ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Manu Chandaria is a unique entrepreneur who has dedicated most of his life to growing a huge business empire that spans 45 countries, creating employment for thousands of people and business opportunities for many others. Chandaria who is 76 years old currently chairs more than ten boards of his companies which are Mabati Rolling Mills, Kenindia Assurance Company, and others. He is also the founder chairman of the East African Business Council and the Kenya Private Sector Alliance. Manu’s business acumen has enabled him to be appointed to various Kenyan and Indian governments advisory positions. He has also received several honors for his charitable and social work. The honors are; Order of the British Empire conferred by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in 2003, Elder of the order of the Burning spear conferred by H E president Mwai Kibaki, President of the Republic of Kenya among many others in India and Korea. Manu’s favorite hobby is photography. Dr. Manu Chandaria has distinctive traits and characteristics that allow him to engage in business as well as numerous charitable activities. Manu is a role model and a symbol of business prowess and charity across Africa and beyond. He is a cheerful, considerate, thoughtful, patient, focused, friendly and hardworking man. He is also a tolerant, humble, kind, and open-minded person who interacts with all kinds of people regardless of their position in society. He is a self-disciplined and sincere person who accepts and embraces change. Manu has exceptionally high levels of energy and does not miss any appointments. He is an optimist and a philanthropist engaged in activities of more than thirty charitable organizations. I believe that we share some traits and characteristics with Manu. I am honest, hardworking, humble, and focused just like Chandaria. However, I may not be as optimistic as he is because I am sometimes less optimistic. I am also not a philanthropist and, I occasionally miss my appointments. Lastly, I do not tolerate everybody all the time as he does. In conclusion, I believe that people of Manu Chandaria’s traits and characteristics are few just as people of his entrepreneurial acumen, accomplishment, and success are. However, it is my opinion that many other factors contribute to one’s success as an entrepreneur beyond traits and characteristics. These include access to capital, information, and the prevailing market and economic conditions. Finally, not all successful entrepreneurs have similar traits and characteristics.
Introduction The Nile Valley in North Africa, Euphrates and Tigris River Valley in south Asia are considered the origin of modern technology. The two regions enjoyed political and economic success during the ancient times that facilitated civilization. Their strong armies made them very successful. Many people were moving to urban centers where more job opportunities were becoming available in the construction and trade sectors of the economy. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt had a well established government structures with authorities responsible for various tasks. According to Houston, the two kingdoms played a major role in enhancing technological development and civilization (65). In this study, the researcher will look at the differences that existed between the civilization development of Mesopotamia and that of Egypt. Discussion The two kingdoms shared a number of factors in their civilization process. In this paper, however, the researcher will look at the differences in the civilization process. The following are some of the areas where these two ancient king
The Ebola virus is an elongated and filamentous virus, whose length ranges from 800nm to 1000nm. However, its length can extend to 14000nm as a result of concatamerization. The virus has a diameter of 80nm, which is normally uniform. The virus has a helical nucleocapsid, which has a diameter of between 20-30nm and a central axis. On the outside, the virus is covered by a helical capsid that has a diameter of between 40-50nm and cross-striations measuring 5nm. The viral fragments are polymorphic in nature and can have varying shapes, some taking a “U” shape, a “6” shape, or they can be circular. These fragments are enclosed in a lipid membrane. Each virion always contains a negative-sense genomic viral RNA that is single-stranded. Transmission Whenever a new Ebola outbreak occurs, it is believed that the first patient that developed the disease must have had contact with an animal that was infected. Transmission between persons occurs when an uninfected individual has close personal contact with an infected person or body fluids from the affected person. Transmission normally occurs at the late stage of the disease or following the death of the affected individual. The risk of infection is high following handling deceased humans, mainly during funeral preparations. In a controlled lab setting, exposure of non-human primates to aerosolized ebolavirus isolated from pigs resulted in an infection. However, no evidence has ever been published to show airborne transmission between primates. Viral shedding has also been described in rectal swabs and nasopharyngeal secretions of pigs when the animal was experimentally inoculated. The disease has an incubation period of between 2-21 days, with an infectious dosage of between 1-10 organisms in non-human primates. In terms of disease communication, the disease can be spread as long as the body fluid, organs, or blood contains the virus. The virus has also been extracted from semen within 61-82 days following the onset of the disease. Transmission via semen has been shown to occur even seven weeks after total recovery from clinical symptoms. The natural reservoir for the virus is still not known. However, the discovery of antibodies against the virus in the serum samples from wild cats and domestic guinea pigs suggests that these animals could be the reservoirs; however, this has not shown any relationship with the human transmission. Some species of bats are also thought to be natural reservoirs, as viral RNA and antibodies against the virus have been isolated from them. The advantage of this disease and its mode of transmission is that it can only be transmitted by symptomatic patients. This is helpful because it allows health workers and the public, in general, to identify the affected persons, quarantine them, and handle them with uttermost caution. This eventually minimizes incidences of new infections and rates of transmission, unlike the spread of diseases tha
Introduction Telstra Corporation Limited is a service provider of telecommunications, information services, and network platform businesses and the ex state owned monopoly offers conventional telephone-service to homes and industries, adjacent and long-distance service, mobile telecommunications, and an inclusive range of data-services, comprising Internet and online-services. This firm is Australia’s foremost ISP- the business also offers wholesale-services to other service-providers, builds and manages telephone directories, and offers pay television services instantly by its Foxtel. According to Anon (2009), Telstra’s fixed telephone network expands from the main cities to the rural places and it has also created a number of delivery-platforms on which it supplies services, encompassing transaction and digital-data-networks, crossbreed fibre-coaxial cable broadband network, Internet-protocol-networks, and way in to global satellite infrastructure. Background of the Company: Telstra became a legal corporate name of an amalgamated entity in 1993- the national business name, Telecom Australia, altered into Telstra in 1995 to differentiate Telstra from other telecommunications businesses in highly hostile markets; however, the company had been trading as Telstra globally from 1993. In 1990s, Telstra started to modify the competitive scenario of the overall Australian telecommunications market, and by 1991, it was open to rivalry in the national long distance and international telephone service markets. O’Leary (2003) suggests that the Commonwealth of Australia, in 1997, offered 1/3 of the company on ASX, NYSE, and NZSX; in 2000, to take the Sydney Olympic Games to above 400bn spectators, it built a communications network. Outline and Purpose of the report: The rationale of this report is to evaluate current and past performance strategic decisions of Telstra, to assess the competitive position, to consider the internal and external environments, and recommend based on strategic gap. Scope and Limitations: The main problems to complete this report were limited time to conduct research, the high price of few important journal articles, and academic reports on Telstra Corporation, and unavailability of relevant secondary resources. On the other hand, this study has scope to consider the organizational structure, past performance, and strategy of Telstra, which it uses to achieve its vision statement with skill of the management and w
In Defense of Richard Nixon This article explores a statement written by Dean Burch who was a special assistant to President Richard Nixon. The statement was written as a response to calls for Nixon’s resignation for his involvement in the Watergate scandal. The author starts by expressing his dissatisfaction with the reaction of Chicago Tribune’s editors who wanted Nixon to resign. The response is unexpected because the newspaper is respected by many Americans. The decision made by the editors cannot be ignored because they have a right to give their opinions. However, the process used to arrive at that decision should be closely scrutinized. The editors stated that their decision was informed by revelations made in the White House transcripts that were released after the scandal. Their perceptions and expectations of the President changed after reading the transcripts. The information contained in the conversations contradicted the character displayed by Nixon in public. The author disagrees with that conclusion because in his opinion, the President was trying to explore different avenues in order to find out the truth regarding the Watergate scandal. He was trying to obey the law, keep public interests in mind, and protect the reputation of his officials (Burch, 1974). The scandal was critical to the stability of the United States and therefore he had to proceed cautiously and act creatively. Moreover, he had to protect the presidency and the nation. The actions of the President were right with regard to the context in which they were performed. Decision-making is difficult especially in high levels of government. Therefore, Nixon did what was right for the country (Burch, 1974). The author agrees that certain revelations in the transcripts undermined Nixon’s values. However, proper understanding of the challenges and requirements of the presidency could help to understand why certain decisions were made. Nixon’s reactions were not contrary to his character but mere reflections of the need for strong and flexible leadership (Burch, 1974). The decision made by the Chicago Tribune’s editors was biased because it was based on selective conversations that did not reflect the Nixon’s stand on America’s foreign and domestic policy. There are other conversations that reflect the president’s readiness to improve the lives of American citizens and enhance the effectiveness of the country’s foreign policy. Nixon might have acted irrationally and made some mistakes. However, his weaknesses are not a good enough reason for his impeachment. The author of the article protects Nixon and faults the decision made by the Chicago Tribune’s editors. The views of the author are biased because he considers only one side of the issue. He agrees that the president could have made some mistakes. However, the author argues that Ni
Among the social problems affecting various countries globally, poverty has been an enormous problem and a hindrance to a country’s development. Poverty is a problem that affects the immediate citizens of the affected country. In this case, Burundi has been affected by this social problem of poverty. This country is among the East African countries, a land-locked and more densely populated currently ranked as the poorest country not only in Africa but in the entire world (Kircher, 2018). Most citizens in the whole country live below poverty level. The social problem of poverty in Burundi can have many stimulants, one of them being inadequate access to food leading to hunger. This is an alarming problem, with fifty-two percent of children suffering from malnutrition among the rural societies in this country (Jones, 2021). Despite women being good family caretakers, social injustice has been encountered concerning the national association of social workers (NASW) (Hebenstreit, 2017). The rationale for studying poverty as a social problem in Burundi is that it will help to combat poverty through the advocacy plan at the end of this paper. If the advocacy plan is implemented, the project may lead Burundi to move out of the third world countries to developing and developed countries in the future. This paper focuses on poverty as a social problem concerning human rights violations, social injustices, and traumatization in Burundi. Burundi is the chosen country in this paper, a third-world country in East Africa in the continent of Africa. Family planning is an important aspect to check on for the child and maternal health regarding public health. This factor, if considered, may lead to the betterment of this country’s population health, which will help eradicate the social problem of poverty. Farming is one of the major activities carried out in Burundi, it is a cultural factor leading to poverty. The primary source of livelihood to nine out of ten Burundians is agriculture (Ndedi & Nisabwe, 2017). This reason is that the majority of the citizens look upon farming to earn a living which means excellent competition in agriculture. In seasons of less harvest, the majority of the citizens experience starvation which influences their health as well as social work (Muchiri & Nzisabira, 2020). If not catered for, hunger may lead to more deaths than diseases and epidemics. As a result of enthusiasm concerning poverty, the citizens are influenced to trauma due to distress and lack of food. Long-time trends in exposure to hunger traumatize the citizens emotionally and physically as food is essential for human growth and energy generation to work. From the social aspect view, gender-based violen
Cutting a Long Story Short: When the Organization Was Falling Apart There have been a number of theories of leadership, some of them credible and understandable, others complicated and practicing a mixture of various leadership styles; yet was no theory of success – until Jack Welch took the wheel and reinvented the whole perspective of what leadership is supposed to be. Tracking the way Welch reorganized the company and turned it into a true goldmine will most possibly lead to understanding the whimsical ways in which leadership and management strategies collide to provide a perfect result. According to Angier, Pond & Angier (2004), In 1960, Welch started in GR’s plastic division for an annual salary of $10,500 […]. In December 1980, Welch was announced as the new CEO and chairman of GE. It was a record-breaking appointment. At 45, Welch was the youngest chief the company has ever appointed. (Angier, Pond & Angier, 2004, 90) Thus, the given paper is aimed at analyzing the methods which Welch used to turn GE into a clockwork mechanism, as well as learning about the specific strategies which Welch used, the strengths and weaknesses of the leader of the XXI century, and the theories which Welch used as the life buoy for his incredible venture. Jack Welch and His Leadership Qualities: The Napoleon of the Business World There are many ways to describe Jack Welch’s personality and approach towards his employees and his business; however, the one who managed to capture the essence of Welch’s multilateral personality and distill the three ultimate qualities that make the entrepreneur the king of the business world is Shriberg; according to the latter, the main features of a leader that Welch possesses are: “(1) His personal willingness to keep learning and the establishment of a learning culture at GE; (2) constant open communication with employees, and (3) a willingness to take risks and embrace change” (Shriberg, 2010, 71). Considering each will bring one closer to the secret of Welch’s success. Quality #1: charging people with energy Despite rather rough and uncompromising manner of employing and dismissing the staff, Welch does have his own ways of making the company prosper, and one has to give the credit where it belongs to – with the help of a very specific leadership style, Welch has managed to bring the company back from ashes. Welch, with the unceasing energy of his, filled the entire corporation with the desire to move on and generate new incredible ideas. Indeed, the idea of charging people with energy is one of the key principles of Welch’s leadership manner. As Shriberg (2010) commented on Welch’s teachings, In 2005, Welch co-authored (with his wife Suzy) a book titled Winning . In this book, they stress the qualities and traits that a leader should possess. In particular, they emphasize that leaders should exude positive energy, energize others, reward an
In the article “The Eighteenth-Century Origins of the Musical Canon,” William Weber discusses his school of thought regarding the origin of the musical canon, which he believes started with the repertory. He builds his case by examining the social, historical and intellectual foundations of this tradition. His is an article in response to Joseph Kerman’s, whose views he did not agree with completely and refutes them by saying that the musical canon has been shaped mostly by a number of forces, ideas and social norms present in the musical culture, which have all acted in their own unique way and led to the origins of the canon. The canon, according to the author, emerged “quietly and inconspicuously”, out of the practices and customs of musical convention, and not from a literary movement or intellectual philosophy. And while the author accepts the musical importance of the Romantic Movement as having influenced the origins of the musical canon, he believes that the early Romantic musical commentators had themselves been influenced by the processes of the time and age prior to Romanticism. The modern musical canon emerged out of customs such as the persistence of older music and the stature awarded to older musicians via various ways, the most important being the prestige awarded to them in church music and pedagogy. Old practices started becoming more common and more important in musical spheres, as they were understood and appreciated the way they had been conceived. There were also social, political and intellectual factors which influenced this extension of earlier practices- capital cities bloomed and concerts started becoming a welcome norm, the opera assumed bureaucratic tendencies, the Classical tradition in literature changed – all these and other factors facilitated t
Korean popular culture should not be interpreted as the style of life Koreans prefer now only. It is the way of how the country has been developing during a certain period, its relations with other cultures, and the adjustments that should be made to meet the standards and co-exist with other cultural representatives. In this paper, the evaluation of the relations of power between the western impact and Korean popular culture in terms of Asian countries will be offered to demonstrate how competitive and independent the Koreans can be in their intentions to protect their history and interests. For a long time, Korea seemed to be a closed country with its unique traditions and people, who do not find it necessary or justified to share their ideas with other nations. In the middle of the 1990s, Korean popular culture has spread through such countries as China, Taiwan, and other Asian countries (Shim 25). At the same, the spreading of Korean culture was challenged by the necessity to consider western influence and investigate the relations of power between these two types of culture. Regarding the power of Korean values, it is interesting to admit that South Korea was the last East Asian country that opened up to western influences (Fitzsimmons and Lent 38). The reasons for such decisions were not connected with the necessity to ask for help or overcome some local challenges. The idea to join the World Trade Organization, open its markets, and make its culture available to people from other countries was regarded as a chance to provide all foreigners with a chance to learn the power of Korean cultural values and their uniqueness. It was defined as the “Korean Wave” or “Hallyu” by the Chinese media in 1998 (Kim 1; Kuwahara 3). Korean culture turned out to be popular in many countries: China found the powerful aspects of Korean music, economic, and economy, Cambodia was pleased to develop labor relations with Korea as well as to provide Cambodian women marry Korean men (Choi and Nip par. 10), and Japan was challenged by the necessity to share its leading positions in the music market (Hong par. 3). However, even the brightest innovations and passion for their culture that was introduced by the Koreans to the world were not enough to change the power of the West. The impact of the West remains to be a crucial aspect for consideration. To survive and stay “untouched” by western influences, Korean popular culture should support its goals that are to share their values, and that is all. The Koreans have been tried to protect their culture during a long period. Their decision to open up their cultural principles should no