ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Among all the paintings of the prominent American artist Frederic Edwin Church, The Heart of the Andes impressed me the most. It represents the nature of South America, where Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador can be seen. The sparkling water of a waterfall and amazingly beautiful nature where a mix of bright and soft colors occurs made me feel like I was really there, in South America, enjoying the landscape view and breathing the fresh air near the Andes, the most beautiful mountings in the world. Discussion The Heart of the Andes is an oil painting with pigments used with a medium of drying oil. This work looks very attractive to spectators because of many reasons: its large size, soft lines, used techniques and the mixture of colors. Although this is a landscape, in my opinion, the author wanted to emphasize the religious theme by putting a small cross with the praying people in the middle of the painting. Many famous people were fascinated with the way Church used the effect of light and vast spaces, which became his signature: An American writer Henry Tuckerman extolled “the grand effect of light” of The Heart of the Andes. “It literally floods the canvas with celestial fire and beams with glory like a sublime psalm of light.” In fact, meteorology, a new science, would be Church’s lifelong study. As Church’s attorney friend Theodore Winthrop wrote, “A great work of art is a delight and a lesson” (Reidell). Despite that the content of the painting is very important, I think that the key to success can also be enclosed in details that make the painting very special. It is not enough just to create a painting, but to present it to the public in a way that will amuse everyone. Since people saw The Heart of the Andes exhibited in New York in 1859, this painting became one of the finest pieces of art in the World (Reidell). The artist’s work was presented as a window with curtains, surrounded by palm- trees, which in my opinion, had a great impact on everyone who saw the painting. Frederick Edwin Church belonged to the Hudson River School and considered German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt to be his intellectual and inspirational mentor. In 1859 Frederick Church wrote to his friend Bayard Taylor, an American poet: The “Andes” will probably be on its way to Europe before your return to the City …principal motive in taking the picture to Berlin is to have the satisfaction of placing before Humboldt a transcript of the scenery which delighted his eyes sixty years ago—and which he had pronounced to be the finest in the world (Nichols, 12). Unfortunately, Frederick Church was not lucky eno
Introduction A college or an advanced degree was historically a dream among many people especially the full time employed people and family oriented career professionals but today academic achievements are a reality that is almost becoming the standard style. Many people are taking studies concurrently with their jobs in the aim of becoming apprentices in their field of specialization. Most people mainly work to get good remunerations, but the level of payment mostly depends on skill area and level of skills. What many potential students have discovered is the ability to blow off their academic limits by considering other options of attending classes without having to be physically involved. This is a practical strategy of influencing the payment levels or staying competitive in the job market among the part-time students. What are the differences between the online classes and the physical or traditional classes? An Online Class Online classes provide one with a chance to learn by combining college theory work, with the work training provided by employers at the work place. According to online education guides, one is able to get a competitive edge over those who have to attend fulltime classes physically before they can engage work placements. One can easily connect the online studies to real work situations, thus making the learning process to become easier, since there is no need to keep remembering facts. Much of the learning is achievable though application of what one learns during fieldwork. An online study therefore provides one with the ability to turn theories to practice without further delays. The diversity of technology and availability of wide choices without any physical limits enables a student to be in a position of recognizing institutions with high qualifications internationally and enroll in the best institutions, without extra economic requirements such as travel and accommodation expenses. A Traditional Class With a traditional class, one attends the class full-time as per the set class schedule. Here most of the learning occurs theoretically with fewer practical or applications that do not involve real job market as in the online class, where one has freedom to practice. However, the learner is able to concentrate on the syllabus taugh
In the contemporary world, freedom is one of the most significant assets a human being has at his disposal. Without the liberty to express his or her will and to achieve set goals, a modern person is not able to function correctly. The political institutions and social environments that grant people the capability to act freely are all based on the ideology of liberalism. The history of this philosophy dates back to the 17th century, and the notion has seen many alterations and extensions. The early version of liberalism, known today as classical liberalism, is primarily based on the concept of negative liberty. In today’s fast-changing world, however, people do not need freedom from anything but require freedom for all activities needed to meet the economic and social demands of contemporary society. Therefore, classical liberalism should only be used as the foundation, but new endeavors should refer to the ideas of modern liberalism. Overview When assessing the overall conceptual array of liberalism, it is common to distinguish two stages in the genesis of liberal problems: classical liberalism (XVII-XIX centuries) and modern liberalism (late XIX – early XX centuries) (Lichbach, 2017). Classical liberalism focused on the issues of political and economic freedoms, the natural rights of the individual, and the social contract (Mingardi, 2017). The novelty of the ideas of classical liberalism is based on the European and North American interpretations of liberalism (Laski, 2018). In the United States, a split in liberal problems was manifested in the emergence of “moderate” and “democ
Introduction Researches performed by Jean Piaget (1955) and Vygotsky have made substantial participation to the development of teaching. This paper will lay the distinctions evident from the two theories. Similarities Basically, it is precise that the two researchers established theories to facilitate concrete learning strategies by allowing teachers to understand cognitive development. Moreover, their constructivist character allowed them to identify that students attain knowledge by instilling new information to preexisting knowledge. This implies that uninformed individuals cannot learn efficiently. For instance, understanding a language could facilitate perception of information from the educators. However, Kandel (1967) argues that students who do not understand the language applied in teaching might misunderstand their educators. The two theories depict that the limitations of cognitive growth were manipulated by the society. Precisely, the theories depict a centralized attention from challenges, preparedness and social relations. Differences Primarily, these theories presented divergent contribution that cannot be applied by educators in a simultaneous manner. For instance, Piaget presented a cognitive development perspective where children device new ideas from actions. In the contrary, Vygotsky and Rieber (1997) believed that learning has a social influence enabling children to learn from historical occurrences. In essence, Vygotsky & Rieber (1997) argued that learning occurs before development. They acknowledged the participation of environment in children perception. The other distinction lies between learning and development where learning is preceded by development according to Piaget’s model. On the other hand, Vygotsky’s model assumes an opposite link where development is preceded by learning. Furthermore, the socio-cultural perspective argues that social speech shifts to inner speech whereas egocentric speech changes to social speech in Piaget’s model. Educational Implication Piaget’s theory allows educators to assess the capacity of perceiving in learners (Smart, 2010). It facilitates the construction of learning ideas that fit the learner’s thinking capacity. It focuses on developing education across adverse and diverse factors that alter the ability to develop physically and cognitively. Moreover, some strategies that are applied by instructors during curricula activities are based on this theory. On the other hand, Vygotsky’s theory has revealed instructive implications where learners perceive information through grouping and assisting each other. Also, this theory plays a vital role of advancing instructional practices through manipulation of the prevailing differences in education. The education systems have incorporated the growing branch of information technology to change the printed strategies into multimodal techniques. Effects to
On 12 May 1925, a child was born in St. Louis, Mississippi. He was named Peter Lawrence Berra. Born of parents of Italian descend and with a father working in a brickyard, Berra was not inspired into sports by his parents. It was his own and his friends’ interests in baseball that led them to spend most of their time in the neighborhood sandlot. This interest in baseball eventually yielded fruits when at age 14, Berra started playing in the youth league sponsored by the American Legion. His exemplary sports career and his contribution to society especially in New Jersey will be the central theme of this paper (Academy of Achievement parag. 3). When the manager of his youth team realized the potential of this player, he introduced him to Branch Rickey, the manager of St. Louis Cardinals. Unfortunately, the manager’s interest was centered on Garagiola one of Berra’s teammates. He, therefore, signed Garagiola for $500 per week and offered Berra half of that amount something that Berra refused and turned down the offer. Later, the manager came back to him after he had moved from Cardinals to Brooklyn Dodgers. He offered to give Berra the $500 per week the deal could not go through because Berra had already signed up for New York Yankees with the same amount. This marked the beginning of Berra’s long career with the Yankees and an exemplary career in baseball that would inspire many of the fans of the game (Academy of Achievement parag. 3). As a patriotic citizen, Berra was forced to join the Army during the Second World War. This did not wane his love for the game. He continued playing for the navy team. After the war, he retired back to New York where he was assigned to the Yankees New London, Connecticut club where the manager took a keen look at the talent of the player and offered him a place in the Newark Bears of the International League. It was in that autumn of 1946 that Berra moved to the Major League where he played for New York Yankees for the next 17 seasons (Academy of Achievement parag. 3). The Yankees then turned him into a catcher, a position which he had never played before. Though he experienced difficulties during his transition, he later came to be one of the best catchers of the era. As a hitter, he came to break most of his records during this time. That was 1946. Berra then spent his entire playing career with the Yankees winning 14 major League Titles and 10 World series. This was a performance unequaled by any other player. To this moment, Berra holds several records both in the World Series and the Major Series. He holds the World Series’ record of many games played by a catcher. In addition to this, he holds the records of most times at-bat, most hits, and finally most doubles. At some point, Berra played for a record 148 games without an era as a catcher. In 1951, 1954, and 1955, Berra was voted the most valuable player (Academy of Achievement parag. 3). After his last season with the New York Yankees in 1962, Berra moved to the New Y
Democracy, though it does not have a certain definition, is a regime functioning within a country, which is defined as a sovereignty of people. There are several understandings of democracy, but the most common is that all people can participate in the decisions made within the country, they live, and that anyone can become a representative of authorities. Talking about Democracy as Ideology it is impossible to fail mentioning a more vast concept or political philosophy as Liberalism. Within this philosophy one can find more subdivisions, which rest upon the doctrine of Liberalism. The word “liberty” stems from the Latin word “liber”, meaning free or not slave. Consequently, the doctrine of liberalism is understood by people as the one, which is founded on a freedom, for example the freedom of speech, or any other freedom. Moreover, the doctrine emphasized the essence of human rights, such as treatment of every citizen equally notwithstanding gender, race or class, the essence of the rule of law and the essence of having a government, which rules according to form of the statute for the people to be sure in maintenance of their rights and freedoms. The time period of time starting with 1871and ending with 1914 in the United Kingdom, is being marked by a policy of expanding the country at the cost of other countries, in other words, colonizing them. Thus, the regime of the government performed in the United Kingdom, as well as in some other countries in the world can not be called Democratic ones at any cause. The political claims of the famous ruler of that time, and besides a member of a Liberal Party Union, Joseph Chamberlain, were both firstly close and then far from being politically liberal. When he settled down in the Parliament , as a member of a Liberal Party his claims to be the Prime Minister were obvious at once. He was driven by a desire of leadership. He failed to be the Prime Minister but still, his strive for influence was satisfied. When he managed to become an influential politic, he began to somehow change his political orientation and direction, later becoming a Liberal Unionist supporting Conservative ideas. Besides, he disputed the Ireland to be authoritarian, basing his statement on the fact that 5 million Irish people can not decide to govern themselves at ones due to the fact that the equal number of the citizens of megapolis do not want them to do it. The abovementioned statement rests on one of the principals of democracy, that is on the rule of the majority. But having a closer look at the aims of Chamberlain, one is able to see rather a nationalist who is after his own domain and the domain of the country he comes from. Though being in the Liberal Party first, later he promotes the ideas
To what extent did Laura Ashley’s theory of business under Anne Iversion represent a fit with reality? Anne Iversion expanded the operations of Laura Ashley to foreign countries. This was indeed a fit with reality bearing in mind that expanding the business portfolio was the most viable way of reaching out a wider market. Since the business was apparently out of touch with latest fashion designs, Anne decided to venture into more appealing fashion deigns. This was yet another fit with reality since the business targeted the young customers in the UK by producing more fashionable products. She also launched thirty well established flagship stores in the United States. However, there were no adequate products that could fill these stores completely. This was her greatest mistake. The newly acquired stores were quite large and also demanded additional expenses in terms of leasing cost. Since this strategy failed to work, Laura Ashley accrued heavy losses leading to reduced revenue. A rescue team was consequently put in place in order to revive the business back to profitability. However, Anne Iversion was sacked on the basis of being unable to drive the business towards profitability. Comment on whether Laura Ashley’s strategy in the past had been more emergent than deliberate The strategies adopted by Laura Ashley were more deliberate bearing in mind that the business used to face myriads of operational challenges. All of the strategies adopted by this business portfolio were meant to rescue its operations and also boost its level of generating revenue. For instance, it was later compelled to turn into home ware products such as furniture after the fashion portfolio proved to be less profitable. On the same note, it had to reduce the production and sell of clothing materials in favor of home ware related products. Over eighty percent of total sales were generated by home-related products. Sales from clothing and fashion department accounted for about twenty percent. As it stands now, Laura Ashley has a stable demand for home products. It has transferred its stores that are not performing well from prime locations to off-pitch stores. This is a strategy of saving money especially on overheads incurred as a result of renting costly facilities. It is also aimed at making Laura Ashley a more competitive store than other players in the market. As can be noted from these approaches, the strategies being adopted by the business are not emergent at all. Instead, these strategies are deliberately being put in place in order to improve its overall performance. How is Laura Ashley’s theory of business being cont
According to psychology, memory is the ability of a human being to store, retain, and recall information and experience that characterize life. Although Lewandowsky, et,al,(2004) notes “ several intermediate states are less well understood, short-term and long-term memories are accompanied by different biological states and mechanisms of retention and therefore there are two distinct forms of memory”. Human beings have two types of memory to hold information: the long term and short memory. Long-term memory (LTM) stores information for a longer time than short memory: It is different from the STM in structure and function. “Biologically, short-term memory is a temporary potentiation of neural connections that can become long-term memory through the process of rehearsal and meaningful association” Parmentier, et al (2005). There is no researcher who is sure of the process but they say that it results in the transformation of the configuration of the neurons but the time that it takes is also debatable. The short term memory is also referred to as active or primary memory as it holds minute quantity of data at a particular time and it only remains obtainable for a short duration. The duration is estimated in seconds and research has it that the short term memory keeps information for 7 seconds plus two or minus two depending on an individual because its length is about seven bits. The memory works like a computers RAM memory; it provides a operating space then transfers the details to the other memory or discards it if its not necessary and the information is also vulnerable to interruption and interference. “Biologically short term memory involves the firing of neurons which depletes the Readily Releasable Pool (RRP) of neurotransmitter vesicles at presynaptic terminals. The pattern of depleted presynaptic terminals represents the long term memory trace and the depletion itself is the short term memory” (Nairne, 2002). The short term memory The short term memory has three major operations: the iconic memory, the acoustic memory and the working memory. The iconic memory memorizes the visual images, the acoustic grasps the sounds and it more effective that the iconic. Information can be easily recalled by this memory depending on the length, phonological effect, semantic categories and words familiarity. Short-term memory relies generally on an acoustic code than the visual code for accumulation of information because People always find it difficult to remember a series of words that are acoustically similar for instance, dog, hog, and log). Davelaar, et, al, (2005) notes “short-term memory is supported by transient patterns of neuronal communication, dependent on regions of the frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe”. The working memory stores the information until it is used and not until it’s moved to the long term .For example, when memorizing a telephone number it keeps the digits until one dials the numbers. It therefore keeps information for immediate use and not for latter use. The procedure of conveying information from STM to LTM entails the encoding and consolidation of information: it is not a
Introduction The point of self esteem is emphasized in many studies. This psychological norm is influential for individuals in the perception of the environmental peculiarities and circumstances of life. Moreover, this ability is helpful when communicating with people. The history shows numerous cases when self esteem in a man led to great achievements and discoveries. Examples of Caesar, Da Vinci, Napoleon, Tesla and others prove this idea. However, the reality provides an age-old question of whether self esteem leads to higher academic achievements? In this respect the reliability of the research props up against the analysis of what is known at the time. On the other hand, a mature researcher needs to consider a personal approach as of the problem evaluation. This is why the research paper is divided into two sections. The first is dedicated toward the scientific approach toward self-esteem and its properties in academic achievements. The second part of the work represents a new research idea. It indicates a supporting opinion to the first section, but with minor assumptions and suggestions about it. In other words, it is a creative piece of work with points on logical reflections. Self esteem is the positive feature of character which should lead a person toward positive results. Section 1 First of all, the research is intended to develop a rational idea about the relation between self esteem and education. For this purpose three academic sources on this problem are analyzed below. The statements, findings, and discussion in them represent the scientific observation of the problem. This is why the research needs applicable attention toward data analysis and its validity as well. Stupnisky et al (2007) provide in their article a huge interest toward comparison of self esteem to perceived control for first-year students. The research of the authors touches upon the selective approach. Both constructs are observed in the study from the sides of their implementation to students. The role of self esteem in this respect seems to provide satisfaction and life adornment. Logically this opinion is rather strong and should help students in achieving high results. The researchers admit that the concept of self esteem can be colored positively or negatively. However, looking at the previous studies of eminent psychologists, this concept is “a fundamental human motive that we strive to protect and enhance” (Stupnisky, 2007, p. 305). Thereupon, the firm character of an individual’s urge for positive results is apparent in every sphere of peoples’ activities. People rely on their self esteem and this helps them to feel convenient. In education this performs particular inclinations of individuals toward higher results. In most cases students are trying to exaggerate their capabilities due to their self esteem. However, another question appears respectively: Is it a panacea for directing students in their academic achievements? The authors intentionally