ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Just like the natural phenomenon like the universe with its grass soil and atmosphere, man also needs self-renewal. The more the individuals, communities and organizations strive towards revitalizing themselves in the mind and spiritually the more they become well placed to tackle the challenges of the world. Crisis is an inevitable phenomenon in individual’s organizations and even societies. The concept of self-renewal arises because individuals, organizations and societies experience crisis at one given time and they have to recover from such threatening situations. Self-renewal is a very important tool which can be utilized to prepare for the future. With these tool individuals, organizations and societies face the future with confidence since it prepares them adequately by use of better strategies. Good planning for the future is based on a better understanding of the history planning on how to avoid the past mistakes. At individual level self-renewal is a very essential aspect of a successful person. People encounter different challenges whether domestic or at the workplace. Some of the challenges need life copying mechanisms so as to come over a crisis which might occur. Self-renewal in an individual does not happen once but it is an event that can occur over and over as the concerned party continues to exist. “Most men and women out there in the world of work are more stale than they know” (Gardner, 1990). There is normally a notion that says that midlife crisis in life is the time for self-renewal. Looked at from a career point of view , when someone changes from one type of job to another whether looking for better terms or pay , this is a self-renewal process. This is normally a developmental process in the life of that particular individual in the sense that he/she is out to look for what is good for himself or herself. This can emerge in different ways in that particular individual. Sometimes necessity prompts self-renewal in individuals for instance somebody can be suffering from a life threatening disease in hospital. When he or she recovers from the illness there is normally to change the course of life and this is part of self-renewal process. This is the time such people start embracing a new way of living. Why is self-renewal essential at personal level? According to Gardner ” We’ve all seen men and women, even ones in fortunate circumstances with responsible positions who seem to run out of steam in midcareer” Self-renewal at individual level first involves a self-examination process. This aims at finding out where the pressures of change are emanating from. For instance is it the workplace or domestic. There is also the need to look at the satisfactions that an individual seeks to achieve during this process. Then an individual also needs to put in mind his or her feelings. The kind of buffers that is present in the mind of the person who wants to undergo self-renewal also matter. The key concept in self-renewal of an individual is the ability to focus and look straight into his life so as to know better the inner side of the self. It also touches on the self-esteem of an individual who is undergoin
Worrying about the developing degree of medication-safe microscopic organisms has prompted the forbidding of sub-helpful utilization of anti-infection agents in meat in many nations. In the United States, nonetheless, such use is still legitimate. The rise of a safe strain of the microbes is just a question of time because anti-toxins were regularly used to treat livestock. Then, at that point, if safe strains of microscopic organisms show up in livestock, they can be spread to people through tainted meat. Commensal microorganisms found in animals are often present in new meat items. They may fill in as supplies for safe qualities that might move to pathogenic living beings in people. There is some proof to demonstrate that the anti-toxins kill the vegetation that would regularly flourish in the animals’ digestive organs, permitting them to use their food all the more adequately (Public Broadcasting Service, n.d.). Consequently, ranchers began directing small dosages of anti-microbials day by day. This expansion represents a huge danger to the viability of anti-infection medications (NPR, 2001). Denmark keeps up with exceptionally low degrees of anti-microbial utilization incompletely through a blend of good practices for domesticated animals’ well-being and administrative limitations (Public Broadcasting Service, n.d.). Normally, paces of anti-infection use are bigger for higher-pay countries and those with more elevated levels of meat utilization. Drug use in animals in wealthy countries like Norway, Sweden, and Denmark is restricted with successful guidelines. With great farming practices and viable approaches, such models feature that fundamentally decreased anti-infection use can be accomplished close to profoundly useful agrarian areas. Danish specialists say U.S. ranchers, who frequently feed anti-infection agents to animals to keep away from diseases, can eliminate anti-microbial use by essentially cleaning domesticated animal pens consistently (NPR, 2001). There should be a general decrease in the utilization of all classes of restoratively significant anti-infection agents in food-delivering animals, including total limitation of these anti-microbials for development advancement and sickness counteraction without finding. Scientists propose that keeping up with somewhere in the range of 112 and 220 feet of distance between animals would restrict most spillover contamination across clay-rich soil lands common in the southeastern United States (Ma et al., 2019). Solid animals ought to possibly get anti-infection agents to forestall illness on the off chance it has been analyzed in different animals in a similar group, crowd, or fish populace. Most anti-microbial use in animals requires a veterinary remedy, albeit individual treatment choices are regularly made and managed by lay homestead laborers as per rules given by a veterinarian. Despite the broad reception of anti-microbial use in food animals, credible information about the amount and examples of utilization are not accessible (Public Broadcasting Service, n.d.). Contingent upon the nature and ward of eac
Introduction Lots of engineering regulations rely on engineering failure data to confirm their plans. Unluckily, this is not the case with data structure wangles, who usually do not use safety failure information – particularly attack data – to get better the security and survivability of PC structures that they expand. Part of the motive for this is that, traditionally, businesses and governments have been reserved to reveal information about attacks on their structures for fear of losing public assurance or for fear that other attackers would develop the same or similar vulnerabilities. Particular, detailed attack data has just not been attainable. Nevertheless, increased public interest and media coverage of the Internet’s safety have resulted in the augmented publication of attack data in books, web newsgroups, and CERT safety advisories, for instance. IT engineers can now apply this data in an arranged manner to recover information system safety and survivability. This technological note explains and exemplifies an approach for documenting attack data in a structured and reusable shape. Users expect that safety analysts can use this advance to document and classify commonly occurring attack prototypes, and that data system fashionables and analysts can apply these prototypes to expand more survivable data structures. IT safety Information system experts generally do not use safety failure information – particularly attack information – to recover their designs and completions. This is partly due to a lack of openly available information. Businesses and governments are reserved to draw notice to attacks on their schemes for fear that other aggressors will develop the same or similar vulnerabilities. Even after their structures are strengthened to block assaults, organizations resist revealing the attack for fear of losing public assurance. Attack prevention The regarded article argues, that instead of setting expensive personal products that add complication to an organization’s safety architecture, lots of small to medium businesses are now capable to take a holistic advance to their requirements. This increased viewpoint permits companies to employ a complete risk management procedure that weighs safety threats and the realities of the industry to find a realistic balance. Unluckily, layer upon layer of creations has not recovered the IT safety of organizations. Instead, it has created a patchwork of disparate structures – both restricted and geographically extensive. Companies that have devoted heavily to a series of one-off explanations are now contending with safety gaps that assailants can
Introduction In the year nineteen ninety six, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a nutritional health promotional program in schools to promote life long healthy eating habits. This was based on the fact that, healthy eating habits in both children and adolescents had increasingly been noted to have deteriorated over the years hence the need to promote the health, growth and intellectual development of the child. There was also a need to aim at preventing health problems related to eating patterns such as obesity, anaemia, and dental disorders amongst other health disorders (PHS 1991). Apart from immediate prevention, healthy eating patterns are more likely to prevent long-term health problems such as; stroke, cancer, and heart diseases among others. The nutrition programs in schools aimed at giving education on health, and acted as a disease control program as it aimed at providing skills, achieving total education potential, as well as to improve their health. Dietary factors play a major role in preventing illnesses and premature death in many States (AHA, 2000). This has made the national health promotion and disease prevention to focus on nutritional education in school, as a result, the USDA and NET programs urges that nutritional education should be incorporated in children nutritional programs in schools, and children care facilities as it contributes to healthier bodies, mind, and improved learning (Minkler 1999, USDA 2000). Principles of Health Promotion used in the Program Health promotion involves helping people to control and improve their heath. To achieve this, various health promotion principles need to be considered. To effectively improve health, the school-based program considered good heath as a great resource for personal, social and economical development and a cornerstone for quality life. The program advocated for health by providing social, environmental and economic support for children and adolescents to achieve skills and education necessary to promote or rather improve heath. The program focused on achieving equal health in all children and adolescents from all walks of life. The education was to be given to all students in school regardless of their socio-economic background. The differences which existed in children and adolescents’ health due to difference in background was to be reduced by the program, creating equal resources and opportunities necessary in attaining full heath potential. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention figured out that the health sector alone can not effectively promote health given the nature of the campaigns. To be effective in promoting health, the CDC involves schools as mediators, as such, all people are represented in terms of age, sex, religious affiliation, interests, political ideology, personalities and background. Through schools, a large number of people was informed, thus reaching the target population (Mandell, 1993). The school-based nutritional program aimed at developing the personal skills of students at various levels. It supported social
Introduction The following is a critical writing on how to improve the Kingfisher Airline after the company’s compromise of quality that led to poor performance. The following essay gives details on how the company may improve the quality using the Denning’s points of maintaining quality in times of crises. The essay will apply the Juran’s quality and suggest the way forward for survival and growth. It will assess quality circles in making the Airline better, more efficient, reliable, and cost effective. There are poka yoke devices that may be used to avoid errors. The final part of this essay will discuss how Taguchi loss function applies to make sure that the flights of the company are always in time. Denning’s View on Kingfisher Airlines. Denning is one of the top quality management gurus and the father of Total Quality Management. As per Denning’s points, Kingfisher Company has compromised some key aspects of the airline services creating a loophole in the company thereby reducing efficiency. The first compromise is lack of focus where Denning indicates that focus on what to provide and the quality of the products provided is of importance. Kingfisher compromised on this aspect when the management purchased low quality airbuses and then made it appear high class (Petersen 468). The low class airline compromised the earlier image that the company had developed as first class airline in India. To succeed in its purpose the company must replace its short-term plans with long terms plans. Long-term plans help the company to focus on the key values rather than on the activities that are done all the time. When focusing on quality the company’s management must take responsibility over what is happening in the organisation rather than blaming the company woes on the employees (Petersen 468). Kingfishers ignored Denning’s rule of total quality management of focusing on quality
Introduction Since the time of Freud, psychoanalytic therapy has been one of the most well-known treatment modalities, but it is also one of the most misunderstood ones. This system of interpretation and therapeutic treatment of psychological disorders is also known as the “talk therapy” as it is based on the intercourse of the Analysand and the Analyst who listens to the patient’s talk about any aspect of his/her life. The Analyst’s concern is the unconscious of the patient through exploration of which solutions for his/her mental and emotional problems are found. The present situation in the field of psychoanalytic therapy is such that it is commonly regarded as time-consuming, expensive, and generally ineffective. In the current paper, on the contrary, it is argued that therapy has many benefits. The problem is considered with respect to group counseling. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate the advantages of the use of the psychoanalytic therapy approach in group counseling. The problem is revealed through the following perspectives:   * An overview of the relevant literature is presented;   * The essence of the psychoanalytic therapy approach is considered;   * The main principles of group counseling are outlined;   * Application of psychoanalytic therapy in group counseling is investigated;   * Advantages of the use of the therapy are disclosed with the focus made on the efficacy of
In general, in his article entitled “The consequences of excessive unrequested donations: the case of Hurricane Andrew”, Neal tries to demonstrate how a great number of unneeded donations to regions where a disaster has just happened decelerate the process of delivering the resources that those areas really need. Particularly, he takes Hurricane Andrew that had a devastating effect on Florida in 1992 as an example. He also provides a discussion about how to allocate resources in case of natural disasters more efficiently. In the introduction, the author provides an overview of the points he is going to cover. Thus, first of all, he describes various donating processes that happened earlier after other disasters. Second, he particularly describes Hurricane Andrew and its consequences. The next point he discusses is about the problems that unnecessary donations in the form of clothes and similar things caused (Neal, 1994). Lastly, he focuses on the provision of unneeded supplies in the form of food. In the first section where Neal describes the process of donation, he provides examples of other natural disasters that have happened in the USA since the 1950s. He emphasizes that in all of them, people committed the same mistakes. Thus, he traces the pattern of delivering unrequested donations since 1952 after a hurricane in Arkansas. As a result, more than half of the provided goods were not used by the victims and had to be destroyed. Additionally, the author mentions two main problems that unneeded in-kind donations usually create. The first problem is that officials spend much time sorting, distributing, and destroying these unnecessary donations. The second problem is that these donations cause logistical issues, which create an impediment in delivering needed items. In the second section, Neal describes methods that were used in obtaining the data regarding the excessive donations after Hurricane Andrew. In the next section, he focuses on Hurricane Andrew and the problem with unnecessary in-kind donations following it. First of all, he discusses the severity of the storm. Thus, Hurricane Andrew was identified as a Category four storm with winds blowing more than 150 miles per hour. As a result, almost 200,000 houses were damaged, 40 people died, hundreds were injured, and approximately 250,000 people became homeless. It was estimated that the overall expenses of the hurricane would be more than $15 billion (Neal, 1994). Further on, Neal discusses the problem of excessive donations provided after the hurricane. Reportedly, the response in the form of donations was quick, which is good, but the kinds of items donated and their quantity created many problems. In terms of clothes, too much time was spent on their inspecti
The Role of Leadership in Teacher Turnover The teaching profession suffers from adverse and relatively high turnover compared with other occupations (Boyd et al., 2011). The high turnover rate has drawn the attention from various stakeholders. Some researchers have argued that improving teachers’ working conditions and having qualified management will help in mitigating the issue (Guarino, Santibanez & Daley, 2006; Drago-Severson, 2007). The way leaders interact with employees determine how long and how effective they will stay and work in a company. This is for the reason that leaders contribute a lot in the development of attitudes among employees, which play vital roles in their performance outcomes. It is evident that there is high teacher turnover in many schools across the world, an aspect that needs to be evaluated and changes to be adopted on how the turnover can be reduced (Boyd et al., 2011; Guiney, 2001). Many teachers do not perform their duties well not because they are not qualified, but due to pressure from the administration. This part of the paper concentrates on discussing strategies and questions that are critical in article critique. The articles would be critiqued using a procedural strategic approach, whereby questions would be developed. Each question would be answered in the second part using the two articles that would be under critique. Questions  1. What is the objective of the research study?  2. What conceptual framework has been used by authors in the research study?  3. What methods are used to obtain the sample in the study?  4. Who have contributed the data from the sample?  5. What methods are utilized in the collection of data?  6. What are the findings of the study?  7. Is the study relevant to the topic under study?  8. What is the implication of theory utilized in the study for future research?  9. Is or are the author (s)’ conclusion consistent and comprehensive with regard to reported results? Article analysis on Xaba, M. I. (2003). Managing teacher turnover. South African Journal of Education , 23 (4), 287-291. The author has given the objectives of the study. The study aims at investigating teacher turnover as an aspect that needs to be controlled. In addition, the author focuses on suggesting solutions on how to reduce teacher turnover. According to the author, the teacher turnover has made stakeholders involved embark on recruiting temporary teachers, leading to poor performance outcomes. Thus, there is a need to conduct a research study to address the issue. Using the writer’s background information for the study, he or she has given factors that have contributed to high teacher turnover. Among them are leadership in school and low enrollment in teacher training colleges. Leaders in schools have failed to mentor teachers, leading to the development of negative attitudes toward the school. There is no sample that has been selected by the author, implying that the study does not have sample population that has par
Literature Review What is Leadership? The concept of leadership can be explained as an individual’s ability to successfully integrate the skills and capabilities of employees within a team or company into a cooperative whole that can work together. Such a process helps to continue and improve the current operational framework of a company (Derue, Nahrgang, Wellman & Humphrey 2011). As such, the characteristics that can be considered as essential for an effective leader consist of:  1. Being able to create cooperation and cohesion within a team  2. Guide the respective capabilities and strengths of employees  3. Create open lines of communication within a company  4. Set goals and expectations in order for people to understand what is expected of them (Ali, Nisar & Raza 2011; Amabile, Barsade, Mueller & Staw 2005). Personality Traits First and foremost, it should be noted that personality traits for leaders can range from:  1. Effective conflict management skills  2. The ability to empathise with employees  3. Analytical abilities to think without getting personal  4. A variety of other similar characteristics that define good business leadership (Hyun 2012). From such a definition, it can be seen that every leader has their own specific set of personality traits with certain characteristics being more dominant than others (Levine, Muenchen & Brooks 2010; Heracleous & Barrett 2001). It is these dominant characteristics that shape an individual’s ability to become a successful leader since they define what they are capable of doing (Church & Waclawski 1998; Coupland & Brown 2004). These strengths can support success through:  1. Enabling a person to make analytical instead of emotional choices.  2. Gives the means to understand and empathise with employees in order to understand their strengths and limitations (Felfe & Schyns 2010).  3. Creates an effective work environment by reducing the causes of conflict and mitigating problems as they arise (Felfe & Schyns 2010; Ely & Thomas 2001).  4. Creates a mindset that takes into consideration all possible outcomes and views before making a decision (Walter & Bruch 2009; Churchill 1979). Theoretical Framework for Analysis Based on the various theories of leadership that have been examined thus far, it was decided by this study that situational theory will be the primary framework of analysis that will be utilised for examination. As Verlage, Rowold & Schilling (2012) explains, situation theory ascribes to the notion that type of leadership that is applied (i.e. Authoritarian, Laissez-faire, Democratic, etc.) is based on the given situation and type of company. Latham (2014) states that different companies and organisational frameworks require different leadership characteristics and methods of leading peop