ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction While in reality, the existence of agglomerations near the shores of the sea or ocean bays seems most comfortable and attractive in environmental and climatic terms. Such life can be complicated by several negative factors related to the lack of local natural disaster management. To put it another way, densely populated locations with grandiose population density, additionally attracting tourist flows every year, have the potential to lead to emergencies with threats to the life and safety of the population. In this connection, an in-depth study of existing mechanisms of counteraction to coastal disasters provoked, among others, by abnormal climatic fluctuations is an expedient solution. The central topic of this work is geographic-ecological research of the coastal zone of the USA, namely one of the most populated cities of the state, San Francisco, California. The population of this region, according to official dat
A great number of people are not able or willing to find meaning in stressful experiences that they get through; for example, they often cannot understand the cause of their difficulties or the strengths that helped them cope with their problems. As a result, they cannot develop resilience and adaptive capacity. One of my professional tasks will be to help such clients. In my opinion, a person who is able to evaluate ones behavior in stressful situations can better adjust to changes and improve the quality of ones life. So, this issue will be of great importance to me. Overall, psychologists believe that at the time of stress, people suffer depression, panic, or apathy (Thomas, 2008, p. 44). These are the most common reactions. In some cases, it is difficult for them to find a proper response to difficulties and changes. More importantly, they do not want to learn any lessons from such crucibles (Thomas, 2008, p. 47). As a rule, they do not evaluate their behavior during stressful experiences. Psychologists should pay attention to these issues because resilience is not necessarily an in-born trait, but a habit that should be practiced and developed (Thomas, 2008, p. 47). As a professional, I would first help my clients to identify the strategies or character traits that helped them survive various crises. For instance, one can mention sense of self-esteem, sense of humor, creativity, interests, family life, self-sufficiency, and so forth. On the whole, my clients would have to recognize their strengths as well as weaknesses. In this regard, one can mention people who come to the retirement age, often cannot adjust to a new lifestyle. This period of transition can also be viewed as a stressful experience. My task would be to assist these people in finding new goals and interests that are important for entering a new stage of life. Furthermore, people, who encounter difficulties or stressful situations, frequently give the so-called fight-or-flight response. In other words, they either behave too aggressively when dealing with other people or simply try to escape from difficulties and turn a blind eye to them (Thomas, 2008, p. 45). In some cases, they may come into conflict with their colleagues and refuse to find solutions that can suit both sides. In contrast, other people can be overwhelmed by sense of worthlessness and eventually give way to apathy or depression. None of these responses is appropriate. Psychologists must warn their clients about such dangers. When working with these people I will help them avoid such pitfalls. The work of psychologists and business consultants is strongly affected by their personal ethical principles and values. I believe that a professional who works in the field of business psychology, should never stop learning. Psychology is an evolving science and one can always expect new theories or discoveries to emerge. It is necessary for a professional to be open to new ideas. Only in this way, he or she can b
Introduction The chapter, 5 ESP and Writing, by Ken Hyland in Brian Paltridge and Sue Starfield’s (editors) The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes describes ESP writing instruction, the factors affecting ESP skills, and the general theories and practice involved in ESP writing. The chapter presents a central argument that ESP writing instructions are practically oriented, and they are crucial to the development of students’ expressive ability and creativity, which creates many opportunities for them. The article also argues that ESP has nothing to do with teaching students the writing skills they have failed to understand in their coursework. Else, it is all about developing a new form of literacy, where the students are equipped with communication skills that they can apply in particular professional and academic contexts. Summary Writing is an important part of people’s social and economic lives. Writing is an important tool for the dissemination of information. In the academic context, students are expected fully to develop writing skills that will help them in schoolwork as well as improve their suitability for their respective careers. Even though there are many languages applied in writing, a lot of emphasis is laid on mastery of English writing skills. English remains important since it dominates international business and academic communications. Even though every student learns English in their social or school environments, the language skills gained in these environments may not be effective in the professional lives of the students. It is for this reason that ESP lessons are necessary for the students. Unlike the other English lesson where the students learn English skills for general communication, ESP focuses on teaching the English skills requires for specific careers. For ESP to be effective, it must incorporate the use of writing research. The research helps it possible to understand the skills necessary in particular contexts. The most common form of textual research in ESP is genre analysis. Genre analysis is preferred as it addresses more than the attempt to make writings have communicative meaning by addressing the various ways in which writing serves as communication. In genre ESP, a genre is considered to be a structured, stage event, which is designed to serve particular communicative purposes by certain discourse communities. In every genre, the writers are expected to use specific language and writing style, which will effectively deliver the intended message to a particular group. In genre analysis, the research aims at understanding the communication needs of particular events and creating a recommendation for the best ESP program applicable. Once genre analysis has been carried out; its effectiveness is supplemented by contextual studies. Whereas genre analysis emphasizes the use of writing in various discourse communities, contextual studies address the specific contexts where certain genres are to be created and applied. From the chapter, it is evident that understanding professional genres is different from understanding which genre should be best in which context. Critical studies ar
Executive Summary Healthcare facilities need high quality standards to enable them surpass patients’ expectations. Georgia Healthcare Center needs to develop effective systems that enable patients benefit from quality health outcomes. This healthcare facility needs to institute several quality procedures to enable it achieve its mission and organizational objectives. The firm needs to build a positive reputation in the healthcare industry to encourage patients to make repeat visits to the facility. Quality issues that need to be handled include safety, medical errors, carelessness, inappropriate drugs, dangerous treatment procedures and negative treatment outcomes. These quality problems occur due to incompetence, carelessness and inadequate training of staff. These problems have a negative effect on safety standards, which patients are exposed to while getting treatment. The hospital needs to put in place effective policies to reduce incidents of patients getting exposed to poor quality services. This will improve treatment outcomes in the health facility. The hospital needs to evaluate all employees to determine their competence. This will help the management to find out if there are any gaps in quality that need to be addressed to improve health outcomes in the hospital. This can be achieved through effective collection of data to assess the quality of operations in all departments. The firm needs to use effective methodologies to evaluate the impact of quality improvements adopted. All employees need to satisfy various goals to enable the firm achieve quality standards desired.This will make it possible for the firm to sustain positive relationships with its clients. All stakeholders are required to observe professional practice standards and quality benchmarks established. This will make them understand the role they need to play to enable the organization achieve quality outcomes in its operations. The quality improvement committee will monitor and advise senior managers on the way quality systems will be implemented in the firm. Introduction/Purpose The Georgia Healthcare Center is a health facility that provides cancer and coronary treatment services, together with counseling programs to its patients. It has a mission of setting up health programs that help eradicate cancer and coronary diseases in the community, to enhance the health status of community members. The healthcare center intends to offer quality services to its patients to enable them overcome various lifestyle diseases that affect them. Cancer and coronary health complications kill a lot of people in the society. Therefore, Georgia Healthcare Center intends to offer timely and quality remedies to patients to enable them overcome these conditions. The firm has employees who are well trained in different medical disciplines who
Introduction The uninterruptible power supply system (UPS) is a power supply backup technology, which provides emergency energy to a system load when the main power supply system fails (Johnson 3). EATON provides two criteria for understanding UPS (2). It says the UPS “provides backup power when utility power fails, either long enough for critical equipment to shut down gracefully so that no data is lost, or long enough to keep required loads operational until a generator comes online” (EATON 2). In its second definition, EATON says a UPS is a device “that conditions incoming power so that all-too-common sags and surges do not damage sensitive electronic gear” (2). Institutions and organizations that use sensitive electrical equipment, which is vital to their operations, would ordinarily use the UPS system. For example, hospitals require the UPS to power their electrical equipment because power interruptions could cause injuries or fatalities. Data centers also rely on the UPS for seamless data management, failure to which they would suffer from data corruption, or a loss of information because of system damages (Johnson 3). An extended analysis of UPS applications shows that different industries use the UPS in power-generation facilities, and petrochemical plants and refineries. The list of UPS users continues to grow yearly. For example, Johnson says, “Recently, other types of industrial companies (pulp and paper mills, steel mills, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and cogeneration facilities) have created a need for UPS by incorporating new technology into their plants to control their processes” (3). Therefore, different industries use UPS systems for applications that require uninterrupted process controls. This paper recognizes the trend towards the wide-scale adoption of UPS in the global economy and presents a report about the technology. Key tenets of this paper explain UPS applications on power plants by identifying its types, applications, components, and maintenance steps. UPS Application and Types UPS Applications According to Fiorina, UPS systems are only useful in three specific situations (18). The first situation is when a company, or organization, requires an orderly shutdown of its computers. Such an instance is common when computers need an orderly shutdown to save data, or when employees who work in a chemical plant need to know the status of different operating
The variety of intrapersonal relationships presupposes diverse forms of organizing behaviour and communication between individuals. Over the course of history, it has been customary to view heterosexuality as the primary and the only correct means of constructing sexual behavior. However, human nature is more complicated, with other patterns of romantic connections being prevalent. Homosexuality is a sexual orientation that has been scorned across the cultures, yet it constitutes an essential proportion of human relationships. The modern age bore witness to the change of mainstream views on homosexuality, with many countries accepting it as a viable form of organizing families. However, many societies still harbor negative attitudes toward same-sex relationships. In her book “ The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America ”, Margot Canady raises the question of homophobia in the United States (1). Diversity is one of the core American values, yet for a country that prides itself on the synergy of different groups, behaviors, and lifestyles, Americans exhibit much disdain for homosexual relationships. Not only is it showing the lack of respect for individual expression of their sexuality, but it may also be characterized as an encroachment on human rights. The central argument of Canaday’s writing is that homophobia is rooted in the development of the American state over the course of the 20th century. The evidence for her explanation is based on correspondence as well as governmental and court archives. She argues that the military changes and the development of policies on welfare solidified the status of homosexuals as second-class citizens. However, while providing evidence, Canaday puts too much emphasis on homosexuality overstating its impact on the formation of the legal system. The beginning of the 20th century was the time of growing awareness of sexual nonconfo
Introduction The bombing of Hiroshima was carried out on 6th August 1945 by US Air Force. The event resulted in not only the death of hundreds of thousands of civilians but also affected millions for decades to come. While it is vehemently argued that this effectively brought Japan to its knees at the end of the Second World War, it is also considered a major atrocity that went unpunished on the behalf of the United States. One of the strong supporters of the dropping of the Atomic bomb on Hiroshima is Paul Fussell. In his paper “Thank God for Atom the Bomb”, Paul has put forward several arguments against those who oppose his stance while providing justifications from the literature to support his argument. However, many of his arguments have narrowed focus and can be countered by presenting arguments that consider the situation at that time from a wider perspective. Arguments For example, at the beginning of his paper, Paul argues against Arthur Hadley’s Argument that the dropping of the Atomic bomb was worse than letting hundreds of thousands of military men die in hand-to-hand combat. Paul argues that the Japanese, both military and civilian, had a very extremist vision and were ready for vicious bloodshed under any circumstances which could have led to an even worse situation. In his own words “The Japanese pre-invasion patriotic song, “One Hundred Million Souls for the Emperor,” says Sledge “meant just that”. Universal national kamikaze was the point” (Fusell). He also mentions the desperation of the Japanese for bloodshed at that time by quoting a Japanese pilot as saying “I see the war situation becoming more desperate. All Japanese must become soldiers and die for the Emperor” (Fussell). Though his argument looks very convincing, it does not tell the reader why the Japanese were so willing to die for their Emperor. The reason for this was the Japanese tradition in which the position of the Emperor was considered heavenly. In the words of Doug Long “…the Japanese believed their Emperor to be a god, the heart of the Japanese people and culture” (Long). Hence they could not let the core of their beliefs take a fall so easily. Also in the Postdam Proclamation, since the future of the Emperor was not made clear and controversial statements such as “There must be eliminated for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest” (Long) And “stern justice shall be meted out to all war criminals” (Long) Were included in the Proclamation, this made Japanese people afraid and angry that if they surrender, then their Emperor would either be ridiculed or executed. This was the real cause that made the Japanese take a firm stance against the US and the Allied Army. Further in the article, Paul argues against John Galbraith by saying that it was not right to think that the Japanese would have surrendered the same year even if the Atomic Bomb was not dropped. He presents his case by stating the destruction done by the Japanese army in the days surrounding the drop. Paul says But at the time, with
Introduction Prominent events, especially those that are related to sports tournaments, always attract large crowds of people to a particular location for a short amount of time. Such a rapid change in a place’s population density can lead to many hazards, both social and environmental. In the winter months of 2022, Qatar will welcome huge numbers of visitors to watch the World Cup football tournament (Brannagan & Giulianotti 2014). Thus, the country’s duty will be to make sure that all arriving guests, tourists, players, and locals are safe during this time. Qatar may need to accommodate more than 1.5 million people in an extremely short period of time, which will put high pressure on the hospitality industry, the police, volunteers, and medical organisations. The main aim of this report is to analyse the risks that may arise at the various events’ locations, as well as in the neighbourhoods where visitors will be staying. A key objective is to identify various dangers and their probability in order to direct the attention of officials to the most prominent issues. The second objective is to investigate these hazards in more detail, providing greater insight based on previous tournaments and similar events. This report will also attempt to develop strategies to effectively prevent, minimise, or resolve problems before and during the tournament. Finally, this examination will be complemented with suggestions for delivering safety-related information to visiting supporters. Scope In order to present the scope of possible risks, one has to analyse the nature of the tournament, as well as understand the location, the state of Qatar. The event, the FIFA World Cup, takes place in multiple locations (usually major cities) in a country for the duration of approximately one month. It is hosted by a nation of choice, and FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) is responsible for helping with the organisation as well. Prior to the announcement of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, all past events have been held during summer months, in June and July. However, as Qatar is a state with high temperatures and a subtropical, desert climate, the organisation decided to move the dates of the 2022 tournament to November and December (Brannagan & Giulianotti 2014). This is the first change that may lead to a variety of problems, including fire risks, potential conflicts with players and team representatives, and visitors’ health during the travelling period. Other issues may arise due to the concentration of people from different regions into one area. For instance, the rate of infections, especially conditions related to the digestive system, may increase as some visitors will consume unfamiliar or contaminated food. In Brazil, the 2014 World Cup had a simil
Abstract In many crime scenes, detectives find minute lipsticks, pieces of clothes blood strain, cigarette butts among others materials. The traditional techniques such as thin layer chromatography, visible-absorption spectroscopy may not incriminate the victim. These techniques may make some crimes to go unsolved because of inadequate evidence at the crime scene or due to inadequate technology. The recent scientific developments in analytical methods and changes in technology have enabled scientist to begin detecting evidence from cosmetic smear, which were useless in the past. A basic analysis of the inorganic and organic constituents of the cosmetic smears helps in classifying the product used by the victim. The depth analysis conducted on the said lipstick or cosmetic smear would enable law enforcers to adduce evidence of the crime. Introduction The recent development in crime detection enables the law enforcement officers to collect information as well as chemicals used the suspects. At crimes scene or in victim’s house, the detectives may find lipstick used by the crime victim (Blackledge, 2007:8-12). The modern analytical methods enable the detection team to analyze the constituents of the chemicals in the lipstick and the traces of smear extracted from the victims lips of eyelashes. Since the existing forensic labs do not contain national database of lipstick manufacturers, the lipstick found with the suspect and the other one found at the crime scene enables the forensic officers to compare the chemical components of the lipsticks. If detected that the victim had a contact with the lipstick found at the crime scene it would serve as circumstantial evidence (Severcan and Haris, 2012:365-372). In forensic studies, comparison of chemicals found in the lipstick and body extract are critical in proving the innocence of the victim. Methods The methods applied in lipstick analysis may be destructive or non-destructive. Both methods detect the chemical constituents in lipstick samples. FTIR-ART Use Lipstick Analysis In this method, ART machine radiates infrared light to the chemical samples of the lipstick to reveal the composition of the chemical constituents in samples (Wheeler and Wilson, 2011:226-248). The machine enables the person conducting the experiment to control the depth of light penetration in order to reveal specific information. The sample lipstick tested was 4000-650cm -1 at 4cm -1 and we collected background air.
Brand Identity Brand identity in men’s fashion simply implies the message a company is expecting to portray to its target market. When critically analyzed, a brand is probably the most important asset a company can have because it essentially denotes the image of the company. Taylor (2011) explains that brand identity refers to what the customers think about a given company. This explanation implies that brand identity is beyond what many would consider a company logo because it incorporates basic functional areas of the organization, ranging from how the employees think and act, how the company looks, how the company is projected by the media and other variables (Taylor, 2011, p. 3). When analyzed in the context of men’s fashion industry, brand identity becomes increasingly important because men as a target market have different consumer behavior when compared to other target markets such as women, children, elderly and the likes. Brand identity is very important in men’s fashion industry because many men are increasingly knowledgeable about how various brands are projected in the society and none would like to wear a brand that is below par (Taylor, 2011, p. 3). This kind of standard is attributed to the high expectations men nowadays have. Also, considering men don’t have a hig