ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Gender Violence as a Men’s Issue Unfortunately, the issue of gender violence remains on the agenda of the modern global society (Igartua & Fiuza, 2018). Various reasons are listed for the problem to have a huge staying power in the context of the contemporary social environment (Wasarhaley, Lynch, Golding, & Renzetti, 2017). In his speech, Jackson Katz assumes that the framing of the problem is one of the essential roadblocks on the way to managing it successfully (Blyth, Colgan, & Edwards, 2018). Particularly, the shift of the emphasis to women makes it possible
Introduction Apple Inc. is an organization that manufactures and markets computer hardware, software and electronics. It was established in 976 and its headquarters are located in California. Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne were the founders of the company. Steve Jobs worked as the president of the company during its early years and left the management of the company after conflicts arose from the board of directors. He later joined the company in 1997 as the CEO. Steve Jobs worked as the president of the company until he passed away in 2011. The company has dominated the local and global markets. Apple has been renowned for its innovative strategies, and this has made it achieve global recognition. Despite the stiff competition in the computer industry, apple Inc. was able to overcome the competition in the market by developing innovative products. There are other strong companies in the market such as Microsoft, IBM, and others but they were unable to stop Apple from dominating the global markets. Apple has been able to win the loyalty of consumers globally because it offers the best quality products in the market (Imbimbo, 2009). The success of Apple Inc. is attached to Steve Jobs because it is during his reign that the company achieved great successes. Steve Jobs was successful in implementing his leadership strategies because he made the company achieve competitiveness in the global markets. It is under his leadership that the company was able to develop innovative products such as iPod, iPad, iPhone and others. However, Steve Jobs was reported to suffer from pancreatic caner, and this caused his death. The information about his health status was not disclosed until it was inevitable to provide the public with the actual details concerning the health status of Steve Jobs. In some instances the directors of the company miscommunicated about the health status of Jobs. The idea of miscommunicating the health status of Steve Jobs has been challenged on ethical backgrounds (Imbimbo, 2009). In this paper, the author discuses the ethical issues relating to miscommunication about Steve Jobs’ health status before his death. A brief description of the ethical or social justice issues The manner in which the directors and the CEO communicated about Steve Jobs health condition caused a lot of ethical questions. It was reported that Steve Jobs suffered from hormonal imbalance. In other situations, it was reported that Steve Jobs suffered from nutritional imbalance. The health conditions of Steve Jobs had remained a secret until when it was impossible to hide. He was given a medical leave after the company realized that his health was at stake (Kahney, 2011). In December 2010, the company reported that Steve Jobs was to take six months leave because he had complex medical issues. Many people were questioning whether the leave was caused by nutritional balance or a serious medical issue. The
Introduction Social structure refers to the way the society is organized relationship wise whereas social interaction refers to how people relate to each other. Through these two, people’s identity and behavior is shaped though the sharing of socialization and culture. Social institutions that govern social structure and interaction include the family, education, work, economy, religion, sports, mass media, and health care among others (Schaefer & Lamm, 1995). This paper focuses on three agents of socialization that have been part of my learning process and examines the re-socialization of drug users through rehabilitation. Agents of socialization Agents of socialization refer to the groups that act on behalf of the society and in my learning process, family, peers, and media have played a great role. For instance, my family has been greatly influential since I was a minor. It is in this agent of socialization that I learnt basic skills like communication, which rule my interactions to date. It is also here that I learnt moral values and emotional control, which I can say, has modeled me into the person I am today. In addition, I also learnt how to conduct myself publicly from this agent and I can attest to it that my family has played a great role in giving me an identity, self-esteem, personality as well as keeping me emotionally healthy. Peer groups have also contributed to my socialization process in the sense that these have been my close associations who I have grown up and interacted with. Most of them are my neighbors, members of the family as well as the people I have met in school and other places of socialization. Some of the vital lessons that I have learnt from my peers include cooperation, negotiation, compromise, leadership, and dominance. School is the other agent of socialization that has made an impact in my life in matters of acquiring knowledge and skills that continue to shape me professionally as part of the official curriculum. The social curriculum has enhanced my social behavior at a secondary level where skills of domination, communication, and negotiation have featured prominently. The hidden curriculum in the
The criminal law enables the government to successfully prosecute persons who are involved in an act of crime. In this context, a crime can be considered as an unlawful act because it violates the principles of the criminal law. In the United States, the principles of the criminal law and associated penalties are established by the state and federal governments, but there are aspects of the criminal law that are discussed in all the states as similar (Allen, 2005; Scheb & Scheb, 2011). These aspects include the tradiitonal principles as ‘actus reus’, ‘mens rea’, and ‘corpus delicti’ among others, types of homicides, types of principals, and types of defense, for instance. From this point, the criminal law is an effective tool in order to prescribe the principles of the socially appropriate behavior and to regulate any violations in the area of the law and social stability because the criminal law dictates the norms according to which persons are accused of causing harm, killing, or stealing (Cole, Smith, & DeJong, 2013). Therefore, the quality of the criminal law system directly affects the stability, order, and organization in the society
Aguilar v. Texas and Gates v. Illinois were cases that featured decisions made by the United States Supreme Court concerning the basement of the search warrants on the evidence provided by anonymous informants. The affidavits relied on the information that was presented in the form of unsigned letters, and both defendants were convicted for drug possession. However, the Supreme Court’s requirements for testing the validity of the evidence were not congruent: the major diversion point was the reliability of the source of information used in the process of the investigation. In the Aguilar v. Texas case, two officers asked for a search warrant providing an affidavit that allocated their acquisition of relevant piece of information from a trustworthy source that assured them of the presence of illegal substances at the petitioner’s residence. The convicted made an objection towards, as it was put, evidence acquired in the process of execution of the search warrant. However, the Supreme Court overruled this objection and stated that the evidence could be acquired through hearsay information. Nevertheless, the information and the informant were bound to be checked with respect to accuracy and completeness. Thus, the main requirement for the information was that the court should
The significance of addiction is recognized by various scholars worldwide. The scholars state that a full understanding of addiction issues is only possible through proper research into cultural differences between populations (Paul et al., 2017). Even though the scope of addiction studies is quite broad, it bears particular importance for the subject of counseling. In this essay, unique challenges for the American Indian individuals with substance addiction use will be reviewed, and the problems of gender issues and counseling will be further explored. Sex differences can often be a significant problem in individual experiences. As stated by Becker et al. (2016), women are most susceptible to substance abuse and have an increased possibility of relapse. In the case presented by Paul et al. (2017), the distinctions between male and female addicts can be seen in the cultural features and traits of the American Indian population. The women’s experiences are likely to be more influenced by the traumatic events in their lives, and they may be judged by society (Becker et al., 2016). Overall, it is crucial to consider sex differences when exploring addiction issues. The process of therapy can be positively influenced by the quality of the rapport. In some cases, it might be crucial to broach the communication between the therapist and their customer, elevating the possibility of a successful outcome. Paul et al. (2017) state that many American Indian individuals suffer from traumatic experiences, and culturally-related interventions that address this trauma might be more efficient for this population. In order to provide support for the person in counseling, it is crucial to consider their cultural characteristics. To conclude, sex differences in addiction can account for strikingly different experiences for the two genders. Acknowledging such incidents should be an essential part of the counseling process. Moreover, addressing the cultural background and extending the relationship between the therapist and the client can be of exceptional use for the general outcomes. Discussing their unique experiences with the individual should be implemented as a part of the counseling.
Description of the system Business administrators and computer scientists have long realized that information technologies can greatly assist customer relationship management (CRM). There are various CRM applications; overall, they are aimed at supporting the following activities as marketing and sales activities, technical support, and so forth (Sheth, Parvatiur & Shainesh, 11). CRM tools can be divided several groups: sales automation software, scheduling applications, order management programs, etc. These applications can function separately although very often they are grouped into a software package. The choice of programs depends upon the size of the company, its structure, and their supply chain, and the kind of product that they offer to their clients. Therefore, the composition of CRM application can vary. CRM solutions enable the company and its customers to interact through different types of channels such as telephone, e-mail, instant messaging, or chat (Jha, 2). In the majority of cases, they are Internet-powered. These programs are supposed to provide accurate information about the customers, their needs, their response to the product, or to the marketing campaign of the company (Jha, 6). We need to note that CRM applications draw information from different kind of sources, for example, service personnel, sales managers, marketing departments, call centers, or business developments agents [1] (Sheth, Parvatiur & Shainesh, 16). Thus, one can say that CRM systems can be regarded as analytical tools which help the management to understand the behavior of their clients and their buying preferences. Furthermore, these applications are intended for simplifying the interactions between the clients. It is very important when one speaks about ordering or purchasing
Information warfare is the manipulation of information to fulfill a military or political agenda. Gathering information and using it to weaken the opponent is the main reason behind the prevailing use of different types of information warfare tactics. Disinformation and propaganda are the two main forms of information warfare. Most of these forms gained considerable credit during the world war age, and they have remained fundamental to date in military, government, and business management domains (Fogleman, 1995). A notable example of propaganda information warfare is evident after a close review of the manner in which politicians managed the world war one. Propaganda helped citizens to maintain high levels of confidence in the political leadership. According to Trueman (2000), Britain newspaper agencies printed headlines with messages of propaganda. He mentions some of them to have read “Belgium child’s hands cut off by Germany.” Additionally, they printed headlines in other newspapers reporting that German prisoners had taken out the eyes of the British citizens. In an equal measure, Trueman’s report indicates that the German government also used propaganda tactics to earn the support of their citizens. He notes that the German Government printed headlines such as “French doctors infect German wells with Plague germs.” Moreover, at another moment, they published papers with information that the enemy had blinded German prisoners (Trueman, 2000). These propaganda messages blackened the enemy’s name and lead to rising of emotions in favor of the government. This form of warfare is, therefore, indispensible in increasing civic support to withstand a government’s interest. Propaganda, which is a fundamental form of information warfare, helped to sustain the world war on for a long period that it could have been possible if the players did not use the technique. During the Second World War, disinformation information warfare helped most organised armies to overcome their enemies. According to experts, information warfare helped the US, for instance, to defeat their enemy during the world war two. According to Fogleman (1995), who was part of the army that participated in the war, there is a time during their mission when the Germany 7th army attempted to drive them from the tenuous beachhead. The attempts failed because the US army had employed the use of Ultra’s to monitor the operations of the allied army The devices helped the army to read the German’s mail and messages without their knowledge. When the German army began to gather forces to attach the US camp, they did not signify that they were privy to the plans of their opponents. They did not reveal that they had information on the strengths and weaknesses of the opponent (Fogleman, 1995). The unique use of technology during war helped the soldiers. The tactic that they used is disinformation. The Ultras helped the army to gather relevant information that aided them to keep away from targeted grounds and gave them opportunities to launch attacks
Does sex appeal sell? The use of explicit sexual imagery has become a common marketing strategy for many organizations in the recent years. Companies have realized the power of this strategy in marketing products and services. Today, sex appeal is more prominent than ever before. There are several things that connect sex appeal marketing strategy to consumer behavior. Using sexual appeal to promote a product or service is not a new concept. Over the last two decades, many organizations have been and are still experiencing effectiveness of sex appeal in marketing products and services. For instance, a study about marketing appeals in 1996 found that sex component is one of the strongest physiological means (Taflinger, 2012, p. 1). Biologically, it is the desire to get a mate of one’s choice. In reference to Pelsmacker, Geuens & Bergh (2013), advertising and marketing research firms confirmed that sex appeal marketing strategy is one of the best techniques of communicating with target audiences (Pelsmacker, Geuens & Bergh, 2013, p. 211). There are many reasons that make sex appeal sell, or that make marketers turn to it when selling their products or services. To start with, sex appeal helps companies grab attention of customers. These adverts attract both male and female customers. It grabs their attention by taking focus from other things, which they may be doing. Marketers know this. They understand that this appeal is more likely to make a product or service appealing in the mind of consumers, more than any other appeal. A good example of sex appeal targeting men is the launch of Heineken in 2000. The company developed a promotional campaign in which it integrated sex appeal and managed to increase its sales by 13% within a short period of time (World Forum of Sociology, Pirani & Varga, 2010, p. 133). Marketers also use sex appeal strategy in order to the images of the brand in the consumers’ minds (Heller, 2000, p. 142). After watching sexual and shocking advert, consumers are likely to recall the advert at all times especially when a need arises. They are likely to share information with their friends leading to wide information coverage. Sex appeal marketing strategy engages and entertains target audience, particularly when presenting fantasy elements. This causes them to buy marketers’ products and services. Contrary to this, some people may argue that sexual appeal is not a decent form of advertising. For instance, religious conservatives view it as immodest, and feminists claim that it causes sexism. However, this is not the case. Sex appeal marketing strategy is only used to market products and services. Those who perceive it negatively are in most cases guided by fallacies that do not exist. They may also be naïve in terms of marketing businesses. Many research studies indicate that businesses that use sex appeal marketing strategy are more likely to succeed in increasing their sales and profit than those that do not. De
Read this essay on art to learn more about knowing, identifying, and understanding the qualities of art. Art is an object that possesses beauty, admired and appreciated by the people, and cannot be found anywhere but in particular places where people can visit. Creating artwork, therefore, requires excellent imagination to give the piece of work the desired aesthetic value. The works of Art in the Ancient culture were of various forms which included architecture, sculpture, and graphic arts (Funch, 1999). Architecture and sculpture are the oldest forms of art that existed and still exist in the present day. For example, the pyramids that are among the tallest structures in the world. The primary materials used in architecture were stone, wood, and glass. The sculpture also used stone and wood. Other materials used in sculpture included bronze, marble, silver, copper, wood, and clay. The two techniques involved were carving and casting. Carving means subtracting material to get the desired figure while casting is adding material to obtain the desired figure (Carroll & Eurich, 1992). Initially, a two-dimensional form of work was used for both architecture and sculpture, but as art advanced through the ages, the two-dimensional form of work was applied. The materials used for both architecture and sculpture included wood and stone. Sculptures also used marble, copper, bronze, silver, and clay. Sculpture and architecture employed some techniques and processes that were similar to arrive at the final desired object. Carving and casting were mainly used in sculpture which was also practiced in some parts of architectural objects to obtain the shapes required. The sculptures were painted using the colors of the natural things they represent, while architectural objects were painted according to their use, and the message they portrayed. Materials were put together in a line to form the shape aimed at both architecture and sculpture. The texture is the roughness or smoothness of a surface as is seen when it is illuminated by light. Different materials have different textures so the artist can make materials of the textures he requires. Most sculptured objects have a smooth finish, while architectural objects are rough. The value of an Art depends on the materials used to make it, its size, and the image it represents. The beauty and the natural appearance of an object are found in its symmetry(Art Through the Ages, n.d.). This is used mainly in sculptures of animal or human images to display the true natural appearance. The artists obtained a balance by making symmetrical sculptures and some architectural objects like the pyramids in Egypt. The balance was achieved to give the art natural beauty and safety (Parker, 2003). The work of art always carries a subject matter. Sculptures of animals by the people of the past appreciated the mysterious way that a supernatural being created the world. Architectural buildings were sacred places and symbolized the presence of God, a sign of adherence to traditional values and way of accompanying death after life. Works
This paper will highlight and examine some of the reasons leading to non-completion of dissertation among the doctoral students in colleges. Completion of doctoral career has several conditions and policies which students must adhere to based on institution’s policies and guidelines relating to various courses. Such requirements include residency and successful completion of oral and written groundwork tests. Several students fail to complete doctoral courses because of failure to satisfy and fulfill basic requirements. For this reason, it is important to examine and analyze some of the possible obstacles to successful completion of dissertation. Several factors including financial and time management among others notably impede successful completion of doctoral dissertation. In particular, inadequate finances towards research findings remain one of the most serious factors leading to non-completion among the doctoral students (Brause, 2000). To begin, successful completion of oral and written examinations form preliminary requirement towards successful completion of doctoral courses. Dissertation requirements serve two prime purposes in preparing the students to career expectation. First, it equips the student with necessary skills and experience in relevant field because of intensive topic coverage during research work. Secondly, dissertation promotes information and knowledge gathering among students relevant in bridging information gaps in research works. With high rates of non- completion cases among the doctoral students, it is important to assess obstacles contributing to such trends. In comparison to other programs such as masters, doctoral courses reflect scholarly nature of learning institution because of substantial amount of resources involved. One of the remarkable contributing factors to high non-competition cases is high scale of stress resulting from exhaustible work (Cooper, 2011). The stress of this nature takes two key perspectives for instance, social and task sense. Students find it difficult to socialize with the friends and other important family members because of commitments required during the stage of independent research. On the other hand, task-stress emanates from a common assumption that most students never complete dissertation requirements because of internal work pressure. Secondly, extensive fieldwork increases likelihood of n