ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Social constructs mold the behavior of individuals to a great extent. The Hiding Place is a description of the societal constructs that had molded the beliefs and actions of Corrie and her family and they had ultimately triumphed over hatred and won the healing power of forgiveness. The book exemplifies the triumph of God’s teachings over human psychological actions and reactions to a situation. The story is a memoir of the toils that the protagonists went through but remained true to their beliefs and endeavors. This essay captures the social-psychological issues demonstrated in the book and the social constructs that had been ingrained in the characters to make them behave the way they did. The essay will provide a brief summary of the book followed by an analysis of the book on the basis of the social psychological theories in order to demonstrate how religion and religious beliefs influenced individual actions ch
Introduction Despite the fact that the global health platform has fully embraced the concept of Electronic Health Records (EHR) in the management of patient information, Saudi Arabia still lags behind on the same. One of the reasons that has been attributed to the failure of many Saudi Arabian hospitals to take up EHRs is the lack of a centralized health care system. It can be argued that patient privacy and health information security in Saudi Arabia are a non-issue. According to Ash and Bates, Saudi Arabia faces major barriers that affect its ability to take up technological advances in health (8). Literature Review Electronic Health Records have become a critical data management system for many hospitals in the first world countries. Carter explains that the main purpose of the EHRs is to manage patient data effectively and securely (4). The importance of the EHRs, therefore, emanates from the importance of securing patient information. Wang et al. go further and explain that the EHRs have multi-functional capabilities that ensure proper and quality service provision to the patients (399). Indeed, past research shows that investing in EHRs have allowed hospitals to streamline patient care through easy access to patient information when, and as, needed. Additionally, communication between the different health care professionals, who see a patient, is made easier and clearer (Swartz 23). Research has shown that EHRs are better than manual paper medical records due to omissions, miscommunication, delays and even misplacements (Coffey 54), all of which are averted in EHRs. Another major advantage of EHRs is that they support e-Health, a component that has revolutionized the medical field. Despite the advantages, many countries, including Saudi Arabia, find it difficult to adopt and implement EHRs. Some of the reasons that have been given as t
Abstract The common characteristics of children having Down syndrome are their intellectual disability. All children born with this condition will experience some delays in their development and later some learning disabilities. The disorder is the most widespread chromosomal defect and is the source of brain disability in young children. In fact, young children with this condition attend schools and the major concern is how they cope with such disabilities while in school. Down syndrome is not the only cause of intellectual disability. However, the paper will primarily focus on children with Down syndrome and the manner in which they cope with their learning experiences or situations. That is, how they deal with issues such as access to education materials, accommodations, adjustments or modifications that are needed to support their learning activities. The findings are that children with Down syndrome experience delay in almost all areas of development. In addition, they have physical and mental challenges compared to normal students. Generally, children with Down syndrome have difficulties accessing education materials and socializing with other students as a result of deficiency in their cognitive development, making their accommodation difficult in mainstream schools. Introduction This paper will specifically talk about Kim, a level two student suffering from Down syndrome. Down syndrome has been found to be one of the major causes of intellectual disability especially in young children. The reason is that the condition has a profound effect on the general development and growth of Kim together with her experiences at school. Kim’s case will be used to generalize the problem children with Down syndrome are facing especially in schools as well as in their academic life. Down syndrome is a genetic condition that is believed to be the major cause of intellectual disability in young children (Piek, 2006). According to Piek (2006), it is also indicated that Down syndrome is the most common form of mental retardation in young children. Moreover, Down syndrome is one of the childhood disorders with known etiology. Coping with intellectual disabilities at schools is quite challenging. Initially, young children with intellectual disabilities such as Kim were normally segregated and transferred to special schools or specially treated (Shaddok, 2000). However, the exclusion of young children with intellectual disability from the mainstream society has been found to have advertent effect on the general development of young children with intellectual disability (Broer et al., 2005). Currently, players in education are encouraged to include children with disabilities within their mainstream classes in order to drive away the notion and the feeling of separation of children with intellectual disability from the rest of their class. According to traditional definition of Down syndrome (IDEA as cited in Heward 2002, p. 186), mental retardation is “significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning existing in concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during develop
The Peer Review Practice Used Every healthcare unit has to comply with major requirements concerning patients’ safety and quality of services provided. Peer review is one of the practices that ensures quality as well as the pursuit of self-development. The American Nurses Credentialing Center regards the peer review practice as a way to increase professionalism through the promotion of “self-regulation of the practice” (Haag-Heitman & George, 2011, p. 48). However, peer review practice has to be efficient to achieve the goals set. Our hospital has quite an ineffective practice that is often seen as a waste of time by many nursing professionals. The performance of four nurses is evaluated each month. The nurses are chosen randomly, and each is given certain scores based on such categories as documentation and communication. Nursing professionals assess records of those under analysis. The way the nurses collaborate with other healthcare professionals is also evaluated. Notably, the reviews are anonymous. Those who provide their reviews complete brief reports, which are later analyzed by an assigned person. The nurses receive scores (up to 20). The nursing professionals who get the highest scores receive some benefits the following month. Those who receive very low scores have to provide self-evaluation report as well as an improvement plan. However, the practice is inefficient as it often leads to the unhealthy atmosphere. Many nurses claim that assessments are often biased or made improperly as many factors are not taken into account. Furthermore, some professionals are reluctant to improve their performance after the evaluation. They complete the necessary reports and plans but never follow them. The existing peer review practice impairs employees’ motivation as well. Possible Improvements Clearly, this model has to be changed significantly. The ANCC provides its vision on the implementation of the Magnet model ( Magnet model , 2015). Importantly, the Magnet program is aimed at the ongoing improvements of healthcare practices. Every hospital seeks to obtain the recognition within the program. The model mentioned is based on such concepts as transformational leadership, structural empowerment, exemplary professional practice, innovations & improvement and empirical outcomes ( Magnet model , 2015). Leadership Leadership is among the required skills for a nursing professional (Hain & Fleck, 2014). Therefore, each nurse should be ready to implement the change as well as articulate the need for change. Haag-Heitmanand and George (2010) stress that the change should not necessarily come from the administration. When it comes to peer review, it can be beneficial to have a change agent or an initiative group that would start the process. It is essential to make the employees understand that peer review is a valuable practice that will improve each nurse’s performance. In the case of our hospital, employees should understand that improved practice will help them complete their tasks in a more professional way. Struc
The Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO) is one of the most successful and significant oil companies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) which operates in the region since 1930s. The company is discussed as the largest producer of oil in the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) group. The ADCO contributes significantly to the economy of Abu Dhabi and other Emirates because of constantly developing and improving the approaches to oil production in the region. Thus, the ADCO operates onshore, and its share in the industry is more than 50% (Wildcat Publishing 40). The activities of the ADCO are not limited only by the oil production, and the company is interested in producing gas for Abu Dhabi (“Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations”). The ADCO is the most influential player in the oil and gas industry of the UAE that is why much attention should be paid to the discussion of the business’s strategy, description of organization’s divisions, analysis of the role of the management information systems (MIS) division, to performing the Value Chain and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, and to proposing the recommendations for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness. The ADCO Business Focus and Porter’s Three Generic Strategies In order to discuss the specifics of the ADCO’s business focus or strategy, it is necessary to determine the company’s business type. The ADCO is focused on the oil and gas production. Since the 1960s, the company produced more than 10 billion barrels of oil and a lot of gas in order to support the activities of such companies as GASCO (Wildcat Publishing 40). From this point, the company is oriented to increasing production volumes and improving the operation strategies. The company’s business focus can be determined with the help of referring to Porter’s Three Generic Strategies. These strategies are used to determine how a company can develop a strategy in order to achieve the competitive advantage within the industry. Strategies differ in relation to the market scope which can be broad and narrow or focused and in relation to the cost (Baltzan and Phillips 98). As a result, companies can choose between proposing lower cost and differentiation. Furthermore, companies can choose to work for the narrow market while addressing the unique needs of the target audience. From this point, the three proposed strategies are the Cost Leadership, Differentiation, and Focused Strategy (Figure 1). Figure 1. Porter’s Three Generic Strategies (Baltzan and Phillips 99). The ADCO can be discussed as following the cost leadership strategy because of operating within the broad market and proposing different types of oil and gas products in the UAE. Furthermore, the ADCO operates with the focus on low costs while developing new approaches to saving costs and guaranteeing the effective use of resources. The ADCO focuses on more profits while promoting the most advantageous reservoir development and decreasing
Table 1: Profitability ratios                         Premier Investments Limited  David Jones Limited Key ratios              2010                         2011                 2010    2011   Profitability ratios   Gross profit margin     59.09%                       59.51%               39.73%  39.11% Net profit margin       16.11%                       9.54%                12.11%  12.62% Return on Equity        9.24%                        4.35%                22.91%  21.45% Return on assets        9.81%                        5.72%                20.81%  20.39% Asset turnover (Times)  0.61                         0.60                 1.72    1.62    Gross profit margin is the ratio of gross profit to sales in percentage form. This ratio shows a business’s ability to control sales expenditure. In figure 1 above, premier investments are more profitable than David Jones limited. Premier Investments limited profit increased marginally by 0.42 percent from 2010 figures. The 2011 figure of 59.51 percent indicates that 40.49 percent of sales revenue was consumed by cost sales with only 59.51 percent as the gross profit. However, David Jones recorded negative profitability of 0.62 percent from its 2010 figures due to its renewal of AMP lease, financial crisis and pending legal claims against the company. Net profit margin represents a company’s earnings after tax plus interest divided by sales expressed as a percentage. This ratio indicates a firm’s ability in controlling financing obligations- interest charges. From table 1 above, David Jones was more excellent in managing its expenses than Premier Investments limited. Specifically, for Premier Investments, in 2010, much of its expenditures (83.87 percent) were due to financial, operating expenses and cost of sales with only 16.11 percent as net profit. In 2011, expenditure increased by 6.59 percent, while net profit decreased by 6.57 percent as a result of acquisitions and restructuring of loss-making branches. In 2010, David Jones’s expenses consumed 87.89 percent of its total sales. This was attributed to the impact of the financial crisis, heavy discounting and promotional activities and finally the opening of more branches. In 2011, expenditure decreased by 0.51 percent with a net profit increment of 0.51. Premier Investments in 2010, recorded a higher profit (16.11 percent) due to the firm’s good cost control practices. Return on equity (ROE) is a ratio of net profit to equity expressed as a percentage. It shows the profitability return of equity capital invested by shareholders. From table 1 above, under David Jones limited, one shilling investment gave a better return than Premier Investment limited. In 2010 estimates, under David Jones, a shilling of equity invested generated 0.229 profits attributable to ordinary shareholders. However, during 2011, this contribution was reduced to 0.214. Under Premier Investments 2010, a shilling of equity invested generated 0.0924 profits at
How categorizing addiction as a biological disease affects the way it is treated Notably, addiction is a critical condition of the body’s systems. This is described by the biological theory and other relevant theories endeavoring to explain this phenomenon. Categorizing the condition as a biological disease dictates the remedial, counseling, and therapeutic measures that can be taken against the concerned addiction. The situation requires an elaborated understanding of the biological make-up and disparities of the concerned addict. This incorporates the aspects of gender where males and females possess varying biological constitutions that might affect the prescribed treatments in the realms of addiction. This is an important consideration when scrutinized critically in the contexts of drug abuse. Precisely, it is evident that a person’s biological constitution influences his or her receptivity, levels, and rates through which one can be addicted to a particular drug or substance (Peele & Alexander, 2012). Additionally, it also influences one’s response towards the prescribed treatments in this regard. Since addicts tend to develop ‘tolerance’ to the effects of the drugs consumed, some changes occur in their nervous systems to counter the biological effects fronted by the drug/substance involved. The extent of this phenomenon can actually affect the way the victim can be treated. The biological withdrawal symptoms can be very severe hence demanding advanced treatment procedures. Therefore, categorizing addiction as a biological complication can actually influence the nature, level, and frequency of the proposed treatment prescription. The age of the first substance use and the development of addiction Accordingly, various sources indicate that the age at which one starts taking drugs and the frequency of the intake can actually influence the development of addiction and the withdrawal possibilities. This is quite critical when considered in the addiction’s context. Individuals who start abusing drugs at tender ages can actually develop addiction faster compared to the aged individuals. Additionally, their susceptibility, metabolic rates/operations, and other relevant factors can actually promote the withdrawal efforts (Brady, Back & Greenfield, 2009). Thus, it is evident that the age of the first substance’s use can actually influence the addiction development. Concurrently, adults whose systems have started ‘deteriorating’ might find it helpful to use a particular drug in order to boost their biological and bodily demands. Evidently, since the body develops mechanisms to counter the effects fronted by a particular drug, upon wi
Atlantic City is a famous coastal city in New Jersey characterized by its beaches and developed entertainment industry. Atlantic City is a great city that provides an opportunity to grasp the whole place without spending a lot of time on the road since the city is relatively small in both size and population. Thus, the best place to get around the city is on foot or by car, which is why bus stops are empty most of the time. However, the transportation system is well-developed, providing bus and taxi services; trams are closed until further notice. The most popular way to explore the city is to go through the boardwalk. Here are five of the eight local casinos, many hotels, recreation centers, and shops. Local shops are tourist-oriented and provide a wide variety of souvenirs and vintage goods such as books and wine. Since Atlantic City is a city located near the ocean, many local restaurants specialize in seafood. The ability to enjoy local cuisine with fresh products makes this place unforgettable and unique. The prevalent part of the population of Atlantic city consists of African-Americans and white people. Since Atlantic City is small, it seems like fewer people should be seen. However, because this city is so close to the ocean and rife with casinos, there are a lot of tourists flowing to this city. People of all ages can be observed in this place, from seniors, wearing floral t-shirts to the youth, working out at the beaches. The flow of tourists is especially notable during warm seasons. Most of the city’s attractions are somehow tied to the boardwalk. The Atlantic City Historical Museum is located on the corner of the Boardwalk and New Jersey Avenue. On the corner of the boardwalk, there is a monument to Monopoly, dedicated to the most popular board game in the world. Along the boardwalk are the piers, each of which has its entertainment. On the Steel Pier, there is an entertainment park with slides, games, and catering eateries. Together with the Atlantic City Art Center, the Garden Pier is known as the center of culture and art. Hence, though Atlantic City is small in size and population, it remains an important tourist destination. People of all ages flow to this place to enjoy both casinos and beaches. Local shops and restaurants are customized to the needs of the visitors, offering unique cuisine and goods.
Budgeting is one of the most effective methods of organizing government activities. It helps decision-makers estimate and predict their expenditures and revenues to accomplish strategic tasks (Kasdin, 2017). To control adequate budget execution, various departments are demanded to submit performance reports monthly, quarterly, or annually. The former often implies that the administrative bodies are restricted to use one-twelfth of their yearly budget every month. Some managers find such a system highly beneficial as it ensures equal cost distribution during a year, while others argue that this decision harms their departments’ performance due to inadequate match with the expenses. Thus, this essay seeks to discuss why certain departments support the usage of one-twelfth of their annual budget each month, and others oppose that strategy. Moreover, the paper argues that managers should consider the unit’s actual performance to address the methods’ disadvantages. Having budgetary control reports with each month representing one-twelfth of the overall budget further increases the ability to organize one’s activity. Under such a system, managers enjoy constant expenditures each month, which protects their departments from spending all the resources unthoughtfully before the end of the year. Moreover, it motivates decision-makers to reduce expenditures as they cannot use additional resources for the operations from other months. One of the government bodies that would enjoy this system is the Department of Health and Human Services. Contrary, such departments as the Ministry of Agriculture would be harmed from using one-twelfth of the annual budget each month due to seasonality, which means that their costs are distributed unequally throughout the year. Therefore, some months in the year would certainly be associated with unfavorable budget variances, which, for instance, can significantly affect the department’s performance assessment. For this reason, decision-makers must identify each department’s special activities and develop a system that would recognize seasonality and unequal distribution of the costs. Overall, the current essay analyzed the current opposing views concerning the monthly restrictions to use one-twelfth of the annual budget. It was found that the difference in work specifics of various departments is the main reason determining the perception of the system mentioned above. The departments that have their expenditures equally distributed are prone to support it, whereas those who do not – hold opposing views. Therefore, it was argued that decision-makers should recognize these differences and adapt the budget usage accordingly. Reference Kasdin, S. (2017). An evaluation framework for budget reforms: A guide for assessing public budget systems and selecting budget process reforms. International Journal of Public Administration, 40 (2), 150-163.