ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Breaking bad news in a health care setting simply refers to the way medical practitioners communicate unpleasant information to clients and their families as well as other people close to them. The term “bad news” has various meanings to different communities across the world. Some of the common definitions of the notion adopted by different cultures would include the following: a message which may imply that a person has limited choices in his/her life, a situation where there is a likelihood of a serious threat to one’s physical or mental well-being, and finally, a kind of information which may bring adverse effects on people’s perceptions, especially about their future lives. Some examples of bad news to patients can be observed when they are informed that they are HIV positive or that they have been diagnosed with cancer or any other high-risk disease. In most cases, the bad news is likely to bring serious health problems to targeted patients. These problems, which may be characterized by deficits in behavioral, emotional, and cognitive aspects of human life, may persist for a long while after they have been delivered. The delivery of bad news to patients and clients in hospitals is actually one of the most complicated and demanding tasks that doctors have to deal with in the course of their daily routines in healthcare facilities. The reason this subject is chosen for analysis is that the delivery of bad news to patients has emerged as the most challenging and complex communication task that doctors have to deal with in hospitals. Coming up with bad news has never been easy for doctors and other professionals in the healthcare sector. The main reason for thi
In the context of present-day developments, figures saved and produced via modern gadgets and devices, may contribute to the clarification of the happening in the process of investigation. It may provide essential information on the guilt of a particular individual, his or her appearance, and the sequence of events in general (“Obtaining data from digital”, 2021). Therefore, there is the necessity to train police officers on the basis of digital investigations and digital forensics. The focus of the project is police officers in Abu Dhabi, and the police investigations should be over a period of a year. The objective is to clarify the influence of digital evidence and legislation background. Work Breakdown Structure Figure 1. Work Breakdown Structure for the Course. In order to provide workers with comprehensive training, it is essential to divide the project into a breakdown structure. In general, the whole working process may be divided into four stages, which are depicted in Figure 1. They are preparation of the course, attracting the participants, providing the information, and giving licenses (The Police ICT Company Ltd., 2019). As a project manager, I should establish appropriate objectives, covering all the details of the working process. In addition, I should take into consideration possible risks, such as the likelihood of lockdown conditions, and control the execution. The last duty regards project closure, conducting in-depth analysis, and leading lessons learned. Project Planning Phases Figure 2. Project Timeline. The work breakdown structure matches the project planning phases and milestones, which is demonstrated in Graph 2. The first one is the preparation stage, which should be started on 1 st July 2021 and finished by 1sy August 2021. The second one is attracting participants and potential clients via different methods, which should be completed within 25 th August 2021. The third step is conducting the course, both theoretical and
The in-depth examination of the acid-base balance is a fundamental concept in promoting critical assessment of the patients and recognizing the imbalances influence on their overall wellbeing. An appropriate balance between acid and base in the human body is crucial for “maintaining homeostasis and optimal cellular function” (Straight Nursing, 2019, para. 1). More specifically, the normal range for a serum pH level is 7.35 to 7.45. When the serum has an excess of acid, the pH number is low and, vice versa, the excess of the base in blood makes the pH number rise. Understanding the causes of acidosis and alkalosis concepts and their different types is crucial for the future of nurse practitioners in defining the underlying condition or disease of the patient. Defining the Issue Acidosis and alkalosis refer to the arterial blood gases (ABGs), a laboratory test developed to evaluate respiratory status, metabolic status, and acid-base balance. The test is implemented by measuring the acidity (pH) and levels of serum oxygen and carbon dioxide (Walsh & Hurst, 2017). Interpretation of arterial blood gases is a critical step to determine whether the patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis/alkalosis or metabolic acidosis/alkalosis. The test also helps to define whether the body initiated compensatory mechanisms to restore a neutral level of pH. It is also important to note that mortality is associated more common in the circumstances with mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis and mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis. Figure 1. Acid-base imbalance can result from respiratory factors, metabolic factors, or a combination of the two The acid-base imbalances encompass the following types of the analyzed conditions, including metabolic acidosis and alkalosis and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. The acid-base balance is regulated by three systems, such as the” buffer system (metabolic), kidneys (metabolic), and the lungs (respiratory)” (Mohammed & Abdelatief, 2016) (Fig. 1). Metabolic acidosis results from any nonpulmonary condition that promotes an excess of acids in the blood. Metabolic alkalosis is caused by any nonpulmonary condition that leads to an excess of bases instead. Metabolic alkalosis can also result from prolonged vomiting, hyperaldosteronism, and diuretic therapy (Walsh & Hurst, 2017). Respiratory acidosis is a pH level imbalance caused by alveolar hypoventilation and an accumulation of carbon dioxide and can be acute or chronic. Respiratory alkalosis results from the excessive decrease of carbon dioxide through hyperventilation (Fig. 2). It is considered the most commonly occurring acid-base imbalance among the patients. Figure 2. Acid-base disorders Implications for Nursing The normal pH level of blood is essential for the body systems to maintain proper functioning. The particular mechanisms are in a position to ensure a state of acid-base balance within the blood at all times. Therefore, it is crucial to understand within a nursing practice that considerable modifications from this optimal range might interfere with cellular functioning and, ultimately, death, if not treated
It may be very difficult to determine what is right or wrong globally owing to the fact that this normally differs from own region to another depending on the concerned community’s culture and beliefs. For instance in the Islamic communities, it is normally wrong to wear any kind of attire that exposes the body, but wearing long robes and the veils which are considered as the proper clothing for the female is declared good character. Character can be defined in simple terms as the behavior of a person that determines the kind of person an individual is. It normally indicates whether a person will efficiently achieve the goals set for him or her, be straight in dealing with others and whether the person will obey the rules and laws set by the organization, group or even community that he or she belongs. Character is normally developed as a result of learning a behavior from parents, teachers or peers. It normally relate to one’s attitudes and values. Even though character is learned from childhood, it may vary or change as the individual undergoes different situations and experiences. For instance, a company manager may be very demanding and strict to his or her employees but liberal and understanding to his or her children. Character is normally taught from childhood and sometimes, it may be quite difficult to change the already learned values and attitudes. Individual may be forced to transform his or her character if it does not favor him or her. Take for instance a person who may have been brought up in a liberal kind of family set up in which him or her was allowed to make their own decisions; he/she may find it quite difficult working in an environment where he or she has to strictly follow orders. He or she may therefore be forced to change his or her character in order to be able to survive in this kind of environment. Good character can be determined by assessing given traits in an individual. The presence of these traits makes a person to be considered as having good character. These traits include trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship among others. Trustworthiness implies being honest, reliable and loyal. An individual who cheats steals and is not loyal is considered to lack trustworthiness and therefore lacks a good character. Respect implies being considerate or conscious of other peoples feelings when handling them. It involves being tolerant to other people’s indifferences towards you. People normally tend to associate respect to authority; the belief that respect should always come from the juniors to the seniors. Respect is two way and should always be reciprocated by the individual
Healthcare has been an essential component of any functioning society since the dawn of civilization. This vast discipline, with all its diverse specializations, supports the health of the population, enabling a better quality of life and sustainable development. In this regard, healthcare remains in a state of constant development, as it is tightly connected to the general evolution patterns of society. In other words, as humanity relies on new values and goals, the field of healthcare is to adjust accordingly. Another factor determining the evolution of the sphere is related to the development of technology and new methods of medical procedures. However, in the 21st century, globalization remains one of the key trends, the effect of which permeates most areas of human activity. In the case of healthcare, this idea is often perceived as the necessity to provide equal medical opportunities on a universal, worldwide basis. Nevertheless, the question of whether such a level can be attained remains a subject of intense discussions. On the global scale, the matter at hand is primarily embedded in the work of the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO is an international alliance of experts in the field of healthcare and adjacent disciplines that unites over 8,000 professionals (WHO, 2021). The primary goal of the organization is to coordinate the world’s efforts in terms of disease prevention, emergency response, and public health initiatives. The authority of the alliance is generally recognized by most governments of the globe, which take into consideration the WHO’s stance on health-related affairs worldwide. Furthermore, the role of the organization has been strengthened by the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which showed the importance of a coordinated response. However, such efforts are associated with the inherent challenges of globalization that are the product of different perspectives on topical matters, as well as the variations in living standards, values, and traditions across different countries. In the new age of societal development, the views of healthcare as a basic human right have become the leading paradigm. In this regard, such principles align with the modern values upon which the civilization of the 21st century is built. From an ethical perspective, people have become the central element of any functioning society of today. The world is driven not by politics or the economy but by all individuals whose collective efforts enable progress and development. As such, it is society’s obligation to provide these people with access to better living standards and medical services in return. International law supports this perspective, as suggested by the global experience. More specifically, Bloom et al. (2019) report that universal health coverage has been prioritized by all members of the G20, as well as the United Nations and the WHO. These are the key organizations that unite the world’s leading nations and minds. Such an agenda ref
The new Utley management would like to establish a pay-for-performance system. What does this mean to the Utley management? Pay for performance system will have a possible number of consequences to the Utley management, these effects will be mainly centered on the way that the system is incorporated into the organization, the culture of the organization, the perception of the employees in the organization and how open the system will be as regards to its targets. In any organization, payment issues are considerably sensitive and it thus requires a positive tactical approach to achieve the desired results. As proposed by Blinder (2002) pay for performance system will work differently for different organizations. This is mainly because of the culture of the organization and the perception of the employees regarding the fairness of the system. The Utley management ought to understand that there are advantages and disadvantages of implementing the system. On a positive note, the existing system on the employee’s performance appraisal has received negative perception from the employees; the introduction of the new system may be a major relief to the management and the employees of the organization. This will be the case only if the system meets the fundamental requirements of a pay-for performance system and is also properly integrated into the organization. The major objectives for this system includes but not limited to the following; employees will be motivated to be more productive as the results links direct with the payments of rewards in the organization, the employees will feel fairness in the system as they will be rewarded based on their efforts, and the continuous check and balance system will also guarantee the fairness of the system. To the management, they will require adequate funding of the system, supportive organization culture that can integrate payment for performance system, adequate training for supervisors and the employees, fair and effective supervisors and ongoing system evaluation process that ensures fairness. To the management of the Utley, this system will mean fairness, performance oriented organization and thus increase in the production of the company’s employees. The ongoing check and balance system will ensure that the system runs smoothly and necessary system modification done with regard to the changing time, culture and the size of the organization. What changes will have to be made in the way the system operates now? The system operation at the moment has received negative perception from the employees mai
Social responsibility plays a significant role in any company’s work since it influences all the processes within the organization as well as its collaboration with stakeholders. As one of the largest social platforms, Facebook is highly dependent on its corporate social image. During the past few years, the organization has been at the center of major disputes over the level of privacy protection and ethical considerations. The paper analyses Facebook’s social responsibility and ethical decision-making and offers a three-step revised strategic plan for further work. The Analysis of Social Responsibility Present-day social responsibility standards and norms are very strict due to the need to include a variety of aspects. According to European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), social networks need to maintain such data subject rights as breach notification, the right to be forgotten, data portability, the right to access, and privacy by design (“GDPR key changes,” n.d.). Currently, Facebook cannot boast a high level of privacy protection and transparency (Shackelford, 2018). In this respect, Facebook’s strategic plan cannot be regarded as compliant since the company has faced many issues related to the reliability of data shared on the website (Wells & Winkler, 2017). Facebook’s present strategy plan has some problems that form potential risks both to internal and external stakeholders, such as users, employees, advertisers, communities, and governments (Kissinger, 2018). At present, the major gap is the inability to protect the website from deceitful information (Wells & Winkler, 2017). Significant threats resulting from this gap are the loss of revenue, the inability to protect private data, and, most importantly, wrong decisions based on untruthful information obtained from Facebook. As many as two-thirds of Facebook users consider the platform as their main source of receiving news (Wells & Winkler, 2017). Therefore, the present strategy plan hurts users by falsifying their opinions. For employees, the plan’s negative impact is undermined corporate loyalty and the inclination to leave the job (Wells & Winkler, 2017). The evolution of strategic planning in Facebook could have been affected by the rapid development of competitor platforms and applications. Unlike its major rivals, such as WhatsApp, Twitter, MySpace, and others, Facebook offers more options, which does not always lead to beneficial results (Wells & Winkler, 2017). For instance, the decision to add news articles to the platform’s features led to claims against Facebook and its political involvement in the last U.S. elections (Wells & Winkler
In order for a merger to succeed, organizational cultures of the companies involved have to be consistent. The greater the extent to which cultures of merging companies differ, the higher the chances of succession failure. In a merger process, an agreement is adopted that specifies the approaches that could be utilized to retain customers. With regard to merging of firms, three cultural issues have been identified (Sinkin & Putney, 2014). First, organizational issues are important in shaping the culture of an organization. These issues are quite diverse and they address aspects such as work ethic, mobility, policies and procedures, and organic versus acquired growth Second, client issues involve customer aspects that are important in the sales of products of a company. Some of the aspects in this context include the following: billing procedures, client demographics, staff advantage, and specialists versus generalists (Sinkin & Putney, 2014). Third, owner’s issues focus on the inner aspects of a firm with regard to issues such as owner’s agreement, compensation level and range, and owner’s compensation system. The results of the evaluation of these aspects determine whether a firm can successfully merge with another company (Sinkin & Putney, 2014). It is essential for merger deals to consider the effect of cultural differences in the success of mergers. In fact, the best way to manage cultural differences is to execute a strategy of changing cultural variations between merging firms. For example, owner-level billing rates could be changed in order to eliminate cultural differences that could negatively impact a merger. Reference Sinkin, J., & Putney, T. (2014). Eleventh in a series: How to assess and manage the most important factor in accounting firm mergers . Web.
Introduction The ‘ Cask of Amontillado’ is a literary classic story, which can pass as an ordinary narrative piece of literature to the average ordinary reader. To readers with a critical eye however, the figurative speech, and the hyperbole contained in the story cannot go unnoticed. Figurative/symbolic expressions Irony – Montresor, who is committed to punishing a perceived wrong, is also committed to carrying out a wrong without being punished for it. By his own admission, Montressor states that “a wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser” (Poe 3). As such, Montressor states that he would punish the person who inflicted him with injuries, because to him, the wrongs committed against him were worthy of punishment. Ironically, though, Montresor states that he would be avenging insults with death, since he perceived that as the ultimate revenge. Unfortunately, Fortunato seems not to have suffered the pain of dying, as Montresor would have liked. Paradox – Montresor triggers a paradox by juxtaposing in the same sentence the phrase “punish with impunity,” two words that are ordinarily antithetical. As human nature would have it, people are often quicker to see weaknesses in other while ignoring their more apparent flaws. As such, Montresor finds his companion’s “transgression” worthy of the cruelest death, and believes that his cause is so right that he deserves to get away with it. Sarcasm – In human speech, very few styles of expression are as cruel as sarcasm. Although in this case Fortunato is ignorant of the sarcasm, Montresor is nevertheless invoking it when he says, “my dear Fortunato, you are luckily met”’ (Poe 3). It is as if Montresor, if he were understood for his true intentions, were saying, ‘It is your ill-luck that you have met me today’. It is often the cruele
Educational strategies are the instructional methods and the learning activities used in imparting knowledge and skills to the learners. Mathematics being an abstract and empirical subject requires exciting ways to drive home the concepts and facts. To achieve this, mathematics teachers use several strategies which are not limited to gaming, problem-solving, group work, discussions, and research work. Gaming is a strategy in which the teacher engages the students in games such as digital cards to solve problems. It helps develop psychomotor and communication skills of the learners even though time consuming. Problem-solving is a strategy in which the teacher illustrates using well done examples to the learners to guide them in organizing their solutions. It is more efficient in giving guidance to the learners in solving their problems but the strategy lacks in-depth analysis of the concept. Group work is a strategy in which the teacher organizes students into small groups to solve problems. It improves learner’s communication skills as well as participation. Discussion is a strategy in which the teacher simply gives guidance to the learners as they solve problems, it gives the students an opportunity to have a broader view of the concept as well as develop confidence. However, it is time consuming and leads to unequal participation. Research work is a strategy in which learners carry out further study to ascertain a concept or fact enabling them to have full mastery of the concept as they are able to extensively research. If mathematics were food, I would break it into small pieces, chew it, swallow it, and digest it. In breaking it, I would use problem-solving strategy in which I would give effective problem-solving solutions to the students to act as a basis upon which learners organize their solutions as well as their thinking. In chewing it, I would organize the students into small groups so that they mull over the problems and come up with appropriate responses which enhance students’ participation in class work. In swallowing it, I would conduct class discussion in which I would choose randomly a group to come forward to explain their response before the classmates; this enables the students to evaluate the solutions and arguments of their classmates by allowing them to voice their agreements or disagreements. This would go along w