Introduction Animal Research, also known as Animal Testing or Vivisection, refers to actions involving the dissection of bodies of living animals with the aim of examining their internal organs and tissues in order to carry out scientific research in the fields of biology, physiology, pathology, bio-chemistry and bio-warfare. Governments tended to tacitly condone the practice in earlier years. But as international opposition to the practice is regularly mounting, they are coming under more and more pressure to ban animal research. Also, given the present facilities prevailing in the modern world of today, there is no need to continue animal research any more; the practice is simply not necessary any longer to save lives. History of Animal Research The usage of animals to serve humans was a practice that existed as early as the Greek and Roman civilizations. The Greeks contended that animals represented a lower form of life as they lacked the ability to think. Early Christians did not consider animals important because they did not possess souls. The usage of animals took on a new dimension with the onset of modern science in the 17 th century. Live animals began to be dissected and their internal organs examined as a method of knowing more about the human body. Animal research began in earnest during the 19 th century with cows, goats and sheep being used in large numbers in the quest to find cure for human diseases. Several prominent cures were discovered as a result. Louis Pasteur of France invented vaccines after vaccinating dozens of healthy animals (Advameg Inc.). Ivan Pavlov of Russia who discovered Respondent Conditioning, and Claude Bernard of France who discovered Homeostasis, both used a large number of dogs to conduct their experiments (Sourcewatch.org). In 1880, the discovery that endocarditis was exacerbated by a combination of damaged cardiac valves and bacteria in the blood was made after extensive experiments on animals. In 1909, Paul Ehrlich experimented on a large number of rabbits before he discovered that Salvarsan could cure syphilis (Schmidt & Weber, 1). The practice of animal research grew rapidly after World War Two ended in 1945 as research laboratories sprang up all over the world that used animals like dogs, monkeys, cats and rats for research in creating vaccines and drugs in the fields of biology and medicine as well as to teach and train doctors (Sourcewatch.org). At present, animal research is practiced in all countries except the very tiny nations of Liechtenstein and San Marino. The U.S has the dubious distinction of being the biggest killer of animals in the name of research (Randerson). The concept of animal research Animals that are used for research may be inbred/out-bred, genetically influenced or immune-compromised (Schmidt et al., 2). The animals are classified into four groups. Screening models feature in the primary experiments of antibacterial activity of unique compounds . Mono/poly-parametric models are used to examine the many parameters and correlations between an effect and endpoint in infections. Ex vivo models are used because of their capacity to mimic unusual problems in human infections such as fibrin clots and subcutaneous chambers. Discriminatory models t