ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The first issue is on electorship. The talk should be effectively distinguished from a speech by attaching speech to the mere articulation of interests by the use of appropriate signs. Communication should be noted to revolve around the reception, expression, hearing, reaction, and uttering. Representatives can comfortably speak on our behalf but it becomes difficult for them to listen in our capacity enhancing speech transmission in a representative system whilst reducing the listenership (Barber, 184). The Anglo American adversary system as advocated for in legislative politics puts a premium on speech and a fine on listenership with the intention of scoring verbal points whilst overcoming one’s interlocutor’s Speech is viewed as a form of aggression-a variation power and is seen as the war of all vs. all pushed by existing means. The interactivity in self-legislation with powerful democracy balances politics of advisory by enriching the mutuality evident in listening. It calls for putting oneself in place, making insinuations, and speech recognition with the intent to make a comprehensive analysis and outcomes of my involvements. Good listenership creates excellent advocacy and makes adept citizens and perfect neighborhoods. Liberalists have value attachments to formal equality. Also, listeners emphasize speech to enhance inequalities stemming from natural recourse and improve one’s ability to speak clearly, logically, eloquently, and with oratory prowess. That silence improves political talk as it nurtures reflections and empathy. Various rights like the right to be heard and got on record prologues silence. The second issue mentioned the effective and cognitive mode of a democratic talk. There has been evident guilt that accompanies over rationalization of a democratic talk by legal theorists and philosophers in their search perfection in the rationality of the world in terms of speech mediation. After the abandonment of Wittgenstein’s later suspicion on language and its confines, they have tirelessly attempted to avail domestic attachments to unruly words by use of logics and holding speech at ransom for certain reasons and trying to get talk for definition and exposure of its rationality. Bruce Ackerman’s has proven the most outspoken in his attempt to impose a set of neutral constraints on language, in a move to make speech the bedrock of justice. In instances where justice emanates from the confine of breeding words, posses a displacement threat to the justice system as a product of political judgments. He argues that the quest for philosophical justice assumes an evasion from the unexciting send away of the world in actuality (Barber, 179). Talk that has its discipline from philosophy does not only accommodate in the world for pure reason but is also able to involve politics. Philosophers d
Introduction Going through life oftentimes is difficult especially when we are not in touch with the basic principles upon which life operates. We are the handiwork of a craftsman, and only the craftsman knows how to handle us. That is the massage Stanley Cavell is sending across the parables; he thinks that using the illustration of a craftsman working on an automated system will send an impactful message to his readers, and he is sure to achieve his aim. All he has done through his writing is carry us through the various stages of development of the automated system to the stage the system began to function as a human being. The interesting thing about the experiment is that while the craftsman was on the job, the system complained of pain at some point. Even though the system complained, it did not hinder the craftsman from completing the development to suit his original conception. Stanley Cavell’s Experiment Stanley Cavell started his essay by taking us through a brainstorming session, and by presenting us with the picture of a doll and its owner first. In the analysis of the story of the doll, what Stanley seems to be telling us is that, when you buy a toy, you are rightfully the owner. But he went further to make us understand that the fact that, being the owner of a doll does not transcend to absolute control over it, or that the owner possesses unlimited powers of control. What Stanley is saying is that the owner of the doll is under control by some other stronger powers or authorities. He further went on to show that even as the owner exerts powers over the doll, the doll, on the other hand, has no say in the way it is treated, thus it is subjected to the owner. According to Stanley, in the illustration, “I recognize his authority over the doll, his having the last word over it; hence I hold him responsible for it. The most this demands is that the doll is his to play with, for a while, in a particular place. Even if he owns it, his authority is not unlimited; there are still rules in this house” (Stanley 402). At this point, Stanley seems to take us somewhere, but he is yet to land. In another statement, he made us understand that the owner of the doll and we, humans, know the insight of the doll, gradually landing us in the direction he is taking us to the thought-provoking experiment of a craftsman and an automated system. Stanley began by making us understand that improvements have been made in the field of robotics. On several occasions, he was meant to look inside of such systems to make him believe that they were not true human beings. In the experiment, Stanley wrote, “What would fit this idea? How about perfected automation? They have been improved to such an extent that on more than one occasion their craft t man has had to force me to look inside one of them to convince me that it was not a real human being”.( Stanley 404) At this point, desiring to awaken anxiety in us, he paused and asked questions regarding what was the content of what he saw when it was opened. Stanley, at this point, took us back to the beginning to give us a b
Symbolic Interactionism When we talk about socialisation, we prefer unambiguous ways of carrying out basic functions like economic production, government, family life, religion, and so on. These basic functions initiate from our biological life cycle, and fulfil the necessity to be fully utilised to that extent where they are useful to the members of any society who teach the young how to carry on the social patterns of that society if cultural continuity and social order are to be maintained. While ending upon our social system, this condition accomplishes the task of what is being called as ‘adaptation’. That means man being a social animal is flexible enough to adapt to the changing or unchanging environment of the society. Social Adaptation With reference to S.I. it is true that every society consists of different kinds of ‘full members’ who participate and play their roles accordingly. For instance, nowhere do we find adult males and females performing the same set of tasks or being concerned with the same elements of a society’s ongoing activities (Kerckhoff, 1972, p. 2). That is true in various situations of not only socially cultured environment but is also true to
Are you looking for stories similar to The Yellow Wallpaper? Try The Story of an Hour! These two short pieces have plenty of resemblances and differences to write about. Introduction “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin and “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Gilman revolve around how men view women and their qualities. The short stories focus on women trying to conform to the standards of the society in their quest for freedom. These two stories have similarities like using rest treatment by the doctors when dealing with the conditions of the women. The main characters in the two stories are similar in the sense that they are all in search of freedom. This essay will compare the two stories by discussing their similarities. The Story of an Hour and The Yellow Wallpaper Similarities The first similarity between the ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ and ‘The story of an Hour’ is that the main characters look for freedom in vain. In ‘The Yellow Wallpaper,’ the main character undergoes mental depression. In her efforts to find a solution to the problem, she moves with her husband to live in an isolated mansion, but her problem is not solved. Her husband is to be blamed for her suffering because he forces her to stay in a particular room that she does not like. He denies her freedom by forcing her to stay in a room without going out. In the ‘The Yellow Wallpaper,’ the main character, also a woman, is in search of freedom and st
Introduction Business incentives often have a significant influence on the implementation of a company’s ethics program. Lockheed Martin Corporation is no exception. This company has a well-developed and detailed ethics program. In this work, four of the most beneficial initiatives had a serious effect on the company’s ethics program: the purchase of Sikorsky Aircraft, the collaboration with Exostar, the launch of a new strategic airlifter, and the contract with the Australian government that requires that the company train Australian military pilots. Among these initiatives, the latter is the most influential in the ethical aspect. The Ethics Program of Lockheed Martin Previously to studying the effect of Lockheed Martin’s business incentives on its ethics program, it is necessary to find out what exactly this ethics program implies. Lockheed Martin has developed a detailed ethics program. According to the company’s statement, the leaders are convinced to consider the success of the organization relies on the commitment to integrity. The vision of the company requires it to be a universal leader in encouraging its customers to strengthen global security, fulfill citizen services, and promote scientific discovery. The values of the company include “doing what’s right, respecting others, and performing with excellence” (Lockheed Martin Corporation, 2014, p. 1). The corporate social responsibility of Lockheed Martin involves efforts for the eradication of human trafficking and a responsible search for conflict minerals. An anti-corruption program is included in the ethics program. The company promotes a responsible attitude to the environment and politeness to the customers, as well as it strives to maintain employee commitment and satisfaction. The leaders of the company also struggle against retaliation in the working environment. The company strives to charge the work fairly, maintain accurate timekeeping, and ensure the accuracy of the customers’ records (Lockheed Martin Corporation, 2014). The Effect of the Incentives on the Ethics Program Some of the recent incentives undertaken by Lockheed Martin can be considered especially beneficial. Among them are the acquisition of Sikorsky Aircraft, the joint effort with Exostar, the development of a new strategic airlifter, and signing the contract for training Australian pilots. In summer 2015, Lockheed Martin announced its plan to purchase Sikorsky Aircraft. This November, the acquisition was completed, and, as a result, a new company (Lockheed Martin’s Sikorsky company) was created ( Lockheed Martin completes acquisition of
Hmong Americans, who originally came from Laos, Southeast Asia have continued to rely on their traditional practices of health and healing in the US despite the advance in medicine and technologies (Cha, 2003). Traditionally, Hmong do not believe in Western medicine, and they have continued to rely on their traditional medicines as practiced in Southeast Asia. To restore health, Hmong use Chinese medicine and express their beliefs in the Christian faith. However, they have strong beliefs in spirit. In addition, Hmong believe that their souls are controlled by the spirit. For Hmong, there is a temporary loss of soul, and it is associated with several ill healths. Traumatic events, accidents, or angered spirits may take the soul. In this case, a shaman who is a chief healer and leader must intervene to contact the spirit directly because of his divine power (Yee, n.d). The belief in Sudden Unexpected Nocturnal Death Syndrome is common among Hmong Americans, particularly among the healthy population (Gerdner, 2008). They believe that an evil spirit attacks during a nightmare and squeezes the life out of its frightened victims. Hmong Americans prefer home remedies relative to health resources and neighborhood health centers available around them (Yee, n.d). Relative to Caucasians, Hmong rarely use modern healthcare facilities. Instead, traditional healers and practices play significant roles in their healing. For pregnant women, Hmong have a unique belief system that doctors should not examine pregnant women. The nature of the examination could be intimate, and the traditional belief system does not support such practices during pregnancy. As such, Hmong prefer traditional birth attendants. Embarrassment and shyness among women are major factors that hinder visiting clinics. They considered doctors as strangers who should not physically touch them. The case of Hmong Americans is interesting because it presents significant challenges to the modern American healthcare system. Specifically, the issue of cultural awareness and competency is now a critical
General Overview of Social Construction Therapies Social construction theories are considered to be based on certain concepts such as special questions to be asked during individual and group counselling sessions and a strategy based on change process vision. In this respect, constructionist approach presupposes case conceptualisation and treatment goals that differ from merely gaining knowledge and counselling sessions. Case Conceptualisation Similarities As Solution Focused Brief Therapy approach and the Postmodern Social Construction perspective are very similar, it is necessary to mention that one of the similarities concern the case conceptualisation used in both therapies. As reported by Pichot & Dolan (2003), “understanding of solution-focused therapy would be best viewed as a journey rather than a destination” (Pichot & Dolan, 2003, p.5); this can be also applied to Postmodern Social Constructivism approach. In other words, both therapies are aimed at structuring of the process on the level of concepts of what is ‘good’ and what should be changed. Differences The main difference between Social Constructivism and Solution Focused Brief Therapy is that the former therapy uses identifies artefacts and their meaning whereas the latter defines a goal to achieve and outline the methods to use in the process of counselling. Actually, the Solution Focused Brief Therapy is almost based on the concepts invented within the Social Constructivism theory. Treatment Goals Similarities The main similarities of the two therapies mentioned above include the analysis of the current situation rather than analysis of some past events. Moreover, both therapies are aimed at consideration of the situation in a certain social context. Thus, both therapies implement some structuring of the process. Solution Focused Brief Therapy and Postmodern Social Constructivism approach are goal-focused and are not concentrated on what can be referred to as problem analysis, problem statement. These therapies do not find out what is wrong but rather identify what should be in the end of the therapeutic session. Differences Schaffer (2006) suggests the main peculiar feature of Social Constructivism theory as the one that the approach is not based on mere knowledge but is put into certain environment with its consequences, setting, and context as a whole. In this respect, the Social Constructivism theory is focused more on identification of artefacts and their meaning regarding the social context and analysis of what is ‘wrong’ and should be eliminated. On the other hand, the Solution Focused Brief Therapy does not analyse the wrong and the right. It is aimed at construction of the final result by means of identifying what to achieve and only then outlines the steps including what to keep and what to change. Cases When Each Therapy Can Be Beneficial Each therapy can be beneficial in cases of alcohol and drug addiction; these therapies are very much alike and can be helpful during counselling sessions
Introduction In the philosophy arena, every philosopher is entitled to the presentation of their own theories and views. It is common to come across a number of conflicting logics on the same topic. In the same way, it is normal to find a couple of philosophers who concur on one thing or another. Good examples of the latter are Heidegger and Michel Foucault. This paper will look at the weighty influence of Heidegger on Michel Foucault’s concept of episteme and their consent based on people’s style, behavior, and talk. The similarity between what Heidegger calls the “age of style” and Michel Foucault’s episteme theory will also be discussed. Influence of Heidegger on Foucault Heidegger’s “Age of the World Picture” essay heaps substantial influence on Michel Foucault and his theories of the discourse, the discursive shifts, and most significantly, the episteme. The latter’s idea of episteme is made even more vivid by Heidegger’s account of the age of style. Whether or not the two talk about one and the same thing is not clear, but it is clear that Heidegger’s acknowledgment of a force that drives scientists and everybody to act in the way they do lends credence to Foucault’s episteme theory. This credibility is valuable in that it portrays Foucault’s concept as approved by more than one philosopher (Allen, 1978). Similarity Between Heidegger’s and Foucault’s Concepts One notable similarity between Heidegger’s and Foucault‘s theories is the fact that both talk of a factor that makes things seem right and wrong in the eyes of different people. While Heidegger talks of fashion trends and the modernization of science, Foucault holds that a special apparatus in the mental circumference of an individual is responsible for the different views. All in all, they both attribute the activities in the world to some special feature or mentality that is at work in each and every inhabitant of the earth. Conclusion In conclusion, Heidegger imposes a considerable amount of influence on Foucault and his theory. At the same time, the two agree that there is a power that is the cause of the human mind’s ability to conform to other things which are considered legitimate and abhor others which are regarded wrong or old-fashioned. Reference List Allen, J. (1978). Fundamental Paradigms for the Study of Intersubjectivity. Research in Phenomenology , 8 (1). 263.
Introduction The concept of leadership is integral to contemporary business and economics as well as to other spheres such as politics or education. A leader as a member of any organization is expected to use his or her abilities to motivate, discipline or reward workers to achieve the determined goals. Thus, leaders have a potential to influence the other people and improve their performance in different ways. It should be mentioned that the concept of influence is closely related to that of power while they are not synonyms (Lyman et al. 3). Power can be treated as a resource that is utilized to change someone’s behavior or a certain event. Thus, the use of power can be called influence. It is common knowledge that leaders apply diverse styles in dealing with people. Leadership styles determine the choice of strategies that leaders utilize in achieving their goals. Similarly, the source of power used by leaders has an impact on their behavior in relation to employees and the effectiveness of their work. This paper aims to analyze the concept of power on the whole as well as its forms and their sources in particular. Understanding the Concept of Power The phenomenon of power was fist studied and defined by social psychologists John French and Bertram Raven more than half a century ago (Lyman et al. 4). Nevertheless, their ideas and findings are still applied in the study of the problem of power and significantly contribute to understanding this concept and the way leaders influence other people. Thus, French and Raven described five bases of power in 1959. They included such bases as legitimate, reward, expert, reference, and coercive ones (Lyman et al. 6). Legitimate power base is grounded in the belief that an individual has the formal right to demand something, and others are expected to be compliant and obedient. Reward base can be explained as the ability of a person to compensate another for compliance. Expert power base is grounded in high levels of skill and knowledge possessed by an individual. Referent power base develops as a result of the individual’s attractiveness, worthiness, and respect perceived from other people. Coercive base implies the idea of punishment of an individual by another person for noncompliance. One more power base, informational, was added later (Lyman et al. 6). It is grounded in the ability of an individual to control the information necessary for others to achieve something. Despite much criticism and to some extent rudimentary nature of the framework developed by French and Raven, it contributes to the understanding of t
Introduction I greet you all. I would like to talk about the benefits of energy drinks to our health. On this basis, I would be pleased to hear from you about the types of energy drinks we have. It is good if you could lift up your hand so that I can see it and record the answer. According to Bohlmann et al (15-64), energy drinks are being advertised time and then on televisions, radios, and newspapers because of their ability the improvement of metabolism and boost of energy levels of an individual. According to several studies on the effects of energy drinks on an average individual, the results have indicated something similar by showing that these drinks improve one’s mental alertness (Stone 107-388). As you have stated, examples of energy drinks include most of soft drinks like red bull and rock star, coffee containing caffeine, and glucose among others. Importantly, this study will be guided by a thesis stating as; energy drinks are beneficial to individuals taking them. I will talk about the benefits of energy drinks to individuals’ health both physically and mentally. I will also look at the effectiveness of energy drinks to workers in different workplaces (Stone 107-388). Main body According to Stone, B. (107-388), approximately 80% of employees leave their workplaces feeling very tired and exhausted and hence their employers have come up with means of boosting their energies in order to improve their production. Importantly, polls have indicated that lack of energy has influenced lives of many people in relation to work, education, domestic chores and even playing (Bohlmann et al 15-64). As a result of this, drinks containing caffeine are known to boost one’s energy and enable him/her to perform accordingly as expected. It should be noted that, energy boosters help in reducing the amount of money used on diets and diet products. This is because some energy drinks provide minerals and have medicinal values which are very vital to the human body as they provide nutritional support. In this case, bodybuilders and athletes require energy drinks as they provide an individual with additional energy (Bohlmann et al 15-64). Benefits of energy drinks to individuals physically and psychologically It should be noted that energy boosters like guarana as an ingredient of energy drinks have been of help in the promotion of physical staying power, improving mental perception and long term recall, raising sexual libido and conquering exhaustion among the users. On this basis, therefore, this energy booster has been indicated as having great significance to the individuals using it (Stone 107-388). On the other hand, Taurine another ingredient of energy drink is helpful in heartbeat regulation, maintenance of cell membrane steadiness and prevention of brain cell over-activity. From this significance of taurine, many individuals think that its supplementation for adults might assist in improving brain function and inventiveness (Stone 107-388). As indicated by Bohlmann et al (15-64),