ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Hazard Analysis Table Disaster                       Frequency  Deaths  Affected  Cost  Advance Warning  Priority Earthquake (seismic activity)  5          1       1         2     1                1        Epidemic                       2          2       4               3                4        Flood                          1          4       2         3     2                2        Mass movement wet              5          3       5               2                5        Storm                          3          5       3         4     2                6        Drought                        4                            1     3                3         The hazard analysis table shows that the highest priority hazard in Sri Lanka, as detected through the analysis, is Earthquake (seismic activity) or Tsunami. The reason for this choice is for three factors. First, this natural disaster has caused the biggest damage to the country. Even though it occurred only once in 2004, it has caused more deaths and affected more lives than any other natural hazard. Second, this natural disaster has caused the greatest cost in terms of human life and infrastructural damage in the country. Third, an earthquake cannot be predicted earlier, and can only be detected when it occurs . Therefore, the level of preparedness to prevent or take precautionary measures is very low in case of a seismic earthquake. Therefore, the priority of this particular hazard should be the most. The second natural hazard in the priority rating is flooded. In the last thirty years, Sri Lanka has experienced 45 floods. The sheer frequency of occurrence of the disaster shows that it is almost an annual event and therefore, requires a high degree of preparedness on the part of the country to counter it. The degree of human loss due to floods is not very high when compared to Tsunami, but due to their regular occurrence, it affects many lives. In the last thirty years, 9982031 people have been affected due to floods . Therefore, the priority ranking of this hazard is two. The third-ranked disaster is droughts. The reason for its higher rank compared to mass movement wet, epidemic, and the storm is due to its high cost. There have been four droughts in the country in last 30 years, but the cost of the disaster has been ranked first with the average cost being highest in 30 years ($1451500 thousand per disaster). Such high material damage to the country is a great loss and therefore requires a high degree of attention from the disaster management department of the country. The epidemic is ranked the fourth most important disaster, above mass movement wet and storms, because it has occurred seven times and has affected more people in the country than the other two natural hazards . Earthquake (seismic activity) The high priority disaster that is chosen for future and present essay is Earthquake (seis
When registering a business, the main purpose is “to establish a public register of information about the business and the proprietor.”(Office of Consumers and Business Affairs, 2009a) Additionally, business names create an identity for the business, in terms of distinguishing the goods and services from the competitors, and accordingly the protection of these names are at best when they are registered. (Department of Trade and Economic Development, 2009) This paper provides a brief overview of the process of registering a business name for a newly established business, according to the requirements and guidelines of the government of South Australia. Guidelines Before proceeding with the steps of registering business names, there are several guidelines and conditions that should be met. It should be mentioned that, if the business carries a name of the owner, without addition, there is no need for registration. The addition of any words to the name, for example John Brown International, requires that this name should be registered. In terms of the requirements of the names themselves, the next points should be followed (Office of Consumers and Business Affairs, 2009a):   * The name should be dissimilar from those of existing businesses.   * The name should not mislead to the true nature of the business.   * If advertising using a name, the registration is required.   * The proposed name should not infringe any trade marks.   * Internet domain names cannot be registered as business names, unless the business conducted is under the same name. The Process The administration of business names in South Australia is conducted by the Office of Consumer and Business affairs (OCBA). (Department of Trade and Economic Development, 2009) The OCBA outlined the following steps for registering a business name:  1. Choosing a name – The guidelines and conditions should be followed, paying attention that the name chosen might not be available and thus it is recommended to consider three names to choose from. (Office of Consumers and Business Affairs, 2009c)  2. Search the register names – This step can be taken for reference or in order to ensure that the selected business name does not infringe any Trade Mark. The search can be conducted on the National Names Index for names registered, and IP Australia for Trade Marks.  3. Compete an application form – The application form that should be completed can be downloaded for the official OCBA website, where it must be filled out, and lodged including a registration fee. The registration fee is taken for registration and renewal and might include additional lateness payment if the application lodged later than two months before the date of commencement of trading. (Office of Consumers and Business Affairs, 2009b) It should be noted that additional forms might be required to fill out, in case there are additional details required such as the existence of an existing franchise, in which the applied business
Introduction to the DSM-5 Pros and Cons of Eliminating the Multiaxial System The main pro of eliminating the multiaxial system is the fact that it “allows clinicians and organizations more flexibility in how to organize diagnostic information” (Peele, Goldstein, & Crowell, 2013, p.15). This means that clinicians are in a position to present the diagnostic information in an organized and presentable manner. However, the con of eliminating the multiaxial system is that it results in limited standardization of the diagnosis information. This means that eliminating the multiaxial system is similar to removing the coding that provides “a common language for communicating diagnostic information” (Peele et al. 2013, p.11). In my opinion, it is not fair to totally eliminate the multiaxial system since the environmental and any psychological attributes in diagnosis can be recorded in the most proactive way. Therefore, eliminating the multiaxial system may be detrimental in erasing other conditions that are part and parcel of the clinical attention in processing diagnosis information. Therefore, eliminating the multiaxial system should be done when other alternatives such as pseudo-multiaxial systems are adopted. Changes from the DSM-5-TR to the DSM-5 The phrase mental retardation was replaced by intellectual disability. The rationale for the change can be attributed to the fact that intellectual disability has been classified as a challenge in the cognitive capacity as development in the diagnostic criteria advanced (Peele et al. 2013). The second change was made in the criterion for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The special attribution was erased as a result of the fact that the symptoms for the condition are nonspecific. The third change is that “criterion A for manic and hypomanic episodes now includes an emphasis on changes in activity and energy as well as mood” (Peele et al. 2013, p.17). This change was made to facilitate and enhance detection and diagnosis in any clinical environment. The fourth change is the inclusion of new depressive disorders. This change was made to address fears of possible overtreatment or overdiagnosis of the condition, especially among children suffering from bipolar disorder. The last change made in the diagnosis of anxiety disorders by erasing “obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder” (Peele et al. 2013, p.13). The changes were made to minimize the phobic response during diagnosis. Diagnostic Reliability of the DSM-5 Diagnostic reliability This is the scale for measuring the degree of accuracy in the tests and symptoms when carrying out a diagnosis for a disease. Intraclass kappa This is basically the scale for measuring the reliability of different raters for measurements to determine the consistency and absolute agreement with the predetermined scale. Good range of reliability Schizophrenia Spectrum The diagnosis involved classifying the type of schizophrenia a patient is suffering from through the use of the predetermined diagnostic information that had a range of effect, that is, from mild to acute (Regier, Mi
The book under analysis is “What Is What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng” by Dave Eggers, a modern American writer, editor, and publisher. The analyzed book has inspired intense literary criticism, not always approving of the style and authorship of the book, blaming the official author for fictionalizing the enormities that never belonged to his own experience (Siegel para. 7). However, the book has also inspired a great positive reaction of literary critics and the target audience (Durham para. 6). At the same time, the back cover of the novel offers eloquent and apt quotations taken from the book reviews: “I cannot recall the last time I was this moved by a novel” (Hosseini as cited in Eggers unpaged), “A moving, frightening, improbably beautiful book” (Grossman as cited in Eggers unpaged). Such a diverse reaction is, probably, caused by one of the themes disclosed throughout the novel, the theme of individual personal suffering as the means of disclosure of the existence of violence and suffered experienced by many people in the world regardless of the place they live. The theme is very intricate and it finds its realization in different aspects of the book, such as the authorship the author’s tone that can be perceived while reading, the genre, the choice of the characters, the plot, the style, and figurative language of the book. All these aspects should be considered and analyzed in a complex in order to ensure the disclosure of the theme through multidimensional analysis of the novel. Though the issue of authorship does not entirely belong to the sphere of linguistics, being, probably, a philosophic issue to a great extent, but in this particular case, the analysis of the authorship of the novel can be useful for the disclosure of the analyzed theme. The novel presents a reflection of the life story of Valentino Achak Deng, one of the refugees of the Sudanese civil war that belong to “Lost Boys”, Sudanese children pursued by enormous calamities, grief, violence, and misfortune during the civil war in their country. The subtitle of the novel claims that the book should be treated as an autobiography of Deng though the real author is Dave Eggers. A bit of reflection of this controversy leads to a logical conclusion, and what is more, the advice for a reader, that the story of the sufferings of a concrete individual should be perceived by other people with deep genuine attention as Eggers demonstrates it by his personal example. If the authorship of the novel is questioned, probably, the best solution to the issue would be to suppose that the authorship belongs to the Sudanese people though reflected by an American. In order to perceive the author’s tone in the book that is necessary to analyze if the theme of personal suffering is studied, it will be beneficial to pay special attention to the preface of the novel which is, by the way, writte
Introduction According to Philip Cardon, enrolment in technology education is pervasive among at-risk students. Moreover, he testifies that at-risk students have shown more interest in technology education than before. However, he attributes this to the numerous studies conducted on at-risk students in the country. The article alludes to the fact that studies on innovative academic programmes as well as vocational training have been paramount in retaining at-risk students. Moreover, it mentions the need to focus education on the interests and needs of students to achieve success. The article is backed by evidences from several previous studies on at-risk students. In addition, it connects these studies to the needs of at-risk students. For instance, the paper begins by defining what is meant by at-risk students. In this regard, it mentions that at-risk students are those that have low risk of achieving educational goals. In addition, it adds that they are students who show behaviours that interfere with progress in education. Lastly, it defines at-risk students as those who come from poor family backgrounds. The paper goes on to define at-risk students in two broad categories namely individual and family. It therefore provides adequate background on the subject with qualitative description of the same. It is important to note that the author utilised these descriptions to identify at-risk students for research purposes. In this regard, the article focused on improving the relationship between at-risk students and their teachers. Their interest in extracurricular activities is also encouraged. Moreover, it notes that students who received support showed great interest in focusing in school. However, it justifies its studies on technology education for at-risk students by noting that very little has been done to research on that area. Therefore, the paper aims to explore, scrutinise, and describe how students relate with the new curriculum. The research question addressed is on how at-risk students interrelate with technology education. This is a qualitative study paper, which is designed in the form of a case study (Cardon, 2000, p. 49-57). Sampling This study was conducted in the form of a case study. In essence, it employed the use of participant-observation qualitative research as its methodology. To achieve this, a pilot study was conducted with a view to developing observation techniques. This was also done to develop observation questions for the study. In this regard, views were collected from at-risk students concerning technology education. This involved examination of at-risk students in an environment of technology education. In addition, their interaction wit
Any story, be it a comedy, a horror movie, or a love story, has a hero who is loved by most of other characters and who attracts the attention of all the readers or viewers. A hero seems to control everything in the movie or the book; he/she easily copes with all the troubles and, as it always happens in all the stories, encounters the biggest trouble at the end. He/she successfully deals with it and receives his portion of praise, as a rule, in the form of a beloved person who seemed never to turn attention to him/her before. Love story is present even in the most bloodthirsty actions for there always has to be something that helps the hero overcome all the obstacles. It is not always that the heroes of the stories are completely positive. How come that the villains can also be attractive for the readers and viewers? There exists a number of examples of the characters who are far from being positive; despite this, however, they are loved by the readers who worry about them when they are in trouble and who wish them to achieve what they are striving to, even though this achievement may be completely non-beneficial for those who surround this anti-hero. As shown by the examples of Prometheus from Prometheus Bound, James Stark from Rebel without a Cause, and Barry from Barry Lyndon, being a hero and a villain is possible for one and the same person; however, there is always a reason why the readers and viewers like the characters who are heroes and villains simultaneously, and, in most of the cases, this reason is compassion. One of the brightest examples of a character combining the features of a hero and a villain is Prometheus from Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bond. Prometheus is an exemplary hero and villain for, unlike those characters who appeal to their readers and viewers due to their natural gift of getting into trouble, Prometheus was driven by much more important goals than personal benefit. By stealing the fire which the Gods have taken away from people, Prometheus knew that he was taking risks, that he would be punished for this, because there was hardly anything that the Gods could not see and leave unpunished. Prometheus showed all his courage when agreeing that he deserved punishment: “And yet – and yet – exactly I foresee / All that shall come to pass; no sharp surprise / Of pain shall overtake; what’s determined / Bear, as I can, I must, knowing the might / Of strong Necessity is unconquerable” (Aeschylus 6). His helping people despite being aware about the punishment makes him a hero; his being courageous enough to face his punishment adds him heroic values and makes him even more appealing for the reader. At the same time, though, Prometheus is a villain. He is a rebel who dared to contradict to the will of Gods, who thought he was smarter and more just as any of them, and who stole the fire from Zeus and then gave it to the mortals, thus, turning into a hero for them. The question is whether after this Prometheus is a hero or a villain. Of course, for people who received fire they were deprived of, he will always remain a hero, w
Quality of Hospital Services Health Issues The availability of high-quality, comprehensive, and timely hospital services promotes the health outcomes of the greatest number of people. Regions or societies associated with effective health systems will record positive results, including reduced infections, low mortality rates, and unnecessary disabilities (Campbell, 2017). This domain can be expanded to include insurance cover, timely care, and superior medical services. Three key steps are needed to ensure that more people have access to desirable medical services. The first one is the provision of health insurance to all citizens. The second one is the presence of physical hospitals and facilities in different cities or towns across the UAE. The last one is the availability of competent physicians and caregivers in every facility. The presence of these attributes will meet the medical needs of the greatest number of people and transform their health outcomes. These issues explain why there is a need for the UAE government to take this domain seriously and make it part of the proposed Healthy People 2020-2030 Plan. The beneficiaries will be in a position to pursue and achieve their social and economic aims. Literature Review In the UAE, various strategies and programs have been put in place to meet the medical needs of the greatest number of citizens. The government has established a ministry that focuses on key areas and policies that will improve the availability of health services (Jeffries, 2015). An insurance program exists whereby enrollees can benefit by receiving high-quality medical support whenever they fall ill (“Access to health,” n.d.). The ministry has also ensured that there are adequate referral hospitals and clinics in different regions across this country. Unfortunately, most of these strategies have not made the country one of the healthiest in the region. This happens to be the case since there numerous barriers that make it impossible for many citizens to receive timely and high-quality medical services. The leading barriers include the absence of adequate facilities or clinics, inadequate insurance coverage across the UAE, lack of critical services, and the increasing cost of medical care or support (“Determinants of health,” n.d.). These issues make it impossible for more people to record positive health outcomes in the country. Individuals encounter these challenges when looking for medical services: delays, financial burdens, and unmet needs. The Ministry of Health and Prevention has managed to introduce superior measures in an attempt to improve access and availability of medical services. This objective has been achieved by introducing programs that educate citizens to avoid risky behaviors, seek medical screening frequently, and ensure that all children receive vaccinations in a timely manner ((“Access to health,” n.d.). Despite such strategies, there are still numerous inequalities that make it impossible for man
According to the Concepts of Leadership (2013) report, different companies are looking forward to adapting leadership models which address specific leadership problems and challenges depending on the situations that arise. Wal-Mart is one example of companies with a cooperate structure that has successfully integrated and used the 3-D IT leadership model to provide successful leadership solutions (Sehgal, 2011). Success has been in the provision of a powerful management team, effective time management, and optimal employee performance (Kranz, 2013). The 3-D leadership model provides the most effective and practical set of solutions for leadership challenges based on different situations by combining leadership theories in the context of task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership dimensions (Kranz, 2013). Co-operate structure Wal-Mart has a strong corporate governance structure which is critical in the success of its business strategies ( Walmart’s strong IT will be key in strategic shift, 2010). Based on an effective leadership model, the company operates with accountability and integrity under a board of directors from different backgrounds, qualifications and experience in leadership and governance, under the leadership of Mike Duke, the president and CEO ( Walmart Global Compliance Action Steps, 2013). The corporate information structure is defined by the core “values of honesty, fairness and objectivity guide our business and ensures we maintain the trust of our shareholder” (Muller, 2011). The corporate information technology committee is appointed by the board of directors to provide advice and instructions on matters related to e-commerce, innovation, and Information Technology. Any matter that fall under the responsibility of the committee is executed with the support of the board of directors for the benefit of the company. The committee provides leadership in product innovation, e-commerce operations, measurement and tracking of the operations of the company, integration of company Information Technology infrastructure and related operations, approaches to technical innovations, and the use of IT to conduct annual performance reviews. The board of directors’ chart is shown below. Location and Division of IT governance The location of Wal-Mart’s corporate office is in Bentonville, USA. It has a corporate office with a corporate campus with 11000 associates ( Walmart’s strong IT will be key in strategic shift, 2010). The 3-D leadership model enables the management to provide effective leadership which promotes effective employee performance in providing efficient servi