ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Sustainable economic development entails the ability of the present human beings to meet their needs with the available resources without trashing the ability of the future generations from doing the same (Sustainable Development in Developing Countries, 2012a ). It also involves integrating all environmental issues with the purpose of ensuring economic development that can meet the immediate needs of both the present and future generations. Sustainable economic development encompasses cultural, natural, social, and economic environments whose inclusive development is vital to the welfare of society. Notably, sustainability in terms of interdependence and fairness ought to be between countries in the world and individuals within a country. For instance, South Africa that has abundant gold and platinum lacks adequate water for its population. The rich population possesses most of these natural resources since the distribution processes do not follow fairness and equity but the purchasing power of an individual. Clearly, such an economy encourages disparities among the population with a small population having the potential to consume a large portion of the world’s natural resources. This country can reduce poverty levels by enhancing pro-poor development mechanisms. The main causes of environmental degradation in developing nations are grouped into two categories namely natural and human factors. Natural factors are nature bound; they include hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, and droughts among others. Droughts, for instance, destroy the vegetation thus leaving the land open for massive erosions (Powell, 2009). Both wind and soil erosions sweep the top fertile soil; such soils cannot support crop production. If droughts occur in some parts of the world then, there will be a diverse economic growth thereby causing unsustainability in economic development. On the other front, human factors like industrialization and urbanization result from human actions. Powell (2009) asserts that when a country sets up industries in different areas, employment opportunities and the market for investments arise. From this perspective, the economy will serve a vast population thereby enhancing equality and accessibility to the country’s resources by all. On the other hand, the industrialization process can lead to the mechanization of production thus putting laborers out of work. Deforestation and water pollution have immense effects on developing countries — polluted water results from wastes that do not decompose quickly. Developing countries will meet the extra cost of treating polluted water. Their governments could have directed these funds to other useful economic projects like rural electrification and education sponsorship. Socially, polluted water causes numerous diseases such as cholera and typhoid. These diseases may kill the poor who only have money for their everyday basic needs. The social structure in society reveals the different economic powers that exist in the community. Economists believe that the massive deforestation in Su
The Sensables process presents a novel approach that was successfully implemented in the company’s practice. The Tastykake team managed to come up with a solution really quick. For the reason of health concerns, they had to target a variety of health concerns. Their production had to be low-carb and healthy, combining the looks and the taste that would appeal to the customers. If we compare this case to the other processes from this chapter, there is a slight difference in the time frame spent on the elaboration and implementation of the innovative product in the Tastykake’s case (Garcia, 2014). Regardless of the oppressing deadline, Schutz and her team were able to find the perfect formula for the majority of the snacks supposed to go into production after the period of testing. This trial and error approach is one of the pillars that subsidized to the success of the Tastykake franchise. It is important to note that, notwithstanding the lack of resources, the team was able to provide everything on time. Tastykake showed a profound knowledge of marketing and customized their new product line in accordance with the testers’ feedback (Garcia, 2014). One of the questionable moments, in this case, is the relative self-assurance of the team as they released the snacks that contained an adverse ingredient that caused major side effects. Fortunately, Schutz recognized the fault and adjusted the product formulas by minimizing the amount of maltitol. It is rather reasonable to expect that the Sensables line will be successful among the customers. The Tastykake presented the product that positively differs from other products on the market in terms of ingredients and its taste. This line would most probably succeed for the reason that it is a new product that the customers would love to try out. This would help them decide whether they want to discontinue buying these snacks. It is rather evident that Schutz’s efforts were not in vain and gave the team more freedom in terms of imagination and innovative marketing approach (Garcia, 2014). In other words, the Tastykake gave people the chance to check them out and kept the promise of releasing the new line on time. All of the aspects were modified in compliance with the legislation and, more importantly, customers’ wishes. To conclude, the Sensables would definitely be a successful product line that may be rightfully considered Schutz’s and her team’s extensive effort (Garcia, 2014). The notion of innovation first appeared more than thirty years ago (Kanter, 2007). Since then, innovation is one of the most used words when it comes to marketing and quite a few other industries. Consistent with Kanter, the definition of innovation is directly connected to four so-called stages (Kanter, 2007). The first stage was the dawn of the information age. Generally speaking, this was the period when consumer and desktop products appeared instead of big and sluggish mainframes. This helped design better products and allowed to create various applications assisting in elaborating innovative ideas (Kanter, 2007). Th
Background Job satisfaction is the contentedness of people working in a given place. Contented employees love their job, and they work very hard to deliver their best. Satisfied employees do not desire to find other job opportunities. Therefore, an employer with satisfied employees will have a high job retention capacity (Rehman and Waheed 178). Job satisfaction is a very crucial aspect that determines the productivity levels of employees. An organization with satisfied employees will have sustainable performance and excellent productivity levels (Abdulla, Djebarni and Mellahi 128). Employee satisfaction levels are directly proportional to the productivity and job retention levels. However, job satisfactory ratings indicate that 73% of UAE’s citizens are dissatisfied with their employment terms and conditions in both the private and public sectors (Maceda 1). The public sectors of United Arab Emirates (UAE) have had difficulties in withholding their employees (AbdelRahman, Elamin and Aboelmaged 14). Essentially, the public sector comprises of all the ventures that are fully owned by the state. The non-profit making sectors that aim at providing public services to the citizens are all government entities. The public healthcare facilities, public learning institutions, natural resources, and the various government ministries aim at providing the citizens with the best services. The government uses part of the tax revenues to pay the public sector employees. Essentially, UAE is one of the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which controls about 50% of the world’s oil reserves. The GCC ought to control the economic and financial affairs for its member states. However, GCC has had trouble in performing its duties in the recent past (Ibrahim and Qassimi 28). The private sectors are not as overwhelmed as the government is, therefore, they are able to offer better employment terms than the public sector. The private sector takes advantage of GCC’s troubles to scoop its best employees. In UAE, public employees have had diminishing pay premiums in spite of the fact that they rise through the ranks. Although the public employees complain, very little is done, and they only opt to leave their jobs to look for greener pastures in the private sectors (Solanki 13). The move has had a significant negative effect on the public sector of the UAE. Whenever a public office looses a competent employee, the supervisors are forced to have inexperienced employees serving the government. Similarly, the duly trained employees will desire to leave once they are promised a higher pay with greater benefits than those in the public office. According to statistical reports, 19% of the employees i
Issue The ethical issue here is whether formula-milk companies such as Nestle are committing an offense by pressing for their products to be bought and substituted for breast milk. Rule In order to emphasize the significance of breast-feeding, the World Health Organization (WHO) came up with the International Code of Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes in 1981. The Code, together with other decrees, advocates for the control on the advertising of breast milk substitutes. This is aimed at encouraging mothers to breastfeed their babies and avoids improper use of the substitutes, for example, infant formula. The elements of the Code prevent companies from advertising breast milk substitutes that have an effect on mothers, health workers, and health care systems. In addition, labels on the products must uphold the importance of breast milk. Some key points of the Code include prohibition of the advertising of the products in hospitals, shops, or to the public, prohibition of giving free samples to mothers and health workers, and prohibition of giving inaccurate information. The Code has made exceptions allowing nations to implement it fully or partially as part of their own law. Therefore, the International Code is only legally enforceable when it has been incorporated into the law of a country. Application/ Analysis Nestle has been implicated to be involving in less-than-perfect practices concerning the marketing of their breast milk substitute products, especially in developing countries such as Bangladesh. In 1977, campaigners called for an International boycott of Nestle’s products because of this practice. This prompted the enactment of the International Code. Despite the passing of the Code, campaigners are still flagging up the boycott. They claim that Nestle, as the market leader, and other related companies, have failed to adhere to the statutes of the Code. Analyzing the facts in light of the provisions of the Code will reveal this. The International Code, which was enshrined in Bangladesh law in 1984, stipulates that information given to mothers by the companies should be objective, stress on the relevance of breast milk, and should not refer to any brand name of a product. However, the situation is different in the country. The formula manufacturers give health workers tear-off pads featuring pictures of their products, for example, Nestle has leaflets with pictures of Lactogen. More so, they do not give any useful information on the importance of breastfeeding. In contrast to the elements of the code, mothers in Bangladesh are given free product samples and gifts, the companies engage in direct contact with the mothers, and they engage in unfair promotional strategies such as giving of discounts. The Code obliges health professionals to encourage and shield the habit of breastfeeding; however, this is not the case in Bangladesh since they prescribe breastfeeding to mothers without taking care of the future consequences. Conclusion Nestle, and other manufacturers, have violated the provisions of the International Code in developing countries such as Bangladesh. Therefore, the campai
Introduction Laboratory accidents are common occurrences or risks that most science labs experience. These risks pose serious physical and property damage. This paper presents a comprehensive strategic plan to manage the risks and accidents in the practical laboratories at the university. The plan integrates administrative, procedural, and personal protective equipment controls. Practical Laboratories Management Plan Administrative Controls Administrative controls are measures for promoting safety for the management team of a laboratory. These controls summarize the standards and written plans for operating procedures, training, labels, and personal substitutions (Murov 35). Therefore, the administrative controls for avoiding accidents are:  1. Ensuring laboratory users are provided with compliance and safety training to conduct experiments safely;  2. Making sure users are equipped with adequate procedural or experiment-specific training to conduct duties safely;  3. Requiring written prior approval for an experimental procedure in the laboratory;  4. Restricting access to laboratory areas, especially where hazardous equipment and chemicals are kept or used;  5. Labeling different areas in the laboratory to guide users using the Hazard Assessment and Laboratory Signage (HALS) (Dux 25);  6. Ascertaining stand
Taxonomy and Linnaean classification The taxonomical classification of grasses is shown below; Kingdom; – Plantae Phylum; – Magnoliophyta (angiosperms/ flowering plants) Class; – Liliopsida (monocotyledonous plants) Order; – Poales (Graminoid order) Family; – Poaceae (grass family) Genus; – Poa Species; – Various species Introduction, Physical Description and Geographical Range Grasses can be described as herbivorous plants which have narrow leaves growing from the plant base. They are dominant vegetation in many places such as forests, grasslands and in swampy regions. Grasses are found in almost every terrestrial habitant and some have been modified to suit mans needs. The grass species exceed 9000 making them one of the largest biological families in the world. Plant description The grass plant is comprised of tillers/ shoots that grow from the bud at the plant base. The tiller is comprised of leaf, stem node and the stem internodes. These units regularly repeat themselves. The leaves are attached to the stem at the internodes. The stems are hollow and are refereed to as culms. The leaves grow at one plane (distichous) and are parallel veined. The leaves have two parts; the lower sheath where it hug on the stem and a blade which has sharp edges to prevent grazing. The flowers are usually arranged as spikelets . These spikelets have one or more florets. At the early growth stages of the plant, the nodes distance (internodes) is very small and the stem remains at the base of the plant. As the development progresses, the tiller stops to produce leaves and forms an immature seed head. When this happens, the tiller no longer grows and clipping it off or grazing does not affect the leaf growth of the grass. At this stage, the upper internodes elongate, new tillers emerge while the seed head increases in length. Figure 1: the different parts of a grass plant [source: Banhart, 1 ] Reproductive Habits and Life Cycle There are three main development stages of grasses, these are; Vegetative growth Leaves: At an early stage, the leaves form at the stem near the ground. The leaves develop chlorophyll and photosynthesis occurs fast so that they capture solar energy to enable the formation of carbohydrates. The excess carbohydrates are stored in the roots and the plant crown. Normally, the leaves produced during spring die and the carbohydrates stored at the crown help in new leaf development during summer (Chapman 73). Roots: The primary root developments occur during the initial growth stages and it feeds the initial leaves. These roots last for a few weeks and die. Secondary roots develop at the same time with tillers. This growth is supported by the carbohydrates produced by the leaves. The secondary root lasts for one year and aid in anchoring the plant. Other types of root that develop are the hair roots that aid in food absorp
Introduction Early childhood stage is an important part of a child’s intellectual development. During this stage, the brain tends to absorb anything from the immediate environment. This initial stage of growth plays a significant role in motivating and preparing a child to embrace education. It is important to recognize the contribution that early childhood education plays in an individual’s life and how it affects personal growth process. Children often learn social and interaction skills through formal education and social activities. Importance of Early Childhood Education Traditionally, children were considered to be unable to distinguish between right and wrong. Therefore, people never saw the need to impart knowledge during their early stages. This outdated school of thought might hold some truth to some extent. However, it is vital to mention that children often accommodate everything in their immediate environment. The mind of a developing child operates like a sponge. Therefore, early childhood education is essential (McGowan, 2012). The social capability of a child is critical in the overall social growth of a child. However, it is important to mention that children who are enrolled in early schooling programs can utilize their memories so well in the entire process of development. Moreover, the learning potential of children who have gone through early childhood education is greatly enhanced even when they reach higher levels of education. In other words, early childhood education sets the right foundation for acquiring education and the overall learning ability. Early childhood stage refers to the first eight years of a child after birth. Research carried out on a child’s brain capacity indicates that eighty five percent of the brain develops at the age of five and tha
The researcher has written about the effects of family conflict resolution techniques on a child’s school performance. A child’s behavior in school is affected by various factors but the conflict resolution techniques play an important role. This article has shown how children have been affected by the parent’s behavior. These confliction resolutions in the family structure cause more harm to child if not well managed. Authors states that the conflict resolution in the family influences classroom so strongly that the teachers and schools may not be able to overcome it. Children from conflict ridden perform have aggressive behavior than other children. These children perform worse not because of laziness but due to the interaction of the social and economic rationalities (Brain and Mukherji, 2005). This qualitative study seeks to establish whether family conflict resolution plays a role in the development of certain behavior in the classroom. The study follows an experimental design, involving the observation and interview of individuals. The research is important to all stakeholders because a child’s inappropriate behavior has a way of proliferating into academic achievement. The major aim of research is to ensure there is an understanding of effects of home environment and full academic potential is achieved. One of the core things to do is to manage disruptive behavior by practicing skills that minimize misbehavior. The article has shown that families tend to respond to and influence transformation in child’s behavior. Members of an effective family enjoy a tightly knit social structure in which a solid social associations that directs each other’s interaction. Family sociologists explore how the family as a social institution operates through the interaction of the different members and the manner in which they shape behaviors, feelings, and opportunities in the institution. Critique of the statistical analysis The aim of this study is to establish whether conflict resolution methods play a role in certain behavior. The behavior will be monitored through observation and oral interviews, and the exercise will be aimed at establishing disparities in behavior levels of participants. Responses from the participants regarding the simulations of real life situations will be compared. The aim of this comparison will be to establish any disparities in student’s behavior. The study will also gather data from secondary sources relevant to the topic, and relate it to the results from observation and interviews. Such secondary sources will include literature from previous studies and expert opinions on personality development and human learning. Relating this literature to the findings will be beneficial in deducting informed inferences concerning the role of gender in development of classroom behavior and parents conflict resolution. Limitations and assumptions The research method selected will involve study of parent’s conflict resolution techniques. This method will be experimental and required the active participation of the selected individuals to enhance accuracy and reliability in th
Introduction This paper aims to provide a better understanding of project marketing and to contribute to the literature the perceived relationship between project marketing and project management. A research question can be asked to get a closer look at the entire dissertation, that is: how can project marketing be used to attain project success? We have also to answer the question related to this one, which goes: Is project marketing the same or a sub-category of project management? In the age of intense globalisation, organisations are continuously experiencing phenomenal changes and innovations. The world of business is constantly facing new challenges, innovations and applications, thus organisations have to cope with constant change. Managing change is one of the priorities of the new global organisation because change is an opportunity for improvement. Organisations have to adopt and continuously train and improve because of these changes. Adoption and improvement are significant here because outsourcing companies (or those who provide outsourcing services) are a source of competition. This means there is a strong competition when it comes to talents and capabilities and output. Globalisation involves systems, technology and processes. Technology is a part and tool of globalisation which has affected even the smallest community. Global business has penetrated the remotest areas of the countryside. Small organisations have become global organisations, or they operate in a global scale. With the advent of information technology, organisations have to introduce various changes in their business processes, marketing strategies, product orientation, employee management or human resource management, and other organisational strategies in order to be competitive. Project management is as old as written history. Tracing back history, we can analyze its role and importance to man’s activities. From the time of management scientists and industrial engineers like Elton Mayo and Frederick Winslow Taylor to Henry Ford’s production-line manufacturing famous with Model T automobile, to Henry Gantt and his famous charts, we see project management present in every aspect of labour and production. This was further enhanced with the emergence of mainframe digital computers which made processing and updating of products faster and easier. (Lock, 2007, p. 3) Man-made projects are not new: monuments surviving from the earliest civilisations testify to the incredible achievements of our ancestors. Modern projects, for all their technological sophistication, are not necessarily greater i