ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The study of Henry V by Shakespeare is not only intriguing but also baffling. King Henry is the central character and the defining element in the drama. He exemplifies an ideal heroic leader in cultural and religious contexts. The Battle of Agincourt is an epitome of the play’s reflection of culture and worldview. The drama has a type of language and setting that appeals to the English audience. The King stands out as an experienced decision-maker who takes actions that account for political pragmatism. The play has a crowd of inspiring speeches carefully created to depict the exultation of the English troop. The England troops are traditionally underdogs, which have worked harder against all odds to attain victory over the powerful French aristocrats. Interestingly, King Henry maintains throughout the play that God is on their side. He is keen to highlight to his subjects that fighting the French was not for his personal benefit. It was an issue of national interest and an honor to protect his country (Shakespeare 82). The Battle Of Agincourt being the most celebrated in the reign of King Henry, the king speaks to his yeomen troops in famed patriotic exultation. “Do not dishonor you mothers; now prove your father actually did beget you…Teach them how to fight wars… yeomen of England cry out, God for Harry! God for England and St. George” (Shakespeare 84). The play can be very crucial in addressing the attitude of contemporary society especially the American audience. Being faced with the challenge of the war on terrorism, the United States defines war on terror as a defensive measure to protect its lifestyle and its citizens from the attack from enemies who hold alien cultural and religious worldviews. However, sometimes leaders use that excuse to wage wars for their own selfish interests. The Agincourt battle teaches the American audience that the age of chivalry is over (Shakespeare 84).
Diuretics are a drug class that is used in treating chronic body conditions such as high blood pressure, kidney diseases, and water poisoning (Diuretics par.1). Studies have established that diuretics also apply in treating other conditions that include osteoporosis, diabetes insipidus, polycystic ovary syndrome, and edema among others (Hoffman 30). They are commonly referred to as water pills because they contain a substance that makes the body get rid of excess water, thus increasing the flow of urine. Diuretics use the kidneys to increase the amount of salt in the urine. The high quantities of sodium help in reducing the amount of liquid in the blood vessels, thus easing the pressure felt in the blood vessels (Ramsey 100). Research has established that diuretics are often abused by people with weight issues and eating disorders, as they often consider them as an easy solution. One of the most affected categories is those suffering from bulimia, an eating disorder common among women characterized by pathological insatiable hunger (Hoffman 36). Athletes h
Cooking plays a vital role in food production and preservation adding quality to make food easily consumable. Most foodstuffs are not nutritionally valuable until they undergo a certain amount of cooking. Apart from adding a combination of flavors to food, cooking also renders certain pathogens harmless. Cases of illnesses and infections attributed to nutrition usually result from the amount of heat used to prepare meals. A clear example is a gout, which is caused by consuming meat roasted at over 320ºF. The preventive measure for eradicating gout is to boil or fry rather than roast meat just to use rather than lower temperatures. Again, higher temperatures are required where germs are concerned to kill them. This requires experts to discern the type of germs and temperatures in which they can hardly survive. For example, temperatures from 75ºC and above kill the majority of bacteria. Specific temperatures, therefore, are needed to be observed during the preparation of specific foodstuffs and, of course, for specific durations. In its review, USDA FSIS (1999, p. 93) indicates that Nutrition specialists usually have to be conversant with optimum ranges of temperatures to prepare various types of food. They practically use calibrated thermometers to be accurate with the measurements. Room temperatures are conducive for bacteria growth and cannot be used for cooking. Beef requires 160ºF, hamburger needs 155ºF, chicken requires 165ºF, and pasteurized milk is being produced at 40ºF for 14 Hours. Eggs also require a temperature of 160ºF to boil and should be cooked until their yolk is dry. Cooking oils and fats should also be heated until they boil to liquid form be consumable. The range of temperatures between 41ºF to 135ºF also known as the danger zone is the range within which germs thrive well; therefore, food should not be stored under such temperatures. Doyle (1989, p.250) confirms that temperatures control chemical reactions in food substances through certain chemical processes, some of which are non-reversible. Boiling points and melting points are unique for different substances. For example, the boiling point for milk is slightly below that of water. Chemical substances also react at specific temperatures because some of the processes in reactions involve neutralization of acids, oxidation, reduction, and dissolution. Sweet potato, for example, is converted from starch to glucose during boiling. Likewise, for protein foods, the structures of their amino acids are permanently transformed by increasing temperatures. Baking, as a method of cooking, reduces the moisture content to a minimum. In a nut shell, Mead and Bresee (1999) indicate, ‘The products of baking such as biscuits, bread
Explain why generalist practice is useful and necessary for social workers and professionals in related fields Generalist practice is closely associated with social work as it involves the values of empowerment, resiliency, and strengths. Also, generalist practice teaches social workers and other professionals in related fields about core concepts of social work such as encouraging equality and protecting dignity. The principle of empowerment entails instructing clients to determine what they feel is best for them. Under this value, individuals are encouraged to express their needs and desires, and social workers learn how to help clients reach their goals. The value of resiliency incorporates the integration of different disciplines to make decisions based on evidence. The principle of strengths involves a holistic approach to each client to evaluate whether they have the necessary resources and skills to overcome challenges. If an individual lacks some resources, this principle helps a professional to identify how such resources may be obtained. Explain two steps in the Generalist Intervention Model, and how these can be engaged within your field of interest The primary step in the model is engagement. At this phase, a social worker demonstrates interest in the client’s case by listening carefully, making eye contact, concentrating on the client’s feelings, keeping silence, and taking notes. At the engagement stage, it is also necessary to inform an individual about conditions and regulations and discuss the number and frequency of sessions. The second step is assessment. Assessment is highly significant since it forms the basis of cooperation between the client and the specialist. During this phase, it is necessary to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the individual, identify missing data, and specify the characterization of the client’s case. These steps are crucial for my field of interest since they will help me to create a professional yet friendly mode of communication, understand clients’ problems, and come up with the most effective solutions to them. Discuss your understanding of two of the six core values associated with the NASW Code of Ethics, and how they may conflict with each other One of the Code’s values is social justice. This principle presupposes that social workers should fight against social injustice and promote changes that will help vulnerable groups and individuals. Social workers concentrate on the problems of unemployment, poverty, and inequality. The second crucial value is that of the dignity and worth of the person. According to this value, social workers are expected to respect the dignity of all people and treat them equally. It is necessary to understand the importance of the ethnic and cultural diversity of the individuals who contact social services. These two values may conflict with each other when there is a need to provide information about ethnic divergences and biases: it is necessary to share these
Introduction This essay will briefly discuss the creation laws in the US. A special attention is given to the common law heritage and US court system as sources of laws. An opinion is also given on what should and should not be taken into account when the laws are being formed. Creation of Laws Laws are created to “maintain a well regulated society” (Bakken Para. 1). In the process of creating the law there are some specific considerations which have to be taken care of: “a need to have the consent of the people, a system of checks and balances, and a public policy flexibility suited to the problems of time and place” (Bakken Para. 1). It reported that in the 17 th and 18 th centuries representatives were sent to colonial nations to create rules which could help to govern the people. Laws governing the running of trains were created through gatherings. Upon the discovery of gold in California a gathering was formed to create local mining district rules. Still in the 21 st century neighbours in California gather “to make rule changes, within a recorded declaration of covenants, conditions, and restrictions, on what property alterations are permissible for those living within a housing tract” (Bakken Para. 1). The origin of the US law has some English roots. The British in America put into practice their homeland laws after slight adjustments so as to serve the US better (Beatty & Samuelson, 2006). It is recorded that the English colonists left the idea that the people were supreme and that it is only by their consent that the government governed over them. This knowledge of people being superior to the government led to the creation of internal checks and balances that could help to prevent government from overstepping the mandate given to them by the people and abusing their rights (Criminal Laws, 2009). At the present time criminal laws are created by the constitution. The legislative bodies also play part in the creation of criminal laws. The US constitution has created and empowered the congress to create laws as long as the laws created do not violate the constitution. It is worth noting that a federal statute applies for all the US states; however state statutes only apply in particular states where they were created. Case law or common law is a result of a decision made from a court ruling. A case law in the US sets the basis upon which a future case can be ruled and thus acts as law upon which similar cases can be ruled. It is worth noting that for a case to be ruled on the basis of another case it has to be shown that they have similar circumstances beyond any doubt (Criminal Laws, 2009). The constitution is supreme and should be considered when laws are being created (Hayward, 2000). Any law that goes against the constitution should be disbanded. I believe that laws created should uphold human dignity and if there is any proposal that wil
Since the resources of Afghanistan offer great opportunities for the state development and for the enhancement of industry, it is necessary to realize the benefits of the enhancement of mining as well as the probable obstacles. If used efficiently, the local resources can have great impact on Afghanistan industry and economics. Thus, it is of great importance to evaluate all pros and cons of mining in Afghanistan. Anyway, one of the key aspects would be the question of how to draw the additional investments to the state. According to what World Bank Group claims, the Afghanistan government is currently concerned with the state of agriculture in the country, whereas the mining industry is left unattended at present. Thus, it would be possible to develop this sphere, making it clear that the given enterprise pursues the goal of enriching the land. Indeed, the riches which can be found in this land strike everyone’s imagination: as World Bank Group says, even gold ore can be found here. Taking a closer look at the state of affairs in the country, it becomes clear that only with help of additional investments, the country will be able to get out of the poverty pit and start out a journey to prosperity. As long as the reasons for additional investments from the other countries are found, the Afghanistan problem will be solved. Since “investment projects encompass a broad range of sectors – from agriculture to urban development, rural infrastructure, education and health” (World Bank Group), it is possible to suggest that investments in Afghan will help to resolve certain economical problems and lead the country out of the poverty which it is suffering from at the moment. Speaking of the resource cost, one can suppose that the value of the minerals obtained will be stunning, since the country is extremely rich in iron ore. It must be also born in mind that Afghanistan is rich in petroleum and gas, which means that the enterprise under discussion is going to be rather profitable. In addition, according to the evidence of the “Gem Hunter”, Afghanistan is welling in precious stones, which can also be a good reason for investment campaign (Bowesox). However, it must be admitted that to achieve this goal, it will be necessary to conduct effective land acquisition. As Adam Bennett claims, there has been recently a successful attempt in land acquisition to create more effective system of housing (Bennett 43), which allows to suggest that the given enterprise will be crowned with success as well in terms of the land acquisition. However, one must keep in mind that the costs spent on this enterprise are going to be sufficient. Another problem to tackle will be the mining rights in Afghanistan. Since mining rights in Afghanistan presuppose that the international norms are applied in case of the land acquisition, it can be considered that the legal issues will be tackled easily. However, one must keep in mind that certain cultural issues, such as the local traditions and the system of belief can hinder the process of min
Introduction Recent years have seen drastic changes in climate and terms such as global warming and greenhouse gases are common even to the children in primary schools. The earth’s temperature is increasing steadily and this process is termed as global warming. It is also the major contributor for global climate change. The greenhouse gases are responsible for global warming and include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides. These gases are responsible to trap heat that has been reflected from the earth’s surface making the earth warmer and warmer. There are several studies that specifically point out the global temperature increase of 0.5°C over the last century. However, it is also suggest that there is a rapid increase in temperature in the past one or two decades and has resulted in drastic changes in climate. A controversy triggered in the scientific community, when it was studied that plants contribute to the methane content in the atmosphere. Methane gas (CH 4 ) is one of the major contributors for global warming. The study estimated that about 60 million to 240 million metric tons of methane is released annually from the vegetations around the world (Keppler and Röckmann, 2007). This paper intends to give a brief account of the links between methane, plants and climate change. Main body As we all know that the climate is changing and the earth is warming up. Today, it is proven beyond doubt that the major cause for the climate change is human-induced. The increase in global temperature is directly having an impact on the species and the ecosystems. Besides, it is beyond any doubts that climate change is one of the greatest threats facing the planet. Man’s rising needs have concurrently amplified the load of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuels releases several harmful pollutants and is a major contributor for the greenhouse gases. Increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases the earth’s temperature and results in malting of glaciers and ice sheets (Meehl et al., 2005). Scientists estimate that global average air temperature near Earth’s surface raised 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.3 ± 0.32 °F) in the past century. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is the anthropogenic activities that has increased the load of greenhouse gases since the mid-20th century that has resulted in global warming (IPCC, 2007). The study by Frank Keppler and Thomas Röckmann (2007) surprised the scientific community about the production of methane from the plant sources. Sooner they realized that vegetation is a part of the planet earth for several millions of years and it is only in the recent years that climate change is drastic. Therefore, the amount of methane from the vegetation cannot be a sole reason for the rapid climatic change. Besides the green vegetation is the green lung of the planet earth. In fact, the existence of life on earth is the result of the precious oxygen that is released from the plantation.
Introduction On the whole, it should be stressed that SSgt Rodriquez is apparently suffering from the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may occur after an individual has been exposed to a traumatic event (such as witnessing a death or injury during the war as a civilian or a soldier), and includes symptoms such as disturbing thoughts, dreams or feelings pertaining to the traumatic situation, changes in the thinking style, increased magnitude of the fight-or-flight response, and so on (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Clinical and Counseling Goals for Patient Because SSgt Rodriquez is suffering from the PTSD, it is possible to set the following as the clinical goals for him:  1. Understand the elements of the memories of the traumatic experiences that cause distress and anxiety in SSgt Rodriquez;  2. Help the patient to avoid using the common coping strategies that only exacerbate the problem;  3. Subject the experiences to additional reflection so as to reduce the capability of the memories to induce pathological behaviors in the patient. The counseling goals will include:  1. Helping the patient cope with the fact that others may display irrational behaviors in stressful situations;  2. Helping SSgt Rodriquez to restore his relationships with his colleagues and his friends, which have been harmed by his anger management issues resulting from the PTSD. In addition, SSgt Rodriquez should visit a physician for his headaches, which may be the result of some yet unidentified health condition caused by his concussion. Counseling Approach According to such authors as Ehlers et al. (2014), cognitive therapy may be highly effective for patients suffering from PTSD. It should be stressed that cognitive therapy is usually provided for the patie
Turkey is a famous tourist destination that is popular among many tourists all over the globe. One particular feature of the country that attracts many tourists is the diversity of experience. While some might enjoy a quiet beach vacation, those who prefer an active lifestyle will also find many exciting opportunities in Turkey. The present paper will outline the international and domestic markets for pleasure and leisure in Turkey, including hospitality, shopping, dining, and sports. Hospitality The hospitality market in Turkey is particularly prominent due to the popularity of this country among tourists. The number of international tourists in Turkey was 12.2 million in 2017 and has been growing for the past year (EY Turkey, 2017). The number of hotel rooms available in Turkey has also increased between 2014 and 2017 and is estimated to be about 15,000,000 in 2018 (EY Turkey, 2017). Turkey has a large number of international hotel chains operating in various cities, such as Hilton, Novotel, and Mariott. However, it also has a well-developed domestic hospitality market, with thousands of Turkish hotels and hotel chains in operation (EY Turkey, 2017). The size of both hospitality markets in Turkey has a positive effect on tourism because it enables customers to choose a hotel that suits their needs, budget, and personal preferences. Shopping The retail market in Turkey is also large and diverse, which plays an essential role in attracting tourists to the country. There are three critical forms of retail in Turkey: shopping malls, standalone shops, and markets. Markets and independent shops usually sell domestically produced items, including furniture, accessories, clothing, and food (Arslan, 2018). Shopping malls, on the other hand, offer a mixture of domestic and international brands, thus catering to the needs and preferences of a variety of customers (Arslan, 2018). For tourists, shopping for locally produced goods in Turkey is more attractive due to low prices and significant variability. As a result, the domestic retail market remains more prominent than the international one, contributing to the growth of the retail sector in the country. Dining Dining experiences in Turkey are diverse and suit a variety of customer preferences. There is a broad range of local foods available in restaurants and markets. However, many restaurants serve European or Western cuisine. Most of these businesses are locally owned and operated, and few international chains are popular in Turkey. Most of these are fast-food restaurants, such as Burger King, McDonald’s, or Carl’s Junior. Therefore, although the dining market in Turkey is diverse, the vast part of this market is domestic, and international businesses in this sector are normally limited to fast-food chains. Sports Turkey offers a variety of sports and activities for active traveling. Water sports are particularly popular among tourists because they are offered throughout popular tourist destinations in t
The Article by Way and Lieberman (2010) The issues concerning cultural differences have been discussed throughout decades. It is often believed that such factors influencing people’s behaviour as cultural differences and genetic differences are not interconnected. However, many researchers argue that genetic and cultural differences are interrelated. For instance. Way and Lieberman (2010) claim that genes contribute to the development of cultural differences. The authors even mention the two genes that play crucial role in this process: the serotonin and opioid. The researchers reveal the results of recent research that confirms assumptions that genetic differences are interconnected with cultural differences. One of the major claims of the authors is that genetic peculiarities may “interact with ecological and social factors to influence psychocultural differences” (Way & Lieberman, 2010, p. 203). The researchers assert that genetic variations may affect the development cultural [peculiarities of people. The researchers focus on psychological peculiarities of Western and Asian people. Notably, many researchers focus on such peculiarities as Western self-confidence and Asian collectivism. Way and Lieberman (2010) reveal the particular reason for this characteristic feature. This finding makes it easier to understand peculiarities of people’s behaviours. Other Opinions Admittedly, there are still different views on the matter, though researchers tend to admit that genetic peculia