ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The world has become a global village, thanks to globalization. Globalization is the process by which the world is moving towards becoming a unit, owing to the increased levels of technology. This has taken place in areas of communication, transport and trade. Today, people from all corners of the earth can communicate with one another using mobile phones and social sites such as Facebook, and Twitter. Countries have become integrated through trade to an extent that there are some countries that are depending on others for survival. For example, in the 2008- 2009 economic melt down, countries that have pegged their currency to the dollar were affected more than the United States of America. This was because they lacked enough dollars to carry out their transactions. How will globalization affect social welfare programs in the future? Social welfare programs are government initiatives that aim to cushion its citizens from the constant changing economic trends. Therefore, any time the people’s fortunes tend to decrease, the government has its machinery on the ground to deal with such cases. With globalization in place, Isaac (2010) points out that the social welfare programs are headed for both bright and dark days ahead. According to Miguel (2005), globalization has enabled people far apart share their ideas in regard to a cross cutting issue. As a result, they can share it to the government and if found appropriate by the relevant department, it can be used to improve the social welfare programs. In addition, Frances (2011) notes that globalization has brought about improvement in technology. As a result, management of the social welfare groups will improve. For example, he says that prior to the invention of the computers as devices for storing information, people used to have big and many files where records were stored. This led to loss of essential data. However, with computers, the future of social welfare groups looks bright because important information could be stored there. Globalization, on the other hand, is likely to contribute to the collapse of the social welfare groups. According to Isaac (2010), there are many people moving from one country to another to seek for greener pastures. He notes that, Middle East for example, has immigrants that are estimated to be about three quarters of the population in the United Arab Emirates and Qatar. Therefore, if the governments of such countries fail to have a proper planning for its citizens, such a program is likely to collapse in the future. Increase in number of cyber crime has been associated with globalization. This is according to Frances (2011), who argues that people have been hacking in others’ accounts with malicious intentions. Therefore, if the government fails to put in place enough security on its accounts, such people can ha
When considering a business promotion plan, we intend to use mass promotion rather than distributed promotion. This choice is based on the fact that the demand for our product will increase highly during the months of July and December than during any other period. An apparent reason is people tint the windshields of their cars in summer to reduce the effects of hot weather and during Christmas holidays people buy our product as a gift for relatives or friends. Therefore, our objectives are demand oriented as we want to increase our sales in the market during these seasons. Thus we plan to run a major ad campaign to reach all car manufactures not only in the US but also all around the world. The main focus of the message of our new company will be on the aspect of reducing the cost of having to tint windows frequently by using our high tech tinting method that comes with a five years warranty. Our strategy will be using an advertising promotional mix to stimulate the sales by 30% in the first six months. We also look forward to enhance the company image by generating selective demand by developing and maintaining the appeal of our product an outside advertising agency to provide a variety of advertising related services to client companies. The clients are the success key of our product and we intent to get this job executed by hiring an ad firm which with clients will facilitate the devising of their advertising plan by including themes, media choice, copywriting and more other tasks. Our approach to budgeting will focus on evolving an affordable scheme and implementing it. Our company will prioritize expenditures and investments, and all funds remaining will be spent as an advertising budget. Thus, we expect to reduce cost for the company in the first year of selling the product. From a global perspective, our company will embrace a method to establish the advertisement budget while expanding the scope of the product globally. We will control budgeting decisions from our world headquarters rather than allowing each individual market to devise its own advertising strategy and budget. We intend to make the campaign effective by developing themes that are consumer related. Thus the company emphasizes the theme of products or service help consumer. By evolving a thematic advertisement we tell the customers that our product will provide best privacy, style and security to them and their families. We expect this move to generate customer’s affinity towards our product and we can foresee the success of the product because we believe that consumer appeal describes a product in terms of consumer benefits rather than its features. The three selected media of the product will be commercial television, magazines and the internet. Determining the
Introduction The 2008 film The black balloon reveals the problems associated with raising a child with a developmental disability in a modern community. Depicting the chronic stress experienced by all the members of the family caring for Charlie, an 18-year-old autistic teenager, the movie reveals the deficits in the healthcare system of Australia. Due to the lack of formal and informal social support, Charlie’s mother Maggie who is also in the final stages of her pregnancy is overburdened with the responsibilities of taking care of her autistic son and managing the household at the same time. With the enormous overload and lack of knowledge on the existing coping strategies for reducing her distress and anxiety, Maggie experiences extremely high levels of stress and even develops preeclampsia which puts at risk her and her baby’s safety. This paper will discuss Maggie’s personal development from the points of view of Erikson’s and Hendry and Kloep’s theories, analyze the main predictors of Maggie’s stress and the gaps in the current healthcare practices which need to be narrowed for supporting the Mollisson and other families caring for autistic children. Maggie’s personal development and traits Maggie is a married woman in her forties raising two sons and carrying her third baby. Devoting all her time and energy to the management of the household and rearing her children, Maggie has difficulties juggling the demands of her family with her own needs for rest. Applying Erikson’s theory of human development to Maggie’s case, it can be stated that she is in her middle adulthood, the stage of generativity versus stagnation (Barkway 2009, p. 44). This stage is characterized with contributing to the next generation by caring for children and/or making a career. The stage of Maggie’s personal development can be interpreted as generative in terms of raising her children and managing a household. On the other hand, Maggie is a housewife and may have a sense of stagnation regarding the aspects of her self-realization as a professional and a bread-winner. Though parenting an autistic child can be compared to full-time employment, Maggie still may feel bound with managing her household. According to the estimates of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2003, p. 1), the unpaid assistance of family is equivalent to the work of 1 million full-time employees. Taking into account the fact that Maggie cares for an autistic teenager Charlie and is in the final stages of pregnancy, it can be stated that her current unemployment is forced and almost inevitab
Introduction Barangaroo is reckoned to be the last development of its size that forms the natural extension to the development of Sydney. Barangaroo has all the essential elements, which include scale, size and significance, to see Sydney stand tall as a global city. Sydney is a vital city in Australia, serving as the headquarters of many foreign and domestic banks, which employ a god fraction of their citizens. Approval of the Barangaroo project would help to enhance the standing of Sydney and Australia in their endeavour to acquire international and domestic investment, capital and leaders. This can only be achieved through the continued supply of premium office space with high sustainability standards (Barangaroo Concept Plan Modification 7 ). Physical features The Barangaroo development has taken into consideration the world-class sustainable standards, namely the carbon neutral, waste and water positive aspects. The leading sustainable practices put in place during Barangaroo’s development will benefit future sustainable developments across Sydney and the country. Barangaroo is capable of delivering about 100,000 square metres of mixed residential space that can offer around 800 new dwellings in the precinct. The accommodation of this significant residential population will work to activate the precinct beyond the working week. The inclusion of cultural space throughout the three precincts of Barangaroo can potentially help to activate Barangaroo and enrich the area for all dwellers. If approved and properly facilitated, Barangaroo also presents the city with a new western gateway to the CBD at West Quay. The ferry, bus and cycling links that are proposed will help connect Barangaroo with the CBD – and improve accessibility to the grounds. The new light rail links connecting Barangaroo directly with the Inner West are essential in servicing the potential workforce/ as well as other visitors to the site (Barangaroo Concept Plan Modification 33). Since the land is community based, the Barangaroo development project aims at ensuring a minimum of 10% affordable residential for the city workers. Design Barangaroo development will transform an unoccupied 22 hectare industrial site into a new arcade for Sydney with a new public Headland Park on the harbour and a thriving community, residential and commercial heart. On its completion, Barangaroo will significantly enhance the city’s economic, cultural and open space recreational qualities. The development is approximated to cost $6 billion, whose main role will be to augment Sydney’s standing as an Asia Pacific financial services hub. A prestige hotel, other visitor accommodation, extensive ground level retail and secondary services, together with an increased residential proportion including an affordable housing sub-proportion) of a total floor area is also supported in principle (Barangaroo Concept Plan Modification 35). The concept plan incorporated an
Introduction Ebola virus disease is a contagious infection, which emerged in several outbreaks in Africa in recent years. A major epidemic, which broke out in several African countries, such as Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia from February 2014 to December 2015, claimed the lives of more than 11 thousand people, the total number of those affected, including suspected and probable cases, accounted for more than 27 thousand people. The World Health Organization recognized the Ebola virus disease as a global menace on August 8, 2014. It is vital to analyze up-to-date field studies to reduce the spread of the epidemic and to aid effective treatment. All the scholarly sources provided in this essay are evidence-based studies of the Ebola outbreaks in Western Africa with credible statistic data and its analysis. The articles were chosen from the past five years, and they included keywords, such as “Ebola”, “contagious”, and “treatment”. A search strategy was completed using databases, such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ProQuest. The themes in this synthesis are mortality rate, symptom prevalence, patients’ recovery, and managing risks for healthcare staff. Mortality Rate Ansumana et al. (2015) discussed the differences in statistical data on mortality rates in two healthcare centers. The authors analyzed the mortality rate decrease among Ebola virus disease (EVD) patients. They carried out a case study of 581 people, who “had either died or been discharged after testing negative for the Ebola virus in follow-up laboratory tests” (Ansumana et al., 2015, p. 587). Despite the fact that the researchers observed mortality rate reduction in one of the healthcare centers, its reasons remained unclear. That is why they implemented a package of various measures. In conclusion, this study revealed that the fatality decrease is noted under the given treatment protocol. However, the effectiveness of the approach, which was adopted in the selected facilities, should be further validated. Symptom Prevalence Skrable et al. (2017) made a retrospective study “The natural history of acute Ebola Virus Disease among patients managed in five Ebola treatment units in West Africa” to examine the difference in fatality rate among various age groups. The authors stated that all research on EVD that had been conducted previously reflected only one set of symptoms and did not take into account their transformation. These changes occur over time; that is why it was necessary to study patients in different age groups. In other words, the aim of the research was “to expand our understanding of the natural history of EVD from symptom onset to recovery or death” (Skrable et al., 2017, p. 2). This, in turn, may lead to improved observations and clinical management in the case of Ebola outbreaks in the future. The authors studied 470 patients and divided them into several age blocks before the age of 45. Children younger than five years old were united in one group as the World Health Organization recognized them as an, especially vulnerable age range. After forming the age blocks, nurses and physicians
Introduction Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, known under the pseudonym of Le Corbusier, is considered one of the most important and influential architects of the twentieth century. The design of Corbusier’s buildings and urban plans paved the way for numerous architects and sometimes bureaucrats, who took his ideas and therefore undermined the value that the former had. One of the unique characteristics of the architect’s work is the way in which nature was incorporated into his architecture. The example of the Villa Savoye represents this characteristic and embodies the five characteristics of New Architecture as envisioned by Le Corbusier – supports, gardens on the roof, the open-plan design, horizontal windows, and the free design of the façade. These characteristics have developed in the architect’s style through the influenced that he had encountered in his education and the practice, including the Art Moderne and the Bauhaus schools as well as de-constructivism, structuralism, postmodernism, and brutalism. Thus, it can be hypothesized that the influence of Le Corbusier’s works on modern architecture was reflected in the five points created by the architect, the environmentalist approach to design, and the strive for simplicity. The five points approach means that contemporary buildings are developed based on the principles that the architect pioneered in his work. The environmentalist perspective implies the combination of architecture and nature in a balanced way while they strive for simplicity is associated with the elimination of embellishments and fancy ornaments. Background on the Architect Born on October 6 th , 1887 Charles-Édouard was showing artistic inclinations from his childhood. At age 15, he created a pocket watch that won the first prize at Turin’s International Exhibition of Modern Decorative, and only three years after that, he developed plans for his first piece of architecture. His study experience included the work with Auguste Perret who pioneered the use of reinforced concrete in residential architecture. The pseudonym of Le Corbusier was used in 1919 in an architectural magazine, L’Esprit Nouveau, in which he advanced the theories associated with the development of the Modern Movement, a school of architecture that emphasized the role of practicality instead of beauty. Within the architectural framework that Le Corbusier pioneered, his ideal house had to be supported by a backbone made of reinforced concrete, the idea brought by his teacher, Perret. The house had to be raised from the ground with the help of pillars to protect the concrete from the damp ground. This feature went against all design possibilities that were possible in the traditional approach to buildings. Picture windows had to run from one end of the building to another had to invite the natural light to the interiors. The flat roof was intended to be topped with a garden; therefore, every detail in the ideal home created by the architect had to benefit the lives of th
Introduction The health delivery system aims at increasing the access of health care to the people, improving the quality of such care while reducing the costs involved. This is compromised by the fact that the managed care system is based on profit making and because of insurance, the cost of health care has soared thus becoming a significant issue in the economy. Further, the aspect of mental care in managed care has been of concern to the health care sector stakeholders since it requires high costs to manage mental illnesses. In addition, mental illnesses have increased among the population and it requires urgent medical intervention. This paper provides the summary of the quality ratings that are applied in the quality assessment of health organizations. Additionally, it outlines the ratings of organizations as either low or high based on the quality assurance results. This summary is based on the San Francisco General Hospital, California pacific medical ctr-pacific campus hospital, New York Downtown Hospital and North Bay Medical Center in New York. Summary of Quality Ratings Quality assurance as Donabedian and Bashshur (2003) assert involves the actions taken for the establishment, protection, promotion and improvement of the quality of health care provided. This mainly encompasses the categories of performance monitoring and readjustments, and system design and resources. System design and resources look at the professional recruitment, education, training and certification according to the set standards in the sector. The issue of resources also examines the machinery in place and the general functional structure of the organization with new developments (Donabedian & Bashshur, 2003). Performance monitoring and readjustments on the other hand examine the use of information on the actions of a health care organization to form the basis of its quality levels. This involves the examination and evaluation of the actions of the organization in the promotion of health care such as involvement in research work (Shi & Singh, 2008). The quality assurance is also based on standards especially those set in managed care (Noble & Klein, 2000). Since the health organizations are service based, the quality is founded on their human and health services. The quality aspects examines the process of measurement of care, the results or outcomes of such measurements, the experiences of patients in the health care and the modes of payment and volume for the care provided (Shi & Singh, 2008). The ratings of quality in the health services are based on the standards of health already established, the legal requirements, process care measures such as the surgical care improvement project process of car
The novel, “The Great Gatsby” and the play “The Streetcar Named Desire,” contain two tragic female characters, namely Daisy and Stella, both of whom experience significant levels of abuse and neglect due to their spouses. Examining both women, one can see that their lives are a reflection of the attitudes of some women the present wherein in their pursuit of what can only be described as “false ideals,” they end up in situations where they experience abuse and heartache. It can be seen in the case of Stella and Daisy wherein in their pursuit of what they think is their “ideal” love, they are, in fact, pursuing nothing more than a false ideal that they have placed on a pedestal. In “The Great Gatsby,” one can see in Nick’s observation of Tom and Daisy wherein he states “…they were careless people, Tom and Daisy — they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money, or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made.” Whereas in “The Streetcar Named Desire,” Blanche states: “Blanche DuBois: What you are talking about is desire – just brutal Desire.” Both observations show how Daisy and Stella are merely focusing on what they believe they want; in the case of Stella, it is passionate love. At the same time, for Daisy, it is a comfortable life, yet in the end, both women wind up in situations that are less than ideal from the perspective of an observer. As such, Stella and Daisy are instruments of social commentary by their respective authors who are meant to portray the negative ramifications that dependence and unmitigated desire can have on a woman’s life. One of the most comparable characteristics of Daisy and Stella is that either woman can be considered “weak-willed,” resulting in them willingly accepting the abuse they received from their spouses instead of fighting back. For example, in Gatsby, the character of Jordan is generally portrayed as intelligent, articulate, and generally sophisticated. In contrast, in the Streetcar named Desire, Blanche is similarly described as a woman that is intelligent, articulate, and goes for what she wants. Such characters contrast sharply with Daisy and Stella, who are all too accepting of their respective fates. They seem resigned to accept the abuse/neglect, although they could potentially do something about it (i.e., in Stella’s case, leave Stanley while Daisy could file for a divorce). Both women, in effect, become trapped within their lives; however, they are unwilling to their lack of initiative and “nerve.” Another comparable trait that can be associated with Stella and Daisy is that both characters are initially charmed by a characteristic that they saw in their significant other, which they found “endearing” if not lovely at the time. The following quote is from Daisy as she laments on her marriage to Tom, “I married him because I thought he was a gentleman. I thought he knew something about breeding, but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe”. As can be seen, the primary reason why Daisy married Tom was due to her perception that Tom was a gentleman