ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The entrance οf women into the United States Military Academy in 1976 contradicted a useful and much bragged about exclusion that had helped define the school. From language to the latrine, West Point was, in the words οf a recent graduate, a “men’s house.” But even though women entered the Academy as cadets only recently, women have had a place in the institution’s iconology and lore since the United States established the Academy in 1802. It should not be surprising that problems with integrating women into the Corps οf Cadets, and perhaps even into the military in general, have their roots in masculine imaginations built into the culture οf the Academy. From the beginning, the idea and reality οf West Point have been tied to the masculine. To some, such a conclusion is at once obvious and needs little explanation or evidence. To others, it might be harder to see what warrants such a conclusion. But for anyone interested in reading across the fields οf art, discourse, and practice, this essay will provide examples οf how male notions οf what a woman is, where she can be, and what she should do are part οf a national institution. The episodes that follow provide a record οf aesthetic, social, political, and economic choices by those authorized to represent women at the Academy. At this point, it is important to note that women, particularly women in the military, have had little if anything to say about what, where, how, and for whom things get defined at West Point (Burr 2002, pp. 50-60). Main body Perhaps the importance οf early images οf women and their entrenchment in the Academy psyche can best be understood by looking at more recent images οf cadet women. [1] The comic strip “Little Tami Sami” marks cadet attitudes shortly after the first women entered West Point. This cartoon appeared in the “Grayboy” issue οf The Pointer magazine in the Winter οf 1979 over two years after women entered the Academy. The Pointer was and is a student publication produced at A
Introduction While India attempts to set its own pace of industrialization, renowned movies have seen significant transformations. The expansion of the Indian middle class and its relocation to the West indicated that Bollywood productions were no longer generated for the country’s necessities but also to suit the expectations of its worldwide population (Singh and Singh 90). The particular strain of viewership necessitated the invention of an entirely new category – the diasporic variety, which appealed to the demands and desires of NRIs (Non-Resident Indians). These movies portrayed a typical Indian expatriate, so establishing a new mixed civilization of east and West in which international issues are addressed through Indian ideas, beliefs, and sanskaars. Therefore, this distinctive style aided India in defining its cultural identity, establishing its personality in the eyes of both its residents and the outside community. This paper analyzes how Chopra’s international breakthrough Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (DDLJ) portrays India’s cultural image in global circumstances. Additionally, the essay compares DDLJ and other related Indian films that show diaspora identity among overseas viewers. Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (DDLJ) and Diaspora Identity DDLJ is generally acknowledged as one of the most popular movies in Indian cinema. It was produced by Aditya Chopra and debuted in 1995 (Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge). Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol played essential parts in the making of the film. It required multiple conceptual modifications, from portraying an immigrant as a warrior to emphasizing specific individuals of the diaspora’s intention to return to the nation to visibly demonstrating an inherent commitment to Indian ideals abroad. The film, a love story, is fundamentally conservative, as it is predicated on the restoration of cultural and ethical order (Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge). The film focuses on an elderly diaspora member’s wish to return to his homeland. The film’s opening scene depicts a depressed Amreesh Puri feeding dove in London while yearning for his homeland. The prominence of diasporic movies exploded in the 1990s for a variety of reasons. In 1991, India’s financial emancipation allowed the Indian middle class to establish the face of this age. Due to the commercialization struggles and civilization shock that many young Indian men and women are experiencing, the NRI has become a symbol of those struggles (Sengupta 61). For the Indian diaspora, the films served as a sou
Introduction In the modern world, there is a high level of social inequality. Such a gap creates conditions for the division of the population between two different worlds. The first is the world of work, living in a declining share of income for the majority of the people, and which has an extreme shortage of money for the purchase of even essential goods (food, clothing, medicines, and others). The second is the world of the wealthiest people, who increase the share of wealth from year to year. This demonstrates inequality for the population and may harm the development of society. The solution to this issue requires major changes both in the prevailing political and economic systems and in people’s minds. Main body Most often, critical solutions to such problems come from state and ruling authorities and leaders. These may be resolutions, legislative acts, organization of special events and actions to solve the social problem that has arisen. However, to do this, an understanding of the essence and importance of the issue is necessary. In the modern world, young people are beginning to realize the need for active participation in society’s political life and the implementation of social projects. They express interest in politics, advocate the realization at the state and local levels of the rights of young people, and support social justice, jobs, training, and much more. For these reasons, and considering that young people are the future of our society, it is necessary to create a program focused on this particular segment to solve the discussed social problem. One of the effective methods is to organize workshops, for example, about the importance of education and the opportunities it provides. Several events could be held on this topic, which would involve different age categories. For instance, students can exchange information on what opportunities for grants and scholarships they have found or organize classes for younger students. The main differences between the workshop and other types of events are the high intensity of group interaction, activity, and independence of the participants, gaining actual and personal experience. Another way to draw attention to the issue of wage disparities and the gap between the poor and the rich is the meeting of the focus groups. It is a panel discussion that reveals the attitude of participants to a particular problem. Before the debate, when unfamiliar participants gather, the moderator and his assistants greet the entrants and build a relaxed atmosphere (Cyr 54). During the discussion, favorable conditions are created for the spontaneous manifestation of respondents’ emotions and sincere expression of opinions. The information gathered by such a method can be useful for determining society’s attitude to the problem, adjusting future awareness-raising activities, and more. One more method of increasing awareness is the use of current Internet capabilities – social networks, Internet sites, and channels. They can openly declare
In Nicholas Carr’s book, What the internet is doing to our brains , he describes the impact the internet has brought to our capacity to concentrate and think deeply. Carr simply suggests that the internet has changed the way we use our working memory. His argument was that we rely too much on the superficial internet culture, and compromise on exercising our memory. We are as a result rendered less capable to synthesize information as we did before. This essay seeks to establish the eligibility of the Technological determinism theory postulated by Thorsten Veblen. Thorsten came up with this theory that saw technology not as an activity that mankind engages in, but as the main driving force of his usual activities. To an extent, he was right in that every utility that man invents incorporates new technology, and the ease with which man can operate or control situations is gradually accelerated by the amount of technology he can apply to the activity. His usual thinking capacity and mental activity are lowered by the over-dependence on the all-so-free and available internet. Therefore, he constantly relies on the internet, and deprives himself of the activity involving him in manual operations, continuously seeking to make devices and machines that are more automated and that come close to having a will of their own than before (Ferguson 30). The result as Carr shows it is the human brain becomes quasi-literate, and incapable of the linear exposition that enables one to think deeper, and compose a thought when intending to learn (Carr 67). Technological Determinism The American sociologist, Thorsten Veblen, came up with the theory that explained his stance regarding his opinion on the future effects of modernization and technological advances. The theory tries to establish the idea that technological advances condition social transformations. Some philosophers and sociologists think of technological advances of as part of society, others think that technology is an uncontrollable force that self regenerates (Dusek). The theory seeks to explain an occurrence or phenomenon in terms of a determining factor. We shall seek to explain sociological alterations that have risen as a result of technological advances made in the field of internet accessibility (Jordan 44). Technological determinism as pertains to the internet It was not until late in the 20 th century that packet-switching was invented. The internet was initially used mainly by the Americans as a media, but it has recently evolved into a global source of information. The internet offers dialogue information retrieval services, online access to libraries, course studies on the internet where people can study at the comfort of their homes, and much more. Mankind has vested a lot of energy and reliance on the internet nowadays that it moulds his life around the easy information and access available online. As discussed in his book, Carr suggested that the human brain was undergoing Neuroplasticity, where the brain chemistry was changing due to introduction to someth
The human development index is a statistic tool used by scientists from different disciplines to describe a given population’s quality of life. It mainly concentrates on various demographic characteristics although much emphasis is given to education, life expectancy, and income (Cleveland & Douglas, 2013). The Human Development Index (HDI) is used internationally to rank countries into four categories based on the above-mentioned aspects. It is important to note that the origin and development of the human development index is closely linked to the United Nations, to be more precise, to the United Nations Development Program’s annual development reports (Cleveland & Douglas, 2013). History of the human development Index As mentioned earlier, the Human Development Index traces its origin to the United Nations Development Program reports. Mahbub ul Haq, a Pakistani economist is credited as the main architect behind the development of the HDI (Stanton, 2007, p. 1). Mahbub together with other economists sought to shift human development indices from national income to a more “people-oriented” approach that captured the real situation as far as human development is concerned (Cleveland & Douglas, 2013). Apparently, the national income approach grossly underestimated or overestimated the quality of life that people within a given region led. Thus, the need for a more accurate method to indicate the quality of human life gave rise to the Human Development Index in 1990. Dimensions of the Human Development Index In a nutshell, the Human Development Index measures the quality of life of a given group of people, mainly in countries or regions with recognized political autonomy. Precisely, the HDI seeks to investigate and establish the quality of life which is measured through the life expectancy rate (UNDP, 2013). Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a person is expected to live in a particular country with special consideration given to the quality of life. It also takes into account the mortality rate of the people concerned. Besides life expectancy, another important aspect of HDI is the education index that seeks to measure the quality of education available to people in a particular country. This dimension takes into account the years of schooling and the expected number of years that the inhabitants are expected to have access to education (UNDP, 2013). The education index is shaped by such factors as access to basic primary school education by all demographic groups which crucially determines literacy levels. HDI also measures the gross national income per capita that is mainly done in USD. Per capita income which sometimes can be given in purchasing power parity figures is the income per person in a given territory (UNDP, 2013). It usually indicates the production potential and contribution to the GDP of every individual in a given economy. Many times economists use per capita income as an indicator of a country’s standard of living. Ca
Introduction When children spend time together, seemingly without supervision and left to their means, they mimic actions seen at home or on the street, and their created mini-society reflects their overall social experience. A game as innocent as cops and robbers is demonstrative of the lessons minors learn from interacting with adults when some may refuse to be robbers, but more may protest playing for the police. Elders condemn children’s mischievous behavior by threats of in-uniform officers and, as they grow older and understand police brutality, generations more ready to be vigilantes than to call for help to continue existing. Cruelty, whether in the face of organized gangs or police brutality, begets savagery, which may only be combated by instilling a more human approach to those, previously deemed uncaring. Definition Community orienteered policing remains a vital facet of police work, which permits not only executing the chief function of peace enforcement but also integrating a certain degree of familiarity and, therefore, personal predisposition when policing. Jenkins describes it more as a “philosophy” due to its effect on the nature of police work, which turns the job into a social endeavor rather than solely a policing one (222). Through constant interaction and the building of community-wide relationships, police officers involve themselves in the life of the community, becoming a part of it rather than an outside element. While this tactic may put a strain on the officers assigned in such a way because of both, community and workplace expectations, neighborhood crime seems to decrease when this approach is in place. Thus, community policing creates a supposedly safer living environment for residents, reducing the number and severity of committed crimes by installing familiarity between subjects and depolarizing their relationships. The Historical Background Police departments have made community policing a common tactic due to not only its effectiveness but also the public impact that the positive representation of officers has. This kind of approach goes back to the end of the twentieth century and possibly links to numerous social side processes, for example, racial tensions and police-community division (Cordner 148-150). America’s crime rate, as well as political, economic, and ideological factors, had altogether called for new law enforcement tactics to solve existing problems, prevent new ones, and positively demonstrate USA communities (Cordner 152). Police departments ushered in a “problem-solving era,” relying on academic research and, thus, changing the nature of the job and making it lean more towards transgression prevention rather than post-factual law enforcement (Jenkins 221). The
Summary It is no longer a rumor that the current outbreak of COVID-19 resulted from a seafood virus. This follows after epidemiological investigations which suggested an association of bats as the probable cause of coronavirus (Yuan et al., 2020). The pandemic has continued to claim millions of peoples’ lives across the globe, leaving the economy wrecked, and paralyzing health. Prospects from epidemiologists have emphasized that the pandemic can only be prevented by adequately improving wildlife conservation measures and observing food safety for human safety (Obrenovic et al., 2020). Human’s constant and continuous exploration and interference with wildlife seem to be the greatest weapon of destruction that has ever been invented. From the epidemiological investigation, the seafood market in Wuhan was termed as the cause of the outbreak and Coronavirus was identified as of bat origin. Does this then pose the question: could humans be trying to invent foods that have not been authorized by God as fit for consumption? Or could this be a sign that a clear boundary between man and wildlife has to be set? This is not, however, the first time associating wildlife with the outbreak of pandemics following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) which broke in Guangdong, China in 2002 (Yuan et al., 2020). By then, the bat was identified as the chief host of SARS coronavirus. The outbreak of these two epidemics has reflected zoonotic sources of viruses that can be transmitted to humans. Figure 1: Epidemiologists identifying a bat (Source, Getty Images) The Chinese and Wild Animals Delicacies Yuan and et al. (2020) conducted research following the outbreak of Covid-19 on the association of wild animals with the novel virus. They note that China has had a long history of food culture and a splendors catering industry (Yuan et al., 2020). Consuming wild animals in ancient days was to supplement protein but nowadays it has become a curiosity to some people, more so the tyrants in China who want the high-priced meat from wild animals. Still, in 2013 another infection, Avian Influenza A (H7N9) virus in China, showed how humans have been exposed to live poultry where live birds were sold (Yuan et al., 2020). Zoonotic infections have been associated with the eating and trading of wild animals. Yuan et al. (2020) emphasize regulating wildlife conservation and food safety to curb human exposure to the novel viruses as of vital significance. Viral infec
Children who grow with their siblings acquire numerous functional skills. Nevertheless, not every acquired skill is helpful to them. As children grow with their siblings, direct and indirect influence is inevitable. Therefore, this paper seeks to summarize in a simplest way possible the direct and indirect contributions of siblings to child development. In addition, it seeks to present new things that are learnt, what is surprising, and what is interesting from the article. Siblings influence one another in various ways as they interact; the influence is either positive or negative depending on the behavior acquired. This interaction affects child’s mental activities, language, and awareness of other peoples’ likes and dislikes; they also learn values which are accepted by the society. Edward asserts that “siblings play a role in promoting this ability to reflect on the mind of others and to begin to gain an understanding of other’s actions and thoughts” (8). When older siblings learn to simplify household tasks, they teach the younger ones which benefit them significantly. This creates a rapport within the family and during the conflict, siblings will stand united. Nonetheless, senior siblings directly disseminate negative behavior on the younger ones. For instance, when older siblings learn negative behavior and consequently, teach their younger ones; this has a direct impact on their psychological capacity and behavioral wise. This is the reason why siblings require close watch by their parents. Elderly siblings contribute indirectly to the development of their younger siblings in many ways. For example, if older siblings assume teaching roles and accordingly improve academically as well as in keeping good relationships, such siblings are loved by parents and teacher; this creates an impression on the parents that the subsequent siblings will demonstrate equal capacities. This anticipation makes the parent to treat younger siblings with much expectation. The way some siblings are treated by their parents, affects other siblings. Those siblings who receive less attention from their parents are found to have behavior problems than those who are well attended. Child’s individual understanding of how parent treat other siblings is essential for their development. This article has generated different feelings, which cannot be ignored. From this article I have learnt that older children influence parenting roles which determine how they treat the subsequent children. I have also become conscious that siblings improve their capabilities