ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is sad that many organisations fail to make strategies until an emergency strikes, which is met with much opposition. As a result, Chester settled on corporate-business-functional strategy that included three levels of management. To start with, corporate strategic level defines the market situation of the products. Much survey was done in order to come up with diversity of goods especially new good which were distributed to different geographical markets. Business strategic level sought to navigate the market situation in terms of competition. In fact, this strategy made changes that made the company to have more competitive benefits over the other products and in the market. Lastly, functional strategic level did support the activities carried out by corporate and business strategies. This strategic level employed the contributions of information systems, labour as well as production processes to fulfill the activities of business and corporate strategies (Thomas 1). Effectiveness of the strategy in achieving the company’s strategic and operational goals Initially, the goods met a lot of competition but Chester decided to maintain its traditional segment as it was providing the greatest amount of positive cash flow, until funds were available to expand market share within the industry. To penetrate into the market with all the products offered by Chester, the supply was monitored so as not to exceed demands while still offering a competitive price. The modern nature of Chester aimed to produce and sell goods that fulfilled customers demand on technology based products. With improved technology, the company through internet services such as emailing and social sites received orders online. This allowed the company to make more sales to customers online which excluded the middlemen hence minimizing costs. Strategy’s change expectations in the future to improve operations This strategy helped in determination of the long-term changes of the organisation under the corporate level. At this level, organisational planning, diversification and specialisation of the company occurred. “Chester developed policies aimed at becoming and maintaining the lowest cost distributor in the industry under strategies based on Cost-leadership” (Thomas 1). Since this company was venturing into market, it enjoyed advantage of selling unbranded products as a start. Differentiation is yet another strategy that reduced firm’s products susceptibility to cost forces impacted by competitors. The uniqueness to customers attracted their attention and willingness to pay extra to have the product that met their demands. Focus plan assure
To conclude about the specific features of the culture manifested in a particular situation, it is necessary to observe the interactions of the participants during their daily activities. The ethnographic study was conducted during the usual staff meeting in one of the Kmart department stores. During the meeting, much attention was paid to the particular features of communication between the meeting participants in order to understand the aspects of the environment, characteristics of individuals, their interactions, and the presented culture. The staff meeting was held at the department manager’s office. The meeting was scheduled as the regular and daily morning meeting conducted by a group supervisor for the store’s employees. The participants of the staff meeting were the group supervisor, a white male aged 35-40 years, the department manager, a white male aged 41-45 years, and four male employees among whom one was the Asian. The implementation of new instructions for the staff was discussed during the observed meeting. The meeting was not started on time because the department manager and supervisor came to the office later than the group of employees. The provided details are important to make inferences about the staff’s interactions and culture (Daniel, 2011, p. 54; Neuman, 2011, p. 442). While focusing on the culture expressed in the specific participants’ interactions, it is important to concentrate on such details as the use of the slang and argot while discussing the new instructions and daily routines. Thus, such linguistic, cultural artifacts as the printed instructions were written in formal English, but they were discussed using the argot. It is possible to conclude that the observed group builds the interactions and communication using the language determined by their working environment (Neuman, 2011, p. 424). Referring to the communication within the group, it is important to focus on the fact that although the four male employees were waiting for the supervisor and the department manager for fifteen minutes, they do not demonstrate discontent. Furthermore, the employees demonstrated respect for the supervisor and the department manager during the meeting while supporting the propositions and discussing the instructions openly in an enthusiastic tone (Martin, 2009, p. 112; Neuman, 2011, p. 446). The supervisor and the department managers take the leading positions in the group, but they position themselves as equal to the staff. The supervisor and the department managers were sitting in front of the group, the eye contact was supported by all the group members. The staff members were speaking only when the leaders were silent or asked questions. The loud voice was not used to accentuate the important aspects. That is why it is possible to conclude that there are no obvious conflicts within the group, the participants developed a supportive culture based on the desire to achieve the same goal and work in a positive environment. Discussing the culture manifested in the particular situation of the staff meeting, it is important to note that all the participants share the same wor
Market share is an essential element of modern business as its higher showings help to achieve a competitive advantage and create the basis for the companies’ growth. For this reason, multiple tools and strategies are used to grow the share and achieve success. As for the company operating in the cinema business in the UAE, it should also be focused on attempts to acquire better results. In this regard, some specific strategies can be recommended regarding the situation. However, there is a need for an in-depth analysis of the existing market conditions to create a sufficient plan. At the moment, the cinema industry in the UAE is on the rise. The high speed of economic development preconditions the appearance of the funds that can be invested in art and entertaining spheres. For this reason, the forecasts state that in the next several years, the sector will grow at a steady rate (Sadaqat, 2018). Moreover, the increase in the population of the country, their income, and well-being establish the conditions beneficial for the rise of this industry. At the moment, the target audience is diverse and characterized by multiple demands for the content and quality of products (Sadaqat, 2018). That is why companies operating in the cinema industry can enjoy the growing demand for services offered by them. Additionally, global corporations are also interested in the region as its position at the international level becomes stronger, and more and more firms are ready to work there (Bedirian, 2019). The given boom in the cinema industry can be used by companies operating in the industry to generate additional income and create the basis for the further rise. Regarding the given background, the following plan of actions to grow the market share can be offered:   * Increase engagement and cooperation with customers   * Generate a competitive advantage by meeting current clients’ needs   * Create a unique and innovative brand position   * Consider the demands of the audience that are disregarded by other companies   * Evaluate the outcomes and introduce changes if needed (Kotler & Armstrong, 2017) The offered plan of action and the peculiarities of the cinema market in the UAE precondition the employment of specific strategies that can help to achieve success. First of all, the competitive advantage can be generated by innovating the work of the company and using such elements as IMAX or 3D to attract new clients as these technologies are popular in the UAE (Bedirian, 2019). Moreover, it will guarantee that individuals will use only the firms’ services (Kotler & Armstrong, 2017). Another strategy presupposes the evaluation of the clients’ needs as it is the key to the acquisition of their loyalty. Moreover, by assessing the needs of niche audiences, the firm will be able to broaden its target audience and increase market share, which is one of its primary goals at the moment. Altogether, the cinema industry in the UAE experiences a high speed of its growth at the moment. For this reason, multiple firms are trying to benefit from this tendency and increase their market share. The plan
Introduction According to multiple reports on global corporate management, more than 50% of employees often notice unethical business practices in their organizations (Palesciuc, 2016). Often, these employees do not report such cases because they believe it is difficult to eliminate unethical business practices, or top-level managers would not do anything to address them (Palesciuc, 2016). This is an interesting choice of action from employees because research has shown that the prevalence of unethical business practices comes with stupendous costs for organizations (Carvalho, 2011). In fact, it is not surprising that, in 2011, Palesciuc (2016) reported that most businesses often incur more than $1.22 trillion, annually, in costs arising from unethical business practices. Palesciuc (2016) also adds that the prevalence of unethical business practices has caused more than ten cases of history’s most notable corporate bankruptcies. The bankruptcies of Enron Corporation and Lehman Brothers are testament to this fact (Palesciuc, 2016). Most of these scandals arise from the failure of companies to measure or benchmark their ethical performance. A 2011 survey revealed that while 90% of companies globally have some form of ethical standard to guide their corporate activities, only less than 8% of them have a mechanism to measure their ethical performance (Minty, 2012). A 2012 report developed after surveying European banks and insurance companies also supported the same findings because they showed that 60% of companies in these sectors lacked the key performance indicators (KPI) for measuring their ethical performance (Minty, 2012). The report also showed that the few companies that had these KPIs used them only for internal purposes (Minty, 2012). The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has its fair share of poor ethical management practices arising from the lack of reliable criteria for measuring ethical performance. According to Carvalho (2011), many UAE organizations do not have the proper institutional support to measure their ethical performance and those of their workers. In line with this concern, he says, “While there is an even chance that the companies may have written codes of ethics, few offer formal training programs. Most respondents indicated the absence of institutional support resources such as advisory centers or telephone hotlines in the management of ethical conduct” (Carvalho, 2011, p. 11). Relative to the above statement, researchers have also shown that many organizations, which have high standards of ethical performance, benefit from high standards of employee morale (BCS, 2015). Such assertions have forced many managers to believe that high standards of ethical practice in an organization could create several benefits for an organization (BCS, 2015). In this regard, the UAE organizations that maintain high ethical standards do not only stand to benefit from an improved company reputation, but also improved employee performance because of high employee morale. Nonetheless, many organizations in the UAE do not enjoy these benefits because they have failed in meas
Digitization of information combined with increasing growth of electronic networks has created new opportunities in the media industry (Adams, 2013). Converged media is now a fundamental facet of life for a majority of citizens. With technological improvements in electronic devices and operations such as televisions, computers, tablets, mobile phones, and the internet, the audience has been treated with a better selection of media. This article focuses on legal, economic, and behavioural impacts of converged media. Some few decades ago, it was very expensive to set up a media firm. This situation was attributed to expensive media products, technology, and software. Compared to the past, the cost of setting up a media firm has significantly dropped. Converged media has reduced the cost of media products and software (Cianci, 2009). In international media houses, several news crews are required in every medium such as radio, television, and newspapers. As a substitute of having a number of these crews, converged media operation makes use of a few individuals to come up with news for several mediums (Jaokar & Jacobs, 2009). Through this, media houses can cut back on their operation cost and increase their revenues. Equally, through converged media the consumers benefit in a number of ways. Convergence has improved the quality of information delivered to the end user. Consequently, satisfaction of the consumers has been enhanced leading to a bigger audience (Evans, 2011). With respect to the behavioural impacts, converged media has enhanced audience participation. Unlike in the past, the individuals can interact with media crews using phones or the internet (Grant & Wilkinson, 2009). This has revolutionized the way the audience feels about the media. Equally, converged media has enable users to download and share music files. Similarly, the users can share their experiences, photos, and network with others. Through this, they have become part of the media produce. Despite the celebrated success of this development, it should be noted that it has resulted in numerous challenges. Currently, audiences are presented with too much information that they rarely have enough time to access them (Girard, 2011). Equally, the technology that supports the converged media changes rapidly. This implies that people have to adopt the emerging technologies more often. Individuals who do not adopt these changes, such as the old and illiterate people, will be disadvantaged. For media regulators, convergence has resulted in numerous challenges. Media regulators have to redesign their regulatory structures to control this emerging sector (Booth, 2010). If they fail to do so, they risk being obsolete. In many countries, media regulators are yet to come up with a means of regulating converged media. In these countries, converged media has not been appropriately regulated because the sector is still at its infancy stage. For instance, in the US the sector has raised numerous heated debates (Spigel & Olsson,
Introduction Studies show that each phase in the product design process can be made efficient depending on the effectiveness of the tools used in the decision making process. Among the decision making tools that are used include brainstorming, generating alternatives-morphological analysis, and the evaluation matrix. The tools have different areas of application and effectiveness decision making. The tools are crucial in optimizing available solutions to design a good quality product when seeking for possible solutions. This study aims to establish the strengths and weaknesses of each of the tools that are applied in decision making at the product design phases and the areas they have been applied to provide solutions to design problems. Brainstorming According to Bronson and Merryman (2010), the effectiveness of brainstorming depends on ideas generated by individuals working in groups to create a design that balances the goals of the user at the problem definition and possible solution to determine the best possible solution phases in the design process. Hunton and Gold (2010), brainstorming involves different product design ideas that are put together in group thinking sessions to evaluate the alternatives and generate high quality product design solutions. However, the limitations of brainstorming, according to Carpenter (2007) are that it is time consuming, hinders other group members from making positive contributions that might hinder the use of better quality product design ideas. Weaknesses in the brainstorming process can be detected by determining if other group members do not understand the design problems and suggested solutions, do not make contributions, relate with others poorly, and tend to be segregated among their social status (Kinicki & Williams 2010). In practice, General Electric CEO Jack Welch used brainstorming sessions in decision making with employees, but brainstorming did not prove to be an effective tool for decision making because of its weaknesses and the results were not as effective (Hunton & Gold 2010). IDEO is one of the practical a product development companies that use brainstorming to increase the productivity of employees and the quality of products (Kinicki, A & Williams 2010). Generating alternatives-morphological analysis Generating alternatives-morphological analysis is a decision making process for generating ideas within the design process, which depends on the structure of already existing words (Bayazit 2003). The arrangement of words or allomorphs is used to determine the arrangement of rules for generating alternative outcomes in the morphological analysis process and the strength of the decision making process relies on the sequence and arrangement of the related elements (Hornecker 2010). To address the challenges in decision making, the designer has to “break
Abstract Certified statistics are considered to be the critical source of information and knowledge about crimes and the criminal justice system but little information is served regarding the institutions that provide the statistics. Kevin Haggerty threw some light on the process that is involved in the collecting and collating data on crime activities. This was done was examining the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS), which is the statistical branch of Canada that is responsible for the production of data on the Criminal Justice System. The book Making Crime Count provides an in-depth analysis on how data on illegal activities have facilitated the characteristic advance to the management of justice in the country. It is taking the form of actuarial justice where crime is considered to be a statistical probability and not a moral failing. Similarly, statistics make the criminal justice to be amenable, particularly to the criminal justice that is served with the purpose of managing the justice system itself. By utilizing the modern sociological work as a toll frame, Haggerty examined various ways by which CCJS produces its statistics. Emphasis is placed on the scientific factors and the complex networks that are aligned to the assorted elements and institutions through negotiations between the police, employees and the CCJS in order to obtain a comprehensive crime report survey. Haggerty concluded that there is a need to study governance to comprehend the politics and the process of knowledge production of the crime data. Introduction Some time back, the CCJS began a process of data collection whereby information was collected regarding the state of a criminal as at the time of committing the crime: it was to be recorded whether or not the victim was under the influence of any drugs. Although the collection of this data was not collected for long, there was enough confidence that the consumption of drugs or alcohol was a factor in crime and that the data was instrumental in the understanding of crime and in the formulation of a constructive public policy. The collection of this data was stopped following strong opposition form the department of police, which expressed two main reservations namely: that the officers could not believe or reliably ascertain the consumption and also the police could not wish to provide the accused with a potential clue for legal defense emanating from the crime. The overriding theme in the Haggerty’s book was “truth as a major social accomplishment” and it specifically captured what was believed concerning crime in Canada. Haggerty captured all the social influences that shaped crime statistics and how they could be utilized in formulation of public policy,
Idealism refers to the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality. It involves the elevated quality of believing that ideas should be pursued and thinking of things in their ideal form rather than the way they are (Rockmore 30). I disagree with the philosophy of idealism for a number of reasons. First, I believe that it is very important to accept facts about life. The reason for this is that it helps one to live consciously, knowing the importance of values such as honesty, reliability, and trust, among others (Rockmore 41). In addition, accepting the fact that everyone will die at some point plays a crucial role in making life more meaningful and purposeful. Second, I disagree with this philosophy because there is a need to favor practicality when it comes to doing certain things in life. One of the factors that make some people more successful than others is their ability to assess the practicality of something before trying it out or investing resources in it (Rockmore 80). This means that being realistic with certain aspects of life or facts about the plausibility of something helps in reducing pain, losses, and dented self-confidence. Third, I disagree with this philosophy because a culture of high-mindedness can easily lead someone into believing that other people are always wrong. This can have drastic negative effects on an individual inclined to this philosophy because they have a high chance of missing the most crucial aspects of a fulfilling life (Rockmore 81). It is possible to make the world a better place. The reason for this is that God has blessed human beings with the essential resources, which play a crucial role in promoting development. For example, people can make the world a better place by choosing to trust and support each other. Second, the world can become a better place if people make it their own responsibility to use the available resources in a sustainable manner. Third, the world can become better if people love each other more by taking the problems of others as their own. Although I disagree with the philosophy of idealism, it is a fact that it managed to create a better world following the events of World War I. For example, the development of the telegraph technology was because of an individual who had an idea, believed in it, and chose to pursue it. The results of that belief were very good and continue to make life better in the 21 st Century (Rockmore 100). Second, the thought about the threatened status quo among the European powers help to bring unity across Europe, which played a crucial role in promoting sustainable development. Third, the ideas of stopping the spread of nationalism and liberalism across Europe helped to bore