ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many companies come a long way in order to reach a position that is deemed sustainable and competitive. Companies usually come up with strategies whose implementation helps them to increase their chances of surviving in the market. Some of the strategies implemented might work in favor of the company while others might not be successful. This paper provides a review on Unilever and Proctor and Gamble (P&G) indicating what they have done that works and what they have done that doesn’t work. The research also notes the top competitors of Unilever and P&G and determines the impact of business relationships on long term growth. Unilever is among the world’s leading fast moving consumer goods companies. The company offers products including foods, home products and personal care products. Unilever is a global company with presence in over 170 countries hence prides in the recognition as a global company. Globally recognized companies like Unilever have privileges like economies of scale and access to global resources. Moreover, Unilever has created a strong relationship with merchant by offering reasonable margins and incentives. This has worked for the company because it has been able to reach the consumers on the ground. Unilever has also done mass scale production which has enabled the company to overcome the bargaining power of suppliers leading to reduces production (Unilever, 2012). Unilever has also invested a lot of money on research and development of new products and brands enabling the creation of high entry barriers to the worldwide consumer market. Furthermore, Unilever has created a highly skilled human resource from around the world which has enabled it to understand and manage the individual requirements of the customers. However, due to the formation of many products and brands, Unilever faces the problem of inefficient brand management. This has resulted in the realization of fewer returns than expected. Proctor and Gamble Company is a top manuf
Personal Profile and Current Position Learning to manage self and others at workplace has been one of the most importance processes for me following my appointment into a junior managerial position at Emirates Airline. The ascent into the position of junior management has been long and characterized by a number of challenges. I was hired as an Executive Secretary to VIP Commercial Ops in December 2007, a position that did not involve any managerial task. I was promoted to the position of Senior Flight Crew Licensing Assistant the following year. This was a supervisory position and I was assigned a group of ten flight crew members who worked under my directions. It was at this point that I started learning- through experience- the concept of people management. I realized that I was not only expected to manage their work-related activities but also personal issues which have direct impact on their output at work. In August 2010, I was promoted to the position of Flight Crew Licensing Coordinator, a position that came with many roles. I had to coordinate various activities within the firm and ensure that international regulations are maintained in all the operations of this firm. I had to work closely with external authorities such as the General Civil Aviation Authority, International Civil Aviation Organization, among others to create awareness within the firm about the changing national and international laws and policies within the aviation sector. Currently, I am the Regulatory Specialists at Emirates Airline, a position I ascended into on March 2013. In this junior managerial position, I play a critical role in coordinating the activities at this firm to ensure that they adhere to the set regional and international policies. My role as a regulatory specialist requires me to coordinate closely with various internal and external stakeholders. I have to work with my junior officers and ensure that each one of them understand the regulatory expectations they have to meet in their respective duties. As a manager, I have come to learn that leading people does not primarily involve issuing orders and expecting exemplary outcome. People, unlike machines, have feelings, and the relationships they have with others around them define their output at workplace. I also learnt that to manage others successfully, one must start with managing self. This involves the dress code, the approach one takes in addressing problems, the mannerisms, and the relationship with others. Managing self successfully earns one respect among the
Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The Tell-Tale Heart” depicts the narrator’s attempts at justifying his cruel intent of killing an elderly man with whom he shares an apartment because the elderly man keeps looking at the narrator with supposed “evil eyes”. When he eventually accomplishes his mission, the extreme guilt that arises from his cruel act makes him involuntarily confess to his hideous crime that he had killed the old man and hidden his dismembered corpse under a wooden floor. In Nathaniel Hawthorn’s “The Birth Mark”, Aylmer, a researcher, scientist and analyst refuses to accept his wife’s beautiful appearance because of his discomfort with a birthmark she spots on her left cheek. His selfish desire to remove the birthmark from her, so that her beauty may be ‘complete’ and wholesome without the blemish of the birthmark on her cheek, makes Georgina acquiesce to a procedure to have the birthmark removed. Tragically, after the procedure, though the birthmark disappears, Georgina dies. In the film “The Black Swan” directed by Darren Aronofsky, Nina struggles to fit into the ultimate role of the play “The Swan Lake”, as the Black Swan, even though she is comfortable playing the role of the White Swan. However, because she has to fit into both roles naturally, her attempts on perfecting the role of the black Swan lead her on a surreal journey of self-discovery, fights with her mother, drug abuse and her ultimate perfection of the two roles. Thesis: The characters in the two short stories and film portray a sense of Gothic Romanticism through their various quests for idealism, perfection and personal and social freedom; their justification for seeking the various states of idealism; their intense emotional reactions and activities; and their detachment from reality through hallucinations and the surreal nature of their existence. In both the short stories and film, the characters are in pursuit of an ideal state of freedom signified by attempting perfection. In Edgar Allan Poe’s “Tell-Tale Heart”, the narrator’s morbid craving for the freedom from the supposed wicked glare from the elderly man informs his desire to kill the elderly man. In the narrator’s view, the elderly man is a sort of hindrance to his own peaceful and stress-free existence, and the narrator believes that by eliminating the elderly man, his life will be peaceful. In the narrator’s wicked and mentally unstable mind, a state of peace and serenity can only be achieved from the death of his ‘tormentor’, the old man, whose eyes the
Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca is a famous Spanish explorer who managed to form two or even three identities to survive in different settings. Cabeza de Vaca’s experiences are often regarded as “the cross-cultural transformations” (Railton 25). The explorer had to face various challenges in the new world as he and his compatriots had to make their way through swamps, deserted villages, woods where they were prone to numerous attacks. Living among indigenous people and being their slave and later diplomat and healer, de Vaca gave up some of his European traits and adopted some indigenous ways. However, he had to undergo the reverse process when he was back in his homeland. The ability to transform and develop multiple identities enabled the explorer to survive and even occupy a privileged position in the new and old worlds. As has been mentioned above, Cabeza de Vaca was left with no food and barely dressed after a shipwreck. They found themselves in a “pitiful” country (De Vaca 5). He and several Spaniards were an easy target for numerous tribes that dwelt in the territories of present-day Texas and Mexico (Adorno 276). The Spanish explorer found himself among indigenous people who ‘enslaved’ them. He chose the way of transformation as his survival strategy. He partially assimilated and started sharing some of the ways typical of the indigenous people who inhabited those lands (Lima 92). He found that some European values, traditions, and stereotypes were groundless, useless, and even dangerous in the new world (Elahi 9). He became partially indigenous, which helped him survive and occupy quite a privileged position. When Cabeza de Vaca returned to Spain, he had to become a European again. However, he never gave up on some of the indigenous traits he acquired. He acquired a broader perspective on the world, which helped him in European society. Of course, the story of the explorer impressed everyone, including the Spanish king, as Cabeza de Vaca managed to earn the trust of the indigenous people and even spread his religious beliefs in the new world (Brickhouse 222). The Spanish king needed people who could build the bridge between European civilization and the new world, which was crucial for exploration and new conquests. Of course, it is not stated explicitly in the book, but the explorer felt he was superior to both indigenous and Spanish people (Brickhouse 222). He saw the inner barriers Europeans and indigenous people had while he managed to get rid of these barriers, at least partially. On balance, it is necessary to note that Cabeza de Vaca was one of the most remarkable figures of the epoch of exploration. He managed to develop multiple cultural identities, which helped him survive and earn high positions in both the new and old worlds. The explorer gave up some of his European ways, which made him closer to the indigenous population. His cross-cultural development was also important for his life in Spain, where he stressed the value of his experience and ability to interact with indigenous people. The experiences of Cabeza de Vaca can also illustrate the im
Hoerster, et al. (2011) explore the individual, policy, and environmental factors that influence the utilization of healthcare among farmworkers in the United States. They used secondary data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey and the Uniform Data System. The researchers used logistic regression with weighted hierarchical linear modelling to determine the impact of the various variables on the dependent factor. The study illustrates the effectiveness of logistic linear regression in exploring the relationships between variables and developing explanatory models. The main goal of Hoerster, et al.’s study was to determine the various factors that influence healthcare access among the farm workers. They identified three main factors including individual, policy, and environmental factors as the main determinants of healthcare access among the target population. The individual level factors included gender, immigration and health status, proficiency in English language, access to transportation, and access to care outside the United States. The environmental factor included the proximity to the Mexico-US border, while the policy level factors included access to insurance and payment structure of the workplace. These factors had binary outcomes, which could only be analyzed using logistic regression modelling. The research finds that limited access was the most significant hindrance to farmworkers healthcare. Hoerster, et al (2011) recommend the improvement of access at each of the three key factors. In addition, the researchers recommend the establishment of a federally Qualified Health Center close to the farms to enhance access. The researchers hope these recommendations will enhance both the access and quality of healthcare accessible to the vulnerable farm workers. The study could have used alternative methods of analysis to answer the research question. Firstly, the researchers could utilize analysis of variance to identify the factors that exhibit significant associations. Analysis of variance is equivalent to linear regression if models test similar hypotheses and have same encoding (Jackson, 2016). Alternatively, the researchers would have used the nearest neighbor analysis to determine th
Introduction Nursing profession is a service oriented profession and involves taking care people all through the life. This is a profession that provides an essential service to humankind. The career possibilities for nurses are endless and it is a profession that offers exciting challenges and boundless career opportunities. Practicing as a Nurse can be both psychologically tough at the same time it can be also rewarding. The setting in which nurses work include hospitals, clinics, schools, wellness centers, long-term care facilities, home settings, and temporary help agencies. Additionally, nurses also concentrate in specific fields such as: Neonatal, Labor and Delivery, Intensive Care, Operating Room, Cardiac Care, Geriatric, Pediatric, Oncology, Rehabilitation, Occupational Health, Pulmonary, Diabetes, and others. Each of these specializations need the development of specific skills required for care by nurses. Main body In 1859, Florence Nightingale the founder of modern nursing expressed her meaning of nursing as “the goal of nursing is to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him primarily by altering the environment”. This is the same thought that motivates most of the nurses and I have also got similar thoughts. Though it is the physicians that take care of a patient’s physical well being, nurses play important roles of consolers, comforters and counselors. Patients are more comfortable to share their true feelings with a nurse than their physicians. Nurses are the only ones who provide care to patients 24/7, and this is the reason why nurses are perhaps the best friend of a patient. No matter what patients are going through, they’re always there to thank the nurses who take care of them. The art of nursing is seen in the care that nurses provide for patients. Nurses collectively join physicians in practicing the art of healing. Everyday nurses apply their skill, knowledge and care during their practice. Because of this, the sick people get better, and terminally ill are able to receive comfort through medicine, emotional and spiritual support from the nurses. Most of the patients get the best possible treatment and care even at the end of life journey. The Science of Nursing involves Evidence – Based Nursing and Nursing Informatics. Evidence Based Nursing (EBN) is the method using which nurses make clinical decisions. When using EBN nurses uses the best sources of research evidence, their clinical expertise and patient preferences to solve the challenges that they face. The clinical problems
Gilded Age is a period between 1870 and 1890. This is a very complicated period in the life of American citizens as during these years corruption flourished, social life in the country was supported with constant scandals and the gap between poor and rich was extremely big. This period is characterized by enormous wealth, however, the philanthropy was also on a high level. Democrats and Republicans were two major parties which fought for power, and having received it they tried to make sure that the more people are put on the leading positions in the local and national government. Reading different sources of information, it is possible to create a personal opinion about the Gilded Age and the political issues which were spread there. There are different points of view about political system which was during the Gilded Age. Cash ruled human decisions, and therefore, the politics was based on those people who had more money (Flehinger 159). Such state of affairs is inappropriate. It is impossible to run the country without the desire to make it better. Those who got power by means of money were sure to have the goal to get more money from people to return what they spent and to earn more. In this case politics for people becomes simple source of money, not the desire to improve human life and to change something for better. Buder said that “the Gilded Age was, of course, the time when the United States experienced profound demographic and economic growth” (Buder 873). It is impossible to contradict this opinion, however, it is also impossible to agree that all people experiences economic growth. The political contradiction and the division of power negatively affected simple people. The lower layers of population were not really satisfied with what was going on. I am sure that the economical growth of the country was a successful issue, however, the benefit from such growth was available just for rich and wealthy
Formation of the Country June 1, 1900 – The country’s first census of the 20th century was conducted in the United States. However, the most peculiar feature of this census was the inclusion of all fifty entities that subsequently became fifty states. This event may be regarded as highly essential for U.S. history as the country has shaped its modern administrative division. World War I April 6, 1917 – Despite its original decision to remain neutral, the United States joined the Allies after declaring war on Germany. World War I that had undoubtedly affected all civilized world finished on November 11, 1918, when the German nation and the Allies signed an armistice agreement. Indian Citizenship Act June 2, 1924 – According to the Indian Citizenship Act, all Native Americans born within the country’s territory were designated citizens. This legislation plays a highly significant role in the history of the United Sates as it contributes to the establishment of freedom and equality for all Americans. Election of Franklin D. Roosevelt November 8, 1932 – During the presidential election, Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated President Hoover and subsequently held the presidency for unprecedented four terms. The era of Roosevelt is significant for the United States as it marked the systematic end of the Great Depression and forthcoming World War II. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 – Japanese army attacked Pearl Harbor and destroyed the U.S. Pacific Fleet docked at the base. As a result, the greatest amount of naval soldiers in the history of the United States perished. This bloody incident led to the entry of the country into World War II with the declaration of war to Japan, Germany, and Italy. Korean War June 25, 1950 – The Korean War begins with the invasion of North Korean troops equipped with Soviet weaponry in the territory of South Korea. This conflict led to the involvement of the United States and the beginning of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The Civil Rights March for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963 – The Civil Rights march for Jobs and Freedom with more than 200,000 participants was organized on Washington, D.C. It culminated with a passionate speech of Dr. Martin Luther King from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. The significance of this event is determined by the subsequent development of peace and equality movements that substantially affected U.S. history. SALT May 22, 1972 – The first trip of the U.S. President Richard M. Nixon to Moscow resulted in a strategic arms pact SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks). This event led to the improvement of relationships between the United States and the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War in the future. First IBM-PC
Pandemics such as HIV/AIDS and Avian Flue become one of the main threats to modern society. A pandemic can be characterized as a unique crisis that should be carefully planned and managed. Simple but dynamic environments are more difficult to gauge and to model than complex but static ones. Yet, most intractable are those fields that are both complex and dynamic; they are rightly termed discontinuous or turbulent environments. The usual risks management strategies may fail to keep pace because of the turbulence. The predicament of tomorrow’s risk managers is further compounded that it is at best tainted with uncertainty and at worst enacted by, or is a figment of, perceptions and imagination. Pandemics can be and should be planned and managed in order to reduce the negative impact on the event. the main approach applied to pandemics is risk reduction. It is impossible to introduce risk avoidance and risk transfer methods because of the unique nature of this threat. The overtime and objective–setting processes can work well together in the case of relatively mild environmental threats, operationalized by small steps in time (Posner, 2004). Risk management for pandemics can follow the same steps as traditional risk management: problem identification, planning, mapping out, framework identification, analysis, and mitigation. It is possible to say that pandemics can
Comparison of Functions between 4PLs and 3PLs Third party logistics (3PLs) and fourth party logistics (4PLs) have a number of differences in the functions and value they bring to the supply chain. When analyzed in terms of functionality, a 3PLs basically entails the outsourcing of logistical services (among other services) by a company. Most of the time, a 3PLs system manages all logistical functions in the organization, ranging from purchasing, billing, online sales bidding and the likes (but such functions are determinant of the needs of a client, the financial provision and the infrastructural ability of the company) (Boaz, 2009). A 4PLs on the other hand, is able to manage more than one company or company branches in any given environment. In other words, it is not only able to carry out logistical functions in one company, but a range of functions from subsidiary companies. For instance, if a company has three plus 3PLs and an additional transport company, the company is better placed using the 4PLs because it can combine the functions of both companies (Gail, 2009, p. 20). Majorly, 3PLs have been used by most organizations to reduce inventory costs and improve customer service by making the organization more flexible and responsive to customer needs but a few organizations have been noted to use the 3PLs to achieve strategic and competitive advantages by capitalizing on the above benefits (Boaz, 2009). The 4PLs however goes beyond reducing the costs of logistics because it manages several 3PLs at the same time. Also, 4PLs are known to have better management of resources and in the same manner, a better control of information technology in general. Reasons why more Companies Rely on 4PLs More companies are relying on 4PLs because 3PLs have been observed to have a number of shortcomings. Many companies are therefore opting for 4PLs to avoid the shortcomings 3PLs poses. Boaz (2009, p. 3) notes that “3PL’s success factor no. 4, labeled “scope creep phenomenon,” has paved the way for the 4PL….the expectations companies have of the provider are now more in-line with the capabilities of the 4PL”. However, it is important to note that the success of the 4PLs is based on the performance of the 3PLs but many companies have ignored this assumption, and concentrate on the fact that the 4PLs is more effective than the 3PLs (Gail, 2009, p. 20). It is also important to note that many companies are currently expanding, and many more are realizing an increased need to integrate most of their expanded operations. In this case, the 4PLs comes in handy because it is able to integrate the functions of a number of companies all at once. These are some of the reasons why the 4PLs is increasingly being adopted. Importance of Establishing the Metrics in 4PLs It is important to establish a metrics system in quantifying the benefits 4PLs brings to the supply chain system of an organization because