ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abraham Maslow, a psychologist, developed a theory related to human needs that have become popularly known as Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. The needs were associated with the human environment in society. Maslow conducted thorough research on the study of human psychology and motivation. Consequently, his investigation led to him coming up with the hierarchy of needs theory. While propounding the hierarchy of needs, Maslow stated that five levels of needs drive people psychological needs, safety needs, belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs (Aruma & Hanachor, 2017). In the hierarchy of human needs, Maslow viewed human nature as based on internal and universal predispositions. Under the physiological category in the Hierarchy of Needs, Maslow categorized food, water, shelter, clothing, comfort, rest, reproduction, and procreation. Moreover, in safety needs category, he argued that people should be protected from dangerous physical and social situations. Furthermore, the category of social needs addressed the need for love and support of a group. Esteem and prestige need to address self-worth, respect, status, recognition, reputation, and confidence, and finally, self-actualization addresses the need to develop inborn talent, potential resources, and accomplishment. This paper provides insights on Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, its relation to the hospitality industry, especially the bartender job, and the effects if not implemented. The application of the hierarchy of needs has been of great importance in enhancing human culture and meeting their needs, especially in an organization setup. The hierarchy of needs is applied at workplaces to provide for employee motivation and confidence at work. The application of self-actualization in most businesses has criticized the leaders who fail to help deliver a purposeful employee mindset. Furthermore, the managers can account for the safety of the employees by ensuring favorable working conditions. The managers are also given the responsibility to ensure employee satisfaction through secure compensation of employees and providing proper means of salary pay and job safety, which is the essential need of employees. The hospitality industry has a broad category of fields under the service industry, including; lodgings, event planning, bartender, and transportation industries. The hospitality industry has a broad relationship with Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs as it correlates psychological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and actualization because the needs are obtained from other people. In the bartender’s job, the need for self-actualization enables them to understand the customer’s desire by assessing its importance and how it affects them. The physiological needs are often met even before the bartender meets their guest, as it is achieved by the bar’s attractive outlook. The physiological needs are, therefore, the significant needs offered by the bar. Some bars also offer reproductive leisure services hence contributing to satisfying the
Asia is a landmass described as the world’s largest and most diverse continent. It is more of a geographic term and carries diversity among the areas and regions it encompasses. Asia is hardly a homogeneous continent because it covers a vast area from the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains in Eurasia. Asia is divided into five regions Southwest Asia includes the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Syria, Israel, Iran, and Turkey. Central Asia covers Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. East Asia, South Asia comprises India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, Southeast Asia, Burma, Thailand, Indonesia, and Cambodia. The geographical relationship between China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Mongolia, India, and Vietnam make them Asian. They define Asians through their cultures, language, people, and religion that share different histories. They have a history that dates to Roman times and reference the Roman empire. Asia has many people on earth and is rich in cultural diversity, such as the Indus civilization and the Aryans. Asia is a constructed idea with many and varied traditions from the large region it covers. It is not an absolute unity with cultures that share things in common. This is evident in the richly diverse languages of Asia. The vast majority speak Altaic consisting of Turkic, Mongolian, and Manchu-Tungus, while other predominant languages are the Chines and the Indo-European family of Indo-Aryan, Slavic, Iranian, and Armenia. In addition, the Afro-Asiatic and Caucasian languages are bound in Western Asia. In conclusion, Asia is a collection of many geographically connected cultures. These cultures share histories, such as the western civilization and the growth of centralized agriculture like in China. Based on these realities, it is hard to define Asia as a single unit but a group of regions that change depending on how they are analyzed.
Introduction Identification of different terms is important, especially in two cases, when the language where the term is taken is a second one for a student and when the term is taken from the specific field of knowledge. The language of specific terminology in most cases is not understood by native speakers, saying anything of nonnative speakers. To provide a systematic terminological investigation of any term, a student should create a scheme according to which he/she will conduct research. The main purpose of the current paper is to choose a sub-domain (passive house), to present a terminology case file for the selected five concepts, and complete a term record for each of the five concepts. Terminological information sources First of all, it should be noted that we want to give information on the terms connected with the passive house. The taken term is referred to the language of special purposes. To explain what is meant, it should be pointed that: LSP [language for special purposes] is a formalized and codified variety of language, used for special purposes…with the function of communicating information of a specialist nature at any level… to inform or initiate other interested parties, in the most economic, precise and unambiguous terms possible (Picht & Draskau 1985, p. 3) The concept choice is one of the most important stages of the systematic terminological investigation on the passive house as it gives us an opportunity to be sure that the information you read is exactly what you need (Bowker & Pearson 2002, p. 38). Before beginning the term consideration, the following steps should be completed, “determining research objectives, becoming familiar with the subject field, selecting and evaluating the documentation, and preparing a breakdown of the subject field” (Dubuc 1997, p. 55). Describing the passive house, it is possible to present the term in several concepts, broader, superordinate, subordinate, specific, and non-hierarchical concepts (Wright & Budin 1997, p. 565). Completed 5 term records (one record per concept) Now, we want to represent you with the completed 5 term records (one record per concept) related to the passive house terminology. The following terms are going to be explained low-energy house, thermal insulation, heat recovery, heat demand, and energy saving. Energy-saving terms will be considered in the broader concept that includes the term nature of the topic it deals with (Pavel and Nolet 2001, p. 24). So, energy saving is the term that is related to passive housing and eco-friendly homes, when the building is completed according to the technologies which allow reducing the energy that is spent on house heating. A superordinate concept is “a concept in a hierarchical relationship whose semantic features are inherited by those concepts that are subordinate to it” (Pavel and Nolet 2001, p. 11
Negligence Negligence in the healthcare sector is common and has resulted in the worsening of patients’ conditions or even death. In the healthcare sector, negligence is the failure of a medical practitioner to take the recommended necessary steps to prevent injury or loss to another person. It is different from misjudgment or other medical errors because in this case, the decision is deliberate (Connelly and Serpell, 2020). Although a complicated case in the legal field due to the many principles involved, negligence has resulted in the death and worsening of man patients’ conditions. It is therefore important to carefully handle the cases in the legal sector to ensure that the victims are compensated. Proper education for medical practitioners is also important, as it will prevent similar future cases. Negligence can occur at any stage during healthcare provision, the include, including testing, taking history, giving medical advice, treatment, and reporting the medical results. Many cases are recorded all over the country every year, with patients or kin of patients accusing medical practitioners of worsening their condition or even causing death. For a case to be concluded as negligence in court, it has to meet several parameters (Cheluvappa and Selvendran, 2020). First, the duty of care, the patient must have been placed under the care of a given healthcare practitioner. Second, breach of duty, there is overwhelming evidence that the given practitioner did not meet the basic standard of care. Third, damage, the damage experienced by the patient was easily foreseeable and could have been avoided. Lastly, causation, the damage being claimed must have been caused by a duty breach. If a patient fails to defend the case within these parameters, they are most likely to lose the case because the judge will conclude it was an unfortunate event in the medical sector. Joan River’s case Several profound cases involving medical negligence hit the news headlines in the US in recent years. For example, Joan was a popular comedian in the US before her demise. In 2014, she suffered a sore throat and sought treatment at Yorkville Endoscopy. Joan had previously suffered from acid reflux disease, therefore; she agreed to undergo an endoscopy and a laryngoscopy. The two processes were meant to examine her upper digestive part as well as her vocal cords. A series of medical malpractices and breach of protocol conducted resulted in Joan being unable to breathe because her vocal cords were swollen blocking the esophagus. It was evident that her doctors did not notice a rapid gradual decrease in her vital signs. Fifteen minutes later, she had a cardiac arrest due to insufficient oxygen. Sadly, Rivers died a week later when she was removed from life support (Yahr, 2020). A case filed by her daughter proved Yorkville Endoscopy to be at fault making its medical director step down and her family settled. Joan’s case depicted total negligence on the part of doctors. They failed
A slight alteration of one or more of the biotic and abiotic factors will affect other organisms’ populations in an ecosystem. The biotic factors affecting the deer’s population include human conservation measures, building a highway, the influx of cougars, diseases, and deforestation, while the abiotic factors are temperature, water, rocks, soils, acidity, and humidity. The conservation measures secure a habitat for the deer to thrive in, increasing their population while deforestation and wildfires destroy the habitat, hurting the population. On the other hand, the construction of a highway predisposes the deer to road accidents, leading to decreased numbers. Cougars prey on deer; hence, their influx will cause the population of deer to decrease. The entry of diseases into an ecosystem will cause mortalities of the deer. An increase in precipitation causes the habitat to flourish, food supply is increased, and consequently, the deer population increases as well. An ecosystem refers to a complex community of biotic and abiotic factors, the physical environment, and the interrelationship between them in a given space. Biotic factors entail all living organisms in the community, and they include humans, animals, plants, viruses, and bacteria, while abiotic factors are non-living things such as soil, rocks, water, acidity, and humidity. In an ecosystem, energy is essential, and it is obtained from sunlight. The energy then flows in the ecosystem through a food web. Within the ecosystem, specific organisms occupy a given area referred to as a habitat, which provides them with shelter, nutrition, and water for their survival. Niche entails the ecological role an organism plays in the ecosystem. It is defined by the animal’s behavior, such as how it eats or where it lives. Food Web and Interconnectedness The biotic components of a local ecosystem are plants, grasshoppers, butterflies, frogs, and birds, while the abiotic factors are temperature, water, rocks, soils, acidity, and humidity. In the food web, plants play a vital role. Plants require adequate humidity, soils containing nutrients, water, and appropriate pH for their growth. If there is a deficiency or an excess of one of the abiotic components, the plants may wither, and the food web will be affected. Moreover, the abiotic components form the shelter for some biotic factors such as frogs. Food Web of Biotic Components Activity 2 Predation. Vultures prey on lizards, insects, rodents, small birds. They also feed on animal carcasses. Mutualism. Human beings provide domestic animals with food, shelter, and veterinary care, and in turn, the animals offer milk, eggs, and meat. Mutualism wi
Introduction As Basch (2001) explains, FedEx Corporation is a package delivery and solutions company whose services are consumed by both individuals and businesses globally. Headquartered at Memphis, Tennessee, FedEx Corporation is the current giant in express package delivery services. The firm has a well-established customer base due to the excellence of its services and superior innovative package tracking procedures. It has fully endorsed the culture of “time is money” and has a dedicated team of employees who, despite making just a minimum wage, do all that is possible to ensure that operations at the firm run smoothly and produce the expected results. Macro Environmental Factors Affecting FedEx Corporation The macro environment of an organization is the global business players and it mainly implies the external surroundings. The following are some of the macro environmental factors that affect the delivery operations of the organization and how the factors influence its operations Social factors These are factors that specifically focus on the needs and wants of FedEx customers and the size of the market that FedEx serves. The enterprise stands to benefit in a case whereby the target market is of a high population. Literary levels adversely affect global organizations’ growth in a particular country. The business growth in many countries worldwide is essential to the growth of the firm as more need for courier services arises (Basch, 2001). Economic factors These factors touch on the purchasing and the spending powers of FedEx customers as well as the cost incurred by the company in delivering packages to its customers. World economies fluctuate. Hence, the company needs to be flexible in its service charges to maintain its customers. Denrick (2009) asserts that the FedEx management believes that there exists a huge potential for growth overseas as compared to the market in the US. Trade barriers used to be a challenge for the company, but it is steadily expanding into the European and Asian markets after the fall of these barriers (Denrick, 2009). Additionally, the firm has partnered with the Alliance for Environmental Innovation to develop hybrid diesel-electric delivery vehicles, a move that is expected to save it about fifty percent of total fuel consumption yearly. Political/legal factors Since FedEx is an international company, the delivery of its services to its customers is faced with a number of legal challenges. Countries with no trade regulations grant the company a privilege for excellent delivery services (Norris, 2007). However, FedEx is occasionally faced with the legal problem of accessing some international markets and airports. For instance, China’s statement that China Post had monopoly control over all international domestic shipment of documents made FedEx to partner with DHL, Worldwide and TNT on a legal war of ensuring that China does not “monopolize intra-country jurisdiction ov
Introduction Confucius is an important figure in the history of China. Scientists often argue about the date of his birth (Kaizuka and Bownas 42). He is respected for his morals and views of justice. He often gave lectures on different topics, and the ideas were written down by his students (Freedman and Clement 8). They were later collected in a collection of books called Analects. Many wanted to follow his teachings. Ames and Rosemont state that his colleagues “saw themselves as returning to the tradition and providing metaphysical underpinnings for the views of Confucius and other ancient cultural heroes” (17). In other words, they wanted to expand the ideas that were first introduced by the philosopher. Experience of Confucius Confucius sums up his personal experience in this passage. He tries to explain to his students that life should be dedicated to learning if one wants to achieve the success in the future. The knowledge that is gained when someone is young can be useful later on, and it will help to make right decisions. He also touches the topic of religion. Tian is one of the most important concepts in his teachings, and it symbolizes heaven. What is interesting is that Confucius thinks that a person changes every ten years and discovers something new. It is important that he explains the purpose of life in the last sentence. This passage is most likely one of the latest. Four Disciples This passage is about a conversation between Confucius and his disciples. The t
The Targeted Criminal Case One of the current criminal cases addresses the issue of cultural heritage destruction. On 27 th September 2016, the International Criminal Court (ICC) jailed Almad al-Faqi al-Mahdi for destroying historic shrines and monuments in Timbuktu (Simons 12). The court sentenced the radical Islamist to serve nine years in prison. This criminal case is attention-grabbing because it redefines the role of cultural heritages in the society. This case has encouraged more people to focus on the issue of cultural heritage preservation. Many anthropologists argue that any destruction of cultural heritage should always be treated as a crime against humankind (Simons 12). The case of Almad al-Faqi al-Mahdi goes further to explain why international law should be allowed to address any form of attack on mankind’s heritage. In the recent past, the destruction of historical sites is something that has been used as a critical aspect of warfare (Storm 28). Such attempts have been committed as a way of destroying the identity and historical image of specific racial groups. This case has been widely publicized because of the growing concern to safeguard many religious heritages and cultural monuments. Historians and social scientists believe that the intentional destruction of cultural monuments is currently being used as a war tactic (Simons 12). The tactic has been aimed at disseminating apathy and abhorrence across the globe. Experts also believe that many future extremists will continue to attack every aspect of diversity and critical thinking (Walasek 39). The leveling of the famous Sufi mausoleums in Timbuktu is something that should be taken seriously than ever before. Recently, the historical sites of Aleppo and Palmyra were also destroyed by Islamists. Such acts have the potential to redraw human history and therefore new measures and legal ramifications should be put in place. That being the case, the world should put such destructions into perspective. By so doing, a global strategy of punishment and persecution will be implemented in an attempt to safeguard every human right. Why the International Criminal Court (ICC) Has Jurisdiction Over the Case The International Criminal Court (ICC) has jurisdiction over criminal cases associated with the destruction of cultural heritages (“The International Criminal Court” par. 2). The World Herita
Background Information on the Company Everest kings is a young upcoming Band in the outskirts of London with a self–given message of sensitizing young people against the killer disease AIDS and its repercussion they have put their music in CDS and DVDS for the general public and their major concern now is to go on the “Road Show” to advertise and promote their creative work and create public awareness of the reality of AIDS. Because Everest Kings is newly organized and majorly composed of young people with little experience in marketing; they had to engage Artwork Film and Projection a very experienced company in sales promotion and marketing. The Target Audience These are potential buyers of the company products, current users, deciders or influencers. These are the people who will dictate what to be said, how to be said, when to be said, where to be said and who to say. The Target Audience in this case is the young generation of people of prime age between sixteen years to forty-five years old. These are the people with strength and eagerness to buy and adventure. First consider the audience’s needs; the message, their attitude, willingness to listen to the message and preference, does it appeals to them. Communication Objectives  1. To inform the general public on the upcoming band and their hits on the market  2. To persuade the general public to change their attitude towards unnecessary love triangles for the sake of eliminating contracting the killer disease  3. To remind the consumer that the band’s hits are available in the general markets and specific outlets in the London city. This is to avoid pirated products that are of fake and low quality. Justification of Media and Message This is the problem of finding the most cost-effective media to deliver the desired number of exposures to the target audience( Kotler marketing 629).These are often measured on :  1. Reach: The number of different persons or households exposed to a particular media scheduling.  2. Frequency: The number of times within the specific time period that an average person is exposed to the message.  3. Impact –The qualitative value of an exposure through a given medium The major media types are the Newspapers, television, direct mails, Radio and outdoors. Media planners consider the following variables:   * Target-audience media habits-e.g. Radio TV is effective on teenagers.