ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Some social issues have a lot more implications and insinuations attached to them than what appears on the surface. Gender Equity is one such issue which individuals are exposed to at a very young age starting right from their schooling days. Karen Stabiner in the article under consideration exemplifies and highlights the key issues associated with the topic. This article aims at critically appraising the standpoints of the author and presents a balanced perspective on the issue. The article under consideration, Title IX by Karen Stabiner, ponders over the question, “ Can Separate Ever Be Equal ?”(Stabiner, 1) and it can be stated that from a personal point of view her article is completely agreeable. The author refers to the two different sexes and mulls over the equality and justification of gender equity with respect to education. She refers to the fact that single-sex educational opportunities have their own share of positives coming along but at the same time holds the opinion that the issue should be treated with caution. In this context, the author talks about the Title I
Brief Overview Almarai is a Saudi-based company that deals with food and beverages. Located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the company is estimated to have a revenue of SR 10 billion. According to the company’s website, its mission is to provide quality and nutritious food & beverages that enrich consumers’ lives every day (Almarai, “Value Through Innovation” 1). On the same note, the company’s vision is to be the consumers’ preferred choice by leading in chosen markets with superior food & beverage products (Almarai, “Value Through Innovation” 1). History and Growth The company was launched in 1977 (Speculand 6) by two foreign brothers. Like other foreign businesses, Almarai required a local investor for it to be profitable. The management added Prince Sultan bin Mohammed bin Saud Al-Kabir as an owner. The Prince currently serves as the board chair of the company. The company recognized the importance of quality production of milk, and proper logistics, in Saudi Arabia and the larger Middle East. Thus, the initial business plan was the creation of a company that could offer quality milk production and a large logistical capacity to transport the milk to different parts of the Middle East. However, as Speculand notes, the business model was significantly expensive because it also employed a decentralized approach (38). This changed in the mid-1900s when the company shut down several of the decentralized factories and opened one large centralized plant. Due to its success, and to achieve more, the company went public in 2006 when it was listed in the Tadawul stock exchange ( Almarai Co ). At this point in time, there were various competitors that had entered the market. To ensure that the company still retained favor in the field, the management began to diversify their products. They did this by also including other dairy products in their portfolio. Speculand explains that the management also bought up two major bakeries in an attempt to diversify (36). The acquisition of the two bakeries proved successful as it increased the company’s portfolio by SR 1 million. According to Speculand, further partnerships with Pepsi and other local companies also boosted the company’s position in the market (43). The company also became international and purchased businesses in Egypt and Jordan due to their partnership with Pepsi. The company management has openly stated that they will create 12,000 jobs in the countries they operate in, in the next five years. They intend to expand their business and make new acquisitions. It is crucial to note that the company has received a lot of political goodwill. One of the main reasons for this is the fact that the government has been t
Introduction The debate on natural law and positive law has taken different forms in different law and religious forums. There are those who believe that the debate centered on the distinction between morality and law. The connection between law and morality has largely been the main issue that the different types of debates have not been able to address. The meaning attributed by theorists of natural law and positive law is always geared toward supporting their point of argument. From its initial definition, natural law means that there is a force above that has the monopoly of conferring laws to human beings, which include inherent rights (Boyd, 2010). Essay Body Natural law is a God-given law that is supposed to be obeyed without any questioning. The early theorists of natural law were of the view that natural law is the command of God and it was to be obeyed even in instances when its obedience caused injustice. Natural law is largely unwritten and does not depend on enforcement mechanisms. Individuals get to understand the command under the law through nature and reason. Natural law has been a major source of debate in legal philosophy. The focus of natural law has been on unchangeable, absolute and universal morals. It is true to assert that natural law has been through a moral fabric, which seems insensitive to the changes in society (Soper, 2001). From universal morals, there is the development of a mode of dealing with what is considered right or wrong. The moral prepositions are the main tenets of natural law. Positive law mainly means that there is a body entrusted with the powers to make laws for others. This essay will discuss the tenets of natural and positive law, providing in-depth elaboration on the advantages of each. The moral authority in natural law is derived from religion. It is, in other instances, derived from human beings’ rationality. In medieval ages, the main source of any natural law was religious law and other moral related documentation. Throughout time, the meaning changed to a philosophical basis that has made extensive coverage to other modes of laws. The main attributes of natural law are based on the same
The Examples of Good Employment Policies Conduct There are organizations that set guidelines to secure employee satisfaction, safety, and loyalty. For instance, Coca-Cola can exhibit its solid obligation to the business principles it has created. The organization’s implicit rules incorporate essential definitions, disciplinary activity principles, and different assets that might profit workers (Alizadeh et al., 2020). This way, Coca-Cola establishes the policy of the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC). Facebook covers significant subjects, including harassment, provocation, and insurance of client information (Alizadeh et al., 2020). All Facebook administrators worldwide go to compulsory sexual harassment training, which incorporates an exhaustive audit of policy and material law. The company follows the Harassment policy covered under the Alberta Human Rights Act. The Examples of Misconduct of Employment Policies A collection of reporting has archived how Amazon’s steady drive for effectiveness has prompted injuries to its workers throughout recent years. Moreover, presently, these representatives are working side by side with the partners who might be tainted with a lethal infection and spreading it before they even show side effects. This is since Amazon does not provide paid sick days for its employees and safety measurement during the pandemic (Elrhim & Elsayed, 2020). Similarly, Xerox is known to ignore employees’ medical excuses and demand to work from them in emergencies (Kobayashi, 2019). These are the examples of direct omitting workers’ health policy written in Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS) 29 USC section 655. The Impact of Technology and Social Media on Employment Regulations Direct strategies are set up as a rule for suitable representative conduct and protection, and they involve technology and internet utilization. Such approaches additionally involve the strategies bosses might use to teach unseemly conduct, including admonitions or representative end (Module Notes). Simultaneously, businesses may stress that representatives utilize these instruments for non-work purposes while at work or taking part in discourse in open scenes that may think about inadequately their association (Hall & Lewis, 2014). Numerous laborers report that their managers have arrangements about web-based media use at work or how representatives might introduce themselves in different online spaces.
Introduction Downsizing is one of the more commonly used tactics for addressing a crisis within a company. The process often involves a reduction in the employee pool through the elimination of various positions within a company that is determined to be unessential by the managing staff. The reasons for downsizing are few, but its effects and consequences can be numerous. With downsizing being a relatively common practice, it is important to establish why it occurs and how it affects all the shareholders of the organization. This paper will present both reasons and consequences of downsizing, as well as an example of one firm that was downsized. Reasons for Downsizing There are two types of companies that utilize downsizing: large companies on the brink of failure, and successful companies with a need to become leaner. Both types are in need of increased efficiency, and their managers see a reduction in the personnel as a way to gain it. In theory, downsizing allows a company to lower the costs of personnel, reduce average salaries within the firm, have less underutilized human resources, and a variety of other positive outcomes for the company. Failing companies choose to downsize their business out of a perceived necessity. When the estimates show that the company will not be able to sustain its current operation in the following year, some managers start seeing downsizing as the only option to keep the company from going broke. The reason for the perceived lack of alternatives may lie in the lack of creative thinking on the part of the manager, however. Closer inspection shows that a variety of alternative options have been utilized by companies put in such situations, and some have not only sustained the companies in question but improved their operation overall. Some cases, however, require downsizing (York, 2009). For example, when a more efficient technology replaces a whole profession, downsizing is almost inevitable. A large number of steam engine operators had to change their careers with the popularization of the internal combustion engine. Electrical power companies had to fire the majority of the staff that was responsible for checking electrical meters house to house. With time, new technology always makes some positions obsolete, and while tactics such as retraining of the employees and internal job boards may lower the number of downsized employees, it does not prevent downsizing in those cases. For successful companies, the reason is similar but does not hold the same urgency. It is seen as a viable way of increasing profits due to changes in the supply and demand for products produced by the company or newly introduced production techniques. To prevent a company from bloating and to increase its efficiency, managers choose to remove less utilized positions to focus on more profitable ones. The process and its consequences are often the same for both types. Consequences for Communities The consequences of downsizing can be severe for the company, its employees, and communities that surround downsized organizations. While companies are seeking increased productivity and cost-efficiency, the results are not always positi
Intuit is one of those companies that are rarely mentioned in press, yet provide the entire world with the services that define the quality of people’s everyday life and the success of entrepreneurs. The software company from the Silicon Valley is not very large; however, by utilizing the latest technological advances, it manages to keep its finger on the pulse of the existing demand and the needs of its clients. Combined with outstanding quality of the product (e.g., GoPayment has received a vast positive feedback) (100 best companies to work for, 2014), the company has managed to land on the eighth spot in the list of the world’s most successful companies. However, it could be argued that, apart from outstanding service quality, the company has gained impressive reputation owing to its employee treatment policy. Reference List 100 best companies to work for (2014). CNN Money . Web.
Introduction Basic control process engages careful sought of information on a certain system processes, and people so as to make sound decision about the subject matter. Basic control process assumes that there is an expected mode of behavior and that there is some managing function that performs to produce that expected mode of conduct. This model encompasses many things from social processes ruled by a regulating control organ to automated manufacturing models. In all instances, a common feature is that some ascertainment of the real processes tendencies is evaluated against the expected process tendency. Organizations engage business control process concept in their operations to effectuate their operations (Williams & McWilliams 2010). The ultimate objectives of the basic process control are: to enable the university maximize on profits and academic efficiency by cutting down administration overheads; improve products quality; optimize the University academic capacity; improve customer satisfaction; enhance product delivery within time according to customer’s specifications; and to build the schools’ goodwill in its employees and in the industry too. In service industry the process control is a more complex concept due to the various process interactions. Processing, properties of finished goods, yield, and returns, depend on a number of variables and their multifaceted interaction that is usually misunderstood or categorized. Due to the numerous stages involved in processing and the unexpected complication of the interactions, the university must adopt more powerful tools such as, statistical process control, to ensure that it achieves the objectives of the process control. The academic sector is very risky as there is a lot of uncertainty in the process so the main concern of the university is to reduce inconsistency in the process since it cannot be eliminated completely. Control processes in the university is used by the managing administration to carefully observe the activities and operation of a certain project in order to ensure that the project is being carried out well under the specific requirements of the work. Thus by so doing, the organization is in a better position to ensure that any errors or difficulties arising in the course of implementing a certain project are quickly spotted and the necessary measures taken early to correct the matter. However, it is quit impossible for the
Introduction Online web maps provided by different websites have become very popular among travelers, truckers and vacationers. The maps provide a point-to-point instruction for driving and all one has to do is to enter the address of the starting location and the ending location. Once the points are known, then the websites provide a detailed route map of the journey, giving detailed instructions on which road to follow, which roads to avoid, where to turn off and so on. The maps also give the total journey distance along with the estimated time for the journey. This paper uses three websites to plot the journey from, S 17th St & Howard St, Omaha, NE 68102 to Ferry St & S 12th St, Easton, PA 18042. MapQuest Mapquest is a free online map service provided by AOL and the website provides detailed cartographic information once the starting and ending points of the street addresses are given. A large scale aerial map is first given and then the detailed route is given. To begin the process of planning the route, you need to first enter details in the address from where the journey would begin. Enter the starting point of the journey with the full street address and the city and state name. A pop up is available to help you with the state name. Repeat the same steps and enter information for the end. Once the Direction button is clicked, the full route is mapped out as shown below (MapQuest, 2009). Figure 1.1. Map of the full route The above map gives the overall view of the route to be followed from point A or the starting point to point B or the ending point. These points are shown as stars. At this point it is possible to select a route with the shortest time or the shortest distance. If the shortest time is selected, then the route that would help the driver to get from point A to Point B in the shortest possible time would be displayed and if the shortest distance is given, then the route with the least distance, but more time, is displayed. The page would also give the directions to get from point A to point B. These direction instructions are as shown in the following figure (MapQuest, 2009). Figure 1.2. Driving and Route Instructions As seen in the above figure, detailed instructions are given from point A to point B. Since the total time would be 18 hours and 57 minutes, a stopover has been planned Fremont between points 10 and 11 since this point is about 10 hours from the starting point. This would allow the driver to have some rest since it is legally not allowed for a driver to drive continuously for more than 10 hours. If the Chicago point is avoided due to traffic, then the Estimated Distance would be 1250.98 miles and Estimated Time would be 20 hours 11 minutes (MapQuest, 2009). Rand McNally Rand McNally is provides driving instructions along with the route map from the starting to the end of the journey. To begin the process of finding the instructions, you need to enter
Business is a complex phenomenon that is characterized by its own peculiarities, rules, and regulations. Analytical thinking is also essential for any person wishing to succeed in business. The case of HDT Truck Company is a perfect opportunity to see how business decisions should be taken and how business analyses should be carried out. Thus, the case of HDT Truck Company is all about alternatives involved in conducting international business activities (Murphy and Wood, 2007, p. 316). The HDT Truck Company faces the need to deliver the 50 trucks that its customers in Doha, Saudi Arabia, have ordered (Murphy and Wood, 2007, p. 316). The company has to major ways to do this: chartering a vessel to Doha or delivering the trucks on a regular vessel that sets off from Baltimore to Doha twice a week. Traditionally, HDT Truck Company charters a vessel, but the current situation makes the company officials consider the alternative way out. The comparison developed by Mr. Vanderpool, traffic manager in HDT, reveals that chartering a vessel would cost the company $96,470, while the alternative delivery way will amount to $144,000 in expenses (Murphy and Wood, 2007, p. 318). Accordingly, it is recommended that HDT Truck Company should resort to its traditional chartering technique instead of inventing some innovations trying other alternatives. There are two basic reasons for such a recommendation. First of all, the process of delivery by a chartered vessel is as simple as can be in international trade, and HDT has rich experience in using this process. Secondly, this alternative is much cheaper, which is also important for HDT. In more detail, chartering a vessel will allow HDT to avoid such essential elements of the alternative’s cost as the rail rate to Baltimore ($44,800) and the ocean freight rate ($72,000) that the company will still have to pay even using the unchartered vessel for transporting its trucks. Further on, the development of the discussed transaction might offer the third alternative way of truck delivery to HDT. If the Saudi Arabian buyers of the truck consider the possibility of collecting all their US purchases and delivering them by a vessel chartered at their expense, HDT can solve its major current issue even easier. At the same time, such an option will mean that the total transaction cost will be reduced. It would be reasonable for HDT, if it agrees that its Saudi buyers deliver the truck, to cut the transaction value by its freight costs. Specifically, the sum of $8,696,470 (total for 50 trucks and delivery by a chartered vessel to Doha) can be reduced by HDT’s delivery costs minus 5 to 10% of delivery costs for the untimely change of transaction terms. At the same time, if HDT has to deliver the truck to Ba
Introduction Technology and innovation are two hybrid components, which while embraced by manufacturing firms, can help to drive their productivity. Fundamentally, innovation means the introduction of something new, especially in a business setting. Innovation takes place when “new products or services are introduced and successfully commercialised” (Tidd & Bessant 2009, p.7). In the manufacturing context, innovation involves the introduction of new manufacturing processes and/or practices, new technologies, and new materials among other things, which help to lower the cost of production or increase the pace of production and quality of the manufactured products. According to Tidd and Bessant (2009), innovation is an essential aspect of a manufacturing firm since it results in increased productivity for firms by enhancing good customer responses to the business of the manufacturing firm (p.7). According to an innovation and technology guru, Don Tapscott, the focus of innovative approaches in the manufacturing industry is to ensure waste reductions, reduction of downtimes of machinery, increase in product quality, designing of products with better utilities, and streamlining of customer needs to the products produced by an organisation (Tapscott & Williams 2010, p.88). This paper conducts a synopsis of the work of Don Tapscott about the industrial force of productivity in the manufacturing sector. The article also investigates the effect of technological advancements in the areas of management practices (innovation) concerning manufacturing productivity Contributions of Don Tapscott to Manufacturing Productivity Don Tapscott is an influential and a leading management thinker in the field of technology and its implication on the productivity of firms. He advises governments and organisations on issues such as technology and innovation in enhancing the efficiency of organisations, social impact of technology, and economic repercussion for embracing innovation and technology in production. According to Don Tapscott (2010), innovation in the manufact