ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Problem Definition The purpose of this memo is to address the challenges to the UAE’s national security deriving from the rise of Russia’s influence in the Middle East and recommend a foreign policy to adopt in the altering geopolitical environment. This memo focuses on the national security problem in the changing geopolitical environment, examining whether the United Arab Emirates should adopt strategic hedging as foreign policy towards the Russian Federation. The UAE is considered the strongest U.S. security partner on the Arabian Peninsula. The country’s foreign policy strategy, articulated by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, relies on the principles of non-interference in other states’ affairs and peaceful conflict resolution (Embassy of the United Arab Emirates n.d.). Over recent years, the UAE’s relationship with Russia has considerably strengthened due to the countries’ cooperation in the energy and defense sectors, shared views on regional crises, and the prioritization of stability over political freedom. Background Since the declaration of the UAE’s independence, the state has implemented a balanced foreign policy that involves conducting dialogues, seeking compromises, and respecting international conventions. It has established diplomatic relations with a number of countries, including the U.S., China, and Russia. According to Ramani (2020), the strategic partnership between the UAE and Russia is based on both countries’ “rejections of Western liberal values and common regime security concerns.” In other words, such a strategy prioritizes economic and social stability rather than political freedom, which prompted the Gulf state to discard the U.S.’ efforts of promoting democracy in the Middle East. The diplomatic relations between the UAE and Russia imply strategic partnerships in various sectors. Russia is considered a rising power with growing ambitions, including its participation in the decision-making processes in the Middle East and maintenance of transactional, nonideological relationships with all parties in the region (Lund 2019, 2). The Kremlin’s strategy regarding the Arabian Peninsula does not come down to trade, economic cooperation, and counterterrorism. Russia’s policy in the Middle East also aims to protect the country from Western interference in its internal affairs (Ramani 2020). As the UAE aims to balance political and economic interests when building relationships with the West’s geopolitical rivals, such as Russia, it needs to elaborate a comprehensive diplomatic strategy. To comply with the country’s interests and prove efficient in the long term, the UAE’s national and forei
Introduction The media associated with the Russian authorities are conducting an information campaign against the coronavirus vaccines created by the American companies Pfizer and Moderna. The New York Times reports about this with reference to analysts, sources in the US government, and a representative of the State Department (Frenkel et al., 2021). According to the NY Times’ sources, the campaign is primarily aimed at Latin America and Eastern European countries. The misinformation process is hosted by the local editorial offices of the RT channel and the Sputnik agency. They select news to highlight the benefits of the Russian drug Sputnik-V and instill distrust of Pfizer and Moderna drugs. Their techniques include decontextualization of reports and misinterpretation of scientific findings. For instance, they write about deaths of people who received American vaccines ignoring subsequent reports that these deaths most likely were not related to vaccinations. Misinformation about the AstraZeneca vaccine included speculation that the drug would turn humans into monkeys because it was developed using the chimpanzee adenovirus. In the first months, the anti-propaganda was directed, among other things, against the vaccine of the Swedish-British company AstraZeneca. However, since AstraZeneca agreed to cooperate with the creators of Sputnik-V in December, the pro-Kremlin media began to write positively about the drug. The US State Department’s press service considers the actions of Russian propaganda as undermining global efforts to end the pandemic. Connection to International Business This event shows the new difficulties of entering foreign markets in the era of the high role of Internet technologies in any business. First of all, competition is moving to the online environment and brings new risks to all traders. When entering a foreign market, careful preliminary groundwork is required in the field of online reputation management. The discussed story of vaccines shows that evidence about the product, its production methods, and scientific research regarding its properties become insufficient to successfully convey the information about the product to its new consumers. Competitors trying to simultaneously enter the same market can engage in unfair competition, which consists primarily of misinformation about the product. An important point here is that opponents target specific audiences in a sophisticated way using their knowledge of the culture of the locations they aim to enter. How Others Learn from Situation In some situations, the specificity of the product determines the need for competent work not only on the part of the business but also on the part of the buyers themselves. In the field of biomedicine and pharmacology, patients must become reflexive consumers able to advisedly separate truth from fiction. Thus, a long-term strategy for avoiding unfair competition in online reputation management would be to develop and increase scientific literacy among consumers. The vaccine manufacturers are global first movers in the global market. Whereas it is pos
Introduction Moral relativism is where there are no morals that are either right or wrong. The concept in this case is focused in their relations to the social norms this paper agrees with aspect of moral relativism. In essence ethical relativism bring into focus how the various values are portrayed as evolving changing but are not absolute. The merits that come up with this concept of ethical relativism is that it brings forth a massive diverse culture and aspets as peoples culture change this aspect is able to allow for change. On the other hand it has one disadvantage. One is that what is considered as the solemn truth justice or the concept of wrongness at all relative. Raealtisim when clearly taken into account does not carter for then prevalence of Unqualified sequence of ethics. the most important prerequisite for responsibility is decisive control. In toting up to the requirement that an individual have control over his/her behavior and the obligation that he/she have control along the correct lines, there is a necessity that the his/her control be ultimate. Foundations of ethical relativism Ethical relativism has to be based on the overall ideas of the individual and it has to be intrinsic such that all the necessary changes or the responsibilities can be adhered to. His/her will, must be determined by him/her self, and him/her self must not, in turn, be swayed by anything external to itself. Moral relativism entails those which are discovered rather than formed and ion this case relative aspect of truth and wrong prevail. What is considered as either being a reality or in many cases an unrealistic act is independent of nay individual since one is considered to be the sole decision maker. This is in accordance to the notions of the ethical objectivists. On the other hand the vivid description laid forward by the philosophers clearly portrays the concept on the basis of the reality of the situation. There entail more aspects of ethical objectivism and can include a number of religious opinions and certain forms of ethical egoism. Ethical relativism brings to light that whatever one does and there is no logic in it therefore the other alternative will definitely not be right. The implication is that he/she lacks the ability to act in harmony with the true and good. In many cases there are only these two cases but an individual has only one chance of having the best alternative. Wolf clearly portrays how their entail the urge in the attainment of liberty since this can be termed as the only alternative. The concept that all individuals are away from bondage and are able to clearly compare relevant aspects to their values but not on the desired aspects. In this case therefore we are free only if our actions are guided by societal values and norms and not our personal desire. The recommendation of an action to another person is not an ethical thing to be performed in that this has to tota
Introduction Background The food and drink industry in the European region is one of the most attractive markets. However, the high rate of globalization has provided a major challenge to industry players due to intense competition (Dagnino & Rocco, 2009). The industry has become internationalized over the past decade. Three major wholesale and import groups dominate approximately 80% of the market (Azar, 2011). In a bid to remain competitive, firms in the industry are focusing on improving their operational efficiency. Some of the strategies that firms are adopting include forming international alliances, centralizing their purchases, and undertaking international market expansion (Belch & Belch, 2009). Problem statement The Swedish food and drink industry has become very competitive due to increased market entry by local and international investors. The attractiveness of the industry emanates from the high rate of economic growth despite the adverse effects of the 2008 global financial crisis. Surviving in the industry requires businesses to adopt effective operational, market entry, and marketing strategies. According to Simsek et al. (2007), understanding the success factors that influence businesses in the international market is paramount in the process of developing new products. Gaining knowledge on the international market will aid in minimizing the likelihood of failure as such knowledge will aid a firm in avoiding the common mistakes that emanate from lack of the right information (Ernst, 2002). It is projected that introducing Ayran (a new yoghurt product in Sweden) will address the consumers’ health and wellness needs. However, this goal will only be achieved if effective marketing, entry, and operational strategies are adopted. Rationale Consumers are becoming more conscious of health in their consumption patterns (Notaker, 2009). Consumers have become more aware of the importance of consuming healthy products. Change in consumer preferences coupled with new regulations has encouraged innovation in the food and drink industry (Borg, 2009). Numerous health and wellness food products have been introduced in the Swedish market. Thus, introducing Ayran Yoghurt will not only help in addressing the consumers’ needs, but also contribute towards profit maximization. Research objectives  1. To evaluate the success factors that influence market entry into the Swedish food and drink industry.  2. To investigate the most effective internationalization strategy that should be used in entering the Swedish market.  3. To analyze the marketing strategies that food exporters should adopt in marketing their products in countries with different food culture. Research questions The following research questions will be analyzed in accordance with the above research objectives.  1. What are the key success factors that influence market entry into the Swedish food and drink industry?  2. Which are the most effective internationalization strategy that should be adopted in the process of venturing into the Swedis
This paper would seek to analyze an important concept; economic growth by examining its causes and the methods which are used by different governments in order to achieve this desirable goal. Different economic theories and models were examined in order to understand the means of achieving growth and in order to sustain that growth. Economic growth is used to define the different activities which are undertaken by government and market forces in order to increase the national output level along with the overall state of development. The methods which are employed in order to do so vary from country to country. Development is a term that can be used to explain the way the resources are put to efficient use as the greater the positive usage of resources; the more the state of development. Economic growth is normally perceived to be of a positive nature by people while in reality, it can be negative and positive. In a situation of falling output in a certain fiscal period along with other economic indicators such as employment, negative economic growth is said to be taking place. The output is measured by the Gross National Product of countries and hence, this figure is said to be a telling feature of any economy’s health. The higher the Gross National Product (GNP), the higher is the economic growth. As for standards of living, they are al
Why is Hamlet a complex character? What type of character he is – good or bad? Find here the answers! In this critical analysis essay, we discuss Hamlet as a complex character and show how he transforms throughout the play. Introduction In William Shakespeare’s literary works, Hamlet, Hamlet is the most fascinating character. Shakespeare concentrates on Hamlet’s emotions, dilemma as well as inconsistency to achieve his heart desires especially revenge. Hamlet’s questionable sanity and captivating character contributes to the success of the play. The inability to decide and sentient his actions signifies the complexity in his character. Critical Analysis of Hamlet’s Character When the reader first come across Hamlet, he is sad and mourning his father’s death, King Hamlet. On closer analysis of Hamlet’s appearance, his emotional state signifies something strong or mysterious connected to his mourning. Furthermore he tells his mother, “for they are actions that a man might play; But I have that within which passeth show – These but the trappings and the suits of woe” (Shakespeare Act I, Scene 2). Hamlet is unable to speak out his mind; therefore, he expresses his feelings in form of parables. Hamlet’s is unhappy because his father’s death is fading away fast. His mother remarries Hamlet’s uncle, King Claudius, immediately after his father’s death. Therefore, instead of exclusively mourning his departed father, he mourns his mother and uncle’s betrayal to his father. Hamlet’s emotional turmoil turns to hatred and questionable madness especially towards women including Ophelia who he had once confessed his love for her. When Hamlet’s father requests him to avenge his death against King Claudius, he is unable to carry out his revenge. Although he is vengeful, his emotions, anxiety, and morality drag him behind his mission. He is unable to fulfill his actions even if the opportunity avails itself. For instance, when he encounters Claudius meditating, he spares his life because he thinks the gods will forgive him. Unfortunately, his ability not to act makes him rational where he carelessly kills Polonius thinking it was a rat after, which he hides the body. After the second appearance of his father, he secretly starts to plan on how to kill Claudius but his actions are impounded. When King Claudius, discovers Hamlet’s plan to kill him, he (Claudius) plans to kill him (Hamlet) first; unfortunately, Hamlet escapes the trap eventually killing him. Due to the inability, to avenge his father’s death, his mission leads to the murd
Introduction The affiliation of Americans to religion is an anomaly, which social scientists have constantly tried to evaluate. Even though it is a secular country, religious participation and affiliation are above average in the US compared to other western industrialized nations (Hadaway, Marler and Chaves 741). Further, the rate of religious activity also shows a lot of stability. Overall, the population share of Protestant affiliates has been remaining stable since the 1940s; however, the Catholic affiliates have declined since the 1960s and 1970s. It was noted in a study by Hout and Greeley conducted in 1987 (cited in Hadaway, Marler and Chaves 741) who noted that from 1930 to 1940 there had been a steady decline in the Catholic self-reports. Approximately 40 percent of the US population visited the church on weekly basis. Gallup’s study conducted in 1991 showed that 42 percent of the adult Americans visited churches of whom 45 percent were Protestants and 51 percent were Catholics (Princeton Religion Research Center 4). Sociologists have often bolstered the argument for American secularism based on high participation rates. However, the trend is changing. Diversity in the American population is said to be reshaping the demographic profile of the religious population of the country (Warner 20). Such has been observed by the Vatican, reported in New York Times, as there have been drastic demographic changes in the Catholic Christian world all over the developed countries, especially the United States (Bruni). Therefore, a shift in the demographic profile of the US population has been observed by many and is a case of serious discussion in Washington. This is important in view of the increasing trend of secularism in the country, which can be observed in the country due to a recent decline in the Church attendance and less affiliation with the Church. This report studies the demographic change in the US and how and in which direction it has moved. The paper also tries to ascertain why there has been a shift in the demographic character of the Catholics in the US. Demographic Character of Catholics in US Population According to a study conducted by the Baylor Religion Survey (Baylor Religion Survey) in 2006 there was 21.2 percent of the population who were Catholics. Majority of the population was protestant, which comprised of 55.7 percent of the sample. A historical study of the Catholic population in the US shows that there has been a decline in the population ratio of Catholics in the US population. As figure 1 demonstrates, the percentage of Catholics in 1965 was 24 percent in the US, which declined in the 1970s to 23 percent. It remained stable in the decades of 1980s and 1990s and then again fell in 2000 to 22 percent. With a minor rise in the Catholic population in 2005 to 23 percent was temporary as it c
Abstract The movie “The last of the Mohicans” is based on the novel directed by James Cooper. It narrates the story of the character “Hawkeye”. Hawkeye is a colonial settler who is adopted by a Mohican family at the demise of his parents, as he was helping a British military regiment through the New York forest during the French Indian War. This war was all about competition between the French and the English to control American colonies. As depicted in this movie, the colonial militia and Mohicans allied with the British, with the French allied with Indigenous Huron. The film also explores romantic relationship between Hawkeye and Cora the daughter of Munro, a British colonel. This romance between Hawkeye and Cora Munro is interwoven into a political episode of war and colonialism on the early of American frontiers. Discussion The movie “The Last of the Mohicans” is set during the French and Indian War, when the French and English monarchies were competing for the control of the northeastern part of America which included Canada. During the war, the two colonial powers co-opted Indian tribes into the war with them. In this essay I will discuss four main themes depicted in this film such as; the frontier experience, the changing relationship between the English and the American settlers or colonials, the question of American identity, and lastly the symbols of group identity. The movie originates in James Coopers 1876 novel which narrates the story of the last three Mohicans who are; Chingachgood, his son Ungas, and his adopted son Hawkeye. The first scenes of the movie show Hawkeye and his adopted Mohican family hunting together and interacting with frontier colonists in their cabins. In this section the film is portrayed as an adventure set in 1757. It should be remembered that this was the third year since the French and Indian war broke out in 1754. During this war the English forged a partnership with the Indian natives Mohicans, while the Huron Indian tribe fought for the French colonists. While family was hunting across the frontier, they came across a troop of British soldiers who were transporting generals’ daughters, Cora and Alice Monroe. At that time, a gang of Huron Indians attacked the soldiers and murdered all but two girls and a soldier. The Mohican family rushed at the scene in time and rescued the survivors and whisked them to safety. Unfortunately, their thoughts were misguided as it turned out to be one of the many battles in the French Indian War. In this battle, General Munro, the father of the two girls was also fighting. The second section of this movie explores the changing relationship between the English and t
Factors that determine the choice of fast-food restaurants to take their meals From the market research, various factors have been analyzed as factors determining the choice of fast food restaurant for one to eat. In America, one out of 4 Americans living in towns they are feasting fast food restaurants because of various factors. However, the industry’s force for consolidation, homogenization and many other factors have contributed to customers looking for other factors that they choose when they want to consume in a restaurant. The factors that have been emulated in this research include the cleanliness of the fast-food restaurant that the consumers consume. the other factor that has been considered in this case is the type of services offered by restaurant in question. The price of the food offered in this restaurant as well as quality which the customers consider when selecting fast-food restaurants to take their meals. However some customers also consider the convenience of the location of the restaurant. From this research, the most important factor among the five factors under consideration is the type of services that the restaurant offers. Out of the sample of 100 people that were interviewed in this case, twenty-seven percent of the people said that the type of service the restaurant offered is important and very important. i.e. 12% for very important and 15% important. The price of the food offered and the convenience of location of the restaurant both scored 26 % under the category of important factors to consider. However the convenience of the location scored higher in terms of percentage of very important factors to consider when selecting a restaurant as compared to the price. It polled 12% as compared to 11% in the price however the two factors play an important role in determining the fast-food restaurants to choose. It means that a customer may choose a fast food restaurant either on the grounds of convenience or price depending on situation at hand at that time. Price is very important because without money in your pocket one will not choose a restaurant on any ground. When it comes to important factors price scores 16% while convenience scores 11%. This is less the same because the difference is less the same on either side. However, these factors will interchange with each other depending on the levels of income of the customer. If the customer’s level of income is higher then price will not be as important as compared to convince of the location. The other