ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Causes Hepatitis A is a disease caused by a virus called hepatitis virus A (HAV). This virus is carried in the human feces. The virus enters into a person’s body when he or she eats food that is contaminated with the feces of an infected individual (Hepatitis A overview” Para 2) Signs and symptoms When a person is infected with this disease, there are chances that the person may show no symptoms or the person can just show some mild symptoms. Even if a person shows no symptoms, the feces of this infected person will still be carrying the virus and can facilitate passing over the disease to other people. As it is presented by “Hepatitis overview” (Par 3) “the common symptoms for this disease include; loss of appetite, losing weight, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pains, yellow and white eyes (jaundice), and itchy skin among others”. After a period of 2 months, the hepatitis A infection in a person may disappear but it can come about once again in some individuals. The moment an individual is infected with this disease and the immune system has fought the hepatitis A virus successfully; this individual will never be infected again since his or her body is now permanently immune to the disease. Complications arising from this infection may arise but this only occurs in rare cases. There are very minimal chances for one to have his or her liver permanently damaged as a result of this infection. However, in very few cases, the infection can be quite fatal, and mostly among those people who are old and they can have permanent liver damage. Treatment We have no specific treatment for hepatitis A. In most cases, the immune system of an infected person engages in fighting the disease and normal health may be regained after a period of two months of infection. As a way of dealing with this disease, doctors advice the infected people to avoid taking alcoholic drinks and also to keep away from eating foods full of fats. Taking these substances may result in complications for the liver and the liver may not be able to process them and this may worsen inflammation. Prevention Some measures can be taken to prevent people from being infected with this disease. One of the measures that can be taken is that people should wash their hands thoroughly after getting in contact with the feces or body fluids of a person who may be infected. More so people are supposed to avoid eating unclean food and drinking water that is not clean. If an individual was exposed to hepatitis A recently and has neither had this disease before nor has been vaccinated, he or she should inquire from the doctor about being vaccinated or being immunized using “immune globulin”. The most important reasons for an individual to be vaccinated or to receive immune globulin are that;  1. one may be living with a person who is infected with Hepatitis A,  2. a person may have had sex with a person who is infected with the disease,  3. one may
Vocabulary Teaching Strategies Vacca & Vacca (2008) admit that “vocabulary is unique to a content area as fingerprints are to a human being” (p. 142), this is why it is very important to focus on the strategies and techniques with the help of which vocabulary may be studied and developed by students. There are 12 vocabulary teaching strategies under consideration, and each of them has its own peculiarities and own effects on students. Still, there are some strategies which seem to be more effective, and those strategies which may be substituted or omitted under some conditions. The following list of items identifies the most important for helping students learning vocabulary (1), and less important are placed below.  1. Knowledge ratings  2. Definitions  3. Magic squares  4. Categorization  5. Contextualization  6. Semantic feature analysis (SFA)  7. Word exploration  8. Brainstorming  9. Word sorts 10. Semantic word maps 11. List-group-label 12. Concept circles The decision is made, and the strategies are ranked in accordance with their usability and effectiveness. Though teachers prefer to use various strategies and apply them to particular students, there are a number of steps which have to be taken properly evaluating each detail and each outcome. Considering personal preferences and learning techniques, one of the most important and effective strategies which may be used to help students studying vocabulary is knowledge ratings. The peculiar feature of this strategy is that a teacher is able to evaluate what each student knows about the chosen vocabulary and what challenges may be still identified. It is very important to explain that this kind of work is not graded, there is no need to identify the best student or the worst student, and it is not necessary to cheat to achieve good results. The main task of this strategy is to identify what students know, what they do not know, and what they want and have to know. The next strategy chosen is definitions with the help of which a clear definition is given to one particular word so that students can improve their knowledge about the subject. Not less important strategy is magic squares. Though it is one of the newest ideas (Vacca & Vacca, 2008) that may be used in education, it has already established a reputation as effective and interesting activity for both students and teachers. This is why it takes one of the leading positions. Categorization is based on evaluation some technical terms in the most appropriate format, this is why it takes the fourth place in this rating. Contextualization is another effective means with the help of which student’ awareness of vocabulary may be improved. Students should evaluate a text and insert the words which seem
Pan et al. (2011) researched the consumption of red meat in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The research aimed at identifying the likelihood of contracting diabetes as a result of consuming red meat. The researchers followed a cohort of about four million people in order to document the cases of T2D that were discovered. The population included dentists, pharmacists, and physicians among other professionals. The target population was varied across age and gender in order to allow reliability. Results showed that eleven percent of the people suffering from T2D acquire the disease through obesity and physical inactivity. In addition, the researchers found that the consumption of processed and unprocessed red meat had a weak correlation to the acquisition of type 2 diabetes. The strength of this research is based on the effort of determining the effect of eating behavior on health. It forms a base of warning people against the consumption of diets that can lead to poor health. However, the research exhibits some weaknesses that limit its scope. For example, the research has only focused on the relationship between red meat and T2D. This shows disregard for other types of diabetes. In light of reporting the findings of this research, the Times Healthland gave a detailed report on the various aspects of this research. First, the report focused on similar research that has been carried out previously. Secondly, the report presents Pan’s research as the latest research that has been carried out. The presenters articulate the most important aspects of their research including the population statistics, ways of collecting data, and the results among others (Sifferlin, 2013). Importantly, the media presentation has reported on the disadvantages of eating red meat clearly including the increment of body weight. Essentially, the report has reported on parallel research on the life of vegetarians
Culture constitutes the basis upon which the existence of human society is founded. Being the phenomenon that distinguishes human beings from all other animal species, culture encompasses such spheres of activity as painting, sculpture, architecture, cinema, etc. However, there are specific societies in which calligraphy has acquired the status of art and a part of culture. The Chinese culture is most noted for its great attention paid to calligraphy development. The art of calligraphy is rather ancient in China and its roots go so deep in the history that there is, probably, no other form of writing that has been developing for so many centuries on. Therefore, this paper analyzes the two pieces of the Chinese calligraphy art in order to find out their cultural destinations and social significance they had for the Medieval Society and still have for the modern culture of China. As it has already been stated, the pieces of art under consideration belong to the Chinese culture. The period in which they were created is called the Middle Ages, and the authors of the poem and a picture analyzed are Cha Shih-piao (1615-1698) and Meng Hanjiu(active late 18th c) respectively 1 . As the representatives of the Chinese culture, their artists paid much attention to the art of calligraphy in their creative work. The specific features of Cha Shih-piao work include the abstract representation of the world and the focus on the beauty of nature. Meng Hanjiu’s art was mainly focused on a human being and his or her relations with the outside world, nature, and other people. Therefore, the analysis of their works allows seeing the interrelation between the form and meaning, message and the image. Thus, the original object of the pieces of art under analysis is similar to some extent. For example, the poem by Cha Shih-piao was created during one of the periods of flowering of the Chinese Brush Calligraphy Art, i. e. the rule of the Qing dynasty 2 ; that is why this piece of art was supposed to be placed in one of the royal palaces in China to constitute the major riches of the Empire. The original context of the painting by Meng Hanjiu is also mainly cultural. The 18 th was a rather fruitful period for the development of art in China, and Meng Hanjiu created his work to reflect the reality of his time 3 . Accordingly, the appearance of the works is as it is because calligraphy art and painting were two rather close forms of art in China, and the perfection of their composition was crucial for their success as pieces of art. At the same time, the interrelation between the word and image and between the message and the form of the artistic works is rather important in the Chinese culture. First of all, the poem under consideration has the form of a scroll because the traditional Chinese writing is vertical and because the phenomena depicted by the author develop chronologically and there are no more or less significant ones among them. Moreover, ever
Private sector According to Dr. Wilson, the private sector, which consists of insurance companies, health plans, pharmaceutical and device manufacturers, has a critical responsibility in the healthcare system reforms. These stakeholders offer products and services that have direct impacts on lives and health of patients. Wilson recognizes that these stakeholders have responsibilities beyond business in the healthcare system reform. Hence, they must engage in transparent practices and develop products and services that focus on patient needs rather than market and profit driven. Government Elected leaders have curtailed possible reforms in the healthcare sector because of constant bickering. Consequently, it is difficult for any meaningful policy decision or suggestions to be debated. Wilson notes that elected leaders should have legislation and regulation frameworks to serve the public effectively. Hence, they must overcome partisan tendencies, accommodate and understand diverse views across political divides. It is necessary for public officials to remember that they represent the interests of the public and must act as required by public duty. Business Wilson acknowledges that businesses should invest in health of their employees for long-term benefits. Such investments should go beyond providing insurance to encourage healthier lifestyles among employees. It is therefore imperative for both large and small employers to take keen interests in health of their workforce. Employers should promote healthier habits and practical solutions such as helping employees to quit smoking, offering gym membership and providing healthier diet options. Potential outcomes will offer both physical and financial rewards. Healthier employees reduce cases of absenteeism related to health issues, obesity, diabetes, cancer and related costly medical bills for managing chronic conditions. This prescription is effective for external stakeholders to support the ongoing healthcare system reform. It clearly defines how different stakeholders can play their parts to enhance healthcare system reforms in the US. The prescription not only identifies stakeholders, but also highlights specific areas of concerns that require their inputs. Various studies and reports have recognized contributions of different external stakeholders in healthcare system delivery and reforms, and Wilson highlights these issues well. Patients Healthcare system reform is all about patients. Wilson argues that patients must educate and empower themselves. Patients must take personal responsibilities to understand the type of healthcare they get. Patients should make vital health decisions. For instance, families should have insurance, personal physicians and writing preferred end-of-life care. Patients have responsibilities to protect themselves from several preventable diseases. They need to adopt healthier behaviors. Patients must understand that individual health and well-being are critical personal assets and they should not be wasted. Medical students Although medical students have just be
SWOT analysis Strengths The Company has had a strong dedicated and innovative management for a larger part of its operation years.   * Harley, Davidson and the Arthur brothers saw it through the first years of inception.   * The group of company executives under the leadership of Vaughn Beals petitioned for the increase in import tariffs and came up with the H.O.G community.   * The current management under Victor & Spoils is meant to spearhead the modification of their products so as to attract the young generation. The company has had a substantial capital base that allows it to conduct its business effectively.   * Most of the motorcycles are sold for over $20000 with the cheapest going for approximately $5000.   * Before 2000, it spent $1 billion in the maintenance of its leadership in motorcycle design.   * When Beals took over the company, it was valued at $75million. The two cylinder design on its motor bikes that sets it apart from other motorcycles appealing it to the customers who wanted unique designs.   * The company retained the image of the cylinders as its icon for its entire history.   * The cylinders made the structure simple and thus cut down the production costs.   * The unique sound produced by the Harley motorcycles was due to the cylinders. The first mover advantage.   * Hendee Manufacturing, Harley’s only competitor, went out of business in 1953 leaving the company to enjoy monopoly for more than four decades.   * Sportster, a brand of the company, was the first heavy-weight motorcycle in the world   * William Harley’s blueprint of a bicycle engine marked the history of the motorcycle revolution.   * The future competition from the Japanese industry was only founded after Harley-Davidson licensed its blueprints and equipment to Sankyo Company. Great performance of the Harley-Davidson engines.   * The performance of the bikes in the race competitions, endurance contests and hill climbs was legendary.   * It dominated the racing arena with its official entry.   * The company’s motorcycles were preferred by the US military. Creation of the Harley-Davidson community.   * With the inception of the HOG community, membership had grown to more than 500000 by 2000.   * More than 140,000 riders received a warm reception in the 95 th anniversary celebrations.   * The online HOG group propelled international sales. Weaknesses The company’s expensive price tag that appealed to the rich minority.   * The Ultra Classic Electra Glide was valued at $20,405.   * All customized bikes were in the range of $25000 to $30000   * The product available to the mass market was the Fat Boy valued for $6500   * Products from China were priced at less than $1000. The poor management by the American Machine and Foundry (AMF).   * Under its management the quality of the companies bikes fell   * The company’s loyal customers were lost and profits fell   * Dealers were compelled to place cardboards under the bike to absorb the oil leaks.   * The Company was unable to handle competition from the reasonably priced Honda motorcycle.   * Poor employee involvement Targeting one part of the market.   * The company reached
People’s present is built based on the past, and preserving the legacy left by the ancestors is essential. I believe that rebuilding and restoring such masterpieces as Coliseum is crucial to maintaining the county’s history and authenticity. Moreover, modern equipment for the restoration of treasures might help generate more profit for the government as tourists will be interested in visiting them, and investors will invest more money in maintenance and promotion. Nowadays, modern buildings attract fewer people, and visiting ancient constructions are becoming more unusual for the population as there are very few old buildings such as the Coliseum left on the earth. If one constantly looks at the past, then the future will not be built by itself. However, this does not apply to the prevention of cultural heritage of the globe. Human thinking never stops, and it is the reason why people live in a progressive world. When people observe building techniques of the past, they are trying to improve modern innovations and show their authenticity. For instance, knowledge of finding a balance received from ancestors helps modern constructors spend less time and effort on producing working drawings. Consequently, I believe that by relying on the past, modern people do not degrade. The benefit from the restoration is huge. Every social group receives advantages from restorations of ancient buildings. For example, governments’ investments are quickly paid off when tourists are interested in traveling to reconstructed masterpieces. Consequently, tourists are not left without advantages because even the biggest travel enthusiasts can find something new for themselves in an improved place of ancient architecture. Moreover, artists such as painters, singers, and musicians, among others, will be able to get more inspiration leading to a more developed cultural heritage of the present time.
Introduction Christianity is one of the major world religions with the greatest number of followers. Even though, there is no known exact number of Christians in the world it is, without doubt, the only religion that has spread to all parts of the world. Christians derive hope, faith, and guidance by reading the bible which guides their daily activities including praying, fasting, worshiping, and their relationships with others. This paper examines the King James Bible version and its role in the past and present society. Background Information Christians believe that the first bible was written by people inspired by the Holy Spirit. The first version was written in Hebrew and Greek languages (Campbell 33). However, since then there have been many translations and today there are as many translations as there are languages in the world. Despite this, it is believed that the King James Bible version was the first English translation. Roles of King James Bible The relevance of the King James Bible version is attributed to its format and translation from the original Hebrew version. The King James Bible outlines the relationship between God and various people including Moses, Abraham, Elijah, Samson, and Joseph among others (Moser 21). The version gives detailed coverage of how Abraham interacted with God and the aftermath of his trust and obedience. In addition, this version gives a step by step coverage of the journey and tribulations Abraham went through like living his home, people, and property and going to an unknown place. Christians’ hope and faith is built on the basis of what God did to Abraham and later blessed him with a son and many descendants. Moreover, this version contains the story of Moses and the Israelites. Christians learn that despite the sufferings they go through God has great plans for them in the future. In fact, these sufferings should strengthen their faith in God and make them more prayerful (Campbell 34). This version documents the details of all events that took place prior to the release of the Israelites from slavery. For that reason, it does not matter how long Christians suffer as long as they trust God one day they will overcome their sufferings. According to this version, their journey through the wilderness symbolizes Christian’s life that is full of temptations and tribulations. The version gives an account of what happened in the wilderness and how desperation can lead to idolatry. The Israelites were not patient enough to wait for God to guide them through Moses and instead begun demanding to be taken back to Egypt (Moser 54). Therefore, they started worshiping idols and breaking other commandments and, as a result, God punished them. There are other, many illustrations that show how people were rewarded accordi
Various training methods were developed for undergraduate and postgraduate training. For example, the career of a medical doctor requires relevant communication skills. Physicians who want to improve their competency need to attend courses or workshops that include such learning elements as modeling, cognitive input, and practicing skills (Maguire & Pitceathly, 2002). Specifically, cognitive input is referred to as lecture handouts, and modeling is the demonstration of the proper communication skills in special educational videos. Moreover, instructors should incorporate such teaching methods as providing evidence of communication deficiencies and their impact on doctor-patient relationships, teaching evidence-based connection practices, organizing practice sessions, and giving effective performance feedback (Maguire & Pitceathly, 2002). Indeed, practicing essential skills with standardized patients or in simulation is a valuable experience for clinicians who strive to upgrade their communication abilities. Furthermore, constructive feedback is crucial to attaining high results during practicing classes. However, the comments about one’s performance should be given gradually from positive to negative aspects, allowing doctors to reflect on the session. Providing feedback on real consultations can also be helpful for clinicians. The environment is another crucial component of learning practical communication skills. Some physicians feel more comfortable only with doctors, while others want to be challenged by interacting with interdisciplinary groups. Therefore, it is essential to discuss with the participants their preferences and make working groups smaller to ensure a personalized approach. Interestingly, facilitators with similar training used more effective methods than those without the same background (Maguire & Pitceathly, 2002). Clinicians interested in these workshops can find more information from administrators of postgraduate centers and in professional journals. For example, three established courses are known: Medical Interview Teaching Association, Cancer Research Psychological Medicine Group, and Cancer research Psycho-Oncology Group (Maguire & Pitceathly, 2002). Overall, doctors who attend training sessions that provide practice and feedback are more likely to learn more, gain confidence, and have better patient outcomes. Reference Maguire, P., & Pitceathly, C. (2002). Key communication skills and how to acquire them. BMJ , 325 (7366), 697–700.