ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Frederick J. Kiesler is considered to be a prominent architect, designer, and theoretician whose works grab one’s attention by their organic continuum. Combining mythological and miraculous forms, he created various buildings that inspire both architects and viewers. Kiesler’s oeuvre can be compared to those of Greg Lynn, who is a pioneer in designing ergonomic forms. This paper aims at the exploration of the two mentioned architects’ works, thus understanding their motivations towards organic forms. It seems appropriate to begin with a brief overview of each of the architects to compare their approaches and reasons. Kiesler’s Oeuvre The buildings of Kiesler are characterised by an indefatigable pursuit of balance between form light, and colour. For Kiesler, a building is like a human body: “a living organism with the reactivity of a full-blooded creature” (Sarnitz & Scholz-Strasser 2015, p. 137). The above statement reveals the first motivation of this architect towards organic creation. Focusing on his objects of art as on a human organism, Kiesler integrates them into a real-world, thus shaping a unique cosmos. According to Bogner and Noever (2001), this architect got ahead of time. In other words, his ideas and concepts were not entirely understood by contemporaries, thus losing an opportunity to be realised during his life. In this regard, only some of Kiesler’s projects were implemented and evaluated during his lifetime. The examples can be observed on the following Pictures 1, 2, 3, and 4. Picture 1. Space House, 1933. Picture 2. Universal Theater, 1961-62. Picture 3. Space Stage, 1924. Picture 4. Film Guild Cinema, 1929. As it can be observed fr
Introduction Nuclear energy is magnetizing renewed interest of society and politics due to its impending role in long-term agendas claiming to decrease the danger of global warming and, in a more universal, to achieve sustainable policies. Nevertheless, any project of nuclear origin gets the concerns up about the dangers connected with the discharge of radioactivity for the duration of accident circumstances, radioactive squander discarding, and nuclear bludgeons production. Then in the context of the probability for an innovative nuclear plan in Mexico, it is essential to create a policy to progress the social reception of nuclear power. This anxiety is restricting from an environmental and financial standpoint. Public Acceptance It is obvious that nuclear energy and renewable resources are the assures to aim to decrease the danger of worldwide climate change. Nevertheless, most types of renewable resources are not bloodthirsty when their prices are evaluated in comparison with accepted energy sources presently obtainable, and the charge at which those prices will be decreased in the future is doubtful. Nuclear energy can be a benefit in the medium and long term perspective, but the communal and public awareness of nuclear energy breeds anxieties about nuclear technology that must be directed to attain the public taking. Some researches have been conducted in the OECD states that reveals the necessity for better public partaking methodical and technical conclusion making, so the contacts with and within society on dangers and advantages of nuclear energy is a central matter for enhancing consensual conclusion making process in nuclear energy alternatives. (Blackburn, 1987) Realizing risk discernment, contacting the civil community on the matters at the chance, and connecting the society with decision making in an effective way is significant for the future of nuclear energy. The Nuclear Development Committee consequently involved research on those issues in its 2001-2002 program of work with the point of presenting policy creators with essential discoveries and proposals on the approach for a better realization of community and nuclear energy. The shortage of understanding and accord between the civil community and authorities on matters connected with nuclear energy may cause conflicting circumstances in some cases and will ultimately outline energy principles and supply mix alternatives that are not optimized from the perspective of the community as a whole. Enhanced communication between stakeholders exchanging and arguing vigorous data would endorse harmony building and generally agreed on choices. (Matthew, 2002) Conclusion In general, nuclear energy has been confirmed to be most helpful to our community. Consequently, of this practice, the USA has diminished its reliance on foreign-imported energy resources. The fact is that the United States and other nuclear states save about 70 billion dollars each year by means of decreasing oil-importing from other states. Nuclear energy has also been confirmed to be a defender of the atmosphere as CO2, gre
Why do you want to be a leader and a mentor? This question analyses the capabilities of an individual to be a leader (Dungy, 2009). This is a qualitative study of the types of qualities that are considered to push one to have the propensity to lead and/ or mentor. Qualities here imply individual capabilities or aspects that make one a natural leader. The variable scale of measurement is nominal. One can either qualify to be a leader or not. Do you believe you have what it takes to be a successful leader and a mentor? Please explain Many scholars insist that leaders are born (Dungy, 2009). This question analyses this aspect and how well an individual thinks they can apply these skills in real life. A leader should be in a position to identify these skills to utilize them. The variables being identified here are skills such as authenticity and ambiguity. Skills here refer to the adaptability of a leader to deal with different individuals and situations effectively. This is a qualitative property and it can be measured using the ordinal scale. What kind of mentor do you want to become? What do you see yourself achieving? Each leader has a vision and this is the variable being tested (Pue, 2008). The vision here implies the aims, goals, or objectives of the leader. This is a qualitative variable and it can be measured using the interval scale. For example; a person can decide to be either a harsh leader or a soft-spoken one. However, this can also be placed on certain intervals ranging from extremely harsh to minimally harsh. Who is the most effective leader according to you? How do you think they are effective in what they do? A good leader is one who has a good role model and this is the qualitative variable being tested here (Pue, 2008). It can be placed on the nominal scale depending on how well an individual answers the second part of the question. What characteristics do you share with the effective leader mentioned above that you would utilize? The variables being measured are the broad characteristics of a leader. They can be measure using the nominal scale. What have you accomplished as a leader and mentor so far? Success is the quantitative variable being measured. Success here implies the achievement of an individual as a leader and/ or a mentor. It can be placed on an ordinal scale. Have you ever failed to meet any goal? If yes, what did you learn from the experience? Failure is the variable to be measured. It refers to the crash or lack of achieving something. This is only meant to depict integrity on the part of the leader. The answer is whether or not they would agree to their mistakes. From your answer above, do you think you failed to meet a goal because you are a bad leader? This is where all the attributes of a leader are tested and how well they respond to their shortcomings. This qualitative variable can be measured using an ordinal scale. Do you believe that you have any weaknesses as a leader? Name them and identify a situation where they worked to your disadvantage, and how you overcame that. Weaknesses here refer to the shortcomings of a leader but in a broader sense. The interviewee iden
Diocletian and Constantine I were two significant figures who presented imperial affairs ending the era of anarchy. Looking through their life story, many similarities associated with their power and organizational style can be noticed. Both agreed that anarchy could be regulated by multiform power; being soldiers, they considered the reform for army covering its mobility necessary for those ages. Moreover, emperors Diocletian and Constantine I recognized Rome and Italy’s unsatisfactory base to resist and accept the imperial force. Another similarity between them is that both were convinced that the empire should worship the right god regardless of religion. Talking about the differences between the two emperors, some of them could be observed in their approaches. Diocletian followed Rome’s past and end periods, while Constantine considered future founding the history of Byzantium. In the Diocletian era, it could be seen that the precedents of power division that lasted until the 2nd century CE. The emperor Diocletian shared his power with his co-ruler Augustus, who, on the other hand, distributed control among other senior partners. In contrast, Constantine initially applied the rule of tetrarchy and, after its failure, introduced hereditary succession. In this system, Constantine replaced single praetorian prefects with regional prefects to divide administrative responsibilities. Their attitude toward newly emerging religions and imperial policy also significantly varied. Diocletian persecuted representatives of Christianity trying to revive the ancestral faiths. In comparison, Constantine converted to the new faith giving the status of “a permitted religion.” Diocletian applied a new economic approach by controlling wages and prices, equalizing currency to a new gold piece, aureus, about 60 pounds of gold. Diocletian’s reform, however, failed, opening the way to more successful reform, Constantine’s gold solidus. Comparing Constantine’s and Diocletian’s reforms, it could be noticed that Constantine’s strategy appeared to be surprisingly fruitful. Constantine’s view was revolutionary, innovative, opening new religions, succession style, and currency reform. His laws representation extended to the broader sense of hereditary that founded the system of collegia, also known as hereditary state guilds that featured late-Roman social life. Moreover, he required colonus, local peasants, to live in the place indicated by the taxes and provide report of current state of their estate. Constantine’s revolutionary approach had a considerable impact on local rulers gradually transforming the image of empire. Generally, the era of these rulers could be emphasized by the progress and prosperity of the Roman Empire on various scales. The reforms introduced by rulers led to economic and social growth. For exampl
Introduction Following the introduction of China’s market reforms in 1979, the country has experienced rapid urbanization and industrialization. Complementing these spectacular economic and social transformations is the globe’s largest internal migrations. Notably, the estimates show that 158 million people (women constituting 36%) had moved from rural areas to urban centers in search of paying jobs by the year 2011. 1 Using disposable labor and nimble fingers, the global capital has established a unique international division of labor which has transformed the People’s Republic Of China into a “world factory.” Besides, the global capital made sexual and class exploitation of women more complex, more mobile, and more extensive. This paper reviews gender dilemmas as part of complexities engulfing rural migrant women in the country that espouses Marxism – China. Authoritative speech A major dilemma that engulfs rural migrant women in urban areas is authoritative speech. Notably, authoritative speech is highly recognized, believed, and valued by the listeners. Mainly, the recognition of the speech depends on the status of the speaker, the form of the speech, and the status of the speaker. 2 Since rural migrant women lack the ability to speak with authority as urban people do, in most cases, the urbanites do not recognize their speech. Some organizations such as Dagongmei’s Home have been established to act as a site of articulation. Dagongmei’s Home helps rural migrant women to learn the manner in which they can speak with authority. 3 The primary objective of Dagongmei’s Home is to empower Dagongmei so that they do not submit to the language of white-collar women. Specifically, Home empowers migrant women through speech which in turn connects them to legal experts, media, social workers, professors, and women’s federation officials. Ironically, as Home empowers migrant women, it suppresses them too. In particular, the Home acts as a cage which contains and limits marginal voices by letting migrant women speak as Dagongmei instead of as people with prejudiced experiences. Notably, the Home does not allow or authorize all forms of the speech. Mostly, the Home selects particular women whose speech is favorable to promote the discourse which is based on Chinese peasantry representation. According to Fu, most of the speeches advocate for the awakening of Chinese peasantry representation for inactivity so “that it can undergo a pedagogy, the completion of which would produce a disciplined labor force with high suzhi (quality).” 4 Peasant identity Again, rural migrant women face the dilemma of peasant identity. Mostly, rural migrant women reject their rural identity and instead embrace “a more sexualized, urban femininity through a discourse of eating spring rice.” 5 For instance, during Dagongmei visits to their villages, they wear and talk differently to distinguish themselves from their colleagues in the village. Notably, it is not an easy task to discard peasant identity in reality because of women’s rural hukou registration, secondary and temporary status in the urban labor market as well as gender
The genre of Western fiction includes the stories of the American West. Some may characterize westerns according to their geography – the works have to be set in the Southern and Western states of the country (Hulse). Others narrow the classification to the ideas created by the genre’s prolific writers, highlighting particular characteristics of the main heroes and a number of historical (or fictional) events (Bakker). Nonetheless, it is apparent that Western fiction was prevalent in the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, losing traction as late as the 1980s (Miller). The reasons for such admiration for the genre lie in the history of the US and the ideas on which the country was built. To understand the popularity of Western fiction in the US, one has to examine the distinctive features of the genre. From the beginning, Western American literature told studies about people who came to America to occupy and tame the territory. As the country’s borders were expanding to the South, the main characters of the books were settlers, explorers, and outlaws who ventured into the wildlands. In the twentieth century, the authors Owen Wister and Zane Gray shaped the character of a western hero. In Gray’s novel, Riders of the Purple Sage , the main character is a man whose gunmanship and stoic personality made him feared by criminals and respected by the public (Bakker). Such qualities as individualism, chivalry, and honor were romanticized, and cowboys became the knights of American literature. Western fiction’s portrayal of the American heroes, as well as its appreciation for the vastness of the local landscape, made the genre famous because it created and supported a positive national identity. When reading Western American literature, Americans saw stories that were entertaining and exciting. Furthermore, the idealization of American values, the positive interpretation of history, and the familiar setting made westerns even more popular. Works Cited Bakker, Dee. “ Western Fiction: The Rise and Fall of Popular Western Fiction. ” Frank H. Spearman . Web. Hulse, S.M. “ Is the Western Genre Still Relevant Today? ” HuffPost . 2015. Web. Miller, Stuart. “‘ The American Epic’: Hollywood’s Enduring Love for the Western .” The Guardian . 2016. Web.
Steps of Personal Emergency Plan The first step is to develop a disaster-preparedness plan and to practice it with the family. The plan should highlight where the members of the family should meet in case of emergency. The plan should also highlight the special needs of every member of the family. This should include stocking medications and sufficient drinking water at the meeting point. It is also important to ensure there is a form of communication at the meeting point for the family to be aware of the events in other parts of the city. The information can be vital in helping the family to be evacuated safely by the rescue teams. There should also be a clear map of the escape routes to be used in every building. The family should also have a go-bag that contains copies of the medical information of the family members, their medical prescriptions, sufficient drinking water, and some cash. Everyone in the family should know where to go to find shelter. An emergency supply kit is necessary to carry supplies of food and water for at least three days. This should provide ample time for rescue teams to get to the family. The emergency plan should be available in every place where the family members spend most of the time. For instance, there should be an emergency plan at the workplace, school, and home. What’s your Plan? This video is quite informative about preparedness for disasters and emergency evacuation. The video reveals that ignorance can be catastrophic for families, especially if they live in areas that are prone to natural disasters. ‘Mr. Preparedness’ reveals that people should always take a special interest in the information about possible emergencies in their cities and states. The information can have a positive impact on people’s ability to prepare an exit plan to escape from disasters. The video also reveals that people should consider the needs of the children and the elderly in the family. For instance, when the family finally made it to the evacuation center, they did not have any games or entertainment forms to keep the children engaged. The video also touches on the need to have an emergency plan known by the entire family, including the children. Additionally, there should be a plan B for emergency response. Free Preparedness Programs The Red Cross has a program that looks into providing people with information on the development of an efficient emergency plan. The program highlights the various items that need to be included in the emergency plan and the procedural aspects of the response to disasters. The Citizen Preparedness Corps also has a program that provides educational courses to the citizens. The courses cover the preparation for various forms of natural disasters. Ready Citizens has a program that facilitates education in disaster preparedness for various emergencies, including fires, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Evacuees Experiences in Shelters Shelters are safe points during disasters, but they might be associated with several hazards, including lack of sufficient food, exposure to harsh
Introduction DNA is the abbreviated form of deoxyribonucleic acid which is a representation of the hereditary material of human beings as well as other living organisms (Russell, 2001, p.69). All living organisms contain the DNA material in their body make up. It is therefore the unique material that is used to differentiate people from others or even other creatures. For example, human beings will have a different genetic makeup from that of plants and animals. In addition to this, human beings will have different genetic makeup from other human beings unless they are of the same family chain. The DNA serves as storage of the genetic information in the form of codes. DNA information is thus of great importance in several matters and issues facing all living creatures such as research, breeding, paternity tests among others. This paper is therefore an in-depth analysis of the DNA structure, components, how it works and importance. The DNA Structure The DNA is made up of two strands that are located in the nucleus of most cells. Some DNA strands can also be located in the mitochondria of the cells thus forming the mitochondrial DNA. The DNA structure was first invented not very long ago in the year 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick (Russell, 2001, p.34). The two established that the structure of DNA can be well established by a right handed double helix. The double helix is thus made up of about ten nucleotide pairs on each turn of the helix. As mentioned above, the DNA is double helical thus one side contains a base while the other is a sugar phosphate backbone. The two sides of the helical structure are connected by a hydrogen bond. The strands of the DNA are parallel to each other because they are arranged in opposite directions. The bases of the DNA strand pa
Introduction The film “Kony 2012”, a 28-minute film by the ‘Invisible Children’ was created to promote the movement ‘Stop Kony’ with an aim of creating awareness of the plight of children in Northern Uganda, southern Sudan and Central Africa (Pallota 1). This is the region where the African fugitive Joseph Kony and his militia have been operating and executing inhuman activities against children and women (Curtis 1). The non-government organization ‘Invisible Children’ seeks to make Kony, who is also wanted at the International Criminal Court, globally known in order to facilitate his due arrests and trial (Pallota 1). Although it was short, the film went viral, becoming one of the most viewed videos on YouTube by the end of the year 2012. However, the film and the campaign in general have attracted criticism and controversy that is still a topic of debate. The film attempts to attract the world attention to view the inability of the leaders in the western world as being the major factor that has resulted in the inability to stop Kony and his militia in the region. Although it is a short clip, the film has made remarkable steps towards ending Kony’s evils in central Africa (Pallota 1). However, it is worth arguing that the film is misguided because it attempts to prove right that the political leadership in America and other nations in the western world have failed to contain Kony and his militia rather than accusing African leaders and the African union of failure to contain such a small militia. The film and the controversy: Why should it focus on USA? The Invisible Children’s campaign was successful, especially after it reached the United States Senate, finally contributing a lot to president Obama’s decision to send American troops to work with African union troops in hunt of Kony and his Lord’s Resistance Army in this region of Africa (Pallota 1). However, the film has created a major controversy due to its slick Hollywood values of production and its funding. For instance, critics have argued that the Invisible Children and its campaign “Stop Kony” believes that political leadership in America has the largest responsibility to contain Joseph Kony and his gang from extending their inhuman actions in the region (Curtis 1). The film tends to make the audience believe that the failure by the united states and other nations in the western world have either ignored the plight of children and women in Africa or are not willing to be involved in protecting the rights of children in Africa (Pallota 1). There is a controversy over the film’s intention to attack the United States in particular by making the viewers