ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Part One The cartoon would be used for the employer within the workplace. The comic presents two people, whereby one with spectacles is the company manager, whereas the other one is the employee. The worker looks to be deeply stressed maybe by the organization or family-based issues, whereas the supervisor is trying to communicate with him. Understandably, it is the manager that called the worker to have a private conversation in his office. Thus, the cartoon develops a comprehension among employers regarding dialogue and excellent communication within the workplace to reduce stress. According to Zhao et al. (2020), leaders have higher chances of curbing tension through regular and meaningful communication. Arguably, it is worth noting that it develops a sense of belongingness among the workers when employers communicate with the employees. A staff member feels that the corporation cares for their well-being, creating the required morale to perform their duties diligently. In other words, when employers are eager to understand the exact issue that s troubling their employees, it increases a sense of satisfaction among workers. Therefore, the cartoon informs the employer that communication is crucial since it reduces employee tension. Additionally, the cartoon reduces tension in the workplace since it gives the employer a chance to advise the specific worker. When the organization management realizes that an employee has developed stress, it is their responsibility to ensure that they counsel them until they get rid of the stress. Kim et al. (2015), opine that guidance from an organization’s top management can reduce depression among the employees and subsequently maintain a lower turnover rate. As mentioned earlier, the employer’s act of calling their juniors to the office and having a concrete conversation regarding what is affecting them psychologically makes the workers comfortable, relieved, and appreciated by the specific company. The employees feel part of the organization, hence not quitting their occupations soon. Consequently, the corporation develops a concrete workforce with excellent expertise, delivering quality services and products, and subsequently increasing customer satisfaction. Thus, the animation informs the employer that understanding and solving the employees’ stresses and concerns reduces the turnover rates. The cartoon targets the employees as its audience within the workplace. Descriptively, the animation exemplifies the boss’s confirmation from the worker regarding why he is afraid to ask for time off. The graphic urges the employees to ask for time off whenever they feel stressed while in the workplace. Arguably, going for a vacation plays a critical role in reducing the stress levels among the employees. Vollmer and Tysiac (2017) allude that a vacation rejuvenates the lost strength and makes individuals develop a back-to-work formula. The cartoon urges workers to be comfortable asking for a leave of absence whenever they feel exh
Introduction More than five decades have passed since the monumental occurrences of the Watershed Civil Rights Movement (CRM) of the 1950s and 1960s in the United States. This period was marked with events that challenged racial prejudice against African-Americans before and after the start of the twentieth century. The Black Americans agitated against inequality, oppressive laws and racial segregation that was rampant across the United States. Martin Luther King, among other personalities, organized mass protests and gave major speeches calling for allowing African American equal access to basic rights and privileges. These events culminated in the constitutional and legislative changes that guarantee equal rights and access to privileges to all Americans, regardless of skin color or race. While equal rights for all were fought for during the civil rights movement, its impact on the Black American community still remains debatable. The Impact of the Civil Rights Movement The African-Americans were at the center of the civil rights movements in the US. Their struggle for their rights culminated into the legislation that helped them gain social, economic, and political equality in the American society. The fight for political rights was one of the most critical platforms for the mass movement in the 1950s and 1960s (D’Angelo 533). In the 1870s, the American constitutional amendments granted the right to vote to all Americans irrespective of gender, color, and race. This amendment did not ensure that minority groups could vote since many states especially in the south, adopted different techniques to block the Black Americans from exercising their political and constitutional rights. The freedom to vote for all Americans became central in the civil rights movements, and one of its successes was the legislation that culminated in the enactment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. It prohibited discrimination along race, color, and language lines. The Act and its subsequent amendments also provide other jurisdictions that protect voting and political rights of minority groups in the United States (D’Angelo 537). The major impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which was a product of the modern civil right movement, is the dismantling of the obstacles that Black Americans encountered in exercising their constitutional right for voting. Its first achievement was that Black Americans enjoyed the possibility to be registered as voters in the country. Secondly, the Black Americans participated freely in elections. The number of registered Black American voters has increased over the years. Furthermore, the Voting Rights Act encouraged political participation of Black Americans. The number of the Black candidates who contest for political seats in the country has significantly increased over the years. The number of African American representatives in cities and towns across the country has also grown. The unprecedented elections of President Barrack Obama as the first Black American to hold the oval office in 2008, and his re-election in 2012, underscore the impact and the significance of the civil rights movements for African
Evolution of the internal-combustion Engine An engine where processes of burning fuel takes place within an enclosed room, emitting gases that increase due to pressure that in turn supply energy, qualifies to be an internal combustion engine. The history of combustion engines dates back in the year 1680 when Christian Huygens, a Dutch physicist experimented with them (Daniels, 2003). In 1859, saw the success of development of an effective gasoline powered engine. The French engineer, Etienne Lenoir developed a double-acting, spark ignition engine that did not experience interruptions. In 1862, a French scientist, Alphonse Beau De Rochas, improved on Lennoir’s invention but failed to develop a four-stroke engine. A successful four-stroke engine emerged sixteen years later after Nikolaus Otto’s hard work. This engine became known as Otto cycle. Another success was the two-stroke engine that Dougald Clerk completed in the same year Joseph Day improved it to a commercial success to date. In 1875, George Bryton, an American engineer tried a hand on two-stroke engine that would utilize kerosene but failed as a result of its slow pace and size (Junge, 2010). Gottlieb Daimler in 1885 built a smaller and fast paced version of the modern gas engine that had a vertical cylinder and consumed gasoline forced via the carburetor. After four years, the same American engineer invented a four-stroke engine assuming a mushroom-shaped valves and double cylinders positioned in a V-shape with a higher ratio of power to that of weight. This engine did not have the electric ignition until 1924 when inventions of one proved possible. However, gasoline engines in use today can trace their origins from Daimler’s engines. American Designs of electric powered vehicles France and the Great Britain reinforced the notion of the electric powered cars in the late 1800s. The idea of developing these automobiles became a reality when Belgium assembled electric sports car that bore the name La Jamais Contente that made a world record of 68 mph for pace on land, with Camille Jénatzy taking credit for its design (Bellis, 2012). In 1895, the Americans directed their interest to these inventions of electric vehicles. This was after success trials of electric tricycles through A.L. Ryker’s works and William Morrison who developed a wagon for six passengers in 1891. Afterwards, many inventions of electric-powered vehicles cropped up, but of them all, William Morrison’s design of electric powered vehicles with the capacity to accommodate passengers took credit. In 1897, the Philadelphia electric and Wagon Company built a fleet of taxis in New York City th
Introduction After Barrack Obama became the first African American president, many people believed that his presidency signaled that the United States made good on the promise of racial equality. However, now the country experiences a major disparity due to racial discrimination. The disproportionate incarceration of the African American men justifies the existence of a racial caste system in the United States, something that threatens the achievements made by the Civil Rights Movement. This paper develops Michelle Alexander’s argument for seeing more African American men under the US criminal justice system as evidence of a racial caste system. Race and Politics in the United States According to Sweet, a caste system refers to a social structure whereby heredity determines the classes of people (26). Under the system, individuals from a poor class will always remain poor. Alexander believes that the current American society is an example of a caste system, and the African Americans face discrimination due to the country’s criminal justice system. Many African American men are unable to vote today. This happens after they are labeled felons in the United States. Although many people suggest that Obama’s presidency has helped to reshape the issue of racial equality in the country, the agreeable fact is that the country has a long way to go (Alexander 1). What has happened is that the aspects of racial discrimination have simply evolved. Many African Americans are subject to new forms of discrimination and oppression, which portrays the racial caste system existing in the country. The end of Jim Crow only signified the structure of America’s society. The new Jim Crow is evident today because the country uses colored people as “scapegoats” through its criminal justice system. In America, it has become a normal trend to discriminate against African Americans. This makes it easier to label them as criminals. This is exactly that used to happen many years ago. Once a black man is considered a felon, it becomes “legal” to practice the old forms of oppression and discrimination against the individual (Alexander 4). As mentioned earlier, people of color are targeted by the criminal justice systems, which gives room to the practices the country left behind in the name of Jim Crow. The targeted “felons” are unable to vote, face employment and housing discrimination. In addition, they cannot access quality healthcare, education, and other public benefits: “Once you have been labeled a criminal, you have no rights” (Alexander 2). It could be indicated that, as a sovereign state, America has not ended its racial caste (Alexander 8). In fact, the caste system is redesigned to continue discriminating against the minority groups. After the election of President Obama, many people claimed that the election marked America’s triumph over the issue of racial caste. In the 1980s, Ronald Reagan’s administration publicized the war against crack cocaine and other illegal drugs. According to Alexander, the media presented images of blacks “crack deale
Introduction Police officers face many stressful situations in the course of their work thus causing short or long term change in their mood (Coman, Evans & Stanley 2002). They usually employ their personality and develop several characteristics during the course of their career thus assisting them in coping with stress. Having developed their own culture characterized by similar beliefs, ways of thinking and interaction skills, they look different from the ordinary citizen (Siegel 2009). It becomes a painful learning process for new recruits when they try to apply what they gathered in college. In order to appear as effective in their work, they are forced to learn the cop traditions and acquire the required traits. Police personality The police unit is structured like a pyramid in a way that the directors are at the top while junior personnel are at the bottom. The entire police department is considered as a unit and hence has its unique personality referred to as police personality (Vadackumchery 1998). Character describes the fairly dependable patterns of behavior that characterize an individual. Police officers in different departments view their task in a particular way and use specific techniques to achieve the set goals. Personality traits which are desired in new recruits are widely related to openness and companionability. The police
The movie “Jesus of Montreal” attempts to reconstitute the Jesus story in the contemporary world, and one of the principal director’s instruments in this way is an in-depth elaboration of characters, their identification with real figures that once surrounded Jesus. It is hard to discuss the movie and Bible’s correlations and not to mention Daniel as Jesus’s incarnation. At the beginning of the film, Daniel gathered the group of actors just as Jesus summoned his followers. Daniel carried his vision of art how it should be just as Jesus spread his vision of holy life. The movie abounds with numerous references to Jesus – the crash made by Daniel at Mireille’s audition (the cleansing of the Temple), the crucifixion, Daniel’s burying in a stone comb, etc. Concerning Jesus’s associates, first of all, it is necessary to single out Mary Magdalen – in the movie, Mireille represents this figure. She might be seen as a young female sinner cohabiting with rich men (as she confessed by herself, she could hardly remember anything in her life except men with BMWs and Rolexes) and getting undressed for cheap advertisement. Neither Mireille nor her lovers believed that she had a genius for acting. However, after she met Daniel and joined his acting company, her life changed dramatically – she left an unworthy man, fell in love with Daniel, and acquired a self-belief. As for direct references to Mary Magdalen’s figure, the bathroom scene can be considered as a bright example – Mireille washed Daniel just as Magdalen washed Jesus’s feet. As for another female character in the movie, Constance, she appears to represent the Blessed Virgin or Holy Mother. Constance did not have a husband, but she had a child. What is utterly important, she had an affair with Father Leclerc who embodied the mediator between Father and people – in such a way Constance’s vicinity to the Divine revealed. Moreover, she was an incredibly strong woman and the one acting fast and efficiently in the final movie’s scenes, as a mother that tried to save her child. Regarding Martin and René, it is complicated to define which Biblical characters they represent as too little attention was given to them in the movie. It is possible to suggest that Martin is identified with Saint Peter because it was Martin who was going to lead the bereaved actors’ team after Daniel’s death and to continue their work of spreading Daniel’s ideas. As for René, this character can be seen as Saint John the Evangelist – it might be concluded so because of his cool-headedness, equable temper, and rationality. For instance, he managed to stay calm even when Daniel got a head injury and was taken to the hospital: “Doing tragedy is dangerous.” Regarding supporting movie characters, it is necessary to mention the part of the Judge that the director played himself. Undoubtedly, the Judge impersonates Pontius Pilate who condemned Jesus to death. It seems that the Judge felt sympathy for Daniel, but the odds were that he had to sentence Daniel to prison. Furthermore, it is possible to remember the lawyer that Daniel met at the court. Apparently, it is Satan himself that
Introduction Individuals of Latin American origin have contributed to science and intellectual progress in many ways, including cultural research. Fernando Ortiz, an anthropologist from Cuba, is among the influential thinkers of the twentieth century. The purpose of this paper is to summarize key biographical facts about Fernando Ortiz, his famous works, recognition, and journey as a professional. Key Biographical Details The chosen Latin American intellectual’s full name is Fernando Ortiz Fernández. Commonly known as Fernando Ortiz, he was born in Havana on the sixteenth of July in 1881 (González Echevarría). Ortiz died in his native land on the tenth of April in 1969 (González Echevarría). This person passed away at the age of eighty-seven years, and his relatively long life enabled the intellectual to leave a significant cultural and research legacy. Practiced Professions As a well-educated individual of great erudition, Ortiz practiced a series of intellectually demanding professions during his life. As a young man, he commenced his professional life as a criminology specialist and a lawyer (González Echevarría; Reichardt 69). In that career, he joined the ranks of the first experts to argue for the uses of dactyloscopy by police departments and was particularly interested in exploring Havana’s Black criminals (González Echevarría). Those endeavors further refined his research interests and facilitated his growing willingness to pursue careers in writing and culture studies. Thus, in the early 1900s, he contributed to Cuba’s academic community as a researcher and a writer by working on “Los Negros Brujos” – a book on Afro-Cuban criminals’ culture and attitudes to religion (González Echevarría). During his career as an essayist and a scholar, Ortiz saturated his knowledge in different fields, including anthropology, history, linguistics, and music (González Echevarría). In 1949, he was even appointed judge of the Cuban courts (Reichardt 70). Overall, the intellectual’s professional activity was diverse and fruitful. Awards and Participation in Organizations Not much is known about formal awards that the scholar received during his lifetime, but his participation in organizations and movements was extremely productive. The lack of formal recognition could be due to his confrontation with Gerardo Machado, Cuba’s former president and dictator (Reichardt 70). More than fifty years after Ortiz’s death, he is globally known as the father of Cuban anthropology for his works on Afro-Cuban music and the role of tobacco and sugar in Cuban culture (Reichardt 70). Right after his death, the Fernando Ortiz Foundation was established in Havana to preserve the scholar’s legacy (González Echevarría). As for participation in organizations, Ortiz co-founded the Cuban Academy of the Language in the mid-1920s and the Society of Afro-Cuban Studies in 1937 (González Echevarría). He contributed to the creation of three journals, includ
Introduction The current essay deals with Afro-Latin music and dancing as the reflection of unique social and cultural values and conditions of Latin American people of African origin. Their cultural contribution to dance and ethnic music is immense and reveals some important traits of Latin cultural, religious, political and social experiences. Within the frames of current research the analysis of two contributions to dancing culture and one contribution to lyric music in a form of ballad will be provided with a particular emphasis on cultural values and social conditions that created them. Rumba The first important contribution to world culture is Rumba which is important in terms of cultural and social practices that gave birth to it. There is no denying the importance of the fact that Rumba was brought to Latin America and Cuba by African people who were used up as slaves on fruit plantations by colonizers. Hence, it should be noted that it appeared on the frontier of original African patterns of dancing and music and social experience of oppression and suffering African met in Latin America. For them the joyful and sexual meanings of Rumba were a means for lessening sufferings they met in their daily life. Rumba was often restricted and suppressed by colonial authorities as it was regarded by the dominant as dangerous for stability as it energized people and made them free from formalities etc. Rumba developed in rural Cuba where exploitation of peasants and slaves was the most intense and hence it may be said that rumba represents by large the social and cultural experiences of rural communities. It is still very popular in Mantanzas and Havana especially in areas where black communities dominate but today it intermingles with the elements from hip-hop and jazz. Salsa Another example of African-Latin dancing styles that become very wide-spread is salsa (a word referring to Mexican sauce). It has its origin in the fusion of the informal dance styles of the Caribbean and Latin regions. Besides this it should be noted that it has great influence of the African culture of music and dancing. The social roots of this dance have much in common with rumba and symbolizing the social suffering and deprivation of all subaltern people of Latin America and the Caribbean. This explains the fact why this dancing style became so much widespread among Latin immigrants in New York and other American cities. They formed ethnic and cultural communities on the borderline of American society being affected by inequality and cultural domination of American society. However they managed to keep their culture, music and dancing which serve as a means for expressing their problems and worldview. Hence, by forming a unique ethnic and social subculture the Latin immigrants to the United States share and try to overcome the hardships they meet in their daily life. Salsa is intrinsically social and community dancing as it gathers many people in the circle and creates a beautiful atmosphere of unity and the common fate of people. Frequent exchange of partners and im
Introduction After Northern Airlines and Southeast Airlines merged, the new North-South Airline inherited 737–200 aircraft, an ageing fleet of Boeing. Together with the fleet of aircraft, North-South Airline also inherited Stephen Ruth, former secretary President and chairman of the board. Stephen Ruth has a challenge of reducing costs associated with the aircraft maintenance. Since the airline is characterized by ageing aircrafts, there is need company’s new president to come up with the most effective approach of ensuring low maintenance costs of the new airline is sustained (McNeil, Embrechts, and Frey 23). With respect to the current management issue at the new North-South Airlines, the aim of this paper is to provide definition of the problem at the new North-south airline and report objective. Using a linear programming approach, this paper will establish the computations as well as quantitative methods used, this paper will arrive at a conclusion so as to give recommendations that will help in addressing the current issue. Definition of the Problem at the new North-South Airline and Report Objective