ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Incident Management Having a well-developed incident response capacity is very important for any entity because it enables it to detect a risk at its earliest stages and manage it before it becomes a disaster. According to Virshup, Oppenberg and Coleman (1999), incident response capacity ensures that an organization can effectively respond to emergencies fast enough and with the required efficiency necessary to avert possible negative outcomes. This means that an entity will always be ready to respond to incidents and accidents in a way that would minimize the adverse effects as much as possible. The case study about TSF presents one incident that the top management ignored. This firm has been using TSF-ONE in internal data management. It is reported that due to the emerging new trends and the amount of data this firm has to deal with on a regular basis, TSF-ONE has become obsolete. This has slowed data management capacity, sometimes threatening to erode critical data of this organization. The disappearance of TSF’s back-up data due to the insolvency of the service provider is a disaster to this firm. This will cripple its operations unless urgent measures are taken. Based on the incident and disaster mentioned above, TSF needs to enact a disaster response and communication system that will help in rapid communications of events such as those mentioned above. This system will ensure that the response to the disaster or incident and that communication of the information to the relevant stakeholders is done simultaneously. The stakeholders will be informed that the incident or accident occurred and that relevant agencies are making efforts to respond to the issue. The stakeholders in this case will be the donors, employees, and the focus groups benefiting from the services of this firm. In incident management, incident triage plays a very critical role. This assessment tool helps in determining if there is an actual security incident. This eliminates cases where an organization responds to mere threats other than security incidents. It then prioritizes the incidents to enable the organization determine the best ways to respond to multiple incidents in cases where an organization faces multiple threats. Finally, the tool helps the response team to know if there is a need for escalation. This way, the response will be well-calculated, accurate, and fast enough in addressing the issue at hand. The excerpt brings out very important aspects about building contingency plans and capacity. According to Jordan and Silcock (2005), it is almost impossible to eliminate risks. The best that an organization can do is to have measures that can help in managing the risks when they occur. This is the message brought out in this excerpt. When an organization is hit by a disruptive event, in some cases this may exceed its capacity to work under normal routine. The ability of such an organization to overcome such disruptions wholly depends on the contingency measures that it has put in place to deal with the problem. The excerpt clearly describes how such contingency plans work
The reading explicitly details the pathways used by women and men in the United States in the 18 th and 19 th centuries to advocate for the realization of equality of rights across a wide spectrum of domains, including civil, social, economic, political, intellectual, and judicial. From the reading, it is indeed correct to argue that the advocates used open public forums rather than violent means to air their grievances and denounce oppressive and unjust laws. From the reading, it is clear that the activists of this era defined a feminist as someone who was actively involved in fighting against the disenfranchisement, degradation, oppression, and deprivation of women in civil, social, economic, political, intellectual and judicial domains. As such, feminists such as Elizabeth Candy Stanton and Lucy Stone concerned themselves with ensuring that women received immediate admission to all rights, freedoms, and privileges that were inherent to them as citizens of the United States of America (Zinn & Arnove, 2009). In discussing the groups of people included in the ‘first wave’ feminist movement, it is imperative first to point out that it is the women who were exposed to unjust laws, oppression and social, political, and religious degradation. This implies that more enlightened and financially stable black women, such as Susan B. Anthony and Lucy Stone took part in the movement to create awareness and educate their less-enlightened counterparts. While Stone was the first woman in the United States to earn a college degree, Anthony used her resources to publish her newspaper with the sole objective to create awareness among women and encourage them to rebel against repressive forms of law (Zinn & Arnove, 2009). Former slaves and anti-slavery women activists were also involved. The activists, more than anything else, wanted to achieve equality of rights and stop discriminative and oppressive laws, which were made, interpreted, “…administered by men, in favor of men and against women” (Zinn & Arnove, 2009, p. 131). More specifically, the activists wanted women to be given a right to vote in the elective franchise, right to own property, right to be an equal partner in marriage, right to fair remuneration and equal job opportunities, right to education, as well as right to public participation and decision-making in matters of the state and the church (Zinn & Arnove, 2009). The activists relied on the use of open public forums to air their grievances and drive the message home. In 1848, for instance, Elizabeth Canton organized the Seneca Falls convention to appeal to women to demand their rights as citizens. In the convention, Elizabeth said they “…shall employ agents, circulate tracts, petition the State and National legislatures, and endeavor to enlist the pulpit and the press in [they’re] behalf” (Zinn & Arnove, 2009, p. 128). All of these are public forums. Susan B. Anthony used the courtroom to air her grievances, a
In order to analyze, which measures provide beneficial results or appear no to be cost-effective, it is essential to conduct the economic evaluation. In addition, it is vital to prove the effectiveness of the methods, applied in the past, as their outcome may not be sustainable (Marconatto et al., 2016; McKinley, 2019). In addition, the fact that new problems may appear should be taken into consideration. The solutions, which have been implemented previously, are highly likely not to work for the new problems in the physical, social, and economic contexts (McKinley, 2019). Therefore, rigorous and standardized economic evaluation of events is a necessary prerequisite in the process of developing sustainable events. This approach is helpful for analyzing a range of challenges, which are crucial for sustainable development. For instance, it involves economic growth, market-state balance, macroeconomic stability, changes in the economic climate, and other issues (Thomas, 2019). Evaluations may provide a comprehensive analysis of the economic growth effectiveness and efficiency (Thomas, 2019). This appears to be extremely beneficial in the condition of economic crises, as it is possible to predict the negative impact of such circumstances (Thomas, 2019; Dwyer et al., 2015). This insight allows to respond to the problem correctly, minimizing the losses and supplying development in case it is possible. Another issue, which is important for developing sustainable events, implies new tendencies in the market. Occasionally, it is risky to adhere to them, as they are not proven enough for guaranteeing a positive outcome in the long run (McKinley, 2019). Consequently, economic evaluation is useful for conducting an analysis of the new implementations and predicting the results (Dwyer et al., 2015). Thus, rigorous and standardized economic evaluation of events is helpful for addressing numerous issues. Therefore, it contributes to preventing the losses and adhering to sustainable development in the long term. Reference List Dwyer, L., Jago, L. and Forsyth, P. (2015) ‘Economic evaluation of special events: Reconciling economic impact and cost–benefit analysis’, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism . Marconatto, D. A. B., Barin-Cruz, L., Pozzebon, M. and Poitras, J.-E. (2016) ‘Developing sustainable business models within BOP contexts: mobilizing native capability to cope with government programs’, Journal of Cleaner Production, 129, pp. 735-748. McKinley, S. (2019) ‘ New sustainable event management (2019 edition): A free to better green meetings ’, Event Manager .
Introduction Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) is one of the significant achievements of modern medicine, which allows the healing of various wounds. This method is widely accepted for treating surgical sutures, burns, frostbite, bedsores, acute injuries, chronic wounds, and gunshot damages. Vacuum-assisted closure, well-known also as negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and the wound VAC, is a medical procedure that utilizes negative pressure to clean the injury surface and promote its rapid healing. Despite all the significant advantages of VAC and its high effectiveness in recovery, one should not forget about the existence of certain risks and contraindications, which must be familiar to all patients. VAC: Peculiarities of Treatment VAC is effective even in cases when the wound cannot be healed by other means. The primary type of injury treatment around the world has remained the periodic change of medical dressing. However, in 30%, it turns out to be non-effective, and in 10-30%, it does not prevent infection and inflammation (Li et al., 2017). Therefore, NPWT is gaining popularity among patients around the world. It is a non-pharmacologic and non-surgical medical method of wound management, proposed in 1997 and used as an “adjunct or alternate to surgery” (Agarwal et al., 2019, p. 845). Due to negative pressure, VAC therapy reduces swelling and improves blood circulation, which helps accelerate tissue regeneration. In most cases, it helps to avoid infection, ischemia, and necrosis and promotes tissue perfusion (Eldenburg et al., 2020). Thus, the wound VAC keeps an injury moist, increases blood flow, and decreases the infection rate. This type of healing is carried out using special devices, which there are both disposable and reusable. Reusable stationary devices are utilized in clinics, while some tools can be bought and used at home. Most devices consist of gauze or foam dressing and “semi-transparent biological films to cover the wound area,” then the dressing is connected “with negative-pressure device by drainage” (Li et al., 2017, p. 2211). The treatment process is quite simple: with the help of a tube, the fluid that has arisen due to inflammation is sucked out of the wound, and the membrane creates a vacuum inside the injury. Due to its ease of use, a person without medi
Introduction Parenting is the central role of family, which is the basic unit of society. Thus, a society is characterized by the quality of parenting achieved at the family level. The stigma surrounding single parenthood is borne out of the contemporary notion that family comprises a father, mother and children (Hanson, 44). Single parent families are thus vilified on the notion that they are deficient. In some instances, weakened gender-identity and poor self-esteem culminates from the existence of single parenthood. Parenting involves responsibilities and resources, which one individual cannot avail at the desired time and in the required proportion. Despite the significance of parenting to the life of an individual, little or no formal grounding is available for would-be parents on how to best execute the job (Hanson, 45). The concept of single parenthood highlighted is that of a single motherhood. As a result, most families characterized by single parenthood comprise of a single mother (Bornstein, 56). Growing up under the care of single parent has its influence on the personality of an individual. In spite of the challenges facing single parents, the implicit differences in an individual’s personality cannot be accurately attributed to the type of parenting they receive. However, as postulated by McLanahan & Sandefur p1, “Children who grow up in a household with only one biological parent are worse off on average than children who grow up in a household with both of their biological parents, regardless of the parents race or educational background, whether the parents were married when the child was born and …of whether the resident parent remarries”p1. Single parent households face numerous challenges as discussed hereunder. However, these challenges are relative to the situation faced by families headed by both parents. Financial challenge The ability of a single parent to avail sufficient financial resources for upbringing of a child is limited. Hanson (p56) posits that poverty limits the ability to look after children in addition to personal needs of the parent. It also has far-reaching adversities such as poor performance at school, youth delinquency and poor self-concept. The associated unavailability of proper housing, insecurity and abuse increase the influence of single-parenthood to development of a child in spite of the fact that wealth is no guarantee of positive outcome in character of the children. However, resource availability boosts the affordability of some necessary amenities. As outlined by McLanahan & Sandefur (p 10), in 1980, the overall dropout rate was 19
Introduction In the medical sciences, administration of anesthesia is a regular practice without which procedures cannot be carried out smoothly. The role of an anesthesia is to provide numbness to an area where a patient is to be operated, making it senseless, and easing the task of getting treatment for any disorder that occurs. How Local Anesthetics Alter Impulse Propagation The anesthesia is a form of medicine that is inserted into the body through the form of injections, or through inhalation. Anesthesia may be local, pertaining to a certain part of the body, or general, which affects the entire body, causing unconsciousness. Local anesthetics are administered to cause a temporary loss of sensory and motor functions in a distinct part of the body, where some specific medical attention is needed (Morgan, et. al, 2002). There are certain actions that take place in the cells and nerves of the body, which involve processes of diffusion and active transport of chemicals like sodium, potassium, etc. The normal function of cells is stopped by the administration of chemicals. The sodium channel receptors are bound to the anesthesia, which halt normal functioning of cells. The sodium ions are unable to flow into the neurons; this also inhibits the potassium ions from coming out of them, which in turn stops the depolarization of the nerve (Copeland, R., 2009). Whatever anesthetic is used for regional anesthesia, affects the duration of the block of the sodium and potassium ion exchange. One of the most commonly used anesthetics includes bupivacaine hydrochloride, which provides the most effective pain reduction during surgery. Lidocaine is used with other anesthetics to reduce pain effect also. These mixtures work differently according to the procedure that is to be employed to the patient; doctors have their preferences. If the aforementioned anesthetics are used on their own, even then their effects would be the same, so it is not necessary to mix them (Ribotsky et.al, 1996). The Anesthesia That Would Suit Mrs. Jones Best Mrs. Jones is a 42 year old healthy woman; she is undergoing a periodontal debridement for two quadrants of her teeth, which are quadrants 1 and 4 respectively. She needs to be given local anesthesia, and there has to be a selection for which anesthesia would suit her condition best (“Basic Injection Technique”). It would be best to administer lidocaine with epinephrine for the first to the eighth teeth, i.e. the first quadrant, for infiltration. This is because lidocaine when combined with epinephrine causes lesser chances of allergic reactions. Not every chemical suits every person upon being injected into the body, just like the case of medicines. Therefore, it is necessary to opt for the anesthetic that would cause the least probability of an allergy. As for the fourth quadrant, an inferior alveolar block numbing from the 25 th to th
Introduction Life is a series of challenges that helps us to develop; each stage in our life presents us with a challenge to face and a lesson to learn. Failing to overcome any challenge in one stage of life dearly affects us in the next stage or later stages of life as we would have missed out on an important lesson. Erickson’s model of development offers a wonderful way of explaining our development stages. The theory outlines eight major development stages that a person undergoes in his/her life. Different terms are used to explain Erikson’s model, for instance, bio-psychological or bio-psychosocial. All these terms refer to the identical eight stages of Erikson’s psychosocial model. This model is one of Erikson’s most distinctive works (Roazen, 1976). Erikson Eight Stages In Life Eriksson’s concept is simple and neat, however, it is very sophisticated, and the concept is a base for extensive or complex discussion and examination of personality and behavior. The concept is also important for understanding and also for facilitating personal development – of oneself and others (Crain, 1985). The main elements in the concept Stage One; Birth to 12 to 18 Months the Oral Stage; Trust vs. Mistrust This is the infant stage; the infant is feed and comforted by the mother through teething and sleeping. This stage is characterized by the infant developing trust or mistrust towards people according to how it will be treated specially by the mother (Crain, 1985). In this stage we find that Long ago, people never used to pay much attention to a child’s development process. Once a baby was born, the changes between adulthood and birth were ignored. Their physical growth and cognitive abilities were not very important. From the 20 th century child’s development matters were dealt with seriousness. During this time, much emphasis was put on abnormal behavior. Generally when a child is born; the parents expect him or her to develop normally into a mature human being. A child is expected to go through infancy, early childhood then middle childhood. Development of a child is naturally continuous and gradual. This includes socially, emotionally, and physicall
Abstract Arson is the crime of threatening property and lives by use of fire, deliberately. The question that stirs the conscience of the public is why people cause harm by lighting fires deliberately. There are possible motives that lead to commission of Arson and homicides. They include; animosity, concealment of crime, profit, vandalism and political objectives. Heterogeneous and multiple factors that operate in any given circumstance limit the offenders’ classification. The victim support organization has done a research whose results shows that bereaved families need support from voluntary and statutory agencies as well as proper investigation of the crimes. They include; courts, social services and groups supporting victims voluntarily. Introduction According to (Williams, 1985), whenever there is an investigation regarding homicide or arson, research has shown that it is very important to consider ethical issues to come up with the best results as well as obtain the same kind of information in future. Studies have shown that, there exist a lot of ethical problems whenever officers are at the task of investigating a particular crime and studies are now geared towards the reduction of such problems to encourage the members of the community to cooperate more on the issues. Even when the victims of crime are caught and taken to court for prosecution, other problems arise if the officer who was investigating never did his work following ethical standards. Some of the issues are related directly to the professional standards followed during the investigation. Ethical issues encountered (Smith, 1997) found that, most of the agencies that are employed to research regarding crime end up complicating the issues already at hand. This leaves the victims in a desperate situation rather helping them to rehabilitate. The effect is also felt by the members of the community as they end up risking their lives especially when the information given by them and was meant to be in confidence, is disclosed. Such members may not be willing to cooperate with the investigators in future for fear of risking their life again. Other than investigating on the perpetrators of homicide, the investigators are equally supposed to organize for support the victims. This should be in terms of finance as well as giving them moral support as the primary goal should be taking care of the victims besides ensuring that, such act do not occur in future. Before investigation, the officers should explain to the respondent regarding the topics that he/she is going to investigate. This is important as it allows the respondent to organize their mind and this promotes achieving best results. If this chance is not created, victims as well as the respondents are likely to give wrong answers due to ignorance if not out of fear. Sometimes the officers in charge of the process use threats and force respondent to give false information that later fails to be substantiated during pros
The marketing strategy of IKEA mainly deals with product development, promotion activities, pricing, and customer relationship management. An ideal start time and the exact and precise network of people and the time frame within the organization are to be established. “The marketing strategy allows to develop the notoriety of IKEA and creates traffic in stores. The stores, the products, the catalogs are practically the same all over the world, but the strategy and the plan of communication are defined by each country” ( IKEA survey and its report , 2006). The marketing strategy of IKEA has to focus much on the value chain of the competitors in the developing process and they include the elimination of other players from the market. The entire analysis of the behavior of key factors has to be considered, like the behavior, mode of operation, key functional areas, etc. IKEA’s market driving of the organization can be said to create awareness and to make the customer aware of the dynamic conditions within the firm and to develop a unique value chain. “The economy may be looking fiat, but in any economy great design, good quality and low price work. And the thing about IKEA is, shoppers, can get everything under one roof” (Duff 2006). The manufacture of the IKEA products is done considering the cordial relationship with customers and other intermediaries involved in the development of the products. The IKEA method of manufacturing had a high reputation in various kinds of products and is specially designed for the code of conduct in the market. As house packing is the new form of innovative business, more attention needs to be paid to convenience, transport, benefits, and safety measures. These are the main criteria which an individual is looking forward to in taking up the flat or a housing unit. The main innovatory idea behind the flat pack is to make the idea much beneficial for the economic class in the disaster situation, the flat is designed in such a way that the investment is low in compared to the competitor product, the design is done in such a way that the maximum usage of the space is done and the locally available materials are used for the construction, the rubble foundation is used for the construction, the bricks are used for the construction of the walls which can save the cost up to 6-10% in comparison to the laterite stone, The concrete doors and windows are used instead of the wooden doors and windows. The pricing system used for the flat pack