ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction For centuries, medical scientists have been developing various interventions in a bid to treat and manage diabetes among the population. Nutrition and lifestyle interventions are part of interventions that have proved to be effective in the treatment and management of diabetes. According to Delahanty (2010), nutrition and lifestyle interventions are current therapies for diabetes because they “have been a critical component in three of the four largest clinical trials that focused on diabetes in the past two decades” (p. 360). The three major clinical trials involving diabetes are Diabetes Control and Complications Trial 1983-1993 (DCCT), Diabetes Prevention Program 1996-2001 (DPP), and Action for Health in Diabetes 2001-2012 (Look AHEAD Trial). These clinical trials confirmed that nutrition and lifestyle interventions play a central role in the treatment and management of diabetes; type I and type II diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this essay examines the findings of the three clinical trials that are relevant in the treatment and management of diabetes, as nursing practice. Diabetes Control and Complication Trial The DCCT trial entailed diabetic patients with type I diabetes who volunteered for the study. The clinical trial randomly assigned participants who volunteered for the study to conventional and intensive therapies. Conventional therapy is aimed at helping diabetic patients to measure their glucose levels in blood and urine while attending their clinics after every three months. Comparatively, the intensive therapy required the diabetic patients to measure their glucose levels in the blood and urine regularly while attending their clinics monthly. Both patients under conventional and intensive therapies received similar dietary counseling. When planning a diet for diabetic patients, “insulin doses were first matched with a consistent diet, and the dieticians taught participants how to adjust insulin for variations in food intake and activity level” (Delahanty, 2010, p. 362). During the progress of the clinical trial, it was evident that intensive therapy with nutrition has a significant impact on the treatment and management of diabetes. The findings of the DCCT show that there is a marked difference between conventional and intensive therapy. Delahanty (2010) states that “intensive therapy achieved a stable HbA1c by approximately 7.2% versus 9.1% with conventional treatment” (p. 362). Such reduction in HbA1c has significant benefits because it reduced the risk of developing retinopathy by 76% and progression of diabetes by 54%. Moreover, the reduction in HbA1c decreased the risk of developing microalbuminuria by about 30-60%. In this view, the DCCT proved that medical nutrition therapy is important in maintaining blood glucose
Introduction The International Business Machines Corporation is among the largest U.S. technology and consulting corporations. It provides software and hardware and consults other companies with recommendations on improving technological design. The company has a well-developed corporate responsibility philosophy that is confined to several aspects. To begin with, IMB managers define new options and apply those to a number of societal problems. The company also assesses programs to gain the maximum results. It also pays attention to enhancing employees’ motivation, as well as provides new approaches and techniques to improving their communities. Finally, integrating corporate citizenship and responsibility is another integral part of the company’s philosophy because it allows the company’s managers to develop a comprehensive method to correspond to the values of global enterprise. Cultural diversity and generational differences are also included into such values. The main purpose of this paper is to define the main demographic characteristics of the company through analysis of reports and related documents. It is also necessary to define the ratio of types of generations, including Traditionalists, Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials. In addition, the paper seeks to highlight the programs and strategies that the company has implemented to manage the challenge of generational differences and introduce alternatives to make diversity an advantage for the company. Main Discussion Historic Background The company’s diversity history dates back at the end of nineteenth century when the Computing Scale Company, one of the company that later became the part of the IBM, hired Richard McGregor, an African American, along with Nettie Moore, Emma Manske, and Lilly Philip. All these employees had been hired long before Lincoln introduced the Emancipation Proclamations, as well as women’s right to vote. In the course of the history,
Nowadays, the world of politics undergoes a plenty of considerable changes and improvements. On the one hand, the current President focuses on the development of strong international relations and the identification of the military actions that could influence America and help other countries to solve their own problems and uncertainties. On the other hand, new presidential elections are coming, and people try to understand and make use of the current political campaigns, competitions, and ideas. The peculiar feature of this political issue is its nature and outcomes that could be observed in the lives of millions of people in the country and worldwide. Though presidential elections are usually defined as the contests between the representatives of two major parties, they are usually more than just that (Holian & Prysby, 2014). In this paper, the US presidential elections of 2016 will be researched and analyzed in order to comprehend how this event is organized, treated in different countries, understood by the native citizens, and accepted by the direct participants of the chosen political race. A US presidential election is one of the main political events in the country that occurs quadrennially. It is usually introduced as a complex process that consists of a number of stages. Besides, it is one of the most expensive events in the whole world during which several presidential candidates have to complete a number of activities and share their goals and plans with people before the time of a general election comes (Masters & Ratnam, 2016). As a rule, presidential candidates start their campaigns in a certain period of time (usually, it is the beginning of February) and follow the regulations identified by the government. However, during the last several elections, in some states, it was observed that some candidates try to start their campaigns earlier, organize caucuses, and inform ordinary people about the intentions on the political arena. Some people admit that such decision is a good chance to learn the candidates better, and some people believe that it is just another form of irrational expenses promoted by the government. Anyway, the majority of foreign countries, as well as many American citizens, cannot help but agree with the fact that though the US presidential elections gain the same form each time they occur, they always come with surprises that may be pleasant, frustrating, shocking, confusing, or unexpectedly effective. For example, the dropped out representative of the Republic Party, Marco Rubio, said that “America’s in the middle of a real political storm, a real tsunami… And we should have seen this coming” (“Who
One of the potential ways in which the company would be subject to moral hazard comes in the form of not fully complying with the duties of being a landlord. This comes in the form neglecting to properly maintain the mall for potential customers of the tenants. Aligning Interest A variable payment scheme aligns the interest of the landlord and tenant through the process of percentile gain. Basically, the more sales a tenant has, the greater the amount of money the landlord generates. As such, it is in the interest of the landlord to support the tenant since this would result in higher profits for the landlord in the long term. In the case of the tenant supporting the landlord, it should be noted that the variable payment scheme ensures that the mall itself is serviced and maintained properly by the landlord since that is where a percentage of the payments would go towards. This ensures that the mall continues to be a viable investment for the landlord in the long term. Variable Payment When looking at the case and the various factors associated with the sale of goods and services, it is advisable that a gross revenue scheme be chosen. The reason behind this is that the mall operator will have a vested interest in ensuring the tenant will make money whereas under the net revenue option there is the potential moral hazard that the landlord would just collect payments without implementing any form of support since whether or not the tenant makes money does not impact them in the least. Attitude towards Risk Variable payment should increase or decrease based on the landlord’s perception regarding the risk associated with the type of tenant renting. Anchor tenants in malls (i.e. McDonalds, Starbucks, etc.) can be deemed as being low risk and should have a low variable payment rate. While small independent stores that are relatively unknown are thus more risky (i.e. fewer people may buy) and, as such, should have a higher variable payment rate. This is also because another more famous tenant could have rented the same space. Investment in Location Not all locations are created equal within a mall with some areas generating lower levels of foot traffic as compared to others. As such, giving a lower rate for certain areas is advisable so as to ensure fairness when it comes to rental management practices. One of the ways in which this can be accomplished would be to retain the standard of 1% of the client’s gross revenue while reducing the fixed monthly rate of $35 – $38 to $25 – $28 for areas with lower foot traffic. Length of Tenants Lease The average length of a tenants lease should be two years at most. This is due to the fact that the landlord may need to change the
The article The effects of customer and competitor orientations on performance in global markets is written by Zhou, Brown, Dev, and Agarwal (2007), and it dwells upon an effective management model in the global hospitality market. The researchers consider two approaches, customer and competitor orientation of companies. Zhou et al. (2007) note that businesses operating in better-developed markets have to focus on customers’ needs as these countries have more resources and more demanding customers. At the same time, businesses operating in economically developing markets should exploit competitor orientation due to resource scarcity and unfavorable business conditions. The use of one of these approaches shapes the financial management of the company. Thus, in more developed markets, businesses have to invest more in developing a wide range of services for customers to meet their needs. However, in less developed markets, it is important to finance specific areas in accordance with the market’s characteristics. For instance, in some markets, there is a lack of highly professional staff, and the company has to invest more in this sphere (Zhou et al., 2007). The article provides valuable insights into financial management in the global market, and it unveils effective approaches to develop a business. Thus, it becomes clear that in less developed markets, it is ineffective to try to develop a variety of services to meet the needs of demanding customers as it is more effective to provide services or to have characteristics that other competitors do not have. This will increase the competitiveness of the company. It is important to have in mind this understanding since lots of companies make the same mistake and try to adopt a customer-oriented approach even though they operate in a less developed market, which requires investment into particular spheres of business. Reference List Sharma, S. (2010). The impact of the adoption of international financial reporting standards on the legal profession . Houston Business and Tax Journal , 38(1), 303-319. Web. Zhou, K.Z., Brown, J.R., Dev, C.S., & Agarwal, S. (2007). The effects of customer and competitor orientations on performance in global markets: A contingency analysis. Journal of International Business Studies , 38(1), 303-319. Web.
The article by Michael Nava and Robert Dawidoff begins by providing background information to the help readers understand the issue of gay marriages. The authors discuss the societal construction of marriage as a union between two consenting adults whose decision is not subject to the opinions and views of their families and friends. The article illustrates the importance of marriage in influencing benefits such as preferential tax treatment, immigration laws and property rights. The authors highlight the powerful incentives created by the state and church for married individuals. The authors present their claim regarding the pursuance of marriage rights by gays and lesbians who want to enjoy the social and spiritual benefits bestowed upon married couples. The authors assert that the upbringing and socialization of Americans creates the same concept of the reverence and respectability of marriage among both heterosexuals and homosexual. Imposing restrictions on the right to marriage creates barriers that limit the affected group’s access to diverse privileges and entitlements. The article presents the reasons for acceptance of homosexual marriages, which should not serve as a hindrance to love, respect and mutual support and acknowledgement by the society. The article claims that the society denies homosexual couples the same benefits awarded to heterosexual couples. The authors highlight the success of gay unions despite the social, familial and legal challenges, which heterosexuals do not face although their unions are increasingly failing. The authors rely on data from the Demography journal, which presents a study on the effects of cohabitation on marriages. The study presents evidence illustrating that cohabiting creates values and attitudes, which increase the possibility of divorce. The warrant in the article is the use of evidence from the study on cohabiting effects to support the argument that the protection of a permanent union between any two individuals requires a recognized marriage. The benefits of the longevity of an intimate relationship through marriage should be accessible to all citizens irrespective of their sexual orientation. The authors discuss studies about the effectiveness of gay parenting and state that children raised in homosexual unions have equal abilities and capabilities to children brought up in heterosexual marriages. The authors acknowledge the opposition to homosexual marriages, which critics consider as a threat to procreation, which is the main purpose for marriage. The article discusses that societal constructs and laws against homosexual marriages emerge from the biblical description of marriage and prohibition of homosexuality. The authors present ecclesiastical laws as the key pillar in the opposition of gay marriages. The unacceptability of homosexuality in Christianity and other reli
Through her Half and Half narrative, Amy Tan describes 2 characters – namely, Rose Hsu Jordan and Ted Jordan – as experiencing marital and emotional problems. These problems emanate from the characters’ wrong decisions as well as from the influence of fate. For example, fate is depicted as causing Rose and Ted’s marital problems because the 2 defy their parent’s opposition to the 2 people getting married. Erroneous decisions also make the 2 characters to experience problems. To illustrate, Rose suffers serious emotional hurt after she fails to watch over Bing – her youngest brother – thus leading to the latter’s death by drowning. In addition, after marrying Ted, Rose allows the husband to unilaterally make all decisions, with the wife always playing second fiddle. This wrong decision works against Rose when Ted requires her to take up part of his roles. Ted is also explained to be making wrong decisions that harm him by losing all his confidence after an unsuccessful court case. Eventually, the couple’s wrong decisions make them to become bitter toward each other, with Ted asking for a divorce. All in all, through the Half and Half story, Tan shows that the characters of Rose and Ted are victims of their wrong decisions as well as their individual fates owing to their racial disparities. To illustrate, Rose and Ted disregard their parents’ race-based objections to the couple’s proposed marriage, thus depicting fate and wrong decisions jointly facilitating the characters’ downfall. Mrs Jordan -Ted’s mother – uses carefully-concealed racist sentiments to express her displeasure regarding her son’s marriage to Rose. Likewise, An-mei Hsu – Rose’s mother – voices her dissatisfaction with regard to Rose marrying Ted. The 2 youngsters however defy such parental discontent and go ahead to wed. In line with their parents’ premonition, cracks appear in Rose and Ted’s marriage soon after Ted loses a court case that has to do with some professional malpractice he committed (Perkins and Barbara 817). Consequently, Ted becomes depressed and loses his confidence. The racial disparities regarding mores then come to the fore. Rose does not offer Ted the necessary consolation as this is not appropriate in her Chinese culture. In turn, Ted abandons some of his decision-making responsibilities; he has been making all decisions. Rose refuses to take over some of her husband’s decision-making duties because her culture does not allow her to do so. Eventually, Ted asks Rose for a divorce, a request that stuns the wife. Tan thus uses the couple’s varied cultural heritages as well as their wrong decisions to show that fate functions in bringing them together and later separating them owing to racial differences. On the other hand, Rose suffers emotional harm owing to her erroneous decision of failing to carefully watch over Bing who drowns in the sea. An-mei instructs Rose to look after Bing – the 4-year-old br
Name, Location & Nature of the Business The business to be established is known as Cheryl Sharpton’s Clinical Group. The business will be concerned with giving advice to medical practitioners. This means that the business will basically provide technical advice to people involved in running hospitals. These include providing administrative techniques to hospital managers, as well as consultancy services to other professionals involved in provision of medical services. The business will be located in Durham NC. Durham NC is strategically located hence remaining advantageous for the business in terms of reaching the target market. Mission The mission of this business is to be the leading consultancy firm in the country by providing quality advice and assistance to customers. The business will aim at helping people to succeed in their businesses hence remaining beneficial to the country. General Objectives or Goals The business has many goals and objectives which involves working hard to help businesses to improve their performances. This means that the business should provide quality and reliable information to their customers. Its main operations are aimed at equipping employees of various hospitals with adequate knowledge required to run their facilities successfully. In addition, the business has its operational goals which include maximizing profits and cutting down costs. The business may fail to achieve its other goals if it operates at losses because it may end up being unable to pay salaries and rent. Self-Analysis The business will be operated by competence people who will be willing to assist professionals in medical fields to make their businesses success. Therefore, people with adequate knowledge on medical practice and administration will be employed in the organization. This is important because clients will appreciate all information they receive from consultants if it end up being useful. If consultants give information and advices that are impractical, customers may come back with complaints. Credibility of all people working for the business should not be questioned as it might affect customer loyalty and profitability of the business (Origen and Golan, 2010). These skills are needed in the target market as people have failed in doing businesses due to poor planning. Therefore, this target market has potential as people would prefer seeking consultant’s advices to safeguard their medical facilities. Competitors in this field have failed customers in one way or the other hence calling for a savior organization. Some competitors use incompetent consultants hence giving misleading information to customers. This information turns out to be fatal for medical organizations as they deteriorate instead of improving. Marketing Environment Marketing environment for this business has to be observed carefully to ensure that competitors are not left to challenge the organization. Political factors must be considered whereby the organization should follow all legislations set to govern medical consultancy firms. Since human life is very important, law makers do not leave anything for chances regarding provision of
The title of this drama is the essence of all three members of the Hubbard family. This heading means the identification of the characters with foxes, animals that people most often associate with cunning, tricks, and deception. While two greedy brothers have divided the family assets into two independent businesses, the sister uses her wealthy but humble husband as a tool to fulfill her ambitions (Hartley & Ladu, 1948). Each of the three members of the Hubbard family tries to outsmart the other for the most benefit. In the title, however, there is one controversial point, since the characters presented cannot in any way be called “little” foxes, being adults. However, this phrase references the Bible and the Song of Solomon, in which there are lines about foxes that spoil vineyards full of ripe grapes. Therefore, despite the slight possible confusion, this name perfectly reflects the essence of the relationship between Hubbard’s siblings. Initially, the headline directs the reader to the actions of all three members of the Hubbard family, giving them a characterization and immediately setting a specific mood. By looking at the words at the beginning of the play, the reader can immediately expect some kind of trick. From my point of view, the formation of the heading can be approached from a slightly different angle. The main character Regina and her brothers can also be characterized by the phrase that Regina’s daughter, Alexandra, utters at the end of the play. When she leaves her mother, she calls her “one who eats the earth,” referring to the earlier metaphor. These words mean that there are people in the world who do terrible things, and many stand and watch them, not trying to change anything. Thus, I would call this piece “One who eats the earth.” This title, unlike the original, does not give the reader the characteristics of the characters at the beginning of the play. But closer to its end, when the aforementioned metaphor appears in the text, and then, when Alexandra almost directly calls her mother that way, the name finally acquires meaning, clearly describing all three main characters. Reference Hartley, L., & Ladu, A. (Eds.) (1948). Patterns in modern drama: Ibsen, Chekhov, Galsworthy, O’Neill, Kelly, Thurber, Nugent, Hellman. Prentice Hall. Web.