ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Biological Theory This theory takes a close look at the human biological features that predispose a person to a crime. This is done through various studies comparing twins. One study compared 274 adult twins. It looks at different areas of a person’s behavior. This includes nervous systems, personality and temperament, neuropsychological abnormalities, and physiological factors. Based on all these parameters, a person can commit a crime because of many things. For example, some people have irritability levels that are hard to control when hurt. This way, they commit crimes in the name of seeking revenge or responding to a previous hurt. Other people may have judgment levels that make them react poorly in cases of hurt feelings. It is also possible that the general body physique of a person contributes significantly to his interactions. People with big bodies feel indispensable and may be irrational and violent at times (Greene et al. 2006). Sociological Theory This theory argues that the social set up of a person may contribute to crime affiliations. The approach divides the basis from which this can happen into two: structural and subcultural. In a society where people are not fully economically empowered, cases of violence are rampant. This is because this breeds frustration emanating from too much idle time. According to the subcultural explanation, the theory says that people may have specific values and traditions that fall in the minority. This means that there is a dominant cultural affiliation, which seems to demean the minor one. The people may have sentiments that emanate from the fact that they feel like second afte
Introduction In essence, language is one of the most critical aspects of human interaction because is the core determinant of communication. Whereas language is viewed as an important component of communications, it is considered as a cultural tool. In many aspects, language is used to differentiate the cultural heritage of certain groups to another since it determines how people relate and conduct their daily chores (Amery, 2013). Some of the languages, however, are affected by the overwhelming prevalence of other upcoming languages. As a result, they either become extinct or vestigial since they have few speakers. In that regard, it is important to revitalize the language in order to maintain its existence. As such, this discussion seeks to make a framework and a detailed plan to show how the Mi’kmaq Language can be revived among speakers. Project Choice is the Mi’kmaq Language Nest Program In order to revitalize a language and revive its prevalence among speakers in a society, there are two pertinent methods that can be used to achieve the latter. First, the involved personnel can apply the use of Language Nest Program. The second alternative involves the application of a Language Apprentice Program. These two techniques are used objectively to help in the revitalization and revival of a nearly extinct or completely inexistent. While there are two options to choose, this paper seeks to apply the Language Nest Program in order to undertake the revitalization of the program in the university. A language nest revitalization program can be viewed as an approach based on immersion technique in order to strengthen the use of the language in question. In essence, immersion of language is a technique applied to train a second language whereby the classroom instructions and directions are given to students using the second language. In that regard therefore, students acquire skills in subjects, such as mathematics, social studies, and sciences, in their second language. This is considered as a strong technique when it comes to fostering bilingualism. As such, it is mean to build the learners competence when it comes to the use of language with proficiency. This implies that they can use the second language alongside the first one in order to build diversity in the society as far as language is concerned. Evidently, the propagation of bilingualism is an important factor in education especially when it comes to the cognition of students learning. In practical sense, the language nest immersion-based programs vary from one locality to another according to the designers and the objectives intended. It also varies with regards to th
Introduction Zero Trust Infrastructure, also know as Zero Trust Network is a security concept and threat model that advocates for the verification of all internal and external connections to a network or system. It assumes that systems, services, and actors linked with a certain network cannot be automatically trusted. An service that operates within the security perimeter has potential for breach, and therefore, should be verified in order to be granted access. This concept was developed in 2010 by John Kindervag, an analyst at Forrester Research Inc. However, it is not as widely applied as it should be, considering the current increase in cyber attacks. Moreover, the cost of breaches to businesses is very high. In that regard, a Zero Trust model would mitigate the aforementioned challenges. It is based on four main principles, namely threats come from both internal and external sources, micro-segmentation, “never trust, always verify”, and least privileged access. Zero Trust is not a type of continuous authentication. However, numerous concepts of the security mode are incorporated into its structure. Four Core Principles One of the core principles of Zero Trust Infrastructure is the idea that threats originate from both internal and external sources. Traditionally, security models have always focused on the perimeter of an organization, with the aim of barring entry to external users and services (Dotson, 2019). This approach assumes that people inside the organization are safe and could not launch attacks. In that regard, the organization places less effort on verification protocols and issue detection within the system’s firewall. This style increases the risk of internal breaches. Micro-segmentation involves the segmentation of internal areas of the organization from open access (Gilman & Barth, 2017). For example, the sales division could have access only to the information they need and denied access to other company data such as HR and accounting. Least privileged access refers to the act of limiting users within a department to the information that they need to complete their tasks (Dotson, 2019). The type of access to the system is determined by a user’s roe in the organization. This lowers the risk of breach, and the amount of damage that could be done in case a hacker impersonates a user within the organization (Gilman & Barth, 2017). Finally, never trust, always verify is a principle that promotes the Zero Trust approach. It is important for the identity and access level of every user to be verified (Dotson, 2019). This style tightens the security of the system and increases the chance of stopping a security breach before sensitive inf
Abstract: The environments and culture of a country are the major aspects that influence business and people’s readiness to get involved in one. The following paper will focus on the development of businesses and corporations worldwide and how it has created a market that is property and rights oriented. Turkey will be the main focus of the business environment in relation to the UAE’s product. Intellectual property rights Also, as there is a lot of scheming and fraud that governments and private companies have to develop protection for in a form of copyrights and patents, intellectual property rights and ethical considerations will be examined. Not only are there ownership rights for products and physical property but also, for ideas and potential goals, plans and strategies. An idea is worth much more than the finished product because it is the basis for all production. But there is also the matter of usage of already existing material and the contracts that are drawn up by companies to make a profit. Often, these contracts come with a pricy tag and are thought to be unfair by people who want to use information available to the public. The environment has become very efficient for opening and operating in Turkey. Because the soil for development is becoming very rich with possibilities, the economy is estimated to grow exponentially. Tourism, shopping and the culture itself are very alluring to people and potential businesses, so the UAE’s jewelry business would be very much accepted and demanded by the growing economy. The federal capital Abu Dhabi, the center of UAE has a lot of dealings with Turkey, so it would be very progressive to align businesses and establish contracts and ventures ( Doing business with the United Arab Emirates , 2006). Political ideology Turkey is a unique place that has its own qualities of life and business expectations. ARJMST Jewellery of the UAE is one of the most famous products, thus it must be carefully and legally protected from any illegal copies or idea “borrowing” ( ARJMST, 2007). Even though there are differences present between the two nations, but mutual businesses unite environments and cultures for reciprocal beneficial future. This has led to a significant increase of migrants, who are developing and contributing to the nation. This resulted in the rise of many projects within Turkey, including infrastructure, residential construction, education and manufacture. It is considered a “rising star” among other countries in Europe, thus the need for patents and proper business conductions has grown geometrically (Dereligil, 2013). The establishment of companies involved in sales and services created opportunities for business to move into the region and expand their success. The communication systems and internet have aided in the coordination of businesses and people’s involvement in small companies and corporations. Stability of government Security and stability of the environment have been at a constant incre
Introduction Socioeconomic status is the factor that plays an important role in the formation of social opinions and stereotypes. The influence of the class on various aspects of life is mentioned in the work by Gimenez who focuses on the issues of women’s poverty and compares different concepts. The terminology used by the author confirms that feminism as one of the social trends has a significant influence on the formation of Gimenez’s ideas and her notions of inequality. Social classes play an essential role in people’s lives and influence gender and health, creating stereotyped opinions regarding opportunities and human rights. Impact of Class on Gender Gimenez considers the concept of poverty and argues that women’s poverty is more likely than men’s. The inability of some women to provide for themselves and perform hard work can lead to the lack of funds for living. Also, such an idea as gender poverty is offered by the author. Regardless of how much a person can make efforts to achieve success, gender inequality, according to Gimenez, will manifest itself. Therefore, feminism received a great role in the author’s work and is one of the key concepts of her book. The feminization of poverty is not the only theory that the author uses to confirm her words. She gives graphical tables showing the percentage of poverty, depending on gender and age. According to this information, older women are more likely to experience a lack of money. Young men, on the contrary, are the most successful category in terms of the possibility of high earnings. Moreover, all the data are presented in strict accordance with the results of the study, which makes it possible to evaluate seriously conducted work. All these statements allow finding the relationship between social class and gender. Impact of Class on Health The social class inherently affects health and, as Gimenez notes, from the position of women, the situation is less favorable than from the position of men. Sexism, which manifests itself in everyday life, is also relevant in medicine. Access to the services of various doctors is often determined by social status, and preference can be given not to those who need care but to those who are willing to pay more money. The author conducts a relationship between gender, social status, and health and argues that the status of women is disadvantaged. Work in the health sector is also based on social stereotypes. According to
Introduction Financing education from K-12 to institutions of higher learning has become an issue of major concern to the government and other stakeholders around the world. The cost of funding this process at the various levels has risen steadily in the recent past. The development is affected significantly by the economic fluctuations in the global market. As a result, stakeholders need to identify the sources of revenue in the sector. Different strategies aimed at creating sources of income to fund education have been advanced in the past. According to Zhao (2001), financial support has led to crises in various learning institutions around the world. The most affected entities are colleges and universities (Barr & McClellan, 2011). Financing education is associated with a wide range of pressures, ranging from a broadened socio-economic mix of students to increasing financial stringency. To address these growing and compounded pressures, many institutions have adopted education policies focused on enhancing efficiency. Also, tapping into new and diverse resources to finance learning has become the norm. As a result, the sources of funds in this sector are diverse (Barr & McClellan, 2011). In this study, the author will review the various sources of revenue concerning higher education. A total of six scholarly journal articles are used to provide the information needed for this analysis. It is noted that the sources of revenue impact variously on higher learning. In light of this, the author seeks to determine the nature of funding and its impact on this form of education. Also, the future of education financing is analyzed. To this end, recommendations for this future financial support are provided. Federal, State, and Local Government Allocations as Sources of Revenue for Education Federal, state, and local allocations have more impacts on higher education compared to other sources of income. In their article, Ehrenberg (2003) argues that funding from the various levels of government is usually sourced from taxes. State tax funds are normally appropriated annually or biennially by legislatures to fund institutions of higher learning. Also, government support includes local tax levies, federal grants, and contracts to purchase institutional services. Others entail state appropriation of tax funds to support learning operations (Alexander, 2001). Governments invest in education to develop a highly-skilled workforce capable of competing globally. For example, according to Speck (2010), federal government appropriations accounted for 9% of the overall investment in K-12 and early childhood education between 2006 and 2008. State and local funding covered the remaining amount with appropriations worth 46% and 45%, respectively. Ehrenberg (2003) agrees with Speck (2010) by asserting that the government promotes education throug
In a world threatened by challenges, the UN together with other responsive States, see the urgency of providing their intervention. Cases of human security have dominated the debates, and civilians in vulnerable situations demand protection from such dangers (Tadjbakhsh & Chenoy 2007, p. 185). Some academicians argue that preventing such dangers is paramount than just protecting the endangered citizens. Conversely, a different group of scholars and stakeholders propose a need to explore the causes of these risks. This paper, therefore, compares MacArthur’s, and Janzekovic’s approaches to these challenges. According to MacArthur, issues of Human security emerged after the end of the Cold war when states affiliated on either side crumbled, and domestic conflicts broke up prompting the need to protect such vulnerable citizens. On the other hand, Janzekovic point that human security came to the front in 1990s after the failure of UN and other countries to stop genocide in Rwanda and massacres in Bosnia. Furthermore, prevention as a strategy of Responsibility to Protect (R2P), in Janzekovic’s theory, is mandated to stop the conflict, respond to it, and reconstructs the country afterwards. In such, MacArthur asserts that protection is only directed at the civilian at that moment of war and is not prevention. She further adds causes of such conflicts are not investigated in order to avoid another conflict. For example, this was witnessed in US led invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan. In addition, MacArthur observes other forms of securities, for example, food, environmental waste and economic securities that are directly connected with citizens. This, therefore, calls for those who intervene to consider security through meaningful development and not just weapons, for example, in Darfur where rebels were being armed. MacArthur further argues that human security should target at the physical well being of the citizen to facilitate implementation of other policies. This goes to saying that security is not only limited to conflicts, but there are security issues like poverty, diseases and environmental ruin that are posing threats to countries and citizens. Therefore, inability to deal with these issues results in failure to comprehend the causes of the conflict (MacArthur 2008, p. 424). Alternatively, Janzekovic notes that in averting abuse of human rights, then preventive action should achieve three objectives namely to stop any outbreak of clashes, to stop continued clashes to other parts and stop clashes from re-occurring. All these preventive measures are supported by certain essential standards that involve investigating and resolving the deep causes of the clashes, reacting early enough before an outbreak of conflict and eradicating the dangers that can contribute to another conflict. Janzekovic’s approach is, therefore, to examine only the causes of the aggressive clashes in order to prevent another repeat. He does not delve on other human rights insecurities, for example, poverty, mass migration, joblessness, and ethnicity that causes dissatisfaction among citizens. For example, the struggles for oil fields that h
In the present-day world, more and more often national economies find themselves facing factors of globalization that change the landscape of business and employment. Despite its recognition as a phenomenon of growing importance, globalization remains debatable in terms of its impact on economies, societies, and politics. Employment is an area where determining the effects of globalization is particularly challenging. On the one hand, globalization negatively affects domestic employment markets as it undermines the competition by bringing in an external workforce. On the other hand, globalization positively affects the job market as it redistributes the offerings, thus providing more homogenization. Both of these opposite views can be supported by the phenomenon of foreign direct investment (FDI). As a feature of globalization, FDI is a controversial result of markets’ global integration. Researchers stress that the effects of FDI on employment require extensive study. A practical project involving local businesses is the best way to collect and analyze necessary data to address the issues of the effects of FDI. The audience for the proposal is a granting agency. The members of the committee need to be persuaded to fund the proposed project. For this purpose, the project’s relevance needs to be explained through describing the project’s goals and implementation and demonstrating who will benefit from this project. The granting agency representatives are likely to be interested in the project’s strong theoretical basis as well as evidence of practical application and justification of research methods. What should be emphasized before the committee is the project’s theoretical value (contribution to the understanding of the effects of FDI on employment in general) and practical significance expressed in the form of assistance to local businesses. Also, it should be stressed that the project will benefit the local community as it will improve the labor market and inspire businesses to contribute to the well-being of the community within which they operate. The project strives to leverage the effects of FDI on unemployment by applying the trade model developed by Schmerer. There are three steps. First, the local economic environment will be examined for labor trends. In particular, local companies will be surveyed for their willingness to adopt the suggested model. Second, the data will be analyzed to identify the areas with the highest potential of increasing FDI favorability. Third, the developed model will be presented to local businesses for implementation. This approach will allow taking indirect control of the positive effects of FDI. What is especially valuable about the project is that the implementation will generate observable short-term results. If the results are positive effects, it will increase the interest in the suggested model and reinforce the motivation for its further implementation. However, the project is expected to have long-term results as well, as it will contribute to the development of the local market and the community. Implementation of the project, includi