ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What Is Nursing Nursing has been an integral part of almost our everyday lives. From a simple charity service given by women in the earlier era, it has evolved into a noble, highly looked upon the profession and likewise, a highly marketed educational program. These days, millions are being lured into entering this profession because of the number of benefits one can get from it. Nursing started in various forms and various cultures. The most common idea about nursing during the 15th century would be a woman who is taking care of another person in the absence of his or her parents- this is done mostly for children (Oxford English Dictionary, 1989). When the Crimean War broke in 1853, Florence Nightingale, most noted to be the “Lady of the Lamp”, worked to improve the conditions of the soldiers in the Crimean war despite the risks attached to it. She is the person responsible for laying out the foundations of modern nursing with her release of “Notes on Nursing”. With this milestone in the health care profession, nursing advanced from simple and noble work to a broader and more competitive discipline both in academics and profession. As defined by the International Council of Nurses (n.d.), nursing is generally defined as “autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and inpatient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.” Nursing Knowledge After the laying of the foundations of nursing, it has evolved into a growing and more extensive discipline. With this growth comes the development of nursing knowledge and theories. Nursing knowledge is an indispensable aspect of the nursing profession. With nursing knowledge, there becomes an established set of principles, theories, and practices that are being used to train and facilitate the learning of students. Nursing knowledge is said to be a combination of a set of knowledge and experiences which a person develops over time (Nursing BC, 2002). Because of the ever-growing population of nursing programs and schools, there is a burden for them to devote much attention to their academic and professional philosophy and educational system. With each nursing school or institution bearing various knowledge and concepts, there is the main argument on the inconsistency and variability which revolves around the formation and foundation of nursing knowledge to be pinned upon the students. This characteristic of nursing knowledge, being indefinite and unparallel among each institution is a main incongruity within the nursing profession. Because of this academic and professional confusion, the nursing theory which is supposed to be a set of underlying principles in the nursing practice becomes somewhat insignificant and challenged. Nursing Theory As a component of nursing knowledge, nursing theory serves a very significant purpose in the nursing profession. As
Snapple is an American soft drink company that ensures it has an effective product strategy: the strategy ensures that the company comes up with products that are competitive and responsive to the needs of the customers. The company makes brands of different flavors depending with the target market; some of the products include juice of different flavors, tea drinks, water, diet drinks, and fresh squeeze among others. The driving force to buying a certain product is the target market that the products are aimed at selling to. To come up with the products, the company engages in massive products and market research (Snapple Official Website). The main change that should be made in the company’s products is the packaging that they use: most of the products have been packed on plastic material that destroys the environment; with the decomposition rate of plastics, when they have been deposited, they pollute the environment. The company should look for paper packaging material (when using paper concentration should be on recycled paper material), they will be less polluting. Snapple can be said to have a strong brand name across the markets it operates in, despite the competition in the soft drinks company, the company has been able to command an increasing market share and in the future its markets are likely to improve even further. When faced with an issue that can challenge the growth of its brand, the company is quick to react and change the ill move. The company can increase its markets further if it can have some low alcoholic products alongside the main line. The strategy will be a move of brand extension strategy: to get into the market, the company should make use of the strength of the current brand to persuade people adopt and embrace the new products (Monroe 63). Pricing strategy The company uses a premium pricing model; the products can be said to be slightly higher than the average price of commodities in the industry. The reason why they have adopted the method is because of the strength of the brand. It has high quality products that can command a higher market than the others; when using the method, the company targets the working class and the high class members of the society. Premium pricing model is a strategic pricing model where the company rests on it strength in the market as well as the quality it offers. Since 1972, when the country was incorporated, they have developed unique products designs and they can blend sweet flavors to increase the market. When pricing the products, the company looks into the costs incurred, the profit margin as well as the costs sold by other companies in the same industry. After noting the average price in the market, the company’s marketing team then adds a margin that represents the premium as required by premium pricing strategy. The pricing m
Introduction Bossard is a hardware international conglomerate that specializes in the development of fastening technology and devices. It also uses a wide variety of smart and sensor technology to achieve a competitive advantage. It plans to utilize “smart factory” logistics and verge into various new sectors or initiatives where their innovative approach may be useful. This case study examines a potential transition for Bossard to achieve digital transformation and offer a better value proposition. Business Model Originally, Bossard was founded as a family-owned hardware store in Switzerland. It sold various small hardware and fastening products which consist of bolts, screws, rivets, and nuts. It then expanded to a regional, national, and international level in the $72 billion global fastening industry. It has continued to expand and experience profit with a 15% increase in sales year over year. It has over 70 service locations, 35 logistics centers, and 10 applications engineering laboratories (Michel et al. 2). Bossard went from serving local individual consumers and regional businesses to cooperation with international industrial companies. It works with such large corporations as John Deere, Tesla, and Schneider Electric as a supplier of fastening parts, solutions, and logistics. Bossard is known globally for achieving an extremely high quality of products and creating standardized systems and processes. From its early days in the 1980s, Bossard took upon a client-based approach in its business model. Not only did it sell basic parts, but it took an individual approach to each buyer to determine the fastening solutions necessary for them. Despite the common belief, the fastening business and its parts can be inherently complex as each client may require various needs and uses for the parts or specially adapted approaches. As the size of the clients grew to industrial companies and factories, the demands for parts increased. And Bossard saw the opportunity to become not only the seller but also the supplier and distributor. The company standardized and created a logistics system that would help boost productivity, both for itself and the customer. By the 1990s, Bossard sought to introduce management of the fastening parts (also known as C-parts) for its clients. That included a smart and automated ordering system known as Smart bin that could check stock levels through weight sensors and automatically ship the predetermined batch. The SmartBin technology was innovative and has become the centerpiece of Bossard’s business model and approach to customers. The high quality of standard for supply and logistics was above other competitors. The optim
Pathophysiology Penetration of pathogens of pneumonia in the respiratory parts of the lungs through the bronchogenic, hematogenic, per continuinatem, or lymphogenous pathways followed by their adhesion to the epithelial cells of the bronchopulmonary system and a consequent development of the local inflammatory process under the influence of infection and its spread through the lung tissue, sensitization to infectious agents and immuno-inflammatory reactions, and activation of lipid peroxidation and proteolysis in the lung tissue (Ramirez, n.d.; Muravlyova et al., 2016). Signs and Symptoms The common symptoms are the couch, dyspnea, and pain in the chest; fever, intoxication syndrome (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015). Physiological signs are the shortening of percussion sound, respectively to the localization of the inflammatory focus; increased vocal tremor, bubbling rales in the projection of the focus of inflammation, changes in vesicular breathing, and so on. The diagnosis is based on the clinical symptoms shown by the patient. Lab and Diagnostic Tests Chest X-ray is the main diagnostic test. General blood analysis allows finding leukocytosis, toxic granulocyte neutrophil, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, and so on. Urinary antigen testing is recommended as well (Dunphy et al., 2015). Common Microorganisms Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Mycoplasma pneumonaia, Chlamydia pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila.
The importance of access to rendered necessary medical services within the field of healthcare is conditional upon their impact on the population’s health and long-term initiatives developed for improving the situation. Their relation to the studied concepts can be viewed through the lens of social determinants and economic stability in the first place since these two notions define the possibility for individuals to achieve well-being. For example, various obstacles, such as discrimination or low literacy skills, prevent people from receiving the required assistance and adversely affect health indicators as a whole, especially when complemented by low income. In turn, a thorough consideration of these conditions can help address them separately and develop appropriate measures in the areas of prevention, protection, and promotion of health as per the concept of public health. Therefore, it can be concluded that access is significant to the examined notions because it is connected to all of the problems citizens might face in this area. In addition, access is important for both individuals and communities, while its influence on them differs depending on the factors which it encompasses. For instance, in the former’s case, the most critical circumstances will be the financial situation of people, their education level, age, sex, and genetic factors. As for the latter, their issues are more complex as they include the presence of different population groups and corresponding environmental and cultural systems. Hence, the consideration of problems in this field is performed with regard to the affected persons or entities instead of adopting a generalized approach. Since access is intertwined with both individual and the population’s well-being, as can be seen from the analysis above, it is vital for the health of people as well as communities in general.
Children’s Defense Fund is an American program that is aimed at advocating for the rights of children. Founded almost four decades ago, the program which is supported by private funding doubles as an advocacy program and a research group (Ethan, 2011). The key interest of this program is to carry out an assessment of how children are treated at all levels, and advocate for their rights and welfare. Guided by its mission, this advocacy program seeks to ensure that all children are treated equally, regardless of their status, race, gender and religious affiliation (Rosenbaum & Kay, 2006). To achieve its advocacy mission, the program works in collaboration with all the stakeholders in children welfare, who include individuals, communities and other policy makers (Smith, 2010). Through this collaboration, the program spearheads enactments that are favorable to the welfare of all children, and oversees the implementation of such enactments (Smith, 2010). Additionally, the program collaborates with stakeholders in children’s affairs, to ensure that it is empowered financially and legislatively to uplift children from poverty and suffering, while protecting them from any form of abuse or neglect (McRoy, 2008). To achieve its goals, CDF program focuses on ensuring that all children have an access to schooling and education, health care and moral foundation that instills value in their lives (Rosenbaum & Kay, 2006). To free itself from any form of state interference and control, the CDF program does not take funding from the government. It depends on donations from individuals, community groups and corporations to keep its agendas running (Ethan, 2011). The essence of this program is to represent and voice the concerns of children, who cannot lobby or advocate for their rights by any other means. Children’s Defense Fund is a program that adheres and operates on the basis of the principles of lifespan psychology. Among these principles is the principle of lifelong development, where any entity seeking to advance human development must commit itself to doing this for a lifetime (McRoy, 2008). This is because; the capacity of human beings to develop is spread throughout their lifetime (Smith, 2010). In this regard, it can be observed that CDF program adheres to this principle, through committing itself to a life of children protection and welfare advocacy. It achieves this through caring for the welfare of all children regardless of their age. It also promotes responsible adulthood through facilitating youth leadership programs (Ethan, 2011). Another principle is that of human multidimensional development, which the program upholds through advocating for a continuous provision of support in all facets of life, even after children pass childhood sta
According to Brian, Mongolia is a Chinese province known as ‘Outer Mongolia?’ The Mongol language is one of the renowned Altaic families of languages that include Vigur, Turk Oroquen, the Ewenk, the Daur, and lastly, the unanimous Manchu (Brian, 1998). The Mongolians are credited with diverse literature such as ‘Secret history,’ a story about the ancient life of Khan Chingis. This is a historical time between the years 1162 and 1227 A.D. Other than the common Mongolian culture, the Mongols have other variety stories, told in both Chinese and in English (Australian Aborigine Creation Myth, 2006). The stories include:  1. The story of the boy hunter  2. The story of the three sisters  3. The two friend’s story  4. The story of the greedy dog
Introduction The Huaorani or Waorani is a group of indigenous Amerindians living in the Amazon rainforest and specifically in Ecuador. This community has very unique characteristics from other South American tribes. Besides speaking a totally different language, these people have isolated themselves from other communities by living in the Amazon forest. The number of Huaoranis who speak the language fluently does not exceed 4,000 (Ziegler-Otero, 2007, p.33).They are not even familiar with the normal culture of Ecuador due to this seclusion. Their ancestral land is between Napo and Curaray rivers, a land that has been associated by logging and oil trapping (Lu, 2010). When some forest areas are cleared, the community will still look for other areas to embrace their lifestyle. The Huaorani community has strongly protected its culture from settlers and other indigenous tribes. This community comprises of four groups namely the Onamenane, the Tagaeri, the Huinatare and the Taromenane. Initially, Huaorani people were hunters and gathers who resided in the Amazon forest hunting wild animals as a form of subsistence. The practice however, changed gradually due to technological influence and interaction. Currently, these people live in the Amazon forest as their permanent settlement. They are sort of semi-nomadic horticulturalist community though they could be almost mistaken for foragers since they hunt animals and gather fruits and berries. However, they plant food crops wherever they go and do not employ modern agricultural techniques as they live far from the land. With the recent intrusions, the impact of the primary mode of subsistence on Huaorani way of life may be so strong that the community finds it difficult to adjust culturally according to the changes being encountered. Therefore, this paper is focused on investigating the impact of semi-nomadic horticultural practices on key aspects of culture including kinship, social organization, gender relation and beliefs as well as values. Kinship One of the things Huaorani people consider most important is family life. A family will comprise of several groups of kin and ultimately grows when other people join the family. Anyone wishing to join a group is allowed but must build their own houses as they cannot live with the original land owners in the same house. These new comers either could be refugees from other villages or just members from other Huaorani communities joined by marriage. A Huaorani kinship consists of a father, mother, children, spouses and grandchildren (Rival, 2002). In such an organization, there is a wide variety of help for the day to day chores that is defined according to the ability and position of the family member. The sharing of daily chores has resulted in families having many children. The more children they have in a family, the more help they get for daily responsibilities. However, Huaorani is an individualistic community and each member of a group has some sense of autonomy. Every family member has a role to play in helping the family and laziness is not encouraged in fulfilling family chores. E
In a world that is full of armed conflict, the quality of the army of any country is an aspect that must be taken seriously. This is because, in the case of external aggression, it is the army that will be directly responsible for the defense of the people. The issue of a credible military becomes even more pertinent in bigger nations such as the United States that are always trying to participate in peacebuilding in most parts of the world. Is there any problem with the army today? The unconcerned citizen may not notice any problem with the army but any officer serving in the military will be able to point out several serious issues that have compromised the credibility of the army. This is happening at a time in history when the world stage demands that the United States possess a military force that not only sends the enemies shaking with fear but also the ally smiling with the confidence of being a friend to a country that can rise to the occasion and defend its people as well as the ally in ca
Having considered various aspects of immigration and its economic consequences, it may be concluded that immigration positively affects even unskilled immigrants who have to perform low paid, dead-end, dirty, dangerous, and difficult jobs. Such an effect is achieved because of the lower level of life in the country people have come from. Living poorly in their native country but having jobs with good working conditions, many people remain dissatisfied and go abroad. Unskilled immigrants without specific knowledge understand that they will not get a prestigious work and they are ready to work anywhere with the only condition, the salary is higher than in the country they lived. Immigrating, people search for better living, they want to have more financial freedom and opportunities. Those who have good positions are satisfied with the opportunities they have and the career development which is possible for them. Moreover, having immigrated to another country, skilled professionals in many cases are able to realize their abilities as their countries do not offer such conditions. Scientific employees usually come under this category. Science is the profession which is not financed appropriately in many developing countries. Therefore, scientists immigrate to the places where their knowledge may be applied into practice. Therefore, such immigrants get not only high salaries and prestigious positions, they get satisfaction from performing their jobs. It is a real pleasure for people to make sure that their knowledge is spent in the correct direction. However, there is another category of people who do not have specific knowledge and whose working skills and professional knowledge are low. These people may have low or middle level jobs in their countries, however, they will never have satisfaction from such positions. The decision to go abroad is motivated by getting money. Performing dirty jobs abroad, such people get satisfaction. The satisfaction from financial benefit is much higher than disgust from the jobs they perform. Working in the serving sector, most immigrants perform the unpleasant jobs. However, many people are not really pleased with the jobs they are to perform, they are satisfied with what they have. The have an opportunity to live in the country with better living conditions. Immigrants are able to allow themselves the things they were not allowed to do or to buy in their native country. Moreover, the feeling of personal superiority under the