ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Knowledge management in business refers to the manner in which entrepreneurs use the human resource within their disposal to increase productivity. This is normally a difficult task as one is required to determine the relevant knowledge within a given area of specialization and thereafter tap the very knowledge through innovations to achieve the required objectives within the firm. While expanding a business to the international status requires the management to undertake a number of activities so as to achieve the success that should come with such expansions (Jeffery 2001). Knowledge is an asset to the company but it needs to be tapped first before it is exploited, in the process of tapping, the first step is to carry out a recruitment process. The company that is expanding would most definitely require more human resource, the competence of this contracted people would be in line to laid down qualification requirements and one fact that comes out so boldly in the list of the requirements is normally the academic qualification. The level of education of workmanship makes management a lot less daunting as the manager would trust the staff with low level decision making and trust that the resulting decision would be an appropriate one. It is thus mandatory that every single person that comes to the company to hold any office meets the academic requirements that are provided by the human resources department. In laying down the requirements, the human resources department must consider the type of work that would be required in every office in the firm and ensure that the requirements are in line with the same. Requiring one to hold a degree in chemical engineering to become a public relations officer in an international breweries company would be derogative. As much as the individual is learned, he would not perform the communicative functions effectively in addition to the fact that his knowledge would be lying unexploited. Introducing a new product to a people that do not know hot to use that very product would result into the targeted market not yielding as expected. It thus becomes mandatory for the firm to improve the level of awareness and not only the awareness of the product but the knowledge of the market in general. This can be done through the firm’s public relations department organizing seminars to educate the locals on the product and how it would impact on their lives. This makes socially responsible investing necessary. This is a type of investing that every firm must engage in and it is the undertaking in which the firm seeks to support certain local programs that are aimed at benefiting the locals. HP an international information Technology firm that prides in the prod
Introduction The evaluation of the quality of data provided regarding political and economic issues in mass media is important in order to understand whether the presented information is biased or can influence the public’s opinion. The article by José María León Cabrera and Clifford Krauss, titled “Deal Struck in Ecuador to Cancel Austerity Package and End Protests,” was published in The New York Times on October 13, 2019. The article is on the cessation of mass protests in Ecuador associated with President Lenín Moreno’s decision to reject the implementation of an economic austerity package. The problem of protests and mass unrest in Quito, the capital of Ecuador, was also discussed in the articles by Joe Emersberger (for FAIR) and Michael Weissenstein and Gonzalo Solano (for NewsHour). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the information presented in these three sources and conclude which articles present facts accurately with a focus on the quality of data in The New York Times. Summary of the Article in The New York Times On October 13, 2019, President Moreno reached the agreement with Indigenous leaders on stopping riots in Quito that had become the result of the President’s decision to follow Decree 883 by the International Monetary Fund. The associated details are discussed by Cabrera and Krauss (2019) in their article for The New York Times. The authors started by accentuating the celebration of the victory by activists of the 11-day protests, in which over 1,000 people were injured. Protests associated with fires and street violence could cause further progress of political and economic instability in the country. Thus, President Moreno stated that he would change the decision to follow Decree 883 to receive a $4.2 billion loan for the state (Cabrera & Krauss, 2019). Thus, both parties, the administration, and Indigenous leaders would work together on stabilizing the situation in the country. The problem was that, according to the International Monetary Fund’s conditions and program, it was necessary to remove Ecuador’s fuel subsidies that are important for Indigenous people in the country. According to Cabrera and Krauss (2019), the motivation of President Moreno was that the subsidies are costed about $1.3 billion per year. Still, the reaction of citizens was negative, and President Moreno’s decision became a trigger for organizing many violent demonstrations in Quito. The abolition of subsidies was proposed as part of an austerity plan offered to Ecuador to guarantee a loan that was needed for improving the country’s economy (Cabrera & Krauss, 2019). The authors of the article note that the crisis in Ecuador
Reasons why M&S are in this predicament Marks and Spencer (M&S) experienced relatively fast growth from its inception until the end of 1998, where an unexpected recession hit it. It was during the recession that the problems of M&S began to surface, with the primary issue being ineffective communication throughout the supply chain. For instance, there was poor communication between M&S and its suppliers. Due to the increase in the production cost within the UK, M&S started compelling its suppliers to shift their production overseas without taking into consideration factors like political stability, and textile import quota (Christopher & Peck 2001). This decision was made independent of the viewpoint of suppliers. Secondly, there was poor communication between upper and lower-level management in M&S. Children’s clothing was withdrawn from smaller stores, and this resulted in 4% in sales (Christopher & Peck 2001). Last but not least, there was insufficient communication between M&S and its customers. M&S did not have an accurate depiction of what its clients want; for example, it sold clothes that had poor sizing and had a limited lingerie range. The inefficient communication in the supply chain resulted in a “Bullwhip effect” that significantly hampered the system. Concurrently, this led to the recovery strategy having minor impacts on revenue generated. Effect of increased overseas sourcing on M&S marketplace performance In the early 1990s, M&S considered and commenced shifting from local to offshore sourcing. Although M&S had reduced the proportion of UK suppliers, it still heavily relied on them to maintain their “buy British” marketing stance. Its strength was grounded in providing middle-class individuals with quality and reasonably priced clothing. However, this market segment was polarized by niche rivals and discount stores. Therefore, to enhance its consumer value, M&S resorted to reduce the cost-base by coercing its suppliers to outsource from locations with relatively low labour costs. However, increased o
Many practitioners and scholars show considerable interest in methods aimed to boost creativity in companies. As such, creativity can be defined as the generation of ideas that are unique and useful and it is often regarded as a basis for achieving competitive advantages in business (Zhang & Gheibi 2015). After decades of investigating psychological forces driving creative behaviors, researchers defined intrinsic motivation, associated with interest in certain activities and desire to learn new things, as a core aspect of creativity (Zhang & Gheibi 2015). For a long time, intrinsic motivation theories formed a basis in the study of organizational creativity, and Teresa Amabile, a professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, is one of the scholars who rely on those theories in her research. The purpose of the present report is to analyze Amabile’s article entitled “How to Kill Creativity.” The article was published in the September-October issue of Harvard Business Review in 1998. In this piece, Amabile (1998) defines creative behaviors and explains major organizational factors that may inhibit creativity in employees and interfere with firms’ innovativeness. She claims that expertise, creative-thinking skills, and motivation are the core components of creativity and that managers and leaders can influence all of them either favorably or adversely. At the same time, she indicates that intrinsic motivation is the most important factor defining creative behaviors of workers and by far the most manageable because it requires less investment of time and resources and is directly linked to the characteristics of the organizational environment. The author’s thesis is as follows: managers can foster greater employee motivation through appropriate task allocation, provision of work autonomy and the right amount of resources, supervisory and organizational support, and creation of teams characterized by diversity. Considering this, the present report will explore the validity of findings discussed in Amabile’s work and evaluate their applicability to real-life situations. Consistently with the researcher’s conclusions, it is suggested that the implementation of the abovementioned managerial and leadership practices is conducive to better creativity-related and productivity-associated outcomes and is feasible in the majority of companies. However, it is argued that Amabile’s model of organizational creativity can be successfully implemented only in those companies where the level of employees’ inherent capacity for creativity, their suitability to the organizational culture, and their relevant competence is sufficiently high. Summary The article is divided into four sections: definition of creativity in business, explanation of creativity management techniques, the depiction of real-life examples, and conclusion about potential rewards and risks linked to creative behaviors at the workplace. Amabile (1998) commences her discussion by noting that, unlike many fields of performance traditiona
Introduction In the US, wine is a beverage consumption of which has grown continuously over the last two decades (Thach, 2015). It follows that the country’s culture is not averse to relaxation-oriented occasions that are associated with drinking. This paper aims to evaluate whether Australian wine would be a good fit for the culture of America. Discussion Wine has entered American culture and became a permanent staple of many socializing events in the country. In 1994, the consumption of the beverage amounted to only 1.74 gallons per capita; however, in 2016, the figure increased to 2.94 gallons per capita (Wine Institute, 2017). The marked increase in consumer preference for the product has made the US the largest wine market in the world (O’Donnell, 2014). The shift has been attributed to generational changes and a struggling economy of Europe, which has resulted in a 21 percent decrease in the consumption of wine in Italy and a 7 percent decrease in France (O’Donnell, 2014). American youngsters, on the other hand, are increasingly preferring wine to other beverages. It has to do with the fact that “Americans dine out more and enjoy matching wine to cuisine” (Thach, 2015, para. 4). Also, the US media is rife with wine imagery, which prompts Millennials to engage in leisurely alcohol consumption. Marketers have discovered that the generation drinks more wine than Baby Boomers did at the same age—25.7 percent and 13 percent, respectively (Foglino, 2014). The causes of ever-increasing wine consumption in the country can be traced to major tendencies in American culture. The US scores highly on the scale of individualism, which is a cultural dimension that describes the degree of interdependence among society’s members (Geert Hofstede, n.d.). The individualistic dimension of the culture explains why Americans tend to participate in various social activities where they can engage in conversations with strangers. Casual leisure is closely associated with alcohol consumption, which is intrinsically rewarding and offers an escape from work-like activities (Finlay, Ram, Maggos, & Caldwell, 2012). American society is low on the score of long term orientation, which can explain a non-pragmatic approach to the heightened consumption of wine. It means that individuals are driven by short-term rewards that fit nicely with an overall high score on the indulgence scale (Geert Hofstede, n.d.). The scale measures “the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses” (Geert Hofstede, n.d., para 16). Alcohol culture in the US hinges to a large extent on unrestrained indulgence; therefore, heavy drinking has been on the rise for the past several decades. In 2012, more than 18 percent of Americans had one drink per day over two weeks (This Naked Mind, n.d.). Many men and women in the US have more than four drinks per drinking session, which makes them heavy
Just as Kofi Annan says that every crisis in our world has an opportunity, I also believe that even in our modern world the forces of multilateralism, globalization and global cooperation is possible to a certain extent. One nation alone cannot control globalization and thus, it too needs others to cooperate so that everyone can benefit from globalization, equally. Today the whole world is facing a huge depression and we have already seen instances of international cooperation among various nations for fighting against this crunch. It is also my opinion that until and unless multilateralism is implemented, prosperity, welfare, security, opportunity and stability for all cannot be guaranteed and overall inequality of wealth among the nations cannot be properly tackled. Thus, if the richer countries agree to provide aids to the poorer ones and if the developing countries realize that without globalization, world cooperation and multilateralism they will be affected the most, globalization, which was once a dream, is certainly possible. If our world leaders take the initiatives by placing standards and goals for the wealthy and developed countries so that they provide development aids to cut down global poverty, changes can be brought about in developing countries too. I think that globalization can be achieved by spreading political, economic and social freedom all over the world and by lowering limitations on the dissemination of information among the various nations. According to me, globalization is also possible if the countries increase their mutuality and interrelation by integrating their economies for the betterment of the whole world. Although this seems to be almost impossible, the world leaders have to look beyond their borders and increase their participation in our global economy. Globalization, world cooperation and multilateralism are not only affecting our present state but are also shaping the future of our world. People of the world will not benefit until and unless there is cooperation and collaborative efforts all over the world. We need to have a global civilization that respects multiculturalism and each other. I think that the only way a world of globalization, multilateralism and global cooperation can be achieved is if all the nations together put their hands together in setting goals for aids and prioritize them, mobilize their funds and develop, sponsor and promote the mechanisms needed for increasing international cooperation. The countries also need to set up close inspections to observe their public health and also strengthen their human resource and institutional resource and bring about developments in their technical fields. I feel that although globalization, multilateralism and world cooperation may seem to be both inevitable yet a highly desirable force in our changing world today only if the countries realize the bane these forces can bring about will they be able to implement them worldwide. This world will never
Human Rights Human rights are “international norms that help to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses” (Nickel, 2010). It is important to note that human rights are associated with the issues of morality and realized in law at both the national and international levels. “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights” (UDHR, n.d.). The UN Declaration of Human Rights is the main source of the modern conception of human rights. The UN Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948. The main principles according to which the UDHR was developed are dignity, freedom, respect, equality, justice, and peace. The UDHR was worked out as the response to the necessity to determine the human rights as universal values and to protect them against all the forms of abusing. The UDHR includes the internationally adopted norms and standards which are necessary to be followed in society. The UDHR states the human rights which involve all the aspects of the individuals’ life in 30 articles. They are:   * the rights to life, liberty and security of person,   * to freedom from slavery, torture, discrimination,   * to freedom of thought, conscience and religion,   * to equality before the law. The Declaration also states personal and cultural rights and the right to education. The main strength of the Declaration is in the fact that all the rights are equal, universal, and inalienable. The UN Millennium Project The UN Millennium Project was started in September 2000 when 191 nations adopted the Millennium Declaration. The Declaration states the main principles according to which the nations should develop in order to reach the peace and security in the world with depending on the mutual cooperation of the developed and developing countries at the global arena. The Millennium Project is developed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which are directed toward reducing the poverty, overcoming environmental degradation, and discrimination. The main peculiarities of MDGs and strengths of the project:   * There is a limited number of goals to achieve – 8.   * They are developed in 18 quantitative specific targets and 40 indi
The poem chosen for this assignment is Indian Names by Lydia Huntley Sigourney. The poem discusses the issues related to the native population of Americas – Indian people. In the poem, Sigourney recalls crimes against Indian people – “Ye drive them from their father’s lands” (Indian Names, n.d., para. 6). The plight of the indigenous people resulting from these actions is also mentioned – “On through the trackless desert pass/ A caravan of woe” (Indian Names, n.d., para. 7). Sigourney insists throughout the poem that despite such misery fallen to their lot, these people and their legacy will not be forgotten. Moreover, the author writes in such a way as if she opposes another force that wants the Indian people and their heritage to be gone. Sigourney’s argument builds upon the fact that numerous geographic sights in the US carry Indian names – “But their name is on your waters/ Ye may not wash it out” (Indian Names, n.d., para. 1). In the poem’s finale, the author warns the reader that God saw and heard the atrocities committed against Indian people. “Think ye the Eternal’s ear is deaf?/ His sleepless vision dim?/ Think ye the soul’s blood may not cry/ From that far land to him?” asks Sigourney. Regarding the thoughts and emotions of Sigourney at the time she was writing the poem, there must have been a diverse mix of them. In her poem, it is possible to identify the themes of mourning, retribution, and hope. While writing the poem, she must have been sorrowful for Indian people, yet her general message conveys hope – she believed that these people would survive and their legacy would live despite the circumstances. Furthermore, Sigourney must have made a mental journey throughout the United States to be able to recall and mention all of the sights carrying Indian names. Reference Indian Names . (n.d.). Poetry Foundation. Web.
Introduction Conducting ethnographic interviews is a viable method of delving into particular practices and anatomizing specific groups’ experiences. In the nearest future, I am going to apply this approach to research to address my personal knowledge gaps related to the operations of HOME, Inc. in Boston. The purpose of this paper is to summarize interview planning work and present the draft of questions for Alan Michel. Interviewee Selection and What I Might Offer to HOME Alan Michel, the organization’s co-founder, would be the best interviewee to represent HOME, Inc. Based on the list of HOME’s prominent project supervisors, Michel is the longest-serving member of HOME (HOME, Inc. & Scholastic Media Association, n.d.a). Therefore, he is the best-informed representative when it comes to historical changes to HOME’s scope of activities, the evolution of HOME’s educational practice, and similar large-scale questions. Next, as per the description of duties, Michel is responsible for overseeing all activities and projects, including collaboration with external organizations and community groups (HOME, Inc. & SMA, n.d.a). Considering his broad role, this interviewee will manage to provide comprehensive descriptions of HOME’s current projects, partnerships, and future plans. The upcoming interview will add more clarity to my potential contributions to HOME, Inc.’s activities. Based on the information on their Artist in Residence program, I might be able to participate in upcoming public art projects or exhibitions or propose a creative artwork that would center on social issues affecting local citizens, such as income inequality, teenagers’ online safety, and so on (HOME, Inc. & SMA, n.d.b). Alternatively, in the absence of such opportunities, as a person who has vast experiences in using digital media software, I might contribute to HOME’s activities as a mentor for high school students that participate in projects linked with exploring social problems through different forms of art (HOME, Inc. & SMA, n.d.b). For both options, additional information from the selected interviewee will be essential. Learning about HOME and Relationship to the Neighborhood/Community Due to the planned interview, I hope to learn a lot more about HOME, Inc. and how it serves the South End neighborhood nowadays. The key problem that has produced these knowledge gaps is the quality of HO