ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ethics is an important part of people’s daily lives. It is mostly applied in the business environment. The social nature of human beings makes them apply ethics in their daily interactions. Different people and cultures have used different methods of determining what is ethical for them. Some of the individuals that proposed frameworks for ethical analysis include Kant and Rawl. Kant proposed two formulations, including his categorical imperative, rule, act utilitarian, and social contract theory. On the other hand, Rawls proposed the theory of justice. This essay applies these ethical analysis frameworks to analyze an ethical issue from the article, ‘Aereo argues that ruling against it could hurt cloud storage business.’ Using these frameworks, the essay tries to establish whether it is ethical for Aereo to upload TV shows without paying royalties Summary of the Case The case is about a company that offers its consumers access to free TV programming. It allows them a chance to stream the local channels without paying royalties to them. The company allows users to stream videos, thus allowing them to access TV shows at the same time. Customers have an excellent opportunity to view their favorite TV shows by just renting an antenna and a DVR. The provision of content from local stations without paying royalties means that the company is infringing copyright rights. However, in court, the lawyers to this company claim that if the court rules that the company pays royalties, the cloud companies that provide similar services will be at risk. The lawyers say that the company offers services by storing videos that the users can access. However, these services are not different from those that are offered through cloud computing. The date for this case is 22 April 2014. Personal Feelings The case between the broadcast television networks and Aereo is an interesting one. It offers different ways of interpreting the ethical issue. Both parties provide logical arguments on the subject, with the company offering a counterargument that can be judged as being characteristically significant. The ethical issue at hand on whether Aereo should continue with the provision of its services can be assessed in several ways. My opinion is that the company should pay royalties just like any other company that offers cable television services. However, although the claim that is provided is valid, people might wonder whether cloud computing will be affected by any decision that requires Aereo to pay royalties. Stakeholders The two main stakeholders, in this case, are Aereo and the broadcast TV networks. Aereo is a stakeholder because it stands as the company around which the ethical issue revolves. The company has made profits by providing services to its consumers without having to pay royalties to the broadcast television networks. This move qualifies to be unethical. The broadcast TV
The article titled “Should College Athletes Be Paid?” is focused on the exploration of a rather popular contemporary issue – the status of the modern college athletes. The article describes a typical case of a college football game with tens of thousands of spectators, star athletes, and massive popularity. In the case it is mentioned that the university of a star athlete receives a revenue that estimates approximately one hundred thousand dollars a year, at the same time, the athlete’s annual scholarship accounts for ten thousand dollars only (Tucker 309). According to the rules of NCAA, college athletes are not considered to be employees and cannot be paid for what they do even though they are responsible for huge incomes of their universities and NCAA itself (Tucker 309). The regulations created by NCAA are the basis for the monopsony established by the universities in order to attract the high performing athletes. To get the best players, colleges and universities provide them with numerous illegal benefits such as trips, cars, or money (Tucker 309). Acquiring the high-performers among athletes increases the universities’ popularity, grants them TV appearances, participation in the prestigious tournaments, and even bigger revenues. The illegal actions of the monopsony of universities disobeying the rules of NCAA benefit the athletes whose performance finally gets rewarded in a more appropriate way, yet it leads to the dissatisfaction of the institutions that follow the rules of NCAA, tend to underachieve in the field of sports and lose popularity compared to the cheating institutions. In order to solve this problem an official monetary reward needs to be provided for the college athletes. Yet, it is undecided which side should provide the payments – NCAA or the universities. The popularity of college sports is massive in the United States today. Even though NCAA keeps emphasizing that college athletes are, primarily, students, the practical approach shows that they also are rather busy employees. First of all, high-achieving college athletes need to keep training for many hours a day to stay in good shape and maintain good results. This way, the average week of a college athlete includes around forty three hours of trainings, which basically matches the time an average American employee spends at the workplace weekly. Therefore, stating that college athletes are primarily students is incorrect. Besides, it is worth mentioning that frequent tournaments and exhausting trainings make the athletes s
Introduction Among the major challenges that have continued to threaten the existence of man on planet earth is the decreasing availability of water. Water resources are now being used for generating electricity and manufacturing industrial products among other uses that have recently emerged (Business Council of Australia 2011). Rainfall remains the major source of fresh water. Regions that receive adequate rainfall are often rich in water resources. Often, such regions produce high agricultural yields, and have abundant fresh water sources such as rivers and lakes. On the other hand, regions that receive very low rainfall (such as deserts) have scarce water resources (IBG 2011). With an average annual rainfall that falls below 200mm, deserts are the driest regions on our planet. Due to scarcity of rainfall, Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Australia are among the regions on our planet that have been hit by a recurring problem of water scarcity (Royal Geographical Society 2008). Causes of Water Scarcity Usually, the main cause of water scarcity at any place or region is lack of enough annual rainfall (IBG 2011). Most of Africa, Australia, and Arabia consist of dry areas that receive low rainfall. Exacerbating the problem of water scarcity in Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Australia is the fact that most of these regions consist of huge deserts where it seldom rains. With the lack of adequate rainfall at his habitat, man has been forced to make necessary adaptations (such as the exploitation of alternative water sources) so as to survive (Chartres 2006). Ironically, it is now becoming clear that man has been greatly contributing to the water scarcity problem. Often, man has failed to exploit existing water resources in a sustainable way (Chartres 2006). Many people who live in the dry regions that I have mentioned above are not aware of the presence of abundant water resources (like underground water) in the areas that they reside. Man has even failed to exploit rain water adequately for his own benefits (Shaw 2008). For example, in areas that experience alternating dry and rainy seasons, it is common for people living in such areas to experience water shortage during dry spells (IFAD 2008). Such a direction can be avoided through the use of appropriate water harvesting techniques. Generally, a failure to employ appropriate tools to exploit water resources has greatly contributed to problem of water scarcity. Another factor that can generally contribute to water pressure is a rapid increase in population. In recent years, Africa has especially seen a gradual increase in her population. Due to her increasing population, a UNDP report is now predicting that water shortage in Africa will even be
Introduction Teachers around the world have been charged with the responsibility of providing high quality education to the students in the society. For them to execute their duties effectively, teachers should conduct themselves professionally. It is noted that in order for one to be considered as a professional, they have to accumulate knowledge and skills that are essential for personal and career development. These skills are obtained from, among others, consultation with other professionals, coaching, supervision, as well as provision of technical assistance (Shambaugh and Magliaro 7). Mentoring is also an important aspect when it comes to professional development. This is given that mentors serve as role models for those wishing to become professionals. Professional regulatory bodies also play an important role in this development. Such regulatory bodies put in place standards and regulations to ensure that their members conduct themselves in a manner that maintains the positive image of the profession. Likewise, for a teacher to be considered as a professional, they must conduct themselves in a manner that is in line with standards laid down by teaching regulatory bodies. Professional codes of conduct in the world are more or less standardized. This means that the skills and responsibilities of a professional are not restricted to a particular location or nation. However, it is worth noting that professional regulatory bodies operating from different countries have different standards that regulate the conduct of their members (Baker and Bridger 578). These are some of the issues that will be discussed in this handout. The handout is meant to be used in a training session. Contextual Framework A teacher should fully understand their class to effectively cater for the needs of each and every student. This will also improve the relationship between the teacher and the students. This will in turn improve productivity in the learning process. The welfare of each and every student will also be addressed more effectively in such a case (Fraser and Fisher 499). Demographics refer to the characteristics or traits of a given population. A teacher should understand the various factors affecting the lives of his or her students. The environment within which the student lives has been noted to significantly affect their performance and behavior in school (Osborne and Salzberger 12). By understanding the social background of each and every student in the class, the teaching professional will be abl
History, development and company growth over time Background information; TomTom Pieter Geelen and Frans Pauwels established TomTom in 1991. The firm is headquartered at the Netherlands. The firm initially operated under the name Palmtop and its core operations entailed developing software applications for handheld computers, which gained popularity during the 1990s. However, the firm diversified its operations by investing in the production of different software applications such as maps, dictionaries, and games. Moreover, the firm invested in production of navigation software such as RouteFinder and Enroute. The emergence of Microsoft Operating Systems presented a threat in the firm’s survival. In a bid to deal with this challenge, Palmtop invested in the development of applications that were compatible with Microsoft’s personal computers. Palmtop changed its name to TomTom in 2001 and ventured into satellite navigation market by launching a new mobile car satnav system named ‘TomTom Navigator’. In 2002, the firm generated € 8 million in sales revenue by selling its first Global Positioning System car navigator, viz. PDAs and its TomTom Navigator. In 2003, TomTom launched the Navigator 2, which is an upgrade of the first version. TomTom’s commitment to innovation has played a significant role in promoting the firm’s growth. Furthermore, the firm is focused to improving its competitive advantage by investing in its human capital. Currently, the firm has a highly qualified marketing and technical staff. Subsequently, the firm has gained substantial market share. TomTom completed its Initial Public Offer [IPO] in 2005 and it was listed in the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. Through the IPO, TomTom raised € 469 million, hence increasing its financial strength. For example, the IPO increased the firm’s net-worth to € 2 billion. In addition to new product development, TomTom’s growth has also emanated from the adoption of the concept of merger and acquisition in its strategic management practices. During the period ranging between 2006 and 2008, TomTom acquired three firms, which include Tele Atlas, Datafactory AG, and Applied Generics. Strategic acquisitions have significantly improved the firm’s competitiveness. For example, the firm was able to deal with the intense competition posed by Garmin, which is its biggest rival. TomTom’s operations are based on three main areas and the firm intends to provide customers with better maps by developing a strong map database, which is continuously upgraded. With regard to routing, the firm owns the most elaborate database with regard to historical speed profile across the world. Furthermore, the firm gives its clients traffic information as it happens. Company’s internal strengths and weaknesses TomTom is committed to developing a strong competitive advantage. In a bid to achieve this objective, the firm has developed substantial strength with regard to continuous innovation. The firm’s strength with regard to continuous innovation is evidenc
Introduction Nowadays, everyone is bound in real-life problems. Those days are passed away when a person had little worries with a simple lifestyle, but now things are changed and this world has become the racing ground. Hypertension is a gift of this fast-moving world, HTN or HPN or hypertension is also referred to as high blood pressure. Hypertension is a medical condition in which blood pressure is chronically elevated. Basically, hypertension can be categorized into two: Primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. There are different causes of hypertension some are: Obesity, Sodium sensitivity, Role of rennin, Insulin resistance, Sleep apnea, Genetics, Age, and Liquorices. Ace inhibitions and angiotensin block ii repeaters are widely used for renal failure patients for the treatment of hypertension (MacDougall, 2008). Both these products are well tolerated with few side effects. ACE inhibitors are widely used for failure heart treatment. According to the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for the treatment of chronic heart failure, even patients with the stage (Field, 2008). Side effects ACE inhibitors may induce skin rashes, angioneurotic edema, diarrhea, cough, and dizziness. Ace inhibitors usually do not cause a lot of side effects but a few of their side effects include: Cough, swelling around lips, can cause faintness, dizziness, and low blood pressure. Ace inhibitors can cause some problems to your kidneys or potassium level (Heart Failure Medicine, 2002). On the other hand, angiotensin receptor blockers can cause dizziness, headache, hyperkalemia, rash, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abnormal liver function, muscle cramp, myalgia, back pain, lower abdomen pain insomnia, decreased hemoglobin levels, renal impairment; it can also cause nasal congestion. Frequency 24 patients were selected with uncontrolled hypertension despite taking ACE inhibitors. Patients were taking 16 mg of candesartan per day with a combination of Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) antigen (Ag), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) Ag, and high C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, were Measured during low salt intake at baseline after 2 weeks of ARB therapy. Results showed reduced systolic (155±17 vs. 139±13, p<0.001), and diastolic (91±9 vs. 81±8, p<0.001) blood pressures (BP). No major changes were measured in PAI-1 Ag (66±51 vs. 68±52, p=0.9), t-PA Ag (12.6±5.3 vs. 13.3±4.7, p=0.3), TAFI % activity (119±30 vs. 118±32, p=0.9) and hsCRP (3.9±3.4 vs. 3.6±3.6, p=0.7) levels after the addition of an ARB(Yusuf S, 2000). ACB inhibitors and astigmatism blockers are more effective in patients with CKD (KODI, 2003). ACB inhibitors and ARB can be used combinable for the treatment of lower blood pressure and Proteinuria. With the use of AT1 blockers, about 7% of patients reported prescriptio
The foundation myths of Rome represent some of the qualities vital for a successful state in antiquity – decisiveness, militancy, and political and social flexibility. Historians of different sorts have been trying to understand and interpret the story of Romulus and Remus since its creation. The following stages of Rome’s supposed history also raise many questions regarding fratricide, abduction, rape, and also the backgrounds of Rome’s first citizens. The fact that according to most of the myths, Rome started from fratricide seems to be quite relevant as the city’s history is famously filled with civil conflicts and wars. Many historians tried to sugarcoat this episode – Cicero ignored it, Dionysius of Halicarnassus depicted Romulus as full of regret, and Egnatius suggested that Remus had survived and outlived Romulus (as cited in Beard, 2015). Another Roman historian – Livy – told the story of Romulus reacting to his brother’s actions, therefore, portraying the city’s founder as a hard, bellicose, but rather just person (as cited in Beard, 2015). Regardless of the interpretations, it seems that belligerence, resoluteness, and willingness to quickly resolve both internal and external conflicts with blood found their reflection in Roman myths and history. On the other hand, the history of Rome is the history of unprecedented openness, inclusiveness, and social mobility. The fact that the majority of first Roman citizens supposedly were criminals may cast an unpleasant shadow on the city’s legacy, yet in the end, this led to more open political an
Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 film which stars Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman and is based on Stephen King’s novelette Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption . Log line: the film chronicles a young banker’s prison sentence which he is serving for the murder of his wife and his wife’s lover and his eventual escape from prison. Protagonist: the protagonists of the film are Andrew “Andy” Dufresne and Ellis Boyd “Red” Redding. The major theme: perseverance is the major theme in the film. This is evidenced by the lengthy periods of time that Andy takes to meet his goals; from small goals like getting books for the library to his major goal of escaping prison. Inciting incident: the event that sets the story rolling is the sentencing of Andy Dufresne to two life sentences to be served back to back in Shawshank State Prison. Forces against them: major forces against the protagonists are the prison administration and the changes that come with life in prison. The prison guards are especially brutal towards the prisoners and do not respect the prisoners’ rights. Act structure: the film has a 3 act structure. The first act covers Andy’s trial, his introduction to prison life and his initial interaction with Red, Brooks, Heywood and “The Sisters”. Act two covers Andy’s tribulations brought on him by “The Sisters”, his time doing taxes for the guards, Andy laundering money for Warden Norton, Red developing a friendship with Andy, the release and suicide of Brooks and the murder of Tommy by the warden. Act three comprises Andy’s escape, Red being released on parole and the two of them meeting in Zihuatanejo as Andy had planned. Act climaxes: the climax of the first act is Andy getting sentenced to two life sentences to be served back to back. The climax that ends the second act is the death of Tommy after he is shot by Captain Hadley and the climax of the entire film is Andy and Red meeting in Zihuatanejo. Complications: the first complication is Andy’s encounters with “The Sisters” who are a prison gang that rapes and beats Andy. The second complication is Warden Norton’s unwillingness to let Andy appeal his case. Physical symbol: Zihuatanejo is an island in the Pacific Ocean and it is a symbol of hope and freedom in the movie. The Pacific Ocean in this film is used as a symbol too. Andy regards the Ocean as having no memory and this is a symbol of him leaving behind the past and having a fresh start, free of his past. A moment that shows character through action: Andy is calculating and this trait is clearly shown in the scene where he is explaining how he launders Warden Norton’s money using accounts in the name of someone who only exists in his imagination. After escaping prison Andy uses the identity he created to withdraw the money he was laundering for Warden Norton. Interesting narrative techniques: the story of Brooks is a subplot in the main plot that supports Red’s hopelessness about getting out of prison but juxtaposes Andy’s hope that he wi
Alcoholism is one of the major factors affecting the health of individuals and family relations due to the repercussions of the dependence. Liquor is highly addictive mainly because of the significant impact on the body leading to inhibitions and euphoria. The major effect rendered by the consumption and abuse encompasses compromising the individual’s perception, reactionary behavior, and judgment. It is a depressant to the central nervous system but causes profound damage to the liver; a condition referred to as liver cirrhosis. Drunkenness is a perspective that fosters the dependence of the victims on other family members. The main reason victims become dependent involves the overutilization of financial resources, loss of jobs, and health issues. The unproductive and dependence rate among the victims causes psychological abuse among the family members since the individuals resolve to violence as a desperate solution. The family environment is one of the mainframes that significantly influence the addiction rate among drunkards while fostering the contradiction within the scope of the aftermath. The poem “My Papa’s Waltz” focuses on the articulation of a relationship between a father and son. Roethke establishes that the amount of alcohol consumed is too much for a baby’s breath while the father dances with the son (4). On the one hand, the bond between the individuals is a symbol showing the necessary compassion between father and son. On the other hand, the poet demonstrates one of the ideal consequences of alcoholism through the imagery of a father and son interconnectedness. According to Sharma and Sharma, recovery from dependence lies in exposure to a therapeutic surroundings and constructive interactions (1347). The primary objective during the development of an action plan involves the involvement of relatives towards alleviating the main problem and enhancing growth. Alcoholism is a concept that leads to dynamic issues within the society enshrining the community’s health. Sharma and Sharma argue that different factors attribute to the behavior among the addicts (1348). An excellent example is the demonstrated affection between father and son based on alcohol consumption (Roethke 7). It is important to establish mechanisms that enhance communication among people as a form of understanding personal appeals. The poem showcases divergent attitudes among the audiences due to the dynamic imagery of a bond whose fragility depends on character among drunkards. On the one hand, and enhanced family environment fosters significant self-realization. On the other hand, the influence of liquor threatens the misconception and poor mentorship based on the impact on short-term happiness. The dependence on alcohol negatively affects the health of an individual that is an embodiment of a spiritual, mental, and physical being. In this case, Sharma and Sharma indicate the establishment of a therapeutic family environment fosters the optimal ac