ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The decision is to opt for IP phones. This is so because even though IP phones are cheaper and provide a stronger financial argument, security issues with the system is a major setback for its implementations. This paper presents an argument for using IP phones over Skype even though Skype is more cost effective. The paper uses decision tree calculation to do a financial analysis of the using IP phones and Skype, and then we provide an argument for using IP phones over Skype. First, we will provide a cost structure which will be required to implement and use Skype and IP phones. The set-up cost of Skype is zero as the software is free to download and free to use for local calls. For IP phones, we require a subscription plan of £40 per user for unlimited international calls. For Skype there will be need for Internet access, microphones and/or speakers which will cost £30 to £50. For IP phones the cost of a handset will come to £60. The cost of Skype use per minute is very cheap and with a subscription, the cost of unlimited international calls comes down to £5 per month. And for the same system, the cost of call on a subscription in IP phones comes to £40 per month. But the disadvantage of Skype is in its security issues. The option of taking Skype also has certain advantages and disadvantages. From the above presented financial analysis, Skype is definitely the cheapest option available for international call making. Further making an international call can be free if the client being called has access to a computer. The software is downloadable for free and local calls can be made for free. Though there are international charges for a call but they are much lesser than the IP phone tariffs. Skype provides extensive user friendly options like text messaging, SMS, video conferencing, etc. but it is not devoid of disadvantages. The problem with Skype is its security issues. Computers using Skype can be accessed by anyone and no firewall can stop it (Economist). Further, there are problems of one message being popped up in another computer before reaching its destination; again providing alarming security hazards (Economist). Malwares, viruses, and Trojan horses can be transmitted through Skype (Economist). Further Skype does not provide any recording option of calls or video calls which violates financial and legal obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (Economist). Another problem that opens up with Skype is blogging (Economist). These above stated problems are the setbacks of Skype. On the contrary, IP phones are safe and secure and provide options for call recording and database backup features which makes the use of IP phones safer. As the problems with Skype are related to security, it is advisable not to opt for it as the firm deals with accounting of clients whose financial data are of top priority and security for the company. This shows that using Skype can be highly risky. So the probability of successful implementation and usage of Skype is 0.4 while the loss of misuse and
Past and Present It is a necessity to explain findings discussed in Inventing the Cosmo Girl: Class Identity and Girl-Style American Dreams by Ouellette, as it provides the understanding of the primary concepts, which occurred in the past. Firstly, Brown, who was editor of Cosmopolitan in the 1960s, focused on delivering the message to a particular class (Ouellette 116). One of the primary findings discussed in the analysis is cultural discourse, as this feature made the women feel like special “historical subjects” (Ouellette 117). It can be comprehended, as Brown was the first lady, who addressed the sexism issues and taught her first readers not to pay attention to the double standards, which occurred in the society (Ouellette 117). She wanted to form a particular class of Cosmo Girls, which have a complex and “sexualized identity” (Ouellette 117). Secondly, Ouellette pays special attention to the book Sex and the Single Girl by Brown, as it was an essential element, which contributed to the formation of Cosmo Girl identity (Ouellette 117). The book focuses on the detailed tutorial of how a girl, whose life is a complete challenge, can become successful in the modern world. It covers important aspects such as flirting and budgeting (Ouellette 117). It encouraged women to be financially independent and have active control over their lives. It could be concluded that Cosmo Girl is “a sexualized symbol of pink collar femininity” (Ouellette 118). Brown encouraged women to spend money on cosmetics and clothes to change the personal identity. She paid a significant amount of attention to the articles, which helped women to construct new personal images of themselves (Ouellette 120). It was one of the primary focuses of the magazine. Additionally, the falsity of appearance was emphasized as a primary tool to pursue the changes of personality (Ouellette 121). The articles paid significant attention to the improvement of the outlooks by fake eyelashes and makeup. As it helped cover all the possible drawbacks of the appearance. The ideal characteristics of Cosmo Girl were “white, heterosexual, upper-middle class” (Ouellette 121). The attention of the other races was only briefly discussed in the magazine, as the ‘white’ girl was ideal. However, it was possible to change the position on the social ladder. A girl could use the tips from the magazine and marry to a well-educated man. In this case, the Karl Marx theory could be applied to change the social position. The girls should have a tendency to become more successful, as “Poor girls are not sexy!” (Ouellette 123). Additionally, Brown suggested that the only way to overcome the challenges of the class is “hard work” and “conspicuous consumption” (Ouellette 123). She also claimed that the existence of the class differentiation is a natural phenomenon (Ouellette 123). Furthermore, it was suggested that the identical sharing of cultural capitals was present, and women could transfer between the classes by marrying the right people. Nonetheless, it has to be mentioned that “female sexual desirability” was restricted by the cultural codes “of the working clas
The essay Afraid of Ourselves by Diana L. Eck reveals through aspect of religion that being different contributes a lot to the fears that people have towards each other. She illustrates how this manifests in society by the statement, “In all these cases looking different may sometimes trigger uneasiness and even fear– the fear that we do not know who they are or perhaps that we do not know who we are. As Americans, we are literally afraid of ourselves” (Gary, Robert and Bonnie 696). This fear of people different from what is the “norm” is universal and it manifests in different parts of the world in pretty much the same way. This essay seeks to illustrate how the fear of different people manifests in society. To this end, a recent case of classical discrimination against different-looking people as presented in the sporting world will serve as a guide for the essay. The issue of gender orientation and sexuality has the tendency of eliciting varied response from different quarters of the public. In some regions especially in developing countries such as Africa, matters of sexuality are not discussed in society. This was revealed to the world recently by the attention surrounding South African Caster Semenya; the 800m gold winner 2009 World Championships in Athletics in the women’s category. According to Alan Abrahamson of Universal Sports magazine “Semenya and her competitors barely had time to walk off the bright blue track before questions were raised in the mixed zone, the area below the stadium where athletes interact with members of the media. Those questions continued outside the competition arena. Was South Africa trying to pull a fast one by sending a man to compete in women’s events?” (25). The controversies that later emerged following that win proved that as a people, the entire world is generally afraid of people who are different from them and more so if the differences are more pronounced in the physical aspects. From her boyish looks and character, the other contenders in the race concluded that she was a man and this brought out a huge outcry from different sporting entities. While her mother country South Africa received her as a heroine and sought to protect her privacy the rest of the world went at her like she was a criminal. Sporting organizations subjected her to gender tests with an aim of proving that she was not qualified to take part in the championships. It was later revealed that even in her own country she had time and again suffered discrimination especially whenever she took part in any competitive activities against girls her age. In some instances, she was forced to go to the locker rooms with other girls and pulled down her pants just to confirm that she was indeed a girl. Though the gender tests were inconclusive, it was agreed that she had more testosterone in her body than other women. This is the kind of information that organizers of sporting events want to use to discredit her performance last year. Critics who argue for Semenya’s case have used Shaquile O’Neal as a comparison. They say that the extra height of O’Neal ove
Introduction One of the darkest times in United States history was the forced incarceration of Japanese Americans in internment camps during World War II. As the United States raged war against Japan, there was nationwide distrust and even fear based on irrational and racist tendencies. It led to the relocation of thousands of innocent Japanese Americans into specially constructed internment camps, several of which were located in Idaho. This essay will discuss the events leading up to the incarceration, comparison of Minidoka and Kooskia internment camps, and comprehensive analysis of historical implications for violation of legal rights of Japanese Americans. Leading Events The events leading up to the imprisonment can be traced back to an early 20 th century which led to the beginning of racial tensions. The Japanese began immigrating to the United States in quantity attracted by economic opportunities. Idaho offered work in the beet sugar industry, and the Japanese soon began to find success in farming and merchant trade. There was evident social discrimination from early days which transitioned to legislative limitations by the 1920’s that prohibited non-citizens to own agricultural land. While still relatively small, Japanese-American communities grew, and the majority consisted of U.S. born citizens by the 1940’s. Over 100,000 Japanese-Americans were living in Western United States and as tensions with Japan escalated, so did public and political attitudes. Politicians such as Idaho’s Governor Chase Clark openly voiced racism and opposition to the relocation of Japanese-Americans to Idaho (Sims 103-104). Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 which had the primary purpose of preventing espionage. However, before Pearl Harbor, similar events were taking place as Japanese Americans were removed from sensitive military posts or harassed by the public to relocate. The executive order authorized the creation of specialized internment camps to house anyone of Japanese descent. These people were labeled as “enemy aliens” and were arrested, detained, and not offered the due process guaranteed by the Constitution. The United States collaborated with Canada and Latin American countries to relocate Japanese Americans living there as well. Approximately ten major camps existed, two of them in Idaho named Minidoka and Kooskia. Idaho farmers and politicians believed that having the camps in the state was necessary to put the enemy alien labor to use for the war effort (Wegars). Comparison However, conditions in the two camps differed significantly. Minidoka was a camp supervised by the War Relocation Authority (WRA). It was a massive camp, housing more than 10,000 J
The concept presented by Harvey (1988) displays the paradox when the members of a specific group are unable to manage an agreement. The author provides six subsymptoms of what he calls the Abilene Paradox: “members agree… privately as to the nature of the situation”, “members agree… as to the steps required to cope with the situation”, members fail to explain or communicate their desires, members make such actions that seem to be contrary to their wishes, the counterproductive actions lead to frustration and anger, and the cycle is at risk of repeating if members are not capable of addressing the issue (Harvey, 1998, p. 17). The issue behind the paradox is that organizations often take actions contradictory to the data they have, which results in the multiplication of their problems. To create the map of the paradox, the author provides the following psychological “landmarks”: action anxiety, negative fantasies, real risk, separation anxiety, and “reversal of risk and certainty” (Harvey, 1998, p. 22). Action anxiety leads to negative results because organization members take the actions they see as “right” and “need to be done”. The anxiety emerges from the negative fantasies of the members. Members are afraid to take the risk that might worsen the situation. At last, these risks can lead to separation, which is feared by organization members; members reverse the risks and fears, and the least desired outcome appears. The author believes it is important to point out that the paradox can lead to dysfunctions such as victimizing, collusions, confrontations, and conflicts. Furthermore, it can also result in group tyranny, where the group pressures the individual behavior (Harvey, 1998). Group tyranny can reflect the anxieties and fears of the members who, in fact, do not want to participate in that action. Thus, the understanding of the paradox can lead us to the understanding of group behavior, conflicts, and their possible prevention. The article provides insights into failures of organizations to achieve the goals they set. As it can be seen, members are not always capable of communicating their goals and desires to each other, which adversely influences the organization. Group behavior, therefore, relies on this ability or inability to address the issue. Managing agreements is especially crucial for group dynamics and efficient working process. Various emotions such as fear and anxiety are capable of influencing group dynamics, even if its members do not acknowledge it. The theory of group affective tone aligns with the Abilene Paradox since it also underlines the importance of group’s mood (Forsyth, 2009). Fears created by the paradox can easily lower group’s morale and lead to conflicts within it. What is more, this paradox can also worsen employees’ retention, since it is directly linked to comfort with the coworke
Project Description Change is an integral component of progress in every sphere of life. It is particularly true about fields that use technology and its advances. Currently, health care is one of the areas that actively introduce change projects implying the implementation of health information technologies. One of the most popular technologies that provide evident benefits for health care is Electronic Health Record (EHR). It is widely applied in diverse settings including clinical, long-term care, and even home care. Still, despite its active adoption, EHR implementation is lower in small and rural hospitals (Henry, Pylypchuk, Searcy, & Patel, 2016). This project is aimed at the development of change interventions that support the implementation of EHR in a clinical setting. The focus of this change project is on acute care units where the increased quality of care, patient safety, and efficiency of care are the benefits of EHR that are most significant. The change project includes stages such as planning, selection of resources including project team, staff education, implementation, and efficiency assessment. After the assessment stage, strategies should be reviewed and changed in case of necessity to increase the effectiveness of the EHR application. Also, educational interventions can be altered or organized after the project start to provide staff with more recent knowledge or in case the software is updated. Project Rationale Acute care hospitals and units frequently suffer from nurse understaffing. These units are characterized by high work intensity and exhaustive conditions that can lead to nurse fatigue and burnout. The problem of understaffing can be partially compensated by the implementation of a technology that has the potential for reducing the time spent on routine activities of nurses and an increase in the quality of care. EHR is a technology that can be used to meet the needs of understaffed units and contribute to the overall improvement of care quality and improved patient outcomes. The project of EHR implementation in acute care units is expected to be beneficial for two major parties. First of all, the patient in acute conditions will benefit. They will get high-quality care that is well-organized and delivered timely. Also, EHR can positively influence the reduction of medical errors that are a risk factor in acute care settings due to heavy workload and the related human factor. Consequently, patient outcomes will improve as well as patient satisfaction. The second party that will benefit from EHR implementation is the nursing staff. Due to unfavorable work conditions and the necessity of high attention concentration, fatigue and burnout are frequent among acute care units’
3 strategies that most affect rapid growth in an entrepreneurial venture The first strategy is using the governmental support. Each country has underdeveloped industries, which the entrepreneurs are incentivized to enhance by grants, lending equipment, and tax reductions (Muramalla & Al-Hazza, 2019). The second strategy is taking advantage of the gaps in the business environment. There are always regions where certain products are not presented (Muramalla & Al-Hazza, 2019). Accentuating this deficit and using it in the promotion campaign can increase the revenues and expand the business quickly. The third strategy is cultivating brand loyalty. When there is no shortage of supply of the needed products on the market, the business can attract attention and grow by emphasizing its attitude to customers (Muramalla & Al-Hazza, 2019). For instance, it can the same products but with unique servicing, which will enhance consumer appeal. 3 traits of an entrepreneur that most positively affect entrepreneurial growth The most important trait is opportunity recognition. It enables the entrepreneur to spot the blind spot on the market and see if they present a business opportunity. Without this trait, the business will likely not survive a year (Beattie, 2016). The second trait is self-efficacy. It refers to the ability of entrepreneurs to directly engage in managing and the patience necessary to details. Running a business is rich in nuances, neglecting which will backfire at some point (Beattie, 2016). Finally, the willingness to take risks and innovate is essential in growth. Preferring only proven solutions will lead to stagnation without any development (Beattie, 2016). Therefore, a successful entrepreneur has to be willing to implement innovations. 3 habits of an entrepreneur that most negatively affect entrepreneurial growth The first negative trait is the hands-off approach. Delegating responsibilities to other people without delving into details will cause the divide between the entrepreneur’s vision and the real state of business. The negative second trait is emotional decision-making. Acting on a whim rather than the practical considerations will increase the chances of mistakes. Finally, the habit of neglecting the numbers, statistics and relying on chances is also detrimental. Sooner or later, luck will fail the entrepreneur and cause unforeseeable consequences.
Professor Tuvel’s article brewed a serious argument, which made critics come up and condemn the article. Hypatia, the feminist philosophy article, was associated with a controversy in 2017 April that resulted in criticism of one of the journal authors, Tuvel. Tuvel was an assistant professor at Rhodes College. The journal written by Tuvel compared the idea of Rachel Dolezal white lady, to Jenner, a transgender person. Tuvel tries to find a balance between Jenner, who underwent a transgender person, to Rachel Dolezal, who had a white origin and transform to black and identifies herself as black. The article was condemned on social media intellectuals related to Hypatia supported the condemnation and ordered the journal to be pulled down. In the article ‘In Defense of Transracialism,’ the publisher, Tuvel, asserted that transgender (individuals changing their sex) should be treated with the same magnitude as the transracial (individual changing their race). Tuvel argues that people should be allowed to achieve their identity the way they wish to become, and blocking them from doing that is wrong. For a total change to occur, there should be self-identification first and, finally, social recognition and acceptance (Tuvel, 2017). Tuvel gives an example of an individual converting to Judaism; she says there is no reason for such an individual to be blocked to correct as long as the rabbi approves the transformation with no doubts of one’s commitment to the religion. Tuvel goes further to give reasons that may hinder racial transformation, the claim to be black calls for the experience of being raised in a distressed anti-black racism environment. Transgender transwomen, in particular, are not brought up in a suffering environment, and sexism is not a satisfying reason; Tuvel condemns them for being accepted as women in society. According to Tuvel’s point of view concerning Dolezal, a transracial is accepted as black because she has experienced racism living as a black person. However, the idea of Dolezal being black is objected to because of her origin (Tuvel, 2017). Her parents happen to be white, and therefore she cannot be considered black at any given point; the ancestry matters as far as a person’s race is concerned. Another objection against racial transformation is the feeling of the black people when a white seeks to enter the black race. The black race feels uncomfortable and harmed by the idea. Consequently, Dolezal was contrasted to a blackface (a makeup used by nonblack to bring a resemblance of a black people). Tuvel defends that Dolezal’s change was not archived from the visible appearance and had no intentions to insult the black people and that the transformation was permanent. She identifies it as uncontroversial identification with no harmful intentions. Tuvel supports Dolezal in representing the black woman for several years despite being white and having a white ancestry (Tuvel, 2017). She later resigned in June 2015 after recognizing that she represented black women, yet she was white and had undergone transracial. Dolezal was accu