ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Middle East for a long time has been on the attack on what is construed by other international bodies as malicious and unjustified war. Nonetheless, there are proponents of the war in the Middle East (Halliday 134). In my view, the war in Iraq and Afghanistan has been propagated by personal vendetta and should not be blown out of proportion to mean protecting the world from possible aggression by these Middle East countries. Concisely the war is not justified. Following the guidance of the United Nations, the actions taken against the Middle East should be informed by tangible facts to halt possible actions based on rumors. Answering the following question will help understand the war is unjust, why is Iraq and Afghanistan the focus regarding attacks on terrorism?, are the allegations against the Middle East be substantiated?, is there sinister motive by the Middle East in case they have the weapons? and finally, has there been non-violent way of finding solution to the situation? Answering these questions would actually rest the case that indeed the wars in Middle East is not justified. The extent to which the war in Middle East is unjustified is first observed in conceptualizing the opening remarks of the United Nations charter, it categorically acknowledges the humanitarian crisis that was occasioned by the first and second world wars and assert that it w
Introduction At every stage of our lives, we are usually presented with various scenarios whereby one has to make a choice from the available options. These choices are likely to affect us directly or indirectly. For instance, joining campus is an important decision in one’s life. The choice that most students face at this stage of their life is whether to live in campus or off campus. A number of collage students find it difficult to choose between these two options. This can be attributed to the fact that they both have their own pros and cons. In this paper, a comparison will be drawn between living in and off campus. Differences First, living in campus enables a student to have easy access to school facilities, such as the library, hostels, campus cafeteria and computer labs. For instance, students living in campus can easily reach a classroom or even the library within a short time. Such students will also be able to benefit from low food prices in the campus cafeteria. On the contrary, a student who lives off campus is likely to miss out on these benefits. On the other hand, living in campus limits a student’s privacy due to the fact that most of the facilities, such as washrooms, dormitories and recreational halls, are shared by all students. However, if a student is living off campus, he or she will be able to have a personal space away from the crowd. This enables the student to prepare a homework or study in the silence. However, a student who lives in campus has a more active social life as compared to a student living off campus. Living in campus enables one to interact more with the fellow students in different settings apart from the classroom. Such students are able to make more friends. On the contrary, living off campus will limit a student’s ability to participate in campus activities as well as make more friends. In most cases, a student living off campus will only interact with his classmates. Similarities Despite the differences between living in and off campus, it is still possible to draw some similarities between the two options. For instance, in both cases, a student is in a position to do personal study without much interruption because a student living in campus can easily study in the library, as well as a person living off campus is in a position to study at the comfort of his or her house, away from any distraction. Secondly, in both cases, there is a certain level of independence among students. Regardless of whether a student is living in or off campus, he/she should be responsible for his/her own life. For example, a campus student is expected to make decisions on his/her own and be ready to answer for his/her actions Conclusion Even though the two options have similari
Nike Incorporation has been running on a league of its own for a long time, but emerging companies are challenging its dominance. Under Amour Incorporation, a sportswear company, forecasts a double on its revenue in the next three years to a massive $7.5 billion dollars. Nike’s closest rival Skechers has edged closer into second in making sporting outfits in the US market. A record $30.6 billion in total sales in 2014 is a signal indicating that Nike is a huge global brand in producing sports outfit and footwear. The company’s earnings on the first quarter of this year indicate that its growth in sales is struggling compared to last year’s summer World cup. A report by FactSet forecasts a slight increase in revenue from $7.9 billion to $8.2billion this year as shares climb from $1.09 to $1.19 per share. A report by CitiGroup shows that Nike is struggling in North America when first quarter of this year is observed. In 2014, Nike registered a 15% growth in expected orders from bulk buyers in North America; this indicates consumers want more of the company’s products. A report given by CitiGroup emphasized that Nike should grow by double digits in order to avoid slumping share prices. Nike has been the second best performer at the Dow Jones Industrial Average after UnitedHealth Group, with stocks rising to 19 percentage points. Nike’s recent growth can be attributed to the athleisure phenomenon which is a big trend in fashion. However, it is facing stiff competition from Spandex-Infused styles that were popular at the New York Fashion Week indicating Nike’s growing competition that goes past sporting materials into luxury goods. NDP group reported that emergence of casual styles from rival company Skechers has closed the gap in the competition of footwear. Executives of Nike confirmed mid-price shoes were performing dismally in the market, although the sales recovered later in June. Meanwhile, Under Amour has gained public attention from its sponsorship of former champions in various sports. Adidas is fighting to maintain its dwindling market share in the USA by sponsoring sports stars such as Jordan Spieth and Stephen Curry. Moreover, Adidas has promised to take over sportswear rights in the US Hockey league for two years. Nike has to deal with succession after its founder and chairman Phil Knight retires next year. The company has responded by appointing a holding company to manage his shares, and his son’s appointment to the board. Factors that explain how Nike became so large and dominant in the athletic shoe market  1. Nike is recognized f
Introduction Architecture is reviewed as the approach and technique of planning and creation of physical structures and buildings. Despite the obvious meaning of architecture, it is also well characterized by the following factors. They are the scheduling, creativeness, considerations in technical operations and social environmental factors. Architecture requires the inventive handling and management of materials, scheduling and handling and estimation of materials. Many authors have brought out the issues of architect of the future in their books. These books include:  1. Future Practice by Rory Hyde.  2. Spatial Intelligence by Leon Van Schailk. Future practice by Rory Hyde Rory Hyde is an architect, researcher, writer and occasional broadcaster, who tries to indulge different designs and methods that will help in future architecture’s improvement compared to the predecessors architect. These are the apparent incontrovertible governance of the market judgments and a rise of globalization and information society. With all these demands for future architect change, there are designers in the world carving out opportunities so as to improve new kinds of commitments, cooperation, follow up and design outcomes (Hyde 2010). Hence, they overdo the traditional designs of architect professionalism. Hyde’s (2010) book portrays the potentiality features for future architects. They are the community enabler, the visionary pragmatist, the trans-disciplinary integrator, the social entrepreneur, the long term strategist, the design management thinker and many others. The community enabler: Through the introduction of boutique solution, our current society has become more familiarized to architecture unlike the traditional society. This has changed the real meaning of architecture from merely designing the buildings to developing environment. Relevant example can be the renewal of Newcastle project. This shows the improvement of people in public space. (Hyde 2010). The visionary pragmatist: Hyde (2010) clearly shows how architect can be compulsive in the sense that black skivvy-wearing aesthete who produces artifacts of prettiness is a persistent ideology that may at times subsist to be true. This may be a risky invention, as it promotes the architect’s or designer’s appearance more than the project’s significance. Such example is the elemental, community housing, Iquique, Chile. This led to provision of half of good houses and led to a way that created a room for future expansion of the house. Thus the residents are left with an option of creating a real personal significance and usefulness in the future. The trans-disciplinary integrator: Rory Hyde talks about the introduction of RMIT’s. This is an institution for design researchers, it consequently brings about the collaboration and information sharing especially between students and experts form over 30 disciplinary backgrounds. By this the research centre is able to recast potentiality of what they are able to address to impro
In his work titled Modernist Painting , Greenberg speculates on specific characteristics of Modernist art in general and pictures in particular. The author argues that Modernism defined itself through fundamental self-criticism and had inherited a lot from the art traditions that had existed before it. Analyzing Greenberg’s work requires three components: reviewing his arguments, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the text, and showing examples of art that demonstrate the author’s principal points. First of all, Greenberg argues that the roots of Modernism lie in self-criticism. The author traces Modernist philosophy and aesthetics back to Kant, whose method was internal criticism. It means that something is criticized within its own framework. Greenberg states that “Modernism criticizes from the inside, through the procedures themselves of that which is being criticized” (1). The main point of criticism that underlies the Modernist art is that every kind of art had to define itself in terms of characteristics that made it essentially different from other kinds of art. For painting, flatness became such a characteristic. Greenberg gives examples from the history of art to illustrate his thought. Another major argument is that, despite sometimes seen as a protest against the art of the past, Modernism, in fact, continued “the past without gap or break” (Greenberg 6), i.e. had been largely influenced by traditions and previous developments. The critiqued text is strong in terms of writing and profoundness of analysis, while its complicatedness can be considered a weakness. First, Greenberg employs a very sophisticated language that manages to successfully grasp the comprehensive concepts that he addresses. The text is well-written and has a certain structure. The beginning is straightforward and immediately attracts the reader’s attention. Throughout his work, the author demonstrates profound knowledge of art, which makes the text reliable and convincing. However, Greenberg’s writing may appear too complicated to some readers. The text is very dense in terms of being saturated with ideas and concepts. It requires being read several times to understand the author’s points. It may be hard to read, especially to those readers who have not encountered profound texts on the history and theory of art before. Greenberg speculates on the Modernist art but does not show any appraisal or valuation. Judging from the critiqued text, I do not think that Greenberg divided works of art into the categories of acceptable and non-acceptable. However, it can be argued that some pieces of art fit into the author’s understanding of Modernism while some other ones do not. For instance, Picasso’s Cubism perfectly illustrates Greenberg’s idea that flatness became
Master’s education has to prepare nurses for critical actions within a complex and transforming environment. Master’s courses need to provide nurses with valuable knowledge and skills of flexible leadership required for facing the global challenges of modern healthcare. Emphasizing the potential value and transforming possibilities of modern healthcare, the present day healthcare education programs focus on expansion of technologies and explosion of knowledge. The Essentials of Master’s Education in Nursing formulated by American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) outline core principles and curricular elements which should be included into all master’s programs in nursing. However The Essentials are not prescriptive directives in their nature, and particular colleges can make certain modifications in the design of their master’s programs for nursing. This paper will compare and contrast the AACN essentials with the mission and philosophy of Chamberlain College of Nursing (CCN) and the outcomes of the Master of Science in nursing (MSN) degree program offered by this college. The core essentials formulated by AACN are put into the basis of CCN mission, philosophy and master’s programs. Therefore, the AACN essentials and CCN mission and philosophy share a number of similarities. To begin with, the basic aims highlighted in The Essentials of Master’s Education in Nursing are to improve the quality outcomes, to increase diversity, to create dynamic nursing environment, to design nursing practices, and to translate evidence into practice. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2011), The Essentials of Master’s Education in Nursing are background for practice from sciences (thus, a master can improve his/her knowledge on the basis of scientific findings, which are related to public health, genetics, and numerous adjacent disciplines), organizational and systems leadership (thus, a master has an opportunity to improve his/her leadership skills), quality improvement and safety. At the same time, the core objectives mentioned in the
Introduction Since its transition to a market economy in the early 1990s, Mongolia has demonstrated impressive results in terms of economic development, displaying a steadily increasing GDP and a respective decrease in national poverty rates. Nevertheless, despite this progress, the country’s economic development remains unstable due to limited diversification and recent adverse impacts on a global scale. As a result, some metrics, such as the Gini coefficient, demonstrate a lack of progress in terms of equality for the population. The following paper presents an analysis of three economic measures that illustrate the progress made by the country in recent years as well as challenges Mongolia has encountered in the process. Analysis The economy of Mongolia has undergone several major changes in recent decades. From a strategic perspective, the growth rate can be characterized as positive due to a substantial increase in GDP, from approximately $2.5 billion in the late eighties and early nineties to above $10 billion at the beginning of the 2010s (Index Mundi). However, it should also be mentioned that the growth rate of the GDP over the identified period was uneven, showing identifiable periods of stagnation and rapid growth. Fig. 1. GDP per capita. The most apparent instances of growth occurred in the early 1990s and early 2000s, with a massive slowdown in 2008 and 2009. On the other hand, GDP per capita has demonstrated a steady rate of growth, increasing from approximately $2,000 in the first half of the 2000s to $5,500 in 2012. Over the last five years, this variable has entered a phase of rapid growth, surpassing $12,000 in 2016 (Index Mundi). Such dynamics can be attributed to a number of factors. The first factor and, arguably, the most significant contribution to the development of the local economy was the transition to a market economy in the first half of the 1990s (“Mongolia Economy 2017”). Prior to this transition, Mongolia facilitated trade primarily with the Soviet Union. As a result, many of the country’s social and economic domains such as medicine, gasoline, and advanced machinery remained dependent on aid from the USSR. To address the situation, the government started establishing connections with Western and Asian countries, followed by tax reforms and privatization. The initial phase of reform was associated with major inflation, growing unemployment, and food deficits. This period correlated with a significant decline in GDP per capita, from above $3,000 in 1990 to approximately $2,500 in 1993 (Index Mundi). While external factors, such as the surging prices of certain exported materials, had a positive influence on GDP grow
Introduction Cheating in the academic context has got several descriptions, some of which are; referring to an unauthorized material in an examination room, referring from a colleague’s work, acquiring examination papers prior to the examination date, and paying someone to sit for you the exam, among others. More than 70% of students in High school admitted to having been involved in cheating in one way or another. (David and Ludvigson, 120) 1 . It is, therefore, right to say that cheating is widespread in every part of the world, and it is escalating in all levels of education. This is so because if one advances to a new stage/level through cheating, that particular person is less likely to drop the habit for fear of being dropped out. Most students who get involved in cheating are tempted to believe that it is right to cheat, as long as you are not caught. Causes of Cheating in High School Everyone wants to be a top achiever; to be so; one has to get good grades, which of cause comes in handy with being respected and receiving honors in addition to getting admission to top institutions. To achieve this, students, if given a chance, can stop at anything to get those high grades, even if it means cheating. Those individuals who do not cheat are, therefore, disadvantaged and suffer from unfair competition; this may lead to them being viewed as fools. Many students may join the bandwagon, and for those that are already involved in cheating, they will just stay in the game. Technology also has a role to play in aiding this game. Students who are able to access such gadgets as the internet and mobile phones are more likely to cheat, as they are able to share answers. The social-economic status of the students will determine the level by which the student can cheat. One has to have good finances to be able to afford the materials, download information, and or send it to a friend. It is, therefore, apparent that those students who can access more money are involved in cheating than the less fortunate ones. On the other hand, advancing in age comes with its disadvantages as far as cheating is concerned. During the lower levels of a child’s education, he/she believes that cheating is morally unacceptable, a belief that changes as the child advances in age. “Cheating is a personal foul.” 2 . Janis argues that: at Pre-School(age 3-4), the students regard cheating as immoral; at the Elementary Level(age5-6), they do admit that cheating is bad, but it can be done depending on the situation and that the temptation is too hard to resist. Middle School (age 11-13) is where real cheating begins; this is said to be motivated by the fact that so much emphasis has been put on the grades and the student feels pressured to excel. At this age, they know that it is an offense to cheat, but they still go right ahead to commit it. A survey, 3 In 1995 showed more and more students, both junior and senior in high school in the US, cheat. 78% admitted to having cheated, and 89% said that it is common in their schools. They reasoned that they do cheat because of the emphasis that has been put on good grades,
Pharaohs certainly played a unique role in ancient Egypt, concentrating all levels of power in their hands. One of the essential functions of the Pharaoh was the connection with the cosmos. The kings not only possessed a divine nature and were the messengers of the gods on earth, but they also were believed to join Re and Osiris after death (Silverman 110). Although the priests fulfilled all essential religious obligations, it is still fascinating to trace how the theological role of the Pharaoh changed in the development of ancient Egypt. The Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom were the heydays of the divine status of kings. At that time, people attached great importance to the role of the Pharaoh as the deputy of God on earth. For example, the rulers from Dynasty to Dynasty received new titles, emphasizing their godliness and immortality. So, the names of the Pharaoh included references to the fact that the king was subject to natural elements (the nsw-bity name means “of Papyrus and Bee”) and indicated a relationship with the gods Horus and Ra ( sa ra name and gold name) (Ikram 169). However, over time, one can see that the cosmic nature and inviolability of the ruler begin to lose their sacredness. So, already in the 12th Dynasty, the Pharaoh ceased to be portrayed as eternally young and full of vital energy (Ikram 170). This may indicate a severe ideological shift in the perception of the theological role of the king. Worshiping a living pharaoh became especially important in the New Kingdom. It was then that the erection of statues of kings and idolatry became widespread. Thus, for example, Amenhotep III and his son Ramesses II brought the cult of the ruler to the extreme (Silverman 113). In temples throughout the country, they erected their statues emphasizing the divine birth of the pharaohs and their differences from ordinary mortals. However, evidence of the looting of tombs hints that in this era, there is no blind faith in the truth of the king’s eternal life (Silverman 111). It can be argued that the New Kingdom was the peak of the theological role of rulers. In the Late Period of ancient Egypt, the Pharaoh still fulfilled his religious function, uniting church and state. However, with the arrival of new rulers of the conquerors, first from Persia and then from Greece and Rome, the divinity of the Pharaoh becomes precarious. The color and symbolism are erased; they are replaced by the desire to expand the state’s borders. Hence, Alexander the Great, having taken the Egyptian throne by force, realized the importance of the Pharaoh’s theological role and accepted the game’s rules to strengthen his power in the new territory (Bianchi 13). Later, with the reign of Ptolemy I, II, and III, the culture of ancient Egypt absorbed many Greek elements. However, both Cleopatra and the Roman conquerors did not violate Egyptian civilization’s most crucial religious layer. The spiritual role of the king remained unshakable for quite a long, albeit much less emphasized. Works Cited Bianchi, R. “Ptolemaic Egypt and Rome: An Overview.” In Ed. R. Bianchi. Cleopatra’s Egypt: Age of the Ptolemi