ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Addressing the Needs of Culturally Diverse Students: What Must Be Taken into Account Key Issues: Culture-Specific Learning Styles, the Identity Crisis, and Language Barriers A culturally diverse environment requires a lot of flexibility, as well as the crucial skills of cross-cultural communication. Despite the development of numerous teaching strategies that are supposed to invite learners to participate actively in the activities of a diverse academic environment, some learners may feel uncomfortable because of a range of factors. For example, the cultural specifics of learners with different backgrounds may imply that their learning styles are different from the ones of the rest of the students (e.g., more emphasis should be put on visual elements in the course of the lesson,). Furthermore, students may need simple English vocabulary as EFL learners, which may be hardly possible given the complex topic of the lesson. Finally, the fact that learners need to retain their cultural identity, at the same time accommodating in the new environment, needs to be brought up (Rahimi & Chabok, 2013). Curriculum for Addressing the Problems: Preventing Misunderstandings, Using Compromise-Based Negotiation Styles, and Designing an Individual Approach When considering the curriculum approach that will help learners acquire the necessary skills, including the language-related ones, and at the same time retain their identity, one should consider using the behavioral-rational approach. Given the fact that shaping the learners’ behaviors and attitudes toward the issue of cross-cultural communication needs to be shaped, the identified framework is completely justified. It is suggested that the students should be provided with essential information about the specifics of the target cultures, the concept of cultural identity, and cross-communication skills. The devices for delivering the necessary information and training the required qualities will include games (Grades 1-3), discussions, and research projects on the subject matter (Grades 4-12). It is expected that the students will be able to engage in the cross-cultural communication process successfully, resolve conflicts efficiently, and retain their cultural identity. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Framework: Time Constraints and the Related Issues The identified approach creates the foil for the students’ further personal and academic growth, allowing them to build relationships with others based on the principles of equality. Thus, their opinions will remain unbiased. However, the framework requires an elaborate teaching strategy that will take a significant amount of time and resources for research (unless the teacher is familiar with the learners’ cultures). Gender-Associated Concerns and How They Can Be Managed: above the pr
There are many well-known speeches performed by politicians, sportsmen, and other notable people. However, there are only several addresses that are considered to be the most famous in the entire history of the United States of America. The following paper is intended to discuss and explain why the first inaugural speech of Franklin Roosevelt, the retirement announcement made by Lou Gehrig, John Kennedy’s inauguration address, and Martin Luther’s “Dream” disclosure are considered to be the most meaningful oratorical performances in the USA history. Discussion There is no doubt that Franklin Roosevelt was one of the greatest presidents of America. As he said in his inaugural speech, “first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself — nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance” (Katznelson, 2015, p. 236). It is a well-known fact that the country was facing an economic crisis in 1933. This address set the philosophy and showed the audience the president’s ruling agenda for the next 12 years of governing the strongest country in the world (Rung, 2017). The words said by Roosevelt changed the mentality of the Commonwealth’s population. Therefore, it can be claimed one of the most influential speeches in the world. Lou Gehrig was a professional baseball player who had to retire in 1939 due to his permanent disease of sclerosis (Xia, Gao, Lu, & Ye, 2016). During his last game, the player addressed his fans to reveal the truth about his adverse health conditions. When Gehrig took the microphone, he said that he considered himself the luckiest man on Earth (Morgan, 2015). Indeed, this address showed all the fans of “The Iron Horse” that their support was essential for the player. However, Gehrig stressed on the fact that he could not continue his professional career anymore. This speech is referred to by contemporary baseball players, which demonstrates its importance for sportspeople. It would be proper to state that the inaugural speech performed by John Kennedy in 1961 is considered to be one of the most sophisticated and influencing addresses in the entire world due to its structure and premise. The president told people not to ask what their country can do for them, but to ask what they can do for the USA (Stevenson, 2014). This performance is so special today because John Kennedy analyzed the audience he addressed before preparing the speech. Nowadays, this is the first rule of rhetorical effort. It is necessary to state that the television was only developing by that time. Therefore, the speaker had to make a precise overview of people’s values to capture their hearts. Another famous speech in the history of America was made by Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1963. The number of listeners who came to the Lincoln Memorial that day amounts to 250 000
Gender issues are one of those concerns that will, probably, never go away. However, over the past few decades there has been a considerable progress in redefining the role of a woman in the contemporary society. Claiming that women have never been given the chance of becoming equal to men would be quite a stretch, though. Despite the obvious chauvinist principles ruling the Medieval society, in his Franklin’s Tale, Chaucer introduced the readers to the principle of marital equality, which, clearly being ahead of its time, raises some issues regarding male and female family roles, thus, questioning the family institution: “Women, by nature, desire liberty” (Chaucer, n. d., line 768, in The Franklin’s tale ). Perhaps, one of the most famous responses to the issue in question, Kittredge’s argument regarding the role of a woman in marriage and family life glorifies Franklin’s idea of marriage as a union in which the coupe shares equal rights and responsibilities, with Arveragus deciding to “content himself with the mere name of sovereignty” (Kittredge, 1912, p. 12). Speaking of Kittredge’s interpretation of the tale told by Chaucer, it is worth mentioning that the way in which Kittredge defines the moral of the story is not the only possible way of understanding Chaucer’s tale; in fact, there are impressive pieces of evidence regarding the fact that Chaucer was actually in favor of patriarchy as the key to marriage problems. Indeed, when considering the tale closer, one will find out that it contains a number of elements pointing at the necessity for one of the spouses (the wife, in the given case) to follow the lead of another one. For example, it is Arveragus, who decides what is to be of Dorigen, and whether she should stay with him or be true to her word and marry her suitor. It is remarkable that, in fact, the given decision is to be made solely by Dorigen – Arveragus, quite on the contrary, has very little to do with the given conflict, and the bet that his wife made with her suitor barely concerns him. Nevertheless, Arveragus decides what his wife should do and what her moral duties are, even though her moral choices could not concern him less. Therefore, Chaucer’s tale can also be viewed as a re-enhancement of the traditional patriarchal concept of a family, with the husband being the leader. The aforementioned argument against marital sovereignty, at least in the context of the given tale, therefore, begs the question whether gender equality is actually a viable concept. Apart from gender issues, the fable offers a lot of food for thoughts in terms of ethics and moral code, being told from a neutral perspective of the so-called Franklin: “because I am an unlearned man” (Chaucer, n. d., line 716, in The Franklin’s prologue ). It is remarkable that there is no antagonist in the story – there are merely a bunch of people who have misunderstood each other. In the realm of the Medieval epoch, Dorigen’s
Introduction Because of the negative factors that have the most deplorable impact on most people nowadays, positive psychology as a means of letting a certain amount of positive emotions into people’s lives is absolutely inevitable. Once considering the specifics of one’s character and realizing the issues that prevent the given person from efficient work and the relaxation, one can come up with specific ideas on how to improve the existing situation. With the help of the given chronicles, the mechanisms of people’s emotions and the change in the latter can be approached. Thus, analyzing the peculiarities of people’s strengths, one is likely to come to certain conclusions about the role of positive psychology in the modern life and its impact on people. Positivity Ratio Assessment Allowing me to assess the emotional state that I am most often in, the given activity offers rather fruitful discoveries concerning my own character and the main features of the temper. Although the given test suggests only the figures that imply quite concise information, the Positivity Ratio Assessment is a perfect way to learn if the situation requires certain improvement. The Positivity Ratio Assessment allowed me to evaluate the degree of positivity in my vision of the world. Providing a statement and offering me to evaluate how close to the truth the given statements are, the test allows to single out certain features of my character. The test helped me to figure out how positive my thinking is. It is important to mark that in the given assignment, it is quite essential that five variations of answering the question are offered so that the results of the test could be more precise and, therefore, more credible. However, it is still worth keeping in mind that, even answering the questions of the test, one might not be sincere enough. According to the obtained results, the score equals 1.17, which means that certain improvements should be made. Positioned as the “tipping point” (Fredrickson 2009) of the test, score 1.17 presupposes that certain progress towards a more positive life perception can be made. Satisfaction with Life Scale I must mark that Satisfaction with Life Scale questionnaire presupposes much more room for specific clarifications and comments on each of the questions, and, thus, a larger variety of results. The score that was the result of answering each of the questions made 31, since the points from 1 to 6 were labeled as “Strongly Agree” (as cited in Snyder, Lopez & Pedrotti, 2011, p.130), while the last question concerning the changes that could have been made in my life a
Organization of the conference is hard work, and the main participants there are the panelists, a moderator, and coordinator. Each of these parties has particular responsibilities to perform before the conference starts, and those include such aspects as efficient communication, answering the last-minute questions and clarifying all details. The communication between the panelists is essential for a successful conference. Although each of them acts individually and represents their own topic, a panel is one learning session, not three, five, or seven of them. Therefore, all panelists’ ideas should be combined in a logical way. That does not mean that the panelists should talk on the same topic and agree on everything – diverse and controversial questions will only make a panel more interesting. Nevertheless, the main focus should be clear for everyone. To ensure this, panelists should not only send the copies of their works to their moderator, which is required to do at least five working days before the conference but show those to other panelists as well (“Panelist/Presenter Responsibilities” par. 2). The participants can also share their presentations. They can contact each other via email or even organize a meeting through Skype to discuss the most important aspect of the conference together. If the panelists are familiar with each other’s works, they will be ready for discussion and answering the questions and will feel confident and comfortable. That will consequently make the session more pleasant for the audience. The moderator’s role is equally important. A day before the conference, a moderator has to make sure that he has the correct names and surnames of the panelists and can pronounce them rightly. The same should be done regarding their topics. Since a moderator needs to represent each of the participants, he has to know a little information about them, which is why the communication between a moderator and panelists is essential as well. Another important aspect that moderators are responsible for is time. They should understand the panelists’ points and distribute time accordingly to those. During the conference, each of the panelists should have the exact amount of time promised to them, which is why a day before a panel all of them should be clearly informed about how much time they have. For a moderator, it would be helpful to have a “cheat sheet” with all names, surnames, topics, and timing (Romkema and Culliton 1). It is better to print it in a large font so that the needed information can be easily found. Along with it, he should also prepare the list of questions that will help to encourage lively debates and discussions. Finally, a day before the conference, a moderator can meet with the panelists, show a conference room to them, explain the stages of a panel and clarify the remaining details. The primary coordinator’s job is to ensure that the panelists and their moderator are communicating with each other. That is why the day before the conference, he has to inform these tw
The computers at our organization have been giving us problems, the problems we have been experiencing with our computers have made us to look for a solution and we had to look for a better computer model. There are a number of things I had to consider when deciding on which model to purchase. I have taken into account the practicality of usage of the computers, durability, attractiveness, maintenance services and the worldwide reputations as well. I finally decided on the Dell because it has a good temperature control system and virus security which is excellent for the work our organization is involved in. Introduction In a company which employs many people, there a number of issues which affect the performance of the workers and therefore contribute towards improving the morale of the employees for the job they may be doing. Apart from the salaries they are given, the other factors that affects the employee’s performance is the work condition. This may be in terms of the equipment they use for the job, that is how efficient, effective, how good are they for doing the job. Currently in our department we have been using some computers which have had problems of overheating and shutting down anyhow. This problem of overheating has really taken away our morale due to the many problems this usually cause for us as we usually lose data when this happens. This made me to look into and compare the different models of computers which can be good for the kind of work we do. I did this by making comparisons of features of the models from different manufacturers. The main Factors that I considered when looking for the models to buy are: After going through the websites of different computer manufacturers and sending enquiries as to the features of their computers, I decided to pick on Dell (XPS ONE) due to:  1. Practicality of computer- The Apple, though uses a different operating system from windows and is not so wisely used, and the users would need new training to use it, has proven to be more user friendly. Dell, like HP use the popular windows. Apart from this, Apple’s and Dell’s security against viruses is much better. This is excellent for the company.  2. Computers Longevity and aesthetics– the Dell is a long lasting and strong computer. Its monitor and Central Processing Unit comes in various sleek attractive shapes and colors.  3. Service Availability- it is easy to get the replaceable parts for it since it is very popular. Apart from this there is excellent customer service hotline, online services, remote diagnostics and online customer feedback base.  4. Reputation- Dell and Apple computers have a solid international reputation. This has been built due to the excellent services they give their customers.  5. Costs- in comparison to the costs of the other computers in terms of purchase and transport to our premises, the software and hardware update, Apple will cost the company more than the other computers, followed by Dell. This is due to its excellent featur
People often disagree with the decisions of governments and protest to defend their positions. There are different forms of protest, ranging from posts on social media platforms to demonstrations involving millions of citizens. In 2020, a multitude of massive public protests occurred around the world, including the United States. Many people argue whether demonstrations are the most effective form of protest or not and present reasonable arguments. Without any doubt, this discussion is worth deep consideration, as it concerns everyone and is extremely relevant. Without any doubt, I belong to the proponents of demonstrations as the way to present public opposition due to various reasons. First, demonstrations make people politically active and help to get minority voices heard. Unfortunately, numerous individuals are not aware of political problems until they see demonstrations on the street. They do not follow political leaders on social media and neither watch nor read the news. However, some of them solely lack the knowledge to understand complex issues deserving some expertise and are unwilling to invest much time and effort in figuring out how the whole system works. Nevertheless, most individuals have their own precise positions regarding same-sex marriages, police brutality, and minority rights. Therefore, when they discover that government policies oppose their views, they involve in demonstrations and become more politically active. In addition, everyone can express their position despite their race, socioeconomic status, and religion; thus, minority voices get heard. Second, petitions and posts on social media are not as effective as demonstrations in sending signals to policymakers. They often pay little attention or even ignore such forms of oppo
Immigration President Barack Obama once said, “we didn’t raise the Statue of Liberty with her back to the world” (“Immigration” par. 1). American public policy welcomes immigrants because “generations of immigrants have made this country into what it is” (“Immigration” par. 1). However, in recent years, the US immigration system has been broken, and now, more than ten million people in the US live in the shadow. To deal with this problem, Barack Obama has decided to take three actions. Firstly, he is going to secure the borders to make sure that if an individual is trying to enter the country illegitimately, he or she will be caught. Secondly, people who jeopardize public safety are to be deported. Finally, he has contributed to the accountability of undocumented immigrants. The article is brief and precise. Besides, as far as it is published on the official site of the White House, it provides people with reliable information only. The Affordable Care Act The Affordable Care Act was signed and entered into force in order to strengthen American medicine in general and Medicare in particular. This act provides people with “the stability and flexibility they need to make informed choices about their health” (“About the Law” par. 1). Its main strengths are the coverage for young adults, the absence of limitations because of pre-existing conditions in child healthcare, a guarantee of the right to appeal, better insurance coverage, etc. As the practice shows, people rarely read the whole law because it usually takes a lot of time. In view of this, the article is useful since it provides readers with brief and structured information regarding the differences that The Affordable Care Act makes. Besides, the Full Law is available at the same site. Marijuana Legalization and Regulation Marijuana legalization is one of the most topical issues of drug policy in the United States. Many people think that the prohibition of marijuana should be abolished, and cannabis products should be “regulated in a manner similar to alcohol and tobacco” (“Marijuana Legalization and Regulation” par. 1). The article shows at what stage the movement to legalize marijuana is at the current moment, and what has already been done for effective regulating, standardization, and testing of marijuana in areas where it is legal. For example, to guarantee safety and quality, “cannabis products sold to consumers should include cannabinoid profiles” (“Marijuana Legalization and Regulation” par. 8). The article contains useful and reliable information on the topic, gives historical and statistical data. Death Penalty Disparities The death penalty policy is a huge part of the Criminal Justice of the United States. The recent study conducted by Frank Baumgartner and Tim Lyman in Louisiana revea
The popularity of British ideology was not unified. It was habitually grassed with enormous uncertainties and obsession. Though, the onset of the 20th century illustrated the British Empire obsessed with acquiring extensive colonies abroad “… annex new territories overseas” (Dunae, 2008,p.112). According to George (2006), however, acquiring of these colonies was not easy; it was beleaguered by qualm, thus; these qualms sneaked into deliberation of British royal program. British were tasked with the challenge of maintaining the flouting warnings of modern social opponents who viewed substantiation everywhere of its civilization diminish. They categorically cautioned of social and cultural deterioration, gender assault, hostility and opposition, colonial revolution and class cessation (Georgia, 2006). These fears were distinct, for while social, gender, race and colonial precincts and identities were in place, in the 20th century; the British precincts untying them were delicate and thawing. Thus, an initiative crafted to disintegrate the doubts through royal tales. The Boys’ Literature and the Idea of Empire, 1870- 1914 , one of the adventures literatures tried to argue that; boys as the role model of Britons “are you proud to be a Briton?” (Dunae, 2008, p.111). According to Dunae, (2008, p.105), every British boy born notion, Kestner asserts that they were restricted in publicly talking against the British Empire, if noted; severe punishment was executed (2010, p.157). Dunae appears to be factual to his arguments during the 19th century, and early 20th century, a larger proportion of British youth were unquestionably conscious of their heroic tradition (2008, p.106). This was strengthened by early exposure to British Imperialistic notions in; schools, recreational associations and church among other places. Consequently, narratives and other printed publications portrayed the supremacy of young British nationalists with enticing assortments of imperialistic notions. Overtime, the philosophies of publications of Boy’s literature and the empire fixed the progression of British imperialism across the world. The period of adventure fictions concurred with the intensifying importance of British influence abroad (Dunae, 2008, p.106). The literatures published thus, served as a theoretical platform to infuse British ideolo