ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Whooping cough, which is also known as pertussis, is a respiratory disease marked by its high rate of contagiousness. The condition is caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacterium. Whooping cough is practically uncontrollable and features violent coughing fits that make it hard to breathe (Cherry, 2015b). Individuals with pertussis have to take deep breaths after cough fits, which leads to howling sounds. The pertussis condition is rather serious because it can affect individuals of all ages and even lead to demise among babies (Cherry, 2015b). The current paper aims to review the key concepts about whooping cough and outline the potential diagnosis, treatment, and prevention options. Background Information Whooping cough is a dangerous condition that affects a person to a point where the latter could be exposed to coughing fits that last for up to 10 weeks. As one of the essential contributors to serious illnesses in people of all ages, pertussis is considered to be one of the most dangerous (even life-threatening) conditions that affect babies (Aslanabadi et al., 2015). The current statistics show that at least 50% of all babies with pertussis require specific hospital-based treatment. The DTaP vaccine became one of the most effective methods to prevent pertussis in children and babies, while the TDaP vaccine is utilized for teens and adults. In order to protect babies, pregnant women are also vaccinated with TDaP (Cherry, 2015b). Regardless, vaccinated people may also spread pertussis and become infected. The difference is that the condition is much less adverse in the case where an individual has been vaccinated previously. One of the general treatments available to clinicians are antibiotics (Terry et al., 2015). The latter is utilized to slow down the spread of the disease and control the essential symptoms of pertussis. Whooping cough is an important condition because there are at least 24 million cases that affect people of all ages worldwide. A staggering number of deaths per annum (approximately 160,000) also makes pertussis a condition worth medical and communal attention (Cherry, 2015b). During the peak of pertussis in the United States in 2012, there were approximately 50,000 of whooping cough cases reported, but it may be safe to say that there is a similar number of cases that went unreported and undiagnosed (Cherry, 2015b). Taking into consideration the last five decades of pertussis cases reported across the United States, it may be concluded that the number of patients with whooping cough continues to increase for unknown reasons. This trend is most damaging among the patients aged from seven to 10 years old, with the other groups remaining affected by a drastic increase in the number of pertussis infections as well. Risk Factors Even though whooping cough may affect individuals of any age, the high-risk populations include several categories of potential patients:   * People who did not take a whooping cough booster wi
Learning math is not an easy task for many students, especially if they are of a young age. It is not always interesting to deal with numbers and develop various calculating activities to meet educational standards and get high grades. However, students have to learn mathematics as an obligatory part of the elementary school system. Therefore, to facilitate a learning process and raise students’ interest, teachers offer various practices and improve their understanding of children’s needs, abilities, and expectations. The examples introduced on video lessons show that teachers may cooperate with children in a variety of ways. Still, the main task is to involve students in a learning process by giving vivid examples, clear instructions, and options to choose from. In this paper, the attention to three teaching strategies, which are explicit teaching, developmental activities to support a diversity of levels, and reflection, will be discussed and explained through the prism of mathematics classes and teachers’ intentions to improve their classroom work. Motivation and interest are the two crucial aspects of student education. It does not matter what subject has to be learned or what activities must be developed, teachers have to make sure that their students are ready and eager to participate in classroom activities. In both videos, teachers make use of explicit teaching as the main learning practice for their students to be offered. This type of learning aims at directing student attention towards certain subjects and topics in the already established learning environment. In math classes, it is not enough for teachers to provide students with an opportunity to learn new material and follow the given instructions (Selling, 2016). Explicit learning is used to make mathematical practices interesting to students through real-life representations, generalizations, problem-solving, and justifying (Selling, 2016). When students can use their own examples and explanations of the theoretical material given, it is easy for them to realize why all these tasks cannot be ignored, and what the essence of all these tasks is. Another significant step in classroom learning is the attention to developmental activities in ter
Abstract The situation of working mothers is very engaging with major curls and turns, numerous actions, feelings and various approaches. Although, women struggles to secure job opportunities and contribute to the economy where they live, challenges such as socio- economic factors, government legislative among other factors restrict their opportunities towards achieving their goals. This is in contrast with men. In Saudi Arabia, government policies and sociocultural aspects favors men, hence, more they benefit with more opportunities in terms of employment. However, in United States, fairness and lack of socio- cultural restricts allows both men and women to have similar opportunities in terms of employment. This paper, through the findings, asserts that, in societies where strong legislation, social systems and economic structures are present, more women can be granted more opportunities, thus competing effectively with their male counterparts besides contributing to the economic wellbeing of their nations. Introduction The responsibilities of a working woman are very challenging and especially if she is a mother. A mother has to cultivate emotional strength and embrace the power of determination within her, to balance most of her demanding schedule. Kestenbaum (2004) notes that, with about 70 million women working and 62%, most working mothers find it extremely difficult to infer a balance between working and the traditional roles at home. Thus, combining house chores and career is the reason behind why more working mothers presently are diagnosed with more stress than working fathers (Kestenbaum, 2004). However with efficient and appropriate government legislation, equality and elaborate system encompassing all genders, women responsibilities can typically reduce, thus aiding in a more independent and productive environment which promotes economic and personal development. Through literature review, observation, reports and survey, this research paper compares men and women participation in Saudi Arabian and the US labor force. The paper also identifies causes of poor participation by women in the Saudi labor force. Further, the paper compares the socio cultural and legislative measures in the US and Saudi Arabia. Purpose The purpose of this research is identifying whether mothers in Saudi Arabia are participating equally as their men in labor and compare this comparison with what is experienced in the US. The research will then determine the causes of the differences. Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used in the collection of data. Methodology This research paper mainly relied on literature review, observation, reports and survey available on similarities between working mothers in Saudi Arabia and United States. These documents were used to compile data in this research paper. For the most part, correlation between working mothers in US and Saudi will be studied. Rationale A survey of Saudi Arabian job market discloses immense challenges and prospects. According to Women Living under Muslim Laws (2010), a study carried out in 2007 revealed that 85.6 % in employment were mostly men. Women labor force ha
Introduction The incident which occurred on Tuesday 20 th April 1999 has been simply referred to as the Columbine High School Massacre. At the center of the killing were two students, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris. The two went on a killing spree; killing twelve students and a teacher and injuring twenty-four others before turning the gun on themselves and committing suicide. The incident was ranked fourth-deadliest in the history of United States after the Bath school case in 1927, Virginia Technical College disaster of 2007 and the University of Texas, 1966 Massacre (Cullen, p.214). The incident elicited a heated debate on the law on gun control and gun violence, among the youth. Also included in the debates were the high school cultures and subcultures, cliques as well as bullying; the role played by violent movies available to everyone in the movie stores were also discussed. This essay paper will look at the case of the Columbine Massacre and draw emphasis on Rachel’s challenges, a program that was established to address the above-highlighted problems impacting the youth regarding the overall security of schools, morals, gun culture, teenage internet use and effects of violent games and movies. The Killings According to a witness statement, the first victims of the gun-wielding duo were Rachel Scott and Richard Castaldo, who they found taking lunch on a grassy loan at the Western Entrance. Rachel died on the spot while Castaldo was critically injured. Some reports hold that the rampage targeted Christians, and that the gunmen first asked Rachel if she believed in God, and when she replied affirmatively, the shooting began…she received four deadly shots at a point-blank range and her friend got eight. A lot has been said about the experiences of Rachel Scott, but none could be satisfying were she around to give her own account of the real ordeal. The best next character though to fill her shoes was therefore her father, Darrel Scott. Darrel gave a powerful speech, which was deeply personal and quite penetrating worth being listened to by parents, sociologists, psychologists, educational experts and all professionals at every level. The challenges faced by Rachel during her life were just a manifestation of the existence of evil and good forces in the society, and while the good can not be differentiated or rather be appreciated in the absence of bad, it should be eliminated by any means possible. The resultant of what happed was more of a spiritual force, something which Rachel alone could not counter, but called for the intervention of the whole society to address (Brown and Rob, p.3). Rachel’s Experiences Rachel’s kindness and compassion could never be marched, through an organization started by her parents–Rachel’s Challenge, individuals have learned to make the best out of their lives and create a positive environment for themselves. By bringing back the memories of Rachel to the scene, it helps teens as well as parents to realize the benefit drawn fr
Introduction In the modern world of the industrialized international community, the state of the country is often dictated by the level of technological and economic achievement. Through the course of human history, the western world can be considered as the dominant region when it comes to economic prowess. But the past century had paved the way to the development of the oldest civilization in the Asian region and the East. Included in the countries that can be considered and viewed for potentialities when it comes to being an economic power are China and India. There are different important issues that are related to the identified spectacular rise of the economies of China and India. Included in such issues is the decline in the economy of the United States and the deindustrialization of the European region. This cannot be considered a complicated issue due to the fact that it is not a sole issue on the economic aspect. The transfer of control and reign in the world economy is predicted by many to be away from the western region and towards the eastern regions. Due to the waves that were created by the said issue in different forms of media, the query can be considered important specifically in the study of the economic status and environment of the modern era. Thus, the main objective of the study conducted is to present reasons and possible evidence that can aid in the consideration of the issue as being logical or on the other hand myopic. The Rise of the East The main concern in the study that was conducted is the perceived rise of the countries from the east such as China and India. The said trend was observed when the jobs and industrial tasked are undertaken in the Asian countries wherein the cost for labor was considered as lower compared to the Western nation. Due to the said trend, there are 2 issues that can be considered to be related to the query. The trend had been initiated by the rise of Japan earlier than the countries such as China and India. But the trend presented by Japan can be considered as a trend set up by the ancient and largest civilizations in Asia. Basically, the two main countries rising into power in the modern era can be considered to have one of the oldest civilizations in the world. China China is one of the countries in Asia that is projected to have an important role in the future economy. The past century can be considered as the greatest witness to the continuous improvement of capabilities. During the 1970s, China was observed to have a significantly high percentage of economic growth through it used to be considered as one of the countries with economic difficulties during the past centuries. It can be considered as an unprecedented event that by the turn of the century, China was able to be one of the strongest economies in the world (Pumphrey, 2002, p.1; Weiming, 2000). Simple examples that can be sighted include the Chery automobile that was considered to have caused a shift in the industry and attracted global partners. This is important
Privacy is a term that refers to the right of being left alone. This is therefore a comprehensive right that must be valued and respected. Privacy, therefore, can be described as a fundamental right of human beings where it mandates that every individual should be given his/her right to make personal decisions regarding their own intimate matters, a life an individual wants to live as well a right to choose whether to be involved in some activities or not example drug testing, electronic surveillance among others. To begin with, the first fundamental reason why privacy should be valued is the reason that privacy contributes to human dignity which in a greater sense implies that privacy is essential to each person’s personal individuality as well as personal self-worth. Privacy, therefore, is an important tool in protecting an individual reputation since when one personal life is known publicly one loses his/her own respect. Privacy, therefore, can be seen as a tool that is core to human dignity since the more a person’s privacy is invaded the more the individual loses the two central components of dignity and individuality which are respect and command from others. Furthermore, when our innermost selves become the subject of knowledge and criticism of others the resulting social pressure quickly erodes away a person’s individuality. In addition, exposing a person’s private matters to the public is an essential tool that will make many people afraid to turn away from what society endorses with a fear that the individual will be the subject of criticism or attack. This, therefore, means that individual matters should be kept secret for an individual to be able to freely survive within a given group. Since some constraints are necessary for any society to function as well as some limitations imposed by society benefit an individual by teaching the individual to practice some norms and respectable values. This may be of no benefit to society in case people can know personal things about everyone else since it leads to difficulties in sustaining individual identity and uniqueness. The second important point as to why privacy should be valued is the fact that privacy is the heart of mutual trust, friendship, tolerance, and creativity. If all privates issues concerning a person or business were to be revealed by one of your closest friends this will create a situation where the confidence one has in-person fates away since someone will think twice before trusting that person or treating that colleague as a friend. Furthermore, privacy enables a person’s creativity to flourish for it protects against other people from interference by others since privacy acts as a prerequisite for a free and tolerant society since each person has her/his own secrets which concern her./his weaknesses that they are not to be revealed to the changing and competitive world. Since such revelation of a person’s weaknesses may lead to the shattering of individual dreams since it will create a situation where other people in the society takes advantage of that person to ri
The modern business environment has been pervasively influenced by radical decision-making processes that seek to expand the operations of firms beyond the narrow regional scope. Although the Born Globals are purported to have superior financial access, the same might not guarantee their success in the dynamic global market. The essay offers a critical comment of the given article by suggesting latest information, methods of analysis, or theoretical approaches that might contribute to the writer’s reasoning. Although we may argue that access to a huge pool of financial resources is an added advantage to firms that operate at the global level (Born Globals), the authors should have also discussed the importance of sound financial management in the success of global firms. The article should indeed argue along with other positive management attributes that lead to the success of global firms. Internationalization and globalization are two distinct levels of business operations that have not been distinguished in the article for the benefit of the target audience. Although the authors argue in favor of the Born Globals, management-related skills can be accessed by SMEs that are run at the international level. The Born Internationals can realize similar benefits even though the authors are arguing in support of Born Globals. Venture capital and external business partners should not be the only factors that strengthen the operations of Born Globals. In any case, the failure rates of these organizations are sometimes quite high. The article does not present the reasons why Born Globals are bound to fail than Born Internationals. Through Research and Development, Born Internationals can experience exponential growth rates when social and economic growth factors are favorable. Reference Martelli, Joseph T., and Patricia B. Abels. “Multinational Corporations: The Changing Landscape.” Management Research Review , vol. 34, no. 8, 2011, pp. 889–909. Crossref . Web.
The leadership style employed by a manager determines employee job satisfaction, motivation, and performance. In nursing, transformational leadership (TFL) generates numerous benefits for both nursing students and patients. Leaders who utilize the TFL theory create a healthy work environment that motivates nurses, which leads to better patient outcomes (Boamah et al., 2017). Since they possess qualities such as good communication skills, respect for employees, charisma, and openness to new ideas, they empower their juniors to perform more than is required of them. Nurses respect and trust their leaders to guide them and steer the organization towards positive changes (Krepia et al., 2018). Your current manager displays the qualities of a transformational leader. She is attentive to your experiences and preferred learning styles, which demonstrates individual consideration. By encouraging you to pursue education as a family nurse practitioner, she stimulates you intellectually. Your manager embodies all the positive traits of a good leader and will definitely have a positive influence on your professional and personal life. On the other hand, laissez-faire leadership is viewed as passive. According to Trépanier et al. (2019), it is linked to destructive leadership and poor employee health. Leaders who employ this style do not typically motivate their juniors to perform well. Instead, they are unclear about employee expectations, goals, and standards (Rahbi et al., 2017). They expect employees to identify problems and find solutions to them. Consequently, laissez-faire leadership is linked to job dissatisfaction and high turnover. In healthcare, this leadership style is detrimental to professionals such as nurses as well as patients. Your former manager employed this leadership style, which proved ineffective. It resulted in low employee morale since nurses felt as if the organization had no leaders. This is expected when leaders leave their juniors to self-manage. In healthcare, it is better to take a hands-on approach to leadership and motivate people towards desired outcomes rather than employing a passive style.