ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Leadership is a notion which can acquire various forms for its demonstration as a quality. The plot of 12 Angry Men directed by William Friedkin is the representation of the play by Reginald Rose. It gives the audience the opportunity to examine several types of leaders which are depicted in the film. The most interesting among them is the figure of Juror # 8 who is one of the central characters of the story and represents the qualities of such a leader who is able to motivate others to achieve definite goals beneficial for the whole group. Being involved in the discussion of the case about a young man accused in murdering his father, Juror # 8 demonstrates the leader’s traits which require their further analysis. Thus, Juror’s concern with the impact is not represented directly because his leadership is not stated openly. However, it is given as the general official authority which he has as a juror. The main concepts which can be recognizable as important patterns in his words are the notions connected with the nonconformity and prejudice which have rather broad meanings. Moreover, Juror # 8 is oriented to finding the most appropriate solution to the problem insisting on the necessity of the verdict’s discussion as the best way to avoid the tragedy. In this situation he also reveals his proactivity and controls the discussion with asking a series of provocative questions to the jurors. Furthermore, Juror # 8 accentuates the fact they are gathered not only to discuss the verdict but also to decide the life of this young man which is the most important aspect of the issue. In spite of the fact that Juror # 8 seems to be adaptable to the opinions of the other jurors, he is rather decisive in his following the line of the discussion which is developed by him. Juror # 8 uses the principles of the effective communication and absolute self-control to convince the jurors to develop their opinions with the base on their personal background without paying attention to the possible biases which prevent them from discussing the issue objectively. Moreover, he succeeds in encouraging the group of jurors to work together to find the solution and persuade them to think rationally. This technique helps him create the alliances with focusing on the quiet members and their opposites. In the process of the discussion the number of the groups’ members is changed according to the development of the conversation. The concentration on the rational ideas and reasonable doubts helps him and his team remain objective in their considerations. In addition to Juror # 8, the leadership’s credibility is shown by Juror # 3 who is opposite to Juror # 8. Ho
The American music has developed a system of genres formed under the influence of diverse factors. The multinational population of the country predetermined the diversity in musical directions reflecting the cultural traditions of particular nations. With time, the role of music and its character depending on the genre evolved. It is essential to distinguish between different kinds of music, its particular features in traditional and contemporary cultures. Musical Similarities and Differences in Bluegrass and Alternative Country Country music as a genre developed from the collision of various nations who settled in America and brought their traditions with them. It formed a rhythmic, spiritual and original country style. 1 Multiple sub-genres emerged in the framework of this music style. However, the most influential and distinctive ones include bluegrass and alt-country. These subgenres commonly share distinct features of the country. They utilize a typical array of primary musical instruments including guitar, banjo, mandolin, and bass. 2 The two sub-genres compositions are created according to the regular rhythm pattern which makes both of them recognizable as the subgenres of country music. As for the differences, bluegrass is more traditional and older than alt-country. It has the soft sounding, “standardized instrumentation” and “vocal harmonies” which are most expressively heard in the Sailor’s Hornpipe by Bill Monroe and his band Blue Grass Boys. 3 In alt-country, the number and variety of instruments, and the sounding of the compositions differ from the traditional country music rules and is closely linked to the rock-n-roll music features. 4 A different, more intense sounding is vividly observed in Dwight Yoakam’s Pretty Horses. In general, bluegrass is a mix of African motifs and Anglo-Saxons musical tradition. 5 As for alt-country, it is a more modern style, more aggressive than traditional country. Differences and Similarities between the Use of Music in Traditional Native American Cultures and Contemporary American Popular Culture The American society is characterized by multiculturalism, the gap between traditional Native American and contemporary cultures is based on the variety of factors influencing the development of this sphere. The similar features between the use of music in traditional Native American culture and contemporary American culture are in the shared aim music serves. In both cultures, the particularity of music is its applicability to festive occasions. In both, Native
Justification for a country of choice: Kenya Over the past decades, Kenya has made it easy for foreign investors to start businesses in the country. The country has no minimum capital requirements. The World Bank report notes that it has increased and made it easy in dealing with construction permits. The country also has organised sets of building rules. In enforcing contracts, Kenya has adjusted its case management system to enhance cost-effectiveness and efficiency in cases of commercial dispute resolution. Doing Business highlights that regulation climate in a country affects the creation of new companies in the domestic market, employment creation and level of productions of those organisations. The recent national population census of Kenya (2009) estimated that the country has about 38 million people. Fifty two percent of this population are mainly people who are employable. Kenya has a high supply of labour force. However, the country does not generate enough jobs for its employable population. Some of these workers do not have a high-level education. However, Kenya generally has a highly qualified and educated workforce in the region. Kenya is a country with a high potential in economic growth. In 2007, the country’s economy grew by seven percent in Gross Domestic Product. This was 6.4 percent in the previous year. Economists argued that it happened due to increased investors’ confidence, government initiatives and reforms, favourable macroeconomics situations, and strong global economy. The country managed its inflation rate well during the year 2007. However, after the disputed general election of 2007, Kenya experienced a rise in inflation to 31.5 percent. There were also adverse effects of climate change, increased international prices of crude oil, and short supplies of food. In the last few years, the country has experienced fluctuating inflation rates mainly as a result of unpredictable prices of the international crude oil (Daniels and Radebaugh, 1997). Rules or regulations that may hamper business operations According to the World Bank Report, Doing Business 2012, there are at least eleven areas in business which regulations affect. These areas include “starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency (formerly closing a business) and employing workers” (World Bank, 2012). Regulations and laws regarding the above
The Atlantic slave trade was considered among the main pillars of the economy in the western region between the 16 th and 19 th centuries. African people were transported via the Atlantic Ocean and sold to the elites as properties. Unfortunately, some of the African leaders acted as intermediaries attacking and capturing fellow Africans and selling them to the Europeans. The symbiotic business relationship led to the rise of the slave trade across the world until its ban by the American and British governments in 1807 (Inikori 39). The concerns of human rights activists pushed for the Civil War in the United States which ultimately led to the abolishment of slavery. Furthermore, the slave trade was no longer compatible with industrial capitalism, and as a result the western countries were willing to seek alternative means of boosting their economies. In the late 19 th century, the Europeans spread across Africa in the name of ending slavery, facilitating civilization, and introducing education. However, none of these factors were the main reason for colonization. Colonialism was not meant to end slavery but to explore and exploit Africa’s resources at all costs. Although slavery had been abolished by the beginning of the 19 th century, there were still merchants and countries which participated in the illegal slave trade. As a result, the white saw local slavery as an opportunity to win Africans’ trust by condemning and fighting against the kingdoms which acted as intermediaries. Internal slavery was more inhumane compared to the external practice because black people were mistreating and selling their friends and families for rewards (Inikori 41). Consequently, when the colonialists managed to oppose and eradicate internal slavery, Africans were convinced that the former’s intentions were pure. Nonetheless, the West’s show of kindness in ending slave trade in Africa was a demonstration of hypocrisy. The internal slavery was only a result of the trans-Atlantic slavery which was championed by the Europeans. The Yoruba of Nigeria, Ashanti of Ghana, and the Bono State are some of the African kingdoms which actively participated in local slave trading. Similarly, the members of the Nyamwezi of Tanzania and the Imbangala of Angola captured slaves on behalf of foreign merchants (Inikori 45). The prominence of the trans-Atlantic slave trade made slavery an acceptable business cementing regional business relationships such as the trans-Saharan. The practice which had developed among the Africans was a mirror of the Atlantic slave trade introduced by the Spanish, British, French, Portuguese, and the Dutch. Consequentl
The innovation in the concepts and ideas that have been established in history, mostly find rejection by the masses. The idea of bringing new ideas in art, science, or architecture always has been the progress maker and inventor of unusual concepts. In this paper, the topic of the Avant-Garde will be covered. The connection with the architecture and its modernist move in Germany is going to be discussed. The influence of the Nazi regime on the Avant-Guarde art in general and on architecture in particular with the style of the architecture the Third Reich implemented that distanced itself from the modern style that became so popular at that time will be part of this paper along with the way that the mentioned regime suppressed this form of art. Avant-Guarde is a French word which is used to describe a category that contains in its meaning a set of all the innovative, revolutionary, rebellious movements and directions in modern aesthetics and art in the first half of the twentieth century, which marked the end of centuries of the old period in which the European-Mediterranean art culture existed and the beginning of its global transition into other quality. In general, the Avant-Garde phenomena are characteristic for all transitive stages in the history of the art culture, and separate kinds of art. In the XX century, however, the concept of Avant-Garde has got the definition as a term that designates a powerful phenomenon of the art culture which has captured practically all of its significant phenomena. At all the variety and diversity of these art directions which can be contained under this concept, they all have mutual cultural-historical roots and mutual atmosphere which has generated them. The Avant-Garde is, first of all, a reaction of the art-aesthetic consciousness on the global crisis in cultural processes, caused by scientific and technical progress in the last century. The essence and the value of this avalanche process in culture are not completely understood for mankind and not comprehended by adequate scientifically philosophical thinking, but already with sufficient completeness, it has found its expression in art culture in the Avant-Garde, modernism, and postmodernism. In addition, Avant-Garde sometimes can be considered inconsistent, even in some ways contradictory. In some ways, we can relate Avant-Garde with modernism as both terms can explain similar meanings which can be interpreted as the accepting of new styles and as opposite of classical points of view or in other words traditional. At the beginning of the last century, Germany saw the Avant-Guarde as the development of modern painting, sculpture, and architecture, and motion picture arts. After Hitler’s arrival to authority, many modern architects and artists have been compelled to emigrate. Living and working abroad, they promoted the development of cosmopolitan style in modern
The final customer has always been the target for any product or service brought to the market (Macaulay 123). Such explains why businesses carry out campaigns aimed at creating awareness and brand recognition as a means of increasing the amount of company sales. For this reason, it is important for businesses and organizations to make sure that their goods and services are customer-oriented. Nonetheless, the focus of a company’s ideas on customer orientation ought to include all the latest developments and improvement on the product. Such considerations ensure that the product or service adequately meets the needs of the end consumer (Belliveau, Griffin and Somermeyer 12). In addition, any product that is available in the market should ensure that it has featured all manner of innovations in terms of promotions and distribution approaches with the aim of succeeding in large market share. Case Study: Premium Chocolate in UAE Considering the case of chocolate consumption in United Arab Emirates, it is evident that the satisfaction of the final consumer is necessary. As such, this has an implication that customer satisfaction is an essential factor that chocolate manufacturers put into consideration before dispatching their chocolate brands into the market. However, Macaulay (113) points out to several creative ideas that Premium chocolate manufacturers in UAE can adopt to ensure that they develop and improve their chocolate. Such approaches are aimed at boosting the customer care. However, most of the times such ideas are affected by the emerging trends in consumer behavior. Creative ideas for Premium Chocolate Development and Improvement The taste and p
Introduction Communication is an essential part of business strategy because it enhances coordination among people and business. The pillar of effective operations in a business context is appropriate communication strategy. Without effective communication strategy, a company will easily succumb to a crisis. On the other hand, the strategic management of a communication context of a business is detrimental to its reputation among customers and the public. With the modern technology and popularity of the internet use, a company can succumb to negative publicity attributed to by viral messages in the popular digital media such as the social media platform. Domino’s Pizza became a victim of a negative publicity through a viral message. Two employees of the company uploaded to the YouTube an adulterated food made by the company. Because of the negative information contained in the video, Domino’s Pizza was faced with a crisis that affected its business operations and reputation. Historical Background of Domino’s Pizza Domino’s Pizza was the largest business organization that produced and distributed pizza across the world by 1997. In addition, the company was a second largest chain of pizza in the entire United States. According to Peeples and Vaughn (2010), the company had more than 4,400 stores across the United States during the same period. Furthermore, Domino’s Pizza had over 1,500 units in the foreign countries by the end of 1997. The company’s annual sales by then were about US$ 3.16 billion, which made it appear among the top 500 private companies listed by the Forbes (Weiss, 2009). The company sells numerous products, which included thin crust pizzas, pan and deep-dish. Even though Domino’s Pizza had developed a great brand recognition and extensive wealth, it experienced a historic crisis, which attracted the attention of m
Mission Statement A mission statement for Fitbit reflects its major market-oriented goal: to sell high-quality, accessible wearables to users who take care of their health that will keep them up-to-date with the newest technological advancements. The statement incorporates the company’s product values, and motivations. The product is defined as a wearable fitness-tracking device. Fitbit was the first company to introduce such a fitness tracker, and despite the emergence of several similar products, it is still the leader in the market. The company’s values are focused on the endeavor to offer the most comfortable and accessible device to consumers. Thus, Fitbit aims to provide the highest possible quality of its products while ensuring equal access to users from all over the world. Another set of values that Fitbit holds are creativity and innovation: the company is constantly working on its development to provide its clients with the most convenient options. Each new model is an improvement on the previous one, but there is also the possibility of upgrading older versions instead of replacing them. Not only was Fitbit the first to propose a wearable fitness-tracking device but it also remains the first in terms of pricing and quality. The company’s mission is to sustain its good reputation by guaranteeing high-quality products that enhance people’s well-being. Fitbit introduced a remarkable change to the world’s technology industry in 2007, and it intends to support this position through innovation, dedication, and the care with which it treats each customer. The Analysis of the Company’s Business Portfolio The current business portfolio of Fitbit is represented by a variety of wristband devices helping users to track their exercise, activity, weight, and sleep as well as suggesting other useful functions. Their most recent product – a waterproof smartwatch named Ionic – was presented in 2017. Ionic measures heart rate, sleep, steps, and floors climbed. It has a customizable appearance and a GPS and is waterproof. This is the most progressive device in the company’s business portfolio and it has evolved greatly since its creation. The first product offered by Fitbit was a classic clip-on activity tracker that could record the number of calories burned and steps taken daily. In 2013, the company produced its first wristband tracker, but it still did not have many functions. Compared to the first device, the only additional feature that the 2013 model had was the customizable appearance. Fitbit continued to improve, and the 2015 model of a wristband tracker already had such options as measuring heart rate and floors. It was
Urban planning is needed for facing the issue of the rapidly growing population, climate changes, as well as unsustainable manufacturing and consumption. Through the use of urban planning, it is possible to design, control, and manage the layout of the urban and suburban areas. Furthermore, it is possible to analyze the compatibility of land uses or negotiate the outcomes of such use; assess current trends with regards to environmental, social, and economic factors. The responsibilities of urban planners may vary between jurisdictions (sometimes they can vary even within the coverage of one jurisdiction). However, the key obligations are related to land use and regional planning, strategic urban planning, renewal and preservation of heritage, transportation, and environmental planning, economic development, urban design, and infrastructure planning. The key ramification for more rubber on the road is the reduction of cases of vehicle crashes due to its durability and safety. However, there are other reasons for why rubberized roads can be beneficial for urban planning. For example, a rubberized surface has noise reduction qualities. Apart from absorbing more sound, a rubberized road surface will be more environmentally friendly since it is often produced from scrap tires taken from landfill disposals. Moreover, rubberized road surfaces are much more cost-effective and could cost from thirty to fifty percent less to be produced compared to conventional asphalt surfaces. It requires less maintenance, which is another ramification for using more rubber on the roads. System Dynamics modeling is widely used by urban planners to get a better understanding of different behaviors and processes that occur within cities for extended time periods. System Dynamics models for urban planning can become significant components for predetermining future political decisions. For example, when such models reflect certain features of a city, they can be used as guides in urban planning policies. The extensions of System Dynamics models can also be used for resolving specific issues that concern the urban areas, like, for example, social integration or education. Lastly, system dynamics can provide urban planners with a better understanding of how different characteristics of the city interact and affect one another. Placemaking is a valuable approach for capitalizing on the assets of a local community in order to create public spaces for promoting health and overall wellbeing. With regard to urban planning, the concept of smart growth is also currently on the rise due to the need to reduce the impact of industrialization and ensure that cities are being developed in a ‘smart’ way. Placema