ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Jonathan Mildenhall mentions that “open happiness” is a call to action and into emotions. How do the two things blend? In his lecture, Jonathan Mildenhall described the story of developing a Coca-Cola promotional campaign and devising a last line for the advertisements. The slogan “Open happiness!” can be considered to be both a call to action and a call into emotions. On the one hand, it urges the potential clients to open the bottle of the drink; thus, it is a call to action. On the other hand, it is an appeal to emotions, because it produces in consumers an association between the product (Coca-Cola) and happiness. The call to emotions and actions might be considered a very effective mix. This is because when consumers choose a product to purchase, they very often tend to follow the call of their emotions and even momentary impressions or whims; these, in turn, can in many cases be affected by an image or slogan that they saw or heard previously and that captured their attention. Also, individuals tend to better remember things that are associated with strong emotions (both positive and negative); as a consequence, an advertisement that appeals to emotions is likely to be better remembered by potential consumers. Thus, an appeal to emotions, when mixed with a call to action, may lead to a situation when potential consumers better retain this call to action because it includes an emotional component, which, ultimately, is likely to better stimulate them to purchase the product in question. How did Raquel open your eyes to the tools of online analytics and their usefulness? In her lecture, Raquel made a significant focus on the analysis of online communication tools such as social media, describing their great potential of being used as a source of valuable information that pertains to the trends in consumer tastes and preferences. Nowadays, vast numbers of individuals utilize social media to obtain a certain degree of online presence, which creates a considerable opportunity for companies to make use of that presence to additionally expose their brands to the public. Furthermore, social media contain a large amount of information that can be employed to understand the desires of the consumers and their preferences. The lecture opened my eyes to the tools of online analysis by letting me comprehend that statistics can be collected that reflect the degree to which a particular brand, product, or even statement is attractive to the public, and using that information for promotional purposes in the future; and that the popularity of a product or brand can be tested by using the social media if one observes and analyzes the reaction of potential consumers on that product or brand. Which speaker did you find revealed more useful information? Please outline two things that you found useful. One from each or two from one speaker. While the information provided by each of the speakers was helpful and could be utilized for advertisement in the future, t
Tobacco production Tobacco is produced from the leaves of tobacco plant. However, tobacco farming leads to the clearance of forests leaving the ground bear and exposing it to erosion. Immense use of water and pesticides leads to environmental, water and air pollutions. Tobacco processing in industries requires a lot of energy which in turn pollute the environment through emission of smoke which release effluents to water sources and contaminates the air. Tobacco smokers are responsible for starting fires that destroy environment and emitting carbon dioxide that pollutes the environment (Schlosser, p. 54). Tobacco smoking is responsible for 1 death in every 10 adult deaths in developing countries. It enhances poverty by using all resources that could be used to generate wealth. It reduces workers’ productivity in that it kills people at the height of their production and diverts land away from productive farming. Sugar production Sugar production and consumption is another disastrous factor to the environment. Sugar affects the environment in numerous ways. Sugar is produced from sugarcane that is grown on land. It was responsible for slavery in the early years of its production. Forests are cleared to give land for sugarcane plantations. Due to refining, milling and other processes used in processing sugar, a lot of energy is consumed in the process. Production process of sugar generates effluents that are disposed-off thus affecting the environment. Sugar production also leads to the consumption and production of other sugar-related products like tea, chocolate and coffee. The production of a sugar-related product like coffee has negative effects to the environment. From the luxury, sugar has currently turned to be a basic product. In most c
Executive Summary Losing body weight has many advantages than disadvantages in the life of an individual. High body mass index in human being indicates that the individual in question has high chances of developing health problems frequently. Some other problems may be serious and difficult to treat. Several ways that an individual can try to keep monitoring the body mass index include the tool itself for measuring. If the body mass index appears to be higher than 25 it implies that the body in question has many fats and calories. On the other hand, a body mass index that is below 20 has an effect emanating from low fats and calories in the body, which is also dangerous. The project in this paper provides evidence of what happens in a program for reducing weight. Introduction The health of the body is quite important in every individual’s life. It all depends on how each person takes care of the body in terms of taking in the required food together with the exercises involved (Anker, et al., 2003). For instance, poor feeding strategies pose great challenges to the body unknowingly. Taking in too many, fats and many calories increase the weight of the body (Mahoney, 2009). This can easily lead to development of other complications in the body. Specifically, increase in body weight leads to increased chances of contracting various diseases like obesity, high blood pressure and more seriously cancer, which is a complicated disease to get rid of. If incase the body increases its weight unknowingly like in the case of this study there are many options to undertake to ensure that it regains the required body mass index (Lavie, 2005). On the other hand reducing the body mass index can be very fruitful but challenging in some areas if not carefully followed. Advantages of reducing body mass index include reduced chances for disease attack, ability to fit in good-sized wear and attaining original good body structure at large. This report looks at strategies that were undertaken during the body mass index reduction and the challenges, which were involved together with the entire process of reducing body weight (Zelman, 2011). Goal The main aim of the program was to reduce the high weight of the body from the body mass index of 31 to the recommended 20 BMI. BMI of 31 was just too high for the body to carry out certain activities. Most importantly, it was observed the body structure could not fit in some unique wear in most of boutiques. This was a great problem since large materials and related equipments were involved in producing required size for the body (Ray, 1989). It was also good for reducing the body mass index since most families have had a history of developing health problems that seem to have very limited chances to find their curatives. Doctors provide important information that reduction of body mass index enables an individual to reduc
About the Author and the Publisher This article was picked from the book Climate of Fear: Why We Shouldn`t Worry about Global Warming which was written by Thomas Gale Moore and published in 1998 by Cato Institute. The book mainly talks about global warming and the effects it will have on the various aspects of man`s life like the economy, food security, industrialization and health. Gale has written a lot of articles concerning global warming most of which have been published in the World Climate Report . He is a senior professor at the Hoover Institution and teaches economics, environmental studies and privatization [1] . Cato institute is actively involved in issues affecting the public. In every year it publishes an average of a dozen books and a wide range of studies concerning taxation, privatization, the environment and other government related matters which affects the general population [2] . Health Effects of Global Warming It has been predicted that global warming will have devastating effects in the human health during the 21 st century and beyond. This can be attributed to the ever rising global temperatures. Climate change is expected to cause a wide range of human diseases which will increase the rate of mortality in the human population. However, the leading cause of death currently has been chronic diseases which accounted for around 24 million deaths in 1996. The main cause of these deaths was cancer, malaria, cholera, dysentery, mental disorders and chronic musculoskeletal disorders none of which was related to climate change
National Intelligence Council (NIC) remains the America’s most important agency in charge of the country’s security. It is charged with the responsibility of enhancing the depth and accuracy of intelligence investigation and integration of domestic and foreign dimensions of the country’s intelligence. This is done to ensure that the threats to United States’ national security are fully understood and probed. 1 National Intelligence Council has had its fair share of successes in predicting possible security threats to the United States and its allies. However, it has also received some criticism for its failure to predict or accurately evaluate some security threats to the country. 2 For instance, National Intelligence Council has faced various challenges in the Cuban Missile Crisis and the nuclear threat posed by Iran. The agency has had several intelligence failures in the two instances mentioned above, and they are highlighted below. According to Zegart in her article “ Organization Theory, Intelligence, and the Cuban Missile Crisis ”, US National Intelligence Council failed to fully foresee the intentions of the Soviet leader (Khrushchev), in placing nuclear weapons in Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis 3 . The intelligence officers were only worried about political fallout in Cuba and its effects in other Latin American countries rather than cared about a military threat the country could have had. The National Intelligence Estimates (NIE) provided indicated that the Soviet leader had been unwilling to set up a military base in Cuba in almost two decades, and there was no short or midterm anticipation of such an activity by Khrushchev in Cuba. The estimates also strongly indicated that the Soviet bloc would not have wished to engage its military forces in case Cuba had been attacked by the United States. However, it was realized that there were many Soviet troops who had arrived in the country and seemed to be ready to defend it from foreign attacks. This was another failure by US National Intelligence Council in the Cuban Missile Crisis. The NIC also insisted on the issue that installation of nuclear weapons in Cuba by the Soviet Union would go against the Soviet policies. Another failure by National Intelligence Council was the inability to accurately estimate the number of Soviet military personnel in Cuba during the period preceding the crisis. In the recent times, US National Intelligence Council has come under scrutiny once again because of its failures in accurately reading the Iranian nuclear situation. 4 National Intelligence Council used strong words to suggest that Iran had dropped its ambitions to build nuclear weapons in 2003, and this created a false sense of security. It indicated that Tehran lacked the prerequisite technical knowhow to build nuclear weapons and had consequently opted to halt its nuclear program. 5 However, this t
Introduction The rebellion in Syria has persisted for quite a while. The violence started in 2011, as a part of the Arab World wave of revolts that involved among others Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Tunisia. Even though, the uprisings subsided or concluded in several Arab nations, such as Egypt and Libya, violence has continued to the increase in Syria. As this continues to happen, powerful international and regional organizations are doing nothing to stop the killings in Syria. These organizations simply observe as Syrians kill one another daily. The United Nations, the Arab League and Saudi Arabia have done less to end the violence in Syria. This essay analyses the United Nations and other organizations role in building peace in Syria. However, the essay focuses on the role of the United Nations. Fighting in Syria could likely end, if there was an active participation in peace efforts by both regional and international organizations. Discussion The Likely United Nations Role in Syria The main role of the United Nations is to build peaceful co-existence between nations. On the other hand, the Arab League is a supervisory organization of the Arab World. Therefore, it has a responsibility in ending the violence in Syria. In the past, Saudi Arabia has supported peace efforts in the Middle East, for instance, in Afghanistan and Iraq, hence, it should do the same in Syria (The New York Times, 1). The fighting in Syria has a religious side; hence, Saudi Arabia has a part to play in ending the conflict in Syria. The uprising in Syria started after the Syrian people called for the resignation of their President Mr. Bashar Assad. President Assad responded to this resignation call by deploying government military to subdue violence in Syria’s capital. However, his response led to armed forces defectors, who initiated the current rebellion against the government of Syria. The rebellion has a factional undertone, which has fueled the violence to its current state. The United Nations has previously played a critical role in creating peace in Kosovo, Rwanda and other nations that have been in political crisis (UNAC). The Arab World problems are complex because they involve sectarian opinions centering on the Sunnis and Shiite Muslims besides politics. The fighting in Syria could not have reached the current state, had it not been for this complexity. In view of this, the United Nat
Introduction Learning management systems (LMS) are efficient and beneficial for an educational organization to adopt to optimize many aspects of administration, learning delivery, and reporting which are an essential part of its functioning. To determine the best LMS, it can be helpful to conduct a thorough analysis using such techniques as SWOT. This report will seek to analyze and compare open-access and proprietary types of LMS for the public educational setting. Open-Access LMS Moodle is one of the most popular open-source learning platforms. It is a robust and integrated system that focuses on creating a learning environment. The system is designed to create virtual classrooms viable for both teaching and learning processes through a variety of interactive tools, fostering collaboration, and communication between students and instructors. The system is relatively flexible and can be customized to the needs of the organization, such as scaling to include thousands of users and additional administrative functionalities. Furthermore, Moodle offers data security and user privacy, with security controls available to system administrators (Moodle, n.d.). SWOT   * Strengths: Moodle is highly integrated and adaptive. It offers security and privacy options. Allows creating virtual classrooms and a variety of materials and activities targeted at learning processes.   * Weaknesses: The platform offers few administrative options. Some of the additional features are hidden behind a paid subscription. May not be suitable for all learning styles and distracting for students when conducting online lessons. Few options to develop a custom interface or options for the school district as the platform is open-sourced and public.   * Opportunities: The system can be expanded to include a large number of courses, students, and instructors within one integrated platform. A strong developer community is available for problem resolution and the creation of plugins and improvements that can introduce new features.   * Threats: Implementing such a large system as Moodle is complex, requiring time, resources, training, and integration with existing databases. As an open-source platform, it may undergo specific changes, not be readily accepted by educators, and be outperformed by other LMS systems. However, transitioning away from Moodle will be problematic in any case. Proprietary LMS Blackboard is a leading proprietary LMS for all levels of education. It offers a highly secure and extensive learning environment that includes everything from virtual classrooms with personalized teaching to communication and administration aspects. It can be combined with student databases, offers mobile applications, includes a mass notification system. Blackboard can also be modified to an extent to create custom interfaces or features that a school district requires, including adding unique branding (Blackboard, n.d.). SWOT   * Strengths: Blackboard offers a high quality of code and structure as a propriety in
Carpinus caroliniana is a medium sized tree whose genus is carpinus . It is a member of the betulaceae family. Its usual height is between 20 and 30 feet but it can grow up to 40 feet. Its common names include ironwood, blue beech, water beech, American hornbeam, musclewood, and muscle beech. It is native to the eastern United States of America (Furlow 1). It is a slow-growing hardwood tree. This paper will discuss carpinus caroliniana in detail. It will begin with a brief description of the subspecies followed by a section on unique plant characteristics. It will end in a section on growth characteristics and the available cultivars. There are two subspecies of the tree; subspecies caroliniana and subspecies virginiana . They are classified based on geographical location and morphology. The caroliniana subspecies is native to southern Atlantic region, Gulf of Mexico plains, and some parts of Mississippi. It has small narrow oval leaves. The subspecies virginiana is mainly found in forested areas of northeastern North America. It has large long oval leaves. However, hybrid trees exist in areas where the two subspecies overlap. It has a wide cone shaped canopy (Keeler 319). Its crown tends to be thick and irregular. However, it can be pruned to get a more regular shape. Its crown characteristics are dependent on the amount of shading it is exposed to. When it grows under a shade, it tends to have a less dense crown. It has slender reddish brown hairy twigs. Its leaves are either ovate or oblong. The leaves have double serrated margins and are between 3 and 12 centimeters in length. The underside of the leaf is hairy while the top surface is smooth and may bear visible dark glands. In the fall, the leaves turn to rich shades of orange, yellow, and red. Its stem has a tendency to branch extensively. Carpinus caroliniana is covered by a smooth bark with muscle-like ridges. Its common name is derived from this appearance. The flowers of the American hornbeam are inconspicuous. The flowers emerge from small catkins. Both staminate and pistilate flowers are found on the same plant. However, the male flowers are slightly larger than the female flowers. The fruit of this species is inconspicuous. The fruits are small nuts held in place by leaf-like bracts. The bracts coalesce together to form pendulous clusters that hang from the twigs. As they ripen, they turn from green to brown. Carpinus caroliniana does well in acidic soils. It can tolerate a lot of moisture. It is frequently found in wetlands and along riverbanks. It is often referred to as a flood resistant plant. It can also flourish in areas with little soil moisture. However, it cannot tolerate
The main idea of the article Bystander Attitudes toward Victims of Violence: Who’s Worth Helping? by Laner, Benin and Ventrone is based on the reflections how the decision to help someone who is abused is dependent on whether, how or whom is abused. The article provides an analysis of the of bystander behavior in the context of scientific researches, describing the concrete exampled and suggesting their conception of why people chose the exact way of behavior. The authors compare the reflections about the different motives of behavior with the problem of bystanders’ reaction to a violent attack, analyzing the theoretical background and providing the analysis of experimental results. Considering the question, what the major motive of bystanders’ reaction to a violent attack is, Laner, Benin and Ventrone start their analysis, providing the review of the theoretical background. Thus, Latane and Darley’s decision making model which is based on the reinforcement theory indicates that bystanders want to reduce the suffering of victim due to the deep emotional emphasis as if this violence would happen with the bystander (Laner, Benin and Ventrone 281). Such behavior is absolutely natural and understandable. In case if the bystander does not help, one will have the guilt feelings as the result of one’s comprehension of the fail to act. Analyzing this theory, Laner, Benin and Ventrone indicate that “Latane and Darley’s studies raised strong doubts about the utility of either social norms or personal characteristics as being important in predicting bystander intervention in emergencies” (281). Concluding the analysis of theoretical background, the authors say that the gender aspect does not have the significant impact on bystanders’ behavior. However, “active, doing, spontaneous, and anonymous acts are more likely to be carried out by men than by women” (282); on the other hand, women are more helpful due to their emotional emphasis. The methods used in the different situation described by Laner, Benin and Ventrone demonstrate that following aspects influence the bystanders’ behavior: physical characteristics of perpetrator, victim and bystander (sex, age, height, weight), the experience of the witness (if respondents had witnessed or been a victim of crime) and the level of crime. The authors analyzed the bystanders’ reaction within the situation with three targets of victims such as 6-year old child, a woman or 40-pound dog. Regarding to the situation, the man (abuser) was the father, husband or dog owner. This knowledge provides an opportunity to investigate the