ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Saudi Telecommunication Industry is rated as the largest across the entire Middle East region. The estimated subscriber base in the year 2008 was estimated at about 42 million. The Middle East region is known for high population density as well as high population growth. This is the single most important factor which has caused a high expansion in the local economy. The authorities have also continuously supported the industry in a development, expanding and the recent privatizations. The role of the government has enhanced penetration of the services to very high levels. This paper analyzes the Saudi Telecommunication industry with more focus on the Saudi Arabia Telecommunication Company STC which is the largest player in the Middle East market and whose actions, inactions and performance directly determines the direction of the entire industry in the region (Country Profile: Saudi Arabia, par5-7). The Saudi telecommunication market in the Middle East has been continually transformation within the last 10 years. Commitments made in the year 2005 as Saudi Arabia joined the World Trade Organization led to the privatization of the long dominant monopoly which was publicly owned. The market was also significantly liberalized. The market is dominated by mobile line subscriptions as opposed to the fixed line. The mobile lines take up over 90% of the entire market by the year 2008. Unlike the fixed lines, the mobile lines sector embraces diversity as well as extreme flexibility thus proving convenient for the population thus the high level of acceptance. This has offered adequate incentive for investment. The fixed lines have had very slow growth in the region. This is as a result of under investments. The situation is occasioned by the fact that the line is much less dynamic and confers minimal diversity to the people (Telecom Privatization and Learning’s in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, par8). Over the past eight years, both the mobile line and fixed lines have registered increased penetration though the fixed line segment falls short of the expectations set out by the development plans (Saudi Arabia Telecommunication Industry, par3). The sector is regulated by the Communication and Information Technology Commission (CITC) a body formed in the year 2001. The commission issues licenses to private operators, and is also mandated to regulate multimedia service providers, telephone as well as internet. The body works in parallel with the Ministry of Communications and Information (MCIT) to support growth as well as enforce regulations against abuse of powers due to market dominance. The MCIT develops the program policies and programs aimed at developing the sector (Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority, par8). The two main licenses issued are the individual licenses and class licenses. Individual licenses are issued to those who wish to offer a single service such as mobile data service, fixed voice telephone, mobile telephony and any other related service. Class licenses are categorized into Type A and Type B. Type A licenses are issued to hose offering voice resale services nationally
Introduction Organizations are currently faced with a lot of challenges and this is because of the changing trends in our society. It should be known that the work environment has been changing as time goes by and this means that many organizations will have to reevaluate their approach to work. In this case, we can say that employees are more informed and knowledgeable on many things and aspects that revolve around their work (Stack 2011, p. 12). This means that there is bound to be conflicts in a normal organization. Such conflicts can take different dimensions depending on the individuals in question. As a matter of fact, there is no organization that can boast that it does not have any conflicts. As much as there might be efforts to avoid conflicts, they are bound to arise by all means. This is based on the fact that we have different personalities that might not always be in unison with other people. As far as conflicts in organizations are concerned, there should be efforts to ensure that such issues are solved peacefully and amicably. In this case, we are saying that what matters is the approach that is given to the conflict as far as solving it is concerned. This is a major challenge to today’s managers because they have to contemplate on the best action to workplace conflicts that might not aggravate the situation. In this case, it should be known that workplace conflicts that have not been solved effectively meaning that they have ended up with a negative impact on the organization (Stack 2011, p. 23). This is because the work environment will not be conducive for various employees. A work place environment is defined and made by employees meaning that any poisoning will ultimately have a bad impact. As far as this paper is concerned, it is true and very practical that work place conflicts can be used to good effect. It should be known that this paper will look at how workplace conflicts can be used positively and in good effect. This means that we can always use any conflicts in the organization to make the environment better. As a matter of fact, such conflicts can be used to learn various things and thereby avoid any mistakes that might come by in future as a result of the past. Wholesomely, every organization has the capacity to use work place conflicts to its advantage instead of seeing it as a bad picture that might have an impact on its operations and activities (Lye, 2011, p. 31). Managers should understand that the new society demands a new approach and outlook to things than they were traditionally done. This is the new way to go and there is no need to work towards avoiding workplace conflicts in the organization. As much as there might be enough measures to avoid any conflict, it will be better if work place conflicts are used to good effect of th
Claude Debussy (1862 – 1918) Claude Debussy has earned the “impressionist” composer idiom for his exemplary mood evoking compositions based on tentative integration of harmonization and color tones in his styles. As opposed to romanticism with emotional ting and programmatic composition, Debussy embraced symbolist poets’ and impressionist painters’ composition styles in drawing his works. Such symbolism and impressions in his productions were aimed at creating exciting ambience and did expose him to new approaches of fine-tuning timbres and scales. Debussy’s pioneering works in his treatment of the orchestra and use of harmony laid the foundation for the then upcoming composers like Alban Berg. Some of the major pieces of representative works done by Claude Debussy include Cinq poemes de Baudelaire, Fantaisie, La demoiselle elue, Prelude a Lapres-midi dun faune among others. Debussy’s other significant orchestral productions include Nocturnes, Revue blanche, and La mer. Igor Stravinsky (1882 – 1971) Igor Stravinsky’s composition excels most of his contemporary composers to the extent that his flavor and style has revolutionized the universal manner in which the world listens to music. Stravinsky’s master piece compositions range from the then conventional classicism through neo-classicism to atonalism, forming a stage for the integration of his harmonics and rhythmic innovations in the universal music system. Stravinsky’s exemplary performance in revolutionizing the music industry of his day can be attributed to his consistency in maintaining a strong profile through his exposition of the underlying beauty of real classical music. Stravinsky’s music composition style contravened the standard structure of melody, harmony and canons in that his on-set presentations were extremely dissonant that the audience would be revolted by the sound yet at the same time they were drawn by the inherent genius of his p
Summary Forgiveness plays a critical role in the healing process of the offended party. The natural response to hurt is revenge, but this approach escalates the problem because the offended person carries a psychological burden as long as s/he does not forgive the offender. Forgiveness interventions have been shown to assist the offended party to overcome anger, develop self-esteem, and move on with life. However, the forgiveness process is complex, and thus it requires professional help in a bid to reap maximum benefits. The church is one of the institutions that can be used to spread the gospel of forgiveness by offering practical tools to be used by the offended parties as they recover from their hurt. Two forgiveness models exist, viz. “Worthington’s REACH model and Enright’s process model” (Magnuson & Enright, 2008, p. 114). The church foundation rests on the forgiveness of humanity’s sins through the shedding of blood at the cross. Therefore, all individuals acknowledge that they have sinned and received forgiveness, and thus they should extend the same to their offenders. Therefore, the model suggested in this article focuses on different “levels of forgiveness education that take place every year to cultivate a culture of forgiveness and the expectation of forgiveness” (Magnuson & Enright, 2008, p. 116). These learning programs inculcate the principles of forgiveness based on biblical principles and available models. People should be taught how to grant and receive forgiveness in a bid to recover from their hurt. The authors outline the different parties that are involved in the forgiveness training programs in the church. They include pastors, associate ministers, the pastoral care department, and lay volunteers. The target groups include singles, couples and families, children, and other individuals. These programs equip people to be psychologically, philosophically, and theologically sophisticated forgivers. Reflection My initial response after seeing the paper was that the church has nothing to offer in terms of helping individuals to learn how to forgive others. This view was due to my conventional thinking that churches are supposed to preach the gospel of repentance and the forgiveness of sins by our creator. However, after reading the article, I now appreciate the critical role that the church can play as a forgiving community. The church is composed of a body of believers who believe that their sins have been forgiven through the shedding of the blood of Jesus on the cross. This aspect forms the premise under which the church can play a critical role in creating a community of forgivers. After reading the article, I realize that people can easily forgive others after acknowledging that they have received forgiveness at one point in their lives. Therefore, by integrating this understanding into the available forgiveness models, people can learn how to forgive their offenders easily, which forms the basis of healing and overcoming anger. I am interested in this topic because I have realized that the number of people holding on to resentment is increasing rapidly. Human relations require pe
Abstract Acupuncture comes from traditional Chinese medicine, where trained doctors and practitioners target specific points on the body. Acupuncture is a holistic health technique that is done by inserting thin needles into the skin at certain points on the body. Treatment can last anywhere from 15 minutes to an hour. Sometimes heat and mild electrical current are used along with the needles to help with the area that is being treated. Studies have found promising results for the use of acupuncture for stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, fibromyalgia, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, asthma, drug addiction, dental pain, and labor pain (Kiefer, 2016). The paper is aimed at testing the following hypothesis: to prove acupuncture used as labor analgesia has fewer risks and complications for a pregnant woman when compared to an epidural. This type of study is qualitative research. Acupuncture is for women who plan to have a natural birth, for those who do not have a high-risk pregnancy, and for those who did not have a previous c-section. Women who participated in clinical trials for this research have experienced positive outcomes for the treatment. There are no known risks to women who use acupuncture when practiced by trained practitioners using disposable needles (Siimkin & Bolding, 2004). Introduction The purpose of the study is to identify the advantages of having acupuncture as labor analgesia over epidural. The main problem is the theoretical justification for the effectiveness of acupuncture and the absence of harm of such a procedure for a pregnant woman. The independent variable is acupuncture during labor; the dependent variable is the risk and complications of having an epidural. Anesthetists use both acupuncture and epidural anesthesia in medical practice to relieve pain during labor. The hypothesis: if a pregnant woman who is experiencing labor chooses to have acupuncture as labor analgesia, then she will have fewer risks and complications when compared to a pregnant woman who wants to have an epidural. The principal question is as follows: what are the benefits of acupuncture performance during labor? Theoretical Framework and Methodology The core of the study is the papers of those authors who previously worked with this topic, as well as general information about the specifics of acupuncture and its advantages in obstetrics. For the authors to carry out a detailed study, it was necessary to examine some materials on various cases of anesthesia performed with the use of acupuncture or an epidural method. According to this research, it was possible to conclude in favor of the first procedure. The rationale for choosing such a conceptual framework is the sufficient knowledge of competent specialists in this field and the responses of the women themselves who directly experienced the effect of these types of anesthesia. As the sources used in the research process, five articles from scientific journals and one article from t
Demographic Selection Based on an examination of the different possible variables, the target market demographics for the Platinum Preferred Customer card will primarily be high-income frequent flyers of Etihad Airlines. The reason for this is quite simple; these are individuals with access to large amounts of money and, as such, are the best choice for utilizing the Platinum Preferred Customer card. It should also be noted that through an examination of frequent flyer customers, it is estimated that 60 to 70 per cent of the clientele that match the specified requirements will be female clients of the airline. The reasoning behind this is connected to the fact that women are more likely to buy good luxury items and travel extensively for pleasure as compared to men. Geographic Selection All in all, the geographic selection for this campaign was based on cities with the highest standard of living from Eithad’s selection of flight routes. The reason behind this was quite simple; these areas represent locations with the highest concentration of shops, services and amenities that Platinum Preferred Customer card would enjoy. These locations have access to airport lounges, delivery services, high-end shops, concierge services and other such amenities that are simply not available in other locations. As such, by focusing on these locations, the company will be able to provide the services it promised to its clients. Product Design The basis behind the product design was simply the credit card industry has been connecting special amenities, services and exclusive offers to particular credit cards and, as such, Etihad is well poised to take advantage of this particular trend by developing its own card and enticing the passengers that use the airline frequently to acquire one. The reason such services are
Tesla was inspired to create the alternating current motor by the Gramme dynamo. This invention had the ability to operate in different ways upon reversal. When rotating in a certain direction, it was a motor and when moving in the opposite manner, it was an electric generator. Therefore, Tesla realized that he could utilize a magnetic field to create an induction motor through reversed rotations. Prior to this invention, Alternating current (AC) could not be operated on by motors. Engineers were having a problem with this fact because although AC was advantageous to DC (owing to its ability to be transmitted over long distances and its ability to stand high voltage) it could not be translated to motors. So there was a need to come up with an effective way of doing so. This is what motivated Tesla to look for a solution to this problem as he was dealing with the issue (Nikola, 1919). Scientist. The scientist involved in the discovery was called Nicola Tesla. He was an electrical engineering student at the Austrian Polytechnic. This was the point at which his interest in alternating current began because he focused on that project for a long time. As time went on, he defied his tutors and stopped attending lectures. He therefore quit the pursuance of his degree during his third year. At that time, he worked as an assistance engineer for a while at Marburg and then went on to study one term at a university in Prague. His time at the Continental Edison Company is what adequately prepared him to undertake this journey. He was in a position to look at the inefficiencies of direct current motors and hence establish certain mechanisms for improving them through the use of AC. Tesla was confident that the experiment would work because it was based on sound scientific principles. He had dealt with magnetic induction and was merely applying the same in his experiment. Furthermore, the induction motor’s workings were somewhat similar to other concepts like the Gramme dynamo. Discovery. The experiment entailed rubber plates covered by tin foil. They were connected to transformers. The plates were placed about fifteen feet apart and between them were wireless lamps. The lamps were immediately lit once current was turned on. The experiment attracted a lot of awe in London. Essentially, the invention intended on rotating a motor that was caused to do by a rotating magnet which had also been propagated by the AC. With this particular invention, much like most of his other inventions, Tesla used picture thinking. Here, he visualized the image of the invention that he was supposed to make. He pictured all the dimensions of the AC motor and worked out all the elements of construction in his head. He then thought through the process of testing the device and reworked it over and
The Muslim community in the United States is divided into two groups. The first group consists of indigenous Muslims commonly referred to as African American Muslims. This group of Muslims came to the United States as slaves shipped in from West Africa. Islam religion was well established in West African countries long before the slave trade began. This implies that the slave trade was a major factor in the introduction of Islam religion in the United States. The other group consists of immigrant Muslims who, according to history, came to the United State at the beginning of the first century. Currently, the rivalry between Immigrant Muslims and African American Muslims persists in many areas. The major causes for the rivalry are social factors such as race, gender, and power. These are the factors that have brought about a division of Islam’s religion into two. According to Amina Wadud, an African American activist, racism has been a factor that has affected African American Muslims who are frequently disregarded by their counterparts. The immigrant Muslims from the Middle East have been quick to judge Africa American Muslims based on the color of their skin and language. The Immigrant Muslims consider themselves to be more advanced in Islam and therefore discriminate the African American Muslims due to their mixed culture and heritage. In a good number of Mosques, the Imams are usually brought in from the Middle East. Such Imams have limited knowledge of the American language which forces them to conduct their religious services in Arabic. This language barrier has brought discrimination whereby the African American Muslims are perceived to be less Muslim than the immigrants. Gender discrimination has also been a factor promoted by immigrant Muslims. In any Islamic organization run by immigrant Muslims, women are not given any meaningful position to run. They are also less regarded in Mosques. This is different in Mosques run by African Americans where women are allowed to even conduct prayer sessions. This is otherwise a taboo harshly condemned by the immigrant Muslims. The allocation of power has brought discrimination between African American Muslims and immigrant Muslims. Generally, Mosque building is done by donors from the Middle East. They play a big role in the running of the mosques and therefore ensure that the African American Muslims are not given any position to run the offices, organizations, and Mosque affairs. According to the African American activist, there is a need to address these factors that have brought the division of the Islam religion. To solve the conflicts there is a need for dialogue among the rivalry groups. The groups should discuss ways of uniting the Muslim community in the United States. These discussions will help to come up with a governing style with the formation of an umbrella of the American Muslim. The conflicts on race and ethnic origin should be well tackled to avoid discrimination. Here, Muslims from all walks of life shou