ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction One of the worthwhile endeavors that we as human beings can engage in is activities which are aimed at making a positive change to the society. This can be done through the advocacy of a certain worthwhile cause. A particularly worthwhile cause is that of ensuring the health of fellow man is preserved or his pain and misery alleviated. To take up this noble cause for humanity’s sake, many individual activists and organizations have engaged themselves in various activities aimed at alleviating misery or ensuring good health. The United States in particular boasts of a significant number of organizations which advocate for various interests ranging from diabetes, cancer to HIV/AIDS. This paper will review one organization which has been vocal and instrumental in calls for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in America. The paper shall review some of the projects that this group has engaged in as well as significant impacts that the organization has had in America. Name of the Organization The name of the organization is Community HIV/AIDS Mobilization Project (CHAMP). It is a United States based non-profit, non-governmental Organization working to “bridge HIV/AIDS, human rights and struggles for social, racial and economic justice” (champnetwork). The organization is prominent in championing HIV/AIDS awareness and bringing together people affected by the epidemic. The organization relies on the donations of well wishers as well as corporate sponsorship. It does not involve the federal government in its funding and as such maintains an independence from government interference in its activities. At the heart of the efforts of CHAMP are the campaigns to highlight the problem of HIV in the society and sway the government into playing a more active role in HIV/AIDS prevention. This is a worthwhile endeavor for of all the afflictions that have scourged mankind in the 21st Century, HIV/AIDS arguably passes as the most terrible. This is partly because it results in the premature death of the infected and also because there is no known cure to this ailment to date. As such, prevention remains the primary weapon in the fight against this epidemic and nations have invested substantial effort in prevention programs. CHAMP, through its official website, claims that it has made a “significant impact on the framing of HIV prevention in the US” (champnetwork). This is a worthwhile endeavor considering the fact that prevention is the only means by which the spread of HIV/AIDS can be mitigated. CHAMP’s Activities CHAMP is engaged in projects that are aimed at addressing some of the issues that result in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS for example imprisonment. A particularly significant project is the “Project Unshackle” which was began in 2008. This project incorporated former prisoners, people living with HIV/AID
Photography is absolutely different world where things are different from what people percept in their life. Watching the landscape in reality and the same view on the photo (if shoot by the professional), the viewer may not notice the difference as the professional photographer, the artist tries to make his/her photos so realistic and inconceivable that it could be mixed up with the natural. The aims of the photography are absolutely different and different artists see different destinations of their photos. To be specific, it is crucial to consider the photography exhibition by Michael Lichter and state the aim and the main concept of his photos. Having visited the exhibition “The Arlen Ness Photographic Exhibition” by Michael Lichter in Sebel Heritage Hotel, Yarra Valley, Heritage Ave, Chirnside Park, a lot of new information became familiar for me. The exhibition takes place from the 5 th till 13 th of September, 2000, so a lot of people may visit the exhibition and to learn more about Arlen Ness and the sphere he devoted his life to. Starting with the personal impressions from the exhibition, it is significant that never heard about Arlen Ness, the inner world of this person was showed only by the photos. Michael Lichter managed to stamp Arlen Ness in such a way that it seems that the person is so familiar and recognizable to you. Arlen Ness is the world known motorcycle customizer. Motorbikes are the main idea of his life and the photos are devoted to his life, sphere of interest. The main subject of the photo exhibition is the motorbikes as it is understood from the name. Different types and models of motorbikes, Arlen Ness during the work and with his favorite models are the center of the exhibition. Watching the photos, it becomes understandable that mo
Article Summary The article summarizes the findings of a study carried out by Pew Forum on 100 Americans of a different race, income level, gender, age, and location to establish their affiliation or dissociation with religion. The unaffiliated increased by 5% over the last 5 years from 15% to 20% in the US. The current number is 33 million in addition to 13 million agnostics and atheists. The frequency of attending religious-affiliated events is also on the decline. The research has however discovered that 68% of the unaffiliated adults believe in the existence of God. The rise in religiously unaffiliated persons could be attributed to several theories highlighted in the article. These theories are political backlash, delays in marriage, broad social disengagement, and secularization. Specifically, the article highlights these theories as offering valid explanations for the rebellious young adults’ attitude towards religion. As captured in the research findings, the article identifies the young adults (18-29 years) as the majority of unaffiliated while senior adults (65+ years) are the least unaffiliated (The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life 14). On the other hand, the senior adults are the most affiliated while the young adults the least affiliated with Christianity. In terms of social status, the article notes that the majority of the unaffiliated are persons with high school certificates and below. Persons with a post-graduate education are the least unaffiliated. The same trend is noted with the affiliated Christians, that is, the majority of American adults associating Christianity are those with high school education and below. Persons with a post-graduate education are the least affiliated. In terms of the income level, the low and mid-level-income Americans are the most unaffiliated while those in the highest income bracket are the least unaffiliated. The same trend is noted for the affiliated group. The white race forms the majority of those unaffiliated to religion at 66% while the Asians are the least unaffiliated at 2%. The white Americans are also the most affiliated group to Christianity religion followed by the blacks and Hispanics (The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life 17). Again, the least affiliated group is the Asians. The trend could be attributed to population distribution. The female population is the most unaffiliated at 52% of the sample studied. The same trend is noted in the level of affiliation. The article indicates that 53% of those affiliated with Christianity are women while 47% are men. In terms of the region, Americans living in the South are the most unaffiliated religion at 37% of the sample population. Only 18% of Americans living in the Northeast do not identify with a religion. The South again is leading in the percentage of those associated with Christianity at 39%. The article indicates that the majority
Introduction The tenet of religion dwells on the boundary that exists between mystics and thought in the unstable, tenuous, and difficult to identify human culture. The teachings and lineages define cults, notions, practices that are synergetic within a self contained system. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly explore the mystical aspects of Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Taoism as explained by learned scholars such as Elliot Wolfson, Peter Awn, and Eric Yudelove. Specifically, the paper explores the above concept in relation to mysticism, struggles and challenges, and purification practices meant for the mind and the body. Mystical aspect of religion The scholars discuss the philosophical orientation of religion on semi divine and divine links within the traditional mystics. They explore complex questions and beliefs of the religion in the doctrinal age. The development and transformation of these different religious affiliations are presented as venerating different deities that climax with unique interactive hierarchies. On the basis of religion, the scholars are specific on spirit-medium and shared grounds. Besides, versifications are introduced from different scholarly views on the ‘cultivational’ perspectives. These scholars are outstanding in the field of religious research with their deep sensational thoughts on mystics. As a matter of fact, the scholars have created their own thought on religious mysticism as determined by ethics, their determinants, and accompanying premises. In his comprehensive reflection, Wolfson adopts deontological approach which base mysticism on intrinsic characteristics, with consequences being a negligible influence on the same. Awn builds what is commonly referred to as ‘purification practices for mind’ and is actively functioning on self realization and naturalism. Awn looks into the good will, proper motive, first and second categorical imperatives, and immorality as a component of irrationality in his philosophical reflection on religion. Yudelove covers the aspects of practical wisdom, ontology and axiology, pleasure, and contemplative faculty as part of struggles associated with traveling an esoteric path. In analyzing religion, the scholars opine that the only intrinsically and unqualifiedly mystic is religious deity. They assert that the wit, intelligence, and judgment are generally of good value to human life but might turn out to be timid when employed for bad rationale. Specifically, Awn is categorical that the aspect of religion is but just a disposition since it functions aro
Introduction It has been acknowledged that diversity is one of the keys to organizational success. People with different backgrounds tend to have knowledge and skills, enabling them to solve serious issues. Macomb County is characterized by a homogeneous population, but the number of people of color is growing (“Data USA: Macomb County, MI,” n.d.). The county has great potential for growth, but diversity and equity are necessary for sustainable evolvement. The Human Resources and Labor Relations Department can play a key role in the improvement of the situation, making people of color more involved in social life, and enhancing their financial security. However, the organization’s employees have insufficient knowledge and experience to attain this goal, so an education intervention is necessary. Needs Assessment: People Human Resources and Labor Relations Department in Macomb County is characterized by a lack of diversity, as almost all employees are Caucasians (Human Resources and Labor Relations, 2020). The lack of diversity in the organization inevitably leads to limited awareness and understanding of the needs, peculiarities, and competitiveness of people of color due to the existing bias and benevolent discrimination (Romani et al., 2018). At the same time, the number of the target population is growing steadily according to the latest demographic data as the rate of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White people was over 83% in 2013 and reached only 80% in 2018 (“Data USA: Macomb County, MI,” n.d.). It is also necessary to add that due to the financial constraints Americans are facing now, this cohort is more vulnerable compared to White people. Needs Assessment: Task When analyzing the needs in terms of the task, it is necessary to focus on several aspects. Communication is one of the major areas to improve, so the employees need to have proper interpersonal skills and be aware of diverse communication channels as well as the peculiarities of their use (Hill-Jackson, 2020; Okolie, 2020). In order to adopt recruitments and selection skills necessary for improving diversity, employees should also learn more about such concepts as benevolent discrimination, bias, and proper positive discrimination use (Romani et al., 2018; Vitanski, 2019). Finally, it is important to develop a learning organization culture in order to ensure the ef
Humanistic ethics should be discussed as a type of ethics that is focused not on moral laws and principles, but on a human, as well as on his or her existence and well-being. In his work, Fromm explains human ethics as “the art of living” and opposes it to authoritarian ethics (18). However, there is a question about the position of Kant’s ethics in the paradigm of authoritarian and humanistic ethics. On the one hand, Kant’s ideas presented in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals can be viewed as related to authoritarian ethics because of the accentuation of moral laws, universalism, and persons’ duties. On the other hand, Kant’s visions are directly connected with humanistic ethics and the role of a man in the world from the perspective of a giver of moral norms (8). Furthermore, there is also a question about the connection between Kant’s ethics, whether humanistic or not and Fromm’s specific humanistic system of ethics. Although the principles from Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals can be considered as associated with authoritarian ethics or reflecting other views on humanistic ethics, Kant’s work presents a system of ethics that is similar to Fromm’s humanistic interpretation because Kant promotes the idea of human dignity and freedom, an individual is discussed as a norm giver, and criteria for virtues and the good are determined by persons. In order to discuss similarities in Kant’s ideas regarding human dignity and freedom and Fromm’s vision of a man, it is important to define these concepts from the perspective of Fromm’s humanistic ethics. According to the philosopher, the focus should be on the human existence that should be respected, and a person’s freedom is not in being free as opposed to being enslaved, but in being free to become happy and live following ethical norms that reflect the good for this person (Fromm 27). These ideas are also reflected in Kant’s work as he accentuates that an individual is free to assess his or her actions and evaluate their value while discussing ethical laws as not imposed by other persons, but included in the human nature and developed by this individual (42). In addition, according to Kant, “man and generally any rational being exists as an end in himself, not merely as a means to be arbitrarily used by this or that will” (43). As a result, Kant’s man is as free as Fromm’s man, and the necessity of respecting human dignity is emphasized in both works in spite of differences in reasoning and arguments to support these ideas. One of the key statements that allow for speaking about Kant’s ethics as humanistic is the idea that an individual is a norm giver. In order to understand this concept, it is important to discuss providers of norms and laws in authoritarian and humanistic ethics. According to Fromm, in authoritarian ethics, the good for individuals is determined by authorities, and in h
The movie “The 47 Ronin” (“Genroku Chushingura”) from the great Japanese director Kenji Mizoguchi is the screen version of the most famous Japanese legend about 47 masterless samurais – Ronin. Seeking revenge for their master Asano’s dishonor, they disobeyed the Shogun. After taking vengeance on their enemy Lord Kira finally, samurais were punished (or nevertheless forgiven?) to commit seppuku (honored ritual suicide in contrast to hara-kiri). The film was initially divided into two parts: the premiere of the first one took place in Japan on the 1 st December 1941, and the premiere of the second one – on the 11 th February 1942. The second part of the film depicts the vengeance of the 47 Ronin. First of all, it is important to mention the outstanding talent of Kenji Mizoguchi. Despite the vengeance is associated with a lot of action, he has intentionally created the movie without battle scenes, which are typical of the films about samurais. It was made in order to highlight the relationships between people, for whom the “Bushido” code is more important, than their own lives. In the contemplative world of simple dialogs we can see the mentality of today’s Japan – country, where the legend about 47 loyal vassals has become the foundation of the national self-consciousness. Very impressive in the movie is the filming style. In 1941 the movie was a real breakthrough with every extended scene and every camera move, more usual rather for modern cinematography. The arrangement of interior shooting and shooting on location is considered in minute detail. The effect is additionally deepened by the great soundtrack, also non-typical for the movies of that year. Returning to the aforementioned absence of battle scenes, it is significant to mention, that watching the second part of the movie, we can sense, that it is not the inactivity. It is rather procrastinated waiting for something, that will surely happen. The 47 loyal samurais know as well, that in any case they will have to commit suicide following their master. However, peculiar waiting goes on and on, assuming a character of the real tragedy. The hara-kiri of Lord Asano is the borderline of samurais’ lives, as with his death they have lost all the territories and privileges and have become homeless Ronin. It is important to know, that Mizoguchi has been creating his movie under unfavorable conditions of strict censorship of militaristic Japan. “The 47 Ronin” was meant to be the government ordered movie to glorify imperial ambitions. Nevertheless, Mizoguchi was able to turn historical and patriotic movie into great dissident work. Undoubtedly, the director wanted to show us, that person is able to remain free even in the situation of inevitable death. The final scene of the movie is emotionally powerful. Samurais are leaving the screen space one after another and we don’t see them commiting seppuku, despite we know it is imminent. Nevertheless, they are the eternal examples of courage, honor, loyalty and freedom for many generations of the Japanese people. To my mind, the movie is totally worthy
We have described power as the capacity to cause change and influence as the degree of actual change in a target’s behaviors. Ho Ching’s power as a leader has been recognized by many, but would you describe Ho Ching as an influential leader? Why? Personally, I believe that Ho Ching can be called an influential leader for many reasons. Influential leaders are usually those people who are able to both develop an appropriate long-term strategy and use their persuasive capabilities and different sources of power in order to encourage all members of the company to follow the chosen strategy. Furthermore, influential leaders are usually affiliated with some of the wealthiest companies in the world. Temasek Holding, the company in which Ho Ching has been working for fifteen years, belongs to the largest number of shareholders in Asia, which is why Ho’s position is very important. Furthermore, a leader’s ability to influence others can be assessed effectively by considering his or her contributions toward implementing measures that improve the company’s performance. As for Ho, she is believed to make a contribution to her company that cannot be overestimated. With the help of the firm attitudes that she sought to maintain, the company managed to break new ground. To be more precise, Temasek Holding has become large enough to stop focusing only on doing business in Singapore. Indeed, the company is now believed to be one of the most influential ones in all of Asia. Since she joined the company, Ho has managed to help the company grow more quickly and establish new partner relationships, two major contributions that explain why she can be considered an influential leader. In the end, she is an example of an influential leader because she successfully applies the right tactics and helps attract attention to important current issues. Based on the excerpt from Ho Ching’s speech, what type of tactics does she use to influence the behavior of others? Different researchers in the field point to various types of tactics that can be used by leaders in order to influence their followers or partners. As made clear from an excerpt of Ho’s speech, she uses both rational persuasion and inspirational appeals when she has to explain urgent issues that have to be solved as soon as possible. Indeed, her rational persuasion strategy is based upon extensive use of factual information concerning other countries’ performance levels and business opportunities. At the same time, this information helps her appeal to business partners; by giving these facts and highlighting the numerous links between them, she manages to compel these partners to start developing decisions that will help contribute to Asian growth in the global market. Overall
Introduction Business contracts should be legalized to enhance their materialization. Since they provide legal instruments for protection, contracts enhance smooth execution of business activities. There are two types of contracts. These include formal and informal agreements that aid business operations. Formal contracts are the agreements written on paper. The involved parties must assent to it. Conversely, the informal contracts entail verbal agreements, which are prone to breach. In business, operation contracts exist amidst customers, suppliers, and business owners. The contracts are guided by the well-established procedures, and may be influenced by the participating parties. This is a considerable provision in the context of contracts and their enforceability. Businesses that seek to gain competitive advantages should develop strong and favorable contract terms to ensure that its activities are well executed. The business owners must know the parties they engage in contracts, their terms, conditions, and ability to deliver. This will avoid possible complaints and unwarranted damages that may be incurred due to impractical agreements and breach of contracts. This paper discusses the law of contract that guides business operations in various settings. Forming a contractual relationship Notably, contracts are binding agreements that provide legal terms of agreement between the parties involved (Steingold, 2010). When buying products, contracts should be signed to act as a binding provision between the concerned parties. Contractual relationship is the responsibility and obligations of all parties entering into contracts and agreements. It is a guiding principle that indicates the instruments of business agreement. This forms the point of reference when controversy occurs between the parties. They are formulated under voluntary and express settings with the acceptance of the parties. In review of Mr. William’s case, one cannot provide a clear contract in lieu of the facts. Legally, the display of valuables or commodities amount to an existence of a contract. However, it cannot be claimed entirely that the contract existed between the salesman and Mr. William. The display of goods does not among to contractual agreements. This is a considerable provision in this context. It is vital to unveil the provisions of legal contracts and how they can be formalized to validate claims. In this regard, the contract was evident between salesman and Mr. William although it was not formalized. Hence, no legal claims can be made in this context. Both parties were not bound legally. Their dealings were informal hence exhibited no legal grounds. It was important for the involved parties to formalize their agreement to enhance the legal provisions in this context. Evidently, both parties had interest since the sales person was to attract buyers. Concurrently, the customer had immense interest in the product, a provision that is normal in the current market trends. (Steingold, 2010). The issue is