ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Dorothy Mays is one of the cotemporary scholars who wrote about the position of women in the US before independence. The scholar wrote a book entitled Women in early America: struggle, survival and freedom in a new world. The author aims at exposing some difficulties that women faced before independence, such as unemployment, cultural biases, male patriarchy and sexual violence. The writer has a main purpose of showing how women managed to survive. She postulates that women could adopt some mechanisms that would help them counter cultural and social biases. With major political, socio-cultural and economic developments, women were able to fight for their rights. Dorothy is an assistant professor as well as a librarian at Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida. The writer holds an MA degree in History from the University of Virginia. She further holds an MLS from Indiana State University. The writer has written extensively on the role of women in America. Her works have changed the position of many women as well as men. However, her works on ‘Women in America’ have elicited heated debate among scholars of history and Gender studies. Her works are mostly influenced by personal experiences, having worked in various administrative positions. She knows the challenges that women face in their everyday lives. Her vast experience on women issues and good educational foundation allows her to analyze positions of women in the modern society successfully (Oates 47). The writer observes that women have not enjoyed freedom in political and economic history of America. They have always been under men in all fonts. Women were socialized to respect and offer men necessary support. The state on its part had no p
Introduction Managing the global operations has been one of the most important tasks that many organizations have had to deal with in the modern market. According to Loader (23), the world is increasingly turning into a global village where people can easily move from one part of the world to the other using some of the modern means of transport. Communication has also improved, making it easy for business units to monitor operations of their branches in various parts of the world. This is advantageous for multinational corporations that have global market coverage. The research by Nersesian (66) argues that, in the current competitive market, it is no longer safe for a firm to confine itself within a given local market. Such local markets can easily be attacked by multinational firms at any time, the fact that may reduce their profitability. This means that, the best way of remaining competitive is to explore other global markets. This helps the firm to increase the market base, limiting the impacts that may be caused by the entry of other international firms into the market. However, Hockley (43) says that, getting into the global market has its own challenges that the firm has to be able to deal with in order to achieve the desired success. Global operations need a high amount of capital to support the operations of the new overseas branches. It means that such a firm must be able to access the capital market where it can get the needed capital to expand its operations. Accessing the global capital market may not be as easy as accessing the local capital market. In this research, the focus will be to determine how firms can manage global operations from a financial perspective. The Global Market The emerging technologies have had positive impacts on the global market as firms struggle to reach out various parts of the world. According to Loader (64), there is a massive shift in the way the global market is viewed by firms in the modern days. In the past, the global market was believed to be a preserve for the large multinational organizations with huge financial strengths such as Coca Cola and the General Motors. During those periods, these large multinational corporations expanded rapidly as they enjoyed the benefit of operating in the local and international markets. The small and middle sized corporations continued to suffer as their local markets were constantly under attack of the new multinational firms. This reduced their competitiveness and their sources of income. These challenges have forced the medium sized firms, and even some small business units to spread the scope of their market beyond their original borders. Today, global operations are no longer a preserve for the large multinational as small and medium sized firms are also embracing it. However, the global market has a number
Introduction Pilate took the case of Jesus with the intention of judging. He wanted to determine whether Jesus was guilty of the crime put against him. The Roman soldiers made fun of Jesus. They called him “King of the Jews” in a sarcastic tone, just to torture him psychologically. They physically abused him, kicking him, and pushing him around. Pilate went back to the people and told them that he did not find any mistake committed by Jesus. He told to them that Jesus was innocent of the charges presented against him. Pilate presented Jesus to members of the public and told them that the man was innocent. Jesus wore a purple rob and a crown of thorns. When the Pharisees saw him, they cried aloud, “crucify him!” Pilate once again reiterated to that he did not find any mistake that would warrant death. The Jews and the Pharisees did not want to hear anything less than a death sentence. They insisted that Jesus had to die. In their minds, they had made a resolution and they wanted the presiding judge to confirm that Jesus was guilty of the crimes charged against him. Therefore, the punishment had to be in form of death. The Jews shouted saying that according to the law of the land, Jesus had to die for he called himself the son of God. Such a crime was considered a blasphemy. When Pilate heard that Jesus was the Son of God, he became afraid. He took Jesus back to the court chambers. He asked Jesus who he was. The response from Jesus made Pilate conclude that Jesus of Nazareth had done no mistake. It was clear to him that Jesus was innocent. He therefore wanted to release him. He went back to the crowd to inform them about his decision (Zugibe 123). He told them that Jesus had committed no crime. Consequently, Jesus would be set free. However, the Jews cried aloud. They told Pilate that by releasing the prisoner, Pilate would be going against Caesar. They told Pilate that Caesar was the only King in the land and that Jesus was to be crucified for trying to say that he was the King of the Jews and the Son of God. That was a blasphemy to God and disloyalty to the leadership of Roman. Such crimes could only be punished by death. Pilate tried to convince the crowd that Jesus was saying the truth. He even told them that Jesus was their King. However, the Jews demanded for immediate crucifixion of Jesus. Pilate was forced to give in to the demands of the crowd. He released Jesus to them, but reminded them that as a Judge, he did not find any sin committed by Jesus. The soldiers led Jesus to Golgotha for crucifixion. Jesus was finally crucified, along with other two criminals who had also been sentenced to death. This narrative is taken from the Book
William Carlos and W.H Auden are two prolific poets whose literary works can be used to bring out the outstanding differences between American and British poetry as revealed through their personal artistic complexity. William Carlos was born and grew up in America (Williams 2004). He was known for imagism and modernism insisting that poetry should be based on day to day circumstances that touch on the common people. He advocated for the adoption of modern poetic technics. W.H Auden, on the other hand, was born in England and spent part of his life in America. On the contrary, he stood for local poetic technics insisting on the need to uphold the traditional British styles of poetry (Bloomfield & Mendelson 2003). In comparing the two poems, Landscape with the fall of Icarus and Musee des Beaux-Arts, the two poetry writing styles stand out. William Carlos representing American poetry employs a style called stepped triadic line. This involves a long continuous line divided into three segments that make up a stanza in a poem. On the other hand, W.H Auden representing British poetry uses a style known as free verse. This style more or less resembles a paragraph in an essay. It involves the use of long irregular sentences within the poetic structure. The writer is limited to neither sentence length nor the number of sentences in a verse and therefore they have the freedom to have as many sentences as one can in order to relay the message (Baym 2007). There is a difference in general poem structure between American and British poetry. American poetry assumes the stanza format, as is the case with Landscape with the fall of Icarus where the poem is written in stanzas where sentences are arranged to form stanzas in the poem. Each stanza may be thematically independent or depend on other stanzas of the poem. British poetry employs a verse structure as evident in Musee des Beaux-Arts. In this structure, sentences are written in prose to form verses whose lengths are determined by the poet. Thus, while a poem in American poetry comprises of stanzas, a poem in British poetry is made up of verses (DeMaria 2001). Language complexity is another difference between the two forms of poetry. The poem by William Carlos is written in a simple diction that can be read and understood with ease. It also misses poetic devices of rhythm from a poetic point of view but is evident in present-day conversation. On the contrary, Auden uses complex sentences in order to attain musicality and rhythm in the poem. For instance “dogs go on with their doggy life”, this needs interpretation to reveal the intended meaning. Hence, American poems can be easily analyzed while analysis of British poetry is slightly harder due to the complexity of the language used (Longenbach
Working with children with Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) Children diagnosed with ROP have poor vision because the condition affects the retina part of the eye. Blood vessels in this region experience poor development. They are owing to ROP complication, scar tissue forms around the retina (Ramani, Police, and Jacob 112). Second, magnifying aids and high illumination are required to assist students with this visual complication. In fact, some students experiencing ROP complication may be partially blind and hence cannot see clearly unless numbers and letters are made larger or brightened. Helping a child who has a neurological vision impairment A child with neurological vision impairment should be accommodated alongside other normal learners, especially when visual perceptual tasks are being carried out. In other words, the teacher should not exclude or pay little attention to such a child. This is vital so that the learner can concentrate the available energy on the on-going task. Second, it is vital for the teacher to understand that epilepsy is a common brain condition for children diagnosed with neurological vision impairment. Before the occurrence of neurological vision impairment, a teacher should exercise reasonable seizure control (Ramani, Police, and Jacob 111). The teacher should also assist such a child in maintaining a perceptual continuum than learners who are not handicapped. In addition, children with neurological vision impairment may take quite a longer time than other normal learners to analyze small bits of information. Hence, it is the duty of a teacher to grant them additional time to thin and give their feedbacks. They should not be quickly dismissed before they take adequate time for analysis and response. Third, such children experience overload quite easily. They even find it cumbersome to maintain f
Introduction Some schools have been accused of increasing their performance scores through un-enrolling underperforming students during the assessment time. After the assessment is over, the students are re-enrolled. The purpose of carrying out these actions is to enable the institutions to present higher scores to state and federal organizations. In this article, the actions of those who are responsible for removing these students from the attendance roles are compared to the perspectives of egoism and utilitarianism. To evaluate what was done, the article would look at whether the schools’ actions were based on the students’ best interests. Main body Utilitarianism and egoism theories center on the effect of behavior as the key motivator of whether or not that action is moral. Utilitarianism assumes that human actions should be geared towards achieving the best for the benefit of the greatest number of persons (Rachels 91). On the other hand, egoism assumes that a human’s actions should be directed at fulfilling the best for his or her personal interest (Rachels 76). Based on utilitarianism, the act of un-enrolling underperforming students and then un-enrolling them after the exams is morally wrong. The above actions would only benefit those responsible for the actions. If they present doctored raised reports, the school will receive adequate funds and credentials, unlike the schools that present poor results. The funds would be helpful in improving the schools’ facilities and enhancing the welfare of their employees. How
Law enforcement policies are guided by certain theories and principles. For instance, deterrence theory is now widely used as it is regarded as an effective framework that helps in deterring would-be offenders from committing crimes. However, there are still many concerns as to the effectiveness of such policies and the applicability of the theory to some contexts. This paper includes a brief analysis of the ways the theory is used by scholars. The focus is on adolescent sex crimes and policies developed on the basis of deterrence theory. Theory Description Deterrence theory is based on the assumption that people can make rational choices when deciding whether to commit or deter from committing a crime. It is stipulated that people weigh possible benefits as well as negative outcomes associated with their actions including criminal behaviors (Najdowski, Cleary, & Stevenson, 2016). In case the adverse effects overweigh potential gains, people are believed to deter from offenses. One of the major negative event associated with crime is being caught (Svensson, 2015). Therefore, it is possible to use the following wording. If people believe they can be caught easily and get severe punishment, they are likely to avoid certain crimes. However, there are many settings where this theory cannot be applied. Adolescent Sex Crimes Juvenile crime is one of the most controversial areas as adolescent delinquents are regarded as people who are unlikely to be totally responsible for their actions or can understand the outcomes of their behavior (Najdowski et al., 2016). At the same time, adolescents can commit violent crimes and become offenders in their adulthood. One of the crimes that attract a lot of attention is the adolescent sex crime. The policies associated with this type of offense are also rather debatable. For instance, the registration policy is seen as rather controversial (Najdowski et al., 2016). This policy implies the registration of adolescents’ personal information, and the following offenses can lead to stricter punishments for the registered people. Theoretical Point(s) of View Presented in the Article As has been mentioned above, the theory appeals to the individuals’ ability to make rational choices. Najdowski et al. (2016) concentrate on this premise and emphasize that adolescents are often unable to make rational choices due to certain psychological peculiarities of this age group. Moreover, the researchers claim that many young people are unaware of this policy and its possible outcomes. The researchers also note that psychological peculiarities of individuals should also be taken into account as people often have different risk perceptions. Svenssson (2015) addresses another aspect associated with people’s differences. The author states that individuals’ levels of morality have a considerable impact on their deterrence. The researcher stresses that deterrence is more likely to be effective among people with low levels of morality. Data and
This project is important for the attempts to develop an evidence-based solution that would be applied to the management of patients with type 2 diabetes, both postoperatively and preoperatively. Due to the high burden of diseases, rigorous treatment and intervention are needed to reduce the risks of adverse outcomes (World Health Organization, 2014). The developed PICOT question aims to address the challenges linked to the surgical treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes before and after surgery to ensure that such challenges as infections of surgical site and poor control of blood sugar do not limit recovery (Akiboye & Rayman, 2017). The challenge of treating patients with a diabetes diagnosis is that there is no single pattern of insulin use, while combination therapy calls for multiple adjustments (Kong et al., 2020; ADA, 2020). In addition to glycemic control, the operative management of patients requires continuous assessments of patients before and after the scheduled surgery to optimize such parameters as electrolytes and ketones (Jefferies et al., 2018). All of the mentioned challenges are expected to be addressed with the help of the current project. The project is planned to be implemented in both pre- and post-surgical hospital settings concerning patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The implementation of rigorous treatment will be compared with the outcomes of various therapeutic interventions in order to decrease complications and possible infections. Rigorous treatment is expected to include a range of procedures targeted at addressing the challenges associated with type 2 diabetes. These can include glargine
According to Miller and Chen (2013), children that were raised in families with low socioeconomic status were more likely to develop respiratory illnesses, as well as some chronic illnesses, including autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers. Exposure to secondhand smoke, malnutrition, neglect and abuse can lead to the development of various diseases (e.g. respiratory diseases or lung cancer). Moreover, children who lived in such families often had poor self-regulation skills that could result in obesity or smoking/drinking (Miller & Chen, 2013). Santiago, Kaltman, and Miranda (2013) point out that different conditions related to poverty can also result in the development of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in children because of their exposure to violence. Such exposure can also lead to an increased risk of alcohol and drug abuse (i.e. development of addictive behaviors) (Santiago et al., 2013). Single parents can be at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to the possible stress that is caused by the parent’s responsibility for the family’s quality of life and the future of their child. Due to high exposure to stress, single parents who live in poverty can also suffer from insomnia and the resulting headache and mood swings, as well as a lack of concentration (Almendrala, 2016). Insomnia can lead to the development of depression and anxiety, as well as constant fatigue. As it can be seen, living in poverty adversely influences the physical and mental health of single parents. There are multiple community services available in Phoenix, AZ metro area. For example, Fresh Start Women’s Resource Center provides workshops, counseling, and other services for women who have to experience any transition (divorce, abuse, planned/unplanned pregnancy, etc.) in their life (“Best 10 community service”, 2017, para. 3). Non-profit community organization Pathway for Youth mentors teenagers and young adults at risk. HandsOn Greater Phoenix is a non-profit organization that consists of volunteers who address and work on community issues (education, animal welfare, homelessness, etc.). St. Mary’s Food Bank Alliance provides free food for homeless people or people with a complex financial background (“Best 10 community service”, 2017, para. 1). Emergency food
Introduction Mediation is a way of alternative dispute resolution that helps parties settle a conflict without resorting to litigation. Mediation is intended to provide people with quick access to justice and increase their satisfaction with the process and outcome (Lester, 2020). While litigation also gives fast and effective results, it does not consider interpersonal relationships involved in the conflict, and this is where mediation differs from legal action. In this paper, I will discuss the use of transformative mediation for conflict resolution and its application to my professional and academic goals. My career aspirations are to become a director of a shelter or a hospital dealing with people with disabilities. In alignment with these professional goals, my academic aims are to obtain a Bachelor’s degree on which I am currently working and continue my education in the field of management. In the work setting that I have selected for my future career, I may have to deal with conflicts among various individuals: hospital patients and physicians, landlords and disabled tenants, managers, and employees. Transformative mediation can help me manage these conflicts by focusing on preserving relationships between the parties. Basic Principles of Transformative Mediation Transformative mediation is based on empowerment and the restoration of interaction between conflicting parties. Its underlying assumption is that conflicts are not inherently negative but stem from interaction breakdowns (Lester, 2020). Therefore, it can be resolved by helping parties understand the causes of the conflict and decide how to proceed in the future. Consequently, the role of a transformative mediator is to support parties in shifting toward the recognition of the causes of their conflict and empower them to take action towar