ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There are many attitudes to pharmacological treatment that can be offered to patients. Some people believe that only drugs can help to improve health, and some groups of people think that other approaches can also be effective. Many factors may influence drug efficacy, including social, physiological, and psychological ones. The article under analysis aims at gaining a profound understanding of people’s perceptions of substance use, identifying possible risks of drugs, and clarifying the most effective interventions with the help of which positive outcomes can be achieved. Main body The citizens of the United Arab Emirates are chosen as the main population of the study. Its sampling is improved and includes 13-18-year-old residents of Abu Dhabi. The authors of the article develop a qualitative study that is based on a focus group approach where subtle factors, gender roles, and religious issues may be taken into consideration (Alhyas et al., 2015). The participants are divided into six groups. The goal of this method is to investigate the level of adolescents’ awareness of drug use and perceptions that young people may develop about the worth of drugs in their treatment. To support this study and its research method, the authors use statistical data taken from credible sources and discuss the protective factors and merits of drugs among young people (Frisher, Crome, Macleod, Bloor, & Hickman, 2007). A brief literature review is given in the introductory part to support a thesis and prove the urgency of the topic. As soon as the method is described, the authors explain how they analyzed data and created the criteria for further evaluation. Three main themes are introduced. They cover the awareness of drug use and associated harm, gender roles, and factors that may affect drug efficacy (Alhyas et al., 2015). Psychological factors that may change the way of how drugs are treated and used are based on family relationships (the example that parents offer to their children), peer relationships (the information adolescents like to exchange), access to drugs (sometimes, people cannot find or buy the required drug and have to find other ways to achieve this goal), and religious aspects (in the UAE, people respect their religious beliefs). For some people, the use of drugs is an ordinary thing that should not be discussed or challenged. However, it is wrong to neglect the presence of certain social and psychological factors. Risks and unexpected outcomes may occur, and people should be ready
The field of International Relation (IR) theory has been dominated by great discourse surrounding neoliberal institutionalism and neorealism. There has been great contention in the ‘neo-neo’ debate especially among most theorists dealing with International Relations. Although some differences have been noted between the two schools of thought, there are those who argue that they are typically the same. One of the outstanding features of neoliberal institutionalism is that it went through theoretical minimalism for some considerable length of time. In other words, it was the subject of major research activity during the 1980s. Although neorealism was also debated and researched at length during the same period of time, the intensity and approach was completely different. The state has been noted as the key player in both neoliberal and neorealist institutions. In addition, such states are shaped by various forms of disorders. One of the problems associated with both theories is that they only focus on unique perspectives and values which the scholars opted to discuss. In addition, the myriads of social transformations and events that shaped the world politics are largely ignored when rationalism is brought on board. Hence, there is great assumption that preferences are fixed. This kind of approach has indeed hindered researchers from evaluating and comprehending how belief systems have evolved with the passage of time. On the other hand, theorists who deal with reflections often seek to understand the changes that have taken place within the political arena. The latter changes are usually observed in terms of preset ideologies or post hoc observations. Such inherent differences between neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism have indeed brought a lot of controversy and debate among International Relations scholars. There are also several assumptions that are usually associated with the two theories. For instance, the behavioral patterns of the state are well explained through the state centric approach. As a matter of fact, the latter is assumed to be a major advantage of these theories. There is a well known rational choice model through which states act. In addition, international anarchy has been brought into common understanding and therefore, all the theories that have been put forward by the two models tend to offer much insight how international institutions are organized especially in regards to their strengths and weaknesses. Lack of overarching power that rules a state in addition to the state of lawlessness is yet another defining feature of international relations as expounded by the two theories.
To what extent can Tesco’s supply chain practices be said to follow lean (i.e. just in time) principles? (Consider JIT as a philosophy, a planning and control system, and an inventory system.) JIT as a philosophy In this case, JIT is seen in three main domains: the elimination of waste, the adoption of continuous improvement strategies, and the involvement of all personnel in the business operations of a company. In a move to adopt continuous improvement strategies, the company has continued to develop its ‘step change’ program. Some of the initiatives of the program include the use of replaceable shelves so as to reduce the time spent by staff in arranging shelves; self-service checkouts; the use of handheld scanners in all stores and the establishment of a dedicated clothing distribution center. The company’s adoption of the RDIF technology also illustrates its initiative to factor in new improvements in its operations. The system proves to be much better than the traditional bar codes since the new technology enables the transmission of product codes to scanners without the need for human intervention and specific items can be tracked throughout the supply chain. Furthermore, the technology promotes efficient processing of goods, a relatively higher rate of employee efficiency through enhanced product availability, lower costs as well as reduced theft cases. Waste elimination is achieved by the use of an e-procurement program. The Tesco Information Exchange program (TIE), which is the basis for its “full fresh” program, ensures that perishable goods such as foods are delivered twice a day to reduce wastage and to ensure that the products are fresh. JIT as a planning and control system Planning and control involve the reconciliation of supply and demand for goods by customers. In other words, it refers to the day-to-day activities that run the operations of a business. An example of how Tesco uses the JIT as a planning and control tool is in its move to Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR). This mainly involves an analysis of customer demand patterns whereby business partners share forecasts and trend changes in the market over the Internet. This is usually aimed at reducing inventory costs and improving the availability of products to customers. Tesco obtains Point of Sale (POS) data from each of its individual stores. This data is used to study and analyze consumer behavior, manage the stocks at different stores, and for sales projection purposes. Moreover, its e-procurement program, TIE, links all stores to their suppliers hence facilitating faster transactions in the supply chain. JIT as an inventory system Tesco’s Continuous Replenishment (CR) system best illustrates its use of JIT as an inventory system. Orders are obtained from the sales counters at different stores and sent to the head offi
Introduction Annie Hall is a comedy that was directed by Woody Allen in the year 1977. The ninety three minutes film is done in English with the settings in Los Angeles, California and New York. The main characters in the Film are Woody Allen who plays the role of Alvy Singer and Diane Keaton who plays the role of Annie. They play begins with the actor Alvy speaking directly to the camera as he makes a joke which conveys his negative opinion concerning life. He later starts to speak seriously about his relationship with Annie. In the film, Alvin and Annie are romantically involved in an affair which full of humorous events. The on set of their relationship is marked by incidents of sexual intimacy. This is what makes their relationship problematic later on in the film and eventually leads to their separation (Shumway 159). The events of this affair since its on set, when they fall in love, the disagreements while in love and eventually the disintegration of the relationship are captured in the film. There are both happy and tragic incidents in this love affair. In this interesting film, the character Alvy uses different styles like speaking to the camera directly as he speaks his thoughts aloud, at times he also interrupts people’s conversations as he tries to get their opinion on the ingredients of a happy marriage. Annie Hall: A typical romantic comedy Romantic comedies are the most common type of comedies. In this comedy, there are typically two lovers who are separated from each other yet they seem to be a perfect match for but end up coming back together after facing hard times away from each other (Simpson 1). This film can be categorized as a romantic comedy although it slightly deviates from the typical structure of a romantic comedy. Comedies mostly deal with common people and their problems in everyday life and the probable solutions to these problems. For example, Annie is an uneducated young girl involved in a relationship with Alvy, who is a musician and more educated than her. There are also numerous other problems in their relationship that come up as the film unfolds. The content of the plot of a romantic comedy is mostly love and problems related with love affairs. Separations from one’s lover, problems in winning a lover due to class differences or re union with a past lover are some of the possible love-related problems. In the film Annie Hall, such problems exist. Alvy has had two wives whom he has divorced and eventually gets into a relationship with Annie. This relationship also does not last for long as they end up breaking up after a quarrel after being in the relationship for just one year. In a typical romantic comedy, the ending is usually a happy one because the lovers are mostly re united after a period of s
Technology has helped the availability of Music much easier than earlier and it is much of accessible with the mode of downloadable option of music. At present, there are iTunes, Napster and online websites. These technologies made it possible to gain access to almost any musical piece one intends. However, in recent time there is a basic question whether or not one should pay for this online music. On a personal ground, it can be stated that one should not pay for online music. With the start of the IT sector and internet, the basic structures of the social and economic context began to change. Suddenly computers were not only a way to manipulate information, but also a way to communicate information. This led to a dramatic rise in the public and political awareness of the importance of information policy issues such as intellectual property, privacy, and security. A unique union of forces certainly came together in the 1990s: rapid technological advances in the information technology sector; widespread recognition that computers could be used to communicate information as well as process it; the rapid spread of a simple, inexpensive, and powerful wide-area computer network based on non-proprietary standards; and financial institutions ready to fund investment in advanced technology. These forces led to very rapid growth of the Internet. As firms and consumers flocked to the Internet in large numbers, it became evident that information policy issues, including intellectual property, security, and privacy, required serious attention. This alone is applicable to prove the public impact of internet on the population. Downloadable music soon came into the perspective with the initiation of Internet Underground Music Archive. This was a free site but this was followed by online music stores like Mindawn, Amie Street, Magnatune, Bleep.com, iTunes Store, Rhapsody or Listen.com, Beatport, Cductive, eMusic, Sony’s MP3 Newswire, MP3.com, The Store and Napster soon came into existence and with a price tag. Thus, the question arises whether one should pay for downloading music from these stores (Suri, 2007). McLeod clarifies this concept from a particular perspective. He indicates, “ You share some things, but you also support others by purchasing their creative work. People will only stop supporting musicians and other artists when the concept of community breaks down, not because of the introduction of a new technology ”. (McLeod, 2005) In a way, file sharing is actually challenging the mainstream monopoly of the music industry. Online music without paying help promotes the music of artist and there are examples to show that the free online music like Napster even help boost the music industry. However, it can be stated that there is a specific advantage of the online stores. As these stores are more easily acce
Introduction Background Information Social media are the websites used for the generation and sharing of digital content on platforms for social networking (Anderson, et. al., 2014). Social media can also be defined as channels that are used for online communications hence are utilized by a large number of people for collaboration, sharing of content, interactions, and the collection of inputs that are community-based. The need for convenience in communication and the sharing of information has led to the rapid technological advancement in the communication sector, hence, a number of other social media platforms are being created to satisfy the rising demand for digital tools of communication. Social media is designed based on the user interface and the intended function. For instance, some web applications are designed for the quick sharing of content on a real-time basis, while other platforms take some time before the message reaches the intended recipient. Statement of the Problem Facebook is a platform where people can share their feelings and sentiments, with some content regulations. However, some of the posts and comments by the users attract different views from the readers of different genders – some view the comments as not appropriate, while others find the contents suitable for public consumption (Dhir, et. al., 2016). The extent to which the readers disapprove or approve of the comments based on their gender has not been statistically established. Therefore, this research establishes the relationship between gender and decision-making. Aim of the Study The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between gender and decision making. Objectives of the Study   * The main objectives of this study include;   * To establish the level of significance to which different genders approve one’s posts on Facebook.   * To establish the level of significance to which different genders disapprove of one’s posts on Faceb
Company Background Samsung Electronics is a South Korean multinational corporation that was established by Byung-Chull Lee in the late 1930s as a grocery store for trade export business. By 1948, the company expanded to milling and confectionery industries before it became a co-operation in 1951. In 1958, Lee founded the Samsung Foundation of Culture to promote and propagate Korean traditional art. Between the mid-1950s and late 1970s, Samsung extended its business to insurance, mass communication, oceanic equipment, and chemical industries. In 1969, the famous Samsung Electronics came into establishment. Later, in the late 1980s, Kun-Hee Lee (the son of Byung-Chull Lee) inherited the business from his father. He became the head of Samsung Electronics. Since his takeover, the business underwent a significant revolution in the world of electronics. The company grew to establish various affiliate companies and universities to nurture students’ talents. During the 1990s, Samsung Electronics focused on the establishment of electronics companies in various international localities such as the United States, Germany, China, Spain, Britain, and Mexico, among other global nations. The establishment of electronics factories led to significant globalisation of the business. With the global advancement in technology, the company featured in both local and international markets with high-tech consumer electronics. Indeed, in 1993, Samsung presented the lightest and classy mobile phone of its time (Samsung Electronics Annual Report 2013). Today, the Samsung Group is the largest company in South Korea and the second-largest consumer electronics corporation internationally. Samsung Electronics’ commodities range from semiconductor chips and LCD panels to television and mobile phone technology. Many companies in the Southern Korean region depend on Samsung Group for electronics, components, and materials (Samsung Electronics Annual Report 2013). This dependency has enabled the company to gain enormous control over the electronics industry to the extent of leading to the closure of some smaller-sized electronics stores due to the agonising competition. The Effect of Globalisation on Growth and Performance Zhou, Wu, and Barnes (2012) reveal that globalisation significantly influences the growth and performance of an organisation. Correspondingly, globalisation is a crucial factor that has shaped the business landscape of Samsung Electronics. South Korea houses various giant companies that generate pioneering technology. Samsung Electronics is such a giant electronics
The comparison of my trip experience and the book information I have my goal to discuss what I have learned during my trip experience to Tilden Park in the Bay Area and compare my experience with the information from the book Moving Outdoors: Parks for the People . In The Country in the City by Richard Walker in the following paper. First of all, I should say that when I only arrived at the park, I remembered all the fascinating descriptions of the Bay Area and the Tilden Park in particular revealed by Richard Walker. A flow of thoughts came to my mind as I saw the professor’s description of the beauty of this place in reality. I also thought about numerous efforts made by wealthy people, politicians, and Indians to preserve the nature of the reservation. They had to protect this area from the growth of cities to achieve this result. There is no doubt, and I completely agree with the professor that the Bay Area is one of the best places on Earth and this great status is achieved using the endless efforts of thousands of people. I was deeply impressed with everything I saw there and the wildlife in particular. A mixture of native and imported plants was not preserved but also enriched with other exotic greenery. Today, it includes eucalyptus forests, oak woodlands, and grasslands. I loved the shade of Eucalyptus and Redwood groves and remembered how the professor explained in his book that preserving the trees was a great task that required a lot of hard work (Walker 74). While reading the book, I felt the special atmosphere of the place and created a unique image of the park in my mind. When I saw the San Francisco Bay Area on my own, I was not disappointed, quite the contrary, all those memories helped me to enlarge my appreciativeness. As I approached the Indian Camp Gate, I thought about the Indian’s contribution to the preservation of the Bay Area environment described by the Professor who stated that Indians were special people who had special “relations” with nature. I got added evidence that it was true. I agreed with professor Walker when he explains how important the role of Indians was in the history of the Bay Area (95). I also think that his idea to preserve Indian reservations as a means to save the environment is very effective. I also visited historic Little Farm and saw its animals, cows, pigs, sheep, goats, rabbits, and chickens. I found out that some historical breeds were still reared here, for example, Milking Shorthorn Cattle. What a great feeling a person experiences when he/she sees such a place after being in the modern developed city. The contrast is immense and it reminded me of what Richard Walker told about the farmers’ significant role in preserving the nature of this area (37, 112). In Tilden Park, everything is done for people to enjoy their lives outside the city, in the wilderness, and I agree with Walker that the result has been achieved only because people were motivated to do so for themselves. As I was walking through the park, I saw the trails to be well marked, joggers and bicyclists to enjoy their time, children playing near th
The United Arab Emirates comprises of a diverse and multi-cultural society. The society culture rotates around Islam religion, Bedouin culture, and the Arabs tradition. Due to the fact that society is a cosmopolitan, it enjoys a diverse and vibrant culture. Architecture in UAE was basically a vernacular form of style. Vernacular architecture is a type of architecture where the locally available resources and traditional ideas are used to carry out their construction. The traditional architecture in the UAE is a resultant of two factors: the climate of UAE, which is hot and humid, and the people of UAE culture and aspects of their lives. Traditionally, the architects in this region aimed at sustaining the climate in the region as the first element of consideration. Achievement of this was done by building wind towers, also known as brazils. Building houses using these barajils meant that the houses were well-conditioned, and the heat was kept out of the house. The wind towers were four open-sided structures that were hollow and Y-shaped. The Y- shaped sides were concave in nature so as to deflect the wind downwards to cool the rooms. There was also water which was poured beneath the tower, and this water acted as a coolant to the house when it evaporated. When the rooms need not be cooled, the vents in this structure were closed (Westermann, 1996). However, these structures are not used today as technology has offered a better solution to ventilation. Though the solution offered by technology is a fulfilling one, some people still use the design for beautification purposes. A second element that was brought about by hot climate to the construction is building the buildings close to each other. In between the house were alleys, also called Arabic tikkas. During the day, the walls offered the shape of these alleys. In addition, notable are the benefits these alleys offered to the people. The narrow alleys allowed wind from the north to blow in the houses and cause cooling, and they also eased transportation between the buildings. Effects on the people and Islam religion for the other party also affected the vernacular architecture practiced in UAE. The two affected the elements of architecture in such a way that the rooms were made to face the courtyard. The privacy that is highlighted by the religion and the social lives of these people also made the houses to be built with small windows and ventilation holes high in the wall. The fact that the entrance was made to be zigzag in nature and the main gate being constructed as a solid ensured that people would not stare to the inside of the house. Islamic culture has also influence on how some of the buildings and structures are constructed in Islamic culture (Woon