ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Massive ethnographic researches such as the Joshua Project constituted a strong impetus for evangelistic missions to reach a high number of unreached ethnic groups in countries such as Nepal. Missions created global strategic plans and regional networks focused on these people. These efforts would include ecumenical missions, prayer, church planting, and material support for missions abroad. The modern missionary era is founded in historical developments, such as early mission efforts in India and China. In addition, the Great Commission for believers to preach across cultures led to the formation missions such as the Baptist Mission Society. Ethnographic analysis of Nepal shows that the country has a high population of the unreached people groups (UPGs). This paper analyzes the Nepali people’s profile and examines a multi-pronged strategy for impacting Nepal’s UPG populations. Nepali People Profile Historical and Geographical Background of Nepal Historically, Nepal was a Hindu Kingdom. It is located in the Himalayas region bordered by China and India in the Central/Southeast Asia region. The country is home to 253 cultural groups with a total population of 28,735,000 with 60% illiteracy. 1 Historians believe that Nepal’s first inhabitants were the tribal groups of the Tibeto-Burma origin that occupied the southern region of Tarai. 2 One of these tribes is believed to be the Sakya clan led by Gautama Siddharta, a founder of Buddhism, born in 562 B.C. 3 Until the 18 th century, the country comprised of disparate kingdoms under different rulers. King Prithvi Narayan’s conquest in 1790s created a unified kingdom under his rule. He banished non-locals, including “Catholic monks who had built a church” in the northern part of the country. 4 Subsequently, the country remained closed to foreigners for close to two decades. The current inhabitants have diverse geographical and ethnic origins. The Himalayan Highlanders, e.g., the Sherpa and Magar, are believed to be of Mongoloid origin, as they resemble the Tibeto-Mongolians. 5 The tribal group of Pahad comprises of people who traditionally occupied Nepali’s sub-tropical hills. They are the Newers and the Bahun-Chhetris of Indo-Aryan origin. The Tarai people are traditionally from the plains in the South of Nepal. They are believed to be related to the Indians of Bihar due to cultural similarities. Historically, Nepal was closed to foreign culture and influence due to its geopolitical situation. The 1816 Anglo-Nepal pact effectively closed the country to all foreigners except Britons. 6 The treaty also banned emigration to other countries except India. The Rana autocratic regime upheld this pact making it difficult for Nepalese to contact the West. The overthrow of the Rana dynasty in 1951 opened Nepal to the outside world, allowing Western missions into the country for the first time after 200 years. A number of significant events have shaped Nepal’s
Convenient sampling refers to the use of respondents who are available at the time you need them. I used convenient sampling in picking interviewees, whereby I excused myself to each respondent, requesting them to kindly spare me their time to interview them. I promised them confidentiality to the information they would give, anonymity, and that it was purely for research. The interviewees were college students aged nineteen, and I approached them while leaving school after classes. With the aim of being able to study the thoughts of the interviewees on certain issues, I took 15 minutes to interview the individuals, and indeed it was worth the time spent. The session was interactive as the interviewees were so free in pouring their hearts out, making it easier for me to gather the necessary information I intended to have. I had an objective of finding out the errors young adults make in their minds on mere comments, how people perceive them, and advancements made towards them. I realized that the interviewees were steadily developing biologically, cognitively, and psychosocially. Biologically those that mature early in terms of physical appearance are perceived to be older. Girls who mature early are taken advantage of and exposed to social ills such as early initiation into sexual activities, pregnancies, and even early substance use (Cole & Hall, 2009). On the other hand, boys are a
Introduction Pseudoscience refers to a set of theories, methods, or beliefs that are based on authoritative text yet wrongly considered as scientific facts. There are several examples of pseudoscience and among them is creation science (Kaiser 9). This paper is, therefore, an in-depth analysis of creation science as a pseudoscience by looking at the various fallacies that encompass it. Creational Science George Mc Cready Price is the first propagator of creation science. Gideon Henry Morris, a civil engineer, is referred to as the father of creation science (Kaiser 9). The latter further developed the theories of creation science. Concisely, creation science is a pseudoscientific notion that the creation of the entire universe, which is done by a supernatural being, can be proved scientifically. Creationists dispute the following theories: mutation and natural selection as origin of life, the fact that man evolved from apes, theories of geology, and the big bang theory. They try to connect the science theories to that of creation. The bible’s book of Genesis claims that God called everything into existence and, on the sixth day, He created man from clay. Woman was later created from the man’s rib. It is a theory supported by both Christians and non-Christians who, by faith, believe that there are supernatural gods that control and are responsible for all human existence. The creationists seek to connect this theory with science by connecting experiences from the Bible with the ideas in the evolution and big bang theories. The fossils that Darwin discovered are as a result of the flood that God commanded during Noah’s time to punish sinners. Only Noah survived in the ark that he built. He is, therefore, regarded as the ancestor of the Earth’s generation. In the rebuilding after the floods, God created one nation that spoke one language and lived together. However, in a form of punishment for ganging up against Him during the building of Babel’s tower, God changed the languages of every one. This, therefore, explains the origin of languages (Kaiser 10). In Darwin’s theory of natural selection, creationists claim that the samples he used to carry out his experiment were available because God himself commanded their presence in the first place. They claim that evolution cannot be used to explain the idea of right and wrong, eyes, emotions, and development of lungs, irreducible complexity, and the bombardier beetle. The creationists insist that the reason there is no valid explanation is because God did all these things with knowledge beyond human understanding and only He has the answers to the nature of his creation (Kaiser 9). Creation science as a pseudoscientific notion that has no scientific evidence to support its basis lacks empirical evidence and has no valid hypothesis. While a scientific theory can be proved and at the same time disapproved, creation science can neither be proved nor disapproved. The existence of the God who create
Introduction This dialogue started three years before Socrates’ trial. The discussion begins by Meno asking Socrates whether there is a definition of the word ‘Arete’ because he thinks that it cannot be taught in class because there is apparently no definition of the word. In the first phase of the dialogue he is looking at a universal or a formal definition of the word arete. He wants to know all the examples of words and what their similarities are. Summary of the philosophical position The statement of the so-called Socratic absurdity began with his assertion which considered arete as a variety of information and further regarded its opposite as a sort of unawareness. It appears to be a paradox because people can know well and fail to do the same.On the same point a person can know that this thing is bad and continue doing the same. Most individuals assume arete to be a subject of understanding and eagerness to learn. On the other hand, a Christian may think that a sin is a matter of knowing that, this is right and this is wrong. But if we take virtue as knowledge as Socrates had defined it, any person who really knew that this thing is good would do very fine. In any case, Socrates would have been wrong in his description then it would be possible to recognize what is acceptable and still go ahead to contravene it (James, p. 162). When we turn to the next phase of the dialogue in which Socrates begins by challenging Meno that if he does not know definition of arete he does not have to look for it because he won’t know when he has found it. In this phase Socrates claims that knowing is a kind of remembering. This means that he already knew the definition of the word arete. He demonstrated by making an ignorant slave boy to remember geometry. The phase two definition of arete is not clear because if knowing is like remembering then he could not have reminded the boy about the geometry if he already knew (Miller, p. 294). In phase three of the dialogue Socrates unwillingly accepts to explore whether virtue can be taught. Next he put forward an approach to establish if arete can be a type of comprehension. He says that if art is knowledge, then it can be taught but if it is not knowledge then it cannot be taught. This definition means that if virtue is not knowledge there is no need of teaching it. This is not a good definition of knowledge because in the real life situation anything that does not bring knowledge should not be taught (Weiss, p. 235). According to Socrates’ argument, he believes that a virtue is knowledge but he later changes his mind and starts to argue on a different way. He explains the ways in which educators in human health and trainers of farm animals together with the entire community concur with the notion that each and every one of them is a indisputable coach. At the same time, these people disagree about whether these t
Introduction High employee turnover is one of the most damaging things that can happen to a company’s bottom line or even its reputation (Lee, 2008). In the business case study described, I would be expected to ensure that my current operation is successful by minimizing the staff turnover so that I can qualify for the loan to expand it. This requires that I apply the most appropriate staffing methods, work on the demographic, and legal issues and strategies on employee attraction and retention (Lee, 2008). Staffing Models There are several types of staffing models that can be applied to the preschool care industry. Two of these include the social demographic trend model, which is based on the correlation with trends in population growth, as well as the demographic distribution in the area. The staffing is done with historical supply patterns, which are then used as a proxy for demand estimates. This model can benefit the organization by accounting for the diverse demographic trends and ensuring that all cultures and ethnic backgrounds are represented. The second model is the professional judgment model, which is centered on the thinking of a leader based on his or her opinions developed after several years of experience in a given field. This model improves the effectiveness of staff in a company for the reason that the leader uses his or her experience to motivate and guide personnel, who would increase their levels of productivity (Hackman, 2006). Taking into account the diversity issues involved, it would appear that the social demographic trend is the most effective, but in this case, I think that the professional judgment is the best. This is because, as a leader, I can make decisions and judgment in relation to all issues by taking into account various demographic circumstances, such as new families moving into the area. I can, therefore, combine the advantages of the various models to create a staffing ‘mix’ (Hackman, 2006). Major potential legal issues One of the legal issues that an organization can encounter is the fact that it could be sued by unsuccessful applicants who feel they have been discriminated against on the grounds that are not allowed in professional businesses, for example, for not being “diverse enough”. Although a leader would want to ensure diversity, he or she needs to ensure that he or she has the most qualified people for the job, and that people should not be given or denied a chance on the basis of race (Nemethy, 2011). Accounting for diversity in the recruitment can also expose one to the risk of legal action from outsiders, such as equal or civil rights organizations, with regard to harassment and discrimination suits (Hackman, 2006). Given the uniqueness of the legal issues that diversity presents, it is in most cases best for an employer to engage a legal counsel in making decisions in relation to the matter. To ensure I get the people with the right credentials and factors in demographics through a hiring process, I will use a method
Introduction This analysis paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of the internal controls that are currently in place in Mon2Fri that is a company specializing in electronics with ageing information systems. Weaknesses in Internal Controls  1. The sales department comprising of three salespeople however there is no control over verification of orders received over the telephone. There are no controls over the preparation of sales order form and it lacks authorization. This could result in fictitious sales and the company could face problems.  2. The sales order recorded by the sales team is not matched with the purchase order from the client. This may lack accuracy and completeness (Kutz, 2003)  3. There are no recording controls over the sales order form. No sale journals are maintained to record and match the pre-numbered sales order form. Too much dependence on the sales team without segregation of duties could be a problem for the company.  4. There is no control over the verification of the sales order copy and client’s order when it is received by the shipping department. Non segregation of duties could result in problems for the company and possibility of fraud is at high levels (Kutz, 2003).  5. Creditworthiness of existing and new customers is not checked that could pose a greater challenge for the company. The company expects 10% of sales to be bad debt during a year however this estimation does not seem in line with the poor controls over checking credit worthiness of clients and actual results could differ significantly.  6. There are no controls over the shipping of goods as there are checks of quality and returns of goods dispatched. This could result in sales being rejected and returned at the expense of the company.  7. The inventory controls do not check any goods that have been physically damaged and are not saleable. Major
The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) is one of the current and robust healthcare policies targeting children in the United States. Children who are below the age of 19 years are covered by the CHIP medical policy. Mostly, these are children whose parents or guardians do not qualify for Medicaid because of their higher-earning brackets. At the same time, they should be unable to cater for private coverage. It is vital to mention that each state has its own model or system of implementing CHIP. Nonetheless, each state works within the core objectives, spirit, and mandate of the medical policy ( Children’s Health Insurance Program, n.d). There are a few exceptional cases where this policy has been extended to young pregnant women and parents. Policy goals The main goal of the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) is to offer medical insurance coverage for children who do not benefit from Medicaid policy and cannot afford private healthcare coverage. There is a growing need to ensure that children who are completely left out of all legible medical policies. The policy aims to provide affordable coverage to the young and growing population, preferably among those who have not clocked 20 years. There are households that earn more than the requirements of Medicaid, and hence, the policy is keen on including them in a comprehensive medical plan (Flores & Lesley, 2014). The policy goals have also been extended to expectant mothers in some states. The coverage as documented in CHIP’s policy blueprint also collaborates with the Medicaid program in order to provide affordable healthcare programs to children. Another broad policy goal of CHIP is to assist parents who do not have any form of coverage so that they can also enjoy the benefits of healthcare coverage. Through the policy, children who have no access to doctors can now access individualized healthcare services. Benefits and/or services provided The Children’s Health Insurance Program offers a number of healthcare benefits that vary in each state. However, the policy ensures that each state is in a position to provide basic coverage based on the prevailing local and state needs. Comprehensive coverage alongside benefits offered by CHIP includes emergency and ambulatory services, scanning services such as X-ray, laboratory tests and checkups, hospital care for both in-patients and out-patients, dental and vision checkup as well as
Socialization The influence of parents This book Anyone can do it , written by a successful businessman Duncan Bannatyne, shows how different external factors can shape a person’s identity and his/her attitude toward entrepreneurship. When speaking about the socialization of Duncan Bannatyne, we should primarily discuss the influence of his parents who acted as major agents of socialization. For instance, his father’s stories about war, especially about the courage and determination of soldiers taught him that without the strength of will and the ability to overcome one’s fears, he will not be able to achieve any success in life. Duncan Bannatyne says “When I am determined to do something, I usually do it” (Bannatyne, 6). To some extent, this belief became a motto of his life. Another important agent of socialization was his mother. He taught him that without hard labor he could hardly make any progress in his life. The author points out that his mother often stressed their poverty, and this led to Bannatyne’s complete aversion to poverty (Bannatyne, 6). These examples show his parents laid the foundations of his entrepreneurial career, although their might have done it unintentionally. Significant experiences When still a young boy in School, Duncan, who was from poor family background, did not have a bicycle like other boys and he felt out of place. He believed that if he owned one, he would be accepted by his peers. As a result, he engaged in his first entrepreneurial activity and obtained a paper round. The owner of the local shop promised to give him a paper round but on the condition that he produces 100 names of the potential clients. Having the opportunity, he searched for the names till when he got the list. In point of fact, it was his first business mistake as he gave the list for free instead of selling the list of names of the potential customers. Certainly, this small entrepreneurial activity cannot be regarded as sufficient experience for a future career but it demonstrated to him that a successful business person was the one who had persistence, diligence. The support, received by Duncan Bannatyne In the previous section of this paper, we have shown how various circumstances of Duncan Bannatyne’s life impacted his worldview and prompted him to become an entrepreneur. The influence of family background and community can hardly be underestimated but it is also important to show different people assisted him in his career. Lack of financial support from the parents At this point, we need to discuss the support which Duncan Bannatyne received from other people. His parents could not help him with his education and Duncan could not afford college (Bannatyne, 15). Thus, he had to develop entrepreneurial skills on his own. Certainly, modern scholars emphasize the importance of proper training which is indispensable for every business person. They also adm
Case Summary This catastrophe happened at a nuclear powered station in one of the Ukrainian regions called Chernobyl, on April 26,1986. The disaster led to a prolonged discharge of enormous quantities of radioactive materials into the atmosphere across Europe. Nevertheless, Canada, USA, and Japan also recorded some contamination. After the disaster, only the Southern Hemisphere remained free of this pollution (Nuclear Energy Agency 2002). The disaster occurred during a short-term closure of the power station for routine repairs. During the momentary closure, the maintenance team decided to carry out several tests on the reactor, but made numerous mistakes such as failing to maintain an optimum electric power and cooling of the RBMK reactor. These mistakes caused several explosions that destroyed major components of the reactor leading to leakage of radioactive components into the environment (Nuclear Energy Agency 2002). Causes of Disaster A series of events led to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, which culminated to several major explosions and contaminations. The investigation team on the Chernobyl accident established the four major causes of the disaster, which comprised communication failures, architectural errors in RBMK nuclear reactor, violation of technical guidelines, and the lack of safety principles at the station (World Nuclear Association 2012). These issues led to several unexpected chemical reactions inside the reactor, which later triggered several explosions, and an enormous fireball that destroyed the thick concrete and fortified lid of the reactor. Effects of the Calamity The Chernobyl calamity made news headlines in 1980s because of its magnitude and impacts on several aspects of human living. The Chernobyl disaster’s consequences consisted in health, environmental, political, social, economic, and psychological issues. The environmental effects of the disaster were attributed to radioactive materials. The explosion dispersed radioactive components over a large geographical area causing radioactive contamination of the soil (Czirják, Møller, Mousseau, & Heeb 2010). The fallout affected the Northern hemisphere in several ways. For instance, in numerous areas within a 10km distance from the nuclear station, the radiation caused fatally high levels of contamination, particularly in small animals such as rats and mice (Czirják, Møller, Mousseau, & Heeb 2010). Health Effects