ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Religion refers to a set of attitudes related to temperament, rationale as well as reason for cosmos. When considered to be the formation of phenomenal organization or an agency, these attitudes concerning custom observances over and over again have an ethnical policy through the behavior of relationship between individuals (Appiah, 2006). The term religion can also be described as the basic set of way of life as well as practice that is normally settled upon by a given number of persons or divisions. This kind of divisions may include both Buddhists as well as Christian religions. Appiah starts describing religion as the part that has a number of roles in a community. Some of the major roles of the religion is to direct people on the basic morals. In the community where he grew up he describes the part played by the religions that existed. He brings out the role of Muslims as well as the role of Christians in the region. The members in his community were Christian who had come in earlier as missionaries before the Muslims came. Appiah talks about a great difference between the two religions that are, the Muslims and Christians; they had different way of thinking as well as behavior. For instance, the cosmopolitans who were Christians could allow women who were almost naked, to go swimming with strange women. This was not in any way allowed in Muslims and was seen as an evil behavior. The Christians urged that there is no point nowadays to restrict what people feel is right for them since the Internet makes it possible for everyone to access any information they want and need. It will be more difficult to restrict the girls who will be tempted to long for liberty. The Muslims, therefore, felt that it was not right that the Christians started to emphasize on the manner in which people were expected to behave towards the Muslims. Appiah felt that those in religious positions ought to have a connection with one another as well as with the non religious people as everyone has something to learn from the other and this would be determined if they are ready to engage in a discussion. This is one of the responsibilities of the leaders so that they may be in a position to understand other people’s opinions (Kenneth, 1985). In his article, he says that there is need to have a religion that will put into consideration
Introduction The story of Tony, Claire and Beth confirms the theory of psychological egoism. According to the theory of psychological egoism, everyone is selfish and this is built in the nature of human beings. We therefore can not avoid acting selfishly. Tony, Claire and Beth in one way or another have decided to give up their comfort to support another’s life. Each one of them is providing support to another’s life in order to gain some fame or feel good about himself or herself although their acts may seem acts of self-sacrifice. According to Psychological egoism, self-less good deeds do not exist. Beth feels good about herself for providing support for her sick mother. She becomes too busy with her mother and forgets about the emotional needs of Tony. Claire also decides to offer support to both Beth and Tony, but this is seen an opportunity to feel good about herself and be popular to the two and most likely to ward off future bad events. Tony also offers his support to Beth so as to maintain the relationship between them. To satisfy his ego, Tony decides to get into another relationship behind Beth’s back. Tony took advantage of Beth’s situation because he was sure he would get away with it (Rosentand, 2005). Ethical Theory Subscribers According to the theory of ethical egoism, we should always be selfish in our actions in order to protect or achieve our interest. Proponents and believers of ethical egoism are guided by utilitarianism where actions are guided by the consequences it could have on the individual. The consequences of the action taken by the individual have to be beneficial to him or her. We should therefore treat others in a way that gives an opportunity to receive the same treatment should the same thing happen to us. Having in mind that what goes around could sometimes come around; a subscriber to the theory of ethical egoism knowing he or she could also be cheated on may decide to tell Beth the truth in order to strengthen the relationship between them. This would give him or her opportunity to be told the truth whenever his or her fiancée cheats behind his or her back. To some subscribers of ethical egoism, it would not matter how the relationship ends as long as he or she maintains a close friendship with Beth. The golden rule guiding ethical egoist usually emphasizes the self and not others. Subscribers of ethical egoism believe that it is okay to treat others in a manner that would work to your advantage as long as you are sure you will benefit from it. This means that in this case, whatever happens to the relationship is the least of a proponent’s problem as long as he or she maintains friendship with Beth. On the other hand, a subscriber to the theory may decide to keep the secret as if he or she knows nothing about what the problem could have been. This could be driven by the fact that he or she would also not want his or her relationships to be interfered with should he or she also decide to cheat on his or her fiancée. This is likely to be done by those who want to shield Tony and could even decide to give Beth other excuses for Tony’s past behavior. Such a subscribe
Supply management plays a major role in any business organization. As such, there is every need for managers and all stakeholders to embrace good supply chain management while executing their management and leadership roles. What are the advantages of maintaining good supply chain management? This essay gives an analysis of the impact of maintaining good supply chain management in any form of business. It is worth noting that supply management does not function alone; many other departments are always involved in ensuring its success and economical impact. However, the number of departments involved solely depends on the size of a given organization. While this is the case, it has been found that supply chain managers must work with certain departments in order to realize set goals and objectives of the organization. These departments include engineering, finance, operations, marketing, quality and information technology (Burt, Petcavage & Pinkerton, 2010). Importantly, these departments must maintain certain relationships to promote effective business performance. Firstly, any supply chain management has to closely work with the engineering department in order to establish supplies to be procured at any given moment during the operation of the business. Besides this acquisition, the engineering department makes purchases for products which may have been configured or designed. It is therefore important for supply managers to liaise with the department to ensure that all required materials for manufacturing of relevant products are purchased in time (Burt, Petcavage & Pinkerton, 2010). On the other hand, manufacturers and the operations departments heavily depend on the supply manager to supply material for manufacturing to take place. Good supply chain management therefore ensures that materials are procured early enough to avoid delays in product manufacturing. Constant communication is a necessity in ensuring that materials are availed timely to avoid disappointing customers with delays. Similarly, quality is a major requirement in any organization. All departments have no option but to ensure that products being produced are of high quality beyond the expectations of customers. Good supply chain management ensures that products manufactured satisfy the needs of customers through collaboration with the quality department (Burt, Petcavage & Pinkerton, 2010). In the event the quality does not meet required standards, supply managers must take full responsibility to correct the error and assure customers of future quality products. In addition, good supply chain management guarantees a good relationship with the marketing department whose mandate is to paint a positive image of the company and its products among current and potential customers within the market. As a result, customers are assured of quality through marketers as the organization introduces new products into the market. A good supply chain management focuses on opportune manufactur
Introduction Each period in the history of art is characterized by its specific features. The modern art encompasses the period from the late XIX century to the second half of the XX century. The artists of that period worked in various genres expressing their world perception and the peculiarities of time. The painting, sculpture, architecture, graphic arts, and many other types and genres were represented in the modern art of 1905-1935. The modernists and impressionists of that time were eager to express their perception of reality in their works. They created their own styles, which became the subject of study of the art researchers. The aim of this essay is to describe the painting Joy of Life by Henri Matisse, the sculpture The Kiss by Constantin Brancussi, and to present the vintage print illustration of 1930s. The Discussion The first modern art work, which I am going to discuss, is the painting Joy of Life by Henri Matisse. It was created in 1906. The medium of the artwork is oil on canvas (“Matisse’s Bonheur de Vivre” n.pag.). The work perfectly reflects the modern tendencies of that period. Lassaigne and Stuart claim that “he never ceased probing the mystery of the creative process and applied an intelligence far above the average to discovering the origins of his art” (15). The painting Joy of Life depicts the bright sunny day, the trees shining in the sun, and people enjoying their life. This work by Henri Matisse reflects the pleasures of life. We can see the figures of people in the painting. All of them enjoy the moments of life. Some dance, others play the musical instruments or communicate. We can also see the pair kissing on the grass. The painting Joy of Life is the perfect example of the surrealism in the visual arts. If you look at the work, you will, undoubtedly, see that the objects of nature and the images of people are depicted in the unusual form. The artist tried to deviate from the traditional art conceptions and to express his own perception of reality (“Matisse’s Bonheur de Vivre” n.pag.). The work lacks the objective depiction of the surrounding world. Rather, the feelings and moods play the crucial role in the expression of the reality. The second work of art, which I want to discuss, is the sculpture The Kiss by Constantin Brancussi. The scholars state that the processes of creation the sculpture and the painting are substantially different as the former represents the transition of the vision into the volume, whereas the later is about reflection of the vision in a number of the abstractive forms (Valentiner 5). The sculpture The Kiss represents the single block with the depicted traces of the human bodies. It is the bright example of the impressionism in sculpture. The medium of the work is the limestone. We can see that the sculpture represents the
Introduction It cannot be denied that modern information-based market is changing incredibly fast and new technologies are making a significant contribution to this change. It is not only the modern scientific progress that encourages this process but also the competition existing in the market. At the same time, while it appears to be impossible to keep up with market leaders without introducing new technologies, innovation is an extremely costly and risky activity the results of which may be difficult to predict. Innovation, therefore, has always been a combination of opportunity and risks. Successful companies like Microsoft and Apple are actively promoting new technologies and implement them to provide their customers with new products and find new opportunities for themselves (Bao, Berkowitz, and Wren 290). One of the directions that modern technology is aimed at is electronic currency and mobile payment. Currency is no longer associated with bills and coins as we have learnt to realise that money is just a token, “a unit of value that can be earned and used in a certain economic system” (Swan 71). Therefore, currency is supposed to be a means of storing and exchanging value and, since it is used extensively in modern world, the technologies that are aimed at facilitating these processes are in great demand (Chiejina and Soremekun 53). This is exactly what mobile payment has been invented for. Believing that it is the technology of future currency, companies like PayPal, Google, and Softcard have become mobile payment services providers (Shen and Yazdanifard 488). Apple has decided to enter this competitive yet promising market as well, launching its new application called Apple Pay. We are going to describe this application and the technology it uses in order to analyse the opportunities and the drawbacks of implementing this kind of innovation. Defining the Technology Apple Pay is an application for iPhones, iPads and Apple Watch that uses the technology of Near Field Communication (NFC) to perform contactless payments (Arthur par. 12; Swan 2). NFC is “a set of standards governing the establishment of radio communication between devices by bringing them close to each other (within a few centimeters) or touching them together” (Chiejina and Soremekun 54). Its use is not limited to contactless payment only; it can be utilized, for example, to access control or collect and exchange data which can also be useful for NFC-enabled mobile phones (Chiejina and Soremekun 54). In order to perform payments with the help of NFC, an application provides its users with the opportunity of integrating their credit cards into mobile phones and then performing contactless payment through a compatible payment terminal. Organizational Benefits Most benefits of Apple Pay that have been highlighted by both its manufacturers and researchers are time-saving, convenience, “coolness” and safeness. It is obvious that these benefits are mostly a
Introduction “I hate you because you’re taking over me,” cried Samantha White in her poem My Best Friend Ana to describe her true attitude towards anorexia. However, in the next line, Samantha White introduced a different opinion and confessed that she loves it “cause you’re making me the girl I want to be” (Smith). The rest of the poem confused and inspired me as a reader because Smith, as well as millions of people around the globe, proved the impossibility to have one particular definition of anorexia in modern life. Anorexia generally associates with an obsessive desire to stay thin, a flawed perception of one’s own body, and a pathological fear of overeating. Although up to 2 percent of all women in Western countries have suffered from anorexia during their lifetimes (Burkert 29), most of them still embrace it and explore the mindset that encourages the development of this specified disorder. What goes through the mind of an anorexia person when they looking in the mirror? The answers might be “I am fat”, “I am ugly”, “I won’t eat anymore tomorrow”, or “People might love me more if I weighed less”. By attempting at wrapping an anorexic person’s mind around how they come to the point of developing anorexia, numerous explanations have been offered, with some of those centering on the influence of the patient’s family. This raises a legitimate question of whether the anorexic family plays an important role in the development and treatment of anorexia, and, if so, what this role is. Main body In the essay There Once Was a Girl , Waldman, a recovering anorexic herself, discusses the probable causes behind the development of the disorder based on her own experience and scientific evidence. Waldman paid attention to her family and the way actually contributed to the development of anorexia problems. Trying to depict her emotions and feelings about her family, Waldman, as well as White, was challenged by doubts and ambiguity. She could not get rid of the thought that “I was a miserable anorexic” but “convinced that the disease was deeply wrong for me yet unable to shake its influence” (Waldman). In the essay, Waldman tries to establish the moment “when the spores of anorexia first crept” into her. After consideration, Waldman finds these ‘spores’ in her childhood memory of comparing herself to her thinner and, supposedly, prettier sister. In her situation, her parents did not accept the decision of her sister to eat less at first. But a few years later, they accepted it as something “normal-ish” (Waldman). Hence, Waldman rejects the idea that her parents exerted any pressure to be thinner or follow the established standards of beauty on her – she emphasizes they are “lovely and kind and interesting people.” Still, when asking herself whether her parents actually “enabled” her and her sister in their sickness, Waldman admits she has no definite answer. Waldman considers the possibility that her parents’ ill-chosen words may have accidentally convinced her that her anorexic sister’s behavior was “not really crazy”, and refuses to blame them. By describing her own experience, Waldman reveals the danger of anorexia lies in its connection with fam
Introduction   * Carbohydrates are macronutrients, which include naturally occurring sugars, starches, and fibers. They are made up of sugar molecules, which form fibers and starches when linked together.   * In the digestive system, starches and sugars get broken down to glucose, which is also known as blood sugar. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body, providing it with fuel and powering all of its functions.   * Fibers are complex carbohydrates, which means that the human gut does not have the necessary enzymes to break apart connections between sugar units. While traveling through the gut undigested, fiber leads to a number of health benefits, including the growth of healthy bacteria and satiation. Simple vs. complex carbohydrates  1. Contain single monosaccharide units  2. Easy to digest  3. Contain sweetness  4. Raise blood glucose levels quickly Complex carbohydrates  1. Polysaccharides made up of hundreds/thousands of monosaccharide units  2. Harder to digest  3. Less sweetness  4. Raise blood glucose levels slowly Healthy sources of carbohydrates Simple carbs cause bursts of energy faster than complex carbohydrates. Simple carbs can lead to spikes in blood sugar levels and sugar highs. Complex carbs provide the human body with more sustained energy. Healthy sources of carbs   * Slowly digested   * Unprocessed   * Help reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease   * Examples include fruits and vegetables, beans, whole grain breads, cereals, etc. Break-down of sugars   * Enzymes from the saliva begin to break down the carbohydrates before the person swallows their food.   * As the carbohydrates travel to the stomach, the digestive system helps to break them down into sugar molecules.   * These molecules pass through the lining of the stomach and get into the bloodstream.   * Sugar molecules are delivered to cells, which use them foe energy needed to function properly. Soluble vs. insoluble fibers Soluble fibers (dissolve in water):   * Help to control the blood glucose levels after the meal and bind cholesterol in the gut   * Sources include dried peas and beans, oats, and fleshy parts of fruits and vegetables Insoluble fibers (do not dissolve):   * Benefits include regularity (constipation relief) and lower risk of diverticulosis   * Sources include bran from grains and cereals, skins from fruits and vegetables, beans and peas, as well as brown rice What it means: It is important to include various fiber sources in order to ensure healthy nutrition. To get more benefits from fruits and vegetables, it is important to eat them whole (with skin, and not in a juice form). Lactose intolerance Diabetes is “a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). Diabetes implies that the body does not have enough insulin or cannot use it as well as it should. As a result, too much blood sugar stays in t
Introduction The majority of the medical community has accepted the concept of vaccination as an effective tool in combating and controlling diseases. After the creation of the first vaccine by Edward Jenner in 1796, the world was made safer from many dangerous diseases, such as smallpox, poliomyelitis, malaria, and others (Cortes-Penfield, 2014). Yearly vaccinations are considered an effective way of controlling the outbreaks of many viral and infectious diseases, such as influenza. It is treatable, but a potentially dangerous disease as it is the number one cause of pneumonia. It is particularly threatening in older patients and young children. Regular vaccines are used to immunize patients and prepare their systems against new stems of the virus. The effectiveness of this method is supported by numerous tests and scientific findings. However, due to the highly adaptive nature of influenza, no vaccine is perfect. Imperfections are associated with the perceived lack of effectiveness and various side effects associated with the treatment. This raises the question of whether or not immunization should be mandatory for healthcare professionals. The purpose of this paper is to examine the arguments and rhetoric devices used by both sides of the argument. Summary of the Situation As it stands, immunization against major diseases is mandatory for the majority of healthcare workers operating in the US. However, the debate regarding mandatory yearly immunizations against the flu is still ongoing. Right now, in most states, healthcare worker immunization is strictly voluntary, which results in less than 50% of doctors being immunized every year (Cortes-Penfield, 2014). The arguments are based on several important parameters, such as the effectiveness of the intervention, financial interest, side-effects, international practices, matters of personal freedom, and ethical concerns regarding the Hippocratic Oath. Although the majority of the populace, as well as leading healthcare organizations, seem to be in favor of mandatory vaccination, voices of concern are loud enough to slow down the initiative. Argumentation Both sides present various claims and arguments in order to support their views. The supporters of vaccination typically rely on scientific evidence from numerous researches and various controlled trials, as well as immunization practices in other countries. Cortes-Penfield (2014) supports the introduction of mandatory immunization as a new standard of care due to influenza and nosocomial infections, causing some of the highest amounts of morbidity during a season. In a hospital setting, healthcare workers are the ones most likely to contract influenza and spread it across the hospital, unless properly immunized. They use this logic in order to support the necessity of vaccination, as the Hippocratic Oath states that a physician is expected to do no harm (Cortes-Penfield, 2014). The opponents of vaccination have some arguments against the procedure as well. Namely, they cite several researches that indicate yearly vaccination being inefficient at dec