ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Studies conclude that half of the Internet users all over the world have bought a product or a service online. Evidence that online buying is on the rise is found in the research and reports of eBay addicts and online recreational shopping. As a matter of business, government and society concern, online shopping behaviors defy normal consumer choice processes. It also inflates consumer prices while aggravating abuse of consumer credit, all of which have significant social (Coupey, 2004). This paper seeks to take a comprehensive look at the legal and ethical issues relating to ecommerce. It will outline the relationship of ecommerce to business, government and society. The current ethical issues and legal viewpoints in relation to ecommerce will be discussed. Finally, the paper will give suggestions for corrective action pertaining to ecommerce. This paper supports the hypothesis that ecommerce promotes unregulated or uncontrolled buying. Learning theory models of buying The fundamental cause of compulsive, impulsive and addictive buying is lack of self regulation in a consumer. Learning theory has been employed to explain the path taken by these disorders as they evolve from impulsive, then to repetitive and finally to compulsive behavior. Impulse buying is spontaneous, unreflective and immediate buying of products after learning about them. It is the kind of buying behavior exhibited by most online shoppers. In the view of classical learning theory, this is caused by emotional response to thoughts. This has the effect of temporarily suppressing the thought of negative consequences (Black, 1996). The negative consequences are replaced with the thought of satisfaction, pleasure and excitement. Compulsive buying is created by continued neglect of long term impacts as a consumer starts to suppress anxiety and depression with increased buying. As a result, life problems continue to mount and shopping continues to be used as a relief for compulsive buying. Addictive buying is close to compulsive buying and the two result to a major lifestyle problem. In learning theory, buying is termed as addictive when a consumer increasingly craves for the relief that comes as a result of buying. Sociocognitive theory of buying This theory extends classical theory by asserting that consumers are aware of their shopping behavior and the consequences and are therefore able to control their buying behaviors. The theory continues to suggest that that these addictions may be controlled or abandoned through personal regulation. The self control mechanism is possible through personal observation, personal judgment and personal reaction. Personal observation is monitoring your personal behaviors in order to understand the effects of those behaviors. Personal judgment compares personal behavior against self-standards of success or in comparison to norms, social groups and previous behavior. Pers
What are some examples of learning disorders and memory disorders (these are different from behavioral disorders)? How might a clinician evaluate each of these (what methods or instruments would be used)? Discussion Learning Disabilities (LD) are neurologically-based processing problems, which can interfere with the performance of important things in the mind like reading, writing, mathematics calculation, and coordination. They can cause severe brain complications and interfere with a person’s skills like planning, organization, and reasoning. This damage hinders the storage, retention, and recollection of memories. There are several disorders associated with memory and learning. Some of them include the following discussed disorders: Phenylketonuria (PKU) This is an example of inherited metabolic disorders that usually affect the development and functioning of the brain. It is caused by an inherited lack of an enzyme that converts amino acid phenylalanine to another amino acid tyrosine. Eventually, there will be a high accumulation of the amino acid phenylalanine in the blood. Large amounts of phenylalanine in the blood will result in complications of the neurons in the central nervous system (C.N.S.) referred to as myelinization of the cerebral hemispheres. This disorder will normally result in severe mental retardation. Much of this condition occurs before birth; therefore, it is essentially important to diagnose babies immediately after birth before their brain is subjected to phenylalanine. The good thing is that PKU can be easily treated, subjecting the baby under a low amount of phenylalanine diet (Carlson, 2010) Parkinson’s Disease This refers to a condition that occurs because of the degeneration of brain cells. It is caused degeneration of the nigrostriatal system, a type of neurons of the substantia nigra responsible for sending axons to the lower (basal) ganglia. The slow movement, tremor resting and rigidity of the muscular characterize Parkinson’s disease. Treatment is through a precursor of dopamine known as L-DOPA. When L-DOPA is administered to the brain, the dopaminergic neurons produce more dopamine that removes all the symptoms. Deprenyl is an alternative drug for L-DOPA (Carlson, 2010). Math Disorder This is a mathematic learning disorder, where some students reverse numbers and cannot align them in the right way. Math requires attention to perform certain tasks in a specific order. Some people have difficulty in interpreting different shapes, objects, as well as sections of multiplication, adding, and subtracting. Therefore, the application of the basic operations to real-world math problems is very difficult. Flexibility and adaptation of the patient can help to reduce this disorder (Chandler, N.d.) Alzheimer’s disease or Dementia This disorder results in deterioration of mental intellectual abilities cau
Introduction Childhood is a crucial period in people’s development because toddlers, children, and adolescents have a plethora of important choices and challenges to face. For instance, they have to choose new friends, hobbies, toys, and other activities or objects that will help them develop and socialize in their future lives. Therefore, this paper is to discuss and cover the topic of children’s interests and other things that young people usually have a passion for analyzing and compare them with different hobbies that these individuals might have as adults. Discussion Every child has some valuable toy or another object that one cannot give up under any circumstances. Usually, children like specific toys that are extremely interesting to them or something that they have been given as a present from beloved individuals (Smith, Cowie, & Blades, 2015). Moreover, young people do not understand the cost or physical value of different objects because their minds are not obsessed by a desire to show their income or success yet. A Favourite Hobby As to me, I was interested in video games when I was a child because this industry was at its beginning and almost every pupil was involved in it. Various computer and console games became very popular among young people due to an opportunity they have been giving to live a life of someone else in virtual reality (Smith et al., 2015). Perhaps, some children from my circles of fellowship were interested in gaming because they had boring lives due to particular financial problems. Description of the Well-Loved Childhood Game Although I was playing a plethora of various video games in my childhood, The Grand Theft Auto: Vice City was my favorite. This game was incredibly addicting when it just released because it introduced people to the nether world of murderous and greedy bandits. This game required a player to steal different vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, boats, and even helicopters. Moreover, it contained a wide variety of weapons that were used for killing other characters, exploding automobiles, and fighting the local police. Discussing Specific Qualities of the GTA Game The first aspect that I liked about the game mentioned above was the fact that all my peers and friends were spending most of their spare time in front of computer screens because of it. Nevertheless, this game had so many objects or activities that I have never done in my life but strove to experience. The Grand Theft Auto was overwhelmed with mad missions that required killing the main character’s enemies, robbing various facilities, or stealing some valuable properties. These things were very attractive to children, as they did not understand what consequences the aforementioned activities might have in their lives (Smith et al., 2015). Almost every child that had a computer or any other video console was always discussing tricky missions
The ancient historical texts on Minoans published by Halsall reflect some facts about their history discovered much later than these accounts had been compiled. Namely, Plutarch’s story about Theseus demonstrates the notion of the lack of defensive works in Crete. According to this text, Theseus invaded the island’s port and captured it quickly since its citizens mistook his navy for their own. This detail could remind the truth: Minoans were merchants and did not develop extensive safeguards. Moreover, Herodotos’ text depicts the extinction of Cretans, which corresponds to the archeological data, although they mention the eruption as the main factor for the demise of Minoans. British Institute at Ankara’s video about Helen of Troy is quite informative about the representation of women in ancient times. As such, Helen was perceived as the most magnificent and feminine person for many centuries in Athens as well as Sparta. Moreover, it is known that she became worshipped as a goddess in Laconia. Greeks often depicted Helen via the use of the most precious materials, which signified the importance of this character. This woman was traditionally perceived as a seducer and even the cause of sorrow in the Ancient Greek culture. Moreover, the image of Helen of Troy has surpassed time and is still used as a euphemism of beauty. Evelyn-White’s translation of Hesiod’s Theogony presents valuable knowledge about the Greek religion. Hesiod describes the gods as anthropomorphous beings who at the same time have natural power or represent parts of the universe themselves. For example, the Earth and the Heaven are consorts that produce other gods, which are often associated with emotions or natural phenomena. The story about Heaven (Uranus) being castrated by his rebellious child, Chronos, is especially remarkable. The war of generations and overthrowing the elder by the younger is also present in Mesopotamian, Scandinavian, and other mythologies. Hesiod’s poem clarifies the Greek conception of gods: the primordial being and their offspring having unlimited powers in the world, and yet creatures with human emotions and motives. Women by Semonides of Amorgos, published by Temperance, depicts male Greeks’ expectations for their women. The author enumerates the types of women created by Zeus and primarily serve as an eternal punishment for mankind. Semonides describes females that are not beautiful in a sarcastic manner, yet he condemns women who care about their appearance and hygiene. Moreover, he complains about females that care about their household
Introduction This self-reflection report attempts to present a critical analysis of the development process which shaped my leadership and management skills while involved in a group for organizing an event. This report analyzes the role of different psychological domains that contributed to the development of leadership and managerial skills and abilities. These domains cover the application of cognitive, behavioral, affective and cognitive characteristics in the skill development process. The relative influence of these psychological domains on the personality development process will be dealt with by this report in an organized manner so that this report becomes cohesive and meaningful in expressing the flow of the developmental process. In order to be comprehensive and present a detailed account of the development process, this report will be related to the different tasks performed by me while meeting the requirements of the different steps involved from starting to completion of the event successfully. The analysis of each domain will involve a descriptive account of the four components composed in the individual domain. The analysis will be supported by examples from my personal experiences while going through the preparation and conducting of the event. Adequate academic support will also be included as part of the report to supplement my views on the psychological processes. Because of my relative position within the group the report will attach more significance to cognitive and conative skills. At the same time the role of behavioral and affective skills will also be analyzed to the required extent. Different stages in my personal development process will be backed by descriptions of events and activities that took place as part of the group performance along the process of preparing and conducting the event. The report also states the limitations and constraints to the developmental process pertaining to both myself and the group members. Necessary links to the external environment will be established along the narrations in the report. Affective Domain Self-regulation and development is a wider concept encompassing several interdependent elements including affective and cognitive capacities. Affective capacities signify the moods, feelings and emotions and cognitive capacities include beliefs, perceptions and knowledge. Learning and development are best achieved when one understands and appreciates the interaction between affective and cognitive process. There is yet another facet of cognitive capabilities that is important in the process of development, which is the’ metacognitive’ skills. Metacognitive skills enable an individual to understand one’s own cognitive skills and therefore includes memory, attention and problem solving capabilities. “The affective domain includes the manner in which we deal with things emotionally, such as feelings, values, appreciation, enthusiasms, motivations, and attitudes.” (Krathwohl et al., 1973) Affective domain controls strong emotions such as anger, frustration, anxiety and sa
Introduction The Emirati is a very interesting group of people of Arab ethnicity. They actually constitute the families that rule in the dynasties in the United Arab Emirates. These groups of people can be traced to have originated from the Bani Yas clan. Nonetheless, there are some other groups from outside that have been integrated into the Emirati community. The first institute of higher learning in the United Arab Emirates was the establishment of the UAE University in 1977. This university has been very significant in this fast-growing nation. The university was set to allow the young Emirati to be able to attain better and higher education needs as well as enhance the culture of the Emirati Community and the entire Arab society at large. While making an effort to prepare future leaders and workers, higher education in the country still faces problems of cultural, ethical, professional, and societal origin that seem to be very complex. These have actually slowed the pursuit of education by many of the young Emirati men. This paper shall address the factors that have affected career choices among young Emirati men. Specific focus will be on the educational and environmental aspects. The focus group is young men in the university; the second year to fourth who fall below the age of 25 years. Educational and Environmental Factors That Influence Emirati Young Men Career Choices The unemployment rate in the United Arab Emirates is about 12 percent and this is suspected to be even higher among the Emirati Young people (Holland, 1997). This is a very big deal since it may affect the future policymakers when addressing the community’s social problems. A research conducted by the international security revealed that council many young people are not actively involved in employment while the few that are in some form of employment prefer doing business (Fox, 2007). By assessing the social links between the unemployment rates, it very important for the study to highlight ion the educational factors that could be behind the trend while also addressing the impact that environment has had on the same ( Archer, et al 2003). Problems of unemployment due to societal ills often cause public and international security anxieties (Findlow, 2005). Research on career choices is supposed to address a number of questions that are of interest with regard to the young Emirati men. Education and environment is very crit
Spiers Lopez’s key individual traits Mrs. Lopez is a diligent manager; even her husband affirms that she pushes her workers and herself excessively. This explains why her tenure in the company led to increases in revenue. She is also quite open-minded. Lopez realizes that the corporate environment is quite complex. In addition to the above, she also applies this thinking in her day to day operations. She does not make rigid plans in order to accommodate frequent changes at work. Furthermore, her open-mindedness is evident in the fact that she listens to her employees’ suggestions and ideas. Lopez is also a remarkable leader because she leads by example. Her commitment to equality and high performance was apparent in her own interactions with others. She did not just stop at creating equality policies and performance strategies. This leader was also respectful of other members regardless of their gender or their status at the company. Consequently, most of them find it easy to work with her and think that she is approachable. Lopez is also enthusiastic about her job. She does not treat her job indifferently like a number of managers do. As a result, she infects her staff members with this attitude, and it creates an environment of high productivity. Lopez is a visionary leader. In the case study, she explains that her style of leadership is about taking steps that “others cannot always see”. This requires her to forge ahead, and lead from the front. The President of IKEA North America is a fair leader as seen through her workplace policies. She stays committed to giving workers their due. Lopez has instated exceptional benefits as well as favorable working conditions. Factors that contribute to her effectiveness Spiers Lopez is effective because she appreciates the importance of work-life balance. After suffering from a severe stress reaction, which she mistook for a heart attack, Lopez decided that she would prioritize work-life balance in her career as well as her leadership decisions. This was the reason why she gave her staff members favorable maternity and family-oriented workplace policies. This relieves stress among the employees and causes them to dwell on the things that genuinely matter in the organization. Another factor that has contributed to Lopez’s success was the creation of an equality-based environment. She calls her subordinates coworkers in order to foster this spirit of autonomy. The principle has empowered many of these workers to contribute fully to the company. Not only are conversations openly encouraged, but management takes the ideas that stem from those discussions ser
James Joyce is considered to be one of the most outstanding writers of the Modernist literature which occupies period from the beginning of the XXth century to the end of World War II. Modernist works are known to depict characters who feel themselves lost, in social and spiritual sense. Themes such as government and religion are touched deeply enough. The author reveals all cynicism to those institutions in spite of the fact that all citizens of those time were taught to respect them properly. Araby is a short story belonging to James Joyce’s collection, Dubliners . This book describes life in Dublin, and in Ireland in general as it was at the beginning of the twentieth century, without any embellishment. The stories of this collection are set in a way to give the opportunity to observe the character development of a child into a grown man. The first three works are supposed to be told by a young boy. The next three depict an adolescent person, etc. Araby completes the first set of stories. Thus, it is presented from the point of view of a boy standing on the threshold of adolescence. The title of the story is derived from a real festival which appeared in the capital of Ireland in 1894 when the writer was about twelve years old. The content f the story is interesting enough. An impressionable boy mixes a romantic infatuation with religious delight. He decides to go to Araby bazaar which Oriental theme is exotic enough for Dubliners, to buy something for his beloved. Because of some family circumstances the boy does not come in time. Being captured by a sudden conversation of a female clerk with her male friends he forgets about his aim to come to that place. As a result, he sees Araby is closing down. At this very moment he understands that because of his imagination carried him away, he forgets about much more important things. This understanding finally makes him feel stupid and furious with himself. Araby, an early story in Dubliners, plays on the sense of the Oriental as a kind of suspended or borrowed time that represents the yearning for escape from the greyness of wintry northern Europe. The story ends up reinforcing the claustrophobic interiority of the Irish colony (Makdici, 259). In spite of the fact that the author uses a first person narrative technique, Joyce reveals mixed thoughts and wishes of his young main character. This method is the best way to call up in readers a similar reaction to the boy’s one. Some kind of a sudden understanding at the dramatic climax scene of the story is observed by us. Joyce’s Araby confuses sexual desire with Oriental pleasure. The adolescent narrator of the story is infatuated with Mangan’s sister, who, when she ultimately speaks to him, asks him if he was going to Araby: ‘It would be a splendid bazaar she said; she would love to go. Following this exchange, the lovesickness of the narrator takes the following form, where the desire for Mangan’s sister is metonymically shifted onto Araby (Makdisi, 259). In his story James Joyce seems to be n
Introduction: Put on the blue hat and answer the following What is the proposal? The proposal is for the UAE residents to start paying income taxes in order to help the government to finance more projects in the sectors such as education, health, and provision of other public goods. What is the current situation regarding this policy? At present, the UAE residents are not paying taxes on their income. The proposal has been made and currently being debated by the Federal National Council (FNC). The proposed policy might be good in the long run since the government will be able to finance more public goods that are beneficial to the residents of the UAE. Analysis Recommendations It is important to win the general public before implementing the proposed policy change. This will cushion the government from any negative fallout with the residents of the UAE who currently hold a negative opinion about the proposal. Besides, the government will avoid the dangers and risks of a potential public unrest. In order to guarantee acceptance of the proposal, the government of the UAE, through the supreme leader and the FNC, should roll out civic education to promote the benefits of the proposal such as better healthcare services, improved education standards, and improved income for provision of public goods (Baldwin, 2011). The government might also consider increasing the current rental levies that will have same effects as introducing the income taxes.