ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Organizations, whether profit making, governmental or nonprofit, require human resources for their operations; when employees are working as a team, the main challenge facing management is whether motivation among employees is enhanced through individual members compensation or compensating an entire team (Henderson, 2003). This paper with the focus of Alaskan Tire Corporation explains three main reasons why incentives for good work or otherwise should be team based rather than on individual basis. Facilitating team spirit Workers engage their mind, time, expertise, and intellectualism in their works; they expect to be compensated through wages, salaries, bonuses, and non-cash benefits. When their efforts are attributed to attainment of a certain corporate goal, then when paid as a team there is growth of team spirit. According to employment agreement, an employer and employee are obliged to respect labor law in the country of operation and uphold to employment-contract terms and conditions. Developing an efficient team is the role of personnel management assisted by top and line managers; it starts with human resources planning to appraisal, motivation, rewards, and ends with termination of employment contract (Milkovich & Newman, 2006). Terms of employment vary with organizations and so do human resources practices like selection, contracting, and recruitment. One of the major functions of human resources department is developing a compensation strategy that satisfies all the employees irrespective of their rank, an effective reward strategy should be able to trigger motivation and increase the zeal to work-hard in an organization (Henderson, 2003). To grow cohesion among team members When team members get incentives as a group, every member will feel obliged to perform his duty effectively and feel that he has a burden to perform effectively since his performance will not only be pegged on his own achievements but the achievement of the larger group. When team is working together, they engage in activities where they need each other; when incentives are given to the group, communication will be facilitated as every member will be feeling that there is need to assist the other as they have a common goal to attain (Kleiman, 2000). It enhances motivation in teams When employers compensate performance of the team as a whole, then staffs are motivated to work harder and remain loyal to their employer and look forward to attain the team goals, objectives and targets. According to motivational theory by Victor Vroom of Yale School of Management called Expectancy theory, employees are motivated by the benefits they get from their employer: When they get higher returns, they are likely to improve their performance to the benefit of the employer. The theory tries to relate the ways human resources can be motivated in their day-to-day duties. Motivation is the drive an individual has; it makes him persevere to attain set goals either in life or in an organization. People have different personalities and so do different things motivate them (Harold & Michael, 1994). Incentives should
David Tuff is a security guard, who is 24 years old; and has been working in Minneapolis for the Blue Mountain Company for about 17 months. This company manages retail shops and malls; this company has a section which trains security guards and distributes them to the malls. According to the local and Minnesota laws, the county police department is the one mandated with licensing security officers and approving them; therefore, security officers are suppose to adhere to all police unit’s rules. Tuff took his training and passed the examination taken by all security guards, and he was given a license. Also, as Tuff was training at Blue Mountain, he acquainted himself to procedures in the Manual meant for security officers. According to the manual, a security officer should notify the police department of any serious accident or crime happening at the licensee premises, and failure to do so the security guard will have violated the manual’s provisions. The provisions in the manual also demand that a security guard should surrender his badge together with the identification card when he is suspended or revoked. Violation of the provisions will lead to a disciplinary action. Security guard officers are also supposed to adhere to lawful rules and orders given by the superintendent officer and any other officer giving orders on behalf of him. Tuff vowed to adhere to these provisions knowing that any violation will cost him his license and a punishment. After joining Blue Mountain, security guards were issued with new rules and these rules required them to order intoxicated persons off parking lots and escort them to up to the public roads; such people included those under the influence of alcohol. Tuff was not pleased with the new rules because they were against the rules of the police department; therefore, he presented his complaint to the company’s superiors about his dissatisfaction, but they dismissed him. Tuff decided to take a step to discuss the issue with the fellow security guards and its violation of the provisions i
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) is a personality test applied in mental health. It is used to diagnose psychiatric illnesses; the psychiatric categories used are depression, hysteria, hypochondria, paranoia, psychopathic deviation, psychasthenia, hypomania, and schizophrenia. Later, two skills were added which are social introversion and masculinity-femininity (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008). NEO personality inventory is a personality test created to assess five major domains of personality. These domains are neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, extraversion, and conscientiousness. The original MMPI was made up of 550 items to which the patient gave the responses true, false or cannot say. In the test construction process for MMPI, only those items, which differentiated a clinical group from a non clinical group, were included. MMPI was hand cored or machines corp. A revision was made to the first version, and MMPI-2 was made to have a total of 704 items. The participants in its construction were from Minnesota, Ohio, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Washington, California, and Virginia. In is construction, it was intended for those who are at least 13 years old and or can read at the eighth grade level (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008). MMPI-2 can be administered to individuals or groups. MMPI has an adolescent version known as MMPI-A. Non English versions of the test were created, and it was made in such a way that it can be computer scored. The original scales were created to forecast psychiatric categorization, therefore, the original use of MMPI depended on simple interpretation based on elevated scale scores. The examination became focused on profiles or patterns of scores. The interpretation was made to be based on content (Sellbom & Ben-Porath, 2005). The NEO personality inventory in its creation incorporated six facets into each of the domains it assesses. These facets were created to characterize the various aspects of every domain. It was created to contain 240 items and the responses are on a five point scale. This five point scale includes strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree. It was made to be a self reported measure of personality features which comprised of personality known as five factor model. It was developed on the basis of empirical test construction strategy which puts emphasis on construct validity. The items included were selected on the basis of empirical performance. In the construction, therefore, the most valid and reliable items were the ones which were retained. Factor analysis of the performance was conducted to ensure that each item is loaded into their respective factors. Nearly half of the items in revised NEO personality invento
Despite the fact that Bertolucci’s movie has a number of flaws, historical inaccuracies and a rather jumbled plot, it can still be considered a rather impressive and memorable interpretation of Siddhartha and the Four Noble Truths. The first noble truth, i.e., the truth of dukkha, or suffering and anxiety, is shown in Siddhartha’s battle with Mara, i.e., the demon representing the ego. In the process, Jesse practically defeats himself; thus, through the denial of his self, he learns the nature of non-self, which leads him to the Enlightenment. The Second Truth, i.e., the origin of dukkha, is represented by Jesse’s parents, whose ignorance prevents them from letting Jesse join the ranks of the Buddhist monks. The representation of the Third Truth i.e., the cessation of dukkha, can be traced in Jesse’s way from a Buddhist to a Buddha. Eventually, the movie unwraps the secret of the Fourth Truth, which is the path to the cessation of dukkha, as the leading character fights his personal demons to become the Enlightened One. The movie follows the source material very closely, representing each part of The Dhammapada in a unique and original way. Pairs : Hatred is never appeased by hatred in this world. By non-hatred alone is hatred appeased. This is a law eternal ( The Dhammapada ). In the scene with the serpent, the latter embodies hatred. Just as rain does not break through a well-thatched house, so passion never penetrates a well-developed mind ( The Dhammapada ). The given concept is shown through Siddhartha’s fight with the serpent. Heedfulness : Heedlessness is the path to death ( The Dhammapada ). Ever grows the glory of him who is energetic mindful and pure in conduct, discerning and self-controlled, righteous and heedful ( The Dhammapada ). As Siddhartha acquires new skills and learns new ideas, he fights his heedlessness. The mind: As a fish when pulled out of water and cast on land throbs and quivers, even so is this mind agitated. Hence should one abandon the realm of Mara ( The Dhammapada ). Whatever harm an enemy may do to an enemy, or a hater to a hater, an ill-directed mind inflicts on oneself a greater harm ( The Dhammapada ). Again, the scene with the snake represents the pitfall of hatred. Flowers : As a mighty flood sweeps away the sleeping village, so death carries away the person of distracted mind who only plucks the flowers (of pleasure) ( The Dhammapada ). Upon a heap of rubbish in the road-side ditch blooms a lotus, fragrant and pleasing ( The Dhammapada ). With lotuses representing pleasures, the movie portrays the dangers of indulging into pleasures well enough. The fool: A fool who knows his foolishness is wise at least to that extent, but a fool who thinks himself wise is a fool indeed ( The Dhammapada ). Fools of little wit are enemies unto themselves ( The Dhammapada ) The conc
Introduction Cardiovascular disease is one of the most frequent diseases many Americans suffer from and one of the most evident reasons of death among people under 20. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to take the steps, prevent the development of this disease, and help people resist the challenges caused by CVD (George, Tong, Sonnenfeld, & Hong, 2012). The current paper aims at discussing the peculiarities of one of the existing guidelines for CVD prevention in clinical practices, the use of aspirin in clinical practices, and discussing this recommendation’s connection to the determinants of health actions. Origins The risk for cardiovascular problems has been considerably increased during the last decade. People want to have a good and stable assistance and hope to decrease risk with the help of some medications. In 2007, the representatives of the American Diabetes Association and the American Heart Association introduced aspirin therapy as an option for primary prevention for people over 40, who are challenged by such risks like smoking, hypertension, family history, etc. (Pignone, Alberts, Colwell, Cushman, Inzucchi, & Roseson, 2010). During a certain period of time, the effects of aspirin have been thoroughly studied. It has been proved that aspirin promotes the decrease of cardiovascular morbidity and even mortality cases (Ittaman, VanWormer, & Rezkalla, 2014). Contributions to the Development Recently, the US Preventive Services Task Force has updated the information and described how aspirin should be used by men aged 45-79, women 55-79, men under 45, women under 55, and both, males and females, above 80 (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2011). It is recommended to use a daily low-dose of aspirin to prevent heart attack risks only after consulting a personal physician because the benefits and risks of aspirin use are different for each person (American Heart Association, 2015). Current Conditions Nowadays, many people continue using this preventive strategy as one of the safest and the easiest ways to rely on. However, the current changes within the guidelines show that it is not effective for people above 80 to use this therapy. There are no particular recommendations to consider. It is also not suggested for men under 45 and women under 55 to use aspirin frequently as it is not effective if no additional risks factors are identified. Still, men age 45-79 years, and women age 55-79 years are encouraged to use aspirin when potential CVD benefits overwhelm potential harm (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2011). Relation to the Determinants of Health In fact, the use of aspirin does not have a close connection or impact on such determinants of health like lifestyle, social relationships, the environment, etc. However, the reason of why aspirin should be used by people (to prevent CVD) is closely connected to the style of life chosen
Globalization influences almost every facet of modern life. The majority of economists affirm that globalization offers numerous advantages to individual economies across the globe by ensuring that markets become more efficient, strengthening competition, restricting military conflicts, and distributing resources equally worldwide. Globalization allows corporations to attain economies of scale that decrease costs and, in turn, back further economic development (Borchert & Yotov, 2017). However, this has the effect of hurting scores of small businesses endeavoring to compete locally. The supporters of globalization feel that it enables developing nations to catch up to developed countries via enhanced manufacturing, diversification, economic growth, and advancement of living standards (Dunne & Reus-Smit, 2017). China offers an excellent instance of a state economy that has reaped greatly from globalization. Outsourcing by businesses makes developing countries benefit from jobs and technology available in developed nations. For instance, the North American Free Trade Agreement allowed American vehicle companies to shift their functions to Mexico, where there was cheap labor. Globalization facilitates social justice on a global level and has promoted human rights around the world. Despite its countless benefits, globalization has its drawbacks. For instance, it has resulted in price fluctuations (Borchert & Yotov, 2017). Attributable to intensified competition, developed nations are compelled to reduce the costs of their products (Ashenfelter, Engle, McFadden, & Schmidt‐Hebbel, 2018). This is caused by nations like China producing commodities at reduced prices that make products cheaper when compared to the ones manufactured in some developed nations. On this note, for developed nations to retain their clients, they are obliged to lower the costs of their products. This disadvantages them since it decreases the capacity to uphold social well-being in their nations.
Interview For this task, I interviewed a nurse and sought to find out more about her role in health care provision and the challenges that come with the position. Below is a summary of the interview: Describe the activities in a typical day in your job When I arrive at the clinic on my shift, the first thing I do is change into my uniform. I then attend the shift change report presentation. This process helps get me at par with the goings-on at the clinic, in addition to providing me with details of every patient at the facility. After the reports, I report to my assigned ward, where I provided services ranging from medicine administration to dressing of wounds. When my shift comes to an end, I sit for another report presentation meeting, where I let the nurses taking over know what I have done during the day and what remains undone. How many hours do you work in a typical week? In a week, I work an average of 60 hours. Tell me about your background, including your education and experience. I was born in the rural areas of Saudi Arabia to peasant farmers. I attended local primary and secondary schools and later advanced to the nursing school at King Khalid University from where I graduated with a Diploma in Nursing. The college provided me with a one-year internship at its training hospital, after which I managed to secure a job at the Jeddah Clinic Hospital, where I have been for one year now. What kind of people do you work with? Who do you serve? Who are your colleagues? In my profession, I normally work hand in hand with doctors (both general practitioners and specialists), pharmacists, hospital assistants, and accountants. Our main clientele is primarily sick people, who drop at the clinic as the first line of treatment. We also receive clients seeking general medical checkups. Why are you interested in this particular field? I always wanted a job that enabled me to help others. Nursing helps me alleviate the suffering of people I have never met before and the satisfaction of seeing them walk out of the clinic healthy puts joy in
Introduction The analysis of the social environment is the important aspect of realizing the cultural background and the social problems of the clients. Thus, this research will help understand the requirements and problems of the clients, which influence their decisions and considerations. The interviewed person is a Costa Rican female, a mental health worker in New York City, who does not speak Spanish. In general, her job is close to social work considering her salary, nevertheless, it is one of a few opportunities to earn her living. Her ethnic background is the Spanish and Latin American immigrants, who moved to the USA in the late 1940s. Originally, she may be regarded as a middle-class citizen of the US community, as she does not have the higher education, and is paid a minimal salary, required to survive in New York City. In the light of this statement, it should be emphasized that there is an increasing crowding and the demand for the public health facilities, where the interviewee works, and the fact is that these demands are essentially higher in comparison with the governmental allocations for these spheres. Nevertheless, the street life, the increasing poverty level, and the neighborhood activities, associated with the street life and poverty, give the sense of community and the common effort of overcoming the possible difficulties, as well as the preservation of the ethnic values and traditions within these immigrant communities. Thus, it should be emphasized that the ethnographic interview with this person will be mainly aimed at disclosing her living habits and the ethical values, she aims to preserve. Moreover, she will be asked about her job, and the entire interview will be regarded through the prism of social problems, attributable to immigrant living. The most burning problem for her community is the increasing poverty. Cultural Guide The cultural background of the interviewee entails the traditions and customs of the immigrant community, as well as the ethnic traditions of the Costa Rican people. Originally, the aspects of increasing poverty make the preservation of cultural traditions more complex. Nevertheless, people work, live, entertain and the feeling of community makes them stronger. Initially, there is a strong necessity to ask the respondent to describe her typical working day: We, as mental health workers are obliged to provide special services and care for people with mental health difficulties. Thus, my working day is full of concerns, worries, and cares, as most of these people are not able to take care of themselves. Often, there is no break, and the whole day is spent caring for and serving the patients of the medical center. Originally, clients of the mental health centers experience mild to moderate mental health problems, consequently, the main task of the workers is to help these clients in their everyday activities. The skills, which are required for working with such patients, are anxiety management, cognitive behavior therapy, and problem-solving treatment. Additionally, we are often involved in teamwork, and GP practices are common for us. We are recruited to help
The opportunities for mutually beneficial partnerships open up broad prospects for enterprises and help to not only effectively cope with periodically arising difficulties but also to increase production indicators. Thus, I can assume that cooperation can be considered mutually beneficial if both sides have such advantages as recognition in the market, a large consumer base, etc. and can successfully function in an alliance, at the same time following different courses. According to Zeng and Xia (2015), partnership in different spheres resembles insurance and protection in case of a crisis, and some modern large and small companies interact actively, helping one another and developing their own business. Pricing policies, certainly, play an important role in the process of forming market relations and establishing links among firms and corporations. The principles of corporate governance, as Chow (2016) claims, provide for transactions among organizations with different purposes, the main one of which is strengthening of positions in the market and create a favorable business environment. At the same time, I believe that cooperation is relevant not only among individual private enterprises but also non-governmental organizations. For instance, Harangozó and Zilahy (2015) note that a large potential exists in the development of business relations where civil associations and commercial companies take part. Such interaction can facilitate several improvements at once. For example, public organizations will be better funded by sponsors, and commercial enterprises, in their turn, will receive rather good publicity. All these features relate to the sphere of mutually beneficial cooperation, which is one of the mechanisms of modern business management. Therefore, I think that the words that the desire for personal interests can be realized through the fulfillment of the interests of others are often true, and this peculiarity has a justification in the form of various concrete examples.