ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The research design of open-labelled, comparative, and randomised prospective study is appropriate in answering research question, which seeks to find if early enteral feeding has beneficial effects of improving the hormonal profile of patients with traumatic brain injury when compared with delayed enteral feeding. Comparative aspect of the research design enabled comparison of early enteral feeding and delayed enteral feeding. Randomisation aspect of the research design is very important because it assigned the patients randomly into two groups, namely, one that received early enteral feeding and the other that received delayed enteral feeding. The prospective aspect of the study allowed measurements of hormonal levels during admission, after six days, and after 12 days. Alternative ways that could have enhanced validity of the findings are the use of single blind design and double blind design to reduce placebo effects and related biases of researchers (Karanicolas, Farrokhyar, & Bhandari, 2010). The qualitative research design, which applies vignettes and semi-structured interviews, is appropriate in describing factors that influence the decisions of nurses when weaning critically ill patients from the mechanical ventilation. Since the research question aims at describing factors that influence the decisions of nurses, qualitative research design is appropriate. The use of semi-structured interviews guided the researchers to ask standard questions and enabled participants to provide accurate and relevant answers (Russell & Gregory, 2008). Moreover, the use of vignettes provided standard scenario that could effectively assess the factors, which influence the decisions that nurses make when weaning patients with critical conditions from the mechanical ventilation. The alternative ways that the research could have used are open-ended interviews and open-ended questionnaires so that nurses could provide information freely without any restrictions. Randomised-controlled trial is a research design that is appropriate in establishing if the protocol-directed management of sedation is more effective when compared to the non-protocol directed management of sedation. In this case, randomisation is appropriate to prevent biased assignment of the patients to protocol group and non-protocol group (Suresh, 2011). The control aspect of the design is appropriate because it allowed researchers to control confounding variables and assess the impact of sedation management on the prognosis of patients. Evidently, the findings show that protocol-directed sedation does not have a significant impact on the duration of mechanical ventilation relative to non-protocol sedation. The research could have employed standard dosages and similar route of administrations to alleviate the impact of confounding variables and enhance the validity of the findings. Qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory aspects of research design are appropriate in establishing the natu
Introduction A market is a place where people who are willing and able to buy a particular product. It is very important for a company to market its products in a place where there are prospective and able buyers. The prospective buyers should also be willing and able to spend money to buy products. A company has to undertake a comprehensive research of the market to determine the number of prospective customers, their willingness to spend as well as the possible future competitors. This report discusses the dynamics of a market that is mainly composed of products meant for children. Economic environment The economic environment is such that some people may not buy a particular product simply because they cannot afford it. Thus, it is important for the company to sell products to people who have the financial ability of purchasing the product in question since the value of their money is what consumers always look for in a brand. Marketing opportunities usually increase at a time of economic boom and decreases during an economic decline (Gillian & Hird, 1986). Social environment Social environment reflects the culture of the target market. Most people in the affluent areas may not prefer having children in their lifetime. Such kind of a society cannot be relied on to buy particular products meant for children. Competitive environment The competitive environment demands that a company knows its enemy. The company should have adequate knowledge of their rival companies and try to outdo them by adding value to their products. The company should also become aware of the prevailing wind and try as much as possible to coordinate with the captain. Also, it should set the course, train its marketers, and if necessary do a turnaround of their product branding and quality (Neisser, 2010). Brand name Branding is an important part of a product’s marketing process. A brand name is quite influential because it is the main element that determines the way customers will choose a product. Branding is a way of making customers to become acquainted with a company’s product. It therefore shows a sense of ownership and a way of keeping loyal customers of the product. It is also important to note that there is a close relationship between convinced users of the brand and its market share (Finskud, 2009). Target market The target market of the product is very important because it determines the way the product is marketed or branded. Thus, it is not prudent to send mails to households that do not have children. It is also prudent enough not to use newspapers to advertise products that are only
For a long period of time now in the human history, the successes of most engagements, morality notwithstanding, have been due to proper leadership. With good leadership and the associated outcome both in the ancient and present age, man has increasingly sought to find ways of identifying the best style of leadership that suits the demands of the time (Northouse, 2009). Researchers have also been attracted towards the need to understand the concept of leadership by developing personality-based theories and other approaches. According to Northouse (2009), leadership can be defined as a complex process of aiding businesses or organizations achieve their goals. Ways of conceptualizing the idea of leadership include; viewing leadership as a trait/behavior or from an information-processing perspective or associative viewpoint. Many organizations are constantly searching for individuals with outstanding leadership qualities and abilities so as to transform their operations for the better. The essay seeks to discuss in detail two major approaches to leadership; transformational and transactional. Through the discussion, their clear differences will emerge. Moreover, the essay will offer a critique of the transactional leadership according to Northouse. Transformational leadership, just as the name suggests, is concerned with bringing change to the society or organization. It is a type of leadership characterized by stimulation and inspiration of the followers with an aim of helping them achieve extraordinary ends (Bass & Riggio, 2006). Transformational leaders also seek to empower the followers and to help them unleash their own leadership potential. They strive to address and align the individual goals with those they have in mind as well as the achievement of organizational goals. Research findings have revealed that transformational leadership can inspire the followers to over-perform their mandate as a result of commitment to the organization as well as self satisfaction (Bass & Riggio, 2006). There are four major components of transformational leadership. Idealized Influence (II) is the first component. This component allows the leader to behave in a manner that motivates the followers to imitate. Transformational leaders win approval from their followers and they like to be associated with their leaders. Persistence, determination and extraordinary potentials are some of the qualities that are admired by the followers. This implies that followers have their own ideal behaviors as well as attributes that they expect from their leaders. The followers would like leaders who have a collective sense of mission and the assurance that all obstacles will be overcome (Burns, 1978). Moreover, such leaders with II are consistently willing to take risks without compromising their ethical and moral integrity. Inspirational Motivation (IM) is the next component under the transformational leade
Asia is regarded as the largest continent in the world. It spans from China in the eastern extreme and India in the west. Despite the fact that upcoming economies hail from this continent, some countries are still struggling in terms of making their social, political and economic systems better and modernised. Economic modernisation is characterised by several indicators among them high employment rates, high Gross National Income, less dependence on foreign aid and a high Gross Domestic Production (Brach 16). Most Asian countries are still not able to realize these due to various impediments. The first one is the issue of small markets. The availability of a ready and big market for any country is vital. The success of any international trade is based on the rate of foreign exchange through exports and imports. Second, there is notable economic over reliance on resources and the tourism sectors. Diversification of sources of public fund helps in ensuring that economic growth is guaranteed even when a sector fails. Most Asian economies have placed much reliance on tourism and resource exploitation instead of developing other sectors (Brach 17). The recent global crunch has seen them suffer a lot. The third factor is increased migration of skilled workers and professionals. Most professionals from India and other Asian countries have been lured to work in Europe and America creating a labor vacuum in their own countries. The brain drain effect has in turn denied these countries its best intellectuals and professionals (Brach 17). Retrograde education system is the fourth impediment to economic modernisation in Asia. The education system in Asia has not changed with time even after the Asian countries became independent. The old education systems which were to suit the colonial masters are still in place today making it difficult for them to embrace technology in a technological dynamic world (Seels and Richey 26-28). The fifth factor is lack of meritocracy. Achievement base
The appearance of coronavirus in Germany has led to the necessity to adjust to the new situation. The pandemic dictates the new rules to the government and urges it to take further measures in terms of prevention and treatment of this infection. There are several ways to prevent the virus from spreading, and Germany is implementing its new policy for the safety of its citizens. However, it is still unclear if these measures help or the number of infected people keeps increasing. In contrast to such European countries as Spain or Italy, the figures for Germany remain relatively low. These results are conditioned by the active policy of the government and the restrictions of the Robert Koch Institute, which defined the threat risk as “high” (“Germany coronavirus threat raised to ‘high’ alert,” 2020). At the moment, there are 100,132 infected people in the country: 1,584 of them died, and 28,700 citizens have fully recovered (“Germany,” 2020). Hence, Germany demonstrated its seriousness in addressing the issue, which helped it to remain one of the countries with minimal casualties. There are two reasons for such low indicators of Germany regarding the spread of coronavirus. The first reason is the number of people who were reported to have ‘mild’ conditions with high chances of recovery, which accounts for 65,912 cases (“Germany”, 2020). As can be seen from the numbers above, these expectations have been realized. The second reason is the fewer amount of elderly people, who are considered to be in the main group of risk (“Germany,” 2020). These two factors are playing the most significant role in the overall outcome of the fight against coronavirus. Germany is also paying particular attention to taking preventive measures in a timely manner. Since January 2020, they have been conducting tests among the people of the risk groups and isolated the infected citizens. It also promoted social distancing as a prevention measure to stop the virus from spreading (“What explains the low coronavirus death rate in Germany?” 2020). As a result, these actions led to better indicators of the country in contrast to Italy, Spain, or France. Not only the government’s measures but also the population of the country contributes to the improvement of the situation. The attitude of people towards this problem was serious, and the recommendations considering protection and the cancellation of events were strictly followed (“What explains the low coronavirus death rate in Germany?” 2020). Hence, the consciousness of German citizens contributed to the reduction in the risk of getting infected and improved the situation in the country. In terms of preventing the spread of coronavirus, some European countries decided to close their borders. For example, Austria was one of the f
Executive Summary Volkswagen is one of the leading companies manufacturing cars on a global scale. The organization has built a tremendous brand recognizability and a vast customer base that has helped it to retain its influence among customers on a global level. However, for Volkswagen to keep up with the pace set by the recent technological breakthrough and the development of new transportation opportunities, specifically, electric cars, Volkswagen will need a new approach toward its OM to increase the quality of its product. For this purpose, the introduction of an innovation-based operational management framework is critical to the company’s further performance in the global market. By integrating the OM framework driven by innovations and, therefore, making the notion thereof incremental to the firm’s OM, Volkswagen will become a leader in the industry and be capable of compensating for some of its past mistakes to reduce the negative publicity that it has gained over the years. Specifically, the environmental scandal concerning the company’s attempt at forgery should be taken into account when shaping Volkswagen’s current framework for OM. The described issue has affected the company’s PR, which implies that Volkswagen will need an update on its environmental policies and the introduction of rigid standards that will assist the company in complying with the current global standards. Additionally, the OM strategy will have to embrace the notion of innovative management as the platform for enhancing product quality and meeting the latest demands of target audiences. Due to the unceasing increase in the level of product quality demanded in the automotive industry, Volkswagen will need an innovation-based OM framework to build the competitive advantage that will help it to retain its position and even advance in the global car market. Introduction Company Description The manufacturing environment has always been a very competitive industry since innovation has been the focus of the target environment. Due to the incessant need for innovative solutions to the problems of managing quality and meeting the changing requirements of customers, the manufacturing setting has been showing the signs of rapid development (Khairani et al. 2017). As a result, the companies working in it have been facing the need to adapt and evolve, challenging the set quality principles and inventing new solutions to the emergent problems (Gopal & Thakkar 2015). Volkswagen is one of those corporations, positioning itself as one of the leading organizations and being at the forefront of technological innovation in the designated industry (Volkswagen Group 2019). However, reports indicate that Volkswagen has been experiencing certain difficulties in navigating the contemporary economic setting, specifically, due to the issues in its data management approach (Volkswagen Group 2019). Therefore, detailing a strategy that will allow Volkswagen to shape its current operational management
Introduction One of the most significant factors which affect the economy of the US and the world in general is its overdependence on oil. Literary the US economy over depends on oil to power its progress. This has made the economy to be very vulnerable to slight changes in the price of the oil. In this article, a close examination of this vulnerability of the US economy to changes in the prices of oil will be examined with an aim of determining whether the price of gasoline will keep on rising. Supply of Gasoline The principle factor that affects the price of gasoline is its supply. The world supply of oil is continuously being strained as the demand for more supply keeps on increasing. New emerging economies such as China and India are demanding for more and more oil to power their economies. This ever increasing demand for oil directly affect the economy of the US as forces of demand and supply push the price of the oil upwards. During times of crisis especially when an oil producing country is involved, such as the current one involving Libya, the price of oil goes up affecting the economies which have a heavy reliance on oil and oil products. Will Gasoline price keep on rising? On the question of whether the price of gasoline in the US will keep on going higher the answer is yes. There are many indicators which show that the possibility of the price of gasoline rising high is very high. Basically, as noted above, the price of oil is headed to keep on rising by the simple fact that its demand is more than the supply. Taking into consideration the fact that coming up with alternative means of energy such as using nuclear plants to generate power will likely take a lot of time the supply, in the meantime, will not sustain demand thus meaning that price will likely keep on rising. Another factor to put into consideration is overdependence of the US economy on oil and gasoline. It has been noted that that the manufacturers in the US do not seem to understand the crisis of energy supply, for instance, it has been noted that even after the 1979-1980 oil crisis, car manufacturers by 1989 were producing cars which guzzled oil: Cars were getting faster, more powerful, more laden with gadgetry — and gulping more fuel. Americans had evidently decided that a new crisis wasn’t going to happen. The popularity of light trucks, notably sport-utility vehicles and pickup trucks, grew quickly in the late 1980s when Ford’s F-150 pickup became the best-selling vehicle in America, and trendy was spelled S-U-V. (Consumer 1) Critically analyzing the oil price trend in the US, it can be shown that it has been on a continuously upward movement: “Oil prices have almost quadrupled since the beginning of 2002. For an oil-importing country like the U.S., this has substantially increased the cost of petroleum imports” (Stewart 1). It has been argued that the actual price of $3.00 is n
Executive Summary This report is about the three major revolts against the British in their colonies in South America in the wake of an aggressive liberation struggle from all the corners of the world. The revolts occurred in Barbados (1816), Demerara (Guyana) 1823 and in Jamaica; 1831-2.It also highlights the major reasons like oppressive rule and inhuman abuse of the slaves in the farms. Some of the slaves were killed in cold blood. Main Body Three serious revolts erupted in a period considered one of the freedom and liberalization. These slave revolts occurred in the British West Indies in the preceding two decades of formalized slavery: Barbados in 1816, Demerara(Guyana)in 1823 and Jamaica in 1831-2. These extensively resistant and influential rebellions occurred remarkably after a period of comparative slave quiescence an assimilate elite of Christian origin (Herbert Aptheker, 1976). The slaves were ready to die for their liberty from repression, unassimilable elements and frustrations of their expectations. The Africans still had deep seated roots back home that kept their dreams alive beyond the end of slavery in 1808. The rebellion in Barbados succeeded a period of hardship and the destruction was massive and the government used oppressive and fatal means of containing the slaves. Demerara was acquired from the Dutch twenty years before the 1823 rebellion of the decreasing unhealthy, disease suffering slaves who rated twenty to one white. Even though the slaves were oppressed, they were always pushed to rebel by their detractors. Many rebels fled into the bush and most notably the convicted ones like Reverend John Smith, the “Demerara Martyr” led to public furore in England. The most benevolently run estates in Demerara surprised the slave masters leading to a slowing of the pace of emancipation (Edinburgh Review,1824). Jamaica experienced the “Christmas Rebellion” of 1831-2 was the most serious and longest of the three rebellions. It remained a third largest producer of sugar of the British colonies. Many slaves were overworked to bridge the gap in economies of s
Racism is a social construct that differentiates people in the society according to color and privileges. Conventionally, the blacks have no privileges while the whites have privileges in that they can access social, political and economic perquisites in the society. Since racism is a social construct that renders the whites as privileged and the blacks as unprivileged, social, political and economic status of the whites has set precedent for the ethnic minorities to follow. The disparity that exists between the two is that, although racism is a national problem that needs attention and solution, the whites do not view it as a significant problem for they are more privileged. According to Wise, a research done to determine whether white Americans believe that racial discrimination is a significant national problem showed that only 6% believe it to be (2008, p. 5). This shows that the whites do not see racial issues to have any significance because of their privileged status. Therefore, the white people appropriate the essence of white privilege because they do not perceive the problem of racism to have any national significance. Given that racism is a social construct that elevates social status of the whites and degrades blacks’ social status, the whites perceive such differences as normal social process of life attributed to difference in ethnicities and races. Although there is significant decline in the formal discrimination, racial institutional practices that give privileges to t