ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Second World War began on September 1 st , 1939, after Germany invaded Poland (Bercuson 152). As a result, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. Canada, which had been an ally of Britain, was also not left behind. Seven days after the German invasion, her parliament also declared war on Germany, the first war the country had ever participated in after becoming an independent state (Byers 12). This marked the beginning of Canada’s involvement in the most brutal war ever recorded in history. This paper will critically analyze Canada’s essential participation in the Second World War as an ally of Britain. The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan was an agreement signed between Australia, UK, Canada, and New Zealand on December 17th, 1939 (Hatch & Hillmer, 2007). The program was one of Canada’s critical contributions to the victory of the allies in the Second World War. As stated by Hatch and Hillmer (2007), this operation, which was conducted until March 31st, 1945, was referred to as the Aerodrome of Democracy by President Roosevelt. Canada provided a good atmosphere for the program since it had a large air space for training located far from the enemy (the Germans), excellent weather conditions, quick access to the US industry, and its closeness to Europe through the North Atlantic shipping lanes (Hatch & Hillmer, 2007). Having been an effective training and recruitment ground for the British in the First World War, the British government hoped that the same relationship would continue during World War II. However, negotiating this deal was complicated. In the end, Canada agreed to meet all the financial costs for the plan. Still, it insisted that Britain agree that the air training program would prioritize all other aspects of the Canadian efforts during the war. The training program began in April 1949, and it was a success having a total of 131,553 graduates constituting of pilots, navigators, bombers, and flight engineers who participated actively during the war that saw the fall of Germany (Hatch & Hillmer, 2007). The Merchant Navy Another Canadian contribution towards the victory of the allies during the Second World War was its merchant navy. From a humble beginning in 1939, the merchant navy of Canada grew rapidly in size and number. The navy faced fierce confrontations from the Germans and their U-boats who had taken control of the Atlantic Ocean between North America and the United Kingdom, making the transportation of food, machinery, and other necessary equipment for the allies from North America to Europe to become a dangerous exercise. The Canadian navy suffered heavy losses by losing 1,500 sailors’ lives, while 198 were captured and became prisoners (Ridler 11). This was because the nation was not prepared for modern warfare, sea included. They were using outdated ships,
Abstract Inelastic products are those whose prices are not affected by demand and supply. For companies to ensure that their products are as inelastic as possible, they must differentiate them. The government can intervene in a free market economy through regulation of taxes and establishment of policies which govern such things as minimum wage, licensing of businesses and provision of subsidies for particular products or services. For companies to deal with the complexities of capital projects, they must take insurance cover for their businesses. In order to realize a convergence of the interests of shareholders and managers, companies may come up with a policy to ensure that managers’ pay is based on the profits made by the companies. Keywords: Inelastic, Minimum Wage, Capital Projects. For managers in the low-calorie microwaveable food company to ensure that their products are as inelastic as possible, they must choose a pricing strategy which keeps their customers attracted to their products. At the same time, the pricing strategy should also discourage the customers from going for substituting products. But before the pricing strategy is put in place, the managers of the company must ensure that their products are highly differentiated or there are very few companies dealing with the same products. Once the managers succeed in this, they should settle for a price which is commensurate to the levels of the income of the customers. They should also consider the demand of the products as well as the cost of production. Once they have considered all this, they should set a fixed price for the products. This would ensure that the price does not affect the demand of the products. To achieve this, however, the managers must ensure that they have reliable supplies of raw materials so that the company would not face shortage of raw materials for the products at any given time. The company also needs to have a low employee turnover so as to ensure that the cost of production would not increase at any given time due to reliance on part-time labor which is more expensive than permanent labor. In a free market economy, the government plays very minimal roles. The market is usually left to regulate itself through the forces of demand and supply. This happens mostly in capitalistic economies where economic development is based on the cost of production which constitutes labor, raw materials and time required for the production process. Sometimes, the government may intervene by imposing price controls. However, these may not be attractive to the government because they compel it to cater for some costs in the production of certain products and services. Another policy, which the government may have in the regulation of a market economy is the regulation of the amount of tax levied on products and services. The government can also have policies on minimum wage, the number of hours which employee should work in a day and the number of days which employees should take off from work. Some governments may propose a 24 hour economy where businesses operate day and night. Others may have policies wh
Misconceptions and errors are common in mathematics. Teachers can find it hard to deal with a misconception because it arises when a student misinterprets or misapplies an existing mathematical idea. This is a critical challenge especially when the teacher fails to promote the best learning activities and interactions in the classroom. Teachers should understand that a learner is an active participant in the construction of new mathematical ideas and knowledge. A misconception occurs when a student uses an extant idea in the wrong manner. For example, a student may always expect to get a “larger” number after multiplying two whole numbers. A misconception can occur when a learner uses the above idea to multiply two fractions or decimals. This scenario explains why teachers should use the best instructional activities. The approach can help teachers deal with errors and misconceptions. There is a strong relationship between student and teacher misconceptions and instructional activities. Teachers should use the best ideas to identify misconceptions and errors in the classroom. Every teacher should provide the best support to his or her students. It is the teachers’ duty to use the best instructions whenever there is a misconception or an error. The strategy will help the teacher to address such an error or misconception. The example below explains how errors and misconceptions occur in the classroom. A seventh grade teacher observed that several students made this error: (-5) x (-6) = -30 Several misconceptions can cause this mathematical error. As mentioned earlier, misconceptions occur when a student constructs new mathematical knowledge through interaction or perception. This situation occurs when the learner decided to apply an “extant” to a mathematical problem. To begin with, the students might have used the idea that the multiplication of two numbers will give a “positive number”. This explains why the students obtained a negative number after multiplying (-5) by (-6). The other possible misconception is the use of “BODMAS”. This misconception might have occurred after the
Introduction The rapid global advancement into technological transition has led to enhanced IT applications from industrial to educational field. Concerning the educational perspective, IT development has widened up educational opportunities to students who may be could not afford to acquire education due to geographical factors or financial and time constraints, among others. Xie et al. (2011) affirm that developed computer software and related applications have enabled Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning activities to extend internationally, which people commonly refer to as “distance-learning” within universities and tertiary colleges. Active learning is one of the distance-learning components that have received substantial attention among students over the past decades. According to Prince (2004), active learning generally refers to instructional methods used by lectures to engage students in lively participative learning. Active online learning calls for maximum cooperation and is normally challenging without proper motivation. Therefore, this essay examines the role of motivation in online collaboration from an active learning perspective based on prior empirical studies conducted. Motivation Motivation conventionally refers to an inducement or force that drives individuals to convert their feelings into action. Motivation probably remains the most fundamental thing that learners or workers need to improve their performance. Xie et al. (2011) assert that motivation “is a dynamic internal construct that reflects students’ emotional and psychological state during a certain time period” (p.18). As encompassed in other studies examining the impact of motivation in improving students learning in distance learning, unsuccessfulness in students has been resulting from lack of proper participation, with motivation being the most important factors. This assertion means that motivation is the most contributing factor to students’ success in all forms of learning systems. In the context of distance learning, motivation has been a driving force in improving the social interaction, which is the most imperative in active learning aspect that influences collaborative problem-solving. Despite this element, distance learning has been remained a challenge among learners due to underutilisation of motivation. Active learning As described earlier, active learning is a learning method used by teachers, tutors
At the end of 80s, Multistate Health Corporation was focused on provision of indigent people and those who represent less able members of society. The strategy was quite successful until the changes that occurred in the external environment. Specific attention should be given to shifts in insurance policies and governmental regulations. The strategic planning involved the establishment of standardized price that replaced the “cost-plus” system of payment (Blanchard & Thacke, 2010b). The pressure was also posed by the federal government to make the hospital reduce their costs. However, the integration of new technologies was expensive and, therefore, it was impossible to implement them under those circumstances. Currently, the MHC has a three-dimensional structure in which each subsidiary has a chief executive officer who reports to the vice president. The divisions are represented within MHC and have their own staff including regional staff and corporate staff that connect all the regions into one model. Regional staff is involved into the corporate staff. Each corporate division possesses employment department, payroll and compensation office, employee and labor relation department, director training and development department and, finally, organizational development. The leaders focus on a specific target group of patients. To respond to the challenges of the external environment, the company has worked out a two-prolonged strategy that touches on technology integration and efficiency improvement. The first aspect is necessary to introduce because it can significantly contribute to cost reduction, as well as define further plans for development. Second aspect focuses on advancing the competence and education of human resources. It also refers to the governmental grants and investment that would serve the needs of the less fortunate population. Although their competitive strategy is effective, it does not align with the existing trends in managed care. This is of particular concern to reasonable distribution of responsibilities among the personnel. There should also be a balance between technology integration and training program that would allow manager to coordinate actions effectively. Within the context of mission and values of MHC, the implemented strategy can be improved significantly as soon as the hospital introduces right people to the right places. Each employee should be assigned with a strict set of duties to take greater control of the entire procedures. Additionally, the company should also consider how human resources information system could be improved to monitor the changes and introduce improvement to the recruitment process. Orientation on technology
Introduction The present paper offers an overview of a chapter “Epilogue: China in Larger Contexts” from the book A History of Chinese Political Thought by Youngmin Kim. It is devoted to China’s identity and its relation to political thought within the three periods of China’s contested centrality: in early modern East Asia, in modern East Asia, and in contemporary East Asia. In the beginning, the author states that before delving into detail one should understand that China’s identity is not heterogeneous. While being a despotic, autocratic, and strong state, which successfully unified multiple nationalities, the Chinese polity is a fragile and complex balance of various disparate and conflicting elements. To acquire an understanding of the complex nature of Chinese ideation, one should adopt a historical perspective. Main body Kim continues by describing how the centrality of China was contested during the Qing dynasty. The great Qing Empire claimed suzerainty over the neighboring countries and linked them through “tributary trade” relations. Due to China being the central military force in the region, no other polity could openly contest its authority. However, Korea demonstrated an excellent example of how China could be challenged culturally and politically. After the shift in power, Korean intellectuals had to redefine the boundaries between civilization and barbarity, questioning the notion of “central efflorescence” and, consequently, Chineseness. Moreover, Vietnam secretly defined itself as an empire, while formally remaining an autonomous tributary state. Japan also did not think of itself as a vassal state of China, after a brief acceptance of Chinese suzerainty. In summary, while remaining the most powerful military country in the region during the early modern period, China’s centrality was contested by Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. In the modern period, China transformed into the People’s Republic of China (PRC) due to entering the globally competitive arena. During the period, the country adopted nationalism and continued considering itself a leading state in the world without apparent reasons. “Central efflorescence” symbol persisted in China and Korea; however, Korea stopped being a satellite state of PRC. At the beginning of the 20th century, Japan also divorced the legacy of Chinese civilization and became the center of Oriental Culture due to th
Anne Bradstreet is a 17 th -century puritan poet. In the poem “Upon Burning of our House,” she “shows her total belief in God, even in times of the destruction of their property” (Alkhafaji and Al-Rashid 84). Truly enough, in the poem, Bradstreet writes: “Thou hast a house on high erect / Fram’d by that mighty Architect, / With glory richly furnished / Stands permanent, though this be fled.” (Bradstreet, lines 43-46). By opposing her burnt house to the permanent home of beliefs, she says that the spiritual wealth she receives from God cannot be compared with the earthly wealth. Then Anne Bradstreet writes: “There’s wealth enough; I need no more. / Farewell, my pelf; farewell, my store.” (Bradstreet, lines 51-52). Therefore, the author claims that although she believes in God and does not doubt his existence, she admits that he has a right to take away what was given to her for storing. However, she describes her feeling terrible about the burnt home and asks God not to give her another earthly wealth, not to experience the same pain when He decides to take this away again. Anne Bradstreet refuses God’s gifts which are not supposed to but destroy her life. Angry God in Jonathan Edwards’s Sermon Jonathan Edwards is also a puritan writer, but of the 18 th -century. While analyzing his sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” scholars mention that “Jonathan Edwards repeatedly represents God as an unyielding “Mediator” who will not withhold His wrath or judgment. Edwards continually stresses that anyone who has not secured his or her spot in glory is awaiting eternal damnation.” (DiMatties 1). This citation provides readers with a clear vision of how Edwards shapes God: as powerful and angry with thos
The introduction: the fundamentals of the films So, the subjects I want to introduce you to are considered to be famous psychological films. I would like to discuss such productions as A Beautiful Mind and Black Swan . The most noticeable feature, which combines two films, is that both characters suffer from psychological disorders. First of all, I would like to share some fundamentals of films. My first choice is an American drama film based on a true story. The plot discloses the hard life of a Nobel Laureate in Economics John Nash. The main character suffers from paranoid schizophrenia. My second choice is the film, Black Swan. The main character Nina Sayers suffers from a double personality. Generally, it seems that, on the one hand, the productions have nothing in common. However, it is only the first impression. The thesis statement The issues, which are to be analyzed, are considered to be of the same nature. However, the consequences of psychological disorders depend upon the choices people make. Both films reflect the different origins of a similar problem. A person’s inward nature is to be discussed. The body: a comparative and contrastive analysis I have already pointed out that both characters in the films suffer from psychological diseases. However, I would like to clarify that the reasons that caused the disorders are not the same. To understand better what I am talking about, let’s draw a parallel between two different personalities. The first character John Nash from A Beautiful Mind, suffers from a mental disorder, which is called schizophrenia. He experiences the most widespread symptoms of the disease, including hallucinations, emotional difficulties, and hearing voices. He is a prodigy. The second character from the film Black Swan is Nina Sayers, who is to perform two roles in Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. She is to dance the part of Black Swan as well as the part of Swan Queen. The roles the main character is to perform are different. Black Swan symbolizes cruelty and evil, while Swan Queen represents innocence. In real life, Nina Sayers is supposed to serve only good things. However, to receive the role of a prima ballerina, she starts to fight with her inward nature. Finally, such non-acceptance of her inner core leads to horrible consequences. Nina starts to experience obsessive-compulsive disorder and visual hallucinations. She begins to destruct her character and mind. So, taking into account the above-mentioned details, one can make a conclusion that the principal difference between the psychological states of the two characters is that the origin or nature of the diseases is different. In our case, it can be divided into genetic and the environment. Thus, John Nash’s case is recognized to be hereditary, while Nina Sayers’s situation totally depends upon environmental conditions. For instance, the supposition can be proved by the fact that environmental conditions, which cause schizophrenia, are related to drug use, poor housin
The current scale of the problem with the distribution of drugs makes the issue of legal regulation of this activity increasingly acute. In general, there are three approaches: decriminalization, legalization, and maintaining the status quo. Although the first two options are a certain kind of extremes, the need for their use is evident. The current generally accepted attitude towards drugs, in which their use and distribution in the vast majority of places is strictly prohibited, has led to the situation that we have now. A considerable number of teenagers are in prison for having even a tiny dose of cannabis. The existing legislation only increases the number of crimes associated with this activity and supports drug addiction. Consequently, the need to take at least some measures is obvious, and, in my opinion, decriminalization or legalization may be the answer to this question. Since the tightening of laws has already been tried and given negative results, society is turning to two other alternatives. According to research, both decriminalization and legalization, despite the exact opposite in their essence, give approximately the same results (Maier et al., 2017). While this finding is somewhat unexpected, using any of these methods leads to a decrease in the level of drug-related crime. The overall statistical difference between the use of these methods is negligible, so additional benefits need to be evaluated. In this context, I believe that legalizing drugs is much more correct than decriminalizing them. In the latter case, laws that punish people for using drugs are removed. However, this does not create any alternative, no official sales network. There is no way to manage this structure with this option, which could theoretically lead to much more chaos. On the other hand, legalization officially allows people to use drugs for medical or recreational purposes and creates a legal basis for drug trafficking. At the same time, since the state is the primary regulator of this issue, it will receive income from the sale of drugs. Practice shows that such an approach can bring in revenues of tens of millions of dollars (Maier et al., 2017). This money raised can be used for public projects, for example, building schools. Thus, I favor legalization rather than decriminalization since the first option provides many more advantages in both control and distribution, ultimately forming a more systematic structure. Reference Maier, S. L., Mannes, S., & Koppenhofer, E. L. (2017). The implications of marijuana decriminalization and legalization on crime in the United States. Contemporary Drug Problems, 44 (2), 125-146. Web.