ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Continuing Education Course for Expatriate Nurses A nursing curriculum needs to incorporate the key elements of theory and practice, at the same time, giving students enough flexibility and being easily adjustable to their needs. The pliability of a learning curriculum is particularly important for an expatriate nurse (EP), who face a range of challenges associated with social and cultural accommodation. While being quite vulnerable to the changes in the educational program, EPs also have the potential to improve the quality of services since EPs are more likely to display cultural compassion to patients (Albougami, 2015). The specified characteristics of EPs need to be taken into consideration when designing a curriculum that will allow EPs to acquire relevant skills and build the knowledge system for managing diverse patients’ needs. In order to approach EPs and create a sustainable academic program for them, one should use the approach based on the Humanistic approach. Specifically, the Humanistic Learning Theory (HLT) allows improving the existing curriculum so that it could encourage students to shape their behaviors and acquire the skills that will help them to tend to the culture-specific needs of patients. Since the HLT appeals to the need for self-actualization and personal growth, it is likely to reinforce the levels of motivation among students, thus encouraging them to learn new information and develop new skills regularly. When incorporated together with a well-thought-out system of values, it can provide the basis for a philosophy based on self-directed learning. As a result, students will acquire the ability to improve their skills and build a knowledge system independently. Therefore, with the help of the HLT framework, one will be able to shape the curriculum in a way that will allow empowering learners to
Introduction The First World War of 1914-1918 encountered the United States with one of the most horrible crises in human history. The military politics of the greatest states of the world caused disruption and psychological frustration that germinated even more ruinous consequences for later generations. The horrors of the Great War, human tragedy, and games of politicians who resorted to mass violence – all these factors effected American people and distorted their culture and social welfare. In particular, the war contributed to formation of political ideology, which is commonly known as Wilsonian idealism. This policy consisted in democracy proliferation and freedom of speech manifestation both in the United States and in the European countries suppressed by common rivals. However, the concepts were accepted by people differently, as the majority criticized the principles of overt demonstration of capitalism leading to unnecessary military invasions. Thesis Statement: On the one hand, the Wilson planned to advocate the democratic principles at the international level and to provide a shelter for ethnical minorities. On the other hand, American society experienced great changes that led to a total reevaluation of the meaning of war. The United States did not fully realize their relation to the European conflicts and the reason for sacrificing lives in the ideological war. The Wilsonian policy is also brightly reflected in the ideological strategies of George Bush Jr. whose reasons for invading to Iraq have still been disputable. Main Discussion Overview of preconditions and events of the First World War German invasion to European countries and heavy repressions German invasion was not only aimed at manifesting the absolute power of the nation. The Nazi troops were also attempting to suppress any displays of political independence and uniqueness. Indeed, the declaration of warfare had very sophisticated undertones spread at the international level. However, the most evident motive of the War was the creation of a powerful Empire with homogenous political strategies and ideologies deprived of any displays of liberal thinking and freedom of choice. Germany took a firm path of destruction and declared itself as the supreme nation. As the result of these futile repressions, Germany managed to reveal the most vulnerable points of such powerful economies as France, Britain, Italy, and Russia. Michael Howard writes, “The Germans prided themselves on a uniquely superior culture that held the balance between the despotic barbarism of their eastern neighbor and the decadent democracy of the West” (2003, 11). It meant that this nation wanted to prevent the prosperity and modernization of the best European democracy and their technological advancement. German intervention on all frontiers and the distortion of socialism and liberalism As the United States were keeping pace with the events taking place in
The average income for males in Canada can be explored by classifying individuals based on age. The chart below represents the mean income computed for each sub-division for males in Canada for the years spanning from 1999-2019 (Statistics Canada). It is a graph that maps the trend of income levels and the underlying differences between one age group and another. The purpose of this chart is, therefore, to find out how the various groupings compare to each other in terms of income levels and the impact of time on average income. At the top of the graph is the line representing the average income for the group 45-54 years. The chart indicates that members of the population under this sub-category had been sustaining the highest levels of income for 20 years until 2019. Below this group are members in the category 35-44 and this group has maintained the second position throughout. At number three is the class with members aged between 55 and 64 years. These males have also managed to maintain this ranking over the 20 years. The classification 25-34 years represents male members who are fourth in terms of average income levels. The second last position has been taken by the category of 65 years and over while the least earning group is 16-24 years. There seem to be three clusters represented by chart lines with very common and lose attributes. The top grouping is composed of three top-ea
Social Psychologists (Kenneth Gegen) The main goal of social psychologists is to analyze relationships between people to be able to explain how humans behave around one another. Gegen noted that behaviors studied by psychologists are always different because people learn all the time and their values change; behaviors differ from natural events studied by natural scientists that are always stable and can be recreated in a lab. In that way, Gegen believed that an experimental approach in a laboratory is not suitable for studying human behaviors. Gegen’s idea was that pure isolated research would produce incorrect and unrealistic results. For truthful results, psychology had to take into account more than just research and experiment outcomes but also historical, economic, political, sociological, and other factors. According to Gegen, control and prediction of social behaviors should not be the main goals of psychologists. Instead, they should think of general laws and try to explain specific situations happening at a given time. Also, Gegen believed that social psychological theories and their principles are the results of their historical periods, and this means that they change together with cultural environments and values. Humanists (Carl Rogers) The main focus of humanistic psychologists is people’s free will, individuality, and experience. Humanists believe that people are strong and have a desire to improve themselves. Carl Rogers was both a scientist and a therapist, and these two roles caused him to feel confused about his views. This was because as a scientist, he had to be objective, and as a therapist, he had to be subjective. Therapy sees people as active agents but not objects as they are in science. This is why Rogers believed that science was not very useful in therapy. His idea was that therapy should develop based on the experiences of clients and their therapists but not on scientific methods that view people as objects and are only useful for testing hypotheses. Also, Rogers was convinced that science does not see people as individual persons and pays attention only to general scientific laws that dehumanize patients and ignore thei
Introduction Marzilli’s Fine Italian Foods was started in 1940 by two Italian immigrants, Gino and Maria; his wife. It is a grocery store that initially provided grocery items in Milan; the capital city of Italy. The grocery has gained prominence in Milan and has recorded growth over the years. The two founders of the grocery, Gino and Maria run the business until 1975 when they retired and left it to their son Jim who then runs it alone. The business had excellent performance through 1980s and 1990s until recently when the sales revenue went down due to migration of customers to the suburbs. The business has not breakeven for the past couple of years and has therefore not recorded profit. Jim is working on strategies to alleviate the situation. He argues that the business can mitigate the costs by reducing the number of operating hours and concentrate on the hours that customers visit the business most. This paper seeks to present the SWOT analysis for the business. The SWOT analysis will be considered under the internal and external factors that are strengths and weaknesses on one side and opportunities and threats on the other hand (ICMBA, 2007, P.1). The SWOT analysis Internal factors Strengths                                                                                                                     Weaknesses                                                                                                                                                           1. The grocery is located in the city center where there is high concentration of people. This would ensure many customers.   1. The grocery is run by family members who may lack marketing skills and other skills.                                                                             2. The company does not have many competitors in the region and therefore enjoys the whole market advantage.                  2. Inability to capture the market for its products. For instance the young professionals could be influenced to buy the grocery products.                          3. The cost of goods sold is high thus making profits to be low.                                                              3. Concentrating in the city center alone weakens the grocery sale volume and increases its inability to serve the customers even after they move.                  4. The company deals only in the Italian foods and therefore has a small market.                                              4. The grocery specializes in only grocery items and is unable to fully serve or satisfy its customers. e.g., the professionals find other products somewhere else                                                                                                                                5. Increase in total expenses with net profit still declining as shown in the income statement.                                                                     External factors Opportunities                                                                                                                                                               Threats
Myths can be discussed as the important elements of each culture because ancient people expressed their vision of the world and its laws in the form of mythological stories as the attempt to explain the unfamiliar objects and processes. Thus, myths included the description of the processes which nature was rather difficult to be understood by the ancient people. That is why, a lot of myths which are presented in different cultures are based on the similar topics, but the details of the myth can be various. From this point, the theme of the world creation is one of the most popular topics of myths, and the creation myth is typical for different cultures. To understand the significance of the creation story for different cultures and explore the particular features of the myth, it is necessary to focus on the Mesopotamian myth known as the Enuma Elish, on the Pelasgian myth characteristic for the Greek culture, and on the Egyptian myth about Atum. Although the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek cultures developed their own mythological stories based on the topic of the world creation, these myths have a lot of similarities which accentuate the common form of the creation myth and its significance for different cultures. The problem of the world’s beginnings is one of the most controversial points for the discussion today. Furthermore, it is the central idea of many ancient myths. According to Murtagh, “at the foundation of nearly every culture is a creation myth that explains how the wonders of the earth came to be” (Murtagh). The ancient people could not understand the world processes and explained them with the help of mythological imagery. Different cultures used their own approaches to explaining the birth of the Universe, but the basic aspects of the process are similar because they depend on the people’s beliefs, values, and expectations. According to people’s visions, the world can have its origin from the chaos or water, and the myths where the earth emerges out of water are known as diver myths (Murtagh). For instance, the story of creating the world out of water as a result of the struggle with the chaos is depicted in the Mesopotamian Enuma Elish. The role of the water and chaos is also significant for the Pelasgian creation myth. Furthermore, the watery chaos Nu is accentuated in the Egyptian creation myth as the roots of the Universe. The role of water in the creation stories can be explained with references to the role of water in the ancient people’s everyday life as it was in Egypt or in the Mesopotamian territories. Nevertheless, it is possible to determine various actors as the world creators in different cultures. It is stated in the Enuma
Introduction Entrepreneurship is a concept that has transformed the lives and achievements of many people across the world. Governments and international agencies have managed to implement different programs to encourage more people to engage in business-related activities. Such initiatives are usually capable of addressing the problem of absolute poverty. The emergence of small-scale and middle-size ventures in every region across the world is attributable to the efforts of these international organizations. In the recent past, researchers have been keen to identify the leading personality attributes many successful entrepreneurs possess. Business theories and organizational models have postulated that the development of adequate traits is something that can take an investor from one level to the next. Proper knowledge of entrepreneurs’ appropriate behaviors, personalities, competencies, and variables can guide more people to start their ventures and manage them successfully. The paper below presents a detailed study aimed at understanding the major attributes associated with different entrepreneurs. Background Information Entrepreneurs play a significant role in the development or growth of every economy. Lambert defines an entrepreneur as a founder, manager, and owner of a new business entity. Such a professional usually focuses on innovative ideas, processes, products, procedures, markets, or services to achieve his or her objectives within the shortest time possible. Over the years, experts in the field of business have asserted that entrepreneurs should be ready to develop the most appropriate competencies and skills if they want to emerge successfully. This kind of knowledge has encouraged many people to pursue academic programs and training that resonate with their business types or expectations (Lightfoot). However, only a small fraction of such individuals manage to start and grow their businesses successfully (Hu). This means that many new ventures are usually at risk of failing within the first three or four years (Lightfoot). Such an observation has forced many researchers and organizational theorists to address this issue from an evidence-based approach or perspective. Within the past decade, experts have shifted their studies and analyses to focus on the area of personality traits. Their findings have echoed most of the ideas that different scholars in the field of entrepreneurship have presented in the past (Hicks). This kind of co
Introduction Material culture is one of the broadly debated topics which have attracted a lot of attention especially when attempting to determine the value attached to commodities. In this regard, authors suggest that the value, use, and meaning of commodities keep on changing during their historical evolution in accordance to people’s perspectives, preferences, and culture among other human aspects. This implies that they do not occupy a position in the society that could be defined constantly across cultures and time spells. These authors have further exemplified their sentiments by portraying how selected material things acquire different meaning in various contexts. In line with cultural change of value, this paper will focus on how authors have articulated their opinions in regard to material culture, select three items that have been used to exemplify it, and draw conclusions on how fashionable objects relate to this culture. Authors on Material Culture Various authors have profoundly focused on the ideology of material culture expressing their different views and depictions of how commodities acquire diverse meanings across cultures. Appadurai (1986) while expressing his views on material culture, ventured into describing the social life of commodities in a cultural perspective. He suggested that commodities cannot be described satisfactorily by virtue of a single definition without considering how their meaning change in different cultures (Appadurai, 1986). Further, he opposed the idea that the history of commodities can exhaust their biography arguing that their interpretation is always subjected to individual manipulation and perspective (Appadurai, 1986). This implies that the value attached to a commodity can hardly be determined resolutely in order to give a conventional meaning which could apply in all contexts. Pels (2010) developed a similar argument while attempting to determine the magical nature of commodities and when they should be regarded as extraordinary. He pointed out that a commodity cannot become magical without the intervention of human intentions towards it (Pels, 2010).
Human beings have little control over natural disasters; they can hardly prevent natural disasters occurrences. However certain human activities trigger the occurrence of natural disasters. When natural disasters strike, they are destructive; in areas that are highly prone to occurrence of natural disasters, policy makers should enact risk management policies to ensure in proper natural disaster prediction and management. The United State is prone to number of natural disasters that include earth quakes, hurricanes, tornados, blizzards (Winter Storm), floods, and Disease Epidemics (Barnes 2-12). This paper identifies a probable natural disaster likely to strike Indiana University Board (IUB); the natural disaster to be discussed is hurricane. Identification and selection of Hurricane The natural disaster likely to affect Indiana University Board (IUB) is a hurricane. In the fast changing environmental conditions, triggered by human activities and natural occurrences, there are high chances that IUB will suffer a hurricane. Hurricanes are strong destructive winds which originate from large water bodies like sea or ocean; when the winds reach the land surface near to the water body, the speed they reach with becomes destructive. According to National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), areas near large water bodies are more vulnerable to hurricanes, excessive rain and generally bad weather conditions than those in far land masses. The location of Indiana University Board (IUB) is near a water body thus including it to among those areas that are prone to hurricanes. According to Monroe County Sheriff‘s Office, 2007, there are 50 chances the county will experience a hurricane in the next seven years (National Climatic Data Center). History of Monroe County , the location of the college, shows that there has been hurricane attacks in the region, in 1989, there was a hurricane called Hurricane Hugo which was followed by yet another one three years later called Hurricane Andrew. Hurricane Hugo remains in history as the largest and most destructive hurricane to have occurred in the region having a speed of 139 miles per hour and caused 23 deaths. Hurricanes can only be predicted four days before their occurrence thus the county and the company need to be vigilant to avoid last minute rush. Vulnerability Factors IUB has numerous structures that are controlled by people and students that in the event a hurricane attack, the facility will suffer huge losses. The structures at risk include the buildings, facilities like departments, lecture halls, servant and lecturer premises, student’s hostels, and sporting structures. other than the structures , which can be rebuild after an attack, there are people, who are in the facility at the time of the attack, they range from tutors, students, other non teaching staffs, and people contracted to carry out certain projects within the university. The destruction can be massive. in the event there is a strike the economic environment of the university and the people living and depending with