ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Environmental Problem According to an international environmental watchdog, freshwater is the lifeblood of the planet. The same non-government organization made the assertion that no one can survive without it. Freshwater is mankind’s source of food, health, and energy. Access to freshwater sources is the main reason for the establishment of civilizations. In the present time, urban centers require a sustainable supply of freshwater to ensure socioeconomic development. It is therefore important to learn how how to apply sustainable strategies in water quality control. Promoting Positive Behavior 2 Strategies There are numerous strategies that governments and local organizations can implement in order to enhance the impact of water quality initiatives. First, the importance of quality control must be disseminated through the education of the younger generation. The second strategy is to establish local initiatives that in turn will monitor the quality of water in a certain area. With regards to the first strategy, it is important to touch the hearts and minds of the next generation’s leaders and policy makers. Present problems with regards to ineffective policies are usually the result of ineffective policies generated by uninformed policy makers. The root cause of the problem can be traced back to influential leaders occupying key positions in government. It may be difficult to change their mindset with regards to their view regarding water conservation. However, it is easier to influence next generation’s leaders concerning their roles in water conservation and water quality control. It is important that children and teenagers understand their individual roles in transforming the environment. Educated people will undoubtedly contribute to the creation of policies that will safeguard rivers, ponds, lakes and storage reservoirs. However, their contribution will go beyond the political sphere. They will not only contribute to affect the political aspect in the struggle to improve water quality control measures. They are going to transform water quality control through the creation of new technology, and the development of ideas that will directly impact efforts in water quality control initiatives. They are the inventors and radical thinkers of the future. They have the capacity to think unconventionally. They have the capacity to develop new ways on how to solve a particular problem. More importantly, they have the capability to try something new without fearing the consequences of failure. Consider the impact of innovators like the creators of Google and Facebook. If the same kind of innovative thinking can be applied to solve water quality control problems, then, the future looks bright for the natural environment. With regards to the second strategy, it is important to consider the importance of mobility, and the capability to directly cause positive change on a specific area. It is foolish to wait for the government to act on water quality control issues affecting a local area. It is easier to mobilize support, and to affect change using the resources, and
In the article “Flexible Compensation Evaluated,” the author underlines the need for organizations to meet the challenges of individual needs by implementing flexible compensation programs. In the discussion, the author argues that for organizations to succeed, they must not only seek innovative approaches to satisfy employee needs, but the approaches adopted must have the capacity to enhance organizational performance. The author underlines the need to find a balance between organizational goals and individual needs if employee satisfaction and organizational performance are to be maintained. This balance, as observed by the author, can be achieved by addressing issues and policies surrounding compensation. It has been observed that traditional policies have often favored organizational goals to the detriment of employee needs, occasioning an imbalance that not only increases individual dissatisfaction but also decreases organizational performance. Overall, the author makes a critical observation that organizations can increase employee satisfaction and elevate organizational performance by implementing flexible compensation programs. In the article “Competency-Based Pay: A New Approach to Compensation Policy,” the author underlines the need for organizations to develop a competency-based compensation policy because traditional compensation and reward policies have become unresponsive to the challenges and expectations of today’s disordered business environment. The author particularly stresses the need for organizations to reconfigure their compensation and reward strategy together with their business strategy, organization culture, and the firms’ organization design and human resource management approaches. Overall, the author posits that adopting competency-based pay have the obvious benefits of positively impacting employee attitudes, developing employees with diverse skills in a given operational area, and provision of flexibility to management with an efficient, well-informed and multi-skilled workforce. In the article “A Comprehensive Model and Measure of Compensation Satisfaction,” the authors not only develops a comprehensive compensation satisfaction construct that could be used to evaluate the level of employee satisfaction relative to compensation but also develop a psychometrically sound measure of this compensation model based on existing measures as well as new items. In their analysis, the authors find out that compensation arouses either positive or negative affect/feelings in employees, this could be used as a triggering factor to achieve optimal employee performance. Overall, the authors suggest that a good compensation approach must be in line with employees’ beliefs, demonstrate sound pay procedures, adopt a balanced pay structure, and arouse maximum pay raise satisfaction. Lastly, in the article “A Systematic Framework for Performance Appraisal and Compensation Strategy,” the authors underline the importance for organizations to streamline their strategies, including performance appraisal and compensation strategies, with their respective mission statements
The political map of the post world-war Europe has undergone profound changes, the biggest of them being unification of two German states. Certain other developments affected the geographical as well as political situation where most of the European governments worked in cooperation with an aim of creating a common economic space; not forgetting the incidents like dissolution of Soviet Union that strongly benefited the attempts. After formation of European Union in 1991, revision of the treaty in 1997 and afterwards, the social as well as economic lives of the Europeans are now negotiated in a center or two (Kelstrup,Michael 2000). This is imperative that European nations, regardless of public support, have benefited from integration to mentionable extent. Europe stands today where it would not have been otherwise 60 years after the war. But how much does this integration process engage nations rather than governments; needs to be answered. Most of the criticism entailing EU regards political and cultural integration as a by product of social and economic unification. In the words of Cris Shore (2000: 41), “The idiosyncratic behavior of real people was largely ignored by architects of European unification and appeared to have little connection with the integration process.” Before analyzing the public support for European integration, we must look into the areas of cooperation, along with the new agenda of European governance. This new idea treats the European nations with single European identity. Disrespecting multicultural aspects and over generalizing the cultural bounds of these nations are open to criticism on methodological and theoretical grounds. The decisions regarding common currency, common laws and regulations, common identity etc which jeopardize the support from individuals makes EU more problematic. A recent example is the French resistance against European Union’s free market drive on energy. This opposition not only confined to the free-market, but few other EU policies as well; can be explained on cultural grounds as well apart from political. Apart from issue of common support, a debate about sovereignty and autonomy of states as result of growing limits of European Union’s powers has been revived. Multi-layered governance had been prominent since formation of EC in 1950s but with European Union the transformation from national to regional level decision-making is significant (Stone 1998). The political characters on national level may seem at ease with it, but the division of authority is problematic to some extent. They need to maintain an equilibrium; satisfying the domestic political demands and European community at large. In the backdrop, people are not supportive of many of the EU’s policies lately. Concerns about EU
Introduction to the Issues This study summarizes and evaluates the chapter regarding future changes and the course of criminal activities. Furthermore, particular emphasis has been placed on the manner in which the nature and form of criminal activities will change, mainly through the influence of technology and globalization. The study also assesses the significance of the chapter, critically evaluates the content, and makes a proposition of a present theory being expanded to tackle and give details of the rising and future inclinations as talked about in the chapter. Summary It is simple to evaluate the present legal position of individuals but foretelling the criminal activities that the future could bring may be more intricate. The future holds a nearly limitless number of probabilities, and any of them may unfurl but just a few do. Global organizations such as the World Future Society generate notions, individuals and awareness in readiness for the potential occurrences. Technological developments are resulting in the emergence of an impersonal community where individuals meet and interrelate virtually instead of physically. In this regard, the physical setting might turn out to be a progressively hostile and unsafe place, or what could be termed as a deprived setting where individuals might get less real to each other hence causing more extreme responses, interrelations, and the unwillingness to get involved in arguments. Globalization is resulting in the challenges for stakeholders to disregard the incidences of crime across the globe, especially the criminal activities carried out by international criminal and terrorist groups. For instance, trafficking of people entails enslaving them, subjecting them to restricted segregation and movement, and confiscating their documents. On the other hand, smuggling people does not bar them from such things as leaving or changing their jobs. Viruses in computerized devices have demonstrated indications of becoming terrorist-like implements that attack or damage many gadgets. Technology has been seen to cut on both sides as it does not only equip criminals with possible weapons of committing crime but also offers the law enforcement agents with powerful techniques that are valuable in the fight against felony. Importance The inclusion of the chapter is important as it elucidates on the direction of future crime attributable to such things as globalization and advancements in technology. At first, the chapter shows how technological advancements will keep on offering felons with the instruments that enhance the carrying out of criminal activities such as trafficking, smuggling, cyberbullying, identity theft, and spreading of viruses to mention a few. Most importantly, the chapter offers law enforcement agencies the confidence that new technology will be useful in preventing and deterring crime. The chapter envisages that amid the most significant transformations in the enforcement of law around the world will be
Abstract The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro is in an administrative capital of Ivory Coast, Yamoussoukro. Architectures, designers, and constructors worked on the $ 300 million building between 1985 and 1989. The building heavily borrows its design from those of the Basilica of Saint Peter of Vatican. Pope John Paul II consecrated the building in 1990. This is just a basilica and not a cathedral. There is Cathedral of Saint Augustine nearby where the bishop sits. According to Guinness World Records, this is the largest church in the entire world as it takes from Saint Peter’s Basilica. The building occupies an area of 30,000 square meters and his 158 meters tall. It has a villa and rectory (not official parts of the church). The building has a capacity of accommodating a congregation of 18,000 worshippers. Though built in Africa, the design has nothing to do with African culture or representations. Basilica of Our Lady of Peace: Yamoussoukro From miles away, the church looks huge with a pearl-gray color observable over African bush. However, as one approaches, he will notice the true work of designers and architectures. This consists of copper cross that glitters in the sun, and a sandy-beige top with wide dome. This is a building of post-Renaissance in its style. It has two long arms with over 128 large columns of Doric design. This covers a 7.4 acre development of plaza with a pavement of marble and granite. People mistake it for St. Peter’s Basilica of Rome. Location of the Building The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace, Yamoussoukro has the largest dome in Africa after that of Tunisia, the Baths of Antoninus. The late President of Ivory Coast, Félix Houphouët-Boigny decided to have church at his birthplace of Yamoussoukro. This was also to be the
The prior goal of the Maryland Department of Health is the monitoring of the state of citizens’ health and the introduction of programs and actions to improve it. At the moment, because of the epidemiologic situation in the world, the site of the department offers links to the informational portal about the Corona virus to increase populations’ awareness about it and familiarize people with methods to stop its spread (“Maryland Department of Health”, n.d.). There is also attention devoted to flu, as one of the risk factors peculiar to the season, and Medicaid, which remains a traditionally important issue for citizens. The department adheres to the population health approach by trying to cover all issues that are relevant at the moment. Regarding the BIG GEMS framework, the provided information aims at modifying behaviors of people, monitoring and prevention of infection, and its spread in various regions. At the same time, medical care is aligned in accordance with the socioeconomic status of individuals and the peculiarities o
Sometimes it is believed that dead-end operation is significantly efficient. The accumulated particles normally gather on the surface of the membrane during filtration in dead-end processes (Culfaz et al., 2011). Membrane Membranes have shown better elimination of 90 percent of diverse ionic species and they offer a high quality permeates in this processes. A single process can be applied to decolourise and eliminate secondary chemical elements that originate from dyehouse liquid waste [25]. From 1990, nanofiltration studies have been conducted with dye bath effluent treatment. The membranes involved are ion selective because of the negatively charged surfaces. Based on the features of a membrane, some elements of secondary chemicals are most likely to filter through the membrane into permeate (Koyuncu and Topacik, 2003). Many factors such as techniques of dyeing, the contents, the processes and possibilities of recycling influence the choice of size and type of the membrane to be used in a dyehouse [25]. Nanofiltration membranes have also been used subsequent to biological pretreatment of textile liquid wastes. In the main treatment plants, a pilot scale membrane treatment is an ideal choice for a mixture of industrial and domestic effluents. The outcome materials could allow for recycling of permeates in textile plants. Reactive Dyes Reactive dye consists of a class of dyes that allow for covalent bond formation with fibre and it generally constitutes its elements after the reaction. This reaction process can be shown as: Reactive dyes + Fibre = Reactive dye-Fibre (covalent bonding). Classification of Reactive Dyes Based on their chemical compositions, reactive dyes are categorised as:  1. Chlorotriazine Dyes (MCT)  2. Vinyl Sulphone Dyes (VS)  3. Heterocyclic Helogen Containing Dyes (HHC)  4. Mixed Dyes (MCT-VS) When temperature is considered as a relevant factor, reactive dyes can be grouped as: Cold brand reactive dyes Cold brand reactive dyes are used in low temperature (that is, room temperature). These dyes are extremely reactive with fibre at low temperature. Hot brand reactive dyes These dyes work best at medium temperatures of nearly 60ºC. They have medium reactive tendencies with fibre. High Exhaust brand reactive dyes These dyes have extremely low reactivity properties with fibres relative to cold and hot categories of dyes. In this process, dyeing takes place at around 80-90ºC. Properties of reactive dyes  1. Reactive dye is anionic in nature  2. Reactive dye is a water soluble dye  3. They have better wash and light fastness properties  4. They have better substantivity  5. They form strong co-valent bond with the cellulosic fibre in alkaline condition  6. The electrolyte is must for exhaustion of dyes in the fibre  7. A certain amount of dyes is hydrolyzed during application (around 15-20%)
Discussion of company and industry Lubrizol additive is a transnational corporation, which the founders positioned well geographically to meet the needs of its customer. It has headquarters in Ohio and specialises in lubricants production for the automotive industry and oil companies. Globally, Lubrizol has branches in automobile producing nations, as they are one of the chief consumers of its products; therefore, it has been able to keep at par with customer requirements. The corporation operates in an industry, which is highly regulated globally. In effects, it means the company has to invest substantial amount in research. Moreover, the clientele requires specially tailored products that have to meet certain standards. The main risk in this industry is the precariousness of the raw material market. Crude oil trade is very vulnerable to global politics, terrorism and speculation of price. These factors drive up cost of raw material thus reducing the entities’ profitability ratios. Market position Not to mention, Lubrizol is a leading force in a highly competitive market, and several multinational dominate it. With majority of its income arising from sales to the automobile industry, the corporation’s geographical positioning has only played to its advantage. It has positioned market representatives who work closely with customers and set up laboratories that replicate the customer operation, enabling it make effectual products that suit its customers’ ever-changing needs. The oil sector is exceedingly regulated due to environmental concerns hence players of this industry have to be innovative in product creation. Lubrizol research department has done well in meeting these regulations. With clients in over 100 countries and no single customer, contributing for surplus of 10% of its revenues implies that the company’s market base is very diverse and no single client can reasonably sabotage its operations. The corporation has well differentiated product variety that has enabled it compete appropriately with its rivals. Historical performance It is imperative to note that Lubrizol commenced operations in Cleveland, Ohio in the late 1920s, and has emerged as a dominant playe
The UCITA and the UCC are the recent developments of the uniformity laws that prohibit any form of discrimination. The project gives the initial US government attempt in promoting interstate commercial uniformity. It also gives the differences between the UCITA and the article 2 of the UCC in relation to the information technology. The differences of licensing and selling are given and the drafters stand on UCITA distinctiveness. “The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887” (Keeler, 1983, p.22) was enacted to ensure that railroads are regulated across all the states. It was enacted because it was believed that the railroads would infuse the boundaries of the states. The laws were drafted even before the inception of the computers in the society. The commercial law saw the need to open the boundaries and reduce discrimination and monopolies that would be enjoyed by some entrepreneurs. The boundaries of the states were also known through the ACT. According to Keller (1983), the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 ensured the rates charged on shippers were reasonable and just, forbade discrimination against shippers and people, and the practice of more for short hauls than the long ones. Although it was based on the common law it forbids pooling and colluding. The UCC and the UCITA had been set during the computer age for uniformity purposes and safeguarding. The goal and the ideologies behind the UCC and the UCITA are based on almost the same grounds of ensuring uniformity. Their enactment is in all the states and the UCITA was implemented to deal with issues of intellectual property that are partially dealt with under the UCC. The Uniform Commercial Code of Article 2 differs from UCITA in that the UCC covers commercial transactions especially the sale of tangible goods where computer material information is not covered (Grier, Keane & Gilbert, 2001). On the other hand, the UCITA is bound to cover the computer information and transactions, licensing of software and other computer information agreements (Grier et al., 2001). In general, UCC covers tangible goods while UNICITA does not deal with tangible goods that cover the information where the rights of ownership are limited. It also ensures that computer information products are licensed and not sold as in UCC. According to Denny, Anderson and Corroon (2000), the article 2 of the UCC that deals with sale of products is unfit and that UCITA that computer information contracts are based on licenses and the legal considerations should not be based on the UCC article 2. The UNICITA safeguards the consumers who are not taken care of under the common law and the UCC. The legal distinction that exist