ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction White collar jobs simply refers to the kind of jobs that are performed in offices and do not require manual performance. They include clerical jobs, managerial and secretarial related jobs. In simple terms they are jobs which do not involve manual labor. Clerical jobs have been used as the best definition and the perfect example of white collar jobs. Manual jobs are generally referred to as blue collar jobs. However, with the advancement of technology, the distinction between white and blue collar jobs might be unclear to some especially due to the kind of responsibilities that scientists and other professionals have that may be regarded to some as manual jobs. How to become a white-collar worker We can strive to become white collar workers through many ways. Many of the white collar workers are professional workers in their specific fields and have extensive experience on the same. For instance a job such as off,ice accounting an and auditing require qualified personnel with prior experience on the responsibilities involved. Thus, in order to become white collar workers, we need to acquire knowledge on the different professional fields (Clara 1). However, professional knowledge and experience are not the only ways through which we can get white collar jobs. As a matter of fact, creative and innovative thinking can get one a prestigious white collar job even without the ordinary professionalism which is acquired in the classroom. This is because entrepreneurs and other cooperate bodies are beginning to realize that the personal attributes of young motivated individuals are greater assets to their businesses than simple classroom knowledge which may lack room for improvement and creativity. As many people are venturing into private white collar jobs, the myth of the selected few for the jobs is changing because any innovative and creative individual with the zeal to achieve goals can now successfully engage in white collar jobs even without the professional/educational knowledge. Important things for white collar jobs The important things in white collar jobs do differ with the specific type of job and are even changing with the advent of technological developments. For instance, due to the use of computers in almost all white collar jobs today, the technological skill on computer use is a very essential tool for a white collar job seeker. However, the depth of such skills may differ depending on the job. For instance, an administrative secretary does not require as much computer skills as a data analyst or a software programmer. Basic use of internet is also important in today’s white collar jobs as businesses are using may social media sites to communicate wi
Malaria Malaria existed long before the origin of humanity. This dangerous disease known for its numerous lethal cases through the whole course of human history is even known to take away the life of one of the most prominent personalities in the ancient world, Alexander the Great. Nowadays, malaria is spread in the territories which are good for malaria mosquitoes’ life, where it is warm and wet; thus, malaria is mostly dislocated in African countries. During the history of humanity, malaria mosquitoes also inhabited the other territories including North America and Europe. However, the inhabitants of those lands put a lot of efforts in order to exterminate the causative agents of malaria in their area. As a result, malaria is not common in the United States. Malaria is contracted from being bitten by a mosquito. Mosquitoes are carriers of this terrible disease. While biting their victims, malarial mosquito infects the blood of the person with the microorganisms causing the development of this disease in the victim’s body. The other way of being infected is through blood transfusions. In the countries where malaria is spread, namely, in African countries, many patients get infected with malaria through blood transfusions. This sad situation is caused by the expensiveness of testing blood for malaria agents. The symptoms of this disease are high temperature transitioning into severe fever, headache, and in more complicated forms, malaria causes coma leading to death. The health of infected individuals is threatened by this disease as it affects such important cells as red blood cells, and is also incubated in liver. At times, this disease may lead to ruining liver of the infected person, but, fortunately, this happens rather rarely. Malaria becomes very common in the territories where it occurs. Such territories are the territories where the circulation of mosquitoes is great along with dense human population. The treatment of malaria is directed to fighting the symptoms of the disease including high temperature along with the measures for destructing the microorganisms causing the disease. Varied treatment strategies can be applied in every particular case depending on the severity of the patient’s condition along w
Introduction Creativity is a person’s ability to come up with new and inventive ideas and the willingness to transform them into reality. Life presents us with challenges that require us to think and come up with solutions. These solutions always come from an original way that something has been done. Therefore the source of creativity is an original way that everyone is familiar with. Creative thinking is the ability of a person to analyze a state or a habit and design a way to do it better. This involves a change of attitude and continual persistence and willingness to do something better. This paper will analyze people’s responses to creative thinking and the reasons for those responses. Attitude The character in the video clip in his attempt to introduce a new perspective in the company on the operations of the business does not succeed. People have attitudes that work at their expense when it comes to creative thinking (Lubart, 1999). Some find the entire new and scintillating ideas tormenting and they develop unfounded fear that prompts them at refusing to accept the change that is brought forth by the changes. It is also common to find people who have the I-can’t-do-it mentality that is not characteristic of creative people. This blocks a certain part of their mind that develops the juice that should be accelerating creativity (O’Hara and Sternberg, 1999). Fear People’s reaction to a problem is always quite different because others might react to it with a view to solving it while others just simply view it as an unsolvable mystery. This hinders the importance of finding solutions to a problem. The same is transferred to the fact that someone else has found a solution to a problem. It manifests itself well when the character in the movie tries to sell the idea of stopping the ban on lack of credit offering in the business (O’Hara and Sternberg, 1999). The fear that the management has towards the new idea results in him being fired and told that on an experimental basis it can work but when in the field it is a huge task to accomplish that. The bosses, it is obvious have a fear in them that hinders the creative mind of the juniors and hence eventual development of the company. It is also the norm for creative people to have instances of a failed attempt at something. But some have the innate or developed fear of failing which effectively curtails their creative minds or acceptance of others’ ideas (Koestler, 1964). Social Conformity Creative minds have a tendency to be playful just like children. People have a superiority complex and this ego is protected to a point where they consider the creative genius of others to be childish and just a joke. This might be the problem that befalls the movie character in Maguire. It is evident in the setting of the workplace, especially where the conservative boss does not heed the creative personality of the junior workers (DeGraff and Lawrence, 2002). This is an outside reaction to an inner ego that the boss wants to protect. There is also the question of what will people think? This pops up i
Nowadays, various financial reports are widely available on the Internet. While this kind of information was previously published in official journals and department statistics, contemporary media sources allow economic news to be rapidly spread among a large number of people. Twitter is one of the most popular social networks for this kind of purpose. Many traders use it to report on the stock market news or to let others know about various deals they have made. Personal thoughts regarding the future of a certain stock are also common for this group of users. Scientists try to take advantage of such posts by using models of computational linguistics. Statistical analysis and computer programs are used to analyze financial reports that are posted on the Internet and to predict the future of the stock market. Three articles use different frameworks to extract information about post expertise, risk prediction, and future stock prices. The article by Bar-Haim et al. features in-depth work done to distinguish between expert authors and novice creators of posts. The primary aim was to select those people who were able to provide accurate information regarding the stock market. This would give others an opportunity to better predict any movements in this field, which is a very critical feature, as many people wish to have some background knowledge before making a trading decision. The researchers first focused on classifying the types of messages found on Twitter regarding the stock market. The article contains a note that many of those posts are usually written with the help of a language that can be understood only in a professional circle. Bar-Haim et al. divided all the analyzed posts on those containing facts, opinions, or questions, with a category of irrelevant information also making up a certain portion of tweets. A computer program was developed afterward that aimed to analyze the posts and determine whether a user was an expert or not. Overall, the general idea behind the program was to measure whether the bullish tweets of a particular user were followed by a stock rise. If it was determined that a post’s author is an expert, a number of statistical tests like the Chi-square were performed to calculate the accuracy of this assumption. Since the language of tweets was usually far from grammatically correct, the researchers created a program that would recognize the most common signs and transform them into proper words and phrases. However, this approach did not provide the most accurate results since the program analyzed only a small portion of tweets that mentioned deals of either buying or selling stock. Thus, the researchers decided to include more posts by focusing on the price mentioning. After decoding this information, several models were applied. They included the joint-all, the transaction, the per-user, and the joint-experts model. While the transaction approach showed results just a little above the average baseline, those frameworks that focused on studying users by unsupervised learning determined that they a
Enron and AIG’s Internal Politics Charismatic leadership style characterized Enron’s management. Tourish (2002) points out that leadership used coercive force, retribution against whistle blowers, manipulative vision aimed at transforming the company by compelling an ideal vision, imbuing employee relationship with a sense of higher purpose, intellectually stimulating them to motivation to intensify their efforts towards the vision lead to a process of indoctrination. None questioned. On the other hand AIG’s leadership was similar to that of Enron but for the fact that information about the company’s financial health was concealed. Tourish (2002) reports that Enron’s financial health was based on tailored figures to suit the vision of the company. Cohan (2002)’s views of efficient leadership compares both company’s leadership with good interpersonal competencies, a basic managerial skill. Tourish (2002) asserts that both leadership espoused theory by creating a vision of strong global giants in their fields of specialization. Both companies espoused consideration, and structured the activities of employees to act decisively and efficiently for achieving their goals and objectives as affirmed by (Cohan, 2002). Enron’s politics embraced the kind of politics which asserted the leader as absolute, no democracy in their leadership. On the other hand AIG relied on employees to maneuver information concerning the company’s financial health and were led to believe in a vision that never was. Both companies were characterized by leaders under investigation. Enron and AIG’s group dynamics Group dynamics determines how groups make decisions. McNamara (2004) identifies norms as the element that governs group behavior and the group leader forms one explanation of group dynamics. In addition, the relationship between group members, the leaders, the tasks performed by group members determine the internal dynamics of a group. Enron and AIG differed fundamentally on group dynamics. Evidently, both companies had employees, who were dedicated to it, formed highly cohesive cross functional teams. Tourish (2000) identifies characteristic traits of Enron’s leaders as self centered, focusing on self rather than the consequences of their deeds. Similarly, AIG’s leadership, the cases of Enron and AIG show leaders and employees whose individual behavior had similar characteristics organization-wise, indoctrinated to work towards organizational vision. Group processes Drawing from Pitts (2008) notion on governance, Enron and AIG had varied differences on employee group processes identified by the relationship between management and the employees. Within Enron , language and style of relating was highly regulated, according to (Tourish, 2002). AIG’s leadership compared to that of Enron, emphasized on a mean and lean staff. Group patterns and communication channels that existed through which communication occurred clearly indicated patterns of influence according to the journal, In
Love You Forever is one of the most brilliant works by Robert Norman Munsch, a Canadian kid’s writer and storyteller. Although, this book is a part of children’s literature genre, it may be also interesting to lots of adults, both fathers and mothers. Children buy this book for their parents, and parents want to present it to grandparents. In general, everybody would like to buy this book for children, and children want to buy Love You Forever for everybody. It is classis and kind story about a mother and her child. The child grows day by day, and the mother is not tired to remind how much she loves him. Time passes, the child has grown up. Now, his mother is sick and cannot sing for him. It is his time to sing this simple but unbelievably pleasant song to his mother. The creation of this story touches many readers. In 1979 and 1980, the author had two stillborn babies. It was a real tragedy as for Munsch as well as for his wife. Robert created a wonderful song for his dead children, and could not sing it for them. Each time he start singing, he could not but cry. During a certain period of time, this song was just a song of a grievous father. But one day, Munsch decided to create a kind of story around this song. It was the beginning of Love You Forever: “I’ll love you forever/ I’ll like you for always/ As long as I’m living/ My baby you’ll be. (Love You Forever 1) The language, structure, and style of this book are not too complicated. The illustrations created by Sheila McGraw make this story understandable for children. However, to my mind, only parents can understand the real meaning of the words in this story. Children are certainly the greatest blessing any parent can ever get. Even if children can make their parents going crazy, parents will understand everything and provide with the necessary support any time. The author chooses an interesting way to present the events in the story. “The boy grew. He grew and he grew and he grew… Well, that mother, she got older. She got older and older and older.” (Love You Forever) It is a simple truth that parents cannot be young all the time. Children have nothing to do but observe how their parents grow older and cannot spend all the time together. When the main character of the story, the son, comes to his mother and sees that his mother is sick and cannot continue singing the song, he supports her and finishes the song. What can make the mother happier? Maybe, it is the next gesture of the son. When he comes back his own home, he sings the same song to his newborn daughter. To my mind, it is the climax of the story that makes the readers cry a bit. Lots of children do not want to appreciate a chance and spend more time with their parents. The author of this book, Robert Munsch, does not have a chance to share his love and care with his own children. This is why he shares all this with his readers. It does not matter whether you are a teenager or a 40-year old man, after you read this amazing story, you cannot but pick up
Introduction The Construction industry creates a very important part in the development of the economy of a country. This offers good job opportunities especially to the professional field and experienced workers with very attractive earning scales ( Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008). Since the industry is very broad, there is need for proper organization which justifies its division into three organizations as explained below. Types of Organization in The Construction Industry The organization of the Construction Industry can be described in a number of ways depending on the types of work and activities that are carried out. According to the United States Department of Labor, the Construction Industry is divided into three main segments. These segments are classified depending on the type of work executed and include the Construction of Building segment, Heavy Civil Engineering Construction, and lastly, Specialty Trade Construction (Bureau of Labor Statistics US D.O.L, 2008-9). These types of organizations combined will provide very important goods and services such as schools, houses, warehouses, factories and many more thus making construction very beneficial. Below are the descriptions of these types of organizations: The Building Construction Organization – General Contractors In this category the contractors are referred to as general contractors and these will generally build residential, industrial, commercial, and other related buildings in the industry (Bureau of Labor Statistics US D.O.L, 2008 – 9). According to Schexnayder J. Clifford and Richard Mayo, there are three sub-divisions under this type of organization. Below are the comprehensive descriptions of the sub-divisions under this category: General Contractors (Residential) – This is where contractors and developers involved are concerned with building homes, apartments and other important living facilities (Schexnayder J. Clifford and Richard Mayo, pg. 37). Construction of these individual homes is grouped into custom homes that match buyers’ needs and standard designs and floor plans that are offered with limited options and upgrades. Generally, there is no bidding for tenders in this category. For that reason, therefore, negotiation with owner is done in case of the execution of custom designs. On the other hand, for the case of provision of standard designs and floor plans, announcement of price is the condition. The process is therefore quick and cheap than all the other ones. Operative Builders – This category involves the construction of facilities such as stores, schools, office buildings and many other but related built structures. The projects in this category range from small units to multi-million dollar projects such as minor single unit stores to tall office buildings and casinos (Schexnayder J. Clifford and Richard Mayo, pg. 37 – 38). For this category, both government and priv
The article by Fothergill, Maestas, and Darlington examines the issues of race and ethnicity on the example of natural disaster research and addresses the existing challenges and corresponding solutions. The authors emphasize that inequality and risks associated with the technological and natural environment remain one of the unresolved problems. It is argued that studies concerning disaster management and racism, insecurity, and economic strength do not provide sufficient synthesis. The authors aim at revealing the tendencies in the large body of academic literature on natural disaster and policies concerning race and ethnicity. By means of the eight-stage typology based on the chronological sequence approach, the information gained from the available sources is analyzed and exemplified. First and foremost, risk perception data are analyzed. Taking into account the contradictory information received from different articles, the authors present the most essential findings and point out that racial and ethnical communities are reportedly subject to the influence of potential danger. Several examples are provided; one of them touches upon the earthquake threats studies pertaining to fatalism and haphazard events including natural catastrophes. According to the article under analysis, people of color and their communities are generally more vulnerable that the whites and their local areas. The second emphasized stage refers to preparedness. It is underlined that few studies have been carried out, and they also identify non-white population as the unfavored social group. Awareness and education are the focus of the researchers’ attention: while the opportunities to receive money after the earthquake are given, the detailed information is available only in English. Consequently, some of the minorities fail to discover what they should do. Lack of training is also believed to be influential. Besides, the authors explain this state of affairs by the high costs connected with rebuilding. Studying the third stage, warning communication and response, Fothergill, Maestas, and Darlington put forward the idea that warning and its various aspects, e.g., its efficiency, response procedures, and information reliability, are represented in the studies to an adequate degree. As the research indicates, Hispanics tend to utilize social networks more frequently, regard mass media as a credible source of information, and count on kinship to a greater extent than any other group. Further, physical impacts, namely morbidity, mortality, injury statistics, and material losses, are discussed: in this respect, the authors discov