ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Seleucid, Sassanid, and Parthian Empires all have several common features. All of the three empires were quite large and occupied the territories of several modern countries; they were spread from Europe to Asia. The ruling dynasties of all of the three empires had a goal to conquer more lands and to make their states even bigger, as back then this was considered the sign of power and influence. To stay safe and stable in the world of conquerors and preserve own authority during the interaction with cunning and unreliable neighbors that could attack any moment a ruler of a state needed to have very well developed diplomatic skills. This was not always the case, and as a result, many clashed between the neighboring empires and lands occurred. Besides, during their conquests, the rulers of Seleucid, Sassanid and Parthian Empires took over very diverse lands and cultures. This is why each of these states was non-homogenous and contained many nations, ethnicities, religions, and cultures. To avoid confrontations within the state, the leaders of the empires had to find balance and learn how to set order and keep the diverse citizens satisfied and happy. All of the three empires made a large contribution to modern science. Seleucid, Sassanid, and Parthian scholars studies and developed such studies as mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and, of course, philosophy. Choosing between the three of these powerful states I would prefer to live in the Parthian Empire. Parthia was spread through the territories that today belong to Armenia, Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Israel, Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon (“Parthian Empire,” par. 1). The Empire grew out of a small kingdom by conquering and taking over the lands nearby. The first reason why I choose the Parthi
Somali has recently become the world’s most well-known country of the so-called third world, due to the threat which it temporarily poses to the entire world. Because of the country’s extreme poverty rates, the local dwellers are often engaged into piracy, which puts the life of millions of people who cross the Somali water areas. Since the reasons which make the Somalia people break the law can justify their actions to some extent, the events connected with the actions of the Somali pirates make one think of whose fault is that numerous victims have suffered. The Curse of the Somali: What Makes a Pirate Beginning with the terrible poverty statistics and the hopeless state of affairs, the Somali population finally found the way to earn for a living. Choosing piracy as the means to make money, the Somalians now feel quite certain in the water area of their homeland, robbing the ships which pass by them. According to the recent news, the situation does not seem to change for the better; on the contrary, the pirates are seemingly enjoying the new way of solving their own economical problems [1] . It was clear from the very beginning that the Somali pirates have chosen their path to live the life of the rich. Because of the desperate state of affairs in their own country, they resorted to the easiest way of making money, that is, robbing. As it has turned out, the problem did not vanish as the time passed. On the contrary, it was grasping even wider space, making people from the other countries fear the Somalia water areas. As Gettleman (2010) noticed, by 2010 the oirates had already established their personal “business” and were tracing the ocean seaway for the probable “crop” to pluck: NAIROBI, Kenya — The monsoon season has ended. The Indian Ocean is calm again. For Somalia’s pirates, that means one thing: it is a busy time of year. [2] As it could have been predicted, the pirates not only did not abandon the profitable business, but also expanded it to the range of a large-scale enterprise. Although this could seem shocking to the European people, the Somalia pirates considered this the only way to earn for a living. Holding hostages and taking ransoms for the people which the pirates have captured appeared to be much easier than sharing the economical collapse with the rest of the countries with the same economical situation. According to Gettleman, these are the incredible for the Somali people amounts of money which makes them participate in the piracy. In spite of the seeming freedom in robbing and taking “free money”, it has turned out that the Somali pirates have a well-developed infrastructure in their business. Thus, the p
Vaping problem ”National and state data from patient reports and product sample testing show tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products, particularly from informal sources like friends, family, or in-person or online dealers, are linked to most EVALI cases” (CDC, n.d.). E-cigarettes’ compounds are reported to have traces of heavy metals, tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines, and diacetyl, besides they have a proven harmful impact on lung and brain development of adolescents (Hobson, Arndt, & Barenklau, 2020). The exposure to ECs increases chances of memory and hyperactivity disorders, and even drug abuse (Hamilton, 2019). In 27 states of the US 60 deaths caused by EVALI has been confirmed by mid-January, with more than 2600 people hospitalized around the country (CDC, n.d.) As 50% of the patients provided data on the source of the product they used, the concerns of CDC were confirmed – 78% of users acquired e-cigarettes or vapes from informal sources (friends, family, online, dealers) As Food and Drug Administration attempted to reduce cigarette smoking by replacing it with Ecs and helping this new market grow, problems like access do adolescents were overlooked (Kaplan & Richtel, 2019). Moreover, tobacco giants like Altria (Marlboro producer) made their point by acquiring stakes in nation’s biggest vapor producers (JUUL) (Kaplan & Richtel, 2019). Policy alternatives Flavoring ban introd
The purpose of this work was to interview the counselor Anna Moise, write down her answers, and then analyze the received information. The interview lasted about twenty minutes, and it discussed the specifics of employment and the subtleties in the field of counseling. As for the general characteristics of the interview, on the whole, it passed without any particular difficulties. Before starting the interview, I spent enough time preparing, composing questions, placing them in a specific order, and studying how to win a person. The interview began with my opening remarks. I tried to make the person feel comfortable by asking a simple question: “How are you today?” It helped the interviewee relax, feel as comfortable as possible, and establish contact between us. I listened to Anna’s words attentively, carefully took notes, and drew on her non-verbal signals: speech rate, gestures, and facial expressions. Anna was asked ten open-ended questions, which suggested detailed answers to create a clear picture of work within the counseling field. The first question was a brief description of the job and the setting in which the counseling sessions occur. Anna Moise works at Rooted Counseling Center, which is a group practice in the Green Hills area of Nashville. In their suites, several offices are assigned to each counselor. She primarily works with school-aged (elementary-high school) children and some college-aged students and young adults. Anna was then asked to share her personal history within the counseling field, to which she responded with particular enthusiasm. The decision to become a counselor was based on her experience of interacting with a school counselor when Anna was forced to turn to him while her family was working through some adjustments. Then, in graduate school, her program required that students attend six sessions of counseling which she did through another group practice in Nashville. Despite a two-year hiatus in counseling, Anna is back in the field right around graduation. Interestingly, Anna herself meets with the counselor about once a month, which, according to her, helps her a lot and is an important aspect. In general, it can be concluded from Anna’s reaction and her non-verbal behavior that the woman enjoys her work. To understand the specifics of education in the counseling field, I asked Anna about her education degree, licensure and certifications, and job opportunities in specific specialty areas. So, Anna received a Bachelor of Arts degree at UNC-Chapel Hill, where she majored in both Psychology and Communications, as well as Masters of Education in Human Development Counseling through Vanderbilt’s Peabody School. Moreover, Anna has an LPC-MHSP license. As for Anna’s specialization, she works a lot with individuals facing anxiety, depression, and general life tr
Born into Brothels The film Born into Brothels (2004) focuses on experiences of children of Indian prostitutes working in the red light district. It touches upon various issues that can be discussed, but it is mainly concerned with such issues as oppression and power distribution. It is possible to apply the feminist theory to consider a family featured in the film. First, it is necessary to note that feminist theory focuses on the issues associated with the oppression of females as well as other gender-related problems (Hutchison, 2012). Feminists believe that females are placed in a position that does not allow them to make any major decisions freely. They stress that females are given only particular roles in society without any meaningful power. This is found in the family of little Shanti and her brother Manik whose mother is a prostitute (Briski & Kauffman, 2004). She is married, and her husband lives with the family, but the woman still has to engage in this activity (which is regarded as illegal and very sinful). Her husband seems to be the one to make his wife earn money in that way. The woman is oppressed as she has to sell her body since no other employment is available. Indian society is patriarchal, and men often decide what is better for women. In Shanti’s family, this is also the case, and her mother is afraid of her daughter’s future as the little girl can end up in the same position. Theory Ego psychology is a widely used theory applied in social work. I would also use it extensively in my practice as it enables me to help clients address their issues. The theory provides a comprehensive approach that involves personality, culture, and the environment (Boyle, Hull, Mather, Smith & Farley, 2009). These factors are often crucial for people’s effective interaction with others. It is essential to make the person capable of achieving compromises that ensure people’s comfort and well-being (Greene & Schriver, 2016). I believe that the major discomfort is caused when a person’s ideas concerning reality are rather distorted as they tend to live in an idealized world. It is vital to make these people see reality and adapt to their actual environment rather than seek ways to escape from it. I also believe that compromises are possible, but some people simply do not see them. They also fail to evaluate the environment or their selves adequately. The theoretical framework provides the necessary tools to address these issues. I believe I will be able to help many clients using this theory. Empirical Article The research in question focuses on adolescent psychopathology with a focus on help-seeking methods and “perceived social support” (Nahulu et al., 1996, p. 108). The researchers formulated three hypotheses. They expected that
Budget Planning and Control A budget is an economic plan that contains an estimate of the required resources and the resources available to achieve specific goals and objectives within a definite period. Budgeting, therefore, involves all activities that contribute to the making of a budget. Control orientation focuses on a narrow range of activities, especially the activities that limit the operating officials to the maximum budget set. A control orientation compels budget makers to concentrate on crucial aspects of a budget only. A management orientation is concerned with specific issues such as an organization’s plan to accomplish a given task (Morgan, Robinson, Strachota, & Hough, 2015). Therefore, the management orientation obliges a policymaker in the budgeting process to align the budget with the organization’s goals. On the other hand, a planning orientation considers a wide range of long-term concerns such as the alignment of goals and policies of the corporation with the expenditure choices and specific programs that should be implemented, terminated, expanded, or curtailed (Morgan et al., 2015). Consequently, this orientation compels policymakers and managers to commit the establishment’s resources to the appropriate programs. Overall, the control, management, and planning orientations of a budget ensure that all budgetary functions are met with precision (Morgan et al., 2015). Program Change Proposal A program change proposal is a formal written proposal to amend the level of service or funding to cover a certain scope of work (Kasdin, 2017). The most effective way to present a proposal for program change should be preceded by daily monitoring and control of expenditure during normal organizational operations. When it becomes apparent that changes should be carried out in the budgetary allocation, the departmental staff and the principal investigator review the terms and conditions of the cost principals to determine whether the change should be executed (Kasdin, 2017). If the proposal for change violates the established cost principles, the change is not implemented. The presentation of the proposal for change should be timely, complete, and rele
Literature Review The literature review seeks to analyse democracy in a conceptual framework that explores the politics of the Arab world against that happening in the rest of the world. In so doing, it seeks to demonstrate the meaning of democracy, explore democracy in the Middle East, while tackling political science’s view on democracy, and the concept of faith as well as its influences in the Syrian politics to exploit the major issues in the Syrian democratic question. The meaning of democracy The word democracy emanates from two Greek terms ‘ demos ’ meaning the people while ‘ Kratos ’ refers to a form of Aristocracy denoting a leadership that is decided upon by the people (Sen 1999, p. 8). In the American context, Lagon (2011) opines that democracy refers to a people chosen government. This definition is shared by other civilised societies that recognise the sovereignty of the people in the concept of governance. However, the lack of universal meaning of democracy has made different societies pursue different approaches to democracy. The lack of universality of democracy could be traced back to the ancient civilisation in the Athens communities where democracy literally allowed only men above the age of 21 to partake active roles in civic activities such as voting and voicing of their opinions in public. The vast economy of the ancient Athena City State pigeonholed on slavery of women who as per the dictates of the systems had no amount of say in the affairs of state whatsoever, nor were they permissible to voice honest opinions in the public. Politics, debate, public utterances, and arguments of any kind were the preserve of men. However, democracy in much of the developing world can never be equated to that prevailing in the developed nations such as those in the West. The overwhelming civil strife in Syria and the raging debate over Assad’s administration intolerance to opposition groupings remains a complex domestic question to solve. Democracy in the Middle East In the years following the Second World War, the world turned its focus from the contest between democracy and totalitarianism to emerging threats such as the global balance of power (Hunter 2007, p. 1). The escalating war in most parts of the world provoked the vast continental Europe to endow their colonial holdings with independence. In part, the succeeding up-thrust of the newly independent and susceptible nations greatly worried the United
Providing healthcare services for the citizens of such a multinational country as the United States is a big challenge. The diversity of people leads to the necessity to create equal conditions for all of them regardless of the population group to which they belong. The government aims to develop and implement specific policies to satisfy all the people’s needs for medical assistance by eliminating the disparities between them. Some factors have an impact on the health of diverse population groups. They include race and ethnicity, gender, disability, geographical residence, and many others (Williams et al., 2016). In this regard, the existing healthcare policies of the United States are intended to research the impact of the above factors on the health of the nation and the ways to eliminate them. Hence, the primary task for the American government is to secure a high level of healthcare for all the population groups. The population groups that need some improvements in the provision of healthcare services include people of different nationalities and socially disadvantaged groups. In the United States, they are African Americans, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Hispanics/Latinos, LGBT, and rural health communities. The people of these groups have a higher risk of such conditions as, for example, heart disease or diabetes (Health equity for diverse populations, 2019). Therefore, the government takes special measures to make medical services more affordable for them. Healthcare issues are the ones that are most vital for the United States. The implementation of policies seeks to eliminate the disparities between the population groups. The intention to increase their participation by creating healthcare programs leads to better health indicators for the whole nation.
Abstract Off student, housing has become a pressing need as more and more students join college and the campus housing is insufficient to house the students. About 50% of students are forced to live in off-campus residences. The paper provides a feasibility study for building an off-campus residence and compares convention buildings and modular houses. Executive Summary Currently, more than 50 % of the students enrolled in colleges are forced to live in off-campus residences. Since private residences are expensive, students are forced to live in less hospitable areas where security is not very good and where because of poor living conditions, there are chances that students’ studies may suffer. The paper has examined the need for off-campus residences and framed certain basic requirements for off-campus residences that spell out the factors for such residences. The paper then examines conventional brick and mortar buildings and modular housing. Conventional houses are expensive to build while modular houses can be built quickly at lesser rates and they can be scaled to provide living space as per the requirements. A detailed analysis of modular houses has been performed along with sample designs and cost breakup and it is recommended that modular houses should be considered for off-campus student residences. Introduction Students housing has become a major issue as more and more students enroll in classes and the college-owned dormitories and campus housing become increasingly scarce. While campus residences are Spartan but economic, off-campus residences tend to be more elaborate, and then again a lot would depend on the type of residence, the type of neighborhood, proximity to the college and the city center, and other conditions. This paper provides feasibility for the construction of off-campus student housing. Various factors such as the need for off-campus housing and various functional and technical requirements including floor plans for the construction of off-campus residences have been presented. The paper examined conventional buildings and modular houses and while conventional houses are more expensive, modular houses are economical and can be installed easily. Method Used Information for the project has been obtained by literature review. A number of peer-reviewed journals, construction magazines, and reputed newspapers were perused to understand the overall subject content and the points that had to be covered to complete the study. A tentative table of contents was formed that gave the top-level headings of specific areas that would be covered. Using these headings as keywords, a search was done using sources such as ProQuest, Questia, and other online journals, newspaper reports, and reputed websites. Information from these sources was then perused and then completely written to produce the required content that forms the project, Understanding
Introduction to the Country South Africa is the country that is famous by unbelievable diversity in cultural backgrounds and languages. There are also several official languages; there are a number of ethnic groups; and there are even three legally define capitals which are Cape Town, Pretoria, and Bloemfontein. This variety of interests, legal bodies, and decisions provide different companies and organizations around the whole world with a change to cooperate with South Africa and offer a number of captivating ideas and suggestions. The citizens of the country are ready to accept the innovations in order to have a choice and rely on their own interests and demands. During the last decade, South Africa proves that it can perform the key role in military, foreign, and international relations. Though it has a mixed type of economy, there are many spheres which show good results and achievements, and one of them is the sphere of mobile communication. The evaluation of the mobile communication industry will help to understand the main principles of business development in South Africa and realize whether the services offered by AT&T will be appropriate for the country where the domination of varieties is evident. Identification of the Leaders in Mobile Communication Industry There are four current leaders in the sphere of mobile communication; they are MTN, Cell C, and Vodacom ( “ Communications”). All these operators have their own peculiarities and attract users’ attention by a variety of means. Still, bundle prices differ considerably. Under the current conditions and the economic challenges which become a real disaster for many organizations, MTN continues offering the best value for South African money. Within a short period of time, this organization plans to become the only leading provider in the chosen country due to the possibilities to combine reasonable prices and quality of work. The graph offered above demonstrates the overview of prices which are set in three leading providers of South Africa. Though the tariffs are not the lowest in the world, the citizens of the country find it beneficial to use the service offered. As the mobile revolution cannot be stopped, the citizens of such countries like South Africa do not find it necessary to neglect their right to participate in it (Smith). Development of Business Affairs in South Africa The point is that South Africa has a huge potential for development of successful business relations with different countries of the continent as well as of the whole world. This country may succeed in investment destination being the main supplier within the emerging market economy. The conditions for