ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Muscle Shoals is a 2013 documentary about the sound studio in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, a small town on the Tennessee River, often referred to as the “Soul River.” The studio became known for collaborating with various prominent musicians. The film explores the environment that gave rise to widely acknowledged American music, especially in the 1960s and the 1970s. In the recording studio, such artists as the Rolling Stones, Bono, Aretha Franklin, Etta James, Alicia Keys, and many others (who star in the film) claimed to have found their special sound. It can be speculated that the protagonist of the film is the place itself. Many starring musicians address the question of how Muscle Shoals became the inspiration for such different musical styles. The picturesque images of the Tennessee River’s south, its swamps, its sun, and its forests as if become a separate character of the documentary. The film does not clearly explain why Muscle Shoals played such a prominent role in the history of American music, which leaves it, viewers, to make their own conclusions. The challenge of the musicians described in the movie was that they struggled to find their own styles and sound to compete with the mainstream music of the time. 1 They repeatedly fail due to the remoteness of what they do from the general public’s expectations. However, they ultimately achieve wide recognition, historical significance, and credits for the creation of unique compositions that became the benchmark of American music. The film features different music styles, including soul, rock, R&B, rock and roll, and country. All these styles had been widespread in the American South at that time. The soul is the genre that comes from the African-American gospel music, which was greatly influenced by such prominent genres in the 1950s as R&B and jazz. Its essential characteristics are rhythm (danceability), tense vocals, and the esthetics of testifying. Soul also inherited the culture of improvisation from jazz. Rock and roll is a popular music that features rhythm, dynamics, and backbeat. It evolved into rock, which is dynamic, too, but also heavily concentrates on the electric guitar sound. 2 Rock is played in groups that also include bass guitar players and drummers. R&B, which stands for rhythm and blues, also originated in African-American communities. It evolved from jazz by becoming more rocking, rhythmic, and featuring heavier beats. The country is the music of the American South that is based on folk tunes and combines it with the blues influences that were widespread in the United States in the early 20th century. The film also allows speculating about the matters of racial identities. The Swampers, Muscle Shoals-based prominent American musicians, played the music that was traditionally associated with African-American traditions. It was a surprise for many to discover that they were, in fact, white. Bono says in the film that they looked like guys who worked in a store around the corner. However, they produced high-quality R&B and soul music that demonstrated something that seemed to be a strong influence on African-American heri
Using Efficient Vehicles Pacala and Socolow believe that the use of efficient vehicles can curb carbon emissions. They theorized that light-duty vehicle would reduce carbon emissions. This is because large size vehicles require a large amount of power that comes from fuel. Hence, they produce high carbon emissions due to high fuel consumption. Minimize Car Use Many cars probably release more carbon into the atmosphere. The more the annual road activity indicates that more cars traversed throughout a fiscal year, the higher the size of the annual fuel consumption. Pacala and Socolow believe that an annual decline in the rides of about 10,000 to 5000 miles would reduce emissions. Using Efficient Buildings Carbon emissions come from buildings. Pacala and Socolow assume that efficient residential and commercial buildings can reduce carbon emissions by approximately one-fourth come 2052. The stabilization wedges advocates for efficient house heating and cooling, refrigeration, water heating, and proper lighting, as the carbon reduction approaches in the residential and commercial buildings. Efficient Coal Plants Coal plants are the sources of heavy carbon emissions. Pacala and Socolow suggest that improved coal power plants with a higher operating efficiency of about 40%, rather than the current 32%, can reduce carbon emissions by 60%. Electricity and fuel de-carbonization would be imperative in this approach, because they would reduce gigatons of carbon (GtC). Gas Base-load Power Efficient coal plants may not be effective remedies to the control of carbon emissions. Sixth theory of the stabilization wedges claims that it is possible to replace the coal plants producing 1400 Gigawatt (GW), which represents 50% maximum efficiency, with the natural gas plants that produce as little as 700 GW. Carbon Capture at Base-Load Plants Carbon affects the atmosphere, and a proper carbon capture and control would reduce emissions. The seventh assumption claims that Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology can curb carbon emissions. Coal producing companies should establish CCS in the power plants with 800 GW or, in the natural gas firms that produce 1600 GW. Pre-combustion or geologic storage would help. Carbon Capture at Hydrogen Plants The Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology can also reduce carbon emissions in the Hydrogen plants. Coal firms that produce 250 MtH2 annually or natural gas plants that produce 500 MtH2 should incorporate the CSS technology. The CCS technology would assist to reduce the carbon through a pre-combustion process. Storing Coal from the Synthetic Fuel To control carbon, coal and natural gas plants should begin by controlling the synthetic fuels. The process of controlling the carbon from the synthetic fuel is through the capturing or venting of the carbon dioxide gas. Controlling the captured CO 2 in the synthetic fue
Study Purpose The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the occupational therapy program provided in combination with a course of neuromotor rehabilitation measuring the levels of functional improvement and independence the patients with the injuries of spinal cord demonstrated after the first hospitalization. Literature The introduction of the study defines and describes occupational therapy as a type of treatment and its multiple functions and effects that make it an extremely useful and beneficial approach. Further, the negative consequences of spinal cord injuries are described to show the need for occupational therapy for the patients to achieve a higher level of personal independence. As a result, the authors illustrate the need for the evaluation of the effectiveness of occupational therapy for patients with spinal cord injuries as it is crucial for them to return to normal life through the treatment of the highest quality. The authors support their statements with multiple references to the prior studies all of which are relevant and recent dating back to the 1990s and the early 2000s. Design The study is a randomised controlled trial that was held at the Rehabilitation Institute of Montecatone, Italy; namely in its Spinal Cord Unit. The design was appropriate for the study as it was based on the comparison of the improvements in the patient’s conditions comparing two groups of participants. The researchers had no obvious biases. However, it is worth mentioning that all the subjects included in the trial were male which could be perceived as a deliberate exclusion of females. Sample The 36 male participants of the trial were included based on the following conditions: an ability to remain in a sitting position for over three hours in a row, being younger than 60 years, with a complete paraplegia in thoracic-lumbar level, and being on their first hospitalisation for the injury. Only the patients who agreed to participate were included. The sample was divided into two groups. The experimental group (24 men) went through the neuromotor rehabilitation accompanied with several OT sessions. The 12 control subjects chose to undergo only neuromotor rehabilitation under the supervision of their doctors. The participants were similar in age, residence, marital status, profession, and the term of hospitalisation. Outcomes The measured outcome was the level of personal independence. It was assessed two times – after the admission to the trail and after the discharge of the participants. The Valutazione Funzionale Mielolesi (VFM) scale was employed as an assessment tool. This s
The issue of safety in clinical settings might introduce some challenges. Among them is a lack of preparation, which may lead to poor decision-making on the question of safety. Next are challenges concerned with medication safety that might arise due to the lack of understanding of medication management. Another challenge, latent threats, is related to the difficulties with equipment, processes, or system breakdowns. Thus, I assume that the biggest challenges for me regarding the issue of safety in the clinical setting would be possible lack of readiness, medication safety issues, and latent safety threats. First, in order to resolve the lack of preparation, it is essential to emphasize specific learning activities that allow detecting the student’s abilities before participating in real clinical settings. For example, the simulation activities made nursing students more comfortable when providing care (Ferguson & Cosby, 2017). Secondly, to undermine the challenges associated with medication safety, the students shall learn more about the pharmacy and medication management. The study where nurses were surveyed revealed that the majority of the nurses would prefer to take additional courses on the medication’s safety or simply refresh their knowledge (Khalil et al., 2019). The next challenge, labeled latent threats, could be overcome by implementing in situ simulation, which shows how the clinical environment reacts in its natural state, including personnel, equipment, and systems (Posner et al., 2017). All the actions mentioned above would contribute to the mi
Lack of thorough preparation among modern college students is a serious problem that affects their academic performance. There is a general tendency among students who work and study at the same time consisting in the fact that students tend to spend more time at work instead of devoting their time to studies. The research study looked at how academic performance is affected by both work and study. In addition, the impacts of motivation and individual student ability in terms of academic performance were examined in this research study. Most importantly, the study thoroughly investigated how academic performance is affected by the overall time allocated to students for studying. After carrying out the empirical observation, it was evident that academic work consumed about 6 hours of the total available time throughout a week especially among freshmen students who entered college not long time ago. 413 students were involved in the survey out of a total of 276,449 sample size. When data obtained from the 1987 survey was examined, it was found out that about 48% of college students spend less than 8 hours per week on academic work outside class (Nonis & Hudson 2006, p.153). As a matter of fact, the time spent on academic work has been reducing over the years. Therefore, academic performance has been most affected by poor time management skills among students. In addition, it is also worth to mention that the number of students who are employed either full or part time, has been increasing over the years. For instance, the latest employment index statistics reveals that since 1993 the number of working hours has increased by four percent. In addition, over 16 hours per week are spent by college freshmen who are working. Needless to say, such a situation has affected academic performance in variety of ways. In most instances, some students have to work as they study so that they can meet their daily needs. Universities and lower level colleges will have to deal with the students who find it difficult to manage their study time well. A long term strategy should be put in place because it would be futile to reward minimal effort by lowering academic standards. Although other factors such as individual student ability and motivation are known to affect academic performance, it is worth to mention that time spent on academic work outside classroom environment matters a lot in determining the overall academic performance. As a matter of fact, there is lack of adequate research study on how student ability and motivation influence academic performance. One of the hypotheses presented in this empirical research study is that students who spend additional time on academic work are more likely to perform better than those who spend the same time doing other non-academic work. For instance, a study carried out in 1991 by Pascarella and Terenzini observed that the GPA obtained by college fresh
Introduction Description of the Program Content The training program is designed for employees of a computer company in the UAE whose subsidiaries are located in different cities. The program involves 4 classes where the trainees will study specific techniques and methods enhancing their competitiveness in advertizing the new product (Astrocompt ZT). The problem of location will also be addressed to introduce specific methods of teaching. With regard to the techniques, the program is to be implemented in 4 weeks where 1 week will be given for studying one technique. Objectives The objectives of the training are as follows:  1. To increase the capacity of the new staff. Not-well trained employee could change the relation of the employees towards their fellow workers;  2. To improve the overall performance of the company;  3. To develop the higher advanced skills in the new workers. To develop the skills of the new employees so as to speed up the educational process. Training Techniques These training techniques are aimed at improving the efficiency of the computer company. Hence, the identified techniques include strategies for enhancing greetings, the implementation of open-ended questions, emphasis on better understanding of the product, and effective listening techniques. Greetings The client has to be greeted so as to create a healthy environment for business and ensure that the client is at the right place. The greetings could also make a customer feel comfortable to ask questions about the products. Open-ended Questions The importance of open-ended questions is to allow the sales clerk to know the nature of the goods the buyer would wish to purchase. This ensures that a sales representative could explain the buyer the technical characteristics of the product, the peculiarities of its working process and consult the buyer about the prize. These questions ensure that the salesperson does not get “Yes” or “No” answers. It also gives an opportunity to create an effective dialogue between the salesperson and the buyer. Understanding the Product The seller benefits from full understanding of the product after one enables him/her to read a description report of the product and then to discuss the specifics of the goods. Effective Listening Effective listening will help the seller identify the customers’ needs. It enables the seller to cope with all types of customers: arrogant, moody, polite or abusive persons. Methods of Teaching for Each Class Each class wi
The time when Wal-Mart opened its stores in Germany was marked by complicated economic conditions exacerbated by adverse demographics and strict governmental regulations imposed on store owners. The laws governing general commercial activities were not conducive to opening a retailing business. Regulation of store hours and restrictions on “loss leader pricing” created a highly demanding environment for Wal-Mart (Lascu 162). Moreover, the company’s distinguished strategy called every day low pricing (EDPL) was deemed illegal and rendered useless their unique selling proposition (Lascu 162). According to the German legislation of that time, in order to put a product into the EDPL category, it should be marketed at a lower price for two months. Furthermore, a long list of retailers such as Aldi and Lidl, Globus, Real (Metro), Kaufland, and Toon (Rewe Group) offered a sound competition for Wal-Mart (Lascu 162). The rivals’ strategy of zone pricing allowed them to outmaneuver the company and block its clear price leadership (Lascu 162). Wal-Mart failed in Germany because of its inability to properly calculate the risks related to competition that had better geographic penetrability. The company was also mistaken in its belief that the German market is not different from that in the United States. Moreover, the leadership of Wal-Mart was not able to understand the cultural differences between German and American consumers (Lascu 162). Walmart wanted to use the high quality of service as leverage in competition on the market. The company believed that providing their customers with shopping bags and packing service free of charge would give them a competitive advantage (Lascu 162). They also trusted in the strategy of focusing on low pricing while shifting consumers’ center of interest to the quality of service. However, buyers in America and Germany are different in many significant respects and do not respond to the same incentives (Lascu 162). Those differences can be described using the Hofstede dimensions. Germans tend to be more individualistic in their purchasing behavior. They are willing to “hunt” for bargains themselves and enormously enjoy the process (Lascu 162). Moreover, in view of German consumers, the store’s offers did not seem cheap but rather created the perception of luxuriousness. This illustrates their difference in the Indulgence vs. Restraint (IND) dimension (Lascu 134). Furthermore, German consumers are loyal to national brands, and it is hard to convince them to switch to other retailers. Wal-Mart also miscalculated the extent to which the German employee culture differs from that in the United States (Lascu 163). German workers were not willing to accept the American customer-service traditions and, in spite of the encouragement of their managers, did not want to adopt a habit of cheerfully greeting their customers. There also was a massive backlash against the rul
The first week covered many important topics related to nursing practice. Among these, understanding informed consent and advanced directives, learning about considerations for psychiatric settings and patients, and prioritization and delegation are the three topics worth emphasizing. The healthcare system is built around patients’ needs and desires. They should have the required information at their disposal to be able to make informed decisions. Informed consents are a way for patients to confirm that they understand all implications of the proposed treatment. Patients provide their decision in the form of advanced directives. These topics are significant to nursing practice because treatment should not start before consent and directives are given. This knowledge will contribute to my career and help me avoid mistakes when communicating with patients. Along with informing patients, healthcare providers are obliged to accommodate patient safety in all procedures. Safety is challenging under inpatient mental health settings, and specialized training is required to avoid any unexpected circumstances. Nurses work with all types of patients, and therefore, learning about considerations for psychiatric settings is significant to my career as a nurse. In addition, besides performing instrumental functions, nurses engage in management activities. Nurse leaders, for instance, work with other departments to devise a financial plan and budget. Therefore, it is significant for aspiring nurses to be acquainted with concepts of prioritization and delegation. The former allows nurses to manage their time to be able to achieve greater efficacy per unit of input. Delegation contributes to effectiveness by allowing cooperation with other team members. It is not possible to delegate everything as such an attitude may lead to toxic relations with subordinates. This knowledge will help me become a competent nurse leader in the future.
Introduction Since the start of my semester, June this year, I have been finding a solution to some assumptions that I have held for a very long time. As this has come true to me, I believe I have become a better person with a high understanding of things. This paper discusses two assumptions that I held at the beginning and the way they have come clear to me. I will discuss them in parts; Errors are necessarily a part of the learning process; they are the expected and even desired, for they contain information essential for further learning In most cases, human beings fear making errors as they go along with their daily businesses. One of the reasons that are set for this belief is because generally, the way human beings are made is that they are on a mission to minimize their sore and maximize their happiness. When one makes an error he is then likely to suffer some sore, and, thus we act to avoid making errors. It is at this point that the issue of social dissonance comes into the picture. Cognitive dissonance is the feeling that a person gets when he or she is confronted with two opposing ideas at the same time. It happens when one is persuaded to do something contrary to his or her beliefs. It can be explained as embarrassment, guilt, or an uncomfortable feeling. The strength of the feeling is increased with the increase in the importance of the conflicting matter and the inability to make a rational decision on the best way of doing something. The nature of human beings is that they would go the extra mile to avoid any error. During my study, I have learned something interesting about setting myself free and accepting to engage in things that I am not sure are the right ones. This is at the risk of making mistakes. It has come clear to me that great inventions were, as a result of people engaging in risk at the expense of making errors in the process their projects become successful, and they made great breakthroughs in life. When making decisions, there are instances that people have shied away from making decisions but they end up making the bad decision because not making a decision is a decision in itself. Great managers and leaders have something that I learned to be very interesting; they encourage their subordinates to make decisions when the time requires, instead of not making one. They have recognized that it is only through this that they will learn and become better assets to the company (Kellough, 1974). When I was reading the course, the concept of pessimists and opportunists came clear to my mind. I realized that great people in the universe were opportunists; they see a glass half full instead of seeing it half empty. They are people who take risks and don’t fear making errors. I thus