ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Environmental ethics is a developing branch of philosophy, filled with debate on the approach and relationship of human civilization to nature. The central divide stands at the focus of consideration of morality behind human action regarding the non-human world. The principle of sequential evolution of ethics by Roderick Frazier Nash states that humanity will reach an ethical precipice at which point there will be a moral responsibility to acknowledge the intrinsic value of non-human life (Clements 2017). With the spread of globalism, economic expansion and improvement of human life are growing with environmental sustainability in consideration. In the current reality, non-anthropocentric environmental ethics are impractical in fields of international development, and poverty reduction as the primary focus is on improvements for the human population. Anthropocentrism and Non-Anthropocentrism Anthropocentrism upholds the approach that mankind is the centric part of nature, and in a system of value, human existence should be sustained above any other environmental or natural entity. The privilege falls to humanity’s issues in decision-making regarding usage and sustainability of the non-human world. The philosophy argues, since human beings are the only creature with developed rationalism, the species is morally valuable, therefore should be protected at all costs. There is a range of adherence to the theory, with strong and weak anthropocentrism existing when dealing with the environment. While strong anthropocentrism gives humans no duty or regard for the natural world, weak anthropocentrism understands that the environment plays a role in the survival of future generations, and therefore must be protected and sustained to some effect (Clements 2017). A key term in the ethical debate is intrinsic value. It means that something has value because of its essential nature, with a need for development and protection based on that significance, regardless of any other factors (Clements 2017). Non-anthropocentrism is essentially a reversal of anthropocentrism, stating that the non-human world has value independent of its benefit to humanity. It is ecocentric, placing the intrinsic value away from humanity to the natural world. However, from an outside perspective, it can be argued that every species contributes to the health of the ecosystem in some way. Therefore the benefits and consequences will also have an effect. Any environmental ethic is essentially anthropological as humanity ultimately determines intrinsic value. As a result, policy-makers and social scientists are anthropocentric, and such assumptions are reflected in their scholarly and political programs (McShane 2007). On a theoretical, ethical level, non-anthropocentrism is considered radical, in terms that it would be against human nature to practically engage in that philosophy. It would mean stalling any technogenic or economic development. If taken to the extreme, it would argue for extermination or simple disregard for human life as the destructive force in the ecosystem. If humans valued the intrinsic value o
Introduction Vulnerable population has become a burden for the United States as because their lacks of economic stability, improper health care service, social ignorance and so many other controversial factors. As they are considered as an important portion of the total U.S. population, that’s why they are to be treated equally compared to the other U.S. citizens. One of the complex issues in their current situation is their health related problems. Their mental health problem and the drug abuse are two issues that have made them out of success (Mahar, 27 February 2008). The goal set by the U.S. department of health and human services named “healthy people 2010 goals” is largely depends on this vulnerable population (Chrval and Bulger, 2007 & The National Library of Medicine, n.d.). Furthermore, in addition others things are also becoming obstacle to get the success. Hispanics and African American represent a large portion of entire U.S. population. Hispanics generally come from the Latin countries and Africa American from the content Africa. But the most important fact is that, among them a huge number of people are homeless and it is to be said the self-contradictory characteristic of U.S. the richest country of the world. These communities are suffering from improper health care services and have the high tendency to suicide. Their education background is also vulnerable compared to the whites. In this case the nurses can play a major role in regarding both providing the better health care services and educate this vulnerable population (Mrayyan and Huber, 2003). There are also some other health related problems that can be solved by making a positive atmosphere by the nurses. The nurses need to know and understand in what circumstances they will act and how they will do that. But it is not an easy task to do for the nurses as there are so many racial issues are involved. The concept of “personal is political” should be considered (Isenberg, 1992). In context of America it is now a very sophisticated issue. This concept “contends that personal experiences, lifestyles, and possibilities are not dictated exclusively by personal choices or preferences but are confined by the broader political and social society” (Z Magazine Online, July, 1997). The same thing is happened in regarding the vulnerable population. The nurses should memories this factor in the way of educating and providing the heath care service to these communities. The school health service includes both doctors and nurses; however,….. the role school nurses should ideally occupy within health education and health (DeBell and Everett, 1998). The immigrants of Latino communities are in sense of this concept. It is known that this homeless Hispanics or African American has no access to the health care resources. It may be there are socioeconomic trends, ethical, legal and regulat
Rationality has always been a characteristic of a mature adult with vast life experience for me, thus I have not applied this quality to myself. Gilboa provides a point of view that rationality balances feasibility and desirability, making me think of reviewing my decision-making attitudes. The book also revealed how certainty influences choices, as Gilboa states: “people arrive at erroneous conclusions when they mistakenly assume that they have control over choices that are not theirs to make” (7). People do not act rationally during pandemics; however, their behavior is explainable. The world significantly changed, and humanity needs time to get used to the new conditions. Moreover, the risk of catching a life-threatening virus might let people make irrational consumer choices to feel safer. The activity I find unreasonable in choosing careers like family members. Having a dynasty of teachers or doctors is honorable, but individuals might want to have a different profession. I heard stories of men who left their countries to earn more money for families. The opportunity to provide loved ones with a better life by getting a high-paid job is rational. However, I disagree with it because it does not comply with the family institution values as one parent leaves home for a long time. My classmate’s response includes a sound description of rationality as a personal trait. Their interest in how economists define consumers’ rationality is understandable, as Gilboa’s book examples show that proper presentation of a product can affect the rational decision-making process. I agree that we always have to consider that we are humans, and our choices cannot be rational. My classmate provides the theories of absurdism and Zen philosophy to conclude that rationality is interdisciplinary. The latter proves that a lot of aspects of human character, culture, environment, and living conditions must be considered in rational decision-making. Work Cited Gilboa, Itzhak. Rational Choice. The MIT Press, 2010.
Introduction Amazon started from a low economic background when it commenced its operations as an online bookseller in 1994. Its founder, Jeff Bezos, operated under the proclamation of becoming big fast. He understood the unexploited affluence of the Internet when he began the company. Jeff and his spouse settled for Seattle as the prime location for the firm since it was the center of technological advancement and would not tax many clients attributable to the sparse population of Washington. The earliest operations of the company happened in a garage. Most investors were doubtful about the company’s continued success, and some believed it would ultimately go bankrupt (GreyB, 2021). On the contrary, Amazon has continued to rise in the industry and has expanded from selling only books to trade in nearly any product and providing various services. In 1997, Amazon had its Initial Public Offering, where the company obtained over 50 million dollars. The amount raised through the public offering gave the corporation a face value of more than 430 million dollars. In 1998, it extended beyond books to incorporate music compact discs and, eventually, electronics, toys, and tools (DePillis & Sherman, 2021). In 2007, Amazon initiated the Kindle e-book reader, followed by the Fire in 2011. In 2006, Amazon established cloud computing packages, a studio in 2010, and the online marketplace for artistry in 2013. It has also purchased several businesses over the years, including Audible.com, Ring, Twitch.tv, Alexa.com, IMDB.com, AbeBooks, Goodreads, Whole Foods Market, Annapurna Labs, Kiva Systems (now known as Amazon Robotics), and Zappos. The management of Amazon should make amicable resolutions to identified problems and mitigate possible risks to ensure that the corporation maintains its leading position in the online market. Business Profile Amazon, the world’s major online store, is headquartered in Seattle, Washington, United States. Three chief executive officers lead Amazon. Jeff Bezos acts as the company’s top executive officer, while Jeff Wilke and Andy Jassy serve as the company’s global consumer and web services CEOs, correspondingly. The chief financial officer is Brian Olsavky, while Werner Vogels is the chief technology officer (Cuofano, n.d.). Jeff Bezos has segmented the company into three divisions: Amazon online services, marketplace, and Amazon Prime. He refers to them as the business’s three masts. Although Amazon began as a book-selling site, it quickly extended into other sectors, for instance, consumer technology, cloud computing, logistics, entertainment, and media, boosting its value to over a
It can be argued that, as the American populace holds the views of long life-expectancy, many features of healthcare, finances, traditions and politics have been changed. In this case, the study of gerontology looks at the connection between personal capabilities, sources of social help, and policies as well as the programs offering these services. From this it can be noted that, one of these policies and programs is the social security provided to the ageing population in America (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2007). It should be noted that, the social security policy was established in August 14, 1935 under the ‘Social Security Act’. In this case, the policy was established in the attempt of preventing what were viewed as hazards in the ‘modern American life’; which included old age, deficiency as well as other life struggles faced by widows and orphan children. It is of importance to note that, presently the social support program is provided for under the American ‘Social Support Act, 42 U.S.C. ch.7”. Based on this at; reimbursement to retirees and the jobless are offered; as well as a lump-sum reimbursement in the case of death. From this it can be argued that, reimbursement to current retirees are funded by the payroll levy on the current workers’ salaries, where half is remunerated directly as the payroll levy; and the other half provided for by the employer. On the other hand, this Act also provides funds to the States to be offered as assistance to the aged population which is included in Title 1 of the Act (Skidmore & Skidmore, 1999). It should be noted that, this Social Security program was implemented as a measure to execute social insurance, during the period of the Great Depression of the 1930s. In this case, this was the period when deficiency rates among the older citizens were beyond fifty percent. It should be noted that in the year 1934, more than half of the senior citizens in America had a deficiency of sufficient income to be self-reliant. From this, the social security program was established to assist the signor citizens to cope up with life with minimal difficulties. Additionally, the social security program is at present the leading social insurance program in America; which contains approximately 37% of the federal government’s spending and roughly 7% of the country’s GDP. On the other hand it can be argued that, this program is at present anticipated to assist approximately 40% of all the senior citizens aged 65 or older out of deficiency in America. It should be noted that, this program is expected to increase its assistance to a large number of senior citizens in the United States; despite the political controversies which has been facing it during the last three decades (Jurkowski, 2007). Further it is of an importance to note that for one to be eligible for the social security; the lowest age is 62 and also one must be proved needy. In this case, the services of social security are offered mostly in monetary terms provided to the
Sources of Funding Generally, to start and manage a business enterprise requires capital to facilitate the whole process. Starting the apparel firm needs adequate funding to cater for initial expenses like purchasing or hiring building, decorations, acquiring inventory, and to pay for the workers. To obtain such a huge amount of funds requires an investor to have a proper plan. An individual should identify various types of funding that can suitably provide start-up cash for the business. This research paper will focus on strategies of obtaining funding for Mommy and Me Apparel Company and include sources that would not be appropriate for sourcing finance. The business will require $450,000 as start-up capital to ensure the requirements, including inventories, stores, office equipment, and workers’ salaries. The firm will employ one manager and eight staff members to lead and oversee the operations. It will need a departmental store that holds both the office and various stores containing the stock. The company will use various strategies to obtain the funding, including self-funding, government grants, family and friends, angel investors, and strategic partners. Self-funding Self-funding involves using personal savings or properties to raise the necessary capital for the business. I will use a print-on-demand company to obtain some capitals that aided in starting the clothing firm. I would take the available bank balance, cash at hand, land, building, and other resources I own, then convert them to money to provide the necessary amount for starting and managing the operations (Zhao, 1). The approach will allow me to have full control of the firm since all the contributions are individual based. Family Members and Friends To obtain the required funding to establish the firm, I would seek financial assistance from relatives and friends who are able and willing to donate resources. I would encourage them to organize fundraising so that I can achieve the needed capital. Collecting contributions from the families would be effective since they will also feel part of the enterprise thus can offer any support in the future. Government Grants Government grants are also an effective source of funding for business operations. I would ensure I seek the available state grants and contracts to raise the capital. Financing is essential since the money is not paid back in the future, which results in total control of the apparel business (Wiener, 2). The capital can be essential in starting and advancing the growth of the business organization. Angel Investors This strategy involves looking for potential investors who are wil
Of all the things that people take for granted, air would probably take the first prize. Despite the fact that without air, the life on the Earth would be impossible, the attitude towards air has been rather careless for considerably long time, which has led to a number of problems concerning air ecology in the present-day world. One of the issues on the agenda is the quality of indoor air, the factors that influence it and the means to improve the indoor air quality, or IAQ. Because of a range of negative factors, both human-induced and natural, the average index of indoor air quality is rapidly decreasing, which can lead to a number of health issues and, therefore, requires certain actions. Although a home accommodation is not typically used as storage of toxic waste, there are still a lot of indoor factors that make the IAQ worse. Among the most common pollutants, the ones that seem the most innocent or appear to be the least noticeable often take the first place. Outlining the key pollutants will bring one a step closer to understanding how to increase the IAQ. The first pollutant to mention is animal hair. Cluttering the room, it creates perfect environment for more dust and bacteria. Dust mites, which have already been mentioned, serve as the place for bacteria growth and are also classified as pollutants. Weirdly enough, food comes in a close second, mostly because its particles also clutter the area. Another source of air pollution at home, chemicals have a rather deplorable result on the state of the IAQ. While chemicals help cleaning the place, in a paradoxical way, they are also classified as strong allergens and, therefore, harm the indoor air considerably. However, banning chemicals from use as a means to clean home accommodation is not a way out either; according to the existing evidence, the pollen in carpets and upholstery that appear as a result of insufficient cleaning is also classified as an allergen and a factor that enhances IAQ deteriorate. Likewise, tobacco, or even second-hand smoke, contributes to making the IAQ even worse, since the particles of tobacco soar in the air, cluttering the lungs of the dwellers. Damp basements, in their turn, spur the growth of mould and can be related to as rather hazardous phenomenon. Finally, such issues as CO and CO2 production, as well as radon radiation that are emitted from some of the materials that buildings are constructed from, should be mentioned. Even though the hair-rising list of threats offered above is a fraction of the harsh reality, there are still some ways to handle the problem. First of all, the ecology of the environment must be improved; once the air is polluted outside, there is no way to make it cleaner inside the house. Then, certain methods of more efficient house cleaning must be adopted. Finally, it is necessary to enhance the awareness about the home accommodation ecology among people (Plushke 242). Summary Unlike outdoor air quality, which is usually influenced largely by industries, large-scale air pollutants like plants and factories, and toxic waste, indoor air
Social Labels and Education Learning is a very complex process and usually happens under the influence of many different factors. The symbolic interactionist perspective is based on the perception of education as a result of communication between different parties heavily influenced by their labeling patterns (OpenStax). In particular, the perspective aligns with the idea that labels assigned within the communities and groups participating in an interaction can produce a strong effect on the ways they behave and on the results they demonstrate. When it comes to the film entitled “A Class Divided”, it can serve as an excellent and a very telling example of the impact produced by labels in society. In the film, in her attempt to teach children about discrimination using the first-hand experience, the teacher divides the class into two groups based on their eye color; one of the groups is pronounced better and smarter than the other and is allowed to enjoy some benefits that the second group does not obtain. The teacher repeatedly says that “blue-eyed people are smarter than brown-eyed people” and use every opportunity to point to it while the students go one with their learning activities ( A Class Divided ). On the next day, the strategy is reversed, and brown-eyed students are treated as smarter and better ones. Interestingly, the groups of children very quickly begin to show the academic performance results that match their labels. As the teacher asked her students what the reason for their low performance was, they said “this” and pointed to their collars – the indicators of them being a lower and less privileged part of the class (A Class Divided). In that way, one could notice that not only the privileged group was the one using stereotypes about the lower part of the class, but the latter also exercised the same negative stereotype against themselves letting it affect their moods, focus, emotions, and in turn, academic achievements throughout the day. Religiousness in the United States Regardless of the distinct and thoroughly maintained separation of state and church, the United States of America continues to be a predominantly Christian nation. To be more precise, according to the data of 2014, about 70.6% of the American population identified themselves as Chr
Introduction Since the fourteenth century when Johann Gutenberg invented printing, the media has gone through several technological leaps. The media world is one of the industries that rely very heavily on technology. The last one hundred years has seen the greatest advancement in technological and massive changes, with regard to, the production of news and media contents (Gurevitch, 1991). This essay will evaluate how much technological changes in news production have affected the value of news. It will begin by giving a historical overview of the various technological milestones that have holistically transformed the media industry. Then, the paper will present the state of media production in the contemporary society and how the advancement of technology has affected the value of news. The paper also presents a conclusion, which summarizes the various ideas discussed on the topic. Discussion The merriam-Webster defines news as a just recently obtained significant information about the latest important event(s) that is either broadcasted or published for public consumption. The use of the term ‘news’ to denote newly acquired important information began after the fourteenth century. The dissemination of written documents for public consumpti