ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Learning organization is a term commonly used among corporations that facilitate knowledge gaining to their members. Such organizations endlessly transform themselves through acquisition, creation and transfer of knowledge by modifying the behavior of their members so as to reflect new knowledge and insights (Love, 2003). It develops as a result of the challenges facing contemporary organizations and helps them to stay aggressive in the business setting. A learning organization has five characteristics which include; shared vision, team learning, system thinking, mental model and personal mastery. As organizations develop, they drop their capability to become skilled as company structures and personal thinking turn inflexible. As soon as troubles arise, the planned solution often revolves to be only small-term and recur in the future. To stay competitive, many organizations have re-organized themselves with a smaller number of people in the corporation (Love 2000). This means that those who stay behind are required to work more effectively. To build a competitive benefit, companies are required to learn quicker than their competitors in order to widen a customer receptive culture. Organizations have to maintain information about new products as well as processes; they should also understand what goes on in the external environment. A good organization creates creative solutions by means of the knowledge and skills acquired as a result of organizational learning. This calls for co-operation among individuals as well as groups, free and dependable communication, and a culture of trust. Change management is defined as a planned move toward shifting of organizations, teams and individuals from an existing state to a preferred future state (Liebowitz 2001). This organizational process is aimed at helping workers to recognize and accept changes in their present business environment. Change management is used when referring to project management courses in which changes to development are officially introduced and accepted. Since change management is a multidisciplinary practice that has changed as a result of academic exploration, it begins with an organized analysis of the current situation in order to make a decision between t
No parent-child relationship is perfect. There is not a single person who does not believe that something could have been better in his upbringing. The child can see, more clearly than many believe, where her parent has fallen short. The thing about this though is how it relates to the next generation. That child grows and vows to correct the mistakes of his parents on his children. This attitude always leaves out a very important aspect of reality—the present—rendering a parent incapable of responding fully to the needs of her child with full, unrestrained awareness. The parent is acting from the past. The well-meaning intention is what causes most difficulties in parent-child relationships, and can be exemplified in the short stories “The Girl Next Door,” “Everyday Use,” and “The Triumph of the Egg.” The thing about a tragic victim is in each is a penchant to victimize. Subtly, in “The Girl Next Door,” David Sedaris shows this to his readers. Two parent-child relationships are on display in this short story. One is shared by the main character, who remains unnamed, and his mother. The other is shared by the main character’s two neighbors. Brandi is 9-years old and is the title character. She “latched onto” (Sedaris, 2009, p.1) the main character shortly after he moves into her building. Her relationship with her mother can be best summed by the following: “A normal mother might have wondered what was up—her nine-year-old daughter spending time with a twenty-six-year-old man—but this one didn’t seem to care” (Sedaris, 2009, p.1). The main character’s relationship with his mother can be summed also: “She liked to take my problems back to the source, which was usually me” (Sedaris, 2009, p.1). His
Introduction The current outbreak of a new coronavirus that was first detected to affect humans in Wuhan (China) and, in a short time, spread globally, has an impact on the health of people all over the world. The resources of medical organizations are employed to combat the virus and provide all necessary medication and care to the infected people. However, it might be argued that the problem of mental health of the population and the level in which it was impacted, has not yet received adequate attention. In light of this, an appropriate question for nursing research may be related to the strategies and possible actions of nurses for providing the improvement of the mental health of the people affected (or supposed to be) by a coronavirus. Approach to this problem requires, prior to performing evidence-based practice (qualitative research), the examination of its theoretical and factual basis, which is available up to date. Such a review will be provided in this paper, helping to create the appropriate focus and form the objectives for the following research. Main body First, the analysis of the factors within the pandemic situation, which may affect public mental health, should be undertaken. The first group of such determinants that cause stress and anxiety among the people includes direct, or objective, factors. They include influence on daily behaviors and disturbance of the routine; impact on the economy, including people’s personal income in the quarantine situation; cutting access to the medical, educational, and other social institutes (Torales et al., 2020). The second group may be called indirect, or subjective, determinants, which include people’s perception of the situation. The level of fear, anxiety, panic is usually evaluated as unreasonably excessive, inappropriate to the actual condition. Thus, Shigemura et al. (2020), describing the situation in Japan, state: “as of 3 February 2020, no one had died directly from coronavirus infection… However, a government worker who had been in charge of isolated returnees died from apparent suicide” (p. 281). One of the reasons for such cases is the lack of distributed information or its credibility. Meanwhile, people tend to imagine the real situation more seriously than it is, and such “fear
Modern society has a lot of different problems which affect its place among other specific countries. I believe that a number of accidents because of drunk driving has increased for the recent 50 years. It is impossible to consider the level of importance of the situation as driving drunk people put at risk not only themselves but also those who appear on their way. Unfortunately, there are countries where the consumption of small doses of alcohol is allowed, still it is impossible to predict how even the smallest dose of alcohol may affect a particular person. I strongly believe that drunk driving is the problem which must be solved, however, the solutions to the problem which have already existed could not eliminate the problem. Neither fines no the fear to appear at prison affects human decision to drive a car being drunk. Trying to consider the existing situation where drunk driving is involved, it should be remembered that every 30 minutes a person dies because of the involvement into the alcohol-related car crash incident (Drunk Driving Prevention). Such statistics is terrifying as it does not mean that a person who has been drunk is dead, there are a lot of cases when people who just appeared in a close location to a drunk driver are dead. There are a lot of children who die because of adult irresponsibility. To make the situation clear, I would like to offer several cases with the involvement of drunk driving. On July 12, 2012 a 12-year-old boy was killed and another one was injured as a result of the incident with car driven by a drunk man. Instead of giving help to the injured a man run even faster, however, as a result, he was caught by the police (Elona). Many adults and children appear in the similar situations when drivers even do not want to assist those whose lives they have spoiled. Moreover, many people being charged with drunk driving after release from jail continue their crimes. Thus, 22 years old Daniel Polites guilty in a death of a Belleville child and charged for it 5 years ago again appears before court. He is charged because of the same drunk driving reason (Marks). A number of cases where drunk drives are involved are numerous and a number of deaths because of this reason frustrates even more. About 11,000 were killed in 2009 because of drunk driving. Even though the rate of such cases reduced for the past 5 years by 30%, the situation still remains crucial as each 3 rd case where people die involves drunk driving (Drinking and Driving; Griffin). There are a lot of reasons why drunk driving should be one of the first problems which needs solution. First of all, alcohol negatively affects all human decisions, therefore, when people drink and drive cars, they cannot control their actions affectively, therefore, they become the reasons for car incidents which may cause injuries. Second, drunk driving creates a particular risk for those who are not in the car. Those who drive under the alcohol addiction or those who sit in a car with a drunk driver make their choices intentionally. However, those who appear
Law enforcement organizations have a special role to play in any given society. They are responsible for maintaining law and order in public to ensure all citizens conduct their activities without any unnecessary disturbances. Many law enforcement organizations rely on the discipline of their officers to perform various tasks as mandated by the law. They rely on a chain of command similar to the one used by military agencies to enhance discipline, diligence, and efficiency. Organizational management, administration, and operational aspects of policing are influenced by existing legal policies which outline specific roles to be performed by different departments. This essay discusses these three important aspects of policing and their relevance in law enforcement. Police organizations are normally divided into different units with a clear chain of command. This organizational structure assigns roles and responsibilities to all officers and ensures they have the skills required to perform responsibilities they have been assigned. Some of the units that are found in a police organization include drug dealing, traffic operations, violent crime, disaster management, and highly sensitive tactical operations. All units in a police organization are allocated law enforcement officers who have the skills needed to make them operational. Therefore, one of the crucial roles of organizational management is to ensure that all units are allocated adequate resources they need to execute their functions effectively. Senior police chiefs also collaborate with other members of the organization to set targets and goals that have to be accomplished within specific timelines (Kania, 2008, p. 110). Administrative aspects of policing have undergone systematic changes in the last three decades. Modern police administration focuses on training, skills development, leading and strengthening institutional capabilities. As a result, the administrative function ensures that law enforcement officers are well prepared to deal with different responsibilities assigned to them in their workstations. Administrative functions also involve supervisory and performance review processes which enable police chiefs to assess the capabilities of all officers. Also, administrative aspects of policing allow police chiefs to liaise with other stakeholders to find out specific improvements that need to be made to boost performance ((Kania, 2008, p. 114). Therefore, this makes police organizations well prepared to adapt and perform new tasks to attain good results. More importantly, administrative functions of police organizations require police chiefs to show good leadership to inspire their subordinates to improve their per
Introduction An endeavor is made to evaluate Laboratory Corporation of America (henceforth referred to as Lab Corp.) using financial ratios and other valuation tools. All relevant ratios used in this write-up have been calculated in Step 1. The ratio-based analysis is made in respect of profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and financial structure of the company. In the next step, the company’s stock valuation is analyzed using factors and tools like ROE, EPS, Market/Book ratio, and Price/Equity (P/E) ratio. It was found that the P/E ratio was the best observant of the market value of the stock of the company. Thereafter under step 3, an analysis of the company is undertaken on the basis of factors like nature of services being rendered by the company, industry analysis, product mix, risk factors affecting its business, and the Swot analysis undertaken to find out the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. In the final analysis, it has been observed that the company is healthy, progressive, and worth investing in its stocks. Financial ratio Analysis Financial ratios of Laboratory Corporation of America calculated hereunder are based on financial figures provided in the statements shown in the company’s Annual Report 2007. Further ratios for the previous year 2006 have also been calculated in order to provide an internal comparison so necessary for perfect analysis. Let us start with a profitability analysis of the company. It will be observed in the ratio table above that the company has operating profits margins of 19.1% in 2007 as compared to 17.42% in 2006. This increase has result basically because of an increase in net sales from 3590.8m in 2006 to 4068.2m. Also, the company has shown restrain and efficiency in controlling overheads in order to bring the increased operating results. Return on equity (ROE) is also a profitability ratio that measures returns on the equity investments in the company. ROE has also increased from 21.83% in 2006 to 27.64%. This is a tremendous performance, and the reason for this is that the market price of the common share of the company has jumped from $73.47 as of Dec 31, 2006, to $75.53 per share. Considering the Return on assets (ROA), another profitability ratio, it will be observed that ROA has also shown an increase from 10.79% in 2006 to 10.92% in 2007. Accordingly, profitability calculated from three different angles of Operating margins, Return on equity, and Return on assets has shown a steady increase in 2007 when compared to 2006. Accordingly profitability wise the company has performed very well as compared to performance in 2
One way in which sociology can make a valuable contribution to the understanding of the interrelation between race and health disparities is by coining a working definition of race that emphasizes its relevant aspects. Even today, when the idea of the social construction of race has long gained traction, the concept of race is often affected by the notions of physical anthropology and genetic inheritance. A proper sociological approach to the issue of race as related to health disparities may alleviate it by focusing on the stratifying principles of race, such as socioeconomic disadvantages and discrimination (Hummer, 1996). This approach will allow concentrating on the socioeconomic factors most relevant as social determinants of health and, by doing so, enable a better understanding of causal relations. Another and more specific way in which sociology may help explain the connection between race and health disparities is by focusing on the environmental context of health. For instance, sociology may be of great help when explaining the access to opportunities for a healthier lifestyle and, in particular, diet. Kwate (2008) offers an example of what can be done in this regard in the study of the interrelation between residential segregation and fast food density. His approach involves analyzing the population, economic, physical, and social characteristics of a neighborhood to identify why fast food outlets are built at a proportionally larger scale in segregated black neighborhoods (Kwate, 2008). By doing so, Kwate (2008) shift attention from the simplistic explanations and assumptions that can steer the discussion of the problem in a wrong direction – such as the presumption that blacks like fast foods more. Thus, as in the case above, the sociological approach allows focusing on the actual structural factors behind the interrelation between race and health disparities.
Abstract There are so many things to consider in the attempt to initiate an Internet startup. The rise and fall of high-profile online companies that invested heavily during the dotcom era is a sobering reminder that even the best and the brightest in the field of e-commerce can easily commit grave mistakes that can lead to bankruptcy. It is important to choose the correct business model, study the market forces, be aware of the needs of customers and learn to share the risk of the business venture. It is imperative to study an example of a failure in order to build a successful venture. It is also important to choose the correct business model. Introduction It is important to determine how to establish an Internet start-up in a manner that will help prevent bankruptcy. The first important step is to understand the concept of a business model. The creation of the appropriate business model will help create value for the customer. At the same time, a business model helps the entrepreneur determine the underlying rationale why he is in business. Finally, the creation of an appropriate business model helps establish the financial aspect of the start-up and it can help sustain the business until it is already profitable. Data Collection Before going any further it is important to elaborate on the data collection method used in this study. There was only one mode of data collection that was used and it was the secondary data collection method. The companies that were examined were all UK companies. In connection with the inquiry, the proponent of the study collated information that was gleaned from case studies. For example, a researcher made a case study of online grocery stores. The specific stores that are the object of the study are listed as follows: 1) Tesco; Sainsbury’s; Asda; and Safeway. The results of that case study were used by the proponent of this paper. The secondary data collection method was also applied to collate data with regards to Information Technology. At the same time this particular mode of data collection was used to learn more about pertinent details with regards to Internet start-ups. Since it was not a primary data collection mode, it must be pointed out that there were certain weaknesses with regards to this data collection process. For instance, the proponent of this study was dependent on the integrity of the original report and original ca
As human beings living in the developed world we are privileged to have a number of luxuries and relative safety ill afforded to many countries around the world. As citizens of these societies we pride ourselves on the existence of our moral values and the depths of our humanity. We see ourselves as people who will do the right thing if given the opportunity. So what happens when a catastrophe occurs and we as a people are called to action? What happens when we are asked to deliver on the promises of our moralistic upbringing? There is an ongoing genocide currently occurring the region of Sudan more specifically known as Darfur. Nearly 300,000 lives have been lost and 2,500,000 people have been displaced due to the actions of the Janjaweed (Warner). The conflict began in February of 2003 when the poverty stricken citizens of Darfur rose up against their government. The Janjaweed was formed by the government in response to this movement to quell the civilian uprising. The government has been accused of providing monetary and military support to the group. Recently, the international criminal court after much deliberation found the Sudanese president Omar Al-Bashir guilty of war crimes in Darfur. In response he has shut down more than a dozen aid groups in Darfur effectively ending aid to more than 2 million of its citizens. These expulsions have left these displaced people without proper access to clean water, food and health care. Aside from the fear of shortage of food in the coming months they will also have to contend with malaria, dengue fever and cholera. Rebel leaders have also demanded in certain camps that citizens refuse the help of the relief parties from the Non- Government Organizations (Warner). If humanity is described as the abilities and characteristics of human beings then it would stand to reason that not only is the Sudanese government devoid of humanity. But the United Nations and all participating world powers are also responsible. The United Nations is a governing body that was created not only to regulate world issues, thus endeavoring to prevent calamities such as this. But also as a body which would regulate countries in using their maximum resources. Lack of foreign mandate to intervene in this crisis the United Nations has essentially been left with enough authority to provide a supporting role. In fact recent reports showed that most of the arms that are entering Sudan come from Russian and China (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute). The crisis that is currently happening in Darfur has been a constant for the people living there since 2003. It’s incredible that in the 6 years since the conflict has started no government has actually stepped in to end it or to come to the aid of the Sudanese people. If we consider that the will of governments is dependent on the will of its citizens. Then why have the people of those countries not come forward to protest these atrocities. Not only that, they are silencing the representatives who speak out agains