ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Under American laws, employers must provide favorable accommodation expectations concerning disability and religion (ADA Amendments Act update, 2010). Generally, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act provides that no person should be discriminated in employment on the basis of his/her sexual orientation. However, this problem continues to thrive in most conservative societies. This paper will discuss the issue of accommodation for disability and religion. The paper will also discuss the issue of discrimination against sexual identity in the US in comparison to Hong Kong. Expectations of Employers under Law The term accommodation refers to any change in a work environment that allows a person with a disability or any other condition to accessing considerations or treatments that are similar to those offered to normal persons in employment. There are, however, three types of categories involving accommodation on disability, which include a modification that enables employee with a disability to enjoy equal benefits to other employees situated in the same environment, modification of a job application process that will enable a person with a disability to have equal chance to be considered in employment, modification of circumstance or work environment that will enable a person with a disability to perform his/her tasks without any difficulties (McDonald, 2005). Additionally, there are various expectations under accommodation that people with a disability expect from their employers. First, the employee should be provided with privileges and opportunities that are similar to those normally provided to other employees in the organization. Secondly, he/she should be provided with effective accommodation that would enable him/her to meet his needs on a daily basis. Finally, the employee should have access to available equipment in workplaces to allow him/her to perform his/her duties effectively; for example, deaf or dumb persons should be provided with interpreters or qualified readers to assist them in their duties (Morales, 2007). In law, all persons have a right to exercise the religious right of their own interest as long as such rights do not interfere with other denominations (Religious Discrimination, 2008). Therefore, an employer is required to provide all the necessary facilities that would enhance freedom of religious practice to all employees without any form of discrimination (Tips for Minimizing Lawsuit Risks, 2010). Examples of Reasonable Accommodations in Private Sectors In a private company called Human Development Council (HDC), John has a psychiatric problem, which does not affect his ability to perform various tasks. Cleaning activities are done on a monthly basis, and all employees keep changing floor
Ever since the end of the Second World War, the role of the media in society has increasingly become pervasive, leading various thinkers to question how far that influence goes. Whether in rich or poor societies, democracies or dictatorships, the media has become a very powerful tool for diverse interest groups pushing partisan agendas. With the astronomical growth that science and technology has triggered during that period, the wide availability of various communication systems has made the transmission of information vastly easier and the controllers of these processes extremely powerful. A number of sectors have come under the control of elites around the world through the media, a rather worrying but common occurrence as Matheson says, “The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force” 1 . Human nature being what it is, the moment a segment of society dominates a key resource, it will not only seek to enrich itself through this resource, but also try to use the same resource as an instrument of power over the rest of society. The media has seen some of the most incredible instances of this type of behaviour and the following examples will illustrate this point. From the moment the Nazis through Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels brought Germany under complete social control, politicians have always preferred to use the media as a tool to exercise and increase their control of the masses. Goebbels took to heart the postulates advanced by Hall 2 decades later and narrowed the discourse in German media to a narrow pro-Nazi view. “We cannot be satisfied with just telling the people what we want and enlightening them as to how we are doing it… we must replace this enlightenment with an active government propaganda that aims at winning people over”, he once said 3 . “It is not enough to reconcile people more or less to our regime, to move them towards a position of neutrality towards us, we would rather work on people until they are addicted to us”‎ 4 . Goebbels methods grew in popularity later in the 20 th century; with leaders manipulating the media for all sorts of schemes ranging from simply winning public sympathy to whipping up support for wars. This approach came to a head in the case of US Senator Joseph McCarthy who made sensational claims on American TV about the infiltration of the US government by communists at a time when Cold War tensions were at their height. This earned him instant attention from the whole nation in a period when the television was growing in popularity. Even though it soon became clear that the politician had no evidence to substantiate his claims, the incident served to highlight how powerful the media
Immigration and the Related Policies: Restrictive Legislation Seeing that the drop in the percentage of White non-Hispanic Americans was largely caused by the increase in the immigration rates in the United States, as the Census’s analysis has shown, immigration became the focus of the current policies. Particularly, a set of more rigid principles regarding the immigration processes and the related issues have been introduced into the area of state policing. It is expected that the identified phenomenon is likely to have a negative impact on the professional policing as it will create premises for conflicts between the United States and the countries that require assistance in providing people with shelter and support. Furthermore, the very image of the U.S. will be distorted in case the government refuses to provide help to the population affected by war, terrorism, and other factors that compel people to immigrate to the United States (Lichter, 2013). Slowing the Population Growth Down: Reasons and Tools The increase in the number of immigrants, in its turn, is bound to have a large impact on the growth rates among the local residents. Particularly, as more people immigrate to the United States, the government may be compelled to reduce the local population growth so that the economy could remain sustainable and that no issues related to the uncontrollable population growth, such as peaking unemployment rates, should occur. Therefore, it is expected that the current trends in the U.S. population changes may cause a hiccup in the local population growth (The United States Census Bureau, 2014). The reasoning behind the
In the recent past, technology has increasingly been adopted in organizations. It assists in developing efficiency and thus customer satisfaction. The competitiveness of a business is vested on the quality of its management decisions. A number of systems that aim at meeting a certain objective in the business arena have been developed. They are either home-made or all user systems (commercial systems). One area that has gained much advocacy from the potential benefits an organization can derive from is data-resources management; data resources management involves using information and communication systems to develop a data warehouse where management can refer when making corporate decisions (Johnson, 2008). This paper discusses the effect that Data resources management has on an organization, it will use Toyota Corporation as the sample company. Data resources management Data resources management cannot be given a single definition but it entails a combination of issues and processes. They are intangible assets which are unique to different business and can be improved with experience and information interpolation. The most important factors that are considered are human assets that companies have. Human beings have different talents and capabilities; however tapping this asset requires strategic operation and management. Other than utilizing the knowledge and experience that the employees have, there is the need to use available information to grow and develop knowledge and expertise in employees. Information can be internal and external information and how well the information is utilized can result to growth of knowledge; effectiveness, and efficiency in doing business. To effectively utilize information, organizations should move from information hoarding to sharing of information that they are holding for the benefit of others; this is son despite that there are some private information that a company (Singh & Soltani, 2010). The affect of the specific technology on organizations With well organized Data resources management, there are numerous advantages that a business is likely to get. The success of a business is dependent on the quality of decisions that managers at different level make. High quality decision leads to competitive advantage. One of the most critical decisions that managers should make is one that reduces cost of production. Data resources management tools assist a company to develop a cost cutting policy by recognizing areas of inefficiency and rectifying them. With a reduced cost of production, then it can sell at a lower price than its competitors (March & Kim,1988). For example, city of Albuquerque utilized Data resources management to develop mechanisms to cut down their cell phone bill; they managed overtime and identified areas of inefficiency in their operations. The resultant was saving the city $2 million in a period of three years. Toyota in, Tokyo, Japan recognized that it was double paying its shipment in 2000. The amount that it had already double p
Introduction This theory is actually a business metaphor which uses the “boiled frog phenomenon” to try and explains why, in strategic business management the business enterprises management does not easily identify and react to the gradual threats in the organization but obviously reacts to the sudden changes. As described by Polard (2004) if you put a frog in a pot of hot water, obviously the frog jumps out of the burning water. However if the same frog is put in tepid water and the heat is turned on slowly, the water temperature increases gradually the frog calmly boils to death in a state of unconsciousness. This is because his survival threat encountered was below his ability to identify the gradual changes. In psychology, this phenomenon is also referred as sensory adaptation. Similar to the reaction of this frog, managers of business organizations tend to remain in their comfort zones unless they are compelled by sudden threats not to, otherwise they react too slow to minor issues which may lead to the collapse of the enterprise. Boiled frog phenomenon Application To achieve long-term objectives of an organization, this phenomenon is applied in the process of formulation, implementation and evaluation of cross-functional decisions before allocating resources to implement policies and plans of the project/program. This is why it is important to consider this theory in strategic management of any business organization. Therefore, it becomes the duties of the management team in every organization to point out threats at the initial stages so as to survive. This will assist the management in proper planning instead of waiting to respond to these threats. With proper planning the management will be in a better position of overcoming any threats in the company. Otherwise this may need us to reduce our threshold of change to allow usability to minor and slow changes that are occurring in our environment. Example Enron’s (the American energy company) collapse gives us a good example where this has occurred. This happened in the 1990’s when the CEO of the company had several product plans and issues of international business which required a huge financial support. On financial instability the company implemented strategies but certainly led to subsequent losses which were basically through wrong investments and partnerships. The apparent weaknesses led to bankruptcy and scandals and loss of jobs, life savings and pensions when the company collapsed (Zellner et al., 2001). Thus, examining the term ” The Boil frog Phenomenon” in business dealings particularly in the strategic business management, portrays how companies are failing to recognize slow and gradual threats within the firm but rather retort to abrupt threats and changes. By organizations focusing only on satisfying of key consumers, they fail to detect the continuous slow developing threats that the opposition is putting out there; which could play a hu
This is the process of selling public assets to private business owners under the set rules and regulations. Privatisation of state enterprises has drawbacks and merits to the business workers, entrepreneurs, the state and the consumers in the market. During the process of privatisation, there are regulations that govern the act. Advantages of privatising state enterprises Lower prices and greater supply Private sectors have enough incentives to help them reduce the cost of production compared to the public sectors. The reason to engage in business in order to realise better profit margins as in the case of private sectors forces them to reduce the production costs, which results to lower prices in the market. This has therefore made consumers access a variety of products at low prices (Kodrzycki 1994). Source of revenue to the government Through privatisation, the government receives funds for developing public projects such as the construction of roads and hospitals. The government is therefore able to obtain enough capital by selling the property rather than operating the business, which could not be making profit (Kodrzycki 1994). Competition In private sectors, there is competition, which leads to production of high quality goods and services. Private sectors are able to employ many people at the same cost compared to public organizations and this improves the work done and reduces the production cost. Competition has also enabled consumers to access a variety of products in the market since each company would want to attract customers, which is not the case in monopoly markets (Kodrzycki 1994). Due to privatisation, the government is free from the risks of management since it hands it over to the private company. The company therefore takes the responsibility of handling customers’ complaints concerning the products and services. Disadvantages Employment Due to privatisation, many employees lose their jobs or end up being paid lowly. This is because private sectors will always want to cut down the production cost to make profit and this affects the employees. At times, the government may hand over the organization to the company without clear performance specifications of the employees as well as methods of evaluating them and this may affect the employees (Kodrzycki 1994). Loss of public revenue Due to privatisation, a state can easily lose its revenue by selling their properties at a loss. Before selling the property, the states should carry out enough research to determine the future trend of the property in question in the market (Kodrzycki 1994). Privatisation has led to inadequate provision of products and services to the public. This happens when
The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, simply the Wall, was dedicated in 1982 and immediately subjected to controversy (Favorite, 2016). The architect Maya Ying Lin was the lucky winner of the design competition with more than a thousand projects, but she lost in veterans’ eyes. They deemed the Wall insufficient and bland, a shameful Wall of the war without resolution. I will discuss what makes the Wall a fitting memorial and what additions have been made to the composition to improve it. Despite the controversy, I believe the Wall serves its purpose as it showcases the war’s reality and is quite popular. The Wall attracts many visitors to commemorate the casualties of the Vietnam War. Jennifer Favorite (2016) notes that the memorial offers “a discursive space prompting its audience to question the purpose and sacrifice of war” (p. 197). I could not have said it better myself, but some will argue that this is not the purpose of a memorial, stipulating that it should have glorified the veterans and the sacrifices they made. I agree that the Wall presents a memory rather than praise. However, does not the memory of a sacrifice convey a more powerful message than the praise? “The Legacy of Service” advises visitors to perceive the Vietnam War as a conflict, not as a good war (Favorite, 2016). The lack of resolution implied by the Wall helps with such perception better than any other monument. In 1984 and 1993, two additional statues were added to the memorial, which, I believe, resolved the controversy (Favorite, 2016). The Three Servicemen statue and Vietnam Women’s Memorial both highlight the valiant contribution of soldiers, whereas the Wall offers a truthful perspective. Kirk Savage (2009) called the Wall “the capital’s first true victim monument” (as cited in Favorite, 2016, p. 197). Indeed, it commemorates soldiers as victims, making the memorial significant as a humane reminder of war’s horrors. The Wall by Maya Ying Lin is a humble memorial that is thought-provoking and brave. It draws visitors, providing them with memory and a place to understand and remember. The war is a conflict, and, ultimately, there are no good wars. Wars may be beneficial but never pretty, while people tend to make wars glorious and noble. The additions to the memorial appeal to such feelings, more or less resolving the controversy. However, the Wall is necessary to commemorate the Vietnam War without embellishments, portraying not the war of heroes but victims. Reference Favorite, J. K. (2016). “We don’t want another Vietnam”: The Wall, the Mall, history, and memory in the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Education Center. Public Art Dialogue , 6 (2), 185-205. Web.
Introduction Depending on the culture, country and time, the word woman has taken different definitions. It has been used to define the weaker gender where man is the dominant gender. In all continents, apart from Asia that is a matriarchal society, a woman was described as one who could not make decisions without consulting a man and upon consultation she needed an approval to proceed. In other words, a woman could not do anything without the help of a man whereas a man was so superior that he needed nobody’s approval. General Definition of a Woman A woman was defined right from the time she was a young girl by her duties. Her play toys were characterized by dolls, which symbolized an aspect of giving birth and taking care of children. She was being molded to be a house wife and the kind of skills she learnt included sewing, weaving and embroidery, which were typical of any good woman. As a grown-up woman, her responsibilities involved taking care of the family wealth though none of it belonged to her. There was no much difference between a young girl and a grown-up woman, both of them were considered more like children, the difference was stature and age. In fact, in some societies, a woman and children were considered the same. Domestic violence was nothing to worry about as a woman was considered to deserve a beating whenever she went wrong. Family Definition of a Woman A family woman was defined by child bearing and the number of children she bore. A man was at liberty to marry another woman if he was not satisfied with one woman. It was believed to be a woman’s responsibility to control who she gave birth to, and she was blamed for that without the man considering biological factors of chromosomes. A woman who got a co-wife was neglected, and she had to feed her children through whichever means. She was expected to give birth to as many children as she could, which was a symbol of wealth to the husband. In the family, a woman did all the house work from taking care of the children to taking care of the animals. It was expected of her to cook, wash and bring up the children responsibly. If one of the children became unruly, it was blamed on her as being a poor parent hence the child was considered to be a mother’s child. She was to take the children to school, follow-up on their assignments, attend all the school meetings and be a good time keeper. For a woman, there was a dictated behavior that was expected of her. When called by a man, she was expected to respond and talk in a way that portrayed humility. A woman was not allowed to stay for long in a place where men were talking since she could not be trusted with information. In the Asian culture, educating the girl child was a waste of finances and precious time. She was meant to grow up and be married off to anybody who showed interest in her. In all the decisions, she was never involved; her part was to obey orders from her father, her brothers and the elders. In case marriage did not work, maybe the