ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nosocomial infections denote hospital-acquired contagions that were not existing during admission and acquired during hospitalization as the patient receives medical attention. Urinary tract infection signifies the commonest hospital-acquired contagion in developing nations. It emanates from blood and microorganisms that get into the space around the urethra via perineum or urinary catheter. Urinary tract infections comprise over 41% of nosocomial contagions in the US each year, with most of them linked to catheterization (Mong et al., 2021). The rising rate of urinary tract infections in the acute care unit is influenced by a vast proportion of catheterization, regular contact with caregivers, and high resistant microorganisms. Hospital-acquired infections cause augmented morbidity and mortality, in addition to extended hospital stay following contagion. Reason for Choosing the Topic This topic was selected attributable to rising cases of nosocomial infections in intensive care units for patients having a catheter than those who did not have. Such infections affect sections of the urinary system, encompassing the bladder, ureter, and urethra. Among all the hospital-acquired urinary tract infections, about 75% are linked to having a catheter (Eckert et al., 2020). The catheter is a tube that is put in the bladder via the urethra for urine drainage. Approximately 20% of hospitalized patients have the catheter inserted in the course of the hospital stay. The major risk aspect in the development of catheter-related infections is extended use, for example, over six months. Consequently, catheters should only be inserted for suitable signs and removed once they are no longer essential. Any hospitalized patient is vulnerable to contracting a hospital-acquired infection. Some of the patients who are at high risk include the elderly, little children, and people with problems in their immune systems. Other risk aspects include prolonged hospitalization, failure of caregivers to wash or sanitize their hands properly, the insertion of indwelling catheters, and lengthy use of antibiotics. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) approximates that in the US health facilities alone, there are about 2 million hospital-acquired infections and approximately 100,000 deaths every year. In addition, 32% of all infections are urinary tract contagions because of having a catheter during a hospital stay (Mong et al., 2021). Although urinary tract infections are linked to low morbidity compared to other hospital-acquired contagions, they sometimes result in bacteriaemia and death. The PICOT Question The PICOT question chosen for this study is: in acute care hospitals (poverty areas), how does having a catheter during hospital stay compared with not having one affect hospital acquired infections over 6 months? The high prevalence of catheter-linked urinary tract
Everyone makes their own decision whether they need to give money to the homeless people or not. Some people might sell all their belongings to save a close relative by providing money for a medical operation. Others may become addicted to drugs or alcohol and give away everything to receive another portion of poison. The question of whether a person should give money to a homeless person or not is a complicated one and cannot have the right answer. This essay argues that everyone should make their own decision based on the homeless people’s backgrounds. On the one hand, money can help homeless people meet their basic needs. Almost 2% of the world’s population can be called homeless, an incredible number of people worldwide (Mahb Admin, 2019). All these people may lack basic things, such as toiletries, clothes, or shelter for the night. Money could help them buy these things and make their life a little more comfortable. A couple of pennies can change the lives of good people who sometimes lose their property and jobs. Do not forget that there are people who accidentally got into an unforeseen situation, in addition to people with alcohol and drug addiction. These may be travelers who could have been robbed and left without means of communication and money, and a little money will help them return to real life. When people give a homeless person a few pennies or a dollar, they temporarily alleviate their suffering because money is interchangeable. Homeless people use cash to buy something to ease the pain of cold, dampness, and hunger for a few minutes or hours. It also allows them to spend the night in a cheap motel to shower because hygiene is essential. On the other hand, money can worsen the recipient’s addiction to alcoholic beverages or drugs. If a homeless person is addicted, they are more likely to spend the money they receive not on healthy food and good clothes but on poisons such as alcohol. When people meet a homeless person on the street and give him money or food, they make a mistake; at best, it will help him, but only for a while; at worst, people support his lifestyle. Thus, people who decide to give money to poor people cannot guarantee to improve their lives. In this situation, these pennies will not change the life of a homeless person, but they can make it even worse. Human help helps them survive, but they do absolutely nothing to solve the fundamental problems of homelessness, and most people do not think or care about it. If people want to help, it is better to direct their funds to charities and homeless shelters. Sometimes homeless people do not need money, but human attention to their problem makes it easy to buy such a person
Introduction This literature review traces the journey taken by nations and organizations in establishing rights for employees. It focuses on the need to ensure investors get maximum return on their capital and at the same time offer their employees reasonable remuneration and freedom to enjoy their rights. The scope of this review starts from the history of Labour Human Rights (LHR) and examines how various authors have presented their case studies regarding the effectiveness or lack of it of the policies that govern workers. The criteria used include examining the theoretical aspects presented and the researchers conducted by these authors and other relevant bodies like the International Labour Organization. Main Body Lisa Rodgers discusses the history of LHR and argues that global legal consciousness started during the mid of the 19 th century and at the beginning of the First World War. She explains that the awakening relied on the differences between public and private laws that later transformed into a political ideology that supports liberalism. In addition, the second part of this awakening was based on the importance of social groups in establishing and promoting respect for laws and legal systems (Rodgers 2012). Moreover, she claims that there exist tensions within human rights and social justice and uses the case of Ministry of Justice versus O’Brien where a judge challenged his pension benefits by arguing that he should have been paid as a full time legal consultant. Her presentation enables the audience to understand that LHR agitations started long time ago and will never stop. Rosaria Burchielli, Annie Delaney, Jane Tate and Kylie Coventry present various forms of labour rights abuse in their 2009 report. They argue that homework is a form of slavery that makes the poor people to work extra hard to ensure they prove to the world that they are capable of performing better. This discussion shows that corporate social responsibility and supply chain management have issues that should be addressed to ensure the rights of workers are respected (Burchielli, Delaney, Tate and Coventry 2009). The United Nations General Assembly plays an important role of conducting research and exposing the challenges facing workers in local and multinational corporations. Its 2010 report focussed on the period after submitting other presentations to the Human Rights Council in 2010. The report was about protecting, respecting and remedying extraterrestrial jurisdiction of investors and their employees. Earlier researches conducted exposed the issues of human rights abuse through corporate social responsibility approaches that were not regulated. It discovered that some investors hid behind the cover of corporate social responsibility to deny their workers and the public the opportunity to enjoy their rights (United Nations General Assembly 2011). The presence of this report and actions planned by the United Nations put organizations on notice and ensure they revise their LHR policies. Jernej Letnar Cernic prepared a report that promoted corporate cult
Unit 1 Compare industrial hygiene and occupational hygiene The terms refer to the same concept; nonetheless, their use may be dependent on a person’s geography. In Australia and UK, occupational hygiene is preferred while in Latin America and The US the term industrial hygiene is more common. However, a minor difference exists between occupational and industrial hygiene. Occupational hygiene covers a wide range of work places; conversely, industrial hygiene is limited to industrial settings. Name the professional associations for occupational/ Industrial hygiene The associations are: IOHA which stands for International Occupational Hygiene Association, AIHA-American Industrial Hygiene Association, ACGIH-American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, BOHS-British Occupational Hygiene Society and ultimately AIOH – Australian Institute of Occupational Hygienists. Describe the qualifications required for an occupational hygienist in Australia Occupational hygienists must be capable of handling challenges adequately in their profession. One must have worked for five years or more. The occupational hygienist needs to have the proper academic qualifications. Outline the ethical obligations of the occupational hygiene profession All occupational hygienists are obligated to practice in accordance with their fields of competence. No one should give information freely; only legal and health reasons can impose an exception. Professionals should follow the code of conduct. They need to offer help concerning probable risks in occupations. Workers may sometimes put themselves at risk; occupational hygienists need to warn them about taking precautions. Members of this profession are expected to act with integrity. They need to abide by scientific principles within the profession; these govern workers’ safety and well being. You have prepared a report on a hazardous exposure that includes high monitoring results. Your client or manager asks you to retain the results but delete any other comments. Outline your response. In response to the situation, I would first try talking to the manager in order to sensitise him about the importance of the recorded comments. I would let him know that very serious dangers could emanate from hazardous exposure of the workers. It would probably be a good idea to have proof that such a conversation existed between the client or manager and me. This would ensure legal protection. If the client insists on deletion, I would stop working for him. (Bluff, 2004) Summarise the development of occupational hygiene since 1901 Occupational hygiene started in South Africa specifically because dust exposure was found to be a health concern. Consequently, the profession established a level of dust that would not put people at risk by analysing the air around those are
However talented a person can be, it is important for a mere mortal to embrace the whole epoch. Even though the period under the discussion might have lasted for several years, one cannot shed the light on every single event that triggered the preset state of affairs. The question is whether a man observes the epoch that has passed from the point of view of a single man who has witnessed this epoch. And it is even more doubtful because of the fact that the man spoken about is a character of a film. A well-known, scandalous and talented film director Robert Polanski has managed to create a string of pearls that can be considered as cinematographic perfection, with his unusual approach and the means that he makes the audience face the reality the way it is. Among them, there is the film called The Pianist , a winner of the Palme d’Or on the Cannes Festival and the movie that has raised a great stir among the audience, them regarding the film either as the masterpiece of all times which is worth all the works of Polanski taken altogether, while the others rejected the movie just as heatedly as the former admired it. The reasons for such welcome were, probably, that the film director had looked too deep either in the history of the World War II, or into a man’s soul. Since the topics that touched upon the mistreatment of the Jews and anti-Semitism have always been an uneasy subject to discuss, it can be said that Polanski has cut the society to the quick. The atmosphere of hatred and suffering that the war was shot through made the film even more expressive, shocking and true. Whatever the opponents say, it must be noticed that Polanski has managed to show the tragedy of the Jewish people during the World War II in full with help of the little tragedies that occurred during the sorrow that gripped the whole world. Because of the controversy of the subject, the author is trying to convey his ideas with help of the certain people, not aiming at gripping the whole lot of events that occurred during the World War II. Since Polanski had chosen the subject of the fate of the Jews during the war, he meant to shift the plot from the common scenes to something more concrete and certain. Thus, the director decided to explore the clash of pure talent and cruel principles that governed on the battlefield, along with the Germans mistreating the Jews, trying to wipe them from the face of the Earth. Polanski is trying to show that in spite of the cruelty that was reigning in the times of the World War, there was still some room in people’s hearts for sympathy and understanding. Understanding all the blasphemy of what he was going to depict in his film, Polanski makes the German, the Nazi who was supposed to have no heart and no mercy for the people who think unlike him, the one to save the Jewish – just think about this fact, which makes the whole situation twice as miraculous! – pianist. It is a well-known fact that the Jews were taken as the prior enemies of the Nazi. They were killed in the cruelest way, and those that were left alive
Introduction In the contemporary super-competitive age, organizational culture is increasingly becoming an important domain in the way business is being conducted owing to its substantial impact on firm performance and competitiveness, employee job performance, as well as employee job satisfaction. Using a hypothetical company referred to as Vintage Tourism Ventures, this paper purposes to discuss some underlying issues concerning the organization’s culture, including its legend, rituals and ceremonies, language and socialization of new employees. Company Legend The company “Vintage Tourism Ventures” will be established against the backdrop of a maturing tourism industry, which provides numerous tourism packages to the youth and the working class, but fails to consider the elderly and pensioners as major consumers of tourism products. Customers within this group of the population (the elderly and pensioners) require to be showered with warmth and compassion owing to their advancing age, not mentioning that they need to be treated with respect and utmost integrity. Additionally, it has been decided that potential customers for the company need to be entertained in a pleasurable and stress-free environment not only to leave long-lasting impressions about the company but also to instill happiness in their sunset years. The company will be developing around these cultural variables (demonstration of warmth, compassion, respect, integrity and happiness), implying that employees are expected to treat the customers with big smiles and affection. It is expected that the company will make a niche for itself in the tourism industry in the foreseeable future, as employees and other relevant stakeholders will have the capacity to know what is expected from them when it comes to treating the elderly customers and maintaining the company’s cohesiveness for enhanced performance and competitiveness. As a matter of fact, the company expects to be identified with affection, compassion, happiness, and integrity. Company Rituals and Ceremonies The company will employ birthday parties and happy hours not only to establish team unity and allow employees to feel appreciated by the management
As explained by Ben-Ze’ev (2000), “envy is that passion which views with malignant dislike the superiority of those who are really entitled to all the superiority they possess” (Ben-Ze’eve, 2000). In fact Ben-Ze’ev (2000) goes on to explain through numerous examples that envy is basically the result of one’s own desire to improve their personal lot over their neighbor and as such fuels aspects related to bitterness, anger and even a form of crab mentality. Jealousy on the other, as explained by Ben-Ze’eve (2000) involves a negative evaluation of the possibility of losing something, particularly a favorable human relationship. It must be noted though that jealously focuses exclusively on human relationships whereas envy has no such boundaries. Basically, what Ben-Ze’ev (2000) is trying to imply regarding envy and jealousy is that both are negative and self-destructive emotions which promote the “self” over the expense of others. One particular example in the present day where such emotional clusters are evident is in the obsession over the use of credit cards in the U.S. and the development of “the entitlement mentality” wherein people feel that they deserve certain things even when it comes at the expense of other people. Studies such as those by Janes (2009) reveal that people within the U.S. are obsessed over the use of credit cards due to their belief that they “deserve” to have thing immediately instead of saving and earning in order to acquire them (Janes, 2009). This comes as a direct result of feelings of entitlement and envy wherein if they see someone they know flaunting something they don’t have they attempt to mitigate these feelings of envy by purchasing the same item on credit despite not having the current monetary means to afford it. This particular behavior is in line with what Ben-Ze’ev (2000) indicates as the response of most individuals to envy wherein they try to address this feeling of loss or inadequacy by obtaining the same item. This was also seen in the 2008 financial crisis wherein borrowers defaulted on their promises of payment for homes they couldn’t afford (A dangerous game, 2011). This was a clear cut case of entitlement and envy resulting in the problem being passed over to tax payers. In the case of jealously, it is often seen that boyfriends would act extremely possessive of their girlfriends especially in cases when it comes male friends. Such an emotion usually gives rise to a certain degree of paranoia over the potential for loss which results in actions such as banning the girl from wearing particular outfits, saying that she shouldn’t hang out with male friends
Opportunities Despite Intel taking the leading positions on the market, there are several opportunities it can utilize to improve its performance. Intel can establish green partnerships with other companies to address the issue of environmental sustainability. According to Sadovnikova and Pujari, such coalitions have and can accrue positive returns in a year (252). Additionally, the company can take advantage of brand loyalty by introducing new products with no fear of losing money. As stated by Pappu and Quester, innovations can positively affect a company’s performance because of brand loyalty (18). The innovation strategy can be further transformed into diversification to improve market penetration. Diversification is an opportunity to improve a company’s performance by covering new segments of the market. Intel can invest more in research and development to create a semiconductor product and enter the household appliance market (Ferguson). Moreover, the acquisition is also a viable option for diversification for Intel. In 2017, Intel completed a $15 billion purchase of Mobileye, which allowed Intel to improve its position in the development of autonomous vehicles (Krzanich). The company can continue looking for further acquisitions to diversify its product lines. The company can also focus more on their customers and make alterations in business processes to become more client-oriented. First, Intel can improve its presence on social media, which is the most convenient way for the customers to reach the company. Second, Intel can enhance its productivity to meet the customers’ demand and lower the prices. Third, the company can improve its presence in the mobile phone market, as loyal customers are willing to buy mobile devices with Intel processors (Ferguson). In short, even though the company is quite prosperous, there are steps to be made to improve its value and performance. Competitive Analysis Samsung Intel is the global leader in making chipsets; however, its leadership is in danger. Samsung is expected to overtake the leading position as the largest chipmaker in the nearest future (Bhasin). The primary reason is that Intel produces processors mostly for PCs and laptops. However, today people prefer buying mobile devices, where Samsung is a clear leader (Bhasin). Therefore, Intel is to consider strategies for better penetration into the mobile market. IBM IBM is known and valued for the quality of its products and innovations. IBM is behind many modern world inventions that have revolutionized everyday life, including floppy disks, ATMs, hard disks, the PC, and magnetic stripe cards (Bhasin). The company specializes in computer software, hardware, and middleware. Intel is to invest more in research and development to compete with IBM. AMD Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) is a producer of servers, motherboards, and embedded processors. It is Intel’s most significant rival when it comes to the manufacture of x86 microprocessors (Bhasin). Since the acquisition of ATI Technologies in 2006, AMD acquired a dom