ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This paper attempts to explain the importance of the establishment of a redundant and well-developed IT security system. The application of IT security measures is expected to prevent unauthorized entry and the protection of information related to the company’s financial transactions. However, a comparative study of recent high-profile IT security breaches revealed that cybercriminals had the capability to destroy the firm’s reputation and weaken the business organization’s financial strength without engaging in activities designed to produce a direct profit. In other words, it is time to look beyond the white-collar crime model. Limiting the design of critical security measures in anticipation of white-collar types of cyber-attacks compels IT, security experts, to focus only on preventing financial loss or corporate espionage. It is important to understand that cybercriminals are not always after money or trade secrets. It is crucial to understand the fact that hackers are armed with different ways on how to cripple the business operation or drive the business into bankruptcy. It is not enough to secure the financial aspect of the business, because there are other ways to make a profit through the use of cyber-attacks. A change of mindset regarding the relatively new ways of penetrating the shroud of IT security enables the creation of better security measures. Introduction Corporate leaders around the world appreciate the value of cost-efficient communication and data storage facilities based on Information Technology platforms. Data management and data security are important things to consider in a business organization of the 21 st century. Companies handling critical information are vulnerable in an interconnected world wherein cybercriminals have the capacity to hit targets that are located thousands of miles away. As a result, business organizations are investing in security systems in order to prevent unauthorized access to servers and critical IT-based infrastructure. It is of critical importance to focus on developing a ring of protection around the financial aspects of the business. It is practical to establish redundant security systems around financial transactions, bank accounts, procurement, and delivery systems for valuable products and high-value assets. However, it is not the most prudent thing to do for the business leader to allocate a bulk of the company’s scarce resources for the establishment of IT security measures. A comparative st
Criminal profiling was introduced as an investigative strategy in the United States in 1969. Profiling as a whole is a “set of behavioral indicators forming a very characteristic pattern of actions or emotions that tend to point to a particular condition” (Gil-Patricia et al., n. d). This practice is widely used to identify potential risks of criminal behavior and prevent crime. There are two types of the profiling that are used by professionals: deductive and inductive. Using inductive profiling involves analyzing the available data and identifying patterns of criminal behavior. In particular, professionals investigate the features of similar crimes and identify the characteristics common to the criminals who commit them. For example, using inductive profiling, you can find that serial killers tend to be prone to arson and animal abuse at a young age. Based on this information, professionals can conclude that it is a common characteristic for these criminals and can reveal a predisposition. Thus, inactive profiling is based on the generalization of statistical data and not on the forensic uniqueness of each criminal episode. Inductive profilers rely on the analysis of statistics and finding correlations, which bases their activities on identifying probabilities. With regard to its application to the investigation of criminal cases and their prevention, this method is the easiest to implement. The main approach is to look at the details of similar previous cases and generalize the characteristics of the offender. The absence of the need for extensive knowledge, the focus on data analysis, and research skills make this method the most popular in the practice of profiling. The main challenge in applying this method is to ignore the unique conditions of the cases, which can complicate generalization and lead to erroneous conclusions. Reference Gil-Patricia, F., Nelson, J. R., & Roberts, M. L. (n.d). The perils of profiling. AASA. Web.
Introduction Carroll’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) model categorizes CSR into four distinct levels of economic responsibilities, legal responsibilities, ethical responsibilities and philanthropic responsibilities (Crane and Matten 2007). Economic responsibilities are perceived to be at the center of all other legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities of a business. It is considered that without economic responsibilities, all other types of responsibilities are moot. Legal responsibilities are perceived to be the conformity to societal expectations. Different laws (such as federal laws and state laws) characterize these expectations. Legal responsibility therefore defines a ‘social contract’ between a business and the society. Ethical responsibilities define those activities that are expected or prohibited by members of the society (but not necessarily enshrined in the law) (Crane and Matten 2007). The difference between economic responsibilities, legal responsibilities and ethical responsibilities is that the law may not necessarily govern ethical responsibilities. Mainly, ethical responsibilities refer to societal expectations. Legal and economic responsibilities are governed by the principles of ‘fairness’ and ‘justice’. Philanthropic responsibilities are those actions taken by a business according to the societal expectations of good corporate citizenship among businesses. Philanthropic responsibilities involve actions of welfare intended to promote humanity’s welfare (Crane and Matten
MANAMA: “BAC officially took over the management and operation of the airport, effective from March 1” (“Global Asian Hub in the making”). The Bahrain Airport Company plans to turn the airport into an excellent experience for travelers across the globe. Acquisition process started in July 2009. Objective is “to unify the goals of the Bahrain International Airport entities for the benefit of travelers, stakeholders and staff, in a future-ready facility, which in turn, contributes towards the shared vision of the kingdom of Bahrain” (“Global Asian Hub in the making”). All employees of the previous company, Civil Aviation Affairs, were invited to continue their services under Bahrain Airport Company. The company plans to minimize transition hurdles and offers similar profiles to the shifting employees. Systems and processes will be redesigned by new managerial section. This step will aid development of existing airport. “BAC chief executive Dr Osama Al Ali said a comprehensive action plan has been set for the airport, including modernization and expansion of the airport infrastructure as well as the optimization of operations efficiencies.” (“Global Asian Hub in the making”). Gulf has become the hub of many international activities during last two decades. “Bahrain International Airport is the premier hub airport in the Middle East. Strategically located in the Northern Gulf between the major markets of Saudi Arabia and Iran, the airport has the widest range and highest frequency of regional services with ideal connections to major international destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Far East and Australasia” (Bahrain Intern
Environmental pollution emanating from the disposal of industrial production is a significant threat to the sustenance of life. For instance, according to Ganguly et al. (2017), the Bhopal disaster reveals gaps in industrialization safety measures damaging to society. Toxic contamination made local authorities move industries away from urban centers to limit the catastrophe (kadamsevasamiti, 2010). Thus, crisis managers outline the vital role that public health facilities play in mitigating such situations. The availability of emergency response teams is crucial, and they should possess the required expertise. Crisis preparedness is essential in ensuring prompt response and saving of lives. The action plan on responding to the chemical outbreak is critical and should be implemented strategically. During training, the rescue team should master environmental chemistry, persistence, and rate of diffusion. Secondly, knowing symptoms emanating from the chemical outbreak, will limit the damage during the rescue (Sørensen, 2020). Thirdly, to minimize the risk of exposure, the team needs to understand the injuries. Additionally, the rescue team should know emergency actions to reduce risk on their side and the public. Utilizing protective equipment effectively reduces the chances of being exposed to chemicals substances. Training local team response is an integral ap
Disney animated films attach different accents to different characters. It remains a wonder then whether the use of various accents represents different levels of characters in these films. The question remains as to whether there is a systematic way within which accents are used to come up with different character traits? Given that Disney animated films is an American company, the most common accent that is likely to be used is GA or General American. This accent is likely to be attributed to good characters, on the other hand English with a foreign accent and/ or RP i.e. Received Pronunciation represents the accents that are likely to be attributed to less favorable characters. Other than looking at how accent has been used in Ratatouille to portray different stereotypical kinds of characters, this article will also look at how this compares with Rosina Lippi-Green’s work, “Teaching Children How to Discriminate”. The assumption that social pressures to conform with stipulated modes of behavior, lifestyle and prevailing culture has had its fare share of determining how Disney use accents in its animated films cannot be far from the truth. The issue of ethnicity is reflected by allocating an accent to a character inline with his or her perceived ethnic background. The setting of the movie also d
Introduction This study uses the hypothesis of intended behavior (TPB) to explain why some populace plays the lottery, and it examines how the TPB’s variables and changeable relationships are different due to civilization, or gender, or their interaction. A telephone meeting conducted in English, Cantonese, and Mandarin resulted in information on the lottery play intentions of 208 Chinese/Canadians (97 males, 111 females) and 220 British/Canadians (112 males, 108 females). When the intention to play the lottery was regress on six TPB variables, it was found that: (a) effective attitude was a significant predictor for all four groups, while involved attitude was only significant for British/Canadian males; (b) injunctive standard was an important forecaster only for Chinese/ Canadian males, while the evocative norm was an important forecaster only for British/Canadian males; (c) controllability was a significant forecaster only for Chinese/Canadian females, with an unenthusiastic coefficient suggesting minor manage; and (d) self-efficacy was not a significant predictor for some of the groups. A follow-up mail questionnaire supplied additional information on the self-reported lottery play performance of 100 Chinese/Canadians (51 males, 49 females) and 115 British/Canadians (57 males, 58 females) 30 days after the first telephone meeting was conducted. When lottery play performance went back on self-efficacy, controllability, and intention, the meaning was found to be a significant forecaster for all four groups. These answers are discussed in the glow of new investigate on the TPB, free time and gambling, and civilization and sexual characteristics. Literature Review There is small doubt that gambling usually and playing the lottery especially are extremely popular free-time activities in North America. In the United States, for instance, Welte, Barnes, Wieczorek, Tidwell, and Parker (2002) establish that 82% of Americans reported having gambled in the past 12 months, with the majority prevalent action being playing the lottery (66%). Similarly, Azmier (2001) establish that 72% of Canadians had gambled in the preceding year, with the majority of popul
Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept that aims at promoting the continued commitment of companies to behave ethically and contribute to economic development in a bid to achieve positive social and environmental change. In the contemporary society, most companies have evolved into enormous multi-national organisations that have control over billions of revenue and assets, and thus they contribute greatly to the national economy coupled with wielding substantial power in the community. Thus, corporate social responsibility is an integral management concept of a company that decides to go a further step to contribute towards improving the quality of life of the workforce and the society at large in the future without solely being interested in financial gains, particularly by being interested in charitable accomplishments and environmental stewardship (Kotler & Lee 2007). This goal can be achieved by creating jobs for the communities living near a company and acting appropriately to conserve the environment. Ethical issues that the company has faced Unfortunately, despite some companies having the interests of improving the livelihood of the society, corporate scandals have been on the rise. ABCD group, just like most financial companies around the world, is faced with ethical problems that greatly affect its CSR responsibility, which is to improve the well-being of the society. As the managing director of this financial company suggests, its main obje
From 2000 to 2010, the development of the gas drilling activities of Questar Corporation in the Pinedale Mesa was a matter of debate between environmentalists and representatives of the gas and oil industry in the United States. The problem was in the fact that the environmentalists accentuated the adverse effects of gas drilling on the wildlife in the area. The drilling of many wells in the Pinedale Mesa influenced the life of deer, antelopes, and grouses negatively, leading to the necessity of protecting animals and birds. The authorities launched the limiting rules for drilling activities. On the other hand, the proponents of Questar’s operations focused on the necessity to support the company’s activities because of the obvious economic advantages. The progress of gas drilling could lead to covering the demand for local energy resources and in new jobs for the population. Although the opponents of Questar’s operations pointed at their negative environmental effects, the economic benefits should also be taken into account while discussing the situation, and the detailed analysis of arguments is necessary. Even though many wildlife species cannot be included in lists of endangered animals that need specific protection, they should be highly valued to preserve the ecological balance and biodiversity. Thus, wildlife should be protected to guarantee a balanced ecosystem. The risk of the deer and grouse extinction is high when the gas drilling activities in certain areas are not limited according to the environmental standards. While permitting winter drilling and improving the monitoring activities, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) should have imposed new limiting rules for controlling the winter operations to minimize threats to the wildlife. However, the economic benefits of gas drilling are also significant for not only local communities but also for the state’s economy. The state’s economy needs to decrease the dependence on foreign suppliers of gas while developing the industry in the region. The other benefits include improved employment and increased taxes leading to overall economic growth. The cessation of the gas drilling activities in the Pinedale Mesa can result in dramatic financial consequences. The economic benefits cannot be ignored in discussing the problem. Therefore, Questar should use such technologies and approaches that can contribute to the improvement of operations, increasing productivity, and decreasing the negative environmental effects. To balance the environmental and economic interests, it is important to implement an action plan that could satisfy the needs and expectations of all stakeholders. Questar has significant economic interests in drilling more wells and continuing operations during the winter months. The reason is in decreased operations costs and possibilities to increase profitability. Still, the activities of Questar during the discussed period were more oriented to satisfying their economic needs than following the BLM guidelines because the decline in the number of protected species was observed. In this context, Questar should invest more in the research and continue developing the technolo
Introduction There is always a need for employees to employ different methods of thinking in a contemporary dynamic work environment. Organizations that are faced with the problems of labor shortages should opt for ‘workforce 2020’ to provide them with a frame work to look for the top candidates and not the traditional candidates. The term ‘workforce 2020’ was coined from a report following a research by the Hudson Institute which was sponsored by the US department of labor. According to the report, ‘workforce 2020’ consists of the non-traditional workers who are dynamic and well versed with technology. Non-traditional workers have never been targeted and recruited. The prosperity of various companies is highly dependent on reversing trends of shrinking and limited skilled workforce after the year 2020. The Hudson report recommended that the nation should be in position to fend off the effects of the aging population especially after the retirement of baby boomers. The pace of change toward 2020 is an unprecedented one. ‘Workforce 2020’ can be influenced by the rapid changes in the technological, demographic and organizational structures and cultures. It is argued that in the next decade, several demographic, social and technological changes will alter the way businesses operate all over the world. Analysis of the IBM Company International Business Machines (IBM) is an IT company with operations around the globe. It undertakes global financial services and software. The company has operations in more than 150 countries on the globe and it is headquartered in New York. IBM is the largest technology and consulting firm in the US with an employee base of approximately 427,000 and a revenue base of approximately $100 billion. IBM was established in 1911 and it only has two market competitors; Hewlett Packard and Dell but since the two have invested in personal computers, IBM has an advantage has it has invested in the soft wares and servicing. IBM is fully committed to building a diversified workforce and a broad customer base since it has establishments in over 160 countries. Their diversity encompasses race, gender and physical disabilities. They also factor in matters of culture, lifestyle, religion and age. At IBM, diversity is a fundamental and an imperative necessity in business. To ensure that only qualified, talented and experienced people contribute to the
Introduction Agriculture relies on the immediate environmental factors such as soil, water, and air. Primarily, chemical components of these factors in a given region will affect the kind of agriculture and agricultural input in the region. On the other hand, type of farming practices adopted can also have positive and negative effects on the environment of a region. Poor farming practices, as well as other industrial activities related to food production, often emit harmful substances into the agro-ecosystem, thus affecting agricultural production in the subsequent periods. To ensure sustainable production, there is need to examine this relationship closely and provide appropriate measures that can be used in management of the environment. This paper focuses on proper management of environment as a tool to ensuring continuous production in the agricultural sector. Agriculture is the key source of human food, and the need for food constantly increases with the increasing global population. The adverse effects that poor environmental conditions have on agriculture will have direct negative impacts on the entire world’s population. Thus, analysis of the relationship between agriculture and the environment is of great significance to researchers in the contemporary society. Unlike in the ancient times, the increasing population is exerting much pressure on existing resources. Farming practices that are exploitative and harmful to the environment have been adopted, eventually leading to low agricultural outputs. Moreover, thorough research in the field is necessary to come up with initiatives that can improve the understanding of management of environment for sustainable agricultural production. Literature Review Agriculture is the key source of food for human population. With the increasing world population, there is need to increase agricultural production to ensure food security. However, this poses challenges to the environment and subsequent adverse effects on future production. Thus, proper mechanisms need to be adopted. Relationship between agriculture and the environment has been of interest to many researchers in the recent past. It is evident that continued production in agricultural sector will be determined by the understanding of environmental impacts on the activities by the management of the institutions or organizations concerned. Agriculture involves cultivation of crops and livestock, both of which depend on natural resources (Lichtenberg, 3). It also involves direct extraction of parts of the natural resources, which are components of the ecosystem (e.g. in fishing or hunting). These components (like plants and animal) are renewable; however,