ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The New Right became dominant in America’s politics in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The mid-1970s marked a slow transformation of politics and many aspects of America’s history. These included the new right, the new religious right and conservatism of the corporate arena. The new right was not embraced immediately; it triggered a lot of opposition. The mid 1970s was a central point for conservatism. The cold war liberalism transformed America by ensuring that America’s leadership was not compromised. This conservatism combined the political and social economic resources of America to achieve the objectives (Sigelman 839-851). During the early 1960s, 2 cities located approximately 700 miles away from each other in the areas that were famous for rice farming were most affected during the Vietnam War in the US. These are Danang and Hue which are densely populated cities (Addington 2). In the1970s and 1980s, although the cold war came to a halt in America, the issues that triggered the conflicts continued being the centre of confusion and controversies in America. It reached a point that America stopped to worry and began to love the atomic bomb. This may be due to the issue of development positive long term effects of the atomic technology (Addington ix). Fears of more atomic bombs being released existed in the U.S. This was especially after the American government, according to reports in the early 1990s, unveiled radioactive substances as a form of scientific experiments. One of the experiments conducted by the government involved giving foods that contained radioactive substances to several teenagers. This was to investigate the digestion process of the human body. Such experiments raised controversies in the country. These, among other issues, continue being a cause of worry for the American citizens, decades after the end of the war (Addington 200). Therefore, life in America changed after the new right policies came to be. The new right polices caused great cultural alterations to the Americans in regards to living with the aftermath of the atomic bombs and the impacts of the war. The technological advancements effects were also felt in the country. People could now discover weapons and other crucial equipment that could be used in other wars as defensive measures against their enemies. Some equipment could also be used for hunting purposes. One of the major factors that contributed to the rise of the new right is the rise of the technology of printing in America. This issue enabled Americans to effectively disseminate important information in the forms of pamphlets and publications. Thus, according to Albert Einstein, the atomic bomb transformed all things on earth except for man’s nature. The Nagasaki and Hiroshima bombings further elaborate the pace of these atomic bombs in America. By the 1980s, Americans began accepting and absorbing the revolution of the new right policies, into the culture of America. This meant that the cultures, values and expectations of the Americans were transformed greatly. Americans slowly began to understand and appreciate the politics and technological benefits
Sample Design Home Depot stocks a variety items for home use. When a customer checks in at the Depot, customer service representatives readily provide professional assistance on the products they intend to purchase. The buying process begins when a customer makes informed decisions on the kind of product to purchase and the options available including warranties. The study and analysis was based on qualitative and quantitative data obtained from a questionnaire administered on customers who called in to help identify areas of business process improvements for Home Depot. This formed the source of primary data used in the study. Ethical considerations formed an important aspect of the study (Bryman & Bell 2007). The sample design consisted of a population of 50 customers on whom the survey was conducted. Inspecting various aspects of Home Depot yielded primary data for evaluating the efficiency and professionalism of Home Depot employees and its services and other company operations. According to Bryman and Bell (2007) the analysis was basically anonymous with clearly informed consent on the part of customers. Customer Service Levels A structured questionnaire was administered to customers on an excel spread sheet which formed an important tool for data collection. An analysis of the data indicated that customers were satisfied with the services offered which were characterized with professional attention. In addition to that, it was noted that customers were provided with adequate information about Home Depot products enabling them to make informed decisions on the products they purchased. The use of the cash register machine was identified as an integral part of the business and over 90% of the customers found it convenient. Additional assistance could be offered by Home Depot employees. Areas of Improvement The purchasing process however had points of weaknesses. Braunstein (2007) notes that an analysis of responses indicated a deviation and a negative skew on a statistical mean, median, and mode of the distribution of customers who returned items already bought. Though their distribution was small, yet in the business context, there was need to further educate support staff on the need to be professional in handling post purchase issues and enhance their professional skills in identifying and detailing customer products. In addition the need to employ skilled personnel with technical knowledge on Home Depot products, these could enhance service delivery. However, an analysis indicated that H
Dr. King’s claim centered on the need to encourage nonviolent protest against racial discrimination. He also revealed the biblical soundness of this claim through various examples (Rieder XIX). Importantly, the clergymen were against segregation, but they believed that people should wait patiently for justice. In their turn, Dr. King and his supporters were promoting active non-violent protest. Through allusion to Apostle Paul, King attempted to stress that he also wanted to spread freedom (King 4). He tried to end racial oppression and discrimination through peaceful resolution. Dr. King alluded to Apostle Paul to show the clergymen that they were sharing a common ground. Another crucial allusion was made to the Book of Acts. In it, Peter said that it was more important for him to act in the will of God rather than to hold by unjust rulings (King 5). It implied that he might offend other people in the process. This allusion showed that Dr. King was trying to obey the word of God (Blum and Harvey 205). While doing so, he recognized that he might be offending the church officials. Through this analogy, King intended to show that he would continue fighting for equality because it was the right thing to do. Thus, he wanted the clergymen to comprehend biblical reasoning behind the non-violent protest. One more allusion was made to Socrates to explicate the need for action. He wrote that creating tension was essential “so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half-truths” (King 2). Socrates asked people difficult questions so that they could reflect on their lives. Such analysis and tension liberated them from living under illusions. Through this example, Dr. Kind illustrated that civil disobedience took place many years ago. Back then, people were ready to oppose unjust laws that were causing inequality and preventing progress. In the same manner, King believed that people could unite to combat oppression. Works Cited Blum, Edward J., and Paul Harvey. The Color of Christ: The Son of God & the Saga of Race in America . The University of North Carolina Press, 2012. King, Martin Luther, Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail . 1963. Web. Rieder, Jonathan. Gospel of Freedom: Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail and the Struggle That Changed a Nation . Bloomsbury Press, 2013.
Reducing violence and promoting non-aggressive behaviors (using Bandura’s theory and ideas about aggressive behaviors) A theory is a set of interrelated abstract propositions that attempt to examine a phenomenon (Gredler, 2009). Principles form the basis of formulating objectives and policies. Educational theories play significant roles in formulating educational policies (Gredler, 2009). They guided the process of education and how learning should take place. According to Albert Bandura, one’s conduct results from processes that occur in mind in a social context. Bandura posits that learning occurs through observation, rewards, and punishment (Cherry, 2014). The environment plays a key role in modeling the behavior of organisms. Unlike other theorists, he argues that aggression is determined by learning. This learning results from reinforced aggressive behavior (Cherry, 2014). Also, he demonstrates that learners whose aggressive behaviors threaten others feel motivated and continue with their unwelcoming behaviors. Since the theory holds that learning takes place through observation, aggressive behavior can be learned by observing others (Cherry, 2014). Thus, from an educational perspective, learners and other stakeholders in education must play their roles appropriately. First, educational leaders should be good role models to the students since learning takes place through observing other people. Moreover, aggressive behavior should be punished, while good behavior should be rewarded. This will deter those with aggressive characters to repeat the mistake and encourage good behavior through reinforcement. Furthermore, Bandura argues that certain external environmental factors increase the chances that aggressive behavior will be expressed (Cherry, 2014). Teachers should choose words carefully because abusive language can result in the development of aggressive behavior. Bandura’s theory can be applied in real-life education in the following way. In a situation where a class is very aggressive, teachers can correct students’ behaviors by modeling the right behaviors and rewarding those who behave expectedly. Educationists should ensure that the learning environment is conducive, and teachers do not insult each other or label students negatively. Strategies to avoid gender stereotyping and activities beneficial for both genders (based on the ideas in Carol Gilligan’s Moral Reasoning Theory) Education inst
Introduction Self-Regulated Strategies Development (SRSD) is an evidence-based system used to teach self-regulation tactics to learners and, in the process, impart other content from other subjects. SRSD is useful in helping students with writing difficulties to engender strong self-regulation and writing strategies. SRSD helps students get self-esteem as they improve their attitude towards writing as well as help those who have problems with their concentration, people with hyperactivity disorders, learners with learning disorders and those who generally perform well in class (Creswell, 2007). The aims of SRSD are to change the attitudes of students these categories towards writing, help them gain more understanding about writing, improve the quality of the essays or the compositions that they write, and write longer essays (De La Paz, 1999). All the students with the mentioned learning disorders as well as normal students can be included in the system. This inclusion helps learners whose performance is average to improve and perform better whereas the low performing learners are able to improve their writing skills. SRSD is a system whose usability is possible in various settings. SRSD accommodates face-to-face learning methodology that issues instructions on a one to one basis in addition to deliberations that cover small groups (Guzel-Ozmen 2006). Teachers also have the option of utilizing the system to attend to all their students at once during the teaching process (De La Paz & Graham, 1997). Although research on the effectiveness of the system were conducted utilizing lower levels of learning (including grades K-12), SRSD was more successful in the middle school levels and upper elementary grades than in the lower levels of learning. Implementation of the
A contribution margin income statement format is the one in which all variable costs are deducted from the value of sales to obtain a contribution margin. All the fixed costs are then subtracted from the value of the contribution margin to obtain the value of the net profit or loss of the period. The traditional income statement applies the use of absorption methodology in its computations and formulation. In this format of traditional income statement approach, all fixed and variable costs of any given organization or business enterprise always constitute part of the inventory costs of that organization. The fixed and variable costs also collectively form part of the cost of commodities sold by the organization in question (Drury, 2007). Traditional income statement format In this format, the top section of it shows the detailed computation of gross profit of a business enterprise. The gross profit is computed as a summation, which includes net revenue earned by the company less the cost of goods sold by the business company. The next section of the traditional income statement shows the list of operating costs or expenses of the business. These operating costs or expenses are such as marketing, selling and distribution, rent and supplies among others. The net profit generated, or loss incurred by a business enterprise, simply refers to the statistical difference between the gross profit made by
The crisis of moral and psychological maturation is commonly attributed to teenagers, and because everyone faces this problem at a certain age, several reputable authors addressed it in their literary works. The short story entitled “How To Talk to Girls at Parties” by Neil Gaiman is essentially a narrative about a fulfilling exploration of the other gender which leads to maturation. The present paper shows that the theme of coming of age is developed in the short story through the parallelization of girls to aliens and through the growth of the main characters’ understanding that the reduction of cross-gender relationships to physical contact is superficial. At the beginning of the short story, Enn and Vic, the two main characters, are shown as ordinary adolescents, seeking interesting entertainment at a party where they will meet several girls. Because the main character also acts as a narrator, it is possible to receive an accurate first-person account of what the boys believe are relationships with the opposite gender. Enn confesses he is extremely shy in conversations with girls but has already kissed his sister’s friends without even talking to them. The second boy, Vic, believes that talking to females is merely a path of gaining the girl’s compliance to become physically closer, i.e. to hug or kiss: “Vic seemed to have had many girlfriends […]” ( Gaiman, par.3). Vic also convinces the narrator that girls are not the creatures from the other planets, but at Stella’s home Enn realizes that cross-gender relationships are much more complex. Wain’s Wain, the girl from the other galaxy, reveals that she was chosen by her progenitor to travel only because of her imperfectness, associated with the presence of the sixth finger on her left hand. She seems extremely restrained, partly because of her perceived inferiority. When introducing herself, Wain’s Wain clearly points out that she is worse than her compatriots and further refuses to dance and drink anything except for water. This character is an example of a person with deformity or disability who believes their physical otherness to be significant barrier to communication. The second girl appears to be more garrulous and animated, and probably being a newcomer on this planet, she shares her impressions about her senses in the human body. In this passage, the first-person point of view allows understanding that Enn does not listen to her carefully, nor he does reflect upon her words, and his only intent is embracing the girl. He fails to get closer because Vic suddenly calls him and recommends that Enn not merely initiate talks, but also listen to what his interlocutors say. Symbolically, this interruption might point to the wrongness of the protagonist’s communicational strategy, as the talk should be a symmetric process. After encountering Triolet, Enn actually comprehends the value of the consistent talk, which consists in identifying what the man and the woman can have in common. Triolet’s verse obviously unites the two young people , as Enn realizes poetry is similar in all
Introduction Current theories of organizational leadership tend to argue that bureaucracy is no longer tenable or applicable in the modern context. They base their argument on the disadvantages of bureaucracy as suggested by Max Weber in the 20 th century, which focuses on dividing organizations into subjective hierarchies and establishment of control and authority (Josserand, Teo & Clegg 2006). They also base their argument on the negative aspects of ‘appointing’ rather than ‘electing’ organizational leaders. However, modern theories of organizational leadership fail to recognize the impact of bureaucracy on innovation and change management. In fact, modern leadership styles are products of 20 th century bureaucracy, which emphasized technocracy in organizational leadership (Browning 2007). The systematic nature of bureaucracy contributed to the development of large business organizations in the 20 th century because of its effects on change and innovation. It ensured that innovative, visionary, skilled and experienced technocrats led organizations and were appointed to the right positions based on the outcomes of their past work (Josserand, Teo & Clegg 2006). In this way, bureaucracy ensures that organizations choose the right leader through appointment, rather than risking a poor leader candidate being elected due to majority voting power. In this context, it is evident that the systematic nature of bureaucracy makes it applicable in delivering change and innovation in modern organizations. However, some changes are needed to make bureaucracy fit for the contemporary context. The purpose of this paper is to develop a critical analysis of bureaucracy to determine its applicability in the modern context. The paper argues that bureaucracy is systematic in nature. Therefore, it is good for delivering change and innovation even in the modern context. The paper will present a brief analysis of the nature and applicability of bureaucracy, its strengths and weaknesses. It will provide a review of the scholarly work supportive of bureaucracy in organizational leadership, using examples from literature. Finally, it will develop a conclusion in support of bureaucracy in the modern context. What is bureaucracy and why is it an important topic in organizational management? First introduced by Max Weber in the 20 th century, the term ‘Bureaucracy’ has been an important topic of debate in organizational and public leadership. In simple terms, it describes an organization as a large structure with dividing hierarchies and establishment of authority and control. In essence, Weber’s bureaucracy has a number of characteristics that make it unique. For instance, it emphasizes hierarchy of structure and authority. Organizations have a hierarchical chain of command – t he top bureaucrats have absolute control and power (Josserand, Teo & Clegg 2006). Secondly, it emphasizes the specialization and division of labor. Bureaucracy is based on the premise that an individual is best at a given field or area of specialization and must work in that
Man, in all his uniqueness, has managed to conquer the world and its inhabitants for thousands of millennia now. Animals and plants have their own unique characteristics too, at least scientifically as well as biologically. Scientists and other theorists have been working round the clock to understand the origins and nature of these unique characteristics found in both primate and non-primate organisms (Lahn & Ebenstein, 2008). Below, several concepts that are thought to cause genetic diversity are critically evaluated in a bid to offer answers to the myriad of questions on the unique characteristics prevalent in organisms. Genetic diversity is a term mostly used to underscore the “variation in the nucleotides, genes, chromosomes, or whole genomes of organisms” (Harrison et al, 2004, para. 1). In its most straightforward level, genetic diversity is characterized by variations in the nucleotides, the basic ingredients that forms the DNA contained in the cells of a living organism. The chromosomes residing within the organism’s cells play host to the DNA. Most organisms contain two sets of chromosomes, with a few exceptions that have one, three, or four pairs of chromosomes in a cell. If an organism is diploid (two sets of chromosomes), it means that it has two alleles of each gene (Harrison et al, 2004). Mutation and sexual reproduction comes in since there are the major factors that lead to variation of either one or more alleles contained in each gene (Lewontin, 1995; Harrison et al, 2004). Other biologists and anthropologists are of the opinion that geographical localities and lifestyles are also possible candidates for genetic diversity in primates. Generally, mutations are changes in the structure of the DNA which form the foundation for dis
Summary This article deals with one of the major issues in East and Southern Africa, the failing of HIV prevention programs. Such programs complete fail to prevent the spread of infection among young females aged between 15 and 24 (Gathigah, 2014). According to the UNAIDS, 4 out of 10 “new HIV infections” in women occur in females aged between 15 and 24 (Gathigah, 2014, par. 4). It is also noted that in men new infections happen in men in their twenties while teenage boys are not often infected. Thus, in Botswana, 5% of young men (aged 20 to 24) are infected while 15% of women of the same age have HIV (Gathigah, 2014). In Swaziland, 6% of girls aged 15 to 17 are infected while 43% of women in the twenties (up to 24) have HIV. This can be explained by the conventions and difficult socio-economic situation in the countries of the region. Thus, primary reasons for failing prevention programs and the spread of the infection among young females are gender inequity, limited access to healthcare, and violence against females. Researchers agree that the region needs a multidimensional approach to address the issue (including measures to diminish the rate of violence against women and increase the accessibility of healthcare and education). Relevance to Global Health Policy HIV is one of the most dangerous infections that has spread globally. The number of people infected is rising each year and the spread of HIV in African countries contributes to