ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of observations about theory My focus child is a young girl expecting the birth of her first sibling. Such change in her life has several implications in her place in the family and her role as the only child and future older sister. Much can be reflected from the attachments established between a child and the significant people in her life. Several factors may affect such attachment. In the case of my focus child, the fact that she will soon cease to be an only child and the hormonal changes that affect her pregnant mother’s emotional states may threaten whatever secure attachment she may be enjoying at present. Infants are given the opportunities to form attachments, be they secure or insecure ones, become attached to the person very familiar to them. Most of the time, it is their mothers (Small, 1998). Children remain attached to their mothers or significant caregiver even if their attachment becomes insecure due to abuse or battering. A sensitive mother helps her child feel secure and a less attentive mother engenders insecurity. In the first few years of life, a child with a secure attachment can learn how to balance separation and reunion. He is unafraid when he is separated from her, trusting that she will be back for him. On the other hand, a child with an insecure attachment to his mother manifests panic, anger, and a desperate search for her, thinking that she will never come back. When the mother returns, a host of responses may be observed of the child. Some children would be delighted and warmly embrace the parent; others would appear to be indifferent, withdrawn, hostile, uncertain, or confused. The kind of response the child had led the psychological observers to develop the attachment categories of secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized (Small, 1998). Some factors that may disrupt the synchronicity of a mother and child may be mismatches between the temperaments. Clashing temperaments may create tension in the bond between mother and child. “Temperament is a biological predisposition towards behaving in certain characteristic ways. The mixture of the disposition of mother and child then is where biology and experience interconnect” (Small, 1998). In my focus child’s case, her mother’s pregnancy symptoms may be a cause of emotional upheaval affecting the child. Another source of tension or ambivalence in the mother-child bond is a mother’s inconsistency in giving due attention t
Life before, during, and after college is often confusing for students and would-be citizens because it is subject to misleading information. Prior to joining college, most students are led to believe that college is the missing link between them and successful life. Therefore, most students end up persevering college life in the hope that when it is all over, they will be paid back in kind. These two articles are written by individuals who have realized that they were probably misled when they were in college. Consequently, they are offering their opinions on the reality that college students should expect after they graduate. One article is titled “It’s Not About You” by David Brooks and it advises students that their goals in life should not be ideally centered on themselves. On the other hand, Scott Adams’ article “How to Get a Real Education at College” claims that average students are being taught the wrong things in life. While Adams’ essay points out inconsistencies in the learning process and Brooks’ article is centered on the fallacies of post-college career advice, both pieces represent the lack of faith in the modern college education and the politics that surround this phenomenon. The two essays address the misinformation that accompanies college education. On his part, Brooks addresses the common rhetoric that students are fed when they graduate from college. According to him, most commencement ceremonies “many graduates are told to; follow your passion, chart your own course, march to the beat of your own drummer, follow your dreams and find yourself” (Brooks 1). However, there is a possibility that this advice no longer applies to the dynamics of modern society whereby exploring oneself is more important than conquering the world. On his part, Adams says that it would be more fruitful to teach B students other relevant skills such as entrepreneurship. His main argument is that it is unfair to group all college students in one category and then proceed to teach them in a similar manner. Thi
Introduction An Introduction to the New Testament by Carson and Moo gives an in-depth summary of the NT books about content, authorship, genre, date, place of authorship, and audience, among others, within historical contexts. The text further draws parallels between liberal and conservative perspectives, considers dissenting opinions, and explains the theological foundations of the individual NT books in standalone chapters. It considers not only the theological contributions of the NT books, but also their historical parallels, literary styles, and sociological aspects. This paper presents a review of the text to paint a detailed picture of the theological and historical perspectives on each of the NT books. Book Review Chapter 1 offers a brief overview of the book. It uses a book-by-book approach to analyze the 27 NT books. Chapter 2-5 considers the three Synoptic Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. The authors identify the similarities of these books in terms of organization, content, and intensity related to the ministry of Jesus as aspects setting them apart from the Gospel of John.[1] Notably, Jesus’ “healings, exorcisms, parable teachings, and last-supper narrative” in the Synoptic Gospels are missing in John.[2] The authors consider the synoptic origins and historicity, literary forms, and a coherent message about Jesus propagated by the gospels. They conclude that the Synoptic books converge on their historical discussions about Jesus’ ministry. However, they diverge on the chronological relation between the episodes, an observation ascribed to the gospel authors’ temporal indifference. Chapter 3 considers the book of Matthew, including its geographic, literary, and structural markers, while Chapter 4 depicts Mark’s story as a fast-paced narrative and earliest Gospel of Christ’s ministry recounting His healing, exorcisms, and teaching. Luke’s account of the Christian beginnings, Jesus’ journey in Galilee, and later in Jerusalem, the crucifixion and resurrection are given in Chapter 5 in substantial details.[3] While the three Synoptic Gospels follow a common sequence, John’s Gospel dwells on Jesus’ ministry in Jerusalem.[4] John’s eschatological tone, contributions, sources, and audience are explicated in Chapter 6 of the text. Chapter 7 focuses on the Acts of the Apostles considered to be authored by Luke. The Chapter examines Luke’s account of early church history, miracles, and the spread of the Gospel in the Gentile world through the eyes of Peter and Paul. The authors identify the heroic deeds of the apostles and historical events such as Stephen’s martyrdom and the Pentecost as the genres of Acts.[5] They argue that the book’s aim is to edify believers by narrating how God’s plan was manifested in the early church. Chapters 8-18 focus on
Corporate America has been called to task for losing sight of the proper goals of the business: generating economic returns, obtaining the resources and setting strategy for competitiveness and long-run growth, briskly fending off competition within NAFTA and from overseas, and in all other ways ensuring benefits for all stakeholders of the enterprise. Instead, CEOs and Boards have been distracted in their roles of ‘corporate raiders’ or defenders at the drawbridge as they fend off unexpected attacks. Worse still, takeovers have often been followed by stripping and selling off “unrelated” or “underperforming” operations; as a result, the combined value of merged businesses went down in the medium term. Announcements of takeover bids usually perk up stock markets and generate favorable press because of the underlying rationale that they make economic sense. Strategically, the acquiring company may be looking to gain valuable R & D strengths, enlarged market share (and hence, greater leverage in the marketplace), goodwill, established brands, greater operational scale, and broader distribution reach, among others. Roll (1986) offers the “hubris” hypothesis as an alternative explanation for takeovers judged by capital marke
The idea of a circle in relation to the human life and being can be discussed from the points of a life cycle, natural cycles, time circles, circles in space and specific forms. Thus, the religious view based on the Circle of Life idea is characteristic for the American Indians as well as for many other primal communities and religions. Orienting to the circle and its qualities, Indians choose the patterns and examples observed every day in relation to the world’s development and natural laws. Black Elk of the Oglala Sioux developed the principle of the circle in the life of Indians and focused on its connection with all the spheres of the people’s being. Thus, the Indians’ vision of the natural principles is based on the Circle of Life idea as the reflection of the natural laws, energy cycles, and normal order of life according to which the animal and physical worlds are organized; and this vision is opposite to linear concept of the world organization accepted in many religions and communities. From this perspective, the understanding and perceptions of reality which are typical for the Indians as the representatives of the Oglala Sioux are influenced by observing the principle of the circles and cycles in all the aspects of the people’s and natural life. These ideas are also shared by many primal societies because they are correlated with the world laws observed in the daily life. Thus, Indians focus on the natural order of the life which cannot be changed, and this order is based on circles and cycles. Seasons change as a cycle, a person lives a life which resembles a circle, the life of animals is affected by the principle of a circle, and main physical objects influencing the Universe are circles. Thus, the Power of the World realizes itself in circles, and this fact explains the orientation to circles in relation to daily patterns and norms (Neihardt, 2008). Circles are the basics to guarantee the circulation of energy in the world, and this idea also forms the fundament of the Indians’ religious vision. If the Indians focus on circles in time, space, and being as the reflection of the natural order, laws, and principles, the modern cultures and religions develop with references to the linear concepts. The idea of the Circle of Life is important to emphasize the interaction of forces and the circulation of the spiritual energy in the world as in a circle. The linear concepts are mode focused on results and consequences. Thus, if the idea of the start and end in life is interesting for the Indians to point out the main elements of the cycle, the start and end in the other cultures and religions can be discussed as quite opposite points on a line of life where definite events influence the following events directly (Holler, 2000). The concept of linear time and space supports the idea of dependence which is important for many religions in order to accentuate the role of the people’s actions and moral choices in their life (Fixico, 2003). The Circle of Life idea is more metaphysical in this case because it depends on the principle of interaction and circulation of the energy. Nevertheless, Black Elk’s ideas on the Circ
Socrates’ proposition that the “unexamined life is not worth living (Plato The Apology 38a) has intrigued me for a long time. In order to develop a sufficient understanding of what this proposition means, it is necessary to recognize the specifics of the philosopher’s approach to philosophy and how it relates to practical life (Cotterill). The aim of this paper is to defend the position that moral or ‘examined life’ is worth living. Debate According to Socrates, the examined life is one that is characterized by a commitment to a philosophical inquiry (Plato The Apology 38a). In other words, it is an endless pursuit of virtue, which is not possible without regularly engaging in introspection (Plato The Republic 24c; “Socrates: The Good Life”). My assertion in the debate is that the only life worth living is the examined one. It can be argued that virtuous or ‘good life’ starts with the Ancient Greek dictum ‘know thyself,’ which requests the dismantling of the most cherished beliefs and ideas in order to separate counter-productive and false ones from those that are valuable and true (“Socrates: The Good Life”). Such a life is full of self-examination and inquiry that are often followed by either refutation or confirmation of popular convictions and ideas. Critical analysis of one’s assumptions and beliefs is essential in the information age, which is associated with a barrage of various ideas and propositions. Without engaging in regular rumination and examination of one’s values and attitudes, it is impossible to determine which of them are of significant value and gravity and which are useless enough to thwart one’s pursuance of virtue. My argument for the good life is partially based on my personal experience of regular, protracted introspection that has helped me to better navigate the modern world and change my assumptions about the nature of the consumption-driven economy. Proponents of the unexamined life maintain that Socra
Chief Complaint (CC) The patient reports itchiness and burning feeling in the vaginal area. History of Present Illness (HPI) A twenty-six-year-old female with no known medical history presents a complaint of vaginal inflammation and irritation. The symptoms appeared two weeks ago and have been consistent. The patient has no history of previous vaginal infections or pains. She denies any sexual encounters during that period. The patient admits to using new hygiene products. Last Menstrual Period (LMP) LMP started three weeks ago, according to the regular schedule. The period had no additional discharge or uncharacteristic pains. Allergies NKDA. Past Medical History The patient is up to date on all vaccinations. No medical history of previous gynecological problems is present. The patient has no history of pregnancy. The patient never reported to have allergies and did not perform any sensitization tests. Family History The patient’s family has no relevant medical evidence. Father has a history of controlled hypertension. No further conditions are present. According to the patient, the mother has no major history that concerns the present issues. Surgery History The patient has no history of surgery. Obstetrical/GYN History The patient has no pregnancy history. Social History (Alcohol, Drug, or Tobacco Use) The patient denies any drug or tobacco use, admits to rare recreational drinking. Overall safety status is adequate. The patient lives alone and has a steady job, which she describes as non-stressful. She recently started exercising. She showers at the gym after the exercise, where she uses new hygiene products. Current Medication
One of the major problems of the US-Iran relations is lack of trust which breeds suspicion between the two parties. The US has accused different Iranian governments of sponsoring terrorism and human rights violations coupled with the attempts to make nuclear bombs in contravention of international law. On the other side, Iran decries the meddling of the US in the country’s affairs including supporting rebel groups to overthrow the government. Weiner (2007) notes that the mistrust between these two nations goes back to 1953 when a coup backed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) overthrew an elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mosaddeq, and replaced him with Pahlavi, a Shah. From this time, Weiner (2007) argues that a “generation of Iranians grew up knowing that the CIA had installed the Shah” (p. 105). Pahlavi forged closer ties with the US, but the majority of Iranians could not validate the newfound relationship and they accused the Shah of ceding sovereignty to western powers. Critics of the president’s actions were punished harshly which led to the deportation of a respected religious leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, in 1964 (Kinzer, 2010). The good working relationship between Iran and the US continued for five years until 1979 when Pahlavi left the country to seek medical treatment. A month later, Khomeini sneaked back into the country and announced himself the leader of a new Islamic Republic. The US-Iran relationship deteriorated further in November the same year when a faction of Khomeini’s supporters abducted 52 Americans from the US Embassy in Tehran. President Jimmy Carter ended all diplomatic ties with Iran in April 1980 before a failed military rescue mission to free the hostages (McCutcheon, 2016). Afterward, the US imposed sanctions against Iran and this nature of the relationship has persisted up to date. This paper explores the mistrust that continues to define the US-Iran relationship for over four decades. The Cold US-Iran Relationship Since 1980, successive US administrations have imposed numerous sanctions against Iran as a way of compelling the country to meet some demands. In other words, the two countries have not had a mutual relationship and this aspect has compounded the mistrust that defines the association between them. For instance, in November 1980, Ayatollah reached out to President Carter concerning the release of the American hostages, but an agreement could not be reached (McCutcheon, 2016). However, the Iranians freed the hostages immediately after the incoming US president, Ronald Reagan, took the oath of office in January 1981. In 1984, President Reagan accused Iran of sponsoring terrorism by supporting Hezbollah, which was allegedly involved in the killing of 241 US military personnel in Beirut the previous year (McCutcheon, 2016). In the 1980s, Iran was involved in a decade-long bloody confrontation with Iraq. In this case, the US-supported Iraq to protect oil its interests in the Persian Gulf. In 1988, 290 Iranians were killed after a US war vessel downed an Iranian commercial plane from an alleged mistaken identity (McCutcheon, 2016). The Iranians
Introduction The story of the Cuban cigar industry may be traced back to the 18 th century with the discovery of the plant by Christopher Columbus, the Spanish and British control over the crop, and the post-revolution socialist regime in Cuba. The industry has faced imposition and elevation of trade restrictions on tobacco since the 18 th century. Politics, history, and the tobacco industry in Cuba have intermingled to form a unique blend. Political control over the industry and trade restrictions over the Cuban cigar industry has created devastating effect to popular cigar brands. Currently, the monopolistic power Cuba had on the global cigar market has dissipated to a great extent and the industry also faces numerous uncertainties due to political control, trade blocks, and increasing competition. This analysis of the industry tries to ascertain the industry attractiveness and the possible avenues for investing in the industry. Main body A brief background evaluation of the industry is required before the Cuban cigar industry‘s competitive analysis is done. Cuban cigars had enjoyed an undisputed monopoly in the international cigar market, which changed with the trade embargo of the post-revolution era in the 1960s. Since then, Cuban cigars have been conspicuously absent from the shelves of retailers in the United States. This led the Cuban economy to a major crisis economically for the US was a major trade partner and investor in the country’s two major industries: cigar and sugar. They not only brought financial capital but also knowledge, skill, expertise to make high-quality cigars. The economy still did not face the full blow of the trade barrier due to increased subsidized trade with the erstwhile USSR and East European countries. Worldwide cigar production and consumption declined from a relative peak in the mid-1960s until the early 1990s. At that time, consumers rediscovered large, premium cigars. The demand for these high-priced products began to increase and has yet to reach a peak, according to some industry analysts. The Cuban hand-made cigar industry has responded to this burgeoning demand by training new rollers and expanding its production for export. Cuba’s position in the international cigar market is complicated by the fact that U. S. citizens may not normally buy or possess cigars produced in Cuba. In such a critical political situation, it is very important to do an analysis of the cigar industry in Cuba in order to ascertain where would be the best place to enter the industry and what w
Such a process as organizational change is of great interest to many business administrators who want to understand the factors that affect the transformation of companies. Moreover, it is critical to understand the factors that can shape the outcome of this activity. This paper is aimed at discussing several sources that can give readers deep insights into this process. At first, it is possible to consider the article written by Kevin Dooley (1997) who examines the functioning of the so-called complex adaptive systems that are involved in the process of organizational change. Overall, this author describes an organization as a complex set of elements that can interact with one another (Dooley, 1997, p. 69). In this case, the term complex implies that the relations between different components of a system cannot be easily traced. By studying the behavior of the organizations from the perspective of adaptability, researchers can better understand the process of change. Certainly, practitioners may not use this article for the development of clear-cut guidelines. However, this research article can demonstrate why the attempts may not be successful. This article is partly based on the idea that organizations can be compared to living organisms (Agard, 2010, p. 553). Researchers indeed notice similarities between living entities and organizations; but the main problem is that practitioners may not derive any distinct lessons from this approach (Agard, 2010). Overall, business administrators should take into account that companies do not always act according to pre-determined patterns. The notion of adaptability is described by other researchers as well. For instance, Allesandro Lomi, Erik Larsen, and Ari Ginsberg (1997) note that organizational adaptation is governed by complex non-linear patterns. In other words, the actions and choices of separate decision-makers do not necessarily lead to th