ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Mistreatment of women has been a problem since time immemorial. White people oppressed black and Chicana women for their skin color, gender, and race. During the second-wave women’s movement, these women were treated differently than white women. Ideally, they got unequal opportunities in work, school, and politics; their role remained largely domestic. In addition, they did not have basic freedoms such as the choice of birth control. Black and Chicana women received unfair treatment as compared to their white counterparts. In the home setting, domestic house chores were their sole role. Other than that, they performed a biological function- sex role to their husbands. The only job they could get was in the kitchen of the white man (Beale 482). The exploitative capitalist system led to black women constituting most of the Black workforce, doing available jobs to provide their families with required basic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter. They would take care of whites’ children at the expense of their children back at home (Beale 483). In addition, white masters physically assaulted the black women at the workplace, often sexually molesting them. The Chicana women experienced undue oppression and discrimination in the twentieth century, too. They faced job inequalities, prejudice in the schooling system, male chauvinism, and controlled family planning (Vidal 484). Consequently, they sought legalization and subsidization of abortion and birth control methods. White masters, however, told them to keep away from women’s liberation movements perceived as ‘Anglo.’ On the other hand, Chicana men refused to support women’s efforts to revolutionize the oppressive system. Chicana women particularly faced a triple form of oppression, which put their freedoms and interests at stake. They encountered racial discrimination since they were of foreign La Raza descent. Being workers, they had poor job conditions at their employment. Vidal (486) asserts that whites used black women for experimentation with contraceptives, as was the case with some Chicana women taking placebo anti-conception pills, thus, ending up pregnant. The second-wave women’s liberation movements also fought forced sterilization imposed on blacks. Whites campaigned against Chicana liberation movements for fear of being overthrown. Phyllis Schlafly was a typical anti-feminist whose most notable work was opposing the Equal Rights Amendment (History). Generally, black and Chicana women faced a lot of discriminat
The article under consideration is the “Impact of Singular Excessive Computer Game and Television Exposure on Sleep Patterns and Memory Performance of School-aged Children” (2007) by Markus Dworak, Thomas Schierl, Thomas Bruns and Heiko Klaus Strüder in Pediatrics, Vol. 120, no 5, pp. 978-985, which dwells upon the influence of television of school-aged children sleep and their memory abilities. Television and computer games have occupied the modern world. The scientists have proved that watching TV is very dangerous. Children are in the group of danger as their mind has been only forming and the effect from television and computer games may be unpredictable as violence is one of the main topics of the television channels. The other effect from watching TV and playing computer games, which was researched, is the disturbance of sleep and memory performance in the school-aged children. Sleep is one of the main reasons for good health and brain work. People must sleep in order to lead normal and adequate life, without any health problems. The article presents the essence, the methods and the results of the experiment which had to show the influence of TV and computer games on German children’s sleep. The experiment took place in Healthy Sleep for Cologne Children study by the support of the Institute of Motor Control and Movement Technique and the Institute of Sports, Media and Communications and performed at the Institute of Motor Control and Movement Technique (German Sport University Cologne). The participants were boys aged from 12 till 14 with good health activities. Only male gender was chosen due to the fact that girls’ menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive could influence sleeping behavior. The participants of the experiment had to play computer games and watch expressive films in the time, most approximate to their every day regime. Before and during their sleep some special experiments were provided in order to measure the sleep ability. The s
This is a research paper of history of film pre 1930. My topic is about the response of critics to the movie “The great train robbery” when it first came out and how it changed over time, how did people respond to it then and over time up to now. Silent era films are films that only contain motion picture without sound. Silent films make up majority of the films made in the years preceding 1930. The use of body expressions in these films acted to cover for the lack of sound. This meant that there had to be a lot of bodily actions in the film. Synchronization of sound films posed a formidable challenge to film makers during that era. The end of silent era films came in the 1920s with the synchronization of sound in films. The first of these was called the jazz singer. It was followed by many other such productions in the 1920s. Film criticism has been seen as a way of assessing the public appeal of a film as well as the artistic merit. Traditionally, the effect of criticism acted only to improve the production of movies and films. In modern times, that has changed effectively. Criticism of movies possesses significant impact on the sale of movies. In the contemporary world, criticism has always been what people rely on when purchasing newly released movies or watching the same in the theatres. Positive film review has been accredited with sparking interest in little known films. Films made before 1930 have not been subjected to the kind of criticism accorded to modern movies. Criticism of movies has evolved through the decades up to today. The review on movies starts prior to the release or even the shooting. In modern times, critics go as far as criticizing the choice of actors in a film. T he Great Train Robbery movie has not been deeply criticized. Criticism did not exist at the time of release of the film. Reviews to the movie industry have, however, been done in relation to the film. These reviews are focused more on the positive side of the movie and to a lesser extent on the negative. In fact, what mostly exist outlines on the movie and not actual the criticism. Modern criticism focuses on the positive and negatives of any particular film. From the little review done, the film can be termed as a great milestone within the film industry. This film saw the application of
Solar and wind power provides unlimited source of renewable energy which when used over along term, play a significant role in energy supply. New York City is one of the leading states with extensive wind power resources and wind farms and significant solar resources. Currently, renewable source of energy provides 6% of total energy used in New York City. The State has committed itself to ensure that by 2013, over 25% of total energy will come from renewable sources of energy. Solar energy has a greater potential to generate electricity for the city of New York and it’s environ. The solar energy technology is available commercially and the buildings offer enough space for solar panels. If fully implemented, solar energy has the capacity to produce over 15,000 MW of power, contributing over 18% of New York City energy requirement. Solar energy requires only a Photovoltaic (PV) Panel, which convert sunlight into electricity. It is estimated that in one year, the amount of solar energy that falls on New York is twice as much as the total energy that the city requires. The cost of installation of solar energy is relatively high compared to other source energy; this contributes to the slow development of solar energy in New York City. The city also has a unique problem when it comes to harnessing of solar energy as it is characterized by tall buildings which require commercial cranes to carry equipment and panel during installation. The need for long cables to supply the power from the panel and the periodical maintenance due to interconnection make the cost of installation and maintenance to be very high compared to other source of energy. Compared to a state like New Jersey, the cost of installation of solar power in New York City is more than 30%. As a result, the city of New York has only been able to install solar panel that produces only 1.1 MW of solar power. For the city of New York to achieve long term benefits from solar energy, a number of strategies have to be developed. One strategy suggested by New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) is the creation of Property Tax Abatement for solar panel installation. In this incentive, 30% of solar installation cost will be covered by NYSEDA in the first three years followed by 20% in the fourth and fifth year. Those New Yorkers who adopt the scheme in the first three years are set to have greater benefits. The federal government through the US Department of Energy (US-DOE) has already awarded funds for solar technical assistance programs. These programmes include studies on the cost effectiveness of solar energy, solution to interconnections issues, study of best sites for solar installation. The finding and recommendations are set to be released this summer for implement
Executive summary Having a strong, cohesive organizational culture is perhaps the most important strategy that an organization can implement to cope with the current aggressive competition, declining economy and ever increasing internal challenges. This report shall set out to elaborate different concepts used to define, explain and justify organizational culture. To this end, an overview of what culture entails shall be provided and benefits that an organization can accrue from adopting a strong culture outlined. Different theories and principles shall be used to recommend the best course of action that can be taken by BSG to address its behavioral and cultural issues. Introduction In today’s business environment, members of any given organization are expected to behave in a manner that enables them to achieve the set organizational goals and objectives. To ensure this is done, rules, regulations and guidelines are designed and implemented to act as a framework through which activities and operations can be carried out. As a result of these frameworks, organizations develop practices, attitudes and norms that define how organizational practices are carried out. These practices, attitudes and norms form the organizational culture. Wilderom et al (2004), state that organizational cultures play a pivotal role in unifying and motivating employees to perform better, and commit to the organization. As such, it can be argued that by having a strong organizational culture, business entities can perform better and more efficiently. Purpose of the report In all organizations, there are internal and external factors that influence the ability of the organizations to perform efficiently. They include but are not limited to: leadership, management and motivational factors among others. Regardless of the category, organizational culture seems to play an integral role in the determination of how members of an organization carry out their duties and responsibilities. In response to these undertones, this report shall set out to define and elaborate various concepts of organizational culture. In addition, the benefits of having an organizational culture shall be discussed and justifications for these benefits provided. Scope of the report De Long (1997) argues that organizations have different organizational cultures. Some may adopt a competitive culture, while others may choose a collaborative culture. It is therefore important to understand the culture that an organization has. This understanding can only be achieved by examining the values, practices and beliefs that are held by the members of the organization. In this report, the cultural and behavioral characteristics of BSG Pty Ltd shall be analyzed. This shall be done by deducing these characteristics from the scenario given and identifying the cultural and behavioral issues that affect the organization’s success. Ba
COVID-19 is arguably the single biggest pandemic in recent human history. McCall (2020) attempts to argue the case for applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to various domains surrounding the identification and prediction of the COVID-19 outbreak. The researcher further outlines several contemporary AI applications and sources of information relative to the previous comparable outbreak. This essay summarily reviews McCall’s perspective on AI application in COVID-19 management, relative to other AI implementation arguments in healthcare. The current COVID-19 outbreak can be compared extensively to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) of 2003. However, the magnitude of infections and mortality rate of COVID-19 severely eclipse that of the SARS despite the epicenter of both outbreaks being China. McCall (2020) contrasts the two diseases and how they spread across continents, use similar mechanisms to infect the cell, and affect animals and humans. However, the researcher also appreciates the significant tactical development in the 17 years between the two diseases in the form of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI is causing a significant paradigm shift in healthcare. This particular assertion is prevalent in the extant literature, including Davenport and Kalakota (2019), Jiang et al. (2017), Maddox et al. (2019), Reddy et al. (2019), and is reiterated by McCall (2020). The researcher outlines that there may be value in applying AI to the current pandemic, especially in mapping the prevalence and predicting the spread of the epidemic to other locations. Contextually, this application of AI is seen in Blue Dot, a Canadian company credited as the first organization to break the news of the pandemic in late December. But the overall question remains as to whether the capability of AI is currently at a point to deliver compelling insight in a timely, widescale fashion. There are several primary factors necessary for an effective public health intervention to a new viral outbreak. These include comprehension of the natural history of infection, risk populations and the causative organism, and the development of preventative and control measures from epidemiological modeling (McCall, 2020). Individuals primarily collect this information at outbreak sites that are virtually connected to WHO and represent a primary source of information for COVID-19. This data can reasonably be used to prime AI to read the eviden
Kitchen Magic Ltd. Situation In 2010, Jeff and Paul who were proprietors of Kitchen Delight bought a 70% stake into their rival company, Kitchen Magic Ltd., to consolidate their market position. Before buying the new company, they had had a long-standing relation where Kitchen Delight used the Kitchen Magic Ltd. warehouse to act as transit points for products during distribution throughout the country. The business of Kitchen Magic Ltd had been declining for the last few years. However, when the Management of the former company approached Jeff and Paul, the deal was too good to ignore. By taking over the company with a controlling stake, they knew that the bulk of the work lied on their part to run around its fortune, thus making it profitable and consequently serving to consolidate the position of Kitchen Delight. Complications Once they took over the company, Jeff and Paul realised that they had inherited more problems than they had thought. Firstly, it had a very poor customer service, poor quality products, and a highly demoralised sales force. Within the first year, they had six of the company’s main clients. It was an awakening point for the two businesspersons who had to take drastic measures to identify ways through which they would save the company and their investment. An external consultant found that the manager of Kitchen Magic Ltd., whom the parties had inherited, was driving the company out of business based on his apparent disability to maintain good lasting relationships with customers, unresponsiveness to market demands and needs, poor stock management, and an inadequately skilled workforce. It was important for change to happen for the sake of the business’ future. Resolution To resolve the problem, the external consultant called for an overhaul of the organisation’s leadership at Kitchen Magic Ltd. and a shift towards a good customer care, responsiveness to market demands, and customer satisfaction. Jeff and Paul new that bringing such changes in the way in which the sales force conducted its business and the process of building confidence again on the remaining customers who were also fed up by poor services was going to be a difficult task. With time, their efforts paid off as the company had a drastic turn around. Sales began rising. Besides, customers expressed more satisfaction. Moreover, employees became motivated to do their tasks. Insight and Implications According to Beerel (2009), change in an organisation must be handled with a lot of precaution since there is always resistant from those who want to maintain the status quo. One of the key models of change management is the Lewin’s change management model, which guides the process of change in three key steps, namely unfreeze, alter, and refreeze. This model is very relevant to the above case since the management had to challenge the way things had always been done. The company proved the need for change (unfreeze) and then suggested and implemented change processes and new ways of doing business (change). Now, the business is i
Introduction Androcentrism is putting men at the centre of focus. In such a case, men control all issues concerning decision making in the society (Lorber 13). This notion gives the male gender power while the female gender is not recognized in the society. As such, this paper will discuss the numerous issues that women have faced for many years and it will also discuss the transformations that have taken place over the years for social change. Discussion Androcentrism allows masculinity to be superior in the society. Children are socialized in a way that defines their position in the society. In the society, androcentrism allows misrepresentation of women in many sectors especially in areas of employment and governance issues (Lorber 17). Men are socialized to be leaders and they occupy top position in the society but women are required to support men in their quest for power and leadership. Because of this, women have been discriminated and their views are not represented. In the media and film industry, men are given bigger role, they are the stars and directors in most cases, and the main theme in a movie revolves around men and their ideas. Where women appear in movies, they are represented as sexy or beautiful and because of this, women are
Geological processes result in the formation of solids that have distinct chemical composition and have particular physical properties. These are referred to as minerals. Equally, fossil fuels form one of the most common types of minerals. Fossil fuels are fuels that contain carbon and which were formed over millions of years through decomposition, burial and compression of decaying vegetation on land and aquatic organisms on the sea bed. Fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas are formed through a process that takes millions of years. These fuels are deeply embedded in the natural layers of the earth. Several methods are employed to extract the fossil fuels. The sources of energy fall into two categories majorly renewable sources of energy and non renewable sources of energy. The term renewable implies that the energy source in consideration can be used over a long period of time without necessarily being exhausted while the non renewable sources of energy are limited, that is to say their continued use and dependence over time leads to exhaustion. The decomposition and decay of plant and animal remains trapped beneath the sedimentary rocks forms fossil fuels. The remnants are subjected to chemical and physical changes over a long period of time. Fossil fuel is a composition of hydrocarbon compounds that is formed as a result of the alteration of plant and animal remnants. It follows that the original source of energy was the sun by way of photosynthesis. The major fossil fuels are peat, oil, natural gas and oil (Camp & Daugherty, 2000, p. 349). The type of sediment, particular type of organic matter and the post burial changes that occur determine the type of fossil fuel that is formed. Trees and bushes are the sources of organic matter found on the earth surface. They contain organic matter that tends to remain solid after burial. Remnants accumulate over time in waterlogged areas such as swamps forming peat which is the initial stage in the formation of coal. The bottom most layers are compressed and heated by the overlying layers causing water and gaseous components to escape. Subsequently, the residue formed has a higher concentration of carbon. Minerals are classified into two categories majorly metallic, those minerals that are mined specifically for the metals that can be extracted from them, and non metallic minerals, those that are extracted for their properties as minerals. The formation of a mineral deposit is as a result of one or more processes and this will also dictate the type of mineral found in a particular rock. An insight into the mineral forming process will shed light on the type of mineral formed. The precipitation of hot water solutions forms hydrothermal deposits. Occasionally these solutions are deposited in cracks in rocks and it ends up for