ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Limitations of the preoperational stage This theory focuses on children’s disability rather than ability. It assumes that a child’s thinking is rigid and shaped by how things are presented or appear (Brown 253). It fails to address how things remain the same when other outward features are altered. Therefore, it suffers from the conservation of objects. Video for limitations of Conservation The video clip explains the cognitive limitation of conservation that distorts the learning of a child. Children are subjected to tests to measure whether they can conserve objects when changed from one place to another without losing their original sense. Limitations of concrete operational stage Research indicates that while children make considerable success they register limitations of abstract reasoning (Brown 253). A video clip for limitations of reasoning Describe which parenting style is most likely to employ the methods described in the articles? Parents in this situation would most likely select the authoritative parenting style to manage children because they are left to make their own choices under a guided framework. Why would a parent from this parenting style choose and employ these strategies with their children? The authoritative parenting style is appropriate because it revolves around character development through appreciating every good thing done by a child. Parents set rules for the children and motivate them to emulate to become responsible, well behaved, and hardworking. Effects of parenting style on a child’s self-esteem According to research, parenting styles affect a child’s intelligence, development, confidence, and approach to life (Baumrind, 62). Authoritative parents allow their children to exploit their full potential, set standards, and give them limits. They also monitor children closely and give them support when they commit mistakes. This makes the child’s self-esteem develop and become their guard. Erikson’s two-Stage development process The first two-stage development process during childhood takes place at the age of five years. The child undergoes the initiative vs. guilt stage where the child starts to play with others and becomes assertive. Parents control how the children make plans by assisting them in making decisions to become self-initiative. Also, at this stage, the child becomes very inquisitive and if ignored the Childs ability to interact becomes poor and he or she feels guilty. When properly handled, the child develops a sense of purpose for life. The industry vs. inferiority development stage starts when the child is ten years. The child starts the learning process at this stage where he demonstrates his competencies, becomes industrious and confident. When restricted, the child becomes inferior and lacks the courage to show his competencies. This stage leads to developing competitive ability. The last stage in the two-stage development is the identity vs. role confusion stage which happens at the age of above thirteen years where children change and assume the role of adults. Adolescents shape up the child physically to realize their role in the famil
Introduction Qualitative research is the method in which researchers find out about how man behaves and the reasons behind those behaviors. Qualitative research usually involves a smaller sample of individuals. However, the sample is usually focused. Collection of data (primary research) for a qualitative study may be done through various methods including carrying out in-depth interviews, carrying out focus groups or through observations (Mason, 2002). The primary research conducted involved conducting two in-depth interviews and a focus group that were conducted online through Facebook. The main aim was to find out people’s views on the packaging of chocolate ‘Twix’ and its effect on health. This paper focuses on comparing the different types of research used and it will show how observation and diary research would be more effective. Comparison between the different types of research methods used Both in-depth interviews and focus groups are used in qualitative study but both have differences and are applicable in different situations. An in-depth interview involves the asking of open-ended questions by the researcher. The questions aim at retrieving rich information. The interviewer gets the opportunity to explore the interviewee’s perceptions and attitudes. Focus groups, on the other hand, involve an interviewer asking a group of people some questions about the subject of discussion. The interviewer also seeks to get their opinions, attitudes and perception about the particular object of discussion. In the current research, the people’s perceptions about the packaging and effects of chocolate on their health were recorded. The advantage of using
Introduction   * Globalization as the focus behind the establishment of free trade;   * Free trade = cheaper goods for services;   * Protectionism = more expensive products but protected industries. As the international trade becomes more convenient due to globalization, a new domestic issue has arisen within many countries involving the implementation of free trade or protectionist practices when it comes to their local markets. Many argue that free trade would enable local consumers access to cheaper goods while counter arguments centered on protectionism focus on the protection of local markets from cheap imports. At the center of these issues is the necessity of governments to balance the needs of their citizens with the necessity of being competitive by having a more open market through free trade practices. Root Cause of the Issue   * Necessity of Protecting local industries versus Cheaper Prices for consumers (Martin, 2010).   * Tariffs and taxes slow down trade and make it more expensive (Martin, 2010). The root cause of the problem is the desire for local industries to be protected from an influx of cheap foreign imports versus local consumers benefiting from cheaper products. It should also be noted that the implementation of protectionist measures regarding imports from certain countries also results in these countries implementing their own form of protection as well. The end result is the creation of numerous tariffs and trade restrictions which make the flow of goods and services more expensive and difficult. Advantages of Free Trade   * Cheaper goods and services;   * Access to more markets;   * Easier time to transport goods. The advantage of free trade is that this allows markets from different countries to freely trade with one another without restrictive in the form of significant tariffs, taxes and other restrictions. This makes the prices of particular goods and services far cheaper for local consumers and results in them being able to buy more for less. Aside from this, under a free trade agreement countries would have greater access to the local markets of other countries resulting in a greater chance for profit. Disadvantages of Free Trade   * Creates vulnerability in local markets;   * Overwhelmed local industries;   * Product Dumping. The main disadvantage of free trade is possibility of product dumping wherein cheap foreign imports would overwhelm locally made products resulting in the closure of those particular industries (Martin, 2010) . This is one of the main fears associated with the creation of free trade agreements and why protectionist measures are often put in place to prevent this. Advantages of Protectionism   * Protected local industries;   * Ensures their continued existence. The advantage of protectionism is that this al
Introduction Countries in the modern world are facing numerous challenges and multiculturalism appears to be one of these issues to handle. The Australian society has been dominated by Anglo-Europeans for a long time, but the demographic pattern is starting to change, and the dominance starts to lead to tension. The Australian educational system may become the necessary solution to the problem, but it also has to be changed. Banks (2006) stresses that educators have to focus on the development of cross-cultural competency. Singh (1998) also claims that education has particular functions and development of certain values in students is one of the key elements. At the same time, the system is subjected to the influence of trends existing in the society and prejudice existing in Australian society is manifested in educational establishments. It is possible to consider a case of a teacher having an issue related to multiculturalism to understand the way Australian education is developing and make suggestions on improving the system. Possible Causes of the Actions The teacher found himself in quite a complicated situation as he started a discussion that evolved in an unexpected manner. There are a number of causes for such development of actions. One of these causes is the major characteristic of Australian society, which is still dominated by one ethnic group. Singh (1998) notes that financial constraints have shown that society is far from being truly democratic in terms of the rights of minorities. More so, racism, xenophobia and intolerance persist in the society. A classroom setting can be regarded as a small model of the entire society. El-Haj (2007) also provide numerous examples when Palestinian students in the US had to face numerous issues as they were often associated with terrorists and unwanted aliens. Thus, trends existing in society have become one of the major causes of the situation. Clearly, the teacher also made certain mistakes that led to the situation (the mistakes will be considered below). He did not expect that the discussion will turn into slanging. The teacher wanted to elicit students’ ideas and instead got an argument. Of course, this was a result of the teacher’s being unprepared. It is possible to note that the class could have a negative impact on students in a number of ways. Thus, students now understand they have quite different ideas on the history lessons, society and their roles in the society. The confrontation among students pertaining to different ethnic backgrounds may increase. Furthermore, students pertaining to minority groups became silent and alienated, and this alienation can persist during other classes. The discussion showed that dominating groups still have more
Introduction For a long time, nursing has been associated with the female gender. The first nurses were women, and the trend has continued for years without substantial change. The profession grew from a point of care provision to a recognized profession and the roles changed. Though it has been proved that the satisfaction of the patient is not related to the gender of the nurse, still there are findings that illustrate support the argument 1 . This paper seeks to show why the profession has been dominated by women and why there are low men recording especially in the US and Canada. Gender differences in nursing The issue of gender in the nursing profession within Canada and the US needs to be examined. Some studies have suggested that the patient satisfaction in some instances has a very slight link with the nurse’s gender. The career patterns between male and female nurses have been very distinct before, but the two have a shared link now. Women in their career patterns are said to take up lateral moves. On the contrary, men make linear career moves. This means that a woman is likely to spend much time in one career compared to a man. For instance, a female nurse will spend much time in the nursing before training for another post. This is commonly known as the certificate gathered syndrome which mostly affects women 2 . On the contrary, men are taking up the linear career whereby they consider a career in which flexibility is fostered. Men are not grossly affected by the certificate gathered syndrome like women 3 . In the nursing context, the option for nurses to stick to the nursing career is based on many factors. The dominance of females h
The technical progress is an ongoing process that is beneficial for the society in a significant way. Renewable energy is nowadays seen as one of the best opportunity for changing the manufacturing and creating environmentally friendly society. Despite the fact that the power of wind, sun, and water can be transformed into energy the great majority of people argue the importance of the renewable energy system implementation proving that the disadvantages should always be taken into account for the prevention of bad consequences. According to John Twidell, the renewable energy can be defined as the “energy obtained from naturally repetitive and persistent flows of energy occurring in the local environment” (Twidell and Weir 3). There are different types of the renewable energy, namely solar, wind, tidal, wave, and biomass. Every kind of the source has advantages and disadvantages. The main disadvantage is cost expenses. Solar panels can provide the electricity supplies for the whole building that is very effective and frugal. The tidal power is beneficial for islands and can prevent floods (Linscott 43). It should be stated that the system of renewable energy provides the highest index of usage and it shortages the negative impact on the environment. This is a good solution to satisfy human needs as there are almost no wastes; consequently, it will promote an environmentally friendly attitude (Kothari 1514). By the implementation of the renewable energy system, the greenhouse effect and the global warming process will be reduced. The production of wind energy does not require water usage that is significantly important for the dry regions (Nelson 21). One of the benefits that a renewable energy system will provide is the improvement of human health. The wastes produced by coal and natural gas are considered to be the first reason that causes cancer and heart diseases. Solar and wind systems do not pollute air and water; consequently will lead to a healthier society and will decrease healthcare costs (Bazilian et al. 328). Although the implementation of the renewable energy system will be beneficial to the environment and human health, the advantages do not end there. Fossil fuel technologies are mechanized, and there is no need to hire a lot of people for the system to work. The wind and solar industry will provide workplaces as there are a lot of spheres that need to be taken into account, namely project development, construction, installation, and transportation. According to recent researches, the solar industry supported more than 100,000 workers, whereas the hydroelectric system offered almost 250,000 workplaces (“Solar Industry Facts and Figures” para 2). Moreover, a renewable energy system allows balancing the energy price that is beneficial for the country’s economy and the budget of every citizen. One of the disadvantages of wave power is the susceptibility of the equipment. The devices of wind power can overcome storms and hurricanes; however, it is almost impos
Introduction The company, which will be analyzed is engaged in the sphere of restaurants and is the network of entertainment enterprises. Maxi-M network is the Swedish company, which acts on the European market of entertainments and high-class restaurants. The main feature, which attracts clients are the menu, which includes the cuisine of most European countries (including restored recipes), vividly expressed elements of exclusive interior and the special atmosphere within the team, which is communicated to the clients and visitors. In the light of this fact, it is necessary to emphasize that the popularity of this restaurant network is not doubted, nevertheless, there is strong necessity to research and describe the environmental factors of its business activity. Global Economic Interdependence, Trade Practices and Agreements It has been already emphasized, that the company is international, and its activity is spread all over Europe. Consequently, the business activity depends on the character of business relations among the counties of European Union. As for the matters of interdependence, it should be stated that the level of this interdependence is rather high, as the products and ingredients for some meals are supplied only from other countries. Thus, Maxi-M Corporation essentially depends on the milk farms of Italy, vegetable plantations of France, Brazilian coffee plantations and supplies of tropical fruit from Africa and Latin America. Searching for the high-quality products, Maxi-M aims to reduce the price of the goods by requiring wholesale discounts. Thus, it is the largest customer for some small companies, which make accent on restricted, but high-quality agricultural goods. These trade relations have also formed the particular trade practice and the set of trading agreements, which form the basis of trading and business performance of the company. Demographics and Physical Infrastructure The structure of Maxi-M Corporation is the unique junction of professional management and innovative approach towards the communication process within a team. Originally, the company’s main aim is the steady and constant development, thus, it puts an essential emphasis on youth and on students, thus, the preference for the location of the new restaurants is given to the cities with large universities. Demographic environment of the company is not stipulated by the economic environment of the country; however, it is selected by the management of the corporation. The energy, the creativity and the new perspective vision, which youth can offer is used for the development of the company, and constant improvement of rules and principles of business activity. As for the physical infrastructure, it is not essentially developed, nevertheless,
Myanmar is a country that has a calculated trijunction spot between South East Asia, China and South Asia. Its people are keen to not let go of its traditions. This paper will mainly focus on marriage and family life in Myanmar. It will also discuss in great length of the Myanmar custom of weddings, life after wedding, average number of children, child discipline, dating and engagement, differences in family life between the rich, middle class and poor, divorce and care for the elderly. The Myanmar people take the dating and engagement process seriously. In the ancient days, the female would take up to three years to give an answer to a suitor who had approached her but times have changed and it does not necessarily take that long. Most of there relationships are matched according to the day of birth. For instance, someone born on Sunday is believed to be well matched with someone born on Friday. In the present day and there is no exact way in meeting of the young people of differing gender. When the two young people decide to make there union official, a third party comes to the picture that is normally an older aunty or grandparent to the male or female of the dating couple. Next, a delegation comprising of the uncles, aunties and parents is prepared to go and ask for the girls hand in marriage. There is an authorized speaker on both sides whose responsibility is to praise qualities of the intending couple. The other main role of the authorized speaker from the man’s side is to make the proposal for marriage, which is accepted. When the spokesperson is handing in his proposal, it is expected of the groom to be to present gold or diamonds for his wife to be. This action will ultimately lead them to setting a date for the wedding. Members of the family and not the dating couple do the process of engagement in Myanmar (Tu 1). Weddings in Myanmar are not necessarily religious occasion hence the bridal team does not exchange vows in the eyes of an all-powerful God but rather they bless their union by exchanging vows courtesy of their relations in addition to parents. The wedding day is a big event in the life of a Myanmar girl thus; they take every step with a lot of caution. The accepted bridal colors to be used in the wedding are yellow, cream, pink and white. Small flower girls who carry customary gilded cups normally lead the procession team. The parents of the groom follow closely after the groom with the grooms’ men following by. On the left side of the podium, the family of the groom encircles him while he is seated on a round pillow. Only after this is done is when the parents of the bride get in. The bride then comes in with her bridesmaids following closely then she sits on the right hand region. The wedding is ready to commence at any time when all this is put in place. The wedding ends when an elder gives a verbal communication on the expected actions of marriage. On the way out, the newly weds proceed out the door and they are met with friends who stand at either side of the door holding gold necklaces so that the groom can pay his way out (Tut 1). After the wedding, life begins for the newly weds and there are three vital things
Modern companies make substantial investments in marketing; in fact, this set of activities is usually essential for their sustainability. This is why it is necessary to define marketing and explain its importance for modern organizations. In my opinion, this term can be understood as every activity that is aimed at creating an extra value for the customers and ensuring that the company’s products or services appeal to the buyers. This is one of the possible explanations of this concept. But there are other definitions. For instance, Julian Gaspar says that marketing is “the determination of the needs and desires of markets so that products and services can be developed, prices, promoted, and distributed” (2005, p. 276). This interpretation focuses on specific activities that are involved in marketing. Other scholars emphasize the role customers and their needs. For example, Alan Fyall and Brian Garrod argue that marketing consists in determining the needs of target markets or finding ways of satisfying these needs (2005, p. 7). Thus, one can say that this term can be discussed from different perspectives. Overall, these definitions show that marketing plays a vital role in many organizations. First of all, it is important for understanding what clients actually want or what they expect from products or services of companies. This is why a great number of businesses conduct customer surveys in order to determine what kind of things buyers value most of all. For instance, software developers usually encourage users to test their products long before they are released. In this way, they can better users’ needs and eliminate the defects of products. Thus, marketing is essential for increasing customers’ satisfaction. Additionally, marketing is important for increasing customers’ awareness about their products. Without it, companies can hardly hope for substantial revenues. This is why they develop strategies for spreading the information about their offerings. As a rule, they spend much time determining what kind of media is most suitable for them. For instance, they can choose television, radio, or internet. Their choice may depend on their product or the lifestyles of clients. These examples show that marketing strategies can be effective only if they take into account the behavio