ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Bavarian Motor Works (BMW) is an independent German car manufacturer that was founded in 1916. It is a global manufacturer of luxury automobiles as well as high-performance automobiles. The company also has manufacturing plants for motorcycles, and it has subsidiaries such as the Rolls-Royce car brands and the Mini. The company began with the manufacturing of aircraft engines, after which it switched to motorcycles in 1923 before embarking on the manufacture of automobiles in 1928. (Friedman, 2008) The most important achievement of the company in its early stages was the formation of the aircraft power plant BMW IIIa which was mostly preferred by many customers for its performance in high altitudes. In 1994 the company, through its acquisition strategies, bought the British Rover Group that consisted of the Land Rover, Rover, and the MG marques. Due to persistent losses from Rover, the company decided to sell the combine. The greatest shareholder of the BMW is the Quandt family since 1959, which owns 46% of the shares, with the rest being in public float. (Grahl, 2006), Capacity planning The company anticipates increasing its plant’s production capacity from 160,000 units to over 240,000 units by the year 2012. This is to be done through its expansion plans which will cost the company over $750 million. Due to this, the Spartanburg plant is expected to start its operations with the production of the sports activity vehicles (SAV), and it is also anticipated that the plant will necessitate the manufacture of the hybrid version of the X6 SAV. By the year 2010, the production of the X3 SAV is also expected to be shifted from Austria to Spartanburg in order to allow for a wider customer base and easy entry into the market. According to the capacity plans laid down by the company’s management, the United States is unlikely to get in the near future supply of Minis. This is because the company does not have any plans to increase the production of Minis in the United States. (Hurst, 2006) However, the Oxford plant in England where the Mini is still manufactured is at its full capacity, and therefore no need to increase more plants because while it seems to make sense fiscally to build as many cars, the task is not simple. According to the report that has been published about the company’s capacity planning, the mini dealers who are short of inventory will not get relief because the company does not anticipate increasing the production of the mini brand. According to the Company’s North America vice president of corporate communication, despite the high record sales and high demand that has been recorded on the small fuel-saving hatchback, BMW is not likely in the near future to approve any more production of the mini brand in the United States. This is due to the fact that any increased capacity will necessitate an increase in costs, and this will trickle down to the forecasting accuracy. Since the mini manufacturing plant is at its full capacity, then it means that an expensive undertaking in the expansion of the plant is required in order to accommodate any additional manufacture
Introduction Shanghai is found on the western shore of the pacific sea and at the innermost part of the north-south shoreline of china. Shanghai is on the western side borders of jiangsu and zhejiang. The country’s land area covers more than 6000 square kilometers while the water mass covers more than 100 square kilometers. It is believed that the shanghai chongming island area covers around 1050 square kilometrs and said to be the third largest island in china. The first Fig shows the map of shanghai while Fig two shows where shanghai is located in china Fig:1 Fig:2 Shanghai as the leading town in china, is believed to be one of the foremost socioeconomic centers. The country is said to have been performancing a principal task in the nations change and opening movement, including industrial advancement, science and technology transformation. In the beginning of 1990, the innermost administration decided to speed up the expansion of shanghai into a world trade and industry, economic and trade center and to encourage financially viable expansion of the entire yangtze river region where the town is situated. The town has attained an astonishing financially viable expansion from that time. All these have made the city be the most important interface between china and the rest of the world. The below pictures shows some activities of shanghai Industrial Studies in shanghai shanghai sciences yangtze river playes a great role in the history and current status of china. Through the help of the yangtze river, the ancient people gained a lot of experience. This came up as a result of the continued flood that kept flooding at the river. The flood gave up them the experience on how to fight the flood and a nationwide characterstics showing a well-built will of never giving up. After the continued issues like wars and famine in the ancient history, yangtze river currently changed raising up peoples filled with hope and energy. This gave the importance of yangtze river in the shanghai country. The below picture shows the yangzte river what makes shanghai the modern china city is the new technologies. This has been enabled by the fast growth of education resulted by the high test scores gotten by the students. The high score in shanghai is said to have been caused by a number of reasons. First, the public schools in shanghai knows how how to utilize the hours of the day which gives them enough time of studying which is unlike the other countries. some issues like continuos watching of televisions and working while under the age of 16 is prohibited by the chinese law which creates enough time of education which is rarely considered in many countries. The picture below shows a condusive environment and students studying in shanghai A big sum of salary given to the teachers in shanghai unlike the other countries gives them the morale as
Nowadays, people often avoid spending their time outside and instead choose to stay at home, go to a restaurant or cafe, or engage in other types of leisure activity. Some individuals claim that platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have become the main cause of this problem. Yet, despite these assumptions, social media can actually contribute to people being outdoors, which in turn may have positive effects on their physical and mental health. Camping, hiking, skiing, or simply cycling in a park after work are extremely beneficial for people since it helps them stay fit and keep their minds sharp. Such physical activities produce a double positive effect on a person’s well-being because it provides both healthy exercise and an opportunity to connect with nature and enjoy the scenery. According to studies, by walking in a forest, people can decrease their levels of stress, reduce inflammation, revitalize their immune system, and even improve their short-term memory (Loria, 2018). These findings support observations of every individual who has experienced spending time in nature themselves; observing the environment is calming and healing for the mind and perfect for restoring mental balance. Social media platforms encourage people to show their stories, opinions, and experiences to their friends and followers, and trips to forests, mountains, and canyons are not an exception. For example, Instagram users can geotag and share their locations, which has made it easier to find beautiful spots and increased visitation of certain destinations (Gregory, 2019). Moreover, the platform gave rise to a large number of influencers who teach their audience how to behave properly while in nature. Other social media sites also help promote outdoor recreation; by publishing a post about their rafting experience on Facebook, a person can excite the curiosity of their readers to try it. Spending time in nature improves individuals’ physical and mental well-being, and social media platforms can encourage more people to engage in outdoor activities. Observing the scenery and walking in forests have been proved to improve a person’s immune system and short-term memory, reduce stress, and produce a calming effect on their mind. Websites such as Instagram and Facebook allow their users to share information about places in nature, which encourages others to visit these destinations.
Introduction The provision of high-quality health care services to ethnic minorities is a challenging task for medical facilities. Therefore, they use specific models and frameworks to assess the needs and problems of population groups for the specified objective. One of them is Purnell Model for Culturally Competent Health Care, and it is focused on the diversity of people, the similarities and differences in culture, and interventions based on these principles (Purnell, 2019). Its selection for the purposes of the analysis of the category of patients under consideration, Korean Americans, is conditional upon the inclusion of numerous cultural characteristics affecting the outcomes of treatment. In this way, it will be beneficial for a thorough examination of these people’s health status in the United States. Application The Purnell Model consists of twelve elements, and their combination provides a full picture of Korean Americans’ approach to health. As follows from the first element, overview, they live in the United States, but most of them arrive in the country being adults, and their self-sufficiency is lower (Jang et al., 2020). While pursuing better economic conditions, they end up without health insurance, and their poor education is added to the problems (Jang et al., 2020). The second element, communication, presents the challenge due to limited English proficiency as 85% of them cannot express their needs (Ivey et al., 2019, p. 1047). Another cultural specificity, which is a barrier to the provision of services, is a dislike of medical procedures due to physical contact (Sin & Kim, 2017). Most Korean Americans are married, and they distrust the United States’ health care system, choosing folk remedies known in their families (Sin & Kim, 2017; Hong et al., 2018). Thus, the principal challenges stem from low self-sufficiency, poor education, limited language skills, and traditions. The situation of Korean Americans regarding their careers is more optimistic. Compared to other ethnic minorities in the United States, they reported having a better income (Ivey et al., 2019). Moreover, this indicator is even higher for people staying in the country for over fifteen years (Ivey et al., 2019). The only difficulty connected to work is their limited English proficiency (Sin & Kim, 2017). According to the survey, most Korean Americans are aware of their genetic predisposition to various conditions (Hong et al., 2018). Health-risk behaviors are primarily related to smoking for men and low physical activity for women (Ivey et al., 2019). As for pregnancy, the traditional Korean approaches apply to this aspect as well, including breastfeeding (Ivey et al., 2019). In general, the Purnell model was useful for the analysis, bu
There are numerous types of significant life events that may befall employees at work. While the core responsibility of organizations is to offer working opportunities to employees, it is crucial to mention that the well-being of workers is of great importance. Managers in organizations are supposed to offer adequate emotional support to individuals going through significant life events such as bereavement. The organizational response is prudent as part and parcel of making sure that employees recover as soon as possible (Miller, 2010). To begin with, an organization can respond by being empathetic and offering much-needed support to the affected employee. It is also vital to have an informed choice on the type of emotional assistance that can be extended to an employee. There are instances when certain support provided to an employee may not beneficial at all (Padgett, 2010). Making a well-informed choice before advancing help is also a show of respect and dignity to the affected person. Second, initiating communication with the affected person and ensuring confidentiality in the process of offering support are fundamental values during a time of significant loss such as bereavement. Impartial and objective handling of issues affecting employees should also be priorities. In other words, fairness should prevail at all times. Realizing the potential of employees at the workplace can only be precipitated when equal opportunity is availed to all and sundry. In addition, data protection is prudent, especially in cases whereby personal and sensitive details emerge out of significant life events. To effectively respond to an employee who has gone through gross loss, an organization needs to protect the individual as much as possible owing to a high degree of vulnerability at that time. Some of the areas of vulnerability may include safety and mental health. Hence, it calls for a thorough risk and needs assessment immediately after an employee lands into a difficult life event. The management team and the Human Resource department play fundamental roles when bereavement or grief strikes a worker within an organization. However, the latter team can only be effective if a long-term cordial relationship has be
Introduction The perception of speech is produced by a person not only through audio channels; other forms of information, in particular visual, are also involved in the formation of the message. In the literature, many experiments have been recorded related to identifying the influence of the number of channels of perception on the information received. Messages perceived through the audiovisual channel have greater clarity and are processed faster by humans, whereas purely audio information is perceived slower and often of lower quality (Rosenblum, 2019). Thus, the integration of different channels of perception plays an important role in communication. Not only external factors affect the perception of speech, but also the internal. For example, a person’s lexicon, with the help of which the semantics of certain received words is determined, is an external factor. The main objective of the study includes determining whether there is a correlation between the size of the lexicon and the speed of perception of audiovisual materials. Thus, the hypothesis is that the wider a person’s lexicon is, the faster he or she processes both audiovisual and audio information. To confirm or disprove the hypothesis, two experiments were conducted with two participants involved. Background A person has several channels of information perception, which are not isolated from each other. Thus, in a healthy human under normal conditions, exclusively auditory perception of speech is impossible. When communicating, people observe visual information, which also affects the process of perception. In the literature, the main phenomenon associated with this process is the McGurk effect. It is assumed that “seeing the articulatory gestures of a talker influences the auditory speech percept” (Tiippana et al., 2003, p. 460). Many theorists argue about which channel of audiovisual information is primary or whether such information is a consequence of the integration of two streams (Rosenblum, 2019). Rosenblum (2019) indicates that “the experiments reported here demonstrate lexical influences on the McGurk effect” (p. 460). Experiments with the McGurk effect are aimed precisely at identifying the correlation between the quality of speech perception and visual information. The combination of audio and visual materials improves the perception of speech in noisy circumstances, as well as semantically difficult words or phrases. However, despite a wide range of experiments conducted aimed at identifying the persistent source of information, the role of the lexicon in perception is poorly understood (Brancazio, 2004). The McGurk effect experiments involve the audio presentation of different phonemes and simultaneous visual presentation of the pronunciation of another phoneme. Thus, a person perceives some sounds by ear, but the pronunciation of other sounds may be perceived visually, which often causes difficulty in identifying a phoneme. However, there are no problems with identification in exclusively audio perception. A pers
Introduction As a system, Internet finance (IF) has originated in the West, but China has become the place where it is currently the most powerful and developed in the world. Internet-based companies in this country were the first to realize the potential of the new model. Nowadays, corporations like Alibaba and Tencent are leading the market after introducing financial products in addition to their primary businesses. Their IF platforms draw millions of users and generate capitals that start to create the real competition to the traditional sector. However, the industry is still developing, and there are issues that require the unique approach to their solution to prevent this important part of the Chinese economy from a potential default. This research is significant since it analyzes the latest trends in the industry of Internet finance. The literature background is important for understanding the origins of the concept, as well as comparing it to processes that had happened in other countries before IF has come to China. However, the nature of this model is built around the high speed of changes that is a feature of all online-based businesses. Thus, what used to be significant several years ago does not characterize the current state of the industry. The research starts with the background of Internet finance as a concept, providing its definition from the literature. The features of IF are given, followed by its comparison to the traditional sector. Theories are combined with practical results shown by the industry in the description of IF development. The values of Internet finance are presented, as well as the issues facing the sector and the solutions that might work to tackle them. The method of empirical analysis has been used in this research, and the latest news reports and statistical data have been provided to support the conclusions. Defining Internet Finance The definition of the concept of Internet finance varies depending on the spectrum of its application. In general, it forms around financing and investing as two core activities that are performed in a mixed-operation manner with the use of technological platforms. In many countries, alternative finance is used as an umbrella term for the concept, covering various models of operations between companies and individuals. In China, Internet finance is defined as a model, where traditional institutions and online companies use the Internet and IT as a communication tool to “realize accommodation of funds, payment, investment, and information intermediary services” (Ye and Ma 241). However, the background behind operations of these two types of organizations is quite different, which often puts them as competitors rather than partners. The idea of Internet finance has come to China from the Western market. In the late 1990’s, the process of digital finance development gave a start to several companies that shaped the operations model (Guo et al. 4). PayPal has become one of the first solutions for Internet payment, while the British Zopa.com and the American Lending Club allowed peer-to-peer funds exchange activities. Other types of fina
Cinematography as a form of art is multi-faceted, as it serves several purposes that engage the viewer’s senses and feelings. In addition to being entertaining, certain films to be though-provoking and even philosophical. Some of them attempt to transcend the familiar boundaries of the genre, allowing the creators to create new vision of the format. In this scenario, the viewer is deeply engaged by the thrilling indeterminacy of the plot, making the climax unpredictable and impressive. A recent rewatch of the 2007 crime thriller No County for Old Men has evoked similar feelings, highlighting new layers of meaning that may be elusive during the first encounter with the film. This work by the Coen brothers breaks the traditional concepts of the genre by introducing an ensemble of controversial characters with a fresh perspective on a familiar plot. The absence of a clear “hero” of the story, combined with the unpredictably grim outcome, is the key reason why No Country for Old Men was received with such warmth by both critics and viewers. The core idea behind the plot does appear original at first sight, as the main effect is achieved through execution. No Country for Old Men tells the stories of several key characters involved in a criminal affair, during which drug-traffickers’ money becomes stolen. A professional hitman called Anton Chigurh is hired to track the thief, which commences a violent sequence, as he leaves a trail of blood behind him ( No Country for Old Men ). The directors gave this concept a new image by portraying most characters in all shades of grey. There is not a clear protagonist with pure intentions and the ability to end the violence. Most of the screentime is devoted to Llewelyn Moss who is not an honest man by any means, for which he pays with his life. Moreover, people around him become caught in crossfire as collateral victims to the conflict over stolen money. Interestingly, the only “clean” character is Sheriff Bell, and his storyline is that of a helpless bystander who can only follow the path of the murderer, being unable to affect the outcome. At first sight, this aspect of the film, including the ambiguity and the grim tone, appeared to be a questionable choice. This part reveals its value upon a subsequent rewatch, symbolizing the meaning that is embedded in the title of the film, which is enjoyable for attentive viewers. Sheriff Bell is the titular old man who no longer belongs in the new reality where the paradigm of values has shifted. Another point that I like is that the central conflict of the film extends beyond the confrontation between Chigurh and the law enforcement or Llewelyn Moss. In fact, it is the clash of the old world and the new reality, which applies to all main characters in some capacity. Moss acted out of greed and paid for it with his life. Chigurh is another “old man” who finds it more difficult to evade justice as the new age arrives. The intentional ambiguity of the script may find a negative response from the audience, especially the first time. Yes, Chigurh escapes at the end, but his time is almost over, as the new ge