ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction James developed generalized anxiety disorder after becoming an internal medicine resident. The cause of his anxiety began with mistakes they committed at work with his colleagues. He started avoiding those mistakes by missing work and giving excuses not to do some work due to fear of making mistakes. James ended up resigning and joining another area of work. He thought he could solve his anxiety problem by choosing a different job with reduced commitments, but his anxiety did not stop. He ended up joining a biotechnology firm as a researcher. Unfortunately, he never performed well in this firm as well. James’s anxiety problem has affected his relationship with his family and girlfriend. He cannot control his worries. He becomes easily distracted, easily irritated by minor issues, and tense when faced with situations that worry him. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder is one of the anxiety disorders caused by abnormalities in the functioning of brain chemicals such as neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters associated with this disorder are norepinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and serotonin. According to the Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), abnormal regulation or chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain leads to anxiety disorders (2008). Neurotransmitters have two types of functions. They are either inhibitory or excitatory. Norepinephrine is excitatory, while serotonin and GABA are inhibitory neurotransmitters. Research scientists have revealed that increased activity in the locus ceruleus is linked to anxiety. The locus ceruleus is always concentrated with norepinephrine. This means that too much norepinephrine in the brain cells leads to stress. Research also indicates that reduced activity in the same area is linked to reduced anxiety (CAMH, 2008). Unavailability of serotonin has also been associated with anxiety. Since serotonin performs inhibitory functions, the imbalance is caused by either excess norepinephrine or lack of serotonin. According to Little, reuptake of neurotransmitters before performing their operations leads to inadequacy hence abnormality (2006). This is the case with serotonin. Reuptake of this neurotransmitter before it performs its functions leads to anxiety. The interaction between these three neurotransmitters results in the brain’s normal functioning, hence no pressure. An imbalance leads to stress. Serotonin and GABA high levels are linked to reduced anxiety (Durand & Barlow, 2005). Research has revealed that people with Generalized Anxiety Disorder have increased EEG beta. This, according to scientists, suggests that these people have powerful cognitive processing in their frontal lobes and especially in the left hemisphere. Suggestions also indicate that GAD patients use the left hemisphere for intense thinking without involving the right hemisphere, contributing to images accompanying their thoughts (Durand & Barlow, 2005). Generalized Anxiety disorder, as indicated earlie
Introduction “All quiet on the Western Front” is a novel that was written by Erich Maria Remarque. Remarque was a German war novelist born in 1898 in Osnabruck, Germany. This novel was published in 1929. It depicts Remarque’s experience in the World War 1. The main aim of the novel was to explain and bring out the generation that was negatively affected by the war. Paul Baumer is the narrator of the story. He narrates his part in the war in episode form as the war advanced and taking new ways and directions day after day. Baumer was a 20-year-old German soldier who took part in the war and ended up seeing how the war was disastrous to the youth. He had just completed high school and had joined the military in Germany. Baumer and other young men end up been hopeless about the future. The aim of this essay is to analyze what led German youths to war and how they ended up been affected by the same war. In addition, I will examine at the lessons that were learned from the war. [1] Discussion There are many reasons that led the youth in Germany into joining the war. One of the reasons that made the youth take part in the war was betrayal by their parents, teachers and the government. The parents as it is put are always accusing young people who do not participate in some things such as war. They even call them cowards and so they find it very painful. The parents’ knew very well that the war would be a misfortune but did not care at all. They pressurized the youth to take part in the war and this was very wrong, as the role of parents is always to guide and help young people. In an example Paul goes home, a sergeant- major condemns Paul for not saluting him, and yet he has spent his time in wars killing enemies and trying to survive. The young generation was helpless and it did not receive any positive concern from the older generation. The young generation did not share any traditional values with the older generation and the joy of the older generation was seeing the young people take part in the war. It became the work of the young people to fight for their country and to protect the older generation. Therefore, it is very clear that betrayal by parents made the young people to engage themselves in the war so that they could prove that they are not cowards. [2] Teachers also pressurized the young people to engage in the war. The schoolmaster is the one who urged Paul and his classmates Muller, Kropp and Leer to join the military. At the first encounter, many young men were killed and Paul puts the blame on the Head teacher who made them join the military. When Paul is already in the military, the head teacher argues that he knows more about the military and is operations than Paul who is already a member does. This and other arguments are only intended to provoke the youth to engage in the war. It makes no sense to say that you know more about a profession you have never been in than a person who is already in that profession, so the teachers were only pressurizing the youth to join up in the war. The teachers were also telling the young men that they should put all that they have been taught and trained into practice. This was only aimed a
The Volga Region, which is also known as the Povolzhye, is an important region forming the Russian Core area, and located on the western part of Russia. The outstanding physical feature gracing this region is the Volga River which stretches from Vidal Hills in the northwest to drain into the Caspian Sea in the south. For many years before the 1950s, this region lagged in terms of industrial development, as regions like Ukraine and Moscow eclipsed it (Muller and Nijman 94). As from mid 20th century, the people living in this region decided to modify this sub-region by building canals, e.g., the Volga-Don Canal, which linked the river to the Black Sea. The canal formed an important waterway post-WWII. This region started developing during the WWII era when people from this region chose to retreat from German armies in the west to central Russia. In effect, this region developed in, industrially, dams and reservoirs were built along the river to help generate electricity and irrigate the land. Gas was exploited, and cities, e.g., Kazan thrived. However, with these developments, came, with its environmental pollution, which significantly affected aquatic species. Of note, the waterway helped the people le in the region to colonies the eastern part (Muller and Nijman 94). The people living in this realm then modified this region by constructing canals, dams, and reservoirs. The importance of creating canals was that it served to link the inland waterways. For instance, Volga-Don the Canal forms an important link to the Black Sea. This offers a cheap means of transporting foodstuffs and raw materials from one region to the other. These people chose this course since the Volga River cuts across a vast area of the region, serving as a cheaper means of transport relative to other means (road and rail). The other canals in northwest Russia (Moscow and Mariinsky) are vital in linking Russia to Western Europe. On the other hand, dams and reservoirs are essential energy sources important in driving industrial development. These people took advantage of the availability of Volga River, also dubbed the ‘Russian Mississippi,’ to explore hydroelectric power. This is a reliable, cheap and eco-friendly energy source. Solar energy could not be exploited because it is unreliable. The development of dams and reservoirs on the river course has largely affected aquatic life. These have resulted in the blockage of “such anadromous species as beluga sturgeon and white fish which live in the Caspian Sea but spawn in the Volga River and other inland waterways” (Korotenko 323). Moreover, the populations of fishes (roughly 70 species) living in this river have largely been altered. Effluents emanating from the local industries, municipal and agriculture have functioned to aggravate the situation. Lastly, the water level in the Caspian Sea has significantly reduced owing to evaporation, irrigation, and diversions, further affecting aquatic life. The canals, dams, and reservoirs met their intended functions. Today, Volga River accounts for 50% of the entire river shipment in Russia, and the dams, e.g., Uglich are important sources hydro
TaskRabbit is a company that offers online solutions for individuals seeking to recruit other persons to carry out their duties and errands. Apparently, the idea seems simple but with the flexibility of the Internet, it is highly effective. For those that have dirty lawns or room, but feeling tired or committed elsewhere and not seeking a continuous employer-employee commitment, TaskRabbit is the viable option. The unique online services are immensely vital for people planning to relocate to a new estate or home, or just a long trip, but are unwilling to beg nearby store managers for their subject’s services to help with the readying of luggage. Task Rabbit offers the solutions of temporary services. All one needs to do is sign up with TaskRabbit, and start to enjoy the efficient services of dedicated people in search of odd jobs. TaskRabbit cuts the niche of an online hub that provides exceptionally common services, and it is probable, many iOS subscribers have yet to notice the immense opportunities and legal challenges that the medium offers. Cutting-edge technology According to Edgar (2010), TaskRabbit supports the exploration of its services by users through applications such as Facebook Connect, which offers users effective navigation options without necessarily filling the sign up form online. The online tool leans more on setting up employment opportunities that seeking a service, a development that is normally facilitated by cutting-edge technology. Owing to the TaskRabbit application that is apparently intended to establish tasks more than employment opportunities especially of the company workforce, legal regulations guiding employment agencies could catch up with it, internally as a result of employee court cases or externally following civil cases filed by regulatory bodies that oversee employment issues. Meanwhile, if one has a task that needs accomplishing, he or she picks a group from the default options provided on the site, such as washing, shopping or transporting food, after which the ‘employer’ keys in his or her details. According to Figueroa (2010), task details an inputted by the service beneficiary may include exact location for easy delivery of goods and services; a timeframe within which the task should be carried out and the service fee that the buyer of a service is comfortable to pay. For users who are not comfortable with the entry of their true identity, and commodity specification, perhaps due to time constraints, an audio file or pictures that illustrate the nature of the job are welcome. Nonetheless, this could open floodgates to fictitious persons into the business. Meanwhile, one can either configure the application to routinely choose a TaskRabbit or just employ manual assignment of the task after reviewing the options available. TaskRabbit delivery agents undergo rigorous vetting process, an initiative executed by the company to assure job submitters of security and convenience. The company executives must have learnt the weaknesses of the online medium which carries genuine users and cr
Statement of the problem Picture this; you are required to attend meetings, seminars, and conferences at different locations in a university. You are late for the first seminar and must attend the lecture. Besides, when you realized that you forgot your reading glasses, you may rely on the attendees to produce notes. You solicit the help of an attendee to read your notes and lecture guide. However, the impaired student will require assistance with the written paper. Let us change the scenario to a more complex situation. You are a blind student who has to attend classes in different classrooms. How can an impaired student move independently across different buildings on campus and have access to different facilities without a personal assistant? The faculty and students on campus will certainly provide help. However, just as you cannot always have an attendee read your notes in a meeting, a blind student cannot consistently rely on other students or an assistant to read notes and move on campus. As a visually impaired student in my last year at the university, there have been several challenges that any student with a similar case might face. However, the obstacles should not hinder the progress of students with special needs. With technology, we could build a smart government, institution, and university. Discussing the problem Being on a large campus with more than ten buildings, it is quite demanding for a blind student to walk to classes that may be in different schools without an assistant or a white cane. Even if walking to different buildings is not necessary, the student will definitely have to move across the same building to different classes, which may be on different floors. It is easy to ask the staff or a friend for directions to the classroom, but it will be even better to encourage students to become independent. However, it comes with great courage and self-will. The most important factor in this scenario is self. The motivating factor surpasses heights and obstacles. Individual self-will will improve the situation by adapting to any environment. Solutions to the problem Just as other students have access to the different facilities that are available in each building, these provisions should be accessible for students with vision impairment. These include and are not limited to washrooms, vending machines, elevators, and other resources. A tool that improves individual self-will may improve the quality of life. These facilities must be accessible without prejudice or favor. Visually impaired students will adapt better if these facilities are provided.
Introduction When making a legal determination of a case, a judge has to consider several factors about the defendant before making a ruling. These factors include issues like the defendant’s past criminal behavior, the possibility of change, legal requirement, and the defendant’s life (Steele 121). In some situations, the defendant’s life may predispose him or her to criminal activities. The following discussion analyzes Mary Lee case to determine if she deserves probation or imprisonment and ways a probation officer can help such an individual to change. In addition, the discussion will analyze the moral obligation of the courts or society in ensuring that Mary Lee changes her criminal conducts and she is successful in life. Probation or Imprisonment It is easy for the prosecution, in this case, to request the judge to sentence the defendant due to her criminal behavior. She has failed to change despite the fact that she has been on probation to ensure that she is supported to improve her conducts. The prosecution can argue that there is no possibility for her to change since she has proven that she is a threat to peace in the society (Mendicino 82). However, it is crucial to analyze why she has continued to behave in a criminal manner. The need to offer quality life for her children, pay rent, and live a decent life has forced her to engage in crime (Samaha 109). She got married at a tender age and she did not complete high school, which makes it difficult for her to get a rewarding job. In addition, the fact that she is divorced hence the only breadwinner for her family has forced her to engage in criminal activities. It is my opinion that the defendant should be put on probation since she has shown positive changes, which include the fact that she is making restitution, developing a regular church relationship, and she is providing a satisfactory home environment for her two children. In addition, if the court sentences her, the children will be taken to foster care, which may cause emotional distress for her and the kids. The court should consider her willingness to change when making its final decision. Duties of a Probation Officer As a probation officer, I will provide counseling to Merry Lee by telling her about my past life. I was also bankrupt after a divorce, but I changed my life through guidance and further studies. I will also inform her about the risk she faces if she continues to engage in criminal activities (Masters 109). I can also help her enroll in school to complete her high school studies. This will ensur
Research is an activity that generates unique knowledge and clears the path towards efficient implementation of innovations (Darling-Hammond, 2016). Although research design and methodology are integrated into the curriculum content, students as novice researchers frequently experience difficulties in pursuing research studies or interpreting their results. Therefore, it is essential to study research in education so that future leaders will be able to develop educational theory and devise workable solutions to educational issues. While drawing conclusions from research findings, an investigator applies inductive or deductive reasoning. Through inductive reasoning, a large amount of information is reduced to a smaller set of underlying themes (Hélie, & Sun, 2014; Heit, 2015). For instance, the following statement can serve an example of inductive reasoning: “Given negative impacts of adverse economic conditions on society, worsened living standards and reduced incomes are the main causes of high rates of dropout and disengagement from high school.” This approach is specific to qualitative research methods. Deductive reasoning is frequently used in quantitative research studies. It involves “the application of general rules to particular cases” (Hélie, & Sun, 2014, p. 46); conclusions are drawn on the basis of the generated hypotheses (Heit, 2015). An example of deductive reasoning is the following statement: “As a result of implementing differentiated instruction in second language teaching, there will be significant improvements in students’ speaking skills.” Leadership implies skills in leading people or organizations to successful accomplishments of mutual goals (Alonderiene & Majauskaite, 2016; Darling-Hammond, 2016). Growing cultural diversity of the United States and various socioeconomic issues require leaders in education to be responsive and flexible while teaching students (Stein, Dawson, Van Rossum, Rothaizer, & Hill, 2014). In her publication, “Critical Change for the Greater Good: Multicultural Perceptions in Educational Leadership Toward Social Justice and Equity,” Lorri J. Santamaría (2014) explores leadership characteristics essential for ensuring social justice and equity in multicultural educational settings. The article title clearly refers to the problem stated, content, research purpose, and significance of the study. The objective of the qualitative research conducted by Santamaría (2014) is to explore opportunities to realize multiculturalism-grounded leadership by practicing educational leaders of color “in their particular K-HE contexts” (p. 349). Regarding the research methodology, Santamaría (2014) substantiates the use of crit
Introduction The United States’ federal government has developed various policies to help improve the quality of education in the country. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was one of the most important policies that focused on aligning skills gained in school with job market requirements (Shober, 2016). In 2001, the No Child Left Behind Act was signed into law to help in ensuring that quality education was accessible to all Americans irrespective of their financial capacities (Roberts, 2015). It was then replaced by the Every Student Succeeds Act because of the changing forces in the education sector. The decision by the federal government to allow states to develop K-12 student assessment evaluation and reform to replace the above policies is a sign that the government appreciates the dynamism in this sector. In this paper, the researcher will conduct a SWOT analysis for Common Core State Standards (CCSS) as one of the possible replacements that states can embrace. SWOT Analysis Strengths According to Ledgerton (2013), one of the greatest strengths of CCSS is that it is evidence-based policy. It was developed after careful research by a team of experts in the field of education. It seeks to align the skills and competencies of K-12 graduates with college expectations. The new assessment approach ensures that skills gained in high school remain relevant to the needs of the job market. The fact that it is supported by the federal government is a sign that it will be successful. Weaknesses It is important to look at some of the fundamental weaknesses of this new assessment policy. As Zimba (2014) suggests, it did not receive the support of the parents who felt left out when developing the program. The numerous tests associated with it have also made it less popular among teachers and students. The program also fails to consider the weaknesses of students learning English as a second language. Opportunities The new assessment approach has numerous opportunities that can enable it to be a success in transforming the education sector. The use of technology to enhance learning, the political support at the federal and state levels and the competitive nature of the tests may make it easy for it to be implemented. The regulatory approach at