ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Exposition The story about Faust is well-known and there is no need to describe in detail the story about a person who has sold his soul as the life has lost its colors for him. The German magician wanted to get knowledge, pleasure and powers without implementing any particular power for achieving the desired purposes. The moral of the story is whether it is good to get desired knowledge without God’s support or not, whether it is good to go in contradiction to the God’s will and rules (Wright 128). Faust did not want to live in accordance to the God’s rules thinking those too complicated and boring. To get to know something a person should study. To become powerful, one should be strong and posses some particular qualities which are to be learnt and practiced. To get pleasure from something one should also use his knowledge and apply a force. It is obvious that to have something one should offer something instead. This is exactly what Faust did not want to. Having a desire to avoid the God’ rule, Faustus went to Mephistopheles. Many people have a desire to get something without applying any force. This is exactly the idea in the story. The morale of the myth is that no matter how careless one is about the price he/she pays for the desired issue, this price is painful. In other words, giving money for products people spend earned money, offering the products instead of something they also offer their labor and time spent on getting those products. It is impossible to give something without consequences. Having a desire to sell the soul, Faust was sure that he is selling nothing as this soil was useless for him, but the specific circumstances showed that the soul was really important for him. The value of the sold soul is understood when nothing can be changed even though Faust wants to, having fall in love. This price Faust pays for knowledge, power and pleasure. Everything becomes useless and unnecessary, the action is believed as lack of common sense and too ambitious. Theodore Ziolkowsk in his work The Sin of Knowledge: Ancient Themes and Modern Variations states that Faust is “the authoritative myth embodying the sin of knowledge for [his] respective culture” (1). The author tries to prove that the sin of knowledge is one of the most important in the story. Considering this problem from the perspective of information possession, it should be noted that receiving knowledge without any attempt is one of the main sins Faust displays. This issue may be related to alchemy and other similar “sciences” where people thought that they have knowledge, but in fact they possessed nothing. Remembering the time when the legend about Faust was popular and when the play by Christopher Marlowe or by Johann Wolfgang vo
The concepts of culture, cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, and qualitative research methodology are essential components in the study of sociology. Culture is generally the way of life of any social group. This sociological perspective touches on the ways social groups think, ways they act and parameters that shapes their ways of life. According to Edward B. Tylor, culture entails morals, customs, beliefs, knowledge, symbols, and other habits that one is able to acquire as a member of a given society. Cultural relativism as a concept believes that the cultural practices of a person are relative to his/her own social affiliation. Anthropologists believe that no cultural practice is superior to the other as per its own circumstance. For that matter, no moral belief is considered wrong or right and does not supersede any other belief of a different social group. On the other hand, ethnocentrism is a sociological concept where a person views the entire world with reference to his/her social group. Here, one believes that his/her ethnic group is more important than other cultural groups in the world and measurement of one’s culture is done relative to his/her own ethnic group. Lastly, qualitative research methodology is a field research method that aims at bringing out the understanding of concepts of social life. The whole concept tries to answer questions of ‘why’, ‘how’ and ‘what’ of any aspect. For instance, the research by Professor Linton is qualitative in the aspect that it tries to unearth the cultural practices and belief system of the Nacirema people. This essay analyzes the concepts of culture, cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, and qualitative research methodology from a sociological point of view in light to the body rituals among the Nacirema. In addition, the essay will focus on the qualitative research methodology as used by Professor Linton in acquiring the beliefs and practices of the Nacirema people. Horace Miner’s article, “Body Ritual among the Nacirema”, reveals the rituals, habits and beliefs of the people of Nacirema. It discloses the whole life experience of man in that society. They believed that Notgnihsaw founded the nation. Notably, they practiced the culture of economic pursuits and mostly used the produces in ritual activities. The ritual activities centered on the human body that they believed was ugly hence individuals were to prevent the features through the influence of rituals and ceremony. Nacirema devoted shrines to assist in this process. So significant was the shrines that all families had to own one or two in their houses. On the shrine’s wall, Nacirema built a box where they kept charms that protected their lives. Nacirema had medicine men that were extremely powerful hence highly respected. The medicine men were given extensive gifts for prescribing curative potions to sick people. Notably, even the
The sphere of literature is enormous; it contains various themes raised by different authors. The works of literature are created by people in order to share their own experience, describe some events for the successive generations, and even to create beautiful myths which help the progeny to understand their history and origins. Thus, the myth is one of the literary genre which helped ancient people to understand and explain the structure and natural phenomena of the world, environment, people and other creatures around, the origins of everything and the reasons why and how it happens. As every literary genre myth includes certain characters which are aimed to make the description of the heroic adventures more vivid. So, every myth is the description of certain events in the life of the main character. Consequently, the protagonist must be opposed to an antagonist. The antagonist is a negative character who makes attempts to prevent the main character’s victory and success. Thereby, it is necessary to mention that every hero has an antihero who lacks the traditional heroic virtues. The protagonist can be represented by a human being that possesses negative features opposed to the main character; a mysterious creature (dragon, Cyclopes, giant, monster, or some other figure) which is extremely strong and enormously big, usually such creatures tyrannize inhabitants of the neighboring villages or demand more victims. The hero appears to be the only person who can defeat the monster or the villain that has become the threat for the whole kingdom. Moreover, the hero usually finds his significant other as the story progresses. But the reader can encounter another problem; the main character of the myth with all his actions throughout the story does not always resemble the description of the genuine hero. In this case the reader is not likely to meet the real hero until the end of the story, because only after all the adventures and challenges the main character becomes a real hero. Thereby, it is necessary to discuss several myths in order to analyze the main characters and their antagonists. Looking at villains throughout myth and legend gives us an interesting picture of the qualities that we try to guard against. Each character throughout myth and legend that is cast in the role of villain seems to have a set of characteristics that is common to all. The first myth that should be analyzed is The Epic of Gilgamesh . It is a mixture of tragedy, morality and pure adventure. Through the action the reader is shown a truly human relation of mortality, the search for knowledge, and the escape from the general lot of man. The gods cannot be tragic if they do not die. Gilgamesh is the king o
The selection of an Essay Topic is the first and the most defining step of writing a good essay. Quite often, assignments are given out in which the student is asked to write an essay on any topic that he/she wishes to write on as long as they are related to a particular subject. Generally, assignments such as these are extra credit assignments, and the student is asked to write quite lengthy essays. When choosing an essay topic to write an essay, it is important to keep in mind the fact that the essay has to have a theme and a central thesis to it. Almost no piece of text that you compose can be regarded as credible until it has a thesis to it. The thesis, in essence, provides the essay with the theme around which it centres. However, the essay topic has to be one that is of personal interest to the writer. Most people choose their essay topics without giving much regard to their own personal interest with regard to the essay topic. In cases like these, the selection of the essay topic becomes the first mistake performed by the student. An essay topic should be chosen with the following factors in mind.   * The essay topic must be one on which the author can competently write.   * The essay topic has to be one with which the author has little if not more experience.   * Research should be carried out before establishing the essay topic to ensure that it is an adequate topic.   * The essay topic should not be exaggeratingly easy.   * The essay topic should be in adherence to the academic level of the writer. By keeping factors such as those mentioned above in mind, a student can ensure that the essay topic chosen is one on which an adequate and satisfactory essay can be written.
Introduction During the Nazi regime, and particularly under Adolf Hitler, the European Jewish community underwent a massive massacre throughout the second world war of 1945, which has been named the holocaust. They adopted humor to comfort themselves during the dark times. This paper looks at the place of humor during the holocaust. Jewish Humour This is the Jewish long tradition of jokes in Judaism that dates back to the Midrash and the Pentateuch but it generally refers to the more recent group of verbs that were first used in Eastern Europe and developed into the United States of America over 100 years ago. Jewish humor is grounded in several traditions like the intellectual and legal methods of Talmud which uses elaborate legal arguments and situations to tease out the meaning of the religious law. It’s often traced back to the medieval influence of the Arabic traditions on Hebrew literature ( Yehuda Alharizi’s Tahkemoni) . Another tradition is the egalitarian tradition among the Jewish community of Eastern Europe in which the powerful were often mocked subtly (Saul Bellow). Jewish Holocaust It’s also known as the “hashoa” and it means completely burnt and is used to describe the genocide of Eastern European Jews totaling over six million during world war II as part of a planned program to deliberately exterminate and execute Jews by the Nazis Germany under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. Other groups that were also executed include the Romani, Soviet civilians, the poles, the disabled, political and religious opponents. The Nazis regarded the holocaust as the final remedy to the Jewish problem and the number exterminated has been agreed to be twelve million. Genocide and persecution were done in stages and the legislation to remove the Jews from the German society was enforced several years before the Second World War. Concentration camps were established where inmates slave-labored till death due to diseases or exhaustion. Jews and political opponents were also murdered in mass shootings while others were put into ghettos before being transported miles away in trains to death camps where they were killed by the use of poisonous gases in case they survived awful journeys. Nazi Germany’s arms of bureaucracy were all involved in the planning of the manslaughter (Dobroszycki, 1984). Holocausts Place in the Jewish Humor John Morreal, PH.D., describes humor during the holocaust as of three functions: critical, coping, and cohesive functions. He went ahead and notes that disaster on stage or in real situations is serious while humor creates a light moment. Dramatists like Shakespeare realized the worth of comedy that ‘it gives a different perspective o
Introduction Trafficking is a vice that bears at least four implications on any society that it besmirches. It has legal, economic, political, health, and social implications among others. Slavery dates back to the primeval history. The phenomenon has troubled humanity for centuries. The United Nations championed the plight of the victims of slavery when it abolished slave trade several centuries back. Currently, trafficking has been a rare occurrence because those who engage in it do not do it publicly. However, inherent in human trafficking is the upholding of slavery in different forms because a definitive element of the constitution of human trafficking includes the use of force or coercion in the abrogation of an individual’s freedom or human rights. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate these two interlinked variables to determine how they influence women throughout the world. Statistics on Women Trafficking and Slavery Trafficking of women is a significant segment of the global human torture, which primarily affects women and girls. The vice mainly takes the form of sexual exploitation. Despite the fact that many countries around the world have outlawed human trafficking, it remains one of the most challenging problems in the modern world (Mills 12). A report by Lee shows that women account for the largest share of human trafficking (Lee 23). The graph below indicates 49% share of trafficked women. Chart 1: Victims of Trafficking (Lee 23). While trafficking of women is a worldwide problem, it is highly correlated with gender and poverty vulnerability. Women are targeted because of their susceptibility in the society in terms of their gender and their disadvantaged socioeconomic status in many regions of the world. In this case, many regions of the world where poverty prevails serve as the origin of trafficked victims while regions that have a higher development and economic progress act as the destinations for the victims (Havoscope 6). In this case, Asia, Africa, and South America account for more than 53% of all trafficked women across the world (Davidson 244). The United States and Europe are major destinations for trafficked women. This plan completes the supply and demand chain for this crime against humanity. According to Shelley, while the majority of women are exploited for sexual exploitation, other emerging reasons for trafficking in women have been established (34). Further, these reasons vary in terms of their share from one region to another. For instance, in Africa and the Middle East, 53% of women are trafficked for sexual exploitation while 37% are enslaved in forced labor, servitude, or slavery-like exploitation. The remaining share of 10% comprises women who are trafficked for other forms of exploitation such as organ removal and marriages (Davidson 251). In America, sexual exploitation accounts for 48% while forced labor and servitude account for 47%. The remaining 4 % constitutes women who fall under the other forms of exploitation. In East Asia, South Asia, and the Pacific
Topic One Nurses use quantitative studies in assessing the cause and effects of measured concepts. Quantitative studies use measurement tools for converting information into numbers. In this topic, nurses will numerically justify the relationship between the wearing of protective gears on children cyclists’ and the increase in accidents to the children cyclists’ in Summerville. The problem in the study is the increase in accidents for the children cyclists’, which drives to the research question, “Does wearing of protective gears on children cyclists’ reduce the bicycle accidents in Summerville?” According to Polit and Beck (2010), nurses will have an interest in understanding more fully the cause of the increase in accidents among the children cyclists’ in Summerville (Polit & Beck 2010). The variable of investigation in the study is wearing and not wearing of cyclist protective gears, which include helmet and highly visible clothing. The sample selection will involve defining the age group of the study participants, and ensuring the study participants are residents of Summerville in making sure the study has external validity. The variables that may affect the internal validity of the study are the gender, the attitude and the numbers of the study participants. The children participants should reflect the whole population of children cyclists’ in Summerville (Polit & Beck 2010). Topic Two A qualitative study develops a theory through inductive reasoning of the human social realities. Qualitative studies are important in the nursing career since they form the basis of evidence-based nursing research. The lack of bicycle safety with children within the Summerville community study will involve identification of social aspects of cycling that have a direct effect on the increase in accidents on cycling children. The study will use phenomenology qualitative design to describe the reality of cyclist accidents with children in Summerville (Polit & Beck 2010). The design will help understand the patterns of wearing and not wearing cyclist gears among the children in Summerville. The data collection process will involve extensive interviews with the children and their parents, identification of the motivating factors for cycling and reasons for and against wearing safety gears to obtain trustworthy information. Polit and Beck (2010) argue that the interpretation and presentation of the data will evidently demonstrate the problem of cycling and the social concern of the community. Trustworthiness resembles reliability and validity in qualitative research in giving a holistic social phenomena view. On the other hand, the high credibility of results achieves trustworthiness of a qualitative study. Consistency measures the validity while applicability measures the reliability of the qualitative study (Polit & Beck 2010). New Topic Topic One The elements of effective leadership within a coalition are diverse and vary among the nurses. I agree that nursing coalitions require empowerment through an ethical leader. The nurse leaders should listen to the grievances of nursing staff and the
Introduction Marketing and its underlying thoughts and principles have evolved over the years. The evolution over the past few decades has widened the scope of this field. Such areas as business-to-business marketing, relationship marketing, and services marketing have become common in this field. Service marketing constitutes a major sub-discipline in this field. Contrary to the impressions created by the name, this sub-discipline covers the marketing of both goods and services. According to Bessom and Donald (1975, p. 45), marketing of goods is a two-pronged phenomenon. It entails the promotion of durables and fast moving consumer products. On its part, service marketing entails the promotion of business-to-consumer and business-to-business services. The current paper is written against this background. In the paper, the author conducts a case analysis focusing on the retailing sector in the UK. The clothing and footwear retail sector in this country is the case that is used in this analysis. The service marketing issues affecting this industry are critically reviewed in this paper. More specifically, the current study focuses on the competitive sector of sports apparel and footwear industry. The sports footwear sector is analysed in detail. Introduction to Service Marketing The concept of service marketing is relatively new in contemporary global market. According to Lovelock and Wirtz (2001, p. 99), the concept of service marketing introduces a new dominant logic in the entire marketing spectrum. Lovelock and Wirtz (2001) describe this new development as the ‘service dominant logic’. What this means is that promotion of services shifts the focus of marketing from operand resources. Such resources include, among others, land, plants, and animals. Service marketing introduces a new element of operant resources. The new resources include knowledge and skills. The marketing of services brings together many industries in the global market. Some of these industries include those operating in the telecommunications, health care, aviation, and professional services sectors. Others operate in the hospitality and financial services segment of the economy. Services constitute a major source of revenue for the developed economies. For example, such economies as the UK rely more on services compared to developing economies like those in Africa. As a result of this, it is apparent that service marketing is vital not only to the success of individual businesses, but also to the growth of the entire national economy. Service Marketing in the UK Retail Sector An Overview of the UK Retail Sector The service sector in the UK and other economies can be determined from various perspectives. For instance, Burt and Sparks (2003, para. 3) highlight one of these perspectives in their definition of the service sector. Burt and Sparks (2003) conceptualise this sector as the wider group of industries that remain when agriculture, mining, and manufacturing industries are removed from the equation. Going by this definition, it is clear that the scope of the services industry in the UK includes, among others, the transport and communi
I have chosen to discuss the Perseverance rover, designed to explore crater Jezero in the Mars 2020 mission. According to Farley et al. (2020), the mission of the Perseverance rover lies “in the deep search for evidence of life in a habitable extraterrestrial environment, and the return of Martian samples to Earth for analysis in terrestrial laboratories” (p. 141) In another word, the Perseverance rover aimed at astrobiology issues, manly collecting martian samples, and the finding proves for ie on Mars. Jezero crater was chosen for landing because several billion years ago it was “a 40 km diameter, few hundred-meter-deep lakes, with both an inflow and an outflow channel (Farley et al 2020, p. 142). Thus, scientists tried to find some evidence to discover evidence of some microbes and bacteria if they formerly lived on Mars to find evidence of life there. It became known that the Perseverance rover launched on the surface of Mars daring the COVID-19 pandemic. After the month spent on Mars, it became evident that some of the rocks are similar to volcanic rocks on Earth by their chemical composition (Witze, 2021). Scientists realized this because of Perseverance’s geological work: it was snapping pictures with the help of cameras and analyzing the rocks nearby. Interestingly the rover has a laser-based instrument to analyze the findings. For instance, the “instrument zaps rocks with a laser to vaporize small portions and study their chemical make-up,” which helps scientists of Eat receive the analysis results and produce conclusions or, at last, suggest some hypothesis (Witze, 2021). Therefore, scientists may become sure that the Jezero crater might have volcanic rocks that interacted with water for some time.