ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In an increasingly networked world, outsourcing of jobs for the purposes of obtaining cheaper labor, outputs, or even geopolitical purposes born out of bilateral trade agreements seems almost inevitable. Offshore outsourcing by American corporations, companies, and firms is quickly becoming a common trend. Globalization has enabled firms to overcome national boundaries easily in their quest to obtain labor and resources at relatively lower prices than would be the case in the US. However, offshore outsourcing comes at an expense for American laborers, their wages, and motivation for work. Careers in industries that outsource labor are subsequently not favored by college students seeking to make career choices. In my opinion, offshore outsourcing produces a disenchanted labor force in the U.S, harms the U.S economy, and de-motivates students seeking careers in some industries; however, it benefits the economy of other countries offering the outsourced services. The intrinsic intent of outsourcing for labor by American companies is to obtain cheaper labor from developing nations. The United States is the world’s largest economy and thus has a highly skilled labor force. According to Geishecker and Gorg, when American firms outsource their labor, the resultant effect is that the labor wages for American workers decrease over time (245). This observation is true in many industrial nations, and Geishecker and Gorg’s empirical analysis of the gradual reduction in workers wages due to outsourcing, points to the harm that outsourcing places on an economy. Reduced wages leave workers disenchanted. Since outsourcing for labor is mostly done in less industrialized nations or developing countries, the wage demands of such workers, relative to those of the workers based in the US, is likely to be lower. The American workers will thus be forced to lower their wage demands in the long-term, to stay on the job. The laborer’s future in such an industry is thus uncertain, because the American worker will be forced to compete in an uneven playing field with workers from third world nations mostly, for whom the relative pay in American dollars may well be a fortune. The need for profit maximization drives the quest for outsourcing of labor. Labor and the related payment of salaries and wages are part of production expenses. When the production expenses such as labor costs are reduced through outsourcing, firms maximize their profits. According to Donna and Wooster, another motive of outsourcing is to reduce operation and administrative costs, thus increase profits (300). The selfish desire to maximize profits at the expense of American laborers and workers harms the U.S economy enormously. Because qualified skilled workers will miss jobs when labor in their specific areas of expertise is outsourced, such workers and laborers are likely to switch careers, or may end up jobless. Switching careers likely involves massive investments in re-training and re-education, funds that the
More workplaces are committing to having a diverse workforce now than before the turn of the century, but they disproportionately treat women in comparison to men. This paper reports the challenges and opportunities for women in the workplace and briefly outlines the legal framework guiding the same. Women are more likely to be victims of sexual harassment and gender discrimination at the workplace compared to men. Sexual violence and discrimination targeting women in the workplace exists because the modern workplace, much as it strives to change, is still guided by patriarchal norms that regard men as superior to women (Elmuti, Jia, & Davis, 2015). These traditional norms continue hampering women’s chances of self-advancement relative to men considering that women are less likely to be considered for promotions than their male counterparts. The finding is manifest in the fact that less than 20% of the Fortune 500 companies have women in executive positions (Belasen, 2017). The few women in such positions face numerous challenges related to working in male-dominated workplaces, including sexual violence and discrimination. Despite the challenges experienced, women have the opportunity of exerting their role in the modern workforce because of the preference for diverse workplaces by modern managers. Literature, such as Greenberg, Bruess, and Oswalt (2017) suggests that such workplaces are more productive because they take the advantage of different talents and the contributions of people from diverse backgrounds to problem-solving and other issues that have implications for productivity. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the parent legislative framework against discrimination in the workplace. Title VII of the Act banned gender discrimination and violence in the workplace, which later led to the establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC, to monitor discrimination (Gold, 2016). Today, the EEOC investigates and facilitates the prosecution of sexual harassment and gender discrimination incidenc
Introduction Australia is one of the countries that possess numerous valuable and rather expensive resources. It distributes treasured raw materials and farmhouse products worldwide. Numerous categories of resources are produced. Nevertheless, the majority of those resources lie well far-off from larger metropolises or waterfronts. More than half of Australia is the countryside, which is predominantly used to raise livestock. Farmers can cultivate wheat all over the country since it does not require much precipitation. Only a small part of the populace are agriculturalists, but they practically provide the whole lot that the country requests. Another industry that has become very important later for the economy of Australia is tourism (Pham et al. 610). Nevertheless, trips to Australia are rather expensive for the reason that it is too far from the other major countries. Agricultural Growth Australia is currently seeing a substantial short-run agricultural growth. Most of the responsibility for the upsurge lies on the technological advancement of the industry that drives the growth and productivity. Noteworthy instances of long-run growth changes comprise the adoption of no-till agriculture based on the usage of harmless herbicides, which significantly condensed input expenses, reserved more soil dampness, and enhanced crop harvest; and the use of underground clover in some of Australian cattle systems which enhanced soil productiveness and amplified cattle growth rates (Anderson and Strutt 592). Additional enhancements gave rise to the supplementary manufacture gains through the upgraded water use efficacy, pressure tolerance, feedstuff adaptation proficiency, and product value. The process of growth is reflected in Figure 1. Figure 1. GDP growth percent per annum. Approximately half of the growth could be accredited to the modernization of the farms as it was projected to have improved farmers’ business cost-effectiveness. The agricultural sector contributes a total of 2% of the overall GDP growth of Australia but still represents an important part of the country’s economy (Sheng et al. 30). Australian agriculturalists have made confident changes to the pesticide implementation in their farmer practice and improved their understanding of the issue. Farmers are now more aware of the influence of pesticides on the agriculture and quality of the final product, but some of them still do not deliver the necessary level of individual safety standards that should be in compliance with the governmental law on the use of such substances. Industrial Growth In its geographical area, the Australian business segment is already solid, but the trade will remain growing. So the highest growth rates are expected to be in the fragments of the industry strictly associated with other growing subdivisio
Introduction Historically, the U.S. Southern border has always been active and insecure. The migrant crisis in the 18 th century fostered the establishment of U.S. Border Security Policy. Its purpose was to prevent illegal immigration and illicit trade in the United States. Border Security Policy can be perceived as a means of enforcing the measures put forth by the U.S. Department of Homeland security (DHS), in its effort to curb the flow of massive migrations that are taking place throughout Central America. These actions include increased border fencing and walls along the southern Border States such as Texas, New Mexico, and California and, more recently, the newly-amended protocols for asylum seekers. The following measures will make an effort to deconstruct these measures by illustrating those who would benefit from it, while also emphasizing those who will inevitably face the dire consequences of their enforcement. Stakeholders Involved in the Process of U.S. Border Security Policy In their efforts to eliminate the flow of illegal aliens, the DHS has implemented new international policies for those seeking asylum in the United States. In the past, for example, such measures as border fences and walls acted as a means of deterrence for the illegal flow of migrants. However, “the construction of the 650 miles of border fencing from 2007 to 2011, as well as the additional infrastructure, technology, and manpower, added since then, have failed to secure the border from drug and human trafficking, or stem illegal immigration” (Davidson, 2019, 3). Naturally, the primary stakeholder in this situation was the U.S. government, as it was taking responsibility for the safety of its citizens. In the 20 th century, illegal immigration continued to increase, due to a significant booster in the economy and the demand for labor. Numerous immigration reforms and attempts to decrease the number of unauthorized border-crossings were enacted but didn’t completely halt illegal entry. The border fences and walls have failed to limit the flow of migrants who have only sought other means of illegal entry. Therefore, the main stakeholders in this scenario have been unable to ensure their interests. These interests being the protection of the American economy from tax-dodging workers who have also replaced numerous labor positions. These positions otherwise would have been sought after by American citizens. New Asylum Measures for Migrants In addition to increased border security being implemented along the borders of the southern United States, new asylum measures that aim to benefit the average American have also taken place. However, while this may be the case, others will see the added disadvantage to desperate migrants fleeing violent tyranny in Central America. Most recently, the DHS had introduced the newly-amended “Migrant Protection Protocol” in Eagle Pass, Texas (one of the ports of entry points along the US-Mexico bor
Introduction The issue of safety is paramount in aviation, and it is important to critically assess the situation related to aviation safety in a country and develop measures to address the issues which exist or may emerge in it (Stolzer & Goglia 2016). The current paper provides an analysis of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) Corporate Plan 2015-16 – 2018-19. Such issues as the current strategic position described in the document, the adequacy of the plan to the existing Australian aviation safety performance, the plan’s strengths and weaknesses, are investigated; also, safety standards and guidelines of several nations and international organizations are discussed, and the Australian compliance with such guidelines is considered. Objectives The objectives of the current paper include analyzing the CASA safety plan and determining the main strategic objectives provided in it, as well as finding out whether the safety plan supplies a strategy that adequately addresses the issues outlined in the literature. Also, one of the objectives is to consider the safety standards and guidelines existing in several international aviation organizations, as well as in several foreign countries, and to analyze whether Australian practices correspond to these guidelines. Strategic Position and Critical Analysis The Current Strategic Position About Aviation Safety in Australia CASA provides a plan which, among other content, outlines the strategic goals of CASA for the period lasting from 2015-2016 to 2018-2019 (Civil Aviation Safety Authority 2015). In particular, there exist three main goals which should be met as a result of the CASA’s activity over the named period, namely, 1) maintaining the safety regulation system for civil aviation, and improving it to make it fairer, more efficacious, and more economical; 2) engaging in communication with the wider community aimed at dealing with the issues of aviation safety to develop and popularize the positive safety culture; 3) constantly bettering the organizational performance of companies related to civil aviation (Civil Aviation Safety Authority 2015, p. 13). The key areas of performance about these goals are: 1) a) the safety regulations in aviation, as well as service delivery, and b) the oversight of the industry, including taking actions about risk management, and the effective monitoring, for Goal 1; 2) the engagement of stakeholders in the aviation safety processes, including ensuring transparency and establishing effective communication, for Goal 2; 3) a) the alignment of governance and organizational efficaciousness with the best practices of the Commonwealth, and b) making sure that the personnel is competent and capable, for Goal 3 (Civil Aviation Safety Authority 2015). CASA lists several challenges and/or tendencies in the field of civil aviation, and provides a summary of measures which are planned to be undertaken to address these issues (Civil Aviation Safety Authority 2015, pp. 14-15). These issues are briefly summarized in Table 1 below. Main challenges or tendencies
Description of the Topic The problem of substance-impaired learners can be considered a significant issue in modern society. Accessibility of drugs along with the high level of demands to students contribute to the increased risk of using drugs to cope with the pressure and achieve appropriate results (Schwartz, n.d). However, impaired learners face the high risk of the emergence of health problems, and problematic socialization because of the negative impact of drugs on their conscience (Ayala, Roseman, Winseman, & Mason, 2017). Moreover, their learning abilities become decreased and poor academic results are observed. This category of students can also have problems with a crime because of the need for new drugs. For this reason, the topic acquires the top priority for the modern sphere of education. Impaired Learners Among Nursing Students The problem of drug abuse is also relevant for nursing students. In accordance with the latest statistics, about 50% of nursing students consume substances such as alcohol or marihuana to decrease the level of pressure or for other reasons (Strobbe & Crowley, 2017). However, multiple demands to the quality of knowledge they should possess introduce the need for hard learning which can be difficult for students (Fry, 2015). The accessibility of drugs complicates the problem as nursing students have more opportunities to find them. That is why, about 25% of learners in the healthcare sphere use drugs to become more effective and struggle with tiredness and stress (Strobbe & Crowley, 2017). Benefits to Learners Speaking about the benefits of using drugs and other substances while learning, one should remember the fact that they are timely and the negative long-term effects prevail. However, the majority of impaired users state that the use of drugs helps to improve their endurance levels during study hours which is critical for their academic success (Strobbe & Crowley, 2017). At the same time, the healthcare sector is traditionally associated with the high level of pressure because of the responsibility and the need to master multiple skills. Drugs can help to reduce the level of stress and contribute to the increased mood (Strobbe & Crowley, 2017). However, all these benefits are doubted because of the overall negative effect their constant use might have on students. Disadvantages and Difficulties There are also multiple problems associated with substance-impaired learners. First of all, if the prolonged use is reported, drugs can do substantial harm to the health of a person and result in irreversible changes in his/her body (Strobbe & Crowley, 2017). At the same time, the constant need for new doses if the addiction emerges might deteriorate the quality of people’s lives (Marshall, Regala, Gray, Pedlar, & Naguit, 2017). From another hand, healthcare students using drugs during their stud
The short story “A Conversation with My Father,” written by Paley contains two narratives. The first one is autobiographical – the narrator, a writer, describes a conversation with her father about her work and future. The second story is created b the main narrator in two versions, both describing a mother and a son dealing with addiction. The interrelation of these parts makes the whole text a metaphysical work, and Paley uses it to comment on the state of literature and the definition of “short stories” that are often considered traditional. The standard for short story narratives is provided in the main part of the text. The father says that his daughter does not write simple stories, “he kind de Maupassant wrote, or Chekhov,” describing the lives of recognizable people and situations that happen to them (Paley, p. 159). In response, the narrator creates a dry description of the events that her neighbor went through. The second version of this story has more information and jokes, but it is still different from what her father expected. Here, one can see the difference between what the narrator and her father pay attention to in storytelling. The writer in the story does not want to write an ending for her characters, trying to give them a chance to recover. The father, in contrast, sees the deep tragedy in the described events and calls his daughter to acknowledge it. The story’s postmodernism qualities lie in the author’s desire to break the rules of traditional storytelling and remind the reader about the malleability of fictional works. Through the narrator, Paley denounces her authorship of the addict’s life by refusing to give her a bad ending, thus further using postmodernist techniques. Work Cited Paley, Grace. “A Conversation with My Father.” Enormous Changes at the Last Minute: Stories , Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1985, pp. 159-168.
KRASNER, under the paradigm of international structure and foreign policy, gave the broader and deeper features of comparison between weaker and stronger states. He has given numerous examples of today’s failing states and has compared them with the stronger and successful states of the world. He explicitly mentioned the salient characteristics of the failing states in today’s global world asunder. The failing states are those that pose a serious threat to the security of the world. They pose a challenge to the liberties, lives, property, and human rights of the world’s free societies. These countries confront the foreign societies of the liberal world with all sorts of risks and dangers. These states are vulnerable to collapse even before and after their conflicts. The staunch examples of such states are Cuba, Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran, South Korea, and Syria. Terrorism, narcotics trade, weapons mass proliferation, and state crimes are the hallmarks of these countries. These states are hate givers and hatemongers. Unfortunately, all these failures and weaker states are the poorest of the poor states in the world. This was in this context, that al-qaida from Afghanistan operated in 2001, against the US, the world’s single super power, and deprived the whole of Asia of security and peace of mind. The other main differences between the stronger successful and the weaker failing states are the governance issues. The weaker states are marred with corruption, nepotism, and despotism. Whereas the stronger states have rule of law, security of life, merit, and democracy in their countries. Weaker states have low education and very weak economies. On the contrary, stronger countries have the highest rate of education and the strongest economies. Weaker states can seldom take advantage of global economic relations. KRASNER has broadly defined the weaker states as unsustainable and dependent on others. The examples can be numerously given from Asia, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Latin America. This is the burden of the first or the developed world to sustain and nurture the weaker states. These states are required to integrate the weaker states in their policy. The international aid agency has to work out stronger access and approach to the failing states. The stronger states of the world like the USA, EU, and non-EU European states owe their responsibility to develop and sustain the weaker states of Asia and Africa. Democracy, rule of law, governance, economic strength, technology, and merit are the main differences pointed out by KRASNER between weaker and stronger states of the world under the framework of foreign relations. The international structure has to imbibe and assimilate the failing weaker states for the larger benefit of the entire humanity of the world.