ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The earth is the home of a man and has numerous resources that facilitate the successful existence of all the living things. It is important to assert that a large part of the earth’s surface consists of water bodies. Some of the water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, and seas. While many water bodies like rivers and lakes are within the borders of particular countries, oceans are large water bodies that cut across continents. As a result, they make up the largest part of the earth’s surface. The Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Pacific are oceans found around the world. Due to the numerous resources found in oceans, countries, and states have continually engaged in political and legal challenges on issues that regard its territorial ownership and management. It is within this context that the essay summarises the legal rights and issues of contesting parties concerning the Indian Ocean relative to the UN Convention on the law of the sea. The Indian Ocean extends across several countries in Asia, Africa, and Australia. These countries share the resources within the ocean and enjoy its features. Since the ocean has a number of resources and benefits, challenges frequently occur concerning how these countries need to share and manage them. Klein asserts that to minimize the challenges, the UN Convention came into force and ensured that each country party to the convention enjoys the benefits of the water body (29). After a number of meetings, the United Nations came up with a set of guidelines that govern the use, management, and conservation of the oceans by the subject nations. Some of the legal rights and issues provided by the convention on the law of the sea that countries party to the convection enjoy include the passage, fishing, and territorial rights. Territorial, fishing, and passage rights facilitate harmony and productive relationships with countries that share an ocean or a water body. The enactment of the UN Convention on the law of the sea, which provides the legal rights, was practical as it halted various challenges and issues amongst several countries adjacent to the Indian Ocean. Some of the challenges and issues experienced by countries and states around the Indian Ocean included fishing, oil drilling, and other factors that concerned the ocean resources (Bernaerts 37; Gianni 23). It is important to elucidate that the convention provides a territorial limit where countries can manage and exercise their legal rights. By providing Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), the convention greatly reduced the challenges that many countries adjacent to the oceans experienced in terms of use, management, and conservation. According to Ebbin, Hoel, and Sydnes, the EEZs cover 230 miles from the border of a particular country where it can exercise its economic rights (5
Introduction The world is growing too fast in terms of technology since the emergence of the internet. The internet remains important in bringing about technological change, thus influencing changes in human behavior. In the view of many, the internet has greatly contributed to the growth of knowledge and research. However, although the internet has greatly contributed to the growth of knowledge, it has been opposed by a section of people arguing that it has numerous negative implications to innovation and creativity. In his July Article, Nicholas Carr wrote “Is Google making Us Stupid.” Google is a widely used search engine across the internet. It is fundamental to note that although technology is essential in the context of the society, it comes with fear of deteriorating human development in some way. In this paper, I seek to argue in favor of the statement that Google is not making us stupid. Discussion Developments in technology and growth of knowledge would need necessary tools for their success. Therefore, knowledge requires tools of technology to ensure easy access, growth and distribution of information. To argue that the minds are being made stupid by a tool that enables access to information with a view to advance the same body of knowledge is unsustainable. We note that research is a continuous exercise that needs scholars and academicians to link various pieces of knowledge with an aim of making it better. Therefore, technological tools that promote this process are critically important (Leven 112). It is true according to DarkHawke that there shall constantly be fear of the advancements in technology by the masses (Schlesinger 68). Science has done far-reaching research and predictions on what can go wrong with the advancements in technology. This fear has been in existence among people since their childhood. In many occasions, parents have exhibited their fear of technology by dictating and perhaps prescribing what their kids should watch, listen to, and play with. Indeed those who argue against the extent to which Goggle has contributed to the growth of knowledge do so in the spirit that it has acted to obliterate the public discourses. They argue that no individual can now think about an answer when he or she can just “Google” the outcome (Schlesinger 68). The mere fact that people can access information at a touch of a button does not amount to idleness of the mind, but rather, the idea of using the search engine is self-fulfilling. Fundamentally, no stupid mind can navigate around the internet trying to seek knowledge and expand neither his nor her scope of understanding. It is perhaps important that I table the essence of for which the search engine was established to serve. The need for faster access to information has been there since the historical moments. It may be necessary to state that Google is not solely responsible for making the minds stupid, but if in case stupidity exists, individuals are virtually responsible for it. Research calls for moral and professional responsibility. Indeed no individual can now take another person’s piece of work and present for marking. Fo
Introduction Companies that want to succeed in their respective industries must be ready to attract, select, and retain culturally diverse workforces (Christiansen et al. 2016). Diversity is a powerful strategy used by business firms to include individuals from more than one nationality, culture, religion, sexual orientation, tribe, or origin in an attempt to promote organizational culture and effectiveness (Cahill & Sedrak 2012). Companies should begin by describing a powerful strategy that can be used to increase the representation of women and racial minorities in a business firm or organization. The proposed strategy should be able to outline key steps that must be undertaken to attract, select, and retain a diverse workforce. The first step should be to promote diversity during the recruitment process. The second stage is ensuring that the hiring process focuses on individuals from diverse backgrounds or gender (Stone 2013). After the employees have been hired successfully, it is necessary to promote or implement appropriate retention processes. The essay, therefore, explains how companies can use a powerful strategy to attract and retain more workers from diverse backgrounds. When this approach is embraced, the targeted organization will realize its business goals. The presented essay describes the benefits of attracting and retaining culturally diverse workforces. The paper goes further to analyze the unique procedures that can be used to attract, hire, and retain employees from diverse backgrounds. The final part of the paper will be to offer concluding remarks regarding the development and importance of diversity in the workforce. Reasons for Attracting, Selecting, and Retaining Diverse Workforces The current wave of globalization is encouraging many companies to focus on the idea of diversity (Chuang 2013). The decision to employ workers from diverse backgrounds is something that can deliver numerous benefits to an organization. Companies that understand the benefits of diversity will identify new strategies to attract more employees from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Hiring employees with diverse language and cultural skills will result in better performance. Mba and Teresa (2013) believe that diversity will promote the concept of heterogeneity and eventually improve the level of creativity. Firms must attract, retain, and select individuals from different cultural groups since workforce diversity has been associated with creativity. The employees in the workplace will present a wide range of ideas and skills that can address the issues existing in the firm. Firms can use the ideas presented by their workers to come up with innovative process
Exploring the mental health aspect of eating disorders is beyond important because the way in which a person perceives himself or herself can affect the severity of physical health complications. Because of this, in their research article, Urgesi et al. (2012) explored the issue of visual body perception as related to the manifestation of anorexia nervosa (AN). According to the authors, problems with realistically perceiving one’s body represent the central aspect of AN, with multiple neuroimaging studied documenting both functional and structural alterations of occipitotemporal cortices that are integrated into visual body processing. Although, it remains unclear whether the perceptual deficits are associated with a higher number of basic aspects of body perception. The researchers involved 15 adolescent patients diagnosed with AN and matched to a control group corresponding with their age and gender. It was revealed that AN patients had greater likelihood of discriminating their visual bodies and having negative body image (but not actions) in contrast to their control group counterparts. Such negative attitudes of the patients were associated with their likelihood to transform punishment signals into signals of reinforcement. Therefore, the findings of the study are ambiguous in nature. Due to the detail-based processing of their bodies, patients with AN have a higher tendency of routinely exploring their body parts as a result of obsessive worriers about body appearance. The way in which AN patients perceive their physical appearance may contribute to the exasperation of the condition; however, the increased tendency to convert punishment into reinforcement enhances the likelihood of patients to work on themselves. Yet, the mental health aspect has not been explored in greater detail, which calls for additional studies on the topic.
Proteins Proteins are referred to as “the building blocks of life” (Protein in Diet Para 1). Protein is required by the body for repair and maintenance. The building blocks for protein are amino acids, whose structure is in the form of long chains. Dietary proteins cannot be directly absorbed from the GIT due to their large and complex nature. They are therefore absorbed in the form of amino acids, which are small and simple molecules. Amino acids are divided into three groups:   * Essential.       + These include histidine, leucine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, lycine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and valine.   * Nonessential       + These include alanine, asparagines, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.   * Conditional       + These include glutamine, ornithine, proline, arginine, cysteine, tyrosine, glycine and serine. Function Proteins are important constituents of the body tissues and organs. They contribute greatly towards “the structure, function and regulation of body tissues and organs” (What are proteins and do they do Para 3). The amino acid sequence is very important because it defines the function and structure of every protein. Proteins and their Functions Antibodies like Immunoglobulin G (IgG) These bind to certain foreign bodies for example bacteria and viruses. They protect the body from harm. Enzymes like hydrolases They are the drivers of most chemical reactions in the cells. DNA contains genetic information. Enzymes read this information during the formation of new molecules. Phenylalanine hydroxylase, which contains four identical subunits converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. Messengers like hormones These are involved in the coordination of biological processes by “transmitting signals between cells, tissues and organs” (What are proteins and do they do Para 5). The growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and binds to a growth hormone receptor (a protein) to aid in the regulation of cell growth. Structure Proteins are involved in the structuring of cells, and this forms a basis for support. E.g., actin shown below: The actin filaments help in muscle contraction and maintain the shape of muscle cells. Transport/ Storage like ferritin for iron storage They bind to and are carriers of atoms and small molecules in cells and the entire body. Ferritin consists of 25 subunits Food Sources The food sources of proteins include fish, milk, eggs, meat, beans, nut butter, some grains like wheat germ and legumes. A nutritionally adequate protein diet concerning the RDA can meet one’s daily needs for protein. The various plant sources for protein can meet the protein needs of vegetarians. One’s age and health determine how much protein is necessary. Age The daily requirements of proteins for adults are 2 to 3 servings. The myfoodguide pyramid
One risk that is usually associated with population growth is biodiversity risk. Biodiversity risk can be generally described as business risks linked to biodiversity. This includes threats that occur as a consequence of direct reliance on biodiversity, in addition to funding, regulatory, reputational and supply chain threats that occur due to business associations with biodiversity. A study by Kevin and John (2004) reveals that loss of biodiversity leads to: coastal flooding, desertification and food insecurity. Let’s look at each of these separately. Costal Flooding The elimination of chief coastal ecosystems usually augments the brutality of coastal flooding. Coastal aspects such as vegetated coastal dunes and coral reefs form efficient buffers against natural calamities, tornados, and coastal grinding. Besides their fundamental role in coastal fortification, these coastal aspects are vital for various marine food chains, including vital nursery regions and homes for commercially costly fish and shellfish organisms. In prospect, with the pervasiveness of greater populations in coastal regions, the economic and human costs of destruction to coastal environment s are expected to rise. Desertification Ecosystem deprivation, driven mainly by population increase, industrialization and growth of agriculture has been a chief driver of desertification, ensuing in the widespread thrashing of once prolific land. Growing water shortage, itself partly a consequence of deforestation or elimination of vegetation, is compounding the issue in several areas. Food Security The productivity of agricultural systems is greatly dependant on geologically assorted soils and other chief ecosystem services like climatic constancy, water regulation and pollination. A study by Garcia-Torres (2001) reveals that by 2050, these agricultural schemes will be expected to feed an envisaged population of 9 billion. This will lay vast pressure on limited land resources and will relentlessly test the capacity of ecosystems to produce the services that supports agriculture. Impacts of Biodiversity Risk on Businesses Loss of biodiversity interrupts businesses in several ways. Some of these ways include: reduced productivity; scarcity and increased costs of resources; restricted access to land and other resources; litigation; reduced quotas; pricing and compensation regimes; reputation risk; financing risk; and supply chain link. Main industries for example, forestry, farming, fishing and extractives are largely impacted, although no quarter escapes unharmed by some type of biodiversity risk (World Economic Forum, 2010). A Case Study of Biodiversity Loss and Agricultural Supply Chains Agricultural yields depends on biodiversity and ecosystem services such as water preserving aspects of the landscape, local and international climatic
Both companies Johnson & Johnson and Dow Corning were framed particular issues which helped the make a decision in their cases. However, those frames also presupposed the effectiveness of the decision in cases under consideration. The choice of the tools for solving the problem and the vision of the problem are effective aspects which are to be considered while making a decision. Looking at the cases under consideration, it should be stated that the difference in the outcome of the politics held by Johnson & Johnson and Dow Corning was caused by the frames which were used as windows and tools. The main idea of the Johnson & Johnson’s Code of Ethics is to make sure that the customers are satisfied and the products do not harm their health. Additionally, there are a lot of other items which make sure that the frames have been correctly chosen. Thus, applying to the human resource frames, political frames and symbolic frames, Jonson & Jonson managed to remain successful and conserved its positive image. The company’s measures were based on the roles, policies, needs and relationships of the organization towards its customers. Many other ethical aspects played their role. At the same time, the failure of the Dow Corning company may be explained by the reference only to the political frames. The company was bothered for the conflicts which may appear and wanted to prevent those by means of closing the factories and refusing from the manufacturing. Therefore, it may be concluded that the choice of frames, both the windows and as tools, plays a great role in considering the image of the company and its mental map. Dwelling upon the differences in ethical stances of the Johnson & Johnson and Dow Corning, the Code of Ethics as well as the goals of the companies should be considered. Johnson & Johnson is the company which takes care for its customers and for their health. Only the great care for the clients and the guarantee of their satisfaction may create the successful business for the company. Johnson & Johnson deals with many different products and covers many niches at the world market. The problems and the shade of one particular product may cause the company failure if successful marketing of other products. Dow Corning is the company which produces only one kind of the products and they believed that the arguments they had were enough. The lack of interest in the company image may be explained by the great assuredness of the company leaders in the inability of the company failure or the fact that the issue cannot be proved. The failure to combine the company image and the purposes of the manufacturing has lead to the fact that others became interested in the failure. Looking for the problems, the information was found. Therefore, it may be concluded that the company has lost the whole manufacturing only because they did not want to lose some income. The loss in case of accepting the failure and withdrawal of the failure product could be less than the closure
Introduction The central bank has emerged to be the greatest financial institution that controls the economy of any country. The Government does rely on the central bank to foresee the economy on its behalf. Among the crucial roles the central bank plays are supervision of other financial institutions, acting as a banker of other banks, acting as a bank of the government, acting as a lender of last resort, liaising with other international bodies among other functions. The way the central bank cooperates with other international bodies including IMF and World Bank enables it to execute its duties. The recent global financial crisis of 2008 had major implications throughout the world. It proved that the issue of economic crisis is no longer a national issue but a global issue and the whole world should work as a team towards providing a safe market for all countries (Samuelson, 2008). Three bankers, heads of the three great Central Banks The subprime mortgage crisis was partly caused by poor policies. The Federal Reserve is responsible for ensuring stability of prices in the U.S. economy. A key question is why the U.S experienced a volatile market in which a stock market collapsed causing uncertainty in the economy and the world. The collapse of the unshakable Lehman brothers and its subsequent effect on other companies compelled the U.S. government to bailout out bankrupt organizations using a package of $ 750 billion. This taught Americans a lesson after loss of jobs and shares. The economic crisis could have been cushioned if the Federal Reserve had put sufficient measures and restrictions in place especially on interest rates. The chairperson of the Federal Reserve, Mr. Ben Bernanke could partly be held accountable for the decline of the economy global because he was in a position to regulate the financial industry (Samuelson, 2008). The European Central Bank bears a great responsibility to the rest of the EU community and the world. The bank controls the European states that use the Euro because it ensures euro partners are protected from inflation hence ensuring stable prices. Interest rates are stabilized while inflation rates are put within permissible rates for the wellbeing of the associate members. The Bank of Japan significantly contributes to the operation of the world economy. Japan is considered to have one of the greatest world economies as it has the greatest technology in the manufacturing sector. Therefore, its central bank policies will have impact on the world economy. Mr. Masaaki Shirakawa would therefore be blamed globally if he comes up with policies that would have negative effects on other economies. The heads of these banks are accountable for the performance of the world economy as they make decisions that have global impacts. For instance, the recent G20 meeting unanimously resolved that China should devalue its currency. China had made its goods a bit expensive through appreciation of its currency (Yuan) and since it was a global concern, a mutual understanding had to be made. Generally, economic