ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In their works, both Xi Xi and Dung Kai Cheung depict their love for Hong Kong by using a variety of techniques. Some of their approaches are similar whereas some are quite different. While both authors present their descriptions in fiction, Xi’s narration looks like a fairy tale whereas Kai Cheung’s stories sound as if they were taken from some historical almanac. The paper aims at identifying similarities and differences in Xi’s and Kai Cheung’s expression of their “Hong Kong obsession.” The most common and divergent features of authors’ writing style will be analyzed. Common Features in Kai Cheung’s and Xi’s Writing The first similarity in both stories is their fictitious character. Kai Cheung’s narration sounds more realistic than Xi’s, but it still is not void of some romantic and imaginary air. Kai Cheung describes in detail how places and streets received their names, and it seems that he gives his stories a mythical character. Xi describes real people and events, but the general presentation of Hong Kong is offered in an imaginary fashion. It is depicted as a floating city that hangs there “neither sinking nor rising.” 1 However, irrespective of the choice of the level of imagery, both authors employ it, which gives their stories a peculiar character and arouses mixed feelings on the part of the reader. The combination of reality and fiction in narrations makes the stories more interesting to read and allows the audience to feel some romantic and adventurous notes. The second common feature is the use of proper nouns. Both writers mention titles of places and names of people. Kai Cheung pays much attention to the description of streets and squares, such as Possession Street, Scandal Point, Aldrich Street, Central District, the Botanical Gardens, Queen’s Road, Sugar Street, Sycamore Street, Seven Sisters Road, and others. 2 There is even a whole list of streets named after trees: “Pine Street, Oak Street, Beech Street, Elm Street, Ivy Street, Cherry Street, Maple Street, Willow Street, Poplar Street, Cedar Street.” 3 The famous people mentioned by Kai Cheung are predominantly military men and some outstanding persons that contributed to the development of the city. The author speaks of the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Commodore Sir J. G. Bremer, the Health Officer J. A. Davidson, and Major Aldrich. 4 The notorious persons in Xi’s writings are predominantly the people of art. He describes the works of such painters as Magritte, Botticelli, and Li Gonglin. 5 There are no referrals to street names in Xi’s stories, although he describes the parts of Hong Kong in detail as well as the city in general. Also, Xi and Kai Cheun
Introduction Lenovo is one of the most renowned multinational companies that deal with computer technology, design, and the IT software. It operates within major regions of the world and sells its products in more than 160 countries (Lenovo Group 2013). According to the Lenovo Group (2013), most of Lenovo’s production deals are done to consumers and businesses in a number of ways. For instance, the company sells its commodities through retail stores, channels of business account sales, and directly to consumers through internet sales. At the onset, Lenovo faces the challenge of delivering its products to customers in an economic sense and/or according to the appropriate delivery dates. Lenovo has been challenged in terms of efficient fulfilment of customer delivery across the various channels. The primary cause of this challenge lies in the company’s supply network management sustainability issues (Hanifan, Sharma, & Mehta 2014). Sustainability issues affect the logistics network of Lenovo in terms of dangers, rate of waste, and its ecological setting. Sustainability in the supply has been identified as an essential aspect that triggers organisations’ long-term profitability. Lenovo has implemented tools for maximising customer value. One of the most appropriate tools for Lenovo is the Lean Six Sigma. By definition, Lean Six Sigma is a business approach towards profit improvement. The tool has helped Lenovo in terms of reducing waste in areas such as manufacturing, design, or service processes (Shukla, Garg, &
Introduction Total Quality Management (TQM) is a managerial technique that aims at enhancing the quality of products and processes. TQM is based on the principle that consumers or producers of products and services have a collective responsibility in the determination of the quality of those services or products (DTI, 2008). This means that TQM calls for the participation of not only the management, workers, and suppliers, but also the involvement of customers in the realization of set goals. Previous studies have noted that TQM is characterized by nine key principles. First and foremost, cross functional product design serves as the guiding principle, followed by process and supplier quality management. Customer involvement and information, and feedback mechanisms form the next bunch of key TQM principles. Moreover, committed leadership and strategic planning are the other key principles required in the realization of TQM’s objectives. Lastly, cross functional training and employee involvement sum up the list of key principles that define TQM. Generally, a successful implementation framework builds and pulls together an organization’s ideas and concepts. Thus, it begins with collective decision making when crafting the organization’s vision, mission, goals, and strategies (DTI, 2008). The success of the implementation framework relies on collective decision making. Critical success factors define the success of an organization’s mission (DTI, 2008). On the other hand, key performance indicators, are used to gauge whether critical success factors have met their objective. Moreover, benchmarking, process assessment, and process analysis significantly influence the intended improvement goals (DTI, 2008). This calls for the categorization off goals into those that must be redesigned and those that require a continuous improvement (DTI, 2008). This paper compares and contrasts implementation strategies of two organizations namely The European Union (EU) and The Football Association (FA). The European Union (EU) The European Union brings together 27 European nations, which share political and economic privileges. The EU has various supranational independent institutions, which form a link between the cooperating nations. These institutions offer a channel through which intergovernmental decisions are met. The European Commission and the council of the European Union are the chief institutions of the EU. Others include the European central bank, the European council and the European parliament. In addition, the court of Justice of the European Union is a key legal institution of the EU. The Europe parliament is involved in the formation of laws which govern the EU’s member states. The EU has established a single market by formulating well defined laws. Under this system, most of the barriers which hinder trade between member states have been abolished. As a result, there is free movement of goods and services between member states. The most significant leg
Gun control Gun control relates to administrative efforts to regulate sales, ownership, distribution, and use of guns. Gun control has divided the country into three with proponents, opponents, and neutral individuals. People who support strict and tough measures on guns believe that the laws would restrict access by criminals and children and limit injuries and deaths from guns. Conversely, people against gun control laws believe that such laws will not have any meaningful effect on criminals. Some of them have claimed that such laws violate their constitutional right. In 2008, the Supreme Court made a fundamental ruling that upheld the right of US citizens to have arms for self-defense and hunting. It made a similar ruling in 2010 in which it expanded the right of people to bear arms in States and cities (Adams 1). These rulings took place before the recent events of the Colorado shooting and the Sandy Hook Elementary school shooting. The National Rifle Association (NRA) has expressed its opposition to federal regulations against gun ownership, whereas other bodies and the public have favored federal gun control. Some of the gun control laws are in the Gun Control Act 1968 and the National Firearms Act 1934. These laws only accounted for sales, usage, ownership, and the spread of arms. Since these two deadly events, American support for gun control has grown steadily. According to some survey results by Huff Post, 55 percent of Americans believed in strict gun control laws while 13 percent claimed that such laws should not be strict. Still, 27 percent of the respondents did not see the need to change gun control laws. Shootings in the recent past informed the decisions of most Americans to advocate for strong and strict gun control laws. Activists and the public have supported strong and strict gun control laws for a while. There are many reasons for gun control, but the chief reason is to ensure the safety of individuals. Supporters have claimed that such laws would reduce cases of rampant shootings and firearm-related accidents and deaths. These laws also aim to ensure that wrong people do not possess guns. Such people include people with questionable backgrounds, children, and mental health cases. Most gun related attacks relate to guns in the wrong hands of children and juveniles. The law will ensure that minors do not gain access to guns. The laws will restrict access to guns. Besides, supports believe that the implementation of a gun control policy would eliminate cases of criminals owning guns. Most Americans use firearms for suicide too, especially people with mental problems. Gun control laws would make sure that people with mental trauma do not gain access to guns. Moreover, such people increase the chances of arming others with guns already in their possession. The NRA and people who are against gun control laws also have valid reasons for their positions. They believe that such laws shall only put pressure on ordinary citizens who abide by the law, but no
Introduction Humanity has long struggled against various types of natural disasters, including earthquakes, typhoons, floods, and other catastrophes. In California, earthquakes pose a particular problem due to geological processes and specific locations. Namely, the region is situated between the Pacific and the North American tectonic plates, which initiate countless earthquakes of different magnitude (Wei-Haas par. 6). The experts calculate that approximately every 3 minutes, an earthquake occurs in California (Wei-Haas par. 1). Fortunately, most of them go unnoticeable; however, several earthquakes in the 20th century claimed the lives of thousands of people. Some of the deadliest earthquakes in the selected period occurred in San Francisco in 1906, Long Beach in 1933, Loma Prieta in 1989, and Northridge in 1994. Therefore, it is essential to analyze these natural disasters and understand the causes of the tragedies. Ultimately, the current essay examines the most devastating earthquakes in California in the 20th century and proposes a hypothesis of when the next large earthquake might strike. 1906 San Francisco Earthquake The largest and deadliest earthquake in American history occurred in San Francisco, California, on April 18, 1906. The natural disaster destroyed more than 28,000 buildings, resulted in approximately 3,000 deaths, and left 225,000 people homeless (Nash 58). The dimensions of the earthquake were so impactful that all communication lines, gas, and electrics malfunctioned and set the city on fire (Nash 58). Consequently, the fires and explosions destroyed most of the city (Nash 58). In the early 2000s, people were still holding annual events celebrating San Francisco’s endurance (Ellison 64). In 2005, there were only six survivors left; however, the community made sure that the tragedy was not forgotten and that Californians should be prepared for future earthquakes (Ellison 64). Ultimately, it was the most devastating earthquake to ever occur on the territory of the United States, and no one could explain its causes at the time. However, shortly after the earthquake, a group of geologists examined the region and revealed the cause of the tragedy. They found a fault line located parallel to the coast that span for over 700 miles, which they later named the ‘San Andreas Fault’ (Nash 58). In seismology, a fault refers to the discontinuity of the rock-mass movement, and a fault line is a surface representation of a fault (Williams par. 2). This discovery was crucial to the geology and seismology fields and allowed making groundbreaking progress in understanding earthquakes. Namely, the same group of geologists led by Andrew Lawson developed the elastic-rebound theory (Nash 58). In general, the model suggests that the energy built on the opposing sides of the fault exceeds its limits, and the ground snaps (Nash 58). As a result, the 1906 earthquake was the consequence of the two plates on different sides of the San Andreas Fault movement and the eventual energy release (Nash 60). The chart demonstrating the major faults in the area is presented below in Fig. 1. Ultimately, the after-effects o
Abstract The essay covers issues regarding cervical cancer. It sets off by introducing and presenting an overview of the disease and its severity among the female members of the society. According to the essay, cervical cancer is an outcome occasioned by the HPV virus. The HPV virus causes cervical cancer and is spread through sexual contact. The essay also explains the considerations that nurses have in addressing cervical cancer and how they can develop a prevention and treatment plan. Introduction Cancer has become a challenge for medical practitioners around the globe. The rising cases advanced by the ailment comprise some of the factors that make it a challenge. Over the recent past, several individuals across all age groups have suffered from cancer. The various types of cancer comprise the throat, lung, breast, and cervical. Cervical cancer is one that has affected several women and has led to bareness and even death among some of them. The effect of cancer is dependent on the time of its diagnosis. Early detection of the disease helps in minimizing its effects whereas late detection can lead to death or childlessness. It is important to ensure that society receives the requisite knowledge about the disease. Moreover, it is instrumental to accord the right medical attention to cancer patients. Overview of Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that affects the lower part of the uterus known as the cervix. Notably, cervical cancer affects women of all ages who are sexually active. Moreover, Harris (2016) explains that almost a quarter of sexually active women have contracted HPV viruses. Just like any other type of cancer, early detection is very vital in management and prevention. Sexual intercourse with people who have the virus that causes the disease is one of the major ways through which the disease spreads. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the virus that causes cervical cancer. It is notable to explain that even though not all HPV viruses cause the disease, several cases of cervical cancer demonstrate a close relationship with the viruses. According to Medline Plus (2017), HPV viruses can also lead to the development of genital warts, which are not a cause for alarm. However, the close relationship between HPV viruses and cervical cancer is a factor that compels women to visit health centers regularly for checkups. Checkups usually comprise Pap smear, a diagnosis that seeks to test for abnormal cells in the cervix.
There are a lot of different programs and strategies which have been considered as effective for dealing with students with disabilities. Exploring the programs and trying to consider their usefulness and contribution in the studying process, the Peer Buddy Program has been researched from different angles. The most commonly spread steps for implementing the program in class are as follows. First, it is important to establish the importance of the program and to inform the participants about its needs. Second, parents are to be notified. Third, the researchers are to recruit peer buddies. Fourth, peers are to be informed about their responsibilities. Fifth, the program should be set up. And finally, it should be evaluated (Sansosti, Powell-Smith, & Cowan, 2000). All these steps have been conducted and the evaluation has been done. The Peer Buddy Program has been assesses from the following aspects, social purpose of the Peer Buddy Program, the useful social activities which were practiced in the program, social effects of involved adults, providing social supports after high school, working as a peer in future, being in the Peer Buddy Program in the future, recommended social activities for future, academic purpose of the Peer Buddy Program, good academic activities in the program, academic effect of the involved adults, thinking for academic supports and skills after high school, working as a peer, being in peer buddy again in the future, and recommended academic activities for future. The research has been conducted to understand social and academic achievements of students with learning and behavioral disabilities. The results of the research in each of the categories have been achieved. The social purposes of the Peer Buddy Program according to the respondents are to increase social skills interaction, and effective communication between students with disabilities and their peers, and to share experiences and problems. Peers’ responds also refer to the activities which are taken, such as the support of students with disabilities and their peers, the share of the problems with peers who are in the same age level, solution of the problems through discussion, assistance in making friendships outside of school, and collaboration between families and school on developing social and academic skills of children with disabilities. Adults have also been involved in the research and their participation was seen in assistance with development of the verbal skills, in explanation of behavior in the classroom, and in teaching of collaboration among peers and how to deal with those who have disabilities. Four participants believe that they have received social support that assists them to think about their future. The same number of students state that they experience the support from the program in dealing with students in need. Five students express desire to participate in the same program in the future with two purposes, to
Songs about war and its heroes are common and popular in most cultures because it is a tragic event that affects many people. Most often, such songs describe the heroic deeds of soldiers, their courage and struggle, and their life in difficult conditions of war. However, the song “Love Vigilantes” by New Order is an unusual piece as it tells the story of a soldier after the war and has an unexpected ending. Nevertheless, “Love Vigilantes” has the familiar archetypes described by Northrop Frye that will be revealed in this paper. The main plot of “Love Vigilantes” is the story of a soldier returning home after the war, who wants to see his wife and child. In the first two verses, the soldier talks about how happy he is to return home and how it feels to be free (Hook et al. lines 17-18). However, in the third verse, the listener and the soldier himself see his wife lying on the floor in tears and holding a telegram with a message about his death (Hook et al. lines 30-33). This turn of the story is unexpected because the text of the first two verses is cheerful, and the motive and melody of the composition have a fast and joyful mood. Even though Byron (5) argues that verbal cues are not necessary for choosing a strategy for listening to music and understanding it, this verse shows that words can be crucial. Although the joyous melody does not shift, the words dramatically change the meaning of the story. Thus, the authors wanted to emphasize with this discrepancy the tragedy of the moment and the absurdity of the war. In the lyrics, the listener can mark the different phases or seasons that Frye highlights. The first verse refers to the spring phase as the soldier seems to get a new life after the end of his service and is born for the listener for the first time as a character. This approach coincides with the views of Frye (104), who described spring as the phase of the birth of a hero and the victory of good powers over darkness. This context, as well as the joyful mood, allow images and archetypes to be interpreted in a positive, though not comedic, light. For example, the very phenomenon of war in this context sounds like something positive, and soldiers are the archetype of heroes, not victims. This feeling is expressed in the lines “In the name of truth / With our soldiers so brave / your freedom we will save / With our rifles and grenades” (Hook et al. lines 4-7). Consequently, this verse, which is revealed in the spring phase, creates a joyful mood and context for interpreting images. The second verse maintains and continues to transmit the mood of the first one but becomes even more romantic and inspiring. The character is on the way to his family, he thinks only about meeting wife and child, and this period is the dawn of his story. According to Frye (104), such feelings in the literature reflect a phase of summer and triumph and unusually reflects in comedy archetype. This context also creates an opportunity to interpret the character as a romantic lover who is eager to meet his wife and embrace her. The soldier says, “My wife and child waiting