood, I was accustomed to getting involved in multiple activities as much as possible. This factor might relate to the fact that both my mother and father are extroverts and are likely to be quite active in their occupational and every-day life. Since the early years, I revealed a strong attachment to energetic games, which is why my parents decided to impact my development by occupying me with learning arts and getting involved in professional dancing. Conclusively, I developed human and professional competencies, which correspond to the skills of my parents. The second vital genotype, according to Sandra Scarr, is named evocative. The genotype stems from the social responses of different environments to personal development. The feedback is shaped through the interaction of experiences and character types of individuals. Concerning my evocative genotype, I can conclude that my genetic make-up provoked the establishment of my tastes and preferences. Specifically, the active lifestyle contributed to the fact that I became a sociable person with choleric temperament, which promoted high social attention to my personality development. Moreover, my genetic presuppositions drew a space for my professional realization. Thus, I decided to take up a career that is connected with interaction and persuasion since it applies to my gene make-up. Finally, the third type of genotype is known as active. This genotype refers to the selection of environment-specific conditions, which comply with the persuasions and experiences of individuals. Despite this type is highly dependent on passive genotype since personal persuasions are formed on the basis of genes, the active genotypes are rather will-based than imposed. In my everyday life, I am constantly looking for human interaction opportunities. For instance, I am likely to get involved in discussion clubs as well as seek professional realization, which relates to managing people. Therefore, it may be concluded that personal development relies on three basic genotypes: passive, evocative, and active. Reference Scarr, S., & McCartney, K. (2003). How people m