ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is usual to suppose that Dante’s great poem La Divina Commedia is permeated so thoroughly with scholasticism and contemporary reference that it cannot be readily understood without considerable learning. But this is not so. A great poem is not so limited. Whatsoever has been integrated into an art-form derives prolonged vitality from that whole which is its new setting: and that whole is not readily antiquated. A careful inspection shows Dante’s work, like that of other poets, to be built mainly of imaginative effects: these are primary. The philosophy and historical references find their places in the imaginative scheme, and when seen like this, their significance is generally not hard to understand. The poem is in three parts: L’Inferno, Il Purgatorio, and Il Paradiso. It narrates Dante’s progress through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. But what are we to say of these if we do not ourselves believe in any so rigid an eschatology? In what sense can an admirer be said to accept Dante’s attitude and conviction? The answer is simple. We can suggest first that the whole is to be seen as Dante’s personal spiritual progress, from an evil to a blessed state: but this alone does scant justice to the firmly objective system to which he introduces us. In this objective reality, he himself believed. Therefore we must blend our facts and say that the poem expresses Dante’s own experience of an objectively conceived evil or grace. We need not believe what Dante believes, but we must believe in his belief, thus tuning our minds to his experience. Then we shall see that the people he finds in Hell are there because he sees them as Hell-forces. Persons are not evil: evil needs ever a relation, reciprocity. Therefore, Dante’s progress through Hell shows Dante’s experience of evil in terms of people he knew or books he has read. We can follow exactly his Hell experience without at all agreeing to his judgment on pagans. All poetry must be read like this. The constituting elements in a poem or play grow out of date in a year, an hour, a minute. The symbolized experience is dateless. Dante Inferno is such an experience endued with poetic immortality. Dante’s poem is a poem of fire. First, the hungry flames of Hell; next, the varying light of Purgatory; third, the light and still blaze of Paradise. But we must see how skilfully the poet incarnates his spirit-world into natural forms such as the Eagle, the Rose. And Goethe Faust more strongly still stresses the idea of incarnation. It is his final statement. The poem is rough and chaotic: it expresses the experience of a lifetime, speaking in terms of Renaissance aspiration and erotic intuition, often looking back to ancient Greece and considering to what extent poetry may re
Introduction What is social justice? According to Sociology Guide (2010), social justice is the collective impartiality that ensures that fairness is exercised when it comes to administration of laws. Social justice also ensures that the people of a certain society are subjected to equal treatment by availing equality in all aspects of the society which include rewards and burdens. Social justice calls for the upholding of ethics within a society and comes up with codes that dictate how social justice is to be administered (p. 1). The Australian indigenous people have been subjected to grievous social injustices in the past that included racism, discrimination, oppression, sexism and prejudice among many others. In this case study, we are critically analyzing current social justice policies and Federal government and opposition parties’ responses to Australian Indigenous’ perspective on social justice. Current social justice policies in Australia In 1992, Australia embraced social justice through the formation of a social justice commissioner’s post by the federal government. The reason why this post was formed was to protect the indigenous Australians who were undergoing various social atrocities. Some of the atrocities that the indigenous people of Australia faced included racism, suspicious deaths while in custody, as well as unfairness when it came to distribution of resources which made them a grossly disadvantaged lot. The main idea behind the formation of the social justice commission was to give the indigenous Australian people choice by empowering them to stand up for their rights (Australian Human rights commission 2010). This commission was also entitled to bring sanity to the laws that governed the indigenous people and ensure that they were friendly and just. It also had the role of ensuring that these people equally enjoyed their rights and freedoms just like any other Australian citizen. This commission also looked at empowering the indigenous people in all areas of life including decision making. This empowerment was to ensure that these people contributed equally to the economy of the state. In return, the government has the duty of protecting them and ensuring that they have access to all the necessary resources as provided by the government (Australian Human rights commission 2010). The commissioner was faced with the duty of tabling a report in parliament that detailed the progress on the native title and social justice as required by the Acts which were put in place in 1993. The person that was given this task was one Mick Gooda who coupled up as the social justice commissioner of the Aboriginal a
Autonomy Autonomy as used in the field of medical ethics is a principle that gives due attention to the rights of persons that lead to self-determination. The code falls within the precincts of medical ethics whose system entails practical application of values that lead to sound judgment in the field of medicine. The standards of autonomy, which are entrenched in the society, appreciate people’s ability to make personal decisions, which satisfy their conscience. Value is placed on the patients as opposed to the health practitioners. In the entire healthcare system, autonomy functions as a gauge for various issues that include the well-being of the medical professionals, the health profession, and the patients. Autonomy attempts to strike equilibrium within the health profession so that all the stakeholders realize the real meaning of ethics. The aim of the principle behind autonomy seeks to gauge the effectiveness of personal health, the ethical gains the profession derives, and the medical advancement from the other professions such as sociology, anthropology, psychology, and psychiatry. The relevance of autonomy goes far and beyond where the both psychologists and psychiatrists are involved in the determination of whether the patients can make decisions on their lives if faced with life-threatening illnesses (Branch 1977). Autonomy takes a different dimension in ht circumstances that the patient in question mental challenges. The evaluators in this perspective turn to protectors of rights in the cases such patients deliberately refuse to take medication. Such decisions would be taken to mean an option for early death. Particular situations arise when there is a clash between autonomy and recommendations from the health practitioners that seem to benefit the patient. Though there are various ways through which such conflicts are resolved, the benefits to the patient are considered above autonomy. Ethical duties and integrated medicine Integrated medicine operates under two other names i.e. alternative medicine and complementary medicine. The scope of integrated medicine covers a wide continuum that encompasses fully professionalized systems. It is charged with the responsibility running the institutions of health education in a manner that is in tandem with the ethical codes of practice. In between the continuum ends, there are methods that are not very systematic (Whorton 1998). The furthest end carries the medical quacks that operate in what could be termed as black market. They are non-professional and not licensed. Several ethical issues relate to integrated medicine. There is increased pressure to complement the mainstre
Krispy Kreme Corporation is among the most popular doughnut producers and in the southern states of United States of America. Besides operating in USA, Krispy Kreme Corporation has various stores in the other regions like Australia, Canada and the Asian Region. Having its operations at both local and international markets, environmental analysis of Krispy Kreme confirms that the corporation is terribly struggling with its stores. Following the recently experienced financial crisis, Krispy Kreme Corporation experienced a significant decline in its profitability due to contracted cash flows in the markets. The macro-analysis of the food industry has revealed how consumer demand for confectionaries like doughnuts and other products produced by Krispy Kreme Corporation has significantly declined over the last three years. Though high population in USA and the other regions seems to provide potential market opportunities for Krispy Kreme’s wide variety of baked food products; cultural disparities within the baking practices have been a major problem (Huntley, 2008, p.59). However, advancement in infrastructure like transport and communication systems in USA have enhanced quick distribution of baked food products while they are still fresh. With world becoming integrated in trade and business affairs, the tendency of Krispy Kreme Corporation to extend its operations in other regions of the world has contributed to its success. For instance, the formation of trade blocs by like NAFTA among others has enabled Krispy Kreme Corporation to operate on low tariff in its various branches in USA, Australia and North America regions among others. Further, the currently revolutionized Australian society towards digitization has impacted positively on the performance of Krispy Kreme. Precisely, the introduction of ‘hot doughnut technology’ and ‘MyKrispyKreme’ which connects the franchise management and Krispy Kreme retailers has been a great achievement for the company. As noted by Perreault, Cannon & McCarthy (2009, p.7), today’s organizations which seem to embrace the revolutionizing societal trends are considered as having the potential to perform better in the long-run. Legal issues like competition law, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, tax regimes and licensing procedures in both USA and the world at large have as well impacted a lot on Krispy Kreme. For instance, the legal facet of corrupt deals between Krispy Kreme with top government officials during franchise processes is largely inhibited by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. In addition, the competition law restricts any corporation to merge with another with an aim of dominating the markets (Conklin & Cadieux, 2008, p.26). All these legal procedures have been found to restrict all the operations carried out by Krispy Kreme in all its operational regions. In addition, commercial lit
The National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA) is one of the responding organizations that has operated in the USA since the second half of the 20th century. Being the oldest representative of its sphere in the whole country, NOVA is focused on the provision of assistance to those individuals who are affected by crimes and crises. The organization acts as an advocate for these people and ensures that they have access to all required resources. In addition to that, it pays much attention to training and education of professionals who assist victims, ensuring that they have well-developed professional core competencies. NOVA also promotes public policy initiatives in order to advocate for victims and protect them. This organization values care about people and does its best to maintain excellence in its work. It cooperates with numerous other organizations and individuals who have the same purpose. NOVA believes that it can change people’s lives for better if it continues assisting victims. The organization has its own Crisis Response Team (CRT) that is trained to provide required aid and education to those people who are affected by a critical incident. The team includes professionals from different spheres who have much experience in “Disaster Management, Debriefing, Victim Assistance, Victimology and Crisis Intervention” (Davis, 1998, para. 4). While performing its duties, CRT uses a tool that is known as Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD). This model is used when a critical incident takes place, which presupposes a sudden death, a serious injury, and a physical or psychological threat. NOVA personnel performs its duties in order to help victims of traumatic events, focusing on short-term crisis reactions. They do their best to assist those people who face the cataclysms of emotion and fail to overcome it themselves. While some symptoms, such as rage or nightmares, can disappear with the course of time, others may turn into long-term crisis reactions that prevent people fro
Introduction As the world’s nations continue to scale the heights of development, they inevitably have to grapple with the negative side of the advancements realized therein. Among such consequences is the problem of environmental pollution. The battle against environmental pollution has brought together international bodies, governments at the national level, and organizations within countries. However, the trends indicate that the harder the battle is fought, the more serious the issues of concern become. Environmental pollution is a multifaceted concept that is constituted by a plethora of independent aspects. One of these aspects, which continue to dominate debates across the entire world, is noise pollution. As cities expand to accommodate their ever-increasing activities, so does noise from all sorts of sources increase. This essay examines noise pollution and distinguishes it from sound pollution with a focus on urban traffic noise. Noise Pollution in Perspective Existing literature is awash with different approaches to the definition of noise and consequently noise pollution. However, of importance is that the approach notwithstanding, noise bears one characteristic that qualifies any sound to be considered as noise. It tends to impair communication between two parties (Schafer, 1994). In other words, noise is any sound that irritates ears and by doing so, hinders ears from capturing projected sound adequately. In light of this insight, noise pollution is thus the existence of sounds that combine to inflict pain on ears continuously, thus causing discomfort to the listener. This assertion means that in a polluted acoustic environment, any two parties wishing to communicate will do so under some level of strain and the chances of the message being distorted are very high. Noise pollution has been found to have several adverse effects on the health and well-being of man. Its effects range from damaging ears to have a causal effect on some complex health conditions that have been witnessed in some people. To begin with, noise pollution causes reduced working efficiency as noted by Kryter (1970). When two groups of people are placed in noisy and non-noisy environments and assigned the same tasks, those in a quieter environment will tend to be slightly more productive than those in a noisy environment. This aspect could be attributed to the fact that noise pollution causes distraction and as such, slows down a worker in a noisy environment. The distraction in most cases is undesirable, but the victims cannot help it since they have to divide their attention to a given extent between the noise and the task. The disparity could be up to 12% improved efficiency for those working in a generally quiet environment (Kryter, 1970). In addition to affecting the efficiency of a worker, noise can also affect the reaction time of an individual to visual stimuli (Kryter, 1970). If noise is persistently availed and the individual is presented with visual stimuli to react to,
Data Collection Demographics The total population of Baltimore City estimates to more than 600,000 residents (Baltimore City Health Department [BCHD], 2017a). The community of such neighborhoods as Pimlico, Hilltop, and Arlington is around 11,000 people (BCHD, 2017b). The age group with most residents is represented by adults of 25 to 44 years, followed by adults of 45 to 64 years and children and adolescents of 0 to 17 years. This data shows that the city has residents from different age groups and has many generations, whose individuals needs differ from one another. The rates of male and female citizens are almost equal, with 53% of females and 47% of males living in Baltimore City (BCHD, 2017a). Most residents of the city are Black, with white being the next most represented group. However, such neighborhoods as Pimlico are predominantly inhabited by Black people, as more than 90% of all residents identify as Black or African American (BCHD, 2017b). According to these reports, Baltimore City has a high rate of children living in one-parent families, with Pimlico having more than 70% of such households (BCHD, 2017b). Moreover, many of the residents do not have a higher education, as almost a half of respondents stated that they had some level of college education (BCHD, 2017b). The rate of white residents with higher education is almost three times higher than that of Black people. The data about income groups yields similar results, as white people comprise the predominant part of the population with an income higher than $75,000 (BCHD, 2014). The median outcome for the city is roughly $40,000 (BCHD, 2017a). Community status Various factors influence the state of the community in Baltimore City. According to the BCHD (2017c), many neighborhoods have distinct characteristics because of their historic group formations. For example, many residential areas are mostly populated by Black people, while only one community in the city is predominantly white. The history of the town includes various policies that prohibited Black people from moving into “white neighborhoods,” and the effects of such segregation are still present in the mapping of the city to this day (BCHD, 2017c, p. 8). Similar guidelines also portrayed areas with a predominantly Black population as “high risk.” Such restrictions created poorer conditions for Black residents and put them in neighborhoods with less comfortable living conditions. Safety remains a challenge for these residential areas. Nevertheless, the discussed part of the city is devoid of any industrial buildings, which keeps the air clean, although abandoned houses in the area affect the overall environment (BCHD, 2017b). The Latino population of the city is growing fast,
Magazine companies resort to a variety of methods to sell a product, impose an idea, or advertise a service. To achieve their goals, magazines use different techniques: bright and provocative headlines, and memorable pictures among others. It is essential to understand that wide sales and advertising is the ultimate goal of every magazine, and Cosmopolitan is no exception. The target audience of this magazine company is mainly girls from 18 to 30 years old. However, the magazine claims that not every reader can be considered a cosmo girl , as it the attitude that matters the most. In other words, the target audience of Cosmopolitan magazine is girls who are focused on success, beauty, and sexuality. They inspire readers that their happiness lies in proper skin care, diet, and relationships with various articles and advertisements. Cosmopolitan is dedicated primarily to the issues of beauty, health, success, and relationships. Their website is designed specifically to attract the target audience: it is bright and provocative. The color scheme, made mainly in pink, orange, and white, also hints at who the magazine’s audience is. This scheme attracts readers, making the process of reading articles easy and uncomplicated. Moreover, the brightness and extravagance of the website design initially indicate a more entertaining format of materials. On the website’s main page, there is a bright photo from the cover of the magazine, and below are the most relevant articles. All articles are divided into various topics: beauty, health, sports, relationships, career, and etcetera. Moreover, Cosmopolitan has a section with political news, which helps them attract more readers. To achieve his goals, the Cosmopolitan faithfully resorts to Aristotle’s Ethos, Pathos, and Logos concepts. The Ethos emphasizes the credibility of the information discussed in the magazine articles. In order to achieve this credibility and reliability, almost every article refers to a particular celebrity. Thus, in the article devoted to various hairstyles for a wedding, the credibility is confirmed not by experts in hairdressing. On the contrary, Cosmopolitan refers to multiple celebrities who once wore the same hairstyles. Thus, it is the celebrities who represent the trustworthiness of information and advice. Moreover, the vast majority of articles on the Cosmopolitan website have celebrity names in their headlines. The magazine earns the trust of its audience because fans unquestioningly believe the advice of their idols. Also, in articles that describe a particular celebrity’s tips on skin or hair care, advertising is successfully used. There is no evidence t