ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
According to the American Psychological Association, psychosis is a mental illness that is characterized by a radical change in personality as it interferes with an individual’s sense of objective reality (Archie, S. et al., 2007). Importantly, psychosis has posed a problem worldwide depending on the conditions associated with the psychotic symptoms. As a result of this, psychosis has led to the loss of interaction and concentration among the victims; leading to hallucinations, delusions, thinking problems, and lack of insights among others (Archie et al., 2007). According to a study carried out by reading, J. et al. (2005), psychosis and hallucinations in particular are associated with instances of child abuse and neglect. On this basis, this study wanted to eliminate the deficiencies that existed on the possibility of psychosis resulting from child trauma (Faulkner & Sparkes, 1999). In this study, the researchers indicated that physical exercises in children bring about moods change and increased interaction that help in treating psychosis. As indicated by Faulkner and Sparkes (1999) in the journal of ‘Sports and Exercise Psychology’, physical exercises benefit depressed women out of co-occurring depressions. According to them, physical exercises taper off excess energy in the case of someone with an obsession (Faulkner & Sparkes, 1999). It should be noted that earlier studies did not wholly tackle the subject of exercise as a viable diagnosis for individuals with psychosis; as people thought that exercises are for diseases like obesity and not mental complications. On this basis, there has been a gap in the studies related to this topic as there is no study that has been conducted to study exercises alone as a treatment for psychosis (Pelham & Campagna, 1991). As a result of this, there is a great opportunity for expanding the study of exercise for the treatment of psychosis since from the study conducted at Duke University; those victims who exercised for thirty minutes a day had the same benefits as those who received medications (Pelham & Campagna, 1991). A point worth noting is that, from the study of Crone, D., & Guy, H. (2008) in the ‘international journal of mental health nursing; the study of physical exercises to psychosis victims is very important. On this basis, it helps people to understand the benefits brought about by exercises on depressions and other mental illnesses. In this relation, physical exercises by psychosis victims may be as efficient as medication and even a better alternative to some psychotics (Crone & Guy, 2008). Significantly, this study is guided by the theory of psychosis referred to as the neurobiological theory that states that; body activities affect the reaction of the mind. According to neurobiologists, the comprehension of the body and brain; brings about emotions, mood swings, memories, and sensory experience (Wiles et al., 2007). In this case, this approach explains the mind-body dualism where the body affects the mind and vice versa. On th
“[The grandmother] saw the man’s face twisted close to her own as if he were going to cry and she murmured, “Why you’re one of my babies. You’re one of my own children!” She reached out and touched him on the shoulder. The Misfit sprang back as if a snake had bitten him and shot her three times through the chest.” (O’Connor). After reading the story, this part remains in readers’ heads and makes them replay all the characters’ previous actions in their thoughts repeatedly. Perhaps it was this passage that served the emergence of various interpretations of the conclusion and perpetuated the story in the category of American classics. What in those words makes the story so unique? It may be the hope that settled into the description of The Misfit, who for a moment seems to start crying, and lasted until the period in the sentence in which the grandmother touched his shoulder. The quintessence of this hope is expressed in the exclamation, “Why you’re one of my babies. You’re one of my own children!” (O’Connor). At this point, the reader’s heart begins to beat faster, naively excepting in a couple of phrases to read about the piety of a bad person, the escaped criminal. However, O’Connor, in her usual manner, returns to reality roughly. The moment of hope did not last long, but after all, even in the title of the story, the author warned, “Good man is hard to find.” The grandmother’s words are most likely caused by the Misfit putting on her son’s shirt. A moment of shock is, however, inevitable when reading these lines. The reader suddenly sees the familiar stubborn grandmother in a new light – she seems kind and loving to the criminal even though she is on the verge of death. Thus, the strangely hopeful and full of love part of the story makes the literary work meaningful and long-lasting. Work Cited O’Connor, Flannery. A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories. Mariner Books, 1977.
Introduction It is always very interesting to investigate cultures, traditions, and religions which are inherent to different people and compare the ideas people prefer to choose in their lives. Each continent and country introduce a number of new perspectives concerning how people should demonstrate their religious preferences and what customs they have to follow. Western Africa is the region where more than 15 countries are united and eager to demonstrate their own interests, religious demands, and traditions. Due to numerous historic migrations, the representatives of different cultures have to link their interests in order to achieve success and satisfaction with the chosen activities. A historical perspective has to be mentioned because its impact on cultural and religious aspects of Western Africans is considered to be great. The cult of the dead that is supported in the vast majority of countries is one of the traditions appreciated, and the Kingdom of Kongo (now it consists of the Republic of Congo, Angola, and Cabinda) is one of the central points where the cult of the dead was developed. The cult of the dead is considered to be a kind of basis for many African religions that enhances people’s understanding of life and the life after death; an Nkisi that is close communication with dead people and Western Vodun are the powerful means to support an idea of dead powers and the cult of the dead itself and to prove that a life is not the only possibility to teach and improve personal knowledge, but there are many other sources where information is gained. Evaluation of African Beliefs West African spirituality in the Caribbean where the above-mentioned region is located undergoes considerable innovations from time to time. Its rich history, relations with other cultures, and religious improvements influenced the way of how African people lived and what styles of life they prefer today. Thought the cult of the dead was highly appreciated between 15-19 centuries, its signs are noticed in the form of the Day of the Dead that was annually celebrated. The vast majority of African citizens define the cult of the dead also known as veneration of the dead as a possibility to communicate with dead relatives and believe that all those people who died continue their existences in some other place and may influence the life of those people who are still alive. In Africa, ancestor worship is rather prevalent and provides people with a chance to admire the fact that some supreme power may assist them, show the right way, and help to make right decisions. Some people even believe that “God himself may send sickness which leads to death” (Middleton 79) in order to demonstrate his power and help other people in supernatural. In comparison to Egyptian religion where huge pyramids were built and the dead were mummified because a soul survives only in case a physical receptacle is available, the Africans accept an idea of spiritual existence without an importance to save bodies. Vodun is the religion of the Africans
The article highlighted multiple reasons why women chose to be child-free. These include the desire to succeed from an academic and professional perspective, financial reasons, a lack of natural desires, and the understanding that a child would not enhance their life but rather make it more difficult (Sandler). There were a couple of things that I can’t entirely agree with. The choice of a woman to be in a serious relationship with a man with a 15-year-old daughter without taking even minimal parental responsibilities appears to be inconsiderate for the young girl both from the perspective of the childfree woman and the father who accepts such conditions. Moreover, the statement that women are not more pressured into having children due to the possibilities does not correlate with the previous standards in which women who did not get married and have children had almost no opportunities in society. Based on the materials I have read, I would say that being child-free is a choice that everyone can make depending on the life goals and aspirations of the person. On the one hand, a woman may be happy building a solid career and not have any desire to make changes for a child, which makes it unreasonable to have one unless love and care can be provided. On the other hand, the majority of women are still opting to have children despite the possible difficulties that correlate with motherhood, including financial, professional, and social problems. However, since every woman is different and living in a modern world means being able to make a choice, having or not having children is an individual decision that every person is to make based on their own life experiences and overviews. Works Cited Sandler, Lauren. “The Childfree Life.” Time , Time, 2013.
Motivation Issues There is no doubt that the education approaches have changed greatly in the XXI century compared to the ones that used to be major advances in the late 90ies. With a major breakthrough in both theory and practice, the pedagogy of the new era is pushing the envelope by offering new educational methodologies that tie in education and other fields. Which is even more inspiring, the latter is aimed not at distilling a perfect teaching method and the ultimate approach, but to discover as many new possibilities in education as possible. However, one thing remains unchanged – providing students with motivation for learning is still the highest priority in the teaching process. When considering the specifics of learning in the XXI century, one must mention that the key change in the Australian education system concerns the teacher-student relationships. While previously, schools followed a stereotypical model of the teacher only teaching the subject and students only attending classes, in the present-day world, the relationships between teachers and students are viewed through a more objective and pragmatic lens. One might hardly believe that the possibility of a conflict between a teacher and a student and the possible means to tackle this conflict are quite recent additions to the Australian educational program. Another issue that deserves a thorough discussion is the motivation problem. There is no secret that motivating students is the key priority in the modern education system. However, helping students become invested in a subject is far more difficult than it might actually seem. Nagel’s work offers a lot of food for thoughts concerning the driving force behind the students’ work on their school projects – or a complete lack of motivation, for that matter. Considering the phenomenon of motivation a behavioral component, the given work explores the student-teacher relationships not only as of the stereotypical disciple-and-mentor relationship but also as a process of getting to know a different person and trying to see the world through the prism of his/her principles. As Nagel explains, the essence of being a teacher is not merely making the students learn the basic information required for the curriculum, but also understanding the students, learning more about their character features and trying to address these specifics of their characters when conveying the key message of the lesson. According to Nagle, by understanding the way in which the students view reality, a teacher can develop a strategy to motivate the students for further learning and even self-education. Thus, the chapter is devoted to the exploration of the culture of a typical XXI century student, who, as it turns out, is quite different from the students of the pr
Abstract Philosophers and psychologists have for a long time been engaged in efforts that seek to study and understand the self. The paper explains the complex concept of self from both the psychological and philosophical perspectives which are actually closely related. The development of self concept in individuals is discussed in detail. The relationship between self concept and self-esteem is clearly pointed out in the paper. Furthermore, the paper elaborates the role played by self esteem in shaping behavior and self presentation in the social context. The paper concludes that self concept/self-esteem plays a major role in determining how people perceive and behave individually and collectively. Introduction Human beings are endowed with the ability to have ideas, awareness, and attitudes about themselves. The understanding of the self in relation to a multitude of characteristics has been studied by researchers in various fields. Most researchers in psychology and philosophy have come up with their understanding of the “self” as a concept and how it influences an individual’s character in general (Huitt, 2009). This paper provides a definition of self concept and how it is developed. It discusses how an individual’s self-esteem and behavior is influenced by the perception of the self. The paper also explains how self concept greatly determines how a person presents himself or herself. Definition The self as a term has been defined by many psychological and philosophical researchers. A general perspective of the self refers to the reflective awareness by an individual as the object under consideration (Fiske, 2010). The philosophy of self is the understanding of salient characteristics that distinguish an individual from the rest. Philosophers regard the self as the ultimate source of an individual’s awareness as a unitary being. The self is believed to be responsible for a person’s ideas and resultant actions that are characteristic of the individual. Psychologists, on the other hand, understand self as a mental and affective perception of oneself (Huitt, 2009). Psychological researchers regard the self as having a great influence on a person’s motivation, affection, knowledge, as well as an individual’s identity in social contexts (Bandura, 1997). Self-concept The self plays a major role in the development of other distinct characteristics of an individual. Self-concept, for instance, refers to the general perception that a person has about himself or herself in relation to such defining characteristics as gender roles and sexuality, cultural identity, and so on (Fiske, 2010). Self concept, therefore, can be defined as the actual content of a person’s self, their unique character and being. A related term, self a
The branch of engineering that has close resemblance to well engineering is the petroleum engineering. Free Dictionary (2009) defines petroleum engineering as “The application of almost all types of engineering to the drilling for the production of oil, gas, and liquefiable hydrocarbons and is subdivided into the branches of petro physical, geological, reservoir drilling, production, well and construction engineering”. The complexity and technicality of petroleum engineering has increased over the years and today involves the extraction of oil in very complex situations most of which are near there depletion levels. While this class of engineer faces a lot of challenges, the advancement in computer technology, improved job related materials, the analysis of probability and the inventions of important technologies of enhanced oil recovery and horizontal drilling have made their job easier. This class forms one of the best paid engineering disciplines. Lawndirt (2009) illustrates that “In a June 4th, article, reported “that Petroleum Engineering was the 24th best paying job in the United States” Roles and responsibilities of a well engineer Well engineering is on the other hand is the profession in petroleum engineering that deals with the design, construction, drilling and the general maintenance of oil and gas wells drilled during the a gas or an oil extraction. “Working closely with Petroleum and Production Engineers, Geoscientists and contractors, they ensure the best technical, commercial and environmental ways are found to connect the subsurface hydrocarbons with the surface and export facilities” (Shell, 2009 ). Well engineering is a complex field that requires adequate training to ensure that all the technical aspects of this field are properly understood. A well engineer is responsible in handling a large number of responsibilities during the extraction of oil or gas. This includes the overall development and facilitation of strategies that involve the contracting plans, formulation, evaluation and negotiation of contracts that relate directly to the provision, handling and maintenance of well services. A thorough knowledge in understanding and accurately evaluating the aspects of well economics and must have an active role in the proposing and recommending technically capable suppliers and contractors in the provision of well services. In addition to the above, a well engineer must be able to understand and undertake the process of subsurface data gathering before the drilling process, undertake the process of safety and environmental management procedures that conform to the guidelines of environmental regulations. A deep knowledge in the optimization of well construction, well maintenance and the operations that involve the process of abandonment of used wells are also essential to a well engineer. The work of designing and drilling of wells must strictly conform to the accepted industry technical criteria and the regulations that govern this engineering field so that the set goals are realized in a cost reduced manner. In the execution of well design process and activities, a number of techn
The article reviewed for this paper was posted on Natural News online portal on the 7th of September 2014. The title of the article is “United Nations: Eating insects is good for health, can create job opportunities” and it was written by Michelle Raw, a natural health researcher. Summary The author of the article explores the advantages of the addition of insect-based products into the diet of contemporary Americans. Raw notes that insects are extremely healthy and nutritious food sources. The author emphasizes that insects are very rich in protein and iron; besides, some species could replace milk according to their calcium content (Raw par. 7, 10). The author adds that the United Nations currently have a list including 1900 kinds of edible insects. The organization plans to raise public interest in insect-based products and their flavors. Raw also maintains that farming and consumption of insects is cheaper and more eco-friendly than farming animals and poultry for food. Besides, it would lead to new job creation opportunities. Finally, the author reviews ideas concerning the introduction of insect-based products to the Western society which include the production of bars containing exoskeleton, using the name “sky prawns” for locusts, and creating cricket chips called “Chirps” (Raw par. 9, 11). Response In my opinion, the article is very futuristic and progressive. The contemporary world inevitably moves towards the exhaustion of its natural resources, which currently is one of the most frequently discussed ecological issues. This is why the search for new resources and eco-friendly methods of their acquisition is rather popular. Insects are known to be a healthy source of protein and other nutrients necessary for a balanced diet of human beings. This makes them a highly promising future food source. At the same time, while the theory is screaming about the use of edible insects, the practical introduction of this food source stumbles upon the extremely negative attitude towards insects in the West. The vast majority of Americans is disgusted by insects and would refuse even to touch them, let alone consume them as a meal. Insects are generally perceived as dirty, unsanitary, ugly and scary. As for the job creation opportunity, insect farming for sure would add some vacancies to the labor market, but we must not forget that if insects become a popular food source, many animal farms could go out of business and increase the national unemployment rates. Besides, farming insects do not require much effort. Insects breed very quickly and do not need any particular care. Insect-farms in Asia just contains multiple huge tanks with insects and a couple of workers keeping an eye on them. This way, insect farming does not seem to have a chance to become a well-paid career field. Finally, I agree that farming insects are an eco-friendly practice, but transforming them into products appreciated by the Western consumers might not be as safe. Eating insects is convenient in Asia, where they are fried with the addition of spices and sold right in the streets. In the West, processing, shaping, packin
Introduction Amnesty International is an autonomous organization which is concerned with human rights all over the world. Its members work together to improve human rights in their regions. The Amnesty International movement was started in 1961, and it currently has 2.2 million members and supporters who are located within 150 countries. Where human rights have been violated, either physically or mentally, Amnesty International will initiate actions which demand justice for the victims. The members will use pressure through public demonstrations and direct lobbying to exert pressure on the governments and organizations that have violated human rights. Human rights violations that the organization defends include and its not limited to; abolishing capital punishment, torturing of crime suspects, promotion of economic and cultural rights of the marginalized, protection of those who defend human rights, protection of refugees and asylum seekers and the rights of children and any other activities that may be considered to interfere with human rights (Amnesty International USA, 2010). There are various ways in which Amnesty protects children’s rights. This essay will emphasize on the role of Amnesty International as relating to children’s rights. The devastating Hurricane Katrina in 2005 left a lot of damage to its victims. Most of these victims have had their human rights violated as they were left homeless and lacked basic needs which include proper health care and basic education for the children victims. This paper will discuss the role Amnesty International which is has been playing to retain human dignity to the Hurricane Katrina victims. Amnesty International on Children’s Rights Amnesty International advocates for fights against the children’s rights violations in various ways which includes; children soldiers, the right to education and prohibition of early marriages. Amnesty’s fighting for children’s rights is in the same line with UNICEF’s Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is an international legally binding instrument, which was ratified in 1989 specifically to support children’ rights, as it had been decided that children (under 18 years) needs special attention and they to had special human rights needs. The Convention has four core principles which are; “non-discrimination, devotion to the best interests of the child, the right to life, survival and development and respect for the views of the child”. The Convention has set standards which are applied in the protection of the children’s rights. Education,