ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
As many modern words, “bully” has numerous definitions, some of which has ceased to be well-known and are no longer commonly used. The first definition is “someone who frightens or hurts another person, especially over a period of time” (Bully). The second definition is “someone who uses their influence or status to threaten or frighten someone else in order to get what they want” (Bully). The adjective definition of bully means very good or excellent (Define: bully). At the same time, “bully” exists as a fixed phrase meaning “used for praising someone in a way that shows you are not at all impressed with what they have done” (Bully for someone). The poem “Bully” by Martin Espada is comprised of four stanzas, which are not of equal size, as is the case with most poems. The stanzas are separated by meaning. The first one serves as the exposition, describing the environment, introducing Theodore Roosevelt and his worldview. The second stanza is a juxtaposition of modern reality to Roosevelt’s nationalism. The next stanza emphasizes the historical irony of Roosevelt’s statue being surrounded by the people he had despised. The final one focuses on the disrespect the student show towards his statue, which is proportionate to the attitude he had shown to their ancestors. The most striking element of the statue’s description is the accentuation of Roosevelt’s warmongering demeanor. The poem presents him as a historic aggressor against the Spanish during the Spanish-American war. However, as his statue is being desecrated by the Spanish children, there is poetic symbolism of the bully getting his comeuppance. Probably the most characteristic line is the one containing the Victorian mustache, which symbolizes the past conservative worldview and its unpopularity in the modern Spanish world. Works Cited “Bully.” Macmillan Dictionary , Web. “Bully for someone.” Macmillan Dictionary , Web. “Define: bully.” Google Search , Web.
Introduction The Great Britain is legitimately known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (See Appendix A).The state is governed under a constitutional monarchy system and forms the largest island in United Kingdom. In principle, Great Britain comprises of three nations namely England, Scotland and Wales, it is simply referred to as Britain (Budd 234). A peek in the past reveals the root of the profuse growth of this economic kingdom which forms one of the strongest world’s economies. In the primordial days of the British Empire, the UK was the leading economic giant of the world. Great Britain created an economical platform through which industrial revolution was birthed. The mammoth economy was however destabilized by the innumerable costs accrued to the first and the second world wars and the great depression in the ninety’s. The disbandment of the union between the empire and the republic of Ireland further threw the economy into tumult reducing the empires economic acumen (Dennis 44). The UK is still very vibrant in the global economic dominion rated as the sixth largest economy in the world (Budd 93). Since the economic down turn in the early ninety’s there has been two periods of strong economic feat. Under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher, the empire was able to disband outdated economic policies paving a way for new multipart strategies which enhanced economic growth. Thatcher fought battles to break the influence of the trade union to usher in free markets, augment competitiveness, cost control and quality improvement. Her economic restructuring enhanced the shedding off the Sick Man of Europe [1] pall in 1990’s. In 1997, the ‘New Labour’ government under the headship of the economically proficient Gordon Brown, the government inherited and enlarged the earlier policies and sustained economic growth (Charlwood 83). The History Of Great Britain In the year 1901, when Queen Victoria died, the Great Britain came into terms with the fact that their economical adeptness had diminished owing to the immerging competition menace posed by Germany and the US (Dennis 67). These countries had stealthily risen through industrial developments to offer a taut economical antagonism to the Great Britain. The increasing economic rivalry, the First World War trouncing, and the great depression of 1930’s relatively slowed the economic growth of the Great Britain.
Introduction Culture entails defined norms and values of a particular community and serves as the foundation of many issues that constitute the structure of society. Different studies have been conducted by scholars with aim of identifying more variables that are related to culture. Ethnographers learn other people’s cultures by accurate identification of knowledge, behavior and artifacts. The paper will discuss three aspects that are necessary in learning different cultures. Role of men and women in Afghanistan under Taliban rule will be well outlined in relation to Omidian’s ethnology. Omidian is an anthropologist who was hired to work in Afghanistan as a social worker and trainer. On the other hand, Spradley argues that anthropologists should not be community trainers but instead should learn from the people. Case Study The title ‘When Bamboo Bloom’ is symbolic as Taliban rule in Afghanistan oppressed the society as reported by Omidian who worked there from 1997 to 2007. Despite the oppression, citizens hoped that one day they would be liberated. 19 th century was characterized by efforts to ensure gender equity, but were halted in 1994 when Taliban annexed Kabul. Women were not supposed to work away from home or wear white clothes. The Islamic law on Hijab ensured that women covered all parts of their bodies. Later there were increased cases of kidnaps, forced marriages that involved women. Women were supposed to be accompanied when leaving their houses and were not to interact freely with men. Health access was limited and poverty stroke households that lost their breadwinner who was supposed to be a man (Omidian 117). Notably, the role of women in Afghanistan is derived from the interpretation of Sharia in the Quran that forbids women from working away from home. According to Taliban, Sharia bans women from free interaction with men and are to be accompanied by male relatives any time they are not at home. Men were expected to work and provide for their women and children. The role of men rendered them prone to maltreatment in many ways. Many men were detained, tortured and killed in prisons under Taliban rule in Afghanistan (Omidian 120). Men were ordered to wear beards of certain length and severely punished if they did not. Punishments like stoning and amputation were employed when torturing prisoners so as to get them to confess. The idea of Omidian was to empower citizens with knowledge that would help them overcome the cruelty of Taliban rule in Afghanistan. Culture knowledge For ethnographers to be able to understand culture and norms of a given community, they must first identify what the people know. According to Spradley people can only share common culture if they share similar knowledge. For example, there is a scenario of people in a train who were engaged in a common behavior of reading. Reading was a behavior
Reconstruction is an integral part of the United States history about the prolonged fight against racism, which came after the American Civil War. It was characterized by the numerous efforts geared towards redressing the inequities of slavery, as well as creating a social and political revolution following the economic collapse due to the war (Foner, 2020). Over the years, there have been numerous debates about the reconstruction and its aftermath about tackling the issues relating to racism. One of the major failures of the reconstruction period was the failure of both federal and state governments to safeguard the rights of African Americans. At the time, Republican governments were unwilling to enact land reforms and provide former slaves with the resources they needed for economic empowerment. Reconstruction was a failure because the position of African Americans as a minority group and inferior members of the society did not improve. Reconstruction did not address the problems of racism as evidenced in the inability of the state Republican parties to retain coalitions with African Americans. This is the reason for their failure to remain in power (Foner, 2020). Additionally, racial discrimination advanced from just being a southern problem to a challenge that spread across the country. There was a heightened focus on the expansion of the west and the soaring rate of industrialization much to the disadvantage of former slaves who had no one to address their issues. A lot of ground was lost following the reconstruction as evidenced in the fact that former slaves once again found themselves in a subordinate position within the society (Foner, 2020). Although African Americans managed to carve out a considerable degree of independence within the southern society following the reconstruction efforts, the whole process failed on the part of addressing the stereotyping of individuals based on their race. Reference Foner, E. (2020). The second founding: How the civil war and reconstruction remade the constitution . W.W.Norton Incorporated.
Let us start by saying that it is a commonly known fact that concrete people create history and they can make the history of the whole humanity turn this or that way. In the course of the development of human society there were a lot of people who were really significant. One of them was Thomas Paine. Thomas Paine (1737-1809) was an author, intellectual, revolutionary and he was even called one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. John Ferling called him “a skilled artisan, sometime bureaucrat, drifter, and lethargic visionary” 1 . It is known that his life was full of numerous challenges, victories and defeats. Historians say that he was a very temperamental man and this can be easily proved by the following quotation: Let them call me a rebel and welcome, I feel no concern from it; but I should suffer the misery of devils, were I to make a whore of my soul by swearing allegiance to one whose character is that of a Scottish, stupid, stubborn, worthless, brutish man. 2 Thomas Paine was born in England in a poor family and lived and worked there until age 37 when he abandoned his motherland “hoping at age thirty-seven to begin life anew” 1 . He emigrated to the British American colonies due to Benjamin Franklin’s support. It must be admitted that Paine adored him. Paine’s work as an editor of “Pennsylvania Magazine” (1775-1777) must be stressed, because it influenced the atmosphere of indecision that was characteristic of that time. His pamphlet “Common Sense” (1776) suggested arguments and proofs that supported American independence. His pro-revolutionary pamphlet series under the title “The American Crisis” (1776–1783) also deserves mentioning, because it was so impressive that G. Washington gave an order to read it to soldiers to support their fighting spirit In 1787 Thomas Paine came to France, in 1791 he published the first part of the work “Rights of Man”, in which he welcomed and supported The French Revolution and gave grounds and reasons for his idea that republic had a lot of advantages in comparison with monarchy. For Paine “the king was above all a symbol of an infuriating paradox” 3 . Paine tried to inspire English people to fight against and to dethrone monarchy as it had been done in France. In Great Britain he was accused of treachery and he had to escape to France where he became the member of The National Convention, despite not speaking French. In December, 1793 after the usurpation of power by Robespierr’s supporters Thomas Paine was imprisoned for the term of ten months on the ground that he was against French monarchy. He was released in 1794. He became notorious because of his work “The Age of Reason” (1794-1796) that was advocating deism. Those people in America who supported monarchy proclaimed this book by Paine “the Bible of atheism” and blasphemy. Jefferson in his preface to “The Human Rights” asserted that his principles coincided with Paine’s political views. That was why Pain’s works became frequently attacked and criticized, because some people tried to harm Jefferson. At the same time liber
Introduction It is crucial to determine the output of the program after its initiation. When a program is well established, it should provide allowances to return what was invested during its initiation (McDavid & Hawthorn, 2006). I expect a number of outputs that will have advantages to the school proceedings. These outputs will provide the school with opportunities to expand and develop at a fast rate. Evaluating the output is crucial in enlightening the administration about the potential parts of the program. Possibly, the administration will consider enacting the program due to its outputs. Investments that are made to establish a program should have some returns (McDavid & Hawthorn, 2006). In my case, I will identify the long term outputs of the program. In a bid to do this, I will tabulate the outputs and give their description. Table of Outputs Output                                                                                                               Role of the output                                                                                                                                                               The school will be popular due to the drastic improvements of performance in the school.                             This output is advantageous because it will lead to initiation of some aspects such as funding by donor who wish to invest.                                                      The school will admit more students than the previous times.                                                         This is an opportunity to expand the school into accommodating more students. This, in turn, leads to economics of scale where a fee is reduced because of students’ increment.  The school will be exposed to many achievements in many fields. For instance, improvements could be made in sports.  The school will be a prototype in the region. It will, therefore, establish the facilities expected easily due to availability of funding, and improve many areas such as sport. The academic performance of the school will appreciate.                                                              High academic performances lead to establishment of a school since parents/guardians choose well performing school for their children.                                            School Popularity Educational institutions that have unique qualities tend to become popular and enroll high numbers of students. If the institution will flourish successfully, it will be an opportunity to expand into higher levels in the education sector. Therefore, the institution might become popular and bring many advantages with it. High Intakes of New Student This
Musical Instruments in a Piece “Also Sprach Zarathustra” by Richard Strauss can be acclaimed as an excellent piece of music which occupies its dignified place among the other works of the world’s music classic. Its many parts are known all over the world due to their use in varied shows, TV commercials, movies and so on. The most famous adaptation of this music theme is in the film “2001: A Space Odyssey” by Stanley Kubrick. This piece of music is especially known for its multi-instrumental composition along with incredible vibe of the Universe which is heard in its every single note. Generally, it appears that “Also Sprach Zarathustra” by Richard Strauss has its main peculiarities in its harmonious form, inimitable style, and balanced composition which are beautifully emphasized by magnificent cooperation of multi-instrumental performing. First of all, speaking about “Also Sprach Zarathustra” by Richard Strauss, it is important to make an emphasis on the abundance of the most varied instruments applied in it. This piece of music is played by the orchestra consisting of woodwinds: piccolo, 3 flutes, 3 oboes, English horn, 3 clarinets in E-flat and B-flat, bass clarinet in B-flat, contrabassoon, 3 bassoons; brass: 4 trumpets in C, 6 horns in F, 3 trombones, 2 tubas; percussion: timpani, cymbals, bass drum, triangle, bell on low E, glockenspiel; keyboard: organ; strings: 16 violins, 2 harps, violas, double basses, and cellos (Kennedy 87). Thus, it is evident that this piece of music is rich in its harmony and the most diversified sounds which put it together. Such abundance of instruments applied for this music piece adds to its inimitable spirit which seems to show the very “breath” of the Universe. The impact of this opus is also explained by harmonious form, inimitable style
Introduction Background of Juway’s Café Juway’s Café started in 1999 as a small business outlet that was started by Juwariya in Maldives. From a humble beginning, this firm was able to grow rapidly in the service industry, overcoming a number of challenges in the process. The management of the firm remained resilient in the face of stiff market competition. Currently, Juway’s Café is one of the leading food outlets in Maldives. Besides offering various products to clients who visit its stores, the firm also offers catering services for events like weddings, birthday parties, and corporate functions, among others. Although 2015 has been predicted to be a year full of numerous challenges to the business fraternity in this country, Juway’s Café has a clear game plan on how to overcome these challenges. An interview with the owner of this business clearly shows that this firm is prepared to deal with the problem of decreasing number of tourists in the country. Background of the service industry The service industry in the country has experienced massive growth over the past few years. In this paper, the focus will be on the hospitality industry as part of the service sector. This industry heavily relies upon the tourism industry. An influx of tourists into this country always boosts business in this industry. According to Kusluvan (2003), some events in the recent past have caused uproar in the international community, hurting the service industry, especially the tourism sector. Strict application of Shariah laws have made some tourists to avoid visiting this country. Main Target Market of Juway’s Café Juway’s Café’s main target market comes from the local population. As the owner of this firm stated, this café targets the local consumers, especially those who may want catering services for various events such as those discussed above. The international tourists who visit the country from time to time also make another attractive market segment for this firm. According to the statements of the owner of this firm, Juway’s Café is planning to look for markets beyond the borders in the near future. Competitive advantage of Juway’s Café The high number of firms in this industry has made it very competitive, making it necessary for Juway’s Cafe to find ways of gaining competitive edge over its market rivals. To understand the competitiveness of this firm, conducting a SWOT analysis will be necessary at this stage
When adults opt for medical treatment, they should be well informed of the expected benefits, expected pain and discomfort, possible risks and unwanted side effects, and the costs and consequences of alternatives such as no treatment or medication versus surgery (Ollendick and Prinz, 1993). In the case of psychotherapy, many therapists find it difficult to provide specific information regarding the length of the treatment, the nature of sessions, treatment plan, confidentiality, and its limits and alternative treatment options. However, mental health professionals are obligated to provide clients with such information that will enable them to make an informed choice regarding whether or not to pursue treatment. This is generally a time-consuming process. Concepts need to be explained in simple language (Ford, 2000). Psychotherapy, while being beneficial and therapeutic, can also cause harm. Psychotherapy can involve transference reactions, regressive dependency states, and worsening clinical conditions (Simon, 2001). Therefore patients need to be informed of both the benefits and risks of specific psychotherapies. The following should be discussed with the prospective psychotherapy patient: anticipated benefits, potential risks, a cautious prognostic assessment, expected with and without treatment, and available alternative treatments, including risks and benefits (Simon, 2001). More specifically, Bruce Gross in his research paper titled “Informed Consent” emphasizes that it is against all professional ethics and all states’ law to treat persons without their informed consent. Legally, consent requires the existence of three conditions: the consenting adult must be mentally competent, the consent must be given voluntarily and it must be informed. For consent to be informed, the potential client must fully understand what they are consenting to. In particular, all clients should be provided with specific information to include: the professional’s title and license, training, and experience in brief, as well as any issues or personal problems that can negatively impact the treatment process; the limits of confidentiality; details of records that will be made and maintained; diagnostic and treatment methods that might be used; availability of the professional in the event of a crisis; anticipated length of treatment; fees and billing practices; alternative treatment options; expected benefits of treatment; possible risks of treatment; and the rights of all clients including the right to not pursue treatment at all or with the given professional (Gross, 2001). Informed consent is sometimes obtained orally in the first session. But in the case of psychothera