Love Canal, New York Love Canal exists in the southeast of New York. It has a history of chemical contamination having operated as a dumping site for harmful chemical effluents emerging from for Hooker Chemical Company (the company used Love Canal as a dumping site for harmful effluents). 1 The company, currently, called Occidental Petroleum Corporation, had operated for several years as one of the major oil and gas manufacturers in US. It used the site in early 1900s and later sold it to Niagara Falls School Board in 1950s at a minimal cost. The school intended to build a considerable institution on the land. Nonetheless, it was clear that the site contained dangerous chemicals buried in the area several decades ago. Issues erupted in 1970s rendering the case quite serious. After media revealed the information about the past effluent deposition, there was a public uproar with health concerns on cumulative effects of such chimerical on the inhabitants of the area and beyond. The matter worsened forcing the government, environmental agencies, and other activists to take immediate action. Contamination involved in this case incorporated accumulation of heavy metals and other lethal discharges from the then Hooker Chemical company. The residents prospected danger thus alarming the community after Niagara Falls Gazette investigated and reported on the matter. The company was blamed of negligence in its waste disposal mechanisms. On damages, the incident fronted various health risks to the residents of the area and beyond. 2 The cumulative effects of harmful chemicals in the body are disastrous. Prospected dangers incorporated cancers, miscarriages, birth defects, toxic chemicals in the mothers’ milk, nerve disorders, and other life complications. Having raised the public concern, it was important to get rid of the chemical before their dangers could be experienced by masses. 3 This led to the cleanup program, which incorporated expertise from relevant disciplines. CERCLA (an act established to legitimize and source funds for the clean-up) helped situation by empowering the health agencies including EPA to organize the clean-up mission and detoxification of the chemicals. Bhopal, India In Bhopal, India (disaster), there was a massive leakage of a poisonous gas (methyl isocyanate) leading to instantaneous death of thousands of people, massive atmospheric contamination, and other related deaths witnessed later after the incidence. The incidence occurred in December 1984 (at night 2 nd ) after a company (UCIL) based in Bhopal (in Madhya Pradesh state, India) had a gas leakage from its premises. 4 Allegedly, the leakage was connected to poor maintenance of gas pipes and improper cleaning processes as well as inability to use safety measures. The gas diffused into the surrounding environment intoxicating the residents of the nearby area causing instant deaths, injuries, and other cumulative effects mentioned earlier. These constituted the damages that the incidence caused. Methyl isocyanate is a dangerous gas with lethal impacts when inhaled into the body. Higher levels taken once might cause instant deaths or kill later depending on the health condition of the concerned victim. The company management was accused of negligence