ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
1. So, the impact of social media on changes to society during the recent Egyptian uprising is really great. Egyptians use all forms of social media to share the events, which take place in the country. Moreover, people got an opportunity to express their own points of view; so, one may affirm that social media is considered to be one of the ways to impact on government or political leaders. Of course, it is not social media, which caused the revolution; however, numerous viral videos influenced Egyptians’ action and protest. One of the most important points, which is to be taken into account, is that social media helps to speed up the revolution. Moreover, many protest groups appeared due to social media. 2. The second question is related to the impact of social media on various communities. Thus, social media caused Egyptians’ grievances. People couldn’t be patient anymore; so, they took to the streets in numerous cities to show that political matters are to be changed. The Day of Revolt became one of the most important historical events in the country. On the other hand, Egyptians used social media to let the planet know what the reasons of revolution were. They say the activists wanted to spread hope all over the world, in order other countries could fight injustice. Social media helped Egyptians to convince other countries of the pro
Abstract The Yoruba people, an ethnic group from Nigeria and Benin, have a specific conception of spiritual care and how it should be performed. The rituals and processes vary, depending on the continent and country where Yoruba adherents live. While African Yoruba people remain, loyal supporters of the original Yoruba beliefs, the representatives of this culture in other countries show a considerable influence of Christianity on their beliefs and healing practices. As the Yoruba culture becomes more and more globalized, its people also change the initial beliefs and rituals, transforming them into new religious movements and subcultures that are heavily influenced by local religions. As of today, the Yoruba people live on six continents, bringing diversity and uniqueness into the existing cultural and religious discourse. Introduction The concept of spiritual care varies from religion to religion, from one folk to another. It can have different forms and is expressed in tens of practices that include certain specifics and rules. Spiritual care of the Yoruba people, represented by the set of religious practices and traditions called Orisha or Ifa (also Orisha-Ifa), is the primary theme of this paper. However, to fully understand how spiritual care is expressed in this tradition, other aspects related to religious practices will be addressed. Yoruba people, also Àwon omo Yorùbá, are an ethnic group that lives in Central, North, and Southern Nigeria, as well as in Southern and Central Benin (Oduyoye, 1995). Their economy can be characterized as agricultural, they also pursue and develop their marketing skills; the group maintains constitutional monarchy (Oduyoye, 1995). The main and most important characteristics of this ethnic group are, however, the “non-material culture of religion and the ideologies on which human relations were built” (Oduyoye, 1995, p. 12). Their patriarchal culture is strongly linked to their religion and beliefs that evolved without the influence of world religions. Spiritual Care To critically evaluate the mentioned diasporan religious expressions, it is also necessary to understand what spiritual care is. Although definitions may vary, depending on the religion and traditions, spiritual care often goes hand in hand with healing practices and traditions: while the latter focuses on the physical processes, the former provides answers to questions that address spiritual areas of an individual’s life. Spiritual care is another dimension of treatment and healthcare that focuses on the mind and soul (if one believes in it) of a person (Mbiti, 2015). Some of the most popular types of spiritual care include prayers, readings of the holy texts, singing or chanting mantras, etc. They can be used not only during treatment or healing but also when a person faces a loss or mourns somebody’s death.
The Jungle is a book written by a journalist who aimed at bringing out the kind of life experienced by those who had migrated to the United States. Although, the novel was then interpreted and used to expose the situation of the health that was being experienced in the industry (Sullivan 1996). The book elaborates on the harsh conditions of people who migrated to the United States. The Jungle talks more of the problems that people both employed and unemployed faced out off the high level of corruption in by the leaders in the state. The writer of the book came up with suggestion on what ought to be done to eliminate the issue of minimal salaries among the citizens, hence, improve the living standards of the people in the United States. The writer of the novel brings out the picture of America as a nation that is experiencing various food problems as a result of fast food cuffs, hence, threatening the lives of many citizens in the region (Cecilia 2004). Despite of their advantage of having numerous food supplies in the region, people in the state continue to suffer instead of enjoying the food resources. The writer feels that this is a problem that people created for themselves due to their unhealthy practices that lead to death as well as severe illnesses. There were numerous similarities in the United States on the way people were treated by the government as well as their day to day life. Both the state faced almost common problems as well as close kind of hardship despite of the differences in the kind of resources that were found in the two regions (Jacobs 2010). The writers did not only focus on the problems that the citizens were experiencing but also viewed at the possible solutions that could employed to diminish the problems in the two regions. In the writing, the writer elaborated on the problems that come hand in hand as a result of poor planning by the government, corruption as well as minimal wages among the employed citizen, thus, making the lives of the citizen difficult (Sullivan 1996). With the increased level of poverty in the United States, many people and mostly the immigrants face the greatest challenge in trying to meet their daily needs. However, there are some people who are concerned with the low living standard of the members of the states, for instance, the writer of fast food nations who went to an extra mile by organizing for supervision on the meat packing facilities but his effort fails to work out as people allocated to perform the duties were so reluctant to notice the poor hygiene in the plants. This does not help much in impro
Currently, the Arab world materializes to be amongst the fastest growing countries in terms of population. The perceived population growth brings about expenses related to pollution. The commonly observed pollution include air and water pollution. Environmental pollution in the Arab region result from fuel combustion, draughts, use of pesticides, clinical wastes, improper industrial and households’ waste disposal. These activities negatively impacts on the health of Arab world members. Water pollution Arab countries face multiple environmental challenges. The scarcity of fresh-clean water has raised many concerns. From Arab future environmental challenge report, Arab countries face desertification, marine pollution and fresh water scarcity which are anticipated to increase due to climate variations. In Arab region, it is estimated that environmental degradation is 5% of the total GDP (Frederiksen 670). In Arab world, water scarcity proves to be a key dilemma. It is reported that out of the 22 Arab countries, 15 fall under water poverty line. Very few individuals have access to clean water. Besides, the sea level is expected to rise in the next decades by four meters. This will affect 18,000 kilometers of the total populated Arab coastal region (UN 45). Whilst Arab world apparently does not contribute above 5% to the universal climate change causes, water pollution effects will severely impact on the region. At the end of 21 st century, the Arab region surface temperature will rise by 2 to 5.5 o C. Due to improper industrial wastes dumping, excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers, merely 84% of the entire population has access to fresh- clean water. About 21 years ago, the figure was reported to be 80% and the increase might increase the rate of diseases which would lower health and productivity rate. This region also fails to meet the set UNDP clean water target program which is to be realized by 2015. The organic water pollutants emissions are high and are approximated to be 500 metric tons (UNDP 23). Air pollution Though Arab countries are the major oil producers and exporters in the world, they are also the leased greenhouse emitters in the world. A huge volume of oil produced by the Arab countries are not utilized within but are rather exported to developed countries. Carbon dioxide emitted from greenhouse causes a rise in world temperature. UNDP report stipulates that greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere due to increased fossil fuel usage (p.27). Arab countries are however below the average contributors albeit there is a remarkable rise in their emissions. UNDP estimate that by 2003, the amount of emissions in the Arab world rose to 1013 metric tons from 586 metric tons in 1990 (p.21). The rise in carbon emissions was attributed to increase in transportation which contributes 90% of the total emissions. As an economy grows, people use un-roadworthy private cars that lead to increased dema
Introduction Suffering has been conspicuous in human race for centuries. In fact, every human being has suffered in one way or another. Suffering crisscrosses all cultures of humankind. Suffering has no limit. To some people, it is part of life while to others it is a punishment from the gods. Besides, to some people it acts as a corrective measure while to other it acts as evil. Different people from diverse cultures define suffering in variant ways. However, the processes they undergo during suffering tend to converge. This paper will explore the theme of suffering in the ancient, Roman and Greek periods (Steiner, 1906, p. 1). Suffering Every human finds him/herself facing suffering. It comes with or without invitation. Suffering may come as a warning figure or as an enigmatic one. Suffering has troubled man since the beginning of the world. Based on different views, religious sectors have believed that suffering started with the sin of Adam in the garden of Eden. On the other hand, others have believed that it began with man once he came into being. However, one convergence is that suffering has formed part of human race ever since. Ancient people experienced suffering as well as the modern ones. In this regard, suffering has traversed humankind. Whenever people try to value life, they find it necessary to consider the input of suffering in it. Suffering has been considered as the eradicator of peace. Moreover, it has also been considered as a damper of hope and pleasure. However, it is necessary to note that world and cultural developments have worked to reduce human suffering (Reisinho, 2012, p. 1). Ways in which suffering is mirrored Ancient stories tell of individuals who suffered from many issues, which affected their physical conditions. Among these included Cicero and Philoctetes who experienced despair and depression in their public and private lives. Archeologists have also managed to prove conditions of suffering in the ancient worlds. They have unleashed a number of personal as well as environmental factors that contributed to suffering in ancient times. These included torture, mental anguish and depression, social and political oppression, physical handicap and chronic illnesses, among others. Notably, suffering was highly prevalent in ancient world since they experienced tyrannies, poor infrastructure, and mythical cultural aspects. Suffering in Greek society was interpreted in many ways. For instance, Aeschylos, a tragedian saw it as a way of acquiring knowledge in ancient Greek. In essence, he saw it as something that brings both the benefit and detriment. In fac
What is Language? Communication is typical of all kinds of non-human species. Communication is done with the purpose of the exchange of information between the individuals. Non-human species communicate in a non-linguistic way where their actions are designed to express certain kinds of emotions that can be compared to such human actions as frowning, crying, smiling, getting angry or annoyed (Eifring & Theil, 2005). To communicate, animals use their body parts – eyes, mouths, teeth, paws, ears. They also add sounds to their communication. The kind of communication employed by humans is the most complex and developed compared to the interactions of non-human species (Eifring & Theil, 2005). Human communication is done by means of languages. This way, language is something used only by humans. For us, language is one of the most important aspects of life; it helps us to express out abstract ideas, share thoughts, fulfil our desires and needs, interact with others and continue our culture. Even though there are a large variety of languages on our planet, they all share some of the similar features (Eifring & Theil, 2005). First of all, they all have inner systems and structures and rely on certain organisational rules. Secondly, they are the sources of creativity as they can produce an infinite number of variations of sentences and phrases. How Is an Additional Language Learned? Languages can be learned using different methods. The first one facilitates the explanation of the meanings of different words, word combinations, and rules. Another one is learned by being immersed in the environment of the additional language; this way is similar to the method we employ when we first learn to speak our native languages (Mackey, 2014). Both of the ways require a so-called re-wiring of the brain of the learner to adjust to new names of the objects and new associations. This takes some time, as certain processes in our brain need to shift and become more like the processes of the native speakers of the language that is learnt. This shift defines how well we know the language, and shows the level of our proficiency. The research conducted by the Swedish scientists determined that learning a language by means of being immersed in the environment is much more efficient than leaning through the explanation of rules (Mackey, 2014). This occurs because the individual that has to spend time surrounded by the language learns by means different stimuli, they see the language, hear it, et to practice it, and they need to apply creativity as their application and comprehension of the new language determines their success in interactions. How Should an Additional Language Best Be Taught? According to the results of the research mentioned above, it is clear that the best way to teach an additional language is to involve the learner’s different senses and skills into the process of the acquisition of a new language. Unfortunately, the vast majority of the second language teachers have no chance of throwing the learners into the native enviro
Nowadays, it became a commonplace practice among many people to suggest that fast food cannot be considered ‘real.’ This, of course, implies that the consumption of fast food can hardly be considered beneficial to the affiliated practitioners. Nevertheless, one’s unfavorable stance toward fast food cannot be considered thoroughly valid. This paper will expound upon the main reasons, as to why it happened to be the case while promoting the idea that the question ‘should fast food qualify as ‘food’?’ should be answered positively. One of the notable aspects of today’s living in the West is the fact that, as time goes on, people seem to grow increasingly concerned, as to whether fast food can be considered thoroughly safe. For example, one of this food’s disadvantages is considered the fact that it is high in cholesterol, which in turn is believed to trigger cancer. This particular concern, however, cannot be deemed fully valid. The reason for this is that, while fearing cholesterol (something that causes them to hate fast food), most people never bother to make their inquiry, into whether the mentioned substance can be considered as harmful, as they believe happened to be the case. After all, there is now plenty of evidence that the dangers of cholesterol are being exaggerated and that, while consumed moderately, this substance is capable of contributing to the concerned practitioner’s well-being. Thus, what people think accounts for the main disadvantage of fast food, may be defined as its advantage. In this respect, we can mention yet another presumed disadvantage of fast food, which in turn has to do with the assumption that, due to being saturated with fats, it contributes rather substantially to the ‘epidemic of obesity’ in the West. Nevertheless, fast food can hardly be blamed as the real cause of this ‘epidemic’. The fact that, as time goes on, more and more Westerners appear to grow increasingly obese, has more to do with the essence of the currently enacted socio-economic policies in Western countries. However, even if the mentioned disadvantage were indeed well substantiated, it would still be counterbalanced by the fact that, due to being cheap and nutritious, fast food does provide millions and millions of socially underprivileged individuals with the possibility to keep their stomachs filled up on a 24/7 basis. After all, providing poor people with access to low-quality food is still much better than denying them such a chance altogether, due to the wellness-related considerations. Those who claim that fast food is not quite ‘food’, have never experienced the sense of hunger in their lives – otherwise, they would know that, after having starved for a few days, one finds the taste of even the greasiest hamburger heavenly. There is also a purely discursive reason, as to why fast food is being commonly denied the status of ‘real food’ – this is due to its presumed disadvantage of being associated with blue-collar workers. In ot
Health and wellbeing strategy Every health and wellbeing strategy should be implemented only after the preliminary research to be effective. Many companies apply standard wellness programs that do not target the needs and issues of particular employees. Every company should be clear about its objectives during the process of cohesive strategy creation (Cooper and Quick, 2017). Centrepoint activity is based on a thoroughly elaborated “external” health and wellbeing strategy that aims to support people in need. Nevertheless, the organization should also improve its “internal” wellbeing strategy and train its line managers to enhance the health conditions and productivity of its personnel. Centrepoint Centrepoint is an organization that provides social and housing support for young people all over the UK. To have a comprehensive approach, the three-year-long Health and Wellbeing Strategy was adopted. Homeless people are at higher risk of facing serious health problems that deteriorate their entire life. The company sees the sound mental and physical health of homeless people as the foundation which they need to find a job, home and become self-sufficient (Health and Wellbeing Strategy, 2018). Centrepoint provides in-house health service dealing with a list of problems including mental health, substance use, life difficulties, nutrition, and relationships. The company provides education about diet and nutrition, crisis support, advocacy, and long-term psychotherapy. It targets four primary interventions: diagnosis and support of dual issues, such as mental and drug addiction issues, crisis support, low term individual counseling, and dietetics. Recommendations Taking into consideration all information previously analyzed, some recommendations can be given. The best wellbeing strategy overlaps both mental and physical assistance for the homeless youth. Hence, the first recommendation is to expand the company’s service to physical health treatment. It should facilitate the overall effectiveness of the program by the sophisticated approach that revokes the necessity to depend on other health care providers. The organization has the potential to become a multidimensional center for homeless people. However, it requires more healthcare professionals to be hired and higher costs are needed to expand the infrastructure. Another problem with this strategy is that company’s mission is to help everybody who comes and asks for help (Health and Wellbeing Strategy, 2018). Nevertheless, many young people may be not motivated or afraid of making confessions to practitioners about their health concerns, especially those who feel unsafe being in society. Centrepoint should become more active in targeting those who are most in need and at risk. For instance, they can devise a plan to partner with schools to inform and educate students about a
It can positively be demonstrated that human physiology is perhaps the most delicate field in the medical arena. A vast number of complications have been documented and others are still being uncovered that affect the well being of human beings. Eye floaters represent such complications and it is therefore a worthwhile endeavor to take some time out and address the problems that stem from this disease and on the same token, come up with a solution for the same. This paper shall aim to find out the exact nature of the disease, its causes, probable victims and having discussed this; outline a list of possible treatments for the same. According to Juan (2004) Eye floaters are blood clots, tiny clumps of gel or cells that are found in the “vitreous”. This is the clear fluid that occupies the back chamber of the eye and acts as a lubricant. A common symptom of the floaters is the “photopsia” which refers to flashes of light seen in the line of sight. As much as these floaters may seem to be outside the eye, they are inside and what many people see, are reflections cast on the retina. Other symptoms associated with the same include loss of side vision, blurry vision and migraines. Eye floaters have different causes and they all depend on various variables like age, biological and environmental factors. The most common cause is the shrinkage of the vitreous covering, a condition commonly known as “vitreous syneresis”. Due to this shrinkage, the water content within the eye is released and forms floaters. Floaters caused by this often appear in a linear formation. Another documented cause is the posterior vitreous detachments (PVD) and the retinal detachments. Almost every organ in our bodies is subjected to change over time. As a result of this, the vitreous body may lose its support and consequently it contracts. It then causes a large ring-like floater within the eye. Due to this part of the retina may be ripped off by this liquid which leads to a blood leak within the eye causing more floaters in form of dark spots. Wilkins affirms that blunt eye trauma may also cause floaters. If the eye receives a direct hit, blood clots may be seen at the point of impact. He also states that inferior objects and acute irritation of the eyes may as well lead to floaters (2007). It should be noted that in as much as floaters may seem harmless, depending on the cause they may lead to severe complications and therefore should be looked into as soon as they are discovered. Another cause of floaters is the regression of the hyaloid artery. This is an artery that runs through the vitreous