ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
1. In the last one hundred pages of the book under analysis the issue of social stereotypes concerning people with Japanese-American experience is raised by the author. Describing his feelings, Mura states: “I felt that I, like Susie, had suddenly become some sort of pet, some stereotype, a ‘young Sansei poet’” (Mura 341). In other words, readers had certain expectations concerning the style and content of his creative works and did not want to be disappointed. All Mura’s works were perceived through the lens of his ethnical origin and Japan-American background which predetermined the destiny and public attitude towards his memoirs. Labeling the author as a “young Sensai poet”, the audience was unwilling to shift the accustomed frames for receiving the author’s messages. Thus, raising the issue of stereotyping, the author discuses the impact of social expectations upon his sense of self-perception and opportunities for realizing his creative potential predetermined with the social environment. 2. The child of Susie and David clearly represents both the fusion and the split between American and Japanese cultures which becomes more explicit during the trip to Japan. “This split I have felt between America and Japan, this fusion of two histories, will reside in her, in a different, more visible way” (Mura 372). The child, who was born in an international family, would absorb the peculiarities of both cultures since the day of his/her birth. The ethnical origin, parents’ background and the family’s lifestyle would have a significant impact upon the child’s self-identity and the process of socialization. In that regard, the elements of both cultures would interact and blend in the child’s consciousness, representing the fusion of both cultures. The interaction between these elements would result in unique child’s views which cannot be associated with any of the components because of their fusion. On the other hand, though the intersected elements are included into the person’s self-perception and cannot be separated from each other, the unique character of David’s daughter shows the split between these cultures. The inner conflict along with the social expectations and difficulties demonstrates the gap between the two cultures and their fusion in the child’s consciousness. 3. The episode depicting the group therapy session with David’s both parents reveals the generation gap between the Nisei and Sansei and the associated psychological problems. On the one hand, coming to therapist session, parents acknowledge that they do have problems and need help for overcoming them. On the other hand, father’s behavior show
The concepts of multiculturalism and diversity are related to the ethnic and racial composition of the population. Various cultural traditions, values, and customs significantly influence individuals and shape their self-identity because as a person grows, he or she adopts particular behavioral pertinent to his/her social environment. In this way, individuals’ cultural identity defines their actions, decisions, social orientations, and preferences. Thus, leaders and advocates in the field of human behavior should be aware of these multicultural differences, their effects on individuals’ conduct, as well as their relationships to various social issues such as oppression and discrimination (NASW, 2014). In the professional performance requiring an unprejudiced attitude, such as counseling, cultural biases may create significant barriers to the provision of high-quality service. Prejudices based on the demographic factors interfere with the establishment of professional relationships and increase misunderstanding. Therefore, the development of awareness of own cultural and social biases may be regarded as the initial phase in increasing multicultural competence. Hays (2008) suggests to analyze own cultural heritage and develop the understanding of how cultural values affect interactions with diverse people. When a person shows the willingness to change shehe becomes more open to the reception of new knowledge, the transformation of a cultural perspective, as well as the development of new personal and cultural values. In the field of human behavior, it is possible to build intercultural competence through the investigation of relevant ethical standards and multiple informational sources. It can be useful to develop relationships with diverse people within the multicultural professional or academic contexts. The development of cultural awareness is essential for every advocate and leader, and it is an intrinsic part of the professional competence which is liable for the successful communication, maintenance of objectivity, and compliance with a significant number of ethical standards and principles. Cyberbullying Nowadays, communication via online social networks is widespread. Although the use of the Internet is beneficial in many spheres of life, it also can negatively impact human lives when misused. Cyberbullying is a contemporary topical issue that affected millions of children and teenagers. According to the recent statistics, over 25 percent of adolescents are repeatedly exp
Introduction The reading ability is considered an essential one within a great number of different countries. The system of formal education in most countries requires reading ability as an integral part of the educational process. Though some children experience early reading difficulties, the problem is solved as soon as their reading becomes more advanced. The current report concerns the children experiencing early difficulties in reading and possible interventions with such problems. Synthesis of the Article The article contains the summary of the information presented in the article Interventions for Children Experiencing Early Reading Difficulties by the same author, Rebecca Barr. The author has managed to cover four areas in which the reading interventions were focused on improving children’s reading skills. The four areas under discussion are phonemic awareness (“children’s ability to recognize and analyze spoken sound structures of words” (Barr, n.d., pp.1-2)), phonics as a part of “…letter-sound associations, decoding, and blending” (Barr, pp. 1-2), fluency, and vocabulary that can be developed with the help of storybook reading (Barr, pp. 1-3). As the reading process presupposes different activities, it seems necessary to analyze various programs and methods which have been introduced to fulfill interventions into the learning process. Comprehensive Intervention Programs This area covers Reading Recovery and other comprehensive intervention programs, suchlike tutorial programs, small-group programs, and volunteer tutoring. Each of these programs has its advantages and drawbacks with regards to their effectiveness, direct influence on children’s abilities and behavior. Thus, the Reading Recovery program is aimed at “…providing a comprehensive lesson format, using assessment to inform every lesson, intensively training teachers, and defining successful intervention not by controlled experimental results but bringing the lowest 20% of a class to average” (Barr, n.d., p.4). The whole generation of educators is supposed to be greatly influenced by this program because it was developed in 1970 and was considered progressive in comparison with previous methods (Barr, p.4). Other Comprehensive Interventions The next aspect discussed in the article under consideration concerns tutorial programs, small-group programs, and volunteer tutoring as alternative versions of the Reading Recovery. First graders are at risk of experiencing difficulties in reading; they can be intervened with the tutorial programs that are based on the Reading Recovery. As you can see, certain programs have been designed to meet the requirements and needs of definite grades in terms of developing either “word identification and comprehension” (Barr, n.d., p.4) or “word recognition, text reading, and standardized test scores” (Barr, p.5). This presupposes a necessity of establishing and introducing specific programs for children in differen
The movie Salt of the Earth was the most controversial motion picture to ever be produced in Hollywood. Short in 1954, the movie’s script was written by Michael Wilson, directed by Herbert J. Biberman, and produced by Paul Jarrico. The three had been blacklisted in Hollywood for their involvement in Communist Politics. The movie was based on the true-life story of striking miners in New Mexico. The miners and their families were the real actors who had participated in the 1951 Zinc Miner’s strike in New Mexico. The movie highlights the difficulties that the Miners encountered while trying to defend their rights and oppression. The Movie Salt of the Earth acts as a historic tool that helps to identify the effects of the Cold War and Labor Unions. The movie was produced when Communism and Labor Movements were at their peak of formation (Lorence 54). This is evident in the movie where there was the formation of the Labor Movement to unite the miners. The movement acted as a platform where they would air out their grievances. The mineworkers were downing their tools in protest for the poor working conditions they encountered while being manipulated by their employers. They demanded good working gear, better salaries, and sanitation. Their pleas seemed to fall on deaf ears and this brought the aspect of Communism in the land. The outcome provokes the women and children to join in the strike. The onset of a more rampant strike led to the exchange of gender roles where men had to stay at home doing domestic work while the women were in the front line at the pinked. This is after the court gives the miners two options of either losing their jobs or being taken to jail for conducting the strike. In the movie, it is evident that the writer was very keen on portraying the theme of feminism. The wives of the mineworkers were at the fore front in the strike. They emphasize equality to their men. This allowed them to bring forth their grievances. They demand better housing, sanitation, and equality among the races. This is a lesson to learn on the history of the formation of the labor movement how women came to be a member of the Communist and other Unions. The class between the poor and the rich, races, and residence of a person is also evident in the movie. This is also an aspect that led to the politics of the Cold War and the formation of Communist and Labor Mo
One of the most memorable conflicts of the XX century, the Iraq War is also the issue of numerous controversies, especially when it comes to discussing the reasons for the United States to start an armed conflict against the Iraqi leaders. Despite the fact that the issue has been worn out completely in numerous discussions, and its new reconsideration will add nothing to what has already been learned, the movie directed by Wood may shed more light on the issue. Because of the focus on the violence and despicability of Saddam Hussein’s regime, the movie fails to mention the effects that the U.S. troops’ invasion has had on Iraq, as well as comment on the problems that the U.S. approach towards addressing the issue of Saddam Hussein’s totalitarian regime had. Speaking of the weakest points of the movie, one must mention that there is a certain tendency in it to avoid addressing George W. Bush’s policy. What a range of other sources consider the key to understanding the nature of the confrontation has been omitted by
Introduction: Hudson’s Bay Company Profile The Hudson’s Bay Company presently operates retail stores throughout Canada and although the company is currently American owned, it takes part in a significant portion of Canadian history and has had a paramount role in the establishment of a European presence in North America. The Hudson’s Bay Company was initially established as a trading company to trade with the indigenous people of North America for furs, specifically beaver furs. The Hudson’s Bay Company managed to set up the initial infrastructure of what eventually became Canada and was, for a time, the sole component in exploring Rupert’s Land and creating many trading forts and routes throughout the wild, unsettled country. This role of trailblazer that was assumed by the Hudson’s Bay Company involved the creation of new relationships with the Native Indians that called this vast realm home. These unique relationships were forged through a common interest and curiosity that managed to bridge the inevitable gaps in cultural understanding to construct a unique affiliation despite the obvious cultural disparity that existed. The influence of encroaching European culture, through trade and later settlement, brought with it an irrevocable and inevitable change in the lives of all of the indigenous, aboriginal peoples that inhabited the immense continent. The Hudson’s Bay Company was built and maintained through this precarious relationship of trade with these Native Indians but it was not alone in forming an exchange relationship with them. The financially viable prospects that accompanied the wide availability of furs in North America led to the Hudson’s Bay Company inexorably facing trading competition in the form of independent traders and eventually rival trading companies. This competition ultimately resulted in a merger with the Northwest Company. The Hudson’s Bay Company eventually ceded all the lands that it claimed to Canada shortly after confederation. The Hudson’s Bay Company has the honour of being one of the oldest companies in the world that remains active. The long-lived trading company was established and chartered on May 2, 1670 and incorporated by King Charles the Second. The Hudson’s Bay Company had been established with multiple purposes in mind; the opportunity to secure an expansionist foothold in the new world, an attempt to find a route to the fabled Northwest passage, and the understandable monetary interest in trading for furs. 1 King Charles the Second sponsored a ship, the Eaglet, to
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate my act of kindness toward other people. The act involved giving gifts of books and warm cloths to children’s home. My act of kindness was based on this assignment. However, I realized that giving to others is a form of individual social responsibility. It gave me a sense of pleasure that I had done something useful for the deprived members of society. Although, my act of kindness was based on the need to meet my assignment expectations, it instilled the desire in me to continue with such acts because of the sense of responsibility and pleasure I derived from it. The respective roles of altruism, personal and professional social responsibility, and codependency I have believed in altruism. This is an act of selflessness with no expectation or favors in return (Warneken & Tomasello, 2009). Acts of altruism are authentic and demonstrate selflessness when acting for the benefits of others. On the other hand, personal and professional social responsibility involves actions that benefit a given segment of society. Codependency shows a relationship of mutual needs. Codependency is an act of emotional and behavioral elements in which a person feels needed by other people with challenges. It is a means of seeking for self-fulfillment outside self. Based on these observations, it is clear that altruism is not common in people. However, personal and professional social responsibility is often done. The desire to engage in social responsibility may not always be driven by altruism. Instead, it may be an obligation to meet certain needs in society. An individual may engage in codependent acts because of the mutual needs or the desire to fulfill mutual relationships with the other party. I was engaged in individual social responsibility because of the requirements for this assignment. My acts of kindness were not driven by altruism. Thus, it is evident that acting for others’ good is a rear phenomenon that can hardly be found in people. Application of altruism to psychology or psychological principles As previously mentioned, acting in a selfless manner is a rear phenomenon. The field of psychology involves providing care to clients. Psychology professionals, however, are not automatically selflessness or altruists. Psychology best practices stress that professionals should always support their clients’ needs through actions. Psychological theories, practices and guidelines have been developed over time to ensure that professionals offer the best quality of services for their clients. These elements of psychology have not been formulated to promote self-gain. Instead, they strive to ensure that people can overcome their human development and mental issues. In this regard, acts that suggest altruism clearly support principles of psycho
What has been the most significant change in nursing education in the past 30 years? Nursing education has undergone considerable changes due to the shifts that have taken place in society. Nurses healthcare practitioners now have more responsibilities, so their educational needs also increased. Evidence-based nursing is deeply rooted in the development of life-long learners, which is also one of the pillars of contemporary nursing education (Vanderhoef, 2016). Modern nurses are involved in research, which has led to the substantial advancement of nursing practice in the past 30 years (McLaughlin & Sanchez, 2016). The nursing curriculum can be characterized by significant attention to such areas as diversity, advocacy, community involvement, and so forth. Nursing educators try to make nurses active agents of change aimed at achieving the most favorable patient outcomes. What factors are the key factors influencing nursing practice and education today? Technological advances enable healthcare professionals to provide high-quality care within shorter periods, which has led to the opportunity to address the psychological, emotional, and spiritual needs of patients (Jacob, 2016). Nurses have become central figures in the provision of care. They try to identify and meet patient needs in order to make the healing process rapid and effective. The overall development of civic societies made people more active in the process of making decisions. Nursing advocacy is one of the results of this trend. How much do you agree with Friere’s stance that education should be a form of social revolution? I totally agree with Friere’s stance concerning the essence of education. When applied to nursing education, nurses should be taught and encouraged to contribute to the development of practice. Through the provision of care and support, nursing professionals can also provide their valuable input in the creation of healthy communities (Goodman, 2014). Clearly, the focus on underprivileged groups’ needs is of paramount importance for the achievement of this goal. To a certain extent, education is becoming a form of social revolution due to its impact on society.
The concept of motivation emerged after a thorough scholarly investigation about the forces that drove people to perform particular actions. Intrinsic motivation is the implementation of an assignment because of inbuilt contentment from the action rather than some other results. Ryan and Deci (2000, p.56) show how intrinsic motivation correlates to the natural inclination of individuals towards knowledge and adaptation. They also show how people express it only under specifiable conditions. Extrinsic motivation is whenever an activity is performed to achieve some separable outcomes (Ryan, & Deci, 2000, p.60). In extrinsic motivation, extrinsic rewards are provided, which are thought to be the motivating factor, an example of which is the remuneration or presents for work done. Intrinsic rewards include personal satisfaction in carrying and completion of a task. Ryan and Deci (2000, p.58) point out how extrinsic rewards such as threats and deadlines interferes with intrinsic inspiration. It has long been known that those who set goals end up being more successful at a given task compared to those without any goals. Many personalities exist, and so do the methods of classifying them. An example is a classification by Marston (1979, p.36) who grouped people based on their active and passive trends depending on their view of the environment. Any dominant personality influences a person’s goal setting. Each personality tends to set different goals. People who are driven and supremely determined know what they want to attain. They end up setting exceedingly high goals. Some personalities involve working on a task as a whole. This category ends up setting r
Practical Assignment According to EPA Victoria (2014, Par. 2), environment is very delicate and should be treated as such. It supports life for all the living organisms hence a lot of care should be taken when handling wastes to avoid any form of environmental contamination. Waste is something that is not useful in its current state, but can be treated, recycled, or re-used. Since waste is generated both in domestic and industrial activities, effective waste management is key towards environmental sustainability. Industrial activities contribute the greatest amount of environmental pollutants in many countries. Australia faces various challenges of environmental pollution. This country lacks proper national policies on environmental conservation. According to the State Government of Victoria (2014, par. 3), there are proper guidelines to be followed when disposing any given type of waste. A company that produces a quantity of waste oil and cleaning chemicals should follow the right waste disposal rules to avoid pollution. Waste oil and cleaning chemicals contains hazardous substances like Lead, Cadmium, and Chromium that are toxic to humans and other biotic organisms. This company can dispose this waste in various ways. It can carry the waste oil and chemicals to the off-site or waste disposal facilities that are legally allowed to handle such wastes. However, the best option for this company is to burn the waste oil and chemicals. This should be done in accordance to the regulations by the burner standards. The burning should be done in a well-regulated and approved furnace to avoid any form of environmental pollution. The Logo This Logo has five main parts, all of which are focused on emphasizing the need to reduce contamination levels in Kerbside recycling bins. The first item of the log that is at the top is meant to define the authority under which the bins are managed. This is particularly important in enhancing the legitimacy of the bins. The second item shows the department that is directly responsible for the distribution and management of the recycle bins. The department has been given the mandate by the council. Just like the first item, this item helps in making the targeted people to have a sense of responsibility. They will know that the council is demanding that they should be responsible for the m