ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The ability to understand the surrounding realities can be driven by the ability to distinguish, classify and categorize different concepts known through human history. Examining a familiar aspect from different perspectives might result in reassessing the established theories and views on the main bases of the society. An example of such an approach can be seen in the work “The Human Condition” (1958) by Hannah Arendt which is a “more controversial way of challenging contemporary truisms.” (Arendt) In her work, Arendt draws distinctions among various known aspects such as labor, work, and action in a different perspective. This paper analyzes the aforementioned work based on Arendt’s distinctions. Hannah Arendt created an original concept of politics as the highest form of human activity and the highest expression of his freedom. For that purpose, she considered the relation of three notions, i.e. work, labor, and activity. Labor is an eternally recurring activity, which reproduces objects of consumption, where “the life process of mankind, and within its frame of reference all things become objects of consumption.”(Arendt 89) Labor is predefined by the biological need of humans, like any other natural being, laboring always moves in the same circle, which is prescribed by the biological process of the living organism and the end of its “toil and trouble” comes only with the death of this organism. (Arendt 98) Arendt addressed the third chapter for labor, which can be considered as the strongest both emotionally and intellectually. In that sense, it can be said that this chapter is the core of the book, for which the book in general along with other chapters was written as its explanation. In that chapter, Arendt rose against the European glorification of labor by depreciating it. Labor is the lowest appreciated type of human activity, which strips humans from their humanness, where “a being laboring in complete solitude would not be human but an animal laborans in the word’s most literal significance.” (Arendt 22) In Arendt’s interpretation, labor is not work in the usual understanding. It is not the creation of material welfare regardless of the purposes that they serve. Arendt sharply contrasts labor and work, and although labor eventually also creates something, the created by labor is different from the created by work. Labor creates products of consumption, which serve exclusively for human vital needs which are consumed right away and thus do not leave anything long-lasting after them. Labor is the prolongation of life, metabolism, and absorption for the sake of existence and vice versa. Labor does not make the human, but on contrary turn him back to the animal. Contrary to the process of making, intrinsic to work, where the process disappears in the end-product, Labor, to be sure, also produces for the end of consumption, but since this end, the thing to be consumed lacks the worldly permanence of a piece o
The human skeleton comprises of both compound and uncluttered bones. This are held up and complemented by ligaments and muscles. It functions as a gallop which holds, supports muscles and shields organs including the brain casing, heart and lungs. The largest bone found in the human skeleton is known as femur. It is found in the thigh. Stapes is the smallest bone. This is located in the central ear. It is surprising that, in a mature person, the skeleton comprises of about 30-40% of the entire weight of the body where half of this is liquid majorly water. Compound bones in the human skeleton include those of the caldera and the cranium (Bramblett & Steele, 1988, p. 223). It is also surprising that not all bones in the human skeleton are directly interrelated. For instance, in each central ear, three bones known as ossicles are coherent with one other. The thyroid bone is found in the neck line. It functions as the point of connection to the tongue. It, however, does not relate with any other human skeletal bones. It is anchored by tendons (Bramblett & Steele, 1988). The hip, knee and ankle joint, work in perfect harmony. Situations of the limits are frequent and require focused care. This lower extremity performs the function of carrying weight of the human body. Joint body parts are susceptible to wear and tear in grown ups. In addition, injuries during sports are frequent in the lower boundaries. Examples of this entail ankle twists and muscle bruises. The joints and ligaments in an individual lower extremity and function jointly to form a kinetic sequence. A kinetic sequence is a chain of joints and ligaments that function to generate multifaceted tasks such as movement. It is surprising that when one of the joints or ligaments in this system gets indignant, then the kinetic sequence breaks down. When taking into consideration an analysis program of a solitary joint or tendon, it is extremely crucial to establish a program that integrates the whole kinetic sequence. It is not unusual for psychotherapists to employ treatment practices to the hip in a person having a knee or ankle damage (Walker, 2004). Another surprising feature of the human skeleton is the differences that exist in terms of gender. Men have somewhat thicker and elongated limbs and digit tendons. Women, on the other hand, have narrow ribs, teeth which are smaller in size and more circular shoulder edges. Differences also occur between males and females especially in the pelvis. This is due to features necessary for child birth in females (Bramblett &
Introduction Business sustainability is rapidly gaining widespread recognition in the corporate world. Despite the relative novelty and the existence of barriers to its adoption, sustainable practices offer several advantages for businesses. The following paper provides an overview of the main components of business sustainability, outlines its main impacts for the organizations, and offers an example of sustainability concept adaptation from the UAE. Business Sustainability In broad terms, business sustainability is a process of adjusting business operations to synchronize them in several domains to achieve stability and resilience to adverse external impacts. The most commonly recognized domains, also known as pillars of sustainability, represent the environmental, social, and economic aspects of business operations. The environmental pillar represents the attempts to minimize the organizational impact on the environment both directly and indirectly (e.g. carbon emissions, waste, and responsible choice of partners). The social pillar ensures the fair treatment of the involved stakeholders, such as customers, employees, and members of local communities. Finally, the economic pillar involves maintaining profitability without compromising the goals set by the other two pillars. Simply put, it ensures that the business remains healthy and closely integrated with the interests and values of all the involved parties. Despite the apparent presence of necessary expenses, the long-term impacts of business sustainability on the organization are generally favorable. First, the recognition of the environmental impacts ensures compliance with numerous environmental regulations and improves the chances of timely adaptation to the ones that may emerge in the future. Second, waste-reduction practices open up the possibility of improving performance through the involvement of innovative technical and technological solutions. Third, both the environmental and social enhancements usually result in the increased productivity and efficiency of the operations, and, in the long run, decrease the amount of the required resources. Fourth, the properly executed and communicated social responsibilities will attract both employees and investors and will increase the engagement and satisfaction of the existing ones, contributing to
Abstract Forecasting is an essential input to the decision-making process in an organization because the output of predictions is used to plan for the future. Due to the significance of forecasting, there have been a number of techniques that can be used to carry out different types of forecasts. This paper carries out forecasting using three techniques. Quarterly sales data for a period of five years is used in the estimation. The specific methods that were used are forecasts based on analyst opinion, 3-period moving average, 4-period weighted moving average, and linear regression analysis. All three methods yielded different results. Analysis of the errors shows that the forecasts that were based on analyst opinion have the least MAD and MSE while the regression model had the least MPE. Therefore, the model that will best suit this situation is regression analysis. Introduction The concept of forecasting is quite important in an organization because every decision that is made now requires some prediction of their impact on the future. Some of the areas that companies usually focus on are the demand for the commodity, sales, and costs. Due to the increasing intricacy of the forecasting problem, there have been a number of techniques that have been developed. These techniques have different uses, and it is necessary to correct the right method for a specific application (Chambers, Mullick & Smith, 2014). This paper seeks to discuss common forecasting techniques. Quarterly sales data will be used to demonstrate these techniques. The data will be for a period of five years, that is, between 2000 and 2004. Discussion Analysis of the original data As mentioned above, the sales revenue data are for a period of five years, which is between 2000 and 2004. The data are arranged in quarters. The table below shows the historical data of sales revenue for the company for various periods. Historical Sales Revenues Year                       Quarter  Period  Sales     2000                       1        1       $684.20   2000                       2        2       $584.10   2000
It is not common practice to graphically depict historical events and present them critically through visual form. Articles or books are more often used to convey historical information. However, “Abina and the Important Men” which was first published in 2011, uses graphic novel techniques to tell part of the history of Africa in the 19th century. The authors try “to find a middle ground between scholarly and popular histories of regular people.” 1 Through graphic history, Getz and Clarke describe the story of an ordinary African woman based only on a transcript of her court case. Moreover, in the second part of the book, this transcript is provided so that the reader can independently evaluate the presented interpretation. Through an individual history, the book offers a look at the largely inaccessible aspects of African history beyond colonization and slavery. “Abina and the Important Men” follows the difficult life of Abina Mansah, a young woman from the Gold Coast. After being wrongfully enslaved, she manages to escape to Great Britain and bring her master Quamina Eddoo to court. The narration begins in 1871 when slavery is already becoming the subject of controversy. Since the book is based on a transcript of a court hearing, most of the scenes unfold in the courtroom, where the woman tries to convince important people of the significance of her rights. Thus, the book teaches the reader through the graphic part to understand the more complex primary sources that scholars use to interpret history. More specifically, Abina’s story provides a deeper look at 19th-century slavery and the slave trade. Instead of statistics and general data, which are often presented in the history or perspective of Europeans, the book illustrates the experience of a real person. While other historians consider slavery from the perspective of important people, the authors describe it from the perspective of an ordinary person. This technique allows learning much more about the life of the Colonial Africa of the period, as well as about slavery in general. First of all, the book tells about how narrow and often wrong were the ideas of Europeans about the culture and people of Africa. For example, this is evident when Quamina Eddoo discusses strategy with her attorney after the first day of the court hearing. They seek to take advantage of Europeans’ ignorance of African customs and practices and “convince them that the girl was purchased as a wife.” 2 Moreover, the judge previously talks about philosophy and the concept of freedom, emphasizing that Abina is not able to understand such ideas. Thus, it can be concluded that the colonialists, especially those who were in the metropolis, did not have any interest in the real life of Africans. They considered the continent and the people living on it exclusively as a source of economic benefits. Keim notes that “anthropologists have sometimes been called servants of colonialism because they provided the information an
HIV/AIDS Strategy Stakeholders As Anglo American looks for the most effective HIV/AIDS approach, it needs to consider the different stakeholders in South Africa. The stakeholders include the South African government, the Anglo American employees, the populations of surrounding communities, families of employees, the Global Council on HIV/AIDS, The National Union of Mineworkers, pharmaceutical companies and other multinational companies in the private sector, such as Coca-Cola. Anglo American’s HIV/AIDS Strategy There are several pros and cons that arise from Anglo American’s adoption of an aggressive approach on HIV/AIDS. The pros include the fact that the approach adopted has served to assist the employees that are infected with HIV/AIDS. The employees are healthier and are, therefore, able to continue working with the company for a longer period. This not only saves the company replacement and re-training costs, it also has a positive effect on the country’s GDP. Other pros include the education and information that the company provides, not only to the employees and their families, but to the surrounding communities as well. The cons that arise out of this aggressive approach include the harsh criticism that the company receives from different stakeholders, such as the National Union of Mineworkers and the South African Government. These stakeholders are displeased with the costs that might transfer to them, once these mineworkers are unemployed or retired, and they need to continue with the expensive ATR treatment. Other cons include the large amounts of treatment funds going to waste as a large percentage of employees do not adhere to the treatment regimen. Other cons relate to the HIV/AIDS prevalence that does not seem to diminish despite the company’s efforts. For example, some infected employees are under the assumption that they do not need to continue using condoms as they are receiving ART treatment. It is my recommendation that the company proceeds with its efforts regarding the HIV/AIDS policy. Anglo American should continue providing free ART treatment to its employees and their families. The company, however, needs to improve on its awareness and education. The employees require additional awareness on how to prevent further infection and on the importance of sticking to the treatment regimen strictly. Migrant Workers Anglo American and the government should continue hiring migrant workers. Blocking the entry and hiring of these workers would not stop the spread of HIV/AIDS. In all likelihood, it would negatively affect the profitability of the mining companies such as Anglo American and the overall GDP of the country. Pharmaceutical Companies The various companies play an important role in the epidemic approach. For example, in partnership with Anglo American,
Knowledge, its source and truthfulness have been under question for a long time. People have always wondered what exactly constitutes facts and if there are any defining laws that can be attributed to all knowledge or information available in the world. Many philosophers speculated on how information can be interpreted according to its falsity or truthfulness, but have not come to definite conclusions. Edmund Gettier has provided one of the key pieces in understanding and trying to figure out what knowledge really is. The Gettier problem is a concept that links relative information supported by a form of reasonable assumption and the truthful outcome. Because the process contains an assumption and it happens to be the end result, it does not mean that it is universal and can be applied to all situations and the definitions of knowledge. The fact that plays a significant role for one to come up with the end result, it is a guess and it is not bound by proper reasoning or factual information. This sort of deduction is not logical and so, is not reliable. For example, a person goes to a store and predicts that there will be a lineup of 10 people. They base this supposition on a mere guess and do not know for sure. When they get to the store, there are indeed 10 people in the line. The fact that this prediction and end result are the same makes the prediction true, appearing as knowledge. A lot of factors come into play here as the assumption could have been made according to the personal characteristics of a person. The individuals could have been keen observers and every time they went to the store, there were an approximate number of 10 people. Even if it was 7, 9 or 12, it was in close proximity to 10. Today, the person felt and simply humorously guessed that there will be 10 people. Even though the guess might seem to be educated, as it is based on previous data, it is not exact or universal. So, the question of whether chance or a person’s instinctual or simply random feeling could be attributed to that fact, but the knowledge was raised. Of course, there could be other factors, such as the limitation of space in front of the store, so only 10 to 12 people could fit in there, but what if someone was standing around the corner? If they were not physically present in the line but were morally aware that they were standing in line, are they were a part of the line’s count? The real question is: Does a visual representation of something, and mental registration of it being that thing, even if it is something else, make it what it is or is not? Gettier-style examples are effective in raising questions of what constitutes the true kn
Aim and Objectives of the Study The main objective of this paper is to evaluate how the quality of life of married minority women in the United Kingdom compares to their life before migrating to the country. Other objectives of the paper will include:   * Factors that have led to a change in their lives in the UK   * The role of marriage in changing their life in the UK   * Role of gender equity programs in influencing the life of ethnic minority women in the UK   * The influence of race relations in their lives in the UK Literature review Before doing any analysis on the status of ethnic minority married migrant women in the UK, the paper will carry out an overview of what the situation of ethnic and migrant women in the country is. The Women and Equality Unit (2004, p 2) asserts that there is a discrepancy skewed to whites favor when it comes to job attainment. According to Dustmann & Theodoropoulos (2006), the largest minority migrant groups in the UK include Black Caribbean, Black African, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and Chinese. The Fawcett Society (2005, p 1) released a report in 2005 with statistics that painted a not so rosy picture. According to the report, ethnic minority women form only 0.3 Percent of Parliament despite making up to 4% of the population. The report adds that public sectors like the police force, the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords were also underrepresented by ethnic minority women. Ethnic minority women from south East Asia had a high rate of self murder; almost double that of the general population. This fact points to probable high rates of stress among the group. The report added that on average, white men were likely to earn 56% more than Bangladeshi and Pakistani women. The Guardian Newspaper carried part of the Fawcett report in 2005 and asserted that “Black and minority women were poorer, less healthy, less educated and significantly less represented in politics, power compared to white women and the general UK population” (Ward, 2005, p 1). Quoting the Fawcett Society, the paper reported that explicit inequalities exist among Black and minority women. In health, ethnic minority women from Pakistan and Bangladesh were disadvantaged since their babies had almost half the chance of surviving compared to those of whites. The paper will also analyze the success rates of the immigrant ethnic minority women. According to Dustman & Fabbri (2005) of the Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, “white female immigrants and their husbands record higher success rate compared to native born white women when earnings are taken into account” (p.2). The CRAM research on the other hand shows that “minority women and their husband are less successful especially on the lower end of their husband’s distribution of economic potential” (p. 2). CRAM blames low employment for both genders for their low ranking hence low earnings that intensify at the household level. Another area that is