ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Title Construction projects succeed as a result of interaction and interplay of factors such as understanding of client complexity, emergent requirements, and perceptions of different stakeholders in the construction industry. Background Construction projects are regarded to be either ‘successful’ or ‘failed’ differently by different stakeholders in the construction industry. Perceptions among the key stakeholders in the industry, mostly the practitioners and the clients, continue to differ, a fact that affects many construction projects. For instance, projects that have been considered failed by the practitioners have received positive response from clients where such projects are seen to be success by the clients (Thomson 2011). This difference in perception has been captured in one major research work in the industry carried out by Derek Thomson who found out that construction practitioners tend to view a project to be successful when such project has the ability to meet the client’s requirements, largely formulated and outlined during the commencement of a project (Thomson 2011). As a result, such projects lack stakeholders’ contribution and enrichment of the initial outlined requirements as the project progress, a situation that leads to many clients viewing such projects as failed (Rowlinson and Cheung 2008 cited in Thomson 2011). What construction practitioners fail to understand or internalize by adopting this approach is that, by ignoring client dialogue, there is little under-utilization and appreciation of constructive and potential emerging solutions largely developed from the client’s socially constructed perception of the improved understanding of construction requirements. On overall, the construction industry heavily relies on performance goals and metrics formulated as the project takes off (Chan 2003). However, in the modern world where there is increasing growth of stakeholders in the construction industry, there is rise of clash of perception, as the theory of social construct would postulate. There is need to recognize that the emerging and increasing client judgments regarding the success or failure of construction projects is heavily impacting the construction industry and it cannot be ignored. As a result, in the recent times there have been suggestions that construction practitioners need to change their long time perception on the success of projects and in turn incorporate the views of multiple stakeholders in the industry, specifically the views of the clients. This is not only important but necessary given that identifying and appreciating client awareness of projects improves as projects progress. Given the above understanding this research will investigate the issue of changing perception of key stakeholders in the construction industry and how and how such perception change impact the construction projects. Objectives of the research will premise on the need for the construction practitioners to identify new project success goals apart from the i
Introduction Managing conflicts in life requires a lot of skills and concepts that need to be in cooperated. This is based on the fact that we will encounter and have various conflicts as time goes by. Having conflicts in life should be considered natural because there is nobody who can avoid them in his/her life in any way. In this case, what matters is how we will solve and manage such conflicts for long term sustainability because they can not be allowed to persist (Kellett, 2007, p. 85). There are various definitions and approaches to the whole aspect of conflicts and some things might be considered as minor disagreements. Conflicts in our daily lives should not be considered as big challenges but this should be an opportunity for us to manage a situation for the better. As a matter of fact, such issues will only become a problem if they hinder our personal lives in any way. Everybody is expected to deal with various conflicts so that they do not alter their life but this depends on the prevailing situation (Mayer, 1992, p. 24). There are conflicts that might arise because of our general beliefs while others will arise as a result of personal issues. As far as this paper is concerned, dealing with kids on a daily basis is engrossed with a lot of conflicts that need to be solved. This is based on the fact that kids are still growing up meaning that they might be involved in different conflicts, challenges and disagreements as time goes by. Discussion Conflicts are common with kids and this becomes complex when you are dealing with many kids. Just by the fact that I have 68 kids implies there will be conflicts and behavioral challenges because their age ranges from 5-13 years. This is because they will not agree based on their age which is expected in a normal society. As far as conflicts that revolve around kids are concerned, they should be managed in a timely manner so that they do not affect their daily lives. Dealing with kids on a daily basis does not imply that there will always be problems but there are occasions where they can interact well. Kids might not get along well and this is because of different attitudes that they might be having. In this case, kids should be taught how to manage different conflicts based on attitudes and character that they might portray (Bar-Siman-Tov, 2004, p. 37). As far as dealing with kids on a daily basis is concerned, establishing myself as an example will teach them basic conflict resolution skills. This will be done by establishing fair and clear rules that can apply to all of them for long term sustainability. Behavior boundaries need to be established as far as dealing with kids on a daily basis is concerned. The age of these kids defines the level of engagement because it is quite obvious that they are at different stages of emotional development. Because I have four squads (of kids), it means that each group might be sharing some specific attitudes. He
In Stephen Crane’s “The Open Boat,” we find the sense of nature as an entity all her own, with whims and desires and intentions that have little or nothing to do with humankind. In this story, four men are shipwrecked and attempting to find their way back to land in an old dinghy. The four men in the boat struggle with more than just the waves and the weather, though. As they struggle to survive through rationing of food and water, fighting off the exhaustion of body and mind, and contend with the sharks that come to investigate the boat, they continuously think about nature in terms of a thinking, rational being. The correspondent, for example, keeps asking, “If I am going to be drowned – if I am going to be drowned – if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come thus far and contemplate sand and trees?” Eventually, this character does make it to shore by swimming for it along with two of his companions in the boat, but the oiler drowns trying to get to land through the surf. “The entire action of the narrative reveals the correspondent’s contemplation and resigned acceptance of his (humankind’s) insignificance and isolation in the face of an environment that simply does not care” (Adams, 1954). This effectively responds to those individuals who believe ocean levels can’t rise because we would lose too much of New York as if nature would respect our wishes in this. Works Cited Adams, Richard P. “Naturalistic Fiction: ‘The Open Boat.” Tulane Studies in English. Reprinted in Stephen Crane’s Career: Perspectives and Evaluations. Thomas A. Gullason (Ed.). New York: New York, 1972. Crane, Stephen. “The Open Boat.” (1897). Web.
How Women and Men Traditionally Build Different Types of Business Networks Every person wants to succeed in his/her workplace. They want to feel secure and develop their own business networks in which they can rely on. Men and women have own ways of achieving their versions of success. However, the two genders develop their traditional networks differently and each of the networks has its advantages and disadvantages. Unlike men, women tend to maintain their stardom even after moving from one employer to the next (Groysberg, 2008). Switching firm does not affect their work in any way and they perform just as well as the others who did not shift. Men’s performances have been found to drop by approximately 0.93% compared with females whose performances have been found to reduce by an estimate of 0.07%. The female species work and building their future by developing extended relationships with their clients and previous companies. Besides, women have been found to be good at building external networks. On the other hand, males invest more on building networks within the firms. Men work more in ensuring that they are in a reliable relationship with the firms they have associated with and ensure long-term investments in terms of resources and unique capabilities (Groysberg, 2008). Conversely, women find it easier to build outward relationships in which they identify with clients and any
The question of aviation safety has been discussed for a long period. People try to pay much attention to this item because of a number of direct and indirect costs may take place. Nowadays, the term “ramp rash” or a ground accident is not new. This type of incident happens when the aircraft is parked or moved from a passenger terminal to the required runway/taxiway. The true value of “ramp rash” is that it is hard to predict or avoid due to the possible anomalies, some malfunctions, or the errors that may take place and increase the damage chance. Another important factor is that a ground accident usually happens because of a certain chain of events. It does not happen because of a single cause that can be analyzed. In spite of the fact that specialists try to analyze and report on such accidents, not much information is known on this issue, and that is why it remains to be crucial for consideration. As a rule, ground accidents may be characterized by two types of costs: direct and indirect. It is usually hard to predict and measure indirect costs; that is why they are greater than direct costs. To understand the difference and worth of direct and indirect costs, it is possible to imagine the iceberg because of which the Titanic sank. The visual part of the iceberg is the direct costs that can be observed and even overcome. However, it is impossible to think about the size of the same iceberg under water. The same situation is observed with indirect costs of “ramp rash”. It is impossible to identify them at once. There are many different components that may be mentioned in each category of costs. Still, the direct cost category is usually easy to predict and calculate because they are connected with the repairing details. The components of indirect costs vary considerably and differ in every situation. Indirect costs may depend on the value of passengers’ baggage lost, or freight-related income, or even the reputation of the company, etc. The only positive aspect of such accidents is that they do not usually take human lives. Of course, there are the cases when people may be injured. Still, such cases are rare. As a rule, the aircraft or the territory is damaged considerably. It is also necessary to consider the emotional factors and financial losses associated with “ramp rash”. However, even if the losses of such accidents are usually of a financial nature, it is still necessary to take some precautionary steps and analyze the situations thoroughly. In fact, it is worthwhile for airlines and various aviation companies to invest in ground operations safety because of a number of reasons. First, people should be aware of the possibility of “ramp rash” and get ready for the consequences. Second, as soon as people know about the danger, they become more serious, attentive, and responsible for each step and thought made. Finally, people have to realize that their lives and safety may be under threat if they deal with huge mechanisms that are not always possible to contr
Since its formal creation on December 2, 1971, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has witnessed dramatic and major economic and social changes (Gonzalez 92). While it was initially a poor country, the country has put the revenue from gas and oil production into good use (Gonzalez 92). Though a rather dry, hot and a country with scarce groundwater, UAE has become the longest surviving and successful country in federation of the Arab world (Barbier 283). Although the country lacks sufficient water, on the other hand, it has one of the world’s highest water consumption. Nevertheless, the federal government meets increased demand by offering subsidies through the water industry. The country also has well planned institutional, political, cultural, social, and economic systems (Oliver 76). In fact, UAE has matured to become a country which not only offers its population a decent lifestyle, but also widely recognized as having a significant role to play within the global nations. It is, therefore, clear that development economics cannot be separated from the social, institutional, cultural, political and economic context. The following paper hopes to discuss the economic development of United Arab Emirates. The current status of the country, the history, economy, challenges facing economic development and the country’s competitive advantage will be discussed. When the country which was initially referred as ‘Trucial’ was established on December 2, 1971, nobody took much interest (Oliver 71). Within ten years, however, the UAE had become an admirable nation and a country to be befriended by most oil consuming countries (Gonzalez 88). UAE is an independent and sovereign state which is located at the Arabian Gulf with its capital city in Abu Dhabi (International Monetary Fund [IMF] 12). The country borders Oman and Saudi Arabia while sharing maritime boarders with Iraq, Qatar and Iran (IMF 12). UAE is made up of approximately 4.5 million people and occupies a total area of 83,600 square kilometres. While the foreign workers occupy the highest percentage of the whole population, local Emiratis occupy only 19 percent (IMF12). UAE is also made up of seven emirates including Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Sharjah, Fujeirah, Ras Al-Khaimah and Umm Al-Qiwain (Aldosari 114). With the exception of the North-central Oman Mountains and the Omani territory in the North-Eastern Ru’us al-Jibal (Musandam Peninsula), UAE occupies a large portion of land which flanks the Southern Shores of the Arabian Gulf between the Gulf of Oman and the Qatar Peninsula (Gonzalez 87). While forming United Arab Emirates after British withdrawal, the seven emirates formed a federation that created the government (Aldosari 116). Much of UAE’s land consist of relatively low lying rolling dunes in a country located at the South East of Arabian Peninsula in the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula (Oliver 73). Al
Abstract The relationship between tourism and conservation is particularly important to the UAE because its rapid economic growth has made the country a notable source of outbound tourism. This study aimed to find out the perception of Emiratis towards environmental and cultural conservation. The method of research used to collect data was the survey technique. Through its adoption, the researcher gathered the views of 40 Emiratis who expressed mixed views regarding environmental and cultural conservation in the UAE. The mixed reviews stemmed from the informants’ awareness of the need to conserve the environment and their failure to align their behaviors with the goals of environmental conservation. This paper recommends that more Emiratis should be educated about environmental and cultural conservation to improve their appreciation for sustainable tourism. This recommendation aligns with the need to embrace sustainable development in the UAE. Background The high number of people who are traveling today for business or pleasure purposes has elevated the profile of tourism as a promising economic sector. The tourism industry is also a top income earner for many countries and a significant source of employment for many people around the world (UNESCO, 2018). However, like other economic sectors, different challenges affect the growth of the tourism industry. They include environmental pollution, loss of cultural heritage, and social dislocation (Szell & Hallett, 2013). To manage such issues, the concept of sustainable tourism has been adopted around the world as a framework to help different communities and countries benefit from tourism while preserving the environment and cultural heritage of the people affected (UNESCO, 2018). Nonetheless, the future of tourism is largely influenced by stakeholder perceptions towards environmental and cultural conservation (Chang, 2017). Tourists are major stakeholders in the tourism sector because they influence the design of conservation and sustainability programs. Their motivation to conserve the environment also affects how well they complement efforts to protect ecosystems (Romero-Brito, Buckley, & Byrne, 2016). The role of tourists as stakeholders in environmental sustainability has been explored by researchers such as Bennett and Dearden (2014) who point out the need to integrate travelers as partners in conservation. However, aligning environmental and cultural sustainability goals in the tourism industry largely depends on the proper understanding of the views of tourists regarding sustainability and conservation in the first place. Research Gap For many years, researchers have explored the perceptions of tourists towards conservation. However, most of their studies have used samples from western countries and a few selected Asian nations. Therefore, a few of them have focused on the Middle East. At the same time, even fewer studies have explored the perceptions of UAE citizens regarding environmental and cultural conservation. Therefore, a research gap exists in understanding the views of UAE citizens regardi
Business ethics is concerned with moral philosophy, truth, Consultants fairness and justice pertains to the code that guides the professional conduct of aspects such as the expectations of society and customers, social responsibility, consumer autonomy and corporate behavior in global and domestic markets (Rasmusse, 2005). Corporate social responsibilities mean those activities that a business does to improve the living conditions of the society that the business is conducted. With globalization and increase in people awareness of their rights, there have been calls for conducting business ethically. Pablo, in the “ Journal of Business Ethics applauds the ethical behaviors within an organization; ethics in business means conducting a business in socially, economically, politically and environmentally friendly manner (Pablo, 2008). This paper discusses the relationship between law and ethical business behavior. The relationship between law and ethical behavior Ethics are moral standards code of conduct that a person or a company uphold; law on the other hand represent the legal pathway that an organization should follow to be operating within a certain economy. Just like business law, codes of ethics are not international but vary between individuals and companies. People, who uphold ethical reasoning in their actions, do not fail into transgression; they neither find themselves in the wrong side of the law. People who uphold high respect for their ethics not only do the right thing and have peace of mind; but also are also able to transform episodes of temptations to their benefit. They are also able to influence other people to an acceptable behavior. Organizations code of ethics defines how an organization responds to internal or external stimulus. In most organizations, they are in blue prints and an internal policy. They form part of organizational training needs. Organizations that uphold high respects for their code of ethics maintain good internal and external relations with their stakeholders (Kingsolver, 2008). Laws that operate in an economy are supposed to offer the pathway and directions of the morally and ethically accepted behavior that businesses are supposed to uphold; this does not imply that all ethical behavior have a legal backing. According to utilitarian theory of ethics, it puts weight on the individual who is undertaking a certain duty; the same way with laws, despite some laws focus a industry, they are applicable at an individual level, individual may mean natural or artificial person (Moon, 2001). The focus here is not the consequences like the case of Consequentialism theory, but on the people who are involved. It is based on the motive or the character portrayed by the person who has made a certain action. The most important thing in this theory is the development of the desired right virtues that an individual should have at all times. It follows the same approach as legal laws and rights that a countries constitution offers to its citizens. The virtues should dictate/influence the kind of decision that a company t
Introduction While Andy Warhol was the pop in pop art, it is still undeniable that other visual artists of another time or calibre be as equally popular. Roy Lichtenstein is one such artist that even modern duplicators of pop art acknowledge, if popularity and saleability are concerned. This paper shall try to present an appreciation to the works as well as influences of Roy Lichtenstein who may have remained one of Pop arts more influential artist. Discussion Today, Roy Lichtenstein’s work is often mass-produced with other woks of art of Jim Dine, Robert Indiana, Donald Sultan, Brian Hunt, Stone Roberts, or Andy Warhol ordered from all over the US, Canada, Britain and even China and India (Toia, 2007). It is quite twisting to consider that Lichtenstein was called the master of the stereotype side by side as the most sophisticated of the major Pop artists in terms of his analysis of visual convention and ironic exploitation of past styles (Lucie-Smith, 1999).It was suggested that the work for which Lichtenstein is known for was the product of a long apprenticeship. The Works of Lichtenstein Some of the easily accessible works of Lichtenstein include 1962’s Blam and Takka Takka, 1963’s In the Car and Whaam!, and 1964’s Temple of Apollo. Others include Bananas & Grapefruit #1, Still Life with Goldfish Bowl and Painting of a Golf Ball, Still Life with Glass and Peeled Lemon, Still Life with Silver Pitcher (1972), 1973’s Still Life with Crystal Bowl, 1974’s Cubist Still Life with Playing Cards (1974), Still Life with Lamp, Still Life with Folded Sheets (1976), Go for Baroque, Dr. Waldmann (1979), Jar and Apples (1980), 1983 Painting Near Window (1983) mostly in Oil and Magna on canvas (Art Archive, 2007). Smith (2007) described Lichtenstein’s works exhibited January at James Goodman Gallery in 41 East 57th Street, Manhattan as, “elegant, buoyant canvases may be as close as 20th-century painting gets to Mozart.” She noted the boundless optimism expressed in its unwavering celebration of popular culture as it is “cool, straightforward craftsmanship; and its intricate, eye-popping, often witty perfection,” comparing it to Mozart’s as always an unsentimental romantic, at times innocent or sceptic. Smith (2007) proposed that Lichtenstein posited the future as bright as the “past and present gave him so much to work with.” (p. E.2:42) In addition, Smith (2007) suggested that, the perfect