ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article by Cachon, Randall, & Schmidt (2007) addresses the strength of the bullwhip effect in various American industries. As the topic of the study is not related to the population, the authors do not mention its size and major characteristics. However, they note that the study involves six retail, 18 wholesale, and 50 manufacturing industries; all of them are nonoverlapping (Cachon et al., 2007). The authors do not describe the method of selecting the sample but note that report that all data are obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). As mentioned above, the article features only nonoverlapping industries, which supports unbiased findings and helps authors to avoid possible double-counting (Cachon et al., 2007). Although no characteristics are mentioned, the authors provide a detailed description of all industries selected for the evaluation. Moreover, they note that they have purposefully included seasonally unadjusted data to avoid possible biases in measurements (Cachon et al., 2007). It is possible to say that the sample size of the industries is appropriate for the analysis. The instruments the authors use in their article include the formulas aimed at measuring existing variables, including production in a month, production series, difference operators, amplification ratio, and amplification difference. In addition, the authors analyze the differences between logged production and demand from 1992 to 2006. Cachon et al. (2007) note that the selection of these measurements is determined by the necessity to identify the variance of the industry’s orders, which is correlated with the physical flow into the industry. It is possible to say that most of the utilized measurements are described in terms of purpose, but the language the authors use may not be easily understandable for the non-specialist audience. The measurements are appropriate for measuring the intended variables because they allow the authors to compare demand volatility at different levels of the supply chain and the amplification ratio and difference (Cachon et al., 2007). In addition, the results the study presents reveal that the selected measurements allow for identifying the prevalence of the bullwhip effect and its variation and help the authors to test all of their hypotheses. The authors present evidence indicating that the used measurements are appropriate for the study. For instance, they discuss the reasons for using standard or nonstandard approaches to the analysis of the data they feature (Cachon et al., 2007). Moreover, in some cases, they report why some measurements are included or excluded from the evaluation. For instance, Cachon et al. (2007) note that they have included all available manufacturing series, as there is no overlapping between the codes used in different industries. The authors do not address the validity of the used instrume
Executive Summary Making a successful entry into a market for a new firm require a detailed understanding of the market. In this paper, a detailed marketing and financial plan have been provided for Scholar VR that will enable it to achieve success when it starts its operations. The plan looks at a comprehensive analysis of the market, opportunities and threats, appropriate marketing strategy, implementation plan, and evaluation processes needed. Introduction Company Background Scholar VR is a small virtual reality (VR) planning company that has its headquarters in Manchester, United Kingdom. The firm offers VR services for gaming, music, films, food, and tourism. VR technology is increasingly becoming relevant in modern society. Technology is playing a central role in transforming our society and companies, irrespective of their size, are under pressure to embrace the emerging technologies to ensure that they remain competitive (O’Doherty & Einsiedel 2013). VR technology has been around for some time, and it has proven to be an effective way through which firms can plan their projects and general operations. However, it is apparent that although this technology is approaching its maturity stage, many companies are still unable to use it, especially the small and medium-sized companies. It is, therefore, critical to find ways of ensuring that this technology is made available eve to small firms which are still unable to invest heavily in it (Mihelj, Novak, & Begus 2013). Scholar VR comes up with a product it believes will make VR technology affordable to small and medium companies. The technology will transform the way these firms operate. The firm’s primary market is the United Kingdom. It will target gaming arcades, theme parks, bars, concerts, music festivals, film art students, low-budget film companies, and advertising agencies in the countries. These firms were selected because the nature of their activities requires the use of VR technology, but their low budget makes it almost impossible to embrace the technology. Making this technology affordable will enable them to use it in improving their operations and competing favourably with larger companies. Company Objectives This new company seeks to change the approach that companies have taken when it comes to the use of VR technology. This form of technology has been around for some time, and as such, it should be affordable to as many businesses as possible (Stanković 2016). It should not be a preserve for large financially-empowered companies. The following are t
Introduction Medical research findings have shown that the rate of survival for pediatric patients with cancer has risen over the years. Infertility is a major side effect that is closely associated with cancer treatment. This affects the life of the survivors to a great deal. This paper endeavors to give a critique of a quantitative research study. The research study tries to examine trends in fertility preservation attitudes displayed by pediatric oncology nurses as well as evaluating their degree of awareness on issues to do with fertility preservation. This research study uses the cross-sectional surveys which are applied in gathering information in a population at a single point in time. The study uses independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is attitude that the nurses have towards the fertility preservation while trends in clinical practice on the same serves as a dependent variable. Strengths One of the strengths of the research study is the systematic way in which the study is presented. This makes the study to be comprehensive since it becomes easy for one to link ideas. In displaying the steps that were involved in the process, the study exposes the samples, instruments used and the results obtained from the study (Clayton, Quinn, Ji-Hyun, King, Miree, Nieder & Vadaparampil, 2008). This shows that the study was conducted in a chronological manner hence it is easy to understand the content. The aspect of carrying out the study ion an orderly manner is further evidenced by the way the data is presented, the data is presented in a way that observes clarity, the tables are made in such a way that one can easily make inferences. Generally, the study covers all the relevant points in a sound manner and the research is presented in a reader friendly manner. The study allows for verification. This can be exemplified by the careful use of sources in citations. This is one of the most important elements in any piece of work that may borrow ideas from another source. This shows that the researchers made reference to other sources and most importantly giving the reader a chance to prove the arguments that the author makes in trying to persuade that reader to see his or her point of view or informing the reader. Bryane (2002) notes that readers should be given a chance to prove the ideas that are presented by the author particularly if they have been borrowed from other sources. This
Introduction Management has become a central issue for consideration in the context of economy within the past decades, as it has been proved to play the key role in the organizational process of any company’s activity. It is known that the main objective of a firm in its overall activity is to satisfy the growing and changing needs of customers who become the precondition of every firm’s existence and provide their competitive advantage, allow its profitability and sustainability. A firm’s activity in the economic process depends on many factors, and it goes without saying that every firm has to be guided by many considerations in the process of arranging its economic activity. Every economic organization has to take into account the prevailing macro- and microeconomic situation in the country and all over the world (if the company has grown up to an international scale of influence). Thus, it is clear that the activity of a company is influenced by the changing tendencies of the market in which it functions. Discussion However, in the recent years an opinion that firms play a much larger role in the process of shaping the consumer demand and the overall market has been voiced. This fact has been almost solely guided by the fact that it is the firm that has to “coordinate and motivate people’s economic activity” (Roberts, 2004, p. 74). Thus, one comes to understanding that the purpose of the firm in the contemporary world is shifting its focus and evolving. As stated by John Roberts (2004), the change that took place recently concerns first of all the structure of an organization and its management process. “This new model permitted an efficient solution to the incredibly complicated problem of coordinating and motivating large numbers of people carrying out a complex of interrelated activities, often in different locations. It thus allowed giant, multiproduct business organizations to emerge and function effectively on a continental and then global scale. The new design also led to a huge growth in the number of people working as managers and to the emergence of a set of values and norms that mark management as a profession” (Roberts, 2004, p. 1). Thus, it is clear what the author wants to emphasize by speaking about motivation and creativity in the managerial environment of the innovation model of the firm. One can see that the shift of focus of managerial activity has been changed from imposition and control to coordination and motivation, which proves to be much more efficient a practice than the latter one. This idea is not voiced only by John Roberts – a genius of management and economics, a world-famous scientist Herbert A. Simon (1995) also admits the change in focus of attention that has recently taken place: “A large part of the behavior of the system now takes place inside the skins of firms, and does not consist just of market exchanges… most of the actors in a modern economy are employees” (p. 273). Herbert A. Simon is not alone in paying precise attenti
America’s foreign policy has for a long time entailed a powerful idealist element and has therefore aimed at promoting democracy abroad. As a matter of fact, USA has been in a constant endeavor to promote democracy in the Middle East even though it has involved a lot of unprecedented forcefulness. The two main reasons for this are; democracy has been a key principle in the neo-conservative world view and to contribute to the peaceful resolution of the conflict in the region (Terry, 2008). The emergence of these democracy promotion misconceptions in the Middle East by US can be dated back to 2001. The promotion of democracy was done in various levels. The first level entailed policy initiatives that consisted of a cluster of projects to support civil society organizations and reform state institutions with an aim of encouraging democratic change. Democracy promotion has since been emphasized by USAID with an aim of alleviating poverty and boosting the Security of America. This notwithstanding, US directed most of its efforts towards the Middle East that necessitated the initiation of Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) in 2002. This initiative mainly focused its attention on political, economic, women rights as well as educational issues (Dunne & Mulaj, 2010). The second phase of US democracy promotion in the Middle East has entailed public as well as traditional diplomacy. Since 2001, state officials have often emphasized that democratic reforms in the Middle East are the main goals of the US policy. As a matter of fact, during his speech at the National Endowment of Democracy in 2003, the former US president Bush laid a lot of emphasis on democratic change in the Middle East. In addition, the launching of Radio Sawa as well as Al Hurrah television station whose main target was the young generation in Arab was mainly aimed at promoting reforms. In the final phase, the endorsement of democracy has indeed become a central part of a domineering US policy in the Middle East, as evident in the occupation and invasion of Iraq. For instance, in the case of Afghanistan, the Iraq combat in 2003 was justified on the grounds of self-defense against terrorism and the manufacturing of alleged armaments of mass destruction. This was despite the fact that democratization was an integral part of the underlying principle of military action (Sirrriyeh, 2007). The American administration maintained that after becoming democratic, Iraq would naturally become America’s friend, and that the occurrence would promote reforms in other Arab nations. Political change in the Middle East could be just a mere illusion. This is because the US government handles the democracy issue with its Arab friends quite differently from its Arab enemies. This creates some inconsistency as it appears that the US government does not press friendly regimes as hard in order to shelter them from the damage attributed from democratic reforms. More often than not it appears that the US commits money and troops to support democracy only when its vital interests are affected. The book “Myths, Il
Living in dormitories has its own advantages and disadvantages. Basically, it depends on the perspective of the students how they want to spend their lives. There are some students who prefer the warmth of their homes rather than the dormitories, where they have to live with strangers. Such students want to share their happiness and sorrows with their parents. On the other hand, there are students who want to explore the world and want to become independent and confident. Such students prefer dormitory life as it gives them ample opportunity to interact with people from different cultures and backgrounds. Dormitory life is all about adapting to a new lifestyle where people with different habits and intellectuality levels live together. There are times when this particular environment might pose problems for students like privacy, different mindsets, incongruity, etc. Problems may creep in as minor issues such as cleaning, loud music, smoking, etc. Initially, these issues might seem to be critical but if the roommates tackle them wisely, dormitory life has no comparison. There are certain things that the dormitory residents have to do as part of their duties. Cleaning the rooms is one such duty that can be managed well if the roommates make a schedule by mutual consent. They can clean their rooms turn wise. Other dormitory duties may also be scheduled to avoid confusion and conflict. This will not pinch any of the residents. Another problem is faced mainly during the examination times and that is listening to loud music. We all are civilized human beings and students should understand the complexity of the situation because if one of the roommates listens to loud music, the others will not be able to concentrate on their studies. It’s good that ADU dormitories have a ban on smoking and consumption of alcohol within the premises ( Student Housing Policy, 2012, p. 3) otherwise this could create a greater nuisance. ADU dormitories have strict rules pertaining to discipline within the premises. The male inmates are required to be in the hostel before 12 am and the time limit for female inmates is 10 pm. Visitors are allowed inside the dormitories only from 8 am until 9 pm. Only male visitors may enter male dormitories and only female visitors may enter female dormitories ( Student Housing Policy, 2012, p. 2). Apart from the ban on smoking and alcohol, if any student is found indulging in any sort of illegal activity that is against the UAE law, strict action is taken against the offender and in certain extreme offences, the case is referred to the local police. The offenders are barred from entering the hostel premises forever ( Student Housing Policy, 2012, p. 2). Due to such strict rules and regulations, the dormitory life is very peaceful and safe. Students are able to devote time towards their studies without any apprehensions. One thing that seems to be pinching is the stipulation that students are responsible for any damage to the furniture. With the passage of time, lik
Introduction The class survey conducted to establish the relationship between extraversion and the need for achievement yielded a correlation. The results astoundingly yielded a correlation of r=0.39. In the following discussion, the reasons based on the survey and the correlation outcome is discussed. The survey conducted targeted identified extraverts from identified classes. Methods The survey employed mainly qualitative methods. The design included identification of sample using random sampling method. In the first place, possible extraverts were served with questionnaires that served as identification tools. Some of the questions asked directed required the respondents to identify themselves with extraversion. The results were above 61% for this questionnaire. Secondly, main sampling was randomly conducted and participants selected for the study. In total, we recruited 80 participants. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants and follow up made to enhance good response. On the other hand, interviewing was conducted Results The response level of the 80 participants was over 80%. Agreement results to the questions of the study were distributed to reflect new findings that were not even the core of the study. For instance, a discernable number of participants answered the questions according to the interpretation of the word “Achievement”. The results showed that need for achievement was distributed based on academic subjects of interest. Others revealed trends related to sporting activities. Despite the choice of the field of achievement, analysis of the results revealed that there exist a strong relationship between extraversion and need of achievement. The results were analyzed using correlation method. Correlation of the two variables, extraversion and need for achievement, yielded an r=0.39. This indicated a strong relationship between extraversion and need for achievement. Discussion The discussion conceptualizes the validity of the findings based on the methods employed in the conducting the research. This is important because it justifies the correlation results of r=0.39. The concepts link the results to activities that participants related to their extraversion character and need for achievement. They are discussed as follows. The concept of extraversion attaches weight on a person’s character to get inclined to his/her social surrounding. The need of achievement is viewed as an urge to excel above others’ standards. Extraversion and professionalism There was proof from the survey that extraversion shapes most of the students professionalism. In the class survey, professionalism was not limited to the academic achievements alone. It was generalized to cover all professions available in the current world. To this point, there is a sizable interest to link the extraversion to
Hollywood is, as Murray Smith suggests, ‘a multi – facetted creature’ and cannot be reduced to a single essence, ‘Old’ or ‘New’. Changes at one level; are related to changes at another, but there is no guarantee that they match up tidily. Much has changed in Hollywood since the ‘classical’ or ‘studio’ era, a period that is itself subject to conflicts of definition. But a good deal has remained the same. In some cases different strategies have been used to secure more familiar ends. Sweeping definitions of ‘New’ Hollywood as something entirely different overlook important continuities and are often based on simplified generalizations about the earlier period. How do we find a way around these confusions? We need to establish precisely what is and is not new about ‘New’ Hollywood, to identify its distinctive
Much research has been conducted in the relation to the children’s eating behavior and the influence of the television advertising. The core problem which is discussed within the research is the children’s obesity and the influence of the programs children watch on its spread and increase. Harris, Bargh, & Brownell (2009) conducted a research on the influence of food advertising during watching TV on the increase of obesity in children. The amount of snacks children consumed during and after watching food advertising on TV increased dramatically. In general, children ate on 45% more from what they got used to eat when they do not watch TV. Students of the elementary school consume much more snacks, both healthy and unhealthy, during and after watching a cartoon with food advertising in the comparison with those who watch cartoons with other types of advertising. Snack is a portion of food which differs greatly in size from the ordinary portion of meal. Snack is usually eaten irregularly as additional meal, between the regular main meals. 118 children participated in the research conducted by Harris, Bargh, & Brownell (2009), but only 108 subjects provided full data which makes it possible to analyze it and draw conclusions. The age of the participants of the experiment ranged from 7 to 11. Children were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was shown the cartoon “Disney’s Recess” which lasts for 14 minutes with four 30 seconds food advertising. Another group watched the same cartoon, but with four 30 seconds nonfood commercials. The results of the research have shown that children who watch food advertising as a part of a cartoon ate much more snacks (28.5 gr.) while the research than those who watched nonfood commercial (19.7 gr.). The experiment was conducted without gender differentiation among children aged between 7 and 11 years old. As the children were not informed about the main idea of the experiment, most of them stated that they noticed ads, but they did not pay much attention to those as they believed that the main idea of the experiment is cartoon and mood. The participants of the experiment were offered different kinds of snacks, vegetables, cookies, trail mix, snack mix, and multigrain chips. The research has proven the direct connection between food commercials and the amount of food children eat while watching. It should be noticed that the influence of brand of the food does not influence the results of the research. According to our observations and the further research results, it can be stated that advertising may change children’s nutrition habits (Nota, Caceres, & Cousin, 2010) as living in the modern world the half of food advertising (50%) is devoted to fast food and chocolate (Zuppa, Morton, & Mehta, 2003) which is different from what we got used to consume. The research in different countries show that children in Australia, different countries of Asia, Wester