ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The proper use of evidence remains one of the most important things connected to the court process. To be able to assess evidence, it is necessary to be familiar with the types of evidence and the differences between them. Speaking about different types of evidence that help crime investigators to find and punish a criminal, it is necessary, to begin with, physical or real evidence. Real evidence can be used in court to establish the guilt of the criminal. This type of evidence is represented by items that help to reveal the circumstances of a crime. Physical evidence can be obtained in different ways; for instance, it may be found in the place of crime. In such a case, crime investigators can make conclusions about the things that have happened. The most common items classified as physical evidence usually help to understand the nature of the crime. For instance, among the examples of physical evidence that are the most important for uncovering crimes there are different types of weapons. More importantly, some of them such as cold steel arms may be with traces of blood, and such evidence is significant for the investigation. What is more, things that may act as physical evidence include the items of clothing or personal property of the participants (Ver Steegh, 2016). Some items such as clothes with the traces of blood or other types of biomaterials act as important evidence in case of sexual assault or inflictions of injury on other people (Menaker, Campbell, & Wells, 2016). To continue, physical evidence may be represented by different documents found in the place of a crime or at suspects’ houses. The documents may be handwritten or printed; they include contracts, financials, and even correspondence. Physical or real evidence is extremely important to the investigation because it can be observed in the courtroom and it helps to establish a link between the actual criminal act itself and people connected to it such as victim or offender. Speaking about demonstrative evidence, we usually mean all the objects that can be used in court to prove the fact significant for the discussed case to judge or jury (Lilly, Capra, & Saltzburg, 2015). Therefore, this term is used to describe only those things that can be demonstrated to other people responsible for returning a verdict. It is necessary to say that there are different methods used to clarify the issues at a crime scene. These methods are connected to presenting different types of demonstrative evidence. To begin with, demo
Introduction Terrorism is an ideology of violence or an extreme form of extremism that belongs to the group of the most severe crimes. Such crimes include arson, explosion, spraying of toxic substances, kidnapping, attempted murder and murder of individual citizens, seizure of vehicles and buildings, and many others (Schuurman, 2020). Naturally, the fight against terrorism is waged at all levels of the state hierarchy – from local to federal. Everyone cannot completely protect themselves from terrorist activities, but security education measures are taken quite often. Nevertheless, this phenomenon requires special attention and constant monitoring since human life is constantly at risk. Before and After the War Most of the crimes of terrorism committed in the world are local terrorism, aimed either at seizing power or against the current political regime, and less and less often, but at obtaining material benefits. Many terrorist groups have appeared in countries as rebels, in other words, during civil wars. They were not originally intended for a terrorist and did not imply arson, robbery, and attacks in their functions (Stanton, 2019). This example shows that it is pretty tricky to draw the line where terrorism starts and how it differs from military operations. Nevertheless, the need to establish this boundary exists since precision in terminology will make it possible to define the causes of terrorism in peacetime or wartime more clearly and, accordingly, prevent it. During the war, as during terrorism, all human rights fail, regardless of specific national legislation. Wars and terrorism in different eras most often had the same motives; if before the 18th century they were more often religious, now they are political and ideological. From the point of view of modern definitions or attempts to define these phenomena, the difference is most often established in the globality of the character, duration of the act, and the number of actors and their motives (Van Schepen, 2017). Historically, wars and terrorist activities have always gone side by side, so it is tough to note the overall impact of terrorism before, during, and after a war. If we consider specifically the Second World War, then terrorism before the war took place in more significant numbers than after it. This fact has obvi
As the matter of fact, literature and literacy emerged from the human desire to share experience and to get a better understanding of the perception of the existence. It is worth stating that all the fairy tales and myths aim to help people to understand something that cannot be explained. Literature plays an integral role in the children’s development and the process of growing up. Literature is the need of the human being to express feelings and experience through words and stylistic devices. A great variety of children literature address different needs; some books aim to explain the world around us, whereas other ones describe the daily routine, stress the conflict situations, and show some possible variants and option for a solution or omitting. Some books are written to highlight the differences that are common in the world, namely cultural, national, or racial. However, no matter what the content is, each book is created to transfer the vital message. For the child to be able to understand and perceive the knowledge hidden in the book, he should be able to read. Reading is not only about pronouncing words together; it is more about the capability to understand the text and to analyze what is read. The primary aim of the paper is to provide the in-depth analysis regarding the role of the children’s literature in the literacy education. Dramatic play Reading and dramatic play are the perfect tools that help to develop the child’s imagination and contribute to the expansion of the world outlook. Dramatic play is usually used to see how the child interacts with the environment. The fundamental purpose of the teacher is not to give children printed words to learn by heart but to create the prolific atmosphere to play, be unique, and reflect the inner world with the attention to the reality (Mayesky, 2006). Through the performance, the teacher can draw appropriate conclusions regarding the feelings of
Introduction Assessing the economy of Asian countries that have marked the greatest improvement in terms of economic performance in the past decade, it is clear that the rapid pace at which the economy has grown is closely linked to their strong export orientation. Economic growth within these East Asian economies followed the change of economic activity from being based on the customary importation substitution towards activities and policies that are more focused on exporting goods to other countries. The result of such policies was immediate net annual growth of twenty percent and this extended over a long time period (Balassa, 590). The aim of this paper will analyze the similarities and differences between economic developments in Asian countries. Emphasis will be laid on the difference and similarities between first and second wave. Under the first wave, we will discuss in detail, three cases, namely Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Under the second wave, we will also discuss three cases i.e. China, India and Thailand. First Wave of Economic Revolution Japan The achievement of export trade has always been closely linked to the general growth of Japan’s economic development. Volume trade averaged seventeen percent up to the year 1973. The net effect of export trade to Japan was not only limited to the provision of much needed foreign currency for the purchase of raw goods, but it also benefited the country through developing its industry so as to take advantage of the economies of scale that could not have succeeded if it was to rely solely on its domestic market. It is also through export trade that firms realized the threat of competition and the need to be innovative and efficient (Buckley, 45). So what are the catalysts for Japan’s success? The country’s industrial policy has always fostered a culture of innovation and support for local firms. Local firms are encouraged from the outset to aim for export of their products. All this is done in order to ensure that the country is able to compete with the West when it comes to global trade. The industrial policies of Japan are aimed at offering not only financial support but also technical support that includes advisory services and arranging trade fairs all around the globe (Buckley, 67). South Korea Export trade in South Korea has mainly been catalyzed by two important key policies that were instituted by the Government. The first was land control: Land was redistributed so as to accommodate the rising population. At the time, there was a pending population crisis as immigrants flocked from the North. A family was only restricted to three hectares. The second policy that assisted the country was education policy. The government realized at the time that the country needed qualified persons in order to run its industries, thus it placed emphasis on good and quality education for its citizens Thus the government can be attributed as one of the biggest enabler
Rock music of the 1970s was marked by a strong desire to change and numerous transformations were taking place in different spheres of people’s life. Thus, prior to the 1970s, there was no distinction among different styles of rock bands as they were all seen as rock performers. It is also necessary to note that in the 1960s the theme of peace and love prevailed. However, in the 1970s, a shift in people’s desires occurred. Thus, people were preoccupied with numerous issues in economic, social, political and other spheres. Of course, the abundance of ideas made rock bands and performers want to stand out and develop their own styles to communicate their own messages. Thus, several types of rock music appeared at that period. Hard rock was very popular and such groups as Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath attracted a lot of people’s attention as they produces brand new music. There was also soft rock and Queen (a representative of this style) was also profoundly famous worldwide. Bob Dylan and The Eagles represented country rock while the Ramones and Blondie were representatives of punk rock. Pink Floyd and Genesis represented progressive rock. Another type of rock developed in the 1970s is glam rock that was pioneered by such renowned performers as David Bowie and Marc Bolan. New wave rock also appeared at that time and it was characterized by extensive use of synthesizers. Talking Heads and Devo are regarded as representatives of this type of rock. It is noteworthy that performers were eager to try new melodies, tunes and instruments. Distortions were very popular among musicians at that period. It is necessary to note that apart from development of different types of rock, there were other changes. For instance, after hippie style, performers developed new styles in clothing. The new style in clothing was accompanied by changes in performer’s behavior on stage. Bands and performers of the 1960s only started dancing or rather moving on stage. In the 1970s, performers were dancing, jumping, shouting, and behaving in a really violent way. At that, fans became more active or rather outrageous as well. There were several riots and victims during rock concerts in the 1970s. Apart from the change in music or behavior, the period was marked by a significant change in terms of gender issues. Thus, female bands and performers entered the world of rock music because of transformations of the 1970s. Prior to that period, men prevailed on stage and women rarely appeared in rock bands or as solo
The importance of using secondary data for research in different spheres is growing every day. There are two types of data used for research: primary and secondary. Primary data is the information gathered by the researchers for a specific study. Secondary data is the information that has already been gathered and made publicly available to anyone. According to Johnston (2017), research utilizing secondary data has become more prevalent due to technological advances, and high amounts of data have already been collected, compiled, and stored. When considering cross-cultural training for the New Harbor Memorial Hospital, there are several kinds of data that may be used for research. There are two kinds of primary data that will be gathered and analyzed for the project, including customer satisfaction and self-reported level of cultural competence. Thus, data concerning the satisfaction levels of patients around the country can be used to compare the level of patient satisfaction in the New Harbor Memorial Hospital with the average levels of satisfaction. Additionally, such secondary data can be used to compare the mean levels of satisfaction of White patients with the level of satisfaction of Latino patients. Another type of secondary data that can be used for analysis is the changes in demographics. Information about the number of people of different ethnicities in the US at different points in time can be helpful to establish the importance of the project, as it would presumably confirm that the Latino population in the US is growing. Additionally, demographical data about the specific area near the New Harbor Memorial Hospital would also be helpful to understand if the tendency was the same in the area. Reference Johnston, M. P. (2017). Secondary data analysis: A method of which the time has come. Qualitative and quantitative methods in libraries , 3 (3), 619-626. Class Wiki: Secondary Datasets Below are the links and descriptions of different datasets that would be useful for my project.  1. US population by different characteristics, including sex, age, ethnicity, and income level. Web. This dataset can be used to see the tendencies in the composition of the US population by race, which is crucial for my project, as it promotes cross-cultural training in a hospital to meet the needs of the growing Latino population.  2. Patient survey (HCAHPS), a national, standardized survey of hospital patients about their experiences during a recent inpatient hospital stay. Web. This dataset can be used to compare the satisfaction levels of patients in different hospitals and examine the factors that may affect them.  3. US population by different characteristics with graphs and analysis. Web.
Introduction Evaluation of real estate property for investment purposes is one of the most important aspects of the investment sphere. This requires proper analysis and assessment of various parameters that define the key value of the realty, and the proper evaluation is impossible without analyzing the entire market of real estate. The aim of this paper is to find a suitable Grade A office accommodation for the European HQ of an international media organization. The key requirements for the real estate are 5 600 sq m of flexible office space and 465 sq m for the retail area. The report will involve a detailed analysis of the Greater Manchester real estate market, identification of two vacant properties that meet the given criteria with proper assessment of the pros and cons for each variant, assessment of both variants in terms of suitability for the activity sphere of the organization, market analysis as well as the heritable interest for each variant, and finally, the investment appraisal of each variant. Market Analysis The real estate market of Great Manchester is featured with a wide range of opportunities. As it is stated by Ratcliffe, Stubbs et.al. (2005), this city is popular for its conference, academic, and business focus, therefore, the possible variants for renting, leasing, or purchasing real estate property are numerous, and perfectly suited for business purposes. The market, in general, may be described as quite favorable for dwelling, as well as retail. In general, most properties that are sold or leased for business purposes are featured with comparatively low prices, and suitable for proper investment (Grauer and Hakansson, 2005). As for the price policy on the market, Donohue and Hendershott (2006, p. 417), emphasized the following statement: The city’s housing stock is vast and comprehensive, with everything from studio flats, terraced cottages, upscale dockside apartments, new-builds, and Edwardian and Victorian homes, to country mansions outside the city. After a fall during the recession, prices are just beginning to edge upwards, but inexpensive homes can be found, especially in the less fashionable districts. Returns on rental properties are reasonable at present and should increase. As for the legislative side of market transfers regulation, it should be emphasized that purchase of the property by non-UK citizens is mainly unregulated, however, permanent residence of non-citizens may be featured with particular legislative problems. The purchasing process itself is straightforward; however, some deals may require a solicitor for making the process smoother. As for the market forecasts, it is emphasized that the prices are going to increase for at least 5% within the nearest year, however, some researchers state that the growth rate may be 15% (C
Introduction Organizational behavior is a very important phenomenon that modern organizations cannot downplay. The phenomenon facilitates the development of healthy relationships amongst employees and employers in organizations. In present times, issues relating to organizational behavior have influenced the performance of employees and their relationship with their employers. The issues need timely redress so that organizations enjoy success occasioned by healthy association among employees and the management. The solutions required are those that cut across the organizations and address issues experienced by the organization as well as those advanced by employees. It is within this backdrop that the essay discusses issues and concepts of organizational behavior and proposes solutions that can help in addressing the issues. Issues in Organizational Behaviour Employee Diversity and Privacy Modern organizations are more diverse as compared to past enterprises. The diversity evident in contemporary organizations emanate from the increased mobility that has facilitated the movement of people across various parts of the world. The movement has triggered a scenario where individuals from different countries work together in a particular organization. Hoch and Kozlowski (2014) explain that, currently, individuals who have different religious, cultural, and ethnic variations work together in organizations. When employees from diverse orientations interact, they are likely to demonstrate conflicting ideas and, in some cases, disagree. Ideological differences and disagreements affect the overall productivity and quality of products that the subject organizations offer to their clients. Therefore, diversity is a behavioral issue that modern organizations cannot downplay. Another issue that has become challenging in the field of organizational behavior is the issue of privacy. Modern employers focus on performance and productivity. To ensure that employees deliver in line with the set goals, some managers interfere with their privacy. According to Yam, Fehr, Keng-Highberger, Klotz, and Reynolds (2016), some of the acts that managers execute, which interfere with employee privacy, include monitoring phone usage and controlling their relationships. By doing the aforementioned acts, the organizations instill a negative attitude in the minds of employees, a factor that lowers their willingness to deliver their best. On the other hand, some employees can take too much time monitoring their managers and leaders and, in the process, encroach into their private lives. Although instances of employees encroaching into the private lives of their employers are minimal, there are scenarios when they engage in activities that compromise the privacy of their leaders and managers. Apparently, the issue of professionalism and privacy is a behavioral challenge that requires well-articulated solutions. Real-Life Examples of Organizational Behaviour Privacy and Diversity Rachel is an organization that buys and sells electronics such as phones, laptops, and televisions. The company’s marketing team is a composition of five members, three men and two wom
Racial and ethnic conflicts existing in the modern United States take their origins in the colonial past of the country. In his book A Different Mirror, Ronald Takaki (2008) examines the narratives of the British settlers and their attitude toward Native Americans and Africans. The author eloquently illustrates how colonizers constructed a negative and very biased image of different races and ethnicities. In this way, they were able to invent an excuse for the cruel treatment of slaves and people whom they colonized. This paper will examine the rhetoric used by British settlers in order to lay down the ethical and rational justifications of their actions. Moreover, it is vital to speak about the resistance that Native Americans and Africans offered. Overall, the conquest of America often involved the dehumanization of local people who were frequently labeled as savages. In particular one can mention that Indians were often described as “cruel, barbarous and most treacherous people” (Takaki, 2008, p. 31). They were supposed to represent savagery and brutality, while colonizers symbolized civilization. Native Americans did not have complex governmental institutions and social divisions; this is one of the reasons why the English settlers viewed local people as inferiors. Furthermore, Native Americans had religious views that could not be tolerated by the settlers. They were deemed to be pagans who did not deserve redemption (Takaki, 2008, p. 41). On the whole, such labeling can be explained in different ways. First of all, this dehumanization could provide a moral justification for conquering and even slaughtering of Native Americans. The colonizers constructed their own image of the aboriginal people. They identified a set of negative traits and applied them to every individual who had different ethnic, racial, or religious origins. In this way, they tried to emphasize their alleged superiority over Native Americans. A very similar approach was adopted when English colonizers began to bring African slaves who were also denied the right to humanity. Moreover, it was even believed that slavery could help to civilize Africans. Again, such a description of other people served as a rational and moral justification of slavery, conquest, and cruelty. It should be noted that both Native Americans and Africans attempted to resist the colonizers. In particular, one can mention that the armed resistance; for instance, in 1622 some local tribes attempted to force colonists out and killed many of them (Takaki, 2008, p. 35). These attempts frequently resulted in the total war against local villages when practically every inhabitant could be killed (Takaki, 2008, p. 35). In contrast, Africans usually tried to resist the colonizers by running away from their owners. It was difficult for them to join their forces and openly resist the English settlers. Certainly, there were some exceptions, for instance, many black people took part in the rebellion of Nathaniel Bacon (Takaki, 2008, p. 64). There was two possible response to such actions, either severe corporal punishment or slaughter of rebels. Overall, this discussion shows that colo