ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The problem of human nature has always been topical for people. For centuries they had been trying to determine what factors impact their thinking, behavior, actions, and solutions. For this reason, it is not surprising that this concept is one of the basics of philosophy and a ground for vigorous debates. There is an idea that behavior and abilities are predetermined by some inborn characteristics of a person. However, regarding the fact that people are social creatures, human nature is formed in the process of socialization under the impact of multiple essential factors. In general, this phenomenon can be determined as a set of unique qualities peculiar to one person and differentiating his/her from other ones. These traits include a specific way of thinking, feeling, cognition, interaction, and behavior (Schaefer, 2011). Everyone accepts the fact that there are no identical individuals, and the factors mentioned above are the primary source of this diversity. From the first moments after the birth and for the rest of his/her lifespan, every individual acquires and elaborates various characteristics that will later become a part of the personality, preconditioning his/her place in society. That is why the impact of socialization and communication on the formation of human nature cannot be disregarded or doubted. In everyday life, a typical individual meets thousands of people and has to engage in various relations with them. It is the basis of any society as a collaboration of its members is the key to further evolution. However, every community has various demands at different stages of its development (Griffiths et al., 2014). For this reason, a person has to alter his/her views, approaches, attitudes, and perspectives to be able to act successfully and achieve the desired goals. In other words, innate qualities peculiar to all people are changed and shaped by socialization and the topical peculiarities of the environment (Schaefer, 2011). For this reason, the influence of external factors, or the nurture theory, should be considered a more suitable option when speaking about the formation of human nature. The given conclusion is proved by multiple sociological interactions every person undergoes in his/her life and their full impact on the formation of mentality. Communication with other individuals, work, marriage, family life, and romantic feelings trigger various processes in people’s minds that lay the ground for the appearance of critical changes needed to succeed in all these spheres and remain part of the desired society (Macionis, 2016). At the same time, there is no reason for denying the effect of genetic factors on the formation of human nature. They also are vital, especially during the first per
Article Summary The chosen article focuses on the issue of bullying of LGBTQ students in American schools and its legal repercussions. The author shows that students who are openly gay or bi, as well as those who are suspected of being gay or bi, are subjected to verbal and physical harassment in American schools (Foxhoven, 2012). Bullying has significant repercussions for individuals’ psychological health and well-being, making this issue important. Still, according to Foxhoven (2012), school authorities often fail to take adequate action to stop anti-LGBTQ harassment and assaults, and courts also refuse from interfering. Hence, comprehensive policies to target the bullying of LBGTQ students in schools are required. Speech Anti-homosexuality is a significant problem in the contemporary world, and many people suffer from it. According to Gerber (2014), about 80 countries still criminalized homosexuality in 2014, thus restricting personal rights and freedoms. In countries where homosexuality is not criminalized, persons from the LGBTQ community still face discrimination and harassment. For example, Foxhoven (2012) reports that many school students who are openly gay or suspected of being gay are harassed verbally and physically. Bullying can damage people both physically and mentally, thus impacting gay people’s quality of life. Workplace discrimination is also persistent, and it affects the range of career opportunities available to LGBTQ persons. TIlesik (2011) found that applicants who appeared to be gay were less likely to be considered for a job. This trend was particularly prominent among employers who highlighted the importance of traditionally masculine traits and qualities (Tilesik, 2011). Overall, the discrimination faced by people from the LGBTQ community has a substantial influence on their lives, and it is essential to address this problem to protect the rights of LGBTQ people.
The emergence of abstract expressionism was marked by the main art stream in the history of modernism. This new tendency appears as a post-war reaction for the spirits and atmosphere of this time and as the necessity to restore a national cultural identity. Owing to the fact that abstract expressionism appears after the Second World War, one could observe the political impact on the development of twentieth-century art. It is worth saying that this modernistic stream could be regarded as the first American art that depicts the works of the New York community of painters. The post-war expressionists often perceive their creative work as a protest against social realism thus manifesting romantic individuality. The above shows that the establishment of abstract expressionism is the desire of painters to be separated from political art. However, painters were also striving to render political messages to people in the form of expressionist works. Many critics and writer made their attempts to assess this modernist movement by considering cultural, economic, and social displays of protest against the existed reality. In particular, there exist two opposite views concerning the expressionist concepts, which arise many disputable questions. Thus, a closer consideration of Rosenberg’s essay “The American Action Painters” and Donnel’s article “Space in Abstract Expressionism reveals controversial views on different aspects of painting. In his essay, Harold Rosenberg makes an emphasis on the properties of the innovated American painting whose works are oriented on the presentation of the material world. In other words, the significance of the new art lies in the constant search for the central and materialized object in order to interpret its psychological state. The critic strongly believes that the main goal of the painters is to saturate their works with emotional and intellectual information thus perpetuating a certain living situation in action. Perhaps, the deepest message that is delivered by Rosenberg lies in the following phrase: “At a certain moment the canvas began to appear to one American painter after another as an arena in which to act – rather as a space in which to reproduce, re-design, analyze or “express” an object, actual or imagined. What was to go on the canvas was not a picture but an event”(57). Especial consideration refers to Rosenberg’s vision of the picture as the intellectual penetration of the painter on the paper. He refers to the canvas “where the mind records its contests – rather than itself the “mind” through which the painter thinks by changing a surface with paint” (Rosenberg 57). Viewing Pollock’s painting from this angle, his technique is aimed at revealing his accumulated negative or positive emotions that have social and cultural undertones. In contrast to Donn
“Saudi Arabian Mining Co (Maaden) said preliminary work on a petrochemical project in Jubail with South Korea’s Daelim Industrial Co will cost about $41 million. In end-December, both firms signed a deal to launch the Jubail project, a petrochemical joint venture with Sahara Petrochemicals Co” (“Maaden, Daelim project to cost $41m”). Since its formation in March 1997, Maaden had concentrated on its five gold mines in Saudi Arabia. The deal with Daelim is another step of Maaden to facilitate its aluminum project. In recent years Maaden has been increasing its phosphate and aluminum projects.” The joint venture, expected to have a capacity of 250,000 tonnes per year (tpy) of caustic soda and 300,000 tpy of ethylene dichloride, is due to be completed in the third quarter of 2012” (“Maaden, Daelim project to cost $41m”). Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) is used in the conversion process of alumina.” The Ras Az Zawr site comprises a plot of land 90km north of Jubail on the coast of the Arabian gulf. A segment of the site is proposed to be used for the construction of the alumina refinery, aluminium smelter, rolling mill and related infrastructure for the Aluminium Complex” (Maaden). Maaden had also signed a deal with Sabic in 2007.The two initiatives by Maaden will help develop its presence in the global markets. Also, these developments will assist the development of fertilizer industry in Saudi Arabia. It is an important step to integrate various industries in Saudi Arabia and link their developments together. “When the complex goes on-stream its world market share of phosphate fertilizer will be 20-25%” (Sabic). “In addition, since
In order to understand cultural and social context of religion of people, the study of theology will be considered ideal. Theology, therefore, is referred to as an ancient intellectual approach that relates region or Christianity and people. Theology study provides an understanding of religious context and studies to individuals. This paper seeks to give a reflection on Powell’s publications in relation to Christianity and the Luke’s gospel. In the context of theology and religion, there are three classes of concepts that are used as a foundation for understanding the nature of religious culture or tradition. Inclusivism , pluralism, and exclusivism are the key identified fields under this context. Luke’s gospel has remained to be a clear publication as one of the most popular gospel books in the bible (Hill et al, 38). The verses and overall organization of the book are ideal for purposes of reading and inspirations to Christians. This is realized based on the organization, content, and context of the book. According to Powell, these three approaches to Christianity and belief have different approaches to the way people view gospel and faith. Inclusivism asserts that God exists, and his presence is felt even to non-Christians who do not believe in religion(Hill et al, 41).This is justifiable since even the book of Luke indicates that Jesus lived among believers and non-believers who never trusted in God. In his publication, Luke mentions that only those who believe can see the kingdom of God. This directly reflects that perception of people falling under the class of inclusivism. They are individuals who work or live under assumptions of the majority. Pluralism, on the other hand, works on the assumption that communications of truth among Christians is a reflection or justification of God’s presence (Hill et al, 44). It justifies the fact that humans can have many religions or different believes but all still lead to one God who lives in heaven. Luke also mentions this where Jesus says that upon his death, “he would resurrect among the dead, arise to heaven and prepare a living for his people in his father’s home, heaven.” Finally, exclusivism refers to the final position of Christians in relation to their faith in God (Hill et al, 46). Their belief is that non-Christians will never experience salvation in their lives. It reflects on different concepts that explain the true nature of Christianity and how it influences the choice of salvation from God. Individuals unde
In their article, Goodman and Preston discuss the achievements of a team of Florida Hospital leaders and consultants, who have to consider the latest changes in the Affordable Healthcare Act and the necessity to meet the needs of multicultural and multilingual customers and introduce the conditions under which the hospital staff can provide high-quality services and work with benefits (25). The authors introduce a four-pronged approach with the help of which cultural competence may be developed. Communication with various chief officers helps to understand how to implement the offered program and make use of simulations, hospital care studies, discussions, and assessments with the possibility to share personal experiences and knowledge. Goodman and Preston conclude that such achievements as the translation of prescriptions, attention to the demographic data, and development of cultural competence blogs may influence the quality of services and the working conditions under which hospital employees have to work. A number of ideas are offered to promote comprehension of what is expected and what can be achieved to meet new standards and overcome the challenges of globalization and a huge patient base. A new initiative that can be offered to my current organization is a kind of additional benefit to the training program discussed in the selected article. The additional benefit is based on the idea of competition between different departments of the same hospital. In addition to the training courses and development the relations with multilingual and multicultural patients, hospital workers have to compete with each other to take a benefit and prove that the offered approach is the best option. On the one hand, the leaders of the hospital have to think about the awards for those employees, who win a competition. This initiative may worsen the relations between the employees of different departments, but it will help to improve the quality of services and communication with patients. On the other hand, there are many positive aspects of the idea: employees stay motivated, gather in groups according to their duties, share their personal interests, and introduce different solutions to the same problems and challenges. Leaders get access to a cheap source of ideas (motivated employees) in order to improve services and relations with patients. One of the main implementation challenges is the necessity to think about the rewards with the help of which all departments in a hospital can be motivated. As a rule, employees expect a financial equivalent of the reward. St
Introduction Among the most exemplary cases of natural disasters and their management was Katrina, a hurricane that hit America in 2004. In that regard, such example demonstrated that the preparedness for natural hazards was not about unifying all the branches of security under one department, but also about coordination as well. Additionally, the tsunami that hit the coastal area of the Indian Ocean in 2004 was one of the events that led to reconsiderations of the preparedness levels in dealing with catastrophes of such scales. In the light of the aforementioned, the present paper examines the literature of emergency and disaster, in order to identify the recent recommendations made in the field of tsunami emergency managements. Tsunami Emergency Management Systems With definitions being an essential and critical aspect of emergency and disaster management, due to “confusion over the meaning given to core terms” (Moore and Lakha, p. 110), the establishment of the category to which tsunamis belong is necessary. In that regard, a tsunami qualifies as a catastrophe, based on such factors as severity, consequences, costs, and socio-legal impact. According to the New Oxford Dictionary of English (1999), cited in Moore and Lakha (2006), a catastrophe is “an event causing great and often sudden damage or suffering: a disaster” (Moore and Lakha, p. 110). Nevertheless, it should be noted that in chapter 36 of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, emergency is the main word used to classify all categories of events, which in this case implies an event or situation threatening serious damage to human welfare and/or the environment of a place in the United Kingdom (Parliament of the United Kingdom, p. 1). With the definitions clarified, the general framework for Disaster and Emergency Management Systems (DEMS) consists of the following elements:   * Assessment of external and internal factors   * A disaster and emergency policy   * Organization for disasters and emergencies   * Disaster and emergency planning   * Monitoring the disaster and emergency plans   * Audit and review (Moore and Lakha, p. 117) Applying such framework to the case of tsunami, it can be stated that the first element, i.e. the assessment of the internal and external factor, is concerned with gathering important statistics. The statistics include the environmental factors, such as weather conditions around the site, the locations of potential impacts, the terrain at such locations, the distance to the nearest Emergency and Accidents Centres, etc. Taking the Tsunami Ready Program as an example of a specific tsunami-based DEMS (Haddow, Bullock and Coppola 216), the assessment stage can be paralleled to the stage in which the communities eligible for the participation in Tsunami Ready are determined. The eligibility criteria might include identifying at risk communities, their descriptions, the availability of weather monitoring equipment, and others. The historical factor might be included as well, specifically for the cases of major incidents occurred in the past, asses
Kellogg West is a hotel and conference center in Pomona set in a relaxing environment free of any distractions. The center is located on a wooded hilltop, a 30 minutes drive from downtown Los Angeles. To enhance its accessibility, it is situated just 15 minutes from the Ontario International Airport. The center offers ideal venues for meetings, conferences as well as special events. It has a professional team that offers a seamless experience to the attendees, whether they are attending a weeding, conference, retreat, or a reunion. Kellogg West continues to thrive by upgrading its services hence improving its level of excellence. There are, however, other hotels in the region offer similar or even better hospitality services. Sheraton Suites Fairplex hotel and conference center, for instance, is a major competitor. The hotel has ultramodern facilities that are quite suitable for business meetings and special events. It has large capacity conference rooms and a business center which is quite relevant to those hosting business meetings. It has a 24-hour front desk services for anyone who might be in need of assistance at any time. It also has banquet facilities which make it easier to host any events. Other facilities provided include a spa tub, an out-door swimming pool, golfing field and fitness facilities. Just like Kellogg West, each room has a hair dryer, ironing board, coffee/tea maker, a refrigerator, cable TV services and phone services. In addition, the rooms are air conditioned with infant beds available. It offers high-speed wireless internet at some fee. There are Braille and equipment for the deaf as well. It has a parking area for those who come in with their private vehicles. It is accessible both from within and without and unlike the Kellogg West center, it allows for roll-away beds. To maintain high level of security at the premises, the customers are supposed to produce their identification details. Kellogg West is however preferable because it has a free high-speed wireless internet and a free parking area for the guests. The beautiful mountainous scenery as well as the green surrounding is an added advantage. According to the AAA ratings, Kellogg West is a four diamonds hotel. This rating is a clear indication that the center adheres to high standards and has quality services and qualified personnel. On aspects of comfort, the hotel has floor to ceiling glass window rooms and balcony which enable the customer to have a clear view of the beautiful surrounding scenery. The rooms are fitted with HD Plasma television screens
Hazards, risks, and injuries One of the most important responsibilities of an employer is to provide his or her employees with a safe and healthy workplace. Occupational health and safety involve a workplace that is free of any hazards, risks, or injuries. A Hazard refers to an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon within the workplace that is a source of danger and can cause an event to result in one way or another (Bohle, Lamm & Quinlan 121). Hazards classify as biological, chemical, or physical. Risks refer to the possibility of harm or infection occurring given that exposure to an infectious agent or a source of danger has occurred. Risks within the workplace involve possibilities of one incurring a misfortune. Injuries refer to any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accidents within the workplace (Bohle, Lamm & Quinlan 123). The three elements have a close relationship because they influence each other. Hazards expose people to risks within the workplace. The more someone has greater exposure to risk, the higher the chances of getting injuries. A hazard can cause harm while a risk is the chance of harm occurring. Injury is the extent of harm. Unsafe conditions and unsafe acts Unsafe conditions and unsafe acts are very important concepts in understanding occupational health and safety. Injuries and accidents are very common within the workplace, and these two elements are some of the causes. An unsafe act refers to human action, activity, or execution of a task in a manner, which poses a threat to the health, and/or safety of an individual within a workplace (Bohle, Lamm & Quinlan 364). Unsafe acts involve human factors, thus they are not easy to identify and respond to within the workplace. Any person within the workplace can make an unsafe act. Examples of unsafe acts within the workplace include insubordination, operating machines without the necessary expertise, removing workplace safety instructions and devices, failure to wear protective clothing, failure to provide warning, and being in dangerous positions among others (Bohle, Lamm & Quinlan 366). On the other hand, an unsafe condition refers to a situation within a workplace that has the potential to cause injury to people or property. Unsafe conditions expose one to various risks, thus hard to avoid them. Most workplaces are typically unsafe places for people to be, because of their numerous hazards that make occupants vulnerable to harm. Examples of unsafe conditions within the workplace include poor housekeeping, congestion, lack of protective clothing, inadequate or lack of warning signs, poor ventilation, and defective tools among others (Bohle, Lamm & Quinlan 369). The steps of accident investigation One of the nightmares that most people dread within the workplace is an accident. Workplace accidents are common, despite the employment laws pr