ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In this essay, I will be presenting a developmental observation of my fourteen-year-old cousin Lilly. Lilly is in high school and we live in the same neighborhood. Consequently, I have had numerous interactions with Lilly, and I have also formed a friendship bond with her. Lilly considers me to be an integral part of her life because I am one of the few grownups that she labels as ‘cool’. Lilly is often conflicting with her parents especially her mother. Lilly’s father is an alcoholic who has been to rehab a few times. Lilly lives in the city, and she is in a romantic relationship with a boy from her school whom she seems to like very much. Furthermore, Lilly has a few girlfriends with whom she exhibits ‘unreasonable’ levels of loyalty. Lilly does not exhibit behavioral similarities with most high school kids mostly because of her high levels of intelligence. Moreover, even her high levels of intelligence have not prevented her from having a healthy social life. Lilly has grown in an unstable home that is headed by a severe alcoholic who has issued threats of violence towards his family on one occasion. In this regard, Lilly’s behavior should be aligned with Piaget’s argument of nurture versus nature. In Lilly’s case, her behavior mostly points towards nature where her brain has maturated in line with that of a fourteen-year-old. Nurture does not appear to have any significant impact on Lilly’s behaviors. For instance, she does not have any problems with alcohol, neither does she struggle in her relationships. Furthermore, Lilly has made peace with her father’s alcoholism, and she does not let it define her actions. On one occasion, Lilly told me how she does not expect her mother to understand her behavior because she is ‘old and protective’. This form of thinking coincides with Piaget’s formal operational stage of development. During the formal operational stage of development, children can “understand the world thro
The struggle against the consequences of climate change under the influence of human-induced activity is one of the urgent tasks, and decisions aimed at solving it are periodically made at the international level. The work of responsible agencies that control the degree of environmental pollution depends largely on the effectiveness of measures taken to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Concerning civil aviation, the importance of competent activities in reducing the potential negative impact of large flight vehicles on climate conditions is one of the topics covered in international discussions. In particular, special agreements signed by member countries are designed to regulate the number of harmful emissions into the atmosphere and monitor compliance with the rules for the safe operation of transport, which are set as standards. The thesis of this work is the statement that, despite the attempts of the world government to control the share of anthropogenic activity in the field of civil aviation, not all international agreements provide equal rights for member countries to use the available resources. As further topics for discussion, such international documents will be reviewed as the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, and the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). The relevance and outcomes of the Kyoto Protocol will be considered in the context of an unfair attitude towards the members of participating countries regarding the share of permissible emissions. The Paris Agreement will be evaluated as an alternative to the previous document concerning the course aimed at combating climate change. Emissions in the field of civil aviation will also be a subject of discussion, and the initiative to create a CORSIA as a set of rules will be considered from the perspective of the relevance of the measures taken. As a substantiation base, academic sources will be involved, and appropriate ideas will be analyzed with the proposed topics. Role and Value of the Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol signed in Japan was one of the first documents that narrowly focused on solving the problems of harmful emissions and controlling the production of individual large enterprises. Shishlov, Morel, and Bellassen (2016) note that 38 developed countries were attracted to participate in this program, which produced about 39% of global emissions in that period (p. 769). Norms were established which states were to follow to achieve an improvement in the climate condition and limit atmospheric pollution by the products of fuel decay. Quantitative commitments were imposed on countries, and quotas were determined under average emission levels. Appropriateness and Fairness of the Protocol Solutions Addressing climate change as a result of environmental pollutio
Discussion There have been varied arguments and debates about the causes that led to the abolition of slavery. A number of historians have attributed abolition of slavery to agitations by abolition movement, moral, political and economic reasons and others, completely or deliberately underestimating the spirited resistance from the slaves themselves (Marshal, 2001). Clearly, they might have underestimated slave resistance either deliberately due to bias or out of ignorance. The truth is that resistance against slavery by slaves themselves played a significant role that caused abolition of slavery throughout the world. In this paper I will discuss the need to understand slave resistance as a cause to abolition of slavery, slave resistance tactics in British colonial America, and Brazil. Historically, slave resistance has always been used to relate specific reactions of slaves such as outright rebellions. It also included the most secretive of private thoughts of slaves. To understand how important slave resistances as a cause to slavery abolition, I will look at how the slave traders, owners, and masters looked at the potential threats and possibilities of slave resistance. In reality, the perpetrators of slavery tended to view their slaves either with fear or deep rooted suspicion. This was particularly evident throughout the history of slaves in the Americas, and across the historical geography of slavery, from the time the slaves were seized from Africa through to the life they were subjected to in transit, on to the remotest of American frontier settlements (Kloopenberg, 1998). When I look at the social history of the lives of most of the people in slavery, in itself, is a study of resistance. Slaves were at all times in constant struggle against violent challenges at work, public or private. The institution of slavery as practiced in that era was violent and cruel particularly in Americas. This institution was conceived in violence, in the African interior where they were seized, far from the view of Europeans on the coast. In the enforced migration, it was continued in violence, by land and then especially by water and it heaped more violen
Hemodialysis, according to the free web dictionary is “the process of removal of certain elements from the blood by virtue of the difference in rates of their diffusion through a semipermeable membrane while being circulated outside the body; the process involves both diffusion and ultra filtration” (Free Web Dictionary, 2009). It is normally used for clients with acute or irreversible renal failure and fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Hemodialysis is usually the treatment of choice when toxic agents, such as barbiturate overdose, need to be removed from the body quickly (Black, & Matassarin, 1993). The procedure for hemodialysis involves diverting toxin laden blood from the client into a dialyzer and then returning the clean blood to the client. While the blood is within the dialyzer, the dialysis fluid is delivered by a mechanical proportioning pump to flow on the other side of the membrane from the blood to the dialysate. Strict asepsis must be maintained through out the procedure. The major routes of access are external arteriovenous shunts and subclavian fistulas and grafts for chronic dialysis. When the patient is to be connected to the hemodialyzer, a tube leading to the membrane compartment is connected to the arterial cannula. Blood then fills the membrane compartment and flows back to the venous cannula. When the dialysis is complete, the arterial cannula is clamped. Once the blood in the membrane compartment has been returned to the body, the venous cannula is clamped, and the ends of the two cannulas are reattached to form their U. The arteriovenous (AV) fistula is the access of choice for chronic dialysis clients. The fistula is created through a surgical procedure in which an artery in the arm is anastomosed to a vein in an end to side, side to side, side to end, or end to end fashion. These fistulas need 2 to 6 weeks to mature before they can be used there fore care must be taken (Carol, 2005). The thrill is a buzzing feeling within the vascular access. It is felt through palpation. The bruit is listened to by use of a stethoscope at the vascular access and it is a swishing sound which is continuous, soft, and low pitched. These are an indication that the vascular access is not clotted. Bruit and thrill must be felt before any vascular needle is put into the access. The common complications include cardiac arrhythmias from potassium imbalance, air embolism, hypotension and hypertension, blood leaks, muscle cramp as a result of hyponatremia or hypo-osmolality, and infection, dialysis equilibrium syndrome which is characterized by mental confusion, deterioration of the level of consciousness, headache, and seizures and my last for several days. Nausea and vomiting is also common and it can be managed through offering antiemetic as ordered, dry foods. Nursing interventions include close monitoring of the client’s vital signs to detect deviations from the normal such as hypotens
Bank technologies are used in various areas of bank activity. They include, for example, the means of storing multiple information types in credit and financial institutions. The technology of protecting and issuing a credit card, protecting private banking information from unauthorized access or loss of data are also related to these technologies. One of the examples of banks using the latest technologies is Commonwealth Bank. It is included in the “big four” of Australian banks, and as of 2016, it is the largest company on the Australian Securities Exchange. Commonwealth Bank is one of the most advanced banks in Australia, constantly applying modern technology in its work. An outstanding example of this is Bond-i: ‘blockchain operated new debt instrument’. It is the world’s first blockchain-based bond technology ( Our innovation lab 2020). The bank also works on developments in the field of AI and FinTech, in addition, it constantly addresses social needs within the framework of the Social Innovation Centre. This allows the bank to provide its customers with the most useful and timely services and products. The process of adding technologies into the banking sector makes it possible to increase the speed and quality of operations and simplify transactions for the population. That is why Commonwealth Bank pays so much attention to this issue. The usage of new technologies by the community gives more opportunities for receiving cash and implementing transfers and payments in non-cash form. Also, citizens will be able to get the protection of their property interests from counterfeiting. Thus, the activities in developing products and services are the interaction of various bank departments, the final result of which is the increased value of a bank for customers. Reference List Our innovation labs. 2020. Web. Rout, S. K. (2019) Mobile banking security: technological security , New Delhi: Educreation Publishing.
Introduction Judiciaries across the globe have and are still experiencing changes, which place great emphasis on human factors across all aspects of life. This development made issues pertaining to Occupational Health and Safety Law, and Human Resources Law the gist of numerous discussions, with the need to improve working conditions for employees eliciting more attention over the years 1 . Traditionally, laws never covered millions of workers and as such, any work-related cases arising were ordinarily handled. Today, health and safety in the workplace are among important workers’ motivational factors that significantly influence organisational effectiveness and productivity. 2 This has led to the development of legislations through which governments wield regulatory authority over organisations that choose to ignore employee health and safety. The legal concept describing “Duty of care assumes that persons and their organisations possess legal obligations to provide services to others and public considering vigilant and prudent manner to shun risks related to sensibly foreseeable harm to others”. 3 This analysis commences with a summary of case under scrutiny after which, it proceeds to outline employer-employee relationship with a focus on Australian Coach Tours (ACT) and National Roadways (NR). This sets the background for the analysis. To set precedence for the analysis, closely related cases that have transpired in the recent past will be highlighted. The analysis will then be approached by pointing out the areas where the employer and employee breached laws governing employer-employee relations. This shall give room for an outlay of claim and liability related issues on the case. The analysis will be wound up by pointing out the areas of weakness that need to be improved on by the employers, employees as well as in the legislations on occupational health and safety and human relations. Summary of the Facts Leading to the Case Craig Brown was an employee of a large national company offering Australia-wide bus tours known as Australian Coach Tours (ACT). Having as a tour guide for approximately 15 years, the terms of employment were contract-based renewable after every two years. While serving at ACT, Craig finds working conditions quite favourable as he enjoys undertaking and organising all-important tour duties including overseeing itinerary schedules, facilitating and commentating the tour easily, and thus he feels that his rapport with other employees is quite impressing. Despite working for long and irregular hours, all the work arrangements in the ACT company make Craig feel happy and contented with his work. In addition, Craig takes care of his own taxation arrangements coupled with keeping all receipts and invoices associated with travelling expenses that he incurs during the bus tour. However, sudden changes emerged in the company and his entire career underwent drastic changes following the emergence of new work arrangements. Turnarounds in Craig’s career resulted to dramatic changes in his job after ACT sold the bus-touring department of the company to National Roadways (NR). Despite his working terms stated in
A disclosure is additional information provided in a financial statement. Accounting regulations are country specific: they define a country’s accounting practice and penalties for lack of compliance. International financial reporting standards set the global benchmark for accounting. GAAP accounting principles guide USA firms. The financial accounting standard board develops GAAP as per mandate from security and exchange commission. Sarbanes-Oxley act further regulates United States of America corporate disclosures. The purpose of a disclosure is to give investors a clear view of operation of a firm hence protecting them from fraudulent accounting practices. They are two forms of disclosure. The first form of disclosures gives details on accounting policies and methods of a firm. The second form of disclosure provides asset and liability information of interest to shareholders (Kieso, D., et al., 2010). Inventory disclosure: first disclosure is accounting policy for inventory. Second, inventory write-down amount and reversals. Thirdly, a firm may opt to use inventory as a pledge to undertake a liability. In order to create a true picture of a firm’s inventory: this additional information is essential to disclose. Fourthly, international accounting standards 2 provides for disclosure of inventory expenses on sale of a firm products by indicating it at cost price (Beechy, T. & Conrod, D., 2002,P.34). Cash and cash equivalent disclosures include cashless investing and financing transactions excluded from the cash flow statement. Secondly, is disclosure of the components of cash and cash equivalents. Thirdly, is disclosure of cash and cash equivalents that cannot be accessed by the firm inclusive of the reasons detailed in management notes. It is also critical not to forget, accounting policy used for cash and cash equivalents among the disclosures. Trade accounts receivable disclosures start with the disclosure of accounting policy for trade accounts receivable. This policy disclosure will further include information on the establishment of allowance doubtful trade receivables rate. Thirdly, a disclosure of a previous financial period’s un-recoverable debts collection. GAAP dictat
Cloud computing is generally posed as a safe solution for consumers. Nevertheless, several threats pertinent to the technology still pose a serious concern. The following paper provides an example of a security breach in the cloud service by identifying and justifying the legitimate source of malicious data. While it is difficult to identify the legitimate source of data with a reasonable degree of certainty, it is possible to model its most probable origin. For instance, the fact that the malicious software was established to originate from a message sent by cloud service Y, it is apparent that the source of threat is definitely on the cloud. However, it is important to note that the virtual server that hosts the compromised cloud service does not communicate with any entities other than the targeted cloud service consumer. While a connection also exists between the two virtual servers, this route is indirect (since both servers communicate with the real hardware rather than between each other) and one-directional (since no operations aside from logging to a hardware server are identified in the cases). Therefore, it becomes necessary to explore the possible ways in which it could have appeared on the virtual server. First, it is necessary to acknowledge the possibility that the malicious code was deployed onto the virtual server Y as a result of an insider job. In this scenario, an employee who is authorized to operate the service has a hypothetical ability to access the server and deploy the malicious code (Modi, Patel, Borisaniya, Patel, & Rajarajan, 2013). Importantly, the described action does not have to be intentional. It is equally possible that the introduction of the data occurs as a result of the use of an operating system or a tool that is compromised without the user’s awareness. However, it is worth noting that the probability of such a scenario is relatively low. First, it requires significant negligence demonstrated by the cloud service provider who would authorize access from a device that may potentially contain insecure code. Second, the hypothetical attacker needs to aim at a specific consumer (otherwise, other virtual services would be treated in the same way, which is not the case in the situation at hand. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a more plausible explanation. The second possibility is the delivery of the code onto the virtual server Y from the hardware machine that hosts both virtual services. In order for such a situation to become a reality, it is necessary for the malware to be able to pose as a part of the software and thus bypass the security systems of the virtual service and consumer by masking its identity. While the probability of such a chain of events is low, it has been reported as one of the viable threats to cloud computing services in a report from East Carolina University (Chou, 2013). From this standpoint, it is possible to view cloud server X as a channel that introduced the malware into the system. Two possible ways of introduction can be considered. The first one is similar to that described in the
Introduction This report gives the history of the Swedish telecommunications company, Ericsson, entry into the mobile telephony market. It analyzes the attributes of strategic change that took place in the company during the 1980s and illustrates how the elements of strategic innovation may surface from the periphery of a company. This report illustrates how a small and insignificant unit in Ericsson transformed the company into its current state as the market leader in providing mobile telephone systems. The situation of Åke Lundqvist/SRA and/or Ericsson/the corporate CEO in 1980 SWOT analysis is the internal review of an organization’s strengths, weaknesses, external threats, and opportunities, which ultimately influence its strategic decisions. One of the strengths of the SRA (Svenska Radioaktiebolaget) was that it was an autonomous and self-reliant company within Ericsson. Although its president, Ake Lundqvist, was under strong opposition from Ericson’s top management when he attempted to make any changes to the organization, he never gave up. Lundqvist had joined SRA in the mid-1960s and by 1970; he was in charge of the company’s land mobile radio division. From then on, he had a positive assumption about business development and he was always on the lookout for opportunities for growth in the company. Ericsson’s weakness was that since the 1960s, it had consolidated its efforts mainly in the provision of communication and military radio equipment, without considering a venture into consumer products. However, SRA saw an opportunity in this. Its president saw that the growth of mobile telephony was possible. This was based on the vision he had to see the growth of radio technology to eliminate the wire from the regular telephony. On the other hand, in contrast to Lundqvist, the Erickson corporate CEO had different assumptions about business development. Most managers at Ericson never cared about the advancement that SRA was making and they thwarted any efforts to have mobile telephony systems integrated. Their low expectations made them criticize SRA’s strategy as ‘completely absent’ with no clear direction to follow. This was a major threat to the existence of SRA. In 1980, Ericson did not expect its mobile telephony business to thrive in the future. This threat made the company to consider the sector as insignificant in comparison to its other business ventures. Therefore, Erickson held the belief that its mobile telephony would continue to be of minor importance even in the future. The industry was perceived to be more exclusive and as a service reserved for the privileged in the society. However, SRA regarded the mobile telephony market as a potential market that was liable for future exploitation. That is why the SRA president, Ake