Create one spray diagram to summarize the different ideas of the article respecting the conventions, and techniques Draw a multiple cause diagram to show all the sources of the Limitations of current Methods for Studying Mental Models of Systems. Reflect on your diagram in no more than 200 words Some of the limitations with the current study method of the Mental model are caused by the lack of facilitators to measure the present model before implementing the new one. Consequently, there is no way for the facilitators to evaluate the impact of the new model. This causes wrong interventions that may be influenced by a few subjects who impose their ideas and assumptions on other members. This alters the overall intervention, and its efficiency in that setting cannot be determined. On the other hand, the previous mental process may be evaluated, forming a way for the intervention to be assessed. However, eliciting the mental model based on the views of the group, as opposed to individual perceptions leads to wrongful representation of the impact of the intervention. On the other hand, the facilitator may influence the opinions of the subjects, leading to subject bias, which poses problems in determining the efficiency of the intervention. If the individuals administering the intervention use a facilitation process that is unfamiliar with how the clients make their decisions, or use poor representation techniques when introducing the clients to the new mental model, then this increases the chances of the clients reverting to the old model. Conversely, the lack of periodic assessments of the new model may pose adaptation problems to the clients, causing them to revert to the old model. Concept of mental models Mental models reveal and assist individuals in an educational or corporate setting to understand the thought and decision-making process. According to Vosniadou (2002, p. 4) “mental models are analog representations that preserve the structure of the item they represent”. Mental models reside in the mind of individuals for long periods of time, which poses challenges when introducing new systems. However, Vosniadou claims that most mental models are created on the spot to help individuals cope with the dynamics of the situations that they are facing. The design process of mental models aims at enhancing the efficiency of individuals when tackling a problem, which enables them to arrive at solution with ease. Vosniadou states “mental models are also constrained by the framework and specific theories within which they are embedded and thus can be valuable sources of information about them” (2002, p.4). One of the key features of robust mental models is flexibility. Flexibility refers to the ability of a mental model to vary in order to provide individuals with both a positive and negative thought process (Doyle & Ford 1998). Robust models should also lead to selective perception in the decision making process. This is a necessary aspect of a mental model since it allows the system to reveal core information (Doyle & Ford 1998). Selective perception facilitates filtering of redundant information (WebFinance 2012, p. 1). The third characteristic of a robust mental mode