ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the age of legal regulation to ensure a sustainable environment, India has been exemplary. Its production of CFCs were completely phased out in August 2008, while its consumption phase out of 1502 tons of CFCs by December 2009. Different types of progress have been made in the area of renewable energy as well. The Indian renewable energy (RE) industry offers strong business prospects to U.S. companies. The market in India for RE business is estimated at 500 million USD and is growing at an annual rate of 15 percent. Major areas of investment include solar energy, wind energy, small hydro projects, waste-to-energy, biomass and alternative fuel (Guha). Overall, India is taking steps to improve the quality of life and mitigate climate change though renewable energies, managing sanitation and water, tending to forestation issues, and reducing ozone depleting substances. While Agenda 21 and the Kyoto Protocol are attempting to make positive changes for the world, various countries have responded in various ways. Agenda 21 Agenda 21 is a set of guidelines for business, governmental policies, and personal use on ways to implement four other documents including the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, guidelines of principles for management of forests, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Agenda 21 is a completely non-binding document. Its adoption acknowledges a role in cleaning up the environment, while it was adopted by a consensus. It has effectively pinpointed a problem in excessive poverty and consumption. Its goal was to make changes on all levels, while encompassing seven central themes: quality of life on Earth, efficient use of Earth’s natural resources, the protection of our ‘Global Commons,’ management of human settlements, chemicals and management of waste, sustainable economic growth, and general implementation. The objectives of Agenda 21 are divided into four main categories: social and economic dimensions, conservation and management of resources, strengthening the role of major groups, and means of implementation. The fundamentals of the agenda originated in the Stockholm Conference in 1972 and Our Common Future , published in 1987 by WCED. In 1989, planning of a conference on environment and development started, while realization of the amount of poverty and pollution catalyzed the situation. The goals of the agenda are to make sure everyone has a sustainable living, eradicate poverty, create healthy and equitable lives for all citizens, and the implementation of reduced consumption patterns. Agenda 21 encouraged developing nations to achieve SD through the promotion of economics with help from developed nations. The reduction of human consumption and production will cater to a global transition to a more efficient and environmentally friendly lifestyle. This targets farmers, manufacturers, and resource industries. It will also create better technology, production and distribution methods, and access
Fight against racism, indignity, injustice, inhumanity, and fight for survival are the main themes in Julia Alvarez’s 1994 novel, In the Time of the Butterflies, set in the Dominican Republic (Alvarex, 1994). In the novel, the main characters, the Mirabel sisters are not freedom fighters or revolutionaries but are homely sisters who if left alone, would be content to get married, have children, and lead an uneventful life. But fate willed it otherwise and when faced with human suffering, torture, and tragedy, they preferred to come out of their shells and rebel against the dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo. The author explores how the four Mirabel sisters, Minerva, Mate, Patria, and Dede, got awakening calls and attempted to fight the system and which ultimately cost them their lives. While their struggle had a common theme, there were certain differences in how they became aware of the great human tragedy that befell their country and their people. This paper does a comparative study of two sisters Patria and Minerva, explores how they awakened to the cause and the symbolism of the Butterfly. Patria is the eldest of the four sisters, is strong, independent, and deeply religious. Her devotion to the Church and her fervent prayers attract the attention of the nuns who ask her to become a nun and enter the sisterhood. She becomes more involved when she meets Pedrito González and washes his feet as a sign of devotion and is attracted to him and marries him. They have two children and their third is stillborn and this affects her so much that she almost loses her faith. She regains her faith when she listens to the voice of the holy mother during a meeting of the people. The awakening call for the freedom movement came later on when her son Nelson takes up revolutionary activities and she joins the movement. The death of a teenaged boy during the attack of the Trujillo army converts her to the cause of the freedom movement. Minerva is the second youngest and was a fighter right from a young age when she decided to become a lawyer. Her awakening call came very early when she was in school and heard the story of her friend Sinita Perozo. Her friend’s parents were murdered because they fought the system and this changes Minerva’s attitude and she begins her fight for justice against the tyranny of Trujillo. It was Minerva who finds that her father has another wife and has four other daughters but rather than turn them away, Minerva takes them into her care and educates them. She is not the one to take indignities and during a dance, she slaps the dictator who made sexual advances. Now Minerva was initially drawn to Lio Morales and after she joins a law school, she falls in love with Manolo Tavárez a revolutionary, and has two daughters. It is from this meeting that Minerva becomes a convert and assumes the name of “Mariposa” – “The Butterfly” and becomes a leader of the movement. The Butterfly in the novel has the symbolism of grace, beauty, and a certain frailness but it still has a spirit of freedom. To the author, the butterf
Introduction Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) is one of the notorious armed groups in the world. It is a Christian and a militaristic terrorism outfit with its operations in the Acholi land of northern Uganda. It is under the command of Joseph Kony who portrays himself as the Holy Spirit and a spokesman of God sent to rescue the Acholi people. The group is opposed to the Uganda government and the government has responded with a large-scale violence against it and the people of Northern Uganda; the government has also marginalized parts of northern Uganda occupied by the Acholi people. Since its formation, it has been in constant rebellion against the government of Uganda (Aljazeera, 2011). LRA adopted its name in 1992; previously it was referred to as United Holy Salvation Army and later changed the name to Uganda Christians Army before resorting to the name “Lord’s Resistance Army” (LRA). LRA has remained latent in its existence and actions for several years hence disguising its motives. It is argued that the activities of LRA are guided and supported by its political arm, the Lord’s Resistance Movement which has complex networks in the diaspora. LRA has been in existence for more than twenty years and it is the main rebel group that is responsible for Africa’s longest conflict. Though it is a terror group, it is relatively unknown in the outside world. Lord’s Resistance Army The organization purports to represent the Acholi people and the people of Northern Uganda. Most of its army personnel come from Gulu, Kitkum and Pader which are districts in northern Uganda (Rice, 2007). LRA has attacked the very own civilians that it claims to protect instead of placing its focus on military targets. It has achieved this motive by undertaking raids on the villagers so as to obtain supply of children who can be recruited into its services. LRA developed as a remnant group of the Holy Spirit Movement which was founded by Alice Lakwena
Introduction Development of a national housing policy is a complicated process that is influenced by a wide range of factors. The demand for the living space, as well as the housing conditions, are strongly impacted by natural conditions, demography, the state of the national economy, social and political processes within the country, as well as to some extent those on the international scene. On the other hand, availability and affordability of housing is an important factor of an individual’s wellbeing and, correspondingly, that of the whole nation. Therefore, the housing policy is one of the means for the power to regulate the quality of the social life and, in certain sense, reach the fundamental national goals, which are to wide extent wellbeing and prosperity of the nation. This predetermines the ability of the power to effectively investigate the social tendencies and adjust its housing policy to the changing needs of the citizens. The issue of housing policies is especially burning nowadays considering the intense growth of population and the threat of the housing crisis. The period of the 20th century in the Chinese history was saturated with significant events, determining social and political changes and reforms that contributed to the contemporary face of China. The tendencies in the field of housing, as well as the national housing policies were also constantly evolving being influenced by the existing social conditions, as well as the government’s approach to conducting social policies; thus, studying the social history of housing in China is of particular interest. Besides, the high density of China’s population makes the issue of the housing policies particularly important. This essay is devoted to the housing policy in Yantai, China. Studying the case of this city is of big importance: on the one hand, the extent of Yantai’s economical potential has turned the city into the strategically important object for the whole national economy; on the other hand, significant steps have been already taken to reform the
There are a number of critical roles and responsibilities of Director of National Intelligence (DNI), who primarily reports to the President of the United States. These responsibilities include resolving major legal problems, strengthening the overall governance and leadership, and improving information sharing of the Intelligence Community. In regards to budget execution and financial management oversight, DNI’s most crucial role is in directing and managing financial resources in order to fund and IC systems and activities. In addition, he or she must be able to ensure that the financial resources are optimally used. Director of National Intelligence is an official of the executive branch of the US federal government appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the US Senate According to the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, the Director of National Intelligence reports to the President of the United States and acts as head of the US Intelligence Community (Richelson, 2015). He or she also serves as an adviser to the President of the United States, an adviser to the National Security Council, and an adviser to the Internal Security Council on intelligence matters related to the national (Richelson, 2015). This person directs the integration and implementation of the Intelligence Community Program. The financial statements provided by DNI to Congress allow to make IC more auditable and responsible for the financial allocation of resources. This is a major improvement due to IC being highly challenging to make auditable. The latter factor is mainly linked with the secretiveness of the IC activities, and thus, revealing them in the form of an audit can be detrimental to the overall task. It is stated that the overall role of the IC has changed in dramatic fashion, which led to the establishment of DNI as a financial overseer (Richelson, 2015). These shifts of duties made the community uncontrollable, and thus, there was a need for a manager with no aligned interests with Central Intelligence, such as DCI. Therefore, the core financial obligation of DNI is to determine and develop the budget of the National Intelligence Program (“The Director of National Intelligence,” 2019). In other words, DNI holds IC accountable directly
Introduction The national defense strategy of the USA is aimed to ensure the liberty, opportunity, and prosperity of its citizens. In the new century, the global security environment is badly affected by the increasing antisocial activities on the part of terrorists and other antisocial groups. ” The United States, our allies, and our partners face a spectrum of challenges, including, violent transnational extremist networks, hostile networks, hostile states armed with weapons of mass destruction, rising regional powers, emerging space, and cyber threats, natural and pandemic disasters and growing competition for resources.” (National defense strategy, June 2008. Page 6) provided by the customer. Defense transformation system The defense transformation system for the decade 2010 – 2020 will be centered on three main characteristics.  1. Globalization  2. Technology  3. Weapons of mass destruction. The defense transformation should go hand in hand with national security strategy and foreign policy. Military ensures transformation plans based upon a collection of state of the art technologies. The three important wings of military forces – army, navy, and air force are very helpful for shaping future policy. The policy is summarized into three factors. The first factor is to minimize the gap between foreign policy, national security, and weapon system development. The second factor is to take into account the historical factors that led the US to launch a war in lesser-known countries like Vietnam and North Korea. The third point is to avoid the present empirical data in determining transformation policy and pursue changes based on current technologies. Rationale and evidence supporting the defense transformation The three aspects of the security environment in the new century are described below: Globalization It is expected that the increasing insecurity in the international system will increase over the next 10 years as a side effect of the economic and social in-security environment in the international system. Globalization has enlarged the gap between haves and have-nots. So many youths are attracted to the terrorist groups who assure social equality. Technology Technology is moving at a fast rate particularly in the information technology sector. The technological gap between developed and developing countries is shrinking. The attack on the World Trade Centre is a shining example of how US national security is threatened by countries that were technology back ward a decade ago. Hence there is an urgent necessity for research work on new technologies to counteract such threats from al- Queda etc. Weapons of mass destruction Weapons of mass destruction can cause immense danger to humanity. Our efforts to destroy such WMD in Iraq failed miserably because of intelligent failure. But such WMD are available with the Taliban, Iran, and North Korea. It is necessary that our intelligent system is streamlined to lo
Introduction Today, there are numerous appeals to reconsider the way America evolves as it gradually loses its character. The adherers of the idea say that the fundamental system of values that were the basis for the development of the young state became irrelevant today. The ideas of liberty, freedom, equality, and wealth could not be applied to modern U.S. society. However, these claims are not new. For instance, Langston Hughes, in his poem Let America Be America Again , written in 1935, touches upon the problems of American identity and its deceptive character. American Identity The theme of identity could be considered the central one for the poem. Even its title, Let America be America Again , emphasizes the fact that the state took the wrong turning and moves in the wrong direction. Hughes says, “Let it be the dream it used to be” (Hughes 2). He might appeal to the famous American dream, which was the main moving force that made thousands of individuals contribute to the state’s development. However, at the moment, the country is different, and the author shows it “Let America be the dream the dreamers dreamed” (Hughes 6). Hughes also cogitates about the ideals of liberty, equality, and opportunities for every person who arrives at this land. The lines “O, let my land be a land where Liberty / Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath, / But opportunity is real” (Hughes 11-13) show the author’s attitude to the current situation in the state and his perspective on the topical problem. Hughes is sure that the country has lost its identity, and ideas of equality, tolerance, and democracy are no more “the air we breathe” (Hughes 14). His message sounds more convincing due to the use of particular literary devices. For instance, numerous repetitions could be found in the poem. The author repeats “let America” (Hughes1), “let my land” (Hughes 12), “let it be” (Hughes 2), etc. This literary device helps to create a specific atmosphere of intimacy as if the author prays for America and wants it to recover from a disease. It could also be compared to sitting at the bed of a patient who is doomed to die. There are also numerous alliterations that are used by Hughes to introduce a particular sounding and make the poem more solemn. These could be found in repeated sounds dr, ds: “dream the dreamers dreamed” (Hughes 6), “dreams we’ve dreamed” (Hughes 54), “songs we’ve sung” (Hughes 55), “hopes we’ve held” (Hughes 56), etc. In such a manner, the author managers to create a unique sound pattern that contributes to the improved comprehension of the main idea. Deceptive Ideals Therefore, there is another important theme Hughes discusses. Regretting the gradual decline of fundamental values, the author states that America has never been the state it was supposed to be. For instance, the verses “there’s never been equality for me, / Nor freedom in this ‘homeland of the free’” (Hughes 14-15) contain the bitter irony and Hughes real attitude to deceptive ideas that have never been applied to the American society. No matter whether you are a white man, or a black slave, or a Red Indian, the same pr
Introduction Efforts to develop a centralized and all-consuming strategy to manage mass casualty incidents were made by the World Health Organization and all affiliated health bodies and associations ever since the early 1990s. There was a need for the development of standardized tools and planning instructions to deal with large-scale emergency situations (Auf der Heide, 2006). Nowadays, instructions and guides related to pre-hospital management of mass casualties are included into the standardized training program of the medical schools in UK and the US ( Mass casualty management systems, 2007). Australia developed a similar strategic plan in 2003 for the emergency response personnel. It provided all the necessary standards for nomenclature, practices, medical supplies and equipment that are necessary during a disaster (Bradt, Abraham, and Franks, 2003). In Saudi Arabia, the threat of MCI is stronger than in Australia. Several MCIs that occurred in the Emirates in the last few years managed to highlight the flaws present in the country’s Emergency Medicine System. One of the major steps to improve the situation was the adoption of numerous recommendations provided by the Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee. These recommendations are to be used to reform the EMS in Abu Dhabi (Fares et al., 2014). In a normal situation, the local emergency services follow their standard schedule. There is no patient overflow, there is no issue with supplies, nurses and doctors have plenty of time to attend to all patients, and ambulances experience little trouble with reaching and transporting patients to the hospitals. Normal emergency health services are well-organized and are expected to perform their duties without hindrances ( Disaster Readiness , 2008). A mass casualty incident is commonly defined as an incident that ended in numerous casualties – far more numerous to handle within the parameters of a standard emergency response assignment (Thomas, 2016). These incidents include multiple vehicle collisions, building collapses, mass transportation incidents, CO Emergencies, incidents involving hazardous materials, weapons of mass destruction, multiple shootings and terrorist acts, and chemical exposure. MCIs are able to quickly exhaust the resources available for potential emergency response (Sprivulis et al., 2006). All hospitals are expected to have an emergency response plan in place. During the development of this plan, one must assume a worst-case scenario. (Rubinson et al., 2005). The logistical challenges presented to the medical personnel involve the capability to expand rapidly and efficiently in order to process a large number of civilian casualties through the system. Nurses play a paramount role during ma
Financial evaluation The financial performance front of Adidas AG is evaluated in three fiscal domains; the investment center, the profit center and the cost center. Strengthening investments by increasing the operating cash flows has seen the realization of impressive returns from virtually every Adidas AG product, coupled to the increase in operating cash flow is the accumulation of the operating savings to such stable levels as would secure the investment confidence of Adidas AG. These heightened investments spell the indispensable presence of Adidas in the sporting-wear market, which in spite of the substantial cost of production due to massive supplies and the sky rocketing marketing budget, is always characterized by high levels of returns (Catovic, 2010, p. 1). Non-financial evaluation The non-financial progress of Adidas AG is evaluated along the twin domains of foreign operating unit and the managers of the unit evaluation. As such, the management of Adidas AG has prioritized its operation strategy towards lifestyle branding; this has seen an increased involvement of the youth in sports, music, and technology, the management team of Adidas AG has also consented to Adidas-Reebok merger which is projected to display a sustainable competitive advantage at the regional and global level (Eli, 2005, p. 1). The foreign operating unit of Adidas AG on the other side of the coin has focused its attention on increasing the international command of Adidas in sport-wear by maintaining a steady supply of superior products in the global market (Balboul, 2010, p. 1). Management control systems and national cultures The management control systems and national culture forms another perspective from which the performance of Adidas is evaluated, under this domain the sensitivity of Adidas to such national concerns as gender inequalities are addressed, as such Adidas has integrated the design of women wear in its functions and the consequence of this is the active involvement of women in the sporting world which is a plus for the general welfare of the nation. Why invest in Adidas AG? Stock investors should consider Adidas AG as one of the most viable grounds of investment for it is one of the giant players in the production and supply of broad spectrum of sporting wear, with the 2009 statistics showing that Adidas enjoyed a great market advantage scooping 72.4% of the net sales. For instance, under the capital investment evaluation as listed in Exhibit 13.3; an investment with the payback period settlement one can invest a principal of $500,000 and the annual after-tax inflows would be of $100,000, the play back period being five years (Adidas Group, 2012, p. 1). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is a bill that was enacted into law by President Gorge W. Bush which was aimed at developing checks and balances in the corporate world for a fair play ground in the public company accounting arena. It was aimed at reclaiming public trust in the corporate accounting procedures which was already marred with irregularities and high levels