ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Doing business in a foreign country is not an easy thing. A company that is keen on investing in a foreign country has to examine the attractiveness of the foreign market in order to decide whether it is prudent to invest there. In this case, the company has to assess the ease or difficulty of doing business in such a country and some of the hurdles that it needs to overcome (Griffin & Pustay, 2005). This paper is an attempt to determine the political/legal, economic, socio-cultural and technological environment of the U.S market. In addition, the paper shall also explore the Hofstede’s country characteristics of the United States. Political/legal environment The political risk of doing business in the U. S is very low. The country is stable politically, not to mention that it has a very strong legal system. The U.S government has adopted an expansionary fiscal policy aimed at stimulating the economy that was hard hit by the 2007-2009 global financial crisis. As a result, the country’s budget deficit has increased significantly (Hill & McKaig, 2012). The U.S government is also committed to tackling the issue of national security as this can have a negative impact on business activities (Hill & McKaig, 2012). The Obama administration is committed to tackling terrorism and this has helped to quell societal tension. In addition, the U.S government enjoys stable international diplomatic relationships with other countries, and this has helped to foster growth and development in foreign direct investments. The United States also has an integral and reliable legal system. This would be an added advantage to a company that is interested in doing business in the country. However, such a company needs to take note of various municipal, state and federal laws that govern business operations in the United States. Although federal laws apply across the country, municipal and state laws tend to differ from one state to another and as such, it is important for potential investors to take note of such laws and how they are likely to affect their business. International businesses in the U.S wishing to settle emerging disputes with customers and suppliers have nondiscriminatory access to the country’s legal system. Moreover, such business can easily get good lawyers to handle such disputes. Economic environment Some of the issues to consider in terms of the economic environment of the U.S are inflation, infrastructure, wages, interest rates, and taxation. The U.S is ranked as a high income country and as such, it is a viable market worth venturing (Wetherly, & Otter, 2008). The U. S economy is based on a free enterprise system. The country’s economy has remained relatively stable for decades, up to the recent global financial crisis. However, the Federal Reserve has put in place measures to deal with the global financial crisis and this has seen the U.S currency gain against major foreign currencies. Consequently, the country’s inflation rate has reduced and currency fluctuation has stabilized. This is encouraging news to would-be investor
Introduction Brand activism and advertising have an intricate relationship because they determine consumer behavior and the profitability of modern organizations. Brand activism entails the use of social, political, economic, and environmental causes by organizations to create their brands in competitive markets. In their advertising, organizations exploit prevailing brand activism in marketing their commodities in various markets. According to Banet-Weiser (2012), advertisers employ brand activism to shape social practices, beliefs, and opinions with the objective of bringing about societal change and creating a favorable consumer culture. In the same way, green advertising exploits environmental activism in marketing commodities as environmentally friendly and projecting organizations as pro-conservationists. However, Goldman and Papson (1996) hold that green advertising sanitizes environmental degradation, legitimizes corporate practices, and justifies the persistent exploitation of natural resources. In essence, advertising has increased the exploitation and consumption of natural resources, resulting in massive environmental degradation. Therefore, this research paper focuses on analyzing the relationship between brand activism and green advertising by examining activity-based initiatives, ethical consumption, social activism, authenticity, social responsibility, and a case of green commodity activism. Activism-Based Initiatives Activism-based initiatives improve the effectiveness of brands in competitive markets where economic, social, political, and environmental factors come into play. Organizations that create global brands employ activism-based initiatives in accessing a diverse audience. Social activism effectively increases the exposure of brands to highly competitive global markets. For example, the Dove Campaign reached millions of viewers across the world because it employed social activism in depicting the real beauty of an idealized image, self-esteem, and empowerment as attributes of societal change (Banet-Weiser, 2012). Since activity-based initiatives associate brands with noble causes in society, they captivate target consumers and encourage them to participate in creating a better society or achievement of specific success. In its campaign to improve the image of femininity and empower girls through education, the Dove Self-Esteem Fund gained significant publicity and prominence in target markets (Banet-Weiser, 2012). Hence, the brand of Dove soap has dominated the world because social activism is effective in advertising products that associate with various social matters, such as beauty, self-esteem, gender, and empowerment. The utilization of activity-based initiatives is also useful because it facilitates brands to be in tandem with trends of consumer cu
Vitamin B12 is of particular importance to athletes as it directly affects the production of red blood cells. What’s more, other potentially beneficial effects of vitamin B12 include the maintenance of proper immune function, improved nerve signaling, and the synthesis of neurotransmitters and creatine. Krzywański et al. (2020) note that athletes and coaches believe that improved red blood cell parameters are desirable for optimal performance, which is why hemoglobin concentration is their favorite biomarker. Thus, since a lack of vitamin B12 can lead to homocysteine accumulation, anemia, loss of balance, limb numbness, fatigue, and memory impairment, it is crucial for athletes to maintain this level in the normal range. There are various methods of improvement of performance and strength in regards to B12. One of them is the recovery of the level of vitamin B12 by additional intake of this element in the form of a vitamin complex or food supplement for oral administration or intramuscular injections. While Greibe et al. (2018) point out some imperfections of this method, which are associated with the limited capacity of the B12 absorption system, the authors emphasize that this can help to give strength. In this regard, diet is of particular importance in overcoming B12 deficiency. Obeid et al. (2019) assert that the primary food sources of vitamin B12 are poultry, meat, fish, and dairy products. Vitamin B12 deficiency is more common among those who deliberately avoid these foods, including vegans and vegetarians. Therefore, eating a balanced diet is essential to improve performance and strength. The human body is 70% water, and adequate intake of it is vital for maintaining health. According to Gupta et al. (2016), the importance of this liquid is explained, among other things, by the presence in its composition of trace elements that take an active part in regulating the work of organs and tissues, including B12. With a daily intake of the recommended amount of water, a person receives 25% of the daily requirement of essential vitamins and minerals. However, it is crucial to choose the right type of water, as in some cases, it can lead to a deficiency of vitamins, including B12. Gupta et al. (2016) state that to maintain normal vitamin B12 levels, drinking water treated with reverse osmosis (RO) technology should be avoided. Therefore, since hydration is vital for normalizing B12 levels, it is crucial to be extremely careful with water intake.
Introduction Educators conduct investigations thus discovering several ways of instilling knowledge upon learners. It is vital to assert that the discovery of differentiated instruction has achieved scores of goals in the academic ambience. Differentiated instruction (DI) encompasses crafting numerous pathways so that students of diverse aptitudes, concerns, or learning requirements experience uniformly suitable ways to understand, employ, and exude conceptions as a component of the daily education practices (O’Meara, 2010). It permits students to acquire superior liability and possession for their personal learning, and grants chances for peer coaching and mutual learning. DI, also multilevel training, requires s
Introduction This essay is an analysis of Flannery O’Connor’s short story “The Lesson”. It is divided into four sessions and the first is a summary of the story and a discussion of the major themes and ideas. This section is designed to offer the audience an understanding of the story. The discussion of the themes is vital in enabling a reader to exemplify the various ideas that this essay is designed to address within society. The second section offers a historical and cultural background of the short story, boosting relatability. The third section analyzes the various literary devices covered in the short story. This section exemplifies the ardent mastery of grammar and masterful understanding of the English language and its writing styles. The final section of this essay is the conclusion that pieces together all the ideas presented in the paper. The story addresses the importance of education and the economic inequalities existent within the world when the story was authored (Bambara). The story is significant because these problems are still pertinent in the world and require solutions. The unequal distribution of wealth in America is the outstanding argument in the story and goes beyond the literal interpretation and assumptions made. Summary and Major Themes The story is told by a young, poor black girl called Sylvia growing up in Harlem. It details a trip initiated by a local woman who is the only educated person in the neighborhood. The woman feels responsible for ensuring the children are exposed to the evils that dominate the world. She takes the children to FAO Schwartz in Manhattan where toys of white children cost more than all their household expenses. The major themes apparent in the story are education and economic inequality. The children are ignorant of the racial disparity in economic opportunities. Miss Moore asks the children whether they are knowledgeable about money but they ignorantly dismiss her question due to minimal understanding (Bambara). The story also highlights the economic inequalities that plague black people. Sylvia suggests that their time would be better spent terrorizing wealthier kids while stealing their hair ribbons and money. Their state of poverty also makes Sylvia desire the subway due to its cooler more conducive environment. When they arrive at their destination, Sugar suggests Sylvia should give the driver a dime for a tip but she decides she needs it more than him. Historical and Cultural Background The story is set in the 1960s US where the evil of economic inequality and miseducation of the black race was rampant. The African Americans were discriminated in various ways and racism was truly alive in the state, though masked and hidden (Kraus et al.). The evils of economic inequality meant that African Americans lived in slums where the quality of the housing was poor. This is illustrated in the story by Sylvia’s desire to flee her home and head to the subway as it is cooler hence more conducive. The inequality also predisposed black people to poverty and they were unable to afford most amenities, including the basic ones
Industries discharge lots of by products during their operations. These releases can be harmful to the environment. The emissions are in the form of gases, solids, and even liquids. With the increased manufacturing and production industries, the amount of pollutants discharged into the environment is appalling. Most of the major environmental degradations, at present, result from pollution. Climate change, water and air contamination, poor crop produce, mutations in animals and humans, among other alterations to normal life patterns, are known cases of pollution effects. Due to the increased destruction of life, strategies to curb levels of emissions are necessary. An executive policy known as cap and trade is being formulated in the American congress. It endeavors to monitor industrial effluences by issuing trade inducements and financial benefits. Using the stimulus, the American government hopes to trim down discharge of toxins. Countries restrict the allowable levels of toxics released by organizations. The authorities have regulations that can provide firms with discharged licenses. Consequently, the industries are obligated to maintain a comparable amount of approved discharges as per the license. The endorsements are in place for the permission to discharge a precise quantity. Documents for authorization do not permit a firm to go past the boundaries set to control levels. However, organizations can discharge more toxic wastes by purchasing approvals from institutes that eject lesser amounts of toxic wastes. This exchange of approvals is known as trade in carbon credits. In essence, the purchaser compensates for discharging toxic wastes in their organizations. On the other hand, the vendor gets a return for possessing a cut in discharged amounts. Hypothetically, organizations that can minimize toxic release inexpensively
Introduction Folklore as we know it is a form of literature that is legendary in the sense that it was written a long time ago. This form of literature can be in form of folktales, music, sayings, and proverbs depicting the culture and livelihoods of the society. This write up is going to focus on traditional literature in form of folktales that were written a long time ago. Of particular interest to this essay is the level of violence depicted in some of the folktales. This essay will argue for the assertion that traditional folktales are violent and that children should not be exposed to such forms of literature. Critical analysis of folk literature Over the years, traditional literature has maintained its originality in form of context therefore, such stories have continuously conveyed issues that were highlighted or issues that were relevant at the particular time when such literature was written. Bearing in mind that human culture and behavior has changed over time, then, traditional literature instigated with the intention of inflicting violence or fear is misplaced in the current society. In addition, most traditional folklores were designed to depict events as they occurred without censoring or editing sensitive portions. Young children up to the age of 13 years are guide by their seniors and as such, if their guardian subjects them to literature that depicts violence or fear, then, they are destined to believe that human beings thrive under violent circumstances or violence and inflicting fear is part of the human culture. For instance, in the fare tale of “Iron Hans” the author narrates that a long time ago in a particular kingdom headed by a king, a great number of hunts men who were on a war mission disappeared into the forest and they were never t
Study Background Human trafficking is a global problem that affects the lives of millions of people in every country in the world and deprives them of their human dignity. As one of the most infamous crimes in the world, sex trafficking deceives and victimizes women, sometimes even men and children from all over the world, and makes them the target of daily exploitation (Twis, 2020; Tsai, 2017; Shanley and Jordan, 2017). This problem is rooted in many issues, but one of the most influential is poverty. Poor countries often lack the financial resources to provide adequate education to their populations, especially young girls, which significantly limits their opportunities (Franchino-Olsen, 2021; Gerassi and Nichols, 2017). Children and women who live in the developing countries face the greatest exploitation in the sex market (Crawford, 2017; Hamid, 2019; Litam, 2017). The reason women are most often exploited in sex trafficking is that they lack the access to food, employment, education, and health services. As a result, they often seek alternative means as a source of income that is not always legal or secure. Research Question and Objectives The proposed research question is to learn how the phenomenon of poverty is connected to sex trafficking. The objectives to be explored are formulated as follows:  1. To describe the meaning of sex trafficking.  2. To analyze the root causes of sex trafficking.  3. To investigate the relationship between the phenomenon of poverty and sex trafficking. Research Methods The methodology uses Subjective Legal Empowerment (SLE) theory as a tool to measure the impact of poverty on human trafficking. Subjective Legal Empowerment (SLE) is a measure of legal empowerment based on individual perceptions. This theory suggests that a perceived lack of power is a barrier to solving the existing legal problems. This measurement can be taken with regard to the question of whether a person is at a heightened risk of sex trafficking. It is supposed that a person with lower SLE is more likely to become a victim. However, the methodology provides some way to predict the likelihood of a person who encounters such a situation to avoid sex trafficking. To direct the development of the methodological framework, the hypothesis was formulated: the causes of sex trafficking are more prevalent among poor people, prompting them to enter this chain at a higher rate. To test this research hypothesis, a qualitative approach was adopted. Qualitative analysis facilitates the understanding of how the causes of trafficking influence human behavior and its outcomes. The research methodology employs several types of data collection: surveys, in-depth interviews, and focus groups. Literature Review The EBSCOhost, PsychInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science electronic databases from 2017 to 2021 were searched. These were chosen because of the socio-economic focus that encomp
The Battery Issue Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7 has been recalled worldwide after reports that the devices can catch fire while charging due to a problem in the smartphone’s battery. At first, there were reports that the phones could overheat and explode. More and more phones were returned to the stores; Samsung exchanged the blasted phones for new, supposedly safe ones. However, batteries in these phones exploded too. At last, Samsung has stopped any sales of the Galaxy Note 7 and announced that the production of the smartphone would be shut down (Domonoske and Gonzales par. 1). Neither old nor new models of the smartphone seemed to be reliable – they continued to explode, resulting in injuries and ignition. Samsung Galaxy Note 7’s batteries overheat because their battery management system does not work correctly; although it does control the electrical current during the charging, it does not communicate with the phone chip when the battery is full. Thus, it begins to overheat, becomes unstable, and explodes (Chamary par. 4). As experts state, the problem also lies within the lithium-ion batteries because the manufacturers prefer those batteries that are less stable but show higher performance (Chamary par. 5). Thus, to gain profit, manufacturers prefer to neglect consumers’ safety. Ethical Framework Ethics in business decision making implies that the company will follow a particular set of rules while manufacturing, promoting, and selling their product. The exploding smartphones have shown that, although the Samsung Company’s status and quality of products were supposed to be at the highest levels, they are not trustworthy from the consumers’ point of view. As stated in Samsung Electronics’ Corporate Ethics , “We care for the environment, health, and safety” (2). Nevertheless, the recent problems with batteries have shown that Samsung had not thoroughly evaluated the consequences of using cheap, but unstable lithium-ion batteries in their products. How Samsung Neglected the Ethics Ethical standards can be various, but the main three ethical frameworks used in business decision making usually are the Consequentialist framework, the Duty framework, and the Virtue framework (“A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions” par. 11). The first focuses on the future effects of the product and how they will influence the consumers. The second framework implies that the manufacturer will pay attention to the duties it has and how these duties can be followed correctly. At last, the third framework demands to examine the character traits and virtues (of the company) to understand what they might be indicating (“A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions” par. 15). As can be seen, all three frameworks were violated by Samsung. Moreover, Samsung decided to self-test the batteries, while Samsung’s rivals in the industry sent their batteries to outside labs for testing (Toh par. 8). Although such an approach is common because it allows the companies to preserve proprietary information