ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The act of balancing professional duty and personal life is always a delicate matter for most people. This is especially when it comes to those who work in the healthcare industry. This is due to the long working hours, the concentration required, and the high stakes involved. Notably, physicians have a strong desire to have a great work-life balance. Essentially, work-life balance is the satisfaction in all spheres of one’s life. This includes professional and personal life, as well as all other areas such as professional development and recreational activities among others. Having this balance has certain advantages in that it makes one more efficient and focused (Berry, par. 2). In the event that a physician is always unhappy, has stress from home, or his/her schedule does not reflect a balance among the many activities that take place in his/her life, such a physician is likely to suffer depression, reduced levels of performance, as well as conflict with colleagues and family. Such level of stress and tiredness is likely to trigger an urge to change careers among most physicians. These physicians find no happiness or fulfillment from the work. Despite the low number of women in leadership, the health care industry has a significant number of women in leadership positions. From a survey carried out in 2007, the healthcare sector had 22.1% of CEOs as women while the other 77.9% were men. Another study undertaken by the University of Michigan sought to determine the sex of administrators in US hospitals. The results found that about a quarter (24%) of senior administrators were female (Poppe par. 5). This new increase can be attributed to the fact that women are now having children after climbing the ladder of management. However, the numbers are still significantly lower than that of men. In this case, rising to the top requires a lot of dedication and sacrifices at a personal level. Women have to take a maternity leave, which often disadvantages them as they have to catch up with their male colleagues. However, with the continued introduction of reform measures seeking to facilitate work-life balance for most women, the future portends several benefits to women. In this regard, they will be able to compete on a level ground for management in the health care industry (Silverman par. 3). Works Cited Berry, Emily. Achieving work-life balance: More than just a ju
Introduction Commerce plays a significant role in our day-to-day life. We are constantly in trade amongst ourselves and with the corporation for food, clothing, accessories, and cosmetics among various things. All these in a bid make us better and more comfortable (Lewis, Tamparo, and Tatro 2012). For the last three decades, this has expanded to the trade and commercialization of human body parts. An especially tricky area that has spurred the debate between non-malfeasance and beneficence, one having to not harm and the other the moral obligation to do what is right. It is indeed interesting as it engages all stakeholders in the dilemma (Anton, Silberglitt, and Schneider 2012). This memo discusses policies advocating proper bioethics. Opinion I chose this method because I’m a firm believer in individual rights freedoms and liberties. For this reason, I believe that I may not always agree with the opinion of another person. Nevertheless, for the simple reason that they have the right and freedom to express themselves, they should under no circumstance remain victimized, or their rights undermined. For this reason, if a person wishes to have their organs harvested they should be allowed to do so, and if they don’t wish the same, their wishes should be respected at all costs. Statement of the Problem The government has the moral obligation to ensure human dignity and at the same time, it is struggling with the implementation of a person’s democratic right to freedom and liberty. In the current capitalistic setup, engaging in business for profit is good since there are willing buyers and sellers (Lewis, Tamparo, and Tatro 2012). Medical practitioners are also facing the same dilemma between ethics and moral duty. The patients on the other hand also are confronting the same dilemma and to them, it’s probably worse as they are the ones the worst affected by this debate both directly and indirectly. Literature review The commercialization of body parts is now a booming trade that covers all areas of the globe. Body parts get commercialized for cosmetic value and health purposes (Finegold 2005). The countries where most of this takes place are Brazil, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Venezuela amongst others. It should be noted that the practice is a worldwide affair; all countries participate in this relationship on some level. The moral and ethical debates have played a big role in shaping the environment in which this business takes place. Due to legislation some of these transplants are limited to specific locations and conditions under which they happen. (Lewis, Tamparo and Tatro 2012). Cosmetic surgeries are those performed to enhance the appearance of a person. Major examples of this cosmetic surgery i
Introduction Thermodynamics involves the investigation of energy and the various forms to which it changes (Simões and Piedade 3). When studying thermochemistry, it is crucial to consider any change in energy associated with a chemical reaction. Both physical and chemical changes must have an accompanying alteration in energy. This change is sometimes experienced as heat flow or accomplishment of work. Enthalpy, H, is a state function that measures the heat content, q, of a body at constant pressure. Under the same pressure, the change in enthalpy is usually equivalent to the reaction heat. Change in enthalpy is usually denoted by ΔH. A chemical reaction that evolves heat is an exothermic reaction whereas a reaction that absorbs heat is said to be endothermic. In an exothermic reaction, ΔH is usually a negative value (less than 0) whereas, in endothermic reactions, the value is greater than 0 (a positive value). Enthalpy changes can be determined through experiments by measuring the temperature changes in the course of a chemical reaction. The drift of energy from one body (with a higher temperature) to another body (with a lower temperature) is measured in terms of heat, q. It is possible to compute the mathematical value for the reaction heat by cautiously keeping an eye on changes that arise during a chemical reaction. Quantifying the flow of heat is called calorimetry (Simões and Piedade 3). Specialized equipment that carries out this function is the calorimeter. In the determination of the reaction heat for a particular experiment, a reaction occurs inside a calorimeter. Heat changes are measured inside the calorimeter. Calorimetry follows the Law of Conservation of Energy which implies that the quantity of heat lost by one body is the same heat gained by a different body (Wilson 32). This experiment aimed at constructing a calorimeter, determining its specific heat capacity and thereafter using the same calorimeter to resolve the molar enthalpy of neutralization for HCl. Experimental Part 1: Calibration: Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter A calorimeter was constructed by layering two polystyrene cups together. A thermometer was then carefully slipped into a rubber stopper with a hole. The polystyrene cups were then put in a 400ml beaker for the purposes of stability. The thermometer was positioned in the opening of the cardboard cover and its position was fiddled with to avoid the thermometer getting too deep into the calorimeter. This was because the thermometer was not supposed to get in touch with the base of the cup. The weight of the calorimeter without its lid was taken and recorded using an analytical balance. 50 ml of deionized water was added to the calorimeter and the weight was taken and documented. The calorimeter’s cover was replaced, and the system was left to attain thermal equilibrium for about 10 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature was measured to the nearest 0.1 o C and recorded. 50ml of deionized wat
Introduction Fire is one of the biggest factors that determine management and development taking place in forests around the world. Evolution of certain forest ecosystems has been associated with frequent fires resulting from either human or natural causes while other ecosystems are impacted negatively by forest fires. Cases of massive destruction of forests from fire are recorded every year leading to huge economic losses. The losses occur owing to the fact that livelihoods, timber, housing, environmental and other recreational facilities are destroyed . Most of the wildfires occurring in forests nowadays are caused by the wrong use of fire in transforming forests into useful agricultural land, sustaining grazing activities, hunting, preparing land for mineral extraction and establishment of industries among other uses. Land conflicts and negligence such as dropping cigarettes may also be another source of forest fires. Forest fires have been deemed as the single most channel through which great destruction of forests occur but it also serves as an important method of checking the health composition of certain ecosystems. The conventional perspective that fire is destructive and should be fought immediately leads to the view that it is in fact possible for fire to be used as a management tool in some acceptable ecological conditions. Background of Kuwait Oil Wells In February 1938, discoveries were made that the Burgan field in Kuwait was rich in oil. The desert part of Kuwait had been observing unusual black patches but it was not until investigations were done that it was discovered that g
The kinship system practiced in China is categorized as a Sudanese kinship system (also known as descriptive system) applied in defining families. This kind of kinship system is the most complex kinship system as there is a clear distinct title for each member of the kin depending on gender, age, generation and lineage. According to the Chinese culture, both the male and female family members have clear distinguished roles. They tend to give priority to male members as they enjoy the position of prestige and power while the women’s positions seems much bleaker and she may only have a position in the society if she is able to bare a male child (Wolf 1994, 227). Margery Wolf in her study found out in every about 93 women, only 4% to 5% of them would prefer staying with their daughters but only if they failed to produce male children as staying with your daughter meant loosing the ‘face’ in the society which had the perception that depending on a daughter was a shameful practice. According to Wolf (1994, 226), “in the Chinese kinship system a woman’s real family includes her uterine family that includes the woman’s mother and her mother’s children.” Wolf in her book tries to explain the benefits of having uterine families in Chinese kinship system stating that both the uterine family of a woman’s maternal parent and her individual uterine relations is created through delivery of children becomes crucial factors that contribute to a woman’s’ contentment in her life. Chinese culture is a male dominated kin of culture hence women have no definitive positions in the family. Facts show that the female children in China were being deserted by their parents while others were being sold off due to the customary norms of the Chinese people who favored baby boys as opposed to girls and in addition they had been constrained to have small sized families by the government in an attempt to reduce the fast growing population. This attempt of controlling the population had negative effects to many thousands of female babies being born. Information shows that female children were being carried away from their biological families by the city administrators at a cost of about $3,200 as their adoption charge which has motivated many city administrators who carry out the adoption processes. The author continues to explain that the uterine family system was not an official name in the Chinese patriarchal family but tries to explain the benefits of having the women bond with their children because through the bond formed with their children, they were able to achieve their various material and cultural goals. The configuration set by this unnamed activity created a platform for Wolf to argue that uterine family was part of the kinship system in China. A woman is termed as a temporary member of the family and is not considered to hold any position in her father’s family. As soon as she is married, the ties be
Introduction The systems thinking as a concept aims to alleviate obstacles hindering growth in an organization. Therefore, it is an appropriate problem-solving model when it comes to developing a firm into a learning organization. Peter Senge developed this model in his book, The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization (1990). Systems thinking enables leaders or individuals to see and understand the connections between parts and events. Such interrelations include structural organization, customer relations, sales, decision-making process, among other procedures. However, this article will borrow from the fundamental discipline that Senge refers to as a learning organization. Consequently, this will help to unearth the shortcomings within the business world, particularly the motor manufacturing industry. This article seeks to analyze the perceptions of the workers towards team learning since it forms the integral part of a successful organization. The main problem and the factors contributing to the problem In the business world today, everyone aspires to remain competitive to survive in the market. However, to achieve visible results has proved to be costly in terms of planning and management. In a bid to achieve efficacy in an organization, it is necessary to evaluate the drawbacks curtailing growth within the organization. In this case, the problem is lack of coordination due to the hierarchy within the organization. Thus, it presents the management of such industry the challenge to come up with the best policies that promote teamwork as a way to improve coordination. Poor decision-making results from the lack of team coordination, which in turn requires team learning (Meadows & Wright, 2008). The main themes leading to poor coordination include the bureaucratic structure and poor leadership. The bureaucratic system embraces a situation whereby workers receive orders from their leaders thus restricting them from performing fully within the organization. According to Senge (2014), systems thinking in business works in a similar way as the human body system whereby the coordination of various body organs results in functioning of the whole. Handling a complex situation requires from one to identify where the leverage lies. Leverage is an action that can lead to a sustainable and profound change. The main problem in the motor industry is that the leverage changes often appear insignificant to most of the team members. “ What is really going on?” Identifying the central connection underlying an issue enables one to identify what is going on and sheds light on what might be the solution. In the case of the motor industry, balancing industry growth and capacity building are an evolving problem. Thus, team learning should be a regular process. From a systems perspective, one can see the trends that are repeated lead to growth or decline (Meadows & Wright, 2008). Some of the patterns that repeat include production of low-quality products resulted from poor management. The leverage, in this case, might involve unearthin
Sex offenders are considered to be “the lowest of the law” and the outcasts of society (Griffin & West, 2006, p. 167). However, this opinion is imposed by law enforcement, mass media, and politicians. All of these make people believe that sex offender are hopeless and unimprovable since they can not live without one more committed crime. Is it the truth or only a popular belief? The society view of sex offenders The majority thinks that sex offenders exist separately from any other criminals, as well as a sex offense is a unique kind of crime. Many people even equate sex offenses to sex disorders. Besides, the community believes that the recidivism rates for sex crimes are the highest, although this opinion is based on nothing. Finally, every released sex offender has to register himself and let the community know about his presence. Nevertheless, there is no other type of criminal, including murderers, who are obliged to do the same. As a result, according to different studies, after release sex offenders, as well as their close friends and members of the families, are often exposed to violence (Griffin & West, 2006). The recidivism rates for sex crimes There are several studies, according to which the recidivism rates for sexual assaults is not lower than 80%. However, all of them are unfounded and based on vague beliefs and opinions. As reported by Griffin and West (2004), 1994 research revealed that more than 45% of released sex criminals were re-arrested during the following three years. However, not all of those arrests were because of sex assaults. For example, only 2.5% of all arrested committed rape. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2003), research showed that only 5.3% of sex offenders were rearrested for another sex crime within three years after the release. Moreover, non-sex offenders have much higher recidivism rates (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003). Finally, the number of different sex offenses decreased by 65% in 2004 in comparison to 1994. So, the statistics are, in fact, promising. Types of treatment and their effectiveness The best way to reduce the number of repeated sex offenses is to provide sexual deviants with appropriate treatment. According to Griffin and West (2006), there are several methods of therapy: physical, non-behavioral, and behavioral. From my point of view, one of the most effective is psychopharmacological treatment, which is a part of a physical one. It requires an offender to take medications, usually hormones, that can decrease their sexual desire. I consider this method as the most effective since sex offenders usually commit crimes because of sex addiction. The behavioral approach is also helpful because it examines criminals’ cognitive distortions. The weakest method of treatment is non-behavioral (group therapy and so on). It is hard to determi
Introduction In his article, “The Case for Contamination”, Kwame Anthony Appiah presents an interesting argument towards the development of an understanding of views, cultures and perspectives rather than an imposition of what many believe to be the “correct” method of living life and practicing aspects related to culture and religion. Culture, in the view of Appiah, is an ever shifting aspect of a society that changes as time goes on. While it may be true that there are cultural traditions that have passed the test of time, such as in the case of the Igorot tribe within the Philippines, the fact remains that the “traditional” aspects that many perceive as a form of cultural heritage of various societies at the present may in fact have been heavily influenced by previous cultures and cannot be considered truly traditional or even original. Evidence of this within the article can be seen in the case where numerous West African prints and garments made of silk that are produced within the Bonwire region actually have their origins in the trading routes of Europe and Asia. It is this and other such examples throughout the world that is clear evidence that cultures change over time and adapt to new developments within their external environments. Thus, from the perspective of Appiah, the current practices of cultural preservation that are being attempted through international organizations such as UNESCO are inherently flawed since they attempt to force people towards a particular type of culture that is not subject to change when in fact change is what defines it and makes it all the more interesting. It is this disdain towards the concept of imposition that forms the foundation of Appiah’s argument against the neo-fundamentalists and their concept of the “ummah”. For Appiah, it is the intolerant universalism within some religions that is incompatible with modern society since such aspects have often resulted in some of the greatest tragedies and conflicts seen in the world today. Religion in Appiah’s Analysis Within the analysis of Appiah, he presents the notion that the universal intolerance or partial tolerance advocated by various religions cannot result in any significant positive results within the current global community. The main essence of his paper is that people should be given a choice regarding what they wish to do, how they wish to portray themselves as and the means by which they choose to express their faith. By creating a certain degree of imposition, as seen in the case of various international organizations imposing international treaties of cultural preservation on local populations, this in effect prevents local cultures and societies from evolving and adapting. This, in the words of Appiah, can result in the death of a culture since a stagnant non-evolving culture with the same views and perspectives does not represent a condition that is at all comparable to their potential as an evolving society that could potentially pr
Introduction Wathe g the Dog is a 1997 film produced by Barry Levinson starring Robert De Niro and Dustin Hoffman (Ebert, 1998). It co-starred Denis Leary, Anne Heche, and William Macy. The film focuses on a Washington spin-doctor who hires a film producer to develop a false war in order to direct people’s attention from a sex scandal involving the president (Ebert, 1998). The movie was adapted from the storyline of the book American Hero written by Larry Beinhart (Wilson, 1998). It was produced during a period when the president of America (Bill Clinton) was involved in a sex scandal. Plot summary The film starts with an anonymous president of the US soliciting sexual favors from an underage girl in a private room. This incident takes place two weeks before an election in which the president is seeking reelection (Wilson, 1998). Winifred Ames, the president’s consultant advises him to seek help from a renowned spin-doctor and political specialist, Conrad Brean. To divert the public’s attention from the sex scandal, spin-doctor Brean is asked to do something (Wilson, 1998). Brean uses a nonconventional strategy to achieve this objective. He fabricates a fake war with Albania to induce the media into directing their attenti