ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction 26-year-old Claudia asks for professional help to prevent her pregnancy after giving birth to two children. In the past, she used condoms and oral contraceptive pills. Now, she wants to use a more reliable birth control method, avoiding sterilization. She has a mild hypertension history during her first pregnancy. This time, she needs effective treatment with clear goals and methods being identified. Treatment Goals Today, millions of women aim at controlling and preventing their pregnancies. For example, in the USA, more than 50% of unintended pregnancies with 40% of them ended with abortions and other unpredictable health problems (Birgisson, Zhao, Secura, Madden, & Peipert, 2015; Curtis & Peipert, 2017). Claudia wants to avoid such problems. The main treatment goals for Claudia today may vary. They include learning the options concerning pregnancy prevention, taking tests to check the current condition of the body, and evaluating her emotional state to make sure that no panic or anxiety disorders influence her decision. It is also important to gather clinical and social information about the patient (Gavin et al., 2015). Finally, the necessary goal is to choose a method that does not provoke any allergies or other health changes in the patient. Contraceptive Methods Contraception is not only a method to avoid pregnancy. According to the guidelines given by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, it is a good chance for women and men to place and space birth, prevent unwanted health conditions, and reduce the number of abortions (Gavin et al., 2015). Possible contraceptive methods for Claudia are the use of an intrauterine device (IUD) or oral contraceptive pills. The rationale for IUD is the possibility to control birth without the partner’s participation and the necessity to visit a doctor just once for the device to be implanted. As a rule, a 100% guarantee to avoid pregnancy is given. Among the existing variety of methods, IUDs remain the most cost-effective option for millions of women. Though IUDs are 20 times as effective as pills (Curtis & Peipert, 2017), oral contraception is still an option for Claudia. This method can be approved as it is a good chance to regulate menstruation and relieve menstruation-related pain. Many women find it comfortable to use pills. Finally, the use of pills may reduce the risk of having inflammation processes. Patient-Centered Teaching Points In case Claudia chooses IUDs, she has to be ready for several important lessons. First, a medical worker should inform her about the presence of hormonal and non-hormonal types of IUDs. The second teaching point is the length of its possible usage. As a rule, hormonal devices have to be replaced in 3-5 years and non-hormonal in 10 years. The next important issue is that IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, the patient has to take care of her health wit
Introduction Festivals are more than a gathering of people; they are a feast of life. Similarly, an arts festival is a feast of creativity. Such festivals are held to teach, demonstrate and share knowledge about the world, cultures, and people through the prism of art. Such events allow people who are distant from the art world to feel connected to it, associate and perceive themselves through it. Participation in an art festival may change a person completely because it leaves a vivid impression that stays with them for long. This is why it is vital to research this area and be knowledgeable about it. Burning Man is one of the most well-known festivals of art and creativity in the U.S. Its huge legacy and the influence on people and their perception of art and culture make it a worthy topic to be discussed in this report. History and Origin The festival originates from a performance created in 1986 by two friends, Larry Harvey and Jerry James. On the summer solstice, they built a statue of a man from pieces of wood, carried it to a San Francisco beach, soaked it in gasoline, and lit it on fire (see figure 1). The performance attracted dozens of people who stood there, enchanted by the magic of flame. Suddenly, as Harvey himself noticed, some person started singing a song about fire, and everyone joined (“Man on Baker Beach,” n.d.). The two friends felt the energy that their little performance created in people around them and they decided to go further than organizing an arts event, they decided to build an artistic and cultural community. Figure 1. One of the first Burning Man performances (“Man on Baker Beach,” n.d.). Harvey, who tragically died this year, was an American landscape artist, a man of philanthropy and a volunteer. James was a carpenter by profession. Harvey, an ideological leader, was deeply affected by the effect that a burning effigy produced on people. It connected them in a miraculous way, bonded them together with an invisible thread. Harvey was an adopted child, so the feeling of such connectedness kindled a desire to relive the experience and share it with others (Jacques, 2014). In four years, the festival grew from 20 random people gathered on the beach to 350 people. In 1990, Burning Man festival was first organized in its usual location – the Black Rock Desert (“Man on Baker Beach & the Black Rock desert,” n.d.) (see Figure 2). With the number of the audience grew the size of the statue. The first one was only 8 feet tall while the one first burned in Black Rock Desert was already 40 feet tall. The proportions had to be increased so everyone around could see the performance. Since the festival moved to the desert, it has become something entirely different from a few people inte
Unemployment Contextualizing Responses Pioneer Advocate Society intends to illustrate impacts of unemployment in American society. The institute has a responsibility of presenting its finding and possible interventions for corrective measures toward solution to social problem in the society. This proposal is based on responses from two hundred New York citizens who are employed or jobless. Problem Formulation According to Engel & Schutt (2005), sudden population increase causes social problems such as unemployment, hunger, and low economic growth (2005). Indeed, unemployment is a situation whereby people are not able to get satisfactory jobs. In the past, unemployment was presumed to be intentional. Hence, redundancy was reprimanded by rules and regulations. However, currently, unemployment has been triggered by issues beyond people’s capability to endure. Dolch & Peck assert that unemployment arise because of seasonal discharge (Dolch and Peck, 2001). For instance, agricultural occupation and technological revolution in industry improves computerization but triggers racial intolerance and economic inflation. Besides, unemployment is frequently used to explain situation of people who perform job on part-time basis since full-time occupations are inadequate and hardly available. In developing countries, unemployment is frequently brought by city migration that exceeds industrial growth required to provide work for these migrants. Thus, unemployment is mainly the consequence of economic decline and recession (Engel & Schutt, 2005). The results of job loss are social. Often, transgression rate increases when individuals are incapable of acquiring their needs due to unemployment. Moreover, divorce rates rises because individuals are unable to resolve their financial crises. In addition, homelessness situation has increased besides physical and psychological illnesses. Some homes are deserted and friendships compromised. Consequently, competence of the government to offer support to citizens deteriorate. Unemployment has tremendous impacts tax since individuals disburse smaller amount of money in income taxes. This reduces disposable income per household. Consequently, purchasing power is likely to drop. Dolch & Peck asserts that unemployment negatively affect government commitments in provision of public services to citizens (2001). For example, unemployment affects police commitments towards reinforcing law and order, security, municipal programs, and garbage collection services. Furthermore, unemployment is a detrimental issue to every person in a society. For instance, individuals who are working undergo great challenges due to effects unemployment as dependency level increases. There are significant theoretical discussions concerning the cause, effects, and resolution of unemployment. For instance, classical economists viewed that market systems are dependable means that may be used to eradicate unemployment cases. Indeed, the theory opposes intervention enforced on labor market structures such as taxes, u
Individualism is an expression of social thought and interaction rather than a primary characteristic of social organization and action. The teachings of Jesus stressed the worth of the human soul, and His church was the most important institution–and yet individualism gained very little hold until the protest was made against the medieval church and society in the early Renaissance period. In fact, individualism may have been more a protest against the old order into which it broke than it was a development of an agricultural society at the end of the 19th century. Modern society sees individualism as a social, economic, and political sphere. Modern societies grant too much room for individualism to penetrate all spheres of our life. Modern society gives too much freedom to individualism justified as freeing people from a pre-existing collectivized society or oppressive and arbitrary political and economic absolutism. As a people become well organized and integrated, individualism is of greater or less consequence. The national government has a clean slate upon which to write any laws it chose to make since there had never been any earlier national government. Even the slogan “a government of laws and not of men” does not produce much legislation for that generation which thought the less government the better. This new “individualism” grows out of the old, yet it is almost its opposite (Cottingham, 1996). When public health is named as a chief basis of action by government and safeguarded through an unwritten if not a written constitution, a still larger and more important element develops–the right of society to protect itself, regardless of the limitations which that protective action may place upon the individual in his relations with other individuals or with society. In the field of individual rights, more or less for the purpose of protecting the rights of citizens in society critics (Triandis, 1995) have a shift from a philosophy of individualism to one of public welfare and socialization. The protection of individual rights through business competition has been the main purpose of some of the most liberal and forward-looking government agencies. For the individual and for society the understanding of what is involved in new standards will be a considerable part of this task of socialization and reorganization. Those standards are necessary which will help the individual develop himself wisely and well, and help society find and do what is fair, just, and best, since those will be ethical (Dewey, 1999). From a historical perspective, in the middle of the nineteenth-century governments may have been formed as they were fifty centuries earlier, but the groups governed were organized in a modern way rather than an ancient. The modern state has been a natural development from the feudal state. I
Introduction The article “Poverty, race, and the contexts of achievement: examining the educational experience of children in the U.S. South” by Maryah Stella Fram, Julie, E. Miller-Cribs, and Lee Van Horn is a 2007 publication in the Social Work journal, volume 52 number 4 from page 309-319. In this article, Fram, Miller-Cribs, and Horn (2007) examine educational hardships experienced by children in U.S. South and have a special focus on socioeconomic factors among other factors that influence educational achievement among this population. This study is based on the finding that academic achievement is greatly impaired by poor socioeconomic status, which is critical in American South. Analysis In this study, the authors sought to measure reading skills, child and family variables (such as demographics and background), and classroom variables (such as teacher characteristics and classroom social composition and school variables such as status of the school among others. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation analyses in the SAS 9.1 program whereby 10 data sets for the three variables were imputed. Fram, Miller-Cribs, and Horn (2007) then conducted both bivariate (for high-poverty against high-ethic minority status of a school) and descriptive analysis for the remaining data. Multilevel models were then applied in the analyses of how children varied in their reading scores depending on the status of the school they were attending, the classroom variables, as well as child and family variables. There were four models for multivariate analyses, all examining variability in different variables. The study revealed that attendance in high-ethnic minority schools was 38% with most of the attendants of these schools being single-parented children as well as children born during the teen age of the mother. Moreover, the parents of such children had a low educational and socioeconomic status. Significant differences were noted in all the study variables between high-ethnicity and low-ethnicity
Technological progress, which has spread to the food industry, has led to many tools that facilitate human life in nutrition. The result of this progress has been the spread of the concept of fast food, meals for those who are busy and do not want to burden themselves with cooking. However, in pursuit of brighter taste sensations and cheaper cost, almost all manufacturers began to use various chemical additives. While their use can achieve the restaurant chain’s goals, many of these ingredients can be hazardous to consumers. Therefore, there is a clear need for a detailed listing of fast food ingredients when selling it. The introduction of such an initiative will benefit both individuals, society, and entrepreneurs. This essay aims to research this issue and collect arguments in defense of the above position. Without a doubt, fast-food is an attractive choice for many people due to the lack of time and the need to get calories quickly. However, when consuming food, it is necessary to consider both the total amount of energy obtained from consuming a given product and its detailed composition. Although not all people read the list of ingredients in detail, for many people with specific diseases, considering the elements is extremely important. For such individuals, long chemical names are not embarrassing, as many fast-food manufacturers believe (Schlosser 127). Research shows that ingredients that make processed foods appealing can lead to obesity, addiction, diabetes and insulin resistance, and other metabolic problems (Zagorsky and Smith 1) human health. The person should be aware of the possible adverse effects of consuming a particular product, and responsibility for this should lie with the manufacturer as the person providing the product. The health risks and the need for awareness illuminate the moral issue of opening the ingredient list. However, manufacturers often have little concern for their customers’ health due to a mismatch between industry and consumer interests (Schlosser 216). While the former are concerned with sales and economic benefits, buyers are concerned with the final product’s quality. However, recent research shows that it makes sense for manufacturers to be involved with integrity and morality issues. According to Namin (78), providing restaurants with details of the food they serve can help them divide their services according to food quality, leading to increased customer satisfaction. Since it is often difficult to motivate companies through an emphasis on moral values, the prospect of increasing the benefits of fair trade with a varied menu can be an alternative approach to raising awareness of this issue. Finally, a detailed listing of ingredients by manufacturers opens up additional service delivery options. At the moment, fast food chains often use a policy that allows the client to customize the dishes they receive. However, this list is often minimal, and the selection mechanic usually consists of rejecting certain products. This practice not only does not provide enough informatio
Creating an appropriate curriculum is critical to equipping students with the knowledge and skills needed for professional success. Curriculum mapping is an important process that enables educators and institutions to ensure a high quality of education (Jankowski, 2014). In nursing education, curriculum mapping can also assist in determining the gaps between the knowledge provided by the course and professional standards. As part of this assignment, two separate curriculum maps were produced. The present paper will analyze the curriculum maps, thus exploring the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed curriculum. Courses and Program Learning Outcomes The first map aimed to determine the relationship between the RN to BSN courses and program learning outcomes at BSN, MSN, and DNP Levels. On the whole, the RN to BSN curriculum has a strong relationship with program learning outcomes at all levels. For the BSN level, there is a clear balance between introductory, reinforcement, and mastering of the concepts and skills included in learning outcomes. For example, the practice experience modules offer students an opportunity to master interprofessional communication and collaboration, information management, and generalist nursing practice. They also reinforce students’ knowledge in evidence-based practice, which is a critical concept in contemporary nursing. The relationship between RN to BSN program curriculum and MSN learning outcomes is also strong, as many courses introduce or reinforce skills required at the Master’s level. For instance, the course in nursing science and information literacy will assist students in incorporating academic knowledge in quality improvement efforts, resolving practice problems, and using nursing informatics correctly. The practice experience also contributes to achieving the Master’s level learning objectives, such as applying evidence-based practice, collaborating with interprofessional teams, and deliver high-quality care to patients and populations. At the DNP level, the RN to BSN curriculum introduces many vital skills, such as analysis and critique of evidence, clinical reasoning, and leadership. It also reinforces the student’s use of information technology and leadership, as well as their knowledge of health promotion and disease prevention strategies required at the DNP level. However, due to the signifi
Societal Factors Are Influencing Population Health and Community There are a variety of societal factors affecting population health. For instance, social status and social stability, politics and culture, education and religion as well as social capital influence population health (Clark, 2008). Admittedly, all these factors also affect the health care system. In every country, there are different norms and conventions which form people’s attitudes towards illness and health. Thus, during Hitler’s rule, disabled people were seen as unnecessary units subjected to being destroyed. At present, our societies are humane and disabled people are seen as equals who might have specific needs. Thus, the change of any of the factors stated above can significantly change the health care system in a country. When a country prospers and people’s social status is high, a lot of attention is paid to people’s health, but when there is no stability in the social health care systems are underdeveloped. Appropriate Planning and Provision of Health and Human Services Communities should have appropriate population health management bodies. It should consist of representatives of all stakeholders involved. It should include officials, practitioners, nurses and members of the community. At that, while developing different strategies and policies, working groups should be formed. These groups should include those who will develop the plan, those who will carry out the plan, those who can benefit from the implementation of the plan and those who may resist (Clark, 2008). It is also important to develop appropriate criteria for the evaluation of each strategy and policy. A Role for the Community Health Professional I believe the community health professional plays a very important role in the process of planning and provisioning health services. This professional understands the needs of members of the community as he/she is a part of the community. This professional is aware of a variety of strategies implemented in different areas and he/she can come up with ideas to adjust different strategies in the specific community. This professional is also the one who will consistently watch over the implementation of the plan. Finally, this professional considers the effectiveness of the strategy or policy implemented and makes sure members of the community do benefit from the new strategy or policy. Family I have quite an ordinary family. However, I must admit that my parents have been very good advisors for me. They have always been models for me, too. Thus, my parents would tell me that education is essential in people’s lives. However, my father sometimes put too much pressure and I even used to think that I could have rebelled. Of course, I knew that it was about my future so my rebel would do harm to me only. My parents created quite a favorable environment for my development and I could focus on my studies and my future. Therefore, I think family is crucial in forming an individual’s character and b