ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the context of present-day developments, the significance of different kinds of media worldwide cannot be underestimated. It has a considerable impact on the decision-making of customers, so companies are extremely interested in addressing their individual requests and problems. It has become a common sight that global companies launch different products and advertising campaigns in different parts of the world in order to respond to their specific interests, which are formed by cultural specialties. For instance, in Korea, people admire pale skin, and for this reason, in this region, cosmetics producers do not promote self-tanning lotions. A small number of Koreans are likely to purchase it, as this product does not match their cultural values. Considering cultural background and its particular features, companies are capable of launching successful advertising campaigns and creating the most relevant products. Therefore, the research questions on this topic could regard media adjustment to the cultural specialties of different societies and its reflection in advertising campaigns. In addition, the way this aspect shapes and influence the advertising campaign could be explored. The fact that these research questions are extremely relevant in the modern academic field is undeniable. Exploring how cultural background shapes the habits and patterns of clients contribute to elaborating the advertising campaigns, which will address the customer’s interest. As a result, they become beneficial for increasing the amount of media consumption and the profit of a company. For example, a cosmetic brand MAC regularly launches special advertising campaign and line of products devoted to Chinese New Year in this region. This strategy appears to be the outcome of customer’s cultural specialties research, which has a positive impact of media consumption by Chinese and increases sales. For this reason, it is essential to analyze the cultural background and its influence on people’s habits and preferences in order to elaborate the most successful strategies of advertising.
The article under consideration, “Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients,” written by Liu & Lu, aims to review and analyze the studies’ findings and present the patterns of interactions between the immune system and corresponding pathogens. The authors’ conclusions are intended for specialists working on the development of vaccines against COVID-19 as well as any other similar infections. The antibody responses to this virus were confirmed to be complex, and the severity of cases affects treatment outcomes. The study used the reports of other scholars on antibody responses, and their consideration allowed distinguishing specific unique mechanisms of action. Thus, both S and N proteins can be targeted, and IgM and IgG responses are usually revealed at the early stages of the disease progression (Liu & Lu, 2020). In turn, the more complicated the case is, the higher levels of antibodies are detected (Liu & Lu, 2020). Meanwhile, the long-lasting response of this infection was not confirmed, whereas immune protection ensured by the development of vaccines is still applicable (Liu & Lu, 2020). Therefore, the researchers proved the feasibility of elaborating preventing measures while focusing on the described mode of action. The presented information connects to pathophysiology by providing specialists with the basic knowledge of this disease’s course. In other words, the established responses, which can be revealed early, allow for taking timely measures to eliminate patient risks. In this situation, the protective effects of antibodies can be both direct and indirect, and the environmental conditions can be analyzed to show the corre
All art forms respond in some way to the socio-cultural issues surrounding them. It is the application and understanding of socio-cultural issues and methodologies that are crucial to understanding the evolution and development of arts in general, and jazz in particular. This essay will focus on selected methodological issues inherent in jazz research, past and present. Specifically, this essay outlines, concisely, selected methodological issues that deal with: History and evolution, origins, survivals, influences, classifications, and participatory discrepancies. Yurochko, Bob. A Short History of Jazz. Chicago, Illinois. Rowman & Littlefield, 2001. Records the evolution of jazz from West Africa. The author noted that Jazz developed out of performance venues as the picnic grounds, the brothels, and the street. This lineage of public performance means that, from the beginning, jazz professional musical instrument players gained knowledge or skills of playing by first paying attention to other group of actors and then making a reproduction or copy of their resonances, and second by act together or towards others and showing response to the listeners. This text is unique in that Yurochko outlines development of the seventies, eighties, and nineties. He details later styles (Jazz-rock, fusion, Latin, Brazilian), young masters (Hollyday, Jordan, etc.), and erstwhile folks. The book is summarizing. Contains a glossary, bibliography, discography, videography, and study guides. Waters, Keith and Martin, Henry. Jazz: the first 100 years.Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning, 2005. The writers in their book presented a fresh overview of the history of jazz and focused greater attention on jazz since 1970. They further stimulate fresh thinking about the jazz canon, in addition to the books primary concern, they also noted the development of jazz and its most important artists and the relationship of jazz music to relevant aspects of social and intellectual history, including the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s and black activism in the 1960s. Finally, the authors included the most up-to-date information possible, taking advantage of the fine scholarly work on jazz that has appeared during the past several years. This book fully addressed the issues of jazz by raising some significant issues. McCray, Jack. Charleston Jazz. Images of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2007. The author presented the fundamental sets of reading on the history of jazz studies. He further unde
Culture dictates the way people live their lives. Social values and the moral compass of a people are deeply rooted in culture. It is the prism one uses to understand the outside world. Unfortunately, each individual is biased towards his or her own culture. This may stem from ethnocentrism , the belief that one’s culture is superior to others and hence an individual may insist that everyone must adhere to the social values that emanate from this culture because it is the right way to live. In extreme cases, those who see themselves as guardians of certain cultural or religious values will not hesitate to dominate or harm others simply because they need to uphold what they believe is tantamount to law. Thus, breaking the law requires punishment. In Afghanistan, there is a group of people with a unique culture – different from what most Westerners are accustomed to – and they are popular the world over as the Taliban. There are many aspects of the culture of the Taliban that are fascinating and repulsive at the same time. But what is arguably the most intriguing is the way this society treats their women. First of all, Taliban women are not considered as co-equals with men in the Taliban world. According to the official website of the U.S. Department of State, one of the most uncanny aspects of their culture relating to women is the one concerning rules on how women can travel or move around town (U.S.gov, 2009). If a woman is married she can only leave her house with her husband. If she is not married she must have the permission of her father to leave the house and she can only do this if she is accompanied by her father, brother, or a male relative. If she is married and her husband is not home she can only be mobile if she is accompanied by a male relative. It is not difficult to understand that the Taliban has good intentions. They are trying to create an environment of purity where women do not have loose morals and having petty relationships with the opposite sex. It is also easy to understand the negative impact of being a single mother, divorce due to infidelity, sexually transmitted disease, date rape, and other problems that can be associated when women are allowed to mingle freely in the public spheres. Certainly, there is a higher probability that these problems will occur if women have the freedom to do such things but it can be also argued that even if women are free it does not mean that they will automatically succumb to these temptations. The Taliban, it seems is trying to create an environment where these problems cannot occur. Aside from the inability of women to travel away from home without a male relative escort another Taliban peculiarity is the use of the burqa this is a way of dressing where women are covered from head to ankle with clothing (Gohari, 2000). This can be traced to an ancient tradition called hejab the Arabic term that means body covering (Skaine, 2002). In a hot climate like Afghanistan, this thing can be a source of great inconvenience but the l
Introduction The behavior of characters in an epic such as Beowulf typically makes a clear distinction between the concepts of barbarism and civility that is as applicable today as it was when the epic poem was first recited. Of the characters in this epic, both Beowulf and King Hrothgar are seen as examples of civility and right behavior – one as civility becoming and one as civility incarnate. Although Hrothgar is a very static character within the epic, and he is not as physically strong as Beowulf in a society that greatly prizes strength and physical power, Hrothgar is nevertheless seen as a model figure for man, whether in 1000 AD or 2008. The brief basic description of the story To begin with, Hrothgar demonstrates devotion to the old heroic code of the Germanic tribes. This code placed a lot of value on things like strength and loyalty in warriors, hospitality and political skill in leaders, the presentable nature of women and the good reputation of the people everyone associates with. These remain important elements in maintaining a good name and honorable character today. In describing how he worked to save Beowulf’s father’s good name, Hrothgar t
The essay is a critical examination of the impacts of globalization on national sovereignty. To adequately address this issue the concept of sovereignty is defined, an illustration of how globalization impacts on sovereignty is brought to light and finally the major drivers of globalization as well as their effects on national sovereignty are well tackled to give readers more insight. The concept of sovereignty is usually seen in a three-fold perspective and include; “absolute supremacy over internal affairs within a country’s territory, absolute right to govern its citizen as well as freedom from any external interference in the previously mentioned matters” Sassen, (1996); a country or state is deemed to be sovereign and autonomous when it is considered to have the capability of making and implementing laws within its jurisdiction as well as carry on its functions, duties and responsibilities with no external powers or aid. Similarly, it does not acknowledge any higher power or authority above itself. A state can thus be sovereign or not on the basis of the definition provided. On the other hand globalization refer to free movement of people, goods and services and capital between and among countries made possible by the advent in technology information. As a result the world has no doubt turned into a global village fashioned by interconnectedness and interdependence. The major drivers of globalization include improved transportation and communication systems. With this people can travel within days from their own countries to others thousands of miles away. This is attributed to technological improvements. Additionally, the desire of nations to enhance foreign direct investment by lowering issues relating to permits and tariffs has encouraged globalization. Similarly the need to join hands in the desire of nations to be stronger in terms of fighting for better economic, political as well as environmental stability has also encouraged globalization. In the past, countries especially from the west and Middle East had very little in common concerning economic interdependence. However, the recent changes have seen to it a country like China being compelled to mend her relation with the western counterparts and vice versa. To be in a position to sell their goods and services, the relationship is vital which has a greater probability of making sovereign states to compromise one of the attributes of autonomy/sovereignty. This idea contravenes the concept in which countries opt to operate and carryout their affairs without external influence (Wang, 2004). Another attribute that comes with sovereignty as suggested by Yip, 2003 is the country’s ability to fully protect her su
Healthcare has reached a very high level of development around the world and in the Unites States, in particular. The quality of medical treatment has improved significantly, as evident in the advances in the stem cell research, human genome, targeted cancer therapies, laparoscopic surgery of minimal invasion, and lots of others. However, while the treatment procedures have improved, a lot of other ingredients of a positive experience, such as the service provision, customer education, record upkeep, staff and interprofessional communication, remain severely ineffective, inefficient, and unintuitive, especially when compared to the advances of other customer-oriented industries in these areas. For this paper, an interview was conducted with Chris Strahan, a member of Harnett County Public Health IT Department. He provided insight on the process of integration of new technologies that had been selected for his institution, what was the difficulties that were faced when implementing them, and talked about his involvement with the process. Strahan discussed his experiences with an application called PDQ, which allowed them to transfer software to their workers remotely. The software was easily installed on a server and they had it integrated into their active directory. This, in turn allowed them to push whatever software they needed on a worker’s computer. According to Strahan: “It was an easy install and an easy tie in to our network” (personal communication, July 22, 2016). As part of the interview, he was asked how the process occurred, and what happened. Strahan explained that the decision to purchase PDQ came from the need to update specific pieces of software, or remotely update the software on their employee’s software in a more efficient manner. Visiting each workstation was time consuming and not productive. They began researching ways in which they could “push” the software out to their workers from a server. Several products were available, but after researching costs, features and compatibility, PDQ became our choice of software. Considering the often recognized difficulties of integrating such systems into the workflow, a part of the interview attempted to determine whether the interviewee would be willing to undergo this process of innovation again. Chris indeed confirmed that in this case the experience had been worthwhile, and that PDQ has been a great choice of software for his company’s needs. He does note that the initial process of software integration and learning how to use it had presented difficulties. In particular, they did not know how to use some of the custom software packages that came with the system in order for PDQ to successfully deploy, but it was “a minor hiccup at best”, and once they got a handle of it, the problems seized (C. Strahan, personal communication, July 22, 2016). The interview shows that while technical innovation has the potential to improve the workflow of a healthcare business. However, the intervie
In recent years, the speed of globalization has increased rapidly with the merging of economies, the popularization of Internet technologies, and the spread of a more unified global culture. Globalization has made a crucial impact on multinational enterprises (MNEs) by increasing the level of mobility of businesses and enlarging the amount of information spread around the world (Rugman 2005). Globalization has also made it possible for MNEs to employ people all over the world, offering them almost equal opportunities and preserving the stability of human capital on the same level (Dabic, Gonza´lez-Loureiro & Harvey 2013). However, it is necessary to understand that MNEs themselves have also served as a catalyst for globalization by implementing international production and distribution (Viswanathan & Dickson 1992). Therefore, MNEs could not ignore the opportunity to turn the process of globalization into a marketing tool (Grewal et al., 2013). Corporations were able to place their enterprises in those countries that they found most suitable and still sell their goods all over the world. Multiple representatives of the same MNE can now be located in different parts of the world, giving each one the chance to analyze the local market and adjust products and services accordingly (Rugman & Collinson 2009). MNEs have to deal with multiple issues to achieve success in the global market. First of all, the economic part of the business must be an issue of analysis. It is crucial for the MNE to determine the correct market need and the potential for success in a specific country or region. In other words, it is important to find a real answer to the question: who will buy this product in this country? (Rugman, Oh & Lim 2011) Apart from economic rates, political and legislative issues must also be considered because they will affect the MNE’s capability of entering the market. Political crises or fraud can become real obstacles for MNEs (Rugman & Collinson 2009
Introduction The demand for petroleum products coupled with campaigns against global warming has resulted in uncertainties regarding the future of fossil fuels as a key source of energy. Energy companies continue to offer diverse opinions concerning the outlook of fossil fuels. While some firms argue that its demand will peak by the early 2020s, others see the possibility of it going up to 2040. Hence, while referring to technological phases presented in Gartner’s hype cycle, it is crucial to evaluate an article by Sarah Kent that was featured in the Wall Street Journal . As this paper finds out, understanding the prospect of oil as a source of energy will benefit both investors and petroleum companies. The Significance of this Information to Energy Companies Gartner established the hype cycle to assist organizations to evaluate the potential of novel technologies. Nonetheless, this model can also be used to predict the future performance of specific products or services (Kent). It outlines five phases through which a particular technology or product goes. These stages include trigger, peak, disillusionment, enlightenment, and the plateau of productivity. Based on Gartner’s hype cycle, oil is in the inflated expectations or the peak stage. Many companies have invested in the oil sector with the primary goal of exploiting this resource before it is depleted (Kent). Hence, being up to date with the news regarding the future of oil is valuable to energy companies. Hyped media coverage, supplier explosion, and negative press characterize the peak phase. Hence, it is important for energy companies to be aware of the life cycle of their products as presented in the new
Criminal justice system entails regulating peoples’ conduct with the intend of protecting the society and individuals. It includes all the regulations, measures and institutions of the justice system. All the parties involved in the justice system are under obligation to apply evenhandedness and equality while enforcing law. Unless the country in question is authoritarian such that justice is only applied to the benefit of people who command authority in that country, observing fairness is vital because it can be used to access support from the public. According to Mark (2004), the criminal justice system is intended to regulate crime by arresting, prosecuting, convicting and punishing people who break the law. The major challenge of criminal justice system is that it must be carried out within the set processes that dictate how system agencies should use to attain the objectives of the criminal justice system without violating individual rights. Enforcing law on law breakers is very important because it reduces the recurrence of the same kind of an offence. There are several ways that can be used to avoid the occurrence of crime. New technologies have emerged to help us avoid the occurrence of crime by collecting evidence of guilt. According to Sharkey (2005), x-ray technology can be integrated into the security systems of an airport to screen passengers to check if they are carrying any weapons and drugs. This technology was found to be very effective but most passengers felt very uncomfortable when being screened because they knew the monitoring officer of screening was viewing their naked body. People can help in reducing the occurrence of crime by observing simple safety measures such as not walking into lonely areas alone and ensuring they lock the doors of their homes and cars. Crime can be avoided through cooperation of justice systems and the society at large. This does not mean that citizens can also enforce law by taking the law into their own hands; that is the obligation of justice officers. The criminal justice system is made up of three divisions namely: police, courts, and corrections. The police act as vectors of movement through which information and people are brought on board the justice system. The police make arrests and collect evidence which is then forwarded to the courts for prosecution and judgment. In most situations the success of a case relies on the accuracy of the police in collecting evidence. The efficiency of police in maintaining law and order have been hampered by their limited possessions. There are other factors that determine how the police issues related to crime. They include political beliefs, public demands and community context. Hess (2008) argues that the continuous police presence in res