ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Motivation is a commonly used term that can be defined in different ways. The term is derived from the word, motivate which is used to refer to the desires or impulses that make one to do or engage in particular activities or doings. In the context of the work environment, the term motivation can be understood as the commitment, cooperation, and activeness of the employees of an organization to the achievement of organizational goals in the work setting. In the words, as defined by Kirstein, work motivation typically refers to employees’ motivation to perform, stay, and commit themselves in a company to cooperate, lead, or support a leader, help customers, and so forth ( Kirstein, 2010, p.6). Work motivation could also be associated with such factors that tend to energize, direct, and sustain work related behavior (Ellemers, Gilder, and Haslam, 2004). From the aforementioned definitions of the term motivation, it is clear that motivation means different things to different people. As such, different organizations will apply the different aspects of motivation on their employees. Commonly used methods of employee motivation include off duties, incentives, performance appraisals, gifts and holidays just to mention a few. The next section tries to illustrate how workers are motivated in Siemens Company in line with different schools or models of motivation. One of the theories of motivation is the scientific management theory, where motivation relates to work specialization within a narrow defined range and payment systems given to workers according to their work output. Though this theory is not really irrelevant in the modern era, Siemens adopted some of its aspect for instance the use of control however in a different fashion where the worker is expected to be a team player and even make decisions on how best to improve their assignment work. Other factors that can maintain work related behavior are the different needs as postulated by Abraham Maslow, the hierarchy of need. At the very bottom are the basic needs, which include food and shelter or accommodation. Siemens is known to provide an attractive pay thus able to meet the basic needs of its workers. According to this theory, the moment the worker achieves good pay, other incentives tends to count more for instance a good work environment, job security, safety, self worth respect or even self actualization. Siemens provide its workers with some level of security both financial as well as job security. In addition, the company provides an appropriate work environment for its workers to accomplish the rest of their needs in the hierarchy. One of its major projects is the reward scheme for achievement and improvements. Again, the nature of the engineering work itself is interested to workers as it has challenges, which could help them in their career development. Siemens is one company, which allows its staff to take up responsibilit
“ Gamers Make Good Employees” by Wally Bahny It is often the case that gamers are thought of as lazy and underachieving. However, the article “Gamers make good employees” by Bahny (2011) argues against this stereotype by indicating that gamers actually learn a plethora of skills from the massively multiplayer online games that they immerse themselves in. The author points to various examples such as those in the book “The Guild Leader’s Handbook” by Scott F. Andrews that being immersed in an MMORPG as well as its online gaming community actually enables a person to be more ready for change, diversity, learning and subsequent innovation within a variety of job roles and positions. In fact, it is this mental preparedness and versatility that the author emphasizes which actually sets gamers apart from other employees since they would be more likely to be able to tackle challenges that appear due to such traits as opposed to non-gamer employees. “ Teach Your Employees to Think Like Online Gamers” by Jessica Stillman This article by Stillman (2008) emphasizes that employers should get their employees to think like players of massively multiplayer online games due to the 5 beneficial traits that are attributed to the average online gamer. These consist of being able to thrive on change, the ability to look at learning as a “fun” activity, the innovative and oftentimes radical strategies and views developed in order to overcome challenges, the inherent understanding of gamers of the necessity of diversity as well as their inherent desire to be evaluated and compared to other people. When taking all these factors into consideration, it can be seen that your average online gamer has many mental faculties that companies find desirable in their employees, and as such, it is not surprising that Stillman (2008) advocates that a company teach employees how to think more like gamers. “ Gamers Make Good Company Employees” by Christian Kirkman This article from Kirkman enterprises emphasizes that gamers make good company employees since they are able to effectively adapt and work within corporate environments with clearly defined rules and objectives (Christian, 2012). This is due to the fact that is in line with the mentality they developed as a result of playing numerous massively multiplayer online role-playing games wherein they are limited to a select set of rules and gaming elements as defined by the game developer. Not only that, gamers, in particular, are described as “driven” to accomplish certain goals and objectives (which is beneficial for a company) since this is how they were taught to think and act within the gaming world. ABC.net, “Gamers, Make Good Employees” In this short article from ABC.net, it is shown that gamers make good employers since various massively multiplayer online games such as World of Warcraft teach gamers the importance of collaboration and cooperation, which are importan
The overwhelming amount of various goods, such as information, products, services, created related issues in the world. One such problem that requires extreme attention lately is obesity as the percentage of the condition increases. Society needs to learn to use the resources consciously to prevent unfavourable consequences such as environmental issues or various diseases. By understanding the well-known factors such as physical activity and diet, and less examined factors such as neighbourhood environment, one can explore the impact of obesity on society and health and develop strategies to prevent and reduce the obesity rate. The well-known risk factors that contribute to the development of diabetes are decreased physical activity among people and diet. Regarding the cases related to food consumption, overall caloric content is to blame for a population gain. According to the hypothesis in the study conducted by Ravussin and Ryan (2018, p.9), overconsumption of calories has been triggered by an increase in the consumption of highly processed and cheap food. Such food includes an excessive amount of sugar, fat, and salt that is not associated with a healthy diet. The second perspective compares physical activity and states that occupational activity has changed even though formal exercise remains at the same level, which means that people entered a zone of low energy expenditure. The authors also emphasize that environmental changes resulted in improved health as the number of infectious diseases decreased. At the same time, the changes contributed to the development of chronic diseases, and new epidemics are taking place. Even though the risk factors such as decreased physical activity and diet contribute to the development of diab
In the poem ‘Richard Cory’, Edwin Arlington Robinson depicts the theme of spiritual emptiness. The poet uses traditional form combined with lean modern language, a characteristic of American Literary Modernism. The poem is a simple and dramatic account of rich and famous Richard Cory who is adored and envied by the commoners. The poem artistically presents the picture of a perfect man, who is a rich and polite, “gentleman from sole to crown” (line 3). He was “always human when he talked” (line 6). He has the perfect resources for leading a happy life in times when the commoners were struggling to make ends meet. However Richard Cory ends his life in a rather dramatic and shocking manner when “one calm summer night” he “Went home and put a bullet through his head” (line 15-16). The final two lines of the poem candidly inform the reader of Cory’s sudden suicide, symbolizing his spiritual barrenness and discontent with life. In the poem, Robinson paints an enviable and admirable picture of Richard Cory as a fine gentleman who was “richer than a king” (line 9), but commits suicide. The poet exhibits a “renewed sense of responsibility for fellow human beings” through the poignant theme prevailing over the poem (Perkins & Perkins 130). By juxtaposing two strikingly different elements in the poem, economic social success and spiritual vacuum, Robinson leaves the reader with a crucial thought; do social success and wealth connote real happiness? Cory was extremely rich and had all the reasons to be happy, but chose to die by putting a bullet through his head, exposing his misery and spiritual hollowness. Through his modern poetry, Robinson demonstrates the “determination to scatter conventional taboos” (Perkins & Perkins 130). Robinson clearly flits into the genre of American Literary Modernism because the poem is “a renaissance that targeted the fundamental institutions and cultural assumptions of society” (Perkins & Perkins 130). Robinson’s simple yet alluring poetic style makes the poem interesting to read and difficult to forget. What appeals to me most is the juxtaposition of a straightforward classical style with a strong personal and modern intriguing subject. The poem is a calm and lucid account of Richard Cory, who is a rich and happy gentleman by society standards. He has immense monetary possessions which will make him worthy of envy. The simple account of Cory’s flamboyant life is contrasted with his shocking end. Without making the poem too dramatic in content, the poet sends out a clear message – worldly success is not a barometer for happiness. Worldly riches may make life comfortable but fail to bring peace and harmony. The poem is an example of a perfect rhetoric, simple and eloquent, alongside an honest theme projecting brutal reality. In the song, Paul Simon, seems to be intrigued by the richness, flamboyance and so
Capabilities and Core Competence of Barclays Barclays is a global financial institution that offer a variety of services for instance retail and commercial banking services, investment banking and management services, wealth management and credit cards services. Barclays has superior performance as it has been leading in profitability in relation to other institutions involved with banking and financial services. This is shown by the returns it makes on the capital invested. Barclays has been using its resources efficiently especially human resource or employees (over 147,000) through strategic management hence enabling it to maximize its profits. Barclays has managed to utilize modern technology to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in its operation. For example, with the support of Microsoft services and IT consultancy, it managed to develop a back-office solution based on SQL application. This had various advantages, for instance, database queries are solved easily and they no longer slow position updates, performance of web services increased by 30 percent, the capacity to process more trades per second increased and the scalable solutions of the SQL server enhanced growth and development of the institution. The Barclays capital has achieved guaranteed reliability and performance with new fixed income solution. Technology has enabled traders to make good decisions based on the up- to date information they receive from the system. Barclay’s capital is a success due to the upgrading of its trade management system which can now produce increased trade volumes. Barclays has also provided financial and risk management needs solutions. It has proved to be useful to governments, corporate firms, and other institutions. Treasury risk management has been another factor that has led to the success of Barclays bank. It has done this by investing its capital in various treasury centres through which various teams rely on Barclays corporate banking well established units for advice on all financial matters especially on treasury risk management. The Barclays bank works by striking a balance between performance, parti
Introduction The American civil war took place from the year 1861 to 1865. It was triggered by anxiety between the north and south that had lasted for quite a long time. In 1860 after the election of Abraham Lincoln, tensions focused on the rights of states and slavery problems. Months later the confederate states of America were established as a result of the conglomeration of eleven southern states. Southern troops emerged triumphant at the initiation of the war. However, this changed after they were felled in Gettysburg and Vicksburg in 1863 by the north. This is because the northern troops emerged victorious as they conquered the south leading to their surrender in the year 1865. In as much as the causal aspects of the American civil war are numerous, the most distinct is the rivalry between anti-federalists who posited that each state should formulate its own laws; however, the federalists were of a different opinion consequently demonizing slavery. Slavery According to Fellman, Gordon & Sutherland (2003), the north was mainly an industrial hub with manufacturing and processing industries, while the north mainly concentrated on agriculture especially cash crops like tobacco and cotton. As a result, the south depended on the industrial north for success of the economy and trade prosperity. Most importantly, the south had a large number of slaves who worked in the cash crop plantations. Legislators in the US government avoided the issue of slavery and tried to uphold peace between the north and south. However, antislavery views in the north became pervasive and resulted to verbal incongruities because slavery had begun expanding in that region (Fellman, Gordon & Sutherland, 2003). In 1820, the Missouri compromise settled this issue by setting up the boundary dictating which regions slavery was tolerable and where it was not. As evident, the conflict was provisionally stopped by this declaration, however, when the US started stretching towards the west the differences emerged again. This led to the establishment of new precincts in 1850 where California was affirmed an independent state. In addition, the land retrieved from the Mexican war formed the New Mexico and Utah territories. Local authorities in the two territories were permitted to decide between Free states or slavery an act that generated more conflict (Nolen, 2005). Election of Abraham Lincoln The south believed they were losing clutch in congress leadership. On the other hand, the north demanded funding to advance their economy. 1n 1854, Nebraska and Kansas were established as new states with Douglas Stephen backing a bill to give them conventional independence. This made the disparity worse especially with the northerners leading to the founding of the Republican Party that opposed slavery (Rhodes, 2009). The northerners were further provoked when President Buchanan prearranged for Kansas to be declared a slavery state. Furthermore, Congress was stripped of the powers to proscribe slavery in the 1857 by the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case thus exasperating the north. John brown, an antislavery activist, led an incursion at Harper’s ferry in
Introduction Learning is the directed effort to improve the capability and willingness of persons or groups to gain and acquire new skills and knowledge, also lead to growth and maturity to comfortably adapt to changes and challenges that face them in everyday issues (Jarvis, 2005). Learning empowers individuals or groups to make acceptable decisions, solve challenges, and venture to new grounds. In every learning situation, the behavior role-plays as one of the greatest stimuli affecting the level and model of learning administered. Behavior role is the acceptance, judgment, and motivation that the learner has embraced. According to Robert 1991, cognition is the ability of the brain to process, recognize or be aware of existing elements that lead to learning. So all three are interrelated and their functionality is highly dependent on each other. Figure 1. Cognition is the ability of the brain to process, recognize or be aware of existing elements that lead to learning. In the above diagram, the relationship can be observed clearly. If the individual is willing to learn something and is in good mood so for such an individual it is not difficult to Cognate new things, hence it results in learning. Assume that if an individual is forced to learn something and it’s against his wish then obviously that individual would not be in the mood of learning (behavior is negative), hence his mind would refuse to cognate, and at the end, the result would be zero learning. Hence, it is proved that the role of behavior is very significant and it may bring negative or positive results regarding learning. Two Types of Learning There are two types of learning that are prominent among others. The first type is perpetual learning where there is an enhancement to recognized stimuli that have been prior experienced; basically, this improves the identification and categorization of objects and occurrences and the constant changes in the nervous system leading to the motorization of most of the body organs. This type of learning polishes the identification and recognition skills of an individual. So it is continuous learning and this learning helps to make decisions based on previous experiences. The second type of learning is Stimulus-response learning where you are able to react in a certain way were catalyzed by a specific stimulus; you are able to form adequate links between the brain and the organs. Relationship between Learning and Cognition As indicated above; learning cannot happen without being affected by behavior, cognition, and other factors. Joseph 2009 maintained that once the brain has cognition that is it is aware, perceives, reasons, and judges situations,
National Norms and Regulations The patenting system in the USA presupposes strict regulations regarding patent protection in business and other spheres. According to Rustad (2016), Amazon.com received a patent that allowed the company to patent the idea of the affiliation program that was aimed at the owners of the third-party websites who were offered to attract customers to the company’s website for the additional payment. Such a concept was called “one-click” referring. Another idea that Amazon had implemented using such a “one-click” concept was in the following. A customer had the opportunity to make an order making a single click in the case of having a previously saved credit card number and address. The procedure was patented as well. A federal court decided that such a practice of patenting was not appropriate, considering the previous patents of Barnes & Noble that had very similar procedure implemented in the online stores of the company. Amazon proposed to amend the patenting law and make the terms of the patents active state shorter (Rustad 2016). Strict regulations in this area could have made Amazon.com pursue the idea of penetrating foreign markets. National Taxes Amazon.com, as the online retailer, had a focus on global operations from the start of the business operations. The American government has rather clear and simple regulations regarding the taxation of sales. In the case of a company having a brick-and-mortar store in some state, it has to pay both local and national taxes according to the regulations, both local and national. The process of online sales’ taxation seems rather simple, as well. When the company that sells products online is not present in the state physically, it does not have to collect additional taxes. The presence is determined as follows: it is the physical availability of the brick-and-mortar store, or the company’s storage, or an office. According to Lunder and Pettit (2015), “… With the increasing amount of Internet commerce, states have been motivated to develop new ways – “Amazon laws” – to capture uncollected use taxes, while still complying with the U.S. Constitution” (1). It makes the activities of Amazon fall under the legislation that should have made it go global. The idea was to avoid domestic taxation and generate revenue abroad. Lobbying at Home and Abroad One of the most well-known activities of Amazon.com in terms of lobbying its interests in the USA is the famous taxation policy aimed at tax collection in the different states. The company stands for the abolishment of such taxation, as it seems not appropriate to collect taxes for online sales in the states where it is not present physica
A criterion is understood as a yardstick or benchmark used to appraise a decision, project, research, and ideas with the intention of coming up with favorable judgments. It is often in statement form and gives guidelines for making proper decisions. In other words, it is the decider or point of reference before making decisions or judgments (Kerry, 35). My evaluation paper will focus on a website that disseminates information to the public. In the paper, I would start by stating the criteria to be used in the assessment. These will comprise statements that evaluate each element of the paper. After establishing the criteria, I would proceed to evaluate each aspect of the website by vigilantly employing each criterion. Finally, I would conclude by making a rational judgment based on the obtained results. Certain criteria that have to be administered to determine the usefulness of the webpage or website include:   * Efficiency   * Reliability   * Communication ability of a website   * Accuracy – This concentrates on the author with regards to qualification, contact and purpose.   * Authority –This highlights the publisher and listed credentials.   * Objectivity- This concentrates on how detailed the website is.   * Currency- This looks at how regularly the site is updated.   * Coverage- Analyzes the extent to which figures and texts are balanced. Progression in these aspects i.e. in terms of performance would indicate growth whilst a decrease in performance indicates a decline. In the end, these criteria make it easier to determine the usefulness of the website. Reference Kerry, Trevor. Learning objectives, task setting and differentiation . Delta place: Nelson Thornes, 2002 (2) 35