ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Anthropology uses a variety of methods to investigate people’s way of life. Nowadays, researchers began to use garbage as a source of information about people, their habits, economic status, entertainment preferences, and even political convictions. The refuses became the object of the scientific research of Garbology, a new branch of Anthropology. The Analysis of My Daily Refuses For a week, I have been recording all my refuses. The analysis of the records allowed determining which products I usually consume. My consumer preferences can describe me and my character rather profoundly. First of all, you can see in my records that I have wasted a lot of packages of sweets, candies, and chocolate. It is not surprising as I have liked them since childhood. If you take a closer look, you can see that I prefer milk chocolate. Then, you can notice that I have not wasted a lot of packages of the usual daily food products, apart from tea, coffee, and fruits. This fact shows that I do not cook by myself. Furthermore, it makes clear the fact that I have enough money to pay for the dishes from cafes. Secondly, you can see in my refuses record that I have used a lot of paper. I like writing, and the r
The authors of the article in question put forth the idea that leadership is of great importance in every area of organizational performance because of its far-reaching impact on objective accomplishment and overall growth. In their study, Amofa et al. (2016) explored the impact of leadership styles on organizational productivity by using the case of Ghana Cement Limited. Through effective leadership, it is possible to establish a clear organizational structure that will link the way in which managers lead and the way in which employees engage in their work (Metwally et al., 2019). Therefore, improving the performance and productivity of teams within organizations is not about working harder but rather about working smarter through positive interactions between leaders and workers. The researchers used a combination of convenience and purposive sampling for qualitative and quantitative data collection, which resulted in a sample of forty participants. Based on the interviews with Ghana Cement Limited workers, the findings showed that leadership was a crucial component of the high performance of employees (Amofa et al., 2016). It was also revealed that the style of leadership that considered the involvement of subordinates in the decision-making process was the one that worked. Besides, the researchers found that positive leadership could enhance competencies and relations, thus also facilitating an improvement of employee output. Therefore, good leadership allows for building an overall favorable organizational culture to increase the competitive advantage of every company by making its employees effective and efficient (Amofa et al., 2016). The more welcoming a leadership style is to employees’ participation and opinions, the higher the likelihood of fostering a climate in which workers feel motivated to show high levels of performance. There are several pros and cons to the study that should be mentioned. In terms of the positive sides of the article, it has an easy-to-follow structure and the breakdown of findings based on specific research questions developed at the beginning of the paper. In addition, before providing the findings, the researchers offer a literature review that explores the topic of leadership, including the major theories and approaches. There is also a section on how productivity changes within organizations that have different approaches to leadership and work structures. Notably, high productivity is always correlated to the high quality of work rather than the number of inputs. Another advantage of the article is that it presents findings in a graph format, making it easier for readers to conceptualize them and assign visual meanings; for each of the research questions, there is a bar chart available. Finally, at the end of the article, the authors provide four points of recommendation for GHACEM Limited as to how the organization can improve its leadership to make employees more productive in the long run. On the downside, even though the research article was published in 2016, it contains multiple o
Introduction: Sleeping as an Active Brain Exercise There is hardly anything as important for a human body as sleeping. Allowing a human body to recover from hard work and putting the information obtained in the course of the day in order, sleep is the organism function that cannot be replaced by any sort of rest. However, the amount of the time which is best to spend for sleep is quite questionable. While the established norm of sleep length remains eight hours, some people tend to sleep considerably more, stretching their period of organism recovery to more than nine hours, which raises the question whether oversleeping or the lack of sleep have drastic effect on the human body and mind or whether an hour over or under the established norm of sleep can be considered an acceptable deviation. However, according to certain researches conducted on the issue of sleeping, a nine-hour sleep or even longer periods of rest can have negative effects on people’s health, causing numerous health problems. Although everything that goes below or above the norm does not seem to have good effect, especially when it comes to such issues as human organism, individual specifics of human body should also be taken into account when dealing with the problem of sleep. Therefore, the individual factor must also be taken into consideration when dealing with the given issue. Whether a nine-hour sleep or even more time spent sleeping can cause harmful effects and lead to drastic effects can be the pivoting point for raising the norm for sleeping from eight to nine hours and more. Quality Instead of Quantity: Reducing the Sleeping Time The idea that a man should sleep no more than eight hours has been dominating the field of somnology for a considerably long time; moreover, it is still believed that eight hours are the ultimate decision for those who have decided to lead a healthy lifestyle and get rid of diseases. However, whether the idea has aged well is yet to be seen; the fact that a man needs strictly eight hours of nightly rest could have worn out its welcome already, which is which is required to check the veracity of the eight-hours idea. However, there are certain obstacles for the eight-hour regime to be considered the ultimate amount of time for healthy sleeping regime. According to the results of the research held by Gangwisch, Malaspina, Boden-Albala, & Heymsfield (2005), the lack of sleep and obesity are related; moreover, sleep deprivation triggers the weight gain, as the researchers claim: “Subjects who got 2 to 4 hours of sleep per night at baseline gained the most weight over the follow-up period, while subjects who got 10 or more hours of sleep gained the least weight” (1295). However, it can be argued that in the given study, the gap between the group who slept longer and the ones who had a short sleep was great – while the latter had their ten-hour sleep, the amount of hours for the former to sleep was reduced to
The epigenetics of high fructose corn syrup at a molecular level may be explained under several principles, but two of many principles seem to be the major ones. The energy intake and its expenditure regulations are the key determinants of the epigenetics of high fructose in the body. This single most principle of energy intake and expenditure integrates with other important molecular processes, especially that of transportation and concentration of substrates over or across tissues and/or tissue membranes. Normally, the proper functioning of the body cells depends on the maintaining of an optimal concentration of the blood sugars, which includes fructose, glucose, and galactose. The role and functions of maintaining the optimal stabilized blood sugar level are designated to certain body organs such as the kidney and the liver which deals mostly with the regulation of glucose in the blood. The tissues of these two body organs play an important role in producing and exportation of glucose, hence, keeping a stable blood sugar level. Increasing or decreasing the amount of glucose concentration level in the blood, directly affects the concentration of fructose in blood, since they all act as determinants of the overall blood concentration (Johnson and Timothy 125) In this case, high fructose corn syrup in the body may result from the dysfunction of metabolic processes of monosaccharide glucose or fructose molecules. Any activity or substance that would affect negatively the phosphorylation of fructose, hence, preventing the fructose molecules from entering into the phosphorylation process would lead to the high concentration of fructose in the blood tissues. This will mostly happen especially when the production process of the enzyme fructokinase or the enzyme itself is altered such that it cannot initiate the metabolic reactions of fructose. While we recognize the liver tissues as the site where large quantities of energy are produced, and the site where fructokinase activities take place, high fructose concentration occurs at the portal blood tissues due to dysfunction of the tissues of the liver which are accountable and responsible for the role of fructose removal that allows the uptake of it from the gut membrane tissues (Cox, Doudna, and O’Donnell 46). In the liver tissues and cells, high fructose concentrations will be realized when blockage or alteration of the glycolytic process after consumption of large quantities of fructose-containing foods. When glycolytic processes are thwarted at the liver tissues, this prevents the utilization of fructose in the promotion of the synthesis of fats. The failure of the synthetic process to produce its final products related to the utilization of fructose in the body ultimately leads to an increased concentration of fructose in the blood tissues in circulation. It implies that a high level of fructose substrate would be made
Introduction In Christianity life, doing good at all times is an obligation that is expected of all its followers. Jesus Christ who is regarded as the founder of Christianity told his disciples to go all over the world and spread the gospel. After his death, his disciples started preaching as their leader had told them in Jerusalem that is found in the Modern day Palestine region. The reason why Christianity was easily accepted in many parts of the world was the fact that it taught that all people are equal before our Heavenly Father. Ethical theory According to Rosenstand (2008) Christians has to maintain good morals towards each other as well as to other people who are non Christians. He points out that all our actions and thoughts have to conform to a rational principle. He has noted that some people are very irrational and this has been their own undoing. Therefore, he recommends that people should have a set mind on what they do to avoid negative results befalling them. Basing on his arguments, Christians should learn that they should depend on the Creator since He has the will and the ability to protect them from any harmful things that are associated with the devil. In his discussion of morality, Rosenstand observes that human beings have a tendency to ignore what has been set for them to do and as a result do the opposite. This leads to a lot of conflict between the people involved. Therefore, Christians who are regarded as the light of the world should be at the fore front in encouraging people to do what is right while shunning evil and other related acts. In business, he notes that sellers are at times not sincere to their customers by way of selling to them sub standards goods or selling goods at an inflated price rather than the recommended one. To him the sellers are not acting morally. In the Christian life the Ten Commandments are used as a guide in their day to day living. Therefore, Christians are not supposed to take advantage of others who do not have information on certain things to defraud them of their resources. The Bible teaches that all the wrong doers will be punished when Lord Jesus comes to take away his people. This day is referred to as the judgment day. What would Jesus do? In my view I think that the adage “What would Jesus do?” has the idea of a flawed ethical system in it. This is because the world has turned to be a very dangerous place to live because of calamities, wars, and even terminal illnesses. In addition people are no longer caring about the welfare of others. Jesus said that we should love our neighbors as we love ourselves. Therefore, the adage wonders if Jesus was in the midst of us, what he would have done since he is considered as a Superior being. Conclusion In the modern day world people are no longer behaving like they used to be in the past. The world has become a global village and therefore culture exchange is very much possible. Some of the cultures exchanged affect both the Christians and the non Christians. That is the reason why we have Chris
Introduction The sea, as the great power of nature, has always attracted authors, who embodied various stories in their literary works. People admire the sea, and they listen to the sound of the surf as a part of nature that simultaneously frightens and attracts by its beauty, strength, and unpredictability. The sea is an element that is rather difficult for a person to obey, and only strong and courageous people can fight it. The theme of the struggle between a man and the sea as the power of nature can be traced even in the ancient literature, drawing on the example of Odysseus challenges and Poseidon, the formidable ruler of the seas. This paper aims at interpreting Washington Irving’s The Voyage based on the concept of nature and its role in the novel. Although the sea power is great and everlasting, it allows the protagonist to realize his life through the prism of stories told by the crew members and the historical context of that time, thus reflecting on the significance of his own life and the connection between America and England. The Sea as Continual Reverie The image of the sea in The Voyage is largely associated with the continual reverie of a person about life. The author of the novel states that “it makes us conscious of being cast loose from the secure anchorage of settled life, and sent adrift upon a doubtful world” (Irving 14). Indeed, it seems that the author reasons the role of the journey on a larger scale, yet navigation in this literary piece is the main way of traveling and its integral part. The sea invariably places all the diversity of nature near the main character and opens his eyes to the thrill of life to promote wise expediency, grandeur, and harmony. The beauty of the sea and his native land as the rep
Introduction The film that I consider to contain similar theme as the ones in King Lear film is the movie tilted About Schmidt . Some of the most noted themes in both the movies include justice, loyalty, family conflicts and power struggles. It is clear that both the film directors have used these themes in order to develop the plot of the respective movies and, at the same time, be in a position of expressing the ethical teachings to the respective viewers. Similar themes in the movie King Lear and About Schmidt The theme of power is directly explored in the film About Schmidt when the main character Warren R. Schmidt is so much determined in adopting a young Tanzanian boy (Ndugu Umbo), and thus, he makes sure that the young African boy receives the very best care that he can get, especially after he retires from his position as an actuary with a leading insurance company. The adoption of Ndugu Umbo is a sign that he tries to escape from the reality and accord himself some duties that will make him be in a position of power (Begley 40 -53). While in the film King Lear, the theme power is depicted when the three daughters of King Lear struggle to appease their father King Lear in order to be in a position of taking over his kingdom. The three daughters, Cordelia, Goneril and Regan, compete amongst each other in order to be favored by their father to take over the kingdom (Danby 50). Two daughters, Goneril and Regan, are wiling to do anything just to be named the next heir to the thrown, that is why they try to deceive their father by showing that they love him unconditionally, thus making King Lear foolishly make them his heirs leaving out his other daughter Cordelia who truly loves him (Foakes 89–90). Another most notable theme in the two films is family conflicts. An example of family conflict as depicted in the film “king Lear” is the conflict between Lear and his daughter Cordelia, whom he does not like and wants to be close to after she is not in a position of not showing him that she loves him more than everything in the world. This makes him very furious with Cordelia to the extent of denying her a share in his kingdom and, at the same time, denouncing her as his own daughter (Ball 42). Another incident of the family conflicts is the growing hate between the two sisters, Goneril and Regan, who are in love with the same man, Edmond, and thus, they have to use all the resources they have in order to win his affection. This eventually results in a major tragedy between the two sisters. In the second movie About Schmidt , family conflict is depicted in several occasions. The first incident in the movie is at the funeral of Schmidt’s wife when his daughter accuses Schmidt of disrespecting her mother; this is by buying her mother a cheap casket (Begley 40 -53). The next instance of family conflicts is when Schmidt is discouraging her daughter, Jeanine, from marrying her fiancé Randall; this is be
The modern society, where proper communication commands high significance, has a major concern regarding the improper usage of English. The English language is the universal lingua franca or common language, and it has evolved over the years to its current status by accepting words and phrases from other languages. In recent times, however, there exists a tendency of this language being inaccurately being developed by its users through the introduction of a chaotic combination of varying styles and usages which has entailed a degradation of this language. The vast changes in technology have transformed the concept of communication and the present-day world boasts of multistream means for communication. The different methods also brought to the scene different styles for each person to speak or write in a different manner when addressing different audiences. This paper basically focuses on how students communicate differently to their parents as compared to their friends and attempts to analyze the change in their approaches while addressing different segments and also dwells on whether this aspect adversely affects the formal writing style that students should learn. Ironically, the rapid development of international economics and politics appeared to be the principal cause for not only the expansion of English but also its deterioration in terms of the problematic style that evolved as a result. It is necessary to emphasize that the communication process is of great importance for people fulfilling the purpose of sharing information, or even as a form of entertainment. The era of industrialization, technological development, and intercultural cooperation impacted the emergence of new lexical units to be used in formal and informal styles. It is necessary to underline the idea that modern people do not take care of communication awareness that is why we can observe the mixture of styles and confusion in communicative situations. (Orwell 202). With the advent of the latest technologies, people have been using different types of methods for communication, such as email, voice and text chat, SMS, Instant messaging (IM), etc. The increased use of such methods, which have become so common, resulted in the emergence of an influx of communication and people felt the need for shortening words, phrases, and sentences to avoid wastage of time. This, in turn, entailed the carving of a new style in written English. Thus, formal writing, to a certain extent, has been replaced by slang language, inaccurate phrases, and expressions. Technological comfort and conveniences of staying in touch with one another have thus nullified the meaning and context of formal writing. Communicative failures are frequently observed due to
Numico has grown from humble beginnings to become of one of the largest companies that manufactures nutritional products. Acquisition is one of the major strategies of the company. Throughout, the history of the company, it has acquired companies in various locations. This has enabled the company to venture into foreign markets. This company has helped in sustaining its growth. Acquisitions enabled the company to control interests in more than 100 countries. This enabled the company’s products to reach a large number of people. Numico uses a medical platform marketing. This implies that the company uses its experience in manufacturing products that have a medical backing. The company has laboratories in several countries. These laboratories use scientific data to develop new products. This enables the company to develop products for vulnerable people. Research enabled the company to develop products that focused on the link between nutrition, diseases, and health. This enabled the company to improve its competitiveness. The U.S. is one of the most lucrative markets. Numico acquired General Nutrition Companies (GNC) to improve its competitiveness. GNC was the largest producer and marketer of nutritional supplements. The company exported its products to more than 25 countries. Therefore, acquisition of the company enabled it to acquire the customers of the company. This enabled Numico to improve its competitiveness globally. GNC had a strong brand name. This brand name and Numico’s scientific knowledge would help in improving the competitiveness of the new entity. Acquisitions of new companies made Numico venture into industries that were different from its traditional areas of operation. Enrich International specialized in the sale of nutritional supplements and personal care products. On the other hand, Rexall Sundown Inc. specialized in the sale of vitamins, nutritional supplements, and consumer health products. The demand for nutritional supplements was income elastic. The demand was dependent on the income of customers. Reduced income reduced the demand of the nutritional supplements. Nutritional supplements were not vital products. This necessitated the company to device strategies that would enable it to market the nutritional supplements effectively. Acquisition of new companies exposed the companies to several risks. Numico specialized in the production and marketing of nutritional products that targeted infants, patients and other people who had special nutritional needs. It was vital for the company’s products to meet the nutritional needs of the target market. Failure to meet the nutritional needs would reduce its competitiveness. Numico acquired companies in different geographical locations. This exposed the companies to risks due to the volatility of the exchange rate. Volatility of the exchange rate may have a negative or positive impact on the company. Drop in the rate of the U.S. dollar versus the euro reduced the profitability of Rexall Sundown and GNC. This is despite the fact that these companies has