ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) TOGAF Architecture Skills Framework has benefits and relevance in reducing time, risks associated with training, hiring and managing IT system in professional manners. TOGAF makes communication system simple between employment agencies and organizations. It also reduces time wastages during interviews. TOGAF is also relevant in reducing time and costs of setting up an internal IT architecture. The process is complex and requires expertise. Organizations save costs in overall IT implementation. It eliminates chances of unsuitable persons getting the job (The Open Group 7). However, TOGAF increases costs of personnel due to constant needs for reassigning, and resignation of staff. In cases of poor staff assignment, TOGAF may have adverse effects on quality of operational IT challenges. How does it contrast and compare with the Zachman Framework TOGAF has four divisions of enterprise architecture. These include business architecture for fulfilling business goals. Application architecture shows specific design and interaction between various designs. Data architecture shows how organizations store and access their data, and technical architecture talks of a system hardware and software application (Brach 86). TOGAF most essential area is the Architecture Development Method (ADM). ADM has a robust means of creating architecture. This may include process in creating architectural design. We can see TOGAF as an architectural framework, process or methodology under as classified under ADM. When we take TOGAF as an architectural process, then it functions as a complement of Zachman. In this case, Zachman is an architectural taxonomy. The difference is that Zachman enables us to classify artifacts, whereas TOGAF gives us the opportunity of creating artifacts (O’Rourke, Fishman, and Warren 30). TOGAF looks at enterprise architecture (EA) in terms of “highly generic to highly specific” (The Open Group 16). In other words, TOGAF treats EA as a continuum of architecture. In this case, ADM of TOGAF offers the process of creating artifacts from generic to specific. TOGAF has Foundation Architectures as the most generic level for any IT application in organizations. Common Systems Architectures is another level of specificity, which we expect in most EA applications but not all. Industry Architectures are common and specific across same domain in the same industry. The Organizational of TOGAF is the most specific. These artifacts are specific to only given EA (Perks and Tony 56). How does this approach to architecting deal with systems integration in an SOS environment? We can look at SOS (Syste
Physicists and mathematicians define vectors as objects that have direction and magnitude. I sometimes think in terms of vectors to complete several daily tasks in life. The first outstanding example is one I am trying to learn a new skill and apply in life. For instance, the concept was applicable for the first time I was learning to learn how to ride a bicycle. I had to combine momentum or magnitude with direction to achieve meaningful results. Through practice and experimentation, I was able to become a competent rider. The second time I have applied my thoughts from the perspective of vectors is when pursuing a new dream. A good example is how I have been studying, researching, and completing class assignments to achieve my academic goals. Such a practice entails learning to think in two dimensions. For magnitude, I have to allocate adequate time, collaborate with my supervisors and classmates, and acquire the right resources to get the relevant content. For the direction, I have to do so with speed while focusing on the potential benefits I stand to gain from the learning process. While I have mastered the art of thinking in two or more dimensions, I encountered some problems that remain memorable. The first one is that I had to concentrate and work tirelessly to achieve the anticipated outcomes. Without such an initiative, I would not have achieved my goals. The second one is that distractions are always present when a person is trying to think from the perspective of vectors. Nonetheless, I will always embrace such ideas and thought processes to perform my daily tasks more efficiently and promptly.
Statement of Purpose The book is devoted to description of the main events of the history of the USA. The authors try to mention all meaningful events which happened at different periods of the development of the USA. The main theme of the whole book is appearance of the USA and all peculiarities of its structure. Many interesting facts about the history of a state and its formation are suggested. Moreover, historical documents and photos make the book more credible and understandable. Some information about the whole continent can also be found as it is an integral part of the history of the USA. One of the main purposes of the book is to promote increase of the level of knowledge about the USA, its peculiarities and history. The book aims at supplying a reader with all information he/she can need in the process of studying the history of the USA. Moreover, the authors want to show conditions under which the state was forming and unique character of the continent. The authors tend to prove the statement that modern image of the USA was formed under the influence of a great number of different factors, such as Spanish and English settlements, relations with native people of the continent and the War of Independence. All these factors influenced further development of the country. The authors also outline peculiarities of industrial and cultural development for readers to understand the history of development of the USA better. The book is written by two authors. Nancy Hewitt is a Professor of History and Women studies who works at University of Pennsylvania. She is known for her publications about the history of the USA. The second writer is Steven Lawson. He is also known in scientific world. He is a historian of the Civil Rights movement. Taking into account reputation of both these authors, it is possible to say that the work, which they created together, can be taken as a rather credible source. Analysis and Argument The book seizes a huge period of time. First chapters present description of native people and first settlers who came to America. The authors show readers all peculiarities of the world of the Age of Discovery and excitement connected with the new lands. First steps of the colonization of America are also described. The authors outline main conflicts with native population and between leading European states which tried to conquer the New World. Moreover, taking into account dominant religion in the USA nowadays, the authors also describe the way it became so significant in this state (Hewit and Lawson, 97). Being the key point in the development of the nation identity of the USA, the War of Independence are also described. The authors not just show the main events of this war, they, however, try to show its main reasons and the change in the mentality of people when they understood their thirst for freedom. Historical documents and photos which are provided in the book, help to understand the content and atmosphere better. Mo
Introduction Where there is a contract of employment there is a relationship between employer and employee. This relationship imposes certain rights and duties on each party. It is important to distinguish whether a relationship is that of employer/employee or employer and independent contractor for several reasons. There are obligations of common law, for instance, an employer’s vicarious liability for the torts of his employee. Main text The general rule under vicarious liability is that the employer should be held responsible for the acts of his employee committed in the due course of employment. In the given scenario by ABC apartment company, where a manager used a key to open one of the apartments in the complex during his off duty time and enter a tenant’s apartment and rape her is rather personal, but there is negligence on the part of the company (employer) and therefore the employer will be held responsible for the act committed by the manager even though he was off duty. This is proved by the fact that the manager who was off duty should not have been allowed to have access to the key during the time when he is off. The key is the property of the company and whenever an employee has completed his or her shift (working time) he or she must return the property of the company to safe custody of such property within the company’s premises. Cases In Limpus v. London General Omni bus Co. (1862) a bus driver whilst racing a bus caused an accident. His employers were held liable because he was doing what he was employed to do even though in an improper way. In the strict sense of the meaning, a person is an employee if his employer retains a right to control not only the work he does, but also how he does it. The test is the right of control, not how much control was infact exercised. However, exceptions to the rule of vicarious liability exist. The employer cannot be held responsible by an act of violence by the employee outside the scope of employment and the employer will not be liable. In Warren v. Henley (1948) 2 All E.R 935 a petrol pump attendant assaulted a customer during an argument over payment for petrol.It was held that the employer was not liable. On its part ABC Apartment company had failed to ensure that the conduct of the Manager even though on off-duty was not linked to the company. Getting access to the company’s key which he used to open the apartment attributes to negligence on the part of the company. It is possible that the manager’s conduct was no way related to the company but his presence and access to the apartment’s keys is a question to be determined on the company’s negligence. In Rose v. Plenty (a976) (1WLR141) D was a milkman. His employer did everything possible to stop the common practice of taking young children in the van and paying them to help deliver the milk. A notice at the depot said “Children must not in any circumstances be employed by you in the performance of your duties” Contrary to this instruction.D employed P. W
Innovation refers to a new method of handling processes. An innovative business seeks to create or develop new ideas with the aim of making a niche in the market. This implies that innovation plays a very important role in the development of businesses across the globe. In any case, contemporary economies demand dynamism that can only be attained trough innovative processes. This paper explores the roles of innovation in the growth and development of a business entity. Strategic planning and creation of wealth Innovation lays the platform for strategic planning and creation of wealth in a business entity (Kindström, & Kowalkowski, 2014). It is crucial to mention that strategic planning is central to the work of an organization. Without a strategic framework, it may not be possible to understand the position and direction being taken by an organization. Strategic planning is designed to prepare strategic options in order to successfully implement the strategy set by the decision maker. Different options are available to the decision-maker and the option selected is sent to different managers in order to be translated into business terms through operational planning. The manner in which organizations are managed in the contemporary works is rapidly changing. The increasing complexity of the environment requires decision makers to have proper anticipation. New technologies and management methods ought to be adapted. Through innovation, corporate governance spurred by the systemic and effective leadership can facilitate the growth if an organization. Thus, governance is no longer attached to the only goals of short-term profitability, but is fully consistent with the overall concept of sustainable development. An innovative business should embrace performance management and steering in order to implement a strategic planning process. Innovation assists in setting the strategic vision of a business and constantly adapts then overall strategic indicators to achieve the strategic objective. In the absence of innovation, strategic planning can be a rigid tool that seeks to foresee growth since it may leave the decision maker surprised by the unexpected occurrences. A strategic planning process that is too rigid may always lead to strategic break because it probably lacks an innovative idea. Undeniably, an innovative strategic planning has its virtues in the planning of business activities and designing growth agenda of an organization for a “desirable future”. The objectives set for the future cannot be easily attained if innovation is absent. An innovative process of strategic planning is an indispensable tool for the decision-maker in an organization. It concerns the determination of the overall objectives of the company and t
What is the future of dentistry industry? Over the years, the industry has seen a rise in the demand of fro dental services. It has been occasioned by population growth and the lifestyle of people that expose them to dental ailments. This could be due to the food they eat or their hygiene level. Also, there has been a remarkable improvement in the equipment and procedures, thanks to improved technology. The dental professionals will be familiarizing themselves with these procedures and equipment in order to better their services. Who can join the dentistry profession? Anybody can the profession as long as they passed their high school. There are various entry criteria into the profession. Graduates in any field will be required to complete a five year cause. Graduates who have done biomedical services can be exempted some module. What conditions do dentists work under? Most dentists go solo. Some start businesses on their own yet others form partnerships. These are responsible for creating their own working conditions. Those in public service work for to five days on average. Dentistry is a well paying career. Introduction Dentistry is a fascinating discipline, you only need to reflect on the role played by dentists in, for example, putting the smile back on the face a child who has had to deal with a case of cleft lip condition. The manner in which the dentists go about their work with a lot of attention to detail and in a meticulous way just shows how dentistry, like the rest of the other field in medicine, is deeply rooted in ethics of medicine, and which the practitioners have to abide by. With recent technological advancement, a visit to the dentist’s is not a nasty experience any more. The equipment developed in the recent years put the comfort of the client into consideration. Owing to the embracing of technology by the dentistry discipline, what then, therefore, does the future holds for dentistry? Joining dentistry You can join dentistry any time, even after your college studies. One does not also have to have studied dentistry related courses at the college. With any college degree and a good pass at the high school level, one can be guaranteed of a place in any college for dentistry (Department of Health 2004). According to NHS Careers, “Applicants with non-science ‘A’
A mindset is an assumption or a notion held by an individual or groups of people and when they become established, they form strong incentives that lead people to adopt prior behaviors and choices. Mindsets are part of what is psychologically known as cognitive bias and group think is one of the best examples of mindsets and biases (Facione, 2007). Mindsets and biases influence every event, thing or person that we come across and they shape people’s perceptions more than any other thing. Mindsets and biases make people to judge events and other people from a subjective point of view meaning that their judgments are often lopsided. Mindsets and biases lead to the development of stereotypes which are skewed conclusions made by people about events, things or persons based on scant information. Most of the perceptions that people have about most of the things in this world are shaped by mindsets and biases. Why do people form mindsets and biases. Most people usually want to understand the world from their own perspective and they make judgments from a perspective that goes hand in hand with their subjective understanding (Fisher, 1997). Mindsets and biases therefore hinder critical thinking because when one is using what they have set in their mind to judge a person, a situation or a thing, they do not utilize the elements of thought and intellectual standards. Mind sets and biases therefore do not utilize any thought process and are the major impediments to critical thinking. What are some of the examples and consequences of mindsets and biases in the American society? One of the most common mindset that is used to make biases against a section of the American society has a racist background. There is a mindset among the white Americans that Latinos are criminals by nature. This mindset tends to lump all the Latinos together without making an effort of enquiring about the nature of every individual. Most Latinos living in the United States of America entered the country illegally and Americans understand that illegal immigration is a big crime meaning that anyone who enters the country illegally is a criminal. Therefore, the natives of United States of America have developed a mindset that all Latinos are predisposed to commit crime and this mindset also affects those Latinos who entered into the country legally. This mindset and bias against the Latin American community in the u
Introduction The Ministry of Justice is one of the most important organs of the government in the United Arab Emirates. The ministry is headed by the minister of justice, Sultan Saeed Al Badi (Ulrichsen, 2017). The main responsibility of this ministry is to oversee operations of the court system in a way that would ensure that all residents of the UAE could have justice within the shortest period possible. The body appoints judges, prosecutors, translators, and other legal experts needed in order for the court system to function normally (Grose, 2016). Operations within the ministry have evolved over the years as it moves towards technology-based data management systems to help improve efficiency in its operations. The analysis of the firm’s operations identified the problem within the firm to be the poor thought process that lacks creativity and innovation. It was evident that the ministry has a rigid system where everyone is expected to follow a specific pattern of undertaking their responsibilities, leaving little room for them to embrace innovativeness. Most of the new decisions at this government department are often made by senior officers. Woolcock, Pritchett, & Andrews (2017) explain that creativity and innovativeness are not defined by one’s position in an organization. Sometimes the best idea may be given by some of the junior employees within the firm. As such, when the system fails to allow these junior officers to express their views freely, then creativity would become less common, as witnessed in this ministry. The current lack of creativity means that this organization would end up ignoring international best practices that can lower the cost of operations and improve efficiency. The purpose of this report is to define three ways that the ministry can use to solve the identified problem. The researcher seeks to find creative problem-solving processes that the department can use to address the concern. The context of this problem solving is to create a system that would promote creativity within this organization. The pertinent issue has been identified as a rigid system that makes it impossible for the department to embrace creativity in its operations. The main constraint the department may face when trying to address the problem is the strict culture. Grose (2016) explains that local culture defines the relationship between junior employees and top managers. As such, the targeted audience is the top ministry officials who have the power to create an environment where junior employees can try new practices in their operations without fear of being punished. Analysis of the Problem The process of selecting the problem was bas
Introduction Many proposals have been put forward in the United States to reform the corporate tax system into a better and adaptable system as the current system hinders the American companies’ competitiveness. These proposals are aimed at reducing the country corporate income tax rate, which is very high as compared to those of other countries. Some of these include Dave Camps (R_MI) proposal of reducing the corporate tax rate to 25 percent, Sen Rob (R-OH) proposal to overhaul corporate tax, president’s commission of lowering the corporate tax rate to 28 percent and Sen Ron and Dans proposal to lower the corporate tax rate to 24%. Attractive proposal for U.S. corporate taxpayers Dave Camps the chairperson of the House ways and means committee proposal of lowering the corporate tax rate from 39.2 % to 25 % is the most appropriate to the U.S. corporate taxpayers (Ernst & Young 2011). His proposal is aimed at exempting foreign income obtained from controlled corporations and minimizes shifting investment income abroad. His proposal would retain a few elements of the present international system like the anti-deferral rules with some modification of making them attractive to the US corporate taxpayers. This proposal is not only going to attract investors but also enables the US multinational companies to increase their competitiveness in the global economy (Anderson, K. E., Pope, T. R., & Kramer, J. L. 2013). Camp proposes that this will be achieved through, developing a new group of subpart F ‘’foreign base company excess intangible income’’ developing another group “low tax cross border income and finally group three for the foreign intangible tax income. All these will minimize the foreign income exempted. Impact to corporations and the US economy Repatriation of the foreign profits will have a great impact on both the US economy and the corporations; first, reduction of unemployment. There will be a favorable business environment encouraging investments. There are high chances of an increase in research and developments in the country mainly because many companies will operate in the United States and will hire skilled and unskilled personnel from the country. The repatriation process will also increase the total US income; since many companies will relocate, back home and their tax revenues will benefit the country. Also, it will encourage companies to repatriate most of the foreign income that could have been invested overseas, this results to increase revenue income in the short term. This income can be spent in the country development programs and hence boost the country development goals. Repatriation also increases the amount of share revenues earned by the shareholders; this income will be spent in the United States and thus will result in shareholders satisfaction and the country benefits from money circulation. Corporate taxes I would propose to be eliminated I would eliminate the corporate income tax and increase the capital gains tax rate. This will make the US tax system fairer, simple and rational. Eliminating the corporate income tax
Should investors be informed of raw materials price increases? The price of raw materials is of paramount importance in any production process. Investors who indulge in manufacturing ought to know the current and future prices of the raw materials they intend to use in their course of business. The cost of raw materials and its probable increase should be of great concern to them because the cost of raw materials is useful when making various decisions in business. For instance, when the investor is deciding the selling price of the end product, the cost of production of this product is considered apart from labor and other production costs. The investor calculates all the costs incurred in production and adds a small percentage of the profit when pricing the goods 1 .