ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The development of society and the formation of moral and ethical principles have largely predetermined the features of the relationship among people, which constantly underwent changes depending on social trends. Such a concept as affirmative action is direct proof that humanity is taking steps to protect the vulnerable segments of the population and is concerned about possible problems of inequality. This concept is described in the book by Caliendo who focuses on the types of positive discrimination and notes that “there are legitimate concerns over how affirmative action affects both whites and members of racial minority groups” (187). According to him, the initiatives put forward by many activists in support of the so-called privileged targets are a logical phenomenon since the protection of people’s rights and freedoms is highly valued today (Caliendo 187). The advantage of affirmative action is also in the fact people are provided with a workplace regardless of gender, race, or physical characteristics. However, the author did not pay enough attention to how the majority treats such changes. Much attention is paid to describing the problems of minorities and vulnerable categories, but nothing has been said about the position of other people. Therefore, the following question is topical: how does the majority of the population relate to such a social phenomenon as affirmative action? An augmented position is described in the book by Wacquant where the author claims that affirmative action is still discrimination (199). Even when creating positive conditions, the emphasis is shifted to the gender, race, or origin of the person. It can also be a negative phenomenon for someone who does the same job as a minority applicant. Therefore, it is essential to observe the balance and not violate the rights of all the categories of the population. Neoliberalism Neoliberalism regards competition as the defining characteristic of human relations. It transfers people to the category of consumers whose democratic choice is best manifested in acts of buying and selling. It is these conclusions that Wacquant makes, arguing that “the freedoms and rights of the individual, the equality of all citizens, constitutionalism, private property, and entrepreneurship are the fou
All animals are capable of learning. A dog is an animal. Therefore, a dog is capable of learning. For my syllogism, I have attempted to use a general principle and form a specific conclusion that is also correct. First, I have used observation to select a topic I wanted to focus on, afterwards working to make the premise more precise and simple. As I know both from experience and education, all animals are capable of at least two types of behaviors – those they know from birth and those that they have to learn during life. Most animals have the ability to feed themselves, call out to others, or perform basic tasks ( Animal Behavior & Learning ). These abilities still had to be learned during growth, meaning that the majority of the skills an animal displays can be considered as learned skills. To complete my syllogism, I have taken a particular instance of an animal, in this case, a dog. Dogs can be generally seen as a part of the animal kingdom. They are well-known to people and well-researched in terms of their mental and physical capabilities. As most people know from their experience, one can teach a dog a variety of skills, including the ones that it might not necessarily need. For example, a person can teach a dog to bring requested items in the house, such as a remote or their socks. Additionally, a dog can learn to follow different commands and identify patterns of behavior, which also supports this animal’s capability to learn. As the two of my basic assessments appear to be true, the conclusion drawn as a result must also be true. I have managed to create a working and correct syllogism. Reference Animal Behavior & Learning . SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment. (n.d.). Web.
There has been an increase in demand for energy globally because of industrialization and an increase in population. The rise in energy demand has necessitated countries to seek alternatives to the traditional sources of energy. The petroleum and natural gas sources are only found in a small fraction of countries, mainly in the Middle East. A bio-refinery is a plant that converts biomass to produce fuels and chemicals. A bio-refinery utilizes sources of renewable energy that are more reliable than non-renewable sources. One of the bio-refineries is green bio-refinery. The green bio-refinery uses green grass or immature cereals to yield energy (Demirbas, 2009, pp. 2782-2801). For efficient production of energy from immature cereals, crops are harvested before flowering. This ensures proteins and carbohydrates are harvested when they are being synthesized, i.e before translocation. It has been found that green crops yield more energy per area of land than mature crops or mature cereals. In addition, alfalfa and clover are also used in green bio-refineries. A green bio-refinery utilizes both mechanical and chemical processes to yield energy (Demirbas, 2009, pp. 2782-2801). The first process involves compressing raw materials in a press unit. The products from the press unit are passed through a press juice unit to extract water-soluble components through biochemical and physical processes. Solid products from the first press unit are passed through a press-cake unit to undergo hydrothermical and enzymatic processes so that they are converted into cellulose. The cellulose (from the press cake) and proteins and soluble sugars (from the pressed juice) are combined in the last step to yield fuels, chemicals, feeds, and waste products. Green bio-refinery is quite economical and it can be applied, in small-scale or large-scale, to yield energy and feeds. The raw materials are readily available either from cultivation or permanent grassland. The energy produced from green bio-refinery is used in homes or industries, while feeds produced are used by animals (Demirbas, 2009, pp. 2782-2801). Algae bio-refinery is the second system that is used to produce energy and chemicals. It involves the use of microalgae. Microalgae are plants that are too tiny to be seen with naked eyes. There are several types of algae in marine systems, and they are necessary for ecosystems. Microalgae grow faster than higher plants and can be harvested all year round. Just like higher plants, they require sunlight, carbon dioxide and nutrients to grow. However, they do not compete for resources with higher plants when they are grown in arable farms. Algae are excellent sources of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and other compounds like pigments and vitamins. A typical algal bio-refinery has a section for microalgae cultivation. When the algae are mature, they ar
While analyzing the theme of violence against women (VaW) in The Sopranos , the most significant aspect is to investigate the purpose of depicting violence in the TV show. Thus, the major research question will be “Does The Sopranos endorse or criticize VaW through the frequent depiction of the scenes of cruelty?” The hypothesis of the research paper will be “The portrayal of VaW in The Sopranos promotes the vicious treatment of women by men.” To check the hypothesis, the primary and secondary sources will be addressed. Among the primary sources, there will be TV series episodes and scholarly articles focused on the gender (sexual) inequality theory. Secondary sources will include academic papers on VaW and the concept of patriarchy. To find an answer to the research question and prove or reject the hypothesis, it is necessary to analyze all sources carefully. The theme is closely related to the sexual inequality theory, and Brewer and Smith’s article helps to understand this issue better. In their research, these scholars investigate the impact of sex-based inequality on female victimization. Brewer and Smith conclude that social aspects, such as the level of education and the degree of poverty, have a more significant effect on women’s victimization than gender aspects (187). However, researchers remark that their findings do not necessarily reject the possibility of victimization to be influenced by gender inequality (Brewer and Smith 187). They suggest analyzing the question from different perspectives and with a larger sample. In her article, Yodanis investigates the relationship between VaW, gender inequality, and fear. The scholar argues that females’ occupational and educational status is closely associated with the prevalence of VaW (Yodanis 655). Moreover, Yodanis notes that such prevalence differs between countries and, thus, those with the lower status of women tend to have higher levels of violence (655). As well as Brewer and Smith, Yodanis concludes that women’s social status is the decisive factor in men’s predisposition to demonstrate cruelty against them. The author argues that gender inequality has a twofold nature: on the one hand, it is structural and on the other hand, it is ideological (Yodanis 656). The ideological character of patriarchy is manifested through values and norms associated with females’ roles and status in society. Meanwhile, the structural aspect involves females’ access to various social institutions and their position within them (Yodanis 656). Yoda
The final project is an opportunity to apply the skills and knowledge gained through three Modules in a unified assignment dedicated to anti-vaccination discourse. The op-ed piece is written from the perspective of a public medical researcher and physician who seeks to convince a broad audience that the measures taken by Instagram are correct and appropriate. Reflection describes how I combined skills and knowledge from Computer Science, English, and Philosophy in composing the op-ed. Op-ed Piece Analysis and evaluation of anti-vaccination rhetoric are particularly relevant now during the pandemic. According to Evrony and Caplan (2017), anti-vaccination websites and groups in social media “have contributed to the drop in vaccination compliance and anxieties concerning vaccination” (p. 1475). People, and especially parents of young children, become fearful and confused about the dangers and risks of vaccination. These attitudes result in a certain proportion of the population refusing to be vaccinated against diseases such as measles, mumps, and rubella. Researchers state that due to the anti-vaccination propaganda, the vaccination rate has dropped in many states, especially in Western Europe and North America, which resulted in several breakouts of measles (Hussain et al., 2018). Thus, the consequences of such misinformation are real and threaten public health. It should be noted that social media platforms are considered to be a place where everyone can express their opinion in accordance with democratic notions of freedom of speech. There is no doubt that this idea deserves respect and recognition. However, there are exceptional cases that require the restriction of this freedom for the sake of public safety and health. For example, there is no doubt that the dissemination of information on the recruitment of young people by terrorist groups should be banned. The same is right for drug trafficking and prostitution in many jurisdi
Occupational safety and health administration The situation that happens to Larry could be considered typical for a great number of different enterprises where safety technique is often disregarded. Working as a machine operator, Larry should be sure that his cardboard baler will function in the right way and will not injure him. However, at the moment, no safety shield might protect a worker and guarantee that he will not be damaged. Several points should be mentioned when considering this very situation. First, Larry should report his concerns to a person who is responsible for safety measures. Accident prevention is one of the most important issues that should be given attention at any enterprise as they serve as the basis for efficient workers functioning. Employers are obliged to comply with OSHA standards and guarantee that a workplace is safe. For this reason, any worker has to report his/her concerns in case any threat is discovered. Additionally, Larry should not be afraid of punishment. In case a certain penalty is provided, he can file a complaint with OSHA and outline the given situation. The rules that control this very spheres functioning also guarantee that an employee will work in a safe environment. That is why Larry should report his problem. Limitations on Employment at Will The Employment-at-will doctrine is an approach which states that an employer can discharge an employee without a case. However, at the moment it is limited by numerous regulations and laws which introduce a set of certain demands that should be given attention when trying to discharge a worker. This legal framework is introduced to help an employee feel more comfortable and protected in his/her workplace. As for Terrys case, he suffers from this very employment-at-will doctrine. However, it is not applicable here. The fact is that during the first day at work, Terry was given the employees handbook which stated that a person could not be terminated without a justifiable reason. However, Terry becomes discharged at his employers will, and it could not be taken as an appropriate cause. At the moment, the majority of courts state that an employees handbook should be taken into account when cogitating about the terms of the employment-at-will doctrines application. In case statements mentioned in this very handbook are violated, an employer is not able to discharge a worker. That is why Terry could use this very fact and attain justice by saying that no justifiable reason for his discharge was suggested. Employment eligibility verification The Federal Immigration Reform and Control act presuppose that employers must complete and retain Form I-9 Employment Eligibility Verification forms. Any employer is obliged to identify documents that are provided by workers to assure that they are genuine. The list of documents that establish identity and employment authorization includes US Pas
Introduction The nursing workforce of the United States of America undergoes significant changes and faces many challenges. The overall aging of the population, as well as growing technological demand in the medical sphere, requires rapid adaptation of healthcare professionals to new realities. Rural medicine and underserviced communities lack the proper flow of medical professionals and financing, thus placing the lives of the citizens in danger. In addition, the difficulties inside the organizations that are determined by understaffing and burnout emphasize the need to revise current national policies concerning the nursing workforce and improve the situation. The challenges that particular organizations face today are linked to the macro-level decision-making and have to be addressed by the new legislation. In this report, a pending bill entitled S.1399 – Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 will be analyzed with thorough attention paid to its impact on professional nursing, equitable care, and financing of the healthcare sphere. The Importance of the Pending Bill US Congress has introduced a bill aimed at the revision and extension of developmental nursing programs. S.1399 – Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 is a document that allows for amending the Public Health Services Act as per the changes in nursing staffing. It was introduced into Congress on May 9, 2019, and was forwarded to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. On September 5, 2019, the bill was introduced in Senate and is now pending approval. In case of successful implementation, the law might provide a scope of benefits for the current nursing workforce situation in the country. The importance of this bill to the citizens of the USA is determined by numerous intertwined factors. The evident reason for the bill’s introduction is the growing shortage of nursing staff across the states. It adversely affects the quality of medical services provided for the patients. The international standards of nursing professionalization are based on the identification of human resources as the main determinant influencing the quality of medical service (Gunn, Muntaner, Villeneuve, Chung, & Gea-Sanchez, 2018). People’s lives depend on the macro-level decision-making and national legislation that controls the ways in which healthcare develops. The bill aims at addressing the deficit of human resources in the
Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids (PFAAs) are organic chemicals widely distributed worldwide, causing concerns about their adverse effects on human health and the environment. They are highly resistant to environmental degradation processes, thus requiring proper waste management. These acids are found in products that people use daily. For example, perfluorooctanoic acid is used to produce cookware, food containers, and home textiles. As such, perfluorinated compounds are abundant in human life and gradually increasing their concentrations in nature. This paper examines the sources of PFAAs contamination in the environment, their effects on animal and human health, and the existing U.S. policies regarding PFAAs. PFAAs are a persistent pollutant that harms nature and human health. Industrial production and the use of perfluorinated compounds are surrounded by health and environmental concerns as they are found to have a high level of toxicity (Auer et al.). Two major manufacture areas, North America and Europe, were widely investigated, showing that PFAAs are found in different types of wildlife, such as fish, reptiles, and birds (Reiner et al. 128). That demonstrates the need for careful examination of the issue of PFAAs. There are various ways how PFAAs affect the environment and human health. The most frequent cause of contamination occurs when PFAAs are released during production in industrial sites (Reinet et al.). For example, DuPont Washington Works had produced total PFOA emissions of 80,000 pounds in 2000 and 1,700 pounds in 2004 (Hu et al.). Currently, the amount of such emissions from fluoropolymer manufacture and use continues to grow. In addition, the emissions also contribute to the greenhouse effect due to its long atmospheric lifetime. Moreover, industrial wastes further lead to contamination of the environment. With regards to people, the primary sources of perfluorinated compounds to people are food, air, food packaging, and drinking water. People interact with these products daily and cannot avoid PFAAs contamination. For instance, popcorn packages contain PFAAs; hence, the oil from microwave popcorn packages includes 6-290 parts per billion of perfluorooctanoic acid (Sunderland et al., 142). The study of the effects of perfluorinated chemicals on human health has found that local people living near DuPont’s Washington Works facility had higher levels of perfluorooctanoic acid in their blood (Hu et al. 346). It is seen that the chemicals influence blood concentration, causing some changes that lead to unavoidable consequences. For example, people living near the industrial sites of PFAAs are more likely to develop kidney cancer, thyroid disease, ulcerative colitis, and other serious illnesses (Stanifer et al., 1480). Yet, the serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in humans are declining globally. However, the total exposures to newer chemicals related to PFAAs and precursor compounds are still not well-investigated. As such, these chemicals continue to contaminate Human exposures to legac
The movie “Norma Rae” by Martin Ritt can be acclaimed as one of the most successful dramas released in 1979. This is no wonder as the film features outstanding play by actors, an interesting and thought-provoking layout, and good quality of its accomplishment. “Norma Rae” won two Academy Awards and was also nominated in the other categories. Overall, the film appears to be a great piece of film-making art representing the themes of tackling ethical issues at work and striving for the triumph of democracy within a collective body of workers. What is the plot of the movie? What is the original release date of the film? The film “Norma Rae” relates the story of a woman who can be called a modern-day heroine. Initially, Norma Rae is shown as a modest worker in the mill with a small salary, and little or no chances in her life. Just as the other workers of the mill, Norma suffers from terrible working conditions created by the employer. The woman has no choice, but to suffer just as so many of her fellow workers. The mill is the only opportunity for her to be employed and get a small salary that would help her provide for the family. The luxury of quitting this dangerous job and finding a better place is not available for Norma and hundreds of the other workers. However, one day Norma becomes inspired by the ideas of Reuben. Reuben is a union organizer from New York who encourages workers to fight for their rights and do not permit the rich owners of the company where they work to oppress and tyrannize them. Norma begins to think that she is strong enough to help her fellow workers and herself to organize a working unit in the mill to fight for their right to safety and security at work. After many sleepless nights and hard battles, Norma manages to succeed. She creates the union of workers. Thus, the hope for a better future appears. However, great achievements are still ahead because the woman has to spend the next ten years in her strife for better working conditions. All these years, she, her companion Reuben and the other employees of the mill live with their hopes to affect the mill’s owner and make him create new working conditions in the mill. Eventually, they succeed. The main idea of the film’s plot is in showing that combined efforts of oppressed people will certainly help them improve their situation for the better. The film shows that people of strong will like Norma Rae can achieve mind-blowing results if they are devoted to the ideas of liberation and democracy. Norma Rae is shown as an example of a person having outstandingly strong character and unshakable faith in the possibility of good future. Her way of thinking is something that modern-day human rights activists including women rights activists should study and try to cultivate in their minds and hearts. The film’s original release date is March 2, 1979. This period in the history of the United States is especially characterized by the a
This essay focuses on the implications related to breach of data confidentiality in healthcare institutions. In particular, it focuses on patients, healthcare institutions and users of confidential patient data. Breach of confidential data brings severe consequences to the parties affected. Legally, privacy implies some control of the information recorded about a person (Schwab & Gelfman, 2005, p. 321). Insecure data in healthcare institutions may result in its unauthorized use by unintended users. Once there is breach of confidential data, legal action may be taken against the involved healthcare institutions. Priority is given to customers in any service delivery firm. Following a legal suit, healthcare institutions are forced to compensate patients for damages cause by the breach of confidentiality and releasing their personal data. Implicated employees face dismissal among o