ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Issue Summary The number of domestic violence cases in the US, both reported and unreported, is significant. The government is responsible for mitigating possible adverse outcomes of such occurrences for victims. The funds facilitated by the state ensure that victims can be accommodated, protected, and can receive medical and mental health assistance. The recent decision of Trump’s administration to reduce the expenses for domestic violence victims from $480,000,000 to $40,000,000 in the next ten years endangers the victims because social services’ goal is to save their lives. Current Help Offered to Victims Currently, the state of domestic violence prevalence is characterized by several factors. FBI estimates that 900,000 to 3,000,000 domestic violence cases occur each year. Additionally, only 1% of cases are reported to the authorities. Both non-governmental (NGO) and governmental organizations deal with issues connected to domestic violence. The primary focus of the services that offer help to these victims is on ensuring that they are kept away from the perpetrators. These services are aimed at warranting that individuals can return to normal life:   * Accommodation   * Concealing   * Satisfaction of basic needs (food and clothes)   * Support groups   * Medical assistance   * Legal help   * Child services It is evident that establishments involved in guiding abuse victims take care of various aspects that are crucial for ensuring that victims are safe. It is worth noting that helping children overcome abuse is particularly difficult and requires additional attention. It is because their mental health is especially vulnerable to harassment. The components mentioned above need extensive financial investments because they support every aspect of a victim’s life. The Decrease in Finding and its Consequences It is crucial to understand the most victims of domestic violence are experiencing financial difficulties because they live below the poverty line. Minimizing the funding of organizations dealing with domestic violence would force the vulnerable population to return to abusers because they would be unable to support themselves. Additionally, this would cause health issues due to malnutrition and the inability to access medical services. Food stamps and Medicare will be the components of help most affected by Trump’s administration’s new strategy. Changes offered for the affordable housing program will result in a 14% decrease in funding. This would result in victims that are unable to receive shelter having to stay on the street or return to the abusive environment. It can be argued that police and non-governmental organizations will be unable to accommodate
When an architect begins to design a house, he/she should put into consideration new ways of thinking since every situation is different, varying with time, the place, and the clients. The client’s personality, social factors, new building technologies, and the site characteristics can merge to come up with a new approach. Architects and contractors consider many elements when coming up with the designs that they intend to construct for people. It is such considerations that enable them to develop interesting structures that are amazing to the eye and mind. Material use and form in Chilean architecture is of great concern to building contractors For example, In Chile, the process and time in which materials are selected in order to determine the design criteria clearly shows disparity in philosophy. Material selection in architectural design is a clear indication of its relationship with geography, its closeness to technological advancements and the scheme’s budget. With Chile’s new societal openness and new economy, the country’s architectural design experimentation has boomed. Architects find form in this nation through the use of reprocessed materials. Others make use of certain materials which are standardized to reduce costs associated with construction. There are others also who imitate local things as the foundation for developing innovative architectural styles. One of these extraordinary works of architecture is by a German called Del sol. His hotel ‘Remota’ is made up of a grass roofing and his design is based on agricultural outbuildings. The furrows of the hillside and the stretched out rectangles barns act as a basis or rather points for reference. Remota references so much to the local landscape because of Del Sol’s use of grass pastures to put together the roof. Just by the mere look of it, anybody would notice the extensive extent to which the hotel merges with the surroundings as it is displayed below. Del sol’s hotel. Casa Granero’s home is the other work of architecture worth examining in these Chilean south Lake District landscapes. This house’s design has been borrowed greatly from the local agricultural building. The design uses local unfinished forest wood to mélange with the surrounding forest. Casa Granero’s home. Lakeside house in Chile’s region IX looks like a minuscule castle made of bricks with a stone front wall. However, this is only an overture to a very expansive structure made of glass that puts its inhabitants directly into the heart of nature. Cristian’s Lakeside house. This combination of stone, steel, concrete and glass in the right proportions is the work
Government administrators operate to attract investments, jobs, and businesses to a particular location by offering monetary incentives, including subsidies and tax breaks to choose firms. However, I contemplate that the government should not offer incentives such as tax pauses to help sway corporations to establish shops in their zones. Financial incentives utilized in enticing industries emerge at taxpayers’ expense (AJ+, 2018). Régime officials may adore being proud of the memorable progress they generate when they exchange tax dollars for acquiring various jobs but ignore the results of the economic costs. Tax incentives generate market misrepresentations that make inhabitants inferior and abandon them with less money in their homes/pockets. While attempting to improve economic growth, government officials and politicians often apply subsidies and incentives. Tax incentives aim to attract different businesses to a nation by reducing incentive costs for corporations to function (AJ+, 2018). Subsidies are endowments, or the total amount of money governments offer to businesses to boost their businesses. There is a “race to the bottom” when cities compete since competitions stimulate tax reductions or relax regulations, and compromises other businesses to attract investments. The “race to the bottom” makes the central government incentives diverse since it pushes the government towards targeting only big businesses to receive more incentives (AJ+, 2018). The act impacts the areas that could enhance long-term competitiveness and productivity, such as education and public infrastructure investments. General incentives available to all businesses or industries are different from those targeted to individual companies since targeted businesses receive more incentives than other firms. In conclusion, incentives are better if they are connected to performance goals, such as offering special subsidies if a given company generates a specific number of occupations to motivate companies to create more jobs. Reference AJ+. (2018). Will Amazon help or hurt its next hometown? [Video]. YouTube. Web.
Introduction It may seem that the law-making process is rather simple and does not require much time and effort. However, it is the exact opposite, and there may be some problems during that process. The purpose of this paper is to identify the causes of congressional gridlock and propose a type of reform to break it. Also, two diagrams, one for the House of Representatives and one for the Senate, that show how a bill becomes law will be developed. Diagram of House of Representatives Diagram of Senate The Causes for Congressional Gridlock and the Solution to It One of the gridlock types may be political polarization – a situation when people from the government are divided into contrasting groups, and there are several reasons for that to happen. Firstly, there is a growing ethnic and racial diversity that contributes to the decline in social trust and the rise in political and social conflict (Blankenhorn). Secondly, the previous generation that had the mature character structure, willingness to sacrifice for the country, and concern for the country’s welfare is passing. The possible reform as a solution to the polarization may be starting voting, not for parties but policies. Works Cited Blankenhorn, David. “ The Top 14 Causes of Political Polarization. ” The American Interest . 2018. Web. Congress . United States Government, 2020. Web. “Congressional Committees: Crash Course Government and Politics #7.” YouTube , uploaded by CrashCourse. 2015. Web. United States House of Representatives . United States Government, 2020. Web.
Introduction This experiment aims to determine the presence of different polysaccharides in different food types. This experiment seeks to determine of the presence of beta-glucan and how its contents differs in several glucose polymers. The investigation also explores the role of beta lichenase in determining the beta-glucan content. The experiment determines the significance of standard procedures in determining the quantity of individual food constituents. Therefore, the experiment’s overall aim is to investigate some of the analytical methods used for plant-based food polysaccharides. Methods Procedure 1: Determination of amylose in potato starch Approximately 20 mg of potato starch sample was weighed into a 10 mL glass tube. 20 mg of three calibration standards were also weighed into separate 10 mL (0% amylose/100%, 25% amylose/75%, 50% amylose/50% amylopectin). Accurately, 2 mL of 2 M of NaOH was added to the samples and the standards. The tubes were capped and heated in a 95 degrees water bath while constantly shaking for 20 to 30 minutes. The samples were cooled, and 4 mL of deionized water was added with vortex mixing. 0.1 mL of each solution was taken and put into uncapped glass tubes, and 5 mL of 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was added to each glass tube. 0.05 mL of I 2 -KI solution was added (0.13% I 2 and 0.3% KI). The mixtures were incubated at room temperatures for 30 minutes. The absorbance of the samples was read at 620 nm against a water blank. The percentage amylose in the content was then calculated. Procedure 2: Determination of β-glucan in cereals The cereal samples were ground separately into flour using a pestle and mortar (approximately 2.0 g each). 100 mg of each sample was weighed into 15 mL centrifuge tubes. 0.2 mL of 50% ethanol was added to the tubes and swirled to mix. 4.0 mL of sodium phosphate buffer (20 mM, pH 4.0) was added and vortexed gently, and placed in a water bath for 60 seconds. The tube was vortexed moderately and was returned to the boiling water for another 2 minutes. The tube was removed out of the water bath and vortexed again. The tube was placed in a 50 degrees Celsius water bath to equilibrate. 0.4 mL of lichenase was added to the contents in the tube and swirled to mix. The tube was covered with parafilm and incubated at 50 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes. The contents of the tube were mixed 2-3 times during the incubation period. 5.0 mL of sodium acetate buffer (200mM, pH 4.0) was then vortexed and incubated at room temperatures for 5 minutes. The parafilm was removed, and the tube was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes. Two 0.1 mL aliquots of each sample were transferred to two clean test tubes. 0.1 mL of β-glucosidase was added to one of the tubes 0.1 ml of sodium acetate was added to another tube to act as a control. The tubes were then incubated at 50 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes. A glucose standard curve was prepared by addi
Abstract The current account deficit in the US rose more than expected in the fourth quarter of 2014 reaching US $ 113.5 billion according to the data released by the Commerce Department. The result negatively exceeded market expectations, which was being anticipated at $ 103.2 billion deficit according to analysts polled by “The Wall Street Journal”. The negative balance was US $ 113.5 billion between October and December. This data was corrected for seasonal variations, representing an increase of 14.8% over the previous quarter, while analysts expected only 4.7%. Current account deficit in the United States of America The current account deficit which represents 2.6% of US GDP reflects an imbalance between the US and the world in the exchange of goods and services as well as in primary incomes (salaries and investment income) as well as secondary (current transfers) income (Dalgin, 2013). This imbalance worsened in the fourth quarter of 2014 mainly due to an increase in the deficit on trade in goods which rose from US $ 181.1 billion to $ 185.2 billion in a single quarter according to ministry data.The deficit in the US current account fell to 98.89 billion dollars in the second quarter of 2013. These figures were announced by the Commerce Department. The number is less than the deficit of the first quarter, which was revised down to 104.9 billion dollars and eventually gave a whopping reading of 106.15 billion dollars (Dalgin, 2013). The result was worse than expected according to analysts who expected an even lower deficit between April and June whereby 97 billion dollars were registered. Within the current account, the income account recorded a surplus of 53.1 billion dollars in the second quarter. This was as a result of 50.9 billion dollars in the previous three months. So far, the US trade deficit is at the lowest point in three years and a half American BC has always announced alarming figures due to lack of withdrawal of stimulus. Unilateral transfers including US foreign aid to other countries and foreign workers of resources for families who live outside the country rose to 34.2 billion dollars between April and June 2014 compared to 33.1 billion dollars in the previous three months. This significantly contributed to the current account deficit. Maintaining a current account deficit requires the US government to attract large amounts of funding from abroad including China, or the dollar will lose its value. Private foreign purchases of treasuries – US Treasuries – exceeded sales with just $ 300 million in the second quarter, compared to a much larger surplus of 50.8 billion dollars in the previous quarter according to the Commerce Department. What experts say According to two chapters of the new World Economic Outlook report (‘World Economic Outlook’) released by the IMF, there has been an
Introduction/Method The practical field survey was in the Goat Island Bay and the two study sides were Echinoderm Reef and Waterfall Reef. Akin to the baseline survey carried out by Cumming (1980), the intent of this group effort was to carry out an atlas of one transect at each site (see Fig. 1 below), recording the occurrence of predicted species and others. and determining habitats or communities across the upper, middle and lower intertidal zone. Figure 1: Transect Along Water Fall Reff and Shore Profile (Low Tide) As in the pioneering effort by Cummings, six random sample quadrants (measuring 0.25m 2 in area) were drawn for a total of 18 samples in each study site. Within each quadrant, the common species were counted or, in the case of seaweed and moss, proliferation estimated as a percentage of the quadrant occupied. In general, the field practical covered some of the more systematic measures recommended in the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (n.d.) ‘Marine Nature Conservation Review’ form. The recording standard for ‘Littoral Habitat (Detailed)’ includes, as this survey did, height limits and bands, zones, seabed inclination, main characterising taxa, and self-admitted survey quality (JNCC, n.d.), besides providing an exhaustive checklist of species that might be found. Findings Just six classes of organisms were found in the Echinoderm area (see Table 1 below). On the other hand, the exposed greywacke characteristic of the Waterfall portion of the reserve lends itself to a slightly greater variety of classes. Table 1: Main Taxa in the Two Areas Surveyed ECHINODERM                        WATERFALL                                  Bivalves         Mollusks         Actinopterygii   Ray-finned fish           Florideophyceae  Red algae        Demospongiae     Sponges                   Gastropod        Snails, limpets  Echinoidea       Sea urchins, sand dollars Maxillopoda      Crustacean       Florideophyceae  Red algae                 Phaeophyceae     Brown algae      Gastropod        Snails, limpets           Polyplacophora   Chiton mollusks  Maxillopoda      Crustacean                                                  Phaeophyceae     Brown algae                                                 Polyplacophora   Chiton mollusks                                             Rhodophyceae     Red algae                  In general, the Waterfall area supports more classes since ray-finned fish, sponges, and Echinoidea were found only here. The more quantitative aspect of species count within class is revealed in Fig. 2 below. This shows that Waterfall Reff is more diverse in point of hosting not just one but two species of Rhodophyceae (versus none at Echinoderm, three Maxillopoda species (versus two), and four times more bivalve mollusc species. Figure 2: Species Count, Within Class On the other hand, both areas host about the same number of Gastropod species. In both cases, as Fig. 3 below strongly supports, biodiversity in point of discrete taxa is greatest in the middle level, 12.5 to 15.5 metres from the waterline at low t
Introduction Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself” can be discussed as the extended poetic meditation and reflection in relation to the role of an individual in the world and the relations of humans with nature. “Song of Myself” consists of fifty-two sections which are combined with the help of the main theme and style. In spite of the fact that Whitman discusses a lot of important questions in his poem, all the presented issues are closely associated with the theme of the human’s unique connection with nature as the main force in the world. The author’s wisdom and devotion to each element of nature despite its size and significance are also reflected in Section 31 of “Song of Myself”. Whitman’s poetry unites the principles of Romanticism, Realism, and Transcendentalism, and characteristic features of these movements can be observed with references to Whitman’s “Song of Myself”. The role of nature in the people’s lives and the role of an individual in the natural world is one of the main themes in Whitman’s poetry that is why Section 31 of “Song of Myself” is connected in its theme and style not only with the other parts of the poem but also with the other poet’s works which are similar regarding the Transcendental ideas. Main Body The main idea and theme of Section 31 are represented in the first line of the first stanza. Thus, Whitman states, “I believe a leaf of grass is no less than the journey-work of the stars” (Whitman 1). This statement is the presentation of the poet’s idea that the smallest elements of nature can have enormous effects on the whole life of the world and on an individual. Whitman focuses on ‘a leaf of grass’ as the symbolic reflection of his opinion, and this symbol appears in the other parts of “Song of Myself” as well as the complete work which includes the discussed poem is also named Leaves of Grass . The image of grass as the symbol of growth can be observed in several parts of “Song of Myself”, and these references help unite the large work into a single piece connected by the single idea. Furthermore, it is also important to focus on a leaf of grass’ as the symbolic representation of a man in the world. Thus, one leaf of grass can affect the whole natural development when one person is also important for the progress of the whole society (Bohan 14-18). That is why the symbol of ‘a leaf of grass’ in relation to the main theme of the work can be discussed from many perspectives. The main idea of
Introduction Death is the process through which the normal functioning of the body is terminated. Some of the causes of death include accidents and disease infections. Many societies put a lot of concentrations on the aspect of death. Dead bodies are treated with a lot of respect in many societies. The body is taken care of and disposed as per the traditions. This is because if the people go against the traditions, the spirit of the dead person will come back and haunt them. In some cases, some people left will before death. The burial ceremony should follow the dead person’s instructions. In some societies killing another person was very bad and people feared committing murder. This is because the spirit of the person came back to the murderer and tortured him. After death, people join the spiritual world. In the Egyptian Religion, belief in life after death was very strong. Upon the death of Pharaoh, he was buried together with his properties as well as slaves who could continue serving him after death. They believed that death was the beginning of a new life in a new world. The Pharaoh was a mediator between the Egyptians and their God (Haddow 157). Discussion The process through which death occurs has for a long time been a major concern of many religions as well as philosophers. For instance, in many traditional religions, death must have a cause. In African traditional religions, the power of magic like sorcery can cause death. They had traditional witch doctors that had the power to cure illnesses caused by witches and sorcerers. In many religions across the world, people belief in life after death and also being born again in the world after an individual. Some people belief that after people dies, their spirits enter into unborn children and they are born again through that child. In this case, they believe that the new born child will posses the same characteristics like that person. In many African societies, children are named after their ancestors as an indication that their ancestors are still living and should be remembered. The issue of life after death has been a great debate in the scientific field as scientists have not been in a position to determine whether or not there is life after death. However, religions like Christianity strongly belief in life after death (Haddow 177). The concept of life after death is defined differently by different people. Different religions also have their own ways of defining the concept. There is a belief that the concept was coined by intelligent people who saw the need of people having something to hope for after death which marks the end of human life. Life after death is the belief in the continuation of life after death. Some people hold the belief that if an individual’s behavior is good and attends church services, then the person will go to heaven. On the other hand, rude and disobedient people are believed to join hell after