ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Broadbanding   * In broadbanding, the job grades verses spot salary is used in making the decision.   * Broadbanding is critical in managing human resources since it accounts for the value of every unit of labor given in line with job group.   * Implementation of broadbanding is very easy and economical.   * In broadbanding, it is easier to identify exemplary performance from employees.   * Broadbanding has created a very flexible means of managing the labor force.   * Broadbanding is associated with limited internal pay relatively, especially due to the fact that the system has little control in the progression of salaries.   * Broadbanding is not suitable for properly structured organizations with clear hierarchical order and defined roles for the different groups of employees.   * Broadbanding suits organizations that are flat (flexible and tolerant to lateral movement.   * Highly structured organizations should adopt the traditional multi-grade structure in salary verses role determination. Factors to Consider When Applying Broadbanding   * Pay satisfaction is a central element of employee attraction and retention.   * Pay adequacy and equity are the determinants of pay satisfaction.   * Equity theory requires employees to be evaluated through comparison of the ratio of their inputs and outputs with the ratio of input and output of other employees.   * The inputs take different forms. For instance, what the job contributes, the extra role behavior exhibited by the employee and personal contributions. How to distribute the pay rise   * In most cases, the management distributes annual pay rise uniformly to all employees. In such cases, it is computed as a percentage increase of current salaries of the employees.   * However, the hard working employees might feel unmotivated since non hard working employees also receive the same share.   * As an alternative, management often distributes the pay rise based on the performance of the employees. This ensures equitable distribution of the pay rise. There are steps that the manager needs to follow to achieve this equitable distribution. What Will Make Broadbanding a Success   * Training and development form part of organizational strategy mostly because organizations are characterized by numerous expansions without and within the region. Consequently, there is a need to merge organizational skills, knowledge, and culture with the new challenges and demands of broadbanding (Heathfield 2011).   * Organizations need to use broadbanding largely because they operate in a highly competitive sector. Broadbanding ensures that the company remains ahead of the competition.   * Management ought to realize that there is no better way to achieve this rather than through the use of broadbanding, training, and development.   * Further, the management should evaluate the effectiveness of broadbanding in realizing the goals and objectives of the company. Finally, the management of the company should use the outcomes of broadbanding system in decision making that relate promotions and transfers within the organization. The Scope of Broadbanding   * Broadbanding involves jobs grouping
A work of art’s subject and its content are different and yet closely connected concepts, as well as its essential components. According to Fichner-Rathus (2016), “the subject is the what of a work of art—people, places, things, themes, processes, events” (p. 4). This statement means that there are discernible visual elements that are accessible to nearly all human beings and can be perceived as something representing or resembling reality. In turn, “content refers to a work’s array of intangible aspects: the emotional, intellectual, psychological, symbolic elements” (Fichner-Rathus, 2016, p. 5). Hence, the content involves the particular thought behind the piece of art, which can be understood through the subject. Thus, the content differs from the subject in its abstract nature, referring to ideas rather than the material world. The contrast and interdependence of the subject and content of art could be seen in the sculpture Tourists by Duane Hanson made in 1970. The apparent subject of this work is a couple of people, a male and a female, both old-aged. They are dressed in bright colors, and their clothes resemble stereotypical American attire for vacations: the man wears a t-shirt with palm trees and has a camera, and the woman—sunglasses, bold pants for weekends, and a spacious patterned bag. Both persons are in the position of waiting or observing something. Yet, the content of this work is more complicated than it seems. These people were probably average consumers of the time 60s when the author worked on the sculpture. They are perhaps from the middle class and devote their free time to vacation trips in the decade when there is no economic crisis that would disturb them so that they are participating in the careless and meaningless process of spending their money. Hence, Hanson conveys the meaning of troubles and yet eager to new experience existence through the details, such as the clothes, the equipment of the couples, and the postures. Therefore, the subject of the sculpture, namely tourists, is complemented by the idea of ironizing about the lack of worries among ordinary people with economically stable status. Reference Fichner-Rathus, L. (2016). Understanding art (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Reading Widel Reading only what one can relate to, erodes history, isolating a student from world affairs. This kills the educative purpose of books, which is to expose students to a diversity of cultures and occurrences. Instead of exposing students to what they can relate to; students should be introduced to stories on other cultures and ideas outside their experience to broaden their perspective of the entire world. A diversity of stories jungle the mind broadens ones perception and give students a different approach to life (Bruns 21). Reading widely gives one a glimpse into other cultures and places, broadening one’s knowledge of the world. Stories about other cultures and places, both real and fiction empower one to think outside the box and develop a comprehensive approach about life in general. Reading what one can relate to is inadequate in that there is nothing new to learn kills imagination and lacks motivation. This also limits a student’s imagination and creativity and creates an illusionary perception about the world. The present cannot exist without the past, thus, for students to understand the events of “here and now”, they need an understanding of the past. This knowledge can only be found in books relating to the past. For example, students need to read about the first and Second World War for them to understand current economic trends, religion, and civil relationships. Historical books thus bridge the gap between the past and present for students. Books are custodians of culture, and it is fundamental for students to gain insight into the origins of culture. Readings across time and culture help to shape the character of students by developing personal skills like self-esteem and self-discipline. Students exercise self-discipline when they dedicate their time to read through a book, understand the context and apply it to social aspects of life. Comparison of Movies and Books Movies are slowly replacing short stories (Halsted 188). Unfortunately, movies are short, leave little to imagination, are limited in scope, suffer from immediacy and shallowness and mostly serve as entertainment. Short stories, on the other hand, have themes that transcend across time and border, inspire imagination and encourage participation (Bruns 21-23; Halsted 189). For example, in order to “see” Paley’s subway car and Baldwin’s nightclub, one has to visualize the car color, feel the mood in the crowd, and hear the music in the club. Books, unlike movies, develop a student’s skills in concentration and focus, as well as encourage self-discipline. Books are po
Introduction In my work, I shall consider how ideology is used to support Arab Muslim oppression and discrimination. Facts from all over the world show that lately, Islamic people have faced unprecedented persecution and discrimination. For example, after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, Americans see Muslims as facing more discrimination inside the country than any other religious or ethnic group. Nearly 60% of adults said that Muslims were subject to a lot of discrimination. So, the question arises as to the reason for this discrimination. Facts show that all over the world ideology is used to support Arab Muslim oppression and discrimination, and what is this ideology? Main body To speak about this important issue I believe it is important to specify the term discrimination in itself. Discrimination is the unjust attitude to certain individuals based on their being a part of a particular group or category of people. It involves offensive acts and works towards these individuals, for example excluding or restricting members of this group from advantages that are available to other individuals. In this work, I will consider numerous sad facts which show the way Arabs and Muslims are oppressed all over the world and how their oppressors explain their behavior. Muslims are oppressed around the world: in the US, in Chechnya, Iraq, East Turkestan, Palestine, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Burma, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Azerbaijan, Nigeria, and more. Nowadays, especially after 9/11, Muslims became targets of abusive and sometimes violent retaliatory attacks. According to Casciani, “some Arabs in the UK said they had suffered subtle discrimination at school or the workplace, others had suffered physical or verbal abuse on public transport. Several children were also recorded as having been attacked because of their faith, said the authors.”(2004) They also face economical discrimination as applying for jobs became a problem for them. According to Connor: “The unemployment rate among British Muslim men is around 13 percent, which is approximately three times higher than the rate among men belonging to other faiths. Young Muslims are at even higher risk of being unemployed. Muslims aged between 16 and 24 have the highest jobless rates of any group and are more than twice as likely to be unemployed compared to Christians of the same age, with a jobless rate of 28 percent compared with 11 percent, according to the Office of National Statistics.”(2010) The same situation is evident in the other western countries, for example, France where always lived numerous Arabs reported a high level of unemployment among Arab citizens, which never happened before. So what causes the world society to act like this toward Arab people? The aggressive oppression and discrimination toward Islamic people are explained by the fact that Muslims are viewed as ‘troublemakers’ all over the world. People are only motivated with what they see, hear and fear and after 9/11 the atmosphere around Muslims is quite fearful as over 16
The responsibilities of a criminal justice administrator concerning employees’ rights are quite diverse. A variety of acts defines the appropriate conditions of employment, including the Fair Labor and Standards Act, Equal Pay Act, and several anti-discrimination acts (Peak, 2011). Apart from that, the rights of criminal justice employees can “arise out of federal and state constitutions, statutes, administrative regulations, and judicial interpretations and rulings” (Peak, 2011, p. 297). For example, the right to privacy is guaranteed by a complex of legislative documents. In particular, even though the Constitution does not include a direct reference to such a right, it contributes the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Ninth Amendments, which include various parts of the complex notion of the right to privacy (Miller, 2016, p. 48). An employer is expected to comply with privacy requirements, but it is notable that in certain cases, the line between private life and duty is blurred, which may change the attitude of the law to the rights of an employee. Examples of such incidents include the Pool v. VanRheen (2002) case, which is concerned with the First Amendment and the freedom of speech infringement that was deemed justifiable under the circumstances. In Pool v. VanRheen (2002), Pool’s First Amendment rights were considered to be outweighed by the “legitimate administrative interests” of her department after she had written a very harsh letter that dwelled on its organization, management, and employees (p. 911). The incident resulted in Pool’s demotion. It is noteworthy that Pool’s letter was created after an apparent case of discrimination that was directed against her, which might have justified her right to the freedom of expression, but in this particular case, the “administrative interests” of her department were considered to be more significant, and the demotion was deemed acceptable. It is noteworthy that this example of a judicial interpretation affecting a Constitutional right of an employee demonstrates that there is a complex relationship between the employees’ rights that are guaranteed by different sources. Apart from that, it clearly shows that the relationship between the employer responsibilities and employees’ rights may lead to controversial cases. Drug testing at the workplace is another controversial issue, which can be regarded as anti-constitutional (against the Fourth Amendment) but which is still required for several settings in the form of pre-employment, follow-up,
Interestingly, this lecture had very few video clips. This could be because the topic of personality is complex, and more time was necessary for explanation by the lecturer. Personality is explained as a theoretical construct—an abstraction necessary to explain the relationship between facts. All this really means is that there is no physical thing inside of us all that can be pointed at and labeled our personality. The concept is meant to integrate and explain how and why people behave differently from one another, while still maintaining continuity in their respective lives. The lecturer explains that personality is an individual’s way of feeling, thinking, and acting. A personality of relative strength integrates the way a person perceives himself, and his reality. The lecturer states that when we lose this integrity—our sense of identity—we no longer are “normal”. From my perspective, this is both the product and the producer of a weak personality. In other words, a weak personality means that a person has allowed himself to be conditioned to fly in the direction of even the most modest breezes. Once conditioned, however, a measure of control is lost. By far the most interesting thing the lecturer shares with his class is the following:   * Watch your thoughts; they become words   * Watch your words; they become actions,   * Watch your actions; they become habits,   * Watch your habits; they become character,   * Watch your character; it becomes your destiny. This sequence explains how personality emerges. It resonated with me deeply because in the past I have convinced myself to think, say,
For the last few years, I have been working as a teller for the Bank of America. The bank began its business in the mid 20 th century. Currently, the organization has more than 300 branches in the US and 8 branches abroad. Being one of the largest banks in the world, the Bank of America is said to be among the most diverse global companies. In our institution, bank tellers make the largest group of employees most clients associate with in their daily transactions with the bank. As such, it is estimated that the bank tellers make up to 27% of all the staff in our bank. As a teller, I am expected to collect cash from customers, pays out cash to customers, keep records of cash and other transferable financial transaction tools, and keep financial records for all receipts and payments. My responsibilities also comprise of regular clerical support tasks linked to the teller job. Being a teller, an individual is required to use good judgment and diplomacy within distinct limits and exercise with relative sovereignty to achieve his or her responsibilities. Dubious or non-habitual transactions should be forwarded to the supervisors. Before commencing on our usual shifts, we collect and count an amount of money for our drawers. Our boss, frequently our head teller, confirms the collected amount of money. We carry out our responsibilities using these cash, and we are accountable for its safety and precise management. At the end of the shifts, tellers add up the amount of cash at hand and ensure that the financial records balance. During our shifts, our bosses might call us to process numerous mail transactions. Equally, some tellers are appointed to refill cash drawers and confirm deposits and withdrawals at ATMs. In most financial institutions, just like our bank, head tellers are accountable for the teller lines. Apart from performing the usual teller tasks, head tellers’ tasks comprise of organizing work schedules, analyzing the vault, and guaranteeing the exact cash balance in the vault. In addition, head tellers might manage the consignment of money to and from the Federal Reserve. In every financial institution, tellers are expected to be acquainted with methods of handling money and negotiable instruments, basic mathematics skills, public relation skills, and verbal and written communication skills. Furthermore, the ever-increasing computerization of banking task implies that tellers must be computer literates. Generally, a high school diploma is satisfactory, despite the fact that college graduates are more favoured. Owing to the sensitive nature of the profession, any flaw on an employee’s documentation that may become known in a background check up can disqualify a prospective worker from this career. In most financial institutions, the preparation for bank tellers is more focused on the tasks required for the job. In these trainings, there are little or no recognized classroom lessons. Anyone who enjoys working with people will take pleasure in this profession. With respect to this, those lucky enough
While serving the same goal of supporting the criminal justice system, prisons differ in various parts of the world. In particular, there is a striking difference between jails in the United States and Norway. According to Gerhold (2021), “Halden is a maximum-security prison within a 75-acre land” in Norway, where inmates live in humane and comfortable conditions (para. 2). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the difference between American and Norwegian prisons and their effectiveness. Norway has a different approach to criminals than the U.S. As Ann Widdecombe visits the Norwegian Halden prison, she is shocked by its design, rules, and approach to managing inmates, which emphasize normality and humanity as key principles (OLIROUX TV, 2021). The idea presented in the video is that the Norwegian prison system reduces criminal rates not merely by taking prisoners’ freedom away but also by providing rehabilitation and helping criminals become positive contributors to society. The article by Gerhold (2021) emphasizes the system’s effectiveness by highlighting that “only 20% of those released become repeat offenders in the country” in Norway, compared to the 76.6% rate in the U.S. (para. 16). Therefore, Norwegian recidivism rates are the lowest in the world. The maximum length of a prison commitment is 21 years (Gerhold, 2021). This approach works since it considers rehabilitation an integral part of the prison system rather than focusing exclusively on punishment. To summarize, the Halden prison in Norway is known as one of the most liberal criminal justice institutions. In my opinion, the difference in the recidivism rates in the U.S. and Norway speaks for itself, emphasizing that a humane approach is effective. Rather than exercising severe punishments and making prisoners even more violent and hateful towards society and others, prisons should rehabilitate them and make them a positive contribution to the community rather than repeat offenders.
The poem bean eaters conveys a message of poverty of an old couple, whose poor state is revealed by the kind of food they eat – beans which are considered cheap by contemporary society standards. Because the couple always eats only the beans, the author imagines they are referred to as bean eaters, which demonstrates the severity of their poverty and the life they live. Occasion Seemingly the poem depicts night hours of the day, according to the fact that the author talks about dinner being their casual affair at the couple’s rented house. The poet may have been prompted by the social issues like poverty and social conflicts, as well as racism, that the United States were facing during that period of time. Audience People, especially the old, go through difficulties without anyone paying attention to them; the poet used this to force society to see how the elderly live in unbearable conditions. The poem portrays severe social isolation and the worst economic conditions of the old people at the time when racism was a much bigger issue in the United States. Purpose and Speaker Through a shift in the mood of the poem, the poet conveyed a story on why people should find and appreciate simplicity and love in any situation. While openly relaying the message about how society is biased against the low class or poor people in a society. In the poem, the speaker comes out as someone who cares and is concerned about the societal neglect of poor people, more so the elderly. Additionally, the author appears to be liberal and has such a worldview where he accepts everyone, not considering their social status. Reference Brooks, G. (1960). The Bean Eaters. Harpers. Web.