ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
One can hardly imagine professional activity without modern technologies including the opportunities that the usage of databases gives. I am not an exception. In this paper, the database used in my working environment and its characteristics are described. Further, the entities that are part of the database are given. Finally, an entity-relationship (E-R) diagram for one of the entities is made. I work in Northwell Hospital. In my work setting, AHA Annual Survey Database is used. This database is notable for exclusive national survey data: it is a comprehensive census of United States hospitals based on the AHA Annual Survey of Hospitals, conducted since 1946 ( AHA annual survey database , n.d.). The guarantee of relevance and accuracy is one of the advantages. The information is constantly being collected on hospitals: annual hospital surveys are carried out. Each year, a questionnaire concerning different data, such as services availability, hospital administration, financial management issues, and staff, is sent to about 7000 registered hospitals in the United States; as a rule, the response rates are high, approximately 90%; all data are collected and verified by the American Hospital Association (Pol & Thomas, 2012). Under these circumstances, one may consider the AHA Annual Survey Database current. The purpose of the present database is to serve as the tool for making health care reports: it provides statistics produced from various sources that may help investigate present-day tendencies. In this context, state health care organizations and health care specialists, especially researchers, are expected to be the primary users of this database. However, the list is not limited to health professionals. AHA data are also used by government agencies, media, and the industry for accurate and timely analysis and decision-making; besides, some information from the database may be used to support sales, business development, planning, and marketing ( AHA data and directories, n.d.). Thus, potential users of the database are diverse. As for ease of use, the database is user-friendly. Information is represented in several categories. Organizational structure, facility and service lines, inpatient and outpatient utilization, physician arrangements, expenses, staffing, and other sections are examples ( AHA data and directories, n.d.). This governance makes work easier. Addressing the relationships among different actors in the context of different settings, one may use the diagramming technique known as an entity-relationship diagram (Opel, 2009). Patient, Physician, Ward, Testing, and Medicine are among the entities included in the database. The choice of these entities allows for taking into account both individuals involved in health care and the most crucial components of the environment that surround them. Patients are the center of health care: the system is intended to help them. Physicians are equally important since they do their best to cure people: they make
Introduction Competition in the corporate world coupled with ever-changing consumer needs have triggered the need for individuals to keep on developing and upgrading their careers. Currently, every employee has the duty of coming up with strategies to facilitate in developing his or her career. As organizations continue restructuring their operations systems, career hierarchies have been found to fade out. There is an increasing need for every employee to continue developing his or her career path to cope with the hasty growth in knowledge and changes that keep on emerging at workplaces. Unlike employee development that is conducted by organizational management, employees who take charge of developing their career are found to intensively commit themselves to the process (Bohlander & Snell 2010). This leads to them successfully developing the necessary skills as they undertake the process out of their will. This paper aims at giving a brief literature review on managing individual career paths. Managing individual career path According to Johansen, Kusy, and Rouda (1996), there are varied strategies used by individuals in managing their career paths. Individuals require assessing their current career status to determine their skills and identify the required skills. They are also able to highlight some of their benefits, knowledge, and abilities. Through this strategy, one can come up with clear information on the areas in his or her career that require to be improved. The strategy saves time that could be wasted by an individual pursuing a career skill that would not help him or her improve his/ her performance at the w
Aims, Objectives, and Rationale In the present-day business environment, every organization is tasked to deal with increasing competitiveness, which makes it rather challenging to stay afloat. What motivates companies to perform regular assessments of their practices in order to identify whether the currently implemented techniques are effective in winning a competitive edge. If they are not, the organization is faced with the necessity to choose another course. There are numerous management techniques that regularly come and go in the business world: T groups, diversification, management by objectives, Theory Y, Theory Z, empowerment, zero-based budgeting, etc. (Rao 2012). The majority of them were once believed to enhance organizational performance. There are plenty of organisations that eagerly embrace the latest trends and drop them as soon as they get disappointed in their effectiveness. This poses a question whether all these strategies are actually capable of boosting a company’s performance or they owe their popularity to the growing necessity to innovate (even without having any particular innovation plan) (Collins 2013). Thus, the major purpose of this research is to explore the utilization of fashionable management techniques (“fads”) in order to identify what effect they produce on organisational performance. The objectives will include, among others:   * to investigate the notion of management fashion;   * to find out what characterizes techniques that appeared as a result of popula
The findings from recent studies show many common features in the development of cardiac and craniofacial muscles. These similarities are the result of the link between the genetic program of cardiac muscles and the genetic program of craniofacial muscles (Kelly 2010; Tzahor 2009). In this context, the researchers focus on the development of the tongue as an important muscular organ (Parada, Han & Chai 2012; Tzahor 2009). The tongue is a specific muscle which origins are in the striated muscle’s development. The tongue’s physiological functions include swallowing, gestation, and speech (Parada, Han & Chai 2012). According to Parada, Han, and Chai, the tongue is derived from the brachial arches, and the cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) play the significant role in this muscle’s development (Parada, Han & Chai 2012). The researchers state that the tongue’s development has the hybrid origin in relation to the number and nature of cells which participate in development of the muscle (Parada, Han & Chai 2012; Tzahor 2009). Other studies in development of craniofacial muscles show that CNCC influence the formation of the tongue’s interstitial connective tissue (Kelly 2010; Tzahor & Evans 2011). From this perspective, the tongue myogenesis and tongue morphogenesis depend on the role of CNCC and transcription factors. Recent studies indicate that the development of the tongue is closely associated with the development of the heart because the formation of the head and heart occurs at the early stages of the embryo growth, and CNCC play the crucial role in this process (Milgrom-Hoffman, Michailovici, & Ferrara 2014). CNCC are characterised by the ability to migrate from different sites to form the craniofacial muscles, the heart, and aortic arch arteries (Tzahor 2009). Grifone and Kelly reviewed recent studies in the field and concluded that the evolutionary origins of branchiomeric and cardiac muscles are the same (Grifone & Kelly 2007). Other studies on the topic also revealed important links in the genetic programs of cardiac and craniofacial muscles (Kelly 2010; Tzahor 2009). Concentrating on similarities in the muscles’ genetic programs, Kelly stated that branchiomeric craniofacial muscles develop from the progenitor cells in pharyngeal mesoderm (Kelly 2010). A subsequent study conducted by Tzahor and Evans showed that pharyngeal mesoderm provides progenitor cells from its mesodermal population for both craniofacial muscles and cardiac muscles, while influencing the development of the first and second heart fields (Tzahor & Evans 2011). These findings directly addressed the provocative issue of the
Introduction United Airlines (UAL) is one of the largest airlines in the world with fleet of 702 aircraft that services both the domestic market within the US as well as several international locations. Starting from 2008 to the present UAL has attempted to gain greater access into various markets within Asia due to perceived gains from establishing international routes between the US and certain Asian cities. This paper will examine the reason behind this subsequent expansion and the strategies the company has evaluated and put in place in order to “ease into” this market segment it’s currently attempting to pursue. Current Problems within Traditional Markets Economic Recession The current problem with the airline passenger market within the US economy is the fact that consumer spending is at an all-time low due to the 2008 – present-day economic downturn. Unfortunately, the inherent problem with the current situation is that it creates a vicious cycle wherein low consumer spending results in companies reducing various aspects of their operational capacity (i.e., manufacturing of products, low-level employees, etc.) in order to remain in business which results in even lower consumer spending since people don’t have jobs to support themselves anymore. An example of the effect of such a behavior by major corporations can be seen in the US, wherein up to 8% percent of the population is unemployed due to workforce cutbacks employed by various companies in an attempt to continue to remain viable despite lackluster local demand. Another global factor that should be taken into consideration when conducting business operations is the current debt crisis in Europe that was brought about through not only the reckless actions of various banks within region (as seen in the case of Ireland) but also through government mismanagement of finances (seen in the case of Greece) and exposure to a reckless housing market (the case of Spain) which has also adversely affected domestic manufacturing within the US. Such factors have taken a steep toll on the airline passenger market with up to 50% of profits effectively wiped out in period immediately during the aftermath of the 2008 recession with only a marginal improvement on domestic flights. Domestic Competition There are distinctly two types of carriers within the aviation market today: legacy carriers and low cost carriers (Beirne, 2004: 30). Legacy carriers are composed of some of the oldest airlines within the industry today or are a result of subsequent mergers and acquisitions over the past 2 decades (ex: United Airlines, US Airways etc.) (Blurring the boundaries, 2011: 58). Low cost carriers on the other hand have actually come about rather r
Introduction Strategic analysis is important in business. It allows companies to analyze their competitive environment, define their position in the market, create competitive advantages over their opponents, and determine threats, weaknesses, and setbacks that may reduce their effectiveness in the face of new corporate and competitive challenges. This paper is dedicated to analyzing Boeing’s corporate governance, competition, value chain, and general strategy, and offering recommendations to ensure the company’s competitive sustainability. The Basics Strategic management is a set of actions and decisions that determines a company’s long-term performance. Strategic management is the highest stage of management evolution for companies that managed to advance through the first three phases of strategic management. These stages are short-term financial planning, long-term forecast-based planning, and externally-oriented planning (Casadesus-Massanel & Ricart, 2011). Strategic management suggests the integration of managerial staff at all levels in order to strive for the company’s primary objectives. It emphasizes long-term performance and adaptation not only to the existing realities of the market, but also prediction and preemptive adaptation to any foreseeable challenges and problems in the future. The strategic management model is the end destination and a requirement for all large companies and corporations that wish to be able to perform in the dynamic market and sustain their positions in the long run. Boeing implements strategic management in its business practices. One of the best examples of strategic management is that Boeing’s global business has been one for a very long time. The company managed to integrate itself into many international markets and has been maintaining a powerful presence ever since. Strategic management is required for keeping track of international developments and local market rules and regulations, in order to sustain a competitive advantage (Saeed, 2017). Another example of Boeing implementing strategic management is in its brand promotion strategy. Although the company has strong competitors in Europe like the Airbus, its name is used as a common noun for the word “plane.” The company’s branding strategy has ensured a loyal and large user audience. Boeing training is integrated into many flight schools around the world, which will ensure its strong competitive positioning in the long run (Saeed, 2017). Lastly, the company has shown attention to innovation in order to provide a better user experience. Boeing’s innovation teams are constantly working to improve the existing airplane models and create
The content of any literary work is from society. These works describe the various aspects of the community like economics, politics, and culture via the various genres of literature. Literature gives us a reflection of history but in a form that is both educative and entertaining. Literature is the mirror of society. Through various works of literature, we can be able to understand different aspects of the way of life of a people. Literary artists use individuals as characters in their creations. Through them, they represent a whole or a bit of society. The person is usually a product of his society. In William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily, he tells his story through a character Emily who comes to the spotlight immediately after her Father dies (Faulkner, 2005). His story, narrated in pluralism helps us make the assumption his descriptions pass for the general behavior of the people in the society at the period of his composition. Emily has lived all her life in the shadow of her father Grierson. When her father dies she believes that she now has control over him. She kills him as it is the only way she can have men in her life under control is through killing them. This piece of literary work is written at the period of the end of the civil war in America, and the south’s era of greatness is coming to an end (Faulkner, 2005). Many of the southern people refused to accept this change and are determined to maintain their superiority no matter the strangeness of the means they use. Emily brings out various desperate actions in this line. Her idea of controlling her men in death; her ability to maintain her composure even in her deepest grief depict a society resulting in desperate measures at desperate times. The south is a society where myth and reality are difficult to separate (Di Yanni, 2007). Another literary work that brings out a connection of the relationship between literature and society is Bambara Cade’s ‘The Lesson’. She is an artist that uses literature to tell of changes both in the community and the position, in social and political issues. Her writing redefines the identities of African American people especially women beyond the confines of racist and sexist stereotypes (Bambara, 2000). The main character is Sylvia is a young African American girl of about 14 years of age. The choice of words designated for this character shows a personality of strong opinions. Sylvia is not happy at all with her teacher, Mrs. Moore, one of the few educated women of that time. For instance the statement “we hated her too, hated the way we did the winos that cluttered up our parks and pissed on our hand ball walls” (Bambara 121) brings Sylvia’s feelings to the surface. “The Lesson” is a story that looks at the big gap between the different socio-economic classes in America at that time of its composition. Mrs. Moore determines to pass on the message to the children who desperately need it. The setting is in a period where many African Americans are relocating to escape from racism and poverty. The culture is highly interwoven with city living and their e
Art is an essential part of our life. Artists express their feelings and emotions, their points of view on different events in the past, their views of the future with the help of art. It is difficult in most cases for the viewer to get to know the real purpose or idea of this or that work of art. So, people get their own point of view about what they see, about what they perceive. That is why there is no one exact point of view about one artwork; different people perceive one and the same piece of art in different ways. We are going to analyze an artwork: Your Portrait (Votre portrait), which was made in 1966, by an artist Tetsumi Kudo in our Research Paper. Tetsumi Kudo was born in Japan in 1935. In 1958 he graduated from the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts where he studied oil painting. In 1962 Tetsumi Kudo left for Paris and stayed there for 25 years, but he remained Japanese. But even staying in France he continued to create his artworks. After his return to Japan in 1987, he began to study at Tokyo Art University. He did not graduate from that University, because he died in 1990. Mullarkey in his article writes, “his outlook was shaped by destruction and deprivation endured during the War and the subsequent rise of mass consumerism on the ruins of a tradition-minded order.” (July 2008) Kudo’s works include many different tendencies in themselves. Tetsumi Kudo was a rare artist who bridged many disparate artistic tendencies in the latter half of the 20 th century – including French Nouveau Realisme, international Fluxus, Pop art, 1960s anti-art tendencies, and 1980s Japanese postmodernism – without specifically belonging to any of them (Mullarkey July 2008). “Tetsumi Kudo: Garden of Metamorphosis” was his first personal exhibition which was organized after his death by Hiroko Kudo, his widow. The exhibition shows the works of an artis
Selecting a Company Boeing Co. is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The company has a market capitalization of $95.36 billion, and an average volume of 5.22 million stocks (“Boeing Co. NYSE: BA” table). It paid shareholders dividends at a rate of $0.73 per share at the end of 2013. The major competitor is Airbus Group. It has a market capitalization of $56.39 billion (“Airbus Group N.V. ADS” table). Airbus has earnings per share of $0.62 compared with $6.03 for Boeing. Economic Analysis The U.S. economy is moving upwards with key economic indicators showing improvement. The real GDP improved by 3.2% above the values that were recorded at the end of 2012. The seasonally adjusted GDP stood at $17,102.5 billion for the fourth quarter in 2013. Civil unemployment declined by 6.6% (FRED table). A higher real GDP and lower unemployment show that consumption is likely to increase. A higher GDP will result in higher aggregate demand, which will affect most industries positively. Real GDP and employment affect the operations of the company through its stock, and demand for products. Companies demand more goods and services when the economy improves. Optimism increases the stock prices by creating a higher demand in the stock exchange. People purchase more goods when they expect economic conditions to remain favorable. People save for precautionary purposes when they expect difficult economic conditions. Higher interest rates indicate the cost of raising capital for expansion has increased. The long-term interest rates are higher in 2013 than they were in 2011 and 2012. The graph of the 10-Year Treasury bills shows that the long-term interest rates have increased (see Appendix A). The 10-Year Treasury bill has a constant maturity rate of 2.76 (FRED table). The increase in interest rates for the long-term Treasury bills is an indication that other investment options are providing a higher rate. It is also an indication of increased demand for finances which is a sign of more opportunities. The 3-Month Treasury bill has a rate of 0.04%. The 3-Month Treasury bill rate has remained fairly constant since 2010 (see Appendix B). The low-interest rates are a result of the monetary policy seeking to create a favorable business environment. Boeing and Airbus are in an industry that relies on debt. Low rates on short-term loans mean the companies can obtain overdrafts for their cash account at a lower rate. The companies can also service their long-term debt at a lower cost compared with historical rates. A higher inflation rate reduces aggregate demand. A low inflation rate indicates that the purchasing power of the national income has been maintained. The CPI is a measure of inflation. The consumer price index (CPI) for all urban consumers averaged 233.109 in 2013 (FRED table). In the first month of 2014, it stood