ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Shmuel Yosef was a writer and a key figure in contemporary Jewish fiction. His writings tackle “conflicts in traditional living in Judaism, language, and contemporary world” (Balaban 420). As he said, religious books, viz. Talmud and Torah, mostly swayed the works of Agnon. He acquired the name “Agnon” from one of his stories influenced by the Jewish term Agunah that represents a woman that is not capable of remarrying after being refused a divorce or being abandoned by her husband. Some argument has been raised as to what could have led to Agnon choosing this name with some claiming that it is metaphorical to the abandonment of Israel by deity (Balaban 419-420). The metaphor as illustrated in Torah concerns the moment that Israel had turned away from God and God abandoned them for their disobedience. In many stories, ordinary themes of Jewish traditions are portrayed through journeys. This paper discusses the stories of Agnon and the manner in which they metaphorically signify and characterize the customs and traditions of Judaism. Agunot At the start of the story “Agunot”, Agnon employs the styles of symbolism and metaphor that act as a foundation of the ensuing plot. In stating that “a thread of grace is spun and drawn out of the deeds” (Yefet 440) and that “Holy One, blessed be He, in His glory, sits and weaves” (Yefet 440), it is insinuated that God intertwines a shawl of prayers that is woven from substances consisting of deeds of the Jewish people. Like the midrashic starting ends, the deeds of the Jewish people are structured in accordance with love. Out of the deeds of accomplished and pure love, God intertwines with the help of the threads (mercy and grace). The aforementioned metaphor comes up at the opening of the story. From the “Agunot” story, the author acquired his name “Agnon”. In this story, the author has altered the term “Agunah” from a law in Judaism to psychological status of being. In Judaism, “Agunah” denotes a woman that is married but has lost his husband (perhaps in battle or indifferent settings where he could be believed to have passed on). When the whereabouts of the husband s not identified, the wife turns out to be lawfully “attached”. The word “Agunah” is obtained from a Hebrew name “Ogen” that signifies “attached”. Therefore, the wife cannot be married again before being issued with a divorce by her husband. In this regard, the wife is in an indefinite state, caught up in two worlds. In the “Agunot”, the author changes the lawful Agunah into a psychological Agunah, portraying multiple instances of personified souls destined to be ter
The Indian Ocean, one of the three largest oceans on earth, is a major economic, social and cultural resource for millions of people in Africa, Asia, Australia as well as other continents that use it for various purposes. It runs from the eastern shores of the massive African continent to Australia in the west, frames the entire southern shoreline of the Asian continent and moves as far south as Antarctica. Currently, statistics indicate that the annual value of international trade through the Indian Ocean is worth more than $ 1 trillion (Connell, 2009). Estimates also indicate that the value of trade is likely to increase with a large margin due to the increasing economic performances of the countries in Africa, Asia, China, and Australia. In particular, the increasing interest of China, India and other southern Asian states in the Africa-Asia and Asia-European trade is expected to play a significant role in determining the future of the Indian Ocean trade as well as the Indian Ocean World. In his work, Anthony Reid developed one of the most successful research studies on the status, role and future of the Indian Ocean on human lives. In his work “age of commerce-15th to the 17th century”, Reid portrays a maritime arena that was characterized by massive cultural and economic exchanges and interactions between the port cities and port city-states in China, the Arab World, India, and some African states. Although some scholars have challenged this notion, it has been agreed that the commercial input of Reid’s maritime arena was evident and continued to play a critical economic role for the centralized states depending on the ocean. Reid further notes that the ocean played a vital role in the cultural, economic and social interaction between various communities in various parts of the world in the early modern history, especially between the 17th century and the end of the 19th century. Although Europe is not part of the continents bordering the Indian Ocean, Europeans have been probably the greatest beneficiaries of the Ocean. For instance, Britain, Netherlands, Portugal, Germany, and France used the Indian Ocean trade and navigation routes to reach the eastern part of Africa, southern Asia and South East Asia to expand their trade routes, develop colonial and overseas posts and expand military welfare. India, Britain’s second most important colony after the USA, was the best example of the overseas colonies that the UK benefitted from due to the proximity of the Indian Ocean. The spread of English and Portuguese languages, European culture and economic systems across the Indian Ocean were significant, especially in South Asia and East African states. In modern times, the US, China, and India are the largest players of the development, control and use of the Indian Ocean, trade routes therein and other activities. For instance, since 2000, China has increased its activities in the ocean by more than ten times. In particular, the current China-Africa trade relationships are defining the future of the Indian Ocean World. For example, Ch
Acknowledgement I wish to express my most profound gratitude to Norman Nimmo, the Municipal Recycling Coordinator for the City of Lawrence, for allowing me the opportunity to meet him to discuss the town’s new waste management and recycling program, and providing me with valuable references. My sincere appreciation also goes to Tom Lynch, for giving me a tour of the Hudson, NH transfer facility, which processes Lawrence city’s recycled material. My gratefulness to Dr. R M Jackson, professor of English at UNH, for guiding me to use my literacy in this project from an enhanced perspective, and for directing me the relevant articles on the subject of this research. I would also like to place on record my sincere gratitude to Tom Billbrough for providing insightful feedback on the multiple drafts of the survey and this report. My heartfelt thanks also to Maxima Perez and Laura Perez for distributing printed surveys, and to Natasha Urena and Jennifer Reyes whose contribution by going door to door in Lawrence with me to census individual’s recycling practice were instrumental in this work. I dedicate this research project to my four year old daughter Alleyah, who had to sacrifice her daily routine for many weeks why I was handling this project. Executive Summary Recycling is a highly accepted practice of stewardship in the United States, and Latinos represent a significant portion of the US population. However, studies claim that most of them have little involvement with recycling efforts. Informal recycling is a common phenomenon in Latin America and individuals that live in extreme poverty like waste pickers, collect items directly from dumps for their survival. Families of modest living pass used items, such as clothes, furniture, etc., among family members and friends to augment their resources. In contrast, programmed recycling is for an elite group of educated people albeit a very small percentage, that understand environmental impact and economic advantages of this system. Multiple studies have established that Hispanic of low socio-economic levels, living in the US, alienate themselves from environmental efforts such as recycling. For the most part, this occurs due to the lack of awareness in the matter and/or personal cultural experiences. Meanwhile, more educated and those in the higher socio-economic class, tend to engage in environmental efforts. This is different for the second and successive generations of Latino immigrants, that are born and raised in the US who express more interest in environmental matters. A survey conducted in Lawrence,
Abstract The main objective of this study is to synthesize organizational theories in order to analyze and solve organizational problem in a creative and innovative way. The organizational problem in this case is Rollers over ambitious and risky strategies to maintain its position as a premium provider of design and marketing services. The study explores different theories and their relevance in solving organizational problems. Major decisions of the company are only made by the five founding directors or their representatives and this means that there subordinates have limited powers. The business must take a lot of caution in its strategies aimed at maintaining their position in the industry. The company should also delegate duties to its staff to ensure balance of power, continuous learning and sustainability. Introduction Roller is an innovative studio found in Surry Hills, Sydney. The company was established in the year 2009 by five directors with diverse experience and skills in marketing and design. The diverse experiences and specialties of these directors matched the company’s philosophy of creating more comprehensive solutions for its clients. While most agencies make massive profit from marking –up external suppliers, the company brings an alternative model to the sector, by charging value-based fees and not marking-up external service providers. This has ensured that the company upholds its status as the leading provider of design and marketing services (Roller studio 2011, p. 3). The overall objective of the company is to expand its operations beyond its current status. The other objectives of the company include: increasing its turnover to over $350000 in the current financial year, employing two positions in support of client management and design, obtaining two major clients accounting for $100000 in the present financial year, and to secure a major project in excess of $100000 (Roller studio 2011, p. 3). With the intention to provide services to the clients who share similar philosophy as the company, the company intends to attract like minded clients through a person-to person referral system. Presently, the company serves to major clients in the property development sector. However, the company has also extended its services to other realms including: the hotel industry, airline industry and manufacturing industry. The company continues to pay a lot of attention to these areas because they offer high value brands. This harmonizes the company’s products and services positioning which is strongly linked to brand management (Roller studio 2011, p.
Though most of the ethnicities that one can encounter during a journey across North America and particularly the United States have been studied thoroughly, there is one that seems to have been living in the shadow over the past several centuries. The Moorssalc people The settlements of the Moorssalc people are traditionally found in the suburban areas of the United States, the realm of the local educational establishments. However, it has been noted that the tribe tends to change its location regularly from the aforementioned area to the places known as the Eiretefac in the daytime. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that the Moorssalc tribe is a settled one. Throughout their long evolution, Moorssalcs have contributed to the academic progress of the United States considerably. The names of the most honored contributors, however, are rarely kept in the annals of history. As a rule, Moorssalc people display keen abilities to acquire new information and sometimes store it quite long, yet forget the newly learned facts instantly unless the latter are drilled properly. The Moorssalc written language tradition is very obscure; sometimes even the embers of the Moorssalc community cannot make out what their predecessors have written. The mysterious transcripts are commonly known as Nossel Seton. Though most of the Moorssalc people are quite independent, they are supposed to follow the societal hierarchy, complying with the orders of their chief, the Rehcaet. Several times a year, the Moorssalc people do the rite of Snoitanimaxe, which is a commonly disliked, yet integral part of being a member of the Moorssalc community. After considering the result, the Rehcaet passes the judgment whether each of the participants deserves to bear the title of the Moorssalc member.
Introduction Mental health is quite important in defining the mental well being of a person. This is due to the fact that the mind and behavior are interconnected. Poor coordination or disconnection between the two renders a person in a state of abnormality. In this context, reality implies what the society has conceived to be acceptable and those who deviate from such standards or do not agree are considered to be abnormal (Plomba, 2010). This approach is psychologically referred to as cognitive behavioral approach. This reflective essay discusses cognitive behavioral approach and how it might be incorporated in a counselor’s work, with reference to several authentic references. Cognitive Therapy From a general perspective, cognitive process encompasses a wide range of a person’s mental health and composition. These elements include but not limited to mental images, attitudes, ideas and beliefs. This is to say that cognitive therapy is founded on the argument that some health complications in a person’s life could be attributed to his or her way of thinking. Such health problems may include phobias and depression among others. In this line of thought, it suffices to mention that therapists are usually charged with the responsibility of explaining the mental patterns of clients for their better understanding (Plomba, 2010). This is usually important in analyzing the safety, truthfulness and overall nature of one’s thoughts, since thoughts have the potential of causing health problems or worsening a mild and manageable health issue. The main aim of this approach is to allow a person to change his or her way of thinking by avoiding related imaginations and thoughts. It can further augment the ability of a person to adopt more realistic and productive thoughts. From this analogy, I believe that thoughts play a significant role in defining a person’s overall health status, even though mental health is more profound. In essence, thoughts create a link between stimuli that are commonly evoked in the human body. In other words, stimuli trigger various thoughts, which could be as a result of personal judgment concerning an issue, which in turn generates emotions at any given moment (Counseling Directory, 2012). Similarly, it is worth noting that under cognitive therapy, an emotional response is always triggered by the stimulus and individual judgment and perception over the stimulus. In addition, there are two assumptions, which emphasize the use cognitive therapy. The first is when the client in question has the mental capability of recognizing personal thoughts and the need of changing them. The second assumption, which is equally important, is that the reality may be distorted or misrepresented especially in cases where there are stimuli being elicited. This interference usually affects the accuracy of the reality. For instance, what a person perceives with regard to a given experience and expected em
Myers (2009) outlines different perspectives used by psychologists to explain the motivation concept which include: drive reduction theory, arousal theory and hierarchy of needs by Maslow. Maslow’s theory stands out because it explains motivation in a broader perspective. For example, it is only when one’s hunger is satisfied that the issue of the family the person comes from becomes of concern. The homeless are more concerned about where their next meal will come from than the need to belong. Myers (2009) classifies emotions into embodied, expressed and experienced emotions. Stress is defined as “a process of appraising and responding to a threatening or challenging event” (Myers, 2009, p. 238). Stress stands out especially in end of semester exams when many students express tension and anxiety. Myers (2009) asserts that stress has a suppressing effect on the functioning of the immune system through behaviors which worsen conditions such as heart diseases, cancer and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. He notes that the engagement of skills in activities boosts the well-being, self esteem and competence while satisfaction of employees encourages creativity, the desire to help, persistence and positive attitudes. Myers (2009) thus recommends that strengths of employees are harnessed and matched to work. Motivation is defined as “the desire to perform a behavior due to the promise of a reward or threat of punishment, or just for its own sake” (Myers, 2009, p. 235). The main perspectives on motivation are the drive reduction theory, arousal theory and hierarchy of needs (Wentzel & Wigfield, 2009). Drive reduction theory suggests that unsatisfied needs cause a drive to reduce the need which depends on incentives. Arousal theory is of the perspective that the unmet needs cause an aroused feeling. This feeling is manifested through tension and physical energy. The hierarchy of needs theory suggests that there are different needs in a hierarchical order. The lower needs include hunger and thirst. The order increases to the need to belong, safety needs, self esteem and self actualization (Waitley, 1993). This theory applies best to me since the needs it addresses are broad and applicable in many situations. For example, before we had a home of our own, I was only concerned with food and how to get something to eat. Our relocation to a new home caused me to focus on forming new friends at school and in the neighborhood. I have witnessed and heard of people dying of a broken heart. Normally, when one faces rejection, divorce, widowhood, and broken relationships the need to belong is not satisfied hence stress sets in. Once stress is not dealt with, the person engages in unhealthy behavior such as drinking and poor nutrition which adversely affect the health of the person even to death. Stress in this case may also lead many to commit suicide. GoodHealth (2007) suggests that forming a network of friends is a way of reduc
Marxism-Socialism in Germany in the 1890s and Communism in the USSR after the Revolution Marxism and eventually Socialism as ideologies are based on the ideas of Karl Marx about the opportunity to live in the society that will not be dependent on the laws of the economy in terms of the distribution of goods and services within it. In other words, Marx dreamt about the moment when people would abandon the free market concept and provide the state with the power to plan the economy and, thus, the distribution of everything (Todd and Waller 67). The ideology presupposed the elimination of the institution of the market as it had led, according to Marx, to the erosion of society and its segregation. He wanted all people to live as equals. Communism, as the continuation of Marx’s and Engels’ ideology, presented the idea of the society without government. While Socialism had the concept of the government planning of literally everything, Communism had the goal to create the society in which all people would be equal, in all meanings, and there would be no government at all. Marxism-Socialism was based on the ideas of Marx, but it was implemented in its non-radical form in Germany (Todd and Waller 78). Socialists believed that a planned economy would save the country from the issues brought by Capitalism, such as corruption, for example. Communists went far and abolished private ownership, nationalizing property of businesspeople of that time. The philosophy of Marx, in its pure form, should have made the world better. The idea of work for the
Introduction Patient safety is one of the primary concerns of the healthcare system. Moreover, it is a significant global public healthcare issue. According to the World Health Organization (2017), one in 300 patients has a chance to be harmed in the process of care. At the same time, only one in a million travelers is at risk of some harm in an aircraft (World Health Organization, 2017). WHO states that one in ten patients is somehow harmed during hospital care in developed countries, which is a worrying statistic. Healthcare-associated infections make one of the spread factors threatening patient safety, with about 10% of patients developing them (World Health Organization, 2017). Patient safety depends on diverse factors that can be influenced to improve patient outcomes. For example, there is a supposition that models of nursing care organizations can have an impact on patient safety outcomes. Thus, the current paper focuses on the problem of patient safety in hospitals. One of the core points under discussion includes associations between patient safety outcomes and nursing care organizational models. Impact of Nursing Care Organization Model on Patient Safety The organization of the nursing staff is among the factors that influence the way the care is provided. The choice of nursing care organizational model determines the further process of care within every healthcare facility. Dubois et al. (2013), in their cross-sectional correlation study, investigate the impacts these models have on patient safety outcomes in hospitals. The study was conducted in 22 medical units of 11 Canadian hospitals. It included an evaluation of four nursing care organizational models, two of which were functional, and two were professional. The measurements included such negative events as “medication administration errors, falls, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, unjustified restraints, and pressure ulcers” (Dubois et al., 2013, p. 110). The data collection process included the incidence of one or more of these factors in every of the research participants. Out of 2699 patients, 412 (15.3%) experienced 568 diverse health-related problems during the experiment (Dubois et al., 2013). After the experiment, it was concluded that patients receiving care in the units with functional care models are at higher risk of experiencing one or more of the mentioned negative events than those in the units with professional care models (Dubois et al., 2013). It can be explained by the fact that in profession