ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The author of the article discusses the situation when an individual who does not feel well decides to check up the symptoms online (on websites such as MedicineNet or WebMD). This usually ends up with an exaggerated self-diagnosis where a simple headache may become the premise for brain cancer. This kind of anxiety in terms of the individual’s health is called cyberchondria. The author of the article states how popular it became lately and how people now prefer to visit different health websites instead of visiting the doctor’s office. Britt Peterson focuses on the point that more than half of the American population are accustomed to using the Internet. This results in growing anxiety among Americans and negatively affects their treatment routines. Nonetheless, the author of the article questions the relevance of the concern. She believes that the information that is found on the Web should not be that convincing. One of the studies reviewed by Peterson identified the presence of an illogical propensity in the functioning processes inside the cyberchondriacs’ brains. According to the article author’s theory, these individuals are seriously impacted by the thought that the first symptoms are rather common (including fatigue, headache, and similar symptoms that can be self-diagnosed in almost every individual). This leads cyberchondriacs to the conclusion that they have other symptoms, too. The author of the article compares this predisposition to the outlooks of the majority of gamblers who believe that several instances of their luck signify a streak of lucky consequences and this tendency will continue further regardless of any given factors. In order to test the concept of cyberchondria, the researchers conducted an experiment. They invented an imaginary type of cancer and put together several lists of symptoms. They grouped them in accordance with their gravity (for instance, shortness of breath and weakness in one group and throat/ neck pain in the other). The third array of symptoms mixed all the previous symptoms together in a random order. When asked to check their symptoms, the individuals who were given the lists with low-gravity symptoms stated that they felt like they were more inclined to having cancer than those who were given the lists with mixed symptoms. The author of the article then discusses the findings of the experiment. She believes that the outcomes of this research project overtly demonstrate that human brain is keen on finding various patterns in an unconscious manner. Moreover, Peterson states that this tendency makes the individuals ignore the basic logic and they start visualizing the probabilities that have no connection with the real-world state of affairs. The author of the article claims that instead of applying logic, cyberchondriacs start
The definition of the film noir genre has been debated for a rather long time. Depicting the atmosphere of distrust, disappointment and cynicism characteristic for American society after the Great Depression and during the World War II, the majority of noir films share similar pessimistic mood and existentialist tone. “What makes film a film noir is a particular mood, tone or sensibility, a particular outlook on life” (Conard 17). As compared to the classical noir film The Maltese Falcon, The Departed has particular differences in the style of narration and visual effects, but can be regarded as a noir film considering its general mood of alienation and existential tone. The noir film genre can be defined as a mixture of German expressionism stylistic elements and American hard-boiled crime fiction style. “Noir is often characterized in terms of its bleakly existential tone, cynically pessimistic mood, stylistic elements inherited from German expressionism (low-key lighting, deep focus, subjective camera shots, canted angles) and stories and narrative patterns adapted from American hard-boiled fiction” (Conard 24). The dominating pessimistic mood of noir films is rooted in Nietzsche’s assertion that God is dead and the principle of loss of permanence in the world as the direct consequence of this assumption. Regarding the tone of The Maltese Falcon , the plot lines of searches for the Maltese statuette and several murders related to it can be regarded as existential. The outset is simple: the charming young woman comes to private detective agency and asks to find her sister. Later it turns out that it is only an excuse and she actually needs to track her ex-partner. He has left her and took away a statuette of the Maltese falcon. The plot isn’t just about who will get the falcon, but it is about who is smart enough to get it ( The Maltese Falcon ). Making his film The Departed a true story of violence of representatives of civil forces during the war on terror and the Irish and Italian immigrants who are alienated in a new country, Scorsese chooses the existential tone for his film. The first sentence of the film: “It puts hate into your heart” puts a setting for the rest of the plot, representing one of the key motifs of the picture, hatred between the representatives of various social and ethnic groups who kill each other, justifying their actions with certain circumstances and good reasons ( The Departed) . Along with the theme of investigation of murders, the films The Maltese Falcon and The Departed have common mood of pessimistic alienation of the main protagonist which is justified by the junction of events in their life, inducing them to lie, betray, commit crimes and disguise
Introduction Premier League players constitute a group of people who come from different backgrounds and belong to various ethical groups. One might say that wide diversity within the football industry can imply different consequences and carry potential problematic issues and challenges for the players who originate from minority groups in the UK. The paper has mentioned the research that revealed that around 25% of the players in the English Premier League come from ethical minority groups (Chu et al., 2014). Consequently, this league represents a highly diverse entity with individuals from differentiating backgrounds. Racism in the football industry is a widely spread phenomenon and can be expressed in numerous ways, including the level of respect, presence of biases, pay rates and other areas (Chu et al., 2014). It is crucial to research the topic of racism within the Premier League and analyse potential consequences. The focus of this report is to identify the physical and mental effects of racial discrimination on the Premier League players. The Mixed Method A mixture of interpretive and positivist approaches was chosen to conduct the following research. This work aims to provide a full picture of the real issue, and it is fundamental to understand the essence of the problem through the investigation of the players’ personal opinions and their experiences. Consequently, the research implies the active involvement of qualitative analysis techniques. At the same time, it is crucial to learn about the scope of the issue, which can be withdrawn with the help of quantitative data analysis. According to Brannen (2017), the use of a qualitative method can be characterised as analytic induction, while the primary association with quantitative techniques is enumerative induction. Those aspects emphasised the significance of both approaches because it will give a clearer understanding of racism and its impacts on the Premier League and will offer a statistical observation. It is essential to mention that the use of a mixed method offers various advantages for the research, where the integration of the interpretive approach lays out the foundation for the positivist tactic and vice versa. According to Hesse-Biber and Johnson (2015:xxxvi), “qualitative designs often serve to inform the context of their quantitative results by grounding them in lived experience.” Therefore, in the chosen research topic,
Abstract This research work focuses on self-esteem as well as self-concept of those women who have alcohol problems. This critical analysis has been centred from a client view-point. The outcomes of the research are linked to relevant person-centred practices as well as theories. Under this analysis, eight women who have been suffering from severe effects of alcohol are going to be interviewed on their self-concept and self-esteem. This can be done using appropriate interview techniques explored in the works of Hayes (Nicky 2000, p.114). These groups of women are perceived to have undergone the services of person-centred counselling. The data gathered are going to be analysed using appropriate theory and research methodology. The data gathered from the interview would be utilized in showing relationships that exist among the concepts of self esteem, self concepts, and the women’s own life experiences about alcohol consumption. Analysis of the data was carried out using grounded theory methodology, explored in Noreen’s literature (Lillie 2002, p.99). Introduction The paper I have chosen to critique is written by Noreen Lillie, who describes herself as a person-centred counsellor and carried out this research project during her work as a counsellor in a voluntary organisation “for women concerned about their own or someone else’s drinking…” (Lillie 2002, p.101). This essay discusses the research setting and sample, the selection of the setting and the data collection procedure to be used during the project. After which, the sample characteristic, the research instruments and measures and data analysis method is to be discussed. This is then followed by the conclusion. Discussion and Literature Review In her discussion of the topic, Lillie provides an overview of the subject and argues in her review of the literature there was an absence of research carried out regarding the difficulties associated with problem drinking, specifically related to women. One of the assertions in the literature was that women drinkers have lower self-esteem than their male counterparts and are: “Likely to have an inadequate or distorted self-concept” (Lillie 2002, p.99; Beckman, 1978). The Researcher provides the underpinning of her work by utilising Carl Rogers’ person-centred theory on self-concept as a result of distorted conditions of worth: “As self-esteem diminishes, the individual becomes acutely affected by the assimilated conditions of worth and divorced from his/her own organismic experience as a source of what is ‘real’. His/her self-concept is no longer congruent with that reality, but has become distorted”, (Lillie, 2002:99). Mcleod ascertained that under self-concept, the analysis is centred on the four elements self-esteem, self-ideal, self-perception, and social identities, which are necessary in sustaining the behaviour of the alcoholic women
This paper is a summary of an extended discussion comparing pedagogy and andragogy with respect to the role played by experience and the relationship between learners and teachers. From the discussion, we found out that the appropriateness of identified andragogy in classroom activities mainly relied on the knowledge, skills and ideas possessed by the learners (Keiichi, Yuki, & Hiroshi, 2007, p.75). In this case, we discussed the entry behavior of the learner as a factor to be considered when determining the method of teaching and learning. Finally, we realized that pedagogy model was suitable and applicable when teaching young children. On the other hand, andragogy model was preferred in teaching adults. In my opinion, there are other factors that need to be considered when determining the model to use during teaching. Such factors include the role of the teacher as well as readiness of the learner to be taught. In the discussion group, we identified numerous features which were used to compare the pedagogy and andragogy models of teaching. In this context, we tried to identify how each model can influence the role and relationship between a learner and a teacher. To begin with, for the pedagogy model, the learner is referred to as a student. Contrastingly, learners in the andragogy model are referred to as participants. In my opinion, learners participate by answering and asking questions in classroom. Additionally, in pedagogy, a teacher attends to learners individually since their level of knowledge and skills are limited (Keiichi, Yuki & Hiroshi, 2007, p.75). On the other hand, androgogy model does not facilitate close relationship between the two since the process is learner-centered. Therefore, learners are expected to find out information on their own without close supervision from teachers. Another comparison is on the learning style. For the pedagogy model, learners highly depend on the teacher and as a result, close relationship is fostered (Kaufman, 2011, p.63). Through the discussion, I observed that such learners lack self-directedness since they have not yet matured enough to know what suites them. Moreover, they lack problem-solving skills since the knowledge and skill possessed is very little. On the other hand, andralogy model is learner dependent (Keiichi, Yuki, & Hiroshi, 2007, p.75). In this case, the adults have lot of experience gained form learning resources. Besides this, the learners have competent skills in solving their own problem. It is vivid that in pedagogy model, the teacher or trainer acts as the primary resource. The latter provides learners with ideas and relevant examples. This implies that the absence of the teacher can inhibit learning process. For this reason, the teacher and learners’ relationship is very tight to ensure that learners get the best ideas, knowledge and skills.
It is common knowledge that vaccines are designed with the primary aim of lowering the risks for an individual to contract a particular disease. Naturally, this treatment for the COVID-19 infection is no exception. In other words, the vaccine helps to reduce the possibility of a person getting the virus or spreading it to someone else. Furthermore, numerous researches were conducted to ensure the safety of the cure for adults and even young children. The drastically growing numbers of deceased due to the COVID-19 have led to the decision to make the vaccination compulsory so that the repercussions of the illness could be minimized. That is why people who have already suffered from the disease must still get the treatment, as it cannot still reduce the risks of them contracting it again. In fact, it can reduce the impact of the COVID-19 side effects if they are infected further on. By and whole, the aforementioned aspects serve as significant benefits of the vaccination; however, the cure can still yield some drawbacks to an individual’s body. People with poor health may have a bad experience of the vaccination’s process as they may experience several side effects, such as dizziness, headache, and high temperature. Undoubtedly, such a controversy around the whole COVID-19 situation provoked numerous debates about the actual advantages of vaccination. Some believe that it has contrary effects to what many people think, meaning that it negatively impacts health. Others might find this situation not severe and, therefore, decide against the vaccination since they do not see it as something necessary. Overall, all the opinions have the right to exist, and the vaccination should not be done against the public’s will, considering that it violates their rights.
Introduction The issue of ethics has always been one of the central problems in the context of the US healthcare system organization. However, among the existing variety of cases, the notion of racial discrimination has undoubtedly become the most challenging and resonant. According to the researchers, despite decades of policies introduced to combat the issue, racial discrimination, and the disparity between the working conditions of White and Black employees still remain some of the most challenging aspects of HR management (Williams & Cooper, 2019). Thus, while the modern approach to HR management in healthcare is using various strategies in order to eliminate the problem, cases of racial discrimination are still more than common across the state healthcare system. In terms of the following presentation, a recent precedent considering racial discrimination in the workplace will be analyzed on the matter of ethical issues and means of case management. Brief News Case Presentation The news case tackled in the following presentation occurred in San Francisco, California, in 2020. According to the information provided by the news website, in October of 2020, eight Black female healthcare employees filed a suit against the local health department due to the issue of explicit racial discrimination (Egelko, 2020). As was mentioned in the suit, the reasons for filing a legal complaint were rather diverse, encompassing unlawful firing, payment cuts, and exposure to health hazards (Egelko, 2020). The suit itself has attracted the attention of the local Department of Human Resources which issued an official statement about discrimination in the workplace in San Francisco. According to the department, the tendency to undermine labor rights among the African American community has been a common practice in the area. Case Study Overview Considering the complaints mentioned in the suit, some of the major discrimination precedents may be outlined:   * Facing health danger. Cheryl Thornton, a healthcare department clerk, was sent to the sidewalks of San Francisco to screen the residents for COVID-19, but the personal protection equipment (PPE) was given for the patients only (Egelko, 2020). As a result, one of the patients sneezed on Cheryl, and she had to go home immediately. After filing an official complaint, Cheryl was transferred to another department with no option of overtime payment.   * Job opportunities loss. Another lawsuit plaintiff, Donna James, was not signed up for the training program that presupposed hiring and qualification improvement as a social worker nearly 20 times (Egelko, 2020). Jo-Theresa Elian-Jackson was discriminated against in professional growth and pay rise after the department administration made her go on a disability leave involuntarily (Egelko, 2020).   * Discrimination. Kim Lynch, a local drug abuse counselor, was not allowed to work remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak (Egelko, 2020). Issue Definition Having considered the situation above, it becomes evident th
Introduction Business is a very critical venture that should be carried out carefully with many considerations being put into place. It however becomes a challenge when the business has to be conducted internationally as opposed to within the nation. This is because there exist added responsibilities in managing the trade or business ventures in foreign countries although it is also advantageous as it expands the particular business’s opportunities, for instance, in terms of the market share. The engagement in international business requires some strategies that enhances success one of it being in some form of unions or trade blocs. This paper discusses Venezuela and its membership in MERCOSUR with much emphasis being given to the benefits and drawbacks that could be drawn from the membership by a particular business (Movie production business which is the business of choice) and the country as a whole. A Plan for the Business, To Be Implemented As Venezuela Becomes Part of MERCOSUR Mercosur is the leading trading bloc in the entire South America. It is a body that aims at making trade easy and affordable through the reduction of obstacles that may hinder the smooth running of the business activities within nations and most importantly across the borders. The obstacles could take various forms for instance high rates of tariffs, inequalities in terms of income distribution within a nation and also among the nations indulging in the business ventures and technological inadequacies that limit ease of movement of products and services from one place to the other among others. Mercosur is a trade bloc whose main purpose is to promote free trade among the member states and enhancing economic integration in the entire South American region. The member states include Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and Venezuela. The associate states on the other hand include Peru, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia (Klonsky and Hanson, 2009). Having a business in the entertainment industry in Venezuela, the movie production business, I am pleased by the fact that my country is a member associate of Mercosur as this increases the opportunities that enhance the growth and development of my business. This is because it will now be possible to get a large market of the produced movies in various countries especially the member countries with few or no restrictions. The aspect of Venezuela being a member of Mercosur means that the business will be able to engage in regional and international business ventures and although this is an advantage there are some considerations that need to be reflected on. They include identification of the economic, cultural, and political backgrounds of the nations with whom to partner with. The use of language is for example very important as apart from easing communication, it will a