ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary The report covers the Lower Merion Township area with its real estate market characteristics. It examines the projected sales of the common developments in the area, in addition to looking at customer characteristics and competitors. The report evaluates the Oak Hill Condominiums developments, which include the Oak Hill Estates consisting of 135 townhome units that are put up in seven buildings. The other properties by the same developer are Oak Hill Terraces. The report predicts that the occupancy rate will remain at two-thirds of the available real estate space, which implies that developers have to contend with a 70 percent sale in the first year. It predicts that the market should gradually fill the remaining units, although they may have to sell for lower than the prevailing market rates to attract quick customers. Customers interested in the Oak Hill Condominiums are people who have good access to mortgage facilities by virtue of their professional employment or the income from their artistic pursuits. They are affluent by the standards of Pennsylvania because their incomes are higher than other regions in the state. They are people who will be attracted by the existing forest vegetation around the property and its well-developed infrastructure for accessing the neighboring Philadelphia. The report shows that the location and the style of housing in the project are the main features that attract customers and contribute to a favorable performance in the market. Introduction The Oak Hill Condominium housing development has 135 townhomes. Its 314 apartment-style condominiums target affluent people in the Lower Merion Township of Pennsylvania. It is a project that is similar to the Summerlin development Las Vegas, Nevada (Summerlin par. 1). The mixed development has different attractions, such as the design of the houses and their location, as well as the culture of the township and its predominant white-collar professional characteristic. It is also home to excellent educational facilities that make it attractive to families. The development has four stories and three-story buildings that offer one-bedroom and one-bath units, as well as three bedrooms and three bath units. The mixed development style is supposed to cater for different family sizes and different housing capacity demands for people looking for the same features in the neighborhood. Project Sales and Market Occupation rates for Summerlin have been 69 percent from 2009 to 2013. The rate is likely to remain the same for the coming years. It implies that developers of real estates in the area have to contend with a two-thirds occupancy rate for their new developments. It might take many years for them to achieve a full sale of the units built. Thus, they must be looking for additional forms of filling the deficit, such as promoting the houses on discounts and renting them out as they look for the buyers. Nevertheless, the region is known for its homeownership, and it attracts few renters compared to other areas. The high-income class makes it an excellent market for new and existing homeowners, and it provides predictable results. The low population is the
Introduction Every business that enters the market is willing to be competitive and successful, as it is the only way to become profitable and meet the main economic goal common for all organizations. In order to do this, sellers should pay much attention to the peculiarities of demand and supply, emphasizing the way they influence the price of the product or service. Enormous attention is paid to their dynamics in the article prepared by Obizhaevaa and Wang (2013). An assistant professor of finance and Chinese businessman and philanthropist tried to develop an efficient trading strategy that can reduce execution costs. They consider that both large and small trades can benefit if they can successfully operate without focusing on the static properties of supply and demand for security. The authors claim that it is more advantageous to think about dynamics and discuss how the speed of recovery affects trades. They conclude that an efficient and effective trading strategy can be developed only with the help of a complex mix that includes trades of various sizes and can substantially save money. All in all, professionals create strategies for different trades that have diverse approaches to the perception of liquidity. It is claimed that the type of liquidity flow is not significant for small trades, but those businesses that operate with the large one should consider elimination, of the liquidity that is currently observed and reference to the new one. The authors published this work in the Journal of Financial Markets. In this way, they got an opportunity to reach other professionals who deal with issues related to securities trading and pricing. This journal is focused on peer-reviewed research papers that are based on critical theoretical concepts, which proves that the articles published in it are authoritative and extremely valuable for business. Review The purpose of the article is to find out “what trading strategy is optimal in a market with limited supply/demand or liquidity” (Obizhaevaa & Wang, 2013). In this framework, the authors also pay much attention to the role of supply and demand, their influence on business operations, trading strategies, prices, and savings. As a result, professionals receive an opportunity to discuss the whole market function. The authors considered that their main task was to investigate supply and demand dynamics and prove their significance for developing the optimal strategy. They were interested in the way the limited elasticity influenced trading behavior. Professionals claimed that the execution prices are often rather high. Trying to make it more efficient, businesses refer to the complex evaluation of static supply and demand properties, which is not vital for the organization and its success. Obizhaevaa and Wang came to the idea that when developing the supply/demand schedule, initial dynamic changes should be discussed because they can dissipate over time. In this way, they
Aging Brain Aging of the body is inevitable over time; it affects all organs, especially the brain. As people get older, the connections between neurons gradually weaken – the brain undergoes significant changes during a lifetime compared to any other part of the body. When a person is born, the brain contains numerous neurons, but the number of connections between them is insignificant. As a person grows older, many neural connections are formed, and they begin to weaken with age. Alterations in gene expression are the processes by which genetic information from a gene, the so-called DNA nucleotide sequence, is converted to RNA or protein and may play a role in neuronal aging (Grimm & Eckert, 2017). Synaptic plasticity is the primary mechanism by which the phenomenon of memory and learning is realized (Grimm & Eckert, 2017). The genes involved in this process are less active in older people’s brains than in younger people’s minds. They might have more signs of DNA damage that build up over life and contribute to the brain’s aging process. This process is linked with genes modification; it affects the cognitive abilities changes among older adult
Introduction Niche in French directly translates to nest. Niche marketing thus has the connotation of being cagey meaning it’s focus is on a minute portion of the larger product and service market whose needs are not met in a satisfactory manner (Groucutt, 2004), (Armstrong, et al., 2007). Most businesses, that are market leaders nowadays, began with an interest in serving a particular small composition of people and developed into bigger outlets with improvements in their products (Moore and Paree, 2009). Niche marketing, however, does not mostly apply to big companies but rather medium to small enterprises that produce specialty products not available in the mainstream markets (Dalgic, 2006). The market size can be geographically chosen, targeting an age group or ethnic community or it can also be a variation of a common product not produced by any other firms. There is no difference between identifying potential business ventures with identifying niche markets. In fact, most people who have successfully ventured into the niche market business do so accidentally. The guaranteed way to success lies in persistence and recognition of vacuums in product and service markets. For anyone starting a business, there are several factors they have to consider. First, there is a need to identify the particular niche market you intend to serve and its characteristics. Secondly, one should ensure that the business they are venturing into rhymes with the specific professional goals they harbour. Another factor that should be considered is resources at hand and those that lack and need acquiring. Lastly, one should develop a business plan that details extensively the way they intend to start, run and market the business. A description of the business, an analysis of the niche market, a mission statement, strategies and objectives of the business, plan of marketing, description of operations, expected sale figures, risk analysis, a financial plan and the expected source of assistance are all details that should be considered and detailed in a business plan. Case study In the United States, there are immense opportunities that are associated with agriculture guaranteed by the diversity that the population possesses, in terms of the different cultures, hence different staple diets. For example, food that is the staple diet for African-Americans in Harlem is not the same as that consumed in China town, both of these areas being in New York City. Quality, adaptability and novelty are the key factors that determine success in the agricultural industry. As niche marketing is mostly done by small to medium enterprises for a specific market, we will discuss Rockridge farm in Seattle, US (DePhelps et al., 2005). The farm is about 41acres in size and specializes in the growth of Asian pears, Japanese and Chinese cucumbers, hothouse tom
Introduction In his role as the principal character in Albert Camus’ novel The Stranger , Meursault is a threat to society that upholds the death penalty because he is looked upon as a bad and dangerous example that could lead other people astray. Meursault breaks many societal traditions, causing society to wait for a chance to punish him. That opportunity comes when Meursault kills the Arab brother of Raymond Sintes’ mistress. Society gleefully pounces on the unlawful act and uses it to provide the maximum punishment to Meursault – the death penalty. Main text Meursault is given the death penalty not so much for the actual killing but for the blatant way he flouts one societal norm after another that leads society to brand him as an outsider. One of his more ‘damning crimes’ is his indifference at his mother’s funeral {“The investigator had learned that I had ‘shown insensitivity’” (Camus, 64}); this act, coupled with the knowledge that Meursault let his mother languish in an old persons’ home for 3 years before her death, greatly influences the Court’s decision to award the death penalty (Gillis et al.). Had he not offended society with his atheist views, anti-social stance and uncaring difference to societal traditions, he could have got off with a more lenient sentence on several grounds such as a self-defense plea, harboring no intent to kill or even manslaughter. In the first two instances he could have banked on the favorable testimony of Raymond and Celeste. Raymond, probably goaded by a guilty conscience , strongly asserts Meursault’s innocence (Gillis et al.) during the trial {“He blurted out that he was innocent” (Camus, 95)}. Celeste, a restaurant owner, declares in court that it was sheer back luck that led to the killing by Meursault, a truthful and respectable individual who regularly frequents his restaurant {“having lunch at Celeste’s like I usually did” (Camus, 21)}. In the third instance, given the fact that the Arab was a foreigner, Meursault stood a good chance of getting a manslaughter charge. Meursault is an outsider because he does not follow the rules and traditions laid down by society. The overall reason behind this is Meursault’s amorality. Instead of being moral, he is amoral, meaning that he does not mentally differentiate between good and bad. Several incidents testify to his amoral attitude. When Raymond requests his help to draft a tormenting letter to his mistress, Meursault readily agrees because it is a matter of indifference to him {“because I didn’t have any reason not to please [Raymond]” (Camus, 32)]. In another incident, Meursault does not shed tears at his mother’s funeral {“[Everyone was] surprised by my calm the day of the funeral” (Camus
In recent decades, energy has become one of the most important resources for humanity. However, the lack of attention to the subject has created a pressing need to review the current energy use in order to optimize its consumption without lowering our quality of life. Numerous solutions have been proposed to address the issue. The paper outlines the most feasible approaches to improving the Energy plan by increasing the proportion of renewable energy in the energy mix and reducing demand for energy in the construction and transportation industries. Two overall directions are considered viable in the energy plan optimization process. The first direction is the reduction of the demand for energy. The proposed change can be achieved by implementing a number of innovative solutions in the construction industry. One such innovation is AERspire, a roofing technology implemented as a part of the AER II cross-border project. The project provides a roofing solution that is both visually pleasing and highly functional. The system uses photovoltaic elements integrated into glass panels that are capable of producing electricity sufficient for powering an average household. In addition, AERspire uses solar thermal heat to provide the supply of hot water necessary for personal means (InnoEnergy, n.d.). The installation process begins with the assessment of the power requirements of a specific household, after which a certain amount of photovoltaic elements is installed. The remaining space is then filled with dummy panels to ensure an aesthetically pleasing result. The described modular system provides the necessary flexibility and visual attractiveness for the consumers, promoting the adoption of green energy use while simultaneously redistributing energy load more evenly across the system. Another consumer-level solution is Plactherm, a smart floor heating system included in SMEInst-09-2016-2017 initiative as an energy consumption reduction technology. Plactherm uses an automated, remotely-controlled system operated through a cloud-based application for maintaining a stable room temperature that is adjusted according to a set of factors. The solution is oriented primarily at offices and similar environments designed to contain a large number of people. The heating element is made in the form of a floor tile with embedded sensors and is compatible with a number of energy sources, including renewable ones (Plactherm, n.d.). Most importantly, the system is capable of creating several thermal zones within a single space. These zones are individually configurable and can be adjusted automatically, creating a highly adjustable energy consumption plan. According to the estimates, the consumption of energy for heating purposes can be reduced by up to 30% as a result of Plactherm installation (Plactherm, n.d.). In addition, an individualized climate enhances the quality of workplace conditions, increasing the possibility of adoption. The third technology suggested for energy demand reduction is OGGA, an intelligent consumer-level energy management solution included in a Smart Buildings Alliance for Smart Cities program. An OGGA unit includes
Put in print in 1759, Candide has been considered as one of the most Voltaire’s masterpiece. In Candide, Voltaire sharply criticized the corruptible power of the nobility, futile speculations of philosophy, religious hypocrisy, cruelty and the folly of optimism. Even though Candide in many instances have been considered as representative manuscript of enlightenment, the book satirizes many philosophies of the enlightenment and makes it obvious that enlightenment was far distance from huge movement it purports to be. The book is a reflection of the Voltaire’s enduring dislike of the powerful religious regimes and the superciliousness of the French nobility. In contrast, Candide leveled Voltaire’s criticism against the enlightenment philosophical movement. Candid attacked the optimistic school of thought assertion that rational thinking was capable of ending the tribulations committed by humans. Voltaire examined in depth the folly of optimism and his attack can be seen in Pangloss optimistic philosophy. “Pangloss granted teaching in the metaphysico-theologico-cosmolo-nigology. He splendidly attested that there cannot perhaps be a consequence with no cause and that in this probably best world the castle that belonged to the baron was the most stunning amongst every castle and of all baronesses, his wife was ideally the best. Pangloss alleged that, ‘Most things might not appear beyond what they currently look like given that all things became into being to manifestly serve the preeminent end’. In fact, we have spectacles owing to the fact that noses were created to support the spectacles’ (Voltaire, 8). Pangloss philosophy as quoted is one of the most important targets of Voltaire’s sardonic poke. Pangloss and his student Candide believed that individuals subsist ‘in the best of every probable world’ (Voltaire, 8). However, the appalling life they were going through was in total contrast to the belief. In fact, their belief was similar to the beliefs of most famous philosophers during Voltaire’s epoch. Basically, Leibniz affirmed that given that the caring Lord made the universe out of imagination, the universe ought to be best possible. The human perception under such systems is that evils exist because people do not understand the underlying forces which control the world. Thus, they are not aware that evils exist for the larger betterment. In the excerpt, Voltaire (8) did not merely disparage the ensuing philosophical sanguinity but equally the philosophical eccentricity of Enl
Market research plays an integral role in the growth and launch of a product or brand. Before launching the new product, the grocery wants to confirm how likely the current and potential customers are going to accept the products. To achieve this, the grocery can use marketing research’s rating scales like the Likert scale, Semantic Differential Scale, and Stapel scale (Dalati, 2018). Moreover, some of the descriptive factors to be studied are; who would purchase the products, the possibility of purchasing the products over rival products, and the customers’ perceived quality of each product (Wilson, 2018). Therefore, this paper will discuss the use of primary scales for measuring consumer preference for quinoa-based products. Likert Scale The Likert scale is a scale that uses five responses ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. This scale was chosen because it can be used to understand the respondents’ level of agreement or disagreement on each set of statements provided (Dalati, 2018). For instance, the table below depicts a Likert scale for Quinoa-based products that the grocery store might evaluate. The grocery store can request the respondents to respond to the statements as shown below.                                                                                Strongly disagree  Disagree  Neither  Agree  Strongly agree I believe your Quinoa is of good value                                         1                  2         3        5      5              I would buy your Quinoa again and again                                        1                  2         3        4      5              I would recommend your Quinoa to my friends                                    1                  2         3        4      5              I am happy with the price of the Quinoa                                        1                  2         3        4      5              I would choose your Quinoa over the ones offered by competitors in the market  1                  2         3        4      5               Semantic Differential Scale A Semantic Differential Scale is a scale that requests the respondents to a brand, product, or organization using a multi-point rating option. This rating scale is used because it is the most reliable way to get information on an individual’s emotional attitude towards a given subject (Dalati, 2018). For example, when using this scale, the grocery will request the respondent to rate the price they are willing to purchase a Quinoa. Question 1: How much are you willing to pay for each Quinoa? $5  :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:  $15  Stapel Scale Stapel scale is a scale developed to determine the respondent’s attitude towards a given product or brand. This rating scale was selected because it is easy to administer (Dalati, 2018). In addition, the rating nature of the responses makes it easier for a survey to answer the questions correctly (Dalati, 2018). The scale also prevents the respondents from having a neutral response because there are no zero points. +5                     +5                           +4                     +4                           +3
There has been the development of technology in water transport wherein ships have become autonomous or controlled remotely by an individual. These systems have their advantages, but since the technology is still new and developers have yet to develop solutions to some problems that may arise, such as partly false dependence on redundancy and human fallback. The false dependence on redundancy means that the technology uses data in an emergency to solve multiple problems. A drawback to this method is that one problem may not be solved by data collected from another problem. The above problem may be solved using artificial intelligence, including machine learning, to improve the ship’s algorithm and route optimization. Data for the AI can be acquired by using a digital twin ship, radar and LIDAR, and the use of computer vision. A digital twin ship is a virtual vessel that reassembles the vessel and includes ship dynamics like the power and ship propulsion systems (Partner, 2020). The data collected from the twin ship will be used to run different simulations and test scenarios. The different scenarios can find the minimum risk condition to avoid losses of items or the crew onboard the ship. Computer vision and radars can also collect data used for automation identification signatures (AIS) to identify water vessels around the ship. Sensors will also be used to collect data, and this information collected will be sent through secure communication channels (“Remote controlled and autonomous ships,” 2018). Algorithms can be made better by the collection of data. Communications should be made secure in order to reduce cases of insecurity and cyber security. Autonomous and remote-controlled water vessels will be a thing of the future, but beforehand developers need to gather enough data to reduce false dependence on redundancy.