ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Following the rising cases of drug trafficking in and around Birmingham, the federal police have taken to arms to indict all possible drug suspects within the geographical boundaries of this area (Wallace, H., & Roberson, C. (2009). The bureau initiated a home-to-home manhunt of the suspected drug traffickers who mostly are illegal immigrants from Latin American countries. This manhunt bore fruits on June 2, 2012, when the federal police arrested an illegal immigrant from Colombia who was in possession of 200 grams of cocaine and 100 grams of methamphetamine. The man whose name is Castillo Don is said to have smuggled the drugs through the Mexican American border and had intentions of selling the same to some unnamed drug traffickers who have since gone under. Castillo who also had an illegal firearm a.22 caliber pistol was in the company of two women who were also arrested and are set to be prosecuted in court this week. Castillo will be charged with several crimes which will include the illegal possession of a firearm, the possession of illegal substances in terms of drugs with an intention of distributing them and being in the country without proper documentation. This is after being deported back to Colombia two months earlier. These charges carry a very heavy sentence with possession of illegal drugs with an intention to distribute carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment and a fine of not less than $10 million. The possession of an unlicensed firearm and being an undocumented immigrant for that matter could see Castillo face 10 more years in custody. This means that either way, Castillo is going to serve a very long term in jail. The two women who have so far been established as Mariana and Anna will also be facing double charges. They were in the country illegally which could see them face at least 10 years in prison and also had the intention of distributing drugs which could see them face a prison term of not less than 40 years in prison. These prison terms are set to run consecutively and thus could see the two women serving a very long term in prison. The federal police have further established through their investigation that the two women have been involved in the distribution of cocaine for the last two years. This could see them, therefore, serve a prison term of up to 70 years in prison. The federal bureau of investigation has although issued a warning that these cases are on the rise and that the country might not have enough space or money to host the number of the ever-increasing criminals in the American prison systems. The bureau has suggested that the American government coalesce with other countries in the region to have these criminals indicated in their respective countries to ease off the burden. This though will be a tricky affair as the laws of the respective countries may not conform to the federal laws in America. Either way, the government will come with a way of ha
Fast food service is definitely one of the scourges of the modern society. Making people get used to the quick and comfortable way of eating, fast food service offers the unhealthy food and, thus, provokes a number of health complexities. Because of the growing popularity of the fast food products, the concern for the effect that the fast food meals have on the population is growing increasingly big, yet the solutions for the problems and dangers that fast food chains pose to people’s health have not even yet offered. Consequently, it cannot be denied that the consumption of fast food products is greatly harmful for people’s health and must be given up once and for all. It is required to say the specific features of the fast food that makes it incredibly unhealthy meals. According to the recipes used for cooking the fast food meals, the latter are nutritionally imbalanced. The aforementioned presupposes that fast food incorporates a mixture of sugar, fats and sodium, which are refined in such a way so that the consumers were willing to buy more food from the food chains in question. For instance, in McDonalds, the intake of fats in French fries makes 570; for hamburgers, the calorie intake is 270, and for sandwiches, it makes 470 (A Calorie Counter), which is already a reason for concern. Speaking of the consequences that the consummation of fast food triggers, one should remember that the fast food meals have negative effect on a variety of organs due to the specific elements that the former is composed of. Therefore, several effects of the fast food consummation are to be mentioned. Among the worst effects that fast food has on human health, the diseases that concern the blood system and the endocrine system are to be mentioned. It must be admitted, though, that fast food does not seemingly have any effect on the nervous system. The first and the foremost effe
For many people, Apple is one of the most popular companies worldwide. Apple’s ability to produce unique and consumer friendly products has propelled it to a global brand. However, Apple’s products face stiff competition from other established multinationals. For that reason, Apple’s product s must be of high quality and affordable prices. This essay provides an insight into Apple’s marketing environment. Apple is an American multinational that manufactures smart phones, music players and computer hardware and software. The company is a market leader in these industries (Mueller, 2010). Additionally, Apple was founded on April 1, 1976 in California (Freebase, n.d.). Apple should be applauded for operating in some of the most vibrant industries. For instance, Apple faces stiff competition for its smart phones, music players and computer hardware and software from well established companies such as Dell, Hp Compaq, IBM, Samsung, Nokia and Motorola (Travlos, 2012). Moreover, Samsung, Nokia and Motorola’s smart phones are cheaper than Apple’s. Therefore, Apple has an uphill task against these companies in iPhones marketing. Apples purposes to invest in research and development in a bid to come up with original and unique products that attend to the changing needs of consumers (Hodgkin, 2010). For that reason, Apple aims at balancing technological needs of its customers with quality (Hodgkin, 2010). In addition, Apple’s long term objective is to ensure that all customers afford its products (Christopher, 2011). However, this strategy has received a big blow from Apple’s high prices and the ability of its competitors to sell products at cheaper prices. A company’s organizational culture is defined by its staff’s beliefs, values and behaviors (The One Page, n.d.). Organizational culture, therefore, directs an individual’s decision and action in a company (The one page, n.d.). According to IBS Center for Management Research (2009), innovation sums up Apple’s corporate culture. Moreover, Apple’s organizational culture is driven by the desire to produce new and unique products. The acronym, SWOT stands for a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (Mueller, 2010). Apple’s main strength is the ability to produce superior products. Additionally, Apple has attracted a large pool of investors. Therefore, it has more capital than its competitors (Mueller, 2010). Apple’s major weakness was its inability to match advancement in technology with quality and consistent products (Mueller, 2010). Although these flaws have been corrected, Apple still faces other technological problems. For instance, customers are complaining about the high rate at which Apple is launching new products. This has resulted to the Apple fatigue. However, Apple has some opportunities to exploit. One of these opportunities is a competent and innovative workforce. In addition, Apple has
Introduction Sierra Leone’s decade-long civil conflict officially came to a halt in January 2002 after the British military successfully intervened to stop rebel insurgents (Dorman 352). Regardless, the conflict is yet to end entirely as some aspects of viciousness and brutality still linger in the thoughts of Sierra Leoneans. The unfortunate outcomes of the war, both in numbers and in the reality of the situation, raise the question of what other factors may have further contributed to the war. Much literature alludes to the idea that civil conflicts are to a large extent inspired by opportunities for economic gain, other than social and political dissatisfaction. This assumption regarding the key role of profitable opportunities appears conceivable enough to justify the persistence and intensification of a civil conflict. Nonetheless, one can assume there is a strong connection between a mindless rebel movement, motivation for greed, and a civil conflict. Some scholars agree that historical and political contexts merely contribute to civil wars as evidence of economic gains continues to surface. The recently concluded trial of the former president, Charles Taylor, is a clear indication of the unforgettable scars left after 11 years of one of history’s bloodiest civil wars. Having been found guilty of facilitating the civil war in April 2012, a victim with amputated forearms communicated with BBC, explaining, ‘Taylor should be locked up 100 years for his role in the civil war atrocities’ (BBC). While starting with Charles Taylor’s role in the infamous civil war, this paper will elaborate on some of the origins of the Sierra Leone civil conflict. The paper will begin by discussing the formation of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) and its primary role in the commencement of the civil conflict. The second section demonstrates how the forced recruitment of child soldiers directly resulted in an all-out civil conflict between the RUF and the rebels. The subsequent section will provide a discourse on some of the economic causes of the civil war in Sierra Leone. The final section expounds on how Sierra Leone’s colonial history enabled the nation’s 11-year civil war. The Founding of the RUF and its Incursion in Sierra Leone RUF Founding Members The RUF, militarily backed by the Liberian Charles Taylor, was the chief protagonist in the Sierra Leone civil war. The RUF was formed by three Sierra Leon citizens who received soldierly training in Libya between
It has been established that for youth aged 18 to 24, one out of every ten lives with HIV. To explain this, many people carried out research, all of them focused on different aspects of daily societal occurrences. Research and studies have also been done to establish factors responsible for such statistics. It is on record that societal perception profoundly determines the efficiency of prevention strategies. A vast majority of the populace living with HIV has not disclosed news of their status to their close friends and family. Some have masqueraded as patients of tuberculosis, gout, and other illnesses the society views as ‘normal’ illnesses. Campbell, Foulis, Maimane & Sibiya (2008) raise several issues in their paper, which are highlighted below. Children admit they are sexually active but do not use any form of protection. Most of them attribute this to curiosity. Some of them believe engaging in unprotected sex, as their parents do is an indication of maturity. It is saddening that most of the youth view sex education negatively since their elders have socialized them to view it as a curse. They cannot confide in their elders for fear of being branded licentious. Infected youngsters cannot open up to their parents for fear of reproach. Female youth who hail from impoverished backgrounds often engage in risky sexual encounters. They have little power over their clients, hence their inability to insist on condoms. Others get pregnant to guarantee themselves financial support or to tie down men they love, thereby exposing themselves to risks. For fear of ruinous publicity, few organizations and churches are participating in the fight against HIV. Some parents chastise their children for associating themselves with AIDS awareness programs. Church ministers referred to anti-AIDS literature as pornography (Campbell et al., 474). This hostile environment makes it tough for societies interested in undertaking awareness programs to operate. Critique I agree with the observation that societies greatly affect the way information on sex and HIV/Aids is perceived. In Kenya, for example, there are Voluntary Counseling and Testing centers (VCT) that offer free HIV/AIDS testing for all. Records show that more men visit this facility as compared to women. The centers are associated with prostitutes, not married or single women. Further study revealed that married women were not in any position to negotiate for protection during sex for fear of being branded rebellious by their husbands (Taegtmeyer, Kilonzo, Mung’ala, Morgan & Theobald 307). In Zimbabwe, political instability has limited the NGOs that provide specialized attention to HIV/AIDS patients. A large majority of respondents reported that social stigmatization deterred them from utilizing the facilities. Another factor that came up was the absence of condoms and antiretroviral therapy for the infected. Instances of new infections could not be reduced due to lack of condoms (Sherra, Lopmanb, Kakowac, Dubeb, Chawirac, Nyamukapab, Oberzaucherd, Creminb & Gregsonb, 851). This paper is silent on the risk sex workers pose to youths in
It is very hard to comply with professional ethics when making decisions because at some instances, legal and ethical inconsistencies arise resulting into a dilemma. According to Davis, “being ethical does not always mean following the law, and just because something is possible does not mean it is ethical, hence the dilemma” (353). Since persistent dilemmas do arise in various professions, professional bodies have formulated code of ethics, which stipulates the conduct and prescribes ethical values that the members should uphold when faced with dilemmas in order for them to make the right decisions. In this regard, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) formulated their code of ethics to regulate the conduct of their respective engineers. This essay explores two ethical cases and discusses their ethical implications with respect to the American Society Civil Engineers code of ethics. The Case of Art Ainsworth In this case, Art Ainsworth has ethical obligation to take further action by informing the building authority about the status of Walter’s residence. One of the fundamental principles of the code of ethics demands engineers to use their knowledge and skills in improving the welfare of human beings; therefore, it is quite ethical for Art Ainsworth to report the matter to the building authority. Basing on canon one, section one “engineers shall recognize that lives, safety, health and welfare of the general public are dependent upon engineering judgments, decisions and practices incorporated into structures, products, processes and devices” (ASCE 22). In this case, engineer Art Ainsworth has recognized the structural deficiency in his client’s residence and further advised on the emergency measures required to avert the impending injury or loss of life. Even though his client, Walter Weakly through his lawyer orders him to take no further action, canon one, section three prescribes that it is ethical for him to furnish information regarding violation of canon one. Since Art Ainsworth is an employee of his client and has received legal notification from his client to take no further action concerning his residence: it results into legal and ethical complication. Canon four of the code of ethics requires engineers to act faithfully and avoid conflict of interests emanating from their professional role. The fact that Art Ainsworth had offered to provide engineering service to repair his client’s residence but the client declined and furnish him with legal objection, shows that conflict of interest exists. Code of ethics canon four, section one states that, “engineers shall avoid all known or potential conflicts of interest with their employers or clients and shall promptly inform their employers or clients of any business association, interests, or circumstances which could influence their judgment or the quality of their services” (ASCE 23). Therefore, despite the fact that Art Ainsworth has ethical responsibility to take further actio
Introduction to the Problem The development of approaches to the estimation and control of brain functions in disorders control has attracted broad interest from evidence-based researchers. The improvement of the methods of spectral and multifractal analyses of the electroencephalogram (EEG) has enabled scientists and psychologists to sort the chaotic and fractal dynamics of the brain associated with anxious phobia disorders. According to Dick, Svyatogor, Ishinova, and Nozdrachev (2012), there is also growing scholarly interest in the degree of both multifractality and mono-fractality of EEG. Panic and anxiety disorders have become increasingly frequent, with estimates in 2018 indicating that the reported incidences had risen by 3.1% every month for the past 12 months. The estimated social anxiety lifetime prevalence in the United States is 12%, and the percentage is projected to keep increasing (Feng, Cao, Li, Wu, and Mobbs, 2018). Furthermore, Johnson et al. (2019) note that nearly 75% of the US population is exposed to a risk of severe trauma caused by degeneration of the stress levels, decreasing genetic resilience to traumatic situations and occurrences. Based on the facts presented above, this paper will discuss the functional state of the brain of patients having anxiety and stress disorders. It aims at analyzing the issue using the facial stimuli, which, in its turn, will help to determine consistency in the level of perceived attractiveness. It is possible to suggest that anxiety, induced during the study, will affect the hippocampus and the amygdala. The method of beauty has been selected because it may illustrate how the brain functions differently after the stimuli, which may affect individuals’ preferences and the situations they encounter in their daily lives. Description and Background Issues Given that the function of anxiety remains the detection of threat, several studies have aimed to create an experimental cognitive psychology model that will inform future clinical research and practice. Burkhardt et al. (2019) found in a past survey that phobic disorder patients are highly responsive to script-driven imagery and prone to elicitation from natural stimuli. Similarly, França et al. (2018) accentuate that EEG correlational values are affected by neurodynamics, including psycho-emotional stress and disorder variations. However, despite initial breakthrough studies in the past decade, the application of fractal features of EEG to treatment and control nervous phobia disorders is still limited. França et al. (2018) observe that complete characterization of the brain function dynamics and the quantification of the variants of fractal geometry would remain a challeng
Introduction The importance of both short-term and long-term outcomes after major trauma has become of global concern due to the ongoing development of sophisticated trauma care (Holbrook et al., 1999, p.768). There is, however, little research that focuses on the meaning of motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors two months after discharge. On the contrary little is known to have an empirical foundation to guide the understanding of the phenomena. It is therefore hoped that this qualitative study will provide an understanding on the experiences that the Motor Vehicle Accident survivors undergo after the incident and also during therapy (Blanchard et al , 2004, p. 577). Although many experiences of trauma patients have been described in literature, no information has been found to describe the patients’ experiences using a grounded theory approach (Shih et al , 2010 , p.7). The qualitative protocol of grounded theory method will be employed to produce a detailed description and theoretical analysis of the Motor Vehicle Accident survivors’ experiences (Blanchard et al , 1995, p. 498). This methodology provides a thorough way to develop an understanding of the experience of Motor Vehicle Accident survivors from the patient’s perspective. This perspective will help in enhancing knowledge and a defined understanding to those living with the experience (Glaser and Straus, 1967, p.115). The overall goal of this study is to develop a more complete description of the phenomenon and the process that the individual undergoes after a Motor Vehicle Accident (Blaszczynski et al , 1998, p. 120). Grounded theory comes in hand particularly in areas of research where there is less information known about the incident or case on study. Through the approach of grounded theory, researchers are able to develop a deeper comprehension and understanding of the patients’ experiences despite the little information provided (Glaser, 2001, p.87). This methodology is thus a big contribution to the nursing development of a substantive body of knowledge. “Most importantly the developments of theories of the middle range that are empirically tested as well as guiding the nursing practice.” (Streubert-Speziale & Carpenter, 2007, p. 102) Henceforth, the main purpose of this qualitative study is to generate an empirically derived substantive theory of the experience of motor vehicle accident survivors two months after discharge from the health care facility (Blanchard et al , 2004, p. 577). This protocol will describe the participant’s recruit
In mid last year, as a member of researching group studying the effective management of schools, I visited a U.S. public school. I wanted to learn more about the techniques of school management in the day to day operations of the school. Most students were non immigrants and Spanish speakers. On arrival, I was ushered to the principal’s office where I met the administrators and received an overview of the school. I would then proceed on a campus tour interviewing teachers, staff and few students. I had questionnaires about the techniques of school management, challenges faced by all parties involved in the effective running of the school. The principal of the school explained to me that the day to day operations of a school requires a range of policies and procedures to be followed. In addition he pointed out that, the school vision stipulated in the statement of the school philosophy is the driving force in managing the school that shape day to day activities. Moreover, a model should be set for effective management and must go hand in hand with what is known about successful approaches to the management of change. The administration committee explained that the model integrates the process of goal setting for the school and needs to be identified, policy making, planning, budgeting, implemented and evaluated in a continuous cycle. Since the administration is decision makers, leadership was elicited as the key technique to manage a school. It is very important for leaders to give attention to two key factors; accomplishment of the task at hand and establishing good relationships with and among members of staff (Beare et al., 1989). In this docket, emphasis were given to transforming change attitudes that brought about commitment to better state embodied in the vision of excellence for the school. School leaders should be outstanding and succeed in communicating the vision in such a way that they secure the commitment of others in the school and its community. The leadership encompasses technical, human, educational, symbolic and cultural and all should be present and be widely dispersed in school for excellence to be attained. I then interviewed a veteran teacher who has been in the school for 7 years. His comments zero grazed on the vision of the school. He suggested that the vision of the school must be in