ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Organizational communications are considered to “focus on the various ways individuals influence culture and symbolism, leadership communication, the influence of organizational members’ communication on their ability to participate in organizational life, and critical analysis of organizational communication,” (University of North Carolina, 2006). It is also referred to as corporate communication which is basically the process of conveying information as between the various elements in an organizational environment. Without an efficient and effective communication, an organization cannot withstand the various challenges that face it on a day-to-day basis. Nature of Organizational Communication Communication in any given organization is ever changing and dynamic. As the organization changes with time, the nature of communication also changes with it. Through communication, people are able to change, develop as well as reshape their way of thinking. Communication involves a complex process and every individual in an organization needs to understand the nature of that process. This may be understood by looking into the components of a communication process. In the past, various writes have come up with the various ingredients that are necessary for a communication process to be complete. These are: sender, message, channel and the receiver, though this is just a constitution of the primary essentials. An expanded model would consist of an interpersonal communication model. The model that has been put forth, portrays the human being to be the sender and the recipient of the message, and also allows the transmission of message and obtaining of feedback by either of the parties. The model presents the communication system as a process of human interaction. The process is ever continuing, never coming to a standstill as within the organizational environment. In the model, the sender, as the origin of the message, represents the manager in an organization who determines what message is to be communicated and its meaning and how it should be transmitted. The manager here has to select a message containing a mutual meaning for everyone in the organization. The message, when communicated should be able to elicit response from the receiver. It should be accompanied, not just by words but also with facial expressions that match with it. The channel chosen should be effective and efficient and should be different for each level in the organization. For the message to be received effectively by the receiver, the manager needs to understand the nature of the employees in the organization and the recipients in general and take into consideration all the individual differences when communicating to them. The employees too need to set aside their individual beliefs and biases in order not to miss out the point because of their misjudgments. It is important that the manager seek feedb
Introduction The crucible is a play written in the McCarthyism era by Arthur Miller. McCarthyism was a movement in the nineteen-fifties led by Senator Joe McCarthy in search for communists in the government of the United States. A crucible as defined is a vessel whereby heating and melting of metal using high temperatures take place for sole purposes of casting. Metaphorically, a crucible can also refer to an era in history where the society seems to be melted down and remolded into a new castby the forces of great cultural, social, and political changes. The same word has remarkable similarities with crucifixion, which is the major intention of Miller by choosing it to be the title of his play. The plays interweaves Christ’s crucifixion with the picture of a bubbling crucible in it a man and a society: the predicament of arriving to the right choice of morality and the inevitability of attaining redemption through sacrifice. These two themes, certainly, occur in the amplified struggle between good and evil. The crucible puts to lime light countless enduring issue that affects our society at large. These issues include honor and integrity, power issues and its abounding corruption, the characteristics of excellence and wickedness, and the likelihood to evade all sorts of problems by creation of scapegoats. This paper aims at showing how the crucible exposes the above named issues in a dramatic fashion. What issues are being adressed The issues of honor and integrity are depicted very well in the Crucible. Conscience is an inward sense of decency which propels most people towards what we term as being right(Miller 1). Nevertheless, in moment of public discord, we end up give our consciousness the rear seat which is naturally expected of us. For one to stand up for the right thing even in the most challenging opposition, it asks for a strong will of conscience(Miller 2). Although taking such an action is perceived as noble and honorable in retrospection, it is rarely received well by the majority in real and actual events. Miller handles the issue of integrity and honor by bring the character of proctor. How the issues are handled The reason as to why proctor was hanged, it was because he chose to uphold his integrity at the end. If proctor had chosen to compromise his integrity by confessing thus lying, he would not have been blamed by the audience. Proctor realized that by compromising he would betray his close friends therefore he chose to sacrifice his life for his conscience. By following his conscience, and sacrificing his life, proctor became a real martyr before the audience eyes (Miller 3). This trend repeats itself even in our day to day life. We are very quick at applauding those who chose to uphold their integrity but we do not have enough strength of moral fiber to do so. The death of proctor turns out to be a moral exclamation point, and the modern audiences would be affected profoundly(Archer 5). A large part of the play is dominated by the issues of power. Domineering criminals in the play have power possession and this prompt Miller to sound a warning on the corrupting qualities behind power. This is depi
Connective Tissue Connective tissue is one of the four types of animal and human tissue, which develops from the mesoderm and is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body. Its cells are dispersed in a matrix, which typically needs them to produce a significant amount of extracellular material. In the functioning of connective tissue, the matrix plays a vital role. Connective tissues have a great variety of forms, which, however, have three standard characteristic components: protein fibers, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and cells. It is rather evident from the name of the tissue that its principal function is to connect and support organs and other tissues. Moreover, another primary feature of connective tissue is protection: fibrous capsules and bones keep the skeletal system and delicate organs safe. Neural Tissue Neural tissue is the primary component of the central and peripheral nervous system, which includes the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It mainly consists of neurons – specialized nerve cells that can conduct and generate neuroglia, which neural tissue also consists of, and nerve impulses. Neuroglia has specific supporting cells that help to provide electrical insulation, give physical support, and remove the debris. Communication and integration are the two main functions of nervous tissue. It conducts electric signals across tissue and, thus, forms the communication network of the nervous system, which lets people experience stimuli and then make a response. Muscle Tissue Muscle tissue may be defined as soft tissue that gives rise to muscles’ ability to contract and composes them in the body. The primary function of muscle tissue is movement since it is the only tissue that can contract and move the other parts of the body. There is another function of muscle tissue th
Introduction The internet has turn out to be part of our lives that is easy to forget the inventors who had a vision of what worldwide networking could grow to be and toiled to make it ensue. According to a research done, the internet, which started as a minuscule and restricted community, is now diverse and accessible from all parts of the universe. As a result, the issue of internet security is a serious matter because a local problem can be a worldwide incident within a second. Therefore, an understanding of the internet and security is imperative for the development of protective measures that ensure confidentiality, integrity as well as availability of information. The history of internet According to Vacca (2009), the development of computers at approximately 1950 was the genesis of the history of the internet. At around 1970, the internet began as ARPANET and it was a project funded by Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). The broad objective of the project was creation of a network that will not cease to function even if one of its components failed. Therefore, the creation of the internet was in such a way that it had a capacity to resist attacks like viruses, intrusions and incidents. Additionally, the main aim of the internet was openness, flexibility, and not security because people needed to share information hence there were no restrictions. The ARPANET led to development of internetworking which involved amalgamation of different networks to form a system (Speed, Juanita and Korper, 2010). As more sites linked with ARPANET, the significance of the internet increased. For instance, ARPANET was initially a government and university site but at around 1970 it became public and many people could access and use it for research. As a result, the incidence of security violations increased but people did not consider it as an attack because they trusted each other. In the year, 1982 access to ARPANET expanded with the development of Computer Science Network (CSNET). Besides, at around 1987, there was emergence of commercial Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Therefore, Speed and Juani
The modern world still suffers from the aftermath of 2008 financial crisis that triggered recession of the economy and conditioned the appearance of a number of problems in the sphere of finances. The majority of the powerful states of the world were not able to avoid the negative impact of the crisis and suffered from the economic contraction and decrease in incomes. Yet, at the moment, the situation remains complicated as a number of stressors still exercise their influence on the economy and finances of a number of states. Unstable international situation and oscillations of oil prices might trigger the new wave of crisis (“Explaining low inflation. The lowdown” para. 2). Being one of the leading states, the USA might also suffer from it. Besides, analyzing the state of the US economy, it is crucial to admit several factors. First, despite the oscillations of the oil prices, some essential indicators remain robust as new jobs are being added, and the housing market could be characterized by a certain stability (“Unfamiliar ways forward” para. 4). At the same time, the decrease of the tempos of economic growth, failure of corporate profits and problems in the banking sector indicate the recession that might trigger another financial crisis (“Unfamiliar ways forward” para. 4). Moreover, the problems of the global economy, which suffers from the same issues, also have the pernicious impact on the USA, contributing to the deterioration of the situation in the sphere of finances. The absence of stable markets and the decrease of the demand for a certain product undermine the financial stability of a state and promote the further deterioration of its economy. The existence of crucial problems is also evidenced by the anxiety of the leading financial markets and by the fall of stockmarket indexes (Mui, “Economists are starting to warn” para. 5). However, the most threatening fact is that the government does not have many options to deal with it (Ritholz para. 3). It means that companies, corporations, and common people will have to survive alone. Nevertheless, there are still several steps that should be made to mitigate the negative effects of the recession. First, the government should obviously provide social guarantees to workers to bring unemployment down and decrease the tempos of inflation (Ritholz para. 6). Second, the low oil prices make mining and manufacturing industries vulnerable (Mui, “U.S. economy adds ” para. 7). This sect
Introduction Implementing the child –based teaching strategy will be physically, mentally, and emotionally advantageous to all parties within the classroom environment. The research focuses on the resolving the problem statement. The research also focuses on the history of the strategic learning disabled teaching strategy. The research includes the researcher’s reflection as a current special education teacher. Student based teaching strategy improves the learning disabled student’s learning capacity. Statement of the Problem Effect of Student-based Special Education Teaching Methodology on Special Children. Statement of the Purpose The purpose of the study is to determine if the student-based special education teaching methodology improves the special student’s learning process. Definitions Related to the Topic Special student – a student in the elementary years with learning disability. Special education – teaching methodology different from the normal teaching strategy implemented in classrooms for normal learning children. Gifted student – children with higher than normal intelligence quotients, usual IQ’ of 140 and above. Autistic student – Child with neural –related learning disability. Mentally retarded – prior identification of persons who are not normal learners. ADHD student – Child who is hyperactive. SPED teacher – The special education teacher using one’s dedication and noble spirit to go that extra mile to equip the learning disabled child with intellectual and emotional resources to survive the future complex teenage, adult, and elderly world. Literature of study Special educational teaching strategy Special education focuses on young students with special learning needs. Likewise, Vicari (2004) proposed the topic includes teaching children with communication challenges, emotional disabilities, behavioral disabilities, physical disabilities, and development disabilities. In terms of issues related to study, special students need an alternative teaching methodology. The teaching strategy deviates from the normal teaching methodology used to impart knowledge to students without learning disabilities. To be more effective in training the students with special learning needs, the normal class size is reduced to numbers conducive to comfortable and stress-free special student classroom environment. Students with special learning abilities including gifted students. Gifted students are those with high intelligence quotients. However, the general impression of the word special student describes persons having less than normal learning capacities. The special students include children previously classified as mentally retarded. However, the term mentally retarded has been changed to student with special learning needs to avoid charges of discriminating such students. Another group of students with special learning abilities include those classified as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or
The book Escape from Camp 14 written by Blaine Harden is based on the life of a North Korean refugee Shin Dong-hyuk who escaped from an internment camp. This literary work gives readers in-depth insights into the experiences of a person who grew up in a totalitarian state. In particular, it shows the repressive government can alienate parents and children from one another or even turn them into enemies. It is probably the only way in which such governments can control people. This is the main tragedy of Shin and many other people who grew up in such internment camps. One of the most important details is that the rulers of the prison camp deliberately made people hostile to one another. For instance, Shin perceived his mother only as the rival for food. Moreover, he had very virtually no opportunity to see his father. This policy is aimed at alienating relatives from one another. Apart from that, one should remember that children, who grew up in the internment camp, were taught to inform on their parents. This requirement was a part of their education. The top priority for such individuals should be the interests of the state, rather than the welfare of their beloved ones. In turn, Shin told the guards that his mother had intended to escape the prison. Moreover, it did not occur to him this action would be the cause of his bitter remorse in the future. This is one of the main details that should be considered. It should be kept in mind that Shin’s mother was executed, and to some degree, her death was the direct result of Shin’s beliefs and moral principles. This is the main tragedy of the main character who still struggles to overcome the emotional traumas inflicted on him during childhood. Overall, this book is important for understanding the nature of totalitarian state that want to dehumanize people by destroying the very notion of a family. They attempt to break these bonds in order to undermine people’s trust in one another. Shin can be regarded as the victim of this system. Since childhood, he was deprived of his parents. Moreover, he was forced to believe that they had been his enemies. This experience can devastate the inner world of a person.
A great Russian writer and thinker Dostoevsky illuminates the impact of distorted utilitarianists’ ideology on a simple Russian student in his novel Crime and Punishment . Implementing his own views concerning the progress and happiness, the author proves the inconsistency of the misinterpreted and not successfully adapted Western European conception, developing the themes of suffering and universal values. The main character of the novel Crime and Punishment by Dostoyevsky was influenced by the ideas of West European utilitarianism, based on the theories of correct actions and values. “New, “strange, unfinished ideas’ ‘ of Western origin take a hold in his mind” (Hudspith 104). Raskolnikov tried to evaluate his every decision mathematically, considering the worth of its possible impacts, attempting to measure even the things, which can not be measured. “He draws up his theory to the Napoleonic superman, permitted to step across conventional moral boundaries in pursuit of glory, while the ordinary masses are compelled to live within the restrictions of these boundaries” (Hudspith 104). Regarding himself a superman, Rodion thought that his unique intellectual abilities allowed him to break not only the moral rules, but the society laws as well. It was characteristic of the utilitarian ideology, according to which “Mankind… obtains a greater sum of happiness when each pursues his own” (West 213). Still, Raskolnikov’s decisions can not be regarded the consequences of the utilitarian influence, they rather reflect the misrepresented propositions of European theory in the consciousness of a haughty Russian man. The main character misinterpreted the main points due to his personal views and adapted them to his intentions so as to find in them support and theoretical basis for his reasoning. “Raskolnikov’s scheme to rebuild Petesburg, based on the same principles of utilitarianism and superior will that underlie the crime, should have buttressed his conviction that the murder is justifiable” (Peace 46). His reasoning, though spoken mostly to himself, was not sincere, the whole city improvement was not his main goal. Being isolated and discriminated by the society, Rodion could not think of making it happier, this idea could not occur to him, this was only a plausible pretext for committing the crimes. “He committed his crime not to help them, but to tower above them” (Hudspith 104). Thus, Raskolnikov’s mathematical evaluation of t
Introduction The cold war orthodoxy that defined the American foreign policy proved wrong according Robert McNamara who was the secretary of defense during the Vietnam War. The US policy makers relied on their own assumptions and values. The US policy makers lacked knowledge and information about Vietnam, though this is just a scapegoat reason for the failure, the real reason lies on the fact that the US policy makers were glued to the cold war orthodoxy, the America cold war orthodoxy dismisses any critics of war that US is a party, and based on misguided assumptions and fueled by ignorance and inability to admit error. Main Body The realization of the American citizens that there was a distance between the thoughts of the policy makers and the realities on the battlefield led to an intensified opposition to the war. The Vietnam War made the Americans appear skeptical about the role of America in protecting their interests and also in policing the world; the war also made Americans believe that any engagement that might be quick and driven by ignorance and indecisiveness can be extremely dangerous. Another fundamental lesson that Americans learned from the Vietnam War was that national interest was considered prime over foreign policy debates. The anti-Vietnam war movements had the role of creating awareness and sensitizing the other citizens by telling the other side of the war story which was not made popular and public by the government or the media. This attracted popular dissent by the US citizens who had been kept in the dark about the war. The war movements led to the institutionalization of anti-war cause. Conclusion There was a wide gap between the American citizens and the policy makers. This was exhibited in the plan for the Vietnam War where the ordinary Americans were fed with lies that were only meant to satisfy their conviction and the factual policies and ideas obscured from them. The reasons the Americans citizens were given composed of lies and myths and the updates they received about the progress of the war were mere falsehoods aimed at curbing any opposition towards the war (Appy and Bloom 1). Works Cited Appy, Christian and Bloom, Alexander. Vietnam War mythology and the rise of public cynicism. New York, NY: Cengage Learning, n.d. Print.