ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The airline industry is influenced by both internal and external factors, and profitability can significantly change due to the impact of these variables. From the external perspective, customers, suppliers, alliance partners, creditors, unions, communities, and the media contribute to the airline industry. From the internal perspective, employees, stockholders, and board members provide their contributions. In this discussion, the focus will be placed on the role of external stakeholders as their number is large and the possible impact can be broader and less controllable. It can be hypothesized that to improve the airline industry as a whole, external stakeholders should be managed. In the airline industry, governments and alliance partners play the most important roles in influencing the overall operations and increasing profitability. Governments have influenced the development of air transportation for centuries, ever since 1783 when the king of France ordered the Montgolfier brothers to show him their invention of the air balloon. During World Wars, governments invested in the rapid progress in the airline sphere to gain military advantage against rivals, thus facilitating an exponential leap in development, which shaped the industry as it is known today. According to the Working Paper of the International Civil Aviation Organization, governmental policies can positively influence the economy of the airline industry. For example, governments should impose fewer constraints on companies in terms of financial repercussions, taxes, and charges. When governments make airline carriers pay extremely high fees, the prices of tickets increase disproportionately, thus adversely influencing the demand for air travel (“Government Policies and Their Economic Impact on Airlines”). Another recommendation for governments to have a positive impact on the airline industry is enforcing stronger security measures to prevent the consistent threat of terrorism. For air travelers, safety is the main priority, and the assistance of government enforcement agencies is vital to minimize the rates of terrorist attack occurrence. Overall, governments should decrease the financial pressure on the airline industry, such as increasing taxes and charges on services as air navigation. These increases result in air travelers encountering high prices on tickets and considering other modes of transportation to save money. Airline alliances offer multiple benefits to companies operating in the industry. For instance, customers can gain the advantages of stronger airline networks, the increased efficiency of travel, and the ability to book flights using the same airline networks. In regards to companies, alliances can take multiple collaborative forms ranging from price cooperation for the sharing of airline facilities, all of which add to efficiency and reduced costs (Khan and Khan 64). For alliances to positively influence the airline industry, they should focus first on providing high-quality services to customers through creating large air networks and then con
The formation of a powerful intelligence agency to take care of the matters of military intelligence did not include a plan for coordination of intelligence activities between security agencies (Truman 4). Several decades later, the structure of the office of the DNI was instituted to control the various intelligence authorities that had emerged. However, this office has been consistently unable to perform its duties as expected. The office of the director of national intelligence has failed to perform its duties to the expected level in its capacity. There was speculation that inadequate finance was the cause of the failures of the office. An increase in the annual funding for the office has failed to improve the condition. However, there are several measures involving organisational change that can streamline and co-ordinate duties at the office of DNI (Stuart 52). The first necessary solution is to have a unified leadership that will make decisions, rather than have separate authorities delegate similar duties (Stuart 23). One of the major problems facing the office of DNI is the lack of a well-coordinated leadership. Assignment of duties at the office has been erratic with leaders overseeing intelligence work in various regions lacking coordination. Separate plans by different levels of leadership have resulted to duplication of duties and improper handling of matters of intelligence due to the separate approaches of different offices. A new channel for reporting will make sure that the proper chain of command is used for reporting matters of intelligence. The current organisation does not assign duties to intelligence officers with due responsibility. This has left the intelligence officers to handle their duties in a manner that one chooses (DoD 5). Thus, the duties of the intelligence community do not present as obligations, but appear as missions that the intelligence community embark on at will (Stuart 16). Although significant will is needed for the intelligence community to go about its duties, a clear framework outlining the responsibility of each section or office in the intelligence work will improve efficiency. All these objectives can only be achieved by establishing a decisive leadership, which can outline the duties of the members of the intelligence community. The second necessary action is the unification of the whole of intelligence community so that the office of DNI can monitor all activities and plans. Although the office of the DNI is expected to contr
Construction concept Vision Abdulrahman Al-Muaibid Group (AMG) vision is to be a leading firm in both construction and engineering services in the industry. The main aim is to be the industry’s leading player in the Middle East market. AMG aims at providing its Saudi Arabian clients with special services using extensive skills. Mission The company’s main mission is to provide construction services and solutions to domestic clients with the necessary skills. Another mission is to invest in impeccable skills required in budgeting, installation of building components, and pertinent construction services. AMG’s mission is to develop a competent team of experts through effective human resource management strategies. This will be made possible by using a team of personnel with impeccable expertise and qualifications in all levels of operations, such as supervision, procurement, and human resource management. The vision to retain business in the current market will be realized through business partnerships. AMG aims to achieve its goals using the most advanced skills and technical expertise in the construction industry. AMG uses previous projects as the standard of an ideal construction company in a domestic market. Services The company’s main construction services revolve around electric, repairs, and mechanical services. Other pertinent services linked to the company’s construction concept include conducting repairs in both commercial and residential buildings. Another service provided by AMG is consultation service to clients on matters regarding building designs, building materials, and engineering requirements. Additional services include budgeting services for clients who want their construction approved for implementation. AMG hires a team of experts in various constructional aspects such as engineering and electrical maintenance. The company oversees the development of projects contracted. Technology concept Vision The vision of the technology concept is to provide AMG clients with technology-oriented products. The company aims to use the technology concept to be a leading firm in the provision of technological services and products to its clients. Another vision is to ensure that the technology concept supports the company’s policy on customer serv
Introduction Online marketing and advertising actively develop nowadays, and modern advertisers need to focus on the customers’ attitudes and behaviours in the context of the effectiveness of the advertisement’s location on the web page. Thus, it is important to answer the questions on how customers look at advertisements, focus their attention, and how their eye movements are motivated in order to understand how the location or the character of online information can affect the user’s attitude and behaviour. The problem is in the fact that according to Jeff Hawkins’s memory-prediction framework , people are inclined to create a memory model and match memory patterns of known objects and, as a result, predict future activities. However, when there is the prediction mismatch, a man’s cognitive activities change, affecting his attention (Hawkins 2005). Therefore, the effects of the memory-prediction framework are important for influencing the customers’ focus in advertising. Project Background The study of eye tracking or eye movements for predicting the effectiveness of online advertisements is actively used by researchers during recent years (Michailidou 2014, p. 670; Ratwani & Trafton 2011). However, the discussion of Hawkins’s memory-prediction framework in the spheres of marketing and advertising is limited. Furthermore, there is the lack of discussions related to the role of the prediction mismatch for eye tracking and further customers’ attitudes. Project Aims and Objectives The aim of the project is to investigate the use of the prediction mismatch in order to capture the user’s attention in online advertising. The objectives of the project are the following ones:  1. In cooperation with Think Eye Tracking, eye tracking or eye movements of website users will be explored and fixed.  2. Eye tracking will be analysed to determine possible prediction mismatch.  3. Changes in the users’ attention, focus, and attitude will be determined and analysed. Intellectual Challenge The investigation in the sphere of online advertising that uses the Hawkins’s memory-prediction framework as the theoretical background is academically challenging because it utilises the specific idea about the prediction mismatch in order to discuss how users’ attention and attitudes can be reflected in eye tracking and influence their attitude. The research allows the development of the theory on the effective use of the prediction mismatch and web location for increasing the effectiveness of advertisements. Research Approach/Programme The researcher will use the eye trackin
Plato was a prominent philosopher whose works inspire millions of people. Among his writings, “The Allegory of the Cave” attracts much attention due to its symbolic suggestions. The analysis of a hidden moral meaning in Plato’s allegory is necessary. My goal is to understand what Plato wanted to say about reality, false truth, human progress, and the intention to use education as the only means to transform and deal with challenges. The illustration of Plato’s case represents a prisoner who tries to escape the cave and discover the outside world. The author used the light of the fire and the shadows to be taken as reality. People are not ready to accept other realities except the one offered by the shadows in the cave. Therefore, the inability of individuals to discover the truth and leave the cave makes them unable to choose between actual reality and the world that they falsely believe to be true. However, Plato showed the way of change by looking toward the real light. He applied metaphors like the need to escape through the fire, with its light hurting the eyes, and liberation to provoke movement and decision-making as a part of education. When a person emerges from the cave, the first emotions disturb and frighten because it is never easy to leave a routine. People suffer from sharp pain in their legs, necks, and eyes because they see reality from a new perspective. For a long period, they have been chained and lived under the already established rules. Now, they become free, and their eyes have never seen the sunlight, which causes new sensations. The same happens to people who choose education for their progress. Education is a step out of the cave, but it is never straightforward. Knowledge, as well as the escape, is just the first goal after which new decisions and options occur. Still, not many people want to leave the cave as they believe that unpredictable harm waits for them behind the fire. They decide to stay in the cave, the symbol of safety and ignorance, and forget about those who left their ordinary environment, relying on their illusions. The light of the fire represents false senses, from which it is impossible to learn the true reality. People, who leave the cave, never come back because they can see and use the power of the sun that represents the higher truth. In college, I could change my mind on some issues, and my friends and family would positively react to my achievements. They have already experienced the power of knowledge and expect me to do the same. Plato admitted that education should not be directly related to professions people choose. Education efforts are never used to tell students how to behave but to provide th
Introduction Event management systems involve the optimization of the planning and implementation of various events. RFID bands are the most widely used technology for human flow management and automation of a number of site processes. RFID bands help reduce event costs and also provide access to information that can be used in various ways. In particular, the technology allows the introduction of contactless payment and fast authorization, which significantly reduces queues. However, this tool assumes a number of privacy and security concerns, including the possibility of personal data leakage. Analysis Chosen Use Case The use case for the report is chosen adults at trade shows. In recent years, RFID bands have been actively used to improve the quality of event data management, as they provide a number of useful features. First of all, the technology allows optimizing the entrance of participants to such events, significantly reducing the scanning time at the entrance ( 8 benefits of using RFID , n.d). Observing the traffic and movement patterns of people can also help transform the site to suit their needs. This is important when calculating resources since “the food and beverage counts hosts receive from caterers are often inaccurate” ( RFID at trade shows , n.d). By assessing the flow of people at the event, one can fix mistakes as quickly as possible or notice key aspects for future events. It is also crucial that RFID bands provide a contactless payment option for purchasing goods at the event site. This aspect has a great positive impact on trade since cashless transactions tend ” Additionally, the technology allows attendees to be “involved in clever activation campaigns “to encourage patrons to spend more (up to 30%!)” ( The beginner’s guide , 2018). RFID bands provide benefits for event attendees, not only for organizers, including better communication with sponsors and each other (Bowler, 2016). However, this technology provides sponsors and organizers with data collection tools that can be used not only to optimize the event but also in future product development. Types of Personal Data With regard to working with personal data, it is important to pay attention to how the classification of its types occurs. In particular, there is a distinction between personally identified and non-identified data (Karygiannis et al., 2007). Personal information includes an “individual’s full name, social security number, passport number, financial account or credit card numbers, and biometric data such as fingerprints” (p. 91). However, such data as gender, religious beliefs, city of residence, and others are not considered as personal, as they are common to many people. Nevertheless, the combination of such personally unidentified data can still characterize a specific person, which makes them private. Thus, when working with RFID, it is necessary to take i
The economic variable that is chosen for analysis is the unemployment rate and the country under study is Israel. The data on the unemployment rate has been collected from the United Nations statistics website (UNStats, 2009) and IMF database (IMF, 2009). The data o unemployment has been gathered from 1985 until 2008. The unemployment rate in Israel is presented in the figure below. Israel’s unemployment rate increased initially but it started to decline in 2004. The rate was highest in 2003 at 10.7 percent. There have been continuous ups and down in the unemployment rate in the country. The first massive rise in the unemployment rate was during 1988 to 1992 when there was the incidence of the Gulf War (1990-92). Another rise in unemployment arose from 1998 through 2003. During this period (1998-2003), the economy had faced volatile industrial production (IMF, 2009). Presently the global unemployment rate is at 7.1 percent (ILO, 2009), which is higher than the Israeli unemployment rate which is at 6 percent. Figure 1: Unemployment rate in Iran, source IMF The population of the country has been increasing constantly (IMF, 2009). With an increase in population, the unemployment rate has a negative relation, indicating, as there are population increases, the unemployment rate declined. This is indicative of an increasing number of people being employed and joining the workforce. The improvement in the unemployment situation is attributable to various reasons. One such reason is the growing GDP per capita income of the country. The country’s per capita income is negatively correlated with the unemployment rate indicating an increased per capita income, which implies more income to the citizens of the country indicating there is a lower rate of unemployment. Intuitively, it can be said that with lower unemployment, the employability in the labor force increases which automatically contributes to higher production in the country, increasing GDP. With a population growth rate ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 percent in 2000-08, the per capita income of the country increased. Further, with an increasing nominal GDP growth rate, which is increasing at 22 percent in 2008, the economy is bound to produce more employment, thus driving down the unemployment rate. Over the years, the nominal GDP growth rate has been positive and increasing since 2003. The growth rate was negative and fell drastically during 2001-02. Evidently, during this period the unemployment rate increased too. This was due to the weakening of the fundamentals of the economy. A fall in the growth rate indicates that the economy did not perform so well, which drove down the growth rate of GDP, consequently increasing the unemployment rate. When the unemployment rate is correlated with the industrial production rate, it showed a very weak negative relation. In a way, the unemployment rate does not hold any significant relation with industrial production in the country as there has been a decline in the une
Literature review Lu and Ramamurthy (2011) acknowledged that information technology was a great contributor to the organization’s agility. In other words, the greater a company invested in information technology, the more agile the company would be. The authors also pointed out that information is not always advantageous since sometimes it could be a hindrance or an impediment to a company’s agility. They proposed and theorized this greatly observed but fewer studies scenario and they looked at the specific factors that led to the likelihood for IT being an impediment or an enabler of agility in an organization. The authors argued that a company required to develop superior firm-wide capabilities in information technology in order to succeed in the management of the information technology resources for it to realize its agility. The authors refined the conceptualization and measured the companies’ capabilities in information technology in different dimensions including the information technology infrastructure adopted, the companies’ spanning capabilities with reference to information technology and its proactive stance in accordance with information technology. The authors then conducted a matched-pair field survey of information technology systems in one hundred and twenty-eight organizations to study empirically, the relationship between a company’s information technology capability and its agility. The results suggested that there was a positive relationship between agility and the organization’s IT capability. In a separate study by McLaren, Head, Yuan, and Chan (2011), argued that for firms to successfully compete in a highly dynamic marketplace, companies had to adapt and align their information technology systems and strategies frequently. The authors of the paper were addressing some of the issues not previously addressed in the existing literature and this included the need for an approach that is finer-grained. This approach would be useful for the assessment of the specific areas of misfit between the organization’s information systems capabilities and its competitive strategies. Tallon, Kraemer, and Gurbaxani (2000) were responding to some of the issues on the profitability of IT. The full impact of information technology has not been accounted for since some of the benefits may be intangible. Some firms have attempted to measure the profitability using economic analysis but this only gives estimates and cuts off a large
Introduction The modern day workplace is characterized by many employee related challenges. These challenges come in form of discrimination based on gender, race, color, and age. These challenges usually pose a threat to the employees and the potential employees who are from the minority background. Minorities are the individuals from a certain background who bear a certain common attribute and are considered the lesser of the dominant individuals. Minorities include females in cases of a male dominated environment, blacks in cases of white dominated environment or even the physically disabled. Laws have been enacted seeking to give equal opportunities to the minority and therefore ensure that they are treated in a fair and just manner. This came as a result of historical injustices towards these groups of people. The government has enacted legislations that compel companies to strictly adhere to such rules as affirmative action that seeks to incorporate a certain percentage of minorities in the work environment (Bernett-Alexander & Hartman, 2009). Individuals who are part of the minority and feel discriminated more so when looking for employments, seeking promotions, or in cases of demotion can file a law suit that seeks a legal redress from the person practicing the discrimination (Dew, 1997). Once the law suit has been completed, the court of law may offer various remedies ranging from awarding damages to ordering specific action on the defendants. This essay will analyze the case of Sally and MM Company that fired her due to failure to attend to her assigned duty. The paper will conclude with recommendations to the HR manager on the best course of action that could be taken to avoid the law suit that was filed against the company. Sally’s Case with the MM Company Sally is an African-American lady who worked for Metal Manufacturer (MM) through a third party vendor. The environment at MM Company is rather different from a typical working environment and this poses a lot of Challenges to the employees of the nature of Sally. This is because first, the place is dominated by male employees. This poses as challenge to Sally since she is a female. The problem in this type of environment is that she may suffer such undesirable acts as sexual harassment by the male colleagues. The fact that she is also a female exposes her to the danger of gender discrimination and being overlooked by the male colleagues. The second problem in this work environment is that Sally is an African-American lady. This means that she is from a minority and since she is black, she suffers the risk of being racially abused. Majority of the employees at