ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The poem “The Emperor of Ice Cream” written by Stevens amazes with the variety of readers’ interpretations of the stanzas describing the wake of the pleasure-seeking woman. The poet has chosen the kitchen for the first stanza of his poem since, commonly, this place of the house is the best one to characterize women who spend quite a big part of their time there. In the mentioned stanza the action takes place in the kitchen of the deceased woman for the purpose of depicting her concupiscent way of life by means of the presence of muscular man preparing an ice cream, inappropriate behavior of dissolute people and general lustful atmosphere created by the attendees in the kitchen. From the very first line of the stanza we can see some “muscular” man, who is “roller of big cigars”, but not any woman in the kitchen. The man is the only one to prepare foods for wake of the deceased woman; consequently, man who is cooking is a common thing for the kitchen of this house. His presence at kitchen with cigars and his preparation of an ice cream for the wake shows that woman was not a good housewife, but rather dissolute person entertaining with friends, spending her time in lust and fun, having no time for trivial things and not caring about her future. Definitely, routine life of the deceased took place not in her kitchen, as she belongs to people who do not waste their life and spend it with fun and easiness. However, such style of life passes away too quickly as an ice cream melts. As a rule, behavior of any attendee in the house depends on hostess’s customs, habits and way of her life. Correspondingly, if wenches wear their usual dresses and “boys bring flowers in last month’s newspapers”, it means that is what the dead woman was likely to do, in other words she was used to disrespect and partying at her house. For example, wenches, probably being the friends of the woman, show their carefree attitude not only to the deceased by not helping to prepare foods, but to the whole life as well, perceiving it as a sweet ice cream – symbol of sensuality and pleasure. An overall atmosphere in the kitchen of the deceased woman is clearly contradicting to the generally accepted mood. In kitchen it is usually cozy, caring and family like, while in the poem the kitchen is the place for lust, flirt and fun. The phrase “concupiscent curds” precisely expresses physical pleasure and general spirit in the kitchen. Moreover, it is a constituent of the ice cream and consequently, the emperor of ice cream is to make all the attendees pleased though they came to wake. To sum up, a big quantity of symbols used in the poem makes it obvious that the kitchen has been chosen by the poet in order to show lickerish and thoughtless style of the deceased w
Adapting Leadership Approach to Lead a Cross-Cultural Group As demonstrated in Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, leaders in multinational or global organizations are increasingly faced with the challenge of adapting to diverse paradigms of leadership while leading cross-cultural employees or multicultural groups (Kaifi & Mujtaba, 2010; Hofstede, 1993). In this section, I demonstrate how I, as a CEO of a multinational organization, would adapt my leadership approach to lead such a group based upon Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions. In cognizant of the fact that members of a cross-cultural group demonstrate unique and diverse needs (Casimir & Waldman, 2007), I would encourage a small power distance approach to ensure equality, openness and equal representation in the group (Hofstede, 1993; Waldman et al., 2006). Such an approach, in my view, not only spurs teamwork and trust by ensuring that members become more open to share their needs but also act as a strategic lever that propels innovative ideas and solutions across the group due to the relatively equal interrelationships among members (Appelbaum et al., 2004). Cross-cultural groups operate optimally when leaders are able to respect the values of individuals from diverse backgrounds and demonstrate an adequate comprehension of their diverse cultural perspectives (Appelbaum et al., 2004; Waldman et al., 2006), hence the need to nurture a collectivist environment that ensures protection of group members in return for loyalty and respect (Hofstede, 1993; Waldman et al., 2006). As demonstrated by the diversity programs in large multinational organizations such as Coca Cola and IBM, it is my reasoned submission that a collectivist environment will assist me in not only becoming increasingly accessible to group members (Appelbaum et al., 2004) but also in the demonstration of the desired cultural awareness and cultural understanding of the cross-cultural group due to the close bond that exists when individuals act as members of a group (Casimir & Waldman, 2007). As demonstrated in the literature, communication competence, creation of resonance, emotional stability, sensitivity to individual needs, and motor abilities are key diversity competencies for leaders in situations whereby the conditions for multicultural or multi-dime
Introduction The social institute of policing changes over the years and adapts to the general tendencies in the society. The purpose of the police is to serve the society and to regulate it. However, at the same time, the society itself influences and reforms the police work. It creates a unique relation of interdependence between the police’s elements and functions and the societal needs. The objective of the paper is to compare and contrast the major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing, and identify the skills necessary for the police trainees nowadays. It seeks to define community policing and explore the difference between it and traditional policing, examine the important elements of community policing, and determine qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess. Major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing Police work varies depending on the period time in history because different epochs determine the functions of the police differently. Policing in America can be roughly divided into two eras. The political era dates back to the 19th century when the main function of the police was patrolling the streets because the metropolitan areas started to become more dangerous with the increase in their population. The peculiarities of that epoch included the inadequate communication systems between different police units and the lack of human and financial resources for patrolling in all the areas of bigger cities. Apart from that, with the lack of supervision, many police officers from all the levels of the hierarchy were corrupt, some were involved in the unrespectable political campaigns and criminal activities (Broderick, 1977). Thus, during the political era of policing the society did not have any influence or control over the police. However, various public frustrations eventually resulted in reform. The reform era of policing starts from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. It is associated with the introduction of means of supervision and thought-though administration. The police reform movement is linked to one of its leaders August Vollmer, whose initiatives helped to implement discipline and new values to the police force (Uchida, 2015). Similarly political and reform policing rely on the concept of authority and are empowered to counteract the resistance in the community (Uchida, 2015). However, these two types of policing are very different in terms of administration, the political policing is chaotic and non-supervised, whereas the reform one has hierarchy and discipline. Skills and knowledge that are imparted to police trainees Duri
Therapeutic reduction is one of the commonly used tools to analyze the nature or origin of criminal activities. For instance, the concept has been used by theorists to explain how poverty is a leading cause of crime in society. Proponents of this tool argue that individuals who live below the poverty line might be motivated to engage in felonies. The main driving force is to acquire resources or wealth and eventually lead better lives (Bystrova & Gottschalk, 2015). The framework goes further to explain why a person’s hereditary orientation can encourage him or her to abuse different drugs. From a personal perspective, I strongly believe that the argument that therapeutic reduction is nothing more than an excuse for abdicating responsibility for one’s actions is a fallacy. This is the case because history has proved that people’s living conditions and experiences will dictate how they lead their lifestyles. For instance, sociological arguments and conflict theories have explained how people engage in criminal activities (Bystrova & Gottschalk, 2015). A good example is how the increasing levels of poverty in a given community can stimulate more people to engage in crime. The tool has been widely used to explain why specific people become addicted to drugs. It might be argued that some people become alcoholics because of their irresponsible behaviors. However, scientists have indicated clearly that the behavior is correlated to genetic composition. Tuvblad and Beaver (2013) go further to indicate that a therapeutic reduction is an evidence-based tool that can be used to explain why several people engage in drug abuse in society. The contentious issue emerging from the use of therapeutic reduction in the application of double standards in society today. This is the case because society should be aware of the unique situations and risk factors associated with a given condition or malpractice (Tuvblad & Beaver, 2013). This understanding will ensure a given legal practitioner or social worker is capable of describing the unique behavior exhibited by an individual. Does a Person’s Surrounding Dictate His or Her Actions? Statistics recorded in the United States show conclusively that many people living in poverty will engage in different malpractices such as crime. Bystrova and Gottschalk (2015) go further to argue that individuals who lived in abuse households will have increased chances of becoming violent. The concept of peer pressure has been supported by criminologists and theorists because it motivates individuals to copy specific behaviors and practices. Psychologists have also indicated that the environment is one of the factors dictating a person’s behaviors and actions. When these ideas are combined with the therapeutic reduction model, more experts will be able to understand why some people engage in different malpractices such as drug abuse or crime.
Introduction Siebel Limited has been a giant in designing, developing, marketing, and supporting customer relationship management software. Thomas M. Siebel found the Company in 1993 and the company was one named to be the fastest growing technology firm in the United States. By then, the company had sales of about forty five percent of the total sales in the industry. Statement of Problem In 2001, the company started slipping backwards especially in terms of sales. The growth of the company went down and the company’s rivals went past it. The company’s revenue tumbled by twenty two percent in one year when the corporate application software industry had only gone down by two percent. This is an indication that the company had greatly contributed to the downfall in the industry. The problem experienced by Siebel was caused by a weak economy and a software upgrade that the company had produced. The upgrade produced was very difficult to install and many customers were reluctant in buying it. The upgrade could cost the company a whole year to install which is a lot of time. The failure to satisfy its customers affected the publicity of the company to the users. SAP took over the ground that was previously enjoyed by Siebel. As Siebel was moving downwards, SAP was improving in revenue. Over sixty percent of the organizations that had bought the product were dissatisfied in that after two years of investing in the software, they had not recovered their investment. The products provided to the consumers by Siebel focus in customer relationship management applications which is only one area. The market has become competitive where consumers need software that consist integrated products. Specializing in one line when other suppliers are providing broad suites of integrated products made the company less competitive. Criteria for Solution Siebel has slipped backwards in terms of sales and revenue and the position has been taken up by its competitors. The future of the company depends on the solution that will be found to this problem (Gianakis, 2004, p.43). The company still has the capacity to make a timely decision that will put it back to its previous position. The company wants to gain its position of obtaining high revenues. The first cause of the down fall is the update that the company provided to its customers. This has reduced the loyalty of customers towards the company’s products. The research done showed that customers are dissatisfied with the update. Instead of denying the results, the company should conduct a research on its own to establish the truth in the matter. If the case is true, the company will then come up with a solution that will help solve the problem. The first solution will involve rebuilding the customer loyalty. The company should train its employees who will go out and install the update in the organizations (Mind Tools, 2006, para.7). The employees will also train employees in those organizations on how to use the software. This will make the software more efficient to
Personality Framework Analysis This case presents a classical picture of a situation in which different people offer contrasting management approaches. The personality traits and values of the two CEOs mentioned are completely different which results in different sets of approaches to the situation at the sporting and community club. The club had been recording impressive revenues but the board feels that there is a slow and lackluster development in the Management and Human Resources Department. Tim Johnson was hired to improve the department and inject new blood in the motivation and growth of the employees to reflect the successes achieved in growing profits (Drew 2008). The magnitude of the task was huge. First, numerous employees were not at work for either high stress levels visited upon them by the previous CEO or with serious cases of accidents. Hence, others were absent on compensation programs spanning up to 2 years (Drew 2008). Secondly, the early morning employees such as cleaners and janitors had not been monitored for a long time leading to a case where they had developed their own schedules. Finally, in as much as there was tremendous success in the club as reflected by the bottom-line and a high number employees, there was no record keeping of the personnel information. Additionally, procedures and programs were not documented and there was no clear communication between the departments. This worried Tim Johnson immensely as the new CEO and it made him wonder how the company had survived all this time without the requisite records (Drew 2008). The case study is a perfect scenario from which the author can analyze the personalities of a leader and how this affects managerial decisions. Personalities have a direct effect on a person’s behavior, which is automatically transferred to everyday decision-making regarding organizational matters. The previous CEO did not care about his employees. This is the reason they would fall sick because of high stress levels. Additionally, she (previous CEO) was inconsiderate of the environment the employees were working. This led to accidents, which would cost the company money in compensating the employees. An example is provided of an employee who was out of work for close to two years (Cattell 1996). Personality is the constant realignment of the psychological systems within an individual that determine his adaptations to the immediate environment. It is reflected by external traits or internal manifestations demonstrable by external acts. The extensive studies on personality have led to the concept of personality theory. This concept states that an individual’s inherent characteristics are de
Introduction Screenwriting for the films is required to represent the ideas to the cast, director, and others involved in the process. Further, the script affects how the movies, TV series, games, or other work will look on the screen. It is both a process of innovation and adaptation of the ideas of others that requires a balance. It is important to consider that screenwriters can not only convey other people’s ideas but also bring their own, as well as use literary methods and approaches that can make a film successful, or vice versa. Screenwriters are one of those people, without whose participation it is almost impossible to make a film. Screenwriting includes many literary elements that vary depending on the genre and point of view of the writer of the script. These elements reveal the scenario in different ways and influence the perception of the viewers. Literary Elements of Screenwriting Fiction The role of fiction in screenwriting is irreplaceable for any genre. Most of the films presented to the general public are based on fiction or have elements of it. This is based on the fact that there are not enough historical and present-day events that could be reproduced and filmed (Batty and Taylor, 2019, p.377). Moreover, most of the possible ideas have already been filmed in documentary or fictional materials. The film industry requires constant innovation as the public becomes more demanding. Because of this, the creativity of the film’s production team is important, as it will help bring innovative ideas and make the script interesting for further creation and projection on the screens of the audience. Screenwriters are usually part-time or seasonal employees for a particular movie, TV series, or any other show. This kind of work is very time-consuming and requires attention to detail, soft and hard skills. For the presentation of a story, the script is one of the most important aspects (Batty and Baker, 2018, p.2). Therefore, the participation of the screenwriters is essential in the film development process, as well as their ability to adapt the fiction into the script. In drama narratives, fiction is used to deliver the message of death, gender, or sexuality. At the same time, in speculative biographies, it is used to illuminate historical events (Batty and Baker, 2018, p.6). The use of fiction is a popular element in screenwriting but is used differently depending on the genre of the film. Screenwriter Voice Screenwriting fully describes the events occurring on the screen. In this case, every detail is important, as they play a role in conveying information to the filmmaking team itself and to the viewer. The role of a screenwriter is quite flexible, as it implies a number of tasks, such as adapting a script to an existing idea. Usually, in work, it is necessary to present several versions, while only one of them will be approved (Finnegan, 2017, p.209). Screenwriting requires the com
Sources of funding Setting up new venture requires funding from different source for inventory, working capital, to buy equipments, etc. The sources available for funding a new venture are: personal capital, funds from friends and family, loans from banks, venture capitalist, angel investors and government. Personal capital would be the wealth owned by the entrepreneur, this is the best option as the entrepreneur will not be dependant or answerable to anyone else. Second most beneficial option is getting funds from family members and close friends. They generally are less interested in the returns of the business and purpose is to help out grow. Option of acquiring loans from banks is always available but is not preferred much by such companies mainly because it reduces their return on investment (ROI) due to interest payments. Moreover, banks conduct extensive inquiries before providing loan and check the credit ratings. Plus interest payments become an obligatory task for entrepreneur even in hard times (Scribd, 2010). Another option is acquiring funds from venture capitalists who are in search of businesses with high potential and their focus is mainly on future growth and ROI (Scribd, 2010). Angel investors are another option to get funds from; they are the wealthy people willing to take high risks (Reference for Business, 2010). Moreover, government programs for small business can be a good source of funds. Among all of them personal capital and funds from friends and family members are the best source to start with. Besides this venture capitalist funding is all beneficial as they provide advisory services also regarding the business therefore entrepreneur gets a helping hand also. Capital structure A new business needs to determine its capital structure depending on their future plans. Initially generally it’s feasible to have higher equity to debt ratio that is more equity should be invested by the owner to attract financing. This form of equity investment can be attained through personal funds, capital from friends and family members and other than this equity investment can be acquired from venture capitalist too who are willing to lend for longer tenure but only in high potential businesses. However, the above argument does not indicate that no debt should be incorporated in the business, a proportion of loan from banks and Small Business Administration (SBA) should also be incorporated in the business. Debt is an important aspect in the business because equity financing means more investors are entitled for decision making thus the greater the number of investors the more chances of difference in opinion thus borrowed money in form loan can reduce this problem (M