ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Philosophically many issues have a close relationship to truth, whereby they either follow theories of truth or mean theories regarding truth. It is never easy to exactly determine what truth is due to many controversies that arise depending on the field of study. This is to say, depending on prevailing metaphysical conditions, truth has varying meanings, which primarily depend on a specific case, body of knowledge, reality of things, or standards. Before stating that something or some occurrences are true, it is important for all individuals to ask themselves the following questions; what are the building blocks of truth?, which mechanisms are good for identifying truth?. In addition, it is important for individuals to ask themselves where their definition of truth falls. This is to say, is their definition of truth complete, relative, subjective or objective? This paper will discuss the degree to which truth is different in mathematics, ethics and arts. Truth Depending on prevailing conditions, different individuals have varying definitions of what truth means. Truth encompasses qualities such as allegiance, sincerity, fidelity, and authenticity. Truth does depend on what single individuals or an entire community knows, but rather it depends on what holds theoretically. These theories are formal, substantive or minimalist. Examples of these practical theories include the consensus theory, correspondence, pragmatic, coherence, and the constructive theory (Prior pp.223-224). Truth in Mathematics In most cases, individuals take mathematics as the clearest discipline, but as any other field of knowledge (philosophically), it has associated problems. To understand the nature of mathematics, it is necessary for individuals to question the real nature of mathematics’ existence. In addition, individuals also must ask themselves, what most mathematical propositions mean, owing to the fact that in most cases these propositions seem to lack meaning. On the other hand, many mathematical concepts have varying features depending on what an individual centres on; hence need to include these concepts before ascertaining the truth in mathematics. For example, to say that an axiomatic-deductive formula is true, then individuals must endeavour to deduce a mechanism of proving such a formula under specific prevailing conditions. In this regard, one can say that such a proof of applied formulae falls within the set classic logic standards if it is provable. It is important to note also that, such a definition of truth is natural, hence takes less consideration of mathematical objects but lays emphasis on syntax (Lemanska p. 1). For proper understanding of truth in
Summary Data collated from a series of international studies help reveal that subtitled television programs can be a significant tool in foreign language acquisition. In one particular study, researchers wanted to find out if incidental language acquisition is possible if children are exposed to subtitled television programs. In order to answer this query, researchers created an experimental design, wherein three different groups of children were exposed to three different experimental conditions. In the first phase, children watched a 15-minute snapshot of a well-known children’s television program from Italy. For the first experimental condition, a group of children watched the program with Greek subtitles. For the second phase, another group watched the same program without subtitles. For the third phase, a third group watched the same television program dubbed in Greek. The third experimental condition was the control. Researchers discovered that there was significant acquisition of vocabulary after watching the program with subtitles. The same thing can be said about the ability to recognize Italian words. Researchers made the conclusion that Greek students in the fourth, fifth, and sixth grade were able to incidentally acquire vocabulary in foreign language learning if they are exposed to a television program with subtitles. Based on data gathered, children belonging to Experimental 1 group achieved higher vocabulary acquisition compared to children belonging to the Experimental 2 group. It is also important to point out that the children in Experimental 2 fared better than children belonging to the Control Condition group. Researchers also found out that foreign language acquisition is affected by the children’s linguistic competence. Therefore, older children were able to acquire, and understand more Italian words as compared to younger students. Critique Insights gleaned from the study can give rise to future research opportunities. It may also lead to follow up questions with regards to the information collated during the research process. For example, it is interesting to know more about the nature of linguistic stimuli provided by the environment. A successful experiment that yielded significant results must not stop researchers from improving the design of the research process. One way to improve the research process is to figure out the impact of watching a popular television program. It is important to know if the television program that was used for this study is popular within Greece. If it is not, then, it must be made clear that it is only pop
Active euthanasia has been a well-debated topic since the legalization of the act in Netherlands in the 1980s. However, little debate has arisen about the voluntary choice of the elderly to end their life through assistance. The normal cycle of life is “development, aging, dying, and death” (Cicirelli, 2001). Many elderly people believe that new medical technology can result in prolonged undignified death, and therefore prefer assisted suicide, which would relieve them of their sufferings. Thus, they prefer euthanasia, which literally means “good health”. Active euthanasia means the doctor’s intent to end the life of a suffering and terminally ill patient. Active euthanasia can be of two types – voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary active euthanasia refers to the consent and request of the patient to die early. The reason for providing euthanasia on terminally-ill patients may make sense as this to a great extent relieves patients of his sufferings, however, elderly people seeking active euthanasia have not been administered by doctors even in Netherlands where euthanasia is a legalized practice. Study shows that elderly patients with Alzheimer disease have made requests for euthanasia however, “physicians have cooperated in only a tiny handful of cases and for those cases usually only when the patient was stricken with another serious disease” (Battin, 2007, p. 59). Therefore, the question remains even in case of elderly patients who would not like to postpone death through artificial aid may request for assisted suicide or active euthanasia from the physician, should the act get legal validity in some countries like the US. This paper is a study of debate of active euthanasia specifically related to elderly patients and under what circumstances such an action can be allowed and why. The paper studies if elderly patients who are terminally ill should be given active euthanasia to relieve them of their sufferings. Debate on Active Euthanasia The question related to euthanasia does not relate to the availability of the right to physicians to end a life, rather if it is possible to end the life of a patient under clearly defined conditions. Further, if the ailing patient expresses the desire to die, should voluntary active euthanasia be permissible. The supporters of voluntary active euthanasia argue that from the point of view of virtue ethics the scope of the morality of the act broadens (Begley, 2008). In a way, the dilemma for medical practitioners arises between duty and compassion. From the point of the virtue ethics, the choice to employ active euthanasia is a context in the history of the patient, and medical practitioner relationship: “ Virtue ethics does not consider discrete episodes in life, but looks a
Globalization has indeed become a significant pattern in the development of geopolitical and cultural practices of recent decades. With the advent of the Internet, people have become connected, even across continents: such a powerful catalyst could not fail to have a necessary consequence. In particular, people from different countries and cultures have become more integrated into a common, emerging culture in which there is room for the traditions of all peoples. Meanwhile, the representation of different cultures in this common one is unequal, which means that stronger national cultures can absorb weaker ones. A natural reaction to the unification of people was the growth of nationalistic sentiments among peoples whose cultures tend to be weaker. Thus, the spread of American sentiment (and especially the American dream) to the world often results in people from other regions becoming indifferent to their culture. In addition, globalization can lead to the destruction of the sovereignty of vulnerable communities: for example, if the big powers (the United States, China, Russia, Britain) suppress the development of small neighboring ones (Hawaii, Hong Kong, Abkhazia, or former British colonies). Healthy nationalism is not a problem because communities desire to protect themselves and preserve their cultural and political independence. However, radical, violent actions on the part of nationalists lead to international conflicts and inhibit globalization. Thus, globalization should not be evaluated regarding whether it is good or bad. Instead, it should be seen as a natural milestone in the evolution of humanity. Globalization does have advantages and disadvantages, but it is a fact in and of itself. The world now finds itself incredibly integrated, as every individual can learn news from another continent, listen to foreign music, and read non-domestic literature in a matter of minutes. This results in a new, shared culture. In this state, radical nationalism is a serious problem that society and governments must confront.
Introduction The question of corporate social responsibility arises whenever a company manages to position itself strategically in the global economy. The corporate social responsibilities that people consider are mostly the environmental, human rights, financial and political responsibilities. Starbucks Corporation and Wal-Mart Company shall be used in the analysis of these corporate social responsibilities. Analysis and Comparison of the CSR Strategies of Starbucks Corporation and Wal-Mart Company Starbucks Corporation is committed to doing its activities in a manner that will make its employees feel like they are treated with dignity. The corporation is also concerned about the environment and the community at large. This concern is shown through activities that give back to both the environment and the community. One of the ways that Starbucks Corporation uses to accomplish its corporate social responsibility is through investing in areas or activities that are profitable to the farmers who sell coffee beans to the corporation, the environment where these farmers live and also the people who they live with. The corporation assists coffee farmers in production of high quality coffee beans. Starbucks then offers to buy the coffee from these farmers and does so at a price higher than the normal market price. It does this in an attempt to improve the living standards of the farmers and also to empower them economically. Starbucks corporate social responsibility towards the environment is done through recycling of its waste products, instead of disposing them in a way that would affect the natural resources. Apart from this, the corporation is actively involved in other activities that enhance conservation of environment.
Introduction Many prominent musicians have relied on substances in the process of making great songs and compositions. However, it is highly debatable whether these practices are worthy of benefits. In the article presented by Ultimate Guitar, LSD use is explored from the perspective of an advantage, stating the impact it had on the music in the 1960s. However, comments under the article spark the discussion on whether LSD is as beneficial as the report states. This paper examines the comment section related to the article, involving positive and negative aspects of drug use, exploring the extent to which substances may be used and the consequences of consumption. Positive Sides of LSD Use As one of the commenters stated under the nickname ATL_420, some of the great songs were written by him under the influence of acid. He says that he has been the most talented at times when he was using LSD. In this circumstance, it would be crucial for his band manager to provide him with the drug to play well and create great songs. Therefore, the manager decided to supply ATL_420 with as much LSD as needed at times when he was at the recording studio. That way, no conflict was generated, the manager did not raise questions about the musician’s health, and their partnership has gone well as long as it lasted. Moderation Aspect The other commenter under the nickname of Strat_Monkey stated that despite drugs can be beneficial for the creation of solid compositions, they can also harm people significantly if not used under moderation. According to the utilitarian ethical theory, restraint in drug use could be defined by the subscribers as “keep doing it until it gives you benefit.” Therefore, as long as the drug starts harming the person more significantly than helping – the use should be stopped. However, the fear from the standpoint of this theory might be the measuring of moderate amounts. It is difficult to analyze how much is too much, especially for the person under the influence. Negative Sides of LSD Use The commenter Ramco shared the view concerning the harmful factor of LSD use and stated that the encouragement of drug use is terrible. LSD is a fungus that degenerates the brain stem and stays there for a long time after use. This may cause “acid flashbacks” to occur in later years of life without substance use. LSD has proven to have the most long-lasting effects of all drugs, excluding heroin. According to the co
What Is the Price Elasticity of Demand for Petrol? Is It Elastic or Inelastic? How about Carbonated Drink? Judging by the fact that there are very few alternatives for petrol in the present-day and that for cars which run on petrol no other fuel can be used, it can be considered that the price elasticity of demand for petrol is inelastic. However, as Suneja explains, with the invasion of the diesel-engine cars, the demand for petrol can possibly drop and, therefore, become more elastic. As for carbonated drinks, such as Coca Cola, it seems that the demand is not quite stable. On the one hand, fizzy drinks have nice flavors and are necessary elements of any children party, or even of a pleasant pastime for adults. However, it is still needed to keep in mind that many fizzy drinks taste much the same, with some recurrent flavors. Of course, Coca cola stands out with its original formula, but its rival, Pepsi, is always there, which prevents Coca Cola to fix inelastic prices. The final argument in that chain is the fact that carbonated drinks are not indispensable to life. Hence, the price elasticity of demand for carbonated drinks is and will most likely stay elastic. What Is the Income Elasticity of Demand for Carbonated Drink and Petrol? Which One Has the Higher Elasticity? As for the income elasticity of demand, or the ratio between the change in quality of the goods and in the income of the consumer, as Jain and Khanna define this phenomenon (Jain and Khanna 46), it can be considered that the income elasticity of demand for the petrol is considerably lesser than the one for the Coca Cola. Indeed, if considering the reasons that make people buy petrol and Coca Cola, one must mention that petrol, as it has been mentioned above, is used for a very specific reason, i.e., for using a car. Without a car, the life of an average citizen seems hardly comfortable, since a number of journeys will take considerably more time and will depend on other reasons than the schedule of the given citizen. Hence, a car is an integrate element of an average man or woman’s life. Judging by the above-mentioned, one is likely to buy petrol even if his/her incomes drop. Likewise, even if the quality of petrol decreases, there will be no other substitute. Compared to petrol, Coca Cola is much less important, it has a number of rivals, and, thus, in case of a change in quality, people can simply stop consuming it or choose a different brand. What Is the Cross Price Elasticity of Demand between Coke and Pepsi? Since cross price elasticity can be defined as the ratio between the change in quantity of Coca Cola divided into the change in price in Pepsi and vice versa, the cross price elasticity of the two will make 0,7 (McEachern 116). What Is the Cross Price Elasticity between Carbonated drink and Petrol? As there is no palpable dependency between the two goods, they presumably have zero price elasticity. Which Business Is a Better Business and If You Are Going to Invest in Stocks of These Companies, Which One Will You Prefer and Why? As it has been mentioned, there has always been the need in petrol. Even with diesel engines, it
I was recently on a journey to find myself amongst the life that exists in this world and I came across an old man. The man spoke of many things he had experienced in his lifetime. He spoke of his wife, his son, his faith in Allah, his belief in the divine of this world. Among all that he spoke of he also mentioned a certain philosopher who was a visionary in the fields of music, medicine, physics and psychology. He spoke of how this man researches various liquids and creates such sweet smelling concoctions (Abboud, 2006). On speaking to other people about him I also found out his interest in the art of cryptography and mathematics and how he had attempted to disprove the value of infinity as an absurd notion. How he has also written on the method of creating various medications to treat ailments among the population. How he respects various western philosophers as well but does not follow their teachings until he can prove they are true in his own eyes. How as a musician he not only added a fifth string to the Oud and would use it to alleviate the suffering of those around him (Abboud, 2006). They also spoke of how he valued intellectualism so much that he saw it as the one thing in this world that could never be taken away from a person no matter what pain is caused by the loss of materials or loved ones. However what truly caught my eyes was when one man spoke of how this philosopher believed in the divine providence of the universe, how everything was created in obedience to the worship of Allah. How the planets revolving around us is proof of this. On asking more the man told me that this philosopher believed that everything in the universe is not only created by God but that God is also integral in the main function of that creation. He believed that God brought life to man out of sheer force of will. This man is your master Abu Yusuf Ya‘qub ibn Ishaq. The reason I am writing you this letter is because I have heard of his teachings and I wanted to speak to him about his belief in the intellectual above all else. I have heard that your master does not believe in the existence of the physical world but rather tells people to see the soul and the mind as it is. I wish to speak to him of this because in my viewpoint I do not understand how your master has come to this conclusion ( Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy site, 2001). He believes that the existence of this world and the interest of human beings in it is the cause of true sadness within them. He believes that if an individual creates an attachment with this world and then loses it that is the true cause of sadness. I do not understand how he has come to this conclusion. If he believes as hi science proves and his books say that everything in this world, that everything in this Universe is created by God. That everything in this existence including the mind, soul and even the body that is temporary is created by God. Then why should we fear it, why should we separate ourselves from it. Should we not instead embrace it as we embrace God? Should we not love ever
Introduction Over the years, there has been increased interest to understand how different people view racial discrimination and how the workplace is affected by acts of racism (Regmi, Naidoo & Regmi, 2009). By and large, research indicates that racial discrimination at the workplace has serious repercussions. For this reason, it is imperative for all interested parties to join hands and work towards alleviating or at least lessening the effects of racial discrimination. Arguably, employees discriminate against fellow workers because they lack an understanding of how diversity can help to strengthen an organization and hence promote growth. Although numerous efforts have been made by various stakeholders to deal with acts of racism, Khan and Khan (2012) noted that racial discrimination at the workplace continues for a number of reasons including fear of an employee being losing a job and intimidation from employers. Apparently, racial discrimination is being practiced by perpetrators though secretly. Research professionals are convinced that employers are not doing enough to educate employees on the dangers of racial discrimination and benefits of diversity at the workplace. Among other things, diversity promotes innovation and creates a healthy environment for employees to learn from one another and improve their skills. Fear among victims of racial discrimination is also creates an environment for racism to continue since offenders know that they will not be reported. This discussion is based on a case of Maria, who has been denied an opportunity for promotion because of her racial background. The organization has chosen to promote Alex who unlike Maria, has been with the organization for a very short period. Alex has equally served in his current position for a very short time
The difference between successful and unsuccessful domestic terrorist attacks is characterized by three parameters, those being the ability to avoid detection by secret services, deliver physical damage or cause casualties, and propagate their message to the general public (Ciluffo et al., 2010). Should any of these key components be missing, the overarching purpose of the domestic terror attack would not be considered achieved. To illustrate this, let us compare two similar examples: Paul Hanson’s case versus Patrick Crusius case, which later became known as the El Paso shooting. Paul Hanson’s failed terrorist attack was planned against what he identified as “leftist” congress members, journalists, and other public figures in DC (Hauser, 2019). He made some preparations in the form of stockpiling weapons and researching the locations in which they reside. Finally, he did inquire into the protection levels of most government institutions, and researched theoretical information to form the backbone of his beliefs (Hauser, 2019). However, his failure was brought upon by a lack of discretion, as his searches were intercepted by special services, and he was arrested before any of his plans could come into fruition. Patrick Crusius’s case, and the resulting El Paso shooting, is a successful attempt at achieving similar goals to Paul Hanson (Friedman, 2019). Crusius was more discrete in his information gathering, though it was still the failure of the FBI to intercept them. He chose a more accessible target in the form of Walmart, rather than Congr