ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Camels are large even-toed ungulates common in Africa and Central Asia. Camels are represented by two distinctive species – dromedaries and Bactrian camels, which differ significantly in size, constitution, and physical characteristics. Because of their unparalleled suitability for the hot and extremely dry environmental conditions, camels have long been a preferred domesticated animals in many regions of the world. This popularity has led to their integration into the culture of several countries that is noticeable to this day as well as to some environmental effects, such as the uncontrolled growth of the Australian feral population, which remains an issue despite the costly measures. Anatomy As of today, two species of camels are known to scientists: the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) and the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Both derive from the same ancestor, Procamelus, which lived during upper Miocene and lower Pliocene (Singh 334). Bactrian Camel Bactrian camels are larger and heavier species, weighing 600 to 750 kg., with some specimen exceeding 1000 kg. It is only marginally higher than the dromedary, reaching up to 230 cm in shoulder height. The Bactrian camel is also visually more long-haired, with hairs on the mane reaching 25 cm. in length. However, the most distinctive feature is the two humps in comparison to the one hump of dromedary camel. They consist of the fatty tissue which is used to accumulate energy (Stoker 579). The mechanism of storing energy in fat is common throughout the animal kingdom but unlike the rest of mammals, who usually have fat distributed all over their bodies, the localization of fat helps decrease insulation that makes camels more suitable for hot environments. Dromedary The dromedary is much lighter species. It usually ranges from 300 to 600 kg. in weight with females being usually smaller than males, but because of its longer limbs, it is only slightly shorter than the Bactrian camel, reaching 1.9 meters in height. It is also more short-haired, does not have a prominent beard or mane, and is visually more lightly-built. Finally, it has one hump, which is much bigger and taller than that of Bactrian camel. Both species are well adapted to the extreme desert conditions. Aside from the humps which are used to store calories and metabolize them when needed, the internal organs of camels are very efficient at conserving water. The kidneys preserve water from being wasted during urination, so the camel’s urine is thicker than that of other species, and its feces are dry enough to be used for burning at once (Feldhamer et al. 210)
Western Europe Western Europe is a centre of recruiting terrorists from the Muslim World. However, little attention is being given to this region as far as the fight against terrorism is concerned. For instance, the United States has concentrated its focus mostly on Iraq and the Middle East crisis. The European countries seemed to have failed “to assimilate their large and growing Muslim populations in the era of globalization” (Pincus, 2005). However, the main problem seems to be arising from the Middle East. From the CIA reports, it is believed that “there are 10 million Muslims… that are not integrated into their societies” (Pincus, 2005). Terrorism in Finland The terrorist activity of 11 th September 2001 brought a new dawn to the world on the extent terrorism had grown and its devastating effects. The occurrence “became a watershed in international relations and initiated new thinking on security issues” (‘Terrorism and Finland’, 2004). The bombing of Madrid in 2004, for example made terrorism a real threat to the entire European Union. Bearing in mind that that terrorism is a global challenge, “it requires international co-operation” (‘Terrorism and Finland’, 2004). Due to this, Finland also takes part in the fight against terrorism. According to a report on Terrorism and Finland (2004), there is more emphasis and strategies which are currently being put in place to fight the menace. Terrorism in Denmark Denmark is one of the countries in Western Europe being targeted by terrorists. There have been three terrorism incidences in a span of less than two years. The latest terrorism attempt in Denmark was “an alleged bombing plot” (Kulish, 2007) reported in September 2007. As a result, eight suspects were arrested and put under police custody. However, there are still fears of people living in and outside Denmark with the potential to carry out terrorist activities. It became a focal point for alien terrorists from the Islamic world in the new millennium following a heated newspaper report from one of the local dailies with Cartoons of Prophet Muhammad. This drew a lot of attention all over the world. Just like France, Denmark has continued to put up vibrant measures against terrorism. There are proposals that have been submitted to Parliament which aim towards tackling terrorism head-on. According to Olsen (2005), “the proposals are quite far reaching and encompass a range of intrusions into citizen’s digital privacy”. In the proposals, authorities will have to keep vigil of the whole communication network for purposes of intelligence work. Also airline passengers will have to be screened at the point of entry and exit. Terrorism in England England has not been spared either in terrorist attacks. The tragic event happened on 7 th July 2005 after a bus and a series trains operating along London routes were seriously blown over by suicide bombers. More than fifty people died in the incidence (Shorrock, n.d). Some of the measures already taken to curb
Nurses need to recognize that mental and physical health is equally important for patients. However, health education and promotion for emotional well-being are challenging since problems that are not visible or related to pain may be difficult for individuals to comprehend. This paper will discuss the guidelines for screening depression, one of the significant problems associated with the topic of mental health. The explanation of the screening procedures will be followed by an analysis of these directions’ limitations and strengths as well as their contribution to one’s practice. Guidelines Depression is a condition that can affect a person of any gender, age, race, or occupation. Nevertheless, some communities are at a higher risk of emotional health issues due to life experiences and personal problems. For example, women, pregnant women, teenagers, and people of color have higher rates of diagnosed depression (Siu & USPSTF, 2016). Other groups for consideration include unemployed, previously married, and under-educated persons as well as individuals with chronic illnesses and other mental health problems. The mentioned above factors are linked to an increased risk of depression, thus urging clinicians to screen patients from these populations with more attention. Currently, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening all adults and children for depression, regardless of whether any risk factors are present. It is noted that such procedures should be conducted in an appropriate setting – a system that provides further testing and treatment (Schuiling & Likis, 2017). The easiest method is a series of questions about one’s mood, satisfaction, and life goals. Other tools include the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (Siu & USPSTF, 2016). Geriatric patients, children, adolescents, and pregnant women have specific tests. Strengths, Limitations, and Clinical Decision Making The primary advantage of these guidelines is their explanation of why screening may be helpful for all patients regardless of their demographic characteristics and background. Moreover, the USPSTF lists risk factors for adults and children that can help clinicians to assess patients’ mental health and prevent the escalation of depression.
Introduction The book “American Colonies” by Alan Taylor offers an opposing view to the Anglo-centric focal point through explicit review of the numerous cultural influences that created the American colony. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to present explicit summary of the thoughts of Alan Taylor from chapter one to chapter seven in the book “American Colonies”. Chapter 1: Natives This chapter discusses the natives that shaped the culture of the American colony. Taylor identifies American natives as the Indians, Inuit and Aleut who introduced cultures such as anasazi and hohokam that modified the primitive practices into societal activities. Taylor succeeds in identifying migration patterns of different ethnic groups across the American territory before colonial invasion. Taylor traces the migration route in the Paleo and Archaic America as dominated by Indians who used crude weapons and lived in units in the expansive west America region. This society had structured roles for each gender and man had the overall responsibility of family wellbeing. Among the other natives include the Inuit and Aleut. Europeans encountered these groups that had stabilized horticulture, hunting, and family units. Taylor observed that migration negatively affected the pre-Colombian culture since the Hohokam and Anasazi cultures were manipulated by the Europeans. This chapter is successful in placing the migration period among the Native Americans. The author has explicitly related different primitive
Abstract Performance evaluation enables the human resource department to assess the effectiveness of its workforce. The Sheldon Freighters relies on management by objectives as the performance evaluation technique of choice. This technique has enabled line managers and employees at the organization to become more effective in their work. On the other hand, the technique also makes it hard for line managers to compare the performance of two or more employees. This essay has examined the benefits and challenges of this particular method of performance evaluation. The four phases of performance evaluation under management by objectives as practiced at Sheldon Freighters are also discussed in details. In conclusion, the essay gives recommendations on how to improve this technique with the help of an effective method of performance evaluation. Introduction Performance evaluation is the process through which the human resource management of a company measures the effectiveness of their employees in various duties and responsibilities assigned to them. By doing performance evaluation, a company can determine the worthiness of employees and determine the appropriate compensation policy for them. There are various forms of performance evaluation that a company can adopt. Management by Objectives In this form of evaluation, managers of a company sit together with their staff and set specific objectives in agreement that they all desire to attain by the end of a given period. When this period is over, the employees and the manager sit and evaluate their performance for the period (Bohlander & Snell, 2009). In the event that the set goals are attained by the employees, they are then rewarded by their managers. This is the type of employee performance method used by Sheldon Freighters in achieving the strategic goals of the organization. Advantages of using Management by Objectives Technique The advantage of this type of method is that both employees and their managers are able to make out what is required of them. They are in agreement regarding performance indicators and the results expected at the end of the period. The management of the company further becomes highly effective as managers are actively involved in the planning processes with the employees. In this case, they are able to understand the challenges that the employees face, what they are able to deliver and what they cannot (Bennett, Lance & Woehr 2006). Disadvantages of using Management by Objectives Technique There is a tendency to develop an individual rather than a team spirit in their work. This is as a result of allowing employees to have their time with the management in order to be told what is expected of them in the absence of their fellow co-workers. By doing individual assessments, it is quite difficult for the management to evaluate their staff as a team because each employee has different objectives (Bennett
Coca Cola Company Coca Cola Company is the leading beverage firm in the world. This firm has managed to be one of the World’s most profitable companies. Its trademark was officially registered in the United States in 1944. This firm is one of the leading beverage companies in the United Arabs Emirates. Kline (20) reports that the firm has experienced a consistent growth in its market share in the local market. The firm is currently operational in over 200 countries across the world. The brand ‘Coca Cola’ has been rated as one of the best brand in the world. In the year 2008, it was rated the most valuable brand in UAE and the world at large, beating some of the renowned brands like Apple, General Electric, and Amazon.com. The firm has been experiencing consistent growth even in the face of the economic slowdown in most parts of the world. According to Biswas (43), it has been in a position to withstand some of the external challenges posed by various factors in the environment. The vision of this firm is entrenched in satisfaction of customers with innovative products. The firm has also maintained its values in this market by ensuring that all its products are within the industry standards. The Purpose of the Company Coca Cola Company is a leading beverage firm that produces various types of beverage in the market. In order to understand the mission of this firm, the researcher will analyze its objects, which its mission is entrenched. Marketing Objectives For Coca Cola Company, the following are some of the objectives that it may need to achieve in order to maintain its market position.  1. To broaden the scope of the Cola brands. The current brands are broad enough, but given the new competition that is emanating from the fruit juices, the firm must refocus its strategy. The objective of broadening the scope of the Cola brands is aimed at ensuring that this firm would be in a position to introduce new competitive fronts that would counter the effect of new market competition. This would also result in increased profitability.  2. Enhance creativity in the process of serving the customers. The research and development team of Coca Cola Company has always ensured that it provides its customers with new products often enough. However, the rate at which market is experiencing changes demands that this firm becomes more creative. This creativity can be demonstrated in the way of packaging the products. Customers should be made to feel that there are changes happening within the firm, which are geared towards ensuring that the customers are satisfied.  3. Transform the bottling companies into active partners who are able to be the drivers of positive change for this firm. For a long time, the bottling companies have relied on the Coca Cola Company to issue directives and necessary advice in the production process. They have acted as the processing centers, which would not give any advice on the management, production or any other concern to the company. By transforming them into partners, this company will be empowering them to be in a position to develop creative ways of conducting th
Introduction The following essay is analyses the beer industry in the United States. It looks into the beer industry and what can be done to ensure that the beer it develops an appropriate growth mechanism in the light of globalization, integrated technology and strict industry regulations. The analysis looks into the political environmental, social, technological, economical and legal factors that affect the beer industry in the United States. The political/ legal factors In the year 1940’s the prohibition era was over but alcohol did not have wide acceptance among the potential consumers (Lundström 2005). Even after it was made legal by the federal government, the state government perpetuate prohibition by limiting the hours of drinking and distribution systems of beers to make the Americans accept beer as good drink. The political environment includes taxation procedures that are in the country. Currently, the tax is 40% of the retail prices, which is a higher rate of taxation compared with taxation in other countries such as Germany (Lundström 2005). The imported beer sales volume is at par with the locally produced beer in United States (Appendix 1). Regulation of the beer industry has also affected its profit margins due to regulation on advertising, as it is perceived to be deceptive to public on the advantages of drinking beer (Strokes 2010). The economic factors United States of America is the world’s largest economy. It boasts of having the world’s highest gross domestic product as well as highest per capita income of $48,000. The country has a population of approximately 300,000 million people. It is the largest exporter of electronics and technological goods such as computers as well as organic waste (The World Bank 2010). The first economic aspect that has affected the beer industry is the global recession, which has reduced the volume of beer consumption in the country. The other economic factor relates to the increased competition across the globe due to the merger and acquisition of the beer companies resulting to concentration of beer industries (Appendix 3). For instance, the United Distillers, one of the major importers of beer in the United States has acquired more than forty establishments of beer distribution in the United States (Espey 1989). Social cultural factors Americans have a high sense of style and self-importance and everything that helps them to perpetuate this image has a wide acceptance (Strokes 2010). This explains how Heinemann has managed to sell its classic drinks in the United States successfully. In a survey conducted by the institute of beer manufacturers, it showed that sixty percent of those who drink beer are between eighteen and forty five years of age (Appendix 4). It also indicated that beer drinking exists in all social economic classes although it w
Summary The paper explores methods that can be used to improve service delivery in a surgical ward facility through business process re-engineering. In order to understand the best strategies for improving efficiency in surgical wards, a case study was developed as part of the research approach, methodology and design. The study also considered factors that may minimise patient convenience in surgical ward (Khodambashi, 2013). The latter is often caused by unscheduled operations. However, scheduled operations may also lead to patients’ inconvenience especially if carried out in a less proper manner. From the findings, it is possible to identify a number of areas that need improvement in selected wards. For instance, the number of sessions required to operate patients demanded a major improvement. This was replicated across several wards. The operation rooms also lacked adequate preparation before patients could be given attention. Surgical instruments for operations were yet another area that required additional attention. The best management choices for surgical wards were established through the discrete event simulation. At the stage of gathering information, Delphi methodology was employed. It is interesting to note that this was a unique method not available in other sources of literature. This proved the originality of the research study. One of the profound strengths of the methodology adopted in the study was that it offered frameworks to develop standards that could be used in major clinical settings. Recommendations and conclusions Apart from the methods used to undertake the above study, there are still a number of recommendations that can be adopted to improve patient care delivery services in sensitive facilities such as surgical wards. Delivery models for patient care should be diversified as much as possible so that the needs of different patients are addressed substantially. The workforce management practices in healthcare organisations should be examined critically so that the needs of patients are understood. For example, cost reduction measures in surgical wards should be a major consideration for healthcare institutions. If the cost of operation is not affordable for patients, satisfaction in care delivery can hardly be attained. Surgical operations demand a lot of financial spending for both patients and healthcare institutions. Other challenges faced by healthcare institutions include increased patient demand, staff shortages, and increased financial pressure. This explains why providers often find it cumbersome to navigate viable operating models and re-
Abstract Target has a strong position in the US retail market because of its superior quality in product design and elaborate marketing. The company has improved its operations by integrating new marketing ideas, like the new designer line of clothes, into its main operations. Nonetheless, Target has failed to achieve greater expansion to match the operations of its competitors, like Walmart and Kmart. Technological innovation is creating new business opportunities for mass retailers, including online retail practice. The industry rivalry is too intense, leading to reduced revenue margins. Target needs to focus its strategy on cash cow products to increase its revenue base and enhance profitability. SWOT Analysis Strength Target has a strong design quality that has been central to enhancing its growth in the market. This has seen it commit its resources to the sale of merchandise that is both unique and contemporary, thereby being able to attract huge customer demand. The design quality of the firm has seen Target also differentiate the merchandising layout successfully using innovative ideas like low shelves, track lighting, and halogen lighting. Target has equally succeeded in establishing itself as a prestigious company that sells branded goods, such as the selection of expensive designer outfits by Michael Graves, in its stores. Thirdly, Target boasts of an efficient marketing plan that has seen it establish equity and develop experimental marketing efforts that have enhanced its global outlook. Weakness Target has not managed to expand its internal business capacity to match the size of other leading brands of mass retailers, such as Walmart and Kmart. This implies that its revenue base and capacity are relatively curtailed. Opportunities Technological advancem