ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Scientific Revolution can be enumerated among the greatest achievements by the humanity during the whole course of the history. It changed the whole perception of the world around us, and established new tendencies in social, economical and political developments. The period of the Scientific Revolution became the time when science became more significant in people’s life that religion which was never possible before. Such considerable change led to the new way of thinking spread among people including atheism and pursuing materialistic values rather than spiritual ones. Overall, evaluating the situation it should be stated that the Scientific Revolution helped humanity achieve incredible progress in different areas including biology, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, physics, and chemistry which made it possible for people to break free form the chains that the Church put on them. First, speaking about the Scientific Revolution, it is important to give a definition to this important development in human life. The Scientific Revolution can be explained as a historic phenomenon which occurred between The Enlightenment and the beginning of industrialization in the end of the eighteenth century. The main characteristic of this period is unprecedented development in the area of science including such branches of science as biology, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, physics, and chemistry. Among the key figures of the Scientific Revolution were Nicolaus Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Giordano Bruno, Isaac Newton, René Descartes, and Francis Bacon. Nicolaus Copernicus was a great mathematician whose counting enabled him to acquire the true understanding on the world’s organization. He realized that the Earth is not the center of the Universe or the space as it was stated by the Catholic Church. This important finding became central in changing people’s understanding of the world around them. According to Tarnas (248), ‘more than any other single factor, it was the Copernican insight that provoked and symbolized the drastic, fundamnetal break from the ancient and medieval universe to that of the modern era’. Copernicus’ work was continued by the efforts of Galileo Galilei who was not afraid to die for his scientific findings and the triumph of truth. Galileo Galilei realized that the Earth was not a flat and motionless platform put on some visible pillars as it was taught by the Catholic Church. ‘With Galileo telescope, the heliocentric theory could no longer be considered merely a computational convenience’ (Tarnas 259). This ingenious finding became the reason of putting him to the list of heretics by the Church, and public execution by being burnt alive. Giordano Bruno had a similar lot in life: he ‘was burnt at the stake in 1600’ (Tarnas 253). The revelations of similar importance were offered to humanity by Isaac Newton, René Descartes, and Francis Bacon whose names will have eternal glory through generations as ‘the birth of modern era’ was able due to their efforts (T
Introduction At the present day, mass media is perceived as not only the mean of communication with the help of which the transferring of information is realized, but also as the tool that aims to defend interests of a person, society and a government. This tendency is determined by the necessity to support such social values as freedom of expression, political pluralism, freedom of thought, and intellectual liberty. It is possible to define several main functions performed by mass media. They are accumulation and distribution of information, selection of information, shaping of public opinion, and amplification of culture. Background of the country In Poland, changes in social and political system took place simultaneously with the principal reorganization of the legislation that dealt with mass media. The association of Poland to the European Union made a great influence on the legislative acts that regulated the activity of mass media in Poland. In this regard, there were adopted many constituent acts that dealt with copyright protection, mass media, and television. A great impact on the Polish mass media landscape was made by the changes that had taken place after the countrys rejection from communism in 1989. This period was characterized by the transformation of state mass media into public broadcasting services. The new legal regulation was enshrined in the Constitution adopted in1997. Article 54 of the Constitution states that the Republic of Poland secures the liberty of press and other means of societal communication. Moreover, the same article guarantees to everyone “the freedom to express opinion, to acquire and to disseminate information” ( The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 nd April, 1997, n.d., para.115). There appeared articles in the Constitution that viewed “the National Council of Radio Broadcasting and Television” ( The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 nd April, 1997, n.d., para.251) as the main governmental body that was responsible for the electronic mass media. The contemporary media landscape in Poland is characterized with a wide range of media platforms such as television, radio, films, print media, and social media. Each media platform has its own opportunities and restrictions. In the latter days on the Polish media market there is a tendency for transmission of the traditional forms to the contemporary digital media. Digital media platforms are being gradually integrated into the media market of Poland. Such forms as television, press, and advertising are characterized by the transition on online versions, mobile and social media. Technologies and media Print media Now there are more than 5000 titles of public periodicals in Poland. Polish print publications have some peculiar features that are typical for this country. Most of newspapers are published in a form of a thick notebook. Most of them, exclusive of small regional newspapers, are printed in color. There are many personal announcements in periodicals, which are considered as indicators of a newspapers popularity. In spite of the fact that there are some newspapers published political parties, the majority o
In a study by Beulen, et al (2006), Virgin Mobile is an upcoming first growing company that runs mobile telephone services within the telecommunication industry. It was founded in 1999 and is presently a fully Virgin Group’s subsidiary. The company prides in having its customers being able to both shop in about 6000 retail outlets in the UK and purchase the company’s services through the internet and cell phones. The company has already penetrated the Australian and American markets and plans are underway to get into Canada. In addition, its aim is to provide full fledged services at affordable prices. Virgin Mobile allows its customers to only pay for the actual use of their services and does not provide them with subscription services. It does not only focus on wider markets, but is also customer oriented. Rather than introducing new services in the market, the company aims at improving on what is already being provided. With such strategies in place, the company has managed to reach millions of subscribers in the UK apart from being the fastest growing mobile provider globally. A strategy that is keep the company in the changing and ever growing market is outsourcing business processes that can well handled by partners and outside suppliers. Presence of numerous contractors enables the company to respond accordingly to changes in market and hence enabling it to locate and hire required employees. It is headquartered at Trowbridge and has its marketing departments in London. Between 2003 and 2006, the company was ranked the best provider of both prepaid and customer care services. Orange, Vodafone, 02 and T- Mobile are Virgin Mobile Australia’s key rivals (Virgin Mobile Australia, 2010). Virgin Mobile Australia’s Marketing Strategies In a study by Jaray (2006), Virgin Mobile Australia has devised the following marketing tactics for its products: Product Collateral (Brochures) Through this strategy, the company is able to put a list of its available services on brochures. Explanations of how those services operate are made in an elaborate and simple manner. This enables customers to read them on their own at their own time. Through this, they can be reminded of the products, make choices and change where necessary. Advertising Virgin Mobile Australia engages in different forms of advertising such as through both print and electronic media to either remind customers of the existing services or to introduce a new service. The website Given that most of its customers are up keeping with the advancement in technology, the company uses the website to reach out to both potential and existing clients to keep them informed about the features of its services and any changes. In a study by Informa Healthcare (2005), Virgin Mobile has launched the following additional strategies to increase marketability of its services: Simplicity Virgin Mobile’s success in the US has been attributed to its simplistic approach. The company begins by taking note of areas of customer strain as outli
Introduction With the current technological advancement, the number of internet websites and their users has increased significantly. Many people create different web pages for various purposes such as trading, teaching and learning. Scholars in the education sector have launched numerous sites to aid in the learning and teaching of different subjects. The Learn English website from the British Council is the most used website in the language-learning sector. It consists of stories, grammar exercises, games, and listening activities that help learners acquire knowledge of the English language. The site is vital in equipping students with the required skills for academic and creative writing. In addition, teachers and parents can use the site to ease the English learning process of students. Evaluation of the Website The content of Learn English website is credible, accurate, organized, and consistent to help learners in systematic study. The website contains all the relevant information about its authors. The information is grammatically correct, as well as objective. Since the basis of an incredible educational website is content, the website qualifies as a reliable source of information on all matters relating to English. In addition, the technical aspects of the site such as navigation, accessibility, and visual appearance appeal to learners, thus enhancing the understanding of English. However, the website creates impersonal teaching and is only accessible to learners with the required gadgets that may be rather expensive. Despite the issue, learners benefit from the site due to the readily available information accessible from different resources. Learners are also able to interact with students from other institutions via the website as it draws worldwide learners and scholars of the English subject. The website allows students to engage in the learning process outside the classroom, as they only require the internet and internet accessing devices. The games and stories available in the site make the learning process enjoyable, fun, and interactive for learners. This observation shows the significant benefits of the Learn English website to learners.
Research has shown that some of the most common phenomena in business and business management also double up as the most confounding. This is because, for instance, when a major change occurs in a certain business, they often do not respond accordingly. Many business people will tend to view the problem as one that paralyses the business. What they fail to understand, according to one Donald Sull is that the real problem facing them is called active inertia (Donald and Martin, 2006.) Active inertia is the tendency of a certain organisation to insist on following methods that have been tested and have proven to work well for them. They, therefore, persist in the tested patterns of comportment or behaviour. When starting, many leading establishments succeed because of their well laid down and highly competitive formula which many a times is a perfect combination of winning strategies, ethics, relationships and specific processes that differentiate them from the crowd making them unique. With all these in place, any business is destined to prosper and become the leader in the specific field of speciality (Howard 2004). A major problem, however, occurs that baffles even the biggest of businesses leading to their failure. This problem is the change in the
The Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) in Boston is one of the most prominent exhibit sites. However, there are some issues that it faced at the time the case study report was issued. The MFA made several attempts to reconsider its strategies and create new marketing goals that would boost its development and popularity. However, some of the ideas appeared to be quite controversial, as visitors found several exhibits to be different from the museum’s original direction. Restructuring organization and services is a must for the MFA’s competitive advantage. Key Challenges The primary challenge facing the MFA is the gradual decrease in the number of visitors. After the 1990s, which had been a time of art’s popularity in American society, the industry fell under the series of adverse economic events. The terrorist attacks of 9/11, combined with the stock market collapse, caused the people’s inability to spend money on entertainment. However, the number of visitors has been falling ever since. Besides, the MFA experienced a shortage of sponsors. Many private corporations that used to have their headquarters in Boston were bought by larger companies based in other states. The MFA lost contact with decision-makers of those organizations, which made the fundraising task more difficult. Target Markets Since the MFA is a museum, it presents interest to the two groups of customers: local and tourist visitors. Each group has both similar and different requirements. Tourists tend to visit the MFA on purpose, as they often plan their trip and are unlikely to make changes on the go. Local citizens view museums as a place for spending a weekend. Both groups include people who seek the art experience specifically, sometimes with scholarly interest and those who perceive the MFA as a commonplace for entertainment. This fact sometimes causes varying opinions regarding exhibitions that do not fall under the concept of fine arts. Value Equation In my opinion, the value equation that the MFA provides includes the customer service combined with the quality of artworks, all of which are divided by the price quantity. Art is the primary service item that attracts visitors, so it must be unique and present educational and self-developmental interest. Since this museum is a very large place, it must offer proper navigation and infrastructure for people to feel comfortable. Finally, the price has to be affordable to a wide range of people. While museums like the MFA go through high expenses on internal processes, they should attract enough visitors to maintain optimal revenues. Recom
Katherine Anne Porter is an American writer of the beginning of the 20th century. She was a woman of diverse interests who managed to balance between her careers in writing, journalism, and even politics. Her career of a writer started in the 1920s with the story “Maria Concepcion”. In 1928 she wrote the story “Rope” which is, like most of her stories, based on her personal experience. This short story is notable for its use of free indirect conversation which represents a variety of points of view of the protagonist(s), and comic, sometimes sarcastic, narration. The extract under analysis is from the story “Rope” by Katherine Anne Porter. It is full of various stylistic devices and graphic means, such as different kinds of repetition, beat, tropes and interesting vocabulary. The text under consideration is a third-person narration. An extract can be divided into four logical parts where a young married couple is having a disagreement: firstly, there comes the information about the squeezed eggs; secondly, protagonists try to find out the reason for the crash; thirdly, a reader can observe helplessness and frustration of the protagonist; and, finally, overwhelming anger is possible to observe due to the skillful use of stylistic devices. Stylistic devices such as repetition were used to emphasize certain elements in the mind of the reader. Several kinds of repetition can be found in the excerpt under analysis. They are anadiplosis (as in “…look, look, look” (1)), anaphora (for instance, “Squeezed, who had squeezed them” (3)), epanalepsis (such as “… it seemed to him they might very well cook the meat at the same time they cooked the eggs and the warm up the meat for tomorrow” (14-16)), epistrophe in such sentences as “Warmed-over meat, when they might as well have had it fresh. Second best and scraps and makeshifts, even to the meat!” (16-17) and “…could surely manage somehow when she turned on him and said, if he told her they could manage somehow she would certainly slap his face” (20-21), and alliteration as in “…whole wide world to witness” (7-8). Sometimes the same phrases can serve as both, repetition and a conjunction pattern. Three different kinds of conjunction patterns can be found in the extract under consideration. Thus, for instance, syndeton can be observed in the sentences “He had carried the rope in one hand and the basket in the other” (8-9) and “This time she hissed and almost clawed” (19). Polysyndeton can be found in the following sentences: “Second best and scraps and makeshifts” (17) and “…he would rub her shoulder and she would arch and purr” (18-19). And lastly, asyndeton is also present in the extract. It can be observed in two sentences: “…she was a little disappointed about the coffee, and oh, look, look, look at the eggs!” (1), as well as in the sentence “That was the heaviest thing in the pack, she saw him plainly when he came in from the road, the rope was a big package on top of everything” (6-7). Punctuation also plays
The American Family is being under scrutiny as it is largely believed within academe that it is dysfunctional. There are various explanations and attempts at explaining where the problem lies. In this regard, there seems to be a convergence, roughly speaking, on the idea that the US family is loosely organized because of the cultural significance Americans put on individuality and independence. In what follows an examination of the issue along this particular line. It seems that the American families are under strain because there is a lack of a normative structure that would provide the parents with the necessary tools to orient their families. Phyllis McGingley (1968) traces and the current state of the American family to the ancestry. She contends that “Young parents today are like the pioneers alone in a wilderness, threatened by uncertainties, no rules but the ones they make themselves”. The ancestors already lost the European norms of running families which were mostly patriarchal when they landed in their new homeland America. Therefore, the origin of the current state of the American family is old. The newly acquired liberty in the new land-America made the notion of freedom an overriding concept over norms. Hence, liberty has ever since been more valued than any social norm or custom be it religion, custom, or common opinion (McGingley, 1968). This was further enhanced by the fact that families were organized as nuclear families. The Pioneers were not having any grandfathers or older siblings, having moved to the new continents alone. The format of the
Introduction The piece of art under analysis is Migration North , figures carved from wood by an American folk artist Elijah Pierce in 1976 (see figure 1 and figure 2). Currently, both figures can be seen at the Columbus Museum of Art, where the greater part of Pierce’s heritage is exhibited. The figures have a biographic background because it is believed that the carver depicted his parents on their way from slavery to freedom. On the other hand, Pierce himself made a journey north in search of a better life (Wolf, 2017). Figure 1. Migration North (“Migration North,” 1976a). Figure 2. Migration North (“Migration North,” 1976b) Subject The subject of this piece of visual art includes two figures of a man and a woman. The figures are schematic, but it is typical of the other works of this artist. Color The colors used for these figures are rather dark. The skin of the characters is brown, and the clothes look old due to the choice of colors. The shirt and the hat of the man were probably white, but they are yellowish now, which is typical of the old things. Shape It is a three-dimensional piece of art that consists of two figures of people and an animal. All of them are of irregular shape. The shapes are clearly outlined, although quite schematic. The shapes allow identifying a man and a woman, but it is difficult to understand what the animal is depicted by the artist. Motion The figure of the woman is not moving, but the man bends his knees as if trying to crouch. Symbols The art object itself is a symbol. It is considered that Elijah Pierce depicted his p
Introduction Being one of the poorest countries in the world, Haiti has always relied heavily on the help of other countries and various non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in providing support to its people, including education, healthcare, sanitation, and even nutrition (Kirsch, Sauer and Sapir 200). According to Karunakara, Haiti “hosts one of the largest and best-funded international aid deployments in the world” (par. 1) with over ten thousand NGOs working in the country. However, despite their work, the living conditions in Haiti were hardly satisfactory even before the earthquake. Haiti’s healthcare system was barely functioning due to the “decades of mismanagement, corruption, and dependence on foreign assistance” (Kirsch et al. 200), with only half of the population having access to essential health services. Low availability of safe water, lack of sanitation, and chronic malnutrition were among other factors that contributed to poor health conditions nationwide (Kirsch et al. 200). These conditions, coupled with the substantial damage caused by the earthquake, left the country and its people in a dangerous position, demanding more aid and support from NGOs than before. This paper aims to explore the overall implications of the earthquake and the response to it, as well as to provide an examination of the actions of three U.S.-based NGOs, which contributed to the restoration of Haiti following the disaster: Catholic Relief Services, Partners in Health, and Humanity First. Initial Response and Main Issues The 7.0 ma