ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Anne Bradstreet is one of the outstanding poets who significantly influenced American literature. Her contribution to the development of literature becomes even more significant considering her biography and the period when she lived. Anne Bradstreet was born on March 20, 1612, in the period of male domination and supremacy. However, she acquired a good education, which became a critical factor impacting her writings and style (Gordon 3). The fact that she became a well-educated woman became central for the future themes and ideas reflected in the poems she wrote. Her knowledge, combined with the experiences gained from migrating to America and living there with her husband, preconditioned the emergence of several important themes typical for her works. Puritanism is one of the most commonly mentioned ideas that the poet often discusses. She accepted the role of God in her life; however, she also tries to find meaning in life and answer important questions about her position there. For instance, the poem “The Flesh and the Spirit” can be viewed as the opposition of two arguing aspects of human nature, helping Bradstreet to discuss the elements of the Puritan faith. She states, “Thy sinful pleasures I do hate,” clearly outlining the dominance of spiritual values in her life (Bradstreet 233). However, the symbolic dialogue between two sisters, Flesh and Spirit, shows that Bradstreet also has inner conflicts making her think about religious issues. The discussion of male superiority is another essential theme in poetry of Bradstreet. Being a part of the Puritan society, a good wife, and a mother, she had to accept her subordinate role. Moreover, she seems happy in her relations. In her poem “To My Dear and Loving Husband,” she says, “If ever two were one, then surely we. / If ever man were loved by wife, then thee” (Bradstre
Introduction The studies of Foreyt et al. (1999) and Olstad and McCargar (2009) both present the idea that childhood obesity begins from the ages of 2 to 5 and can actually be prevented provided that it be detected early on and proper methods of behavioral, physical and nutritional intervention are put into practice before early onset obesity takes hold. One interesting aspect of the Foreyt et al. (1999) study is that it actually compliments the study of Olstad and McCargar (2009) in the sense that Foreyt et al. presents methods on how to detect whether a particular child was at risk of becoming obese in the future while Olstad and McCargar present various methods on how prevent early onset obesity through dietary, physical and parental intervention (Foreyt et al, 1 – 5) (Olstand and McCarger, 1 – 5). By combining both studies a distinct procedural methodology actually emerges wherein early detection and methods of prevention can be combined in order to prevent a child from becoming obese. Hypothesis of both Studies From the perspective of Foreyt et al. (1999) detecting whether or not a child will become obese in the future can actually be accomplished utilizing a combination of BMI, logistic regression parameters, and cross sectional samples of data over a period of several years (Foreyt et al., 1 – 4). By utilizing their proposed method of probability calculation Foreyt et al. presented a procedure that hypothesized all children between 2 to 5 years old can actually be tested in order to determine whether or not they will become obese. The study of Olstad and McCargar (2009) also presented a similar hypothesis yet included in their study the idea that by adjusting parental involvement in a child’s health practices which include adhering to proper diets, physical activity and presenting oneself as a proper role model, early onset child obesity can be constrained and prevented (Olstand and McCargar, 4 – 6). Participants and Data Collection Methods The participants for the Foreyt et al. (1999) study were primarily Mexican-Americans aged 2 – 5 within an elementary school in the U.S. While the Olstand and McCargar (2009) study didn’t use any participants they did however focus on the prevalence of childhood obesity within children in Canada. As such both studies when combined produced an array of different perspectives from two different countries regarding childhood obesity. Data collection for the Olstand and McCargar study consisted primarily of academic research utilizing, statistics, books and journal articles while the Foreyt et al
Recent US Monetary Policy Decisions In 2017, the decision to raise the base interest rate per annum was adopted by the Federal Reserve System of the United States of America. It testifies to the continuation of the Fed’s policy targeting the tightening of monetary policy, in spite of growing concerns about weak inflation (Miller). In this connection, the focus on inflation is one of the most significant decisions that can be made paying attention to a set of opinions and studies performed by the Fed. In general, a more characteristic trend of the Fed’s decision to lower interest rates allows the Federal Treasury to keep from collapse and even build up the pyramid of American debts. Speaking about the Fed, it is important to understand that it is a symbiotic body by its nature. Its decisions also ensure the unity of business and the state; not of any business, but of a major financial one, which has long become global (Miller). Such a review takes into account not only the potential benefits of raising the target level of inflation but also the potential difficulties that may be associated with it. The risks for economic forecasts remain generally balanced in the medium term, but the committee closely follows the dynamics of inflation. At present, the committee plans to begin the implementation of the program to normalize the balance sheet this year, considering that the economy will develop as expected. The strategy of the recent decisions of the Fed is called by analysts as pragmatic madness. On the one hand, it effectively mitigates the consequences of the crisis; on the other hand, it prints dollars and buys bonds, thereby inflating its balance (Monetary Policy). This threatens the fact that in the event of an imminent rise in interest rates in the near future, there will be a devaluation of the huge volume of bonds that the Fed bought. In turn, it may lead to serious losses and even paralysis of the system of Federal Reserve banks, at least, by the absence of dividend payments and the restructuring of the Fed. It played a significant role in mitigating the crisis in the United States. Thus, unemployment fell from a peak of 10 to 7.5 percent (Monetary Policy). The volume of lending in commercial banks is growing, and, most importantly, inflation rates have fallen. The US national debt is one more issue associated with the Fed’s decisions. News on this topic will have more impact on the movement of quotations. It is possible to offer one of the options – reducing costs or raising the limit of borrowing. Reducing costs will cause a negative impact on the markets, and raising the ceiling of the national debt will call into question the current credit rating of America. There is a need to develop a balanced compromise solution, over which American politicians will have to work hard. Problems and Regulation of High Frequency Trading In connection with the rapid development of technologies used in the activities of the financial marke
The topic of personal identity has been presenting a matter of interest for numerous philosophers throughout the whole history of humanity. An English philosopher, John Locke, advanced his opinion om this regard. Unlike others, who believe that personal identity is based on the substance of the soul and body, he focuses on consciousness or memory. His approach implies moral responsibility, which can be acquired by a subject. The main strength of his theory is the fact that it stimulates people to evaluate their actions. However, Locke claims that people will be punished for their crimes only in case they could remember them, which is definitely the weakness of his concept. A Scottish philosopher David Hume offers another opinion in this regard and states that personal identity is fiction. He wrote: “I never can catch myself at any time without a perception, and never can observe anything but the perception” (as cited in Fieser para. 22). Therefore, an individual cannot describe himself or herself without the titles for events in their life, which were designed by other people. In this regard, his position may be similar to anatta to some extent, which implies the fact that a permanent soul and self do not exist. The topic of personal identity is inextricably linked with the perception of the brain and soul. It has been changing throughout the entire history of humanity. Philosophers used to relate them as independent aspects, though the contemporary view implies the connection between them. In other words, from the perspective of moder
Introduction Taking into consideration the rising levels of substance abuse among the youth of today, this organization has come into being, to address a vital need – rehabilitation. Primary surveys and research have revealed that substance abuse is most common in those families that are economically backward. Early socialization and peer pressure are two other important factors that impact the rise of substance use in such communities. Over the years their numbers have grown to such an extent that families are being fragmented with no hope of a better life insight. Armed with the support of eminent psychologists, doctors and healthcare volunteers, this organization will endeavor to provide youth in this locality, a second chance at life. On a larger scale, this organization intends to expand its reach through awareness programs that will be conducted in similar localities. Above all, there is an ethical approach to all the activities that are undertaken under the aegis of this organization, in the fervent hope that substance abuse as a social ill will decline into negligence in as many communities as possible. The organization – services to be provided As this organization was founded with the sole aim of providing support and rehabilitation facilities to victims of substance abuse, its identity as a not-for-profit organization gains credibility and establishes it firmly in the league of like-minded service organizations. However, it needs to be mentioned here that the finances for running the organization come from charity and donations, given by individuals and corporate bodies with a strong sense of social responsibility. Considering the fact that providing quality service to ensure clear and irreversible rehabilitation is not only challenging but also expensive, this organization proposes to hold fundraising activities that will highlight the need for such services. At the cost of sounding repetitive, it must be clearly stated that, hitherto, similar service was available only to a select few who could afford the high costs of similar rehab centers. The escalating costs of supervision, personal therapy, membership fees, accreditation, etc. could restrict the entry of people to only those who are (relatively) affluent (Lawton & Feltham, 2000). The target group that this organization is looking at are men and women in the age group of 15 to 35 who have fallen prey to the menace of alcoholism and drugs. One more qualifying factor for admission into this facility will be their low economic status and the inability to find rehab care elsewhere. The services will be provided completely free of cos
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is faced with a serious problem of the high unemployment rate and low political participation of youth. To address the problem, the authorities offer a wide range of opportunities to its young people to acquire and develop their potential. The UAE seeks to increase civic responsibility and leadership skills of youth because young people are considered to be an essential resource for the development of the country. It is the government’s responsibility to provide its young citizens with healthcare, housing, jobs, education, as well as opportunities to participate in decision- and policy-making processes. Around 40 percent of the UAE’s population are young people, and the authorities understand that youth is a significant resource in driving the UAE forward. There are various platforms and programs which are available for the UAE’s young people to become leaders and be involved in the policy-making process. One of them is the UAE leadership development program that is designed to help young citizens get knowledge and experience to become political leaders (Kamali, 2018). Young citizens have the opportunity to participate in various workshops, seminars, and training. Capacity-building is needed for long-term sustainability; therefore, the country seeks to engage the young generation in the policy-making process. The programs aim to encourage UAE youth to take ownership of assigned actions and tasks, drive governmental initiatives, enable collaboration, and analyze global trends. Another significant governmental initiative to inspire youth to become leaders is called “Youth Circles,” which are forums enabling youth to express their opinions on political, cultural, social, and economic issues. Each Youth Circle participant has the right to voice his/her opinion to shape a policy or solution. Participants of the circles are young citizens of different genders, ages, and fields. Researchers note that Youth Circles are designed as a means of transmitting recommendations from inspired young citizens to the UAE authorities (Al Saleh, 2018). The main purpose of Youth Circles is to help both current political leaders and future leaders among youth to find the best solutions for specific issues. There h
Introduction From the presidential campaigns and now his leadership, the life travels of Barack Obama have been important for discussion in understanding the forces which shaped his personality and behaviors. Many have suggested that his success in politics stems from the fact that he was a man of many nations. As this movie proves, Obama had a history of living in more than one continent. He had different places to call “home”. As this movie suggests, the places he lived in, especially when he was a child, had the effect of transforming and shaping him into the personality he is today. In this movie, the character of Obama is the focus. How his stay in Indonesia as a child (possibly) shaped such is the focus of the movie. In the movie, the role played by Obama’s parents in shaping the personality of the young boy is also highlighted. Thesis: Little Obama depicts how Obama was shaped by his stay in Indonesia into becoming a strong willled, friendly and diplomatic person. In Little Obama ( Obama Anak Monteng ), there is no struggle to present Obama the president. Instead, the childhood of Obama is traced in the most probable way it happened. In the movie, young Obama is allowed to be the child he was (Adams 2). He is allowed to do things which a child would be expected to do (without focusing on him as the future president). As would be the case for any child, the movie presents Obama learning most of his life lessons through play. In the movie, other major characters are the children whom Barry (Obama’s name in the movie) plays with. As the movie is framed, these characters help the young Obama to understand many things about his life. They help him to search for his own identity. Watching the movie, one realizes the intention of the producers to insist on the point that without this stay in Indonesia, Obama would have probably not encountered the critical questions on his identify as he did. Besides the idea of Indonesia as the setting for changing his behaviors, the movie also brings out parenting as an important issue. In this regard, the movie, besides highlighting the interactions which the young Obama had with friends, also presents the conversations and interaction with his parents. As the movie confirms, Obama learnt from, and was taught much, by his mother and stepfather. Little Obama captures the period of Obama’s childhood from six years to when he was ten years. The belief of the movie is that these years were the most important one in laying ground to the character of Obama. The events in the movie happen in Monteng, Jakarta of Indonesia. They occur between the years of 1967 to 1971, indicating a capture of four years of obama’s childhood. The movie opens when young Obama, referred to
Humanitarian Concerns The world has been characterized by crimes, wars, and disasters. As a result, the modern world is now characterized by constant fear and panic since many people feel that they are no longer safe. Therefore, it is very important to look into the causes of these problems; otherwise, adverse consequences might be experienced. In efforts to make the world safer, we need to incorporate the following measures: Education programs on human rights to be included in school curriculums. This will help one know his or her rights and other people’s rights and respect them. Law enforcement should be applied to ensure there is peace. Laws should be put in place to protect the citizens’ rights, and anyone who violates these laws should face the law. Peacemaking strategies should be developed to necessitate eradicating misunderstandings and ensuring minimal conflicts occur in general. Humanitarian aid and development assistance should be given to the victims of the disasters. Calls for ensuring that victims or people who have been affected by war have access to the basic needs. Ecological Concerns To a large extent, human activities have threatened the survival of life on earth due to their ignorance of the importance of the environment. If the trend continues, many living species may be totally wiped out, and they will not be known to future generations. Therefore, we need to act quickly to prevent this from happening. The following measures could assist: Campaigns on universal responsibility to take care of the environment should be conducted. Educational programs should be held to educate people that exploitation of the environment has a direct impact on us no matter how little it may be. Tree planting to ensure a more conducive environment should be advocated. A deeper commitment toward environmental protection is needed; thus, we need to ensure that the environment is green by planting trees and preserving the existing ones. A clean environment should be enhanced. Everyone has a right to living in a clean environment. It is, therefore, necessary to ensure that the world is healthier than we found it for the sake of our future and the generations to come. Good governance that protects the environment should also be adopted. Governments should b
Executive Summary Despite the recent spur in the concern for whole-wheat products and gluten-free food, the hype for healthy nutrition seems to have died down. This has triggered a major concern in the companies that produce organic bakery and other gluten free products. Moreover, the emergence of new entrants in the specified industry has triggered not only a drop in prices and, thus, in revenues, but also a considerable decrease in the amount of customers for the company. Although the increase in competition rates can be viewed as an opportunity for the organisation to explore new opportunities in research and development by creating a new brand product and, therefore, define a new manner of marketing whole-wheat products to the target audience, the threat of losing an impressive part of the annual income is still quite tangible. Herein the necessity to revamp the company’s image and to reconsider some of the issues related to marketing and research and development lies. With the adoption of a more reasonable advertisement approach that will incorporate active use of modern media and a flexible financial policy, the baking company in question will be capable of becoming the leader in the specified industry. More importantly, this approach will allow for a complete reinvention of the industry. A complex approach, which will allow for creating a brand product and an interesting legend behind it, will help improve the revenues of the company and raise demand for whole-wheat products. Marketing Audit It is suggested that the marketing audit should be conducted on a monthly basis. Thus, major issues will be spotted and at the same time enough time will be left for introducing changes to the current marketing strategy. In addition to the assessment of the marketing strategy efficacy, the audit will help review the effects of the external and the internal marketing environments on the overall course of the company (Phillips, 2014, p. 221). As far as the external elements of the marketing audit are concerned, it is essential to nail down the key specifics of the target customers. In the case in point, the basic characteristics of the denizens of the UK population, which are considered to be the key consumers of the whole grain products, must be identified. As a study shows, the decision process, which a typical buyer has to go through before selecting the desired product, presupposes that a compromise between three key elements, i.e., the price, the quality and the enjoyment of the product, should be made. Consequently, i
Abstract Outreach programs take advantage of affiliations, relationships and research provided within drug and substance abuse rehabilitation centers for the purpose of designing relevant treatment, counseling, referrals, education and proper allocation of resources towards alleviating teen and adolescent addiction. Drug and substance abuse is rampant among adolescents. Community based outreach programs are structured with an assessment and treatment programs that examine the defining behavioral and psychological issues that could have led to the drug abuse. Emotional issues comprise serious underlying factors which include depression, poor self esteem and eating impairments (for instance bulimia and anorexia nervosa) that could overwhelm individuals to the point of abusing drugs. This paper therefore explores both secular and theological counseling as an integrated approach for the intervention of teenage drug and alcohol abuse. Introduction Drug and alcohol abuse has become a serious problem across the world. The problem begins with the curiosity to experiment on a social drug as a result of peer influence or a wild indulgence. “At the beginning of substance abuse, an individual appears to be in control of the situation but soon loses balance becoming dependent on the drug/alcohol” (Allen& Kruzas, 2008 P. 5). Alcohol and drug abuse results in chemical dependence to the drug being abused creating a permanent disorder that corrupts an addict’s life. At this point, the addict takes more quantities of the drug in order to achieve a particular state of euphoria experienced before. Substance abuse affects the entire life of an addict. An integrated approach in counseling incorporating both the secular and Christian based interventions is therefore important in arresting teenage drug and alcohol abuse. Secular Counseling Persistent abuse of the drug reaches a peak where the addict is forced to seek for help. By this time, the individual could suffer from the combination of the physical, psychological and emotional complications. This is attributed to the fact that when an individual exposes his/her body to increasing quantities of the drug or alcohol, the addict’s body becomes modified physiologically. The changes in body’s chemistry results