ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The DVD “World in the Balance: China Revs Up”, focuses on the fast paced growth of the Chinese economy and its impact on the environment. Within the past three decades China’s economic policy, supported by government initiatives aimed at economic reform, has attempted to remodel the Chinese economy into a global economic powerhouse. The result was the creation of the world’s second largest economy in terms of overall imports and exports and a boom in Chinese consumer purchasing power which has further supported the Chinese economy. Unfortunately as seen in numerous scenes throughout the DVD this sudden growth came at the cost of severely deteriorating environmental conditions where nearly 6% of the total GDP of the country goes into supporting the growing health problems of various sectors in its population. Rapid industrialization coupled with a blatant disregard for environmental stewardship has resulted in China becoming the second biggest producer of CO2 emissions in the world with estimates showing that it should reach and even exceed the C02 output of the U.S. by 2025 or 2030. There are two specific reasons shown as to why the pollution problem has grown to such an extent namely: the rapid affluence of China’s consumer market and the government’s reluctance to impose stringent environmental safety measures for fear of the possible economic ramifications such a decision might cause. As China’s population continues to grow and prosper so to the needs of its population grow ever more complex and luxurious. The result is a growing market in consumer goods that is attempting to meet the demand of an affluent consumer base. At the heart of this growing market is the car industry with thousands of cars being bought, sold and reaching China’s roads. Estimates show that there are approximately 20 million cars as of late on China’s busy roads with millions more to come within the next decade or so. This sudden rise is attributed to the distinction of success that the Chinese have placed with car ownership and as such this has resulted in making China one of the largest car markets in the world. It must be noted that cars are one of the primary contributors to the release of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, with the growing car population in China it is to be expected that the rate of pollution will go up as well. The second reason behind the pollution problem in the country is directly related to the government’s reluctance to place effective environmental safety measures for fear that it may cause
Introduction The aim of this report is to investigate and provide the Best Clothing Company with the most effective promotional strategy for introducing female leather jackets/coats, which is a new product, into the market. Best Clothing is a small business located in Nottingham, United Kingdom, which mainly manufactures and sells women clothes. Best Clothing currently plans to introduce a leather jacket/coat for women into the highly competitive UK market. The clothing market in the United Kingdom is perceived to be very competitive; with most of the clothing companies being large-scale, they can easily lower the prices of their clothes to take control of the market. For Best Clothing to successfully launch the new product, it must employ an effective promotional strategy. This report provides an exclusive description of the aspects Best Clothing needs to consider to launch the new clothing product into the market. The report describes the project rationale; campaign audience profile; campaign objectives; campaign idea; creative execution, marketing, and communication strategies; and how the success of the campaign will be measured. Project Selection and Rationale The aim of the promotional strategy described in this report is to assist Best Clothing to successfully introduce the new leather jacket/coat for women into the market. There are a number of challenges that Best Clothing needs to consider before it plans to launch the new product. For instance, the UK market for clothes currently experiences stiff competition, which could make it difficult for Best Clothing to get into the market with the new product, given that it is a small-scale business. These are some of the problems and challenges that Best Clothing needs to put into consideration when designing the promotional strategy for the new product. The most effective way by which Best Clothing can introduce the new product into the market is by creating consumer awareness about the product. Such awareness can be created through the implementation of an integrated marketing communication strategy that uses the internet, support media, advertising, public relations, sales promotion, and direct marketing. An integration communication strategy that uses all of these communication modes can enable the company to reach all the target consumers for this particular product (Smith & Zook, 2011). Campaign Audience Profile It is recommended that a company should determine its target market before the business embarks on the promotional strategy to reach the customers with its products. Targeting marketing is an equivalent of target promotion. It is difficult to try to sell to the general market; such a move is considered a waste of time and resources. In such a scenario, it becomes difficult for the business to identify the potential customers for its products. The closer a business is to its target market, the more it is able to reach re
The cultural movement period referred to as the Harlem Renaissance, which occurred during the 1920s and 1930s, was full of astonishing literary creativity. Most of the activities of these writers were based in the ghettos of Harlem, New York City, which was largely a cosmopolitan community consisting of rural farm laborers, African-American experts, musicians, and hustlers. Two of the artists who emerged during this period were Zora Neale Hurston and James Langston Hughes. There is tension that exists in the works of these artists. Hurston is regarded as one of the prominent literary professionals of the Harlem Renaissance. As a pre-eminent novelist, folklorist, and anthropologist, through her works, she endeavored to explore the black culture in order to affirm her pride in the race (Haskins et al, 59). Her works were first noticed with the publication of short stories such as “John Redding Goes to Sea” and “Spunk” that focused on black art and literature. The short stories were published in African-American literary magazines. In 1931, she collaborated with Langston Hughes in the production of the play “Mule Bone,” which was never published because of the tension between the two writers, and in 1934, she authored her first novel, Jonah’s Gourd Vine , which was well received. However, some critics said that it was uneven. Her second novel, “Their Eyes Were Watching God,” is considered as her greatest work. Nonetheless, it received mixed reviews as some accused her of failing to represent the African-Americans as victims of the myth of inferiority. Her other works include Moses, Man of the Mountain ( 1939), Dust Tracks on a Road (1942), and Seraph on the Suwanee (1948), and they reveal her increasing conservative ideas in her later years. This made her to be alienated from other writers of the Renaissance period. She was a utopian who believed that the African-Americans could attain sovereignty from the white supremacy that was prevalent in the United States then. However, in all her literary works, she did not address the bigotry of the whites towards the African-Americans. This resulted in the tension with her contemporaries. And when this issue became the central theme among the black authors in the civil rights movement after the Second World War, her works did not receive attention. Hurston further watered down her own standing by barring the civil rights movement and throwing her support to the ultraconservative elected officials. James Langston Hughes was one of the prolific writers of the Harlem Renaissance who authored poems, plays, short stories, and novels. He first received attention with the publication of the poem “The Negro Speaks Of Rivers” in 1921, which r
The article, “Waist Banned”, analyzes the social, economic and health effects relating to the proposed introduction of taxes on junk foods. The article describes the imposition of taxes on junk food as an undertaking that would help to minimize the current concerns on lifestyle diseases. As a deterrent measure, high taxes would compromise the spending of junk food addicts forcing them to withdraw from the unhealthy lifestyle. On the other hand, the article describes the possibility of a failure in the projected effects of taxation on junk foods because of the likelihood of junk food addicts to forego expenditures of important foods such as vegetables and fruits to feed their habit. The author uses the analogy of cigarette and alcohol addicts whose habits remain largely unchanged despite the observable continuous increase in taxes on the two substances to highlight the possibility of a failure in the regulation of junk food. The article highlights the importance of a reasonable approach in the implementation of taxes on junk food to ensure that the effects on an individual’s income are minimal. The author proposes the adoption of measures that would identify high-calorie foods, which lack elements such as proteins and vitamins, as the main targets of taxation. An analysis of the author’s views on the effects of taxation on junk foods highlights the lack of a comprehensive evaluation of changes in consumers’ preferences, which largely depend on the price of goods and individuals’ income. The utility theory describes the fact that consumers must reach a rational decision on their spending and sustain their order of preference based on the marginal utility of a good or service. Taxation on junk foods will increase their prices and force consumers to reevaluate their dietary habits based on the value derived from various foods. An analysis of the concept of income and substitution effect
Introduction Background to the study Over the past few decades, firms in different economic sectors have experienced an increment in the intensity of competition. One of the reasons for the increment in competition is the high rate of globalization. As a result of globalization, management teams of large and small enterprises are considering implementing strategies that can enhance their firm’s competitive advantage. One of the strategies that these firms are considering in order to attain an optimal market position entails expanding into new markets. Czinkota and Ronkainen (2007, p.282) are of the opinion that effective market positioning acts as a defensive mechanism against intense competition. Marketing managers are faced with a wide range of options to select from in their quest to expand to the international market. Czinkota and Ronkainen (2007, p.282) assert that venturing into the international market can present firms with an opportunity to attain their profit maximization objective. According to Czinkota and Ronkainen (2007, p.283), profits act as a main catalyst that stimulates firms to venture into the international market. This arises from the fact that international sales are perceived as one of the avenues through which a firm can attain higher profit margin. Prior to venturing a new market, it is paramount for firm’s management teams to conduct a comprehensive market analysis of the target market. This enables the management team to attain comprehensive market information. From the market information gained, marketing managers can be able to make decisions on the most effective market entry strategies to adopt. Currently, the fashion industry is one of the economic sectors that are experiencing an increment in the rate of competition. This arises from the lucrative nature of the industry which is attracting a large number of potential investors. According to Fernie (2007, p.62), the fashion industry has become very dynamic in the 21 st century. Customers are also changing their taste and preferences with regard to designs. Fernie (2007, p.62) asserts that consumers are increasing their desire for the latest designs. Marriot (2008, p.153) asserts that firms in the fashion industry have also become creative in an effort to attain competitive advantage which is necessary for their survival. The high rate of technological development presents a challenge to firms in the industry. Despite the complexity of the fashion industry, more investors ar
Introduction Buying property has become a challenging task due to many hurdles that one has to consider. These hurdles may include legislation from government and other relevant regulatory bodies, as well as the return on investment of that property in case you decide to lease it out for commercial purposes. In my assesment of the intended property investment choice, all these factors are critical for decision making. The project evaluates the property of interest and thus the information will convince various funders in supporting this worthy house purchase endeavour. National Archives and Records Administration highlight the choice of purchasing houses in Phoenix and this is an advantage as real estate values in the city are mostly similar with other states. Therefore, in considering the Phoenix environment, most people have developed the purchasing interest in houses since the values have been dropping in the recent times. Due to the economic mechanism and financial behavior irresponsibility, policies of Phoenix environment have largely favored wealthy people who have their own interests in American workers. With this in mind, many home owners were convinced of purchasing houses with mortgages which have been adjusted (Miller 331). In the present idea of buying the house, I came to the realization that wealthy people have been taking advantage of the situation, thereby benefitting from accessing homes. Therefore, I have began to take advantage as a possible investor at this opportune time, and I believe this will be beneficial to the project and purge from me the distress of not owning a house. Therefore, in undertaking this cause to buy a single home property, the following convincing steps were followed to determine the envisaged idea thereby providing evidence and financial backing that the idea was viable and worthy. These steps include: Research and Facts This involves the use of information from various real estate agencies and firms that gave a valid information on the prospects of home purchasing and ownership. Analysis The analysis points out the methods used to evaluate the real values of real estates. In this, it was found that the methods used looked at the income approach which compares the sale to the cost of the purchase. Thus, this made us choose the best method which is the sales comparison approach that is considered for appraising single family homes (United States Congress 545). In using the method presented above and looking at the report on sale of property, we calculated the sales in each year based on the capital gains of an investor in comparison to recapturing the depreciation tax rate and the assumptions supplied for appreciation. It is worth noting that the next process involves getting the net value of the property Another consideration is to determine the tim
When we first tried to attempt to make a computer talk, we realized how incredibly complicated that language is. Perhaps, it is because children learn to talk through exposure to language that we assumed that the process was straight forward. As fifty years of A.I. research has shown, language appears to be one of our most intensely complicated inventions, one which even our modern computers began to match. Of course, language and technology have an equal measure of influence upon each other; for instance, “Gutenberg’s invention of metallic movable type elevated writing into a central position in the culture”(Kelley). As we discover how complicated language is, we also move into a new form of language, a visual literacy, that takes place in the advent of the ubiquity of computer screens. Both of these technologies, language modeling and visual literacy, are two interesting approaches that we can take to the ways that language and technology influence each other. The hope of language comprehension software is a simple one: “By giving computers the ability to understand speech, humankind would marry its two greatest technologies: language and toolmaking” (Seabrook). But language comprehension is a far cry from our current experience with language software and recognition. Calling about a bill to any major corporation, one thing is clear – computers have been imbued with a certain level of ability to be able to recognize the human voice. Considering the level of customer satisfaction that most people seem to have in regards to these services, as Seabrook mentions, there is still room for considerable improvement. But speech recognition is in part based upon probabilistic algorithms. Probabilistic algorithms are used in place of real speech comprehension because they have no place in actual language. As the cognitive scientist Steven Pinker said in Seabrook’s article, “the consensus as far as I have experienced it among A.I. researchers is that natural-language processing is extraordinarily difficult, as it could involve the entirety of a person’s knowledge, which of course is extraordinarily difficult to model on a computer.” Furthermore, there are many other factors in language that the current models do not take into consideration; they are the aspects of non-verbal language. While aggression can be modeled and recognized on computer, “The current technology can capture neither the play of emphasis, rhythm, and intonation in spoken language (which linguists call prosody) nor the emotional experience of speaking and understanding language” (Kelley). Emotional content is another aspect that completely confuses computers. Consider for a moment that people do not always understand whether what a person is saying is actually meant to be true. How would we program a computer to understand sarcasm? There is, perhaps, nothing more confusing in emails and written speech when a person uses a sarcastic tone. Bu
Abstract Determinant how to identify and locate or newspaper/ magazine in an e-database is a challenging problem to many people who use online search engines to access and read the articles, making it an important problem in academic research because the volume of the item to search through increases each day. To address the problem, this study used both qualitative and quantitative research paradigms, with the qualitative research dependent on a systematic review of literature on how to create a search statement, the necessary components of the search statement, basic and advanced searches, and how database features enable accurate searchers to be done. The quantitative paradigm was based on an SPSS version 20 analysis of questionnaire responses received from different subjects. The results showed that a search statement consisting of three concepts, features of the search databases, and the use of basic and advanced searches consisting of ley words, concatenated words, and indexing were necessary to optimize the search results to identify and locate newspaper/magazine in an e-database. Introduction The volume of materials such as magazines in e-databases continues to increase each day, making it difficult to search and locate a magazine or related article time consuming and a complex task (Brill, 2001). Despite the availability of articles and other related content easily accessible on electronic databases that are accessible on the web, many of the users wanting to interrogate and locate such articles on the electronic databases do not know the definite rules that one can use to access an article of one’s choice but conduct such searches randomly using search engines of any choice. An additional challenge and complexity arise because most of the people searching for the article of interest do not know the electronic databases they could find the article of interest (Kozlowski & Panda, 2002). However, research has shown that a variety of searching techniques exists with the most recommended being to browse for the article without any specific rules, which later is followed by a specific search for the article in the electronic database of one’s choice and most probable target that leads to an advanced search strategy (Doyle, 2007). The rationale is that most of the electronic databases contain different materials in electronic format and each database has its own contents that are generally described on the home page of the electronic database. However, the skills and knowledge of how the search strategies work has not been explored, leading to the question of how possible it is to identify and located in an electronic database? Research objectives  1. To investigate how to create a search statement using keywords.  2. Investigate how to utilize database features.  3. How to carry out basic and advanc
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/22/countries-look-to-acquire-the-ip-of-vaccine-makers-to-fight-pandemic.html Intellectual property (IP) refers to a class of property incorporating intangible creations established through human intellect. IP may incorporate patents, copyrights, trademarks, designs, literary works, and artistic inventions. The widespread of novel coronavirus disease has caused countries to look into obtaining the IP rights of the COVID-19 vaccine markers. The soaring demand and constrained supply of COVID-19 vaccine constitute a potentially lucrative business opportunity for the holders of vaccine patents, which may also provide a lesson for future businesses. As the death toll from the pandemic elevates, nations are racing to acquire the COVID-19 vaccine and vaccinate their populace. In May, the World Health Organization officially launched a charitable pool to gather patent rights, management test data, and other details that may be shared for producing drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines to curb the coronavirus. Nevertheless, future business owners should remember that interest-free distribution of IP might cause disincentives for potential private investment into research and development. However, reserving the patent for oneself is also a self-defeating tactic. First, the companies, such as Moderna, which make their products accessible to poorer populations, gain a wider audience of customers. Second, the business reputation will improve, which will result in larger brand loyalty. Finally, a company can make more profit by selling the patent rather than retaining the IP. Overall, sharing intellectual property is beneficial for all parties involved. Altogether, there are three ideas related to the vaccine patents story, which future business owners ought to consider. First, knowledge of how to make a product, which is in demand, should be shared because it improves the company’s reputation and social responsibility. Second, selling IP patents at a lower price can increase the influx of customers and interest in the manufacturer. Finally, benevolent yet profitless sharing should be avoided since the investors will lose the incentive to support future projects. Combined together, these steps will help ensure the prosperous management of the business.