ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Since the time the number of women entering the workforce increased significantly, scholars have always attempted to determine the impact of gender issues at the workplace. In particular, the issue of gender differences related to motivation within the setting of an organization has become an important topic for research. Although the number of women entering the workforce has almost reached that of males, it is evident that the degree of motivation, as indicated by the low number of women leaders, is relatively lower than in men. What is the issue? Does a gender disparity occur at the workplace due to women’s low desire and motivation to reach the heights of their preferred working positions? This paper seeks to address these issues using empirical research. Research question The paper will seek to address the following questions;   * Are female employees less motivated than male employees?   * Do women lack the desire and motivation to reach the top of their preferred workplaces?   * Does the organizational system discriminate against females when it comes to employee motivation? Significance of the study Currently, literature on gender disparities related to motivation at the workplace does not seem to have a specific explanation why a majority of women fail to reach the peak of their preferred workplaces. In addition, studies on motivational theory have not yielded enough information to explain the phenomenon. Therefore, this study will take a case study approach to address these questions. The results of the study are expected to increase the volume of knowledge in motivational theory as it applies to gender differences. Therefore, it will be important not only for academic purposes but also for corporations, policymakers and other parties interested in solving the issue. Data collection The study uses a quantitative approach to address the study questions. In particular, it obtains data from selected participants in the chosen organization. Some 20 women and 20 males from 3 different organizations were selected as the study sample. For the purpose of research ethics, the names of the institutions were not disclosed. The 40 close-ended questionnaires were used to examine the perceptions of the participants towards motivation at the workplace. The responses were collected after 2 weeks and examined for clarit
Cases of economic globalization have shown us how people can transform the planetary space into a single zone where various goods, services, information, and capital move without obstacles. Within such an area, ideas can spread freely, creating motivation for the development of modern institutions, as well as establishing their close interaction. While globalization has had many benefits to the world from an economic perspective, Dr. Clausing states that the needs of American workers should be better prioritized (4). She believes difficulties the Americans are facing are genuine, and the economic inequality has only increased with the spread of globalization (Clausing 4). The solution to the problems does not force a departure from globalization but asks for government intervention via proper regulations. There are many purposes for government regulations, as proposed by Dr. Clausing. Current policies on migration and international trade, despite being quick and secure solutions to financial problems, are dangerous, because they may harm ordinary people. The US needs better regulations that will prioritize American citizens while still favoring globalization. There are some costs associated with introducing such laws. Both businesses and society must dismiss some of their interests to reach the point where their interests agree. For instance, the government may decrease business tax cuts, but allow them to take part in conversations on reforming antitrust laws. There are also financial costs because developing ordinances that will not gradually convert into protectionism and excessive control is expensive and will include a lot of risk management. The adverse outcomes of globalization traditionally include increased differentiation between the level of incomes of wealthy and developing countries. The same is right at the microeconomic level because the uneven spread of opportunities and wealth within the US led to the stagnation in the development of the working-class population, and prosperity of a minority. Instead of blaming global economic integration for internal problems, the government should impose thoughtful regulations on the globalization process that would benefit the whole society. Work Cited Clausing, Kimberly. Open: The Progressive Case for Free Trade, Immigration, and Global Capital . Harvard University Press, 2019.
Introduction Walter and Cynthia have lived happily in their marriage for 24 years because they did not experience any significant sexual difficulties. However, Walter began to experience erectile dysfunction whenever he wants to have sex with Cynthia. Walter worked as a financial editor, which consumed much of his time and efforts, and thus Walter and Cynthia thought that erectile dysfunction emanated from fatigue associated with work. After trying all possible means to achieve sexual satisfaction but to no avail, Walter and Cynthia decided to seek medical attention from a psychotherapist, Dr. Rostow. Dr. Rostow obtained background information regarding their social life and found out that Walter has a male erectile disorder, a sexual dysfunction that commonly affects men. According to Beidel, Bulik, and Stanley, persistent inability to maintain an erection, enormous distress due to inability to maintain an erection, and lack of physical condition are some of the factors that characterize male erectile disorder (174). Dr. Rostow knew that male erectile disorder could occur due to a series of psychological factors, hence recommended psychotherapy for Walter. Since psychotherapy seems to be an effective intervention, the case study examines the course of the therapy, theoretical orientation, patient’s response, and outcome of the treatment. Psychotherapy The course of treatment of erectile dysfunction involved a series of psychotherapy sessions that Walter and Cynthia performed weekly.   * In session 1, Dr. Rostow gathered significant background information regarding the sexual lifestyle of Walter and Cynthia.   * In session 2, Dr. Rostow prescribed a process of psychotherapy to Walter and Cynthia.   * During session 3, Dr. Rostow instructed Walter and Cynthia to do “sensate focus,” an exercise that involves touching and caressing.   * In session 4, Dr. Rostow further instructed Walter and Cynthia to advance the exercise to include touching and caressing of genitals, due to the positive response to the therapy.   * During session 5, Walter recovered his erection and demanded to skip the next processes of therapy by performing sexual intercourse. However, Dr. Rostow cautioned him from making premature sexual intercourse because it would increase anxiety if erection dysfunction persists.   * In session 6, Dr. Rostow introduced the second process of psychotherapy, which involved vaginal containment.   * Since Walter and Cynthia experienced frustrations during the vaginal containment exercise as Walter lost erection, Dr. Rostow explained
Abstract West Paw Design is a pet toy organization that is well-known in its local territory. Owned by Spencer Williams for 20 years, the company has a small working team, in which the employees tightly cooperate with each other and with the owner. They share the same values and vision, which gives them an opportunity to achieve success in the pet supplies market. West Paw Design emphasizes that it is an eco-friendly organization that cares about the quality of its products. In addition, Williams does his best to ensure that his staff has a positive working environment. West Paw Design West Paw Design is a pet toy organization that initially appeared in 1996. Back then, it was just a small company in Livingston, Montana. It was bought by Spencer Williams, who had spent the larger part of his life on a ranch. Due to his living conditions, Williams often interacted with various animals, but dogs and cats had a special place in his heart. Being focused on them, he decided to start his own business that could benefit pets with the help of a team that consisted only of five full-time employees and several home-sewers. At that time, his main aim was to produce the safest toys of the highest quality for cats and dogs under the vision that “business success will be friendly to both people and the planet” (West Paw Design, 2016c, para. 5). By 2000, the company had expanded enough to move to another facility and was headquartered in Bozeman. Even though a majority of businesspeople had started cooperating with companies in Asia, Spencer decided to support his local market. He invested in local talent and created a manufacturing facility that is still in operation today. The company strives to maintain the highest level of general development and is eco-friendly, which can be demonstrated by the fact that it utilizes only certified organic catnip, recycled plastic fill, any re-usable boxes. The employees of West Paw Design want not just to provide good products but also to make a difference. The company operates successfully and was even named “One of the Best Small Companies” this year, according to Forbes (West Paw Design, 2016b, para. 6). In addition, it was the first company of its type to become a Certified B Corporation and is the best place to work in the state. More than 70 professionals work in it today. The business processes of West Paw Design are tightly connected with a strategy that emphasizes “growth, strength, and positive numbers in employment” (West Paw Design, 2009a, para. 1). The organization is willing to benefit various populations but believes that its location in Bozeman provides it with the best opportunities to reach its goals. West Paw Design wishes to take care of pets first, and that is why it pays careful attention to those materials that are used to produce toys. Being close to natural resources, the company does not need to spend much time and money to receive high-quality raw materials, which a
Introduction The human society evolved and created numerous marvellous things making people’s lives easier, more comfortable, ad more pleasant. Art, technology, and high living standards are important achievements, but these victories have come at a high cost. Human activity has led to a considerable deterioration of the environment in different parts of the world. People use natural resources with little concern about their descendants, which makes some resources scarce. At that, the consequences of these actions are felt today as many people have to fight for better conditions. These conflicts often lead to new problems. This paper deals with some peculiarities of human society and the ways people should address environmental issues. Why Do Wars Begin? Conflicts have always been a part of human life, and there was hardly a period of time without a war on the planet. Spinoza mentioned five basic reasons for wars that included greed, fear, jealousy, tribal hatreds, and love of power. It is possible to find numerous examples of the wars that began due to these reasons in the twentieth century. The conflicts that originated from the tension between some countries of the Middle East refer to conflicting ideologies, as well as the desire to control valuable resources (Dahlman and Renwick 26). The military operations in the regions illustrate Spinoza’s views regarding the reasons for wars. It may seem that five factors leading to wars cannot be a complete list, but, in fact, it can be reduced to two basic reasons. Greed (resources) and fear are major triggers of any wars and conflicts in world history. The fight for resources that are scarce is the central peculiarity of the relationships between different groups. People want more resources to survive (which can be seen as greed) and attack those who have these resources. The situation in the Middle East shows that oil is the primary focus of conflicting groups although many of them mention ethnic or religious issues. Fear of losing resources (including wealth or power) make rulers or nations attack others. For example, some crusades and even contemporary conflicts were caused by people’s fear of losing power or some tangible things (land, gold, and so on). Recent Turkish attacks in Syria can be seen as an illustration of this fear as the Turkish leader does not want to lose control over certain territories. Unfortunately, wars can hardly cease to exist as greed is closely related to such basic instinct as survival. People would see conflicts as the only possible way to obtain the resources they need, while compromise, respect, or flexibility would not emerge in the near future. These qualities can help people avoid personal conflicts if their life is not seriously threatened. The western world promulgates these features, and many people value them highly, which helps them avoid conflicts even at the expense of their interest. There are chances that when the rate of people sharing such values becomes high enough, and when a sign
Coca-Cola Company (established in 1886) manufactures and sells various types of beverages internationally. Precisely, it is majorly involved in the production of refreshments (nonalcoholic drinks) as well as energy-giving beverages most of whioch are carbonated (Bodden 2009, p. 137). These include flavored waters and carbonated energy drinks. In addition, Coca-Cola also produces ready to drink carbonated waters. Conversely, the ‘still beverages’ produced by the company are not carbonated and hardly contain alcohol. Examples of these nonalcoholic still beverages produced by the Coca-Cola Company include carbonated energy drinks and waters, enhanced waters, sport drinks, juice drinks, and ready to drink coffee (Bodden 2009, p. 160). The company also produces flavored waters and offers flavoring ingredients, beverage ingredients and sweeteners. This company majorly carries out the sale of is manufactured beverages under the following brand names, Fanta, Minute Maid and Diet Coke Sprite. The Coca-Cola Company provides its products through distributors, retailers and wholesalers. Coca-Cola Company is facing numerous problems, which majorly affect its business strategies. One of such problems includes distribution inefficiency experienced in various countries. In this context, the company struggles to distribute its products to emerging markets. However, it has programs meant to establish production and distribution plants in various countries so as to meet the growing market demands (Bodden 2009, p. 287). In most cases, distribution outlets are very few and distributers find it hard to distribute products globally. Due to this problem, most of the company’s products are not found in the rural areas. This distribution problem is majorly
SWOT analysis is a tool used to assist a business in assessing its relation to other competitive businesses. According to Henry (2008), SWOT analysis refers to strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses relate to the internal environment over which a firm has control while opportunities and threats are the external environments that the business has little control. Henry further explains that SWOT analysis is important to businesses. It assists them assess current environments in light to changing environment and competitors and help turn potential threats into opportunities while weaknesses into strengths. This paper, therefore, presents the SWOT analysis, as well as, pricing and distribution strategies of my Polished Diaper Cakes business. Strengths As a starting company, Polished Diaper Cakes has much strength. The first one is that it is open to feedback. Once the customer purchases the products and feels that some adjustments need to be made, the Polished Diaper Cakes welcome their views. It is from these views that the company will be able to deliver quality products to its customers. The second strength is the online marketing done to promote the products. The Polished Diaper Cakes use social media tools such as Facebook, Pinterest, Photos, and Instagram in the marketing of its products; it is a marketing strategy that offers a worldwide market for Polished Diaper Cakes. The last strength is the uniqueness of the products of Polished Diaper Cakes that it offers to the market (Hall, 2003). Weaknesses In as much as Polished Diaper Cakes Company has strengths, it also has its weaknesses. The first weakness is the fact that as the owner, I am the only one who operates the business with no assistance. The amount of work is, therefore, enormous for me leading to slowed services. The second weakness is that since most of the Polished Diaper Products are creatively made, it takes couples of hours for one person to make them (Henry, 2008). Opportunities The Polished Diaper Products has its opportunities too. There are chances and opportunities for this business to grow and become consistent with its marketing strategies. I can, therefore, hire an assistance to help me with the work and ensure more output to meet the needs of the customers (Henry, 2008). Another opportunity is the fact that the Company can have lower prices than its competitors thus attracting more customers. As a starting business, lower prices will ensure that it has a share of the market. Threats One of the threats to Polished Diaper Products is the large number of competitive firms offering the same goods and services. Some of these competitive firms had already established their share of the market and may reduce prices, just like my Po
Introduction Richelson (2002) in the book, ‘The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology’ traces the Science and Technology Directorate from its inception in 1947 to post 9/11 period. The book contains an assessment of every aspect of the directorate activities including its responsibilities and the infighting arising from political wrangles and resource distribution. Richelson places emphasis on the institution and development of the technological spy hardware, especially its advanced reconnaissance technology. The author mentions numerous innovations that have had a significant impact not just in the intelligence community, but also in the scientific community. For instance he has mentioned the U2 spy planes used even by NASA in weather mapping and the lithium batteries used commonly in pacemakers and recognition of breast cancer. The aim of this book review is to evaluate the author’s definitive evaluation of CIA Directorate of Science and Technology, referred to as DS&T and to reveal whether they are carefully researched, dependable, and dispassionate. Discussion Richelson traces the fight to control spy technology and reviews the DS&T’s capacity to keep at bay challenges particularly from the US air force. He seems to be against the US air force ultimate success in gaining control of U-2 spy plane programs and some satellite reconnaissance programs (Richelson 15). Richelson also believes that the National Reconnaissance Office turned out to be a formidable challenge to DS&T work especially in wrestling control of the satellite surveillance programs from the directorate. Richelson also judges the legacy and performance of each Directorate leaders from its inception. He is very critical of some of the programs initiated. For instance, Richelson mentions a number of missteps done by the agency like the administering of LSD to several of its scientists, such as Olson death after being administered with the drug in 1953 without their awareness (Richelson 10). He considered such programs along with the use of cats placed with bugging devices as a diversion from the directorate real work of intelligence innovation. He also sheds light on the directorate leadership, especially on what he considers as failures like Ruth David who served as it leader between 1995 to 1998, and led to the DS&T decline in terms of importance, innovation and status (Richelson 264). Richelson argues that even though the then CIA director John Deutch imposed most of these changes on Ruth David, she without meaningful objections allowed the directorate to lose command over its major responsibilities. Richelson is also very critical of former CIA director George J. Tenet (1997-2004), as he presided over a sequence of intelligence failures. Richelson using commentaries from former insiders asserts that Tenet leadership made the directorate and the CIA in general to become just its own shadow (Richelson 283). Richelson in the end
Identification of the Conflict Scenario, the Problem(s) and Reasons for the Problem(s) The team consists of a team leader and five employees. The team is working on a project for an Engineering Company. The team has been working well but towards the end of the project, efforts towards the work have been declining. Very little work is being done by the team members. Instead of working, the team members have put all their energy in spending time with each other. It is evident that the completion of the project will be impossible considering the time left and the little effort from the team members. The project is only 3 weeks away from its deadline. Attempts to make the team members committed to the work have failed. Options Available to Resolve the Conflict There are several options available to resolve the conflict. One of the options is the use of interpersonal skills to resolve the conflict. The process of interpersonal communication is quite complicated although on the outside it looks very simple. It is a three-step process that requires the integration of these steps; the sender, the message, and the receiver. The steps can be further expanded into; (a) the sender develops the message using thoughts, (b) the sender uses words or data on the message, (c) the message is communicated verbally by the sender, (d) the receiver gets the message by hearing, (e) the receiver analyses the message in order to understand it, (f) the receiver uses the results of the analysis to respond to the sender’s message (Steckman 2005, p79). This is the process of approaching interpersonal conflict and it can be used to resolve the scenario conflict. Another approach that can be used towards solving the conflict is to avoid mind-reading. Mind reading is based on the assumption that an individual understands what the other is thinking, feeling, or perceiving. The person acts as though he or she knows what is on the other person’s mind. The problem with mind reading is that the individuals often misinterpret each other (Wood 2009, p84). This is a common source of conflict within teams. The team member may have been mind-reading and that may explain why they were reluctant to do the project work. Another option available is to define the roles of each team member. The problem may have arisen due to role conflict, that is, there are varied expectations from the team leader and the team members. A major source of this conflict comes from the sender, conflict between the role senders (Hartley 1999, p107). A good example in this scenario is when the team leader fails to define the roles of the team members. The members may end up assuming different roles other than the roles expected by the team leader. The last approach that can be used is listening. E