ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cultural competence is the ability of an individual to be aware of the social, economic, religion, and political practices of different groups of people. In professional quarters, educators, researchers, and medical practitioners like nurses and clinicians have to learn cultural competence for effective service delivery. Cultural competence in both the education and health sectors ensure that individuals access quality services despite or in relation to their cultural background. Countries like the United States, which have multicultural diversity, have established systems or strategies to enhance cultural competence within different professions. Cultural competence enhances equality, peace, and human rights when effectively practiced. Cultural and personal awareness among professions is among the strategies established to enhance cultural competence. Nurses, teachers/educators, and community researchers have to understand their cultural background, which allows them to integrate effectively with other people’s cultures like their patients or students while on duty. Moreover, teachers, nurses, and researchers have to learn the cultural practices of different racial groups. For instance, religious affiliation like ‘Jehovah’s Witness’ is against blood transfusion thus a medical practitioner should be aware of such culture to uphold professional competency. Giger and Davidhizar (1991), reminisce a situation where a patient declined blood transfusion after bone marrow transplantation because it was against his cultural beliefs embedded in his religion (p.223). The second strategy is group discussion whereby clinicians, educators and researchers are able to learn about cultural practices of different communities, religions, and races through interaction with colleagues. Eventually, professionals are able to understand the family or traditional systems of the people they serve. The last strategy is to promote openness, friendliness, and flexibility, which promotes effective communication with clients. In an environment where professionals understand their clients’ cultures, clients like patients or students are able to express their cultural likes and dislikes (Andrews & Boyle, 2008, p.15). For instance, the Islam as a religion calls for its believers to pray during lunch hour; therefore, educators/teachers should be aware of the practice to allow their students to do so. Thus, communication within educators, clinicians, and researchers is the major system that upholds cultural competence. Cultural competence is important in the professional sector because it promotes equality thus bridging the gap in health disparity and ensures quality education and community based services (Dienemann, 1997, p.20). Cultural competent clinicians, educators, and researchers ensure their clients receive services without infringing their cultural practices. Furthermore, cultural competence promotes peace because there is no violation of human rights whil
Introduction Brazilian Petroleum Corporation (Petrobras) is a semi-public multinational energy company headquartered in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. It is the largest company in South America by market capitalization. It was founded in 1953 and has since then remained an important oil producer, with a “production capacity of more than two million barrels of oil per day” (Bamato, 2015, para. 10). By November 2014, it was ranked the sixth-largest energy company in the world in value (Bamato, 2015). In addition, the company exports mechanical technologies import natural gas from other South American countries, especially Bolivia, and invests in oil exploration in Africa and Asia. In September 2010, the company conducted the largest share sale of US$ 72.8 billion on the BM&F Bovespa stock exchange, making it the fourth-largest company in the world by market capitalization. However, Petrobras has very low liquidity because of the accumulated debts (Bamato, 2015). Its debt stood at US$170 billion, and it was forecasted that the debt might escalate further. The company faced risky exposure to bond markets and lacked public trust as it had not published its audited accounts. Investigations revealed that the firm was in the midst of grand corruption scandal that involved prominent Brazilian politicians and businesspeople. The Main Facts of the Case The company, because it was state-backed, had for a long time enjoyed a monopoly in the Brazilian oil industry and financial security in the eyes of shareholders and watchdogs. The Petrobras executives plotted with construction companies Odebrecht SA, Andrade Gutierrez, and others to enormously overbill the oil firm. They were also involved in money laundering activities. The money gained was used as bribes and political payoffs for company executives, politicians, and political parties. Current estimates put the bribes received at a whopping US$ 2 billion. The whole scandal cost Petrobras a loss amounting to US$ 16 billion (Eliza, 2015). The company had duped its investors by misrepresenting its operations and monetary situations while soliciting billions of dollars from them. The PricewaterhouseCoopers Auditores Independents, the PwC’s Brazilian member, is alleged to have played a role in confirming Petrobra’s financial reports and ignoring warnings. The Bill and Me
Introduction Drugs that cause addiction and have negative effects health has been illegalized in most constitutions. These drugs are seen to have minimal benefits and enormous side effects. Among drugs that have been illegalized include: heroin, cocaine and marijuana among others. On the other hand those that are legalized include tobacco and alcohol. This research paper main interest is in the legalization of marijuana. Marijuana has been illegalized because it is considered to be risk factors in people’s health and is believed to temper with the brain. It is also associated with criminal acts such as gang behavior and is discouraged. The purpose of this research paper is to address the reasons why marijuana should be made legal. Among the reasons that support the legalization of marijuana include: the medical basis that marijuana has some benefits and that the state could gain revenue from the trade of marijuana as opposed to the costs incurred in the implementation of the laws against use the controlled drug. Furthermore, the legalization would enable the state to monitor and introduce legal outlets that would enforce the correct use of the drug (Barnes: 11). Arguments against marijuana Medical reasons against use of marijuana as medically unfit to use In the argument against marijuana to be made illegal, Barnes (9) ascertains that marijuana should not be made legal in the medical field. There are certain cases that marijuana has negatively affected the immune system of the person taking the drug. In other cases, side effects like the damage of the brain and poisonous forms have occurred. Testing must be done Before marijuana is fully accepted as a medication, extensive testing of the drug must be done to establish the adverse effects as well as the benefits. This is because the state has the responsibility of ensuring that the drug is harmless before legalizing it. The state can consider thorough investigations before it is legalized. They may also consider what other institutions have assessed and made conclusions about the use of the drug (Barnes 11). Measurements of elements contained in marijuana Another reason against the use of marijuana in the medical field is the inability to have power over the purity of the drug. Marijuana is not a synthetic drug and hence it may be difficult to establish control over the natural growing marijuana. It may also develop other challenges concerned with the way productions and distribution of the drug. However, this argument is challenged with the tobacco industry where it has been established and seems to be doing well. This is because the manufacturers of tobacco have been able to follow directives as by the government and controlled it. So, if the same measures are employed with marijuana the control may be successful. Marijuana should not be prescribed In his argument against marijuana to be
Introduction The essay is a critical analysis of the book titled “Super Crunchers” written by Ian Ayers. It is worth noting that students who will be future managers have in place various mechanisms to learn about important concepts that will help them make rational judgments. One such way to learn and understand these concepts is through analysis of literatures that are related to management. The book is about how there is increasing use of simple statistical models being applied to large sets of data to help organizations make rational decisions in various sectors such as airline, hospitals, banks among others. To accomplish this task, a brief synopsis of the first four chapters of the book is done. This is later followed by an examination of the book and more emphasis will be about how the book’s subject relates to the focus of this course: i.e., the use of information and technology to improve decision-making in modern enterprises and how does the reading add to my understanding of the subject of this course. Synopsis In the introduction (the rise of super crunchers), the author begun by bringing forth two individuals who sought to determine factors of a great wine as well as measuring the worth of a baseball player. The author asserts that in the first case, the model , turned out to be a better predicator of qualities of good wine than the efforts of traditional experts (Ayers 1). Additionally Ian Ayers clearly states that these equations were arrived at while sitting in an office while manipulating data without external influence such as the label of the wine or the looks of the player. The result is outperformance of traditional experts making the two industries wine and baseball not to ignore such creativity. In the following section, the author named it ‘creating your own data with their flip of a coin’. It is in this section that the author asserts that crunching data has not invaded and displaced traditional expert but it has also change lives. Additionally decision making has changed as well as the decisions themselves. The author further explore how organizations such as airlines and those who sell books through the internet are using available data to track customers and make decisions based their preferences. He acknowledges that the internet is very important and the introduction of credit card was only for the selfish gains of business people who are interested in our personal data which will be later used to understand our preferences (Ayers 45). Organization have been formed which obtain and sell data which businesses are willing to pay good money to obtain such information. The next section is titled government by chance which refers to organizations that have devoted their efforts to manipulating large data sets so that they can give consumers information that
Why I am applying for a Graduate Degree in Social Work My motivation and passion to study for a graduate degree in social work is premised on my childhood dream to give service to the community. To realize my dream, I have remained committed to gaining relevant experience in social work settings with emphasis on engaging in programs that aim at social change, problem solving and empowering people through relationships both at micro and macro levels. In these roles, I gained knowledge in capacity building and the ability to focus on not only the mental illnesses, but also how to interact with people suffering with mental problems holistically, including social and political problems that have a bearing on their health (Mailick & Caroff, 2012). Necessary Background in the Field of Social Health During my undergraduate studies and upon completion, I have worked as an intern in social work in which I gained various skills and attributes necessary for this profession (Coppock & Dunn, 2009). They include positive attitude, social education, and knowledge in social education theories. Additional skills involved mental counseling and guidance for patients that need primary and behavioral health treatment. Additionally, I gained in-depth skills by talking to experienced professionals in social work, including those with experiences in mental treatment, psychology and counseling. All these professionals offered me invaluable insight into the role of a social worker in delivering solutions to the community. Relevant Skills that I Possess for Social Work Having interacted with the clients and experienced social workers handling primary and behavioral health issues, I appreciate the challenges that many social workers face. It requires me to develop the ability to adopt a multi-dimens
Overview of St George Hospital St George Hospital is found within Kogarah, a town in the Australian city of Sydney. The hospital, which began its operation in November 1894, provided basic care to members of the immediate community. Over the years, St George Hospital grew from its humble state to a major healthcare facility in entire Australia. By 1934, the hospital was among the most established district health facilities in the Sydney metropolitan (St George Hospital 2013). In 1964, the facility became a teaching hospital complete with various departments. A few years later, with the grant of $200 million, the hospital commenced its upgrade into an excellent healthcare center. Since then, the institution has employed the services of nationally renowned physicians, as well as state-of-the-art technology. Presently, the hospital has 627 beds, making it one of the largest referral centers in Australia. It serves as the level 1′ Trauma Centre’ for the entire eastern Sydney, making it have a busy emergency department (St George Hospital 2013). In addition, the hospital provides a range of medical services, including surgery, special clinics such as care for diabetes and cancer patients, and women and pediatric care. Importantly, being a teaching hospital means that research is given a major priority at St George Hospital. This research is seen as part of promoting the hospital’s goal of affording quality care to all its patients. Overview of the CQC Report of St George Hospital A CQC report explains the state of affairs in a healthcare facility after a thorough inspection has been carried out. The aim of this inspection is to determine the quality of care that is present in a hospital. At St George Hospital, the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District (SESLHD) Clinical and Quality Council (CQC) conducts frequent inspections. This council focuses on introducing new interventional procedures that foster efficacy, efficiency, and safety within the healthcare environment. Resource utilization is examined in the committee inspection to determine whether the hospital is utilizing resources properly. This process is in line with concerns that the cost of healthcare continues to rise disproportionately with the quality of care being rendered (Squires 2012). The most recent inspection of the hospital was carried out in 2016. The CQC ruled that several areas at the institution needed improvement to match the Australian national standards. The outpatient and diagnostic imaging fields were among those rated as needing improvement. Linking the Four Quality Process Techniques in the Organisation This section presents the various qua
Introduction The aspect of globalization has caught the attention of many people. It has watered down to make the whole world become a global village. The advent of information and technology has contributed largely to the reshaping of the whole world. The varieties of capitalism approach have attracted heavy attention and provoked a huge number of debates (Wailes, Lansbury, & Bamber, 2010). Some of the approaches in the varieties of capitalism include the modernization approach. In the rebuilding of the devastated world after World War II, this approach focused on the government’s capability to create necessary impetus that will lead to economic growth. This approach was, therefore, growth centered. The paper seeks to discuss the varieties of capitalism available and their effect on globalization. Analysis One of the capitalist aspects is neo-corporatism, which focuses on the capability of members in society to facilitate growth through working together. The differences in economic and political structures that occur in any country are based on the differences in the systems of governance. However, these differences are on the verge of dissolving as the countries embrace the concept of globalization. To others, it may occur as a better approach to sustainable historical choices. Under the concept of social systems of production, there is sectoral governance, national innovation systems, and flexible leadership that is diverse in some aspects. This alternative approach puts less emphasis on trade unions. The neo-corporatist approach is much centered on the organizational structure of the society, with a greater emphasis on trade union movements (Wailes, Lansbury, & Bamber, 2010). This capitalist approach addresses two globalization concerns. The first concern is whether there is expected convergence in socio-economic institutions in response to globalization. The last concern is whether there will be a looming political backlash against globalization. The major market economies are liberal and coordinated markets. Market economies that are liberal allow coordination of activities by economic agents. In sharp contrast, coordinated market economies are very effective in non-market
The hiring decision of the most qualified Deputy Minister of the agency will be based on both the academic qualifications and working experience of the candidates who have applied for the job (Carroll, 1990). To begin with, it is vital to underscore the fact that the agency deals with setting safety standards and product testing of all environmental emissions and goods produced from manufacturing plants. Therefore, the most suitable candidate should possess a solid background in environmental science. The ideal candidate should be a specialist on environmental pollution control. Before embarking on the academic qualifications of the candidate, it is profound to highlight the job description criteria that the new Deputy Minister will be expected to deliver while in office. To begin with, the Deputy Minister (DM) will have to ensure that there is thorough compliance with the local, state and national laws that govern the emission of hazardous materials from either manufactured products or factories. The new DM will be expected to be in a position to perform the following key roles:   * Management and development of information systems that can be used in the process of identifying various locations where hazardous materials are being released.   * The ability to update and deliver training programs for employees in relation to the emission of dangerous wastes and materials.   * Active supervision of active contracts that are being carried out in external locations. Examples of contracts include the removal and testing of materials that are hazardous.   * The ability to initiate thorough investigations regarding complaints emanating from employees especially in regards to harmful exposure to air pollutants and hazardous materials.   * The ability to enhance accurate maintenance of records by junior officials in the ministry. Records that should be maintained include transportation of hazardous wastes, complaint investigations and chemical inventories.   * Updating the Minister on both the proposed and current control measures that are linked to various areas of assigned programs.   * Initiating field work activities with the assistance of junior officers in the ministry.   * Facilitating regular sampling of wastes that may be harmful from factories. This duty should go hand in hand with screening of materials that are likely to contain heavy particles such as asbestos.   * The ability to initiate and monitor the process of maintaining inspection and operation schedules. It should be noted that while the above roles and responsibilities are supposed to be performed by the junior environmental specialists in the ministry, the DM is expected to possess similar skills and competences so that he or she is thoroughly updated on the daily activity logs at the ministry (Carroll, 1990). As a matter of fact, the DM must have attained various levels of achievements within his or her area of specialization before being appointed in this position. Required general qualifications   * The Deputy Minister (
Historical lenses can significantly change any past event’s perception and reveal different lessons it carries for modern society. The research topic, South African Apartheid, can be discussed from political, social, and economic views as it affected each. A historian might apply political lenses in discussion for segregation’s establishment or set social ones to analyze how Apartheid changed people’s values and institutions’ structure in South Africa. The regime led almost all countries to poverty, thus the historical event can be revised through the economic changes and implications. The research studied South African Apartheid’s social narrative as the addressed issues were the protests of the affected people and the regime’s consequences based on the societal changes. The resistance movement significantly impacted the regime’s regulation and forced its abolishment in the early 1990s (Ndhlovu, 2017). If political lenses are applied to the research, the narrative will change as the reasons to establish Apartheid and governmental structure will be necessary to discuss instead of the problems segregation caused to the citizens. Moreover, the resistance will be perceived differently as its representatives broke the laws and might be described as the regime’s adverse outcomes. South African Apartheid is a historical event that significantly affected all aspects of the country’s economy to its citizens’ life values and can be assessed via multiple lenses. Primary sources like Nussey’s article “After Apartheid, hope, and decay,” written for the Washington Post in November 1995, reveal that although the regime has just abolished, the forecasting consequences are severe (Nussey, 1995). Current problems of South Africa, such as poverty, the lack of social life, and high crime rates, have Apartheid as the root cause. The research showed that history is not the sequence of events to memorize for erudition, but the vital educational source that everyone must conduct daily. The Value of Studying History Every individual must study history to increase the chances of developing a thriving society and eliminating the issues that have roots in past events. Moreover, awareness of historical lessons is necessary to prevent severe occasions from repeating. South African Apartheid is an event full of consequences and notations to learn due to its significant impact on a country’s structure and citizens. The research viewed segregation through the social lenses, thus c