ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Macroeconomic theories are important in understanding trade between countries and economies. In the case of Australia and the United Arab Emirates, there are different characteristics and features that define the economies of these republics with marked diversity in resources and sources of revenue. There are few published studies giving comparison between countries in the northern hemisphere and those in the southern hemisphere (McTaggart et al 2003, p. 10: Slavin 1996, p. 13). There is also no study done to compare the economies of the countries in the Middle East, which are dependent on oil for revenue, and Australia, which relies on agricultural services and manufacturing sectors. The two countries are a good of example of economies in the south and northern hemisphere that are in the process of re-inventing themselves. Australia is a number of times larger than UAE in size, people, and resources. This revelation makes comparison between the two economies appropriate. This paper therefore compares the two economies based on various economic indicators for the past decade (mainly from 2002 to 2012), and how they handled the economic crisis. United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates consists of seven emirates, which united shortly after their independence from Britain in the year 1971 (Naceur & Labidi n.d., p. 2). The seven-member states consisting of Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Fajairh, Ajman Ras al Khaimah, Umm al Qaiwan, and Sharjah maintain their independence with the leadership consisting of a prime minister and his cabinet. The seven emirs representing the states (Naceur & Labidi n.d., p. 2) choose the cabinet. With the discovery of oil in 1950s, the economy has been transformed from being heavily reliant on fishing and the industry of pearls (Doing Business in the UAE 1991, p.12). After the discovery of oil in the first state of Abu Dhabi and its export in 1962, the fortunes for this tiny nation changed with many immigrants settling there with the intention of making money in the industry. Other states have since followed suit with the confederation growing in trade and tourism. With the amount of money earned from the export of oil, the nations have set up a way of promoting tourism and trade. The building industry has attracted professionals from all over the world. This realisation is a result of the policy on immigrants that is in existence. The construction boom has also been fuelled by the growth in the tourism sector with the states boasting of one of the highest numbers of visitors in a year (Sadik 2012, p.12). The government has invested in a number of projects that are aimed at shifting the balance of trade to their side. Of the seven states, Abu Dhabi is the largest covering approximately 80% of the land in the confederation. As a coincidence, it also holds the largest number of oil reserves in addition to gas reserves (Naceur & Labidi n.d., p. 2). According to global rankings, UAE has the third largest conventional oil reserves in the world. It ranks fifth in natural gas reserves (Naceur & Labidi n.d., p. 2). The Abu Dha
Overview Aggression towards a partner is an issue that significantly affects the healthy relationship building among individuals. It is important to assess the problems that attribute to the profound intimate partner violence and the relative substance abuse. Behanie et al. (2019) establish that the major issue affecting women in marriages entails the physical, emotional, financial, and sexual torture from the spouse. The researchers further argue that in Ethiopia at least thirty percent of households are victims to the health issue. Causes and Risk Factors It is a concern mainly to the pregnant women due to the risk of hurting the unborn and the well-being of the lady. Primarily, domestic brutality is a hurdle that negatively influences the proper growth and development and the establishment of bonds among related people. There is an interdependent relationship between intimate partner violence and substance abuse. Gilchrist et al. (2019) postulate that the connectedness between the variables fosters a major risk to the well-being of the individuals due to the negative impact to the child’s growth and ability to networks with other people. The researchers establish that at least forty percent of the aggressive cases trickle down to substance abuse as the causative agent. In this case, it is vital to address the two factors based on the facilitative status towards affecting the vigor of the community. Drug addiction weakens a person’s ability to reason hence resolving to brutality aiming to achieve the main goal of attaining dominance and fear. Although it is a technique that enhances individuality, it is also a phenomenon that affects the mental, physical, and psychological well-being of the victims. An excellent example is a child exposed to an environment filled with cruelty. Prevention At teenage, the being portrays acts of brutality such as bullying the colleagues. Therefore, it is important to address the interdependence between compulsive behavior and the tendencies to barbarism within a household. The healthy growth of a person is a multidimensional phenomenon that depends on the exposed environment. In this case, it is crucial to establish the main variables that influence the character build-up of an individual. Jones et al. (2018) focused on the interrogation of the dynamic childhood experiences among women in prison. The researchers realized that a significant percentage of the prisoners confessed to adverse childhood encounters due to the prevalence of intimate partner violence. Majority of the respondents depicted that the course of the crimes emerged from the tendencies of confronting the destructive environment exposed to during teenage years. Therefore, it is a framework that led to the poor character development encompassing the resoluteness to engage in cruel acts as a form of justifying dominance and strength. Treatment Consequently, relationship building is a crucial factor among people due to the ability to enhance the social capital and well-being. On the one hand, the dynamic initiatives that render the healthiness of a person involve physical fitn
Measures to Verify Strategic Effectiveness A company’s strategy may be considered effective if it aligns with organizational goals and offers a plan to achieve them using available resources. Since resources are limited, the effectiveness of the strategy is determined by the extent to which managers’ strategic choices lead to the company’s competitive advantage (Rothaermel, 2016). In this regard, Caterpillar Inc. seems to use appropriate measures to verify its strategic effectiveness. The company applies the Operating & Execution Model, according to which it allocates resources to those business areas that bring the company more growth and profits (Caterpillar, 2017). Caterpillar also has strategic goals of winning customers’ loyalty and providing customers with solutions better than those of competitors. To achieve these goals, the company’s strategy includes improving customer service, product quality, and expanded offerings (Caterpillar, 2017). Since Caterpillar’s strategy aligns with its goals, it may be considered effective. Caterpillar’s Organizational Structure Caterpillar Inc.’s organizational structure ensures that the company is able to design and manufacture its products, such as mining equipment and construction machines, and deliver them to customers. The company is led by the Chief Executive Officer of Caterpillar, who is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Board is comprised of 11-14 independent directors; this range allows for diversity and does not prevent from effectively discussing management issues (“Caterpillar Inc. guidelines,” 2018). The Board includes several group presidents who oversee the work of over 20 vice presidents responsible for Caterpillar’s operations in different business areas and geographic locations. In 2015, Caterpillar simplified its organizational structure by reorganizing its dealer and customer support divisions (Caterpillar, 2015). The reorganization resulted in a bottom-up management approach, allowing employees to be involved in the development of strategic initiatives and improving customer service. Caterpillar’s organizational structure can be considered a holacracy, especially after the reorganization. According to Rothaermel (2016), holacracy is the opposite of a traditional top-down
Historically, minority ethnic groups in the United States have faced discrimination, marginalization, and multiple environmental hazards. At the same time, their female representatives were exposed to even greater challenges including health disparities and difficulties in personal, gender, and cultural identity determination. To explore this problem more in-depth, the present paper will summarize the evidence on the issues which Asian/Pacific American, Muslim American, and Native American women encounter living in the country. In her article, Muslim American Women in the United States: What is Considered Muslim Enough? , Seren Karasu states that Muslim women are widely stereotyped because the intragroup diversity of the given minority population is not recognized in the US society. The common stereotype suggests that to be a truly religious Muslim female, a woman must strictly follow the institutionalized Islamic standards commanding the way she should behave, dress, and socialize (Karasu 2). Thus, a Muslim woman who does not wear a Hijab can be discriminated against by both in-group and out-group members as she is not perceived as a representative Muslim. At the same time, the fact that the quality of a person’s faith is defined by the extent to which she adheres to rules raises major concerns because it creates barriers to the development and expression of both religious and gender identity. Karasu suggests that the acknowledgment of intragroup diversity among Muslim women can help solve this problem. Cultural and historical-political factors to which minority women and immigrants were and continue to be exposed in the United States (as well as their homelands before immigration) contribute to the creation of health disparities within the population. For example, in the article Asian/Pacific American Women and Cultural Diversity: Studies of the Traumas of Cancer and War , Ito et al. explore the links between immigrant women’s health beliefs, overall culturally-defined mentality, and pre-immigration experiences, and the prevalence of the intragroup health problems. The authors note that the Asian/Pacific American female population is highly diverse. Thus, different subgroups are associated with distinct health disparities. Moreover, they respond to diseases and perceive illnesses differently as well. For example, Ito et al. note that Southeast Asian immigrant women frequently experienced sexual abuse during the war and life in refugee camps (317). The problem is that females raised in Southeast Asian cultures typically tend to blame themselves for being exposed to sexual abuse and rarely disclose adverse incidents. As a result, they frequently suffer from psychological distress and mental disor
Background and History Sturm, Ruger & Company is a firearm manufacturing company founded under the partnership of William B. Ruger and Alexander McCormick Sturm in 1949. Its initial establishments were Southport, Connecticut in which the pair rented a small machine shop. Bill Ruger was lucky to have previous knowledge on firearms after he duplicated some pistons from the original that was taken from Nambu as the second world war was about to end. Ruger was excited by his first encounter with the Nambu pistols and he went ahead to design the first automatic pistol. He later decided to come up with a firearm that incorporated the features of the German 9mm Ruger and the American Colt Woodsman. This investment was very successful and they managed to commercially produce and sell 22-caliber pistol toward the launch of the company. Since then, the company has taken the larger market share in United States’ riffle market especially on Ruger 10/22 semiautomatic rifle. It is popular among the users because it is cheap but of quality whereas after-market accessories are readily available. The company enjoys market dominance to target shooters among other users. This has led to opening of new Ruger Casting plants in Newport, New Hampshire, and Arizona among others. The plants deal with ferrous, ductile iron, and commercial castings. Sturm, Ruger became a public company in 1969 and in 1990, it joined the New York Stock Exchange. William B. Ruger was involved much in the management of the company from 1951 when Alex Sturn died until 2002 when he met his demise. The company has manufactured over 20 million firearms of different models to various users. Organization of Management The company had a partnership form of business in
Timothy Harper in his article “They Treat Girls Differently, Don’t They?” started a controversial discussion of the position of girls in the modern educational system. It is stated by Harper that boys receive more attention in the learning environments than girls although this attention can be both positive and negative. Much attention means more opportunities for feeling comfortable and for being heard. In spite of the fact that educators are inclined to claim that there is no discrimination in the educational settings, the observed differences in treating girls and boys are the indicators of a certain educational and social problem. Girls need more attention in the classroom because the gender gap in the learning environments is still significant and leads to prejudice and because it is necessary to support the girls’ confidence and ability to present opinions though the principles of the equal opportunities are actively promoted in the educational institutions. Although educators work to overcome the gender gap in the learning environments, it is still significant, and it can lead to such problems as the progress of biases and discrimination in the sphere of education. The lack of the attention to female students’ needs and the ignorance of the ideals of gender equality are observed even in the teachers’ choices for students’ reading. For instance, Sandholtz and Sandholtz note that “The imbalance between male and female characters in children’s literature and school readings creates a situation where boys rarely may be required to cross gender reading boundaries” (Sandholtz and Sandholtz 123). From this perspective, educators can indirectly influence the girls’ position not only in the classroom environment but also in the society because of providing the certain type of the reading materials for boys. Furthermore, the lack of the attention to girls leads not only to intensifying the gender gap but also to creating new stereotypes. Following Neuburger and the group of researchers, it is possible to note that the gender effect is observed even in the mental rotation, and it is “affected by stereotype threat (in girls) and stereotype lift (in boys) from the very beginning of its occurrence” (Neuburger et al. 66). Teachers are inclined to discuss the question of mental rotation often without focusing on stereotypes associated with girls. If girls are paid more attention, stereotypes and biases can be avoided to provide girls with the opportunity to feel more comfortable during their daily school activities. Girls need more attention in the classroom because they need the additional support to develop confidence an
The Latin American culture has been forming in the course of several centuries. It was revealed through preservation of cultural traditions and vigorous fighting against natural and cultural suppression by different invasions and stiff political regiment. Today’s Latin America is now reaping the fruits of the previous events, beginning the Spanish conquistadors’ intrusion to twentieth century’s literature that exploded after political and economic “boom” in 60s. Despite a considerable span of time, the novels and books are still closely connected with describing eternal discrepancies between cultural stereotypes that has been carefully forged and political regimes established in that. Looking through the short stories, one tendency can be noticed: most of them are dedicated to cultural biases being so firmly established that they hampered the formation of stable political power deprived of tolerance and democracy (Echevarria, 3). Regarding the above-mentioned, successfully formed national culture hampered the establishment of enduring and stable systems of government due to inequality of human rights. The gaps in political government are primarily predetermined by the long history of forging the national culture. This can be explicitly viewed in Fray Bartolome de la Casas’s short story called The Plague of Ants. The narration reveals the invasion of Spanish conquistadors that decimated the Indians for conquering the Island (de la Casas 39). In this story, the write renders the ideas that only firmed cultural norms and faith triggered Spaniard to stop. More importantly, he proves that neither government nor human power is able to stop the destruction. While supplementing the religious notes to this narration, Bartolome de la Casas makes an attempt at disclosing the role of faith the main underpinning of social relations where politics and government are the least significant: No Christian can doubt that, although God by his secret judgments might have permitted afflicting these peoples in this way and with such inhumanity, and in short, putting an end to them…those who were ministers of such harshness and caused the loss of so many souls, will be severely punished by divine justice (de la Casas 40). As depicted in the narration, the revival of the Catholic faith has been the necessity to reconcile people’s blind desire to possess power. Over the century, the faith and in religions play a significant role in improving social standards. It was the most efficient means for controlling the political power and establishing political justice (Hewitt 240). The same is presented in Leopoldo Lugones’s short story Yzur. The story can considered allegoric because training the monkey with severe metho
In “The Need for Creeds”, Jaroslav Pelikan expresses his ideas as to why creeds are so vital for the Christian religion. He made the listeners realize that creeds are an integral part of the Christian religion that help to sustain, expand, and develop it and, what is more important, preserve it and make it stronger. As understood from the podcast, creeds are the statements of belief that distinguish Christian religion from other religions, that have certain political and military power, and that makes religion accessible to people who might not know the language of the religion. To begin with, creeds are needed to make the Christian religion distinct from other religions. As stated by Pelikan, “It is one of the differences between Christianity and other major world religions that Christianity has spawned many creeds … thousands of pages of creeds” (The Need for Creeds). Thus, for instance, the Jewish or the Muslims do not have any creeds. This does not mean that their religions are unable to expand just like Christianity does for the expansion takes place not owing to the creeds. The need for creeds in Christianity emerged as a need for religious faith; the creeds make this faith more powerful and make it possible for the believers to address their creeds to somebody. Thus, the presence of creeds is what makes the Christian religion different from the others. In addition, creeds are needed for the Christian authorities to be able to expand their political influence. As mentioned by Pelikan, it was named the creed that made Constantine able to win so many conquests that once used to take place in the Roman Empire. During her travels to Jerusalem, Constantine’s mother found the nails from the true cross in Jesus’ sepulcher which the Emperor then “melted down into a bit for his warhorse. “Onward Christian soldiers, marching as to war!” And as he marched and conquered, the creed came right with it” (The Need for Creeds). In this way, creeds add powers to political leaders and make it possible to exercise authority more efficiently. And finally, creeds are needed to access those who do not speak the language of the Christian religion. The universal power of creeds lies in their ability to be distributed evenly through music. Thus, for instance, Bach’s Credo in Unum Deum is what Pelikan recognized as “a set o
Introduction Do you know that today, children aged 10-16 spend a daily average of 12.6 minutes outdoors and remain motionless for more than ten hours a day? The youth today are overwhelmingly adopting a sedentary lifestyle and exposing themselves to its dangers. For this reason, I am here to seek your feedback on the possibility of building an outdoor recreational hub for the youth. Indeed, undertaking a project like this takes a lot of effort – in terms of time, money, and labor intensity. However, I am convinced that building a recreational hub for our youth presents inarguable benefits that far outweigh all the difficulties of planning. It promotes health and wellness in our community and has a positive impact on the economy and tourism in Monopolysville. Surely, some might say that a recreational park might be dangerous – this point I will also address. The tentative plan for the hub entails areas for ball and wheel activities like basketball courts, soccer pitches, skateboard, bike path, scooters, rollerblades, and BMX bikes. Supporting Point One First and foremost, being able to attend a recreational hub offers health and wellness benefits to our community. We all know that the modern age has its own set of public health challenges. As our lives grow more comfortable, we overwhelmingly adopt a se