ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Data coding is an important stage of conducting a qualitative study because it allows a researcher to organize ideas into specific coding hierarchies. Such structures contribute to clarifying the main themes and purposes of the project, locating concepts for transformation, and defining common patterns between pieces of information (Bazeley, 2007, p. 99). At this point, identifying concepts of a theme can create perspective for building broader contexts where several concepts can be united. These united patterns are presented as nodes that are organized as a result of coding process. While using NVivo 9, it is possible to arrange data in accordance with existing patterns and introduce a logical structured piece of information. The software will allow a research to turn the coding process into a set of systematic stages. Before proceeding with a coding process, it is purposeful to select the resources and materials that will be used for the synthesis. While overcoming all the stages of using NVivo, I have experienced both advantages and challenges. This is of particular concern to sorting out information and turning it into meaningful ideas. Specifically, the main benefit of using the program is a possibility to apply to different approaches while coding interview answers (Tutorials, 2011). I found it useful to restructure my interview so I could see all answers together to find out how those differ from one another. I could also create nodes and annotations. Another benefit of using NVivo was a possibility of creating themes automatically and defining the most frequently used words. It was also possible to organize data in accordance with demographic data because there was an option of classifying the participants according to gender, age, nationality, and location. In such a way, the software allowed me to look at the chart where answers were presented along with demographic characteristics. Overall, it took me much less time for organizing the participants’ responses into a set of nodes. Despite the existing advantages, there were some technical constraints that I had to overcome to smooth over the coding process. Specifically, I was challenged by the actual process of activating and using the software. However, when I referred to the frequently asked questions and answers, I realized that other researchers had the same concerns. Hence, the most popular questions were associated with the problem of starting the coding an
Discussion Diarrhea is a condition that is characterized by frequent passage of watery stool. It is the way one’s body gets rid of substances that are harmful (Collins 121). When one has diarrhea, the body quickly flushes out food containing bacteria or viruses. One may also suffer from diarrhea when he or she takes certain foods that don’t agree with them. Diarrhea complications normally last a day or two and in most cases reside without complications. If diarrhea persists on for more than five days, one may have a medical problem that requires attention. Persistent and serious cases of diarrhea may lead to severe dehydration and may also cause electrolyte imbalances (Niedert 68). Thus, the patients must get medical attention within three days to avoid rapid and dangerous dehydration. Chronic and excessive diarrhea can result to weight loss and serious malnutrition. Quite often, persistent cases are followed by symptoms such as; cramps, fever, or dyspepsia (DeBruyne 517). These symptoms help in diagnosing the causes of diarrhea. This paper discusses the diarrhea causes, and its medical treatment. Causes of Diarrhea Diarrhea is a disease of different medical conditions. Diarrhea complications can be induced by infectious, dietary substances or medications. The condition occurs due to inadequate re-absorption of fluids in the intestines, sometimes accompanied with rise in intestinal secretions. Majority of diarrhea complications are classified under osmotic or secretory diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea occurs as a result of unabsorbed nutrients or other substances attracting water to the colon and increasing fecal water content. In effect, this causes deficiency in lactase, enhanced intake of sugar that is poorly absorbed such as fructose, sorbital, and ingestion of laxatives that have magnesium or phosphates (DeBruyne 518). In secretory diarrhea, fluids secreted by the intestine surpass the amount that can be re-absorbed by intestinal cells. Secretory diarrhea is often caused by bacterial food poisoning. It can also occur as a result of various chemical substances and inflammatory conditions (DeBruyne 518). Diarrhea can also be caused by motility disorders; rapid movement within the colon shortens the contact period required for fluid re-absorption, whereas slow movement within the colon may enhance bacterial overgrowth and thereby alter intestinal secretions. Diarrhea of acute nature normally occurs suddenly, and may persist for several weeks. In most cases, suc
Auditing Risks The client’s knowledge of the materiality thresholds that the auditor may apply when auditing the firm is very risky. The client may subvert the intention of the auditing procedures or may as well sabotage the integrity of the whole audit engagement. Since auditors may acquire the client personnel documents so as to save costs as they perform other audit-related activities and prepare schedules for conducting the audit, the client may interfere with the entire process. The client may conceal some critical information from the auditor thereby decreasing the sample size for the audit, thus lowering the auditor’s materiality decisions. The client is likely to present misstatements in organization’s financial statements. The client may also interfere with the evidence by manipulating the items of the financial statements leading to insufficient or misleading evidence during auditing. This is likely to interfere with the auditor’s judgment of the business risks that the client is engaged in (Strayer University, 2010). In North Face Company, Crawford was the company’s chief financial officer that concealed fraud from North Face Inc. independent auditors in 1997 by not informing them of the oral side agreements made between him and the barter company. Crawford’s knowledge of the materiality thresholds which Deloitte auditors would apply in auditing the company’s financial statement items and the adjustments that they would propose regarding the $1.64 million trade credits made him include the transaction, but did not inform the auditors of the $2.65 until after the completion of the 1997 audit. Katz who was the company’s sales vice president also arranged for the signing of fake purchase orders by the two customers who owned substantial amounts of North Face Inc.’s merchandise to deceive the auditors that the two customers actually owned the merchandise (Knapp, n.d). Guidelines for Revenue Recognition The guidelines that determine when a company is to record revenue are that the exchange transaction should be complete and again the production earning process should also be complete. This means that the goods must be manufactured and delivered to the client and payment must be received either in cash or receivables at the point of sale. According to Turner (2001), revenue should only be recognized after they have been realized and recognized by the company. For the revenue to be considered as realized and earned, there should be evidence that the arrangements exists; delivery sh
It could be hardly doubted that the role of the professional dentist has changed and evolved over the course of time. Dental science has progressed immensely over the past few centuries, and it is evident that these changes vastly shape the functions, performed by the dentist. It is possible to notice that the contemporary professional should not only physically cure the dental problems, but he or she should also be a good listener and psychologist, who is aware of means to motivate patients. It has a significant impact on the profession because the dentist is responsible not only for the physical condition of his or her patient’s teeth but also for their motivation to change their lifestyle and habits positively. Two videos under consideration represent the differences between the qualified, motivational approach and the one which is not helpful for the patient. This paper aims to discuss both positive and negative traits of the dentist, which are presented in two fictional interviews, and also to provide the examples of engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning (EFEP) approach. First of all, it is essential to distinguish between positive and negative features of motivational interviews. Both videos under consideration describe the same situation: Emily, a young girl, meets her dentist, and they discuss the oral piercing which Emily has recently done. The first video is an example of how one should not do the motivational interview in the dental practice. Several adverse aspects of the dentist’s approach stood out in this instance. Firstly, the woman, who is playing the doctor, starts the conversation with disapprobation asking questions and making statements, such as “what do we have here?”, “why did you do the piercing?”, and “you don’t need this.” Secondly, even though the dentist touches upon the adverse effects which can be caused by the piercing, she does it in the same reproving manner, just stating the facts without any evaluation. In general, it possible to observe that she does not listen enough to Emily, and, what is more important, she does not propose any plan or motivation for the girl to change the situation. On the contrary, the second video is an example of the professional approach to motivation. One could easily trace each of four primary stages of the EFEP approach. First of all, the dentist engages Emily into the discussion of the problem without judgemental observations. Secondly, she focuses her attention on the possible consequences of wearing lip piercing by asking Emily what does she know about the piercing’s impact. Thirdly, the dentist evokes the girl’s motivation to change by asking her what could be the reason for her to stop wearing her embellishment. On the final stage, Emily and her dentist set out a plan to monitor the influence of the lip piercing on the girl’s teeth to trace the adverse impact which could develop in the course of time. In general, it is possible to notice that the second video provides a pattern of successful and positive approach to mot
Introduction The story of the United States of America reveals a loaded history of different individuals who came here to start a new life; therefore, this has made the country to be composed of a marriage of cultures. Those who came to this continent were driven by different reasons. Some migrated willingly in order to look for new opportunities while others were forced to come here as slaves or as prisoners. The mixing and blending of these cultures has contributed to the unique American culture. Among the states of U.S., a rich distinctive multilingual and multicultural heritage distinguishes the state of Louisiana since it is has been the home of many ethnic groups of people for a long time. “Gens de Couleur Libres,” the Free People of Color, which are today commonly referred to as “Creoles” or “Creoles of Color” are dominant in the Southern Louisiana state and have distinct cultures (Cable, 1). Even though some of them no longer embrace their heritage left behind by their ancestors, some have preserved it until today. This paper focuses on the French Creoles of Louisiana and their unique lifestyle. In contrast to other ethnic groups in America, the Creoles never came from a native country. The word Creole was initially employed during the 1500s in reference to the descendants of French, Spanish, or Portuguese settlers. Most of these settlers were living in the West Indies and Latin America. The word Creole is borrowed from the Portuguese word crioulo, which refers to a slave born in captivity. During the early years of European colonial rule, only a single definition of the term was acknowledged. However, as the Creole people embraced differing social, political, as well as economic distinctiveness, the term was used to refer to other things as well. In the West Indies, Creole means descendants of the European settlers. However, some individuals of African descent are also referred to as Creole (Hall, 283). In the state of Louisiana, it refers to the French-speaking people of French or Spanish descent whose ancestors were upper class whites, many of whom served as officials during the colonial reign of the French and the Spanish. In the 1700s and the 1800s, the Creoles established a different caste that used the French language and held on to the traditional cultural attributes of related social groups in France. Most of them were Catholics. However, they were the first French group to lose their culture to a more “American” way of life and in the late twe
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict over the area between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River began at the end of the nineteenth century when a group of European Jews started to settle in Palestine, aiming to seize control over the territory. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has become a protracted, deadly, and costly confrontation that involved many participants among the Middle East and Western countries. While the countries of Europe decided to withhold relations with Jewish settlements in 1967, when Israel occupied Sinai, the Golan Heights, Gaza, and the West Bank, the United States has remained the peace broker that initiated negotiations between the Israelis and Palestinians in 2014. Although some political analysts believe that the reconciliation between Israel and Palestine will not bring peace to the Middle East, the comprehensive settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, if conducted within the appropriate framework, may pacify the tension in the Middle East and the international political arena. For decades, the international community attempted to reconcile Israel and Palestine without tangible results so that the peace process seemed to be elusive. The lack of trust between the longstanding enemies and the permanent power disparity in the negotiations that was caused by Israel’s military and economic preponderance did not allow for effective bilateral political dialogue. The lack of comprehensiveness in the U.S. peace-making strategy prevented the possible compromise between Israel and Palestine as it could not assist both parties in making the necessary concessions to reach an agreement. Moreover, the uncon
Introduction Wynn Las Vegas is a resort and casino that is built around the Las Vegas strip. The casino is named after its developer and cost $2.7 billion. The resort is one of the most praised resorts in the country and it has won many awards. The resort includes a 614-foot hotel that covers 454 floors and villas. The resort also includes a casino, retail space and a convention center. The resort has undertaken several initiatives to increase and maintain its customers. One of the methods that the resort has applied is delivering added value to its customers. This they achieve through various ways such as partnering with other organizations and offering the customers a time of their life. The ever-increasing cutthroat competition across industries and within industries has inspired many organizations to invest heavily in developing stable customer relationship. Less competitive business plants are finding it difficult to adopt themselves to the sensitive market hence losing their market share. To retain market share, it is important that an organization develop good customer relationship. Palmer (2008, p.135) cites establishment of good customers relationship as key to success in any service venture. In this regard, customer value addition has been cited as the best way of enhancing customer royalty. Customer value addition is the sum total of gains which an entrepreneur promises a customer (Wright & Lovelock 1999). Therefore, this report presents findings on the effectiveness of Wynn Las Vegas’ value addition in fostering competitive edge. In addition, the report will analyze the approach used by Wynn Las Vegas in its service delivery. Case Study Wynn Las Vegas is one of the world leading casinos and is exemplary when it comes to customer service delivery, customer satisfaction, as well as investment in infrastructure. Enz (2009, p. 167) asserts that Wynn Las Vegas property is the first Casino to receive both mobile five star and AAA five Diamond ratings. The facility has a capacity of approximately 2,000 guest rooms, which are perfectly furnished. In addition, the management of the Casino has always endeavored to focus on improving customer services delivery. This has been done by offering recreational facilities such as private drive, pool, elevators, and musical entertainment to all its customers. The facility has ultra-modern amenities and a sumptuous environment that are always furnished with outstanding service. The Wynn Las Vegas management is credited for their innovative ways of dealing with the customers’ needs. Wynn Las Vegas is furnished with the latest state-of-the-art in all its facilities. In its bid in delivering added value to its customers, Wynn Las Vegas partnered with Avaya to offer intelligent communication in its rooms. Stephen A. Wynn the chairman and CEO of Wynn resorts had this t
Role of Experience Into Future Goals Defining the key lessons that I have learned in the course of the learning process, I must mention the skills in conflict management, which I have acquired after handling a project that I and my colleagues had to deliver in the Tanweer United to display the methods of reducing the costs for the company’s logistics strategy, particularly, the transportation issues. In most cases, implementing a project requires working with at least one partner, and being in a team is never an impeccably smooth process – somewhere along the way, there will be conflicts and misunderstandings due to the differences in the temper, character traits, and mentalities of the project participants. As far as my experience is concerned, I had to deal with a problem of poor time management and the following conflict among the members of the team. The experience that I have gained is truly priceless; it can be linked to the key postulates of the social conflict theory tenets, as well as the basics of psychology and sociology. Indeed, choosing between the methods of conflict solution, I had to wander into the great area of sociology by integrating the key principles of the theory of cooperation and competition (Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus 24) and incorporating the basic methods of conflict management. Needless to say, I also had to utilize my knowledge of psychology to help the members of the project reconcile and work for the solution to the problem. First and most obvious, it was required to identify the source of the problem (as it turned out, poor time management and the lack of social responsibility have led to major disagreement among the members of the team). Next, the premises for developing open communication needed to be introduced; the environment for open communication was created with the help of recognition of the group members’ values and interests. Luckily, when I came to identifying the key interests of those involved in the project, each of us agreed to share a range of similarities in our goals (i.e., we wanted to finish the project as soon as possible and attain encouragement and recognition for our efforts). Besides, I learned that empathy was the key to solving practically any conflict; indeed, until I started analyzing the conflict and take actual measures to address it, all that I felt was frustration because of the lack of responsibility that my partners displayed. However, as soon as I realized what exactly made my partners slacken the process (i.e., the lack of confidence, the fear of failure, etc.), I started empathizing with them and, therefore, making a consistent effort to design the solution that would satisfy each of us. Even though the aforementioned experience concerned the dimensions of sociology and psychology to a greater extent than those of philosophy, the e
The concept of digital citizenship promises to revolutionize the way students engage with technology to achieve optimal learning outcomes. The concept refers to the capability to participate in society online and to use technological tools conscientiously, legally, ethically, safely and responsibly (Alam & McLoughlin, 2010). When applied to virtue e-learning, digital citizenship opens up new possibilities for building capacity and ensuring that students maintain a positive attitude to learning with technology. Having undertaken distance learning programs that required me to maintain discipline and responsibility, I am convinced that digital citizenship is important as it can be used to prepare online learners to become responsible global citizens by modeling the use of technological tools in a socially responsible, participatory and inclusive manner. The adoption of new technologies may face several difficulties. For example, education establishments that are located in poor regions and people who leave there are not likely to be provided with the needed equipment. Proximity to connectivity is also vital as there is no sense to apply something new if there is no connection with the outer world. Many people think that technologies are ruining our lives and try to reduce their usage; thus, they will be against any innovations. The availability of computers at home is a great and almost necessary advantage, which allows to use and adapt to the technologies (Adams, Michael, & Michael, 2003; Couldry, 2007). These gaps need to be addressed to ensure full participation and inclusion in the search of knowledge through digital citizenship. Universities should be at the forefront in facilitating global citizenship by striving for excellence, developing curriculum that exposes students to the trends and needs of an interconnected world, demonstrating leadership in impacting the world positively, and developing students who prosper in a global jobs market (Adams et al., 2003). The role of faculty in digital citizenship is to develop a preventive classroom environment with the view to discouraging academically dishonest behaviors, increase student awareness, and provide good role modeling (Robb, 2015). Lastly, the role of students in digital citizenship is to uphold academic integrity, develop and internalize ethical and socially responsible ways of using technology, as well as respect copyright and intellectual property.
Introduction ID cards, smarts cards, fingerprint scanners, and facial recognition software are among the most utilized methods of personal identification today used to verify a person’s identity. They are a necessary facet of modern day society due to the proliferation of criminal attempts at identity theft, false representation as well as a variety of other crimes where an individual attempts to falsify their identity in order to accomplish an illegal activity. While such criminal actions have been limited so far due to improvements in personal identification, the fact remains that as of late criminals have been improving along with the technology meant to deter them. This has resulted in a veritable arms race where governments and private companies continually improve security procedures to prevent criminals from either stealing another individual’s personal information or utilizing already stolen information for malicious purposes. Unfortunately, this back and forth fighting has negatively impacted ordinary individuals and consumers since in order to utilize their own identity for purchases, registration or government benefits the procedure involved has become a highly complicated process. This has resulted in the necessity of remembering a plethora of passwords and methods of verification, as well as requiring people to be on constant vigilance against identity theft which for most peo