ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Performances of the symmetric universal and phase-covariant cloning transformations and entanglement cloners -- qubit case -- are investigated when the initial state of the hardware or the original state to be cloned is weakly coupled to a thermal environment. Different behaviors of each of these transformations are analyzed and contrasted with the ideal cases.
Expressions for the P,T-violating NN potentials are derived for $\pi$, $\rho$ and $\omega$ exchange. The nuclear matrix elements for $\rho$ and $\omega$ exchange are shown to be greatly suppressed, so that, under the assumption of comparable coupling constants, $\pi$ exchange would dominate by two orders of magnitude. The ratio of P,T-violating to P-violating matrix elements is found to remain approximately constant across the nuclear mass table, thus establishing the proportionality between time-reversal-violation and parity-violation matrix elements. The calculated values of this ratio suggest a need to obtain an accuracy of order $ 5 \times 10^{-4}$ for the ratio of the PT-violating to P-violating asymmetries in neutron transmission experiments in order to improve on the present limits on the isovector pion coupling constant.
Development generating diffraction-related valuable expressions and formulas capable of initiating new era for diffraction and for scientific domains that use it provided. The main expression, among these, gives diffracted intensity as explicit function of true and absolute distribution of interatomic vectors (DIV) and is suitable for constructing analytical techniques capable of converting experimental diffraction intensity data into real structural data, immediately and accurately interpretable as such, through Fourier transform tool (FTT) with no assumption and no approximation additional to those involved in kinematic theory. The first ever produced formula giving distribution of interatomic vectors, and hence distribution of interatomic distances (DID), of monatomic crystal provided together with description of possible way of obtaining it. Given examples of application relate to getting two DIDs and to using them to calculate X-ray diffracted intensity profiles, one DID was for zinc blende (ZnS) and was calculated from atom positions and the other one was for polonium and was calculated using both atom positions and appropriate formula. Software for calculating DIDs and X-ray profiles for monatomic crystals available freely. No longer needed to affect Debye scattering equation (DSE) through approximation and assumption makings before combining it with FTT to get to experimental structural data.
We study the effects that the gravitational interaction of $f(R)$ theories of gravity in Palatini formalism has on the stationary states of the Hydrogen atom. We show that the role of gravity in this system is very important for lagrangians $f(R)$ with terms that grow at low curvatures, which have been proposed to explain the accelerated expansion rate of the universe. We find that new gravitationally induced terms in the atomic Hamiltonian generate a strong backreaction that is incompatible with the very existence of bound states. In fact, in the 1/R model, Hydrogen disintegrates in less than two hours. The universe that we observe is, therefore, incompatible with that kind of gravitational interaction. Lagrangians with high curvature corrections do not lead to such instabilities.
We present sensitive, arcsecond-resolution Submillimeter Array observations of the 12CO J=2-1 line emission from the circumstellar disk orbiting the double-lined spectroscopic binary star V4046 Sgr. Based on a simple model of the disk structure, we use a novel Monte Carlo Markov Chain technique to extract the Keplerian velocity field of the disk from these data and estimate the total mass of the central binary. Assuming the distance inferred from kinematic parallax measurements in the literature (d is approximately 73 pc), we determine a total stellar mass M_star = 1.75^{+0.09}_{-0.06} solar masses and a disk inclination i_d = 33.5^{+0.7}_{-1.4} degrees from face-on. These measurements are in excellent agreement with independent dynamical constraints made from multi-epoch monitoring of the stellar radial velocities, confirming the absolute accuracy of this precise (~ few percent uncertainties) disk-based method for estimating stellar masses and reaffirming previous assertions that the disk and binary orbital planes are well aligned (with |i_d - i_star| \approx 0.1\pm1 degree). Using these results as a reference, we demonstrate that various pre-main sequence evolution models make consistent and accurate predictions for the masses of the individual components of the binary, and uniformly imply an advanced age of ~5-30 Myr. Taken together, these results verify that V4046 Sgr is one of the precious few nearby and relatively evolved pre-main sequence systems that still hosts a gas-rich accretion disk.
The evolution of a two-dimensional driven lattice-gas model is studied on an L_x X L_y lattice. Scaling arguments and extensive numerical simulations are used to show that starting from random initial configuration the model evolves via two stages: (a) an early stage in which alternating stripes of particles and vacancies are formed along the direction y of the driving field, and (b) a stripe coarsening stage, in which the number of stripes is reduced and their average width increases. The number of stripes formed at the end of the first stage is shown to be a function of L_x/L_y^\phi, with \phi ~ 0.2. Thus, depending on this parameter, the resulting state could be either single or multi striped. In the second, stripe coarsening stage, the coarsening time is found to be proportional to L_y, becoming infinitely long in the thermodynamic limit. This implies that the multi striped state is thermodynamically stable. The results put previous studies of the model in a more general framework.
Boij and S\"oderberg made a pair of conjectures, which were subsequently proven by Eisenbud and Schreyer and then extended by Boij and S\"oderberg, about the structure of Betti diagrams of Graded modules. In the theory, a particular family of posets, and their associated order complexes, play an integral role. We explore the structure of this family. In particular, we show the posets are bounded complete lattices and the order complexes are vertex-decomposable, hence Cohen-Macaulay and squarefree glicci.
The CCD magnitudes in Johnson $BV$ and Cousins $RI$ photometric passbands are determined for 18 stars in the field of GRB 990123. These measurements can be used in carrying out precise CCD photometry of the optical transient of GRB 990123 using differential photometric techniques during non--photometric sky conditions. A comparison with previous photometry indicates that the present photmetry is more precise.
Using properties of the Frobenius eigenvalues, we show that, in a precise sense, ``most'' isomorphism classes of (principally polarized) simple abelian varieties over a finite field are characterized up to isogeny by the sequence of their division fields, and a similar result for ``most'' isogeny classes. Some global cases are also treated.
In contrast to the widely studied problem of recognizing an action given a complete sequence, action anticipation aims to identify the action from only partially available videos. As such, it is therefore key to the success of computer vision applications requiring to react as early as possible, such as autonomous navigation. In this paper, we propose a new action anticipation method that achieves high prediction accuracy even in the presence of a very small percentage of a video sequence. To this end, we develop a multi-stage LSTM architecture that leverages context-aware and action-aware features, and introduce a novel loss function that encourages the model to predict the correct class as early as possible. Our experiments on standard benchmark datasets evidence the benefits of our approach; We outperform the state-of-the-art action anticipation methods for early prediction by a relative increase in accuracy of 22.0% on JHMDB-21, 14.0% on UT-Interaction and 49.9% on UCF-101.
The set of subspaces with a given dimension in an attenuated space has a structure of a symmetric association scheme, which is a generalization of both Grassmann schemes and bilinear forms schemes. In [K. Wang, J. Guo, F. Li, Association schemes based on attenuated space, European J. Combin. 31 (2010) 297--305], its intersection numbers were computed. In this paper, we determine its full automorphism group.
Person re-identification (ReID) has achieved significant improvement under the single-domain setting. However, directly exploiting a model to new domains is always faced with huge performance drop, and adapting the model to new domains without target-domain identity labels is still challenging. In this paper, we address cross-domain ReID and make contributions for both model generalization and adaptation. First, we propose Part Aligned Pooling (PAP) that brings significant improvement for cross-domain testing. Second, we design a Part Segmentation (PS) constraint over ReID feature to enhance alignment and improve model generalization. Finally, we show that applying our PS constraint to unlabeled target domain images serves as effective domain adaptation. We conduct extensive experiments between three large datasets, Market1501, CUHK03 and DukeMTMC-reID. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance under both source-domain and cross-domain settings. For completeness, we also demonstrate the complementarity of our model to existing domain adaptation methods. The code is available at https://github.com/huanghoujing/EANet.
We recall that the $k$-Naples parking functions of length $n$ (a generalization of parking functions) are defined by requiring that a car which finds its preferred spot occupied must first back up a spot at a time (up to $k$ spots) before proceeding forward down the street. Note that the parking functions are the specialization of $k$ to $0$. For a fixed $0\leq k\leq n-1$, we define a function $\varphi_k$ which maps a $k$-Naples parking function to the permutation denoting the order in which its cars park. By enumerating the sizes of the fibers of the map $\varphi_k$ we give a new formula for the number of $k$-Naples parking functions as a sum over the permutations of length $n$.   We remark that our formula for enumerating $k$-Naples parking functions is not recursive, in contrast to the previously known formula of Christensen et al [CHJ+20]. It can be expressed as the product of the lengths of particular subsequences of permutations, and its specialization to $k=0$ gives a new way to describe the number of parking functions of length $n$. We give a formula for the sizes of the fibers of the map $\varphi_0$, and we provide a recurrence relation for its corresponding logarithmic generating function. Furthermore, we relate the $q$-analog of our formula to a new statistic that we denote $\texttt{area}_k$ and call the $k$-Naples area statistic, the specialization of which to $k=0$ gives the $\texttt{area}$ statistic on parking functions.
Located in a dense complex environment, W51C provides an excellent scenario to probe accelerated protons in SNRs and their interaction with surrounding target material. Here we report the observation of extended Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from the W51C supernova remnant (SNR) with MAGIC. Detections of extended gamma-ray emission in the same region have already been reported by the Fermi and H.E.S.S. collaborations. Fermi/LAT measured the source spectrum in the energy range between 0.2 and 50 GeV, which was found to be well fit by a hadronic neutral-pion decay model. The VHE observations presented here, obtained with the improved MAGIC stereo system, allow us to pinpoint the VHE gamma-ray emission in the dense shocked molecular cloud surrounding the remnant shell. The MAGIC data also allow us to measure, for the first time, the VHE emission spectrum of W51C from the highest Fermi/LAT energies up to TeV. The spatial distribution and spectral properties of the VHE emission suggest a hadronic origin of the observed gamma rays. Therefore W51C is a prime candidate for a cosmic ray accelerator.
The observational coverage with HESS of the Carina region in VHE gamma-rays benefits from deep exposure (40 h) of the neighboring open cluster Westerlund 2. The observations have revealed a new extended region of VHE gamma-ray emission. The new VHE source HESS J1018-589 shows a bright, point-like emission region positionally coincident with SNR G284.3-1.8 and 1FGL J1018.6 - 5856 and a diffuse extension towards the direction of PSR J1016-5857. A soft Gamma=2.7+-0.5 photon index, with a differential flux at 1TeV of N0=(4.2+-1.1)10^-13 TeV^-1 cm^-2 s^-1 is found for the point-like source, whereas the total emission region including the diffuse emission region is well fit by a power-law function with spectral index Gamma=2.9+-0.4 and differential flux at 1TeV of N0=(6.8+-1.6) 10^-13 TeV^-1 cm^-2 s^-1. This H.E.S.S. detection motivated follow-up X-ray observations with the XMM-Newton satellite to investigate the origin of the VHE emission. The analysis of the XMM-Newton data resulted in the discovery of a bright, non-thermal point-like source (XMMU J101855.4-58564) with a photon index of Gamma=1.65+-0.08 in the center of SNRG284.3-1.8, and a thermal, extended emission region coincident with its bright northern filament. The characteristics of this thermal emission are used to estimate the plasma density in the region as n~0.5 cm^-3(2.9kpc/d)^2. The position of XMMUJ101855.4-58564 is compatible with the position reported by the Fermi-LAT collaboration for the binary system 1FGL J1018.6-5856 and the variable Swift XRT source identified with it. The new X-ray data are used alongside archival multi-wavelength data to investigate the relationship between the VHE gamma-ray emission from HESSJ1018-589 and the various potential counterparts in the Carina arm region.
We survey recent construction of non-K\"ahler Calabi-Yau manifolds by smoothing SNC varieties obtained by non-trivial isomorphisms of strict Calabi-Yau manifolds. We also give a new example by smoothing an SNC 3-fold which are constructed from automorphisms of an abelian surface.
Gravitational lensing of point sources located inside the lens caustic is known to produce four images in a configuration closely related to the source position. We study this relation in the particular case of a sample of quadruply-imaged quasars observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Strong correlations between the parameters defining the image configuration are revealed. The relation between the image configuration and the source position is studied. Some simple features of the selected data sample are exposed and commented upon. In particular, evidence is found for the selected sample to be biased in favour of large magnification systems. While having no direct impact on practical analyses of specific systems, the results have pedagogical value and deepen our understanding of the mechanism of gravitational lensing.
We calculate the neutrino yield from collisions of cosmic ray (CR) nuclei on gas using the event generator QGSJET-II. We present first the general characteristics and numerical results for the neutrino yield assuming power-law fluxes for the primary CR nuclei. Then we use three parameterisations for the Galactic CR flux to derive the neutrino yield for energies around and above the knee. The shape and the normalization of the resulting neutrino flux above $\sim 10^{14}$ eV depends on the composition of the Galactic CR flux employed, but is generally dominated by its proton component. The spectral shape and magnitude of the neutrino flux suggest that the IceCube excess is not connected to interactions of Galactic sea CRs. If a fraction of these events has a Galactic origin, then they may be caused by CR overdensities around recent close-by Galactic sources.
We study the effect of depolarization field related with inhomogeneous polarization distribution, strain and surface energy parameters on a domain wall profile near the surface of a ferroelectric film within the framework of Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire phenomenology. Both inhomogeneous elastic stress and positive surface energy lead to the wall broadening at electrically screened surface. For ferroelectrics with weak piezoelectric coupling, the extrapolation length that defines surface energy parameter, affects the wall broadening more strongly than inhomogeneous elastic stress. Unexpectedly, the domain wall profile follows a long-range power law when approaching the surface, while it saturates exponentially in the bulk. In materials with high piezoelectric coupling and negligibly small surface energy (i.e. high extrapolation length) inhomogeneous elastic stress effect dominates.
The main goal of this project is to search for p-mode oscillations in a selected sample of DA white dwarfs near the blue edge of the DAV (g-mode) instability strip, where the p-modes should be excited following theoretical models. A set of high quality time-series data on nine targets has been obtained in 3 photometric bands (Sloan u', g', r') using ULTRACAM at the VLT with a typical time resolution of a few tens of ms. Such high resolution is required because theory predicts very short periods, of the order of a second, for the p-modes in white dwarfs. The data have been analyzed using Fourier transform and correlation analysis methods. Results: P-modes have not been detected in any of our targets. The upper limits obtained for the pulsation amplitude, typically less than 0.1%, are the smallest limits reported in the literature. The Nyquist frequencies are large enough to fully cover the frequency range of interest for the p-modes. For the brightest target of our sample, G 185-32, a p-mode oscillation with a relative amplitude of 5x10**(-4) would have been easily detected, as shown by a simple simulation. For G 185-32 we note an excess of power below ~2 Hz in all the three nights of observation, which might be due in principle to tens of low-amplitude close modes. However, neither correlation analysis nor Fourier transform of the amplitude spectrum show significant results. We also checked the possibility that the p-modes have a very short lifetime, shorter than the observing runs, by dividing each run in several subsets and analyzing these subsets independently. The amplitude spectra show only a few peaks with S/N ratio higher than 4 sigma but the same peaks are not detected in different subsets, as we would expect, and we do not see any indication of frequency spacing. As a secondary result of this project, ... (see the paper)
We propose a method to calculate the charge dynamical structure factors for the ground states of correlated electron systems based on the variational Monte Carlo method. Our benchmarks for the one- and two-dimensional Hubbard models show that inclusion of composite-fermion excitations in the basis set greatly improves the accuracy, in reference to the exact charge dynamical structure factors for clusters. Together with examination for larger systems beyond tractable sizes by the exact diagonalization, our results indicate that the variational Monte Carlo method is a promising way for studies on the nature of charge dynamics in correlated materials such as the copper oxide superconductors, if the composite-fermion excitations are properly included in the restricted Hilbert space of intermediate states in the linear response theory. Our results are consistent with the particle-hole excitations inferred from the single-particle spectral function $A(\mathbf{k}, \omega)$ in the literature. We also discuss the importance of incorporating nonlocal composite fermion for more accurate description. Future issues for further improvements are also discussed.
We extend a tight-binding total energy method to include f-electrons, and apply it to the study of the structural and elastic properties of a range of elements from Be to U. We find that the tight-binding parameters are as accurate and transferable for f-electron systems as they are for d-electron systems. In both cases we have found it essential to take great care in constraining the fitting procedure by using a block-diagonalization procedure, which we describe in detail.
We study the mod $p$ reduction of crystalline local Galois representations of dimension 2 under certain conditions on its weight and slope. Berger showed that for a fixed non-zero trace of the Frobenius, the reduction process is locally constant for varying weights. By explicit computation we obtain an upper bound that is a linear function of the slope, for the radius of this local constancy around some special points in the weight space.
We introduce operators $\mathsf{hare}$ and $\mathsf{tortoise}$, which act on words as natural generalizations of West's stack-sorting map. We show that the heuristically slower algorithm $\mathsf{tortoise}$ can sort words arbitrarily faster than its counterpart $\mathsf{hare}$. We then generalize the combinatorial objects known as valid hook configurations in order to find a method for computing the number of preimages of any word under these two operators. We relate the question of determining which words are sortable by $\mathsf{hare}$ and $\mathsf{tortoise}$ to more classical problems in pattern avoidance, and we derive a recurrence for the number of words with a fixed number of copies of each letter (permutations of a multiset) that are sortable by each map. In particular, we use generating trees to prove that the $\ell$-uniform words on the alphabet $[n]$ that avoid the patterns $231$ and $221$ are counted by the $(\ell+1)$-Catalan number $\frac{1}{\ell n+1}{(\ell+1)n\choose n}$. We conclude with several open problems and conjectures.
We report low frequency tunnel current noise characteristics of an organic monolayer tunnel junction. The measured devices, n-Si/alkyl chain (C18H37)/Al junctions, exhibit a clear 1/ f^y power spectrum noise with 1< y <1.2. We observe a slight bias dependent background of the normalized current noise power spectrum (SI/I^2). However, a local increase is also observed over a certain bias range, mainly if V > 0.4 V, with an amplitude varying from device to device. We attribute this effect to an energy-dependent trap-induced tunnel current. We find that the background noise, SI, scales with (\partial I/\partial V)^2 . A model is proposed showing qualitative agreements with our experimental data.
We discuss the propagation of heavy quarks (charm and bottom) through the QGP by means of a relativistic Boltzmann transport approach including both collisional and radiative energy loss mechanisms. In particular we investigate the impact of induced gluon radiation by dynamical QCD medium implementing in our transport model a formula for the emitted gluon spectrum calculated in a higher-twist scheme. We notice that in the region of high transverse momentum ($p_T > 10$ GeV) radiative processes play an essential role giving a dominant contribution to the generation of $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ at momentum values for which the energy loss by collisions is in the perturbative regime.