ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Contemporary ethics becomes more and more significant because of the processes of globalization that increasingly interconnect the world making people united. Contemporary ethics suggests that friendship is based on love, trust, and respect for human (Jeffko, 2013). As a rule, ties of friendship are bound to people with common interests (MacKinnon & Fiala, 2014). Friendship concept involves deep personal affection for each other and special revelation. Perspective on the Fate of Friendship under the Impact of Contemporary Ethics Is friendship possible in the modern world dominated by pragmatism and will it exist in the future? No doubt that friendship is always necessary. After all, the friendship requires communication, trust, understanding, reciprocity, and sincerity (Richards, 2013). Who will be able to live without it? I believe nobody. There are several factors influencing the perspective on the fate of friendship. First of all, online social media affects friendship. Online communication becomes popular partially pushing communication in the real world. However, sometimes it causes a problem of Internet dependence including the inclination on the virtual social networking. Nevertheless, this friendship is presented in an entirely different form because friends cannot see or even hear each other, they just correspond. This friendship gives confidence as a person can share his feelings and emotions with his friend, and, perhaps, helps to create a better atmosphere for dialogue. It goes without saying that people get acquainted and make friends at work. Therefore, working conditions have an impact on friendship as well. For instance, a friendly attitude of the authorities promotes and strengthens friendship between employees while unfavorable conditions such as heavy workload or unjustifiably different salary deteriorate it. People working in the team interact with each other every day solving problems and achieving common goals. The same occupation contributes to the development of friendly relations between employees. Another component is religion. Although it is said that friendship has no religion, world experience states that many people and even countries cease friendship because of religion. In the modern epoch, people can freely communicate in the social network with friends from around the world. Moreover, it does not matter who they are by nationality and by faith. After all, friendship is the highest value. In my opinion, there is no reason to think that friendship will disappear in the future. Friendship programmed for joy because it is based on freedom. Friendship is vulnerable that is why some people disappointed in it. However, it is necessary to continue to communicate with friends without interrupting contact and avoiding serious conflicts. Philosophers Discussion Plenty of philosophers examined the notion of “friendship”. For instance, Cicero takes the point of view of the social entity, in other words, he defines friendship as personal affection and understanding that is i
Introduction Throughout my life, I have always looked up to individuals in society distinguished by exceptional courage, nobility, and strength for inspiration. I define a hero as a person who embraces courage in order to achieve tough exploits that influence society in a positive manner. One of the people I consider as a personal hero is Bob Marley. He was born Robert Nesta Marley on 6 th February 1945 in Nine Mile, Saint Ann, Jamaica. He died on 11 th May 1981 in Miami, Florida, United States (Jeffrey 8). The Jamaican singer is one of the most celebrated musical legends who influenced many people and brought change to society. He was popularly referred to as Bob. Through reggae, a popular music genre that originated in the West Indies, Marley played a crucial role in changing people’s perceptions about the structure of music and its role in society. My life has revolved around music since I was a child. In that regard, Marley is one of the few highly dedicated artists who made me fall in love with music. Marley used music to bring feelings of optimism, love, conviction, and potency to millions of listeners across the world (Jeffrey 14). He used music to encourage positive change in numerous societies across the world. Many people have developed strong relationships between their lives and Marley’s music. Discussion One of the most inspirational aspects of Marley was the touching nature of the words he shared through music. There are many aspe
Counseling is defined as providing professional guidance to an individual in dealing with his or her personal or psychological problems (Bishop, 2018). Values are the morals that an individual considers acceptable concerning what is right and wrong (Bishop, 2018). Thus, through a combined approach, counseling and values are the help a professional gives to an individual while taking into consideration what they term as morally acceptable in trying to solve their problems. It is important to note that the professional help offered will vary from one individual to the other. Due to the distinct differences observed, counselors have to ensure they do not carry bias from one patient to another. This is often challenging in practice. The Counselling and Values Journal (CVJ) offers insights into the said challenge through a compilation of several research studies. These studies are published annually and are available on the Wiley & Sons Inc. publishers. This essay summarizes the identified article by Brittany Bishop titled “Advocating for Atheist Clients in the Counselling Profession.” The article was selected from the numerous studies published by CVJ. According to Bishop (2018), counselors have mixed reactions when treating atheist clients. Atheists do not believe in God but instead, believe in the physical world. Atheists, thus, value guidance that they get from a scientific viewpoint as opposed to an emotional one. Bishop (2018) states that in the United States, atheists are considered a minority and marginalized group due to the prevalence of Christianity. The group has also been discriminated against due to their questioned morality. Bishop (2018) advises counselors dealing with atheists to follow the code of conduct set out in the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counselling (ASERVIC). ASERVIC is an association of counselors who believe that a person’s well-being is linked to spiritual, ethical, and religious
Web 2.0 In the past ten years Web 2.0 was described from diverse viewpoints and by diverse scholars (Berger, 2010; Chai, 2011). Even the descriptions of Web 2.0 components are exceedingly arguable; however, such definitions do include each other since Web 2.0 is defined as the social application of the website which enables users to team up, to get dynamically concerned in generating material, with a view of promoting understanding and distributing information electronically. A Web 2.0 platform is perceived to have a rising task of transforming learning and instructing (Buerkett, 2011). Particular components and products contributing to the success of Web 2.0 in schooling comprise blogs, face book, wikis, social bookmarking and media-distributing. The growth of Web 2.0 over the years has changed the means in which the online content is applied by most people. Now the online content is no longer a one-side teaching platform where the students download information and related materials generated by a comparatively small number of Web 2.0 users. Instead, the Web 2.0 is therefore perceived to be organized along considerably diverse attributes than the cyberspace-age internet of the late 1990s. This sense of website utilization now being a contributory and joint action is replicated in the language utilized in describing social media platforms. This application utilization is frequently defined based on alliance, innovation and friendliness. Social media sites are perceived to be transparent rather than closed. A social platform user goes online with a view of sharing and rating information. The perspectives in which the online platform is expected in 2012 is undoubtedly different to that of 5 years before-thus the emerging of the brand Web 2.0 (Chai, 2011). Amidst such pedagogical improvements, various learning facilities (and teachers) now find themselves anticipated to remain relevant as far as Web 2.0 components and Web 2.0 users are concerned. Certainly, allegations of a digital divide between learning and the rest of community can be linked to the emergence of radio and video during the early years of the 20 th century. In fact, as with majority of such early trends of emerging technology, Web 2.0 remains a field of substantial anticipation, amplification and exaggeration. It is critical, therefore, that the instructors are capable of approaching Web 2.0 in an objective and measured way (Buerkett, 2011). There is need to view Web 2.0 applications from an educational viewpoint, in order that learners can turn out to be electronically confident and prepared for the setbacks of the digital culture. Therefore, we as teachers are at first required to pursue neither a challenging syllabus, thick with theoretical approaches, nor one which enhances logical suppleness, but a course which involves those capabilities which are significant to the future
Gangs in the United States and worldwide have been associated with vices that degrade a country’s human life and social development. The result of cartels in the United States is described separately for each state. In the United States alone, well over 33,000 aggressive criminal organizations and prison gangs operate unlawfully in United States (Bleakley, 2019, p. 106). Many are intelligent and well-coordinated; they all employ terror to maintain control of communities and promote unlawful money-making practices, including burglary, drug, firearm smuggling, sex, human trafficking, and extortion. Numerous gang criminals continue to conduct atrocities after being imprisoned. The Latin Kings are not an exceptional gang since their activities and practices are similar to those of other units. This paper aims at discussing the evolution, relationship to criminal activities, and the effects of the gang’s illegal activities on the communities in which they operate, among other activities of the Latin Kings. History, Origin, and Estimated Number of the Gang The Latin Kings street crime syndicate is one of the most notorious gangs in the United States. It was founded in the 1960s in Chicago and was primarily composed of Mexican and Puerto Rican individuals (Bleakley, 2019). Founded to conquer racial discrimination and establish a kingly organization, the Latin Kings grew into a violent operation in the United States under two umbrella splinter groups (Bleakley, 2019). The two groups were Motherland, also called King Motherland Chicago, and Bloodline, New York (Bleakley, 2019). Latin Kings affiliated with the parent group is known as the Almighty Latin King Nation (ALKN), consists of over 160 organized units functioning in 158 localities across 31 states (Berardi & Bucerius, 2020, p. 145). The current Latin Kings’ affiliation in the KMC is between 20,000 and 35,000 (Berardi & Bucerius, 2020, p. 145). They are spread wholly throughout America, from Chicago, Connecticut, New York, California, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Florida, and Illinois. While Bloodline Latin Kings have a shared culture and work system with KMC and regard them as the parental, no units report to the Chicago management hierarchy. The Gang Relationship to Crime, Violence, and Source of Income The group’s principal source of income comes from violence and criminal activities such as the trafficking of powder cocaine, crack cocaine, morphine, and marijuana on the street. Latin Kings maintain their image as a nonprofit group while indulging in violent crimes, including vandalism, assassination, impersonation, and financial fraud (Leverso & Hsiao, 2020). Numerous investigations have established that followers of the Latin kings’ organization utilize social media to taunt and intimidate one another in the setting of criminal engagement, simulating gangbanging on the geographical street. For example, Leverso and Hsiao (2020) discovered t
Writing as a professional economist, my response to the recent article entitled ‘A Reluctance to Retire Means Fewer Openings’, by Catherine Marshall and Matthew Saltmarsh, (published September 2 nd 2009 1 ), is to welcome it, as a sound contribution to debate, not just in relation to the modern understanding and study of Economics overall, but for its tackling the important, if not crucial, number of issues surrounding retirement that will potentially effect everybody’s future in the world today. The primary aim of this written response then, tackles these points. Principally those economic problems that the article highlights as arising from the effects of delayed retirement common to the experience of the United States – problems, which the article’s twin author’s correctly point out – somewhat unique to the United States economy, in contrast to other Western economies. Taking this as its fundamental point of agreement, this response first, provides an economic analysis of these problems specific to the United States, with an eye to further discussing issues concerning future policy implications and consequences, who gains and who loses from these, and finally the impact this will have on market efficiency. As mentioned, the Marshall and Saltmarsh article, highlights how the United States stands differently to many other countries in the world, in that, its policy regarding retirement, is very much one which relies on retiring individuals making and managing their own financial provisions for their retirement years. This contrast then, with many other advanced Western democracies, where there remains in place what the article’s authors describe as adequate financial resources, allowing for traditional practices of providing in-built corporate retirement packages to continue unabated. This, in the case of the latter, has meant retirement remains an attractive option. Whereas in the United States, many singles as well as couples, have lost a great deal in recent years, due to personal savings taking a pounding in the financial markets. Conscientious savers eager (like many others), to take advantage of their retirement years to live out their ‘cherished dreams’, have contrastingly, been forced not merely to shelve these plans, but to carry on working into their retirement, and even then, as the article highlights, fail to regain all but a little of what they have lost. This has effect also is not confined to a small or limited number of retirees, it encompasses right across the broad financial spectrum. Naturally, policy implications, about how to best deal with repercussions figure high up on the United States agenda, especially, as even in Europe, where the degree of severity regarding this issue is not deemed as yet at crisis point. Indeed, as an example, the article cites the case of the United King
The president of the United States of Enlighten-ica gives a speech about combating terrorism and putting an end to it once and for all. He makes a brilliant proposal to solve the problem of terrorism and to help democracy prevail. He first highlights all the benefits of the plan and then he tells the audience about the plan and how exactly it will be implemented. It’s Sunday morning in a land far more enlightened than the rest of the world, henceforth, giving the country the proud name, ‘The United States of Enlighten-ica’. All the enlightened people of the country have gathered around the television to hear and watch a special broadcast of what the enlighteners in the ‘black house’ have to say, especially one particular enlightener. This enlightener has just broken out into a rap: Yooo Kupuh chukuh kuhhh, kupuh chukuh kuhhh Check this out yo Im da real enlightnuh Yes, I’m da real enlighnuh All the other enlighten are just enlighten bashing And all these terrorists be attacking So I got the real plan, the fo-real plan To stop all this enlightened bashing Kupuh chukuh kuhh, kupuh chukuh kuh Momentary silence is penetrated in all of Enlighten-ica. “Heyyy yall, wassup all my E’s, how yall be doing,” the enlightener segues into talking mode keeping the flavor alive, and carries on with his ‘formal plan. “We the enlightened people care deeply about all the other people of the world, and to give the rest of the world a chance to be as enlightened as we are, we must give them the gift of Democracy. Buctchyasee, Terrorism is the greatest threat to democracy so we must combat terrorism, or die tryin’. The Afghans and the Iraqi’s are our biggest problem. We the enlightened E’s must bring down all the terrorist G’s. I have a great friend by the name of Snoop Smith and he modestly suggested a brilliant proposal to me. I couldn’t ignore his idea because it was a solution to all our problems. It offered a brilliant way to completely end terrorism. If anyone offers such a brilliant plan to put an end to terrorism, and it is nothing like what Machiavelli would ever even think of, how could I not implement it? This brilliant plan offers a solution to the current recession we are in by placing a brilliant product on the E supermarket shelves and gives us an opportunity to end terrorism once and for all. When a golden opportunity like this presents itself it is hard for us to ignore it and not take immediate measures to start implementation. Starting today, we have informed all our E’s in Iraq and Afghanistan to start cremating the carcasses of all the G’s who have tried to come in the way of democracy. I have another great friend, a scientist, who recently discussed with me the presence of a chemical in all the G’s bodies. This chemical was injected into the G’s when they were not bejeweled with the gift of democracy by the Gangstuh-light’s to track down all the G’s even after they had died. The chemical acts like magnets towards other G’s who have the chemical present in their body as well. The chemical reaction of the interaction of two G’s with the chemical prese
Mystery of the Lost Colony of Roanoke and Jamestown Revealed I learned three things from this video concerning the causes of deaths at Jamestown, which occurred between 1607 and 1610. First, starvation caused many deaths; as George Percy documented, “some were forced to search the woods and feed upon serpents and snakes” (Oppenheimer Ranch Project (ORP), 2018, 13:36). Secondly, some colonists died from attacks by Indians and other enemies, indicated by a musket ball in the bone of the excavated remains and the weapons discovered at the fort. Thirdly, Carville Earle proposed the presence of a fatal disease due to contaminated water, with Percy again documenting that “our drink was cold water taken out of the river, which was full of slime and filth, which was the destruction of many of our men” (ORP, 2018, 20:28). America Unearthed: New Clues to the Lost Colony of Roanoke Northern historians believe that Roanoke’s lost colony moved towards the south to the Croatoan Island, North Carolina. At the Histories and Mysteries Museum, Scott Dawson presents trade beads as evidence that the colony arrived at Croatoan. However, he admits that they cannot link the beads to the lost Roanoke colony yet. When the host inquires, “But we don’t have anything that is deadlock, if you will, connection to the last colony?” Scott replies, “That is correct” (History, 2020, 17:21). On the other hand, the video presents the dare stones and John White’s map with a hidden fort as evidence that the lost colony moved west to the inland. The presenter notes that the colony might have moved inland to the fort or at least had plans to move there. Since the sassafras plant was of interest in those years, Scott concludes that “if there’s a place where the secret symbol on the map, the sassafras, and the dare stone clues all come together, we just might find the lost colony” (History, 2020, 33:54).
Abstract Recent studies suggest a decreasing duration of sleep in different parts of the world. In fact, the number of sleep hours per person has increased since 1960s, with people concentrating on work and reducing the amount of time they spend sleeping. While this pattern has improved household and national economies, it has been associated with health problems. Mental and emotional depression, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, coronary diseases and other health issues have been linked with lack of enough sleep. In adolescents, sleep is needed for proper brain maturation. However, adolescents, especially in school years, do not get enough sleep. As such, it has been linked to emotional and mental depression. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between depression and sleep. With quantitative approach, the study used 98 students as participants. They were asked to provide answers to questions in Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Center for Epidemiology Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaires. Using SPSS for data analysis, the results indicate the presence of a correlation between elements of depression and sleep duration and quality. Introduction Background In psychological view, depression is the prolonged feeling of hopelessness and sadness, prolonged condition of impaired thinking, biased processing of memory, unpleasant dreams and distortion of self-appraisals (Turek, 2005). For sometime, research has indicated the existence of a strong link between sleep and depression in humans(Cappuccio, Cooper, D’Ella, Strazzulo & Miller, 2011). For instance, when individuals get depression, they tend to sleep too much or too little. In most cases, lack of sleep has strongly been linked with depression (Gangwisch, Babiss, Malaspina, Turner, et al., 2010). Review of literature According to Matricciani, Olds and Petkov (2012), depression is a serious psychological disorder that affects millions of people throughout the world. In particular, depression is common in adolescents and young adults. According to Patel and Hu (2008), adolescents who suffer from depression are known to have abnormal sleeping patterns, with the largest number reporting to stay awake over long time. Existing research indicate that sleep is an essential requirement for brain growth and maturation during childhood and adolescents. According to Dahl and Lewin (2002), the increased rate of brain maturation during adolescent years requires adequate sleep per day. According to Wolfson and Carskadon (2008), the average sleep duration varies between individuals in adolescents and those in late childhood, but the optimal sleep time in both groups is about 8 to 10 hours (Feinberg & Campbell, 2010). Despite this, studies have increasingly shown that adolescents do not get enough sleep per day, especially during their school years (Warner, Murray & Meyer, 2008). In a 2006 report, the National Sleep Foundation reports that less than 20% of adolescents get the physiologically required sleep time (about 9 hours) (Gradisar, Gardner & Dohnt, 2011). In addition, the report shows that more than half of adolescents indicated that they usually slept