ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There are different classes of crisis as follows; poverty-associated crisis like underemployment and unemployment, environmental crisis (environmental disaster, natural disaster, and endangered species), economic crisis, international crisis, and personal crisis (Seeger, Sellnow & Ulmer, 1998, p. 238-246). In this case, this paper will address issues regarding natural disasters and specifically, the earthquake the recent earthquake in Haiti. An enormous earthquake occurred in Haiti, where it damaged the country’s capital city, Port au Prince. The death toll could have reached approximately the six-figure level. As a result, the nation has been faced with several challenges such as inadequate food, water, and fuel. These inadequacies hindered rescue and search operations. Crisis intervention approach The situation in Haiti was terrible and people who had family members in Haiti could not communicate because the telephone and other communication systems had been damaged. Linkages to family members and outside support teams would have assisted earthquake victims in their psychological recovery. Grounded on the Bronfenbrenner approach, the mesosystem, chronosystem, exosystem, macrosystems, and Microsystems could have been affected in the following manner. At the level of microsystem, in day-to-day life, people in Haiti socially communicated and interacted with various forms of systems to obtain both extrinsic and intrinsic resources. After the occurrence of the earthquake, several people might have gathered immediately to obtain tangible resources such as water, medical attention, shelter, and helping to rescue family members from the wreckage of the earthquake. At the exosystem and mesosystem levels, the individuals of Haiti met with organizations or agencies, inter-communication links (media, television networking, two-way radio), the government and organizational supports. These meetings were necessary, to aid in the distribution of food and water to the victims. In addition, the meetings helped facilitate mental and medical health care assistance at the national, federal, regional, state, and local levels. At the level of macrosystem, there was a bigger pouring of help to assist in the crises or disaster relief at the national level, with other national/countries governments offering to help. Moreover, religious affiliations, churches, schools, and transportation modalities were assembled to deal with the requirements of the victims of the Haitian disaster. Finally, at the chronosystem level, it was significant for the crisis interventionists to view both the system and individual level situations that occurred before the events of the Haitian earthquake. For instance, Haiti has previously dealt with traumas of coupes, earthquakes, wars, and poverty. There had been a lot of unrest in the culture before the occurrence of the latest situation (ABC News. 2010, par. 7). To appropriately coordinate relief attempts for the victims of the Haiti earthquake, one should make sure that the basic requirements of the survivors have been achieved. Delivering the primary requirement for shelter should be a major area of interest. Accordingly,
Introduction Competition in the corporate world has been a never-ending rat race. Businesses all over the world are in a constant bid to expand the whole or part of their cycle. Growth, however, is not a walk in the park for any business. Consideration upon consideration must be made to ensure a smooth transition for change, as it does not come without its fair share of inconvenience. Therein lies the real conundrum: choosing the way and means for growth. In this case, understanding the ins and outs of vertical and horizontal integration as a way of growth is necessary ( Competitive advantage , 2014). Vertical Integration Vertical integration is the process where different production and distribution stages of a product or service are managed by one company to increase its popularity ( Vertical Integration , 2014). There are three types of vertical integration. First is the forward integration, which manifests when a business entity attempts to control aspects that occur after production, such as the supply network. As a case in point, a textile company that opens a chain of clothing shops is an ideal example of forwarding integration. Conversely, when a business unit seeks to take charge of processes taking place before production and distribution, it portrays the second kind of vertical integration, referred to as backward integration. One of the examples of backward integration, that can be mentioned, is a clothing retailer company that sets up a textile factory. Lastly, a combination of the aforementioned types of vertical integration spawns balanced integration. Needless to say, balanced integration describes a scenario where a company controls all the activities from production to supply. In the oil industry, Shell is a quintessence of balanced integration. Regulating production costs and determining product quality are two of the chief utilities of vertical integration. Be that as it may, flexibility and resilience are compromised. Horizontal Integration Horizontal integration, also referred to as lateral integration, describes the merger of separate business entities or the acquisition of one by another ( What is Vertical and Horizontal Integration? 2011). Mergers involve combining two distinct businesses by purchase acquisition or by putting resources together. Acquisition refers to the friendly or hostile takeover of the business by purchase or exchange of stock ( Horizontal Integration , 1999). Lateral integrations are principally orchestrated to increase a company’s market take off. As a case in history, Standard Oil’s acquisition of forty refineries in the past century significantly increased its market apportionment and likewise
Google is fairly regarded as one of the most advanced and successful examples of a transnational business organization. It was initially created as an IT organization. With time, the company acquired a unique organizational form characterized by flexibility, creativity, inimitability, and openness. Google’s commitment to open systems eventually became one of the most distinguishing features of the company’s organizational development and leadership. The purpose of this report is to describe Google through the prism of the open systems theory and provide recommendations for how the selected organization can strengthen its open world mindset. Google is a global technology company that was founded on October 22, 2002 (Reuters, 2012). The company’s mission is to organize information, making it available, accessible, and useful to people around the globe. The transnational nature of information have predetermined the structure and organizational principles used by Google in its performance. Today, the company operates in four key areas, which include operating systems and platforms, advertising, search, and hardware and enterprise products (Reuters, 2012). Although search is believed to be the key area of Google’s performance, in reality it is online advertising that generates most company profits (Reuters, 2012). It is possible to say that Google remains the world’s most popular search engine, and its successes in online advertising are tangible enough to let the company acquire former competitors and future allies, as its owners seek to expand their presence in the global information market. Since the end of the 1980s, many theorists, practitioners, and managers have promoted the idea of organizations as open systems. According to Ashmos and Huber (1987), the systems paradigm includes, but is much more elaborate than the rudimentary systems concept – that systems are composed of interrelated components and that the properties of both the system and its components are changed is the system is disassembled in any way. (p. 607) However, open systems imply that the organization is open to the environment. It absorbs the information that comes from the environment, uses it to benefit its purpose, and gets back to the environment with its products and results. In the age of information and trans-border cooperation, it comes as no surprise that companies like Google seek to sustain their openness in the long run. Eisenmann (2009) writes that for traditionally trained managers and employees, open systems are counter-intuitive. Yet, Google can be treated as an open system on the basis that it has managed to develop a flexible and adaptive relationshi
Introduction Prostitution is commonly referred to as one of the oldest careers in the world and it is mentioned even in the Holy Scriptures. Every country in the world today is faced with the challenge of dealing with the sex trade while in some the trade has been legalized (UNICEF). Great debates surround the notion that prostitution is a means of empowerment rather than a violation of women’s rights (Wilkinson 36). Many people doubt the general assumption that women involved in promiscuous activities are indeed under gender duress. Prostitution has spread worldwide and with the development in technology, the business is growing bigger every day. For the trade to thrive, there has to be a reasonable balance between the forces of a market, which are demand, and supply. Males create the demand while women are there to supply (Wilkinson 47). Many women who practice prostitution look at it as a form of employment, some even forced into it by their families. This essay seeks to argue that prostitution is the greatest form of female exploitation as opposed to empowerment. Men who pay for sexual services are not interested in the welfare of their service providers rather their sole intentions are to use them for their satisfaction. Violation of women’s rights in prostitution Human rights can be infringed in many ways but depriving a woman of the right over her own body is quite demeaning. Prostitution is a practice where such deprivations are a norm and women can be used as sexual tools to satisfy males’ sexual needs. Some women in the sex industry argue that prostitution allows them to enjoy their rights over their bodies. However, taking an ardent observation into the real situation, indeed it is clear that through prostitution the male gender shows their ability to control women’s sexuality (Day par. 6). Prostitution is abhorrently a violation of hum
Lives of people, animals, and plants on planet Earth highly depend on water. Unlike fossils, water is not a commodity, it is the basis of life, and it cannot be replaced by other resources. Community health, food security, and quality of life are the areas that suffer from water scarcity today in many places in the world. The growth of the population provokes difficulties in meeting water and food needs. According to Postel, global water supply per capita has decreased by 63% since 1950, and it is going to decline by 15% more by 2015 (4). Water is extensively used in food production, and its uneven distribution threatens with hunger to large regions. Although people build transportation facilities for water distribution, proper management of use is believed to be a safer answer to water shortage. By growing efficiency of water use for food production, people can build secure and resilient communities that will meet their needs in water and food supply. Food production is mainly based on agriculture, and farming is a highly water-consuming industry. As Postel claims, “it takes about 3,000 liters of water to meet a person’s daily dietary needs” (8). It is evident that water scarcity will damage food producers and cause hunger in many countries where the risk is the highest. Increasing water supply through overpumping groundwater, desalination plants, or facilities to divert rivers was initially believed to be the answer to the problem. However, these methods of water distribution are costly, require high inputs of energy, and pollute the environment. Ironically, building and sustaining such facilities takes more water, so their benefit is minimal. Alternative solutions focus predominantly on the efficient use of water supply, increasing the nutritional value of food per water drop. As irrigation of crops is the main factor of water intake in agriculture, improvements in this process are vital for the reduction in water use. The same amounts of water spread through drip or at least scheduled irrigation can increase crop benefit in comparison to traditional water spraying. According to Postel, only 10% of irrigation reduction can save enough water for cities and industries by 2025 (9). In addition to this, rain-fed lands should be used more extensively, as they require no irrigation. While many countries benefit from such areas, poorer regions still do not make the most of the land that is watered exclusively by rain. It is evident that different foods require different amounts of water to produce them. That is why dietary preferences should be reconsidered with emphasis on less water consuming products. Production of meat takes multiple times more water than growing crops, so eating less meat will be not only beneficial for health, but it will also positively influence water supply. Trading for water in the form of crops is another solution for countries with water scarcity. As Postel suggests, it makes “better economic and even environment
Recommendations about the function of recruitment, training and selection The first recommendation that Ron Brown and the HR manager should implement is boosting their recruitment practices through the use of better evaluation techniques. This method of quick hiring is clearly doing more harm than good to the firm because Muffler Magic is wasting so much time in supervising, disciplining and even retaining its staff (Lorsch & Donaldson, 1984). Instead, the organization should be more strategic in terms of its recruitment practices. Here, it should improve on its job descriptions and well as the analysis of resumes and the applications forwarded to the firm. This also means that the organization should not just end things after a first interview as a post interview assessment could ensure that it is able to deal with some of the missing elements. It should do in depth examinations in the actual interviews and focus on behavioral aspects – not just skills. The company needs to have an applicant pool where it tracks data about the source of that candidate’s information, the qualifications that the individual possessed and the results of the interview. Tracking can be done through the appropriate software. This will provide a unique platform for ranking interviewees such that the organization will have a reliable place to look for candidates when the next vacancy comes in. Interview schedules should be placed at least one week prior to the commencement of the job not at the same time or on the same day as the actual job. The company needs to implement a more effective training procedure than the current on-the-job one. It should teach employees about health and safety, skills and other issues like team spirit. The company should evaluate its effectiveness through an examination of adherence to safety rules, better attitudes in terms of culture, less absenteeism and greater return on investment as a result of the skills put in place Qu
Introduction Slavery is one of the most controversial and critical parts of the history of the United States of America, which is often reflected in the films, books, and series. Nonetheless, the publications and videos tend to portray the situation from one side only without being capable of delivering the overall picture of cruelty. Slavery by Another Name is the film, which addresses the negative attitudes towards the black men and women while using them as slaves for an extended period in history by displaying the unknown and unpleasant parts of the actions of the American government and business segments ( Slavery by Another Name ). Meanwhile, the film tends to depict that slavery continued to exist after the Civil War and its expected abolishment related to the Emancipation Proclamation ( Slavery by Another Name ). To assure the existence of the social and historical support, the movie is presented in the form of the documentary and can be viewed by an extended audience to spread awareness about the drawbacks of slavery, intolerance, and racism among the representatives of different generations. Based on the information provided above, the core clues, which define the selected audience, are related to Slavery by Another Name’s narrative and its ability to explain the situation profoundly with the examples from history while using understandable language. The dramatic image and comprehensive language are the critical elements to assure the delivery of the message to the young generation and to expand their knowledge about the topic, as the aspects presented in the film are vital for the development of tolerance in the modern world. Analysis As it was mentioned earlier, Slavery by Another Name is displayed in the form of the documentary while focusing on the critical points of the history related to the continuation of slavery ( Slavery by Another Name ). The genre of the film allows depicting the issue of slavery from dissimilar perspectives by referring to the historical documents, personal stories
Untiedt looks at some of the key aspects that encompass death, dying and other aspects. He affirms that death is familiar and universal to all societies in the world. Thus, this has ensured that there are tales, activities and even beliefs that involve death. These aspects cannot be separated from each other because they encompass uncertainty and anxiety. Most people do not talk about death because it is perceived as a taboo. In fact, conversations avoid death aspects. Besides, it is a topic that fascinates all people in all societies. Although, writers have written on aspects of death, there are many aspects unknown to people. What does Death Lore entail? Therefore, fear, mystery and familiarity make death the focus of most folklore. This has seen the writing of many articles that try to address the issue of death. For instance, in Texas, publications on the same topic have facilitated folkloristic appreciation and understanding of the same. Besides, this is aimed at educating the people of their culture without interfering with values that are upheld in society. Hence, Death Lore encompasses a number of articles, recollections and other topics on death from other parts of the world (Untiedt, 1). Further, it links the same to the beliefs and values of the people of the state of Texas. Untiedt also explores the resting places of the dead people. For instance, he enlightens the people of Texas on the graveyards and all that go around them. Further, he looks at the challenges involved in cemetery space allocation. Besides, Untiedt brings out some of the bizarre wishes that are made by families of the dead people. What does death encompass? Moreover, the Untiedt highlights some of the death process and the ceremonies that follow thereafter. Besides, he addresses some rituals that are done for the dead. This is achieved through the use of narratives. He also incorporates the work of other authors such as Massingills and Oden to highlight the worth of death lore for the people in various societies. In fact, death Lore highlights different perspectives about death in various societies. Therefore, there is the likelihood of raising many questions rather than giving answers. It has not been able to address some of the aspects that encompass the Texas Death lore. For example, death has not been explored in the computer age (Untiedt, 288). However, this does not deter a person from appreciating all that has been done by authors like Ward and Rushing. Is the research done in the field of Death Lore enough? What is more, there are gaps regarding the Texas Death lore. This has been intentionally left to facilitate other researches on the same topic. This would also act, as a motivator, to ensure that people are involved in carrying out research. Furthermore, this will ensure that there is extra exploration in the field of death. Thus, there will be more sources with
Introduction The human civilization has from ancient times acknowledged the fact that the children are the future of the present civilization. Our modern era also believes in this ideology. This being the case, our society has always strived to ensure that children and the youth are given the best opportunity to excel. However, despite all the good intention of the society, there are still a number of children and youth who continue to be on the wrong side of the law. Cole and Smith note that this increase in juvenile deliquescence is as a result of social, economic and other factors prevalent in this era (13). Policy makes have taken care to ensure that these troubled children are not left behind in the quest for a brighter future for all the children. Measures have been taken to ensure that the troubled children who are charged with offences are afforded a chance to rectify their mistakes and become respectable citizens through rehabilitation programs. This has been through the implementation of juvenile justice systems which have been characterized by their correctional as opposed to punishment role. Despite the presence of a functional juvenile justice system in the country, there has been a marked increase in crime rates among children and youths. As a result of this rising rates of crime amongst youths, policy makers have pushed for the increased transfer of juvenile offenders to criminal courts for adult prosecution. This is a move that is hailed by some as being the best manner to reduce juvenile crimes and therefore safeguard the society’s peace. However, there are opponents to these waivers who suggest that such moves result in the reduction in chances of rehabilitation for the juvenile offenders. This paper argues that juveniles should not be waived to adult courts unless they commit heinous crimes such as murder. To reinforce this assertion, this study will perform a critical analysis of the various arguments presented both for and against transferring juveniles to adult courts. A brief overview of the juvenile court system will also be offered to act as a background for the paper. Juvenile justice system The Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century led to a mushrooming of urban settlements and the number of children living in cities rapidly increased (Sims and Preston 46). Juvenile delinquency became an issue in many cities and the welfare of the urban children became a primary concern. The introduction of a separate system of justice for children borrowed heavily from the ideas proposed by the 18 th Century English lawyer, William Blackstone (Yeckel 331). Blackstone aimed at categorizing people based on their ages and thus drawing a line between the age where one could be held accountable for their actions and an age where one was absolved from any crime committed. To a large extent, the earlier advocates of juvenile systems considered themselves to be on a humanitar