ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Obesity has increased in prevalence and severity over the last few decades. In the US, an estimated 99 million people are obese, which constitutes about 42% of the total adult population (US Centres for Disease Control, 2020). Despite the high and rising prevalence of this health condition, the society has not acknowledged it as an epidemic, and blames the victim for overeating and failure to exercise. However, obesity is both a personal and social problem, and requires a concerted effort to reverse its current trend. My research on obesity convinced me that preventing obesity goes beyond personal responsibility. Such efforts should include societal initiatives such as promotion of healthy living habits, educating the population on the dangers of obesity, and addressing the systemic constructs that drive people to this condition (Lee, 2016). I learned that placing responsibility on the victims exacerbates the problem, and leads to additional negative outcomes. In contrast, societal involvement in prevention and rehabilitation of obese residents could produce the much needed long-term solution to the condition. My food journal revealed that I have a strong preference for snacks. These snacks have high-energy and high-sugar density, and a large proportion of saturated fats. In the absence of an intense exercise regimen, I am at risk of becoming obese. Consequently, I have decided to reduce the number and size of snacks taken per day. In addition, I have decided to increase my physical exercises to burn the extra calories. These measures will reduce my risk of developing obesity. Obesity is a dangerous condition that predisposes individuals to other diseases. The principal responsibility for stemming the condition lies with the individual, but societal interventions are needed to achieve long-term solutions. Engaging in blame game puts the victim at risk and fails to address the systemic problems that result in obesity. These measures will reduce the prevalence of obesity across all age groups and ensure maintenance of healthy lifestyles.
Primary problems Facebook had to undergo a long and challenging path before accomplishing its current condition. Since its launching in 2004, Facebook faced three primary problems of privacy, competition, and globalization and spreading in different countries worldwide. The problem of privacy accompanied Facebook since its launching. Initially, college students comprised the majority of Facebook users. They shared details of their everyday life via the network including information or photos about parties or drinking alcohol. In 2005, there was a wave of fear that job seekers, as well as college admission officers, used students’ profiles to find the most appropriate candidates. In 2006, Facebook introduced “News Feed”. It commenced the second wave of indignation concerning the privacy. Users did not like the idea of immediate sharing of their posts with others. In 2008, the application Beacon connected users’ profile data with other 44 sites without their consent. Such an action led to numerous negatives comments about Facebook. Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, faced a problem of staying competitive on the early stages of network’s development. Thus, MySpace was the primary competitor of Facebook. Friendster and Orkut were other two significant social networks with a substantial number of active users. Facebook experienced the third problem of the internationalization and globalization. Mark Zuckerberg faced the challenge to spread the social network throughout the world as far as it was already dominant in the United States of America. However, the globalization became rather a challenge and even failed in some countries. The first aspect of the problem was that Facebook had to compete with already existing dominant sites in different countries. Second, such countries as China and Vietnam banned Facebook at all. Insights and potential decisions The primary insight from the case study concerning the problem of privacy refers to the fact that Facebook always has taken into consideration the desires of the target audience. For instance, when the dissatisfaction about “News Feed” arose, “Facebook introduced modifications to News Feed and Mini Feed that gave them more control over what would go into feeds and who would be allowed to see them” (“Facebook 2012” 4). The insight from the second problem is about the necessity to find all possible variants to stay competitive in the market. Finally, the globalization is essential for the efficient expansion of the social network. Facebook chose the most appropriate decision for the first problem. It modified the social network to satisfy consumers’ needs. In the second case, Facebook had to find support from other organization to continue its growth. In the third case, the effective globalization could be achieved with the help of the profound analysis of the new market and choosing the most appropriate strategy for the presentation of the social network. Potential courses of action Facebook had to follow users’ comments concerning privacy. However, the social network managed to alter users’ per
Executive Summary Tim Hortons is a Canadian restaurant that has recorded a very high level of performance over the past years. The company is widely known for their quality product that has attracted a large number of customers from all over the world. The company is widely known for its coffee and doughnuts. It has more than 3000 stores across the nation. The company was founded in 1964 by Tim Horton who was a hockey player. This study examines the strategic management process employed in the company. This analysis begins by outlining the role of marketing in the company. The marketing tactics adapted by the company are given and their merits are outlined. The role and process of strategic marketing in Tim Hortons Tim Horton is one of the companies that have managed to develop the most successful marketing strategy. Marketing plan forms one of the most important parts in the overall business plans in Tim Hortons. The organization has integrated its marketing plans with its strategies, mission, and vision. By so doing, the organisation has managed to maintain a high level of performance. Marketing is a very important element in any organization. It is therefore necessary to have a clearly designed marketing plan or strategy in order to have a successful organization. In marketing of existing products, it is necessary to understand the customer’s needs. This understanding will act as guidance in molding the product and service to maximize customer satisfaction The success by Tim Horton’s restaurants can be attributed to its strategic marketing plans. The company has managed to improve the quality of its brand through marketing. The fast food industry has recently recorded a tremendous growth by marketing the product across the media. Marketing has a significant role in determining an organization’s competitive advantage. Tim Hortons has managed to attract a large number of customers through its unique marketing plans. For instance, it has managed to increase the quality of its brand across the world, the fact that has sigjnificantly contributed to its success. It also helps in corporate positioning. At Tim Hortons, the strategic marketing are developed and implemented by the Chief marketing officers. They play a significant role in the entire implementation process. Links between strategic marketing strategy and corporate Strategy of Tim Hortons The Company has managed to align its marketing plans with its mission and vision. The company’s vision is to be the quality leader in everything they do (Tim Horton 2011). By aligning its marketing plan with its mission, the organisation has managed to maintain a high level of customer satisfaction. This has significantly contributed to the performance of the organization. The company’s mission is to deliver quality products and services to their guests and communiti
Social scientists normally have the challenge of developing and implementing correct experiments. Therefore, meta-analysis provides a quantitative tool that they can use in analyzing information derived from various studies. This method is usually applied in medicine and psychology to avoid intricate studies that may demand a lot of time. Small sample sizes are usually used in social studies. Hence, any statics applied in the studies normally have outcomes with several errors. This can cause a major difficulty during interpretation of data and making conclusions, since it might mask correlations or other trends. “Meta-analysis can be defined as the process of drawing from a larger body of research, and using powerful statistical analyses on the conglomerated data” (Burns & Grove, 2009). Meta-analysis can generate realistic and usable information because it provides a big sample population. It is advantageous to apply meta-analysis in research because of the following reasons. First, it reduces the span and complexity of research, hence, making it less expensive. Secondly, in rare medical cases it enables researchers to gather information from different settings. The introduction of data base programs, have simplified the use of meta-analysis since experts conducting studies in parallel can now key in their findings and access the information. This makes it possible for researchers to conduct proper assessments, and it also reduces the possibilities of duplicating research. This is because computer records enable researchers to know current results and latest directions. Meta-analysis is also more precise compared to literature review technique, which is dependent on a researcher’s interpretation. In addition to these, “meta-analysis is excellent for highlighting correlations and links between studies that may not be readily apparent as well as ensuring that the compiler does not subconsciously infer correlations that do not exist” (Burns & Grove, 2009). Nonetheless, there are chances that skewed data may arise if the researcher is not careful. A researcher should also ensure that the entire research process is quantitative and not qualitative. Apart from this, he should also be able to compare data from different research
High satisfaction leads to high customer loyalty, and every organization that wants to be successful should acknowledge this. Loyalty programs allow retaining customers. However, to be efficient, they should address the multiple needs of consumers and create various benefits for them. I agree with Jacqueline that a successful loyalty program always adds value to the primary business of the company and is consistent with its brand and vision. Nevertheless, I consider that loyalty programs should be primarily customer-oriented. According to Cai (2009), customer focus is a “starting point of any quality initiative” and an integral part of strategic management (p. 370). Consumers’ preferences are continuously changing, and managers thus need to evaluate the shifts in customer expectations regularly and align business operations, strategic goals, and loyalty programs with the identified changes. Not only allows the given approach to ensure customer retaining but also generates competitive advantages for the business. By seeking feedback through continual customer communication, companies can obtain an opportunity to sustain good relationships with them and consequently achieve their loyalty. Costa may serve as an example of a company with an excellent loyalty program in the coffee shop industry. For raising its competitiveness, the company introduced pre-pay, loyalty, and discount cards that encourage customers to make more purchases and serve as the mechanism for customer bonding. Costa also offers a diverse range of products targeting a wider number of customers with different dietary preferences. For instance, it offers de-caffeine drinks and low-fat products to meet the needs of and attract health-conscious consumers. Moreover, coffee Costa stores are usually located in convenient locations, and this factor may be considered vital in both attraction of customers and the level of their satisfaction. Reference Cai, S. (2009). The importance of customer focus for organizational performance: A study of Chinese companies. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management , 26 (4), 369-379.
Introduction Human beings represent the most evolved primates and their brains are the most developed among the mammals of the order Primate. Through millenniums of evolution, human beings have developed complex cultures and behavioral traits that characterize humans. However, primatologists have suggested that characteristics of human nature might not be limited to humans and primates such as the chimpanzee might share some of these features. Chimpanzees are unique among the primate group since they are man’s closest living relatives. Anthropologists believe that by studying these primates, we can gain insight into human behavior. Renowned primatologists such as Frans de Waal declare that the behavior of chimpanzees can provide important clues about human nature. With this in mind, this paper will engage in an in-depth analysis of what we can learn about human nature from our relatives, the chimpanzees. Lessons from Chimpanzees
Introduction cases against teachers are on the rise and therefore the school board should come up with better rules that govern the student’s teacher relationship. The students should also be enlightened on their rights against the teachers. Felony charges: A substitute teacher in Norwich was arrested four years ago for allegedly showing the student pornography on a classroom computer. She pleaded guilty to displaying misconduct and was supposed to pay a fine of $100 and surrender her teaching license. The superior court judge withdrew the charges that she had endangered her students by intentionally displaying porn on her computer. Computer forensic expertise brought to the attention spyware that had infected the teacher’s computer. The earlier judge still holds that she was guilty despite the attack by the pc viruses even though the prosecutor had not taken time to check the hard disk. The computer experts held that the school should be held responsible for not updating the anti-virus system. They also said that the earlier judge’s pronouncement was a result of ignorance and unwillingness to learn the facts about this case. I don’t agree with the ruling as it was unfair to the teacher bearing in mind that the court did not take the imitative of seriously dig into the case as with the technology, brings both positive and negative effects as in the inhibition of the computer by viruses that can bring undesired programmers (Elinor Mills2008). This case cannot be classified as a case of misconduct as it was not intentional for the teacher to show the students pornography. In a recent case, two teachers in North Highlands were arrested in a case of inappropriate behavior with female students. Sacramento County Sheriff’s deputies arrested Eric Charles Gladden, 34, and Monica Maldonado Alarcon, 29, both teachers at a nearby high school, on felony and misdemeanor charges. Gladden was arrested on suspicion of 34 counts of distribution of unlawful materials to minors, contributing to the delinquency of minors, child annoyance, and falsifying documents. The charges came from text messages Gladden had allegedly sent to two of his female students, aged bet
Choosing the Topic The topic I have chosen for the final research paper is same-sex marriage. The core reason for selecting this topic is that I find it interesting and, at the same, disputable since it reveals numerous contradictions around it. In addition to this, my choice is predetermined by the current concerns on same-sex marriages as well the biases provoked by the improper attitude to sexual minorities. By unveiling the main problems of this topic, I will leave no one to be indifferent to this topic and provide a solid ground for future research of this issue. What is more important is that the topic will be a real calling for the developing countries that deny the existence of gay communities because they lack the proper marriage education. There are few researches dedicated to the exploration of same-sex marriage as well as to its significance and consequences for contemporary society. Still, there are some who paid attention to this issue. In particular, the emergence of same-sex relations is the sign of the deinstitutionalization of the concept of marriage in society (Cherlin, 2004, p. 849). The changes that occurred at the beginning of the 90s of the past century were predetermined by the changes in social and moral norms. Therefore, the topic has much in store for exploring the changes and their reasons. Controversies Surrounding the Topic The topic provokes numerous controversies over same-sex relations and their influence on society. On the one hand, the legalization of s
The effective implementation of the definite strategy is based on the effective strategic management where such factors as the organizational structure, control systems, and organizational culture are important. The management of any company realizes its new strategies with references to these factors, and the level and type of development of the corporate structure, culture, and control systems can influence the strategic implementation significantly. In 2011, Toyota Motor Corporation presented some perspectives and strategies to overcome the difficulties associated with the recall issues of 2010 and the customers’ reaction to the recall. The presented strategies were oriented to winning back the customers’ loyalty. The report’s task is to analyze the possible effectiveness of the developed strategies to overcome the issues with references to Toyota Motor Corporation’s organizational structure, control systems, and organizational culture. The Effectiveness of Strategic Implementation within Toyota Motor Corporation Basing on Organizational Structure, Control Systems, and Organizational Culture The type of the organizational structure depends on the environment within which the company operates. According to Burns and Stalker, there are two types of the organizational structure which are the mechanistic and organic organizational structures (Burns & Stalker, 2009). Toyota Motor Corporation takes one of the leading positions within the car industry which is characterized by its stability. It is possible to note that Toyota Motor Corporation’s management is based on the centralized decision-making and standardization as important features to preserve the corporate stability. In spite of the fact managers pay much attention to stimulating the individual’s initiative and effective team work, the decision-making process is standardized and based on the strong hierarchy (Hill & Jones, 2009). Thus, the type of the organizational structure can be discussed as mechanistic. The control system of Toyota Motor Corporation can be discussed as financial management in which managers are more focused on profits than on quality, and the problem is in the fact the quality of the work as well as quality of production decreases in this situation (McNamara, n.d.). The extreme focus on profits was determined as on the problems facing the company’s management in 2010 (Shirouzu, 2010). The organizational culture of any company is complex, and it is based on the values, attitudes, and beliefs shared by the leaders, managers, and employees of the company in relation to the organization’s mission, goals, and the ways to reach them. According to Tharp, the organizational culture can be ‘control’, ‘create’, ‘collaborate’, or ‘compete’ (Tharp, 2009). The organizational culture of Toyota Motor Corporation can be analyzed
A state of matter is a condition in which any matter may exist. In the field of physics, there are four fundamental states of matter that have been analyzed for years, including solid, liquid, plasma, and gas (Goodstein, 2014). There are also the states of matter that may exist only in some extreme situations (Fortov, 2016). Each of them has its own properties and characteristics. In this paper, gas is the state of matter for analysis. Its peculiar feature is a vast separation of particles. Still, the list of its properties is huge, and many researchers continue making their contributions to the fields of chemistry, physics, and other natural sciences and explaining how to investigate this state of matter. Hu and Dai (2015) introduced an article “A new equation of state for studying the thermodynamic properties of real gases” where they used the compressibility effects of gases in order to develop and validate a new equation of state. The researchers made a decision to investigate the thermodynamic properties of such gases as methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen and proved a good agreement of the gas properties with the reference at the pressure (Hu & Dai, 2015). The chosen article is interesting and informative for different readers due to the possibility to combine past and present studies, use the state of matter laws, and check the interaction of molecules of several gases. The benefits, shortages, and further implications of the article will be discussed in this paper. Strengths The structure of the article is one of its strongest aspects. The authors aimed not only at developing a new formula and explaining its importance in the fields of physics or chemistry but also at helping the reader to understand why this new three-parameter cubic equation of state was required. To strengthen the article, a certain attention was paid to the thermodynamic properties of gases and the way of how these properties were discussed in the Ideal Gas Law that was represented through the following formula: pV = RT . To make sure that the formula under discussion was clear to the reader, Hu and Dai (2015) explained each element, including p as pressure, V as molar volume, T as absolute temperature, and R as a universal gas constant. Due to the fact that molecular volume and interactions are not negligible for real gases, the authors used the past investigations of van der Waals and the offered equation of state where the size of molecules was taken into consideration and promoted the creation of such formula: ( p + a/V 2 )*( V – b ) = RT . There are two new parameters, including a – the molecular interactions, and b – the size of molecules (Dahm & Visco, 2015). It seems that the work of this scientist inspired Hu and Dai to make their own contribution to the science fields. The most interesting part of the article began when the authors started discussing the effect of compressibility on gases and the level of pressure that may be used. It was proved that the volume correction could