ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Life Pleasant and Hazardous How many people enjoy life? Most, one may say. And what are the pleasures people enjoy? Reading a good love story or being enthusiastic with the new best-seller, thriller by King, or probably you like very good movies. The list is to be completed with every own taste. And isn’t enjoying life through the meals or drink pleasant? One can say it is and will definitely be right. But is that kind of pleasure pleasant? Or maybe hazardous? The problem called substance addiction is widely spoken about and is learned very much from all the facets of modern society. Any drug that is cocaine, heroin, opium, alcohol, tobacco abuse, or some other drug abuse is not pleasant anymore when conditioned to addiction, and its withdrawal is painful. Caffeine addiction “A single cup of coffee a day is enough to get you hooked on caffeine, it is revealed today” (p. 26, Mark Prigg). The problem of caffeine abuse is so regular in society that caffeine addiction is called common today. The questions to ask students, for instance, concerning the quantity of coffee drank per day, the sum of money spent on it for some period of time, and the main is there any predisposed need of abusing caffeine. Aspects concerning professional interests can be of pros and cons of including the caffeine withdrawal syndrome in the DSM. Rebecca Brinker employed for Starbucks says on average, there are around 400 to 500 people who buy a coffee a day, not including the faculty. Sometimes, there are repeat customers who will buy coffee three or four times a day, and their best seller is Frappuccino and Caramel Macchiato. And from the coffee makers and distributors part, the questions of the profit and quality of the coffee sold are concerned. Professor Roland Griffiths, involved in researching the problem of caffeine abuse from, says that caffeine is the best known in the world and commonly used stimulant and its cheapness and easy availability stand for the easy and simple way of getting and maintaining. And continuing the research conclusion, Griffiths states that caffeine addiction, when reducing the daily dose, causes the suffering a number of withdrawal symptoms such as tiredness, headache, difficulty concentrating, and so forth. That is today’s reality. An average citizen Steve Pavlina recalls when after connecting his life with programming PC games, he began drinking coffee, often sometimes every day of the month, sometimes breaking the habit, but it was cyclical anyway. But then there was the book “Pour Your Heart Into It” by Schultz. As Steve says, the author made a gourmet coffee sound in a manner that Steve embarked on a Starbucks kick at on
Articles Review In his article, Connelly discusses the role of a theoretical framework for research. The author puts a special emphasis on the fact that many researchers fail to provide a consistent theoretical basis for their studies. Hence, it is often unclear why a particular hypothesis is advanced or what determines the choice of the methods (Connelly, 2014). The author points out that a failure to establish a strong interconnection between theory and practice can have negative consequences – the research might base on an ungrounded hypothesis and, as a result, its findings will be unreliable as well. In other words, Connelly shows that a theoretical framework or model is a critical element of decision-making as it allows nurses to generate new theories based on reliable models. Green, in his turn, focuses on the importance of a theoretical concept in the context of qualitative studies. In his article, the author tries to determine why novice researchers often fail to ensure a consistent theoretical framework for their studies. The author believes that the terms theoretical framework and conceptual framework might serve to be a confusing factors. Otherwise stated, novice researchers might misunderstand the meaning of these notions and, thus, fail to use them in their studies (Green, 2014). Therefore, Green comes to the conclusion that the expert community should focus on revealing the meaning of such important terms as theoretical and conceptual frameworks so that novice researchers realize the role they play in generating the research design. The author believes that all qualitative studies, except for grounded theories, should have a concise theoretical frame that will ensure the interconnection between the hypothesis, the set objectives, and the outcomes. Evidence Review First and foremost, it should be pointed out that most of the experts agree upon the fact that the learning potential of patients with learning disabilities (PLD) is underestimated critically. Another theme that is present in almost every article is the lack of due consideration of the needs of such patients in healthcare organizations. Therefore, the expert community emphasizes the necessity for change. In addition, there is a common opinion that the problem of PLD patients should be addressed not only by the healthcare community but by family members as well. Therefore, upon the analysis of the common themes and particular theoretical evidence, a conceptual map was created. Underpinning Theory As long as the research targets to point out the ways to design an effe
Name of the professional: Ms. Cynthia McCauge Title: Senior Vice President and Director of Human Resources, Coca-Cola Place of business: Atlanta, USA Date interviewed: 17.11.09 Background Information How did you get started in this field? What is your education? I joined this company in 1982, and then I have gone across the entire coca-cola business in the world. I was appointed as a team leader to lead the human resources function in Coca Cola beverages Plc which is located in Great Britain. In the year 2000, it was converted into Coca-Cola Hellenic. Then in the year 2004, I rejoined the company as Director of human resources, which I considered being a challenging role in my entire career. I am a postgraduate in human resources and also have a doctorate degree in international human resource management. What educational background might be helpful in entering this field? To be more oriented in this field, it is essential to have a clear and basic idea regarding human resources management. Master in human resources management is considered to be a compulsory background in this field. Work environment information What are the daily duties of the job? As a Senior Vice President and Director of human resources management in Coca –Cola, I am the person who is responsible for controlling and provide appropriate guidelines for my subordinates in order to control their work team. What are the working conditions? What skills/abilities are utilized in this work? The employees must be present in the workplace at the proper time, and there is no excuse for that. Punctuality is the most important factor that has to be built up for bringing out the capabilities that are hidden in them. The important skill which is required for this job is the ability to understand human behavior. We must be capable of understanding the areas where the employees should improve for the accomplishment of the organizational goals. Problems What are the toughest problems you deal with? How have you overcome these problems? The toughest problem which I faced was the issues related to cultural differences within the organization because our employees are from different countries and from different cultures. What I did for this was I made the employees feel that they all belong to one family, which is the Coca-Cola family, and we all have one culture that is Coca-Cola Culture. This created a sense of belongingness in the minds of the employees, which increased their productivity. Lifestyle What obliga
The name America is synonymous with innovative product developments (Cole, para. 1) and application of various cutting-edge technologies. This has helped in revolutionalizing the world in very many spheres including the technological aspects. It is therefore imperative that the American government protect the intellectual property assets because her legacy, health and economy are hinged on it. When the people of America joined the rest of the world in commemorating World Intellectual Property day, on April 26, it marked the celebration of the input that the American people have made in music, literary work, film, and their continued inventive prowess. This has made America stand tall among her peers. Over the years, there has been continued growth in technological innovations. The citizens can access internet services than ever before because of increased broadband access. All these together with the current global manufacturing distribution channels have enhanced the rate at which American products and their creative contents are marketed in the world market. It is quite absurd that some people have capitalized on advancement in technology to enrich themselves albeit illegally. They further this by infringing copyright laws, counterfeiting trademark, and engaging in economic espionage. These are just some of the intellectual property offenses that have hit hard authors, artists and inventors. It is thought provoking that the American citizens who are supposed to be helping in abetting such criminal activities have helped further its course by buying these counterfeit products. National Crime Prevention Council purports that many Americans do not understand the gravity of engaging in infringement of copyright laws and espionage. Most of the people who engage in such activities cite tough economic times as a major driving factor. A perception that intellectual property crime is risk free and victims should be divorced from people’s faculty of thought by initiating legislations that would protect the citizenry and ensure they are consuming high quality products and services. Intellectual property crime leads to job losses as revenues to the tunes of billions of dollars are lost. Worse still, the American people continue to use low quality goods and services which impact negatively on their health and safety. When talks of intellectual property crime many tend to think that it is something that is a mirage away from them. They fail to recognize that it affects them basically in all aspects of their day to day lives from batteries used in homes to armed forces installations. Department’s Task Force on Intellectual Property intends to achieve their objectives by reigning in on perpetrators
Unique qualities and importance of interviews In simple terms, interviews are goal-oriented and goal-driven transactions between two people (dyadic transactions). All forms of interviews are normally characterized by questions and answers with a clear structure, imbalance as well as control. Interviews have several characteristics common in other forms of communication between two people. However, interviews are unique in that their communication is primarily symbolic and transactional because both verbal and nonverbal communication is involved. Besides, the communication within an interview requires meaning and is both representational and presentational. It is also worth noting that an interview allows two persons to reduce anxiety. Unlike other forms of two-way communication, an interview requires effective listening to be successful. In this context, the two individuals involved in an interview communication are required to be engaging, critical, and relational. It is also evident that communication within an interview involves identity, cultural and relational work. Despite this, these are not the only features that make interviews unique from other forms of communication between two people. Five aspects of interviews make them unique and distinguish them from other types of communication. First, interviews are goal-driven, which means that communication between two parties aims to achieve something beyond the simple exchange of words and symbols. They have a clear purpose or goal to be achieved. In research, an interview aims to come up with information that will help to describe or solve a problem. Secondly, interviews have a question-answer structure. One party is set to ask questions while the other has the role of providing answers to these questions. Thirdly, unlike other forms of communication between two parties, interviews are structured. For instance, interviews involve planning and preparation of questions to develop a clear sequence. This is not common in other forms of communication between two individuals because there is no chance for spontaneous communication or communication without purpose. Moreover, the party responsible for asking questions (the interviewer) has the role of controlling an interview. The purpose of controlling the process is to ensure that it moves towards achieving the intended goal. Finally, an interview has an unbalanced time. In this context, the interviewer only takes less than 30% of the total time to speak while 70% is used to listen to the interviewee. Learning interviews in business psychology is important for several reasons. For instance, it helps the student to develop skills in information finding, especially in areas that need one to get information from people. For example, the field of research in business requires an in-depth understanding of the parties involved, including corporate leaders, employees, intermediaries, and consumers. Questionnaires Questions can be closed or open-ended. The two types of questions have distinct features that distinguish them. Also
In contemporary Saudi Arabian economy, demand for residential housing is on the rise; according to a Saudi Arabia Housing Sector Outlook, the economy’s demand for new housing is expected to grow at a rate of 18% per annum during the period of 2010 to 2013. The report further clarifies that by 2015, the country is in need of 1.65 million new residential units. With the hiked demand for housing, the mortgage industry has grown drastically: banking and financial institutions are tapping these markets and developing effective means to mitigate losses as a result. Demand for housing has grown due to an increasing youthful population that is setting small families at younger age; the country has a high population growth rate having doubled for the last forty years to 28.7 million, all these people have lead to the growth of the housing industry (Saudi Arabia Economic Statistics and Indicators). This paper discusses the countries mortgage business trends. Borrowers risk and residential mortgage lending Residential mortgage lending means housing financing of homes; this is where a borrower takes a loan facility in the form of a mortgage to buy or construct a house to live in. The main difference that the facility has with commercial leading is that the bought house is expected to be the living premises of the borrower and not rented out for business purposes. The sector is the fastest growing in Saudi Arabia where young people are looking for homes to buy, or be financed to be build one. With the rise in demand of residential mortgage lending, and the need to make them affordable and protect the lenders, Shura Council has developed some lending policies. An amendment was passed in April 2011, where the countries housing authority was upgraded to a full ministry and expected to use $67 billion to build 500,000 homes; the ministry is expected to have a budget of $4 billion. In Islamic banking, of which are the majority in Saudi Arabia, residential mortgage lending follows regulations of SAMA; it happens that the lender engages into a contract by a third party, buys the house and rents the house to the customer. The amount of rent will have an element that goes to the bank as a gain from investment what is the financial benefit to the bank and another amount that goes to the principal amount. When lending banks and other financial institutions under the regulations of SAMA have a structure that works as the contract between the lender and the borrower; the contract is made with the prevailing condition at the time of lending taken to task; however, the situation may change creating some difficulty in the honor of the payment agreement. Any change or chances of a change that might result to strained payment or default is called borrows risk. Borrows risk can thus be defined as the chances at which a borrower will default (willingly and unwillingly) paying the loan (Raymond, Ying-Foon and Ming 5-32). Factors you think are relevant in determining borrower’s risk When offering loans, a bank has to gauge the chances of success of the loan; the same happens with mortgage financing; the following are the fac
Introduction America is the land where Capitalism is on the triumphant march. Meanwhile democracy is also assumed to be in its full-fledged state. Nevertheless around 1980s there was a great U-turn in American economy. There must be an interrelationship among these events in American history. Undoubtedly democracy is the government of the people, for the people, by the people.’ But it is also true that it is only a part of the people of which the government is, has raised, still is raising, the concrete jungle to ensure a high return to their capital. Consequently the infrastructural development in America has created more employment opportunity for average people but the gulf between the rich and the poor has widened. Mr. Thomas Frank is right when he pronounces that there is nothing liberty’. When he tries to slip under the door of Marxism, he appears to be the butcher who rescued a deer from the clutch of a wolf just with a view to chopping it for meat. He is not sighted enough to see the fact that liberty in America is being raped economically and she should be rescued from her economic rapists. Status of Liberty in America A citizen of America can enjoy their freedom; here one person can easily express his/her opinion, can enjoy the fundamental right. But the people in many other countries of the world can not enjoy these facilities. The Syrian people can not express their opinion freely because the Emergency Law is choking their throat. In Saudi Arab a women cannot stay hotel without the permission of family. Is it freedom? Mr. Thomas Frank paints a picture of American life which resemble to that of a Third World country. In America, the poverty rate is12.5% to 12.7% and “the unemployment rate fell in December to 5.7 percent from 5.9 percent in November of 2004,” (Gross, 30 Jan. 2004); and it again declined in 2007 as 4.6% (The World Fact Book, 2008). ( NB. Despite a year in which the US economy added jobs, the percentage of Americans living in poverty grew from 12.5 to 12.7 percent last year – the fourth straight year it’s risen”). The citizen has right to change their job and their job is available. But the third world countries such as India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka’s pove
Abstract Gun violence prevention is one of the critical public health issues in the US since the current policies cannot address this epidemic. The horrific acts of violence are committed every day, leading to human suffering and enormous medical costs. Although it is recognized that no single solution can be applied to this problem, the government tries to combat gun violence by issuing the related policies. It is essential to extensively research and fund gun violence prevention to establish successful initiatives for public health improvement. While New Jersey enacted several bills that facilitate the introduction of the Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPS), there is a need to understand the techniques that should be used to adopt them in practice. The efforts of social services, law enforcement, and community providers should be coordinated and focused. Keywords: gun violence, reinjury, public health, Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPS) The events of mass shooting and gun violence tend to remain critical in the US, leading to numerous preventable deaths. The increase in the frequency of gun violence is an alarming issue that requires a multifaceted solution to be supported by the government. In particular, approximately 80 persons die daily from shooting since they committed a suicide or another person they knew killed them (Affinati et al., 2016). Therefore, it is essential to explore the reasons for gun violence and research potential intervention as only evidence-based solutions can help in addressing this public health problem. Among possible solutions, one can list more background checks and restrictions on owning guns to protect people. The key idea is to decrease the exposure to firearm violence, focusing on strategies to enforce and improve policies. Despite the efforts initiated by the US government to protect its citizens from gun violence, the national injury and crime rates remain high. Violent injury and reinjury are often faced by the most vulnerable communities once a patient was hospitalized. The emergency departments present an access point, through which 50 percent of those who were intentionally injured and discharged from the hospital receive another trauma (Affinati et al., 2016). It is important to emphasize that not only physical but also psychological complications occur, including acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The recent research shows that the “annual societal cost of firearm injury in the USA is estimated to be US$174.1 billion” (Affinati et al., 2016, p. 1). The major part of violent injury cases involves people who have no or limited insurance. Reasons for Implementing the Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPS) In 2018, the state of New Jersey enacted the Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPS) bill to protect its citizens from repeated injury and address