ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Companies struggle to make hefty profits; however, they fail to deliberate on moral, business practices like diversity and discrimination. Companies like ‘PepsiCo’, ‘Hospital Corporation of America’ (HCA), and ‘Indymac Bank’ possess policies that entail diversity and discrimination. They constitute the corporations that have remained in the list of the global leading ethical companies. It is imperative to affirm that these companies exude high levels of ethics in businesses as evident in their policies. Their respective HR guidelines outline diversity inclusion; furthermore, they embrace equality, as well as extraordinary concern for nationals with disabilities. In particular, HCA has a diversity and inclusion unit, which aims at cultivating a tradition of incorporating across the corporation. This holds and enhances the diversity of the labor force thus excluding discrimination (Neslson, 1999). The management does not endure discrimination, and every person has to uphold high levels of equality. The PepsiCo is another company that has all-inclusive strategies on diversity and inequity. A diversity and inclusion congress implements all diversity issues in business. It has habitual diversity commemorations and occasions. Endeavors to hold diversity commence from the peak executive like the CEO and other supervisory personnel. Diversity is critical in this company, and all directors are accountable for its maintenance. There are training that aim at reducing discrimination thus engaging everyone regardless of physical disability, gender, and race (Mathis & Jackson, 2007). Indymac Bank has a bottomless dedication to diversity, as well as equity. It is crucial to note that the company has over 14 years of embracing diversity, as well as zero tolerance to prejudice. The business policy upholds custom of meritocracy. The company appraises and recompenses individuals depending on their performance. It does not deem race, gender, as well as racial locale (Career Builder, 2007). The company considers marginalized but talented individuals in their company. Recommendations Ethical codes that entail diversity, as well as discrimination matters are crucial for a company to flourish in the current marketplace. In a bid to foster a diverse labor force in a business, administrators should comprehend how it manipulates business practices and aims since failure to which may lead to discrimination. It is imperative for the HR department to recognize that diversity depicts all. This portrays that white males also fall within the diversity consideration. Excluding white men from the diversity contemplation leads to reverse discrimination, which should not be the case (Lynch, 2001). Corporations ought to constitute diversity and inclusion units, which deal with concerns of discrimination. Escalating the diversity of administration and workers offers the business greater standpoints on trade issues and prospects, together with a wider array of inspirations and resolutions. The HR sector should forever draw a distinction amid diversity, affirmative battle and o
Introduction Fairbanks Memorial Hospital is a full-fledged hospital that also serves as an acute-care hospital. The institution is a for-profit organization that has an estimated 300 beds and 160 staff physicians. The hospital is one of the 75 that are owned by the Conglomerate of Health Services of America. The hospital operates a walk-in clinic that is located two miles from the main hospital. The clinic’s name is Better Care Clinic and it operates across the street from a major shopping mall. The history of the organization indicates that it has managed to maintain profitability by providing well-appointed facilities for its clients. The hospital also boasts of a well-trained medical staff whose reputation is well known by the organization’s customers. The quality of services that are provided by the clinic is higher than the average. The hospital is looking for ways to address the issue of primary care physicians’ shortage. The main challenge is to convince the CEO that Better Care Clinic is a financially viable inclusion of the hospital.
Example that supports an age range In Human development, adolescence is the most important age range. According to psychoanalytic theorists, such as Freud and Ericson, the age range would determine the success of an individual in society. Freud observed that a person might develop some sexual characteristics that might end affecting his or her normal socialization. For instance, an individual might develop a negative attitude towards members of the opposite sex. At the stage, Freud noted that the libido reappears at the genital areas but takes a more mature anal form. In this regard, if proper balance is not achieved, an individual might develop weird sexuality. Development of peculiar sexual features is a result of frustrations at the stage. All sexuality problems encountered during childhood manifest the adolescence stage. Therefore, the age range is very important. Ericson observed that individuals might develop cult behaviors if proper balance is not negotiated. The stage is therefore very important in understanding the behavior of an individual (Murphy, & Dillon, 2011). Ericson observed that adolescence is the beginning of puberty and the main task confronting an individual is ego identity, ruling out the chances of ego confusion. If an individual does not balance the two, malignancy or maladaptive tendencies would take place. Ego identify implies that an adolescent understands his or her position in society. Through this, an individual would be in a position to solve internal and external conflicts. If an individual fails to answer the question “who am I,” he or she would probably suffer from ego confusion, which is referred to as fanatic. This is a situation where an individual believes his or her ways are perfect. Such an individual would be reluctant to follow societal rules and regulations. This is a stage when the life of an individual is either made or destroyed. At the stage, the family plays a minimal role in influencing behavior. The main socializing agent during adolescence is the media and the peer. Individuals learn more from the media and their friends. Example that supports the entire lifespan Psychodynamic theorists evaluated t
Introduction Americans have typically been regarded as large consumers and this has created a situation where they demand more products and services than they can possibly consume. This paper analyses the article of Schor Juliet that speaks of this rising phenomenon that has threatened the US economy. What is the author’s central message or thesis? The central message that Schor (2006) speaks of is the self-destructive ‘New Consumerism’ and ‘Competitive Consumption’ that forces families to spend more than they can afford on items that can be considered as luxury and not as comfortable. The American family income is coming down over the years in the net worth, but there is an overwhelming craving to maintain a social image of the society in which the family lives. With the current economic pressures that have come to the fore, the need to close the aspirational gap between the haves and the have not’s has become very urgent. This has forced the mother to take up jobs, not because the money is needed for a basic living but because the ‘New Consumerism’ demands that the family buy computers, enrol children for expensive classes, use dry cleaning services, buy a second car, indulge in stress-relieving experiences and so on. What arguments does the author use to advance her thesis? The author has used many arguments and facts to advance her thesis. The author speaks of the problems caused by ‘New Consumerism’ where families live in communities with high living and housing costs. Children need to be given advantages that need to be purchased on the private market such as lessons, computers, private schooling extra-curricular, etc. The pressures of having two adults working make the family buy a second car, use an expensive wardrobe, provide for childcare costs, dry cleaning, etc. The author suggests that even low-income households have not been spared from this problem. As it is, these families have irregular income, take part-time jobs, and have restrictions on welfare payment and so on. But credit card companies target many of these families, they watch more TV and are exposed to more consumerism. The author argues that this Mew Consumerism has taken out the money that can be used for another self-development purpose. Does the author make any claims of fact in the course of her arguments? The author has given at the end of the article a statement that “Sources for much of the data cited in this article can be found in the notes to The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don’t Need (HarperPerennial, 1999) or by contacting the author”. We have to assume that the data she has referenced is reliable and accurate. She has mentioned an analysis of data in one of the sections “Just over 40 per cent of adults earning $50,000 to $100,000 a year, and
The true subject of the film The movie, Jackie Brown, is a crime-drama genre film whose theme underscores how peanut pay contributes to crime. The protagonist, Jackie Brown, is an airline attendant working with an infamous Mexican airline in North America. She earns a meager salary and as a result, she collaborates with Ordell Robbie, who doubles as a black market gunrunner. Ordell lives in Los Angeles, in the US, and he uses Brown to smuggle money into the US from Mexico through the airline. Brown commits this crime to earn more money to supplement her low salary, which is too little to meet her needs (Jackie Brown). Throughout the movie, Brown acts under the conviction that she is not a criminal and her dealings with Ordell are justified by her financial circumstances. Although she is intercepted with cocaine and Ordell’s money amounting to $550,000, she seems confident and well composed, and even when Mark Dargus, an L.A.P.D detective, demands that they strike a deal to avoid going to jail, she refuses and thus she ends up in jail. This scene implies that Brown is acting carelessly towards life due to her low economic status, and thus, she does not care about breaking the law as long as she increases her financial worthiness. Another outstanding theme is betrayal amongst criminals. Interestingly, law enforcement agencies also accept a helping hand of a criminal with little knowledge that the criminal is finding her way out with the intercepted cash. The scene that supports this subject comes up when Nicolet and Dargus collaborate with Brown, who pretends to help them catch Ordell, whereas she has a deal with Ordell to pretend to help them while she finds her way out. The event turns out differently in the shopping mall where Max picks the bag containing $500,000 and frees as law enforcement agencies watch. On the other hand, Brown betrays Ordell, who helps her leave the jail and in planning a way out of the cop’s sight with the money, which, to Ordell, is enough to make him retire from crime. Brown wants Ordell to end up in jail in a bid to own the money for her own benefit. Together with Max, they plan on how to trick Melanie into the shopping mall where she exchanges bags and gives Melanie the one that has $50,000, while Max takes the other with $500,000. At last, Ordell discovers that he has been betrayed and his efforts to kill Brown in Max’s apartment are fruitless as Nicolet shoots him. The money finally ends up in Brown’s hands as Max refuses to accompany her to Spain for he cannot trust her (Jackie Brown). How to separate elements of the move relate and contribute to the theme  1. Narrative: the movie’s narrative is chronological as the storyline is linear and there are no flashbacks in the entire movie. Crime drama films have linear storylines for events are continuous although flashbacks are used in cases where betrayal is a
John Rawl’s ideas about liberalism are influenced by the concept of social rules. These rules are formulated by different people or groups to come up with agreements. Rawl argues that these parties regard wealth and income creation as opportunities which encourage progressive social collaboration. The participants involved help one another meet their mutual interests and goals. Rawl’s arguments are correct because social rules apply differently to different societies depending on their ways of lives. Rawl argues that liberalism brings about social justice. He further stresses that people follow rules they form for their own benefit. Rules of justice guide people on how ownership and distribution of social goods happen within a society. These rules are not meant to protect natural rights or rights given to humanity by God. The rules only look at how resources that exist in the society are to be shared based on people’s agreements. The rules of justice as propounded by Rawl present a true picture of complex attitudes that influence people’s views. His argument is correct because most rules are formed by humans. Only humans can decide how fair or unfair the rules are depending on their experiences. Rawl’s ideas advance the ideals of democracy which help societies progress. Rawl’s philosophy on social and economic equalities is credible. The philosophy talks about formal equality before the law without discrimination. However, the theory does not adequately address the issue of historical discrimination that denies people equal access to social and economic opportunities. Rawl proposes good ideas but does not offer solutions that can eliminate economic and social inequalities. Rawl also fails to show the method that can effectively distribute economic and social resources equitably. Rawl’s philosophy is idealistic and cannot be a solution for all issues that relate to social and economic inequality. Most societies in the world do not have economic or social equality because of different reasons. There is a small section of people within a given society who influence how rules are made. Rawl assumes that rules of ownership and distribution of resources are made by people living within a particular society. This assumption is incorrect because the people that have power within a society have a big influence on how social and economic rules are enforced. Rawl further assumes that making people acquire skills and knowledge through education eliminates inequality. Some societies have high literacy rates in their adult populations yet they still experience social and economic inequalities. The increase in the number of skilled and educated people does not always eliminate economic and social inequalities. In conclusion, Rawl’s philosophy has weight. The contribution that members of a given society have in forming rules that decide how social and economic resources are distributed improves living standards for all. Rawl however does not fully address modern problems that arise out of unequal distribution of wealth and resources. Discrimination in the modern world has reduced substantially yet social and economic inequalities still p
Introduction Food habits are not independent entities. They reflect and are influenced by the entire ecological milieu in which they occur. Historically, people have been obliged to eat whatever foods were available, primarily to appease hunger. Only after this basic drive of hunger was satisfied were people in a position to be selective regarding food choices. Through experience, they learned which foods were conducive to health and well-being and which were dangerous and to be avoided. Because sufficient food is pivotal to the existence of society, human beings have devoted much time and effort to obtain an adequate food supply. Dinning experience has a great impact on the perception of service and restaurant brand image, customers’ loyalty, and repeat visitors. “Moments of truth” influence the decision to visit a bar or a restaurant again and customers’ satisfaction. Service quality determines the perception of the dinner and unique experience in a particular place. The report will discuss two opposite sides of service quality (positive and negative) and their relations to the moments of truth concept. Positive “Moments of Truth” Hendrie (2008) depicts “moments of truth” as a ladder from a negative experience to a positive experience. Positive steps are: “I will agree you are nice,” “I will promote you,” and “I will be your raving fan” (Hendrie). In this case, variation in the number of acts could be expected on the basis of the number of different attitudes towards dining. In addition, familiarity with the event and the place has an impact on the Moments of Truth: it affects attitude toward it and demands that personal involvement influences how much is recalled. Where no real differentiation exists, the business is operating as a commodity, and the guest will choose on price and availability. A low-cost competitive strategy will be required to support the lowest (or equal) price whilst still retaining average industry profitability. The differentiation matrixes should be used to map the business offerings and the relative position of competitors. Based on this analysis, alternative market strategies should be examined and a choice made. In this case, “Moments of Truth” are not accidental but supported by the uniqueness of the place and its brand image. In many cases, mainstream cuisine, regional cooking (including “regional phenomena”), and pop food are examined. Important influences on these types of cooking are identified and described (Howard, 2001). This is an exhaustive subject, about which much more could have been written. The author particularly regrets that space limitations prevented a more extensive treatment of ethnic foods, which add so much interest to the American culinary scene. Women’s defined location in the private sphere of the home, their prescribed roles and expected behavior patterns, a
Introduction An all inclusive and effective ethical theories and principles have been adopted to establish the extent and ethical implications a line of behavior or action may contribute. In every heath care facilities across the globe, it is in order to categorically state that every institution is faced with ethical and legal scenarios. Reflectively, this research treatise attempts to qualitatively establish and present utilitarianism theory to solve the ethical and legal implications of scenarios as describe in the book “Legal and Ethical Issues in Physical Therapy” by Lee Laura. Besides, the research paper presents an alternative approach to legal dilemma in the health provision industry which can be used by other practitioners in decision making. Mrs. Daniels vs. Susan and Maywood Ethical dilemmas arise in many ways. A case in point, it rises when the physical therapist encounters conflict between patient autonomy and medical paternalism. As the physical therapists assume increased responsibilities they become more autonomous. These require them to recognize and confront ethical dilemmas in physical therapy practice. To resolve these ethical dilemmas is quite a hard nut to crack. However, the application of ethical theories can help in the systematic and analytical examination of basic assumptions and principles. The frequently applied theories are egoism, utilitarianism, and formalism. These theories help to analyze the conflict and formulate solutions. They also present a model for ethical decision making. The principles that normally guide the decision making are: fidelity, autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and self-respect. Also in existence, is the American Physical Therapy Association mandated to identify and review ethical issues. These issues involve professional rules, and patient’s welfare and rights. Ethical theories normally judge actions based on the results or consequences. Considering consequentialism, good actions are those that cause a great ratio of good results to bad results. One of such is utilitarianism theory. It judges actions to be good if they produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In an event that lawsuit is filed in a court of law by a patient for medical malpractice as a result of personal injury, the legality and ethicality of the case may be used to judge on professionalism. In case two as described by Lee Laura, the plaintiff must prove four very crucial elements for her to recover in a negligence case which includes the argument that the therapist owed a legal duty to her, that the therapist breached that duty, that this breach caused an injury, and that the injury resulted in damage (Rowan 40). In proving the existence of a legal duty between plaintiff and health care provider, the patient-therapist relationship is essential. In the event that the jury proves the existence of legal duty, then jury has the task of establishing whether that duty was breached or not. In doing so, they establish whether the therapist met the standard of care i.e. did the therapist act in a reasonable manner compared to how a reasonable therapist would do under the same cir
Introduction to the Company Meliá Hotels International, S.A. (headquarters in Mallorca, Spain) was founded in 1956 by Gabriel Escarrer Juliá, who is still holding the post of the President. At the time, the company was called “Sol Meliá, S.A.”, but the name was changed in 2011 (Meliá Hotels International [MHI], 2012, pp. 90-91). The Senior Executive Team of the company consists of the Chief Executive Officer and six Executive Vice Presidents, one of them, Gabriel Cánaves, being concerned with Human Resources (MHI, 2012, p. 14). The main governing body of the company is the twelve-member Board of Directors (MHI, 2012, p. 15). Nowadays, the company owns seven brand names (Gran Meliá, ME, Paradisus, Meliá, Innside, Tryp by Wyndham, and Sol) which means operating “approximately 350 hotels in 35 countries on 4 continents” (Bloomberg Business, 2005 par. 1). The employee turnover rate of MHI was 3.75% in 2011, but amounted to 6.22% in 2012, which, according to the company, can be attributed to high turnover rates of European and Latin American countries at the time (MHI 2012, p. 55). All the aspects of MHI operations, including its leadership model, are claimed to be affected by the company’s culture and values that are going to be described in the following section. The Core Values of the Company The company has adopted the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In effect, CSR presupposes “companies going beyond legal obligations and their own interests to address and manage the impact their activities have on society and the environment” (Vallaster, Lindgreen & Maon, 2012, p. 35). Such a definition could be regarded as that of responsibility in general and appears to correlate with the ideas of business ethics. In fact, following CSR ideas seems to be counterproductive from the point of view of profit. At the same time, in the long run CSR appears to boost the corporate reputation and improve the brand’s image, increase the trust and satisfaction of all the groups of stakeholders which can be regarded as a most positive outcome (Vallaster et al., 2012, p. 61). Martínez, Pérez and del Bosque (2013) point out that the concept of CSR has become central in MHI’s identity (p. 58). The company interprets CSR as an idea according to which MHI should take into account the possible impacts it may have on the society, economics and environment of the countries it operates in (MHI, 2012, p. 32). For example, these ideas have been reflected in the MHI environmental sustainability programs that include particular concern with the minimization of carbon emissions and water and land contamination (MHI, 2012, p. 50). In 2012, 30 of the company’s hotels had environmental certification (MHI, 2012, p. 93). Similarly, the first MHI Code of Ethics was published in 2