ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The rate at which Americans are shifting into the use of Credit Cards to perform their transactions is increasing. Financial institutions such as banks and credit unions issue credit cards to people as an indication to merchants that the cardholders have satisfactory credit rating. The issuer of the card also commits to pay merchants if the credit card holder extends to pay the credit and then follows up the cardholder to ensure that he/she pays the credit. This issue makes most credit card users to run into debts. The credit card issuer depends on applications in order for them to do business. Upon application, it is the responsibility of the issuers to carry out relevant investigations before they issue out credit cards to the applicants. The current trend in the use of credit cards in America gives an indication that “credit cards, smartcards and other electronic transactions will replace the cash medium in our near future” (Szwak, n.d., para. 27). There are many reasons to show why most Americana should not use credit cards in their transactions. The main types of credit cards used in America include “Standard Cards, Charge cards, Limited Purpose Credit Cards, Premium Cards and Affinity Cards” (Financial Culture, 2010, para. 2). Standard cards are the most commonly used type of credit cards in America. These cards allow the users to purchase items and pay for them in installments. The users can also make full payment purchases using this type of card. Charge cards only allow for full amount payment on the month preceding purchase. There are no financial charges levied on this type of card and the card issuer does not allow monthly installments in payment of commodities purchased. The charge card obliges the cardholders to compensate for the balance in full after a period of thirty days. Therefore, it does not qualify to be true credit card. On the other hand, credit cards permit the cardholders to build a constant balance of debt. This is subject to the interest charged on the card. The limited purpose credit cards have a restriction to only some specific uses. Premium cards offer
The current economic situation in France, which needs to be discussed in detail in this paper, is described in the news articles published in January 2019. The focus should be on analyzing such issues influencing the economic stability in the state as the problem of unemployment, changes in the unemployment rate, as well as changes in the inflation rate. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the recent economic data found in the news articles is correlated with the previous research on the topic. This paper also examines the mentioned economic concepts in the context of the present-day situation in France. The previous research on the economic development of France has demonstrated that the country’s unemployment rate is continuously falling, indicating positive changes in both economic and social spheres. In addition, it has been found that the inflation rate tends to rise in France. The information retrieved from the recent articles on the situation in the country supports the previous findings on the unemployment rate. According to Thomas (2019), at the end of 2018, the unemployment rate fell from more than 9% to 8.8%. This rate is discussed as the lowest one since the figure observed in 2009 (Thomas, 2019). Regardless of this positive change, the social unrest associated with the protests of Yellow Vests indicates the problem in economic and social spheres because protesters represent the views of unemployed and poor people in France. The creation of many new job positions seems to be not enough in order to address the disparity observed between the wealthy and poor people in France. According to Chhor (2019), wages in France are lower than average wages in other European countries, and many citizens suffer from poverty. In addition, the unemployment rate of about 9% is comparably high while speaking about the rate in other countries in the European Union (6.7% on average) (Chhor, 2019). Therefore, changes in the rate reported for 2018 do not seem to influence the overall economic situation in the country. It is also important to refer to the issue of changes in the country’s inflation rate. The sources used for conducting the previous research on France indicated that the inflation rate was growing. Nevertheless, Hodgson (2019) reported other findings on this issue and stated that inflation in France tended to decrease in spite of increases in food prices. It is explained in the article that the decreases in the inflation rate were associated with changes in prices set in the country’s energy sector. Furthermore, it is necessary to state that the prices in the tobacco sector were also reduced (Hodgson, 2019). One should note that these changes slightly influenced the overall inflation rate, leading to its further decrease. The analysis of the inform
The article “Insult to Injury: New data reveal an alarming trend: Vets’ disabilities are being downgraded” by Linda Robinson gives an insight on the devastation faced by injured American soldiers while on combat. Using the case of the twenty-six year old Marine sergeant, Fred Ball, as an example, the author argues that the United States military has allotted low disability ratings in many instances to its injured service men and women (Robinson, page 1). The military has done this with the intention of staying away from paying them their full military disabled retirement benefits. The article arouses feelings of pity or compassion (pathos), has a logical appeal (logos), and the character or personality of the writer makes it to be believable (ethos). Robinson uses pathos to her advantage in the article as she tries to evoke the feelings of pity or compassion so as to persuade the readers to reason with her. Robinson introduces the article by taking the readers to the battleground in which a military service member known as Fred Ball sustained serious injuries. More so, the title of the article, “Insult to Injury,” evokes feelings of pity even before one reads it. Robinson informs the audience about the difficulties that Ball is forced to endure. She says, “The tremors that he experienced after the blast are back, he can hardly walk, and he has trouble using a pencil or a fork” (page 1, para. 3). She also points at the hardships that Ball is facing. For example, “he gets $337 every month, has no medical cover, he works 16-hour shifts, and has gone into debt to cover his $1,600 monthly mortgage” (Robinson, para. 3). The sad story of the predicaments of Fred Ball appeals to the readers about the seriousness of the issue. Robinson uses pathos to reveal that the system of rating wounded military service members is ambiguous and riddled with inconsistencies. The author appeals to the public through using realistic examples of people who had been forced to endure pain because of downgrading of their disabilities to a lower status. The use of pathos in the article inspires a sense of pity regarding the condition of the veterans whose rights have been abused. Logos, which is an appeal to reason, is employed in the article so as to make its message to be credible and easy to understand. In an effort to draw a logical argument about how complicated the problem is, the writer gives the findings of U.S. News to this effect. She notes that the disability ratings process done by the Physical Evaluation Board
Introduction Authors have different ways of making their stories fascinating and educative. The techniques used can help writers to convey their message to the audience with ease. The use of the supernatural approach is a common practice that allows individuals to create a story’s mood. The method is also essential since it develops the dramatic effect of a tale. “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Ambrose Bierce’s “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” have utilized supernatural experiences. The audience can analyze how both authors have used the method to create themes in their stories. Supernatural Forces in “The Yellow Wallpaper” Supernatural elements are utilized in the tale by Gilman to ensure that readers enjoy his works. The story is exciting and focuses on various issues that are experienced in the community. For instance, gender inequality is one of the major problems in the contemporary world. Consequently, the story addresses the challenges that many females encounter in their daily lives. For instance, the narrator states, “John does not know how much I really suffer, he knows there is no reason to suffer, and that satisfies him” (Gilman 649). Additionally, the supernatural in early gothic literature has been utilized to control feminine characters within the novels (Finley 1). The narrator in “The Yellow Wallpaper” lives in a colonial mansion with her husband, John. However, as the story progresses, the woman experiences challenges and signs of her loss of composure. The narrator discusses the house in terms of being haunted and run down. Thus, readers can learn that there are supernatural elements that are used in the story. Moreover, Gilman has used ghosts as one of the supernatural forces to create the mood of the story and the theme of mental illnesses. In this case, the gothic horror style enables the audience to learn how the narrator’s mental health progressively declines. Although John is a physician, he does not believe that his wife is sick. The narrator states, “but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind, perhaps that is one reason I do not get well faster, you see he does not believe I am sick” (Gilman 647). Therefore, readers can learn that supernatural forces are utilized to show the theme of mental illness among women. Supernatural elements have also been practiced to develop the theme of gender roles and domestic life. Gilman shows how the structure of sexual measures impacts the communication of John and his wife. The narrator states, “John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage” (Gilman 647). The belief that the house is being haunted has also led to John believing that his wife is fragile, emotional, and se
Introduction Facility management (FM) is a broad term that encompasses a range of business areas where businesses operate (Drion, Melissen, & Wood, 2012). One of the core competencies of FM is hospitality management defined by Global Job Task Analysis, IFMA, which is mostly occupied with hotel business. The present report is aimed at defining and explaining the core aspects of hospitality facilities management in relation to Park Hyatt Sydney hotel. Background Park Hyatt Sydney is a luxury hotel owned by Hyatt hotels corporation. This company owns total 627 hotels functioning under 13 brand names and covers a variety of price ranges. Park Hyatt is listed in STR Global Chain Scales among luxury hotels, which defines its market positioning among the top-scale audience with above-average pay grade (STR Global, 2015). It represents one of the most successful brands in the industry. The company operates in 56 countries and employs around 110,000 people globally, which places it among the top players on the market. Above that, Hyatt corporation estimated profit for 2016 totals 4.4 billion dollars, which once again stresses the relevance of reviewing the experience of this representative of hospitality management segment (Hyatt Hotels Corporation, 2016). The main brand was established in 1957 by Hyatt Robert von Dehn and Jack Dyer Crouch but was sold to Jay Pritzker. Park Hyatt was created in the 1980s to unite the company’s most exceptional hotels. It focuses mainly on building and managing average-sized hotels in popular destinations for the wealthy audience. The hotel philosophy is in letting people enjoy themselves while the company handles all the service. Providing the top quality of care is essential to the brand, and each guest is welcomed and served in accordance with the highest standards in the industry. According to Laird (1994), the design is also an essential part of facilities management. The hotel exterior features modern-style minimalist architecture with the use of primarily natural elements such as wood and glass as it is shown in Figure 1. The same design approach is accommodated in the interior design with the sam
Summary of the Readings The document entitled “Combahee River Collective Statement” composed by the society of the black feminists and lesbians in Boston is peculiar for the open and unapologetic communication of their sexual orientations to the wide public. This is the first document of this kind in history. The main argument of these women in their literary work is that they would no longer trade their silence for the chance to participate in the political process (Eisenstein 93). Special attention is also paid to the arguments encouraging better organization and unity among the black lesbians who appear to be separated and disorganized (Eisenstein 94). In “Polity and Group Difference: A Critique of the Ideal of Universal Citizenship”, Young argues that despite any personal circumstances including the socially and economically advantaged or disadvantages situation, gender status, and race, citizenship guarantees “everyone the same status as peers in the political public» (250). The overall idea of this paper is that citizenship is the guarantee for the right to express their political will for the people of all kinds despite their status in society. At that, the author is aware that the representatives from the different layers of society may have their own interests and deferent’s people’s interests do not coincide. For this reason, Young makes the following comment in the conclusion of her paper, “I do not believe that challenging the ideal of a unified public or the claim that rules should always be formally universal subverts the possibility of making rational normative claims” (274). Evaluation of the Strengths and Weakness of the Authors’ Arguments Addressing the arguments provided in “Combahee River Collective Statement”, it is important to note that the authors have utilized an effective argument to prove their right to participate in political process. As for the weak points in the course of their ideas promotion, their ideas on uniting the black lesbians around one common purpose seems underdeveloped. They do not provide the specific details on how to unite such diverse groups with considerable ideological differences. In addition, evaluation of their position suggests that they do not fully understand the variance between different stakeholders among the black lesbians. Evaluating the arguments provided in Young’s work, the statement that citizenship is enough to guarantee each person having it the right to participate in the political process is quite strong. Moreover, this argument is supported by the values promoted by the U. S. Constitution, as well as the human rights activists beginning from the era of the Enlightenment and reaching our days. It is thus very difficult to find faults in Young’s reasoning and for this reason, many readers cannot help but agree with the author’s very statements. Still, speaking about the weaker arguments used by the author, some minor issues can be found. For instance, Young believes that the impact of laws on the individual is the very measurement that can identify whether they are just.
Introduction Westward expansion was one of the key periods in the history of the United States of America. It meant significant economic and agricultural growth for white people but it was not the only reason for the expansion; the United States was experiencing certain increase in population and it was getting harder for people to find a job with a decent salary. Thus, moving to the West became a dream for the most ambitious Americans and their desire to achieve it was stronger than any difficulties that frontiersmen were facing. Due to that ambitiousness, the westward expansion was hard to be called a slow process. What is more, not all Americans saw expansion as an advancement. “As Americans poured West, expansion became a source of national political controversy” (Oakes et al. 370). Unfair Idea of the Manifest Destiny Manifest destiny was a very popular belief in the 19 th century; according to that, it was an essential destiny of the people from the United States to settle both developed and undeveloped areas of North America. The idea could not be called fair or at least fact-based; according to the manifest destiny, the westward expansion was seen as a naturally determined process conforming both state and moral law. Manifest destiny involved the idea of special virtues and mission of the colonists and it definitely was a powerful weapon of the government. With help of this idea, it was able to make people believe in a natural necessity of the United States to expand its boundaries. Supporters of the westward expansion believed it to be able to “strengthen it [the country], providing unlimited economic opportunities for future generations” (Haynes par. 4). Moreover, expansionists also used a religion as an instrument as the right to colonize other territories was believed to be given to Americans by God (Oakes et al. 362). When all is said and done, the manifest destiny does not seem to be reasonable as we know what it means to state a superiority of a particular nation over other ones. Were there Other Options? Manifest destiny was proclaiming Americans to be God’s favored people who had to perform their mission by means of expansion. In spite of other opinions on the rights and mission of the United States, this idea was successfully incorporated into the vision of the common goal for all Americans. If the United States had not conducted its policy in accordance with the manifest destiny, it might have experienced a certain economic decline caused by a resource scarcity; a swell in population might have yielded to heavy mortality due to the increased fights for the limited resources and the spate of criminal activities caused by high unemployment. The discussed historical period could be characterized by strong opposition of the colonialists, Mexicans and Native Americans. Thus, it would be
Dissimilarities in rules governing different societies and countries make international trade different from local trade. Different political, cultural, and economic environments also exceptionally characterize international trade (Helpman, 2011). These factors define the incomparable responsibilities of global business managers. It is important that as PPQ Parts strategizes to venture into international business, it should have plans that identify the diversities and outline methods of handling them. The host foreign country also has issues to deal with. The issues may have impact on the business affairs of the foreign investing company. PPQ Parts will need resources such as water, minerals, and land. The host country will therefore have to share their resources with PPQ Parts. At the same time, the country will most likely be forced to legislate on the mode of sharing the resources. The host country will handle social issues that the country had not faced before. PPQ Parts’ presence in the country will have social assimilation impacts. The locals will have the opportunity to learn new cultures (Helpman, 2011). Additionally, local industries will face stiff competition from PPQ Parts. This may influence the local population to have ill feelings concerning the company. They may think that the foreign company intents to out do them in business. The host country may also face issues such as shortage of classrooms, market stalls, hospitals, and clubs, among others. This may force the government to develop new facilities or improve the existing ones to accommodate both locals and the staffs of PPQ Parts. The host country will therefore, provide these facilities (Stern, 2009). Since the trade has positive effects, including economic empowerment for locals, increased government revenue collection, and positive social and economic assimilation, PPQ Parts management should plan to ensure that the positive trade consequences remain outstanding. Remarkably, international, multinational, and global organizations face a myriad of cultural barriers and diversity issues. PPQ Parts is not exempted from facing similar challenges. The organization should develop strategies to overcome the cha
Introduction The book “Whitey Bulger: America’s Most Wanted Gangster and the Manhunt That Brought Him to Justice” focuses on organized crime in the United States (Cullen and Murphy 21). The book talks about a true crime story featuring James “Whitey” Bulger, who is known as was one of the most wanted criminals in the United States during the 1980s. Bulger was a cold-blooded terrorist who tortured his victims mercilessly. He was very elusive and escaped most of the traps set for him by the security forces. Bulger also managed to be one step ahead of the security agents almost at all times. That is why it was so difficult to bring him to justice. There was an argument that he had close associates within the security agencies because he was always aware of the police programs that targeted him. Bulger was finally caught and arrested after a long while, even though the public was convinced that he had been an invisible criminal. The book is thrilling and also very informative and authoritative in describing America’s justice and security systems. Analysis of the Book Cullen and Murphy give a precise description of Bulger’s criminal activities. The authors introduce the reader to the strategies employed by the criminal to escape from the police. That way, the students of criminology are informed of the potential weaknesses of the American law enforcement of the 1980s. Telling Bulger’s story is highly useful because it contains valuable knowledge concerning the psychology and way of thinking of a criminal and a message that the tactics of the lawbreakers should not be underestimated. The authors provide detailed information concerning the methods of search the American police applied to locate the criminal along with the strategy and the law enforcement popular back then. The students of criminology may find this book useful concerning the meaning and outcomes of the cooperation between the police and the gangsters which, unfortunately, still occurs in contemporary America. In the book, it is demonstrated that the assistance of the police workers helped Bulger