ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The name of the story is “STORY OF AN HOUR.” The nature of Mrs. Mallard’s heart complications necessitated a caution to be taken when breaking the disheartening news of her husband’s demise. In this case, the duty of the person breaking the news was to appear gentle while transmitting the sensitive news. The only person considered bold and gentle enough was her sister. She tried to sound strong and gentle, but her sentences came out in broken format. The sentences did not reveal everything. However, it managed to reveal half hints of the news. Her husband’s friend was there to console her. The husband’s friend was among the first people who had received the news about the railway disaster. He waited for a second telegram, which confirmed the death to him in order to make sure that he had valid news. From that moment, he became sure of the delicate news. Thus, he had to formulate a better way of communicating to his friend’s wife. The story came to her in a way that it created an inability to accept the significance. The story also allowed her to be normal and grief at the loss of a loved one. She moved in her room and engaged in self-reflection on the time spent. She took some time looking outside the window, but literary, she was sunk in an armchair next to her. All the self-reflection of the past led to physical exhaustion. However, her soul was alert and reaching towards her body. Her eyes were moving from one place of interest to the next. At one time, she was admiring trees outside her house with a sense of analyzing the new spring of life in them. Amidst the painful part regarding the death of her husband, the delicious breath of rain was freely circulating in the air. She focused on a voice emerging from a distance whereby it was amplified by the twittering of sparrows and a street peddler ready for the day’s activities. At a far distance, her sight was caught by clouds that were moving slowly across the skies. The west horizon was filled with clouds that seemed very close to her window. A sob took her back to feelings that she thought she had overcome. It was quite unnoticed that a sob was to hit her hard since she was supporting herself with the cushion of the chair. The cry of a child and the fact that they are carried away by the dreams when they sleep while crying was equivalent to her mourning. She had tried to gather the strength from within to contain the pain internally. Her age was easily noticeable, and her calm face signified strength and a deeper repression. In a close look, it seemed to fade. The pain of the news had made her calm face dull, and her eyes change. Her eyes seemed quit
Madonna and Child with Book , created by Raphael in 1502-1503, is an excellent example of a Renaissance style painting. It features all the critical visual characteristics of the period, including harmony of color and shape, grace, and nobility (“Madonna and Child with Book”). The painting depicts Madonna and the Christ Child reading a volume of daily devotions. Both Madonna and the Child are holding the book in their hands, which emphasizes their connection to religion and spirituality. However, instead of reading, they are looking at one another, as if acknowledging the future of Christ (Norton Simon Museum). Rafael was only 18 or 19 years old when he created the piece, yet it possesses all the distinctive characteristics of his style, such as rich colors, calm images of nature in the background, and stability. Although the picture is not symmetrical, the robes of Madonna are arranged in a way that creates a flowing and balanced appearance. The picture thus translates the same calmness and harmony that is often part of artworks depicting Madonna and the Child. Overall, this painting is a vivid example of early Raphael’s work and the Renaissance style. Rubens’ Meleager and Atalanta and the Hunt of the Calydonian Boar is among the highlights of the museum’s collection of European paintings. Created in 1618-1619, this oil on panel piece depicts an Ancient Roman narrative about the hunt on a ferocious boar, sent by goddess Diana (“Meleager and Atalanta and the Hunt of the Calydonian Boar”). In this oil sketch, Atlanta shoots an arrow at the boar while the rest of the hunters trap the creature with weapons and hunting dogs, preventing it from escaping. One of the most significant features of the work is the “sense of immediacy”, achieved through the use of rapid brush strokes (“Meleager and Atalanta and the Hunt of the Calydonian Boar”). This technique also allowed the artist to recreate the chaotic movement of different characters within the painting. Although the attention of all figures is directed at the boar, there is no sense of unity in their efforts. The style and subject of the work relate to the Renaissance period, which was mainly characterized by the exploration of the classical Antiquity, including Greek and Roman narratives. The Birth of St. John the Baptist is a painting by a Spanish artist Bartolomé-Esteban Murillo, who became famous for his naturalistic and engaging portrayal of Biblical narratives and events (“The Birth of St. John the Baptist”). Indeed, the image of John the Baptist taking his first bath, surrounded by midwives and parents, seems more casual and natural than spiritual. The only details of the painting that reminds the audience of the story behind the piece are the figures of three angels, overlooking the scene from above. There is no tension in
Introduction Global terrorism affects the lives and property of the people directly affected by such acts but it also acts like ripples in a pool of water, spreading economic woes on nations far away from the actual attack. The terrorist actions of 9/11 on the World Trade Centers in New York, which resulted in more than 3,000 innocent people being killed, is a prime example. The effects of this action spread human misery further than those affected directly by the loss of lives. The U.S. economy, which was not in the best of health prior, was held to a temporary stagnation and the resulting ‘ripple effect’ negatively affected almost everyone in the U.S. and all of the countries it trades with. Main text The 9-11 attack was projected to cost the U.S. more than $500 billion in the short term not counting what it may spend to counteract terrorism militarily as well as other expenditures directed toward securing the borders. However, on the whole, the damaging economic influence of the terrorist act in the short term was substantially smaller than initially estimated. Much of the better than expected recovery from this catastrophic event is attributed to effective management by the Administration, the Federal Reserve and Congress. These three entities reacted promptly to re-establish the public and Wall Street’s confidence in the economy “by injecting liquidity and provid[ing] resources to deal with the consequences of the attacks. The Federal Reserve by lowering the price of credit and temporarily providing vast amounts of liquidity helped safeguard the integrity of the financial system and saved many firms from bankruptcy” (Looney, 2002). The terrorist attacks of Sept. 11 had an instantaneous negative economic influence on the financial and corporate sectors worldwide. Many companies either closed or scaled back which caused an increase in unemployment and a resulting decrease in the tax base. This lack of consumer, corporate and government monetary resources was not good news for countries that depend upon exporting products to the U.S. and the E.U. for economic stability such as the Asian ports located in Thailand and Singapore. Regions of the world that depended on tourism suffered as well as consumers were watching their expenditures and were less likely to travel to foreign countries by air. The slowing down in air transportation and tourism sectors has particularly affected national economies that were mainly dependent on them. The travel industry in the U.S. and other countries was obviously negatively affected by the slowdown in tourism. Asian, European and Caribbean economies were devastated by the lack of tourism and exportation. All regions where tourism supplied a substantial quantity of a nation’s income were adversely affected as well. “Tourism makes up 5 percent of the GDP in some of the European countries, but for countries like Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic and Mauritius it accounts for 6.6 percent, 9.6 and 13 percent of the GDP, respectively” (Noshab, 2002). The
Introduction Knowledge of environmental risks of nanoparticles has accrued gradually over the past century (Brodsky 2011). Recent studies have shown that some nanoparticles like asbestos could alter cell arrangement leading to the death of the cells. Currently, it is accepted that the environmental contamination of nanoparticles fibers is harmful to flora and fauna (Debia 2013). The article below will focus on the environmental risk posed by asbestos particles. Asbestos is a naturally occurring substance. Historical records indicate that humans have utilized the material for over 3000 years (Dragonieri 2014). Over the last century, the material has been used in construction, locomotive, apparel, and plastic industries. For decades, tanks and pipework have been insulated with asbestos materials in infirmaries, power generation centers, and other manufacturing industries (Egilman 2009). Asbestos has also been used in the making of textiles owing to its resistance to high temperatures and corrosive materials. The most popular apparel that utilized this nanoparticle comprised of bedspreads, firefighter suits, and rope. In the automotive industry, the substance was used in the manufacture of brake mats, clutches, hood linings, seals, and stopcocks. The material has also been used to make a floor covering and roofing tiles. The paste used to fasten floor tiles has also been manufactured using the nanoparticle. Asbestos has also been used to make cement products. The material was added to cement to enhance the efficiency of the building material (Debia 2013). The nanoparticle was preferred owing to its ability to offer strength to construction materials without the unnecessary addition of considerable weight. Asbestos’ protecting and fire-resistant features also made the material a perfect ingredient of cement products. An environmental risk characterization of asbestos Hazard Asbestos particles may pollute the air or water from the disintegration of naturally occurring deposits or artificial merchandise (Jelinek 2015). The particles do not vaporize into the air or liquefy in water solution. In this regard, the nanoparticles stay suspended in water or air. Through this, they may be carried away from their source by air or water. As indicated above asbestos usually cause air population when disturbed. When blown by the wind the substances become airborne. In such situations, animals and animals may inhale the particles. In the lungs of these organisms, the substances may trigger respiratory complications. As such, the more an individual is exposed to these materials the more he or she increases the chances of developing asbestos-related complications. Some of the health hazards associated with the nanoparticle are asbestosis, mesothelioma, and lung cancer. Asbestosis is a respiratory disease that usually affects persons exposed to asbestos (Sen 2015). The disease was first diagnosed among individuals working in naval shipyards. When these nanoparticles are inha
Different organizations manage workforce in different ways. Some value workforce indefinitely while others do not. According to Ford, it is very difficult for top management to treat employees as commodities. He observed how workers were punished when they committed simple mistakes and performed tasks like a machine while they kept silent. This made him comment that “A great business is really too big to be human”. Though Ford was not pleased by how the employees were working, Green (2008) points that a business as an entity cannot exist without workforce The main feature of personnel management involves coordination within a department as well as collaboration with other units in the organization. Human resource management is a challenging function. Different personnel have different personalities, and they all have to be catered for by the human resource management. It is up to the human resource management to note the difference between the different employees and make use of those abilities for the personal development of the employees and for the development of the organization as well (Willard & Hitchcock, 2006). Corporate organizations have different structures that are suited for the management styles of the particular organizations. It is up to management of the organization to determine the organizational structure that would lead to achievement of the mission and vision of the organization, while at the same time ensuring that the human resources are efficiently utilized. The employees of a company should be made to feel that they are appreciated and valued so as to increase their productivity. One of the ways of ensuring this happens is through establishing of clear roles through an effective and well defined organizational structure (Fisher, 2009). Nowadays, businesses face more challenging tasks since many of them have been set up and are always coming up with new competitive ways so that they can try and stay afloat of the competition in the market. One of the best ways that has been repeatedly used by businesses is the employee retention strategies by human resource departments. Once the
Introduction If choosing the sex of a child can be done in a manner that does not interfere with the integrity of the pregnancy progression, there could be nothing wrong with it. Parents should be cautioned against terminating a pregnancy based on the reason that the fetus is of sex that they did not prefer (Barnes, 2015). Abortion and other issues could be reduced by enabling parents to select the sex of the child ahead of time. Opinions Being able to choose the sex of children will result in happy parents who love their families. The process will also make it safe for mothers who have genetic problems. If mothers feel that a pregnancy will bring about a child who has the gender of their choice, there will be reduced cases of abortion (Cuervo-Arango, 2015). Carrying a pregnancy is a great thing and if parents know or choose what the gender of their babies is going to be, then they will be more prepared for their arrival and will nurture them with love. Although the process of choosing the sex of a child may involve a few risks or pain, they are insignificant when compared to the concerns of carrying an unwanted pregnancy and having a child that one does not love. It would be prudent to allow the choice of the gender of a baby just like how every person has the freedom to have a child or not. For critics who state that God has a reason for the sex of every child, they should understand that one should choose the gender of the baby than carry out an abortion. Since scientific advancements have permitted mothers to know the gender of the fetus they are carrying, if sex selection is not allowed, most parents will choose to abort and try again (Barnes, 2015). This makes choosing the sex of children better than numerous abortions until one gets a baby of the preferred gender. In some instances, children are also subjected to torture. For instance, a mother may take it out on a child by continually saying that she would have been more satisfied if he were born a girl or vice versa. Although most parents would take good care of children irrespective of their gender, the truth is that others would not. Preference of Technology in Choosing the Sex of a Child Technology should not be used in choosing the sex of a child. This is attributable to its negative impact on the health of the individuals born through such processes, for instance, in-vitro fertilization. Researchers have found that, in their late
Ethical Problem KLM Company has a decade-long practice of engaging in corporate social responsibilities every year. The average cost of each social responsibility based on the previous budgets was $ 12,500. The firm was planning to expand its operations to India, and it needed all the resources to be channeled to this new business venture. Ethically, the firm had to finance social responsibilities. In this case, the expansion had to be postponed, a move that would have jeopardized its ability to make a successful entry into the new market. On the other hand, the management could have chosen to suspend financing social responsibilities in that year, a move that could have brought harm to the firm’s relationship with the local community. As the marketing director of this firm, the researcher had to decide on how this ethical dilemma had to be resolved. The solution to the Problem This ethical dilemma was brought to the attention of the top management because of its financial implications. The senior managers made a unanimous decision that a solution should come from the marketing director. Making a decision when faced with a dilemma can be very challenging. One has to view the pros and cons of each choice and choose an option that brings fewer consequences and more benefits. This case presented several complexities because of the stakes that were to be lost when either of the options was ignored. To make an informed choice, the marketing directors summoned all the mid-managers for a lengthy deliberation about the most appropriate decision that was to be made. Unfortunately, there was no agreement among the panel members. After a voting process, it was clear that the number of people who supported expansion plans was just as many as those who were in support of continuing with corporate social responsibility. The weight of making an important decision was left to the managing director. After deliberating on the arguments given by the panel members and personal experiences on the issue, the marketing director decided to suspend the expansion plan. A report was written to the top managers that the firm would finance its corporate social responsibilities as has been its tradition for the last decade. An expansion plan could be implemented at a later date when finances are available. To ensure that the expansion plan remained alive, the director suggested that a small team of employees should be a commission to start surveying the new market to identify the location where the firm would operate from. Other market dynamics as the management worked on the issue of sourcing for the needed funds. Integration of Course Content This course has been fundamental in enhancing the researcher’s knowledge when it comes to solving ethical dilemmas. According to Donaldson (1996), when faced with an ethical dilemma, one should strive to follow the principles of moral intelligence. The first principle states that one should strive not to do any harm. It is important to appreciate that in some practic
Introduction All libraries face complex challenges in identifying, acquiring and managing appropriate information resources. Traditional formats and ever more technologically interesting information sources are expected by patrons in communities of all sizes. Small and rural public libraries have always faced unique challenges in this arena. Some of these challenges include: limited budgets for materials, licenses, and equipment, limited staffs (sometimes only one person performs all library functions), too many inappropriate and unsolicited gifts, limited space for print material and limited computers for electronic access, time constraints, and limited opportunities for library training and education within easy access (Evans & Saponaro 2005). In addition to these traditional issues, the changes in formats, market models, and technological tools have further exacerbated these challenges and are making collection development even more complex. Type of library An academic library is a library that is attached to academic institutions above the secondary level, serving the teaching and research needs of students and staff. These libraries serve two complementary purposes: to support the school’s curriculum and to support the research of the university faculty and students. The support of teaching requires material for class readings and for student papers. In the past, the material for class readings, intended to supplement lectures as prescribed by the instructor, has been called reserves (Evans et al. 2005). ­­In the period before electronic resources became available, the reserves were supplied as actual books or as photocopies of appropriate journal articles. Traditionally, one copy of a book was made available for each 10 students ­­­­­­­- this is impractical in most cases especially where large groups are involved. Academic libraries must decide what focus they take in collecting materials since no single library can supply everything. When there are particular areas of specialization in academic libraries; they are often referred to as niche collections. These collections are often the basis of a special collection department and may include original papers, artwork, and artifacts written or created by a single author or about a specific subject. Academic libraries today vary in regard to the extent to which they accommodate those who are not affiliated with their parent universities. Some offer reading and borrowing privileges to members of the public on payment of an annual fee; such fees can vary greatly. The privileges that are obtained usually do not extend to such services as computer usage, other than to search the catalog, or Internet access. Alumni and students of cooperating local universities may be given discounts or other consid