ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The short story “Hills Like White Elephants” relationships between a young girl and her boyfriend who try to solve the problem of romantic love and further relations. This short story is based on symbolism and vivid images which add emotional tension to the story. Two academic essays, Ernest Hemingway’s “Hills Like White Elephants” by K. Bernardo and Hemingway’s “Hills Like White Elephants” and the tradition of the American in Europe by D. Grant propose different Apaches to symbolic interpretations and themes, thus they underline a unique nature and outstanding style of Hemingway and his literary vision. Bernardo concentrates on symbolic interpretations and visual images used to define the meaning of the short story. He underlines that what reader is not amazed at the end of “Hills Like White Elephants” to learn that thirty-five minutes have passed while Jig and her man wait for the train to Madrid, a detail that suggests long silences between sparse dialogue, and hints at the lack of connection between the two. The early versions of that story put Jig and the American man on the train for which they only wait in the finished version. In contrast to Bernardo, Grant concentrates on traditions and language usage. The author underlines that in the dialogue the reader has no indication of authorial privilege. Focusing on both Hemingway’s evolution as a writer and on the writing process itself, a number of seminal studies have emerged over the past decade that traces the transformation of jotted notes into finished art. At this point, however, we stand upon the threshold of discovery. The construction of a comprehensive view of Hemingway’s stylistic development, evolving aesthetic, and philosophy of composition not only presents new directions for study but will also establish the theoretical framework necessary for a fresh examination of the entire Hemingway canon, seeming oddities and all. Their function is to determine, again, whether the ruthless, aggressive component of man’s need to create form and/or take life is dominant by nature or conditioning, and (this time) whether or not a woman can discover in herself the capacity to experience such aggression, so as to participate in man’s endeavor rather than merely appreciate its necessity in another. Bernardo gives attention to details while Grant proposes to readers a general overview of the text and its cultural meaning. Bernardo writes: “It is clear that Jig does not want to have an abortion – not from what she says, of course, but from the pressure, the man applies to talk her into it” (Bernardo n.d.). Bernardo underlines that the young girl is in practice torn apart by needs simultaneously to compete and nurture. And though she incorporates both drives in a nearly incredible symbiosis with Grant’s interpretations, not even their remarkable concord of interests holds them together. In a bold, final attempt to resolve creatively the impasse of differing primary concerns between the sexes, these speculative portrayals of sexual atavism push human nature beyond its l
Introduction Determining one’s personality qualities is a crucial step toward self-improvement and successful interpersonal communication (Safaei, Moghmizade, & Shariati, 2014). The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) offers an opportunity for an insight into one’s self (Moran, 2015). According to the MBTI results, I am an ESTJ, or “the Executive” (ESTJ standing for Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judgment) (16 Personalities, n.d.). While the test sheds a lot of light on my personality, it overlooks some of the minor characteristics that, once combined, contribute significantly to the big picture. For example, the test omits my ability to incorporate innovative solutions into t
In recent years, climate change has been the subject of heated debate. The Earth’s climate is a complicated system affected by multiple factors, each of which affects each other in a way that makes it difficult to define direct influences and establish clear causation of any changes in climate. This complexity allows for different opinions and points of view regarding how the climate is changing and why. The main points of debate are whether or not global warming exists, what its causes are if it does exist, and how its consequences can be mitigated. The discussion on global warming has been going on for decades, with people proposing strong arguments confirming the existence of global warming, as well as in rebuttal. The latter arguments are mostly based on the limitations of scientific analysis. For example, those who deny global warming suggest that it cannot be proven because of the lack of long-term historical data on climate change, imperfections in climate monitoring and prediction models, and the insufficiency of experimental data. However, most researchers agree that global warming is in fact taking place, based on three main pieces of evidence: the average temperature increase, the sea level increase, and the melting of glaciers. These three processes are interconnected as consequences of human activities (Meehl et al., 2012). Simulations that use advanced climate models and the most comprehensive data show that by 2100, the average temperature on the planet will be 1.77 °C above the 1861-1880 average (Meehl et al., 2012). The sea level is estimated to have risen by about 2.8 millimeters within the last 20 years, which, according to Meehl et al. (2012), is even more alarming than the increased temperatures. Glacier melting, according to Chen, Wilson, and Tapley (2013), demonstrates the impact of global warming on ecosystems and the natural balance of water on Earth. Based on these data points, the worldwide scientific community claims that global warming is real. However, researchers disagree on whether the causes of global warming are natural or human-made. The so-called “detection and attribution” challenge (Stone et al., 2013) means that even with the abundance of recent physical data on climate change, scientists still cannot clearly separate natural and anthropogenic causes. One example of a possible natural influence is the solar cycle. The Sun experiences periodic changes and irregular fluctuations in activity. Since the Sun is the primary source of energy delivered to Earth, it can be assumed that the solar cycle could affect Earth’s climate. However, most researchers agree that the solar cycle is a minor influence on modern climate change (Haigh, 2007). A major reason for
Introduction Religious tolerance is imperative in modern societies because it allows people with separate faiths, beliefs or values to coexist with one another. Acknowledgment of the validity of other people’s religions requires placing these different religions in their traditional contexts in order to understand them. Furthermore, understanding the history of other cultures allows one to appreciate how similar experiences led to different conceptual systems. One must realize that people created their belief systems in order to make sense of their worlds or the chaos around them. Therefore, every religion is reflective of the culture and history of its followers. Hindu-Buddhism In order to become religiously tolerant, one must familiarize oneself with the history of this religion. The Hindu pattern is again evidence of the fact that all religions are depictions of the experiences of the people involved and the conceptual systems that they deduced from them. The Hindu religion has more than one holy text, more than one religious authority, several deities, theological systems and understandings of morality. Adherents of this religion are highly tolerant because of its henotheistic nature. Nonetheless, most followers still believe in one Supreme Being who manifests his powers through different divinities. Central aspects of Hinduism include Vishnu (the preserver), Brahma (the creator) and Shiva (the destroyer). Belief in the cycle of life i.e. the Samsara is central to the teaching of these adherents. However, it is possible for one to achieve enlightenment and thus escape this cycle. Many assert that one’s present life stems from the consequences of one’s past life. This religion has four major doctrines that include dharma (righteousness in religion), artha (economic success) and kama (sense gratification) and nivritti (renunciation of the world). The latter is achieved through renunciation of the world in a process called moksha. Mankind’s supreme goal is to reach moksha. Therefore, moksha is a solution of samsara. It is derived from the Buddhist faith. Doctrines from the latter religion were crucial in resolving complications in this religion. All these concepts can be traced back to the history of the Hindu religion. By dissecting the experiences of the Hindu people, one can understand why they came to follow their present practices and this should foster religious tolerance among non Hindus (Esposito et al., 2002). The Hindu religion began as far back as 4000 BCE in the Indus Valley. It began with the Indus valley culture, which was held by native Indians. Thereafter, some Aryan tribes from Central Asia and Europe entered India and introduced Vedism. Since their immigration
Introduction Long-term psychotherapy is generally a type of psychotherapy that goes beyond the traditional time parameters allocated for the nursing of numerous psychological illnesses. In this case, Thelma is the client and was recommended for long-term psychotherapy by her caseworker. For long-term psychotherapy, there is no definite time frame allocated for the treatment. Studies show that, in most cases, individuals suffering from psychological distress often recover when nursed through short-term psychotherapy (Teyber & McClure, 2017). Nevertheless, Thelma suffers from a more debilitating or complex psychological disorder, which requires long-term psychotherapy. According to research, this form of therapy takes at least one year to treat (Wright et al., 2017). Generally, the long-term psychotherapy process usually involves both inpatient and outpatient treatment. In this instance, the psychotherapy process mostly employed outpatient treatment. The paper will study Thelma’s case, identify her diagnosis, describe how her relationship with her relatives affected her behavior, and provide recommendations for the future. Assessment Description of the Professional Setting In Thelma’s case, the counseling process involved two professional settings. The first setting is referred to as the private practice, which was based on counseling sessions with the client. The second session was community-based and entailed including the family members to establish the cause of Thelma’s condition. To examine the client’s disorder, the first step is to define Thelma’s background. The client, in this case, is a woman aged 48, and she originates from a mixed race. Thelma’s mother was African American, and her father was Hispanic, thereby making her both Hispanic and African American. Thelma never knew her father; however, she had a stepfather who was an alcoholic. Additionally, Thelma had an identical twin sister, two brothers, and an older sister. According to Thelma, she was certain that her stepfather sexually abused her when she was young. Despite these claims, she was unable to recall her encounters with her stepfather because she was too young. Children experience memory loss when they reach a particular age, and that might explain why Thelma was not able to remember being sexually molested by her father. According to Goodman et al. (2003), children usually experience what is known as childhood amnesia, and this generally occurs when they reach the age of 7 years. However, she remembers that her stepfather frequently abused her emotionally. The reason for this may be because she was already old enough to remember what was happening in her surroundings. Furthermore, Thelma could remember being sexually abused by her brothers. She further believed that her brothers abused her twin sister and could not tell anyone. Thelma believed this occurred to her sister because she described having experienced sexually abusive behavior from both her brothers. Furthermore, when she reported this sexual abuse to her mother, she could
Introduction The creation of an effective auditing system assists by ensuring that companies release reliable documents reporting about their proceedings to the investors. The federal law directed that each company should produce publications informing about the internal controls in a sufficient manner. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of the year 2002 directs that the companies must present annual report depicting the effectiveness of these controls. In fact, large companies demand external and independent auditors to assess the management. Essentially, the internal controls audit ought to be combined with the financial statements. However, each of these audits has distinct objectives which imply that they should be addressed differently. Eventually, the audit provides opinions on the statements and controls depending on the results of the evaluation. In fact, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act recommends this audit to maintain and make assurances on the transactions depending on conformity. Essentially, there are standards which are followed by auditors in order to determine the most significant issues. However, research indicates that deficiencies are being recorded prior to the implementation of the standards. The following list contains some of the most cited deficiencies.  1. The failure to note and test the controls in a sufficient manner that can avoid the effects of material misstatements  2. The partial testing of design and operation efficacy that assess their results  3. The failure to accrue adequate evidence reliable while updating the prevailing results of testing controls  4. The impartial testing of controls on data generated systematically to support vital controls  5. The failure to follow the procedures precisely while using work from other sources  6. The failure to assess the deficiencies identified from the controls In this regard, this assessment creates a strategic framework on the test of controls while providing procedural tactics applicable when auditing. Identifying Significant Accounts The identification tactics include evaluating the risk through the top-down approach for all relevant accounts. This approach does not lay emphasis on the risks of material misstatement regarding the significant accounts. Identifying Significant The conceptual framework identifies some accounting concepts and principles that ought to be followed in order to ensure that the preparation of the financial statements is conducted in an effective manner (“ASC” par. 3). The concepts also ensure that there is uniformity in the reporting procedures from one period to another. The DBS Bank has indeed followed the accrual concept since the revenues and expenses are reported in such a way, that all the accruals and prepayments have been well reported. In addition, the revenues and expenses have also been reported using the matching concept. The concept has been well addressed through ensuring that expense items have their own ledger accounts in order to identify the final net amount of each expense (“DBS Bank” par. 6). In addition, incomes have also been calculated in separate ledger accounts before bringing in the final the net amo
Introduction The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the most extensive integrated health care system in the United States that provides high-quality wellness programs at thousands of medical facilities. Over 9 million Veterans who are enrolled in this specific Veterans Administration program receive high-rate treatment every day. According to the VHA’s website, its mission is to Honor America’s Veterans by providing exceptional health care that improves their health and well-being (2009). American military veterans reportedly have higher rates of psychiatric disorders, lower socioeconomic status and worse physical shape than the civillians. They also show a higher statistic of suicide than the civilians do. The researchers prove that patients who receive the Integrated mental health care show more progress and improvement on the path of battling depression. Treatment within primary care settings results in greater adherence to treatment and improvements in depression symptoms compared to usual care. The Veterans health organization carries out many types of research to determine the best-integrated care practices to cure the mental state of the Veterans. The purpose of the following study is to provide a thorough research on the influence of the practices conducted on mental health and to examine the overall effectiveness of the integrative care system in delivering specific treatment. This research will examine and discuss the primary studies about implemented integrated healthcare models as well as provide examples and designs of those above. The sources covered in this paper are articles from various medical journals speculating about different programs which promote effective treatment of mental health problems. The documents also provide specific procedures for different mental disorders. Besides, this paper evaluates new programs that encourage the effective integrative therapies of common mental health and substance use disorders as well as their impact on the mental state of the veterans. Review of Literature History The first initiation of the primary care mental health integration (PC-MHI) was in 2007 by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The program integrated mental health services into 94 primary care clinic. Their main goal was to bring more attention to mental illnesses and to encourage the medication of the most prevalent mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. The integrated methods used various specialists to provide the best experience possible for the patients who were getting experimental treatments. The effectiveness of collaborative, measurement-based approaches to integrated care is well established for various mental illnesses, especially for such disturbance as depression. Methods and Results There are various methods of Integrated mental health care specifically created for the veterans. The collaborative care models that the patients receive are always carefully researched and tested before they can start to be conducted in primary care. People who struggle with de
The working-memory impairments experienced by a person with ADHD. Which brain areas appear to be involved? Impairments in working memory have to be addressed because they could affect individuals with ADHD to an extent where the latter would have trouble engaging in social or academic activities and generating adequate cognitive responses. The majority of difficulties that might arise from executive functioning deficits and impaired working memory might negatively affect a person’s problem-solving skills and moral reasoning (Jensen et al., 2018). Both children and adults with ADHD could maintain a strong inclination toward working memory impairments in spatial and verbal spheres. The first important argument for a thorough discussion on how ADHD could affect brain functioning and working memory impairments is the existence of prominent factors that could create a link between the disorder and the brain. A recent study in brain imaging showed that several brain regions are implicated in the notion of working memory impairment when it comes to people with ADHD, such as temporal, frontal, and parietal cortices (Duan et al., 2021). In order to improve working memory performance and reduce the impact on working memory, many care providers utilize methylphenidate. Manipulations with working memory also involve the prefrontal cortex rather often. The importance of secondary brain regions for individuals with ADHD cannot be underestimated either because the parietal lobe could significantly influence visual-spatial processing and verbal rehearsal (Jensen et al., 2018). Brain functioning in individuals with ADHD depends on the prefrontal cortex because the latter modifies neural activity across posterior cortical regions as well. To conclude, the impact of ADHD on brain functioning has to be studied further, as each of the brain regions affected by the disorder could be vital for a person’s everyday functioning, too. How might background music impact the working memory capacity I do not usually listen to music when I study because, personally, I feel like additional sounds tend to distract me and avert me from remembering all important pieces of information. My attitude toward the lack of connection between listening to music and studying effectively is also supported by de la Mora Velasco and Hirumi (2020), who claim that background music cannot be recommended as a supporting factor for one’s learning process. In the case where a learner possesses the lowest capacity level, they are never going to benefit from background music. Even in people with higher capacity levels of working memory, researchers were not able to find any statistically significant results that would approve of one turning on background music to study more effectively (Ntourou et al., 2020). For the most part, it should be considered a personal preference and a possible chance to appeal to the given learner’s motivation. Speaking of technologies or habits tha
Research methodology: Data collection methods Several methods are used to collect data during empirical research. Regardless of the method used, suitability is of great importance. During the survey, two major strategies were used as research tools. Hence, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied to obtain coherent and accurate data (Biddle, 2009). For instance, qualitative data was obtained through participant observation. Additionally, online structured questionnaires were distributed to respondents which acted as sources of quantitative information during the survey. Moreover, information was derived from both primary and secondary data sources (Biddle, 2009). In this case, the main primary sources of information for the survey were observing respondents’ behavior and filling in questionnaires that were distributed to them. In line with this, the use of online surveys acted as a secondary source of information for the research. Prevalence in research methods The reason why the aforementioned research methods were preferred was that they would enable one to obtain statistically viable and reliable data (Kumar, 2005). They are the most common methods of research especially when there is need for a detailed description of phenomenon or event (Kumar, 2005). For instance, through the quantitative method, it is evident that a large number of target populations were reached. Moreover, quantitative method was perceived to be very cost-effective for the research. It was also identified that, use of online surveys was best suitable to collect quantitative data since this would save time (Kumar, 2005). In line with this, there was a need to reinforce this method with qualitative methods since the former gives figurative data only (Biddle, 2009). In this case, the research was in one way inclined to analytical information through the observation of the target group. It is imperative to note that qualitative methods allow in-depth interaction between a researcher and focus group. It is definite that each research strategy has its pros and cons and therefore, there was need to incorporate both in the activity. In the meantime, this would reduce the chances of obtaining subjective and biased information from the research. Through the application of these methods, one is able to generate a deeper understanding of the behavior, perceptio