ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Deloitte, which is a large accounting firm in Australia, faces challenges employee engagement and satisfaction. Such challenges are pronounced in the company’s female workers compared to their male colleagues. A major cause of this issue entails inadequate opportunity for professional development and promotion. To deal with the challenge, the company established a women’s development initiative, which failed to yield fruits. The situation led to media’s ( The Age ) criticism that Deloitte engages in ethically questionable HR practices (Festing et al. 2013). Written from the position of a HR consultant, this paper conducts as a diagnosis of the failure of the women development initiative with the help of ethical theories. It then recommends how to foster ethical and inclusive workplace at Deloitte. Diagnosis of Failure of the Women Development Initiative Deloitte’s problem of female employee engagement and satisfaction arises from the workers’ perceptions of denial or non-creation of opportunities for development and self-promotion. A remedy for this problem involved the creation of women development initiative, which according to the case study, involved holding a one-week workshop that was aimed at building women skills, including boldness, negotiation, and self-promotion (Festing et al. 2013). However, the program failed soon after it was launched. It never addressed the underlying challenges that the female employees were facing. An emerging question here is, ‘what are the reasons for the failure of the female employee engagement and satisfaction program?’ When female employees attempt to deploy the skills that they learned from the program, a survey that was conducted in the company showed that the ‘assertiveness’ skill never worked. Female employees felt that they were patronized by the organization’s assumption that they did not have confidence (Festing et al. 2013). The women’s problem that led to their low engagement and satisfaction levels was not just a mere lack of a satisfaction and engagement program. Rather, the organization suffered a cultural problem of gender discrimination. How unethical are Deloitte’s the HR practices? Guided by the rights theory, the utilitarian presumption, the caring speculation, the virtue hypothesis, and the distributive justice ethical theory, a discriminatory organizational culture is dishonorable. However, before examining ethical matters concerning Deloitte’s HR practices as criticized by The Age in the context of the rights, utilitarian, and the virtue theories, it is imperative to establish the correctness of the problem diagnosis. This goal is only accomplished by understanding the constituents of an organizational culture. Organizational norms, values, and ways of thinking define an organizational culture (Zahidul et al. 2011). This culture has to be aligned with the organizational programs. As suggested by the survey, one of Deloitte’s ways of thinking is that women lack self-assurance. Therefore, even though the company runs the program with the aim of increasing th
Introduction The management of non-profit organizations and achieving their goals in supporting society in conditions of a limited budget is not an easy task. Managers need to be leaders, decision-makers, fundraisers, and fulfill many other duties. This paper examines an imaginary agency that organizes community seminars on reproductive and sexual health for adolescents. The text considers decision-making techniques, financing, motivation, and leadership issues necessary for the organization of such workshops. The paper also includes a review of the organizational change case study. Decision-Making Techniques The need of the community may dictate the decision to hold a seminar. Based on the desired result and working backward, non-profit agencies can use the logic models technique (Denhardt et al., 2018). It includes inputs, activities, intermediate outcomes, and end outcomes elements. For example, the agency identifies a problem – the high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among adolescents, and therefore, the end outcome is their sexual health. Measures that may contribute to improved health include condom use, avoidance of accidental sexual activity, regular medical screening, and other actions – these are intermediate outcomes (CDC, 2021). It is helpful to organize sexual and reproductive health training to achieve this purpose, representing activities in a logical model. Based on the required actions, the agency decides on inputs. Current Cost of Free Seminars The seminars’ cost depends on its purpose and the participants’ number. Jensen (n.d.) identifies several basic seminars elements, which are applicable to the case. Particularly, location and equipment can be provided under an agreement with schools, where seminars are held for groups of 10-12 participants. The agency should provide a specialist and materials, and there is no need for costs on food and marketing. Thus, funding should cover handouts – $15 per group and an employee’s salary, on average $25 per hour (“Non profit organizations,” n.d.). Funding for the agency’s activities comes from a government grant. Alternative Sources of Funding for Future Seminars   * One alternative source of funding for NGOs is the collection of donations. They can come in different amounts from individuals and are often the primary source of financing (Duquette, 2017). NGO representatives should develop and support relationships with major sponsors.   * Another alternative for NGOs to receive funds is to invest. This measure involves the use of the stock market or bank deposits. However, investments may carry some risk, and NGOs should be cautious. Motivation and Challenges The Atmosphere   * Such organizations should not be overly competitive but relatively calm and promote cooperation. However, the constant search for sources of funding, work in limited conditions is very stressful.   * Moreover, public services often face compl
Introduction One of the most important inner feelings in a person is happiness, mainly because happiness makes a person feel good and satisfied. Indeed, happiness is one of the emotions that people can find in many things, for example, in relationship with their families. Again, it is always obvious that when people do something good, they automatically tend to become happy. People prefer to be happy because happiness provides them with many good results. To begin with, when one is happy, his or her health will improve, and this positive effect on health will probably lead to prolonged life. Happiness also provides protection against some serious diseases, for example, those who are always happy are less likely to suffer from diseases like heart attack or depression. Lastly, when someone is happy, it is always easy for him/her to make new friends, since happiness makes people look very attractive (Helliwell, 2008). Besides, it is always true that those who are happy can easily help others, mainly because happiness brings satisfaction to people. Various factors make one to become happy. In most cases, people always consider money as one of the things that will provide happiness; however, this is not always the case. In the subsequent sections, this paper will provide discussion on how gender, education level and the number of children influence happiness. Therefore, the paper will try to establish whether happiness is directly related to gender or education level and whether the number of children an individual has can influence the degree of his or her happiness. Literature Review Gender Most of the recent studies have shown that there is great influence of gender on happiness (Simon, 2008). Happiness is a state of mind that many researchers always argue about – that anybody can be happy. Contrary to this statement, researchers have found that females nowadays are less happy than males (Helliwell, 2008). In addition, studies have shown that married men tend to be happier than married women are (Easterlin, 2008). This is attributed to the fact that nowadays, the expectations put on women have increased, mainly due to the extensive and numerous empowerment programs accorded to women. In the past, women were happy compared to men, but this has changed currently especially due to various marital conflicts facing women and men. Another factor that makes women less happy than men is the responsibility of taking care of children, which has always been reserved for women; this role increases stress in women, especially those whose jobs or careers are very demanding. One of the arguments is that women have more intensive workload due to their empowerment; as a result, today’s women tend to work extra hard and extra hours, leading to no or limited time for others and their families, and consequently bringing less happiness to them. According to Helliwell (2008), suicides, depressions, and self-destructive behaviors have risen among females recently, mainly due to the stressful life they tend to live. The argument is that as they play double roles of professional engagement and caring for family, they become very stresse
Challenges that CultureWorks ESL deals with The company CultureWorks-English as a Second Language (ESL) is an institution whose primary business is teaching non-English natives to fluently speak the language. Among the key challenges that affect the institution is that there are very few levels of administration and that the study environment is not well-equipped to facilitate proper learning. This section seeks to give an in-depth analysis of the two challenges listed above, and provide solutions using organizational and management theories. Concepts learned in the first and fourth sessions will guide the development of the discussion. The primary aim is to offer applicable solutions to help counter the challenges that will be identified. Organizational structure CultureWorks, unlike most academic institutions, has a completely horizontal type of administration framework that has one individual overseeing the working of various departments. For an establishment that prides in offering services to students from across the globe, there needs to be a proper administrative structure which helps ensure that the each and every department runs effectively. This can be achieved by developing a hierarchy with different levels of authority. For instance, instead of having one person responsible for providing both accommodation and academic support in a campus, it would be advisable to increase the number of support persons and give them different levels of authority. The new structure should include both horizontal and vertical levels of command and influence. This change in structure is necessary for both efficiency and learning. Efficiency will be increased by having a centralized decision making process and though having trained individuals handling specialized tasks. In this regard the institution may initially be required to hire more workers. However, the eventual gains will be worth it because it will lead to reduction in the number of complaints by students and other interest groups, regarding the time taken to address particular issues. The horizontal units of structure will ensure that individuals on the same level of authority share ideas and resources, effectively making their respective offices run effectively. In the development of the recommended administrative structure, the organization’s goals, strategy and current structure have to be taken into consideration as explain
The rapidly increasing obesity prevalence rates in Saudi Arabia can be attributed to several factors based on this study the major one being lifestyle. Lifestyle is identified in Saudi Arabia as the major contributor of obesity condition between children aged 14-18 years. Indeed, the strong economy of the country is identified in this research as one of the compounding factors that aggravate the high prevalence rates of obesity in the country. This is because the discovery of oil deposits within the country especially in the Eastern region has meant more generated revenues to the country which translates to more citizens being economically empowered and more purchasing power. As a result, children are the most prone to suffer from obese conditions; as the research findings indicate many families have changed their lifestyles and adopted the fast-food lifestyle that is rapidly a culture in Saudi Arabia (see appendixes (5 & 6). In regard to lifestyle, poor choice of diet is the leading factor; it is regrettable that due to the affordability of food among many families in Saudi Arabia poor eating habits are the result instead of healthy eating. This transition towards worsened unhealthy food intake is attributed to the fact that the role of food in Saudi Arabia has gradually changed from being merely a source of nourishment to more of status, pleasure, and now a lifestyle. The current health intervention strategies have so far proven ineffective because of their limitation. This is because the government approaches in trying to reduce the high obesity prevalence rate have unfortunately focused on curative rather than prevention as should be the case. By failing to address the root causes of the health challenges facing the majority of the people in the country, the government can only hope to manage the situation rather than prevent it. It is based on this inefficacy of the current health intervention strategies in tackling obesity in Saudi Arabia that this study recommends a three-prong edged approach in addressing the obesity challenge; implementation of behavior change, medical strategies, and socio-environment factors (Sidiga & Maha, 2010). Therefore, health professionals must change people’s cultural beliefs such as the belief that sports playing by girls is taboo as it will break their hymen. This will encourage their participation in physical activities. Indeed, a recent research study by Musaiger et al (2000) shows that “the rate of obesity is higher among women who eat less than three meals every day than those who eat heavy meals at times (three meals or more)”.
Introduction Decision making is act of making a choice between alternatives. On the other hand uncertainty is the absence of all or some information about the future. According to Longford, S. (2008) intelligence is not only the information that has been selected and collected, but also analyzed and evaluated and distributed to meet the unique policy making needs of an enterprise. Decision Making Intelligence can be a possible way of reduction of the uncertainties that may exist in making decisions. This is made possible through the intelligence cycle. Intelligence cycle commence with direction, collection, collation, evaluation, analysis in respectively. First intelligence enables the decision maker to deviate from the norms. By so doing the decision maker reduces uncertainty because new and better actions will be taken to reduce the risk in decision making. Indicators is a prerequisite in this case because there must be some set of limit. Secondly, for one to possess intelligence, he/she must have undergone training. Training is a means through which one acquires the essential skills, models, tools and techniques for processing information. Employment of this tools and skills enables one make appropriate decisions hence reducing the uncertainties. Another process in the intelligent cycle is direction. Direction is the definition of the problem which the decision makers want to make. When a vague and uniformed direction is undertaken improper decisions will be made and uncertainties increased. Skills posed by intelligent decision makers help them give specific and informed direction leading to reduction of uncertainty. After defining the problem, pertinent information must be gathered to aid in decision making. Intelligence ensures planning and lateral thinking i.e. considering all possibilities. When all possible results are incorporated in decision making, the uncertainty level gets filled. Planning as well makes sure that proper sorting is done thereby availing the appropriate data. All this is only possible when there is intelligence. Moreover, the intelligence stage of evaluation is instrumental in the minimization of uncertainty. Evaluation can be described as the determination of the quality and than truthfulness of information. Awareness will then be created and tactics designed to help mitigate the menace of misleading information. When this is reduced, the decisions undertaken will be viable and this reduces uncertainty levels. Cognitive bias makes a decision maker to be skewed in the kind of choice made. It entails the situation where perception outweigh need and the mindset that limits the scope of wider thinking. Intelligence reduces this problem by encouraging products delineated assumption and specific uncertainty and sources. It also ensures periodic reexamination, emphasis on procedure and realism. This will add value to the decisions made and thus declining the uncertainty levels Conclusion Finally, effective dissemination of information also reduces uncertainty. If information is properly disseminated, the loophole of conflicting sources that may further increase uncertainties i
Alcoholism is the habitual ingestion of alcohol that leads to dependence. An alcoholic will continue to drink regardless of the damaging effects their usage has on their social, mental stability, and physical health. Alcohol dependence is a multi-factor social disease with bio-psychological and social beginnings. Alcoholics are influenced by the groups they belong to, which are family members and peers. Individuals that suffer from alcohol dependence become physically addicted. The more alcoholic drinks, the more they can tolerate. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms include delirium tremens, sweating and shaking; elevated heart rate, rapid emotional changes, sleeping difficulties, vomiting, feeling nervous or jumpy, cognitive impairment, throbbing headaches, depression and anxiety. Alcohol can be compared with drugs, although it is legally available. “Drugs that are used to alter perceptions, states of consciousness, or moods, act on the brain” (Thakkar, 2006, p. 20). When individuals begin to reveal signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal they are in need of detoxification. The process of recovery entails dedication and commitment. The person seeking recovery must be motivated to abstain from alcohol intoxication. Alcoholics must first recognize they have a problem with alcohol. They have to stay away from people who drink, places they frequent where they can access alcohol and things that may tempt them to drink. Treatment can be more successful if the problem is identified early, and may vary depending upon the individual. The combination of medication and support services can be helpful in assisting alcoholics to return to stable and healthy lifestyles. Polish people migrated to the United States initially during the early 20 th century. The Polish immigrants from Greenpoint were referred to as poor social class. The two programs that were found to assist Polish people were Outreach Project located at 960 Manhattan Avenue in Brooklyn and Unitas at 57 Saint Mark’s Place New York, NY 10003 (Heinlein 2006). The Polish go to Woodhull hospital to detoxify from their alcohol dependence which takes from three to five days. Within that period, addiction counselors must plan for their discharge. Treatment for alcoholics should be specific and available to the person who is willing to stop their negative behavior of alcohol consumption Our group proposal is called Realistic Encounters Emphasizing Recovery (R.E.E.R.). Our group intends to address the needs of the Polish alcoholic who is seeking recovery. R.E.E.R is for Polish adults 21 years of age and older. One of our group leaders is Polish-speaking. Other group leaders will incorporate group members to participate with translations. One idea is to have bi-lingual members take turns and act as group leaders to promote the understanding within the group. Group members may feel more inclined to share with their peers as the creators of R.E.E.R. Alcoholism is an problem that can be addre
Introduction Strategic sourcing is one of the most critical areas of strategic management that regulates all procurement activities of a company (Oshri, Kotlarsky, & Willcocks 2015). Successful organizations recognize that procurement should not be treated as only a cost function, but rather it has to be regarded as a valuable instrument that can help them to meet their long-term objectives. Therefore, if a company wishes to acquire a competitive edge in a market, its chief procurement officers (CPOs) have to be concerned with the creation of a system of effective strategic sourcing. To this end, it is necessary to take a strategic sourcing orientation and use the most current technological solutions for centralizing and managing procurement data. Not only do such instruments allow effectively control all aspects of procurement such as “spend analysis, capability sourcing, supplier selection and evaluation, contract management and relationship management” (Oshri, Kotlarsky, & Willcocks 2015, p. 30) among others, but they also help to analyze sourcing activities in the performance dimension. Moreover, heads of procurement department can use modern electronic systems for procurement management in order to align their activities with organizational objectives. The aim of this paper is to examine a case study of a siding manufacturer, Durable Vinyl Siding Corporation (DVSC), and to provide its director of sourcing and procurement with extensive information on methods for reduction of procurement costs. The paper will analyze the differences between computerization, e-commerce, and outsourcing while focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each option. Overview The desired reduction in procurement costs is not possible without the close management of material and information flows (Poluha 2016). Taking into consideration the fact that in manufacturing, the entire organization hinges on the effectiveness of the supply chain, its optimization can influence many variables of business governance. Therefore, the procurement department has to make sure that it explores all avenues for improving its performance criteria. Given that procurement activities have to be conducted with compliance with laws and regulations, it is especially important to make sure that the methods used for the reduction of procurement costs do not violate them. Currently, DVSC relies on manual methods for keeping track of its procurement processes (Coyle et al. 2009). Not only do these methods increase a chance of legal violations by introducing a substantial number of human errors into procurement documents, but they also cause data disintegration and redundancy. Therefore, the director of sourcing and procurement is recommended to consider alternative options for the company’s purchasing strategic plan. Computerization Computerization has completely changed the landscape of modern management. Supply management has not been an exception in this respect and has seen a radical transformation of all procurement processes. No one would deny that the competitive nature of the modern business environment “makes the effective use o