ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many organization managers in the current information age have found themselves handling one major problem: managing an upsurge of information flow through their organization, while making it beneficial to the employees and the organization. Bellinger, Castro & Mills (2004) explain the data, information, knowledge and wisdom hierarchy and how managers can understand this hierarchical order can be utilized effectively. The purpose of this paper is to define these terms and highlight how managers can beneficially manage this “Information Tsunami” flowing into and though their organizations Bellinger, Castro & Mills (2004), argue that information “is data (raw, meaningless symbols) that has been given meaning by way of relational connection”, within the context of the organization. Green (2010) states that knowledge and wisdom is information that is personal, contextual and subjective. Knowledge and wisdom is acquired experientially by application of information contextually. It therefore exists in people’s minds and can be stored in instructional manuals for future reference. Organizations have found themselves receiving loads of Information, most of which is unnecessary and potentially overwhelming. Organizations will therefore need to filter through, select and summarize useful information using various tools such as the Information Technology tools e.g. the Web; which can improve knowledge construction and induce meaningful learning, indexes and references (Blair, 2010; Miller; 2010; Cartelli, 2007). After careful selection, information managers need to organize and store this information properly for future use under titles, headings, topics and case studies (Marks, 2010). When this information generates some value for the organization, (Levinson, 2010) calls it “a knowledge based asset,” which can be categorized into explicit and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is knowledge that can be documented in instructional manuals, while tacit knowledge is knowhow how that is acquired through experience and only exist in peoples minds. Managers can share explicit knowledge through manuals, journals and continued educational courses for employees (Green, 2010). Tactic knowledge, found in people’s minds, creates a challenge in its self, as it is harder to identify, generate, share and manage. However, Levinson (2010) suggest that it is possible to do so by creating a social network at the work place. This network creates a platform for people to contact each other within an organization. People
Introduction Employee satisfaction is a critical element in organisations’ pursuit for success. Therefore, organisational leaders are obliged to foster a high level of employee satisfaction to attain optimal ordinary performance. One of the most important areas of strategic management that organisational leaders should focus on in order to nurture a high level of employee satisfaction involves human resource. Different studies on improving organisational performance have been conducted. Some of these studies have focused on integrating effective operational strategies. However, it is imperative for organisational leaders to nurture an environment that motivates its workforce (Bockerman & Ilmakunnas, 2012). The level of employee productivity is subject to the level of job satisfaction. Naseem, Sheik, and Malik (2011) further opine that the level of employee satisfaction influences the extent to which customers are satisfied, and hence the firms’ financial performance. Company profile The Emirates National Oil Company [ENOC] was founded in 1993 in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE). The firm is wholly owned by the Dubai government and it is a critical institution in UAE’s quest for sustainable development and economic diversification. The firm specialises in the development of upstream and downstream operations within the gas and oil sector. ENOC intends to be the most profitable government-owned entity by integrating social responsible practices into its workforce and the overall society ( ENOC , 2014). ENOC is focused at attracting, developing, and retaining a talented workforce, hence positioning itself as the employer of choice. ENOC intends to achieve this goal by integrating ethical business practices and integrity into its operations ( ENOC , 2014). The firm has adopted an extensive Code of Business Conduct, which emphasises a number of core values such as integrity, teamwork, respect, transparency, and customer focus ( ENOC , 2014). These aspects show that the firm is committed at nurturing an enabling working environment. Research objective This research paper evaluates the impact of employee satisfaction on the ENOC’s profitability. In order to achieve this primary objective, the research focuses on a number of aspects that are related to employee satisfaction. Some of these areas are illustrated by the following secondary objectives.  1. To evaluate how employee satisfaction in
Brief History of Apple Inc Apple Computer Company was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Woziniak in 1976 after they had dropped out of school. They were working in a family garage in California where they decided to come up with a computer circuit board which they called Apple 1. They made more than two hundred units within a few months after starting. In order to boost their new business, they decided to incorporate a new partner who was more experienced for them to attract venture capital. The aim of these two entrepreneurs was to introduce into the market a computer that was easy to use and they came up with Apple II in 1978. There endeavors led to a complete revolution in the PC industry raising the sales to 1$ billion in less than three years. The company became one of the most successful dealers in computers with high sales until they launched their IPO in 1980. However, the company started experiencing problems with its sales falling in the recent years. This problem is compounded by the entry of other players in the PC market such as windows 7 which started pushing Apple further (Yoffie and Kim 2). This essay will discuss some of the problems Apple has been facing and how they could possibly be solved. Apple Marketing Problems One of the most serious problems that apple Inc is facing and which to a large extent contributes to the occasional failures of the company is a marketing problem due to stiff competition in the industry. Initially, Apple was dealing with Macintosh computers when it started facing stiff competition from other PC manufacturers such as IBM. Later on, Apple decided to shift from PC industry into mobile phone industry. The company wanted to go beyond Macintosh computers and embrace a digital hub strategy. This shift was marked by the introduction of iPod in 2001 and the iPhone in 2007. Later in 2010, the company introduced the iPad. After these developments the company changed its name from Apple computers to Apple Inc. one of the distinguishing features of Apple Inc iPods is the iTunes software that they incorporated (Yoffie and Kim 9). Despite the success of the iTunes Apple Inc has enjoyed, it has had strained relationships with content companies. These companies are in strong opposition of the fact that Apple Inc has dominated the digital music market and its structure of fixed prices. In addition, music labels are seeing the threat posed by Apple Inc because there high priced CDs are being faced out of the market. Apple Inc faces strong competition from online music stores such as Napster, amazon.com and Walmart.com which often inconveniences the marketing strategies of company. These online music stores have been offering music downloads at discounted prices. Some music labels have been allowing music stores to sell DRM free music. For example, MySpace which is a social network has been networking with other music labels to come up with its own music service. This increases the competition hence forcing Apple Inc to start looking for new marketing strategies in order to remain relevant in the market. In addition to the music services provided by soc
Introduction Cost of operation should always be minimized by all available means. For a firm to remain competitive in the market, it must charge prices that are considered competitive (Kerzner 69). This is only possible if it cuts down on the costs of production. H. L. Winman and Associates is no exception. For this firm to remain competitive in the current market, it must reduce its overhead costs to be able to earn any meaningful income. In its current project, the client, Terrapin Control System expects the firm to deliver products within the specified time of three months. Every single day counts and any day that the project fails to operate for one reason or the other may lead to delay of the project. However, this is expensive because for every single day past predetermined date, a fine of $ 1000 would be charged. This amount is too large and it would eat into the profits that this company would have earned. The current power supply is very unreliable. The project has experienced power shortages twice and this destroyed tests for those particular days. This did not only increase the cost of production but also rendered the project two days behind the schedule. The project must be completed within the stipulated time to avoid fines. The cost of production should also be minimized to ensure high profits are gained. There is therefore need to have a backup power supply to ensure that the process runs without any inconvenience. Special Requirements of the Project This project must be completed within the planned time in order to eliminate any fines. This would also help cut the costs associated with extended deadlines. Therefore, time is one of the most important resources in this project. To ensure success, the project demands a constant power supply. Because the current power supply has proven to be unreliable, there is need to install a backup power supply that would ensure that no disruptions are caused by power outage from the current power supply. For H. L. Winman and Associates, buying a backup power generator would be the best option. This company may consider leasing the generator at a lesser cost. However, the difference in cost is very negligible. It is therefore cost effective to buy as it could be used for future projects. Buying also gives the firm an opportunity to control the generator fully hence, the project will be free from any external interruption. Two 12000 watts portable diesel generators with Subaru engines will be sufficient to operate the two units of the project. Other alternative sources of energy that the project may consider include wind powered generator and solar panels. However, the two depends on nature, which may not be controlled as per the requirements of the project (Frame 45). This makes them unreliable sources of energy. Justification Twice the project has witnessed power outage that rendered brought business to a standstill. This wastage increased the total cost of production. It also rendered the project two days behind the schedule. The project cannot afford another power o
Source Location The paper reviews the tendencies of matrimonial and reproduction life in Norway in the 19 th century. The research study is based on the academic peer-reviewed article that analyzes marriage in the country in the 1800s. Reliability of the Article The source was located through the usage of Google Scholar as a search engine. The article is reliable since it operates the original Norwegian state reports (Roskaft, Wara, and Viken 443). Three Marriage Aspects Aspect 1 The first issue demonstrates how the political and cultural situation in the country-influenced demographic rates. Mainly, the authors of the work argue that there was a one-child decrease in every Norwegian family at the time of Swedish encroachment. Aspect 2 It is concluded that the 19th-century society tended to improve the social positioning of the country by marrying low-status girls to wealthy men. Aspect 3 Finally, the article provides a unique discovery, due to which the quality of marriage life in Norway was deeply dependent on the age of women, who were getting married. Questionable Issue In his dramas, Henrik Ibsen makes a strong accent on the willful and motivated women, who strive for knowledge and education. Unfortunately, the academic article does not provide the statistics on the level of Norwegian female education. Thus, the questionable issue is still researched and analyzed by experts and historians. “ A Doll House” Production Implications The research study asserts the theory and provides some explanation for the matrimony aspect of Norway. The information can be used while preparing the performance in “A Doll House” since it serves as a guideline for Nora’s position in her family. Specifically, the actor has to adopt the conduct of a firm and determined woman who suffers from no social status inequality effects. Work Cited Roskaft, Eivin, Annelise Wara, and Aslaug Viken. “Reproductive Success in Relation to Resource-Ac
Introduction Mr. Bibe is the client in this case and he needs advice concerning a contract he got into with his co-worker Lotts. Mr. Bibe has an intention of buying a business and his co –worker is aware. Lotts uses the opportunity when the two are drinking to bring out the business and has Mr. Bibe sign the contract in which he is obligated to buy the business presented to him. After signing the contract, while at home Mr. Bibe gives it a second thought and realizes that he has made a mistake. This is because he thinks that he does not want to purchase the business. It is from this base that he needs legal advice on whether he is bound by the contract or not. Issue statement Is Mr. Bibe bound by the contract he was made to sign while he was quickly presented with information when they were drinking with the co-worker? Discussion For the case of Mr. Bibe the relevant statute “A person entirely without understanding has no power to make a contract of any kind, but the person is liable for the reasonable value of things furnished to the person necessary for the support of the person or the person’s family.”If indeed Lotts used the opportunity when Mr. Bibe had consumed some alcohol, to make him sign a contract he might not have signed in a sober mind, then this statute is applicable. In the case Donnelly v. Rees, 74 P. 433 (Cal. 1903) ,the plaintiff who is the sole heir of Patrick Kean in this suit seeks setting a side the deed for a land that was fraudulently obtained by Ree, the defendant. According to the case, at the time of the transaction, Kean was a habitual drunkard and was not fit to carry out such a contract. Patrick Kean was the owner of half interests in the mining claims in this case. The defendant, without consideration of the state of mind of Kean, fraudulently procured the deed of conveyance from him. The defendant in this case has been described in this case to have used undue influence or his own tactics to lure Kean into the deed transaction that made him loose the property. Under the law, an individual is not supposed to be influenced by other means other than his knowledge into signing such contracts. According to the Plaintiff, the condition of Kean at the time of the procurement was not fit. This is because of the fact that he was under the influence of alcohol. This is likely to have made him give out the property when in the real sense he would not have one it. Based on the fact that the deed was acquired through fraudulent means, the plaintiff has the right under the law to recover the property. The land has to be taken away from the defendant because he is an involuntary trustee. According to Guidici v. Guidici, 41 P.2d 932 (Cal. 1935) case, the Plaintiff took action to cancel a deed set as
Introduction Organizational change takes place when a firm makes some shift from its present state to some preferred future state. Successful organizational change usually requires planning as well as the implementation of the transformation in a manner that is likely to evoke minimum employee resistance in addition to bestowing minimum cost constraint on the firm. Businesses today require that firms undergo continuous change in order to stay afloat in the business waters. Such factors as rapid technological advancements or market globalization impose the urge for the firms to undergo change in a continual fashion so as to survive (Kuriger, 2004). Organizational change usually erupts from the difficulties faced by the company or the firm. However, some firms change under the impulsion of its visionary leaders who begin by recognizing and then exploiting the emerging potentials in the firm. Organizational change that is not properly organized is usually fought by the employees, leading to its failure. Organizational change occurs for instance when a firm changes its general success strategy, adds or does away with a main practice or plans to do a variation in its nature of operation. Philosophical approaches There are two main various towards organizational change. The two main ones that are by their nature opposing, to one another are: the mechanistic and the humanistic approach. Mechanistic philosophy This conservative organizational change framework depicts the firm as a set of evidently defined parts (departments) which are stitched together by the official rules and the subsisting relationships. In this approach, the executives or the management tend to oversee the co-ordination as well as originating and controlling of organizational change plans. Therefore a mechanistic approach towards institutional change is an approach in which the managers plan the needed change then they put it into effect without the involvement of the employees. Constraints as well as problems that impede the achievement of the perceived goals are envisaged as technical difficulties of which technical solutions are sought. There is heavy reliance on the hierarchical structure of the organization to effect organizational change. In the much idealized form of this approach, the commands are issued from the top toward the employees who are down in the organizational hierarchy. Organizations that use this type of approach are usually less adaptive to changes in their environment and least responsive to innovations. They also show hierarchical differentiation accompanied with many levels in their command chain, power concentration by the top executives and also the decision-making mandate fin
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln’s words show that the foundations for American democracy were laid more than 200 years ago. The equality of all people is one of the pillars, on which democracy is based. However, equality is one of the highest democratic values, for which the generations of Americans fought. The Civil War in the 19 th century was the war against slavery and for the liberation of millions of people. T. Washington The phrase “Cast Down Your Bucket Where You Are” belongs to Booker T. Washington. He proclaimed these words in his famous speech devoted to the problem of race discrimination in the United States. In his speech, Washington motivated the Afro Americans to cease the resistance and to labor. He thought that the continuous fight would not lead to a positive outcome. Instead, he inspired the Afro Americans to live peacefully and to make the efforts to achieve welfare by using the resources already available to them. Emily Dickinson The poem After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes by Emily Dickinson is devoted to the feelings a person has after the emotional trauma. The poetess describes the stages, which the person goes through while being in a moral crisis. The poem is very emotionally intense as Dickinson describes the changes in the inner stance of the person, who overlives much trouble. She describes the heart as being a stone after feeling great pain. Death is the central theme in the poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson. The poetess uses personification as a literary technique to describe Death. A carrier, who drives her through the moments from her life, embodies the Death. The poetess describes the things as “passed” in the third stanza to describe life, its stages, which remain in the past. T. Washington The philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois differed substantially. They were the opponents on the issue of equality, race discrimination, and the ways to overcome it. The words of W.E.B. DuBois reflected his idea that the Afro Americans should strive to achieve a high education to be equal with the whites at the intellectual level. These lines are from the poe
Business Recommendations Based on Economic Projections Business recommendations basing on projections are very core in the achievement of the expectations or even better the achievement in terms of time and profitability. The company’s projections which cover a period of five years shows that the business needs to be expanded and at the same time increase the profits. In order to achieve this milestone, the company must make some decisions which will catapult the attainment of these expectations. The various perspectives of future projections therefore provoke decisions that govern the same set objective. Larson’s future expansion plan clearly shows that the company is faced by challenges throughout its life cycle and therefore there should be decision to act as antidotes during challenging times and better the performance during the most profitable or maturity stage of the business (McConnell, Brue & Flynn, 2009). The decisions that are appropriate for the company therefore go hand in hand with the projections. GDP Growth Rate in United State The positive increase in the GDP in the fourth quarter should be maintained. For maintenance of this it is in order that the following decisions are necessary; the personal consumption should be encouraged through quality products and price incentive for the clients, improving exports through extensive marketing outside USA and encourage private investors so that the running capital is increased (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2009). GDP Growth Rate in United State The GDP of Germany increased by 0.7% in the last quarter of the previous year. The upward trend can be maintained or even made better through the use of various strategies. First the company greatly depends on export as the main economic pillar. It is recommendable therefore that the export policies that encourage export should be implemented, these include better relationship with other countries and increase of market across the world. The goods being exported can be diversified at the same time exploration of internal market to increase or maintain the GDP (Global Finance, 2010). Consumer Loyalty Consumer loyalty is largely based on their confidence on the company’s products. The best way therefore for the company to win and maintain consumer base is to ensure that the quality of the product is up to the expectations of the consume