ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The importance of human resource management in the modern business world could hardly be doubted. For this reason, this paper delves into the different various motivation theories with the primary aim of investigating their efficiency and the outcomes that could be stipulated reached by the application of one of these approaches. The paper uses an article that presents John Lark’s case as the background for the discussion and evaluation of the particular motivation theories, the impacts they have on workers, and how they might be used in different settings. Moreover, the suggested document applies Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and McClelland’s three-needs theory to the given case with the central aim of explaining why all the measures introduced by John Lark turned out to be efficient. The in-depth discussion of these theories and their comparison is also suggested. At the same time, the paper reveals mentions two specific cases when in which the selected methods might fail to work and explains the basic causes of these undesired outcomes. The article ends with a discussion of the basic aspects of current approaches to human resource management and tools that are used to motivate employees to demonstrate their best performance. In the end, the conclusion is given. Introduction Today, we could we can observe a tendency towards the sophistication of society’s societal and as well as individuals value systems. These processes are inevitable considering the complexity of the majority of many issues that are topical for a common person might experience nowadays. To become successful, an individual has to combine his/her personal and professional development with financial stability and success. For this reason, employees working in different organizations demonstrate the increased level of demands in the working environment, the atmosphere within a collective, perspectives potential for further growth, etc. Regarding the apparent raise increase in the level of rivalry in the business world, directors, top managers, or companies’ owners have to must satisfy these demands to guarantee them a high level of performance and the preservation of a significant competitive advantage necessary to remain successful. However, in the majority of cases, the introduction of high salaries and comfortable working conditions is not enough to achieve the needed goal and ensure that all workers will do their best. Under these conditions, numerous motivation theories acquire the become top priority. Nowadays, they are currently being used as a potent tool to consider all significant employees’ needs and provide them with the stimuli and motivation that will trigger their personal and professional growth. Su
Problem Statement Most cities in the US especially those in the North of the country continue to face complex environmental and development challenges. The rise in population of most of most countries in the world is harming both biological and natural resources. The state of the world’s natural resource base is rapidly changing to become unproductive from what it used to be. The top productive soil is being carried by water and wind power and in the process is becoming weak and unproductive due to poor land management practices such as cutting down trees and overstocking. The only solution left in the protection of the natural environment include; instituting, preserving and developing areas of conservation that will aim at preserving the natural diversity. This will only be possible if policies and legislation governing environmental and natural resources are put in place. The only earth’s natural resources remain in the areas that are reserved though they continue to shrink and lose their natural ecological perspective. Susan page reported in the ‘US Today’ that in Washington – Pollution and other environmental problems have been shown as the major cause of the threat the world is facing, America especially the United States is to blame for these problems and should be responsible to respond to them (1). Forest cover in parts of US has reduced drastically due to the timber industry and development. Rising seas, longer and more intense heat, increasing storms and cyclones and forest fires are reported almost everyday in the US. North America is acutely sensitive to water issues. Several states have lost as much as 25% of water resources from their lakes. The Intergovernmental Panel on climate change (IPCC), reports that water resources in the North are used heavily by industries, in agriculture, for domestic use and for hydro electric power (UNEP 1). The state of ground water is poor and rainfall patterns are changing and becoming more erratic due to climate change. Locally, various water bodies like the Lakes and rivers have dried up due to interference with water catchment areas. There has been reports of drop by up to 35% in the Edwards Aquifer in Texas while the water flow in Colorado and Columbia rivers is dwindling (UNEP 1). In this UNEP report, Mr. Achim Steiner who is the UNEP director laments that though the US and Canada have strong economic power, the impacts of this problem continue to face them just like the rest of the world.
The graphic designing field has a great attraction in itself by which it is gaining so much popularity worldwide. Graphic design is an emerging field nowadays. The demand for graphic designers has been increased a lot in the past few years. Picture, images have something in it which appeals customer’s attraction towards the product. A graphic designer is a person who plays with colors, themes, pictures, images, screens, etc in order to produce bewitching advertisements. A graphic designer is a visual communicator who communicates in images, colors. He doesn’t play with words in order to convey his message; he uses pictures, designs, and colors. A graphic designer’s primary responsibility is to communicate in a stylish way (Glasser, 2005: 34). The degree of effective communication decides the path of success for him. A graphic designer can climb the ladder of success via his tools. Good graphic design doesn’t attract focus to itself but it conveys the information, message. As a communicator, it is the primary responsibility of a graphic designer to catch the information, in order to get a hold of the receiver’s mental approach and to develop a visual language for the reduction of the gap between them. A good graphic designer must know how to deal with an unexpected situation and must have the ability to change the visual at a moment’s notice. The graphic designer must wear hats to deal comfortably with different situations. First of all, the qualities of a graphic designer must include the following: He/she must be smart enough to catch the idea, he/she must have a sense of using colors and combinations, he /she must know what the currents approaches are going on in order to appeal’s customer’s attention. If a poster for a conference on genetics is required to be designed so a designer must keep the audience in mind. He must know in what mood and situation the audience will look into it. He doesn’t need to be genetics for designing this poster but he/she must know enough about speakers, and the audience. The graphic designer’s responsibility is to present an idea, message in a different and appealing way. Little suspense also helps in getting the attention of the audience. For a successful presentation on genetics poster then he/she must have enough knowledge about the topic, speakers, and audience plus he must have command on using graphic tools, colors, images and words. All above responsibilit
Stakeholders in the situation Stakeholders in the situation at the Westfield Company are the management of the company, shareholders, and plant personnel. The management will have to take responsibility for the actions of Scott Bestor in the best interest of the shareholders. The plant personnel risks losing their jobs or suffering salary cuts should the projects Scott become uneconomical to sustain. The shareholders risk losing profits should the action of Scott result in losses in the long term. Ethical Issues The first ethical issue is integrity. It is expected that Scott should observe personal integrity when executing her duties as an accountant at Westfield. Upon noting the error in projections, she should immediately inform the management for the adjustments to be made on time before it is too late (University of San Diego par. 8). The second ethical issue is balancing the expectations of the management and the consequences of reporting the error in projections. On one hand, Scott is not sure of how the management will respond to her report, despite the performance of the sales after the expansion (Bustin 23). Scott is aware that reporting the error to the management might result in disciplinary action taken to include suspension of possible promotion. Therefore, Scott might be in a better position not to report the error to ensure that her promotion is protected. Scott is also aware of the fact that reporting the error to the management might lead to the adoption of strategies for restricting the plants such as reduction of the number of personnel or lowering their salary as a precautionary measure (Harris, Pritchard, Rabin, James, and Englehardt 35). Scott is afraid of the consequence of reporting the error such as reduction of the plant personnel since it might lead to some employees losing their jobs. The last ethical issue is timing in reporting the error to the management (Silliman par. 12). Since Scott’s projections are already being met despite the projection error, reporting the error at the moment is surpassed by events. Therefore, the performance of the company would not be affected even if Scott conceals the error report. Possible Alternative Actions The first alternative action would be concealing the error in projection to protect Scott’s chances of future promotion opportunities in the company. Besides, this action would ensure that the management does not react to the error alarm that might render some of the current plant personnel jobless. In addition, the action to conceal the projection error would preserve the integrity of Scott as an accurate accountant who is responsible for the surge in sales and recently reported an increase in profitability. This alternative is unethical. The second alternative action would be reporting the error in projection to the management. This action might result in blacklisting Scott for any future promotion opportunities in the company. Besides, it might lea
What is the difference between lobbying and bribery? Lobbying is the ability to entice intelligently or indirectly a group of people to fulfil personal interest. Usually in lobbying, a person relies on the officials to win a contract or pass a law; therefore, s/he indirectly campaigns for his/her favour using gifts or money (not common) (Merriam-Webster dictionary). On the other hand, bribery mainly involves use of money to access unlawful or illegal advantage over others. In bribery, the objective of the bribe (money) is clear while in lobbying, the person giving the gift may necessarily not state the reason why s/he is doing so but in mind, s/he is sure the officials will accept his/her proposal. Therefore, lobbying involves mainly giving gifts with a hidden aim while bribery involves money and the briber states a favour in return or as a form of repayment. What argument could the SLOC members make that the payments made do not fit the definition of an illegal bribe (under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act [FCPA])? The SLOC members did not make any payment to the officials but rather showered them with expensive gifts, which disqualifies them from bribery (The big business of the Olympics and bribery, 2009). According to Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, a bribe is “an illegal payment that is meant to influence an official to award or maintain business activity (n.d). Thus, the FCPA definition of a bribe as an illegal payment does not incriminate the SLOC members, which will be their major source of defence or argument. Furthermore, there is no record or evidence involving the transfer of cash between the two groups with a clear aim of receiving an award of hosting Olympic Games,
Introduction To begin with, it is necessary to mention that poetry has always aimed to draw someone’s attention to some certain matter. The matters raised in the verses are oppositely different, but lyrical poetry has relations as its key feature. Child-Parent relations are one of the most essential and significant parts of our world Main text The verses offered for the analysis reveal the Adult Child–Father aspect of family relations. Robert Hayden is probably one of the best known for his verses that discover and articulate the African-American practice, from the epoch of slavery, and the times of Civil War, up to the time he lived in. “Those Winter Sundays,” is a poem telling about a son memorizing his father, and it may be regarded as a brilliant instance of one of these poems reveal the matters of realizing individual understanding. It is obvious that there was detachment between them and a bit of contact or even warmth. It is revealed although, in memory, that love in fact was existing. It was simply conversed delicately only due to father’s attempts, particularly by creating blazes in the early morning that was “ driven out the cold ” The verse appears to be a grieve of the information that the son, who at the pointed period could not recognize such delicate signs of love, never get them back. As for the other poems, though their themes and narrators do not inevitably link with the lyricist who creates them, it is necessary to mention that Hayden was not essentially raised by his real parents, who raised him from the
Tools That Can Be Used in the Installation Stage Cyber-attacks have evolved to become more sophisticated than industry practitioners could ever anticipate. Thus, it is even more critical to catch intruders before they cause damage and gain intelligence in the process. Lockheed Martin created the Cyber KillChain to help stop cyber intrusions. It has, undoubtedly, advanced to cater to new changes in the sophistication of cyberattacks. The seven steps involved are reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery, exploitation, installation, command and control, and finally, actions on objectives (Khan et al., 2018). A review of the tools used in the installation stage of Cyber kill is undertaken in this discussion. One of the tools used is AutoRun Keys which cause programs to run each time something specific happens. For example, it may be set to pick up entered data each time a user logs in. Other malware can target the computer itself, like botnet or backdoor. Malware can also get to the computer through the links sent, for instance, through emails. Many attackers would incorporate social engineering in their attack (Shin et al., 2018). For instance, Black Friday allows an attacker to use a promotion link highlighting good deals to employees. When they click on the links, they unknowingly download malware. A hack tool is also used to create malware by adding an unauthorized user to the list of those permitted and then deletes the logs to prevent tracking of the attacker in the system. Another tool would be VirTool, whose work is to prevent antivirus software from detecting a malicious program by modifying the program to fit the whitelist. If an antivirus cannot detect malicious programs, it cannot prevent them from doing anything. Other attackers use constructors, which are programs designed to create new viruses, worms, and trojans which generate malicious codes or files (Shalaginov et al., 2021). There are also the Denial of Service programs that send excess traffic to communication channels; hence other computers on the domain cannot send requests. Users will keep trying to perform a task, and the request would not go through since the attacker sent requests that are more than the channel capacity. Advice to the CISO As the Chief Information Security Offi
The most significant social consequences of the First Industrial Revolution It is possible to identify two important effects of the Industrial Revolution. One of them is the changes in the standards of living. On the one hand, the technological progress deprived many low-skilled laborers as well as artisans of their employment because their work could be done by new machines. For instance, one can speak about Luddites who destroyed cotton mills (Sievers, 2009, p. 28). As a result, their purchasing power decreased dramatically. However, the increase in productivity enabled people to purchase goods that were not accessible to them. For instance, one can speak about agricultural products (O’Brien, 1993, p. 73). This consequence is important because it is closely connected to the social disparities emerging in the nineteenth century. This is why this effect should not be overlooked. Moreover, one should speak about the development of trade unions. These organizations were formed because workers were concentrated in factories, mills, or other manufacturing facilities. As a result, they had more opportunities to organize their efforts and advocate improvements in their living conditions (O’Brien, 1993, p. 247). This effect of the Industrial Revolution is vital for explaining many tensions between workers and employees, especially at the end of the nineteenth century. So, this issue is also of great importance to historians. The Industrial Revolution and the rise of capitalism The First Industrial Revolution contributed to the intensification of commerce and this trend enabled many small businesses to increase their turnover and profitability. In this case, much attention should be paid to such inventions as steam engine which helped companies reduce their transportation costs (O’Brien, 1993, p. 60). Furthermore, advancements in science and technology helped owners to increase the volume of production and extend their enterprises. Moreover, the increased availability of many goods enables some families to save more money. Some people chose to invest this capital in stocks of private companies. This is how the Industrial Revolution contributed to the rise of capitalism. The rise of capitalism and the development of the communist theory The growth of capitalism led to the development of communist theory. First, it should be noted that the competitive nature of capitalism resulted to the disparities in the standards of living. In turn, many philosophers began to think about the factors that could have contributed to this inequality. One of the causes that they identified was the exploitation of workers and their political underrepresentation (Cypher, 2004, p. 95). Moreover, many of them attempted to predict the social and economic development of European countries. In this case, one should speak about the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Their works contributed to the development of the ideology which relied on the notion of class struggle. Therefore, one can say that communism immerged directly out of capitalism. The differences betwe
Introduction The question addressed in this paper is how inventory levels can be managed using the queuing theory in the three different types of food business. The queuing theory is based on the mathematical analysis of waiting line, and it can be applied to the real-world scenarios such as inventory management. The queuing theory is dependent on the probability, and it is also known as traffic theory, congestion theory, theory of mass service, and theory of stochastic service systems. The use of the stochastic theory is made in inventory management as it is a useful tool for managing inventory and deals with the probability of demand and supply while keeping the optimum level of inventory, and in our case, for the inventory of food. The distribution logistics requires determining the number of items that should be stored, and how many should be on the way to the destination/point of consumption (Rashid & Hoseini, 2015). If the inventory level is kept optimum, then it can increase efficiency and lower costs. Food Truck Business In the case of food trucks, the inventory level of food, which has to be maintained, is high to ensure that a large number of food trucks can deliver food items as per the demand. If a single truck is serving fast food, then the movement of inventory will be quick. Various factors related to the type of food and demand can be helpful for devising a mathematical model which can calculate the optimum inventory or suggest minimum inventory for a particular type of food truck business (Mishra, Yadav, & Rawat, 2015). However, the quantification of inventory is based on the data including the number of trucks, time to serve a customer, time to prepare food, and unlimited queue capacity. It could assist in determining the minimum or optimum levels of stock for each truck. Fast Food Business In the case of a fast food business, inventory has to be ready-made and in the last stage of completion for quick turnover. Moreover, the consumption rate is higher, which also means that the required inventory level is high (Oladejo, Agashua, & Tamber, 2015). On the other hand, slow-food items such as Chinese foods, e.g., shashlik with boiled rice, have long preparation time. Therefore, such fast food businesses have slow-moving inventory, and inventory levels can be from low to medium. The exact levels of inventory are difficult to quantify unless specific data is provided. Sit-in Restaurants The queuing theory is deployed to sit-in restaurants to manage their operations effectively. The queuing theory allows determining the maximum time of customers who can be served and the average value of order that can be served. It will enable restaurants to optimize their operations and fulfill customer needs in a working shift. The queuing theory can help in determining the average time of customers, who can be served in the restaurant, the time o
Jesse Ventura expressed his views on homeland security in quite an emotional way. Although his account contains some exaggerations, his conclusions are largely correct as people’s freedoms are under a concealed and soft attack, which is tolerated in the western society. Ventura (2018) addresses various aspects related to homeland security, including but not confined to terrorism, surveillance, violence, war, and government’s efficiency. In many ways, the author sheds light on the overreactions or inadequate responses of the US government, which led to such catastrophes as 9/11 or the war in Iraq. It cannot be denied that surveillance has reached an unprecedented level as streets and diverse public spaces are filled with cameras. Numerous restrictions have been imposed to ensure a higher degree of security in airports and other important infrastructural facilities. Kuper (2015) states that Western people are ready to give away a considerable part of their freedoms in exchange for increased security, which is a result of natural civilizational development. The most recent illustration of the overwhelming role governments play in the life of the individual is the situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic. People’s basic rights were affected significantly as their movement was restricted. People had to remain at home or could not attend different kinds of places. People sacrificed their businesses as the losses due to the measures introduced by the government were unbearable for many. However, people are mainly in favor of such or similar restrictions as long as they believe in increased security. Hence, it is possible to note that Ventura (2018) is sometimes overreacting when discussing the balance between freedom and safety. However, the author has unveiled certain trends that are apparent.