ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Innovations in internet technologies have affected various facets of an individual life, in the flow, transmission of information and enjoyment. Internet technologies improve efficiency, reliability and timely distribution of information as well as shaping “dating world” of people across the globe (Cooper et al, 2000). Mantovani (2001) attests that internet mediated communications provides a new pattern of meeting people and forming long-term relationships. According to Albright and Conran (2003), the internet simplifies interaction among people located in varying destinations within a short because of its reasonable costs. This advantage makes the internet –mediated technology better suited for arguing online romance. Lawson and Leck (2006) argue the internet and its technologies have altered understanding sex, dating and romantic relationship of individuals. Hence, it will remain a future platform where romantic relationships will be framed. Cyber – Love and Cyber-flirting Online dating of late has become a booming business. This has been a reality to many people because of the internet driven technology. The technology has revolutionized the trend of falling in love. Traditionally, online dating was a solution to many when off-line dating failed. Merkle and Richardson (2000) view the role of the internet mediated communication as a basis of forming online friendship. When this bond develops, individuals begin to experience a shift towards a more intimate relationship leading to a date or in other words, romantic relationship. This is termed cyber-love. This is characterized with secure attachment, cyber flirting and romantic gestures (Levine, 2000). Attachment creates a crisis of continuously being online, interacting and sharing love with someone and ultimately meeting. Among the teenagers or youth in general, early period of their growth is critical, hence. They feel a lack of affection. They feel attached to loving and romantic settings, caring and online chat grants this feature. Merkle and Richardson (2000) argue that teenagers view an online presence as valuable because they can find someone who is passionate, caring and understanding. According to Whitty and Carr (2003), progress in fixing a dating bond encompasses online romantic gestures. E-dating gestures work in underpinning the flourishing interests in intimate friendship. This is expressed in sending, e-smiles, emoticons and e-card. Romantic gestures are tied with cyber-flirting. Flirting is an action that suggests a message of arousing interest (Alapack et al, 2005). Cyber-flirting is characterized by a verbal dance, in which a barrier or sexuality intend of a person is not clearly known. This is to explain that, cyber-flirting differs with online gestures in that the former; the interests of sexual attachment may not be forthcoming. In e-dating, signs of love are evident unlike in cyber-flirting. The message is primarily about sex (Wallace, 1999). Individuals involved
Introduction Contrary to the present state of the African-American natives; socially, economically, and politically, in the past, individuals mostly of the American white origin, segregated this group hence, oppressing them through oppressive power control mechanisms. In addition, to ensure this community never succeeded in any of their endeavors, the whites exercised full control of the political, social, and economic systems hence, making natives of the African-American culture to suffer a lot. Although this was the scenario, for a very long time, realization of the African-Americans that there is a lot they could achieve on their own, as far as securing their freedom from such oppressions was concerned led to the rise of many freedom movements. The birth of these movements and the continual struggle for liberation led to the emerging of very strong political activists, whose main mandate was to ensure black Americans enjoyed the same freedom as other American natives; a war that faced a lot of antagonism, because the whites thwarted such efforts by using all mechanisms they had at their disposal. Although many leaders emerged as the struggle become serious, two leaders of this community will forever receive recognition in the American History namely: Booker T, Washington and his greatest opposer W.E.B. Dubois (Moore pp.3-13). It is important to note that, although these two individuals had one thing in common; to free the African-American community from extreme oppression and segregation they had suffered from for a very long time, their approach to the entire liberation concept was very different. Discussion on Ideas of W.E.B. Dubois and Booker T. Washington To some extent, critical analysis of their ideological stances clearly show that, this individuals backgrounds was the primary element, which shaped their ideological views on mechanisms that were necessary in the struggle for liberation of the African-American community; commonly called the Negros. That is, unlike Dubois who was a pure black from the North, Washington, had a southern affiliation, with parents of different ethnicities; a black mother and a white father; a fact which majority of scholars associate to his biased views on the liberation war. Although Dubois was African, his love for education gave him a chance of studying in Europe hence, his liking of the socialism and communism ideology of living. Washington’s early life history greatly varied from Dubois in that, through his early life was that of slavery and oppression; hence, his believe in the concept of pleasing his oppressors, as a survival and liberation mechanism (Henry p. 1 and Moore pp.61-72). According to Washington, although education had a role to play as far as the war was concerned, its contributions were too mini
This paper discusses whether Zoom Car Company’s conduct of selling a car with faulty dashboard compass to Daniel Boone constituted a tort as presented in the hypothetical case? This question is significant because Zoom Car Company can only be held liable for Daniel Boone’s loss if its action significantly contributed to Daniel Boone’s physical harm. Zoom Car Company committed an unintentional tort by selling a car with faulty dashboard compass to Daniel Boone. Under torts law, Zoom Car Company should assume liability for any accident that occurs as a result of faults in its cars. Even though Corrigan Rulers Compasses and Slide Rules, Inc. also committed a tort by selling a faulty dashboard compass to Zoom Car Company, it is the responsibility of Zoom Car Company to ensure that all dashboard compasses are in good condition before installing then in their cars. It is clear from the facts provided in the hypothetical case that Daniel Boone, the plaintiff suffered physical injury. It is also clear from the facts in the case that the plaintiff got lost while driving at night and drove into a high crime area mainly due to the faulty dashboard compass installed in his car. The main reason why the plaintiff opted to buy a car from Zoom Car Company was the fact that its cars had dashboard compasses and would thus assist him in finding his direction whenever he is lost. Daniel Boone’s loss was largely caused by the fact that his dashboard compass was faulty. It is as a result of this that Daniel Boone found himself in a high crime area and
Edith Wharton’s “House of Mirth” is a masterpiece that focuses on the concept of survival-for-the-fittest. The book supports the idea that every society will have successful and unsuccessful people. The issue of human behavior is also portrayed from a realist perspective. The author seeks to support the argument that human happiness is something that can never be purchased (Wharton, 2002). The author uses different characters to analyze the evils and opportunities that define every society. The portrayal of different characters such as Lily Bart shows the irresponsibility, corruption, and immoral attributes associated with the society’s upper class (Wharton, 2002). As well, the protagonist is unable to get a desirable husband. This is something unexpected because Lily was educated, groomed, and raised to marry an economically-stable man. These aspects make Edith Wharton’s “House of Mirth” an inspirational novel that describes the realities associated with human life. People can therefore read this masterpiece to understand the opportunities, challenges, and issues affecting many people in every society The book “House of Mirth” was written in 1905 by Edith Wharton. From the 1850s, different thinkers began to focus on the reality of things without any form of idealization. This practice led to the realism movement whereby many authors depicted various happenings, experiences, and events (Lelekis, 2004). The ultimate goal was to portray the society without any form of exaggeration or romanticization (Wharton, 2002). Many artists embraced the idea that hereditary factors, environmental forces, and social conditions reshaped people’s characters. This historical context is therefore supported by the themes in Edith Wharton’s novel. The experiences of Lily show how a person’s fate might not always be determined by his or her position in the society. The biography of the author sheds much light to the ideas presented in the book. Edith Wharton was born in the upper-crust American society. She soon understood the social, political, and cultural issues that affected many Americans. Wharton was born in 1862. She later observed that the American society was associated with snobbism. She was also educated by tutors and governesses at home. She had the opportunity to read widely and write. She was later married to one of her brother’s friends. The two encountered numerous challenges such as intellectual incompatibility (Lelekis, 2004). The social issues encountered during the time were cruel. This knowledge made it easier for her to satirize the society in the novel. As well, she explored the sufferings encountered by many people in the American society. These issues define the lives and expectations of different social classes in the society. This book therefore explores the theme of slavery vs. freedom. Realism was an intellectual period characterized by aspects of truth and survival. The author explores how money enslaves or frees individuals. As well, the theme shows how men are freer than women in the society. Women who lack money must look for s
Life of Mosby Monroe Parsons Mosby Monroe Parsons was a prominent officer in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. He was born on May 21, 1822, in Charlottesville, Virginia, moving with his parents and seven siblings to Missouri in 1835 (King Jones, 2020). In 1844 he was accepted into St. Charles College in St. Charles, Missouri, where he studied law. From 1853 to 1857, Parsons worked as attorney general of Missouri and became a senator in 1858. He was also an active follower of the Democratic Party and supported the plans of the Democratic Governor Claiborne Fox Jackson to force Missouri to join the Confederacy. Mosby Monroe Parsons in the Civil War During the Civil War, Mosby Monroe Parsons supported the South and fought against the North and its agenda. As an experienced army commander who fought in the Mexican-American War, Parsons was given the command of the Sixth Division of the Missouri State Guard (King Jones, 2020). Under his leadership, the division participated in several battles Carthage, Wilson’s Creek, and Lexington. During the campaign in Carthage on July 4, 1861, Parsons forced Colonel Franz Sigel to retrieve his forces back to Springfield, standing the grounds of the Southern armies. Under the higher command of General Price, Parsons was involved in the siege of Lexington in September of 1861. The Battle of Wilson’s CreekThe Battle of Wilson’s Creek The battle of Wilson’s Creek was one of the most prominent campaigns of Parsons’s military carrier. It took place 10 miles south of Springfield and was the first significant engagement of the opposing armies in Missouri (Spurgeon, 2020). On August 10th, 1861, unionist forces under the command of Brigadier-General Nathaniel Lyon and Colonel Franz Sigel attacked the confederate army to secure their position in the divided state. Both Lyon and Sigel made grave mistakes in the positioning of their forces, which eventually led to their defeat. Parsons’s led the attack on Lyon’s units on the Bloody Hill, forcing the latter to retreat. Overall, the battle of Wilson’s Creek was the first major win for the Confederates in the Civil War. Mosby Monroe Parsons in the Civil War In 1862 Parsons participated in the battles of Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove, receiving the rank of brigadier general in November of the same year. In 1963 he was primarily involved in campaigns in the state of Arkansas, where he commanded troops in several actions, including the battles of Helena, Red River, and Pleasant Hill. In the same year, he suffered a defeat at Jenkins’ Ferry and Missouri Raid. In 1865, like many other Confederates, Parsons was arrested and forced to surrender his command to the Unionist government in Louisiana, marking the overwhelming defeat of the Confederation. Later, Mosby Monroe Parsons ran to Mexico, where he was killed on August 15, 1865.
Who authored the Article? Marvin Harris is the author of the article, The Riddle of the Sacred Cow. A native of Brooklyn, New York, USA, Harris got his master’s degree in anthropology from Columbia University in 1949 and his doctorate from the same university four years later. A student with a writing bent and avid reading habit, he was hired by the university’s department of anthropology where he worked as a lecturer before moving to the chair of the department. He also lectured at the University of Florida during the twilight of the 20 th century where he became the Anthropology Graduate Research Professor Emeritus. Finally, he became the chair of the General Anthropology Division of the American Anthropological Association (Harris xv). Harris has several publications that focus on the cultural and material roots of culinary traditions in various cultures. Thus, his signature tune was the cultural-ecological relationship of a people. Among his publications are, Why Nothing Works: The Anthropology of Daily Life; Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture; Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches: The Riddles of Culture; et cetera. Harris usually adopted a cultural materialistic stance, which posits that the social life of a person is a response to practical problems posed by his earthly existence. Central Issues of the Article and the thesis statement In The Riddle of The Sacred Cow, Harris has espoused several issues that are considered central to the article. To begin with, his thesis statement asks why so many animals are bad to eat yet meat is so nutritious and consequently, one would expect every society “to stock its larder with the meat of every available animal species” (Harris 47). He singles out India as one such society that abominates the slaughter of cattle and the consumption of beef by citing the Directive Principles of State Policy section of the federal constitution. Terming the Bos induces (cattle) apotheosis by the Hindu religion as the traditional custodians of this practice, Harris traces the genesis of cow protectionism from the Vedic people who inhabited northern India from 1800 B.C. to 800 B.C. The Vedic society savored on the sumptuousness of beef, which the Brahman priests slaughtered for people during religious celebrations (Harris 52). The tables were, however, turned when the Vedic chieftains were unable to keep large herds of cattle as a reserve for wealth. As the population grew, forests shrank, grazing fields became cultivate grounds, intensive farming and dairying replaced semi-pastoral lifestyle since they could be fed by cereals, vegetables, and dairy products. When the Vedic gods failed to stop drought and famine among the exponentially growing population, Buddhism emerged as a religious sect, proclaiming the sanctity of the cattle and forbidding their slaughter and consumption. Hinduism adopted this tenet nine centuries later and but sanctioned the consumption of milk (Harris 55). Accordi
Immigration is the deliberate or forced permanent move from one’s country to settle in another county. Immigration to the U.S has been compromised due to population growth, ethnicity, social and economic development, job creation and social mobility. However, many people have opposed it especially during voting periods. The United States of America should therefore adopt immigration admissions and control policies that will enable it achieve immigrants’ labor requirements, reduce illegal immigrants and control negative public opinion on immigration. To be able meet its immigrants’ labor requirements, I would recommend that the U.S enact policies to enhance legal immigration of both skilled and unskilled labor to the current 700,000 immigrants. The immigrants provide increase in its domestic economy as a result of skilled employees pay increase. Moreover, prices of goods and services become lower due to low cost of labor provided by immigrants. It also leads to increased efficiency and capital owners’ benefit from the immigrants’ cheaper labor. Immigrants also do some economic activities that the natives would not do, hence benefiting the U.S domestic market. Today, approximately 21 million immigrants account for 15% of U.S labors are employed while seven million are not employed and do jobs that otherwise would not be done if they were not there. Immigrants also do jobs that Americans would not do, hence do not negatively affect employment. Businesses that are opened by immigrants also account for great revenue increase. For example, in 2002, Hispanic business owners in the U.S contributed 222 billion dollars in revenue. Taxes from these businesses and other immigrants’ activities also raise the Gross Domestic Product. Policies should therefore be enacted to reinforce the implementation of the 1990 Immigration Act that emphasizes on family reunification and employment to be the main reasons for allowing immigration to the U.S. The government should also enact policies that empower the immigrants to start more legal businesses and give them more buying power. Immigrants’ labor will also lead to innovation. For example, the Kauffman Foundation has led to increased innovation index to a 40% above that of the natives. It is also from immigrants’ efforts that the U.S boasts of being the mother of several technology companies like Google, eBay, Yahoo and Sun Microsystems. Policies that enhance innovation and creativity should therefore be enacted to promote these initiatives. For instance, there should be policies that give in
The web-based article, titled “Strategies to succeed in the Fast-Evolving Premium Beauty Market”, illuminates the various innovative strategies that are being adopted in the industry to sustain growth and competitiveness. This paper is an attempt to review the article, with the sole objective of synthesizing salient aspects as contained in class topics and the proposed business ideas. In the proposed beauty and cosmetics business, the salient business ideas are that the business will (1) operate in a premium segment due to the prestige of the brands that will be produced, (2) use premium pricing policy for finished anti-aging products, and (3) employ the direct marketing strategy. The article under review addresses the premium segment issue by acknowledging that, to combat stiff competition from mass-produced beauty products, premium beauty players should underscore the importance of promoting the brand experience to assist in differentiating their premium brands from mass-produced brands. Some of the ways through which such differentiation could be achieved, according to the article, include providing more personalized solutions, increasing innovativeness and creativity, enhancing customer interaction in physical stores and in the digital space, and developing a superior presence across the pricing continuum so as to make products available to a broader array of customers with differing intensities of affordability. The article acknowledges that the premium cosmetics market is exceedingly consolidated and fairly stable and that the justification for minimal movement in industry consolidation is premised on the fact that competition has become more and more time consuming, especially after the appearance of mass-produced beauty brands. Consequently, innovation is critical in the premium beauty market segment not only to provide manufacturers with an avenue to add substantial value to the products for the purpose of differentiating them from mass-produced products but also to continually attract and retain customers through dedicated product innovation. In the proposed business, it should be recalled that the anti-aging products will be made using active and nat
Introduction The middle age is the stage of life past young adulthood but prior to the beginning of old age. The period is between the ages of 35-60 and it is said to be the third quarter of the lifespan of a person. The human body goes through various changes including health, physical development, marriage and leisure activities. Most people at this stage in life begin to revisit their life activities and at times may question what it all means. At this stage, one begins to involve themselves with meaningful activities and matters that relate to family. One takes the roles of taking charge of their life something one never took seriously before. The person in this stage also feels the need to create a conducive environment for the people around and finds pleasure in taking care of other people. The person feels the need to form a stable relationship as well as take care of the family. This paper looks at the challenges that people go through during middle life and how to avoid them. Main body In the period of middle adulthood, most people will have been married at least once in their life. At this stage, most people also declare that they have achieved marital satisfaction more than they had done at the stage of young adulthood. This fulfillment increases afterward by the fact that one achieves financial stability and less responsibilities of parenting when the children have moved out. Research has shown that most couples that are still married after the last child has left the house will most likely remain married for at least 20 years. This is possible only if they had not planned to divorce after the child has left home. (Lachman) However, middle age does not mean that a couple does not experience any problems in their marriage. In the United States, 50 percent of all marriages end up in divorce with an average period of the marriages being at least 7 years. These marriages end for various reasons including the case where the couples’ interests change and they go in different directions. Others couples feel they are incompatible while others cannot deal with problems in their relationship. Other cases include emotional stress as well as falling out of love. These marital problems are also evident in middle age couples and especially among those couple at their early forties. (Willis & Martin 402) The understanding that evolves between two people over time can be wonderful. The perception of love among many adults is the idea of complete commitment, understanding as well as passion. In many middle adulthood marriages, passion wea