ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Article Summary The article is a presentation of strategies that the Lausanne committee developed to address the difficulties of cross-cultural evangelism. The presentations comprise nine sections that discuss the influence of the gospel on culture and vice versa. The authors begin by outlining the biblical basis of culture (Lausanne Movement 1978). They look at the creation of man in Gods’ image, and the command to fill and subdue the earth. When man fell, the perfect culture under the Lordship of God, which God had intended man to enjoy, was taken away and man had to deal with an imperfect, self-centered culture. In the second and the third sections, the authors define culture and look at culture with a biblical revelation. In a bid to understand the relationship between the two, the authors look at the nature of biblical inspiration. The authors note instances when biblical writers used culture as a means of expressing their message, which they interpret to mean that culture is compatible with divine inspiration (Lausanne Movement 1978). The authors look at the normative nature of the scripture where they assert that the bible is without error in its assertions even after it was translated into different versions. Further, they look at the cultural conditioning of the scriptures where there are specific messages for people from a specific culture. The authors state that such scriptures should not be completely disregarded if they differ with our cultures. On the contrary, they are to be interpreted in a context that encourages obedience, but not avoidance. On understanding Gods’ word in the contemporary society, which is the fourth section, the authors outline various ways in which Christians approach the word. One of the approaches outlined is the traditional approach where a person studies the word without putting into context the time and culture when the word was written. The author states that this approach is faulty, as it does not seek to understand the times when the word was written. The second approach is the contextual approach where the reader takes into consideration the context and language used. The authors encourage this form of studying the scriptures. The authors also discuss the content and communication of the gospel and the need for humble servants in evangelization. In this section, the authors look at the appeal of the message being communicated and its relation to the different recipients. They also outline some of the cultural barriers that evangelists may encounter while evangelizing. In addition, they also emphasize the importance of humility during evangelism especially due to the challenges that come with preaching. In the final sections, the authors interro
The important criteria for selection and training of the home visitors for the home-based literacy program Biweekly visits of trained home visitors who work with families require thorough preparation in terms of training programs completed by those home visitors. The selection and training of home visitors should be based on the ability of these teachers to handle children and their families. Home visitors should be knowledgeable of certain psychological approaches that may be helpful during those visits as the ability to read can be hidden behind different psychological problems related to poor comprehension of typed material, inability to stay focused, or unwillingness to learn material under the guidance of a strange person. Information that should be given to families to help them understand what the program is Families should be informed about the functions and duties of a home visitor under this program. Thus, families have to know that a home visit should find an appropriate approach and teach their child to read and home is chosen as the best setting for this course because a child can demonstrate more effective performance in an environment to which he/she got used.
Any time an individual makes a purchase, many factors are often taken into consideration implying people are influenced to go for certain products and not others. In fact, these factors play a critical role in determining what is bought and the usage of the product. While some people are pushed by internal forces to choose certain products, external forces, such as availability of funds, influence others to go for alternatives. It is therefore argued that consumption process, which entails the human needs, wants, costs associated with obtaining a product, the benefits that come with the product, and reactions, will have a greater influence as far as product value is concerned on the side of the customer. A personal mind map on the purchase of a Smartphone would help in explaining the interplay of internal and external factors in acquiring products in the marketplace. The product cost over one-hundred and fifty US dollars, and it is believed to be the best in the market so far. Many young people are interested in acquiring the product because of the services it offers, but its price puts off some individuals. I always dreamed of buying the product for many years and I had to accumulate funds over a long time to obtain it. Internally, two factors, including psychology and personality, influenced my decision to acquire the product irrespective of its high price and maintenance costs associated with it. The external factors that played a role in purchasing the product are social milieu and personal factors. Regarding psychological factors, the focus is on the reasons that force an individual to go for a product, as well as the way in which people acquire certain products over others. In this case, the factors to be analyzed are individual thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and attitudes. In the purchase of the Smartphone, the major psychological factors that influenced the purchase are perception and attitude in the sense that my view towards the phone is positive given the fact the product is considered to represent a certain class apart from being durable. The current adverts on the product prove that only elites have the potential of using the phone and any person having it is respected. Additionally, the phone is simple to use but has sophisticated features that offer something extra than an ordinary phone. Based on this, my attitude towards the phone is positive to the extent of making me confident whenever I use it in the public. Through experience, the phone brings excitement because of the special features, something that plays a role in generating value to any individual in the consumption process. Individual personality, as well as personal factors, such as lifestyles, motivation, and individuality, helps in forecasting customer motivation. One of the leading personal factors in obtaining any product in my life is the lifestyle and I tend to value being connected to the outside world because it increases my productivity. The phone motivates me to accomplish my dream of being linked to other significant people in the global society. Again, my personality is
Introduction Bangladesh is a developing country located in south Asia. Since ancient times, Bangladesh culture and economy has been influenced by China and India. At the end of the 20 th century, the country developed a national system of education and healthcare based on international principles and standards. Thus, poor economic development of the country and lack of financial support of the government present these systems from rapid growth and development. Bangladesh has long been integrated into the politics and economy of the global world. Though, this cultural and social globalization is accompanied by a thinning of internal solidarity. Today, elite Bangladesh citizens have increasing amounts in common (economically, politically and culturally) with English speakers elsewhere in the world, but experience increasing detachment from the mass of the national society. Education system in Bangladesh Education in Bangladesh consists of three stages. The government of Bangladesh controls primary, secondary and high secondary education. the five main categories of education are: (1) General Education System, (2) Madrasah Education System, (3) Technical – Vocational Education System, (4) Professional Education System, (5) Other Education Systems. In Bangladesh, primary education and health care are free. An amazing official statistic informs us that %100 (sic) of all children in the appropriate age band are educated in primary schools. The UN Human Development Index suggests that only % 55 of children go to school during the first three years. The census gathers data on literacy; in 1991 the literacy rate was %41.1, male literacy %53 and female % 35. Since the acceptance of the standard of liberalization, there has been an support of welfare and educational development provision via non-governmental organizations (Literacy in Bangladesh 2009). The best of these can be excellent, but they can be erratic in their education provision and far too many are either amateurish or corrupt. NGOs receive the bulk of their funding from the Government of Bangladesh, not (as many critics assume) from charities. Directly or indirectly, the state of Bangladesh continues to be the major provider in the education field and it is to be hoped that it will hold this role for a very long time, with the proviso that there be sufficient controlling of the actions of educators (Education in Bangladesh 2009). A special type of colleges introduced by the government is cadet colleges. These institutions can be compared to public schools in Britain. Bangladesh spends a small proportion of its education budget on primary schools and a remarkably large amount on higher education including graduate and post-graduate programs. The poor provision of free schooling implies that a disproportionate number of unreserved places at the highly subsidized universities are won by those people who have received a private schooling – a good issue for those citizens who can afford it to invest in the school days of their children, but also a good issues for them not to be concerned to raise standards i
Aim This experiment aimed at establishing the effect of pH on the solubility of proteins. Procedure The protein precipitate was prepared by adding water to 2 g of lupin flour. The volume of the mixture was made to 200 mL in a measuring cylinder. Parafilm was then added, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed by inversion until all of it was uniform. The suspension was transferred to a 500 mL beaker, and the pH was adjusted using NaOH. A plastic transfer pipette was used to add small amounts of NaOH until a pH of 10.5 was achieved. The pH of the protein suspension was adjusted to the assigned pH using HCl while taking care not to overshoot. A 5 mL sample was taken and added to a 10 mL centrifuge tube and mixed gently by inverting the tube for 5 minutes (James, 2013). The sample was centrifuged after which the supernatant was transferred to a different tube. The concentration of the protein in the supernatant was determined using a biuret reagent. 1 mL of the supernatant and 3 mL of biuret reagent were added to a clean test tube mixed and left to stand for 15 minutes. A blank was used to ‘zero’ the spectrophotometer after which the absorbance of the sample was determined at 540 nm. Results and Calculations The concentration of protein in the sample was calculated by substituting into the standard curve equation of the form y=mx +c where ‘m’ was the slope of the curve (0.0705), ‘y’ was the absorbance, ‘x’ was the concentration, and ‘c’ was the y-intercept (0.0215). 0.132=0.0705 (Concentration) +0.0215 Concentration= (0.132-0.0215) ÷0.0705 Concentration=1.567 mg/mL The concentration in mg/mL was multiplied by 200 mL. This gave the concentration of soluble protein in the lupin flour. This value was then calculated as a percentage of soluble protein in lupin flour by assuming that lupin flour contained 60 % (w/w) protein. 1.567mg/mL ×200 mL=313.4 mg. % soluble protein= [313.3÷1201.26]×100 =26.08 % Figure 1: Table of Percentage Solubility at Varying pH pH    Absorbance  Protein concentration in mg/mL
Introduction Hip Hop is a culture of self expression musical art. It was started by Latino-Americans and African-Americans in the seventies. During this period, youth unemployment had risen to about 70% in the United States. The unemployed youths used it to address the hardships and social injustices that they experienced. Hip Hop, since its ignition, has influenced the behaviour of youths from different social, cultural, and economic backgrounds all over the world. Oppressed ghetto people used Hip Hop to voice the social injustice, discrimination, and poverty they experience (Bradley and DuBois 253). Hip Hop evolved from music written by Dj Kool Herc. He used to make reggae beats and recite rhymes over these beats. Before Hip Hop became popular in the United States, it used to be a local occurrence that spread out in the poor neighbourhoods around New York City borough. Since then, Hip Hop has grown to become a very influential culture. Hip Hop has influenced people in poor neighbourhoods to behave differently because it gives them an identity. Today, Hip Hop has become a very popular genre of music and art. Its popularity has been as a result of the extensive air play it receives in radio stations and television channels like MTV. Hip Hop has provided an avenue for oppressed minority’s voice to be heard. Hip Hop has been adopted and adapted by youths living in the ghettos all over the world regardless of the racial, social, or economic backgrounds. Youths living in the ghettos have had Hip Hop as one of the most effectual means to voice the social injustice that they experience. Hip Hop as the Voice of the Ghetto From a ghetto point of view, Hip Hop has been the most fruitful way of getting the peoples’ opinions heard. In his book, Chang is more concerned with Hip Hop as a revolutionary medium, a culture that has become political as people try to fight for their rights. Hip Hop has become a global movement that defines a generation (Ogbar 45). The voiceless youths used Hip Hop to address the seismic change
Telecommunication refers to services that are offered to the public at a fee. Some of the services available at my place of residence include the dial-up cable, T1, T3, satellite, fixed wireless, oc-12 and BPL. These services cost 10, 35,457,50,2000,750000 and 30 dollars respectively (Effy, 2007, p.198). The ratio of maximum bit rate per dollar to the monthly fee for each service is as follows; 5600 for Dial-up,0.0857143 for cable,0.0175055 for T1, T3, 0.02 for satellite,0.0008294 for OC-12 and 0.1 for BPL. Dial-up telecommunication service provides the biggest bang for the bulk (Effy, 2007, p.198). Overstock.com has a higher competitive advantage over other retailers for incorporating technology. This arises from the fact that the firm can access a wide market at minimum cost. In addition, the customers buy or read the material posted on the internet at their own convenient time and price. Over-stock.com has a database system that aids the firm in analyzing sales over the past years. By creating effective contact with their customers, the firm is able to address its customer’s products requirements. The firm is also able to effectively identify the factors that motivate customers in the process of making purchase decisions. The firm’s management team has also instituted a comprehensive inventory management system that enables it to track its sales trend. The new data system helped them to know the strategies that they could use so as to retain their customers (Effy, 2006, p.242). Overstock.com built a new infrastructure with a double database system of the company where the company bought a networked warehouse of the data with back up. In addition, they also used computers that were interconnected to the other seven computers. The results were a remarkable growth in sales of their products. The employee’s motivation level was also boosted (Effy, 2007, p.243). This is inadvisable since there is a probability of the firm exploiting its customer’s information which ought to be kept private and confidential. Currently, it is possible for the executives to capture and analyze the data collected concerning their customers without disrupting other internal applications that could be running. The top management team can also be able to access information relating to their former customers and the records of what has or has not been sold (Effy, 2007, p.243). The firm can also be able to compete with an online auction leader that exists in the global market. The company can also distribute its database to seven -networked computers. The executives will learn about what motivates customers and how pricing strategies affect their consumption decisions. For instance, the management will be able to know the buying behaviors of their customers and the factors that lead to these behaviors. As a result, the executives will acquire information related to the best method to retain the customers
Human sexuality is among the most debatable research topics that refer to the complexity of interpersonal relationships, especially when it comes to sexual fluidity and its peculiarities in men and women. The given aspect can be considered the most powerful driving force that makes a person achieve success and develop his/her personal and professional qualities (LeVay, 2016). Sexual desire towards a certain individual also preconditions particular changes in behaviors to meet the existing stereotypes. There are some behavioral models utilized by various genders to successfully enter in heterosexual relationships, and the approaches typically used by gender-conforming men and women are greatly different. At the same time, sexual orientation has certain flexibility that might result in reconsideration of heterosexual preferences and engagement in homosexual bond. The given changes impact communities and behavioral models in various ways, which preconditions the stable interest to them. Thus, the flexibility of sexual orientation in men and women differs because of significant gender peculiarities. Article Analysis The topicality of the given issue results in the emergence of multiple research works devoted to its in-depth analysis. For instance, Kinnish, Strassberg, and Turner (2005) delve into the peculiarities of sexual orientation. Sexual orientation remains one of the central aspects regulating relations within communities and social intercourse, which explains the interest to its stability and flexibility (Kinnish et al., 2005). The primary aim of the paper is the analysis of males and females regarding their preferences and their changes in a particular period of time. The doctrine that dominated in past several decades stated that sexual orientation is resistant to change and is an early-determined aspect of all human beings, and Kinnish et al. (2005) critically analyze this viewpoint. In order to test the validity of the aforementioned conclusions, the authors focus on the three basic dimensions of sexual orientation which are sexual fantasy, romantic attraction, and sexual behavior and distinguish between three categories of sexual orientation (homosexual, bisexual, heterosexual) (Kinninsh et al., 2005). These elements are critical for the research as their alterations will prove the existence of particular flexibility in both men and women. The participants aged 36 to 60 were to report if there were any changes that could show the existence of particular flexibility in their attitudes to the opposite sex. The given approach combines both simplicity because of the absence of complex measurements of tools and efficiency as all data collected during the study can be considered credible. For data collection, the participants were asked to conduct the assessment by themselves and complete a self-report survey, and the diversity of research subjects had numerous benefits for the research. First of all, the question about the fundamental stability or flexibility of sexual orientation has previously been studied re
We leave in a world where by sociology is very significant in solving the day to day problems. The social world model is particularly very significant in understanding and solving some of these problems. It acts as a framework for problem solving. The world is supposed to be viewed in an integrated and comprehensive manner which makes it possible to tackle the problems using the best approach (Friesen 33). Factors That Influence Drinking Habits A study is for instance carried out to determine the number of drinks that the affluent students can take and the reason for that particular number as compared to the less affluent people. There seems to be a very significant difference in the number of drinks consumed by different groups of students whether they are philosophical or technical majors. The study is basically carried out in effort to try and find out the differences between the drinking habits of different groups. It is for instance believed that ones social status determines his or her drinking habits and at the same time, the type of job that one ascribes to determines the drinking habit of that particular individual. This idea is particularly used by businesses to determine the class or group to target in their marketing campaign. There differences could be attributed to the income levels as well as their perceptions about drinking. The difference in the drinking habits of the students who ascribe to the philosophical as well as those who ascribe to the technical lifestyles can be attributed to the time available for the two groups and their perceptions towards life and their ideologies as well. Social Cognitive Theory There have been of efforts by several professionals for instance the psychologists and sociologists in attempt to try and explain the drinking habits among students and get a viable solution to addictions among the young people. The social cognitive is just one of the attempts in tying to explain drinking habits among the students and finding possible solutions to the same. The theory has brought new insights as well as understanding into the issue as it focuses on the cognitive as well as the behavioral aspects. The theory tries to explain how behavior pattern are acquired by individuals due to the environmental factors in which these people are found. People always tend to respond to the environment for them to suit into it for instance the people around them. This factor is key in understanding behavior. They acquire certain behavioral patters that make them to suite in that particular environment. This theory is vital designing the various programs that help people to stop their addictions. Alcohol Reduction among Students There are several techniques that can be used to reduce alcohol consumption among students. Some of them include starting programs that are geared towards curbing the drinking habits of the students. Th