ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Background The population of interest involved healthcare professionals that deliver services women of child bearing age. Obstetricians, social workers, associate health practitioners, community nurses, physicians, and pediatricians were the study participants. The article targeted to alter and improve the practice of healthcare providers caring for pregnant women (Payne et al., 2011). It was discovered that only 25% of the health professionals delivered health messages to pregnant women about the effects of alcohol on the fetus. Method The authors systematically reviewed literature besides conducting interviews for selected participants. They used a large sample size to ensure validity and authenticity of the study. Focused groups (53 healthcare providers and 57 women) were selected and engaged in an extensive interview concerning the topic (Payne et al., 2011). The resources were sent to professionals via mails. Effective indicators The study used the previous survey to compare the results and maintain reliability. Educational materials registered a 31% increase in the number of healthcare workers who delivered health messages to pregnant mothers (Payne et al., 2011). The success of the study was determined by the number of settings that adopted the project. The study utilized qualitative and quantitative designs to assess efficacy. Adoption indicators The projected was adopted in the Western Australian Department of Health. It was integrated in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services which demonstrated transition. The Australian Medical Association implemented the study and adapted it into practice settings (Payne et al., 2011). The involvement of participants from diverse organizations ensured the distribution of resources across many individuals in various locations. Implementation indicators and Maintenance indicators The response rate indicated that most health professionals reviewed the resources and utilized them in the care of pregnant mothers. A theoretical framework was also established that outlined the implementation of the project. The organizational settings embraced the health resources and introduced them to routine based programs. The organizations posted the health sources on the websites to ease accessibility—besides, the research institutions committed to updating resources in light of reviews and revisions (Payne et al., 2011). The healthcare professionals and women of childbearing age expressed their acknowledgment effectiveness of the new practices. Results The project covered 96.3% of the population of interest. It revealed significant potential in reducing prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder if extensively adopted (Payne et al., 2011). An integrated supply of health resources would enhance the application of evidence-based practice.
From the prehistoric era, civilizations across the world have always been on the lookout for channels to make their lives and those of their offspring more appealing and comfortable. In the absence of any substantial information about how to achieve these ends, individuals have often relied on mythologies, religious indoctrination, and cultural dogmas to justify the forces that affect their lives (Bernard, 2000). However, modern science, which lays heavy emphasis on using research-based approaches to solve problems, has been continually used to demystify some of the above forces. The fact that research must be used to get the right kind of information about issues of interest is undeniable. This paper purposes to undertake a critical analysis of Connie Gersick’s study on group development to explain some of the salient features and characteristics of the research process. Many researches undertaken over time have comprehensively relied on either one or a combination of the two most used research techniques – quantitative and qualitative. The two techniques have been used to direct the research process in surveys, focus groups, case studies, personal interviews, direct observation, and field trials (Bernard, 2000). According to Jacobsen (n.d.), quantitative research methodology is mostly used in a controlled, contrived environment to measure and evaluate some key phenomena or occurrences with the explicit objective of predicting or controlling the result and generalizing them on the whole population. It concerns itself with hypothesis testing. On the other hand, the qualitative research technique is mostly used in a natural setting to understand and offer valid predictions about phenomena under study through evaluating their descriptive relationships, resemblances, and dissimilarities (Jacobsen). In the research process, the fundamental objective of both quantitative and qualitative research designs is to offer reliable and valid results (Jacobsen, n.d.). In quantitative research, study findings must have the ability to be replicated and generalized across the population. Consistent data must, therefore, be used in any research process. To achieve validity in qualitative research, the data used must truly and wholly represent the phenomena or constructs under investigation. Another relationship between the two techniques can be drawn from the ‘whole’ and ‘parts’ premise. This premise connotes the idea that solutions to a certain phenomenon under study can be aptly achieved through evaluating the behavior of its components. According to Jacobsen (n.d.), quantitative research designs seek for associations, relationships, and causality of a certain phenomena by identifying and segregating separate variables. On the other hand, qualitative research designs center on a holistic picture of the phenomena under study mainly thorough case studies, documents, direct observations, and interviews. In data collection, quantitative research design lays emphasis on numerical data while qualitative technique emphasizes observation and interpretation. According to T
Introduction The current study of violence caused by abuse of drugs is based on Goldstein’s theories. According to Goldstein, drug abusers end up indulging in crimes because of the pharmacological outcomes of drugs, as a result of behavior brought about economically, or as a result of drug disbursement. From research carried, it is evident that crime victims and vicious offenders portray the same characteristics. Victims of violence who use drugs are easier to identify because of their unique behaviors, complicated communication signs, and their usual ways of carrying a lump sum of money. Thus, drug abusers are potential victims of violent offenses because of psychopharmacological, systematic or economic obsession (Conaboy, 87). Psychopharmacological theory of violence Psychopharmacological theory of violence is all about a drug abuser ingesting psychoactive material that influences him into involvement in violent acts. For example, it has been found out that the drug psychotic behavior of a drug abuser may result in a susceptible, unrestricted condition that causes brutal behavior. Psychopharmacological brutality encompasses the consumption of drugs by the performer, the involved, or both. The probability of a drug leading to uncontrolled behavior is dependent on its psychoactive elements. Among the drugs that lead to violent behavior, heroin contributes the least effects. Among the drugs that lead to violent behavior, heroin contributes the least effects. Benzedrine, memantine and cocaine can also be associated with brutal uncontrolled behavior. However, from research carried on violent causers and victims of violence, alcohol is the leading substance of abuse that leads to hostile behaviors. Actually, victims involved in vicious crimes are more likely to be intoxicated as compared to the victims involved in non-vicious acts. Economic compelling theory of violence According to the economic compelling theory of violence, drug abusers indulge in criminal activities that provide them with huge sums of money to enable them to proceed with drug-oriented habits. According to Goldstein, costly drugs like amphetamines prove the economic compelling theory true because they portray aggressive methods of use. Research carried shows that economically compelling drug abusers are not involved distinctively in violent acts; however, their demand for an extra amount of money for enjoyment may lead to them being involved in brutal activities such as robbery. It is also evident that economic compelling brutality is influenced by the background of the area an individual resides (Levesque, 91). For instance, diverse environmental and economic situations have high chances of influencing drug users depending on their topographic positions. Due to lack of enough money, drug abusers from rural areas may involve thems
Introduction An acquisition is a common phrase which has gained prominence in the contemporary world. It is a corporate system in which a corporation buys the target company’s rights or stakes in view of assuming direct control of the target company. Acquisitions are connected to a firm growth policy where a firm view it has a growth strategy and a convenient method of acquiring a functioning business entity operations instead of embracing its own growth. Acquisitions can be termed as either aggressive or friendly. An aggressive acquisition happens based on the target corporation decision to be acquired by the target business (Badrtalei & Bates, 2007). Conversely, in a friendly merger, the recipient organization expresses its desire to be acquired. Many authors have discussed reasons which contribute to acquisitions. Hence, this paper seeks to explore reasons behind acquisition failures. Why do acquisitions fail? Corporate culture of the acquired organization helps to strengthen the recognition of the new acquisition. However, Hall and Norburn (1987) views that even if the acquisitions seem to have the best strategies in place, for a successful acquisition, cultural differences often contribute to the failure of the acquisition. Levinson indicates that poor corporate culture often contributes to poor communication and inability to manage cultural differences within the corporation (1970). Cultural differences which cannot be resolved directly affect communications, productivity, decision making and employee turnover at all levels of the corporation. According to Levinson (1970) many acquisition which take place encompass controlling behavior in managing the new acquisition. The top managers’ attitudes and actions are assimilated by employees, who embrace them in the form of practice (Morley, 2009). Hence, the controlling behavior becomes an issue. According to Badrtalei and Bates (2007) the controlling behavior makes a commanding organization have equivalent procedures and processes in all aspects of its roles, management and operations, whereas the junior organization must complete the system ego. Besides, as the controlling company imposes control systems from its fixed bureaucracy, stifling the junior the sheer quality it sought to achieve; thereby becoming obsolete. Similarly, some acquisition, from the onset, impose controls and institute arbitrary changes in sustaining their own ways of doing business, hence, “control” and “controller” fix the problem (Dash, 2010). The desire for acquisition is drawn from the feeling that unless the organization expands and develops, larger companies will destroy it (Tomberlin & Bird, 2012). Hence, destruction is to be guarded only by being more powerful, and the easiest route is to acquire others. The process sets in motion process of accretion. The process of acquiring by accretion causes an organization to lose flexibility and adds extra load on the organization’s internal systems which include more managerial problems (Hall and Norburn 1987). Crouch and Wirth notes that when an organization gets old, it forms bureaucracies and becomes fixed in the manner it represents objectives, d
Introduction Art depicts people’s identity in all its dimensions. In this essay, through explaining notions of identity in relation to art, it will become clear enough that art depicts the fullness of individuals’ identity. When it comes to identity, two distinct categories emerge i.e. personal identity and collective identity. Considering how art is used and what it signifies, art is the most powerful depiction of both personal and collective identity. To illustrate the foregoing assertions, this essay will fast consider personal fashion choices and what fashion says about individuals. Secondly, the essay will look into psychological usage of art to illustrate its connection to personality. Finally, the paper will consider what general art signifies and in what way it captures the collective identity of people i.e. cultural values. Art and Identity Art choice speaks volumes about an individual’s Identity. Art choice is largely dependent on an individual’s way of thinking, feelings, and concerns. Individuality or personal identity is defined by how an individual thinks feels and all that is of concern to such a person. Artists create what is representative of objects in their life. What an artist produces is necessarily representative of something in his or her world view. Therefore, in an artist’s workmanship, one can learn a lot about the artist as an individual and the society he or she hails from. Individuals choose or take art works or art forms that speak to them. If one buys an artwork for someone else, the intention normally is that the art speaks a given specific message to the receiver. It is for this reason that art plays a great role in preserving historical perspectives. Whatever is communicated in a piece of art is representative of the general world view or aspirations of a people. Fashion Choice and Identity To illustrate how art choice speaks volumes about an individual, an analysis of fashion choice is very handy. Fashion choice is a reflection of an individual’s identity. People cannot go through a day without experiencing art. The cars people drive, the clothes they wear and even the utensils people use are artistic items designed by artists. Even people’s homes are designed in an artistic way. To appreciate the extent to which fashion distinguishes people, one need just to look at clothing tastes. Some people have a favorite color and whenever they buy anything, the go for something with that color. Every person has his/her own style of fashion which represents them. Individuals identify with different fashion or artistic design, which means that the arts are representative of their personality or disposition. Some individuals are more into tangible art products. For others, it’s abstract art or art pieces that do represent anything or have no subject that excite them. Majority of the people in the world identify with tangible or realistic art i.e. art that represents a certain subject. People’s choice of style or art object defines what they stand for or how they reason about given issues. Therefore, to know the kind of art one likes is to know the individual, to some extent, because art is representative of thei
The concept of the Trinity of God’s person is developed by Cornelius Plantinga as an attempt to revive this religious idea. The Trinity as an image is at the heart of the Christian concept, but it gradually fell out of use throughout the 19th century. The concept of the Trinity is revealed by the theologian using the example of the structural analysis of the Gospel of John. This is a famous New Testament text describing Christ in the metaphysical categories of eternal values ​​”Word-Wisdom-Reason.” Plantinga analyzes the compositional elements of the text and discovers a certain dynamic in Gospel. According to Plantinga, John’s Gospel provides the reader with crude material that, through patterns of reflection and internal pressure, successfully captures the presence of God in life. Fred Sanders, theologian, and editor of various companions in Christian Theology, set out to develop Plantinga’s description and deduce a conceptual framework from these metaphors. “Raw material” for Sanders is nothing more than the naked presence of spiritual entities in the text of John. If Gospel were limited to this, claims Sanders, the entire Christian concept would be reduced to the existence of separate divine personalities, similar to ancient mythologies. However, “patterns of reflection” turn a mythological text into a religious-philosophical one since John asks epistemic and logical questions about the relationship of three essences. Through reflection, the metaphysical equality of Christ to two other entities is established. But this also happens due to pressure, which, according to Sanders, implies a feat not only of faith but also of philosophical perception. To be able to think of God as simultaneously containing the world and at the same time showing a clearly expressed personality. Despite an appeal to a senior religious scholar, Fred Sanders is convinced that religious studies in relation to the doctrine of the Trinity are in deep crisis. He refuses to list any noteworthy names of his contemporaries in his monographs. The theologian claims that the Trinity has become something in the spirit of presupposition, that is, a concept from which mea
Human resources are an important part of any company, and the implementation of the most relevant and appropriate practices is fundamental in any organization’s ability to hire, motivate and retain the highly-skilled staff. It is mostly the people who make the company what it is, and it is the employee’s abilities and performance that allow the company to tackle increased market competition and be successful. Having worked in the company for six months, I have identified that some of the HR areas need to be reviewed with a view of enhancing performance and eliminating non-efficient practices. Firstly, the company has been focused on retaining the employees by luring them with financial bonuses and incentives for the projects completed ahead of time. This resulted in many of the employees rushing the assignments so that they could get the desired bonus. According to Terry Corbell (n.d.), a business consultant with extensive experience in guiding an array of companies regarding enhancing their HR practices, “Higher pay and benefits are important to workers. But they’re not the greatest motivators, and employees often have more salient non-financial concerns” (para. 5). Admittedly, financial incentives are instrumental in motivating the employees to work better, although the system in which they are presented needs to be reconsidered. The major flaw is that the bonuses are offered to employees on an individual, and not on a team basis. This results in unnecessary competition between the employees of the company, and more worryingly, the competition is not based on the employee’s wish to come up with an inventive idea for a project, the competition boils down to who will complete the job first in order to be eligible for a financial reward. Based on the above, it may be assumed that the individual incentive practice has a negative impact on the overall team performance by limiting communication and teamwork. Rather than share their ideas with other team members, employees choose to isolate themselves from others and keep their ideas to themselves. Bearing the above shortcomings in mind, the current incentive system needs to be shifted from the individual to a team-based appraisal. When an employee comes up with an idea and shares it with others, the team may, based on their experience, enhance and add to this idea, turning it into a fully-fledged business breakthrough. On that note, it is important to provide the team not only with financial incentives but also with recognition and moral rewards when they achieve something. Recognition is fundamental in HR, and workers are like children, they are better motivated when their efforts are recognized (Silberman, 2013). Recognition of the employees’ efforts and making them feel they are making a valuable contribution to the project may result in a continued performance improvement and better motivation. Shifting incentive focus towards the team will also encou
Written by Michiko Kakutani and published in March 2002, the article Critic’s Notebook: Debate? Dissent? Discussion? Oh, Don’t go There is an account of the participation of dwindled students in debates. Whether aesthetic or any other form of debate, their peculiar inclusions as part of the dining glamour no longer seems to get ardent consideration in the modern days, as it used to be in the past. To present his claims successfully, Kakutani borrows Neil Howe and William Strauss’ observation in the book Millennials Rising, that less rebellion, self-centeredness and the deployment of more practical approach to issues amongst others characterize people born in the 1980s and later years. He gives incredible concerns to values, as a way of supporting the proposition that points the modern generation as more action-oriented rather than linguistic. A change of the characteristics of students has the capacity to transform the former noisy classrooms into grave silent ones, as observed in the modern days. As a repercussion, flourishing of debates cannot be conspicuous in such an environment. Previous debates encompassed the unveiling and deployment of self-internal knowledge of which the modern generation largely remains silent to the level of reducing its plan of exposing it. Consequently, the modern debates seem less noisy and involving. In addition, submissiveness and compliant with rules and regulations emanating from the authorities: be it parental, administrative or professional, make debates more resilient since they provide no room for counter arguments to the dictation of commands. The article articulates the inability of the modern day events that acquire international concerns, as a subtle contributor of the reticence students’ participation in debates. For instance, he points out events such as Afghanistan war or perhaps the September 11 US attacks that hardly give the same dissent that characterized issues surrounding other events that occurred in the years preceding 1980s such as the Vietnam War. Among the modern students, the meaning and public appeals of debates have negatively transformed to the extent of reducing them to a form of nonintellectual bullying opposed to the anticipations of debates: creating conducive environment for democracy deliberations. These perhaps are the reasons as to why majority of the current students refer events that seem likely to prompt the emergence of debates to as ‘abstract’ and thus not much concerned about them. The author reports on how the philosophical approaches coupled with the incorporation of theories in the modern education critically play a pivotal role in reducing the involvements in debates among the modern students community: something that ends up penetrating in the entire societal cultures. The principle of subjectivity encounters fragmentation with a consequence of deterred intent to seek out far reaching truths dominant in contestation-oriented cultures. Political identity interrogatives and co