ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Harnessing wind power is one of the sources of alternative energy that can reduce overreliance on fossil fuels. Since olden days, people have utilized wind energy as a source of power. The first documented machine that used wind energy was a sailboat (Brooks 34). Ships and sailboats offered humans an opportunity to explore new regions in search of new opportunities. In addition, sailboats and ships were used for transport. They led to the construction of more harbors thus kick-starting development and civilization. Today, wind energy is used to power sailing dinghies, yachts, sailboats, and sailboards (Brooks 36). Wind energy is a renewable source of energy that is an alternative to fossil fuel use, which is necessary for the conservation of the environment. Impact of wind power on the environment Wind power is a renewable source of energy that cannot be exhausted. As long as the sun shines, wind to produce power will always be available. Unlike fossil fuels that are projected to be exhausted soon, wind energy can never be exhausted. The main source of wind energy is wind, a natural resource that cannot be exhausted. Wind power does not have adverse effects on the environment because it does not cause pollution (Dennis 44). On the other hand, the generation of wind power is cost-effective because the utilization of wind is free to anyone who wishes to utilize it. The wind is a natural resource that is open to utilization by anyone. The wind is a good source of energy because no one can claim ownership, thus making wind power cheap and readily available. People should increase the generation of wind energy because, in today’s world, alternative energy sources are needed to reduce pollution and global warming (Dennis 46). Generation of wind power uses wind turbines to produce power. Wind energy has two main benefits compared to fossil fuels. First, it provides energy that can be used to power engines and other equipment that need the power to run (Dennis 49). For example, wind power is used to power yachts, sailing boats, and sailing dinghies. However, more research needs to be done to determine how wind power can be used to power big machines and transport vessels such as vehicles. Second, wind power creates energy for domestic consumption as well as industrial consumption (Brooks 41). Electricity derived from fossil fuels is both expensive and a source of pollution. One of the major causes of environmental pollution is emissions from manufacturing industries. Also, machines and equipment that consume fuel release gases that pollute the environment. Therefore, wind power should be encouraged and used as an alternative to fossil fuel as a source of power. Importance of less usage of fossil fuel One benefit of using wind power is its positive impact on the environment. Clean renewable energy source helps control global warming and climate chan
Abstract This research project was conceived to identify whether the price is a primary factor in the purchase of vacation accommodations. In the current economic climate, both the literature review and the primary research survey confirmed that price has become more important. The literature showed that about 80% of the target audience still made their choices by perceived value for the money rather than raw price. However, it is still a little murky, because the literature did not clearly separate price and perceived value for the money. This research confirmed that price was becoming more important, but also that perceived value for the money was primary for most of the target audience. Introduction: Background Maslow (1970) proposed a hierarchy of needs for humans that ranked what people expend time and energy to gain in the order of importance. Jordan (1999) has taken the idea of a hierarchy of needs from Maslow (1970) and applied it to human factors proposing a hierarchy of user needs as follows: Level 1-functionality, Level 2-usability, Level 3-pleasure. (Maslow 2007) A similar hierarchy was proposed by the members of the Ergonomics and Design workgroup of the S.I.E. Italian Ergonomics Society (see Bandini Buti 1998) regarding product requirements for user needs Level 1-respect of the environment, Level 2-health. The aim of this dissertation is to discover the importance of price in marketing. It is understood that the provisions of the hospitality industry are not sought by the poorest people and further that the very rich have no real need to concern themselves with anything but purpose in utilizing hospitality facilities, so the target audience here is the middle and upper-middle class. In order to create the best marketing mix, it is necessary to know where the price fits when creating a marketing plan. In the current economic climate, this is certain to have changed, but it is expected that price will still not be the defining aspect of purchasing choice, though it wil
Introduction The origin of the aesthetic sense of art is quite recent. Art in ancient Latin has the connotation of a specialized form of skill, such as carpentry, smithying, or surgery. Additionally, the Romans and Greeks did not also have a conception of what is now generally regarded as art as something different from craft. To them, what we now call art was regarded as a group of crafts, like the craft of poetry. According to Collingwood (1958), those people who interests themselves in art philosophy fall roughly into two classes; those with a leaning towards philosophy, and those philosophers who have a taste for art. The art of the early modern English, just like art in medieval Latin, borrowed both word and sense to include such other meanings as logic, grammar, astrology, or magic. Clearly, this was still its meaning even at the time of Shakespeare; ‘lie there, my art’ (Collingwood 1958). The renaissance, first in Italy and later elsewhere, helps re-establish the old meaning of art. Consequently, the renaissance artists, just like their counterparts in the ancient world thought of themselves as craftsmen. It was only in the seventeenth century that the conceptions and problems of aesthetics started being entangled from the philosophy and technique of craft. By the end of the eighteenth century, this entanglement was so advanced to the extent of creating a distinction between the useful arts, and the fine arts. Back then, fine art meant not vastly skilled art or fragile, but beautiful ‘arts’ nonetheless. In art, there is always a distinction between that which is expressed on the one hand, and what is expressed on the other hand. There is also a distinction between the maiden desire to paint, write or compose, and the finished picture, poem, or music. Additionally, there is also a distinction between the experience of an artist from an emotional element point of view, and what could be referred to as an intellectual element (Collingwood 1958). Fine art and beauty When the technical theory of art is abandoned, this also means abandoning a term that helps describe art properly; ‘fine art’. The implication of this term is that genus art is composed of two species, the fine arts, and the useful arts. Useful arts consist of such crafts as weaving, metallurgy and pottery (Danto 1997). In other words, useful arts are the crafts that are normally devoted towards the making of that which is useful as such; the implication is that the genus art is often conceived as craft. On the other hand, fine arts are used in reference to those crafts that are devoted towards the making of that which is beautiful, that is fine (Danto 1997). This then means that the terminology in question intends to entrust its users to art’s technical theory. Art, as well as its criticism, while also taking into consideration the analogies of philosophy and its criticism, fails to acquire their special importance, or even elicit their gratitude and distrust (Cavell 1979). Like an artist or a philosopher, the critic of art is not in discounting of his prejudice, the need for opi
Religious beliefs followed by people in different countries influence the particular features of their daily life significantly. The adherents of various religious movements are inclined to organize their life according to the principles proclaimed within this or that religion with the help of following different rituals and practices. Buddhism and Daoism are two religions which are spread in the Eastern countries, and millions of people share specific beliefs and norms. In spite of the fact that Buddhism and Daoism are similar in definite beliefs and basic ideals, there are a lot of differences in these two religions which are based on the history of their development during the centuries. Buddhism has its origin in the 6 th century BC. Siddhartha Gautama known as Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, lived at the territories of Nepal in the 6 th century BC, and he developed the idea that the life is full of sufferings, people are responsible for their karma because of numerous reincarnations in the wheel of life and the only way to freed themselves is to achieve nirvana as the state of the spiritual liberation or enlightenment. Buddhists do not believe in one god, but they share the idea about divine forces. Daoism began to develop in China during the 3 rd -4 th centuries BC (Fisher, 1997). The founder of the religious movement is Laozi who stated the main principles of Daoism in his texts. The foundational spiritual beliefs of Daoism are the idea of Tao as the search for the right way in order to achieve the universal harmony, the idea of reincarnation and eternal soul, and the principle of the life good for everyone (Ford, 2003). Thus, Buddhism and Daoism are characterized by similar features and significant differences in spiritual beliefs and principles. The adherents of both the religions share the idea of reincarnation and spiritual development as the way to improve living (Fisher, 1997). However, if Buddhists are inclined to focus on karma and sufferings as inevitable features of the impermanent life, Daoists discuss life as perfect in its nature and a man as the main source of all difficulties (Zeng, 2012). Nevertheless, Buddhists and Daoists concentrate of feeding themselves while achieving nirvana or finding the right way although many followed principles are rather different in their details. People can follow the principles of certain religions while practicing specific spiritual rituals. Buddhists focus on such spiritual practices as meditation and concentration to avoid anger and delusion and to achieve nirvana as the liberation from the earthly life. In their turn, Daoists concentrate on finding the harmony with the nature while seeking for Tao. During their search, Daoists visit temples and shrines, focus on the worshipping deities. Today, Buddhists pay much attention to meditation as it was centuries ago, and Daoists focus more on philosophical
There are a great number of different states in the world. However, they are not equal. Some of the states are bigger. The other have more natural resources, while some of the countries have a great number of people living in it. Moreover, not all countries are equally rich. Unfortunately, only the minority of countries in the world can be called a prosperous state. Wealth of a country depends on the number of reasons, however, there is a tendency according to which the richer country – the better conditions its citizens have. Taking it into account, it is possible to analyze mutual dependence between the prosperity of citizens and the stage of development of a country and make some conclusions. Adam Smith stated that there is a direct correlation between the wealth of citizens and the wealth of nations (Smith 17). It is difficult not to agree with this statement. The first obvious argument to support this statement is that a person which has greater income will be able to pay higher taxes (Thorndike para. 4). Given in simplified manner, this statement is still very clear and fair. It is difficult to demand assignments to the budget from a person if he/she has nothing to eat. That is why, it is possible to suggest that the state should be interested in promoting beneficiation of its citizens as it will influence further development of this country. There is one more fact which could be given in order to support Adam Smiths statement. There is no use denying the fact that satisfied worker is a good worker (Tam para. 5). Unfortunately, not all employers use this principle in their work, preferring to intimidate or press a worker. However, it is obvious that being totally satisfied with his/her payment, a person
Undoubtedly, sonnets of William Shakespeare are the true masterpieces of the world’s classic poetry. First published nearly four centuries ago, Shakespeare’s sonnets remain the most popular, but, perhaps, little-understood literary work. What makes Shakespeare’s poetry special and popular among a wide range of readers? He wrote at a time when lyric poetry was full of trite metaphors as well as pompous, pretentious, and still empty conundrums. Shakespeare broke these literary conventionalities and gave a new meaning to old forms, creating his own unique and vivid images. Apparently, the wide variety of themes that he chose for his writings also contribute to their popularity: the complexity of human soul, its ability to rise and fall, wisdom and vanity, purity and vice, the brevity of human life, transience of time, fear of death, hope of salvation, and, of course, the eternal need for love and beauty. No author of the Renaissance era could express a complex set of human experiences associated with the realization of time transience brighter and stronger than Shakespeare did in his sonnets. He interprets time as the subjective fact of human existence that requires no explanation but resignation. Like a force that is beyond control, time threatens humanity with physical destruction, strictly regulates its status and possibilities. A flash of youth, the prime of life, gradual withering, and death constitute the eternal cycle of human existence. In Shakespeare’s philosophy, fear of time and death, as opposed to the theme of immortality can be obtained through art. Art lives through centuries and retains the memory of people that were glorified by a poet and image of the poet as well. A person acquires immortality in the works of art. The poet lives eternally in his lyrics. The themes of time, death, youth, and immortality are brilliantly intertwined in Shakespeare’s Sonnets 18, 60, 63, and 73. The Renaissance era took its origin in the 14th-century Italy. Over 100 years, the cultural movement spread across Europe and came to England only by the end of 15th century. The flourishing of the Renaissance in England fell in the Elizabethan era. At that time, all prerequisites for the development of legendary Shakespearean theater and literature had been formed. One cannot say, however, that these cultural spheres were in great decline before William Shakespeare: his elder contemporaries made a significant contribution to the development of literature and drama. Marlowe invented a truly elevated literary style and a new type of hero – a common person that did not have the royal blood. Robert Greene created a “mild tragedy”, the type of drama that featured captivating cordiality and psychological authenticity. Thomas Kyd started to develop the basics of dramatic art (Cousins, 2014). Shakespeare simply had to deepen everything that was invented before him, and he did it with astonishing success. He enlarged English vocabulary with approximately 1,700 words, not to mention numerous idioms (Schiffer, 2013). Thanks to Shakespeare, the English language obtained plasticity and freedom of
William Faulkner, a central American twentieth-century writer, created historical novels depicting the decline and decompose of the upper crust of the Southern community. The creative force and psychological depth of his work grade him as one of America’s greatest novelists. He also got the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature. Due to his known dislike to making formal assertions, there was much attention, when he traveled to Stockholm to get the prize on December 10, 1950, in what he would state in the speech that custom forced him to deliver. Faulkner obviously wished to set right the misapprehension of his own work as cynical. But ahead of that, he distinguished that, as the first American novelist to got the prize from the end of World War II, he had a particular obligation to accept the modified situation of the writer, and of man, into version. “If the story is in you,” William Faulkner once stated, “it has got to come out.” All authors, whether they are making a new logical innovation, recording their considerations, writing their journals, or issuing a novel are telling some type of a story. That is what authoring is all about. Faulkner, secondarily, floated a good deal previous to he lastly settled down to writing, recreating himself, taking a sinecure location at the local post office in his hometown of Oxford, Mississippi, The writer’s only responsibility… “The writer’s only responsibility is to his art. He will be completely ruthless if he is a good one. He has a dream. It anguishes him so much he must get rid of it. He has no peace until then. Everything goes by the board: honor, pride, decency, security, happiness, all, to get the book written. If a writer has to rob his mother, he will not hesitate; the “Ode on a Grecian Urn” is worth any number of old ladies.” (from Writers at Work: The Paris Review Interviews, 1959). (in Kartiganer, Abadie, 2000) It is necessary to highlight, that Faulkner’s words should be agreed with. But only if they are addressed towards great writers – the writers of the epoch, otherwise, the novels would not have such a great impact on the audience. As it has been shown in the Heart of Darkn
Werner Krieglstein is now viewed as the founder of such a philosophical school as transcendental perspectivism. Overall, it is based on the belief that a human being is not able to know absolute truth because it exists only within the frames of his or her consciousness, which is susceptible to subjectivity and even prejudice. In his opinion, compassion lays the foundations for the successful functioning of any society. In addition to that, according to such an approach, compulsion cannot help people come to a shared understanding of the truth. The scholar subjects too heavy criticism of the doctrine, which sets stress on force because such means of persuasion rely on fear, which can lead only to estrangement (Krieglstein, 81). Transcendental perspectivism takes its origins in Friedrich Nietzsches philosophy (the rejection of absolute truth), subsequently supported by Mahatma Gandhi. In his book, “Compassion: A New Philosophy of the Other” the author explores the role of empathy and compassion in solving the problems that people have to surmount. First, it is necessary to discuss Krieglsteins views on such concepts as spirituality and religion as a social phenomenon. He attaches primary importance to the so-called “religious awareness”, tolerance and diversity (Krieglstein, 20). His main argument is that every religion has something positive at its core. Naturally, the author does not propose establishing some universal religion but he wants people to become more open to the values of other cultures. At least we should accept religious diversity, which is an obligatory condition for the effective interaction of different religious groups. In this respect, we should analyze such symbol as “the Sacred Wheel” which represents unity or connectedness. According to Krieglstein, the main problem is that people deem their religious belief the only true one and this prejudice alienates them from one another (Krieglstein, 19). It seems to me that such a viewpoint is quite prudent and people should really be more tolerant. However, I would like to mention that some religions are sometimes almost incompatible with each other mostly due to formal differences. For instance, Muslims do not want to acknowledge Jesus as the Son of Man and the Son of God (this doctrine is the cornerstone of Christianity). There are many such controversies or stumbling blocks (as it would be better to say). Naturally, these conflicts are not unsolvable but it will take a very long time for people to understand that religion is a set of principles or tenets, which can be either accepted or rejected. What unifies almost all of them is empathy or compassion but we seem to overlook it. As regards the future community and the prospects of its development, Krieglstein states that people should develop new forms of collaboration, though in order to do it a considerable shift in public opinion should be made. The author points out that in every dispute people (even subconsciously) are most likely to strive for domination (Krieglstein, 47). The main purpose is to defeat one’s enemy, rival, or opponent; we always want to subdue the person
Introduction Cultivation theory is a popular social concept in the communications sector that examines the prolonged impact of watching television. This theory asserts that individuals who have an extreme exposure to television are likely to have behaviors that are similar to those that they watch in television. The following is a literature review on the theory. Literature Review George Gerbner initiated the cultivation theory under the assistance of his counterpart Larry Gross. According to the theorists, television influences viewers’ perceptions of life. Prolonged exposure to television programs cultivates a perception of life that is consistent with what is portrayed in the television screens. However, most of television contents are contrary to the norms of the society. For instance, some channels major on violence. The picture that they paint to the viewers is that violence is a norm that the society should uphold. However, this claim is misleading. Continuous exposure to violent and unethical images in the television makes people start viewing the world as a cruel and insidious environment. Gerbner says television makes viewers have a mistaken view about the society (Morgan & Shanahan, 2010). Gerbner’s ideology has received equal opposition and support from social researchers who have tested his ideology in real life. Researchers who agree with Gerbner’s theory claim that individuals who have cultivated judgments are oblivious of the fact that television contents influence their decisions. They are unaware of how the radio, newspapers, or other communication channels determine their ways of thinking. To confirm their assertion, they collected statistics from three groups. The results from the statistics showed that participants who had been exposed to viewing television programs for long believed that their society was more violent in relation to those who had little exposure to television (Morgan & Shanahan, 2010). Hetsroni and Lowenstein (2013) also believe that the society is divided into groups. One group comprises individuals who live in the real world while the other faction resides in the TV world. Television propagates the perceptions of the latter group. The danger of cultivating a belief that is influenced by watching television is that it leads most of the viewers to have a negative perception of the society. Associating the society as a crime-ridden place can make some of the viewers develop violent tendencies. Sadistic and criminal mannerisms have been reported to increase, particularly among youngsters because of television programs. However, other scholars have held the opinion that the cultivation theory is erroneous and that it does not occur in real life. For instance, Gerbner’s opponents assert that panic that people encounter when walking at night is not caused by the extreme exposure to television. Hughes, a vehement opponent of Gerbner’s doctrine, believes in the existence of other factors that cause people to see the world as violent-ridden. Such factors comprise sex, race, environment, and social status. Hughes views the cultivation