ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The coronavirus pandemic that started in February 2019 became a tragedy for millions of people globally and changed the lives of billions. High death rates and the rapid spread of the virus endangered the health and lives of people, resulting in increasing and unpredictable job losses. Doctors and nurses took on the general responsibility to stop the pandemic, risking their lives. Technology played a particular role in the fight against the virus when scientists started to search the ways of solving current problems. This paper argues that technological change has not deepened globalization or weakened the relevance of the nation-state but was used as an effective tool to fight the virus. During the past three years, not all society members could fully realize the danger brought by the disease. For many people, the problems of declining economic activity or income from the tourism industry were no less of a concern than the immediate danger posed by the virus. Public attention has been overly focused on social issues, including lockdown restrictions. Despite the apparent victory over the disease after the development of vaccines and the mass vaccination of the population in 2021 in the United States, China, India, and other countries, new strains of the virus spread rapidly due to insufficient restrictive travel measures. Today, the omicron variant of the virus poses no less serious threat than previous strains. The spread of the virus in Singapore continues, with the latest news mentioning 15,000 confirmed cases per day (“Singapore could see more than 15,000 COVID-19 cases,” 2022). Public health and government officials are urging the public to get vaccinated, as most new cases of illness occur among unvaccinated people (“Singapore could be ‘halfway or more’ through its current COVID-19 surge,” 2021). Singapore is one of the countries where technology is actively used to improve patient safety. For example, in 2020 a SARs testing device was first used to take biological material from the nasal sinuses (“How did Singapore invent and innovate during COVID-19,” 2021). Experts note that this technological innovation is very effective, as it reduces the risks of infection and ensures better conditions for patients’ treatment. In general, reducing direct contact with covid-positive patients is necessary to improve the daily workflows. For example, at Singapore Alexandra Hospital, a unique robotic device was used to inspect COVID-19 patients in isolation (“Alexandra Hospital using robot technology,” 2020). The robot looks like a tripod on gyroscopic wheels with a screen and control buttons and moves along the hospital corridors from ward to ward. This technological innovation allows doctors to visit patients without contact and communicate in a more relaxed environment. Equally interesting, in 2020, the Singapore Tourism Board decided to use technology to help the industry build resilience. The experts noted that co
The speech by Stephen Colbert was recorded when he delivered it at the White House Correspondent’s Dinner on April 29, 2006. This dinner is held annually at the conference room of the Washington Hilton hotel and is aimed at gathering the media representatives, the President, and Vice President at this meeting. The white House Correspondents’ Association is the organization consisting of media representatives who cover the information about the President and the situation in the White House. The meeting is held every year; different presidents have attended this annual dinner. The present meeting was held in presence of the President George W. Bush and the Vice President including also representatives of the media, celebrities, and politicians. Stephen Colbert started his speech after being invited by the president of the White House Press Corps Association, Mark Smith. The speech of Stephen Colbert at the annual 2006 White House Correspondent’s Dinner was delivered in a very original manner. He was playing a role he usually plays at his TV show on Comedy Central while presenting his Colbert Report . So, all his remarks and jokes were aimed at addressing the audience and making fun of the media representatives as he claimed that they have been victimizing the President G. W. Bush and his actions instead of covering the events that took place. As an example, Stephen Colbert told that they (media representatives) should take notes of whatever the President says and whatever the Press Secretary of the White House introduces to the press and should present that information as it goes in their publications instead of turning around all facts and claims by the President. Another peculiar feature of this speech is that the author was instantly peeping in his notes as if he had a set of speaker’s notes that were numbered in the wrong order. So, it seemed that Colbert was jumping from one topic to another making jokes and commenting on the media representatives, politicians, and other guests that were present at the dinner. Moreover, Colbert was addressing the President as if he was his friend and his equal and compared himself with the President in different concepts that were quite clear for the audience because they all were aware of the most prominent speeches and beliefs of the President. The context of the Stephen Colbert’s speech includes the audience and the way he delivered his speech. As such, it is necessary to analyze the pace with which he presents his speech because it varies from the slow when he peeps into his notes and makes special emphasis to the fast when he introduced a wel
Gendered contexts and gendered pathways are the two most recent trends in criminology. They suggest that gender will be hugely included in mainstream criminological theories. Gendered pathways strategy scrutinizes the developmental courses and life experiences, which involve females as opposed to males (Wesely 305). This approach resembles the life course strategy. There are mainstream approaches that recognise the close association between somebody being an offender or victim. These include the presence of anger in the general strain theory and the depression that an individual experiences when he is a victim. The force makes the individual appear more of an offender. These are perfect illustrations of the gendered pathways. However, it is worth noting that these are regarded as more descriptive as opposed to explanatory. Gendered pathways deal with the trajectories that lead to criminal activities. Moreover, there is a concern for the social contexts and factors that promote entrance or distancing from crime, in addition to how these are gendered (Wesely 315). On the other hand, the gendered context strategy handles the variations in men and women socialization experiences. The approach also assesses the opportunity variations that each of the groups has, too involved in miscreant behaviour. Depending on whether an adolescent has been socialized femininely or masculinely, the delinquency route differs significantly. Gendered pathways possess the greatest promise for elaborating the differences in women criminality. Gendered pathways mainstream criminology approach focuses on explaining why females have a less likelihood of engaging in crime, as opposed to males. Moreover, the approach elaborates why the crimes that females commit differ significantly from those committed by males (Sherman et al 30). Combining gender socialization and general strain theories is greatly useful in comprehending gendered pathways. Gender has a great influence on the delinquency route that an individual follows. Consequently, adolescents are femininely or masculinely socialized and differ significantly in their responses and perceptions of crime. Consequently, this influences the probability of a reaction to delinquency, as well as the form of delinquency selected. Depending on the condition of the environment that a woman engages in, they might be forced by circumstances to engage in crime. Women’s behaviour may be influenced by their peers, home, school, and community environment. It is common for women to conflict with their parents frequently. This may result in crimes such as drug trafficking and prostitution. According to the judicial and patriarchal legal systems, women are left with no options. How girls react to these conflicts and the processing results of legal systems, remain with the girls long after adolescence. Criti
Civil Rights Initiatives in the 20 th Century Despite the fact that USA was an independent state advocating for freedom and equality to all, the Jim Crow Laws that were in practice from 1886 to 1965 proved otherwise (Laderman and Leon, 2003). These laws advocated to racial segregation in the utilization of public facilities between white Americans and African Americans. Despite the fact that this segregation was supposed to lead to separate but equal utilization of public resources and amenities, the conditions of African Americans kept deteriorating. In addition to this, discriminatory voting practices were put in place that disqualifies most African Americans from exercising their democratic right. All these factors led to development and growth of the civil rights movement in the United States of America. Several civil rights initiatives were developed by African Americans to fight for their rights as humans and as citizens of the United States of America. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a prime example of a civil rights initiative that was formed during the 20 th century. Under the chairmanship of Edgar Nixon and support of influential people like Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr., NCAAP fought for political, social and economic equality for all (Dye, 2010). At the same time, the initiative advocated for the elimination of racial discrimination and racial segregation in the United States. The Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 was one of the most successful demonstrations that NCAAP organized (Jeffrey, 2009). After refusing to give up her seat on the African American section of the bus, Rosa Parks, an African American woman and a civil rights activist was arrested and charged by the court of law. NCAAP took advantage of this situation to air their grievances against the Jim Crow Laws. With the assistance of Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) that was led by Martin Luther King Jr., the bus boycott lasted for 381 days. This move by the African Americans in Alabama led to a decline in business for bus services. Due to its impacts, the Supreme Court repealed the section of the law that supported racial segregation on public transport. The court termed this law as unconstitutional (Shores, 2005). NCAAP, through Martin Luther King Jr. also played a critical role in the organization of the Washington March on 28 August 1963. The peaceful demonstration was successful, attracting over 250,000 people from all over the United States. These people were from different races and backgrounds. The main aim of the demonstration was to urge the government to increase minimum wage, bring an end to police brutality and to advocate for the rig
Brian Doyle’s short essay, Joyas Voladoras, focuses on the various aspects of the heart in both animals and humans. In his work, Doyle concentrates on illustrating the significance of the role of the heart in living beings. He offers clear illustrations by using metaphors and shifting from the physical aspect of the heart to its deeper psychological significance. The author provides various distinctive approaches when bringing out the idea of the heart ranging from a solemn tone to a more ordinary one. The essay opens with facts about hummingbirds, which is a nice way to attract the readers’ attention, as one becomes interested to know much about this extraordinary bird. The author uses metaphors cleverly to figure out specific details that increase credibility. This credibility spreads throughout the entire essay since known facts back every assumption. Moreover, Doyle targets hyperboles so that to emphasize the originality of the bird: “Joyas Voladoras, flying jewels, the first white explorers in the Americas called them, and the white man had never seen such creatures…” (qtd. in Barthlomae, Petrosky, and Waite 147). Concerning the stylistic techniques, which are employed by the author at work, he makes extensive use of connectives. Specifically, he directs his attention to the usage of transformational or identical repetitions. For instance, the tendency may be traced in the following sentences: “A hummingbird’s heart beats ten times a second. A hummingbird’s heart is the size of a pencil eraser. A hummingbird’s heart is a lot of the hummingbird” (qtd. in Barthlomae, Petrosky, and Waite 147). The method assists the author in putting a high logical emphasis on the subject of the passage. In the second paragraph, Doyle explains the mighty talents of the hummingbird, such as having the ability to dive at a speed of six miles per hour or fly long distances without stopping to rest. The author switches quickly to explain the dangers underlying this practice. He tries to communicate to the audience that life can as well be that fragile. He uses the metaphor of the hummingbird to pass the message that people may think to be at the top of a situation, but any time could be a downfall the same way a hummingbird. The bird is compared by the author to many things, which bear some resemblance to a hummingbird. In this way, an extended sentence of vivid comparisons evolves: “Consider for a
There are so many cases that have been reported to have originated from domestic violence that is particularly afflicted to the youths, which expose them to many hardships. Many youths suffer a lot due to ill treatment that starts when they are still very young due to the fact that they are more vulnerable to violence at a tender age. Any abuse that is done to children, particularly sex abuse, leaves a scar in their lives. This affects them for long time hence making most of the youth to lead a life full of problems while they do not have anything to do with what is going on in their lives. This paper will comprehensively discuss sex abuse as one of the most critical type of domestic violence that youths suffer and some of the negative effects of the vice. Sexual abuse is one of the common types of domestic violence that majority of the youth live suffering the aftermath of its perpetration. Youths who have suffered sexual cruelty in most cases happen to have been abused when they were young since at the tender age they are very prone to any kind of maltreatment due to the fact that they are weak and innocent. This kind of violence have been so unusual in the past years but it has come to be the most widespread case in society despite the fact it has not been put into limelight (Geffner, Jaffe, & Sudermann 150). Most of the incidences that relate to this kind of violence are barely mentioned hence getting a better opportunity to continue breeding up. According to Carter, children who face sexual molestation tend to suffer several bad conditions that are propagated as they grow up to become youths and even at the later stages of life (1). The following paragraphs explain some of the hardships that the youths undergo due to sexual violence that is done to them in their childhood. To begin with, youths who are harassed sexually are likely to suffer the lack of self esteem, especially in the case of female victims. This is whereby the girl who has undergone such kind of abuse may lack confidence in her feminine nature, and this may make her develop hatred towards men since she still reminisce what was done to her in the past. Such memories will remain to give her nostalgi
Introduction This report is written with the purpose of demonstrating the knowledge and understanding of ethics in information systems. For the purpose of this study, the code of conduct for Australian Migration Agents has been analysed for comparison with the Australian Computer Society professional code of conduct. The report begins with a brief overview of the selected business, where things such as its structure and objectives are clearly observed and highlighted. There is also a detailed analysis of the code of conduct currently applied by the organisation in its missions and objectives. The observed code is then compared and contrasted with that of the Australian Computer Society (ACS), to identify any similarities and differences. In this context, any notable omissions to the selected code of conduct are noted, and recommendations for future inclusions as well as revisions are proposed. Finally, the report closes with a conclusive paragraph which summarises the key elements presented in the paper. Summary of the Business Australian migration agents are business organisations which specialize in migration issues in the country. These businesses are accredited with the right to offer experienced and professional advice on immigration services ranging from visa processing to the provision of legal advice on immigration. Australian migration agents who have already registered under the relevant regulations are authorised to carry a number of services related to immigration (ACS 2012). Some of these services would include advice on immigration procedures as well as visa provision and processing on behalf of clients. Australian migration agents are known to have a long history of operation considering the fact that Australia is one of the most visited regions of the world. Australia is characterised by a strong political stability plus a thriving economy; these two options are enough to justify the huge numbers of visitors and immigrants entering the country every year. The operations of Australian migration agents are regulated by the Migration Agents Registration Authority, simply known as the MARA. This is a government authority that deals with the registration and control of migration agents in the country. The migration agents are required to have a sound knowledge and understanding of the Australian Immigration Law, which is a mandate to any business which is involved in immigration matters. Some Australian migration agents have gone a step ahead to become dedicated members of the Migration Institute of Australia, a body that offers immigration-related updates and relevant seminars to its members (Morgan 2006). More importantly, all Australian migration agents are expected to maintain a constant professional development by remaining loyal to the code of conduct which has been presented to them. In order to ensure strict adherence of the provided ethical standards, all Australian Migration Agents are expected to display the codes openly in their offices or places of work where they can be seen by the clients. Analysis of the
The social-biological interface has proved to be very important as far as the human life is concerned. Several problems have been solved through studying the social-biological interface. This essay paper will discuss about some of the challenges that have been solved through this study (Berkman & Kawachi, 2000). Although some problems have found their solutions through this study, some other health problems remain questionable to the specialists. For instance, the importance of good diet to be consumed by human beings is a crucial aspect that is realized through this study. The Japanese have been able to maintain their good eating habits, hence enjoying good health due to consumption of low serum cholesterol that protects them from deadly diseases such as heart failure and diabetes. The study of social-biological interface has helped to shape the life of Japanese who immigrated into United States, as it was unavoidable to adopt the new way of life in the new country. Moreover, the social-biological study has managed to provide other causes of acute and deadly diseases apart from unhealthy eating. The environment in which people live is also a major cause of such illnesses. For instance, a continued stress may result to a fatal illness despite how well one is feeding (Berkman & Kawachi, 2000). Through a stressing moment, a hormone called cortisol is secreted into the blood stream and has both positive and negative impacts on human bodies. One of its positive impacts of this hormone is a heightened memory functions, and a lower sensitivity to pain. The hormone helps the body to recover from a stressing moment and get back to normal. When someone experiences the same condition severally, it becomes hard for that hormone to save the situation hence resulting to a chronic status of stress. The social-biological study has assisted people to realize the importance of handling life hard situations to create a health environment free from stress. The introduction of stress management techniques and application of relevant lifestyle changes can help to promote the health status of human bodies. In addition to health eating habits, mostly with lower levels of cholesterol and provision of a good environment can help in promoting a health society (Samuel, 2001). For a period, most of people had a perception of health food as the solution to every illness, but other factors are also to be considered. Human beings are both social and biological beings, and that is why it is very crucial for anyone to u
Introduction A surge in the demand of food coupled with rising populations in the developing economies will lead to serious food insecurities for most households in these economies. Bearing in mind that food insecurity today is measured by the daily nutrient intake in the recommended daily allowances and by other non-food attributes provided either privately or publicly by the government and by the health status of an individual (Martorell & Ho 1984). Developing economies are characterized by rain-fed economies where availability of food is dependent on the availability of sufficient rainfall. When natural calamities strike in the form of famine, disease, or floods, the households find themselves risking starvation unless emergency food aid is supplied. Serious malnutrition, especially in women and children is rampant as the people generally have low purchasing power and cannot be able to buy food adequately during off seasons. This is a perpetual challenge these governments are facing to prevent chronic food insecurity in their countries. To improve the situation, a long-term approach is necessary coupled with other mitigation factors to create a self-sufficient generation that is well fed. The Food demand surge will be driven by Rapid population increase Despite fertility levels declining, both in the developed world and developing world, the population increase is still significant enough to warrant