ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Recitatif is one of Morrison’s stories (Goldstein-Shirley, 1996). The story narrates the experiences caused by racism. Morrison wrote this book to express her political views against racism through fictional writing. The place of the story is at St. Bonaventure, that is a children’s home. The story took place around 1960, when racial discrimination held its root in the USA. The story’s setting is relevant because it starts with the characters as children. The characters include Roberta and Twyla. The two main characters do not know their racial orientation since they are orphans brought up in an orphanage. The second meeting of Twyla and Roberta is significant because they are old enough to know their racial differences, but friends are still friends (Goldstein-Shirley, 1996). Their third meeting is worst since it involves the introduction of racial discrimination. The third meeting occurs when there is intense racial hatred in Twyla’s town. The setting of the story matters a lot since USA’s history is full of matters of racial discrimination. The time of the story is also very appropriate since it portrays the time when there was intense discrimination of the African-American race in the USA. The story is an example of postmodernism. The world has done a lot to fight racism and discrimination. Modernly, there are still cases of discrimination in the world. The story teaches against racism. Roberta is the protagonist of the story (Goldstein-Shirley, 1996). The author views Roberta as a racist person. She was not sympathetic since she failed to come to aid Twyla when she was attacked by protesters. Morrison uses Roberta’s unsympathetic nature to show the effects of racism on friends (Goldstein-Shirley, 1996).
Dell gaming system will be positioned as a unique product proposing unique advantages and benefits to potential consumers. The positioning will be based on symbolic concepts: self-image enhancement and ego identification, sense of belongingness and social importance. The aim of positioning is to establish trustworthiness, confidence, and competence for customers. Personalization, innovation, and technology will be the core of positioning strategy. The buyer perception of benefit-generating attribute will be based on unique design and stylish image of the Dell gaming system appealing to a wide target audience. Dell should create a unique image of the game and a sense of belonging to new generation. Product peculiarity of new product is that the product design is its own form of positioning. This positing strategy will locate brand in the customers’ minds over other brands in terms of product attributes and technological benefits. The relationships between target markets will be based on brand perception and self image of consumers. Self-views of potential buyers arising from the individual level emphasize dimensions or attributes that are personally important and differentiate oneself from others. Their identity is based on personal experience and preferences, tastes and cultural values. For this reason, personalization will be the main attributes of positioning strategy. Personalization is a crucial or such products as gaming systems because a sense of belonging and personal image important factors for gamers which influence their decision to purchase and consume the product. (McDonald & Christopher, 23). The advertisement must be informative enough to enable potential customers to make a decision to purchase. The objectives of marketing communication are (1) to locate the brand in minds of consumers, (2) to promote the new product, (3) to create a unique image of the product, (4) to persuade buyers try the product, (5) to position the product. The company’s logo and marketing communication will appeal to customers persuading them to try Dell gaming system (McDonald & Christopher, 23). Effective positioning wil
In recent years, many organisations have witnessed a shift from the traditional nine-to-five work paradigm to flexible work arrangements in a bid to sustain competitiveness, attract the best talent, and remain relevant to the needs of employees (Giannikis & Mihail 2011). The shift towards flexible work practices is not surprising, given the many benefits that can be realized by affording employees control over when, where, or how much they work to achieve the aims and objectives set by the organisation (Leslie et al 2012). Indeed, workplace flexibility is heralded as one of the basic requirements in modern-day workplace (Hill et al 2008). The present paper uses the Google Corporation to critically discuss the concept of flexible firm and its relevance to the organisation. Understanding Flexibility Although workplace flexibility is often an inadequately understood and ambiguously defined concept despite its extensive usage by scholars and organisational practitioners (Eaton 2003), the present paper adopts a definition given by Hill et al (2008, p. 149), which conceptualises the notion to imply “the ability of workers to make choices influencing when, where, and for how long they engage on work-related tasks.” These authors further posit that workplace flexibility is conceptualised in two divergent ways – the organisational perspective and the worker perspective. Consequently, from the organisational perspective, workplace flexibility is viewed as the degree to which organisational characteristics integrate a level of flexibility through the use of approaches such as ‘just in time’ production systems, contingent workers as opposed to permanent full-time employees, compressed work schedules and job rotation practices, with the view to allowing organisations adopt to shifts in their environment (Banfield & Kay 2008; Hill et al 2008). Google does not employ this perspective to define its flexibility programs. From the worker perspective, workplace flexibility is implicitly or explicitly conceptualised “as the degree to which workers are able to make choices to arrange core aspects of their professional lives, particularly regarding where, when, and for how long work is performed” (Hill et al 2008, p. 51). Google uses this approach in its engagement with employees by strictly internalizing the assumption that employees are human resources, whole individuals with essential life requirements outside of work and hence must be provided with flexible work practices not only to enable them achieve a perfect balance between work and life responsibilities, but also to spur motivation, loyalty and innovative behaviours (Griffin & Moorehead 2009). Flexibility for Competitive Advantage & Work-Life Balance Flexible work practices are increasingly becoming important to global organisations such as Google, as they enable them to achieve and sustain competitive advantage by attracting and retaining talented employees, minimizing stress and burnout, reducing turnover and absenteeism rates, increasing job satisfa
Introduction The purpose of this research is to compare three graduate schools’ master programs in the field of psychology. After the BS in Applied Psychology, it is imperative to evaluate available programs for a master’s in psychology across different institutions. This is the best opportunity to determine the most appropriate program to pursue and a school for further studies. The process of selecting a graduate school presents opportunities to choose the most important schools and their related programs. Some relevant factors to consider may include costs, financial aid, availability of research and internship opportunities, as well as career progression. One must also review the requirements for qualifications. University of Phoenix Master of Science in Psychology with a concentration in Industrial-Organizational Psychology, (I/O) The admission requirements for Graduate Studies in Psychology The University of Phoenix insists that individuals seeking admission must possess the following qualifications:   * Must possess an undergraduate degree from an approved, regionally recognized or nationally accredited college or university, or the person may hold a similar qualification from other regions outside the US (University of Phoenix, 2015).   * The GPA must be 2.5 on a scale of 4.0   * One must have the required work experience or must be affiliated with an organization to ensure that they can apply learned concepts and meet course objectives   * One must be a citizen or a permanent resident of the US or have an approved, valid visa if not a citizen   * No case of expulsion from another institution   * Must complete all required forms and provide the required undergraduate degree posted transcript   * For individuals applying in some states such as Massachusetts and New Jersey must have health insurance information, Oklahoma, Hawaii, Connecticut, and Tennessee require immunization forms for campus-based individuals while Puerto Rico requires applicants to meet English Language Proficiency   * International applicants without academic experience in the English Language must pass TOEFL, TOEIC, and IELTS A review of the skill or experience skills needed under the requirements I possess a BS in Applied Psychology from a recognized university, in the US. This is the first most important requirement and my current GPA is 3.5 based on a scale of 4.0. Although currently I am not employed, I have a volunteering opportunity as a Case Manager at North Central Mental Health Services (NCMHS), Columbus, Ohio. I
Introduction The type of questions administered in a survey is a determinant of the success of the study to answer its questions and fulfill its objectives. The questions are the tools used to collect the data, and in that regard, the appropriateness of the data collected will determine its interpretation and subsequent findings and implications. Considering the descriptive nature of the proposed study, i.e. measuring the response of customers to the properties of the iPad, this paper provides an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different types of question, in regard of the proposed study. Additionally this paper states that rating questions are the most suitable for the proposed research methods, populations and sample. Questions Types The main criteria based on which the questions, as measurement tools, can be assessed, can be seen in their applicability to the characteristics of good measurement, which are validity, reliability, and practicability (Cooper & Schindler, 2006, p. 318). It can be seen from the questions provided that they are dichotomous questions. The advantages of such questions can be seen when the topic represent clearly dichotomous choices, in which only two cases might be present (Cooper & Schindler, 2006, p. 368), e.g. the features of the iPad or worth the cost or not. Nevertheless, the there are disadvantages, which can be seen in the cases where there are several alternatives to choose from, while the question is limited only to two, e.g. Will be using your iPad for songs or to watch TV & movies, with the alternative being playing games, reading e-books, etc. For cases in which more than one alternative is present the multiple choice question is preferable. The advantage of such question, in addition to providing more than one alternative answer, is the ability to measure the gradations of preferences. The disadvantages, nevertheless, are in that the questions should be designed in a way that provides an exhaustive list of answers. In case there are unanticipated answers, or answers which are not mutually exclusive, problems might arise. Another type of question that can be used in the study is derived from dichotomous questions, which is the check list. The checklists are more efficient than dichotomous questions, while other than that the same advantages and disadvantages of dichotomous questions can
Abstract Architecture is one of the kinds of art, and as every other art, it reflects the basic phenomena that take place in the life of a certain nation. Definitely nation, as it is widely accepted that every nation has its own peculiarities in every art. Special attention should be paid to this question if the nation under consideration is rather specific, like the Australian nation. History of this people is rather controversial as the nation was formed from numerous ethnic groups and appeared as a fact only in the late 19 th – early 20 th century. In this paper I have studied the national peculiarities of Australian architecture, and namely its period which is called Federation period, or Federation Style. This work aimed at identifying the main similarities and differences of the two directions of the Federation style in the Australian architecture – Federation Queen Anne and Federation Arts and Crafts. I managed to identify their main principles and critically analyze their characteristic features. I also compared Federation Queen Anne and Federation Arts and Crafts, exemplified their typical features by specific buildings that can be found in Australia and explained the appearance of each of the directions from historical, social and cultural points of view. Moreover, the comparative analysis of methods used during building processes in each of the directions was carried out in order to find out what materials and what techniques were dominant in this or that direction of the Federation style. This also allowed me to trace similarities of the Federation style with other styles of architecture in other countries of the world and especially England that has close historical, political and economic ties with Australia. Due to this, the reasons and consequences of the emergence of these two directions and the whole Federation style became clear, and this will be detailed in the current paper. Introduction The term ‘Federation Architecture’ was first introduced in 1973 by a famous Australian scientist Bernard Smith to define a style in the Australian architecture that appeared in the 19 th century. Federation architecture is used to refer to the architectural movement in Australia predominately during the Federation period in its history, to be more exact in the time from 1890 to 1915. On January 1st, 1901, a new nation was proclaimed as officially existing and the new state appeared on the world political map – the Commonwealth of Australia. Besides all the economic and political ha
Definition of Entrepreneurship The investigations around such critical element of entrepreneurial theory like entrepreneurship have been taking place for a long period of time due to inability to give one agreed definition and introduce it to a wide range of people. Basically, entrepreneurship may be defined as a powerful catalyst of economic development and growth. Its ability to promote success in different spheres of life by means of competitions, innovations, and commercialisation makes the concept of entrepreneurship an important issue for consideration. Therefore, some experts admit that entrepreneurship may be discovered as a combination of innovation, growth, and strategic focus. Hisrich (2013) writes that entrepreneurship is “developing something new with value by dedicating the required time, commitment, and perseverance, undertaking the associated risks and rewards with the objective of achieving prosperity and wealth” (p. 7). Carland (2010) introduces entrepreneurship as “the backbone of the economy and the economic engine which is necessary to restore economic success to a nation suffering from spiralling costs and job losses” (p. 40). Considering such interpretations, entrepreneurship may be emerged as a potential growth of activities supported by innovation, strategic endeavours, and focus on what should be invented and commercialised at the same time. Myths about Entrepreneurs and Their Roles Talking about entrepreneurship, the role of the main participants of the process, entrepreneurs, cannot be omitted. An entrepreneur is a manager, who has to undertake many activities like considering innovation, making decisions, focusing an object, using different resources, promoting economic change, etc. to prove the importance of the chosen business. A good entrepreneur should have a number of qualities in order to become a true professional in the chosen sphere of business. The research tells us that people get used to think about entrepreneurs not as correct as it should really be. It is time to focus on the myths, which take place around the concept of entrepreneurship. One of the most common myths is the level of entrepreneur’s education. People say that entrepreneurs are usually the smartest and most high achieving among the rest. However, it is not actually true. As a rule, the majority of entrepreneurs have their Bachelor degrees (Malerba 2010). They do not find it necessary to spend much time on education but try to focus on the development of the chosen affair and rely on personal experience instead of theoretical basis. Another myth is about the way of how entrepreneurs work. It is said that entrepreneurs are born not made. Again, it is not true. It is hard to find families of entrepreneurs. As a rule, a good entrepreneur makes him/herself independently using personal interests and ideas. However, it is necessary not to confuse an individual approach fo
Introduction As we live in a social world where people communicate on a daily basis, not only with friends and relatives, but also with people who may be oceans apart from them, sharing and receiving news becomes an integral part of our life, and it is difficult to overestimate the importance and significance of media nowadays. Undoubtedly, media affects virtually all spheres of our life and helps one feel a part of a community. Unless we live on a deserted island, it is impossible to detach ourselves from the ubiquitous hands of the media, and I believe that it is absolutely essential to study it. Analysis The perception of media may be multi-folded and even controversial. While some people use it merely for entertainment, others view it as sources for receiving fresh news. Aside from these trivial purposes, media may also be used as a dangerous tool in the hands of devious and manipulating individuals. As we live in a global age where media knows no borders, a lot of arguments may be put forward justifying the need to study media, the most important ones, in my opinion, will be summarized in this paper. The first argument in favor of studying media lies in the fact that the media itself is a multi-faceted notion that comprises an array of disciplines, such as video and audio production, advertising and marketing, management of events, and PR (Verma, 2012). With this in mind, studying media implies obtaining insight into an array of vital areas that will help one excel and achieve a better position in life. Majoring in media does not necessarily imply working on TV or in a local newspaper. The knowledge of media, and how it works makes one more equipped for future life and presents a multitude of career opportunities in marketing, managerial positions, advertising, and many others. Another argument in favor of studying media may be backed up by findings that free media is correlated with economic development (Coyne & Leeson, 2004). The research into media freedom in various countries indicated that an abundance of media sources and the ability for media representatives to speak what is on their minds make politicians more conscious and law-abiding. People in developed countries such as Great Britain, the US, Canada, or France extensively use media for their voices to be heard and views to be shared. Coyne and Leeson (2004) note that “independent media may serve to strengthen existing institutions or lead to further development” (p. 27). Students need to realize that promoting and increasing the number of media sources lead to a more transparent society where informed and efficient decisions are taken. Another compelling argument for students to engage in media studies stems from the fact that media may be used as a powerful tool for resolving global conflicts and uniting nations to stand up to global threats such as terrorism, world poverty, regional conflicts, etc. With time, media proved to be a powerful geopolitical motive for governments to intervene and t
Do we live to eat or do we eat to live? Have you ever thought of it before another sandwich enters your mouth? The truth is that if Americans were more concerned with what they eat the nation would look and feel significantly healthier than it does now. If we look back at generation ago tendencies in American eating habits and traditions we will see that three-quarters of the meals consumed in the United States were made at home. Nowadays, there is a drastic change in meals preparation: most of the meals that Americans eat today are prepared outside the home; fast-food restaurants prevail among possible ways not only to have a bite, but to have a substantial meal, as well. The rise of fast food industry is obvious in contemporary American society: about half of the money used to buy food is spent in fast food restaurants. If in 1968, McDonald’s had 1,000 restaurants, today the corporation counts about 30, 000 and 2,000 new ones each year (Schlosser, 2001, 123). The current situation is that “Americans now spend more money on fast food than they do on higher education, personal computers, software or new cars. They spend more on fast food than on movies, books, magazines, newspapers, videos and recorded music – combined.” (Schlosser, 1998, 23) At first sight, this fact does not render any negative features of American eating habits; moreover, fast food can taste pretty good. “But what they [Americans] may not know about is the cocktail of chemicals that gives the French fry its taste – nor the grisly events in the slaughterhouses that can put something nasty in the burger along with the beef.” (Schlosser, 2001, 234) The meals that Americans eat are made at every step, from the farm to the ovens in a commercial kitchen. And not every consumer thinks of the way this or that meal is produced and of the drastic consequences that this production will have for his or her health. “Aside from the salad greens, tomatoes and some toppings, most fast food arrives at the restaurant frozen, canned, dehydrated or freeze-dried. A fast-food kitchen is merely the final stage in a vast system of mass production. America’s favorite foods, like its automobiles and television sets, are now manufactured by computerized, highly automated machines.” (Schlosser, 2001, 345) Can mass production take care of a particular customer’s health? Isn’t it the customer’s own concern to select the food not only by the way it tastes, but by the way it impacts his or her health? The result of Americans’ neglect of what they eat, or, to be more exact, neglect of the impact that fast food has on their health is that The United States is now characterized by the highest obesity rate of any industrialized nation in the world. More than half of all American adults and about one-quarter of all American children are now obese or overweight. The tendency is a direct c