ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Europa Europa is a 1990 movie outlining the autobiography of Solomon Perel, a Jew who lived in Germany during the reign of Hitler and managed to survive the persecutions of the Nazis. Directed by Agnieszka Holland in German language, this chef-d’oeuvre portrays Solomon as a Hitler boy though he was a Jew. In 1938 when Solomon was 13 years old, his family lived in Germany when the Nazis attacked them, killed his sister, and forced his parents and two brothers to flee to Poland in search of safety. In Poland, the Germans attacked them again and he escaped into the Soviet orphanage where he stayed for two years to avoid confrontation with the German soldiers since he was a Jew. When the Germans attacked the Soviet orphanage, they captured Solomon and used him as an interpreter for he pretended to be a German called Josef Peters. The Nazis recruited Solomon Perel as one of the Hitler youths for they considered him a hero. During the Russian attack, Solomon Perel surrendered to them and his brother rescued him and eventually became a happy emigration to Israel. The Experience of the Jews The director of the movie depicts the experiences of how Jews survived during the reign of Adolf Hitler. He uses the Solomon’s autobiography to give an insight of what exactly happened to the Jews who were scattered all over Europe in order to save themselves from the attacks of the Nazis. The movie shows that Solomon and the family lived in Germany at the age of 13 years when the Nazis attacked Jews forcing them to migrate to Poland. Before they could settle in Poland properly, the Nazis invaded Poland making his family to separate. Solomon and his brother headed towards the Soviet where he separated with his brother. Having no option, Solomon stayed in a Soviet orphanage for a period of two years wondering where his parents had gone (Hughes Para. 3). To come back to Germany, he pretended to be one of a minority ethnic group of German and they recruited him as one of the Hitler’s youths to attack other Jews. These were the experiences of the many Jews during the reign of Hitler. Historical, Social, and Economic Background The historical setting of the movie is during the period of Second World War when the Nazis led by Adolf Hitler dominated the Germany. The Nazis wanted to exterminate Jews from Germany and therefore they went all over Europe hunting for them. Various European states were fighting for supremacy and that is why the Nazis attacked both Poland and Soviet countries for they wanted military domination. The social settings of the movie portrays that the Germans were racists, because they required everybody to have a certificate of racial purity. When Solomon was in the camp of Hitler’s youth, he had to conceal his circumcision identity as a Jew and hide his certificate of racial purity lest t
The New York City Winter Jazzfest was timed perfectly with the weather, as luck would have it. The night of January 10 th was below freezing in temperature while moderately frozen precipitation both provided the atmosphere of snowflakes in the air and on the ground as well as creating a sort of half-frozen ice pooling effect in many areas of the streets. Held near Bleecker and Sullivan across three areas in the East Village of Manhattan, the 2009 NYC Jazzfest would host over 20 bands and a variety of jazz flavors. Though the contemplation of modern jazz in such a wintry environment for something titled “Winter Jazzfest” seemed very promising, the cold temperatures may have contributed to the seemingly stunted and slowed performances which would have otherwise been of a higher caliber. The concert has been occurring annually for the past five years, according to the Association of Performing Arts Presenters’ scheduling. This annual convention is somewhat unusual in that it is a hybrid of rock concerts and general assemblies of the music industry. The concert was normally held in the Knitting Factory, but it was closed to later reopen in Williamsburg and thus it was decided to hold the concert across three areas, Le Poisson Rouge, and Kenny’s Castaways (Teichroew, 2009). The Le Poisson Rouge hosted the performances that would draw the largest crowds. People began to make the part immediately in front of the stage the seated section as the audience continued to pile in and sit indian-style on top of blankets or other make-shift seats. Although the perfo
Police officers share a set of attitudes, norms and values that are very essential in their extremely tough working environment. It is these set of values and attitudes that constitute what is referred to as the policing culture. The police culture has been dynamic in recent times due to philosophical and organizational changes that have completely eroded the conventional meaning of police culture. The policing culture is very difficult to understand because personal characteristics of officers are completely different from their occupational characteristics. Conventional wisdom portrays a completely different notion about the outlook of police officers. The policing culture varies from one country to another because each country has its unique structures and code of conduct of the police. This paper will examine the similarities and differences between the policing culture in the U.S and Japan. The policing culture is very broad and it consists of both the organizational and the occupational culture. The modern policing culture in the U.S and Japan has been inherited in order to maintain historical legacies (Dammer, 2010). Routines like parades and saluting are part of the policing culture that has been around for a very long time. Police officers in the U.S and Japan are expected to be physically and mentally strong at all times. This policing norm makes the officers to be reliable and always ready for action when called upon (Gains, 2011). The American and Japanese police officers have a similar mentality when it comes to masculinity. Feminine traits such as gentleness and sensitivity are not part of the policing culture. Police officers encounter criminals in the course of their duty, and they are therefore expected to be very vigilant (Gains, 2011). The masculine culture is slowly fading due to the inclusion of women in both the American and Japanese police forces. Group solidarity is another
Introduction One of the most effective ways of solving problems in organizations or institutions is to employ effective leadership. Several leadership models have been developed to help leaders to solve organizational challenges. However, each leadership model has its merits and demerits. This means that the right model has to be chosen to address challenges effectively. In this paper, three leadership models will be analyzed. The analysis aims to identify the model that can be used to turn around a training department that has failed to improve employee performance. Leadership Models Managerial Grid Model The managerial grid model is based on the premise that effective leadership is determined by two behavioral dimensions namely, concern for people and concern for results (Koc, Kiliclar, & Yazicioglu, 2013). Leaders usually combine the two dimensions in different proportions. This leads to four types of leaders. These include team leader, impoverished, country club, and authoritarian leader. Team leaders are strong on tasks and people skills. They lead by example and create a work environment that allows every team member to achieve his or her highest potential. Team leaders focus on improving both results and relationships to ensure long-term success (Solansky, 2008). In this respect, the managerial grid model is likely to create a highly cohesive team in a training department. The resulting improvement in teamwork is likely to facilitate the sharing of resources and knowledge to enhance employee performance. Employee satisfaction and motivation are also likely to improve, thereby enhancing performance. Authoritarian leaders are often strong on tasks but lack people skills. They focus on achieving results rather than collaborations. This limits their followers’ ability to participate in decision-making processes. Authoritarian leadership can improve performance by instilling discipline in the department (Lussier, 2011). However, high performance will be short-lived because employees are likely to experience high levels of dissatisfaction. Conflict within the department is also likely to increase. Country club leaders use rewards to ensure discipline and high performance. However, they are often incapable of using coercive or legitimate power to punish underperformance. A country club leader is likely to improve employee satisfaction and harmony in the training department (Lussier, 2011). Nonetheless, performance will hardly improve because employees know that they will not be punished for poor performance. An impoverished leader shows little or no commitment by delegating too much responsibility to team members (Lussier, 2011). This means that performance will not improve because employees will engage in power struggles to gain control over the department. The resulting increase in dissatisfaction will worsen performance. Overall, the managerial grid model can only be effective if the department is led by a team leader. Although team leaders show high commitment, as well as, ability to motivate and empower employees, they might not be able to adapt to
Introduction Beyond budgeting movement is founded by the Beyond Budgeting Round Table organization in respond to shortcomings encountered with the use of traditional budgets. The traditional budgets are the annual budgets that organizations use to allocate resources and plan and implement in a fiscal year. An investigation was conducted by ‘Beyond Budgeting Round Table organization’ to establish the effectiveness of the traditional budget. Their findings formed a base to justify their ideas on beyond budgeting. The Beyond Budgeting Round Table organization is a movement that advocates for exchange of ideas concerning business management by giving out experiences as well as utilize research findings. The aim of the movement is to “help organizations introduce ways to achieve more adaptive control and continuous planning” (Beyond budgeting Round Table, 2005, pp 1). Beyond budgeting movement incorporates the community using ideas that will enable organizations survive in a competitive surroundings. This paper will critically discuss how the traditional budget is inappropriate for modern business while the beyond budgeting movement is effective for modern business. Discussion of Beyond Budgeting Movement There are two group of doctrines that the beyond budgeting movement believe in. The First doctrines focus on the process of management while the second doctrines focus on the leadership of the organization. The process entails incremental growth in the objectives of the organizations where individual employers receive rewards on projects completed. The capital for a project is given upon request and the employees coordinate their activities towards a common goal. The leadership on the other hand is transparent and it encourages a tradition of achievements. The leadership let the employee make own targets and take responsibility of the outcome. The communication is open and shared within the organization. The procedure put more emphasis on how to satisfy the consumer needs by investigating their mannerisms and their beliefs The movement argues that the inflexibility of the official procedure within organization is detrimental to the growth of an institution. The processes that cause delays due to long processes of business can be changed to allow for flexibility. In return the organization will experience enlargement. Additionally the organization upon embracing the beyond budgeting movement becomes accustomed to the transforming environment and in response increase the profits for the company. Operating cost incurred as a result of the hierarchical structure of the traditional organization structure is reduced as the procedure is decentralized (Beyond budgeting Round Table, 2005, pp 1). However, the beyond budgetin
The book of Eric Liu The Accidental American is a very bright and thought-provoking reflection of the second-generation Chinese American who lives in the USA, has a good job, and does not understand his own place within both the American and the Chinese culture. The reason for the misplacement is the perceived distance from the Chinese context due to his birth in the US; however, knowing the deeply embedded Chinese values his father has managed to preserve through his whole life makes Eric anxious about the gap between his parents’ identity, and his own self-perception. It is a common problem for many Asian Americans, since they are stuck in between the cultures, and they either have to voluntarily isolate themselves from Americans, or lose identity and adapt to the fundamentally new surroundings. The reason for Liu’s anxiety is the duality in his own nature; he knows that he is Chinese, as he has all physical attributes of a Chinese, but he scarcely speaks Chinese, and cannot write in Chinese at all. Liu feels awkward when visiting his aunt in China, which shows how distanced from his own heritage he is. As Liu notes at the beginning of his journey for self-awareness, “I sense how difficult it is to be literate in another man’s life, how opaque an inheritance one’s identity truly is. I begin to perceive my own ignorance of self” (Liu 6). Hence he starts to make an inquiry in the very concept of the Asian American concept, and explores the sense, the value, and the racist implications that both Asians and Americans include in it. However, what is specific about Liu, he does not separate himself from the American context, as he mostly avoided segregation and discrimination in the USA; he had a good job, being the speech writer for Bill Clinton. Liu even seems to disapprove and condemn the imaginary wall created by Asians fueling the stereotypes about the Chinese in America, and states that “nothing brings it out like other people’s expectations and a sense of danger” (Liu 62). It may be seen as the deliberate effort for detachment that leads to a more serious crisis of self-perception, the duality of perception, and the painful divide in the human psychology that leaves lingering questions – Why am I Chinese? What does it mean to be a Chinese? How can I become American? What does the Asian American actually mean? The answers to these questions will be absent until the population of the USA continues to divide people into Americans, Asians, African Americans, Mexican Americans etc., thus creating more stereotypes that do not reflect the true nature of the US nation’s heterogeneity and diversity. Liu realizes that he represents the product of the American culture, and he feels very awkward about Asian Americans who wear the labels hung on them partly by themselves, and str
Introduction The School of Nursing at King Saud University was established in 1977 as one of the academic departments of the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences. It was the first program that offered a Bachelor’s degree in nursing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and despite the general lack of demand for medical specialties during that period, the College of Applied Medical Sciences continued to provide these disciplines drawing on the role of King Saud University in satisfying the needs of the Kingdom in providing professionals to handle comprehensive health services and guiding citizen on matters touching on public health. In the year 1988, the university began offering a Master’s program in nursing science and since then, the university has continued to offer world-class education, in fact, a number of persons holding senior positions in Saudi Arabia in the field of nursing were once students at the King Saud University. School of Nursing Curriculum The development of the curriculum to be used at the School of Nursing involved various processes with setting out goals in order to cover the curriculum objectives and fulfill the goals of the programs that were to be offered. These processes were essential for the success of the educational goals and all the stakeholders were included so as to get divergent opinions regarding the curriculum’s contents. The development of a curriculum is a complex and critical issue in Saudi Arabia and the dilemma of wh
“What is love?” This may be the first question that comes into our minds when we are starting to write a love essay. Love is a broad word that can be defined and so many ways, and you need to determine which definition you would write about. This is the first step that you can take to have a good start for your love essay. Here are some types of love that you can write about in your love essay.   * Sexual Love – this is a kind of love that a man and a woman feel for each other that is more than brotherly love. This may also be termed as romantic love that can be a good topic for your love essay wherein you can explain how romantic love inspires people.   * Maternal Love – This is a kind of love that will be a good topic for a love essay because this can be our tribute to our mothers for the unconditional love that they have given. This is an essay that will help you express your appreciation of the love your mother gave you.   * Paternal Love – This is the love that a father gives to his children, and this is another kind of love that you can make use of in your love essay describing how great the love can a father give. These are just some of the kinds of love that you can make use of in describing love in your love essay. In doing a love essay, you can let your feelings all out and express the love you feel. This is one way on how you can extend the love that you feel towards your readers.
The Ethical Dilemma Rachel is a college student with a bright future ahead of her. By the unfortunate turn of events, she gets raped when she is returning home in the late evening. The criminal gets arrested immediately after the incident. Later, Rachel finds out that she is pregnant, and she is confused what to do. On the one hand, she is known to be an exemplary person who respects others and is against of any kind of unrighteous behavior towards other person. On the other hand, she is afraid that the child will serve as a reminder of the rapist and she has set a lot of plans for her studies and career path. Her parents tell her that she should keep the baby as abortion is a murder of a human being. They say that they are ready to help her raise the child, but Rachel feels hesitant about this decision. Analysis of The Situation Abortion calls for very much idea moral and good guidelines since it depends on a crucial part of humankind’s presence, which is human existence. It is characterized as eliminating or barring an undeveloped organism or embryo from the uterus to try not to conceive an offspring. The morals of fetus removal have been a milestone since the ascent of bioethics by the 1970s (Rachels & Rachels, 2019). The conversations on the morality and the sin of ending pregnancy are intensely politicized, particularly in the USA, additionally in numerous other Western nations (Billauer, 2016). The ongoing debate between life supporters and those who favor the right to choose has regularly been introduced as a conflict among conservative and liberal philosophies and various arrangements have been set up by the laws directing abortion on account of various nations (Billauer, 2016). A reasonable strength of Utilitarianism while examining abortion is that there is no outright worth set on human existence, which means it keeps away from moral inquiries regarding when human existence starts. Act Utilitarianism is especially valuable, as it likes to pass judgment on every individual case on its own benefits, which means abortion would be particularly up to the mother, and what the results would be for her life. This implies conditions like extreme fetal irregularity, assault, and monetary flimsiness would all be able to be considered under utilitarian idea (Cohen, 2015). Notwithstanding, passing judgment on abortion on the premise on government assistance can be hazardous in light of the fact that we are regularly incapable to set up the drawn-out outcomes of the activity, thusly long-term harm cannot be surveyed. Also, Rule Utilitarianism expresses that choices ought not be limited by singular government assistance, however by cultural government assistance (Rachels & Rachels, 2019). In this manner, Utilitarianism is not the best moral hypothesis to apply while talking about fetus removal, as the contentions among Act and Rule Utilitarianism. Notwithstanding the thought for all conditions given by Utilitarianism, eventually it is hard to build up the full outcomes of a fetus removal, which means other deontologica
Provision of quality health care does not only encompass the medical practice but also includes human values such as social justice. Supporting those people who are living in low-income areas and who are under the increased risk of injuries becomes a priority for a community nurse that has a goal to improve the lives of many people and make sure that underserved areas are provided with an appropriate level of healthcare. My personal experience in working in the Durham Region Health Department DRHD, I reflected based on the nurses’ experiences and the data they collected have supported my beliefs that quality healthcare should be evenly distributed across all social layers to ensure equal treatment and care for all. Description of the Experience I did not have hands-on experience, but I will be discussing the information I gathered from a nurse, who has worked with people in Oshawa and information I collected from the Durham Public Health website. After reviewing what the public department has done in association with the promotion of social justice in the low-income region of Durham, Oshawa, has been rewarding in many ways. As related to my practice, understanding how DRHD provides support for underserved individuals who have restricted access to healthcare opened my eyes to many problems that people experience in their everyday life, not only with regards to healthcare. For example, the unemployment rate in Downtown Oshawa is 15.5%; the teenage pregnancy rate is 111.1 per 1,000; 42.6% of children aged less than six years old live in low-income households while the overall percentage of residents in low-income households is 28.1%. Furthermore, the median after-tax income in this area is $32,500 and is the lowest in Durham Region (Calis, 2016). These figures speak for themselves; such statistics were the key factor that contributed to the exploration of social justice concepts and ideas in my practice. The most meaningful component of this experience related to seeing how the nurses communicate with people, identify the main healthcare-related issues, bringing the existing inequities to light, and discovering the ways in which social disparities could be eliminated. A rewarding experience for me was the understanding how the DRDH public health nurses’ teach low-income households about their rights to quality healthcare as well as how they can administer first aid in critical situations. According to the report of OSHA (2014), construction workers have an extremely high rate of occupational injuries, so it is important to address the risks they experience at work and develop a cohesive action plan for preventing injuries in the workplace. Sadly, when it comes to workers from low-income households, they often have a lower life expectancy, quality of life, and worth health compared to the individuals with a higher income; for them, salaries are the concern prioritized to health issues ( The Health of