ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The General Relationship between the UAE and Yemen Although the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is small in size, it has emerged as one of the most significant forces in the Middle East. Prior to 2011, the UAR had a comparatively conventional relationship with Ali Abdullah Saleh’s Sanaa regime (Clausen, 2018). Since the early 2000s, UAE’s involvement in discussions related to Yemen’s security reform increased; this led to the development of new security and military elite clustered around Saleh’s family members (Clausen, 2018). The Arab Spring uprising spread rapidly to Yemen in 2011, with several protesters emerging against Saleh’s regime (Clausen, 2018). The Yemeni Civil War took ground in 2015, with Saudi Arabia and UAE involving themselves in the war. The UAE became part of a Saudi-led coalition, responding to calls from Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi, who requested military support after being ousted by the Houthi movement due to political and economic grievances. Dogan-Akkas (2021) identifies the Yemeni Civil War as an Arab Spring outcome and an element that triggered significant conflicts and disagreements among the states within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The UAE became heavily invested in intervening in the war in Yemen and made huge strides towards ending the war. When the UAE entered Yemen for intervention, its primary mission was to manage its most essential foreign policy priority. The Emirati de facto ruler and crown prince Mohammed bin Zayed decided that joining forces with its immediate neighbor would help to strengthen forces and make them stronger (Clausen, 2019). Therefore, it carved out a niche together with Saudi Arabia to achieve its end objective. Although the UAE withdrew its forces from Yemen recently, it achieved great success in its intervention and reaped many benefits. The UAE can claim to have been successful in its intervention in Yemen because of different factors. These include establishing a solid footing in the south and learning a lot about projecting its power in a country that was marred with war (Clausen, 2019). This paper examines the factors that led to the UAE’s success in the Yemen intervention. Factors that led to UAE’s Success in Yemen Interventions The UAE worked hard to manage its relations with Washington and made this its a most significant priority. The Emiratis aligned with the American administration, especially on the Iran policy and the Saudi government, an approach distinguished as bandwagoning (Dogan-Akkas, 2021). Bandwagoning relates to the act of abiding by a powerful opponent’s foreign policy choices to avoid or prevent military or political clashes concerning regional affairs (Dogan-Akkas, 2021). According to Dogan-Akkas (2021), the bandwagoning approach with the US in the course of these int
Religious beliefs are important elements of human life because they influence how people choose to live and make decisions. Most people believe in the existence of supernatural powers which are responsible for shaping their future about many aspects, including the person’s social and financial status. In spite of the fact that religious principles are associated with the importance of maintaining peace, love, and charity, the modern world of religious expression is mostly based on the economic factors which are closely interrelated in the people’s consciousness with not only religious ideals and values but also with political doctrines and principles of religious fundamentalism. The modern religious expression can often be discussed as a product of a man’s intention to become wealthier. Many people believe that economic success can improve their living conditions, and the improvement of the financial state can be the main desire expressed with the help of daily praying. Although religious groups and leaders usually advocate that the hard work and patience are the key principles necessary to reach the prosperity, there is a tendency to defeat negative thinking as the barrier to the wealth (Nongbri 54; Putnam and Campbell 326). Declaring such religious principles that people should not get wealth through stealing, corruption, and other unethical sources, religious leaders can note that “God wants you to be a winner in every area of life” (Putnam and Campbell 326). As a result, a Christian begins to orient to winning at work and in the financial sphere (Putnam and Campbell 327; Welker and Etzelmuller 12). Thus, it is rather surprising to hear direct proclamations that “God rewards his followers and wants them to obtain as much wealth and influence as possible” (Putnam and Campbell 326). However, such proclamations are the reality in many churches, and these statements can form the modern world of religious expression. The religion, politics, religious fundamentalism, social sphere, and economic sphere interrelate and influence people’s life significantly. It is almost impossible to separate religion from politics because politics is about leadership in the secular world, and religion is also about leadership in the religious sphere. Thus, Christians believe that God chooses leaders, and people should respect elected leaders while giving them chances to serve the public. Good leaders must be wise to ensure that they make good decisions which can provide benefits for the society (Hodgson 112). However, there are always representatives of religious fundamentalism who state that the political and social worlds cannot be connected with the religious world. Religious fundamentalism is used to ensure that the Christians do not just practice Christianity for their benefits, but also obey and follow its principles strictly (Welker and Etzelmuller 54). Referring to the social and economic sphe
Introduction The media plays an important role in society. It is difficult to imagine the society without the media. As a result the impact of the media in the society cannot be underestimated. The society is heavily influenced by media, therefore media is part and parcel of the society and it affects the manner in which people relate. Media therefore is an important aspect of the society. Whenever media is being mentioned, people always quickly thing about reporting. There are different ways in which broadcasting of events is done by different types of mass media technologies available and as such media is known for its obligation of revealing facts to the readers. This might be facts concerning events or other aspects of reality. Journalism therefore is of great significance because it is through it that people get to know what is happening around them and even in other places far away from them. There are different forms of journalism which largely depends upon the content and nature of the message being broadcasted. Investigative journalism has become popular as a form of journalism. Normally it involves the analysis and investigation of an aspect that is closely followed up by the public. This form of journalism has been popular for the exposure of corruption and other social and administrative lapses in the society. Investigative journalism has a lot of significance and plays an important role in the modern society. However it has its own risk and challenges some of which threaten the personnel involved in it. The aim of this paper i
Convectional system Conventionally system refers to a system where menu products are prepared within the same area where the food items are supplied and detained for a short period when they are either cold or hot (Palacio & Theis, 2009, p. 34). Through the system, quality control is achieved through the quality of components, menus, and recipes chosen by the director. The system is adjustable to the society, regional, personal, and cultural preferences of its clients. Thirdly, from an economic perspective, larger elasticity is achievable in creating menu modifications to obtain the advantage of purchasing cheaper products at the market and seasonal changes. Moreover, the system requires smaller freezer storage compared to the other systems. Convectional system generates an uneven stressful workday which results from meal period demands. Since the menu varies everyday, the workloads differ, thus, it become hard for employees to obtain high productivity. In addition, scheduling employees might be hard with several shifts. The rationale for the system is that it uses an experienced man power for food generation for a period of 13-14 hours daily. With sufficient food generation tools and presence of experienced man power, food products might be acquired with restricted amounts of processing. Ready-prepared system Food preparation is done within the premises; the products are then frozen and stored for later usage. This system was established in order to counteract the significant inadequate and high cost of manpower. Ready-prepared system helps in minimizing the challenges regarding workloads present in convectional system. There is minimization in labor costs, advanced quantity, and quality control through reducing employment stress associated with generation deadlines. There is also developed nutrient preservation by reducing the period food is retained in the serving temperature variation. The administration has close regulation on the menu choice, the quantity, and quality of component. Ready-prepared system has disadvantages where it requires a big cold freezer and storage area that occupy space and increases the energy expenses. Food equipment such as freezers is expensive to buy. The rationale for ready-prepared system involves mass-generation and freezing of food items which might lower labor expense through more efficient utilization of man power in chosen circumstances. Peak need for man power might be eradicated since generation is created to achieve prospective instead of daily requirements (Unklesbay, 1997, p. 424). Commissary System This is a big, central generation cooking area with centralized provisions of buying and transportation of packed provisions to satellite area situated in remote places for ultimate preparation and service (Palacio & Theis, 2009, p. 38). This system saves cost because of
A mortgage is a loan that banks and other lenders offer to their customers to purchase a property or home. Since the repayment of this loan takes a long time, it is prudent to be aware of how to do mortgage calculations to make an informed decision. When acquiring a home mortgage, most lending institutions usually approve a loan of up to 80% of the home value, though some banks can even cover the entire amount (Corporate Finance Institute, 2020). Once the mortgage is approved, the customer is meant to repay the loan by making monthly payments determined by several factors. These factors include the home value, the down payments, the mortgage types, and the interest rates. The home value is critical because it is determined by the amount of mortgage a borrower can qualify to get from a bank. When calculating the monthly repayment amount, the higher the home’s value, the more mortgage and the monthly payment. Another essential factor to consider is the down payment of the house. This is the amount of money the loan applicant contributes towards buying the home (Corporate Finance Institute, 2020). Most lending institutions do not offer the entire mortgage amount since they expect the customer to show some interest and commitment to acquiring the property. By making a higher down payment towards a house, the amount one needs to borrow reduces significantly, and so does the monthly payment amount. The two types of mortgages that exist are fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages. On the one hand, the fixed-rate mortgage offers an established interest rate that does not change over time. This means that the amount paid every month is known, and therefore, the borrower can budget for this amount in advance since there are no extra charges in the subsequent months (Corporate Finance Institute, 2020). On the other hand, adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) come with an interest rate that changes over the mortgage’s lifetime. Consequently, this implies that the monthly repayment amount is not guaranteed and can change often. Another factor affecting the monthly repayment amount is the loan’s interest rate (Corporate Finance Institute, 2020). The higher the interest rate, the more the lender will earn from the mortgage. Subsequently, the homebuyer will pay a higher monthly repayment amount if the mortgage’s interest rate is high. The factor that surprised me the most is the adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), which fluctuate in interest rates. The mortgage calculations revealed that if the mortgage interest rate increases significantly, then the mortgage repayment amounts can become so high to the extent that the borrower cannot meet. This, in turn, will lead to loan default, and the borrower can lose their property through foreclosure. Despite this risk, AMRs are popular because the homeowner can acquire a mortgage at a low interest and hope that their income will also have increased as the interest rate increases. To ensure that I pay the least amount for the house over the loan’s life, I would secure the mortgage at
The essay Sexual Selection written by Charles Darwin is aimed at explaining the process sexual selection in various species and its relation to evolutionary forces. The author argues that certain physiological traits and behavior patterns of animals can be attributed to their “sexual struggle” and attempts to attract a partner (Darwin, 94). Darwin uses description mode in order to substantiate his arguments. Overall, this essay can be regarded as an example of interpretive writing because Darwin strives to show there is a certain trend that can explain various sex differences in species. This essay strives to attain a referential aim which is to explain a certain phenomenon. Charles Darwin advances a thesis according to which the development of species is significantly shaped by their willingness to achieve reproductive success. The author believes that to a certain extent, the development of animals is shaped in two ways: through their struggles against same-sex rivals, mostly males, and through their attempts to “charm or excite” the member of the opposite sex (Darwin, 94). Darwin’s thesis represents a generalization of evidence that he managed to collect. The writer admits that there are certain exceptions that he cannot account for, for example, lack of sexual differences in lower organisms (Darwin, 94). Furthermore, one should say that Darwin chooses formal and more academic language in order to maintain the accuracy and clarity of discussion. This strategy is consistent with referential aim of this essay. Overall, his evidence and line of reasoning are quite interesting, but they still require further examination. The author presents his example mostly in the form of a description. For example, Darwin mentions pheasants that have long ornamental plumage of exquisite shading. Yet, their wings are entirely unsuitable for flight (Darwin, 95). Darwin conjectures that this physical trait can be explained by the attempts of these birds attract the attention of the opposite side to their plumage (Darwin, 95). In his opinion, in the course of evolution pheasants’ wings and plumage were used primarily for courtship, rather than flight. Similar, male’s attempts to overpower the rivals of the same sex resulted in their development of certain body parts. Overall, Darwin argues that such traits as strength of body, courage, various ornamental appendages, musical organs of birds can be the result of choices that both male and female animals made while selecting their partners (Darwin, 96). As it has been said before, his discussion of evidence is very thought-provoking, but there are several limitations. For example, Darwin refers to pheasants in order to demonstrate that struggle for rep
Introduction To many people the technology with its liberality has been and always will be a bridge to the future. To many others, however, it has been a source of concern for a long time. The modern technological advances are such that the questions and problems that three decades ago would have arisen only in science fiction today have become pressing matters, at least in the terms of the labor market. The media arouses the suspicions that in a short-term perspective the robots and computers will deprive people of their jobs. On the other hand, there exists an opinion stating that progress would allow people to perform less routine work and devote more time to their families, hobbies and leisure, provided that the level of income will not be reduced. Both of these beliefs have a right to exist, and although it would be difficult to describe every way modernization influences the ways of employment, and eventually will influence the everyday life the society was used to, some of the most prominent examples, such as self-driving vehicles and autonomous industrial machines deserve a more detailed examination. The nature of technology Autonomous driving is an example of technology that has recently turned from being a concept to an actual and substantial solution. The idea has been under development for many years, and some breakthroughs had been made as early as the 1980-s, but the real effort has been put into the research of this technology at the beginning of the XXI century by Google Inc. and other major companies, for example, automotive giants Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Renault, Nissan, and Peugeot-Citroen, as well as numerous research organizations. Today even a distinction between “self-driving” and “autonomous” vehicles has been defined, according to an article in “The Economist Explains”: Autonomous cars will look like the vehicles we drive today … these cars will take over from the driver under certain circumstances… Self-driving cars are a stage further on. The steering wheel will disappear completely and the vehicle will do all the driving using the same system of sensors, radar and GPS mapping that autonomous vehicles employ. (“Why autonomous and self-driving cars are not the same” par. 2) Such vehicles include not only passenger cars but also trucks, buses, and other industrial machines. The article by M. Bertoncello and D. Wee from McKinsey & Company brings forward a conservative prediction that by 2020-2022 the autonomous vehicles will become a solid reality for some industrial environments, like farming and mining, where the limited number of necess
Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism is among the oldest and highly influential religions in the world. It refers to a system of beliefs founded in Persia by Zoroaster in the 6 th Century BC (Rose 9). Zoroaster was an Iranian prophet and introduced his followers to Ahura Mazda as their deity. The religion set forth in the Zend-Avesta bases its teachings on the concept of struggle between good and evil (Hartz 18). The Avesta is the religion’s book of law, which contains an anthology of petrified writings gathered together over several centuries. Once ranked as the most influential religions in the world, Zoroastrianism started fading during the turn of the 7 th Century after Muslims managed to conquer Persia, modern-day Iran (Waterhouse 100). Currently, the religion has more than 2.6 million followers in the world, although most of them live in Iran and India. In India, the religion is referred to as Parsiism. The religion has two major features about the concept of God. First, there is a monotheism that believes in only one God (Hartz 24). Second, there is a dualism that applies the doctrine where reality consists of two basic opposing elements such as good and evil or mind and body (Hartz 27). According to the teachings of Zoroastrianism, human beings can make free choices. However, they warn that the choices have a huge impact on their destiny, thus the need to make the right ones (Waterhouse 123). The religion practices initiation rituals for young boys when they attain the age of seven in India. Fire towers are a common element of Zoroastrianism beliefs. They are mainly used during Yasna , which is a major ceremony that involves sacrificing the sacred liquor (Rose 33). The fire has to stay burning throughout the ceremony. Hinduism Hinduism refers to a body of religious and philosophical cultural practices based on a caste system characterized by a belief in a supreme being of many forms and natures (Rosen 17). It is common among people in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. The religion’s teachings are founded on the view that opposing theories apply as elements of one eternal truth based on a desire for liberation from earthly evils (Doniger 51). Information about the real origin and founder of Hinduism is not known because most of its historic sacred texts were never dated. Hinduism is organized in a system where some followers consider Shiva as their God, while others recognize Brahman (Doniger 69). One of the most important documents for followers of this religion is Vedas. They are sacred writings of Hinduism written in early Sanskrit, an ancient official language of India that is now used only for religious purposes (Michaels 92). Brahmans, which refer to the priestly class often apply as the symbol of authority in Hinduism along with the Vedas. Hinduism believes in promoting a culture of diversity and a sense of unity among its adherents. Some of the notable themes promoted through the teachings of Hinduism include Dharma , Karma , Moksa , and Yoga . Dharma refers to an ancient sage in
Introduction Strategic management involves activities that are conducted by a company’s management in regard of resources and performance in the external business environment (Meyer, 2008). For effective strategic management, a company must develop projects and programs that are in line with its mission, vision and objectives, and then allocate proper resources that will facilitate the implementation of the projects and plans (Hamel & Prahalad, 1989). Studies conducted by management theorists have shown that successful strategic management has to develop from the stakeholder expectations. Strategic management is very important for multinational companies such as Toyota which operate in a heavily competitive environment. It is of interest to understand how such companies employ strategic management to stay ahead. Therefore, this paper will use Toyota as a case study, and it will establish discuss the company from a strategic perspective. The paper will particularly establish the following: opportunities that are available for Toyota to move forward in the competitive automotive manufacturing and sales environment; determine the threats faced by Toyota; and establish actions that are being taken to capitalize on the opportunities and address the threats faced. Opportunities for Toyota to move forward in the competitive automotive manufacturing and sale environment Toyota Motor Corporation Group (TMC) is a large multinational conglomerate that includes automotive and non-automotive companies (Takahashi, 2011). This section will concentrate on the automotive segment of TMC. Toyota has a number of strategic opportunities that are mainly attributed to its innovative team. For more than a decade the company has concentrated on developing environmentally friendly cars. Indeed, the world’s most environmentally friendly car is a Toyota (schimitt, 2011). The continued commitment to the development of an environmentally friendly car has developed a good reputation for the Company. Advanced technologies developed by the Company have enabled it to develop environmentally friendly cars. Toyota Prius and Lexus have hybrid variants that are increasing in popularity. Factors such as increased fuel prices are leading to the increased demand for hybrid vehicles, and Toyota is leading the pack. Toyota uses a special technology for its hybrid vehicles. The innovation is so advanced that other companies have rushed in to purchase it and, therefore, take advantage of the increasing market demand for hybrid vehicles. This implies that Toyota has an opportunity to grow