ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
People have often chosen to leave their homeland and start a new life in another country. The USA has been a dream country for people from many countries. For example, thousands of Chinese people left their homes to work and live in the USA in the second half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Chinese people had many reasons to leave the country. Some of these reasons were wars in China, poverty, new opportunities to travel to other countries and people’s desire to become wealthy in the land of gold. The situation in China was very difficult in the second half of the nineteenth century. People did not have jobs and they did not have enough money to feed their families. The population was growing but there were not enough jobs for everyone. Young men had families and they had to earn money to buy food for their children and their parents. Those men tried to leave villages and traveled to big cities to find a job. When they failed to find a job, they were ready to continue their search for new opportunities. It is necessary to note that there was some trade between China and the USA. Chinese sailors went to the USA and Chinese merchants also traveled to the USA. Those people told other people about the USA and different legends were created. American merchants lived in China and Chinese people saw how wealthy Americans were. Moreover, it was possible to travel to the USA as many ships sailed to America quite often. Chinese men could not miss that opportunity and they went to the USA to find jobs and get money. Of course, lots of Chinese people were dreaming about American gold as it was the period of the Gold Rush. Chinese people went to the USA to find gold and become wealthy. However, in the majority of cases, they started working at railroads construction. Notably, this was still better than going back to China as they had a job and they got some money. Apart from the Gold Rush, Chinese people were also forced to leave the country as there were a lot of wars. People did not like the government and started numerous rebellions. Lots of people were killed and many people had to leave China to escape from the rulers. Of course, those people chose the USA as that was the country of new opportunities that was the country where anyone could become wealthy. People from many countries believed in that and this belief became a legend. It is important to add that Chinese immigrants went to the USA to work temporarily. They wanted to earn some money and go back to China. However, the vast majority of those who came to the USA settled in that country. One of the main reasons for that was comparative American stability. Admittedly, Chinese immigrants had to face many problems. They had to work hard and they were not accepted by the local people. However, it was still better than the life in China as the wars in the region did not stop and people still could not find work there. In conclusion, it is possible to state that Chinese immigration was caused by instability
Introduction Based on an examination of the work of Oppenheim et al. (2012) which examined the status of children in foster care, it was noted that in matters related to custody and child welfare, the reunification of a child with his/her parents (when realistic) was a constant and prevailing theme among the many legal cases examined (Oppenheim et al., 2012). The reason behind such actions are in part revealed in the study of Mitchell et al. (2010) which showed that the psychological welfare of children hinged on developing a proper parental relationship which, more often than not, can be provided by the child’s biological parent (Mitchell et al., 2010). However, it should be noted that rulings in favor of reunification are heavily dependent on the absence of the following factors: chronic abuse, neglect, abandonment, and parental incapacity. In instances where any or all of the factors are noted in a parental case, it is likely that reunification, despite the protests of a parent, will not be possible given that the government has the responsibility of ensuring the continued safety and wellbeing of the child in question. Examining the Issue of Foster Case When examining the potential for Annette’s foster parents not seeking to adopt her, you have to take into consideration the Adoption and Safe Families Act which specifically states that an individual’s rights as a parent can be terminated if it has been shown that a child has been in foster care for 15 of the previous consecutive 22 months and that the parent has not shown sufficient effort in either contacting the child or pursuing some form of rehabilitation to become a proficient parent. It is based on this that despite the potential scenario of the foster parents of Annette not wishing to adopt her, it is still unlikely that parental custody would have been given to the father. This is on top of the fact that insufficient evidence has been presented by the father that he was a part of Annette’s life and that he had attempted any possible methods to get closer to her. Evaluating the current situation of the Child When it comes to the issue of evaluating the current situation of the child in light of the legal standard of termination, you need to take into consideration the fact that the legal standard for termination is utilized as a last resort when it has been evidenced that any realistic reunification between parent and child is just not feasible (Bruskas, 2010). For example, the 15-month rule when it comes to a child in foster care was established due to the potential that a parent that had neglected and abandoned their child for an extended period might do so again. As such, it was necessary to implement some means of evaluating the capacity of a parent to show that they care for the child in question. Such a standard also applies to instances related to chronic abuse
Introduction Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) involves a firm contracting some of its operations and processes to another firm. According to Duening and Rick (2), Business process outsourcing is a movement of business process from inside the organization to an external service provider. Outsourcing enables the company to concentrate on the main objective. Rafiq (4) describes business processing as a white collar services required to service employees to customer. The services given by BPO firms may include: auditing, tax processing, Payroll, e.t.c. India has for a long time dominated the BPO market, mainly because of availability of labor, resulting from the high population in the country. There has been tremendous growth in BPO industry in china. The growth can be attributed to Chinese richness in experts, knowledge and skills, as well as increased proficiency in English language in the recent years, compared to the past. China’s main barrier to becoming the top BPO provider is the English language (Shalin 1). A lot of Chinese people today are learning English and the government plans to use billions of dollars in English Education so that China can become a global leader in BPO. Outsourcing has become popular in developed nations and across the world, with the firms being drawn to the BPO because of factors like availability of expertise, availability of improved services and cost reduction (Reid 1) Who are the major competitors? India hosts most of the leading BPO companies and enjoys vast market from United States, and around the world. It has firms like Genpact, Infosys BPO, IBM India and HCL which are globally competitive IBM offers BPO services, among many other services and it’s based in the United States of America. It manufactures and sells computer software and hardware. IBM offers the following outsourcing services;   * Customer Relationship Management   * Finance and Administration   * Human resource   * Procurement and supply chain management   * Technical Help desk services   * Industry Bank office CRM services involve provision of an improved customer experience and also intensive analysis of customer’s data, so that it becomes possible to come up with actionable and viable customer initiative. Customer Relationship Management also involves reduction of bad debts, through managing of debts. IBM also offers analytic business services which are supposed to give insight to customer management, and also to help the firm make better and valid decisions. IBM technical services helps a firm to utilize technologies in a way that they will reduce cost and ensure incidents that result to losses are reduced through proactively scanning IT environment. IBM has a branch in India, (IBM India) which was awarded the Golden Media HR Excellent awards for the year 2011, due to its effectivenes
Ancient Greek art had a profound impact on development of the western civilization. Admittedly, it was also subjected to change. It is possible to trace this change through examining two sculptures pertaining to different periods of Ancient Greek art. These two examples of different periods can be Mantiklos Apollo (7 th century BCE) and Riace Warrior (5 th century BCE). These two sculptures show the way Ancient Greek art changed throughout centuries. Of course, to understand art, it is necessary to understand the epoch. Thus, Mantiklos Apollo was created during the Orientalizing Period by an artist, Mantiklos, who dedicated a little bronze statuette to a deity for “some pleasing favor in return” (qtd. in Kleiner 109). Greek artists were influences by oriental art to a great extent. They were fascinated by the forms of Egyptian, Syrian and Mesopotamian art. Thus, this statuette is inspired by such forms as portable ivory objects typical of Syrian art. The statuette depicts a young man with prolonged body and neck as well as short legs. Notably, human forms are quite schematic. Nonetheless, here Greek attention to detail and beauty of a human body is already present. Long curly hair and abdominal muscles can be seen. Admittedly, these were only first steps of Greek sculptors. The other sculpture to be discussed pertains to the Early Classical Period. Actually, this was the beginning of the gold age for Ancient Greek art. This was also a period of Ancient Greeks’ victory over Persians. This was the start of democracy and the end of tyranny (Kleiner 129). People wanted to perpetuate warriors and heroes who gave them freedom. Thus, naturalistic sculptures appeared. Sculptors tried to be as realistic as possible. Every detail of a human body was revealed. Hence, Riace Warrior is one of these naturalistic sculptures created circa 460-450 BCE. A strong man standing and holding a spear (more likely) is depicted. Notably, the warrior is not in motion, which makes it similar to the earlier work mentioned above. The two works are similar in terms of material used as well. Both artworks are made of bronze. However, they are quite different in terms of attention to detail. It is noteworthy that the classical period was the period of remarkable technical skills of Greek sculptors. Of course, the two artworks show a particular way Ancient Greek art developed during that period. Ancient Greeks paid a lot of attention to details. Orientalizing period is associated with the influence of Egyptian and Mesopotamian forms. For instance, humans and deities were maj
It is a commonly known fact that the emergence and development of chronic health conditions have always been a major issue for any population. Indeed, various genetic factors, along with aging and high-stress levels, contribute to the rapid patterns of chronic disease emergence and severity. However, despite everyone being at risk of obtaining a chronic health issue, some diseases are more likely to occur within some social groups. Thus, the primary purpose of the present paper is to examine how physical activity as an integral part of a daily routine may prevent the occurrence of such health issues as type 2 diabetes and heart disease among adult men. To begin with, it is necessary to dwell upon the issue of type 2 diabetes. Thus, type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition caused by improper insulin function and poor blood sugar management. The disease itself is usually diagnosed in older people who do not take care of their sugar intake, diet, and physical activity. When speaking of prevalence, it becomes evident that disease manifests itself with age. For example, in people aged 18-44, the type 2 diabetes prevalence constitutes no more than 3%, whereas people aged between 45 and 64 show an indicator of 13.8% (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020a). The situation deteriorates when gender is considered, as men are generally more likely to have this chronic health condition at the age of 45 and older. Thus, it may be considered that type 2 diabetes is a drastic health issue that leads to various complications. However, when aware of the risk, the disease may be averted by implementing a healthy routine. Another severe chronic condition, heart disease, also becomes more dangerous with age. According to the CDC (2019), some of the major heart disease occurrence risks include alcohol and tobacco use, poor diet,
Introduction Technology has resulted to an immense change in the manner in which organisations increase the effectiveness of their human resource functions. The concepts of human resource systems were first established at general motors’ in 1950s. Since then, “HRIS have advanced from a basic process to convert manual information keeping systems into computerised systems to the HR information systems that are used today” (Friesen 2003, p.28). This change has been associated with the need to integrate various functions of HR to a common platform. The aftermath is the emergence of a third generation HRIS that is computerised. This generation “has taken HR data systems far beyond being mere data repositories by creating tools with which human resource professionals could do much more” (Byars, 2004). Additionally, the generation comprises of self-contained feature-rich and broad-based human resource information systems. The purpose of this paper is to provide a plan and a set of recommendations that would identify protocols and parameters for devising a HR DBMS in an industry of tertiary education. The organisation considered is a university undergoing an immense growth and needs to recruit 500 staff within a year. It also needs to “identify the performance and skill profiles of present employees for later possible redundancies” (Hagood & Friedman 2002, p.544). Setting plan for HR DBMS To set a plan for setting recommendations critical in identification of parameters and protocols for coming up with HR DBMS in a university un
Introduction One of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); eight goals adopted by United Nations member states is to eradicate poverty in the world especially in the developing and the underdeveloped countries. The United States of America as one of the G8 countries has established agencies like UNICEF and Oxfam to fight against poverty. However, there is lack of individual contribution from most families in America. Ironically, the middle class groups spend most of their income on luxuries while the selfish people use the poor people in order to improve their lifestyle. Singer’s article, the Singer Solution to World Poverty focuses on the plight of the poor people and encourages the rich people to sacrifice some of their lifestyle as a major solution to poverty. Singer’s solution A poor person can do anything no matter the risk involved to change his/her lifestyle. However, it is advisable for one to weigh the situation at hand before taking an action. Interestingly, people are quick to criticize others yet they are in the same shoe. Singer borrows from a Brazilian film where a poor retired teacher grabs an opportunity to acquire a new television set at the expense of a poor street child’s life. Although Dora knows about the use of children for organ donation, she confesses to her neighbors about her progress but they discourage her. The world would strongly criticize Dora’s action incase the child died. inger rues that the American middle class community spends most of their income on acquiring luxuries instead of donating the money to the poor and he wonders, “what is the ethical distinction between a Brazilian who sells a homeless child to organ peddlers and an American who already has a T.V and upgrades to a better one?” (560). In other words, the money spend on unnecessary needs can go along way to save street children. Unger as one of the philosophers in New York does not see the reason why people spend most of their income on their assets rather than saving human life. Due to negligence from people who are well off, most poor children succumb to treatable diseases like malaria, marasmus, and diarrhea among others. However, a small contribution from the middle class people can help to save the lives of poor children around the world. Singer touches on a story from Unger’s book Living High and Letting Die, where a man decides to save his car from crushing at the expense of a child’s life. Bob is about to retire and the car seems to be the only asset he owns and therefore, when he sees a train about to run over a child, he declines to divert its way because his car is on the other railway line. According to Unger, Bob’s action is wrong but every person has a role in saving the lives of children. In addition, a contribution of only $200 to agencies and charitable organizations like Oxfam gives one an opportunity to alleviate a child’s suffering.
Introduction Ever since the publishing of Maya Angelou’s autobiographical novel I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings in 1969, literary critics never ceased pointing out to the fact that novel’s themes and motifs are being concerned with the process of a main character striving to attain the sense of self-identity. Nevertheless, this did not prevent them from discussing the qualitative essence of this process from a variety of different perspectives. For example, in her article Arensberg (1976) refers to the subtleties of how Maya went about attaining existential identity as such that have been in the state of constant transition: “The unsettled life Angelou writes of in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings suggests a sense of self as perpetually in the process of becoming, of dying and being reborn, in all its ramifications” (277). In its turn, this implies that Maya’s perception of herself never ceased being the subject of continuous transformation. On the other hand, while suggesting that Maya did succeed with gaining solid sense existential self-awareness, Walker (1995) refers to it as something that came to being as the result of novel main character’s spatially defined intellectual evolvement: “By the end of the book… she [Maya] no longer feels inferior, knows who she is, and knows that she can respond to racism in ways that preserve her dignity and her life, liberty, and property” (103). In this paper, I will aim to confirm the soundness of namely Walker’s suggestion, while pointing out to the fact that, by the end of Angelou’s novel, Maya did not only become fully self-aware individual, but that such her self-awareness came as the result of novel’s main character having learned how to accept her inborn affiliation with the Black race. The discussion of earlier mentioned process in regards to three events, described in the novel As novel’s context implies, throughout the early phases of her life, Maya has been experiencing a number of psychological anxieties, due to the sheer extent of her physical unattractiveness. Moreover, there were clearly defined racial undertones to Maya’s emotional uncomfortableness with who she was: “Wouldn’t they be surprised when one day I woke out of my black ugly dream, and my real hair, which was long and blond, would take the place of the kinky mass that Momma wouldn’t let me straighten?” (2). And yet, as novel’s plot unraveled, Maya was gradually freeing herself of these anxieties. I believe that the followin
Chomsky describes an intellectual as “one who is thinking about things, trying to work things out, maybe is trying to articulate and express that understanding to others and so on” (Znet, p. 1). An intellectual may be thinking about society or music or sports or any other subject. Such intellectuals often can be seen to resort to ordinary routine work due to lack of opportunities. But if an intellectual is given the time and opportunity to do extraordinary intellectual work of which he or she is capable, what would the responsibilities be? It is most likely that he or she would try to make others see the world in accordance with the power politics of the day. This is not however, the moral responsibility of an intellectual. The moral responsibility would be to seek the truth, work for it and help others to understand the truth (Chomsky, p. 1). But if this truth is going to antagonize people who are providing them with opportunities, intellectuals often try to avoid the conflict by dodging the moral responsibility. When intellectuals dared to seek the truth they faced danger as seen in the cases of Galileo. Descartes is said to have destroyed the final volume of his treatise on the world, when he learned of the fate of Galileo. An intellectual in pursuit of truth is most often considered an ‘irritant’, or a ‘rebel against all hidden and open pressure and manipulation’. The easier way for an intellectual to live is to serve the powerful and tell ‘Nobel Lies’ to serve the ruling interests. After all powerful people also need the intellectuals to carry out their plans. One might wonder why the intellectual is such a special person. Many people may be well endowed physically or may have charisma, but it’s rare to find the profound intellectual. This makes it all the more important that intellectuals set the direction of the moral compass. The moral compass set by the intellectuals sets the direction for the common people. Without moral compassing, any group or country can fall into disarray. In the 1940s, Dwight MacDonald wrote an article in the journal Politics, questioning to what extent the German and Japanese people were responsible for the atrocities committed by their governments and to what extent American and British people were responsible for the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Rivers 1). Extending on this question, in 1967, Noam Chomsky published an essay in the New York Review of Books titled “The Responsibility of Intellectuals” (Rivers 1). This was the period during which the Vietnam War was taking place and people were raising questions as to the validity of America’s involvement in Vietnam. Chomsky raised a number of reflective questions questioning the responsibilities of intellectuals in Western capitalist democracies. According to Chomsky, intellectuals have a “responsibility… to speak the truth and to expose lies” and a duty “to see events in their historical perspective” (Rivers, p. 1). Vaclav Havel has said: “I too