ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The birth of a Jewish nation occurred in 1948 when the United Nations established the state of Israel and the international community recognized it as a legitimate entity. However, this great accomplishment by the Jews took many years to realize. The single entity which is credited with the successful establishment of the state of Israel is the Yishuv. The term Yishuv refers to the “Jewish community in Palestine” and also the national liberation movement by Jews who sought to establish a Jewish State in Palestine territory. This movement encouraged Jews from all over the world to immigrate to the land of Palestine and establish a Jewish State there. In their quest to achieve this goal, the Jews faced stringent opposition from the Palestinian Arabs who had been the occupants of the territory for centuries. This paper will set out to highlight the reasons for the success of the Jewish Yishuv as proposed by a number of key authors. The Necessity for a Jewish State Bill and Springborg (1994) propose that any serious attempt to explain the reasons for the success of the Jewish Yishuv in 1947 should look at the events before the date which lay the foundations for this historic success for the Jews. Yishuv was advocated for by the Zionists who sought to establish a sovereign Jewish nation in the Land of Israel. Zionism was a product of the tumult of nineteenth-century Europe which resulted in Jews being met with increasing persecution and enforced isolation from the general non-Jewish society. Bill and Springborg (1994, p.314) document that prominent Jewish persons in Western Europe came to the conclusion that the only means through which Jews could achieve true equality would be if they created their own state. As such, the hostile environment that the Jewish community faced made the prospects of establishing a Jewish state appealing because it was the only means through which Jews could become liberated and self-sufficient. Migdal (1998, p.146) agrees that the Yishuv was a singular experience for both the original Jewish settlers in Palestine and the new immigrants since they were both highly motivated to achieve a unified political entity. The ideological organization and fi
Abstract In this paper, I outline the effect of music as a natural laxative and explore studies that have been done to examine the effect of music on our health. Though Dr. Seaward’s work on stress management is extensive, I have taken the liberty to explore a number of other, equally authoritative studies on music as well. Introduction The power of slow and quiet music as an effective relaxation technique is widely acknowledged because of its strong link to our emotions. In addition, music has a physiological effect on our bodies. Slow and moderate tempo music counteracts the effects of stress by reducing the production of stress hormones. In addition, it lowers the heart rate and blood pressure. Classical music has particularly been known to be quite effective in relieving stress and making the listener relax. Research and Studies on Music’s Effect on Health Recent scientific studies show that singing along one’s favourite music can also have a great releasing effect on tension. Again, calming music may also help induce sleep, and by extension relieve stress (Seaward, 2012). The relaxing effect may also be explained from the fact that slow music also tends to slow down the brain and induce the release of ‘feel-good’ hormones (Seaward, 2012). Meditation is a powerful relaxation technique, and it can be easily induced by music. The sounds of nature, sometimes incorporated into musical compositions, have a tendency to call forth a soothing effect. This in turn induces a relaxed mood and stress relief (Collingwood, 2007). Given the strong correlation that music has with meditation and stress reduction, the discipline and practice of stress therapy has slowly come to the forefront as an important tool for stress management (Collingwood, 2007). Additionally, “when used in combination with biofeedback techniques, music can reduce tension and facilitate the relaxation response” (Collingwood, 2007, Music Therapy, para. 1). Though it is generally agreed that listening to music produces relaxation, it is not yet widely agreed what genre is most effective. In a research study by Valorie Salimpor from Rotman Institute in Toronto (cited in Landau, 2013), participants listened to 60 excerpts of music they had never heard before while in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machine. Findings from this research indicated that certain components of the brain, that is, the nucleus accumbens and the temporal gyrus play a role in determining which music one is likely to like. Their work is based on ‘templates’ that have been stored in the brain which pre-dispose individuals to like music they have listened to more often than that which they have not (Landau, 2013). Another study corroborated the thesis that music has physiological benefits. Cited by Landau (2013), the study involved researchers looking at the effect of music to patients just about to go into surgery. Randomly, participants were either given anti-anxiety drugs or listen to music. The patient’s own ratings of their own anxiety were monitored as well as the level of the stress hormone cortisol. It was foun
Depending on the culture of the people different people react differently to pregnant Women. However, there is a perception that is common in most societies. When people see a woman who is pregnant, most of them perceive her to be a mother, although this is just a thought, it is not exactly true because anything may happen to the child or mother between the time of conception and birth. People will first think of the child then later of the mother. According to the western culture, motherhood is believed to be what defines and dignifies a woman, while those who are barren are considered to be highly disadvantaged and ill fated in the society. Furthermore, those women who intentionally refuse to have children are perceived to be psychologically abnormal. In the industrialized society, pregnant women are viewed as those who possess an active maternal instinct. Besides, the community further puts up pressure on women through the mothering mandate to have children (Crawford 277). How might these reactions contribute to women’s emotional responses to pregnancy? The character of humans is nurtured from the expectations and believes they are taught by their parents and the society around them during their childhood. This determines the character of the person, which may be portrayed by the person’s choices in life. Pregnant women make their choices with regards to their pregnancy either consciously or unconsciously depending on the values they were brought up with. This might be seen by the choice of a woman getting married before getting a child, others getting children out of wedlock while still others decide to live a childless life. Positive emotional response is perceived by those women who choose to have children as the society expects, while those who are childless either intentionally or by choice may have negative emotions towards pregnancy (Crawford 278). Hostile and benevolent sexism Sometimes, pregnant women may experience hostile sexism from their fellow women due to jealousy for not achieving similar results. This may be due to a failed relationship of the woman who is not pregnant, or the inability to have children due to barrenness or otherwise. In addition to that, they may face a hostile glance from most of the people when they take up roles meant for men while pregnant. Likewise, they experience benevolent sexism from the husband family and friends, as well as the community especially if she is married. A woman may receive a special treatment by members of the public while shopping, and the whole family at home. This may be a show of gratitude from the society for taking up the mothering role. The effects of pregnancy in regards to career To most women, pregnancy is a life changing experience that is filled with mixed feelings of confusion and contentment both at the same time. However, when women become pregnant while pursuing their career, some of them take it as simple but find it to be very complex. This is due to the endless needs of the infant and increased roles due to the change from a career woman to a mother an
The article by New York Times columnist, Ann Patchett, titled “My Year of No Shopping,” argues against overconsumption of items that are not necessities. Patchett was inspired by her friend who spent a year without purchasing new clothes, shoes, and perfumes. She states that her friend claimed that it kept her from spending too much on stuff that one can easily live without. Patchett explains that she was interested in the idea and decided to experiment with herself. Initially, she hesitated what kind of items she should allow herself to purchase during this year. The author states that she loves books, and she could not restrict herself from purchasing them. However, during the experiment, she realized that many items that she used to purchase without thinking did not matter to her. Patchett argues that this experiment helped her to think more about what other people needed; people who think less of material things might use the spare money to help others. Although she understands that shopping benefits economic growth, she thinks that New Year’s resolution to use self-restriction in purchasing helps to not associate wishes from needs. Although the article is ineffective because of her inconsistent reasoning, overall it is effective because of her informal tone and her use of imagery. However, the article is ineffective because the author doesn’t present a clear connection between her arguments and statements. According to the QDT Editor (2015), the lack of logical reasoning may discourage the audience from believing the writer’s words. Within the article, some of the author’s thoughts seem disconnected from each other. For example, the author talks about her personal experiences and her life without shopping, giving many examples from the past year. Then, Patchett expands her idea and mentions her religious past. Her arguments are mostly based on her attachment to physical things and the loss of meaning of shopping as a leisure activity. Then, the author starts talking about financial benefits and her relationship with saving money. While this part of the experiment might have been interesting for the author to explore, she does not mention it in any other part of the article. Patchett offers many examples from her life to show that her arguments are not based on assumptions but on real situations for her audience to understand easily. For example, her desire to buy new clothes and cosmetics is not general – she states that she wants a Fitbit or a new lip balm but then finds that purchasing them is unnecessary for different reasons. Moreover, the author continuously describes situations that have happened to her before the experiment to make a clear comparison between her feelings before and after she decided to undergo this process. Therefore, read
Introduction It is proposed to set up a non-profit organization for the main purpose of reducing recidivism in the US. It is of concern to all of us that recidivism has been on the increase and that almost two thirds of those leaving US prisons are being re arrested for crimes. This causes concern in the areas of safety and cost for the general population. With the setting up of this organization, it is hoped that a difference can be made first in our locality and slowly expanding to other states, by ourselves, through partnerships or as an example to others who have similar aims. Structure It is proposed that we have a strong organizational structure. The organization will be registered as a not for profit society. It will be headed by a board of directors comprising of representatives from the business community, justice department, law and other professionals in the field of psychology and sociology. A chairman for the society will be selected from one of the directors. Under the board, it is proposed to have four committees, namely program, fund raising, budget/finance and nomination. There will be a CEO (Executive director or President). Under this post the society will have the following managerial positions. Asst. Director for development, Asst. Finance Director, Asst. Director for Operations, Asst. Director for Planning and Marketing, Asst. Director for PR and Community Affairs and Asst. Director for HR. Staffing under each managerial department will be done as required. (Traditional Nonprofit Organizational Structure, 2004). Bye-Laws A detailed bye-law will be prepared at the earliest. The main aim as shown in the bye-law would be for the purpose of taking active steps for the reduction of recidivism in the country. Funds Raising funds will be main function of the fund raising department. But they will be assisted by all other departments and personnel in their efforts. Funds can be raised through donations and grants. It is fortunate for us that The Second Chance Act has been passed on 9 th April 2008. According to the Act, grants can be made available to non-profit organizations engaged in objectives similar to our own. “This first-of-its-kind legislation will authorize various grants to government agencies and nonprofit groups to provide employment assistance, substance abuse treatment, housing, family programming, mentoring, victims support, and other services that can help reduce re-offending and violations of probation and parole.” (Second Chance Act, 2007). F
During the process of research, I have encountered several difficulties. One of them is the narrowing of the study focus. My research topic is “The Representation of Women in the Hollywood Cinema.” Initially, I wanted to focus solely on the noir cinema. Still, then it was decided to include the evaluation of other genres as well to increase research objectivity and credibility. Various movie styles are associated with distinct audience expectations. While some of the women characters are endowed with similar features and are created for similar purposes, the representations of women in other genres may be somewhat vague and less stereotypical. Based on this, it seems that the inclusion of different types of cinema will be very beneficial for my dissertation. For this reason, I think that the movie genre should not be the main criterion for the narrowing of research focus. I tend to believe that the character and nature of gender stereotypes in those films should be the measure. It means that I will pay greater attention to particular prejudices associated with female roles rather than the genre of a picture. For instance, along with the femme fatale characters, I would like to research representations of women as victims (e.g., “final girl” in horror movies), sexual objects, supporters and followers of male characters, etc. Additionally, it could be useful to investigate the representation of stereotypical women’s aspirations, goals, and desires, as shown in Hollywood movies, e.g., “Bride Wars” (2009), “Confessions of a Shopaholic” (2009), and so on. Since the range of genres is broad, I think to focus on the issue of male and female spectatorship and evaluate the selected stereotypes in the given context. For instance, it is possible to apply Mulvey’s Male Gaze Theory and assess how women identify themselves with the passive femininity implied in gender representations in cinema and adopt masculine points of view. Additionally, since my research is meant as a retrospective and historical analysis, I will consider the quantitative side of the issue, i.e., examine the frequency of negative gender representations over time. Overall, the selection of movies for the review remains in progress, and a lot of work should be done in this area. Since I did not come to the final decision on the genres and movies so far, the structure of my dissertation is under question as well. Nevertheless, I am not much concerned with the given aspect of the research process as it likely will be resolved as soon as the film portfolio is clarified. I will also continue to review the relevant theories and literature findings pertinent to my research topic – it will help me to build a greater understanding of the methodology, and advance my current research questions. Critical Reflection The research process in any field of knowledge is constituted of several basic steps, including the identification of theoretical o
Two prominent writers of the early 1900s are primarily responsible for bringing the study of the African American to the educational institutions of America. These are Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois. Both men had to struggle fiercely to achieve the educations they eventually gained, in a world in which it was believed that a black man was not capable of the same depth and breadth of intellectual thought expected of a white man. While Du Bois was the first black man to achieve a Harvard degree, Washington trained to be a teacher at what is now Hampton University, eventually receiving an honorary Masters degree from Harvard and an honorary Doctorate from Dartmouth College. Both men wrote extensively, and often from very different viewpoints, regarding the position of the black man in the Reconstruction Era, having a profound impact upon how these individuals were perceived by the greater American public and playing large roles in both establishing educational facilities for black children and in organizing advocacy groups for the black people. As can be seen in his autobiography, Up From Slavery and is followed up later in his book Working with the Hands, Washington felt that the best way to help the black man was to train him in ‘industrial’ type jobs. Writing his autobiography in 1901, Washington details his rise from the ranks of slavery to the position of a degreed professor even as he highlights the various reasons why he feels an industrial education is the correct course of action for the majority of black men and women. This is brought out clearly in Working with the Hands as he notes that education merely as a means of reading and writing correctly did not seem sufficient for the needs of the black community even when he was a small boy. The goal of education thus emerged as being two-fold, first to provide black people with the knowledge and education prized by whites, and second to give them the means to make their lives and the lives of other black people better through industrial training in fields where they were likely to find easy entrance to paid work environments. “We wanted to teach them to study actual things instead of mere books alone” (Washington, 1996, p. 60). Du Bois, as can be seen in “Of the Training of Black Men” in The Souls of Black Folk as well as many of his other writings, felt that the black man could best benefit from the same exact type of classical education deemed important for white men, making him fit for the same positions then filled by only white men. “They must first have the common schools to teach them to read, write and cipher; and they must have higher schools to teach teachers for the common schools … If the Negro was to learn, he must teach himself, and the most effective help that could be given him was the establishment of schools to train Negro teachers” (p. 66-67). Du Bois further argues in The Gift of Black Folk that black people have much to offer to white people in terms of their general outlook on li
Abstract The report shows meaningful comparison between HSBC and Saudi Hollandi Bank. HSBC head quarter is located in London and Saudi Hollandi Bank in Saudi Arabia. The key activities are same for both bank but the ways of working is different as Saudi Hollandi Bank is guided with Islamic rules. HSBC is more diversified with greater degree of assets and consumer market segmented. The key profitability for HSBC is better but Saudi Hollandi Bank also in a good position. Strategic management is followed by HSBC greatly as it is more diversified. For marinating soundness of balance sheet both of the banks are engaged in off balance sheet management. Introduction From investors perspective analyzing of banking structure is must. Potential return with investments with minimizing risks procedure can be comprehended if anyone can analyze these issues. So, to understand banking financial system several key points should be taken into consideration and the report is designated for this purpose. Methodology To evaluating the comparison several topics has chosen such as the operating structure of the financial institution, board powers, management structure, Bank risk management processes and internal controls. Regulatory supervision and reporting, Market penetration, segmentation, strategy, product mix, Asset, liability management PL trends has also analyzed. Competitive analysis, technology usage/branching-domestic and international, strategic alliances, Loan/loss provisions and policies, Asset/liability diversification, Derivative product risk management, and Off balance sheet management are relevant. The differences and relationship has been evaluated between two banks. Theoretical aspects To illustrate the comparison, various terminologies are used. These are clarified here. Bank’s risk management process has determined by credit risks, liquidity risk, business risk and market risk. These risks change the pattern of the transaction. Marketing process is conducted here. Brigham, E. F., & Houseton, J. F. (2004,pp. 244-294) and Pandey, I. M. (2007, pp 136-187) defined that, segmentation is a process by which a market dividing into distinct groups of buyers with different needs. Characteristics, or behavior who might require separate products or marketing mix and the process of evaluating each marketing segments attractive and selecting one or more segments to enter. Market positioning is the process of formulating competitive positioning for a product and a detailed marketing mix. Marketing mix are product, price, place, promotion. Off balance sheet items are used to show the firms income generating activities which may not include in the balance sheet. According to Mishkin, F. S. (2000, pp. 33) ‘Off balance sheet involves trading financial instruments and generating income fees and loan sales activities that affect banks profit but do not appear on bank balance sheet.’ Competitive analysis has been conducted with the comp