ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Using skill and imaginations to communicate thoughts and observations, create emotions, and engage audiences can be referred to as art. Design simply means composition. These two terms are integrated to establish the concept of transforming what is in mind to a compositional structure that can be seen by others. Features that form a finished artwork may be expressed through drawings or actual creations like buildings and sculptures (Nelson and Shiff, p. 56). This paper describes Chehelsouton pavilion as a form of art and design it analyzes the creativity used during its construction, the originality of the materials used, the art applied in designing it as well as the intended use of it as a palace. It seeks to establish the relationship between history and art, how these two variables are dependent on each other and their implications on modern art. This brings us to the result of art and design, which is the aestheticism, and the appeal it gives to the audience. The audience refers to the people who used the pavilion as well as the tourists who visit to admire and appreciate it as a form of art. Chehelsouton as a form of art and design Chehelsouton is an ancient pavilion built in 1647 by Shah Abbas II. This pavilion was used by the King and his successors to receive dignitaries and ambassadors. It was built inside vast Royal Park round an earlier building erected by Shah Abbas I. It was designed with twenty columns at the far end of a long pool, which when reflected in the waters of the fountain appear to be forty. This gave it the name “Chehelsouton” meaning forty columns. It contains frescoes and paintings on ceramic depicting historical scenes like reception of Kings and victories achieved by kings, such as the conquering of the Indian army in Kamal during 1739. These paintings also express traditions like events of celebrating the joy and love. The pavilion has a brilliantly painted interior with a host of human figures. This includes various battlefield scenes, as well as audiences conducted by the Shah. This is conducted in conjunction with rulers who bordered the empire from the eastern side. Chehelsouton grew by accretion of new additions such as chambers and halls into the existing structures over the years to come up with the current pavilion. The palace has become a museum of paintings and ceramics, and this has attracted millions of tourists both foreign and domestic. This tourist attraction has maintained the idea of its conception, which included the reception of visitors, entertainment and hospitality to the palace’s guests (Ruggles, p. 102). From the above description of the pavilion, the following is an illustration of how history is expressed through art and design. The relationship between material and design in Isfahan exhibited some differences when compared to that in the Western tradition. It should be noted that painters from the west were known to impose a design on an artificial surface that was limited. This was due to the predetermined space provided to be used in imposing a figure on the material. However, Is
Security and safety at workplace An HR manager is supposed to work for the wellbeing of the employees. As the HR manager is responsible for safety and security of employees he needs to have concern of the employees. For ensuring safety in the workplace a policy must be designed and necessary actions should be taken accordingly. In the instant case, the office is located in the middle of a 20 storey building, and nearly 400 persons are working in the office. Safety of employees in workplace is very important. Safety measures ensure safety of the life of not only the workers but also of their family dependents. A first aid kit should be maintained to combat emergency situations. In construction sites barricading all elevations must be done as a safety measure to protect the workers. A plan for workplace safety A well organized safety measure can save employees from accidents and injuries. The following steps can be implemented to ensure safety at workplace. Make aware of the need for the security measures The first thing to be done is to make the employees aware of the security issues and the security measures available. The employees must be given full instructions regarding use of the fire security system inside the building, so that they can act wisely during emergency situations. Every employee should be educated about the steps to be adopted in emergencies. As the office is located in the 10 th to 12 th floors, special steps should be taken and the employees should be made ready for dealing with incidents like fire, failure of elevator, failure of power etc. When fire occurs it is necessary for the employees to take certain basic steps to reduce the magnitude of casualty. Fire fighting devices like extinguishers should be kept within the reach of everyone.(Importance of safety in workplace, 2008). Proper implementation of the identity card system All the employees must be provided with an identity card. All the employees should be properly identified by proper identity cards and they have to flash it whenever they enter and exit the workplace. This can reduce the problems associated with the security measures to some extent. Screening of the employees in the building entrance as well as in the office entrance: The employees are to be screened at the entrance of the building by using electronic devices. This can check carrying of dangerous articles to the building. One more screening should be done at the entry of the office. Obstacle in screening: Most of the employees may protest this kind of screening or scanning as it causes inconvenience to them. Also it may affect free entry inside the building. This obstacle can be overcome by making the employees aware of the need for such screening and consequences of security breaks. Monitoring and evaluation of the saf
Summary In their paper Julian et al (2011) notes that creation of composite structures of 30S is a necessary step in monitoring of gene forms. In the article “The Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structure of a complete 30S Translation Initiation Complex from Escherichia coli” Julian and others utilized Escherichia coli to illustrate the choice, precise start up codon, and structure of an absolute 30S Translation-Initiation process (Julian et al. 2011). Since initiation is the phase whereby ribosome chooses mRNAs as per their translation-initiation sections (TIS) and finds an accurate visualizing structure, this stage need a lot of care otherwise the resulting structure would not be complete. The authors aimed at developing a novel Cryo-electron microscopy reformation of the entire 30S, comprising of mRNA and t-RNA structures. They also aimed at showing that both the N-terminal region and C-terminal region of Escherichia coli are attached to the structure supported by the 30S micro unit. Fastening of initiation elements together with mRNA triggers a shift of the main end in relation to the original structure of the 30S micro unit, which is probable to overcome via 50S micro unit supporting the hydrolysis/dissociation processes. The shape offers information regarding the action of mRNA choice during initiation phase. Synthesis of 30S translation structure heralds linkage to the 50S micro unit which then translates into the active ribosome (Allen et al. 2005). Through a Cryo-EM concept to envision the various models without staining and/or fixation, the authors established the shape portrayed by an absolute 30S translation unit and evidently established the locations and arrangements of the t-RNA and the other three initiation elements. The authors found that the absence of the translation elements and presence of the t-RNA trigger a shift of the end in relation to the entire structure supported by the 30S micro unit which are necessary for quick linking of the 50S micro unit and for purposes of monitoring choice of the m-RNA. Also t-RNA did not feature in the 30S formation and thus the findings gave information regarding an impending function of deterring unification of the two ribosome based micro units. Such findings help to understand how the interaction between factors at the initial phases of transformation chooses the m-RNA and controls development of basic ribosome (Julian et al., 2011). Critical Analysis Recently, models regarding 30S IC structures without the IF3 (Brandi et al., 2007; Carter et al., 2001) and regarding the 70S IC having weight associated to IF3 (Dallas and Noller, 2001; Frank and Agrawal, 2000) have been identified. But the shape formed by the absolute 30S IC structure has been indescribable, perhaps because of intrinsic modelling forces directed to the 30S micro units. Evaluation of the 50S model in terms of GTP-linked conditions of IF2 indicated that during pre-hydrolysis phase the 30S micro unit is
Introduction Music is one of the most influential tools in the society that is used to achieve numerous things. In the 18 th Century, music played a very crucial role in aiding the spread of religion, growth of cultures across the world, and entertaining people (Howard, 2014). Studies have established that when people were being introduced to religion in the 18 th Century, singing was a crucial element of church services (Howard, 2014). The culture of singing in church services became quite popular in Rome. After a few years, the culture quickly became a norm for Catholics across the world to incorporate singing in their church services. In the churches, women were prohibited from singing after a wrong interpretation of a statement made by an apostle called Paul (Adele, 2006). The original statement by the apostle directed women to always maintain silence during church services, but never banned them from singing. This misinterpretation meant that the duty of singing in church was fully delegated to men. However, since the men had in the earlier years demonstrated their lack of prowess in music, there was an urgent need to have people with vocals in church choirs. This led to the emergence of a special group in the society called castrato or castrati. Castrati refer to male singers who were castrated before puberty in order to retain a soprano or alto voice (Adele, 2006). They primarily used to sing opera, a drama set of music that involved singing with orchestral accompaniments, overtures, and interludes (Gallo, 2013). However, despite their exemplary musical performances, castrati did not have a lively social life because they were highly discriminated against by most people. Studies have established that the practice of castrating men existed in Italy long before men assumed the responsibility of singing in churches (Gallo, 2013). Experts argue that even in the contemporary world, the role of castrati in the music industry is still relevant, as men with a soprano voice still sing in choirs. History of castrato The practice of castrating men for musical purposes before puberty started in Italy towards the end of the 17 th Century (Adele, 2006). The practice mainly targeted boys from poor families that had several children. The boys castrated had to be at least seven years old. Reports indicate that a number of boys died as they underwent the castration process due to numerous complications that resulted from th
Title VII has led the companies to change their recruiting, hiring, and firing policies with the purpose to eliminate workplace discrimination. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on sex, race, religion, color, and national origin (Federal Laws Prohibiting Job Discrimination 2002). Any person who thinks that his employment rights are violated because of discrimination has the right to file a case against the potential or current employer. Recalling the recent sexual harassment lawsuit filed by a partner at Hinshaw & Culbertson, Sidney Austin (32) alleged that the company violated discrimination laws applying to employer-employee relationships (Jones 2006). Susan Hickman brought a lawsuit against the same company asserting that she was demoted from equity partner to a contract partner and was terminated because of her complaint about disparate treatment of women at a firm and a sexually hostile environment (Jones 2006). Prior to Title VII, discriminative actions of employers were not punished and employees were not protected by law against discrimination. The above two examples are vivid examples of discriminative hiring and firing policies that are still very common in many companies. Title VII creates pressure on companies to recognize the presence of discriminative activity and to take corrective action about alleged discrimination. Today, any company which used
The market segmentation is an important strategy in order to identify the areas in the market that can be targeted with the focus on different customers’ needs and interests. In this context, the market segmentation analysis conducted for Marriott Hotels & Resorts is important to state how the managers of the multinational company can address their customers’ needs in different world regions and under various circumstances, depending on the market and hotel industry development in the concrete state (Kotler & Keller 2006, 137). The market segmentation analysis for Marriott should include the focus on geographic segmentation, demographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation, and behavioural segmentation as well as on the segmentation according to the Marriott brands’ status. Segmentation According to Status Marriott Hotels & Resorts can be discussed in relation to four segments such as luxury hotels, upper upscale hotels, upscale hotels, and upper middle-scale hotels (Garrido 2012). According to this classification, 143 hotels belonging to brands Ritz-Carlton, JW Marriott, and Bulgari Hotels & Resorts are luxury hotels. 776 hotels belonging to such brands as Marriott, Renaissance, Autograph Collection, and Marriott Vacation Club are upper upscale hotels. More than 1,900 hotels belonging to Courtyard, Residence Inn, and AC Hotels are upscale hotels. Finally, 894 hotels of Fairfield Inn and TownePlace Suites can be discussed as upper middle-scale hotels (Garrido 2012). Managers of the company also propose the alternative market segmentation, determining the following categories: luxury (Ritz-Carlton, JW Marriott, Bulgari Hotels & Resorts); lifestyle collection (Edition, Autograph Collection, Renaissance, AC Hotels); signature (Marriott); select service (Courtyard, Fairfield Inn); extended stay (Residence Inn, TownePlace Suites); and destination entertainment (Gaylord Hotels) ( Marriot hotel brands 2015). Geographic Segmentation Marriot addresses the necessity of the geographic segmentation while opening hotels representing different brands in various world regions and cities because Marriot hotels operate in 72 countries. Thus, luxury hotels like Ritz-Carlton and JW Marriott are usually located in cities that are characterised by high tourist rates and high levels of the household income. Upper upscale hotels and upscale hotels serve the customer needs in most countries where Marriott is present, including Canada, China, Egypt, Germany, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. AC Hotels are mostly represented in Spain (Garrido 2012; Marriot hotel brands 2015). Upper midscale hotels are opened
Introduction AIDS is an international epidemic that has interfered with the political, social and economic status of most states in the world. It is an epidemic that was discovered in the 1980s, and since then it has taken many lives, not to mention, both adults and children, scientists have been involved in vigorous research, although they have not been successful in discovering its cure. However, they have managed to come up with some drugs that suppress the effects of the disease in the human body, although they do not cure. AIDS knows no boundaries and affects all groups of people. Many children have been orphaned at a very early age while some partners have lost their spouses to this deadly disease. These people go through a lot of economic hardships trying to adjust to their predicament while their social status continues to deteriorate. Governments have spent large sums of money in providing medication for the diseased and there is still much to be done. This paper give a brief overview of the history of AIDS, looks at the prevalence of AIDS in some of the highly affected countries, and gives the political, economic, and social impacts of AIDS in the world. Some of these impacts include loss of loved ones, increased demand for health services, increased cost of medication, reduction in labor supply, among others. History of AIDS People are believed to have suffered from AIDS as early as the 1970s although the disease had not been discovered by then. AIDS was discovered in 1980 and it is believed to have originated from Africa. At first, it was common among gay men and some people referred to it as gay-related immune deficiency (GRID) while others referred to it as gay cancer [1] . It was not clear what caused the disease back then and scientist engaged in all sorts of researches to investigate on the causes of the epidemic. It was in June 1982 when a study was carried on a group of gay men from California who were suffering from the disease. The report suggested that the disease was sexually transmitted and was caused by an infectious agent [2] . By July the same year, more than 450 cases had been reported from over 23 states and the disease started growing at an alarming rate and it begun affecting non-homosexuals [3] . It was in September 1982 that the acronym AIDS standing for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome was discovered and was used in journals and newspapers and since then, the epidemic of AIDS has been affecting virtually everyone and it is common in every state. HIV/AIDS in the world Africa is believed to be hit the most by the epidemic of AIDS. As at 2007, one in every ten adults (15-49 years) was infected by the virus in nine countries while one in every five adults is living with the virus in three countries from the south [4] . South Africa has the biggest percentage of people living with Aids (18.1%) than other African countries [5] . However, the rates of infections are enormousl
Introduction Children are human only that they are young beings. In this respect, children too have a moral status; some acts should not be done to them. Again, children are distinct from grown human beings it is reasonable to argue that children should not be subjected to some activities. For instance, as in many jurisdictions, children are not permitted to take alcohol, vote, engage in sex, marry or work for pay. Children Rights Generally, children are accorded legal rights in most countries. Most of the nations – except the United States – are bound by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The convention which was assumed in 1980, gives children several rights such as the right to serve their “best interests” as the “primary consideration”, “inherent right to life”, and for those can form their own opinions “to express these views freely in all matters affecting” them.” (United Nations, 1989). The “positive rights” that are protected by the law are distinct from the “moral rights” defined by the moral philosophy. Therefore, the fact that children are protected by the law under these positive rights does not satisfy the need for moral rights. Certainly, the concept of rights to children has elicited controversy. Simultaneously, there are arguments as to what rights children are entitled to if any. The critical aspect that allows children to be of philosophical significance is a mixture of their youth and humanity as well as the elements that are connected to their youth. This paper is going to examine the critical question; do children have rights. Further, the discussion will explore the nature, value, and scope of rights as well as the children’s moral position. According to the United Nations (1989), a child is any person who is under eighteen years of age. Some philosophers assume it is apparent that children have rights but the question arises to what extent they should be entitled to these rights. On the others side, skeptics believe children should not be holders of rights. Sumner (1987) and Steiner (1998) argue that if too many rights are given away, then they may not retain their significance and value which is vital. Sumner (1987) and Steiner (1998) symbolizes this argument to monetary value where he argues increase of rights lessen the value of the rights currency. The Sumner (1987) and Steiner (1998) argument is a challenge to advocate of children’s rights. Nevertheless, there are more specific rationales suspecting the moral of children’s rights. In this regard, the issue of rights language comes into focus. So what is entails being a right holder. Some philosophers, for example, assert that rights are absolute in which case an individual possession of rights adequately outweighs any other moral perspective (Nozick, 1974). On the other hand, some hold to the belief that rights possession is not that significant as to discount other moral considerations. The claim that children have
Case and Topic Introduction A nurse in Brisbane, QLD, Australia, faced an ethical dilemma (Jie, 2015). She had to choose whether to hide the information, which she had received from a cancer patient and which was relevant to the treatment, from other nurses and doctors or to reveal it despite the patient’s expressed will to keep a secret. Mr. Green was diagnosed with prostate cancer when he was 50 years old. He decided to refuse any conventional medical or surgical treatment. After seven years, Mr. Green’s state worsened dramatically. According to Jie (2015), cancer “metastasized to his bones, it had spread locally to his lymph nodes and the primary tumor was invading the bladder and partially obstructing the left kidney” (p. 408). For a few times, Mr. Green came to a hospital for different reasons, where the medical staff examined him to check the development of his disease. One of the tests showed that Mr. Green had 6—12 months left to live. After another test, two months later, doctors predicted that Mr. Green had only 4—6 weeks left to live. He was now diagnosed with the end stage aggressive cancer. Such diagnosis meant that it was no longer possible to treat the tumor medically or surgically. The only service that doctors could provide to Mr. Green at this point was palliative care. After being revealed the prognosis, in a conversation with one of the nurses, Mr. Green confessed that he was planning to commit suicide. He stressed that it was a secret and asked the nurse to keep it to herself. The ethical dilemma in this case is whether the nurse should have revealed Mr. Green’s suicidal plans or kept it a secret as the patient had asked her to do. Problem Statement and “Road Map” The case of Mr. Green poses an ethical dilemma to the nurse who he confided in. An ethical dilemma is defined as a situation that requires making a decision while possible options are mutually exclusive and each can be considered ethical on the one hand and unethical on the other hand (McLennon, Uhrich, Lasiter, Chamness, & Helft, 2013). Ethical decision-making constantly poses dilemmas. There are no universal rules for solving ethical dilemmas. Each case should be thoroughly considered to come up with an optimal or least harmful solution. In the presented case, on the one hand, the nurse had to respect the patient’s autonomy by keeping the secret he had shared. On the other hand, she possessed the information that could help the treatment process and thought that it was her duty to share it with other nurses and doctors. In this paper, I will argue that the most ethical decision for the nurse was to share Mr. Green’s secret with the medical team, despite violating his autonomy, because of the principles of non-maleficence, beneficence, and truth telling even against the patient’s wishes. Argument Solving an ethical dilemma is always associa