ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Chippewa Indians were native Americans who were North of Mexico, that lived on the shores of Lake Superior and Huron, Minnesota Turtle Mountains, and North Dakota. This paper provides a brief discussion of this tribe of Indians and examines the cultural diversity of the group. About the Chippewa Indians The Chippewa Indians were also known by other names such as Chippeway, Ojibwe, Ojibway, Anishinabek, and Anishinaabe. They belonged to the Algonquian Indians that were made of different groups of Native Americans who spoke similar languages. The Chippewas were closely related to the Ottawa Indians and Potawatomi Indians. They excelled in making canoes and cultivating wild rice. These habits indicate that they were a pastoral group that took up fishing, hunting, and growing wild rice (Hurt. 1996). Discrimination and racial prejudice against the Chippewa Indians need to be understood with reference to certain historical treaties that took place between the Indians who wanted to preserve their land and habitat and the whites who wanted the lands for their expansion. As a matter of suppression, the whites practiced mass slaughter and killings of innocent Chippewa Indians as well as the warriors who frequently got into skirmishes with the white soldiers. The whites, with their superior forces, guns, and canons, overcame them and forced a number of treaties on the hapless people (Ricky, 1998). The whites also imposed a number of harsh conditions “ Three chiefs, one from among the Wyandot, and two from among the Delaware nations, shall be delivered up to the Commissioners of the United States, to be by them retained till all the prisoners, white and black, taken by the said nations, or any of them, shall be restored ” (Wyandot. January 21, 1785). Kappler (1904), who archived various treaties with the Chippewa Indians, has provided details of various rules and clauses that were heavily loaded in favor of the white man. There were overt attempts to racially segregate the Indians in a successively smaller area, and the Indians were ultimately left to the mercy of the US government. “ The said Chippewa Indians surrender
Introduction Every aspect of life is governed by terms and conditions which are usually set by the Stakeholders concerned, written down or stipulated as policies, rules and regulations. All these rules, regulations, terms and conditions are encompassed in a law (Adams 2006). Therefore a law can be defined as all the principles and rules which are legal, adopted and utilized by organizations to govern their activities as well as providing the way forward for solving any conflict or disputes arising in the process of executing their duties. The European Union is composed majorly of countries which are geographically located in the continent of Europe, although there are some other countries outside the continent which are also affiliated to the union. Among those countries outside European Union but are involved in the body include Russia, Turkey, Israel among others (Gardiner 2006). Commercialization football Commercialization is a term which stands for transformation of a certain act towards the business aspect. Most of the countries worldwide are transforming the traditional aspect of sports for leisure to the modernized business sports, where football has not been spared (Adams 2006). The modern football in the European Union has been highly professionalized and like any other commercial organizations, the sports departments have to be guided and regulated by sports policies which are entailed in the main sports law of the European Union (McArdle 2000). Various countries in the union have different bodies in their mother countries which governs their professional football activities and events. For example in England we have bodies like the English premier league, the football association. Countries like Germany have in place Bundesliga, in Spain there is la liga. Almost every country this union has one or more football body which governs their domestic professional football activities at home. In the umbrella body of European professional football, other organs like the UEFA champion’s league and the Euro cup are involved in governing football tournaments in the continent. All these bodies have in place policies which regulate the events so as to make the football activities to run or operate smoothly. This commercialization move has had a great impact on professional football in countries and states who are non-EU members as well. This is through adoption of the European union’s modernized and commercialized football, the exchange or trade between players of the different states (McArdle 2000). The European law versus professional sports Gardiner & Cagier 2000 argued that professional football in the European union was a sport which needed to be governed by legal regulations as the entire sports industry was experiencing changes as a result of commercialization of football which was bringing in a lo
People enjoy shopping because it makes them happy/. Some appreciate the creativity shown by different producers even if they do not buy anything. On the other hand, some people enjoy owning luxury and trending items like mobile phones, watches, and other electronic devices. The prices of goods determine the ability and willingness of customers to buy them. The UAE is amongst the fastest growing economies in the world, and this means that most people focus their attention on the goods and services produced by this region. This discussion examines the pricing of luxury goods in the UAE and explains the nature of their market value. The UAE is without a doubt a greener pasture in terms of international market opportunities. There is a high demand for goods and services to and from this region. The prices of luxury goods like clothes, shoes, perfumes, cosmetics, and bags in the UAE are beyond the reach of many locals (Walsh 2010). The cheapest shoe goes for about $25.19, and this means that most people cannot afford to own more than a pair of shoes. The same pair of shoes go for about $8 in the international market. A pair of trendy shoes go for about $129.95 in the international market while the UAE sells it at not less than $200. Therefore, the price of shoes in the UAE is almost double its value in other international markets. In addition, the prices of perfumes, clothes, bags and beauty accessories are higher in the UAE than other regions. Most locals believe that the government intentionally overprices the prices of goods to depict the region as having a flourishing economy (Bastein 2012). There have been protests as consumers express their anger on the ever increasing prices of basic needs. However, the prices of luxury goods have not caught their attention because they cannot afford them. The most likely reason the prices of luxury goods in the UAE are high is that this region does not have the raw materials required to produce finished products. Therefore, it imports them from othe
Executive Summary Information literacy is essential in promoting learning and educational performance of students. Information-literate students can identify, locate, evaluate, organise, and communicate information derived from various libraries. Emergence of information technology has led to explosion of information, which consequently has overwhelmed students. Information literacy emerged as a means to enabling students overcome challenges associated with the information explosion in the 21st century. Since information literacy is a complex issue in education systems, education experts have been trying to come up with an appropriate definition of the same and outline effective ways of integrating it into education curriculum. Integration of information literacy into the educational curriculum is beneficial to students, teaching staff, and librarians for it enhances the learning process and improves academic performance. When students immerse themselves into the world of information, they find it a daunting process to obtain the relevant information. Specifically, new students experience numerous challenges because they have limited skills in information literacy. Hence, this report suggests that seminar provides an effective means of improving information literacy among new students. Introduction The emergence of information technology has led to explosion of information and advancement of education. Colleges and universities have been unable to keep abreast with information technology because information literacy levels of students have al
The two poems look at the burdens associated with an issue of being an illegal immigrant in the country. Gary laments on how his boss treated him as an illegal Mexican in America in Mexicans begin jogging, yet he was an American citizen of the Mexican origin. In the poem he recalls how the border patrol officers arrived at the factory where he worked. “Over the fence, Soto”, the boss shouted at Soto, warning him in this way to run away from the border patrol police because he thought he was an illegal immigrant. The issue of immigrants is also covered in the poem Dinner guest: Me by Langston Hughes. In the poem, Langston dwells on black immigrants, living in the country. Even though they are citizens of America, they are, nonetheless, treated with suspicion and even considered to be of a lower status. In the second line of the poem, he says that “The Negro Problem”, thus attempting to bring out some of the challenges that the Negros had to face in their endeavors to fit into the American society. The American whites try to make up for their mistreatment of the Negros by inviting the narrator for a dinner “Being wined and dined / Answering the usual questions”. The American dream is addressed in the two poems as well. In the first poem, Gary’s dream consists in the fact that there will be the day when there is no discrimination towards immigrants and, as such, he will be able to freely mingle in the society. The fact that he is an American of Mexican origin does not give him any right for his boss and the border authorities to harass him. He still believes the American dream is realizable and that is why he jogs but still “yells vivas to the baseball, milkshakes and those sociologists”. To him these are the symbols of the dream. In the Dinner Guest: Me , Langston looks at the problem of black people; at the end of the poem he believes in the American dream as well; he hopes one day there will be solutions offered to the problem “Solution to the problem, of course, wait.” The theme of hopefulness is well covered in both poems. Gary hopes for a day to come when there will be no discrimination of immigrants, what is why he ends the poem saying “As I jog the next century / on the power of a great, silly grin”. At the same time Langston expresses hope showing that he is ready to wait “Of course, wait”. The concept of hope is clearly related to the American dream of freedom and equal democratic rights. The relation between the themes of new arrival and race are related. Gary bemoans the Mexican immigrants, while Langston is concerned with the treatment of black people in America. The black people are African Americas and thus they are not originally from America as well. From the point of new arrival, the poems highlight the issue of race. Gary’s main concern is that although he is an America, his boss tells him to run since the border police is coming after him. The boss assumes that Gary is an illegal immigrant even though he is an American. The same is considered by Langston; the white Americans are certain about the fact that if someone is African American, then that person is considered to be a problem or burde
Introduction The major goal of today’s educational system is the assurance of equal educational opportunities and equal access to instruction in class and outside of the latter. As a part of it, the help to those children experiencing certain problems with any kind of curriculum subject should be unconditionally presented (Eryksson, 2006). In this paper I will focus on the ways I might implement to help overcome the mathematics problems experienced by a sixth-grader named Micki Long. Her health record and the history of the adjusting policies carried out for her in the kindergarten and at school allow speaking of the special lesson plans that should be developed in order to achieve both allow Micki stay in the general educational class and not to violate the needs of other students whose cognitive processes are somewhat faster and instruction requirements more extensive (Ma, 1999). With this purpose, the goals of the further presented program should be outlined, assessment criteria stated, and further program developments marked. Maths Difficulties Student Characteristics However, the very initial step in this program should be the attentive and careful consideration of the student’s data including her background, health records, kindergarten and previous school performance, attitudes of her family members to her issues and their readiness to assist her in studying, etc (Ma, 1999). Thus, Micki Long is a student of the sixth grade of the general education class taking reading, language, mathematics, and other subject on a regular basis. Nevertheless, Micki’s actual proficiency in the majority of her school subjects equals the one of the mid-performer in the fourth grade. The problems that Micki faces in her study are numerous so far as to include cognitive delay, lack of organizational skills, self-control and motivation, inability to prepare properly for classes, forgetfulness, and lack of concentration in class and at home working on her assignments. But the major issue experienced by this student is her mathematical problems. Being able to solve the tasks in class correctly, Micki fails to explain the algorithms she used to achieve this (Nicolaou, 2007). Therefore, the conclusion can be made that the main problematic areas in math for Micki include two-digit times, two-digit multiplication, subtraction with regrouping, and division. Measures and Assistive Devices Thus, to clearly outline the measures that can be used to help Micki Long with her math problems, it is necessary to see what reasons there are for such problems. As Sharma (2008) argues, “children experience mathematics learning difficulties for a variety of reasons including: dyscalculia, dyslexia, cognitive delay, delay in the development of key mathematics milestones, poor preparation in prerequisite skills and inappropriate learning experiences” (Sharma, 2008). In Micki’s case, such factors cannot be overlooked as she was born premature, and was diagnosed as having a cognitive and a mild motor delay. In combination with her being left-handed, writing is a great difficult
“How could the power of public representation and misrepresentation shape the institutional forms differently than they are shaped now? ” is the question posed by Sedgwick and the one I will address in this essay. According to the paragraph under analysis, the power of popular imagination plays a crucial role in creating new institutional forms. In the paragraph under consideration, the author refers to such concepts as direct action, self-reliance, readiness to act, and public opinion. The opposite values are ambiguity, pride, passive orientation, and ambivalence. According to Kant’s theory, the conditions of possibility are important for understanding the underlying processes and the inner working of the concepts. To provide an outlook on these conditions of the above-discussed concepts, it should be stressed that the formal power is often reluctant to introduce changes that would contradict their interests. To meet the demands of the masses, the government starts inventing new laws (by using the power
Executive Summary Global efforts to stop fraud and bribery in international business transactions have currently accelerated. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has been leading the fight on corruption in international businesses. From as early as 1989, the OECD began its anti-bribery agenda. This was due to its conviction that bribery in international trade and investment was common and had harmful consequences. On 17 December 1997, OECD signed the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (OECD Convention or Anti-Bribery Convention).The convention is the only and the first anti-corruption instrument internationally. The Convention’s legal characteristics are first indicated in its focus on active bribes rather than passive brides. This implies that the convention combats bribery offences of the parties who offer or promise to give brides. It has no interest in the parties that accept bribes. In essence, the convention calls for all nations involved to criminalize bribery actions of all foreign officials, come up with suitable sanctions for violations and concur on enforcement and extradition of those charged with the bribery offence. The convention assists in assuring that there is a certain level of similarity in the parties’ initiatives to fight against the bribery of foreign public officials. It implies that parties do not have to possess similar basic principles in their legal systems or implement uniform changes. On November 2009, the Council adopted the Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. The recommendations apply to member countries as well as other nations that are party to the Convention. The recommendation provides both general and specific recommendations that further assist parties in fighting bribery offences as outlined in the Anti- Bribery Convention. Introduction Fraud and Bribery Fraud involves any activity undertaken by a person illegally or in a dishonest way to provide an advantage to the person. Similarly,
Introduction The Internet has emerged to be the most popular and advanced tool used for accessing information in the new millennium. The Internet is the most known transforming technology that man had ever developed before and it has all the capability of changing everything, including the activities people do on a daily basis. Moreover, the Internet is said to be the most important tool used when sharing information. Effect of the internet on the society The use of the internet has openly transformed societies and all activities people do on a daily basis. The Internet, being one of the latest technologies to be developed on earth has the highest number of people who prefer using it for communication purposes. This is because the internet makes it easy for people living thousand of miles apart to communicate with one another freely and even visually. Moreover, the internet also allows people living in different geographical locations to effectively coordinate their business operations and even exchange events of their social lifestyles (Ghandchi, par. 1). Currently, almost everyone has an access to e-mail and other social sites that are available on the internet. Teenagers, for example, are the most common users of internet social sites. They log in to retrieve miraculous information and also chat with one another (Symonds, par. 4). Other social sites available on the internet include; Facebook, Twitter and Skype. These sites make it easy for people to chat and exchange social and cultural ideas (Symonds, par. 4). Despite all the good things, Internet technology has brought to the societies, there are several drawbacks accompanying it. Internet crimes for example; identity theft, hackers and other advanced monetary thieves are on the increase globally (“ Effects of Computers and the Internet on Society” par. 4). Many people don’t involve much in online businesses because of fear. Impacts of the internet on education The development of the internet several decades ago lifted up the education sector, which really benefited from this technology. There are several developmental measures that have been put in place with the help of the internet. The question people ask is whether this technology will cause more positive or negative effects on education. There is no doubt that over a decade ago, the internet has ushered in an amazing progressive revolution as far as informational development was concerned. The Internet is currently the most accessible sources of information both, locally and internationally. Anyone can access the unlimited amount of information in the shortest time possible through the internet. The Internet provides an alternative way of accessing the information as compared to the old system, such as libraries, it is time saving and students, instead of spending their entire day looking for information in books, will only spend a few minutes to login into a website and retrieve the same information (Maroki, par. 5). The use of the internet in educational institutions is currently being supported by majority of educators worldwide. Many educational institutions are now
Design Fundamentals: storage box and biodegradable bag The first product discussed in the assignment is a stainless steel storage box. The purpose of this product is to provide safety in working environments where compressed gas cylinders are often used. The targeted market for the product includes workshops, labs, and any location where compressed gas is kept in storage or used. Prices may be difficult to estimate as dimensions vary. However, it was recommended that $199 should be the price for a cabinet used to store four 15kg cylinders. The second product discussed is a low-cost biodegradable bag to be used in shopping outlets. The purpose of the product is to reduce environmental problems caused by the excessive use of plastic bags. The bags will be produced in varying sizes and can be used for promotion by outlets. Pricing is difficult due to varying size though estimates indicate the largest bags measuring 20X4X30 inches should cost 10 cents each. Appendix Product A: Cylinder cabinet Product B: Biobag