ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The study by McCord (1991) seeks to identify whether there exists given factors related to child-rearing that have an influence on the child’s likelihood of becoming delinquent. The author also seeks to know whether home environment, in general, is a good ground for associating crime with socialization conditions. Another important question that the author of this article seeks to answer is whether criminal tendencies seen at different ages are as a result of similar influences. To answer these questions, McCord (1991) studied 232 boys from a treatment program which was instituted to curb delinquency. These boys had been recruited into the program through random sampling. It is important to note that the sample composed of both well-behaved and misbehaved boys. Case reports were taken by counselors after at least five years of frequent visitations; when the boys were between 10 and 16 years. From the counselors’ reports, various family variables that are related to a child’s upbringing were derived to form a basis for data analyses. Such variables included “family structure, family conflict, esteem of each parent for the other, parental supervision and disciplinary characteristics, parental warmth, self confidence, role, and aggressiveness” (McCord 400). Data was collected by recording cases after frequent visits to the boys’ homes by counselors for a period of at least 5 years. This is enough time to establish patterns as far as the family variables are concerned and make good follow-up; thus strengthening the basis for making inferences. The various ratings on test variables were coded appropriately to allow for quantitative analysis. Results from McCord (1991) indicated relationships between child delinquency and how competent the mother is in child-rearing, how the father interacts with his family and expectations of the family. To be specific, a higher likelihood of experiencing child delinquency was related to poor child upbringing. In families where mother competency was high, father interaction was good and family expectations were high; juvenile delinquency was very unlikely. This is unlike the case where incompetent mothers brought up their children in a family that had low expectations and father interaction was wanting. The author established that instances of serious crimes committed during childhood were mainly associated with families where mother’s competence was rated low as well as families that had little expectations for the participants. The relationship between likelihood of committing a serious crime as a juvenile and poor paternal interaction was established as a weak one. In regard to the relationship between the effect of various factors involved in a child’s upbringing
Introduction Over the past few years, it has become apparent that the American Education system is failing. This is a classical argument that is advanced by Moore in his publication entitled “ Idiot Nation”; Moore argues that America, being the world’s richest country is lagging behind from an educational point of view. This is also an argument advanced by Orfied Grays’s “ Schools more separate” as he documents that from the early 1990’s, American schools have become more segregated. With a large focus being placed on corporate earnings at the expense of its educational systems, the country is destined for desegregation at the expense of educating its citizens. The public schools are separate and unequal; they are also to a very significant extent racially segregated. As Orfield (par. 2) point out, the measure of resources between schools is not equal in terms of quantity and quality. This paper therefore provides useful insights on the state of American education; it also provides suggestive arguments on where the problem lies and its causes, and finally it points out as to why the American educational situation is desegregating. The state of American Education System America faces present and possibly future educational problems if the current persistent educational problems are not addressed. In March, 2009, President Obama articulated that the current educational system must work towards improving the student performance in an effort to regain the lost international educational standing, he further quoted “……..despite our unmatched resources globally, our grades are still poor, schools crumble, the quality of our teachers constantly falling short and other nations outdo us.” It is also important to note that even with this reality nothing much has been done to improve the quality of America’s public education. For many Americans residing in major cities with no firsthand information with regard to the actual happenings in the public schools; there is a tendency to generalize and create a vague idea that the greater racial segregations that were of major concern some forty or many years down the line have diminished in the recent American years. The truth however is the reverse; those schools that were segregated by then are now less segregated while those that were integrated are now gradually becoming more re-segregated. The Public School Enrolment Trends Kozol (par.7), in his article “Still Separate, Still Unequal: America’s Educational Apartheid” says that by the year 2002-2003, in Chicago, 87% of the enrolment in public schools was black or Hispanic; with the remaining proportion being white. The same trend was also observe
Introduction Hundreds of years ago, a significant portion of the United States economy was highly dependent on slave labor. What is more interesting is the fact that these slaves were brought to this country via the slave trade. Natives from Africa were taken captive and then sold like cattle to plantation owners in the South. It is good thing that slavery was outlawed a long time ago. But in the 21 st century unscrupulous men and women are still into the slave trade but this time it is called human trafficking. Since the United States of America is the most powerful nation in the world it must spearhead the drive to eradicate this new form of slavery within the U.S. and even outside its borders. It is only by being involved in a domestic as well as international effort in eliminating human trafficking will American citizens be totally free and secure from the clutches of human trafficking syndicates. Background The history of the United States is filled with revolutions and movements that were the direct result of a people yearning to be free. More than three hundred years ago Americans who were under the rule of a despotic British government could no longer endure the oppression and their inability to choose their own destinies. A war for American independence was fought bitterly in these lands and the ill-equipped and ill-prepared American army defeated the much vaunted military force of their English masters. From that point onwards the American colonies experienced the joy and blessing of self-rule. But in less than a century after gaining independence from Britain, the American people was confronted with a difficult question and that is what to do with the Negro slaves that were toiling in the fields and treated less than h
Introduction As a Mass Communication Major at the Abu Dhabi University, I needed to complete a six-week internship (2 July – 11 August) at the Dubai office of Al Ghad TV. The key objective of the internship was to expand the existing knowledge on the topic of operation of TV stations and what it takes to have a career in the sphere. From a personal perspective, I wanted to enhance my skills in strategic planning and communication, so the internship at a TV station was an appropriate setting to reach this objective. With the background knowledge that I have acquired during my university studies, the internship was a great opportunity for me to apply it to professional backgrounds. Al Ghad TV was an appropriate setting for me as a Communication Major because the company has only started to gain momentum and therefore is very innovative in expanding its coverage across Arabic countries. Despite being young, the TV station is well-respected by the public. All of my experiences as an intern at Al Ghad TV were fully documented in order to preserve the accounts of the skills I gained, knowledge and advice that I received, as well as tasks that I performed. Therefore, this report offers a summary of my notes as related to the intern work at the TV station. Background of the Company Al Ghad TV is a young pan-Arab news channel that was officially launched in 2015 in Cairo, which means that its key operatio
Introduction With increase in technology and changing lifestyles, television is constantly used by companies as advertising tools. The shift to the use of television has increased because they can reach a greater number of people and it is more influential than the traditional billboards, newspaper and magazines. With increase in TV channels and advocacy for media freedom, so does increase in lack of decency in the programs and advertisement the sets bring to American society. Children on the other hand are watching these adverts; their character and behaviours are shaped by what they see, listen and observe in adverts (Epstein 109) this paper analyzes negative effects of advertisement on children. Children learning and Television Infants and children are constantly learning. They learn what they see adults and their peer’s do, talk and what they watch and hear. It shapes their character, personality and influences how they perceive the world they are living. Uncensored advertisements expose a child to issues that are far beyond his/her age. This creates a mind of “I want to know” attitude which may make the child practice some things that are either computer generated or beyond their reach. These adverts decrease life patience of th
Synopsis Mr. O’Neil and Johnny appear to be the main protagonists of the movie. The two are brought out as having outstanding characteristics that define their true nature. The roles played by the two characters further make it easy for the reader to derive conclusions concerning their behavioral patterns. O’Neil Mr. Robert O’Neil is a cruel person who appears to be selfish. He commands his assistants to discipline the slaves although the slaves have not shown any signs of rebellion. This was therefore uncalled for since he was still in control of the situation. This trait is further evidenced by the fact that he orders the assistants to give the slaves pieces of wood to serve as pillows. He does not treat the slaves as human beings since he feels that he owns them. The narrator confirms that he (O’Neil) bought the slaves from the land of Ibibio with the consent of the king. He therefore feels that he reserves the right to mistreat the slaves. His cruelty is also seen when he asserts that it is healthy for the slaves to turn to their right when sleeping without considering that some people will not be comfortable in this position. The famous slogan that ‘money is the source of all evils’ is confirmed in the movie. O’Neil happens to be a very rich person but through evil means. Money is never enough, despite that fact that he already has a great amount of wealth; he continues to be money-minded. When approaching the king with the proposal of buying the slaves, he alleges that he is ready to “get those annoying prisoners” from the land of Ibibio. Here, he means that he can help the king to get rid of the prisoners; it is evident that his sole purpose is not to help the king; he wants to make more and more cash. His main aim is profit maximization hence he does not care if taking away the slaves will be a relief to the king of Ibibio or not. He is brought out as a rich person since he pays extra gold to buy them. O’Neil’s’ callous nature makes him to order the assistants to direct the slaves to remove their clothes even though it was cold. He does not care if the slaves are going to be affected by the cold. The idea of ordering the slaves to remove their clothes was a way of ensuring that his vessel remains clean. Even though these slaves are his main source of wealt
Opening 3-D printing is an efficient and essential tool for engineers, doctors, product designers, and entrepreneurs. 3-D printing is mostly used for prototyping, create broken parts, etc. The applicability of 3-D printing is incredibly vast; it can even produce medical implants. The technology of 3-D printing defines future progress since prototypes are generated faster and last as much as the actual object does. This technology is based on Additive Manufacturing (AM), and its operations depend on the computer directing the 3-D printer to add every new layer continually as a precise cross-section of the final object. Additive manufacturing uses Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), which uses the thermoplastics that turn into semi-liquid form at specific temperatures and solid on cooling down (Barnatt 2). The melted thermoplastic is precisely positioned layer upon layer while moving on a three-dimensional axis (Kim and Robb 19). The trends of 3-D printing are rising and will continue growing according to data obtained by the Google insight graph by 2015. 3-D printing is an innovation most people are interested in trying according to the statistics. Graph 1. 3-D Printer Filamenet. The popularity of the new invention has risen sharply since its benefits became obvious to the target audience. Because of the opportunities, which it offers in construction, the device can be considered a major breakthrough. The Benefits of a 3-D printer in construction  1. 3-D printing makes the construction process faster and more accurate. The advantages are mainly attributed to the fact that the human factor is eliminated in modeling (Husseini para. 3). Since machine production is involved, the element of approximations is resolved, and only exact values are given during the modeling of objects.  2. Human labor is reduced mainly because the 3-D printing technology eliminates the need for manual architectural designs and manual prototype construction (Husseini para. 4). The actual architectural models of a building are built with the help of computer programs feeding the results to a 3-D printer. The printer carefully generates a sample of the building as directed, thus, making a prototype.  3. Waste production is reduced with the use of 3-D printers (Husseini para. 3). The content that is produced by the printer is always accurate, and any miscalculations always lead to recycling the thermoplastic materials that were used in the process.  4. 3-D printing helps reduce both health and safety risks involved (Husseini para. 2). 3-D printing replaces heavy-duty work and dangerous jobs on the site during construction. Tasks such as wall structures are replaced by three printers preventing the possibility of the walls collapsing on the masons (MoorefieId-Lang 70).  5. 3-D printing defies the use of traditional forms of construction. The printing technology can help overcome challenges once it incorporates the architect’s and owner’s design. Traditionally flat walls had to be joined at ninety-degr
Introduction Education is a bridge for linking all opportunities for development. In many of the areas of Washington D.C. a good education is vital. However, a report in 2000 stated that more than half the jobs in the District of Columbia were held by employees with a bachelor’s degree or higher, almost twice the national average or higher (Hamilton, 2004). Many studies have proven, for every 100 students who enter 9 th grade in D.C. Public Schools and D.C. Public Charter Schools:   * 43 graduated from high school in the District within five years   * 29 Enroll in postsecondary educational programs within 18 months of graduating high school   * 8 attain a postsecondary degree within five years of enrolling in college ( Case Study from Double the Numbers; Gates Foundation) The minority in Washington D.C. faces incredible odds of surviving continuing their education and succeeding. To address these educational woes, Washington D.C. has a large quantity of non-profit organizations that assist in the efforts of improving the success rates of D.C. Public and Public Charter School students (Fisher, 2001). This case study will focus on “Program Outcomes in a Non-Profit Organization Serving at Risk Youth in an Urban Metropolitan Area” This case study will solely focus on two entities a community action agency and a leading educational institution collaborating their efforts to address the social and academic issues intended for the students whom resides in the Washington D.C.’s Ward 8 community. In addition this study will concentrate on proper result oriented development and implementation of program created by the nonprofit organization (Hamilton, 2004). The minority youth in Washington D.C. faces incredible odds of surviving, continuing their education and succeeding. The ward 8 community leads in nearly every harmful statistical category in Washington D.C.; coupled with living in low income communities that are beleaguered by violence and street crime, many of the youth, when left without caring adults to support their educational and career endeavors, are prone to engage in sex, drugs, and violence. (Hanushek, 2001) A review of the 2008 NCLB Data Report indicates that (78%) of students residing in Ward 8 failed to meet the proficiency levels in reading and math. Ward 8 is known to have the highest rate of illiteracy and dropouts among all Wards of District of Columbia. The high school drop-out rate among 16-19 year-olds residing in Ward 8 is 16%, which is substantially higher than the district average of 10.1% (Hamilton, 2004). Some recent studies show that out of school time programs are a valuable tool for increasing school engagement and that those programs that have the most impact have clear programming goals as well as on-going professional development; the American Youth Policy Forum’s revi
In the article “Death Stalks a Continent,” individuals with pseudonyms testify about their experiences with the sexually transmitted disease. Doctors and health professionals in Africa value reputation and social standing above personal health. Laetitia Hambahlane loses her job and is even rejected by her mother (McGeary, 2001). Her mother, who is more concerned with her financial position, is like African society regarding ignorance. According to the article, HIV/AIDS denial stems from the notion of sex. When it comes to testing for HIV, most infected men are unwilling to do so since they have the illness; thus, they think they may participate in sexual activity with others without fear of infection. According to the article, prostitution contributes to the prevalence of sex in Africa. Truck driver Louis Chikoka often parks his truck for “quickies” and “short service.” Many women become prostitutes because they offer sex to get money to pay for their basic needs; as Chikoka states, “They give sex to eat” (McGeary, 2001). When their parents die, many children of HIV-positive parents are left orphaned. People are continuously seeking loans and saving money for their kids. Some women tend to be embarrassed by their morals, therefore, stating, “I am ashamed… At the present moment, I have no option, no other option” (McGeary 250. In that culture, these practices are seen as a norm, which is problematic. This article may be unpleasant and upsetting, but it is vital to examine the continuously spreading illnesses. Despite its published article, HIV/AIDS is still a problem today, particularly in Atlanta, one of the country’s and perhaps the world’s most affected areas. I like the article since it is simple and presents the subject of the matter honestly. The fact that 70,000 HIV-positive infants are born yearly in South Africa alone bothers me greatly (McGeary, 2001). I am sad and worried for all the children and adults with AIDS due to others’ ignorance and carelessness. With no holds barred, this article expresses its reality bluntly. I also feel bad for the parents, who have to sell their bodies or give short sexual services to make ends meet. I hold the government responsible for the lack of concern it has for its citizens. Another thing I liked about this article is that it highlighted the corruption of the rich and how the poor are often neglected. One phrase that stands out to me is when it says, “The wealthy world must help with its zeal and its cash if southern Africa is ever to be freed of the AIDS plague” (McGeary, 2001). I agree with this remark since every country in Africa, to be honest, can do better for its people. First, I believe they should create better healthcare systems that truly fulfill patient requirements. Patients’ needs must take precedence above societal pressure and prestige. An alternative to exclusion is establishing assistance programs that help individuals afford services while caring for their children. I also believe that educational initi
According to the Good News Bible , God is the creator of the universe and all forms of life including the human person. The Bible presents a theory of creation in which God existed as spirit in a void world with the earth covered by water and darkness. The Bible portrays a picture of a formless and desolate earth devoid of any form of life in the pre-creation era (Genesis 1: 1-2). According to Good News Bible , “God created the heavens and stretched them out; he fashioned the earth and all that lives there; he gave all life and breath to all its people” (Isaiah 42: 5). The current essay seeks to bring out what the Bible says about the mysteries of god and the human person. It is stated in the Good News Bible , “……and now we will make human beings; they will be like us and resemble us. They will have power over the fish, the birds, and all animals, domestic and wild, large and small. So God created human beings, making them to be like himself. He created them male and female…” (Genesis 1: 26-27). The human person was created on the sixth day of creation. God created the human in his own image and gave him power over all creation (Genesis 1: 26-27). The Bible depicts God as a mysterious being who appears in miraculous ways to the human person, especially when he wants to communicate to his people. The Good News Bible describes the mysterious way in which God reveals himself to Moses in the book of Exodus Chapter 3:1-7. God appeared to Moses in the form of a burning bush that was not consumed by the fire. In Good News Bible, Moses wondered, “Why isn’t the bush burning up?”(Exodus 3:3). According to the Good News Bible , God reveals himself to Zachariah through an angle (1:1-8). This is another mystery of God in relation to the human person, revealing himself through his angles. The Good News Bible states, “An angle of the Lord appeared to him, standing on the right of the alter where the incense was burnt. When Zachariah saw him, he was alarmed and felt afraid” (Luke 1:11-12). In the same way as shown in Genesis, God is depicted as the source of human life. In the Good News Bible, angle Gabriel was used by God to deliver the message about the birth of Jesus to Mary. Angel Gabriel tells Mary, “You will become pregnant and give birth to a son and you will name him Jesus” ( Good News Bible, Luke 1:31). The Bible brings out the role of God as the creator of humans because although Jesus was the son of God, he was conceived by a human. This mysterious role of God as the creator is brought out in this case. Even Mary wonders how she can possibly give birth as she is still a virgin. In the Good News Bible, angle Gabriel answers her, “The Holy Spirit will come on you and God’s power will rest upon you” (Luke 1:35). The Good News Bible brings out the mysterious power of God as one who can bring a human person back to life after death (John 12:1). According to the Good News Bible , “…Jesus went to Bethany, the home of Lazarus,