ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction “Where are you going, where have you been?” is a book by Joyce Carol Oates while “The kite runner” is a book by Khaled Hosseini. These are two different books written by two different reputable authors. Both authors have shown their quality in the act of writing. However, while Joyce Oates book talks about an average American girl named Connie, Khaled Hosseini’s book talks about Amir and Hassan two Afghan boys. The theme of both books is about two different individuals who are brought up in different places under similar circumstances. Connie the main character in “where are you going, where have you been?” is brought up in an environment where her parents are average citizens and are capable of giving her a good upbringing but she is not happy due to the strained relationship between her and her family members. (Oates 1966) While in Khaled Hosseini’s “The kite runner”, Amir the son of a rich Afghan merchant grows up under similar circumstances of not being a happy boy despite his father’s wealth. (Hosseini, 2003) This is due to Amir’s sour relationship with his father. Both characters respectively believed their sibling or friends were loved better than them. Connie believed her elder sister June was loved more than her while Amir believed his friend and half brother Hassan was loved more than him. Comparing and contrasting both stories Using this theme, a thematic analysis will be written on both stories by comparing and contrasting how each author shows quality in writing through drama and fiction. Connie the main character in “where are you going, where have you been?” Joyce Oates is a fifteen years old girl in a happy successful family. Connie believed she was a very pretty girl but who did not get love and affection from her family especially her mother. Alone in her world of imagination, Connie felt her mother and aunties preferred her older sister June who was twenty-four years old and did virtually everything according to her mother and Aunties. (Oates 1966) June also worked as a secretary in Connie’s high school. The two sisters were the total opposite of each other. While Connie the younger sister bothered with looks, the elder sister June did not. And Connie thought of her as being steady, chunky and plain. (Oates 1966) In Connie’s world, she felt alone and unhappy in her family because she was not given her desired freedom. She felt she never had her desired liberty at home and she was happier when she was with her peers. (Oates 1966) Connie would have preferred to be given the same liberty given to her by her best girlfriend’s father. For her, life could not have been better than walking through stores at the shopping plaza and going to the movies. While they were alone a
The program Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Elders (NICHE) offers consultation and training to healthcare organizations and individual medical workers. It is focused on the specific needs of older patients who often require additional attention and support due to their changing health (NICHE, n.d.). The program is currently active in five countries, and it participates in the improvement of more than 700 organizations. The website for NICHE is an access point for the program’s main features, including its leadership educational course for “nurse managers and clinical leaders” (NICHE, n.d., para. 2). This initiative promotes the implementation of evidence-based clinical interventions in hospitals and teaches nurses how to care for older adult patients in long-term care environments (Greenberg, Gilmartin, D’Amico, & Sullivan-Marx, 2018). Moreover, NICHE hosts webinars about interdisciplinary strategies of care as well as annual conferences that tackle questions about the present and future of geriatric nursing. Apart from multiple programs and group events, the website also provides all interested persons with free resources for care improvement. The page “Need To Knows” is filled with helpful brochures, each of them discussing a particular issue that nurses working with older adults should consider. For example, one of the materials is dedicated to hip fractures. The pamphlet talks about the different types of fractures, the location of the injury, the importance of timely care for older adults, and the possible outcomes of this trauma (NICHE, 2017). In the second part, NICHE provides some information about ways to repair fractures. This and similar resources can assist healthcare providers in talking to their patients and discussing practices for better care. Many of the older adults’ concerns are described – sleep disturbances, nutrition problems, skincare, palliative care, pain management, mental health, and others. Overall, NICHE is a program that enhances the quality of geriatric care through continuous nursing education.
Introduction Most businesses formulate their marketing strategies targeting new customers. While it is important to increase the customer base, businesses must not overlook the critical role played by existing customers in the company’s growth. Customer loyalty is often connected to the inclination of a customer to continue associating with the company. This paper looks at some benefits that can be realized by promoting customer loyalty, as well as ways of increasing e-loyalty. Importance of Customer Loyalty Loyal customers offer the company a chance for repeat business as they are likely to purchase company products on several occasions over a period of time. Contingent on the type of business the organization conducts, the company is likely to sell more products to a loyal customer than to ten first-time customers. Retaining the loyal customer base is also considerably cheaper and, therefore, more profitable than attracting new customers. Customer loyalty also offers opportunities for the company to conduct cross-sales. The company can offer more products to meet the loyal customers’ needs across product lines. This allows the company to improve sales without necessarily looking for new customers. A loyal customer base also protects the company from the competitiveness of the market, especially in product markets with many new entrants. In e-commerce, for instance, the internet has facilitated price competition that has made many markets recklessly competitive in terms of product prices. Loyal customers offer the company some sense of security as they are less likely to be persuaded by small price reductions. Customer loyalty also facilitates word-of-mouth marketing that brings in new customers. Satisfied customers are likely to refer their friends to the company. E-commerce customers, for instance, can use the email service to recommend company products to friends and relatives. E-commerce companies are currently automating their referral processes and allowing customers recommend their services to others on the e-company website. Customers who are loyal to the company brand are also likely to provide honest feedback on company products. This helps the company in determining the areas that require improvement. New customers are less likely to provide feedback and often prefer to try other companies if they are dissatisfied. How to Increase E-Loyalty The idea of e-loyalty stretches the conventional notion of customer loyalty to online consumer actions. To acquire the loyalty of consumers, e-companies need to try to obtain their trust. This is parti
Multiple factors can explain the difference in demand for generics and patented drugs. The value of perceived quality can be considered as one of the main reasons behind purchases and the level of demand. According to Dave, Kesselheim, Fox, Qiu, and Hartzema (2017), the use of generic drugs in the US has increased significantly making then the primary option for consumers. This change has reportedly resulted in substantial savings for the health care system and the patients paying for their insurance. The prices for this type of drugs also increased recently, which implies a connection between demand and the market environment. Thus, it is possible that insufficient competition on the market of generic drugs has led to the changes in prices. Lower levels of utilization also affected the prices of drugs, according to Gatwood et al. (2014), who noted that medications were among the goods with inelastic demand. Nevertheless, the authors also found that brand-name alternatives became less preferred in a situation of a price increase, and the use of generics is reliant on the prices of other drug types as well. Thus, some changes may be observed for medications that have cheaper alternatives, although they are very small. While more expensive brand-products may be substituted with generics, people make that choice less frequently than it was expected (Gatwood et al., 2014). The changing prices of generics also affected the elasticity because their increase stopped consumers from switching from a preferred brand of medication to an alternative. The situation in other countries that have different insurance policies may differ from these observations. Danzon, Towse, and Mestre-Ferrandiz (2015) found that in self-pay states, the prices for different types of drugs were higher because there was no protection offered by insurance.
Social conflicts generally arise when people pursue their self-interests with less regard to other people’s interests or values. As a result, one party perceives the goals or actions of the other as incompatible with its own leading to a conflict. Although conflict may affect relations between the parties involved, if well understood, it offers an opportunity for ending oppression and promoting better human relations. In addition, conflict forces people to engage in resolving a common problem. If a conflict is effectively managed, peace is achieved as the concerned parties reconcile their differences and reach a mutual agreement (Giroux, 1993, p.137). In achieving peace, it is important that parties involved in a conflict develop a deeper understanding of their culture and the cultures of the others, which can facilitate dialogue between parties involved in a dispute. To achieve peace and tranquility in conflict situations, there is nothing better than personal interactions and communication through dialogue. Dialogue is one way of achieving peace and solving interpersonal, national, and international disputes. Additionally, increasing cross-cultural interactions is important in peace-building initiatives as it promotes understanding, which results to peace and prosperity (Giroux, 1993, p.141). To promote interactions between parties involved in a conflict, dialogue is essential. The major impediment to peace is failure of the conflicting parties to understand and appreciate each other’s perspectives to an issue. To achieve peace, therefore, it is important that the parties involved learn to understand and appreciate one another’s values and interests through dialogue and interactions. Conflicts primarily arise when various parties pursue self-interests while neglecting the other people’s needs. The pursuit of individual interests creates a social dilemma, which may turn out to be detrimental to all people. However, through and communication, the social dilemmas can be resolved. Dialogue promotes group identity, which consequently promotes concern for collective welfare (Giroux, 1993, p.142). Conflicts also arise when groups or people compete for scarce resources leading to group identity and pola
It goes without saying that the efficiency of the present-day companies depends considerably on whether teamwork is established in these companies and how well it is integrated within the corporate structure. It seems that teamwork and its enhancement among the staff is an original and ingenious solution of the problem of the staff’s work coordination; in addition, the aspect of competition among the staff is considerably decreased, which creates rather cozy atmosphere. However, without a proper coordination of the teamwork, the team efficiency is highly likely to drop, which means that the quality of the team’s performance depends on the monitoring of the staff’s work. There are various means to improve the team efficiency with the help of a monitoring strategy; according to Losada and Heapy, one of the most promising ideas is to offer the team the corresponding feedback in response to its every single action: “Teams in particular and organizations in general are nonlinear feedback networks that are continuously involved in ongoing processes of positive and negative feedback” (741). Indeed, with the given strategy, one can rest assured that the team will make only the required steps and avoid most mistakes in the process. Another successful idea that can be used to enhance the connectivity within the team and at the same time monitor the working process in the most efficient way possible, the method offered by Snowden and Boone can be considered. According to the authors, another good method that can be used to observe the work of a team and check its quality is the nonlinear dynamic model which is supposed to outline the optimum team dynamics for the given group and help choose the most appropriate team strategy. It is essential that the given model presupposes dealing with three different types of dynamics. As authors portray them, “The most rigid is the fixed-point attractor, followed by the limit cycle or periodic attractor, the torus or quasi-periodic attractor, and finally, the most flexible is the chaotic attractor” (Snowden and Boone 750). Applying the given strategies of team monitoring to my team, I have to admit that these strategies can possibly prove positive, yet they need considerable changes to fit the given group of people. To start with, the model offered by Snowden and Boone might fail because it works “only within a system where positive feedback is stronger than negative feedback” (Snowden and Boone 754), while in my team, the number of negative feedbacks can sometimes exceed the number of positive ones. As for the idea suggested by Losada and Heapy, I suppose that it can be extremely useful, since it allows to adapt a specific approach to each of the participants. However, the given model requires constant supervision of the process, which is practically impossible. Therefore, it will be necessary that each of the team members should be responsible eno
The prefrontal cortex is positioned at the frontal lobe of the brain. It is the most evolved part of the brain, associated with the highest cognitive abilities including, personality development and planning. It receives information from different brain regions, processes it, and acclimates accordingly (Ford & Kensinger, 2019). Moreover, it contributes to several executive functionalities including, executive processing, attention focusing, language processing, the anticipation of events, impulse control, and behavioral adjustment. However, it is highly susceptible to internal and external factors, which can influence its functional behaviors. For example, overwhelming stress results in loss of cognitive abilities, and continued exposure can cause architectural alterations in prefrontal dendrites. The prefrontal cortex responds to stressful conditions in different ways. For instance, it shuts down stress responses when the subject can manipulate the stressor. However, the inability to control the stressor can reduce the prefrontal cortex’s capacity to regulate stress responses. It plays a significant role in the top-down management of behaviors, which is crucial in mental representation. The mental representation is required for malleable goal-oriented behavior such as managing arousal state by projecting noradrenergic neurons that manage locus coeruleus firing. In addition, most noradrenergic neurons are positioned within the locus coeruleus. They also have projections all over the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas, including the amygdala, thalamus, and hippocampus (Borodovotsyna et al., 2018). Exposure to stress escalates firing in the locus coeruleus leading to increased release of norepinephrine. The increased firing results in the manifestation of certain behaviors
English literature through the ages has highlighted the significance of nature in many works. One notices a remarkable change in the portrayal of nature in English literature from the Romantics to the Victorians. Unlike the Romantics, who glorified nature as a benevolent factor in human life, the idea of nature has undergone considerable changes when it is depicted in Victorian poetry. My attempt in this essay is to bring out the significance of nature as it is taken up by Matthew Arnold in “Dover Beach” and Thomas Hardy in “The Darkling Thrush.” The essay tries to make a close reading into both the poems and make a comparative as well as a contrastive study on the significance of nature in both. One can easily notice the fact that both Arnold and Hardy do not cherish the romantic notion of nature; nature assumes significance in their poems because of its dark negative effects on human life, and rather than showing how nature has influenced man, their poetry try to depict the pessimistic and hopeless world view permeated by nature on the lives of human beings. In “Dover Beach,” the poet is lured by the beauty and complexity of nature at the beginning of the poem. He is happy that “the sea is calm,” “the tide is full” and that “the moon lies fair”. He is delighted with the vast cliffs and the tranquil bay outside and he even asks his beloved to “come to the window” to have a feel of the sweet night air. He asks his beloved to listen to the “grating roar of the pebbles,” but realizes soon that they bring with them not happiness but “the eternal of sadness.” For him, he is standing on a “darkling plain” where “ignorant armies clash by night,” not knowing what they do; and the sound of the waves do suggest to him nothing but “the turbid ebb and flow of human misery.” The tone of the poet is of despair and melancholy as he feels that the human life is tormented with miseries, and nature is incapable of offering any solution to man’s problems. On the contrary, nature reflects the human condition where there is no joy, love, light, or comfort during pain. This wavering aspect of nature is brought out in the poem through the use of the sea as a symbol: a symbol of human faith which was once at high tide, but now one can only hear its “melancholy, long, withdrawing roar.” Similarly, Hardy’s “The Darkling Thrush” also comes across the negative impacts of nature on the individual. His poem is based on his observations of nature and man’s response to her; nevertheless, he does not cherish any lasting optimistic illusions. The poet feels depressed and sad when he experiences the pessimistic gloom roused by the monotonous and lifeless winter scenery. He compares the bare landscape to a skeleton. Words like ‘des
Learning Needs Patient-centered care can be seen as the cornerstone of a nurse’s practice. First of all, focusing on the patient and his needs is primarily identified with the care that the nurse must provide. Furthermore, such an attitude breaks the doctor’s usual authority over the patient, providing psychological comfort and the absence of tension and fear during treatment. Moreover, respect for the patient should raise the level of general motivation in the treatment area, set an example for other doctors, and give the feeling that we live in a world where everyone cares. In order to make such a method of care a reality, it is necessary to master some fundamental skills that form a humane approach to the patient, based on interaction with him. Learning Goal #1 – Reflection Regular reflection, the ability to ask questions and question the environment, and an inquisitive mind are essential skills for a nurse. It is not just new information and its receipt that is important here, but rather the ability to build your attitude to a particular situation, based on the available data. Understanding that you take your own place and attach importance to it makes it possible to do your work meaningfully and thoughtfully, giving it a purpose. Goal #1 – Activities and Timeframes It should be my task to be constantly on the alert, to be ready to change my ideas depending on how common sense requires it in the case of each particular patient. Reflection implies the ability to comprehend and give meaning to the environment in order to navigate in it. In the case of my profession, this is the environment – patients and their condition. Learning Goal #2 – Dialogue As important as the internal dialogue with oneself, I find the dialogue between the nurse and the patient. Patient-centered care includes conversation as one of the basic practices of interacting with the patient and a logical and easy way to understand his needs. The ability to listen and the desire to really help a person, to try to fulfill his expectations, is the key to this method of care. Goal #2 – Activities and Timeframes Obviously, the empathy inherent in such a humane approach works positively, helping the patient to more effectively feel himself, understand what is bothering him, and articulate it more clearly. In addition, respectful dialogue and the pursuit of understanding between the patient and his nurse can serve as a guarantee of continued recovery. Pleasant communication does not harm in any way and even helps the patient because it makes the environment around him as psychologically favorable as possible. Learning Goal #3 – Collaboration In the light of patient-centered care, an equally important skill is a collaboration between doctor and patient, an interaction aimed at achieving results as quickly as possible. The patient’s personal preferences are pronounced by him with sufficient sincerity to believe in their ver
The belief that the order of things is already decided and that people’s lives are determined by some “greater power” is called fate. Many people, called fatalists, believe this and that they have no power in determining their futures. Others, on the contrary, believe that coincidence is the only explanation to the way human lives turn out. In R. Davies’s Fifth Business, the tenor, Percy Boyd Staunton, decided to change his fate to get what he personally desired of life. In T. Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles, fate brings Tess an unwanted destiny which has resulted in bad fortunes. Guilt, fate and death are shared premises in both of the novels. In Davies’s Fifth Business, Percy Staunton tried to deny his own guilt for what happened to Mary Dempster, he blamed Dunstable Ramsay instead: “We looked into each other’s eyes and I knew that he was afraid, and I knew also that he would fight, lie, do anything rather than admit what I knew. And I didn’t know what in the world I could do about it.” (Davies, page 20) In contrast, Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles, depicts Tess Durbeyfield in search of a better destiny for herself and her family. This was, in fact, a result of Tess’s father’s being told that the Durbeyfields are found to be the only living descendant of the historically noble d’Urberville family. Talking to a clergyman Durbeyfield claims: “I’ve got a wold silver spoon, and a wold graven seal at home, too; but Lord, what’s a spoon and seal?… And to think that I and these noble d’Urbervilles were one flesh all the time. ‘Twas said that my gr’t-granfer had secrets, and didn’t care to talk of where he come from…. And where do we raise our smoke now, parson, if I may make so bold; I mean, where do we d’Urbervilles live?” (Hardy, page 9) Later, Tess is abused by Alec, the lascivious son of the