ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There are several advantages of having sales people to promote products but having sales people in an organization is a very delicate issue that requires a huge amount of concentration and care. The single most significant trait that a person should possess in order to be successful in a generic sales position is the overachiever trait. The successful sales person possesses and demonstrates the discipline, self-control, and mastery to force him to achieve goals purely for the sake of achievement. The greater the amount of the overachiever trait a person has, the more likely one will be successful in sales. This single trait acts as an independent force and also influences, dominates, and controls the other factors in his temperament. The overachiever trait interacts with and to some degree controls the other six traits. The degree to which the candidate possesses this trait will strongly influence his probability for success in sales, and if the person is sufficiently high on the overachiever trait, he can be successful in sales with almost any combination of other traits in his behavior style. So in order to search the sales staff with this sort of personality trait requires a high amount of time and money. In case of long search for the sales staff with these characters, organization has to bear huge amount of expenses. Similarly high scores for the entrepreneur, active, and aggressive traits contribute to success in a generic sales position. Conversely, low scores for the sensitized and passive traits are frequently important for success in a sales position. A positive score on the compulsive trait is helpful but generally contributes a negligible amount to the overall sales success rating. A low score on this trait, however, can be a serious limitation for success, especially in some technical areas of sales. A disadvantage to the firm is that for matching the sales person with the optimal compensation package. In case of lower sales, the firm has the burden of these lucrative pay and compensation packages. Any compensation system exists within the general management philosophy of the organization. And the pay system used to compensate the sales force is part and parcel of the overall style of management that pervades the firm. Moreover, a sales compensation system that works effectively under one style of management can fail miserably under a different management philosophy. This means that compensation systems and the firm philosophy interact and should be compatible in order to gain maximum effectiveness from both. Two examples of different firm philosophies will illustrate this point Firm Hibuty has a stated philosophy that encourages team effort, group orientation, and shared responsibilities. It should reinforce this sense of cohesion with a compensation system than rewards these behaviors. Such a firm philosophy requires a compensation system that includes group sharing of bonuses and joint sales work.
Introduction The 18th Century consisted of proud people who declared it a period when people could think and reason both critically and creatively. They therefore called it the age of reasoning and enlightened people. However, the writers of then published stuffs, plays and articles, which were full of satire addressing how the real case was the opposite of what the people claimed about the century. Oliver Goldsmith, in his work ‘She Stoops to Conquer’ shows how the 18 th century people were neither reasoning nor enlightened. Satire, a literary device that addresses issues, as they ought to be and not as they are, has a good share in Goldsmith’s work concerning the claims of 18 th century. Satire Goldsmith successfully satirizes the 18 th century views. For instance, the then people claimed that their reasoning could help in determine the likely laws rights, which would otherwise help in tapping an unending knowledge with which they would realize some of the long-awaited ethical laws and major achievements. However, the major development that marked the century was that of a religion, known as deist whose people believed in God as the one who created the universe giving it the power to function as it did but without any divine intervention. Therefore, the then people held that the then triumph and contentment could act as the center of life irrespective the future life. In fact, the claim did not feature even the least of apt reasoning or thinking, leave alone enlightenment. Confirming this, Goldsmith asserts, “…there is hope for flawed humanity” (Para. 20) showing how weak the people were in terms of thinking and reasoning which did not dominate the century as claimed. Furthermore, the achievement of humanitarianism was also prioritized by the people in this century. They were devoted to benevolence towards those who were less fortunate in the society whereby the little bit fortunate in the society were supposed to show mercy to the less fortune, a new concept during this enlightenment. Nonetheless, this did not portray any token of apposite reasoning or thinking as it did not happen in actions, despite the words. Confirming this, Goldsmith asserts, “Appearances are some time deceiving or you cannot judge a human being by the quality of her wrapping” (Para. 4), which therefore goes against the reality as the people were selfish and hypocritical, judging others in terms of their social status and possessions rather than the content of their character. Based on these words, it is clear that proper reasoning did not dominate in what the people claimed. People also followed the 16 th and 17 th scientific revolutions whereby natural science was to be re-examined and used to create understanding. Nothing was worth accepting based on faith rather than the belief that everything that happened in the world, either good or bad, had a logical or rational explanation. The misconceived enlightenment also led to the idea of social change whereby people believed that if science could progress then it was imperative for human beings also to progress too. There
The overall problem that will be addressed in this essay is the problem of stagnancy that an organization can face due to the ever-changing conditions of its environment. This subject has great significance because technological advances constantly require companies to adapt and improve. I will begin by discussing how this problem was illustrated by the Burberry case. Then, I will describe the current awareness level on the subject and how it is reflected in related literature. After that, let me present a theory that can be used as a solution to the problem. This will be followed by a more detailed discussion of how this theory was presented in the Burberry case. Here, it is necessary to make an argument to support the previous statement and describe the risks that may arise. Finally, I will observe the findings in the conclusion part. The Burberry case is an excellent example of the chosen problem, as it is an old company that went through many difficulties to adapt to changes. It has tried a number of different approaches, but almost all of them failed to help the company achieve long-term sustainable success and bring it out of stagnation. Finally, with the introduction of digital and social marketing, it managed to solve the problem. Nowadays, social media has become an essential part of business marketing strategies. Professionals such as SEO experts and SMM specialists are highly demanded because all businesses need to work with social networks to promote their goods and services. If they do not, they risk being left behind. There is a body of literature that focuses on many ways how social media can improve businesses. We can use research and models presented in the lecture and readings to explore, analyze and introduce them into our own e-marketing strategies. Implementing the trust theory discussed in the second reading can become a major step on the way to positive changes. Customers need to trust the product-makers to buy their products. As Jefferson and Tanton (2013) put it, “if you want success from your marketing, stop ‘selling’ and start helping instead.” After multiple failed attempts to capitalize on the growth, Burberry had to increase its trustworthiness. As a CEO, Angela Ahrendts took a number of steps to do that. Among these are steps to form a whole new department of social marketing, as well as improve communication with customers by collaborating with bloggers and using social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter. Introducing these approaches into its marketing strategy, the company finally managed to come out of the crisis. The reason for this is the fact that at that time, the customers that Burberry mainly targeted were Millenials. Therefore, Ahrendts determined to use social networking websites to make the company more popular among them. However, this strategy involved some risks because using social media was not enough. As a result, Burberry had to do more to minimize the risks: to unify the product lines and hire new designers and marketing specialists. In conclusion, it need
Introduction Larry Hyman who is the author of the report on the universality of word accent is a linguistics professor at the University of California where he specializes in phonology. He has a keen interest in languages of the African people. Larry Hyman has conducted several award winning researches and is credited for numerous quality and informative publications in linguistics. The report is published by the University of California in Berkley where the author is based. The main idea of Hyman’s report is to provide a clear argument on the contentious issue of word-level stress accent and to try to establish whether it is universally applicable in all languages. Students, other scholars and enthusiasts of linguistics may find this report very handy in improving their knowledge on stress and accent. This paper is a critical review of the report on whether all languages have word accent. Summary and Description Hyman’s report uses a logical and very persuasive approach that focuses on a broad perspective of word-level accent and not the way it is perceived in traditional linguistic literature (Hyman, 2012). The report is divided into five sections addressing forty-nine items that look at the relationship between word stress and accent besides addressing the issue of universality of accent. The first section, which is an introductory section, handles the initial four items and introduces the important issues that the report addresses. Hyman begins his report with a definition of word accent and distinguishes it from word stress in terms of inclusiveness and description. He asserts that since all languages have word stress, they must automatically have word accent. In the second section, Hyman handles the definition of stress accent and embarks on the traditional definition of what makes up a stress accent system. Under item number five, he provides eight clear characteristics of a stress system. Hyman gives a description of a stress system that looks a lot like English then goes ahead to justify why metrical stress is very unambiguous in English. Subsequently, the report looks at three different approaches that can be used to define stress accent. The first method (phonetic method) is about the phonetic manifestation of stress and focuses on the outlook and the intensity of the stressed syllables. The second approach proposed by the report is the functionality method, which concentrates on the communicative intentions that motivate stress accent. The last approach is the formal technique that addresses stress using its structural characteristics. To determine the universality of stress accent, the
The break-even point assumes that with a particular volume of production and sale of products, the costs spent on its creation will be equal to income. When it is achieved in the production and sale of each subsequent production unit, the enterprise begins to profit. Thus, the break-even point is the moment when the enterprise will completely cover the losses, and the company’s activities will start to bring real profit. Considering that profit is the difference between income and expenses, the break-even point is the sales volume at which the company’s profit is zero. No profit is a condition to find the break-even point from a profit equation. To find a break-even point, it is necessary to establish what costs of a unit production are, what price is assumed for the finished product, and what the fixed costs are, for example, fees. To calculate, one applies the formula P (n) = ((R (n) – C (n)) * n) – T , where n is the quantity of production, R (n) is the price of one unit, C (n) is the cost of production of one unit, T is fixed costs, and P (n) is profit. Taking P (n) as zero and knowing the values of R (n) and C (n), one may easily determine the break-even point. The formula can be different from using only revenue and cost equations, noting that profit is zero: T = ((R (n) – C (n)) * n) Thus, at the point of break-even, the company’s income covers expenses. If the break-even point is exceeded, the enterprise receives the profit, if the break-even point is not reached, the enterprise incurs losses (Ahuja, 2017). The break-even point calculation allows enterprises to determine the minimum limit for sales and production of goods. This model can be used well for large enterprises that have a stable market. Such calculations also determine the safety zone – the enterprise’s distance from the critical level at which profit is zero. Reference Ahuja, A. (2017). Managerial economics (Analysis of managerial decision making) (9 th ed.). S CHAND & Company Limited.
Introduction The production of a movie is often challenging for directors in the face of rising expectations from the audience. In fact, the directors are faced with the demand to produce movies of better quality than the previous film. This calls for the director to secure a better script leading to the total departure from the established sequence, strategies, and tactics that the audience observed in the previous films. Prior to the release of The Lost World Jurassic Park (1997), Spielberg had not directed people-eating monsters that thrilled the audience with horror. The previous movie was the Oscar-winning Schindler’s List. During the last days of filming The Lost World, he declared that he wanted to be swinging between leisure movies and social-conscious films. True to his word, it became evident when he directed Catch Me If You Can (2002). Thesis Movies made by the same director may be similar in some aspects, but different in other aspects. This essay seeks to compare and contrast two movies directed Steven Spielberg namely The Lost World Jurassic Park and Catch Me If You Can. Main Body The movie industry is dynamic in many aspects that result in movies that are entirely different despite being produced by the same studio or director. This was the case regarding The Lost World Jurassic Park and Catch Me If You Can be directed by Steven Spielberg in 1997 and 2002 respectively. Since the release of The Lost World Jurassic Park (1997), catch me if you can be one of the most fascinating screen versions of the 80’s bestsellers. It is about a global con artist and a swindler. The lead actor was the world’s youngest person to be placed in the Federal Investigation Bureau’s list. Jurassic Park is based on the Jurassic Park Site B Island. A team of researchers is designated to the role of studying dinosaurs. During the study, another group of alleged researchers appears in the park with an incredibly different motive. The movie takes twists and turns as the story unfolds. On the other hand, Catch Me If You Can is based on several locations in the United States. In reality, the film was anchored on a real-life narrative. Leonardo DiCaprio plays the role of Frank Abagnale Jr. Abagnale was notorious for his tricks to achieve his personal desires. Conversely, Jurassic Park is loosely founded on Michael Crichton’s “successor” as a thriller whia le Catch Me If You Can is based on a real story. The script regards a story about clandestine dinosaur-invaded site. From a technical perspective, the movie is excellently done. In fact, it depicts dinosaurs looking astonishingly authentic. They can be seen plunging amidst the complete rotation actions. The movie is well made such that a motorcyclist cruises between the running monster’s legs (Romney, 1997a ). The monsters in the movie surpass the observable special effects. That is, they walk the park to illustrate that they have been there
Executive Summary Business analysis has been performed for Balogne Pty. Ltd, a sugar products company, in three areas: business process modeling, calculations, and graphs creation inappropriate software (e.g. Microsoft Excel), and Web 2.0 applications. It was established that business process modeling (e.g., in the swim lane format) could improve the management’s understanding of operation; the use of spreadsheets helps gain insight into the performance of a company and its various components; and Web 2.0 applications can make communicating with employees, suppliers, and distributors more efficient. Introduction Balogne Pty. Ltd is a company that produces a wide range of sugar products. Ms. Erica Norris was recently appointed as a new general manager, and she is interested in understanding all the aspects of the company’s operation in order to improve business processes and strategy. As part of the work of a business analyst, three issues have been addressed in the presented report: the role of business modeling and process modeling in decision-making, the use of such software as Microsoft Excel for calculations and improving business strategies, and the adoption of Web 2.0 applications for internal communication and communicating with farmers and distributors. The Role of Business Modeling For such organizations as Balogne Pty. Ltd., business process modeling will help align operations with the business strategy by helping the manager sustain consistent processes while controlling the overall strategy. Moreover, it will help improve process communication by establishing a unified methodology and language for communicating information about processes and decisions (Flowers & Edeki 2013, p. 36). Another advantage for managers is increasing control and consistency through formalizing existing processes that have not been documented well or that have transformed into ‘informal knowledge.’ the most important benefit of business process modeling is gaining competitive advantage; with the implementation of this tool, companies tend to achieve better performance indicators compared to their competitors since they tend to refine and improve their operations through business process modeling. With regard to the benefits of using a process model, such as process flow diagrams, the general manager Ms. Erica Norris can clarify complex processes, get a better understanding of the performance, identify key participants, conduct an easy analysis of continuous improvement, and have an overall versatile process mapping tool with high levels of flexibility. A tool that can be used for the indicated purposes is a swim lane diagram that will reflect the process flow i
Freedom and equality are a prerogative of all the citizens in democratic states. The rule of law must be upheld and applied impartially to all the people irrespective of their color, race or social status. Oppression and discrimination of any kind must be eliminated to build a society that values freedom and equality of its people. The use of state powers by the political elite is a source of oppression, authoritarianism and disregard of human rights, freedom and equality of citizens in such states. States have used powers to oppress their citizens and as quoted by Kolin, the rule of political and economic elites which is oppressive must be abolished and replaced with a mass based democracy (94). He argues that the rise of the authoritarian state in the US, for instance, came as a result of collaboration between the presidency, Congress and federal agencies which worked together to oppress the citizens. Political elites have managed to consolidate their power through legal processes and institutions. The growth of state power undermines democracy and the will of the people, as argued by Kolin “As state power grew, there developed disconnect between theory and practice of democracy” (94). Authoritarian governments established federal agencies, legal processes and other bureaucratic governmental institutions for consolidating state power resulting in political repression. Emergence of state powers has led to the rise of authoritarian governments which have perpetrated inequality and infringement of citizens’ rights and freedoms. According to Kolin, the US government has committed legal, political and social atrocities against its citizens at different times in history (138). Inequality takes different forms and, as explained by Chief Joseph (1) in his speech to the congress, oppressions of his people in his time included forceful eviction of civilians from their land, impartial application of the law and racial discrimination. Further, according to Liliuokalani of Hawaii (1), his people joined the United States against their will and only consented because they could not match the power of the United States. According to Liliuokalani of Hawaii, the conquest contravened the basic rights and freedoms of the natives and their constitution by undermining the power of their local leaders. State power has been used to oppress civilians denying them equality and basic freedoms. States should, therefore, embrace democracy and eliminate political elites who lead states to authoritarianism. World trade center, what science and physics said about it? Use of state power to cover atrocities perpetrated by the government is wrong and must be discouraged. The American government through various state agencies was directly involved in the process of concealing vital data and information about the 9/11 attack. The report and findings submitted by the commission formed to investigate the incidence are inconsistent with many scientific theories and lack any scientific basis. The analysis of the in
Recently, the US government has exerted pressure on China to undervalue its currency. Since 1995, China has kept a fixed exchange rate of $1:8.28 renminbi. Consequently, the US considers China’s fixed exchange rate as a barrier to international adjustment and transmission of price indicators. This phenomenon creates a risk to the United States’ economy. The legislation that was introduced in the Senate recommends that a tariff be imposed on Chinese imports if China fails to review its fixed exchange rate. According to the sponsors of this bill, 27.5% is the standard rate that must be used to undervalue China’s currency. Several reasons have been put forward to justify the introduction of this bill. For example, under Article 21 of the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade, member states of the World Trade Organization are allowed to take any necessary steps to protect their security interests. The argument in support of this bill is that the US interests and its manufacturing sectors are negatively affected by the artificially cheap Chinese imports due to China’s fixed exchange rate (McKibbin and Stoeckel 1). Some Washington insiders doubts whether the Senate bill will be implemented by the US government. Nevertheless, a number of economists argue that such an action is justified. For example, those in support of this bill suggest that the US manufacturing sector should be granted countervailing duties as a protection against cheap imports from China, including the Chinese fixed exchange rate. On the other hand, China has conceded that their fixed exchan