ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Media is a reliable source of information given the fact that it always endeavors to remain impartial and transparent. Any media source that tends to be influenced politically is most likely to lose trust of the public. As opposed to a hundred years back where media information only reached a few individuals especially in African countries, the contemporary world is dominated by different types of media to extent that every individual is updated with new information on a regular basis. It is believed that information is crucial when making imperative decisions at individual, organizational, community as well as at national and international level. Supply of information is enabled by various types of media such as social sites and mass media. Other sources of information like such engines are also known for having abundant current and historical data. Although other communication sites such as face book and twitter are common in the current world, it is apparent that newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions are preferred to social sites for the reason that they provide one with adequate and impartial information. Culture and media However, it also evident that different types of media found in dissimilar localities portrays different features. The features include way of advertising brands and presenting news among others. The differences can partly be explained by different cultures practiced by inhabitants of dissimilar regions. In many cases, one would easily identify variation in the way politics, business or sports news are presented in a media. Moreover, it has come to attention that media are showing disparity with regards to presenting business news especially when advertising and promoting sensitive products. The way advertisements are presented in both newspaper and radio reflect culture practiced by residents of a given locality. In particular, culture concerns with the way of living of a certain group of people which include religion, dressing code, common food used by a particular group of people in addition to other believes that are normally practiced by people. This paper would like to narrow down and closely compare and contrast two media in different localities. Specifically, the paper will examine tone and language used by a Los Angeles Times from the U.S.A. and The Standard from Kenya majorly basing on their methods of advertising. This will assist in identifying features of different media that directly reflect culture of a specified group of people. Los Angeles Times and The Standard To begin with, it is notable that the U.S.A. is categorized amongst the developed countries in the contemporary world while Kenya is classified amongst the developing countries. In the business world, Los Angeles Times has bee
Introduction In June 2016, the world was taken by surprise when the United Kingdom (UK) voted to leave the European Union (EU). Observers considered this vote an “unusual” one because many people thought of the UK as a progressive economy that stands for economic integration and European progression. Therefore, the choice to leave the EU economic bloc contradicted this view. Since then, the process of exiting the EU has proved to be long and complex (Deloitte, 2017). Based on the protracted nature of the “Brexit” vote, many people have not understood the full impact of the move. This paper seeks to fill this research gap by providing a focused understanding of the effects of “Brexit” on the country’s financial sector. Although the scope of this report is sector-wide, there is a deliberate attempt to explain the impact of the UK’s impending exit from the EU, relative to the international aspects of its financial operations. Here, the scope of the analysis is centered on understanding the threats and opportunities of the move and the models of economic relations between the UK and the EU. However, first, it is essential to review the theories of economic integration in the EU. Theories of Economic Integration Neofuctionalism The neofunctionalism theory was deemed a popular theoretical basis for understanding economic integration in the 1950s and 1960s (Tanja, 2013). In 1958, Ernst Haas used it to explain why the European Union formed an economic bloc in a book titled, “The Uniting of Europe” (Moravcsik, 2013). The theory focused on explaining how cooperation among countries could lead to economic gains and political integration (Kahler, 2013; Papa, 2013). Functional integration is one idea that was proposed by the theory’s proponents when they said that economic convergence leads to other forms of cooperation (Kahler, 2013; Papa, 2013). For example, they argued that the free movement of goods and services often led to the growth of money markets through the formation of a common currency – Euro (CIVITAS Institute for the Study of Civil Society, 2017). The theory also posits that political integration is a by-product of economic convergence because supranational players often want to safeguard their interests when countries merge their economic values (Pradhan, Dasgupta, & Bele, 2013). Based on these tenets of the neofunctionalism theory, its proponents view the European process of integration as sustainable. They also argue that it would culminate in the creation of one political unit that would probably be based in Brussels (CIVITAS Institute for the Study of Civil Society, 2017). Intergovernmentalism The theory of intergovernmentalism evaluates the roles of independent governments in the integration process. While some people fear that governments may become obsolete in an integrated system, this theory proposes that their role cannot be obliterated because they are the legal custodians of the integration process in the first place (Bickerton, Hodson, & Puetter, 2015). Proponents of the theory argue that faster integration is achieved when
Creating accurate, concise, and accessible guidelines that the nursing staff and healthcare experts can use when managing their workplace tasks is vital for maintaining the efficacy of care at the needed high level. Therefore, the project allowing the target audience to have the critical guidelines readily available at all times appears to be a vital addition to the current context of healthcare and nursing. Moreover, offering active dissemination of findings, the proposed concept is likely to affect the quality of health services tremendously. According to Gameiro et al. (2018), dissemination of research findings is likely to inform healthcare and nursing practice by providing the basis for decision-making and management of patients’ needs. Furthermore, with the dissemination of findings as a part of evidence-based practice, nurses and healthcare practitioners will be provided with an opportunity to collaborate more effectively and avoid data mismanagement (Esposito et al., 2018). The latter is a particularly dangerous that since it creates the premise for medical errors, which are likely to affect a patient’s well-being in a most drastic way (Cruz Rivera et al., 2017). Allowing all staff members to receive relevant information without any omission or misrepresentations, the integration of the tools for data dissemination will reduce the probability of a medical error, therefore, increasing the quality of provided interventions. Moreover, the specified change is likely to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration within a nursing context, therefore, allowing staff members to share their experiences and recognize the role of continuity in their performance (Esposito et al., 2018). Consequently, it is believed that the innovative solution described in the post will lead to a largely positive change in the nursing and healthcare environments. However, some staff members may be resistant to the change in question (Esposito et al., 2018). Thus, tools for managing resistance to change in nurses and healthcare practitioners should be integrated into the framework.
Introduction The concept of peace in the Middle East has remained a mirage for a long time with each day bringing a new conflict to an area that is conversant with the issue of war. The largest share of the conflict is centered on the Israeli state. However, the remaining part of the war is fought between Israel and the Arabic states. The Arab-Israeli conflict began in the year 1948 when Lebanon and four other Arab nations attacked Israel in a bid to stop the establishment of the state in a land that they claimed to be traditionally theirs. The land, which is considered holy by the Arabs, was named Palestine with the Palestinians being Arab inhabitants. To reclaim their land from the Israelis, the Palestinian launched guerilla wars on Israel from the nations in which they took refuge after their displacement. One of the nations with a large number of the Palestinians was Lebanon. Israel launched a war against it to counter the attacks by the Palestinian forces. The Jordanian civil war of 1970 forced the relocation of the Palestinian guerillas into Lebanon where they based their war against Israel. However, the Palestinians remaining in the kingdom and those in the West Bank formed a simple majority and a threat to the existence of the Monarchial system of administration. With this hint on the Arab-Israel conflict, the essay looks at the effects that the conflict had on the domestic politics of Lebanon and Jordan. Domestic Politics in Lebanon Before the Palestinians moved to Lebanon to begin their attacks on Israel, the Lebanese community consisted of Muslim and Christian societies, which coexisted after fighting a civil war that established an uneasy peace. Soon after the entry of the Palestinians coupled with the settlement of the Palestinian Liberation Army in Lebanon, a civil war broke out among the Christians with Syria and Israel jumping in to take sides. The Israelis later attacked south Lebanon after the PLO launched attacks on their population. As a result, there has been repeated fighting between Lebanon and Israel, which has had fundamental effects on the direction of its domestic politics. In fact, Lebanon has been characterized for long by power sharing since 1943. This case has ensured that the diverse society gets representation in matters of administration. The power sharing that is based on the 1943 national pact allows the society comprising mainly of religious communities to regulate their conflicts in an attempt to coexist to a certain degree thus counteracting destabilization (Tamirace 4). Since 1943, there had been recurrent strains in the pacifying formulae mainly by the foreign forces represented by Syria and Israel. Po
Introduction Michael Mahoney explores position of computer engineering between disciplinary and professional domains. He starts by giving a detailed history of persistent instability in computer engineering. Mahoney also utilizes historical approach to explore trajectory and origin of computer engineering. However, he focuses his research on findings from the United States. He specifically tackles computer engineering as a domain of professional and disciplinary activity. In this regard, he tries to explore what counts as practice and knowledge in computer engineering. He also tries to define a computer engineer with respect to profession and discipline. Furthermore, he looks into timelines, locations, groups, and actors in computer engineering. Mahoney explores sociotechnical boundaries that have continued to separate computer engineering from its adjacent fields. These fields include computer science and electrical engineering, among others. This paper will review Mahoney’s dissertation to explore position of computer engineering between discipline and profession (Mahoney, 2006). Use of Historical Context in Computer Engineering Mahoney looks at industrial sphere and professional societies from which computer engineering originate. He uses various academic sources ranging from primary to secondary sources with an aim of striking establishing position of computer engineering. He includes variety of documents such as curriculum reports, conference proceedings, journal articles, and trade magazines, among others to achieve a credible outcome. He begins by describing pre-historic events on computer engineering and early historical events. Chapter two to chapter four covers years between 1940 and 1960. Here, Mahoney finds that computer engineering gained its distinct identity as a partially distinct professional through professional societies and industries. Through this, it is observable that computer engineering was mostly professional given overwhelming support it received from professional societies and from industrial fields. Throughout the second chapter, Mahoney accounts for emergence of computer engineering. He begins with emergence of electrical engineering to that of computer engineering. He also defines boundaries that emerged around computer engineering (Mahoney, 2006). Similarly, Mahoney looks at historical context of computer engineering between 1960 and 1990. Here, Mahoney reveals extent of change as it occurred in the field of computer engineering. For instance, he documents that computer engineering took a distinct disciplinary identity and a partially distinctive sociotechnical settlement identity. Apart from dominance of professional societies, academic context also emerged in this period. This showed that computer-engineering field was translating from a highly professional domain into a disciplinary
Abstract Importation of wheat gluten is a worthwhile business in both the United States and the European Community (EC) members. The importation cost seems to be very high for the EC merchants. Apart from economic instability, they also oppose some polices established by the American government in relation to wheat gluten exportation. This ideological difference seems to have affected the two communities negatively. They had no option but to find ideal ways of solving their problems through WTO. WTO has numerous policies enacted to govern the operations of the wheat industry and the international marketing provisions. The importation and safeguarding of wheat gluten is a critical provision in the global market. International marketing is very different from the domestic marketing. Concurrently, some of the biggest problems concerning wheat entrepreneurship are the challenges of the market as shown in the case. The perfect protection actions on import of wheat gluten from the EC dispute settlement, an internal trade dispute at the World Trade Organization is critical. Introduction By the year 1999, both the EC and United States were involved in some sort of consultation. The consultation was mainly based on dispute settlement. The two communities have been having ideological differences when it comes to decision making. Through the help of WTO, each community established considerable marketing and exportation provisions to enhance their global presence. The EC was greatly affected by the rules and regulations imposed by the United States on wheat importation. Consequently, they tried their very best to abolish the law. In the year 1999, one of the bodies known as Dispute Settlement Body, arranged for a meeting due to constant complains from the European community. The EC still did not achieve their target and went on making various sidesteps that they believed could help them. This paper discusses the definitive safeguard measures on imports of wheat gluten from the European Communities dispute settlement, an internal trade dispute at the World Trade Organization. The background, purpose, and effectiveness of the WTO and how the case exemplifies its function By the year 2000, the dispute panel ordered the two communities to write a review report based on their opponents requests. This was to be used by the panel committee in coming up with ideal decision helpful to all (Jensen, 2006). The United States brought in new measures to guide and control import of wheat gluten in the market though the WTO provisions. These were rules generated from one of the bodi
In “Tropicalizations: Transcultural Representations of Latinidad,” a work edited by Aparicio and Chávez-Silverman, the authors discuss the variety of geo-cultural influences that have permeated Latin America and part of the United States. The work examines the concept of Tropicalization and the ways in which two cultures in an unequal relationship can interact and influence each other. I think it is interesting to consider the ways in which colonial nations have constructed their understanding of other nations. Wildly differing perceptions of other cultures and traditions were created, with significantly varying levels of power given to the subject of discussion. As noted by the work, the Latin America region and its variety of cultures have, to some degree, engaged in a mutual exchange of culture and incorporated themselves into the U.S. in certain “contact zones.” This means that the members of these cultural groups have had more opportunities to make their voices heard or to succeed in the colonial environment. Other areas and cultures, with the example given in the book being Arabs, were given significantly less autonomy and representation, being largely framed within the constraints of a bigger culture’s outlook and agenda. While the discrepancy between cultures given and denied exposure is easily evident, I think that the difference between the two can be misleading to the real-life effects of colonialism on people. Something I feel should be noted is that the relative ability of Latin peoples and cultures to engage and shape the discourse around themselves has detriments as well. Its existence has decreased their perceived “status” as a culture suppressed by another. By having a voice of its own, however small, the culture possesses exposure and power. Latin America can be seen as both more empowered than other cultures in similar circumstances while also presenting with less visible levels of suppression to the public eye.
Defining Standards and External Agencies The definition of standards has been given by Lighter (2011, p. 88) as the level of quality attainment of a given product or service. In this case, it refers to the quality of service offered by the Royal United Hospital Bath in reference to the specifications given by the relevant agencies. Lighter and Fair (2004, p. 74) define the external agencies as parties, which in most cases are government regulatory bodies, that closely interact with a given organization with the aim of influencing the performance. These bodies only act as regulators or advisors, but they do not have direct control over the operational issues of these firms. The external agencies always try to ensure that the organizations under their jurisdictions operate as per the set standards. They are also responsible for reviewing these regulations from time to time in order to make the necessary adjustments to meet the changing public needs. External agencies in HSC It is clear, from the case presented, that there are four major external agencies that are responsible for the setting of quality standards. The four external agencies include Care Quality Commission, National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence, Monitor, and Social Care Institute for Excellence. Most Important Agencies in Setting Quality Standards in RUH/HSC The following are the three agencies that are very important when it comes to the setting of quality standards at Royal United Health in HSC:  1. Care Quality Commission  2. National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence  3. Monitor Reasons for choosing the three agencies and how they interrelate In choosing the relevant agencies that are imp
Leadership refers to the process of influencing and managing people in order to achieve intended outcomes. Leaders adopt different leadership styles depending on prevailing circumstances. Leadership styles base on different leadership concepts. However, certain concepts apply to all styles. For example, action is an important aspect of effective leadership. Research has revealed that leaders who focus on personal development and growth not only change themselves but also lead their organizations to great levels of success. The seven action logics include Achiever, Expert, Opportunist, Diplomat, Alchemist, and Strategist action logics (Rooke and Torbert, 2005). Microsoft founder Bill Gates, is an exceptional leader who has transformed the technology industry through his visionary leadership style and great skills. According to Rooke and Torbert (2005), only Individualist, Strategist, and Alchemist action logics enable leaders to transform organizations through sustained innovation. Bill Gates transformed the world of technology through his innovativeness. He believed that innovation is an important condiment of organizational success and transformation. When he developed the windows software, he maintained quality by incorporating innovative ideas into subsequent versions of the software. As such, he continued to develop improved versions of windows during his term at Microsoft. Innovation is a characteristic of the Strategist action logic. Gates’ strategy was to incorporate innovation into the operations of Microsoft and make it part of its organizational culture. This has enabled Microsoft to withstand the unpredictable and rapidly changing technology market. Strategists capitalize on organizational constraints and perceptions in order to achieve personal development (Rooke and Torbert, 2005). In addition, they are able to lead people in ways that help them to overcome resistance to change. Gates used his strength as an effective leader to introduce change at Microsoft despite resistance and numerous obstacles. Alchemist action logic involves creativity, open mindedness, and deviation from commonplace attitudes and values (Rooke and Torbert, 2005). Bill Gates valued change. When he was at the helm of Microsoft, he ensured that the organization changed its operations in order to adapt to changes in technology. This is evident from the stability and success that Microsoft has enjoyed for many years despite obstacles such as patent lawsuits and stiff competition. The leadership style of Gates has enabled Microsoft to be one of the market leaders in technological innovation for many years. However, after his departure, the company was overtaken by emerging technology-oriented enterprises. This was because the new leader failed to adopt a similar action logic that Gates had adopted. Achieve