ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction South East Asia is one of the regions in the world that have serious water problem. Such countries as India, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Maldives, Sri-Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan have had persistent water crisis for the last several years. Water is an important resource that a society cannot do without. Clean water is used in various sectors within a country. As Stafan (2009, p. 1) states, this is a basic commodity that one cannot do without. This scholar notes that a city cannot run without clean water. Agriculture needs clean water for it to be sustainable. The industrial sector cannot be successful if they don’t have constant supply of clean water. It is therefore an undisputed fact that clean water is a product that a country must access at all costs. It is therefore worrying that these countries have been experiencing gradual clean water shortage within the last one century. The rate of this decrease is very alarming. Since 1950, the average supply of water per capita in this region has drastically dropped by 70 percent (Srabani 2010, p. 1). This scholar notes that this region has been experiencing a constant decrease in the supply of clean water per capita because of the imbalance between supply of water, and population decrease. As the population in this region is constantly on the rise, most of the reliable sources of clean water are declining. This has made this commodity very rare and precise in this region. This paper is focused on factors affecting access to clean water resources in south Asia, the Middle East and the Nile river basin, and how future conflict over water in these regions be avoided. Factors Affecting Access to Clean Water Resources in South Asia and Middle East The regions in South Asia and Middle East have had a number of factors that have affected availability of clean water. Some of these factors are natural, while others are caused by activities of people in this area. Climate change is one of the leading reasons why there is a constant decline of clean water. The region has been experiencing erratic climatic conditions in the last 50 years (Nick & Sangar 2012, p. 1). There has been prolonged drought in this region. When rain comes, it is always disruptive. It is always difficult to harvest this rain water because most of the people are always preoccupied with protecting themselves from the water itself. Cyclones have also become very common in this region, making the situation even worse. It becomes very complex to make the situation better. The rivers in this region have become seasonal. They easi
Subjective section R.A is a 16-year-old female with type 1diabetes first diagnosed 5 years ago. She is also obese and has hypothyroidism. She was binge drinking, but quit 2 years ago upon being advised that alcohol could worsen her health condition. Unless when she has an emergency, she usually comes to the hospital for follow-up every month. Today, she has come for routine follow-up. Although she is asymptomatic, her blood pressure is 170/99 mmHg. She does not report any episodes or symptoms of hypoglycemia. She was using insulin, but stopped 8 months ago after she improved her condition. Objective analysis R.A has a healthy appearance and she is not characterized by signs of acute distress. Upon being physically examined, it is shown that she has a height of 165cm, weight of 90kg and a pulse rate of 86 beats per minute. The physical examination also reveals that she has a blood pressure of 170/99 mmHg. She does not present with retinopathy or thyromegaly (the retina is healthy and the thyroid glands are not inflamed). Also, she does not have diabetic foot ulcers that are common in diabetic patients. Laboratory tests show that she has proteinuria, a cholesterol level of 230mg/dL, normal TSH levels, Hb level of 9.5%, creatinine level of 1.7mg/dL, glucose level of 190mg/dL, HDL and LDL of 134 and 35mg/dL respectively. Also, laboratory results reveal that she has normal electrolytes. Assessment analysis Related complications These are complications with which the patient presents. They are the following:   * Hypertension   * Dyslipidemia   * Nephropathy that is confirmed by proteins in the blood. It is an indication that kidney nephrons are not functioning well to ultra-filter blood. Thus, excreted urine has traces of proteins (Ludvigsson et al., 2008). Risk factors Risk factors could worsen type 1 diabetes in the patient. They are the following factors:   * Obesity, which is indicated by a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 25.   * Kidney malfunction (indicated by a high creatinine value of 1.7mg/dL).   * Hypertension (readings are greater than 140/90 mmHg).   * A1C>/= 5.7%. Therapeutic goals   * Clinical efforts should focus on controlling glycemia to A1C level less than 7%. (However, caution should be taken so that hypoglycemia cannot be caused in the process of controlling blood sugar).
Prostitution sometimes referred to as the “world’s oldest vocation”, is a phenomena that exists in almost every culture in the world. Prostitution is often carried out by prostitutes who are paid for sexual encounters or exposure. These prostitutes are normally found on the streets of different areas or working in prostitution buildings or centers, referred to as Brothels. In the case of the organized working where there is a boss who receives the price then pays them a portion of the money; the boss is referred to as a ‘Pimp’ if a man and ‘Madame’ if a woman. Some places commonly known for prostitution is Amsterdam within the Red Light region (Scheb & Scheb II, 2008). The legality of prostitution differs from one region to another, where in different countries different advances are used in controlling or stopping the practice. In some countries decriminalization is applied that views prostitution as a profession like any other. Prohibitions where, prostitution is viewed as a crime and the people caught practicing it at different levels are prosecuted by the law. Regulation is another approach applied where the practice is looked at as a profession and therefore controlled by the state; through issuing of licenses to brothels, prostitutes undergoing health procedures and registration, and owners of brothels and the prostitutes themselves taxed. The other approach is Abolition where the whores are considered victims of the situation, but the people who run prostitution businesses and their customers are punishable before the law. In short prostitution is legal in countries like Turkey, Netherlands and Germany, but illegal in others (Scheb & Scheb II, 2008). However there is also a second side of prostitution in which the sex workers do not do it at will, but are forced to. Some of these prostitutes are victims of human trafficking, kidnap, child prostitution and sexual slavery. Some of the countries where this problem is very evident are Thailand, India and the Philippines. The strategy used to make these forced prostitutions work, is confiscation of the travel documents of the victims; detainment to avoid their escape; violent threats against their families and relatives; and death threats among other harsh threats (Scheb & Scheb II, 2008). One of the chief strategies of controlling prostitution is through improving the environments where prostitution practices take place. The common places for prostitution include; the areas where their activities do not conflict with the justifiable businesses that are carried out. These places that offer a comfort zone for this crime is; cheap motels, bars, coffee shops and drug dealing venues. The reason prostitution is accommodated here is that; it promotes the inflow of customers and business in the search for their services. Other areas that encourage the practice include dimly lit locations, abandoned buildings and alleys. The strategy to be employed in this case is the improvement of these places that includes improving lighting conditions, removal of abandoned buildings and introduction of active activities in questionable st
In the book “The Right Stuff”, the author bases his ideas on a desire to discover why astronauts agreed to take high risks of space-flight. These flights were carried out in America’s post-war tests and were done with high-powered, trial rocket-propelled spacecraft picked for NASA space programs. This paper, therefore, shows “The Right Stuff” as being fearless courage within and the knowledge of survival in life-threatening moments, and also shows how it can be beneficial and detrimental to mankind. The Right Stuff as conveyed by the author in this book shows how a space program in the U.S. was an annoyance to astronauts at first. This later turned into a life and death situation forcing them to use their survival instincts in life-threatening moments. The achievement made the astronauts American heroes. The right stuff shows how the astronauts were pushed to the limits to achieve the highest speeds while risking their lives on a day-to-day basis. Although it proved beneficial, ‘The Right Stuff’ was still detrimental in some aspects. The right stuff also centers on seven astronauts who after going through hectic training programs, eventually put to use the skills they attained in life-threatening situations elevating them to almost legendary status in the U.S. This was during post-war experiments. At the time, there was a space race between Americans and Russians. These men were specially trained to beat the Russians who seemed ahead of the game every time. They were termed heroes because they volunteered to venture into space in crafts that were known to often blow up. The kind of training they underwent was what instilled the right stuff into them, enabling them to achieve their set goals. In this book, there is the depiction of fear being created constantly. For example, as stated by Wolfe (332) the astronauts were depicted as being scared, reckless and nervous while in real sense, this was the required recipe (right stuff) for this kind of undertaking. This was because it was a death-defying mission that required this kind of fearless courage from within and knowledge which was necessary for survival and accomplishment of the events. Consequently, “The Right Stuff” harmed them. “The Right Stuff” also seemed to harm almost all stakeholders. As much as the space program seemed beneficial to the country, the astronauts prepared to go to their limits. It also looked highly perilous. This is shown by Wolfe when an astronaut (Glenn) was told to orbit about seven times which was subsequently reduced to three. Glenn, in the book, seemed ready to tackle all the seven orbits when the book stated him asking; “only three orbits?” (Wolfe 332). At this juncture, the book shows that despite the risks, the astronaut still felt he could go seven orbits. This was a very hazardous aspect. The book also expounds on the negative impacts of this program as portrayed by the wives of the astronauts. Their wives knew they were at risk because the rocket-propelled crafts could easily explode killing their husbands. They
Macroeconomics Indices Microeconomic indices are the indicators that demonstrate the economic status of a country (Mankiw, 2006). They give a direction as to how the economy would grow in the future. The governments, private investors and other organizations use this information as a key business decision making tool. It gathers historical data that relates to the economy and compares it to current trends. This enables the investor to compile a snapshot of economic fluctuations. The changes in the economy may affect the direction of an indicator. It may be lagging, coincident or leading (Mankiw, 2006). Lagging indicators remain the same until after the economy has changed, whereas, leading indicators change before the economy has recognized the change. However, coincident indicators move at the time the economy changes. Example of the coincident indicator is the Gross Domestic Product (Economic About, 2006). Examples of macroeconomic indicators include retail sales, real GDP, inflation rates, unemployment rates, savings rates and housing rates (Mankiw, 2006). Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Real (GDP) is described as the most comprehensive measure of United States economic performance (Mankiw, 2006). It is mostly used by the Federal Reserve Bank whose duty is to sustain the level of growth with stable prices and full employment. American policy makers are able to evaluate the performance in relation to the banks primary goal. They achieve this objective by monitoring trends in the overall growth rate. Other economic variables like rate of inflation and unemployment are also studied. The gross domestic product measures services and products that are purchased or sold in the American economy. The National Council of Economic Education (NCEE) confirms changes in the economic sector are of significance. The changes to GDP provide the actual figures of what has happened. It provides a clue as to the qualities of American commodities without any change in the inflation level. According to the article under review, the U.S.’s GDP would fall by 25% from its current $ 14 trillion to $ 10.5 trillion if the country is to go through a depression similar to that experienced in 1929 (Amadeo, 2011). The U.S has always been ranked fast in economic growth except for the period between early 2008 and late 2009 that there was a negative growth as indicated in the country’s GDP. This was the first time the real GDP has slacked to a negative since 1993. It is clear that most countries in the world are going through tough times at the moment and it all depends on the economic principles adopted by the U.S. that will save it from such an experience. In this regard, the article indirectly presents the following principle. A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce Economic growth can be affected by public policy that encourages saving and investment. A higher savings rate can provide funds for loans and investment in capital equipment and the development of new technology for both new business opportunities and for increased productivity. Alternatively, countries with stable political and legal systems c
One of the ways to acquire gold is by signing a futures contract on an exchange. Futures contracts are used for agreements to purchase an asset at a certain point in the future. Any form of investing is a high-risk venture, which can result in substantial financial losses. To reduce the probability of large-scale expenditures and attract investment in gold, CME Groups introduced Micro Gold futures contracts. Micro-Gold contracts are similar to the standard Gold futures contracts. They are as safe and secure as their larger counterparts. Micro Gold contracts are one-tenth the size of the one hundred’s ounce Gold futures contract ( Micro Gold Futures Contract Specs ). The price of one Micro Gold futures contract comprises ten troy ounces. Smaller size contracts can suit trading strategies or capital reliability better. Micro Gold contracts are products facilitating cross-margining opportunities, meaning lesser financial requirements for maintaining an account. Investors buying Micro Gold futures employ the same techniques, which are used for Gold futures contracts. Both derivatives are sold and bought at the same rate, thus it is possible to make conclusions about Gold futures’ position on the market by looking at the Micro Gold graphs. The later are traded at COMEX almost twenty-four/seven, while Gold contracts are also available on other exchanges. It is also beneficial for investors who want to fine-tune gold exposure or start trading with smaller capital. Overall, Micro Gold futures contracts suit beginning investors or those who want to diversify their portfolios. Unlike other futures contracts, which are more restrictive in time frame and contract units, Micro Gold contracts are more flexible. With a lower risk of capital losses, they offer investors higher security and lower maintenance costs. Being a new addition on the market, they are likely to grow, although they will remain dependent on classic gold contracts. Reference Micro Gold Futures Contract Specs . (n.d.). CME Group. Web.
Introduction During the Renaissance period, scholars and theologians used various strategies to emphasize the importance of Christ’s life. Most of the artists at the time presented different paintings and images aimed at encouraging people to appreciate Christ’s existence on earth. The painting “Christ before Pilate” by Luca Giordano is one of these works of art. Just like most of the Renaissance paintings, this artwork by Giordano examined the life of Christ in details. The painting gave the painter an opportunity to address a “conventional” subject without losing the existing Christian values. After a detailed analysis of this painting, the viewer observes that it had a unique meaning for its original audience. This paper offers a detailed analysis and critique of this painting by Luca Giordano. Meaning of the Painting The painting reminds the viewer about Christ’s mission and work on earth. Jesus was innocent because he only “advanced” God’s work on earth. Although Jesus was God’s son, the Jews condemned him and eventually crucified him. They crucified him because he was claiming to be the king. During the same time, Pilate always treated the Jews harshly and expected him to condemn Christ. However, Pontius Pilate washed his hand and allowed the crowd to crucify Christ. By so doing, the painting goes further to place the blame on the Jews. As well, Pilate is blamable because he scarified Christ in order to avoid “personal problems” from the crowd (Stemp 56). The message intended to the original audience was to “stand for God’s words and laws” (Harris 58). Examination and Setting of the Painting Throughout the Reformation period, different artists used various “canonical scenes” to address the changing views and attitudes in the Jewish society. By so doing, the painters managed to refresh the “iconography” of Jesus’ life. As portrayed in this painting, Giordano paints Christ at the time he is before Pontius Pilate. The soldiers are in shock after seeing what Pilate has decided to do (Harris 73). One of the soldiers holds Christ’s hair tightly. At the same time, Pontius Pilate is washing his hands as described in the Bible. The other soldiers are looking at the scene attentively. The painting also shows how Pilate commands the respect and authority. History shows clearly that he was the executor of criminals. “Christ before Pilate” by Luca Giordano (1650-1655). Oil on panel. This scene depicted in the painting appears to take place after Pilate has found no wrongdoings in Christ’s actions. The scene happens after Pilate has failed to secure atonement for Christ. This happens because the soldiers have refused to forgive him. This explains why Pilate decides to wash his hands. The soldiers appear to have “awful” thoughts and great expectations from the scene. They are terrified and anxious because they are about to crucify Christ (Harris 87). Their facial expressions show that they
The Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution are the two documents that define this nation more than any other. One stated the causes that prompted the patriots to take up arms against Britain during the Revolutionary War, and the other outlined the carefully balanced government that continues to exist up to this day. It would be no exaggeration to say that the Declaration and the Constitution define what it means to be American. For me, these documents not only embody the core values and base assumptions of this nation but also heavily influence the language in which we speak about the matters of importance. I understand fairly well that any personal perception of the Declaration or the Constitution, including mine, cannot be objective. As an American citizen, I know that the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration in 1776 to list the “long train of abuses and usurpations” of the British Crown that caused the Revolutionary War (“Declaration of Independence”). I also know that the Constitution was drafted by the Constitutional Convention in 1787 after the Articles of Confederation had proven woefully inadequate. Naturally, I am aware that the Constitution, as the country’s supreme law, relates to me directly. Yet discussing what either of them means for any contemporary American goes far beyond the analysis of the documents themselves, as the Constitution and the Declaration are the cornerstones of American national mythology. This is what makes it more difficult and yet more interesting to reflect on what they mean to me: the contemplation is not about two documents, but about two building blocks of American identity. As for me, the most meaningful thing about the Declaration of Independence is its adherence to the principle of equality. The first words of its second paragraph are probably the most important ones in the entire document: “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal” (“Declaration of Independence”). The gendered language of this preamble will likely appear limiting and discriminatory to a contemporary observer. However, it does not detract from the fact that, when outlining their cause for the world to see, the patriots based it on the assumption of equality and unalienable rights. For me, the Declaration is the manifestation of this wholly American idea: people have rights that no one should be able to ta
Getting a first job is always a challenging and unforgettable experience for every person. It can be described as a step from childhood into adulthood when an individual becomes more independent and begins to earn their own money. Understanding the value of hard work is essential, and with the right first job, it is possible to gain valuable skills that will set the path to future success. Undoubtedly, everyone’s memories of getting their first work experience differ. Nevertheless, most people share similar feelings about this crucial step in their life, such as anxiety, uncertainty, nervousness, confusion, excitement, pride, or enthusiasm. In this essay, I will discuss my experience with getting my first job at a car wash. As to my first job experience, I decided to start working to able to save up money for my future goals and ambitions. Therefore, I applied my resume to several companies in the hope that one of them would accept an enthusiastic, quick learner with no prior job experience. The whole process took me about two weeks before I got hired by BlueWave Express car wash. This company is known for its excellent customer care and a sustainable approach to the environment. BlueWave Express serves local communities in an efficient way by providing quality car wash and speedy maintenance and repair. I had done some research while preparing for the interview, so I had an idea about the company’s requirements and expectations to prepare for. I also learned about the opportunities for personal and professional growth. For instance, BlueWave Express offers competitive compensation, a flexible schedule, and a friendly, supportive environment. Therefore, it can provide me with a valuable skill set that I will be able to apply in my future jobs, including customer service skills, communication, reliability, and professional attitude. Working at a car wash involves a number of challenges that I have to overcome daily. For example, I must be able to work outdoors in different weather conditions. Furthermore, I often have to work swiftly in order to deliver the washed cars to customers in a timely manner. My first job cannot be described as glamorous; instead, it involves hard work and a lot of effort. At the same time, every career has to start somewhere. My experience at a car wash provides me with numerous opportunities to gain working experience, challenge myself, and prepare for future jobs. BlueWave Express has so far been the only workplace in my life. Even though I do not have the opportunity to compare different working environments, I have noticed the main advantages and disadvantages of working at a car wash. In particular, I appreciate the flexibility and management’s support in m