ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are many different ways that people can improve their work and succeed in the sphere of management. Some people like to study and use management theories developed by professional theorists and writers, and some people want to rely on their personal observations and ideas. The latter believe that the study of theories is simply a waste of time, and that the majority of the ideas are old-fashioned, out-of-date and cannot meet the needs and expectations of the current world of business. In fact, the development of management theory is itself a matter of dispute. For example, in some sources, the modern history of management theory is traced to the Industrial Revolution of the 1850s (Adetule 2011). In fact, a number of people argue about the nature of the development of management theories. Those researchers and theorists, who define the theories not as an absolute scale, but as a relative scale under which even old ideas could be identified as new—just in a different context, prove the importance of theories in the sphere of business management. By contrast, those writers who support the idea of development and innovation resist the idea of using old theories. In this paper, the value of management theories and the timeline of their theoretical development will be evaluated to determine if a relative or absolute scale can be used in business. Each theory in management has its own purposes and functions, and it may be difficult to understand which is the best option to rely on, in general. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a particular situation and investigate which theory is more appropriate and more effective for the achievement of set goals. For example, the administrative management theory focuses on the identification of relevant information about the needs and the possibilities of a company. As a rule, information identified in a timely manner helps to manage the organisational processes and the work of people in the best possible way (Ferreira, Erasmus & Groenewald 2010). The classical organisational theory developed by Taylor holds that more attention should be paid to a systematic analysis of people, their comprehension of tasks, and behaviour chosen (Richardson 2014). This can be defined as relevant in an emerging economy today; still, it cannot be defined as absolute. The bureaucratic policies developed by Weber underline the role of customers, and show that the majority of employees’ obligations and duties can be changed in response to the needs of customers and the necessity to satisfy consumers’ needs at any cost (Barrett 2012). It can be placed between the relative and absolute scale. Finally, there was Elton Mayo, whose analysis of management and human relations helped to clarify the essence of organisational processes, and connected management with motivation, human needs, and available
Abstract In the introduction it is affirmed that celebrities have positive elements needed to become role models, hence explaining why most of them inspire others. In the body section, media personalities Angelina Jolie and Oprah Winfrey were analysed. Angelina has strong values, which can be seen in her personal life as an international adopting parent and also in her role as a UN goodwill ambassador. Oprah’s success in her career and her philanthropic work teaches others how to be professionals and how to use their wealth selflessly. These celebrities still have some flaws; but they have not let their past get in the way of their societal impact. In the conclusion, it was affirmed that celebrities’ accomplishments are easily identifiable to the public, as is the case with Angelina and Oprah, and this makes them good role models. Introduction Since celebrities demonstrate what it means to be an extraordinary media personality, then they serve as exemplary role models. Angelina Jolie and Oprah are positive role models as seen through their career accomplishments and charity initiatives; they did not let their dark past defuse the change they instated in society. Celebrities as role models Some celebrities illuminate their position as media personalities through the right behaviour and attitude. A role model is one whose attitude and behaviour conform to that which people expect of a person in that role. Actress Angelina Jolie exemplifies this positive role through involvement in humanitarian work and her personal life. She has worked as a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations for several years. Jolie took the personal initiative to contact the UNHCR concerning troubled regions of the world. She visited several African refugee camps in 2000. As a field agent of the UN, Jolie went to Pakistan and Cambodia to do mission work in refugee camps. These trips started after she became the goodwill ambassador in 2001. The celebrity has visited approximately thirty countries in an attempt to create awareness about the plight of refugees. She has brought media attention back to forgotten civil conflicts. Furthermore, Jolie covers her own expenses during these missions, and shares the same deplorable conditions with other UN workers. She undertakes these humanitarian missions bravely as seen through her entrance into conflict zones (Allen-Mills, 2008). Some celebrities may refrain from visiting dangerous places like Darfur and Afghanistan, but Jolie has not shied away from these regions. Her attitude and behaviour as a goodwill ambassador are exemplary and typical of a good role model. Celebrities can
The relations between public administrators, public servants and the representatives of the government and political system in Canada should be neutral according to the doctrine of political neutrality. From this point, it is necessary to distinguish between the aspects of politics and the process of realizing the definite policies with the help of public servants and public administrators. It is also important to pay attention to the general role of the concept of political neutrality in regulating the relationship of politics and policies provided by public administrators with references to the idea of political non-partisanship. Thus, the concept of political neutrality can be defined as the principle or doctrine according to which political administrators should not follow the vision of this or that political actor or take a side of different political parties and representatives. From this perspective, political administrators should be politically impartial, and their activities should not be influenced by the definite political force. Political neutrality can be discussed as the traditional doctrine which is used in the Canadian public administration. Following the doctrine of political neutrality, public administrators should control their activities from the point of their political impartiality, and they should reject the possibilities to perform their professional duties according to the interests of this or that political force. Thus, the professionalism of public administrators is closely associated with the notion of non-partisanship (Inwood, 2012). That is why, political neutrality is one of the main concepts to discuss the normative relationship between politics and public administration. It is necessary to determine the principles according to which the doctrine of political neutrality should be realized by public administrators and public servants. Thus, public administrators are responsible for the realization of the politicians’ decisions in relation to the definite policy without taking a side of this or that political force. Public administrators should not be involved in different partisan political activities. Moreover, taking the position of the public administrator, the person should not express his or her own attitude to the definite political force or party or comment on the specifics of the government’s policies provided. The principle of anonymity should be followed in relation to realizing definite policies or taking decisions associated with the political issues and their results for the public administration. Furthermore, the party in power cannot be discussed as the influential force to determine the opinion of public administrators according to executing policies (Overeem, 2005, p. 313). The mentioned principles can be discussed as preventive in relation to the public servants and public administrators and their activities while executing policies and decisions. Following the principles of the doctrine of political neutrality, public admini
Introduction An apparent gap exists between skills and job demands in the United States. Community colleges that offer Career and Technical Education (CTE) have emerged as important institutions that attempt to bridge the gap owing to their positioning in the society. This is in lieu of the fact that the demand for technical skills will continue to grow in future and in an unprecedented way. In the United States, the number of employment opportunities that require specific technical skills will surpass 51 million by 2018 (Carnevale et al. 2010). This is notwithstanding current deficiency in skilled laborers within the country. Among career clusters that are intrinsic to CTE are fashion and artistry (Ruffing, 2009). To that end, it is important to highlight the career pathways that fashion industry provide to post secondary education graduates. Fashion merchandising is a career pathway that connects students to careers related to fashion. It also resonates with home economics. This paper seeks to explore the history of fashion merchandising within the larger picture of CTE. History of Fashion Merchandising Fashion merchandising is a sub discipline of marketing that involves selling and promoting fashion designs, clothes and other elements of fashion (Conley, 2007). The sub discipline has grown tremendously over the last century owing to the apparent growth in fashion industry (Breward, 2003). In fact, fashion industry has grown in popularity all over the world. It is important to mention that fashion merchandisers are at sometimes fashion designers who have attained technical skills from different institutions. As such, the growth of technical education particularly in the field of fashion has created a career pathway where skilled post secondary school students can enter the job market. Fashion merchandising requires impeccable skills in marketing fashion products as well as promoting them (Breward, 2003). Further, it is essential to highlight that fashion merchandising has grown exponentially partially because of vibrant media. In fact, many students who have skills in fashion design have encountered momentous challenges relating to marketing strategies and increasing their sales revenues. As such, fashion merchandising has increased the need for knowledge in home economics as well as marketing. According to numerous educationists, fashion merchandising has opened many career pathways for post secondary school students who have the basics of home economics (Breward, 2003). By the middle of 2
Since ratifying the Affordable Care Act in 2010, the approach to primary health care has shifted dramatically. If previously, patients were not interested in preventive health solutions such as tests and screenings due to their prices, current health insurance plans presuppose the presence of a series of free vaccines and screenings aimed at eliminating the risks of certain health conditions (“Preventive health services,” 2021). Such a shift manifests a change in both patients’ and health professionals’ priorities, moving further from disease-oriented treatment toward holistic and preventive care. According to the Healthy People 2030 initiative, the promotion of preventive care reduces various risks associated with chronic diseases, cancer, and cardiac complications, thus reducing mortality rates (“Preventive care,” n.d.). Moreover, the focus on the holistic well-being of the patient is critical when accounting for the impact one’s emotional health has on the physical condition. In this scenario, the nurse’s role is to encourage patients to take care of themselves before any serious issues emerge and to provide the patients with the sources to receive preventive care. As far as my workplace is concerned, the General Hospital in Hollywood, FL, is determined to promote quality preventive care to the patients in order to eliminate the risks of severe complications that are dreadful both for the patient and the hospital in terms of management and costs. During every patient appointment, nurses are encouraged to check on their patients in terms of mental well-being and their preventive health condition, including the last time they received a certain shot or did a screening test. If there is a need to repeat the procedure, nurses share with the patients the options to access preventive health and give them educational leaflets with concise and comprehensible information about the importance of taking care of one’s health in advance.
Introduction As one of the managers, who contributed to the decision-making and planning of the company, the challenging task I had was to establish the existence and operations of the organization in Kava. According to the task assigned by Mr. Chris, one of the greatest stakeholders and managers of the company, it entailed giving a description of the rationale and plan for the implementation of the proposed solution(s). Hence, the aim of this paper is to elaborate on determinant factors that affect the implementation of decisions in the organization, evaluation of the required resources and actions to affect decision implementation on the proposed solutions, and ultimately, a critical evaluation on the ethical implications from how the stakeholders view the proposed solutions in relation to the organization’s presence in Kava. Basing on the information collected and analyzed from the previous assignments on decision-making (Decisions in Paradise II, 2010) KAVA is an island-based country whose location lies in the South Pacific region. This region has a mixed culture and ethnic groups composed of American, French, African, Spanish, and Asian tribes with dominating languages as per the tribes. Despite this population, 50% of the population remained torn in between Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam while, on the other hand, the economy of Kava flourished; spearheaded by tourism, petroleum, and the agricultural sector. Factors and Planning Issues Age is a limiting factor in Kava with a critical number recording the majority of the population falling under 15years of age. Therefore, this age bracket hinders the acquisition of skilled labor from that region. Decision-making may hit a snug because it is challenging to decide on the long-term effects that outside acquisition of expensive labor would have on the organization’s operations. Skilled labor in Kava remains a stagnating factor. During the evaluation, of age as one of the determinant factors, skilled labor crops up as yet another issue because the increase in operational costs and decisions made in effect to getting labor elsewhere relate to the lack of adequate, skilled task force from Kava. Another underlying factor that holds the foundation of decision-making and implementation involves communication. This area has become the biggest barrier in information relaying in the organization because of the different tribes who communicate in different dialects. However, the organization that is new has to devise ways of learning and improving the communication channels in enhancing better operations. Furthermore, cultural diversity resulting from the existence of different tribes in Kava poses another dilemma when it comes to decision-making; because this new organization cannot possibly revise all its policies and set goals to suit the individual tastes of the various cultural groups. The environmental changes that result due to a shift in the weather patterns have been observed as intensely unreliable hence the organization becomes incapacitated in preparation for disaster (
The title to the case Smith vs. Jones Frigaliment Importing Co. v. B.N.S. International Sales Corp. , 190 F.Supp. 116 (SDNY 1960) The parties/people involved in the case Also known as the “Chicken Case,” the Frigaliment Importing Co. v. BNS. International Sales Corp. , 190 F.Supp. 116 (SDNY 1960) involved two companies, Frigaliment Importing Co, the plaintiff, and BNS International Sales corporation, the defendant. The two parties had entered into a contract in which BNS International Sales corporation was to supply Frigaliment Importing Corporation. BNS international sent chicken to the plaintiff based on compliance with the weight measures of the contract between them. However, Frigaliment Importing Corporation was dissatisfied, arguing that the chicken received from the defendant failed to comply with the terms of the contract, citing that the term “chicken” was only used to mean “young chicken.” On the other hand, the defendant argues that the term “chicken” means all types of birds of that species that meet the specifications of the contract in terms of quantity and weight, including those meant for stewing. Fragaliment believed that BNS’s action had breached the contract because the goods received had not met the specifications. The court in which this case decided After the case was filed, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York heard the case and made the ruling on December 27, 1960. The number of judges decided on the case The decision was made by the district court, Friendly, Circuit Judge, who dismissed the complaint. Riggs, Ferris & Geer, and John P. Hale, both of New York City, represented the plaintiff while Sereni, Herzfeld & Rubin of New York City represented the defendant. Th
There is no reasonable cause for the hospital to invest in the renovation bond. My suggestion is to postpone this action until the organization is curbs the existing capital expenditures. For now, investments are too expensive for the hospital since it has already invested heavily in facilities in the past. I suggest reconsidering the ways the institution uses the facilities instead of completely renovating them. Since the Primary Financial Objective (PFO) for the hospital system is sustainable growth, it is crucial to determine whether the institution has achieved it before getting into more debt. The related PFO is equity growth, which is necessary to achieve the long-term financial goal (Nowicki, 2015). Sometimes growth and keeping market share involve new investments. For example, when relying on slow growth-based assets like accounts receivable and not investing in the latest equipment, some hospitals lose their competitiveness and, subsequently, regress. To achieve sustainable growth, the hospital needs to meet or exceed asset growth, which cannot be defined simply by counting what the institution takes in for its services. Here, Return on Equity is used, which is the primary financial criterion for financial performance evaluation and targeting (Nowicki, 2015). It links primary determinants of value: profit, investment, and cost of capital with a set of macro drivers, and micro drivers that are to be measured. Macro-drivers include revenues, margin, working capital, capital expenditure, and financing mix. Finally, these evaluations are included in the dashboard report. This report can be used to define what is essential for the hospital’s
As stated in the previous section, the main aim of this paper is to investigate how celebrities may impact people via such means of mediated communication as their Instagram profiles. The given social media platform has been chosen because of its great topicality. In this regard, the current part of the work is devoted to a discussion of the main findings related to the presentation of Black Star Burger, a new brand created by Timur Yunusov. This presentation was popularised by means of Instagram and other Internet resources only. To collect credible evidence, profiles of active Instagram users from Russia who have already visited the given fast food restaurant were investigated and analysed. In order to determine the impact that this sort of promotion has on people, negative, positive, neutral and advertising answers were collected to find the trends and create a background for further discussion. The findings from this research will be analysed in terms of the theories provided in the literature review to prove or refute our thesis statement. The sample size for this study comprises 63 comparatively popular Instagram profiles in which different points of view and attitudes to Black Star Burger were expressed. Figure 1. Main Attitudes As shown in Figure 1, the difference in the number of positive and negative comments is not significant. Indeed, 27% of Instagram profiles feature positive feedback (17 users), while 25% (16 users) feature negative feedback. Moreover, the greatest number (29%, or 18 users) belongs to posts which include both positive and negative feedback about the Black Star Burger event. Finally, 19% (12 users) also made some appeals in their messages recommending other people to visit Black Star Burger. The given data presents an important trend. First of all, the nearly equal distribution of negative and positive comments (with prevailing positive ones) demonstrates people’s engagement in the restaurant’s event and their desire to participate in the popular social trend. Moreover, when analysing these Instagram profiles, it is crucial to take into account the number of likes that every post receives. Of all of the posts about this event, the greatest number of likes (1,243) pertains to a positive comment about the event, including information about the quality of the food and the user’s overall impression. At the same time, the most popular negative comment has only 884 likes. In general, the following tendency remains constant across the Instagram posts: the average number of likes among positive comments is much bigger that of the negative ones. Considering the fact that likes are used as a means of approving a certain comment and adding a personal attitude to a post, the relatively greater number of likes for positive messages demonstrates that they are more popular. At the same time, however, the given tendency could be explained by the overall popularity of certain Instagram profiles, as having more followers tends to entail an increased