ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The issue of Los Angeles (LA) County men’s jail violence has been in the public domain for some time now, with available documentation acknowledging that the violence seems deeply entrenched despite a litany of reports and recommendations that have been proposed by multiple bodies to address it. A report released in 2012 by the American Civil Rights Union (ACRU) shows that the use of unnecessary force against inmates in LA County jails is a major factor in explaining the high levels of violence experienced in these jails (County of Los Angeles 2). This view is consistent with Steve Bogira’s observation that prisoners in bail courts are threatened with unnecessary force by the deputies even in situations whereby such use of force is unwarranted (Bogira 6-7). While it is evident that the ongoing investigation into the LA County men’s jail violence has unearthed many triggering factors, including the persistent pattern of unreasonable use of force by deputies, overcrowding, substandard jail conditions, and rivalry amongst gang members (County of Los Angeles 1-2), it is becoming increasingly evident that the maltreatment of prisoners by those in authority is an ongoing concern in the attempt to address these challenges. From the materials presented in the course, these challenges can be interpreted from the perspective of an American criminal justice system that has failed to put its priorities in order, hence reinforcing violence and recidivism among prisoners rather than ensuring their reformation. Although the County men’s jail houses some of the most dangerous and violent inmates and rival gang members in the United States, it cannot escape mention how officials charged with the responsibility of reforming inmates and ensuring their successful reentry into the community have, on the contrary, produced more hardened and increasingly violent jailbirds. This unfortunate shift in expectations can only be best described by the persistent use of unreasonable force in the jail, and how much force reinforces negative behaviors among prisoners serving their jail terms. The report by the ACRU is clear that “deputies sometimes use unnecessary force against inmates in the jails, to either exact punishment or to retaliate for something the inmate is perceived to have done” (County of Los Angeles 2). In the courtroom, prisoners are treated unfairly by deputies and exposed to dehumanizing practices such as the penetrative strip search (Bogira 6). Upon closer reflection, these experiences may serve as potential causes of a heightened inmate on inmate violence and attendant recidivism upon release. Lastly, it may also be possible that prisoners are threatened with violence as a way to subdue them and ensure their compliance in the courtrooms or jails (Bogira 7). But while
Introduction Blue Nile was founded in the year 1999 (Thompson 1) and it has since grown to become the world largest online retail dealer of best high quality diamonds and gems. The company markets its product online through the internet. An Evaluation of the Company’s Strategy Low cost strategy The Blue Nile Company has few employees as most of its products are marketed online and thus this has enabled the company to operate at low costs compared to its other industry competitors. This low costs operation enables the company to sell its diamonds and gemstone products at lower prices thus having a cutting edge over its competitors. The company’s strategy of operating in virtual stores, thus displaying its products in the internet without having the real products and only purchasing the required diamond or gems after an order has been placed, enables her to minimize risks and the costs involved in carrying large inventories and purchasing huge stocks which no customer demands for. Another cost saving strategy which enables the company sell its products at cheaper prices is the lean operating costs that the company employs. Rather than employing everybody on permanent basis, the company hires experts for example from the financial and merchandising sectors on contract basis and only when their services are required rather than employing them on permanent basis where they could be demanding for wages daily or monthly without having done anything productive. This has resulted in the Blue Nile Company offering high quality diamonds and fine jewelry at attractive prices which are affordable to most of its customers. Education information and certification Providing its customers with useful information about their stocks and a trusted guidance throughout the purchasing process is another strategy the company is using to stay as the global leader in jewel online trading. The educational information provided, the in depth product information, the grading reports, and the wide product coverage gives its customers the confidence that they know what they are dealing with. The information provided includes t
JetBlue airway is one of the companies that are making use, and benefiting from the use of web 2.0 applications. There was a time this company set a 21-hour blogging when they were opening their new terminal 5 at JFK airport. Their main theme was to keep continuous posts to inform the world about the happenings in the new terminal. This blog was to target both the customers and the employees from all over, to keep them updated. That blog exists up to date as a way of connecting both the internal and the external customers, and at the same time to show this company has adopted the new technology (O`Reilly). By use of web 2.0, David Neelman, the CEO of JetBlue was able to come up with a personal blog for the advantage of the JetBlue airways. After taking a flight in JetBlue, David collected data from the customers that he used to post in this blog. Through this, JetBlue was able to interact with its customers directly, and was a very successful exercise that attracted many customers to this airline and acted as a lesson to other companies. Consumer participation, social engagement, and motivation are crucial aspects in JetBlue. Through Flickr, JetBlue shares its events such as thanksgiving parties online to keep their customers engaged in their every move. The web 2.0 has helped JetBlue to share its experiences with customers, to make them participate through comments and feel as part of the company. This is a great way of motivating the customers to maintain the company loyalty (O`Reilly). Through online sharing, the customers and the employees of the company feel honored and appreciated. Through the exclusive eBay stores, JetBlue has interacted with its treasured customers through the most comfortable way without interrupting their activities. JetBlue believes in making the best use of technology to reach new customers and to retain the old ones through participation and socializing with them. Through the applications o
Historical perspective Some organizations, especially those in areas exempted from the minimum wage laws and dominated by consistent denial of freedom to unionize workers, employees are often subjected to poor working conditions (risk, overcrowding, and poor ventilation) and low pay. In such organizations, child labor is also high (Blackburn, 2001). Currently, in the US, labor laws prohibit manufacturing organizations from employing minors coupled with placing legal requirements that improve the rights of workers such as setting minimum wage and the number of working hours per work shift through intensive struggles of labor movements against sweatshops that appeared during the industrial revolution. The concept of sweatshop emerged in 1830s and it became popularized in 1850s (Blackburn, 2001). In the US, the economic depression of 1900s rendered many families poor. Children and women resorted to seeking employment on garment manufacturing organizations to boost household incomes. Such children and women worked under poor working conditions for very little pay per day or sometime denied the pay. According to Powell (2012), sweatshops were “crowded, poorly ventilated, and prone to fires and rat infestations: in many cases there were many workers crowded into small tenement rooms” (p.449). In England, Australia, and the US, various movements campaigning against sweatshops emerged in the late 1890s and early 1900s. For instance, ‘The National Anti-Sweating League’ successfully led to the embracement of the concept of minimum wage in Melbourne, Australia, through campaigns and street demonstrations against poor pay in the garment sweatshops. In the UK, similar campaigns led to the establishment of the Trade Board Act of 1909. When criticism against garment factories were extended to manufacturing organizations in other sectors, the term sweatshop, was adopted to refer to all organizations perpetrating poor working conditions, exploiting employees, and pursuing child labor. According to Powell (2012), “trade unions, minimum wage laws, fire safety laws, and labor laws have made sweatshops rarer in the developed world” (p.452). Nevertheless, the author notes that such achievements have not eliminated sweatshops completely in the US, although the term is more related to manufacturing organizations based in developing nations. This assertion is reinforced by the 1994 report released by the office for government accountability in the US. The report noted that many organizations in the US defined sweatshops as “any employer that violates more than one federal or state labor law governing minimum wage and overtime, child labor, industrial homework , occupational safety and health, workers’ compensation, or industry registration” (Blackburn, 2001, p.47). This definition focuses on the standards required in a factory operating in the developed world. While in the US the working conditions h
The aspects of the presidency, interest groups, democracy, public opinion, bureaucracy, and elections are discussed widely in the NY Times. Since the actual importance of these aspects for the American citizens is essential, it is hard to overestimate the significance of the information published in this periodical. Therefore, the analyzed articles will be regarded from the perspective of the stated aspects. The promise and performance of American democracy in the articles are emphasized by the very existence of these articles, as the authors are free to discuss and analyze any event associated with political life in the USA. All three articles perform in depth analysis of the events, or offer all the necessary information for such an analysis, hence, whether these are discussion of a public opinion, description of the governor’s actions, or analysis of the judicial system authorization, the democracy provides the necessary framework for the mass media freedom, and the following public discussion of these aspects and events. Public opinion is one of the most important aspects among the six regarded, and all three articles pay specific attention to it. Therefore, Ryan, Pushing Budget, Resists Talk of Higher Office article is slightly focused on the matters of the possible results of the elections, considering the public opinion of the audience. However, the most important aspects of the article are democracy, the presidency of Obama, his position associated with democracy in the USA, as well as a bureaucratic system of the federal government. These aspects are mainly intended to identify the nature of the relations within the higher office, and the attitude of the interest groups towards these relations. Governor of Mississippi Won’t Run for President article is deeply invoved into the assessment of the public opinion (by discussing the attitude of the public towards Haley Barbour’s abandoning of the attempt to join the presidential race), as well as the aspects of presidency and bureaucracy. These factors of the political life and analysis are needed to create the framework for assessing the democratic opportunities that were used by gov. Barbour, hence, formed a pleasant public opinion background among his potential electors. The interest groups are not discussed widely in this article; however, it is evident that the audience took his efforts seriously. In the light of this fact it should be emphasized that democracy will take its effect, and the governor will not have enough chances to become a second-term governor. Justices Skeptical on Role of Courts in Setting Emissions Standards may be regarded as the assessment of the judicial system within the democratic framework, and with the bureaucratic background. Considering the fact that the case regarded in the article is not seriously associated wit
Introduction Discrimination in the workplace is one of the issues that affect many organizations in modern American society. This society is highly diversified because of the increasing rate of migration into the country of people who look for better opportunities in life. In most of the organizations, it is possible to find a highly diversified workplace environment. However, people always try to associate with those who share their cultural beliefs and practices. The minority group would always find themselves alienated from the larger groups as people define themselves on the basis of their cultural backgrounds, gender, age, ethnicity, religious practices, or any other relevant demographical factor. This may degenerate into discrimination if it is not addressed in time. Discrimination has a massive negative impact on the productivity of employees. It inhibits the ability of people to work as a team when addressing various issues within an organization. It also limits creativity and innovativeness because the culture of sharing new ideas will be reduced. This issue should be addressed accordingly in order to ensure that it does not affect the prosperity of an organization. This research will apply qualitative methods in data collection and analysis in order to find a solution to this common problem in society. Addressing Discrimination at the Workplace Recent social researches revealed that American society had been affected by the problem of discrimination ever since slavery, and the slave trade was introduced in the country several centuries ago. According to the research by Roscigno (2007), discrimination intensified after the abolition of slavery soon after independence. However, the culture of tolerance has been inculcated in Americans as the world looks on to it to provide the truest example of democracy and tolerance to diversity. The society has seen positive changes made towards having a society that is free from any form of discrimination. However, the truth is that discrimination is yet to be eliminated in American society. According to Roscigno (2007), the existing socio-cultural differences among employees have been seen as the main source of discrimination in the current workplace. Discrimination may not come in a direct manner where an individual is paid less salary compared to others, or assigned inhumane tasks. It may be in various soft forms, such as denying an employee a promotion that he or she deserves because of her/his gender, culture, religion, race, or any other demographical factors. It may also be in the form of alienation of others because they do not share common beliefs or cultural practices. Cohn (2009) argues that it is important to address these discriminatory issues in the workplace in order to avoid their impact on an organization. When discrimination is addressed, employees will be able to work as a team. They will be able to share new ideas that will promote their ability to be innovative in various fi
Introduction Art is an integral part of human culture and every person’s life. It began to arise as soon as people had a desire to create and thus express their attitude to the world around them, to pass on their experience and knowledge. Over time, people learned to create more complex works of art. The valuable knowledge that the creators possessed was systematized and passed down from generation to generation in the form of separate sciences. People began to organize theater and dance performances, create musical instruments, and play them. Build their own homes, decorate them, make one house utterly different from another, paint pictures, and write books. One of the most common and complex types of art is visual art. It has delighted and surprised people with the ability to create masterpieces, recreating reality, or transferring imaginary worlds to canvases of all ages. Artists, plunging into their passion, spent their last money on rare materials at that time. They painted pictures for years, putting their soul into their work, which quite noticeably affected their results. Now people look with admiration at every detail of the masterpieces displayed in museums and galleries. The circumstances of the creation of the picture Salvador Dali’s painting, “The Constancy of Memory”, made the most vivid impression on me. This masterpiece was created by the artist in 1931 and was also called “Soft Watch.” Dotson (2020) claims that this painting became the most famous creation of the artist. The image is the personification of the artist himself, the totality of his views and thoughts, beliefs, phobias, obsessions, and financial circumstances at the time of painting. Dali’s beloved woman was not accepted by his father, after which there was a quarrel resulting from which Dali was expelled from his father’s house. He and his beloved were in a critical financial situation, and in addition to love, they had a fear of tomorrow. They were worried that they might have nothing to eat tomorrow, as their income was small and not regular. One evening they were visited by friends with whom they had dinner and were going to the cinema, but Dali had a migraine, and he left at home. He watched the Camembert cheese that had been leftover from dinner melt in the sun. Then he got up and went to the bedroom, passing by the studio, where there was an unfinished landscape with views of the rocks and a dry olive tree in the foreground. The artist felt that the picture was missing something but could not understand what exactly. He was about to leave when the thought occurred that what was missing was a watch that melts like Camembert cheese. He completed the painting with images of a melting clock and his self-portrait in the center. Detailed picture description Each element of the picture carries a specific meaning; for example, the rock is the personification of his native place since his house was located next to the rock. Three clocks mean past, present, and future time, and their soft form implies that time is perceived by people subjectively since it has the property of running at different speeds. The clock turned upside down in the artist’s understan
Yanomami people are regarded as an illustration of the way human societies developed at certain stages of their existence. These tribes inhabit the territories of two countries of South America. One of the most remarkable features of the Yanomami is that they did not develop into an advanced civilization. It is possible to consider two major reasons for this: living in harmony with the environment and the focus on equality. The two factors affecting the development of the Yanomami people are now regarded as positive concepts that have to be brought to life in modern life. However, they prevented the Yanomami from developing into an advanced civilization. The Yanomami believe that humans are a part of the system, so individuals should not cause any harm to the ecosystem (Vidal). These people do not tolerate the exploitation of the resources, which is a characteristic feature of any advanced civilization. Furthermore, true equality and collectivism are characteristic features of the tribes. People are eager to share with the rest of their community; they do not exercise any authority over their peers (Vidal). All the decisions are made after debates that can be quite lasting. There is no struggle for resources within the community, which can also be the reason behind the level of this society’s development. In conclusion, it is possible to note that Yanomami tribes did not evolve into advanced civilizations (as viewed by western people) due to their focus on living in harmony with nature and equality within their community. Other civilizations managed to use technology to gain more resources, which led to these societies’ advancement. However, Yanomami people cherish their traditions and are eager to live the way their ancestors did. Work Cited Vidal, John. “ People in the West Live Squeezed Together, Frenzied as Wasps in the Nest. ” The Guardian . 2014. Web.
There is no use denying the fact that the role of a human service professional becomes more and more significant in modern society. It happens due to the combination of such factors as the increased demand for services provided by these specialists and the general improvement of the quality of life of people in the majority of states. That is why, trying to make their life easier or protect themselves, citizens address human services professionals who provide help for them in various spheres of social life. However, it should be said that very often these very professionals face a challenge that has a great impact on their functioning. Analyzing the work of this sort of specialists, it is vital to outline several aspects that are very important for the given sphere. First of all, one should remember the fact that the work of a human service professional is aimed at the protection of a persons interests, feelings, and dignity (American Counseling Association, 2005). That is why, a specialist should act following a certain code of ethics accepted in the given sphere (Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, 2000). Secondly, the functioning of all professionals is regulated by the government which means that very often they might meet challenges created by certain limits at the state level ( National Organization for Human Services, n.d.). This very fact is one of the most important aspects of the work of human service professionals. Besides, having mentioned this sort of challenge, it is important to analyze one of them to show the great importance of the given issue. The character of this job implies close cooperation with a person, which means that the sphere of ethics becomes very important here. Moreover, there is a great number of various regulations that try to control the given sphere. However, they also limit a professional. For example, in the USA and the state of Georgia, the law guarantees personal privacy ( Chapter 2 – Persons and their rights , 2014), besides, in the course of their work advocates very often face the situation when this regulation introduces a great number of obstacles and problems which decrease the level of the efficiency of the given specialists. Resting on these facts, it is possible to say that not all laws or regulations introduced by the government promote the functioning of these professionals. However, the main aim of these laws is also to protect people from various manipulations. That is why one could admit the dilemma that exists in the given sphere. Sometimes, human service professionals might suffer from existing laws and be unable to solve a certain problem (Carey