ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The increase in terrorism, sabotage, disruption and theft has attracted attention of security from the business and industrial sectors. In fact, in the modern history, there is no other time the sectors have been concerned with security issues like the current days. The reason being the increase in crime in most parts of the world especially after the 9/11 incident in the United States. In addition, most multinational organizations have turned their attention to the security issues of their employees who travel to different countries due to the political instability, climatic changes that affect their travel and the threat levels from terrorism perpetrators on foreigners. The security levels and strategies used by the organizations aim at discovering the security holes and the improvement or changes required to limit or prevent the exposure to such issues. To carry a qualitative research of the security issues, an organization require a team of professionals referred to as security consultants. The team observes, inspects, interviews and investigates the current risk and security issues that it further documents with recommendations of the appropriate measures to be taken. The organization has to adhere to the report given by the team and ensure that the employees who travel to the country adhere to the control measures issued by the security consultant team. In addition, the team may issue recommendations for some places as no go zone depending on the level of insecurity at the place. This paper gives a risk assessment by a security consultant of Caspian Construction PLC on the risks associated with their UK staff travelling to and residing in Caracas, Venezuela during a contract period. The paper gives an assessment on travel advice of the current political situation in Venezuela, nature and risk of crime, threat level from terrorism and the general risks to travellers. Assessment Political assessment: Venezuela is federal republic with a president as the head of the government and the chief of state. Since its discovery, the nation has experienced a long period of political instability. This occurred recurrently in both 19 th and 20 th centuries. The cause of this political instability was due to the effects of dictatorial rule that called for revolutionary turbulence. Before 1958, the president who had great influence of the army headed the country leadership. However, after 1958 the country had a transformation of leadership with the military withdrawing itself from direct involvement in national politics. The country t
Women equality is something that has not been fully recognized around the world, and it might never be achieved, especially in terms of household responsibilities. It is a good idea to push for women equality especially in regards to human rights such as the right to own property, right to life and right to be treated with human dignity, along with equal opportunities (Lindsey 267). However, household responsibilities are traditionally and socially defined which have become norms and beliefs in the society; therefore, changing these responsibilities means upsetting the whole society. This paper analyzes why women should not work but stay at home to fulfill their responsibilities. Women were given the responsibility to give birth to children and nurture them to adulthood; however, both the father and the mother should carry out the responsibility of nurturing. It is obvious that women have more responsibilities when compared to men. During the early stages of child development, a child is more dependent on his/her mother than on the father in terms of feeding, cleaning and general wellbeing of the child (Piper 185). Women who have jobs are always away from home, therefore, they are not able to fulfill this responsibility, and children who miss the motherly care especially those who are not well breast-fed, stand high chances of suffering from poor health. In addition, as the children grow up, they need someone who will be there for them emotionally to always guide them; and if all parents leave for work every day children are likely to stray with some drug addicts and gangsters. This responsibility can be taken over by the father in the absence of the mother, but fathers do not do it well, therefore, the mother should remain at home to take care of children as the father works; no one would love to have spoilt children and millions in the banks. Another responsibility is that of cleaning, and doing lots of things about the house. Women and girls have always been homemakers (Piper 203); the way they arrange and clean cannot be compared to that of men. This means that women should remain at home to make and keep it clean; they cannot work and at the same time maintain their home; they either will neglect this responsibility or give poor performance at work. When marries the wife has a responsibility of taking care of her husband; she has to make sure that he wears clean clothes and eats well (Piper 278). Women do not have enough time to do this because of the work responsibilities, and according to research, 70% of women who have well established careers are either divorcees or they never got married (Yozo 14). It happens because they are not capable of fulfilling their responsibility in regards to their husbands and work at the same time. Therefore, to save marriage breakups, and help women enjoy their marriage life, women should remain at home to fulfill their responsibilities in regards to their husbands as their husband works hard to take care of them. Working is a good thing for women, but looking at the wellbeing of homes and the society, it is healthier for them to r
The movie An Inconvenient Truth is a sermon from former U.S. Vice President Al Gore on the causes and consequences of global warming. The central theme to this message is that the present amount of pollution being pumped into the atmosphere is causing undesirable changes to the environment. Unless this disturbing trend is severely curtailed and soon, catastrophic human and economic consequences will result and ultimately, the planet will be uninhabitable for human life. This film is pointed directly at citizens and politicians of the U.S. who, for reasons unknown to Gore and the rest of the civilized world, are either unaware or deny global warming exists except in the mind of liberal environmentalists. To this end, Gore attacks the misconceptions perpetrated by large corporations such as oil and auto companies which believe they will be the losers if limits to CO 2 emissions are legislated in the U.S. According to their propaganda, the planet’s climate is experiencing a normal cycle of change. Television commercials in the U.S. distributed by the oil and gas companies demonstrate how CO 2 is an essential component of the economy and an integral element of the cycle of life itself and therefore should not be regulated. Gore counterargues that new industries that supply solar, nuclear, wind and battery power will replace any jobs lost by the old pollution producing industries and likely produce more. The economy will be enhanced by aggressively pursuing alternate energy sources rather than destroyed. According to Gore, “We have a false belief that we have to choose between a healthy economy and a healthy environment” (Gore, 2006). The message is compelling and designed to inspire the public into playing a more active role on the global warming issue by pressuring politic
This case study describes a 26-year-old woman of Korean descent who was diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Generally, bipolar disorder is a rather severe medical condition that is characterized by unusual shifts in concentration, activity levels, energy, and mood, as well as reduced ability to carry out everyday tasks (Carvalho et al., 2020). Particularly bipolar I disorder is “defined by manic episodes that last at least seven days, or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the person needs immediate hospital care” (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2020, para. 3). Depressive episodes that may last more than two weeks can also be present (Carvalho et al., 2020). This mental disorder is typically treated with medications that may help manage symptoms. For example, treatment plans can include mood stabilizers (such as Lithobid), antipsychotics (namely, Zyprexa), and antidepressants (NIMH, 2020). To prevent triggering a manic episode, antidepressants and mood stabilizers should be combined. There was a twenty-one-day hospitalization for the onset of acute mania. The patient’s physician reported her to be in overall good health, and lab studies were all within normal limits. During her hospitalization, there was genetic testing that revealed the woman being positive for the CYP2D6*10 allele, which negatively affects the metabolism of a number of drugs, namely mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. According to Tirona and Kim (2017), in Asians, CYP2D6∗10 that is characterized by nonsynonymous polymorphism and decreased activity is found in up to 50%. The woman confessed that she stopped taking her lithium that was prescribed in the hospital. The patient denies having auditory or visual hallucinations, and there are no signs of delusional or paranoid thought processes. What is more, the woman denies suicidal or homicidal ideation as well, though her Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score is 22, which is mild mania. The first decision step was
Media is a powerful tool which forms the society, shapes people’s attitudes towards other nations and themselves, influences consumerism by means of advertising, and is even able to change the society. Moreover, media is often used as a persuasive political force for it is able to affect people’s views and beliefs (Park, Curtice, & Thompson, 2007). The roles which the media plays in the development of the American culture, such as dissemination of information, changing the consumers’ tastes, and extending their knowledge about other nations, allowed it to propagate three main trends, namely food, health clubs, and fashion which strongly influence the American’s views on consumerism, work, social responsibility, happiness, human body, justice, law, and order. To begin with, print media has played a significant role not only in the development, but in spreading of the American culture as well. When shaping the American culture, print media performed mostly informative function. This is where newspapers and magazines played the most important role for namely they extended the Americans’ knowledge about their own nation and let them contrast the achievements of their society to those of other people. This comparison has shown that America is developed better than any country of the world, which contributed greatly to forming of the Americans’ pride in their nation. Another role of print media advertising in developing American culture consisted in its changing the consumers’ tastes and uniting Americans in their likes and dislikes. Those were the times of McDonald’s popularity and its becoming “one of the ultimate icons of American culture” (Berger & Huntington, 2002). McDonald’s then entered the markets of almost every country of the world, which resulted in the worldwide spreading of American culture. These days print media continues shaping and reshaping American culture contributing into its development through dissemination of information of all the possible kinds. Furthermore, such an influence of the print media on the development of American culture allows distinguishing three trends which the media propagated within the American society. These trends are food, health clubs, and fashion with each of them having a great influence on the American people. Food is perhaps the most popular trend for quite a few Americans eat at home. This being the reason, the profits of restaurants, especially fast food ones, continue growing. At this, however, the Americans are greatly preoccupied with the quality of food they consume. In light of the weight crisis which the country currently experiences, more and more people start paying attention to the food they consume, as well as to the ways they spend their leisure. This is why health clubs trend is now no less popular than the food one. Health clubs are being visited by peo
Introduction This paper reports about the survey that was conducted about computer ownership. The survey was conducted with the aid of the research questions which included; what type of computer was owned by the respondent and the brand of the primary computer. The main aim of choosing these topics was to find out the preferences of the people when it comes to computer ownership. The survey involved responses from 26 various individuals and upon completion of the survey, each individual had responded to the research question. Therefore, the survey was effective since it received 100% responses. The research questions were clear and focused since they had direct forward answers and also they did not present a complex situation for the respondents. However, if the survey was to be carried out again I would include options for the research questions including the major brands only. Also I would increase the number of the respondents in order to get consistent information. Consequently the scope of this survey was inadequate since it had low number of respondents. I would, as well, add some more research questions in order to make the survey comprehensive. Some of the questions that I would likely to add include; what is the buying price of your primary computer? Is your computer suitable for the work that you are doing? Etc. Research questions and analysis The first research question was about the type of computer that the respondent owned. This question was carefully worded since each computer has its own type. This question was effective since it prompted the respondents to choose from the available options that include; desktop, laptop and tablet. It was also worthy to mention that this question was related to the research question since it helped to establish the type of computer that is widely used. Furthermore the question was specific and narrow which made it easier to obtain the responses. The question was not complex therefore the respondents had an easier time of answering. There was an adequate range of responses since all the types of the computers were included in the survey question. The second question was about the brand of the primary computer. This question was not correctly worded. This is because the respondents were faced with difficulty in answering this question because they might interpret it in various ways. However the question is clearly related to the research questions since it prompted the respondents to establish the brand of their computers. This research question was also general therefore a divergent of responses was obtained from the survey. As a result of this, there was adequate range of possible responses according to the understanding of the respo
Healthy relationships within a family are the fundament for the child’s successful development. However, there are debates on the role of gay families in bringing up children. Sandra Williams, the author of the movie Caught in the Crossfire: Children of Gay and Lesbian Parents (1997), focuses on the discussion of this controversial question because she is a lesbian, and she has a daughter. The impact of the parents’ sexuality on the child’s development is the main concern analyzed in the movie ( Caught in the Crossfire, 1997). The discussion is based on the vision of several children whose parents are gays and lesbians. Children develop successfully and feel happy, if they are desired and loved. Although love, understanding, and support are the main components of the healthy relationships between a child and a parent, the parents’ sexuality can become a real challenge for children because it affects their vision of parents, of themselves, and their interactions within the society. The conversations with children growing in the families with gay parents presented in the movie support the opinion that only few children can react to their parents’ gay orientation positively. The most typical reactions are anger, distress, anxiety, unwillingness to understand and accept the fact, confusion, and the fear of social ignorance. From this point, discovering the aspects of the parents’ sexuality, children are challenged, and their life can become more complicated because of the necessity to overcome inner and social stereotypes and biases. Thus, the children’s visions can differ significantly, and the range of reactions is large, including the absolute disagreement and discussion of gay relations as the “sickest thing” and acceptance of the idea along with sharing the mother or father’s sexuality ( Caught in the Crossfire, 1997). It is stated in the movie that the child’s reaction depends on the bond between a parent and a child. If relations in a family are open and positive, based on the mutual understanding, children do not feel that they are betrayed by the fact of the parent’s discovered sexuality which is abnormal in relation to the social visions. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the opinion of the boy depicted in the movie who states that children should not choose whether to like the situation or not, whether to accept the parent’s sexuality or not ( Caught in the Crossfire, 1997). From this perspective, emphasizing on their sexuality, parents make children choose and take definite positions of acceptance gay relations or not. In spite of the fact those children who are depicted in the movie know about their parents’ sexuality, a lot of them want not to learn that their mother or father is a gay. That is why, parents should understand that their sexuality can affect their children’s emotional and psychological state directly and can create many difficulties associated with the aspects of the social life. Basing on the research, Sandra Williams concludes that her sexuality can hurt her daughter in the future because of the necessity to accept or understand it. It is important to note that children’s reac
Introduction The article is about the injustice meted out on the African Americans in the US before the passing of the Civil Rights law that initiated sweeping civil reforms in the US, guaranteeing equal rights for African American citizens. Written as a letter by Martin Luther King Jr., the text criticises the lack of progress in the elimination of oppressive segregation laws in the American South. The author further criticizes white Christian leaders in the American South, accusing them of not being vocal enough in condemning the evil inherent in segregation laws. The author accuses these leaders of supporting the status quo by refusing to support the cause of the Americans in their attempt to have these laws changed or repealed. The letter is addressed specifically to the Southern Christian and Jewish leaders, who had asked the author to stop his non-violent campaigns in Birmingham, for the sake of overall peace in the city. The author, in response, wrote this letter to explain why his campaigns were necessary, and garner their support for similar future campaigns in an attempt to rid the American South of the repressive segregation laws. Author’s Two Main Concerns The author addresses two overriding issues in his attempt to convince these Southern religious leaders (and other concerned readers) why the segregation laws were unjust, and why inaction would never result in a change. The author states that, segregation laws were unjust because they deprived African Americans a sense of self; moreover, African Americans had an obligation to fight these unjust laws. According to the author, the segregation laws made African Americans acquire a sense of inferiority. The author lists the evils that are visited on African Americans because of these laws. African Americans were routinely lynched by mobs, killed by police, referred to in derogatory terms such as “boy”, and denied entry to various social places due to their race (Par. 15). Such events weighed heavily on the consciences of African Americans, leading them to have a belief that they were inherently inferior to their white counterparts. The second issue that the author addresses is the belief that the fight for change and the repeal of these unjust laws cannot be postponed or delayed. Since the Southern religious leaders had requested the author to exercise patience in his demand for reforms, the author is adamant that his non-violent push for equal rights for African Americans could not wait for an ideal or opportune time to proceed – justice delayed too him was justice denied (Par. 14). Critical Response and Analysis These two concerns by the author are justified. The argument that the segregation laws were inherently unjust, contributed to high poverty rates amongst African Americans, and made African Americans to feel inferior to their white counterparts is plausible. Segregation laws were ratified by most constitutions in Southern States; therefore, such laws, however unjust, acquired
The concept of federalism presupposes the existence of two different layers of authority governing the same people and the same territory. The metaphor ‘marble cake’ is employed to explain such a relationship when there is a close collaboration between the two governments. The metaphor ‘layer-cake,’ in its turn, denotes the presence of misunderstandings between the two types of ruling authorities. An example used to compare and contrast the two metaphors is the system of Medicaid as controlled by the federal government and by the state government. The government of the USA has introduced a program covering the health needs of underserved and vulnerable populations, Medicaid. The State of California has its own Medicaid office that is called Medi-Cal. Although both entities differ in titles and locations of the main offices, they perform the same function, which is controlling the eligibility of California citizens to the program. What is more important, Medicaid and Medi-Cal offer healthcare services for the citizens qualified as viable participants of the program. The eligibility criteria are the same at the governmental and state levels. Both Medicaid and Medi-Cal provide healthcare services for citizens with low income and people with specific diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and breast cancer (“Eligibility,” n.d.; “Medi-Cal,” n.d.). It is necessary to note that Medi-Cal receives equal financing from the state and federal government. Taking into consideration the mutual purposes and financing of the program by both governments, it is viable to conclude that the ‘marble cake’ metaphor is more suitable to describe this program area than ‘layer-cake.’ There are collaboration and coordination of both entities’ responsibilities, and there are no conflicts or tensions. I do not have a different metaphor to explain federalism. ‘Marble cake’ seems the most suitable interpretation of the situation.