ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Annotations Rose, D., Jones Bartoli, A., & Heaton, P. (2018). Learning a musical instrument can benefit a child with special educational needs. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain, 28 (2), 71-81. Web. This mixed methods study explored the effect of music learning on the IQ score, motor skills, and socio-emotional performance of a child with comorbidities – autism, ADHD, and dyslexia – compared to 38 typically developing learners. The subjects received music lessons (playing tenor horn) of up to three hours weekly at both school and home. Posttest results (after one year) indicated significant improvements in musical aptitude and IQ from the baseline. These findings suggest a positive impact of flexible instructional strategies, coupled with family support, on the learning outcomes of children with learning comorbidities. This source will be included in optimal testing and teaching methods for music education for learners with learning disabilities. I would want to compare the efficacy of different musical instruments or genres in improving IQ, motor skills, and socio-emotional outcomes in such children. Crawford, M. J., Gold, C., Odell-Miller, H., Thana, L., Faber, S., Assmus, J., Bieleninik, Ł., Geretsegger, M., Grant, C., Maratos, A., Sandford, S., Claringbold, A., McConachie, H., Maskey, M., Mössler, K. A., Ramchandani, P., & Hassiotis, A. (2017). International multicentre randomised controlled trial of improvisational music therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder: TIME-A study. Health Technology Assessment, 21 (59), 1-40. Web. This randomized control trial study investigated the impact of improvisational music therapy (IMT) on the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Enhanced standard care (ESC) – an hour-long sessions of counsel and guidance – was given to learners aged 4-7 years diagnosed with ASD and their parents randomized into low (one ESC period weekly) and high treatment (three ESCs weekly). No significant improvements were found between the two groups in social affect and responsiveness scores from the baseline, compared to standard care after a 5-month follow-up (Crawford et al., 2017). I will include this source in designing music therapy delivery for children with learning disabilities but will explore two key improvements: more regular sessions and individualized support. Colbert, T., & Bent, C. (Eds.). (2018). Working across modalities in the arts therapies: Creative collaborations . Routledge. This book gives in-depth insights into working collaboratively using creative art therapies, including music, as an intervention for children and adults affected by homelessness. It features Syrian refugee children with anorexia, and the positive effect of music therapy and dance on their mental health outcomes. Throughout its 13 chapters, the book documents therapeutic stories and collaboration examples that could be useful in designing effective partnerships with other practitioners in joint client interventions. It will be a valuable resource as evidence for the efficacy of colla
During the Umayyad period, the Arab conquest grew immensely. The prophet Muhammad had succeeded in uniting the tribes of Hijaz which were entirely Arabic. During the Umayyad period, Islam became a militant religion as Arabs expanded their territories by conquering neighboring Persian and Byzantine states. Between the period 635-641A.D, the Arabs gained possession of Persia, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt. All these conquests were due to the unity of three groups of Muslim believers. The groups were composed of the real believers of the teachings of the prophet, the Ummayads, and the non-Arab converts. The Umayyads were at the forefront of the Arab conquests. They hailed from the tribe of Quraysh from which Prophet Muhammad also belonged. The Ummayads had great regard for wealth, vast land and power. To them, the conquered alien was a means of rendering the land more productive. Although the conquered alien was allowed to choose between being converted to Islam or to pay the poll tax, the Umayyads discouraged conversion. (Lewis 23). They saw conversion as a threat to revenue which led Hajjaj b. Yusuf, the leader of the Umayyad, to unfairly impose taxes upon converts. It was the tyranny of the Umayyads that eventually led to their downfall and subsequent rise of the Abbasid Dynasty led by the Persians. One of the early achievement of the Abbasid Dynasty was that they subdued the rule of Arab minorities. Governance was modeled along with Persian interests whereby a minister was appointed as head of an executive arm of government. It was during the Abbasid dynasty that a party to uplift the face of the alien was formed. The party portrayed the Arabs as having been of lesser genealogy and that Persians performed better in various fields, e.g., science, literature etc.thoug
Kingsford is one of the product groups in Clorox portfolio. It is a key part of Clorox since it was observed to contribute about 10% of the revenues at Clorox, in the year 2000. The operations at Kingsford plant began in 1920, with the manufacture of charcoal briquettes from leftover wood scraps, from Henry Ford’s automobile factories, and then it was purchased by Clorox in 1973. The Clorox Company was founded in 1913. Its only product then was liquid bleach, but it has grown over the years to 50 products that are sold globally. The management of each of the product groups is assigned to brand team, which comprises of a manager and a few associates. The role of the brand team is to formulate the business strategies, perceive the consumer trends, coming up with advertising strategies, generating short-term predictions and assisting in the promotion of sales. Decision case The grilling market share that had been dominated by Kingsford for several decades is under threat due to the gradual shift of consumers from charcoal to gas. This has put tremendous pressure upon Kingsford, and especially its brand team, headed by Marcilie Smith Boyle and Allison Warren. It is the role of the brand team to come up with strategies that will allow the company to meet its financial targets, by addressing concerns pertaining to pricing, promotion, advertising and capacity. In order for Kingsford to increase its success, it needs to investigate ways to increase overall charcoal use among consumers as well as the sales of Kingsford. Kingsford has a majority market share, which means that difficulties in the category are reflected on Kingsford. Kingsford should consider how to increase sales of its product. This is necessary in order to maintain and increase their market share. Kingsford’s competitors, such as Royal Oak and private label brands increased their prices, and it is up to the brand team at Kingsford to determine whether they should follow the trend, and increase their prices as well. Another factor to be considered in order for Kingsford to achieve its financial targets pertains to production, in preparation for increased sales. If sales continue to grow over the next few years, the company will need to figure out what should be done to increase capacity. There are a few options th
Abstract Freedom of movement among the citizens of the European Union has taken a progressive and historical process. This began with workers in the steel and coal industry and progressed to the freedom of movement of all persons including ordinary citizens. This study is mainly concerned with the anti-discriminatory clause of the freedom of movement legislation. There were various forms of discrimination among the EU member states that rendered exercising of the legislation ineffective. The study explores the agenda behind the anti-discrimination directive, decision making process through to its implementation. The study also examines some of the controversies surrounding the implementation of this directive by the member states. In order to succeed in exercising these rights the EU member countries ought to pursue convergent and well harmonized strategies that match with EU policies. Introduction Free movement across the EU member states was founded upon the Maastricht accord, which like the Rome statute did not considers the legislative challenges of these EU affiliate countries in their social system. This brought a new political dimension to the already existing economic integration among the EU member states. Each and every citizen of the EU affiliate states automatically gains EU citizenship but still retain their national citizenship. On the other hand, EU citizenship increases the economic benefits to the citizens of the EU member’s states as stipulated in the treaty 1 . Maastricht treaty gives EU citizens right to enjoy within the scale of the treaty the same treatment in the law regardless of the nationality. For that reason, EU citizenship has increased the rights of the persons within the EU member states considerably. EU court of justice ruled that citizens of the EU are eligible to live in any state as citizens, consequently the EU citizenship gives citizens of the EU member states right to move freely across the these countries 2 . In the EU, the policy for free movement of people is mainly associated with labor mobi
Benefits and problems with sex surveys Sex surveys are done so that an individual can compare his/her sexual experiences with other people who are also involved in the surveys. Sex surveys are meant for educational purposes and to study issues of sex that affect society. The surveys are done in newspapers, on the internet, in magazines, and by professional organizations. Except for the professional organizations, the results posted by the other pollsters are mostly erroneous. This is because the surveys are done within a defined sample rather than an all-inclusive sample with variable opinions. “A number of studies have since shown that volunteers tend to be more sexually experienced, sensation seeking, and unconventional, and to have more relaxed sexual attitudes and behaviors than those of recruited from the general population,” ( Dunne, 1997; Copas, et al, 1997). In addition, interviewees tend to give peculiar behaviors that they necessarily do not practice. For instance, the findings on gay practice could be misleading given the conservative motives of samples towards anti-social behaviors. Another problem associated with sex surveys is the fact that samples involved could have no understanding of terms used in the surveys; for example, the meaning of heterosexual, bisexual or masturbation. Most sex surveys are run by firms dealing in other products and the motives of the surveys are for marketing of their primary products. It is highly unlikely that the questionnaires used are based upon any credible observation. They are not approved by any ethical body. In most cases, the surveys are never analyzed properly and compared with previous surveys. This makes it difficult for the sex surveys to feature in peer-reviewed journals that continually give an argument in a given line of thought and trends. In any meaningful research, first there is a review of existing literature on a topic; in this case, sex surveys. Then based on the shortcomings of a preceding study, a study then establishes the truth using an appropriate methodology. All these research basics are not used in most sex surveys and results are therefore not reflective of the real situation at the grassroots. Fenton et al , (2001) note that, “A key challenge for
Public health is one of the domains that will always remain topical. Though new information shapes public health policies regularly, its principles remain comparatively the same. In Public health principles and neurological disorders, the first chapter of Neurological disorders: public health challenges , the members of the WHO provides an overview of the basic notions that will be discussed throughout the book and specify the healthcare service methods for neurological disorders in particular. The WHO opens the chapter by offering definitions of key terms and concepts. Particularly, the author defines the goal of public health, which is facilitating the environment in which the conditions for all people to be healthy could be provided, and provides an overview of public health history, paying special attention to the 1980s breakthrough, i.e., public health specialists addressing the issues of poverty, inequity, and education. According to the WHO, however, the public health domain requires improvement. To be more exact, the awareness of public health significance must be raised globally. Despite the numerous international projects launched by the WHO, the issue still remains unresolved. The key limitation of the present-day epidemiology is that statistical data alone does not allow for reducing the cost-efficiency ratio. The problem has been addressed with the launch of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) being a measurement unit for neurological disorders (WHO, 2006, p. 10). Making it obvious that successful health promotion requires the cooperation between healthcare services and government, WHO puts a very strong emphasis on the significance of health promotion for neurological disorders. The efficacy of the given solution, however, can be doubted. The globalization process admittedly helps to spread awareness about health issues and disease prevention; however, in some states, health services must be upgraded to international standards first. Disease prevention, as the WHO states, is the key goal of public health services. Split into the primary, secondary, and tertiary stages of prevention, this process is often compared to the rehabilitation stage. The latter, however, is related to the post-treatment stage and concerns the aftereffects of disease treatment. WHO makes it clear that defining health risks is the first step towards developing a cohesive disease prevention strategy. The casual chain of events leading to a disease or disorder development is analyzed, each factor being considered separately. The prevention strategies themselves traditionally fall into two major categories, which are high-risk (a narrow approach) and population-based methods (the approach involving more participants and designed to address a large proportion of people) (WHO, 2006, p. 12). WHO also contemplates on the definition of health policy and the process of healthcare services provision, paying special attention to the classification of the latter (primary, secondary, and tertiary care). Finally, the issues of disability and rehabilitation
According to the story, Rapunzel was taken away from her mother by a witch immediately after her birth. The justification for this is that the girl’s mother had eaten a Rapunzel from the witch’s farm. However, Rapunzel grew up as a loving beautiful girl. When she was thirteen years old, the witch devised more strategic ways of hiding her from her mother. She managed it by hiding her in a high tower only one small hole to let in air so that no one could reach her. Whenever the old witch visited Rapunzel, she would command Rapunzel to throw her hair down so that she could use it as a climbing rope (Oracle Think Quest, n.d, para. 6). One day, as a prince was passing by, she heard a melodious voice coming from the tower. At first, the prince experienced some difficult tracing where the voice was coming from. Fortunately, she succeeded when he saw the witch climbing the tower by the help of the girl’s hair (Oracle Think Quest, n.d, para. 5). Later on, the prince came back in the evening and asked Rapuunzel to throw her hair down so that he could climb up to her. From that day on, Rapunzel and the prince began a new life together. Upon realizing what was going on, the
Introduction Household waste products lie in the category of the non-hazardous waste, which includes food products, product containers, fruit peels, wrapping papers, plastic shopping bags, and other wastes that can be recycled. The term non-hazardous refers to the household wastes that do not meet certain set measures and levels of causing harm to the environment, health and life in the surroundings. However, these household wastes have negative effects on the environment, health, and cause negative impacts to any living organisms in the surrounding. Since these organic wastes will nevertheless, decay and decompose, the decomposing mass becomes good breeding grounds for most bacteria and fungi, which poses a serious health threat to human life. Environmentally, rotting food products changes the ecosystem by affecting the eating habits of the surrounding animals. Problems associated with large amount of household waste Large amounts of household wastes pose major problems especially when they have accumulated to high levels and the systems of waste management are poor. The type of waste disposal adapted for the household waste disposal determines whether the problems occurring from the accumulation of the waste continues or not. According to Lewis, “…poorly designed or poorly managed landfills create a number of adverse environmental impacts including windblown litter and attraction of vermin” (2007, p.36). This problem is mainly experienced in the urban settings especially in developing countries where plastic shopping bags and wrapping papers are highly used. Winds blowing normally car
Even though six sigma and TQM are efficient apparatus for quality management, they have a number of differences. Six Sigma is a management plan initially designed by Motorola Company to develop the quality of production by recognizing and eliminating causes of failures. It was also designed to reduce inconsistencies in the production process. The process was established by Bill Smith in the early 1920’s. on the other hand, Total Quality Management is a long-term effort made by workers to ensure customer satisfaction. It was developed by Deming, Juran, and Feigenbaum in the early 1920’s. Six sigma is not only designed for quality control, but also to improve customer satisfaction by reducing shortages. It also defines and improves production processes. This management plan can be used to assess the root cause of a setback and establish appropriate solutions. Conversely, TQM applies plan, data, and efficient communications to incorporate quality control into the culture and processes of a company. Six sigma has many methodologies including DMAIC, DMADV, and the 5Whys. A DMAIC plan method has five segments. The first step is the definition of the problem, customers’ demands, and project objectives. The second phase is to measure the main characteristics of the present process and gather relevant information. The third phase of DMAIC is the study of data followed by improving the present process depending on data analysis. The last phase is to control future processes as this will solve any problem which deviates from a company’s target. DMADV project methodology also has five stages. The first phase is to define goals that are in line with the requirements of consumer project strategy. The second phase is to measure and recognize CTQ’s, product potentiality and dangers. Third step involves the analysis to create options. This is followed by designing details which involves the optimization and preparation for design authentication. The last step is to verify the design, execute production procedures, and present it to the proprietors of the process. In TQM, the customer establishes the level of quality. All the workers are also required to take part in the processes aimed at achieving objectives. It majorly focuses on the production thinking. This process involves a planned and systematic approach to attain an organization’s objectives. The main driving force of Total Quality Management is continual process enhancement. It provides viable solutions for improvement and effective competition. The process of Six Sigma depends on the “5 Whys.” This exercise starts with a statement of the setback followed by the identification of the root cause. Arguably, the 5 iterations of “Why” establishes the main cause of the setback. Six Sigma has a number of functions. For instance, senior managers are accountable for establish
Nursing is a fundamental practice in every country. The quality of nursing determines the nature of care availed to every citizen. The IOM offers some useful recommendations and goals towards improving the quality of healthcare (Sharma & Romas, 2011). One of the IOM’s recommendations is “to increase the number of nurses with baccalaureate degrees to 80 per cent by 2020” (Sharma & Romas, 2011, p. 3). Nurses and caregivers should pursue such degrees. The practice will make them competent and skilled to provide quality support and care to their patients. The practice will also reduce the current shortage of caregivers and physicians in the country. Having such a degree will make me a competent provider of evidence-based care. The other goal is to double the current number of nurses with doctorate degrees by 2020. Our country has a small number of nurses with such qualifications. The situation also explains many people receive poor healthcare services. This goal seeks to improve the quality of care in the country. Every patient in the country wi
Strengths   * Before deciding to outsource its Information Technology (IT) systems, GlobShop’s resource pool was characterized by around “300 IT employees across the 10 regions” (Ranganathan et al., 2007, p. 442).   * The IT Department had competent IT professionals and personnel.   * The proposed and implemented centralized system consolidated resources and maximized the level of standardization.   * The leaders utilized the acquired profits and resources to introduce new value-additions for IT at the domestic level.   * The model delivered plug-and-play resources for effective IT management.   * The outsourcing decision from Indo-Systems Solutions (ISS) resulted in the development of a scalable and well-educated IT team that used the just-in-time philosophy to meet GlobShop’s business goals.   * The established partnership between GlobShop and ISS became a new opportunity for acquiring additional gains, including an internal website and effective processes for pursuing infrastructure tasks. Weaknesses   * The regional IT units and segments functioned independently.   * The department’s original IT model was vulnerable and unsustainable.   * The created IT system was operating in a “managing-by-wandering around model” (Ranganathan et al., 2007, p. 442). This weakness forced GlobShop to consider offshoring its IT strategy to an Indian vendor.   * The established IT relationship with ISS proved costly.   * The internal IT department had little roles to play for GlobShop.   * The development or outcome would affect this organization’s future IT strategies and goals after the termination of the offshoring partnership. Opportunities   * The presence of offshoring companies in Asia was an opportunity for GlobShop’s IT department to identify the best business partner.   * The workers at the company had adequate skills and competencies in the area of IT.   * The global community was focusing on new models and systems that would support business operations through the power of continuous research and development (R&D) and innovation.   * Many customers in GlobShop’s business segment preferred the use of online-based systems to achieve their goals (Ranganathan et al., 2007).   * The advancements in IT were becoming a new opportunity for more companies, such as GlobShop, to continue pursuing their goals efficiently.   * The financial resources ploughed back at the organization can prepare it for future operations and business aims (Şahin & Topal, 2018).   * More people were acquiring new concepts and ideas and IT. The company would incur reduced costs while trying to attract compete people to meet the demands of more customers. Threats   * The IT department lacked its functional IT systems and resources.   * The decision to outsource such services could threaten future performance and sustainability   * The department did not have a strategy for expanding its IT roles (Ranganathan et al., 2007).   * Chances of hacking and access to confidential information or dat