ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Over the course of a few last decades, numerous studies on leadership have emerged. One of the areas where leadership skills are considered important is nursing. In this paper, we will describe the main characteristics of the transformational leadership, and summarize a scholarly article (Hutchinson & Jackson, 2013) reviewing literature on this leadership style. We will also assess our own leadership style and see whether it aligns well with the transformational model of leadership. The transformational leadership style has been given most attention in the nursing research (Hutchinson & Jackson, 2013, p. 11-12). A transformational leader is usually described as a charismatic person who leads their followers by providing a vision, giving them challenges, inspiring and motivating them to reach high organizational goals that transform the organization and improve its position; the followers are also supposed to develop in the process. Transformational leaders are often expected to possess innumerable positive characteristics that would allow them to lead their followers and develop their company (Marshall, 2011, p. 28). Transformational leadership in nursing is addressed in the article by Hutchinson & Jackson (2013). The authors critically discuss the theory of transformational leadership, providing a short description of the theory of this style of leadership, proceeding to discussing the limitations and drawbacks of this model, as well as of the research on the transformational leadership theory specifically in the nursing context. The authors found out that the popular transformational leadership model suffers from numerous restrictions. For instance, they state that leadership is often interpreted dichromatically, either as transformational or transactional, which means that studies often concentrate only on either task-focused interactions or on communicating ideas of change and inspiring transformation; such phenomena as power, domination, politics, etc. are often not addressed. Leaders are usually viewed as some type of heroic and distant individuals, those who inspire their followers from above, encouraging positive changes. Also, it is stated that little attention is paid to leader integrity; leaders must cause their followers attain organizational goals and develop, but moral issues are rarely stressed. In fact, it is stated that narcissistic leadership has many similar traits with the transformational style. It is also mentioned that leadership theorists pay little attention to the negative sides of leadership, which means that avoidant or immoral leadership behaviors often remain unexamined. Cultural and gender issues are underrepresented in the literature on transformational leadership as well. In addition, the studies on leadership practice often suffer from numerous methodological drawbacks. The authors point out that transformational leadership studies focus attention on “the characteristics of leaders and their vertical influence over followers” (Hutchinson & Jackson, 2013, p. 18). T
Pablo Picasso was a renowned Spanish artist and sculptor, and one of the most recognized figures of the 20 th century. As one of the founders of an art movement called Cubism, he left a very rich legacy that inspired many. Although much has been said and written on the topic of Pablo Picasso’s life and work, he still interests the general public and art experts and often is a subject of art-related newspaper and magazine articles, TV programs, or even other artworks. In his article The Minotaur and the Muse: Picasso’s Carmen Fixation , Alan Riding turns his attention to the subject of Pablo Picasso and the sources of his inspiration that Picasso found in women. The article was published in May 2007 in The New York Times newspaper and reflects never-fading interest in Picasso’s life and works, as well as the fact that new aspects and angles of his art are continuously found and brought to the light. The article focuses on the relationship of Pablo Picasso with his female muses, both real and fictional. While he had a very rich and diverse personal life, many mistresses were married twice and had four children, Picasso often turned his attention to the imaginary female characters. It seems very natural that Picasso, born in Spain, at some point of his career grew to employ the themes and motifs inspired by Carmen – one of the richest Spanish characters in world literature. His imaginary relationship with this passionate and provocative woman found their reflection not only in the portrait entitled Carmen that he painted early in his career, but also in some of Picasso’s finest portraits (such as the portrait of Benedetta Canals , 1905). Additionally, the animal passions embedded into the world-famous image of Carmen also were depicted in Picasso’s works, namely in many of the paintings of Spanish bullfights, and the theme of Carmen is present elsewhere in Picasso’s works through his expression of love, rebellion, and freedom. Picasso lived through times of great changes: World War I and World War II, the Spanish Civil War, as well as other important political, cultural, and national events. Even though h
In order to understand the long-term economic impact that the revolution had on France, one needs to first have a general idea of what their economic situation was like at the beginning of the revolution and during the revolution. In 1789 when the revolution began the nation was in an immense amount of debt, (See, 1968, p. 93) most of which was blamed heavily on the war. Even though the war was responsible for the larger portion of the debt it was not the only reason for the overwhelming debt that France was in. There were other circumstances that added to the situation. The financiers that were in charge of making financial decision then were not as reliable as they should have been. For them, the idea of clearing the people of France from debt was to borrow money from international countries. This would not necessarily be a bad thing if they had also developed an appropriate plan to repay these additional debts. However, they did come up with a plan which later proved to be unsuccessful. They came up with “assignats” which was a compulsory currency, in fact it was more like a bond that obligates them to make payments which during those time would be a piece of land or a church property (Thom,182). This came to an end when the value of the assignats dropped and it became more and more unaccepted as a form of payment. And at this time the country plunged into even more debt. The financiers did not only create assignats, but they also decided to increase taxes to assist with the paying off of the country’s debt. The increase of taxes did not favor the economy, but it took a turn for the worst, it actually led to one of the hardest time the French population had to experience. During this time the nation experienced riots, famine and people dying from hunger (Shovlin, 119). This did not affect the Nobles and Wealthy as much since they had already accumulated property. They used their money and wealth to bribe the King (Louis XVI) yearly so as to exempt them and their families from this tax increase; and meanwhile the poor and middle class families were struggling to pay their taxes and keep their families alive. It was very hard during that time for the farmers and merchants because when the tax collectors collected their taxes it was even higher than it really should be, this was because the tax collectors themselves would add more to the amount, which they later used feed their families and fatten themselves. However, it was during these hard times that the government and the financiers decided to inform the people of France of how much debt that they were really in (Shovlin, 218). The French Revolution, which began in the year 1789, was a very difficult time for France. The nation ventured through several unsuccessful methods of trying to manage the economical problems they were facing. The public (the French people) or the communities of France were unaware because most parts of the country were in debt. With years of trial and failure, France was able to plough its way through patriotism to gain back some form of stability to their country’s econ
IT Audit and Testing Windows Operating System Image 1. Administrative vulnerabilities Image 2. SQL Server Scan Results Image 3. SQL Server Scan Results Image 4. Instance MSSQL12E.LOCALDB Image 5. Instance QSRNVIVO10 As seen from Images 1-4, some of the most serious security issues include the MBSA’s inability to test Windows Firewall due to an error. The MBSA detected that the Automatic Updates system service is not configured even though the best practice is for it to be started as Automatic. The security check discovered that autologin is configured on this computer, meaning that anyone who is able to obtain access to the computer can retrieve all the computer’s contents. The MBSA failed to run a local account password test. It discovered that some of the users of this computer have blank or simple passwords, and four out of five of them use non-expiring passwords. To improve the security of this computer, it is recommended to enable password expiration for the SQL server accounts. On the positive side, the MBSA reported that other common administrative vulnerabilities have been avoided. For instance, as per the report (see Image 1), all hard drives (1) are using the NTFS (New Technology File System) file system, a proprietary journaling system developed by Microsoft. This computer does not support guest accounts and restricts anonymous access, which improves its security. On top of that, as Instance QSRNVIVO10 has shown (see Image 4), guest accounts are not permitted on any of the databases. Lastly, this computer is run by no more than two administrators. The additional information obtained during the MBSA check has shown that neither login success nor logon failure auditing is enabled. It is recommended to enable auditing and turn on auditing in the case of specific events such as logon and logoff. This measure would be helpful with monitoring the event log to identify unauthorized access. As for unnecessary services, none were found during the check. For some reason, the software was unable to figure out which version of Windows was used and reported that the computer was running Microsoft Windows Unknown. SQL server scan has demonstrated one vulnerability and two positive results. Firstly, it turned out that the permissions on the SQL Server and/or MSDE installation folders were not set in the best way possible. On the other hand, Instance MSSQL12E.LOCALDB (Image 3) suggests that folder permissions are in perfect order. Further, the SQL server scan has shown that SQL Server, SQL Server Agent, MSDE, and/or MSDE Agent service accounts were not members of the local Administrators group. This implies that they cannot run as LocalSystem, which would be a threat to the security of the computer. The same results were obtained as reported by Instance MSSQL12E.LOCALDB (see Image 3), so the check was passed. Lastly, the MBSA has found no issues with SQL Server/MSDE Security Mod. The report shows (see Image 2) that SQL Server and/or MSDE authentication mode is set to Windows Only. However, as seen from Image 3, SQL Server and/or MSDE authenti
The radio and television industry came into existence much later than the print media in the United States and elsewhere. When advertisers began actively using television and radio as a medium of advertising, data about popularity and viewership were hard to come by. In the case of print media, circulation figures were considered to be enough evidence about readership levels. This not was possible when rating TV and radio show popularity. “Since 1930, when a group called the Co-operative Analysis of Broadcasting conducted one of the first audience surveys for radio, several individuals and companies have attempted to provide syndicated audience information.” (Wimmer & Dominick, 2005). This particular area is now dominated by two major corporations namely Nielsen Media Research and Arbitron (local market radio). This paper studies the Nielsen Media Research Company, its history, products, strengths, weaknesses, etc. Examples of measurement, data, and its collection methods will also be presented. Nielsen Media Research History The Company has its origin way back in 1926 when it was founded by an engineer named Arthur C Nielsen and was called A. C. Nielsen Company. The company was one of the pioneers in market research. The group was split into AC Nielsen and Nielsen Media Research as a strategic move. In 2001, both these companies were acquired by a Dutch corporation called VNU. The present name of the group is The Nielsen Company. Apart from the United States, the company operates in forty other countries across the world. (About Neilson, 2008). According to the website, Nielson Media Research has the following sister corporations namely Nielsen//NetRatings (internet activity research), Nielsen EDI (box office research), Nielsen NRG (Hollywood), Nielsen ReelResearch (TV program and advertising material research), Nielsen SoundScan, Nielsen VideoScan, and Nielsen BookScan, Nielsen Monitor-Plus and Nielsen Outdoor billboard viewership). The headquarters of Nielsen Media Research is located in New York and its operations headquarters is in Florida. Apart from this, the company has regional offices throughout the country. Products The Company provides products and services to the following categories of customers. They are advertisers, broadcast networks, local stations, Hispanic stations, Hispanic networks, and national cable networks. It is to be noted that all of the following information (unless otherwise indicated) has been sourced from the relevant pages on the Company website. Advertisers Nielsen offers a comprehensive range of products and services to advertisers. The company states that their flagship product is Ad Views®, which is a software that provides advertising activity (of competitors also) in 210 markets across the country. It will help to analyze the ROI of an advertising campaign. Other products include Galaxy Explorer (comprehensive viewership), KeepingTrac (ad airing verification), NPOWER (audience behavior), Quick Views (compet
Introduction Costco Company is a wholesale corporation that runs an international chain of membership warehouses, designed to help the small and medium sized businesses to reduce costs in purchasing for resale. Apart from reducing costs, these warehouses present one of the largest exclusive product category selections under one roof. Costco is known for profit making, and has grown from a zero to nearly over a three billion-dollar seller in less than six years span. The secret behind its success is its strategy of selling products at low prices but at high volumes. This paper analyses Costco annual reports for the year ended August 31, 2010 and gives reasons why an investor should make this firm his choice. Summary of the CEO letter to shareholders In this letter, the top officials are very optimistic about the year 2010, having been disappointed by the past two years. Though the year 2010 was characterized by fragile economic conditions in most of their markets, the year produced a record in terms of sales and earnings. This record sale is seen by Costco’s achievement of $7.63 billion sales in 2010 up from $69.9 billion sales in 2009, a net earning of $1.3 billion, and an eighteen percent increase in earning per share. Despite the uncertainty in the economy in 2010, members who shopped in the Costco warehouses increased by four percent spending three percent more than they did in 2009. Most of the members shop in their fifty-six stores, which recorded over two hundred million dollars in sales in 2010 with two of them giving more than three hundred million dollars. In terms of expenditures, the letter estimates Costco’s costs to be nearly one billion dollars on capital expenditures. This big capital expenditure is justified in Costco’s plan to open nearly five hundred and eighty two warehouses in operation around the world to meet the increasing strong demand. Costco management is among the most experience in warehouse retail business, as they compose of people who have worked with the company for a number of years. This experience makes them at a proper position to accomplish the firm’s objectives. This pool of professionals enables Costco to remain a dominant warehouse club operator with over six hundred million loyal members and ninety percent of th
The given work is devoted to the analysis of the main aspects of adult learning. Such issues as the environment and three main kinds of learning, which are formal, non formal, and informal, are analyzed. Moreover, their importance for adult learners is discussed, and some suggestions are given. At the end of the work, the conclusion is made. There is no use in denying the fact that education plays a vital role in the life of people. Nowadays, it is rather difficult to achieve success without having a good base which is usually given at some college or institute. That is why people who want to become successful try to obtain a good education. Besides, there is a great number of adult learners who have also recognized the significance of education and are eager to obtain the needed knowledge. Thus, the process of education of adults has its own peculiarities, which differ from the traditional one. With this in mind, it is possible to analyze this issue to understand the main aspects of its functioning, First of all, it should be said that there is a great variety of adult learners and, that is why there are also many various learning environments which they access. It should be said that nowadays, adults decide to obtain an education because of the influence of a great number of different factors, however, globalization, demographics, and technology are the most important among them (Linder, n.d.). They introduce some changes to society and make people study in order to be able to respond to these changes. It should also be said that adults associate formal education with lectures at some universities and teachers who give them. Though at the same time, speaking about informal education, they mention a great number of different environments. With this in mind, it is possible to say that great importance in adult education should be given to such types of settings as formal, non formal and informal (Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner, 2007). Formal education is highly institutionalized and organized in accordance with a certain curriculum (Merriam et al., 2007). At the same time, the term non formal education is used to determine a certain set of learning activities and possibilities outside the formal education system (Merriam et al., 2007). These propositions are very often voluntary and usually have a certain curriculum that regulates their functioning ( What is non formal learning? n.d.). Finally, informal learning is a process that goes every day at home, in the workplace, or somewhere else (Merriam et al., 2007). There is no curriculum, and a person obtains knowledge in the known organized way (Crawford, n.d). It should also be admitted that this very kind of learni
American literature is a varied and broad subject, with many discussions started and concluded over the years to portray the intricacies of the human condition on paper. Some authors were more concerned with writing fictional narratives, while others attempted to describe, relay or retell events familiar to them. Prose and poems, novels, thrillers, dramas, character explorations, and simple stories, were all written to convey a message, to reach a particular audience and strike at their heart, to connect in a way that is only possible through genuine emotion. Many of such works are still fondly remembered or well-kept to this day, posing as writings of great significance and unique entries to their respective genres. Although the selection process for the things that ultimately get remembered can be quite unfair, I think the books and writings that got cemented as the literary canon are still worth knowing about, discussing, and remembering. Through reading such stories, one can not only get to understand the lives, values, and thought processes of people long gone but also find what makes literature memorable. The kinds of impact stories have, the constant themes of literature, and the ways that people can be portrayed and described, all can be learned by studying the canons. Speaking of stories and their impact, I want to further discuss and share my thoughts on one such piece, “ A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson ”, written by the titular Mary Rowlandson. The story is notably a part of the so-called “captivity narrative” category, which is categorized as narratives about being in captivity of a foreign entity. The piece depicts the personal account of the author and describes the life she had to lead during the 11 months of her captivity by Native Americans. The story has an interesting presentation, and the tone it establishes is also somewhat unique. The descriptions of the events leading up to her capture are told in a manner that displays a lot of the horror and drama of a violent confrontation and presents the author’s emotions well. This kind of beginning serves well to establish the basic premise of the piece and build emotional investment. The emotional state and the approach Mary takes to her experience are also evident, as the entirety of the description is filled with religious undertones. I think that the piece captures the thought process of a deeply pious person of that period in an intriguing manner. How the lady attempts to both rationalize and explain the events as a God’s trial and interjects her faith into the descriptions is very fascinating. Mary’s relationship with the natives is also peculiar, as it cannot be understood on a strict binary. While the event of taking people into captivity is certainly not a good thing, that practice was rather common in earlier p
SIOP is an acronym that stands for Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol. This academic program is a product of the United States department of education which funds and overseers its implementation (Moss, and Puma, 2004). According to Echevarria, (2006) the purpose of this academic model is to ensure that students who are learning the English language are capable of accessing the content within the grading system (mathematics, social studies, and art). The program expects the teachers to make changes in their methods of teaching in which students learning English will comprehend. The program entails the implementation of strategies that encourage and facilitate interaction among students and language practice. The discussion below entails elements of a program in which first-grade level teachers may implement into their teaching curriculum for purposes of rendering the first-grade content