ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Bonnett, M. (2004). Retrieving nature: Education for a post-humanist age. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Michael Bonnett is one of Britain’s well known philosophers of education. In his book “Retrieving nature: education for a post-humanist age”, he focuses on the issue of an environmental ethos for living and for education purposes. Bonnett questions how education can respond to the present day problems regarding the environment and postulates an innovative thesis regarding establishing a connection between the human spirit and environment. Bridgen, A.F. (2007). A Heuristic Journey of Discovery: Exploring the Positive Influence of the Natural Environment on the Human Spirit (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10063/168/thesis.pdf?sequence=2 “A heuristic Journey of Discovery: Exploring the positive influence of the natural environment on the human spirit” by Annette Frances Bridgen is a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in 2007 which explores the positive impact of nature on the human spirit. As part of the background literature supporting his study, Bridgen quotes examples of writers who have experienced physical healing by contact with the environment. Coffin, B. & Pfannmuller, L. (1988). Minnesota’s endangered flora and fauna (Minnesota Archive Editions ed.). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. This is a report published by the Minnesota. Dept. of Natural Resources, authored by Barbara Coffin and Lee Pfannmuller that provides detailed information regarding the flora and fauna of Minnesota region in the United States. The figures for rare and endangered species are particularly significant. In the foreword, there is useful discussion on the value of natural resources to mankind and how the loss of species will diminish the value of the planet. The foreword includes a very relevant quotation by Philosopher Holmes Rolston III. Colfer, C.J.P. (2008). Human health and forests: A global overview of issues, practice, and policy. London, UK: Earthscan Publishers. Carol J. Pierce Colfer takes a global overview of issues, practice and policy matters of forests in the context of human health. Many people live and work in the forests and they face the unique challenge of maintaining their good health in the forest enviro
Billy Graham is considered one of the most influential religious figures in US history and one of the most famous evangelicals in the world. During his lifetime, Graham preached the Gospel to hundreds of millions of people around the world and earned his love, respect, and appreciation from thousands through his charisma, sincerity, and righteousness. However, the main lesson that one can take from the life of Billy Graham is the need to adapt to the demands of modernity while maintaining the fundamental principles of his faith. Billy Graham has become one of the most famous and beloved preachers of the Gospel for his charisma, simplicity, sincerity, and education. A farmer’s son, Graham, discovered the path of evangelism after hearing Mordechai Ham’s preach as a child, which prompted him to go to college. Graham graduated from Wheaton College, Illinois, which helped him gain a wide range of knowledge and develop his unique style of preaching. The peculiarity of his speeches was that he always sincerely and simply conveyed messages to the audience. Graham believed that sincerity helps pave the way for the souls and hearts of people, converting them to God. The central idea of ​​all his speeches was that Jesus loves all people, so all who choose the path of serving the Lord will be saved. This message helped Gramm attract more and more people by preaching the Gospel to them, listening to their problems, and treating all people as equals. A feature of Graham was the approach that he made central to his life and career, namely the acceptance of any opportunity to transmit the Word of God, as well as the expression of love and respect for all people, regardless of their background and past. For this reason, Graham was one of the first to appear on radio and television, which gained popularity in the United States. However, he did not join the so-called “televangelists” who sharply criticized homosexuals and other unconventional trends at the time. Moreover, Graham’s position allowed him to carry out “crusades” both in the United States and around the world. For example, in 1992, Graham became the first religious leader to visit North Korea, and he was a regular guest of Africa and Asia and met with Soviet officials. Graham has preached to an audience of 210 million people in over 185 countries and has also been a member of global missions and meetings such as the BMS World Mission and Global Mission. In his speeches, Graham often made references to
It is not a secret that nurses, just as many other medical professionals, regularly meet some ethical issues. On the one hand, they work with people, which can result in interpersonal conflicts and relevant situations. On the other hand, death-or-life cases are common in the healthcare system, and it is necessary to know how to deal with them correctly. The most famous examples of ethical dilemmas include end-of-life issues, patient privacy concerns, conflicts with patients or their relatives, organizational constraints, and many others. There exists the Nursing Code of Ethics that contains comprehensive information on how to handle various ethical issues; that is why it should be an indispensable book for many nurses. It means that each of the cases above requires from a nurse to evaluate a situation correctly, choose a suitable decision-making theory, and apply it step-by-step. Introducing an Ethical Dilemma As has been stated, there are many examples of ethical dilemmas that are faced by nurses, and it is impossible to say which of them are more complicated than the others. All nurses should be able to handle each of them successfully. In this case, they should have an appropriate level of expertise and experience. In the modern healthcare system, it is a typical case when providers should care for patients who require particular attention concerning their religion (Scharman, Burger, Shatzel, Kim, & DeLoughery, 2017). Thus, ethical dilemmas involving religious and medical affairs are common for nurses, which, however, does not mean that they are easy to meet. Considering th
The success in improving sales volumes largely relies on the ability of the sales department to accurately analyze the main drivers of customer behavior. Different products are affected by various factors determining sales to a varying degree. The quality, price, and supply quantities are however universal determinants of sales in all products (Marketing Teacher, 2009, Para 4). This paper analyses the behavior of consumers and businesses in a case involving Graves Enterprises, a manufacturer of consumer and commercial grade floor care products. The Consumer Products Proposal emphasizes promoting the eco-friendly element of the products. The price is to be hiked by 50% above current prices. It also proposes diversification by introducing extra products. Finally, it suggests the expansion into other retail lines. Some of these proposals are not feasible. Market survey shows price is the most important influence on the choice behavior by consumers. Eco-friendliness was the least important attribute. In this regard the suggestion to increase prices and ensure eco-friendliness is wrong. This will not work to improve sales but may even reduce volumes sold due to the sensitivity or elasticity of the products to price changes. According to research price remains the most powerful influence on buyer behavior. This being the case, a 50% price hike cannot lead to good sales. The focus should be on how to reduce prices to improve competitiveness (Brown, 2008, Para3). The commercial products proposal seeks the introduction of a full antibacterial product line for schools and hospitals and the repackaging of anti-skid wax for sale to hospitals and nursing homes. The new product line is to be charged twice the price of current products. The proposal to introduce the new products at twice the price of current products will not work. This is because hospitals and nursing homes also considered price as the key purchasing decision. The high prices are likely to put off buyers despite the extra features. In growing the commercial side of the business, the focus should shift from increasing prices to decreasing them to beat the competition. An advertising campaign spelling out the unique features of the company’s products should be undertaken. The mold reduction aspect, as well as the “Scotchgard” for continued stain protection, can be very powerful selling points especially in trying to position the products as being superior to those offered by competitors. This will best influence the minds of consumers. The company should move aggressively towards the healthcare industry as it remains untapped (Kotler, and Keller, 2009, pp42). In completing this exercise, the writer learned that consumer behavior has not really changed with the introduction of the environmental frie
Introduction Madeline Neumann was an 11-year-old daughter of Dale and Leilani Neumann. She was suffering from diabetic Ketoacidosis and later died because of being neglected by her parents (Jessica 6). It was an illness that could have been treated if the child had received medical care. The Neumanns did not take her to hospital despite being urged by their friends and relatives. The parents had neglected to seek medical aid based on religious background. A Decision a Juror can Make The Neumanns are supposed to be charged with ‘second-degree reckless homicide” for neglect. Apparently, it appeared that the wife was the one who totally refused to seek medical care. Her husband had suggested they seek medical care when the girl collapsed. There are also Neumanns’ friends, Randall and Althea Wormgoor who persuaded the couple to seek medical help but they ignored. Evalani Gordon, Madeline’s grandmother, had also persuaded the couple to take Madeline to a doctor when she heard that she could not eat or walk but the couple ignored. Dale and Leilani have other three small children and if they will not be charged, they will continue with this practice. There seem to be more cases that people do not know about because of the law failing to correct this issue. The Neumanns are supposed to be charged with “second-degree reckless homicide” so as to pass the message that all parents are supposed to take their children to the hospital when they fall sick regardless of any beliefs they hold in religion. There will be no more cases of deaths if this decision is made. Faith healing should be discouraged and instead medical care should be promoted (Jessica 8). Neumanns are not supposed to be charged with a light sentence because of the neglect. Although they felt that they suffered enough and their actions were sincere, Madeline died and she could have been saved by medical care. Passing on this message through heavy punishment is important so that children may be protected, safe and may not suffer again. The Current State of the Case In the year of 2008, the Neumanns were free with signature bonds of about $450,000. Both couples were given court-appointed attorneys. In august 19, a protection plan was put by the court to ensure that the other small children of the couple did not receive the same treatment of being neglected. In early 2009, both Dale and Leilani were charged with “second-degree reckless homicide”. In October, 2009 both Neumanns were later sentenced a jail term of six months and 10 years probation (Jessica 8). The jail term was to be served a month in a year for a period of six years for them to continue taking care of their children that remained. There seemed to be no ground for appeal since the case was seen as an unusual. Conclusion The process of this trial was just, fair and legal because Madeline died while Neumanns watching, and she could have been saved if they had sought
Introduction Professionalism is the aim, conduct or qualities that characterize a vocation that requires advanced training in some liberal art or science. It is characterized by service to others, assessment of the client’s needs, practice as well as ethical conduct. Many confuse the term especially when it comes to law enforcement with a soft image, cool, aloof officer with no feeling, crisp uniform, and using high tech as an expert at fighting crime. Responsibility on the other hand is defined as assuming accountability for an action, task or a decision. Professionalism and ethics Professionalism in the police force has several positive impacts that include good service to the public, better pay for the constables, ethical conduct, strong community support as well as respect and a stronger role in a Criminal Justice System. In ethics, the aspect that matters is doing things in the rightful way irrespective of the individual in question. Ethics refers to a system of moral principles and a branch of philosophy that defines what is good for individuals as well as the society (Glomseth, Gott & Petter, 2011, p. 112). This brings about the question of whether police professionalism is based on education or ethics in the minds of many a people. In providing an answer to such a question, a study has been done that confirms that many of the officers in the law enforcement have minimum education for the job but very advanc
Introduction The relation between business and ethics is considered to be the central issue in modernized social activities; the importance of business morality analysis is closely dependant on its effectiveness and productivity. The article by Robert C, Solomon and Kristine Hanson is dedicated to the disclosure of the idea that the sphere of business is not presented as blind profits scramble, but an established practice having special rules and moral standards. The main issue of the work is the identification of business and ethics interdependence and their analysis as two inseparable functional elements. It is necessary to underline the fact that ethical thinking in the development of business sphere underlines professionalism and productivity of its operations. The central argument to be analyzed in the paper based on Solomon and Hanson’s article is dedicated to the identification of whether business can operate without ethics; it should be proved that the success of any business deal and operation can not be observed without well trained ethical behaviour. Product Dumping The safety of customers’ rights is considered to be the central issue in business ethics, leading to the formation of regulatory agencies focused on products testing. It should be stressed that the basic functions of these organizations are concentrated on reporting as to unsafe defects of the tested products; nevertheless, the key business concern is connected with product relative risk because of the inventories and research involved in testing. In case the product is unsafe, it cannot be legalized in the USA; as a result it is shifted to other places to be sold legally. So, ‘product dumping’ takes place when unsafe products which cannot be sold in one country according to the standards, are transported to another with the price challenges and numerous testing. It is necessary to stress that this process has direct connection to ethical sphere. The central ethical question to be covered is connected with problem solution whether the unsafe product is to be sold at another market, or devaluated which may lead to considerable market losses. Certainly, product damping is legally fulfilled in accordance with the requirements of this or that market, where the Commission on Product Safety legalize the products promotion. It is very difficult to comment whethe
It is interesting that one is required by law to have a license to operate an automobile but not to operate the brain yet the latter is a more sophisticated device that, nevertheless, works according to relatively simple principles. The brain is a triune structure that consists of three different parts, each having its own unique intelligence, sense of time and space, memory, and motor. The three parts are reptilian complex, the limbic system, and the neocortex. This paper explores these three parts, their components. However, special attention will be paid to the two hemispheres: left and right brain components -, which are found in the neocortex part of the brain. The first part of the brain to be considered in this paper is the reptilian complex. This part consists of the cerebellum, and the brainstem. The brainstem is composed of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the mesencephalon (Turgeon, 1993). The last part of the reptilian complex is the diencephalon. This comprises of the pineal and pituitary glands, thalamus, hypothalamus, and optic nerves. As its name suggests, the reptile complex is part of the brain that humans share with reptiles. It is the most primitive part of the brain. The reptilian complex is home to a number of functions. To begin with, it regulates all vital roles such as heartbeat, blood pressure and circulation, breathing, digestion, fluctuations in body temperature, the waking, sleeping, or dreaming cycle, and the endocrine system (Davidson & Hugdahl, 1996). The reptilian complex also controls automatic and instinctive reactions such as hunger, thirst, survival, sexual activity, fertility, and lactation. In addition, it is involved in selective concentration whereby sensory messages going to the higher levels of the brain are filtered. The reptilian complex also coordinates muscular activity such as balance, sense of position, muscle tone, as well as fine motor control. This part of the brain is also entrusted with motivation and drive, sensory switching, and certain social behaviors such as imitation, mating habits, feeding habits, and repetitive behaviors. The reptilian complex is constantly informed about the physical state of an individual, and when necessary, it transmits this information to the other parts of the brain. As such, this part is considered representative of the body in the brain. However, the reptilian brain is very limited in its ability to learn and respond to varying conditions because it is confined to genetically programmed behavior patterns (Turgeon, 1993). The second part of the brain is limbic system, which is found on top of the reptilian complex. The limbic system is found in all mammals and weighs about three quarters of a pound. It is directly connected to the cerebral cortex and to the hypothalamus, and indirectly to all sensory input. It comprises of the septum and septal region, the amygdale, the mammillary bodies, and the hippocampal gyrus and fimbria (Turgeon, 1993). The limbic system has two vital roles. To begin with, it acts as selector. It chooses from the environment whatever is suitable to cater for the needs of an ind
While Fullan outlined six ideas for implementing a successful change initiative, the three ideas chosen for this discussion are “Define Closing the Gap as the Overarching Goal”, “Recognize that all Successful Strategies are Socially Based and Action Oriented”, and “Assume that Lack of Capacity is the Initial Problem and then Work on it Continuously”. Define Closing the Gap as the Overarching Goal The first idea of defining closing the gap as an overarching goal (Fullan, 2016, p. 47) relates to a range of problems that exist in the society – the contrasts in performers like the rich and the poor, boys and girls, ethnic groups, individuals with special education. The gap between the two opposites is to be closed to achieve effective change in education. Paul Barton explored the concept of the gap in education, why it persists, as well as how the move towards the gap elimination can begin. In order for the successful change initiative in education to be implemented, both school and non-school factors should be taken into account. However, it was evidenced by the research that he non-school factors like the family environment are much more important (Barton, 2004, p. 10). Therefore, the change initiative to define closing the gap as the overarching goal can be targeted at promoting peaceful and supporting relationships within families to positively influence students’ achievements at school, and, therefore, downsizing and subsequently closing the existing gap. One of my colleagues has had some experience working with children whose parents were in need of financial aid. One such child was seriously malnourished and reported not getting much sleep. The teacher correctly (and timely) assessed the student’s needs and contacted their family. The family received the teacher’s suggestions on how the situation could be changed: my colleague helped them find local employment and welfare agencies and a family support service. As far as I know, these actions improved the financial situation in the family and prevented the student from lagging behind. Recognize that all Successful Strategies Are Socially Based and Action Oriented The second idea calls for recognizing that all successful strategies are based on the action and the social environment. The core of this strategy relates to improving relationships, which is a challenging task (Fullan, 2016, p. 48). Since it is a great challenge, the collaboration between different members of the society can result in bringing confidence as well as the “winning streaks” supported by such collaboration (Kanter, 2004, p. 8). Thus, to achieve success in the process of the change initiative, there should be tight collaboration supported by concrete actions as well as the social background. Because some of the primary determinants of well-being and motivation are the social status as well as the quality of the social relationships, change initiatives, especially in the sphere of education, should also origin
Introduction The introduction of a new system of recruiting and selection of teachers at DCPS classroom is an important strategy of enhancing student achievement. The system is performance-based and it tries to recognize the most competent teachers, for recruitment and selection. In order to monitor the teachers’ performance, Recruitment and Selection team uses a spreadsheet that tracks those teachers who progress from each stage during the recruitment and selection phase. The spreadsheet has columns that indicate the goals set at the beginning of the years and the actual performance of the teachers at every juncture (Murray, 2000). The spreadsheet that tracks the teachers’ progress in the recruitment and selection process indicates that the team had anticipated that 60% (equivalent to 2645) of interested applicants would submit complete applications. However, the tracking spreadsheet indicate that it was only 54% (equivalent to 1186) who were successful in submitting complete applications that entailed a complete resume, complete pre-qualification questions and complete employment. The consequent step entailed identifying those applicants who submitted applications that met qualifications. Out of the anticipated 80% (equivalent to 2116), it was 76% (equivalent to 902) who were able to submit applications that met qualifications. The recruitment and selection team anticipated that 70% (equivalent to 1481) applicants would pass the initial application screen. Nonetheless, it was only 56% (505) of the applicants, who qualified in proceeding to the next phase. The second stage involved completing a pedagogical knowledge assessment. The team had anticipated that 90% (1333) of the candidates who proceeded from the 1 st phase should qualify for scheduling in completing a pedagogical content knowledge assessment. Out of the 1333 anticipated for schedule of the pedagogical assessment, it was1200 candidates, which represent 90% of the candidates anticipated in completing the pedagogical assessment, were scheduled. However, it was only 83% (356) of the 505 anticipated candidates, who were able to complete the pedagogical assessment. The recruitment and selection team anticipated that out of the 356 candidates who qualify in complet