ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
RN as a Teacher Teaching is the unique phenomenon that ensures transmission of knowledge from one generation to another, its preservation, and enrichment. For this reason, this process is one of the key elements of the further evolution of our society as it contributes to the increased efficiency of different activities. Especially important teaching becomes for the healthcare sector as the price of a mistake is extremely high there, and deep knowledge and specific experiences help to avoid these mistakes. For this reason, the RN might become a teacher needed to improve different competencies and guarantee positive final outcomes as the experience she/he possesses contributes to the unique efficiency of the whole process. Additionally, a nurse might provide clients with unique information that might help them to save their lives. Assessment and Identification of Client Learning Needs Readiness/Motivation to Learn Thus, the RN should be able to identify and assess client learning needs to attain success and guarantee positive final results. For this reason, this specialist should be attentive and concentrated to examine a client and obtain the information about the most topical problems peculiar to this very case. It is obvious that the major concerns related to this very issue will become the main client learning needs. Moreover, this approach will also ensure a high level of motivation as he/she will be interested in acquiring additional information needed to improve the state of his/her health. Preparation of Environment and Client The preparation of the environment is another RNs important task. Resting on his/her experience, this specialist could contribute to the improved final outcomes by reorganizing a clients dwelling, surrounding, etc. (“How to educate patients,” 2011). A specialist could adjust it to the specific needs of a client. For instance, in case a client is not able to move, space should be reorganized for a wheelchair to move freely. It will obviously help to attain success and improve the state of clients health. Improvement of a dwelling according to this pattern might be complicated, though an RN still should be ready to insist and use all possible tools to guarantee the reorganization of the environment in which a client lives. Special Needs of Clients and Intervention to Meet those Needs Therefore, the above-mentioned processes should rest on a clients specific needs that exist at the moment. In case a client has problems with eyes there is a need for remedies that will help him/her to orientate himself/herself. Patients with mental problems need some assistance in the simplest everyday tasks, etc. These needs create the basis of their further cooperation. Moreover, a nurse should create the intervention plan to explain a patient his/her positi
Mold is a type of fungus; it is neither plant nor animal but is still alive. Molds can be both found indoors and outdoors. There is no concrete number of molds known, but it is roughly estimated from tens of thousands to three hundred thousand or even more. The role of mold cannot be overestimated; to name penicillin as a type of mold would be enough. The best conditions for mold growth are warm (preferable temperatures are 40 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit), damp and humid, but molds can also survive dry conditions that do not contribute to normal mold growth. Molds can grow on different types of food, thus making them unfit to eat. Also, they can spread on walls, floors, and ceilings, and on personal possessions. To grow molds and to study what conditions they grow the best in, I have conducted the following experiment, which tested four samples. For the experiment, I needed 4 slices of bread, some water, some saran wrap, and magnifying glass. The experiment took me two weeks, and it was conducted as follows. I worked on four samples at a time. First, I took a few days-old pieces of bread (it shouldn’t have been too stale) and sliced them in half. The first half was sealed in saran wrap, and the other was exposed to air. The second piece of bread was also sliced in half. One half I left in the dark (actually, it was a paper bag), whereas the other one I left in strong light (to observe the work of sunlight). The third piece of bread I also sliced in half. One half was very dry; on the other one, I put 1 tsp of water. Every day I put a few drops of water on this half. As for the fourth piece of bread, I put half of it in the dark warm place, on the top of the fridge in a paper bag, and the other half I put in the cold dark place (it was refrigerator). As mold grows slowly, there was no need to check it more than twice a day. I found observing it once a day more practical. Every day I examined the changes either with a naked eye or a magnifying glass and recorded the changes in appearance. Molds developed on some of the samples. Namely, in the first sample, the sealed bread developed molds more slowly than the unsealed bread. In the second sample, the bread kept in darkness developed molds more quickly than the bread that I kept in the light. In the third sample, the wet bread developed mold more quickly than the dry bread. As for the fourth sample, the mold in the warm place developed more quickly than the bread in the cold place. Thus, the experiment proved that molds grow best in warm, dark, and moist conditions. Also, the experiment enlarged my knowledge about the storage of food. It turned out that bread should be stored in some sealed places, in the refrigerator, in the light, in some dry and cool places to keep it from molds. I realized that various foods (such as cheese, oranges, tomatoes, potatoes, lemons, etc.) might grow molds if left exposed. People should use some artifici
Introduction The financial crisis of 2007-2009 which started in the United States (U.S.) had its effects spread across the global economies. The crisis reached its peak in the fiscal period spanning from 2007-2008 which saw the collapse of the world’s financial system. Global credit markets ceased to function as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the US was declining at an annual rate of 7 percent. This was accompanied by a drop in domestic demand and industrial production (Addo, 2010). As a result of this, there was a drastic decline in the global credit market as the effects of the crisis spread from the US to other economies including but not limited to Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and South America where Brasil was also not spared. In view of this, the paper explores this financial crisis as recent global financial crisis (GFC). It covers its background information, its effects to different parts of the world. Moreover, how this crisis has influenced effectiveness of multinational enterprises’ operations is also covered. Background Information of the Financial Crisis According to Addo (2010), the financial crisis of 2008 was predictable and avoidable. Initially, the collapse of AIG, the under-performance of Fallie Mac and Fannie Mac and the merging of the Bank of America and the Merrill Lynch were the start point of the financial problems in the US (United Nations, 2009). It is widely believed that this financial crisis was created by the US mortgage market. The new mortgage lending policy induced majority of the households to take heavy debt burden that came to be commonly known as subprime. The subprime mortgage was meant for less credit worthy borrowers than the prime borrowers (National Institute of Economic and Social Research, 2008). This policy curtailed the lower and the middle class income growth to the benefit of the wealthiest segment of the US population (United Nations). Addo continues to affirm that as a result of this policy, the outstanding household debt raised from 64 percent to 94 percent of the US Gross Domestic Product which led to the iniquitous financial crisis. However, one may wonder why financial problems of a small segment of the market can spread out and be a major problem in the world’s financial services? In answering this question, one gets to unlock the mystery of this issue. First of all, the subprime mortgages of the US at the time were tremendously securitized. However, the need to sell the idea led to a wide spread of default risk among participants in the market. In the event where by originators of these mortgages held them to the period of their pay off, potential high risk of defaulting intensified on the side of the originator (Davis, 2008). It is therefore affirmed by Davis (2008) that as a resul
Any change in social life patterns has the potential to impact criminal patterns. With Covid-19, while shoplifting rates have declined by 75 percent in some places throughout America, the surge of the virus has resulted in Coronavirus-related scum (Deloitte, 2020). A significant number of criminal activities has shifted, and as technology advances, some of the potential future crimes will entail surveillance. Law enforcement agencies will have challenges with legal requirements and privacy issues in operating vehicles that demand law enforcement agency compliance (Fortenbery, 2016). Law enforcement agencies will be forced to regulate surveillance when conducting data collection and item transportation operations. Another potential criminal analysis issue will be DNA testing (Fortenbery, 2016). Technology advancements have combined several existing approaches in massively parallel sequencing (MPS). With the procedure, the capacity to sequence DNA has become more accurate and efficient, and criminals might use various evidence types and techniques to interfere with samples (Fortenbery, 2016). DNA processing advances combined with increased known sample databases will offer future criminal analysis challenges for law enforcement agencies. One smartphone app that connects police departments with their constituents is SceneDoc, which enables police officers to gather notes, view constituents’ case files, issue citations, and complete FBR reports. The app provides a faster and more precise experience, richer information, and enhanced police safety while in the field (inTime, n.d.). The other law smartphone app that connect police to their constituents is USCop which provides law enforcement officers with over 1,400 content pages on training articles, case law resources, accident investigation formulas, law enforcement training modules, and pill identifiers, among others (inTime, n.d.). The other apps, by mention, comprise Miranda Warnings/Rights, PoliceOne App, First Aid App, Scanner 911, Notecam, InTime Scheduling App, Early Bird Alarm Clock, and Police Spanish Guide.
“They came there in the morning – Trains coming from all sorts of places in Germany – Until the Jews numbered thousands. Here they were searched And if anybody had more than ten marks The rest was taken away…” Charles Reznikoff, pp.3 Almost every person in the world knows something about the Holocaust. It was a period during World War II, because of which more than six million of Jews died. Adolf Hitler did not know any mercy to Jewish people: he ordered to create numerous camps and put to death all Jews. “For Hitler, Jews represented evil incarnate. Wherever Jews settles, he wrote, they strove for mastery over the host population.” (Fischel 4) Many writers try to represent the horror of those times. Some of them use interesting details to help the reader plunge into the history. Some writers describe the events in general and underline how unfair all those actions of Hitler’s were. The idea of the Holocaust and the horror people lived during World War II ties closely three works of different writers: A Dead Child Speaks by Nelly Sachs, Babii Yar by Yevgeny Yevtushenko, and After Auschwitz by Anne Sexton. These three writers, Nelly Sachs, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, and Anne Sexton are the representatives of three different countries, which were involved into the process of the Holocaust somehow. Sachs is a representative of German literature, Sexton is an American writer, and Yevtushenko is a writer from Russia. Their works are three different positions, three different opinions on one and the same event. Nelly Sachs in her A Dead Child Speaks tries to individualize millions who died during the Holocaust. Instead of analyzing the mystery and reasons of why the Nazis used such terrible methods to lead other people, she concentrates on certain universal themes and metaphors. “Someone raised the knife of parting” (Sachs) It is not an ordinary knife, which each woman has in the kitchen. It is a symbol of something that separate people forever. The Nazis did not pay attention whether they kill children, young women, or old men. People had no distinctions in age or sex. The only point that played an important role was a race. If a person is a Jew, he/she did not have the right to live. At the end of the poem, the author repeats once again the presence of parting knife. “As I was led to death/ I still felt in the last moment/ The unsheathing of the great knife of parting” (Sachs) Such literature device as repetition helps the reader concentrate on one concrete detail. The word-combination “knife of parting” appears at the beginning and at the end to underline the hopeless that something may change. After Auschwitz by the American writer, Anne Sexton, presents another picture of the events during the Holocaust. In this work, the author describes her own experience, her feelings about the brutality of camps, which found and killed all Jewish people. “Each day/ each Nazi/ took, at 8:00 A.M., a baby/ and sautéed him for breakfast/ in his frying pan” (Sexton) The last two lines is a kind of metaphor, which underlines how crass all humankind is. In this poem, the writer t
Naturalism is the theory or practice in art and literature of realistic representation of nature; it excludes the supernatural or spiritual. This concept is sometimes known as “realism”. In history, naturalism was among the wave of “isms” that emerged in the art world during the late nineteenth century (Science Encyclopedia). As an artistic movement, the concept originated from France; where the author Emile Zola (1840 -1920) advocated for the representation of the natural world in an aesthetic form. Since then, many novelists, dramatists, critics, and writers have applied naturalism in their work. In light of this, the following paragraphs explain the historical developments that led to naturalism through the various authors who incorporated the genre in their work. Based on Charles Darwin’s theory, “survival of the fittest”, man is implicated as a natural object controlled by the environment. This theory in history made France demand a new drama, hence the advent of naturalism. France had been dominated in the Franco-Prussian war of 1871, which halted Napoleon 3’s rule and enabled France to become a Republic. As a result of this, many people shifted their views on the way workers were treated. It appeared that the normal citizen had few civil liberties and by 1900, countries in Europe developed their constitution which advocated for the interest of the working class. Naturalism was also drawn to acceptance by Marxism and evolutionary theory because Science and technology were seen as the major advancements for solving modern issues. Naturalism as a concept of the scientific method became an aesthetic movement in France during the 1870s (Howard 20). According to American Theater Guide, France authors, Jules and Edmond started the naturalism movement through their writing, Germine Lacertuer (1865); later on, Emile Zola led the movement. Zola maintained a ‘scientific’ status in his work, depicting sociological impartiality that offered a detailed explanation of modern society; one such work is the railways in Bete Humaine (1890). His work was converted into many languages as it enlightened the present sensibility and a stern vital edge. Consequently, naturalists in Eastern Europe, South America, and Asia have long discussed this aesthetic movement. In America, the version of naturalism is more stable, since many of the naturalists were influenced by the works of Zola; some of these authors included Norris and London (Science Encyclopedia). The American artists viewed naturalism as an extension of the realism tradition, which aimed at a more realistic presentation of nature without ethical justification. Furthermore, naturalist fiction frequently concentrated on cultural inhabitants of the developing American cities, many of them immigrants and mainly coming from lower to middle-level class. Although the naturalists were not
Leadership is a complex issue that is subject to many discussions and research. Its definition will depend on the situation where it is studied. Leadership is a field of study and a skill crucial for successful managers and other leaders. Leadership is not only the feature of politicians or managers in offices. Leadership skills can be useful in many professions. Moreover, a person with developed leadership skills can save others in a critical situation. On the contrary, a person in power but with poor leadership skills can bring harm in case of an emergency. History has examples of disastrous situations where men in power could not manage critical situations, which led to people’s deaths (Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, 2009). Thus, a person can be described as one possessing leadership skills when he or she can have an influence on “an organized group toward accomplishing its goals” (Hughes et al., 2009, 88). Managerial incompetence may have unwanted consequences. The minimum negative impact of incompetence is the failure to achieve goals. However, when an incompetent manager works with people or in a serious industry, the consequences can be much worse. There are two dimensions of managerial incompetence (Hughes et al., 2009). They include the inability to build teams and achieve the wanted results. According to these dimensions, managers can be divided into four categories: Competent Managers, Cheerleaders, In Name Only Managers, and Results Only Managers (Hughes et al., 2009). They differ in their ability to organize efficient teamwork and reach the intended purposes. I used to know a person who was in charge of the sales department of a small retail trade company. He had five sales managers in the department. They were not making billions of dollars but had a steady income and clear perspectives of growth and development. The person was a typical Cheerleader in his management strategy. The definition of this manager type suited him best of all: “very people-centered and made it a point of getting along with everyone” (Hughes et al., 2009, 91). He tried to make friends with everyone from the company’s staff. He always initiated team-building activities, collective trips on weekends, and all his managers went for dinner together if they were in the office. The sales department looked like a family with warm relations. On the one hand, it was a pleasure to look at their spending time together. The working process was organized in an atmosphere of fun. On the other hand, the efficiency of the department was decreasing every month. According to Hughes et al., “the problem is Cheerleaders spend so much time making the workplace enjoyable
Introduction Resorts, like other business enterprises face many challenges. They are sensitive areas as they are places used for recreation and relaxation by most tourists and therefore affected by slight changes. People visiting resorts have many options to choose from, thus those managing them must be of the right standards to attract clients. The standards are determined by among many other things, interactions between employees and clients, security and affordability of services. This paper explores challenges faced by the resort industry and concentrates on high costs of labor, issues of insecurity, high competition and economic recessions. Challenges Facing Resorts Operation costs and specifically labor costs have always been high in the hospitality industry and especially in resorts. This is partly because of the high number of employees handling different tasks that are needed. In fact, for most resorts, paying of wages accounts for the largest single expense and takes a big chunk of operating costs for resorts. On the other hand, a large number of skilled employees who are well motivated are necessary for effective running of resorts. Many of the services offered in resorts like serving food, tour guiding, massage and other relaxation services cannot be automated and therefore resorts will continue to face challenges of high labor costs. Other operation costs are in the form of procured products for clients and recurrent bills. Security is another significant challenge that confronts the resorts industry. Most of the clients visiting different resorts come from outside of the area where the resort is situated. Therefore, when making a decision whether to visit a particular resort, issues of security are a major determinant of such a decision. Areas experiencing security problems have less visitors especially those out to enjoy themselves. In current times, the global terrorist problem has seen many resort areas and establishments suffer. When an area is considered prone to terrorists’ attacks, travel advisories are issued and holidaymakers are forced to stay away. Countries dependent on tourism with well-established resort hubs may many a times find themselves without visitors when security becomes an issue. The third challenge is increased competition or rather an influx of resort hotels and accompanying services that have destabilized the industry quite substantially. With many resorts reporting th
The modern business world is characterized by the tendency towards globalization and fostering of international trade relations between states. At the same time, numerous regions of the world have different peculiarities and are at different stages of economic growth. That is why the fair trade incentive is introduced to assist developing nations in their further development. It presupposes providing beneficial trading conditions for particular countries to support their economies and help their products to enter the international market (“About us,” n.d.). Nowadays we could observe the appearance of such fair trade products as bananas, coffee, cocoa, textile, cotton, etc. However, the practice still remains disputable because of its nature and contradictory character. For this reason, it is critical to investigate this incentive and peoples attitude to it to determine its perspectives and opportunities for growth. Thus, the primary aim of the study is to collect data regarding fair trade and peoples attitude to it. One should realize the fact that the success of any campaign depends on its attractiveness to the target audience and its image among customers. That is why the collection of relevant data about consumers choices, their preferences and ideas is fundamental for determining the current state of fair trade and its perspectives. A survey is one of the most efficient approaches that might help to conduct this research (Olsen, 2011). In this regard, the pivotal aim of the created survey is the acquisition of both qualitative and quantitative information regarding consumers choices of fair trade products, attitude to their price, quality, nature, etc. The expected number of respondents is 30. It could help to achieve the increased credibility of findings and data saturation. The above-mentioned survey is designed in the way that helps to collect all essential information related to choices. As it is crucial to determine quantitative demographical data about individuals, questions about their age and average income are introduced. Moreover, qualitative data about attitudes, factors impacting the choice, peculiarities of the price, etc. is collected through specific questions added to the survey. For this reason, it becomes a potent tool that could help to investigate the issue of fair trade and the way people living in developed states take it. Altogether, the designed survey should be distributed among 30 customers disregarding their social status or income to collect relevant data related to the fair trade incentive. It could help to create the basis for further discussion and improve the comprehension of the issue.