ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The main issue presented within the memo involves the current salary of the present CEO (James) and whether it is in line with standard salaries for CEOs within companies of the same size and within the same market as PDQ. The author of the memo contends that based on the performance of the company, the current average salary rate for CEOs within the industry which is $300,000 and the “supposed” fact that workers at the company dislike James that replacing the current CEO is a matter of great urgency given that his lackluster performance and high salary are detrimental towards the growth and performance of the company. Reasons given  1. The CEO’s salary is too high  2. During his tenure the company has experience significant drops in performance  3. Workers at the company supposedly do not like him  4. He is rich, thus he would not feel the need to work hard  5. He has a low level of performance  6. In order to make the company better a new CEO would be needed Ambiguous Phrases There are several ambiguous phrases that piqued my interest within the memo. The first emphasized the current wealth of the CEO as detrimental towards his performance. The second emphasized on the need to replace him despite the lack of sufficient evidence and third involved an argument involving incentivized performance and compensation which was highly ambiguous given that various studies state otherwise. Descriptive Assumptions The memo explains that it is usually the case that the average salary for a CEO within a company of PDQ’s size is $300,000 and that due to the financial crisis most companies have actually frozen or cut back on CEO salaries due to lower profits. While this particular aspect of the memo is valid, the memo takes a strange turn stating that James must be fired on the basis of his supposedly lackluster performance (which the memo does not present sufficient evidence on), the fact that he is wealthy and would supposedly not work for the best interests of the company (similarly has no basis), the fact that the workers at the company supposedly dislike him (has not been confirmed with verifiable facts from the union) and on the fact that he has a high salary which is not commensurate with industry standards (considering the fact that it was based on a contract it should not be an issue). Fallacies in Reasoning While the memo was quite extensive in its use of a variety of statistics in order to properly frame its arguments, it made several assumptions that lacked sufficient evidence to actually prove to be accurate. First off, towards the end of the memo the author makes the following assumption regarding salaries and compensation: “everyone in the Human Resources field knows that “pay for performance” is the most effective compensation method”. The creation of this particular statement is versed in such a way so as to connote a certain degree of factual appropriateness to what was stated. This means that it was created to make people assume that “pay for performance” is the most effective method by stating that it was a well known practice within the field of human resources. In reality studies such as those by Goh & Gupta
Introduction This work aims to evaluate a specific scholarly article with a qualitative research method critically with the provision of relevant evidence and suggestions regarding the chosen methodology and findings. As a work for analysis, the study “Perfectionism and Life Narratives: A Qualitative Study” by Farmer, Mackinnon, and Cowie (2017) will be used. The research question posed in this article may be as follows: is it possible to categorize the manifestations of perfectionism in life on the basis of special classification groups through qualitative assessment? The authors utilize several frameworks (“relationship success, relationship problems, agentic redemption, agentic contamination, and academic success”) and compare the positions of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists (Farmer et al., 2017, p. 1). By analyzing the studies used in the literature review, one cannot find any apparent bias since all the sources focus on a specific topic and do not imply individual value judgments. The key objective of this critical work is to determine the relevance of the research methods utilized and their relevance to the stated results. Summary of Methods As a qualitative research design, a thematic technique is used, which is a convenient mechanism for evaluating the opinions of the involved participants regarding the topic covered. The sampling method is selective, and the principle of choosing people for the research is based on the self-identification of the members in accordance with their individual perfectionist inclinations. Invitations to participate were sent through personalized offers and online advertising. Despite the initial emphasis on the equal division of people into adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists, the authors were not able to observe the planned ratio, and more maladaptive members were invited (Farmer et al., 2017). All the data are obtained due to qualitative interviews through direct interaction with the target groups. Gorton et al. (2019) apply the identical principle of obtaining information, and the authors confirm that this method provides them with flexibility in interacting with participants. Therefore, this type of data collection is a convenient and suitable tool. Bracketing is referred to as an attempt to distinguish among individual stereotypes about types of perfectionists. However, Farmer et al. (2017) note that such work is conditional and may be perceived differently depending on personal positions. Reflectivity is also stated since thematic analysis implies obtaining objective data directly from primary sources. The analysis took place after receiving all the required information, and the coding system addressed each data element in order to compose a holistic picture of the results in the future. As Newman (2016) notes, qualitative studies imply collecting data and conducting observations in natural research settings. Therefore, the analysis of all the information obtained in detail helps achieve an objective assessment. In order to ensur
In spite of differences in their doctrines, the Christian churches are focused on following the word of the Bible and God’s principles in order to provide the Christians with the feeling of safety. The Christians can rely on the necessary support and counseling to feel safe and also protected with references to the pastoral care. Thus, the followers of Pentecostalism discuss the Church as the place to become closer to God because of the personal experience and connection with the Holy Spirit. The Pentecostal Church works to unite the believers in their intentions to feel the miracle of the Holy Spirit and provides the necessary guidance for the followers. From this perspective, the theological study of the Pentecostal Church’s principles can be rather helpful to understand the idea of the pastoral care in relation to Pentecostalism because of their obvious connection in ideals. The Pentecostal Church develops not as the connecting link between God and believers, but as the guide and herald of the good news to stimulate the followers’ personal experience, and the idea of guidance and counseling in relation to the Pentecostals also influences the vision of the pastoral care as the concrete sphere where the guidance can be realized. The Pentecostal Church as any other church belonging to the contemporary religious movements works to establish the strong connections between pastors and followers in order to contribute to the believers’ personal connection with God and the Holy Spirit. To contact with the Holy Spirit in order to receive the definite knowledge and experience, the Pentecostals really do not need to organize meetings in churches, but the doctrine of the Pentecostal Church is based on the idea that the church provides the necessary support for all the believers and help them contact with the Holy Spirit not through certain rituals but with the help of strong emotional connections. Hemeyer pays attention to the fact that “the experience of highly emotional worship and religious ecstasy is the foundation of Pentecostalism” 1 . God’s power and knowledge is present in the souls of all
Does God exist? Is There Proof? Can one know that for sure God does exist? The question of God’s existence is one of controversy and hard to place an answer on. According to religion the existence of mankind is out of there being a God. Well, this could be so but science seems to differ, it has brought about different theories on the existence of everything. For millions of years there has been controversy on the existence of God, how everything came to be is based on a Supreme Being, but the question is this Supreme Being God? God’s existence is compared to that of an artist, a watchmaker, a designer of whom when planning his art did not know if it would do well, behave in the way he intended it to behave, but had faith that it would. As an architect he sat down and came up with a design he believed would be perfect both in physical looks and behavior. Paley compares God to a watchmaker who designed a watch about man and other natural things, designed and put together a watch piece by piece. Each piece working together with the other pieces to accomplish a variety of tasks although not perfect … “the purpose of the machinery, the design and the designer might be evident and in the case supposed, would be evident in whatever way we accounted for the irregularity of the movement, or whether we could account for it or not. A machine doesn’t need to be perfect, to show with what design it was made: still less necessary, where the only question is whether it was made with any design at all.”… (Paley 48) By questioning the stone on the path and how it got there or who put it there? Man questions how he was created and supports this by again questioning himself how he got to where he is, had he been here forever or did he evolve with time. The watch and the watchmaker support the evolution of time through discrediting their earlier hypothesis, that the watch had been designed and put there by someone, the watchmaker and for a reason …”for this reason, and for no other, namely, that when we come to inspect the watch, we perceive that its several parts are framed and put together for a purpose”… (Paley 47). The workmanship that God has put into his creation can never be repeated or recreated by any known human being thus the argument of the existence of a Supreme Being, God. However every part of the design presented by the watch compliments the aspects of nature both human and animal only difference is nature is far much greater than any calculation. According to Paley, the assumption from the observation of the complicated design of the universe to the conclusion of a universe-maker who made it and deliberated its use would be un
The notions of time and space are some of the most abstract notions the humanity came up with. These concepts are simultaneously clear and confusing, simple and incredibly complex. Space and time can be viewed as fixed and standard measures, but at the same time they are unique for every single viewer and the point of perception of time and space matters a lot. The reflections of space and time in literature are some of the most interesting subjects to study and discuss. A skillful writer is able to engage with the changeability of space and time notions, their flexibility and abstraction. This allows an author add emotional uniqueness to the story and create a very personal description any reader would be likely to relate to. Space can serve as a critique of the linear time because one can give their own meaning to the space, turning space into a practiced place. These practiced places thus become different from what they used to be, because they get under the influence of people’s perceptions and their ideas of the space. In his work Certeau explored the idea of the possibility of space to critique time in his own perspective, addressing the importance of “walking the city”, and this way possibly turning every single space into a practiced place. Certau’s idea of “walking the city” introduces motion into the interaction between space and time and their relationship. He writes that Ney York’s present “invents itself from hour to hour” and that it is like “a universe that is constantly exploding”. 1 These descriptions create a vision that walking the city turns every step into a Big Bang serving as a beginning to a new space and new time, a starting point for a new dimension. Certau writes, “New York has never learnt the art of growing old by playing on all its pasts”, this way the author views tie as a linear matter, while space serves a function to critique time. Being perceived by the individuals that are mobile and can move around the places, space is given the capacity to resist the rationalization of linear time. This mobile nature of people generates the conceptualization of space as something abstract and time as something linear. At the same time, since time exists in people’s mind in the form of memories, and since humans have the capacity of voluntary memory retreat, space around them is able to influence the time they live in. Shin Kyong-suk demonstrates this in the scene where the narrator tells about the habit of washing hands every time before visiting and leaving the village. The author writes, “If I washed my hands before going into the village, would I forget every
Resume falsification can have legal and moral consequences for job applications. It goes without saying that sometimes falsifying a resume is the only way to attract the managers’ attention and receive a chance for being interviewed. This is also an opportunity to prove that sometimes lack of job experience is an advantage because of the ability to provide fresh insights into business management. At the same time, presenting false information on resume can be dangerous because a person becomes legally responsible for all the data about his education and previous job experience (Walsh, 2012). Thus, filling out resume is a complicated process implying both legal and moral aspects and, therefore, falsifying information on resume is morally and legally inappropriate, creating problems for both employees and future applicants. Statistics shows that 53 % of resumes contain false information and 70 % of college students have responded that they would lie on their CV in case they increase their chance to get the job they want (Accu-Screen, Inc., 2012). Overall, it has been also reported that 78 % of resumes provide misleading information and about 21 % mention fraudulent degrees (Accu-Screen, Inc., 2012). The statistics, therefore, proves that the problem of resume falsification is on the rise. The problem does not only refer to potential employees to receive a prestigious job, but also to the fact that the requirements to each job position are too high for graduated students to receive a chance for employment. Sometimes the reason for falsifying resume consists in their desire to compete with other much more experienced applicants whose previous positions are more persuasive for receiving a good job. A
Introduction Trade involves the supply of goods and services. For trade to be facilitated there must be a supply and a demand of goods and services. The amount of resources that individual and firms are willing and are able to commit in buying of goods and services produced in the economy are called consumer consumption. It takes two angles, from a micro economics point where there is consideration of individuals and firms and from a macro economics when the entire society is considered. The remains after consumption is the saving that an economy, individuals, or firms will save (Carrick 33). This paper analyses the effects that tax cut can have on consumption and investment. Consumption V/S Savings The amount of income that a consumer gets at one particular point can be put in different use. It can be consumed or it can be saved. Income is the total amount of resources that individuals get. It is a product of all earnings. The following equation shows the elements of income (I); I = savings(S) + consumptions (C) I = S + C Savings are utilized in various ways with the most common one being for investing in various projects of the economy. So; Savings (S) = Investments (I) S=I At constant income, if consumption increases, then savings will reduce and the rate of investments in the country will reduce. On the other hand, if consumption decreases, there is an increase in investments. When an income of individual or firm increases, the effect on investment is dependent on the marginal rate to consume; if an increase leads to a proportionate increase in consumption, then the effect is the same to investment (Mishkin 12) The diagram below show the connection between saving rate and consumer spending Factors affecting consumer consumption There are different factors which affect the rate of consumption of an individual or firms; they include taxation, government expenditure, state of the economy and future expectations of the individual or firm. The following table shows the rate of expenditure between 2005 and 2008, in United States; Rate of change Item                                              2005            2006            2007                                                     Annual expenditures………………………………………………..           $46,409         $48,398         $49,638        2.6  Food ……………………………………………………………………                   5,931           6,111           6,133          0.4  At home                                           3,297           3,417           3,465          1.4  Cereals and bakery products……………………………….          445
Structure Firstly, we have to mention that the distinction between structural and stylistic peculiarities of persuasive essay writing have to be taken into consideration. It is commonly preferred to analyze the structure of the essay at first, looking for the author’s methods of achieving his/her purpose of persuading the audience. Hence, at the beginning of the peace of writing under the name ‘Black Widows Recruited for Terrorism in Russia’, a reader can already observe the author’s attitude towards the issue or a problem. The very first sentence of the essay’s introduction provides the contrast in generalizing information, which indicates importance of this picture changing the hundreds of people’s way of thinking. Generally, the author’s task at the beginning of persuasive piece of writing was to attract the readers’ attention. As a matter of fact, the writer has accomplished this task by choosing the technique of opening with a strong statement with slight exaggeration. Having further introduced the main thesis of the essay and having given some background information, the writer moves smoothly to the body of the piece. In the main part of the essay the author represents his main arguments and reasons, which confirm his thesis statement. Briefly, the first body paragraph offers a distinct case of an act of terror realized by women. The author empathizes further the distortion of a perception of woman’s function in the society. The second paragraph describes the phenomena of ‘Black Widows’, who being in a flow of revenge were committing crimes. All the proceeding paragraphs are aimed at backing the points stated above. These paragraphs have purpose to explain and give reasons for a phenomenon, woman terrorism in particular. However, we have to point out, that the author did not use the technique of including a fully distinguished rebuttal section into the main body of the essay. Instead, the writer has directly come to conclusion, which was an appeal to certain people, in particular legislative establishments, which can work on the ways of improving the situation of ‘Black Widow Terrorism’. Style Factual Information Facts are one of the most powerful means of persuasion. The author in his article has used a considerable amount of facts, which one can be checked on veracity. Introducing factual information was a reasonable way of supporting one’s point and offering the issue for further discussion; Appeal to Authority (Quoting) It is always highly desirable to back u your opinion with particular thoughts of experts, which are already professionals in their field and can offer a reader security and sure about the words they say or prove. For example, in the current article a reader may observe the following personalities as Speckhard and Yulia Yuzik. Appeal to Examples A variety of examples, which have been used in the article, are quite an effective mean of persuasion. Audience On the whole, the article ‘Black Widows Recruited for Terrorism in R
Strengthening and modernizing intellectual property administration system related to patents, trademarks, copyright, etc., which includes patent information services, trademarks registration, and patent offices, and the enforcement of copyright law in developing countries and awareness/training programs in this respect will benefit the scientific and industrial communities in developing countries which in turn will increase the growth rate of the economy. Sponsorship of trademarks will help the general public identifying the owner of goods in the market as also the availability of goods and services in the market and can protect people against false practices. Government subsidies in basic science will help reduce the cost of research and the development of new products. This would encourage the budding entrepreneurs in the country to come up with innovative products and designs that can succeed in the marketplace. If the government actively monitors the business cycle of these home-grown industries by keeping barriers of entry and regulation of import these industries can survive better in the global marketplace and improve the GDP of the country. The development of infrastructures, science, and R&D is important for the economic growth of a country. Government has to allow the flow of scientific datasets. As noted by Reichman and Samuelson “basic science needs abundant, unrestricted flows of raw data at prices it can afford. The evidence suggests, indeed, that “efficient” use of data is a concept antithetical to basic science”. (Reichman and Samuelson 1997). The business cycle or economic cycle refers to the fluctuations of economic activity about its long-term growth trend, and in other terms is the rise and fall of the economy, maintaining neutrality between supply and demand. The Government plays an important role and can influence expansions and contraction of the business cycle by alteration in the monetary and fiscal policy, by increasing the interest rates it can reduce the economic activity, and when the government wishes to stimulate economic activity, it can do so by reducing interest rates. A rise in the government budget deficit stimulates economic activity, whereas a decreasing deficit controls it. The government could curb a recession by either increasing or decreasing taxes or by government spending. When the economy is stagnant or in recession the government can intervene by injecting funds into the market through any of the sectors. Thus gove