ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The most violent and terrible sort of power is coercion. Individuals utilize their knowledge in forcing others to do what they are not willing to do. In his work Green Grass, Running Water , Thomas King says that being able to embrace oneself with one’s social traditions may assist a human being in misguided aspects of living. Lionel has strayed from his tradition since he sells televisions, implying that he has lost touch with his Indian roots. This is according to Eli, who considers societal norms strange and unsuitable for Lionel because of his Indian background (Petkovic, 2017). Lionel had continually put off going to college or doing something constructive. Thus, he should embrace his identity as he never understands where he belongs due to his dream of becoming John Wayne, a character who has been the hero of the western world. As a result, Lionel gaining his heritage with the assistance of four Indian deities is among the story’s primary themes. Ever since he first encountered these individuals, he thinks of them like the four old Natives who are a little stupid and chant off-key. However, they are goddesses from historic creation myths from the natives. These deities include First Lady, Changing Lady, Thought Lady, and Old Lady. Hence, they consecutively adopt the personalities of the Lone Ranger, Ishmael, Robinson Crusoe, as well as Hawkeye throughout the tale, demonstrating how Indigenous ideology wins over colonists’ myths (Petkovic, 2017). Similarly, Lionel must learn to be happy with his original culture, abandon his goal of becoming John Wayne, and return to the Indigenous circle to which he fits. Lionel identifying himself and his individuality will enable him to reconnect spiritually and physically with the family, and no more sorrow will ever be experienced in the household again. This suggests that his link to his social community has indeed been severed, and he is incomplete with the absence of his racial identity. The story’s plot would change by him realizing his individuality in that the tale incorporates the past, current and prospective, mythological time, real-time, and personal experiences. Some of the main topics of Green Grass, Running Water is reinforcing Lionel’s local identity, societal and fictitious ties, and repositioning their connection with the characters’ time and location, as can be observed in the four times narrative’s recounting of the iterations. Although Lionel Red Dog is unsure of his identity, he is confident that he aspires to be John Wayne. In being precise, he refers to the fictional John Wayne, a hero who never loses an encounter. White people appear to be succeeding in anything in the environment surrounding them. This is not only in films but also in employment, training, healthcare, and science. However, the reservations he hails from have issues like drunkenness and despair, which makes him feel embarrassed of his people. He would believe that the whites are not the only winners, but as an Indian, he too would be a winner by em
Introduction Identification of personality, otherwise the self, is an interesting subject in philosophical studies. Psychologists argue that people start trying to define the self from a small age. They also argue that people are always trying to find what defines them. Since they realize their bodies are different from other items within their environment at a small age (Lumsden 5-6). Interestingly, this discovery begins a journey towards the discovery of personality. There are different views on this idea from the readings in Hallman’s Traversing Philosophical Boundaries . The different writers whose works feature in this book have different opinions on individualism and its relation to the mind and body. In philosophy, it is difficult to explain this because people have different opinions about themselves. These opinions shape a person’s description of him or herself. This becomes clear from the readings gathered in the book. The different writers offer varied explanations on this subject. This paper analyzes their opinions and selects the writer who gives the best description of identity. From the readings published, I can infer that John Locke gives the most convincing view of personality in his reading On Personal Identity . Main body Locke holds that people’s conscious memories explain their views and convictions on the self and their self-identification. He explains that humans have a conscious mind, which influences their opinions on individuality in whatever situation they currently. In addition, he argues identity relates to the mind because it is a result of it and not the body or the soul (Hallman 10-11). Experiences shape people’s views and perceptions of an individual. In my own opinion, this is the best explanation of individuality out of all the definitions in the readings. Other authors such as Derek Parfit (Hallman 51-57), try to offer the same explanation, but they do not connect the personality with the mind and soul. On the other hand, John Locke offers insight into how the mind affects people’s opinions of identity (Hallman 10-11). His main argument is that memories
Case Study Roger Nowak is a 76-year old Caucasian man, presenting to the hospital’s emergency care unit with complaints, chief of which is Shortness of breath, and body weakness. Roger is reportedly an alcoholic, with a bleeding GI and a loss in kidney functions, presented in anemia. Roger has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and hyperlipidemia, and is currently on medication including Metformin, Victoza, Lisinopril, atorvastatin, aspirin, prilosec, and pepto Bismol as needed. Upon further assessment and analysis of results, the patient is found to have a reduced hemoglobin count as well as MCV counts, which might have developed the inability to breath, and general body weakness, and anemia. Diagnosis The patient is diagnosed with shortness of breath with weakness in asthma. Etiology of Shortness of Breath in the Patient Shortness of breath(SOB) can be caused by many, though most of the Shortness of breath results from cardiovascular and lung conditions, as the main organs involved in the transfer of oxygen to various body tissues while eliminating carbon dioxide (Nair et al., 2017). Shortness of breath can, therefore, be either be chronic from cases such as Asthma or acute from cases instances as COVID-19, Asthma, or as a result of blockages in the breathing system (Azer, 2020). Because As Rogers presents with hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension, the shortness of breath experienced might have resulted from pulmonary hypertension. This is because pulmonary hypertension affects an individual by limiting the supply of oxygenated blood to the lungs and can cause serious challenges, including heart failure or death. The shortness of breath is known to be a primary cause of Asthma, whereas the asthmatic state of an individual also has the capabilities of influencing shortness of breath as a result of the lung irritations associated with asthma (Anzueto & Miravitlles, 2017).The patients inability to breath properly has further affected the Red blood cells production, given the the oxygen supply to the body has reduced remarkably, thus preventing the full production of red blood cells in the body. Pathophysiology of SOB Several reasons come in to invoke changes in an individuals breathing system,
Abstract Careful management of challenges in any company is very important. Successor failure of a company is pegged on the way problems are handled when they arise. This is considered critical if the company is operating at a global level. BHP Billiton is a successful global mining company located in Australia. The company was in a fix after making a decision postponing the expansion of its major projects (Ker, 2012). This paper analyses the problems that arose after the delay in expanding the projects. The paper also looks at how the company tackled these problems, how successful it was in solving related problems, and the best practices it should have adopted, and the lessons learnt. Introduction BHP Billiton is one of the largest companies in terms of natural resources. The company has a wide variety of natural resources that include: Aluminium, copper, coal, iron ore, manganese, silver, nickel, titanium and uranium. This makes the company be among the largest world producers of these major commodities. In addition, the company has substantial interests in the mining of oil and gas. BHP Billiton is a global company operates in six continents with offices based in over 100 countries throughout the world (Dick, 2007). The workforce of the company is made up of about 100,000 employees and contractors. The company’s main mission focuses on establishing a lasting shareholder value of natural resou
Flannery O’Connor and William Faulkner can be viewed as the most distinguished representatives of the literary style known as Southern Gothic. In their works, they often explore the lives of individuals who cannot adjust to cultural and social changes. In many cases, these people prefer to reject these changes or turn a blind eye to them. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about such short stories as A Rose for Emily and A Good Man is Hard to Find . In particular, one should speak about Emily Grierson described by Faulkner and the unnamed Grandmother who is the main character of Flannery O’Connor’s short story. In both cases, the authors describe the tragedy or unavoidable fall of a person. Apart from that, the protagonists have many common character traits which eventually lead to the unavoidable demise of these people. In particular, the writers attempt to show that moral righteousness, unfounded sense of prestige, and unwillingness to recognize one’s mistakes result in the self-destruction of an individual. Nevertheless, the authors use different literary devices in order to explore this theme. These are the main questions that should be discussed in greater detail. In the literary context, the term tragedy implies that the fall of a person is unavoidable. To some degree, this idea is stressed in both short stories. In turn, the readers can see that the tragedy is unavoidable because both characters try to reject reality. In order to highlight this idea, the writers focus on the values and worldviews of the characters who prefer to live in the imaginary world of their past. It is much more convenient to act in this way; nevertheless, they disregard the dangerous consequences of this behavior on the lives of other people. These people want to emphasize the idea that they belong to the elite layers of the Southern society. For example, Emily states that she does not have to pay taxes. In particular, she believes that the previous mayor of the town, Colonel Sartoris freed her from this duty. Yet, she does not want to consider that Colonel Sartosis died many years ago, and her claims cannot be supported in any way. Moreover, she does want to her house to be numbered as every other house in the town. In this way, she wants to distinguish herself from other members of the community. One should bear in mind that during the antebellum period, Emily’s family was among the most distinguished ones in the town. So, this character desperately tries
Environment The risks involved with polar expeditions were great. These expeditions led to great failure because pack ice destroyed their ships. Many sailors were lost in the missions when their ships disappeared. For example, the Canadian Stefansson’s expedition to the Arctic led to the loss of the ship and eleven sailors died. In addition, the expenses incurred during expeditions were high and required funding. Despite the risks, the exploration industry was full of adventures and it was a great opportunity to discover new regions in the north and south. It was a great accomplishment when some sailors went home alive after making new discoveries. Many nations decided to make a voyage to the South Pole thus stiff competition prevailed (Koehn, 2003). The transcontinental expedition involved numerous risks. The Weddell Sea known for its huge and volatile ice floes was a great threat. There was also the problem of impassable ice and unstable currents. Shackleton organization Shackleton was very successful in the marine industry because, at twenty-four, he achieved the level of full master. He was made eligible to command a profit-making ship. Many sailors admired Shackleton because of his humble and social character. Shackleton’s presence in the National Antarctic Expedition (NAE) associated him with an exploration that was regarded as epic. The expedition required men of great courage, and great endurance because of harsh weather. Shackleton possessed all these qualities. The Britain expedition faced some challenges. All the members in the NAE had no experience of the polar expedition (Koehn, 2003). Britain explorers had no experience with using dogs and skis to travel over ice like the Norwegian explorers. Additionally, Britain had a shortage of skilled men who could make vessels that tolerated harsh climate. The provision of good food was also a challenge. On
Dealing with qualitative research demands the researcher to have a clear focus on the main techniques and requirements this research method has towards the studies carried out with its help. The “big three” among these requirements consist of research validity, ethical considerations, and integrity. The importance of these concepts becomes even more prominent if the topic of the proposed research, i. e. recidivism among juvenile delinquents and the effect of programs intended to reduce its rates, comes into play. In this paper, these three basics of qualitative research, i. e. validity, ethical considerations, and integrity will be considered in the context of their practical use in juvenile recidivism research. The first point to be always present in qualitative research is validity. According to Shank (2006), this concept “deals with the notion that what you say you have observed is, in fact, what really happened” (p. 111). Drawing from this definition, validity becomes critically important to qualitative research as the tool used by scholars to inquire about the true reasons for certain events. In the research, validity is also vitally significant, and it will be ensured by the purely scholarly approach to the study and by the supervision of the research process and results reporting by both peer scholars and outside observers and assessors, whose main task will be to monitor the objectivity and the very validity of results actually obtain and results made public. Needless to say, ethical considerations are also significant for the procedure of the qualitative research, especially the one involving interviewing as one of the tools, or the only one, of gathering basic research data. According to Patton (2002), interviews are powerful intervention instruments that sometimes reveal certain data that an interviewee might not even know of him/herself before the procedure (p. 405). In the research dealing with juvenile delinquency, recidivism in it, and the effectiveness of the programs designed to reduce it, ethical considerations are especially important in such interviews. To ensure the ethics of the interviews, this research will make sure that all the questions used are ethical in the wide sense of the concept and do not lead to obtaining any unnecessary or potentially conflict-related data. Finally, research integrity is also important in qualitative studies, as it is necessary to ground the reported research results and conclusions. As Schram (2006) argues, there are three major concerns the researcher has to face regarding integrity; they are possible effects of the researcher’s presence on the results obtained, potential selective experience, and engaged subjectivity of results (p. 133). To ensure the integrity of the juvenile recidivism study, the researcher will maximally limit his/her influence upon the setting of the interviews and respondents’ answers to the questions set. Furthermore, the researcher will try to address all the data obtained without selectivity biases, and finally treat all the data obtained as equally important for the research outcomes (Trochim W. M. K., & Donnelly, 2006, p. 187). Thus, validity, ethi
Introduction In the last two to three decades, the world has experienced unprecedented economic growth in all spheres of economy. Despite such encouraging progress in the economy, the gap between the poor and rich people has widened. The rich are getting richer as the poor get poorer. Further, the world has moved to a more integrated and globalised economy where there is interrelatedness between nations of the world. Although such globalisation might ideally mean more prosperity for nations based on their increased accessibility and market interaction levels, it has instead acted to increase economic inequalities among societies and nations. In addition, at the global political stage, the powerful countries have amassed more power. Periphery countries are becoming less influential in the political and economic realms. While trying to explain the growing disparities in wealth and power in the global political economy, different scholars have advanced different theories. Of the many theories and approaches, Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-systems analysis has been credited for its detailed analysis of the functioning of the world economy 1 . The theory incorporates different arguments from the existing knowledge in sociology, political science, and economics. However, it significantly shifts from the existing theories of economic development that focus on the nations as independent units that can traverse their own paths towards civilisation and modernity. This paper will analyse whether the world systems analysis has been able to explain successfully the wealth and power inequalities in the world. Further, it will discuss various criticisms that have been put forward against the approach. World-Systems Analysis According to Makki, the world-system analysis, which is also referred to as world-system hypothesis, is a modern macro-sociological viewpoint that regards the changes of capitalism and world economy as a ‘total collective system’ 2 . The theory draws from the tenets of historical sociology and economic history. It is also linked to Immanuel Wallerstein who is credited for building its credibility. According to Jones, developmental theorists have adopted the theory for its synthesis of developmental and unequal opportunities across the world. 3 . Although the theory’s views on capitalism and the global economy differ from those expressed by Marx and Weber, these two theorists have offered a great inspiration to the theory. The main agenda of the theory is that the world as a whole plays an important role in determining the economic and social dynamics between and among nations. In other words, the theory emphasises the world-syst
Introduction This paper presents essays on diverse areas with reference to communication, which is a central pillar in fostering growth and performance in institutions especially in the current competitive environment. Evidently, institutions that seek to leverage their performance should develop strong communication channels without unwarranted bottlenecks that may hinder productivity. That is, institutions should integrate conventional communication channels to aid execution of activities and conveyance of information. It also covers planning and delivery of oral communication where concrete, dating, and paraphrasing are cited as major elements that defines a good speech. Consequently, dynamics of interviews providing requisite incentives for exemplary recruitment of employees is covered. How culture influence different communication Scholars assert that, cultural practices are shared norms and behaviors that shape individuals’ understanding. Culture plays a crucial role in boosting productivity and business growth. Shared norms define individuals’ communication guidelines, language of interaction, and social ideals relevant in ensuring that information relayed serves the intended purpose. Institutions should develop communication channels that embrace diverse cultural practices and expectations of stakeholders. That is, they should understand the language setting and social prospects that influences understanding in various settings. Critically, institutions are also formed with deep rooted cultural practices that define their operations. The development of the practices should be guided by overall objectives and performance aspirations. 1 They are set to drive execution of activities and set precedence that everyone is under obligation to conform to. Major cultural practices in institutions relates to appointments, relationship, interviewing and performance of duties to steer growth. Ideally, cultural practices are greatly influencing operations in most institutions with scholars asserting its significance in defining performance levels. Different cultures Similarity and difference Language and racial perceptions especially on gender parity influences communication in various settings are different practices that influence communication. As noted by scholars language is a cultural value that defines native origin of diverse communities and work relations. It holds major similarity with gender parity issues since they influence transaction of economic and social activities including acceptance of speeches. Due to this, it is prudent for communicators to understand the language and gender issues of the audience to ensure that business communications serves the right purpose. Comparatively, the two elements differ on principles where language disparities present an eminent barrier to effective conveyance of the institutional promotional activities which intern compromises performance. Consequently, gender complications present attitudinal perceptions where some individuals are considered inferior and hold no capacity to holding certain positions. Planning and delivery of oral speech and necessary elements Commu
Introduction The Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) is an important component of biological studies. In this paper, the author examines the structural information about the DNA. To achieve this, the author of this essay examines the opinions of key researchers and scholars in this field. The works of two scholars, Watson and Crick, are examined in this essay. Information about the structure of the DNA is drawn from two manuscripts written by the two aforementioned biologists. In addition, the author of this paper makes a comparison between the structure proposed by the two biologists and the information provided in recent textbooks. Finally, the author will provide a descriptive analysis of how other scholars support the DNA structure proposed by Watson and Crick. The Structural Characteristics and Predictions Put Forth in the Initial Watson and Crick Paper Dated April 25, 1953 Watson and Crick (1953a) propose a structure which, in their opinion, best suits the description of the Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. In proposing the structure of the DNA, the two break away from earlier descriptions made by other scholars in the field. According to Watson and Crick (1953a), the DNA structure is shaped in such a way that it comprises of two helical chains. The biologists point out that the aforementioned helical chains share one axis. When proposing any theory or hypothesis in a given study, researchers are expected to make some assumptions. In the case of Watson and Crick (1953a), chemical assumptions are made to this effect. First, the two authors mention that each of the two chains is made up of phosphate disaster groups (Watson & Crick, 1953a). The two groups join the beta-D-deoxyribofuranose residues. Watson and Crick (1953a) further suggest that the helical chains find relation in dyad at right a