ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: The Significance of the Issue In the age when the environmental awareness has become an integral part of everyone’s life, the issue of drinking water pollution causes considerable anxiety and demands immediate solutions. Unfortunately, in the light of the recent conducted researches, the fact that drinking water is being polluted by large amounts of chloramine is undeniable, as well as the fact that chloramines is especially hazardous for people’s health. It is worth mentioning that certain steps have already been undertaken to avoid the danger of pollution. However, it cannot be denied that the issue of chloramines in drinking water remains unsolved, which calls for another consideration of the issue and offering probable solutions of the given problem. Analyzing current researches (see Adams, C., Timmons, T., Seitz, T., Lane, J., & Levotch, S. (2005), ENDS report (2009), Obolensky, A., Singer, P., & Shukairy, H. M. (2007), Shang, C., Qi, Y., & Lo, I. M. C. (2005) and Yang, J., Harrington, G., & Noguera, D. (2008)) and the recently offered solutions, one can possibly evaluate the impact of the problem and predict the outcomes. ENDS Raising the Awareness of the Problem Although the report offered by ENDS cannot be considered an all-embracing research on the issue of chloramine emergence in drinking water, it is still a considerably detailed summary of the problem and the probable consequences. The given paper raises people’s awareness of the issue and, even though omitting certain relevant information, it still offers an honest report on what effects chloramine has on the drinking water and how it can possibly threaten people’s health. It is important that the authors focus on the previous use of chlorine and explain the benefits of chloramines: “Drinking water disinfected with chloramines instead of chlorine is more likely to pass regulatory standards for disinfection by-products, researchers have confirmed” (27). The Factors Enhancing the Problem and How to Eliminate Them One of the most notable researches in the given field, the one conducted by Shang & Lo (2005) allows to see where the problem of chlorine starts from and what exact factors enhance the increase of chloramine in the drinking water. Helping to realize where the given problem stems from, the researchers thus allow to approach some solutions for the problem. According to the research, “Generally, there are three ways to achieve monochloramination in practice, namely, preammoniation, concurrent additions, and preformed monochloramine, according to the sequence of chemical additions” (Shang & Lo, 2005, 120). Showing how the three above-mentioned procedures run, the researchers help to understand how to prevent these factors from occurring. Chloramine and the Formation of By-Products: Where It All Starts Another important research concerning the use of chloramines in drinking water and the corresponding consequences, the paper by Obolensky, Singer, & Shukairy (2007) allows to evaluate the actual threat and see the damage it can make. In addition, it is essential that the researchers manage to off
In our daily life everyone faces the social problem. The social problems are listed below:-  1. Gender discrimination  2. Human rights  3. Poverty  4. World population  5. AIDS  6. Violence  7. Child labor  8. pollution  9. injustice Gender discrimination Gender means “division of sex” i.e. male and female. Gender discrimination is the discrimination within the group of people or within the people. For example: Some time there is discrimination with girls, the girls are not given proper education. Education of computers, or other science education. Which is very unfair. So there must be equality with each and everyone. Pollution There are many types of pollution such as air, water, land, soil, noise, chemical pollution. Pollution is defined as the change in the natural environment by human being causes pollution. Noise pollution is defined as the unwanted sound. When toxic substance are entered into water, it becomes polluted. Chemical pollution is due to the waste from the factory or industry discharges chemicals, mining discharge, etc. Air pollution is caused due to SO2, CO2, combustion of coal, smoking, ozone in the atmosphere causes air pollution. Land pollution can be reduced by recycling, resource recovery. Poverty Poverty is defined as lack of shelter, hunger, food to eat, house to live, Etc. The people in need of this thing states the definition of being poor. The poverty is spread all over the world. People don’t even get food to live. Clothes to cover themselves. Due to poverty many people die because of hunger. A chance should be given to poor people to show their skills, and should be paid good as to cover themselves from cold and have food at a time. World population One significant method to reduce measured population enlargement, and encourage essential human growth, as per the World Watch Institute, is development of the well organism of women by prolonged admission to health care, teaching and service; and man should be given knowledge to be more responsible towards his family. Every minute every 16,743 are born. AIDS AIDS is caused by the virus known as HIV. AIDS is known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome. HIV is the blood transmission disease. AIDS is caused by using someone’s used needle who is also suffering from HIV virus. If mother have the same problem then it shall be caused by the infant having the mother’s milk. There is no permanent solution for this disease, only it can only reduce the rate of HIV virus by having some drugs or related medicines. The one with HIV, if he/she gets bleed, then one should always remain alert, because it is blood transmitted disease. The precautions should be taken, with one who is not suffering with HIV:   * One must not feed the infant or the baby   * One must not use any injections which are used by someone else   * Avoid the person who got HIV, had bleed or cut of anything which leads to bleeding   * Protect everything in contact with blood. Chi
Introduction The European Union is not only a political union but also an economic one that has a regulatory regime designed to ensure the quality of goods and services. It has thus devised a checklist with regulations and standards that merchandise manufactured by its member states and stakeholders must meet. These regulatory measures also ensure that goods and services move freely within its member states. In addition, this body sees to it that common policies like the use of a common currency are applied in the market operations and this makes it easy for member states to engage in various businesses. On the other hand, the EU looks into the quality standards that must be put in place in the manufacture, usage and disposal of electronic devices. It was with this issue therefore that the EU resolved to introduce the Electromagnetic Compatibility directives which would be enforced and monitored to ensure that the environment was kept free of electromagnetic waste and that manufacturers took more responsibility in guiding users on the usage and disposal of electronic equipment (The World Fact Book, 2010). This paper looks at the EU regulatory directives with special focus on the EU Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) directive. EU Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) directive that an electrical, electronic and computer products need to comply with The EU came up with a directive on electromagnetic compatibility in 1997 well known as the 89/336/EEC. This directive lacked legal status and there was a great need to modify it and in 2004 and a new directive under the title 2004/108/EC came into place. The objectives of introducing this EMC directive were to enhance the free movement of electronic goods in the EU market. In addition, this objective was geared at ensuring that the environment was kept safe through the manufacture of electromagnetic apparatus that are acceptable according to the set standards. This directive not only applied to fixed installations but also to apparatus circulating in the EU market. To ensure that compatibility with these regulations was adhered to, the EU came up with certain provisions. These included checks that would ensure that the equipment would meet the laid down requirements. Good engineering also coupled up as a provision to govern the compatibility regulations and member states had to come up with measures that would curb non compliancy. These modifications gave the 2004/108/EC directive a legal status which included clear distinctions on what was acceptable and what was not. In addition, the new directive emphasised on the inclusion of definitions of the electromagnetic equipment to shed clarity to the buyers. (European Union, 2010). Another directive on compatibility that electrical, electronic and computer products need to comply with protection requirements laid down by the EU. This equipment must undergo an assessment procedure which ensures that they meet all the requirements. Fixed installations are however exempted from the EC Declaration of Conformity (DoC) as well as the CE marking and though they must meet the protection requirements. Manufacturers have t
Case Scenario Summary Mr. M is an elderly male patient whose health has been deteriorating quickly for the past two months. He exhibits symptoms of memory loss, such as failing to recall numbers, names, and short-term events. During these times, he appears to be agitated, fearful, and easily provoked into aggressive. He has been found sleepwalking and required help to get back to his room every time. The patient became incapable of performing even the simplest of tasks, such as bathing, clothing, and feeding oneself, requiring assistance in every case. The nurses at the ADL facility are concerned and have requested additional tests to understand the root of the matter. Patient History Summary Mr. M is an elderly patient aged 70, with a plethora of age-related healthcare issues. His experiences include limited physical activity relating to ambulation and an unsteady gait. His history of diseases includes hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, post-appendectomy, and tibial fracture with no complications. The patient uses a variety of medications to manage the symptoms of his conditions, including lisinopril, Lipitor, Ambien, Xanax, and Ibuprofen. Mr. M has no known allergies, does not drink or smoke. Clinical Manifestations of the Disease The identification of clinical manifestations of the disease is an important first step toward a correct diagnosis and the development of a plan of action to improve the patient’s short-term and long-term stability (Mielsen, 2016). Clinical manifestations stand for identifiable symptoms detected by the patient or a nursing specialist in the course of a physical assessment and laboratory testing. The following findings have been identified in the course of this case study:   * The patient has an unusually high concentration white blood cells in the blood and urine. Total WBC count is 19.2 (1,000/uL);   * The patient has a slightly increased temperature of 37.1 C, whereas the norm is 36.6 C. This may indicate inflammatory processes in the body.   * The patient has trouble recalling the names of his relatives, his room number, and the words he just said or read. These symptoms indicate both short-term and long-term memory loss.   * The patient expresses confusion and aggression in the aftermath of a memory loss incident.   * The patient has trouble locating himself in space and is often found wandering at night by the nursing staff. These manifestations indicate to a plethora of potential diseases of different origin occurring all at once, but affecting different systems of the patient’s body. The following sections will delve deeper into the potential diagnoses. Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Diagnoses The most concerning symptoms, associated with the loss of mobility and capacity to take care of oneself, are connected with short-term and long-term memory loss, as well as mood swings associated with them. These symptoms coincide with symptoms of a condition known as dementia, which is characterized by memory loss, increased levels of confusion and aggression, and sleepwalking (Mielsen, 2016). The latter is oft
Essay Introduction Wu Zetian, the only female ruler of China, lived in an era when women were considered the lower population. Despite this, she managed to rule a huge country. Today, Wu Zetian is perceived as one of the founders of feminism. She was born February 17, 624 in a well-off, but not too aristocratic family, and her father was a wood merchant. During one of the numerous wars, he fought in the imperial army. From the very childhood, Wu Zetian was a rather talented child interested in poetry and art. She was only 14 years old when her father died, and Wu Zetian became the younger concubine in the harem of Emperor Taizong. Way Up The inhabitants of the Celestial Empire, the name used to refer to China, perceived boys as continuers of the family, breadwinners, and those whom parents can rely on in their old age. The girls were second-class people. In the harem of the Chinese emperor and a wealthy Chinese, there were the first, second, third, fourth wives, concubines, slaves, and servants who did not have the opportunity to communicate freely with their masters. The betrayal of the inhabitants of the harem was to be punished by death penalty. The described context allows understanding that it was quite difficult for a woman of that time to become prominent and almost impossible to become an emperor. It was after the death of Taizong, when people began to understand the intention and potential of Wu Zetian. As it turned out, a small concubine did not spend years in the harem in vain dreaming of the mercy of the master. She has managed to establish more than a warm relationship with his son Gaozong. After the death of his father, Gaozong, the heir to the throne, realized that he needed the assistance of the faithful Wu Zetian and introduced her into his harem. This act was incredible for those times as all the concubines and wives of the previous emperor were to either live in monasteries or to be poisoned. No one dared to oppose the will of the emperor. Thus, the clever Wu Zetian, unlike her senior concubines, continued her days in the harem, but not in a monastery. However, she still had to spend some time in the Buddhist monastery, but soon she returned to the palace. Some time passed, and Gaozong officially recognized Wu Zetian as his wife. This meant that now she was the main wife. It is clear that the emperor did not intend to refuse the harem. It seems significant to point out the fact that such a position for a woman meant that her son would inherit the throne and, in general, the fact that she is the main woman in the life of the ruler. The rise of the mentioned commoner was insulted by the entire high
The popularity of warehouse clubs Over the past few years, entrepreneurs have greatly integrated the concept of warehouse clubs. An example of a firm that has integrated this concept is Costco Company. Through this strategy, the firm has strengthened its market position and also increased its profit levels. Warehouse clubs refer to stores that provide a wide range of merchandise to the consumers. The popularity of these stores is associated with a number of reasons. For instance, the stores have integrated the concept of low pricing strategy. To achieve this, the consumers are encouraged to purchase in large quantities to receive price and quantity discounts. This makes the clubs famous to both small and large business owners. Product diversity enables the consumers to attain a high level of efficiency in their purchasing patterns. In addition, the popularity of these clubs is associated with the fact that they have integrated the ‘no-frills concept. This means that the non-essential el
Statement of opportunity Orthopedic surgery practice intends to start MRI services to cater to the increased population in the local community and offer high-quality services which are not available from other MRI service providers. The main aim of Orthopedic surgery practice is to provide a portable MRI service that reaches all populations at an affordable price and of high quality with intend of reducing the congestion among the service providers. The administrator’s vision The administrator is the advantage of the failures of existing MRI service providers to deliver quality services. This will give them a competitive advantage as compared to other service providers. As described current service provider in the local community is not portable and not of high quality. The administrator has visualized a portable MRI, which is good for the community as it will reach the remote areas where there will be people requiring medical services. The population has grown drastically due to the movement of people to the area; thus, they need an MRI service provider who will reduce congestion among the service providers and offer quality services. The increased target market that varies from young to old requiring the services. The organizational structure will change drastically since a new product will be introduced. The portable MRI will require new employees to handle the portable services, which changes the organization’s structure. The organization may be at the moment being structured in a manner that they provide services only to orthopedic surgery. However, the MRI service will increase the number of departments within the organization. It will also require the acquisition of new equipment and increasing office space for the extra staff; the parking space will also be increased within the organization. If funds are available, there will be an increase in building and construction for the purposes of the project. The capital structure will be also be affected depending on the requirements and the mode of raising capital. However, the most affected structure of the organization will be the human resource structure, where there will be an increase in human resources introducing a new department for handling the service. The other structure that will be affected is the capital structure; extra money will need to be injected to support the new equipment, new employees, and construction of other facilities. Organization structure defines how tasks and jobs will be carried out formally among groups or employees and how it is coordinated. Therefore work specialization departmentation and formalization of activities within the organization will be affected drastically. Environmental factors Many environmental factors will affect the business before they start. The environmental factors that affect the business will include competition, political, legal, employment, economics, and many others. Competition Currently, there are companies operating and offering MRI services to the lo
Discuss the factors that influence the supply of a product or service to the market. The main factor in supply is the price of goods, which is associated with the law of supply. Moreover, several other factors are commonly referred to as non-price supply factors. These include the level of technology development, the price of resources, the amount of taxes, the number of producers, the size of the market, the availability of related products, and the expectations of producers. Explain what you understand by factors of production, and discuss the factor input costs that firms should seek to control. Factors of production are economic resources involved in producing goods and services. There are five factors of production: labor, land, capital, entrepreneurship, and information. In turn, production costs are the costs associated with the production and circulation of goods produced. They include material costs, depreciation, labor costs, interest on loans, and costs associated with promoting the product to the market and selling it. The control of these costs is a factor in the growth of profits and profitability of production. What steps can a government take to try and control rampant inflation? Methods of combating inflation can be direct and indirect. Indirect methods include regulation of the total amount of money through their management by the central bank and regulation of the lending and accounting process of commercial banks through their management by the central bank. In turn, direct methods include direct and direct regulation by the state of credits and thus the money supply, state regulation of prices, and state regulation of foreign trade, import and export of capital, and the exchange rate. Is GDP a good indicator of economic growth for a country, or are there other indicators more relevant? GDP is one of the critical indicators characterizing the development of any economy. While a country’s GDP allows economists to estimate the size of an economy, the method is often criticized for providing little information about living standards. GDP reflects the level of well-being only partially since it reflects only a person’s access to goods and services without considering health, education, the degree of inequality, and the protection of rights in the country. Indicators of the level and quality of life are numerous. This is primarily life expectancy, the incidence of various diseases, the level of medical care, the state of affairs with personal security, education, social security, and the state of the natural environment. Equally important are indicators of the population’s purchasing power, working conditions, employment, and unemployment. The Human Development Index summarizes some of the most critical indicators.