ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A president is a leader of a country, who takes responsibility for the lives of millions of people and promotes the well-being of a particular country. To be a good president is probably one of the most difficult and challenging tasks for all candidates because it is impossible to be good for everyone. There are a number of aspects that define the quality of the work done by the president. Still, before making the president responsible for all positive and negative outcomes in the country, people should realize that they are also the participants of everything that happens around. They have already taken a crucial step and chosen the president. In the USA, the election of the President is a crucial event that makes all Americans think about their future and their potential leader (Belenky 9). The actions, thoughts, and decisions of the American President say a lot about the country. A number of people think they can become good presidents; mothers want to believe that their son or daughter can become the best president even if it is not likely to happen (Witcover 13). That is why this kind of choice has to be properly organized and understood by a single American. The current paper aims at discussing the peculiarities of the American presidential primary election process and its importance for the American citizens and the whole world, analyzing the coming elections, comparing the past and the present of the USA in terms of the primary elections, and explaining why every American has to participate in presidential primary elections. Presidential Primary Elections in the USA: Essence The presidency is the most significant position in the American government. It is very important for the citizens to comprehend the essence of the president’s election and organize it in a proper way. There are several stages in any election process. Still, the primary elections can be defined as the most crucial because the selection of the candidates takes place during this stage. At this moment, the candidates should understand their skills and abilities and evaluate their readiness to become a single leader of the country. It is not only enough to know what a good president should do. It is more important to realize how influential and unforgettable each President’s decision can be. The primary elections, also called the primaries, have a long history. They originated from the Progressive Era that took place from the end of the 1800s to the beginning of the 1900s (Leeser 70). That period was characterized by a number of significant social and political changes and reforms. It was necessary to improve the country and the way of how people had to live. Primaries turned out to be an attempt to change the way the president e
Thesis and Introduction The nineteenth century is remembered for its riches in literature and art. Stimulated by the activity in development and implementation of ideology, literature has seen a tremendous growth in both quality and number of stories poems and narratives. The thematic trend was complied with the sociopolitical environment and after war mood. The increased number of civil rights activists and critics led to a wide spread bias against certain themes such as conflict and culture. To interrogate this thematic similarity and bias I shall interrogate two stories from two different authors (Barnet and Cain p 345-500). Alice walker’s “Every Day” use tells the story of cultural social and ethnic conflict that is motivated by a conflict of ideas morals and values. Dee rejects the mainstream cultural pretext and proceeds to affiliate herself with a personalized and rather unaccepted heritage. She fails to obey family traditions and heritage as a way of cutting back at the family history of oppression that she considers offensive and unacceptable. The conflict between her new constructed culture and the tradition and culture that mama was brought up to know is an aftermath of the general mood of society after the effects of war and conflict that led to corruption of both morals and cultures. Amidst many other themes such as power of education and women empowerment, the story makes an adequate disposition of conflict in the domestic arena as a representative sample of the conflict that was taking place at the time across the globe. The conflict in culture was mainly due to the difficulties that immigrants faced in embracing cultural transition. Dee was making an attempt at adjusting and transitioning to the new culture (p 50). Amy tan on the other hand makes a rather detailed account of similar conflict and problems of cultural transition. She develops it based on two main dimensions. The internal conflict is one of cultural confusion that is motivated by varying standards of expectation. Jing-mei looks into the mirror in frustration after her ambitious mother who had high hopes of her making it through in the new cultural context gave her tests that she could not apprehend because she had not learnt them her mother’s aggressiveness is her bid to divorce the cultural attitude towards women and she saw a great opportunity for her daughter (p3-8). On the alternate end the cultural external conflict that is characterized by cultural transition is represented by daughters perception of their mothers broken English as stupid and the mothers on the
Communication is crucial in all spheres of human activity, and its significance increases as the volume of information grow. People constantly exchange information and opinions with each other trying to demonstrate the correctness of their statements. Rhetoric involves the ability to convince interlocutors through clear and reasoned thoughts. Its use is an integral part of writing non-fiction books in which authors try to persuade readers of a particular assumption. Drive-thru Dreams written by Adam Chandler and Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser offer their view on the fast-food industry and use rhetoric to persuade the audience. Chandler uses many rhetorical techniques to convey his point of view – anaphora, chiasmus, hyperbola, and other devices. Schlosser, in turn, uses hyperbole and a quote with chiasmus when presenting the topic but is predominantly focused on his research and examples. Although the authors agree that the industry is cruel, dangerous, and corporate, their opinions on how fast food represents and affects cultural identity differ. The author of Drive-thru Dreams is more focused on proving that fast food represents an American identity and uses many rhetorical devices, which increases his persuasiveness. In the introduction to the book, Chandler argues that fast food is the thing that brings Americans closer to inherited rites. He uses anaphora, repeating the phrase “We do it” and listing the reasons why the population loves and consumes fast food so much (Chandler 8-9). Although numbers do not accompany the listing, it is close to the eutrepismus device.
Creating the environment in which students are capable of acquiring the relevant skills in a manner as expeditious and efficient as possible is the ultimate goal of any educator. In light of the fact that the contemporary environment can be defined as very diverse, there is an urge for a teacher to make sure that the unique needs of each student is taken into account when designing the teaching strategy. I believe that teaching students to be culturally responsive in studying music, as well as having any related experience, be it listening to music or making it, is crucial to fostering the development of the skills that will help promote diversity in class. As a result are premises for enhancing cross-cultural communication among the learners so that they could understand the nature of music and the way in which the identified art form evolved can be created (Lind and McKoy 102). Similarly, I believe that, in teaching music, a very strong emphasis must be placed on the role of the community in the students’ lives and their aesthetic and cultural development. One might argue that there is no tangible connection between developing music skills and strengthening the link between the learner and his/her community. However, a closer look at the subject matter will reveal that the support of friends and family members is likely to have an astonishingly positive effect on the learners’ performance (Mark and Madura 233). Furthermore, the students will gain an opportunity to consider the history of music once the subject matter is tied to the analysis of the community, its development, and the role that music has played in it (Reiber and Teachout 28). The issue of distanced learning also deserves to be touched upon as one of the areas on which I would like to focus in the course of my teaching practice. Although the phenomenon has been explored extensively over the past few decades, its role has been downplayed significantly in the area of teaching music, which is a shame as distanced learning (DL) provides a plethora of opportunities for students and teachers (Barrett and Webster 170). For example, the flexibility that the participants can enjoy when exploring the theoretical and the practical aspects of music deserves b
Introduction Wit is a play that was written by Margaret Edson. The play’s main character, Vivian, who is an academician, is diagnosed with ovarian cancer. She tries to hide behind her intellectual cover but shades it off at the end to face the reality as presented in life through her medical complication. This paper seeks to discuss a personal interpretation of the ending of this play. This paper will with this respect review the play and critically examines how it ends. An interpretation of the ending of the play is given with the impact that is felt as a result of the play is brought light. Wit: review The play as written by Margaret portrays Vivian as its main character. Vivian enters the scene as a patient who is dressed in a hospital gown. As a patient, Vivian is not presented in good health condition as she has lost her hair to her sickness and has similarly lost her weight. When she was earlier diagnosed with the disease, Vivian responded with some level of lack of emotions portraying her professionalism as an academician. She is introduced as a professor in poetry who holds on to ideas of her former professor, Donne. Owing to her academic background, Vivian receives the news with neutrality as though it was one of the elements in her professional works. Her doctors in the hospital, one of whom is her former student also expresses their academic obsession by recommending an experimental treatment for Vivian and consequently treats Vivian as a tool for experiment. Owing again to her academic professionalism, Vivian consents to be used for experimental research and in addition chooses to go for the treatment without enlisting support from any relative or friend in terms of company and care. The intellectual characteristic of Vivian is so intense that upon receipt of the actual status of her sickness, she was not concerned about how, or whether or not she will be cured, but she rather meditated on undertaking a personal step to read about ovarian cancer, giving the disease the level of consideration that she had been giving to subjects in her academic career (Edson 1-9). In the process of her treatment, Vivian expresses herself as a strong woman through her personal claims. She exposes her pride and gives the assertion that she does not shy away from any sort of problem that faces her. In the process, a theme of death is introduced into the scene through a feature of Vivian’s former professor and men
Introduction “Around the fish (1926)” and “Tiznit (1953)” could not be more distinct from each other. Each work of art epitomizes what its creation is about. One painting is geometric, another is haphazard; one is rhythmic, while the other seems to be free from such coordination. However, these diverge differences do not mask the similarities between the two pieces; their meanings are debatable and ambiguous to some extent. Both artists also pride themselves in the poeticism of their work. Comparisons Influences The fundamental differences between the artistic works of both artists stems from the influences in their lives. Paul Klee produced ‘Around the Fish’ during the constructivist era. Since he lived in Germany, he was heavily influenced by perspectives of the Bauhaus (Fransciscono 255). This was an era where geometry, systemization and measurement were given the greatest precedence (Lanchner 26). It is no wonder that there are three cylindrical shapes that surround the fish. Furthermore, a crescent is placed alongside a circle. Even the very arrangement of the particles in the painting is cubical in nature. He uses lines directly and indirectly in the painting through the arrows and inside the cylinders too. The painting appears to be derived from motifs that have been placed on a plane. In fact Franciscono (247) explains that order, balance and regular progressions were some of the things that Paul Klee championed during this era. Since he was a lecturer at German University, he taught his students to start small and then combine these pieces to create a holistic picture. Conversely, Cy Twombly was classified as an abstract expressionist, although his work does not fall into any particular movement. While Klee may have captured the prevailing sentiments of his time. His work is not as ordered as Klee’s; instead, it can be considered as some from of graffiti. At the time when Twombly had created the piece, mass culture has taken over various art forms. It was almost as if he would have no relevance in commercialization. While Twombly’s work is devoid of basic graphics, pictures or other bold images, Klee’s work was rich with images. It is quite difficult to place Twombly in any general movement because his work is indulgent and sensual at the same time. Therefore, while both artists are unique in their own right, Twombly’s originality is louder than Klee’s. He stood autonomously in different artistic eras (Sylvester 5). Child-like element Perhaps another factor that brings these two pieces of art together is their childish-like elements. Once again, Twombly’s painting has more of these elements than Klee’s. Paul Klee affirmed that his art is really “childhood captured at will” (Lanchner 26). The work is authentic and designed to capture the wild imagination of those youthful days. However, Klee adds the words “at will” in order to show that his impulsiveness, while useful, is quite controlled. When one looks at ‘Around the fish’, one sees a plate of fish surrounded by some unfamiliar a
The Lieder cycle (song cycle) is a grouping of individually complete songs linked by one of several unifying factors that flourished in the Romantic era. The defining factor in the song cycle is the presence of some identifiable element that provides cyclical coherence. This element may appear either in the text, in the music or in both. The earliest texts related a story, providing cyclical coherence through the narrative itself. Sometimes the songs may be linked by a central idea or theme. In other examples, cyclicism among songs might be a musical coherence that can be manifested in any of several ways including the use of instrumental interludes, a recurring melodic motive or harmonic progression or the presence of a tonal plan. The Lieder cycle was important in the uniquely Romantic genre, the German art song or Lied, a piece written for a single voice with piano accompaniment. The Lieder cycle – presenting a dramatic episode in verse set to music- was considered a reflection of the Romantic penchant for merging of the classic forms of epic, lyric and drama. The Romantics embraced two essentially incompatible scales of form: miniatures (in their songs, poems and short piano works) and grand gestures (in lengthy novels and symphonies). The song cycle was a hybrid genre, a combination of several miniatures into an oversized whole. As the nineteenth century progressed, the song cycle gained even more momentus as individual songs grew shorter. Ludwig van Beethoven composed the first recognized Lieder cycle, Au die ferme geliebee (to the Distant, Beloved, 1815-16), a setting of six poems by Aloys Jeitteles. Beethoven achieves cyclic coherence both textually and musically. The textual connection is an essential factor as the poetry is a narrative based on the daydreams of a lover separated from his beloved. Beethoven also links the poems musically, both tonally and through transitional passages between the songs. Further musical coherence takes place when the cycle comes to an end with the return of musical material from the opening song. Franz Peter Schubert’s well known cycle, Die schone Mullerin (The Lovely Miller Maid, 1823: twenty poems by Wilhelm Muller) depicting the fortunes and misfortunes of a wayfaring young miller, was often acted out in the private salon gatherings of artists drawn to Schubert (Schubertiads). In addition to the textual cohesion provided by the story, Schubert unites several of the songs musically with related accompaniment figures to suggest the nearby brook beside with the narrative unfolds. Schubert’s other great cycle, Winterreise (Winter Journey, 1828: twenty four poems by Wilhelm Muller), in the absence of an explicit narrative threat, combines the predominant Romantic literary themes of wandering, alienation, nature,
Introduction Future fulfilment and success that is enjoyed by people in their adult life depends mainly on the emotional as well as the intellectual development that was experienced in their childhood. The experiences are derived from direct experiences that results from interactions with people around us and indirect experiences that are attributed to the ever growing media sources in the technological world we are living in. In the modern world, the media sources have been taken over by the mass media which incorporates the television; it’s most prominent and prevalent category. Television is attributed to influencing the society’s perception on the real world through the images it depicts. It has however experienced its share of negative and positive criticism. Despite this, it has continued to be adopted throughout the world hence becoming the favourable mass media device. Over the years a lot has been said and written over the impact of television within our society. Argument for positive effects of TV watching The general perceptions and explanations that are attributed to the effects of television in the social life tend to incline on the negative aspects thereby disregarding the other factors that bring about the positive effects of television. Television is considered as a socializing agent (Fisch 112, 113). One of the functions of the media is to depict the current happenings in the modern world. These happenings are often depicted in the television dramas or the news. For instance while dealing with violence, the media plays its role by indicating the threat it poses and implies the appropriate response that arises from the threat. The focus therefore needs to be shifted from the simple journalistic idea, if the reality which is expected to be captured by the media is to change the motive media of images that are structured to have a role in the determination of social agendas. Educational Television programs are regarded to have a positive effect on children’s cognitive development as well as social development in adults. There are programs that encourage prosocial behaviours within the society. Positive effects have been identified in the variety of different cultures as they advocate sharing and respect within the society. Among the positive effects of prosocial shows are the increase in interaction levels and a decrease in aggression levels among the viewers as the effects will be will be visible in the real world. Watching TV programs has also been regarded as another way of fostering group identity as teenagers or viewers are
Socrates states that life, which has not been properly examined, is wrongful and even unworthy of living. This may sound quite controversial, but the philosopher provides strong arguments to support his idea. He argues that a wise man has to examine the life of others and especially his own life. According to the philosopher, it is important to understand whether people live rightful lives and share their views to make wrongdoers change their ways. Only this can help create the society of rightful people who live in accordance with laws of morality. The philosopher stresses that a righteous man has to be able to administer the society (state, community, family) and contribute to its development while the righteous woman has to focus on her household, her children, and her husband. Any deviations from these norms may lead to negative changes in society that may be destroyed. If the person does wrong and immoral things, he/she corrupts the world. This person does not have the right to live as his/her life undermines the perfection of the world and may corrupt others. According to Socrates, the wrongful life may break the world order that has been set and bring chaos. Of course, it is impossible to understand whether an individual lives a rightful life without questioning each of his/her actions or statements. Without questioning people’s behavior and its outcomes, it is impossible to evaluate the impact each individual has on the development of the world. If this examination is not held, there are high chances that the person lives a wrongful life and contributes to the chaos. Of course, people should not live such lives according to the philosopher. Socrates emphasizes the importance of looking into people’s lives carefully to trace possible errors or sins made. More so, the thinker notes that it is essential to make the wrongdoer and people around him see the immorality of certain actions to avoid the same behavior in the future. Importantly, when addressing his accusers and his friends, Socrates asks them to examine the life of his own children. The philosopher stresses that his children have to be punished and even condemned to death if their lives are not righteous. He shows that the truth is the primary value in people’s lives, and wrongful people do not have the right to live. Obviously, people are unprepared for such examinations as they often act immorally when pursuing their goals. Such people accused Socrates of numerous sins, but his major ‘fault’ was revealing the wrongdoings of others. The philosopher was firm and never betrayed his beliefs. He chose to die rather than live without making the world better by examining