ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Events Leading to the Attack The Pulse nightclub gun attack that occurred on 12 June, 2016 was the worst terror attack after the September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda attack. The attack was planned and executed by a 29-year old Omar Mateen. The events leading to the attack gave indications that Omar was planning an attack on United States soil either as an individual or in group. In May 2013, Omar made inflammatory remarks at his workplace that indicated that he was a Sympathizer of Al-Qaeda and Hezbollah terror groups. He was entered into the FBI list of possible terror sympathizers currently residing in the United States (Solnit, 2016). An investigation into his activities was launched and it was established that he had no links with the terror groups at that time. He was subsequently struck off that list, which meant that he was no longer under tight watch. Two weeks prior to the attack, he started making purchases of heavy weapons that should have raised alarm. He purchased SIG MCX rifle and a Glock 17 handgun. According to Bergen (2016), it is not abnormal for a person to purchase such heavy semi-automatic rifles, but sometimes their background check may be necessary to ensure that they are not radicalized individuals. In this case, very heavy weapons were sold to a person who had been on the FBI list as a sympathizer of terror groups. Within that same week of the attack, he tried to purchase body armor, another red flag that authorities should have detected given that he had just purchased heavy weapons. He also tried to purchase 1,000 rounds of bulk ammunition but the store attendants got suspicious and failed to sell the ammunition to him (Solnit, 2016). It is reported that the salesman at the store contacted the FBI to report the issue. However, no immediate action was taken. It is reported that Omar started visiting public places that were often popular, taking special interest with places that had limited security. The strongest indication of the intent of Omar to attack innocent Americans came on early morning on the day of the attack when Omar made a Facebook post account stating that the United States will taste the vengeance of ISIL. This left no doubt about the intention of Omar. It was clear, from the posts on his Facebook account, that he was either planning an attack or knew about people planning to attack the country. The Success of the Attack At about 2 in the morning of June 12, 2016, Omar walked into Orlando’s Pulse nightclub and began shooting indiscriminately at the patrons. The club, which is often frequented by LGBT people, had a considerably high number of patrons that particular night. About 20 minutes later, he called 911 and pledged allegiance to Islamic State and praised a number of terrorists who had died in the past either through suicide bombing or murdered because of their terror activities. It was apparent that the attack found the authorities completely un
Introduction Considering the importance of law in ensuring the freedom of citizens, it is imperative to make the process of legislation very seriously. In general, a legislature is regarded as a place where laws are made and passed. To ensure effectiveness, it is alleged that legislation must be handled carefully (Bauman and Kahana 15). Bearing in mind that laws that are not properly made can have a negative effect on innocent people, it is imperative to ensure that the legislative process is carried out soberly. Politically, the legislature is considered to be the highest institution in Canada’s political system. Apparently, Canada is preferred by many people in the world because of its strict system of government (Parliament of Canada 2). The country has an open parliamentary system designed to ensure that ordinary citizens are involved in the legislation process. Arguably, the democratic nature of Canada’s parliamentary system permits citizens to contribute to important nationals matters. This paper is written in the context of Canadian politics and examines the functions of the legislature in Canada. In addition, it looks at how members of parliament in Canada spend their time. Functions of the Legislature in Canada The legislature holds a very important place in the Canadian political system. It is composed of men and women elected to represent the people of Canada located in different geographical locations. The legislature provides a forum for representatives of the people to discuss important political issues. In addition, it is charged with the responsibility of creating and enacting laws. Typically, most laws in Canada are initiated as bills in the legislature or House of Commons (Parliament of Canada 4). The legislature also gives members of parliament an opportunity to ensure that the views and concerns of their constituents are heard and dealt with accordingly. Canada’s legislative branch is made up of two main bodies (Makarenko 1). The Canadian legislative system, commonly known as bicameralism, is also found in many other countries around the world. In the United States, the legislature consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate while the United Kingdom has the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The legislative body in Canada is made up of the House of Commons and the Senate. As a result, the passing of every law in Canada must receive the approval of both arms of the legislature. This notwithstanding, the two arms of the legislature are not in any way similar (Makarenko 1). While members of the House of Commons are elected by the people of Canada through a democratic election process, Senators are simply appointed. The elected members of the House of Commons are usually referred to as members of parliament, and their key responsibility is to represent the people. Compared to Senators, Canadian members of parliament have a more elaborate role. Drawing from the study by Makarenko (1), the legislative body in Canada has three important functions. The three functions can be identified as a responsible government, representation,
Introduction Environmental Management Systems have been identified as a means of encouraging environmental sustainable work practices and process improvement. Nevertheless, others have suggested that EMS is nothing more than an environmental compliance tool that may be useful to demonstrate compliance but in reality, provides little more. This analysis focuses on these views through concise literature review and discussion. Importantly, the discussion will lead to a justifiable and defendable conclusion on the real value of Environmental Management Systems. Environmental Management System In addressing the concept of environmental management, it is worth noting that every business organization has an impact on the environment, regardless of its size or operational activities. In other words, everybody within the business world has a role to play in promoting a safe and healthy environment. For setting these standards, the adoption of EMS was necessary as it works towards minimizing the negative impact of business activities on the environment (Abdullah 2007, p. 39). What is EMS? According to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), EMS is a tool designed to help companies to recognize and address the impact of their activities on the environment. This implies that issues of environmental management need to be incorporated within management issues of any active organization. Their intertwined nature implies that managers have to work towards being sensitive about the organization’s impact on the environment (Abdullah 2007, p. 40). The adoption of an EMS denotes the commitment of a company to integrate environmental issues into its daily management issues. While most forms of management concentrate on short-term issues, environmental management entails a continuous process in environmental performance for a long period of time. Oftentimes, an EMS usually changes in response to changes within the company (Bennin 2008). The commonest change is business expansion, which have a significant impact on the environment, thus calling for an improved management system. A part from organizational change, it is equally important for an effective EMS to recognize other factors like changes in laws governing the environment, competition within a market and ever-changing technology ( JAS-ANZ EMS Case Study 2008). Essentially, the principal aim of any form of environmental management approach is to lower the environmental impacts of an organization’s activities, without undermining its sustainable competitiveness within the market. In other words, environmental management goes beyond the management of environmental impacts, after they have already taken place. In fact, an effective environmental management should focus on eliminating or minimizing the possibility of environmental impacts. EMS Background Even though
Both healthcare providers and families in rural areas face a number of challenges associated with childcare services. A report by the Bipartisan Policy Center identifies that there is a significant shortage of childcare slots in most US states (Smith et al. 31). On average, demand exceeds supply by 31%, but in many states, this gap reaches 50-60% (Smith et al. 32). Notably, in 17 of the 25 states surveyed, rural areas had a greater shortage of childcare slots than urban ones (Smith et al. 35). On average, the gap in supply and demand in small towns reaches 35% percent (Smith et al. 35). Thus, the tendency for a shortage of childcare services is observed in all regions but is more pronounced directly in rural areas. Providers and families in rural areas and remote areas face challenges that prevent childcare services from working effectively. The main difficulties are associated with the financial sustainability of such institutions, as well as with the provision of convenient opening hours, which is especially important for small towns (Paschall et al. 1). The lack of economic resources is also affected by the smaller number of families and children in rural areas who use the services (Paschall et al. 1). An additional challenge faced by childcare providers is the need to transport children and the infrastructure associated with it (Paschall et al. 1). Thus, it is critical for childcare services in rural areas to develop special programs and seek funding sources. The research proposal related to the current issue is to research the options available to healthcare providers. It is necessary to consider which programs and models can have a positive effect on childcare activities in small towns. Additionally, special attention should be paid to considering possible sources of funding for providers. An important factor is the preservation of the availability of childcare, which is especially relevant for rural regions. The research should be based on the characteristics of childcare in rural areas and patterns of use of these services by families. Works Cited Paschall, Katherine, et al. Early Care and Education in Rural Communities . CCEEPRA, 2020. Smith, Linda K., et al. Child Care in 25 States: What We Know and Don’t Know . Bipartisan Policy Center, 2020.
There is no use denying the fact that nowadays, various organizations and companies try to align the mechanism of their functioning in order to achieve some success and become beneficial. That is why the issue of management is given great attention. There many various approaches created to organize the functioning of a certain company and control all processes that happen. Inventory management is one of these approaches. Being very important nowadays, it helps to increase the level of performance of any company. Baldenius and Reichelstein, in their article Incentives for Efficient Inventory management , also cogitate about the role which this remedy plays nowadays. The authors agree that the main aim of inventory management is to oversee the movement of various units into and out of the inventory of any company (Baldenius and Reichelstein 1036). However, they also underline the fact that it could help to increase the showings of the company only in terms of a flexible approach towards the management of a company and its activities. Baldenius and Reichelstein do not adhere to the idea that a planner should formulate an optimal inventory policy for a given structure (1038). Thus, they state the fact that being created, this policy, however, should not remain unchanged and be ready to adapt to new conditions. Moreover, researchers are sure that the main task of inventory management, which is to guarantee efficient distribution of existing inventory between the main needs, could be achieved only in case of constant monitoring of the situation and flexibility of the whole system. That is why it is possible to make a conclusion that the issue of inventory management could help to control the movement of units within a company and guarantee its prosperity in case of a wise inventory policy. Nevertheless, it should be said that the sphere of operation management has a great number of various theories that try to outline the main peculiarities of the functioning of companies and determine the best way of their management. Besides, the bottleneck theory is also used in the sphere of operation management. It is necessary to admit that, according to Gietzmann and Hemmer, bottlenecks are an integral part of every process (34). They determine the bottleneck as a decrease in the level of productivity of some organizations because of the stagnation caused by various reasons (Gietzmann and Hemmer 36). Though at the same time, they underline the fact that it is quite a natural process for growing companies, and it is vital for them to be p
In microeconomics, the concepts of price or demand elasticity refer to the sensitivity of buyers to price changes. When small variations in price bring about relatively large variations in buyer reaction, the price elasticity is high. The situation is reversed for low elasticity. Since various customers react differently to price changes, knowledge of demand elasticities helps to set prices. But the major problem is that detailed data are not available. Yet, several techniques can be used to approximate elasticities, including market tests, statistical techniques of historical or cross-sectional analysis, and surveys. Management need not determine precise elasticities; rather it needs reliable estimates and guides as to the break-even levels and likely profitability of price changes. The article “ House Price Mosaic ” discusses and analyses the problem of home prices and demand elasticity in this sector. In order to analyze the article, the price elasticity concept will be explained. Following Pindyck and Rubinfeld (2000) there are two basic ways of measuring elasticities – cross-cut analysis and historical data. Cross-cut analysis pertains to a point in time. Examples are interviewing buyers, using panels, simulating price situations, and conducting pricing experiments. The problems of statistical interpretation are many, however. Historical data are analyzed by time-series analyses that portray the association between prices and sales over time; this method is widely used in estimating elasticities. Regression and correlation analysis are its major tools, and the analysis ignores factors other than price that affect demand (Schiller, 2004). The article shows that it is difficult to predict price changes in the home market because of diverse economic factors and causes of price decline. The article states that: “This is about 55% off the previous sales price and even more of the apparent appraised value when the homeowner refinanced” (House Price Mosaic 2008). Pricing strategies depend on a point in time. Are markets rising or falling? What are competitors’ reactions? What is happening to costs? Strategies can be adopted that tend to discourage or invite competitors, that relate to the payout in research and development, or that generate images of qualities or bargains. Industries can decide to have high, low, or competitive prices. They can be price followers or leaders and can use several bases for price variations: geographical price discrimination (single and multiple basing points, f.o.b. factory, freight allowance, and equalization, and zone pricing), discounts and allowances (quantity, seasonal, cash, trade, and promotional discounts), channel and service discounts, guarantees against price declines, and firm prices over time (Pindyck and Rubinfeld 2000). The article underlines that it is difficult to analyze the current situation on the market because of price differences and geographical diversity. “Foreclosures are ripping through the rows of new homes in the flatlands
Cardiac rehabilitation is a broad branch of medicine related to the recovery of people with various heart diseases. This area is focused on improving the condition of patients by following a set of multiple exercises (“What is cardiac rehabilitation?” 2016). The course of cardiac rehabilitation is essential to ensure the quality and full life of people with heart diseases, so I chose this direction in my practice. However, there is one noteworthy program that aims to facilitate the recovery process for patients. It is called the high-intensity fast-track stroke rehabilitation program (or Fast Track) and was developed at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Tam et al., 2018). Two main reasons led to the development of the system. First, there is the problem of slow service for patients who are going through intensive recovery therapy. If there are 50 beds in a hospital, and each of them has a patient with a stroke, then slow patient care is inevitable, and the process can last up to 6 weeks (Tang). Therefore, it is proposed to create an outpatient rehabilitation program of high intensity, which will allow freeing hospital beds and speed up the time of treatment. The second significant factor is the price of these rehabilitation courses, which can be quite substantial. However, the proposed Fast Track program can significantly reduce treatment costs. According to studies, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for patients who are transitioning to a new system from the old method of inpatient rehabilitation amounted to approximately $ 404 for inpatient day saved (Tam et al., 2018). Thus, Fast Track shows itself to be an exceptionally effective system for the rehabilitation of people with heart diseases. Therefore, all patients with similar conditions become the target audience of the program, including those who could not afford expensive treatment before. Since any cardiac rehabilitation is a group work of a large number of people, nurses also take part in this process. However, the program is still under development and requires further research. First of all, it is necessary to study the real economic effects of therein program, and this is an area in which nurses can actively participate. Although the methodology has been beneficial from a medical point of view, its advantage as a system is not so distinct, since the team responsible for developing Fast Track used only coefficients (Tang). Thus, nurses can contribute to development by collecting statistics directly from patients. Since the nursing staff works with a vast number of people, they have the opportunity to receive information from them. As an example, two teams of nurses can focus on examining patient costs for routine inpatient care and Fast Track treatment. After such an examination, it will be possible to conduct a comparative analysis and using examples to establish the actual economic efficiency of the program accurately. Foll
Introduction The history of China is unique as it is characterized by the same unity among the Chinese people just like the one perceived after civilization (Ebrey, 6). So many Chinese philosophers have emerged with new ideas about how the people should live which has maintained a strong culture such that its impacts linger even today. The Chinese culture was enriched greatly through the classical Chinese language that highly stimulated visual associations. Tao Yuanming and other philosophers moved by powerful emotions used poetry extensively to communicate their ideas. Their ideas ranged from political criticism to peoples way of life, to trade and to the nature. Apart from expressing his emotions through “The Return: A Rhapsody”, Yuanming attempted to communicate the transformation most of the Chinese were undergoing as a result of civilization, yet there was natural force that pulled them to their culture. The Return: A Rhapsody Yuanming is inspired to write the poem after his retirement from the official work. He was among the few Chinese who held an official position during the time of early Chinese civilization. Despite being a government official, he sees no change in his life yet his mind is disturbed by the past memories. Like many other people, he sees an official job as an opportunity to supply the necessities of life. But, his freedom is not found in the contentment of working in such an environment, with the characteristics of civilization (noisy town). It is found rather in the quietness of the village life, in the serene of nature, where people maintain culture and togetherness. In the poem Yuanming longs to be out of the civilized world and go back home where his future lies. His wish is to live a life in which there is always an interaction with the nature, where he can experience the fruits of the nature. His worries no longer rest on the work he does in town, but the activities back home. “And I know that I do today is right, but yesterday was wrong” (Minford & Lau, 518). The Chinese people, used to the traditional ways of life are being frustrated by civilization. It has enslaved their minds as they reflect on their earlier expectations. Their culture is so much rooted into the nature such that they cannot tolerate the changes. What the new system values like respect for authority, means nothing to these people. Yuanming went to an extent quitting a position rather than showing any respect to authority above (Ebrey, 100). He is always against the system due to its ignorance of the ‘needs of human beings’. Civilization has not only denied some Chinese their pride of nature, but also the warmth of togetherness in the community. Naturally, Chinese love to live as one community where their families can share roles and ideas (Kuaah-Pearce, 165). Yuanming is overjoyed when he catches the glimpse of his home and the surrounding environment. He enjoys the honest conversation with the family and the farmers’ talk about farming. It might look as if it is his first time to visit the place, yet it is a home he has lived in before. Small thing li