ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Electricity in California California is characterized by the large demand for electricity because it is one of the most heavily populated states in the country. To obtain the necessary energy, the state uses natural gas, nuclear power, hydroelectric power, and renewable resources. The plants and stations to produce electricity based on natural gas resources are most typical for the state. However, the state also uses the power produced by the nuclear power plants. The work of coal-fired power plants is limited in the state, and the state authorities focus on using alternative approaches such as hydroelectric power plants and renewable energy plants. Solar power plants are actively supported and developed in the state to obtain a lot of electricity from renewable energy plants. California Mineral Resources California can be discussed as rich in natural mineral resources. The main mineral resources in the state are gravel, sand, gold, tungsten, asbestos, boron minerals, gypsum, pumice, lime, and silver. That is why much attention is paid to the development of the mining industry in the region as the main method to extract mineral resources. The most developed mining industries in California are the cement mining industry and the sand and gravel mining industry. The natural deposits of these minerals are large, and the industry is actively developed. Mining technologies are also used to extract boron-bearing minerals. Who Killed the Electric Car? (2006) The authors of the film state that the production of the environmentally-friendly electric car can be discussed as an important event in social life because of its positive effects on the economy and environment. However, the focus on the electric car is the real threat to the oil producers and car companies because of the expected significant losses. That is why the idea of producing electric cars failed to be realized in the 1990s. The initiative was not supported by the government, and the producers failed to attract the customers while proving the advantages of electric cars. It is possible to assume that many economic forces and many actors in the business arena were involved in the process of ‘killing’ the electric car because the focus on electric cars could change the whole economic situation in the country. Californian Gravel California is rich in gravel, and the gravel extraction industry is one of the actively developed industries in the state. Gravel can be discussed as the mineral formed from the rock fragments. Californian gravel deposits are the results of the erosional processes and weathering that influenced the Californian rocky territories. There are many specific quarries and mines in California to extract gravel, which is actively used in constructing roads, buildings, and industries. Environmental Issues of Mining Open-pit mining and underground mining have different negative effects on the environment because of eroding the landscapes and because of the risks of evaporating or extracting harmful substances. For instance, in California, open-pit mining technologies are often used, and large amounts of soils are mined to extract the minerals. Thus, the large terr
Introduction This paper develops a system plan and evaluation procedure for the security system of a hypothetical bank called the National Bank of America . The National Bank of America deals in the safekeeping of its client’s money, and since the bank operates huge volumes of financial transactions, most of its systems are automated. These systems are subject to several security measures because it is crucial for the company to ensure all accounts held for its customers are uniquely operated by the legitimate owners. Comprehensively, the bank’s security systems are often subject to breaches by fraudsters and other suspicious entities. The possibility of a security breach warrants a through development of a comprehensive system plan and evaluation procedure. In achieving the above objective, this paper explains the concept of security assurance and trusted systems of the bank; an evaluation of ways of providing assurance throughout the life cycle; a discussion of the validity and verification of the system, and a Illustration of the evaluation methodology and certification techniques of the security system. These analyses will be done systematically. Security Assurance and Trusted Systems The concept of security assurance in the National Bank of America’s security system revolves around the assurances of the company (to its clients) that the company’s security system is completely secure (Merkow, 2004, p. 11). The system’s security assurances will be supported by objective evidences, based on more than one premise. Unlike most security assurance and trusted systems technologies, National Bank of America will have a security assurance system that will be based on people, processes and technology (Carnegie Mellon University, 2008, p. 2). These premises will show how the claim of security assurance is supported by several sub-claims. In this explanation, the system explains various levels of security vulnerabilities that need to be protected. The strongest security assurance premise for National Bank of America would be the guarantee that the system caters for all coding effects. These coding effects may lead to several buffer overflow breaches (Carnegie Mellon University, 2008, p. 2). In this regard, the strongest security assurance will be based on the guarantee that all the programmers who developed the bank’s security systems were trained to develop the system. Here, an assurance is given that the code writing process was done by qualified programmers, hence the minimal chances of realizing buffer overflow vulnerabilities. The second security vulnerability will be made with the assurance that all programmers comprehensively reviewed the security system to ensure there is no chance of a buffer overflow occurring (Carnegie Mellon University, 2008, p. 2). A statistics analysis tool will also be used as a security assurance measure to guarantee that, there will
Introduction Philosophers have viewed the political role as well as the justifications for liberty to be vital in political and ethical matters. Both Kant and Rousseau agree with each other on the significance of liberty in politics, though Kant looks at freedom as autonomy, while Rousseau views it as dependence. Liberty looks at the norms of rights of independence and equal external freedom, while autonomy looks at the norms of education, perfection, virtue and integrity, among others. The difference in the approaches assumed by Kant and Rousseau regarding the norms of liberty and moral autonomy determine the perspective of their theories of justice. While Rousseau looks at freedom in terms of securing justice in a manner as to attain moral autonomy, Kant looks at justice with a view to attain liberty. Civil liberty according to Rousseau Rousseau observes a transformation when individuals shift from a state of nature whereby individuals follow their inclinations without thought, to a civil state, as indicated on page 150, where he states that “Only then, when the voice of duty replaces physical impulse and right replaces appetite, does man, who had hitherto taken only himself into account, find himself forced to act upon other principles and to consult his reason before listening to his inclinations.” According to Rousseau, man’s action is based on pity and self-love, without considering his involvement, though they are driven by the strongest desire. The society can impose moral notions to individuals, thereby influencing their rules or principles, and causing them to act without consideration their desires or inclinations. Civil liberty is therefore the freedom to act according to the law, without considering individual moral ideas (Rousseau 150). Kant’s causality property of freedom Freedom is observed when decisions are made without any external forces or causes influencing them. Kant believes that his definition of freedom does not make it lawless just because it does not refer to the laws of nature. The concept of causality is basically a law, since the presentation of a cause results in the occurrence of an effect. This implies that freedom conceptually follows the law, since freedom involves causality, and causality involves law. Difference between Rousseau and Kant According to Rousseau, justice looks at the conditions that can secure moral autonomy. With this line of thought, moral autonomy is attained via the rights of liberty. Kant on the other hand looks at justice in terms of liberty and not moral autonomy or virtue. This implies that Rousseau views liberty as just one of the components of justice. He also views justice to be realizable only when people realize their moral autonomy. Kant on the other hand views the norms of liberty as the only requirements for justice, which implies that most of the societies that practice liberty have realized justice. Kant (49) views freedom as autonomy, as seen in his words, “What else, then, can freedom of the will be but autonomy, i.e., the pro
Introduction Most of the popular video games in the market are characterized by their ability to allow players to role-play in various situations, unfortunately, most of these situations normally involve violence. There has been unease at the effect that this exposure could have on children, considering that video games are fast becoming a favorite past time for most children in the developed world. Studies have suggested the existence of a relationship between youth violence and video games and this could apply to children too. Negative Effects of Video Games The evidence that video games increase violence among children is overwhelming. For example, a study in 2001 found that a high number of violence cases in high schools and universities were orchestrated by persons who confessed to playing violent games regularly. An explanation for this is that aggression is mainly based on the learning function of the brain and as such, each violent episode is in essence one more learning opportunity, hence violence is increased with increased exposure to video games. One of the factors that make video games prone to leading to violence is the high level of engagement and concentration required of gamers. Studies show that children who were exposed to violent video games engage in fantasy plays in which they emulate the actions of the violent characters. This effectively demonstrates that the high involvement of video games results in youths desiring to play out the violent actions in real life. A logical consequence of exposure to violence is desensitization, a process whereby the cognitive, emotional, and even behavioral response to violence is eliminated in a gradual process. Therefore, engaging in violent video games results in an increase for tolerance of violent behavior in real life. Video Games as a Neutral Factor While advocates for video games argue that video games represent violence as ‘cool and fashionable’, it should be noted that video games are no the only media through which such notions arise from. Violence is an aspect of the mainstream media and hence violence in children should take into consideration these various media platforms. Opponents of media violence point to the rise in crime wave during the 1970s and 1980s, which was largely attributed to violence in television. They say that the same could happen due to video game violence. This is a fallacy as statistics indicate that violent crimes in the US fell in the 1990s, a time when violent video games became popular. Discussion While video games are meant to be educational or entertaining, content analysis shows that 89% of these contain some violent content. Since video games are so common among children, the effect of video games would be significant. It has been said that a relation exists between video game violence and real life violence, however, this is no absolute reality. Proponents argue that violent children prefer to play violent video games. Research suggests otherwise, therefore we can conclude that while violent games are played by violent children, the aggression levels increase due to the exposure. Conclusion This pap
Introduction A famous quote from the Greek philosopher, Socrates, states that “the unexamined life is not worth living,” suggesting that an individual should examine his life in order to have a meaningful life. While philosophers shared different opinions on what leads people to a happy life, they all admitted that an individual’s additional knowledge or examination of his own life could benefit his succession and happiness. There are two significant concepts from the works of ancient philosophers Plato and Aristotle that discuss the sources of knowledge and its correlation with happiness and meaningful life. Main body The first concept introduced by Plato is the Allegory of the Cave. Plato’s allegory was constructed to illustrate what it feels like to be a philosopher or a man enlightened with knowledge and share it with other people. It predominantly explores the nature of people’s ignorance and tendency to avoid becoming more knowledgeable. However, there also are many ways in which the concept could be redefined and analyzed. Plato’s allegory of the cave captures the humans’ natural tendency to keep things in control in the standard order without recklessly following new ideas. By emphasizing how the freed prisoner was unable to see clearly in the dark, Plato’s concept also touches on the subject of people’s fear of the unknown and rejection of differences of all sorts (Plato 6). Even though the execution of Plato’s idea is borderline primitive, it emphasizes the wild reflexes left in the minds of modern people from their ancestors, such as the instinct of self-preservation. As intellectual beings, people should recognize and differentiate dangers from the knowledge and gradually introduce the latter to their minds to maintain a meaningful life. Therefore, an individual must examine their own life to gain knowledge and escape the limitations imposed by an imaginary cave in an individual mind. Another valuable idea in terms of knowledge and its nature is the idea of the High-Minded Man introduced by Aristotle. The concept of a High-Minded man is close to Aristotle’s understanding of success and the contribution of different virtues to an individual’s happiness. By observing people and society, Aristotle determined that happy or successful people possess similar traits that he identified as virtues. He suggested that cultivating virtues in other people and especially young children, would benefit them in life by making them happier and more likely to succeed. According to Aristotle’s perceptions, virtues locate in between two opposing negative qualities or vices. Therefore, in his description of the High-Minded Man, Aristotle addresses the same concept of finding the right balance, or the golden mean, between two opposing vices. Comparing the two writings shows that both philosophers shared similar views on the importance of knowledge and development for humankind but chose different focus areas. Plato’s idea follows his percepti
The hospitality industry is an important part of the economy in Saudi Arabia; more importantly, researchers expect that in the future this market may increase by 6,8 percent during the period between 2011 and 2016 (Alpen Capital, 2012, p. 19). However, one should not forget about possible fluctuations of demand. For example, according to the estimates, the room revenues are most likely to decline during 2012 and 2013 (Alpen Capital 2012, p. 19). One should take into account certain factors that can adversely affect the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia as well as other countries in the Middle East. In particular, one can speak about the political unrest in such countries as Egypt, Syria, Libya, and other states. Certainly, this trend does not directly influence Saudi Arabia, but they shape the public opinion and the decisions taken by potential customers, especially tourists who can be reluctant to travel in the Middle East (Andersson & Djeflat, 2013, p. 25). These are the main forecasts offered by market researchers and analysts. Yet, some trends can favorably influence the hospitality industry in Saudi Arabia. For instance, the government of this country intends to invest approximately $ 80 billion to improve the existing infrastructure (Alpen Capital, 2012). In this case, close attention will be paid to railways, airports, roads, and so forth (Alpen Capital, 2012). To a great extent, these efforts can be explained by the need to diversify the economy of the country and make it more agile (Cordesman, 2010, p. 340). Furthermore, in this way, they attempt to enhance the experience of people who go to Saudi Arabia for purposes such as religious pilgrimage, leisure, or business (Cordesman, 2010, p. 340). Additionally, these initiatives can be partly explained by the fact that the hospitality industry is vital for the creation of jobs in the country. Moreover, this industry greatly contributes to the GDP of the country; at present, its share is 5,4 percent (Alpen Capital, 2012, p. 44). Thus, the hospitality industry of the country can rely on the support of the state, and this factor can contribute to the development of the hospitality industry. It should be taken into account that there are 69 construction projects and in this way, the government and private businesses attempt to meet the increasing demand for hotels in Saudi Arabia (Alpen Capital, 2012, p. 20). Market analysts expect in 2016 there will be at least 260,000 rooms available to clients (Alpen Capital, 2012, p. 20). Therefore, one can say that the hospitality industry in Saudi Arabia will remain sustainable even if it may face some challenges shortly. This is one of the main points that can be made. At present, the hotels located in Saudi Arabia number about 243,000 rooms. These rooms earned hotels approximately 35 million dollars (Alpen Capital 2
It is important to analyze the URL of each page before getting to the details of the pages. By reading the URL carefully, an analyst is in a position to find out if the page is a private or otherwise. Starting with Carl Wuensche’s Design of Posting to WordPress Instructions website who’s URL is https://carlwuensche.com/about-me/ , there are some notable strengths and some areas, which require improvement. The name of the site/author or the person responsible for the page in this case Carl Wuensche corresponds to the URL. This is a direct indication of responsibility and accountability. The date is equally important especially the web site update information. This automatically indicates to the user, how current the information is. Evidently, the year at the bottom of Carl’s site is a good indication that the information is not stale or invalid. Web site visitors want current information. The date is a good indication of the author’s interest. Most users treat undated information just as they would, anonymous information. The explanations are clear and precise and thus there is no one who would claim problems creating an account. Today anyone can post information on the web within just some few minutes for instance over some low payments or for publicity purposes. The user must be in a position to differentiate the genuine and reliable sites from those that are questionable. The user should be in a position of immediately figure out the reason being creating even before going into much detail. Does the site disclose facts or data; is it informative, does it provide explanation/sharing of information or persuasion over something? The page becomes public and entices all possible human intentions. From a personal perspective, my reaction to Carl’s site was that it lacked substantiating elements of marketing. The first impression on a site is supposed to involve is a clear brand name or trademark. The viewers ought to k
An attitude toward miracles is something people are free to develop, relying on their interests, knowledge, and understandings. Many theologians believe that miracles are not violations of the natural laws by events interrupted and influenced by God. I like to believe that God participates in human routines and demonstrates his powers. At the same time, I cannot comprehend why the work of God is hard to interpret as a violation of the law of nature. Therefore, I need an additional approach to enhance my knowledge of miracles and their relation to faith and religion. In Chapter 8, one may find an interesting view of how miracles should be analyzed through the prism of its naturalness, God’s interference, purposes, and outcomes. When a person observes a miracle, it means that this event is hard to explain or understand. As a rule, people like to believe that it is the work of God that is pervasive and profound. Due to the lack of evidence and poor reason, such an interpretation of a situation seems to be rational and expected. However, the approach offered by Rowe (2007) introduces several characteristics that define a miracle: inability to occur because of natural causes, supernatural (God) interference, surprise, and a beneficial purpose. Instead of using God as the only explanation of a miracle, Rowe (2007) recommends focusing on different aspects, and the presence of positive emotions is one of them. People do not say about unexpected traumas, deaths, or other problems as a miracle. Survival, recovery, avoidance of destruction, and a pleasant meeting are examples of miracles. These events are miraculous, but I cannot consider the interference of God as the only explanation. Therefore, I prefer to use the approach offered in the chapter and want to think about other features that may define a miracle in human life. Reference Rowe, W. L. (2007). Philosophy of religion: An introduction (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.