ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the novel, Don Quixote’s servants portray unique and contrasting characters of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. In the first part, Cervantes’s Sancho shows some affection for his master. Cervantes was, of course, one of the first to notice the disparities between his Sancho and this unsavory imitation, and he defended his character in Don Quixote , Part I portrays master-knight relations between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza based on friendship and authority relations. In the beginning, servants portray contrasting characters of Sancho and Don Quixote. Sancho spends most of his time drunk and babbling nonsense, but his personality changes drastically from scene to scene and it is impossible to predict his moods. At times he is very learned, but at other times he is an ignoramus; he is a religious man and a blasphemer at the turn of a page; he is a loving father in one scene and has no paternal affection in the next. Don Quixote characterizes his knight: “Wounds received in battle confer honor instead of taking it away; and so, friend Panza, say no more, but, as I told thee before, get up as well as thou canst and put me on top of thy beast in whatever fashion pleases thee best, and let us go hence ere night come on and surprise us in these wilds” (Servantes). One characteristic of this unlovable Sancho that remains constant throughout the triad is his shocking irreverence towards sacred things, an attitude unthinkable in the Sancho of Cervantes. In Part, I, Act 4, Scene 1, Sancho complains about his wife and married life. At the very beginning, Don Quixote and Sancha are ill-suited to each other. In Act 3, Scene 16, Sancho is caught by the cook eating everything he can in the kitchen and packing his wallet full for later consumption. When Don Quixote reprimands him, Sir Thomas Love land pleads for the squire, and Sancho then jokingly states that he would change masters if in the exchange his stomach would be better provided for. The very first dialogue between master and squire, and many other conversations, thoughts, and actions of Sancho in the early chapters seem to suggest that he is indeed a simpleton at the beginning of the story. The passages just considered above demonstrate, on the other hand, that he is no one’s fool at the end. So there might seem to be some grounds for the Quixotification theory (Echevarría 2005). Relations between Sancho and Don Quixote are based on their social position and class location. The Panza’s are, in Cervantes’s fictional world, a family of honest Spanish peasants, whose old-Christian roots are repeatedly emphasized by Sancho. They are well known in their ancestral village, located in the plains of Castile near El Toboso, having had at some time in the past amongst their members two famous wine tasters (Echevarría 2005). In contrast to his master, Sancho is very
Keats’s life and family John Keats was born prematurely to Frances Jennings and Thomas Keats, a Devonshire man in late October 1775 in one of the villages in London. He was born at a time when poetry was re-awakening. His father was a very poor man; he inherited most of his properties from his father-in-law. John was the eldest of the five children born to Frances and Thomas. His siblings included George, Tom, Fanny, and Edward, who had died in childhood. Keats’s brothers grew together in brotherhood; their family pride was remarkable in society. However, the pride of Keats’ brother was only future-oriented; none of them paid attention to the past events. They aimed at uplifting the name of their family without regarding their history; they left no record concerning their success in life (Forman, 228). Frances and Thomas loved their children very much; they wished to send them to Harrow for their education. However, due to their family’s wanting economic status, John and his siblings undertook their early education at Enfield School, a school that was well renowned for offering liberal education. While in Enfield school, John had a role model by the name of Charles Clarke. Charles Clarke was the son of Enfield School’s headmaster. In addition to having enough learning materials, Charles was good at literature. He encouraged and taught John how to write and read (Allot, 60). John lost his father through death in April 1804; he had fallen from a horse on his way home. The death of his father, a stable-keeper greatly affected him. His father’s death had led to his mother’s remarriage with Moorgate, another man within London City. The remarriage of his mother with Moorgate, a stable-keeper exposed him to a lot of mental tortures. His unrest intensified after the separation between his mother and the stepfather. As a result of his mother’s separation from his stepfather, John together with his mother and siblings moved to Edmonton to live with their grandmother, Mrs. Jennings. While in his grandmother’s home, John took his studies from one of the nearby schools. Unfortunately, the economic status of Mrs. Jennings affected his character traits greatly; he spent much of his time in school fighting his fellow pupils including his brothers instead of reading. His physical appearance and character traits made the majority of the people link him with the military instead of literature. However, it was in this school that John developed a passion for literature. John and his siblings lost their mother in 1810. She had died of tuberculosis at the age of 35. The death of his mother led to his grandmother taking the role of taking care of him and his siblings. Due to inability as a result of old age, his grandmother hired two guardians, Mr. Rowland Sandell and Mr. Richard Abbey to take care of him together w
Introduction A former member of the UAE Federal Council, Najla Al Awadhi, develops the article based on her experience and knowledge in the social and economic system in the UAE, especially in regard to women affairs in the country. The author is one of the modern and educated women in the UAE, which provides evidence of her ability to develop an article describing the state of women in the country. Although one may not agree with all the issues that the author puts forward in this essay, it is worth noting that the author has successfully shown that the UAE is one of the few Arab and Islam states that have taken a leading role in implementing women rights as part of the global set of human rights. Summary of the Article Najla Al Awadhi’s article attempts to develop an in-depth description of the decreasing gender gap in the UAE, which is better than any other Arab nation. In measuring the gender gap, sociologists consider a number of social and economic factors such as healthcare, education, employment, education, politics and leadership, and other activities (AlMazroui, 2014). Using this basis, Najla Al Awadhi shows how the UAE government has been using different strategies to achieve a reduced gender gap. However, the author notes that the country is yet to achieve the desired goals and that a number of obstacles must be addressed before the desired goals are achieved. Noteworthy, the author argues that a society with a reduced gender gap achieves more than benefitting its women. In fact, the author argues that gender equality promotes social development. In regards to Islamic beliefs, a common stereotype is that gender equality, and religions cannot exist at the same time. However, the author refutes this claim in the article. Analysis and Evaluation of the Article The author’s main point is to show the state of women in the UAE in regards to the gender gap. The article shows that the country has achieved a lot in reducing the gender gap through education, but a number of obstacles still affect the plight of women in the country. Najla Al Awadhi (2013) also proposes a number of solutions related to the culture of the UAE in order to help in reducing the gender gap, w
Abstract Linux is perhaps the most explored operating system in terms of development. After the invention of the first Linux kernel by Linus Torvalds, developers have been modifying this UNIX-based kernel to produce operating systems with more functionalities and stability. One of the main factors that make Linux development interesting is the fact that Linux is open source and thus users and developers can add functionalities on it to make it better. The source codes for various releases of Linux operating system are also accessible to developers. Since the first kernel, individuals and companies have developed numerous others, with each being responsible for dozens of Linux operating system releases. Introduction Linux is perhaps the only operating system that has the most dedicated and committed followers. It has also gained a lot of popularity “as the leading server operating system” ( Linux Operating System 2003, p. 1). Linus Torvalds developed Linux, while he was studying in a Finnish university. It is based on the UNIX operating system and it was developed with the assistance of developers across the globe through the internet. In fact, the people who first developed major components of the Linux operating system: Linu
Both China and India are vivid representatives of South Asia with their prosperous history, diverse culture, and ancient traditions. Apparently, these two surpassing countries have a lot in common, yet they are utterly different. Researchers note that, although throughout the whole history, there were some doubtful, even hostile, moments, the relations between China and India can mostly be considered as cooperative and positively bilateral. 1 In addition, their mutual religion, Buddhism, has been working as an utterly steady bridge since the very beginning of China-India (also called Sino-Indian) or Indo-China relations dated back as far as the 2nd century BCE. The history of these two countries is remarkably long and full of various events, and so are the relationships between China and India. Studying these two countries, their interaction and observing their differences and similarities seem to be significant for analyzing and comparing them. To start with, it seems essential to delve into the history of India since it is one of the most ancient people’s living place. According to Khilnani, around 7,000 BCE in South Asia, a settled life began, including anatomically modern humans, farming and pastoralism. 2 People were developing, studying new plants and animals and gaining and improving new skills. A settled life had become more widespread by 4,500 BCE, and the people living there eventually became the Indus Valley Civilization. This civilization, which was spreading and thriving on the Indian subcontinent, in the north-western part, from 3300 to 1300 BCE, was the first considerable civilization around South Asia. India was united in a single State for the first time by the Maurya Empire around 150 BCE. Geographically, it was one of the largest Empires of that time. Impressively enough, that India was approximately 1,5 times larger than modern India, with a total population of around 50 million people. 3 Then, as the eras were changing, India had its “ups and downs”. In other words, many Empires came and left, and India was continuously either fragmented or owned by an Empire. Therefore, it is possible to note that India was a united and independent State only for a limited amount of time throughout history. Other Empires’ changes and movements utterly influenced that state of India. In addition, according to facts, India has become a united country only since gaining independence from England, which happened around 70 years ago. There is no doubt that this fact does not interfere with India’s being one of the most ancient nations and motherland of many sages. It is also essential to consider wading more profoundly into Chinese history. Contrary to India, the hi
Many household products/items contain chemicals likely to find their way into cells. According to Science Daily (April 3, 2008) Bisphenol A is one of such chemicals. This chemical is said to leach into food and beverage from a variety of consumer products. If it does so it is said to cause normal, non-cancerous human breast cells to express genes characteristic of destructive breast cancer cells ( AScribe Medicine News Service , 2008). Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly found in majority of plastic water bottles, baby feeding bottles, in food can linings, in addition to teeth protection sealants used by dentists (George & Jonathan, 2006). BPA is widespread compound with a divisive reputation and behaves like estrogen with carcinogenic effects including enhancing breast and prostate cancer risk. As per 2004 research by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, about 95 people out of 100 have traces of BPA in their urine. Moreover, out of this number women are portrayed to have an enhanced blood concentration of BPA as opposed to men, with children exhibiting higher concentrations than adults ( AScribe Medicine News Service , 2008). Another research by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency carried out in 2007 showed high levels of flame retardant chemicals in the blood of house cats. Such chemicals are associated with interference in thyroid production. These findings led Washington environmental group to launch a study involving pet dogs and cats. The study found that chemicals found in plastic additives, food packaging, heavy metals, fire retardants and stain resistors to be present within these animals ( AScribe Medicine News Service , 2008). This lead to the conclusion that some chemicals found in household items are likely to be found in human cells. It is important to note that these chemicals found in the packaging surfaces or contents of household products can cause long terms health problems such as cancers of the breast, brain and testicles, lowered sperm counts, early puberty as well as other reproductive system defects; diabetes, attention deficit disorder, asthma in addition to autism (George & Jonathan, 2006). Reference Common Organic Compound Found in Many Household Products May Pose Health Risk to Breast Cells; Bisphenol A Could Increase Risk of Breast Cancer. AScribe Medicine News Service . George Johnson & Jonathan Losos, (2006) Essentials of the Living World. 2 nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
Introduction While considering integumentary disorders, namely, moles, it is essential to pay attention to their size, form, and any recent changes. The evaluation and diagnostics of skin disorders should also be supported by the focus on a patient’s history, occupation, and lifestyle (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook, 2017). In this case study, Mr. KB is present for the examination as he concerns about his mole that looks different from others. History and Subjective Assessment The role of history in assessing patients’ conditions plays a vital role in identifying the differential diagnoses. According to Chang et al. (2014), those who have a family history of skin cancer should be examined at least once a year. Mr. KB reports continuous sunlight exposure and melanoma in his aunt, who was diagnosed at 45. The physical assessment reveals that the identified mole is asymmetrical, prone to color variegation, and tends to have lopsided borders. More to the point, the patient states that he lives in Hawaii, while, previously, he was a construction worker. It is evident that his skin was excessively exposed to the sun. As for the required objective data, Trotter, Sroa, Winkelmann, Olencki, and Bechtel (2013) pinpoint that the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) suggests that blood testing, dermatologic surveillance, pathomorphological study, and biopsy are useful to diagnose such patients. Differential Diagnoses  1. Malignant melanoma (in situ). This diagnosis is selected as the primary since all the symptoms reported by the patient, as well as physical examination results, coincide with melanoma signs. In particular, the size of 0.2 cm, irregular borders, different colors, verrucous surface, and asymmetry show that this diagnosis is most likely for the given patient. The risk increases with the number of such moles under insolation (Zalaudek et al., 2014). Melanoma has a greater uneven color and may have areas that are red, blue, whitish, or depigmented with the appearance of a scar (Chang et al., 2014).  2. Atypical nevi. This disease is characterized by a large size of moles and irregular pigmentation, yet it is not benign (Zalaudek et al., 2014). Nevertheless, such nevi present an increased risk of melanoma development.  3. Seborrheic keratoses. It is a category of various non-inflammatory skin diseases characterized by a common symptom such as a violation in the formation of the stratum corneum (Dourmishev, Rusinova, & Botev, 2013). In other words, keratosis causes excessive thickening of the stratum corneum and a delay in normal exfoliation.  4. I have pigmented basal cell carcinoma. It has a pearly appearance and telangiectatic blood vessels (Dourmishev et al., 2013). Treatment O
Executive Summary The case “Coca Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010” highlights the major issues that has been confronting these two marketers of carbonated drinks. The multinationals have been engaging in endless competition. The firms have been fighting for more suppliers and bottlers. They also identify new suppliers in order to reduce their production costs (Yoffie & Kim, 2011). These firms produce similar products in an attempt to compete successfully. Coca Cola has produced different drinks to cater for the emerging needs of its customers. Pepsi has also been using the same strategy to produce new products. Pepsi launched “new products such Diet Pepsi, Teem , and Mountain Dew in order to remain competitive” (Yoffie & Kim, 2011, p. 6). The companys’ advertising strategies have also focused on the expectations of many customers. For instance, Coke used its famous American’s Preferred Taste campaign in order to market its products in 1955. Pepsi also “came up with Pepsi Challenge ” (Yoffie & Kim, 2011, p. 7). Coke responded to Pepsi’s strategy using numerous price reductions, rebates, and advertisements (Yoffie & Kim, 2011). As well, Pepsi introduced new products in the market. Such products were also marketed using cheaper prices. Coke went ahead to identify new ways to acquire cheaper concentrates. The important goal was to minimize its production costs. The move was undertaken in order to make the firm successful. As well, the changing health needs of different consumers continue to force these corporations to produce appropriate products. For instance, Diet Coke was aimed at addressing the health issues of many Americans. In order to improve its performance, Coke decided to introduce Dasani (Yoffie & Kim, 2011). Pepsi responded by producing its Aquafina . Coke’s decision to operate internationally forced Pepsi to undertake similar strategies. Price wars have also continued as the organizations try to dominate the industry. The declining sales recorded today will force the corporations to identify new competitive advantages. Many companies are currently producing non-carbonated drinks. This trend will revolutionize the nature of this rivalry in the future. However, the agreeable fact is that the wars have led to new opportunities for different players. The strategies continue to satisfy the needs of different customers. Recommendation This case study shows clearly that the Cola Wars will continue in the next years. That being the case, every company should identify the most appropriate strategy that can create a difference. Coke can produce new non-carbonated drinks in order to attract the attention of many consumers. This approach is relevant because many people have become aware of the health issues associated with carbonated products (Yoffie & Kim, 2011). The greatest fear is that such a strategy might encourage Pepsi to use a similar approach. The issue of bottler-consolidation should be taken seriously in order to support the best business processes. The firms can also acquire new resour
It is almost impossible to ignore the fact that the threat of terrorism became more obvious after the 9/11 attacks. Thus, although the United States “was upwards of 60 percent more likely to experience terrorism prior to or during the year 2001 than since,” it is important to note that “the opposite trend holds for those countries with a higher proportion of Muslims” (Smith and Zeigler 1). From this perspective, the U.S. citizens, as well as people all over the globe, remain to be at risk of dying because of a terrorist attack if the fight against terrorism is not effective. The Republican Party is inclined to provide a strict plan of action to overcome the threat of terrorism and protect the safety of U.S. citizens because decisive actions are required to address the problem. The first point to discuss is the necessity of strong and even aggressive steps to take against terrorism. The recent situation in the world accentuates the idea that passive or “peaceful” strategies against terrorists cannot lead to effective results, and more new and strait decisions are necessary (Schuurman 1-2). From this perspective, it is important to finance anti-terrorist military activities in order to be able to prevent terrorist attacks. It will be possible to protect not only the citizens of the United States but also other people all around the world who suffer from a constant risk of attacks. The second point to consider is the importance of avoiding any negotiations with terrorists. The practice of addressing terrorist threats and attacks demonstrates that the way of diplomacy and negotiations does not work in these situations, and it is inappropriate to fulfill terrorists’ demands. This path cannot lead to satisfying their requests as well as to stopping their activities (Hirschbein 136-137). Therefore, all the actions that are oriented against terrorists need to be active, powerful, and associated with the use of force. The third important point is the necessity of making countries all over the globe limit their production of weapons of mass destruction that can be potentially used by terrorists. In order to address this goal, it is possible to use strong and force-based actions. The reason is that the absence of this arsenal can be discussed as a guarantee for protecting the humanity from the threat of using nuclear or biological weapons (Rubenzer 322-324). Diplomatic and negotiation-based strategies are usually viewed as inefficient to address this situation, and an active response of the Republicans is expected to be successful in this case. There are three key reasons to become oriented to more dynamic and effective actions against terrorists in the United States and globally. The first one is the necessity of acting more quickly and purposefully to prevent possible attacks. The second one is the necessity of avoiding the situation when terrorists dictate the conditions through negotiations, and the third one is the necessity of addressing the risk of using weapons of mass destruction. Strong and active strategies based on the use of military forces and means are important to