ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Stewardship is a biblical principle, which means taking care of what has been entrusted to. A steward can be a manager of the household property or an overseer. In other terms, a steward is a ‘House Keeper”. A faithful steward functions according to the wishes and instructions or for the profit of the owner rather than immediate personal benefits. Christian stewardship is the execution of God’s desires within the House of the Lord; for the Church. The Bible explicitly stresses the requirements and rewards of faithful stewardship in Luke 12:42 and coveys that the Lord is looking for the faithful and wise steward, to rule over his household. The above portion illustrates faithfulness and wiseness in doing stewardship. So when it is observed in terms of types of stewardship the above two types of criteria can be understood clearly. Stewardship in finances In Malachi 3:10, Lord commands the people to “Bring all the tithes into the storehouse” to make the food available to the poor in the local society to be fed by through the local church. The believers are to show the stewards through the responsibility of the poor and needy assigned to them in their land. And if the believer is not obeying this command; the Bible is pointing the activity as ‘robbing from God’ in Malachi 3:8 concerning tithes and offerings. Also has another side of edge with reference to Mathew 23:23 stressing on the ‘weightier matters of the Law’. The Lord Jesus Christ commands the people to take concern of the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith along with tithes and offerings in mint, anise, and cumin. God also placed man on the earth ad all that it contains as seen in Genesis 1:26 and Psalm 8:6-8 and expects a good managerial execution on earth ground, animal and sea life, and the environment. Bible not only commands the stewardship but also gives guidelines to follow: The steward should never forget that God is the Owner of everything and the steward should work to establish God’s will and God’s kingdom on earth. A faithful practice can be observed through accountability to God. Accountability is asked in Luke 12:35 not just for money, but also for other resources, abilities, talents (1 Peter 4:10), Our bodies (1 Corinthians 6:19), the given gospel (1 Corinthians 4:1), and other blessings. Because the word of God says, in 1 Corinthians 3:13 that “Every man’s work shall be made manifest”. Along with maintenance, the increment is also expected from the steward by the Lord. God is looking for the wise investment of what he has entrusted to the believer as it is evident in Matthew 25: 22-29, the passage of talents to the servants. Such profitability in investment needs wise ness and diligence. Such wise steward in Luke 12:42 and diligent steward as in Luke 12:36,37 are sure to receive the reward. The steward loves the creation along with the creator, as it is being created by the Lord (Colossians 1:16, 20). A true steward believes the Lord’s ability for his provisions (Matt. 6:19-34) and without being anxious for his supply, serves the M
Introduction As described by Harless (2004), human behavior is often thought of as erratic, unpredictable and as a result prone to sudden inexplicable changes that at times defy conventional thought (Harless, 143-147). Despite such behavioral nuances people still continue to conform to societal rules and conventions in what can be described as “norms of behavior” dictated by an individual’s inherent ethical and moral standards which ascribe to a behavioral standpoint of harmonious interaction with other members of a community. As noted by Leach and Oakland (2010), these ethical and moral standards dictate how individual members of society perceive what can be considered adverse or positive aspects of certain behaviors and methods of decision making and as such are utilized as a means of determining how they should proceed with a particular action (Leach and Oakland, 197 – 201). The culmination of such methods of decision making are what are known as ethical theories which help individuals come to terms with all aspects of a problem and how best to proceed with what can be considered an ethical compromise to resolving them. It is based on this that this paper will explore the concepts of “The Golden Rule” and virtue ethics in order to resolve the ethical case study that was given for consideration. Ethical Issue The ethical issue in this particular case is whether or not Alice should report the apparent mistake in Mark’s nutritional report to the company or whether she should tell Mark that she looked through the report despite it being marked confidential and explain to him the mistake she saw. As noted by Jing-Ping (2011) ethical decisions are often made based on either conformity to a generally preconceived societal notion (i.e. crimes are bad hence the fact you should report a crime in progress) or based on inherent ethical or moral code (i.e. treat people as you want to be treated) (Jing-Ping, 21 – 31). In this particular case it can be seen that Alice has to decide whether to report the case or admit to Mark that she looked through the files, in either instance such as decision will definitely impact her friendship with Mark in some way. Case Study Facts The following is a brief outline of the various facts in the case presented which should shed some light in what ethical course action should be followed. First and foremost it must be noted that Mark and Alice have been best friends for quite some time and they even graduated from the same university. This establishes the fact that they have a close personal relationship which should be taken into account when Alice will make a decision regarding whether to inform the company or not. It was also noted that in the case study Mark has a family to take care of and was barely making enough to support them as is, a fact well known by Alice. Furthermore, the scenario in the case example clearly states that Mark is a good worker and has actually performed exceptionally well during his 3 years at the company. If Mark were to be fired from his job due to the error in the report not only would
What is Downsizing? Downsizing has to do with the reduction of the workforce so as to cut down the total operational costs of a company. According to Karake-Shalhoub and Karake (1999), downsizing is the act of reducing an organization’s total size of human labor with the intention of maintaining a smaller number of employees and streamlining the organization. Downsizing may be done either voluntarily or involuntarily (Karake-Shalhoub & Karake, 1999). To survive in a very competitive business environment and to respond to consumer demands in the market, firms have had no choice but to change their approach to doing business. Companies are no longer as rigid as they used to be and are more willing to try out different strategies. Richbell notes that many organizations are now using a flexible way when it comes to sourcing for labor and hence the use of downsizing and outsourcing as options (Richbell, 2001). The advancements that have rocked the technological sector are seen to be the greatest influence behind the idea and have to a great extent contributed to the popularity of downsizing. With sophisticated machines becoming available almost everywhere, companies are now able and are constantly looking for ways to completely replace employees by machines. Tasks that earlier had to be done by human beings are now left for machines. Genesis of Downsizing In a study done by Allan, he associates the birth of downsizing with the events that took place in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s when the American economy witnessed massive reductions in workforce (Allan, 1997). Whilst some people gladly welcomed the move to downsize, some employers strongly resisted the temptation to cut down operational costs by terminating employee services. These employers were strongly convinced of that retaining their employees had more advantages than asking them to leave in whichever manner. Using various strategies, these employers were able to either minimize or even prevent employee layoffs (Allan, 1997). Some employers opposed the process supported their stand by purporting that downsizing had the negative effect of bringing down company share prices instead of causing them to go up (Baumol, Blinder & Wolff, 2005). The people most affected by downsizing and massive jobs loss were the employees who most likely had no other sources of income. The very unfortunate employees lost their jobs but those left behind were in no way better as among them, there was constant fear of losing their jobs not knowing how long they would still remain relevant to the operations of the companies (Baumol, Blinder & Wolff, 2005). Other strategies adopted by some organizations to control business expenses included engaging the services of foreigners or using temporary staff with reduced benefits and with little or no attachment to the organization (Baumol, Blinder & Wolff, 2005). To Downsize or Not to Downsize Whether or not to downsize has been an issue of concern for many stakeholders; academicians as well as practit
In his narrative, Jorge Semprun often switches from external to internal setting. Such tool plays an outstanding role in the plot presentation. For instance, it gives a chance for the author to compare and contrast general information and specific details, outlook and internal state of things, image and feelings, etc. In addition, Semprun tries to show the interdependence of the global things and some particular notions. Indeed, showing that a person is just a small detail in the enormous system of the world, the author later transfers to the inner world of one individual, showing that it can be as great as a separate Universe. While it may seem from the first sight that the rapid changes of setting from internal to external add needless complications in the narrative, each of them conveys a special message. In fact, the nature of human consciousness suggests that people think with images, and their order is never chronologically or logically organized. Thus, Semprun tried to express the stream of those images in his narrative, showing the importance of every thought, emotion, feeling, or vision. What is more, the readers tend to focus on some impressive moments of the plot; in contrast, reading Semprun’s book keeps a reader in constant tension, as the general switches to the very specific and back. By these means, the author teaches us to think globally. The mentioned tool also serves as a intensifier of author’s testimony. As an example, in one of the episodes Semprun first describes the setting outside the boxcar, then switches to the inside, describing how many people are there; next, the author tells how unbearably it is to be one of them, and finally describes the pain in his knee. Such development of descriptions from general to specific allows the author analyze every level of the reality, showing the inconveniences, pain and fear on each of them. This method is often applied in the book. The reflections of the inside and outside change the traditional positions of both the writer and the reader. In some cases, the writer seems to discover the development of plot together with the reader. Indeed, in some scenes the author builds the
Introduction Social Security system grants benefits for older Americans, workers who become disabled, and families in which a spouse or parent dies. The period everyone feared in the 20 th century is now underway as baby boomers began to retire. Currently, a reduction in Social Security paychecks’ value drives people to save money while working and claim their benefits after the full retirement age. The present paper offers a short insight into the rationale behind the tendencies. Main body The Social Security system emerged in the 1930s during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, however, the talks about saving money for retirement continue until the present day. Therefore, it is safe to say that the sole fact of providing Social Security does not lead people to avoid saving while working altogether, and there are two main reasons for this. First, the earning rate of the benefits grant does not seem to be enough to sustain the customary lifestyle. Second, there are several retirement savings programs, such as 401(k) plan and IRA, which a wise investor would not wish to avoid. However, US citizens need to save much less than they would have to if they could not apply for Social Security benefits. In short, a glance at Social Security policy grants the understanding that it reduces the amount of savings US citizens have to make, although people still need to save money for retirement. There is another point to consider while realizing how Social Security affects the pattern of personal savings for retirement. Recent researches show that delaying retirement for just three to six months has the same impact as savings 1 percent more of your salary over 30 years. The matter is because a person can preserve his or her savings and even keep contributing to the assets. Thus, some people would prefer working for extra 2-3 years rather than try to save more money during their lifetime. However, the reality is that people wish to retire as soon as possible and people should not count on that to solve a shortfall caused by not saving enough. In essence, while Social Security provides additional benefits for those working after full retirement age, it is not considered a viable strategy for savings reductions during working years. Instead of savings, some people prefer to continue working even after applying for Social Security benefits, however, there are strict regulations concerning the matter. In 2018 a person can work and claim 100% of his or her benefits only when earning under $17,040. For every $2 made over the threshold, a recipient must repay $1 to Social Security. Hence, there are two ways of avoiding the penalty: continue working until the full retirement age without applying for Social Security, or get the benefits and have a side job with a salary less than $17,040. Although this may be true, it is crucial to understand that any benefits withheld while a person continues to work wi
As people talk, the volume and degree of their voice modulation varies. This changes the pitch and tone of voice. A number of things determine the volume and degree of modulation. For instance, if people are arguing, the pitch of voices will keep changing. Here, the pitch will be high as one struggles to emphasize his/her point of view. At that point when one tries to stress a point, the pitch of the voice increases. Some of the people in the group are not loud enough to be heard by the audience. Thus, their voices are too low to be heard by the people who are in the group. In such cases, they are told to be aloud so that they can be heard properly. Additionally, there is a tendency of people to vary their pitch. Essentially, varying the pitch aims at emphasizing a point. Talking in a monotonous tone is said to be boring thus people change the pitch. The varying of the pitch is good in capturing and maintaining the interest of the audience one is talking to at any time. When relaxed, people tend to talk with their natural voice. Contrary, whenever people are anxious, they tend to raise their voice in order to be audible. Anxious people will add much energy to their voice to be clearly understood. Emphasis on a point is achieved by raising the pitch. Further more, in an argument, voice control is done dramatically. For instance, an angry person would not concentrate on their voices in an even manner. Such a person would dramatically lower or raise his/her voice. This is opposite to a formal communication like in an interview or in addressing a crowd. In formal conversations, people tend to be extremely careful in the way they change their voices. Here, people put so much passion on keeping their voice even or lower. In informal conversations, people have the time to gather their thoughts. Thus, one can stop and think before he/she talks. This results into a change in the modulation as people bring in sounds like “um” and “uh”. This shows that people are relaxed and free, thus having the time to put in the thoughts in their minds. Voice modulation changes with the speed of the spoken words. From the conversation, it is clear that people would change the speed of their speech depending on the situation. Typically, when one is in a relaxed mood, they tend to speak slowly with moments of pause. This gives their audience time to clearly understand their message. At this juncture, the conversation is clear and concise, and pausing gives the audience a moment to reflect on the points communicated. However, an angry person will be fast in his/her speech because of anxiety. Essentially, this may make him/her unintelligible and the audi
Introduction and background The study authors argue that previous studies show that mammography screening every two years for females is more beneficial than annual screening (O’Meara et al. 2013). In fact, it is argued that annual screening could be exemplified by negative impacts such as unwanted biopsies and more chances of over-diagnosis (Berg et al. 2012; Smith et al. 2011). Due to the two demerits of the annual breast examination, it is recommended that women aged 50 to 74 years should access biennial mammographic testing. However, women aged 40 to 49 years are not advised to undergo routine screening because there is inadequate evidence with regard to the early diagnosis of various conditions that could affect breasts (Chubak et al. 2010). Over the years, age and race aspects have been considered with regard to breast cancer (Miglioretti 2013). Breast screening that would consider the race and age of a woman would be more useful in reducing adverse outcomes than testing that would be based only on age. With regard to breast cancer, it has been shown that Hispanic and black women have more chances of presenting with tumor features than their Asian and non-Hispanic counterparts (Siegel, Naishadham & Jemal 2013). Thus, it would be prudent to conclude that Hispanic and black females would achieve more benefits from frequent breast screening. Due to the high mortality rates that are associated with black women suffering from breast cancer, it would be important for females in their 40s to undergo frequent testing (Smith et al. 2010). The study adopted a cohort approach to examine women populations living in the US. The purpose of the study was to “estimate the risks of unpleasant growth features that would be correlated with the biennial, annual and triennial screening mammography on the platforms of race/ethnicity and age groups” (O’Meara et al. 2013, p. 3960). Methods Mammography information in the form of data collected by the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium was compared with databases that contained pathology and tumor information. The study authors focused on the identification of females aged 40 to 74 years. The women were established to have undergone the three forms of screening between 1994 and 2008. The authors analyzed 14,396 cases of breast cancer, and they focused on establishing the negative impacts of false-positives within a 10-year period. In addition, risks were evaluated with regard to biopsy recommendations that were offered to 1,276,312 non-cases. Logistic regression analysis was utilize
Introduction According to Fukuyuma (2004), the act of state-building is a very fragile concept. In this respect, the state-building affair must be conducted in a manner that creates stable institutions. Although the essentials of state-building are learned from some of the developed countries, the same can be applied to less-developed countries. It is common knowledge that less-developed countries are sometimes referred to as failed states. This can be evidenced by a lack of proper governance, unstable institutions, and lack of economic strength. In some instances, political influence in less-develop countr
Introduction Dubai Business School is a prestigious educational institution. However, to make it’s status clear, it needs to present its vision statement, mission statement, and objectives in a manner that reflects its quality. This paper will provide a critical evaluation of these aspects as well as the pros and cons of each. Vision Statement The vision statement of the company accurately states that it is aiming to be one of the top 25 business schools in the area by 2020 and in the top 10 by 2025. This vision statement is reasonable, and with the current status of the school, it can meet either of the goals of the institution continues to improve over time. However, there is a downside to such a simple statement. It appears unambitious and generic. Any university could share this statement. Therefore, it does not inherently help Dubai Business School. Adding a specific attribute to the statement may improve it. Mission Statement The mission statement of the school shows that it wants to be the leader in the market of applied business management education in Middle East Africa. This mission is clear and is more ambitious than the vision of the school. The details on the achievement of the mission are also quite well constructed. No clear negatives were found during the analysis. Objectives The objectives outlined by the school are also appealing and include both signs of the school being focused on improvement through innovative techniques, and providing staple benefits such as the building of skills and character of the students while providing them with a quality education. Other than the slightly general tone of the objectives, there is no clear issue with any of them. However, they may be improved by providing employment opportunities for specific graduates that show proficiency in certain topics. Conclusion Dubai Business School has a clear vision statement, mission statement, and objectives. Despite small issues, they are completely sufficient and describe the benefits of the school in detail. However, they may need an additional dose of personality to stand out from other business education institutions.
Discussion Smoking is the inhalation and exhalation of substances or fumes that come from burning tobacco. In the past, smoking was believed to be risk-free, but medical studies have recently reported that tobacco smoking has about 4000 chemical elements. These chemical elements contain toxic components. This presentation provides harmful health effects of smoking, reasons for smoking, and solutions to smoking. Reasons for Smoking  1. Advertising causes mainly young people to smoke. Cigarette smoking is advertised several times more than any commodity apart from cars. Several tobacco advertisements are carried out in attractive and amusing places. For young people to be part of these gorgeous places, they might consider the necessity to buy that product.  2. Another reason is the “everybody’s doing it” attitude, where during adolescent stage, teenagers are urgently attempting to squeeze in and be cool.  3. For some young people, smoking might signify independence or freedom. One key development role of teenage stage is to declare independence from their parents or guardians through building personal identity.  4. Weight control is a significant concern among adolescent girls and is demonstrated in cigarette adverts and posters. Adolescents are not at all shown what cigarette smoking does to teenagers’ lungs and heart.  5. Adults smoke for certain motives. They may have numerous stress and pressure cases due to financial and private difficulties.  6. Finally, most lifetime smokers state that they love smoking. Smoking offers them enjoyment and only makes smokers have a sense of happiness. Harmful Health Effects of Smoking  1. Thousands of tobacco users die around the world annually due to smoke-related illness.  2. Some tobacco users