ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Importance of stages in learning the first and second languages According to Xing (110), “Language acquisition is a process through which language is perceived and attained for use in communication”. When one has acquired a language, the individual can use that language to make words. Several mechanisms take place when a person is learning a language (Igram 30). This accounts for the complexity of the learning process. Researchers have often disagreed on the value of stages especially in the acquisition of a second language. The question that this essay will be seeking to answer is: Must the learners of a first and second language go through all the stages of language acquisition? This paper examines the importance of stages in language acquisition. These stages are important because they signify progress in the learning process and help the learner to have orderliness in mastering various rules in the language. When certain stages are missed, the learner may never be able to master certain things in a language (Bylund, Nyclas and Hyltenstam, 44). It is therefore very important to study these stages. Every stage of language acquisition is important for acquiring the first and second languages. Importance of stages in language acquisition Children pass through many stages before they master their native language. Each of these stages forms the foundation on which the next stage will rest. Each stage is therefore very critical because the success of the child at any one stage depends on the success made in the previous stages. Learning the first language through stages is the only successful way to mastering the language. Ingram (53) argues that, “acquisition of the first language has a critical period”. This can be understood as an important stage in which the baby needs exposure to language for normal acquisition of language to take place. If this stage is by passed, the baby may never acquire the language in a normal way because it is one of the many stages involved in learning a language (Xing, Dedrick, Troy and Kofi, 113). The initial stage is cooing. Every baby sounds like the other in this stage regardless of their native language or place of residence. Passing through this stage gives the baby a chance to practice using the voice box before beginning to learn any language. According to Ingram (116), this stage forms the foundation for speech. Whenever the second stage sets in, the coos begin to take up the vowels present in the native language of the baby. The babies start sounding differently from each other and the journey to speaking their native languages begins. This is an important stage because it determines the point at which the baby picks up a particular native language. In the third stage the babies start producing full words. They can make utterances using one word made of nouns. The babies move on to sentences with two words made up of a combination
Introduction Interpersonal communication has several meaning according to its application ranging from personality traits, interactional tools, and the mind orientation. To date, there has never been a universally accepted definition what it is thus challenging for one to define his/her meaning. However, through the life process one acquires a unique collection of experiences and ideas defining who or what they are, and in my opinion, this is a suitable definition of cultural origin and practice. Interpersonal communication trends entail those patterns that revolutionize and changes over time, which can be within days, months or years. Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly establish the effects of interpersonal communication patterns, perceptions, verbal codes, nonverbal codes, social episodes, and roles on personal communication in the film The Gods Must Be Crazy by Jamie Uys in 1980. Interpersonal communication forms In the film The Gods Must Be Crazy, the director presents an interesting cultural interaction between the native San tribe living in the Kalahari Desert and the western culture. The plot of the film focuses on the San relatives headed by Xi who are ignorant of modern life outside the Kalahari Desert. Along the story, there is a blossoming love between a scientist and a teacher, poachers, and nature reflection. The San tribe has everything they need and the gods are fair to them until the Coca-Cola bottle threatens this unity (Uys, scene 18, 1980). The journey to return the Coca-Cola bottle ends up with a long search for two sons who boarded a water track belonging to poachers. Xi displays his survival skills to the modernized parties and the film ends with a happy reunion between father and his two sons. The cultural patterns in the San tribe directly affect their communication. Being a relatively primitive society, they seem to worship the sky and believe that the jet lanes in the sky are roads made by the gods who were very kind to drop for them a Coca-Cola bottle. Being a patriarchal hierarchy, the male is the head of the family cluster and makes the crucial decisions. For instance, Xi had to make the final decision to return the bottle since it was bringing a ‘curse’ to his household (Uys, scene 12, 1980). Being a communal living culture, the children are expected to play together and have to bow their heads when speaking to the adults. In fact, the communication of visual information and ideas for the last four centuries has been the function that has enabled science to advance, has it has helped people to see how things work. The members of this culture have different sounds for different occasions. For instance, hunting which is a preserve for the males is organized and executed in a unique communication signs. Whenever the hunting is successful, the young adult children would be the first to make it into the village and the adults would share the catch to all the households. The male adults h
Tuition Increases and Financial Aid Before 2007, the U.S. experienced an economic downturn that led to huge budget cuts across higher institutions of learning in various states, including California. As a result, these institutions were forced to take drastic measures, including a hike in tuition to almost twofold the usual tuition fee. In the same way, a similar occurrence is likely to result in dire consequences for students, their families, and the college at large. Consequences to Students Students will be forced to take on more debt to support their ongoing studies (Mitchell, Palacios, and Leachman par. 21). Unfortunately, students that have not yet enrolled in college programs will be reluctant to attend college resulting in few enrollment rates within the state of California. Faculty and Administrators As a rule of thumb, it will be difficult for the college to maintain the high salaries and annual increments for the faculty administrators. Hence, the administrators will experience a cut in their income due to a review of their salaries in alignment with the college’s revenue. Alternatives to Increasing Tuition Fee Cost-cutting The college needs to align its expenditure with the estimated revenue for the upcoming fiscal year. Seeking Help from Philanthropists Despite the issues that the state might be facing in terms of low revenue to support its citizens, there might be individuals or corporations that have superfluous income/revenue and would not mind sharing it with others. Therefore, I would recommend that the college identifies potential philanthropists and presents a proposal to justify the need for money. Alumni Support Alumni students can be called upon to aid in supporting the college through small contributions when added together to generate revenue for the college (White 20). Distribution of Aid Both merit and need-based approaches will be used to help in distributing financial aid. Students with exemplary performance, but without the financial capacity will be g
Executive Summary Tourism is a phenomenon which was extensively developed during the 20 th century when people became able to afford a vacation once a year. This paper thoroughly examines all the positive and negative consequences of the development of tourism. First off, it concludes that tourism can improve the economy. Tourism, in the first, place creates jobs, and reduces unemployment. It also generates huge amounts of revenue that the government can collect through taxes. In addition, all the other branches of the economy can be developed as consequences of a growing tourist industry. Environment and culture can also benefit from this industry because it provides a solid economic reason for preservation of customs and landscapes. As far as costs of tourism are concerned, it can be said that they are numerous, and that in every domain where it can be useful, tourism can also be devast
In spite of the fact that the modern techniques are slowly ousting the old means of communicating the news, such mass media as radio will never be interchanged by such new invention as IPad. Because of the force of the habit, people resort to ham radio much more often than it is considered. Despite the unfavorable prognoses of the specialists, ham radio still has its loyal audience, and this audience is not going to abandon the common source of information. According to the results of the annual meeting of the ham operators all over the state, there is still hope that radio will not lose its listeners. No matter what new technologies lure people with, the more conventional radio still has a lot of fans all over the world; in addition, the statistic says that many people who start with IPad technology often turn to using the ham radio after they have experienced the advantages and the drawbacks of the new invention. Taking into consideration the reasons which the fans of the ham radio mention first, the essence of the good old ham radio which no IPad can stand comparison to is the opportunity for live communication. Since the very idea of feeling the pulse of the information stream is so important for both the younger and the elder generation, it is too early to pension off the veteran of the information handling. As a matter of fact, the history of radio is far not that long as one might assume. Because of its huge popularity all over the world in the middle of XX century, people started feeling that this device has had its day; yet such conclusion seems way too far-fetched. It seems that the new technologies which, no doubts, have the right to exist and to enrich the world with the new opportunities can coexist peacefully with the old media. Just think of the long way which radio had to come! This is what happened in 1920ies: The radio craze led almost immediately to a period of rapid expansion as entrepreneurs and advertisers began to grasp the potential of the new medium. Almost as quickly, government was compelled to expand its regulation of radio broadcasting. (Biagi 2006, 110) The radio surely will not surrender its positions so easily! Among the advantages which radio has, tuning was mentioned in the article under the discussion. “He might tune into a station in the South Pacific or listen to a guy in Europe.” (Bluthe 2010) One of the most amazing things which came into the open during the conference
In general, the contracts negotiated with the Dutch, Italian, Spanish and Russian distributors would become subjects of the European group of legal systems. More specifically, the principles of the Civil Law group would apply to those contracts since that system is widely spread across Europe. However, YokoaSun would have to consider certain nuances in dealings with Spanish and Russian companies. For instance, in some regions of Spain, local laws are above the national laws, and in Russia, public law could be more important than private regulations. The contracts with African distributors would depend on the legal system adopted in a particular country. For example, Civil Law systems are common in Sub-Saharan states, while the Common Law group is popular in the Eastern African States. Regardless of national legal systems, the situation with African distributors would be quite different from the work with European partners since “classic” legal systems are heavily affected by local customs and traditions. Moreover, the cases that fall within the regulation of customs are usually arbitrated by prominent locals rather than judges. This feature of African legal systems could create extra challenges for YokoaSun lawyers and contract managers. Regarding export to the United Kingdom, YokoaSun must take into account specific characteristics of the English Common Law since the UK decided to leave the European Union. As a result, the EU trade regulations cannot be extrapolated to the UK anymore. In addition to that, YokoaSun should remember that the Common Law applies the rule of the “Precedent” to decision-making. Therefore, the company’s lawyers should study similar legal cases in case of necessity. The Common Law legal system is also present in the U.S. as a legacy of the time when the United States used to be a British colony. However, there is one important distinction from the commercial point of view. The foreign companies that want to establish business with American partners have a choice between a standard U.C.C. (Uniform Commercial Code) and a commercial agreement issued by each state’s legislation. This system grants an extra degree of flexibility to foreign companies. If YokoaSun decides to enter the German market through a licensed manufacturer of their electronic equipment, that will make their life easier in many regards. Most importantly, YokoaSun’s partner would likely be selected among the already existing German business entities, and YokoaSun will only provide their intellectual property. As a result, the German partner of YokoaSun would have the necessary knowledge of the German legal system in addition to their expertise in electronics. This experience would be crucial for success since, under the license agreement, the manufacturer usually takes responsibility for conducting all business practices legally and ethically. Therefore, the YokoaSun brand reputation in Germany and possibly in all of Europe would depend on the competence and lawfulness of their selected licensee. In p
Introduction Inventory management refers to the process by which a business organization maintains an organized flow of goods in and out of the business enterprise. In so doing the organization team attempts to prevent the inventory becoming high or on the hand going down to levels that can affect the performance of the organization. According to Watson (p 32) in order to control the inventory management the people involved should zero in on some aspects that will act as a guide to them. The most important aspect regards to time keeping. He says that by keeping the inventory management the managing team is able to establish the amount of time spent in order for a distributor to process what has been ordered and also deliver. In addition he says that the inventory management helps in determining the period that it has taken for a good delivered in the business to move out having being sold. Therefore bearing this in mind the management team is able to determine with minimal errors when to place an order of a particular commodity and of what quantity. To add on that he argues that inventory management helps in maintaining of accurate records of what has been delivered and what has been sold. As a result any cases of missing goods or varying figures in the receipts books can be cross checked in order to establish the correct figures. For taxation purposes the inventory management has been argued as adequate in providing the information required. Types of inventory management As the business strives to move forward it has to maintain a good inventory management so that it can be known what is required when, and in what quantity. It is as a result of this the management team has an option of choosing from a number of available inventory management. Today there are four major types of inventory management. They include the material requirements planning, multi echelon inventory optimization, single echelon inventory optimization, and the just in time inventory management system. Material Requirements Planning (MRP) According to Howard (p 121) under this type of inventory management the main emphasis is placed on the production schedules so that there is optimization of inventory levels. He argues that material requirement planning demands that inventory should be available in large quantities to ensure that they perform accordingly in the task required of them. To add on that he states that inventory should be availed in time so that the business organization reduces the amount of money incurred. When using the material requirement planning the main component of it is the Bill of Material. According to him the Bill of Material is very useful in a business enterprise since it is the one used when it comes to the calculation of time that is needed to acquire raw materials used during the process of production. Single Echelon Inventory Optimization Watson (p 23) argues that single echelon inventory optimization is mainly used by the business organi
Abstract This analytical essay presents a critical analysis of the article “Stress: How It Affects Us”, which was written by Joel Nathan in the year 2008. The Works Cited page appends one source in MLA format. Introduction The article that has been taken under consideration goes by the name of “Stress: How It Affects Us” and has been written by the very well-known Joel Nathan. As the name suggests, the article is related to stress and how it affects our day-to-day workings as well as our health in general. The article tells us how stress can weaken our immune system, thereby causing more and more health-related troubles on daily basis. The author suggests that “anything that inhibits the continued release of CRH lowers our immune defenses, and increases our susceptibility to diseases, inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, and behavioral syndromes such as depression, anxiety and anger”. This statement marks out the fact that CRH which is released during stress can deter our health in ways that are least desirable to us, at times even ending up in cases of heart diseases and cancer. Analysis Someway or the other, whatever is going on in our mind has a direct effect on our health by raising or dropping our hormones and levels of immunity. Whatever goes on in our heads seeps into our body somehow, for example, the author tells us about depression. When we are sad, our shoulders droop; we get headaches and at times even have trouble sleeping. On the other hand, when we get angry our “face goes red, you start to shake, your heart and breathing rates go up” (Nathan, p.1). With years passing by, the effects of all such things that eat you on the inside add up, which leads to our diseases being known as our qualms, enmities, misunderstandings, etc. The basic argument here is that we should not let stress affect us to the point that we fall sick because of it, leading to dangerous cases such as cancer, arthritis, etc. The author makes it clear that the term “immune” is Greek for memory, the basic feature that is shared between our immune system shares and our central nervous system. Good memory is extremely important for the smooth working of our immune system. This means that one should have the capability to remember previous bad experiences along with how he/she reacted to them. This helps us figure out our illness as a message to move on and figure out what we need to change in our lives to make it even better
To increase the number of Emirati people in the UAE workforce, the governmental and organizational authorities undertake various measures aimed to develop valuable specialists and establish long-term partnerships with them. To fulfill the primary objectives in its Emiratization endeavors, the Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD) may participate in job fairs, invest in the academic and professional development of students and current employees, create benefits for nationals in the workforce. Some measures are meant to hire new valuable national cadres, while the others have a purpose of maintaining the existing qualified personnel. These methods are discussed in greater detail in the following paragraphs. Scholarships and Student Contracts Many UAE authorities develop scholarship models to train the Emirati students to become competent professionals in the area of their performance and take leading positions in organizations in the future. Scholarships are usually available for those students who have strong academic records and are determined to grow in the field of their interest. The major feature of the given scholarship schemes is their contractual basis. The students are expected to contribute to the development of the UAE society, business, and economy. These scholarship models attract young people because they provide opportunities to acquire skills and guarantee placement in top national enterprises or agencies. Such conditions are beneficial for both talented students and efficiently meet the Emiratization plan goals. Employment Fairs Recruitment fairs are essential sources of information for career seekers and employers. For example, Tawdeef or Najah annually held in Abu Dhabi draw a large number of nationals from various social and demographic backgrounds. The fairs may vary in specialization, scope, and several participants. The EAD participation in one of the numerous recruitment fairs will help to establish an immediate connection with talented and interested people and raise the awareness of organizational mission in public. Succession Plans A succession plan is a strategy aimed to nurture and develop individuals within the organization in the order they might take the senior positions there in the future. This management practice approaches Emiratization’s needs by promoting particular employees who have the necessary leadership and professional qualities. In this way, succession plans retain Emirati personnel. Moreover, the internal organizational efforts in the development of qualified personnel are essential to the increase of the UAE nationals’ competitiveness in the labor market. Employee Benefit Models To retain personnel, the agency should design a gratuity plan meant to reward long-term employees. By correlating financial and non-monetary rewards with the period of work, organizations stimulate the desired behavior among the staff members and encourage them to stay. To be more efficient, an employee benefits