ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
“The Turn of the Screw” is a horror story in all the aspects. Henry James, its author, employs various literary styles and methods to achieve the desired chilling and devilish effect. An outstanding feature in the story is the use of ambiguity. The literary style is applied to develop various themes in the narrative. It is also used to develop the characters. The current paper explores the use of ambiguity in the story. The author analyses the effects of this stylistic device on the reader. In addition, the impacts of the style on the general flow of the narrative are also analyzed. In “The Turn of the Screw”, Henry James uses ambiguity to make the events in the story intriguing. The style is especially evident in the analysis of the governess, one of the main characters in the book. “The Turn of the Screw” is a narrative about a governess who is tasked with the responsibility of looking after two orphans. However, she wants nothing to do with these kids. Her reaction elicits sympathy given that the governess who used to look after the two children has died. The housekeeper of Alby, Mrs. Grose, is kind to the governess and children, Miles and Flora, who appear to be charming kids. Miles is expelled from school after the administration wrote to the family informing of the decision to terminate his presence in the institution (James 4). A few weeks after their arrival, the governess starts noting some extraordinary happenings. She starts to see ghosts of previous servants of the estate. For example, she sees the ghosts of a dead servant named Quint and his lover. She also sees the ghost of another female servant, who is also dead. The governess believes that the apparitions corrupt the minors. In addition, she feels that they (the ghosts) want them to be dead. However, the children maintain that they cannot see the alleged ghosts. For example, the apparition of the former caretaker appears to the new nanny and the little girl. However, the girl insists that she cannot see it. Consequently, the girl falls sick. As a result, the nanny has to get her out of the house. A battle ensues between the governess and the ghost of Quint. Each of them wants to keep Miles. The governess thinks that she has overcome the phantoms. However, this appears to be a false sense of hope given because Miles dies in her arms (James 5). “The Turn of the Screw” is intricately written in a manner that leaves the reader in awe, if not lost. The events in the story are characterized by twists and turns. Apart from achieving the horror and evil objective of the author, the turns and twists arouse confusion. According to Hill, the tale is maddeningly indirect (53). James purports clarity in the tale. However, the story appears to have a sole objective of losing and confusing the reader even more. The events in the story are very succinct in their ambiguity. Consequently, the themes of doubt and visio
Main issue Macpherson’s case study, “ Golden goose or Trojan horse? Cruise ship tourism in Pacific development ” highlights how the pacific governments are in need of addition finances to support their demanding economy. They claim their economy is dwindling because of insufficient financial resources to support their respective economies. Therefore, the respective governments have devised diverse ways of raising money. One of the preferred methods is tourism (Macpherson 2008, p. 186). The form of tourism arrived at concerns using ships as a means of transporting tourists across various preferred destinations. This type of tourism is referred to as cruise ship tourism. In this form of tourism, individual tourists use ships to access historical locations or geographical sites. The main concern here is to gain access to remote areas and what needs to be done to facilitate access to these locations. Also, the pacific governments have released statistics demonstrating how the move will be beneficial and convenient to both the people and the states at large. What would have changed 10 years on? Had the concept of cruise ship tourism been introduced earlier, a number of improvements would have been achieved. Cruises create employment to the population and also give governments returns in form of taxes collected. This money can be spent to develop the economy of the country. Also, there is the growth of marine- based industries. Various industries would have emerged by now had the cruise ship tourism started earlier. In addition, there would have an increase in the volume of businesses along the coastal region. This is because tourists enhance businesses whenever they tour an area. They purchase local commodities, further aiding in the development of the local industries. Ship- based tourism incur fewer costs and lower financial risks than the land- based tourism involving hotels and motels. This is because a large portion of costs incurred in ship management and promotion of destinations are borne by the operator. If this type of tourism had been introduced earlier, a lot of money spent on inland tourism would have been directed to other development activities. Advice to remote ship destinations There is a challenge to countries located in remote areas that cannot be accessed by cruise ships. These countries should try and improve their coastal regions in order to allow ships of various sizes to ac
The movie Erin Brockovich is a 2000 chef-d’oeuvre piece of art, which highlights effects of environmental pollution by industries across the world. The environmental issue raised in this film is water pollution by hexavalent chromium used by Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) in Hinkley, California. In addition, the movie highlights an occupational health issue where employees working for PG&E are dying or suffering from tumors and a myriad of other diseases associated with exposure to carcinogenic levels of chromium 6. The residents of Hinkley also experience similar health problems. The factors that have contributed to the water pollution issue are mainly related to corporate greed. According to memos written back in 1966, the senior management of the company knew about the carcinogenic effects of chromium 6 that the company was using, but the management did nothing to correct the situation. In addition, the company’s headquarters forced the Hinkley plant’s management to keep the facts as a secret. The company acted irresponsibly without embracing corporate social responsibility where companies seek to better the wellbeing of the residents living around the premises of operations. Another factor is the lack of political goodwill. Throughout the movie, there is no mention of the role of government in regulating corporate actions. The primary task of any government is to protect its citizens; however, the Californian authorities are lackluster in terms of cushioning citizens from the vagaries of corporate greed. Socio-cultural issues also play a critical role in propagating the problem. The PG&E employees know that the levels of chromium 6 used by the company are carcinogenic. A certain employee claims to have seen memos back in the 1960s stating that the levels were harmful. In fact, he was tasked with destroying the evidence. Unfortunately, the man decides to keep it a secret. This culture of not standing for the truth and justice contributes largely to the escalation of the problem. People have become so self-serving to the extent that they do not question the ideals that constitute well-being. The man tasked with destroying the evidence that PG&E was acting irresponsibly perhaps received a kickback to remain silent on the issue. Unfortunately, his cousin, who was also an employee at the company, passes on and this aspect underscores the view that human beings have become self-destructive. The issue of large corporations making profits at the expense of people’s health and wellbeing is widespread in the contemporary world. People are dying every other day due to exposure to dangerous levels of chemicals and materials used in the production of different products in the modern society. The issue raised here is water pollution and thus this paper narrows down to it. Water is a vital requirement in the survival of every living thing. Therefore, if water is polluted, people, plants, and animals will start to die. Destroying the life on earth desolates the society. A sick society is as good as a dead one because
Countries all over the world face different social problems. The societies react against these problems taking actions which have the purpose to produce an indented result which might be the reduction or the elimination of the problem. This reaction is called social intervention. If we want to find out if a social intervention has produced the expected results we use a particular form of social sciences called evaluation research. It is undertaken to determine the impact of a social intervention. The first thing to do before the intervention is to define if this occurrence is really a problem for the society. We must be very precise in what we will call problem. In underdeveloped countries, like certain countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, phenomena like high population growth rate or huge extension of AIDS are considered common problems. In these countries the best way for the society to intervene is through the radio or TV programs because in general but especially in these countries people are very attracted from TV shows. Through a TV show the society may express a certain purpose, for example: changing society behavior regarding the prevention of AIDS. To achieve this purpose, the TV programs may provide knowledge about this disease to aware people of the real danger that it represents. The first step of the evaluation research is to identify clearly the objective of the social intervention. The objective comes from the purpose of the intervention. It must be measurable to help us latter understand if this intervention has been successful or not. In the case of the TV show I think the best way to evaluate the intervention is making surveys. Through them, we can be able to recognize the presence or the absence of what is under study. We have to use the data gathered from the surveys to identify the percentage of the listeners who have begun preventing AIDS, or to identify if the percentage of people diagnosed with AIDS has decreased. We have to take measures for several years after, to be able to see the difference from one year to another. We need independent data to be very correct because people not always do what they say they do. If we gather the right data we would be able to value if the intervention of the society has been successful or not. In other words we must be able to say if the outco
My research topic is: First Home Care: Program Evaluation People with autism and autism spectrum disorders are exposed to massive challenges when establishing social contact or interacting with others (Zager, Cihak, & Stone-MacDonald, 2016). Therefore, they require extensive support, which can be provided through training and education. A Day Support Program aimed at helping people with autism and autism spectrum disorders to gain public survival skills such as spatial awareness and sensory processing must be established. The phenomenon of autism must be defined before launching a program aimed at assisting patients in the first Home Care facility. According to the existing definition, autism is a mental health disorder that can be characterized by the presence of massive impediments in communication for a patient (Zager et al., 2016). It should be noted that the specified definition issued in DSM-V has sparked a range of arguments due to the controversy surrounding it. By using autism as an umbrella term for all autism spectrum disorders, one is likely to dismiss the unique characteristics of patients’ conditions. Therefore, it is imperative to focus on using the principles of multiculturalism when tending to patients’ needs. My research question(s) is Do obstacle courses, building and creating activities, direct sensory exposure, and sensory activity scheduling help address the increased levels of anxiety in patients with autism, thus, helping them develop social skills and engage in interactions with the rest of the community? The following are key concepts (up to 4) associated with the topic or contained in the research question that are not clear and need to be defined Adults (patients aged 25-40) will be the primary focus of the study. During the program implementation, one must be fully aware of the concepts of direct sensory exposure (DSE) and sensory activity scheduling (SAS). By definition, DSE implies creating the environment in which a patient can contact with the items that require patients to use their senses, i.e., process visual, auditory, gustatory, and olfactory abilities (Green, Hernandez, Bookheimer, & Dapretto, 2017). SAS, in turn, suggests that a very elaborate choice of sensory irritants for a gradual exposure of a patient to a particular environment be made (Mills & Chapparo, 2017). Specify the nom
Obesity and its importance Obesity refers to a health condition that is characterized by the accumulation of excessive fat in the body due to an imbalance between the intake and spending of energy (Murphy, 2011, p.15). The availability of food laden with high calorie levels and lack of enough physical activity are major factors that predispose people to obesity. Childhood obesity is often associated with obesity in adulthood. In addition, obesity is associated with health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery diseases (Murphy, 2011, p.18). A proper study and research into obesity can help avoid these conditions. Other repercussions include stigmatization, social exclusion, depression and low self-esteem. Extensive comprehension of the sociological and medical aspects of obesity would help in the enactment of policies and programs to curb its occurrence and prevalence. Biomedical approach to obesity A biomedical approach to obesity considers the potential effects of obesity on the general health of victims. The excess fat associated with obesity presents several complications to many body organs, thus affecting their functionality (Gard, 2005, p.41). Such complications include chest or joint pain, anemia and early menstruation cases (Gard, 2005, p.41). Research studies have established that childhood obesity is associated with the establishment of predisposing factors for type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. It readily causes certain cancers such as breast and endometrial cancers, osteoarthritis, different complications during pregnancy, psychological disorders and high cholesterol levels in the blood (Gard, 2005, p.43). These conditions have the effect of causing disability or death in extreme cases. A medical approach to obesity would recommend drugs or a diet low in calories for treatment (Gard, 2005, p.46). This happens under the supervision of an experienced medical professional. Dieting is accompanied by a considerable amount of physical activity. Surgery is also a medical remedy for obesity. Gastric bypass is a surgical treatment for obesity (Gard, 2005, p.50). However, it is very expensive hence unaffordable by low-income earners. This approach does not consider the socio-economic or the cultural background of a victim. Sociological concepts linked to obesity Gender, socio-cultural and psychosocial factors have been shown to play a major role in propagating the occurrence of obesity. They do so by propagating the varying perceptions on obesity held by different cultures and what is acceptable and unacceptable by the society. In addition to health problems, obesity may present social, emotional and psychological problems to victims. Sociological concepts s
Abstract The application of criminological theory involves identifying the problem of an individual and designing a program of correction as well as preventing any deviant acts committed from recurring in the future. A certain teacher is in problems with a student who has been brought up in a disadvantaged socioeconomic background but managed to secure a chance in a prestigious school where the principal feels he should remain despite the anti-social behaviors he has like fighting other students among other things. One day he is caught red-handed beating up another student and the matter is reported to the vice principal that is in charge of the discipline. He is expected to apply criminological theory to help the boy and the teacher. Introduction One of the teachers has a problem with a student who comes from a poor socioeconomic background. The principal still wants to maintain the student in the school because he believes by so doing is in the best interest of the student. One day the teacher caught the student fighting another student and steps in to stop the fight and reports this matter to the vice-principal for assistance. The major reason for the intervention, in this case, is to identify the cause of the student’s criminal behavior and help him to undergo rehabilitation and fit in the school environment. It will also be important to help the teacher understand the problem of the child so that he can calm down and work towards a common goal of assisting the student to achieve academically. All this will only be achieved through the application of knowledge in criminology regarding the identification of the crime, its probable causes, and the rehabilitation program that should be adopted to correct the criminal. (Bede, 1999 pp501-504) Review of criminological theory Criminology regards crime to be a social phenomenon that involves enacting laws and the process of breaking them as well as what should be done in case they are broken. It is therefore important to measure as well as analyze a particular crime over a specified period as one observe the characteristic of the person engaging in the crime and the magnitude of the undesirable acts committed. When this is done, the next step is to punish the criminal and employ the right treatment to correct him as well as undertaking all the prevention measures to deter the occurrence of such behavior in the future. (Bede, 1999 pp505-508) Influence of the boy’s background on his behavior The student requires an interdisciplinary approach that will mainly focus on sociological interpretation as well as psychological understanding
Introduction Haiti is a Caribbean country located in the island of Hispaniola and occupies a third of it. The country has been facing high poverty levels that have been attributed to the political instability experienced in the past. Speaking about the weather conditions, Haiti has a warm tropical climate (Coupeau, 2008). The population of the state constitutes about 10 million people according to a recent national census. Famous sites in Haiti Haiti offers a lot of opportunities to those visiting the country on either business or leisure activities. It boasts of having some of the world’s most famous sites among which the following are some of the most famous ones: Citadelle Laferriere This is a mountain top mammoth fortress located 27 kilometers from the city of Cao Haitien. The Citadelle Laferriere took over 10 years to be constructed by the government of Haiti after the French had expressed their desire to retake the island. It was strategically positioned to help the military forces secure the country. Having 365 cannons, it symbolizes the days the people of Haiti fought in order to gain independence (Spears & Joseph, 2010). Sans-Souci Palace This palace served as the official resident of King Henry I. A huge part of the palace was destroyed in an earth quake that also hit the nearby city of Cap Haitien. It should be noted that King Henry I committed suicide in this palace. It is believed that he shoot himself with a silver bullet. Basin Bleue This is a breath taking waterfall that is located in Jacmel town. It is hidden in the hills and offers a picturesque setting making it one of the most popular sites in Haiti (Dayan, 2005). One should note that, due to the efforts put by the government of Haiti to conserve the environment, the number of tourists visiting Basin Bleue is restricted. Languages in Haiti The national language of Haiti is known as Haitian Creole. Out of 10 million of Haiti’s population, 7 million people use Haitian Creole in the homeland. Haitians living abroad also use this language. However, some part of the population speaks French. It is interesting that Haitian Creole is of French origin. The language uses over 90% of the French language (Goldstein, 2006). However, the grammar of Haitian Creole differs from that of the French language. Thus, French people find it hard to understand the Haitian Creole and vice versa. Religion in Haiti No doubt, religion is important in any community. Different communities have been practicing different religions all over the world and Haiti is no exception. Here are some of the religions practiced in Haiti: Roman Catholicism This is considered to be the official religion in Haiti. Voodoo In contrast to Roman Catholicism, it is Haiti’s national religion. It is practiced by majority of Haiti’s population (Clammer, 2012). However, people who practice voodoo consider themselves Roman Catholics as well. It is also worth noting that some of the practices of the voodoo religion are not performed by Roman Catholics. Protestantism A small part of Haiti’s population con