ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A transformation model is comprised of elements that are considered to be on the transformation priorities of an organization. Different people over the years have regarded the transformation process to be a difficult task. This is attributed to the huge brain capacity needed to ensure the transformation elements are working (Morgan, 2010, p. 247). On the other hand, operations are regarded as activities that are directly linked to the objective purpose of the organization, both in the production of goods or services. Operations as a function, is distinctively distinguished from other functional sectors of an organization. The other sectors include: accounting, finance or personnel (Summers, 1998, p. 1). Atlanta International Airport is one of the organizations in America that is attributed to the employment of over a thousand employees. Some of the employed staff members are based in the 300 and above organizations within the airport. Despite the millions of passengers the airport handles, it has emerged to be one of the efficient as well as properly managed airports across the globe. Micro-operations, resources and operation management In an organization, an operation is normally broken down into micro-operations for the sole purpose of managing the intended operations, as well as generally improving the organization. The effects of the micro-operation are based on the production of goods and services, which in return satisfy the needs of the customers. A combination of contributions that results from micro-operation and satisfaction of customer needs are called processes (Barnes and Open University, 2001, p. 27). In all operations, resources are used in form of inputs and are incorporated into the operating systems. It is through the actions taken within the organization as well as the undertaking of decisions by the management that converts the inputs into the intended outputs. In this perspective the operation is hence considered to be a transformational model as it has three components. The three components include: 1) Input elements. The input elements incorporate the transforming resources of operations such as the existing facilities and people, as well as transformed resources such as materials and information. 2) Conversion process. The conversion process incorporates activities of operation management that take effect as the transformation process takes place. 3) Outputs elements. The output elements are regarded as the outcome of incorporation of both the input resources as well as relevant conversion resources. In regards to this, the transformation model is conside
Social responsibility entails policies that organizations put in place as part of a company’s governance projected to ensure the corporate’s functions are effective and beneficial to all stakeholders. These guidelines help protect the environment, improve the quality of life for societies, and provide a conducive working environment through recognizing and appreciating talented and hardworking employees. This increases customer loyalty as clients feel they are helping the business support worthy initiatives, thus, enabling more access to funds and allowing more investors to join and support the company. The business rewards employees through meaningful praises, which makes them appreciated. It provides workers a chance to lead by example while giving them the capacity to make decisions without interference, demonstrating that they are trusted and capable (Yang et al., 2019). Additional monetary motivations comprise yearly or semi-yearly bonuses. Additionally, paid time-off and cash prizes help to boost performance while encouraging feelings. The company exercises CSR by adopting a business code of ethics, which shapes workers’ behavior on morals, standards, environment, self-esteem, and customer service. The organization has established dependable systems to protect staff and avoid accidents and injuries (Tamvada, 2020). It also ensures suppliers are aware of and meet the expectations of responsible conduct concerning issues such as affordable costs. For instance, screening dealers to define their past behavior and discuss what the company expects. The only change in CSR that I would suggest is how the organization handles employees’ creativity. I would encourage the company to set a stage for brainstorming, thus, encouraging new ideas and creativity (Tamvada, 2020). Regarding complaints about the company engagement and expenditures, it is evident that the business is striving to improve CSR, and the further it advances in that direction, the more it benefits. For instance, experiencing more brand recognition means increases in sales. Nestle has endeavored to become a socially responsible and environmentally sustainable corporation. Thus, it qualifies for a pass because of its tremendous achievement in empowering communities. It has improved people’s living standards, creating access to hygiene and clean water and motivating populations to live healthy lifestyles. I would recommend the company implement an Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) process (Tamvada, 2020). ERM should be applied since it is designed to find possible events that can affect the business. This will also help manage risks and opportunities and develop meaningful assurance concerning company objectives.
President Obama’s foreign policy in the Middle East covers the interests of the US in Iran, Gaza, Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Libya. The Obama’s foreign policy in this block includes strategies for ending the Iraqi war, militarization of local groups fighting terrorism, the provision of aid to Gaza and Syria, rebuilding and constructing strong alliances with Israel, Libya, and Iran as a strategy for securing the interest of the US in the Middle East, and direct engagement of the citizens of this region in the democratization and demilitarization of different militia groups. For instance, the Obama administration has pledged more than $900 million aimed at reconstructing Gaza, increased sale of legal military hardware to Saudi Arabia, where the US earned $60.5 billion in the year 2010, coerced the Iran government to support democracy and human rights through economic sanctions, and probable return of the US forces in Iraq to counter the rise in extremist Islamic militias such as the ISIL (Gerges 54). The Obama administration’s approach in foreign policy in the Middle East is a mixture of trade alliances, promotion of democracy, thwarting of terrorism and extremist groups, and reconstruction of regions that have been desolated by prolonged conflicts. Impact of the Congress From the beginning of Obama’s term as the president, there has been mixed and sometimes heated disagreements in Congress with regards to his foreign policies. Interestingly, the Obama administration’s foreign policy in the Middle East has received opposition by the Congress members from the Democratic and Republican parties alike. The opposition has hurt some of the policies such as ending the war in Syria, which was opposed by the Congress based on lack of prioritization, limited public interest, and minimal returns to the US economy. Presidency in the US and the UAE Similarities In the US and the UAE, the president is both the head of government and the head of state. Besides, the two countries share similarity is the role of the president as the commander-in-chi
Summary Varieties of capitalism provide an approach for understanding various similarities and differences in employee relations. The institutional capitalism structure was linked to compatibility with productive activities. The theory originates from a political economy discipline that seeks to explain various patterns of employee relations in different states. It was prompted by the increase in neoliberalists citing problems in the economic setup that was as a result of government interference and inaccessible market functions (Hall & Soskice, 2001). The other influence of the theory is the fall of Soviet communism and the effects realized from relative performances witnesses from Germany, Japan, and South Korea, thus raising doubts about neo-liberal claims (Jasiecki, 2018). The two scenarios outline the connection between varieties of capitalism and employee relations in various countries. The varieties of capitalism are characterized by a central approach to the advantage of institutional comparative and coordination problems that organizations face. The challenges are experienced in industrial relations, corporate governance, employee relationship, inter-firm relation, and vocational training and education practices (Hall & Soskice, 2001). The theory argues that identifying two institutional solutions is effective for addressing the issues. The ideal forms of capitalism include liberal markets and coordinated market economies. Firms use both internal and external solutions to coordinate problems. National institutions also play an integral role in shaping firms’ approaches to coordination challenges. For instance, liberal market economies state that firms need to solve their coordination problems through markets and hierarchies such as arm’s length relations and higher competition levels. Coordinated market economies (CME) highlight the need for firms to resolve the challenges using the market and hierarchies and through non-market institutions that help solve internal and external problems (Jasiecki, 2018). The liberal markets are characterized by well-developed capital and market mechanisms that help coordinate supplier and buyer relations. Liberal market economies (LME) are also a market-based form of industrial relations with few commitments in the long run by employers and workers. Strengths of Varieties of Capitalism Varieties of capitalism (VoC) approach is a source of new methodological and theoretical inspirations important in the comparative study of employee relations. The framework draws focuses on various institutions’ holistic nature in creating relatively coherent patterns of complementarity (Howell, 2019). The theory has a sizeable cognitive potential that is considered helpful in providing discussions about systematic changes and th
The Relationship of the NGO Sector With the Government Sector A healthy relationship between the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the government can only be achieved when the two parties share a common objective. When this is not the case, the relationship shifts from that of collaboration to achieve the set objectives to that of confrontation which is frustrating for both parties. Good communication and the relationship between the government and the NGOs is very important for effective NGO regulation. This, therefore, demands that the government come up with effective mechanisms for dialogue to ensure that the needs and realities of the NGO sector are accounted for. In the same way, NGOs need to appreciate the role of the government in ensuring their accountability. In order to achieve good governance, there needs to be mutual respect between the government and the NGOs (Charity Commission for England and Wales, 2011). This relationship can also be affected by the policies put in place by the government which includes consultation and delivering of services to the public among others. In the United States, the past few decades have seen an increase in the number of NGOs. This has been as a result of a good relationship between the government and these organizations. Firstly, the government in this region has facilitated democracy and facilitated support for these organizations which have now become an important bridge between the government, business, and even the society. This has not been the case in Cameroon; this is because the consistent problems in the Cameroon government which have been characterized by lack of transparency, accountability and even corruption among others have necessitated the intervention of the NGOs and other bodies to press the government to be more efficient (Charity Commission for England and Wales, 2011). As a result, the relationship between the government and the NGOs has not been that of cooperating to achieve the set objectives. Some NGOs have even taken extreme steps where they have mobilized people to raise their voices in protest against some of the government policies ( REF ). This has made their relationship to be that of confrontational. There is increased transparency due to the United States’ adoption of the Global Reporting Initiative for the NGOs affiliated to this nation. This has made it possible for the government to achieve parity on transparency standards (Clark, 1991). In addition, the NGOs have become effective in their traditional role of acting as watchdogs by reporting the government’s activities. In Cameroon, this has not been the case. This is because the NGOs’ decision to pressure the government to remain accountable to its policies and al
A picture of a child in “A Song in the Front Yard” In the poem “A Song in the Front Yard” we get a picture of a child who needs and wants to explore the world beyond her front yard. She knows that there is a bigger world beyond her restricting boundary wall, “I’ve stayed in the front yard all my life,”(Line 1), and seeks to explore the world. Her sheltered childhood has forced her to think about what might be beyond these boundaries. “I want a peek at the back” (Line 2). This simple insight indicates that she feels simply exploring the backyard may be a good starting point. “To where the charity children play. I want a good time today. They do some wonderful things. They have some wonderful fun”. (Lines 8-10) the child feels that since other children are having fun, she ought to be part of that larger experience. The poem is about restrictions placed on a person that chain his desire to explore and learn. Though these boundaries are created for our protection often they seem like chains. The child in ‘A sick Rose’ The poem, A sick Rose, by William Blake on the other hand deals with the subject of a rose and worm. Now when we compare the two poems, they initially appear less common. But upon closer analysis, we notice many similarities. In both cases, a fragile subject is under study. In the first poem, it was the child who we all know is quite fragile. In this poem, it’s a rose which by nature is delicate. Both the child and the rose are suffering from an obsessive love of someone. In the first case, the child is suffering because of over-protection. The parents love the child and want him to stay within the front yard boundary of the house. But the child is not happy with this restriction, it is eating on him. The other poem deals in a similar fashion with the delicate subject who is being eaten away by the obsessive love of a worm. The worm is attached to the rose because it loves the subject but that love is bad for the rose. In almost the same manner, the overprotection of parents is bad for the child. The child is being told all sorts of things to justify overprotection: “My mother sneers, but I say it’s fine how they don’t have to go in at quarter to nine. My mother, she tells me that Johnnie Ma will grow up to be a bad woman.” (Lines 11-14) but the child doesn’t agree with her mom. She doesn’t probably even understand why people who stay out would grow up to be bad. In her small mind, the child is desperately thinking of the world beyond her house. She wants to be as carefree as the children in the street. The child wants to be free, to be able to stay out longer, to experience the wonders of the world and we must all understand that it is extremely for a child to be able to explore. A child who is not given the chance to do so becomes dull in almost the same manner as the love of the worm withers away the rose
What major types of marketing intermediaries occupy retailing sector? In the retailing sector, three major types of marketing intermediaries are represented. The first type is store retailers; they usually offer one of the following levels of service: self-service, an automated store, which is preferred by many customers (Cisco Customer Experience Research 4); self-selection, where customers select good on their own but can ask for aid; limited service, where more shopping goods are available; full service, where shop assistants help the customers at each stage of the buying process (Kotler and Keller 448). The second type is nonstore retailers. Nowadays, nonstore retailing is becoming more and more popular, and the growing number of customers prefer this type to the previous one. This type includes direct marketing (by means of the Internet and TV), automatic selling, direct vending, and buying services (Kotler and Keller 449). The third type is corporate retailing and franchising. In such organizations, franchisees perform operations that are controlled by a franchisor. Such interaction is mutually beneficial: franchisees are better acquainted with the local market and have sufficient motivation while a franchisor possesses funds and opportunities (Kotler and Keller 450). What marketing decisions do these marketing intermediaries make? The mentioned marketing intermediaries make decisions related to the following fields:   * Target market – determining the key audience to understand the needed assortment, price, the specificities of advertisement, etc.   * Channels – finding out how to reach out to this audience (the Internet, traditional stores, or other formats).   * Product assortment – understanding whether a customer wants a narrow or a broad assortment, a shallow or a deep assortment.   * Procurement – developing the features of the merchandise policy.   * Prices – establishing reasonable prices.   * Services – establishing a range of available services (Kotler and Keller 453-457).   * Store atmosphere, activities, and experiences – selecting the way in which the environment in a store will be organized to encourage customers to spend time here (Lesonsky par. 8-11).   * Communications – selecting means to operate purchasing rates, such as sales, coupons, special programs, etc.   * Location – selecting convenient and beneficial locations for stores (Kotler and Keller, 458). What are the major trends with marketing intermediaries? Major trends among marketing intermediaries include the following. First, despite the fact that the majority of products and services are sold at traditional stores, nonstore retailing, especially via the I
Introduction: the Rana Plaza Incident from the Perspective of Universal Ethical Values There is no secret that a number of multinational corporations use cheap labor from third-world countries (Dixon, Drakakis-Smith & Watts, 2013). Such a strategy helps thee companies maintain their high revenues. However, exploiting cheap labor without thinking of the safety of the workers often comes at a price, as the notorious Rana Plaza incident shows ( Disaster at Rana Plaza , 2013). The aforementioned incident can be viewed as a breach of the universal ethical values, i.e., putting people’s’ lives in peril for the sake of financial profit (Rendtorff, 2009). It is not only the fact of neglecting every possible safety rule, however, that gets most people’s attention in the given case, but the lack of concern for the lives of workers shown by the company. The Perspective of Utilitarianism, Kantian Ethics, Justice and Rights The value of human life, the workers’ welfare and good working conditions are the required minimum that any company must provide to its employees, according to the basic ethical principles. In fact, even though different ethical theories exercise different approaches towards the concept of labor and the principles of social hierarchy among a group of people, each these theories puts a strong emphasis on the priority of human life. For example, through the lens of the Kantian ethics, the Rana Plaza case can be viewed as a failure to follow the principle а Categorical Imperative and appreciate human life as the highest value (Motial, 2011). The Utilitarianism principles of striving for the greater good (Pogman & Frieser, 2011) have also been neglected in the Rana Plaza case. Finally, from the perspective of justice and rights, the workers’ rights for safe working conditions have been violated (Lundi, 2011). Concerning the Moral Minimum in Corporate Responsibility: Kew Garden Principles Taking the principles known as Kew Garden (Brenkert & Beauchamp, 2012), one can possibly transfer them into the realm of the business world and define the basis for the ethical relationships between employees and employers. According to Kew Garden, the following concepts must be taken as a guideline:  1. need;  2. proximity;  3. capability;  4. last resort (Hollenbach, 2008). Translated into business, these elements are interpreted as recognizing the ethical dilemma, approaching it, considering the effort to be taken and taking every possible chance to do the right thing (Fisher & Lovell, 2009). De George’s Five Guidelines for Multinational Corporations To understand how GAEMCI as the organization enhancing social responsibility (Yperen, 2006) must respond to the current
Assessments are important in implementing effective learning strategies (Estes, 2014). They are particularly useful in Early Childhood Development (ECD) because they provide education stakeholders with vital information for improving the development and growth of young children. According to Navarrete (2015), six types of assessment tools are used in early childhood education. They include formative, ipsative, diagnostic, summative, evaluative, and informative. The formative assessment technique works by interpreting a child’s progress and tailoring the curriculum to improve their learning experience (Navarrete, 2015). This assessment tool differs from the ipsative technique because the latter is tailored towards a child’s needs as opposed to the importance of adapting to the external environment, which influences their educational growth and development (Navarrete, 2015). The summative assessment technique is useful in evaluating a child’s progress within a limited time (Navarrete, 2015). Comparatively, the evaluative assessment technique is more focused on the effectiveness of curriculum development more than any other aspect of ECD implementation (Navarrete, 2015). Lastly, the informative assessment method is preoccupied with gathering information about a child’s educational growth and development to share it with parents or ECD stakeholders (Navarrete, 2015). Based on the sheer importance of undertaking assessments, the perception of teachers towards such reviews is likely to influence the success of ECD. This research proposal seeks to investigate teachers’ perceptions towards assessments in early childhood education in Saudi Arabia. The purpose statement and research questions that will guide the proposed study appears below. Purpose Statement To explore and identify teachers’ perceptions toward assessment processes in early childhood centers in Saudi Arabia. Research Questions  1. What are the main assessment tools used in early childhood special education?  2. What are the main promoters that help teachers before, during, and after assessment processes?  3. What are the main factors that prevent teachers from undertaking successful assessments? Hypotheses  1. Formative and summative techniques are the main assessment processes used in ECD in Saudi Arabia.  2. Parent, management, and legal support are essential in building a positive attitude about assessment processes.  3. Time is a major constraint in the completion of assessment processes