ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Proper management of cash budget is an important practice in business management that enables an organization to efficiently utilize cash inflows and control the cash outflows. It is in this regard that this is study looks at the various issues that affect Alpine Wear’s cash budget. Seasonal Variations and Target Balance When cash requirements are higher, the target balance increases due to the expected increase in cash flow. This strategy can be recommended for a company like Alpine Inc due to the fact that short term budgeting is characterized by a lot of variations. The strategy would enable the company to overcome unexpected changes in expenditure due to procurement of raw materials, the variable cost of production, and other overheads. The strategy will enable the company to overcome any cash shortages. However, in case the company has compensating balance requirements, the strategy should not be recommended since the balance can cater for any emergency. When the volume of sales declines, it is important to add the variable target balance to the cash flow in the budget. On the other hand, when the sales increase, the value of the variable target balance is deducted from the total value of sales. Other Types of Inflows In addition to receipts, other categories of inflows that could occur in the budget include savings in labor cost, debt collection, savings in cost of production, and interest received from cash surplus. A 7% interest on bank loan should be reflected under the payment section of the cash budget. The interest rate is like expenditure in the budget. On the other hand, a 5% interest received from surplus cash should be reflected under the income section of the budget. The interest rate is an inflow into the company. Investment Policies The best investment policy that will provide liquidity and safety to the company is investing in treasury bills. Due to the size of the company’s capital base, investing in treasury bills will provide a great opportunity to increase liquidity since the bills mature within a short period of time. Investing in treasury bills will enable the company to get high returns. They also have low risks as compared to other policies such as insurance bonds. Apart from treasury bills, other types of securities that exist in the market include commercial paper and certificate of deposit. A commercial paper is a type of a promissory note that is given to investors who in turn pay the given amount after getting their proceeds from the investment. A commercial paper may mature within one day or 12 months. Commercial papers also create high liquidity and attract low risk. Certificate of deposit is another investment policy that can be used by an organization to invest its funds. Unlike, treasury bills and commercial papers that take a short period of time to mature, certificates of deposits mature after very many months or even years. However, they have a higher interest than commercial papers and treasury bills. An investor
Company profile Royal Dutch Shell Royal-Dutch Shell is the global giant of petroleum exploration and refining and marketing petroleum products and by-products internationally where STTC 1 of UK and RDPC 2 of Netherlands possess forty percent and rest sixty percent owned by other three subsidiaries of Shell Petroleum UK, USA and Netherlands and started its journey by registering in Hague in 1890 and London in 1897. The group is the biggest player in petroleum sector and conducts its international marketing with successful footprint of operation all over the world while it accounted around 13.3 % of FTSE- 100 and the highest contributor of British economy as well as global economy and climate with its presence in more than 130 countries with 108,000 employees worldwide. Major Factors Impacting the Creation of International Marketing Strategy Factors Impacting the Strategy of Choice of Host Countries A number of factors influence the creation of international marketing strategy of Royal Dutch Shell. According to Royal Dutch Shell (2010), Shell operates in over 90 nations, with conflicting assortment of political, legal, and fiscal constancy – this exposes the company to an extensive variety of political developments resulting changes to its corporate laws and regulations; moreover, uprising in politics, laws, and regulations greatly influence its operations and earnings. This means that the strategic decision-making of the company relating to the choice of host country is subjected to the political atmosphere of those respective countries (UBS, 2004). On the other hand, the global operations of the Royal Dutch Shell, in many cases, expose it to social instability, terrorism, and acts of war or piracy that considerably influence the production; simultaneously social and civil unrest, both within the countries in which it operates and internationally, affects the day to day operations and income (Royal Dutch Shell, 2010). This induces the strategy makers of the company to come up with a range of strategic approaches in order to formulate numerous guiding principles that is important for the company to study before it undertakes to choose any host country (Royal Dutch Shell, 2009). Some aspects that influence the selection of host nation includes the unfriendly business policies of the host governments, such as obligatory divestment of assets, expropriation of possessions, annulment of agreement rights, supplementary bonus taxes and further retroactive tax assertions, import and export barriers, international exchange controls, and changing set of laws regarding ecological safeguard as well as labour related legislations. In the upstream activities of the company, these barriers can prove to be additionally encroaching on land-tenure, re-writing of leases, prerogative to manufactured hydrocarbons, production rates, royalties and pricing; parts of
Background Concepts can be defined as the building blocks of a theoretical framework. Walker and Avant (2005) asserted that concept analysis is critical in helping various aspects of a concept to be used in theory and research. This paper provides analyses related to the concept of resilience. This concept has been chosen because it has widely been used in literature. Therefore, there is a need to have a centralized definition that can be accepted by all parties. The concept of resilience has widely been used due to the numerous tragedies witnessed in the world today. This leads to the need for one definition that is inclusive and acceptable across the board. This paper shall adopt the analysis method adopted by Walker and Avant (2005), in which the concept will be selected, followed by definition of the attributes, antecedents, and consequences, identification of a model case and borderline, related and contrary cases; and lastly, there will be the definition of the empirical referents regarding the concept. The concept of resilience Resilience has been incorporated in various disciplines, age groups, and cultural settings. Essentially, resilience is said to have originated from studies centered on children, who have been predisposed to adverse conditions (Werner and Smith, 1982). In addition, this concept owes its definitions from research on human behavior, in which it is defined to be the capacity to overcome suffering and transform the self (Greene, Galambos and lee, 2003). The definition also emanates from the ability to keep a proficient functioning during a distressful period. Resilience has been described to be the capability to return to the original position despite considerable adversity (Rutter, 1993). Initially, resilience referred to a personality trait, but this has changed, and resilience is now regarded as a dynamic and modifiable process (Luthar, Cicchetti, and Becker, 2000). According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary of the English Language (2002), resilience is “an ability to recover from or adjust easily to change or misfortune” (p. 596). In nursing, the level of functioning of patients is related to the definition of resilience. In this respect, Curly (1998) defined resilience as the ability of patients to return to a restorative level of functioning through the use of compensatory and coping mechanisms. In the definition of the concept of resilience, there is one thing that stands out. In essence, the capability of bouncing back is common in all the definitions. Brand and Jax (2007) defined resilience as the capability of a system to undergo shocking experiences but retain the same previous function. Resilience has also been defined as the capacity of human societies to endure and recover from stressful conditions (Simonsen, 2007). In archaeology, resilience has been linked to an adaptive cycle of exploitation, conservation, release, and reorganization. In this respect, change is considered as something that happens in episodes and is characterized by stabilizing and destabilizing forces (Redman, 2005). A common aspect among the
Life, Family, and Origin Virginia Woolf was born on the 25th of January, 1882 in Kensington, London. Her mother, Julia, was a philanthropist and model, and her father, Leslie Stephen, was a writer and biographer. Since both of her parents had been previously married and widowed, Virginia grew together with 2 half-brothers and 2 half-sisters in addition to three siblings. Woolf was brought up in socially acceptable conditions influenced by the Victorian Literary Society. While her brothers were educated at university, Virginia and her sisters were home-educated in English literature and Greek. A vivid impression that had made an impact on her was the summer home in St. Ives, Cornwall, and particularly the Godrevy Lighthouse, which she later used in her novel To the Lighthouse . The sudden death of her mother in 1895 and the death of her half-sister Stella several years later led to Virginia’s first nervous breakdown. Notwithstanding that, Virginia studied classics and literature at King’s College in London. It was there where she heard about the women’s rights movement and met Lilian Faithfull and Clara Pater. Virginia’s strongest episode of depression was caused by the death of her father in 1904, after which she was hospitalized. It is thought that Virginia’s episodes and depressive periods might have been caused by sexual abuse by her half-brothers. Throughout her, later life, Virginia was suffering from mood swings, which had a major impact on her social life and adaptation to the community. Marriage In 1912, Virginia got married to Leonard Woolf who was a writer. Despite the fact that his material state was low, Virginia fell in love with him. Their marriage lasted for 29 years and was considered an example of mutual respect and emotional support. Spouses also had professional relations in that they founded a publishing house Hogarth Press in 1917, which published some of Virginia’s works along with the ones of T. S. Eliot, Laurens van der Post, and others. Virginia held the view that in the patriarchal society, female writers needed support in their work. Her dream was to create a virtual space for herself and other women for developing a feminist critique of society. Woolf assisted her husband in publishing books in the Hogarth Press because there was no money to hire some employees. Relationship to T. S. Eliot T. S. Eliot was among the writers whose works were published by the Hogarth Press. It is a curious fact that for the first time Virginia and Eliot did not get along well. In her diaries, Virginia considered Eliot to be narrow-minded, too dramatic, and even sluggish. Nevertheless, after some time Virginia and Eliot managed to become good friends as Eliot became less pompous and pedantic. Bloomsbury After Virginia’s father’s death and her second mental breakdown, her siblings sold their old house and moved to Bloomsbury. There Virginia met Lytton Strachey, Clive Bell, Desmond McCarthy, Saxon Sydney-Turner, Duncan Grant, E.M. Forster, Roger Fry
Supply chain management deals with the integration of different business operations across the supply chain. By doing this, it lays more emphasis on employees, management, stakeholders’ and customers (Hines 2004, p. 21). Ms Nok should be engaged in effective supply chain management because of unexpected surge in demand. This means that she will have to integrate various processes by making good use of supply chain management. She can enhance this by looking at forecasts, demand signals, transportation, inventories and any potential contributions that might come about in the course of doing business. The restaurant will deal in foodstuffs that have a longer shelf life and those ones that have a short shelf life. This therefore demands an effective approach to inventory management. Supply chain management can be used to address various problems (Hines 2004, p. 27). Since this is a restaurant business, it must come up with a good distribution strategy. This will ensure that all customers are effectively attended to. Aspects of Supply chain management Supply chain management can address various trade-offs in logistical activities. This means that all activities should be properly coordinated. In the long run, the restaurant will be in a better position to operate more cost effectively. These trade-offs are very important in the development of an effective approach to supply chain management. In a broad perspective, supply chain management is supposed to deal with the configuration of the restaurants distribution network. This will look at the network, mission of suppliers and their location. In addition, it can be done after a clear assessment of distributors and their warehouses has been carried out (Lavassani 2008, p. 13). Proper supply chain execution should revolve around effective coordination and management of information. Successful organizations should focus on flexibility and adherence to core business competencies. Supply chain management can be outsourced to reduce on costs and enhance organizational activities (Hines 2004, p. 32). However, this is not advisable in the hospitality and restaurant business that demands a lot of personal commitment. Supply chain management has created a lot of interest and focus because of the urge to satisfy diverse consumer interests. This means that it is supposed to improve trust and also on the other hand enhance collaboration (among supply chain partners). In this case, supply chain activities can still be grouped for efficiency. For the restaurant to compete well and attract a good number of customers, it is supposed to increasingly rely on effective supply chain management. This is should be done in relation to the ever changing competitive business environment and networked economy. The business should therefore embrace a collaborative supply network because of the nature of foodstuffs (Lavassani 2008, p. 16). Good supply chain management will be achieved through effective internal management structures. This will ensure that customers are attended to without any problem. Because of persistent changes in the business environment, the restaurant should build a good supply chain network.
People’s health changes with age and geriatric patients may encounter some difficulties while describing their problems to a healthcare provider. The existence of comorbidities and different features of some disorders lead to older people having atypical presentations of some disorders (Resnick, 2016). In some cases, the physical symptoms may be perceived by a medical specialist as a regular part of aging. In other situations, the alterations of mental health are not acknowledged as potential signs of illness. For example, geriatric patients often do not have typical symptoms of major depressive disorder, and their diagnosis becomes a challenging task for a medical professional. Thus, healthcare providers need to rely not only on the usual classification of mental disorders but also on personal judgment, possible causes, risk factors, and the patient’s feelings (Holroyd-Leduc & Reddy, 2012). The patient with atypical depression should be diagnosed with the help of tests, physical exams, DSM-5, and personal observations. Patient Case The patient in the discussed example is a 74-year-old female who was recently brought to the clinic by her daughter. The patient’s daughter stated that the patient had recently started to eat and sleep more than usual, gaining weight as a result. The patient did not report feeling sad or lonely at all times, and she said that happy events had a positive effect on her moods. However, the patient also noted that was consistently sleepy and often ate more than she would have eaten a year ago. The physical examination showed that the patient had gained weight, possibly due to the incidents of overeating (Lamers, Beekman, Van Hemert, Schoevers, & P
Summary Russel, Gill, Coyne, and Woody (1993) discuss the family origins of master of social work (MSW) students, investigating whether such students came from dysfunctional families more frequently than other students (namely, students of guidance and counseling programs (GCP), education programs, and business programs). The literature review conducted by the authors revealed several findings. For instance, social work learners come from families with alcoholics very often, and significantly more often than business students; social workers are disproportionally firstborn kids and overachievers; mental health issues are rather common among psychotherapeutic professionals; etc. Noteworthy, the findings of social workers often originating from dysfunctional families are stated not to permit for making “conclusions about their mental health or about their skills in helping others” (Russel et al., 1993, p. 122). The study by Russel et al. (1993) used a questionnaire to compare the MSW students with other students, as mentioned before. MSW students were found to come from families where there were alcohol abuse, sexual addiction, drug abuse, and/or violence significantly (α=.05) more often than at least two of the other three groups of students (Russel et al., 1993). Also, MSW students significantly more often reported being insulted or sworn at by their parents than business students; and MSW students significantly more often experienced their parents saying something “for spite” than GCP students, and than education students. In addition, MSW students significantly more often experienced sexual abuse of various types; and, although MSW students did not suffer from depression significantly more frequently than other learners, their depression rates were significantly greater. Finally, MSW students significantly more often were using or used in the past the services of counseling than some other learners. In general, MSW students experienced some family dysfunction in 73.1% of cases, whereas GCP learners experienced it in 68.2% of cases, education learners – in 44.9% of cases, and business students – in 36.9% of cases (Russel et al., 1993). It is important to take away the fact that among MSW students, more individuals tend to have suffered from dysfunctions in their families than among other learners. As Russel et al. (1993) stress, while this should not be used to judge their professional skills, many MSW students may require counseling or similar services themselves, e.g. when they realize that they were abused, experience painful memories, etc. Reaction While perhaps initially surprising, the finding that MSW students more often have experienced dysfunctions in their families than other learners seems understandable; such dysfunctions may motivate individuals to become social workers (although, clearly, this assumption should be studied in more detail). It is impossible to agree or disagr
An 86 year old male patient was admitted to the hospital-based on the diagnostic complaints of fall and urosepsis. He was admitted as he was suffering from post-fall due to Urinary tract infections (UTI) complications with septic stock. The associated clinical conditions observed were a multi-organ failure, and atrial fibrillation with the repetitive ventricular response (RVR) complicated with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), functional decomposition, iatrogenic bladder perforation, and anemia. UT I occurs due to infections of various parts of the urinary tract that involves the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra( Urinary tract infection , 2008). It was described that patients who had a history of a fall also develop UTI In addition (Rhoads, Clayman & Nelson, 2007). Similarly, patients with UTI are likely to develop acute coronary syndrome where non–ST-elevation MI is common (Sim et al.,2005). The present 86 year old male patient had a medical history that is in agreement with the complications studied in the research evidence. Need To provide care to the patient, there should be awareness on investigation approaches which is lacking about the UTI case conditions relevant to this patient. I felt the need to provide some teaching-based resource assistance to the patient analogous to an expert clinical practitioner. The basis for this strategy is the problem the patient has been confronted with. In older people, urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most frequent infections that occur in long-term care settings and at the community level. The variety of UTIs ranges from symptomatic bacteriuria to bacteremic infection. In the older individuals, UTI with bacteremia has high mortality in the older population, at a rate of 5% for 28 days. Diagnosis of UTI was very often done without considering the clinical history and signs and as result, 40% of older individuals have become hospitalized (Beveridge et al., 2012) In addition, the absence of specific evidence-based practice criteria for UTI has also contributed to the misdiagnosis of the older population with UTI. The present patient is in the hospital as he needs a remedy from UTI-associated complications that are seriously making him frail. He needs to be taught from the teaching perspective. The patient needs are more relevant to treatment and complications, improving the quality of life, medication awareness, living activities, feelings about condition, skincare, and community follow-up (Bostrom et al., 1994). His selection is the major determinant of learning outcomes. We identified the learning needs of the patient by observing him for clinical symptoms and through questionnaires. To better accomplish this, the assistance of baccalaureate program students proved very influential. The attitude of students was judged by giving the work assignment on client selection and their interest to work with the older adults. Their positive set of mind and level of gerontological knowledge were additional key factors.