ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What are the Barriers in Nursing Associated with Introducing Evidence-Based Practice? The APA guidelines on clarity and consciousness demonstrate preciseness in APA work (Booth, Colomb & Williams, 2008). First, these factors are important since they help in conveying the authors’ message. Secondly, with clarity and consciousness, the author avoids unnecessary repetition, redundancy of sentences, wordiness, and unnecessary complexity of sentences. The overall benefit of this is that it enables the author to pass the correct information to the readers. Do these recommendations differ from other types of writing you have done in the past? Yes, these recommendations differ from most other common writing styles and formats although the differences are not significant. The recommendations provided earlier in this paper are meant to enhance grammar and ensure the accuracy of the message that the author conveys to the readers, and therefore these basic guidelines are applied to most writing styles. What recommendations does the APA Manual make regarding punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and abbreviation? Clarity of any literary work requires correct use of grammar and this implies that the author should consider spellings, punctuations, capitalizations, and abbreviations. To begin with, all works done in APA format should use correct grammar as specified by the language. Secondly, the APA format requires that titles of works used as references to be capitalized (The American Psychological Association, 2010). The format also requires that all headings and secondary headings be capitalized. Finally, the format requires that authors use correct punctuation marks according to the guidelines of the language. Also, the format has specific punctuation rules for compiling the references list and in-text citations. Since APA is concerned with the production of research works, clarity and neatness are very important both to the author, as well as to the readers of the works. This implies that the work should make use of words efficiently by avoiding the use of unnecessary ones. Secondly, abbreviations are used in the APA format to condense the work as much as possible. The guidelines require that the first and the middle names of the authors to be cited in the text, and the reference page should be abbreviated. How do these recommendations diverge from other ways of writing that you may have learned in the past? How do they relate? These guidelines do not differ from most other writing form
Introduction Due to advances in technology, business partners and employees can now access information and resources remotely (Meersman, Dillon & Herrero, 2009). One of the key requirements for financial institutions is that they have to safeguard clients’ information. To do so, banks allocate passwords to clients for use in accessing their accounts. However, this method is prone to hacking (Meersman et al., 2009). This calls for a system that can safeguard the privacy of clients. The paper shall endeavor to examine one-time passwords (OTPs) as a technique that enhances the user’s security. Brief description of the technology The One-Time Password is a single-use password that has been randomly generated (Infosec, n. d.). The system allows banks to send secure single-use passwords to their customers. In addition, OTPs allows banks to improve the security of online banking. However, customers have to request OTPs every time they want to perform a transaction (Infosec, 2008). The customer is first required to provide his/her mobile phone number or e-mail address in order to facilitate the verification process. Once the information has been verified, the bank sends a “One-Time Password” to the user in the form of an SMS. Alternatively, the bank can send a verification code to the user’s e-mail address. The mobile phone number or e-mail address acts as a security measure, and the password sent has a definite expiry period. One of the organisations providing OTPs services is Nordic Edge (Integrated Switched System, 2007). Type of control OTPs prevent unauthorised persons from accessing confidential information (Infosec, n. d.). As such, they are a preventive type of control. In addition, OTPs also restraint or discourage unauthorised persons from accessing confidential information. Strengths and weaknesses Strengths Some of the strengths of the OTPs include:   * OTPs do not require policing and policy decisions.   * OTPs do not require specific hardware to facilitate delivery   * The OTPs require minimal support effort and modest investment   * OTPs have a high level of security, and this makes it hard for hackers to manipulate a client’s account. Weaknesses OTPs are characterised by the following weaknesses:   * OTPs are prone to social engineering attacks. For example, attackers can deceive consumers to provide them with past OTPs, thereby compromising their security.   * The system is prone to human manipulation   * OTPs are prone to “man-in-the middle attacks”.   * The system is costly to manage.   * Some users are reluctant to trust organisations with their valuable information. In what area is the deployment o
As a matter of fact, there is hardly a person in the United States who did not hear of Madoff’s case. However, in spite of the fact that many people know about this case, it is worth noting that not many understand how Bernie Madoff contributed to the transformation of the firm to one of the most famous on Wall Street. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide the ethical decision-making model and utilitarian explanation of the situation. The point for consideration is that the bankruptcy trustee proposed to use the clawback provisions of the bankruptcy code to return payments made by Madoff’s firm to the bankruptcy estate. The primary question is whether this proposal is ethical for the investors who have closed their accounts before the Madoff’s scandal. From the utilitarian point of view, the action regarding taking money back from the investors who successfully closed their account can be justified. In the framework of utilitarianism, the base for treating the action as ethical or not is believed to be a usefulness of this action for the majority of people (Sheng, 2012). It is justified to ignore the rights and profits of the minor group in order for the majority to reach happiness. People have personal rights, for example, the right to have private correspondence; however, in case the government aims to secure the majority, this right can be violated. Thus, it is worth pointing out that in Madoff’s case the utilitarian theory can find reflection in the following way. The profit of minority can be divided between other investors. So, the happiness of the minority will be divided equally between other stakeholders (Sheng, 2012). However, this decision should not be applied. People who invested money took a risk and risk is a typical feature of the business environment. People who risk and win make a profit, those who do not lose. The risk is an integral part of development and progress. As for the ethical decision-making framework, it should be noted that the following aspects should be taken into consideration, namely:  1. Determination of the facts;  2. Ethical issue;  3. Stakeholders;  4. Alternatives for the decision;  5. How the stakeholders will be impacted by decision proposed;  6. Pending decision;  7. Making decision;  8. Assessment of the quality of this decision. First and foremost it is worth highlighting that the case deals with three groups of investors, namely the following ones:  1. Those people who reinvested their income and profits;  2. Those people who pulled out their income;  3. Those investors who have closed their accounts before the scandal. However, the primary stakeholders that are under consideration in this paper are those investors who had closed their accounts before the scandal and gained profit in contrast to other two groups. People who reinvested their income and profits and those ones who pulled out their income suffered and lost a lot of money. Madoff using Ponzi scheme caused a lot of damage for the investors. T
Introduction Thomas Jefferson is one of the most remarkable political leaders of the 18 th and 19 centuries. He is mostly known as an American Founding Father and the third president of the United States for two terms in 1801-1809. Thomas Jefferson had a fascinating political career, but he was also a profound author of his time. His words and ideas have both inspired, confused, and horrified readers for over 200 years. Jefferson coined out the official writing style and brought excellence to political and government papers. His major contributions to american literature are the Declaration of Independence , the Notes on the State of Virginia , and his letters. In his works, Jefferson mostly touched upon the values of political and moral equality and the complexity of nature and society. Thomas Jefferson’s writings are crucial for understanding the themes and values of American literature and history of the 18-19 centuries, as they have tremendous political, social, and literary value. The Main Themes Thomas Jefferson is a philosopher of his era since he touches upon many universal issues that are central at all times. Jefferson ponders upon the nature of humans and states that the happiest state for people is between what is savage and what is refined (Holowchak). The writer also draws parallels between natural laws and the laws that should guide a civil society. These basic beliefs are framed into the Declaration of Independence , which rests upon the principles of all men being equal by nature and by rights. It is worth mentioning that by the word “equality” Jefferson referred to the equality of opportunity and moral equality (Holowchak). In brief, the American Founding Father shows in his writings that the laws of nature are crucial for understanding what civil society principles should be. Other pivotal themes of Jefferson’s writings include religion and morale. The natural human right to pursue his or her happiness implies that all persons are free to worship as they choose (Holowchak). However, according to Jefferson, religion should stay personal and avoid interfering with the government’s affairs (Holowchak). Such interventions may result not only in restricting the civil rights of the US citizens but also in restraints of religious freedoms. Jefferson saw similarities in the political tasks of tearing down the old forms of authority and the intellectual tasks of eliminating superstition (Klinghard and Gish 18). Consequently, he believed that moral is God-given and that is similar to human senses like sight and hearing. Holowchak states that Thomas Jefferson thought the sense of virtue to be tied to an organ, like a heart. Hence, morality can be made
Currently, a number of environmental issues, such as climate change, ozone layer depletion, and the loss of biological diversity, confront the whole world more than at any time in recent history. These major and urgent threats affect every country irrespective of who is to blame for the destruction or where the destruction has started. Due to this, every nation in the globe recognizes the need for collaboration in surmounting the threats to the global environment (DeSombre 2005, 7-8). That is why the U.S., as the world’s superpower, is playing an increasing role in aiding the environmental issues of other countries. The UN Conference on Environment and Development, which took place on June 1992, was a milestone improvement in addressing the world environmental issues. Based on the recommendations of this conference, the UN created the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD). The United States has been at the forefront in supporting the activities of the CSD as a primary agency for tackling environmental issues throughput the world. Besides this initiative, the U.S. has signed a number of treaties on biodiversity and climate change, which promote international collaboration for sustainable development, especially in Africa. Through these international treaties, the U.S. has been able to support the environmental issues of other countries. The fact that uncontrolled human activities can lead to the degradation of the environment is a grave global environmental issue, which the U.S. has led the effort in response to this threat. Developed nations, including the U.S., have established specific action plans to reduce the release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Consequently, other nations have also adopted this initiative, with the assistance of the industrialized nations. In September 1994, the United States established the U.S. Climate Change Report that outlines the country’s strategies of tackling the escalating threat of global climate change, and the report includes the United States Initiative on Joint Implementation (USIJI). The USIJI aids projects in other nations that are intended to significantly lower the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (U.S. Department of State 1995, para. 8). To date, the initiative has supported various projects in several countries. The degradation of the ozone layer is an increasing international environmental concern. Beginning with the agreement in 1978 to prohibit the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as well as other ozone-depleting chemicals in non-essential aerosols, the U.S. has led initiatives to deal with this danger; consequently, the country has insisted on the ratification of the accord to ban the use of these dangerous chemicals in every country in the world. An essential goal of the United States international environmental policy is the conservation of the world’s natural resources (Harris 2001, 3-5). It pursues this by means of a combination of bilateral and multilateral activities. For example, it is a signat
The Relevant Market for Operating Systems It is difficult to clearly define whether older computers that utilized older versions of Windows should be considered a relevant market because older operating systems may be updated, which would force them to include a free version of the Microsoft Internet Explorer that caused the company to be seen as a dominant force in the market. Moreover, Microsoft operating systems were already present on 80% of all the computers in the market. This makes the majority of the computer users potential buyers of the new Microsoft operating system. The incompatibility of older software and the enhanced capabilities of the new operating system in some cases force users to upgrade to perform their job, meaning that they would not have a choice but receive Internet Explorer for free with the purchase of the new system. While it is not a guarantee that all the older users would update to the new software, their potential number is high enough to consider Microsoft to have a “dominant market position” in the operating systems market. Microsoft’s Anti-Competitive Conduct Microsoft was one of the first companies to gain major control over the personal computer market due to the introduction of DOS, and subsequently Windows. Initially, the almost universal presence of their operating systems allowed for a lot of competition in the software market because programmers had a single operating system to create programs for. Business applications such as spreadsheet managers, calculators, text and document managers, as well as other applications were gaining popularity and pieces of the market. However, this process did not last long as Microsoft began bundling its versions of such applications with the new iterations of its operating systems. The market adjusted but when Microsoft began providing its internet browser for free, it became a large issue. At the moment, internet browsers were expensive pieces of software that competed with each other, while improving their features. By providing a free and fully functional version of the same product, Microsoft began acting beyond the fair competition. Other companies would not be able to compete with Microsoft because their survival depended on people purchasing their software. At the same time, Microsoft was able to provide it preinstalled, and for free by subsidizing it from the price of the operating system itself. Internet browsers have a very specific set of features, and most users would not have a desire to purchase better products if the free one is capable of all of them. Possible Remedies if the Sherman Act is Violated It is possible to imagine a scenario in which Microsoft is found guilty of violating the Sherman Act. Since the issue of the case is in the unfair competition due to forced and free installation of Internet Explorer with the purchase of the new Windows operating system, Microsoft may have to make it completely optional. The company may also have to provide it at a competitive, but fair cost. It would be important to establish that the market contains multiple companies that provide internet brows
Introduction Barcelona is a place filled with an unrestrained spirit of joy, which is evident in numerous examples of the city’s famous architecture. No other person is more responsible for city’s courageous architectural appearance than Antoni Gaudi, a pioneer of the Modernism movement, who underlined flexibility of thought and motion, which had never been observed in the world. The Facade of Casa Batllo Casa Batlló In 1898-1906 three neighboring houses were constructed on the trendy street Passeig de Gràcia by the most influential modernist architects: Casa Lléo Morera (visualized by Domènech i Montaner), Casa Amatller (created by Puig i Cadafalch), and Gaudí’s Casa Batlló (Crippa, Llimargas and Nonell 85-103). The trio of homes was made in completely dissimilar understandings of modernist style. This situation reminded a rivalry among gifted architects. This made the local citizens call three houses “Mançana de la Discordia” that translates as “apple of discord”, hinting at Greek myth, where an apple, given by Eris “to the fairest goddess” led to a quarrel among three goddesses, finally causing the Trojan War. Interestingly the term “mançana” also denotes “block,” so the words “Mançana de la Discordia” also mean “Block of Discord” (“Casa Batlló”). Of the three structures, Casa Batlló is the most creative (Crippa, Llimargas and Nonell 85-103). The house is situated at Paseig de Gracia 43. In general, the house has a surface area of more than five thousand square meters. The house was initially constructed in 1875-1877. In the year 1900 it was purchased by wealthy manufacturer Josep Battló i Casanovas who hired Gaudí to destroy the old dwelling and construct a new house. However, the architect persuaded Battló to reconstruct the existing structure (“Casa Batlló”). In 1904-1906 Gaudí changed roof, front wall, added extra floor and changed the inner design of the house. It is interesting that the structure has no right angles. However, the most remarkable feature of the house is the façade. Its explanation has long been a source of argument. On the one hand, Gaudí’s goal was to create a symbolic hymn of the tale of Saint George, Catalonia’s patron saint, in his victory over dragon. Yet, on the other hand, explanation of the house is that the façade is a symbol of Carnival (“Casa Batlló”). As for the architecture of the house, on the Noble Floor, the architect created the large gallery that projects several meters out over the street Passeig de Gràcia (Thiébaut 11-41). He also created large oval-shaped windows. Gaudí included stone columns reminding bones, and amazing balconies in the form of masks. The top of the structure is crowned with an impressive roof that, being constructed of huge scales, looks similar to the dragon’s backbone. The facade is covered with mosaic created of glass and ceramic discs, providing the structure a rolling surface (Thiébaut 11-41). Obviously, the strength of detail and materiality is not left only to the exterior. The interior is even more detailed than the façade of the house. The extension of the twisting flowing walls and edges in combination with the color manipulation an
The paradigm “modernist style – postmodern” is a key situation for the analysis in a modern science. Having gone through the set of the greatest discoveries, a science appeared to be more and more subject of postmodernist. There is a plenty of books predicting the end of a science. A vivid example is John Horgan’s book “The End of the science”. So insignificant place is occupied by the analysis of a condition of psychology, and absence of ascertaining of its decline is connected, in opinion of the author, with rather modest successes of this science and deficiency of significant opening in this field of human knowledge. The classical science is a realization of one of leading projects of the modernist style. The concept of a modernist style substantially is connected with a principle of subjectivity, a principle of continuous updating, a principle self-relativeness, and isolation on itself. Human reason and its achievements in the form of science in a modernist style. The nature is perceived as the object resisting the learning subject. Gradually this object more and more appears as the system of the known and cognizable laws. The science of the epoch of modernist style “has opened to people dead, passive nature, which behavior can be only compared to the behavior of the automatic device: being the programmed automatic device which strictly follows the. In this sense the dialogue with the nature instead of the promoting rapprochement of the person with the nature, has separated person and nature. The triumph of a human reason has turned sad true. The science has discredited everything what it has touched. The problem of age was differently estimated in different times and it should be mentioned that during the times of modernist epoch age was considered as an ndicator of experience and during the epoch of postmodern it is understood not only as the factor of spiritual value but as a physical one. The condition estrangement, loneliness, alarm is a reaction of the person experiencing a decline of modernism, unconsciously grieving on complete comprehension of life and clearly realizing a primary fragmentariness, basic dissociation of a picture of the world of the person of end XX century. This is the mark of the postmodernist period in the development of culture, science, society. Each time has postmodern – the period of disappointment in the developed system of knowledge, a picture of the world, disappointment in social system, dominating values, etc., a critical spirit concerning achievements of progress and simultaneously inability to offer a constructive output from deadlock. On a boundary of the 70-80 th of the XX-th century postmodern was the most adequate to the spirit of time expression and emotional perception of the epoch. The psychology wit
Introduction The Taming of the Shrew is a comic play by Shakespeare with an excellent and appealing lively plot and which presents attention-catching instances of romance and courting among distinct couples. It is the expectation in this paper to direct the play to produce a glaring spectator trill. In doing this, the time, the props and set, costumes, sound, video projections and lightening effects will be incorporated, accordingly. Directorate Notes The play was written in a time which has greatly varied from the present. As such, the character s’ value are strikingly different from what is present obtainable in the sense that they helplessly conflict what is considered to be right in our days. This is noted in the behavior of Petruchio to Katherine, which is typically Renaissance. But though values in the play lag ones presently upheld by society, there is still much to benefit from the play- which is appreciably pleasant like a modern comedy. Several cynicisms expressed in the play are likely to apt our so-called modern society. Thus any form of criticism that the play lacks distinctive morality may be baseless. Directing the play I