ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Synopsis Carlos Bulosan’s novel America is in the heart is born from the hostile environment to which the writer was exposed, from his childhood years to the time the novel was published. It is his dream of escaping this situation that propelled Carlos into the world of writing. Had it not been for the natural hostility of Carlos’ life, he might just as well have settled for office work and a simple work-life without ever writing a thing. We can therefore say that even though Carlos managed to take control of his environment, he would never have come up with such handy work of writing. The novel America is in the heart functions naturalistically. The question of naturalism or realism may arise, based on the reading perspective of different readers; which is the most appropriate way to regard the novel? The appropriate answer is that Carlos grants the reader the power to make the decision based on any of the liberal views of the novel. However, the realistic aspect is more overt through Carlos’ reasonable relationships, his private struggles, the plausibility of actions in the novel, significance of societal stratification and the overall outcome of the situations that are lying in Carlos’ hands in the long run. Carlos’ society, the inferior character classes, adventures, passions, violence, sex and themes of determination, survival, taboo, violence and environment bring the argument of naturalism forth. Environment, specifically, shapes the entire novel and appears to be the key determinant of Carlos’ final decisions. It is on these aspects and conditions that Carlos makes a final decision and declares that America is actually inside his heart. Main Themes America is in the heart is a story of Carlos Bulosan (Allos) starting from the period when he was a Filipino peasant kid and progress through the period when he was a worker and activist for Filipino workers in America. This is a biography of the hard times that the mistreated and rejected peoples went through. Filipinos were harassed, loathed, and persecuted along the American West coast and given treatment comparable only to that given to monkeys and criminals (Pg. 58). Exploitation, despise, and harassment Filipino workers had no right to possess land to farm and risked being roughed up even for talking to white women. Since they had no legal representation or rights groups, contractors and employers heavily exploited Filipino workers. Japanese and Chinese who owned whorehouses and gambling casinos did not spare them either. This sort of exploitation and harassment drove many Filipino workers to heavy drinking and eventually violence, which only worsened the hatred of the other Filipinos. Carlos gives us an account of how Filipinos suffered brutal tortures under the white lords, diseases, and widespread unemployment. Bulosan was fired several times only for trying to advocate for his people and himself (Pg. 46, 92, 102). Family The first meeting of Bulosan with his brother Leon proved the fact that despite the hardships and distance, the family still exists even when they are miles apart. Filipino families survived the hardships of their environment in America by p
The pros and cons of the FAA Policy on the Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Aircraft Cabin Crewmembers The main issues apparent in the study encompass the challenges faced in the air transport industry. It comprises the roles undertaken by bodies like the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). From the study, it is evident that the FAA is in a continuous process of adopting the policies of OSHA that would extend the operations of OSHA into the cabin of aircraft. According to Salvendy (2012), FAA response emanated from persuasions of several bodies such as the Association of Flight Attendants (AFA) to extend safety standards of OSHA onboard aircraft. Therefore, some policies concerning the safety of airline workers initially absent would be availed by the FAA in its policy that advocates for the incorporation of the policies from OSHA. Notably, the pros that are likely to materialize after implementation of the policy proposed by the FAA include increased safety for the employees and passengers onboard an airline and enhanced service quality. In the policy advanced by FAA, its union with OSHA intends to expand the extent of safety that some aircraft workers like flight attendants enjoy in their workplaces. Some of the provisions promoted by the policies include hazard communication, protection from airborne diseases and pathogens, and protection from risks associated with the structure of an aircraft (Ferguson& Nelson, 2014). Significantly, increased safety of employees in aircraft translates to the high quality of services to passengers and boosts their satisfaction. On the other hand, some of the cons associated with the implementation of the policy include aircrafts subjection to conflicting regulations and challenges relating to their operations. Implementation of the policy can increase instances where the provisions advanced by states and bodies such as FAA, AFA, and OSHA conflict, and thus, subject aircraft to challenges that may eventually affect their daily operations. A comment letter in response to the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Docket ID: FAA-2012-0953 Introduction The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is a body that looks into the affairs of employees working in an aircraft and the passengers on board an airline. Due to the increasing need to minimize risks, FAA has been compelled to draft a proposal that seeks to incorporate the policies advanced by (OSHA) as part of its safety and health measures to airline staff. Conversely, the challenges associated with the adoption of the proposal increased the demand for the development of the present airline Safety Management Measures (SMSs) to minimize air tra
Description of Intestinal Obstruction: Pathophysiology, Etiology & Risk Factors Intestinal obstruction is characterized by a blockage in the intestine. Such blockages subsequently result in solids, gas, and fluid building up in the proximal intestine, causing severe abdominal pain, increased tension in the wall of the intestine, and increased tension in the intestine. This tension can also be accompanied by impairment of the blood supply of the intestine associated with the external pressure and twisting. In nearly 25% of small bowel obstruction, the blood flow is extremely compromised (Ansari & Hofstra, 2017). This type of obstruction is usually linked to intussusception, hernia, and volvulus. It is important to mention that strangulating obstruction of the intestine can develop into further complications such as gangrene or infection in a very short space of time (around six hours). First, venous obstruction takes place and is then followed by arterial occlusion, which subsequently results in the bowel wall ischemia. Perforation and gangrene of the intestine can develop because of the ischemic bowel becoming edematous and later experiencing an infarct (Ansari & Hofstra, 2017). With regards to obstruction of the large-bowel, the process of strangulation rarely occurs, with the exception of volvulus. There are a range of symptoms of intestinal obstruction, depending on the severity of the condition; nausea and vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, severe pain in the abdomen and bloating, cramps, bloating, and swelling are the most common symptoms. In some cases, patients can also experience dehydration, dizziness, and fever when they have experienced intestinal obstruction for a long period of time without treatment. For instance, early stages of the condition are characterized by vomiting while later stages, such as complete obstruction, are accompanied by the patients’ inability to pass stools (constipation) and gas, which can also lead to inflammation and infection if untreated. The etiology of intestinal obstruction includes several causes, the most common of which is the cancer of the colon. Another is intestinal adhesions, which are characterized by bands of fiber-like tissue that can form after a patient has undergone pelvic or abdominal surgery. When it comes to intestinal obstruction among children, the most common reason for the condition’s development is intussusception. Other reasons for the condition can include the presence of other inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g., Crohn’s disease), hernias, volvulus or colon twisting, diverticulitis, as well as impacted feces. If left untreated, intestinal obstruction can lead to m
The attainment of high-quality education remains a primary goal for many students in every part of the world. Unfortunately, mental health is a major challenge that affects learners in universities. One of the conditions affecting these individuals is depression. Since they are usually in a crucial stage in their lives, the onset of this problem makes it impossible for them to lead high-quality lives or pursue their career objectives successfully. This cause and effect examines the nature of this mental health issue, its potential causes, the outstanding impacts, and the best strategies to help the affected individuals. Background Past scholars have focused on the prevalence of various mental challenges among learners in different institutions. A study by Joseph (2019) revealed that the aspects of health among students were poorer in comparison with those of the general public. The percentage of troubled and depressed individuals in institutions of higher learning is around 30.6 percent (Jiang, Li, Chen, & Chen, 2015). However, some universities have more students why affected the most by this problem than others. Individuals in this stage of life have to make timely decisions and pursue their unique goals in life diligently. Different stakeholders take the mental health concerns of these students seriously in order to ensure that they achieve their potential. Causes The causes of depression in this at risk population will differ significantly from one individual to another. However, there are specific attributes or factors that increase the prevalence of this health issue in different universities. Firstly, learners are expected to handle complex academic tasks, engage in class discussions, and complete their assignments in a timely manner. They should follow all academic policies and ensure that their actions are in accordance with the outlined codes of ethics (Jiang et al., 2015). However, these requirements result in tremendous pressures, thereby making it hard for many students to cope. Secondly, cases of discrimination have continued to be reported in different institutions in the United States and across the globe. For instance, Wahed and Hassan (2019) indicate that many students from poor backgrounds or ethnic minorities are viewed as arrogant or incapable of co
Scientific innovation and invention in technology, communication, and transport networks has facilitated integration among countries; one major element of globalisation is international trade. International trade is trade among countries; it operates on two main paradigms, importation and exportation of factors of production and finished commodities. International trade prevails because of economic, resource and wealth differences among countries, which results to comparative and absolute advantage; with international trade, countries stand to benefit (Taylor 78). This report discusses the economic concept of free trade; it will use international policies to explain the advantages likely to be derived from free trade. One advantage and one limitation of International Trade Free trade is attained when countries remove trade and non-trade barriers among themselves and allow free flow of goods and factors of production; government intervention in free trade is minimal. One advantage that countries stand to benefit from international trade is a large market base for raw materials and finished commodities. International trade brings the world into one market thus, traders, suppliers get a place where they can sell their commodities. The increased market and large base of suppliers lead to innovativeness in efficient resource management as companies, countries and firms try to be competitive in international market, the result is a country with well-utilized resources. The world three largest economies, the United States, China and Japan have maintained their leadership because of the benefit they get from international trade; they are net exporters. As countries trade among each other, some stands to lose whereas some gain; one disadvantage that international trade has lead to is dependency among countries, there are some countries that have become net consumers. When a country becomes a net consumer, it means that its local companies cannot produce goods to compete in the international arena they remain sycophants of other countries. Examples of countries that have become net consumers include Zimbabwe and Swaziland. Absolute and comparative advantages of international trade Both absolute and comparative advantages concepts explain why international trade prevail; they support free trade among countries; Absolute advantage Adam smith, an economist in late 18th century and early 19 th century, developed this concept of absolute advantage, the concept behind the theory is that countries should produce what they can effectively and cheaply produce and import those commodities that it has limited capacity to produce effectively. The concept is similar to household resource management; whereby households tend to produce what they can produce more cheaply and opt to buy those that they cannot produce effectively. The concept broadly states that it is rational that if a country can import goods and services more cheaply than it can produce, then there is no point of producing such commodities. It goes further and states that a country should only produce what it can make efficiently then export to
Introduction The growth of the internet has led to a surge in the development of online applications. Twitter and instagram are examples of social media applications that are widely used by internet enthusiasts. Both applications are great tools that have eased communication between people in different parts of the world. They have created a phenomenon that marks a critical period in the evolution of technology. Social networking sites offer opportunities for people to interact and conduct business from different geographical locations in the world. Businesses have taken advantage of both applications to improve their business processes and operations. For instance, they use the applications to advertise their goods and services as well as create strong relationships with customers. Twitter and instagram have attracted many users because they are free to join, easy to use, and very efficient in communication. Advantages and disadvantages of twitter Twitter is a social networking tool that has a large online community that comprises millions of users and visitors. It has advantages and disadvantages that affect its embracement and use among internet enthusiasts. One of the major advantages of twitter is that it is free to join (Fitton 44). This means that an individual is not required to pay a subscription or registration fee (Lipshcultz 34). After joining, it is easy to connect with millions of people in different parts of the globe. The process of registration takes a few minutes because it has few requirements and restrictions. Unlike other social networking websites, twitter’s registration process does not require users to give detailed personal information (Lipshcultz 35). The site is free from advertisements that are usually a common source of distraction. The website’s interface is easy to use and navigate. Therefore, it makes communication easy and enjoyable. For instance, celebrities connect with their fans by posting messages and photographs. A large online community is beneficial to businesses because they can use the application to inform their customers about new products and services, changes in business operations, and upcoming promotions (Lipshcultz 37). This enables businesses to attract new customers and improve their sales. In addition, businesses can also use the platform to conduct market research in order to obtain information that is vital in determining prevailing market forces, demands, and emerging trends (O’Guinn et al. 29). Many people join twitter to socialize with other users. A new user needs only to follow individuals that they are interested in befriending (Fitton 44). Unlike ot
Psychologists have long argued on the complexities of stereotype priming and whether such priming always leads to assimilation or could contrast also develop. This essay focuses on examining this central question by dwelling on the various studies conducted by social scientists which have yielded a variety of results. The essay confirms that stereotype priming leads to assimilation in most cases. Automatic stereotyping can occur directly by perceiving a person executing a certain action. The activation of a mental representation of a social group leads to behaviour corresponding to specific attributes of the stereotype. People may assimilate their attitudes to those of the primed category even when the shift is in a direction that is not personally or socially desirable. Other researchers have studied the effects of priming racial stereotypes (negative stereotypes) in individuals who did not belong to the stereotyped groups. The studies proved that such priming reinforced assimilation and resulted in a negative outcome for the individuals. Negative stereotype priming however has been used by many countries to enhance the self-esteem of their ‘in-group’ or to justify their actions. However, not all stereotype priming leads to assimilation. Numerous studies have pointed out that priming, under differing circumstances can produce contrast or sometimes both. Theorists have held that while assimilation occurs almost by default, contrast requires certain other inputs to crystallize. These other factors could be by having exemplar priming or by self-activation. The essay concludes by stating that the last word on stereotype priming has not been written and that researchers will continue to discover new angles to the complex working of the human mind and human behaviour. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary (2009) holds that a stereotype is “something conforming to a fixed or general pattern; especially: a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment”. Priming refers to the incidental activation of knowledge structures, such as trait concepts and stereotypes, by the current situational context (Bargh, Chen, & Burrows, 1996, p. 230). Assimilation is the cognitive process of fitting new information into existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, and understanding. A Contrast on the other hand is a mechanism by which the new information because of its perceived or actual variance with the stored information leads to different conclusions for the observer. Psychologists have long argued on the complexities of stereotype priming and whether such priming always leads to assimilati
Introduction In describing the effective means of organizing a productive project usually, the term teamwork is used. In some cases, the term group could substitute the term team, which implies some confusion between the two terms. Both terms imply a similar meaning, however, if referring to management and organizational work they can deliver different interpretations, meanings, and accordingly different realizations. This paper discusses the difference between the two meanings of those words along with providing the prescriptions that have been put forward for the development of effective work teams. Analysis Since the early times, people always have made attempts to unite into groups, e.g. a group – as the foundation of family life. When united, it is easier to defend, wage war, create governments, rest, and work. The result of working as a group could be a complete chaos and an impressive success. True, it can be stated with full confidence that the groups reach maximum success when turning into more productive units, called teams. In general, a business team differs from a simple group of managers by a more permanent structure, clear distribution of roles, clear purpose. To create an effective project a purposeful work of the team leader and all potential team members is required. “The way today’s organisations work involve constantly creating and breaking up teams.” (Thomas, 1997, pp. 134) If establishing the definition of a team, it is “a small group of people with complementary skills and abilities who are committed to a common goal and approach for which they hold each other accountable” and in the same manner a group is a “group of people with complementary skills and abilities who are committed to a leader’s goal and approach and are willing to be held accountable by the leader” (Mackin) The first general difference between the team and the group is shaped like the common goal – the leader’s goal and held accountable by the leader-hold each other accountable. Therefore, it is obvious that it is easier to form a group than a team as in forming a group, the leader search for commonality in its members whereas “Members of a team may be selected for their complementary skills.” (Pollick) As it is referred in the book “Crisp: Team Building” by Robert B. Maddux other distinctions between a team and a group could lie in the following comparisons:   * Group members believe that they have been joined together for administration convenience only whereas team members are aware of their interdependence.   * Group members pertain to their project as ordinary employees whereas team members feel like owners of their project, they are committed to the objectives of the company, which they have helped defi