ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Previously a thriving industrial district and one of the leading centres of lace production, the Nottingham Lace Market went on a sharp decline in the second half of the twentieth century. The physical core of the neighbourhood consisting of distinctive industrial buildings faced abandonment of demolition as it had no obvious further use. Today, the Nottingham Lace Market is revived, both thanks to the United Kingdom’s preservation programs and the public’s active participation in community building. This part of the city is now known both as a picturesque tourist attraction and a lively cultural, retail, and gastronomical. It could be that the restoration of the Nottingham Lace Market is a prime example of finding a balance between preserving and restoring. On the one hand, the rich historical heritage needed a thoughtful approach that would maintain its authenticity. On the other hand, however, the Nottingham Lace Market was to become a place for social interactions and new beginnings. This ethnographic research paper inquires about the nature of tourists’, visitors’, and residents’ engagement with the neighbourhood and seeks to establish whether they are observers or active producers of the space. Literature Review When it comes to the urban development of historical quarters, both in terms of architecture and interior design, there is often a tug of war between preservation and revitalization. Facing an inevitable decline, the Nottingham Lace has long been in the centre of such a conflict (Crewe & Hall-Taylor, 1991). Located in the very heart of Nottingham, the Lace Market used to be a world-renowned hub of the lace industry during the rise of the British Empire in the 19th century. By the mid-20th century, the lace industry declined to the point that the neighbourhood experienced high vacancy rates (Song and Oc, 2013). Some buildings had to be demolished for safety reasons; the Lace Market also lost parts to the city road widening project (Song & Oc, 2013). All in all, the area was actively degenerating: it was considered unattractive and beyond restoration. It was not until the 1960s that the Nottingham Civic Society came forward with a plan to “[encourage] good planning,” “achieve a worthwhile environment” and “preserve desirable aspects of the City’s heritage (Smith, 1985).” As a result, in 1969, the Nottingham Lace Market was classified as a conservation area (Song and Oc, 2013). The decision was in line with a broader trend toward urban regeneration across the United Kingdom that was state-led, market-led, and interweaving the initiatives coming from the public and private sectors (Tallon, 2013). The 1974 Conservation Policy for the Lace Market sought to combine the preservation of the rich historic heritage and selective re-development. Back in the day, the United Kingdom’s government had high hopes for restoring the neighbourhood’s lost status as an industrial base (S
Introduction A jail manager was interviewed to complete this assignment. For convenience, he will be further referred to as Jack in this paper. Almost all key issues Jack mentioned coincide with the areas of concern I identified. Jack (and I totally agree with him) claims that the incarceration rate is the central issue that creates a favorable setting for the occurrence of other serious problems. The problems the jail manager mentioned also coincide with the ones I had in my mind (drug abuse and differentiation by the type of crime committed). However, Jack emphasized that communicable diseases (including but not confined to HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and tuberculosis) were some of the most serious issues to be addressed. He paid specific attention to tuberculosis stating that jails (being overcrowded) create favorable conditions for the development of this disorder and new inmates are at a high risk of being infected. Jack believes that treatment costs are a heavy burden for state and federal budgets. The disorders also negatively affect the development of communities. Jack has some ideas concerning ways to solve the issues. As for the incarceration rate, he believes that it is important to undertake such measures as obligatory treatment (when it comes to drug abusers). A pretrial release is also an option, especially for minor offenses. The jail manager stresses that even these two steps can reduce the load on jails. He adds that the rest of the problems will be resolved, at least, partially. Jack argues that keeping inmates who have committed different types of crimes under the same roof is potentially dangerous. He indicates that the creation of facilities for offenders who commit particular types of crimes will be beneficial especially when it comes to minor offenses. Drug abuse will be partially solved if drug abusers will be placed in specialized healthcare facilities. Of course, the use of such measures as urine tests, searches, and inspections will still be a part of daily operations. As for communicable diseases, the issues will be solved after the decrease in the number of inmates in jails. This will result in better conditions (better food, more space, less violence, and substance abuse) for inmates, which will reduce the risk of the spread of the diseases mentioned above. Jack’s views on the changes that might take place within the next ten years are rather surprising. The jail manager believes that the system will remain unchanged irrespective of the discussion, debates, and politicians’ promises. Jack thinks that it is easier for officials to allocate funds to the custodial system rather than solve prim
Introduction Learning is a very difficult task that unless it is accompanied by motivation, the learner may not be able to achieve much from it (Esteves & Whitten, 2011). This statement is a true reflection of what learning is to the student. Many sayings have been developed in regard to the learning process. Eisenberg (2010) says that learning has very bitter roots, but the fruits are sweet. As a student, learning may not mean much other than the suffering one has to undergo by waking up early, tiring the brain all day, receiving instructions and punishments , and coming home in the evening empty handed. If not given the right information as to the need and importance of going to school, a student may not be in a position to see the relevance of doing so. A student therefore needs motivation in order to be able to withstand the daunting process of having to go to school every day and do all that partakes to being in school. Schraw, Crippen and Hartley (2006) define motivation as inspirational messages intended to influence the behavioral pattern of an individual. It is piece information given to one in order to encourage him or her to develop the right attitude towards a certain course of action. Motivation is the creation of the desire to achieve in an individual. To develop this self drive, one needs to be informed of how necessary it is to achieve the set goals and the direct benefits one would get by actively engaging in such an activity. Motivation comprises of an assortment of closely related values, interest, beliefs, and conducts. Motivation largely depends on age, the environment one lives in and the general beliefs of that society. What motivates a child who is about six years will be very different from what motivates a teenager (Johnson 2003). Many educationists have strongly believed that learning as a process may not be very easy for the learner. It is therefore very important that one develops the right attitude towards the same if success is to be achieved. They all agree that this right attitude can only be developed if this learner has a constant motivation from people around him or her. For a long time, it has always been a general belief among educationists that intrinsic motivation is more desirable to the learner and that it leads to better results in encouraging the learner than extrinsic motivation (Guay, Chanal, Ratelle, Marsh, Larose, & Boivin, 2010). This scholar notes that as children go to school, they always have high expectations in life and from what the society always insist on, they believe that life is very interesting if one goes to school and excels. They believe that this is the only one sure way of achieving success in life. As this child grows, it encounter
Introduction The most outstanding quality derived from the novel, Sense and Sensibility, is the author’s deep penetrating character analysis. Jane Austen, the author, articulates all aspects of human characters in each chapter of the book – strengths, weaknesses, desires, and limitations. She often makes larger points about society through the descriptions of her characters. The novel, as most evident in its title, also intends to show comparison between the major characters (who are sisters) personalities. Elinor, the eldest sister, underscores the sense and sensibility of the title, while her younger sister, Marianne, personifies the lack of sense and sensibility in her utter lack of emotional control. Through them, the author brings out the theme of sense and sensibility by differentiating their traits in their relation to the rest of the characters. This paper explores the theme of sense and sensibility, and the lack of it, in details and shows how each of the characters stands out in relation to the theme. The author uses sense and sensibility to navigate through the characters and bring out their main attributes. The Theme-Sense and Sensibility The theme of sense and sensibility comes out as the difference of character between the two sisters, Elinor and Marianne. Their personalities and interactions with their neighbors draw attention to the reader, as they differ immensely right from the onset of the story .In some instances, the author exposes them to similar situations intentionally; to show the reader how each of them would react and whether they would be sensible or let their emotions determine their decision making ability. Character Difference Austen uses Elinor to play the sensible role in the novel. Austen’s opinion of the rest of her characters nearly co-occurs with that of Elinor (Poplawski 17). She is socially responsible, self-disciplined, and reasonable. Moreover, she possesses understanding and the coolness of judgment, qualities that draw admiration from Edward Ferrars. By choosing, not to tell her sister the whole truth about Willoughby’s confession, Elinor exemplifies sense. At a tender age of nineteen, she is surprisingly mature for her age; she even offers counsel to her mother (Allbery Para.4) . She is concerned about her sister’s lack of sense and even suspects Willoughby’s intentions with her. She defends Colonel Brandon to her sister, Marianne, and Willoughby when they begin to prejudice and mock him. She is distressed when Willoughby remarks that the Colonel strikes him as boring and unremarkable, when to her, he is sensible and well informed. She points out that, “My protégé, as you call him, is a sensible man; and sense will always have attractions for me” (Austen 50). By this statement, she openly shows how much she values and admires sense. Moreover, Elinor appreciates Colonel Brandon’s nobility and reserve, qualities that Willoughby is not able to see due to his dislike for him. Willoughby openly shows his hatred towards the colonel by telling Elinor that, she cannot deny him the privilege of disliking him (Austen 51). This shows how Austen characterizes Willoughby a
Religion is a powerful tool in restoring, as well as maintaining peace in the society. Many people perceive the Muslim community as dangerous thus capable of enhancing terrorist attacks. It is imperative to note that a synergistic effort from Muslim religion can immensely tame the spread of terror attacks. Apparently, leaders from Islamic community have exuded interest in reducing the killings of innocent individuals. Additionally, several organizations champion for elimination of terrorism and related issues. Following the article from Earth Times, Pope Benedict XVI engaged Muslim principals in an effort to diminish terrorism. He was speaking to German Muslim leaders; however, the information was targeting the entire world. It is remarkable that during the summit in Cologne, Pope urged the Muslim leaders to intensify the war shunning terrorism. This was to reduce the incidences, which endangered the lives of innocent individuals. There is a need to inculcate optimism, as well as hope amidst all people instead of panic and pessimism. This is factual since it encourages peaceful coexistence, as well as calling all the leaders to take action against terrorism interrelated attacks. According to Pope, he was echoing his own reflections as a spiritual leader, and did not have any political attachment. Although Muslims commit most terrorist attacks, Pope’s speech did not touch on Islam. This was a show of respect, as well as setting a harmonious path for solving the problem. Most opinionated leaders have been at the forefront in blaming Muslim leaders for the recurring terrorist activities across the globe. It is imperative to declare that the Muslim leaders who were in the meeting responded positively to curtail the act. Not only does terrorism occur in Christian world, but it also prevalent in Islamic communities. This shows that it is a problem that he whole world share, and thus requires a synergistic effort from every fragment of the population. This is why Pope who is a faith leader urges the Islamic leaders to take action to reduce terrorism. “Interfaith dialogue is a necessity at every level: international, regional, and local; working groups on different levels should be established with emphasis on issues such as education, peace building and the promotion of solidarity and understanding among different communities and cultures” (Smock & Huda 3). This quote is significant since it supports the reading; furthermore, it suggests means of curbing terrorism. Ending terrorism is possible through dialogue amid concerned parties. It is notable that another solution to this vice is through comprehending each other’s religion and culture. This move will reduce hostility, as well as clearing blame amongst people, while amplifying cordial coexistence. Confirmation from the Turkish Islam Union, that studying religion and customs is critical in the reduction of terrorism incidences. This shows that the leader was positive towards Pope’s utterances. This shows the importance of the article since it relates with the reading, as well as depicting out the theme
Introduction Tax return position is a position about which a receiver of tax services has an understanding of all material details in a tax return and on the foundation of those details has decided that the position is suitable (Murphy & Higgins, 2009). This essay explores the primary and secondary sources of tax law, substantial authority and the roles of the courts and internal revenue service in interpreting and applying the sources of tax law. Primary sources of tax law Primary sources of tax law consist of the law itself which is formed by a government division and is expressed in constitutions, statutes, court decisions, administrative systems and resolution. Primary sources are considered to be moderately more significant as compared to secondary sources. The sources include statutory sources, administrative sources and judicial sources. Statutory sources or statutory authority includes the constitution, tax treaties and tax laws. The establishment of treaties with other nations and the power and authority to collect and impose taxes are the responsibilities of the constitution. Administrative sources on the other hand include the diverse verdict of the treasury and internal revenue service (IRS) which are issued in the form of regulations, revenues and rulings. Finally, judicial sources consist of the consolidated verdicts of the courts on tax affairs (Smith, Raabe, & Maloney, 2012). Secondary sources of tax law Secondary sources of tax law are usually writings concerning the law. The sources are crucial in the advancement and proper comprehension of the law. Secondary sources include articles, journals, newsletters, treaties and textbooks. Secondary sources are quite superior as compared to primary sources but they are useful in discovering, examining and assessing primary sources. Secondary sources are normally utilized as a preliminary for research especially when primary sources are unavailable, uncertain or not beneficial. Substantial authority Substantial authority is usually used as a criterion for preparation of tax. Substantial authority is a situation that is sufficiently unveiled in the taxpayer’s return, and for which there is a logical basis. A situation is deemed to have substantial authority when the power of the authorities sustaining the position is significant in relation to the power of authorities sustaining differing treatment. All tax treatment of the position, including sources opposing to the position are used in establishing the continuation of substantial authority. The significance given to an authority relies on its applicability, influence and the document category offering the authority (Dickinson, 2008). The role of the courts and IRS in interpreting and applying tax law sources The Internal Revenue Service is an influential body in many areas apart from its administrative roles. Being the protector of
In businesses, laws are required to deal with changes in business structures, ethical expectations of the business, change of business environment and operations and change of other internal and external factors (Meiners, Ringleb & Edwards, 2012). According to Neubauer & Meinhold (2010), most legal systems are made up of major components which include federalism (state, national, or local), multiple sources of law (statutes, constitutions or administrative regulations), judicial decisions (case law), public and private law (international, administrative, criminal, tort, constitutional, contract, property or inheritance laws), Civil law and criminal law (felony, divorce, misdemeanor or property), substantive and procedural law (rights, rules of court or due process of law), remedies (judgment, injunction or monetary damages), and doctrines of access (sue, jurisdiction, class action, political question or justifiability). In most cases, components of legal systems are overlapping and interrelated. A legal system also summarizes the way judges and lawyers think about the law and how they use and apply it (Neubauer & Meinhold, 2010). In addition to legal systems, alternative non-judicial dispute resolution methods may be used to resolve disputes. These methods include arbitration, reconciliation, negotiation and compromise (Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, 2004). Arbitration is a binding, non-judicial and private way of settling disputes between two or more parties. While arbitration is based on a clear agreement between the two parties involved, the reconciliation process involves a third party to resolve differences. A mediator, in this case, is required to resolve existing disputes amicably. Negotiation is also an alternative method of resolving disputes which initiates a discussion process between opposing parties. Compromise on the other hand is a process that involves protagonists ending a pending or actual dispu
Expectations I expect that this course will guide me in dealing with adults at different stages of their lifespan. I believe it is one of the primary abilities any medical worker must acquire before real practice in the clinic. I hope to expand my knowledge regarding any subtleties of adult care and will be able to apply them in real-life scenarios. Nursing Practice Competencies NONPF provides the core competencies for Nurse Practitioners (NP), which are necessary for high-quality patient care. NPS applies information on logical establishments in actual practice for quality consideration (NONPF, 2012). They can use innovation and data education abilities and apply them to improve well-being results, strategy, and medical services conveyance (NONPF, 2012). The NP Core Competencies are obtained through guided patient consideration encounters with an accentuation on free and interprofessional practice. They have insightful abilities for assessing and giving proof-based, patient-focused consideration. Additionally, the medical attendant has progressed information on the medical services conveyance framework. Strengths The strengths which will help me to become a good, qualified practitioner are my logical analysis, attention to detail, and empathy. First of all, a nurse must base his or her remarks on scientific research (Leigh & Roberts, 2017). I am always reliant on proven facts and never try to make assumptions without verifying them. I understand that an evidence-based approach is essential for correct diagnosis and treatment. I am very attentive, notice the details, and use them to make all the necessary conclusions. It is needed when examining patients’ well-being and state and when acting on time in case of complications of the condition (Halcomb et al., 2016). NP should be ethical and think about the best possible outcomes for a patient. I am empathetic towards people and believe that a nurse must have high moral standards. Weaknesses If to talk about weaknesses, I am not very stress-resistant. The nurse’s profession carries many obligations and long hours of dedicative work (Leigh & Roberts, 2017). I sometimes become anxious when there are many stressors.