ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Predictive policing is an emergent technology. However, its basics were always used in law enforcement. The right terminology for predictive policing remains a subject of debate. However, a comprehensive definition can still be deduced. According to Ratcliffe (2019), predictive policing is “the application of analytical techniques – to identify likely targets for police interventions” (p. 349). Thus, predictive policing is any strategy that uses existent data for the purpose of analysis in order to potentially predict the future in terms of criminal behavior. In the case scenario, one of the main goals of predictive policing – establishing a pattern – via identifying seven burglaries happening in proximity were recognized. In that sense, crime maps have been a majorly efficient tool that the police have been using long before digitization. They provide a visual overview of a geographic area in the context of offense history and frequency in that area, which is one of the classes of predictive policing – “predicting crime locations” (Tayebi & Glässer, p. 8). The data used for the prediction in the case scenario was mainly resident report data. The main factor for determining potential future offenses was the frequency of past ones in a given area. Additional tools of predictive policing that the police utilize heavily in their work are as follows. The police work on either predicting offenders via the usage of individual history and living conditions – while the same technique is applied to predict future victims as well (Tayebi & Glässer, p. 8). A feature no less important is predicting criminal collaborations – based on the data of a group of individuals like their criminal record, court data, and, additionally, social network analysis. (Tayebi & Glässer, 2016). Together, they comprise a comprehensive system that generates both qualitative and quantitative types of data that are quite precise. The technology has its strengths as well as weaknesses, and it is developing rapidly in order to improve the quality of predictions. However, the main problem that it faces is concerned with the so-called “feedback loop,” the notion that expresses that the decisions made by the system alone are influencing its future predictions, thus creating a bias (Ensign et al., 2018). While this drawback has received a lot of social criticism, the pros of predictive policing are increasingly useful. In the words of police officers, “if there is not enough crime, prediction is ironically impossible,” which is one of the main characteristics of predictive policing (Kaufmann et al., 2018, p. 12). When not used to determine specific individuals as potential offenders and retai
Article review: The mess gets worse at the Hanford’s nuclear site Introduction In order to understand the current issues concerning human resource management, it is necessary to review the safety management systems of companies. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the article, “ the mess gets worse at the Hanford’s nuclear site” , in order to identify the employees’ safety concerns in relation to OSHA and safety act. Article Summary Written by LaFlure on behalf of the NBC News, the article explores the safety concerns that have been raised by employees of the Hansford nuclear site owned by the government. The main safety concern identified by the employee included the exposure to toxic waste materials from the leaking tanks in the nuclear disposal units. Instead of addressing the safety concern as stipulated in the OSHA act, the management of the Hansford nuclear site responded by dismissing the technical and research manager for raising the safety fear. According to the dismissed technical and research manager, the decision organ at the Hansford nuclear site ignored all the safety warnings he sounded. Instead, the senior management team responded by pushing aside the safety evaluation findings in the safety report. This action was against the OSHA rules which recommend investigation and appropriate action against any safety concerns. The decision exposed three hundred employees to health and safety risks, such as toxic wastes. Such exposure might have led to health complications such as cancer, skin, and lung infections (LaFlure, par 15). Lesson learned The main purpose of safety management plan in any organization is to provide it with strategies and measures that empower the company to be able to consistently identify and manage health and safety risks, to reduce any potential for accident. The written safety management plan is important in ensuring that organizations comply with the numerous safety and health regulations stipulated by the OSHA act and other agencies that are responsible for governing safety and health at the workplace. Moreover, the safety management plan serves as a basis of the vital framework of organizational commitment to shared safety responsibilities among the administrators and employees. Unfortunately, the safety management plan was not proactively implemented at the Hanford nuclear site. The nuclear site must have dealt with the safety breach when the situation had deteriorated. Relation to course content As we learned in the class module, there are indispensable sets of safety plans that are reviewed, produced, and updated to ensure continual safety of members of an organization. The safety management plans are developed to detail how the safety is going to be managed between the supervisors and the employees. However, in the case of the Hanford nuclear site, it failed to recognize safety at the individual level. Besides, occupational health and safety must be managed in a systematic way. However, the management of the system safety depends on the size and nature of an organization. It is important to identify the hazards, establish what might be the cause of the hazards, and assess the r
The transportation system has different control tasks. The system has to control costs. The system chooses the collection route and location and the delivery location that will be cheapest yet the company is still able to fulfill its customers. Without the scheduling system, the company officers would manually choose which route to collect from without a thorough analysis of the costs involved in the whole collection and delivery process. The transportation costs incurred in using the manual system cause the company to incur higher production costs causing the selling prices of the milk to be high. Since the company is not cost-efficient the competitors who have fewer transport costs are able to sell their products at a cheaper price causing the company to lose sales and customers. The other companies are able to use a low-cost strategy in selling their product. The second thing that the transport scheduling system looks at is the demand for the milk. The company should not be out of stock in serving its customers. Customer loyalty and reliability is impaired where the customer needs are not met. The scheduling system should be input with the demand for the milk that day so that the collection points with that supply of milk is chosen as the current route and collection point. Thirdly, the system should control the supply and match it to the demand. When the company takes excess supply, it will suffer losses due to spoilt milk as the product is perishable. The supply at the chosen collection points should satisfy the current demand. Excess supply will also negatively impact the profits of the business. The company to avoid making total losses by the milk getting spoilt may end up selling the excess milk at throwaway prices. The scheduling system enables the company to engage in forwarding planning What is the schedule for the day for transportation and collection of the milk? Secondly, the system requires different departments to coordinate well. The sales department has to coordinate with the transport and procurement departments. It involves the integration of the three departmental systems. The departments have to give data that is timely to the operational coordinators of the system. A database may have to be maintained for all the required information with interfaces for the users in the three departments to query and interrogate the system. The data in the database should have integrity. It should be the current costs and demand schedules. A change in the costs of transport should be input into the system as soon as possible. This is to help the company to avoid incurring extra costs by choosing the wrong route based on obsolete information. A change in the demand quotas by the customers should also be input immediately into the system. This means the company needs to have elaborate management of information systems. There should be no data bottlenecks or bureaucracy that will hinder the transport system from optimum utilization. Staff may have to be trained on the importance of quick communication and coordination. This is a sensitive industry where the company is
Primarily, one should note that the country that I chose to perform the assignment is France. Undoubtedly, there are many consulates of France in the United States. However, to take the remains to the “homeland,” it is required to contact a special consulate general located in California, Los Angeles. In this context, a “mourner” should arrange a meeting in the office with a specialist two days in advance to discuss all the details and points regarding the dispatch of human remains and sealing an urn ( Shipment of cremated remains , 2019). Thus, the Consulate General of France in Los Angeles is one of the most relevant places to ask for help to remove “remnants.” Accordingly, I have to provide the following merchandise to the family in the future. First of all, it is necessary to prepare a package of particular documents. For instance, they include a death certificate of a loved one in the US, a medical report, and a certificate of cremation and sealing. Moreover, an attestation of the absence of extraneous attachments and closed sealing of the urn, a certificate of the lack of infectious diseases from the deceased, and a permit to import remains will be required. It is also essential to have a person’s permission to request repatriation and a certified French translation of the death and cremation certificate. Secondly, this family needs an urn with the ashes of the dead, located in a special airtight container. Moreover, there are not too complicated requirements regarding the transportation of the urn in France. A person must apply directly to the French con
Introduction Culture reflects the beliefs, lifestyle, art, traditions, and customs which define a group of people. It has been noted that youth culture originated from youth who “resisted subordination through the production of their own culturally subverse styles” (Yang 2011 p.1048). Compared to earlier perceptions about youth culture as reflecting a political sign of deviance, the current youth culture employs new media to build communities and mobilize them for political beliefs which are acceptable worldwide. The continued growth of web-based communication technologies across the world enhances the spread of content, making the content become diverse. Youth popular culture touches different racial, ethnic and geographical barriers while maintaining the unique identity of the individuals. Youth culture often counters the adult and school based beliefs and thoughts to perpetuate their own values, attitudes and behaviors. Some people have come to accept the youth cultures as the appropriate environment for creating identity and positive transformation. However, the youth culture is not generally accepted across the population, especially by parents, educators and the state who perceive it as encouraging laziness, deviant behaviors and causing degradation of social and moral standards. Like many other parts of the world, young people in China have aligned themselves to global trends and are replacing traditional beliefs, and replacing them with internationally oriented values. New media and Chinese youth culture New media are means of communication that allow digital content to be sent over a wide range of devices, using internet enabled technology. This technology allows interaction of a large audience. The new forms of media and communication technologies are embedded on diverse social and cultural contexts. The technologies can often bring into the socio-cultural environment strong destructive impulses on the social and cultural establishments which led to their emergence. The technologies, thus, revolutionize the social and cultural foundations. Media and communication play an integral role in the social, cultural, economic, and political lives of people all over the world (Liu 2009). The internet has become a daily routine in a significant sector of the population. The young generation, usually those
Executive Summary Image Communication Consultancy is a newly established enterprise that plans to be a leading communication firm in the industry. With the growing conflicts brought by economic and political crisis worldwide, many organisations’ images and reputation are tarnished because of negative media broadcast and negative press publications. Therefore, to stabilise and to enhance favourable image, Image Communication Consultancy firm has a collection of skilled and competent staff to deal with the hurdles that affect various organisations. To realise this strategic plan, Image Communications Consultancy has embarked on a vigorous campaign to solicit support from key stakeholders. Indeed, it is by a solid back up from this important public matter that the consultancy firm will sail to the other side of realising the planned objectives. Owing to the challenges that are inevitable on the way to success, the consultancy firm has established a concrete plan of action to counter any unfavourable and unforeseeable events. Included in this plan is segmentation of tasks into departments for easy identification of any hurdles. Products and Services Designing (Design Department) The in-house design department will be established and will be fully equipped with the latest design software. Services in the department will include designing corporate identity letterheads, complimentary slips, business cards, conference material posters, folders, banners, programs, notebooks, newsletters and magazines, outdoor branding material banners, bunting, print media adverts, promotional material t-shirts, caps, sweatshirts, invitation cards, annual reports, brochures, CD & DVD inlay covers, and flyers. Event Management We will handle all aspects of events including selection of venues, compilation of the guest list, inviting the guest of honour, speeches, catering equipment, program design, décor, welcome desk, invitation cards, branding, media, identifying a master of ceremony, below-the-line advertising, and post event reports. Government Relations Image Communications firm will be one of the few PR firms in America providing this service. This will allow us to help clients develop key insights into government policies and/or engage with the government in an effective and efficient manner with insightful and topical information. Over the next five or six months after commencing business, we will have developed an impressive and unrivalled network of relationships with key government officials and influencers. Media Relations Our approach will not be to communicate to the media, but rather to communicate to the clients as our
In their research, Zhang et al. (2017) address the significance of customer engagement with company social networks and its influence on stickiness. With the development of social media that has already changed the way of communication between people to the fullest extent, the majority of large companies have created their own websites on the basis of social network sites for direct interaction with customers. The effectiveness of this strategy is determined by social media’s function “to turn customers’ offline social networks into online ones,” timeliness, and ability to spread information instantly (Zhang et al., 2017, p. 229). However, the role of consumers has changed as well as they have become information co-creators instead of being passive information “receivers.” In addition, as social network platforms are currently independent and open and a large number of company social networks have already existed, consumers frequently check several websites simultaneously to compare, products and services or follow more than one enterprise website. That is why the concept of stickiness start to attract entrepreneurs’ attention. Zhang et al. (2017) define their research problem as a lack of reliable studies dedicated to the impact of customer engagement. The problem, purpose, and method of the study specified at the beginning of the paper. In general, few previous researches empirically analyze the importance of customer engagement as a new relationship marketing paradigm for the establishment of a good relationship between customers and company social networks (Zhang et al., 2017). Tha
Introduction “Hooters Translates in China” is a piece of literature done by Craig Simon, an American author who has done a lot of literary work in the country. Having stayed in china for a long period, Craig wanted to bring to focus the culture and the lifestyle of the Chinese. He closely brings to focus the current culture, which he describes as liberal and compares it with the past conservative practices. To help put this into perspective, he uses a popular American restaurant, Hooters, which was contracted in China successfully. Harry Potters and Magical Realism, what others have preferred to call Harry Potter phenomena, is a series of literature that transcends various cultural backgrounds with custom-made messages. The books have been written with some sense of mastery of different cultures across the world. As Mims (336) notes, the author has keenly knitted his literature using materials found in the specific targeted region. From the cultural perspective to the political and religious aspects, the series brings out different societies in different ways within their right contexts. It also focuses on mass media and its role in the society. Given a close comprehensive look, the two sets of literatures that is, Hooters Translates in China and Harry Potters and Magical Realism, compare closely not only in terms of the context but also the intent. This essay seeks to analyze the similarities between Hooters Translates China and Harry Potters and Magical Realism. Comparison Literature is one of the most powerful tools used to pass a given message to a specific audience. Literature has seen some transition from the time it was just orally told (oral Literature) to the current written Literature. In both cases, Literature has always been used to express some feelings that the authors seem to realize. According to Zipes (54), no piece of literature comes from the blues. Literature comes from within the society we live. It is what we see and the writer experiences in the society. The process of retelling the story may involve adding a few factious aspects, but even the factious parts are real occurrences only that they are presented in supernormal manner. For this reason, many of the current world literatures compare closely, apart from a little differences that may be caused by cultural, political, and social differences. The essays Hooters Translates in China and Harry Potters and Magical Realism compare very closely. Below are some of the aspects that make the two essays appear similar. Culture According to Reynolds (69), no piece of literature would go without touching on the aspects of culture. The two essays touch on cultures of different societies. Craig, in his essay ‘Hooters Translates in China’ talks about an American firm with American values gaining popularity in China. In this essay, the director of Hooters restaurant in Shanghai once said, “ Hooters isn’t just a restaurant, it is also an American culture, and that appeals to many Chinese ,” (Mims 334). The author brings out the culture of American society and closely connects it to that of china. She notes that for a long time, china had been weary of the weste
Introduction There are various reasons for prison to exist. Brown (2012) viewed prison as a place where society is protected against criminals. A prison’s main aim is to rehabilitate people who happen to be destructive to the economy. By rehabilitating them, the prison offers the inmates various opportunities to learn skills. By learning these skills they may avoid having bad traits, become law-abiding citizens and thus contribute to the growth of an economy. Rehabilitation Rehabilitation is important to make criminals less harmful and productive. This is one of the purposes of prisons, especially for young adults. In prisons, the young people are taught to be responsible for their deeds in the society they live in, they are taught to avoid their involvement in criminal activities (Brown, 2012). The inmates rehabilitated attend some programs which offer educational services. Apart from learning, they develop emotionally, spiritually, and psychologically. The educational programs available in the prison are of great benefit to the inmates and the society as such. The inmates acquire various skills in masonry, carpentry, and construction. All these skills make the inmates productive thus contributing to the growth of an economy. Punish A prison is supposed to be designed in such a way that the harsh conditions in it should be a form of punishment for inmates. However, in most prisons this is not the case because they eat three meals a day and the majority of prisoners watch television. However, the seclusion from their families and restriction of movement is quite sufficient punishments for them. Lack of freedom to call whenever they want, play games, go out or have leisure time is also a perfect punishment for prisoners. There are other forms of punishment where some inmates get strokes of canes. They are also given heavy work by the police wardens (Muncie, 2001). Prisons are supposed to reduce and eliminate crimes in society. They prevent people from committing crimes for fear of going back to prisons (Muncie, 2001). Reducing crimes is supposed to be the main reason for running the prison. Despite this, the inmates should be protected from abuse by their counterparts. The abuse includes rape, beatings, and killings.