ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Proper health is a very important aspect in life and people have always sought quality and affordable medical services when they are sick to ensure they are healthy. Health institutions are working hard to ensure they meet health requirements of the populations they serve. Doctors and nurses have ensured all patients get timely treatment and preventive services to control and manage diseases. In addition, public health administrators have played significant roles in ensuring health services are provided to the population according to required regulations (Rowitz 2008). This paper highlights the role of public health administrators in healthcare institutions. Definition Public health administrators are professionals in charge of managing all affairs of health institutions. They supervise and coordinate the activities of health facilities and ensure there is a healthy relationship between patients and doctors. This means that their role includes creating a favorable working environment that will ensure patients and nurses understand each other to promote efficiency in service delivery (Turnock 2011). Even though the roles of these administrators are not usually pronounced, they are very important in determining the future of health institutions. The most important contributions of public health administrators to improving public health include bridging the gap between physicians and their patients (Rowitz 2008). This means that they have ensured there is a healthy relation among all healthcare stakeholders to promote efficiency, transparency and accountability in health facilities. Therefore, they have enabled health providers and patients to understand each other and this has strengthened their relationships. In addition, they have ensured doctors and nurses have adequate equipment and facilities that will enable them to offer good s
Introduction/Abstract/Thesis statement As online social media sites increasingly become a popular medium for communication and collaboration, another trend has also come about wherein the actions of people online become the basis by which they are judged. This is in reference to cases where people have been fired from their positions, based on their online commentary or actions that they did, while on a social media network. Such actions come in the form of employees posting on Facebook or tweeting on Twitter about how they are generally dissatisfied with the organizations they work for. As a result, employees often end up being laid off. This paper promotes the idea that organizations do not have the right to fire employees, based on their behavior in the web-based social networks, since it is no different from how a person would normally complain to their friends regarding the job (an act that has been done multiple times by billions of people throughout history). Online social media sites are in fact communication-networks, which provide people with the opportunity to socialize and to discuss the issues of their shared interest. Therefore, the views presented by employees are not meant to slander the company in any way. Rather, they are merely a medium by which employees communicate their thoughts and ideas to people they know. Based on the above-stated premise, this paper will seek to clarify the ethics behind dismissing an employee, based on the views they present online when no malicious intent was actually present. This can be conducted by examining the morality behind monitoring the activities of employees online, as well as the ethical impasse that apparently occurs wherein a company dismisses an employee on the grounds of activities that are performed outside of workplace environments. It is expected that through this investigation, the researcher will be able to show that the act of firing an employee, based on their behavior in the web-based social networks, is completely immoral because the concerned policy aims for nothing short of depriving employees of their most basic rights and freedoms, as citizens. In order to ensure the absence of biasness in the would-be-deployed line of argumentation, as to what accounts for the policy’s detrimental effects, this paper will also provide readers with insight into how the policy advocates may go about promoting their views on the subject matter at stake. However, every of the about to be mentioned objections to the paper’s idea that employee monitoring is highly immoral will be countered twice. Body of the paper One of the foremost detrimental effects, concerned with the policy of monitoring employees online and using the obtained surveillance-data, as such that justif
Introduction In this chapter, the review of the existing recent literature on the use of information technologies and interactive whiteboards will be discussed with the focus on global tendencies in education and a specific context of Saudi Arabian schools. The key aims of the study are to identify teachers’ attitudes towards using interactive whiteboards and possible barriers associated with the process to provide recommendations on the integration of this tool in primary schools in Hail City, Saudi Arabia. In order to understand what factors influence the integration of information technologies and interactive whiteboards in schools, with the focus on Saudi Arabian primary schools, it is necessary to conduct the review of literature on the topic, the results of which are presented in this chapter. Education in Saudi Arabia As generations evolve from their traditional way of life to adopt modern ways of life, education is a critical part of the transition. Contemporary schooling systems have the task of creating structures and strategies for preparing students to easily adapt to life in the information era (Bingimlas, 2009). According to Koehler and Mishra (2009), teachers have a leading role in the creation of a favorable environment incorporating innovative opportunities for students to communicate, learn, develop, and replicate what they have learned in real life. The study by Firmin and Genesi (2013) revealed that most contemporary schools worldwide are adopting diverse teaching and learning programs supported by information technology (IT). Wong, Li, Choi, and Lee (2008) emphasized the benefits of the introduction of technology at the primary level of schooling. For example, introduction to technology at a young age helps build interest in learning how IT systems work early on. In relation to classroom needs, DiGregorio and Sobel-Lojeski (2010) explored how the use of interactive whiteboard technology (an example of information and communications technology), or ICT in lecture halls ensure that learning becomes more explorative, engaging, and enjoyable for learners at the primary level. Regardless of these discoveries, the adoption of ICT and other educational technologies has not been met with much enthusiasm in the KSA. Tezci (2009) claimed that ineffective adoption of technologies is caused by unprecedented barriers, such as the lack of better infrastructure and teacher attitudes towards the integration and implementation of technologies into the learning process. A comprehensive understanding of the benefits of adopting technology and the barriers to its maximal integration and implementation in learning institutions will create a better platform from which to review the existing literature and explore the concerns associated with the implementation of ICT in primary schools in Hail City, Saudi Arabia. For the government of Saudi Arabia, education has remained a priority since the late 18th century. By 1989, Saudi Arabia had already created about 14,000 educational institutions, including seven universities, eleven teacher-tr
Immigration bias against the Hispanics has been witnessed in the State of North Carolina based on implementation of Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Section 287 (g)’s implementation in North Carolina has been controversial since it has infringed on the rights and freedoms of the minority Hispanics in the State. Section 287(g) allows the Immigration and Customs Enforcement to create accords with state and regional police agencies in the process of enactment of immigration laws. State officials have been conducting random traffic stops and searches in the guise of napping or targeting the Hispanic community. The implementation of the INA act and in particular section 287(g) in regard to memorandums signed between the State agencies and INA has been criticised. These MOA’s have given powers to state agencies who in turn have been conducting immigration searches in a discriminate manner. Moreover, state officials in the State have undertaken the implementation of these MOA’s with lack of transparency and in defiance of the law. Hispanics have complained of prejudiced abuses and lack of protection from the police. In one instance, a Hispanic mother of four US citizens was detained under the INA act due to her racial status. Although, the law gives powers to state officials to undertake immigration searches, it only applies to undocumented immigrants. The ICE usually focuses on immigrants charged with heinous acts but in the state of North Carolina, law enforcement agencies use section 287 (g) to target suspected illegal immigrants charged with small offences. For instance, in 2008 around 84% of immigrants had been detained and charged with minor traffic offences in Gaston County. This clearly proves that state officials in North Carolina are not implementing section 287(g) as envisaged in the act. Since, section 287(g) is misused as an immigration artillery and instrument for bullying and segregation of foreigners of Hispanic extract. The actions of the state officials contribute to discrimination and racial profiling of the minority Hispanic group in the society. As a result, the Hispanic community have encountered a profound sense of discrimination which has breed mistrust and scepticism towards State and regional institutions. Most of the Hispanic people believe that State officials are looking for justifications under the INA act to repatriate them. As a result, the co-operation of the minority groups in State activities is greatly diminished due to mistrust. According to section 287 (g), state officials are only allowed to screen for immigrants once they are in custody over other offences. Therefore, the actions of the officials in North Carolina are breaches against the law and thus these officials have to rectify their actions. The US constitution has provi
Introduction SIOP is a model and framework which guides teachers on how to plan their lessons. This model is research based and a validated instructional model. This model was intended for teachers of K-12 ESL, secondary content area and classrooms where the language is used in two-way immersion, and education faculty. Instructional coaches and staff developers also use this model. The model benefits all students (Echevarria et.al, 2008). The SIOP model was designed with an aim of helping educators to effectively teach English Language. It has eight components in preparation of lesson, background building, example input, strategies, interactions, application, and delivery of the lesson and assessment of the student understanding (Echevarria et.al, 2008) Analysis of features The content objective is highly evident in the document as it is well defined, well displayed through the demonstrations that were performed in class. This was done by colliding two stacks of books to represent what happens to rocks when they move against each other which were to show the event of a volcano. The language objectives are well met since there was a clear-cut of what the teacher wanted the students to understand as they did their personal revision; thus it would be easy to explain it later when they have an idea of what they needed to understand. Such is a requirement of the SIOP model for effective content delivery (Echevarria et.al, 2008). Use of supplementary materials is highly evident as evidenced by the use of diagrams and maps which brings out a clear meaning and faster understanding (Brown & Wiggins, 2004). There is ample use of learning strategies evident from the frequent use of questions to enable students learn the names of different items used in the study. It also allowed them to learn how to express themselves in different contexts, for example, in this context of learning geographical concepts. For example, the teacher would lift an item and ask its name and how it’s used. This is a content delivery strategy that is aimed at ensuring the students understand the content of the lesson, in a bid to meet the set strategies. The background of the study was well built, as the teacher introduced the concept of volcanoes from the student’s background, which was the use of books thus it was easy to picture the event and link it to the new concepts being learnt (Echevarria et.al, 2008). Conclusion The lesson was assessed based on five features. The total score was calculated and the result attained is 15/20. This is be
The 21st century is considered to be the age of globalization not only in economic and political matters but also in the matters of law. With numerous corporations becoming multinational and not strictly attached to a singular state legal system, disputes between such corporations are increasingly difficult to manage in the scope of a singular state legal institution. As it stands, international arbitration is considered the most efficient dispute settlement tool in the areas of international trade and foreign investments (Born, 2015). Many countries have adopted different treaties and laws as well as established dedicated facilities and institutions in order to enable and enhance domestic and foreign arbitration. However, legal aspects of arbitration still differ from one country to another. In many states, such as Malaysia and Saudi Arabia, which did not participate in any international conventions at the time, the adoption of national arbitration acts was required. In the case of Malaysia, it was the Malaysian Arbitration Act of 2005, whereas Saudi Arabia established its own arbitration protocols in 2012. Consequently, both countries became members of several international conventions regarding arbitration (Born, 2015). International arbitration is a complex and controversial matter, as some countries perceive the practice as an affront to national sovereignty, while certain businesses find the practice beneficial when trying to escape or avoid lawsuits based on domestic court proceedings. As such, almost every country has issues with enactment and enforcement of the decisions made by arbitrary courts. Malaysia and Saudi Arabia both are part of the New York Convention of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958 (Born, 2015). The purpose of this paper is to compare legal arbitral systems of Malaysia and Saudi Arabia, highlighting their similarities and differences, and providing examples of cases they had to deal with. Arbitration Centers in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia Both Malaysia and Saudi Arabia possess their own arbitration centers, which are used to house, process, and handle arbitration cases from various international entities. In Malaysia, arbitration cases are conducted in Kuala Lumpur Regional Center for Arbitration, which was established in 2003 (Nadkarni & Singh, 2016). It provides arbitration, conciliation, and mediation services in the fields of trade, commerce, and investment disputes. It is effectively one of the largest arbitration centers in the East-Pacific region. One of the reasons behind the creation of KLRCA is to provide the facilities for arbitration procedures and supervision of thereof under the rules of KLRCA for settling of disputes. The center provides fair, expeditious, and inexpensive services, and was created to abdicate the necessity to resort to arbitration institutions located outside the region. Saudi Arabia established the SCCA (Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration) in 2014, under the Cabinet Decree number 257 of 15 March 2014, which enabled the administr
Canada’s “system of surrogate justice” Ellis recognizes that Canadians must turn to the administrative justice system for enforcement or vindication of their rights regarding various matters. However, the justice system of Canada is nonexistent. The system acts as a ‘placeholder’ for residents who need help. Ellis emphasizes that for a majority of Canadians who seek matters on legal issues, they only meet a system that is generally not known to them. The nonexistent justice system of Canada has remained uncertain and a puzzle to academics, lawyers and even judges. The system has developed over the years due to an unplanned approach through which legislators have been able to create several statutes to protect important everyday rights and obligations. However, executive branch tribunals have been given responsibilities to adjudicate judicial functions rather than the courts. Judicial functions According to Ellis, critical rights-determining functions have ended in wrong departments, which do not have authorities to perform judicial functions. In an ideal situation, cabinet ministers should not perform judicial functions. However, the common practice in Canada is that many ministers and other public servants have been assigned a rights-determining function that meets the specification of a judicial function. The situation is bad because their rights-determining decisions could be final and cannot be appealed. Judges should exercise judicial functions. Hence, questions arise whether public servants and ministers should perform judicial functions, which are not compatible with their roles.
Introduction Ethics is a discipline that deals with differentiating the good and the bad with obligation and moral duty. Therefore, with regards to the future career in law enforcement, ethics will be useful for the following three reasons:   * Becoming more aware of the existing moral and ethical problems in everyday work;   * Developing critical thinking, decision-making, and analytical skills;   * Understanding how to use personal authority to meet the established goals. Integrity is a characteristic of a person that exhibits ethical principles at work; it is a fundamental value that the majority of law enforcement employers seek in their workers. It is important for the future career because it will help build close relationships with co-workers and the public through trust and honesty. Analysis While all three concepts are important to be incorporated in the work of a law enforcement professional, there are some differences when it comes to affecting the decision-making. The two aspects in which three component
The population of Africa is in bad conditions due to water scarcity, and as it is noted in the articles I have read, African women and children are affected by this problem badly. In poor African villages, it is women’s job to manage the water supply of the family. All water the family needs for washing, bathing, livestock, and gardening is being carried by women on top of their heads through very long distances (Bouwer 394). Pollution of rivers and dams causes multiple diseases; population growth causes increasing scarcity of water. The prices for water in Africa are extremely high, much higher than the prices in the US, and privatization is going to make them even higher as water has become a profitable business for the elite (Archer 398). Conflicts over natural resources are not new to mankind. Natural resources have caused many wars throughout the centuries. Water has become a weapon or a tool to achieve political and economic influence (Otieno par. 1). The water scarcity on the territory of the African continent is a well-known problem. We have all seen scary pictures of devastated African people, dystrophic children, and poor conditions they have to live in. The articles by Archer, Bouwer, and Alao presented a closer and deeper look at the problem; they have shown the issue from many different aspects. I have found them very useful and informative, as many people know that the African population is devastated by thirst, but few realize what kind of consequences may follow. The articles have made a striking impression on me, the styles of writing, the descriptions of horrifying conditions of life in poor districts of African counties made me think how much water I have consumed today and how much of it I have wasted with no appreciation. The strategy of emphasizing the inequality between the countries of the world is great to show people from rich counties what we take for granted every day. The strategy of comparison of prices and amounts of water consumed daily is going to make a definite impact, to my mind. How does water differ from other resources? Rivers tend to be shared by many countries; this is why water is a resource that is especially hard to divide equally between all the territories the river runs through
Introduction The twentieth century brought not only unprecedented opportunities for artists (especially technical), but forced to abandon his habitual vision of the world. In the early century, science has reviewed much of the «hard» truths. Humanist values of the Renaissance and Enlightenment no longer serve as the support person. Now he had to protect them in the nightmare world wars, totalitarian regimes. The achievements of the past seemed irrelevant, and humanity left alone with a formidable and mysterious world, like in primitive times. A Woman with a Fan (After Carnival) Depicting his model Picasso simplifies and makes geometric every shape and size, seeing them as a geometric, enclosed in a body. A familiar perspective in the painting is missing and every detail of her shows as if there are multiple points of view. The colored variant of the picture entirely is appropriate to the goal. Color stresses characteristic structure of each form, it becomes conditional, like «wooden». Obviously, this has affected the influence of African sculpture exhibition in Paris, which has played a major role in the emergence of Cubism (Kelley, 2002) . Picture in picture is pointedly accentuated because its mission is to provide every closed volume and the overall silhouette. Chiaroscuro clearly underlines the heavy tilt of the head of woman with force based on the knee hand, mechanically raised the second hand with the fan. So a combination of geometric forms and movements arise woman, tired and sad, in an armchair. Cubistic works by Picasso are is always emotional, that their allocated among the works of other artists of this area. The theme of woman was always popular among the people who deal with art, among the poets and among the artists. The soul of woman is considered to be the most interesting and unknown area of artistic research. Absinthe-lover The theme of a single woman at a cafe table appeared in art in Barcelona. In this picture, created in Paris, are rejected all the elements of Impressionism. The painting is like a stained-glass window is a lot of dark flexible circuit, covering large color plans. Cafe at the Picasso is homeless shelter. For Yvette Gilber, the singer, perpetuated by Toulouse-Lautrec, there is a description of such cafe: «Here they are – these funny Comedy, eccentric dancers, singers that evening will amuse the crowd song, severity and apery and cause, maybe the envy of his carelessly and merry life; they are, pale, gaunt, with eyes tired, hungry, cold and sick, with the print of suffering and misery on his face. Every day they come to «Cafe De La Chartreuse» in the hope of obtaining engagement, run by impresario… There are many women. Pale in bright daylight, with tight and frozen smile on the lips, made up and powdered with the cheap powder, containing an eye, they too are waiting for any entrepreneur, the services they offer to the remnants of his lost voice and the outgoing youth (Kelley, 2002) . The boy with a dog In winter of 19