ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Music in the past twenty years was characterized by, among other concepts, the two concepts of alternative cultures and postmodernism. The context below will explain how the lyrics, instrumentation or sound, subjects or themes of five major cultures of music support or relate to these two concepts. This article will also provide examples of artists, the varying years they recorded their album in various cultures of music. The context below shall also reveal my thoughts of how the five different cultures of music portray and display our current generation in relation to the concepts above. Several types of music On examination of the concept of alternative cultures in music, it can be observed that this concept varies with different kinds of music culture. The common cultures of music known today are the hip hop, blues, jazz, rock-punk, and modern crank cultures. The instrumentation used in the hip-hop culture is diverse. Around two decades ago, the culture of hip hop was referred to as commercial hip-hop within the dance industry. Today, there are the meaning of hip-hop is varied as numerous artists have defined the culture differently. One popular definition is that included in the 1999 album of the high and mighty hip hop group titled Home field advantage. The lyrics of one of the songs in the album stated that “Modern hip hop has grown from the dancing and shaking moves to just plain rapping.” This, according to Brod (159), describes the evolution of hip-hop in the recent years. Meanwhile, the culture of blues is usually associated with characteristics such as specific lyrics, bass lines and instruments which derive sounds that affect individuals differently. For instance, some people are used to listening to blues when they wake up in the morning while others love to listen to blues just before they sleep. The culture of blues was traditionally known as rock and roll. The new modern genre of blues that goes by the title of blues rock is a culture based on love songs and relationships. In the modern world, it is also associated with human emotions examples being melancholy or sadness. The culture of jazz, entails making music by the use of instruments, mostly drum sets and trumpets. These instruments used are meant to echo sounds of clarity, warmth, unbelievable sense of swing and therefore create a harmonious atmosphere. In the history of jazz music, Louis Armstrong was among the most popular individuals related with the genre. On August 4th 1901, Armstrong perfected the improvised acts of performing solo (Storb 103).At first, the solo performances were done in shows during the breaks but later, the solo performances turned into shows of their own. In exploring the concept of modernism in the
Introduction Everything and everybody has a reason for existence. As someone has noted, nothing appears from nothing as well as nothing disappears to nowhere. If to reverse this rule, birth leads to death and death leads to the new birth. If something exists, it has a creator. There is a reason for the existence of dust bunnies; thus, they have a creator. Creator is God; therefore, God exists. This assumption would be true, if it was not fallacious in its essence. The fact that dust bunnies exist does not mean that God exists. There are at least three factors, which lead to existence of everything without God’s intrusion. First, humans are capable of making their own choices, therefore, they decide on the purpose of their lives without influence of creator. Second, God does not create everything. Except of the nature, humans create everything around themselves. Third, death is not destined by God and death can occur because of human intervention as well as biological factors. Purpose of existence If to assume that dust bunnies exist, that they have a reason for existence, and that God created them, it would be logical to make a note that humans are powerless and cannot be creators. Nevertheless, humans are capable of making their own choices. There is always an opportunity to make choice; there are also at least two possible courses of action. If God had a plan for every human, He would have taken into account all possible choices made by humans. Thus, it would end up with millions of destinies for everything and everybody. From religious perspective, humans exist only because there is a reason for their existence – they are the “elements” of grand plan (Davies, p. 211). Thus, earthy existence is a step towards another existence in heaven. Many people, though they are not believers, support this religious perspective. At the same time, every human has a self-awareness, a perception of “self” (Hoffman, p. 43). The surrounding world is perceived as a sequence of events with every moment resulting in a new existence. At the same time, every human judges the world around him through his own experience and perception; therefore, every human considers his own existence as important. Medieval hero might choose to die in a battle not because his creator has planned his death, but because a hero has made his own choice to die. Humans are creators In addition to being able to make choices and to decide on their own purposes, humans are creators. God does not create dust bunnies – they appear because of human untidiness; thus, God is not their creator. Just as humans create dust bunnies, humans have power to eliminate them. A human might create a table and assign a specific purpose to it (for example, to serve as a computer desk). Humans, not God, create tables and decide on their purpose. At the same time, humans, not God, can destroy the table (table ceases to exist) not because God decided to end the existence of table, but because humans have made a choice. Everything around humans is created by humans. Na
The data management in the healthcare industry is based on collecting the necessary information, analyzing, and using it with references to the definite developed databases. Today, the effective data management depends on the usage of the modern technologies to work with the different kinds of data. Moreover, the effective usage of the necessary data is connected with the appropriate access to the required information. The access is important for different healthcare institutions in relation to the aspect of the governing regulations and issue of confidentiality. In spite of the fact the advantages of using the modern approaches to collecting and storing the data are obviou
Introduction The cold war ended in 1989 and a mutual peaceful mood engulfed the universe as all parties ushered in a new era. The Berlin Wall was dismantled and a disintegration of the Soviet Union as well as new independence for the Eastern Europe countries was witnessed. This was a brand new start after a volatile era that would have seen the use of weapons of mass destruction that made people live in fear. It was described as the ‘End of History’ based on the fact that the gross conflicts between nations had come to a halt. 1 This paper looks at how the United States relations have impacted and effected Pakistani – Indian relations in post cold war. The cold war brought about distrust and suspicion between the United States, India, and Pakistan but the events of post cold war have changed this relationship. The United States and India have developed closer ties courtesy of factors that are directly influenced by individual leadership, domestic leadership and structural leadership. These countries now cooperate at different levels that include diplomacy, economic development, as well as strategic development. The end of the cold war led these countries to rethink their stand against each other and they came to discover that they needed to cooperate in order to move forward. However, this has not been the case with Pakistan and India who still harbor grudges against each other to date. The United States was in support for India during the cold war and this was the main reason why it provided it with military equipment for the war. However, the US failed to get the kind of support it expected from India, which was more bent towards forging ahead, and taking part in the war independently without relying on the super power. India’s non-alignment
Abstract Severe mental disabilities and juvenile immaturity can result in functional impairments which can reduce the blameworthiness of the defendant. Consequently, the Eight Amendment should dismiss the death penalty for this category and state laws must implement recommendations of the National Alliance on Mental Illness, the American Psychological Association, and the American Bar Association that ban the death sentence for juvenile and mentally retarded criminal offenders. Furthermore, having the judge make a pretrial determination will be helpful and less severe compared to having the issue tackled by a prejudiced capital jury at the penalty phase. Although capital juries represent public interests, most of them favor the imposition of the death penalty on juveniles and mentally retarded criminal offenders without considering other exonerating circumstances. On the contrary, trial judges take into consideration the public interest regarding the death penalty for juveniles and mentality retarded offenders more objectively than the jury. Death Penalty Since 1990, a few nations (i.e. United States, Nigeria, Iran and Pakistan) have imposed the death penalty on offenders who committed crimes when they were mentally disabled or juvenile. Several incidents have recently taken place that (when taken into consideration) suggest it is time to reassess the legality of a juvenile death sentence. First of all, in Atkins vs. Virginia (2002) case, the US Supreme Court upheld that the death penalty imposed on offenders with mental disorders violated the United States Constitution. Some of the justifications provided by the Court for the prohibition relating to the death penalty are imposed on juveniles. Second, following the Court ruling on Atkins vs. Virginia case, three Supreme Court judges proposed reevaluation of the statutory status of juvenile death sentence, a move which implied substantial discomfort with the current provisions of the law. Finally, following the capture of a serial sniper (aged 17 years) in the Washington precinct, prosecutors sought permission to have the case conducted in Virginia since the state allows juvenile death penalty (Steinberg & Scott, 2003, p. 1009; Ferguson, 2005, p.450). There is no doubt that the juvenile death sentence is a crucial topic in juvenile crime policy. However, this paper focuses on whether juvenile and mentally disabled criminal offenders deserve the death penalty like grown-ups who have committed similar offenses. Prominent murder cases, such as the one involving Lionel Tate (a 14-year-old kid) who was sentenced to life imprisonment for murdering his friend in a brawling game, have revitalized public debate regarding juvenile death sentences. Nonetheless, questions regarding the suitable penalty for juvenile offenders have emerged in several minor cases such as nonaggressive offenses like drug peddling (Steinberg & Scott, 2003, p. 1009). Therefore, this paper will review relevant literature and theories to explore the criminal liability of juveniles and mentally disabled offenders. Mitigat
People make decisions regarding health every day so they need principal rules that will guide the decisions to produce a rational outcome. These sets of rules are called health policies. In Chad, immunization policies are needed in order to increase the turn outs so that people can prevent polio, measles, meningitis and cholera. To expand immunization rate, this policies must handle the problems of secure refrigeration of vaccines in remote areas, inefficiency of trained healthcare workers, and community resistance to vaccination among other reasons. These policies should also encourage participation by donors and the government. The effect of government exception in this process is that there would be no one to safeguard the interest of the people. Donors also provide monitory support since Chad is a country with low income levels. Failure to include them would mean no support. Third world countries need to do more on health and education. Report from World Bank in 1993 proved that developing countries are prone to crippling diseases than developed countries. It is estimated that 12 million children under the age of 5 die of diseases that could be prevented because of poverty every year. Investments in various countries are good sources of income to the members. Due to the fact that economic isolation has become impossible, a nation that cannot impact on the global market assures its citizen of a decline in economic growth. A healthy nation holds the promise of improved economic status. Education policies can be of great importance in people’s effort to expand immunization rate. Chad has an adult literacy rate of 34%. People should be educated on the importance of immunization and so this would create awareness across the country. While politics is playing a big role in allocation of schools in various places, the life of the young generation is compromised. If the program is launched to improve the results in the remote areas then the schools should as well be improved. Learning should be supervised and the curriculum given room for immunization studies so that people can consider it important and stop the kind of resistance created. Education campaigns, therefore, become very important and every individual should support it in order to meet the targeted health security. Volunteer programs should be carried out. Those who are willing should be invited to conduct training to the health care staff. Additionally, the volunteers can also help in immunization and creation of awareness to the communities that live in the remote areas where low turn outs are recorded. The donors can come in and provide support to the volunteers by offering funds to cover their transport fee to and from home so as to encourage them to keep doing the work. The World Health
Ansari X Gauchito Rocket will need proper staffing to develop a well-planned roject and complete it. With complete participation and involvement of all the responsible persons, the project will ultimately get its desired shape. The staff will also be responsible for quality checking and avoidance of any risks what so ever (Heldman, 2009). For the Ansari X Gauchito Rocket project to be successful there will be a need for:   * Fitter   * Draftsman   * Gluer   * Cutter   * Painter   * Sander   * Engineer   * Dummy It is extremely important for these officials to coordinate and work in complete collaboration with each other in order to make the project of developing the 7/8 scaled down model, a success. Level-1 Assemble Engine Mount To accomplish this task, active participation from these personnel’s is mandatory. The major job responsibilities go to the Fitter and the Draftsman. Besides they will also need the assistance of the Painter and the Gluer along with some dummies to ensure smooth running of all the responsibilities allotted. There is a requirement of minimum 14 Fitters and about 30 draftsmen that needs to be outsourced. As Fitters are not generic to the organization, trained staff must be outsourced to ensure quality work and to reduce the risks and mitigation probability. Level-2 Fin Preparation For the Fin Preparation, there is a requirement of 2 trained Fitters which again need to be outsourced. Besides, there is also a requirement of 12 cutters and as many as 16 level-1 Sanders and 2 Fitters. The job will demand cutting out fins and laser cutting and sand edging of fins. Since this is a precision project, it calls for skilled and trained workforce. Furthermore, the position of a draftsman has a pre-requisite qualification of a Bachelor Degree in Civil engineering and experience in CADD for at least 6 months because of the nature of the job involved. Along with that, practical experience rocketry for at least 5 years is what is expected of the ideal candidate. The draftsman will solely be responsible for laser cutting of the fins along with stacking and sanding the edges of the fin. Level-3 Mark Fin and Launch Lug Lines This stage involves as many as 19 Fitters and 12 Draftsmen, both of which need to be outsourced. Additionally, this particular level calls for a requirement of two Cutters. The pre-requisite for the position of a cutter is a Bachelor’s degree in scissor use and knife; while the cutters need to be outsourced, it calls for experienced and trained professionals, with the aforesaid qualification. Since the job requires extreme precision, the selected candidates are required to cut well within one millimeter of the specifications given (Stackpole, 2008). Level-4 Inserting Engine Mount This particular level, where the Engine Mount is to be inserted, sees a demand of as many as 11 Fitters and 10 Draftsmen along with 6 Gluers. This level is primarily needed for assembling the engine hook and gluing the center body ring where the glue needs to be applied in between the seams to ensure binding of the parts. However, this demands extreme precision and proficiency, since the entire body
After the 2008 recession in the United States, Laurie, Felland, Grossman and Ha studied the Health System Changes in the United States and summarized their key findings after visiting the dominant hospitals in twelve metropolitan communities. They found out that during the recession, the healthcare sector experienced huge operating losses. As a result, most hospitals had to react by adjusting their workers’ benefits and salaries, scaling back their investments and expenses, increasing their productivity, and by reducing staff. Because of the increase in hospital premium rates, most hospitals experienced reduced number of patients who regularly visited for certain procedures and checkups. Based on this, while some people were unable to afford health coverage, most people shifted to the stable and cheaper health insurance coverage schemes like Medicaid and Medicare, which were previously only for lower-income people. According to Laurie, Felland, Grossman and Ha (3), the shift was a cost-effective way of ensuring that hospitals acquired constant monetary gains since they would be able to maintain constant patient demands. This paper discusses how a similar trend of people shifting to universal healthcare schemes has become evident in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Statistics shows that the UAE faces high demands for health care services because of its high numbers of an aging population and expatriates (Mohammed, Sabah, & Jinan 296). Moreover, according to Colliers International (2), the operational needs and high population growth rates of the UAE healthcare sector are becoming increasingly complex. Hence, as a result, the U.S.-U.A.E. Business Council (12) states that the UAE falls among the global top 20 countries that spend the most on healthcare systems per capita. As a result, the country’s healthcare system has been progressively directed towards acquiring a universal healthcare for its people. Currently, just like the United States, the UAE provides health care for all its citizens whereas it is mandatory for non-citizens to subscribe for health insurance (WHO 1). On a similar note, Taha, Sharif,and Blair (1), the increased the expenses of the UAE healthcare sector have forced the government had to review its health financing strategy by introducing new financing models. One model was the introduction of several health insurers to help its population afford healthcare (U.S.-U.A.E. Business Council 8). There is the National health Insurance Company called Daman that offers federal health insurance for organizations and individuals working in the UAE. Then there is another healthcare scheme called the Abu Dhabi Basic Plan that was formulated for expatriates with low-income jobs. Thirdly, there is Thiqa that caters for the country’s nationals. These insurers ensure that all the people living in the metropolitan UAE region have ac
Telling a lie is a character that exists in human beings, which is practiced often than other behaviors like integrity and honesty. It occurs in the society as a wrong act according to the morals of human beings. In spite of the morals of the society, everybody lie to survive in various situations of life (Souryal 218). Lying and deception are therefore discussed based on ethical theories presented by the philosophers. The consequentialism and deontological theories have been put in place to give views on the concept of lying and deception. The consequential theory explains the impacts of lying focusing on how the act of lying undermines human beings by letting those lying to have power over the fellow human beings. Honesty is therefore essential for survival in the society. The deontology on the other hand has the view that deception denies human beings respect as rational beings, which is a natural aspect. Deception is a generic notion with statements that the speaker may tend to believe is true though misleading. These statements can convey impressions, which are not true by simply withholding the information (Souryal 225). Lies and deception are therefore issues that mislead individuals into having wrong conclusions. Lies manipulate human beings hence diminishing their dignity and are therefore likened to violence since they force people to engage in acts they are not willing. Just as the coercer lures people to do as per his or her will through threats, a liar on the other hand undermines thinking of the other individual. Philosophers like Kant, Augustine and Socrates hold the view that the virtue of veracity is unconditional and that it is something that is expected in all situations of human life. There are no exceptions therefore in human life where truthfulness is not essential even if it is in the case of death. God therefore considers lying as a vice even if it does not cause harm to a specific individual since it generally causes harm to the society as a forbidden act. Some philosophers hold the view that the natural law does not prohibit all lies (Souryal 236). Many philosophers believe that it is not practical to condemn the act of lying simply because the common sense of human beings dictates that there must be instances when falsehood is acceptable. The duty of being truthful is a social condition that is imposed to all members of the society. People are obliged to communicate ideas, which are believed to be true for others to be aware and certain of the true aspects of the society to be relied upon. The police are the people who have been held with dignity by the society as being truthful because they are given the power to give people freedo