ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
One of the examples of automatic or fast thinking is when a person sees a pleasant advertisement, and his/her mind creates a perception about the product. After that, a person tells about a new product line to his/her friends. In this case, an individual feels that he/she is in control of the situation. However, it is not true, as the advertiser addresses his/her cognitive mind and uses psychological tools to get an expected response. In this case, the marketer creates a picture of the particular event, and after that, human mind develops certain emotions associated with it. One the contrary, reflective thinking is a rational and slow decision-making process. Alternatively, one of the cases of this system is the situation when a person decides to buy something expensive. In this case, an individual tends to be more rational, as it is necessary to make a right decision. For example, relying on emotions will not help chose the right TV set. Consequently, the person becomes less affected by different advertisements. Nonetheless, his/her actions and final decision are still influenced by the advertising campaigns and branding of the company. The presentation by Ariely and the book by Moran reveal the insights about the consumer behavior. Learning these aspects can help the customers to understand the influence of the digital age and media on their decision- making. People often underestimate the impact of the media on their lives, and they think that they are in control of their decisions. Nonetheless, personal decision-making in the modern world is often an illusion. The marketers often aim at the cognitive skills of a potential buyer and affect his/her behavior in the desired way. Consequently, I tend to believe that even being aware of the marketing instruments the consumers are not protected from this influence.
It is quite interesting to note that timber is one of the most versatile of building materials in terms of flexibility, sturdiness and ability to last against even the strongest of the elements with a certain degree of curing done to the wood itself. Unfortunately, within the past two decades the prolific use of wood as a building material has resulted in various overharvesting practices around the world resulting in forests literally being stripped bare in order to meet the demand of the various construction booms happening in cities all across the planet (Krumins, Smits, Dagis & Dubrovskis 2011, pp. 47-53). The inherent problem though with wood is that while it has the potential to become a become a renewable source of building materials, the fact remains that without sustainable practices in place it would become an increasingly hard to obtain resources especially when taking into consideration the increasing amount of public protests against logging practices as a direct result of numerous mudslides around the world that came about through unsustainable logging practices that have claimed thousands of lives (Krumins, Smits, Dagis & Dubrovskis 2011, pp. 47-53). It is based on this that sustainable timber processing practices needed to be implemented with the cooperation of various forestry management programs around the world. The fact is that the resources are already in place to ensure that the world can be supplied with a sustainable amount of wood from various forests so long as demand is kept in check. This can be done through proper logging procedures which are done in conjunction with sapling planting in various areas of the forest. By utilizing such a procedure, the amount of trees that are logged can be matched by the amount that are planted which in effect creates a sustainable method of producing wood for a wide variety of construction projects. Reference Krumins, J, Smits, I, Dagis, S, & Dubrovskis, D 2011, ‘Sustainable Supply of Timber Resources for Wood Processing Industry in Latvia’, Proceedings Of The International Scientific Conference: Rural Development , vol.5, no.2, pp. 47-53, Academic Search Premier, EBSCO host.
In the domain of finance, capital structure relates to how a company funds its assets through some mix of preferred stock, equity, debt, or hybrid securities. It is the combination of sources of finance a firm makes use of in the form of debt, preferred stock or common stock, etc. A corporation’s capital structure is, essentially, the framework or ‘structure’ in which liabilities are put together. However, there is a substantial debate whether preferred stock should be recognized as a liability or should be considered equity. In general, liability is defined as the purchasing power of the future that is under the ownership of the present. On the other hand, Equity can be defined as liable capital or capital concerning risk. Thus, it can be easily expressed that from the viewpoint of a company it is always a logical and practical approach for a company to classify its financial instruments as equity rather than a liability. This is because as a liability the entire responsibility of the amount is borne by the company in any given circumstances. But in the case of equity, the risk is equally distributed between the company and the creditors. This way the creditor is converted into a stakeholder of the company where, after holding possession of the equity, the creditor’s payment validation would be linked to the rise and fall of the company. The key measure of a corporation’s capital structure is the ratio of debt and equity capital used in gathering funds to sustain the corporation’s assets. The capital structure has significant repercussions on stockholder value. In addition, capital structure has an impact on leverage, which, sequentially, influences the projected returns and risks for the possessors and creditors of the business. The financial administrations have to balance their finances and attempt to craft an optimal capital structure that maximizes the value of the firm. Capital Structure is also relevant in a firm’s financial management because it significantly affects the demand sustainability and volatility in addition to cost stability. As a result, evaluating preferred stocks as equity would only prove to be a logical conclusion for a company. Additionally, under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), preferred stock is often reported as debt with the dividends reported in the income statement as interest expense. Under U.S. GAAP, which is the case only for “mandatorily redeemable” preferred stock, otherwise, it is reported as equity. The recognition criteria of liability can be divided into two categories. One is Current Liabilities that include dues that are to be settled within a year. Current liabilities include short-term obligations, unearned revenue when adju
Introduction Labour (human capital) is a significant provision in countries, which endeavour to progress economically. Evidently, there is a massive migration of labourers from one country to the next in search of appropriate job opportunities and reasonable pay. Global labour migration is a considerable concern in numerous contexts. The situation has bountiful impacts on the native countries and host cities in terms of increasing population and augmentation of human expertise for the growth of the concerned cities. There is a critical relationship amid the two factions despite the condition. It is agreeable that when people leave their native countries to other cities for job opportunities, the trend leads to some impacts (Berg & Kalleberg 2001). The labour markets of the host cities have experienced some remarkable changes despite the gradualism of the move. Additionally, endeavouring to provide enough opportunities for all these parties is challenging. This relates to the alleged relationships prospected between the global market migration and the labour markets of the global cities discerned in this context. This paper discusses the exact relationships that occur between the global labour migration and the cities involved in this context. It is crucial to consider the aspects of labour market due to
Summary The viscosity of a fluid is associated with a quantitative indicator of a fluid’s tendency to resist flowing. It evaluates the fluid stress distribution caused by applied shear stress. Plane Couette flow is a primary fluid flow demonstration that illustrates the impacts of viscosity. The Couette flow depicts a fluid flow through two plates, one static and under constant stress. The top plate’s velocity is governed by fluid viscosity. The much more viscous liquid slower the vessels will travel. Viscosity is a thermodynamics quantity changing as a function of temperature and pressure. The fluid viscosity often rises with pressure. The temperature may significantly impact the value of both the viscosity of a liquid. In gases, viscosity increases with temperature, owing to the increasing contact between gas molecules. The viscosity reduces with the temperature rise in fluids, owing to the more significant space between molecules. This characteristic is influenced by several variables such as physical properties of the molecules, molecule shape, and intramolecular forces, which are the forces of attraction here between molecules, the architecture of the fluid, and the temperature. The temperature is increased kinetic energy that overcomes the attraction forces; therefore, the molecules were able to flow past each other also freely and, as a consequence, produce less viscous liquid. Purpose   * To measure and analyze the viscosities of perfect (toluene/p-xylene) and unstable (methoxy ethanol/water) two-fold solutions and their constituents.   * To investigate the impact of temperature variation on viscosity.   * To ascertain the activation energy associated with the viscous flow Apparatus and reagents Apparatus   * Stopwatch   * Ostwald Viscometer The Ostwald viscometer compares the flow duration of 2 liquids of known density. To use an Ostwald viscometer, fill the reservoir with liquid and suction it up to the top mark.   * Constant-Temperature Water Bath   * Burette   * Volumetric Flask Reagents   * Toulene   * Distilled Water   * Xylene   * Methanol Chemical formulas Mobile liquids are defined as having low viscosity. Fluidity is the inverse of density, F=1/. Non-associative liquid solutions are approximately additive, which is fluidity’s benefit. Because this experiment uses binary solutions, the mobility of a combination is provided by: Xa & Xb are the molar fractions. The mixture’s viscosity is given by: ln XA •A + XB •B 2) The second section of this lab measures viscosity-temperature dependency. A pure liquid’s viscosity increases exponentially. Viscosity is calculated using the flow rate of a liquid and its density. Equivalent viscosity, volume, and flow velocity of the standard liquid (water) are given in Equation 3. Procedure Suspend the viscometer in a 2-L beaker of water on a hot plate set to 25°C. Assemble the viscometer in the water.  1. 20.00 ml of known density de-ionized water was Pipetted into the Ostwald viscometer and left to equilibrate to the bath’s temperature. Use a pipette bulb to raise the liquid level over the viscometer’s upper fiducial mark. As soon as the water ret
Draft Site Map and Introduction Paragraph Fig. 1. Kitchen Map. A modern kitchen is far from being a place where food is cooked only. This is the space where people cook, eat, socialize, watch TV, read, make plans (schedules, shopping lists), and even work. Of course, people mainly cook food and eat in this area, but other activities are also very common. The site will be preserved well enough, but it might be still difficult to reconstruct its use properly. Therefore, archaeologists are likely to understand the major purpose of the area but will fail to reconstruct the full picture and understand the space, people, and epoch correctly. Essay Thus, kitchen utensils perform their particular roles, but the refrigerator stands out as it has additional tasks. A built-in touchscreen makes it a kitchen hub that contains valuable information for the family. Importantly, there are several items used for cooking food (oven, microwave oven, and cooker) and these appliances are used to perform different tasks (baking, frying, boiling, and so on). The cupboard contains kitchenware and crockery. On the windowsill, there is also a pot with a plant. The LCD TV is not the major kitchen appliance, but it is often there for people to watch (to entertain themselves). Since the place is abandoned abruptly, there might be an iPad left on the table, though some may take this device instead of more relevant (in case of emergency) things. These portable devices are always in very different areas of people’s houses, so there are high chances that one can be on the kitchen table. It is necessary to add that the special arrangement serves the major purpose (cooking and consuming food) while entertaining oneself with the help of modern devices (TV, smart refrigerator, iPad). It is
Environmental problems are bothering not only professionals but also simple people who want to know the development of the situation in the world. Still, the professionals from different spheres remain the most preoccupied people who care for the changes in the surrounding world. The environmental issues are usually connected with human health and if something happens scientists usually think about the influence of the affair on human health. The changes in the environment happen every day. Some of these changes are really dangerous, some of them are just the predicted consequences or reasons for other disasters. The most recent environmental problem which happened in the world is connected with the diseases of human being and land animals found in marine life. The problem is rather specific and requires deeper research as in case the parasites which attached marine animals will mutate people and land species will be in danger of being infected with the diseases the marine life is full of, and most marine species and diseases are not even discovered yet. Considering the situation, the scientists report the vast majority of cases when human and livestock diseases are spread on marine life become more and more frequent. Such bacteria and infections as clostridium difficile, harbour seals, coxiella burnetti, cryptococcus gattii, fungus, toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis neurona and sarcocystis neurona are the parasites which have been recently met in the marine animals. Considering the effects these bacteria may result in the following consequences should be remembered, the production of the lethal toxins in the intestine, the development of the clinical disease and succumb to the infection, the cause of the aborts or impact on weak offspring’s development, and some of them may be fatal to marine life as they are fatal for the human beings (Pynn n.p.). The bacteria and parasites which are met in the dead bodies of the marine animals really frustrate as it means that the mutation takes place. The organism managed to infect the species which were sustainable to them before. Something has changed and this may be the main reason for concern as the changes in the environment which have caused such changes may effect other organisms. There are a lot of other consequences and bacteria which cause them. Dwelling upon the possibilities of the infection appearance and its spread, the scientists consider the opportunities of the water, air and soil delivery. The infection could appear in the body of the marine organisms, such as whales, via the air. There animals have to use air and they are believed to exchange large amounts of air during breathing, this might be one of the ways the organism appeared in the marine life. Additionally water and soil pollution could be the reasons. The scientists prefer to think that is was the source of infection
Introduction Hopi is an integrated land with various geographical formations. The Hopi people had a major objective to save their land. It was a group with strong religious beliefs and very firm lifestyle, which kept them away from the modern world. They really believed in handling their issues traditionally, as reflected in the lifestyle. Often, they were against the destruction of the ancient land that they believed was a method of conserving the environment. The southern part of the land is a flat desert, while the other part is mountainous, called Hopi butte. On the other hand, the northern part of Hopi land is also mountainous, where rocks are formed beautifully. The Hopi people are indigenous human beings who never believed in the modern activities, except the indigenous ways of life. How the Hopi Integrated the System of Myth and Legend with the Environment It is their belief that when one plants a tree, they must sing because it is through the songs that the earth, plants and trees provide happiness. In this case, they relate with the environment, according to their myths and beliefs. In addition, these people also sing, as away of agitating the air because moisture is always present in it. In fact, it is the moisture that supports the plants. The Hopi always sing or just pound something loudly in the process of tending their crops. In most cases, they relate the plants to a baby who must be taken care of. One must be happy when taking care of the environment just like a child. Interconnection of Oral Tradition and the Environment Here, the major activities are the cultural practices and rituals done to promote interactive activities, which guide the well-being of everything, including the environment. The interest of the Hopi people is to ensure there is well being of the people, through championing the environmental conservation activities. They tried to prevent the destruction of Mesas, which were the sites that they considered sacred. Mesas were used by the state of Arizona to construct highways, despite the people’s pleas to save these important historical sites (Hopi Cultural Preservation Office, 2011). They had ceremonial masks and other items for their spiritual practice, which they kept. They valued many parts of their land, which were the cultural custom to celebrate in most of these places. However, some parts of the land were used for the agricultural production. Relating the Names of Places with the Environment The Hopi people have adopted names of different places and items, which reflect the environmental issues. For instance, the Supawlavi village has a spring called the Suvipa. The word Suvipa, according to them, is a place of sweet cold water. This is as a result of the good environmental conservation that results in the nature of water they get from this spring. Another spring is the Hotsiva that is situated on the lower ground. Naming is done in relation to the environment and physical features, such as mountains. For instance, the Hopi butte is a mountain located in the south and named so because of the existence of volcanic buttes, which a
Introduction Chinese poetry has deep roots and a variety of characteristics, and its golden age and prosperity were connected with the name of the Tang dynasty that ruled between the 600s and 900s. Liu describes this genre as “simple, straightforward, and rather flat in language, and restrained and philosophical in tone” (151). People who are unfamiliar with this style of writing could define it as complex and difficult to understand. Using the poems written by Tu Fu and Jin Changxu, the questions of authors’ disappointment, the intention to appeal to someone, and the identification of poorly known places will be answered in this paper. The theories of emotion and scene by Wang Fu-chih and of worlds by Wang Kuo-wei are methods that will help explain poetic views, definitions, existing judgments, and characteristics of Chinese poetry. Translated to English, Fu’s and Changxu’s poems represent the uniqueness of Chinese culture, human suffering, the importance of social norms like respect or order by means of skillful manipulations of literary techniques and urgent topics. Definition of Poetry Every person is free to develop an independent understanding of poetry as a form of literature characterized by rhyme and tone that delivers a specific message to a reader. I think that poetry is one of the most complex styles of writing because of the unpredictable interplay of words, meanings, and rhythms determined by the poet. After reading the translations of Chinese poetry, I realize that I am far from giving a correct explanation of this type of literature. The interpretations developed by Liu turn out to be helpful in the analysis. Poetry is viewed as “a means to influence personal morality” that “reflect the people’s feelings towards the government and expose social events” (Liu 67). In other words, the definition of poetry is related to the possibility of expressing personal emotions. As a result, this form of literature aims at inspiring and motivating people, as well as discovering their needs and wishes. Poetry Through Worlds and Language There are many other ways of how Chinese poetry or poetry, in general, can be interpreted. One of the most remarkable aspects of the book written by Liu is the development of the doctrine “poetry as exploration of worlds and of language” (91). This double exploration helps to understand the complexity of the chosen style of writing. Considering the basis of the theory of worlds, Liu says that poetry does not only describe the world and its development but explores its features through the prism of time (96). Relying on the theory of emotion and scene, even if a poem is written in the past and over the