ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction After finishing reading on culture, a thought occurred to me regarding how the culture that defines a particular society tends to change into something completely different over time. Despite this, people, society, and what can be defined as “cultural traditions” are still considered part of the original culture despite the drastic changes that happen. For example, when looking at England at the present, the society that embodies it within the current era is drastically different from what it was during the 1800s, the 1400s, and even far before that. The society that defined itself as “British” during the 10th up to the 17th century is no longer the same, what exists in its place is an entirely new culture, a far different society, which is far more diverse in all its intents and purposes from that which was in the past. However, such a population still considers itself “British” despite the fact that it is in no way similar to what was defined as “British” in the past. This is applicable to nearly all the modern societies wherein due to hundreds of years of change, the features used to define Germans, Americans, Italians and Japanese have gone through various alterations and changes. Who they are at present cannot even be considered similar to the original culture within their country. While it may be true that some vestiges of the original culture are left, it can be stated that there are more differences than similarities wherein if you had brought someone from the 1600s to nowadays, a person would have found it difficult to see what he/she could have defined as “familiar”. Dynamic Development of Culture Based on this, I developed the notion that to consider culture as a static notion or phenomenon that is isolated to particular periods is actually fallacious. Rather, what is known as culture to most people is actually a dynamic process that constantly changes into different iterations over the years. To a certain extent, it can be stated that the different cultural periods throughout history are nothing more than stages in a development cycle that never truly ends. Based on this perspective, the cultural distinctions that we have at present will very likely undergo even more changes into something completely different to our present day experience of culture in the coming years. However, the future society will still define itself as Americans, Italians, British, and Germans. The Concept of Identification This enduring method of “identification” is not necessarily a result of culture but rather a manifestation of the sense of community that is inherent in all the society members. Various studies have shown that man (i.e. humanity) is a social creature and actually craves societal contact
Discussion In the article, the author discusses the statements made by members of the judicial branch regarding racial inequality and injustice. Although it is common for judges not to express their personal opinion on social issues because of the principle of impartiality, they have made an exception at this time. The Chiefs Justice of the States’ Supreme Courts state that the judicial system is part of the problem and has “historically been located on, or at least very near, the tip of systemic racism’s spear” (Wegman par. 8). The author notes that such statements from judges throughout the United States are a sign of commitment to change the situation. The role of the judiciary In an open letter to the legal community, the Supreme Court Justices recognized the role of the judiciary in devaluing black lives. They referred to the Supreme Court’s unfair decision to justify the refusal of the cemetery to bury black parents’ children. The author also discusses mechanisms for justifying systemic racism, including in the criminal justice sector. One of these is the “qualified immunity, which makes it almost impossible to hold law-enforcement officers and their supervisors accountable” (Wegman par. 14). The author notes that many other legal instruments are also used unfairly towards people of color, including jury selection, prosecution, and parole. The article indicates that initiatives such as the abolition of qualified immunity should be taken by the Supreme Court, although Chief Justice John Roberts, in the author’s opinion, does not take racial discrimination seriously enough. The article co
Introduction McCarthy (2001) notes that the performing arts consists of “theatre, opera, dance and music”(p.1). Over the years, there has been rapid development in the performing arts sector. Historical Background McCarthy (2001) notes that “during the 19 th century, commercial artists and organizations were the major providers of performing arts in America”(p.6). Most of the performances by then were managed by individuals and were staged in large cities and small towns and were entirely for business. McCarthy (2001) notes that the individual owners made no distinction between “high and popular arts in terms of either programming or audiences”(p.16). University Microfilms (1982) explain that by the end of the 19 th century, new technologies which included radio, recorded music, films, radio, and television were introduced, and this led to reduction in the number of live performing arts organizations. All these were important tools for leisure and recreation. During this period, a lot of customers diverted from the live propriety arts which marked the first major shift in the performing arts. The live high arts were presented in the nonprofit sector while the most popular arts that were both live and recorded fell mainly into the commercial sector. By mid century, McCarthy (2001) notes that there were live professional performing arts that were supported by nonprofit arts institutions that were centered in major metropolitan areas. McCarthy (2001) explains that on the other hand, “in the late 1950s and early 1960s, there was an increased growth of funders in performing arts due to the introduction of the new financing technique that was initiated by the Ford Foundation”(p.38). During this period, there was a lot of expansion and geographic dispersion of organizations of nonprofit arts in the country (McCarthy, 2001) By the year 1980, much expansion in the performing arts sector was experienced (University Microfilms, 1982). It’s quite clear that growth from leveraged funding will not live long. In addition, the live performing arts are dying due to the preferred use of broadcast and recorded media to experience the performing arts. These developments have impacted both the profit and the non-profit organizations strategies, which in turn have changed the performing arts system with regard to what is performed and the manner in which it is delivered. A study carried out by Godfrey & Uri
I visited the Museum on Saturday 12 February this year from 9 am to 5 pm. The Holocaust Museum Houston serves as a monument and strives to teach people about the consequences of cruelty and prejudice, as its motto and tagline “Stop Hate.” “Let’s begin here”(Holocaust Museum Houston, 2022). The museum emphasizes the perils of intolerance, bigotry, and apathy by drawing on the lessons of the Holocaust and other massive genocides. There is fear that if these sins are ever allowed to get out of hand, another mass massacre on a scale much bigger than the Holocaust could occur. “Bearing Witness: A Community Remembers,” a permanent display at the museum, conveys the Holocaust story directly from the source. The exhibition revolves around the lives and encounters of Holocaust survivors who eventually settled in the Houston Area. This museum allows tourists to study the life of the Jews in a chronology like fashion, starting with Pre-War Europe and concluding at the end of World Conflict. Upon entering the show, the management offered an image of Jewish art and society in pre-war Europe. The museum is very young, and it features several intriguing and unusual displays. The museum’s interactive aspect was one of my favorites since it offered depictions of natural occurrences. The museum included several additional sections where one could learn unique parts of African American culture, and a traditional African American dance was among the new things known. I spent much time in the Sports exhibit, which featured mementos from players like Gabby Douglas, Serena Williams, and others and the music exhibit demonstrated the uniqueness of this museum. The Holocaust Museum was the most significant stop, and I learned a lot. It gave everyone present a genuine representation of what transpired during the era of the Holocaust. Apart from being the most sensitive of the visitors to this museum, I gained more information and expertise. Through the drawings, I learned about how the two Holocaust survivors, among other things. It was incredible to hear from those who had been there and witnessed it firsthand. The Holocaust was a period of prejudice against people of many races and beliefs and a terrible time for tens of thousands of people. It felt like back to the 1944 era during World War II while walking around the room looking at all the numerous relics and documents related to the Holocaust. During the way to the rail car, the sorrow of the casualties of this horrible period hit me hard. There was a confined and uneasy atmosphere in the car, with only eight individuals onboard. An instruction stand indicated that the management would put 50 people in there for travels that would last days at a time. The Holocaust Museum was
Introduction The Canadian approach to establish its distinctive cultural environment has always been a major issue in Canada. The post-war period started the process of influence of the American ideology in Canada. However, as Americanization took wider spread through different countries in the world, this process in Canada might have been less affecting due to identical background. The cultural nationalism in Canada might have been raised by the anti-Americanism, but at the same time it lost its presumable factors afterward. This paper analyses the movements and the efforts taken to protect the cultural nationalism in Canada, and providing the idea that the reasons for such actions were not limited to opposing the Americanization, or specifically cultural Americanization, additionally showing the state of the cultural US-Canada relations at this time. Analysis The Americanism always to some extent was a part of the Canadian national consciousness as modern Canada has arisen on the basis of denying the American model of social development. For Canadians, the anti-Americanism is characteristic as much as Franco-English dualism of the country which during two centuries was the basic pillar of national identity.1 The anti-Americanism was not as much of a phenomenon which had the objective reasons in fear of the American expansion, but more of a powerful propaganda instrument of the Canadian political and business elites used it for strengthening of their positions. Although to some extent at times their bias against the USA could be quite sincere and dictated fears for destiny of Canada. The Canadian anti-Americanism can be defined as aversion and fear of the American actions in military, political, cultural and economic spheres which, being widespread among the population, usually are hidden if they are not maintained by business, political or cultural groups in the purposes During existence of British Empire the anti-Americanism served as the tool of stimulation of the pro-British moods among Canadians, and then, after achievement of the sovereignty by Canada, has lost its imperial painting, but has still remained means of restraint of economic, political and spiritual influence of the USA in Canada. It is necessary for Canadians to develop the healthy nationalism constructed not on a phobia and search of politically convenient enemies, but on own positive values, on the best understanding of the country and the resources. The anti-Americanism as means of stimulation of the Canadi
Introduction Background to the Research Engineering, procurement and construction management, often referred to as EPCM, is a concept that is becoming increasingly popular in the construction industry. When undertaking major construction projects, companies and government entities are often keen to ensure that they are completed within the stipulated budget and timeframe. However, Ward (2018) observes that most of these projects often take longer than the set timeline and the cost often exceeds the initially planned budget. Whenever the cost and period of completion fail to meet the initial plan, cases of lost opportunities often arise. The project owner will lose the benefits that were to be received from the completed project within a given period. It means that beneficiaries of the project would have to wait longer before they can start enjoying the benefits. In some cases, the project owner may not have additional funds to support the inflated cost of completing the project, especially in cases where the adjusted cost significantly varies from the initial one. The delays and cost inflation are often arising because of various issues. Turner (2017) explains that most contractors would be quick to shift the blame when these undesirable events occur. One of the common issues that often arise is the delay in completing the design. When a contractor has to wait for another company to develop the design, it is possible that they may be forced to start the project late when the other party takes long to deliver the design. Another common complaint is a poorly coordinated procurement system (Mosey, 2019). It is essential to ensure that all the materials needed for construction are delivered at the right time and in the stated quantities. When another company is contracted to facilitate the delivery of materials, the contractor can easily shift the blame to the logistics company. Issues such as the time it takes to get the approval from relevant government authorities may also be blamed for delays in project and potential inflation of the overall cost. The concept of engineering procurement and construction management emerged as a way of eliminating problems of inflation of project cost and the inability to complete the project within the set period. Accor
The main idea presented in the article was the problem of raising money to fund the civil war. The south was in a deeper financial crisis than the north during the civil war, which raised the propping question on “how do you build a war chest in the middle of a war?” (Kreiser 3). The author claims that during the war, the confederacy was in serious need of money to fund the war because the south could not sell cotton to European markets because the union had blocked the southern harbors, which provided access to the sea and a direct route to Europe. The only source for the confederacy to raise money were to seize food and materials from the citizens. The south was in a dilemma because most of the wealth was tied up in slaves, land and little cash was available to buy government bonds. The union was also in serious need of money to fund the war. Among the interesting ideas discussed in the article were the new currencies introduced to facilitate the monetary transactions of the exchange of goods and services, which were used by the north as an opportunity to strengthen its ties with the union. In addition, the personal intervention of the treasury secretary Christopher Memminger that kept the government in the south on its feet is another interesting idea, which shows the devotion and convictions of the people about the war. According to Kreiser, new ideas were represented during and after the war (23). Those ideas were the introduction of new currencies and fiscal ways of conducting transactions across different states using standardized banking practices. Works Cited Kreiser, Christine, M.” Cash for combat”. America’s Civil War , 24.4 (2011), p. 1-20. Print.
Sharma et al. (2014) conducted a study with the intention of identifying the relationship that existed between the accessibility of primary care among those considered as low-income residents and their spending in Medicare. The researchers also compared the variables mentioned above with the quality of care in various hospital referral regions (HRRs). Sharma et al. (2014) pointed out that there were variations in Medicare spending and clinical quality across the United States. These variations were caused by factors such as differences in the cost of educating physicians in different regions, variations in cost of access to health care due to variations in policies, differences in the quality and number of trainings offered to health care personnel, as well as the disparities in the supply of medical equipment and other related resources. According to Sharma et al. (2014), there are many benefits of the ease of access to primary care among the low-income earners. Such benefits include a decrease in the number of deaths, reduced hospitalization, and a reduction in the number of emergency cases that contribute to a high number of fatalities in the US. These benefits contribute to more savings in Medicare. The authors of this paper argued that the large amount of money that was initially used to treat low-income residents for ailments that would have been prevented through primary care was now being saved for use in other development projects. There were many sources of funding for primary care that were identified by the authors of this study. For example, the Health Center Program is an important primary care program aimed at addressing the low-income populations. The program is being funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration. The revenue collected for services rendered to patients is used to support health centers. However, Medicaid covers a majority of the patients attending health centers in the US (Sharma et al. 2014). As a result, Medicaid influences the operations of many US medical centers in terms of their staff numbers, as well as bed capacity. Sharma et al. (2014) collected data from three sources: Geographical Variation in Medicare Spending and Utilization, Uniform Data System, and the American Community Survey. The researchers focused on the amount of spending on health care and the quality of service that the low-income populations received from the health centers. The authors analyzed the data obtained using bivariate methods. The results of the analysis showed that hospital referral regions that had an increased penetration of health care indicated a 10 percent decrease in Medicare spending among the fee-for-service elderly recipients, in comparison to the areas that had reduced penetration of health centers. There was also an increase in quality of clinical care of the young ones in referral regions that
Lawfty Restore Hotel accounts year ended 5 th April 2010 Following the concerns brought to my attention by the officer of the revenue in his letter dated 30 th September 2010, I hereby seek to explain. After careful investigation and analysis of Lawfty Hotel accounts for the year ended 5 th April, I found out that there were specific accounting errors and omissions that needed to be adjusted. Therefore, I have prepared the following report for your review and adjustment. Mrs. M. intended to pay the full cost incurred by the hotel as a result of her brother’s stay in the hotel. However, due to family conflict between her and the brother, the payment was delayed and the accountant failed to make the necessary adjustment in time. On 15 th October, Mrs. M paid to Lawfty Hotel an amount of $870 for the pending cost of her brother’s stay in the hotel but the accounts were not adjusted accordingly. There are six garages attached to Lawfty Hotel. However, these garages are currently under new ownership. While one of the six garages has been set aside for use by the employees at Lawfty, the other five garages were sold out at $ 50000 each and are currently operated by an upcoming motor vehicle company (Tow Motors). Since Tow Motors has not gained much popularity in Cornwall, the company still utilizes Lawfty Hotel’s brand name in its marketing strategy. In the financial year ending 5 th April 2010, the number of drinks sold was recorded at 75000 units. The number of units that the company had bought from its suppliers in the same year was 100000 units. However, the stock of drinks brought forward to the financial year ending April 5 th , 2011 was 15000 units. On 1 st October, Mrs. M launched an investigation on the issue and found out that 15 members of the staff had been stealing drinks from the hotel. These workers were laid off immediately and were made to pay $500 each to Lawfty Hotel in compensation for the loss. Several college and high school students work in Lawfty Hotel for monetary and in-kind compensation. These part-time employees are paid less than $ 20 per week and in some incidences, the hotel provides them with free food or accommodation in return for their services. 50 employees in Lawfty Hotel’s restaurant crew and bar attendants are part-time students earning less than twenty dollars a week and are not listed in the payroll. Lawfty Hotel pays $ 100 as Mrs. M monthly membership fee to The Vampire Society. This decision was reached by Mrs. M who felt that the membership improved her skills in customer service which would improve business performance in the long run. Also, Rats-Hilda, Mrs. M’s nephew, who was earning an annual income of $ 40000, is the hotel’s operations manager and is 36 years old. I have attached a summary of numeric adjustments to be made on the taxable profits. Please make the necessary adjustments to the Lawfty Hotel tax return schedule. Numeric adjustment summary Pre-tax profit year ended 5 th April 2010 (Before adjust